bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking Tool Helps Deliver ROI from Early‐Stage Design Insights
Authors: Wynn Leslie 
Published: August 2018

There is an inflection point at which ambiguity and the definition of project boundaries have to give way to the rigor of implementation—and design's contribution has frequently been positioned to the right of that point. This tool helps bridge the disconnect between early design research and the specifics of design requirements, reducing cost and time to market while delivering a higher quality and more appropriate solution to the end user.The most successful company is not necessarily the one that spends the most on research and development; rather, it's the company that spends its limited development funds in the right areas. Design can help.
Pseudomyrmex concolor Smith (Formicidae: Pseudomyrmecinae) as induced biotic defence for host plant Tachigali myrmecophila Ducke (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: Jr Pacheco Paulo S M , Del‐Claro Kleber 
Published: August 2018

1. Ants are recognized as induced biotic defence in mutualistic relationships with myrmecophytic plants. Pseudomyrmex concolor is an aggressive Amazonian ant that works as an anti‐herbivory agent for its host plant Tachigali myrmecophila. However, it is not known how this ant maintains the plant on low levels of herbivory.2. Tachigali myrmecophila provides no food for P. concolor making this model appropriate to test the hypothesis that ants associated with myrmecophytes act as induced biotic defence by herbivory. Based on Optimal Defence Theory, we tested whether the response to herbivory and the ant daily activity rhythm is more frequent in most valuable parts of the plant, such as young leaves.3. Ants were observed in young and mature leaves exposed to herbivory by experimental manipulation. Results suggest that ants act as induced biotic defence in T. myrmecophila: number of ants was significantly higher in manipulated leaflets, as well as the daily activity rhythm was increased in young leaves. The time to detect herbivory in young and mature leaves did not differ. However, leaf extracts signs were identified more quickly by the ants.4. Induced ant responses in the ant–myrmecophytic plants system can be considered constitutive defence because ants are present throughout the development of their host plant from seedling to adulthood, responding aggressively to any intruder. In the Pseudomyrmex–Tachigali system, the presence of ants on the plants is, per se, a constitutive defence. However, the patrolling activity is an induced response, being the result of several plant‐related cues (chemical and physical) associated with herbivory activity.
An innovative educational approach in using instructional videos to teach dental local anaesthetic skills
Authors: Wong Grace , Apthorpe Heather C. , Ruiz Kate , Nanayakkara Shanika 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveGood clinical skills are crucial for all dental practitioners. The transfer of knowledge from didactic lectures to daily clinical application can be challenging for current millennial learners. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using instructional videos to teach dental local anaesthesia in an undergraduate oral health programme in 2017.MethodsThe philosophical basis of this study relies on the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course which has been proven effective in practical education. Video clips were made in 3 different formats, with the addition of a quiz‐embedded version to reinforce learning and revision for practical assessments.ResultsAll the students agreed that their motivation to watch the videos was to refresh their memories before assessments. 90% of students agreed the videos helped them to learn psychomotor skills that required accuracy. There was a statistically significant correlation between the number of views of the videos on the administration of block injections and the marks received for practical assessment (r = 0.36, P = 0.05), and correlation between participating in online quizzes and theory assessment (r = 0.371, P = 0.044). Videos with narration and background music were found to be popular amongst oral health students.ConclusionThe use of instructional videos has been found effective in complementing the ATLS approach for teaching psychomotor skills in the administration of local anaesthetics by oral health students. Further studies are required to measure the students’ retention of knowledge and application of skills on a patient in clinical settings.
Genomics and conservation units: The genetic basis of adult migration timing in Pacific salmonids
Authors: Waples Robin S. , Lindley Steven T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIt is now routinely possible to generate genomics‐scale datasets for nonmodel species; however, many questions remain about how best to use these data for conservation and management. Some recent genomics studies of anadromous Pacific salmonids have reported a strong association between alleles at one or a very few genes and a key life history trait (adult migration timing) that has played an important role in defining conservation units. Publication of these results has already spurred a legal challenge to the existing framework for managing these species, which was developed under the paradigm that most phenotypic traits are controlled by many genes of small effect, and that parallel evolution of life history traits is common. But what if a key life history trait can only be expressed if a specific allele is present? Does the current framework need to be modified to account for the new genomics results, as some now propose? Although this real‐world example focuses on Pacific salmonids, the issues regarding how genomics can inform us about the genetic basis of phenotypic traits, and what that means for applied conservation, are much more general. In this perspective, we consider these issues and outline a general process that can be used to help generate the types of additional information that would be needed to make informed decisions about the adequacy of existing conservation and management frameworks.
