bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internet Addiction Among Lebanese Adolescents
Authors: Obeid Sahar , Saade Sylvia , Haddad Chadia , Sacre Hala , Khansa Wael , Al Hajj Roula , Kheir Nelly , Hallit Souheil 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the association between depression, anxiety, social anxiety and fear, impulsivity, and aggression and Internet addiction (IA) among Lebanese adolescents. This cross-sectional study, conducted between October 2017 and April 2018, enrolled 1103 young adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used to screen for IA. The results also showed that 56.4% of the participants were average Internet users (IAT score ≤49), 40.0% had occasional/frequent problems (IAT scores between 50 and 79), and 3.6% had significant problems (IAT scores ≥80) because of Internet use. The results of a stepwise regression showed that higher levels of aggression (β = 0.185), depression (Multiscore Depression Inventory for Children) (β = 0.219), impulsivity (β = 0.344), and social fear (β = 0.084) were associated with higher IA, whereas an increased number of siblings (β = −0.779) and a higher socioeconomic status (β = −1.707) were associated with lower IA. Uncontrolled use of the Internet can be associated with addiction and other psychological comorbidities.
Metacognitive Interpersonal Mindfulness-Based Training for Worry About Interpersonal Events
Authors: Ottavi Paolo , Passarella Tiziana , Pasinetti Manuela , MacBeth Angus , Velotti Patrizia , Velotti Anna , Bandiera Aldea , Popolo Raffaele , Salvatore Giampaolo , Dimaggio Giancarlo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Individuals with personality disorders experience worry and repetitive thoughts regarding interpersonal scenarios. Mainstream mindfulness-based approaches may be insufficient to soothe these individual's distress due to difficulties in letting thoughts go and refocusing attention to the present moment. For this reason, we devised an adapted form of mindfulness-based program called Metacognitive Interpersonal Mindfulness-Based Training (MIMBT) for personality disorders. In this pilot study, 28 individuals attended nine weekly sessions to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability, and to establish preliminary outcomes. All individuals completed the program. Attendance was very high (96%). Significant changes were observed on the primary outcome of reduction in repetitive thinking, measured using the Metacognition Questionnaire-30. We also observed a decrease in depression severity. Despite important limitations, this pilot study suggests that MIMBT has the potential to be a viable and well-accepted option for increasing positive outcomes in the treatment of personality disorders. Clinical considerations and directions for future research are discussed.
Effectiveness of Cerebellar Circuitry Modulation in Schizophrenia
Authors: Escelsior Andrea , Belvederi Murri Martino , Calcagno Pietro , Cervetti Alice , Caruso Rosangela , Croce Enrico , Grassi Luigi , Amore Mario 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Structural and functional abnormalities of the cerebellum have been observed in schizophrenia since the first neuroimaging studies. More recently, the functions of the cerebellum have been extended beyond sensorimotor control to include participation in higher-level cognition and affective regulation. Consistently, the “cognitive dysmetria” theory posits that dysfunctions of cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry may be crucial for the pathogenesis of different clinical features of schizophrenia. This conceptual framework offers a set of testable hypotheses, now that various tools to exert direct modulation of cerebellar activity are available. We conducted a systematic review of studies examining the effects of cerebellar modulation in schizophrenia. Two independent authors conducted a search within PubMed for articles published up to April 2019 and identified 10 studies (three randomized controlled trials, two open-label studies, two case reports, one preclinical study) describing the effects of cerebellar circuitry modulation in patients with schizophrenia or animal models. The majority of interventions were uncontrolled and used stimulation of the cerebellar vermis, using transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial direct-current stimulation. Most studies detected improvements after cerebellar modulation. Clinical changes mostly pertained the domains of negative symptoms, depressive symptoms and cognitive functions. In conclusion, few studies examined the effects of cerebellar modulation in schizophrenia but yielded promising results. This approach may hold therapeutic potential, pending further methodologically robust replication.
Clinical Experience With the C-MAC and GlideScope in a Pediatric Emergency Department Over a 10-Year Period
Authors: Pacheco Garrett S. , Patanwala Asad E. , Mendelson Jenny S. , Sakles John C. 
Published: September 2019

Objective
There is little literature describing the performance of video laryngoscopes for the intubation of pediatric patients in the emergency department (ED). The purpose of this study is to report our experience with direct laryngoscopy (DL), the C-MAC (CMAC), and the GlideScope (GVL) over a 10-year period in an urban academic pediatric ED.

