bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Priming: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine Scarring in Mothers Enhances the Survival of Their Child With a BCG Vaccine Scar
Authors: Berendsen Mike L T , Øland Christian Bjerregård , Bles Pauli , Jensen Aksel Karl Georg , Kofoed Poul-Erik , Whittle Hilton , de Bree L Charlotte J , Netea Mihai G , Martins Cesario , Benn Christine S , Aaby Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and HypothesisMaternal priming might enhance the beneficial nonspecific effects (NSEs) of live measles vaccination (MV). Children with a bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine scar have a lower mortality rate than those without a scar that is not explained by protection against tuberculosis. We examined the hypothesis that BCG scarring would have a stronger effect on a child if the mother also had a BCG scar.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of early MV in children aged 4.5 months, the BCG-scar status of the children and their mother were registered at enrollment at 4.5 months of age. The children were followed up until they were 36 months of age. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, we compared mortality rate ratios according to maternal and child BCG-scar status after adjusting for where the BCG vaccine was given (the national hospital or elsewhere). We censored for other interventions that have immunomodulating effects on child survival, including neonatal vitamin A supplementation and early MV.ResultsA total of 2213 children had not received neonatal vitamin A supplementation and early MV; 83% of these children and 44% of the mothers had a BCG scar. Children whose mother had a BCG scar were not more likely to have a BCG scar than those whose mother did not have a BCG scar (risk ratio, 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.98–1.05]). Among the children, having a BCG scar was associated with a 41% (95% CI, 5%–64%) lower mortality between the ages of 4.5 and 36 months. The reduction in mortality was 66% (95% CI, 33%–83%) if the mother also had a BCG scar but only 8% (95% CI, −83% to 53%) if the mother had no BCG scar (test of interaction, P = .04).ConclusionsMaternal BCG priming might be important for the effect of BCG vaccination on child survival. Ensuring better BCG vaccine scarring among mothers and children could have a considerable effect on child mortality levels.
BMAL1 knockout macaque monkeys display reduced sleep and psychiatric disorders
Authors: Qiu Peiyuan , Jiang Jian , Liu Zhen , Cai Yijun , Huang Tao , Wang Yan , Liu Qiming , Nie Yanhong , Liu Fang , Cheng Jiumu , Li Qing , Tang Yun-Chi , Poo Mu-ming , Sun Qiang , Chang Hung-Chun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Circadian disruption is a risk factor for metabolic, psychiatric and age-related disorders, and non-human primate models could help to develop therapeutic treatments. Here, we report the generation of BMAL1 knockout cynomolgus monkeys for circadian-related disorders by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of monkey embryos. These monkeys showed higher nocturnal locomotion and reduced sleep, which was further exacerbated by a constant light regimen. Physiological circadian disruption was reflected by the markedly dampened and arrhythmic blood hormonal levels. Furthermore, BMAL1-deficient monkeys exhibited anxiety and depression, consistent with their stably elevated blood cortisol, and defective sensory processing in auditory oddball tests found in schizophrenia patients. Ablation of BMAL1 up-regulated transcriptional programs toward inflammatory and stress responses, with transcription networks associated with human sleep deprivation, major depressive disorders, and aging. Thus, BMAL1 knockout monkeys are potentially useful for studying the physiological consequences of circadian disturbance, and for developing therapies for circadian and psychiatric disorders.
Acceleration of the tree method with a SIMD instruction set
Authors: Kodama Tetsushi , Ishiyama Tomoaki 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We have developed a highly tuned software library that accelerates the calculation of quadrupole terms in the Barnes–Hut tree code by using a SIMD instruction set on the x86 architecture, Advanced Vector eXtensions 2 (AVX2). Our code is implemented as an extension of the Phantom-GRAPE software library that significantly accelerates the calculation of monopole terms. If the same accuracy is required, the calculation of quadrupole terms can accelerate the evaluation of forces over using only monopole terms because we can approximate gravitational forces from closer particles by quadrupole moments rather than by only monopole moments. Our implementation can calculate gravitational forces about 1.1 times faster in any system than the combination of the pseudoparticle multipole method and Phantom-GRAPE. Our implementation allows simulating homogeneous systems up to 2.2 times faster than with only monopole terms; however, the speedup for clustered systems is not enough because the increase of approximated interactions is insufficient to negate the increased calculation cost by computing quadrupole terms. We have estimated that improvement in performance can be achieved by using a new SIMD instruction set, AVX-512. Our code is expected to be able to accelerate simulations of clustered systems up to 1.08 times faster in an AVX-512 environment than with only monopole terms.
Evaluation of Skeletal Maturity Using the Distal Femoral Physeal Central Peak Is Not Significantly Affected by Radiographic Projection
Authors: Knapik Derrick M. , Duong Mindy M. , Liu Raymond W. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Accurate estimation of skeletal maturity is important in several pediatric orthopaedic conditions. The current gold standard for estimating skeletal maturity using the Greulich and Pyle Bone Atlas is complex and shown to have significant interobserver variability. Recent data have shown peak height velocity to occur on average at 90% of final adult height, providing an improved gold standard to quantify skeletal maturity, facilitating the investigation of different skeletal maturity systems. Measurement of topographical changes to the developing distal femoral physis on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs allow for calculation of the central peak value (CPV), a quantitative method shown to provide accurate prediction of 90% of final adult height. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical tolerance of the CPV method to varying beam angles by comparing measurement reliability between AP radiographs of the knee versus standing hip-to-ankle leg-length radiographs.

