bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Utility of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory Participation Index (M2PI) in US Military Veterans With a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: O'Rourke Justin , Critchfield Edan , Soble Jason , Bain Kathleen , Fullen Chrystal , Eapen Blessen 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
To examine the utility of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory–4th Edition Participation Index (M2PI) as a self-report measure of functional outcome following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in US Military veterans.

Setting:
Department of Veterans Affairs Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center specialty hospital.

Participants:
On hundred thirty-nine veterans with a history of self-reported mTBI.

Design:
Retrospective cross-sectional examination of data collected from regular clinical visits.

Main Measures:
M2PI, Neurobehavioral Symptoms Inventory with embedded validity measures, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Military Version.

Results:
Forty-one percent of the sample provided symptom reports that exceeded established cut scores on embedded symptom validity tests. Invalid responders had higher levels of unemployment and endorsed significantly greater functional impairment, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and postconcussive complaints. For valid responders, regression analyses revealed that self-reported functioning was primarily related to posttraumatic stress complaints, followed by postconcussive cognitive complaints. For invalid responders, posttraumatic stress complaints also predicted self-reported functioning.

Conclusion:
Caution is recommended when utilizing the M2PI to measure functional outcome following mTBI in military veterans, particularly in the absence of symptom validity tests.
FOCAL DISRUPTIONS IN ELLIPSOID ZONE AND INTERDIGITATION ZONE ON SPECTRAL-DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN PACHYCHOROID PIGMENT EPITHELIOPATHY
Authors: Lee Jae Hyung , Kim Jun Yong , Jung Byung Ju , Lee Won Ki 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To describe a distinctive focal disruption of the ellipsoid zone (EZ)/interdigitation zone (IZ) determined by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in eyes with pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy.

Methods:
Twenty patients with focal EZ/IZ disruptions associated with pachychoroid without history or findings indicative of subretinal fluid were evaluated. Detailed clinical/imaging characteristics and their longitudinal changes were evaluated.

Results:
A total of 27 lesions from 21 eyes were included. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 450 μm. In six of seven eyes with previous imaging data to compare, characteristic drusenoid lesions associated with thick choroid preceded focal EZ/IZ disruptions at the corresponding sites. Dilated outer choroidal vessels were noted beneath the focal EZ/IZ disruption in 24 lesions (88.9%), with attenuation of choriocapillaris in 18 lesions (66.7%). The external limiting membrane was intact in all lesions. All except three eyes did not show morphologic changes, and mean visual acuity was maintained (Snellen equivalent, 20/25) during a mean follow-up period of 20 months.

Conclusion:
Focal disruptions of the EZ/IZ band can develop in pachychoroid eyes in the absence of subretinal fluid, with a stable clinical course, and possibly as a result of regression of drusenoid lesions. This may represent an atrophic form of pachychoroid manifestation.
Changes in the ABCD Keratoconus Grade After Intracorneal Ring Segment Implantation
Authors: Sedaghat Mohammad-Reza , Momeni-Moghaddam Hamed , Belin Michael W. , Zarei-Ghanavati Siamak , Akbarzadeh Reyhaneh , Sabzi Fatemeh , Yekta Abbas-Ali , Sadeghi Allahabadi Javad 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To assess the changes in the ABCD keratoconus staging system 6 months after intracorneal ring segment implantation.

Methods:
Fifty eyes of 50 patients with keratoconus who were implanted with the Keraring (Mediphacos, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) using the femtosecond laser were assessed. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included determination of distance uncorrected visual acuity and distance corrected visual acuity (DCVA), refraction, and Scheimpflug tomography with the Pentacam HR. In the ABCD keratoconus staging system, the elements A, B, C, and D stand for anterior and posterior radii of curvature in a 3.0-mm zone centered on the thinnest point (TP), corneal thickness at the TP, and DCVA, respectively.

