bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exports and left‐behind children: Empirical evidence from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey
Authors: Chen Zexing , Li Bing , Li Tao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe opportunity for jobs and high wages induced by exports have attracted rural laborers in China to work in the cities temporarily, and some parents must leave behind their children in rural areas, called left‐behind children (LBC). Notably, the cause of LBC has not been investigated carefully. In this study, we combine the 2010 to 2015 Chinese trade data with the data from the 2010 to 2015 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS) to identify LBC based on the young children of migrants not living with their parents in the cities, and empirically test the effects of exports on LBC. The results show that under the same income level and other circumstances, the increase in export dependency significantly increases the probability of the migrants’ young children becoming LBC. We construct an instrumental variable to manage the potential endogeneity problems and conduct many other robustness checks, and all the results are consistent. We also examine the heterogeneous effects of exports on LBC and observe that migrants with low income, low education, rural hukou (area of origin) status, and in manufacturing sectors are more vulnerable to exports.Key Words: Exports; Internal Migration; Left‐behind children
Consumer arbitrage in cross‐border e‐commerce
Authors: Anson José , Boffa Mauro , Helble Matthias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn today’s internet markets consumers can search for, find and compare prices worldwide. Online, information circulates faster than offline and arbitrage opportunities such as the ones arising from currency shocks are easily unveiled. In this paper, we estimate for the first‐time exchange rate elasticities for cross‐border e‐commerce transactions. Exploiting a new high‐frequency database on international transactions of parcels, we find that a 1% appreciation of the domestic currency increases e‐commerce imports by 0.7%. Comparing the result with traditional estimates in offline markets, this implies a 50% exchange rate pass‐through online.
Implementation of a patient blood management program in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Editorial, p. 2763)
Authors: Warner Matthew A. , Jambhekar Nilesh S. , Saadeh Salwa , Jacob Eapen K. , Kreuter Justin D. , Mundell William C. , Marquez Alberto , Higgins Andrew A. , Madde Nageswar R. , Hogan William J. , Kor Daryl J. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUNDRecipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are among the highest consumers of allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) components. The impact of patient blood management (PBM) efforts on HSCT recipients is poorly understood.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis observational study assessed changes in blood product use and patient‐centered outcomes before and after implementing a multidisciplinary PBM program for patients undergoing HSCT at a large academic medical center. The pre‐PBM cohort was treated from January 1 through September 31, 2013; the post‐PBM cohort was treated from January 1 through September 31, 2015.RESULTSWe identified 708 patients; 284 of 352 (80.7%) in the pre‐PBM group and 225 of 356 (63.2%) in the post‐PBM group received allogeneic RBCs (p < 0.001). Median (interquartile range [IQR]) RBC volumes were higher before PBM than after PBM (3 [2‐4] units vs. 2 [1‐4] units; p = 0.004). A total of 259 of 284 pre‐PBM patients (91.2%) and 57 of 225 (25.3%) post‐PBM patients received RBC transfusions when hemoglobin levels were more than 7 g/dL (p < 0.001). The median (IQR) PLT transfusion quantities was 3 (2‐5) units for pre‐PBM patients and 2 (1‐4) units for post‐PBM patients (p < 0.001). For patients with PLT counts of more than 10 × 109/L, a total of 1219 PLT units (73.4%) were transfused before PBM and 691 units (48.8%) were transfused after PBM (p < 0.001). Estimated transfusion expenditures were reduced by $617,152 (18.3%). We noted no differences in clinical outcomes or transfusion‐related adverse events.CONCLUSIONPatient blood management implementation for HSCT recipients was associated with marked reductions in allogeneic RBC and PLT transfusions and decreased transfusion‐related costs with no detrimental impact on clinical outcomes.
Dysregulated expression of the key effectors of the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway in cutaneous papillomas of dogs
Authors: Sanz Ressel Berenice L. , Massone Adriana R. , Barbeito Claudio G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCutaneous papillomas (CP) are one of the most common skin neoplasms in dogs. Different murine models have shown that persistent activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway has a central role in the development and progression of CP. The purpose of this study were to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression pattern of two key molecules involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, pAktSer473, and pS6Ser235/236, on 36 canine specimens of CP using a tissue microarray. The results show that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway is persistently activated in CP of dogs, pointing to this pathway as a potential therapeutic target.
