bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Event‐triggered control via impulses for exponential stabilization of discrete‐time delayed systems and networks
Authors: Liu Bin , Hill David J. , Sun Zhijie , Huang Jinxia 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates the stabilization issue via event‐triggered controls (ETCs) for discrete‐time delayed systems (DDSs) and networks. Based on the recently proposed ETC scheme for discrete‐time systems without time delays, improved ETC (I‐ETC) and event‐triggered impulsive control (ETIC) are proposed for DDS. The algorithms for ETC, I‐ETC, and ETIC are given respectively to derive criteria of exponential stabilization of DDS. Moreover, the exponential stabilization and stabilization to ISS for discrete‐time delayed networks is achieved by employing the algorithms of ETC and ETIC. The issue of stabilization via ETCs for dynamical networks where different subsystems have different sequences of event instants is solved by introducing the check‐period into ETCs and establishing general ISS estimate of discrete‐time delayed inequality. In order to assess the performances of the control schemes, discussions on nontriviality are given by proposing the concept of rate of control and the function of control cost. Finally, two examples with numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical results. From the obtained results on stabilization and the simulations, the ETIC is shown to have clear advantages and well performances than the classical state feedback control, the ETC recently proposed, I‐ETC, and the time‐based impulsive control on aspects of nontriviality, lower rate of control, lower cost of control, and robustness w.r.t. external disturbances.
Consensus analysis of hybrid multiagent systems: A game‐theoretic approach
Authors: Ma Jingying , Ye Maojiao , Zheng Yuanshi , Zhu Yunru 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThis paper considers a consensus problem for hybrid multiagent systems, which comprise two groups of agents: a group of continuous‐time dynamic agents and a group of discrete‐time dynamic agents. Firstly, a game‐theoretic approach is adopted to model the interactions between the two groups of agents. To achieve consensus for the considered hybrid multiagent systems, the cost functions are designed. Moreover, it is shown that the designed game admits a unique Nash equilibrium. Secondly, sufficient/necessary conditions of solving consensus are established. Thirdly, we find that the convergence speed of the system depends on the game. By the mechanism design of the game, the convergence speed is increased. Finally, simulation examples are given to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Xanthene and Pyrimidine‐Fused Heterocyclic Derivatives at Water‐Ethanol Medium and Their Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Naidu Kalla Reddi Mohan , Karunakaran Reddy Sankaran , Balaji Meriga , Kim Il 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWater‐ethanol (1:1 v/v) reaction medium has been demonstrated to be an efficient system for the catalyst‐free synthesis of biologically potent xanthene and pyrimidine‐fused heterocyclic derivatives at 60 °C. Reactions of various substituted benzaldehydes or salicylaldehydes with dimedone or barbituric acid in water‐ethanol yield corresponding xanthene and pyrimidine‐fused heterocyclic derivatives, respectively, in good yields (90−93%) within a short time frame (1−2 h). This synthetic protocol is eco‐friendly and economically viable and has a facile workup procedure and a wide scope. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antioxidant activities against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Compounds 13 and 23 are excellent free radical scavengers toward DPPH free radicals and compounds 12 and 23 show good activities in FRAP assay compared with standard Vitamin C.
Air‐Processed, Stable Organic Solar Cells with High Power Conversion Efficiency of 7.41%
Authors: Li Pandeng , Mainville Mathieu , Zhang Yuliang , Leclerc Mario , Sun Baoquan , Izquierdo Ricardo , Ma Dongling 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHigh efficiency, excellent stability, and air processability are all important factors to consider in endeavoring to push forward the real‐world application of organic solar cells. Herein, an air‐processed inverted photovoltaic device built upon a low‐bandgap, air‐stable, phenanthridinone‐based ter‐polymer (C150H218N6O6S4)n (PDPPPTD) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) without involving any additive engineering processes yields a high efficiency of 6.34%. The PDPPPTD/PC61BM devices also exhibit superior thermal stability and photo‐stability as well as long‐term stability in ambient atmosphere without any device encapsulation, which show less performance decay as compared to most of the reported organic solar cells. In view of their great potential, solvent additive engineering via adding p‐anisaldehyde (AA) is attempted, leading to a further improved efficiency of 7.41%, one of the highest efficiencies for all air‐processed and stable organic photovoltaic devices. Moreover, the device stability under different ambient conditions is also further improved with the AA additive engineering. Various characterizations are conducted to probe the structural, morphology, and chemical information in order to correlate the structure with photovoltaic performance. This work paves a way for developing a new generation of air‐processable organic solar cells for possible commercial application.
