bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of CPR Knowledge among Clinical Radiography Students at a Tertiary Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Akpaniwo G. M. , Sadiq A. A. , Iliyasu I. Y. , Abubakar U. , Gurama A. D. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Current state of practice of medical imaging now encompasses advance supportive care to patient, in addition to the supportive care offered for the stabilization of patient before radiologic procedures. Advance supportive care, such as Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is offered to patient who may have cardiopulmonary arrests.
Objective: To assess the knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among clinical radiography students of a tertiary institution in Sokoto.
Methods: A cross section study employing a semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire, consisting of two section, designed with the aim of the study were distributed among 82 clinical radiography students (300 – 500 level), in the 2017/2018 academy session of the tertiary institution (Usmanu Danfodiyo University) in Sokoto. The data were extracted using SPSS version 20 and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: A total of 75 questionnaire were returned, yielding a response rate of 91.5%. Respondents comprised 53 male and 22 female aged 20 to 34 years with mean age of 27 years. It was observed that 68% of the students had never had a CPR training and about 4% of the respondents knew the recommended compression to ventilation ratio during a CPR. While 1.3% knew the recommended chest compression to be performed each minute when giving CPR. Majority of the respondents (94.7%) were of the opinion, that CPR training should be made mandatory for all clinical radiography students.
Conclusion: Base on the evidence presented within this study, there is knowledge gap in the practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among clinical radiography students, as majority of the students do not have adequate knowledge on the practice of CPR.
Assessment of Knowledge and Competencies of Community Pharmacists for Differentiated HIV Care and Services in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Dapar M. L. P. , Joseph B. N. , Damun P. A. , Okunlola C. R. , Alphonsus P. N. , Aya B. M. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Knowledge and competence of community pharmacists in HIV care, are essential for translating the goals of differentiated care into improved outcomes.
Aims: To assess the knowledge and competence of community pharmacists in Jos, for differentiated HIV care and services.
Study Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Community pharmacies in Jos North and Jos South local government areas of Plateau state, North-Central Nigeria, between September to November, 2018.
Methodology: We included community pharmacists who responded to six items on knowledge of HIV therapeutics with each correct answer recording a score of 1 and zero for wrong answers. Respondents with a correct score of 5 or 6 represent good knowledge. We examined competence on a 36 item scale graded 1 for weak competence and 5 for strong competence. Factor analysis; reduce the 36 scale items down to competency domains. Frequencies and percentages for reported competencies were presented. In addition, aggregated scores for each of the competency domains were used to compare respondents based on years of experience, educational level and employment status in community pharmacy. All levels of significance were set at p≤ 0.05.
Results: 73 out of 110 community pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of these, only 25% reported good level of knowledge in HIV therapeutics. 69% reported strong competency in identifying drug therapy problems, 31% inter-professional and patient communication. There was statistically significant difference in competency domains based on years of practice experience and employment status p<0.05. Respondents with 10 years or less of practice experience recorded higher mean ranked scores compared to those with 11 or more years. Similarly, employed pharmacists recorded higher mean ranked scores than those who owned their business.
Conclusion: Overall, respondents reported low knowledge and weak competency in HIV care emphasizing the need for specialized training before implementation of differentiated care model.
Accurate Control of Core–Shell Upconversion Nanoparticles through Anisotropic Strain Engineering
Authors: Zhao Jianxiong , Chen Xian , Chen Bing , Luo Xue , Sun Tianying , Zhang Weiwei , Wang Changjian , Lin Jun , Su Dong , Qiao Xvsheng , Wang Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effect of anisotropic interfacial strain on epitaxial growth and optical emission of sodium rare‐earth fluoride core–shell nanoparticles is investigated. A variety of sodium rare‐earth fluoride shells are grown on hexagonal‐phase NaYF4:Yb/Er core for providing anisotropic tuning of interfacial strains. Using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction characterizations, the correlations between the epitaxial habits and the interfacial strains are quantitatively addressed. Furthermore, the growth affinity is tuned by controlling precursor concentration in conjunction with Ca2+ doping, which results in accurate regulation of the anisotropic growth. The lattice strain resulting from mismatched epitaxy is found to enhance luminescence response of the nanoparticles to temperature change.
