bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggressive bone tumours: what a radiologist can offer to the surgeon?
Authors: Singh Dharmendra Kumar , Kumar Nishith , Jalan Divesh , Khanna Geetika , Rustagi Ashish , Saran Sonal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The management of aggressive bone tumours requires a multidisciplinary approach, with radiologists playing a central role alongside clinicians and pathologists. Radiologists contribute significantly to diagnosing benign and some aggressive tumours, although complex cases often need histopathological confirmation. Their expertise in tumour characterization and extension assessment is crucial for treatment planning. Radiologists guide biopsies to ensure accurate sampling with minimal morbidity and low risk of tumour spread. They also support preoperative planning through 3D tumour reconstructions, aiding surgeons in devising optimal surgical strategies. During surgery, radiologists enhance precision using intraoperative imaging techniques, such as image fusion and MRI, which allow real-time adjustments. Postoperative monitoring for recurrence depends heavily on radiological imaging, with functional MRI providing insights into residual or recurrent disease. Furthermore, radiologists are integral to image-guided therapies for aggressive bone tumours, performing procedures like osteoplasty and ablation to manage pain and control tumour growth. In sum, radiologists are invaluable members of the care team, providing expertise in diagnosis, biopsy, surgical planning, intraoperative guidance, postoperative monitoring, and therapeutic interventions, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.
Cerebrovascular reactivity and response times describe recent ischaemic symptomatology in patients with moyamoya
Authors: Han Caleb , Richerson Wesley T , Garza Maria , Rodeghier Mark , Mishra Murli , Davis L Taylor , Fusco Matthew , Chitale Rohan , Shiino Shuhei , Jordan Lori C , Donahue Manus J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Moyamoya is a non-atherosclerotic intracranial steno-occlusive condition that places patients at high risk for ischaemic stroke. Randomized trials of surgical revascularization demonstrating efficacy in ischaemic moyamoya have not been performed, and as such, biomarkers of parenchymal haemodynamic impairment are needed to assist with triage and evaluate post-surgical response. In this prospective study, we test the hypothesis that parenchymal cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) metrics in response to a fixed-inspired 5% carbon dioxide challenge correlate with recent focal ischaemic symptoms. Hypercapnic reactivity blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI (echo time = 35 ms; spatial resolution = 3.5 × 3.5 × 3.5 mm) and catheter angiography assessments of cortical reserve capacity and vascular patency, respectively, in moyamoya disease and syndromic participants (n = 73) were performed in sequence. Cerebrovascular reactivity uncorrected for response time (CVRRAW) was quantified, and time regression analyses were applied to quantify maximum cerebrovascular reactivity (CVRMAX) and cerebrovascular reactivity response time (CVRDELAY). Symptomatology was categorized by a stroke neurologist by hemisphere: symptomatic (lateralizing ischaemic symptoms &lt; 6 months) or asymptomatic (no ischaemic symptom history). Values are presented as median [interquartile range]; logistic regression assessed the association of cerebrovascular reactivity metrics with symptoms, controlling for age and sex. A total of 109 hemispheres, including 39 symptomatic and 70 asymptomatic hemispheres, met inclusion criteria. Symptomatic hemispheres displayed reduced CVRRAW (P &lt; 0.01) (symptomatic = 0.45 [0.28–0.70] z-statistic/ΔEtCO2 versus asymptomatic = 0.67 [0.44–0.98] z-statistic/ΔEtCO2), lengthened CVRDELAY (P &lt; 0.001) (symptomatic = 47.6 [37.7–57.0] seconds versus asymptomatic = 37.7 [30.4–46.4] seconds), and reduced CVRMAX (P = 0.037) (symptomatic = 1.31 [0.99–1.94] z-statistic/ΔEtCO2 versus asymptomatic = 1.64 [1.29–2.12] z-statistic/ΔEtCO2). CVRDELAY (P &lt; 0.001) was found to be significantly related to age in asymptomatic hemispheres (0.33-unit increase/year). Of assessed measures, the receiver operating characteristic curves suggest that CVRDELAY is associated most closely with recent ischaemic symptoms (P &lt; 0.001). Findings support that cerebrovascular reactivity metrics are uniquely altered in hemispheres with recent ischaemic symptoms, further motivating their utilization as biomarkers of ischaemic symptomatology and potential treatment efficacy in moyamoya disease and syndrome.
