bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PR06: Functional genomics of CIC-DUX4 fusions in zebrafish recapitulates the spectrum of human CIC-rearranged cancers
Authors: Watson Sarah , Kendall Genevieve C. , Murchison Whitney A. , Delattre Olivier , Tirode Franck , Amatruda James F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
CIC-DUX4 sarcomas are aggressive soft-tissue malignancies characterized by frequent metastases and poor survival. Histologically, CIC-DUX4 sarcomas resemble Ewing sarcomas but do not express EWS-FLI1 or other FET-ETS fusion genes typical of Ewing sarcoma. The tumors arise from chromosomal translocations that fuse the transcriptional repressor CIC with the homeodomain-containing protein DUX4, creating an aberrant transcription factor. However, the critical targets of CIC-DUX4 have been only partly described, the cell of origin and mechanism of transformation are unknown, and animal models of the disease are lacking. Owing to this poor biologic understanding, patients with CIC-DUX4 sarcomas are treated with the same regimens used for classical Ewing sarcoma, despite generally poor outcomes.
To comprehensively address these problems, we are taking a cross-species comparative oncology approach via analysis of human CIC-DUX4 sarcomas and genetically engineered in vivo zebrafish models. Human CIC-DUX4 transgenes exerted strong effects on zebrafish embryonic development. Beginning at 5 weeks of age, almost 40% of injected animals developed invasive, rapidly growing tumors. Strikingly, two classes of tumors emerged: small round blue cell sarcomas developed in soft tissues including the trunk musculature and the ventral abdomen, and CNS-PNETs arose in the head. This recapitulates the spectrum of human tumors with CIC gene rearrangements. To further understand the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis, we performed RNASeq on zebrafish CIC-DUX4 sarcoma and zebrafish EWS-FLI1 sarcomas alongside human tumors and nonmalignant tissues. This analysis revealed pathways conserved between fish and human, including RAS-MAPK signaling, and highlighted the central importance of ETV4 in this disease. Further studies established ETV4 as a valuable new marker of the human disease. Taken together these findings demonstrate that CIC-DUX4 expression is sufficient to promote the development of tumors, give insight into the cellular origins of CIC-DUX4 tumors, and provide a valuable new animal model for translational research.
Citation Format: Sarah Watson, Genevieve C. Kendall, Whitney A. Murchison, Olivier Delattre, Franck Tirode, James F. Amatruda. Functional genomics of CIC-DUX4 fusions in zebrafish recapitulates the spectrum of human CIC-rearranged cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference on Advances in Sarcomas: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation; May 16-19, 2017; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(2_Suppl):Abstract nr PR06.
Abstract PR09: Modeling the tumor microenvironment in sarcoma: The impact on MPNST biology and chemotherapeutic response
Authors: Dodd Rebecca , Lee Chang-Lung , Overton Mary , Huang Wesley , Eward William , Ingram Davis , Cordona Diana , Lazar Alexander , Kirsch David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
NF1 haploinsufficiency is a hallmark of neurofibromatosis Type 1 and is critical for neurofibroma development. The role of the supporting stroma (endothelial cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, etc.) in the development of patient neurofibromas is well established. However, the impact of NF1 haploinsufficiency on MPNST biology is less clear. Sporadic MPNSTs arise in patients with NF1 wild-type stroma (NF1 +/+), while NF1-associated MPNSTs arise in neurofibromatosis patients with NF1 haploinsufficient stroma (NF1 -/+). Patients with NF1-associated MPNSTs have worse outcome than patients with sporadic MPNSTs, but the cause of this difference is under debate. To define the impact of stromal genetics on tumor biology, we have developed unique mouse models that reflect the genetics of patient-associated MPNSTs.