Results:
Keraring implantation produced significant flattening changes (preoperatively vs. postoperatively) in the anterior (6.60 ± 0.48 vs. 7.22 ± 0.57 mm, P < 0.001) and posterior (4.99 ± 0.47 vs. 5.16 ± 0.53 mm, P = 0.002) radii of curvature of the 3-mm zone centered on the corneal TP associated with a statistically significant improvement in the DCVA (0.56 ± 0.24 vs. 0.70 ± 0.22 in the decimal notation, P = 0.001) with no significant change in the corneal thickness at the TP (P = 0.285). The most changes occurred in element A of the ABCD keratoconus classification. Also, a 1-stage change was observed for element B, whereas elements C and D did not show changes in their postoperative stages after ring implantation. ABCD keratoconus staging before ring implantation was A2B3C2D1 and changed to A1B2C2D1 6 months after surgery.

Conclusions:
The ABCD staging system provides a more comprehensive guide that better illustrates the structural changes and visual acuity as one aspect of visual function after the implantation of the intrastromal corneal ring segments.
Prospective Changes in Vestibular and Ocular Motor Impairment After Concussion
Authors: Elbin R. J. , Sufrinko Alicia , Anderson Morgan N. , Mohler Samantha , Schatz Philip , Covassin Tracey , Mucha Anne , Collins Michael W. , Kontos Anthony P. 
Published: June 2018

Background and Purpose:
The utility of prospective changes on the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) assessment are unknown, and 2 methods of scoring are published in the literature. Total scores are the total symptom scores for each VOMS component, and change scores are the difference between the pretest total symptom score and component total symptom scores. This study documented prospective changes in vestibular and ocular motor impairments and symptoms in high school athletes with concussion using the total and change scoring methods and compared the percentage of scores over clinical cutoffs using the total and change scoring methods for the VOMS.

Methods:
Sixty-three athletes (15.53 ± 1.06 years) completed the VOMS at baseline (ie, preinjury), 1 to 7 days, and 8 to 14 days after concussion. A series of repeated-measures multivariate analyses of variance were conducted on total and change scores. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed on the near-point convergence distance. A series of χ2 analyses compared scores exceeding clinical cutoffs between the total and change scoring methods.

Results:
Total scoring revealed impairments (Wilks λ = 0.39, F
16,47 = 4.54, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.61) on all VOMS components at 1 to 7 and 8 to 14 days compared to baseline. Change scoring revealed postinjury impairments compared with baseline (Wilks λ = 0.58, F
14,49 = 2.52, P = 0.009, η2 = 0.42) on all components at 1 to 7 days; however, impairments at 8 to 14 days were revealed only for the vertical vestibular oculomotor reflex and vestibular motor sensitivity components. Total scoring identified significantly more scores over cutoffs at 1 to 7 days (χ1,63
2 = 5.97, P = 0.02) compared with change scores.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Both total and change scoring methods on the VOMS are useful for identifying impairments following concussion.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A230)
Evaluation of a Paradigm to Investigate Detection of Road Hazards when Using a Bioptic Telescope
Authors: Bowers Alex R. , Bronstad P. Matthew , Spano Lauren P. , Huq Bidisha , Tang Xiaolan , Doherty Amy , Peli Eli , Luo Gang 
Published: June 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
A new driving simulator paradigm was developed and evaluated that will enable future investigations of the effects of the ring scotoma in bioptic drivers with diverse vision impairments and different telescope designs.

PURPOSE
The ring scotoma may impair detection of peripheral hazards when viewing through a bioptic telescope. To investigate this question, we developed and tested a sign-reading and pedestrian-detection paradigm in a driving simulator.

METHODS
Twelve normally sighted subjects with simulated acuity loss (median 20/120) used a 3.0× monocular bioptic to read 36 road signs while driving in a simulator. Thirteen of 21 pedestrian hazards appeared and ran on the road for 1 second within the ring scotoma while participants were reading signs through the bioptic. Head movements were analyzed to determine whether the pedestrian appeared before or only while using the bioptic. Six subjects viewed binocularly, and six viewed monocularly (fellow eye patched). Two patients with real visual acuity loss in one eye and no light perception in the other performed the same tasks using their own telescopes.