The role of vitamin D: a promising pathway to combat neuropsychiatric lupus disorders
Authors: Karnopp Thaís Evelyn , Chapacais Gustavo Flores , Gasparini Maria Luísa , dos Santos Natália Garcia , Freitas Vinicius da Silva , Piccoli Marina , Di Domenico Andressa Leite , Doria Lucas Denardi , de Souza Nikolas Mateus Pereira , Rieger Alexandre , Freitas Eduarda Correa , Visioli Fernanda , Monticielo Odirlei André 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To evaluate neuropsychiatric manifestations in the pristane-induced lupus (PIL) model, as well as to evaluate immunoregulatory effects of vitamin D (vit-D) in the brain of mice with PIL. Eighty female BALB/c mice were divided into six groups with 90 (3 months) and 180 (6 months) days of experimentation: CO3, CO6 (controls), PIL3, PIL6 (pristane-induced lupus), VD3 and VD6 (PIL supplemented with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D). Forced-swim, elevated plus maze and Barnes maze were the behavioral tests performed. Expression of pVDR was assessed by immunofluorescence. Brain IgM and IgG deposits were evaluated by double staining fluorescence. Serum IL-6 and IFN-α1 were quantified by ELISA. AUC-ROC curve was also performed for immunoglobulins. PIL and VD showed depressive-like behavior in the forced-swim test and anxious-like behavior in the elevated plus maze test. PIL also presented cognitive and memory impairment in the Barnes maze test. Additionally, PIL and VD presented higher levels of serum IFN-α1, but not IL-6. Mice supplemented with vit-D had reduced IgM and IgG deposits and increased pVDR expression in the brain after 180 days. The AUC-ROC curve demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for IgM and IgG in the brain. We observed neuropsychiatric manifestations in this model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), strongly corroborating to PIL model being suitable as a neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) model. Vit-D was able to reduce immunoglobulin deposits in the brain and influenced the levels of serum IL-6 in the animals assessed. Also, it improved memory, but it had no effect on depressive and anxious-like behavior.
Interaction between intrinsically disordered proteins Praja1 and α-synuclein on gold electrodes
Authors: Mori Wataru , Onodera Wataru , Kojima Terutoshi , Asahi Toru , Nakanishi Takuya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The behavior of Praja1 (PJA1) interacting with alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) on a gold electrode was investigated using electrochemical methods, where both PJA1 and α-Syn are intrinsically disordered proteins. From the electrode reaction of ferricyanide ions added as probe, it was suggested that PJA1 interacts with α-Syn even when adsorbed on gold substrate and that the state of PJA1 on gold electrodes can be classified into four categories depending on the α-Syn concentration.
Five-Year Evaluation of an Anal Cancer Screening Program in Men Who Have Sex With Men With HIV at 2 Academic Center Clinics
Authors: Achhra Amit C , Chan Elizabeth , Applebaum Serina , Guerrero Maggie , Hao Ritche , Pantel Haddon , Virata Michael , Fikrig Margaret , Barakat Lydia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Guidelines recommend annual anal cytology-based squamous cell carcinoma of anus (SCCA) screening for men who have sex with men with HIV aged ≥35 years (eligible population). The recommended threshold for high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) depends on its availability: low-threshold (any abnormal cytology) if availability is high and high-threshold (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL] on cytology) if availability is low.

