bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Protocol Implementation on Rationalization of Albumin Use in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Ebrahimpour Sholeh , Nosrati Marzieh , Mohammadi Mehdi , Kamyab Haniyeh , Sarayani Amir , Mahmoodzadeh Habibollah , Jahangard-Rafsanjani Zahra , Gholami Kheirollah 
Published: December 2018

Objective:
With respect to the high cost and limited availability of albumin, its use must be restricted to indications strongly supported by solid scientific evidence. It was anticipated that with the implementation of the National Health Reform Plan (NHRP), the consumption of albumin would increase as the result of decreasing patients' out-of-pocket costs. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of protocol implementation on the rationalization of albumin use in surgery wards of Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran.

Methods:
This pre-post interventional study was conducted in 32-month phases from January to November 2014 in an Iranian University hospital. The first phase was before the implementation of NHRP, the second phase was after NHRP, and the last one was after the intervention. The first and second phases were conducted retrospectively. Data extraction was performed by a hospital pharmacist. During the third phase, the physicians were mandated to adhere to a local albumin protocol which had been prepared by clinical pharmacy service and approved by drug and therapeutic committee. Appropriateness of prescriptions regarding indication, dose, and duration based on local guideline was compared among groups.

Findings:
Although hospital bed-days of care remained consistent among phases, albumin was prescribed for 40, 45, and 8 patients during first, second, and third phases, respectively. This shows about 80% reduction of drug prescriptions in the last phase. The mean duration/dose of albumin in inappropriate indications reduced significantly from 11.3 ± 8.2 days/24.7 ± 21.2 vials in the second phase to 2.6 ± 1.7 days/5.6 ± 3.5 vials in the third phase, respectively (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
Interactive collaboration through guideline implementation seems effective in rationalizing the use of high-cost medications such as albumin.
Predicting Factors for the Pattern of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Utilization in a Middle Eastern University Hospital
Authors: Fakhari Zeinab , Farsaei Shadi , Sabzghabaee Ali Mohammad 
Published: December 2018

Objective:
The dramatic increase in the consumption of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products in nonapproved indications, its high cost, and the severe shortage has developed the concerns of its irrational utilization, especially in the Middle East countries. Therefore, this clinical study attempts to describe the pattern of IVIG administration in one of the largest hospitals in Iran and find the variables associated with inappropriate IVIG utilization.

Methods:
This cross-sectional medication utilization study was conducted in one of the largest referral hospitals in Iran. Random IVIG administrations were assessed from different wards for 9 months. Different data were collected to evaluate the pattern of IVIG administration and find variables, which could predict this behavior.

Findings:
IVIG was prescribed for approved indications in 72% of 201 patients recruited in our study. Although, the rate of drug administration was appropriate in most of the study population, hydration and pre-medication were unsuitable in more than one-third of the patients. Among the variables analyzed to find the factors affecting the misuse of IVIG, female gender, older age of patients, and longer time to start IVIG administration due to hospital admission were statistically significant in the multivariate model.

Conclusion:
Despite the fact that inappropriate use of IVIG was confirmed in less than 30 % of its utilization for the studied patients, it caused a potential risk of treatment complications and a notable and unjustifiable burden of unnecessary costs for this University hospital.
Regionalne in razvojne značilnosti obmejnega območja avstrijske štajerske
Authors: Zsilincsar Walter 
Published: December 2018

Obravnavano območje je zaradi obmejnega položaja eno najmanj razvitih v Avstriji, kar prikazuje analiza demografskega razvoja in podrobnega vprašalnika o gospodarskih in drugih pogojih življenja v tem prostoru.
Prometno geografski vidiki nove državne meje
Authors: Černe Andrej , Pelc Stanko 
Published: December 2018

Prikazane so osnovne prometno geografske značilnosti meja Slovenije in najnovejše spremembe v obsegu, prostorski usmeritvi in strukturi prometnih tokov med leti 1985-1992 na magistralnih in regionalnih cestah ter izbranih mejnih prehodih na slovensko-hrvaški meji.
Etnološka topografija slovenskega etničnega ozemlja - 20. stoletje in geografija
Authors: Natek Milan 
Published: December 2018