RESULTS
For the monocular simulated acuity loss group, detection rates were significantly higher when the pedestrian appeared before using the bioptic than when it appeared while using the bioptic and was likely within the area of the ring scotoma (77% vs. 28%, P < .001). For the binocular simulated acuity loss group, there was no significant difference in detection rates for pedestrians that appeared before or while using the bioptic (80% vs. 91%, P = .20). The two monocular patients detected only 17% of pedestrians that appeared while looking through the bioptic.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results confirm the utility of the testing paradigm and suggest that the fellow eye of normally sighted observers with simulated acuity loss was able to compensate for the ring scotoma when using a monocular bioptic telescope in a realistic driving task.
The Relationships Between Cold Ischemia Time, Kidney Transplant Length of Stay, and Transplant-related Costs
Authors: Serrano Oscar K. , Vock David M. , Chinnakotla Srinath , Dunn Ty B. , Kandaswamy Raja , Pruett Timothy L. , Feldman Roger , Matas Arthur J. , Finger Erik B. 
Published: June 2018

Background
Recent changes in policies guiding allocation of transplant kidneys are predicted to increase sharing between distant geographic regions. The potential exists for an increase in cold ischemia time (CIT) with resulting increases in delayed graft function (DGF) and transplant-related costs (TRC). We sought to explore the impact of CIT on metrics that may influence TRC.

Methods
Between 2006 and 2014, 81 945 adult solitary deceased donor kidney transplants were performed in the United States; 477 (0.6%) at our institution. Regression models were constructed to describe the relationship between CIT on DGF and length of stay (LOS). Using hospital accounting data, we created regression models to evaluate the effect of DGF on LOS and TRC.

Results
In multivariable models, longer CIT was associated with an increased rate of DGF (odds ratio [OR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-1.44) and increased LOS (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.05). Recipients at our institution who developed DGF had longer LOS (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.50-1.95), suggesting that the effect is partially mediated by DGF. After adjusting for LOS, neither CIT nor DGF were independently associated with increased TRC. However, an increased LOS resulted in an increase in TRC by US $3422 (95% CI, US $3180 to US $3664) per additional day, indicating that the effect of CIT on TRC is partially mediated through LOS.

