bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glutathione S‐transferase theta genotypes and environmental exposures in the risk of canine transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Luethcke Katherine R. , Ekena Joanne , Chun Ruthanne , Trepanier Lauren A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionTransitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in humans is associated with environmental exposures and variants in glutathione S‐transferase (GST) genes. Scottish Terriers have a high breed risk for TCC, but the relationship between genetic and environmental risk in dogs is not fully understood.HypothesesScottish Terriers have a higher frequency of GST‐theta variants compared to lower risk breeds. Dogs with TCC of any breed have a higher frequency of GST‐theta variants along with higher environmental exposures, compared to controls.AnimalsOne hundred and five Scottish Terriers and 68 controls from lower risk breeds; 69 dogs of various breeds with TCC, and 72 breed‐ and sex‐matched unaffected geriatric dogs.MethodsIn this prospective case‐control study, dogs were genotyped for 3 canine GST‐theta variants: GSTT1 I2+28 G>A, a GSTT1 3′UTR haplotype, and GSTT5 Asp129_Gln130del. Owners of dogs with TCC and unaffected geriatric controls completed a household environmental questionnaire.ResultsThe GSTT1 3′UTR haplotype and GSTT5 Asp129_Gln130del variants were significantly underrepresented in Scottish Terriers (minor allele frequency [MAF] = 0.000 for both), compared to dogs from lower risk breeds (MAF = 0.108 and 0.100; P ≤ .0002). Dogs with TCC did not differ from unaffected geriatric controls across the 3 investigated loci. Transitional cell carcinoma was associated with household insecticide use (odds ratio [OR] = 4.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44‐12.33, P = .02), and was negatively associated with proximity to a farm (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.25‐0.99, P = .04).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLow‐activity GST‐theta loci are unlikely contributors to TCC risk in dogs. Increased risk is associated with household insecticide use, and possibly with less rural households.
Ultrasonographic features of presumed gastric wall edema in 14 dogs with pancreatitis
Authors: Murakami Masahiro , Heng Hock Gan , Lim Chee Kin , Parnell Nolie K. , Rancilio Nicholas J. , Lin Tsang L. , Sola Mario 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundGastric wall edema has not been reported as a complication of acute pancreatitis in dogs.ObjectiveTo describe the ultrasonographic features of gastric wall thickening in dogs with acute pancreatitis.AnimalsFourteen dogs with ultrasonographic evidence and clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, with ultrasonographic evidence of increased gastric wall thickness (>5 mm).MethodsA retrospective search in the medical records from 2014 to 2016 was performed to identify dogs that had ultrasonographic evidence of acute pancreatitis, that had increased thickness of the gastric wall and that were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis clinically. The gastric wall changes such as thickness, layering appearance, echogenicity, distribution of lesions, and perigastric changes were recorded. Serial ultrasonographic examination and histopathological findings were recorded if available.ResultsMean gastric wall thickness was 9.9 ± 4.0 mm (SD). A complete loss of wall layering was observed in 2 dogs. Thickening of the submucosal layer was observed in 12 dogs, and 5 of them had concurrent muscularis layer thickening. The echogenicity of thickened submucosal layer was intermediate hyperechoic. Lacy appearances were present within the thickened submucosal layer in 7 dogs and in the muscularis layer of 1 dog. Thickening was focal in 12 dogs and adjacent to the diseased pancreas. Subsequent resolution of gastric wall thickening was observed in 3 dogs (range 3‐28 days) via follow‐up ultrasound. One dog underwent necropsy, and gastric wall edema was confirmed histopathologically.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFindings indicated that gastric wall thickening presumably because of edema could be a complication of acute pancreatitis.
Requirements of plant species are linked to area and determine species pool and richness on small islands
Authors: Schrader Julian , König Christian , Moeljono Soetjipto , Pärtel Meelis , Kreft Holger 
Published: April 2019