Methods
This was a retrospective chart review (2018–2022) at academic HIV clinics. We evaluated (1) 5-year uptake of cytology-based SCCA screening in the eligible population and (2) estimated HSIL detection rate based on our current low-threshold criteria, and if high-threshold criteria were used for HRA referral.

Results
Of 432 eligible individuals, only 219 (50.7%) had at least 1 and only 113 (26%) had &gt;1 SCCA screening tests in a median follow-up of 4 years. Seventy-four (17.1%) individuals had at least 1 abnormal anal cytology during follow-up, of whom 56 (75.6%) underwent HRA. Increasing age (≥57 years) and history of smoking negatively correlated with ever receiving screening. Anal cytology (365 tests in 206 individuals) showed 17.5% “unsatisfactory” and 26.8% with any abnormal cytology (zero with HSIL) triggering HRA referral. Only 34 individuals (7.8% of screening eligible) were ever detected with HSIL. Strictly using high-threshold criteria for HRA referral would have led to no HRA or HSIL detection.

Conclusions
We noted poor uptake of screening over time, particularly in older age groups. Importantly, anal cytology performed poorly as a triage test for HRA referral, with high rates of “unsatisfactory” samples and low sensitivity for detecting HSIL.
Relationship Between Clarithromycin MICs and Treatment Responses in Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kim Joong-Yub , Hwang Hyeontaek , Yim DaHae , Choi Yunhee , Kim Taek Soo , Whang Jake , Kwak Nakwon , Yim Jae-Joon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) is a chronic lung condition with rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. Macrolides like azithromycin and clarithromycin are the backbone of long-term antibiotic therapy for progressive MAC-PD. The impact of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), especially within the susceptible range, for macrolides on treatment responses remains unclear.

Methods
We analyzed adult patients who started treatment for MAC-PD between 1 March 2009 and 1 March 2022 at Seoul National University Hospital. Patients were categorized into 4 groups according to the clarithromycin MICs of their causative strains at treatment initiation. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate the impact of clarithromycin MICs on the likelihood of microbiological cure. Companion drugs and their MICs, alongside clinical characteristics like age, sex, body mass index, cavity presence, acid-fast bacilli smear positivity, causative species, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were adjusted in multivariable analysis.

Results
Four-hundred thirty-six patients (median age, 65 years; 34% men) were included. Microbiological cure rates were 51.8%, 51.9%, 50.0%, and 18.2% for patients with clarithromycin MICs ≤0.5, 1–2, 4–8, and ≥32 µg/mL, respectively (P = .181). No significant differences in microbiological cure rates were observed across varying levels of clarithromycin MICs within the susceptible range (≤8 µg/mL). Relative to patients with clarithromycin-susceptible strains, patients with MICs ≥32 µg/mL had an odds ratio of 0.25 for achieving microbiological cure (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06–1.07; P = .06).

Conclusions
Treatment responses were comparable among patients with strains having clarithromycin MICs within the susceptible range but were likely to be worse for patients with strains having MICs ≥32 µg/mL.
Initiative as Institution: How the Belt and Road Initiative Influences Chinese Firms’ Participation in Global Value Chains
Authors: Wu Jiwei , Yin Weiwen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article investigates how the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), proposed by China in 2013, influences the participation of Chinese firms in the global value chains (GVCs). More than just an economic strategy, BRI could serve as a substitute for inadequate contract enforcement in cross-border economic transactions between Chinese firms and their foreign counterparts. Using data from Chinese private companies listed from 2008 to 2016 and multiplicative interaction models, this article evaluates the impact of BRI as a policy shock that enhances contract enforcement and encourages Chinese firms’ participation in the GVCs. The results suggest that, following the implementation of the BRI in 2013, private firms with political ties to the government became more active participants in the GVCs, thanks to greater support from the Chinese state in facilitating contract enforcement abroad. The findings imply that BRI, as a state-led economic strategy, can also function as a mechanism that encourages private firms with political connections to expand globally by reducing transaction costs in cross-border trade activities.
Reverse electrical remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy in a patient undergoing left bundle branch area pacing: a case report
Authors: Rijks Jesse H J , Luermans Justin , Vernooy Kevin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has been introduced as an alternative to biventricular pacing in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Several studies describe echocardiographic reverse remodelling after LBBAP. Reverse electrical remodelling after LBBAP has not yet been described.

