bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Taxane-based Chemotherapy on the Lymphatic System
Authors: Johnson Anna Rose , Granoff Melisa D. , Lee Bernard T. , Padera Timothy P. , Bouta Echoe M. , Singhal Dhruv 
Published: March 2019

Background
Breast cancer–related lymphedema affects 700,000 breast cancer survivors in the United States. Although taxane-based chemotherapy regimens are commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer, the impact of taxanes on the lymphatic system remains poorly understood. This study aims to examine the influence of taxane-based chemotherapy on lymphatic function in breast cancer patients.

Methods
A retrospective review of a prospectively-maintained database was performed. Consecutive patients with node positive breast cancer who underwent preoperative indocyanine green (ICG) lymphangiograms were identified. Information including patient demographics, baseline measurements, cancer characteristics, and treatment information were retrieved. Preoperative ICG lymphangiography videos were analyzed and lymphatic contractility was quantified for each subject. Multiple regions of interest were selected on each lymphatic channel and signal intensity was recorded for 3 minutes to generate contractility curves. Each lymphatic contraction was identified using a novel, systematic, and algorithmic approach.

Results
Twenty-nine consecutive patients with unilateral node-positive breast cancer were included for analysis. Average patient age was 54.5 (13) years and mean BMI was 26.8 kg/m2 (4). The mean lymphatic contractility of patients who received taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 0.7 contractions/minute (c/m) (n = 19) compared to 1.1 c/m in those who received no neoadjuvant therapy (n = 10), (P = 0.11). In subgroup analysis, patients who reported taxane induced neuropathy demonstrated significantly lower lymphatic contractility values than those who were asymptomatic or did not receive any chemotherapy (P = 0.018).

Conclusions
In this study, we used a novel method for quantifying and evaluating lymphatic contractility rates in routine ICG lymphangiograms. Diminished lymphatic contractility was noted in patients who received taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with those who did not. Taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy may adversely affect the lymphatic system in the breast cancer population. A larger patient cohort with longer follow-up time is needed to validate this finding and evaluate any potential association with breast cancer–related lymphedema development.
Comparative Accuracy of Clinical and Formula-Based Estimation of Resection Weight in Reduction Mammoplasty and Implications for Insurance Preapproval and Payment
Authors: Wampler Ariel , Powelson Ian , Matthew Michael K. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction
Insurance companies use minimum resection weight, sometimes based on body surface area (Schnur sliding scale), as a criterion for preapproval and ultimately coverage of reduction mammoplasty. The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of subjective resection estimates and estimates calculated by published formulae versus measured resection weights, and to explore the impact of these estimates on insurance preauthorization and payment.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of bilateral reduction mammaplasties performed at a single academic medical center by seven plastic surgeons from January 2011 to December 2017 was performed. Patients undergoing oncoplastic reduction, simultaneous additional body-contouring procedures, or lacking complete data were excluded. A total of 762 patients were reviewed. Absolute and relative errors between preoperative estimate and actual resection weights were calculated. A subset of patients with requisite breast measurements (n = 579) was examined to compare formula-based with clinical estimates of resection weights.

Results
Median error was 105 g (14% normalized by resection weight). Frequency of underestimation (40.5%) and overestimation (55.7%) were similar. In 19% (n = 291) of reduced breasts, resection estimate was less than the Schnur requirement. For 5 (2.8%) of these patients, insurers denied coverage explicitly for this reason. Our surgeons' positive predictive value of estimate > Schnur was 86.6%. In 23% (n = 352) of breasts, resection was < Schnur requirement. No insurance claim was denied a posteriori due to resection weight less than Schnur. The formula proposed by Appel et al. produced the most accurate estimates, and is the most likely to produce an estimate < Schnur in nonobese women. Correlations between each surgeon's relative errors and years of faculty experience (r
2 < 0.07) and number of reduced breasts (r
2 = 0.0275) were very weak.

