bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urethrotomy in combination with or after temporary tube cystostomy for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in male goats
Authors: Jacobs Carrie C. , Fecteau Marie‐Eve 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report the clinical findings, outcome, and complications associated with urethrotomy performed in combination with or after temporary tube cystostomy for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in male goats.Study designRetrospective case series.Sample populationCastrated male goats (n = 15).MethodsThe medical records of male goats admitted for obstructive urolithiasis were reviewed. Goats that underwent aurethrotomy performed in combination with or after a temporary tube cystostomy were included in the study population. Follow‐up information was obtained through hospital records and telephone communication.ResultsThirteen of 15 goats were discharged from the hospital a median of 13 days (range, 7–25) after urethrotomy. Complications related to the urinary system occurred in 5 goats and included recurrent obstruction, urination from open urethrotomy, uroabdomen and intra‐abdominal adhesions after removal of the Foley catheter, and incisional infection. Five of 7 goats with long‐term follow‐up (2–24 months after surgery) were healthy, with normal urinary function. The remaining 2 goats returned to the hospital with signs of reobstruction that were attributed to uroliths at necropsy in 1 goat.ConclusionGoats treated with urethrotomy for persistent urethral obstruction after temporary tube cystostomy generally survived the procedure. Normal long‐term urinary function was obtained in some goats, although recurrence was the most common complication.Clinical significanceUrethrotomy is a surgical option for male goats with persistent urethral obstruction due to urethral calculi after temporary tube cystostomy.
The effects of magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Afzali Hassan , Jafari Kashi Amir Hosein , Momen‐Heravi Mansooreh , Razzaghi Reza , Amirani Elaheh , Bahmani Fereshteh , Gilasi Hamid Reza , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study was carried out to determine the effects of magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The current randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted among 57 patients with grade 3 DFU. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to take either 250 mg magnesium oxide plus 400 IU vitamin E (n = 29) or placebo per day (n = 28) for 12 weeks. Compared with the placebo, taking magnesium plus vitamin E supplements reduced ulcer length (β [difference in the mean of outcomes measures between treatment groups] −0.56 cm; 95% CI, −0.92, −0.20; p = 0.003), width (β −0.35 cm; 95% CI, −0.64, −0.05; p = 0.02) and depth (β −0.18 cm; 95% CI, −0.33, −0.02; p = 0.02). In addition, co‐supplementation led to a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (β −13.41 mg/dL; 95% CI, −20.96, −5.86; p = 0.001), insulin (β −1.45 μIU/ml; 95% CI, −2.37, −0.52; p = 0.003), insulin resistance (β −0.60; 95% CI, −0.99, −0.20; p = 0.003) and HbA1c (β −0.32%; 95% CI, −0.48, −0.16; p < 0.003), and a significant elevation in insulin sensitivity (β 0.007; 95% CI, 0.003, 0.01; p < 0.001) compared with the placebo. Additionally, compared with the placebo, taking magnesium plus vitamin E supplements decreased triglycerides (β −10.08 mg/dL; 95% CI, −19.70, −0.46; p = 0.04), LDL‐cholesterol (β −5.88 mg/dL; 95% CI, −11.42, −0.34; p = 0.03), high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) (β −3.42 mg/L; 95% CI, −4.44, −2.41; p < 0.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (β −0.30 μmol/L; 95% CI, −0.45, −0.15; p < 0.001), and increased HDL‐cholesterol (β 2.62 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.60, 4.63; p = 0.01) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (β 53.61 mmol/L; 95% CI, 4.65, 102.57; p = 0.03). Overall, magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation for 12 weeks to patients with DFU had beneficial effects on ulcer size, glycemic control, triglycerides, LDL‐ and HDL‐cholesterol, hs‐CRP, TAC, and MDA levels.
