bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genomic analysis reveals the diversity of cellulosome displaying bacteria
Authors: Minor Christine M. , Takayesu Allen , Ha Sung Min , Salwinski Lukasz , Sawaya Michael R. , Pellegrini Matteo , Clubb Robert T. 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionSeveral species of cellulolytic bacteria display cellulosomes, massive multi-cellulase containing complexes that degrade lignocellulosic plant biomass (LCB). A greater understanding of cellulosome structure and enzyme content could facilitate the development of new microbial-based methods to produce renewable chemicals and materials.MethodsTo identify novel cellulosome-displaying microbes we searched 305,693 sequenced bacterial genomes for genes encoding cellulosome proteins; dockerin-fused glycohydrolases (DocGHs) and cohesin domain containing scaffoldins.Results and discussionThis analysis identified 33 bacterial species with the genomic capacity to produce cellulosomes, including 10 species not previously reported to produce these complexes, such as Acetivibrio mesophilus. Cellulosome-producing bacteria primarily originate from the Acetivibrio, Ruminococcus, Ruminiclostridium, and Clostridium genera. A rigorous analysis of their enzyme, scaffoldin, dockerin, and cohesin content reveals phylogenetically conserved features. Based on the presence of a high number of genes encoding both scaffoldins and dockerin-fused GHs, the cellulosomes in Acetivibrio and Ruminococcus bacteria possess complex architectures that are populated with a large number of distinct LCB degrading GH enzymes. Their complex cellulosomes are distinguishable by their mechanism of attachment to the cell wall, the structures of their primary scaffoldins, and by how they are transcriptionally regulated. In contrast, bacteria in the Ruminiclostridium and Clostridium genera produce ‘simple’ cellulosomes that are constructed from only a few types of scaffoldins that based on their distinct complement of GH enzymes are predicted to exhibit high and low cellulolytic activity, respectively. Collectively, the results of this study reveal conserved and divergent architectural features in bacterial cellulosomes that could be useful in guiding ongoing efforts to harness their cellulolytic activities for bio-based chemical and materials production.
P1 evoked by facial expression images is enhanced in Parkinson’s disease patients with depressive symptoms
Authors: Sun Yujia , Mo Yixiang , Peng Chunkai , Li Qingqing , Wang Zhuyong , Xue Sha , Zhang Shizhong 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionDepressive symptoms are most common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is often overlooked due to absence of rapid and objective diagnostic biomarkers. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based event-related potentials (ERPs) is commonly used to assess emotional processes. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in ERPs in PD patients exhibiting depressive symptoms and to provide a reliable biomarker for assisting in the diagnosis of PD with depressive symptoms.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study involving 30 PD patients with (dPD group) or without depressive symptoms (nPD group) and 13 age matched healthy controls (HC). We recorded EEG of the patients during the emotional picture stimulation task and analyzed the difference in the early ERPs potentials (P1, N170, early posterior negativity) and their correlation with the severity of symptoms in PD patients.ResultsOur results found that P1 amplitude in the occipital region of the dPD group in response to emotional faces was significantly higher than that of nPD and HC group, and it was positively correlated with severity of depressive symptoms in PD patients.ConclusionOur study shows that facial expression-induced enhancement of P1 amplitude can be utilized as a rapid and objective indicator to screen for depressive symptoms in PD.
Mechanical acupuncture at HT7 attenuates alcohol self-administration in rats by modulating neuroinflammation and altering mPFC-habenula-VTA circuit activity
Authors: Seo Su Yeon , Bang Se Kyun , Kang Suk Yun , Cho Seong Jin , Choi Kwang-Ho , Ryu Yeonhee 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionAlcohol use disorder is a chronic disorder with significant limitations in pharmacological treatments, necessitating the exploration of non-pharmacological interventions.MethodsWe used a model of alcohol self-administration (10% v/v) to analyze behavioral, neurochemical, and signaling mechanisms.ResultsOur findings demonstrate that stimulation of the HT7 acupuncture point significantly decreased the frequency of active lever presses in rats self-administering alcohol (p &lt; 0.05). Alcohol self-administration increased microglial activity and sigma 1 receptor expression in the habenula (Hb), while HT7 stimulation mitigated these effects, decreasing microglial activity and sigma 1 receptor levels (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, alcohol self-administration reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (p &lt; 0.05). HT7 stimulation reversed these alterations by increasing BDNF expression in the mPFC and decreasing TH levels in the VTA (p &lt; 0.05). Further investigation revealed that BDNF microinjection into the mPFC inhibited sigma 1 receptor activity in the Hb, while microglial inhibition in the Hb decreased TH expression in the VTA (p &lt; 0.05). The administration of the microglial inhibitor MINO to the Hb also reduced alcohol self-administration (p &lt; 0.05). DiscussionThese results suggest that HT7 stimulation regulates the mPFC-Hb-VTA circuit, leading to decreased alcohol-seeking behavior. Our study demonstrates that HT7 acupuncture can modulate the mPFC-Hb-VTA circuit, providing a potential non-pharmacological treatment for alcohol-seeking behavior by influencing microglial activity, sigma 1 receptor expression, and TH levels. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying acupuncture’s therapeutic effects on alcohol use disorder.
