bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SEDIMENT AGES AND ACCUMULATION RATES IN JAKARTA BAY DERIVED FROM DEPTH PROFILES OF UNSUPPORTED <sup>210</sup>Pb
Authors: Lubis Ali Arman , Aliyanta Barokah 
Published: January 2019

Preliminary study of sediment ages and accumulation rates has been carried out in Jakarta Bay using unsupported 210Pb. 210Pb occurs naturally in sediments as one of the radioisotopes in the 238U decay series. The total 210Pb activity in sediments has two components, namely; supported and unsupported. The latter derives from dissociation of 210Pb from 226Ra through diffusion of the intermediate gaseous isotope 222Rn which diffuse into the atmosphere and decay to 210Pb. 210Pb falling directly into seawater and deposit on the bed of the marine with sediments. 210Pb has half-life of 22.26 years makes it well suited to dating and determining the accumulation rate of sediments laid down over the past 100 - 150 years. Two cores samples with diameter 7.5 cm were taken by scuba divers from Jakarta Bay and were analyzed of 210Pb using α-spectrometer equipped with PIPS detector. The sediment ages and range of sediment accumulation rates of core I and II are up to 169 years and (0.25 - 1.93) kg/m2y and up to 157 years and (0.15 - 2.68) kg/m2y, respectively. Keywords: sediment ages, accumulation rates, marine sediment, 210Pb
ALDOL CONDENSATION OF N-ALKYLATED-3-ARYL-4,6-DIMETHOXY-7-FORMYLINDOLES AS A GOOD METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 1-ARYL-6,8-DIMETHOXYPYRROLO[3,2,1-<i>hi</i>]INDOLE-4-CARBOXYLATES
Authors: Jumina Jumina 
Published: January 2019

Alkylation of 3-aryl-4,6-dimethoxyindole 3a and 3b with methyl and ethyl a-bromoacetates afforded good yields of indol-1-ylacetates 4. Treatment of these indoles 4 with the Vilsmeier formylation reagent gave formylindoles 5 in 54-81 % yield. These formylindole 5 underwent intramolecular aldol condensation when treated with sodium hydride in tetrahydrofuran to give pyrroloindole-4-carboxylates 6 in 30-60 % yield. Structural assignment based on spectroscopic data confirmed the structure of the synthesized pyrroloindoles. In the case of pyrroloindole 6c, the structure of this molecule was also proven by X-ray crystallography data. Keywords: indole, pyrroloindole, aldol condensation, alkylation, and formylation
BRIONONIC ACID FROM THE HEXANE EXTRACT OF <i>Sandoricum koetjape</i> MERR STEM BARK (meliaceae)
Authors: Tukiran Tukiran , Saidah Saidah , Suyatno Suyatno , Hidayati Nurul , Shimizu Kuniyoshi 
Published: January 2019

An oleane-type triterpenoid, briononic acid was isolated from hexane extract of the stem bark of Sandoricum koetjape Merr. (Meliaceae). This structure had been established based on spectroscopic data (UV, IR, and NMR) and by comparison with spectroscopic data of related compound that had been reported. Keywords: Meliaceae, Oleane, Sandoricum koetjape Merr., Triterpenoid
FRACTIONATION OF FATTY ACID OMEGA 3, 6 AND 9 FROM SNAIL (<i>Achatina fulica</i>) USING COLOUM CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Haryadi Winarto , Triono Sugeng 
Published: January 2019

