bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Linkage among Strong Stratospheric Mass Circulation, Stratospheric Sudden Warming, and Cold Weather Events
Authors: Yu Yueyue , Cai Ming , Shi Chunhua , Ren Rongcai 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
It is well established that sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events tend to be accompanied by continental-scale, surface cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) in midlatitudes in boreal winter. However, SSW events occur at most one to two times per winter, whereas CAOs occur three to seven times over each of the North American and Eurasian continents. Using the ERA-Interim dataset for 37 winters (November–March) from 1979 to 2016, we reveal that SSW events correspond to a large-amplitude or long-lasting subset of pulse-like, anomalously strong, stratospheric mass circulation events. The anomalously strong, stratospheric mass circulation events (referred to as PULSE events) occur more than nine times in an average winter. The “displacement” versus “split” types of SSWs tend to correspond to the “wavenumber 1” versus “wavenumber 2” types of PULSEs, though the relationship between split-type SSWs and wavenumber-2-type PULSEs is weaker. Like SSW events, PULSEs also have a close relationship with CAOs. The robust relationship with CAOs still holds for the PULSE events not accompanied by SSW events. Using PULSE events, we determine that more than 70% of CAOs in the 37 winters occur in the week before and after a PULSE event, with a false alarm rate of CAO occurrence of about 25.7%. SSW events, however, are associated with only about 5.7% of CAOs, with a false alarm rate of 21.7%. Therefore, the linkage between individual continental-scale CAOs and PULSE events represents a more generalized relationship between the stratospheric circulation anomalies and surface weather. PULSE signals should also be considered as a potentially useful stratospheric indicator of the occurrence of individual CAO events.
Macitentan reduces progression of TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Bellaye Pierre-Simon , Yanagihara Toyoshi , Granton Elise , Sato Seidai , Shimbori Chiko , Upagupta Chandak , Imani Jewel , Hambly Nathan , Ask Kjetil , Gauldie Jack , Iglarz Marc , Kolb Martin 
Published: July 2018

