bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and numerical analysis of high-reflective film used in F-P sapphire optical fiber high-temperature sensor
Authors: Lin Qijing , Wu Zirong , Zhao Na , Jiang Zhuangde , Zhang Qidong , Tian Bian , Shi Peng 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe Fabry-Perot sapphire optical fiber sensor is an excellent choice for high-temperature sensing in civil and military fields, such as oil exploitation, engine and turbine. The purpose of this paper is to study the high-reflective film system withstanding high temperature in Fabry-Perot sapphire optical fiber high-temperature sensor. To improve the performance of the sensor and reduce the difficulty of signal acquisition, one of the key ways is to enhance the normalized light intensity of F-P sensor, which can be achieved by coating the high-reflective film system on the fiber end.Design/methodology/approachThe high-reflective film system can be achieved by a multilayer film with alternating ZrO2and Al2O3film layers whose refractive indexes are different. In addition, the optimum film alternating sequences and the influence of the number of film layers, incident angle and temperature should be obtained by numerical analysis.FindingsWith the increase of the number of film layers, the reflectivity rises gradually and the change trend is more and more gentle. A minimum of the spectral reflectivity will occur at a certain incident angle depending on the design of the periodic multilayer system. Temperature affects the reflectivity of high-reflective film system. The normalized light intensity of the F-P sensor coated with high-reflective film system enhances greatly which is helpful to the signal demodulation. The temperature response of the F-P sensor is mainly determined by the characteristics of the F-P cavity.Originality/valueHigher reflectivity, lower cost and easy signal acquisition are the most important features of the introduced high-reflective film system for the Fabry-Perot sapphire optical fiber high-temperature sensor.
Millennials and political savvy – the mediating role of political skill linking core self-evaluation, emotional intelligence and knowledge sharing behaviour
Authors: Priyadarshi Pushpendra , Premchandran Rajesh 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
Navigating the labyrinthine connections between people, process, technology and infrastructure is a key skill for employees in agile organisations. Political skill is imperative amongst millennials who in a continuously changing environment need to stretch their minds to accumulate and disseminate new knowledge and develop core competencies while responding to new business triggers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a mediation model in which the effect of emotional intelligence (EI) and core self-evaluation (CSE) on knowledge-sharing intention is mediated by levels of political skill amongst millennials.

Design/methodology/approach
Hypotheses, on mediation, were tested with data collected from prospective employees graduating from a premier management institute in Northern India. Structural equation modelling was used to test hypotheses with bootstrapping to test mediation effects.

Findings
The findings demonstrate that the relationship between EI, CSE and knowledge-sharing intention is mediated by political skill. Theoretical and practical implications and directions for future research are followed.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on knowledge sharing by providing a basis for understanding the mediating mechanism through which EI and CSE influence knowledge sharing. This is the first attempt examining the role of political skill as a mediator in the study of knowledge sharing, a critical lever for agile organisations to flourish. By investigating the underlying mechanisms through which individual differences impact knowledge-sharing behaviour, this study significantly supplements current research on knowledge management.
Microdiversity and temporal dynamics of marine bacterial dimethylsulfoniopropionate genes
Authors: Nowinski Brent , Motard‐Côté Jessie , Landa Marine , Preston Christina M. , Scholin Christopher A. , Birch James M. , Kiene Ronald P. , Moran Mary Ann 
Published: February 2019

SummaryDimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an abundant organic sulfur metabolite produced by many phytoplankton species and degraded by bacteria via two distinct pathways with climate‐relevant implications. We assessed the diversity and abundance of bacteria possessing these pathways in the context of phytoplankton community composition over a 3‐week time period spanning September–October, 2014 in Monterey Bay, CA. The dmdA gene from the DMSP demethylation pathway dominated the DMSP gene pool and was harboured mostly by members of the alphaproteobacterial SAR11 clade and secondarily by the Roseobacter group, particularly during the second half of the study. Novel members of the DMSP‐degrading community emerged from dmdA sequences recovered from metagenome assemblies and single‐cell sequencing, including largely uncharacterized gammaproteobacteria and alphaproteobacteria taxa. In the DMSP cleavage pathway, the SAR11 gene dddK was the most abundant early in the study, but was supplanted by dddP over time. SAR11 members, especially those harbouring genes for both DMSP degradation pathways, had a strong positive relationship with the abundance of dinoflagellates, and DMSP‐degrading gammaproteobacteria co‐occurred with haptophytes. This in situ study of the drivers of DMSP fate in a coastal ecosystem demonstrates for the first time correlations between specific groups of bacterial DMSP degraders and phytoplankton taxa.