Acceleration slip regulation control strategy for four‐wheel independent drive electric vehicles
Authors: Guo Luole , Xu Hongbing , Zou Jianxiao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo prevent four‐wheel independent drive electric vehicle (4WID EV) wheels from slipping when they are accelerating, an acceleration slip regulation (ASR) control strategy is proposed. Based on the classification of road conditions and the calculation of the optimal slip ratio for road conditions, the slip ratio is adjusted around the optimal slip ratio through controlling the driving torque output. Meanwhile, considering the change of wheel longitudinal force actually, we design a compensator in the ASR control strategy. Then, the system stability is analytically investigated through the classical control theory. Finally, we design an ASR control system in Matlab/Simulink, and apply the advanced simulation software Carsim to build a 4WID EV model, then build a cosimulation model using Carsim and Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show the effectiveness and validation of the proposed ASR control strategy. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion reduces pulmonary hypertension in severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Style C. C. , Olutoye O. O. , Belfort M. A. , Ayres N. A. , Cruz S. M. , Lau P. E. , Shamshirsaz A. A. , Lee T. C. , Olutoye O. A. , Fernandes C. J. , Sanz Cortes M. , Keswani S. G. , Espinoza J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveFetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) is associated with increased perinatal survival and reduced need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in fetuses with severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). This study evaluates the impact of FETO on the resolution of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in fetuses with isolated CDH.MethodsWe reviewed retrospectively the medical records of all fetuses evaluated for CDH between January 2004 and July 2017 at a single institution. Fetuses with additional major structural or chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. CDH cases were classified retrospectively into mild, moderate and severe groups based on prenatal magnetic resonance imaging indices (observed‐to‐expected total fetal lung volume and percentage of intrathoracic liver herniation). Presence of PH was determined based on postnatal echocardiograms. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between FETO and resolution of PH by 1 year of age while controlling for side of the CDH, use of ECMO, gestational age at diagnosis, gestational age at delivery, fetal gender, sildenafil use at discharge and CDH severity. Resolution of PH by 1 year of age was compared between a cohort of fetuses with severe CDH that underwent FETO and a cohort that did not have the procedure (non‐FETO). A subanalysis was performed restricting the analysis to isolated left CDH. Parametric and non‐parametric tests were used for comparisons.ResultsOf 257 CDH cases evaluated, 72% (n = 184) had no major structural or chromosomal anomalies of which 58% (n = 107) met the study inclusion criteria. The FETO cohort consisted of 19 CDH cases and the non‐FETO cohort (n = 88) consisted of 31 (35%) mild, 32 (36%) moderate and 25 (28%) severe CDH cases. All infants with severe CDH, regardless of whether they underwent FETO, had evidence of neonatal PH. FETO (OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.05–12.10; P = 0.041) and ECMO (OR, 5.01; 95% CI, 2.10–11.96; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of resolution of PH by 1 year of age. A higher proportion of infants with severe CDH that underwent FETO had resolution of PH by 1 year after birth compared with infants with severe CDH in the non‐FETO cohort (69% (11/16) vs 28% (7/25); P = 0.017). Similar results were observed when the analysis was restricted to cases with left‐sided CDH (PH resolution in 69% (11/16) vs 28% (5/18); P = 0.032).ConclusionIn infants with severe CDH, FETO and ECMO are independently associated with increased resolution of PH by 1 year of age. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Physiology of puberty in boys and girls and pathological disorders affecting its onset
Authors: Alotaibi Mohammed F. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTPuberty is a physiological event involving the attainment of reproductive capability and complete development of sexual and physical organs. Changing from childhood to adulthood is a complex process and is tightly controlled by interconnection pathways at the level of the hypothalamus which can be influenced by environmental, psychosocial, and endocrine factors. Although various mechanisms underlying the onset of normal puberty have been investigated in humans and animals, the exact molecular mechanisms thereof remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge and provide a synoptic overview about the physiology of puberty in adolescent boys and girls, and describe pathological disorders affecting its onset.
