bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘It's an important part, but I am not quite sure that it is working’: educators’ perspectives on the implementation of goal‐setting within the ‘DAFNE’ diabetes structured education programme
Authors: Fredrix M. , Byrne M. , Dinneen S. , McSharry J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo explore educators’ perspectives on the implementation of goal‐setting and action‐planning strategies within a structured diabetes self‐management education programme.MethodsTen semi‐structured interviews were conducted with diabetes self‐management education providers delivering the ‘Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating’ (DAFNE) programme to people with Type 1 diabetes throughout Ireland. A pre‐designed topic guide, focused on exploring educators’ experiences of delivery and application and views on usefulness of goal‐setting strategies, was used in all interviews. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFive main themes were identified: ‘people need a plan’, discussing perspectives on goal‐setting's value; ‘the power of the group’, highlighting the impact a group format has on goal‐setting practices; ‘diversity and individuality’, discussing differences in DAFNE participants’ and educators’ engagement with goal‐setting; ‘goal‐setting's fit’, exploring perspectives on how well goal‐setting fits within diabetes self‐management education and follow‐up care; and ‘feelings of inadequate psychological knowledge’, addressing challenges experienced in the delivery of goal‐setting components.ConclusionWhile educators saw benefits in the implementation of goal‐setting and planning strategies within diabetes self‐management education, concerns about how well goal‐setting currently fits within diabetes self‐management education and follow‐up care were evident. Additionally, many educators experienced the delivery of goal‐setting and action‐planning strategies as challenging and would value additional training opportunities.
Antidepressant effects of direct‐acting antivirals against hepatitis C virus—Results from a pilot study
Authors: Hahn Daphne , Stokes Caroline S. , Kaiser Ralf , Meyer Markus R. , Lammert Frank , Gruenhage Frank 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsThe new direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAA) have revolutionized the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study investigates to which extent DAA affect fatigue and mood and, if so, whether this results from changes to tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, as reflected by two critical biosynthetic pathways, serotonin (SRT) generation from TRP and TRP degradation through kynurenines (KYN) via indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO).MethodsThis study assessed 24 patients with chronic HCV infection, before (T1), during (T2: at 4 weeks) and 12 weeks post‐treatment with DAA (T3) with respect to viral load, fatigue and depressive symptoms (BDI‐II questionnaire), physical activity (actigraph) and plasma serotonin‐tryptophan metabolites (LC/MS). The KYN:TRP ratio reflected IDO activity.ResultsAll participants achieved sustained virological response (SVR12) with DAA treatment (79% sofosbuvir‐based). Fatigue (scores at T1:0.83 ± 0.70, T2:0.48 ± 0.70, T3:0.30 ± 0.50; P = 0.023) and depressive symptoms (scores at T1:9.8 ± 10.2, T2:6.0 ± 7.3, T3:5.0 ± 7.6; P = 0.005) improved significantly on therapy, whereas no changes were noted in five untreated controls. TRP plasma concentrations markedly decreased (T1:306 ± 179 mg/L, T2:283 ± 84 mg/L), whereas 5‐HTP levels increased (T1:0.08 ± 0.01 mg/L, T2:0.10 ± 0.06 mg/L). KYN concentrations (T1:2.4 ± 2.0 mg/L, T2:3.7 ± 1.4 mg/L, P = 0.003) increased significantly during treatment, as did IDO activity (T1:0.008 ± 0.006 mg/L, T2:0.014 ± 0.004 mg/L; P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn this study, DAA exert positive and persistent effects on both fatigue and mood in patients with chronic HCV infection. These extrahepatic benefits are, at least in part, related to the modulation of TRP metabolism. The robust elevation of KYN concentrations challenges the current paradigm of low KYN levels as prerequisite for mental health.