The extraction of fat from snail has been carried out by Soxhlet extractor with petroleum ether solvent. Fatty product from extraction was transesterificated in BF3/methanol solvent for an hour by reflux procedure, then extracted by n-hexane to produce methyl ester fatty acid. Free water fatty acid methyl ester was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Fatty acid ester was separated from its fractions use column chromatography in n-hexane, n-hexane:dietil eter (2:1 v/v), dietil eter, aseton, ethanol and methanol. This fractions wer also analized by GC-MS. From GC-MS data sheet can be obtained 5 fractions which details are; fraction 1 contains omega 3: 27.54 %, omega 6: 15.40 % and omega 9: 6.77 %. Fraction 2 contains omega 3: 3.08 %, omega 6: 15.62 % and omega 9: 10.72 %. Fraction 3 contains omega 6: 3.57 %, omega 9: 7.02 % and none omega 3 inside it. Omega 3, 6 and 9 can't be identification in fraction 4 and 5. Keywords: extraction, transesterification, column chromatography, GC-MS
DEVELOPMENT OF SIMPLE ANALYTICAL METHOD OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID BY PROPANOIC ACID DETERMINATION USING ALKALIMETRIC TITRATION
Authors: Handayani Sri , Budimarwanti Cornelia 
Published: January 2019

The content of omega-3 in the fish oil capsules have been determined by alkalimetrie titration method. This method has been done in three ways. Firstly, fatty acids were oxidized by KMnO4 using H2SO4 as catalyst. Secondly, propanoic acid as the result of oxidation was separated by distillation. Furthermore, distillated propanoic acid was titrated. Precision, accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of the research were good enough for further development as a routine method for determination of omega-3 content. Keywords: omega-3, alkalimetric titration
A NEW CLASS OF IONIC SOLVENTS, ELECTROLYTES AND ENGINEERING FLUIDS BASED ON 1,3-ALKYLMETHYL-1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOLIUM SALTS
Authors: Mudzakir Ahmad 
Published: January 2019

A new series of ionic liquids based on 1,3-alkylmethyl-1,2,3-benzotriazolium cation has been prepared. The spectroscopic, physical and electrochemical characteristics of this family of salts have been investigated with respect to potential usage as ionic solvents, electrolytes and engineering fluids. Incorporation of diverse anions including weak coordinating anion and pseudohalide with this benzotriazolium cation produces ionic liquids with advantageously low melting points and good thermal stability. Thermal analyses of these very stable salts included the determination of melting points (-65 to 164 oC) and decomposition temperatures (up to 291 oC). The electrochemical windows of representative benzotriazolium species has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and determined to be ~ 3 V. The X-ray single crystal and spectroscopic studies revealed that weak hydrogen-bonding interactions between the benzotriazolium ring protons and the anions are present both in the solid state as well as in solution. Keywords: ionic liquids, X-ray single crystal, thermal analysis, electrochemical analysis, benzotriazolium salt
STUDY ON EFFECT OF pH AND METAL CONCENTRATION ON THE SYNTHESIS OF DIMENSIONALLY STABLE ANODE GAPHITE/La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> AND GAPHITE/RuO<sub>2</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub>
Authors: Suyanta Suyanta , Kuncaka Agus 
Published: January 2019

The objective of this research is to study the effect of pH and metal concentration toward the mass of metal oxides coated on gaphite in the synthesis of dimensionally stable anode (DSA) gaphite/La2O3-ZrO2 and gaphite/RuO2-TiO2. The synthesis of those DSA was done by thermal decomposition technique. The solution containing metal ion to be coated (as its oxides) on the gaphite, followed by heating. Those spraying and heating were repeated up to ten times, so that it was expected that all of gaphite surface was covered by the metal oxides. It was concluded that the mass of metal oxides coated on the gaphite was affected by the pH and concentration of metals in the solutian to be sprayed. Treatment by using solution at pH of 4 and 6 produced more in mass of metal oxides mixture than using solution of 1 and 2 on pHs. DSA gaphite/La2O3-ZrO2 produced by treatment using solution of 4 and 6 on pHs contained more in mass of La2O3 than of ZrO2; meanwhile DSA gaphite/RuO2-TiO2 produced in this research (for all of treatment) contained more in mass of RuO2 than of TiO2. Keywords: Dimensionally Stable Anode, gaphite, La2O3-ZrO2, RuO2-TiO2
DETERMINATION OF LIMIT DETECTION OF THE ELEMENTS N, P, K, Si, Al, Fe, Cu, Cd, WITH FAST NEUTRON ACTIVATION USING NEUTRON GENERATOR
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Muryono Muryono 
Published: January 2019

