bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Niches and climate-change refugia in hundreds of species from one of the most arid places on Earth
Authors: Duarte Milen , Guerrero Pablo C. , Arroyo Mary T.K. , Bustamante Ramiro O. 
Published: September 2019

Background and AimsGlobal climate change is a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. Several arid areas might expand in the future, but it is not clear if this change would be positive or negative for arid-adapted lineages. Here, we explore whether climatic niche properties are involved in the configuration of climate refugia and thus in future species trends.MethodsTo estimate putative climate refugia and potential expansion areas, we used maximum entropy models and four climate-change models to generate current and future potential distributions of 142 plant species endemic to the Atacama and mediterranean Chilean ecosystems. We assessed the relationship between the similarity and breadth of thermal and precipitation niches with the size of climate refugia and areas of potential expansions.Key ResultsWe found a positive relationship between breadth and similarity for thermal niche with the size of climate refugia, but only niche similarity of the thermal niche was positively related with the size of expansion areas. Although all lineages would reduce their distributions in the future, few species are predicted to be at risk of extinction in their current distribution, and all of them presented potential expansion areas.ConclusionSpecies with a broad niche and niche dissimilarity will have larger refugia, and species with niche dissimilarity will have larger expansion areas. In addition, our prediction for arid lineages shows that these species will be moderately affected by climate change.
Mental practice in isolation improves cervical joint position sense in patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized single-blind placebo trial
Authors: Cuenca-Martínez Ferran , La Touche Roy , León-Hernández Jose Vicente , Suso-Martí Luis 
Published: September 2019

Objective
The main objective of this trial was to assess whether action observation (AO) training and motor imagery (MI) produced changes in the cervical joint position sense (CJPS) both at the end of the intervention and 10 min postintervention compared with a placebo intervention in patients with nonspecific chronic neck pain (NSCNP).

Methods
A single-blind placebo clinical trial was designed. A total of 30 patients with NSCNP were randomly assigned to the AO group, MI group or placebo observation (PO) group. CJPS in flexion, extension and rotation movements in both planes were the main variables.

Results
The results obtained in the vertical plane showed that the AO group obtained greater improvements than the PO group in the CJPS in terms of cervical extension movement both at the end of the intervention and 10 min postintervention (p = .001, d = 1.81 and p = .004, d = 1.74, respectively), and also in cervical flexion movement, although only at 10 min after the intervention (p = .035, d = 0.72). In addition, the AO group obtained greater improvements than the MI group in the CJPS only at the end of the intervention in cervical extension movement (p = .041, d = 1.17). Regarding the left rotation cervical movement, both the MI and AO groups were superior to the PO group in both planes at the end of the intervention (p < .05, d > 0.80).

Conclusions
Although both AO and MI could be a useful strategy for CJPS improvement, the AO group showed the strongest results. The therapeutic potential of the application of mental practice in a clinical context in the early stages of rehabilitation of NSCNP should be considered.
11C‐PK11195 PET imaging and white matter changes in Parkinson’s disease dementia
Authors: Nicastro Nicolas , Surendranathan Ajenthan , Mak Elijah , Rowe James B. , O’Brien John T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere is evidence of increased microglial activation in Parkinson’s disease (PD) as shown by in vivo PET ligand such as 11C‐PK11195. In addition, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) imaging reveals widespread changes in PD, especially when the associated dementia develops. In the present case series, we studied five subjects with Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). Our findings suggest that while DTI metrics mirror cognitive severity, higher 11C‐PK11195 binding seems to be associated with a relative preservation of both white matter tracts and cognition. Longitudinal studies are warranted to tackle the complex relationship between microglial activation and structural abnormalities in neurodegenerative conditions.
