bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic and Phenotypic Analyses Reveal Mechanisms Underlying Homing Ability in Pigeon
Authors: Shao Yong , Tian Hang-Yu , Zhang Jing-Jing , Kharrati-Koopaee Hamed , Guo Xing , Zhuang Xiao-Lin , Li Ming-Li , Nanaie Hojat Asadollahpour , Dehghani Tafti Elahe , Shojaei Bahador , Reza Namavar Mohammad , Sotoudeh Narges , Oluwakemi Ayoola Adeola , Li Jia-Li , Liang Bin , Esmailizadeh Ali , Wang Shu , Wu Dong-Dong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe homing pigeon was selectively bred from the domestic pigeon for a homing ability over long distances, a very fascinating but complex behavioral trait. Here, we generate a total of 95 whole genomes from diverse pigeon breeds. Comparing the genomes from the homing pigeon population with those from other breeds identifies candidate positively selected genes, including many genes involved in the central nervous system, particularly spatial learning and memory such as LRP8. Expression profiling reveals many neuronal genes displaying differential expression in the hippocampus, which is the key organ for memory and navigation and exhibits significantly larger size in the homing pigeon. In addition, we uncover a candidate gene GSR (encoding glutathione-disulfide reductase) experiencing positive selection in the homing pigeon. Expression profiling finds that GSR is highly expressed in the wattle and visual pigment cell layer, and displays increased expression levels in the homing pigeon. In vitro, a magnetic field stimulates increases in calcium ion concentration in cells expressing pigeon GSR. These findings support the importance of the hippocampus (functioning in spatial memory and navigation) for homing ability, and the potential involvement of GSR in pigeon magnetoreception.
Submerged Urlinien, Shadow Urlinien, and Urlinie Play in the Left-Hand Melody Piece
Authors: Yorgason Brent 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Piano pieces with the principal melody in the left hand pose interesting challenges for Schenkerian analysis, which generally favors outer voices for the components of the Ursatz. In the left-hand melody piece, the accompaniment is positioned above the melody, and bass lines may not be literally present. Middleground sketches of such pieces often featured a submerged Urlinie, which is a fundamental line that is positioned in an inner voice of the work’s texture (after Schachter 1994). These pieces also quite frequently involve “shadow Urlinien,” which are potentially viable fundamental lines in an upper voice that are perceptually weaker than Urlinien positioned in the principal melodic register. “Urlinie play” describes the analytical and phenomenological interplay between two potential fundamental lines, such as a submerged Urlinie and a shadow Urlinie. The analyses in this article examine aspects of Urlinie play in left-hand melody pieces by Schumann, Massenet, Beethoven, and Chopin, and describe that play in terms of four narrative categories: shadowing, role reversion, denial, and competition.
The missing heritability of familial colorectal cancer
Authors: Schubert Stephanie A , Morreau Hans , de Miranda Noel F C C , van Wezel Tom 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPinpointing heritability factors is fundamental for the prevention and early detection of cancer. Up to one-quarter of colorectal cancers (CRCs) occur in the context of familial aggregation of this disease, suggesting a strong genetic component. Currently, only less than half of the heritability of CRC can be attributed to hereditary syndromes or common risk loci. Part of the missing heritability of this disease may be explained by the inheritance of elusive high-risk variants, polygenic inheritance, somatic mosaicism, as well as shared environmental factors, among others. A great deal of the missing heritability in CRC is expected to be addressed in the coming years with the increased application of cutting-edge next-generation sequencing technologies, routine multigene panel testing and tumour-focussed germline predisposition screening approaches. On the other hand, it will be important to define the contribution of environmental factors to familial aggregation of CRC incidence. This review provides an overview of the known genetic causes of familial CRC and aims at providing clues that explain the missing heritability of this disease.
