bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Textural and sensorial quality protection in frozen dumplings through the inhibition of lipid and protein oxidation with clove and rosemary extracts
Authors: Huang Li , Ding Bo , Zhang Huan , Kong Baohua , Xiong Youling L 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxidation is a major reason for nutritional and quality loss of dumplings during frozen storage. The addition of spice extracts in frozen dumplings may limit and inhibit oxidative impairments. In this study, the antioxidant effects of clove extract (CE) and rosemary extract (RE) and their influence on sensory and quality attributes of the meat‐based filler in frozen pork dumplings stored at −18 °C were investigated.RESULTSCE and RE significantly suppressed lipid and protein oxidation in terms of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances and protein carbonyls (P < 0.05) formation. During frozen storage up to 180 days, the dumpling samples with antioxidants had a significantly higher breaking strength and lower cooking loss (P < 0.05) compared with the control, and the effect of RE was stronger than that of CE. Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that samples with antioxidants had reduced protein crosslinking, hence less aggregation. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis proved that the dumplings with antioxidants during storage had a higher thermal stability than those of the control. Based on dynamic rheological testing, the addition of RE to dumpling fillers was more effective in enhancing the gelling capacity of myofibrillar protein compared to the control. Sensory panel results confirmed significant positive effects of both spice extracts on oxidative stability (reduced rancidity) and palatability (texture and juiciness) of dumplings.CONCLUSIONThe addition of phenolic‐rich CE and RE in dumpling processing is an excellent approach for the inhibition of sensory and quality deterioration associated with oxidation during frozen storage. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Three dimensional m‐quasi Einstein manifolds with degenerate Ricci tensor
Authors: Kim Jongsu , Shin Jinwoo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this article we give a classification of three dimensional m‐quasi Einstein manifolds with two distinct Ricci‐eigen values. Our study provides explicit description of local and complete metrics and potential functions. We also describe the associated warped product Einstein manifolds in detail. For the proof we present a Codazzi tensor on any three dimensional m‐quasi Einstein manifold and use geometric properties of the tensor which help to analyze the m‐quasi Einstein equation effectively. A technical advance over preceding studies is made by resolving the case when the gradient of the potential function is not a Ricci‐eigen vector field.
Obstructions to deforming curves on a prime Fano 3‐fold
Authors: Nasu Hirokazu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe prove that for every smooth prime Fano 3‐fold V, the Hilbert scheme of smooth connected curves on V contains a generically non‐reduced irreducible component of Mumford type. We also study the deformations of degenerate curves C in V, i.e., curves C contained in a smooth anticanonical member of V. We give a sufficient condition for C to be stably degenerate, i.e., every small (and global) deformation of C in V is contained in a deformation of S in V. As a result, by using the Hilbert‐flag scheme of V, we determine the dimension and the smoothness of at the point [C], assuming that the class of C in is generated by together with the class of a line, or a conic on V.
