bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Auswirkungen des SIEC-Tests auf den Anwendungsbereich der Ministererlaubnis
Authors: Thomas Stefan 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Ministererlaubnis beruht zu Recht auf dem Dogma, dass es sich bei ihr nicht um eine Fehlerkorrektur der kartellamtlichen Entscheidung handelt, sondern mit den gesamtwirtschaftlichen Vorteilen bzw. dem überragenden Interesse der Allgemeinheit – zusammenfassend: Gemeinwohlgründen – ein anderer Prüfungsmaßstab gilt als der reine Wettbewerbsschutz. Wettbewerbsschutz und Gemeinwohl sollten rechtlich und institutionell getrennt sein. Darin spiegelt sich das Anliegen wider, gerade durch das Instrument der Ministererlaubnis der Gefahr politischer Einflussnahme auf das BKartA entgegenzuwirken. Für das Gemeinwohl außerhalb des Wettbewerbsschutzes soll der Minister die alleinige politische Verantwortung tragen. Die These des vorliegenden Beitrags lautet, dass die Einführung des SIEC-Tests in § 36 Abs. 1 Satz 1 GWB die Grenze zwischen Wettbewerbsschutz und ökonomischem Gemeinwohl stark aufweicht. Wenn man nämlich davon ausgeht, dass der SIEC-Test einem effects-based approach folgt, der hierbei insbesondere auf die consumer welfare abstellt, decken sich weite Teile der für § 36 Abs. 1 Satz 1 GWB potentiell zu prüfenden Verbrauchernach- und -vorteile (consumer harm und consumer benefit) mit solchen Kriterien, die nach klassischer Lesart dem Gemeinwohlbezug der Ministererlaubnis zugeschrieben wurden. Dies gilt insbesondere mit Blick darauf, dass die neuere Fusionskontrollpraxis der Kommission zeigt, wie weit ein consumer welfare-Maßstab über reine Preiseffekte hinaus in Bereiche vordringen kann, die mit dem Gemeinwohl i. S. v. § 42 GWB assoziiert werden, wie namentlich Innovationsfähigkeit, Produktqualität und Vielfalt etc. Wenn man den SIEC-Test in diese Richtung weiterentwickelt, ist es in vielen Bereichen kaum noch möglich, die Zuständigkeitsbereiche von Amt und Minister konzeptionell klar voneinander zu trennen.
Verschiedene Preise für gleiche Produkte? Personalisierte Preise und Scoring aus ökonomischer Sicht
Authors: Locher Lieselotte 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Im Zuge der Digitalisierung nimmt die Menge an Informationen, die Anbieter über ihre potentiellen Kunden haben, stetig zu. Dies schafft neue und erweitert bestehende Möglichkeiten, dieses Wissen bei der Produkt- und Preisgestaltung zu nutzen, z. B. durch personalisierte Preise oder durch Scoring.
Personalisierung von Preisen bedeutet, dass Verbraucher unterschiedliche Preise für ein identisches Produkt bezahlen. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Form der Preisdiskriminierung aus der klassischen Industrieökonomik. Bei personalisierten Preisen schätzt ein Anbieter mithilfe der Auswertung umfangreicher Daten die Zahlungsbereitschaft seiner Kunden und fordert von jedem seiner Kunden jeweils einen daran angepassten, individuellen Preis. Voraussetzung für die Personalisierung von Preisen ist angebotsseitige Marktmacht.
Scoring findet Anwendung bei Versicherungstarifen und Kreditverträgen. Beim Scoring ermittelt der Anbieter ebenfalls individuelle Preise, allerdings nicht auf Basis unterschiedlicher Zahlungsbereitschaften, sondern weil Verbraucher unterschiedlich hohe Kosten verursachen, z. B. bei Kfz-Versicherungen durch mehr oder weniger riskantes Fahrverhalten.
Dieser Beitrag stellt die ökonomischen Grundlagen von Preisdiskriminierung und Scoring dar und analysiert, unter welchen Marktbedingungen die beiden Phänomene anzutreffen sind. Er zeigt an ausgewählten Beispielen auf, welche Ausweitungen dieser Praxis durch die Digitalisierung zu erwarten sind.
Schließlich werden Konsequenzen für die kartellrechtliche Beurteilung diskutiert. Inwiefern kann das Vorliegen personalisierter Preise oder von Scoring ein Indiz für Marktmacht sein oder nicht? Wie lassen sich so gebildete Preise im Rahmen der Missbrauchsaufsicht bewerten?
Healthy tourism initiatives at destinations: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Wirawan I Made Ady 
Published: September 2018

