bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-month Outcomes of Wavefront-guided LASIK for Low to Moderate Myopia With the VISX STAR S4 Laser in 32,569 Eyes
Authors: Schallhorn Steven C. , Venter Jan A. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To determine the safety and efficacy of wavefront-guided LASIK for the correction of low to moderate myopia, as performed by surgeons employed by Optical Express, a large corporate provider.

Methods:
Data were extracted from the Optical Express central database on 22,900 patients (42,143 eyes) who underwent primary LASIK to treat low to moderate myopia and/or astigmatism. All treatments used a wavefront-guided ablation profile and had a refractive target of emmetropia. Outcomes were evaluated using 1-month follow-up data, which were available for 32,569 eyes of 17,713 patients (77% follow-up). Complications were tabulated using all available data.

Results:
The mean manifest spherical equivalent (MSE) was reduced from −2.97±1.33 diopters (D) (range: −0.37 to −6.00 D) to −0.03±0.29 D (range: −3.50 to −4.50 D) 1 month after surgery. Ninety-four percent of eyes were within 0.50 D of the intended correction, and the correlation coefficient of the attempted versus achieved MSE was 0.96. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 or better was achieved in 92% of eyes; 99% of eyes achieved UCVA of 20/40 or better. Among patients who had bilateral laser vision correction, 98% achieved 20/20 uncorrected binocular vision. Average best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) improved slightly 1 month after surgery (mean change: +0.01 logMAR). There were 210 (0.67%) eyes that lost 2 or more lines of BSCVA; however, all eyes were 20/40 or better. Intraoperative complications occurred in 25 eyes (0.06%; 1:1686), and postoperative complications occurred in 210 eyes (0.64%; 1:155). The most common complications were dry eye (n=58; 0.18%; 1:562) and mild diffuse lamellar keratitis (grade 1 or 2) (n=58; 0.18%; 1:562).

Conclusions:

Wavefront-guided LASIK can safely and effectively correct low to moderate myopia, as demonstrated by 1-month postoperative visual outcomes from a large number of patients. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25: S634–S641.]
Satisfaction of 13,655 Patients With Laser Vision Correction at 1 Month After Surgery
Authors: Brown Mitchell C. , Schallhorn Steven C. , Hettinger Keith A. , Malady Stephanie E. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To assess the level of laser vision correction patient satisfaction achieved by a large corporate provider of refractive surgery.

Methods:
A computer-based, interactive survey was used to query patients regarding their satisfaction with the services, experience, and results of their laser vision correction procedure.

Results:
Responses from 13,655 consecutive patients who completed their 1-month postoperative examination were analyzed in this study. A very high level of satisfaction was observed both for the quality of postoperative care provided (98.6%) and for the visual results obtained (95.0%). Most patients (94.2%) indicated that the surgery improved their life, and most would recommend both laser vision correction (96.5%) and the corporate provider (97.5%) to friends and family.

Conclusions:

Patients report a high level of satisfaction with laser vision correction performed by a large corporate provider. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:S642–S646.]
Using an International Medical Advisory Board to Guide Clinical Governance in a Corporate Refractive Surgery Model
Authors: Vukich John A. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To describe the role played by the International Medical Advisory Board (IMAB) in clinical and corporate governance at Optical Express, a corporate provider of refractive surgery.

Methods:
A review of goals, objectives, and actions of the IMAB.

Results:
The IMAB has contributed to study design, data analysis, and selection of instruments and procedures. Through interactions with Optical Express corporate and clinical staff, the IMAB has supported management's effort to craft a corporate culture focused on continuous improvement in the safety and visual outcomes of refractive surgery.

Conclusions:
The IMAB has fashioned significant changes in corporate policies and procedures and has had an impact on corporate culture at Optical Express.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:S647-S650.]
The Role of Biostatistics in the Quality Improvement of Refractive Surgery
Authors: Hettinger Keith A. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To demonstrate how the large quantity of uniformly collected data available to a corporate refractive surgery provider, Optical Express, is applied to drive improvements in patient outcomes.

