bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bootstrap Prediction Intervals for Small Area Means from Unit-Level Nonlinear Models
Authors: Erciulescu Andreea L , Fuller Wayne A 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
For analyses based on nonlinear models, agencies and policy makers are often interested in prediction intervals for small area means. We give statistics for small area predictions that can be used to construct prediction intervals in the same way that standard errors and degrees of freedom are used to construct prediction intervals based on the Student-t distribution. In a simulation study, the new parametric bootstrap prediction interval has good coverage properties and much better coverage than the bootstrap percentile prediction interval. The methods are applied in a study of soil erosion and water runoff conducted by the US Department of Agriculture.
Mobilization of the Anterior/Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery on the Cerebellar Surface in Microvascular Decompression Surgery for Hemifacial Spasm: Potential Effect on Hearing Preservation
Authors: Amagasaki Kenichi , Watanabe Saiko , Hosono Atushi , Nakaguchi Hiroshi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The infrafloccular approach in microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS) reduces the risk of postoperative hearing impairment. However, location of the anterior/posterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA/PICA) on the cerebellar surface in the surgical route requires mobilization to maintain the approach direction for the protection of hearing function.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of mobilization of the AICA/PICA on the cerebellar surface in the surgical route.

METHODS
Retrospective review of 101 patients dividing their cases into 2 groups, the mobilized group and nonmobilized group. Surgical results, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), age, and duration of microsurgery were compared. In the mobilized group, whether the artery was responsible for the HFS or not, and whether the artery branched perforators to the cerebellar surface or choroid plexus or not, were analyzed.

RESULTS
No permanent hearing impairment occurred in any patient. The AICA/PICA was mobilized in 26 patients. No significant difference was found in surgical results, BAEP findings, and duration of microsurgery between the 2 groups, but age was younger in the mobilized group (P < .01). The mobilized artery was responsible in 14 cases and branched perforators in 7 cases in the mobilized group. The perforators did not obstruct mobilization.

CONCLUSION
Mobilization of the AICA/PICA from the cerebellar surface is a useful technique to maintain the infrafloccular approach in MVD for HFS. This technique reduces the risk of postoperative hearing impairment.
A 4-year randomized trial comparing three outreach interventions to promote screening mammograms
Authors: Luckmann Roger , Costanza Mary E , White Mary Jo , Frisard Christine F , Rosal Milagros , Sama Susan , Landry Michelle R , Yood Robert 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
As population health has become a focus of health care payers and providers, interest has grown in mail, phone, and other forms of outreach for improving population rates of cancer screening. Translational research is needed to compare the effectiveness and cost of low- and high-intensity behavioral outreach interventions for promoting cancer screening. The purpose of the article is to compare the effectiveness in promoting biannual mammograms of three interventions delivered over 4 years to a primary care population with a high baseline mammography adherence of 83.3%. We randomized women aged 40–84 to reminder letter only (LO arm), letter + reminder call (RC arm), and two letters + counseling call (CC arm) involving tailored education and motivational interviewing. Mammography adherence (≥1 mammogram in the previous 24 months) at four time points was determined from insurance claims records. Over 4 years, 30,162 women were randomized. At the end of 4 years, adherence was highest in the RC arm (83.0%) compared with CC (80.8%) and LO (80.8%) arms (p = .03). Only 23.5% of women in the CC arm were reached and accepted full counseling. The incremental cost per additional mammogram for RC arm women was $30.45 over the LO arm cost. A simple reminder call can increase screening mammogram adherence even when baseline adherence is high. Some more complex behavioral interventions delivered by mail and phone as in this study may be less effective, due to limited participation of patients, a focus on ambivalence, lack of follow-up, and other factors.
Shifting and Sharing: Academic Physicians’ Strategies for Navigating Underperformance and Failure
Authors: LaDonna Kori A. , Ginsburg Shiphra , Watling Christopher 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Medical practice is uncertain and complex. Consequently, even outstanding performers will inevitably experience moments of underperformance and failure. Coping relies on insight and resilience. However, how physicians develop and use these skills to navigate struggle remains underexplored. A better understanding may reveal strategies to support both struggling learners and stressed practitioners.

Method
In 2015, 28 academic physicians were interviewed about their experiences with underperformance or failure. Constructivist grounded theory informed data collection and analysis.

Results
Participants’ experiences with struggle ranged from patient errors and academic failures to frequent, smaller moments of interpersonal conflict and work–life imbalance. To buffer impact, participants sometimes shifted their focus to an aspect of their identity where they felt successful. Additionally, although participants perceived that insight develops by acknowledging and reflecting on error, they sometimes deflected blame for performance gaps. More often, participants seemed to accept personal responsibility while simultaneously sharing accountability for underperformance or failure with external forces. Paradoxically, participants perceived learners who used these strategies as lacking in insight.

