bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Cloud Particle‐Size Feedback in an Earth System Model
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Poulsen Christopher J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhysical process‐based two‐moment cloud microphysical parameterizations, in which effective cloud particle size evolves prognostically with climate change, have recently been incorporated into global climate models. The impacts of cloud particle‐size change on the cloud feedback, however, have never been explicitly quantified. Here we develop a partial radiative perturbation‐based method to estimate the cloud feedback associated with particle‐size changes in the Community Earth System Model. We find an increase of cloud particle size in the upper troposphere in response to an instantaneous doubling of atmospheric CO2. The associated net, shortwave, and longwave cloud feedbacks are estimated to be 0.18, 0.33, and −0.15 Wm−2 K−1, respectively. The cloud particle‐size feedback is dominated by its shortwave component with a maximum greater than 1.0 Wm−2 K−1 in the tropics and the Southern Ocean. We suggest that the cloud particle‐size feedback is an underappreciated contributor to the spread of cloud feedback and climate sensitivity among current models.
Investigating Fine‐Scale Permeability Structure and Its Control on Hydrothermal Activity Along a Fast‐Spreading Ridge (the East Pacific Rise, 9°43′–53′N) Using Seismic Velocity, Poroelastic Response, and Numerical Modeling
Authors: Marjanović Milena , Barreyre Thibaut , Fontaine Fabrice J. , Escartín Javier 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlong with the intracrustal heat source, crustal permeability is considered as the controlling factor for hydrothermal circulation within zero‐age oceanic crust. To obtain fine‐scale, 2‐D models of upper crustal permeability along the East Pacific Rise 9°50′N, known for prolific hydrothermal activity, we use recently derived high‐resolution seismic velocity and examine a number of the existing velocity‐permeability relationships. To constrain our preferred permeability model, we compare thus derived permeability models with collocated permeability estimates from poroelastic response to tidal loading at L‐vent. Furthermore, using the preferred permeability result, we model hydrothermal convection in 2‐D and find that the distributions of recharge and discharge zones are in good agreement with seafloor observations, including locations of the vent fields. Our results suggest that seismic velocities can be used as a tool for deriving spatial variation of permeability, which must be considered in modeling of hydrothermal flow.
Indirubin-3′-oxime stimulates chondrocyte maturation and longitudinal bone growth via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Choi Sehee , Cha Pu-Hyeon , Kim Hyun-Yi , Choi Kang-Yell 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Researchers have shown increased interest in determining what stimulates height. Currently, many children undergo precocious puberty, resulting in short stature due to premature closure of the growth plate. However, the current approach for height enhancement is limited to growth hormone treatment, which often results in side effects and clinical failure and is costly. Although recent studies have indicated the importance of paracrine signals in the growth plate for longitudinal bone growth, height-stimulating agents targeting the signaling pathways involved in growth plate maturation remain unavailable in the clinic. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a major role in the maturation of growth plate chondrocytes. In this study, by using an ex vivo tibial culture system, we identified indirubin-3′-oxime (I3O) as a compound capable of enhancing longitudinal bone growth. I3O promoted chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of I3O in adolescent mice increased growth plate height along with incremental chondrocyte maturation. I3O promoted tibial growth without significant adverse effects on bone thickness and articular cartilage. Therefore, I3O could be a potential therapeutic agent for increasing height in children with growth retardation.
E6-induced selective translation of WNT4 and JIP2 promotes the progression of cervical cancer via a noncanonical WNT signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Lin , Wang Longlong , Zhang Chenglan , Liu Ze , Piao Yongjun , Yan Jie , Xiang Rong , Yao Yuanqing , Shi Yi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractmRNA translation reprogramming occurs frequently in many pathologies, including cancer and viral infection. It remains largely unknown whether viral-induced alterations in mRNA translation contribute to carcinogenesis. Most cervical cancer is caused by high-risk human papillomavirus infection, resulting in the malignant transformation of normal epithelial cells mainly via viral E6 and E7 oncoproteins. Here, we utilized polysome profiling and deep RNA sequencing to systematically evaluate E6-regulated mRNA translation in HPV18-infected cervical cancer cells. We found that silencing E6 can cause over a two-fold change in the translation efficiency of ~653 mRNAs, most likely in an eIF4E- and eIF2α-independent manner. In addition, we identified that E6 can selectively upregulate the translation of WNT4, JIP1, and JIP2, resulting in the activation of the noncanonical WNT/PCP/JNK pathway to promote cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Ectopic expression of WNT4/JIP2 can effectively rescue the decreased cell proliferation caused by E6 silencing, strongly suggesting that the WNT4/JIP2 pathway mediates the role of E6 in promoting cell proliferation. Thus, our results revealed a novel oncogenic mechanism of E6 via regulating the translation of mRNAs.
