bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersion features of complex waves in a graphene-coated semiconductor nanowire
Authors: Yu Pengchao , Fesenko Volodymyr I. , Tuz Vladimir R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe dispersion features of a graphene-coated semiconductor nanowire operating in the terahertz frequency band are consistently studied in the framework of a special theory of complex waves. Detailed classification of the waveguide modes was carried out based on the analysis of characteristics of the phase and attenuation constants obtained from the complex roots of characteristic equation. With such a treatment, the waves are attributed to the group of either “proper” or “improper” waves, wherein their type is determined as the trapped surface waves, fast and slow leaky waves, and surface plasmons. The dispersion curves of axially symmetric TM0n and TE0n modes, as well as nonsymmetric hybrid EH1n and HE1n modes, were plotted and analyzed in detail, and both radiative regime of leaky waves and guided regime of trapped surface waves are identified. The peculiarities of propagation of the TM modes of surface plasmons were revealed. Two subregions of existence of surface plasmons were found out where they appear as propagating and reactive waves. The cutoff conditions for higher-order TM modes of surface plasmons were correctly determined.
The crystal structure of 2-phenyl-4,6-bis(R-tert-butylsulfonamido)-1,3,5-triazine – ethyl acetate (2/1), C38H58N10O6S4
Authors: Zuo Zhenyu , Lei Fuhou , Dai Yang , Wang Lu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
C38H58N10O6S4, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.9542(5) Å, b = 11.4057(5) Å, c = 17.2763(8) Å, β = 96.380(1)° V = 2340.97(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0325, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0836, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2-(((E)-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)oxy)ethyl)oxime, C18H21N3O3
Authors: Peng Yun-Dong , Zhang Yang , Ren Zong-Li , Wang Li , Dong Wen-Kui 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
C18H21N3O3, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 5.3025(3) Å, b = 9.7824(7) Å, c = 33.3847(19) Å, β = 93.699(6)°, V = 1728.10(19) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0677, wRref(F2) = 0.1892, T = 290.7(3) K.
Crystal structure of tert-butyl (2-(4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,4-dihydroquinazolin-3(2H)-yl)ethyl)carbamate, C15H19N3O3S
Authors: Zong Hai-Tao , Bian Lin-Yan , Yan Ling-Ling 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
C15H19N3O3S, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.682(8) Å, b = 9.700(8) Å, c = 11.273(10) Å, α = 90.681(14)°, β = 112.624(13)°, γ = 112.632(13)°, V = 794.5(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0405, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1171, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (Z)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)acrylamide, C21H17N3O3
Authors: Xiao Xin-Sheng , Jia Guo-Kai , Li Wen-Yi , Chen Xiu-Wen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
C21H17N3O3, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 14.3606(4) Å, b = 7.4250(2) Å, c = 34.2840(9) Å, V = 3655.62(17) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0399, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1178, T = 571(2) K.
Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for ethanol purification through pervaporation: current state of the art
Authors: Castro-Muñoz Roberto , Galiano Francesco , Fíla Vlastimil , Drioli Enrico , Figoli Alberto 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Over the last few decades, different polymers have been employed as materials in membrane preparation for pervaporation (PV) application, which are currently used in the preparation of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for ethanol recovery and ethanol dehydration. The ethanol-water and water-ethanol mixtures are, in fact, the most studied PV systems since the bioethanol production is strongly increasing its demand. The present review focuses on the current state of the art and future trends on ethanol purification by using MMMs in PV. A particular emphasis will, therefore, be placed on the enhancement of specific components transport and selectivity through the incorporation of inorganic materials into polymeric membranes, mentioning key principles on suitable filler selection for a synergistic effect toward such separations. In addition, the following topics will be discussed: (i) the generalities of PV, including the theoretical aspects and its role in separation; (ii) a general overview of the methodologies for the preparation of MMMs; and (iii) the most recent findings based on MMMs for both ethanol recovery and ethanol dehydration for better evolution in the field. From the last decade of literature inputs, the poly(vinyl alcohol) has been the most used polymeric matrix targeting ethanol dehydration, while the zeolites have been the most used embedded materials. Today, the latest developments on MMM preparation declare that the future efforts will be directed to the chemical modification of polymeric materials as well as the incorporation of novel fillers or enhancing the existing ones through chemical modification.
Chemistry and spectroscopy of cross-conjugated and pseudo-cross-conjugated quinolinium-ethynyl-benzoate mesomeric betaines
