bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Web‐based diabetes training program on diabetes‐related knowledge, attitudes, and skills of health professionals: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Karahan Okuroğlu Gülten , Ecevit Alpar Şule 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo determine the effect of a Web‐Based Diabetes Training Program (WB–DTP) on the diabetes‐related knowledge, attitudes, and skills of health professionals.MethodsThis was an experimental pretest–post‐test with a 1 month follow‐up study design that included a control group. The results of the power analysis suggested that 50 individuals with diabetes should be in both the intervention and the control groups. The WB–DTP was developed in accordance with the Effective Teaching Instruction Model.. Measures included the information form, Achievement Test (AT), Diabetes Attitudes Scale (DAS), and skill observation forms. The Wilcoxon's Signed Rank test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, and Friedman test were used to analyze group differences on these measures.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the AT post‐test and the follow‐up test scores of the intervention and control groups. No significant difference was present for the DAS post‐test and follow‐up scores between the intervention and control groups. A significant difference emerged on the Insulin Injection Skill Observation Form score between the intervention and control groups. In addition, there was a significant difference in the measurement level of blood glucose by the Glucometer Skill Observation Form between the intervention and control groups.ConclusionsAs a result, it was determined that the WB–DTP is effective in increasing the diabetes‐related knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals. However, the program was not adequate at increasing the diabetes‐related attitudes of health professionals.
Efficacy of a moisturizer containing a pseudo‐ceramide and a eucalyptus extract for Japanese patients with mild atopic dermatitis in the summer
Authors: Mori Katsura , Seki Tsuyoshi , Kaizu Kazuhiro , Takagi Yutaka , Miyaki Masahiro , Ishizaki Chiaki , Katayama Ichiro 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundSkin moisturizing is advocated to take care of the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, many patients stop using moisturizers in the summer because of excessive sweating and high humidity.ObjectivesTo examine the efficacy of a moisturizing gel containing a pseudo‐ceramide and a eucalyptus extract, which enhances epidermal ceramide synthesis of patients with mild AD in the summer.MethodsWe performed a single‐blinded 4‐week clinical trial of body care on 44 Japanese subjects who had mild AD. They had not applied any moisturizer on their body in the summer. Twenty‐seven subjects used the moisturizing gel containing a pseudo‐ceramide and a eucalyptus extract twice a day and the 17 other subjects did not use any moisturizer. Prior to and at the end of weeks 2 and 4, the skin conditions of each subject were evaluated.ResultsDuring the test period, the atmospheric temperature increased and skin dryness and scaling significantly improved with or without application of the moisturizing gel. However, the improvement in dryness of the treated group was significantly higher than that of the nontreated group. Erythema and itchiness were significantly improved only in the treated group. The skin hydration on the forearm increased significantly only in the treated group. Accompanying those improvements, the quality of life of the subjects, evaluated by Skindex‐16®, was significantly improved.ConclusionThe usage of a moisturizer containing a pseudo‐ceramide and a eucalyptus extract is effective for care of the skin of AD subjects even in the summer.
Sensitive scalp is associated with excessive sebum and perturbed microbiome
Authors: Ma Li , Guichard Alexandre , Cheng Ying , Li Jie , Qin Ou , Wang Xuemin , Liu Wei , Tan Yimei 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundSensitive scalp, one of the most frequent complaints among sensitive skin syndrome, has been described as abnormal and unpleasant sensory reactions of the scalp to environmental stimulus. However, the symptoms are usually objective and hard to diagnose.ObjectiveThis study aimed to reveal the biophysical properties and etiology of sensitive scalp.MethodsSixty‐two healthy female subjects were enrolled and divided into nonsensitive scalp (NS) and sensitive scalp (SS) groups according to questionnaires. Noninvasive instruments were used to measure biophysical properties. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry were introduced to quantify skin lipids profiles, and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the composition of bacteria.ResultsSensitive scalp showed elevated pH level, more irritated skin, and more fluorescence of porphyrins. Increased sebum production was found in SS group at occiput, among which free fatty acids, cholesteryl ester, and squalene were significantly in higher amount compared with NS. SS also had significantly higher percentage of Propionibacterium, and lower bacterial diversity.ConclusionsTaken together, sensitive scalp showed disrupted barrier function, abnormal sebum amount and composition, as well as perturbed microbiome, which might be the direct cause. Products targeting these features could be helpful for the treatment of sensitive scalp.
