bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Added value of chromosomal microarray analysis over conventional karyotyping in stillbirth work‐up: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Martinez‐Portilla R. J. , Pauta M. , Hawkins‐Villarreal A. , Rial‐Crestelo M. , Paz y Miño F. , Madrigal I. , Figueras F. , Borrell A. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the added value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) over conventional karyotyping to assess the genetic causes in stillbirth.MethodsTo identify relevant studies, published in English or Spanish and without publication time restrictions, we performed a systematic search of PubMed, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Science databases, The Cochrane Library and the PROSPERO register of systematic reviews, for case series of fetal loss ≥ 20 weeks of gestation, with normal or suspected normal karyotype, undergoing CMA and with at least five subjects analyzed. To investigate quality, two reviewers evaluated independently the risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS‐2) tool. For the meta‐analysis, the incremental yield of CMA over karyotyping was assessed by single‐proportion analysis using a random‐effects model (weighting by inverse variance). We assessed heterogeneity between studies and performed a sensitivity analysis and a subgroup analysis of structurally abnormal (malformed or growth‐restricted) and normal fetuses.ResultsIncluded in the meta‐analysis were seven studies involving 903 stillborn fetuses which had normal karyotype. The test success rate achieved by conventional cytogenetic analysis was 75%, while that for CMA was 90%. The incremental yield of CMA over conventional karyotyping based on the random‐effects model was 4% (95% CI, 3–5%) for pathogenic copy‐number variants (pCNVs) and 8% (95% CI, 4–17%) for variants of unknown significance. Subgroup analysis showed a 6% (95% CI, 4–10%) incremental yield of CMA for pCNVs in structurally abnormal fetuses and 3% (95% CI, 1–5%) incremental yield for those in structurally normal fetuses. The pCNV found most commonly was del22q11.21.ConclusionsCMA, incorporated into the stillbirth work‐up, improves both the test success rate and the detection of genetic anomalies compared with conventional karyotyping. To achieve a genetic diagnosis in stillbirth is particularly relevant for the purpose of counseling regarding future pregnancies. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Tetanus outbreak in a sheep flock due to ear tagging
Authors: Lotfollahzadeh Samad , Heydari Masoumeh , Mohebbi Mohammad Reza , Hashemian Maryam 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTetanus is an acute, often fatal, infectious neuromuscular disease in all farmed mammals caused by Clostridium tetani. The disease is sporadic but outbreaks of tetanus have been described, as a result of wound contaminated with spores of C. tetani, which sporulates to the vegetative form and produce toxins. The present study reports an outbreak of tetanus in a sheep flock, shortly after ear tagging. Three sheep from a large flock (with a population of 1000 sheep) were presented with signs of: convulsion, limb stiffness, incoordination and trismus (“lock jaw”). There were wounds and scabs in most livestock where ear tags had been attached 1 week prior. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia, dyspnoea with dilated nostrils, mild fever, erected ear pinnae, teeth grinding, mild bloat, muscles rigidity, prolapse of third eyelid and anxiety. According to the history stated by the owner, the case fatality rate of the disease from the beginning was 50% during the outbreak. Necropsy did not reveal any significant finding. Gram‐positive bacilli with terminal spores representing C. tetani were isolated in anaerobic cultures which were taken from ear wounds. Procaine penicillin G was administrated at 20 000 IU/kg BW for 5 days, but antiglobulin was not available to treat affected animals. Mortality significantly declined one day after onset of treatment. In this report, the organism was probably introduced by contaminated instruments which were used for ear tagging of sheep. Wound exudation and adhesion following rubbing, created a favourable anaerobic condition for the spores to germinate with production of neurotoxin. Vaccination can protect animals against tetanus, but it does not preclude the need to apply standard hygienic principles when performing management procedures causing wounds. In pasture holding system, many pathogens are present in environment, so tetanus should be considered important in farm animals, because of its high fatality rate and the long course of convalescence.
