bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Long-Term Care Insurance in Germany
Authors: Fleßa Steffen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn 1995, Germany launched a compulsory long-term care insurance to pool the growing financial risk of long-term care of the ageing population. Most of the population is covered by the social long-term care insurance following the same principles as the social health insurances stemming from the Bismarck model of 1883. Both employers and employees contribute to the fund. Potential beneficiaries are grouped into care grades and receive a wide portfolio of financial compensations for their care expenditure. The amount depends on the care grade. The German social long-term care insurance system is constantly reformed to reconcile the conflict between fair coverage of the population and continuously growing expenditure. The underlying problem of an ageing population with increasing demand for care cannot be solved by an insurance but has to be addressed by prevention and health promotion.
Finitistic dimensions over commutative DG-rings
Authors: Bird Isaac , Shaul Liran , Sridhar Prashanth , Williamson Jordan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study the finitistic dimensions of commutative noetherian non-positive DG-rings with finite amplitude. We prove that any DG-module M of finite flat dimension over such a DG-ring satisfies $${\textrm{proj}\,\textrm{dim}}_A(M) \le \dim (\textrm{H}^0 (A)) - \inf (M)$$

proj

dim

A

(
M
)

≤
dim

(

H
0

(
A
)

)

-
inf

(
M
)

. We further provide explicit constructions of DG-modules with prescribed projective dimension and deduce that the big finitistic projective dimension satisfies the bounds $$\dim (\textrm{H}^0 (A)) - {\text {amp}}(A) \le \textsf{FPD}(A) \le \dim (\textrm{H}^0(A))$$

dim

(

H
0

(
A
)

)

-
amp

(
A
)

≤
FPD

(
A
)

≤
dim

(

H
0

(
A
)

)

. Moreover, we prove that DG-rings exist which achieve either bound. As a direct application, we prove new vanishing results for the derived Hochschild (co)homology of homologically smooth algebras.
CT-defined muscle density as a prognostic factor in multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell therapy: a retrospective single center study
Authors: Surov Alexey , Pönisch Wolfram , Borggrefe Jan , Meyer Hans-Jonas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Skeletal muscle quality assessment can be performed by cross-sectional imaging. Skeletal muscle density (SMD) identified to be of prognostic relevance of several clinically outcomes in patients with hematological diseases. The purpose of the present study was to establish the effect of SMD on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods
All patients with MM were retrospectively analyzed between 2009 and 2019. 127 patients were included into the analysis. Whole-body computed tomography (CT) was used to calculate skeletal muscle index (SMI), SMD, albumin-gauge score and intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC).

Results
Overall, 28 patients (22.0%) of the patient sample died. In the discrimination analysis muscle density was higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (mean 30.8 ± 12.5 versus 24.1 ± 15.8, p = 0.03) and IMAC was lower in non-survivors (− 0.66 ± 1.8 versus − 0.25 ± 0.21, p = 0.01). These differences, however, were not demonstrated in the logistic regression analysis, which could not show prognostic relevance for the investigated muscle density parameters on PFS or OS.

Conclusion
CT-defined muscle density parameters have no prognostic relevance on survival in patients with MM undergoing autologous stem cell therapy, which was demonstrated in a comprehensive analysis. These results corroborate previous smaller studies that body composition might have a limited role in this tumor entity.
Age differences in the treatment of lung cancer–a cohort study among 42,000 patients from Germany
Authors: Rischke Nikolaj , Kanbach Josephine , Haug Ulrike 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aims
We aimed to describe treatment of lung cancer patients in Germany based on health claims data, focusing particularly on differences by age.

Materials and methods
Using the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD, ~ 20% of the German population) we identified lung cancer patients diagnosed in 2015–2018 based on a previously developed algorithm and followed them until death, end of continuous insurance or end of 2020. We described initial treatment patterns after diagnosis and survival, stratified among others by age.

