bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le paludisme des enfants de moins de cinq ans à Yaoundé (Cameroun) : déterminants environnementaux et socioéconomiques
Authors: Mendo Elvire , Bilong Nguidjol Jacques 
Published: February 2019

Le paludisme reste un défi majeur en Afrique subsaharienne. Il y constitue la première cause de morbidité et de mortalité infantile dans la plupart des pays, malgré les nombreux efforts consentis au niveau mondial et par les gouvernements des pays concernés. Nous nous interrogeons dans cet article sur les déterminants et les enjeux de la vulnérabilité des enfants de moins de cinq ans à Yaoundé. Une enquête de terrain et un modèle Probit sont utilisés. Les résultats de cette étude mettent en particulier en exergue des facteurs environnementaux et socioéconomiques ayant un impact significatif : le sexe du chef de ménage (moindre vulnérabilité des familles gérées par une femme), le nombre d’enfants de zéro à cinq ans dans le ménage (vulnérabilité accrue pour les ménages ayant beaucoup d’enfants), le niveau d’éducation du chef de ménage (positivement corrélé à une baisse de vulnérabilité) et l’insalubrité du milieu de résidence. Par ailleurs, on constate qu’une utilisation importante de moustiquaires par la plupart des ménages n’empêche pas une forte occurrence de cette maladie chez les enfants. A l’issue de ces résultats, il semble judicieux d’envisager une amélioration de l’environnement de vie et de l’éducation des ménages à l’utilisation des moyens préventifs contre cette maladie, tels que les moustiquaires imprégnées. Il convient également de s’interroger sur la meilleure façon de protéger les enfants en dehors des heures de sommeil et sur l’éventualité d’un accès gratuit à ces moyens de prévention pour toute la population vulnérable.
Sida et vie religieuse au Malawi : repenser l’influence de la dynamique démographique sur les comportements culturels
Authors: Trinitapoli Jenny , Richou Camille 
Published: February 2019

Cet article examine les relations réciproques qu’entretiennent la religion et les dynamiques démographiques au Malawi dans un contexte d’épidémie de sida, entre 2001 et 2006. À partir de données inédites sur des chefs religieux et des femmes laïques du Malawi rural, l’analyse montre que les prescriptions religieuses ont été influencées par l’épidémie. Cela se traduit par la prise en compte explicite d’informations relatives au sida dans les prescriptions religieuses en matière de sexualité et de constitution de la famille. Plus surprenant, en revanche, les prescriptions chrétiennes et musulmanes en matière de mariage et de divorce abordent également l’un des dilemmes fondamentaux posés par le sida : le choix entre la stratégie de prévention consistant à quitter un conjoint qui risque d’infecter le/la partenaire et l’obligation maritale, sociale et religieuse de prendre soin des malades. Une doctrine rendant acceptable le divorce, appelée « fenêtre d’opportunité », traduit un effort pour combiner ces objectifs parfois incompatibles que sont la protection des individus vis-à-vis du VIH, la prévention de la propagation de la maladie au sein de la communauté, le maintien de la cohésion sociale et l’extension du contrôle religieux. Mettre en regard la doctrine religieuse avec une crise démographique permet de montrer pourquoi et comment les perceptions locales des phénomènes démographiques peuvent avoir un profond impact culturel.
Les atteintes commises par des ministres de l’Église : que dit le droit de l’Église catholique ?
Authors: Boudet Emmanuel 
Published: February 2019

L’Église, face aux atteintes sur mineurs commises par des clercs, ne peut pas cacher que ses procédures et son droit n’ont pas fonctionné. Elle doit penser de manière nouvelle. Pour punir ces actes, le droit pénal canonique seul est parfaitement inadéquat face au scandale que représente la pédophilie cléricale : le recours à la justice des États ne peut plus être remis en question. Cependant, la partie pénale propre à l’Église ne doit pas être abandonnée quand il s’agit de retirer du corps clérical ceux qui ont commis des actes totalement incompatibles avec la poursuite d’un ministère, spécialement pour des actes pédophiles. À côté du ministère de miséricorde, la nécessité d’une réponse pénale canonique perdure afin de redire ce qui est juste et de défendre les victimes de manière publique.
Les enjeux du patrimoine et de sa transmission dans nos sociétés vieillissantes
Authors: Masson André 
Published: February 2019