V zadnjih desetletjih si tudi slovenska etnologija s številnimi in vsebinsko raznovrstnimi raziskavami utira nova pota. Z novo opredelitvijo predmeta preučevanja se vedno bolj prebija v ospredje in uveljavlja prepričanje, da je etnologija ena izmed specializiranih zgodovinskih znanosti. Osrednji predmet etnološkega preučevanja je raziskovanje načina življenja na ravni sodobnosti tistih krajevnih, socialnih, poklicnih in drugih skupnosti (in ne samo kmečkih slojev, kakor je v glavnem prevladovalo do nedavnega), ki so značilne za posamično etnično skupino v različnih (zgodovinsko-gospodarskih) obdobjih. Odkrivanje in spoznavanje medsebojnih zvez in razločkov v vsakdanjem življenju, in sicer z različnimi poudarki na posamičnih obdobjih, je neločljivo povezano s slovensko etnološko mislijo skoraj v njenem celotnem nepretrganem razvoju od razsvetljenstva do danes (Kremenšek, 1978, 14 - 17; 1985, 227 - 228).
Hribovske kmetije v pokrajinski strukturi Mežiške doline
Authors: Natek Milan 
Published: December 2018

Na osnovi zbranega gradiva za 430 hribovskih kmetij so prikazani nadmorska višina kmečkih domov, višine in strmina obdelovalne zemlje. Podana je velikost kmetij in razčlenjene so osnovne sestavine prebivalstva.
Raziskovalno delo Kulturnogeografskega inštituta Univerze J. W. Goethe v Frankfurtu na Maini ob koncu osemdesetih let
Authors: Wolf Klaus 
Published: December 2018

V prikazu raziskovalnega dela Inštituta so izpostavljena področja turizma, prebivalstvenega razvoja in suburbanizacije z vsemi spremljajočimi ekonomskimi in neekonomskimi pojavi.
Širitev Evropske gospodarske skupnosti proti jugu in s tem povezane spremembe v sestavi prebivalstva
Authors: Schymik Franz 
Published: December 2018

Prispevek prikazuje regionalne razlike v gospodarski in zlasti prebivalstveni sestavi med državami Evropske gospodarske skupnosti. Posebej so izpostavljene posledice vključitve Portugalske in Španije ter regionalno- razvojne razlike znotraj teh dveh članic.
Nacionalni park Visoke Ture - problemi urejanja prostora v Alpah
Authors: Seger Martin 
Published: December 2018

Pri uresničitvi predvidenega Narodnega parka Visoke Ture v Avstriji so se pojavljale nekatere težave. Posebno spremembe v izrabi zemlje kažejo na različne probleme v regionalnem planiranju v alpskem prostoru. Razumevanje termina narodni park je pomembna osnova za zakonsko zaščito pokrajine.
Problem zaposlovanja mladih v obrobnih območjih kot predmet razmišljanja o spremembi regionalnih razvojnih shem - na primeru severne Bavarske
Authors: Weber Jürgen 
Published: December 2018

Regionalna politika naj bi težila k odpravljanju regionalnih razlik, ki se kažejo v negativnem razvoju prebivalstva, neugodni infrastrukturi, pomanjkanju ustreznih delovnih mest in v pogojih izobraževanja. V razpravi so predlagani ukrepi za odpravo razvojnih razlik.
Ob 70-letnici poučevanja in raziskovanja geografije na ljubljanski univerzi
Authors: Plut Dušan 
Published: December 2018

Oddelek za geografijo je na ljubljanski univerzi od njene ustanovitve. Predstavlja slovensko matično geografsko ustanovo, ki opravlja pedagoško in znanstveno-raziskovalno vlogo. V bodoče bo ena izmed osrednjih nalog uskladiti specializacijo in geografsko sintezo.
Družbenogospodarski prehod v Sloveniji
Authors: Klemenčič Marijan M. 
Published: December 2018

Avtor obravnava povojne spremembe v sestavi aktivnega prebivalstva v Sloveniji v luči sektorske teorije. Ugotavlja, da slovenska družba doživlja pretirano industrializacijo. Najvišja stopnja družbenogospodarskega razvoja se je z industrijskega polmeseca premaknila na ljubljansko in primorsko območje.
Didaktika geografije včeraj, danes in jutri
Authors: Kunaver Jurij 
Published: December 2018

Zavest o potrebi po strokovnem izobraževanju učiteljev geografije iz didaktike geografije v lastnem, slovenskem jeziku, je stara okrog sto let in ima bolj ali manj nepretrgano kontinuiteto do danes. Avtor ugotavlja, da se mora teoretična in aplikativna didaktika danes še bolj nasloniti na raziskovalno delo in na najboljše tuje dosežke ter s tem hitreje slediti trendom, ki so uspešni drugod.
Bližnja srečanja" z geografskimi informacijskimi sistemi"
Authors: Ivačič Matjaž 
Published: December 2018

