bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glass‐transition temperature of a polyacrylate latex film and its water whitening resistance
Authors: Luo Zhentao , Huang He 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPolyacrylate latex materials have become a hot area recently in China due to its environmental friendliness. However, the water whitening resistance of the polyacrylate latex products in the market is largely unsatisfactory, which seriously affects the appearance and performance of the latex products. In this work, the effect of glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of a polyacrylate latex film on its water whitening resistance was investigated. The light transmittance measurement showed that the higher the Tg of the latex film, the better the water whitening resistance. Atomic force microscope, surface element analysis, static water contact angle measurement, and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared were used to characterize the accumulation of the emulsifier on the surface of the latex film. It was found that the amount of emulsifier migrated to the surface of the latex film increased with the increase of the Tg of the latex film, that is, the amount of emulsifier remained inside the latex film decreased, thereby reducing its affinity to water. In addition, the higher the Tg of the latex film, the lower the water absorption, also reducing the affinity of the latex film to water. Both work together to improve the water whitening resistance of polyacrylate latex film with higher Tg. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48361.
The History of Knowledge and the Future of Knowledge Societies
Authors: Dupré Sven , Somsen Geert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe new field of the history of knowledge is often presented as a mere expansion of the history of science. We argue that it has a greater ambition. The re‐definition of the historiographical domain of the history of knowledge urges us to ask new questions about the boundaries, hierarchies, and mutual constitution of different types of knowledge as well as the role and assessment of failure and ignorance in making knowledge. These issues have pertinence in the current climate where expertise is increasingly questioned and authority seems to lose its ground. Illustrated with examples from recent historiography of the sixteenth to twentieth centuries, we indicate some fruitful new avenues for research in the history of knowledge. Taken together, we hope that they will show that the history of knowledge could build the expertise required by the challenges of twenty‐first century knowledge societies, just like the history of science, throughout its development as a discipline in the twentieth century, responded to the demands posed by science and society.
Pure erythroid leukemia, presenting with pancytopenia. Images in Hematology
Authors: Linnik Yevgeniy , Batukbhai Bhavina , Loo Eric 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPure erythroid leukemia is an aggressive form of acute leukemia, presenting with pancytopenia. It is defined as a neoplasm of erythroid lineage without a significant myeloblastic component, representing >80% of marrow, with 30% or more proerythroblasts. The disease has a rapid clinical course with median survival of only 3 months.
Crescentic IgA nephropathy along with simultaneous cellular and antibody‐mediated rejection in a kidney transplant leading to rapid allograft failure
Authors: Gani Imran , Kleven Daniel , Mulloy Laura 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCrescentic IgA Nephropathy in a renal transplant can lead to rapid loss of graft function despite treatment. Concurrent treatment‐resistant acute cellular and antibody‐mediated rejection make the prognosis even worse.
Wireless, Battery‐Less Biosensors Based on Direct Electron Transfer Reactions
Authors: Ruzgas Tautgirdas , Larpant Nutcha , Shafaat Atefeh , Sotres Javier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStudies of direct electron transfer (DET) between enzymes and electrodes, among other reasons, are aimed at designing the simplest and most efficient biosensor designs. This direction might become especially valuable for the widespread integration of biosensors in Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) networks. In this Minireview, the simplicity of the design of wireless biosensors based on DET is discussed. It can be concluded that DET allows construction of wireless biosensors, which require no or only a few semiconductor elements. Hopefully, some of these demonstrations will translate into competitive and useful devices strongly promoting biosensing in IoT networks.