Nos sociétés développées sont confrontées depuis l’orée des années 1980 à un processus de « patrimonialisation » à la fois inédit, massif et particulièrement dommageable pour la croissance économique, l’égalité des chances et l’équilibre des rapports entre générations. Ce processus se traduit par un poids croissant et inégal du patrimoine par rapport au revenu, mais aussi par une « crispation patrimoniale » des seniors, détenteurs d’une masse inerte de patrimoine peu risqué, un « retour » de l’héritage, reçu cependant de plus en plus tard, et des jeunes ménages fortement contraints dans leurs projets patrimoniaux. Le recul de la mortalité aux âges élevés n’a pas créé seul ce processus, lié par ailleurs au ralentissement de la croissance et aux transformations du capital, mais en a considérablement amplifié les effets. Remédier à une telle situation patrimoniale n’apparaît pas une chose facile, comme le suggèrent quelques exemples de réformes sociales et fiscales possibles. L’analyse conduit à mettre en avant deux propositions couplées : i) une cotisation sociale sur le 3 ème âge (retraités) qui contribuerait à financer les besoins du 4 ème âge par une couverture inclusive et obligatoire de la perte d’autonomie ; ii) le programme Taxfinh (Tax family inheritances), qui propose, d’une part, l’augmentation du taux et de la progressivité de l’impôt sur les seuls héritages familiaux pour les 10 à 15 % de familles les plus fortunées, et, d’autre part, d’offrir en contrepartie des moyens accrus d’éviter cette surtaxe successorale, facilitant aussi bien la donation (à la famille, aux œuvres ou du patrimoine professionnel), la consommation du patrimoine (immobilier), ou encore l’investissement productif à long terme de l’épargne des seniors. Ce programme répondrait à la fois aux défis redoutables soulevés par une situation patrimoniale néfaste et à l’impopularité actuelle des droits de succession standard.
De bemoedigende houding
Authors: Brandenburg Daphne 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The Nurturing Stance. A critical addition to Strawsonian theories of responsibility.

In this paper I provide an important addition to Strawsonian theory. In the first section I briefly discuss the Strawsonian approach to responsibility. Then I discuss in some detail the stance we, according to Strawsonians, take  towards people who lack the abilities to comply with moral norms. This ‘objective stance’ is inconsistent with the stance that is considered typical and desirable in psychiatric contexts and care-relationships more generally speaking. In order to resolve this conflict I formulate an additional stance that allows Strawsonian theory to account for this.
Twee moeders, twee vaders of een vader en een moeder
Authors: Kuyper Lisette , Bos Henny , Gartrell Nanette 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

A population-based comparison of female and male same-sex parent and different-sex parent households

This investigation compared Dutch same-sex parent (both female same-sex and male same-sex) and different-sex parent households on children’s psychological well-being, parenting stress, and support in child rearing. It was also assessed whether associations among children’s well-being, parenting stress, and support in child rearing were different in the two household types. Data were based on a nationally representative survey. Matching was used to enhance similarity in background characteristics between both types of families, resulting in an analytic sample of 190 households (43 female same-sex parent, 52 male same-sex parent, and 95 different-sex parent households) with offspring between 5-18 years old. On children’s well-being, problems in the parent-child relationship, being worried about the child, or the use of formal and informal support, no significant differences were found between mothers in same-sex and different-sex parent households or for fathers in same-sex and different-sex parent households. Regarding one aspect of parenting stress, namely problems in rearing the child, fathers in same-sex parent households and mothers in different-sex parent households reported more problems than their counterparts (fathers and mothers in different-sex families). Neither the associations between children’s well-being and the predictors (parenting stress variables), nor those between support and the predictors (parenting stress and children’s well-being), differed along household type. The no differences that were found in this population-based study on child outcomes regardless of household type confirms the results of prior investigations based on convenience samples. These findings are relevant to family therapists, practitioners, court officials, and policymakers who seek information on gender diversity, parenting experiences and child outcomes in same-sex parent families.
Het psychologisch welbevinden van Nederlandse adolescenten met lesbische moeders die gebruik maakten van een bekende, niet-anonieme of anonieme spermadonor
Authors: van Rijn-Van Gelderen Loes , Gartrell Nanette , Bos Henny 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Self-esteem and problem behavior in Dutch adolescents conceived through sperm donation in planned lesbian-mother families: Is donor type of importance?