Prikazana je dejavnost Inštituta za geodezijo in fotogrametrijo na področju geografskih informacijskih sistemov, zajemanje dvo- in trodimenzionalnih prostorskih podatkov, projekt hidrografske podatkovne baze in obdelava nekaterih statističnih podatkov.
Prototipni modeli v sistemu geoinformacijske infrastrukture
Authors: Hribar Matjaž 
Published: December 2018

Vsebina je razdeljena v štiri dele: 1. Kratko so predstavljene teoretične osnove s področja GIS (velika količina podatkov, kompatibilnost podatkov, informacijski standardi, definicija GIS, itd.). 2. Opisani so razlogi za pristop k izdelavi prototipnih modelov geoinformacijske infrastrukture (GI). 3. Predstavljeni so prototipni modeli v sistemu geoinformacijske infrastrukture (zemljiški kataster, kataster zgradb, relief). 4. Opisano je nadaljevanje projektov.
Baza digitalnih podatkov reliefa - nove možnosti 3D modeliranja reliefa
Authors: Rihtaršič Mateja 
Published: December 2018

Tudi na področje digitalnega modeliranja reliefa so GIS prinesli vrsto sprememb. Sodobni DMR morajo biti zgrajeni v obliki pravih relacijskih podatkovnih baz z visoko stopnjo "inteligence". V članku so predstavljene osnovne zahteve, ki jih morajo izpolnjevati takšne podatkovne baze, skupaj z osnovnimi koraki, ki so potrebni za njihovo vzpostavitev. Izpostavljeni so problemi, vezani na regionalni nivo, večnamensko uporabo, nove možnosti in neposredno združitev v GIS. Na osnovi praktičnega modela, ki je bil vzpostavljen preko manjšega testnega območja, so podane tudi nekatere praktične izkušnje.
Concentrations and radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols from 1750 to 2014 simulated with the Oslo CTM3 and CEDS emission inventory
Authors: Lund Marianne Tronstad , Myhre Gunnar , Haslerud Amund Søvde , Skeie Ragnhild Bieltvedt , Griesfeller Jan , Platt Stephen Matthew , Kumar Rajesh , Myhre Cathrine Lund , Schulz Michael 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We document the ability of the new-generation Oslo
chemistry-transport model, Oslo CTM3, to accurately simulate present-day
aerosol distributions. The model is then used with the new Community Emission
Data System (CEDS) historical emission inventory to provide updated time
series of anthropogenic aerosol concentrations and consequent direct
radiative forcing (RFari) from 1750 to 2014. Overall, Oslo CTM3 performs well compared with measurements of surface
concentrations and remotely sensed aerosol optical depth. Concentrations are
underestimated in Asia, but the higher emissions in CEDS than previous
inventories result in improvements compared to observations. The treatment
of black carbon (BC) scavenging in Oslo CTM3 gives better agreement with
observed vertical BC profiles relative to the predecessor Oslo CTM2. However,
Arctic wintertime BC concentrations remain underestimated, and a range of
sensitivity tests indicate that better physical understanding of processes
associated with atmospheric BC processing is required to simultaneously
reproduce both the observed features. Uncertainties in model input data,
resolution, and scavenging affect the distribution of all aerosols species,
especially at high latitudes and altitudes. However, we find no evidence of
consistently better model performance across all observables and regions in
the sensitivity tests than in the baseline configuration. Using CEDS, we estimate a net RFari in 2014 relative to 1750 of
−0.17 W m−2, significantly weaker than the IPCC AR5 2011–1750
estimate. Differences are attributable to several factors, including stronger
absorption by organic aerosol, updated parameterization of BC absorption, and
reduced sulfate cooling. The trend towards a weaker RFari over recent years
is more pronounced than in the IPCC AR5, illustrating the importance of
capturing recent regional emission changes.
Climate change vs. socio-economic development: understanding the future South Asian water gap
Authors: Wijngaard René Reijer , Biemans Hester , Lutz Arthur Friedrich , Shrestha Arun Bhakta , Wester Philippus , Immerzeel Walter Willem 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra (IGB) river basins provide about 900 million
people with water resources used for agricultural, domestic, and industrial
purposes. These river basins are marked as “climate change hotspots”, where
climate change is expected to affect monsoon dynamics and the amount of
meltwater from snow and ice, and thus the amount of water available.
Simultaneously, rapid and continuous population growth as well as strong
economic development will likely result in a rapid increase in water demand.
Since quantification of these future trends is missing, it is rather
uncertain how the future South Asian water gap will develop. To this end, we
assess the combined impacts of climate change and socio-economic development
on the future “blue” water gap in the IGB until the end of the 21st
century. We apply a coupled modelling approach consisting of the distributed
cryospheric–hydrological model SPHY, which simulates current and future
upstream water supply, and the hydrology and crop production model LPJmL,
which simulates current and future downstream water supply and demand. We
force the coupled models with an ensemble of eight representative downscaled
general circulation models (GCMs) that are selected from the RCP4.5 and
RCP8.5 scenarios, and a set of land use and socio-economic scenarios that are
consistent with the shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) marker scenarios 1
and 3. The simulation outputs are used to analyse changes in the water
availability, supply, demand, and gap. The outcomes show an increase in
surface water availability towards the end of the 21st century, which can
mainly be attributed to increases in monsoon precipitation. However, despite
the increase in surface water availability, the strong socio-economic
development and associated increase in water demand will likely lead to an
increase in the water gap during the 21st century. This indicates that
socio-economic development is the key driver in the evolution of the future
South Asian water gap. The transgression of future environmental flows will
likely be limited, with sustained environmental flow requirements during the
monsoon season and unmet environmental flow requirements during the low-flow
season in the Indus and Ganges river basins.
First semester academic performance: The importance of early indicators of non-engagement
Authors: Van der Meer Jacques , Scott Stephen , Pratt Keryn 
Published: December 2018