Teacher Labor Market Reforms
Authors: Cowen Joshua M. , Strunk Katharine O. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter outlines recent reforms to the teaching profession, and discuss where and how future policy change is likely to occur. It focuses on teacher evaluation, job security, compensation, and recruitment, and on collective bargaining agreements that teachers’ unions negotiate with their districts, and the authors conclude with the expectation that the next decade will feature new and ongoing debates over each of these issues. Teacher labor issues will continue to vary in their details by state, as do other areas of education law and policy. The chapter notes, however, that new changes to the teacher labor market are unlikely to be substantial enough on their own to change more fundamental economic, demographic, and sociological conditions that provide the backdrop to where teachers work and organize. The chapter also acknowledges that much remains hidden from view. As researchers and policymakers understand more about how children learn, the authors believe that the laws governing not only teachers and teaching but public education more generally will shift to incorporate those new directions—wherever they lead. For teacher advocates, such changes need not undermine the professionalism or the security of employment or of purpose that historically has drawn new educators into the profession. But all stakeholders should hope and expect that whatever new reforms occur—for teachers, their unions’, their contracts, and the schools in which they work—they begin from a perspective that places opportunity for children as the first principle of public education.
National Identity and Satire
Authors: O'Shaughnessy David 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The eighteenth century was a period when ambitious Irish dramatists, particularly those based in London, deployed satire as a means of publicly displaying Irish improvement and Enlightenment. The Stage Irishman evolved over the period to become less an object than a tool of satire. Central to this process was new historiographical work by Irish historians that provided an ideological basis for this new drama. The Declaratory Act (1720) provoked Irish patriot writers; the failed Jacobite Rebellion (1745) offered them an opportunity to denigrate the Scottish to further Irish claims of Celtic authenticity; and the Irish rebellion (1798) muted the sense of possibility around the politics of national identity and satire.
Retention and response rates in 14 261 PsA patients starting TNF inhibitor treatment—results from 12 countries in EuroSpA
Authors: Brahe Cecilie Heegaard , Ørnbjerg Lykke Midtbøll , Jacobsson Lennart , Nissen Michael J , Kristianslund Eirik Klami , Mann Herman , Santos Maria José , Reino Juan Gómez , Nordström Dan , Rotar Ziga , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Onen Fatos , Codreanu Catalin , Lindström Ulf , Möller Burkhard , Kvien Tore K , Pavelka Karel , Barcelos Anabela , Sánchez-Piedra Carlos , Eklund Kari K , Tomšič Matija , Love Thorvardur Jon , Can Gercek , Ionescu Ruxandra , Loft Anne Gitte , van der Horst-Bruinsma I E , Macfarlane Gary J , Iannone Florenzo , Hyldstrup Lise Hejl , Krogh Niels Steen , Østergaard Mikkel , Hetland Merete Lund 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate TNF inhibitor (TNFi) retention and response rates in European biologic-naïve patients with PsA.