Conclusions
Resection estimate accuracy varies among surgeons and does not appear to be affected by experience. Because insurers use resection estimates to determine preauthorization, this could be problematic, particularly for surgeons tending to underestimate. However, insurers are inconsistent in application of the Schnur requirement once surgery has been preapproved and its validity as a determinant of medical necessity is in question.
Would Plastic Surgeons Choose Breast Conservation Therapy?
Authors: Myers Paige L. , Park Rachel H. , Mitchell Drew C. , Nghiem Bao Tram , Amalfi Ashley N. 
Published: March 2019

Background
Breast conservation therapy is defined as partial mastectomy with subsequent radiation therapy and is the treatment for early-stage breast cancer. However, the unwanted risks of radiation must be considered as well as the impact on future breast reconstruction options. The purpose of this study was to assess the preference of plastic surgeons when given the hypothetical diagnosis of breast cancer.

Methods
A survey assessing treatment preference of 3 hypothetical breast cancer diagnosis scenarios was designed and distributed by American Society of Plastic Surgeons via e-mail invite to its members.

Results
The risk of cancer recurrence was the most common reason for treatment preferences of all three choices. However, for ductal carcinoma in situ, unilateral mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction is the preferred option with the second most influential reason of avoiding the risks of radiation therapy. For invasive ductal carcinoma node negative, unilateral mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction was the preferred option also due to risks of radiation therapy and anxiety of future surveillance. For invasive ductal carcinoma node positive, bilateral mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction was the preferred choice because of anxiety of future surveillance and also risks of radiation therapy.

Conclusions
In general, plastic surgeons did not prefer breast conservation therapy for in situ and early-stage breast cancer. Although the most common rationale for total mastectomy was risk of cancer recurrence for all disease severity, risks of radiation therapy are real and play an integral role in the decision-making process. In understanding our own biases, we can help better empathize with patients in consultation for breast reconstruction.
Laparoscopic Anatomic Spiegel Lobectomy With the Extrahepatic Glissonean Approach
Authors: Xiang Shuai , Zhang Yu-xin , Chai Song-shan , Zhang Wan-guang 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Laparoscopic Spiegel lobectomy is difficult due to its deep location and being surrounded by gross vessels. Extrahepatic Glissonean pedicle transection method has been proposed by Takasaki during open liver resections. This approach can be successfully performed during laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy. Here we describe pure laparoscopic Spiegel lobectomy using the extrahepatic Glissonean approach.

Methods:
The patient was a 25-year-old male with a background of hepatitis B. A 1.5 cm×1.7 cm mass was detected in liver Spiegel lobe and highly suspected to be an hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver function was normal (Child-pugh 5), and alpha-fetoprotein was within the normal ranges. Laparoscopic Spiegel lobectomy using extrahepatic Glissonean approach was proposed. The hilar plate was partly detached from liver parenchyma, and 2 Glissonean pedicles of the Spiegel lobe were dissected, clamped and divided. Liver parenchymal transection was performed using the harmonic scalpel.

Results:
The operation time was 196 minutes without Pringle’s maneuver. Estimated blood loss was <50 mL, and no blood transfusion was required. The patient recovered well and was discharged on postoperative day 6. There was no complication. Pathologic findings support the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic Spiegel lobectomy using the extrahepatic Glissonean approach is safe and feasible.
Assessment of conditioned pain modulation in healthy participants and patients with chronic pain: manifestations and implications for pain progression
Authors: Petersen Kristian K. , McPhee Megan E. , Hoegh Morten S. , Graven-Nielsen Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in humans with a focus on methodology, factors modulating CPM, and the potential for CPM as a clinical marker for pain progression.

