bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid assembled MEMS scanner array with large aperture for fast scanning LIDAR systems
Authors: Sandner Thilo , Grasshoff Thomas , Wildenhain Michael , Schwarzenberg Markus 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article presents a large aperture micro scanning mirror (MSM) array especially developed for the panoramic 3D-ToF camera Fovea-3D. The Fovea-3D system uses a fiber amplified pulsed laser ToF technique at

λ
=
1550

nm

\lambda =1550\hspace{0.1667em}\text{nm}

with 1 MVoxel distance measuring rate. It targets for real time 3D imaging with a panoramic optical field of view (FOV) of

360
°
×
60
°

360^\circ \times 60^\circ

(horizontal × vertical) combined with a large distance measurement range of 100 m and a video-like frame rate of 10 Hz. For fast vertical scan axis a MEMS scanner module with large receiver aperture was especially developed. It increases the scanning rate to 3200 Hz which is four times faster in comparison to state-of-the-art fast macroscopic polygon scanning systems used for LIDAR systems. To guarantee at the same time a large reception aperture of

D

eff

=
23

mm

{D_{\mathit{eff}}}=23\hspace{0.1667em}\text{mm}

, large FOV of

60
°

60^\circ

and high vertical scanning rate of 3200 Hz, a hybrid assembled MSM array was developed consisting of 22 reception mirrors and a separate emitting mirror for laser scanning of the target. For Fovea3D hybrid assembly of frequency selected scanner elements was chosen instead of a monolithic MEMS scanner array to guaranty a high yield of MEMS fabrication. All MSM are driven in parametric resonance to enable a fully synchronized operation of all individual MEMS scanner elements. Therefore, piezo-resistive position sensors are integrated on each MEMS chip for position feedback of driving control. The paper discusses details of the MEMS system integration including the synchronized operation of multiple MEMS scanning elements.
Non-nutritive Sweeteners: Implications for Consumption in Athletic Populations
Authors: Machek Steven B. , Willoughby Darryn S. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
NON-NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS (NNS) ARE COMMERCIALLY USED TO ENHANCE PALATABILITY WITHOUT INCREASED SUGAR AND/OR CALORIES IN AN ATTEMPT TO CONTROL BODY WEIGHT AND/OR BLOOD GLUCOSE. RECENTLY, ATHLETES AND FITNESS ENTHUSIASTS ARE CONSUMING MORE NNS; HOWEVER, NOT WITHOUT CONCERN FOR SATIETY, GLUCOSE CONTROL, AND GENERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO COMPREHENSIVELY EVALUATE THE METABOLIC IMPACTS OF NNS IN CELL CULTURE, ANIMAL MODELS, AND HUMANS, AS WELL AS ESTABLISHING CONSIDERATIONS FOR THOSE SEEKING OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE AND BODY COMPOSITION. APPROXIMATELY 80 ARTICLES WERE IDENTIFIED AND REVIEWED USING 29 SEARCH TERMS. OVERALL, NNS CONSUMPTION HAS THE PROPENSITY TO EITHER AUGMENT OR HINDER EXERCISE ADAPTATION.
Training and Assessment in Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: using a Novel Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) Assessment Tool
Authors: Siau Keith , Crossley James , Dunckley Paul , Johnson Gavin , Haycock Adam , Anderson John T , Iacucci Marietta , Feeney Mark 
Published: March 2019

Background & Aims: Data supporting milestone development during flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) training are lacking. We aimed to present validity evidence for our formative direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) assessment in FS, and use DOPS to establish competency benchmarks and define learning curves for a national training cohort.Methods: This prospective UK-wide (211 centres) study included all FS formative DOPS assessments submitted to the national e-portfolio. Reliability was estimated from generalisability theory analysis. Item and global DOPS scores were correlated with lifetime procedure count to study learning curves, with competency benchmarks defined using contrasting groups analysis. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performedto identify independent predictors of DOPS competence.Results: This analysis included 3,616 DOPS submitted for 468 trainees. From generalisability analysis, sources of overall competency score variance included: trainee ability (27%), assessor stringency (15%), assessor subjectivity attributable to the trainee (18%) and case-to-case variation (40%), which enabled the modelling of reliability estimates. The competency benchmark (mean DOPS score: 3.84) was achieved after 150-174 procedures. Across the cohort, competency development occurred in the order of: pre-procedural (50-74), non-technical (75-149), technical (125-174) and post-procedural (175-199) skills. Lifetime procedural count (p<0.001), case difficulty (p<0.001), and lifetime formative DOPS count (p=0.001) were independently associated with DOPS competence, but not trainee or assessor specialty.Conclusion: Sigmoidoscopy DOPS can provide valid and reliable assessments of competency during training and can be used to chart competency development. Contrary to earlier studies, based on destination-orientated endpoints, overall competency in sigmoidoscopy was attained after 150 lifetime procedures.
Wkład chrześcijaństwa w formowanie idei wolności w kulturze europejskiej na tle wybranych poglądów starożytnych i nowożytnych
Authors: Chaberek Michał 
Published: March 2019