Methods
Prospectively collected data on PsA patients in routine care from 12 European registries were pooled. Heterogeneity in baseline characteristics between registries were explored (analysis of variance and pairwise comparison). Retention rates (Kaplan–Meier), clinical remission [28-joint count DAS (DAS28) &lt;2.6; 28 joint Disease Activity index for Psoriatic Arthritis ⩽4] and ACR criteria for 20% improvement (ACR20)/ACR50/ACR70 were calculated, including LUNDEX adjustment.

Results
Overall, 14 261 patients with PsA initiated a first TNFi. Considerable heterogeneity of baseline characteristics between registries was observed. The median 12-month retention rate (95% CI) was 77% (76, 78%), ranging from 68 to 90% across registries. Overall, DAS28/28 joint Disease Activity index for Psoriatic Arthritis remission rates at 6 months were 56%/27% (LUNDEX: 45%/22%). Six-month ACR20/50/70 responses were 53%/38%/22%, respectively. In patients initiating a first TNFi after 2009 with registered fulfilment of ClASsification for Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) criteria (n = 1980) or registered one or more swollen joint at baseline (n = 5803), the retention rates and response rates were similar to those found overall.

Conclusion
Approximately half of &gt;14 000 patients with PsA who initiated first TNFi treatment in routine care were in DAS28 remission after 6 months, and three-quarters were still on the drug after 1 year. Considerable heterogeneity in baseline characteristics and outcomes across registries was observed. The feasibility of creating a large European database of PsA patients treated in routine care was demonstrated, offering unique opportunities for research with real-world data.
Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and their associations with cardiovascular risk in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Legge Alexandra , Blanchard Chris , Hanly John G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
Using a novel isotemporal substitution paradigm, this study aimed to estimate the cross-sectional associations of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and physical activity (PA) with cardiovascular risk factors among patients with SLE.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of adult SLE patients without documented cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular risk factors were measured, including BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose and lipid profile. Ten-year CVD risk was estimated using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association risk assessment tool. Time in sedentary behaviour, light PA, and moderate–vigorous PA (MVPA) was measured by accelerometry. We used three linear regression models—single-activity models, partition models, and isotemporal substitution models—to evaluate the associations of time spent at each movement intensity with each CVD risk variable.

Results
There were 100 SLE patients [92% female; mean (s.d.) age 52.4 (14.4) years]. Only 11 participants adhered to current PA recommendations (⩾150 MVPA min/week in ⩾10-min bouts). In isotemporal substitution, reallocating 10 min from sedentary behaviour to MVPA was associated with lower systolic (β = –2.15 mmHg; P = 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (β = –1.56 mmHg; P = 0.01), as well as lower estimated 10-year CVD risk (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70, 0.93). Time reallocation from light PA to MVPA was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (β = –1.45 mmHg; P = 0.01) and lower 10-year CVD risk estimates (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69, 0.94).

Conclusion
Given that reallocating time from other movement intensities to MVPA is associated favourably with lower cardiovascular risk, PA interventions are needed to address suboptimal MVPA levels among SLE patients.
WHAT ANATOMIC FEATURES GOVERN PERSONAL LONG-TERM HEALTH RISKS FROM BREAST CANCER RADIOTHERAPY?
