bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring a Data‐Driven Approach to Identify Regions of Change Associated With Future Climate Scenarios
Authors: Labe Zachary M. , Delworth Thomas L. , Johnson Nathaniel C. , Cooke William F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA key consideration for evaluating climate projections is uncertainty in future radiative forcing scenarios. Although it is straightforward to monitor greenhouse gas concentrations and compare observations with specified climate scenarios, it remains less obvious how to detect and attribute regional pattern changes with plausible future mitigation scenarios. Here we introduce a machine learning approach for linking patterns of climate change with radiative forcing scenarios and use a feature attribution method to understand how these linkages are made. We train a neural network using output from the SPEAR Large Ensemble to classify whether temperature or precipitation maps are most likely to originate from one of several potential radiative forcing scenarios. Despite substantial atmospheric internal variability, the neural network learns to identify “fingerprint” patterns, including significant localized regions of change, that associate specific patterns of climate change with radiative forcing scenarios in each year of the simulations. We illustrate this using output from additional ensembles with sharp reductions in future greenhouse gases and highlight specific regions (in this example, the subpolar North Atlantic and Central Africa) that are critical for associating the new simulations with changes in radiative forcing scenarios. Overall, this framework suggests that explainable machine learning could provide one strategy for detecting a regional climate response to future mitigation efforts.
Integrated Water Management Under Different Water Rights Institutions and Population Patterns: Methodology and Application
Authors: Gharib Ahmed A. , Arabi Mazdak , Goemans Christopher , Manning Dale T. , Maas Alexander 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile numerous studies have investigated demand management policies as a means of mitigating the impacts of climate change and population growth, little attention has been given to the interaction of spatial population patterns and water institutions that affect water shortages. In this article, we develop a methodology to evaluate how population location under alternative water institutions and climate scenarios impacts water demands, shortages, and derived economic values. We apply this methodology to the South Platte River Basin (SPRB) in Northeastern Colorado under three scenarios with ∼1,800 simulations. Results suggest that while water rights institutions have a negligible impact on total volumetric shortages relative to climate change, they have substantial distributional and economic implications. Results also suggest that continuous population growth in upstream cities yields the lowest water shortages if per capita use decreases with urbanization. However, if we assume that per capita demands do not decrease with population density, an equal distribution of population to upstream and downstream regions yields the lowest water shortage and highest economic value. These findings indicate the need that planning efforts must account for return flows and development patterns throughout a watershed in order to reduce water shortages and promote economic prosperity.
Binary vector copy number engineering improves Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
Authors: Szarzanowicz Matthew J. , Waldburger Lucas M. , Busche Michael , Geiselman Gina M. , Kirkpatrick Liam D. , Kehl Alexander J. , Tahmin Claudine , Kuo Rita C. , McCauley Joshua , Pannu Hamreet , Cui Ruoming , Liu Shuying , Hillson Nathan J. , Brunkard Jacob O. , Keasling Jay D. , Gladden John M. , Thompson Mitchell G. , Shih Patrick M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe copy number of a plasmid is linked to its functionality, yet there have been few attempts to optimize higher-copy-number mutants for use across diverse origins of replication in different hosts. We use a high-throughput growth-coupled selection assay and a directed evolution approach to rapidly identify origin of replication mutations that influence copy number and screen for mutants that improve Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (AMT) efficiency. By introducing these mutations into binary vectors within the plasmid backbone used for AMT, we observe improved transient transformation of Nicotiana benthamiana in four diverse tested origins (pVS1, RK2, pSa and BBR1). For the best-performing origin, pVS1, we isolate higher-copy-number variants that increase stable transformation efficiencies by 60–100% in Arabidopsis thaliana and 390% in the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. Our work provides an easily deployable framework to generate plasmid copy number variants that will enable greater precision in prokaryotic genetic engineering, in addition to improving AMT efficiency.
A study of some psychological variables as predictors of COVID-19 vaccination anxiety among Faculty Members of Ain Shams University
Authors: Al Baseer Nashwa Abdel Monem , Shaheen Hayam Saber 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the relative contribution of each of psychasthenia, psychological flexibility, suggestibility, and conspiracy beliefs in predicting the anxiety of vaccination with the anti COVID-19 vaccine among faculty members at Ain Shams University (ASU). Examining the difference in the sample’s scores on the vaccination anxiety scale and its sub-factors according to the variables (age—chronic diseases—academic specialization—previous infection with COVID-19—gender), the sample of the study included 139 faculty members at Ain Shams University aged ranged from 23 to 78 years, with a mean of 49.52 years, and a standard deviation of 13.29 years. The vaccination anxiety scale, psychasthenia scale, psychological flexibility scale, suggestibility scale, and conspiracy beliefs scale were used to collect data. The results revealed that the variables of suggestibility and conspiracy beliefs significantly contribute to predicting the vaccination anxiety among faculty members at Ain Shams University. There is a significant difference in the average scores on the vaccination anxiety scale according to age, with the difference in favor of the age group less than fifty years, as well as according to the presence/absence of a previous infection with COVID-19, with the vaccination anxiety being higher for those who were previously infected. There has been no observed significant difference according to the presence/absence of chronic diseases or academic specialization.