Prospective randomized investigation of topical anesthesia during unilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in horses
Authors: Koch Drew W. , Easley Jeremiah T. , Hatzel Jennifer N. , Nelson Brad B. , Hendrickson Dean A. , Bruemmer Jason , Hackett Eileen S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare pain‐related responses in mares receiving topical or injected anesthesia of the ovarian pedicle prior to standing unilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy.Study designProspective randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled study.AnimalsFifteen healthy research mares.MethodsMares were restrained in stocks and administered sedation. A right or left paralumbar ovariectomy was performed by using a laparoscopic portal and two instrument portals. Mares were divided into two treatment groups, and equal volumes of mepivacaine anesthesia were administered either topically (n = 8) or by injection into the ovarian pedicle (n = 7). Saline controls were simultaneously administered topically (n = 7) or by injection (n = 8), and surgeons were blinded to the treatment group. Ovarian removal was performed with traumatic forceps and a blunt tip vessel sealer and divider. Pain responses were measured by operative visual analog scale (VAS) scoring and perioperative serum cortisol response. Visual analog scale and serum cortisol were compared between groups by using Mann–Whitney testing. Serum cortisol concentrations were evaluated using repeated‐measures one‐way analysis of variance.ResultsOvaries were removed in all mares by using the described technique without operative complications. Quantity of sedation required to complete the procedure, operative VAS scores, and perioperative cortisol concentrations did not differ between treatment groups.ConclusionApplication of topical mepivacaine to the ovary provided intraoperative analgesia similar to injection of the ovarian pedicle when performing unilateral standing laparoscopic ovariectomy in mares.Clinical significanceTopical anesthesia application to the ovary could provide an alternative to laparoscopic needle use, reducing the risk of inadvertent trauma to the pedicle or other visceral organs during laparoscopic ovariectomy.
Correlation of distraction index with arthroscopic findings in juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia
Authors: Ulfelder Emily H. , Hudson Caleb C. , Beale Brian S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare distraction index (DI) with hip arthroscopy findings in juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia undergoing unilateral or bilateral double pelvic osteotomy (DPO).Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsTwenty dogs (36 hip joints).MethodsMedical records from dogs undergoing unilateral or bilateral DPO (2011–2016) were reviewed. Distraction index was measured by using distraction view radiographs. Arthroscopic images were analyzed. Cartilage was graded by using the modified Outerbridge scale (0 = arthroscopically normal, 1 = chondromalacia, 2 = surface fibrillation, 3 = deep fissuring, 4 = full‐thickness cartilage loss, and 5 = eburnation of exposed subchondral bone). Dorsal acetabular rim, acetabular labrum, the ligament of head of the femur, and synovitis were graded by using a four‐point scale (normal, mild, moderate, severe). Spearman and Pearson correlations were used to compare DI between grade groups and age.ResultsDistraction index ranged from 0.4 to 1.0 (mean 0.69 ± 0.16). Most of the hips had an arthroscopically normal femoral head and acetabulum in most regions, except for the region at the insertion of the ligament of the head of the femur. There was a low positive correlation between synovitis and DI (Spearman ρ = 0.35,P= .0346). No other differences in DI were identified between grade or age groups.ConclusionThere was a low positive correlation between synovitis and DI. No other differences in DI were identified.Clinical significanceArthroscopic evaluation of the coxofemoral joint prior to DPO can allow detection of joint pathology that might not be appreciated by using traditional radiographic screening criteria.
