bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome in Relation to Drinking Goals in Alcohol-Dependent Individuals: A Follow-up Study 2.5 and 5 Years After Treatment Entry
Authors: Berglund Kristina J , Rauwolf Kerstin K , Berggren Ulf , Balldin Jan , Fahlke Claudia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the long-term treatment outcome (up to 5 years) with respect to different drinking goals of patients.MethodsAlcohol-dependent individuals (n = 349) were recruited from three alcohol treatment units. They were interviewed using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). They were sub-grouped according to their goal at treatment entry: abstinence, low- risk drinking and no decided goal.ResultsPatients with abstinence as a goal at treatment entry reported at 2.5 years follow-up a higher abstinence rate, a more pronounced reduction in alcohol consumption, reduction in total number of DSM-IV criteria, higher frequency of low-risk drinking and fewer diagnoses of alcohol dependence compared to the groups who had low risk drinking as a goal or no decided goal. This improvement remained basically unchanged in all three groups at 5 years follow-up, suggesting long-term stability after the treatment interventionsConclusionsThe findings suggest that: (1) alcohol-dependent patients who have abstinence as their own drinking goal have a more favorable treatment outcome than those who have low-risk drinking as a goal or no decided goal. (2) Abstinence as a drinking goal should be considered for those who have a longer duration (for example more than 10 years) of their alcohol-related problems. (3) Patients who have no decided goal should be recommended abstinence as a drinking goal.
FuncTree2: an interactive radial tree for functional hierarchies and omics data visualization
Authors: Darzi Youssef , Yamate Yuta , Yamada Takuji 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Summary
Functional annotations and their hierarchical classification are widely used in omics workflows to build novel insight upon existing biological knowledge. Currently, a plethora of tools is available to explore omics datasets at the level of functional annotations, but there is a lack of feature rich and user-friendly tools that help scientists take advantage of their hierarchical classification for additional and often invaluable insights. Here, we present FuncTree2, a user-friendly web application that turns hierarchical classifications into interactive and highly customizable radial trees, and enables researchers to visualize their data simultaneously on all its levels. FuncTree2 features mapping of data from multiple samples and several navigation features like zooming, panning, re-rooting and collapsing of nodes or levels.