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with an unknown cause. Two drugs, nintedanib and pirfenidone, have been shown to slow, but not stop, disease progression. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent complication in IPF patients and is associated with poor prognosis. Macitentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist that is approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment. We hypothesised that using macitentan to treat animals with pulmonary fibrosis induced by adenoviral vector encoding biologically active transforming growth factor-β1 (AdTGF-β1) would improve the PH caused by chronic lung disease and would limit the progression of fibrosis.Rats (Sprague Dawley) which received AdTGF-β1 were treated by daily gavage of macitentan (100 mg·kg−1·day−1), pirfenidone (0.5% food admix) or a combination from day 14 to day 28. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was measured before the rats were killed, and fibrosis was subsequently evaluated by morphometric measurements and hydroxyproline analysis.AdTGF-β1 induced pulmonary fibrosis associated with significant PH. Macitentan reduced the increase in PAP and both macitentan and pirfenidone stopped fibrosis progression from day 14 to day 28. Macitentan protected endothelial cells from myofibroblast differentiation and apoptosis whereas pirfenidone only protected against fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Both drugs induced apoptosis of differentiated myofibroblastsin vitroandin vivo.Our results demonstrate that dual endothelin receptor antagonism was effective in both PH and lung fibrosis whereas pirfenidone only affected fibrosis.
Role of (myo)fibroblasts in the development of vascular and connective tissue structure of the C38 colorectal cancer in mice
Authors: Bugyik Edina , Szabó Vanessza , Dezső Katalin , Rókusz András , Szücs Armanda , Nagy Péter , Tóvári József , László Viktória , Döme Balázs , Paku Sándor 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unclear if the vascular and connective tissue structures of primary and metastatic tumors are intrinsically determined or whether these characteristics are defined by the host tissue. Therefore we examined the microanatomical steps of vasculature and connective tissue development of C38 colon carcinoma in different tissues.MethodsTumors produced in mice at five different locations (the cecal wall, skin, liver, lung, and brain) were analyzed using fluorescent immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWe found that in the cecal wall, skin, liver, and lung, resident fibroblasts differentiate into collagenous matrix‐producing myofibroblasts at the tumor periphery. These activated fibroblasts together with the produced matrix were incorporated by the tumor. The connective tissue development culminated in the appearance of intratumoral tissue columns (centrally located single microvessels embedded in connective tissue and smooth muscle actin‐expressing myofibroblasts surrounded by basement membrane). Conversely, in the brain (which lacks fibroblasts), C38 metastases only induced the development of vascularized desmoplastic tissue columns when the growing tumor reached the fibroblast‐containing meninges.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the desmoplastic host tissue response is induced by tumor‐derived fibrogenic molecules acting on host tissue fibroblasts. We concluded that not only the host tissue characteristics but also the tumor‐derived fibrogenic signals determine the vascular and connective tissue structure of tumors.
Randomized Trial of Systemic Therapy After Involved-Field Radiotherapy in Patients With Early-Stage Follicular Lymphoma: TROG 99.03
Authors: MacManus Michael , Fisher Richard , Roos Daniel , O’Brien Peter , Macann Andrew , Davis Sidney , Tsang Richard , Christie David , McClure Bev , Joseph David , Jayamohan Jayasingham , Seymour John F. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose Follicular lymphoma (FL) is curable by involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) in < 50% of patients with stage I to II disease. We hypothesized that adding systemic therapy to IFRT would improve long-term progression-free survival (PFS). Patients and Methods A multicenter randomized controlled trial enrolled patients with stage I to II low-grade FL after staging computed tomography scans and bone marrow biopsies. 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (PET) was not mandatory. Patients were randomly assigned to either arm A (30 Gy IFRT alone) or arm B (IFRT plus six cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone [CVP]). From 2006, rituximab was added to arm B (R-CVP). Results Between 2000 and 2012, 150 patients were enrolled, 75 per arm. In arm B, 44 patients were allocated to receive CVP and 31 were allocated to receive R-CVP. At randomization, 75% had stage I, the median age was 57 years, 52% were male, and 48% were PET staged. With a median follow-up of 9.6 years (range, 3.1 to 15.8 years), PFS was superior in arm B (hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.95; P = .033). Ten-year PFS rates were 59% (95% CI, 46% to 74%) and 41% (95% CI, 30% to 57%) for arms B and A, respectively. Patients in arm B who received R-CVP had markedly superior PFS compared with contemporaneous patients in arm A (hazard ratio, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.97; P = .045). Fewer involved regions ( P = .047) and PET staging ( P = .056) were associated with better PFS. Histologic transformation occurred in four and 10 patients in arms B and A, respectively ( P = .1). Ten deaths occurred in arm A versus five in arm B, but overall survival was not significantly different ( P = .40; 87% and 95% at 10 years, respectively). Conclusion Systemic therapy with R-CVP after IFRT reduced relapse outside radiation fields and significantly improved PFS. IFRT followed by immunochemotherapy is more effective than IFRT in early-stage FL.
ENTREVISTA: O PROTAGONISMO DE MULHERES NEGRAS NA CIDADE DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO, SP.
Authors: De Oliveira Maria Helena Ramos , Ferreira Adria Maria Bezerra , Santos Maria Elisabeth Rosa dos 
Published: July 2018