AbstractQuestionsSmall islands are outstanding model systems to study community assembly. Due to harsher environmental conditions on smaller islands compared to larger ones, environmental filtering may preclude some species, potentially resulting in island size‐dependent species pools. We tested whether the species pool size follows a similar species–area relationship as the observed richness. This can provide new insight into community assembly processes and the elusive small‐island effect (SIE), which states that species richness on smaller islands is less dependent on area than on larger islands.LocationRaja Ampat Archipelago, Indonesia.MethodsWe studied the woody vegetation on sixty small islands ranging from 3 m2 to 11,806 m2. For each recorded species, we estimated its area requirements and compared them against random colonization models. We developed a novel method to calculate probabilistic species pools for each island. We compared different species–area models for observed species richness and our index of species pool size to test whether the SIE results from differences in species pool size.ResultsWe found that most species were restricted to islands significantly larger than expected from random colonization. The occurrence probability of all species increased with island size, indicating a lack of species that are specialized to the conditions on small islands. We found a SIE in observed species richness, but not in species pool size.ConclusionWoody plants in the studied island system have specific requirements that are linked to island area and determine island‐specific species pools. Lower community completeness on smaller islands compared to larger ones indicated that the SIE is shaped by local limiting processes that have no impact on the species pool, but control how much of it is realized on an island. Together, these results clearly indicate non‐random plant community assembly on small islands.
Forest understory vegetation is more related to soil than to climate towards the cold distribution margin of European beech
Authors: Weigel Robert , Gilles Jennifer , Klisz Marcin , Manthey Michael , Kreyling Juergen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractQuestionIt is debated whether forest understory communities will be sensitive to projected climate change or inert due to the regulating effect of local site conditions and soil parameters. A distinction between the relative importance of climate or soil is often hardly possible because both factors usually change at different spatial scales in forests. Here, we compare the relative influence of climate and soil on the forest understory vegetation in lowland beech forest ecosystems (Fagus sylvatica), which were selected for their ecological homogeneity.LocationNine sites along a strong temperature gradient (ΔT = 4 K from east to west in winter, south to north in summer) between Rostock (Germany) and Gdańsk (Poland) in a Baltic Quaternary ground moraine landscape.MethodsWe conducted a vegetation survey in 55 vegetation plots (80 m2 each) across nine forest sites mono‐dominated by European beech and analysed how much variation in understory plant composition is explained by climate and soil parameters.ResultsSoil explained 32% of the compositional variation of understory vegetation across sites, climate 22%, and their interaction 14%. Topsoil pH, subsoil organic matter content, and subsoil C/N ratio were the most important soil variables; growing season temperature and annual water availability were the most important climatic variables.ConclusionThe strong dependence on soil properties could moderate the response of the forest understory vegetation to projected climate change. Forest soil properties, however, also depend on the dominant tree species and the macroclimate. To predict climate change impacts on forest understory vegetation, climate change assessments should consider indirect climate change effects as well as interactions between climate and soil.
Influence of Marine Protected Areas on parasitic prevalence: the case of the isopod Anilocra physodes as a parasite of the fish Lithognathus mormyrus
