bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity Intensity, Volume, and Norms: Utility and Interpretation of Accelerometer Metrics
Authors: ROWLANDS ALEX V. , FAIRCLOUGH STUART J. , YATES TOM , EDWARDSON CHARLOTTE L. , DAVIES MELANIE , MUNIR FEHMIDAH , KHUNTI KAMLESH , STILES VICTORIA H. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The physical activity profile can be described from accelerometer data using two population-independent metrics: average acceleration (ACC, volume) and intensity gradient (IG, intensity). This article aims 1) to demonstrate how these metrics can be used to investigate the relative contributions of volume and intensity of physical activity for a range of health markers across data sets and 2) to illustrate the future potential of the metrics for generation of age and sex-specific percentile norms.

Methods
Secondary data analyses were conducted on five diverse data sets using wrist-worn accelerometers (ActiGraph/GENEActiv/Axivity): children (n = 145), adolescent girls (n = 1669), office workers (n = 114), premenopausal (n = 1218) and postmenopausal (n = 1316) women, and adults with type 2 diabetes (n = 475). Open-source software (GGIR) was used to generate ACC and IG. Health markers were (a) zBMI (children), (b) %fat (adolescent girls and adults), (c) bone health (pre- and postmenopausal women), and (d) physical function (adults with type 2 diabetes).

Results
Multiple regression analyses showed that IG, but not ACC, was independently associated with zBMI/%fat in children and adolescents. In adults, associations were stronger and the effects of ACC and IG were additive. For bone health and physical function, interactions showed associations were strongest if IG was high, largely irrespective of ACC. Exemplar illustrative percentile “norms” showed the expected age-related decline in physical activity, with greater drops in IG across age than ACC.

Conclusion
The ACC and the IG accelerometer metrics facilitate the investigation of whether volume and intensity of physical activity have independent, additive, or interactive effects on health markers. In future studies, the adoption of data-driven metrics would facilitate the generation of age- and sex-specific norms that would be beneficial to researchers.
Identification and phylogenetic analysis of oral Veillonella species isolated from the saliva of Japanese children
Authors: Djais Ariadna A. , Theodorea Citra Fragrantia , Mashima Izumi , Otomo Maiko , Saitoh Masato , Nakazawa Futoshi 
Published: July 2019

Background:As the most frequent infectious disease among children worldwide, dental caries have a strong relationship with oral hygiene status, specifically in the development of infection. However, the study regarding the identification and distribution of oralVeillonellaare limited. The oralVeillonellacommunity may affected by the differences in geographical location, age, diet, lifestyle, socio-economic status and oral hygiene status. Here, we studied the oral hygiene status by examining the composition and proportion of oralVeillonellaspecies in saliva of Japanese children to compare with the previous results found in Thai children.Methods:Microbial samples collected from 15 Japanese children divided into three oral hygiene groups were cultured under anaerobic conditions after homogenization and dilution, and inoculated onto brain heart infusion and selective mediumVeillonellaagar. Genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate.Veillonellaspecies were detected by one-step PCR usingrpoBspecies-specific primers. To analyse the phylogenetic properties of the unknownVeillonellastrains, PCR amplification and sequence analysis ofrpoBwere conducted for 10 representative strains.Results:AlthoughV. rogosaewas found as the predominant species among all groups, its prevalence was significantly lower in the children with poor oral hygiene than in those with good oral hygiene.V. parvulawas the prevalent species in the poor oral hygiene group. Approximately 10% of the isolatedVeillonellastrains were not classified to any established species; the phylogenetic analysis showed that they were most closely related toV.infantiumConclusions:This study demonstrates that the composition and proportion of oralVeillonellaspecies in the saliva of Japanese children is correlated with different oral hygiene status. Changes in detection ratios ofV. parvulaandV. rogosaecan be useful indicators of oral hygiene status. Furthermore, new strains closely related toV. infantiumwere isolated from the saliva of Japanese children.
Superstition, Conspicuous Spending, and Housing Market: Evidence from Singapore
Authors: He Jia , Liu Haoming , Sing Tien Foo , Song Changcheng , Wong Wei-Kang 
Published: July 2019

We study the effect of superstition and conspicuous spending motives on housing demand and price in Singapore. We find that buyers pay less for homes with unlucky addresses and more for homes with lucky addresses. There were fewer housing transactions on inauspicious days of the lunar calendar when people are advised to avoid making major economic decisions. This suggests that superstitious belief still affects economic activities. The demand for lucky addresses is also weaker on these inauspicious days, suggesting that superstitious belief indeed affects the demand for lucky addresses. Moreover, the price premium for a lucky address is significantly higher for apartments of larger size or on top floors. Because these two housing features can signal wealth and are highly visible, the larger price premium suggests that conspicuous spending motives also play a significant role in the Singapore housing market. We also find that informed buyers, even with less superstitious or conspicuous spending motives, might still pay price premiums for lucky addresses. In contrast, uninformed buyers are unlikely to pay a premium for these addresses.This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.
Distributionally Robust Selection of the Best
Authors: Fan Weiwei , Hong L. Jeff , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: July 2019