Methods
This was an analysis of pediatric intubations prospectively recorded into a Continuous Quality Improvement database in an academic pediatric ED over a 10-year period. Between July 1, 2007, and June 30, 2017, emergency physicians recorded all consecutive intubations performed in the pediatric ED. The database included patient demographics and detailed information on each intubation such as age of the patient, reason for intubation, device(s) used, method of intubation, difficult airway characteristics, adverse events, number of intubation attempts, and outcome of each attempt. All patients younger than 18 years who underwent intubation by an emergency medicine resident using a DL or videolaryngoscope (CMAC or GVL) were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was first-pass success without adverse events (FPS-AE), which was defined as successful tracheal intubation on a single laryngoscope insertion without the occurrence of any adverse events during the peri-intubation period. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to control for potential confounders and included difficult airway characteristic, operator level of training, method of intubation, and patient age.

Results
During the study period, 530 intubations were performed in pediatric patients. Of these, 493 intubations met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed (218 DL, 187 CMAC, 88 GVL). The FPS-AE with each device is as follows: DL, 54.1% (n = 118/218); CMAC, 64.0% (n = 119/187); and GVL, 52.3% (n = 46/88). In the logistic regression analysis, compared with DL, the CMAC was associated with a higher FPS-AE (odds ratio, 1.6 [95% confidence interval, 1.03–2.45]), whereas the GVL was not associated with an increased FPS-AE (odds ratio, 0.62 [95% confidence interval, 0.35–1.10]).

Conclusions
In this study of pediatric patients intubated in the ED, compared with DL, the CMAC was associated with an increased FPS-AE, but the GVL was not.
Image Artifact Management for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging on a 7 T Scanner Using Single-Channel Radiofrequency Transmit Mode
Authors: Fagan Andrew J. , Welker Kirk M. , Amrami Kimberly K. , Frick Matthew A. , Watson Robert E. , Kollasch Peter , Chebrolu Venkata , Felmlee Joel P. 
Published: September 2019

Objectives
The aim of this work was to devise mitigation strategies for addressing a range of image artifacts on a clinical 7 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner using the regulatory-approved single-channel radiofrequency transmit mode and vendor-supplied radiofrequency coils to facilitate clinical scanning within reasonable scan times.

Materials and Methods
Optimized imaging sequence protocols were developed for routine musculoskeletal knee and neurological imaging. Sources of severe image nonuniformities were identified, and mitigation strategies were devised. A range of custom-made high permittivity dielectric pads were used to compensate for B1
+ and B1
− inhomogeneities, and also for magnetic susceptibility-induced signal dropouts particularly in the basal regions of the temporal lobes and in the cerebellum.

Results
Significant improvements in image uniformity were obtained using dielectric pads in the knee and brain. A combination of small voxels, reduced field of view B0 shimming, and high in-plane parallel imaging factors helped to minimize signal loss in areas of high susceptibility-induced field distortions. The high inherent signal-to-noise ratio at 7 T allowed for high receiver bandwidths and thin slices to minimize chemical shift artifacts. Intermittent artifacts due to radiofrequency inversion pulse limitations (power, bandwidth) were minimized with dielectric pads. A patient with 2 implanted metallic cranial fixation devices located within the radiofrequency transmit field was successfully imaged, with minimal image geometric distortions.