The Y233 gatekeeper of DmpR modulates effector‐responsive transcriptional control of σ54‐RNA polymerase
Authors: Seibt Henrik , Sauer Uwe H. , Shingler Victoria 
Published: February 2019

SummaryDmpR is the obligate transcriptional activator of genes involved in (methyl)phenol catabolism by Pseudomonas putida. DmpR belongs to the AAA+ class of mechano‐transcriptional regulators that employ ATP‐hydrolysis to engage and remodel σ54‐RNA polymerase to allow transcriptional initiation. Previous work has established that binding of phenolic effectors by DmpR is a prerequisite to relieve interdomain repression and allow ATP‐binding to trigger transition to its active multimeric conformation, and further that a structured interdomain linker between the effector‐ and ATP‐binding domains is involved in coupling these processes. Here, we present evidence from ATPase and in vivo and in vitro transcription assays that a tyrosine residue of the interdomain linker (Y233) serves as a gatekeeper to constrain ATP‐hydrolysis and aromatic effector‐responsive transcriptional activation by DmpR. An alanine substitution of Y233A results in both increased ATPase activity and enhanced sensitivity to aromatic effectors. We propose a model in which effector‐binding relocates Y233 to synchronize signal‐reception with multimerisation to provide physiologically appropriate sensitivity of the transcriptional response. Given that Y233 counterparts are present in many ligand‐responsive mechano‐transcriptional regulators, the model is likely to be pertinent for numerous members of this family and has implications for development of enhanced sensitivity of biosensor used to detect pollutants.
Biochemical characteristics, virulence traits and antifungal resistance of two major yeast species isolated from kefir: Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces unisporus
Authors: Lim Hyun‐Woo , Kim Dong‐Hyeon , Jeong Dana , Kang Il‐Byeong , Kim Hyunsook , Seo Kun‐Ho 
Published: February 2019

Kefir yeasts were investigated for their possible virulence using an in vitro system. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis of 46 biochemical traits showed that all kefir isolates formed clusters distinct from Candida albicans. No isolate showed N‐acetylglucosaminidase activity, which is involved in resistance against host immune systems. All Kluyveromyces marxianus isolates formed pseudohyphae and grew at 42 °C, whereas Saccharomyces unisporus isolates did not. None of the kefir yeasts had proteolytic or haemolytic activities. All K. marxianus isolates were susceptible to fluconazole, whereas S. unisporus isolates were classified as resistant.
Physicochemical changes during the creaming reaction in acid curd fresh cheese: Water mobility and forced synaeresis
Authors: Dang Bich Phuong , Wolfschoon Pombo Alan F , Kulozik Ulrich 
Published: February 2019

Water mobility changes during a structure building reaction of full‐fat cream cheese were studied by applying low‐resolution nuclear magnetic resonance. A significant decrease in mobility (T2 relaxation times from 148 to 116 ms) was found in the mobile water phase during texture building. Furthermore, the results were compared to forced synaeresis of the same cheese, which was determined by applying a multistep centrifugation method. The plotted forced synaeresis results displayed the inverse shape of the structure building reaction: ~14.6% at the beginning (0 min), ~7.4% at peak (47 min) of the reaction and ended with ~9.9% (126 min).
