bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain moderators supporting the relationship between depressive mood and pain
Authors: Adler-Neal Adrienne L. , Emerson Nichole M. , Farris Suzan R. , Jung Youngkyoo , Coghill Robert C. , Zeidan Fadel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Pain and depressive mood commonly exhibit a comorbid relationship. Yet, the brain mechanisms that moderate the relationship between dysphoric mood and pain remain unknown. An exploratory analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging, behavioral, and psychophysical data was collected from a previous study in 76 healthy, nondepressed, and pain-free individuals. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI), a measure of negative mood/depressive symptomology, and provided pain intensity and pain unpleasantness ratings in response to noxious heat (49°C) during perfusion-based, arterial spin–labeled functional magnetic resonance imaging. Moderation analyses were conducted to determine neural mechanisms involved in facilitating the hypothesized relationship between depressive mood and pain sensitivity. Higher BDI-II scores were positively associated with pain intensity (R
2 = 0.10; P = 0.006) and pain unpleasantness (R
2 = 0.12; P = 0.003) ratings. There was a high correlation between pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings (r = 0.94; P < 0.001); thus, brain moderation analyses were focused on pain intensity ratings. Individuals with higher levels of depressive mood exhibited heightened sensitivity to experimental pain. Greater activation in regions supporting the evaluation of pain (ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; anterior insula) and sensory-discrimination (secondary somatosensory cortex; posterior insula) moderated the relationship between higher BDI-II scores and pain intensity ratings. This study demonstrates that executive-level and sensory-discriminative brain mechanisms play a multimodal role in facilitating the bidirectional relationship between negative mood and pain.
What is normal trauma healing and what is complex regional pain syndrome I? An analysis of clinical and experimental biomarkers
Authors: Dietz Christopher , Müller Maike , Reinhold Ann-Kristin , Karch Lisa , Schwab Bernhard , Forer Lukas , Vlckova Eva , Brede Elmar-Marc , Jakubietz Rafael , Üçeyler Nurcan , Meffert Rainer , Bednarik Josef , Kress Michaela , Sommer Claudia , Dimova Violeta , Birklein Frank , Rittner Heike L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) typically develops after fracture or trauma. Many of the studies so far have analyzed clinical and molecular markers of CRPS in comparison with healthy or pain controls. This approach, however, neglects mechanisms occurring during physiological trauma recovery. Therefore, we compared the clinical phenotype, sensory profiles, patient-reported outcomes, and exosomal immunobarrier microRNAs (miRs) regulating barrier function and immune response between CRPS and fracture controls (FCs) not fulfilling the CRPS diagnostic criteria. We included upper-extremity FCs, acute CRPS I patients within 1 year after trauma, a second disease control group (painful diabetic polyneuropathy), and healthy controls. Fracture controls were not symptoms-free, but reported some pain, disability, anxiety, and cold pain hyperalgesia in quantitative sensory testing. Patients with CRPS had higher scores for pain, disability, and all patient-reported outcomes. In quantitative sensory testing, ipsilateral and contralateral sides differed significantly. However, on the affected side, patients with CRPS were more sensitive in only 3 parameters (pinprick pain and blunt pressure) when compared to FCs. Two principal components were identified in the cohort: pain and psychological parameters distinguishing FC and CPRS. Furthermore, the immunobarrier-protective hsa-miR-223-5p was increased in plasma exosomes in FCs with normal healing, but not in CRPS and healthy controls. Low hsa-miR-223-5p was particularly observed in subjects with edema pointing towards barrier breakdown. In summary, normal trauma healing includes some CRPS signs and symptoms. It is the combination of different factors that distinguish CRPS and FC. Fracture control as a control group can assist to discover resolution factors after trauma.
The effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the treatment of moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis and cartilage lesion
Authors: Xu Yongming , Wu Kun , Liu Yu , Geng Huan , Zhang Haochong , Liu Shuitao , Qu Hongying , Xing Gengyan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background:
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a major cause leading to chronic bone and muscle pain. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been applied in treating KOA in recent years.

Methods:
From April 2016 to April 2017, 82 patients were diagnosed with KOA that received ESWT were selected as the ESWT group. The treatment parameters were as follows, 2.0 bar, 0.25 mJ/mm2, and 8 Hz/s for twice a week for 4 weeks continuously. In addition, 104 patients receiving oral administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from April 2015 to April 2016 were also selected as the NSAIDs group. At 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks upon the completion of treatment, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) were adopted to evaluate the changes in pain and function of patients in both groups. For the ESWT group, the 50-m quick walk time and gait analysis were applied to observe the functional recovery at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks upon the completion of treatment; meanwhile, patients were followed up by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 24 weeks upon the completion of treatment, so as to observe the cartilage changes.