Conclusions
Challenges relating to severe image artifacts at 7 T using single-channel radiofrequency transmit functionality in the knee and brain were overcome using the approaches described in this article. The resultant high diagnostic image quality paves the way for incorporation of this technology into the routine clinical workflow. Further developmental efforts are required to expand the range of applications to other anatomical areas, and to expand the evidence- and knowledge-base relating to the safety of scanning patients with implanted metallic devices.
The Keystone Island Perforator Flap in Reconstruction of Large Myelomeningocele Defects
Authors: Hifny Mahmoud A. , Hamdan Ali R. 
Published: September 2019

Background
Reconstruction of the skin defect after myelomeningocele repair is a crucial step that influences the quality of the surgical outcome. Keystone perforator flap is an islanded fasciocutaneous flap based on random regional perforators, which is advanced to adjacent defects. It has become a reliable method of locoregional reconstruction in various body parts with minimum morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate our clinical experiences in using keystone perforator flaps as an alternative surgical method for closure of large myelomeningocele defects.

Methods
In this study, the keystone island perforator flap was used for reconstruction of large myelomeningocele defect in 7 patients (5 males and 2 females) aged between 7 days and 4.5 months. The defect size was 5.9 cm × 6.5 cm on average (range, 4.5 × 5 cm to 7 × 9 cm). The localization of the lesions was lumbosacral in 6 patients and thoracolumbar in 1 patient.

Results
In all patients, tension-free closure was obtained and healing was successful without any complications, except 1 infection, which resolved with conservative wound management. There was no patient with late breakdown of the wound or associated cerebrospinal fluids fistula formation for a mean of 13 months (range, 4 months to 2 years).