Coal-straw co-digestion-induced biogenic methane production: perspectives on microbial communities and associated metabolic pathways
Authors: Khan Sohail , Deng Ze , Wang Bobo , Yu Zhisheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study assessed the impacts of wheat straw as a cosubstrate on coal biocoverion into methane and the associated mechanism within methane metabolic pathways. Co-digestion of coal with varying wheat straw concentrations resulted in a remarkable (1246.05%) increase in methane yield compared to that of the control (CK). Moreover, microbial analysis revealed a uniform distribution of Methanosarcinaceae (51.14%) and Methanobacteriaceae (39.90%) in the co-digestion of coal and wheat straw (CWS1) at a ratio of 3:1 (w/w) compared to other treatments such as coal and wheat straw (CWS2) at a ratio of 3:0.5. In addition, Hungatieclostridiaceae and Rhodobacteriaceae were abundant in both co-digesters, whereas the bacterial communities in the CK group were significantly different and more abundant than those in the Peptostreptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae groups. The key enzymes related to methanogenic metabolic pathways, including EC: 1.2.99.5 and EC: 2.1.1.86 (facilitating the conversion of CO2 into methane), and EC:1.12.98.1 exhibited significant abundance within CWS1. Aromatic compounds such as 4-(2-chloroanilino)-4-oxobutanoic acid and phthalic acid were substantially more abundant in CWS1 and CWS2 than in CK, indicating the increased bioavailability of coal to microbial activities. This novel approach demonstrates that wheat straw co-digestion with coal during anaerobic digestion modulates microbial communities and their metabolic pathways to enhance methane production from complex substrates such as coal.
Imprinted habitat selection varies across dispersal phases in a raptor species
Authors: Orgeret Florian , Kormann Urs G. , Catitti Benedetta , Witczak Stephanie , van Bergen Valentijn S. , Scherler Patrick , Grüebler Martin U. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNatal Habitat Preference Induction (NHPI) plays a significant role in shaping settlement decisions in dispersive animals. Despite its importance, limited research has explored how NHPI varies during natal dispersal phases and across different types of natal habitats. In this study, we examined NHPI in 77 GPS-tagged juvenile red kites (Milvus milvus) originating from different natal habitats along an elevational gradient in Switzerland. We applied individual-based step selection analysis to investigate habitat selection from independence to settlement. We found that during the prospecting phase, individuals predominantly selected habitats similar to their natal environments. However, this pattern changed in the settlement phase: individuals fledged from habitats at higher elevations or closer to urban areas mostly avoided similar habitats (negative NHPI), while those from areas with more farmlands or pastures (combined with forests) showed a preference for similar habitats (positive NHPI). Moreover, the magnitude and individual variation in NHPI differed depending on the natal habitat types from which individuals originated. These findings highlight that strength, direction, and individual variation in NHPI differ between natal habitat types and dispersal phases. Natal habitats therefore can have pervasive legacy effects on subsequent habitat selection, likely affecting population and range dynamics.
Prevalence of molecular markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from West Africa during 2012–2022
Authors: Zhou Ruimin , Li Suhua , Ji Penghui , Ruan Shucheng , Liu Ying , Yang Chengyun , Qian Dan , He Zhiquan , Wang Dan , Lu Deling , Zhang Hongwei , Deng Yan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is a key drug recommended by the World Health Organization for the chemoprevention of malaria. However, the strategy is affected by the parasite resistance to SP. This study evaluated Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (Pfdhps) genes, associated with SP resistance, from 508 P. falciparum isolates imported from West African countries to Henan Province, China, during 2012–2022. High mutant prevalence of the genes Pfdhfr (94.7%) and Pfdhps (96.8%) was observed. The mutants Pfdhfr N51I, C59R, S108N, and Pfdhps A437G were at high frequency in all countries analyzed. The overall prevalence of the mutant Pfdhps K540E was low (3.4%), but with a high frequency in Liberia (24.3%). The frequency of mutants Pfdhps I431V, A581G, and A613S was 11.7%, 9.8%, and 16.2%, respectively, all of which had the highest mutant prevalence in Nigeria. The mutant Pfdhps A581G and A613S were identified in the absence of K540E. The partially resistant haplotype (I51R59N108 - G437) was the most common (72.6%), and the fully resistant haplotype (I51R59N108 - G437E540) had a low prevalence of 3.4% and mainly occurred in Liberia. No super resistant haplotype was identified. The mutant Pfdhps I431V and the octuple mutant haplotype I51R59N108 - V431A436G437G581S613 deserve more attention. In areas of high SP resistance, the intervention still reduces low birthweight and maternal anaemia. SP should continue to be used in areas of high SP resistance until more effective alternatives for malaria chemoprevention are found. It is important to continuously monitor the molecular markers associated with SP resistance to better implement intermittent preventive treatment policies in pregnancy (IPTp) and infants (IPTi).