The influence of GAPT extraction on synapse loss of APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice via adjusting Bcl‐2/Bax balance
Authors: Shi Jing , Zhang Xuekai , Ni Jingnian , Wei Mingqing , Li Ting , Zhou Bingling , Liu Xiawei , Zhang Liping , Wang Pengwen , Tian Jinzhou , Wang Yongyan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe degeneration of memory‐focused synapses play important roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, while it is not well known how β amyloid interferes neuron apoptosis and how a herbal combination GAPT influence synapse loss and neuronal apoptosis pathways of APP/PS1 transgenic mice.MethodsThree‐month and six‐month APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were used. Spatial and memory ability were measured by Morris Water Maze, Neuron and synapse number were assessed by electron microscope; Aβ, Bcl‐2/Bax were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot.ResultsAPP/PS1 mice not only had increased Aβ accumulation, impaired memory performance, less synapse number, and much more necrosed neurons, but also had significant reduction in the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio. However, GAPT and donepezil showed improved memory performance, less Aβ accumulation, increased neuron and synapse number, as well as restored balance of Bcl‐2/Bax.DiscussionGAPT may improve cognitive functions via both reducing Aβ deposition and restoring Bcl‐2/Bax balance of neuron.
An intra-party account of electoral system choice
Authors: Schröder Valentin , Manow Philip 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe present an intra-party account of electoral reform, contrasting the incentives of legislators (MPs) with those of party leaders. We develop our argument along the switch to proportional representation (PR) in early 20th century Europe. District-level electoral alliances allowed bourgeois MPs to counter the “socialist threat” under the electoral systems in place. PR was thus unnecessary from the seat-maximizing perspective that dominates previous accounts—intra-party considerations were crucial: candidate nomination and legislative cohesion. We show our argument to hold empirically both for the prototypical case of Germany, 1890–1920, using encompassing district-level data on candidatures, elections, electoral alliances, roll call votes and a series of simulations on reform effects; and for the implementation of electoral reforms in 29 countries, 1900–31.
Remobilization of Old Permafrost Carbon to Chukchi Sea Sediments During the End of the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Martens Jannik , Wild Birgit , Pearce Christof , Tesi Tommaso , Andersson August , Bröder Lisa , O'Regan Matt , Jakobsson Martin , Sköld Martin , Gemery Laura , Cronin Thomas M. , Semiletov Igor , Dudarev Oleg V. , Gustafsson Örjan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractClimate warming is expected to destabilize permafrost carbon (PF‐C) by thaw‐erosion and deepening of the seasonally thawed active layer and thereby promote PF‐C mineralization to CO2 and CH4. A similar PF‐C remobilization might have contributed to the increase in atmospheric CO2 during deglacial warming after the last glacial maximum. Using carbon isotopes and terrestrial biomarkers (Δ14C, δ13C, and lignin phenols), this study quantifies deposition of terrestrial carbon originating from permafrost in sediments from the Chukchi Sea (core SWERUS‐L2‐4‐PC1). The sediment core reconstructs remobilization of permafrost carbon during the late Allerød warm period starting at 13,000 cal years before present (BP), the Younger Dryas, and the early Holocene warming until 11,000 cal years BP and compares this period with the late Holocene, from 3,650 years BP until present. Dual‐carbon‐isotope‐based source apportionment demonstrates that Ice Complex Deposit—ice‐ and carbon‐rich permafrost from the late Pleistocene (also referred to as Yedoma)—was the dominant source of organic carbon (66 ± 8%; mean ± standard deviation) to sediments during the end of the deglaciation, with fluxes more than twice as high (8.0 ± 4.6 g·m−2·year−1) as in the late Holocene (3.1 ± 1.0 g·m−2·year−1). These results are consistent with late deglacial PF‐C remobilization observed in a Laptev Sea record, yet in contrast with PF‐C sources, which at that location were dominated by active layer material from the Lena River watershed. Release of dormant PF‐C from erosion of coastal permafrost during the end of the last deglaciation indicates vulnerability of Ice Complex Deposit in response to future warming and sea level changes.