Artykuł omawia rozwój pojęcia wolności w kulturze zachodniej. Istotnym motywem jest uwzględnienie pozytywnego wpływu chrześcijaństwa na rozwój idei wolności w obrębie myśli europejskiej. Chrześcijaństwo umożliwia (1) odrzucenie wszechobecnego fatum, (2) przezwyciężenie niewolnictwa, (3) przywrócenie równości kobiety i mężczyzny, (4) zbudowanie bardziej adekwatnej antropologii w oparciu o nowe rozumienie Boga i religii. Kultura europejska doszła do najpełniejszego rozumienia wolności dzięki inspiracjom płynącym z objawienia chrześcijańskiego, a sformułowanie liberalnych koncepcji wolności – nawet gdy stawały w opozycji do ujęcia chrześcijańskiego – było możliwe tylko dzięki pojęciom odkrytym za sprawą chrześcijaństwa.
The Problem of Political Religion
Authors: Jasiński Karol 
Published: March 2019

The author of the article addressed the issue of the fundamental problem of religion, which is embezzlement of its basic spiritual (saving) function and focus on the implementation of substitute functions, especially in the area of politics. Its expression is the emergence of a political religion, understood as a form of placing politics in the service of religion or religion in the service of politics. The article has been divided into three parts, which present the nature of religion itself (1), selected threats related to its politicization (2) and the basic ways of preventing the emergence and maintenance of political religion (3).
truktury uczestnictwa w filozofii dramatu Józefa Tischnera
Authors: Kołoczek Łukasz 
Published: March 2019

Artykuł jest analizą sposobu, w jaki funkcjonuje w filozofii dramatu Józefa Tischnera pojęcie uczestnictwa. Wychodzę od stwierdzenia, że jest to podstawowe pojęcie tej filozofii. Za jego pomocą Tischner podaje dwa podstawowe znaczenia dramatu, a następnie bardzo często używa tego pojęcia. W mojej analizie obserwuję, w jaki sposób Tischner je stosuje, badam, kto uczestniczy i w czym, a także odtwarzam struktury tego uczestnictwa. W efekcie ujawnia się, że specyficzne rozumienie „uczestnictwa” powiązane jest z innymi podstawowymi pojęciami tej filozofii, np. ze wzajemnością czy horyzontem. Ujawnia się także – co jest sporym zaskoczeniem – egologiczny komponent filozofii dramatu.
Krucha podmiotowość, czyli o sporze na gruncie Lévinasowskiej i Ricœurowskiej filozofii człowieka oraz niektórych jego implikacjach dla rozumienia zdrowia psychicznego
Authors: Grzywacz Robert 
Published: March 2019

Poniższe studium stawia sobie jako zadanie skonfrontowanie dwóch koncepcji kruchej podmiotowości: jednej autorstwa Emmanuela Lévinasa i drugiej, wypracowanej przez Paula Ricœura. Zestawienie to nie jest wszelako celem samym w sobie. Owszem, chodzi w nim najpierw o wskazanie zbieżności i rozbieżności istniejących pomiędzy obydwoma ujęciami otwartego i labilnego w swej tożsamości ludzkiego podmiotu. Krok ów służy dalej uwydatnieniu punktów dyskusyjnych, które wskutek napięcia generowanego przez niezgodności pobudzają do myślenia i poszukiwania mediacji. W celu zilustrowania płodności tej kontrowersji zostaje ona przeniesiona na obszar filozofii psychiatrii, gdzie podejmuje się próbę zastosowania obydwu antropologicznych stanowisk w filozoficznej interpretacji istoty fenomenu schizofrenii. Zarysowana w ten sposób wykładnia patogenezy wybranego zjawiska pozwala z kolei na sformułowanie ostrożnych wniosków odnośnie do samego sporu Lévinasa i Ricœura w kwestii podmiotowości etycznej, a zwłaszcza co do odczytania ewolucji ich własnych koncepcji.
Próba analizy typologii racji Thomasa Nagela z uwzględnieniem kategorii archetypu
Authors: Wojtanowska Weronika 
Published: March 2019