A supervised machine learning model to select a cost-effective directional drilling tool
Authors: Nour Muhammad , Elsayed Said K. , Mahmoud Omar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the increased directional drilling activities in the oil and gas industry, combined with the digital revolution amongst all industry aspects, the need became high to optimize all planning and operational drilling activities. One important step in planning a directional well is to select a directional tool that can deliver the well in a cost-effective manner. Rotary steerable systems (RSS) and positive displacement mud motors (PDM) are the two widely used tools, each with distinct advantages: RSS excels in hole cleaning, sticking avoidance and hole quality in general, while PDM offers versatility and lower operating costs. This paper presents a series of machine learning (ML) models to automate the selection of the optimal directional tool based on offset well data. By processing lithology, directional, drilling performance, tripping and casing running data, the model predicts section time and cost for upcoming wells. Historical data from offset wells were split into training and testing sets and different ML algorithms were tested to choose the most accurate one. The XGBoost algorithm provided the most accurate predictions during testing, outperforming other algorithms. The beauty of the model is that it successfully accounted for variations in formation thicknesses and drilling environment and adjusts tool recommendations accordingly. Results show that no universal rule favors either RSS or PDM; rather, tool selection is highly dependent on well-specific factors. This data-driven approach reduces human bias, enhances decision-making, and could significantly lower field development costs, particularly in aggressive drilling campaigns.
Achieving sustainable performance: synergistic effects of nano-silica and recycled expanded polystyrene in lightweight structural concrete
Authors: Ahmed Sabry A. , Ebrahem Esraa , El-Feky M. S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLightweight concrete, particularly polystyrene concrete, has been extensively utilized in civil engineering for decades. The incorporation of waste expanded polystyrene (EPS) as a filler material in the production of lightweight concrete presents significant advantages from a circular economy perspective. Prior research indicates that increasing the proportion of lightweight aggregates, such as EPS, typically results in reductions in strength and bulk density. The utilization of substantial amounts of EPS waste in the formulation of structural polystyrene concrete is crucial for advancing sustainable construction practices. This study investigates the effects of varying nano-silica content on the bulk density, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and water penetration depth of structural polystyrene concrete. Concrete specimens were prepared by substituting 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of sand with EPS waste, while evaluating nano-silica contents of 0.75%, 1%, and 1.25%. The findings reveal that increasing the volume fraction of EPS corresponds to a decrease in the concrete’s bulk density. This research provides critical insights into optimizing structural lightweight concrete, thereby promoting advancements in sustainable construction applications.
Pinus koraiensis essential oil enhances glucose uptake and proliferation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Kim Hyungkuen , Lee Hwan Myung , Kim Sung-Jo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAromatherapy using essential oils (EOs) is well known for its beneficial effects on mental health and neuroprotection. However, the significant molecular mechanisms have not yet been identified. Recent studies have identified a decrease in glucose uptake as a common feature across various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive autophagy. This suggests that glucose may serve not only as an energy source but also as a therapeutic target for NDDs. Using SH-SY5Y neuroblast-like cells and the glucose uptake inhibitor BAY-876, we demonstrated that glucose depletion promoted autophagy. To discover the potential therapeutics that modulate glucose metabolism, we obtained EO from Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. (PKSZ) using steam distillation. PKSZ-EO upregulated mRNA expression of SLC2A2, SLC2A3, and SLC2A4, leading to increased glucose uptake in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, PKSZ-EO protected SH-SY5Y cells from BAY-876-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, cytostasis, autophagy, and inflammation. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we confirmed the high levels of α-pinene, an inducer of GLUT4 expression, in PKSZ-EO. These results suggest that PKSZ-EO exerts a protective effect against glucose depletion stress, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for NDDs.