Methods:
Optical Express employs a skilled team of biostatisticians to analyze the information in its electronic medical records database of over 5,500,000 patient records. The techniques used to ensure high data quality and the selection of statistical methods used in making data-driven clinical decisions are described. The importance of appropriate statistical methods is demonstrated in an example in which the effect of age on refractive outcomes in low myopes is studied. The use of a corporate database in prospective and retrospective analyses is detailed.

Results:
By providing the resources necessary to interpret the information in Optical Express' medical records database, the biostatistics department has helped Optical Express refine its procedures and improve surgical protocols and patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

Biostatistical analyses help transform the large quantities of uniformly collected clinical data available to a corporate surgery provider into information that can be applied to improve clinical practice. Such data-driven process improvements play a key role in improving patient outcomes. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:S651–S654.]
A Complex Case Management System Provides Optimal Care for All Patients
Authors: Venter Jan A. , Hannan Stephen J. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To describe the complex case management system developed by Optical Express, a large corporate provider of laser vision correction, and to detail the benefits this system offers for managing the surgical complications of laser vision correction.

Methods:
The classification scheme Optical Express uses to categorize surgical complications is described, and the various pathways patients can take through the complex case system are detailed. This process is illustrated with a case study describing the treatment of a patient with postoperative LASIK ectasia. The benefits of the complex case system are also discussed.

Results:
A total of 1363 eyes were treated in the complex case management system during the 5-year period between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2008. These 1363 eyes represent a small fraction (0.45%) of the approximately 300,000 eyes treated during this period. The Optical Express complex case management system organizes complications based on severity and urgency. Grade A complications (40 eyes, 2.9% of all complications) are the most serious and urgent, followed by grade B (327 eyes, 24.0%), and grade C (996 eyes, 73.1%). For each complication, the patient's journey through the complex case system starts with an evaluation by an optometrist. Depending on the severity of the complication, the patient may then be referred to the treating surgeon, a regional complex case surgeon, or an external consultant. A complex case manager coordinates care and logistics throughout this process.

Conclusions:

The complex case management system used by Optical Express provides clinical care and support for patients who experience a surgical complication. [
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:S655–S660.]
An Evidence-based Approach to Patient Selection for Laser Vision Correction
Authors: Brown Mitchell C. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To describe the process used by Optical Express, a large corporate refractive surgery provider, to develop evidence-based patient selection guidelines for laser vision correction.

Methods:
The evaluation of patient selection criteria for laser vision correction is part of a larger corporate process of continuous quality improvement and clinical due diligence. The procedures used to evaluate patient selection criteria are described in detail and the benefits of this process are explained. The criterion review process involves the company's International Medical Advisory Board (IMAB) and includes an evaluation of the published literature and analyses generated from the large Optical Express clinical outcomes database. This article offers a case study in which the IMAB used the criterion review process to examine the upper limit for estimated postoperative keratometry in hyperopic laser vision correction.

Results:
The patient selection criteria undergo continuous scrutiny and are modified whenever medical evidence indicates that change is appropriate.

Conclusions:

Using an established protocol for reviewing patient selection criteria, Optical Express continuously measures its patient selection criteria against both external (published) and internal data sources. This process ensures that decisions about patients' suitability for surgery are based on the best-available current medical evidence. [
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:S661–S667.]
Femtosecond Laser Versus Mechanical Microkeratome: A Retrospective Comparison of Visual Outcomes at 3 Months
Authors: Tanna Mesha , Schallhorn Steven C. , Hettinger Keith A. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To compare the visual outcomes of LASIK procedures in which flaps were created with a femtosecond laser (IntraLase FS 60Hz, Abbott Medical Optics [AMO]) to procedures in which flaps were created with a mechanical microkeratome (Moria Evo3 One Use-Plus, Moria SA).

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on 2000 eyes treated in 2008 for low myopia and astigmatism (sphere <−3.00 diopters [D]; cylinder ⩽−0.75 D). The first 1000 consecutive eyes that had LASIK flaps created with a femtosecond laser were compared with the first 1000 consecutive eyes that had flaps created with a mechanical microkeratome. All eyes received wavefront-guided LASIK treatments performed with a VISX S4 IR Advanced CustomVue excimer laser (AMO). Refractive predictability, change in mean spherical equivalent refraction, postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and loss of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) were compared at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months following surgery.