Comparing genomic signatures of domestication in two Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations with different geographical origins
Authors: López Maria E. , Benestan Laura , Moore Jean‐Sebastien , Perrier Charles , Gilbey John , Di Genova Alex , Maass Alejandro , Diaz Diego , Lhorente Jean‐Paul , Correa Katharina , Neira Roberto , Bernatchez Louis , Yáñez José M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSelective breeding and genetic improvement have left detectable signatures on the genomes of domestic species. The elucidation of such signatures is fundamental for detecting genomic regions of biological relevance to domestication and improving management practices. In aquaculture, domestication was carried out independently in different locations worldwide, which provides opportunities to study the parallel effects of domestication on the genome of individuals that have been selected for similar traits. In this study, we aimed to detect potential genomic signatures of domestication in two independent pairs of wild/domesticated Atlantic salmon populations of Canadian and Scottish origins, respectively. Putative genomic regions under divergent selection were investigated using a 200K SNP array by combining three different statistical methods based either on allele frequencies (LFMM, Bayescan) or haplotype differentiation (Rsb). We identified 337 and 270 SNPs potentially under divergent selection in wild and hatchery populations of Canadian and Scottish origins, respectively. We observed little overlap between results obtained from different statistical methods, highlighting the need to test complementary approaches for detecting a broad range of genomic footprints of selection. The vast majority of the outliers detected were population‐specific but we found four candidate genes that were shared between the populations. We propose that these candidate genes may play a role in the parallel process of domestication. Overall, our results suggest that genetic drift may have override the effect of artificial selection and/or point toward a different genetic basis underlying the expression of similar traits in different domesticated strains. Finally, it is likely that domestication may predominantly target polygenic traits (e.g., growth) such that its genomic impact might be more difficult to detect with methods assuming selective sweeps.
Candidate long‐range regulatory sites acting on the IL17 pathway genes TRAF3IP2 and IL17RA are associated with psoriasis
Authors: Nititham Joanne , Fergusson Calum , Palmer Colin , Liao Wilson , Foerster John 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐mediated disruption of IL17A, IL17F and IL17RA proteins is effective in psoriasis. However, disruption of the IL17 pathway by functional mutations has so far only been shown to affect risk in IL23R and TRAF3IP2. It is unclear whether this is due to rarity of disruptive mutations. Objective: (a) To delineate the prevalence of mutations in key IL17 pathway genes and (b) to identify candidate regulatory sites acting on IL23R, IL17A, IL17RA and TRAF3IP2 from a distance.MethodsExtraction of mutation frequencies from ExAc data, evolutionary sequence alignment; mapping of long‐range interacting (LRI) enhancers; and genetic association testing in a novel psoriasis cohort.ResultsThe prevalence of disruptive mutations in genes such as IL17RA is sufficient to have been detectable by existing data sets. Therefore, lack of their association with psoriasis indicates that genetic risk primarily resides in variants acting from a distance. We identify two LRI enhancer sites, regulating IL17RA and TRAF3IP2, respectively. The TRAF3IP2 regulator localizes to the TRAF3IP2 antisense promoter, suggesting feedback regulation. Both LRI sites are associated with psoriasis in a novel Scottish psoriasis cohort and the TRAF3IP2‐LRI at rs71562294 replicates in the WTCCC cohort.ConclusionGenetic risk for psoriasis may be encoded at LRI sites regulating IL17 pathway genes from a distance.
Nitrogen Mass Fraction and Isotope Determinations in Geological Reference Materials Using Sealed‐Tube Combustion Coupled with Continuous‐Flow Isotope‐Ratio Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Feng Lianjun , Li Hongwei , Liu Wei 
Published: August 2018

A method using a high‐temperature sealed‐tube combustion technique coupled with a continuous‐flow isotope‐ratio mass spectrometer (CF‐IRMS) was developed in this study to accurately determine the nitrogen mass fractions and δ15N of silicate rocks with a low nitrogen mass fraction of < 200 μg g−1. Analysis of reference material (HBa3) demonstrated that the nitrogen mass fraction and δ15N results using the developed method were in agreement with data obtained using classical sealed‐tube combustion coupled to a dual‐inlet MS. Given the lack of commercially accessible reference materials usable for interlaboratory comparisons, two igneous reference materials (BCR‐2 and BHVO‐2) obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) were analysed for nitrogen mass fractions and δ15N using the new method. Due to their homogenous characteristics, they can potentially be used as test materials for inter‐laboratory comparisons. The sealed‐tube combustion technique yielded higher N mass fractions than the elemental analyser, suggesting that previous nitrogen mass fractions measured using EA‐IRMS were underestimated. Thus, the nitrogen mass fractions and δ15N of BCR‐2 and BHVO‐2 may not have been correctly determined using EA‐IRMS.
