bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Documentation in the neonatal unit: The support given to parents and their participation in their baby's care
Authors: Shaw Chloe , Suonpera Emmi , Gallagher Katie , Aladangady Narendra , Stokoe Elizabeth , Marlow Neil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore how often the participation of parents in their infants’ care and professionals’ support for parents was documented in the clinical records and to determine how such participation and support were documented.BackgroundComprehensive documentation can facilitate collaboration between parents and healthcare professionals, supporting family‐centred care, yet little is known about how this is reflected in practice.DesignA prospective, mixed methods approach was used to analyse the clinical records of newborns.MethodsThe study was carried out in a large tertiary Neonatal Unit in the United Kingdom, from 2013 ‐ 2014. We analysed the clinical records of 24 critically ill newborns using content analysis and thematic analysis, enabling us to determine the frequency of documented support and participation and how support and participation were documented.ResultsWe identified four categories of support in the clinical records: “emotional”, “spiritual”, “social” and “practical support”. We also identified instances where parents were encouraged to participate in their infant's care. Frequency differences in the documentation of support between infants facing a redirection of care decision and infants receiving active treatment were found. Two organisational themes were identified: “task focused documentation” and “minimal documentation of parental role”. These were grouped together under the global theme “professional accountability”. The perspectives and experiences of parents were minimally documented throughout.ConclusionDocumentation of support towards parents and parents’ participation in their infants’ care was limited in terms of frequency and content. Encouraging regular, detailed documentation of these aspects of care may facilitate family‐centred care.
Enriching feedback in audience response systems: Analysis and implications of objective and subjective metrics on students' performance and attitudes
Authors: Papadopoulos Pantelis M. , Natsis Antonis , Obwegeser Nikolaus , Weinberger Armin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study (n = 113) was to examine how (objective and subjective) information on peers' preparation, confidence, and past performance can support students in answering correctly in audience response systems (aka clickers). The result analysis shows that in the “challenging” questions, in which answers diverged, students who received additional information about peers' self‐reported preparation and/or confidence outperformed students who were only given the objective percentage with or without past performance feedback. In addition, students expressed a positive attitude towards the activity, commenting its usefulness in better understanding course material and identifying misconceptions.
Fasting triglycerides and glucose index is more suitable for the identification of metabolically unhealthy individuals in the Chinese adult population: A nationwide study
Authors: Yu Xinwen , Wang Li , Zhang Wencheng , Ming Jie , Jia Aihua , Xu Shaoyong , Li Qiaoyue , Ji Qiuhe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionMetabolic unhealth can be defined by the components of metabolic syndrome, which is closely connected to insulin resistance. We aimed to determine a simple index to identify metabolic unhealth in the Chinese adult population.Materials and MethodsA total of 30,291 individuals were screened from the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study carried out from June 2007 to May 2008. Metabolic unhealth was defined using components of metabolic syndrome, except waist circumference. We compared the three surrogate indices of insulin resistance: the product of fasting triglycerides and glucose (TyG), triglycerides divided by high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and the metabolic score for insulin resistance for the evaluation of metabolic status.ResultsAll indices had high sensitivity and specificity for the identification of metabolic unhealth, especially the TyG index with an area under the curve of 0.863 for men and 0.867 for women. Participants were divided into subgroups for further analysis. The TyG index also showed high diagnostic values, especially for younger individuals and men with normal waist circumference. Sex‐specific cut‐offs for three indices were also used to define metabolic unhealth. The TyG index showed the highest agreement with κ values of 0.603 and 0.605 for men and women between the components of metabolic syndrome and three indices.ConclusionsWe propose that the TyG index, just read in one blood laboratory test report, is simpler and more suitable for the identification of metabolically unhealthy individuals as well as who have high risk of cardiometabolic diseases of the Chinese adult population.