Conclusions
The keystone perforator flap technique is an effective, reliable, and durable reconstructive option which enables the reconstructive surgeon to attain a tension-free closure of sizable meningomyeleocele defects with no late wound breakdown or associated cerebrospinal fluids fistula formation and negligible donor site morbidity.
Early Pediatric Nasal Reconstruction Utilizing the Tagliacozzi Flap
Authors: Benkler Michal , Pressler Mark P. , Hallac Rami R. , Patel Shitel , Seaward James R. , Kane Alex A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Tagliacozzi cross arm flap has been historically described for repair of large nasal defects. The authors report what we believe is the youngest case in modern literature of nasal reconstruction with a Tagliacozzi flap, in a 6-year-old girl. Due to her poor face and scalp skin quality, the more modern reconstructive options of a forehead flap or free tissue transfer were not deemed suitable. Two delay procedures and a complex splint were required to position the medial arm fasciocutaneous flap over the nasal construct. The arm was immobilized for 3 weeks to allow for vascularization of the recipient bed. The child successfully tolerated the splint. She has improved breathing and nasal contour.
Spontaneous Idiopathic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea
Authors: Mikayilli Mushfig , Hasanov Teyyub , Otluoglu Gulden Demirci , Nacitarhan Dicle Ece , Erdoğan Raziye Banu Atalay , Demir Necdet , Toktas Zafer Orkun , Colak Ahmet 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is described as cerebrospinal fluid flow through the nose due to the abnormal connection of the subarachnoid space and sinonasal cavity. Spontaneous idiopathic rhinorrhea is a rarely seen disease. Besides the patient's clinical presentation detailed radiological evaluation and other invasive procedures must be carried out to confirm the diagnosis. Its treatment is compelling due to high recurrence rates. In the treatment algorithm when conservative treatment modalities had been proven inadequate, surgical repair must follow in order. In this paper the authors present the details of 2 cases of spontaneous rhinorrhoea patients.
Natural Language Processing for Mimicking Clinical Trial Recruitment in Critical Care: A Semi-automated Simulation Based on the LeoPARDS Trial
Authors: Tissot Hegler , Shah Anoop , Agbakoba Ruth , Folarin Amos , Romao Luis , Brealey David , Harris Steve , Roguski Lukasz , Dobson Richard , Asselbergs Folkert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractClinical trials often fail on recruiting an adequate number of appropriate patients. Identifying eligible trial participants is a resource-intensive task when relying on manual review of clinical notes, particularly in critical care settings where the time window is short. Automated review of electronic health records has been explored as a way of identifying trial participants, but much of the information is in unstructured free text rather than a computable form. We developed an electronic health record pipeline that combines structured electronic health record data with free text in order to simulate recruitment into the LeoPARDS trial. We applied an algorithm to identify eligible patients using a moving 1-hour time window, and compared the set of patients identified by our approach with those actually screened and recruited for the trial. We manually reviewed clinical records for a random sample of additional patients identified by the algorithm but not identified for screening in the original trial. Our approach identified 308 patients, of whom 208 were screened in the actual trial. We identified all 40 patients with CCHIC data available who were actually recruited to LeoPARDS in our centre. The algorithm identified 96 patients on the same day as manual screening and 62 patients one or two days earlier. Analysis of electronic health records incorporating natural language processing tools could effectively replicate recruitment in a critical care trial, and identify some eligible patients at an earlier stage. If implemented in real-time this could improve the efficiency of clinical trial recruitment.
Cognitive functioning and lifetime Major Depressive Disorder in UK Biobank
Authors: De Nooij L , Harris MA , Adams MJ , Clarke T-K , Shen X , Cox SR , McIntosh AM , Whalley HC 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment associated with lifetime Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is well-supported by meta-analytic studies, but population-based estimates remain scarce. Previous UK Biobank studies have only shown limited evidence of cognitive differences related to probable MDD. Using updated cognitive and clinical assessments in UK Biobank, this study investigated population-level differences in cognitive functioning associated with lifetime MDD.MethodsAssociations between lifetime MDD and cognition (performance on six tasks and general cognitive functioning (g-factor)) were investigated in UK Biobank (N-range 7,457-14,836, age 45-81 years, 52% female), adjusting for demographics, education and lifestyle. Lifetime MDD classifications were based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Within the lifetime MDD group, we additionally investigated relationships between cognition and (i) recurrence, (ii) current symptoms, (iii) severity of psychosocial impairment (while symptomatic), and (iv) concurrent psychotropic medication use.ResultsLifetime MDD was robustly associated with a lower g-factor (β = −0.10, PFDR = 4.7×10−5), with impairments in attention, processing speed and executive functioning (β ≥ 0.06). Clinical characteristics revealed differential profiles of cognitive impairment among case individuals; those who reported severe psychosocial impairment and use of psychotropic medication performed worse on cognitive tests. Severe psychosocial impairment and reasoning showed the strongest association (β = −0.18, PFDR = 7.5×10−5).ConclusionsFindings describe small but robust associations between lifetime MDD and lower cognitive performance within a population based sample. Overall effects were of modest effect size, suggesting limited clinical relevance. However, deficits within specific cognitive domains were more pronounced in relation to clinical characteristics, particularly severe psychosocial impairment.
RISK6, a universal 6-gene transcriptomic signature of TB disease risk, diagnosis and treatment response
