bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of polyethylene glycol on mechanical properties of bamboo fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid composites
Authors: Long Haibo , Wu Zhiqiang , Dong Qianqian , Shen Yuting , Zhou Wuyi , Luo Ying , Zhang Chaoqun , Dong Xianming 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe bamboo fiber (BF)‐reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites were prepared using the twin‐screw extruder and injection molding. Thermal gravimetric analyzer results indicated the thermal stability of BF/PLA composites decreased with increasing BF content. Differential scanning calorimeter and X‐ray diffraction curves showed that BF played a role as a nucleating agent, but the crystallinity of composite materials decreased with the increasing BF content. The melt flow rate of composites reduced with the increase in BF content, resulting in a poorer processing property. The processability of the composites was improved with the addition of high molecular polyethylene glycol (PEG). Mechanics performance test showed that tensile strength and bending strength of composites increased at low loading with the BF content increased then decreased when the loading continued to increase. The tensile strength of the composite materials reached 65.46 MPa when alkali‐treated BF (ABF) content was 20 wt %. The flexural strength of the composites reached 97.94 MPa when ABF content was 10 wt %. Impact performance has also been improved. PEG‐20000 was the best plasticizer among the PEG‐6000，PEG‐10000, and PEG‐20000. When the component of PEG was 10 wt %, the elongation increased by 56%. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) result showed that the fracture of the composites was smooth, most ABF were wrapped in matrix and distribution of ABF in PLA matrix was more uniform. It means that interfacial compatibility of bamboo fiber and PLA improved after BF modified by alkali. High molecular weight PEG enhance melt flow ability of polymer, result in fibers were further enclosed in the PLA matrix and increase properties of composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47709.
Migratory connectivity and local site fidelity in red knots on the southern Pacific coast of South America
Authors: Navedo Juan G. , Gutiérrez Jorge S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

The red knot Calidris canutus, a flagship migratory waterbird species, continues to decline within the Americas. One major unanswered question is the status and connectivity of birds spending the non‐breeding season on the southern Pacific coast of South America. Answering this question will provide a useful geographic endpoint that could enhance ongoing conservation efforts.
Red knots on Chiloé Island (43°S, Chile) were studied during four consecutive non‐breeding seasons (2014–2018) using systematic counts and resightings of ringed individuals in two shallow bays with known aggregations of other shorebird species.
Maximum seasonal abundances (±SD) at each bay (68.8 ± 13.4; 85.0 ± 13.2) were similar across years. However, actual abundance on Chiloé is probably higher, as other suitable habitats were not surveyed.
A total of 55 resightings corresponding to 14 individuals were recorded. The majority (72%) was for birds present during consecutive seasons; there were no recorded interchanges between bays. All birds, but one in Argentina, were ringed on the Atlantic coast of the USA (mainly the Gulf of Mexico) during their spring (northward) migration.
Mark–resight data reveal a strong migratory connectivity between the southern Pacific coast of South America and the Atlantic coast of North America for this small but regular population of a highly imperilled species. Data also suggest that the red knots on Chiloé might be considered a separate conservation unit (most likely subspecies rufa). Thus, there is an urgent need to conduct comprehensive studies on Chiloé Island for the conservation of the intraspecific diversity of this migratory flagship species.
Association Between Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Preschool Children Enrolled in the Study to Explore Early Development
Authors: Soke Gnakub N. , Maenner Matthew , Windham Gayle , Moody Eric , Kaczaniuk Jamie , DiGuiseppi Carolyn , Schieve Laura A. 