Methods:
We searched our institution’s pediatric orthopaedic clinical database for skeletally immature patients evaluated with both standard AP radiographs of the knee as well as standing hip-to-ankle radiographs. Patients included female individuals aged 7 to 16 years and male individuals aged 7 to 18 years with both radiographs within 6 months. CPV was measured using a previously published method. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the level of agreement between observers in all available radiographs. CPVs between AP radiographs of the knee and standing hip-to-ankle radiographs were compared using a paired t test to determine if there is a significant difference between radiographic projection and sex.

Results:
A total of 78 subjects meeting appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified. intraclass correlation coefficient value was 0.873, indicating excellent interobserver reliability for CPV measurements. The mean time between radiographs was 0.30 years for male and 0.27 years for female patients. CPV values between the 2 radiographic projections were not significantly different in male (P=0.37), female (P=0.22) or male+female patients (P=0.17). CPV values were significantly higher in male patients on both AP radiographs (P<0.001) and standing hip-to-ankle radiographs (P<0.001) when compared with female patients.

Conclusions:
The CPV is a quick, quantitative method for estimating skeletal maturity. CPVs are not significantly different between standard AP radiographs of the knee versus standing hip-to-ankle leg-length radiographs, expanding the potential to utilize this method without the need for additional expense or radiation.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective comparative study.
Sleep Duration and Nocturnal Awakenings in Infants Born with Gestational Risk
Authors: Hysing Mari , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Markestad Trond , Elgen Irene , Sivertsen Børge 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Infants born with gestation-related risks (low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and prematurely born infants) are faced with a cascade of developmental issues. The aim of this study was to investigate whether infants with gestation-related risks have different patterns of parent-reported sleep duration and nocturnal awakenings than children without these risk factors.

Methods:
Information on sleep duration and nocturnal awakenings was obtained by parental report at age 6 and 18 months in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, which is a population-based longitudinal pregnancy cohort study conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Birth weight and gestational age were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Outcomes were related to birth weight, prematurity, and to being born SGA.

Results:
A total of 75,531 mother-child dyads were included. Compared with children without gestational risks, children born SGA and with LBW had shorter sleep duration, whereas children born prematurely had longer sleep duration at both time points. The infants born SGA and with LBW, but not the prematurely born children, had fewer nocturnal awakenings at 6 months, but all had more awakenings at 18 months.