A founder deletion in the TRPM1 gene associated with congenital stationary night blindness and myopia is highly prevalent in Ashkenazi Jews
Authors: Hirsch Yoel , Zeevi David A. , Lam Byron L. , Scher Sholem Y. , Bringer Rachel , Cherki Bitya , Cohen Cadina C. , Muallem Hagit , Chiang John , Pantrangi Madhulatha , Ekstein Josef , Johansson Martin M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCongenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is a disease affecting the night vision of individuals. Previous studies identified TRPM1 as a gene involved in reduced night vision. Homozygous deletion of TRPM1 was the cause of CSNB in several children in 6 Ashkenazi Jewish families, thereby prompting further investigation of the carrier status within the families as well as in large cohorts of unrelated Ashkenazi and Sephardi individuals. Affected children were tested with a CSNB next-generation (NextGen) sequencing panel. A deletion of TRPM1 exons 2 through 7 was detected and confirmed by PCR and sequence analysis. A TaqMan-based assay was used to assess the frequency of this deletion in 18266 individuals of Jewish descent. High-throughput amplicon sequencing was performed on 380 samples to determine the putative deletion-flanking founder haplotype. Heterozygous TRPM1 deletions were found in 2.75% (1/36) of Ashkenazi subjects and in 1.22% (1/82) individuals of mixed Ashkenazi/Sephardic origin. The homozygous deletion frequency in our data was 0.03% (1/4025) and was only found in Ashkenazi Jewish individuals. Homozygous deletion of exons 2–7 in TRPM1 is a common cause of CSNB and myopia in many Ashkenazi Jewish patients. This deletion is a founder Ashkenazi Jewish deletion.
A novel kit for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using a fluorescent nanoparticle imaging
Authors: Park Jun Sung , Kim Sang Tae , Kim Sang Yun , Jo Min Gi , Choi Myeong Jun , Kim Myeong Ok 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and chronic illness with long preclinical phases and a long clinical duration. Until recently, a lack of potential therapeutic agents against AD was the primary focus of research, which resulted in less effort directed towards developing useful diagnostic approaches. In this study, we developed a WO2002/088706 kit that is composed of fluorescent nanoparticles for the early detection of AD. We provided a fluorescent nanoparticle for detecting markers and a kit for the early diagnosis of AD. The kit consists of a probe molecule comprising an oligonucleotide capable of detecting one or more AD-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) and biomarkers related to AD. Through screening, we selected miR-106b, miR-146b, miR-181a, miR-200a, miR-34a, miR-124b, miR-153, miR-155, Aβ1-42 monomer (mAβ), Aβ1–42 oligomer (oAβ), UCHL1, NLRP3, Tau, STAT3, SORL1, Clusterin, APOE3, APOE4, Nogo-A, IL-13, and Visfatin to serve as AD- and inflammation-related markers. For detection of kit-binding properties, we checked the expression levels of amyloid beta (Aβ), tau protein, and inflammatory mediators in APP/PS/ApoE knockdown (KD) mice and a control group using co-localisation analysis conducted with a confocal microscope. Using a similar approach, we checked the expression levels of miRNAs in HT22 cells. Finally, we used the plasma from AD patients to confirm that our fluorescent nanoparticles and the WO2002/088706 kit will provide a possible early diagnosis to serve as an AD detector that can be further improved for future studies on targeting AD.
Ernährung bei Leberzirrhose: wichtige Tipps für Klinik und Praxis
Authors: Plauth Mathias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLiver disease and nutritional status affect each other mutually. Hepatic function is impaired by malnutrition and can be improved by nutrition therapy. Liver cirrhosis leads to prognostically relevant malnutrition in a stage dependent manner. Protein depletion and sarcopenia are its key features. Patients with liver cirrhosis should undergo systematic screening for risk of malnutrition and if positive sarcopenia should be assessed and a nutrition plan devised. In cirrhotic patients, spontaneous food intake frequently does not meet requirements and prolonged (> 12 h) periods of fasting must be avoided. In a stepwise fashion nutritional counseling, oral nutritional supplements, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition as third-line-therapy should be used. In cirrhotic patients, nutrition therapy can improve morbidity and mortality by ensuring the adequate provision of energy, protein and micronutrients.
Antiandrogene Therapie bei Sexualstraftätern – ein
osteologischer Problemfall
Authors: Lange Uwe , Klemm Philipp , Dischereit Gabriel 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungAktuelle Leitlinien empfehlen bei Sexualstraftätern den Einsatz einer
antiandrogenen Therapie (ADT) parallel zur psychotherapeutischen Behandlung.
Potentielle Nebenwirkungen einer jahrelangen desexualisierenden ADT sind u. a.
ein rascher Knochenmasseverlust mit konsekutiv erhöhtem Osteoporoserisiko und
somit Frakturrisiko. Geschildert wird ein Fall, bei dem sich nach 3-jähriger ADT
eine Osteoporose und ein insulinpflichtiger Diabetes mellitus manifestierten.