Published: March 2019

Studies report inconsistent findings on the relationship between ASD and breastfeeding. We explored associations between ASD and breastfeeding initiation (yes/no) and duration (months categorized in tertiles) in the Study to Explore Early Development, a community‐based case–control study in six sites in the Unites States. We adjusted for various child and mother demographic and pregnancy factors. Breastfeeding initiation was reported in 85.7% of mothers of children with ASD and 90.6% of mothers of controls. After adjustment, we found no significant difference in breastfeeding initiation (adjusted odds‐ratio [aOR]: 0.88 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–1.28). However, mothers of children with ASD were less likely to report duration of breastfeeding in the high (≥12 months) versus low tertile (<6 months) (aOR and 95% CI: 0.61 [0.45–0.84]) or the middle (6–<12 months) versus low tertile (0.72: 0.54–0.98). The association of ASD and breastfeeding duration was slightly attenuated when the presence of the broader autism phenotype (BAP) in the mother was accounted for, but still remained for the highest tertile. This association does not appear to be totally explained by maternal BAP. We were unable to distinguish whether the difference in duration was due to difficulties breastfeeding children who later develop ASD, other factors not adjusted in our study, or greater ASD risk resulting from shorter breastfeeding duration. Longitudinal studies that compare reasons why mothers stop breastfeeding between ASD and controls and establish a temporal relation between ASD and breastfeeding are needed. Future studies should also evaluate interactions between ASD risk genes and breastfeeding. Autism Research 2019, 12: 816–829. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryIn this study, we compared breastfeeding practices between mothers of children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found that the percentage of mothers who started breastfeeding was similar between the two groups, but mothers of children with ASD breastfed for a shorter amount of time compared to mothers of children without ASD. Future studies are needed to evaluate the reasons why the duration of breastfeeding was shorter for mothers of children with ASD compared to those without ASD.
Vanadium Oxide Nanosheets for Flexible Dendrite‐Free Hybrid Aluminium‐Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Excellent Cycling Performance
Authors: Gong Xuefei , Chen Jingwei , Li Shaohui , Mohrhusen Lars , Al‐Shamery Katharina , Lee Pooi S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Pooi See Lee's group. The image shows the hybrid Al‐Li‐ion batteries with Al as anode and mixed Al3+ and Li+ ions based electrolyte. Owing to the low cost, high volumetric capacities and dendrite‐free characteristics of Al as anode and improved kinetics of utilizing the mixed electrolytes, the hybrid Al‐Li‐ion batteries deliver competitive advantages among various energy storage devices. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/batt.201800108.
Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Carbonbeton‐Plattenbrücken mit C‐förmiger Querkraftbewehrung
Authors: Bielak Jan , Bergmann Sarah , Hegger Josef 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAnders als die Biegebemessung stellt die Querkraftbemessung von Carbonbeton Planer und Forscher noch vor grundlegende Fragen. Während für dünne Platten ohne Querkraftbewehrung bereits zahlreiche Anwendungen und erste bauaufsichtliche Zulassungen vorliegen, besteht für den technischen und wirtschaftlichen Praxiseinsatz von Bauteilen mit Querkraftbewehrung aus nichtmetallischen Textilien noch Forschungsbedarf. Für den Neubau zweier schiefwinkliger Straßenbrücken aus Carbonbeton wurden statische und zyklische Versuche an Plattenstreifen mit C‐förmiger Querkraftbewehrung am Institut für Massivbau der RWTH Aachen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse überraschen mit einer sehr geringen Streuung und einem gutmütigen Ermüdungsverhalten. Insgesamt sind deutliche Parallelen zum Querkraftversagen bei Stahlbeton oder Beton mit stabförmiger Faserverbundkunststoff(FVK)‐Bewehrung erkennbar. Der Beitrag zeigt praxisnah die Anwendungsmöglichkeit und die weiteren Herausforderungen für den Einsatz von Carbonbeton auch abseits von filigranen Einzelanwendungen und architektonischen Kunstobjekten.
Experiences from placing Stack Overflow at the core of an intermediate programming course
Authors: López‐Nores Martín , Blanco‐Fernández Yolanda , Bravo‐Torres Jack F. , Pazos‐Arias José J. , Gil‐Solla Alberto , Ramos‐Cabrer Manuel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivist methodologies do not align well the learning requirements of modern‐day computer science and software engineering, and major universities are moving from the old standards towards “learning by doing” approaches. We discuss the redesign of an intermediate Computer Programming course taught at the University of Vigo (Spain), seeking to promote question‐and‐answer websites for programmers as the main source of reference for the students, and turning the teacher into a permanent observer who delivers pertinent advice. The change of programming language, from Java to JavaScript, is also justified. A comparative experiment was conducted with 126 undergraduate students in Vigo (Spain) and Cuenca (Ecuador), revealing advantages in terms of understanding (22% increase in comprehension of new programming constructs), problem‐solving capabilities (16% improvement in correct operation of the developed systems) and even greater clarity in communication and documentation (53% better), along with positive perceptions by the students (19% increase).
