bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations of Glossina sp. and trypanosome species frequency within different habitats in a sleeping sickness focus, Gabon
Authors: Mbang Nguema Ornella , Bouyou Akotet Marielle , Mavoungou Jacques , Mawili Mboumba Denise Patricia 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Knowledge of the infectious status of the Glossina is an indicator of risk of resurgence of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). Environmental conditions have an impact on the density and diversity of both vector and Trypanosoma. The aim of the study was to determine the diversity and the infection rate of Glossina as well as the diversity of trypanosome species within habitats of an old HAT focus, in Gabon.
Methodology: Glossina were captured in September 2012 in three ecological sites. Vavoua traps were installed for twelve days. All captured flies were identified. Glossina were selected for trypanosome identification by Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Results: 1178 Glossina were captured: 55.8% in degraded forest, 28.9% in flood area and 15.4% in secondary forest. Glossina fusca congolensis (37%) and G.palpalis palpalis (36.4%) were the most abundant vector species. G. fusca congolensis was predominant in secondary forest and in flood area, while in degraded forest, it was G.palpalis palpalis. Trypanosoma infection rate was 30.7%, 42% in secondary forest, 32% in degraded forest and 18% in flood area. Trypanosoma congolense savannah was the main species detected (18.7%) followed by T.brucei brucei (10.7%) and T. brucei gambiense (4%). T. congolense savannah type was predominant in the secondary forest and in degraded forest (66.7% versus 55.5%).
Conclusion: Glossina density and trypanosome infection rate varied according to the habitat within HAT focus. The density of tsetse was the highest in degraded forest while the infection rate was highest in secondary forest. Continuous disease surveillance and control measures are needed.
Mobile journalism: Systematic literature review
Authors: López-García Xosé , Silva-Rodríguez Alba , Vizoso-García Ángel-Antonio , Westlund Oscar , Canavilhas João 
Published: February 2019

The era of mobile media has placed communications convergence at a new stage. The importance of studies about mobile communications has been growing increasingly over the last years. This growth is connected to the increase in the access to contents through new devices. The last ten years have seen a process of acceleration in mobile technology innovations. The peak of this new scenario has been the interest of the research community in investigating the relationship between such innovations and the spread of informative contents. This article analyses those studies that address the relation between mobile devices and communication and journalism. The main objective is to clarify the current state of these studies as well as to define their significance within the current convergence scenario. In order to reach such objectives, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted. The authors analysed 199 research articles published between January 2008 and May 2018 in the database Web of Science. The findings suggest that the United States has the largest number of studies in relation to this topic. We can pinpoint the highest increase in scientific production about journalism and mobile communications in 2013. Besides, it exists a dominance of those articles related with actants upon those ones about actors or audiences.
La era de los medios móviles ha situado la convergencia comunicativa en un nuevo estadio. La movilidad ha abierto un gran campo en la cambiante sociedad red. La producción científica sobre periodismo móvil ha adquirido un mayor protagonismo gracias a las mejoras técnicas de los dispositivos y a la democratización en el acceso a los contenidos por parte de los usuarios. En los últimos diez años se ha producido una aceleración en las innovaciones tecnológicas que se ha traducido en un mayor interés por esta área de estudio. En este trabajo se analizan los artículos sobre dispositivos móviles y periodismo a fin de definir el momento actual del proceso y situar el papel que ocupan en el escenario convergente. El método ha sido una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica (SLR) de 199 artículos publicados entre enero del 2008 y mayo del 2018 en la base de datos Web of Science. La validación siguió los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, identificación de la base de datos, motores de búsqueda, y evaluación y descripción de resultados. Los hallazgos indican que en Estados Unidos se concentra el mayor número de publicaciones relacionadas con este tema y que el auge de la producción científica sobre periodismo móvil se da en el año 2013. Se concluye que existe un predominio de publicaciones relacionadas con los actantes en detrimento de aquellas que versan sobre actores o audiencias.
Robotics to develop computational thinking in early Childhood Education
Authors: García-Valcárcel-Muñoz-Repiso Ana , Caballero-González Yen-Air 
Published: February 2019

