bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Alkylation of N‐Arylhydrazones Derived from α‐Keto Esters and Isatin Derivatives through Asymmetric Phase‐Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Kang Qi‐Kai , Selvakumar Sermadurai , Arumugam Natarajan , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Kumar Raju Suresh , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe phase‐transfer‐catalyzed asymmetric alkylation reactions of N‐arylhydrazones derived from α‐keto‐esters and isatin derivatives afford enantioenriched azo compounds that bear a tetra‐substituted carbon stereocenter in good yields with high chemo‐ and enantioselectivity. The alkylation products can be readily converted into chiral amino esters, hydrazine derivatives, and aza‐β‐lactams without loss of enantiopurity.
Drainage network reorganization affecting the Nene and Welland catchments of eastern England as a result of a late Middle Pleistocene glacial advance
Authors: Langford Harry E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBritain's latitude is critical for determining the southerly extent of western European ice sheet expansion. Palaeoclimate and palaeosea‐level reconstruction in Britain, however, is complicated by spatially discontinuous glacigenic deposits and genetic and stratigraphic interpretations have relied on their lithological characteristics. This study adopted a sedimentary facies approach combined with geomorphological analyses for investigating upper Middle Pleistocene deposits in two adjacent catchments: Nene and Welland. Detailed sedimentology determined not only genesis of ice‐contact (Welland) and glaciolacustrine (Nene) deposits but also provided insight on lake surface water levels. The ice‐contact deposits recorded a constant lake level at the same height as alluvial remnants upstream in the Welland valley. These alluvial remnants are located where present tributaries join the Welland, indicating they were formed where influent streams entered a former lake and therefore can be interpreted as fluvial terraces resulting from local baselevel rise. The glaciolacustrine deposits in the Nene valley recorded fluctuating lake levels, indicating that altitudinally separated sand and gravel bodies coincident with these fluctuations and located where influent streams entered the lake also can be interpreted as fluvial terraces, but resulting from fluctuating baselevel. Sand and gravel bodies at the southern end of a dry valley linking the two catchments are interpreted as alluvial fan remnants, and those occurring on interfluves downstream of the alluvial fan remnants as flood deposits emanating from lake overflow. This drainage reorganization probably occurred in marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 8, but the ice advance footprint is different to that in MI 6.
Mito‐nuclear discordance across a recent contact zone for California voles
Authors: Lin Dana , Bi Ke , Conroy Christopher J. , Lacey Eileen A. , Schraiber Joshua G. , Bowie Rauri C. K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo examine the processes that maintain genetic diversity among closely related taxa, we investigated the dynamics of introgression across a contact zone between two lineages of California voles (Microtus californicus). We tested the prediction that introgression of nuclear loci would be greater than that for mitochondrial loci, assuming ongoing gene flow across the contact zone. We also predicted that genomic markers would show a mosaic pattern of differentiation across this zone, consistent with genomes that are semi‐permeable. Using mitochondrial cytochromebsequences and genome‐wide loci developed via ddRAD‐seq, we analyzed genetic variation for 10 vole populations distributed along the central California coast; this transect included populations from within the distributions of both parental lineages as well as the putative contact zone. Our analyses revealed that (1) the two lineages examined are relatively young, having diverged ca. 8.5–54 kya, (2) voles from the contact zone in Santa Barbara County did not include F1 or early generation backcrossed individuals, and (3) there appeared to be little to no recurrent gene flow across the contact zone. Introgression patterns for mitochondrial and nuclear markers were not concordant; only mitochondrial markers revealed evidence of introgression, putatively due to historical hybridization. These differences in genetic signatures are intriguing given that the contact zone occurs in a region of continuous vole habitat, with no evidence of past or present physical barriers. Future studies that examine specific isolating mechanisms, such as microhabitat use and mate choice, will facilitate our understanding of how genetic boundaries are maintained in this system.
Selection of the sex‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis in mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) driven by enhanced expression during early overwintering
Authors: Horianopoulos Linda C. , Boone Celia K. , Samarasekera G. D. N. Gayathri , Kandola Gurkirat K. , Murray Brent W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is an insect native to western North America; however, its geographical range has recently expanded north in BC and east into Alberta. To understand the population structure in the areas of expansion, 16 gene‐linked microsatellites were screened and compared to neutral microsatellites using outlier analyses of Fst and Fct values. One sex‐linked gene, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP), showed a strong signature of positive selection for neo‐X alleles and was analyzed for evidence of adaptive variation. Alleles of IAP were sequenced, and differences between the neo‐X and neo‐Y alleles were consistent with neutral evolution suggesting that the neo‐Y allele may not be under functional constraints. Neo‐Y alleles were amplified from gDNA, but not effectively from cDNA, suggesting that there was little IAP expression from neo‐Y alleles. There were no differences in overall IAP expression between males and females with the common northern neo‐X allele suggesting that the neo‐X allele in males compensates for the reduced expression of neo‐Y alleles. However, males lacking the most common northern neo‐X allele thought to be selected for in northern populations had reduced overall IAP expression in early October—at a time when beetles are preparing for overwintering. This suggests that the most common allele may have more rapid upregulation. The reduced function of neo‐Y alleles of IAP suggested by both sequence differences and lower levels of expression may foster a highly selective environment for neo‐X alleles such as the common northern allele with more efficient upregulation.