The terminology of travel medicine has been used interchangeably with travel health or travelersâ€™ health. Understanding the definition is important because sciences and practices related to medicine and health at tourism areas have developed rapidly. This can be applied to identify scopes and appropriate components for each sub discipline.Â Travel medicine is the first emerging field in this area. It is defined as the branch of medicine that specializes in travel related diseases and conditions, and their management.
New insights on the basicity of ZnAl–Zr hydrotalcites activated at low temperature and their application in transesterification of soybean oil
Authors: Cabrera-Munguía Denis A. , González Horacio , Tzompantzi Francisco , Gutiérrez-Alejandre Aída , Solís-Casados Dora A. , Rico José L. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Las fundaciones y su concepción y gestión de la responsabilidad social
Authors: Navas Rios Maria Eugenia , Londoño Aldana Emperatriz 
Published: September 2018

This paper is framed within entrepreneurial social responsibility based on the following premise: “The State cannot attend by itself, all the challenges that social development poses, this requires a joint cooperation of the companies and organizations of the social sector”. It can be inferred that social responsibility supposes a new challenge for the companies, which consists on expanding from its responsibility to the construction of a more fair society and sustainable by keeping and improving its own competitiveness. The organizations can exercise as true social agents, through the design and execution of programs of social action, among which we see the creation and the endorsement of foundations that have allowed the companies to get an entrepreneurial philosophy centered on mankind in motion, based on the need to respond to the people’s interests and to keep them in mind in the formulation of the goals and entrepreneurial strategies. According to Grunig (2003) in his model of public relations, we can appreciate how key variables that define a socially responsible company, the bi-management, its relations with the community or the key audiences that allow the dialogue, the consensus, which brings changes in attitude and behavior between the parties. Likewise, through the creation of foundations, which is how the companies achieved the consolidation of the subsidies, formerly disperse and transitory, on a stable destination, permanent and of public utility. Keeping as a premise the aforementioned situation, the work’s goal on first instance is to show how the managers of the foundations in Cartagena whose focus is financing small entrepreneurs understand social responsibility; keeping as a reference the classification proposed by Teixidó and Chavarri (1999) that support the models: Traditional of Social Development; Solidary Strategy; Friedminian Strategy; and the Systemic of Social Development. Secondly, from this vision, which one is the state in mention about social responsibility of the foundation and what strategies compose its implementation? And the third goal is, to conclude the paper, to discover or characterize a typology from the way the foundations are managing the social responsibility.
Nivel de actividad física en niños de edades de 6 a 12 años en algunos colegios de Barranquilla-Colombia, en el año 2014-2015
Authors: Cervantes De la Torre Karol , Amador Rodero Eulalia , Arrazola David Mónica 
Published: September 2018

Promover la actividad física es una estrategia esencial para mantener la salud y prevenir la enfermedad en la población global. La promoción de los estilos de vida saludable con énfasis en la actividad física en edades tempranas aprovechando el ámbito escolar favorecerá la adopción de los estilos de vida saludable y garantizará la salud del adulto futuro. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar el nivel de actividad física en población escolar. Metodologia: es un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, el instrumento para recolección de la información fuè el PAQ-C, se le aplicò a una muestra de 247 escolares en edades comprendidas entre 6 y 12 años. Los resultados indican que la población practica actividad física.
Patogenesa Dan Pemilihan Terapi Hemorrhoid
Authors: Sudirman Taufik 
Published: September 2018

<p><em>Therapy of hemorrhoids ranges from dietary and lifestyle modification to surgery, depending on degree and severity of symtoms. While debate continues as to which is the best surgical method for the therapy of hemorrhoids, none of the currently available surgical methods approach the ideal surgical option, which is one that effective while being safe and painless. In reality, the less painful the procedure, the more likely it is to be associated with recurrence post-op. A fuller understanding of the pathophysiology will help to make choices.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: hemorrhoids, pathophysiology, therapy. </em></strong></p>
Is sustainable logging possible in Africa’s dense forest?
Authors: Karsenty Alain 
Published: September 2018