A entrevista foca duas mulheres líderes em educação, que atuam na organização não governamental Casa da Mulher – Associação de Estudo e Pesquisa de Ribeirão Preto, no estado de São Paulo. São elas: Adria Maria Bezerra Ferreira, professora aposentada, atual presidenta da Casa da Mulher, professora, sambista e ativista do Movimento Negro. Maria Helena Ramos de Oliveira, artista plástica, mestre em Arte afro-latinoamericana e caribenha pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Integração da América Latina da Universidade de São Paulo, escritora e poeta. Aos 75 anos de vida, Maria Helena Ramos de Oliveira e Adria Maria Bezerra Ferreira permanecem no cenário cultural de Ribeirão Preto produzindo narrativas, que não se restringem ao contexto local, pois há décadas participam da organização e lutas dos movimentos Negro e o de Mulheres. São educadoras culturais que vivenciam as intersecções de classe, raça-etnia, gênero e principalmente geração, pois participam com a juventude negra da mobilização poética contemporânea nos encontros do Sarau Preto. A entrevistadora é Maria Elisabeth Rosa dos Santos, pedagoga, supervisora da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Mauá, São Paulo e membro WLE desde 2013, quando representou o Brasil na 4th WLE Conference, em Apam, Gana, África. A conversa aproxima duas cidades do estado de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, conhecida como a California brasileira e Mauá, município da região metropolitana, que recebeu em 2013 o selo de cidade Educadora da UNESCO.
Game Analysis of Risk Factors under Export Credit Insurance Finance
Authors: Shi Yanjing , Wang Haiyan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Export credit insurance plays an important role in promoting exportation, and thus it represents a guarantee of payment receivable for exporter. It not only offers a good way to disperse and release risk caused by uncertainty of foreign countries and importers’ credit, but also inspires a good finance support for exporter. Export corporations can apply loan from banks easily with the guarantee of export credit insurance. Characterized with lower threshold, export credit insurance finance(ECIF) becomes a good funding choice especially for small and medium companies and brings considerable intermediate businesses to commercial banks. Despite the benefits of ECIF, false trades appear frequently due to the intricate risks that are hard to be measured by quantitative method. The risks covered by export credit insurance include commercial risk and political risk. Commercial risks can be classified by two reasons: importer bankruptcy and importer collusion with exporter. The risk of insolvency can be measured by modern credit risk models, however, the probability that importer breaches a contract due to dishonesty is hard to be discerned because of information asymmetry and high cost of investigation. In ECIF, the risk is even harder to be measured as risks form both importer and exporter are involved. Game theory is widely used in adverse selection and moral hazard. The application of game theory inspired a microeconomic way of risk analysis in ECIF. The case of ECIF can be a seen as a game among the export enterprise, importer, insurer and bank. This paper will figure out the utility of each party under certain default situation and analyze each risk factor. We adopt joint game approach and tree model to obtain the equilibrium result. The purpose is to maximize the expected utility of each party and minimize the probability of exporter and importer’s collusion as they are the core reasons for the loss of commercial bank and export credit agency (ECA). Since the export credit insurance industry and related risk research are still in the early stage in China, we hope this study can enlighten a new way of risk analysis on ECIF.
Tele-Communications 2.0: The Age of the Internet
Authors: Jerbashian Vahagn , Kochanova Anna 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Over the past few decades, the Internet has become the major tool for communication, greatly replacing the traditional telecommunication technologies. We use industry-level evidence from 21 European countries and the period 1997–2007 and identify the changing effects of traditional telecommunication technologies and the Internet on the functioning of markets. Specifically, we show that the effect of the traditional telecommunication technologies on competition in services and goods markets has dissipated and has become insignificant during this period. In contrast, the effect of the Internet has gained a significant momentum.
Uniform Price Auctions with Asymmetric Bidders
Authors: Bourjade Sylvain 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn uniform price auctions, multiple prices are sustainable in equilibrium as a result of the market power of bidders. I show that low price equilibria are removed in a framework with asymmetric bidders who cannot anticipate the seller’s rationing strategy. Attracting high cost bidders’ participation in the auction induces the low cost bidders to bid more aggressively in order to eliminate the high cost bidders. Ex-post optimal equilibria with non-increasing demand schedules only exist when the seller is allowed to use any degree of rationing.
Compactness criteria for real algebraic sets and Newton polyhedra
Authors: Pham Phu Phat , Pham Tien Son 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Let

f
:

ℝ
n

→
ℝ

{f\colon\mathbb{R}^{n}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}}

be a polynomial and

𝒵
⁢

(
f
)

{\mathcal{Z}(f)}

its zero set. In this paper, in terms of the so-called Newton polyhedron of f, we present
a necessary criterion and a sufficient condition for the compactness of

𝒵
⁢

(
f
)

{\mathcal{Z}(f)}

. From this we derive necessary and sufficient criteria for the stable compactness of

𝒵
⁢

(
f
)

{\mathcal{Z}(f)}

.
Unit-graphs and special unit-digraphs on matrix rings
Authors: Demiroğlu Karabulut Yeşi̇m 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We use the unit-graphs and the special unit-digraphs on matrix rings to show that every

n
×
n

{n\times n}

nonzero matrix over

𝔽
q

{{\mathbb{F}}_{q}}

can be written as a sum of two

SL
n

{\operatorname{SL}_{n}}

-matrices when

n
>
1

{n>1}

. We compute the eigenvalues of these graphs in terms of Kloosterman sums and study their spectral properties; and we prove that if X is a subset of

Mat
2

⁡

(

𝔽
q

)