Facial emotion recognition using deep quantum and advanced transfer learning mechanism
Authors: Alsubai Shtwai , Alqahtani Abdullah , Alanazi Abed , Sha Mohemmed , Gumaei Abdu 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionFacial expressions have become a common way for interaction among humans. People cannot comprehend and predict the emotions or expressions of individuals through simple vision. Thus, in psychology, detecting facial expressions or emotion analysis demands an assessment and evaluation of decisions for identifying the emotions of a person or any group during communication. With the recent evolution of technology, AI (Artificial Intelligence) has gained significant usage, wherein DL (Deep Learning) based algorithms are employed for detecting facial expressions.MethodsThe study proposes a system design that detects facial expressions by extracting relevant features using a Modified ResNet model. The proposed system stacks building-blocks with residual connections and employs an advanced extraction method with quantum computing, which significantly reduces computation time compared to conventional methods. The backbone stem utilizes a quantum convolutional layer comprised of several parameterized quantum-filters. Additionally, the research integrates residual connections in the ResNet-18 model with the Modified up Sampled Bottle Neck Process (MuS-BNP), retaining computational efficacy while benefiting from residual connections.ResultsThe proposed model demonstrates superior performance by overcoming the issue of maximum similarity within varied facial expressions. The system’s ability to accurately detect and differentiate between expressions is measured using performance metrics such as accuracy, F1-score, recall, and precision.DiscussionThis performance analysis confirms the efficacy of the proposed system, highlighting the advantages of quantum computing in feature extraction and the integration of residual connections. The model achieves quantum superiority, providing faster and more accurate computations compared to existing methodologies. The results suggest that the proposed approach offers a promising solution for facial expression recognition tasks, significantly improving both speed and accuracy.
Optical coherence tomography angiography of peripapillary vessel density in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and demyelinating optic neuritis
Authors: Xiao Qing , Sun Chuan-bin , Ma Zhiqiong 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundIn cases of optic disc edema or a pale optic disc, distinguishing an episode of optic neuritis (ON) from that of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) during a clinical examination is challenging. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can reveal differences in peripapillary vascular network structures and provide biomarkers for differential diagnosis.MethodsA total of 23 eyes with NAION, 22 eyes with demyelinating ON (DON), and 27 eyes from healthy participants were imaged using OCTA to observe the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs). Optical coherence tomography was used to measure peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and the macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC). Data for all patients were recorded at 2–3 weeks and more than 3 months after the symptom onset.ResultsA total of 23 affected eyes from 23 patients with NAION (average age 52.17 ± 7.92 years), 22 eyes from 22 patients with demyelinating optic neuritis (DON) (average age 47.88 ± 19.24 years), and 27 eyes from 27 healthy individuals (average age 46.43 ± 14.08 years) were included in the study. There were no significant differences in sex, age, and eye laterality between any two groups (F = 0.968, 0.475, 0.870; p &gt; 0.05). Throughout the course of NAION and DON, the superior RPC, superior mGCC, and peripapillary RNFL decreased with time (p &lt; 0.05). In contrast, the inferotemporal RPC and inferior mGCC did not decrease from the acute to chronic stage in NAION (t = 1.639, 0.834, p = 0.117, 0.413). Compared with the normal group, patients with NAION and DON exhibited a sharp reduction in the average RPC, RNFL, and GCC from the acute to the chronic stage (p &lt; 0.05). Patients with DON exhibited a significant decrease in the inferotemporal RPC and inferior mGCC compared with the patients with NAION (p &lt; 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the inferior mGCC at the chronic stage between the patients with NAION and those with ON (t = 2.547, p = 0.093).ConclusionVarious structural and microvascular changes were observed in patients with NAION and ON, indicating distinct features of the optic nerve during the different stages of NAION and ON. Peripapillary vascular density, measured using spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT), may be a biomarker to distinguish NAION from ON.