A portable detection method for organophosphorus and carbamates pesticide residues based on multilayer paper chip
Authors: Yang Ning , Wang Pan , Xue Chun‐Yang , Sun Jun , Mao Han‐Ping , Oppong Paul Kwabena 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOrganophosphorus and carbamates pesticide residues detection is one of significance in vegetables and fruits production. However, an effective directly detection method without any auxiliary has not been reported yet. Herein, we proposed a multilayer paper chip, including injection layer, heating layer, conduction layer, fixed enzyme layer, fixed indophenol acetate layer, and color layer, for pesticide residue of organophosphorus and carbamates detection based on the principles of enzyme inhibition reaction and heat generation inside. It's the first time for paper‐based chip to include an inside built‐in heating layer, which can ensure the reaction process with enzyme is always at the optimum temperature. Without any external instrument, we can determine whether the pesticide exceeds the standard according to the reaction color. Besides, we can also make quantitative detection of pesticide with external spectrometer detection system. The overall detection process runs automatically, then relatively accurate test results can be acquired. Under the optimum condition, a good linear correlation for dipterex concentrations over the range from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/L was obtained by quantitative detection, which can reach a detection limit (LOD) of 0.0406 mg/L. Besides, it also showed satisfactory reproducibility, specificity, and stability. Therefore, it is suitable for the instant detection technique.Practical applicationsThis article provides a method which is used to detect organophosphorus and carbamates pesticide residues existing in vegetables and fruits production. The detection limit is 0.0406 mg/L and it is lower than national standards. The detection reproducibility is acceptable. This method is energy‐saving and environment friendly. In this article, multilayer paper chip that includes enzyme inhibition reaction, color reaction and exothermic reaction was proposed. The heating layer in multilayer paper chip relies on the principle of chemical heat production and needs only a little water, which is very simple and easy. Under the whole process of detection without manual intervention, the testing result from the paper chip not only can be distinguished by eyes, but also can be detected precisely by simple detection device, which provide a basis for development of portable pesticide detector.
FIB‐SEM imaging properties of Drosophila melanogaster tissues embedded in Lowicryl HM20
Authors: PORRATI F. , GREWE D. , SEYBERT A. , FRANGAKIS A.S. , ELTSOV M. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryLowicryl resins enable processing of biological material for electron microscopy at the lowest temperatures compatible with resin embedding. When combined with high‐pressure freezing and freeze‐substitution, Lowicryl embedding supports preservation of fine structural details and fluorescent markers. Here, we analysed the applicability of Lowicryl HM20 embedding for focused ion beam (FIB) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tomography of Drosophila melanogaster embryonic and larval model systems. We show that the freeze‐substitution with per‐mill concentrations of uranyl acetate provided sufficient contrast and an image quality of SEM imaging in the range of similar samples analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Preservation of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins allowed correlative localization of regions of interest (ROI) within the embedded tissue block. TEM on sections cut from the block face enabled evaluation of structural preservation to allow ROI ranking and thus targeted, time‐efficient FIB‐SEM tomography data collection. The versatility of Lowicryl embedding opens new perspectives for designing hybrid SEM‐TEM workflows to comprehensively analyse biological structures.Lay DescriptionFocused ion beam scanning electron microscopy is becoming a widely used technique for the three‐dimensional analysis of biological samples at fine structural details beyond levels feasible for light microscopy. To withstand the abrasion of material by the ion beam and the imaging by the scanning electron beam, biological samples have to be embedded into resins, most commonly these are very dense epoxy‐based plastics. However, dense resins generate electron scattering which interferes with the signal from the biological specimen. Furthermore, to improve the imaging contrast, epoxy embedding requires chemical treatments with e.g. heavy metals, which deteriorate the ultrastructure of the biological specimen. In this study we explored the applicability of an electron lucent resin, Lowicryl HM 20, for focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. The Lowicryl embedding workflow operates at milder chemical treatments and lower temperatures, thus preserving the sub‐cellular and sub‐organellar organization, as well as fluorescent markers visible by light microscopy. Here we show that focus ion beam scanning electron microscopy of Lowicryl‐embedded fruit flies tissues provides reliable imaging revealing fine structural details. Our workflow benefited from use of transmission electron microscopy for the quality control of the ultrastructural preservation and fluorescent light microscopy for localization of regions of interest. The versatility of Lowicryl embedding opens up new perspectives for designing hybrid workflows combining fluorescent light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy techniques to comprehensively analyze biological structures.
Bacterial endocarditis and increased cardiac troponin I levels in a brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) with an interventricular septal defect
Authors: Zafalon‐Silva Bruna , Soares Frederico Aécio Carvalho , Pavarini Saulo Petinatti , Goulart Miúriel de Aquino , Snel Gustavo Geraldo Medina , González Félix Hilário Diaz , Vaz Dayana Bittencourt , Lopes Bruna Correa , Oliveira Moira Ansolch da Silva , Alievi Marcelo Meller 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) was presented with lethargy, hyporexia, cough and heart murmur. The complementary tests and necropsy revealed pleuropneumonia, bacterial endocarditis and interventricular septal defect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of increased cardiac troponin I levels in this species.
