bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembly of Transition Metal Oxide Nanostructures on MXene Nanosheets for Fast and Stable Lithium Storage
Authors: Liu Yi‐Tao , Zhang Peng , Sun Ning , Anasori Babak , Zhu Qi‐Zhen , Liu Huan , Gogotsi Yury , Xu Bin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecently, a new class of 2D materials, i.e., transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides known as MXenes, is unveiled with more than 20 types reported one after another. Since they are flexible and conductive, MXenes are expected to compete with graphene and other 2D materials in many applications. Here, a general route is reported to simple self‐assembly of transition metal oxide (TMO) nanostructures, including TiO2 nanorods and SnO2 nanowires, on MXene (Ti3C2) nanosheets through van der Waals interactions. The MXene nanosheets, acting as the underlying substrate, not only enable reversible electron and ion transport at the interface but also prevent the TMO nanostructures from aggregation during lithiation/delithiation. The TMO nanostructures, in turn, serve as the spacer to prevent the MXene nanosheets from restacking, thus preserving the active areas from being lost. More importantly, they can contribute extraordinary electrochemical properties, offering short lithium diffusion pathways and additional active sites. The resulting TiO2/MXene and SnO2/MXene heterostructures exhibit superior high‐rate performance, making them promising high‐power and high‐energy anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.
Activatable Semiconducting Theranostics: Simultaneous Generation and Ratiometric Photoacoustic Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo
Authors: Yang Zhen , Dai Yunlu , Yin Chao , Fan Quli , Zhang Wansu , Song Justin , Yu Guocan , Tang Wei , Fan Wenpei , Yung Bryant C. , Li Jie , Li Xiang , Li Xiangchun , Tang Yufu , Huang Wei , Song Jibin , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEnhancing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an effective anticancer strategy. However, it is a great challenge to control the production and to image ROS in vivo, both of which are vital for improving the efficacy and accuracy of cancer therapy. Herein, an activatable semiconducting theranostic nanoparticle (NP) platform is developed that can simultaneously enhance ROS generation while self‐monitoring its levels through ratiometric photoacoustic (PA) imaging. The NP platform can further guide in vivo therapeutic effect in tumors. The theranostic NP platform is composed of: (i) cisplatin prodrug and ferric ion catalyst for ROS generation, a part of combination cancer therapy; and (ii) a ratiometric PA imaging nanoprobe consisting of inert semiconducting perylene‐diimide (PDI) and ROS activatable near‐infrared dye (IR790s), used in ratiometric PA imaging of ROS during cancer treatment. Ratiometric PA signals are measured at two near‐infrared excitation wavelengths: 680 and 790 nm for PDI and IR790s, respectively. The measurements show highly accurate visualization of •OH generation in vivo. This novel ROS responsive organic theranostic NP allows not only synergistic cancer chemotherapy but also real‐time monitoring of the therapeutic effect through ratiometric PA imaging.
Fabric Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Biosensors
Authors: Yang Anneng , Li Yuanzhe , Yang Chenxiao , Fu Ying , Wang Naixiang , Li Li , Yan Feng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFlexible fabric biosensors can find promising applications in wearable electronics. However, high‐performance fabric biosensors have been rarely reported due to many special requirements in device fabrication. Here, the preparation of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) on Nylon fibers is reported. By introducing metal/conductive polymer multilayer electrodes on the fibers, the OECTs show very stable performance during bending tests. The devices with functionalized gates are successfully used as various biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity. The fiber‐based OECTs are woven together with cotton yarns successfully by using a conventional weaving machine, resulting in flexible and stretchable fabric biosensors with high performance. The fabric sensors show much more stable signals in the analysis of moving aqueous solutions than planar devices due to a capillary effect in fabrics. The fabric devices are integrated in a diaper and remotely operated by using a mobile phone, offering a unique platform for convenient wearable healthcare monitoring.