A Microfluidic Tool for Fine‐Tuning Motion of Soft Micromotors
Authors: Keller Shauni , Hu Guo Xun , Gherghina‐Tudor Maria I. , Teora Serena P. , Wilson Daniela A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicrofluidics is an ideal tool for the design of self‐assembled micromotors. It allows for easy change of solutions, catalysts, and flow rates, which affect shape, structure, and motion of the resulting micromotors. A microfluidic tool generating aqueous‐two‐phase‐separating droplets of UV‐polymerizable poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) and an inert phase, salt, or polysaccharide, is utilized to fabricate asymmetric microbeads. Different molecular weights and branching of polysaccharides are used to study the effect on shape, surface roughness, and motion of the particles. The molecular weight of the polysaccharide determines the roughness of the motors inner surface. Smooth openings are obtained by low molecular weight dextran, while high surface roughness is obtained with a high molecular weight branched polysaccharide. Since roughness plays an important role in bubble pinning, it influences both speed and trajectory. Increasing speeds are obtained with increasing roughness and trajectories ranging from linear, circular to tumble‐and‐run depending on the nature of bubble pinning. This microfluidic tool allows for fine‐tuning shape, structure, and motion by easy change of solutions, catalysts, and flow rates.
Focus on the Essential: Extracting the Decisive Energy Barrier of a Complex Process
Authors: Aeschlimann Simon , Neff Julia , Bechstein Ralf , Paris Chiara , Floris Andrea , Kantorovich Lev , Kühnle Angelika 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMolecular processes at surfaces can be composed of a rather complex sequence of steps. The kinetics of even seemingly simple steps are demonstrated to depend on a multitude of factors, which prohibits applying a simple Arrhenius law. This complexity can make it challenging to experimentally determine the kinetic parameters of a single step. However, a molecular‐level understanding of molecular processes such as structural transitions requires elucidating the atomistic details of the individual steps. Here, a strategy is presented to extract the energy barrier of a decisive step in a very complex structural transition by systematically addressing all factors that impact the transition kinetics. Only by eliminating these factors in the measurement the experimental data will follow an Arrhenius law and the barrier can be extracted for the single step. Using the system of 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid on calcite (10.4) as an example, the energy barrier is determined for the attachment‐assisted dissociation of molecular dimers in the structural transition from a striped to a dense molecular surface structure. This disentanglement approach is mandatory for a direct comparison with theoretical results and provides molecular‐level insights into the transition mechanism.
Facile and High‐Efficient Synthesis of High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrode Materials Based on the Synergistic Intercalation and Oxidation of Layered Tungsten Disulfide
Authors: Tang Xing‐Yan , Li Meng‐Fan , Gao Li‐Fang , Yan Han , Deng Si‐Ming , Fan Jian‐Biao , Zheng Ming‐Sen , Deng Shun‐Liu , Zhang Qian‐Yan , Xie Su‐Yuan , Zheng Lan‐Sun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of tungsten oxide (WO3) is closely related to its morphology and lattice symmetry. However, current synthetic approaches are typically limited by product controllability, environmental friendliness, and low scalability. Here, a facile and high‐efficient synthesis is reported of WO3 nanosheets based on the synergistic intercalation and oxidation of layered tungsten disulfide (WS2). The complete conversion from WS2 to WO3 is confirmed by crystallographic, spectroscopic, microscopic, and elemental analysis. The prepared WO3 nanosheets exhibit a superior specific capacitance of 480 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and a good cycling stability at a current density of 10 A g−1. Notably, benefitting from the 2D nanosheet structure and the high lattice symmetry, the cubic WO3 nanosheets possess a high specific capacitance of 384 F g−1 at a high current density of 20 A g−1, which is much higher than that of other WO3‐based electrode materials.