Pre‐ and postnatal development of the otic ganglion in humans
Authors: Bandke Dave , Ebauer Konstantin , Ebauer Alexander , Weis Serge 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOnly a few papers exist dealing with the development and aging of the autonomic nervous system – and even rarer are studies that investigated the otic ganglion. Using a special trepan, we removed and investigated 172 samples from 86 corpses, ranging from 20 weeks of gestational age (GA) to 95 years of age. The aim of the study was to measure different morphometric parameters of the ganglionic neurons in order to study age‐related changes from early development until old age. Fetuses show the highest numerical density of neurons. Then, in the first years of life, a rapid growth of the cytoplasm takes place, which is the main reason for the neuronal growth and the increase of the general size of the otic ganglion at this age. Also, the number of satellite cells increases till puberty. In adults, the parameters are relatively stable over decades and decrease slowly, in contrast to the steep increase in the first years of life. Moreover, neuronal degeneration, storage of pigments, neuro‐axonal dystrophy, and lymphocytic infiltrates increase with age.
Resveratrol glucuronidation in vitro: potential implications of inhibition by probenecid
Authors: Matin Bahar , Sherbini Ahmad A , Alam Novera , Harmatz Jerold S , Greenblatt David J 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring antioxidant with therapeutic potential in prevention and treatment of neoplastic disease and other human disorders. However, net clearance of resveratrol in humans is very high, mainly due to glucuronide conjugation. This leads to extensive presystemic extraction and low plasma concentrations after oral dosage. The present study evaluated the effect of probenecid, an inhibitor of glucuronide conjugation, on resveratrol metabolism in vitro.

Methods
Biotransformation of resveratrol to its 3-O-glucuronide and 4′-O-glucuronide conjugates was studied in vitro using human liver microsomal preparations. The mechanism and inhibitory potency of probenecid were evaluated based on a mixed competitive-noncompetitive inhibition model.

Key findings
Probenecid inhibition of resveratrol 3-O-glucuronidation was predominantly noncompetitive, with an inhibition constant (Ki) averaging 3.1 mm.

Conclusions
The ratio of in vivo maximum concentration of probenecid [I] during usual clinical use to the in vitro Ki value ([I]/Ki) exceeds the boundary value of 0.1, used by regulatory agencies to identify the possibility of clinical drug interactions. This finding, together with the known property of probenecid as an inhibitor of glucuronide conjugation in humans, suggests that probenecid could serve as a pharmacokinetic boosting agent to enhance systemic exposure to resveratrol in humans.
Probing molecular and isotopic features of meteoritic insoluble organic matter by solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with sub‐milligram sample
Authors: Pandey M. K. , Nishiyama Y. , Tekely P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe recorded one‐ and two‐dimensional solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of meteoric insoluble organic matter with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution permitting us to reveal unambiguous spectroscopic fingerprints relevant to its molecular and isotopic features. Two‐dimensional 1H‐1H and 1H‐13C correlation experiments have unveiled the spatial proximity between aliphatic and aromatic groups proving a highly branched character of a rigid macromolecular network composed of short aliphatic chains linking together small aromatic units. One‐dimensional 2H and two‐dimensional 1H‐2H correlation spectroscopy delivered evidence of significant reduction in the deuterium enrichment of aromatic species relevant to interstellar processes, proto‐planetary disk chemistry, and to determining the origin of the meteoritic insoluble organic matter. The experimental approach developed in this work opens new perspectives for systematic and nondestructive analysis at the molecular level of meteoritic insoluble organic matter even with a very small amount of sample from some particularly rare chondrites.
Evidence supporting dual‐process theory of medical diagnosis: a functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Rotgans Jerome I , Schmidt Henk G , Rosby Lucy V , Tan Gerald J S , Mamede Silvia , Zwaan Laura , Low‐Beer Naomi 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the dual‐process theory of medical diagnosis enjoys neuroscientific support. To that end, the study explored whether neurological correlates of system‐2 thinking could be located in the brain. It was hypothesised that system‐2 thinking could be observed as the activation of the prefrontal cortex.MethodAn experimental paradigm was applied that consisted of a learning and a test phase. During the learning phase, 22 medical students were trained in diagnosing chest X‐rays. Four of these eight cases were presented repeatedly, to develop a high level of expertise for these cases. During the test phase, all eight cases were presented and the participants’ prefrontal cortex was scanned using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy. Response time and diagnostic accuracy were recorded as behavioural indicators.ResultsThe results revealed that participants’ diagnostic accuracy in the test phase was significantly higher for the trained cases as compared with the untrained cases (F[1, 21] = 138.80, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.87). Also, their response time was significantly shorter for these cases (F[1, 21] = 18.12, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.46). Finally, the results revealed that only for the untrained cases, could a significant activation of the anterolateral prefrontal cortex be observed (F[1, 21] = 21.00, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.34).ConclusionThe fact that only untrained cases triggered higher levels of blood oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex is an indication that system‐2 thinking is a cognitive process distinct from system 1. Implications of these findings for the validity of the dual‐process theory are discussed.