Molecular data show Clinostomoides Dollfus, 1950 is a junior synonym of Clinostomum Leidy, 1856, with redescription of metacercariae of Clinostomum brieni n. comb.
Authors: Caffara Monica , Locke Sean A. , Halajian Ali , Luus-Powell Wilmien J. , Benini Deborah , Tedesco Perla , Kasembele Gyrhaiss Kapepula , Fioravanti Maria L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe genus Clinostomoides Dollfus, 1950 was erected to accommodate a single worm from Ardea goliath sampled in the Belgian Congo. The specimen was distinguished from other clinostomids by its large size and posterior genitalia. In the following years, metacercariae of Clinostomoides brieni, have been described in Clarias spp. in southern and western Africa. A few authors have referred to Clinostomum brieni, but all such usages appear to be lapsus calami, and the validity of Clinostomoides remains widely accepted. In this study our aim was: position C. brieni among the growing clinostomids molecular database, and redescribe the species with emphasis on characters that have emerged as important in recent work. We sequenced two nuclear (partial 18S and ITS) and one mitochondrial marker (partial cytochrome c oxidase I) and studied morphology in metacercariae from hosts and localities likely to harbour the type species (Clarias spp., Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Africa). Phylogenetic analysis shows C. brieni belongs within Clinostomum Leidy, 1856. We therefore transfer C. brieni to Clinostomum, amend the diagnosis for the genus Clinostomum and provide a critical analysis of other species in Clinostomoides, all of which we consider species inquirendae, as they rest on comparisons of different developmental stages.
Simultaneous gravity and gripping force compensation mechanism for lightweight hand-arm robot with low-reduction reducer
Authors: Uemura Mitsunori , Mitabe Yuki , Kawamura Sadao 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a novel mechanism to compensate for gravity and the gripping force in a hand-arm robot. This mechanism compensates for the gravitational torque produced by an object gripped by the hand-arm robot. The gripping force required for the robot hand to prevent the object from dropping is also simultaneously compensated for. This mechanism requires only one actuator placed on the shoulder part of the robot. Therefore, this mechanism can reduce the torque requirement of joint actuators and lower the weight of the robot. The gear ratio of the reduction gears in each robot joint can then also be reduced. These advantages are critical for future robots that perform tasks in unstructured environments and collaborate with humans. We carried out experiments with a 6-DoF robot arm having a 1-DoF gripper to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.
A novel balanced-to-balanced power divider based on three-line coupled structure
Authors: Tan Zhen , Lu Qing-Yuan , Chen Jian-Xin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a novel balanced-to-balanced power divider (PD) based on a simple and compact three-line coupled structure for the first time. By bisecting the proposed symmetrical structure, the differential mode (DM) and the common mode (CM) equivalent circuits can be obtained for analysis. The DM equivalent circuit exhibits a three-line in-phase power dividing response, and then a resistor is added between the two outputs for achieving good isolation. Meanwhile, the CM equivalent circuit shows a three-line all-stop response so that the CM suppression in this design does not need to be considered. Accordingly, the detailed design procedure of the DM PD is given. For demonstration, a prototype centered at 1.95 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The simulated and measured results with good agreement are presented, showing low DM loss and wideband CM suppression.
