bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underutilization of GnRH analogues (G) and exemestane (E) in young patients with early-stage breast cancer (BC) in Ontario.
Authors: Keech James , Trudeau Maureen E. , Blanchette Phillip S. , Ngan Annie , Eisen Andrea 
Published: September 2018

73 Background: In 2014-15, the randomized control trials SOFT and TEXT showed that premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, early stage BC treated with ovarian suppression (G or oophorectomy) in combination with E had improved outcomes compared to those treated with tamoxifen (T) alone. The largest benefit was observed in women younger than 35 ( < 35y). In Ontario, these regimens are not fully publicly funded for premenopausal women. We examined the utilization of adjuvant G + E for premenopausal BC patients in Ontario, as underutilization might reflect difficulty accessing these drugs. Methods: We determined the current utilization of adjuvant endocrine therapy for patients with BC through Ontario’s systemic therapy database. In particular, we examined the utilization of T, E and E + G in BC patients < 35y as these patients are expected to have the highest rates of uptake based on the outcomes of SOFT and TEXT. Results: In the first year following the publication of SOFT and TEXT, 20% of BC patients receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy received E + ovarian suppression (G or oophorectomy). This value was 14% in the following year, reflecting low uptake of the optimal treatment strategy. Conclusions: In Ontario, uptake of G + E is low in BC patients < 35y. One possible barrier to access is the lack of public funding for these drugs in this population. The low uptake may also reflect the toxicity associated with this treatment and the need for further knowledge translation. A 2017 provincial prioritization process ranked this unmet funding need as a high priority. Thus, a funding submission will be prepared to promote access to this evidence informed therapy. The submission will include a full evidence review and pharmacoeconomic analysis.[Table: see text]
Prognostic value of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in advanced cancer.
Authors: Patel Shiven B. , Akerley Wallace L. , Ose Dominik , Haydell Tyler , Martineau Jim , Dunson William A. , Chalmers Anna Weinberg , Cannon Laura , Meropol Neal J. , Haaland Ben 
Published: September 2018

8 Background: Performance status, which is prognostic of survival, is a physician’s interpretation of PROs. This retrospective study evaluated prognosis of PROs, independent of physician assessment, with overall survival (OS) and hospitalization-free survival (HFS). Methods: Patients (pts) at HCI were assessed using the NCI PROMIS-Ca bank from May 2016. Physical function (PF), fatigue, depression, anxiety, and pain scores were collected via iPad in pts with metastatic cancers. A single PRO score collected within 6 months of metastatic diagnosis for each pt was merged with outcome data using the Flatiron Health database. Associations between PROs, gender, cancer type, OS and HFS were assessed. Results: 287 complete sets of pt data were available. The PRO domains were interrelated with moderate-strong correlations (0.40-0.79). Cancer types differed by OS and HFS (p’s < 0.001). PF scores were worse for NSCLC than other cancers (p < 0.001). Individual PRO scores were worse for women than men, HFS was better for women and survival was not different. All individual PRO domains were strongly associated with HFS and OS. After correction for gender, cancer type, and individual PROs, only PF remained significant among individual PROs. Conclusions: PROs, especially PF, are prognostic of OS and HFS without physician interpretation. Gender difference may influence PROs. [Table: see text]
Assessment of health care resource utilization (HRU) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Authors: Li Sophia , Ding Zhijie , Lin Jennifer H , Pericone Chris , Behl Ajay S. , Shore Neal D. 