Harvested vs estimated follicular units in hair transplantation
Authors: Huang Yau‐Li , Lee Mei‐Ching , Chang Shyue‐Luen , Hu Sindy , Chang Chun‐Shin , Lin Ying‐Fang , Cheng Chun‐Yu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe follicular unit transplantation strip harvesting surgery is one of the gold standard methods of hair transplantation; the counting follicular unit ratio and hair density is a major step in donor site evaluation.AimsWe conducted the study for analyzing the preoperative donor site evaluation and comparison of the actual harvested and estimated follicular units in hair transplantation.Patients/MethodsIn this retrospective study, we enrolled 65 male patients with androgenetic alopecia who underwent follicular unit transplantation. Before the donor strip harvesting procedure, we counted the follicular unit density and calculated the percentage of each follicular unit. And then, we compared them to actual harvesting grafts.ResultThe number of actual harvested transplanted hairs (3162.22 ± 958.30) were less than estimated transplanted hairs (3319.25 ± 1007.86). Both the number and percentage of actual harvested 1‐hair follicular unit were more than estimated 1‐hair follicular unit. In contrast, the number and percentage of actual harvested 3‐hair follicular unit was less than estimated 3‐hair follicular unit. The follicular unit density was lower in older patients. Those received more than one session of hair transplantation tended to have lower follicular and hair density (P = 0.007 and 0.01, respectively). The scalp laxity was lower in older patients and those received multiple sessions of hair transplantation.ConclusionThe actual harvested grafts yield more 1‐hair follicular units and less 3‐hair follicular units than estimation. Old age and multiple sessions of hair transplantation caused more limitation of harvesting donor scalp.
Leaders’ achievement goals predict employee burnout above and beyond employees’ own achievement goals
Authors: Sijbom Roy B. L. , Lang Jonas W. B. , Anseel Frederik 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveBurnout has primarily been examined from an individual's perspective without taking the broader environmental context into account. The authors applied an integrative, multilevel perspective and investigated the influence of leaders’ motivational strivings on employee burnout. In two multisource studies, we investigated relationships between leaders’ achievement goals and employee burnout while controlling for employees’ own achievement goals.MethodStudy 1 consisted of 362 members and 72 leaders of the corresponding working groups. Study 2 consisted of 177 employees and 46 leaders of the corresponding working groups, and measurements were spaced apart in time. We also ran a model including the data of both Study 1 and Study 2.ResultsMultilevel analyses indicated that leaders’ mastery‐approach goals were negatively related to employee burnout above and beyond employees’ own achievement goals. Leaders’ performance‐approach goals were positively related to employee burnout in Study 1 and in the overall analysis combining Study 1 and Study 2.ConclusionsWe advance our understanding of the motivational etiology of burnout by examining the top‐down effects of leaders’ achievement goals on employee burnout over and above employees’ own achievement goals. In order to reduce burnout, organizations should take leaders’ achievement goals into account as an important contextual factor.
The Effect of Damage Cap Reforms on Medical Malpractice Insurance Market Conditions During Periods of Crises
Authors: Born Patricia H. , Karl J. Bradley , Montesinos‐Yufa Hugo 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT This article evaluates whether and how tort reform, specifically damage caps, stabilizes medical malpractice insurance markets. We examine state‐level medical malpractice insurance market performance in the United States for the period 1994–2010, a period characterized by a significant variation across states in their legal environments. First, we find that states with damage caps are less likely to have a crisis. Second, we find that the magnitude of crisis events is attenuated in states with damage caps, while the volatility of performance is not significantly different across states with and without damages caps. Finally, conditional on a state entering a crisis, we find that states with damage caps improve more quickly following the crisis than states without damage caps. Overall, our results suggest that damage caps stabilize medical malpractice insurance markets.