Thermal Transport in Conductive Polymer–Based Materials
Authors: Xu Xiangfan , Zhou Jun , Chen Jie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe demand for flexible conductive materials has motivated many recent studies on conductive polymer–based materials. However, the thermal conductivity of conductive polymers is relatively low, which may lead to serious heat dissipation problems for device applications. This review provides a summary of the fundamental principles for thermal transport in conductive polymers and their composites, and recent advancements in regulating their thermal conductivity. The thermal transport mechanisms in conductive polymer–based materials and up‐to‐date experimental approaches for measuring thermal conductivity are first summarized. Effective approaches for the regulation of thermal conductivity are then discussed. Finally, thermal‐related applications and future perspectives are given for conductive polymers and their composites.
Stretchable, Patch‐Type Calorie‐Expenditure Measurement Device Based on Pop‐Up Shaped Nanoscale Crack‐Based Sensor
Authors: Kwon Ki Yoon , Shin Yiel Jae , Shin Joo Hwan , Jeong Chanho , Jung Yei Hwan , Park Byeonghak , Kim Tae‐il 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDemands for precise health information tracking techniques are increasing, especially for daily dietry requirements to prevent obesity, diabetes, etc. Many commercially available sensors that detect dynamic motions of the body lack accuracy, while novel strain sensors at the research level mostly lack the capability to analyze measurements in real life conditions. Here, a stretchable, patch‐type calorie expenditure measurement system is demonstrated that integrates an ultrasensitive crack‐based strain sensor and Bluetooth‐enabled wireless communication circuit to offer both accurate measurements and practical diagnosis of motion. The crack‐based strain gauge transformed into a pop‐up‐shaped structure provides reliable measurements and broad range of strain (≈100%). Combined with the stretchable analysis circuit, the skin attachable tool translates variation of the knee flexion angle into calorie expenditure amount, using relative resistance change (R/R0) data from the flexible sensor. As signals from the knee joint angular movement translates velocity and walking/running behavior, the total amount of calorie expenditure is accurately analyzed. Finally, theoretical, experimental, and simulation analysis of signal stability, dynamic noises, and calorie expenditure calculation obtained from the device during exercise are demonstrated. For further applications, the devices are expected to be used in broader range of dynamic motion of the body for diagnosis of abnormalities and for rehabilitation.
Dandelion‐Like Tailorable Nanoparticles for Tumor Microenvironment Modulation
Authors: Guo Qin , He Xi , Li Chao , He Yongqing , Peng Yiying , Zhang Yu , Lu Yifei , Chen Xinli , Zhang Yujie , Chen Qinjun , Sun Tao , Jiang Chen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute over 50% of the number of cells within the tumor, playing a major role in tumor progression and invasion. Remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment by modulating TAM polarization has been emerging as a new and promising therapeutic strategy. However, the high interstitial fluid pressure and dense extracellular matrix lead to insufficient penetration of nanosized therapies. To overcome this dilemma, an acid‐triggered size‐changeable nanoparticle (aptamer/acid sensitive linker crosslinked DGL/zoledronic acid, i.e., Apt@(DGL‐ZA)n NPs) with effective tumor distribution, extravasation, and penetration is designed. Dendrigraft poly‐L‐lysines (DGLs) which can induce tumor autophagy as mimics of natural abnormal proteins are crosslinked via a mild‐acid‐responsive linker (1,6‐bis(4‐formylbenzoyloxy) hexane). Long circulation property and tumor penetration are achieved simultaneously by catching DGLs in neutral pH while releasing them in the tumor's pH, like dandelion seeds in midair. The macrophage conditioning agent zoledronic acid (ZA) is loaded on DGLs by the charge attraction. A Tenascin‐C targeting aptamer (GBI‐10) is modified onto (DGL‐ZA)n NPs for a tumor‐homing effect. Apt@(DGL‐ZA)n NPs show both enhanced penetration in in vitro 3D triple negative breast cancer spheroids and in vivo tumor tissues. Effective macrophage regulation, enhanced tumor autophagy, and excellent in vivo antitumor efficacy are achieved, suggesting this tactic as a significant antitumor strategy.