Using paired littermate mice, we model the genetic status of NF1 in the tumor microenvironment of different MPNST patient populations. We use Adenovirus-Cre injections to generate MPNSTs in NF1 Flox/Flox; CDKN2A Flox/Flox and NF1 Null/Flox; CDKN2A Flox/Flox paired littermate mice to model tumors from NF1 wild-type and NF1-assoicated patients, respectively. We find that NF1 haploinsufficiency (NF1 +/- stroma) accelerates tumor onset, which is accompanied by an increase in immune cells comprising CD11B+ cells, monocytes, and mast cells. Furthermore, mast cells are also enriched in human NF1-associated MPNSTs. We used these mouse models in a preclinical trial to examine how the tumor microenvironment influences response to multiagent chemotherapy and found that the stromal NF1 status does not impact the response of MPNSTs to chemotherapy. Taken together, these studies help clarify the role of the NF1 haploinsufficient tumor microenvironment in MPNSTs.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster B15.
Citation Format: Rebecca Dodd, Chang-Lung Lee, Mary Overton, Wesley Huang, William Eward, Davis Ingram, Diana Cordona, Alexander Lazar, David Kirsch. Modeling the tumor microenvironment in sarcoma: The impact on MPNST biology and chemotherapeutic response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference on Advances in Sarcomas: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation; May 16-19, 2017; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(2_Suppl):Abstract nr PR09.
Biomarkers for Antidepressant Efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy: An Exploratory Cerebrospinal Fluid Study
Authors: Kranaster Laura , Hoyer Carolin , Aksay Suna S. , Bumb J. Malte , Müller Norbert , Zill Peter , Schwarz Markus J. , Moll Natalie , Lutz Beat , Bindila Laura , Zerr Inga , Schmitz Matthias , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Haffner Dieter , Leifheit-Nestler Maren , Ozbalci Cagakan , Janke Christoph , Thiel Manfred , Sartorius Alexander 
Published: August 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> No candidate biomarkers based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been identified as prognostic factors in patients with major depression treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), yet. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Following different underlying hypotheses, we analysed baseline CSF levels of markers of neurodegeneration (tau proteins, β-amyloids and neurogranin), elements of the innate immune system (interleukin [IL]-6, neopterin, soluble CD14, soluble CD163, migration inhibitory factor and monocyte chemotactic protein 1), endocannabinoids, sphingolipids and Klotho before ECT in patients with depression (<i>n</i> = 12) to identify possible correlations with the clinical antidepressant response to ECT. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Correlation with the reduction of the depressive symptoms could be observed especially for markers of neurodegeneration and elements of the innate immune system. Differences for CSF levels of several markers were found between the groups of responders and non-responders at the trend level. <b><i>Limitations:</i></b> The sample size is small and the ­distribution of responders and non-responders is uneven. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> It is this first study on CSF biomarkers for antidepressant efficacy of ECT warrants further research regarding the mechanism of ECT and personalized antidepressant therapy.
‘Render to Caesar’
Authors: Tounsel Christopher 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between missions and the government during the late colonial and early independence era in Sudan. I approach the matter of religious liberty by looking at missionaries’ references to Scripture and their understandings of the roles of Church and State during a period of political change. Acknowledgments that Christians are called to ‘render to Caesar’ were coupled by defiance to the government’s aim to inculcate Islam in the South. Mission articulations of religious thought allow for a useful comparison to the liberationist religious rhetoric that Southern Sudanese Christians fashioned during the First Civil War. Missionaries were co-architects of political theology during an era of sociopolitical change.