{\operatorname{Mat}_{2}({\mathbb{F}}_{q})}

with size

|
X
|

>

2
⁢

q
3

⁢

q

/

(

q
-
1

)

{\lvert X\rvert>2q^{3}\sqrt{q}/(q-1)}

, then X contains at least two distinct matrices whose difference has determinant α for any

α
∈

𝔽
q
∗

{\alpha\in{\mathbb{F}}_{q}^{\ast}}

. Using this result, we also prove a sum-product type result: if

A
,
B
,
C
,
D

⊆

𝔽
q

{A,B,C,D\subseteq{\mathbb{F}}_{q}}

satisfy

|
A
|

⁢

|
B
|

⁢

|
C
|

⁢

|
D
|

4

=

Ω
⁢

(

q
0.75

)

{\sqrt[4]{\lvert A\rvert\lvert B\rvert\lvert C\rvert\lvert D\rvert}=\Omega(q^{%
0.75})}

as

q
→
∞

{q\rightarrow\infty}

, then

(

A
-
B

)

⁢

(

C
-
D

)

{(A-B)(C-D)}

equals all of

𝔽
q
∗

{{\mathbb{F}}_{q}^{\ast}}

. In particular, if A is a subset of

𝔽
q

{{\mathbb{F}}_{q}}

with cardinality

|
A
|

>

3
2

⁢

q

3
/
4

{\lvert A\rvert>\frac{3}{2}q^{3/4}}

, then the subset

(

A
-
A

)

⁢

(

A
-
A

)

{(A-A)(A-A)}

equals all of

𝔽
q

{{\mathbb{F}}_{q}}

. We derive some identities involving character sums of the entries of

2
×
2

{2\times 2}

matrices over finite fields. We also recover a classical result: every element in any finite ring of odd order can be written as the sum of two units.
“It’s funny if the group says so”: Group norms moderate disparaging humor appreciation
Authors: Gutiérrez Catalina Argüello , Carretero-Dios Hugo , Willis Guillermo B. , Morales Miguel Moya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that group norms would have an effect on humor appreciation, specifically on ingroup disparaging humor. In this study (N=195), participants were exposed to two humor conditions (neutral or ingroup disparaging humor) and to two group norms regarding humor appreciation (favoring or rejecting). Favoring group norm had a direct effect on the funniness scores. Moreover, an interaction effect of group norm and type of humor was found on the humor appreciation. When the group norm was rejecting, appreciation of the two different types of humor was different, whereas in the favoring group norm, no statistically significant differences were observed. Additionally, for the disparaging humor exposure, a favoring group norm promoted a greater acceptation of the stereotypical characteristics presented in the disparaging humor as realistic and representative of the ingroup. These results suggest that group norms act as important contextual information that influences disparaging humor appreciation.
Beneficial effect of β-elemene alone and in combination with hyperbaric oxygen in traumatic brain injury by inflammatory pathway
Authors: Meng Xiangen , Li Na , Zhang Yu , Fan Danfeng , Yang Chen , Li Hang , Guo Dazhi , Pan Shuyi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Present study evaluates the neuroprotective effect of β-elemene alone and in combination with hyperbaric oxygen (HO) in traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methodology
TBI was induced by dropping a weight from a specific height. All the animals were separated in to five groups (n=20) like control group; TBI group; β-elemene treated group which receives β-elemene (100 mg/kg, i.p.) half an hour after the injury; HO group which receives hyperbaric oxygen therapy and β-elemene + HO group which receives β-elemene (100 mg/kg, i.p.) half an hour after the injury and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Neurological function was assessed to evaluate the effect of β-elemene in TBI rats. Thereafter level of inflammatory cytokines and expression of protein of inflammatory pathway was assessed in the brain tissues of TBI rats. In addition TUNEL assay was also done for the determination apoptosis in neuronal cells.

Result
Data of the report reveals that β-elemene alone and in combination with hyperbaric oxygen (HO) significantly decreases the neurological score Compared to TBI group. Moreover level of inflammatory cytokines and expression of LTR4 and casepase 3 significantly decrease and increase in the expression of IkB in β-elemene alone and in combination with hyperbaric oxygen (HO) treated group compared to TBI group. Data of TUNEL assay also reveals that β-elemene treated group shows significant decrease in the TUNEL positive cells and apoptosis index compared to TBI group.