Artykuł jest próbą spojrzenia na zaproponowaną przez Thomasa Nagela typologię racji do działania w świetle teorii archetypów, w celu wstępnego zbadania, czy kategoria archetypu może przyczynić się do lepszego rozumienia poszczególnych typów racji. W artykule wykorzystane zostały badania nad znaczeniem archetypów w filozofii przeprowadzone przez Alinę Motycką oraz uwagi krytyczne, które przeciwko zasadności posługiwania się kategorią archetypu wysunął Stanisław Lem. Odniesienia do spostrzeżeń powyższych filozofów pozwoliły na zajęcie wyważonego stanowiska. Z jednej strony uwidacznia się przydatność archetypów do pogłębionego rozumienia natury i kondycji człowieka, a z drugiej strony, nie można zaprzeczyć, że ich potencjał normatywny jest ograniczony, nie tylko ze względu na wpisaną w nie przypadkowość, ale również dlatego, że nie istnieje algorytm, który by w sposób jednoznaczny pozwalał na wysuwanie twierdzeń dotyczących norm i wartości w oparciu o istniejące archetypy.
DISCREPANCY BETWEEN FIRST IMPRESSION AND SOCIAL DESCRIPTION, AND ITS EFFECT ON PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE
Authors: Tiffany Leung Hiu Tung , Wincenciak Joanna 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: Both facial appearance and behaviors could respectively contribute to impression formation towards an indi- vidual. However, when there is congruence between information decoded from facial appearance and behaviors which may determine impression in different ways, effect of both factors will be altered. This study aimed to investigate the discrepancy between the information carried by the face, i.e. facial trustworthiness and social description, and how these two factors influence individuals’ attitude towards a newly-met person, and their judgment with regard to warmth and competence.
Methodology: An experiment was conducted, asking participants to rate their impression in terms of warmth and compe- tence towards an individual whose facial appearance was manipulated either to be trustworthy or untrustworthy, and whose behavior was described in a short vignette.
Main Findings: The results indicated that social description had a significant influence on both warmth and competence impressions. Facial trustworthiness had no effect. It was also discovered that competence was found to be generally judged more positive than warmth, which implied judgment of warmth was made more reservedly.
Implications: The study would serve as an antecedent to further investigation on managing people’s impression towards oneself, in which such management aids in developing and maintaining positive personal relationship amongst human beings. The study will demonstrate a new vision to the researchers in cognition and perception on exploring approaches to define the mechanism involved in impression formation or attitude.
Novelty: Researchers trust that currently there is still no related research that would determine the direction and strength of effect from facial trustworthiness and social description.
JOKOWI’S INITIATIVE FOR A COMPETITION TO CUT INDONESIAN REGULATIONS: RECOMMENDATIONS AND THE ROLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Abidin Handa S 
Published: March 2019

<p>This research provides recommendations for the development of an initiative of the President of the Republic of Indonesia (Presiden Republik Indonesia), Joko Widodo (Jokowi), namely the implementation of a competition to cut Indonesian regulations, and relates these recommendations to the role of higher education institutions in Indonesia. The concept of “cutting” regulations should be developed into “managing.” The competition should also widen the scope of what should be managed. Rather than being limited only to “regulations,” the scope should include “laws and regulations as well as other relevant law and policy products.” Furthermore, the competition could be a trigger for developing other related collaborations. The collaboration between relevant parties in the competition and other future collaborations can be classified as a form of mutual cooperation (<em>gotong royong</em>) which could contribute to the development of the quality of Indonesian law in general and specifically to the quality of laws and regulations and other relevant law and policy products in the context of Indonesia. This mutual cooperation could also bring direct benefits to the Central Government of the Republic of Indonesia (Pemerintah Pusat Republik Indonesia) and other relevant state-related institutions as well as to higher education institutions in Indonesia that are expected to be involved in the competition and in other future collaborations.</p><p> </p>
Structure-Activity Relationship and Antimicrobial Evaluation of N-Phenylpyrazole Curcumin Derivatives
Authors: Sanghvi Heli , Mishra Satyendra 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Curcumin, one of the most important pharmacologically significant natural
products, has gained significant consideration among scientists for decades since its multipharmacological
activities. 1, 3-Dicarbonyl moiety of curcumin was found to be accountable for the
rapid degradation of curcumin molecule. The aim of present work is to replace 1, 3-dicarbonyl moiety
of curcumin by pyrazole and phenylpyrazole derivatives with a view to improving its stability and to
investigate the role of substitution in N-phenylpyrazole curcumin on its antibacterial activity against
both Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria.