Determination of limit detection of the elements N, P, K, Si, Al, Fe, Cu, Cd, with fast neutron activation using neutron generator has been done. Samples prepared from SRM 2704, N, P, K elements from MERCK, Cu, Cd, Al from activation foil made in San Carlos, weighted and packed for certain weight then iradiated during 30 minutes with 14 MeV fast neutron using the neutron generator and then counted with gamma spectrometry (accuspec). At this research condition of neutron generator was set at current 1 mA that produced neutron flux about 5,47.107 n/cm2.s and experimental result shown that the limit detection for the elements N, P, K, Si, Al, Fe, Cu, Cd are 2,44 ppm, 1,88 ppm, 2,15 ppm, 1,44 ppm, 1,26 ppm, 1,35 ppm, 1,05 ppm, 2,99 ppm, respectively. The data indicate that the limit detection or sensitivity of appliance of neutron generator to analyze the element is very good, which is feasible to get accreditation AANC laboratory using neutron generator. Keywords: limit detection, AANC, neutron generator
INVESTIGATION OF DISSOLVED SULPHATE IN VARIOUS GEOTHERMAL FIELDS OF SUMATRA USING OXYGEN AND SULPHUR ISOTOPES
Authors: Pujiindiyati E. Ristin , Abidin Zainal 
Published: January 2019

There are at least 30 high temperature systems; eleven active volcanoes, five degassing volcanoes and one caldera volcano controlled by Sumatra Fault Zone over a length of 1700 km. To understand this geothermal field system, some information about geochemistry including isotope composition in its fluid is needed. Sulphur-34 and oxygen-18 isotopes in dissolved sulphate pair have been used to determine the origin of acidic fluid of sulphate and to evaluate the process involved. The fluids from eight hot springs, two fumaroles, four deep wells and crater have been collected in along Sumatra geothermal fields. Sulphur-34 (d 34S (SO4), 0/00 CDT) and oxygen-18 (d 18O (SO4), 0/00 SMOW) in sulphate is analyzed according to Robinson-Kusakabe and Rafter method, respectively. The d 34S (SO4) values from Sibayak wells are more enriched of 16.8 0/00 to 18.2 0/0 that may indicate the dissolution of anhydrite minerals or isotope partitioning in hydration of SO2. The d 34S (SO4) values from two fumaroles (Pusuk Bukit - North Sumatra and Rantau Dadap - South Sumatra) are at depleted value of -0.150/00 and 1.80/00, those are close to d 34S from magmatic sulphur. In general, the d 34S (SO4) of springs spread in a wide range of 5.250/00 to14.20/00 and show a mixing process between atmospheric sulphate and sulphate from deep wells. The d 18O (SO4) from wells exhibits depleted value around -3.60/00 suggesting that 87.5% of sulphate oxygen is derived from groundwater oxygen and 12.5% is derived from atmospheric molecular oxygen in sulphide oxidation reaction. In the other hand, hot springs (except Semurup), crater and fumaroles have enriched value of d 18O (SO4). These enriched values suggest that a higher percentage of atmospherically derived oxygen compared to those from the depth. Keywords: isotope, geothermal, Sumatra
CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF LOW-MOLECULAR-MASS OF CA SPECIES IN PHLOEM SAP OF <i>Ricinus communis L.</i>
Authors: Fitri Noor , Thiele Björn , Günther Klaus , Buchari Buchari 
Published: January 2019