Authors: Batsyts Sviatoslav , Ramírez Francisco J. , Casado Juan , Namyslo Jan C. , Schmidt Andreas 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The three isomers 1-methylquinolinium-2-, 3-, and 4-ethynyl(phenyl-4-carboxylates) belong to two distinct types of heterocyclic mesomeric betaines. The quinolinium substituted in position 3 is a cross-conjugated mesomeric betaine (CCMB), whereas the quinolinium derivatives substituted in positions 2 and 4 are members of the class of pseudo-cross-conjugated mesomeric betaines (PCCMBs). While the charges are strictly separated within the common π-electron system of the CCMB according to the canonical formulae, the charges are effectively but not exclusively delocalized in the PCCMBs because cumulenoid resonance forms including electron sextet structures without external octet stabilization can be formed in accordance with the definition of PCCMBs. As a consequence, despite being closely related structures, the three isomers differ in their chemical and spectroscopic behaviors. Thus, on trying to hydrolyze the ester group of the methyl quinolinium-2-ethynyl-benzoate into the corresponding acid by subsequent treatment with sodium hydroxide in methanol and aqueous hydrochloric acid at pH 3, the acetal methyl 1,1-dimethoxy-2-(quinolinium-ylidene)ethyl]benzoate and the corresponding β-enamino carbonyl compound were formed, respectively. The corresponding acids of the 2- and 4-substituted quinolinium-ethynyl-benzoates were obtained by a modified procedure. On deprotonation, the resulting cross-conjugated quinolinium-3-ethynyl-benzoate betaine proved to be stable, whereas the corresponding pseudo-cross-conjugated quinolinium-2- and -4-ethynyl-benzoate betaines decomposed. Frontier orbital profiles were calculated, and IR and Raman spectra of the starting materials were measured and calculated to analyze the differences of CCMBs and PCCMBs of mesomeric betaines possessing triple bonds. A higher contribution of the cumulenoid resonance forms to the overall structure of the PCCMBs was determined.
Robot Evaluation and Selection Using the Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic MULTIMOORA Method
Authors: Liu Hu-Chen , Zhao Hao , You Xiao-Yue , Zhou Wen-Yong 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
With the development of modern technology, industrial robots have been applied extensively in different industries to perform high-risk jobs and produce high-quality products. However, selecting an appropriate robot for a specific manufacturing environment is a difficult task for decision makers because of the increase in complexity, production demands, and the availability of different robot types. Normally, robot selection can be regarded as a complex multicriteria decision-making problem, and decision makers often use uncertain linguistic terms to express their assessments because of time pressure, lack of data, and their limited expertise. In this article, a modified MULTIMOORA (Multiobjective Optimization by Ratio Analysis plus the Full Multiplicative Form) method based on hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (named HFL-MULTIMOORA) is proposed for evaluating and selecting the optimal robot for a given industrial application. This method deals with the decision makers’ uncertain assessments with hesitant fuzzy linguistic variables, which can increase the flexibility of representing linguistic information. Finally, an empirical example is presented to demonstrate the proposed method, and the results indicate that the HFL-MULTIMOORA provides a useful and practical tool for solving robot selection problems within a hesitant linguistic information environment.
Study in the Durability of Silane-Based Mortar
Authors: Liu Jiesheng , Faping Li , Liwei Du , Xiaofan Liu , Rongtang Zhang 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article investigates the durability properties of mortar containing three types of silanes as integral additives. Compared with the plain mortar, mortar samples with silanes exhibited better performance when subjected to freezing-thawing cycles and chemical and carbonation corrosion. The addition of silanes also results in the formation of chemical bonding across the interface, which is helpful for improving crack resistance. Additionally, mortar samples with γ-Glycidoxypropyl methyldimethoxysilane (GDMMS) show better freezing-thawing resistance and chemical corrosion resistance than do mortar samples with γ-aminopropytriethoxysilane and 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, because of the more effective interface between the GDMMS and mortar. For mortar samples with silanes, the effect of the types and quantity of silanes on the crack resistance of mortar and carbonation corrosion is not obvious. Scanning electron microscopy images show that silanes perform the networking and “coupling” effect to hold mortar particles, resulting in the improvement of mortar durability.
Identifying Genetic Players in Cell Sheet Morphogenesis Using a Drosophila Deficiency Screen for Genes on Chromosome 2R Involved in Dorsal Closure
Authors: Mortensen Richard D , Moore Regan P , Fogerson Stephanie M , Chiou Hellen Y , Obinero Chimdindu V , Prabhu Neel K , Wei Angela H , Crawford Janice M , Kiehart Daniel P 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Cell sheet morphogenesis characterizes key developmental transitions and homeostasis, in vertebrates and throughout phylogeny, including gastrulation, neural tube formation and wound healing. Dorsal closure, a process during Drosophila embryogenesis, has emerged as a model for cell sheet morphogenesis. ∼140 genes are currently known to affect dorsal closure and new genes are identified each year. Many of these genes were identified in screens that resulted in arrested development. Dorsal closure is remarkably robust and many questions regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in this complex biological process remain. Thus, it is important to identify all genes that contribute to the kinematics and dynamics of closure. Here, we used a set of large deletions (deficiencies), which collectively remove 98.5% of the genes on the right arm of Drosophila melanogaster’s 2nd chromosome to identify “dorsal closure deficiencies”. Through two crosses, we unambiguously identified embryos homozygous for each deficiency and time-lapse imaged them for the duration of closure. Images were analyzed for defects in cell shapes and tissue movements. Embryos homozygous for 47 deficiencies have notable, diverse defects in closure, demonstrating that a number of discrete processes comprise closure and are susceptible to mutational disruption. Further analysis of these deficiencies will lead to the identification of at least 30 novel “dorsal closure genes”. We expect that many of these novel genes will identify links to pathways and structures already known to coordinate various aspects of closure. We also expect to identify new processes and pathways that contribute to closure.
PEREMPUAN DAN KEKERASAN: Memposisikan Konsep Kekerasan Perspektif al-Qur’an
Authors: Zenrif M. Fauzan 
Published: May 2018