Conclusion:
Infants with gestation-related risks show distinct sleep patterns. We suggest that sleep assessment is included in the follow-up of high-risk infants. Future studies are needed to investigate the predictive value and functional importance of the sleep patterns for infants with gestation-related risks.
Subcutaneous Prosthetic Breast Reconstructions following Skin Reduction Mastectomy
Authors: Komorowska-Timek Ewa , Merrifield Brittany , Turfe Zaahir , Davis Alan T. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Prepectoral prosthetic breast reconstruction is gaining popularity, offering muscle preservation and outcomes similar to subpectoral implant placement in small or moderate size breasts. This study compares the complications of prepectoral and subpectoral immediate prosthetic breast reconstructions following skin reduction mastectomy in large and ptotic breasts.

Methods:
All consecutive patients who underwent immediate tissue expander-based reconstruction following Wise pattern skin reduction mastectomy from November 2011 through August 2017 by a single surgeon were reviewed. The collected data included patient demographics and complications (eg, skin necrosis, hematoma, infection, seroma, implant loss, capsular contracture).

Results:
A total of 54 patients underwent 87 immediate breast reconstructions including 45 subpectoral and 42 prepectoral tissue expander placements. The subpectoral patients had greater body mass indexes (32.5 ± 6.6 versus 29.9 ± 5.4, P = 0.026), higher initial (518 ± 168 ml versus 288 ± 140 ml, P < 0.001) and final (694 ± 123 ml versus 585 ± 122 ml, P = 0.014) implant volumes, more skin flap necrosis (40.0% versus 16.7%, P = 0.044) and infections (37.8% versus 11.9%, P = 0.01) than their prepectoral counterparts, whereas seromas were more common in the prepectoral group (4.4% versus 26.2%, P = 0.015). The overall complication rate, although higher in the subpectoral group compared with the prepectoral group, was not significantly different (62.2% versus 40.5%, P = 0.072).

Conclusions:
Prepectoral tissue expander placement after skin reduction mastectomy is an appealing reconstructive option in patients with large and ptotic breasts. Prosthetic reconstruction following Wise-pattern skin reduction mastectomy is invariably associated with high complication rates irrespective of the plane of implant placement. Greater emphasis should be placed on patient counseling and complication prevention in this challenging patient population.
Dynamics of Face and Head Movement in Infants with and without Craniofacial Microsomia: An Automatic Approach
Authors: Hammal Zakia , Wallace Erin R. , Speltz Matthew L. , Heike Carrie L. , Birgfeld Craig B. , Cohn Jeffrey F. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital condition associated with malformations of the bone and soft tissue of the face and the facial nerves, all of which have the potential to impair facial expressiveness. We investigated whether CFM-related variation in expressiveness is evident as early as infancy.

Methods:
Participants were 113 ethnically diverse 13-month-old infants (n = 63 cases with CFM and n = 50 unaffected matched controls). They were observed in 2 emotion induction tasks designed to elicit positive and negative effects. Facial and head movement was automatically measured using a computer vision–based approach. Expressiveness was quantified as the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of 49 facial landmarks (eg, lip corners) and head pitch and yaw.

Results:
For both cases and controls, all measures of expressiveness strongly differed between tasks. Case–control differences were limited to infants with microtia plus mandibular hypoplasia and other associated CFM features, which were the most common phenotypes and were characterized by decreased expressiveness relative to control infants.