René Catinot, qui fut directeur des recherches forestières au CTFT (Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, qui deviendra le département Forêt du Cirad) et figure historique de la foresterie tropicale française, se posait cette question au début des années 1960. Dès leur arrivée en Afrique Tropicale, nous dit Catinot, « les Forestiers chargés de la gestion de la forêt dense ont cherché à la régénérer ». Les connaissances forestières de milieux tempérés sont insuffisantes face à des forêts qui comportent 200 à 300 espèces, mais qui contiennent nettement moins de bois qu’une forêt aménagée en zone tempérée. Un débat oppose alors les tenants d’une régénération naturelle à ceux de la régénération artificielle. Le problème de l’exploitation sélective tropicale, particulièrement en Afrique, est le faible taux de prélèvement qui limite l’arrivée de lumière au sol et empêche la germination nécessaire au renouvellement des espèces les plus appréciées commercialement, lesquelles sont souvent à tendance héliophile. Catinot est affirmatif « il ne faut pas compter sur la Nature seule pour la régénérer ». Les techniques sylvicoles s’emploient, dès lors, à favoriser ces espèces commerciales, soit en « stimulant la croissance des plants préexistants » (sylviculture utilisant la régénération naturelle), soit en « transplantant dans les forêts épuisées par l’exploitation des plants d’essences nobles préalablement produits en pépinière » (régénération artificielle). Le langage sur la « noblesse » des essences trahit les conceptions de l’époque. Le terme de « diversité biologique » n’apparaitra qu’en 1968 et il faudra encore quelques années pour comprendre que la biodiversité ne se limite pas à la somme des espèces, mais représente l'ensemble des interactions entre les êtres vivants. Que nous dit Catinot, qui exprime bien la pensée des forestiers tropicaux de l’époque ? La sylviculture utilisant la régénération naturelle, « c’est avant tout une destruction lente et prudente du couvert » en utilisant délianage, dégagement et empoisonnement des « espèces gênantes ». Quant à la régénération artificielle, « il faut bien détruire la forêt préexistante pour donner aux plants la lumière indispensable à leur croissance ». Ce langage serait inaudible aujourd’hui, à l’heure où l’on cherche à promouvoir « l’exploitation à faible impact » et où la certification Forest Stewardship Council « de bonne gestion forestière » (FSC) s’interroge sur la compatibilité de l’exploitation, même à faible impact, avec le maintien de « paysages forestiers intacts »...
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Animasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Pelajaran Menggambar Bentuk Bidang Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Gambar Bangunan di SMK 4 Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Lestari Dila , Rochadi Doddy , Maulana Arris 
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media animasi terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi menggambar bentuk bidang siswa SMKN 4 Tangerang Selatan kompetensi keahlian teknik gambar bangunan kelas X setelah menggunakan media animasi pada materi pelajaran menggambar bentuk bidang.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan Desember 2016. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X Teknik Gambar Bangunan yang berjumlah 69 siswa yang dibagi kedalam 2 kelompok kelas, yaitu kelas kontrol (kelas yang menggunakan media konvensional) dengan jumlah 35 siswa dan kelas eksperimen (kelas yang menggunakan media animasi) yang berjumlah 34 siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen. Pengujian persyaratan hipotesis menggunakan uji normalitas, teknik uji normalitas menggunakan teknik analisis chi-kuadrat. Validitas instrument soal tes dilakukan dengan judgement expert dan uji coba instrumen, hasil dari uji validitas menunjukkan terdapat 25 soal valid dan 5 soal tidak valid dari 30 soal yang disajikan. Reliabilitas instrument tes dihitung dengan rumus Kuder-Richardson (KR-20) diperoleh harga r = 0,810 dengan soal pilihan ganda.