<p class="Bodytext20"><span lang="IN">Feminist discourse is always actual, inexhaustible and not tired of being discussed. When we are saturated with the problem of emancipation, then we speak feminism and gender equality, even now being warmly discussed the issue of violence against women. This paper discusses the truth of the Qur'anic concept of the potential of female violence supported by various social facts. Nowadays women's violence is much faster than men do. The crime of women is not only murder, robbery, mistreatment, demolition and theft, mugging, pickling and burning of houses, but also rape with violence. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the concept of women's empowerment that can eliminate, or at least minimize the possibility of polarization of women violence. This is because clearly in Indonesia the phenomenon of women's violence, both in the family and the public, the more transparent. In the view of the Qur'an, violence to anyone, any gender, and to any group, is not justified and contrary to humanitarian values</span></p><p class="Bodytext20"><span lang="IN"> </span></p><p class="Bodytext20">Diskursus keperempuanan memang selalu aktual, tak habis- habisnya dan tak bosan-bosannya dididiskusikan. <span lang="IN">K</span>etika kita jenuh dengan masalah emansipasi, kemudian kita berbicara feminisme dan kesataraan jender, sekarangpun sedang hangat didiskusikan masalah kekerasan terhadap perempuan.<span lang="IN"> Tulisan ini membahas k</span>ebenaran konsep al-Qur’an tentang potensi kekerasan perempuan <span lang="IN">yang </span>didukung fakta sosial <span lang="IN">yang beragam. Dewasa ini kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh perempuan jauh lebih cepat meningkat dibandingkan yang dilakukan oleh laki-laki. Kriminalitas perempuan tersebut tidak hanya pembunuhan, perampokan, penganiayaan, pembongkaran dan pencurian, penjambretan, pencopetan dan pembakaran rumah, tapi juga perkosaan disertai kekerasan. Untuk itu perlu rekonstruksi konsep pemberdayaan perempuan yang dapat menghilangkan, atau setidaknya meminimalisir kemungkinan terjadinya polarisasi kekerasan perempuan. Hal ini karena </span>jelas di Indonesia fenomena kekerasan perempuan, baik dalam keluarga maupun publik, semakin transparan. <span lang="IN">D</span>alam pandangan al-Qur’an, kekerasan pada siapapun, jenis kelamin apapun, dan pada kelompok manapun, tidak dibenarkan dan bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan</p>
Modelling of service reservoirs
Authors: Yeung Hoi 
Published: May 2018