Does single‐valve surgery cause ischemia?
Authors: Shatila Wassim , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: March 2019

Key Points

Isolated valve surgery is associated with a small incidence of postoperative PCI.
PCI after single‐valve surgery is associated with elevated mortality and morbidity risk.
Possible mechanisms for cardiac ischemia include iatrogenic causes (such as suture‐related or air embolism), intimal hyperplasia, and immunologic reaction to the valve prosthesis.
The calculus of preloading antiplatelet agents in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: Does it make a difference?
Authors: Seto Arnold H. , Kern Morton J. 
Published: March 2019

Key Points

There is limited evidence supporting the preloading of potent oral P2Y12 inhibitors in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
This study demonstrates that longer pretreatment times were associated with improved angiographic coronary flow grades and ST‐segment resolution.
Although larger studies would be needed to prove a clinical benefit, in the absence of harm preloading in STEMI would be the most reasonable strategy.
Milling and baking quality of hexaploid spring wheat starch synthase IIa (ssIIa) mutants with elevated amylose content
Authors: Hogg Andrew C. , Giroux Michael J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesNovel alleles of starch synthase II (ssIIa) homeologs were created in a soft white spring wheat using chemical mutagenesis and then combined to create four unique ssIIa triple mutant haplotypes. Previous research found the resultant triple ssIIa mutants were hard in texture and had increased seed amylose and protein content that was strongly correlated with decreases in individual seed weight and seed starch content. The objective of this research was to examine how these changes in amylose content affect milling and bread baking characteristics.FindingsTriple ssIIa mutant haplotypes yielded significantly less flour that had a higher protein and ash content, decreased brightness, and increased yellowness and redness compared to controls. Solvent retention capacity tests on flour from ssIIa mutant lines had significant increases in water, sucrose, and sodium bicarbonate absorption but similar lactic acid absorption and poor gluten performance indexes compared to controls. Flour dough made from ssIIa mutants had increased water absorption with increased mixing tolerance and produced bread with significantly reduced loaf volume, crumb grain score, and crumb brightness with increased crumb yellowness and redness. Attempts to restore loaf volume using up to 6% vital wheat gluten were unsuccessful.ConclusionsHigh amylose ssIIa triple mutants have significant decreases in flour yields as a result of their diminished starch content and seed size. The unique composition of flour from ssIIa triple mutants does not readily lend itself to producing a functional dough for bread making and resultant bread has significant decreases in loaf volume.Significance and noveltyOur results demonstrate that flour with increased amylose levels can be used to create bread with increased protein and dietary fiber.
Sulfur Chemistry for Stable and Electroactive Metal‐Organic Frameworks: The Crosslinking Story
Authors: He Jun , Cheng Shengxian , Xu Zhengtao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe versatile sulfur chemistry, as exemplified by the reactive yet tractable thiol group (‐SH), offers unique opportunities for bypassing the obstacles in accessing stable and electroactive metal‐organic frameworks. Of particular interest are recent advances in assembling MOF materials equipped with free‐standing thiol functions: metal guests can be conveniently inserted to install electroactive metal‐sulfur bonds, which, as crosslinks, also stabilize the host coordination net. Here the historical development of the bifunctional, two‐step design embodied by the thiol‐tagged MOF solids is traced, in order to highlight the underlying spirit that has driven research efforts in the past two decades. Going forward, broad new horizons are foreseen in solid‐state materials synthesis, for example, arising from various sulfur‐based hard‐and‐soft combinations, in synergy with the crystalline and modular MOF structural platform.
