bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the utricular function in posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients before and after canalith repositioning maneuvre and its relation to residual dizziness
Authors: Dabbous Abeir Osman , El-Shennawy Amira Maged , Medhat Mariam Magdy , Kandil Mona Tarek 
Published: January 2019

Background:
In benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), the otoconia are dislodged from their usual position within the utricle and migrated into one of the semicircular canals. Utricular dysfunction in BPPV has been reported. Residual dizziness (RD) is common after the treatment.

Objective:
To assess the utricular function in patients with posterior canal BPPV after canalith repositioning maneuver (CRM) using ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) and to correlate the findings with any RD after CRM.

Methods:
Thirty adult patients with posterior canal BPPV (6 males and 24 females) were compared to well-matched controls. The oVEMP and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) Questionnaire were administrated before and after successful CRM.

Results:
Before CRM, the affected ear showed a significant delay in latency of N1 in the affected ear oVEMP and a significantly decreased in N1–P1 amplitude compared to controls and to the non-affected ears. After CRM their amplitudes were comparable. The BPPV group had a greater interaural amplitude difference percent (IAAD%) compared to controls before and after CRM. The non-affected ear showed only decrease in N1–P1 amplitude compared to controls. After CRM the affected ear amplitude increased and became comparable to the controls. The IAAD% was larger in RD group than non-RD group before and after CRM. The dizziness handicap severity decreased after CRM. But the occurrence of RD could not be predicted from DHI scores.

Conclusion:
Utricular function measured by oVEMP in the affected ear improved after CRM, and contralateral ear showed sub-clinical affection. Persistent VEMP abnormality reflecting persistent utricular dysfunction was related to residual dizziness.
Influence of noise on the equivalence of word-lists in a phonemically balanced word test
Authors: Vaidyanath Ramya , Yathiraj Asha 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
The main purpose of the study was to determine the influence of noise on the equivalency of word-lists in a speech-in-noise test. Additionally, the performance of young and older adults was compared.

Method:
Thirty-four young adults with normal hearing, aged 18–36 years, were compared with 49 older adults, aged 55–75 years having hearing sensitivity ≤20 dB HL till 2000 Hz. The young adults were evaluated using a speech-in-noise test having four word-lists that were equivalent in quiet, with half being tested in the right ear and half in the left ear. The older adults were tested with two of the lists, one in each ear.

Results:
In the presence of speech-babble, the younger adults obtained no significant difference between the two ears as well as between gender. Their scores on all four lists of the test were equivalent. In contrast, in the older adults the females performed significantly better than the males on one of the two lists that they were evaluated on, but no ear difference was observed. There was a significant difference between the lists in the older adults. Additionally, the older adults performed significantly poorer when compared to the younger group.

Conclusions:
In the presence of noise, the lists were found to be equivalent in the young adults but was not in the older adults. A gender difference was absent in the younger adults but was present in the older listeners. The performance of the older listeners was consistently poorer compared to that of the younger listeners.
Emotional Intelligence and Self-Determined Behaviour Reduce Psychological Distress: Interactions with Resilience in Social Work Students in the UK
Authors: Bunce L , Lonsdale A J , King N , Childs J , Bennie R 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Social workers in the UK experience higher levels of burnout compared with other healthcare professionals, making it important to understand how they can develop resilience to protect themselves from psychological distress. The current study aimed to deepen our understanding of the psychological predictors of resilience, which include emotional intelligence, reflective ability, social competence, and empathy, using self-determination theory. This theory suggests that fulfilment of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness will support resilience and protect against distress. We expected these needs to explain additional variance in resilience and distress beyond other emotional and social competencies. Analysis of questionnaire data from 211 social work students in the UK provided partial support for these hypotheses. Autonomy, competence, and relatedness were significantly positively correlated with resilience, and hierarchical regression analysis revealed that they explained somewhat more variance in resilience than previous factors alone (p = 0.06). Autonomy, competence, and relatedness explained significantly more variance than previous factors alone in psychological distress, although only autonomy and competence correlated with less psychological distress. Unexpectedly, relatedness correlated with more psychological distress. Furthermore, resilience played a mediating role between key variables and psychological distress. Implications for supporting the development of resilience in social work students are discussed.
The past and future of the social sciences. A Schumpeterian theory of scientific development?
Authors: Lucarelli Stefano , Giuliani Alfonso , Baron Hervé 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe paper argues that Vergangenheit und Zukunft der Sozialwissenschaften (The Past and Future of the Social Sciences), a contribution not always well understood in the literature, is important to an understanding of Schumpeter’s concept of development as applied to the field of the social sciences. To this end, it addresses three key questions. First, can the book be taken as a starting point to reconstruct a Schumpeterian theory of scientific development? Second, is Vergangenheit und Zukunft merely ‘a brief outline of what first became the Epochen [der Dogmen- und Methodengeschichte] and finally the History of Economic Analysis’, as Elizabeth Boody Schumpeter wrote in her Editor’s Introduction (July 1952) to the latter work (p. XXXII), or should it be read as a complement to Epochen and perhaps the History? Third, is the eminent Japanese scholar Shionoya right to claim that Schumpeter’s work pursued the ambitious goal of developing a ‘comprehensive sociology’?
Locally different proteome in aortas from patients with stenotic tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valves†
Authors: Forte Amalia , Yin Xiaoke , Fava Marika , Bancone Ciro , Cipollaro Marilena , De Feo Marisa , Mayr Manuel , Jahangiri Marjan , Della Corte Alessandro 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to compare the intracellular proteome of ascending aortas from patients with stenotic bicuspid (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valves (TAV) to identify BAV-specific pathogenetic mechanisms of aortopathy and to verify the previously reported asymmetric expression of BAV aortopathy [concentrated at the convexity (CVX)] in its ‘ascending phenotype’ form.