Unique maternal and environmental effects on the body morphology of the Least Killifish, Heterandria formosa
Authors: Landy J Alex , Travis Joseph 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn important step in diagnosing local adaptation is the demonstration that phenotypic variation among populations is at least in part genetically based. To do this, many methods experimentally minimize the environmental effect on the phenotype to elucidate the genetic effect. Minimizing the environmental effect often includes reducing possible environmental maternal effects. However, maternal effects can be an important factor in patterns of local adaptation as well as adaptive plasticity. Here, we report the results of an experiment with males from two populations of the poeciliid fish, Heterandria formosa, designed to examine the relative influence of environmental maternal effects and environmental effects experienced during growth and development on body morphology, and, in addition, whether the balance among those effects is unique to each population. We used a factorial design that varied thermal environment and water chemistry experienced by mothers and thermal environment and water chemistry experienced by offspring. We found substantial differences between the two populations in their maternal and offspring norms of reaction of male body morphology to differences in thermal environment and water chemistry. We also found that the balance between maternal effects and postparturition environmental effects differed from one thermal regime to another and among traits. These results indicate that environmental maternal effects can be decidedly population‐specific and, as a result, might either contribute to the appearance of or blur evidence for local adaptation. These results also suggest that local adaptation might also occur through the evolution of maternal norms of reaction to important, and varying, environmental factors.
Warming delays the phenological sequences of an autumn‐flowering invader
Authors: Peng Yang , Yang Jian‐Xia , Zhou Xiao‐Hui , Peng Pei‐Hao , Li Jing‐Ji , He Wei‐Ming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhenology can play an important role in driving plant invasions; however, little is known about how climate warming, nitrogen (N) deposition, and invasion stages influence the phenological sequences of autumn‐flowering invaders in a subtropical climate. Accordingly, we conducted an experiment to address the effects of experimental warming, N‐addition, and community types on the first inflorescence buds, flowering, seed‐setting, and dieback of invasive Solidago canadensis. Warming delayed the onset of first inflorescence buds, flowering, seed‐setting, and dieback; N‐addition did not influence these four phenophases; community types influenced the onset of first seed‐setting but not the other phenological phases. Seed‐setting was more sensitive to experimental manipulations than the other phenophases. The onset of first inflorescence buds, flowering, and seed‐setting was marginally or significantly correlated with ramet height but not ramet numbers. Our results suggest that future climate warming might delay the phenological sequences of autumn‐flowering invaders and some phenophases can shift with invasion stages.
Parathyroid hormone‐related peptide activates and modulates TRPV1 channel in human DRG neurons
Authors: Shepherd A.J. , Mickle A.D. , McIlvried L.A. , Gereau R.W. , Mohapatra D.P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractParathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP) is associated with advanced tumor growth and metastasis, especially in breast, prostate and myeloma cancers that metastasize to bones, resulting in debilitating chronic pain conditions. Our recent studies revealed that the receptor for PTHrP, PTH1R, is expressed in mouse DRG sensory neurons, and its activation leads to flow‐activation and modulation of TRPV1 channel function, resulting in peripheral heat and mechanical hypersensitivity. In order to verify the translatability of our findings in rodents to humans, we explored whether this signalling axis operates in primary human DRG sensory neurons. Analysis of gene expression data from recently reported RNA deep sequencing experiments performed on mouse and human DRGs reveals that PTH1R is expressed in DRG and tibial nerve. Furthermore, exposure of cultured human DRG neurons to PTHrP leads to slow‐sustained activation of TRPV1 and modulation of capsaicin‐induced channel activation. Both activation and modulation of TRPV1 by PTHrP were dependent on PKC activity. Our findings suggest that functional PTHrP/PTH1R‐TRPV1 signalling exists in human DRG neurons, which could contribute to local nociceptor excitation in the vicinity of metastatic bone tumor microenvironment.
