bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Echocardiographic Tool for Cardiac Output Evaluation: An Experimental Study
Authors: Bobbia Xavier , Muller Laurent , Claret Pierre-Géraud , Vigouroux Laure , Perez-Martin Antonia , de La Coussaye Jean Emmanuel , Lefrant Jean Yves , Louart Guillaume , Roger Claire , Markarian Thibaut 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
The correlation between cardiac output (CO) evaluated by echocardiography and CO measured by thermodilution (COth) varies according to different studies. A new transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) tool allows automatic calculation of the subaortic velocity time index (VTIauto) and CO (COauto). The main objective was to evaluate the correlation between COth and COauto in an anesthetized, ventilated piglet hemorrhagic shock (HS) model. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the correlation between COth and CO evaluated by manual measurements of VTI, and the preload-dependency of VTIvaresp.

Methods:
Eighteen piglets were bled until mean arterial pressure reached 40 mm Hg. Controlled hemorrhage was maintained for 30 min before a resuscitation phase. CO was measured by Pulse index Contour Cardiac Output thermodilution methods. At each time of the experiment, three VTI values were measured (min, med, max) and the average value was calculated. COs were calculated by TTE (COmax, COmed, COmin, COave).

Results:
For the 204 measures attempted, the success rate was 197 (97%) manually and 122 (60%) automatically (P < 0.01). The correlation coefficients (r) between COth and, respectively, COauto, COave, COmax, COmed, and COmin were: 0.83 (95% CI [0.76; 0.88]; P < 0.01), 0.54 (95% CI [0.43; 0.63]; P < 0.01), 0.43 (95% CI [0.31; 0.54]; P < 0.01), 0.58 (95% CI [0.48; 0.67]; P < 0.01), and 0.52 (95% CI [0.41; 0.62]; P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
In an experimental model of HS, a new ultrasound tool, COauto, seems better correlated with COth than manual echocardiographic measurements.
Is whole-brain radiotherapy still a standard treatment for primary central nervous system lymphomas?
Authors: Schlegel Uwe , Korfel Agnieszka 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
In primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL), optimal therapy remains to be established, and the role of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is a matter of debate. With radiation alone, transient responses and clinical improvement are frequent, but long-term disease control is exceptional. WBRT has been considered possible consolidation therapy after high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX)-based initial chemotherapy. This strategy has been questioned due to a high risk of delayed neurotoxicity after combined treatment. This review analyses the current role of WBRT in PCNSL.

Recent findings
Neither in retrospective analyses nor in randomized trials, an overall survival benefit with WBRT in addition to HDMTX-based initial chemotherapy could be found. On the other hand, a recent randomized trial did not show superiority of consolidation with high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation to consolidation WBRT after initial HDMTX-based polychemotherapy. This finding, however, is probably due to an intense initial therapy and to a small number of patients having reached consolidation and randomization to WBRT vs. high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation.