Targeting a Large Active Site: Structure‐Based Design of Nanomolar Inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei Trypanothione Reductase
Authors: De Gasparo Raoul , Halgas Ondrej , Harangozo Dora , Kaiser Marcel , Pai Emil F. , Krauth‐Siegel R. Luise , Diederich François 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTrypanothione reductase (TR) plays a key role in the unique redox metabolism of trypanosomatids, the causative agents of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), Chagas’ disease, and leishmaniases. Introduction of a new, lean propargylic vector to a known class of TR inhibitors resulted in the strongest reported competitive inhibitor of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei TR, with an inhibition constant Ki of 73 nm, which is fully selective against human glutathione reductase (hGR). The best ligands exhibited in vitro IC50 values (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration) against the HAT pathogen, T. brucei rhodesiense, in the mid‐nanomolar range, reaching down to 50 nm. X‐Ray co‐crystal structures confirmed the binding mode of the ligands and revealed the presence of a HEPES buffer molecule in the large active site. Extension of the propargylic vector, guided by structure‐based design, to replace the HEPES buffer molecule should give inhibitors with low nanomolar Ki and IC50 values for in vivo studies.
Recent Progress in the Electrolytes of Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Shuo , Zhu Jiacai , Tian Jinlei , Niu Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered tremendous attention in the field of next energy storage devices due to their high safety, low cost, abundant resources, and eco‐friendliness. As an important component of the zinc‐ion battery, the electrolyte plays a vital role in the electrochemical properties, since it will provide a pathway for the migrations of the zinc ions between the cathode and anode, and determine the ionic conductivity, electrochemically stable potential window, and reaction mechanism. In this Minireview, a brief introduction of electrochemical principles of the aqueous ZIBs is discussed and the recent advances of various aqueous electrolytes for ZIBs, including liquid, gel, and multifunctional hydrogel electrolytes are also summarized. Furthermore, the remaining challenges and future directions of electrolytes in aqueous ZIBs are also discussed, which could provide clues for the following development.
Bio‐inspired Total Synthesis of Twelve Securinega Alkaloids: Structural Reassignments of (+)‐Virosine B and (−)‐Episecurinol A
Authors: Antien Kevin , Lacambra Aitor , Cossío Fernando P. , Massip Stéphane , Deffieux Denis , Pouységu Laurent , Peixoto Philippe A. , Quideau Stéphane 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe so‐called Securinega alkaloids constitute a class of tetracyclic biologically active specialised metabolites isolated principally from subtropical plants belonging to the Phyllanthaceae family. Following a strategy based on alternative hypotheses for their biosynthesis, an easy and time‐efficient divergent synthesis enabled access to twelve of those alkaloids featuring (neo)(nor)securinane skeletons. Moreover, this work permitted to reassign the absolute configurations of (+)‐virosine B and (−)‐episecurinol A.
The Synergistic Effect of a Bimetallic Catalyst for the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Aerogels and their Predominant Chirality
Authors: Moon Sook Young , Kim Woo Sik 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSynthesis of continuous spinnable carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers is the most promising method for producing CNT fibers for commercial applications. The floating‐catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC‐CVD) method is a rapid process that achieves catalyst formation, CNT nucleation and growth, and aerogel‐like sock formation within a few seconds. However, the formation mechanism is unknown. Herein, the progress of CNT fiber formation with bimetallic catalysts was studied, and the effect of catalyst composition to CNT fiber synthesis and their structural properties was investigated. In the case of bimetallic catalysts, the carbon source rapidly decomposes and generates various secondary hydrocarbon species, such as CH4, C2H4, C2H2, C3H6, and C4H10 whereas monometallic catalysts generate only CH4 and C2H4 on decomposition. CNT fiber formation with Fe1Ni0 begins about 400 mm from the reactor entrance, whereas CNT formation with Fe0.8Ni0.2 and Fe0.5Ni0.5 begins at about 500 and 300 mm, respectively. The formed CNT bundles and individual CNTs are oriented along the gas flow at these locations. The enhanced rate of fiber formation and lowering of growth temperature associated with bimetallic catalysts is explained by the synergistic effects between the two metals. The synthesized CNTs become predominantly semiconducting with increasing Ni contents.