Analysis of key genes and signaling pathways involved in Helicobacter pylori‐associated gastric cancer based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database and RNA sequencing data
Authors: Hu Yi , He Cong , Liu Jian‐Ping , Li Nian‐Shuang , Peng Chao , Yang‐Ou Yao‐Bin , Yang Xiao‐Yu , Lu Nong‐Hua , Zhu Yin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with the development of gastric cancer, although the mechanism is unclear. Herein, this study aimed to clarify the key genes and signaling pathways involved in H. pylori pathogenesis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and RNA sequencing analysis.Materials and MethodsForty‐nine gastric cancer samples (16 with H. pylori and 33 without H. pylori) and 35 cancer‐adjacent normal samples from TCGA database were analyzed by bioinformatics. The differentially expressed genes between H. pylori‐positive and H. pylori‐negative patients were verified in 18 gastric cancer (GC) samples (9 with H. pylori and 9 without H. pylori), which were analyzed using RNA sequencing. Survival analysis was carried out to explore associations between the differentially expressed genes and prognosis. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine the signaling pathways associated with H. pylori.ResultsThe baseline level of clinical features from TCGA database and RNA sequencing showed no differences between the H. pylori‐positive and H. pylori‐negative GC groups (P > 0.05). TP53 was shown to be upregulated in the H. pylori‐positive group in both TCGA database and RNA sequencing data, which also showed higher expression in the GC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05). CCDC151, CHRNB2, GMPR2, HDGFRP2, and VSTM2L were shown to be downregulated in the H. pylori‐positive group by both TCGA database and RNA sequencing, which also showed lower expression in the GC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05). GC patients with low expression levels of HDGFRP2 had a poor prognosis (P < 0.05). Thirty‐three signaling pathways and 10 biological processes were found to be positively associated with H. pylori infection (P < 0.05, FDR < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results indicate that some genes (TP53, CCDC151, CHRNB2, GMPR2, HDGFRP2, VSTM2L) and previously unidentified signaling pathways (eg, the Hippo signaling pathway) might play an important role in H. pylori‐associated GC.
Rufous‐capped Warblers Basileuterus rufifrons show seasonal, temporal and annual variation in song use
Authors: Demko Alana D. , Mennill Daniel J. 
Published: September 2018

In the majority of songbird species, males have repertoires of multiple song types used for mate attraction and territory defence. The wood‐warblers (family Parulidae) are a diverse family of songbirds in which males of many migratory species use different song types or patterns of song delivery (known as ‘singing modes’) depending on context. The vocal behaviour of most tropical resident warblers remains undescribed, although these species differ ecologically and behaviourally from migratory species, and may therefore differ in their vocal behaviour. We test whether male Rufous‐capped Warblers Basileuterus rufifrons use distinct singing modes by examining song structure and context‐dependent variation in their songs. We recorded multiple song bouts from 50 male Warblers in a Costa Rican population over 3 years to describe seasonal, diel and annual variation in song structure and vocal behaviour. We found that Rufous‐capped Warbler songs are complex, with many syllable types shared both within and between males’ repertoires. Males varied their song output depending on context: they sang long songs at a high rate at dawn and during the breeding season, and shortened songs in the presence of a vocalizing female mate. Unlike many migratory species, Rufous‐capped Warblers do not appear to have different singing modes; they did not change the song variants used or the pattern of song delivery according to time of day, season or female vocal activity. Our research provides the first detailed vocal analysis of any Basileuterus warbler species, and enhances our understanding of the evolution of repertoire specialization in tropical resident songbirds.
A histomorphometric classification system for normal and inflamed mouse duodenum—Quali‐quantitative approach
Authors: Pereira e Silva Airton , Soares João R. A. , Mattos Erika Bertozzi de Aquino , Josetti Claudia , Guimarães Isabelle M. , Campos Sylvia M. N. , Teixeira Gerlinde A. P. B. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryGut‐associated intestinal lymphoid tissue, the largest secondary lymphoid organ in the human body, constantly samples antigens from the gut lumen, presenting as a default response the activation of TCD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells that secrete a profile of anti‐inflammatory cytokines maintaining gut homeostasis denominated from an immunological perspective as mucosal tolerance. However, when antigens are sampled in an inflammatory setting, the immune response may either be protective, in the case of harmful pathogens, or cause further inflammatory reactions as in food allergy, inflammatory bowel diseases, coeliac disease or food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome. Therefore, there is a need for accurate and consistent experimental models. However, a drawback in comparing these models is the lack of a classification system similar to that which is already used for humans. Thus, the aim of this work was to propose a classification system of the small intestinal histomorphology in experimental mice. To do this we used a mouse antigen‐specific gut inflammation model developed by our research group. Duodenum sections stained with haematoxylin‐eosin and Alcian blue were scanned using the APERIO scanning system and analysed with the ImageScope® software. The evaluated parameters were villus area, villus height and width, enterocyte count, mononuclear intra‐epithelial leucocyte and goblet cell counts, and architectural and cellular ratios. Food‐sensitized animals challenged with a diet containing the corresponding food allergen presented, as for humans, time‐dependent shortened and widened villi accompanied by leucocyte infiltrate and loss of goblet cells. With these data, we were able to establish a classification system for experimental intestinal inflammation in mice thus permitting better comparisons among and between experiments than has been possible previously.
Effects of financial education on sound personal finance in Korea: Conceptualization of mediation effects of financial literacy across income classes
Authors: Son Jiyeon , Park Jooyung 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study analyzed the role of financial literacy as a mediator between financial education and sound personal finance to assess how financial education affects the soundness of personal finance. In particular, this study conducted three sets of mediation analyses using data from the 2014 Consumer Empowerment Index survey of the Korea Consumer Agency to verify whether the mediating relationship is valid across different income classes of the Korean population. The results suggest that financial literacy works as a mediator between financial education and sound personal finance in the high‐income class and the middle‐income classes. Therefore, policymakers should consider the limitations of financial education and financial literacy when addressing low‐income consumers.