How and when workplace ostracism influences task performance: Through the lens of conservation of resource theory
Authors: Xia Aijing , Wang Bin , Song Baihe , Zhang Wei , Qian Jing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDrawing upon the conservation of resource (COR) theory, this study examines how workplace ostracism negatively affects task performance by reducing workers' physical strength and emotional energy; it also captures the moderating role of spousal support in the relationship between ostracism, physical strength, and emotional energy. Using matched data from 117 supervisors and 523 of their immediate employees, results indicated that workplace ostracism negatively related to physical strength and emotional energy, which, in turn, decreased task performance. Additionally, spousal support mitigated the harmful impact of workplace ostracism on individual emotional energy, whereas its buffering effect on physical strength was not significant. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Aroma Profile Characterization of Mahi‐Mahi and Tuna for Determining Spoilage Using Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bai Jing , Baker Shirley M. , Goodrich‐Schneider Renee M. , Montazeri Naim , Sarnoski Paul J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlcohols, aldehydes, ketones, amines, and sulfur compounds are essential aroma compounds related to fish flavor and spoilage. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) is an instrument that is widely used to identify and quantify volatile and semi‐volatile compounds in fish products. In this research, a simple and accurate GC‐MS method was developed to determine the aroma profile of mahi‐mahi and tuna for chemical indicators of spoilage. In the developed GC‐MS method, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution was used to extract analytes from homogenized fish samples. The purge and trap system was used for sample introduction, and the GC‐MS with an RTX‐Volatile Amine column was able to separate compounds without a derivatization procedure. The created purge and trap gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (PT‐GC‐MS) method could identify and quantify twenty aroma compounds in mahi‐mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) and 16 volatile compounds in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) associated with fish spoilage. The amines (dimethylamine, trimethylamine, isobutylamine, 3‐methylbutylamine, and 2‐methylbutanamine), alcohols (2‐ethylhexanol, 1‐penten‐3‐ol and isoamyl alcohol, ethanol), aldehydes (2‐methylbutanal, 3‐methylbutanal, benzaldehyde), ketones (acetone, 2,3‐butanedione, 2‐butanone, acetoin), and dimethyl disulfide strongly statistically correlated with poorer quality tuna and mahi‐mahi and were considered as the key spoilage indicators.Practical ApplicationA simplified and rapid purge and trap gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (PT‐GC‐MS) method developed in this research was able to identify and quantify important spoilage compounds in mahi‐mahi and yellowfin tuna. This method is an efficient analytical method for determining volatile profiles of fish samples for industry analytical labs or the government. The identified analytical quality markers can be used to monitor the spoilage level of tuna and mahi‐mahi.
Ethnic differences in prevalence, risk factors, and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus: A comparison between immigrant ethnic Chinese women and Australian‐born Caucasian women in Australia
Authors: Wan Ching S. , Abell Sally , Aroni Rosalie , Nankervis Alison , Boyle Jacqueline , Teede Helena 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide. Ethnic differences in risk factors and perinatal outcomes are clinically important. Chinese women constitute approximately 10% of the world's population, and are an increasing migrant population, yet prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of GDM in this population are insufficiently explored.MethodsA retrospective study of a large pregnancy dataset comparing GDM prevalence, risk factors, and perinatal outcomes between immigrant ethnic Chinese women and Australian‐born Caucasian women was conducted using logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 73 517 births were extracted from the pregnancy databases of two of Australia's largest maternity services. Chinese women (n = 3419) had a 4‐fold higher risk of GDM than Caucasians (n = 28 594) after adjusting for risk factors of GDM. A past history of GDM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.24; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.91‐9.42] was the main GDM risk factor in both groups. Other GDM risk factors varied between groups. Perinatal outcomes in Chinese women with and without GDM were similar, except for neonatal hypoglycemia (aOR 2.01; 95% CI 1.14‐3.56]. Caucasian women with GDM had more adverse perinatal outcomes than women without GDM. After adjusting for confounders, Chinese women with GDM had a lower risk of labor induction, large‐for‐gestational‐age babies, neonatal hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, and low Apgar scores than Caucasian women with GDM.ConclusionsDifferences in prevalence, risk profile, and adverse outcomes in GDM were evident between ethnic Chinese and Caucasian women. A precision medicine approach to GDM may be warranted considering ethnicity and individual risk profiles rather than a one‐size‐fits‐all approach.