Authors: Penn-Nicholson Adam , Mbandi Stanley Kimbung , Thompson Ethan , Mendelsohn Simon C. , Suliman Sara , Chegou Novel N. , Malherbe Stephanus T. , Darboe Fatoumatta , Erasmus Mzwandile , Hanekom Willem A. , Bilek Nicole , Fisher Michelle , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. , Winter Jill , Murphy Melissa , Wood Robin , Morrow Carl , Van Rhijn Ildiko , Moody Branch , Murray Megan , Andrade Bruno B. , Sterling Timothy R. , Sutherland Jayne , Naidoo Kogieleum , Padayatchi Nesri , Walzl Gerhard , Hatherill Mark , Zak Daniel , Scriba Thomas J. ,   the Adolescent Cohort Study team,   GC6-74 Consortium,   The ScreenTB and AE-TBC teams,   CAPRISA IMPRESS team,   RePORT Brazil Consortium,   Peruvian Household Contacts Cohort study group
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTImproved tuberculosis diagnostics and tools for monitoring treatment response are urgently needed. We developed a robust and simple, PCR-based host-blood transcriptomic signature, RISK6, for multiple applications: identifying individuals at risk of incident disease, as a screening test for subclinical or clinical tuberculosis, and for monitoring tuberculosis treatment. RISK6 utility was validated by blind prediction using quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR in seven independent cohorts.Prognostic performance significantly exceeded that of previous signatures discovered in the same cohort. Performance for diagnosing subclinical and clinical disease in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected persons, assessed by area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, exceeded 85%. As a screening test for tuberculosis, the sensitivity at 90% specificity met or approached the benchmarks set out in World Health Organization target product profiles for non-sputum-based tests. RISK6 scores correlated with lung immunopathology activity, measured by positron emission tomography, and tracked treatment response, demonstrating utility as treatment response biomarker, while predicting treatment failure prior to treatment initiation. Performance of the test in capillary blood samples collected by finger-prick was noninferior to venous blood collected in PAXgene tubes. These results support incorporation of RISK6 into rapid, capillary blood-based point-of-care PCR devices for prospective assessment in field studies.
Mendelian Randomization with Instrumental Variable Synthesis (IVY)
Authors: Kuang Zhaobin , Cordova-Palomera Aldo , Sala Fred , Wu Sen , Dunnmon Jared , Re Chris , Priest James 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARYMendelian Randomization (MR) is an important causal inference method primarily used in biomedical research. This work applies contemporary techniques in machine learning to improve the robustness and power of traditional MR tools. By denoising and combining candidate genetic variants through techniques from unsupervised probabilistic graphical models, an influential latent instrumental variable is constructed for causal effect estimation. We present results on identifying relationships between biomarkers and the occurrence of coronary artery disease using individual-level real-world data from UK-BioBank via the proposed method. The approach, termed Instrumental Variable sYnthesis (IVY) is proposed as a complement to current methods, and is able to improve results based on allele scoring, particularly at moderate sample sizes.
Computer vision to automatically assess infant neuromotor risk
Authors: Chambers Claire , Seethapathi Nidhi , Saluja Rachit , Loeb Helen , Pierce Samuel , Bogen Daniel , Prosser Laura , Johnson Michelle J. , Kording Konrad P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn infant’s risk of developing neuromotor impairment is primarily assessed through visual examination by specialized clinicians. Therefore, many infants at risk for impairment go undetected, particularly in under-resourced environments. There is thus a need to develop automated, clinical assessments based on quantitative measures from widely-available sources, such as video cameras. Here, we automatically extract body poses and movement kinematics from the videos of at-risk infants (N=19). For each infant, we calculate how much they deviate from a group of healthy infants (N=85 online videos) using Naïve Gaussian Bayesian Surprise. After pre-registering our Bayesian Surprise calculations, we find that infants that are at higher risk for impairments deviate considerably from the healthy group. Our simple method, provided as an open source toolkit, thus shows promise as the basis for an automated and low-cost assessment of risk based on video recordings.
Salt-free fractionation of complex isomeric mixtures of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides compatible with ESI-MS and microarray analysis
Authors: Liu Hao , Joshi Apoorva , Chopra Pradeep , Liu Lin , Boons Geert-Jan , Sharp Joshua S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHeparin and heparan sulfate (Hp/HS) are linear complex glycosaminoglycans which are involved in diverse biological processes. The structural complexity brings difficulties in separation, making the study of structure-function relationships challenging. Here we present a separation method for Hp/HS oligosaccharide fractionation with cross-compatible solvent and conditions, combining size exclusion chromatography (SEC), ion-pair reversed phase chromatography (IPRP), and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) as three orthogonal separation methods that do not require desalting or extensive sample handling. With this method, the final eluent is suitable for structure-function relationship studies, including tandem mass spectrometry and microarray printing. Our data indicate that high resolution is achieved on both IPRP and HILIC for Hp/HS isomers. In addition, the fractions co-eluted in IPRP could be further separated by HILIC, with both separation dimensions capable of resolving some isomeric oligosaccharides. We demonstrate this method using both unpurified reaction products from isomeric synthetic hexasaccharides and an octasaccharide fraction from enoxaparin, identifying isomers resolved by this multi-dimensional separation method. We demonstrate both structural analysis by MS, as well as functional analysis by microarray printing and screening using a prototypical Hp/HS binding protein: basic-fibroblast growth factor (FGF2). Collectively, this method provides a strategy for efficient Hp/HS structure-function characterization.