Network basis of the dysexecutive and posterior cortical cognitive profiles in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lang Stefan , Hanganu Alexandru , Gan Liu Shi , Kibreab Mekale , Auclair‐Ouellet Noémie , Alrazi Tazrina , Ramezani Mehrafarin , Cheetham Jenelle , Hammer Tracy , Kathol Iris , Sarna Justyna , Monchi Oury 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe dual syndrome hypothesis of cognitive impairment in PD suggests that two cognitive profiles exist with distinct pathological mechanisms and a differential risk for further cognitive decline. How these profiles relate to network dysfunction has never been explicitly characterized.ObjectiveFirst, to assess intranetwork functional connectivity while considering global connectivity, and second, to relate network connectivity with measures of the dysexecutive and posterior cortical profiles.MethodsEighty‐two subjects with idiopathic PD and 37 age‐matched controls underwent resting‐state functional MRI and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Intranetwork and global connectivity was compared between groups. Measures of the dysexecutive and posterior cortical profiles were related to network connectivity while considering demographic and disease‐related covariates.ResultsPD subjects show decreased connectivity within several cortical networks. However, only the sensorimotor network displayed a loss of connectivity independent of the observed decreased global connectivity. The dysexecutive factor was independently related to increased motor severity, less education, and decreased connectivity in the sensorimotor network. The posterior cortical factor was related to increased age, less education, decreased connectivity in the central executive network, as well as increased connectivity in the temporal network.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence supporting a network‐specific process of degeneration in the sensorimotor network which contributes to the dysexecutive cognitive profile. In contrast, connectivity of the temporal and central executive network is related to the posterior cortical profile, representing a distinct network signature of this syndrome. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Blood Pressure and the Renal Renin–Angiotensin System in Rats with Diet‐Induced Obesity
Authors: Yoshida Yuichi , Gotoh Koro , Masaki Takayuki , Ozeki Yoshinori , Tokoro Masanori , Kudo Akiko , Ozaki Takashi , Okamoto Mitsuhiro , Chiba Seiichi , Watanabe Kiminori , Ohta Masayuki , Inomata Masafumi , Shibata Hirotaka 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveSleeve gastrectomy (SG) has been reported to decrease blood pressure (BP), although the reason has not been revealed. The present study aimed to establish the reason why SG decreases BP.MethodsMale Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to surgical (sham operation or SG) and dietary interventions (fed a normal diet or high‐fat diet ad libitum or fed by pair‐feeding [PF]). Systolic BP (SBP), urinary sodium excretion, and endocrine parameters were examined 4 weeks after surgery.ResultsBoth SG and PF rats had reduced body weight compared with SO rats fed normal diet or high‐fat diet ad libitum. SG rats exhibited a reduction in SBP compared with PF, which was associated with a reduction in renal renin, angiotensin II, and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase levels (P < 0.01 for each). SG increased plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) levels compared with PF (P < 0.0001 for each), whereas glucagon‐like peptide 1 and peptide YY were not changed in fasting. Exogenous administration of CCK reduced renal catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (P = 0.0233), renin (P < 0.0001), and angiotensin II (P < 0.0001) levels and SBP (P = 0.0053).ConclusionsSG reduced SBP, at least in part, through suppression of sympathetic nerve action by elevation of CCK, which was followed by suppression of the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐controlled synthesis of monodispersed crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) microparticles with significantly improved mechanical properties
Authors: Kao Yu‐Chen , Chen Chun‐Hua , Whang Wha‐Tzong , Chen Yi‐Chun , Chen Kai‐Chi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA facile synthesis concept focusing on the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) concentration induced interfacial energy effects in seed swelling polymerization was realized for the successful fabrication of a series of monodispersed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microparticles with four crosslinking agents, 2,2‐bis[(methacryloyloxy)methyl]butyl methacrylate, 1,2‐ethanediyl bis(2‐methylacrylate), 1,3‐divinylbenzene and 1,2‐ethanediyl diacetate. We revealed a special role of PVA in regulating the diffusion of crosslinking agents as well as the swelling degree of latex seeds and, more noticeably, the consequent improved mechanical properties of the crosslinked PMMA microparticles formed. The highest recovery rate obtained from the PMMA microparticles with 0.6 wt% PVA approached 67%, which is higher than or comparable to reported values. This work not only developed a new facile synthesis approach for producing highly uniform tough crosslinked PMMA microparticles for more potential applications but also provided valuable insights into fundamental aspects of seed swelling polymerization. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Multivariate analyses of root phenotype and dynamic transcriptome underscore valuable root traits and water‐deficit responsive gene networks in maize
Authors: Zhang Xia , Pang Junling , Ma Xuhui , Zhang Zhaoyang , He Yuting , Hirsch Candice N. , Zhao Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRoot system architecture (RSA) plays a vital role in plant adaptation and productivity under water‐deficit environments. In this study, we use two maize inbreeds to investigate root phenotypic and early transcriptional responses to water‐deficit stress. As evidenced by improved survival rate and photosynthetic efficiency at early seedling and late vegetative stage, CIMBL55 was characterized as a tolerant genotype versus sensitive SHEN5003. Image‐based root phenotyping revealed that drought tolerant cultivar had notably different RSA features from drought sensitive cultivar including larger root size, longer root length, and more number of lateral roots and seminal roots. Dynamic transcriptome investigations on primary and seminal root integrating differential gene expression, temporal gene co‐expression, and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed a high degree of genotype‐ and root type‐specificity in response to PEG‐induced water deficit. The higher drought tolerability of CIMBL55 versus SHEN5003 can be attributed to the enhanced expression of genes associated with antioxidant defense and a higher proportion of water‐deficit responsive genes. Upon water deficit, seminal roots exhibited more dramatic transcriptional changes than the primary root, and a more exclusive functional association with stress response. Genome‐wide WGCNA identified system‐level functionality of genes associated with specific root traits. Multiple root‐specific and root‐predominant hub genes were identified with functions involved in transcriptional regulation, root development, and drought response. Conclusively, integrated root phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses identified important root system architectures and water‐deficit responsive gene networks in maize. Findings will serve a valuable resource that merits in‐depth functional analyses toward a better understanding of RSA‐associated drought tolerance in maize.
