bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociating language and thought in human reasoning
Authors: Coetzee John P. , Johnson Micah A. , Lee Youngzie , Wu Allan D. , Iacoboni Marco , Monti Martin M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhat is the relationship between language and complex thought? In the context of deductive reasoning there are two main views. Under the first, which we label here the language-centric view, language is central to the syntax-like combinatorial operations of complex reasoning. Under the second, which we label here the language-independent view, these operations are dissociable from the mechanisms of natural language. We applied continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), a form of noninvasive neuromodulation, to healthy adult participants to transiently inhibit a subregion of Broca’s area (BA44) associated in prior work with parsing the syntactic relations of natural language. We similarly inhibited a subregion of dorsomedial frontal cortex (BA8) which has been associated with core features of logical reasoning. There was a significant interaction between task and stimulation site. Post hoc tests revealed that performance on a linguistic reasoning task, but not deductive reasoning task, was significantly impaired after inhibition of BA44, and performance on a deductive reasoning task, but not linguistic reasoning task, was decreased after inhibition of BA8 (however not significantly). Subsequent linear contrasts supported this pattern. These novel results suggest that deductive reasoning may be dissociable from linguistic processes in the adult human brain, consistent with the language-independent view.
Notch Controls Multiple Pancreatic Cell Fate Regulators Through Direct Hes1-mediated Repression
Authors: de Lichtenberg Kristian H. , Seymour Philip A. , Jørgensen Mette C. , Kim Yung-Hae , Grapin-Botton Anne , Magnuson Mark A. , Nakic Nikolina , Ferrer Jorge , Serup Palle 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNotch signaling and its effector Hes1 regulate multiple cell fate choices in the developing pancreas, but few direct target genes are known. Here we use transcriptome analyses combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify direct target genes of Hes1. ChIP-seq analysis of endogenous Hes1 in 266-6 cells, a model of multipotent pancreatic progenitor cells, revealed high-confidence peaks associated with 354 genes. Among these were genes important for tip/trunk segregation such asPtf1aandNkx6-1, genes involved in endocrine differentiation such asInsm1andDll4, and genes encoding non-pancreatic basic-Helic-Loop-Helix (bHLH) factors such asNeurog2andAscl1. Surprisingly, we find that Hes1 binds a large number of loci previously reported to bind Ptf1a, including a site downstream of theNkx6-1gene. Notably, we find a number of Hes1 bound genes that are upregulated by γ-secretase inhibition in pancreas explants independently ofNeurog3function, including the tip progenitor/acinar genes;Ptf1a, Gata4, Bhlha15, andGfi1. Together, our data suggest that Notch signaling suppress the tip cell fate by Hes1-mediated repression of the tip-specific gene regulatory network module that includes transcriptional regulators such as Ptf1a, Gata4, Mist1, and Gfi1. Our data also uncover new molecular targets of Notch signaling that may be important for controlling cell fate choices in pancreas development.
Identification and Characterisation of the CD40-Ligand ofSigmodon hispidus
Authors: Russell Marsha S. , Muralidharan Abenaya , Larocque Louise , Cao Jingxin , Deschambault Yvon , Varga Jessie , Thulasi Raman Sathya N. , Li Xuguang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCotton rats are an important animal model to study infectious diseases. They have demonstrated higher susceptibility to a wider variety of human pathogens than other rodents and are also the animal model of choice for pre-clinical evaluations of some vaccine candidates. However, the genome of cotton rats remains to be fully sequenced, with much fewer genes cloned and characterised compared to other rodent species. Here we report the cloning and characterization of CD40 ligand, whose human and murine counterparts are known to be expressed on a range of cell types including activated T cells and B cells, dendritic cells, granulocytes, macrophages and platelets and exerts a broad array of immune responses. The cDNA for cotton rat CD40L we isolated is comprised of 1104 nucleotides with an open reading frame (ORF) of 783bp coding for a 260 amino acid protein. The recombinant cotton rat CD40L protein was recognized by an antibody against mouse CD40L. Moreover, it demonstrated functional activities on immature bone marrow dendritic cells by upregulating surface maturation markers (CD40, CD54, CD80, and CD86), and increasing IL-6 gene and protein expression. The availability of CD40L gene identity could greatly facilitate mechanistic research on pathogen-induced-immunopathogenesis and vaccine-elicited immune responses.