Danish Translation and Adaptation of the Context Assessment Index With Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Hølge‐Hazelton Bibi , Bruun Line Zacho , Slater Paul , McCormack Brendan , Thomsen Thora Grothe , Klausen Susanne Hwiid , Bucknall Tracey 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare contexts are rapidly changing, with growing demand for health services to accommodate an aging population and financial pressures. Assessment of context in healthcare settings has been the subject of increasing debate. The Context Assessment Index (CAI) examines three interconnected contextual elements derived from the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework to provide practitioners with an understanding of the context in which they work.Aims(a) To describe the translation of the CAI into Danish and adapt the instrument for use in Danish hospitals and (b) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Danish version of the CAI.MethodsTranslation and adaptation included an expert panel and a translation and back‐translation process. The CAI was then sent to 4,416 nurses in the Region Zealand, Denmark.There are two alternative measurement models to explain the factor structure of the CAI, the five‐factor model and the three‐factor model. To provide the best explanation for the data, both measurement models were examined using confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsThe CAI was translated and modified based on expert review and usability testing. Completing the CAI were 2,261 nurses. For both models, factor loadings and fit statistics were acceptable, appropriate, and statistically significant, and the measurement models were confirmed (five‐factor model: root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] 0.07, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.923; three‐factor model: RMSEA 0.07, CFI = 0.924). Cronbach's alpha scores showed the models to have broadly acceptable scores (five‐factor model 0.64–0.89; three‐factor model 0.72–0.89).Linking Evidence to ActionThe three‐factor model can advantageously be used when the PARIHS framework is part of the project. In a translation process, differences in cultural specificity, language, and working environment have to be considered. By understanding the context of practice, nurses may enable person‐centered care and improve patient outcomes.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Struck Christopher J. 
Published: January 2019

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes a catalog of Acoustical American National Standards. To receive a copy of the latest Standards catalog, please contact asastds@acousticalsociety.org.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America are available via the ASA home page: http://acousticalsociety.org.
Under-reporting of diagnosed tuberculosis to the national surveillance system in China: an inventory study in nine counties in 2015
Authors: Li Tao , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Soe Kyaw Thu , Rainey Jeanette J. , Zhang Hui , Du Xin , Wang Lixia 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThe WHO estimates that almost 40% of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) are not reported. We implemented this study to assess TB under-reporting and delayed treatment registration in nine counties in China.DesignA retrospective inventory study (record review).SettingCounties were selected using purposive sampling from nine provinces distributed across eastern, central and western regions of China in 2015.Primary and secondary outcome measuresUnder-reporting was calculated as the percentage of patients with TB not reported to TB Information Management System (TBIMS) within 6 months of diagnosis. Delayed registration was estimated as the percentage of reported cases initiating treatment 7 or more days after diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression and an alpha level of 0.05 were used to examine factors associated with these outcomes.ResultsOf the 5606 patients with TB identified from project health facilities and social insurance systems, 1082 (19.3%) were not reported to TBIMS. Of the 4524 patients successfully reported, 1416 (31.3%) were not registered for treatment within 7 days of diagnosis. Children, TB pleurisy, patients diagnosed in the eastern and central regions and patients with a TB diagnosis recorded in either health facilities or social insurance system—but not both—were statistically more likely to be unreported. Delayed treatment registration was more likely for previously treated patients with TB, patients with negative or unknown sputum results and for patients diagnosed in the eastern region.ConclusionAlmost one in every five patients diagnosed with TB in this study was unknown to local or national TB control programmes. We recommend strengthening TB data management practices, particularly in the eastern and central regions, and developing specific guidelines for reporting paediatric TB and TB pleurisy. Patient education and follow-up by diagnosing facilities could improve timely treatment registration. Additional studies are needed to assess under-reporting elsewhere in China.
Development of a binational thyroid cancer clinical quality registry: a protocol paper
Authors: Ioannou Liane J , Serpell Jonathan , Dean Joanne , Bendinelli Cino , Gough Jenny , Lisewski Dean , Miller Julie A , Meyer-Rochow Win , Sidhu Stan , Topliss Duncan , Walters David , Zalcberg John , Ahern Susannah 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionThe occurrence of thyroid cancer is increasing throughout the developed world and since the 1990s has become the fastest increasing malignancy. In 2014, a total of 2693 Australians and 302 New Zealanders were diagnosed with thyroid cancer, with this number projected to rise to 3650 in 2018. The purpose of this protocol is to establish a binational population-based clinical quality registry with the aim of monitoring and improving the quality of care provided to patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer in Australia and New Zealand.Methods and analysisThe Australian and New Zealand Thyroid Cancer Registry (ANZTCR) aims to capture clinical data for all patients over the age of 16 years with thyroid cancer, confirmed by histopathology report, who have been diagnosed, assessed or treated at a contributing hospital. A multidisciplinary steering committee was formed which, with operational support from Monash University, established the ANZTCR in early 2017. The pilot phase of the registry is currently operating in Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia and South Australia, with over 20 sites expected to come on board across Australia in 2018. A modified Delphi process was undertaken to determine the clinical quality indicators to be reported by the registry, and a minimum data set was developed comprising information regarding thyroid cancer diagnosis, pathology, surgery and 90-day follow-up.Future plansThe establishment of the ANZTCR provides the opportunity for Australia and New Zealand to further understand current practice in the treatment of thyroid cancer and identify variation in outcomes. The engagement of endocrine surgeons in supporting this initiative is crucial. While the pilot registry has a focus on early clinical outcomes, it is anticipated that future collection of longer term outcome data particularly for patients with poor prognostic disease will add significant further value to the registry.