Specifying a proper input distribution is often a challenging task in simulation modeling. In practice, there may be multiple plausible distributions that can fit the input data reasonably well, especially when the data volume is not large. In this paper, we consider the problem of selecting the best from a finite set of simulated alternatives, in the presence of such input uncertainty. We model such uncertainty by an ambiguity set consisting of a finite number of plausible input distributions and aim to select the alternative with the best worst-case mean performance over the ambiguity set. We refer to this problem as robust selection of the best (RSB). To solve the RSB problem, we develop a two-stage selection procedure and a sequential selection procedure; we then prove that both procedures can achieve at least a user-specified probability of correct selection under mild conditions. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the computational efficiency of the two procedures. Finally, we apply the RSB approach to study a queueing system’s staffing problem using synthetic data and an appointment-scheduling problem using real data from a large hospital in China. We find that the RSB approach can generate decisions significantly better than other widely used approaches. This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, stochastic models and simulation.
Multimodularity in the Stochastic Appointment Scheduling Problem with Discrete Arrival Epochs
Authors: Zacharias Christos , Yunes Tallys 
Published: July 2019

We address the problem of designing appointment scheduling strategies in a stochastic environment accounting for patient no-shows, nonpunctuality, general stochastic service times, and unscheduled emergency walk-ins. A good appointment schedule seeks to help outpatient clinics to utilize their resources efficiently while containing patients’ waiting times. The task of identifying an optimal schedule is modeled as a nonlinear integer program, where the objective function is the outcome of stochastic analysis in transient state. We maintain the discrete nature of the appointment scheduling problem by considering arrival epochs with discrete supports. By looking at discrete-time snapshots of the random evolution of a single-server queueing model, we characterize probabilistically the system’s workload over time as a function of an appointment schedule, and we derive recursive expressions for the performance measures of interest. Subsequently, we unfold discrete convexity properties of the optimization problem. We prove that under general conditions the objective function is supermodular and componentwise convex. Under assumptions on patient punctuality, we prove that the optimal scheduling strategy minimizes a multimodular function, a property which guarantees that a locally optimal schedule is also globally optimal. The size of the local neighborhood, however, grows exponentially with the dimension of the problem. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to develop and implement an algorithm for minimizing locally a multimodular function over nonnegative integer vectors via submodular set-function minimization over ring families, a task that can be performed in polynomial time. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, operations management.
Combined Hepatocellular Cholangiocarcinoma: A Population-Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Ramai Daryl , Ofosu Andrew , Lai Jonathan K. , Reddy Madhavi , Adler Douglas G. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) is a rare form of primary liver cancer with features of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence, demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment, and survival of patients with CHC.

METHODS:
Data on CHC between 2004 and 2014 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry and analyzed.

RESULTS:
Five hundred twenty-nine patients with CHC were identified; 367 were male. Median age at diagnosis was 62.5 ± 12 years. The overall incidence of CHC between 2004 and 2014 was 0.05 per 100,000 per year. Incidence increased with age, with the highest incidence in men occurring between 60 and 64 years and 75–79 years for women. Women had a higher incidence of CHC compared to men (0.08 vs 0.03 per 100,000 per year). Most tumors were poorly differentiated (30.8%) while the most common stage at presentation was stage 4 (26.8%). 39.5% of these tumors were resected while 6.8% received radiation and 34% received chemotherapy. One- and 5-year cause-specific survival for CHC was 41.9% and 17.7%, respectively, with a median survival of 8 months. Worse outcomes were noted among patients with tumor stage 3 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44–2.87, P = 0.000), stage 4 (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.06–2.75, P = 0.027), those not treated with surgery (HR 4.94, 95% CI 3.64–6.68, P = 0.000), those who did not receive radiation (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.08–2.70, P = 0.021), those who did not receive chemotherapy (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.20–1.99, P = 0.001), and those with increasing tumor size on chemotherapy (HR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00–1.00, P = 0.013).