From a 2,1‐Benzazaarsole to Elusive 1‐Arsanaphthalenes in One Step
Authors: Kremláček Vít , Erben Milan , Jambor Roman , Růžička Aleš , Turek Jan , Rychagova Elena , Ketkov Sergey , Dostál Libor 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe 2,1‐benzazaarsole (1) showed a diene‐like reactivity towards selected alkynes RC≡CR (R=CO2Me, C5F4N) thus forming 1‐arsa‐1,4‐dihydro‐iminonaphthalenes 2 a and 3 a as hardly isolable intermediates, that underwent facile CH→NH proton migration leading to before elusive substituted 1‐arsanaphthalenes 2 b and 3 b that could be completely structurally characterized.
Using the SpyTag SpyCatcher system to label smooth muscle myosin II filaments with a quantum dot on the regulatory light chain
Authors: Brizendine Richard K. , Anuganti Murali , Cremo Christine R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe regulatory light chain (RLC) of myosin is commonly tagged to monitor myosin behavior in vitro, in muscle fibers, and in cells. The goal of this study was to prepare smooth muscle myosin (SMM) filaments containing a single head labeled with a quantum dot (QD) on the RLC. We show that when the RLC is coupled to a QD at Cys‐108 and exchanged into SMM, subsequent filament assembly is severely disrupted. To address this, we used a novel approach for myosin by implementing the SpyTag002 SpyCatcher002 system to prepare SMM incorporated with RLC constructs fused to SpyTag or SpyCatcher. We show that filament assembly, actin‐activated steady‐state ATPase activities, ability to be phosphorylated, and selected enzymatic and mechanical properties were essentially unaffected if either SpyTag or SpyCatcher were fused to the C‐terminus of the RLC. Crucially for our application, we also show that a QD coupled to SpyCatcher can be covalently attached to a RLC‐Spy incorporated into a SMM filament without disrupting the filament, and that the filaments can move along actin in vitro.
Association between body mass index and response to duloxetine for aromatase inhibitor‐associated musculoskeletal symptoms in SWOG S1202
Authors: Henry N. Lynn , Unger Joseph M. , Till Cathee , Schott Anne F. , Crew Katherine D. , Lew Danika L. , Fisch Michael J. , Moinpour Carol M. , Wade James L. , Hershman Dawn L. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAromatase inhibitor (AI)‐associated musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS) negatively impact adherence to and persistence with therapy. In SWOG S1202, patients with AIMSS who were treated with duloxetine, a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, reported improvement in pain by 12 weeks compared with placebo. Based on the authors’ prior observation that responses to pain interventions differ between obese and nonobese patients, the current study examined whether response to duloxetine therapy differed by obesity status.MethodsIn SWOG S1202, a total of 299 AI‐treated postmenopausal women with stage I to III (AJCC 7th Edition) breast cancer who developed new or worsening average pain were enrolled, randomized to duloxetine or placebo, and treated for 12 weeks. Patient‐reported outcomes were obtained at baseline and through 12 weeks. Patients were categorized into nonobese (body mass index [BMI] <30 kg/m2) or obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). The authors tested the interaction between intervention and obesity with respect to average pain at 12 weeks in the 289 eligible patients, using a P value of .05 to indicate statistical significance.ResultsIn approximately 54% of evaluable patients with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2, the reduction in the mean average pain score between baseline and 12 weeks was statistically significantly greater for patients treated with duloxetine compared with those receiving placebo (‐2.73 vs ‐1.64 points; P = .003). Conversely, in the nonobese patients, the reduction in the mean average pain score was similar in the 2 cohorts (‐2.46 vs ‐2.34 points; P = .75). The P value for interaction was .02, thereby meeting the threshold criteria of the current study. Similar findings were evident for other pain‐related patient‐reported outcomes.ConclusionsIn this trial, obese patients with AIMSS obtained more analgesic benefit from duloxetine compared with nonobese patients. Additional studies are warranted to determine the biologic basis for these findings.