Methods:
Pyrazole derivatives of curcumin were prepared by heating curcumin with phenyhydrazine/
substituted phenyhydrazine derivatives in AcOH. The residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography. Structures of purified compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopy.
The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity by the microdilution broth
susceptibility test method against gram positive (S. aureus) and gram negative (E. coli).

Results:
Effects of substitution in N-phenylpyrazole curcumin derivatives against S. aureus and E. coli
were studied. The most active N-(3-Nitrophenylpyrazole) curcumin (12) exhibits twenty-fold more potency
against S. aureus (MIC: 10μg/mL)) and N-(2-Fluoroophenylpyrazole) curcumin (5) fivefold more
potency against E. coli (MIC; 50 μg/mL) than N-phenylpyrazole curcumin (4). Whereas, a remarkable
decline in anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli was observed when electron donating
groups were incorporated in N-phenylpyrazole curcumin (4). Comparative studies of synthesized compounds
suggest the effects of electron withdrawing and electron donating groups on unsubstituted phenylpyrazole
curcumin (4).

Conclusion:
The structure-activity relationship (SAR) results indicated that the electron withdrawing
and electron donating at N-phenylpyrazole curcumin played key roles for their bacterial inhibitory effects.
The results of the antibacterial evaluation showed that the synthesized pyrazole derivatives of
curcumin displayed moderate to very high activity in S. aureus. In conclusion, the series of novel curcumin
derivatives were designed, synthesized and tested for their antibacterial activities against S. aureus
and E. coli. Among them, N-(3-Nitrophenylpyrazole curcumin; 12) was most active against S. aureus
(Gram-positive) and N-(2-Fluoroophenylpyrazole) curcumin (5) against E. coli (Gram-negative) bacteria.
Sliding Wear of SiC Reinforced Duplex Stainless Steel via TIG Torch Surface Melting Technique
Authors: Maleque Md Abdul , Azwan Muhammad , Afiq Muhammad 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Duplex stainless steel (DSS) has gained increasing interest in recent years
for a number of applications as structural materials in various industrial sectors of the petrochemical
process plant, marine engineering and automotive industries. However, this material has experienced
hardness and wear failure in the service. Therefore, new development in the surface modification for
DSS is required to explore the possibility of producing a hard modified surface layer of SiC resolidified
layer by TIG torch surface melting technique.

Methods:
TIG torch surface melting technique was performed on DSS substrate with preplaced SiC
reinforcement. The effects of particle size, SiC preplacement, heat input and shielding gas flow rate
on surface topography, hardness and wear rate were investigated through several characterizationsand
tests.

Results:
Inspection of the surface topography reveals rippling marks which proved that the resolidification
process occurred during the TIG torch surface melting technique. The obtained result
showed that the preplacement of SiC reinforcement on DSS via TIG torch surface melting technique
could increase the hardness of DSS by ~ five times. From Taguchi analysis, the optimum combination
of parameters obtained for the lowest wear rate of surface layered DSS was: preplacement rate,
1.5 mg/mm2, SiC particles size, 60 μm; heat input, 720 J/mm; and gas flow rate, 15 L/min.