The physical health of young people experiencing first‐episode psychosis: Mental health consumers’ experiences
Authors: Chee Gin‐Liang , Wynaden Dianne , Heslop Karen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractYoung people experiencing first‐episode psychosis taking antipsychotic medications often develop comorbidities such as obesity and cardiometabolic abnormalities at an earlier age than young people in the general population. Therefore, it is important to explore the healthcare needs and experiences of this group of consumers. This paper reports research conducted to obtain an informed understanding of young people's health literacy, physical healthcare needs, and interest and knowledge about their physical health. Grounded theory methodology was used to guide the research. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 24 young consumers aged between 18 and 35 years who were case managed by one metropolitan community mental health service. The results describe the journey of young people from the time of diagnosis, to when they developed an awareness of the need to improve their physical health and the impact of physical health issues on their overall health and well‐being. Six categories emerged from the data: (i) initial responses when diagnosed with first‐episode psychosis; (ii) focus of care on treating first‐episode psychosis; (iii) lack of education on antipsychotic medications; (iv) adverse effects from taking antipsychotic medication; (v) increased awareness of the need for good physical health; and 6) importance of social support in the community. The findings highlight the importance for health professionals improving young people's health literacy and addressing physical health and well‐being as part of first‐episode psychosis programmes. Young people require improved health education on the importance of maintaining healthy lifestyle in relation to their overall health and well‐being.
The challenges of prenatal care for Bangladeshi women: a qualitative study
Authors: Akter M.K. , Yimyam S. , Chareonsanti J. , Tiansawad S. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundMaternal and infant morbidity and mortality are major issues in developing countries, but the literature reveals there are limited studies on the sociocultural issues affecting adequate prenatal care in Bangladesh.AimTo explore the sociocultural influences underlying perceived barriers to prenatal care among pregnant women in an urban area of Bangladesh.MethodsA descriptive qualitative research was conducted with 20 women and 20 of their significant others in three purposively sampled hospitals using individual in‐depth interview between November 2016 and March 2017. Content analysis was used for analysis.FindingsSix themes emerged as follows: women's lack of opportunity to make decision; pregnancy as a normal life event; insufficient money for prenatal care; heavy family workload without family support; no permission to go to hospital without a guardian; and inconvenient transportation.DiscussionGood prenatal care is vital for maternal and infant health, but our participants were challenged by a number of key issues as follows: they lacked empowerment to make their own pregnancy decisions, they were impoverished financially, struggled to get to their prenatal appointments by local transport and they lacked family understanding and support for necessary prenatal care.Conclusion and policy implicationsBased on the findings, it is recommended that promoting prenatal care adequacy among pregnant women in Bangladesh needs socioculturally sensitive health education programmes which target are not only pregnant women, but also their significant others who are authorized persons in the family. It should be established remote PNC services. Empowerment of women is vital in the country and free antenatal education programmes are needed through a variety of media. Findings provide information for nursing and health policymakers to develop policies to improve adequacy of prenatal care among pregnant women.
Family Health Strategy associated with increased dental visitation among preschool children in Brazil
Authors: Feldens Carlos Alberto , Fortuna Mixianni Justo , Kramer Paulo Floriani , Ardenghi Thiago Machado , Vítolo Márcia Regina , Chaffee Benjamin W. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundEarly‐life dental service utilization could improve child dental health.AimIdentify contextual, socioeconomic, and child characteristics associated with dental visitation by age 3 years.DesignWithin a Brazilian birth cohort (N = 435), multivariable regression models were fitted to identify independent predictors of having made a dental visit at age 3 years. Contextual variables considered included health center type (Traditional vs. Family Health Strategy, which perform home visits) and composition of oral health teams at the heath center where mothers accessed prenatal care.ResultsDental visitation was positively associated with Family Health Strategy health centers (36% vs. 23%) and with higher maternal education and family social class. Visitation was lowest among families served by a health center without a dentist, but number of dentists and oral health team composition were not associated with visitation among facilities with ≥1 dentists. Dental visitation was not statistically significantly associated with caries experience but was higher if parents reported worse oral health‐related quality of life. The vast majority of dental decay remained untreated.ConclusionsDental visits were underutilized, and socioeconomic inequalities were evident. Dental visitation was more common when mothers received prenatal care at Family Health Strategy health centers, suggesting a possible oral health benefit.