Summary
The current role of WBRT in PCNSL is confined to patients who cannot tolerate chemotherapy or have failed it. WBRT should not routinely be used for consolidation of HDMTX-based chemotherapy due to lack of evidence of efficacy as additional treatment and due to a high risk of neurotoxicity.
IgE-mediated regulation of IL-10 and type I interferon enhances rhinovirus-induced Th2 priming by primary human monocytes
Authors: Rowe Regina K. , Pyle David M. , Farrar J. David , Gill Michelle A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRhinovirus infections are linked to the development and exacerbation of allergic diseases including allergic asthma. IgE, another contributor to atopic disease pathogenesis, has been shown to regulate dendritic cell antiviral functions and influence T cell priming by monocytes. We previously demonstrated that IgE-mediated stimulation of monocytes alters multiple cellular functions including cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, and influenza-induced Th1 priming. In this study, we investigate the effects of IgE-mediated allergic stimulation on monocyte-driven, RV-induced T cell priming utilizing primary human monocyte-T cell co-cultures. We demonstrate that IgE crosslinking of RV-exposed monocytes enhances monocyte-driven Th2 priming. This increase in RV-induced Th2 differentiation was regulated by IgE-mediated inhibition of type I interferon and induction of IL-10. These findings suggest an additional mechanism by which two clinically significant risk factors for allergic disease exacerbations – IgE-mediated stimulation and rhinovirus infection, may synergistically promote Th2 differentiation and allergic inflammation.
Network-aware mutation clustering of cancer
Authors: Pattnaik Swetansu , Vacher Catherine , Lee Hong Ching , Kaplan Warren , Thomas David M. , Wu Jianmin , Pinese Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe grouping of cancers across tissue boundaries is central to precision oncology, but remains a difficult problem. Here we present EPICC (Experimental Protein Interaction Clustering of Cancer), a novel technique to cluster cancer patients based on DNA mutation profile, that leverages knowledge of protein-protein interactions to reduce noise and amplify biological signal. We applied EPICC to data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and both recapitulated known cancer clusterings, and identified new cross-tissue cancer groups that may indicate novel cancer molecular subtypes. Investigation of EPICC clusters revealed new protein modules which were recurrently mutated across cancers, and indicate new avenues for research into cancer biology. EPICC leveraged the Vodafone DreamLab citizen science platform, and we provide our results as a resource for researchers to investigate the role of protein modules in cancer.
Genome-wide meta-analysis of depression identifies 102 independent variants and highlights the importance of the prefrontal brain regions
Authors: Howard David M. , Adams Mark J. , Clarke Toni-Kim , Hafferty Jonathan D. , Gibson Jude , Shirali Masoud , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Hagenaars Saskia P. , Ward Joey , Wigmore Eleanor M. , Alloza Clara , Shen Xueyi , Barbu Miruna C. , Xu Eileen Y. , Whalley Heather C. , Marioni Riccardo E. , Porteous David J. , Davies Gail , Deary Ian J. , Hemani Gibran , Berger Klaus , Teismann Henning , Rawal Rajesh , Arolt Volker , Baune Bernhard T. , Dannlowski Udo , Domschke Katharina , Tian Chao , Hinds David A. ,   23andMe Research Team,   Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Trzaskowski Maciej , Byrne Enda M. , Ripke Stephan , Smith Daniel J. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Wray Naomi R. , Breen Gerome , Lewis Cathryn M. , McIntosh Andrew M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMajor depression is a debilitating psychiatric illness that is typically associated with low mood, anhedonia and a range of comorbidities. Depression has a heritable component that has remained difficult to elucidate with current sample sizes due to the polygenic nature of the disorder. To maximise sample size, we meta-analysed data on 807,553 individuals (246,363 cases and 561,190 controls) from the three largest genome-wide association studies of depression. We identified 102 independent variants, 269 genes, and 15 gene-sets associated with depression, including both genes and gene-pathways associated with synaptic structure and neurotransmission. Further evidence of the importance of prefrontal brain regions in depression was provided by an enrichment analysis. In an independent replication sample of 1,306,354 individuals (414,055 cases and 892,299 controls), 87 of the 102 associated variants were significant following multiple testing correction. Based on the putative genes associated with depression this work also highlights several potential drug repositioning opportunities. These findings advance our understanding of the complex genetic architecture of depression and provide several future avenues for understanding aetiology and developing new treatment approaches.
Methods for tagging very small fish
Authors: Bradley Deijah D. , Schimke Elianna J. , Alvey Alyssa P. , Hofmann Hans A. , Solomon-Lane Tessa K. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIdentifying individuals over time and across contexts is essential in many scientific fields. There are a variety of well-established methods for uniquely marking individuals (e.g., visible implant elastomer, barcodes, paint). However, for some species, life history stages, and/or experiments, existing methods are not sufficient. Here, we describe two methods – a tattoo method and a piercing method – for tagging juveniles of the African cichlid fish,Astatotilapia burtoni, which are too small for the methods used with adults, or other known methods. The tattoo method is appropriate for the youngest, smallestA. burtonijuveniles and injects tattoo ink into the dorsal muscle. Different colors and injection locations can be used to distinguish among individuals over a period of weeks (up to 4 weeks, average 2.5-3 weeks under our conditions). Because fish this young and small are sensitive to handling and injection, we also include physiological data showing fish recover well from anesthetization and tagging. The piercing method is appropriate for fish of all sizes, including the youngest, smallest juveniles. It uses very thin fishing line threaded through the dorsal muscle and tied into a barbell or loop. Unique colors and patterns can be used to distinguish among individuals over a period of months. We also include open field exploration behavior data because a physical tag might impede normal movement in very small fish. We expect these effective and inexpensive methods to be useful for a variety of small species and will facilitate early-life, developmental, and longitudinal research.
Psychological resilience correlates with EEG source-space brain network flexibility
Authors: Paban Veronique , Modolo Julien , Mheich Ahmad , Hassan Mahmoud 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed at identifying the potential relationship between the dynamical properties of the human functional network at rest and one of the most prominent traits of personality, namely resilience.ApproachTo tackle this issue, we used resting-state EEG data recorded from 45 healthy subjects. Resilience was quantified using the 10-items Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Using a sliding windows approach, brain networks in each EEG frequency band (delta, theta, alpha and beta) were constructed using the EEG source-space connectivity method. Brain networks dynamics were evaluated using the network flexibility, linked with the tendency of a given node to change its modular affiliation over time.Main ResultsThe results revealed a negative correlation between the psychological resilience and the brain network flexibility for a limited number of brain regions within the delta, alpha and beta bands.SignificanceThis study provides evidence that network flexibility, a metric of dynamic functional networks, is strongly correlated with psychological resilience as assessed from personality testing. Beyond this proof-of-principle that reliable EEG-based quantities representative of personality traits can be identified, this motivates further investigation regarding the full spectrum of personality aspects and their relationship with functional networks.
Functional determinants of a small protein controlling a broadly conserved bacterial sensor kinase
Authors: Yadavalli Srujana S , Goh Ted , Carey Jeffrey N , Malengo Gabriele , Vellappan Sangeevan , Nickels Bryce E , Sourjik Victor , Goulian Mark , Yuan Jing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe PhoQ/PhoP two-component system plays a vital role in the regulation of Mg2+homeostasis, resistance to acid and hyperosmotic stress, cationic antimicrobial peptides, and virulence inEscherichia coli, Salmonella and related bacteria. Previous studies have shown that MgrB, a 47 amino acid membrane protein that is part of the PhoQ/PhoP regulon, inhibits the histidine kinase PhoQ. MgrB is part of a negative feedback loop modulating this two-component system that prevents hyperactivation of PhoQ and may also provide an entry point for additional input signals for the PhoQ/PhoP pathway. To explore the mechanism of action of MgrB, we have analyzed the effects of point mutations, C-terminal truncations and transmembrane region swaps on MgrB activity. In contrast with two other known membrane protein regulators of histidine kinases inE. coli, we find that the MgrB TM region is necessary for PhoQ inhibition. Our results indicate that the TM region mediates interactions with PhoQ and that W20 is a key residue for PhoQ/MgrB complex formation. Additionally, mutations of the MgrB cytosolic region suggest that the two N-terminal lysines play an important role in regulating PhoQ activity. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the periplasmic region of MgrB further indicates that, with the exception of a few highly conserved residues, most residues are not essential for MgrB’s function as a PhoQ inhibitor. Our results indicate that the regulatory function of the small protein MgrB depends on distinct contributions from multiple residues spread across the protein. Interestingly, the TM region also appears to interact with other non-cognate histidine kinases in a bacterial two-hybrid assay, suggesting a potential route for evolving new small protein modulators of histidine kinases.
Causal evidence for LTP-based interference in visual learning
Authors: Bang Ji Won , Milton Diana , Sasaki Yuka , Watanabe Takeo , Rahnev Dobromir 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTraining related skills in close succession results in interference but the reasons for this interference are not understood. Here we test the hypothesis that interference occurs due to competition of long-term potentiation (LTP): the LTP induced by one task impedes the LTP induced by the other. Human subjects performed two consecutive training sessions on different Gabor orientations. Immediately after the offset of the first training, we applied continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to interfere with the LTP processes produced by the first training. We found that cTBS to a control site (vertex) resulted in substantial anterograde interference for the second training. Critically, cTBS to the visual cortex not only disrupted learning on the immediately preceding training, but also released the second training from the anterograde interference. These results provide strong support for the LTP-based theory of interference and suggest the possibility of directly manipulating the competition between different learning periods.
Restaurant dependence/autonomy in the supply chain and market responsiveness
Authors: Cho Meehee , Bonn Mark A. , Susskind Alex , Giunipero Larry 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This study aims to understand how restaurant dependence and autonomy within the supply chain influence market responsiveness. An examination of influences related to improving market responsiveness was also conducted by investigating the moderating roles of information technology adoption and trust.