The Rational Design of Mo/MoC1−x Nanorods as Highly Active Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Diao Jinxiang , Yuan Wenyu , Su Yi , Qiu Yu , Guo Xiaohui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExploring efficient Pt‐free hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst with low cost and earth‐abundance is a critical challenge. Herein, highly active and stable Mo/α‐MoC1−x catalyst is synthesized via a simple pyrolysis of a MoO3/ethylenediamine hybrid precursor in reductive atmosphere. The as‐prepared Mo/α‐MoC1−x shows excellent HER activity with a low onset potential of −75 mV (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), a small Tafel slope of 81.7 mV dec−1, as well as good stability in acid electrolytes owing to the synergistic effect of Mo and α‐MoC1−x. This novel structure is a candidate for other energy related fields and this simple synthesis method can be further applied for the synthesis of other hybrid catalysts.
Interfacial‐Field‐Induced Increase of the Structural Phase Transition Temperature in Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Crystals Coated with ZnO Nanoshell
Authors: Zhao Fenghuan , Gao Xian , Fang Xuan , Glinka Yuri D. , Feng Xiyuan , He Zhubing , Wei Zhipeng , Chen Rui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites are known to exhibit a complex crystalline structure, which allows for the structural phase transitions among the orthorhombic, tetragonal, and cubic phases that occur at different temperatures. This behavior of the organic–inorganic perovskites can significantly alter their optoelectronic properties. Here, using photoluminescence spectroscopy, it is shown that the structural orthorhombic‐to‐tetragonal phase transition temperature in MAPbI3 perovskite crystal can be increased from 135 to 160 K upon coating with ZnO nanoshell. The phenomenon is attributed to the interfacial‐field‐induced atomic rearrangement in the near‐surface area. The findings shed light on the great importance of the interfacial electric field effect on the structural and optical properties of the organic–inorganic perovskites, which hold great promise for their potential applications in the structural‐phase‐controlled optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
Enantiomorphing Chiral Plasmonic Nanostructures: A Counterintuitive Sign Reversal of the Nonlinear Circular Dichroism
Authors: Collins Joel T. , Zheng Xuezhi , Braz Nuno V. S. , Slenders Eli , Zu Shuai , Vandenbosch Guy A. E. , Moshchalkov Victor V. , Fang Zheyu , Ameloot Marcel , Warburton Paul A. , Valev Ventsislav K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPlasmonic nanostructures have demonstrated a remarkable ability to control light in ways never observed in nature, as the optical response is closely linked to their flexible geometric design. Due to lack of mirror symmetry, chiral nanostructures allow twisted electric field “hotspots” to form at the material surface. These hotspots depend strongly on the optical wavelength and nanostructure geometry. Understanding the properties of these chiral hotspots is crucial for their applications; for instance, in enhancing the optical interactions with chiral molecules. Here, the results of an elegant experiment are presented: by designing 35 intermediate geometries, the structure is “enantiomorphed” from one handedness to the other, passing through an achiral geometry. Nonlinear multiphoton microscopy is used to demonstrate a new kind of double‐bisignate circular dichroism due to enantiomorphing, rather than wavelength change. From group theory, a fundamental origin of this plasmonic chiroptical response is proposed. The analysis allows the optimization of plasmonic chiroptical materials.
Surface modification of PLGA nanoparticles using chitosan: Effect of molecular weight, concentration, and degree of deacetylation
Authors: Al‐Nemrawi Nusaiba K. , Okour Arren R. , Dave Rutesh H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPoly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) is used to prepare biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs). Unfortunately, PLGA NPs suffer from certain limitations such as short residence time when applied on mucosal tissues. Coating PLGA NPs surfaces with chitosan can improve their mucoadhesiveness and enhance the residence time. In this study, two molecular weights of chitosan (60 and 15 kDa) and three degrees of deacetylations (DDA) (92%, 75% and 55%) were used to study the effect of the molecular weight, concentration, and DDA of chitosan on the properties (size, PDI, charge, and mucoadhesion) of PLGA NPs. The results showed that the size of the NPs increases with increase in the concentration or molecular weight of chitosan but decreases with increase in the DDA. Also, coating PLGA NPs with chitosan give them a positive charge that increases as the chitosan concentration, DDA, or molecular weight increase. In general, all formulations with chitosan‐coated PLGA NPs had enhanced mucoadhesion, and this mucoadhesion improved as the chitosan concentration, DDA, or molecular weight increased.
