bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological description of male genital organs of Marca's marmoset (Mico marcai)
Authors: de Siqueira Gustavo Henrique Lima , Silva Felipe Ennes , Santana Marcelo Ismar Silva 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMorphological characterisation of the genital organs of primates may bring significant contributions to the understanding of different reproductive behaviours and support new conservation strategies. However, relevant or detailed descriptions of genital morphology of several primate species are still lacking. This study describes the gross and microscopic anatomy of the internal and external genitalia of Marca's marmoset (Mico marcai). The same organs described in other primate species were identified here, but some anatomical particularities were detected, such as absence of a dartos tunic, presence of a vas deferens ampulla, absence of spongious erectile tissue in the pelvic urethra, separation of prostate gland lobes by a longitudinal sulcus and lack of septation in the corpus cavernosus and spongiosus at the level of the shaft and free portion of the penis. Keratinised type 1 spicules arising from epidermal or dermal projections were found in the free portion of the penis. Microscopic analysis revealed a small bone (baculum) consisting of peripheral compact bone and a central, non‐ossified area filled with vascular tissue at the distal end of this portion of the penis. Results of this study may support further comparative studies of primates' reproductive ecology.
Impact of an integrated diabetes service involving specialist outreach and primary health care on risk factors for micro‐ and macrovascular diabetes complications in remote Indigenous communities in Australia
Authors: Hotu Cheri , Rémond Marc , Maguire Graeme , Ekinci Elif , Cohen Neale 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of an integrated diabetes service involving specialist outreach and primary health care teams on risk factors for micro‐ and macrovascular diabetes complications in three remote Indigenous Australian communities over a 12‐month period.DesignQuantitative, retrospective evaluation.SettingPrimary health care clinics in remote Indigenous communities in Australia.ParticipantsOne‐hundred‐and‐twenty‐four adults (including 123 Indigenous Australians; 76.6% female) with diabetes living in remote communities.Main outcome measuresGlycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profile, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin : creatinine ratio and blood pressure.ResultsDiabetes prevalence in the three communities was high, at 32.8%. A total of 124 patients reviewed by the outreach service had a median consultation rate of 1.0 by an endocrinologist and 0.9 by a diabetes nurse educator over the 12‐month period. Diabetes care plans were made in collaboration with local primary health care services, which also provided patients with diabetes care between outreach team visits. A significant reduction was seen in median (interquartile range) glycosylated haemoglobin from baseline to 12 months. Median (interquartile range) total cholesterol was also reduced. The number of patients prescribed glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogues and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors increased over the 12 months and an increase in the number of patients prescribed insulin trended towards statistical significance.ConclusionA collaborative health care approach to deliver diabetes care to remote Indigenous Australian communities was associated with an improvement in glycosylated haemoglobin and total cholesterol, both important risk factors, respectively, for micro‐ and macrovascular diabetes complications.
What do mental health workers in the bush think about mental health nurse prescribing? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Muyambi Kuda , McPhail Ruth , Cronin Kathryn , Gillam Marianne , Martinez Lee , Dennis Shaun , Bressington Daniel , Gray Richard , Jones Martin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionRelatively few psychiatrists live and work in rural South Australia. The rural GP is an essential component of support for people with mental health problems. However, considerable GP maldistribution between rural and metropolitan Australia still exists. Thus, accessing health services, including medication, becomes challenging for rural communities. Extending mental health nurse prescribing could be a strategy to build additional capacity to complement the GPs and psychiatrists who practice in rural South Australia. Until now, no studies have examined mental health workers’ attitudes towards nurse prescribing in rural Australia.ObjectiveTo examine the attitudes of rural and remote South Australian mental health workers about mental health nurse prescribing.Design/methodA cross‐sectional survey assessing mental health workers’ attitudes to mental health nurse prescribing.SettingThe study was conducted across South Australia, excluding metropolitan Adelaide.ParticipantsMental health workers employed by the Country Health South Australia Local Health Network for Mental Health.ResultsOf the 289 potential participants, 93 (32%) responded and were included in this study. All the respondents reported positive attitudes towards mental health nurse prescribing. However, they expressed concerns about safety, educational preparation and supervision structures.ConclusionThe attitudes of rural South Australian mental health workers are not a barrier to mental health nurse prescribing. The implementation and sustainability of mental health nurse prescribing will require additional staff training in psychopharmacology and a governance framework to assure quality and safety. Policy‐makers need to focus their attention on the uptake of mental health nurse prescribing in parts of Australia that struggle to attract and retain psychiatrists.