Published: September 2018

89 Background: Although patients with CRPC frequently develop metastasis within 3 years following castration resistance, the impact of metastasis on HRU in these patients is not well understood. Methods: The Optum de-identified electronic health record database (1/1/2007 – 4/30/2016) was used in this single cohort observational study comparing HRU after metastasis with HRU before metastasis. The cohort included only non-metastatic CRPC (nmCRPC) patients who later developed metastasis. The pre-metastasis period spanned from nmCRPC identification to development of metastasis; the post-metastasis period spanned from metastasis until death or end of data availability. Per-patient per-month (PPPM) HRU was estimated during both pre- and post-metastasis periods by a generalized linear mixed model adjusted for log-transformed baseline PSA, age, testosterone levels, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Results: With a mean time of 11 and 17 months of pre- and post-metastasis periods, respectively, 540 CRPC men were included, with a mean age at nmCRPC identification of 75 years. Higher HRU was seen across all service types during the post-metastasis period. There was a 2.5-fold increase in inpatient admissions and a 6.4-fold increase in inpatient length-of-stay in the post-metastasis period compared to the pre-metastasis period (p < 0.01). For emergency department (ED) visits, there was a 2.0-fold increase from the pre- to post-metastasis periods (p < 0.01). For observation unit visits, a 2.7-fold increase was seen in the post-metastasis period (p < 0.01). Finally, patients were 40% more likely to have an office visit after developing metastasis (p < 0.01). The PPPM use of intensive care unit, hospice or skilled nursing facility were too low for meaningful comparison between the pre- and post-metastasis periods. Conclusions: Shorter time to metastasis was observed in this cohort vs. other nmCRPC studies, likely due to delayed disease identification. CRPC patients incurred substantially higher HRU after developing metastasis, attributable to inpatient, ED, observation unit as well as office visits, suggesting that delaying metastasis may reduce or delay the increased HRU in patients with nmCRPC.
Uncovering oncologists’ gaps and attitudes toward biosimilars: Impact of a two-phase educational program.
Authors: Schwartz Zachary , Schulz Jenny , Vinther Angelique , Agarwala Sanjiv S. , Kuklinski Alyce 
Published: September 2018

91 Background: Biosimilar agents are changing the clinical landscape in oncology. We sought to measure oncologists’ competence and knowledge of biosimilars and to address identified educational gaps related to biosimilars’ clinical application. Methods: We designed a 2-phase online educational program focused on biosimilars that included questions to measure oncologists’ knowledge and competence. These questions were administered before and then repeated after the education was delivered. Oncologists were also invited to submit their own questions about biosimilars and their use in clinical practice. To uncover key educational gaps, we identified questions with high incorrect responses at baseline, persistence of incorrect responses, and questions submitted by learners during Phase 1 of the education. These gaps were used to refine the teaching in Phase 2 of the education. Results: Between March and December 2017, a total of 1616 oncologists participated in the education. Among the subset of oncologists who answered at least 1 question, we identified persistent misunderstandings about biosimilars at baseline: 59% incorrectly believed a biosimilar could have efficacy that differs from its reference agent; a further 15% were unsure (n = 238)  Absolute improvement in optimal response was 19% over baseline ( P = .0002) after Phase 1 of the education and 42% ( P < .0001) after Phase 2 66% did not understand that, in the US, biosimilars cannot be substituted at the pharmacy without the prescriber’s approval (n = 220)  Absolute improvement in optimal response was 13% over baseline ( P = .0571) after Phase 1 of the education and 33% ( P < .0001) after Phase 2 82% did not understand extrapolation of indications among biosimilars (n = 114)  Absolute improvement in optimal response was 41% over baseline ( P < .0001) after the education Oncologists’ willingness to prescribe biosimilars also increased. Conclusions: We uncovered gaps in oncologists’ understanding of the efficacy, substitution, and indications of biosimilars, which may explain some oncologists’ reluctance to consider biosimilars as a treatment option for their patients. This educational program increased oncologists’ competence with biosimilars.
What factors are associated with oncologist discussions of the costs of genomic testing and related treatment?
Authors: Yabroff K Robin , Zhao Jingxuan , de Moor Janet , Sineshaw Helmneh M. , Freedman Andrew N , Zheng Zhiyuan , Han Xuesong , Rai Ashish , Klabunde Carrie N. 