Nuclei Isolation Staining (NIS) Method for Imaging Chromatin‐Associated Proteins in Difficult Cell Types
Authors: Neely Amy E. , Bao Xiaomin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpatial distribution of chromatin‐associated proteins provides invaluable information for understanding gene regulation. Conventional immunostaining is widely used for labeling chromatin‐associated proteins in many cell types. However, for a subset of difficult cell types, such as differentiated human keratinocytes, achieving high‐quality immunostaining for nuclear proteins remains challenging. To overcome this technical barrier, we developed the nuclei isolation staining (NIS) method. In brief, NIS involves rapid isolation of nuclei from live cells, followed by fixation and staining of the nuclei directly on coverslips for subsequent high‐magnification imaging. By removing the cytoplasmic contents and staining just the nuclei, this NIS method drastically improves antibody labeling efficiency for chromatin‐associated proteins. In this article, we describe the development and a step‐by‐step protocol of NIS, using differentiated human keratinocytes as an example. We also discuss other applications, based on the principle of this NIS method, for understanding cell‐type and cell‐state specific gene regulation. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A hybrid ARM‐FPGA cluster for cryptographic algorithm acceleration
Authors: Bai Xu , Yang Jiajia , Dai Qiong , Chen Zhaolin 
Published: August 2019

SummaryClusters based on hybrid architectures combining ARM CPUs and FPGA fabric, such as the Xilinx Zynq SoC, not only are energy‐efficient platforms with strong processing power but also have the advantages of distributed computing systems balancing the workload between cores, processors, and nodes. This paper employs a 48‐node cluster infrastructure based on the Xilinx Zynq SoC to accelerate classical cryptographic algorithms, including hash functions, AES, and RSA. In this design, we leverage the flexibility of the software to implement node‐to‐node communication through the message passing interface (MPI), and we offload the compute‐intensive tasks to the FPGA to accelerate complex calculations with the parallelizability of specific reconfigurable coprocessors. In addition, we study several parallel cryptography optimizations based on FPGA to evaluate this cluster. Finally, using a comparison with a multi‐core desktop (Intel i7‐3770) and a many‐core server (288 cores), the efficiency of the implementations of the selected data encryption and decryption algorithms is presented to illustrate the performance of our system; we also gain up to 3.6× increase in energy efficiency.
Distribution pattern of common drugs of abuse, ethyl glucuronide, and benzodiazepines in hair across the scalp
Authors: Meier Ulf , Colledge Flora , Imfeld Stephan , Briellmann Thomas , Mercer‐Chalmers‐Bender Katja , Scheurer Eva , Dussy Franz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile hair analysis is important and accepted in forensic applications, fundamental knowledge gaps still exist, exacerbated by a lack of knowledge of the incorporation mechanisms of substances into hair. The influence of the hair sampling location on the head on ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and cocaine concentrations was investigated by measuring the complete scalp hair of 14 (2 EtG, 4 cocaine, 8 both EtG and cocaine) study participants in a grid pattern for EtG, drugs of abuse, and benzodiazepines. Head skin perfusion and sweating rates were investigated to rationalize the concentration differences. For EtG, ratios between maximum and minimum concentrations on the scalp ranged from 2.5 to 7.1 (mean 4.4). For cocaine, the ratios ranged from 2.8 to 105 (mean 17.6). EtG concentrations were often highest at the vertex, but the distribution was strongly participant dependent. Cocaine and its metabolites showed the lowest concentrations at the vertex and the highest on the periphery, especially at the forehead. These differences led to hair from some head parts being clearly above conventional cut‐offs and others clearly below. In addition to EtG and cocaine, the distributions of 24 other drugs of abuse and benzodiazepines/z‐substances and metabolites are described. No clear pattern was observed for the head skin perfusion. Sweating rate measurements revealed higher sweating rates on the periphery of the haircut. Therefore, sweat could be a main incorporation route for cocaine. Concentration differences can lead to different interpretations depending on the sampling site. Therefore, the results are highly relevant for routine forensic hair analysis.
