bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social defeat stress induces hyperalgesia and increases truncated BDNF isoforms in the nucleus accumbens regardless of the depressive‐like behavior induction in mice
Authors: Pagliusi Jr Marco Oreste Finocchio , Bonet Ivan José Magayewski , Dias Elayne Vieira , Vieira André Schwambach , Tambeli Claudia Herrera , Parada Carlos Amilcar , Sartori Cesar Renato 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown a close association between pain and depression. There is evidence showing this association as patients with depression show a high chronic pain prevalence and vice versa. Considering that social stress is critical for the development of depression in humans, we used a social defeat stress (SDS) model which induces depressive‐like behavior in mice. In this model, mice are exposed to an aggressor mouse for ten days, suffering brief periods of agonistic contact and long periods of sensory contact. Some mice display social avoidance, a depressive‐like behavior, and are considered susceptible, while some mice do not, and are considered resilient. Thus, we investigated the nociceptive behavior of mice submitted to SDS and the neuroplastic changes in dopaminergic mesolimbic system. Our results showed that the stressed mice (resilient and susceptible) presented a higher sensitivity to pain than the control mice in chemical and mechanical tests. We also verified that susceptible mice have higher Bdnf mRNA in the VTA compared to the resilient and control mice. The stressed mice had less mature BDNF and more truncated BDNF protein in the NAc compared with control mice. Although social stress may trigger the development of depression and hyperalgesia, these two conditions may manifest independently as social stress induced hyperalgesia even in mice that did not display depressive‐like behavior. Also, increased Bdnf in the VTA seems to be associated with depressive‐like behavior, whereas high levels of truncated BDNF and low mature BDNF appear to be associated with hyperalgesia induced by social defeat stress.
Positive externalities of CEO delta
Authors: Feng Hongrui , Jia Yuecheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIncreases in delta incentives are dramatic for a small group of firms (leader firms) but negligible for the majority. We show that leader firms have larger market capitalization and higher irreversibility, and are in industries with negative shocks. When leader firms experience substantial growth in delta incentives, industry peers experience positive abnormal returns and abnormal improvement in fundamentals despite no significant change in delta. Further, we provide evidence that abnormal returns are induced by peer CEOs’ extra efforts in response to the increasing competitive pressure caused by leader firms. To mitigate their competitive pressure and turnover threat, peer CEOs allocate their extra efforts to firms’ operating efficiency and product differentiation.
A microbial role in the construction of Mono Lake carbonate chimneys?
Authors: Brasier Alexander , Wacey David , Rogerson Mike , Guagliardo Paul , Saunders Martin , Kellner Siri , Mercedes‐Martin Ramon , Prior Tim , Taylor Colin , Matthews Anna , Reijmer John 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLacustrine carbonate chimneys are striking, metre‐scale constructions. If these were bioinfluenced constructions, they could be priority targets in the search for early and extraterrestrial microbial life. However, there are questions over whether such chimneys are built on a geobiological framework or are solely abiotic geomorphological features produced by mixing of lake and spring waters. Here, we use correlative microscopy to show that microbes were living around Pleistocene Mono Lake carbonate chimneys during their growth. A plausible interpretation, in line with some recent works by others on other lacustrine carbonates, is that benthic cyanobacteria and their associated extracellular organic material (EOM) formed tubular biofilms around rising sublacustrine spring vent waters, binding calcium ions and trapping and binding detrital silicate sediment. Decay of these biofilms would locally have increased calcium and carbonate ion activity, inducing calcite precipitation on and around the biofilms. Early manganese carbonate mineralisation was directly associated with cell walls, potentially related to microbial activity though the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. Much of the calcite crystal growth was likely abiotic, and no strong evidence for either authigenic silicate growth or a clay mineral precursor framework was observed. Nevertheless, it seems likely that the biofilms provided initial sites for calcite nucleation and encouraged the primary organised crystal growth. We suggest that the nano‐, micro‐ and macroscale fabrics of these Pleistocene Mono Lake chimneys were affected by the presence of centimetre‐thick tubular and vertically stacked calcifying microbial mats. Such carbonate chimneys represent a promising macroscale target in the exploration for ancient or extraterrestrial life.