Availability and implementation
FuncTree2 is freely available at https://bioviz.tokyo/functree2/ as a web application and a REST API. Source code is available on GitHub https://github.com/yamada-lab/functree-ng.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cooperation With the Police Against Corruption: Exploring the Roles of Legitimacy, Deterrence and Collective Action Theories
Authors: Tankebe Justice 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn explaining public willingness to cooperate with the police, researchers have disproportionally emphasized legitimacy. Deterrence is presumed to be irrelevant; where it is considered, the approach appears perfunctory. Using survey data from 530 young adults in Ghana, this study examines the relative importance of deterrence and legitimacy perceptions in shaping willingness to report corruption transactions to the police. The results showed that perceptions of legitimacy did not affect the young adults’ willingness to report corruption to the police. The most important and consistent predictors of willingness to report corruption to the police were deterrence-based perceptions, specifically, of the certainty of being apprehended for engaging in corrupt transactions, of the severity of sanctions against such transactions and of the perceived cooperative intentions of other citizens. Deterrence proved particularly salient among those who claimed ignorance of where to report corrupt transactions.
Phospho-valproic acid (MDC-1112) suppresses glioblastoma growth in preclinical models through the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation
Authors: Luo Dingyuan , Fraga-Lauhirat Magdalena , Millings Jonathan , Ho Cristella , Villarreal Emily M , Fletchinger Teresa C , Bonfiglio James V , Mata Leyda , Nemesure Matthew D , Bartels Lauren E , Wang Ruixue , Rigas Basil , Mackenzie Gerardo G 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
New therapeutic strategies against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are urgently needed. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), constitutively active in many GBM tumors, plays a major role in GBM tumor growth and represents a potential therapeutic target. We have documented previously that phospho-valproic acid (MDC-1112), which inhibits STAT3 activation, possesses strong anticancer properties in multiple cancer types. In this study, we explored the anticancer efficacy of MDC-1112 in preclinical models of GBM, and evaluated its mode of action. MDC-1112 inhibited the growth of multiple human GBM cell lines in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Normal human astrocytes were resistant to MDC-1112, indicating selectivity. In vivo, MDC-1112 reduced the growth of subcutaneous GBM xenografts in mice by up to 78.2% (P &lt; 0.01), compared with the controls. Moreover, MDC-1112 extended survival in an intracranial xenograft model. Although all vehicle-treated mice died by 19 days of treatment, 7 of 11 MDC-1112-treated mice were alive and healthy by the end of 5 weeks, with many showing tumor regression. Mechanistically, MDC-1112 inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation at the serine 727 residue, but not at tyrosine 705, in vitro and in vivo. STAT3 overexpression rescued GBM cells from the cell growth inhibition by MDC-1112. In addition, MDC-1112 reduced STAT3 levels in the mitochondria and enhanced mitochondrial levels of reactive oxygen species, which triggered apoptosis. In conclusion, MDC-1112 displays strong efficacy in preclinical models of GBM, with the serine 727 residue of STAT3 being its key molecular target. MDC-1112 merits further evaluation as a drug candidate for GBM.
New therapeutic options are needed for glioblastoma. The novel agent MDC-1112 is an effective anticancer agent in multiple animal models of glioblastoma, and its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation, primarily at its Serine 727 residue.
Circulating obesity-driven biomarkers are associated with risk of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a two-stage, case-control study
Authors: Wang Qinchuan , Tu Huakang , Zhu Meiling , Liang Dong , Ye Yuanqing , Chang David W , Long Yin , Wu Xifeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObesity is one of modifiable risk factors for clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC). We aim to identify the association between obesity-driven biomarkers and ccRCC risk. This is a retrospective, two-phase, case-control study involving 682 cases and 733 controls. Obesity-driven biomarkers [gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), C-peptide, insulin, resistin, adipsin, peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, lipocalin2, leptin, adiponectin] were measured using the Milliplex method. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the associations between biomarkers and ccRCC risk. Results revealed that GIP, C-peptide, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were consistently distinct between cases and controls. These markers were significantly associated with ccRCC risk in both phases (except C-peptide). In the combined population, compared with individuals with low levels of the biomarkers, individuals with high level of GIP [odds ratio (OR) = 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40–0.67] had lower risk, whereas individuals with high levels of C-peptide (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.15–1.87), IL-6 (OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.50–3.22), TNF-α (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.49–2.43) had significantly higher risk. Stratified analysis showed consistent associations with ccRCC risk in most subgroups (P < 0.05). The risk score based on the IL-6, TNF-α and GIP was positively associated with ccRCC risk in a dose-response manner (P for trend = 2.18E-13). Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas indicate that insulin signaling, IL-6 signaling and TNF-α signaling were enhanced in tumors. Collectively, our study demonstrates the integrative effect of insulin resistance and inflammation in ccRCC development, which may elucidate the basis of association between obesity and carcinogenesis. Further confirmation in prospective cohort studies are warranted for clinical applications in prevention and precision medicine of ccRCC.