Conclusion
Thus present study concludes the neuroprotective effect of β-elemene against TBI and it shows synergistic effect on TBI when treated with HO.
El uso de captadores de la atención por niños en ambientes formales e informales
Authors: Delegado Chinchilla María Del Carmen 
Published: July 2018

Dos factores principales en los intercambios conversacionales: en primer lugar, la intención comunicativa y segundo, la sociedad misma. Este documento se centra en un tipo de acto comunicativo definido por Michael McTear (1985) como el captador de la atención. Captar la atención es, de acuerdo con McTear, dispositivos multifuncionales utilizados por el hablante para iniciar un intercambio o para establecer la comunicación después de varios intentos fallidos. La intención del hablante, un niño en este caso, es captar la atención de los adultos cuando necesita ayuda para realizar algún tipo de tarea escolar. En general, este trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio observacional en el que los niños, en edades de seis a doce, interactuan en el aula y en la biblioteca de la escuela. Se supone, pues, que si se les ha dado la instrucción adecuada, el niño necesitará muy poca ayuda, pero si por alguna razón, el niño no entiende el mensaje del maestro, él / ella va a hacer uso de captar la atención con el fin de establecer la comunicación . Por otra parte, el niño va a utilizar captar la atención para obtener información o para participar en las actividades de clase. Two main factors condition conversational exchanges: fírst, the communicative intent and second, society itself. This paper concentrates on one type of communicative act defined by Michael McTear (1985) as the attention getter. Attention getters are, according to McTear, multifunctional devices used by the speaker to initiate an exchange or to establish communication after various unsuccessful attempts. The intention of the speaker, a child in this case, is to capture the attention of the adult whenever help is needed to perform some kind of school task. In general, this paper presents the results of an observational study in which children, ages six to twelve, interact in the classroom and in the school library. It is assumed, then that if proper instruction has been given, the child will need very little help, but if for some reason, the child does not understand the teacher's message, he/she will make use of attention getters in order to establish communication. Furthermore, the child will use attention getters to obtain information or to participate in class activities.
La germanofobia de Vicente Blasco en <i>Los cuatro jinetes del Apocalipsis</i>
Authors: Wedel Alfred 
Published: July 2018

A pesar de la investigación más reciente sobre la obra de Blasco Ibáñez, algunas de las deficiencias de su novela titulada Los cuatro jinetes del Apocalipsis nunca se han señalado. La falta de motivación psicológica en las escenas de guerra, la interpretación errónea de la historia alemana, y la dicotomía blanco-negro en su interpretación de los alemanes frente a los franceses son cosas que pueden, de hecho, ser llamados los defectos de la novela. El extraordinario éxito de este trabajo en los Estados Unidos se debe a su gran atractivo emocional para el lector, debido al hecho de que el espíritu anti-alemán en el que la novela fue compuesta apeló al estado de ánimo anti-alemán reinante en los Estados Unidos después de la Guerra . Y, sin embargo, la antipatía de Blasco Ibáñez hacia los alemanes no puede tomarse demasiado en serio, ya que no hay otra cara de este autor, que admiraba la misma gente que eligió para atacar. In spite of the more recent research on Blasco Ibáñez's work, some of the shortcomings of his novel entitled The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse have never been pointed out. The lack of any psychological motivation in the war scenes, the erroneous interpretation of German history, and the black-white dichotomy in his portrayal of the Germans versus the French are things that can, indeed, be called the shortcomings of the novel. The extraordinary success of this work in America was due to its great emotional appeal to the reader, owing to the fact that the anti-German spirit in which the novel was composed appealed to the anti-German mood reigning in the United States after the War. And yet, Blasco Ibáñez's antipathy towards the Germans cannot be taken too seriously, since there there is another side of this author which admired the very same people he chose to attack.
El incesto en <i>Cien años de soledad</i>: ¿Un camino liberador hacia la integración de la estirpe?
Authors: Chinchilla Sánchez Kattia 
Published: July 2018

En Cien años de soledad de García Márquez , el incesto es el aspecto más estudiado y todos los autores deducen que fue el castigo de una familia condenada a "cien años de soledad". Presento una nueva versión de este tema: el incesto es un verdadero camino hacia la libertad y la integración psicológica se combinan tanto naturaleza, humano y animal, muestra las zonas conscientes e inconscientes en una forma de unidad.