Complexity and weak integration promote the diversity of reef fish oral jaws
Authors: Burns M. D. , Satterfield D. R. , Peoples N. , Chan H. , Barley A. J. , Yuan M. L. , Roberts-Hugghis A. S. , Russell K. T. , Hess M. , Williamson S. L. , Corn K. A. , Mihalitsis M. , Wainwright D. K. , Wainwright P. C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMajor trade-offs often manifest as axes of diversity in organismal functional systems. Overarching trade-offs may result in high trait integration and restrict the trajectory of diversification to be along a single axis. Here, we explore the diversification of the feeding mechanism in coral reef fishes to establish the role of trade-offs and complexity in a spectacular ecological radiation. We show that the primary axis of variation in the measured musculo-skeletal traits is aligned with a trade-off between mobility and force transmission, spanning species that capture prey with suction and those that bite attached prey. We found weak or no covariation between about half the traits, reflecting deviations from the trade-off axis. The dramatic trophic range found among reef fishes occurs along the primary trade-off axis, with numerous departures that use a mosaic of trait combinations to adapt the feeding mechanism to diverse challenges. We suggest that morphological evolution both along and independent of a major axis of variation is a widespread mechanism of diversification in complex systems where a global trade-off shapes major patterns of diversity. Significant additional diversity emerges as systems use weak integration and complexity to assemble functional units with many trait combinations that meet varying ecological demands.
Identifying T-cell clubs by embracing the local harmony between TCR and gene expressions
Authors: Zou Yiping , Luo Jiaqi , Chen Lingxi , Wang Xueying , Liu Wei , Wang Ruo Han , Li Shuai Cheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractT cell receptors (TCR) and gene expression provide two complementary and essential aspects in T cell understanding, yet their diversity presents challenges in integrative analysis. We introduce TCRclub, a novel method integrating single-cell RNA sequencing data and single-cell TCR sequencing data using local harmony to identify functionally similar T cell groups, termed ‘clubs’. We applied TCRclub to 298,106 T cells across seven datasets encompassing various diseases. First, TCRclub outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in clustering T cells on a dataset with over 400 verified peptide-major histocompatibility complex categories. Second, TCRclub reveals a transition from activated to exhausted T cells in cholangiocarcinoma patients. Third, TCRclub discovered the pathways that could intervene in response to anti-PD-1 therapy for patients with basal cell carcinoma by analyzing the pre-treatment and post-treatment samples. Furthermore, TCRclub unveiled different T-cell responses and gene patterns at different severity levels in patients with COVID-19. Hence, TCRclub aids in developing more effective immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer and infectious diseases.
CO insertion enabled γ-C(sp3)–H heteroarylative carbonylation of tertiary alcohols via heteroaryl migration
Authors: Qi Xin , Wang Yuanrui , Wu Xiao-Feng 
Published: November 2024

A carbonylative γ-C(sp3)–H functionalization of alcohols via migration of heteroaryl groups to produce 1,4-diketones has been developed.
A novel carrier index M‐ary differential chaos shift keying modulation scheme
Authors: Sun Yu‐Xuan , Meng Zhu , Yang Hua , Jiang Guo‐Ping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo obtain better spectral efficiency and higher bit rate, a novel carrier index M‐ary differential chaos shift keying modulation scheme is proposed. In this system, part of subcarriers is assigned to the chaotic reference so that it can carry extra data bits through carrier index modulation, while one of the remaining subcarriers is activated to transmit the data‐bearing signal. In addition, M‐ary DCSK modulation is also applied to data‐bearing signals based on the constellation theory and Walsh codes. Theoretical bit error rate expressions are derived over the multipath Rayleigh fading and additive white Gaussian noise channels. Simulations and comparisons are performed with various combinations of chaotic sequence lengths, subcarrier numbers and constellation sizes. Results show that the proposed scheme can outperform other counterparts in both spectral efficiency and bit error rate performances.
Resilience assessment of power transmission system during wildfire disasters considering spread process
Authors: Shu Shengwen , Xiao Nan , Cao Shiyun , Xu Jun , Fang Caoying , Xie Wenbing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLarge‐scale wildfires can significantly reduce the air gap insulation resistance of high‐voltage transmission lines and cause chain tripping incidents. To assess the resilience of the power transmission system during wildfire, this paper proposes a resilience assessment framework for transmission system that considers the entire process of wildfire disaster. Firstly, a wildfire spread model, considering multiple influencing factors, is developed based on the cellular automaton. Based on the air gap breakdown mechanism during wildfires, the trip‐out probability of transmission lines is calculated, and various failure scenarios are obtained by using the Monte Carlo sampling. Secondly, considering the geographical location of failures, maintenance personnel schedules and restoration time, a power transmission system restoration model is established. Thus, a resilience assessment method for power transmission system during wildfire disasters is proposed. Finally, IEEE RTS‐79 transmission system is taken as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed resilience assessment method. The results show that the proposed method can effectively calculate the wildfire spread tendency and transmission line's trip‐out probability. Furthermore, three typical resilience improvement measures are quantitatively analysed, which provides a quantifiable reference for the power sector to formulate prevention and recovery strategies for extreme wildfire disasters.