Endotoxin levels after chemomechanical preparation of root canals with sodium hypochlorite or chlorhexidine: a systematic review of clinical trials and meta‐analysis
Authors: Neelakantan P. , Herrera D. R. , Pecorari V. G. A. , Gomes B. P. F. A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this systematic review was to answer the following question: in patients with primary endodontic infection, is there a statistically significant difference in the endotoxin levels after chemomechanical preparation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or chlorhexidine (CHX)?MethodologyA protocol was prepared and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017069996). Four electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMeb, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) were searched from their start dates to 1 March 2017 using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and reviewed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines. Only clinical trials (randomized and nonrandomized) that compared the effectiveness of NaOCl and CHX to reduce endotoxins during chemomechanical preparation of teeth with primary endodontic infection were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the quality using the risk of bias tool.ResultsFrom 712 articles that resulted from the initial search, 37 studies were included for full‐text appraisal; four studies met the inclusion criteria for quantitative synthesis. A single meta‐analysis was performed to compare the endotoxin levels before and after chemomechanical preparation with NaOCl or CHX. The forest plot of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels indicated that the data were heterogeneous [I2 = 63.9%; Tau2 = 574.5 (P = 0.04)]. The use of NaOCl and CHX during chemomechanical preparation significantly reduced the LPS levels compared to the initial ones.ConclusionsChemomechanical canal preparation with both NaOCl and CHX reduced the endotoxin levels compared to the initial ones found in primary endodontic infections. When NaOCl was used during chemomechanical preparation, endotoxins levels were lower than those obtained after chemomechanical preparation with CHX.
GOVERNMENT DEBT AND BANKING FRAGILITY: THE SPREADING OF STRATEGIC UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Cooper Russell , Nikolov Kalin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article studies the interaction of government debt and financial markets. This interaction, termed a “diabolic loop,” is driven by government choice to bail out banks and the resulting incentives for banks to hold government debt instead of self‐insure through equity buffers. We highlight the role of bank equity issuance in determining whether the “diabolic loop” is a Nash equilibrium of the interaction between banks and the government. When equity is issued, no diabolic loop exists. In equilibrium, banks' rational expectations of a bailout ensure that no equity is issued and the sovereign‐bank loop is operative.
Survival and Growth of Isolated Polyps of Galaxea fascicularis (Linnaeus 1767) on Six Kinds of Culture Substrates: Implications for Mariculture, Aquarium Culture, and Conservation
Authors: Pavia Richard Thomas B. , Estacion Janet S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCoral aquaculture is viewed as a sustainable method of providing colonies for use in the aquarium trade, pharmacological studies, and coral reef rehabilitation. The production of large, healthy specimens depends on providing conditions that mimic or surpass natural reef environments. Materials with a high degree of variability in physical and chemical properties are utilized as substrates in coral aquaculture, but until fragment–substrate interactions are isolated and independently studied, the possible inhibitory and facilitative effects of each material will remain unclear. To understand potential key roles that substrates can play in coral culture, a comparison was made about the role of various materials on fragment survival and growth. The experiment examined the interactions between isolates of a common scleractinian coral, Galaxea fascicularis, and six commonly used substrates (coral rock, terracotta, polyvinyl chloride, steel, rubber tire, and concrete) and how these affected survival and growth. No differences were observed in the survival, colony size, and polyp production of the resulting microcolonies. The results show that, for G. fascicularis, growth is not affected by substrate type. The results demonstrate the use of a wide variety of materials for the successful aquaculture of scleractinian corals.
Identifying a novel connection between the fungal plasma membrane and pH‐sensing
Authors: Brown Hannah E. , Ost Kyla S. , Esher Shannon K. , Pianalto Kaila M. , Saelens Joseph W. , Guan Ziqiang , Andrew Alspaugh J. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe mechanisms by which micro‐organisms sense and internalize extracellular pH signals are not completely understood. One example of a known external pH‐sensing process is the fungal‐specific Rim/Pal signal transduction pathway. Fungi, such as the opportunistic pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, use Rim signaling to sense and respond to changes in environmental pH. Mutations in this pathway result in strains that are attenuated for survival at alkaline pH, and often for survival within the host. Here, we used an insertional mutagenesis screen to identify novel genes required for C. neoformans growth at host pH. We discovered altered alkaline pH growth in several strains with specific defects in plasma membrane composition and maintenance of phospholipid assembly. Among these, loss of function of the Cdc50 lipid flippase regulatory subunit affected the temporal dynamics of Rim pathway activation. We defined distinct and overlapping cellular processes regulated by Rim101 and Cdc50 through analysis of the transcriptome in these mutant strains. We further explored how pH‐induced membrane changes affect membrane‐bound pH‐sensing proteins, specifically the C‐terminal domain of the Rra1 protein, an upstream Rim pathway activator and pH sensor. These results suggest both broadly applicable and phylum‐specific molecular interactions that drive microbial environmental sensing.