Socioeconomic circumstances and respiratory function from childhood to early adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rocha Vânia , Soares Sara , Stringhini Silvia , Fraga Sílvia 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveDisadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances in early life have the potential to impact lung function. Thus, this study aimed to summarise evidence on the association between socioeconomic circumstances and respiratory function from childhood to young adulthood.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines, Medline, ISI-Web of Science and Scopus were searched from inception up to January 2018. Original studies on the association between socioeconomic circumstances and respiratory function in early ages (ie, participants younger than 25 years of age) were investigated. Two investigators independently evaluated articles, applied the exclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A meta-analysis of the standardised mean difference and 95% CI in respiratory function between participants from different socioeconomic circumstances was conducted, using a random-effects model.ResultsThirty-three papers were included in this review and 23 showed that disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances were significantly associated with reduced respiratory function. The meta-analysis including seven papers showed a significant difference of −0.31 (95% CI −0.42 to −0.21) litres in forced expiratory volume in the first second between children, adolescents and young adults from disadvantaged versus advantaged socioeconomic circumstances. Specifically a difference of −0.31 (95% CI −0.51 to −0.10) litres in girls and −0.43 (95% CI −0.51 to −0.35) litres in boys was observed.ConclusionsChildren, adolescents and young adults from disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances had lower respiratory function, and boys presented higher respiratory health inequalities. This information contributes to explain the social patterning of respiratory diseases, and might enable health policy makers to tackle respiratory health inequalities at early ages.
Open access policies of leading medical journals: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ellison Tim S , Koder Tim , Schmidt Laura , Williams Amy , Winchester Christopher C 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesAcademical and not-for-profit research funders are increasingly requiring that the research they fund must be published open access, with some insisting on publishing with a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to allow the broadest possible use. We aimed to clarify the open access variants provided by leading medical journals and record the availability of the CC BY licence for commercially funded research.MethodsWe identified medical journals with a 2015 impact factor of ≥15.0 on 24 May 2017, then excluded from the analysis journals that only publish review articles. Between 29 June 2017 and 26 July 2017, we collected information about each journal’s open access policies from their websites and/or by email contact. We contacted the journals by email again between 6 December 2017 and 2 January 2018 to confirm our findings.ResultsThirty-five medical journals publishing original research from 13 publishers were included in the analysis. All 35 journals offered some form of open access allowing articles to be free-to-read, either immediately on publication or after a delay of up to 12 months. Of these journals, 21 (60%) provided immediate open access with a CC BY licence under certain circumstances (eg, to specific research funders). Of these 21, 20 only offered a CC BY licence to authors funded by non-commercial organisations and one offered this option to any funder who required it.ConclusionsMost leading medical journals do not offer to authors reporting commercially funded research an open access licence that allows unrestricted sharing and adaptation of the published material. The journals’ policies are therefore not aligned with open access declarations and guidelines. Commercial research funders lag behind academical funders in the development of mandatory open access policies, and it is time for them to work with publishers to advance the dissemination of the research they fund.
Severe adverse events following benzathine penicillin G injection for rheumatic heart disease prophylaxis: cardiac compromise more likely than anaphylaxis
Authors: Marantelli Shannon , Hand Robert , Carapetis Jonathan , Beaton Andrea , Wyber Rosemary 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveSecondary prophylaxis through long-term antibiotic administration is essential to prevent the progression of acute rheumatic fever to rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Benzathine penicillin G (BPG) has been shown to be the most efficacious antibiotic for this purpose; however, adverse events associated with BPG administration have been anecdotally reported. This study therefore aimed to collate case reports of adverse events associated with BPG administration for RHD prophylaxis.Study designA literature review was used to explore reported adverse reactions to BPG and inform development of a case report questionnaire. This questionnaire was circulated through professional networks to solicit retrospective reports of adverse events from treating physicians. Returned surveys were tabulated and thematically analysed. Reactions were assessed using the Brighton Collaboration case definition to identity potential anaphylaxis.ResultsWe obtained 10 case reports from various locations, with patients ranging in age from early-teens to adults. All patients had clinical or echocardiogram-obtained evidence of valvular disease. The majority of patients (80%) had received BPG prior to the event with no previous adverse reaction. In eight cases, the reaction was fatal; in one case resuscitation was successful and in one case treatment was not required. Only three cases met Level 1 Brighton criteria consistent with anaphylaxis.ConclusionThese results indicate that anaphylaxis is not a major cause of adverse reactions to BPG. An alternative mechanism for sudden death following BPG administration in people with severe RHD is proposed.
