bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability on the Venusian Ionopause with the Influence of Hall Effect
Authors: Li Yun , Lu Haoyu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
It has been demonstrated that Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability is an essential large-scale mechanism to generate plasma waves along the boundary layers of Venus. In this paper, evolution of KH instability on the Venusian ionopause with the influence of the Hall effect was investigated under Hall magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. Linear and nonlinear physical behaviors of KH instability with different wavelengths of perturbation, magnetic field configurations, and ion inertial lengths were studied. Numerical results indicate that, for perturbation with short wavelength, the circulation area of matter becomes small and the driving force is weakened. The combined effect of short wavelength and the antiparallel magnetic field leads to longer linear growth time, while the antiparallel magnetic field tends to enlarge the pressure gradient. As for the moderate wavelength of perturbation, the growth rate reaches its peak value, whereas the maximal y component of total kinetic energy increases significantly with the wavelength. Hall MHD simulations indicate that the Hall effect does not change the growth rates for different ion inertial lengths at all. However, the Hall effect has a depression effect on small structures at the nonlinear stage of KH instability.
Standardised inventories of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Macaronesia I: The native forests of the Azores (Pico and Terceira islands)
Authors: Malumbres-Olarte Jagoba , Cardoso Pedro , Crespo Luís Carlos , Gabriel Rosalina , Pereira Fernando , Carvalho Rui , Rego Carla , Nunes Rui , Ferreira Maria , Amorim Isabel , Rigal François , Borges Paulo A. V. 
Published: April 2019

The data presented here come from samples collected as part of two recent research projects (NETBIOME - ISLANDBIODIV and FCT - MACDIV) which aimed at understanding the drivers of community assembly in Macaronesian islands. We applied the sampling protocol COBRA (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment, Cardoso 2009) in sixteen 50 m x 50 m native forest plots in the Azorean Islands of Pico (6 plots) and Terceira (10 plots) to assess spider diversity. Through this publication, we contribute to the knowledge of the arachnofauna of the Azores and, more specifically, to that of the islands of Pico and Terceira.
The collected samples yielded 8,789 specimens, of which 45% were adults (3,970) belonging to 13 families, 36 species and three morphospecies that have yet to be described. Species of the family Linyphiidae dominated the samples, with 17 species and two morphospecies that have yet to be described (48% of the taxa). Out of the identified (morpho)species, 16 were introduced, 13 Azorean endemic (three of which were undescribed) and seven native (five of them Macaronesian endemics). We report the first record of the introduced species Haplodrassussignifer and Agynetadecora in Pico Island.
Correlates of Prejudice in Nursing Students
Authors: Eliason Michele J 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Nursing is still a predominantly White profession, and many nursing students have had little experience with people of diverse races or sexual identities. The purpose of this study was to examine racial awareness and attitudes toward sexual minorities in incoming nursing students. The findings indicated that students had a low awareness of race issues but stated that they felt comfortable working with people of other races. Attitudes toward lesbian, gay, end bisexual people were more negative and fewer students reported feeling comfortable working with sexual minorities. Low racial awareness and negative attitudes about sexual minorities were related. Parental attitudes toward sexual minorities were related to student level of comfort working with sexual minorities, but parental attitudes about racial minorities were not related to student level of comfort with people of other races. The correlates of low racial awareness and negative attitudes about sexual minorities were similar.
Rapport au travail des enseignants de judo en France : entre valeurs défendues et tensions inhérentes à l’activité
Authors: Perez-Roux Thérèse , Perez Sylvie , Gabriel Philippe , Papet Jacqueline , Cassignol Florence 
Published: April 2019

Les évolutions socio-économiques, idéologiques, politiques qui affectent aujourd’hui les champs de l’enseignement, de la formation et de l’éducation, conduisent les acteurs concernés à requestionner le sens de leur travail. La présente contribution s’intéresse aux représentations et valeurs des enseignants de judo. Il s’agit de repérer comment ces derniers se positionnent vis-à-vis des logiques parfois contradictoires auxquelles ils doivent répondre. L’étude s’inscrit dans une double orientation : psycho-sociale (représentations, valeurs, implication professionnelle) et sociologique (rapport au travail, reconnaissance). Au plan méthodologique, suite à une approche ethnographique, deux séries d’entretiens semi-directifs ont été conduites en 2016 par une équipe de quatre chercheurs sur la région Occitanie. Par ailleurs, un questionnaire (sous sphinx) a été proposé en octobre-novembre 2016, sur la même région, puis diffusé au niveau national. Le croisement de ces différentes données permet de comprendre les valeurs partagées et les tensions auxquelles un certain nombre d’enseignants de judo sont confrontés dans leur activité au quotidien. Les résultats soulignent et illustrent les nombreux dilemmes à gérer : entre plaisir et effort, loisir et compétition, tradition et changement. Les enseignants de judo doivent veiller de plus en plus à rentabiliser leur structure, sans perdre pour autant les valeurs fondatrices du judo. Ils ont aussi à trouver un équilibre entre vie professionnelle et vie privée. L’étude éclaire, au moins pour partie, le rapport au travail que ces enseignants construisent pour s’adapter aux évolutions et conserver le sens de leur action.