A capillary electrophoretic (CE) analysis with ultra-violet (UV) detection was performed for further separation of low-molecular-mass (LMM) calcium species in phloem sap of Ricinus communis L. Two different background electrolytes (BGE) were used for the separation; these are (1) hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate buffer containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as an electro-osmotic flow (EOF) modifier, and (2) boric acid buffer containing CTAB. Various parameters affecting the analysis, including the composition and pH of the BGE were systematically studied. The sensitivity, resolution, baseline noise, migration time of the species peaks, and reproducibility of the method were evaluated under optimised condition. At least 13 UV-active species were optimally separated within about ten minutes. The optimised measurement condition was also achieved using 10 mM hydrogen phosphate/10 mM dihydrogen phosphate containing 0.5 mM CTAB at pH 8.0 as BGE, and by applying voltage of ‑20 kV and temperature of 14°C. Evidently, the analytical method was successfully used for the separation of LMM calcium species in phloem sap of R. communis L. Keywords: capillary electrophoresis, calcium species, phloem sap, Ricinus communis
THE EXTRACTION OF NICKEL(II) AND COPPER(II) USING LIQUID MEMBRANE EMULSION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Setiarso Pirim , Purwanti N. Selvi 
Published: January 2019

Research on the extraction of Nickel(II) and Copper(II) using liquid membrane emulsion technique has been conducted. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of pH, extraction time and presence of competed metals (Ni2+ in Cu2+ and vice versa) toward the membrane extraction capability. In this research, 84 mL of Ni2+ and Cu2+ with concentration of 100 ppm, each, was extracted using pH variation (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0). The optimum pH will be used to obtain the time of equilibrium and influence of the competed ions. Time variations (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 minute) were used with the concentration of the competed ions of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ppm. The percentage of ions extracted was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The result shows that the optimum pH was 5.0 for extracting 79.3137 % Cu2+ and 50.3448 % Ni2+. Time of equilibrium was 30 minutes for extracting 85.4117 % Cu2+ and 53.7691 % Ni2+. The presence of Ni2+ influenced Cu2+ extracted and vice versa. Keywords: Extraction, liquid membrane emulsion
TITANIUM OXIDE DISPERSED ON NATURAL ZEOLITE (TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZEOLITE) AND ITS APPLICATION FOR CONGO RED PHOTODEGRADATION
Authors: Fatimah Is , Sugiharto Eko , Wijaya Karna , Tahir Iqmal , Kamalia Kamalia 
Published: January 2019

The utilization of TiO2 dispersed on natural zeolite (TiO2/Zeolite) for degradation of Congo Red photocatlytically has been performed. The TiO2/Zeolite was prepared by mechanically mixing of 100 g of natural zeolite, which it has been heated at 400oC, with TiO2 powder, the final weight ratio of the mixture was 5% (w/w). The mixture was then calcined at 400oC for 6 hours. The calcined product was characterized using x-ray diffractometry, x-ray fluorescence analysis and gas sorption analysis methods to determine its physicochemical properties changes caused by mixing and calcination. Investigation of Congo Red photodegradation using TiO2/Zeolite was carried out by mixing 25 mL 10-4 M solution of Congo Red with 25 mg of TiO2/Zeolite and irradiating the suspention with UV-light of 350 nm for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes, respectively. The characterization results showed that dispertion of TiO2 on zeolite resulted in the increasing of titanium concentration on TiO2/Zeolite. The concentration of Ti on natural zeolite was found to be 0.15%(w/w), meanwhile on TiO2/Zeolite was 2.29% (w/w). From X-ray diffractometry analysis result no information was found that TiO2 was dipersed on natural zeolite. It was caused by overlapping of the reflections of zeolite with reflections of TiO2. On the otherhand, the gas sorption analysis result exhibited that the dispersion of TiO2 on zeolite resulted in the decreasing of total pore volume as well as specific surface area of the natural zeolite. The specific surface areas of natural zeolite and TiO2/Zeolite were 21.98 and 16.74 m2/g, respectively, meanwhile the total pore volumes of natural zeolite and TiO2/Zeolite were 20.10x10-3 and 13.47x10-3 mL/g. The simple kinetic of photodegradation of Congo Red exhibited that the rate of degradation followed a first order kinetic and the reaction rate constant was 0.0017 minute-1. Keywords: natural zeolite, TiO2, photodegradation, Congo Red
ADSORPTION THERMODYNAMICS OF Cd(II), Ni(II), AND Mg(II) ON 3-MERCAPTO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE IMMOBILIZED SILICA GEL
Authors: Fahmiati Fahmiati , Nuryono Nuryono , Narsito Narsito 
Published: January 2019