Single‐neuron axonal reconstruction: The search for a wiring diagram of the brain
Authors: Economo Michael N. , Winnubst Johan , Bas Erhan , Ferreira Tiago A. , Chandrashekar Jayaram 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReconstruction of the axonal projection patterns of single neurons has been an important tool for understanding both the diversity of cell types in the brain and the logic of information flow between brain regions. Innovative approaches now enable the complete reconstruction of axonal projection patterns of individual neurons with vastly increased throughput. Here, we review how advances in genetic, imaging, and computational techniques have been exploited for axonal reconstruction. We also discuss how new innovations could enable the integration of genetic and physiological information with axonal morphology for producing a census of cell types in the mammalian brain at scale.
Drug‐Drug Interactions of Tacrolimus or Cyclosporine With Glecaprevir and Pibrentasvir in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Kosloski Matthew P. , Zhao Weihan , Li Hong , Pugatch David , Asatryan Armen , Kort Jens , Mensa Federico J. , Liu Wei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA fixed‐dose combination of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir is approved for treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1‐6. Three phase 1 open‐label studies were conducted in healthy volunteers to evaluate the potential for clinically relevant drug‐drug interactions of the glecaprevir 300‐mg and pibrentasvir 120‐mg combination with the immunosuppressants tacrolimus (1 mg) or cyclosporine (100 and 400 mg). Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir exposure was unaffected by tacrolimus, whereas the tacrolimus area under the curve (AUC) value was 45% higher with glecaprevir and pibrentasvir. Cyclosporine 100 mg had a limited effect on glecaprevir or pibrentasvir exposure (≤37% AUC increase), but cyclosporine 400 mg increased exposure of both glecaprevir and pibrentasvir (410% and 93% AUC increase, respectively). Cyclosporine concentration was unaffected by glecaprevir and pibrentasvir at either cyclosporine dose (≤14% AUC change). Adverse events were all grade 1 (mild), with the most common nausea and flushing attributed to cyclosporine. Findings from these studies supported evaluation of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in HCV‐infected kidney and liver transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus without additional dose adjustment or receiving cyclosporine up to 100 mg per day.
Synthesis of RNA Crosslinking Oligonucleotides Modified with 2‐Amino‐7‐Deaza‐7‐Propynyl‐6‐Vinylpurine
Authors: Yamada Ken , Abe Yusuke , Nagatsugi Fumi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article describes procedures to synthesize 2′‐OMe‐RNA modified with cross‐linkable 2‐amino‐7‐deaza‐7‐propynyl‐6‐vinylpurine (ADpVP) and preparation of the RNA‐crosslinking experiment in vitro. All synthesis steps yield the desired compound in moderate or high yield without expensive chemical reagents or specific devices. The crosslink‐active form of modified RNA can also be purified by commonly used reversed‐phase HPLC, can be stored at −80°C after lyophilization for a few days, and is ready to use for crosslinking experiments. This crosslink‐active RNA can efficiently form covalent bonds with complementary RNA in a sequence‐specific manner. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Does Long‐Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Increase Risk of Dementia? Not Really! Results of the Group‐Based Trajectory Analysis
Authors: Huang Shih‐Tsung , Tseng Li‐Yen , Chen Liang‐Kung , Peng Li‐Ning , Hsiao Fei‐Yuan 
Published: March 2019

Conflicting data of the potential association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and risk of dementia have been reported. This study aimed to examine the subsequent risk of incident dementia in older adults by categorizing subjects into different trajectories of longitudinal PPI use. A group‐based trajectory modeling was used to identify distinct groups with regard to longitudinal PPI use over 3 years and to further examine the association between the trajectories of PPI use and dementia in a 5‐year follow‐up. Among 10,533 older adults who initiated PPIs, three distinct trajectories of longitudinal PPI use were identified: short‐term (n = 7,406, 70.3%), intermittent (n = 1,528, 14.5%), and long‐term users (n = 1,599, 15.2%). Long‐term (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93–1.17)) and intermittent PPI users (HR = 0.91 (95% CI, 0.76–1.09)) were not associated with an increased risk of incident dementia compared with short‐term users. Regardless of pattern of use, PPIs did not appear to significantly increase the risk of dementia over a mean follow‐up period of 4 years.