Results
We included 42,629 incident lung cancer patients (58% male). Surgery within three months after diagnosis was performed in 36%, 31%, 29% and 18% of patients aged < 50, 50–69, 70–79 and ≥ 80, respectively. Among patients without surgery, systemic therapy was administered in 77%, 72%, 54% and 25% of patients aged < 50, 50–69, 70–79 and ≥ 80, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies were administered in 15–30% of patients across age groups, and 4% to 15% received protein kinase inhibitors. Overall, 21% of patients remained untreated. In the age groups < 50, 50–69, 70–79 and ≥ 80, this proportions was 9%, 12%, 22% and 48%, respectively.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the therapy of lung cancer patients in Germany and quantitatively demonstrates the considerable differences between age groups. In terms of clinical cancer registration, the results are useful to estimate the completeness of data for the different types of treatment.
On a space-time implementation of the wave equation using virtual elements
Authors: Wriggers P. , Junker Ph. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe virtual element method (VEM) was developed not too long ago, starting with the paper (Beirão-da-Veiga et al. in SIAM J Numer Anal 51:794–812, 2013) related to elasticity in solid mechanics. The virtual element method allows to revisit the construction of different elements, however has so far not applied to space-time formulations for one-dimensional structural elements like strings, trusses and beams. Here we study several VEM elements suitable for space-time formulations that are build upon the Hamilton’s principle. It will be shown that these elements can be easily incorporated in classical finite element codes since they have the same number of unknowns. Furthermore, we show that the property of VEM to deal with non-conforming meshes is of special interest for holistic space time formulation: VEM formulations allow locally varying time discretizations (time increments) in a natural and efficient way.
A strategy for scaling the hardening behavior in finite element modelling of geometrically exact beams
Authors: Gärtner T. , van den Boom S. J. , Weerheijm J. , Sluys L. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA yield function in the stress resultant space of geometrically exact beams based on the elastoplastic cross-sectional warping problem has been proposed by Herrnböck et al. (Comput Mech, 67(3):723–742, 2021). This plasticity framework has been extended with a hardening tensor to model the kinematic hardening effects in Herrnböck et al. (Comput Mech, 71(1):1–24, 2022). While this framework provides scaling for the yield surface in ideal plasticity, scaling in hardening plasticity has not yet been explored. This paper focuses on the numeric modelling of hardening beams and beam assemblies at different geometric scales. Discretization effects from the introduction of plasticity into the geometrically exact beam model are demonstrated. Furthermore, the effects of scaling are explored, and a method to mitigate undesirable effects in order to achieve a size-agnostic formulation is proposed. Consistent geometric scaling is demonstrated for two alternative scaling approaches of the yield function.
College Students Recognize Characteristics of Autism, but Struggle to Differentiate Between Characteristics of Autism and Other Disabilities
Authors: McMahon Camilla M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe current study evaluates whether college students can identify characteristics of autism as diagnostic for autism, and characteristics of other disabilities as not diagnostic for autism. This study also examines metacognitive awareness of autism knowledge, evaluating whether college students can accurately calibrate their confidence in their beliefs about autistic characteristics. 283 college students completed the Autism Symptomatology Knowledge Assessment (McMahon et al. