bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sparse recovery of undersampled intensity patterns for coherent diffraction imaging at high X-ray energies
Authors: Maddali S. , Calvo-Almazan I. , Almer J. , Kenesei P. , Park J.-S. , Harder R. , Nashed Y. , Hruszkewycz S. O. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCoherent X-ray photons with energies higher than 50 keV offer new possibilities for imaging nanoscale lattice distortions in bulk crystalline materials using Bragg peak phase retrieval methods. However, the compression of reciprocal space at high energies typically results in poorly resolved fringes on an area detector, rendering the diffraction data unsuitable for the three-dimensional reconstruction of compact crystals. To address this problem, we propose a method by which to recover fine fringe detail in the scattered intensity. This recovery is achieved in two steps: multiple undersampled measurements are made by in-plane sub-pixel motion of the area detector, then this data set is passed to a sparsity-based numerical solver that recovers fringe detail suitable for standard Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) reconstruction methods of compact single crystals. The key insight of this paper is that sparsity in a BCDI data set can be enforced by recognising that the signal in the detector, though poorly resolved, is band-limited. This requires fewer in-plane detector translations for complete signal recovery, while adhering to information theory limits. We use simulated BCDI data sets to demonstrate the approach, outline our sparse recovery strategy, and comment on future opportunities.
Impact of prenatal stress on offspring glucocorticoid levels: A phylogenetic meta-analysis across 14 vertebrate species
Authors: Thayer Zaneta M. , Wilson Meredith A. , Kim Andrew W. , Jaeggi Adrian V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPrenatal exposure to maternal stress is commonly associated with variation in Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA)-axis functioning in offspring. However, the strength or consistency of this response has never been empirically evaluated across vertebrate species. Here we meta-analyzed 114 results from 39 studies across 14 vertebrate species using Bayesian phylogenetic mixed-effects models. We found a positive overall effect of prenatal stress on offspring glucocorticoids (d’ = 0.43) though the 95% Highest Posterior Density Interval overlapped with 0 (−0.16–0.95). Meta-regressions of potential moderators highlighted that phylogeny and life history variables predicted relatively little variation in effect size. Experimental studies (d’ = 0.64) produced stronger effects than observational ones (d’ = −0.01), while prenatal stress affected glucocorticoid recovery following offspring stress exposure more strongly (d’ = 0.75) than baseline levels (d’ = 0.48) or glucocorticoid peak response (d’ = 0.36). These findings are consistent with the argument that HPA-axis sensitivity to prenatal stress is evolutionarily ancient and occurs regardless of a species’ overall life history strategy. These effects may therefore be especially important for mediating intra-specific life-history variation. In addition, these findings suggest that animal models of prenatal HPA-axis programming may be appropriate for studying similar effects in humans.
Low temperature exposure induces browning of bone marrow stem cell derived adipocytes in vitro
Authors: Velickovic Ksenija , Lugo Leija Hilda Anaid , Bloor Ian , Law James , Sacks Harold , Symonds Michael , Sottile Virginie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBrown and beige adipocytes are characterised as expressing the unique mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP)1 for which the primary stimulus in vivo is cold exposure. The extent to which cold-induced UCP1 activation can also be achieved in vitro, and therefore perform a comparable cellular function, is unknown. We report an in vitro model to induce adipocyte browning using bone marrow (BM) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which relies on differentiation at 32 °C instead of 37 °C. The low temperature promoted browning in adipogenic cultures, with increased adipocyte differentiation and upregulation of adipogenic and thermogenic factors, especially UCP1. Cells exhibited enhanced uncoupled respiration and metabolic adaptation. Cold-exposed differentiated cells showed a marked translocation of leptin to adipocyte nuclei, suggesting a previously unknown role for leptin in the browning process. These results indicate that BM-MSC can be driven to forming beige-like adipocytes in vitro by exposure to a reduced temperature. This in vitro model will provide a powerful tool to elucidate the precise role of leptin and related hormones in hitherto functions in the browning process.
MFSD2B is a sphingosine 1-phosphate transporter in erythroid cells
Authors: Kobayashi Naoki , Kawasaki-Nishi Shoko , Otsuka Masato , Hisano Yu , Yamaguchi Akihito , Nishi Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an intercellular signaling molecule present in blood. Erythrocytes have a central role in maintaining the S1P concentration in the blood stream. We previously demonstrated that S1P is exported from erythrocytes by a glyburide-sensitive S1P transporter. However, the gene encoding the S1P transporter in erythrocytes is unknown. In this study, we found that the mouse erythroid cell line, MEDEP-E14, has S1P export activity and exhibits properties that are consistent with those of erythrocytes. Using microarray analysis of MEDEP-E14 cells and its parental cell line, E14TG2a, we identified several candidate genes for S1P export activity. Of those genes, only one gene, Mfsd2b, showed S1P transport activity. The properties of S1P release by MFSD2B were similar to those in erythrocytes. Moreover, knockout of MFSD2B in MEDEP-E14 cells decreased S1P export from the cells. These results strongly suggest that MFSD2B is a novel S1P transporter in erythroid cells.