Results:
Differences in VAS, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment were statistically significant compared with that before treatment (4.59 ± 0.5, P < .05; 2.55 ± 0.5, P < .05; 4.39 ± 0.49, P < .05). Differences in 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment were statistically significant compared with that before treatment (90.41 ± 6.64, P < .05; 59.94 ± 3.19, P < .05; 90.49 ± 6.87, P < .05). Gait analysis suggested differences in 50 m walk time, walking speed, swing phase, and stance phase 8 weeks after treatment were statistically significant compared with that before treatment (36.23 ± 4.08, P < .05; 1.25 ± 0.09, P < .05; 58.56 ± 0.87, P < .05; 41.44 ± 0.87, P < .05). Differences in the VAS and WOMAC at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment between ESWT group and NASIDs group were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
The ESWT has potential in reducing pain and improving knee function, and the therapeutic effects may peak at 8 weeks after the completion of treatment. Further research is needed to arrive at a definitive conclusion.
Mining and validating the expression pattern and prognostic value of acetylcholine receptors in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ma Guoyuan , Ji Delin , Qu Xiao , Liu Shaorui , Yang Xudong , Wang Guanghui , Liu Qi , Du Jiajun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), are highly expressed in bronchial epithelial cells.
We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set to evaluate the expression pattern and prognostic value of the AChR gene family in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The mined data was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
The survival analysis of TCGA data set showed that only CHRNA7 in the AChR gene family affected prognosis in both lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, qRT-PCR proved that CHRNA7 was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues compared with matched normal tissues at mRNA level (P = .001). The expression level of α7 nAChR (encoded by CHRNA7) in 141 patients was measured by IHC and a high expression of α7 nAChR was associated with unfavorable prognosis (P = .008). Multivariate analysis showed that α7 nAChR was an independent prognostic factor (HR = 2.041; 95% CI 1.188-3.506; P = .007).
α7 nAChR was upregulated in NSCLC and was associated with unfavorable prognosis. This gene may be a potential target for lung cancer treatment.
Retinal and choroidal abnormalities identified by multispectral imaging in patients with uveitis
Authors: Feng Lei , Fan Gong-Lin , Zhang Jie , Wang Xiao , Zhu Jiang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Multispectral imaging (MSI) shows increasing strengths in detection of retinal and choroidal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of javascript:void(0), detecting retinal and choroidal abnormalities of uveitis which have not been described previously.

Patient concerns:
The first case was a 49-year-old male patient who presented with visual disturbance and metamorphopsia in both eyes for 5 days, companying by a history of headache and hearing loss recently. The second case was related to a 45-year-old female patient who complained of blurred vision and a dark shadow before her right eye for 3 months. The third case corresponded to a 36-year-old male patient who presented with blurred vision and slight pain in his left eye for >1 week, and his blood tested positive for syphilis.

Diagnosis:
Three Chinese patients with representative kind of uveitis were described in the study, including Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome, posterior uveitis with choroidal neovascularization, and syphilis-infected uveitis. Each affected eye had corresponding retinal and choroidal abnormalities evaluated by multiple ophthalmologic examinations.

Interventions:
Case 1 was treated with oral prednisone at a dose of 1 mg/kg/d started at the early stage and then slowed tapering of the prednisone dose based on follow-up examinations. Case 2 received anti-VEGF treatment. Case 3 received the standard treatment for neurosyphilis.

Outcomes:
Due to timely diagnosis and treatment, all patients had a better prognosis.

Conclusion:
MSI provides a novel way to view retinal and choroidal abnormalities of uveitis, and may provide a supplemental method to morphological changes.
Treatment of open chest rib fractures with the matrix rib internal fixation system
Authors: Feng Kan , Yin Degang , Zheng Wujun , Yu Xiaojun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Rib fractures are common among patients with blunt chest wall trauma and often represent life-altering injuries.

Patient concerns:
A 31-year-old woman presented with right chest trauma, with pain and bleeding as a result of a traffic accident 1 hour previously.

Diagnoses:
Chest computed tomography showed open chest trauma, multiple rib fractures, flail chest, hemopneumothorax, and lung contusion on the right side.

Interventions:
We decided to perform debridement via emergency, thoracoscopic exploration to remove blood and contaminants from the chest cavity. Thereafter, the third to seventh fractured ribs were fixed and reconstructed using the matrix rib internal fixation system, followed by suturing of the incision according to the original anatomical level.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged 15 days after surgery, and recovered well with satisfactory results.