Analyzing El Niño–Southern Oscillation Predictability Using Long‐Short‐Term‐Memory Models
Authors: Huang Andrew , Vega‐Westhoff Ben , Sriver Ryan L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can have global impacts, affecting daily temperature and precipitation, and extreme weather, such as hurricanes and tornadoes. Because of its importance, scientists strive to understand the processes that govern ENSO and develop models to predict its evolution and changes in variability. Here long‐short‐term‐memory models (LSTMs) were compared to linear regression models (LR) to explore the benefits of simple, deep neural networks in predicting ENSO, in addition to quantifying the relative importance of the sources of ENSO's predictability. The models use central Pacific sea surface temperatures (SST), equatorial Pacific warm water volumes, and western Pacific zonal winds as predictors, individually and in combinations, on monthly and daily resolutions, from 1‐ to 11‐month leads. By using these predictors, many characteristic time scales are encompassed—from days‐to‐weeks in the atmosphere, to months‐to‐seasons in the coupled system, and interseasonal‐to‐interannual in the subsurface ocean. Results show, with monthly input, predictions from LSTM were like predictions from LR. However, with daily SST at longer leads, LSTM exhibited some advantage over LR in terms of the correlation coefficient. This suggests that daily SST may contain some nonlinear element that improves LSTM predictability compared to LR. In addition, this suggests that more information, such as gridded data and additional variables, would likely improve predictability using LSTM, but results would be more difficult to interpret. Overall, LSTM may be appealing because once the computationally expensive training of LSTM is complete, the predictions employing the trained model can be relatively cheap to perform thereafter.
Global Crustal Thickness and Velocity Structure From Geostatistical Analysis of Seismic Data
Authors: Szwillus Wolfgang , Afonso Juan Carlos , Ebbing Jörg , Mooney Walter D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractActive source seismology provides a critical constraint on the global crustal structure. However, the heterogeneous data coverage means that interpolation is necessary to fill the gap between seismic profiles. This has the potential to cause large uncertainties especially if the data are interpolated over a large distance. In previous models, geological intuition was often employed to ensure reasonable results. To investigate crustal model uncertainty, we apply geostatistical analysis to a database of active seismic investigations. Unlike previous models, our workflow in the construction of the crustal model is completely transparent. Apart from the points from the database, we only use an a priori separation in oceanic and continental domains. We calculate global maps of Moho depth and average P wave velocity in the crystalline crust. Additionally, we obtain the interpolation error and error covariance. Overall, our results agree with previous global crustal models such as Crust1.0. Our uncertainty estimates show that the Moho depth uncertainty in the most well studied areas such as North America and Europe is less than 4 km but can reach 10 km or more in frontier regions such as most of Africa. P wave velocity shows the same pattern, but is less accurate overall, due to more small‐scale variation. We demonstrate the benefit of having a numerical estimate of uncertainty by propagating the uncertainty to the residual topography. We see two main uses for our crustal model in the geophysical research community: (1) as a starting model for inversions focusing on the crust and upper mantle and (2) as a starting point for including other pointwise information about crustal structure, for example, from passive seismology.
Geometric Controls on Pulse‐Like Rupture in a Dynamic Model of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake
Authors: Wang Yongfei , Day Steven M. , Denolle Marine A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe 15 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Nepal Gorkha earthquake occurred on a shallowly dipping portion of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). Notable features of the event include (1) the dominance of a slip pulse of about 6‐s duration that unlocked the lower edge of the MHT and (2) the near‐horizontal fault geometry, which, combined with proximity of the free surface, allows surface‐reflected phases to break the across‐fault symmetries of the seismic wavefield. Our dynamic rupture simulations in an elastoplastic medium yield earthquake parameters comparable to those deduced from kinematic inversions, including seismic moment and rupture velocity. The simulations reproduce pulse‐like behavior predicting pulse widths in agreement with those kinematic studies and supporting an interpretation in which the pulse‐like time dependence of slip is principally controlled by rupture geometry. This inference is strongly supported by comparison of synthetic ground velocity with the near‐field high‐rate GPS recording at station KKN4, which shows close agreement in pulse width, amplitude, and pulse shape. That comparison also constrains the updip extent of rupture and disfavors significant coseismic slip on the shallow ramp segment. Over most of the rupture length, the simulated rupture propagates at a near‐constant maximum velocity (~90% of the S wave speed) that is controlled by the antiplane geometry and off‐fault plastic yielding. Simulations also reveal the role of reflected seismic waves from the free surface, which may have contributed ~30% elongation of the slip pulse, and show the potential for significant free‐surface interaction effects in shallow events of similar geometry.