Until 2004, Dutch women seeking donor insemination through medical facilities could opt for open-identity or anonymous donors. Currently, Dutch medical facilities are only allowed to use sperm from open-identity donors. Focusing on adolescents who were born before 2004, the present study provides a unique opportunity to compare the well-being of those conceived through different donor types: known, open-identity, or anonymous. The present study is based on 67 Dutch adolescents (meanage=16.04) conceived through sperm donation in lesbian-mother families. Participating adolescents were asked to complete the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Youth Self-Report, and to answer questions about their donor. Thirty-three adolescents were conceived through known, 22 through open-identity, and 12 through anonymous donors. No significant differences were found on self-esteem or problem behavior among adolescents conceived through the three donor types. Likewise, no significant differences were found on these variables for adolescents with known donors who indicated that these men did or did not play important roles in their lives. Feeling uncomfortable about not knowing one’s donor was associated with lower levels of self-esteem and more externalizing problem behavior. That donor type has no bearing on adolescent self-esteem and problem behavior may help in guiding the donor choices of prospective lesbian parents.
Diatom-oxygen isotope record from high-altitude Lake Petit (2200 m a.s.l.) in the Mediterranean Alps: shedding light on a climatic pulse at 4.2 ka
Authors: Cartier Rosine , Sylvestre Florence , Paillès Christine , Sonzogni Corinne , Couapel Martine , Alexandre Anne , Mazur Jean-Charles , Brisset Elodie , Miramont Cécile , Guiter Frédéric 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In the Mediterranean area, the
4.2 ka BP event is recorded with contrasting
expressions between regions. In the southern Alps, the high-altitude Lake
Petit (Mercantour Massif, France; 2200 m a.s.l.) offers pollen and
diatom-rich sediments covering the last 4800 years. A multi-proxy analysis
recently revealed a detrital pulse around 4200 cal BP due to increasing
erosion in the lake catchment. The involvement of a rapid climate change leading
to increasing runoff and soil erosion was proposed. Here, in order to clarify
this hypothesis, we measured the oxygen isotope composition of diatom silica
frustules (δ18Odiatom) from the same sedimentary core.
Diatoms were analysed by laser fluorination isotope ratio mass spectrometry
after an inert gas flow dehydration. We additionally enhanced the accuracy of
the age–depth model using the
Bacon R package. The
δ18Odiatom record allows us to identify a 500-year time
lapse, from 4400 to 3900 cal BP, where δ18Odiatom reached its
highest values (>31 ‰). δ18Odiatom was about
3 ‰ higher than the modern values and the shifts at 4400 and
3900 cal BP were of similar amplitude as the seasonal δ18Odiatom shifts occurring today. This period of high δ18Odiatom values can be explained by the intensification of
18O-enriched Mediterranean precipitation events feeding the lake during
the ice-free season. This agrees with other records from the southern Alps
suggesting runoff intensification around 4200 cal BP. Possible changes in
other climatic parameters may have played a concomitant role, including a decrease
in the contribution of 18O-depleted Atlantic winter precipitation to the
lake water due to snow deficit. Data recording the 4.2 ka BP event in the
north-western Mediterranean area are still sparse. In the Lake Petit
watershed, the 4.2 ka BP event translated into a change in precipitation
regime from 4400 to 3900 cal BP. This record contributes to the recent
efforts to characterize and investigate the geographical extent of the
4.2 ka BP event in the Mediterranean area.
Genetic Characterization of Fungi Isolated from Environmental Samples: A Molecular Surveillance Study of Public Health Importance
Authors: Sulaiman Irshad M , Jacobs Emily , Simpson Steven B 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: A multistate fungal meningitis outbreak began in September 2012 that affected 751 individuals who received contaminated spinal injections across 20 states in the United States, which led to 64 deaths. In our previous study, we examined 26 environmental swab samples collected from various locations of the manufacturing premises of the compounding company to determine the possible cause of this outbreak and identified 14 novel species of fungi. Objective: In this follow-up study, a total of 198 environmental surveillance samples were collected and analyzed to detect pathogenic fungal species from other compounding company premises located in three regions of the United States. Methods: DNA sequencing was performed at the large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions on the 25 positive fungal isolates. Results: Sequence analysis of the ITS1, the ITS2, and the LSU rRNA regions confirmed the presence of the following fungal species in the samples analyzed: (1) Pestalotiopsis cocculi from the region I; (2) Epicoccum nigrum and Trichaptum biforme from the region I; (3) Nigrospora sphaerica and Fusarium sp. from the region II; and (4) Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., and Preussia sp. from the region III. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the LSU and ITS regions are good genetic markers to perform fungal typing. Highlights: DNA sequencing technology can be used in the implementation of effective environmental monitoring programs of public health importance.
A internacionalização do movimento zapatista: a presença da solidariedade de classe transnacional em Chiapas
Authors: Demuner Davi Matias Marra 
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a experiência zapatista em sua coordenação de forças sociais que transcendem a dimensão local/nacional, alcançando a solidariedade transnacional acerca de sua resistência frente ao Estado mexicano e na construção de um projeto político alternativo em Chiapas. Por meio do framework de classes e a Análise de Discurso Crítica, recorremos a momentos relevantes do curso histórico do movimento para entender a partir de quais elementos discursivos ocorre a prática social zapatista revolucionária em convergência com o auxílio material e ideológico da sociedade civil internacional. Entendemos que apesar da influência externa gerada pela sua práxis em Chiapas, o zapatismo não se desterritorializa em meio as dimensões geopolíticas da guerra de posição na globalização – entendida pelos zapatistas como uma “quarta guerra mundial” – e atua em associação com ONG/ONGIs sem deixar a crítica acerca do processo de transformismo que essas organizações podem acarretar sobre os movimentos sociais.
Siphonophoridae from Brazilian Amazonia. Part 2 – Two new tree-climbing species of the genus Siphonophora, including one showing pilosity polymorphism (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida)
Authors: Read Helen J. , Enghoff Henrik 
Published: February 2019