Lessons:
We believe that initial chest reconstruction with internal fixation in the first stage following thorough debridement may be suitable for treating flail chest, and could save the patient's life in the early stages. However, the decision to perform the first-stage operation for the open contaminated wound should be carefully considered.
Identification of pathogenic mutations in 6 Chinese families with multiple exostoses by whole-exome sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification
Authors: Long Xigui , Li Zhuo , Huang Yanru , Zhang Li , Lv Weigang , Teng Yanling , Linpeng Siyuan , Liang Desheng , Wu Lingqian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Hereditary multiple exostoses (HMEs) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder.

Patient concerns:
Six probands of the 6 unrelated Han Chinese families were identified as having HME. These patients had exostoses at multiple sites and significantly affected joints malformation and movement.

Diagnoses:
Hereditary multiple exostoses.

Interventions:
To detect the genetic mechanism of HME in 6 unrelated Chinese families, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) were used after genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes. Point mutations identified by these methods were verified by Sanger sequencing after PCR amplification.

Outcomes:
Six mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes were identified, including a heterozygous deletion mutation from exon 2 to exon 8 (Family 1), a c.448C>T, p.(Gln150X) heterozygous nonsense mutation (Family 4), a c.1057-2A>T heterozygous splicing substitution (Family 5), and a c.1468dupC, p.(Leu490fs519X) (Family 6) heterozygous duplication mutation in the EXT1 gene in addition to a heterozygous deletion mutation from exon 2 to exon 3 (Family 2) and a c.1197C>G, p.(Tyr399X) heterozygous nonsense mutation (Family 3) in the EXT2 gene.

Lessons:
Overall, we identified 5 novel mutations and 1 recurrent mutation in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes in 6 Chinese families with HME. Our findings expand the mutational spectrum of the EXT1 and EXT2 genes and are useful for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
Scrambler therapy for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain
Authors: Lee Yeon Sil , Park Min Ki , Park Hahck Soo , Kim Won-Joong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Neuropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus often does not respond well to conventional therapy. Scrambler therapy may be an alternative treatment for otherwise intractable neuropathy.

Patient concerns:
A 45-year-old female complained of bilateral plantar foot pain. She had been treated for diabetes mellitus for 5 years. Oral analgesics did not resolve her pain. Even nerve block therapy did not adequately relieve her pain.

Diagnoses:
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Intervention:
Scrambler therapy.

Outcome:
Pain reduction; the treatment effect was based around the location of the scrambler patch.

Lessons:
Scrambler therapy is effective for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Moreover, effective pain management can be achieved for patients who complain of general pain of the sole, including the toe, by attaching scrambler patches around the ankle.
Associations between serum apolipoproteins, urinary albumin excretion rate, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chung Jin Ook , Park Seon-Young , Cho Dong Hyeok , Chung Dong Jin , Chung Min Young 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The published data regarding the role of serum apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apoB, and the apoB/A-I ratio in the risk of diabetic retinopathy remain inconsistent, and there is limited information about the effect of renal status on their associations in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum apoA-I, apoB, and the apoB/A-I ratio are associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes and to explore whether the relationships between these apolipoproteins and diabetic retinopathy are modified by urinary albumin excretion rate (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
In total, 1215 individuals with type 2 diabetes were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum levels of apoA-I and apoB and the apoB/apoA-I ratio were measured. A logistic regression model was performed to explore associations of apolipoproteins with retinopathy.
Individuals with diabetic retinopathy had significantly lower levels of serum apoA-I and higher apoB/apoA-I ratio than those without diabetic retinopathy. In the multivariable analyses, the associations between apoA-I and diabetic retinopathy and between the apoB/apoA-I ratio and diabetic retinopathy were statistically significant after adjustment for the traditional risk factors (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation [SD] increase in the log-transformed value; 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI); 0.32 to 0.97, P = .038; OR per SD increase in the log-transformed value; 2.83, 95% CI; 1.18 to 6.76, P = .019; respectively). Additional adjustments for UACR or eGFR removed the significant associations.
In individuals with type 2 diabetes, serum apoA-I and the apoB/apoA-I ratio are associated with presence of diabetic retinopathy, which might be attributable to the correlated changes in UACR and eGFR.
Autoimmune encephalitis with anti-IgLON5 and anti-GABAB-receptor antibodies
Authors: Chung Ha-Yeun , Wickel Jonathan , Voss Annika , Ceanga Mihai , Sell Josefine , Witte Otto W. , Geis Christian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Anti-IgLON5 disease is a complex neurological illness which is characterized by progressive sleep and movement disorders and defined by specific autoantibodies to IgLON5. We here describe the first case of a patient with coexisting anti-IgLON5 as well as anti-γ-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB)-receptor antibodies and predominant clinical features of anti-IgLON5 disease.

Patient concerns:
The patient initially presented with subacute symptoms of severe sleep disorder, gait stability, dysarthria, cognitive impairment, depressive episode and hallucinations.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis, based on clinical features and positive anti-IgLON5 antibodies in serum as well as in cerebrospinal fluid and anti-GABAB-receptor antibodies in serum only.