Published: September 2018

95 Background: Use of genomic testing to inform cancer treatment is an increasingly common practice in the US. Genomic testing and related treatment can be expensive and not all tests and treatments are covered by health insurance plans. Little is known about how often physicians discuss costs of genomic testing and related treatment with their patients, nor about the physician and/or practice factors associated with those discussions. Methods: We identified 1220 oncologists who participated in the National Survey of Precision Medicine in Cancer Treatment in 2017 and reported discussing genomic testing with their patients within 12 months. Weighted percentages were used to describe the frequency of cost discussions and multivariable polytomous logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between physician and practice characteristics and the frequency of cost discussions. Results: Among oncologists who discussed genomic testing, 50.0% reported often discussing the likely costs of testing and related treatment; 26.3% reported sometimes discussing costs; and the remaining 23.7% reported never or rarely discussing costs. In adjusted analyses, oncologists who used next-generation sequencing gene panel tests were more likely to have cost discussions with their patients often (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.6,3.2) or sometimes (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7) compared to rarely or never. Other physician and practice factors associated with more frequent cost discussions were treating solid tumors only (rather than hematologic only or both hematologic and solid tumors), training in genomic testing, and working in practices with electronic medical record (EMR) alerts for genomic tests (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Physician and practice factors are associated with discussions of the costs of genomic testing and related treatments. As professional organizations increasingly recommend discussions of costs with cancer patients, consideration of modifiable physician and practice factors, such as training in genomic testing and use of EMR alerts, may help achieve these aims.
The Cost of Female Citizenship
Authors: Jarvis Katie L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn 1793, the National Convention passed two hallmarks of Jacobin legislation: sweeping price controls called the General Maximum and a ban on women's political clubs. At the center of both issues were factional clashes among the Montagnards, Girondins, and Enragés, on the one hand, and Parisian market women called the Dames des Halles and the leading women's club called the Société des Citoyennes Républicaines Révolutionnaires, on the other. Montagnard deputies pointed to marketplace brawls between the Dames and the club women to argue that women were irrational and had no place in formal politics. Consequently, the dominant historiographical narrative frames their ban as codifying Rousseauian gender norms and ideologically stunting women's citizenship at the outset of French democracy. However, this article analyzes the mechanics of the Maximum to argue that the ban on women's clubs emerged from contests over price controls, market regulation, and the economic dimensions of citizenship itself.En 1793, la Convention nationale vota deux projets phares de la législation jacobine : la loi du Maximum général sur le contrôle des prix et l'interdiction des clubs politiques féminins. Ces projets se déroulèrent pendant les affrontements entre d'une part les Montagnards, les Girondins et les Enragés, et d'autre part les marchandes parisiennes appelées « Dames des halles » et la Société des citoyennes républicaines révolutionnaires, qui fut alors le principal club féminin. En octobre, les Montagnards dénoncèrent des rixes entre les Dames des halles et les Citoyennes républicaines pour soutenir que les femmes étaient irrationnelles et ne devaient pas participer à la vie politique. Par la suite, l'historiographie considéra que l'interdiction des clubs féminins transcrivit dans la loi les normes de genre rousseauiennes qui avaient cours dans la société et stipulaient que la citoyenneté ne pouvait s'exercer que dans le cadre des institutions politiques, d'où les femmes devaient être exclues. Cependant, cet article analyse le fonctionnement de la loi du Maximum pour soutenir que l'interdiction des clubs féminins fut moins une transcription de normes de genre écartant les femmes de la vie politique, qu'elle n'émergea face aux tensions qui existèrent entre les marchandes et les consommateurs, porteurs de visions contradictoires sur les droits et les devoirs économiques des citoyens. Dès lors, la participation à la vie économique peut être analysée comme un enjeu politique qui révèle des conceptions différentes de la citoyenneté et de la participation à la démocratie.
The dynamics of Hippo signaling during Drosophila wing development
Authors: Pan Yuanwang , Alégot Herve , Rauskolb Cordelia , Irvine Kenneth D. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Tissue growth needs to be properly controlled for organs to reach their correct size and shape, but the mechanisms that control growth during normal development are not fully understood. We report here that the activity of the Hippo signaling transcriptional activator Yorkie gradually decreases in the central region of the developing Drosophila wing disc. Spatial and temporal changes in Yorkie activity can be explained by changes in cytoskeletal tension and biomechanical regulators of Hippo signaling. These changes in cellular biomechanics correlate with changes in cell density, and experimental manipulations of cell density are sufficient to alter biomechanical Hippo signaling and Yorkie activity. We also relate the pattern of Yorkie activity in older discs to patterns of cell proliferation. Our results establish that spatial and temporal patterns of Hippo signaling occur during wing development, that these patterns depend upon cell-density modulated tissue mechanics and that they contribute to the regulation of wing cell proliferation.