Financial markets and the working class in the USA: an empirical investigation of financial stress
Authors: McCormack Michael J 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between financial stress and the working class in the USA. Employing a financial stress index created from the Survey of Consumer Finances, I show that working class households are nearly twice as likely to be financially stressed than wealthier non-working class households from 1992 to 2016. A possible explanation of this result could be that the financial expropriation of personal income among the working class has the effect of increasing that group’s financial stress relative to wealthier classes. Working class households in the USA have struggled to afford means of subsistence in lieu of lacklustre wage growth and a tattered safety net. Financial expropriation of these households has operated in tandem with this precarity, increasing financial stress in a time of financialised capitalism.
Hard water syndrome: a case series of 30 patients from a London haemodialysis unit
Authors: Leonard Hugh , Pile Taryn 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Severe and life-threatening hypercalcaemia can develop in haemodialysis patients dialysed against a dialysate with a high calcium concentration, the so-called hard water syndrome. Here we describe the development of hard water syndrome in 30 patients following sequential failure of the reverse osmosis unit and water softeners. Serum calcium levels rose from 2.43 ± 0.19 to 3.92 ± 0.51 mmol/L after exposure. All patients required emergency haemodialysis and four acutely deteriorated, one of whom was 24 weeks pregnant. This is the largest reported series of patients affected by this rare and severe condition. This event led to the introduction of processes to minimize future risks.
Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis results in fewer procedures than hemodialysis
Authors: Wang Delin , Calabro-Kailukaitis Nathan , Mowafy Mahmoud , Kerns Eric S , Suvarnasuddhi Khetisuda , Licht Jonah , Ahn Sun H , Hu Susie L 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeritoneal dialysis (PD) is an underutilized modality for hospitalized patients with an urgent need to start renal replacement therapy in the USA. Most patients begin hemodialysis (HD) with a tunneled central venous catheter (CVC).MethodsWe examined the long-term burden of dialysis modality-related access procedures with urgent-start PD and urgent-start HD in a retrospective cohort of 73 adults. The number of access-related (mechanical and infection-related) procedures for each modality was compared in the first 30 days and cumulatively through the duration of follow-up.ResultsFifty patients underwent CVC placement for HD and 23 patients underwent PD catheter placement for urgent-start dialysis. Patients were followed on average &gt;1 year. The PD group was significantly younger, with less diabetes, with a higher pre-dialysis serum creatinine and more likely to have a planned dialysis access. The mean number of access-related procedures per patient in the two groups was not different at 30 days; however, when compared over the duration of follow-up, the number of access-related procedures was significantly higher in the HD group compared with the PD group (4.6 ± 3.9 versus 0.61 ± 0.84, P &lt; 0.0001). This difference persisted when standardized to procedures per patient-month (0.37 ± 0.57 versus 0.081 ± 0.18, P = 0.019). Infection-related procedures were similar between groups. Findings were the same even after case-matching was performed for age and diabetes mellitus with 18 patients in each group.ConclusionsUrgent-start PD results in fewer invasive access procedures compared with urgent-start HD long term, and should be considered for urgent-start dialysis.
Combining Watermarking and Hyper-Chaotic Map to Enhance the Security of Stored Biometric Templates
Authors: Abdul Wadood , Nafea Ohoud , Ghouzali Sanaa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere are a number of issues related to the development of biometric authentication systems, such as privacy breach, consequential security and biometric template storage. Thus, the current paper aims to address these issues through the hybrid approach of watermarking with biometric encryption. A multimodal biometric template protection approach with fusion at score level using fingerprint and face templates is proposed. The proposed approach includes two basic stages, enrollment stage and verification stage. During the enrollment stage, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is applied on the face images to embed the fingerprint features into different directional sub-bands. Watermark embedding and extraction are done by quantizing the mean values of the wavelet coefficients. Subsequently, the inverse DWT is applied to obtain the watermarked image. Following this, a unique token is assigned for each genuine user and a hyper-chaotic map is used to produce a key stream in order to encrypt a watermarked image using block-cipher. The experimentation results indicate the efficiency of the proposed approach in term of achieving a reasonable error rate of 3.87%.
Free margin length and geometric height in aortic root dilatation and leaflet prolapse: implications for aortic valve repair surgery
Authors: Tamer Saadallah , Mastrobuoni Stefano , van Dyck Michel , Navarra Emiliano , Bollen Xavier , Poncelet Alain , Noirhomme Philippe , Astarci Parla , El Khoury Gebrine , de Kerchove Laurent 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to assess the aortic leaflet free margin length (FML) and geometric height (gH) in a normal aortic valve (AV), aorta dilatation and aortic leaflet prolapse.