Conclusions
The prolongation of CIT is associated with an increase in DGF rates and LOS, resulting in increased TRC. This study raises the need to balance increased access of traditionally underserved populations to kidney transplant with the inadvertent increase in TRC.
Genetic Diversity in Common Carp Stocks from a Natural Reservoir Assayed by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers
Authors: Mahboob Shahid , Al-Ghanim K. A. , Al-Mulhim Norah M. A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe common carp(Cyprinus carpio)is a freshwater fish that is cultured throughout the world.C. carpiobelongs to the family Cyprinidae, the largest family among freshwater teleosts, accounting for 10 % of total fish production. Specifically, the common carp is cultured in more than 100 countries in worldwide and accounts for over 3 million metric tons of total annual freshwater fish production. The population of common carp (C.carpio) is declining in freshwater reservoirs because of various human activities, such as overfishing, pollution, hybridization with domestic carp, and loss of breeding grounds because of habitat degradation.ResultsIn total, 30 specimens were collected from each of four different locations (WH1, WH2, WH3 and WH4) in the reservoir. Five random decamer primers were used to assay polymorphisms within and between the population ofC. carpio.A total of 60 bands were produced by these primers, out of which 50 bands were polymorphic and 10 bands were monomorphic. The mean highest polymorphism (100 %) was observed in the specimen collected from WHS4 stock, followed by 89.05, 87.62 and 76.66 % of the fish collection from WH3, WH2, and WH4, respectively. Nei’s genetic distance values ranged from 0.0006 to 0.1005. Highest and lowest genetic distance were 0.1005 and 0.006 in fish collected from WH1 and WH2, respectively. Average value of heterozygosity ranged from 0.3008 to 0.3748. AC. carpioUPGMA dendrogram was constructed to observe fish phylogeny. Phylogenetic clusters by RAPD indicated that fish stock of WH2, WH3, and WH4 were closely related to each other.ConclusionIt was concluded that RAPD analysis can be successfully used as a marker to generate information regarding the percent homology within stock of common carp, which may be used to trace the progeny to the parents and is helpful for the improvement of breeding programs.
Robust Mouse Tracking in Complex Environments using Neural Networks
Authors: Geuther Brian Q. , Deats Sean P. , Fox Kai J. , Murray Steve A. , Braun Robert E. , White Jacqueline K. , Chesler Elissa J. , Lutz Cathleen M. , Kumar Vivek 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe ability to track animals accurately is critical for behavioral experiments. For video-based assays, this is often accomplished by manipulating environmental conditions to increase contrast between the animal and the background, in order to achieve proper foreground/background detection (segmentation). However, as behavioral paradigms become more sophisticated with ethologically relevant environments, the approach of modifying environmental conditions offers diminishing returns, particularly for scalable experiments. Currently, there is a need for methods to monitor behaviors over long periods of time, under dynamic environmental conditions, and in animals that are genetically and behaviorally heterogeneous. To address this need, we developed a state-of-the-art neural network-based tracker for mice, using modern machine vision techniques. We test three different neural network architectures to determine their performance on genetically diverse mice under varying environmental conditions. We find that an encoder-decoder segmentation neural network achieves high accuracy and speed with minimal training data. Furthermore, we provide a labeling interface, labeled training data, tuned hyperparameters, and a pre-trained network for the mouse behavior and neuroscience communities. This general-purpose neural network tracker can be easily extended to other experimental paradigms and even to other animals, through transfer learning, thus providing a robust, generalizable solution for biobehavioral research.
Online parallel accumulation − serial fragmentation (PASEF) with a novel trapped ion mobility mass spectrometer
Authors: Meier Florian , Brunner Andreas-David , Koch Scarlet , Koch Heiner , Lubeck Markus , Krause Michael , Goedecke Niels , Decker Jens , Kosinski Thomas , Park Melvin A. , Bache Nicolai , Hoerning Ole , Cox Jüergen , Räther Oliver , Mann Matthias 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTIn bottom-up proteomics, peptides are separated by liquid chromatography with elution peak widths in the range of seconds, while mass spectra are acquired in about 100 microseconds with time-of-fight (TOF) instruments. This allows adding ion mobility as a third dimension of separation. Among several formats, trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) is attractive due to its small size, low voltage requirements and high efficiency of ion utilization. We have recently demonstrated a scan mode termed parallel accumulation – serial fragmentation (PASEF), which multiplies the sequencing speed without any loss in sensitivity (Meier et al., PMID: 26538118). Here we introduce the timsTOF Pro instrument, which optimally implements online PASEF. It features an orthogonal ion path into the ion mobility device, limiting the amount of debris entering the instrument and making it very robust in daily operation. We investigate different precursor selection schemes for shotgun proteomics to optimally allocate in excess of 100 fragmentation events per second. More than 800,000 fragmentation spectra in standard 120 min LC runs are easily achievable, which can be used for near exhaustive precursor selection in complex mixtures or re-sequencing weak precursors. MaxQuant identified more than 6,400 proteins in single run HeLa analyses without matching to a library, and with high quantitative reproducibility (R > 0.97). Online PASEF achieves a remarkable sensitivity with more than 2,900 proteins identified in 30 min runs of only 10 ng HeLa digest. We also show that highly reproducible collisional cross sections can be acquired on a large scale (R > 0.99). PASEF on the timsTOF Pro is a valuable addition to the technological toolbox in proteomics, with a number of unique operating modes that are only beginning to be explored.