Ultra‐short heart rate variability recording reliability: The effect of controlled paced breathing
Authors: Melo Hiago M. , Martins Thiago C. , Nascimento Lucas M. , Hoeller Alexandre A. , Walz Roger , Takase Emílio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have reported that Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indices remain reliable even during recordings shorter than 5 min, suggesting the ultra‐short recording method as a valuable tool for autonomic assessment. However, the minimum time‐epoch to obtain a reliable record for all HRV domains (time, frequency, and Poincare geometric measures), as well as the effect of respiratory rate on the reliability of these indices remains unknown.MethodsTwenty volunteers had their HRV recorded in a seated position during spontaneous and controlled respiratory rhythms. HRV intervals with 1, 2, and 3 min were correlated with the gold standard period (6‐min duration) and the mean values of all indices were compared in the two respiratory rhythm conditions.ResultsrMSSD and SD1 were more reliable for recordings with ultra‐short duration at all time intervals (r values from 0.764 to 0.950, p < 0.05) for spontaneous breathing condition, whereas the other indices require longer recording time to obtain reliable values. The controlled breathing rhythm evokes stronger r values for time domain indices (r values from 0.83 to 0.99, p < 0.05 for rMSSD), but impairs the mean values replicability of domains across most time intervals. Although the use of standardized breathing increases the correlations coefficients, all HRV indices showed an increase in mean values (t values from 3.79 to 14.94, p < 0.001) except the RR and HF that presented a decrease (t = 4.14 and 5.96, p < 0.0001).ConclusionOur results indicate that proper ultra‐short‐term recording method can provide a quick and reliable source of cardiac autonomic nervous system assessment.
Assessment of acetabular version in total hip arthroplasty: an application of Widmer's technique in a regional setting
Authors: Trieu Jason , Hadden Alexandra E. F. , Sutherland Alasdair G. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAcetabular prosthesis positioning in total hip arthroplasty is important in reducing the risk of dislocation. Assessment of version by computed tomography scan is expensive and involves a large radiation dose. We wished to assess the value of Widmer's technique, utilizing readily available radiographs, to determine cup anteversion.MethodsPatients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty by the senior author (AGS) at a single regional hospital over a 5‐year period were eligible for inclusion. Measurements were performed using the technique described by Widmer, utilizing standard post‐operative radiographs. Statistical analysis was undertaken in SPSS v22. Significance was accepted at P < 0.05.ResultsAssessment included 109 hips in 99 patients; 63 hips with cemented cups and 46 hips with uncemented cups. Mean acetabular anteversion in the cemented group was 11.9° (0–27.7, SD: 7) and in the uncemented group was 14.1° (10.3–32.7, SD: 7.1); this difference trended towards statistical significance (P = 0.09). Test–retest measurements showed high degree of correlation (Pearson test: 0.927, P < 0.001). There were 96 of 109 hips positioned in the Lewinnek safe zone of 5–25° anteversion. The crude dislocation rate in our cohort was 6.4% (7 of 109 hips) with all dislocations occurring in hips placed in the safe zone.ConclusionWidmer's technique is a reliable method for calculating acetabular version in a regional hospital setting and offers the individual surgeon a ready technique of personal quality control. Cup version was not a significant factor contributing to dislocation rates in our series.