High-resolution acoustophoretic 3D cell patterning to construct functional collateral cylindroids for ischemia therapy
Authors: Kang Byungjun , Shin Jisoo , Park Hyun-Ji , Rhyou Chanryeol , Kang Donyoung , Lee Shin-Jeong , Yoon Young-sup , Cho Seung-Woo , Lee Hyungsuk 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe fabrication of functional tissues is essential for clinical applications such as disease treatment and drug discovery. Recent studies have revealed that the mechanical environments of tissues, determined by geometric cell patterns, material composition, or mechanical properties, play critical roles in ensuring proper tissue function. Here, we propose an acoustophoretic technique using surface acoustic waves to fabricate therapeutic vascular tissue containing a three-dimensional collateral distribution of vessels. Co-aligned human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human adipose stem cells that are arranged in a biodegradable catechol-conjugated hyaluronic acid hydrogel exhibit enhanced cell-cell contacts, gene expression, and secretion of angiogenic and anti-inflammatory paracrine factors. The therapeutic effects of the fabricated vessel constructs are demonstrated in experiments using an ischemia mouse model by exhibiting the remarkable recovery of damaged tissue. Our study can be referenced to fabricate various types of artificial tissues that mimic the original functions as well as structures.
Electrical appliances moderate households’ water demand response to heat
Authors: Salvo Alberto 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAnalysis of potentially interconnected residential water and energy demand is sparse. In a 1-in-10 random sample of Singapore households living in apartments, water use per capita declines over the socioeconomic distribution, whereas electricity use rises. Here I show that in this leading Asian city and tropical climate, water and electricity demand respond differentially to heat across different socioeconomic groups. When temperatures rise, water demand increases among lower-income households but remains unchanged among higher-income households. In sharp contrast, heat induces larger shifts in electricity demand among higher-income households. With air-conditioner penetration ranging from 14 to 99% across different socioeconomic groups, my interpretation is that water provides heat relief for households that have yet to adopt air conditioning. How Singaporeans’ resource demands respond to heat at different income levels can inform the future responses of a vast urban population on rising incomes living in the water-stressed tropics, in similar and warming climates.
Hyades tidal tails revealed by Gaia DR2
Authors: Röser Siegfried , Schilbach Elena , Goldman Bertrand 
Published: December 2018

Aims. Within a 200 pc sphere around the Sun, we search for the Hyades tidal tails in the Gaia DR2 dataset.
Methods. We used a modified convergent-point method to search for stars with space velocities close to the space velocity of the Hyades cluster.
Results. We find a clear indication for the existence of the Hyades tidal tails, a leading tail extending up to 170 pc from the centre of the Hyades with 292 stars (36 contaminants), and a trailing tail up to 70 pc with 237 stars (32 contaminants). A comparison with an N-body model of the cluster and its tails shows remarkably good coincidence. Five white dwarfs are found in the tails.
Azetabuläre Revision: Rekonstruktion kavitärer und segmentaler Defekte unter besonderer Berücksichtigung modularer hoch poröser Pfannensysteme
Authors: Freitag Tobias , Faschingbauer Martin , Lutz Bernd , Bieger Ralf , Reichel Heiko 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der steigenden Zahl endoprothetischer Primärimplantationen am Hüftgelenk werden auch Wechseleingriffe eine zunehmende Herausforderung darstellen. Nicht selten wird der Operateur hierbei mit relevanten azetabulären Defektsituationen konfrontiert. Eine sorgfältige präoperative Planung ist unerlässlich, um für den Patienten eine funktionell zufriedenstellende und möglichst langfristige Versorgung zu erreichen. Zu den Behandlungsmöglichkeiten azetabulärer Defekte gehören poröse hemisphärische Pfannen, metallische Augmente, elliptische Pfannen, zementierte Implantate, Ringe, Allotransplantate, Individualimplantate und Kombinationen der genannten Komponenten. Neben großen hemisphärischen Pfannen werden zunehmend modulare hoch poröse Revisionssysteme zur Versorgung höhergradiger Defektsituationen eingesetzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über die relevante Literatur und implantatspezifische Besonderheiten der unterschiedlichen Versorgungsstrategien.
Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction in Pregnancy: an App-Based Programme to Improve the Health of Mothers and Children (MINDFUL/PMI Study)
Authors: Lenz Bernd , Eichler Anna , Schwenke Eva , Buchholz Verena , Hartwig Charlotte , Moll Gunther , Reich Karin , Mühle Christiane , Volz Bernhard , Titzmann Adriana , Beckmann Matthias , Heinrich Hartmut , Kornhuber Johannes , Fasching Peter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUnfavourable intrauterine environmental factors increase the risk of delivery complications as well as postpartum developmental and behavioural problems in children and adolescents with ongoing effects into older age. Biomarker studies show that maternal stress and the use of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy are associated with a higher intrauterine testosterone exposure of the child. The antenatal testosterone load, in turn, is a risk factor for lasting adverse health effects which extend into adulthood. A 15-week, mindfulness-oriented, app-based programme for the reduction of stress as well as for the reduction of alcohol and tobacco use in pregnant women is established. In the monocentre, prospective, controlled, and investigator-blinded MINDFUL/PMI (Maternal Health and Infant Development in the Follow-up after Pregnancy and a Mindfulness Intervention) study, pregnant women carry out the programme. Its effect on antenatal testosterone exposure of the child is examined by assessing the index/ring finger length ratio and other biomarkers in the 1-year-old children. In addition, the programmeʼs effects on self-regulation, the developmental status and the mental health of the children at the age of one year will be investigated. Additional aspects of the course of the pregnancy and delivery represent exploratory study objectives. This longitudinal study project is intended to improve the understanding of the impact of intrauterine environmental factors on early childhood development and health. Maternal stress as well as alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy are modifiable factors and represent potential preventive targets.
Fertility, Pregnancy and Lactation After Bariatric Surgery – a Consensus Statement from the OEGGG
Authors: Stopp Tina , Falcone Veronica , Feichtinger Michael , Göbl Christian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBariatric surgery is recommended when other weight loss interventions, such as lifestyle modification or medications, have failed. A considerable number of women undergoing bariatric surgery are of childbearing age; hence, it is necessary to be aware of the effects of bariatric surgery on pregnancy for managing these patients. Although bariatric surgery is associated with positive effects on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters, side effects such as anaemia, the risk of developing internal hernia, altered glucose metabolism and the risk of small for gestational age offspring have to be considered. Pregnant women with a history of gastric bypass should not undergo the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) due to the high risk of hypoglycaemia. There are no contraindications for vaginal delivery and breastfeeding. This paper has been published as a consensus statement by the Austrian Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG).
Joint Guideline of the OEGGG, AGO, AGK and ÖGZ on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Appropriate Procedures When Cytological
Specimens Are Unsatisfactory
Authors: Reich Olaf , Braune Georg , Eppel Wolfgang , Fiedler Thomas , Graf Anton , Hefler Lukas , Joura Elmar , Kölbl Heinz , Marth Christian , Pokieser Wolfgang , Regitnig Peter , Reinthaller Alexander , Tamussino Karl , Widschwendter Andreas , Zeimet Alain , Kohlberger Petra 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Purpose On January 1st, 2018, the ÖGZ (Austrian Society of Cytology) revised its cytological nomenclature to make it more similar to the 2015 Bethesda system. Following these
changes, the Austrian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics felt it necessary to revise the approach currently used in Austria to diagnose and treat CIN and to review the procedures to be
followed when the quality of cytological specimens is unsatisfactory. It was not possible to adopt the German S3 guideline “Prevention of Cervical Cancer” in its entirety, because the Munich
III gynecological cytology nomenclature used in Germany is not used in Austria. This made it necessary to compile a separate scientific opinion for Austria.
Methodology The OEGGG worked together with the ÖGZ (Austrian Society for Cytology), AGO Austria (Austrian Working Group for Gynecological Oncology), the AGK (Colposcopy Working
Group), and physicians representing gynecologists in private practice. The different scientific associations nominated representatives, who attended the various meetings. After an in-depth
analysis of the recent literature, three meetings and numerous votes by telephone, we were able to achieve a consensus about the contents of this guideline.
Recommendations The guideline provides recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of CIN which take account of the gynecological cytology nomenclature used in Austria.