Novel mutations identified in patients with tooth agenesis by whole‐exome sequencing
Authors: Zhao Kai , Lian Meifei , Zou Duohong , Huang Wei , Zhou Wenjie , Shen Yihan , Wang Feng , Wu Yiqun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo identify potentially pathogenic mutations for tooth agenesis by whole‐exome sequencing.Subjects and MethodsTen Chinese families including five families with ectodermal dysplasia (syndromic tooth agenesis) and five families with selective tooth agenesis were included. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed using genomic DNA. Potentially pathogenic mutations were identified after data filtering and screening. The pathogenicity of novel variants was investigated by segregation analysis, in silico analysis, and functional studies.ResultsOne novel mutation (c.441_442insACTCT) and three reported mutations (c.252delT, c.463C>T, and c.1013C>T) in EDA were identified in families with ectodermal dysplasia. The novel EDA mutation was co‐segregated with phenotype. A functional study revealed that NF‐κB activation was compromised by the identified mutations. The secretion of active EDA was also compromised detection by western blotting. Novel Wnt10A mutations (c.521T>C and c.653T>G) and EVC2 mutation (c.1472C>T) were identified in families with selective tooth agenesis. The Wnt10A c.521T>C mutation and the EVC2 c.1472C>T mutation were considered as pathogenic for affecting highly conserved amino acids, co‐segregated with phenotype and predicted to be disease‐causing by SIFT and PolyPhen2. Moreover, several reported mutations in PAX9, Wnt10A, and FGFR3 were also detected.ConclusionsOur study expanded our knowledge on tooth agenesis spectrum by identifying novel variants.
A global review of the ecosystem services provided by bivalve aquaculture
Authors: van der Schatte Olivier Andrew , Jones Laurence , Vay Lewis Le , Christie Michael , Wilson James , Malham Shelagh K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBivalve shellfish aquaculture provides many benefits to society, beyond their traditional market value. This study collates the evidence available on the provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services provided by the bivalve species commonly used in aquaculture. For the first time, it synthesises this evidence to provide a global assessment of the potential market and non‐market economic value of bivalve aquaculture. Bivalves are filter feeders, filtering water and particulates, creating substrates which provide habitat to act as nursery grounds for other species. Goods from provisioning services include meat, worth an estimated $23.9 billion as well as, pearls, shell and poultry grit, with oyster shell being the most important, with a global potential worth of $5.2 billion. The most important regulating services are nutrient remediation. Cultivated bivalves remove 49,000 tonnes of nitrogen and 6,000 tonnes of phosphorus, worth a potential $1.20 billion. Currently, there is little evidence on the cultural services per year of bivalve aquaculture, but we argue that these cultural values are broad ranging, although difficult to quantify. Our assessment indicates that the global, non‐food bivalve aquaculture services are worth $6.47 billion ($2.95 billion–9.99 billion) per annum. However, this is likely to be an underestimate of the true value of bivalve aquaculture as there are significant gaps in evidence of the value for a number of key services. The analysis presented here can be used to indicate the likely scale of payments for ecosystem services provided by bivalve aquaculture, prior to more detailed assessments.
Chronicling the Risk and Risk Communication by Governmental Officials During the Zika Threat
Authors: Allen Marin Pearson 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe unique circumstances surrounding Zika, including the fact that it is both mosquito‐borne and sexually transmissible, brought to the fore concerns about optimal ways to communicate risk in an environment characterized by rapidly evolving knowledge. The difficulty in doing so is magnified by the fact that science‐based health messages from governmental agencies must be developed in an evidence‐based, audience‐participative, and collaborative manner. A recent reminder in JAMA asserted the importance of preparing now for future threats. Understanding how the knowledge and messaging about Zika changed across time should help public health officials prepare for such challenges.
Looking for Meaning in All the Wrong Places: Country Music and the Politics of Identity*
Authors: Meier Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThis study argues that country music can be viewed in terms of identity politics that seeks to define an American identity.MethodsA textual analysis of country music songs is used to illustrate the various components of this American identity associated with the U.S. South and West.ResultsSix key dimensions of the country music American identity are identified‐–the goodness of the common man, family values, patriotism, race, religion, and nostalgia. Dissenting views on several themes are also illustrated.ConclusionU.S. country music can be viewed as the symbolic politics version of redistributive politics that defines values to be accepted and cherished as well as values to be denigrated and shunned.