Comparison of single cell sequencing data between two whole genome amplification methods on two sequencing platforms
Authors: Chen DaYang , Zhen HeFu , Qiu Yong , Liu Ping , Zeng Peng , Xia Jun , Shi QianYu , Xie Lin , Zhu Zhu , Gao Ya , Huang GuoDong , Wang Jian , Yang HuanMing , Chen Fang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractResearch based on a strategy of single-cell low-coverage whole genome sequencing (SLWGS) has enabled better reproducibility and accuracy for detection of copy number variations (CNVs). The whole genome amplification (WGA) method and sequencing platform are critical factors for successful SLWGS (<0.1 × coverage). In this study, we compared single cell and multiple cells sequencing data produced by the HiSeq2000 and Ion Proton platforms using two WGA kits and then comprehensively evaluated the GC-bias, reproducibility, uniformity and CNV detection among different experimental combinations. Our analysis demonstrated that the PicoPLEX WGA Kit resulted in higher reproducibility, lower sequencing error frequency but more GC-bias than the GenomePlex Single Cell WGA Kit (WGA4 kit) independent of the cell number on the HiSeq2000 platform. While on the Ion Proton platform, the WGA4 kit (both single cell and multiple cells) had higher uniformity and less GC-bias but lower reproducibility than those of the PicoPLEX WGA Kit. Moreover, on these two sequencing platforms, depending on cell number, the performance of the two WGA kits was different for both sensitivity and specificity on CNV detection. The results can help researchers who plan to use SLWGS on single or multiple cells to select appropriate experimental conditions for their applications.
Non-heuristic automatic techniques for overcoming low signal-to-noise-ratio bias of localization microscopy and multiple signal classification algorithm
Authors: Agarwal Krishna , Macháň Radek , Prasad Dilip K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLocalization microscopy and multiple signal classification algorithm use temporal stack of image frames of sparse emissions from fluorophores to provide super-resolution images. Localization microscopy localizes emissions in each image independently and later collates the localizations in all the frames, giving same weight to each frame irrespective of its signal-to-noise ratio. This results in a bias towards frames with low signal-to-noise ratio and causes cluttered background in the super-resolved image. User-defined heuristic computational filters are employed to remove a set of localizations in an attempt to overcome this bias. Multiple signal classification performs eigen-decomposition of the entire stack, irrespective of the relative signal-to-noise ratios of the frames, and uses a threshold to classify eigenimages into signal and null subspaces. This results in under-representation of frames with low signal-to-noise ratio in the signal space and over-representation in the null space. Thus, multiple signal classification algorithms is biased against frames with low signal-to-noise ratio resulting into suppression of the corresponding fluorophores. This paper presents techniques to automatically debias localization microscopy and multiple signal classification algorithm of these biases without compromising their resolution and without employing heuristics, user-defined criteria. The effect of debiasing is demonstrated through five datasets of invitro and fixed cell samples.
Broadband acoustic subwavelength imaging by rapidly modulated stratified media
Authors: Zhu Xing-Feng , Wei Qi , Wu Da-Jian , Liu Xiao-Jun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn acoustic anisotropic lens (AAL) based on large mass-density modulation depth (LMMD) medium is proposed for subwavelength imaging. The underlying mechanism for converting evanescent components into propagating waves is attributed to the strong suppression of the transverse velocity field component in LMMD medium. In addition, the proposed lens can operate in a broadband manner, which is more flexible in practical applications. Both transfer matrix method and finite element method are used to corroborate the subwavelength imaging capabilities of the proposed lens. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed lens can clearly distinguish two Gaussian sources with equal width of λ0/25 and separation of λ0/5 in a broad frequency bandwidth. Medium losses decrease the transmission but cannot compromise the resolution of the lens.