CozEa and CozEb play overlapping and essential roles in controlling cell division in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Stamsås Gro Anita , Myrbråten Ine Storaker , Straume Daniel , Salehian Zhian , Veening Jan‐Willem , Håvarstein Leiv Sigve , Kjos Morten 
Published: June 2018

SummaryStaphylococcus aureus needs to control the position and timing of cell division and cell wall synthesis to maintain its spherical shape. We identified two membrane proteins, named CozEa and CozEb, which together are important for proper cell division in S. aureus. CozEa and CozEb are homologs of the cell elongation regulator CozESpn of Streptococcus pneumoniae. While cozEa and cozEb were not essential individually, the ΔcozEaΔcozEb double mutant was lethal. To study the functions of cozEa and cozEb, we constructed a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system for S. aureus, allowing transcriptional knockdown of essential genes. CRISPRi knockdown of cozEa in the ΔcozEb strain (and vice versa) causes cell morphological defects and aberrant nucleoid staining, showing that cozEa and cozEb have overlapping functions and are important for normal cell division. We found that CozEa and CozEb interact with and possibly influence localization of the cell division protein EzrA. Furthermore, the CozE‐EzrA interaction is conserved in S. pneumoniae, and cell division is mislocalized in cozESpn‐depleted S. pneumoniae cells. Together, our results show that CozE proteins mediate control of cell division in S. aureus and S. pneumoniae, likely via interactions with key cell division proteins such as EzrA.
The lytic transglycosylase MltB connects membrane homeostasis and in vivo fitness of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Crépin Sébastien , Ottosen Elizabeth N. , Peters Katharina , Smith Sara N. , Himpsl Stephanie D. , Vollmer Waldemar , Mobley Harry L. T. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAcinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a leading nosocomial pathogen, infecting a wide range of anatomic sites including the respiratory tract and the bloodstream. In addition to being multi‐drug resistant, little is known about the molecular basis of A. baumannii pathogenesis. To better understand A. baumannii virulence, a combination of a transposon‐sequencing (TraDIS) screen and the neutropenic mouse model of bacteremia was used to identify the full set of fitness genes required during bloodstream infection. The lytic transglycosylase MltB was identified as a critical fitness factor. MltB cleaves the MurNAc‐GlcNAc bond of peptidoglycan, which leads to cell wall remodeling. Here we show that MltB is part of a complex network connecting resistance to stresses, membrane homeostasis, biogenesis of pili and in vivo fitness. Indeed, inactivation of mltB not only impaired resistance to serum complement, cationic antimicrobial peptides and oxygen species, but also altered the cell envelope integrity, activated the envelope stress response, drastically reduced the number of pili at the cell surface and finally, significantly decreased colonization of both the bloodstream and the respiratory tract.
Development and Pilot Test of a New Set of Good Practice Indicators for Chronic Nonmalignant Pain Management
Authors: Saturno Pedro Jesus , Ángel‐García Daniel , Martínez‐Nicolás Ismael , López Soriano Francisco , Escolar Reina Maria Pilar , Guerrero Díaz María Beatriz , Ros Martínez María Encarnación , Medina Mirapeix Francesc , Saturno Marcos Mayo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study was designed to address the current relative void of valid measures by developing evidence‐based quality indicators for pain management of chronic nonmalignant pain.MethodsWe performed a 10‐year literature search to identify guidelines and review articles on chronic pain management to identify evidence‐based recommendations for the different conditions associated to chronic pain. A complementary search of indicators and indicator‐related articles was also performed. Then, we built new indicators or adapted existing ones to cover all the evidence‐based recommendations we found. The resulting set was pilot tested for feasibility, reliability (kappa), and usefulness to identify quality problems, using the Lot Quality Acceptance method (α ≤ 0.05 and β ≤ 0.01) for 75% (40% threshold) and 95% (70% threshold) compliance standards, and estimates with binomial exact 95% confidence intervals. We reviewed clinical records from a primary care center, a medium‐size hospital (250 beds), and a large hospital (500 beds).ResultsForty‐six indicators were developed (6 general and 40 condition specific). Thirty‐three were feasible in primary care and/or hospitals. Feasible indicators were also reliable (most kappa > 0.7). Regarding compliance, 4 quality indicators obtained compliance levels over 60%, addressing pharmacological treatment, multimodal approach, and appropriate use of neuro‐image tests, while 16 obtained compliance scores under 15% (6 with 0% compliance).ConclusionsThe created set has tested to be feasible, reliable, and useful, with the capacity to serve as the baseline for developing the necessary strategies to improve the management of chronic nonmalignant pain, by monitoring and evaluating quality of care.
BRUSHY1/TONSOKU/MGOUN3 is required for heat stress memory
Authors: Brzezinka Krzysztof , Altmann Simone , Bäurle Isabel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPlants encounter biotic and abiotic stresses many times during their life cycle and this limits their productivity. Moderate heat stress (HS) primes a plant to survive higher temperatures that are lethal in the naïve state. Once temperature stress subsides, the memory of the priming event is actively retained for several days preparing the plant to better cope with recurring HS. Recently, chromatin regulation at different levels has been implicated in HS memory. Here, we report that the chromatin protein BRUSHY1 (BRU1)/TONSOKU/MGOUN3 plays a role in the HS memory in Arabidopsis thaliana. BRU1 is also involved in transcriptional gene silencing and DNA damage repair. This corresponds with the functions of its mammalian orthologue TONSOKU‐LIKE/NFΚBIL2. During HS memory, BRU1 is required to maintain sustained induction of HS memory‐associated genes, whereas it is dispensable for the acquisition of thermotolerance. In summary, we report that BRU1 is required for HS memory in A. thaliana, and propose a model where BRU1 mediates the epigenetic inheritance of chromatin states across DNA replication and cell division.