Eine osteologische Vorstellung erfolgte erst nach 7-jähriger ADT. Unter
präventiven wie auch spezifischen osteologischen Maßnahmen konnte letztlich eine
Zunahme der Knochendichte erzielt werden
A Generic Method and Implementation to Evaluate and Improve Data Quality in Distributed Research Networks
Authors: Juárez D. , Schmidt E.E. , Stahl-Toyota S. , Ückert F. , Lablans M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background With the increasing personalization of clinical therapies, translational research is evermore dependent on multisite research cooperations to obtain sufficient data and biomaterial. Distributed research networks rely on the availability of high-quality data stored in local databases operated by their member institutions. However, reusing data documented by independent health providers for the purpose of care, rather than research (“secondary use”), reveal a high variability in terms of data formats, as well as poor data quality, across network sites.
Objectives The aim of this work is the provision of a process for the assessment of data quality with regard to completeness and syntactic accuracy across independently operated data warehouses using common definitions stored in a central (network-wide) metadata repository (MDR).
Methods For assessment of data quality across multiple sites, we employ a framework of so-called bridgeheads. These are federated data warehouses, which allow the sites to participate in a research network. A central MDR is used to store the definitions of the commonly agreed data elements and their permissible values.
Results We present the design for a generator of quality reports within a bridgehead, allowing the validation of data in the local data warehouse against a research network's central MDR. A standardized quality report can be produced at each network site, providing a means to compare data quality across sites, as well as to channel feedback to the local data source systems, and local documentation personnel. A reference implementation for this concept has been successfully utilized at 10 sites across the German Cancer Consortium.
Conclusions We have shown that comparable data quality assessment across different partners of a distributed research network is feasible when a central metadata repository is combined with locally installed assessment processes. To achieve this, we designed a quality report and the process for generating such a report. The final step was the implementation in a German research network.
The Adoption of the Electronic Health Record by Physicians
Authors: Al-Rayes Saja A. , Alumran Arwa , AlFayez Weam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Health information technology, especially the electronic health record (EHR) systems, improves health care quality and patient safety.
Objectives This study's objectives are as follows: first, to explore the adoption of EHR systems among physicians in Saudi Arabia (with King Fahd Military Medical Complex as the location of the pilot study), and second, to identify the factors that influence these physicians' adoption of such systems.
Methods This cross-sectional quantitative study is based on a paper survey that was administered to a sample of 213 physicians. The theoretical model is a version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) that features the following additional variables: resistance to change, training, and social influence.
Results The sample includes 133 (62%) physicians who used EHRs and 80 (38%) who did not. The main findings show that users and nonusers of the EHR system differ significantly for several factors such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence, and resistance to change. In addition, age, work experience, and medical specialty are significantly associated with physicians' use of the EHR system.
Conclusion To increase EHR systems' adoption rate, the following elements should be improved: the systems' design, the social environments, and the physicians' awareness of the systems' benefits. This is the first study to produce a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the factors that influences physicians' use of the EHR system at a Saudi hospital in the Eastern Province. Further studies are needed to measure how these factors influence physicians' use of EHRs in other settings.
Policy ambassadors: human agency in the transnationalization of Brazilian social policies
Authors: Porto de Oliveira Osmany 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the past decade, Brazil became a model for social policies, ‘exporting’ ideas and techniques to tackle issues on social participation, poverty and hunger mostly to Southern countries, but also to the Northern States. International policy diffusion is immersed in a complex web of relations established among a plethora of actors participating in various moments and spaces. How policies become models for exporting? Why Brazil was elected as a showcase for social policies? Which actors were engaged in this process? The literature presents different arguments that focus on international organizations, think-tanks, epistemic communities, private agents, networks and so on to explain how policy models travel from a place to another. In this study, the action of exporting elites and their circulation between various institutions are put under analysis to understand diffusion. We introduce in this article a new concept of ‘Policy Ambassador’, a transnational transfer agent, to explain the diffusion of Brazilian social policy ideas and instruments in the areas of participatory democracy, fight against poverty and hunger eradication.