Management regime and habitat response influence abundance of regal fritillary (Speyeria idalia) in tallgrass prairie
Authors: McCullough K. , Albanese G. , Haukos D. A. , Ricketts A. M. , Stratton S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe >2,570,000‐ha Flint Hills ecoregion of Kansas, USA, harbors the largest remaining contiguous tract of tallgrass prairie in North America, a unique system, as the remainder of North America's tallgrass prairie has succumbed to development and conversion. Consequently, the loss and degradation of tallgrass prairie has reduced populations of many North American prairie‐obligate species including the regal fritillary (Speyeria idalia) butterfly. Population abundance and occupied range of regal fritillary have declined >99%, restricting many populations to isolated, remnant patches of tallgrass prairie. Such extensive decline has resulted in consideration of the regal fritillary for protection under the Endangered Species Act. Although it is widely accepted that management practices such as fire, grazing, and haying are necessary to maintain prairie ecosystems, reported responses by regal fritillary to these management regimes have been ambiguous. We tested effects of prescribed fire across short, moderate, and long fire‐return intervals as well as grazing and haying management treatments on regal fritillary density. We also tested the relative influence of habitat characteristics created by these management regimes by measuring density of an obligate host plant (Violaspp.) and canopy cover of woody vegetation, grasses, forbs/ferns, bare ground, and litter. We found density was at least 1.6 times greater in sites burned with a moderate fire‐return interval vs. sites burned with short and long fire‐return intervals. Overall management regardless of fire‐return interval did not have an effect on density. Percent cover of grass had the strongest positive association, while percent cover of woody vegetation had the greatest negative effect on density. Our results indicate that patch‐burning is a viable and perhaps even ideal management strategy for regal fritillary in tallgrass prairie landscapes. Additionally, these results elucidate the importance of fire, particularly when applied at moderate‐return intervals to regal fritillary, and corroborate a growing suite of studies that suggest fire is perhaps not as detrimental to populations of regal fritillary as previously believed.
Influence of microclimate and geomorphological factors on alpine vegetation in the Western Swiss Alps
Authors: Giaccone Elisa , Luoto Miska , Vittoz Pascal , Guisan Antoine , Mariéthoz Grégoire , Lambiel Christophe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAmong the numerous environmental factors affecting plant communities in alpine ecosystems, the influence of geomorphic processes and landforms has been minimally investigated. Subjected to persistent climate warming, it is vital to understand how these factors affect vegetation properties. Here, we studied 72 vegetation plots across three sites located in the Western Swiss Alps, characterized by high geomorphological variability and plant diversity. For each plot, vascular plant species were inventoried and ground surface temperature, soil moisture, topographic variables, earth surface processes (ESPs) and landform morphodynamics were assessed. The relationships between plant communities and environmental variables were analysed using non‐metric multi‐dimensional scaling (NMDS) and multivariate regression techniques (generalized linear model, GLM, and generalized additive model, GAM). Landform morphodynamics, growing degree days (sum of degree days above 5°C) and mean ground surface temperature were the most important explanatory variables of plant community composition. Furthermore, the regression models for species cover and species richness were significantly improved by adding a morphodynamics variable. This study provides complementary support that landform morphodynamics is a key factor, combined with growing degree days, to explain alpine plant distribution and community composition. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fault location in multilateral distribution network with electric vehicle charging load
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Saxena D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn a multilateral distribution network, faults at different locations can generate the same voltage and current at the substation; hence, the calculated fault location can correspond to several places in the network. To avoid this major problem, a two‐terminal travelling wave‐based fault location method is presented in this article, which at first identifies the faulted lateral in the distribution network and then estimates the exact fault location. The proposed fault location scheme uses wavelet energy entropy of the recorded three‐phase current signals and the magnitude of ground mode component wavelet modulus maxima (WMM) for fault detection and fault type identification in the network. After that, the faulted lateral identification followed by the exact fault location is performed using the aerial mode component WMM of the fault‐generated current transients. Since the integration of electric vehicle (EV) charging load is increasing day by day to the distribution network, the performance of the proposed algorithm is tested with EV charging load along with distributed generation integrated into the distribution network. Modeling and simulation of the distribution network and EV load are performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results show that the proposed method can accurately locate fault under different operating conditions.