Drought and Land-Cover Conditions in the Great Plains
Authors: Tollerud Heather , Brown Jesslyn , Loveland Tom , Mahmood Rezaul , Bliss Norman 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Land–atmosphere interactions play a critical role in the Earth system, and a better understanding of these interactions could improve weather and climate models. The interaction among drought, vegetation productivity, and land cover is of particular significance. In a semiarid environment, such as the U.S. Great Plains, droughts can have a large influence on the productivity of agriculture and grasslands, with serious environmental and economic impacts. Here, we used the vegetation drought response index (VegDRI) drought indicator to investigate the response of vegetation to weather and climate for land-cover types in the Great Plains in the United States from 1989 to 2012. We found that analysis that focused on land-cover types within ecoregion divisions provided substantially more and land-cover-based detail on the timing and intensity of drought than did summarizing across the entire Great Plains region. In the northern Great Plains, VegDRI measured more frequent drought impacts on vegetation in the western ecoregions than in the eastern ecoregions. Across the ecoregions of the Great Plains, drought impacts on vegetation were more commonly found in grassland than in cropland. For example, in the “Northwestern Great Plains” ecoregion (which encompasses areas of Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska), grassland and nonirrigated cropland were observed in VegDRI to have historical fractional drought coverages in the growing season of 17% and 11%, respectively.
Ensemble-Based Atmospheric Reanalysis Using a Global Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean GCM
Authors: Komori Nobumasa , Enomoto Takeshi , Miyoshi Takemasa , Yamazaki Akira , Kuwano-Yoshida Akira , Taguchi Bunmei 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Ensemble-based atmospheric data assimilation (DA) systems are sometimes afflicted with an underestimation of the ensemble spread near the surface caused by the use of identical boundary conditions for all ensemble members and the lack of atmosphere–ocean interaction. To overcome these problems, a new DA system has been developed by replacing an atmospheric GCM with a coupled atmosphere–ocean GCM, in which atmospheric observational data are assimilated every 6 h to update the atmospheric variables, whereas the oceanic variables are subject to no direct DA. Although SST suffers from the common biases among many coupled GCMs, two months of a retrospective analysis–forecast cycle reveals that the ensemble spreads of air temperature and specific humidity in the surface boundary layer are slightly increased and the forecast skill in the midtroposphere is rather improved by using the coupled DA system in comparison with the atmospheric DA system. In addition, surface atmospheric variables over the tropical Pacific have the basinwide horizontal correlation in ensemble space in the coupled DA system but not in the atmospheric DA system. This suggests the potential benefit of using a coupled GCM rather than an atmospheric GCM even for atmospheric reanalysis with an ensemble-based DA system.
Visual Estimation of Dupuytren’s Flexion Contractures—A Prospective Comparative Trial
Authors: Corkum Joseph P. , Gillis Joshua A. , Tang David T. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: Surgeons and resident physicians in a clinic setting often visually estimate Dupuytren flexion contractures of the hand to follow disease progression and decide on management. No previous study has compared visual estimates with a standardized instrument to ensure measurement reliability. Methods: Consecutive patients consulted for Dupuytren flexion contractures of the hand had individual joint contractures estimated in degrees (°) by both a resident physician and staff surgeon. Estimates were compared with goniometer measurements to generate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and residents and surgeons were compared based on their accuracy. Results: Twenty-eight patients enrolled in this study, which provided a total of 80 hand joints for analysis. Resident physicians achieved an ICC of 0.42, which indicates poor reliability. The hand surgeon achieved an ICC of 0.86, which indicates high reliability. The surgeon also had better accuracy than the residents. Conclusion: Hand surgeons should be mindful of the limitations of visual estimates of Dupuytren flexion contractures, particularly when conducted by trainees. Joint angle measurements taken for the purposes of research should be done with a goniometer at minimum.
Multidimensional family therapy in adolescents with a cannabis use disorder: long-term effects on delinquency in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: van der Pol Thimo M. , Hendriks Vincent , Rigter Henk , Cohn Moran D. , Doreleijers Theo A. H. , van Domburgh Lieke , Vermeiren Robert R. J. M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background
Substance use and delinquency are considered to be mutual risk factors. Previous studies have shown that multidimensional family therapy (MDFT) is effective in tackling both conditions on the short term. The current study examines the long-term effects of MDFT on criminal offending.