METHODS
We measured the FML and gH intraoperatively in 132 patients operated on for aortic insufficiency, aortic dilatation, endocarditis or fibroelastoma. Patients were divided into 3 groups: normal tricuspid AV (group 1, n = 12), aortic dilatation (group 2, tricuspid = 43, bicuspid = 18) and leaflet prolapse (group 3, tricuspid = 32, bicuspid = 27). The FML and gH were compared between the groups and between the leaflets within each group.

RESULTS
In a normal tricuspid AV, the mean FML and gH were 34.7 ± 3.1 mm and 18.8 ± 1.7 mm, respectively. In group 2 tricuspid, the FML and gH were greater than those in group 1 (FML 43.7 ± 4.4, P &lt; 0.001; gH 21.2 ± 1.8, P = 0.003). In group 3, tricuspid, the FML of the prolapsing leaflet was greater than the FML of the non-prolapsing leaflet (48.3 ± 5.4 vs 42.2 ± 3.6; P &lt; 0.001). In group 2, bicuspid, FML of both leaflets were similar in group 2, but augmented on the fused leaflet compared to the non-fused leaflet in group 3 (fused 55.4 ± 6.3; non-fused 46.2 ± 6.2; P &lt; 0.001). In groups 2 and 3 bicuspid, the gH of the non-fused leaflet was systematically greater than the fused leaflet (group 2 non-fused 24.6 ± 2.5 vs fused 20.4 ± 2.1; P &lt; 0.001)

CONCLUSIONS
In aortic dilatation and leaflet prolapse, FML and, to a lesser extent, gH increased significantly compared to those of normal AV function. FML and gH dimensions also depended on the valve configuration (tricuspid/bicuspid). These data provide new insight into the pathomorphology of AV disease and will serve to further develop new methods of AV repair based on intraoperative measurements of the FML.
High prevalence of early arch reobstruction after arch repair in patients with anomalous right subclavian artery
Authors: Ravintharan Nandhini , d’Udekem Yves , Henry Matthew , Brink Johann , Konstantinov Igor E , Brizard Christian P , Lee Melissa G Y 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Having an anomalous right subclavian artery has been quoted to be a risk factor for early and late adverse events. We wanted to determine the rate of adverse outcomes in patients who have undergone arch repair with an associated anomalous right subclavian artery.

METHODS
The follow-up of 76 patients, with an anomalous right subclavian artery, who underwent arch repair at a single institution for various indications between 1981 and 2017 was reviewed.

RESULTS
There were 12 patient deaths. Twenty-three patients required an aortic arch reintervention (17 surgeries, 2 of which were indicated for bronchial obstruction). At last follow-up, 8 of 54 surviving patients (15%) had arch reobstruction (peak gradient &gt;25 mmHg or reintervention). Freedom from aortic arch obstruction at 10 and 15 years was 51% [95% confidence interval (CI) 36–65%] and 35% (95% CI 19–51%), respectively. Neither the complete resection of the adjacent ridge nor the detachment and reimplantation of the anomalous subclavian vessel seemed to have an impact on the rate of reobstruction [hazard ratio (HR) 1.6, 95% CI 0.77–3.5; P = 0.2 and HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.083–4.5; P = 0.6, respectively].

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with an anomalous right subclavian artery are at risk of arch reobstruction necessitating reintervention but long-term follow-up was unable to demonstrate the mechanism of this obstruction in patients with this anomaly.
Time of maxillary molar distalization with non-compliance intraoral distalizing appliances: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bellini-Pereira Silvio Augusto , Pupulim Daniela Cubas , Aliaga-Del Castillo Aron , Henriques José Fernando Castanha , Janson Guilherme 
Published: April 2019

Summary

Background/Objective
To assess the mean maxillary molar distalization time with non-compliance intraoral distalizing appliances.