Validation of etching model of polypropylene layers exposed to argon plasmas
Authors: Corbella Carles , Pranda Adam , Portal Sabine , de los Arcos Teresa , Grundmeier Guido , Oehrlein Gottlieb S. , von Keudell Achim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThin layers of polypropylene (PP) have been treated by argon low‐temperature plasmas in an inductively coupled plasma setup. The etched thickness of PP was monitored in situ by means of single‐wavelength ellipsometry. The ellipsometric model of the polymer surface exposed to plasma consists of a UV‐modified layer, a dense amorphous carbon layer because of ion bombardment, and an effective medium approximation layer, which accounts for moderate surface roughness. The etching behavior has been compared to a model based on argon ion beam irradiation experiments. In this approach, surface processes are described in terms of etching yields and crosslinking probabilities as a function of incident fluxes and energies of Ar ions and UV photons. The ion beam model fits well with the plasma etching results.
Intermittent hypoxia in preterm infants: Measurement using the desaturation index
Authors: Wellington Grace , Campbell Angela , Elder Dawn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were to: (i) Determine in preterm infants at neonatal discharge the prevalence of intermittent hypoxia (IH), as measured by the oxygen desaturation index (DSI) recorded by pulse oximetry and (ii) Determine the change in values for very preterm infants at 1‐month post discharge.MethodsPreterm infants were recruited from the Wellington regional neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and 24‐h pulse oximetry recordings performed immediately before discharge. Infants born <32 weeks gestational age (GA) had repeat oximetry 1‐month post discharge. Oxygenation measures included the 3% and 4% desaturation (DSI 3%, DSI 4%) indices.ResultsAt discharge from the neonatal unit the median and interquartile range (IQR) for DSI 4% was 51 (31‐74) events per hour with normal mean SpO2 (median of 97.9% [97.2‐98.8 IQR]). Episodes of IH 1 month post discharge decreased with improvements of between 42% and 57% seen for the three DSI measures. Infants <32 weeks GA had higher median DSI 3 and 4% values at discharge but differences when compared with late preterm infants were not significant.ConclusionsPreterm infants have frequent episodes of IH as measured by the 3% and 4% DSI when deemed otherwise ready for discharge home. Further research in a larger cohort of very preterm infants and also in term infants is needed to determine the significance of this finding.
Routing algorithm design of satellite network architecture based on SDN and ICN
Authors: Liu Zhiguo , Zhu Jie , Zhang Jiangmei , Liu Qingli 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn view of the problems of low routing efficiency, complex control process, and difficult network management in big data environment in the traditional integrated space‐terrestrial network, in the paper, we propose a satellite network architecture called software‐defined information centric satellite networking (SDICSN) based on software‐defined networking (SDN) and information‐centric networking (ICN), and we design a virtual node matrix routing algorithm (VNMR) under the SDICSN architecture. The SDICSN architecture realizes the flexibility of network management and business deployment through the features of the separation of forwarding and controlling by the SDN architecture and improves the response speed of requests in the network by the centric of “content” as the ICN idea. According to the periodicity and predictability of the satellite network, the VNMR algorithm obtains the routing matrix through the relative orientation of the source and destination nodes, thus reducing the spatial complexity of the input matrix of the Dijkstra algorithm and then reducing the time complexity of the routing algorithm. For forwarding information base (FIB), the mechanism of combination of event driven and polling can be quickly updated in real time. Finally, the advantages of the SDICSN architecture in routing efficiency, request delay, and request aggregation are verified by simulation.