Gender and water management in Mexico
Authors: Silva Rodríguez de San Miguel Jorge Alejandro 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to survey water-governance issues impacting women in Mexico and steps that have been taken to rectify the issues, including factors that impact the success of such ventures.

Design/methodology/approach
Various major academic databases were searched for material pertaining to the issue of water management and gender in Mexico, such as EBSCOHost and JSTOR. Both global and regional concerns were a factor in this search. Material was considered on the basis of its recency, academic import, and specificity.

Findings
The review finds that though gender has become a primary concern in addressing water management and other environmental issues, debate has occurred as to whether a perspective of gender mainstreaming or gender-specific projects is preferable in addressing this issue. Although success in implementing gender mainstreaming has been attained by several major organizations, there does not yet exist conclusive evidence that this approach yields desired results.

Research limitations/implications
Information about the efficacy of water access programs is not always available and it is frequently inaccurate. Therefore, much information used in this review takes the form of observations about water policy and its efficacy in regard to gendered approaches.

Originality/value
Women and girls are unevenly affected by a lack of access to water, as it is typically women who bear the brunt of managing household water, and they are more significantly impacted by lacking hygiene facilities.
India's Search for Prosperity
Authors: Joshi Vijay 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhat should India do to become a prosperous, high‐income country within the next 25 years? In this Corden Lecture, I argue that India needs ‘more of the market’ as well as ‘more of the state’, each in its proper domain. This theme is elaborated by identifying and examining the following problem areas in India's economic landscape: dysfunctional subsidies and inefficient redistribution; labour market distortions and the employment problem; inefficient public‐sector enterprises; poor quality of primary education; and weakness of state capacity. The lecture ends with some reflections on India's democratic system, which provides the setting in which economic reform has to be implemented.
Why Are Australian Wages Lagging and What Can Be Done About It?
Authors: Isaac Joe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWages in Australia have lagged behind the growth in labour productivity in recent years. This has been associated with a significant change in the distribution of income in favour of high‐income earners. Although a number of factors appear to have been involved in this development, an important explanation is also to be found in the change in the balance of power in favour of employers and against workers and unions. As changes in industrial relations laws have contributed substantially to this imbalance, a return to the earlier laws may be necessary to restore the institutional mechanism for wages growth.
The Not‐So‐Strange Death of Multifactor Productivity Growth
Authors: Quiggin John 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe central theme of this article is the observation that improvements in information and communications technology (ICT) and in labour quality represent ‘embodied’ technological progress, as distinct from the ‘disembodied’ residual represented by multifactor productivity (MFP) growth. The seeming paradox of continued labour productivity growth combined with static MFP may be explained by the fact that technological progress is now mostly embodied in improved technology and better educated workers. The contribution from microeconomic reform has been, and is likely to remain, marginal.
Convergence of crisis response strategy and source credibility: Who can you trust?
Authors: Tkalac Verčič Ana , Verčič Dejan , Coombs W. Timothy 
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore how communicative responses and different sources of communication affect stakeholders’ perception of corporate reputation. The main goal was to explore the effects of crisis response strategy and source of crisis communication on organizational and speaker reputations. In a 2 × 2 scenario experiment, respondents judge corporate and speaker reputation of an imaginary organization. Apology as a strategy results in higher postcrisis reputation of both organization and speaker. However, the selection of the source has little effect on how people react to crisis response strategies. This means that a spokesperson can be as useful as a CEO which can be important if the CEO does not convey a positive presence on a screen.