Acoustofluidic Synthesis of Particulate Nanomaterials
Authors: Huang Po‐Hsun , Zhao Shuaiguo , Bachman Hunter , Nama Nitesh , Li Zhishang , Chen Chuyi , Yang Shujie , Wu Mengxi , Zhang Steven Peiran , Huang Tony Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSynthesis of nanoparticles and particulate nanomaterials with tailored properties is a central step toward many applications ranging from energy conversion and imaging/display to biosensing and nanomedicine. While existing microfluidics‐based synthesis methods offer precise control over the synthesis process, most of them rely on passive, partial mixing of reagents, which limits their applicability and potentially, adversely alter the properties of synthesized products. Here, an acoustofluidic (i.e., the fusion of acoustic and microfluidics) synthesis platform is reported to synthesize nanoparticles and nanomaterials in a controllable, reproducible manner through acoustic‐streaming‐based active mixing of reagents. The acoustofluidic strategy allows for the dynamic control of the reaction conditions simply by adjusting the strength of the acoustic streaming. With this platform, the synthesis of versatile nanoparticles/nanomaterials is demonstrated including the synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles, chitosan nanoparticles, organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials, metal–organic framework biocomposites, and lipid‐DNA complexes. The acoustofluidic synthesis platform, when incorporated with varying flow rates, compositions, or concentrations of reagents, will lend itself unprecedented flexibility in establishing various reaction conditions and thus enable the synthesis of versatile nanoparticles and nanomaterials with prescribed properties.
Versatile Applications of Metal Single‐Atom @ 2D Material Nanoplatforms
Authors: Zhang Bin , Fan Taojian , Xie Ni , Nie Guohui , Zhang Han 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecently, emerging 2D material‐supported metal single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are receiving enormous attention in heterogeneous catalysis. Due to their well‐defined, precisely located metal centers, unique metal–support interaction and identical coordination environment, these catalysts serve as excellent models for understanding the fundamental issues in catalysis as well as exhibiting intriguing practical applications. Understanding the correlations between metal–support combinations and the catalytic performance at the atomic level can be achieved on the SACs@2D materials nanoplatforms. Herein, recent advances of metal SACs on various types of 2D materials are reviewed, especially their exciting applications in the fields of chemicals, energy, and the environment. Based on the summary and perspectives, this work should contribute to the rational design of perfect metal SACs with versatile properties.
High‐Performance Proximity Sensors with Nanogroove‐Template‐Enhanced Extended‐Gate Field‐Effect Transistor Configuration
Authors: Liu Weilin , Niu Yixue , Chen Qiusong , Jiang Hanxiao , Xu Fan , Zhu Guodong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years human–machine interaction has become increasingly important in industrial applications and daily life. Proximity sensors are expected to become an important part of such systems. The mechanisms of these sensors are usually based on ultrasound, capacitance, triboelectric effect, optical imaging or semiconducting devices. The fabrication and sensing performance of solution‐based organic transistor proximity sensors is reported. To enhance electrical performance, nanogroove templates are introduced to guide the oriented growth of organic semiconducting layer. The templates are realized by friction‐transferring polytetrafluoroethylene thin layers onto SiO2/Si substrates. An extended gate structure for proximity sensing is designed, in which one end of a silver wire is electrically connected with the gate of the transistor and the other end serves as the sensing end. Proximity sensing is characterized by bringing various charged stimuli close to the sensor and recording the resulting change in drain current. The sensor showed good repeatability during the approach and withdrawal of a stimulus. A maximum current response of 2.2 μA between distances of 3 mm and 53 mm and distance sensitivity of 2.5 nA mm‐1 at a distance of 13 mm are obtained when a charged polytetrafluoroethylene rod is moved up and down above the sensing end.
The Role of Grain Boundaries in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Castro‐Méndez Andrés‐Felipe , Hidalgo Juanita , Correa‐Baena Juan‐Pablo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGrain boundaries (GBs) play an important role in most polycrystalline solar cells. In perovskite solar cells, the research community is just starting to understand their effects on performance and long‐term durability. In this essay, three important questions are explored: Do GBs affect: 1) recombination and thus open‐circuit voltage? Not dramatically, if at all; 2) current–voltage hysteresis? Most studies show that hysteresis is dominated by defects at GBs; and 3) long‐term durability? Yes, GBs definitely help increase the rate of perovskite degradation. In this essay, the latest reports are summarized and the authors' perspective on this very important subject is given.