Government expenditure, external and domestic public debt, and economic growth
Authors: Le Van Cuong , Nguyen‐Van Phu , Barbier‐Gauchard Amélie , Le Duc‐Anh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between government expenditure, tax on returns to assets, public debt, and growth in an endogenous growth model. Public debt is composed of two components, domestic debt and external debt. We show conditions for existence, uniqueness, and multiplicity of the steady states. More precisely, existence of steady state requires a sufficiently high productivity and a sufficiently low tax on returns to assets. We also provide the effects of an increase in the tax rate on returns to assets on the steady state. In particular, the relation between public spending and the tax rate has a bell shape. Domestic debt unambiguously increases with tax whereas external debt displays an inverted U‐shaped curve. A high tax rate leads to a reallocation of public debt in favor of domestic debt (to the detriment of external debt). The effect of taxation on consumption (and production) also displays a nonlinear pattern when the output elasticity of capital is lower than unity (the effect is monotonously increasing if this elasticity is unity). We also derive the conditions under which a tax increase can boost or reduce the balanced growth rate.
A national scoping survey of standard infusions in paediatric and neonatal intensive care units in the United Kingdom
Authors: Oskarsdottir Thorunn , Harris David , Sutherland Adam , Wignell Andrew , Christiansen Nanna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to explore the use of standard concentration infusions for intravenous infusions (SCI) in paediatric and neonatal units in the United Kingdom (UK). This included how many units use SCI, variation and overlap in concentrations, devices in use for administration and how the infusions were provided.

Methods
Paediatric and neonatal units in the UK were surveyed using a self-administered web-based survey tool. Respondents were accessed through professional networks over a one-month period in summer 2016.

Key findings
Thirty-one units (40%) used SCI. Twenty-one units provided information on presentation and administration of SCI. Forty-six medicines were used as SCI with 143 different concentrations. ‘Smart’ pump technology was most commonly used in the administration of SCI, and SCI were predominantly prepared by nurses in the near-patient setting.

Conclusions
The majority of paediatric and neonatal units in the UK used traditional weight-based methods for IV infusions and only 40% of responding units had established SCI. This local implementation of SCI resulted in a wide variation of presentations and concentrations and thus there is no true ‘standardisation’. Further research should be conducted on harmonising these SCI across neonatal and paediatric care to facilitate adoption across all units.
Comparative evaluation of four triterpenoid glycoside saponins of bacoside A in alleviating sub-cellular oxidative stress of N2a neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Bhardwaj Pragya , Jain Chakresh Kumar , Mathur Ashwani 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To examine the neuroprotective property of triterpenoid glycoside saponins of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. bacoside A and its components against H2O2-induced oxidative stress on neuronal (N2a) cells.

Methods
The cytoprotective effects of individual bacoside A components were evaluated towards oxidative stressed neuronal cells. Bacoside A was screened for neuronal cell viability (MTT assay) and change in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), anti-apoptotic properties and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) using fluorescence microscopy.

Key findings
Different bacoside A components showed decrease in N2a cell viability below 100 (%) after bacoside A concentration of 0.4 mg/ml. Further, cytoprotective effect of optimized dose of bacoside A was analysed for alleviating oxidative stressed, apoptosis and MMP in H2O2 stressed neuronal cells. Results showed increase in MMP, and decrease in apoptotic induction, without much change in nuclear integrity in stressed neuronal cells. Results showed bacoside A3 and bacopaside II have comparatively higher cytoprotective ability whilst isomer of bacopasponin C, bacopasaponin C and mixture showed comparatively less response.

Conclusions
Amongst four different bacoside A components, bacoside A3 and bacopaside II showed comparatively higher neuroprotective response analysed as higher cell viability and decreased intracellular ROS, suggesting better regulation of cyto-(neuronal) protection of N2a cells.