Conclusions
Participants demonstrated the protective and functional value of distributing responsibility for underperformance and failure. Shifting and sharing may be an element of reflection and resilience; recognizing external factors may provide a way to gain perspective and to preserve the self. However, this strategy challenges educators’ assumptions that learners who deflect are avoiding personal responsibility. The authors’ findings raise questions about what it means to be resilient, and how assumptions about learners’ responses to failure may affect strategies to support underperforming learners.
“Being on Both Sides”: Canadian Medical Students’ Experiences With Disability, the Hidden Curriculum, and Professional Identity Construction
Authors: Stergiopoulos Erene , Fernando Oshan , Martimianakis Maria Athina 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Medical students with disabilities hold firsthand knowledge as health care recipients, yet face barriers to disclosure and support. Their experiences provide a unique lens for understanding professional identity construction; this study explored how disabled medical students experience training as both patients and trainees.

Method
The authors conducted qualitative interviews with 10 medical students at the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine with self-identified disabilities. They performed textual analysis of documents concerning medical student wellness from 13 Canadian universities, including policies, student services, and student blogs (July 2016 to March 2017). Using principles of critical discourse analysis, the authors coded the interviews and texts to identify operating discourses and core themes, drawing from sociocultural theories of professional identity construction and the hidden curriculum.

Results
Two dominant discourses emerged from the interviews and texts, revealing institutionalized notions of the perceived “good student” and “good patient.” These roles held contradictory demands, demonstrating how institutions often implicitly and explicitly framed wellness as a means to optimal academic performance. Two additional themes, “identity compartmentalization” and “identity intersection,” captured students’ experiences navigating identities as patients and trainees. Although students lacked explicit opportunities to express their expertise as patients in the formal curriculum, their experiences in both roles led to improved communication, advocacy, and compassion.

Conclusions
Institutional discourses around disability and academic performance hold material implications for curricular content, clinical teaching, and availability of supports in medical school. By repositioning students’ experiences with disability as sources of expertise, this study highlights opportunities for teaching compassionate care.
Does the Neuroimmune Modulator Ibudilast Alter Food Craving? Results in a Sample With Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Cummings Jenna R. , Tomiyama A. Janet , Ray Lara A. 
Published: May 2018

Objective:
Ibudilast (IBUD) is a neuroimmune modulator that inhibits phosphodiesterase-4 and -10 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor. A randomized, placebo-control, crossover human laboratory trial advanced IBUD development for alcohol use disorder and found that IBUD reduced tonic levels of alcohol craving. Given the importance of considering medication effects on other appetitive behavior, the present study tested the effect of IBUD (50 mg bid) on food craving.

Method:
The present study was a secondary data analysis of the trial of IBUD in non-treatment seekers with alcohol use disorder (N = 19). High-fat/high-sugar food craving was measured daily. Moreover, because substantial literatures show that small alcohol doses and psychological stress increase eating of high-fat/high-sugar food, craving for high-fat/high-sugar food was measured after alcohol infusion and stress reactivity.

Results:
Results indicated that IBUD did not alter tonic high-fat/high-sugar food craving. Alcohol infusion did not generally increase high-fat/high-sugar food craving but psychological stress did. Likewise, IBUD did not affect high-fat/high-sugar food craving after alcohol infusion but IBUD did increase high-fat/high-sugar food craving after psychological stress. Follow-up analyses revealed that, among individuals with lower depressive symptomatology, IBUD compared to placebo heightened the effect of psychological stress on high-fat/high-sugar food craving.

Conclusions:
These results advance the development of IBUD for addiction indications by demonstrating that IBUD compared to placebo does not suppress other appetitive responses, namely craving for high-fat/high-sugar food among individuals with alcohol use disorder.
Staff Nurse Perceptions of Open-Pod and Single Family Room NICU Designs on Work Environment and Patient Care
Authors: Winner-Stoltz Regina , Lengerich Alexander , Hench Anna Jeanine , O'Malley Janet , Kjelland Kimberly , Teal Melissa 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Neonatal intensive care units have historically been constructed as open units or multiple-bed bays, but since the 1990s, the trend has been toward single family room (SFR) units. The SFR design has been found to promote family-centered care and to improve patient outcomes and safety. The impact of the SFR design NICU on staff, however, has been mixed.

Purpose:
The purposes of this study were to compare staff nurse perceptions of their work environments in an open-pod versus an SFR NICU and to compare staff nurse perceptions of the impact of 2 NICU designs on the care they provide for patients/families.

Methods/Search Strategy:
A prospective cohort study was conducted. Questionnaires were completed at 6 months premove and again at 3, 9, and 15 months postmove. A series of 1-way analyses of variance were conducted to compare each group in each of the 8 domains. Open-ended questions were evaluated using thematic analysis.