Real‐Time Mapping of Ultratrace Singlet Oxygen in Rat during Acute and Chronic Inflammations via a Chemiluminescent Nanosensor
Authors: Zhang Shenghai , Cui Hongbo , Gu Min , Zhao Na , Cheng Mengqi , Lv Jiagen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSensing nonradiation‐induced singlet oxygen (1O2) in whole‐animal is deemed as one of the most challenging tasks in noninvasive techniques due to the µs level lifetime of 1O2 and quenching by numerous reductants in tissues. Here a distinct chemiluminescent (CL) nanosensor (NTPE‐PH) that boasts ultrahigh concentrated CL units in one nanoparticle is reported. Taking advantage of the intramolecular energy transfer mechanism that promises high energy transfer efficiency and the aggregation‐induced emission behavior that guarantees high CL amplification, the NTPE‐PH sensor is sensitive to a nm level 1O2. Experiments demonstrate that the NTPE‐PH yields a highly selective CL response toward 1O2 among common reactive oxygen species. With proved low cytotoxicity and good animal compatibility, real‐time mapping of ultratrace 1O2 in whole‐animal during acute and chronic inflammations is first achieved. It is anticipated that the NTPE‐PH sensor can be a useful tool for monitoring 1O2 variation during immune response and pathological processes corresponding to different stimuli, even with drug treatment included.
New Templated Ostwald Ripening Process of Mesostructured FeOOH for Third‐Harmonic Generation Bioimaging
Authors: Lee Chien‐Wei , Wu Pei‐Chun , Hsu I‐Ling , Liu Tzu‐Ming , Chong Wai‐How , Wu Cheng‐Ham , Hsieh Tsung‐Yuan , Guo Lun‐Zhang , Tsao Yu , Wu Po‐Ting , Yu Jiashing , Tsai Pei‐Jane , Huang Huei‐Sheng , Chuang Yu‐Chun , Huang Chih‐Chia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEmerging advances in iron oxide nanoparticles exploit their high magnetization for various applications, such as bioseparation, hyperthermia, and magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast to their excellent magnetic performance, the harmonic generation and luminescence properties of iron oxide nanoparticles have not been thoroughly explored, thus limiting their development as a tool in photomedicine. In this work, a seed/growth‐inspired synthesis is developed combined with primary mineralization and a ligand‐assisted secondary growth strategy to prepare mesostructured α‐FeOOH nanorods (NRs). The sub‐wavelength heterogeneity of the refractive index leads to enhanced third‐harmonic generation (THG) signals under near‐infrared excited wavelengths at 1230 nm. The as‐prepared NRs exhibit an 11‐fold stronger THG intensity compared to bare α‐FeOOH NRs. Using these unique nonlinear optical properties, it is demonstrated that mesostructured α‐FeOOH NRs can serve as biocompatible and nonbleaching contrast agents in THG microscopy for long‐term labeling of cells as well as in angiography in vivo by modifying lectin to enhance the binding efficiency to the glycocalyx layers on the wall of blood vessels. These results provide a new insight into Fe‐based nanoplatforms capable of emitting coherent light as molecular probes in optical microscopy, thus establishing a complementary microscopic imaging method for macroscopic magnetic imaging systems.
Maintenance process modeling and dynamic estimations based on Bayesian networks and association rules
Authors: Chatzimparmpas Angelos , Bibi Stamatia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractManaging the maintenance process and estimating accurately the effort and duration required for a new release is considered to be a crucial task as it affects successful software project survival and progress over time. In this study, we propose the combination of two well‐known machine learning (ML) techniques, Bayesian networks (BNs), and association rules (ARs) for modeling the maintenance process by identifying the relationships among the internal and external quality metrics related to a particular project release to both the maintainability of the project and the maintenance process indicators (ie, effort and duration). We also exploit Bayesian inference, to test the effect of certain changes in internal and external project factors to the maintainability of a project. We evaluate our approach through a case study on 957 releases of five open source JavaScript applications. The results show that the maintainability of a release, the changes observed between subsequent releases, and the time required between two releases can be accurately predicted from size, complexity, and activity metrics. The proposed combined approach achieves higher accuracy when evaluated against the BN model accuracy.