METHODS
Samples were collected from the CVX and concavity sides of non-aneurysmal ascending aortas in 26 TAV and 26 BAV patients undergoing stenotic aortic valve replacement. Aortic lysates were subjected to cellular protein enrichment by subfractionation, and to proteome comparison by 2-dimensional fluorescence difference in-gel electrophoresis. Differentially regulated protein spots were identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and analysed in silico. Selected results were verified by immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS
In BAV samples, 52 protein spots were differentially regulated versus TAV samples at the CVX and 10 spots at the concavity: liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry identified 35 and 10 differentially regulated proteins, respectively. Charge trains of individual proteins (e.g. annexins) suggested the presence of post-translational modifications possibly modulating their activity. At the CVX, 37 of the 52 different protein spots showed decreased expression in BAV versus TAV. The affected biological pathways included those involved in smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype, metabolism and cell stress.

CONCLUSIONS
The observed differential proteomics profiles may have a significant impact on the pathogenesis of the aortopathy, pointing the way for further studies. At a preaneurysmal stage, an aorta with BAV shows more protein expression changes and potentially more post-translational modifications at the CVX of the ascending aorta than at the concavity, compared to that of TAV.
Safety and efficiency of a common and simplified protocol for pacemaker and defibrillator surveillance based on remote monitoring only: a long-term randomized trial (RM-ALONE)
Authors: García-Fernández Francisco Javier , Osca Asensi Joaquín , Romero Rafael , Fernández Lozano Ignacio , Larrazabal José María , Martínez Ferrer José , Ortiz Raquel , Pombo Marta , Tornés Francisco José , Moradi Kolbolandi Mehrard 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Aims
This trial aimed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of a common and simplified protocol for the surveillance of cardiac implantable electronic devices based on remote monitoring (RM) in patients with pacemakers (PMs) and implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) for at least 24 months.

Methods and results
The RM-ALONE is a multicentre prospective trial that randomly assigned 445 patients in two groups, both followed by RM: the home monitoring-only (HMo) based on RM + remote interrogations (RIs) every 6 months and the HM + IO that adds in-office evaluations every 6 months to RM. Four hundred and forty-five patients were enrolled in the study, 294 PMs and 151 ICDs recipients. In the HMo group, 20% of patients experienced ≥1 major adverse cardiac event (MACE) vs. 19.5% in HM + IO group (P = 0.006 for non-inferiority). The proportion of patients with a PM/ICD who experienced ≥1 MACE was 15.2/29.3% in HMo group and 16.1/26.3% in HM + IO group (hazard ratio 0.95/1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.53–1.70/0.62–2.10). There were 789 in-office evaluations (136 in the HMo and 653 in the HM + IO; P &lt; 0.001). There was a 79.2% reduction of in-office evaluations with no significant differences in unscheduled visits between groups: 122 (54.5%) in HMo and 101 (45.3%) in HM + IO; P = 0.15. The time a physician/nurse spent per patient/follow-up was significantly reduced in the HMo group: 4/5 min (0–30)/(1–30) vs. 10/10 min (0–40)/(1–40) in HM + IO (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
The RM-ALONE protocol common for ICD and PM surveillance, consisting of RM + RI every 6 months has proven safe and efficient in reducing hospital visits and staff workload.
A new analysis of a numerical method for the time-fractional Fokker–Planck equation with general forcing
Authors: Huang Can , Le Kim Ngan , Stynes Martin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFirst, a new convergence analysis is given for the semidiscrete (finite elements in space) numerical method that is used in Le et al. (2016, Numerical solution of the time-fractional Fokker–Planck equation with general forcing. SIAM J. Numer. Anal.,54 1763–1784) to solve the time-fractional Fokker–Planck equation on a domain $\varOmega \times [0,T]$ with general forcing, i.e., where the forcing term is a function of both space and time. Stability and convergence are proved in a fractional norm that is stronger than the $L^2(\varOmega )$ norm used in the above paper. Furthermore, unlike the bounds proved in Le et al., the constant multipliers in our analysis do not blow up as the order of the fractional derivative $\alpha $ approaches the classical value of $1$. Secondly, for the semidiscrete (L1 scheme in time) method for the same Fokker–Planck problem, we present a new $L^2(\varOmega )$ convergence proof that avoids a flaw in the analysis of Le et al.’s paper for the semidiscrete (backward Euler scheme in time) method.
Evaluating the Landscape of Clinical Research in Neurosurgery
Authors: Wilde Herschel W , Reese Jared C , Azab Mohammed A , Karsy Michael , Guan Jian , Rolston John D 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Many clinical trials and observational research never reach publication in peer-reviewed journals. Unpublished research results, including neutral study findings, hinder generation of new research questions, utilize healthcare resources without benefit, and may place patients at risk without benefit.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the publication of neurosurgery trials listed in ClinicalTrials.gov.