Digit ratio and hand grip strength are associated with male competition outcomes: A study among traditional populations of the Yali and Hadza
Authors: Misiak Michał , Butovskaya Marina , Oleszkiewicz Anna , Sorokowski Piotr 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesIndirect measures of physiological features, such as digit ratio and hand grip strength (HGS), are associated with the outcome of male competition activities. However, most of the studies were conducted in developed and industrialized societies. We tested the hypothesis that both digit ratio and HGS are associated with performance in male‐specific activities in two traditional preindustrial societies: Yali and Hadza.MethodsTo measure masculine behavioral traits, we determined warriorship status (Yali; n = 49) and assessed hunting skills (Yali n = 47 and Hadza n = 49). We also assessed the digit ratio and HGS of each male. We conducted our analyses using the Bayesian approach.ResultsBayesian regression models indicated that greater hand grip strength is associated with better hunting outcomes among Hadza males. We did not find a similar link for the Yali. We found anecdotal evidence for the link between left hand digit ratio and the number of birds hunted by Hadza. We found no evidence for the link between digit ratio and performance in male‐male competition.ConclusionsOur results suggest that male‐male competition outcomes are determined by upper body strength, but only in the Hadza population. We also found limited support for the hypothesis that digit ratio is associated with hunting success among the Hadza. We found no support for the hypothesis concerning the digit ratio or HGS among the Yali. Our research provides partial support for the evolutionary hypotheses based on studies conducted in industrialized populations.
Neuronal Circuit Activity during Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Seizures in Mice
Authors: Burnsed Jennifer , Skwarzyńska Daria , Wagley Pravin K. , Isbell Laura , Kapur Jaideep 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo identify circuits active during neonatal hypoxic–ischemic (HI) seizures and seizure propagation using electroencephalography (EEG), behavior, and whole‐brain neuronal activity mapping.MethodsMice were exposed to HI on postnatal day 10 using unilateral carotid ligation and global hypoxia. EEG and video were recorded for the duration of the experiment. Using immediate early gene reporter mice, active cells expressing cfos were permanently tagged with reporter protein tdTomato during a 90‐minute window. After 1 week, allowing maximal expression of the reporter protein, whole brains were processed, lipid cleared, and imaged with confocal microscopy. Whole‐brain reconstruction and analysis of active neurons (colocalized tdTomato/NeuN) were performed.ResultsHI resulted in seizure behaviors that were bilateral or unilateral tonic–clonic and nonconvulsive in this model. Mice exhibited characteristic EEG background patterns such as burst suppression and suppression. Neuronal activity mapping revealed bilateral motor cortex and unilateral, ischemic somatosensory cortex, lateral thalamus, and hippocampal circuit activation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed regional differences in myelination, which coincide with these activity patterns. Astrocytes and blood vessel endothelial cells also expressed cfos during HI.InterpretationUsing a combination of EEG, seizure semiology analysis, and whole‐brain neuronal activity mapping, we suggest that this rodent model of neonatal HI results in EEG patterns similar to those observed in human neonates. Activation patterns revealed in this study help explain complex seizure behaviors and EEG patterns observed in neonatal HI injury. This pattern may be, in part, secondary to regional differences in development in the neonatal brain. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:927–938
Cellulose‐Derived Functional Polyacetal by Cationic Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Levoglucosenyl Methyl Ether
Authors: Debsharma Tapas , Yagci Yusuf , Schlaad Helmut 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe unsaturated bicyclic acetal levoglucosenyl methyl ether was readily obtained from sustainable feedstock (cellulose) and polymerized by cationic ring‐opening polymerization to produce a semicrystalline thermoplastic unsaturated polyacetal with relatively high apparent molar mass (up to ca. 36 kg mol−1) and decent dispersity (ca. 1.4). The double bonds along the chain can undergo hydrogenation and thiol–ene reactions as well as crosslinking, thus making this polyacetal potentially interesting as a reactive functional material.