Service reservoirs were built to provide the dual function of balancing supply with demand and provision of adequate head to maintain pressure throughout the distribution network. Changing demographics in the UK and reducing leakage have led to significant increases in water age and hence increased risk of poor water quality.
Computational fluid mechanics has been used to study the behaviour of a range of service reservoirs with a rectangular plan form. Detailed analysis of flow distribution and water age suggests that tanks with horizontal inlets are better mixed when compared with vertical top water level inlets. With increasing length to width ratio, the flow characteristics of tanks with vertical inlets increasingly resemble plug flow.
A new multi-channel reactor model was developed to model the recirculations in service reservoirs. This simple model can be used to characterise the flow characteristics of service reservoirs from tracer test results.
Comparison of quadratic and non-linear programming (QP and NLP) optimization models in groundwater management
Authors: Psilovikos Aris , Tzimopoulos Christos 
Published: May 2018

This project is concerned with the comparison of two algorithms used in groundwater management models, based on Quadratic Programming (QP) and Non-linear Programming (NLP) models.
A quadratic objective function is used and solved in two different ways. The first one is the application of the Karush–Kuhn–Tücker (KKT) conditions and Wolfe's algorithm, which are used in solving QP models. The second one is the Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM), which is used in solving NLP models.
Two additional ‘shell programs’ are created to formulate the results of the management model. These results are organized in a Mathematical Programming System (MPS) file. This is the management model output and contains the response matrix coefficients and all the management model details in a coded format. The MPS data file is formatted via the two shell programs, constituting the import data file for the optimization procedure that takes place with the GINO model and spreadsheets.
An application took place in an aquifer in Northern Greece, just on the border with the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). The phreatic aquifer was divided into 271 small square areas, 200 m wide. The total area of the aquifer was 10.84 km2. The time increment was equal to 1 month. Finally, the comparison of the two different optimization algorithms took place, concerning the pumping rates, the managed head distribution and the optimum pumping cost.
SEA LEVEL VARIATIONS IN THE GULF OF BOTHNIA
Authors: LISITZIN EUGENIE 
Published: May 2018

An attempt is made to compute the sea level variations in the Gulf of Bothnia, which is isolated by islands and thresholds from the Baltic Sea proper.
Observations from tide gauges during the 30-year period 1931–1960 were used.
The effect of land uplift was taken into consideration.
The maximum annual deviation in water volume from the long-term mean corresponded to 20.74 km3..
DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL DETERMINISTIC RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL
Authors: BERGSTRÖM STEN , FORSMAN ARNE 
Published: May 2018

This progress report outlines the main principles for the development of a simple conceptual rainfall-runoff model at the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute.
The HBV-2 Model is based on lumped-parameter approximations to the physical laws governing infiltration, percolation and runoff formation.
The time interval is one day. The model structure includes a soil moisture storage, an upper zone storage and a lower zone storage. A procedure for evaluating the parameter values is described.
Examples of applications to several test catchments in various hydrologic settings are included.
Ground Water Model for the Island of Anholt, Denmark
Authors: Schrøder Niels , Øbro Hans 
Published: May 2018

The development and application of a digital computer model of the ground water reservoir of the island of Anholt is described.
The model is based on a finite difference, two-dimensional approach. It was successfully used to investigate if the ground water at a planned well field might be polluted by sewage from nearby cesspools. Although the model is an approximation of the real aquifer conditions, the authors found the model very useful and suggest that modelling techniques be more widely used in ground water resource investigations.
Correlation Structure and Time Scale of Simple Hydrologic Systems
Authors: Gottschalk Lars 
Published: May 2018