Stabilization of Short Oligonucleotides in the Prebiotic Mix: The Potential Role of Amino Alcohols
Authors: Pino Samanta , Di Mauro Ernesto , Costanzo Giovanna , Saladino Raffaele , Šedo Ondrej , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Šponer Jiří , Šponer Judit E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlkylation of RNA oligonucleotides by the amino alcohols 2‐amino‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐propane‐1,3‐diol (commonly known as Tris‐base) and 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol has been observed in strongly acidic environments. The reaction occurs according to a carbocationic mechanism and is time‐, temperature‐, concentration‐ and, strictly, pH‐dependent. Our results suggest that amino alcohols present in the prebiotic mix could not only alter the chemical composition of the oligonucleotides formed on dry land under hydrothermal conditions, but, more importantly, they could protect the first informational polymers from degradation.
Use of Magnetic Induction to Activate a “Touchless” Shape Memory Alloy Implantable Penile Prosthesis
Authors: Le Brian V. , McVary Kevin T. , McKenna Kevin , Colombo Alberto 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
We describe a novel physiologic penile prosthesis that uses shape memory alloy properties to mimic the transition between a flaccid and erect penis using magnetic induction instead of hydraulic pressure.

Aim
To evaluate the parameters of magnetic induction to activate a shape memory alloy implantable penile prosthesis.

Methods
We prototyped an implantable penile prosthesis cylinder using temperature-tuned nickel titanium alloy tubes laser cut to specifications.
The device was then tested implanted in an animal tissue model and in cadaveric tissue. Testing consisted of placing the device deactivated in its more malleable and compressed state, then activating it using an external inducer wand while measuring temperature changes that occur on the surface of the device, within the tissue, and at the skin surface.

Main Outcome Measures
Our main outcome measures were the efficiency of activation and thermal safety of this approach.

Results
Using a handheld magnetic inductor, we were able to successfully activate the SMA penile prosthesis with no direct contact under 45 seconds. This handheld wand produced a magnetic field that penetrated tissue and caused the appropriate phase change within the prosthesis. Tissue temperature (middle and surface probes) in the animal tissue model increased only a few degrees Celsius during the activation process, and never exceeded 28 degrees Celsius from a baseline at room temperature ∼ 25 degrees Celsius. We encountered similar results without a notable change in tissue temperature in the cadaveric tests. The fully activated device resisted buckling forces of 2.66 kgf ± 0.045.

Clinical Implications
This non-hydraulic shape memory prosthesis obviates the needs for reservoirs and pumps, and the wand-based interaction with the device may be easier to use.

Strength & Limitations
This technology represents a fundamental departure from the hydraulic-based penile prosthesis and has comparable mechanical properties as current-marked devices. It appears to show thermal safety in controlled environments, however real-world use would need further studies. Further optimization of prototypes needs to be done prior to human clinical trials.

Conclusion
A shape memory penile prosthesis is a promising alternative to hydraulic-based penile prostheses and can be activated safely and efficiently using magnetic induction in our models of the human penis.
Hegel on Addiction
Authors: Deligiorgi Katerina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to show how certain distinctive elements of Hegel's theory of action can provide a fresh philosophical perspective on the phenomenon of addiction. What motivates the turn to Hegel is a set of puzzles that arise out of contemporary medical and philosophical discussions of addiction. Starting with questions concerning ongoing attempts to define addiction, the paper examines the resources needed for addiction to be classed as a disorder, as it commonly is. Provisionally settling with the notion of akrasia, the paper turns to Hegel for a theory of agency that fills in the gaps of the account of akrasia used in the contemporary literature on addiction and helps resolve the puzzles that occasioned the paper.