DISCUSSION:
CHC is the combined presentation of 2 malignancies. Incidence appears to be increasing and is associated with age and male gender. While surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are associated with improved outcomes, patients who did not undergo surgery are at highest risk for death.
Model Pembelajaran Tematik Berbasis Kearifan Lokal
Authors: Wafiqni Nafia , Nurani Siti 
Published: July 2019

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) Hakikat pembelajaran tematik; (2) Langkah-langkah pembelajaran tematik berbasis kearifan lokal; (3) Hakikat pendidikan kearifan lokal dalam lingkup pembelajaran tematik; (4) Tujuan dan pentingnya pendidikan kearifan lokal dalam lingkup pembelajaran tematik; serta (5) Pengajaran model tematik berbasis kearifan lokal. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian analisis konten/meta analisis yang dilaksanakan melalui lima tahap, yaitu: (1) Pengumpulan data; (2) Penentuan sampel; (3) Pencatatan data; (4) Reduksi; dan (5) Penarikan kesimpulan. Sumber data dalam artikel ini adalah jurnal dan buku yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran tematik dan pendidikan kearifan lokal. Selanjutnya, objek penelitian adalah proses adaptasi dan kaitannya dengan urgensi kearifan lokal dalam menjawab tantangan zaman. Kesimpulan artikel menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pembelajaran tematik menggunakan tema-tema sebagai objek pembelajarannya; (2) Langkah-langkah model pembelajaran tematik berbasis kearifan lokal diantaranya guru terlebih dahulu membuat RPP, kemudiaan mesisipkan kearifan lokal pada konten materi; (3) Kearifan lokal dalam lingkup model pembelajaran tematik adalah nilai kebaikan yang terkandung dalam kebudayaan sebagai upaya mempertahankan identitas diri anak: (4) Tujuan dan pentingnya pendidikan kearifan lokal dalam lingkup pembelajaran tematik diantaranya untuk mempersiapkan generasi muda yang tanggap akan keunggulan lokal daerahnya; (5) Pengajaran model tematik berbasis kearifan lokal ini akan menjadi koneksi dalam memahamkan anak untuk bertindak tepat dalam menghadapi tantangan global.
Only monospecific anti-DFS70 antibodies aid in the exclusion of antinuclear antibody associated rheumatic diseases: an Italian experience
Authors: Infantino Maria , Pregnolato Francesca , Bentow Chelsea , Mahler Michael , Benucci Maurizio , Li Gobbi Francesca , Damiani Arianna , Grossi Valentina , Franceschini Franco , Bodio Caterina , Borghi Maria Orietta , Manfredi Mariangela 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
The dense fine speckled (DFS) is one of the most common patterns that can be observed as a result of the anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) test on HEp-2 cells and is mostly caused by antibodies to DFS70 as the main antigenic target. As was recently demonstrated, isolated anti-DFS70 positivity can be used as an aid in the exclusion of ANA associated rheumatic diseases (AARD) due to the opportunity to better interpret unexplained positive IIF ANA results.

Methods
Our study included 333 subjects with AARD, 51 undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) patients, 235 disease controls and 149 healthy blood donors from an Italian cohort. All samples were tested for anti-DFS70 and anti-ENA antibodies using QUANTA Flash assays (Inova Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, USA).

Results
No differences in the prevalence of anti-DFS70 antibodies were seen among AARD, non-AARD and UCTD (2.1% [7/333] vs. 2.3% [9/384] vs. 5.9% [3/51], respectively; p-value = 0.188). AARD patients positive for anti-DFS70 antibodies showed in all cases an accompanying anti-ENA specificity. In contrast, monospecific anti-DFS70 antibodies showed a significantly different distribution with a clear trend across the main groups (AARD vs. non-AARD vs. UCTD: 0% [0/7] vs. 22% [2/9] vs. 100% [3/3], p = 0.007). Anti-DFS70 antibody levels among AARD, non-AARD and UCTD patients were not significantly different (p = 0.094). Within the anti-DFS70 antibody positive cases, AARD cohort showed a higher variability (median [min–max]: 3.2 [3.2–450.8] CU) compared to non-AARD (median [min–max]: 3.2 [3.2–75.7] CU) and UCTD patients (median [min–max]: 3.2 [3.2–59.0] CU).