Risk factors and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Yang Philip , Formanek Perry , Scaglione Steven , Afshar Majid 
Published: August 2018

AimPrior randomized controlled trials of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) excluded critically ill patients with cirrhosis. Data regarding risk factors for ARDS development and outcomes from ARDS in patients with cirrhosis are scarce. We sought to characterize outcomes from ARDS in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsAn observational cohort of patients with cirrhosis admitted to an intensive care unit at a high‐volume liver transplant center between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014 were reviewed. ARDS cases were identified according to the Berlin definition. Potential risk factors were examined in multivariable logistic regression analysis for ARDS development. Outcomes including in‐hospital mortality were compared between ARDS and non‐ARDS patients.ResultsA total of 559 patients met the inclusion criteria and 45 (8.1%) developed ARDS. Differences between ARDS and non‐ARDS patients included sepsis, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease – Sodium score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. In‐hospital mortality was higher in cirrhotic patients with ARDS compared with those without ARDS (82.2% vs. 27.6%, P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (OR 8.69, 95% CI 2.28–33.18, P < 0.01) and shock on intensive care unit admission (OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.57–6.24, P = 0.001) were associated with ARDS development, whereas etiology of cirrhosis or alcohol use were not.ConclusionsAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure and shock on intensive care unit admission were risk factors for ARDS development, whereas etiology of cirrhosis and alcohol were not. Mortality from ARDS was markedly increased in patients with cirrhosis. Early recognition and treatment for infection might be important for improving the high mortality in this group of patients.
Highly effective free‐radical‐catalyzed curing of hyperbranched polycarbosilane for near stoichiometric SiC ceramics
Authors: Li Xu , Pei Xueliang , Zhong Xiqiang , Mo Gaoming , He Liu , Huang Zhengren , Huang Qing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLiquid hyperbranched polycarbosilane (LHBPCS) is an excellent preceramic polymer of SiC. Before thermolysis, curing of LHBPCS is favorable for higher ceramic yield and molding. In order to avoid some unfavorable factors arising from traditional thermal curing, we introduced a free‐radical initiator tert‐butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) to trigger the crosslinking of allyl group on LHBPCS in this study. FT‐IR, NMR and DSC measurements indicated only allyl group was consumed during the cross‐linking process. The cross‐linking reaction rate was monitored by a rotational rheometer, and results confirmed LHBPCS could be cured in 4 minutes with the help of 1 wt% TBPB at 80°C. TGA and SEM demonstrated the catalytic‐cured LHBPCS had a high ceramic yield of 79.0 wt% and dense structure. The effect of TBPB on crystallization behavior of the obtained SiC was also explored by XRD, and little impact was detected. After 1600°C thermolysis, a near stoichiometric and crystalline SiC with ceramic yield of 77.5 wt% was obtained.
Ho3+‐doped (K, Na)NbO3‐based multifunctional transparent ceramics with superior optical temperature sensing performance
Authors: Wu Xiao , Lin Jinfeng , Chen Pengfei , Liu Chunwen , Lin Mei , Lin Cong , Luo Laihui , Zheng Xinghua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHo3+‐doped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3‐based transparent ceramics have been prepared via pressureless solid‐state method. The ceramics possess moderate optical transparency with the energy band gap of ~2.9 eV and submicron‐sized grains (<500 nm). The temperature‐dependent dielectric properties and ferroelectric polarization‐electric field hysteresis loops demonstrate that the ceramics own relaxor‐like characteristics. The up‐conversion photoluminescence and optical temperature sensing properties of the ceramics have been investigated. The temperature dependence of photoluminescence provides a fluorescent method to detect phase transitions, which can be expanded to other ferroelectric systems. The outstanding optical temperature sensitivity (~0.0075/K at 430 K) of the ceramic is higher than many other rare‐earth‐doped ceramics or glasses. These results suggest that the Ho3+‐doped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3‐based transparent ceramics are promising lead‐free transparent materials for multifunctional applications, especially in temperature sensing devices.
Hepatocyte growth factor alleviates hepatic insulin resistance and lipid accumulation in high‐fat diet‐fed mice
Authors: Jing Yali , Sun Qingmin , Xiong Xiaolu , Meng Ran , Tang Sunyinyan , Cao Shu , Bi Yan , Zhu Dalong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus is frequently accompanied by fatty liver disease. Lipid accumulation within the liver is considered as one of the risk factors for insulin resistance. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is used to treat liver dysfunction; however, the effect and mechanism of HGF on hepatic lipid metabolism are still not fully understood.Materials and MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were induced with a high‐fat diet for 12 weeks, followed by a 4‐week treatment of HGF or vehicle saline. The levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were calculated for insulin sensitivity. Biochemical plasma parameters were also measured to assess the effect of HGF on lipid accumulation. Additionally, genes in the lipid metabolism pathway were evaluated in palmitic acid‐treated HepG2 cells and high‐fat diet mice.ResultsHGF treatment significantly decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol contents. Additionally, HGF‐regulated expression levels of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c/fatty acid synthase, peroxidase proliferator‐activated receptor‐α, and upstream nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor and small heterodimer partner. Furthermore, c‐Met inhibitor could partially reverse the effects of HGF.ConclusionsHGF treatment can ameliorate hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis through regulation of lipid metabolism. These effects might occur through farnesoid X receptor–small heterodimer partner axis‐dependent transcriptional activity.