Local microtubule organization promotes cargo transport in C. elegans dendrites
Authors: Harterink Martin , Edwards Stacey L. , de Haan Bart , Yau Kah Wai , van den Heuvel Sander , Kapitein Lukas C. , Miller Kenneth G. , Hoogenraad Casper C. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
The specific organization of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton in axons and dendrites is an evolutionarily conserved determinant of neuronal polarity that allows for selective cargo sorting. However, how dendritic microtubules are organized and whether local differences influence cargo transport remains largely unknown. Here, we use live-cell imaging to systematically probe the microtubule organization in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons, and demonstrate the contribution of distinct mechanisms in the organization of dendritic microtubules. We found that most non-ciliated neurons depend on unc-116 (kinesin-1), unc-33 (CRMP) and unc-44 (ankyrin) for correct microtubule organization and polarized cargo transport, as previously reported. Ciliated neurons and the URX neuron, however, use an additional pathway to nucleate microtubules at the tip of the dendrite, from the base of the cilium in ciliated neurons. Since inhibition of distal microtubule nucleation affects distal dendritic transport, we propose a model in which the presence of a microtubule-organizing center at the dendrite tip ensures correct dendritic cargo transport.
Burden of cancer in Kenya: types, infection-attributable and trends. A national referral hospital retrospective survey
Authors: Macharia Lucy Wanjiku , Mureithi Marianne Wanjiru , Anzala Omu 
Published: September 2018

Background: Cancer in Africa is an emerging health problem. In Kenya it ranks third as a cause of death after infectious and cardiovascular diseases. Approximately 15% of the global cancer burden is attributable to infectious agents, with higher percentages in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to provide comprehensive hospital based data to inform policies Method: A retrospective survey was conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) from 2008 to 2012. Data was obtained from the patients files using a pre-designed data collection form. The study was approved by the KNH/University of Nairobi and MTRH Ethics and Research Committees. Results: In KNH, the five most common cancers in females (n=300) were cervical 62 (20.7%), breast 59 (19.7%), ovarian 22 (7.3%), chronic leukemia 16 (5.3%), endometrial and gastric both with 15 (5%). In males (n=200) they were prostate 23 (11.5%), laryngeal 19 (9.5%), colorectal 17 (8.5%), esophageal 14 (7.0%) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma 12 (6%). The top infection-attributable cancers were: cervical 62 (12.4%), colorectal 31 (6.2%), gastric 26 (5.2%), prostate 23 (4.6%) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma 17 (3.4%). In contrast, in MTRH the five most common cancers in females (n=282) were breast cancer 74 (26.2%), cervical 41 (14.5%), Kaposi’s sarcoma 38 (13.5%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 15(5.3%) and ovarian 14 (5%) while in males (n=218) they were Kaposi’s sarcoma 55 (25.2%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 22 (10.1%), chronic leukemia 17 (7.8%), colorectal and esophageal cancers both with 16 (7.3%). The top infection-attributable cancers were: Kaposi’s sarcoma 93 (18.6%), cervical 41 (8.2%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 37 (7.4%), colorectal 27 (5.4%) and liver cancer 16 (3.2%). Conclusion: This study presents a picture of the burden of cancer and infection-attributable cancer from two referral hospitals in Kenya. Reducing the burden of infection-attributable cancers can translate to a reduction of the overall cancer burden.