An in vivo translation-reporter system for the study of protein synthesis in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Garcez Palha Inês , Anselme Isabelle , Schneider-Maunoury Sylvie , Giudicelli François 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTControl of gene expression at the translation level is increasingly regarded as a key feature in many biological processes. Simple, inexpensive, and reliable procedures to visualise sites of protein production are required to allow observation of the spatiotemporal patterns of mRNA translation at subcellular resolution. We present a method, named SPoT (for Subcellular Patterns of Translation), developed upon the original TimeStamp technique (Lin et al., 2008), consisting in the expression of a fluorescent protein fused to a tagged, self-cleavable protease domain. Addition of a cell-permeable protease inhibitor instantly stabilizes newly produced, tagged protein allowing to distinguish recently synthesized protein from more ancient one. After a brief protease inhibitor treatment, the ratio of tagged vs non-tagged forms is highest at sites where proteins are the most recent, i.e. sites of synthesis. Therefore, by comparing tagged and non-tagged protein it is possible to spotlight sites of translation. By specifically expressing the SPoT cassette in neurons of transgenic zebrafish embryos, we reveal sites of neuronal protein synthesis in diverse cellular compartments during early development.
Faster emergence behavior from ketamine/xylazine anesthesia with atipamezole versus yohimbine
Authors: Mees Lukas , Fidler Jonathan , Kreuzer Matthias , Fu Jieming , Pardue Machelle M. , García Paul S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecent interest in reversal of the hypnotic effects of anesthesia has mainly focused on overcoming a surge in GABA-mediated inhibitory signaling through activation of subcortical arousal circuits or antagonizing GABA receptors. Here we examine the reversal of anesthesia produced from non-GABA agents ketamine/xylazine and the effects of antagonists of adrenoreceptors. These antagonists vary in selectivity and produce temporally unique waking behavior post-anesthesia. We compared two antagonists with differential selectivity for α1-vs. α2-receptors, yohimbine (YOH, 1:40 selectivity) and atipamezole (ATI, 1:8500). Adult mice received intraperitoneal injections of either YOH (4.3 mg/kg), ATI (0.4 mg/kg), or saline after achieving sustained loss of righting following injection of ketamine/xylazine (ketamine: 65.0 mg/kg; xylazine: 9.9 mg/kg). Behaviors indicative of the post-anesthesia, re-animation sequence were carefully monitored and the timing of each behavior relative to anesthesia induction was compared. Both YOH and ATI hastened behaviors indicative of emergence, but ATI was faster than YOH to produce certain behaviors, including whisker movement (YOH: 21.9±1.5 min, ATI: 17.5±0.5 min, p=0.004) and return of righting reflex (RORR) (YOH: 40.6±8.8 min, ATI: 26.0±1.2 min, p<0.001). Interestingly, although YOH administration hastened early behavioral markers of emergence relative to saline (whisking), the completion of the emergence sequence (time from first marker to appearance of RORR) was delayed with YOH. We attribute this effect to antagonism of α1receptors by yohimbine. Also notable was the failure of either antagonist to hasten the re-establishment of coordinated motor behavior (e.g., attempts to remove adhesive tape on the forepaw placed during anesthesia) relative to the end of emergence (RORR). In total, our work suggests that in addition to pharmacokinetic effects, re-establishment of normal waking behaviors after anesthesia involves neuronal circuits dependent on time and/or activity.
Evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of extracts from the genus Passiflora cultived in Brazil against cancer cells
Authors: Amaral Ricardo Guimarães , Gomes Silvana Vieira Floresta , Antoniolli Ângelo Roberto , Luciano Maria Claudia dos Santos , Pessoa Cláudia do Ó , Andrade Luciana Nalone , Severino Patrícia , Brandão Geraldo Célio , Bomfim Larissa Mendes , Bezerra Daniel Pereira , David Jorge Maurício , Carvalho Adriana Andrade 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential against cancer cells of Passiflora genus plant species cultivated in Brazil and identify the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by the most promising extract. Leaf extracts from 14 Passiflora (P.) species were obtained ASE and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluated against cancer cell lines using MTT assay at a single concentration of 50 μg/mL. Additionally, the IC50 of the P. alata (ELPA) leaf extracts was determined against both tumor (HCT-116, SF-295, OVACAR-8, and HL-60), and non-tumor cells (PBMC). The ELPA flavonoids were identified by HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-MS/MS. The morphological analyses used light and fluorescence microscopy, and cell cycle and DNA fragmentation analyses used flow cytometry to determine the mechanism of cell death induced by ELPA in HL-60. Among the Passiflora leaf extracts evaluated; ELPA stood out with high cytotoxic activity, followed by P. capsularis and P. quadrangulares with varying high and low cytotoxic activity. ELPA presented high cytotoxic potency in HL-60 (IC50 19.37 μg/mL), yet without cytotoxic activity against PBMC, suggesting selectivity for tumor cells. The cytotoxic activity of ELPA may well be linked to the presence of ten identified flavonoids. Cells treated with ELPA presented the hallmarks typical of apoptosis and necrosis, with cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Conclusion: From among the studied species, ELPA presented greater cytotoxic activity, possibly a consequence of synergistic flavonoid action which induces cell death by apoptosis and necrosis.