This is the second part of a study of a large collection of Siphonophoridae Cook, 1895 from Brazil. Here, those without an abrupt division between the head and rostrum are considered. Two species have been distinguished and are described as Siphonophora setaepromissa sp. nov. and S. tuberculata sp. nov. Siphonophora hebetunguis (Attems, 1951) from the same region has many similarities with the two new species and is redescribed from type material. Comparisons have also been made with S. fuhrmanni Carl, 1914, and comments are made on the genera Cordillerium Verhoeff, 1941, Pterozonium Attems, 1951, Rhinosiphora Verhoeff, 1924, and Siphonophora Brandt, 1837. Finally, some suggestions for characters to look at in future collections of siphonophorids are made based on experience of this collection.
A survey on adverse incidents in legal psychology studies: Reflections on ethics review
Authors: Sauerland Melanie , Sagana Anna , Merckelbach Harald 
Published: February 2019

SummaryEthics committees (ECs) regulate research activities to maintain research participants' autonomy and to protect them from harm and injury. No research to date attempted to establish how much risk is involved in social‐science research. Using a survey approach, we set out to estimate the risk of being involved in an incident for research participants in legal psychology and assessed researchers' views of ECs. Fifty‐nine of 188 respondents (31%) stated that they had experienced one or more incidents with a participant. The estimated risk of being involved in an incident was one to three per 10,000 participants, which according to biomedical standards defines a rare risk. Although some researchers were satisfied with their EC, the general tenor was one of discontent due to conservative decision‐making, lacking expertise, and overstepping demands. Whether ECs succeed in protecting participants from loss of autonomy, harm and injury are unknown but are open to empirical research.
From Fancy Blue to Red: Controlled Production of a Vibrant Color Spectrum of Fluorescent Diamond Particles
Authors: Dei Cas Laura , Zeldin Steven , Nunn Nicholas , Torelli Marco , Shames Alexander I. , Zaitsev Alexander M. , Shenderova Olga 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe current study reports a breakthrough method for production of multicolor diamond particulates using a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) approach with precise temperature and time control, enabling annealing of diamond particulates up to 2100 °C without extensive graphitization. The RTA method generates conditions which allow formation of one‐, two‐, and three‐atom nitrogen complexes with vacancies in electron irradiated type Ib synthetic diamond, providing vibrant luminescence in the red, green, and blue spectral ranges, correspondingly. Controlled and highly reproducible formation of specific color centers previously not possible in type Ib synthetic diamond particles opens new opportunities for particulate diamond in a plethora of fluorescence imaging applications in biological and industrial fields.
Strong Ground‐ and Excited‐State Charge Transfer in C3‐Symmetric Truxene‐Derived Phenothiazine‐Tetracyanobutadine and Expanded Conjugates