Mohs micrographic surgery for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: comparison of frozen and paraffin techniques
Authors: Lee S.H. , Oh Y. , Nam K.A. , Oh B. , Roh M.R. , Chung K.Y. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundDue to the propensity for local recurrence, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has been suggested for the treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) and it has shown improved clinical outcomes. Recently, some authors suggested that MMS using paraffin‐embedded sections (paraffin MMS) is superior in DFSP treatment compared with the conventional frozen MMS method. However, there have been no studies comparing frozen and paraffin MMS for the treatment of DFSP.ObjectivesTo compare the outcomes between DFSP patients who underwent frozen MMS and paraffin MMS.MethodsSeventy‐one DFSP patients treated with frozen MMS (n = 30) or paraffin MMS (n = 41) from 2003 to 2017 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Recurrence rate and recurrence‐free survival between frozen and paraffin MMS were assessed.ResultsDuring the mean follow‐up duration of 25.4 months, four patients (frozen MMS, n = 1; and paraffin MMS, n = 3) showed recurrence after MMS. Although the local recurrence rate of the frozen MMS group (3.3%) was lower than that of the paraffin MMS group (7.3%), the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, recurrence‐free survival was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.168).ConclusionsFrozen MMS, which has the advantages of shorter surgery time and immediate closure, is as effective as paraffin MMS in the treatment of DFSP.
Patient and Public Involvement in Identifying Dementia Research Priorities
Authors: Bethell Jennifer , Pringle Dorothy , Chambers Larry W. , Cohen Carole , Commisso Elana , Cowan Katherine , Fehr Phyllis , Laupacis Andreas , Szeto Paula , McGilton Katherine S. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVESTo engage persons with dementia, friends, family, caregivers, and health and social care providers to identify and prioritize their questions for research related to living with dementia and prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of dementia.DESIGNThe Canadian Dementia Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) followed James Lind Alliance PSP methods. Results were compared with the World Health Organization research prioritization exercise and the United Kingdom Dementia PSP.SETTINGCanada.PARTICIPANTSIn the first survey, 1,217 individuals and groups from across Canada submitted their questions about dementia. 249 participated in the interim prioritization. For the final prioritization workshop, the 28 participants included persons with dementia, friends, family, caregivers, health and social care providers, Alzheimer Society representatives, and members of an organization representing long‐term care home residents.RESULTSThe Canadian Dementia PSP top 10 priorities relate to health, quality of life, societal issues, and dementia care. Five priorities overlap with one or both of the other two prioritization initiatives.CONCLUSIONThese results provide researchers and research funding agencies with topics that individuals with personal or professional experience of dementia prioritize, but they are not intended to preclude research into other aspects of dementia.
Whole exome sequencing approach to analysis of the origin of cancer stem cells in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Salazar‐García Lorena , Pérez‐Sayáns Mario , García‐García Abel , Carracedo Ángel , Cruz Raquel , Lozano Antonio , Sobrino Beatriz , Barros Francisco 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a global public health problem, which increases in prevalence every year. Evidence brings up that small populations of stem cells, the cancer stem cells (CSC), are responsible for tumour initiation, tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. These cells play a crucial role in cancer development and treatment response, but the origin of CSCs remains unclear. In this research, we have sequenced the entire exome of the three different groups of cells of primary squamous cell carcinoma tumour from different patients, with the aim to understand their main genetic changes and to elucidate the possible origin of tumour cells and tumour stem cells.Material and MethodsWe performed a whole exome sequencing in the germinal line, tumour cells, and CSC ALDH+ samples from four HNSCC patients. An analysis pipeline was used to filter, score, rank, and prioritize candidate variants according to its effect on protein structure and phylogenetic conservation using available information on pathways and protein function databases.ResultsResults showed variations in genes involved in oncogenic pathways and shed light on the evolution model of the CSC and tumour cells for each patient in which stem cells (CS) triggered the formation of CSC and these in turn become tumour cells.ConclusionsThese findings support the idea that it is possible to identify in each individual patient if the CS are of tumour origin or vice versa, thus being possible a more personalized treatment.