Sea, sand and shadow economy – consumer acceptance of shadow hospitality in Greece
Authors: Apostolidis Chrysostomos , Haeussler Stephanie 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This study explores tourists’ acceptance of shadow hospitality (SH) and examines how individuals rationalize this acceptance. Based on deterrence theory and neutralization techniques (NTs), a theoretical model is proposed to support the development of strategies to control SH and its negative aspects. In-depth interviews with respondents from Greece, United Kingdom and Germany were carried out and analysed using template analysis. Five broad themes are identified explaining respondents’ acceptance of SH: economic benefits, domesticity, supporting local communities, seeking authentic experiences and uniqueness. Perceived quality, penalties and shame are the factors negatively influencing acceptance of SH. Although people appear to be aware of the issues associated with SH, various NTs are used to justify acceptance of SH and avoid (self-)blame. The research explains how tourists can be stimulated to consciously consider their purchasing behaviour. The various NTs employed suggest that governments and businesses need to develop various interventions to control SH and reduce its impact on the tourism sector. By developing a theoretical model, the study contributes to the understanding of tourists’ acceptance of SH and provides a foundation for further research in the increasingly popular but under-researched informal hospitality sector.
Discourses of scale in network hospitality: From the Airbnb home to the global imaginary of ‘belong anywhere’
Authors: Molz Jennie Germann 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Tourists are increasingly turning to peer-to-peer platforms such as Airbnb to arrange homestays in their destinations. For better or for worse, these forms of network hospitality are transforming the hospitality landscape, with critical repercussions for home owners, residential neighbourhoods, local economies, urban planners and company investors and executives. These stakeholders often frame their discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of network hospitality in scalar terms. The article begins by analysing the discursive construction of spatial scales, spanning from the private enclaves of hosts’ homes, to the public spaces of neighbourhoods and cities, to the global imaginary implied in Airbnb’s motto ‘Belong Anywhere’. It then asks how temporal and digital scales are also invoked in discourse about Airbnb, and with what ethical and political implications. Drawing on scholarly research, newspaper articles and corporate marketing materials, the analysis reflects critically on how scale is deployed to assert power, assign moral responsibility, and make claims to belonging in the context of network hospitality.
‘Longing for the British Raj’: Imperial/colonial nostalgia and tourism
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Ranjan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Hospitality and tourism scholars have acknowledged the significance of colonial nostalgia for the discipline; however, much needs to be done to analyse the consequences involved. Using the theoretical background of postcolonialism and whiteness studies, this study attends to this significant research gap by exploring British tourists’ pursuit of colonial nostalgia through tourism, thus emphasizing that colonial nostalgia is a distinctively hospitality and tourism social science phenomenon. British tourists visiting Kolkata and Darjeeling in India were interviewed and the results revealed that these tourists are proud of the British Empire and visit India to resurrect those golden days when Britannia ruled the waves and bask in the glory of the Raj and its ‘Anglophilia’. The British tourists’ attitude on one hand expressed their pride of being a superior race compared to the savage Indians, and on the other, justified their support for the legacy of the British Empire.
Launching the journal, opening the forum
Authors: Kapchan Deborah A , Stokes Martin , Box Laura Chakravarty , Wolf Richard K. , Waugh Earle , Sultanova Razia , Frishkopf Michael , Sarrazin Natalie , Cohen Matthew Isaac , Aghaie Kamran Scot , Murthy Dhiraj , Baily John , Rasmussen Anne K. , Suleiman Yasir 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Methylation pattern polymorphism of cyp19a in Nile tilapia and hybrids
Authors: Chen Xiaowu , Zhao Yonghua , He Yudong , Zhao Jinliang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSkewed sex development is prevalent in fish hybrids. However, the histological observation and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we showed that the interspecific hybrids of the two fish species,Oreochromis niloticusandOreochromis aureus, had a male ratio of 98.02%. Microscopic examination revealed that the gonads of both male and female hybrids were developmentally retarded. Compared with the ovaries, the testes of bothO. niloticusand hybrids showed higher DNA methylation level in two selected regions in the promoter ofcyp19a, the gonadal aromatase gene that converts androgens into estrogens,cyp19ashowed higher level gene expression in the ovary than in the testis in bothO. niloticusand hybrid tilapia. Methylation and gene expression level ofcyp19awere negative correlation between the testis and ovary. Gene transcription was suppressed by the methylation of thecyp19apromoter in vitro. While there is no obvious difference of the methylation level in testis or ovary betweenO. niloticusand hybrids. Thus, the DNA methylation of the promoter ofcyp19amay be an essential component of the sex maintenance, but not a determinant of high male ratio and developmental retardation of gonads in tilapia hybrids.