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 71:101499, 2020). In this assessment, participants were presented with characteristics of autism and other disabilities and asked to identify which characteristics could be used to diagnose someone with autism. For each characteristic, participants indicated how certain they were in their response. Participants more accurately categorized characteristics of autism, particularly social interaction and communication challenges, as being consistent with an autism diagnosis. Participants had more difficulty identifying that characteristics of other disabilities, especially anxiety, ADHD, and learning disabilities, were not diagnostic for autism. For autistic characteristics, participants’ confidence and accuracy were positively correlated, such that participants who responded accurately were more confident in their response than those who responded inaccurately. For other disability characteristics, confidence and accuracy were typically not correlated or inversely correlated, indicating poor metacognitive awareness. College students confuse autism with other disabilities, which may have important implications in real-world contexts. Furthermore, individuals with poor metacognitive awareness of their autism knowledge may not realize that they are confusing autism with other disabilities, such that they may not seek out additional corrective information about autism.
Optimization of the Combined Use of Z-Sep Plus and EMR-Lipid in QuEChERS Procedure for the Analysis of Eight Pesticides in Real Milk Samples
Authors: Mokhtar Hatem I. , Salama Ghada M. , El Gindy Alaa , Abdel Hameed Eman A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOne of the most applied procedures for the determination of trace analytes in complex matrices is QuEChERS (an acronym for Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe). QuEChERS procedures include an extraction step followed by a dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) for analytes cleaning-up from the matrix components. A challenging task in QuEChERS procedures is extracting and determining pesticides from samples of high fat such as milk samples. This challenge induced the innovation of new adsorbents for the clean-up step such as Z-Sep Plus® and EMR-Lipid® to enable removal of fatty matrix components without affecting the recovery of hydrophobic analytes. This work aims to apply experimental design to optimize the combined application of both QuEChERS clean-up adsorbents; Z-Sep Plus® and EMR-Lipid® in addition to other QuEChERS parameters in the determination of eight pesticides: hexachlorocyclohexane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, primiphos ethyl, diazinon, malathion, endrin, and dimethoate in milk matrix. This was augmented by optimization of GC–MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS to detect and determine analytes in extracts. The experimental design of QuEChERS procedure enabled the optimization of Z-Sep Plus®- and EMR-Lipid®-added adsorbent amounts with other method parameters to enable the maximum recovery of analytes. Furthermore, the optimized methods enabled low detection limits of the studied pesticides within a short analysis time (28 min for GC and 12 min for LC methods, respectively). The procedure was validated according to European SANTE/11312/2021 Guideline. Quantitation limit ranged from 1.7 to 3.2 ng/mL for GC–MS/MS method and from 1.7 to 3 ng/mL for UPLC-MS/MS method. Greenness assessment of the methods followed four approaches indicating an excellent value of greenness for the proposed methods. Furthermore, 45 real milk samples collected from the Egyptian market were tested with the developed procedure for the presence of pesticides.
Crystal-Collapse-Induced Synthesis of High-Capacitance LaCoOx/Co-Doped Carbon-Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Deng Zhihao , Wang Yuanbo , Shao Wu , He Jingwen , Sheng Jie , Cen Ronghao , Fu Yufei , Wu Wenjun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of high-performance, reproducible carbon (C)-based supercapacitors remains a significant challenge because of limited specific capacitance. Herein, we present a novel strategy for fabricating LaCoOx and cobalt (Co)-doped nanoporous C (LaCoOx/Co@ZNC) through the carbonization of Co/Zn-zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) crystals derived from a PVP-Co/Zn/La precursor. The unique ZIF structure effectively disrupted the graphitic C framework, preserved the Co active sites, and enhanced the electrical conductivity. The synergistic interaction between pyridinic nitrogen and Co ions further promoted redox reactions. In addition, the formation of a hierarchical pore structure through zinc sublimation facilitated electrolyte diffusion. The resulting LaCoOx/Co@ZNC exhibited exceptional electrochemical performance, delivering a remarkable specific capacitance of 2,789 F/g at 1 A/g and outstanding cycling stability with 92% capacitance retention after 3,750 cycles. Our findings provide the basis for a promising approach to advancing C-based energy storage technologies.
Morse Predecomposition of an Invariant Set