Comparative assessment of intraocular inflammation following standard or heavy silicone oil tamponade: a prospective study
Authors: Semeraro Francesco , Russo Andrea , Morescalchi Francesco , Gambicorti Elena , Vezzoli Sara , Parmeggiani Francesco , Romano Mario R. , Costagliola Ciro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the inflammation associated with the use of standard silicone oil (polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS) and heavy silicone oil (HSO) Densiron‐68™ in patients undergoing vitrectomy for retinal detachment.Materials and MethodsA prospective study was performed involving 35 patients scheduled to undergo vitrectomy for retinal detachment. Patients received PDMS or Densiron‐68™ HSO according to superior or inferior retinal localization of the tears, respectively. For assessing the inflammation, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) levels were evaluated in the aqueous.ResultsThirty‐five eyes of 35 patients completed the study: 20 eyes received HSO, and 15 eyes received PDMS. The mean aqueous PGE2 level was significantly higher in HSO patients than in PDMS patients (869.16 ± 242.83 pg/ml versus 369.38 ± 209.7 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.0001). The mean aqueous IL‐1α level was also significantly higher in HSO patients than in PDMS patients (81.40 ± 36.9 pg/ml versus 40.8 ± 32.5 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.002). In HSO, a moderate positive correlation between the endotamponade duration and both PGE2 (r = 0.44; p = 0.05) and IL‐1α (r = 0.48; p = 0.033) levels was observed. In PDMS, a strong positive correlation between the endotamponade duration and both PGE2 (r = 0.89; p < 0.0001) and IL‐1α (r = 0.68; p = 0.006) levels was observed.ConclusionAlthough both HSO and PDMS yielded favourable success rates in the surgical treatment of complicated retinal detachments, HSO triggered a more severe inflammatory reaction, in a time‐dependent manner.
Extrauterine growth restriction was associated with short stature and thinness in very low birthweight infants at around six years of age
Authors: Takayanagi Toshimitsu , Shichijo Akinori , Egashira Masakazu , Egashira Tomoko , Mizukami Tomoko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThe effect that intrauterine or extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) had on the build of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants was investigated before Japanese children started school.MethodBetween 2005 and 2017, the National Hospital Organization, Saga, Japan, carried out preschool checks on 322 children born with a VLBW at approximately six years of age. Growth restriction was defined as being born small for gestational age (SGA) or EUGR if they were born at term. The prevalence of short stature, thinness and obesity was determined, and associations between SGA or EUGR and subsequent body build were investigated.ResultsIn this study, 77 of 322 (23.9%) infants were SGA and 153 of 322 (47.5%) were EUGR: 14 of 77 (18.2%) SGA infants caught up in growth to the 169 non‐EUGR infants, while 90 of 245 (36.7%) appropriate for gestational age infants subsequently demonstrated EUGR. There were 38 (11.8%) short stature, 38 (11.8%) thin and six (1.9%) obese subjects in the total cohort and growth hormone deficiencies in nine (2.8%) cases. We found significant associations between EUGR and both short stature and thinness.ConclusionExtrauterine growth restriction was significantly associated with short stature and thinness in VLBW infants at around six years, irrespective of the degree of SGA.