Retrospective clinical study on the efficacy and complications of interventional embolization in the treatment of scalp arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Han Wenliang , Yang Kexin , Gao Wei , Wu Xuejun , Huo Ran , Xu Lei 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionScalp arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare and intricate vascular anomaly characterized by a direct connection between an artery and a vein, without an intervening capillary system. This anomaly can induce significant local hemodynamic changes and is associated with various complications, such as pain, a pulsatile mass, increasing swelling, and venous hypertension skin ulcerations which may be non-healing. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of interventional embolization treatments for scalp AVF at Shandong Provincial Hospital.MethodsThis retrospective clinical analysis assessed 21 patients who underwent interventional embolization between 2018 and 2024. Patients included were those treated in the vascular surgery department at Shandong Provincial Hospital, who had comprehensive medical records and follow-up data. Treatment methods, outcomes, and complications were thoroughly analyzed through patient medical records.ResultsAmong the patients studied, direct puncture was the most prevalent treatment method, employed in 42.86% (9/21) of cases, followed by various combinations of arterial, venous, and direct approaches. Ethanol, used in 85.71% (18/21) of the cases, demonstrated its broad efficacy and application in clinical settings. Immediate imaging post-treatment confirmed a cure rate of 85.71% (18/21). The main postoperative complications included swelling, with some patients also experiencing nodules, scabbing, or hair loss.ConclusionInterventional embolization has proven to be a safe and effective method for managing scalp AVF, significantly minimizing complications. Future research should focus on further optimizing these treatment methods to enhance efficacy and improve patient quality of life.
Augmenting mindfulness training through neurofeedback: a pilot study of the pre-post changes on resting-state functional connectivity in typically developing adolescents
Authors: Cosgrove Kelly T. , Tsuchiyagaito Aki , Cohen Zsofia P. , Cochran Gabe , Yu Xiaoqian , Misaki Masaya , Aupperle Robin L. , Singh Manpreet K. , Paulus Martin P. , Kirlic Namik 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundMindfulness training has been shown to promote positive mental health outcomes and related changes in neural networks such as the default mode network, which has a central node in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Previous work from our group reported on the impact of a novel, neurofeedback augmented mindfulness training (NAMT) task on regulation of PCC hemodynamic activity in typically developing adolescents. The present pilot study aimed to expand on this finding by examining the pre-post changes of the NAMT task on resting-state functional connectivity of the PCC.MethodsThirty-one typically developing adolescents (14.77 ± 1.23 years; 45% female) underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan both before and after completing the NAMT task. A linear mixed effects model was used to assess for changes in functional connectivity of the PCC across the two resting-state runs.ResultsData did not support the hypothesized decrease in connectivity between the PCC seed and other DMN regions from pre- to post-NAMT task. However, we observed a significant increase in functional connectivity between the PCC and a cluster encompassing the left hippocampus and amygdala following completion of the NAMT task (run 1 Fisher’s Z = 0.16; run 2 Fisher’s Z = 0.26).ConclusionAlthough preliminary, this finding suggests NAMT has the potential to strengthen connectivity between default mode and salience regions. We speculate that such changed connectivity may facilitate enhanced self-referential and emotional processing in adolescents.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT04053582.