Clast abrasion of a rock shore platform on the Atlantic coast of Ireland
Authors: Cullen Niamh Danielle , Bourke Mary Carol 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe abrasion of coastal rock platforms by individual or clusters of clasts during transport has not been quantitatively assessed. We present a study which identifies the types of abrasion and quantifies erosion due to the transport of clasts during three storms in February and March 2016. We explore relationships between platform roughness, determined by the fractal dimension (D) of the topographic profiles, geomorphic controls and the type and frequency of abrasion feature observed. Clast transport experiments were undertaken in conjunction with the measurement of wave energy to assess transport dynamics under summer and winter (non‐storm) conditions.Platform abrasion occurred extensively during the storms. We identify two types of clast abrasion trails: simple and complex. In addition, we find two forms of erosion occur on these trails: Scratch marks and Percussion marks. An estimated 13.6 m2 of the platform surface was eroded by clast abrasion on simple abrasion trails during the three storms. We attribute approximately two thirds of this to scratch‐type abrasion. The total volume of material removed by abrasion was 67 808 cm3. Despite the larger surface area affected by scratch marks, we find that the volume of material removed through percussion impact was almost seven times greater. We also find that the type and frequency of abrasion features is strongly influenced by the effect of platform morphometry on transport mode, with impact‐type abrasion dominating areas of higher platform roughness. Results of the clast transport experiments indicate that abrasion occurs under non‐storm wave energy conditions with observable geomorphological effects. We suggest that abrasion by clasts is an important component of platform erosion on high energy Atlantic coastlines, particularly over longer timescales, and that the morphogenetic link between the cliff and the platform is important in this context as the sediment supplied by the cliff is used to abrade the platform. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the relative dominance of wave erosion and weathering processes in shore platform development in micro‐ to mega‐tidal settings
Authors: Matsumoto Hironori , Dickson Mark E. , Kench Paul S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper we use a numerical model to explore the relative dominance of two main processes in shore platform development: wave erosion; weathering due to wetting and drying. The modelling approach differs from previous work in several aspects, including: the way that it accounts for weathering arising from gradual surficial intertidal rock degradation; subtidal profile shape development; and the consideration of a broad erosion parameter space in which, at either end of the erosion spectrum, shore platform profiles are produced by waves or weathering alone. Results show that in micro‐tidal settings, wave erosion dominates the evolution of (i) shore platforms that become largely subtidal and (ii) sub‐horizontal shore platforms that have a receding seaward edge. Weathering processes dominate the evolution of sub‐horizontal shore platforms with a stable seaward edge. In contrast, sloping shore platforms in mega‐tidal settings are produced across the full range of the process‐dominance spectrum depending on the how the erosional efficacy of wave erosion and weathering are parameterized. Morphological feedbacks control the process‐dominance. In small tidal environments wave processes are strongly controlled by the presence/absence of an abrupt seaward edge, but this influence is much smaller in large tidal environments due to larger water depths particularly at high tides. In large tidal environments, similar shore platform profile geometries can be produced by either wave‐dominant or weathering‐dominant process regimes. Equifinality in shore platform development has been noted in other studies, but mainly in the context of smaller‐scale (centimetre to metre) erosion features. Here we draw attention to geomorphic equifinality at the scale of the shore platform itself. Progress requires a greater understanding of the actual mechanics of the process regimes operating on shore platforms. However, this paper makes a substantial contribution to the debate by identifying the physical conditions that allow clear statements about process dominance. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of erosion intensity in the Jingjiang reach influenced by the Three Gorges Dam
Authors: Han Jianqiao , Sun Zhaohua , Li Yitian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractElucidation of the fluvial processes influenced by dams provides better understanding of river protection and basin management. However, less attention has been given to the erosion intensity distribution of riverbeds and its association with channel morphology and hydrological conditions. Based on hydrological and topographic data, the spatial and temporal distributions of erosion intensity (2002–2014) influenced by the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) were analyzed for the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River. The mechanisms underlying the distribution of erosion intensity in response to hydrological conditions were investigated. The results are as follows: (1) The erosion intensities of different discharges were not uniform, and moderate flow (10 000–27 000 m3/s) produced the largest erosion magnitude among all flow ranges. Owing to the hydrological changes caused by flood reduction and prolongation of moderate flow duration after the TGD began operating, up to 70% of the erosion amount was caused by moderate flows. (2) The lateral distribution of erosion intensity was extremely uneven, as the proportion of cumulative erosion of the low‐flow channel within the bankfull channel reached 88% in 2013. This caused the channel to become narrower and deeper. (3) The longitudinal distribution of erosion intensity was inhomogeneous. The erosion intensity in the wide reaches was greater than that in the narrow reaches, leading to smaller differences in channel morphology along the river. (4) Changes in hydrological conditions influenced by the TGD, significant reduction of sediment concentration along with flood abatement, and increased duration of moderate flow discharges were the main factors affecting erosion distribution in the post‐dam period. Our conclusions can be applied to the Yangtze River as a basis for riverbed change estimations, and river management strategies. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Description of soil micro‐topography and fractional wetted area under runoff using fractal dimensions