Findings/Results:
The SFR design is favorable in relation to environmental quality and control of primary workspace, privacy and interruption, unit features supporting individual work, and unit features supporting teamwork; the open-pod design is preferable in relation to walking.

Implications for Practice:
Incorporating design features that decrease staff isolation and walking and ensuring both patient and staff safety and security are important considerations.

Implications for Research:
Further study is needed on unit design at a microlevel including headwall design and human milk mixing areas, as well as on workflow processes.
Motivational Profiles and Motivation for Lifelong Learning of Medical Specialists
Authors: van der Burgt Stéphanie M. E. , Kusurkar Rashmi A. , Wilschut Janneke A. , Tjin A Tsoi Sharon L. N. M. , Croiset Gerda , Peerdeman Saskia M. 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:
Medical specialists face the challenge of maintaining their knowledge and skills and continuing professional development, that is, lifelong learning. Motivation may play an integral role in many of the challenges facing the physician workforce today including maintenance of a high performance. The aim of this study was to determine whether medical specialists show different motivational profiles and if these profiles predict differences in motivation for lifelong learning.

Methods:
An online questionnaire was sent to every medical specialist working in five hospitals in the Netherlands. The questionnaire included the validated Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Lifelong Learning together with background questions like age, gender, and type of hospital. Respondents were grouped into different motivational profiles by using a two-step clustering approach.

Results:
Four motivational profiles were identified: (1) HAMC profile (for High Autonomous and Moderate Controlled motivation), (2) MAMC profile (for Moderate Autonomous and Moderate Controlled motivation), (3) MALC profile (for Moderate Autonomous and Low Controlled motivation), and (4) HALC profile (for High Autonomous and Low Controlled motivation). Most of the female specialists that work in an academic hospital and specialists with a surgical specialty were represented in the HALC profile.

Discussion:
Four motivational profiles were found among medical specialists, differing in gender, experience and type of specialization. The profiles are based on the combination of autonomous motivation (AM) and controlled motivation (CM) in the specialists. The profiles that have a high score on autonomous motivation have a positive association with lifelong learning.
Driving Comparisons Between Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typical Development
Authors: Patrick Kristina E. , Hurewitz Felicia , McCurdy Mark D. , Agate Frederic Taylor , Daly Brian P. , Tarazi Reem A. , Chute Douglas L. , Schultheis Maria T. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are reluctant to pursue driving because of concerns about their ability to drive safely. This study aimed to assess differences in simulated driving performance in young adults with ASD and typical development, examining relationships between driving performance and the level of experience (none, driver's permit, licensed) across increasingly difficult driving environments.

Method:
Participants included 50 English-speaking young adults (16–26 years old) with ASD matched for sex, age, and licensure with 50 typically-developing (TD) peers. Participants completed a structured driving assessment using a virtual-reality simulator that included increasingly complex environmental demands. Differences in mean speed and speed and lane variability by diagnostic group and driving experience were analyzed using multilevel linear modeling.

Results:
Young adults with ASD demonstrated increased variability in speed and lane positioning compared with controls, even during low demand tasks. When driving demands became more complex, group differences were moderated by driving experience such that licensed drivers with ASD drove similarly to TD licensed drivers for most tasks, whereas unlicensed drivers with ASD had more difficulty with speed and lane management than TD drivers.

Conclusion:
Findings suggest that young adults with ASD may have more difficulty with basic driving skills than peers, particularly in the early stages of driver training. Increased difficulty compared with peers increases as driving demands become more complex, suggesting that individuals with ASD may benefit from a slow and gradual approach to driver training. Future studies should evaluate predictors of driving performance, on-road driving, and ASD-specific driving interventions.
High-density poultry operations and community-acquired pneumonia in Pennsylvania
Authors: Poulsen Melissa N. , Pollak Jonathan , Sills Deborah L. , Casey Joan A. , Nachman Keeve E. , Cosgrove Sara E. , Stewart Dalton , Schwartz Brian S. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Air pollution from industrial food animal production may increase vulnerability to pneumonia among individuals living in nearby communities. We evaluated the association between individual-level residential proximity to high-density poultry operations and diagnosis with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods:
We conducted a nested case–control study among patients of a large health system in Pennsylvania, USA. We used diagnostic codes for pneumonia and chest imaging from electronic health records from 2004 to 2015 to identify 11,910 child and adult cases of CAP and 59,550 frequency-matched outpatient controls. We estimated exposure to poultry operations using data from nutrient management plans, calculating an inverse-distance squared activity metric based on operation and residential addresses that incorporated number, size, and location of operations. Mixed effects logistic regression models evaluated associations between quartiles of the activity metric and CAP diagnosis. Models controlled for sex, age, race/ethnicity, Medical Assistance (proxy for low socioeconomic status), and smoking status.