Hasil belajar sebelum dilakukan pembelajaran menggambar bentuk bidang menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar kelas kontrol memiliki nilai 52-96 dengan rata-rata 77. Hasil belajar kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai 52-88 dengan rata-rata 70,470. Sedangkan hasil belajar setelah dilakukan pembelajaran menggambar bentuk bidang menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar kelas kontrol memiliki nilai 60-100 dengan rata-rata 87,889. Hasil belajar kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai 52-100 dengan rata-rata 84,235. Hasil data yang didapat kemudian diolah dengan uji â€“ t yang menghasilkan nilai thitung = 7,963 dan ttabel = 2,037, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa niai thitung â‰¥ ttabel atau 7,963 > 2,037 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar antara pretest dan posttest setelah menggunakan media animasi. Sedangkan uji linieritas menunjukkan nilai Fhitung = 7,758 dan Ftabel = 4,150. Karena nilai Fhitung â‰¥ Ftabel atau 7,758 > 4,150 maka regresi tersebut linier.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Visual Tiga Dimensi (Sketch Up) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Pelajaran Macam-Macam Pekerjaan Konstruksi Kayu
Authors: Ramadhan Rizky , Maulana Arris , Rochadi Doddy 
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media visual tiga dimensi terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi macam-macam pekerjaan konstruksi kayu siswa SMKN 56 Jakarta kompetensi keahlian teknik gambar bangunan kelas X dan media pembelajaran visual tiga dimensi membantu siswa dalam memahami materi macam-macam pekerjaan konstruksi kayu dalam mata pelajaran konstruksi bangunan.
Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X Teknik Gambar Bangunan yang berjumlah 56 siswa yang dibagi kedalam 2 kelompok kelas, yaitu kelas kontrol (kelas yang menggunakan media powerpoint) dengan jumlah 28 siswa dan kelas eksperimen (kelas yang menggunakan media visual tiga dimensi) yang berjumlah 28 siswa. Analisis data digunakan uji â€“ t dua pihak sampel independen.
Hasil belajar sebelum dilakukan pembelajaran macam-macam pekerjaan konstruksi kayu menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar kelas kontrol memiliki nilai 45-95 dengan rata-rata 73,03. Hasil belajar kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai 50-95 dengan rata-rata 71,96. Sedangkan hasil belajar setelah dilakukan pembelajaran macam-macam pekerjaan konstruksi kayu menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar kelas kontrol memiliki nilai 50-95 dengan rata-rata 75,17. Hasil belajar kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai 65-95 dengan rata-rata 85,17. Hasil data yang didapat kemudian diolah dengan uji â€“ t yang menghasilkan nilai thitung = 3,595 dan ttabel = 2,056, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa niai thitung â‰¥ ttabel atau 3,595 > 2,056 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Maka dapat disimpulkan media pembelajaran visual tiga mempengaruhi hasil belajar materi macam-macam pekerjaan kontruksi kayu kelas X di SMK Negeri 56 Jakarta.
Planning Considerations for State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial Partners to Receive Medical Countermeasures From CDC’s Strategic National Stockpile During a Public Health Emergency
Authors: Bhavsar Tina R. , Esbitt Deborah L. , Yu Patricia A. , Yu Yon , Gorman Susan E. 
Published: September 2018

