bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public awareness of oral cancer among adults in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Wimardhani Yuniardini S. , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Subita Gus P. , Soegyanto Anandina I. , Pradono Siti A. , Patoni Nurfianti 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the awareness of oral cancer among adults in Jakarta, Indonesia, and explore the factors influencing it.MethodsA previously‐tested questionnaire on 1000 adults in Jakarta was used in the present study. The data included sociodemographic factors and answers to assess the awareness of oral cancer, early signs and symptoms, risks factors, lifestyles, and history of dental visits.ResultsOnly 53.2% of participants were aware of oral cancer. The level of awareness significantly differed by level of education, occupation, and experience of dental visits. Only 30% of patients had been asked about their tobacco and alcohol habits, and had been informed about the hazards of these by their dentists. All of the smokers knew that tobacco increased the risk for oral cancer. However, only a few participants considered alcohol, betel quid chewing, UV light exposure, poor diet, and genetics to play role in the development of oral cancer. Health warnings were the main source of information about oral cancer; the role of health professionals is still quite low and needs to be emphasized.ConclusionOral cancer awareness is still low among adults in Jakarta; this finding was consistent with other studies conducted in Asia. Educational material suited to particular communities is warranted.
Recent Parental Death and Relationship Qualities Between Midlife Adults and Their Grown Children
Authors: Kim Yijung , Kim Kyungmin , Boerner Kathrin , Birditt Kira S. , Zarit Steven H. , Fingerman Karen L. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThe death of a parent is considered a normative event in midlife, but little is known about how this loss could affect the relationship between bereaved middle‐aged adults and their grown children.BackgroundFamily systems theory postulates that the death of a family member can have a significant impact on the individual and other family members. The death of a parent is one of the most common types of loss in adulthood, which may signal a final transition into adulthood. The death of an older parent may lead to a reevaluation of one's own relationships with grown children.MethodBy using prospective data from the two waves of the Family Exchanges Study, the authors examined middle‐aged adults' experience of recent parental death and its impact on relationship qualities (i.e., negative, positive, ambivalent) with each of their grown children.ResultsWhen compared with the nonbereaved, bereaved participants who experienced the death of the last living parent reported increased positive relationship qualities with grown children. Among the bereaved participants, having more positive memories of the deceased parent was associated with decreased ambivalent relationship qualities with grown children.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the death of an older parent is a significant turning point in the life course and highlights the role of positive reflection in the context of intergenerational ties.
Sheathing the Sword: Augustine and the Good Judge
Authors: Ogle Veronica Roberts 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this article, I offer a reading of City of God 19.6 that is consonant with Augustine’s message to real judges. Often read as a suggestion that torture and execution are judicially necessary, I argue that 19.6 actually calls such necessities into question, though this is not its primary purpose; first and foremost, 19.6 is an indictment of Stoicapatheia. Situating 19.6 within Augustine’s larger polemic against the Stoics, I find that it presents the Stoic judge as a man who lacks fellow feeling, and therefore, has only a parodic happiness, costly to himself and those judges. A new look at Augustine’s letters to judges confirms this reading, and shows that, for Augustine, the man ofhumanitasis the true model for the good judge, not the man ofapatheia.
Hepatic leptospiral infections in dogs without obvious renal involvement
Authors: McCallum Katie E. , Constantino‐Casas Fernando , Cullen John M. , Warland James H. , Swales Harry , Linghley Niamh , Kortum Andre J. , Sterritt Alex J. , Cogan Tristan , Watson Penny J. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundReports of chronic hepatitis in dogs caused byLeptospiraspp. are confined to small case series. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allows the identification of spirochetes in liver samples. Consequently, this technique may help elucidate the role ofLeptospiraspp. in cases of chronic hepatitis.ObjectivesTo describe cases of hepatic leptospirosis in dogs diagnosed by FISH and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) speciation, with the absence of clinically relevant renal involvement.AnimalsTen client‐owned dogs.MethodsRetrospective case series from the University of Cambridge presented between 2013 and 2016 or cases consulted by telephone advice during this time period. Cases were selected based on histopathologically confirmed granulomatous hepatitis and leptospiral organisms identified by FISH and PCR speciation (Leptospira interrogans/kirschneri).ResultsAll cases had increased liver enzyme activities, and FISH in combination with PCR speciation‐confirmed infection withL. interrogans/kirschneri. Four dogs underwent repeat liver biopsy, FISH and PCR speciation 4‐15 months after initial presentation and doxycycline treatment with 1 dog undergoing repeat sampling at necropsy. Three dogs that underwent repeat biopsy remained positive forL. interrogans/kirschneriinfection. Six dogs were alive at the time of manuscript preparation and 4 dogs were euthanized as a result of progressive liver disease.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe presence of hepatic leptospiral organisms may be associated with chronic granulomatous hepatitis without clinical evidence of renal involvement. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the etiological role of these organisms in the disease.
Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens netE and netF toxin genes in the feces of dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome
Authors: Sindern Natalie , Suchodolski Jan S. , Leutenegger Christian M. , Mehdizadeh Gohari Iman , Prescott John F. , Proksch Anna‐Lena , Mueller Ralf S. , Busch Kathrin , Unterer Stefan 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundRecently, novel pore‐forming toxin genes designated netE and netF were identified in a Clostridium perfringens type A strain isolated from a dog with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea.ObjectivesPore‐forming toxins could play an important role in the disease pattern of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS) in dogs. Thus, we aimed to determine the prevalence of C. perfringens genes encoding for netE and netF in the feces of dogs with AHDS and to evaluate any association between selected clinical variables and the presence of these toxin genes.AnimalsIn total, 174 dogs were included in the study.MethodsFecal samples of all dogs were tested by real‐time polymerase chain reaction for netE and netF genes. Time to recovery, hospitalization time, and selected laboratory variables were compared between dogs with AHDS that were positive or negative for the toxin genes.ResultsA significant difference was found among the 3 groups in the prevalence of the pore‐forming toxin genes netE and netF: dogs with AHDS: 26 of 54 (48.1%); dogs with canine parvovirus (CPV) infection: 0 of 54 (0%); and healthy dogs: 8 of 66 (12.1%; P < .001). In dogs with AHDS, no significant difference was detected in any variables evaluated between netE‐positive and netF‐positive and netE‐negative and netF‐negative dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe prevalence of C. perfringens encoding for netE and netF is significantly higher in dogs with AHDS compared to control dogs. Further studies are warranted to evaluate whether these toxins are an inciting cause for AHDS in dogs.
Early HCV viral kinetics under DAAs may optimize duration of therapy in patients with compensated cirrhosis
Authors: Gambato Martina , Canini Laetitia , Lens Sabela , Graw Frederik , Perpiñan Elena , Londoño Maria‐Carlota , Uprichard Susan L. , Mariño Zoe , Reverter Enric , Bartres Concepcio , González Patricia , Pla Anna , Costa Josep , Burra Patrizia , Cotler Scott J. , Forns Xavier , Dahari Harel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsDetailed hepatitis C virus (HCV) kinetics modelling is scarce in patients with advanced liver disease receiving direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). Due to budget restrictions, patients and health systems would benefit from the shortest possible treatment course. We investigated whether modelling very early HCV kinetics in cirrhotic patients under DAAs therapy could be used to individualize care and reduce treatment duration to achieve cure.MethodsWe included 74 patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis who received interferon‐free treatments for 12‐24 weeks. HCV genotype, liver disease stage and treatment regimen were recorded. Viral load was determined prospectively at very frequent intervals until target not detected (TND, <15 IU/mL). A viral kinetic model was used to predict time to cure based on HCV clearance in extracellular body fluid (CL‐EF).ResultsSixty‐eight patients (92%) achieved cure. Thirteen (18%) had MELD ≥15, 35 (47%) were Child‐Pugh (CTP) ≥7. Median time to reach TND was 2 weeks (IQR: 1‐4 weeks). Modelling indicated an average DAAs efficacy in blocking viral production of ε = 99.1%. HCV half‐life (t1/2) was significantly shorter in patients with CTP <7, LSM <21 kPa or MELD <15 (1.5 vs 2.5 hours; P = 0.0057). The overall median CL‐EF was 5.6 weeks (4.1‐7.8). A CTP >7 and a LSM ≥21 kPa were significantly (P = 0.016) associated with longer CL‐EF.ConclusionsThe study provides insights into HCV dynamics during DAAs therapy in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Viral kinetics modelling suggests that treatment duration may be optimized in patients with compensated cirrhosis.
Effectiveness of programmes and interventions to support optimal breastfeeding among children 0–23 months, South Asia: A scoping review
Authors: Benedict Rukundo K. , Craig Hope C. , Torlesse Harriet , Stoltzfus Rebecca J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMost children in South Asia are breastfed at some point in their lives; however, many are not breastfed optimally, including the early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) within 1 hr of birth, avoidance of prelacteal feeds (APF), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for 6 months, and continued breastfeeding (CBF) up to 2 years of age or beyond. This review identifies and collates evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to support optimal breastfeeding in five countries in South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. A scoping review was conducted of peer‐reviewed and grey literature. The 31 eligible studies included randomized trials and quasi‐experimental designs that were conducted between 1990 and 2015. Data were collated regarding intervention design, characteristics, and effectiveness to support EIBF, APF, EBF, and CBF. Most studies reported a positive impact on breastfeeding outcomes, including 21/25 studies that examined EIBF, 15/19 studies that examined EBF, and 10/10 studies that examined APF. The only study that examined CBF reported no effect. Education, counselling, and maternal, newborn, and child health initiatives were common intervention types with positive effects on breastfeeding outcomes. Interventions were delivered in health facility, community, and home/family environments. Programmes and interventions that reached women and their families with repeated exposure and beginning during pregnancy were more likely to improve EIBF and EBF outcomes. Interventions with no impact on breastfeeding were characterized by short duration, irregular frequency, inappropriate timing, poor coverage, and targeting.