Authors: Lipiński Michał , Mischaikow Konstantin , Mrozek Marian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Motivated by the study of recurrent orbits and dynamics within a Morse set of a Morse decomposition we introduce the concept of Morse predecomposition of an isolated invariant set within the setting of both combinatorial and classical dynamical systems. While Morse decomposition summarizes solely the gradient part of a dynamical system, the developed generalization extends to the recurrent component as well. In particular, a chain recurrent set, which is indecomposable in terms of Morse decomposition, can be represented more finely in the Morse predecomposition framework. This generalization is achieved by forgoing the poset structure inherent to Morse decomposition and relaxing the notion of connection between Morse sets (elements of Morse decomposition) in favor of what we term ’links’. We prove that a Morse decomposition is a special case of Morse predecomposition indexed by a poset. Additionally, we show how a Morse predecomposition may be condensed back to retrieve a Morse decomposition.
An Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Flexible and Wearable Mechanoluminescent Strain Sensor System
Authors: Dong Yan , An Wenzheng , Wang Zihu , Zhang Dongzhi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe complex wiring, bulky data collection devices, and difficulty in fast and on-site data interpretation significantly limit the practical application of flexible strain sensors as wearable devices. To tackle these challenges, this work develops an artificial intelligence-assisted, wireless, flexible, and wearable mechanoluminescent strain sensor system (AIFWMLS) by integration of deep learning neural network-based color data processing system (CDPS) with a sandwich-structured flexible mechanoluminescent sensor (SFLC) film. The SFLC film shows remarkable and robust mechanoluminescent performance with a simple structure for easy fabrication. The CDPS system can rapidly and accurately extract and interpret the color of the SFLC film to strain values with auto-correction of errors caused by the varying color temperature, which significantly improves the accuracy of the predicted strain. A smart glove mechanoluminescent sensor system demonstrates the great potential of the AIFWMLS system in human gesture recognition. Moreover, the versatile SFLC film can also serve as a encryption device. The integration of deep learning neural network-based artificial intelligence and SFLC film provides a promising strategy to break the “color to strain value” bottleneck that hinders the practical application of flexible colorimetric strain sensors, which could promote the development of wearable and flexible strain sensors from laboratory research to consumer markets.
Evolution of recycled concrete research: a data-driven scientometric review
Authors: Yao Yunlong , Hong Baoning 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is recognized as an environmentally friendly construction material derived from reclaimed concrete components. This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive scientometric analysis of RAC research published between 2000 and 2023 in the Web of Science core database. The study includes analyses of publication trends over time, contributions and collaborations among authors, productivity of institutions and countries, co-citation networks, and keyword co-occurrence patterns. Additionally, the research identifies emerging frontiers in RAC studies. The results are visually presented to provide a holistic overview of the current state of RAC research and future developmental trajectories. The study analyzes publication trends over time, with over 80% of the papers published after 2017, reflecting the growing interest in sustainable construction. Key trends identified include the increasing focus on improving the mechanical properties and durability of RAC, microstructural analysis, and innovative manufacturing techniques. While the field has advanced significantly, challenges remain in areas such as the integration of nanoparticles, biomineralization techniques, carbon capture and utilization, and 3D printing technologies. These challenges underscore the need for continued innovation and exploration. With these advancements, RAC has the potential to play a pivotal role in promoting sustainable construction practices in the future.
The Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union Treaty: Statehood and Security in the Face of Anthropogenic Climate Change
Authors: Green Alex , Guilfoyle Douglas 
Published: November 2024