Conclusions:
Infants with microtia plus mandibular hypoplasia and those with other associated CFM phenotypes were less facially expressive than same-aged peers. Both phenotypes were associated with more severe involvement than microtia alone, suggesting that infants with more severe CFM begin to diverge in expressiveness from controls by age 13 months. Further research is needed to both replicate the current findings and elucidate their developmental implications.
Poly Implant Prothèse Silicone Breast Explants: Chemical Analysis of Silicone Gel and Implant Shell
Authors: Bachour Yara , Heinze Zavira , van Selms Gijs , Ritt Marco , Niessen Frank , Keizers Peter 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP) silicone breast implants were removed from the market between 2010 and 2012 because of the use of nonmedical grade silicone filler. The chemical and physico-chemical properties of PIP implants have been analyzed by several groups. In addition, our previous study illustrated that PIP implant shells were more permeable. Therefore, we analyzed the chemical composition of the envelope and gel of PIP silicone breast explants. Also, the composition of absorbed material into the implant was analyzed.

Methods:
This study was conducted on 3 PIP implants explanted from 2 patients. The envelope was analyzed using Raman microscopy, whereas the gel was analyzed using near-infrared spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Absorbed material was investigated with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Results:
The 3 implants appeared to be Rofil implants, and all implants displayed a yellow color. None of the envelope showed a barrier layer. Amounts of D4, D5, and D6 were found to be below 100 ppm. Water was found in all 3 implants and also proteins were absorbed into the implants.

Conclusions:
The current study shows that the analyzed implants originate from the manufacturer Rofil but have PIP1 hallmarks. Apparently, these are own brand labeling implants. The presence of water and proteins in the explants indicate exchange of small and large molecules into the explants, even in the implant with a visually intact envelope. Because of the PIP1 hallmarks of the Rofil implants, patients with such implants are advised to be counseled by their physicians.
LONG-TERM RESULTS OF AUTOLOGOUS RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM AND CHOROID TRANSPLANTATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF EXUDATIVE AND ATROPHIC MACULOPATHIES
Authors: Parolini Barbara , Di Salvatore Attilio , Pinackatt Sajish Joseph , Baldi Andrea , Besozzi Gianluca , Finzi Alessandro , Cardillo Daniele , Sallam Ahmed B. , Frisina Rino 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the long-term results of autologous retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid transplantation (RPE–choroid patch) for exudative and atrophic maculopathies.

Methods:
Consecutive chart review of 120 eyes, which underwent RPE–choroid patch, from 2007 to 2017 for RPE atrophy or choroidal neovascular membrane secondary to exudative and hemorrhagic age-related macular degeneration, myopia, angioid streaks, and laser. Eyes were tested with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), reading ability, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography, autofluorescence, and microperimetry.

Results:
Eighty-eight eyes of 84 patients had complete data, with 2- to 10-year follow-up. Mean age was 71.9 ± 9.06 years. Mean preoperative and postoperative BCVA was 20/320 (1.2 ± 0.2 logMAR) and 20/200 (0.94 ± 0.36 logMAR), respectively (P = 0.009). Reading ability recovered in 43% of cases. Microperimetry showed central fixation. A gain of at least 15 letters was obtained in 40% of eyes. Integrity (P = 0.009) of external limiting membrane and higher preoperative BCVA (P = 0.001) predicted better final BCVA. Complications were retinal detachment (11.4%), macular atrophy (7%), subretinal hemorrhage (4.5%), epiretinal membrane (4.5%), recurrent choroidal neovascular membrane (4.5%), macular hole (3.4%), and cystoid edema (3%).

Conclusion:
Autologous RPE–choroid patch achieved long-lasting BCVA improvement and central fixation, in eyes with choroidal neovascular membrane and intact external limiting membrane. Atrophic maculopathies only obtained temporary visual benefit.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY PREDICTORS OF SHORT-TERM VISUAL ACUITY IN EYES WITH MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION TREATED WITH INTRAVITREAL CONBERCEPT
Authors: Tang Fusheng , Qin Xiuhong , Lu Jianmin , Song Peng , Li Mingshu , Ma Xiang 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To identify the spectral domain optical coherence tomography predictors of visual prognosis in retinal vein occlusion macular edema after intravitreal conbercept injection.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study of 63 treatment-naive retinal vein occlusion macular edema eyes received pro re nata intravitreal conbercept with at least 3 months of follow-up. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography scans were recorded at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after starting therapy. On spectral domain optical coherence tomography, the following lesions in the 1-mm-wide retinal area centered on the fovea: disorganization of the retinal inner layer extent, cysts, hyperreflective foci, microaneurysms, external limiting membrane or ellipsoid zone disruption, foveal bulge, and foveal depression were evaluated by masked graders. Regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of BCVA at 1- and 3-month follow-up.