Authors: Kundrát Pavel , Simonetto Cristoforo , Eidemüller Markus , Remmele Julia , Rennau Hannes , Sebb Sabine , Wolf Ulrich , Hildebrandt Guido 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Breast cancer radiotherapy may in the long term lead to radiation-induced secondary cancer or heart disease. These health risks hugely vary among patients, partially due to anatomy-driven differences in doses deposited to the heart, ipsilateral lung and contralateral breast. We identify four anatomic features that largely cover these dosimetric variations to enable personalized risk estimates. For three exemplary, very different risk scenarios, the given parameter set reproduces 63–74% of the individual risk variability for left-sided breast cancer patients. These anatomic features will be used in the PASSOS software to support decision processes in breast-cancer therapy.
Evaluation of essential oils and a prebiotic for newborn dairy calves1
Authors: Swedzinski Caitlin , Froehlich Kelly A , Abdelsalam Karim W , Chase Christopher , Greenfield Tony J , Koppien-Fox Jessica , Casper David P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A blend of essential oils (EO) and a prebiotic were combined (EOC) to formulate a colostrum-based liquid birth supplement and a separate feeding supplement (Start Strong and Stay Strong, Ralco Inc., Marshall, MN). These products were designed to promote immunity and stimulate appetite to diminish health challenges and stresses experienced by newborn calves. The hypothesis was that calves supplemented with an oral dose of liquid EOC at birth (10-mL aliquot at birth and 10 mL at 12 h of age) when fed the EOC feeding supplement would result in improved growth performance, health, and immunity. The objective was to determine if an additional feeding of liquid EOC at birth in combination with EOC in the milk replacer (MR) would allow calves to demonstrate improved growth, health, and immunity compare with calves only offered EO in MR. Sixty-one Holstein calves (18 males and 43 females) from a commercial dairy operation were blocked by birth date and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments. Treatments were 1) Control (CON): a 24% crude protein (CP):20% fat (as-fed basis) MR; 2) EP: a 24:20 MR with EOC mixed at 1.25 g/d; or 3) EPC: a 24:20 MR with EOC mixed at 1.25 g/d in addition to calves receiving one 10-mL oral dose of liquid EOC at birth and 10 mL again at 12 h. The 24:20 MR was fed via bucket 2 times per day at a rate of 0.57 kg/calf daily for 14 d, increased to 0.85 kg/calf at 2 times per day until 35 d and was reduced to 0.43 kg at 1 time per day at 36 d to facilitate weaning after 42 d. Decoquinate was added to the MR at 41.6 mg/kg for coccidiosis control. Calves were housed in individual hutches bedded with straw with ad libitum access to a 20% CP-pelleted calf starter and water. All data were analyzed using PROC MIXED as a randomized complete block design. Calves in this study had similar (P &gt; 0.10) average daily gains, body weight, and growth measurements. Calves fed EPC had significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher IgA titers on day 0 of the trial compared with calves fed EP or CON, which was expected as calves were supplemented with liquid EOC at birth and 12 h later demonstrating an increase in immune response. The use of a liquid EOC product being administrated after birth can improve IgA titers to improve the immune status of the new born calf to fight off potential diseases and pathogens. A formulation error resulted in the EOC being fed at half the rate of the previous experiment of 2.5 g/d, which appears to be below an efficacious dosage.
Low socio-economic status associated with increased risk of dengue haemorrhagic fever in Taiwanese patients with dengue fever: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Lai Yun-Ju , Lai Hsin-Hao , Chen Yu-Yen , Ko Ming-Chung , Chen Chu-Chieh , Chuang Pei-Hung , Yen Yung-Feng , Morisky Donald E 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Evidence indicates that socio-economic status (SES) may affect health outcomes in patients with chronic diseases. However, little is known about the impact of SES on the prognosis of acute dengue. This nationwide cohort study determined the risk of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Taiwanese dengue fever patients from 2000 to 2014.