Results:
Individuals living in the highest (versus lowest) quartile of the poultry operation metric had 66% increased odds of CAP diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [confidence interval]) Q2, 0.98 [0.74, 1.31]; Q3, 1.17 [0.93, 1.46]; Q4, 1.66 [1.27, 2.18]).

Conclusions:
Findings suggest that living in closer proximity to more and larger poultry operations may increase risk of CAP, contributing to growing concern regarding public health impacts of industrial food animal production.
Grip Force Control Using Prosthetic and Anatomical Limbs
Authors: Trujillo Michael S. , Russell Daniel M. , Anderson David I. , Mitchell Marilyn 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Skillful object manipulation in various activities of daily living requires accurate and economical modulation of grip force, yet experimental studies investigating grip force using a prosthesis are lacking. The purpose of this study was to compare grip force output between two types of upper-limb prosthetic prehensors. We hypothesized a relationship between grip force output and the muscular tension needed to control the prehensor.

Materials and Methods
Ten able-bodied participants attempted to produce a static target grip force using a voluntary opening and voluntary closing prosthetic simulator and their anatomical hand. The target forces were 0.49 N, 4 N, and 10.5 N. Each target force was produced three times, with and without augmented visual feedback. Performance was evaluated for error and variability.

Results
Using the voluntary closing device resulted in more accuracy and less variability for two of the three grip forces and followed the same trends as the anatomical hand, both of which performed inversely to the voluntary opening device.

Conclusions
Compared with the voluntary opening prosthesis, there may exist a more intuitive compatibility between the muscle tension used to control cable tension of a voluntary closing prosthesis and the resulting grip force of the prehensor that may benefit performance on some tasks.
Function, Applicability, and Properties of a Novel Flexible Total Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis With a Silicone Coated Ball and Socket Joint
Authors: Stoppe Thomas , Bornitz Matthias , Lasurashvili Nikoloz , Sauer Kirsten , Zahnert Thomas , Zaoui Karim , Beleites Thomas 
Published: May 2018

Hypothesis:
A total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) with a silicone coated ball and socket joint (BSJ) is able to compensate pressure changes and therefore provide better sound transmission compared with rigid prostheses.

Background:
Dislocation and extrusion are known complications after TORP reconstruction, leading to revisions and recurrent hearing loss. Poor aeration of the middle ear, scar tension, and static pressure variations in conjunction with rigid prosthesis design causes high tension at the implant coupling points.

Methods:
A novel TORP prototype with a silicone coated BSJ has been developed. Experimental measurements were performed on nine fresh cadaveric human temporal bones of which five were used for a comparison between rigid TORP and flexible TORP tympanoplasty. The middle ear transfer function was measured at ambient pressure and at 2.5 kPa, both positive and negative pressure, applied in the ear canal.

Results:
The flexible TORP design yields a better transmission of sound after implantation and at negative pressure inside the tympanic cavity, compared with rigid TORP. In average, it provides an equivalent sound transfer like the intact middle ear. At positive pressure, the flexible TORP performs slightly worse. Both performed worse than the intact middle ear, which is related to an uplifting of the prostheses.

Conclusion:
The findings may be considered preliminary as this experimental study was limited to just one of the many different possible situations of tympanoplasty and it involved a small sample size. Nevertheless, the results with the flexible TORP were promising and could encourage further investigations on such prostheses.
Giant Temporal Lobe Abscess in a Patient With Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Lapenna Ruggero , Ori Michele , Dehgani Puya Mobaraki , Ricci Giampietro 
Published: May 2018

Objective:
To present the first reported case of a temporal lobe abscess in a patient with ectodermal dysplasia (ED). To increase awareness among neurotologists of the otological manifestations and complications of ED, we describe a conservative approach in comparison with the surgical strategies to repair bony defects of the tegmen tympani.

Study Design:
Clinical capsule report.

Patient:
A 44-year-old man with ED presented with retroauricular pain and high-grade fever after Eustachian tube catheterizations to treat an effusive otitis media. Since many signs indicated meningitis, a computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain was performed, and an extensive intraparenchymal mass was detected. Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) confirmed a brain abscess of the right temporal lobe.

Interventions:
Surgical drainage of the abscess through craniotomy, antimicrobial therapy, and strict follow-up.

Main Outcome Measures:
Clinical symptoms and radiological signs.

Results:
After craniotomy, the antimicrobial therapy was administered for 8 weeks. Postoperative high resolution TC of the petrous bone showed the presence of material with a soft tissue signal in the right middle ear and dehiscent anterior tegmen tympani. The location of the bony defect in association with the good clinical outcome with medical therapy mitigated against a first choice otosurgical approach to repair the dehiscence. Serial MRI scans provided proof of complete remission and no relapse occurred during a 2-year follow-up.

Conclusions:
Patients with ED can present with chronic otitis media and tegmen tympani defects, predisposing them to serious complications. Imaging is mandatory, and the optimum treatment requires assessment of various factors.