Morphological characterization of para‐ and proinflammatory neutrophil phenotypes using transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Borenstein Alon , Fine Noah , Hassanpour Siavash , Sun Chunxiang , Oveisi Morvarid , Tenenbaum Howard C. , Glogauer Michael 
Published: August 2018

Background and ObjectiveBacterial challenge is constant in the oral cavity. To contain the commensal biofilm, partly activated neutrophils are continuously recruited as part of a normal physiologic process, without exposing the host to the harmful effect of a fully active neutrophil response. This intermediate immune state has been termed para‐inflammation, as opposed to the fully activated proinflammatory state in oral disease. Directly visualizing these cells and their components via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enhances our understanding of neutrophil activation state differences in oral health and disease, as obtained from molecular studies.The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the para‐inflammatory phenotype displayed by oral neutrophils in health, and compare it to the morphology of the naïve blood neutrophil, and the proinflammatory oral neutrophils in chronic periodontitis. This morphology was characterized by differences in granule content, phagosome content and cytoplasm and nuclear changes. We also examined the morphological changes induced in naïve neutrophils, which were stimulated in vitro by bacteria, and in oral neutrophils in full tissue samples in vivo.Material and MethodsNeutrophils were isolated from blood and saliva samples of patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals. The cells were viewed under TEM and analyzed in imaging software examining granularity, cytoplasm density, euchromatin amount in the nucleus and phagosome content. A separate cohort of blood neutrophils was incubated with Streptococcus oralis and analyzed under TEM in the same manner. Gingival tissue samples were obtained from patients with chronic periodontitis and viewed under TEM, with the neutrophils present analyzed in the same manner.ResultsThe proinflammatory cells showed less granulation, lighter cytoplasm and higher amount of nuclear euchromatin. These changes were accentuated in the proinflammatory oral chronic periodontitis neutrophils compared to the para‐inflammatory oral health neutrophils. The oral chronic periodontitis neutrophils also contained more phagosomes and had more phagosomes containing undigested bacteria. These changes were partially reproduced in the naïve blood cells after exposing them to S. oralis. The neutrophils in the gingival tissues displayed naïve morphology when viewed in the blood vessels and gradually showed proinflammatory morphological changes as they traveled through the connective tissue into the epithelium.ConclusionOral neutrophils display morphological changes consistent with partial or full activation, corresponding to their para‐ or proinflammatory states. These changes can also be induced in naïve cells by incubating them with commensal bacteria. Neutrophils change their morphology towards an activated state as they travel through the gingival tissue.
Identity Development and Integration of Religious Identities in Gender and Sexual Minority Emerging Adults
Authors: Scroggs Barrett , Miller Jason M. , Stanfield M. Hunter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGender and sexual minority (GSM) individuals have been neglected in emerging adulthood research. Further research is needed to understand the seemingly contradictory religious and GSM identities of emerging adults. This study looks at the associations of identity development and identity integration with religious and GSM group activities and well‐being. Identity visibility (outness) is associated with increases in GSM group activity and well‐being. Religious group activity is also associated with increases in well‐being. Religious group activity mediates the relationship between identity integration and well‐being. Implications for practitioners working with GSM individuals dealing with issues of identity integration are discussed.
Local Religious Subcultures and Generalized Social Trust in the United States
Authors: Marshall Joey , Olson Daniel V. A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUsing multilevel analyses of 21,193 General Social Survey respondents nested within 256 metropolitan areas and counties, we find that individuals’ willingness to trust others is strongly related to the denominational make‐up of geographic areas. The percent of evangelical Protestants in the population negatively predicts individual‐level generalized trust, while percent mainline Protestant and percent Catholic positively predict trust. The effect sizes of these results are large and robust to statistical controls, and they hold even among nonmembers of the religious groups; for instance, “percent evangelical” predicts lower trust even among nonevangelicals. Black Protestant population share initially appears to predict lower trust, but the association disappears after adjusting for racial residential segregation. Following a longstanding theoretical tradition in the sociology of religion, we argue that the religious characteristics of places—not just individuals—shape local subcultures in ways that affect a broad range of behaviors, attitudes, and values such as generalized trust.