The development of programming skills is currently promoting from an early school age, trying to get children to take an active and creative role in the use of technologies. The objective of this article is to verify the repercussion of educational robotics activities on kindergarten students in the acquisition of computational thinking and programming skills. The research design is quasi-experimental, with pre-test and post-test measures, using experimental and control groups. The sample consists of 131 students from the second cycle of early education (between 3 and 6 years old), all from the same Spanish school. Computational thinking is measured through three dimensions: sequences (algorithms), action-instruction correspondence and debugging. The intervention sessions, as well as the structure of the challenges that were used in the pre- and post-test evaluations, were designed based on the reference program of robotics studies called “TangibleK”. The intervention, carried out doing learning activities using educational robotics resources, presents positive results in relation to the computational thinking skills achieved. The differences between the pre-test and the post-test in the experimental and control groups are statistically significant, in that children engaged in robotics program achieves a greater advance in the three dimensions of computational competence through this method.Actualmente se promueve el desarrollo de habilidades de programación desde una edad escolar temprana, tratando de que los niños adquieran un rol activo y creativo en el uso de las tecnologías. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar la repercusión del desarrollo de actividades de robótica educativa en la adquisición de habilidades de pensamiento computacional y programación en escolares de educación infantil. El diseño de la investigación es de tipo cuasi-experimental, con medidas pretest y postest, utilizando grupo experimental y control. La muestra la conforman 131 estudiantes del segundo ciclo de educación infantil (entre 3 y 6 años de edad) de un centro educativo español. El pensamiento computacional se mide a través de tres dimensiones: secuencias (algoritmos), correspondencia acción-instrucción y depuración. Las sesiones de intervención, así como la estructura de los retos que se utilizaron en las evaluaciones pre y postest fueron diseñadas tomando como base el programa de estudios en robótica denominado «TangibleK». La intervención, centrada en actividades de aprendizaje mediante recursos de robótica educativa, presenta resultados positivos en relación a las habilidades de pensamiento computacional logradas. Las diferencias encontradas entre el pre y postest en el grupo experimental son estadísticamente significativas y superiores a las presentadas en el grupo control, de modo que se concluye que los niños que realizan el programa de robótica consiguen un mayor avance en las tres dimensiones de la competencia computacional.
Une analyse comparée et critique des modèles des spin-offs universitaires
Authors: Krichen Kamel , Chabaud Didier 
Published: February 2019

La création de nouvelles entreprises basées sur les connaissances universitaires, « les spin-offs universitaires », constitue un phénomène très important (Mustar, 1997, Pinter, 2015). Toutefois, si la valorisation des résultats des recherches universitaires sous forme de spin-offs est possible, le chercheur-entrepreneur naissant reste confronté à un processus jugé long, incertain et peu contrôlable (François, 2013). Or, les modélisations existantes du processus de création de spin-offs universitaires soulignent une grande hétérogénéité au niveau des étapes, de leur timing ainsi qu’au niveau des activités et tâches associées au développement du projet entrepreneurial. Ce texte propose une analyse critique des différents essais de modélisation du processus de création des spin-offs universitaires en se fondant à la fois sur une analyse comparative, et sur les travaux empiriques et conceptuels réalisés dans le champ. Classification JEL : L26, M13, O13
Les traits caractéristiques de la relation université-entreprise au Cameroun
Authors: Dama Dié Marcel 
Published: February 2019

Le but de cet article est d’examiner le contexte de la relation universitéentreprise au Cameroun pour en déduire les traits caractéristiques. Utilisant les informations issues des sources documentaires et les données statistiques obtenues à l’INS et certains ministères, il est conclu que les universités sont confrontées aux problèmes d’ordre managérial, financier, socioculturel, infrastructurel et économique qui empêchent l’éclosion d’une relation efficace avec les entreprises, l’esprit de créativité et l’impulsion de l’entrepreneuriat scientifique. Comme solution, il est suggéré l’élection des dirigeants des universités pour rendre l’université effectivement autonome et éradiquer les lourdeurs administratives. L’augmentation des budgets des universités est suggérée pour réduire les déficits infrastructurels et en matériels didactiques ; ce pour améliorer la qualité de formation et encourager l’esprit de créativité. Classification JEL : L22, L29, L32, D02, E24
« Une nouvelle ère » ? Défense et stratégie des États-Unis après la première année de l’administration Trump
Authors: Zajec Olivier 
Published: February 2019