Success, progression and retention of students are goals of many university strategic directions and policies. For many decades it has been recognised that the greatest focus in any retention strategy should be on first-year students. University of Otago too has goals around student success. The Strategic Plan of the institution also identified that in the context of a fiscally constrained environment, all of our activities and processes need to be assessed for efficiency and effectiveness. To this end, a pilot was undertaken in one area of the university to identify possible indicators of first-year students’ non-engagement in the first semester and their possible impact on the first semester academic performance. The findings suggest that there are indeed some indicators that predict Grade Point Average at the end of the first semester.
Generic and action-dependent abilities in Spanish ‘Be capable’
Authors: Castroviejo Elena , Oltra-Massuet Isabel 
Published: December 2018

This paper is concerned with the semantics of Spanish ser capaz ‘be capable’ (henceforth SC). Specifically, it aims to account for the distribution SC displays and the range of meanings it expresses in the realm of abilities, viewed as kinds of dispositions. We put forth the following generalization: Whenever imperfective aspect interacts with SC, two possible readings arise, one that is purely abilitative and another one that expresses an accidental or unpredictable state of affairs. Our claim is that both interpretations derive from a circumstantial modal base that includes the subject’s inner circumstances, albeit with a different ordering source that is brought about via the interaction of imperfective aspect and the syntax-semantics of the modal. Thus, we propose that the purely abilitative SC contains an ordering source that ranks as better worlds those in which the subject appeals to her strength of the body, intellect or character; the accidental reading is the result of covert movement of the adjective capaz ‘capable’ over the imperfective-bearing copula ser ‘be’, which triggers a change of ordering source in the modal.
Metodologias ativas e tecnologias digitais na formação do professor de computação
Authors: Caron Cambraia Adão , Pagani Benvenutti Leonardo Matheus 
Published: December 2018

Neste texto, apresentamos um relato de experiência da disciplina Metodologia do Ensino da Computação II, desenvolvida no curso de licenciatura em Computação do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Campus Santo Augusto. A proposta é apresentar conceitos como: projetos, ensino híbrido, salas de aula invertidas como potenciais a práticas inovadoras na licenciatura e nas escolas de educação básica. Destacamos conceitos de metodologias ativas aliadas com as tecnologias digitais e analisamos as atividades desenvolvidas na disciplina e a importância da articulação de conhecimentos tecnológicos, pedagógicos e de conteúdo para concretizar a presença de uma cultura digital na educação. Aliamos o planejamento de projetos com tecnologias como forma de estudo e envolvimento profissional na educação, o que proporciona o entendimento de que não basta a incorporação de tecnologias na educação de forma descontextualizada, sendo fundamental um planejamento coletivona comunidade escolar.
A metodologia Dicumba como uma tempestade de possibilidades para o desenvolvimento do ensino de Química
Authors: Bedin Everton , Del Pino José Claudio 
Published: December 2018