Recent findings
CPM can be evoked by combining different stimulus modalities with good reliability; sequential CPM effects are stable over time with limited carryover effects. Optimism and pain catastrophizing might influence pain inhibition. Further, studies suggest that the CPM effect can be improved by gabapentinoids, transcranial direct current stimulation to cortical structures, and exercise and that long-term opioid use might impair CPM in patients with chronic pain. Clinical evidence suggests that preoperative impaired CPM may predict more severe chronic postoperative pain. The effect of pain duration on CPM impairment has been challenged by recent studies.

Summary
As CPM methodology is optimized, studies are revealing factors that can modulate descending pain inhibitory pathways. Understanding underlying mechanisms of CPM will improve the utility of CPM in a clinical setting and potentially lead to personalized treatments for chronic pain patients.
Eco-evolutionary dynamics further weakens mutualistic interaction and coexistence under population decline
Authors: Weinbach Avril , Loeuille Nicolas , Rohr Rudolf P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWith current environmental changes, evolution can rescue declining populations, but what happens to their interacting species? Mutualistic interactions can help species sustain each other when their environment worsens. However, mutualism is often costly to maintain, and evolution might counter-select it when not profitable enough. We investigate how evolution of mutualism affects the coexistence of two mutualistic species, e.g. a plant-pollinator or plant-fungi system. Specifically, using eco-evolutionary dynamics, we study the evolution of the focal species investment in the mutualistic interaction of a focal species (e.g. plant attractiveness via flower or nectar production for pollinators or carbon exudate for mycorrhizal fungi), and how it is affected by the decline of the partner population with which it is interacting. We assume an allocation trade-off so that investment in the mutualistic interaction reduces the species intrinsic growth rate. First, we investigate how evolution changes species persistence, biomass production, and the intensity of the mutualistic interaction. We show that concave trade-offs allow evolutionary convergence to stable coexistence. We next assume an external disturbance that decreases the partner population by lowering its intrinsic growth rate. Such declines result in the evolution of lower investment of the focal species in the mutualistic interaction, which eventually leads to the extinction of the partner species. With asymmetric mutualism favouring the partner, the evolutionary disappearance of the mutualistic interaction is delayed. Our results suggest that evolution may account for the current collapse of some mutualistic system like plant-pollinator ones, and that restoration attempts should be enforced early enough to prevent potential negative effects driven by evolution.
Evolutionary stability of collateral sensitivity to antibiotics in the model pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Barbosa Camilo , Roemhild Roderich , Rosenstiel Philip , Schulenburg Hinrich 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEvolution is at the core of the impending antibiotic crisis. Sustainable therapy must thus account for the adaptive potential of pathogens. One option is to exploit evolutionary trade-offs, like collateral sensitivity, where evolved resistance to one antibiotic causes hypersensitivity to another one. To date, the evolutionary stability and thus clinical utility of this trade-off is unclear. We performed a critical experimental test on this key requirement, using evolution experiments withPseudomonas aeruginosacombined with genomic and genetic analyses, and identified three main outcomes: (i) bacteria commonly failed to counter hypersensitivity and went extinct; (ii) hypersensitivity sometimes converted into multidrug resistance; and (iii) resistance gains occasionally caused re-sensitization to the previous drug, thereby maintaining the trade-off. Drug order affected the evolutionary outcome, most likely due to variation in fitness costs and epistasis among adaptive mutations. Our finding of robust genetic trade-offs and drug-order effects can guide design of evolution-informed antibiotic therapy.
Mammalian olfaction is a high temporal bandwidth sense