Case summary
A 77-year-old female with non-ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 30–35%], left bundle branch block (QRS duration 164 ms), and symptomatic atrial fibrillation irresponsive to pharmacological therapy was evaluated for CRT with LBBAP and atrioventricular node ablation. Successful LBBAP implantation resulted in confirmed left bundle branch capture. Immediately after implantation, paced QRS duration was 194 ms with a long stimulus-V6RWPT (time to peak R wave in V6) of 93 ms, suggesting distal conduction system disease. Patient showed an echocardiographic improvement (LVEF 35–50%) and improvement in symptoms (NYHA class III to NYHA class II) at 1-year follow-up. Moreover, an improvement in conduction delays was found present. Paced QRS duration improved to 159 ms and stimulus-V6RWPT improved to 78 ms. This improvement might be due to reverse electrical remodelling.

Discussion
This case demonstrates that LBBAP can induce reverse electrical remodelling, even in the presence of distal conduction system disease. With the current availability of different pacing strategies in CRT (i.e. biventricular CRT, LBBAP, and left bundle branch-optimized CRT), more research on patient selection and pacing strategy selection is needed.
Multimodal data integration to predict atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yao Yuchen , Zhang Michael J , Wang Wendy , Zhuang Zhong , He Ruoyu , Ji Yuekai , Knutson Katherine A , Norby Faye L , Alonso Alvaro , Soliman Elsayed Z , Tang Weihong , Pankow James S , Pan Wei , Chen Lin Yee 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
Many studies have utilized data sources such as clinical variables, polygenic risk scores, electrocardiogram (ECG), and plasma proteins to predict the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, few studies have integrated all four sources from a single study to comprehensively assess AF prediction.

Methods and results
We included 8374 (Visit 3, 1993–95) and 3730 (Visit 5, 2011–13) participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study to predict incident AF and prevalent (but covert) AF. We constructed a (i) clinical risk score using CHARGE-AF clinical variables, (ii) polygenic risk score using pre-determined weights, (iii) protein risk score using regularized logistic regression, and (iv) ECG risk score from a convolutional neural network. Risk prediction performance was measured using regularized logistic regression. After a median follow-up of 15.1 years, 1910 AF events occurred since Visit 3 and 229 participants had prevalent AF at Visit 5. The area under curve (AUC) improved from 0.660 to 0.752 (95% CI, 0.741–0.763) and from 0.737 to 0.854 (95% CI, 0.828–0.880) after addition of the polygenic risk score to the CHARGE-AF clinical variables for predicting incident and prevalent AF, respectively. Further addition of ECG and protein risk scores improved the AUC to 0.763 (95% CI, 0.753–0.772) and 0.875 (95% CI, 0.851–0.899) for predicting incident and prevalent AF, respectively.

Conclusion
A combination of clinical and polygenic risk scores was the most effective and parsimonious approach to predicting AF. Further addition of an ECG risk score or protein risk score provided only modest incremental improvement for predicting AF.
Implementing and evaluating shared decision-making before transcatheter aortic valve implantation with a dedicated pathway and questionnaire
Authors: Carulli Ermes , Browne Suzy , Woolley Sara , Tindale Alexander , Pottle Alison , Nagle Kate , Lane Rebecca , Chandra Navin , Patel Niket , De Palma Rodney , Barnes Gareth , Kabir Tito , Panoulas Vasileios , Smith David , Smith Robert , Clernon Sharon , Heng Ee Ling , Akhtar Mohammed , Bowers Mark , McGovern Ian , Lüscher Thomas , Dalby Miles 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for patients with aortic valve stenosis. The choice between TAVI, surgery, or a conservative approach should be based upon multiple factors including clinical considerations, technical feasibility, and informed patient preference. In this context, engaging patients in a shared decision-making (SDM) process becomes essential, but this practice is generally underused.