Depuis le 6 novembre 2016 et l’entrée en fonction du 45e président des États-Unis, les décisions de ce dernier ont donné lieu à de très nombreux questionnements sur la direction stratégique qu’il souhaitait impulser à la première puissance militaire mondiale. Au milieu d’un brouillard analytique qui devrait se prolonger, les décisions prises par Donald Trump en matière de sécurité et de défense constituent néanmoins un repère assez éclairant des priorités du nouvel exécutif. Structurées par un certain nombre de documents doctrinaux et budgétaires, orientées par nature sur le long terme capacitaire et technologique, ces orientations fournissent une échelle de mesure permettant de juger de l’écart entre la politique de sécurité traditionnelle des États-Unis et le cap spécifique que l’administration nouvelle pourrait lui donner. En la matière, les évolutions semblent l’emporter sur les révolutions, ce que le présent article suggère en analysant le premier budget militaire de l’administration Trump, et l’adaptation des doctrines militaires américaines à la « nouvelle ère » que laissent entrevoir tant la nouvelle National Defense Strategy, publiée en janvier 2018, que la National Security Strategy rendue publique en décembre 2017, dans la foulée du bouclage du budget fédéral.
Main drivers of transparent exopolymer particle distribution across the surface Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Zamanillo Marina , Ortega-Retuerta Eva , Nunes Sdena , Rodríguez-Ros Pablo , Dall'Osto Manuel , Estrada Marta , Montserrat Sala Maria , Simó Rafel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) are a class of gel
particles, produced mainly by microorganisms, which play important roles in
biogeochemical processes such as carbon cycling and export. TEPs (a) are
colonized by carbon-consuming microbes; (b) mediate aggregation and sinking
of organic matter and organisms, thereby contributing to the biological
carbon pump; and (c) accumulate in the surface microlayer (SML) and affect
air–sea gas exchange. The first step to evaluate the global influence of
TEPs in these processes is the prediction of TEP occurrence in the ocean.
Yet, little is known about the physical and biological variables that drive
their abundance, particularly in the open ocean. Here we describe the
horizontal TEP distribution, along with physical and biological variables, in
surface waters along a north–south transect in the Atlantic Ocean during
October–November 2014. Two main regions were separated due to remarkable
differences: the open Atlantic Ocean (OAO, n=30), and the Southwestern
Atlantic Shelf (SWAS, n=10). TEP concentration in the entire transect
ranged 18.3–446.8 µg XG eq L−1 and averaged 117.1±119.8 µg XG eq L−1, with the maximum concentrations in the
SWAS and in a station located at the edge of the Canary Coastal Upwelling
(CU), and the highest TEP to chlorophyll a (TEP:Chl a)
ratios in the OAO (183±56) and CU (1760). TEPs were significantly and
positively related to Chl a and phytoplankton biomass, expressed in terms
of C, along the entire transect. In the OAO, TEPs were positively related to
some phytoplankton groups, mainly Synechococcus. They were
negatively related to the previous 24 h averaged solar irradiance,
suggesting that sunlight, particularly UV radiation, is more a sink than a
source for TEP. Multiple regression analyses showed the combined positive
effect of phytoplankton and heterotrophic prokaryotes (HPs) on TEP
distribution in the OAO. In the SWAS, TEPs were positively related to high
nucleic acid-containing prokaryotic cells and total phytoplankton biomass,
but not to any particular phytoplankton group. Estimated TEP–carbon
constituted an important portion of the particulate organic carbon pool in
the entire transect (28 %–110 %), generally higher than the
phytoplankton and HP carbon shares, which highlights the importance of TEPs
in the cycling of organic matter in the ocean.
Capitalizing and Compensating: Older Adults’ Religious and Spiritual Uses of Technology
Authors: Kang Samantha L.C. , Endacott Camille G , Gonzales Gabrielle G , Bengtson Vern L 
Published: February 2019

This study explores how older adults use information and communication technologies (ICTs) in their spiritual and religious lives. How widespread is their use? What kinds of ICTS do they use and for what reasons? What impact do they have on their religious and spiritual lives? We explored these questions by collecting interviews with 90 older adults, average age 77, from six major Judeo-Christian faith traditions. The sample was developed from nominations by pastors, priests, and rabbis in three southern California cities. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and analyzed through abductive analysis. Many older adults in our sample reported using ICTs to assist their devotional lives—nine in ten of our participants provided examples, thus dispelling technology as merely a tool for the young to incorporate into their religious lives. An unexpected finding of the research was the wide variety of ICT usage mentioned by these elderly participants —over 15 distinct ones were mentioned. The reasons for using ICTs fell into two primary categories: compensating for age related changes and capitalizing on unique opportunities for growth in later life. The results demonstrate support for Carstensen’s Socio-Emotional Selectivity Theory and have implications for practitioners working with older adults, such as social workers and clergy, as well as for marketers in industry.
SOLID PROPELLANTS
Authors: Mason B. P. , Roland C. M. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTSolid propellants are energetic materials used to launch and propel rockets and missiles. Although their history dates to the use of black powder more than two millennia ago, greater performance demands and the need for “insensitive munitions” that are resistant to accidental ignition have driven much research and development over the past half-century. The focus of this review is the material aspects of propellants, rather than their performance, with an emphasis on the polymers that serve as binders for oxidizer particles and as fuel for composite propellants. The prevalent modern binders are discussed along with a discussion of the limitations of state-of-the-art modeling of composite motors.
The Opportunities to Develop a Successful Entrepreneurship and Business Model in Biotechnology: An Overview
Authors: Tyagi Prachi , Sengar Rakesh Singh , Kumar Alok 
Published: February 2019