Design/methodology/approach
Hierarchical regression models were developed to test the hypothesized relationships. In particular, data were obtained from only independent restaurant owners and managers because of their ability to select and determine their own suppliers.

Findings
Results revealed that restaurant autonomy from suppliers has a more positive effect on market responsiveness than supplier dependence. The moderating test results revealed that information technology adoption significantly improved the relationships between restaurant dependence and market responsiveness, while exhibiting no significant moderating effect. Restaurant trust in suppliers significantly improved the positive effect of autonomy upon market responsiveness; however, it had no significant moderating effect on this link.

Originality/value
This study was conducted to identify what types of supplier relationships should be pursued to improve the independent restaurant’s ability to effectively respond to market conditions. The findings regarding the moderating effects of information technology adoption and trust provided clear evidence that buyer–supply relationship strategies should be developed in consideration of those distinguishable characteristics unique to the operations and environment of independent restaurants.

Practical implications
Findings can be applied to developing desirable relationships with suppliers characterized by restaurant dependence or autonomy and contribute to improving managerial actions for independent restaurants involving adopting information technology and building trust.
Factors associated with participation and completion of a survey-based study
Authors: Yale Steven H. , Liang Hong , Schmelzer John R. , Poplau Sara , Bell Lauren Nicole , Toklu Hale Z. , Brown Roger L. , Williams Eric , Linzer Mark 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The Healthy Work Place (HWP) study investigated methods to improve clinicians’ dissatisfaction and burnout. The purpose of this paper is to identify factors that influenced study enrollment and completion and assess effects of initial clinic site enrollment rates on clinician outcomes, including satisfaction, burnout, stress and intent to leave practice.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 144 primary care clinicians (general internists, family physicians, nurse practitioners and physician assistants) at 14 primary care clinics were analyzed.