Facility size and mortality in hospital‐based and freestanding haemodialysis units: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yao Yen‐Hung , Chou Yiing‐Jenq , Huang Nicole 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAimExisting studies on the association between haemodialysis facility size/volume and patient survival are mostly limited to freestanding dialysis units in the United States. This study in Taiwan explored the facility size – mortality association in both hospital‐based and freestanding haemodialysis (HD) units.MethodsIn this nationwide population‐based retrospective cohort study, we used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to include patients who began maintenance (HD) between 2008 and 2012. Facility size was categorized according to the number of stations in the HD unit. The 5 years mortality rate was analyzed using a frailty model for Cox regression. The patients in hospital‐based and freestanding HD units were examined separately.ResultsAmong the 39 506 patients, 24 597 (62.3%) and 14 909 (37.7%) patients received HD in hospital‐based and freestanding facilities, respectively. After the 4th month of dialysis initiation, the 5 years survival rates of patients in hospital‐based and freestanding HD units were 50.7% and 52.3%, respectively. When patient and other facility characteristics were adjusted, patients in the smallest facility category (1–15 stations) showed the highest mortality risk (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.67) among all the patients treated in hospital‐based units. The patients treated in freestanding units with 1–15, 16–30 and 31–45 stations showed 31%, 33% and 36%, respectively, higher mortality risks than those of patients treated in units with more than 45 stations.ConclusionA small facility size was associated with an increased mortality risk in HD patients, and the threshold size was higher in freestanding units.
Modeling Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibitor‐mediated Enhancement of Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy Using 3D Mesothelioma Cell Culture
Authors: Cramer Gwendolyn , Shin Michael , Hagan Sarah , Katz Sharyn I , Simone Charles B. , Busch Theresa M. , Cengel Keith A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe have demonstrated that lung‐sparing surgery with intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) achieves remarkably extended survival for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Nevertheless, most patients treated using this approach experience local recurrence, so it is essential to identify ways to enhance tumor response. We previously reported that PDT transiently activates EGFR/STAT3 in lung and ovarian cancer cells and inhibiting EGFR via erlotinib can increase PDT sensitivity. Additionally, we have seen higher EGFR expression associating with worse outcomes after Photofrin‐mediated PDT for MPM, and the extensive desmoplastic reaction associated with MPM influences tumor phenotype and therapeutic response. Since extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins accrued during stroma development can alter EGF signaling within tumors, we have characterized novel 3D models of MPM to determine their response to erlotinib combined with Photofrin‐PDT. Our MPM cell lines formed a range of acinar phenotypes when grown on ECM gels, recapitulating the locally invasive phenotype of MPM in pleura and endothoracic fascia. Using these models, we confirmed that EGFR inhibition increases PDT cytotoxicity. Together with emerging evidence that EGFR inhibition may improve survival of lung cancer patients through immunologic and direct cell killing mechanisms, these results suggest erlotinib‐enhanced PDT may significantly improve outcomes for MPM patients.
The mKate fluorescent protein expressed by Leishmania mexicana modifies the parasite immunopathogenicity in BALB/c mice
Authors: Diupotex Mariana , Martínez‐Salazar María Berenice , Escalona‐Montaño Alma Reyna , Zamora‐Chimal Jaime , Salaiza‐Suazo Norma , Ruiz‐Remigio Adriana , Roldán‐Salgado Abigail , Aguirre‐García María Magdalena , Martínez‐Calvillo Santiago , Gaytán Paul , Becker Ingeborg 
Published: November 2018

SummaryParasites have been engineered to express fluorescent reporter proteins, yet the impact of red fluorescent proteins on Leishmania infections remains largely unknown. We analysed the infection outcome of Leishmania mexicana parasites engineered for the constitutive expression of mKate protein and evaluated their immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. Infection of BALB/c mice with mKate transfected L. mexicana (LmexmKate) parasites caused enlarged lesion sizes, leading to ulceration, and containing more parasites, as compared to LmexWT. The mKate protein showed immunogenic properties inducing antibody production against the mKate protein, as well as enhancing antibody production against the parasite. The augmented lesion sizes and ulcers, together with the more elevated antibody production, were related to an enhanced number of TNF‐α and IL‐1β producing cells in the infected tissues. We conclude that mKate red fluorescent protein is an immunogenic protein, capable of modifying disease evolution of L. mexicana.