A Highly Warped Heptagon‐Containing sp2 Carbon Scaffold via Vinylnaphthyl π‐Extension
Authors: Farrell Jeffrey M. , Grande Vincenzo , Schmidt David , Würthner Frank 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of warped, negatively curved, all‐sp2‐carbon π‐scaffolds. Multifold C−C coupling reactions are used to transform a polyaromatic borinic acid into a saddle‐shaped polyaromatic hydrocarbon (2) bearing two heptagonal rings. Notably, this Schwarzite substructure is synthesized in only two steps from an unfunctionalized alkene. A highly warped structure of 2 was revealed by X‐ray crystallographic studies and pronounced flexibility of this π‐scaffold was ascertained by experimental and computational studies. Compound 2 exhibits excellent solubility, visible range absorption and fluorescence, and readily undergoes two reversible one‐electron oxidations at mild potentials.
Branched polyethylenimine‐polyethylene glycol‐β‐cyclodextrin polymers for efficient removal of bisphenol A and copper from wastewater
Authors: Lee Ji Hwan , Kwak Seung‐Yeop 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe present study reports on the development of water‐insoluble polymers including β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and branched polyethylenimine (b‐PEI) denoted here as X‐CD, for efficient removal of bisphenol A (BPA) and copper ions (Cu(II)) from wastewater. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry results indicate that β‐CD was successfully linked to b‐PEI and PEG. The adsorption kinetics of BPA and Cu(II) were found to follow a pseudo‐second‐order model. Adsorption isotherm data showed good correlation of BPA and Cu(II) with the Langmuir isotherm models. In regeneration tests, using ethanol and DI water (pH 2) washing, X‐CD exhibited sufficient BPA and Cu(II) recovery efficiency even after the fourth cycle. Furthermore, the adsorption performance of X‐CD was unaffected by co‐existing substances. The results demonstrate simple and environmentally friendly crosslinking without toxic/carcinogenic byproducts, and the efficient removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals and heavy metals from aquatic environments. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48475.
Composite mixed matrix membranes incorporating microporous carbon molecular sieve as filler in polyethersulfone for CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Janshir Bin Gulam , Mannan Hafiz Abdul , Nasir Rizwan , Mohshim Dzeti Farhah , Mukhtar Hilmi , Abdulrahman Aymn , Ahmed Anas 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTMembrane technology has been considered a key factor for sustainable growth in high‐efficiency gas separation. Current mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) technology is rising, but these membranes in the dense structure are having difficulties in operating at high pressures and scale up for commercialization. The purpose of this research is to synthesize composite MMMs (CMMMs) consisting of polyethersulfone (PES), carbon molecular sieve (CMS 1–5 wt %), and Novatex 2471 nonwoven fabric (support layer). The membranes' physical, chemical, and thermal properties were evaluated by different analytical equipment. The morphology of both PES and PES‐CMS composite membranes had a porous and asymmetric structure, in which CMS was uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. The thermal properties showed that the membranes were stable up to 350 °C with a single glass transition temperature. The functional groups in the membrane were confirmed by spectral analysis. The gas performance results showed that carbon dioxide permeance increased with increased CMS concentration and methane permeance decreased due to the hindering effect of CMS under similar operating conditions. The highest selectivity achieved was 12.774 using CMMM of 5 wt % of CMS at 10 bar, which on average was 137.80%, improved selectivity compared to pure PES membrane. The support layer was able to withstand high operating pressures and showed the ability to scale up. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48476.