Biotechnology is an incredible technology promising a better future worldwide and proved to be genera of great outcomes. Since its inception it has been projected to bring fantastic advances along with huge economic rewards, in short it promises more for less. Involvement of molecular biology in biotechnology lead its way into the various aspects of science based industries. Pharmacogenomics, drug discovery and drug delivery are the emerging tools in health industry which can only be possible due to the onset of biotechnology. Worldwide, pharmaceutical companies pursued research in the medicines and diagnostics by implementing biotechnology. Biotechnology is a major tool for improving human life by improving agriculture, human health and environment. Developing countries tend to have growing needs but scarce resources, therefore, such claims naturally appeal to those in power. The practical applications of Biotechnology extend from widely separated fields, creative minds, these ideas need to be researched and developed. Extent of scope in the field offer opportunities for great industrial growth. A novel product as a result of intensive research often leads to a business model. Past has seen several industries established by scientists to make a difference through their product by understanding the need of people and market potential. Entrepreneurial potential in biotechnology is governed by factors like development of technology as an only solution for the problem or the better solution for the currently available technologies. Critical testing and regulatory agency approval must be received prior to commercial production and marketing. Although the field has immense opportunity but the level of uncertainty and failure is also high. So, an efficient and well organized strategy should be followed to develop and deliver a successful business model for biotechnology. The paper presents an illustration about the business potential in biotechnology from incubation of an idea and its transformation into a value aided product or technology through various demanding and formative steps like financing, human resource and marketing.
Conducta autolesiva no suicida en adolescentes y su relación con factores personales y contextuales
Authors: Obando Diana , Trujillo Ángela , Prada Manuel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract: Non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents and its interaction with personal and contextual factors. Epidemiological studies in mental health indicate an increase in the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury behaviors in adolescents. However, scarce studies in Latin America explore in depth this problematic behavior. Two studies were conducted using a mixed methodology in order to characterize this phenomenon and to identify associated clinical variables in a group of 1517 adolescents and 43 patients. Additionally, the mediator effect of sensation seeking in the relationship between family attachment and self-injury was assessed. Quantitative results indicate a relationship between self-injury and personal and contextual variables as impulsivity, sensation seeking and family dynamics. Qualitative analysis indicated that self-injury is presented in comorbidity with other complex problematics at the affective, social, academic and familiar levels of the participants. Results relevance is discussed for the clinical context.Resumen: Diferentes estudios epidemiológicos en salud mental indican un aumento en la prevalencia de comportamientos autolesivos en adolescentes. Sin embargo, escasos estudios en Latinoamérica exploran esta problemática en profundidad. Por medio de dos estudios con metodología mixta, el presente trabajo consistió en la caracterización de la autolesión y en la identificación de variables clínicas asociadas en una muestra de 1517 adolescentes y de 43 pacientes. Así mismo, se evaluó el efecto mediador de la búsqueda de sensaciones en la relación entre el apego familiar y la autolesión. Los resultados cuantitativos indican una relación entre la autolesión y factores personales y contextuales, tales como la impulsividad, la búsqueda de sensaciones y las dinámicas familiares. El análisis cualitativo indica que la autolesión se presenta en comorbilidad con otras problemáticas complejas en los niveles afectivo, social, académico y familiar de los pacientes. Se discute la relevancia de los resultados a nivel clínico.
Una introducción a «Los espacios sociales rurales como objeto de reflexiones, intervenciones y disputas»
Authors: Cragnolino Elisa 
Published: February 2019

El presente monográfico se propone discutir sobre las reconfiguraciones materiales, políticas, sociales, culturales y simbólicas de los espacios rurales actuales, en el marco de las tendencias homogeneizantes del capital y las políticas neoliberales. Nuestra intención ha sido la de convocar a investigadores de distintas disciplinas desde las que se discutan las visiones que dicotomizan la vida social de los campos, la cosifican y esencializan y muestren, en cambio, las múltiples relaciones sociales que ligan campo y ciudad.
Interiority in Everyday Space: A Dialogue between Materiality and Occupation
Authors: Atmodiwirjo Paramita , Yatmo Yandi Andri 
Published: February 2019

Everyday space is a setting where ordinary acts, activities and events take place. It is interesting to examine closely how interiority is defined, understood and manifested in everyday space as a way to understand the inhabitation of the interior. The interiority of everyday space is defined not only by occupation but also through materiality. This issue of Interiority presents articles that address the relationships between interior materiality and different perceptual constructs and experiences of architectural space as inherent in the occupation of the everyday space.
Magnetic resonance imaging of hepatic neoplasms
Authors: DiMarcangelo Mark T. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Excellent diagnostic images of the liver can now be obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of new imaging techniques. The flow void phenomenon allows excellent anatomic detail of the liver. Morphologic features, comparson of tumor signal to normal parenchymal signal, and tumor behavior in various pulse sequences help to define liver tumors. The MRI characteristics of primary hepatomas, cavernous hemangiomas, hepatic cysts, liver adenomas, and focal nodular hyperplasia are among the hepatic lesions described. In most instances, MRI helps in differential considerations and in some cases will provide a specific diagnosis.