Genetic overlap between autoimmune diseases and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes
Authors: Din Lennox , Sheikh Mohammad , Kosaraju Nikitha , Smedby Karin Ekstrom , Bernatsky Sasha , Berndt Sonja I. , Skibola Christine F. , Nieters Alexandra , Wang Sophia , McKay James D. , Cocco Pierluigi , Maynadié Marc , Foretová Lenka , Staines Anthony , Mack Thomas M. , de Sanjosé Silvia , Vyse Timothy J. , Padyukov Leonid , Monnereau Alain , Arslan Alan A. , Moore Amy , Brooks‐Wilson Angela R. , Novak Anne J. , Glimelius Bengt , Birmann Brenda M. , Link Brian K. , Stewart Carolyn , Vajdic Claire M. , Haioun Corinne , Magnani Corrado , Conti David V. , Cox David G. , Casabonne Delphine , Albanes Demetrius , Kane Eleanor , Roman Eve , Muzi Giacomo , Salles Gilles , Giles Graham G. , Adami Hans‐Olov , Ghesquières Hervé , De Vivo Immaculata , Clavel Jacqueline , Cerhan James R. , Spinelli John J. , Hofmann Jonathan , Vijai Joseph , Curtin Karen , Costenbader Karen H. , Onel Kenan , Offit Kenneth , Teras Lauren R. , Morton Lindsay , Conde Lucia , Miligi Lucia , Melbye Mads , Ennas Maria Grazia , Liebow Mark , Purdue Mark P. , Glenn Martha , Southey Melissa C. , Din Morris , Rothman Nathaniel , Camp Nicola J. , Wong Doo Nicole , Becker Nikolaus , Pradhan Nisha , Bracci Paige M. , Boffetta Paolo , Vineis Paolo , Brennan Paul , Kraft Peter , Lan Qing , Severson Richard K. , Vermeulen Roel C. H. , Milne Roger L. , Kaaks Rudolph , Travis Ruth C. , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Chanock Stephen J. , Ansell Stephen M. , Slager Susan L. , Zheng Tongzhang , Zhang Yawei , Benavente Yolanda , Taub Zachary , Madireddy Lohith , Gourraud Pierre‐Antoine , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Cozen Wendy , Hjalgrim Henrik , Khankhanian Pouya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEpidemiologic studies show an increased risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in patients with autoimmune disease (AD), due to a combination of shared environmental factors and/or genetic factors, or a causative cascade: chronic inflammation/antigen‐stimulation in one disease leads to another. Here we assess shared genetic risk in genome‐wide‐association‐studies (GWAS).Secondary analysis of GWAS of NHL subtypes (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and marginal zone lymphoma) and ADs (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis). Shared genetic risk was assessed by (a) description of regional genetic of overlap, (b) polygenic risk score (PRS), (c)"diseasome", (d)meta‐analysis.Descriptive analysis revealed few shared genetic factors between each AD and each NHL subtype. The PRS of ADs were not increased in NHL patients (nor vice versa). In the diseasome, NHLs shared more genetic etiology with ADs than solid cancers (p = .0041). A meta‐analysis (combing AD with NHL) implicated genes of apoptosis and telomere length.This GWAS‐based analysis four NHL subtypes and three ADs revealed few weakly‐associated shared loci, explaining little total risk. This suggests common genetic variation, as assessed by GWAS in these sample sizes, may not be the primary explanation for the link between these ADs and NHLs.