Elimination of senescent osteoclast progenitors has no effect on the age‐associated loss of bone mass in mice
Authors: Kim Ha‐Neui , Chang Jianhui , Iyer Srividhya , Han Li , Campisi Judith , Manolagas Stavros C. , Zhou Daohong , Almeida Maria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBoth an increase in osteoclast and a decrease in osteoblast numbers contribute to skeletal aging. Markers of cellular senescence, including expression of the cyclin inhibitor p16, increase with aging in several bone cell populations. The elimination of p16‐expressing cells in old mice, using the INK‐ATTAC transgene, increases bone mass indicating that senescent cells contribute to skeletal aging. However, the identity of the senescent cells and the extent to which ablation of p16‐expressing cells may prevent skeletal aging remain unknown. Using mice expressing the p16‐3MR transgene, we examined whether elimination of p16‐expressing cells between 12 and 24 months of age could preserve bone mass; and whether elimination of these cells from 20 to 26 months of age could restore bone mass. The activation of the p16‐3MR transgene by ganciclovir (GCV) greatly diminished p16 levels in the brain, liver, and osteoclast progenitors from the bone marrow. The age‐related increase in osteoclastogenic potential of myeloid cells was also abrogated by GCV. However, GCV did not alter p16 levels in osteocytes—the most abundant cell type in bone—and had no effect on the skeletal aging of p16‐3MR mice. These findings indicate that the p16‐3MR transgene does not eliminate senescent osteocytes but it does eliminate senescent osteoclast progenitors and senescent cells in other tissues, as described previously. Elimination of senescent osteoclast progenitors, in and of itself, has no effect on the age‐related loss of bone mass. Hence, other senescent cell types, such as osteocytes, must be the seminal culprits.
Vertebral heart size in healthy Australian cattle dog
Authors: Luciani Marilia Gabriela , Withoeft Jéssica Aline , Mondardo Cardoso Pissetti Helena , Pasini de Souza Livia , Silvestre Sombrio Marina , Bach Eloisa Carla , Mai Wilfried , Müller Thiago Rinaldi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe vertebral heart score or size (VHS) measurement is routinely used to provide a more objective measurement of cardiomegaly in dogs. However, breed or body conformation can influence the VHS. To assess the specific VHS for the Australian Cattle Dog, left‐to‐right lateral, right‐to‐left lateral, dorsoventral and ventrodorsal thoracic radiographs from 20 individuals free from cardiac and pulmonary disease were obtained. The mean VHS was significantly higher in Australian Cattle Dog (10.5 ± 0.4 vertebrae), when compared with the average VHS for 100 normal dogs of different breeds that had been initially published (9.7 ± 0.5 vertebrae). This emphasizes the importance of breed‐specific VHS ranges. In our study group of normal Australian Cattle Dogs, the mean VHS was 10.5 ± 0.5 vertebrae (mean ±SD) on right lateral and 10.3 ± 0.5 vertebrae on left lateral radiographs. The VHS on right lateral views was significantly larger than on left lateral views. The VHS was 10.5 ± 0.6 vertebrae on dorsoventral and 11.1 ± 0.6 vertebrae on ventrodorsal radiographs. The VHS on ventrodorsal views was significantly larger than on dorsoventral views.