Fabrication of Metal/Graphene Hybrid Interconnects by Direct Graphene Growth and Their Integration Properties
Authors: Lee Chang‐Seok , Shin Keun Wook , Song Hyun‐Jae , Park Hyun , Cho Yeonchoo , Im Dong‐Hyun , Lee Hyangsook , Lee Jae‐Ho , Won Jung Yeon , Chung Jae Gwan , Kim Changhyun , Byun Kyung‐Eun , Lee Eun‐Kyu , Kim Yongsung , Ko Wonhee , Lim Han Jin , Park Seongjun , Shin Hyeon‐Jin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough high‐quality graphene can be produced on catalyst metals, their practical applications, especially Si technologies, are limited by the high‐temperature growth and the posttransfer process. A high‐performance system composed of W/nanocrystalline graphene (nc‐G)/TiN is realized for the long‐term downscaling of interconnect technology. The nc‐G is directly grown on noncatalytic TiN, up to 300 mm in diameter, at a low temperature of ≈560 °C, which is below the complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor integration temperature. The versatile roles of nc‐G in the interconnect are demonstrated: as a promoter of the preferential grain growth of the W layer, as a diffusion barrier to metal‐silicide formation, and as a proper adhesion layer with adjacent layers. Overall, a significant reduction (27%) in the resistance of the interconnect is achieved by the insertion of nc‐G between W and TiN. This work points to the possibility of practical graphene applications via direct nc‐G growth that is compatible with current Si technology.
Predictive value of SNOT‐22 on additional opiate prescriptions after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Shen Sarek A. , Jafari Aria , Bracken David , Pang John , DeConde Adam S. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundEndoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is generally well tolerated, yet a subset of patients require an additional opiate prescription in the postoperative period. The purpose of this study was to quantify differences in both preoperative and immediate postoperative 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores between patients with a single prescription and those requiring additional opiate prescriptions (AOPs).MethodsPatients undergoing ESS between November 2016 and August 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. The Medical and Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System (CURES) records were reviewed; patients requiring AOP within 60 days after surgery were identified. The primary and secondary outcomes of interest were the association of baseline and first postoperative visit SNOT‐22 total and domain scores with AOP.ResultsA total of 121 patients were reviewed, 22 (18.2%) required AOP. Baseline SNOT‐22 scores were higher in aggregate (58.7 ± 16.0 vs 46.1 ± 22.5) and ear/facial domain (11.4 ± 4.8 vs 8.5 ± 5.4) in the AOP group (p < 0.01). AOP patients also demonstrated higher scores across all SNOT‐22 domains (p < 0.001) at the immediate preoperative visit. There was no difference in the absolute improvement between groups (15.5 ± 18.30 vs 12.3 ± 23.9, p = 0.54). AOP patients experienced less relative improvement (20.2% vs 34.8%, p < 0.05) and smaller mean effect size (0.57 vs 0.70, p < 0.001) after ESS.ConclusionPatients reporting increased ear and facial symptoms at baseline have an increased risk of additional opiate prescription after surgery; preoperative SNOT‐22 scores may provide utility in identifying these patients. Subjects in both cohorts report symptomatic improvement after ESS; however, relative, not absolute, improvement in SNOT‐22 scores is more predictive of AOP.