Methods and results
To comply with the European and UK national guidelines, in January 2023 we established a structured SDM pathway in which patients are offered virtual/physical decision aids and after 1 week are invited to a meeting to reach a shared decision. From December 2022 to June 2023, a custom-developed questionnaire was prospectively administered to 23 patients prior to, and 38 patients after, the implementation of the SDM pathway. The answers to 12 core questions were recorded on a Likert scale (1–5). Global satisfaction, as measured by mean Likert score, was significantly higher for the post-SDM group than for the pre-SDM group (4.46 ± 0.14 vs. 3.78 ± 0.30, P &lt; 0.001). The percentage of positive (Likert 4–5) responses was significantly higher in the post-SDM group (289/312, 92.6% vs. 155/234, 66.2%, P &lt; 0.001). The percentage of negative (Likert 1–2) responses was significantly lower in the post-SDM group (5/312, 1.6% vs. 53/234, 22.6%, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The SDM pathway proved effective in delivering SDM in compliance with national and international guidance. A similar approach leveraging digital technology to minimize cost and enhance patient convenience could be implemented for other treatments and across other institutions.
From Kingdom to Colony: Framing the English Conquest of Ireland
Authors: Veach Colin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article offers a new way of framing the English conquest of Ireland by focusing on the development of a kingdom of Ireland both before and after the invasion of 1169. It thus spans the historiographical divides that tend to partition Irish history at the point of the English invasion, and which also frequently disaggregate the study of British and Irish history. By exploring the complexity of Irish political society and culture before 1169, one can see how King Henry II sought to use its structures to facilitate his annexation of ‘the kingdom of Ireland’ in 1171–2. This included the Church, which offered Henry’s dynasty the ideological support and legitimacy it had once provided for Gaelic kings of Ireland. Paying attention to the numerous references to the ‘kingdom of Ireland’ in the records of the English government also highlights the processes by which Henry’s son John and his successors sought to Anglicise this kingdom by imposing England’s laws, institutions and political culture upon it. Crucially, ultimate control of these structures remained with the administration in England, so in this way Ireland was transformed from a kingdom to a colony. Recognising this liminal period in the development of Anglo-Ireland provides context for the emerging colonial community in Ireland, as well as strategies of resistance and compromise employed by the Gaelic Irish under English rule.
MATEdb2, a Collection of High-Quality Metazoan Proteomes across the Animal Tree of Life to Speed Up Phylogenomic Studies
Authors: Martínez-Redondo Gemma I , Vargas-Chávez Carlos , Eleftheriadi Klara , Benítez-Álvarez Lisandra , Vázquez-Valls Marçal , Fernández Rosa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have exponentially increased the number of genomic data available for animals (Metazoa) in the last decades, with high-quality chromosome-level genomes being published almost daily. Nevertheless, generating a new genome is not an easy task due to the high cost of genome sequencing, the high complexity of assembly, and the lack of standardized protocols for genome annotation. The lack of consensus in the annotation and publication of genome files hinders research by making researchers lose time in reformatting the files for their purposes but can also reduce the quality of the genetic repertoire for an evolutionary study. Thus, the use of transcriptomes obtained using the same pipeline as a proxy for the genetic content of species remains a valuable resource that is easier to obtain, cheaper, and more comparable than genomes. In a previous study, we presented the Metazoan Assemblies from Transcriptomic Ensembles database (MATEdb), a repository of high-quality transcriptomic and genomic data for the two most diverse animal phyla, Arthropoda and Mollusca. Here, we present the newest version of MATEdb (MATEdb2) that overcomes some of the previous limitations of our database: (i) we include data from all animal phyla where public data are available, and (ii) we provide gene annotations extracted from the original GFF genome files using the same pipeline. In total, we provide proteomes inferred from high-quality transcriptomic or genomic data for almost 1,000 animal species, including the longest isoforms, all isoforms, and functional annotation based on sequence homology and protein language models, as well as the embedding representations of the sequences. We believe this new version of MATEdb will accelerate research on animal phylogenomics while saving thousands of hours of computational work in a plea for open, greener, and collaborative science.