Interventions:
Initially, the patient was treated with high dosages of methylprednisolone and subsequently with plasmapheresis. Due to the lack of clinical improvement immunosuppressive treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide was initiated.

Outcomes:
Following the first year of cyclophosphamide treatment, neurological examination revealed an improvement in gait instability, visual and acoustic hallucinations and sleep disorder.

Lessons:
The case report demonstrates that anti-IgLON5 and anti-GABAB-receptor antibodies can coexist in the same patient whereas clinical leading symptoms are determined by those antibodies that were tested positive in cerebrospinal fluid.
Association between outdoor air pollution and semen quality
Authors: Zhang Jianzhong , Cai Zhonglin , Yang Bin , Li Hongjun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background:
Various studies have explored the association between outdoor air pollution and semen quality. However, the results were still controversial. The object of the current meta-analysis is to evaluate the role of outdoor air pollution in semen quality.

Methods:
Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase will be searched to identify qualified studies. All qualified cross-sectional studies researching the association between outdoor air pollution and sperm parameters will be included. Relative data in participants under higher exposure and lower exposure to air pollution will be extracted by 2 investigators independently. Only participants under the highest and the lowest exposure will be enrolled if the original study contained more than 2 exposure levels. The semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, and normal morphology rate will be the primary outcomes of the current study. Pooled estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals will be calculated to assess the specific effects of outdoor air pollution in semen quality. Moreover, trial sequential analyses will be performed to obtain a more comprehensive assessment of analyses.

Results:
A high-quality synthesis of the current evidence for the association between sperm parameters and outdoor air pollution will be provided.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis and systematic review will generate evidence for judging whether outdoor air pollution can impair semen quality.

PROSPERO registration number:
PROSPERO CRD 42019126060
KLHL3 single-nucleotide polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension in Chinese Han population
Authors: Li Jin , Hu Jing , Xiang Dingcheng , Ji Bo , Xu Suowen , Shi Lei , Zhao Shujin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Hypertension, including secondary and essential hypertension (EH) variants, is a multifactorial disease, affecting more than one billion people worldwide. Secondary hypertension results from mutations in the putative gene KLHL3 (Kelch-like protein 3); however, it has not been reported whether the KLHL3 gene polymorphisms are associated with EH. Here, we investigated the association between KLHL3 (rs2301708 and rs7444370) polymorphisms and EH in the Chinese Han population.
This case–control study included 522 subjects—260 patients with EH and 262 normotensive controls matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and levels of Na+, K+, and Cl−. The distribution of functional rs2301708 and rs7444370 polymorphisms within the KLHL3 gene was assessed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
There was no significant difference in allelic and genotypic frequencies of KLHL3 rs2301708 between the EH and normotensive groups; however, the rs7444370 T allele and CT genotype in females was significantly associated with a protective effect against EH (P = .001, P = .002; P = .019, P = .052), and the haplotype CT of rs2301708 and rs7444370 among females in the EH group was less than in the normotensive group (P = .000; P = .007).
The KLHL3 rs7444370 variant could be a protective factor in the pathogenesis of females’ EH.
Health Information–seeking Behaviors and Preferences of a Diverse, Multilingual Urban Cohort
Authors: Khoong Elaine C. , Le Gem M. , Hoskote Mekhala , Rivadeneira Natalie A. , Hiatt Robert A. , Sarkar Urmimala 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:
In order to address health disparities, it is important to understand how vulnerable individuals seek information. This study used an adapted version of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) administered in English, Spanish, and Chinese to describe the behaviors and preferences of a diverse group of vulnerable urban residents.

Methods:
We administered a modified HINTS survey in English, Spanish, and Chinese and used purposive sampling to ensure 50% were non-English speakers evenly divided between Spanish and Chinese speakers, and 50% of English-speakers identified as Black. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine characteristics associated with sources used for health information and preferences for delivery of health information.

Results:
Among 1027survey respondents (514 English, 256 Spanish, 260 Chinese), 55% had adequate health literacy, and 50% reported household income <$20,000, but 77% reported owning a smartphone. A plurality sought health information on the Internet (39%) or from a health care provider (36%). In multivariable analyses, smartphone ownership predicted higher odds of seeking health information on the Internet [odds ratio, (OR) 2.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.81–4.91]. Participants most preferred email (41%) and brochures (40%) for delivery of health information, but non-English survey respondents were less likely to prefer email: Spanish (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.11–0.83) and Chinese (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09–0.71). Smartphone ownership predicted an email preference (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.43–3.36).

Conclusions:
Among vulnerable populations, smartphone ownership and language preferences impact preferences for seeking and receiving health information. These preferences need to be considered in designing health messages.