Managing logistical supply chain drivers: A predictor of small township retailers’ odds of survival
Authors: Eicker Themari , Cilliers J. Orpha 
Published: April 2019

Orientation: Formal independent small Sowetan retail businesses operate under challenging economic conditions that impede their ability to survive. However, the management of the logistical supply chain drivers can increase these small retailers’ odds of survival.Research purpose: To investigate whether the management of the logistical supply chain drivers can serve as a predictor of formal independent small Sowetan retail businesses’ odds of survival.Motivation for the study: Assisting formal independent small Sowetan retail businesses to integrate with local and formal supply chains, as well as increasing their odds of survival amidst the difficult economic conditions under which they operate.Research design, approach and method: A quantitative survey was conducted among 650 formal independent small Sowetan businesses, of which the responses of 556 retailers were analysed. Two binary logistic regression models were developed to determine whether the management of the logistical supply chain drivers could predict the small retailers’ odds of survival.Main findings: The results of two binary logistic regression models showed that the management of the three logistical supply chain drivers influences the odds of formal independent small Sowetan retail businesses surviving for 5 years or longer, as well as their odds of growing their annual income.Practical/managerial implications: Assisting policymakers when designing developmental initiatives for townships.Contribution/value-add: This study strives to assist formal independent small Sowetan retail businesses operating within a developing country to manage their logistical supply chain drivers to increase their odds of survival and contribute to the economic development of their country.
The religious roots of racism in the Western world: A brief historical overview
Authors: Spangenberg Izak J.J. 
Published: April 2019

Racism is again a burning issue in our country. One may define racism as the conviction that not all humans are equal, but that some are ‘worthier’ than others. Usually those who are regarded as ‘unworthy humans’ are not treated on par with the rest. The ‘othering’ of humans in the Western world did not commence in the 16th, 17th, 18th or 19th centuries. It is argued that the roots of racism in the Western world date back to the 1st century CE when the early Christians severed their ties with the Jewish people and their religion, and started humiliating and denigrating them. Traces of this can be found in the New Testament in inter alia John 8:44, Revelation 2:9 and 3:9. The Jewish people and their synagogues were associated with the Devil. However, Paul also contributed to the anti-Judaism sentiments of early Christians. He argued that the gospel superseded the law. This eventually led to the conviction that Christianity superseded Judaism, and that Jews and Judaism ranked lower than Christians and Christianity. These beliefs created fertile soil for the development of racism in the Western world. The article presents a brief overview of the history of Christianity, how it developed, how it became the state religion of the Roman Empire and the dominant religion in the Western world, and how the religious convictions fed into the sociopolitical and economic policies of the Western world. The article delivers a plea for accepting the view that all religions are human constructs and that their adherents need to meet the ‘other’ on an equal footing. The Western world especially needs to look at how Christianity contributed to the way it treated other people during the course of history.
Social and economic barriers to adherence among patients at Livingstone General Hospital in Zambia
Authors: Moomba Kaala , Van Wyk Brian 
Published: April 2019

Background: Zambia is one of the countries hardest hit by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic with a national HIV prevalence estimated at 14% among those aged 15–49 years in 2012. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been available in public health facilities in Zambia since 2003. By early 2016, 65% of the 1.2 million Zambians living with HIV were accessing ART. While access to ART has improved the lives of people living with HIV globally, the lack of adherence to ART is a major challenge to treatment success globally.Aim: This article reports on social and economic barriers to ART adherence among HIV patients being attended to at Livingstone General Hospital in Zambia.Setting: Livingstone General Hospital is located in the Southern province of Zambia, and had over 7000 patients enrolled for HIV care of whom 3880 patients were on ART.Methods: An explorative, qualitative study was conducted with 42 patients on ART where data were collected through six focus group discussions (3 male and 3 female groups) and seven in-depth interviews. Data were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic content analysis.Results: Economic factors such as poverty and unemployment and the lack of food were reported as major barriers to adherence. Furthermore, social factors such as traditional medicine, religion, lack of family and partner support, and disclosure were also reported as critical barriers to adherence to ART.Conclusion: Interventions to improve adherence among ART patients should aim to redress the socio-economic challenges at community and individual levels.
