bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale comparison of flow‐variability dampening by lakes and wetlands in the landscape
Authors: Quin Andrew , Destouni Georgia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConsidering the potential of wetlands to dampen temporal variability of water flow through the landscape, they are increasingly considered as possible nature‐based solutions to mitigate risks of flooding and drought. In this study, we investigate flow variability by means of a flow dampening factor and use observation data from 1984 to 2013 for 82 Swedish catchments to statistically and comparatively analyze the large‐scale effects on this factor of multiple wetlands and lakes in the landscape. The results show good correlation between large‐scale flow dampening and relative area of lakes and floodplain wetlands within a catchment. An increase in relative area up to around 15% for lakes and 0.5% for floodplain wetlands lowers the temporal standard deviation of runoff (R) to around 10%–15% of that for precipitation (P), compared with a common flow‐variability dampening of around 35% for catchments with lake‐wetland area close to zero. Further increase in these relative areas, or in those of wetland types other than floodplain wetlands, has little or no flow dampening effect. The results indicate that the large‐scale flow dampening effect of lakes and floodplain wetlands is mainly due to their water‐storage capacity and less due to their possible effects on the partitioning of P between R and evapotranspiration. Overall, the results emphasize the importance of accounting for the problem scale and relative water‐storage capacity of wetlands when considering their large‐scale efficiency as possible nature‐based solutions for large‐scale flow‐variability regulation in whole catchments.
Green roofs: Effects of plant species used on runoff
Authors: Li XiaoXiao , Cao JunJun , Xu PeiXian , Fei Ling , Dong Qin , Wang ZhaoLong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGreen roofs are becoming a major nature‐based solution worldwide to reduce urban stormwater runoff. Runoff reduction and retention mainly depend on the hydrological characteristics of substrates and the water use strategies of plants. However, little is known about how plant species affect the hydrological performance of green roofs. Two commonly used succulent plants and four turfgrass species were investigated for their impacts on the hydrological performance and runoff reduction of green roof lysimeters under controlled conditions using a rainfall simulator. The results showed that two succulent plants (Sedum lineare and Callisia repens) did not make significant contributions to canopy interception in any of the four seasons and made only minor contributions to evapotranspiration (ET) water loss in autumn and winter, resulting in minor effects on runoff reduction by the green roofs. Festuca arundinacea contributed 47.4–116.7% of water loss via transpiration and 36.5% of runoff reduction under a 25 mm day−1 rainfall intensity in spring and 48.0% of runoff reduction under a 10 mm day−1 rainfall intensity in winter. Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne, and Agrostis stolonifera also significantly reduced runoff. Runoff reductions by extensive green roofs were mainly caused by ET rather than by their canopy interceptions. Plant shoot biomass and ET were the primary factors controlling the runoff reduction by extensive green roofs. Our results strongly suggest that the runoff reduction capacity of extensive green roofs can be greatly improved by selecting plant species with a higher shoot biomass and ET rate.
Deep Brain Stimulation at Variable Frequency to Improve Motor Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Jia Fumin , Wagle Shukla Aparna , Hu Wei , Almeida Leonardo , Holanda Vanessa , Zhang Jianguo , Meng Fangang , Okun Michael S. , Li Luming 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionDeep brain stimulation (DBS) with high frequency (HFS) is a well‐established therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD); however, low frequency DBS (LFS) may control axial symptoms including freezing of gait (FOG). We conducted a pilot safety and feasibility study to examine if a novel DBS paradigm of variable frequency stimulation (VFS) that combined HFS and LFS would capture a broader set of motor symptoms.MethodsFour PD patients with bilateral STN DBS and FOG were enrolled. A UPDRS III and 10 m timed up and go (TUG) task were performed off medications‐off DBS and then one hour after HFS and one hour after VFS programming.ResultsThe UPDRS III motor score improved by additional 14% during VFS setting when compared to HFS. VFS also increased gait speed (mean change 45%) and reduced the number of freezing episodes (mean change 58%).ConclusionsVFS improves UPDRS and FOG in PD when compared to HFS.Copyright © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
4D robust optimization including uncertainties in time structures can reduce the interplay effect in proton pencil beam scanning radiation therapy
Authors: Engwall Erik , Fredriksson Albin , Glimelius Lars 
Published: July 2018

PurposeInterplay effects in proton radiotherapy can create large distortions in the dose distribution and severely degrade the plan quality. Standard methods to mitigate these effects include abdominal compression, gating, and rescanning. We propose a new method to include the time structures of the delivery and organ motion in the framework of four‐dimensional (4D) robust optimization to generate plans that are robust against interplay effects.MethodsThe method considers multiple scenarios reflecting the uncertainties in the delivery and in the organ motion. In each scenario, the pencil beam scanning spots are distributed to different phases of the breathing cycle according to each individual spot time stamp, and a partial beam dose is calculated for each phase. The partial beam doses are accumulated on a reference phase through deformable image registrations. Minimax optimization is performed to take all scenarios into account simultaneously. For simplicity, the uncertainties in this proof of concept study are limited to variations in the breathing pattern. The method is evaluated for three different nonsmall cell lung cancer patients and compared to plans using conventional 4D robust optimization both with and without rescanning. We assess the ability of the method to mitigate distortions from the interplay effect over multiple evaluation scenarios using 4D dose calculations. This interplay evaluation is performed in an experimentally validated framework, which is independent of the optimization in the plan generation step.ResultsFor the three studied patients, 4D optimization including time structures is efficient, especially for large tumor motions, where rescanning of conventional 4D robustly optimized plans is not sufficient to mitigate the interplay effect. The most efficient approach of the new method is achieved when it is combined with rescanning. For the patient with the largest motion, the mean V95% is 99.2% and mean V107% is 3.65% for the best rescanned 4D plan optimized with time structure. This can be compared to conventional 4D optimized plans with mean V95% of 92.7% and mean V107% of 13.1%.ConclusionsThe current study shows the potential of reducing interplay effects in proton pencil beam scanning radiotherapy by incorporating organ motion and delivery characteristics in a 4D robust optimization.