Correlation structure of river runoff is a complicated set of different persistence phenomena in the watershed itself and in the meteorological input to the watershed.
Correlation functions and time scale of isolated processes in a watershed (groundwater level and river runoff) are derived analytically from the linearized equations of motion for these processes. Nonlinear effects on the correlation functions are shown for river runoff and for the watershed as a whole.
Interaction between Bedrock and Precipitation at Temperatures Close to 0°C
Authors: Rueslåtten Håkon G. , Jørgensen Per 
Published: May 2018

After a long period of snow melting and leaching, samples of snow and meltwater were collected. Chemical analysis revealed that the water composition changed radically during flow across the bedrock surface, even at low temperatures (0-2° C). A rapid increase in proton content occurred while the water was flowing along the bedrock/humus interface, followed by a rapid decrease and an equivalent increase in the content of Na+, Ca++, Mg++, and K+.
The proton content is attributed to proton producing reactions in the vegetation and in the humic layer, while the other cations are supposed to originate from the bedrock surface.
Data for water samples collected in August illustrate the influence of higher temperature upon biological processes and the rate of weathering. Water in fractures has high electrolyte content due to long contact time.
Scanning electron photomicrographs of the bedrock surface revealed that distinctive etch pits were developed on the feldspar surfaces due to. the weathering effects of the acid water.
Groundwater Chemistry of Some Selected Areas in Southeastern Norway
Authors: Englund Jens-Olaf , Myhrstad Jan Aug 
Published: May 2018

Within three areas in Southeastern Norway, Lake Mjøsa district, Ås and Moss - Jeløy, groundwater samples for chemical analysis were collected during the years 1971–77 from 98 drilled wells in bedrocks. The water was taken at depths ranging from 15 m to 110 m below the land surface. The groundwater surface is usually present well below the overlying unconsolidated deposits of glacial, glacifluvial or marine origin.
The movement of groundwater within the aquifers investigated is so slow that regional changes in water quality is not only dependent on weathering in the unsaturated zone, but also dependent on the solution of reservoir rocks below the groundwater surface. Variations in specific electrical conductance (20°C) largely reflects the different reservoir rock types. The highest values, around 550 μS/cm, are typically found in dark calcareous shales, while sandstones and gneisses give values around 300 μS/cm.
The areas Ås and Moss-Jeløy are situated below the Late-Postglacial marine limit. The groundwater is here more or less influenced by ancient sea salts, perhaps also by fossil sea water, left over in sediments or in rock fractures. Brackish groundwater was also found.
The composition of groundwater is largely governed by mineral-water equilibria. Most investigated water samples have not reached equilibrium with their surrounding minerals.
Comparison of Areal Snow Storage Sampling Procedures for Rangeland Watersheds
Authors: Rawls W. J. , Jackson T. J. , Zuzel J. F. 
Published: May 2018

The accuracy of photogrammetry in determining snow depth in mountainous rangeland watersheds was evaluated on a 0.41-km2 subbasin of the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, located in the Owyhee Mountains of southwestern Idaho. Random checking of over 50 points indicated that at a photo scale of 1:6000, snow depths were determined with a standard error of ± 15 cm for a mean snow depth of 1.2 m. On the average, only 6% of the snow depths less than 15.2 cm were photogrammetrically determined to be negative, and these were generally during the late melt season. The lag time between photography and the usable result and the need for a field survey to set ground control for each flight relegates this technique to a research tool, rather than an operational forecasting tool. Preliminary evaluation of snow water content on the watershed showed the water content varied according to aspect and deep drift locations. The deep drifts usually had a 6% greater snow water content than the nondrift areas.
Simple random, random stratified and two systems of square grids orientated in different directions were tested to determine the best sampling system to determine mean areal snow depth for a watershed. The grid system orientated in the direction of the predominant wind required fewer samples to produce the same accuracy for the snow cover ranging from 100 to 17%.