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma atividade investigativa realizada por meio do aprender pela pesquisa à luz da metodologia de ensino denominada Dicumba, proporcionando ao aluno a conexão de sua vivência com os saberes do conteúdo da ciência química e ao professor a percepção da necessidade de uma formação continuada para aperfeiçoar seu saber intradisciplinar. A pesquisa se enquadra em um viés qualitativo-quantitativo e foi desenvolvida, durante três meses, com uma turma de segundo ano do ensino médio. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da observação participante e da aplicação de um questionário estruturado. Os dados coletados foram interpretados à luz da análise de conteúdos de Bardin e apresentados por meio de quadros e gráficos. Ao término, conclui-se que a metodologia Dicumba é fiel quanto ao desenvolvimento de atividades pedagógicas que levam os alunos à aprendizagem, pois estes colocam-na como algo inovador, sendo uma ação de aprimorar e ressignificar saberes de forma universal-bilateral. Por fim, sugere-se que o aprender pela pesquisa seja, urgentemente, incorporado nas práticas pedagógicas, buscando a formação do sujeito e a estruturação curricular a partir do contexto e da vivência do aluno, para, então, construir conhecimentos científicos relacionados à ciência química.
Nurse leaders’ perceptions of the impact of their participation in a reflective practice program
Authors: Lavoie-Tremblay Mélanie , Cyr Guylaine , Primeau Gilbert , Aube Thalia 
Published: December 2018

Since 2003, a university healthcare centre in Quebec (Canada) has offered its nursing leaders access to a long-term professional development program focusing on skills in Reflective Practice (RP). This program is based on teaching nursing leaders to interpret and reframe difficult, emotionally-charged situations they encounter on a regular basis, so they can improve their interpersonal interactions with their colleagues, patients, and patients’ families. This article describes the results of a qualitative study conducted in 2018 with 18 nursing leaders who participated for at least three years in the RP program. Participants were asked to describe their understanding of the RP approach, key learnings from the program, and parts of the training they found most valuable. They were also asked to define or share the program’s impact on their professional practice and leadership skills. It was found that the participants view RP as a useful tool for understanding and improving their interactions with others, and that it had led to concrete improvements in their interpersonal and leadership skills. Several of the positive changes described by participants are rarely described in other studies about the use of RP as a professional development tool in a clinical nursing setting. The results suggest that when nurse leaders have participated for several years in an RP program, they experience different benefits than front-line staff with less long-term participation.
Análise espacial dos ventos no Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara, Maranhão
Authors: Couto Vinicius Milanez , Fisch Gilberto 
Published: December 2018

The wind at the Alcântara Launch Center (ALC), which presents as main characteristics an oceanic behavior, influenced by the trade winds and the sea breeze, and modified by the ocean-continent interface and local topography. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the site flow, highlighting the influence of the surface boundary layer and the validity of the surface flow homogeneity. In this study will be used the data of two anemometric towers installed in the ALC to evaluate spatial differences in the characteristics of the average wind and its daily cycle. For comparison, data from the ERA5 reanalysis, the fifth generation created by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The results show that the anemometric towers present, on average, similar characteristics and that the data from the reanalysis can be used for studies of mesoscale atmospheric phenomena that occur on the surface.
Avaliação do desempenho do Modelo WRF para prognóstico do vento na Região Central de Alagoas – Craíbas
Authors: Silva Silvania Maria Santos da , Lyra Roberto Fernando da Fonseca , Silva Júnior Rosiberto Salustiano da , Cruz Nareida Simone Delgado da , Silva Sâmara Dos Santos 
Published: December 2018

The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of the WRF model for estimate wind speed in the central region of Alagoas State (Brazil). The wind velocity (WRF outputs) were compared with anemometric data of the PVPN projetc (Previsão do Vento em Parques Eólicos no Nordeste Brasileiro “Wind forecast for wind farms in the Brazilian Northeast”), from January to December 2014. The results showed that the WRF model estimated very well the monthly and daily wind speed averages. Deviations are greater in the dry season. Throughout the year the mean difference (WRF-OBS) was only 0.23 m.s-1 (6.14 m.s-1 versus 5.91 m.s-1), showing that this model is a good tool for forecasting wind for wind farms.