Simultaneous Cobalt and Phosphorous Doping of MoS2 for Improved Catalytic Performance on Polysulfide Conversion in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lin Haibin , Zhang Shengliang , Zhang Tianran , Ye Hualin , Yao Qiaofeng , Zheng Guangyuan Wesley , Lee Jim Yang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe lithium–sulfur batteries are susceptible to the loss of sulfur as dissolved polysulfides in the electrolyte and their ensuing redox shutting effect. The acceleration of the conversion kinetics of dissolved polysulfides into the insoluble sulfur and lithium sulfide via electrocatalysis has the appeal of being a root‐cause solution. MoS2 is the most common electrocatalyst used for this purpose. It is demonstrated that how the effectiveness can be improved by simultaneous cobalt and phosphorus doping of MoS2 nanotubes (P‐Mo0.9Co0.1S2‐2, containing 1.81 at% of P). Cobalt doping induces the transformation of MoS2 from 2H phase to metallic 1T phase, which improves the electrical conductivity of the MoS2. The Co–P coordinated sites on the catalyst surface are highly active for the polysulfide conversion reactions. Consequently, a sulfur cathode with P‐Mo0.9Co0.1S2‐2 can decrease the capacity fade rate from 0.28% per cycle before modification (over 150 cycles at 0.5C rate) to 0.046% per cycle after modification (over 600 cycles at 1C rate). P‐Mo0.9Co0.1S2‐2 also enhances the high rate performance from a capacity of 338 to 931 mAh g−1 at 6C rate. The results of this study provide the first direct evidence of the beneficial effects of heteroatom codoping of polysulfide conversion catalysts.
Role of charge and hydrophobicity in translocation of cell‐penetrating peptides into Candida albicans cells
Authors: Gong Zifan , Doolin Mary T. , Adhikari Sayanee , Stroka Kimberly M. , Karlsson Amy J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough the interactions of cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) with mammalian cells have been widely studied, much less is known about their interactions with fungal cells. To study how the properties of CPPs affect translocation into fungal cells, we designed variants of the peptides pVEC and SynB with altered levels of charge and hydrophobicity and evaluated the translocation of the variants into the important human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Charge played a greater role in translocation efficacy of the peptides than hydrophobicity, with a higher net positive charge leading to higher level of translocation into C. albicans and a higher level of cytosolic localization. Hydrophobicity had little effect on translocation efficacy, but a low level of hydrophobicity did lead to increased vacuolar localization and an energy‐dependent translocation mechanism. Our results suggest that CPPs can be designed for desired levels of cargo delivery into fungal cells and for desired translocation mechanisms.
Engineering 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase to a 2‐oxo aliphatic dehydrogenase complex by optimizing consecutive components
Authors: Chakraborty Joydeep , Nemeria Natalia S. , Zhang Xu , Nareddy Pradeep R. , Szostak Michal , Farinas Edgardo , Jordan Frank 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultienzyme complexes have the potential for green catalysis of sequential reactions. The Escherichia coli 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc) was converted from a 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase to a 2‐oxo aliphatic dehydrogenase complex by engineering consecutive components. OGDHc catalyzes succinyl‐CoA synthesis in the Krebs cycle. OGDHc is composed of three components: E1o, 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase; E2o, dihydrolipoylsuccinyl transferase; E3, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. There are three substrate checkpoints. One is in E1o and two in E2o. OGDHc was reprogrammed to accept alternative substrates by evolving the E1o and E2o components. Wt‐ODGHc does not accept aliphatic substrates. E1o was previously engineered to accept a non‐natural aliphatic substrate, 2‐oxovalerate (2‐OV). E2o also required engineering to accept 2‐OV in the overall reaction. Hence, saturation mutagenesis libraries of E2o were screened for 2‐OV activity. E2o‐S333M, E2o‐H348F, E2o‐H348Q, and E2o‐H348Y were identified to show activity for 2‐OV in the reconstituted complex. Variants also displayed activity for larger aliphatic substrates.