Age of first exposure to tackle football and chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Authors: Alosco Michael L. , Mez Jesse , Tripodis Yorghos , Kiernan Patrick T. , Abdolmohammadi Bobak , Murphy Lauren , Kowall Neil W. , Stein Thor D. , Huber Bertrand Russell , Goldstein Lee E. , Cantu Robert C. , Katz Douglas I. , Chaisson Christine E. , Martin Brett , Solomon Todd M. , McClean Michael D. , Daneshvar Daniel H. , Nowinski Christopher J. , Stern Robert A. , McKee Ann C. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of age of first exposure to tackle football on chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) pathological severity and age of neurobehavioral symptom onset in tackle football players with neuropathologically confirmed CTE.MethodsThe sample included 246 tackle football players who donated their brains for neuropathological examination. Two hundred eleven were diagnosed with CTE (126 of 211 were without comorbid neurodegenerative diseases), and 35 were without CTE. Informant interviews ascertained age of first exposure and age of cognitive and behavioral/mood symptom onset.ResultsAnalyses accounted for decade and duration of play. Age of exposure was not associated with CTE pathological severity, or Alzheimer's disease or Lewy body pathology. In the 211 participants with CTE, every 1 year younger participants began to play tackle football predicted earlier reported cognitive symptom onset by 2.44 years (p < 0.0001) and behavioral/mood symptoms by 2.50 years (p < 0.0001). Age of exposure before 12 predicted earlier cognitive (p < 0.0001) and behavioral/mood (p < 0.0001) symptom onset by 13.39 and 13.28 years, respectively. In participants with dementia, younger age of exposure corresponded to earlier functional impairment onset. Similar effects were observed in the 126 CTE‐only participants. Effect sizes were comparable in participants without CTE.InterpretationIn this sample of deceased tackle football players, younger age of exposure to tackle football was not associated with CTE pathological severity, but predicted earlier neurobehavioral symptom onset. Youth exposure to tackle football may reduce resiliency to late‐life neuropathology. These findings may not generalize to the broader tackle football population, and informant‐report may have affected the accuracy of the estimated effects. Ann Neurol 2018;83:886–901
Bridging the Gap between the Direct and Hydrocarbon Pool Mechanisms of the Methanol‐to‐Hydrocarbons Process
Authors: Chowdhury Abhishek Dutta , Paioni Alessandra Lucini , Houben Klaartje , Whiting Gareth T. , Baldus Marc , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAfter a prolonged effort over many years, the route for the formation of a direct carbon−carbon (C−C) bond during the methanol‐to‐hydrocarbon (MTH) process has very recently been unveiled. However, the relevance of the “direct mechanism”‐derived molecules (that is, methyl acetate) during MTH, and subsequent transformation routes to the conventional hydrocarbon pool (HCP) species, are yet to be established. This important piece of the MTH chemistry puzzle is not only essential from a fundamental perspective, but is also important to maximize catalytic performance. The MTH process was probed over a commercially relevant H‐SAPO‐34 catalyst, using a combination of advanced solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and operando UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy coupled to an on‐line mass spectrometer. Spectroscopic evidence is provided for the formation of (olefinic and aromatic) HCP species, which are indeed derived exclusively from the direct C−C bond‐containing acetyl group of methyl acetate. New mechanistic insights have been obtained from the MTH process, including the identification of hydrocarbon‐based co‐catalytic organic reaction centers.
Securing a Supramolecular Architecture by Tying a Stopper Knot
Authors: Leigh David A. , Pirvu Lucian , Schaufelberger Fredrik , Tetlow Daniel J. , Zhang Liang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report on a rotaxane‐like architecture secured by the in situ tying of an overhand knot in the tris(2,6‐pyridyldicarboxamide) region of the axle through complexation with a lanthanide ion (Lu3+). The increase in steric bulk caused by the knotting locks a crown ether onto the thread. Removal of the lutetium ion unties the knot, and when the axle binding site for the ring is deactivated, the macrocycle spontaneously dethreads. When the binding interaction is switched on again, the crown ether rethreads over the 10 nm length of the untangled strand. The overhand knot can be retied, relocking the threaded structure, by once again adding lutetium ions.
Conducting a Surgical Site Infection Prevention Tracer
Authors: Padgette Polly , Wood Brittain 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common health care−associated infections in patients. Approximately half of SSIs are preventable when using evidence‐based strategies; however, deviations from evidence‐based practice can occur over time. Infection preventionists and perioperative staff members can help prevent these deviations by observing staff member practices using tracer methodology. Tracer methodology uses clinical information to follow patient care, treatment, or services provided throughout the care delivery system. The goal of tracer methodology for SSI prevention is to validate that organizational processes are promoting safer patient care. Using tracers, perioperative and infection prevention staff members can develop strategies to eliminate deviations from evidence‐based practice, thereby helping to prevent SSIs and improve patient outcomes.