A hierarchical thermo‐hydro‐plastic constitutive model for unsaturated soils and its numerical implementation
Authors: Song Xiaoyu , Wang Kaiqi , Bate Bate 
Published: July 2018

SummaryUnsaturated soils are highly heterogeneous 3‐phase porous media. Variations of temperature, the degree of saturation, and density have dramatic impacts on the hydro‐mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils. To model all these features, we present a thermo‐hydro‐plastic model in which the hydro‐mechanical hardening and thermal softening are incorporated in a hierarchical fashion for unsaturated soils. This novel constitutive model can capture heterogeneities in density, suction, the degree of saturation, and temperature. Specifically, this constitutive model has 2 ingredients: (1) it has a “mesoscale” mechanical state variable—porosity and 3 environmental state variables—suction, the degree of saturation, and temperature; (2) both temperature and mechanical effects on water retention properties are taken into account. The return mapping algorithm is applied to implement this model at Gauss point assuming an infinitesimal strain. At each time step, the return mapping is conducted only in principal elastic strain space, assuming no return mapping in suction and temperature. The numerical results obtained by this constitutive model are compared with the experimental results. It shows that the proposed model can simulate the thermo‐hydro‐mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils with satisfaction. We also conduct shear band analysis of an unsaturated soil specimen under plane strain condition to demonstrate the impact of temperature variation on shear banding triggered by initial material heterogeneities.
Iterative solvers for generalized finite element solution of boundary‐value problems
Authors: Mohamed M Shadi , Seaid Mohammed , Bouhamidi Abderrahman 
Published: July 2018

SummaryMost of generalized finite element methods use dense direct solvers for the resulting linear systems. This is mainly the case due to the ill‐conditioned linear systems that are associated with these methods. In this study, we investigate the performance of a class of iterative solvers for the generalized finite element solution of time‐dependent boundary‐value problems. A fully implicit time‐stepping scheme is used for the time integration in the finite element framework. As enrichment, we consider a combination of exponential functions based on an approximation of the internal boundary layer in the problem under study. As iterative solvers, we consider the changing minimal residual method based on the Hessenberg reduction and the generalized minimal residual method. Compared with dense direct solvers, the iterative solvers achieve high accuracy and efficiency at low computational cost and less storage as only matrix–vector products are involved in their implementation. Two test examples for boundary‐value problems in two space dimensions are used to assess the performance of the iterative solvers. Comparison to dense direct solvers widely used in the framework of generalized finite element methods is also presented. The obtained results demonstrate the ability of the considered iterative solvers to capture the main solution features. It is also illustrated for the first time that this class of iterative solvers can be efficient in solving the ill‐conditioned linear systems resulting from the generalized finite element methods for time domain problems.
The subtleties of stress: A comparative analysis of skeletal lesions between the Medieval and post‐Medieval Black Friars cemetery population (13th to 17th centuries)
Authors: Scott Amy B. , Hoppa Robert D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe study of stress from an osteological perspective is challenging as we use skeletal remains to explore the lived experience and patterns of health. As an intricate overlap of multiple biological processes, the stress response system guides our understanding of how and why stress manifests as it does. Using traditional osteological methods of stress analysis, specifically cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and enamel hypoplastic lesions, this study focuses on the relationship between these indicators to explore differences in stress manifestation in the Medieval and post‐Medieval periods in Denmark. Using the Black Friars cemetery population (13th–17th centuries), results show an increase in stress from the Medieval into the post‐Medieval period likely dictated by the strains of urbanism on a predominantly poor population. Additionally, a younger mean age at death was noted when multiple mild–moderate indicators were present as compared with one severe indicator being present. A recognition of the intricacies of the stress response effectively aids in the exploration of stress manifestation and the relationship, if any, between these well‐used skeletal indicators.