METHODS
Clinical neurosurgery research was identified by searching the registry and categorized by study type. Associated publications were identified on Pubmed.gov.

RESULTS
Among the 709 studies identified, spine (292, 41.2%) studies were most common, followed by tumor and cranial (each 114, 16.1%). Funding was predominantly private (482, 68.0%), followed by industry (135, 19.0%) and National Institutes of Health (9, 1.3%). A lower proportion of published studies (vs unpublished) received private funding in functional (33.3 vs 65.3%) and tumor (80.0 vs 68.7%). Only 104/464 (22.4%) studies had an associated publication. The mean time from listed study completion to first publication was 31.0 ± 27.5 mo. Most published studies had significant study differences between treatment arms (n = 72, 69.2%); studies with neutral findings were less likely to be published (n = 13, 12.5%). Surgical discipline (P = .1), funding source (P = .8), patient age (P = .4), planned enrollment (P = .1), phase of trial (P = .3), and study type (P = .2) did not affect publication rates. However, the interaction between study category and funding source significantly affected publication rate (P = .04, generalized linear model, R2 = 0.05). Publication timing (1-way analysis of variance, P = .5) and frequency (chi-square, P = .2) did not differ among disciplines.

CONCLUSION
Clinical trials and observational research in neurosurgery are often not published promptly, especially if results were nonsignificant or the trial had private funding.
Reserved Bed Program Reduces Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit Capacity Strain: An Implementation Study
Authors: Shank Christopher D , Erickson Nicholas J , Miller David W , Lindsey Brittany F , Walters Beverly C 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeurosciences intensive care units (NICUs) provide institutional centers for specialized care. Despite a demonstrable reduction in morbidity and mortality, NICUs may experience significant capacity strain with resulting supraoptimal utilization and diseconomies of scale. We present an implementation study in the recognition and management of capacity strain within a large NICU in the United States. Excessive resource demand in an NICU creates significant operational issues.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of a Reserved Bed Pilot Program (RBPP), implemented to maximize economies of scale, to reduce transfer declines due to lack of capacity, and to increase transfer volume for the neurosciences service-line.METHODSKey performance indicators (KPIs) were created to evaluate RBPP efficacy with respect to primary (strategic) objectives. Operational KPIs were established to evaluate changes in operational throughput for the neurosciences and other service-lines. For each KPI, pilot-period data were compared to the previous fiscal year.RESULTSRBPP implementation resulted in a significant increase in accepted transfer volume to the neurosciences service-line (P = .02). Transfer declines due to capacity decreased significantly (P = .01). Unit utilization significantly improved across service-line units relative to theoretical optima (P < .03). Care regionalization was achieved through a significant reduction in “off-service” patient placement (P = .01). Negative externalities were minimized, with no significant negative impact in the operational KPIs of other evaluated service-lines (P = .11).CONCLUSIONCapacity strain is a significant issue for hospital units. Reducing capacity strain can increase unit efficiency, improve resource utilization, and augment service-line throughput. RBPP implementation resulted in a significant improvement in service-line operations, regional access to care, and resource efficiency, with minimal externalities at the institutional level.
Pipeline for Distal Cerebral Circulation Aneurysms
Authors: Atallah Elias , Saad Hassan , Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Bekelis Kimon , Walker Jackson , Chalouhi Nohra , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Smith Michelle , Rosenwasser Robert H , Zarzour Hekmat , Herial Nabeel , Feghali James , Gooch Michael Reid , Missios Symeon , Sweid Ahmad , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Pipeline embolization device (PED; Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) utilization is not limited to the treatment of giant wide-necked aneurysms. It has been expanded to handle small blisters, fusiforms, and dissecting intracranial aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE
To report the use of the PED in various off-label distal cerebral circulation (DCC) arteries with a follow-up to assess clinical outcomes.