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers obtained by photopolymerization for selective recognition of penicillin G
Authors: Pupin Rafael Rovatti , Foguel Marcos Vinicius , Gonçalves Luís Moreira , Sotomayor Maria del Pilar T. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTSome of the most important life‐saving medications are β‐lactam antibiotics (such as Penicillin G). However, these medicines have not adequately been discharged into the environment; penicillin residues offer health risks and enhance the development of resistances. Thus, its selective separation from complex matrices is a challenge worth tackling. A novel strategy of synthesis, by photopolymerization, was applied to develop magnetic molecular imprinted polymers (mag‐MIPs) aiming the recognition of penicillin G (also known as benzylpenicillin). Photopolymerization, when compared with the more common thermopolymerization, has the advantage of occurring at lower temperatures, which prevents analyte degradation. The Mag‐MIP presented higher surface area than the conventional MIP and good adsorption capacity of the analyte while maintaining its selectivity. The synthesized material was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, showing that the magnetite nanoparticles were formed and the MIP polymerization on their surface was performed, once the material was amorphous. Furthermore, the pore formation was evaluated by BET, indicating a high surface area (832 m2 g−1) and large pore volume (0.80 cm3 g−1) in the mag‐MIP compared to the magnetic non‐imprinted polymer (mag‐NIP: 147 m2 g−1 and 0.33 cm3 g−1). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48496.
Eosin‐Y‐Catalyzed Photoredox C−S Bond Formation: Easy Access to Thioethers
Authors: Chand Shiv , Pandey Anand Kumar , Singh Rahul , Kumar Saurabh , Singh Krishna Nand 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn operationally simple Eosin Y catalyzed sulfenylation of hydrazones has been realized to afford a range of thioethers under visible light. The methodology provides high yields of thioethers under ambient conditions employing readily available and inexpensive starting materials. The reaction has broad substrate scope and is compatible with various functional groups.
Beyond the Corey–Chaykovsky Reaction: Synthesis of Unusual Cyclopropanoids via Desymmetrization and Thereof
Authors: Patel Kaushalendra , Mishra Uttam K. , Mukhopadhyay Dipto , Ramasastry S. S. V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDesymmetrization‐based protocols for the synthesis of highly functionalized indeno‐spirocyclopropanes and cyclopropa‐fused indanes have been established through unexpected reactions triggered by the Corey–Chaykovsky reagent. These structures were further elaborated in one step to privileged scaffolds such as fluorenones, indenones, and naphthaphenones. For instance, an acid‐catalyzed transformation of indeno‐spirocyclopropanes provided fluorenones via a homo‐Nazarov‐type cyclization, and naphthaphenones were obtained via an acid‐catalyzed cyclopropane ring‐opening/retro‐Michael sequence.
Laboratory simulation of postfire effects on conventional drinking water treatment and disinfection byproduct formation
Authors: Hohner Amanda K. , Summers R. Scott , Rosario‐Ortiz Fernando L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWildfires can abruptly transform forests, char vegetation and soils, and create an environment susceptible to postfire erosion and runoff to nearby surface waters serving as potable water supplies. The rising trend in wildfire activity increases the risk to source waters, while postwildfire implications on drinking water treatment are not well understood. A laboratory‐based approach was used to simulate the effects of forest floor heating during wildfire on water quality. Surface soil and litter samples were heated in a furnace and leached to evaluate changes to water‐soluble compounds. Leachates were diluted to a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of 5.0 ± 1.0 mgC/L. Heated and unheated (control) leachates were compared for dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties, treatability by alum coagulation, and disinfection byproduct formation. Size exclusion chromatography, optical property characterization, and organic nitrogen levels suggest that the DOM character shifted to lower‐molecular‐weight, nitrogen‐enriched aromatic compounds following heating. Raw water total trihalomethane and haloacetic acid precursor yields were not significantly different following heating; however, pairwise responses varied. Chloropicrin precursor yields increased by an average of 155% following heating, while haloacetonitrile precursor yields showed minimal changes. Even at high coagulant doses (>80 mg/L), the heated leachates consistently exhibited a poor coagulation response to turbidity and DOC removal. The DOC removal per mg alum was statistically lower for the heated leachates compared to the control samples (mean Δ = −0.06 mgC/mg‐alum). The adverse effect of heating on the DOC removal of the leachates might be explained by a lower‐molecular‐weight DOM composition. While findings suggest an altered DOM character, utilities may also experience an increase in influent DOC concentrations coupled with higher, or even extreme, sediment loads, resulting in compounding effects on water treatment.