On November 9, 2023, Prime Minister Albanese of Australia and then Prime Minister Natano of Tuvalu signed the Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union Treaty in Rarotonga (Falepili Union Treaty or the Treaty). The preamble explains that “the concept of Falepili . . . connotes the traditional values of good neighbourliness, duty of care and mutual respect.” It sets a groundbreaking precedent for Small Island States threatened by rising sea-levels, addressing both State continuity and climate resettlement. Nonetheless, and despite its subsequent entry into force on August 28, 2024, it has not been without controversy in Tuvalu and, to a lesser extent, Australia due to provisions seen by some as substantially infringing Tuvalu's independence in foreign relations or even its sovereignty.
Friendship with the Ancients
Authors: DE CRUZ HELEN 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Friendship with the ancients is a set of imaginative exercises and engagements with the work of deceased authors that allows us to imagine them as friends. Authors from diverse cultures and times such as Mengzi, Niccolò Machiavelli, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Clare Carlisle have engaged in it. The aim of this article is to defend this practice, showing that friendship with the ancients is a species of philosophical friendship, which confers the unique benefits such friendships offer. It is conducive to epistemic virtue, notably the related virtues of epistemic humility and of relational understanding. When we cultivate friendship with the ancients, we are not learning facts about them, but aim at understanding their views in their full scope in a way that a relationship between friends allows.
Looking Ahead: Nordic and British Perspectives on History of Education
Authors: Göransdotter Rebecka 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFrom a Nordic and British perspective, the history of education is a vibrant field of knowledge production. It invites scholars from the humanities and social sciences to investigate the continuities and changes in education over time, as well as Bildung, nurturing, learning, and teaching. By underlining the breadth of the history of education and using Nordic and British examples, I argue that the field is not shrinking but growing. A broader definition of the field expands the field’s scope beyond historical studies of formal schooling. It also enhances the field’s significance and reveals how it has a meaningful role in research policy, and practice.
A simple and effective method for identifying the real sources of pre-pulses in CPA and OPCPA laser systems
Authors: Chen Haidong , Chen Xun , Liu Xingyan , Hu Jiabing , Bai Peile , Gui Jiayan , Yang Xiaojun , Xia Kegui , Wu Fenxiang , Zhang Zongxin , Liu Yanqi , Wang Xinliang , Xu Yi , Leng Yuxin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The delay-shift of the pre-pulse may mislead the determination of its origination and cause problems for the temporal contrast improvement of high-peak-power lasers, especially when the corresponding post-pulse is beyond the time window of the measurement device. In this work, an empirical formula is proposed to predict the delay-shift of pre-pulses for the first time. The empirical formula shows that the delay-shift is proportional to the square of the post-pulse’s initial delay, and also the ratio of the third-order dispersion to the group delay dispersion’s square, which intuitively reveals the main cause for the delay-shift and may provide a convenient routing for identifying the real sources of pre-pulses in both chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) and optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) systems. The empirical formula agrees well with the experimental results both in the CPA and the OPCPA systems. Besides, a numerical simulation is also carried out to further verify the empirical formula.
Development of dietary assessment instruments which can take cultural diversity and dietary acculturation into account: eating in Sweden (‘Mat i Sverige’)
Authors: Lentjes Marleen A. H. , Lönnström Sarah , Lobenius Palmér Karin , Alsammarraie Zeinab , Lindroos Anna Karin , Petrelius Sipinen Jessica , Koochek Afsaneh , Brummer Robert Jan , Montgomery Scott 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since lack of culture-specific foods in dietary assessment methods may bias reported dietary intake, we identified foods and dishes consumed by residents not born in Sweden and describe consequences for reported foods and nutrient intake using a culturally adapted dietary assessment method. Design consisted of cross-sectional data collection using (semi-)qualitative methods of dietary assessment (and national diet survey instrument RiksmatenFlex) with subsequent longitudinal data collection using quantitative methods for method comparison (December 2020–January 2023). Three community-based research groups were recruited that consisted of mothers born in Sweden, Syria/Iraq, and Somalia, with a median age of 34, 37, and 36 years, respectively. Women born in Syria/Iraq and Somalia who had lived in Sweden for approximately 10 years, reported 78 foods to be added to RiksmatenFlex. In a subsequent study phase, 69% of these foods were reported by around 90% of the ethnic minority groups and contributed to 17% of their reported energy intake. However, differences between the three study groups in median self-reported energy intake remained (Sweden 7.19 MJ, Syria/Iraq 5.54 MJ, and Somalia 5.69 MJ). The groups also showed differences in relative energy contribution from fats and carbohydrates, as well as differences in energy intake from food groups such as bread and sweet snacks. We conclude that a dietary assessment instrument containing culture-specific foods could not resolve group differences in reported energy intake, although these foods provided content validity and contributed 17% of energy intake. The dietary habits collected in this study serve to develop new dietary assessment instruments.