Results:
The refractive accuracy was the same for both groups. At all time points measured, the percentage of eyes that achieved a postoperative UCVA of 20/20 or better was significantly higher in the femtosecond laser group than in the mechanical keratome group. Also, a higher percentage of eyes in the femtosecond laser group achieved a postoperative UCVA of 20/16 at 3 months. Finally, a lower percentage of eyes in the femtosecond laser group lost two or more lines of BSCVA at 1 week and 1 month postoperative.

Conclusions:

Creating LASIK flaps with the femtosecond laser resulted in faster visual recovery and better UCVA. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:S668–S671.]
Effect of Keratometry on Visual Outcomes 1 Month After Hyperopic LASIK
Authors: Young Jill J. , Schallhorn Steven C. , Brown Mitchell C. , Hettinger Keith A. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To determine whether preoperative, postoperative, or change in keratometry can be used to predict visual outcomes in hyperopic LASIK.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on hyperopic eyes treated at Optical Express clinics. All eyes were targeted for emmetropia and treated using wavefront-guided LASIK (VISX S4, Abbott Medical Optics [AMO]), with flaps created using a femtosecond laser (IntraLase FS-60 [AMO]). A total of 1659 consecutive eyes of 895 patients met the study inclusion criteria: preoperative sphere ⩾1.00 diopter, complete 1-month follow-up data, and availability of pre- and postoperative keratometry measurements. Factors associated with 1-month visual results were evaluated with multivariate analysis.

Results:
Preoperative sphere was strongly correlated with visual outcomes. Higher levels of correction were associated with a greater loss of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), a lower percentage of eyes achieving 20/20 BSCVA, and a lower percentage of eyes achieving 20/20 uncorrected visual acuity. For a given level of preoperative sphere, however, no statistically significant correlation was observed between visual outcomes and either pre- or postoperative keratometry.

Conclusions:

Preoperative, calculated postoperative, or 1-month postoperative keratometry values do not correlate with visual acuity outcomes following hyperopic LASIK. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:S672–S676.]
Comparison of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunostain for nonsmall cell lung carcinoma between paired cytological and surgical specimens
Authors: Xu Huihong , Bratton Laura , Nead Michael , Russell Donna , Zhou Zhongren 
Published: December 2018

Background:
programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a ligand for the inhibitory programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1), which are targeted by several anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 drugs for lung cancer treatment. In clinical practice, many lung cancer cases only have cytology samples available to test PD-L1. Our current study compared the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) between paired cytological and surgical samples.

Materials and Methods:
Formalin-fixed lung cancer tissue microarray and paired cell blocks and surgical specimens from the same patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 29) and adenocarcinoma (AC, n = 23) were sectioned for PD-L1 IHC.

Results:
PD-L1 was expressed on tumor cells in 16 of 29 (55%) SCC surgical specimens and 18 of 29 (62%) paired cytologic specimens with 83% matched immunostains. PD-L1 was expressed on tumor cells in 13 of 23 (57%) AC surgical specimens and in 17 of 23 (74%) paired cytologic specimens with 79% matched immunostains. The PD-L1 was expressed on inflammatory cells in 20 of 23 (87%) AC surgical specimens and in 15 of 23 (65%) paired cytologic specimens with 70% matched immunostains. The PD-L1 was expressed on inflammatory cells in 18 of 29 (62%) SCC surgical specimens and in 12 of 29 (41%) paired cytologic specimens with 79% matched immunostains.