Significant wave height extraction using a low‐frequency HFSWR system under low sea state
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Yu Changjun , Su Fulin , Quan Taifan , Chu Xiaoliang , Wang Shuyao 
Published: March 2018

High‐frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) systems are usually located on the coast and measure electromagnetic backscatter from the sea in the 3–30 MHz band. Based on the theory of ground wave propagation, the detection distance of a low‐frequency HFSWR system could be longer that of a high‐frequency one. Therefore, a low‐frequency HFSWR system is more suitable to extract the significant wave height at a distance. The Barrick's algorithm‐based significant wave height extraction method is widely used, and the accuracy of the method has been validated by a large number of experiments. However, it is important to note that under the low sea state, the wave conditions of the data recorded by a low‐frequency HFSWR system may not satisfy the wave height condition required in Barrick's algorithm. Hence, the algorithm may produce unreliable results. To address this issue, a method based on Barrick's algorithm, a new non‐linear model, and the radial basis function neural network is proposed. Simulations on real‐world data collected on the coast of the Tianjin from 1 May 2015 to 25 May 2015 support the method developed.
Abklärung von Suizidalität – So helfen Sie gefährdeten Patienten
Authors: Flüchter Peter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSuicidality is a complex process with social, individual and medical aspects. Almost every doctor – regardless of discipline – must at some point treat and care for people in suicidal crises. It is important then, to assess the situation correctly and to recognize an acute suicidal risk. Below you will read what to look for and how you can help the patient the best in that difficult situation.
Update on Transumbilical Single-Incision Laparoscopic Assisted Appendectomy (TULAA) – Which Children Benefit and What are the Complications?
Authors: Dübbers Martin , Nikolaou Elena , Fuchs Hans , Fischer Janina , Alakus Hakan , Leers Jessica , Bruns Christiane , Cernaianu Grigore 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background Transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy (TULAA) is fast and cost-effective since no endoloops, staplers or wound protection devices are used. We analyzed the effects of TULAA as first approach for perforated (PA) and non-perforated (NPA) appendicitis in children.
Patients We performed a retrospective analysis of 181 children for whom TULAA was the first approach for appendicitis between October 2010 and March 2016.
Methods Morbidity, additional laparoscopic instrument insertion (AI), conversions to open extraumbilical appendectomy (OC), and complications were evaluated.
Results TULAA was initiated in 181 (87.4%) children (113 boys: 68 girls). Median age was 10.3 years (3.3–13.9 years) and BMI 16.8 kg/m2 (12.4–30.8). Appendicitis was non-perforated in 157 (86.7%) and perforated in 24 (13.3%) patients. TULAA was finalized in 142 (78.5%) patients, AI were inserted in 20 (11%) and OC were performed in 19 (10.5%) patients. Duration of surgery did not exceed 20 min for 12.8%, and 30 min for 43.6% of patients with TULAA and NPA. The rate of wound infections did not differ between procedures (TULAA 3/142 (2.1%), AI 0 (0%), OC 1/19 (5.3%), P=1.000). Further postoperative course was uneventful in 179 (98.9%) patients.
Conclusion TULAA can be used as first approach for appendicitis in all children with a low rate of complications. Extracorporeal appendix stump closure can be safely achieved in the majority of children without using laparoscopic disposable devices.
Resonance with subthreshold oscillatory drive organizes activity and optimizes learning in neural networks
Authors: Roach James P. , Pidde Aleksandra , Katz Eitan , Wu Jiaxing , Ognjanovski Nicolette , Aton Sara J. , Zochowski Michal R. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Networks of neurons need to reliably encode and replay patterns and sequences of activity. In the brain, sequences of spatially coding neurons are replayed in both the forward and reverse direction in time with respect to their order in recent experience. As of yet there is no network-level or biophysical mechanism known that can produce both modes of replay within the same network. Here we propose that resonance, a property of neurons, paired with subthreshold oscillations in neural input facilitate network-level learning of fixed and sequential activity patterns and lead to both forward and reverse replay.
Busting a myth with the Bayes Factor
Authors: Schmalz Xenia , Mulatti Claudio 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Psycholinguistic researchers identify linguistic variables and assess if they affect cognitive processes. One such variable is letter bigram frequency, or the frequency with which a given letter pair co-occurs in an orthography. While early studies reported that bigram frequency affects visual lexical decision, subsequent, well-controlled studies not shown this effect. Still, researchers continue to use it as a control variable in psycholinguistic experiments. We propose two reasons for the persistence of this variable: (1) Reporting no significant effect of bigram frequency cannot provide evidence for no effect. (2) Despite empirical work, theoretical implications of bigram frequency are largely neglected. We perform Bayes Factor analyses to address the first issue. In analyses of existing large-scale databases, we find no effect of bigram frequency in lexical decision in the British Lexicon Project, and some evidence for an inhibitory effect in the English Lexicon Project. We find strong evidence for an effect in reading aloud. This suggests that, for lexical decision, the effect is unstable, and may depend on item characteristics and task demands rather than reflecting cognitive processes underlying visual word recognition. We call for more consideration of theoretical implications of the presence or absence of a bigram frequency effect.