Methods
109 adolescents with cannabis use disorder and comorbid problem behavior were randomly assigned to either MDFT or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Police arrest data were collected for 6 years: 3 years prior to and 3 years after treatment entry. Using survival analysis and repeated measure General Linear Models (rmGLM), the two treatment groups were compared on number of arrests, type of offence, and severity of offence. Moderator analyses looking at age, disruptive behavior disorders, history of crimes, family functioning, and (severe) cannabis use were conducted (rmGLM).

Results
While police arrest rates increased in the 3 years before treatment, the rates decreased substantially after the start of both treatments. No differences were found between the treatment groups with respect to either time to first offence from the start of the treatment or changes in frequency or severity of offending over time. A treatment effect trend favoring MDFT was found for property offending in the subgroup of adolescents with high baseline-severity of cannabis use.

Conclusions
Across a follow-up period of 3 years, MDFT and CBT were similarly effective in reducing delinquency in adolescents with a cannabis use disorder.
Trial registration ISRCTN51014277, Registered 17 March 2010—Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN51014277
Endocrine Deficiency As a Function of Radiation Dose to the Hypothalamus and Pituitary in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Brain Tumors
Authors: Vatner Ralph E. , Niemierko Andrzej , Misra Madhusmita , Weyman Elizabeth A. , Goebel Claire P. , Ebb David H. , Jones Robin M. , Huang Mary S. , Mahajan Anita , Grosshans David R. , Paulino Arnold C. , Stanley Takara , MacDonald Shannon M. , Tarbell Nancy J. , Yock Torunn I. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose There are sparse data defining the dose response of radiation therapy (RT) to the hypothalamus and pituitary in pediatric and young adult patients with brain tumors. We examined the correlation between RT dose to these structures and development of endocrine dysfunction in this population. Materials and Methods Dosimetric and clinical data were collected from children and young adults (< 26 years of age) with brain tumors treated with proton RT on three prospective studies (2003 to 2016). Deficiencies of growth hormone (GH), thyroid hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and gonadotropins were determined clinically and serologically. Incidence of deficiency was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate models were constructed accounting for radiation dose and age. Results Of 222 patients in the study, 189 were evaluable by actuarial analysis, with a median follow-up of 4.4 years (range, 0.1 to 13.3 years), with 31 patients (14%) excluded from actuarial analysis for having baseline hormone deficiency and two patients (0.9%) because of lack of follow-up. One hundred thirty patients (68.8%) with medulloblastoma were treated with craniospinal irradiation (CSI) and boost; most of the remaining patients (n = 56) received involved field RT, most commonly for ependymoma (13.8%; n = 26) and low-grade glioma (7.4%; n = 14). The 4-year actuarial rate of any hormone deficiency, growth hormone, thyroid hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and gonadotropin deficiencies were 48.8%, 37.4%, 20.5%, 6.9%, and 4.1%, respectively. Age at start of RT, time interval since treatment, and median dose to the combined hypothalamus and pituitary were correlated with increased incidence of deficiency. Conclusion Median hypothalamic and pituitary radiation dose, younger age, and longer follow-up time were associated with increased rates of endocrinopathy in children and young adults treated with radiotherapy for brain tumors.
Highly Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds Using La2O3
Authors: Natsir Taufik Abdillah , Hara Takayoshi , Ichikuni Nobuyuki , Shimazu Shogo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the present study, we used rare earth oxides for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds. Pre-treated La2O3 showed better catalytic performance than various rare earth oxides for the reduction of carbonyl compounds. Reaction conditions, precursors, and donor hydrogen sources were also investigated to optimize the hydrogen transfer to furfural in 2-propanol. La2O3 provided a conversion of different carbonyl compounds and selectivity to the corresponding alcohols up to 100% and 99%, respectively. We also investigated a plausible mechanism using in situ IR and found that furfural was adsorbed on the catalyst surface in a different adsorption mode. Meanwhile, La(OH)3, a hydroxide derivative of La2O3 formed during the reaction, was also catalytically active.