Reductive metabolism of the important atmospheric gas isoprene by homoacetogens
Authors: Kronen Miriam , Lee Matthew , Jones Zackary L , Manefield Michael J 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Isoprene is the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) in the Earth’s atmosphere and plays important roles in atmospheric chemistry. Despite this, little is known about microbiological processes serving as a terrestrial sink for isoprene. While aerobic isoprene degrading bacteria have been identified, there are no known anaerobic, isoprene-metabolizing organisms. In this study an H2-consuming homoacetogenic enrichment was shown to utilize 1.6 µmoles isoprene h−1 as an electron acceptor in addition to HCO3−. The isoprene-reducing community was dominated by Acetobacterium spp. and isoprene was shown to be stoichiometrically reduced to three methylbutene isomers (2-methyl-1-butene (&gt;97%), 3-methyl-1-butene (≤2%), 2-methyl-2-butene (≤1%). In the presence of isoprene, 40% less acetate was formed suggesting that isoprene reduction is coupled to energy conservation in Acetobacterium spp. This study improves our understanding of linkages and feedbacks between biogeochemistry and terrestrial microbial activity.
E47 modulates hepatic glucocorticoid action
Authors: Hemmer M. Charlotte , Wierer Michael , Schachtrup Kristina , Downes Michael , Hübner Norbert , Evans Ronald M. , Uhlenhaut N. Henriette 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) are effective drugs, but their clinical use is compromised by severe side effects including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and obesity. They bind to the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR), which acts as a transcription factor. The activation of metabolic genes by GR is thought to underlie these adverse effects. We identify the bHLH factor E47 as a modulator of GR target genes. Using mouse genetics, we find that E47 is required for the regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism by GR, and that loss of E47 prevents the development of hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis in response to GCs. Here we show that E47 and GR co-occupy metabolic promoters and enhancers. E47 is needed for the efficient recruitment of GR and coregulators such as Mediator to chromatin. Altogether, our results illustrate how GR and E47 regulate hepatic metabolism, and might provide an entry point for novel therapies with reduced side effects.
Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
Authors: Ji Quanbo , Xu Xiaojie , Kang Lei , Xu Yameng , Xiao Jingbo , Goodman Stuart B. , Zhu Xiang , Li Wenchao , Liu Juan , Gao Xu , Yan Zhifeng , Zheng Yuxuan , Wang Zheng , Maloney William J. , Ye Qinong , Wang Yan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) has been recognized as the most common chronic age-related disease. Cartilage degeneration influences OA therapy. Here we report that hematopoietic pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor-interacting protein (HPIP) is essential for OA development. Elevated HPIP levels are found in OA patients. Col2a1-CreERT2/HPIPf/f mice exhibit obvious skeletal abnormalities compared with their HPIPf/f littermates. HPIP deficiency in mice protects against developing OA. Moreover, intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus carrying HPIP-specific short hairpin RNA in vivo attenuates OA histological signs. Notably, in vitro RNA-sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing profiles identify that HPIP modulates OA cartilage degeneration through transcriptional activation of Wnt target genes. Mechanistically, HPIP promotes the transcription of Wnt targets by interacting with lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1). Furthermore, HPIP potentiates the transcriptional activity of LEF1 and acetylates histone H3 lysine 56 in the promoters of Wnt targets, suggesting that HPIP is an attractive target in OA regulatory network.