2018 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapya
Authors: Norris Anne H , Shrestha Nabin K , Allison Genève M , Keller Sara C , Bhavan Kavita P , Zurlo John J , Hersh Adam L , Gorski Lisa A , Bosso John A , Rathore Mobeen H , Arrieta Antonio , Petrak Russell M , Shah Akshay , Brown Richard B , Knight Shandra L , Umscheid Craig A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A panel of experts was convened by the Infectious Diseases Society of America to update the 2004 clinical practice guideline on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) [1]. This guideline is intended to provide insight for healthcare professionals who prescribe and oversee the provision of OPAT. It considers various patient features, infusion catheter issues, monitoring questions, and antimicrobial stewardship concerns. It does not offer recommendations on the treatment of specific infections. The reader is referred to disease- or organism-specific guidelines for such support.
RAEdb: a database of enhancers identified by high-throughput reporter assays
Authors: Cai Zena , Cui Ya , Tan Zhiying , Zhang Gaihua , Tan Zhongyang , Zhang Xinlei , Peng Yousong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHigh-throughput reporter assays have been recently developed to directly and quantitatively assess enhancer activity for thousands of regulatory elements. However, there is still no database to collect these enhancers. We developed RAEdb, the first database to collect enhancers identified by high-throughput reporter assays. RAEdb includes 538 320 enhancers derived from eight studies, most of which were from six human cell lines. An activity score was assigned to each enhancer based on reporter assays. Based on these enhancers, 7658 epromoters (promoters with enhancer activity) were identified and stored in the database. RAEdb provides two ways of searches: the first is to search studies by species and cell line; the other is to search enhancers or epromoters by position, activity score, sequence and gene. RAEdb also provides a genome browser to query, visualize and compare enhancers. All data in RAEdb is freely available for download.
Shipping the good coffee out: the Alchian–Allen theorem and relative demand for Brazilian Arabica and Robusta coffees
Authors: Miljkovic Dragan , Gómez Miguel I 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe validity of the Alchian–Allen (AA) theorem is tested for the export demand of Brazilian Arabica (high-quality) and Robusta (low-quality) coffees. We check for robustness using different model specifications, estimation procedures and time periods. Given that international prices for both Brazilian naturals (Arabica varieties) and Robusta are determined on international commodity exchanges, the change in relative price varies by country only due to changes in transportation costs. Results show that the consumption of Arabica increases relative to the consumption of Robusta with distance, therefore with the corresponding increasing per-unit transportation cost. We confirm that GDP per capita does not impact relative demand for coffee.
Lower Skeletal Muscle Mass at Admission Independently Predicts Falls and Mortality 3 Months Post-discharge in Hospitalized Older Patients
Authors: Reijnierse Esmee M , Verlaan Sjors , Pham Vivien K , Lim Wen Kwang , Meskers Carel G M , Maier Andrea B 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Approximately 10% of older adults are annually admitted to a hospital. Hospitalization is associated with a higher risk of falls and mortality after discharge. This study aimed to identify predictors at admission for falls and mortality 3 months post-discharge in hospitalized older patients.

Methods
The Evaluation of Muscle parameters in a Prospective cohort of Older patients at clinical Wards Exploring Relations with bed rest and malnutrition (EMPOWER) study is an observational, prospective longitudinal inception cohort of 378 patients aged 70 years and older who were subsequently admitted to a tertiary hospital (the Netherlands). Potential predictors for falls and mortality 3 months post-discharge were tested using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and included the following domains: demographic (age, sex, living independently), lifestyle (alcohol, smoking), nutrition (SNAQ score), muscle mass (absolute, relative), physical function (handgrip strength, Katz ADL score), cognition (six-item cognitive impairment test score), and disease (medications, diseases).

Results
The mean age was 79.6 years (standard deviation 6.23) and 50% were male. Within 3 months post-discharge, 19% reported a fall and 13% deceased. Univariate predictors for falls were higher age, lower absolute muscle mass and higher six-item cognitive impairment test score. Lower absolute muscle mass independently predicted falls post-discharge (multivariate). Univariate predictors for mortality were higher age, male sex, no current alcohol use, higher SNAQ score, lower absolute and higher relative muscle mass, higher Katz ADL score and higher number of diseases. Male sex, higher SNAQ score, and lower absolute muscle mass independently predicted mortality post-discharge (multivariate).

Conclusions
In hospitalized older adults, muscle mass should be measured to predict future outcome. Future intervention studies should investigate if increasing muscle mass prevent short-term falls and mortality.