Authors: Navarro‐Barranco C. , Tierno de Figueroa J. M. , Ros M. , Guerra García J. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) on the conservation of species, habitats, and processes has been largely studied. However, although parasites play a key role in the ecology of marine ecosystems, the effect of MPAs on host‐parasite relationships remains poorly understood. In order to characterize prevalence and host specificity of the widely distributed parasitic isopod Anilocra physodes, as well as the effect of MPAs on these parameters, a study based on visual census of fishes (repeated at two different study periods) and angling was conducted in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean). Despite the wide diversity of potential hosts, A. physodes was only found associated with the sparid fish Lithognathus mormyrus. A significant relationship between the length of the host and the parasite was detected. While similar host densities were recorded inside and outside the MPA, parasitic prevalence was significantly lower inside the MPA. These differences among MPAs and non‐MPAs in parasite prevalence and host availability, as well as the strong host specificity pattern, were consistent throughout time. Anthropogenic pressures, host size, and cleaning interactions are proposed to be potential factors involved in the observed lower parasitization levels inside the MPA. This study highlights that the protection status of marine areas can drive constant changes in parasitic prevalence.
Effect of direct‐acting antivirals on platelet‐associated immunoglobulin G and thrombocytopenia in hepatitis C virus‐related chronic liver disease
Authors: Honma Yuichi , Shibata Michihiko , Hayashi Tsuguru , Kusanaga Masashi , Ogino Noriyoshi , Minami Sota , Kumei Shinsuke , Oe Shinji , Miyagawa Koichiro , Senju Michio , Matsuoka Hidehiko , Watanabe Tatsuyuki , Hiura Masaaki , Abe Shintaro , Harada Masaru 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been known to cause various extrahepatic autoimmune disorders. The prevalence of platelet‐associated immunoglobulin G (PA‐IgG) has been high in patients with HCV infection. Because thrombocytopenia in HCV‐related liver diseases is a notable problem, we performed prospective study on the effect of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment on PA‐IgG and platelet count.MethodsA total of 215 patients with HCV‐related liver disease were enrolled in this study. The patients who discontinued DAAs or did not undergo adequate laboratory examinations and who did not achieve sustained virologic response were excluded and finally a total of 187 patients were investigated.ResultsA total of 171 patients (91.4%) were PA‐IgG positive (>46 ng/107 cells) before starting DAAs (baseline). The PA‐IgG level elevation was significantly correlated with higher liver inflammation and fibrosis markers (P < 0.05) and lower platelet count (P = 0.000019). The platelet count of the patients with low PA‐IgG titer tended to be higher at baseline, end of treatment (EOT), and at 12 and 24 weeks after EOT. The platelet count increased at EOT (P < 0.05) and 24 weeks after EOT (P < 0.01). The PA‐IgG levels were significantly decreased at EOT, 12 and 24 weeks after EOT (P < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis found that only platelet count at baseline was closely associated with negative conversion of PA‐IgG at 24 weeks after EOT (P = 0.004).ConclusionsEradication of HCV by DAAs treatment successfully decreased PA‐IgG level and increased platelet count.
Best practices for the use of meteorite names in publications
Authors: Heck Philipp R. , Herd Christopher , Grossman Jeffrey N. , Badjukov Dmitry , Bouvier Audrey , Bullock Emma , Chennaoui‐Aoudjehane Hasnaa , Debaille Vinciane , Dunn Tasha L. , Ebel Denton S. , Ferrière Ludovic , Garvie Laurence , Gattacceca Jérôme , Gounelle Matthieu , Herd Richard , Ireland Trevor , Jacquet Emmanuel , Macke Robert J. , McCoy Tim , McCubbin Francis M. , Mikouchi Takashi , Metzler Knut , Roskosz Mathieu , Smith Caroline , Wadhwa Meenakshi , Welzenbach‐Fries Linda , Yada Toru , Yamaguchi Akira , Zeigler Ryan A. , Zolensky Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis document contains suggestions for best practices by authors who refer to meteorites in publications. It can also be taken as a guide for publishers in establishing guidelines for authors. The following best practices are recommended in addition to acknowledging the loaning institution or loaning individual (unless required otherwise). The main motivations are to: help ensure that research on meteorites is reproducible, prevent confusion in the literature, and enhance tracking of specimens and related data.
“J'aime to be Funny!”: Humor, Learning, and Identity Construction in High School English as a Second Language Classrooms