Methods
From 1 January 2000, we identified adult dengue cases reported in the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System Database. Dengue cases were defined as positive virus isolation, nucleic acid amplification tests or serological tests. Associations between SES and incident DHF were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
Of 27 750 dengue patients, 985 (3.5%) had incident DHF during the follow-up period, including 442 (4.8%) and 543 (2.9%) with low and high SES, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, history of dengue fever and comorbidities, low SES was significantly associated with an increased risk of incident DHF (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.61 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.42 to 1.83]). Rural-dwelling dengue patients had a higher likelihood of DHF complication than their urban counterparts (AHR 2.18 [95% CI 1.90 to 2.51]).

Conclusions
This study suggests low SES is an independent risk factor for DHF. Future dengue control programs should particularly target dengue patients with low SES for improved outcomes.
Intimate Partner Violence: The Influence of Job Opportunities for Men and Women
Authors: Bhalotra Sonia , Kambhampati Uma , Rawlings Samantha , Siddique Zahra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study examines the association of unemployment variation with intimate partner violence using representative data from thirty-one developing countries, from 2005 to 2016. It finds that a 1 percent increase in the male unemployment rate is associated with an increase in the incidence of physical violence against women by 0.50 percentage points, or 2.75 percent. This is consistent with financial and psychological stress generated by unemployment. Female unemployment rates have the opposite effect, a 1 percent decrease being associated with an increase in the probability of victimization of 0.52 percentage points, or 2.87 percent. That an improvement in women's employment opportunities is associated with increased violence is consistent with male backlash. The study finds that this pattern of behaviors emerges entirely from countries in which women have more limited access to divorce than men.
Solving the Liolaemus bibronii puzzle, an integrative taxonomy approach: redescription of L. bibronii and description of three new species (Iguania: Liolaemidae)
Authors: Quinteros A S , Ruiz-Monachesi M R , Abdala C S 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe redescribe Liolaemus bibronii and describe three new species of Liolaemus, a genus of lizards distributed across South America. These species belong to the L. alticolor–bibronii group, which are included in the subgenus Liolaemus s.s. Liolaemus bibronii was previously proposed as a species complex, but many populations initially assigned to this complex were described as valid species. The three new species described here were populations denominated under L. bibronii. In order to validate the new species, we apply an integrative approach, including molecular and morphological evidence. Also, we perform phylogenetic analyses applying parsimony and Bayesian inference. The three new species described here show a set of character states that allow them to be distinguished from L. bibronii, from each other and from all other species of Liolaemus. Our phylogenies show that the newly described species are more related to other species than to L. bibronii. With this study, we are closer to solving the taxonomic puzzle that L. bibronii represents.
Nonsevere combined immunodeficiency T-cell lymphopenia identified through newborn screening
Authors: Patrawala Meera , Kobrynski Lisa 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Although severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is the primary target condition for newborn screening (NBS), over 25 secondary targets, conditions other than SCID, have been identified. There is no standard method for evaluating neonates with non-SCID T-cell lymphopenia (TCL) and no standard approaches to treatment. We will describe these conditions and discuss recommendations for evaluating and follow-up of non-SCID TCL detected by NBS.

Recent findings
The birth prevalence of non-SCID TCL detected through SCID NBS is higher than SCID and can be a burden on NBS programs. We will present some publications discussing outcomes and comorbidities in these patients.

Summary
NBS for SCID has been very successful in identifying infants with SCID at birth to institute early life saving therapies. TCL due to other conditions can cause significant immune deficiency and treatment is dependent on the cause of the defect, as well as the magnitude of the immunodeficiency. Data collection from NBS programs should include assessment of various therapies and clinical outcomes. Better systems for recording long-term outcomes of SCID NBS including both SCID and non-SCID conditions should become a priority for NBS programs. This will help to advance the goal of NBS programs: improve outcomes in the most cost-effective manner.
Total Elbow Arthroplasty for Distal Humerus Fractures Provided Similar Outcomes When Performed as a Primary Procedure or After Failed Internal Fixation
Authors: Logli Anthony L. , Shannon Steven F. , Boe Chelsea C. , Morrey Mark E. , O'Driscoll Shawn W. , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin 
Published: September 2019

Objectives:
To compare clinical and functional outcomes of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) for distal humerus fractures (DHF) performed either as a primary procedure or after internal fixation.

Design:
Retrospective, observational study.

Setting:
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (1998 through 2016).

Patients/Participants:
Twenty-two TEA for acute DHF and 66 TEA after previous internal fixation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Primary outcome measures included the Mayo Elbow Performance Score and motion. Reoperation rates and complications were also compared.

Results:
The mean time between internal fixation and arthroplasty was 7.3 years, and the main indications for conversion to TEA were nonunion (36%) and posttraumatic osteoarthritis (32%). There were female predominance (70%) and significant differences in age (74 years vs. 60 years, P < 0.0001) and tobacco use (0 vs. 23%; P = 0.02) between the primary and the salvage cohorts, respectively. Cohort demographics were otherwise comparable. TEA provided similar outcomes in both cohorts in terms of the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (acute 85, salvage 81, P = 0.32) and motion (acute 95/82/75 degrees, salvage 112/81/72 degrees in ulnohumeral/pronation/supination, P = 0.07/P = 0.85/P = 0.65). Reoperation rates were also similar (36% acute vs. 39% salvage, P = 1.00). Aseptic loosening (2 acute, 8 salvage) and deep infection (2 acute, 7 salvage) were the most common complications.

Conclusions:
The clinical outcomes and reoperation rates of TEA for DHF seem to be similar when performed as a primary procedure or as salvage after previous internal fixation. The benefit of avoiding elbow arthroplasty in the acute setting needs to be balanced with the potential for 2 surgical procedures if internal fixation was to be unsuccessful.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.