Hypersegmented airway neutrophils and its association with reduced lung function in adults with obstructive airway disease: an exploratory study
Authors: Lokwani Ravi , Wark Peter A B , Baines Katherine J , Barker Daniel , Simpson Jodie L 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThe significance of neutrophilic inflammation in obstructive airway disease remains controversial. Recent studies have demonstrated presence of an active neutrophil population in systemic circulation, featuring hypersegmented morphology, with high oxidative burst and functional plasticity in inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to characterise neutrophil subsets in bronchial lavage (BL) of obstructive airway disease participants (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis) and healthy controls on the basis of nuclear morphology and to assess the association between neutrophil subsets and the clinical parameters of the obstructive airway disease participants.DesignA cross-sectional exploratory study.SettingJohn Hunter Hospital and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia.ParticipantsSeventy-eight adults with obstructive airway disease comprised those with stable asthma (n=39), COPD (n=20) and bronchiectasis (n=19) and 20 healthy controls.Materials and methodsCytospins were prepared and neutrophil subsets were classified based on nuclear morphology into hypersegmented (>4 lobes), normal (2–4 lobes) and banded (1 lobe) neutrophils and enumerated.ResultsNeutrophils from each subset were identified in all participants. Numbers of hypersegmented neutrophils were elevated in participants with airway disease compared with healthy controls (p<0.001). Both the number and the proportion of hypersegmented neutrophils were highest in COPD participants (median (Q1–Q3) of 1073.6 (258.8–2742) × 102/mL and 24.5 (14.0–46.5)%, respectively). An increased proportion of hypersegmented neutrophils in airway disease participants was significantly associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity per cent (Spearman’s r=−0.322, p=0.004).ConclusionNeutrophil heterogeneity is common in BL and is associated with more severe airflow obstruction in adults with airway disease. Further work is required to elucidate the functional consequences of hypersegmented neutrophils in the pathogenesis of disease.
Exploring obstetricians’, midwives’ and general practitioners’ approach to weight management in pregnant women with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2: a qualitative study
Authors: Flannery Caragh , McHugh Sheena , Kenny Louise C , O’Riordan Mairead N , McAuliffe Fionnuala M , Bradley Colin , Kearney Patricia M , Byrne Molly 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) beliefs and attitudes towards weight management for pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2.DesignQualitative study.SettingA public antenatal clinic in a large academic maternity hospital in Cork, Ireland, and general practice clinics in the same region.ParticipantsHCPs such as hospital-based midwives and consultant obstetricians and general practitioners (GPs).MethodSemistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of hospital-based HCPs and a sample of GPs working in the same region. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed using NVivo software.ResultsSeventeen HCPs were interviewed (hospital based=10; GPs=7). Four themes identified the complexity of weight management in pregnancy and the challenges HCPs faced when trying to balance the medical and psychosocial needs of the women. HCPs acknowledged weight as a sensitive conversation topic, leading to a ‘softly-softly approach’to weight management. HCPs tried to strike a balance between being woman centred and empathetic and medicalising the conversation. HCPs described ‘doing what you can with what you have’ andshifting the focus to managing obstetric complications. Furthermore, there wereunclear roles and responsibilitiesin terms of weight management.ConclusionHCPs need to have standardised approaches and evidence-based guidelines that support the consistent monitoring and management of weight during pregnancy.