Efficacy of pentamidine analogue 6 in dogs with chronic atrial fibrillation
Authors: Szatmári Viktor , Ji Yuan , Herwijnen Bianca van , Feng Mei , Wang Michael Zhou , Bossu Alexandre , van der Heyden Marcel A. G. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThe inward rectifier inhibitor pentamidine analogue 6 (PA‐6) is effective in cardioversion of goats with persistent rapid pacing induced atrial fibrillation (AF) and is not proarrhythmic in dogs with experimental chronic 3rd‐degree AV block. Efficacy and safety in the clinical setting are unknown.HypothesisThat PA‐6 would be effective in converting AF to sinus rhythm (SR) in dogs with naturally occurring AF, without the presence of overt adverse effects.AnimalsTen client‐owned large and giant breed dogs.MethodsAnimals with persistent or permanent AF were recruited for our prospective study. PA‐6 was administered IV as a bolus of 2.5 mg/kg 10 min−1 followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.04 mg/kg min−1 for a maximum of 50 minutes in conscious dogs. Standard 6 lead limb ECG was recorded during the infusion. Visible and audible signs of adverse effects were scored during the entire procedure.ResultsPA‐6 did not induce changes in QRS duration (54.7 ± 4.6 versus 56.7 ± 6.1 ms, P = .42), QTc interval (241.1 ± 19.5 versus 258.7 ± 19.8 ms, P = .061) or RR interval (363.4 ± 84.6 versus 440.8 ± 96.3 ms, P = .072) at the end of the bolus. No cardioversion to SR was observed in any dog. Three dogs displayed no adverse effects. Five dogs had premature ventricular depolarizations during PA‐6 infusion on the ECG. Respiratory distress with laryngeal stridor, subtle muscle twitching, and mild generalized muscular weakness were noncardiac adverse effects observed in 5 dogs. Adverse effects resolved spontaneously.Conclusions and Clinical importanceChronic naturally occurring AF in large and giant breed dogs could not be cardioverted to SR by PA‐6.
Echocardiographic evaluation of velocity ratio, velocity time integral ratio, and pulmonary valve area in dogs with pulmonary valve stenosis
Authors: Nishimura Satoko , Visser Lance C. , Bélanger Catherine , Oldach Maureen S. , Gunther‐Harrington Catherine T. , Stern Joshua A. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundVelocity ratio, velocity time integral (VTI) ratio, and pulmonary valve area indexed to body surface area (iPVA) are methods of assessment of pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) severity that are less dependent on blood flow. Studies evaluating these methods are limited.ObjectivesTo determine the effects of butorphanol, atenolol, and balloon valvuloplasty (BV) on velocity ratio, VTI ratio, iPVA, mean PG, and max PG.AnimalsTwenty‐seven dogs with PS (max PG >50 mm Hg).MethodsProspective study. All dogs underwent an echocardiogram at baseline, 5‐minutes after administration of butorphanol (0.2‐0.25 mg/kg IV), and 2‐to‐4 weeks after atenolol (1‐1.5 mg/kg q12h). Twenty‐one of these were evaluated 24‐hours after BV.ResultsThere were no significant differences (P > .05) amongst any of the methods of assessment of PS severity after butorphanol. After atenolol, mean (SD) of mean (57.0 [21.0] mm Hg) and max PG (93.1 [33.8] mm Hg) were significantly decreased (P ≤ .047) compared with baseline (65.2 [26.2] mm Hg and 108 [44.4] mm Hg, respectively). After atenolol, there were no significant (P ≥ .12) differences in velocity ratio (0.29 [0.09]), VTI ratio (0.18 [0.05]), or iPVA (0.43 [0.16] cm2/m2) compared with baseline (0.30 [0.09], 0.19 [0.09], 0.44 [0.17] cm2/m2, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAtenolol might reduce mean and max PG but does not alter less flow‐dependent methods of assessment of PS severity (velocity ratio, VTI ratio, and iPVA) in dogs with PS. Results support an integrative approach to assessment of PS severity that includes less flow‐dependent methods, particularly in states of altered flow or right ventricular function.