Search methods and selection criteria
Database search included PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Lilacs, and a partial grey literature through Google Scholar and OpenGrey. The search was performed until May 2017 and updated on February 2019, without limitations regarding publication year or language. Controlled clinical trials (randomized and non-randomized prospective studies) reporting duration of maxillary molar distalization of Class II patients treated with intraoral distalizers were included.

Data collection and analysis
For the trials’ quality assessment, the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Cochrane Collaboration’s ROBINS-I tool were used for the randomized controlled trials and non-randomized prospective studies, respectively. Database research, risk of bias (RoB) assessment, and extraction of data were performed by two independent investigators, with inclusion of a third reviewer, if disagreements emerged. Data was combined through a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses regarding side of force application, type of anchorage, amount of molar distalization, and sensitivity analysis comparing study designs were also performed. Quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE and SORT approaches.

Results
Nine studies were included in the qualitative analysis; however, a meta-analysis was performed with only four studies, due to the presence of high RoB in the other studies. The random-effects meta-analysis assumes that the mean distalization time with distalizers is 8.34 months (95% confidence interval: 6.10, 10.58). Another meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between distalization time and the type of anchorage (conventional or skeletal), resulting in no significant difference. Both meta-analyses presented low-quality evidence.

Limitations
The major limitation of this meta-analysis is the fact that distalization time can be affected by a great range of factors.

Conclusions and implications
Correction of a half-to-full cusp Class II molar relationship with intraoral distalizers can be achieved in 8.34 months, and this distalization time may not be affected by the kind of anchorage used.

Registration
The protocol for this systematic review was based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.1.0 and was registered at PROSPERO database (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017068737). This systematic review is reported according to the PRISMA statement.
The impact of social prescribing services on service users: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Pescheny Julia V , Randhawa Gurch , Pappas Yannis 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Social prescribing initiatives are widely implemented in the UK National Health Service to integrate health and social care. Social prescribing is a service in primary care that links patients with non-medical needs to sources of support provided by the community and voluntary sector to help improve their health and wellbeing. Such programmes usually include navigators, who work with referred patients and issue onward referrals to sources of non-medical support. This systematic review aimed to assess the evidence of service user outcomes of social prescribing programmes based on primary care and involving navigators.

Methods
We searched 11 databases, the grey literature, and the reference lists of relevant studies to identify the available evidence on the impact of social prescribing on service users. Searches were limited to literature written in English. No date restrictions were applied, and searches were conducted to June 2018. Findings were synthesized narratively, employing thematic analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool Version 2011 was used to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies.

Results
Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The evidence base is mixed, some studies found improvements in health and wellbeing, health-related behaviours, self-concepts, feelings, social contacts and day-to-day functioning post-social prescribing, whereas others have not. The review also shows that the evaluation methodologies utilized were variable in quality.

Conclusion
In order to assess the success of social prescribing services, more high quality and comparable evaluations need to be conducted in the future.
International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews number: CRD42017079664
Henipavirus infection of the central nervous system
Authors: Dawes Brian E , Freiberg Alexander N 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTNipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus are highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses of the genus Henipavirus, family Paramyxoviridae. These viruses were first identified as the causative agents of severe respiratory and encephalitic disease in the 1990s across Australia and Southern Asia with mortality rates reaching up to 75%. While outbreaks of Nipah and Hendra virus infections remain rare and sporadic, there is concern that NiV has pandemic potential. Despite increased attention, little is understood about the neuropathogenesis of henipavirus infection. Neuropathogenesis appears to arise from dual mechanisms of vascular disease and direct parenchymal brain infection, but the relative contributions remain unknown while respiratory disease arises from vasculitis and respiratory epithelial cell infection. This review will address NiV basic clinical disease, pathology and pathogenesis with a particular focus on central nervous system (CNS) infection and address the necessity of a model of relapsed CNS infection. Additionally, the innate immune responses to NiV infection in vitro and in the CNS are reviewed as it is likely linked to any persistent CNS infection.