Authors: Erskine Andrew , Ackels Tobias , Dasgupta Debanjan , Fukunaga Izumi , Schaefer Andreas T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOdours are transported in turbulent plumes resulting locally in highly fluctuating odour concentration (Celani et al., 2014; Murlis et al., 1992; Mylne and Mason, 1991; Shraiman and Siggia, 2000). Yet, whether mammals can make use of the ensuing temporal structure (Celani et al., 2014; Crimaldi and Koseff, 2001; Murlis et al., 1992; Mylne and Mason, 1991; Schmuker et al., 2016; Vickers, 2000) to extract information about the olfactory environment remains unknown. Here, we use dual-energy photoionisation recording with >300 Hz bandwidth to simultaneously determine odour concentrations of two odours in air. We show that temporal correlation of odour concentrations reliably predicts whether odorants emerge from the same or different sources in normal turbulent environments outside and in laboratory conditions. To replicate natural odour dynamics in a reproducible manner we developed a multichannel odour delivery device allowing presentation of several odours with 10 ms temporal resolution. Integrating this device in an automated operant conditioning system we demonstrate that mice can reliably discriminate the correlation structure of odours at frequencies of up to 40 Hz. Consistent with this finding, output neurons in the olfactory bulb show segregated responses depending on the correlation of odour stimuli with populations of 10s of neurons sufficient to reach behavioural performance. Our work thus demonstrates that mammals can perceive temporal structure in odour stimuli at surprisingly fast timescales. This in turn might be useful for key behavioural challenges (Jacobs, 2012) such as odour source separation (Hopfield, 1991), figure-ground separation (Rokni et al., 2014) or odour localisation (Vergassola et al., 2007; Vickers, 2000).
Transcriptional signatures of invasiveness inMeloidogyne incognitapopulations from sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Cox Deborah , Reilly Brian , Warnock Neil D. , Dyer Steven , Sturrock Matthew , Cortada Laura , Coyne Danny , Maule Aaron G. , Dalzell Johnathan J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMeloidogyne incognitais an economically important plant parasitic nematode. Here we demonstrate substantial variation in the invasiveness of fourM. incognitapopulations relative to tomato. Infective (J2) stage transcriptomes reveal significant variation in the expression of protein-coding and non-coding RNAs between populations. We identify 33 gene expression markers (GEMs) that correlate with invasiveness, and which map to genes with predicted roles in host-finding and invasion, including neuropeptides, ion channels, GPCRs, cell wall-degrading enzymes and microRNAs. These data demonstrate a surprising diversity in microRNA complements between populations, and identify GEMs for invasiveness ofM. incognitafor the first time.
A low-cost, open-source framework for tracking and behavioural analysis of animals in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Francisco Fritz A. , Nührenberg Paul , Jordan Alex L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough methods for tracking animals underwater exist, they frequently involve costly infrastructure investment, or capture and manipulation of animals to affix or implant tags. These practical concerns limit the taxonomic coverage of aquatic movement ecology studies and implementation in areas where high infrastructure investment is impossible. Here we present a method based on deep-learning and structure-from-motion, with which we can accurately determine the 3D location of animals, the structure of the environment in which they are moving. Further behavioural decomposition of the body position and contour of animals subsequently allow quantifying the behavioural states of each interacting animal. This approach can be used with minimal infrastructure and without confining animals to to a fixed area, or capturing and interfering with them in any way. With this approach, we are able to track single individuals (Conger Eel,Conger oceanus), small heterospecific groups (Mullus surmuletus, Diplodus sp.), and schools of animals (Tanganyikan cichlidsLamprologus callipterus) in freshwater and marine systems, and in habitats ranging in environmental complexity. Positional information was highly accurate, with errors as low as 1.67% of body length. Tracking data was embedded in 3D environmental models that could be used to examine collective decision making, obstacle avoidance, and visual connectivity of groups. By analyzing body contour and position, we were also able to use unsupervised classification to quantify the kinematic behavioural states of each animal. The proposed framework allows us to understand animal behaviour in aquatic systems at an unprecedented resolution and a fraction of the cost of established methodologies, with minimal domain expertise at the data acquisition or analysis phase required. Implementing this method, research can be conducted in a wide range of field contexts to collect laboratory standard data, vastly expanding both the taxonomic and environmental coverage of quantitative animal movement analysis with a low-cost, open-source solution.
Behavioural and neural limits in competitive decision making: The roles of outcome, opponency and observation