Paediatric and adult bronchiectasis: Monitoring, cross‐infection, role of multidisciplinary teams and self‐management plans
Authors: Navaratnam Vidya , Forrester Douglas L. , Eg Kah Peng , Chang Anne B. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease associated with structurally abnormal bronchi, clinically manifested by a persistent wet/productive cough, airway infections and recurrent exacerbations. Early identification and treatment of acute exacerbations is an integral part of monitoring and annual review, in both adults and children, to minimize further damage due to infection and inflammation. Common modalities used to monitor disease progression include clinical signs and symptoms, frequency of exacerbations and/or number of hospital admissions, lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)% predicted), imaging (radiological severity of disease) and sputum microbiology (chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa). There is good evidence that these monitoring tools can be used to accurately assess severity of disease and predict prognosis in terms of mortality and future hospitalization. Other tools that are currently used in research settings such as health‐related quality of life (QoL) questionnaires, magnetic resonance imaging and lung clearance index can be burdensome and require additional expertise or resource, which limits their use in clinical practice. Studies have demonstrated that cross‐infection, especially with P. aeruginosa between patients with bronchiectasis is possible but infrequent. This should not limit participation of patients in group activities such as pulmonary rehabilitation, and simple infection control measures should be carried out to limit the risk of cross‐transmission. A multidisciplinary approach to care which includes respiratory physicians, chest physiotherapists, nurse specialists and other allied health professionals are vital in providing holistic care. Patient education and personalized self‐management plans are also important despite limited evidence it improves QoL or frequency of exacerbations.
Are We Adapting to Floods? Evidence from Global Flooding Fatalities
Authors: Miao Qing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere has been a growing interest in understanding whether and how people adapt to extreme weather events in a changing climate. This article presents one of the first empirical analyses of adaptation to flooding on a global scale. Using a sample of 97 countries between 1985 and 2010, we investigate the extent and pattern of flood adaptation by estimating the effects of a country's climatological risk, recent flood experiences, and socioeconomic characteristics on its flood‐related fatalities. Our results provide mixed evidence on adaptation: countries facing greater long‐term climatological flooding risks do not necessarily adapt better and suffer fewer fatalities; however, after controlling for the cross‐country heterogeneity, we find that more recent flooding shocks have a significant and negative effect on fatalities from subsequent floods. These findings may suggest the short‐term learning dynamics of adaptation and potential inefficacy of earlier flood control measures, particularly those that promote increased exposure in floodplains. Our findings provide important implications for climate adaptation policy making and climate modeling.
Spatiotemporal Auto-regressive Model for Origin–destination Air Passenger Flows
Authors: Kim Keunseo , Kim Vinnam , Kim Heeyoung 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe growth of the global airline network has increased the importance of modelling origin–destination air passenger flows for better operational planning and scheduling. Origin–destination air passenger flows are correlated both spatially and temporally because of spatial and temporal relationships of human behaviours and environments. However, most existing studies for modelling air passenger flows have assumed that these relationships are independent; few studies have considered either spatial or temporal dependences. To consider both, we develop a spatiotemporal auto-regressive model for monthly origin–destination air passenger flows. Benefitting from the special structure of a spatiotemporal dependence matrix, the model proposed can be extended to incorporate multi-dimensional auto-regressive coefficients for more flexible modelling. Its application to a real open access aviation data set demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model in forecasting monthly air passenger flows.
Nonlinear Schrödinger equations and the universal description of dispersive shock wave structure
Authors: Congy T. , El G.A. , Hoefer M.A. , Shearer M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation and the Whitham modulation equations both describe slowly varying, locally periodic nonlinear wavetrains, albeit in differing amplitude‐frequency domains. In this paper, we take advantage of the overlapping asymptotic regime that applies to both the NLS and Whitham modulation descriptions in order to develop a universal analytical description of dispersive shock waves (DSWs) generated in Riemann problems for a broad class of integrable and nonintegrable nonlinear dispersive equations. The proposed method extends DSW fitting theory that prescribes the motion of a DSW's edges into the DSW's interior, that is, this work reveals the DSW structure. Our approach also provides a natural framework in which to analyze DSW stability. We consider several representative, physically relevant examples that illustrate the efficacy of the developed general theory. Comparisons with direct numerical simulations show that inclusion of higher order terms in the NLS equation enables a remarkably accurate description of the DSW structure in a broad region that extends from the harmonic, small amplitude edge.