Conclusions
Our preliminary data showed a similar frequency of anti-DFS70 antibodies in AARD, UCTD and non-AARD cohorts. Monospecificity of anti-DFS70 antibodies but not their mere presence is the key element in the diagnostic algorithm. Mono-specific anti-DFS70 antibodies might be a helpful biomarker to discriminate individuals with AARD from non-AARD presenting with a positive ANA.
The Cara Syria programme – combining teaching of English for Academic Purposes and academic and research skills development
Authors: Brewer Sarah , Whiteside Karin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Cara Syria Programme has been developed to support Syrian academics who have had abandon their academic positions due to the conflict in Syria and who have seen their careers compromised as a result. The Programme offers a means to re-establish their academic identities and develop new skills through participation in the learning activities and workshops provided on the Programme itself and through potential research collaborations with academics in universities in the UK. A key element is the training in English for Academic Purposes (EAP), which is delivered in weekly online lessons and intensive language workshops in Turkey. Both the online teaching and the workshops are staffed by volunteers working in language teaching and specifically in English for Academic Purposes. One of the core principles of this teaching is to pitch content in a way that is intellectually motivating and relevant in terms of the participants’ academic identities, but scaffolded to take into account language proficiency levels, which can be as low as CEFR A1. Over the last eighteen months the technology, administrative structures, and language materials suitable for learners at all levels between A1 and C1 have been developed, and the process mapped to ensure sustainability.
A multilingual refugee, a personal experience
Authors: Alhallak Ghaith 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The refugee is the person who has fled his or her country for reasons of war, racial discrimination, vengeance, sectarian massacres or other reasons. Many refugees have left everything behind them to reach a society that is completely different from their own, creating many challenges. Perhaps the most important of these challenges is to learn the language of the host country, which is the key that opens the door to integration in all its forms. Overcoming the challenges in language learning occurs not only through teaching institutions, but society also plays a major role. Thus, we can say that the process of teaching the language to newcomers is a combination of the efforts of the relevant educational institutions as well as those of social and cultural organizations and individuals. In this report, I review the process of teaching foreign languages to refugees and migrants, based on my personal experience as a refugee student and as a language teacher for foreigners, which I have been at the same time for more than three years. The article does not address educational methods as much as the steps that I believe should be taken into consideration in the process of trying to integrate refugees in their host community culturally and linguistically. These steps, which may often have more of an impact than the traditional teaching process, are not confined to the field of educational institutions, but go beyond them to reach social and cultural organizations.
Representing language education in Australian universities: An analysis of press reporting (2007–2016)
Authors: Mason Shannon , Hajek John 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Educational issues are a regular feature in mainstream media, and the ways in which particular issues are represented can influence public perceptions of the various discipline areas and, in turn, policy decisions that affect them. While the research literature includes media coverage analyses of a wide range of educational disciplines and sectors, missing is an understanding of the media representations of language education in the tertiary setting, despite languages being seen as a key pathway to generalised national multilingualism, social harmony, and economic prosperity. The authors address this gap using Australia as a case study, a country that has seen considerable policy and media attention to language education in general over many years. A content analysis of print newspaper coverage from 2007–2016 was conducted, revealing that the coverage of the discipline area at the tertiary level is extremely limited, is generally superficial in depth, narrow in scope, and negative in tone. This representation perpetuates the already precarious position of language education in Australian universities, and there is little support for a more positive and visible public agenda.
Learning about Language: Preparing pre-service subject teachers for multilingual classroom realities
Authors: Schroedler Tobias , Grommes Patrick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper presents and discusses experiences gained in a German teacher education innovation project on competence and skill development in dealing with multilingualism. New seminar structures were developed, which go hand in hand with a reorganisation of the entire teacher education structure in the University of Hamburg. The aim of these reform implementations is to equip all future subject teachers with relevant skills for dealing with multilingualism and the challenges that learners of German as a second language (GSL) experience. In order to achieve this, a compulsory course on the foundations of multilingualism and language sensitive subject teaching was developed and implemented in the M.Ed. programme (Teacher Degree). In this class students learn about societal multilingualism, basics of contrastive theoretical linguistics, language development, strategies and methods for language sensitive subject teaching as well as practical implementation guidance. Based on a theoretical overview outlining the local conditions with regard to multilingualism and the necessity of language sensitive teaching, the contents of the course are described including a critical reasoning on their substance and place in the course. For a better understanding of the competence development and the effectiveness of the newly introduced seminar(s), a thoroughly validated test instrument is employed in a pre-post design to observe the participants’ skill development. The results of this testing procedure show positive tendencies, yet it remains clear that more work needs to be done in the area.
Evaluation of a digital UDL-based learning environment in inclusive chemistry education
Authors: Baumann Thomas , Melle Insa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo comply with the United Nations’ (UN)Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilitiesteaching units have to be universally accessible to all students. The Universal Design for Learning (UDL) offers one possible way of creating an inclusive teaching unit that should be accessible to as many students as possible. New technologies and media are very suitable for providing flexible materials and are therefore of particular importance to the UDL. To investigate the effect of a digital multimedia learning environment on students with and without special educational needs (SEN) we developed a learning software according to the UDL for two 90 min courses for the lower secondary chemistry course. We examined the learning environment in inclusive German classrooms withn= 89 students at the age of 13–15, includingn= 16 SEN-students. For this, we used a chemistry performance test in form of a multiple-choice test in a pre-post-follow-up-design as well as a test for the attitude of the students towards the learning software. Additionally, we recorded the activities on the screens of selected learners. The chemistry performance concerning chemical reactions significantly increased through the intervention. Moreover, the students gave a positive feedback on the learning software. The results of the study suggest that the digital learning unit is suitable for learning about chemical reactions. The analysis of the videos shows that students with and without SEN use the functions of the software mostly adequate. In this paper first results are presented, further analysis will follow.