Authors: García‐Serrana María , Gulliver John S. , Nieber John L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the connections between the micro‐topography of a surface and the patterns of shallow overland flow is important to the study of runoff and infiltration processes. In slopes with micro‐topographic features parallel to the flow, water tends to concentrate in channels and only a fraction of the slope contributes to the overland flow. This study aimed to formulate the relevance of the fractal approach for understanding the relation of surface roughness to overland flow patterns. Laboratory experiments of simulated runoff over a bare soil slope were used to test the efficacy of two fractal parameters (fractal dimension [FD] and vertical intercept [VIC] from the Fourier power spectrum method) to describe how main surface micro‐topographic features can influence runoff, infiltration and erosion processes.The fractal parameters behaved differently for the distinctive initial surface treatments (smooth, three rills, and five rills). The anisotropy of the surface was evident based on the change of the fractal parameters with direction. The rose plots of the fractal parameters provided important information about the magnitude of the concentrated flow erosion of a surface and its main direction; in the direction perpendicular to the rills, the FD values were lower and the VIC greater. The minimum FD decreased and the maximum VIC increased with runoff time.A linear relationship between the infiltration depth and the percentage of wetted area was observed. Furthermore, a relationship between the fraction of wetted area and the fractal parameters has been developed, indicating that vertical variations (VIC) in roughness had more impact on fraction of wetted area than horizontal variations (FD) of the surface. Finally, a decrease in the minimum FD and an increase in the maximum VIC were related to greater scour volumes. The scour volume of an initially smooth surface seems to be well‐represented by a power relationship with the maximum VIC. By defining indicators of rill erosion and associating them with flow patterns through these fractal parameters, a better description of shallow overland flow can be achieved. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Efficient Water Harvesting with Optimized Solar Thermal Membrane Distillation Device
Authors: Xue Guobin , Chen Qian , Lin Shizhe , Duan Jiangjiang , Yang Peihua , Liu Kang , Li Jia , Zhou Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWater distillation with solar thermal technology could be one of the most promising way to address the global freshwater scarcity, with its low cost and minimum environmental impacts. However, the low liquid water productivity, which is caused by the heat loss and inadequate heat utilization in solar‐thermal conversion process, hinders its practical application. Here, a compact solar‐thermal membrane distillation system with three structure features: highly localized solar‐thermal heating, effective cooling strategy, and recycling the latent heat, is proposed. The steam generation rate is 0.98 kg m−2 h−1 under solar illumination of 1 kW m−2 in the open system, while the liquid water productivity could be 1.02 kg m−2 h−1 with the solar efficiency up to 72% with a two‐level device. The outdoor experiments show a water productivity of 3.67 kg m−2 with salt rejection over 99.75% in one cloudy day. These results demonstrate an easy and high‐efficiency way for water distillation, especially suitable for household solar water purification.
Mitigating Reasons for the Poor Performance of n‐CdS/p‐SnS Solar Cells
Authors: Gupta Yashika , Ravikant Chhaya , Palakkandy Arun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the present work, indium tin oxide (ITO)/n‐CdS/p‐SnS/Au structured solar cells are fabricated with best conversion efficiency of 0.005%. A detailed investigation is made into the cause of the poor conversion efficiency and the cause is narrowed down to defects in p‐SnS which effect the junction and the neutral region of the cell. The junctions performance is quantified using the ideality factor which is found to be related to the band misalignment. The paper also investigates into literature and discusses efforts made to overcome the problems with this structure.
The interface between the EGF1 and EGF2 domains is critical in integrin affinity regulation
Authors: Hu Ping , Luo Bing‐Hao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt has been proposed that integrins adopt a bent, closed conformation with low ligand binding capability at resting state and switch into an extended, open conformation upon activation or interacting with extracellular matrix (ECM) ligand. In this study, we addressed how integrin conformational change at the β genu affects ligand binding and signaling. We discovered that swapping of the β3 epidermal growth factor‐like (EGF) domain 1 and 2 with that of β8 greatly promoted ligand binding in β3β8 chimeras. Sequence alignment indicated that β8 integrin uniquely lacks the interface between the EGF1 and 2. Disrupting this interface of the β3 integrin increased integrin ligand binding. Furthermore, the interface is critical for integrin affinity regulation but not downstream outside‐in signaling.
Travelling the circle together, solo: An individual protocol for the Circle of Security intensive intervention
Authors: Andrews Ellen , Coyne Joe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCircle of Security (COS) is an approach to help parents better understand the attachment needs of their children. The COS model, which began as an intensive, individualized intervention delivered in the context of a group, has been implemented in a variety of formats, including a DVD‐based format (Circle of Security Parenting [COS‐P]). This article presents a return to the original intensive intervention, adapted to be delivered in an individual therapy context and incorporating clips from COS‐P. This approach emphasizes the importance of retaining video review within this intervention, showing the client directly interacting with his or her own child. The application of this hybrid format is demonstrated through the case of a mother and 5‐year‐old child presenting with difficulty negotiating separations.