Maximising lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) production with fixed‐length recovery intervals after defoliation in mild winter environments
Authors: Clark Stephen Gary , Mitchell Meredith L. , Nie Zhongnan , Burnett Vivienne F. , Butler Kym L. , Zollinger Reto P. , Seymour Greg R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is an important temperate legume for livestock production systems. Lucerne requires a recovery period after a defoliation event so that taproot energy and nutrient stores can be replenished. A field experiment examined the effects of recovery period management following defoliation, on lucerne herbage production and nutritive value at two contrasting sites in Victoria, Australia. Sites were established at Rutherglen and Hamilton, using established SARDI Seven lucerne stands. Treatments were short recovery (SR; plots cut at 21‐day intervals), long recovery (LR; plots cut at 42‐day intervals), new shoots (NS; plots cut when new shoots from the crown were at least 2 cm long) and new shoots + flowering (NSF; as for NS but plots were left to grow to reach late flowering from late summer to mid‐autumn). At each defoliation, measurements were made of phenology, dry matter production and herbage nutrient concentrations (neutral detergent fibre, crude protein, metabolisable energy and water‐soluble carbohydrate %). Persistence was measured at approximately 6‐month intervals. At both sites, lucerne persisted equally well in all treatments although SR showed some decline at Hamilton at the final measurement. LR led to a more productive pasture (in terms of cumulative dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, crude protein, metabolisable energy and water‐soluble carbohydrate %) than the three other treatments. The results indicate that phenological management systems that allow lucerne to replenish reserves through late summer and autumn are unnecessary in mild winter environments.
Effectiveness and safety of cold versus hot snare polypectomy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Qu Junyan , Jian Haixu , Li Lixiang , Zhang Yan , Feng Bingcheng , Li Zhen , Zuo Xiuli 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and AimRemoval of neoplastic polyps is important for colorectal cancer prevention. The primary aim was to compare the complete resection rate of diminutive (≤ 5 mm) or small colorectal polyps (6–10 mm) using cold snare polypectomy (CSP) versus hot snare polypectomy (HSP).MethodsTo April 2018, databases of Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing CSP and HSP for diminutive or small colorectal polypectomy. Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. We used the Mantel–Haenszel method for binary endpoints and inverse variance method for continuous outcomes. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity.ResultsTwelve trials involving 2481 patients and 4535 polyps were analyzed. Regarding complete resection rate, there was no statistical significance between CSP and HSP (odds ratio [OR] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–1.24). CSP shows more immediate bleeding cases than HSP in per‐lesion analysis while no statistical significance in bleeding needing treatment (OR 1.99, 95% CI 0.59–6.75). In terms of all adverse events, both per‐lesion and per‐patient analysis revealed no difference (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.87–2.56 and 0.57, 0.11–2.97, respectively). As far as post‐polypectomy bleeding is concerned, there was also no statistical significance between CSP and HSP. Regarding procedure time, CSP was superior to HSP (standard mean difference −1.04, 95% CI −1.22 to −0.87).ConclusionsCold snare polypectomy is a safe, efficient, and effective polypectomy technique for diminutive or small colorectal polyps.
Burden of hepatitis C virus infection in India: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Goel Amit , Seguy Nicole , Aggarwal Rakesh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and AimBurden of hepatitis C in India is not known. We therefore conducted a systematic review of the available data on anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence in the Indian population.MethodsWe searched several publication databases for English language papers that reported data on anti‐HCV seroprevalence from India and also identified other unpublished sources of such data. Data on groups likely to represent seroprevalence in general population and in selected high‐risk groups were extracted and subjected to meta‐analysis.ResultsOf the 3995 published papers and 94 additional data sources identified, 327 were selected; these provided 414 anti‐HCV seroprevalence data points. Pooled anti‐HCV seroprevalence rates in community‐based studies, blood donors, and pregnant women were 0.85% (95% confidence interval: 0.00–3.98%), 0.44% (0.40–0.49), and 0.88% (0.21–1.90), respectively. Among groups considered at high risk of HCV, pooled anti‐HCV seroprevalence rates were as follows: people living with HIV (40 studies from 17 states: 3.51% [2.43–4.76]), persons on maintenance hemodialysis (37, 13; 19.23% [13.52–25.65]), people who inject drugs (46, 14; 44.71% [37.50–52.03]), multi‐transfused persons (38, 12; 24.06% [20.00–28.36]), persons with sexually transmitted diseases (7, 5; 4.10% [0.98–9.04]), and those with high‐risk sex behavior (6, 5; 4.06% [1.79–7.10]).ConclusionsCommunity‐based data on HCV seroprevalence in India were limited. Large amount of data on blood donors and pregnant women were identified, with pooled anti‐HCV seroprevalence rates of 0.44% and 0.88%, respectively. Among high‐risk groups, anti‐HCV prevalence was higher among people living with HIV, those with sexually transmitted diseases, high‐risk sex behavior or injection drug use, and those receiving hemodialysis or frequent transfusions.