Reduced expression of the RNA‐binding protein HuD in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors correlates with low p27Kip1 levels and poor prognosis
Authors: Kim Chongtae , Jeong Da Eun , Heo Sungeun , Ji Eunbyul , Rho Jun Gi , Jung Myeongwoo , Ahn Sojin , Kim Ye‐Jin , Kim Yong‐Sung , Nam Suk Woo , Kulkarni Rohit N , Lee Kyoung Bun , Lee Eun Kyung , Kim Wook 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor the majority of patients diagnosed with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), there is significant malignant potential with a poor prognosis; however, the molecular abnormalities and pathogenesis of pancreatic NETs have not been firmly established. Here, we report that loss of expression of the RNA‐binding protein HuD correlates with low p27Kip1 (p27) levels and poor prognosis in pancreatic NETs. HuD expression was frequently lost in many human pancreatic NETs, and these pancreatic NETs showed aggressive clinicopathological phenotypes with low p27 levels, increased tumor size, higher World Health Organization grade and pT stage of the tumor, and the presence of angioinvasion. Furthermore, loss of HuD was an independent, progression‐free prognostic factor in multivariate survival analysis. However, the level of HuR, a member of the same Hu protein family as HuD, was not significantly correlated with pancreatic NET size and progression. Mechanistically, HuD enhanced p27 mRNA translation by interacting with both the 5′‐untranslated region (UTR) and the 3′‐UTR of p27 mRNA, and consequently suppressed cell cycle progression and tumor growth. In addition, HuD competed with miR‐30a‐3p for binding to the 3′‐UTR of p27 mRNA, suggesting an interplay between HuD and miR‐30a‐3p in controlling p27 translation. Our results identify HuD as a pivotal suppressor of pancreatic NET growth, and suggest that HuD has potential value as a prognostic factor of pancreatic NETs. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biallelic tumour suppressor loss and DNA repair defects in de novo small‐cell prostate carcinoma
Authors: Chedgy Edmund CP , Vandekerkhove Gillian , Herberts Cameron , Annala Matti , Donoghue Adam J , Sigouros Michael , Ritch Elie , Struss Werner , Konomura Saki , Liew Janet , Parimi Sunil , Vergidis Joanna , Hurtado‐Coll Antonio , Sboner Andrea , Fazli Ladan , Beltran Himisha , Chi Kim N , Wyatt Alexander W 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSmall‐cell prostate carcinoma (SCPC) is an aggressive malignancy that is managed similarly to small‐cell lung cancer. SCPC can evolve from prostate adenocarcinoma in response to androgen deprivation therapy, but, in rare cases, is present at initial cancer diagnosis. The molecular aetiology of de novo SCPC is incompletely understood, owing to the scarcity of tumour tissue and the short life‐expectancy of patients. Through a retrospective search of our regional oncology pharmacy database, we identified 18 patients diagnosed with de novo SCPC between 2004 and 2017. Ten patients had pure SCPC pathology, and the remainder had some admixed adenocarcinoma foci, but all were treated with first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy. The median overall survival was 28 months. We performed targeted DNA sequencing, whole exome sequencing and mRNA profiling on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded archival tumour tissue. We observed frequent biallelic deletion and/or mutation of the tumour suppressor genes TP53, RB1, and PTEN, similarly to what was found in treatment‐related SCPC. Indeed, at the RNA level, pure de novo SCPC closely resembled treatment‐related SCPC. However, five patients had biallelic loss of DNA repair genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, and MSH2/6, potentially underlying the high genomic instability of this rare disease variant. Two patients with pure de novo SCPC harboured ETS gene rearrangements involving androgen‐driven promoters, consistent with the evolution of de novo SCPC from an androgen‐driven ancestor. Overall, our results reveal a highly aggressive molecular landscape that underlies this unusual pathological variant, and suggest opportunities for targeted therapy strategies in a disease with few treatment options. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Panobinostat inhibits the proliferation of CD34+CD38−cells under stimulation of hematopoietic growth factors on AGM‐S3 cells in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Kurata Takashi , Matsuda Kazuyuki , Hirabayashi Koichi , Shigemura Tomonari , Sakashita Kazuo , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Koike Kenichi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundEncouraging responses to histone deacetylase inhibitors have been reported for hematologic malignancies. Here, we report effects of panobinostat and 5‐azacytidine on the proliferation of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) CD34+ cells.ProcedureWe previously reported that stimulation of JMML CD34+ cells with stem cell factor and thrombopoietin on irradiated murine AGM‐S3 cells led to substantial expansion of JMML CD34+ cells that contained leukemic stem cells capable of transplantation into immunodeficient mice. Using this culture system, we evaluated effects of panobinostat and 5‐azacytidine on the proliferation of JMML CD34+ cells.ResultsPanobinostat dose dependently reduced the numbers of day 7 CD34+ cells generated under stimulation of hematopoietic growth factors on AGM‐S3 cells in all eight patients with JMML. These patients possessed various genetic and/or karyotypic abnormalities. CD34+CD38− cells were substantially more sensitive to panobinostat at 10 and 20 nM than CD34+CD38+ cells. Panobinostat, however, failed to influence the ability of AGM‐S3 cells to stimulate JMML CD34+ cell production. In contrast to HL60 cells, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in panobinostat‐mediated inhibition were at low levels in JMML. The inhibitor also suppressed the factor‐dependent proliferation of normal CD34+ cells on AGM‐S3 cells. Meanwhile, no substantial inhibitory effects of 5‐azacytidine on the growth of JMML CD34+ cells were observed.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that panobinostat directly suppresses the growth of JMML CD34+ cells, in particular CD34+CD38− cells, regardless of the genetic abnormality type, suggesting that it is a useful antileukemic drug to target JMML stem cells at a pretransplant stage.