Findings
In total, 72 clinicians enrolled in the study and completed the first survey (50 percent enrollment rate). Of these, 10 did not complete the second survey (86 percent completion rate). Gender, type, burnout, stress and intervention did not significantly affect survey completion. Hence, widespread agreement about most moral/ethical issues (72 percent vs 22 percent; p=0.0060) and general agreement on treatment methods (81 percent vs 50 percent; p=0.0490) were reported by providers that completed both surveys as opposed to just the initial survey. Providers with high initial clinic site enrollment rates (=50 percent providers) obtained better outcomes, including improvements in or no worsening of satisfaction (odds ratio (OR)=19.16; p=0.0217) and burnout (OR=6.24; p=0.0418).

Social implications
More providers experiencing workplace agreement completed the initial and final surveys, and providers at sites with higher initial enrollment rates obtained better outcomes including a higher rate of improvement or no worsening of job satisfaction and burnout.

Originality/value
There is limited research on clinicians’ workplace and other factors that influence their participation in survey-based studies. The findings help us to understand how these factors may affect quality of data collecting and outcome. Thus, the study provides us insight for improvement of quality in primary care.
Identification of factors influencing the rise of cesarean sections rates in Pakistan, using MCDM
Authors: Ali Yousaf , Khan Muhammad Waseem , Mumtaz UbaidUllah , Salman Aneel , Muhammad Noor , Sabir Muhammad 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe rate of cesarean sections has been rapidly increased in the last few decades in all the developing as well as developed countries. The rate of cesarean sections determined by the World Health Organization has been crossed by many countries, like Brazil, India, China, USA, Australia, etc. Similarly, this rate has also increased in Pakistan. The purpose of this paper is to explore and identify the factors that are responsible for the rising rate of cesarean sections in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThese factors are categorized under medical and non-medical factors. The medical factors include the obesity of mother, age of mother, weight of the baby, umbilical cord prolapse, fetal distress, abnormal presentation, dystocia and failure to progress. The non-medical factors include financial incentives of doctors, time convenience for doctors, high tolerance to surgery, patient’s preference toward cesarean section, private hospitals, public hospitals, income status of patients, rural areas, urban areas and the education of patients. To identify the critical factors, data have been collected and a multi-criteria decision-making technique, called Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, is used.FindingsThe result shows that the medical factors that are responsible for the rise in the rate of cesarean sections are umbilical cord prolapse, age of mother and obesity of mother. On the other hand, the non-medical factors that are the reasons for the increase in cesarean sections are the large number of private hospitals and the unethical acts of the doctors in these hospitals, preference of patients, and either the unavailability of doctors or poor conditions of hospitals in rural areas.Originality/valueCesarean section is an important surgical intervention and is considered to be very essential in the cases of existing as well as potential medical problems to the mother or the baby. Cesarean section is also performed for non-medical reasons. In Pakistan, the number of private hospitals has increased and these hospitals provide good health care. However, these hospitals do not work under the rules and regulations set by the government. The doctors in private hospitals perform unnecessary cesarean sections in order to fulfill the demands of private hospital’s owners. In addition to this, it is also found that, nowadays, most women prefer to give birth through cesarean section in order to eliminate the pain of normal vaginal delivery.
Improving hospital food menu quality: an experimental approach
Authors: Lindholm Jorunn , Vadoudi Yasaman , Hansen Håvard 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the negative impressions consumers hold toward institutional food can be remedied by subtle changes in menu descriptions. While an expectancy-disconfirmation explanation would suggest this, a negativity bias explanation would suggest otherwise.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors test the research question using an experimental 2 × 2 full factorial design, with data collected from 100 university students.

Findings
The results show that when hospital menus are made somewhat fancier in their description, consumers evaluate the food as more attractive and menu variation to be greater. This implies that the judgments are more likely to be based on an expectancy-disconfirmation process that on being subject to negativity bias.

Research limitations/implications
The authors study perceived attractiveness and menu variation, but future research should include taste perceptions and consumption volume.

Practical implications
Institution managers could improve consumer perceptions of how attractive the food being served is, and the perceived variation in their menus, by subtly changing the course descriptions to become fancier. However, as such, a strategy based on an expectancy-disconfirmation process, institution managers should beware not to sweeten the pill too much, i.e., making promises they cannot keep may backfire if one makes the menus too fancy compared to what is delivered.

Originality/value
The authors extend current knowledge on menu label effects by addressing them for food suppliers, which are inherently associated with low food quality. The authors also show that when managers apply such strategies, the effect is due to a disconfirmation process rather than a negativity bias.