Thermodynamics study of Cd(II), Ni(II), and Mg(II) adsorption on silica gel immobilized with 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (SG-SH) has been carried out. Three thermodynamic parameters namely adsorption capacity, equilibrium constant and adsorption energy were determined using model of Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Process of adsorption was carried out by mixing metal ion solution in various concentrations (5 - 400 mg/L) with adsorbent in a batch system. The un-adsorbed ions were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and the adsorbed ions were differences of ion concentration in solution before and after adsorption process. Parameters of thermodynamics i.e. capacity (a), equilibrium constant (K) and adsorption energy were determined by using the correlation curve of ratio of equilibrium concentration to the amount of adsorbed metal ions versus equilibrium concentration. Results showed that adsorption of metal ions Ni(II), Cd(II) and Mg(II) on adsorbent of silica gel immobilized with mercapto groups tend to follow Type I (monolayer) of Brunauer's classification. Evaluation of thermodynamic adsorption showed that the order of adsorption capacity was Ni(II) < Cd(II) < Mg(II) with relatively low energy adsorption, in a range of 12 - 18 kJ/mole. Keywords: adsorption, silica gel, mercapto, thermodynamics, immobilization
IN VITRO IRON AVAILABILITY AND ADSORPTION PATTERN ON COMBINATION OF ACIDITY AND LENGTH OF BOILING TIME ON YARD LONG BEAN
Authors: Yuanita Leny 
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study is to find iron availability and binding pattern by dietary fiber macromolecule on combination of acidity and length of boiling time, through Kads and Keff, boiling procees at the level of pH 4 and 7 with boiling time at 0 (raw), 5, 15, and 25 minutes. Iron availability and adsorption pattern were analyzed through Miller's in-vitro and Langmuir-Scatchard graph methods. The results of the study showed: (1) the highest iron availability occurs at raw-pH4 treatment; (2) decreasing pH and increasing boiling time decrease Kads,Keff, percent iron bound, and increase iron availability; (3) iron binding pattern by dietary fiber macromolecules through formation of complex compound was more prominent than physical adsorption, involving two types of specific binding sites, one of which showed a higher affinity. Keywords: iron availability, adsorption pattern, dietary fiber, acidity (pH), boiling time
Growth of the (001) face of borax crystals
Authors: Suharso Suharso 
Published: January 2019

he growth rates of borax crystals from aqueous solutions in the (001) direction at various relative supersaturations were measured using in situ cell optical microscopy method. The result shows that the growth mechanism of the (001) face of borax crystal at temperature of 20 °C is spiral growth mechanism. Keywords: Growth mechanism, borax.
REACTION RESULT PREDICTION OF UO<sub>2</sub> OXIDATION IN THERMOGRAVIMETRIC USE OF REGRESSION POLYNOMIAL
Authors: Simbolon Sahat 
Published: January 2019

Thermogravimetric curve of UO2 oxidation reaction with oxygen from room temperature 25 oC to 425 oC had been depicted in three dimensions. The temperature oxidation reaction of UO2 sample was arranged 5 oC / minute and it was found that increasing of sample weight was 1.3 mg. Uranium dioxide (UO2) had not been reacted yet, reacted UO2, UO3 and U3O8 as the result of oxidation reaction were depicted in three dimensions. The nonlinear relationshps between temperature and time of oxidation reaction of UO2 were simulated in three dimensions using MATLAB Version 5.3 software version. Key words : Thermogravimetry curve, UO2 , UO3, U3O8, oxidation, non linear
PARALLEL REACTION ON CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION REACTION OF CIS-ISOEUGENOL INTO 2-METHOXY-4-PROPYLPHENOL
Authors: Muchalal Muchalal 
Published: January 2019