Results:
The thicker central subfield thickness, greater extent of external limiting membrane disruption, and presence of hyperreflective foci >20 at baseline were correlated with the worse baseline BCVA (all P < 0.05). The greater extent of external limiting membrane disruption and presence of hyperreflective foci >20 at baseline were associated with poorer BCVA during follow-up (all P < 0.05). The central subfield thickness and extent of ellipsoid zone disruption at baseline and their changes over time were correlated with the 3-month BCVA improvement (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, changes in the ellipsoid zone disruption extent or central subfield thickness after 1 month identified eyes with a high likelihood of subsequent BCVA improvement or decline.

Conclusion:
The external limiting membrane status and hyperreflective foci >20 at baseline could be good predictors for short-term visual outcome, whereas the central subfield thickness and ellipsoid zone status at baseline and their changes over time may predict visual improvement in patients with retinal vein occlusion macular edema after intravitreal conbercept injection.
Genetic pathway analysis reveals a major role for extracellular matrix organization in inflammatory and neuropathic pain
Authors: Parisien Marc , Samoshkin Alexander , Tansley Shannon N. , Piltonen Marjo H. , Martin Loren J. , El-Hachem Nehme , Dagostino Concetta , Allegri Massimo , Mogil Jeffrey S. , Khoutorsky Arkady , Diatchenko Luda 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Chronic pain is a debilitating and poorly treated condition whose underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Nerve injury and inflammation cause alterations in gene expression in tissues associated with pain processing, supporting molecular and cellular mechanisms that maintain painful states. However, it is not known whether transcriptome changes can be used to reconstruct a molecular pathophysiology of pain. In the current study, we identify molecular pathways contributing to chronic pain states through the analysis of global changes in the transcriptome of dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, brain, and blood in mouse assays of nerve injury– and inflammation-induced pain. Comparative analyses of differentially expressed genes identified substantial similarities between 2 animal pain assays and with human low-back pain. Furthermore, the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization has been found the most commonly regulated pathway across all tested tissues in the 2 animal assays. Examination of human genome-wide association study data sets revealed an overrepresentation of differentially expressed genes within the ECM organization pathway in single nucleotide polymorphisms most strongly associated with human back pain. In summary, our comprehensive transcriptomics analysis in mouse and human identified ECM organization as a central molecular pathway in the development of chronic pain.
A Student-Led, Multifaceted Intervention to Decrease Unnecessary Folate Ordering in the Inpatient Setting
Authors: Goetz Celine , Di Capua John , Lee Irene , Mei Rena , Narula Sukrit , Zarrin Sarah , Poeran Jashvant , Cho Hyung J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
To reduce unnecessary laboratory testing, a three-phase intervention was designed by students to decrease serum folate laboratory testing in the inpatient setting. These included an educational phase, a personalized feedback phase, and the uncoupling of orders in the electronic medical record. Average monthly serum folate ordering decreased by 87% over the course of the intervention, from 98.4 orders per month at baseline to 12.7 per month in the last phase of the intervention. In the segmented regression analysis, joint ordering of folate and vitamin B12 significantly decreased during the intervention (∆slope = −4.22 tests/month, p = .0089), whereas single ordering of vitamin B12 significantly increased (∆slope = +5.6 tests/month; p < .001). Our intervention was successful in modifying ordering patterns to decrease testing for a deficiency that is rare in the U.S. population.