Authors: Sharma Rekha , Thomas Michael B. , Misra Rajneesh , D'Souza Francis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe C3‐symmetric star‐shaped phenothiazene‐substituted truxene 1 was reacted with the electron acceptors tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). The cycloaddition–retroelectrocyclization reaction yields the conjugates 2 and 3. A combination of spectral, electrochemical, and photophysical investigations of 2 and 3 reveals that the functionalization of the triple bond has a pronounced effect on their ground and excited‐state interactions. Specifically, the existence of strong ground‐state interactions between phenothiazine and the electron‐accepting groups results in charge‐transfer states, while subsequent ultrafast charge separation yields electron transfer products. This is unprecedented not only in phenothiazine chemistry but also in tetracyanobutadiene‐ and dicyanoquinodimethane‐derived donor–acceptor conjugates. Additionally, by manipulating spectroelectrochemical data, a spectrum of the charge‐separated species is construed for the first time, and shown to be highly useful in interpreting the rather complex transient spectra.
Direct Production of Higher Oxygenates by Syngas Conversion over a Multifunctional Catalyst
Authors: Lin Tiejun , Qi Xingzhen , Wang Xinxing , Xia Lin , Wang Caiqi , Yu Fei , Wang Hui , Li Shenggang , Zhong Liangshu , Sun Yuhan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSelective synthesis of higher oxygenates (linear α‐alcohols and α‐aldehydes, C
OH) from syngas is highly attractive but remains challenging owing to the low C
OH selectivity and low catalytic stability. Herein we introduce a multifunctional catalyst composed of CoMn and CuZnAlZr oxides that dramatically increased the oxygenates selectivity to 58.1 wt %, where more than 92.0 wt % of the produced oxygenates are C
OH. Notably, the total selectivity to value‐added chemicals including oxygenates and olefins reached 80.6 wt % at CO conversion of 29.0 % with high stability. The appropriate component proximity can effectively suppress the formation of the undesired C1 products, and the selectively propulsion of reaction network by synergetic effect of different components contributes to the enhanced selectivity to higher oxygenates. This work provides an alternative strategy for the rational design of new catalysts for direct conversion of syngas into higher oxygenates with co‐production of olefins.
Stabilizing the Oxygen Lattice and Reversible Oxygen Redox Chemistry through Structural Dimensionality in Lithium‐Rich Cathode Oxides
Authors: Zhao Enyue , Li Qinghao , Meng Fanqi , Liu Jue , Wang Junyang , He Lunhua , Jiang Zheng , Zhang Qinghua , Yu Xiqian , Gu Lin , Yang Wanli , Li Hong , Wang Fangwei , Huang Xuejie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLattice‐oxygen redox (l‐OR) has become an essential companion to the traditional transition‐metal (TM) redox charge compensation to achieve high capacity in Li‐rich cathode oxides. However, the understanding of l‐OR chemistry remains elusive, and a critical question is the structural effect on the stability of l‐OR reactions. Herein, the coupling between l‐OR and structure dimensionality is studied. We reveal that the evolution of the oxygen‐lattice structure upon l‐OR in Li‐rich TM oxides which have a three‐dimensional (3D)‐disordered cation framework is relatively stable, which is in direct contrast to the clearly distorted oxygen‐lattice framework in Li‐rich oxides which have a two‐dimensional (2D)/3D‐ordered cation structure. Our results highlight the role of structure dimensionality in stabilizing the oxygen lattice in reversible l‐OR, which broadens the horizon for designing high‐energy‐density Li‐rich cathode oxides with stable l‐OR chemistry.