Integrating Growth Variability of the Ilium, Fifth Lumbar Vertebra, and Clavicle with Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines Models for Subadult Age Estimation
Authors: Corron Louise , Marchal François , Condemi Silvana , Telmon Norbert , Chaumoitre Kathia , Adalian Pascal 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSubadult age estimation should rely on sampling and statistical protocols capturing development variability for more accurate age estimates. In this perspective, measurements were taken on the fifth lumbar vertebrae and/or clavicles of 534 French males and females aged 0–19 years and the ilia of 244 males and females aged 0–12 years. These variables were fitted in nonparametric multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) models with 95% prediction intervals (PIs) of age. The models were tested on two independent samples from Marseille and the Luis Lopes reference collection from Lisbon. Models using ilium width and module, maximum clavicle length, and lateral vertebral body heights were more than 92% accurate. Precision was lower for postpubertal individuals. Integrating punctual nonlinearities of the relationship between age and the variables and dynamic prediction intervals incorporated the normal increase in interindividual growth variability (heteroscedasticity of variance) with age for more biologically accurate predictions.
Seven years follow‐up of early repolarisation patterns in French elite special forces
Authors: Roche Nicolas‐Charles , Massoure Pierre‐Laurent , Deharo Jean‐Claude , Paule Philippe , Fourcade Laurent 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe early repolarization pattern (ERP) may be a marker of increased risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Influence of ethnicity on the ERP has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of ERP in a male multiethnic population.MethodsECG analysis was performed among consecutive recruits from the French Foreign Legion. ERP was characterized by a J‐point elevation ≥0.1 mV in two continuous inferior‐lateral leads, and high amplitude early repolarization (HAER—potentially malignant pattern) by an elevation ≥0.2 mV. Ethnical affiliation and level of physical activity were recorded.ResultsA total of 2508 healthy men (24 ± 5 years old) from 105 different native countries were divided into three ethnic groups: 1689 Whites, 388 Afro‐Caribbean, and 431 Asians. ERP was found in 489 recruits (19%), 14% in Whites, 33% in Afro‐Caribbeans, and 27% in Asians without any difference according to age and physical activity. Sub‐Saharan Africans or Caribbeans had the highest rate of ERP (30%), and Hispanics the lowest (8%). People from occidental countries, Middle East, Central Asia or India had a rate of 12%–18%, East and South‐Asia 20%–25%. Madagascar was an exception with only 16% of ERP. HAER (2.9%) was more frequent among Asian recruits. After 5 ± 2 years of follow up, one SCD occurred in the ERP group (p = 0.042).ConclusionThis study reports a large multiethnic analysis of ERP. HAER was more frequent in recruits from East and South‐East Asia where sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome is endemic.
Initial cooling time before freezing affects post‐thaw quality and reproductive performance of rabbit semen
Authors: Di Iorio Michele , Colonna Maria Antonietta , Miranda Marsia , Principe Paola , Schiavitto Michele , Cerolini Silvia , Manchisi Angelo , Iaffaldano Nicolaia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of initial cooling time at 5°C during semen cryopreservation on post‐thaw quality and reproductive performance of rabbit semen. Pooled semen samples (n = 6) were divided into two subsamples and cooled at 5°C for 45 or 90 min. After cooling, the semen samples were diluted to a ratio of 1:1 (v:v) with a freezing extender composed of Tris‐citrate‐glucose (TCG) containing 16% of dimethylsulfoxide and 0.1 mol/L sucrose. The semen was subsequently loaded in 0.25 ml straws, equilibrated at 5°C and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor. After thawing, sperm motility, viability, osmotic resistance, acrosome and DNA integrity were assessed. Our results indicate that the longer cooling time, that is, 90 min before cryopreservation significantly improves sperm post‐thaw viability, motility and fertility. In fact, reproductive performances obtained with semen frozen after a 90 min cooling time were similar to those produced by fresh semen insemination. Hence, the present research provides an effective freezing protocol for rabbit semen that will allow for the creation of a sperm cryobank for the conservation of Italian rabbit genetic resources, as well as the use of frozen semen doses in commercial farms.