Drug utilization evaluation of anticancer drugs in a charitable hospital
Authors: Mathew Maneesha , Mateti Uday Venkat , Saj Neethu , Philip Malona Lilly , Shetty Vijith 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Evaluating the prescribing patterns of anticancer and supportive care drugs is necessary for ensuring effectiveness and patient's quality of life. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the prescribing patterns in patients receiving chemotherapy. Settings and Design: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Medical Oncology at Justice K. S. Hegde Charitable Hospital. Methods: The study was conducted for 8 months from September 2017 to April 2018. Cancer patients who were above 18 years and are on chemotherapy along with supportive care medications were enrolled. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Continuous data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and the nominal data were expressed as frequency and percentages. Results: Among 230 patients, majority of patients were in the age group of 45–60 years (47%), females (51.7%), Stage III (51.3%), solid tumor (85.5%), breast cancer (21.7%), doublet regimen (60.4%), who received doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (36%) in breast cancer while paclitaxel and carboplatin (16.52%) were mostly prescribed among the different cancer types. The most commonly prescribed supportive care medications were dexamethasone (100%), ranitidine (100%), filgrastim (67.4%), tramadol and paracetamol (23.91%), and levofloxacin (9.56%). The percentage of drugs prescribed from the National List Essential Medicine and the World Health Organization (WHO) model list was 80.84% and 78.92%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the WHO core prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per prescription was 9.63. Majority of the cancer patients were prescribed with paclitaxel and carboplatin (16.52%); dexamethasone and ranitidine (100%) were coadministered in all patients during their chemotherapy cycles.
Comparison of cervical cancer screening by visual inspection with acetic acid versus cervical-cytology in pregnancy
Authors: Shamsunder Saritha , Pannu Deepika , Khanna Geetika , Banerjee Ananya , Zutshi Vijay , Malik Sunita 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAims: The aim of this study was to compare visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) with cervical cytology for cervical cancer screening in pregnant women. Settings and Design: A prospective cohort study was conducted after institutional ethical committee approval in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. Pregnant women of gestational age <28 weeks were randomly recruited from the antenatal clinic. Subjects and Methods: All eligible women had a Pap smear followed by VIA; colposcopy was performed if either test was positive. Swede score was used for grading of the acetowhite lesion; biopsy was planned if Swede score was ≥8. Statistical Analysis Used: The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for both screening methods were compared with colposcopy as the reference standard. Results: There were 370 low-risk pregnant women in the age group of 20–36 years in the study with a mean parity was 2.1, and the median period of gestation of 14.6 weeks. Abnormal Pap cytology was seen in 5.9% (n = 22) of patients; the abnormalities were ASCUS in 13 (59%), LSIL in 4 (18.2%), and AGC-NOS in 5 (22.7%) patients. VIA positivity was found in 8.4% (n = 31). The positive predictive value was 31.8% for cervical cytology and 48.4% for VIA (P = 0.001). No invasive lesion was detected. Positive predictive value of VIA was significantly higher than Pap cytology for detection of abnormal lesions. Conclusions: VIA is a cost-effective method with better predictive value than Pap smear for cervical cancer screening in pregnant women.
Role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic markers in oral cavity cancers
Authors: Malik Akshat , Mishra Aseem , Mair Manish , Chakrabarti Swagnik , Garg Apurva , Singhvi Hitesh , Chopda Prashant , Qayyumi Burhanuddin , Sawarkar Nupoor , Mathur Yash , Shetty Rathan , Nair Sudhir , Nair Deepa , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Various studies have associated inflammation with carcinogenesis. But still, the role of inflammatory markers in oral cancer has not been evaluated extensively. Most of the existing studies have been done on patients of varied sites, and their sample size is also scarce. In this study, we have evaluated the impact of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on various clinicopathological factors and survival. Methodology: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 400 patients with oral squamous cell cancer. The pretreatment neutrophil and lymphocyte and platelet counts were recorded, and NLR and PLR were calculated for all patients. The NLR and PLR tertiles were correlated with the incidence of various clinicopathological factors and overall survival. Results: The median follow-up of the cohort was 36 months. The mean survival of the cohort was 41.7 months. PLR was associated with higher incidence of adverse clinicopathological factors. There was a trend of decreased overall survival with increasing NLR tertile. It was found to be significant only for the group which received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (P 0.01). Patients with higher PLR values have been found to have a lower overall survival (P 0.006). Conclusion: NLR and PLR can be used to predict survival and outcomes in patients oral cavity cancer. PLR is a good predictor for adverse clinicopathological factors and survival. NLR can predict survival only in the subset of patients who have received chemotherapy.