Conclusions:
PD-L1 immunostain in cytology samples matched very well with paired surgical samples in both SCC and AC cases. The cytologic samples present slightly higher sensitivity for PD-L1 immunostain on tumor cells as compared to surgical biopsies.
Procederen ten behoeve van de gemeenschap van nalatenschap
Authors: Perrick S. 
Published: December 2018

Procederen ten behoeve van de gemeenschap van nalatenschap
In deze bijdrage besteedt de schrijver aandacht aan de vraag wie bevoegd is ten behoeve van de gemeenschap van nalatenschap te procederen. Daarbij constateert hij dat het in de praktijk regelmatig voorkomt dat (de advocaat van) een erfgenaam zich niet realiseert dat het gaat om een (rechts)vordering van de gemeenschap en er ten onrechte van uitgaat dat hij namens de erfgenaam privé dient te procederen. Bij de beantwoording van de vraag dient een aantal onderscheidingen te worden gemaakt. Allereerst of het gaat om een vordering op een derde of op een erfgenaam/deelgenoot. En ook of er eventueel een met het beheer van de vordering belaste erfrechtelijke functionaris in functie is.
Schulden van de nalatenschap bij vruchtgebruik en fideicommis
Authors: Brinkman R.E. 
Published: December 2018

Schulden van de nalatenschap bij vruchtgebruik en fideicommis
Wat is de positie van een hoofdgerechtigde of verwachter als deze te maken krijgt met schulden? Besproken wordt het verschil tussen zuivere en beneficiaire aanvaarding en tussen het al dan niet toepasselijk zijn van artikel 3:222 BW.
De deur open voor redelijkheid en billijkheid bij de eenzijdige begunstiging
Authors: Wisman M.D. 
Published: December 2018

De deur open voor redelijkheid en billijkheid bij de eenzijdige begunstiging
Twee kinderen die begunstigden zijn van de levensverzekering van hun overleden vader procederen tegen zijn partner, die enig erfgenaam is en aanspraak maakt op de uitkering. De Hoge Raad oordeelt dat op grond van redelijkheid en billijkheid de rechtsgevolgen aan de begunstiging moeten worden onthouden. De partner krijgt het geld.
De rechten en plichten van de erfgenaam die met een legaat is belast
Authors: Brans F.W. , Raaijmaakers Ph.A.J. 
Published: December 2018

De rechten en plichten van de erfgenaam die met een legaat is belast
Het komt regelmatig voor dat in een testament een legaat staat opgenomen. In dit artikel onderzoeken de auteurs wat de rechten en plichten zijn van de erfgenaam die met een legaat is belast en met welke ‘valkuilen’ de erfgenaam rekening moet houden. Speciale aandacht wordt daarbij besteed aan de positie van de legitimaris-erfgenaam en aan het (keuze)legaat tegen inbreng (van waarde). Pas wanneer duidelijkheid bestaat over wat de status is van het legaat bij de afwikkeling van een nalatenschap kan weloverwogen een keuze worden gemaakt tussen het al dan niet (beneficiair) aanvaarden van de nalatenschap, dan wel het verwerpen van de nalatenschap (al dan niet onder het doen van een beroep op de legitieme portie).
Time-resolved mapping of genetic interactions to model rewiring of signaling pathways
Authors: Heigwer Florian , Scheeder Christian , Miersch Thilo , Schmitt Barbara , Blass Claudia , Pour Jamnani Mischan Vali , Boutros Michael 
Published: December 2018

