bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lacrimal Diversion Devices (Sinopsys Lacrimal Stent): Sharing our Experience with Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Polyposis
Authors: Baptista Peter , Garaycochea Octavio , Prieto-Matos Carlos , Alperi Marta Alvarez de Linera , Alcalde Juan 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent pathology in our society. Due to the prevalence of this condition and to the persisting symptoms despite an appropriate medical treatment, surgical techniques are often required. Lately, minimal invasive techniques have been described, such as lacrimal diversion devices (LDDs). This technique offers a fast and convenient choice for delivery of sinus irrigation and topical medication.
Objective We aimed to describe our experience with LDDs and evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the procedure in patients with moderate to severe CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) and persistent symptomatology despite medical therapy.
Methods A total of 7 patients underwent bilateral lacrimal stents placement in the operating room. A retrospective observational study was conducted. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20) survey was performed and the score obtained was compared before and 1 month after the procedure.
Results The LDDs were used for an average of 80 days. During the follow-up, only three patients had a mild complication with the device (granuloma in the punctum, obstruction, and early extrusion). The mean baseline SNOT-20 score dropped significantly (p = 0.015) from 25.85 to 11.57 (mean: - 14.29) 1 month after the procedure.
Conclusion According to our experience and results, the use of LDD is a novel, feasible, and less invasive technique to treat refractory CRS. It reduces the risk of mucosal stripping, provides short-term outcomes, and the surgical procedure does not require advanced training in endoscopic sinus surgery. Moreover, it can be performed in-office under local anesthesia or sedation.
Consistent Technique Limits Suspension Laryngoscopy Complications
Authors: Larner Sean P. , Fornelli Rick A. , Griffith Shane D. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Suspension laryngoscopy (SL) is a commonly performed procedure among otolaryngologists. Several studies have shown that adverse effects occur regularly with SL.
Objective To evaluate the postoperative complications of SL, and to determine if protecting the dentition and the oral mucosa and limiting suspension times decrease the overall incidence of oral cavity and pharyngeal complications of SL.
Methods All of the cases of SL performed by 1 surgeon from November 2008 through September 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. A consistent technique for dental and mucosal protection was utilized, and suspension times were strictly limited to 30 consecutive minutes. The incidence of postoperative complications was calculated and analyzed with respect to gender, smoking status, dentition, laryngoscope type, and suspension system.
Results A total of 213 consecutive SL cases were reviewed, including 174 patients (94 male, 80 female). The overall postoperative complication rate was of 3.8%. Four patients experienced tongue-related complications, two experienced oral mucosal alterations, one had a dental injury, and one experienced a minor facial burn. The complication incidence was greater with the Zeitels system (12.5%) compared with the Lewy suspension system (3.3%), although it was not significant (p = 0.4). Likewise, the association of complications with other patient factors was not statistically significant.
Conclusion Only 8 out of 213 cases in the present series experienced complications, which is significantly less than the complication rates observed in other reports. Consistent and conscientious protection of the dentition and of the oral mucosa and limiting suspension times to 30 minutes are factors unique to our series that appear to reduce complications in endolaryngeal surgery.
Outcomes of Tongue Base Reduction and Lingual Tonsillectomy for Residual Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea after Adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Ulualp Seckin 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Upper airway obstruction at multiple sites, including the velum, the oropharynx, the tongue base, the lingual tonsils, or the supraglottis, has been resulting in residual obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (TA). The role of combined lingual tonsillectomy and tongue base volume reduction for treatment of OSA has not been studied in nonsyndromic children with residual OSA after TA.
Objective To evaluate the outcomes of tongue base volume reduction and lingual tonsillectomy in children with residual OSA after TA.
Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted to obtain information on history and physical examination, past medical history, findings of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), of polysomnography (PSG), and surgical management. Pre- and postoperative PSGs were evaluated to assess the resolution of OSA and to determine the improvement in the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (oAHI) before and after the surgery.