Senescence mirrors the extent of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Wandrer F. , Han B. , Liebig S. , Schlue J. , Manns M. P. , Schulze‐Osthoff K. , Bantel H. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundChronic viral hepatitis is linked to fibrotic liver injury that can progress to liver cirrhosis with its associated complications. Recent evidence suggests a role of senescence in liver fibrosis, although the senescence regulators contributing to fibrosis progression remain unclear.AimTo investigate the role of senescence and different senescence markers for fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.MethodsThe expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p21, p27 and p16 as well as the senescence markers p‐HP1γ and γ‐H2AX was analysed in liver tissue with different fibrosis stages. Senescence‐associated chitotriosidase activity was measured in sera of HCV patients (n = 61) and age‐matched healthy individuals (n = 22).ResultsWe found a remarkable up‐regulation of the cell cycle inhibitors and senescence markers in chronic HCV infection compared to healthy liver tissue. Liver tissue with relevant fibrosis stages (F2‐3) or cirrhosis (F4) revealed a significant increase in senescent cells compared to livers with no or minimal fibrosis (F0‐1). In cirrhotic livers, a significantly higher number of p‐HP1γ, p21 and p27 positive cells was detected compared to liver tissue with F2‐3 fibrosis. Importantly, we identified T‐cells as the dominant cell type contributing to increased senescence during fibrosis progression. Compared to healthy individuals, serum chitotriosidase was significantly elevated and correlated with histological fibrosis stages and liver stiffness as assessed by transient elastography.ConclusionsSenescence of hepatic T‐cells is enhanced in chronic viral hepatitis and increases with fibrosis progression. Serological detection of senescence‐associated chitotriosidase might allow for the non‐invasive detection of relevant fibrosis stages.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of DWP14012, a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker, in healthy male subjects
Authors: Sunwoo J. , Oh J. , Moon S. J. , Ji S. C. , Lee S. H. , Yu K.‐S. , Kim H. S. , Lee A. , Jang I.‐J. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundA novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker, DWP14012, is in clinical development as a potential alternative to proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of acid‐related diseases.AimsTo evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of DWP14012 in humans.MethodsA randomised, double‐blind, double‐dummy, placebo‐ and active‐controlled, single‐ and multiple‐ascending dose (SAD and MAD, respectively) study was conducted in healthy male subjects without Helicobacter pylori infection. Subjects randomly received a single oral dose of 10‐320 mg DWP14012, esomeprazole (active comparator) or placebo in the SAD study (n = 72) and once daily doses of 20‐160 mg DWP14012, esomeprazole or placebo for 7 days in the MAD study (n = 48; 8:2:2). Tolerability was evaluated using a microRNA‐122 assay. Pharmacodynamics were evaluated through 24‐hour gastric pH monitoring, and pharmacokinetics were evaluated plasma and urine DWP14012 concentrations.ResultsDWP14012 was generally well tolerated. The liver toxicity of DWP14012 was not higher than that of placebo after multiple oral administrations. DWP14012 showed rapid and sustained suppression of gastric acid secretion for 24 hours after dosing. Clear dose‐response and exposure‐response relationships were observed. Plasma concentrations of DWP14012 increased in a dose‐proportional manner in the MAD study, whereas in the SAD study, DWP14012 did not significantly accumulate in the plasma.ConclusionsDWP14012 was well tolerated, and showed a rapid and long‐lasting gastric acid suppression effect in healthy subjects. These results justify further investigation of DWP14012 in patients with acid‐related disorders.
Symptom relief and anejaculation after aquablation or transurethral resection of the prostate: subgroup analysis from a blinded randomized trial
Authors: Plante Mark , Gilling Peter , Barber Neil , Bidair Mohamed , Anderson Paul , Sutton Mark , Aho Tev , Kramolowsky Eugene , Thomas Andrew , Cowan Barrett , Kaufman Ronald P. , Trainer Andrew , Arther Andrew , Badlani Gopal , Desai Mihir , Doumanian Leo , Te Alexis E. , DeGuenther Mark , Roehrborn Claus 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) robotic surgery with aquablation would have a more pronounced benefit in certain patient subgroups, such as men with more challenging anatomies (e.g. large prostates, large middle lobes) and men with moderate BPH.MethodsWe conducted prespecified and post hoc exploratory subgroup analyses from a double‐blind, multicentre prospective randomized controlled trial that compared transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) using either standard electrocautery vs surgery using robotic waterjet (aquablation) to determine whether certain baseline factors predicted more marked responses after aquablation as compared with TURP. The primary efficacy endpoint was reduction in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) at 6 months. The primary safety endpoint was the occurrence of Clavien–Dindo persistent grade 1 or grade ≥2 surgical complications.ResultsFor men with larger prostates (50–80 g), the mean IPSS reduction was four points greater after aquablation than after TURP (P = 0.001), a larger difference than the overall result (1.8 points; P = 0.135). Similarly, the primary safety endpoint difference (20% vs 46% [26% difference]; P = 0.008) was greater for men with large prostate compared with the overall result (26% vs 42% [16% difference]; P = 0.015). Postoperative anejaculation was also less common after aquablation compared with TURP in sexually active men with large prostates (2% vs 41%; P < 0.001) vs the overall results (10% vs 36%; P < 0.001). Exploratory analysis showed larger IPSS changes after aquablation in men with enlarged middle lobes, men with severe middle lobe obstruction, men with a low baseline maximum urinary flow rate, and men with elevated (>100) post‐void residual urine volume.ConclusionsIn men with moderate‐to‐severe lower urinary tract symptoms attributable to BPH and larger, more complex prostates, aquablation was associated with both superior symptom score improvements and a superior safety profile, with a significantly lower rate of postoperative anejaculation. The standardized, robotically executed, surgical approach with aquablation may overcome the increased outcome variability in more complex anatomy, resulting in superior symptom score reduction.