Two British think tanks after the global financial crisis: intellectual and institutional transformations
Authors: Gonzalez Hernando Marcos 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The New Economics Foundation and the Adam Smith Institute are at opposite ends of the British think tank scene.As such, their policy proposals following the 2008 financial crisis could hardly be more different. Whereas NEF saw the crisis as an opportunity to advance substantial reforms to the British economic model, the ASI sought to combat surging criticisms of market deregulation and found the root of the crisis in state intervention. Given these contrasts, this article traces these organisations’ intellectual and institutional transformations between 2007 and 2013. Based on interviews and documentary analysis, this paper compares their organisational structure, sponsors, output and perceived policy impact. Overall, the financial crisis had substantial effects on these think tanks’ research and funding, but perhaps the most significant transformation relates to their efforts to reposition themselves to reach and construct new publics. By 2013, NEF promoted alternative narrative frames to the austerity discourse, while the ASI sought to reach those ‘not already convinced’ of the advantages of free markets.
Oxygen uptake during mini trampoline exercise in normal‐weight, endurance‐trained adults and in overweight‐obese, inactive adults: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Höchsmann Christoph , Rossmeissl Anja , Baumann Sandra , Infanger Denis , Schmidt‐Trucksäss Arno 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectives: To examine cardiorespiratory exertion during mini trampoline exercises of different intensities in both endurance‐trained athletes and overweight‐obese adults. Methods: Physically healthy participants (Group A: normal‐weight, endurance‐trained athletes; Group B: inactive, overweight‐obese adults) participated in two measurement appointments and three training sessions in between appointments, in which participants familiarized themselves with the use of the mini trampoline and the execution of the exercises. The primary outcome was the ⩒O2peak for each of the six mini trampoline exercises relative to the ⩒O2peak as established during an all‐out exercise test on a bike ergometer during the first measurement appointment. Secondary outcomes were average ⩒O2 as well as maximum and average heart rate. Results: The six mini trampoline exercises generated ⩒O2peak values between 42% and 81% in the endurance‐trained athletes and between 58% and 87% in the overweight‐obese participants, both in relation to the bike ergometer ⩒O2peak. Average ⩒O2 values ranged from 35% to 69% (endurance‐trained athletes) and from 48% to 71% (overweight‐obese participants), depending on exercise. Average heart rate likewise lay in a range that can be categorized as moderate‐to‐vigorous aerobic exercise for both groups. A moderate‐to‐strong correlation (0.658 to 0.875, depending on exercise) between bike ergometer ⩒O2peak and mini trampoline ⩒O2peak was found for all six exercises. Conclusions: Mini trampoline exercise has the potential to produce training intensities that concur with established exercise guidelines. The exercise intensity is self‐adjusting and allows for an effective and safe workout for different users with a wide range of fitness levels.
Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS)
Authors: D’Orsi Carl 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This chapter, devoted to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), describes the standardized language applied to findings in mammography, breast ultrasound, and breast MRI. BI-RADS terms most frequently used are described, and most are illustrated by figures. In addition, the rules for a facility and radiologist audit are described, with definitions of true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN), and false negative (FN) findings. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive values 1, 2, and 3 (PPV1, 2, 3), and cancer detection rate are defined. An example of an audit is provided to clarify the use of these metrics.
Successful Microvascular Decompression For Trigeminal Neuralgia Secondary to a Persistent Trigeminal Artery
Authors: Ma Shunchang , Agarwalla Pankaj K , van Loveren Harry R , Agazzi Siviero 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is a rare but important anatomic variant that contributes to trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Microvascular decompression (MVD) of the responsible vessel(s) away from the trigeminal nerve provides the most complete and durable relief from TN. The role and technique of MVD for TN associated with a PTA has not been fully defined in the literature. Furthermore, assessment of PTA anatomy intraoperatively with a microscope is challenging. We report the first 3-dimensional (3D) microscopic video and first intraoperative endoscopic video of a successful MVD of the trigeminal nerve in a patient who suffered TN from a tortuous, compressive PTA.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 66-yr-old right-handed female presented with right facial pain in V2 and V3 distributions with a clinical picture of TN. Imaging demonstrated trigeminal nerve compression secondary to a PTA and MVD was performed with a 3D operative microscope and an endoscope. The PTA appeared to compress the nerve directly at the trigeminal porus and also had compressive superior cerebellar artery variant branches. The nerve was decompressed at all points of compression with Teflon pledgets along its entire cisternal length. Postoperatively, she is free with trigeminal pain episodes at 4-mo follow-up.

CONCLUSION
In cases of TN associated with a PTA, we recommend decompression along the entire length of the nerve wherever there is compression. Furthermore, we find both the operative microscope and particularly the endoscope useful to assess vascular anatomy intraoperatively.