Results A total of 10 children (5 male, 5 female, age range: 10–17 years old, mean age: 14.5 ± 2.6 years old) underwent tongue base reduction and lingual tonsillectomy. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) revealed airway obstruction due to posterior displacement of the tongue and to the hypertrophy of the lingual tonsils. All of the patients reported subjective improvement in the OSA symptoms. All of the patients had improvement in the oAHI. The postoperative oAHI was lower than the preoperative oAHI (p < 0.002). The postoperative apnea-hypopnea index during rapid eye movement sleep (REM-AHI) was lower than the preoperative REM-AHI (p = 0.004). Obstructive sleep apnea was resolved in children with normal weight. Overweight and obese children had residual OSA. Nonsyndromic children had resolution of OSA or mild OSA after the surgery.
Conclusions Tongue base reduction and lingual tonsillectomy resulted in subjective and objective improvement of OSA in children with airway obstruction due to posterior displacement of the tongue and to hypertrophy of the lingual tonsils.
Utility of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Acute Acoustic Trauma: 20 years' Experience at the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force Undersea Medical Center
Authors: Oya Morihiko , Tadano Yutaka , Takihata Yasuhiro , Ikomi Fumitaka , Tokunaga Tetsuji 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Acute acoustic trauma, which is a kind of sensorineural hearing loss, is caused by acoustic overstimulation. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is reported to be effective against acute acoustic trauma.
Objective We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of HBOT against acoustic hearing loss based on our 20 years of experience with such cases.
Methods Patients who were treated with HBOT for acute acoustic trauma between April 1997 and August 2017 were evaluated in this study. Thirty-five patients with a mean age of 25.7 ± 9.2 (range: 16–48) years were included. Thirty-nine out of 70 ears (35 patients) were damaged. We investigated the initial level of hearing loss; the extent to which hearing recovered; subjective symptoms, such as tinnitus and aural fullness; and the treatment administered.
Results The planned HBOT was completed in 37 of 39 ears. Twenty-six of the 37 ears (70.2%) displayed improved hearing, and 31 of the 37 ears (83.9%) exhibited symptom improvement. Twenty-three (76.7%) and 26 (86.7%) of the 30 ears treated with steroids demonstrated improvements in hearing and subjective symptoms, respectively.
Conclusion A combination of HBOT and steroids should be considered as a treatment for acute acoustic trauma in cases involving symptoms such as tinnitus and aural fullness.
Study of Sigmoid Sinus Variations in the Temporal Bone by Micro Dissection and its Classification – A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Singh Anup , Irugu David Victor Kumar , Sikka Kapil , Verma Hitesh , Thakar Alok 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Sigmoid sinus (SS) variations have been classified variously in the literature. These classifications suffer from some form of shortcoming from a clinical point of view for their application.
Objective We propose a clinically relevant classification of the SS in relation to the posterior semicircular canal (PSCC) and to the exposure of the presigmoid dural plate. The positioning of the SS was analyzed with reference to the volume of the mastoid and to the level of mastoid pneumatization.
Methods A total of 94 formalin-preserved human cadaveric temporal bones were microdissected to carry out a complete mastoidectomy. The SS, the presigmoid dural plate, and the PSCC were exposed, and the position of the former was analyzed in relation to the latter two in order to classify the position of the SS into three grades.
Results Grade I had the best exposure of the presigmoid dura and of the PSCC, while grade III had the poorest exposure of the presigmoid dura and of the PSCC. Grade I SS was associated with good pneumatization and higher mastoid volumes compared with grades II and III.
Conclusions The SS exhibits considerable anatomic variability. A favorable positioning of the SS is associated with a large mastoid volume and pneumatization. A careful preoperative study of the imaging may help in understanding the positioning of the SS and the safety of various transmastoid approaches.
Treatment of Laryngeal Granulomas
Authors: Martins Regina Helena Garcia , Dias Norimar Hernandes , Soares Carlos Segundo Paiva , Gramuglia Andrea Cristina Joia 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Laryngeal granulomas are benign, recurrent lesions of many causes (reflux, voice abuse, intubation, and idiopathic), which renders its treatment difficult.