Authors: DÁVILA LIV T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCreative manipulations of language have long been recognized as important aspects of second language development. Research has largely examined playful language within adult foreign language classrooms; however, less attention has been given to the pragmatic use of humor among adolescent multilingual learners of English. Drawing on oral interactional and interview data in racially, ethnically, and linguistically diverse high school English as a second language (ESL) classrooms in the United States, this article examines humor and playful talk in the translanguaging practices of adolescent multilingual Central African immigrant and refugee students whose common languages are French and English. Data are analyzed through discursive identity frameworks that view identities produced through interaction, through heteroglossic perspectives on language use and development, and through a raciolinguistic lens. Findings reveal that everyday comedic classroom interaction afforded students opportunities to negotiate macro‐processes of social, racial, and economic marginalization in and outside of school, and fostered group cohesion and metalinguistic awareness. This article concludes by presenting pedagogical implications of valuing and harnessing student‐generated humorous interaction for meaningful language and content learning.
L2 Dynamic Assessment: An Activity Theory Perspective
Authors: HERAZO JOSÉ DAVID , DAVIN KRISTIN J. , SAGRE ANAMARIA 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBecause scaffolded feedback is a key component of dynamic assessment (DA) and is present in some forms of corrective feedback (CF), it can be unclear how the 2 frameworks differ. Further complicating the distinction, many second language (L2) DA studies have focused on how a teacher provides mediation as a series of prompts, usually in reaction to a learner's error, and what that implies for L2 development. To investigate distinctions between DA and CF from an empirical stance rather than solely a theoretical one, this study utilized activity theory (AT) to analyze the changes that an English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language teacher experienced in how he responded to learners’ inaccurate utterances as he endeavored to use classroom DA as part of professional development. Findings revealed key distinctions between CF and DA by showing how the discursive tools of mediation were but 1 aspect of change in the teacher's responses, and that other components of the activity system such as subject orientation, division of labor, tools beyond discourse, community, and the outcomes of the responses played a fundamental role in understanding such change. More broadly, findings also revealed how the learning of DA led to a transformation in the teacher's theoretical perspective.
A novel Botrytis cinerea‐specific gene BcHBF1 enhances virulence of the grey mould fungus via promoting host penetration and invasive hyphal development
Authors: Liu Yue , Liu Jiane‐Kang , Li Gui‐Hua , Zhang Ming‐Zhe , Zhang Ying‐Ying , Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Hou Jie , Yang Song , Sun Jiao , Qin Qing‐Ming 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBotrytis cinerea is the causative agent of grey mould on over 1000 plant species and annually causes enormous economic losses worldwide. However, the fungal factors that mediate pathogenesis of the pathogen remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a novel B. cinerea‐specific pathogenicity‐associated factor BcHBF1 (hyphal branching‐related factor 1), identified from virulence‐attenuated mutant M8008 from a B. cinerea T‐DNA insertion mutant library, plays an important role in hyphal branching, infection structure formation, sclerotial formation and full virulence of the pathogen. Deletion of BcHBF1 in B. cinerea did not impair radial growth of mycelia, conidiation, conidial germination, osmotic‐ and oxidative‐stress adaptation, as well as cell wall integrity of the ∆Bchbf1 mutant strains. However, loss of BcHBF1 impaired the capability of hyphal branching, appressorium and infection cushion formation, appressorium host penetration and virulence of the pathogen. Moreover, disruption of BcHBF1 altered conidial morphology and dramatically impaired sclerotial formation of the mutant strains. Complementation of BcHBF1 completely rescued all the phenotypic defects of the ∆Bchbf1 mutants. During young hyphal branching, host penetration and early invasive growth of the pathogen, BcHBF1 expression was up‐regulated, suggesting that BcHBF1 is required for these processes. Our findings provide novel insights into the fungal factor mediating pathogenesis of the grey mould fungus via regulation of its infection structure formation, host penetration and invasive hyphal branching and growth.
BES1‐regulated BEE1 controls photoperiodic flowering downstream of blue light signaling pathway in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Fei , Gao Yongshun , Liu Yawen , Zhang Xin , Gu Xingxing , Ma Dingbang , Zhao Zhiwei , Yuan Zhenjiang , Xue Hongwei , Liu Hongtao 
Published: April 2019