Integrating subject-specific workspace constraint and performance-based control strategy in robot-assisted rehabilitation
Authors: Miao Qing , Min Song , Wang Cui , Chen Yi-Feng 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThe robot-assistive technique has been widely developed in the field of neurorehabilitation for enhancement of neuroplasticity, muscle activity, and training positivity. To improve the reliability and feasibility in this patient–robot interactive context, motion constraint methods and adaptive assistance strategies have been developed to guarantee the movement safety and promote the training effectiveness based on the user’s movement information. Unfortunately, few works focus on customizing quantitative and appropriate workspace for each subject in passive/active training mode, and how to provide the precise assistance by considering movement constraints to improve human active participation should be further delved as well.MethodsThis study proposes an integrated framework for robot-assisted upper-limb training. A human kinematic upper-limb model is built to achieve a quantitative human–robot interactive workspace, and an iterative learning-based repulsive force field is developed to balance the compliant degrees of movement freedom and constraint. On this basis, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN)-based control structure is further explored to obtain appropriate robotic assistance. The proposed strategy was preliminarily validated for bilateral upper-limb training with an end-effector-based robotic system.ResultsExperiments on healthy subjects are enrolled to validate the safety and feasibility of the proposed framework. The results show that the framework is capable of providing personalized movement workspace to guarantee safe and natural motion, and the RBFNN-based control structure can rapidly converge to the appropriate robotic assistance for individuals to efficiently complete various training tasks.DiscussionThe integrated framework has the potential to improve outcomes in personalized movement constraint and optimized robotic assistance. Future studies are necessary to involve clinical application with a larger sample size of patients.
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the uterus and pelvic cavity
Authors: Yu Xiuzhang , Duan Ruiqi , Yang Bowen , Huang Liyan , Hou Minmin , Qie Mingrong 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundPrimary perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) of the female reproductive tract have been primarily reported as case reports owing to their clinical rarity. Limited incidence rates and clinical case data hinder a comprehensive understanding of the risks and invasiveness of this disease. We discuss herein the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this disease to enhance comprehension and therapeutic strategies.MethodsWe conducted a clinical analysis of patients with PEComa treated at the Gynecology Department of The West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University between May 2018 and January 2024. Diagnosis and treatment were evaluated based on pertinent literature.ResultsOverall, eight patients (seven patients with tumors in the uterus and one patient with tumors in the pelvic cavity) were evaluated. One patient with PEComa of unknown malignant potential and two patients with malignant PEComa underwent hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy with or without adjuvant therapy and did not develop recurrence. Meanwhile, three patients who underwent lesion resection only exhibited radiological evidence of new lesions. Furthermore, postoperative imaging identified new pulmonary nodules in three patients.ConclusionAlthough the current criteria are generally effective in assessing the tumor invasiveness of PEComa, emphasizing the significance of complete lesion resection remains crucial. Inadequate treatment significantly increases the risks of recurrence and metastasis. Additionally, the prevalence of pulmonary metastases may have been underestimated. Refining risk stratification to prevent overtreatment of low-grade malignancies or overlooking highly aggressive tumors is an important area for further study.
Radiomics in precision medicine for colorectal cancer: a bibliometric analysis (2013–2023)
Authors: Li Hao , Zhuang Yupei , Yuan Weichen , Gu Yutian , Dai Xinyan , Li Muhan , Chen Haibin , Zhou Hongguang 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been rising steadily. Early diagnosis and precise treatment are essential for improving patient survival outcomes. Over the past decade, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and medical imaging technologies has positioned radiomics as a critical area of research in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CRC.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive review of CRC-related radiomics literature published between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2023 using the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric tools such as Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace were employed to perform an in-depth bibliometric analysis.ResultsOur search yielded 1,226 publications, revealing a consistent annual growth in CRC radiomics research, with a significant rise after 2019. China led in publication volume (406 papers), followed by the United States (263 papers), whereas the United States dominated in citation numbers. Notable institutions included General Electric, Harvard University, University of London, Maastricht University, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Prominent researchers in this field are Tian J from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, with the highest publication count, and Ganeshan B from the University of London, with the most citations. Journals leading in publication and citation counts are Frontiers in Oncology and Radiology. Keyword and citation analysis identified deep learning, texture analysis, rectal cancer, image analysis, and management as prevailing research themes. Additionally, recent trends indicate the growing importance of AI and multi-omics integration, with a focus on improving precision medicine applications in CRC. Emerging keywords such as deep learning and AI have shown rapid growth in citation bursts over the past 3 years, reflecting a shift toward more advanced technological applications.ConclusionsRadiomics plays a crucial role in the clinical management of CRC, providing valuable insights for precision medicine. It significantly contributes to predicting molecular biomarkers, assessing tumor aggressiveness, and monitoring treatment efficacy. Future research should prioritize advancing AI algorithms, enhancing multi-omics data integration, and further expanding radiomics applications in CRC precision medicine.