Objective To describe our experience in the treatment of laryngeal granulomas.
Methods From 16 medical records of the patients with laryngeal granulomas seen between 2010 and 2017 in a university hospital, the following data were analyzed: age, gender, vocal and gastroesophageal symptoms, vocal overuse, intubation, treatments, videolaryngoscopy before and after the treatment.
Results Gender: female, 10; male, 6. Age: between 20 and 60 years old (11). Etiology of the granulomas: intubation (9), reflux (4), idiopathic (3). The initial treatments adopted in all cases were: inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate 100 µg 12/12 hours (1 month), proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole 40 mg/day (2 months), and dietary and voice education. After this period, 10 patients (7 postintubation, 3 idiopathic) were submitted to surgery, since no improvements in the symptoms or in the lesions were seen. Of these, two recurred, requiring a second surgery, one of which recurred six times and received botulinum toxin A. Only one patient with granulomas due to laryngopharyngeal reflux presented no improvement in the symptoms nor in the lesion after the pharmacological treatment and had been submitted to microsurgery. All of the other patients with reflux granulomas were successfully treated with the drug treatment, and the longest treatment time for complete remission of the symptoms and of the lesions was 9 months.
Conclusions In laryngeal granulomas caused by reflux, treatment with inhaled steroids and proton pump inhibitors proved to be effective, although prolonged. In postintubation and idiopathic granulomas, surgery was the best treatment.
Laryngeal and Vocal Characterization of Asymptomatic Adults With Sulcus Vocalis
Authors: Soares Alex Bruno , Moares Bruno Teixeira de , Araújo Ana Nery Barbosa de , de Biase Noemi Grigoletto , Lucena Jonia Alves 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Sulcus vocalis is defined as a longitudinal depression on the vocal cord, parallel to its free border. Its most marked characteristic is breathlessness, caused by incomplete glottal closure, in addition to roughness, due to the decrease in mucosal wave amplitude of the vocal cords. Vocal acoustic aspects, such as fundamental voice frequency, jitter, and shimmer, may also be altered in individuals with this type of laryngeal disorder. To assess the voice of individuals with sulcus vocalis, studies generally include a sample of subjects with vocal symptoms, excluding asymptomatic persons. To better characterize the vocal characteristics of individuals with sulcus vocalis, their asymptomatic counterparts must also be included.
Objective Characterize the larynx and voice of asymptomatic adults with sulcus vocalis.
Method A total of 26 adults, 13 with sulcus vocalis (experimental group) and 13 without (control group) were assessed. All the participants were submitted to suspension microlaryngoscopy, voice self-assessment, auditory perception and acoustic evaluation of the voice.
Results Among the individuals with sulcus vocalis, 78% of the sulci were type I and 22% type II. Auditory perception assessment obtained statistically significant lower scores in individuals with sulcus vocalis compared with the control group, and a slight difference in the overall degree of hoarseness and roughness. No statistically significant intergroup diferences were found in self-reported voice or acoustic assessment.
Conclusion Type I was the predominant sulcus vocalis observed in individuals without voice complaints, who may also exhibit slight changes in vocal quality and roughness.
Influence of Masticatory Behavior on Muscle Compensations During the Oral Phase of Swallowing of Smokers
Authors: Silva Gabriela Rodrigues da , Rech Rafaela Soares , Vidor Deisi Cristina Gollo Marques , Santos Karoline Weber dos 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Chewing and swallowing are physiologically interconnected functions, which share motor structures and supranuclear regions of the central nervous system (CNS), involving a sensorimotor synchrony.
Objective To analyze the influence of masticatory behavior on muscular compensations in the oral phase of swallowing in smokers compared with nonsmokers.