Children's Developing Descriptions and Judgments of Pretending
Authors: Sobel David M. , Letourneau Susan M. 
Published: June 2018

Two studies investigated 4‐ to 7‐year‐olds’ knowledge about pretending. In Study 1, children (N = 66) defined pretending and described examples of own and others’ pretending. In Study 2, children (N = 52) defined pretending and then completed a battery of measures that examined their understanding that pretending involved mental states. In Study 1, older children articulated more defining features of pretending than younger children. When describing how they or others pretended, children focused on action or appearance, regardless of whether they had included more defining features in their definitions of pretending. In Study 2, the more defining features children articulated, the better their performance on the battery. We discuss the implications of these data for the role of pretending in children's developing theory of mind.
Mitoxantrone treatment in a patient with multiple sclerosis and pattern III lesions
Authors: Grüter Thomas , Metz Imke , Gahlen Anna , Kneiphof Janina , Stork Lidia , Brück Wolfgang , Gold Ralf , Kleiter Ingo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundBrain biopsies of multiple sclerosis patients identified three intraindividually stable lesion patterns. Apart from beneficial effects of plasma exchange in patients with type II lesions, little is known about how multiple sclerosis lesion histology could guide therapeutic decisions.Case presentationHere, we report on a 53‐year‐old male patient with polysymptomatic cerebral syndrome as the first episode of multiple sclerosis. Brain biopsy showed an inflammatory demyelinating lesion with apoptotic oligodendrocytes and a loss of myelin‐associated glycoprotein, pathological features typical for pattern III lesions. High‐dose steroids and immunosuppressive treatment with mitoxantrone led to a substantial improvement of disability and long‐term clinical stability.ConclusionMitoxantrone therapy along with steroid pulses could potentially be considered as a therapeutic option for pattern III lesions.
Alcohol use, aquatic injury, and unintentional drowning: A systematic literature review
Authors: Hamilton Kyra , Keech Jacob J. , Peden Amy E. , Hagger Martin S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIssuesDrowning is a global public health issue, and there is a strong association between alcohol and risk of drowning. No previous systematic review known to date has identified factors associated with alcohol use and engagement in aquatic activities resulting in injury or drowning (fatal and non‐fatal).ApproachLiterature published from inception until 31 January 2017 was reviewed. Included articles were divided into three categories: (i) prevalence and/or risk factors for alcohol‐related fatal and non‐fatal drowning and aquatic injury, (ii) understanding alcohol use and aquatic activities, and (iii) prevention strategies. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Level of Evidence and risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scales.Key FindingsIn total, 74 studies were included (57 on prevalence and/or risk factors, 15 on understanding alcohol use, and two on prevention strategies). Prevalence rates for alcohol involvement in fatal and non‐fatal drowning varied greatly. Males, boating, not wearing lifejackets, and swimming alone (at night, and at locations without lifeguards) were risk factors for alcohol‐related drowning. No specific age groups were consistently identified as being at risk. Study quality was consistently low, and risk of bias was consistently high across studies. Only two studies evaluated prevention strategies.ImplicationsThere is a need for higher quality studies and behavioural basic and applied research to better understand and change this risky behaviour.ConclusionOn average, 49.46% and 34.87% of fatal and non‐fatal drownings, respectively, involved alcohol, with large variations among studies observed.