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Strategic National Stockpile is a national repository of potentially life-saving medical countermeasures including pharmaceuticals and medical supplies for use in a public health emergency severe enough to cause local, regional, and state supplies to run out. Several planning considerations can assist state, local, tribal, and territorial jurisdictions in preparing to receive, distribute, dispense, and administer medical countermeasures from the Strategic National Stockpile. These considerations include, but are not limited to, issues surrounding regulatory requirements, controlled substances, cold chain management, and ancillary supply needs. Multiple aspects to consider for each of these functions are discussed here to assist partners in their planning efforts.
Performance of Point of Dispensing Setup Drills for Distribution of Medical Countermeasures: United States and Territories, 2012–2016
Authors: Pagaoa Melissa , Leblanc Tanya Telfair , Renard Paul , Brown Suzette , Fanning Michael , Avchen Rachel Nonkin 
Published: September 2018

Objectives. To describe results of points of dispensing (POD) medical countermeasure drill performance among local jurisdictions. Methods. To compare POD setup times for each year, we calculated descriptive statistics of annual jurisdictional POD setup data submitted by over 400 local jurisdictions across 50 states and 8 US territories to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) program monitoring database from July 2012 to June 2016. Results. In data collected from July 2012 to June 2015, fewer than 5% of PODs required more than 240 minutes to set up, although the proportion increased from July 2015 to June 2016 to almost 12%. From July 2012 to June 2016, more than 60% of PODs were set up in less than 90 minutes, with 60 minutes as the median setup time during the period. Conclusions. Our results yield evidence of national progress for response to a mass medical emergency. Technical assistance may be required to aid certain jurisdictions for improvement. Public Health Implications. The results of this study may inform future target times for performance on POD setup activities and highlight jurisdictions in need of technical assistance.
Calreticulin is Differentially Expressed in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Comparative Study
Authors: Tariq Asma , Mateen Rana Muhammad , Fatima Iram , Akhtar Muhammad Waheed 
Published: September 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study was to build protein profiles of untreated breast cancer patients of invasive ductal carcinoma grade II at tissue level in Pakistani population and to compare 2-D profiles of breast tumor tissues with matched normal tissues in order to evaluate for variations of proteins among them.Materials & Methods:Breast tissue profiles were made after polytron tissue lysis and rehydrated proteins were further characterized by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. On the basis of isoelectric point (pI) and molecular weight, proteins were identified by online tool named Siena 2-D database and their identification was further confirmed by using MALDI-TOF.Results:Among identified spots, 10 proteins were found to be differentially expressed i.e.; COX5A, THIO, TCTP, HPT, SODC, PPIA, calreticulin (CRT), HBB, albumin and serotransferrin. For further investigation, CRT was selected. The level of CRT in tumors was found to be significantly higher than in normal group (p < 0.05). The increased expression of CRT level in tumor was statistically significant (p = 0.010) at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05) as analyzed by Mann-Whitney. CRT was found distinctly expressed in high amount in tumor tissue as compared to their matched normal tissues.Conclusion:It has been concluded that CRT expression could discriminate between normal tissue and tumor tissue so it might serve as a possible candidate for future studies in cancer diagnostic markers.
Immunology Behind Tumors: A Mini Review
Authors: Hurkat Pooja , Jain Sourabh , Jain Richa , Jain Aakanchha 
Published: September 2018

Background::The immune system is designed with great care to distinguish self from non-self, as exhibited by immune responses to different pathogens. Furthermore, the immune system has the capacity to distinguish between self from altered self in case of autoimmune diseases like cancer. Developing tumors bypass the immune system mechanism which restrains selfreactive responses. Immunotherapy is a coherent means since the immune system can eliminate a number of antigens derived from the genetic constitution of B and T lymphocytes. Our understanding of the immune system has developed a great deal.Conclusion::This review is focused not only on the mechanism by which the immune system protects us but also on the ways in which it can inflict the body and how to modulate it with therapy. Thus, understanding the interaction of a tumor with the immune system provides insights into mechanisms that can be utilized to elicit anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we have recapitulated the function of the tumor microenvironment and immune checkpoints.
A Model for Heterogeneous Brain Tumor Cells that Cause Dizziness
Authors: Farnush Mohammad 
Published: September 2018

Background::
Various models are used for brain tumors modeling. To our knowledge,
no earlier work has been done on modeling the heterogeneous brain tumor that causes dizziness.
However, specifying a cell using a model is not new. Unlike all earlier works in this regard, which
consider analog or analog-CPU computers in the cell model, the model presented in this work
fully utilizes processor computers.

Materials and Methods::
The purpose of this study is to offer a comprehensive approach for
heterogeneous modeling of brain tumor cells. The model uses a brain tumor cell in Matlab and
Simulink 3D software. Two heterogeneous models are presented for brain tumor cells: the imagebased
cell model and computer-generated cell model. The image-based cell model is obtained
through the figure altering on X-ray or ocular figures by recognizing the dissimilar states in the
tumors.

Results::
The computer-generated cell model works based on locating computer produced aggregate
cells into tumors. Some subdivisions for both the image-based and computer-generated cell
models are presented as well.

Conclusion::
The positive and negative points of the image-based cell models and computergenerated
cell models some scientific advices are presented in this work. Generally, the imagebased
cell models could offer analytical facts for each state, but they are expensive and timeconsuming;
besides, their performance is heavily influenced by deformation techniques. The
computer-generated cell model, on the other hand, provides a higher cost of production and simplicity,
but its main contribution is the overall performance and accuracy.