METHODS
Between 2011 and 2016, of 437 consecutive patients, 23 patients with aneurysms located in DCCs were treated with PED. Data on patient presentation, aneurysm characteristics, procedural outcomes, postoperative course, and aneurysm occlusion were gathered. To control confounding, we used multivariable logistic regression and propensity score conditioning.

RESULTS
A total of 437 patients (mean age 52.12 years; 62 women [14.2%]) underwent treatment with PED in our institution. Twenty-three of 437 (5.2%) received a pipeline in a distal artery: 11/23 middle cerebral artery, 6/23 posterior cerebral artery, 3/23 anterior cerebral artery (A1/A2, pericallosal artery), and 3/23 posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Twenty percent of the aneurysms were treated in the past, 10% had previously ruptured, and 5.9% ruptured at presentation to our hospital. The mean aneurysm size was 9.0 ± 6 mm. The mean follow-up was 12 mo (SD = 12.5). In multivariable logistic regression, no associations were found between PED deployment in DCCs and aneurysm occlusion or thromboembolic complications. PED use in DCC was associated with a good clinical outcome. Twenty-two people of 23 (95%) had a good clinical outcome in the latest follow-up.

CONCLUSION
Treatment of DCC aneurysms with PED is technically challenging mainly because of the small caliber and tortuosity of the parent arteries. The results of this study further support the safety of flow diverters in the treatment of various distal aneurysms.
European consensus-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of immunoglobulin A vasculitis—the SHARE initiative
Authors: Ozen Seza , Marks Stephen D. , Brogan Paul , Groot Noortje , de Graeff Nienke , Avcin Tadej , Bader-Meunier Brigitte , Dolezalova Pavla , Feldman Brian M. , Kone-Paut Isabelle , Lahdenne Pekka , McCann Liza , Pilkington Clarissa , Ravelli Angelo , van Royen Annet , Uziel Yosef , Vastert Bas , Wulffraat Nico , Kamphuis Sylvia , Beresford Michael W. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
IgA vasculitis (IgAV, formerly known as Henoch–Schönlein purpura) is the most common cause of systemic vasculitis in childhood. To date, there are no internationally agreed, evidence-based guidelines concerning the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of IgAV in children. Accordingly, treatment regimens differ widely. The European initiative SHARE (Single Hub and Access point for paediatric Rheumatology in Europe) aims to optimize care for children with rheumatic diseases. The aim therefore was to provide internationally agreed consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment for children with IgAV.

Methods
Recommendations were developed by a consensus process in accordance with the EULAR standard operating procedures. An extensive systematic literature review was performed, and evidence-based recommendations were extrapolated from the included papers. These were evaluated by a panel of 16 international experts via online surveys and subsequent consensus meeting, using nominal group technique. Recommendations were accepted when ⩾80% of experts agreed.

Results
In total, 7 recommendations for diagnosis and 19 for treatment of paediatric IgAV were accepted. Diagnostic recommendations included: appropriate use of skin and renal biopsy, renal work-up and imaging. Treatment recommendations included: the importance of appropriate analgesia and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use and non-renal indications for CS use, as well as a structured approach to treating IgAV nephritis, including appropriate use of CS and second-line agents in mild, moderate and severe disease along with use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and maintenance therapy.

Conclusion
The SHARE initiative provides international, evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of IgAV that will facilitate improvement and uniformity of care.
CO2conversion to methane and biomass in obligate methylotrophic methanogens in marine sediments
Authors: Yin Xiuran , Wu Weichao , Maeke Mara , Richter-Heitmann Tim , Kulkarni Ajinkya C. , Oni Oluwatobi E. , Wendt Jenny , Elvert Marcus , Friedrich Michael W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMethyl substrates are important compounds for methanogenesis in marine sediments but diversity and carbon utilization by methylotrophic methanogenic archaea have not been clarified. Here, we demonstrate that RNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) requires13C-labeled bicarbonate as co-substrate for identification of methylotrophic methanogens in sediment samples of the Helgoland mud area, North Sea. Using lipid-SIP, we found that methylotrophic methanogens incorporate 60 to 86% of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) into lipids, and thus considerably more than what can be predicted from known metabolic pathways (∼40% contribution). In slurry experiments amended with the marine methylotrophMethanococcoides methylutens, up to 12% of methane was produced from CO2, indicating that CO2-dependent methanogenesis is an alternative methanogenic pathway and suggesting that obligate methylotrophic methanogens grow in fact mixotrophically on methyl compounds and DIC. Thus, the observed high DIC incorporation into lipds is likely linked to CO2-dependent methanogenesis, which was triggered when methane production rates were low. Since methylotrophic methanogenesis rates are much lower in marine sediments than under optimal conditions in pure culture, CO2conversion to methane is an important but previously overlooked methanogenic process in sediments for methylotrophic methanogens.