Summary

BRI1‐EMS‐SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) functions as a key regulator in the brassinosteroid (BR) pathway that promotes plant growth. However, whether BES1 is involved in photoperiodic flowering is unknown.

Here we report that BES1 acts as a positive regulator of photoperiodic flowering, but it cannot directly bind FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) promoter. BR ENHANCED EXPRESSION 1 (BEE1) is the direct target of BES1 and acts downstream of BES1. BEE1 is also a positive regulator of photoperiodic flowering. BEE1 binds directly to the FT chromatin to activate the transcription of FT and promote flowering initiation.

More importantly, BEE1 promotes flowering in a blue light photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME 2 (CRY2) partially dependent manner, as it physically interacts with CRY2 under the blue light. Furthermore, BEE1 is regulated by both BRs and blue light. The transcription of BEE1 is induced by BRs, and the BEE1 protein is stabilized under the blue light.

Our findings indicate that BEE1 is the integrator of BES1 and CRY2 mediating flowering, and BES1‐BEE1‐FT is a new signaling pathway in regulating photoperiodic flowering.
Arabinose biosynthesis is critical for salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Chunzhao , Zayed Omar , Zeng Fansuo , Liu Chaoxian , Zhang Ling , Zhu Peipei , Hsu Chuan‐Chih , Tuncil Yunus E. , Tao W. Andy , Carpita Nicholas C. , Zhu Jian‐Kang 
Published: April 2019

Summary

The capability to maintain cell wall integrity is critical for plants to adapt to unfavourable conditions. l‐Arabinose (Ara) is a constituent of several cell wall polysaccharides and many cell wall‐localised glycoproteins, but so far the contribution of Ara metabolism to abiotic stress tolerance is still poorly understood.

Here, we report that mutations in the MUR4 (also known as HSR8) gene, which is required for the biosynthesis of UDP‐Arap in Arabidopsis, led to reduced root elongation under high concentrations of NaCl, KCl, NaNO3, or KNO3.

The short root phenotype of the mur4/hsr8 mutants under high salinity is rescued by exogenous Ara or gum arabic, a commercial product of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) from Acacia senegal. Mutation of the MUR4 gene led to abnormal cell−cell adhesion under salt stress. MUR4 forms either a homodimer or heterodimers with its isoforms. Analysis of the higher order mutants of MUR4 with its three paralogues, MURL, DUR, MEE25, reveals that the paralogues of MUR4 also contribute to the biosynthesis of UDP‐Ara and are critical for root elongation.

Taken together, our work revealed the importance of the Ara metabolism in salt stress tolerance and also provides new insights into the enzymes involved in the UDP‐Ara biosynthesis in plants.
Pollen competition is the mechanism underlying a variety of evolutionary phenomena in dioecious plants
Authors: Delph Lynda F. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryIt has long been known that more pollen grains often arrive on stigmas than there are ovules to fertilize, resulting in pollen competition. Moreover, this competition among pollen grains (gametophytes) depends, in part, on their extensive haploid gene expression. Here I review how this leads to a variety of phenomena in dioecious plants of interest to evolutionary biologists. For example, pollen competition can lead to extreme female‐biased sex ratios. In addition, gene expression by individual pollen grains can slow mutation accumulation and degeneration of the Y chromosome. Lastly, I review work on how the haploid selection resulting from pollen competition has been proposed to influence which alleles are linked to the Y chromosome, and some recent empirical evidence in support of this theory.
Cytokine‐induced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization: unraveling interactions between stem cells and their niche
Authors: de Kruijf Evert‐Jan F.M. , Fibbe Willem E. , van Pel Melissa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPeripheral blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), mobilized by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, are widely used as a source for both autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The use of mobilized HSPCs has several advantages over traditional bone marrow–derived HSPCs, including a less invasive harvesting process for the donor, higher HSPC yields, and faster hematopoietic reconstitution in the recipient. For years, the mechanisms by which cytokines and other agents mobilize HSPCs from the bone marrow were not fully understood. The field of stem cell mobilization research has advanced significantly over the past decade, with major breakthroughs in the elucidation of the complex mechanisms that underlie stem cell mobilization. In this review, we provide an overview of the events that underlie HSPC mobilization and address the relevant cellular and molecular components of the bone marrow niche. Furthermore, current and future mobilizing agents will be discussed.