Authors: Dyson Benjamin James , Steward Ben Albert , Meneghetti Tea , Forder Lewis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo understand the boundaries we set for ourselves in terms of environmental responsibility during competition, we examined a neural index of outcome valence (feedback-related negativity; FRN) in relation to earlier indices of visual attention (N1), later indices of motivational significance (P3), and, eventual behaviour. In Experiment 1 (n=36), participants either were (play) or were not (observe) responsible for action selection. In Experiment 2 (n=36), opponents additionally either could (exploitable) or could not (unexploitable) be beaten. Various failures in reinforcement learning expression were revealed including large-scale approximations of random behaviour. Against unexploitable opponents, N1 determined the extent to which negative and positive outcomes were perceived as distinct categories by FRN. Against exploitable opponents, FRN determined the extent to which P3 generated neural gain for future events. Differential activation of the N1 – FRN – P3 processing chain provides a framework for understanding the behavioural dynamism observed during competitive decision making.
Survival of prey growing through gape-limited predators
Authors: Anderson James J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractJuvenile to adult survival of fish is modeled by the rate at which prey progressively escape the size distribution of gape-limited predators through growth. The model characterizes adult survival as a function of the mean and standard deviation of the predator population gape sizes, the ratio of mortality and growth rates and a compensatory growth factor. The model fits the survival of adult returns of Chinook salmon and reveals that a 25% increase in either the initial size at ocean entrance or the growth to mortality rate over the first few months of ocean residence can increase adult survival by a factor of 2 to 3. Additionally, the model proposes a rigorous mechanism through which the size distribution of predators determines the effects of juvenile growth on adult survival. Finally, possible contributions of the model framework to fisheries management and predator-prey theory are noted.
Cellular and network mechanisms may generate sparse coding of sequential object encounters in hippocampal-like circuits
Authors: Trinh Anh-Tuan , Clarke Stephen E. , Harvey-Girard Erik , Maler Leonard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn mammals, the localization of distinct landmarks is performed by hippocampal neurons that sparsely encode an animal’s location relative to surrounding objects. Similarly, the dorsal lateral pallium (DL) is essential for spatial learning in teleost fish. The DL of weakly electric gymnotiform fish receives sensory inputs from the preglomerular nucleus (PG), which has been hypothesized to encode the temporal sequence of electrosensory or visual landmark/food encounters. Here, we show that DL neurons have a hyperpolarized resting membrane potential combined with a high and dynamic spike threshold that increases following each spike. Current-evoked spikes in DL cells are followed by a strong small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK) mediated after-hyperpolarizing potential (AHP). Together, these properties prevent high frequency and continuous spiking. The resulting sparseness of discharge and dynamic threshold suggest that DL neurons meet theoretical requirements for generating spatial memory engrams by decoding the landmark/food encounter sequences encoded by PG neurons.
Resting-state functional connectivity modulates the BOLD activation induced by nucleus accumbens stimulation in the swine brain
Authors: Cho Shinho , Hachmann Jan T. , Balzekas Irena , In Myung-Ho , Andres-Beck Lindsey G. , Lee Kendall H. , Min Hoon-Ki , Jo Hang Joon 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWhile it is known that the clinical efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) alleviates motor-related symptoms, cognitive and behavioral effects of DBS and its action mechanism on brain circuits are not clearly understood. By combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and DBS, we investigated the pattern of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes induced by stimulating the nucleus accumbens and how inter-regional resting-state functional connectivity is related with the stimulation DBS effect in a healthy swine model. We found that the pattern of stimulation-induced BOLD activation was diffused across multiple functional networks including the prefrontal, limbic, and thalamic regions, altering inter-regional functional connectivity after stimulation. Furthermore, our results showed that the strength of the DBS effect is closely related to the strength of inter-regional resting-state functional connectivity including stimulation locus and remote brain regions. Our results reveal the impact of nucleus accumbens stimulation on major functional networks, highlighting functional connectivity may mediate the modulation effect of DBS via large-scale brain networks.