Methods A cross-sectional study comparing smokers and nonsmokers composed of 24 participants in each group. The aspects of food crunching, masticatory pattern, masticatory speed, atypical muscular contractions, and lip closure were analyzed during mastication. In swallowing, aspects of contraction of the orbicular and mental muscles, head movement and presence of deglutition, mastication, smoking, and of stomatognathic system of residues after swallowing were characterized.
Results Statistically significant differences were identified between the study groups related to food grinding pattern, masticatory velocity, and mental contraction during swallowing. There was no significant association between masticatory function and compensations during swallowing.
Conclusion Differences were observed in the pattern of chewing and swallowing in smokers compared with nonsmokers, but no influence of masticatory performance was observed in the presence of muscle compensations during the oral phase of swallowing.
Reconciling material cultures in archaeology with genetic data requires robust cultural evolutionary taxonomies
Authors: Riede Felix , Hoggard Christian , Shennan Stephen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe analysis of ancient genomes is having a major impact on archaeological interpretations. Yet, the methodological divide between these disciplines is substantial. Fundamentally, there is an urgent need to reconcile archaeological and genetic taxonomies. However, traditional archaeological taxonomies are problematic because they are epistemologically weak and often laden with undue assumptions about past ethnicity and demography—they are a hindrance rather than a help in such a reconciliation. Eisenmann and colleagues have recently tackled this issue, offering a palette of potential solutions that circumvents traditional archaeological culture labels. We welcome renewed attention to nomenclature but take issue with such recent work that favours systems of taxonomic assignment for genomic groups that either do not include archaeological information at all or retain traditional cultural taxonomic categories. While superficially pragmatic, these administrative solutions do not address the substantive issues that the topic raises. We here present the argument that the only analytically viable solution to aligning genetic and cultural nomenclature is to conceptualise material culture as underwritten by a system of information transmission across generations that has similar structural properties to the genetic system of information transmission. This alignment facilitates the use of similar analytical protocols and hence allows for a true parallel analysis. Once culture change is also understood as an evolutionary process, a wealth of analytical methods for reconciling archaeological and genetic clusters becomes available.
Gene-edited stem cells enable CD33-directed immune therapy for myeloid malignancies
Authors: Borot Florence , Wang Hui , Ma Yan , Jafarov Toghrul , Raza Azra , Ali Abdullah Mahmood , Mukherjee Siddhartha 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Acute myeloid leukemia is a disease that lacks effective therapies, especially in postremission patients. Immunotherapies directed against a lineage-specific antigen (LSA), such as CD33 has demonstrated on-target effects on AML cells but is limited by toxicities because normal myeloid cells and hematopoietic progenitors also express CD33. Here we show that genetically ablating CD33 in human stem/progenitor cells, using Cas9/guide RNA mediated strategies, enables immunotherapy against leukemias using anti-CD33 CAR-T or antibody therapy. We model a postremission human marrow with minimal residual leukemic disease in mice and show effective clearance of acute myeloid leukemia and the reconstitution of the CD33-deleted human graft, enabling future clinical studies. This study presents an approach to treat myeloid leukemias and could be extended to other cancers and other antigens.
PSD-95 binding dynamically regulates NLGN1 trafficking and function
Authors: Jeong Jaehoon , Pandey Saurabh , Li Yan , Badger John D. , Lu Wei , Roche Katherine W. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
PSD-95 is a key scaffolding protein that is localized to the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses where it regulates a wide variety of receptors, channels, and signaling molecules. However, the role of PSD-95 binding to the cell adhesion molecules, neuroligins, has been less clear. We now report that PSD-95 specifically regulates NLGN1 among the various neuroligin isoforms. In addition, we characterize a dynamic interaction between NLGN1 and PSD-95 that is regulated by the phosphorylation of NLGN1 by PKA. Phosphorylation on S839 of NLGN1 blocks PSD-95 binding, reduces surface and synaptic expression of NLGN1, and inhibits NLGN1-mediated enhancement of excitatory synaptic transmission.