Factors associated with adverse childhood experiences in Scottish children: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Marryat Louise , Frank John 
Published: February 2019

Background and objectivesAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with a range of poorer health and social outcomes throughout the life course; however, to date they have primarily been conducted retrospectively in adulthood. This paper sets out to determine the prevalence of ACEs at age 8 in a recent prospective birth cohort and examine associations between risk factors in the first year and cumulative ACEs.DesignThis study uses the Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 1, in which children born in Scotland in 2004/5 were identified using Child Benefit Records and followed up for 7 years (n.3119). ACE scores and sample characteristics were calculated and described. Logistic regression models were fitted to explore associations between risk factors (sex, mother’s age and education, household income, area level deprivation and urban/rural indicator) and ACE scores.ResultsSeven ACEs (or proxies) were assessed: physical abuse, domestic violence, substance abuse, mental illness, parental separation, parental incarceration and emotional neglect. Instances of sexual abuse were too few to be reported. Emotional abuse and physical neglect could not be gathered. Around two-thirds of children had experienced one or more ACE, with 10% experiencing three or more in their lifetime. Higher ACE scores were associated with being male, having a young mother, low income and urban areas.ConclusionsUsing prospective data, the majority of children born in 2004/2005 in Scotland experienced at least one ACE by age 8, although three ACEs could not be assessed in this cohort. ACEs were highly correlated with socioeconomic disadvantage in the first year of life.
Children on the move in Europe: a narrative review of the evidence on the health risks, health needs and health policy for asylum seeking, refugee and undocumented children
Authors: Kadir Ayesha , Battersby Anna , Spencer Nick , Hjern Anders 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundEurope has experienced a marked increase in the number of children on the move. The evidence on the health risks and needs of migrant children is primarily from North America and Australia.ObjectiveTo summarise the literature and identify the major knowledge gaps on the health risks and needs of asylum seeking, refugee and undocumented children in Europe in the early period after arrival, and the ways in which European health policies respond to these risks and needs.DesignLiterature searches were undertaken in PubMed and EMBASE for studies on migrant child health in Europe from 1 January 2007 to 8 August 2017. The database searches were complemented by hand searches for peer-reviewed papers and grey literature reports.ResultsThe health needs of children on the move in Europe are highly heterogeneous and depend on the conditions before travel, during the journey and after arrival in the country of destination. Although the bulk of the recent evidence from Europe is on communicable diseases, the major health risks for this group are in the domain of mental health, where evidence regarding effective interventions is scarce. Health policies across EU and EES member states vary widely, and children on the move in Europe continue to face structural, financial, language and cultural barriers in access to care that affect child healthcare and outcomes.ConclusionsAsylum seeking, refugee and undocumented children in Europe have significant health risks and needs that differ from children in the local population. Major knowledge gaps were identified regarding interventions and policies to treat and to promote the health and well-being of children on the move.
What is the timeliness and extent of health service use of Victorian (Australia) children in the year after entry to out-of-home care? Protocol for a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data
Authors: McLean Karen , Hiscock Harriet , Scott Dorothy , Goldfeld Sharon 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionChildren entering out-of-home care have high rates of health needs across all domains of health. To identify these needs early and optimise long-term outcomes, routine health assessment on entry to care is recommended by child health experts and included in policy in many jurisdictions. If effective, this ought to lead to high rates of health service use as needs are addressed. Victoria (Australia) has no state-wide approach to deliver routine health assessments and no data to describe the timing and use of health service visits for children in out-of-home care. This retrospective cohort data linkage study aims to describe the extent and timeliness of health service use by Victorian children (aged 0–12 years) who entered out-of-home care for the first time between 1 April 2010 and 31 December 2015, in the first 12 months of care.Methods and analysisThe sample will be identified in the Victorian Child Protection database. Child and placement variables will be extracted. Linked health databases will provide additional data: six state databases that collate data about hospital admissions, emergency department presentations and attendances at dental, mental and community health services and public hospital outpatients. The federal Medicare Benefits Schedule claims dataset will provide information on visits to general practitioners, specialist physicians (including paediatricians), optometrists, audiologists and dentists. The number, type and timing of visits to different health services will be determined and benchmarked to national standards. Multivariable logistic regression will examine the effects of child and system variables on the odds of timely health visits, and proportional-hazards regression will explore the effects on time to first health visits.Ethics and disseminationEthical and data custodian approval has been obtained for this study. Dissemination will include presentation of findings to policy and service stakeholders in addition to scientific papers.