Semiotic Processing in Working Memory
Authors: West Donna E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe hitherto unrecognized task of Empirical Semiotics is to identify particular testing procedures which measure qualitative differences in how representations are processed. Elicited imitation (EI) can indicate the nature of the interpretants which hold between sign and object by tapping how meanings are processed in working memory (WM). The way in which linguistic forms are handled in WM reveals striking distinctions between interpretants which express a proposition, as opposed to those which are simply diagrammatic in nature. EI is the soundest method (compared to natural speech, grammatical judgments) to measure qualitative semiotic advances because it measures meaning changes accorded to the sign in WM. Subjects were instructed to provide word associations after each stimulus (twenty-four sentences) to guard against verbatim recall. Repetitions of the advanced groups more often contained meaningful substitutions (words/inflections), whereas word deletions were more often documented in the beginner groups. Findings indicate the propensity of the more advanced L2s to process signs as meaningful propositions – lower proficiency learners illustrating verbatim repetitions in Secondness (associating more diagrammatic interpretants), while more symbolic meanings surfaced (Thirdness) in advanced groups. The EI procedure constitutes the best method of tapping L2s interpretants which mediate sign–object relations.
Example, Metaphor, and Parallelism in the Object
Authors: Jappy Tony 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe paper addresses the origins of Peirce’s innovative theory of the hypoicons from the Lowell Lectures of 1903, metaphor in particular, and seeks to justify Peirce’s definition of these by referring to his later, six-correlate theory of semiosis and the hexadic, 28-class typology it generated. After discussing Peirce’s apparent preference for metaphor over example as the realization of the third and most complex hypoicon, the paper goes on to substantiate in two ways the definition of metaphor as the representation in the sign of a parallelism in the structure of the object represented. First, it shows how the typology of 1908 accommodates the classification of a sign in relation to both dynamic and immediate objects more complex than itself. Second, by drawing on Peirce’s late conception of the object, it shows how the dynamic object can be formed from entities belonging to two or more different universes. At the same time, Peirce’s conception of signs and typologies is shown to evolve from a strictly phenomenological approach to the classification of signs involving three categories as distinguishing criteria in 1903 to an ontological framework characterized by three universes with respect to which the sign and its correlates were referred in classification in 1908.
Social Vulnerability Evaluation for Ankang City, China, using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Method
Authors: Guo Xuesong , Kapucu Naim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process based model was proposed and evaluated for social vulnerability assessment using a case study. The evaluation process is formulated as a multiple criteria decision making problem under uncertainty, where the subjective and imprecise judgements of multiple decision makers are represented as fuzzy numbers. Based on factors extracted from literature review, the researchers determined the factor weights and calculated social vulnerability scores for each county (district) using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method. The researchers demonstrated how the social vulnerability scores of counties (districts) and factor weights change under different uncertainties via sensitivity analysis. The results were comparted with data produced by conventional Analytic Hierarchy Process to test performance of the proposed method. The results show social vulnerability of each county (district) in Ankang City, implying the Urban-Rural Gap exist in current Chinese disaster management system. Most important sub-factors contributing to social vulnerability were also highlighted according to the results on factor weights.
An Analysis of Limiting Cases for the Metal Oxide Film Growth Kinetics Using an Oxygen Defects Model Accounting for Transport and Interfacial Reactions
Authors: Samin Adib J. , Taylor Christopher D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This work was motivated by the need to understand the passivation of metal surfaces to provide resistance against chemical degradation, given that corrosion is a major limiting factor in the operational lifetime of metals and their alloys. In this study, a unified analysis for an oxide growth model was presented. The oxide growth model was consistent with the literature and accounted for the transport of oxygen defects through a growing oxide film, as well as the electrochemical reactions of oxygen defects at the metal/oxide and oxide/environment interfaces. A linear potential profile across the oxide film was assumed. The model was analyzed for different rate limiting steps in the physicochemical process and perturbation techniques were utilized when necessary. The investigation yielded the well-known linear, parabolic, logarithmic and integral rate laws and the conditions that led to these rate laws were discussed.