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries among women with gestational diabetes and women without gestational diabetes: A NSW population‐based cohort study
Authors: Zeki Reem , Li Zhuoyang , Wang Alex Y. , Homer Caroline S.E. , Oats Jeremy J.N. , Marshall Drew , Sullivan Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundObstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) are associated with maternal morbidity; however, it is uncertain whether gestational diabetes (GDM) is an independent risk factor when considering birthweight mode of birth and episiotomy.AimsTo compare rates of OASIs between women with GDM and women without GDM by mode of birth and birthweight. To investigate the association between episiotomy, mode of birth and the risk of OASIs.MethodsA population‐based cohort study of women who gave birth vaginally in NSW, from 2007 to 2013. Rates of OASIs were compared between women with and without GDM, stratified by mode of birth, birthweight and a multi‐categorical variable of mode of birth and episiotomy. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe rate of OASIs was 3.6% (95% CI: 2.6–2.7) vs 2.6% (95% CI: 3.4–2.8; P < 0.001) among women with and without GDM, respectively. Women with GDM and a macrosomic baby (birthweight ≥ 4000 g) had a higher risk of OASIs with forceps (aOR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.08–2.86, P = 0.02) or vacuum (aOR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.17–3.04, P = 0.01), compared with those without GDM. For primiparous women with GDM and all women without GDM, an episiotomy with forceps was associated with lower odds of OASIs than forceps only (primiparous GDM, forceps‐episiotomy aOR 2.49, 95% CI: 2.00–3.11, forceps aOR 5.30, 95% CI: 3.72–7.54), (primiparous without GDM, forceps‐episiotomy aOR 2.71, 95% CI: 2.55–2.89, forceps aOR 5.95, 95% CI: 5.41–6.55) and (multiparous without GDM, forceps‐episiotomy aOR 3.75, 95% CI: 3.12–4.50, forceps aOR 6.20, 95% CI: 4.96–7.74).ConclusionWomen with GDM and a macrosomic baby should be counselled about the increased risk of OASIs with both vacuum and forceps. With forceps birth, this risk can be partially mitigated by performing a concomitant episiotomy.
Understanding and provision of preconception care by general practitioners
Authors: Kizirian Nathalie V. , Black Kirsten I. , Musgrave Loretta , Hespe Charlotte , Gordon Adrienne 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundPreconception care (PCC) defines health interventions prior to conception aimed at improving pregnancy and infant outcomes.AimTo explore the understanding and provision of PCC by general practitioners (GPs) within the Sydney Local Health District.Materials and MethodsA questionnaire developed with GPs assessed structure and content of PCC provided, attitudes toward PCC and perceived barriers and facilitators.ResultsOne hundred and ten GPs completed the survey: 84% reported that GPs should be the main providers of PCC; however, only 53% were aware of PCC guidelines. Seventy‐five percent of responders initiated PCC discussion with women of reproductive age, 56% provided PCC to women at higher risk of adverse outcomes and 16% waited for the discussion to be initiated by the patient. Smoking, vaccination, alcohol and supplements/medication use were the most discussed PCC components, while serology, full blood count and blood pressure were the most performed assessments. Most respondents stated that PCC is essential for women with pre‐existing diabetes, previous pregnancy complications or chronic illness. However, only 45% stated PCC was essential for women >35 years and 39% for women who were overweight. Importantly, weight and mental health were among the least discussed PCC components.ConclusionGeneral practitioners are key providers of PCC; however, only half are aware of PCC guidelines and most do not recognise overweight to be a significant preconception issue. The most common barriers to PCC delivery were time constraints, lack of knowledge and lack of resources for patients. Improved resources and education are required to support adequate PCC provision.
Lack of online video educational resources for open colorectal surgery training
Authors: Celentano Valerio , Pellino Gianluca , Coleman Mark G. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundVideo recordings of open surgical procedures could provide a method for enhancing surgical education, analysing operative performance and presenting cases to a wider audience of surgeons. The aim of this pilot study was to systematically search the World Wide Web to determine the availability of open surgery videos and to evaluate their potential training value in terms of the educational content presented.MethodsA broad search for open right hemicolectomy videos was performed on the three most used English language internet search engines (Google.com, Bing.com and Yahoo.com). All videos of open right hemicolectomy with an English language title were included. Laparoscopic surgery, single‐incision laparoscopic surgery and robotic‐ and hand‐assisted surgery videos were excluded, as were videos from fee charging websites.ResultsA total of 31 relevant websites were identified and 21 open surgery videos were finally included. The characteristics of the patients were presented only in four (19%) videos. A video commentary was present in 12 cases (57.1%) and this was in English language in 11. The median number of views per month was 84.1.ConclusionsOpen surgery videos have a significantly higher number of views per month compared to laparoscopic surgery videos, but current methodologies used to record and render the surgeon's point of view in open operative surgery remain limited.