Wavejets: A Local Frequency Framework for Shape Details Amplification
Authors: Béarzi Yohann , Digne Julie , Chaine Raphaëlle 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDetail enhancement is a well‐studied area of 3D rendering and image processing, which has few equivalents for 3D shape processing. To enhance details, one needs an efficient analysis tool to express the local surface dynamics. We introduce Wavejets, a new function basis for locally decomposing a shape expressed over the local tangent plane, by considering both angular oscillations of the surface around each point and a radial polynomial. We link the Wavejets coefficients to surface derivatives and give theoretical guarantees for their precision and stability with respect to an approximate tangent plane. The coefficients can be used for shape details amplification, to enhance, invert or distort them, by operating either on the surface point positions or on the normals. From a practical point of view, we derive an efficient way of estimating Wavejets on point sets and demonstrate experimentally the amplification results with respect to noise or basis truncation.
Watch to Edit: Video Retargeting using Gaze
Authors: Rachavarapu Kranthi Kumar , Kumar Moneish , Gandhi Vineet , Subramanian Ramanathan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present a novel approach to optimally retarget videos for varied displays with differing aspect ratios by preserving salient scene content discovered via eye tracking. Our algorithm performs editing with cut, pan and zoom operations by optimizing the path of a cropping window within the original video while seeking to (i) preserve salient regions, and (ii) adhere to the principles of cinematography. Our approach is (a) content agnostic as the same methodology is employed to re‐edit a wide‐angle video recording or a close‐up movie sequence captured with a static or moving camera, and (b) independent of video length and can in principle re‐edit an entire movie in one shot.Our algorithm consists of two steps. The first step employs gaze transition cues to detect time stamps where new cuts are to be introduced in the original video via dynamic programming. A subsequent step optimizes the cropping window path (to create pan and zoom effects), while accounting for the original and new cuts. The cropping window path is designed to include maximum gaze information, and is composed of piecewise constant, linear and parabolic segments. It is obtained via L(1) regularized convex optimization which ensures a smooth viewing experience. We test our approach on a wide variety of videos and demonstrate significant improvement over the state‐of‐the‐art, both in terms of computational complexity and qualitative aspects. A study performed with 16 users confirms that our approach results in a superior viewing experience as compared to gaze driven re‐editing [JSSH15] and letterboxing methods, especially for wide‐angle static camera recordings.
GazeDirector: Fully Articulated Eye Gaze Redirection in Video
Authors: Wood Erroll , Baltrušaitis Tadas , Morency Louis‐Philippe , Robinson Peter , Bulling Andreas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present GazeDirector, a new approach for eye gaze redirection that uses model‐fitting. Our method first tracks the eyes by fitting a multi‐part eye region model to video frames using analysis‐by‐synthesis, thereby recovering eye region shape, texture, pose, and gaze simultaneously. It then redirects gaze by 1) warping the eyelids from the original image using a model‐derived flow field, and 2) rendering and compositing synthesized 3D eyeballs onto the output image in a photorealistic manner. GazeDirector allows us to change where people are looking without person‐specific training data, and with full articulation, i.e. we can precisely specify new gaze directions in 3D. Quantitatively, we evaluate both model‐fitting and gaze synthesis, with experiments for gaze estimation and redirection on the Columbia gaze dataset. Qualitatively, we compare GazeDirector against recent work on gaze redirection, showing better results especially for large redirection angles. Finally, we demonstrate gaze redirection on YouTube videos by introducing new 3D gaze targets and by manipulating visual behavior.