Novel branched poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) as a nonmigrating plasticizer in flexible PVC: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Huang Yangze , Yu Erlei , Li Yanke , Wei Zhong 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTA series of hyperbranched poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (HPCLs, denoted as DX) with different molecular weights were synthesized by the copolymerization of GPCL (PCL initiated by glycidol) and succinic anhydride. The chemical structure of DX was characterized by 1H‐NMR gel permeation chromatography and inherent viscosity, and DX was used as the plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compared to traditional plasticizer di‐(ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The thermal properties, morphology, mechanical properties, and migration stabilities of PVC films were explored with differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, tensile, and migration tests. PVC/D1 exhibited the best plasticization efficiency up to 107%, with enhanced tensile strength (18.5 MPa) and ultimate elongation (416%) compared to PVC/DEHP (11.5 MPa and 375%, respectively). PVC/D1 exhibited remarkably high plasticization efficiency as compared to PVC/DEHP at a plasticizer concentration of PVC below 40 wt %. Moreover, the migration test for PVC/DX films exhibited minimal plasticizers migration even at very harsh conditions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46542.
Coupling hybrid of graphene oxide and layered zirconium phosphonate to enhance phenolic resin–based friction materials
Authors: Deng Xi , Huang Jin , Liu Changhua , Gan Lin , Hong Jing , Liu Weifeng , Luo Liehong , Wang Ye 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTA two‐dimensional (2D) heterogeneous coupling nanoparticle composed of graphene oxide and zirconium phosphonate (GO‐ZrP) was synthesized layer by layer in a self‐assembly manner. A rigid layer of zirconium phosphonate can inhibit the curling of graphene oxide and then improve its dispersion. The GO‐ZrP was then applied to phenolic resin–based friction materials by blending and hot pressing to improve their friction properties. The results show that the phenolic resin–based friction materials modified by GO‐ZrP possess excellent tribological, mechanical, and thermal properties. Also, the specific wear rate of the material decreased nearly fivefold with the optimal loading, while the friction coefficient was basically stable. Synergistic effects between GO and ZrP nanosheets provide good prospects for the application of 2D nanofillers in friction materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46543.
Curing behavior and properties of benzoxazine‐co‐self‐promoted phthalonitrile polymers
Authors: Lv Dan , Dayo Abdul Qadeer , Wang An‐Ran , Kiran Sadia , Xu Yi‐Le , Song Sha , Liu Wen‐bin , Wang Jun , Gao Bao‐Chang 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTA new high‐performance copolymer was successfully obtained via concerted catalysis polymerization of mono‐functional benzoxazine (P‐a) and self‐promoted 4‐aminophenoxy phthalonitrile (4‐APN) monomers. The FTIR and DSC curves of the P‐a/4‐APN in different blend ratios suggested that the monomer blends can be completely cured without the addition of curing additive. The P‐a/4‐APN copolymers were cured at relatively lower curing temperatures and time. The TGA curves revealed that the P‐a/4‐APN copolymers have good thermal stability in terms of T5, T10, and char yield. A gradual increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) values and decline were seen in the storage modulus as the loading of 4‐APN was increased from 10 to 30 wt % in the copolymer. The SEM analyses showed that copolymer's fracture surface is dendritic, showing the stress has been dispersed to a certain extent. The study revealed that the poly(P‐a/4‐APN) copolymer have much better thermal stabilities than the poly(P‐a), and the prepared copolymer can be used as a high‐performance thermosetting resin. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46578.
Structure evolution and orientation mechanism of isotactic polypropylene during the two‐stage solid die drawing process
Authors: Wu Pingping , Yang Qi , Zhao Zhongguo , Sun Hongwen , Zhang Tongying , Huang Yajiang , Liao Xia 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTHigh oriented isotactic polypropylene prepared by self‐designed two‐stage die drawing apparatus was explored through kinds of methods, including differential scanning calorimetry, two‐dimensional wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, polarized light microscope, and tensile test. The results showed that there was a great difference between the orientation mechanism and structure evolution of two‐stage solid die drawing process and single‐stage solid die drawing process. All samples would undergo free drawing process after die drawing process. Die drawing and free drawing process were of equal importance to single‐stage die drawing process while die drawing process showed an prominent contribution to the two‐stage die drawing process. Drawing speed showed beneficial influence on die drawing process for both single‐ and two‐stage die drawing process routes. Under the same processing condition, tensile strength and modulus of samples prepared by two‐stage die drawing process were higher than those prepared by single‐stage die drawing process and the maximum value could reach 241.93 MPa and 3.57 GPa, respectively. Moreover, two‐stage die drawing samples showed better dimensional stability than single‐stage die drawing samples especially under low draw rate. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46581.