Successful induction of therapeutic urinary concentration by intravenous ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir with remission of adenoviral hemorrhagic cystitis after cord blood transplantation
Authors: Yanagisawa Toshimitsu , Saito Shoji , Katsuyama Yoshihiko , Hirabayashi Koichi , Shigemura Tomonari , Tanaka Miyuki , Sakashita Kazuo , Nakazawa Yozo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdV11‐HC is one of the major complications after allogeneic HSCT in Japan. We previously reported that the intravenous infusion of ganciclovir was effective against AdV11‐HC in a post‐transplant patient. We here report a case of a 10‐year‐old boy who underwent cord blood transplantation for the treatment of relapsed lymphoblastic lymphoma. He developed AdV11‐HC with an elevated AdV load in his urine and blood on day 14 after HSCT. He was immediately treated with intravenous ganciclovir; he rapidly achieved a remission of AdV11‐HC with a decreased AdV load in his urine and blood. He remained in remission of AdV11‐HC, even after we switched ganciclovir to oral valganciclovir on day 63. A pharmacokinetics study of his urine revealed that therapeutic concentrations of ganciclovir could be achieved by both intravenous ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir. These findings suggested that both intravenous ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir could be promising alternatives for the treatment of AdV11‐HC in post‐transplant patients.
Internal transport of CO2 from the root‐zone to plant shoot is pH dependent
Authors: Shimono Hiroyuki , Kondo Motohiko , Evans John R. 
Published: June 2018

We investigated the fate of carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbed by roots or internally produced by respiration using gas exchange and stable isotopic labeling. CO2 efflux from detached leaves supplied with bicarbonate/CO2 solutions was followed over six cycles. CO2 effluxes were detected when bicarbonate solution at high pH was used, corresponding to 71–85% of the expected efflux. No CO2 efflux was detected when CO2 solutions at low pH were used but CO2 efflux was subsequently detected as soon as bicarbonate solutions at high pH were supplied. By sealing the leaf and petiole in a plastic bag to reduce diffusion to the atmosphere, a small CO2 efflux signal (14–30% of the expected efflux) was detected suggesting that CO2 in the xylem stream can readily escape to the atmosphere before reaching the leaf. When the root‐zones of intact plants were exposed to CO2 solutions, a significant efflux from leaf surface was observed (13% of the expected efflux). However, no signal was detected when roots were exposed to a high pH bicarbonate solution. Isotopic tracer experiments confirmed that CO2 supplied to the root‐zone was transported through the plant and was readily lost to the atmosphere. However, little 13C moved to the shoot when roots were exposed to bicarbonate solutions at pH 8, suggesting that bicarbonate does not pass into the xylem.
Proteome of the periovulatory oviduct and uterus of goats as related to nutritional balance
Authors: Fernandes César Carneiro Linhares , Rodriguez‐Villamil Paula , Vasconcelos Fábio Roger , Nagano Celso Shiniti , Rossetto Rafael , Moura Arlindo de Alencar Araripe Noronha , Rondina Davide 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different feeding levels on the proteome of oviduct and uterus tissues of hormonally stimulated goats during the periovulatory period. Forty goats were separated into four different diet groups: Diet 1.0 M (n = 11), Diet 1.3 M (n = 10), Diet 1.6 M (n = 9), Diet 1.9 M (n = 10), fed with 1.0, 1.3, 1.6 and 1.9 times live weight maintenance, respectively. After four weeks of treatment, six hormonally stimulated females per treatment group were randomly selected for collection of uterine and the oviduct tissue samples. Samples were collected after animals were slaughtered in a commercial unit. Feeding goats with 1.3 to 1.9 times more nutrients than a control group directly influenced the proteome of the oviduct and uterus, altering the expression of proteins that participate in biological processes such as apoptosis, antioxidant, and immunological activities. These events are crucial for fertilization and early embryonic survival. Expression of oviduct proteins such as Tubulin Beta 2B, Transferrin and Disulphide‐isomerase A3 increased in the 1.9 M group in relation to the other feeding levels. Disulphide‐isomerase A4 showed higher expression in the 1.0 M group compared to diets with higher energetic levels. As energy intake increased in the diets, there was higher expression of Alpha‐1‐antitrypsin and downregulation of Profilin‐1 in the uterus of the goats. In conclusion, this study showed that specific proteins of the goat oviduct and uterus expressed during the periovulatory period are modified as the result of nutritional balance.