String Art: Towards Computational Fabrication of String Images
Authors: Birsak Michael , Rist Florian , Wonka Peter , Musialski Przemyslaw 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper we propose a novel method for the automatic computation and digital fabrication of artistic string images. String art is a technique used by artists for the creation of abstracted images which are composed of straight lines of strings tensioned between pins distributed on a frame. Together the strings fuse to a perceptible image. Traditionally, artists craft such images manually in a highly sophisticated and tedious design process. To achieve this goal fully automatically we propose a computational setup driven by a discrete optimization algorithm which takes an ordinary picture as input and converts it into a connected graph of strings that tries to reassemble the input image best possibly. Furthermore, we propose a hardware setup for automatic digital fabrication of these images using an industrial robot that spans the strings. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our approach by generating and fabricating a set of real string art images.
Sequences with Low‐Discrepancy Blue‐Noise 2‐D Projections
Authors: Perrier Hélène , Coeurjolly David , Xie Feng , Pharr Matt , Hanrahan Pat , Ostromoukhov Victor 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDistributions of samples play a very important role in rendering, affecting variance, bias and aliasing in Monte‐Carlo and Quasi‐Monte Carlo evaluation of the rendering equation. In this paper, we propose an original sampler which inherits many important features of classical low‐discrepancy sequences (LDS): a high degree of uniformity of the achieved distribution of samples, computational efficiency and progressive sampling capability. At the same time, we purposely tailor our sampler in order to improve its spectral characteristics, which in turn play a crucial role in variance reduction, anti‐aliasing and improving visual appearance of rendering. Our sampler can efficiently generate sequences of multidimensional points, whose power spectra approach so‐called Blue‐Noise (BN) spectral property while preserving low discrepancy (LD) in certain 2‐D projections.In our tile‐based approach, we perform permutations on subsets of the original Sobol LDS. In a large space of all possible permutations, we select those which better approach the target BN property, using pair‐correlation statistics. We pre‐calculate such “good” permutations for each possible Sobol pattern, and store them in a lookup table efficiently accessible in runtime. We provide a complete and rigorous proof that such permutations preserve dyadic partitioning and thus the LDS properties of the point set in 2‐D projections. Our construction is computationally efficient, has a relatively low memory footprint and supports adaptive sampling. We validate our method by performing spectral/discrepancy/aliasing analysis of the achieved distributions, and provide variance analysis for several target integrands of theoretical and practical interest.
Single‐image Tomography: 3D Volumes from 2D Cranial X‐Rays
Authors: Henzler Phlipp , Rasche Volker , Ropinski Timo , Ritschel Tobias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs many different 3D volumes could produce the same 2D x‐ray image, inverting this process is challenging. We show that recent deep learning‐based convolutional neural networks can solve this task. As the main challenge in learning is the sheer amount of data created when extending the 2D image into a 3D volume, we suggest firstly to learn a coarse, fixed‐resolution volume which is then fused in a second step with the input x‐ray into a high‐resolution volume. To train and validate our approach we introduce a new dataset that comprises of close to half a million computer‐simulated 2D x‐ray images of 3D volumes scanned from 175 mammalian species. Future applications of our approach include stereoscopic rendering of legacy x‐ray images, re‐rendering of x‐rays including changes of illumination, view pose or geometry. Our evaluation includes comparison to previous tomography work, previous learning methods using our data, a user study and application to a set of real x‐rays.
Deep Joint Design of Color Filter Arrays and Demosaicing
Authors: Henz Bernardo , Gastal Eduardo S. L. , Oliveira Manuel M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present a convolutional neural network architecture for performing joint design of color filter array (CFA) patterns and demosaicing. Our generic model allows the training of CFAs of arbitrary sizes, optimizing each color filter over the entire RGB color space. The patterns and algorithms produced by our method provide high‐quality color reconstructions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by showing that its results achieve higher PSNR than the ones obtained with state‐of‐the‐art techniques on all standard demosaicing datasets, both for noise‐free and noisy scenarios. Our method can also be used to obtain demosaicing strategies for pre‐defined CFAs, such as the Bayer pattern, for which our results also surpass even the demosaicing algorithms specifically designed for such a pattern.