Medical oncology in India: Workload, infrastructure, and delivery of care
Authors: Sengar Manju , Fundytus Adam , Hopman Wilma M. , Malhotra Hemant , Gupta Sudeep , Pramesh C S , Hammad Nazik , Sullivan Richard , Vanderpuye Verna , Seruga Bostjan , Lopes Gilberto , Brundage Michael D. , Booth Christopher M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: The growing burden of cancer within India has implications across the health system including operational delivery of cancer care and planning for human health resources. Here, we report the Indian results of a global survey of medical oncology (MO) workload in comparison to medical oncologists (MOs) in other low-middle- income countries (LMICs). Methods: An online survey was distributed through a snowball method through national oncology societies to chemotherapy-prescribing physicians in 22 LMICs. The survey was distributed to Indian MOs by the Indian Society of Medical and Pediatric Oncology and the National Cancer Grid of India. The workload was measured as the annual number of new cancer patient consults seen per oncologist. Results: One hundred and forty-seven oncologists from LMICs completed the survey; 82 from India and 65 from other LMICs. About 59% (48/82) of Indian MOs reported working exclusively in the private health system compared to 23% (15/65) of MOs in other LMICs (P < 0.001). The median number of annual consults per MO was 475 in India compared with 350 in other LMICs. The proportion of MOs seeing >1000 new consults/year was 24% (20/82) in India and 20% (13/65) in other LMICs (P = 0.530). The median number of patients seen in a full-day clinic was 35 in India and 25 in other LMCs (P = 0.003); 26% of Indian MO reported seeing >50 patients per day. Compared to other LMICs, Indian MOs worked more days/week (median 6 vs. 5, P < 0.001) and hours/week (median 51–60 vs. 41–50, P = 0.004) and had less annual leave for vacation (3 weeks vs. 4, P = 0.017). Conclusion: Indian MOs have higher clinical volumes and workload than MOs in other LMICs and substantially higher workload than MOs in high-income countries. Indian health policymakers should consider alternative models of care and increasing MO workforce supply to address the growing burden of cancer.
177Lu-DOTATATE and 177Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen therapy in a patient with advanced metastatic radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer after failure of tyrosine kinase inhibitors treatment
Authors: Assadi Majid , Ahmadzadehfar Hojjat 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPatients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RrDTC) have only a limited or no benefit from radioiodine therapy. For these patients, tyrosine kinase inhibitors have demonstrated encouraging results in advanced RrDTC. Nevertheless, these therapies are related with substantial side effects and a high cost. Somatostatin receptor-based therapies have shown promising findings in advanced RrDTC. Recently, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression was seen in advanced RrDTC in imaging studies. This study presents a case of RrDTC who was treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE and 177Lu-PSMA, presumably as a first report in this regard.
Role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pediatric osteosarcoma
Authors: Younis Jehan Ahmed , Al Antably Ismael Mohammed , Zamzam Manal , Salem Hala Taha , Zaki Eman Mohammed , Hassanian Omneya Ahmed 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of our study was to evaluate the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in pediatric osteosarcoma (OS) patients compared to percentage of tumor necrosis after surgical excision of the tumor. Forty-six pediatric OS patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery were underwent PET/CT and MRI before, after 3 cycles, and after the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Imaging parameters include maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax1, 2, and 3), tumor liver ratio (TLR 1, 2, and 3), and MRI tumor volume (MRTV 1, 2, and 3) at initial assessment before starting NAC, after finishing three cycles and after finishing 6 cycles before tumor excision, respectively. Cutoff values of the PET/CT and MRI parameters were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and percentage of tumor necrosis of postsurgical specimen. Fourteen patients were good responders (30.4%), with more than 90% tumor necrosis, while 31 patients were poor responders (67.4%). The results of one patient were missed. We noticed that higher sensitivity for detecting poor responders was detected by SUVmax3/1, TLR3/1, and MRTV2/1 ratio cutoff values, while higher specificity was detected by TRL2 and SUVmax3 cutoff values. ROC curve analysis of MRTV2/1 and MRTV3/1 ratio was fair in predicting poor responders. PET/CT parameters are capable of predicting histological response to NAC in OS patients with overall sensitivity and specificity higher than MRI parameters.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of thigh with sphenoid and brain metastases: Extremely rare occurrence with dismal prognosis despite significant response to palliative chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Purkayastha Abhishek , Singh Sankalp , Kapoor Amul , Bhatia Jasvinder Kaur , Bisht Niharika , Husain Azhar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a neurogenic tumor arising from peripheral nerves or nerve sheaths. MPNSTs are highly aggressive sarcomas mainly associated with neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF-1) with high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis carrying a dismal prognosis. Lung is the most common metastatic site. Bone metastasis although documented in the literature is still very rare, while dissemination to brain without the involvement of lungs and that too in a non-NF-1 case is extremely unusual. A 48-year-old female was diagnosed with a case of non-NF-1 MPNST left thigh with bone metastases including sphenoid. Despite showing complete resolution of skeletal and primary lesions postpalliative chemoradiotherapy, she developed brain metastases and succumbed to her disease. This case is discussed to highlight an unusual scenario we encountered, the clinical course of the disease with its management, and overall poor prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the earliest case of MPNST with sphenoid metastases detected by 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission computed tomography scan and a sporadic case of brain metastases reported in the world literature.