Adverse organogenesis and predisposed long-term metabolic syndrome from prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter
Authors: Wu Guoyao , Brown Jacob , Zamora Misti L. , Miller Alyssa , Satterfield M. Carey , Meininger Cynthia J. , Steinhauser Chelsie B. , Johnson Gregory A. , Burghardt Robert C. , Bazer Fuller W. , Li Yixin , Johnson Natalie M. , Molina Mario J. , Zhang Renyi 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Although exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy is linked to high risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term postnatal health, limited mechanistic data exist to assess these impacts under controlled exposure conditions. Here we show that maternal exposure to ultrafine ammonium sulfate aerosols impacts prenatal and postnatal organogenesis in offspring and predisposes metabolic syndrome in adult life. Our animal model reveals increased stillbirths; reduced gestation length and birth weight; increased concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids in plasma; enhanced lipid accumulation in the liver; and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation of aorta. Understanding the impacts and elucidating the underlying mechanisms for maternal PM exposure are essential in developing strategies to reduce adverse health effects on conceptus/postnatal growth and development.
Analysis of phototoxin taste closely correlates nucleophilicity to type 1 phototoxicity
Authors: Du Eun Jo , Ahn Tae Jung , Sung Hwajin , Jo HyunJi , Kim Hyung-Wook , Kim Seong-Tae , Kang KyeongJin 
Published: May 2019

SignificanceLight-absorbing pigments undergo chemical changes via excitation of electrons. The electron excitation may generate reactive chemicals such as free radicals, and eventually reactive oxygen species, causing tissue damage like sunburn. Such pigments able to exert toxic effects on light illumination are regarded as phototoxins. Despite advances of our chemical knowledge on phototoxicity, the prediction of intrinsic pigment phototoxicity has been limited. Our study shows that the insect chemical receptor called Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is able to discern intrinsic phototoxins among pigments, for which TRPA1 needs the capability of sensing nucleophiles, chemical compounds with strong electron-donating tendency. Accordingly, understanding insect chemical receptor TRPA1 leads to the discovery of nucleophilicity as a chemical signature of intrinsic phototoxicity.
“You keep telling us different things, what do we believe?”
Authors: Musolff Andreas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuotation and reflective interpretation of previous statements are common features in police interviews. Of particular importance is the uncovering of apparent contradictions between earlier and current responses in interviews of suspects. Conflicting statements can be used by officers as triggers to elicit new responses that explain inconsistencies. In linguistic pragmatics, such reflective commenting on utterances is categorised as metacommunication, i.e. ‘communication about communication’, which includes metarepresentation, i.e. second-order representation of another representation through some form of quotation. Such instances of metacommunication are key instances of negotiating the communicative interests of its chief participants, which in suspect interviews consist on the one hand in the interviewers’ purpose of establishing grounds for a potential criminal charge and, on the other hand, the interviewee’s interest in avoiding such a charge. This article analyses exemplary cases of metacommunication in multilingual police interviews from the perspective of quotation pragmatics. The results suggest that police interview training should pay special attention to this area in order to optimise cognitive results.
“Would it be fair to say that you actively sought out material?”
Authors: Pablos-Ortega Carlos de 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of investigative interviews is to gather comprehensive and reliable information from suspects, offenders, victims and witnesses through questioning. Research on questioning during police interviews has mainly explored question types and question approaches when interviewing adults and children. This paper is concerned with so far unexplored aspects of police interviewing, that is the employment of mitigating and aggravating linguistic devices in questions and statements and their pragmatic effects. The corpus consists of six police interviews with suspects of crime. Mitigation and aggravation strategies were extracted and a total of eighty-two instances were found, analysed and classified into a categorisation taxonomy which was designed to ascertain the types and functions of mitigation and aggravation devices. The findings reveal that more mitigation than aggravation strategies were used in police questioning and statements during the interviews. Mitigation was found to be used not only as a device for alleviating or attenuating, but also as a strategy to build rapport between suspects and police officers.