Context-dependent changes in genetic interactions are an important feature of cellular pathways and their varying responses under different environmental conditions. However, methodological frameworks to investigate the plasticity of genetic interaction networks over time or in response to external stresses are largely lacking. To analyze the plasticity of genetic interactions, we performed a combinatorial RNAi screen in Drosophila cells at multiple time points and after pharmacological inhibition of Ras signaling activity. Using an image-based morphology assay to capture a broad range of phenotypes, we assessed the effect of 12768 pairwise RNAi perturbations in six different conditions. We found that genetic interactions form in different trajectories and developed an algorithm, termed MODIFI, to analyze how genetic interactions rewire over time. Using this framework, we identified more statistically significant interactions compared to end-point assays and further observed several examples of context-dependent crosstalk between signaling pathways such as an interaction between Ras and Rel which is dependent on MEK activity.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).
Characterization of a new physical phantom for testing rigid and deformable image registration
Authors: Wu Richard Y. , Liu Amy Y. , Wisdom Paul , Zhu Xiaorong Ronald , Frank Steven J. , Fuller Clifton D. , Gunn Gary Brandon , Palmer Matthew B. , Wages Cody A. , Gillin Michael T. , Yang Jinzhong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe a new user‐friendly, low‐cost phantom that was developed to test the accuracy of rigid and deformable image registration (DIR) systems and to demonstrate the functional efficacy of the new phantom. The phantom was constructed out of acrylic and includes a variety of inserts that simulate different tissue shapes and properties. It can simulate deformations and location changes in patient anatomy by changing the rotations of both the phantom and the inserts. CT scans of this phantom were obtained and used to test the rigid and deformable registration accuracy of the Velocity software. Eight rotation and translation scenarios were used to test the rigid registration accuracy, and 11 deformation scenarios were used to test the DIR accuracy. The mean rotation accuracies in the X‐Y (axial) and X‐Z (coronal) planes were 0.50° and 0.13°, respectively. The mean translation accuracy was 1 mm in both the X and Y direction and was tested in soft tissue and bone. The DIR accuracies for soft tissue and bone were 0.93 (mean Dice similarity coefficient), 8.3 and 4.5 mm (mean Hausdouff distance), 0.95 and 0.79 mm (mean distance), and 1.13 and 1.12 (mean volume ratio) for soft tissue content (DTE oil) and bone, respectively. The new phantom has a simple design and can be constructed at a low cost. This phantom will allow DIR systems to be effectively and efficiently verified to ensure system performance.
Analysis of methyldopa in the presence of phenylephrine using electrocatalytic effect of a ferrocene derivative at a surface of feather like La3+/ZnO nano‐flowers modified carbon paste electrode
Authors: Pourtaheri Ehsan , Taher Mohammad Ali , Beitollahi Hadi , Hosseinzadeh Rahman 
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the present study was to introduce a newly designed approach for simultaneous determination of methyldopa and phenylephrine using modified carbon paste electrode with feather like La3+/ZnO nano‐flowers and N‐(ferrocenylmethylidene) fluoren‐2‐amine (La3+/ZnONFMF2ACPE). According to the results from the electrochemical experiments, oxidation current of methyldopa on the modified electrode surface was incremented and its oxidation occurred at a potential about 110 mV less positive than that of an unmodified carbon paste electrode. A linear response was observed for the electrode at different methyldopa concentrations (0.2 to 500.0 μM). The existence of phenylephrine did not induce any change in the modified electrode sensitivity to methyldopa, indicating that they could be measured simultaneously or independently. Real human body samples were used to test our technique efficacy in detecting methyldopa and phenylephrine.
An Expert Derived Feedforward Histology Module Improves Pattern Recognition Efficiency in Novice Students
Authors: Koury Hannah F. , Leonard Carly J. , Carry Patrick M. , Lee Lisa M. J. 
Published: December 2018

Histology is a visually oriented, foundational anatomical sciences subject in professional health curricula that has seen a dramatic reduction in educational contact hours and an increase in content migration to a digital platform. While the digital migration of histology laboratories has transformed histology education, few studies have shown the impact of this change on visual literacy development, a critical competency in histology. The objective of this study was to assess whether providing a video clip of an expert’s gaze while completing leukocyte identification tasks would increase the efficiency and performance of novices completing similar identification tasks. In a randomized study, one group of novices (n = 9) was provided with training materials that included expert eye gaze, while the other group (n = 12) was provided training materials with identical content, but without the expert eye gaze. Eye movement parameters including fixation rate and total scan path distance, and performance measures including time‐to‐task‐completion and accuracy, were collected during an identification task assessment. Compared to the control group, the average fixation duration was 13.2% higher (P < 0.02) and scan path distance was 35.0% shorter in the experimental group (P = 0.14). Analysis of task performance measures revealed no significant difference between the groups. These preliminary results suggest a more efficient search performed by the experimental group, indicating the potential efficacy of training using an expert’s gaze to enhance visual literacy development. With further investigation, such feedforward enhanced training methods could be utilized for histology and other visually oriented subjects.