Examining correlates of teacher receptivity to social influence strategies within a school consultation relationship
Authors: Owens Julie Sarno , Allan Darcey M. , Hustus Chelsea , Erchul William P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSuccessful school consultation depends largely on the consultant's ability to influence teacher behavior and the teacher's receptivity to that influence. The goal of this study was to examine correlates of teacher receptivity to social influence strategies within school consultation. Participants were 365 general education teachers (K‐5) recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Teachers completed questionnaires that included (1) three subscales of the modified Consultee/Teacher Version of the Interpersonal Power Inventory assessing soft social influence strategies; and measures assessing (2) personality constructs; (3) knowledge of behavior modification and mental health literacy; (4) need for cognition and beliefs about student behavior and interventions; and (5) work‐related stress. As expected, the subscales of the modified Interpersonal Power Inventory had acceptable internal consistency (alphas > .70). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that teacher beliefs, need for cognition, and the interaction between need for cognition and stress, were significantly positively associated with receptivity to positive expert and direct information influences, after accounting for personality characteristics. These relationships were not found for receptivity to positive referent influences. Instead, knowledge of behavioral principles was negatively associated with this social influence. Results are discussed in relation to consultation research and practice.
Silybum marianum (milk thistle) and its main constituent, silymarin, as a potential therapeutic plant in metabolic syndrome: A review
Authors: Tajmohammadi Atefeh , Razavi Bibi Marjan , Hosseinzadeh Hossein 
Published: July 2018

Metabolic syndrome describes a complex metabolic risk factors including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. This syndrome is diagnosed by medical conditions such as weight gain, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, and disturbance in lipid profile. Metabolic syndrome has become as an important and increasing global health problem, so finding potentially novel solutions with less adverse effects is favorable for health problems. Herbal therapy plays an important role for treatment of different diseases. Silybum marianum is a plant that is used for centuries as a herbal treatment in liver and biliary tract diseases. Silymarin is the main component of S. marianum and derived from fruits and seeds of S. marianum (milk thistle). S. marianum has been found to exhibit antioxidant, lipid‐lowering, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic, anti‐obesity, and hepatoprotective effects. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize different animal and human studies regarding the effect of S. marianum in metabolic syndrome and to identify the underlying mechanisms of action.
Measurement and analysis of vibration levels for express logistics transportation in South China
Authors: Zhou Hao , Wang Zhi‐Wei 
Published: July 2018

Trunk transportation and terminal distribution are two important parts of express delivery in China. Heavy truck and medium truck are two main vehicles of trunk transportation. Mini van and two‐wheel electric bicycle are widely used for terminal distribution. Four vehicles mentioned previously and a sedan car were chosen for vibration level measurement and analysis in this paper. The results revealed that vibration levels were significantly higher in the vertical axis, and decreased with the increase of payload, and increased with the increase of speed again. Similar power spectral density peak frequencies were found in a comparison study with previous results in the low‐frequency region (1‐10 Hz), occurred at approximately 2 Hz in the van and sedan car and at 3 to 4 Hz in the truck and at 4 to 5 Hz in the two‐wheel electric bicycle. Except the two‐wheel electric bicycle, the second peak frequency occurred at approximately 20 to 30 Hz in the sedan car and at 10 to 20 Hz in the mini van and at 20 to 40 Hz in the heavy truck, which were also similar to the previous studies. Vibration levels of the sedan car were the lowest, and the trunk transportation vehicles (heavy truck, medium truck) were the highest. The terminal distribution vehicles (mini van, two‐wheel electric bicycle) were somewhere in the middle.