Multiple metamagnetism, extreme magnetoresistance and nontrivial topological electronic structures in the magnetic semimetal candidate holmium monobismuthide
Authors: Wu Z M , Ruan Y R , Tang F , Zhang L , Fang Y , Zhang J-M , Han Z D , Tang R J , Qian B , Jiang X F 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Inconceivably large changes (up to 106%) of the resistivity induced by external magnetic field—a phenomenon known as the extreme magnetoresistance effect has been reported in a great number of exotic semimetals. The very recent and exciting discoveries mainly pay attention to the compounds without magnetic ground states, which appears to limit the potential growth of semimetal family. For fundamental scientific interests, introduction of spin degree of freedom would provide an almost ideal platform for investigating the correlation effect between magnetism, crystallographic structure and electric resistivity in materials. Here, we report the experimental observation of metamagnetic behaviors and transport properties of HoBi single crystals. Being a magnetic member of the rare earth monopnictide family, the magnetoresistance of HoBi is significantly modulated by the magnetic orders at low temperature, which shows a nonmonotonic increment across the successive magnetic phases and reaches 104% (9 T and 2 K) in the ferromagnetic state. Kohler’s rule predicts that more than one type of carriers dominates the transport properties. Well fitted magnetoresistance and Hall resistivity curves by the semiclassical two-band model suggest that the densities of electron and hole carriers are nearly compensated and the carrier mobilities in this compound are ultrahigh. Besides, the inverted band structures and nonzero Z
2 topological invariant indicate that possible nontrivial electronic states could generate in the ferromagnetic phase of HoBi. Combining the experimental and theoretical results, it is found that the cooperative action of carrier compensation effect and ultrahigh mobility might contribute to the extreme magnetoresistance observed in the titled compound. These findings suggest a paradigm for obtaining the extreme magnetoresistance in magnetic compounds and are relevant to understand the rare-earth-based correlated topological materials.
A Study on Key Factors Influencing Bid Decision Model for Construction Projects
Authors: Kiran Kumar J , Raj Vimal 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Competitive bidding serves as a platform for public/private contractors to execute the works specified by the client. Deciding to bid or not to bid for that job proves to be a major hindrance between the bidder and the work. Smart contractors tend to bid for a work, based on facts studied through a pre-bid survey rather being heuristic in taking their decisions. This paper identifies the potential factors influencing the contractors’ bid decisions for different construction projects through a structured questionnaire survey. The factors were ranked based on their importance and utilized as a base for developing a bid decision model using DEA, a non-parametric approach. These factors govern the framework of bid decision model being developed. DEA creates a favorability score from the top and least ranked factors for each and every bid opportunity with a cut-off value as a reference. The public and private bidders utilize the cut-off value as a pivotal point of making bid decisions. This study serves as a tool for decision making process whenever a bid opportunity is created. This paper also recommends the contractors to utilize the bid model, to not only execute the work successfully, but also to improve the self-credibility and effectiveness among the global market.
Optimization through NSGA-II during machining of A356Al/20%SiCp metal matrix composites using PCD Tool
Authors: Seeman M. , Kanagarajan D. , Sivaraj P. , Seetharaman R. , Devaraju A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Metal matrix composite (MMC) has established growing usages in the engineering for lightweight high-strength application. However, because of abrasive nature of the reinforcement particles in MMC, machinability is reduced, tool wear is high, yet only diamond tools are appropriate for machining MMC. Being a complex process, it is very complicated to establish optimal parameters for improving cutting performance. Tool flank wear (VBmax) and Average surface roughness (Ra) are the most significant output responses, which decide the machinability of a material. The effect of cutting parameters on output responses of tool flank wear and average surface roughness are conflict with each one another so there is no single optimal mixture of cutting parameters. In this study multi regression model function, based on NSGA-II was used to optimize the machining of Al/20%SiCp MMC using tipped polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tool and also characterize the relationship among input parameters and output performance. The NSGA-II based non dominated solutions of 30 combinations chosen from 100 and presented; none of them superior to any other each and every one are best based on engineer requirement.
Effect of Process Parameters in Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Muruganandam D. , Raguraman D. , Kumaraswamidhas L.A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Friction stir welding was invented at Welding institute, United Kingdom in the year 1991 and has ever since been proved to be one of the best solid state joining methods for materials such as aluminium and magnesium. Some of the aluminium alloys which are not able to weld (Al-Cu, Al-Zn-Mg alloy) by fusion welding techniques, which produce defects and reduce the mechanical properties on the weld nugget could be welded using friction stir welding (FSW) successfully with excellent joint efficiencies. However effect of the process parameters on the properties of weldment have not been investigated fully. In this study, 5mm thick plates of aluminium alloys AA2024 (4.4%Cu, 0.6%Mn, 1.6%Mg) and AA7075 (2.5%Mg, 1.4%Cu, 0.2%Cr, 5.6%Zn) is selected for investigation. The FSW welding process was conducted on varying the welding process parameters such as tool rotation speed (RPM), welding speed (mm/min) and tool pin profile by keeping downward force (kN) constant. The properties such as defects, macro and microstructure, micro hardness, tensile and bend behavior on welded plates were studied. Sixteen sets of butt welds were produced using straight and tapered cylindrical with left hand threaded FSW tool pins. It has been found out that defect free weld could be produced with the help of tapered cylindrical with left hand threaded tool pin with tool rotation speed of 600 RPM, welding speed of 30 mm/min and downward force of 2.5 kN