Catalytic hydrogenation of eugenol (Mr 164) and isoeugenol (Mr 164) by using synthetic catalyst Ni/-Al2O3 had been carried out. Eugenol transformation into 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol (Mr 166) as a main product could be achieved in 100% and no conversion reaction of eugenol into isoeugenol. If the raw material was 96% trans-isoeugenol or 61% cis-isoeugenol then the product was 67% or 92% of 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol. On the catalytic hydrogenation of trans-isoeugenol into 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol there was no parallel reaction of trans-isoeugenol into cis-isoeugenol. Conversely, catalytic reaction of cis-isoeugenol into 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol always followed by conversion reaction of cis-isoeugenol into trans-isoeugenol. Transformation of cis-isoeugenol into 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol below 200 oC was equilibrium reaction and above 200 oC was an irreversible reaction. Keywords: Catalytic hydrogenation, cis-isoeugenol
POLY(GLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE-DIVINYLBENZENE) MONOLITHIC CAPILLARY AS A STATIONARY PHASE FOR THE REVERSED-PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF PROTEINS
Authors: Aprilita Nurul Hidayat , Bakry Rania , Huck Christian W , Bonn Guenther K 
Published: January 2019

Capillary column with monolithic stationary phase was prepared from silanized fused-silica capillary of 200 µm I.D. by in situ free radical polymerization of divinylbenzene with glycidy methacrylate in the presence of decanol and tetrahydrofuran as porogens. The hydrodynamic and chromatographic properties of this monolith, such as backpressure at different flow-rate, pore size distribution, van Deemter plot and the effect of varying gradient-rate were investigated. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene) monolithic capillary has been used successfully for the reversed-phase chromatographic separation of proteins. Keywords: monolithic stationary phase, poly(glycidyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene), proteins
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATIONS AND MODIFICATION OF Ni-Pd/NATURAL ZEOLITE CATALYSTS
Authors: Trisunaryanti Wega , Triwahyuni Endang , Sudiono Sri 
Published: January 2019

Preparation, and modification of Ni-Pd/natural zeolite as well as their characterizations had been carried out. The aim of this research for the fututure is to prepare the best characters catalyst for the conversion of waste plastics fraction to gasoline fraction (C5-C12 hydrocarbons). The preparation of catalysts was performed by reacting a natural zeolite with the precursor of Ni(NO3)2. 9H2O and PdCl2 in an ammonia solution (25%). The modifications were performed by varying the rasio of Ni/Pd loaded to the zeolite, whereas the Pd was previously loaded and total metal content was 1 wt.% based on the zeolite. The characterization of catalysts included determination of acidity gravimetrically by adsorption of ammonia or pyridine vapour base method, metal content by Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and X-ray Fluoresence (XRF) and crystallinity by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The treatment of catalysts using Etilene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA) was performed to study the metal distribution on the outer or inner surface of the zeolite. The characterization results showed that the loading of metals to the zeolite increased its acidity and decreased its spesific surface area, however, did not defect its crystallnity. The metals loaded on the zeolite were distributed inside the pore and at outer surface of the zeolite. For all catalyst samples, the acidities determined using ammonia were higher than those of pyridine, and the acidities determined before the EDTA treatment was lower than those after the treatment. Metal contents of the zeolite before the EDTA treatment were higher than those after the treatment. The EDTA treatment enhanced the crystallinity of the sampel. The relationship between the metal rasio towards the acidity of the catalyst samples were in variation. Catalyst samples produced in this research have good characters, thus promisingly can be used for conversion process of waste plastics to gasoline fraction. Keywords: natural zeolite, acidity, metal content, crystallinity, EDTA