Conclusion:
The results of this study confirmed that conventional TIG torch melting technology
may be used as an alternative to the more expensive laser or plasma technique to create a new composite
surface layer on DSS material.
Design, Optimization, Synthesis and AntiTB Screening of Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Panneerselvam Theivendren , Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Alagarsamy Veerachamy , Saravanan Govindaraj , Parasuraman Pavadai 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:A biologically active benzimidazole synthesis was carried out at laboratory scale in order to reduce environmental pollution as well as to identify effective synthetic route.Methods:In this connection optimization was performed by Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) to develop experimental data through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimization of title analogue was performed by RSM which led us to the identification of high quality of synthetic yield. The effects of four independent parameters [1-5 mol of oxobutanoic acid (X1), 1-5 mol of thionyl chloride (X2), 1-5 mol of imidazol-2-yl-4-oxobutanoyl chloride (X3), and 1-5 mol of 4-nitro aniline (X4) were taken into optimize the synthetic yields of title scaffold.Results and Conclusion:A result of randomly generated benchmark and real values such as percentage yield, λmax and Retention Time (RT) of title compound are found to be highly significant. The present model is connected to maximize the percentage yield of title scaffold with the developed optimal set. The highly significant benzimidazole was screened for its MTB activity against MTB H37Ra strain by MABA screening.
A Robust Protocol for Extracting Aqueous Metabolites of High Lipid Sera
Authors: Taddeo Matthew C. , Robinson Emma J. , Hassid Noy Y. , Chu Xin , Shi Weixing , Wood Craig , Still Christopher , Rovnyak David 
Published: March 2019

Background:
With the increasing focus of metabolomic methods on obesityrelated
diseases, it is important to consider how sample handling may need to be adapted for
the high compositions of lipids that can occur in such subjects.

Introduction:
High-lipid (cloudy, milky appearances; a.k.a. lipemic) biofluids are common
in very high BMI subjects. Organic extractions of biofluids are useful for removing protein
backgrounds, inactivating capsid viruses, and yielding relatively stable samples with excellent
spectroscopic characteristics. This work considered how acetonitrile extractions, which
are widely used, perform on lipemic sera.

Results:
In this technical note, we report the observation and remediation of a liquid-liquid
phase separation in acetonitrile extractions of many lipemic sera. This unexpected behavior
can be challenging to identify, especially if working with small volumes. The liquid-liquid
separation shows a high miscibility of proteins in both liquid phases that impairs NMR data
quality. We also report a simple temperature-based adaption of the acetonitrile extraction
procedure that consistently results in a single aqueous phase and eliminates unwanted constituents.

Conclusion:
A robust approach to achieving reproducible, high quality samples of aqueous
metabolites from lipemic sera from very high BMI subjects should be of utility in expanding
metabolomics applications to lipemic biofluids.
Cost-Aware Ant Colony Optimization for Resource Allocation in Cloud Infrastructure
Authors: Gupta Punit , Goyal Ujjwal , Verma Vaishali 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Cloud Computing is a growing industry for secure and low cost pay per use
resources. Efficient resource allocation is the challenging issue in cloud computing environment. Many
task scheduling algorithms used to improve the performance of system. It includes ant colony, genetic
algorithm & Round Robin improve the performance but these are not cost efficient at the same time.

Objective:
In early proven task scheduling algorithms network cost are not included but in this proposed
ACO network overhead or cost is taken into consideration which thus improves the efficiency
of the algorithm as compared to the previous algorithm. Proposed algorithm aims to improve in term
of cost and execution time and reduces network cost.

Methods:
The proposed task scheduling algorithm in cloud uses ACO with network cost and execution
cost as a fitness function. This work tries to improve the existing ACO that will give improved
result in terms of performance and execution cost for cloud architecture. Our study includes a comparison
between various other algorithms with our proposed ACO model.

Results:
Performance is measured using an optimization criteria tasks completion time and resource
operational cost in the duration of execution. The network cost and user requests measures the performance
of the proposed model.

Conclusion:
The simulation shows that the proposed cost and time aware technique outperforms using
performance measurement parameters (average finish time, resource cost, network cost).
A Novel Bat Algorithm as ‘Range Determination’
Authors: Sharma Shabnam , Verma Sahil , Jyoti Kiran 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Bat Algorithm is one of the swarm intelligence techniques inspired from
the echolocation of bats. In this work, many variants of Bat Algorithm are studied which are developed
by various researchers. Despite its drawback of getting trapped in local optima, it is preferred
over other swarm intelligence techniques. Considering the performance of Bat Algorithm and to extend
the existing work, biological behavior of bats is explored in this research work.

Objective:
One of the characteristics of real bats, i.e. range determination, was adopted to propose a
new variant of Bat Algorithm.

Methods:
The proposed algorithm computed “distance” using cross correlation of emitted pulse and
received echo.

Results:
The performance of Range Determiner-Bat Algorithm (RD-Bat Algorithm) was compared
with Standard Bat Algorithm on the basis of best, median, mean, worst and standard deviation values.

Conclusion:
Experimental results of proposed algorithm outperformed the standard Bat Algorithm.