Knee osteoarthritis among airport baggage handlers: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Mikkelsen Sigurd , Pedersen Ellen B. , Brauer Charlotte , Møller Karina L. , Alkjær Tine , Koblauch Henrik , Simonsen Erik B. , Thygesen Lau C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundKnee osteoarthritis is a common and often disabling disorder, which has been related to knee‐straining work. However, exposure response relations are uncertain and there are few prospective studies. We studied prospectively if incident knee osteoarthritis is associated with cumulative exposure as an airport baggage handler, lifting on average 5000 kg/d.MethodsThe study is based on the Copenhagen Airport Cohort, a historical cohort of male baggage handlers and a reference group of unskilled men from the greater Copenhagen area, followed from 1990 to 2012. Cumulative years of employment as a baggage handler was based on information from company employment and union registers. Outcome was first hospital admission with a discharge diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis and/or knee replacement, ascertained from the Danish National Patient Register.ResultsThe cohort contained 3442 baggage handlers and 65 511 workers in the reference group. The unadjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of knee osteoarthritis increased steeply with cumulative years as a baggage handler. Although the exposure‐response pattern became weaker and statistically nonsignificant (P ≈ .10) when adjusting for age, the risk of knee osteoarthritis was still increased in baggage handlers at the highest exposure level. Additional analyses showed that the association between age and osteoarthritis was stronger for baggage handlers (IRR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.68‐2.60) than for referents (IRR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.53‐1.63), indicating that knee osteoarthritis occurred at a younger age among baggage handlers than in the reference group.ConclusionsThe results of this prospective cohort study support that long‐term heavy lifting increases the risk of knee osteoarthritis.
Electroreduction of CO2 on Single‐Site Copper‐Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Material: Selective Formation of Ethanol and Reversible Restructuration of the Metal Sites
Authors: Karapinar Dilan , Huan Ngoc Tran , Ranjbar Sahraie Nastaran , Li Jingkun , Wakerley David , Touati Nadia , Zanna Sandrine , Taverna Dario , Galvão Tizei Luiz Henrique , Zitolo Andrea , Jaouen Frédéric , Mougel Victor , Fontecave Marc 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is generally believed that CO2 electroreduction to multi‐carbon products such as ethanol or ethylene may be catalyzed with significant yield only on metallic copper surfaces, implying large ensembles of copper atoms. Here, we report on an inexpensive Cu‐N‐C material prepared via a simple pyrolytic route that exclusively feature single copper atoms with a CuN4 coordination environment, atomically dispersed in a nitrogen‐doped conductive carbon matrix. This material achieves aqueous CO2 electroreduction to ethanol at a Faradaic yield of 55 % under optimized conditions (electrolyte: 0.1 m CsHCO3, potential: −1.2 V vs. RHE and gas‐phase recycling set up), as well as CO electroreduction to C2‐products (ethanol and ethylene) with a Faradaic yield of 80 %. During electrolysis the isolated sites transiently convert into metallic copper nanoparticles, as shown by operando XAS analysis, which are likely to be the catalytically active species. Remarkably, this process is reversible and the initial material is recovered intact after electrolysis.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Vinylboronates from Ketone Enolates Triggered by 1,3‐Metalate Rearrangement of Lithium Enolates
Authors: Hu Yue , Sun Wei , Zhang Tao , Xu Nuo , Xu Jianeng , Lan Yu , Liu Chao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn unprecedented stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted vinylboronates is reported to proceed by direct borylation of lithium ketone enolates under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The stereospecific C−O borylation of lithium enolates was triggered by a carbonyl‐induced 1,3‐metalate rearrangement via a C‐bound boron enolate. DFT calculations and control experiments revealed that the stereoselectivity is controlled by sterics. A variety of stereospecific trisubstituted vinylboronates, together with several tetrasubstituted vinylboronates, were conveniently synthesized with the newly developed methodology. Based on the transformation of stereospecific vinylboronate, a single isomer of Dienestrol was efficiently obtained.