Biaxial proximal interphalangeal joint hyperflexions in a five‐year‐old Holstein bull
Authors: Mulon Pierre‐Yves , Snowden Robert T , Videla Ricardo , Anderson David E 
Published: June 2019

A five‐year‐old Holstein bull became lame after dismount during semen collection. Swelling of the pastern of the left front limb was noted. Radiographic images showed biaxial hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal joints in digits III/IV without hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Conservative management (stall confinement and NSAIDs) failed to resolve the lameness. External coaptation to stabilise the joint failed to prevent hyperflexion of the joint within the cast and to improve comfort. Pressure sores developed after seven days. Surgical arthrodesis of the PIP joint was performed on each digit by application of a locking compression plate. The bull healed and arthrodesis of the joints progressed over the next 16 weeks. At that time, the bull was walking sound and was returned to semen collection. One year after surgery, the attending veterinarian reported that the bull remained sound at a walk and was still being used for semen collection.
Westward expansion of soybean: adaptability of maturity group 00 genotypes to row spacing and seeding density under irrigation in southern Alberta
Authors: Thai Tram T.N. , Larney Francis J. , Thomas James E. , Bandara Manjula S. , Pauly Doon G. 
Published: June 2019

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production has moved rapidly westward on the Canadian prairies, most recently arriving in southern Alberta. Adjusting row spacing (RS) and seeding density (SD) to maximize soybean productivity is well-documented for rainfed conditions but not where irrigation is obligatory. A 3 yr study was conducted at two irrigated locations in southern Alberta using two early-maturity [maturity group 00] soybean genotypes planted at two RSs and three SDs. Soybean reached 95% maturity in 114–132 d and only one of six growing environments experienced a killing frost prior to maturity. Wide rows led to 1 d earlier maturity for one genotype in all six environments and increased grain yield (5%–20%) in four out of six environments compared with narrow rows. Increasing SD from 30 to 80 seeds m−2 generally led to increased pod clearance (from 5.0 to 8.4 cm in one environment) and grain (mean increase of 33%, from 2100 to 2800 kg ha−1) and straw yield, but decreased seeds plant−1 (from 94 to 46). Notwithstanding 9% lower cumulative corn heat units during the study, and an average 5 d longer maturity requirement at Lethbridge, soybean performance was equal to Bow Island in many parameters including grain yield. Our findings will help develop recommendations for new soybean growers in the irrigated region of southern Alberta.
AAC Chrome field pea
Authors: Bing Deng-Jin , Beauchesne Don , McLaren Debra , Gan Yantai , Cuthbert Richard 
Published: June 2019

AAC Chrome is a semi-leafless, yellow cotyledon field pea (Pisum sativum L.) variety developed at the Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB. It has high yielding potential, medium maturity, and good lodging resistance. AAC Chrome has a maturity of 95 d and thousand-seed weight of 241 g. AAC Chrome is resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe pisi), moderately tolerant to mycosphaerella blight (caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes), and moderately susceptible to fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum). AAC Chrome is adapted to all field pea growing regions in western Canada.
Transverse conductivity and the pseudogap in YBCO single crystals irradiated with fast electrons
Authors: Khadzhai G. Ya. , Vovk R. V. , Litvinov Yu. V. , Sklyar V. V. , Dobrovolskiy O. V. 
Published: June 2019

Temperature dependences of the electrical resistance along the c-axis of [Formula: see text] single crystals are investigated before and after irradiation with electrons at 0.5–2.5 MeV energies. The irradiation was done at [Formula: see text] K and the irradiation dose was varied from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. An enhancement of the charge carriers localization with increase of the irradiation dose has been revealed. A crossover from the pseudogap (PG) regime to the variable-range hopping conductivity has been observed.
Numerical investigation of the skip characteristics of a disk based on the coupled FEM-SPH method
Authors: Yan Guo-Xin , Pan Guang , Shi Yao , Ma Jian-Ting 
Published: June 2019

The skip phenomenon that may occur when a disk impacts water is a subject of perennial fascination for children as well as adults alike; it is also a fairly complex and highly nonlinear fluid-structure interaction problem. In this paper, the coupled FEM-SPH algorithm is used to numerically study the skip characteristics of disk impacting water. The critical conditions of the skip and the relationship between the initial velocity and the maximum skipping times are obtained. Moreover, the dissipation role of energy during the skipping process is discussed. Our conclusions can provide references for other similar issues, such as aircraft ditching, trans-medium vehicles, bouncing projectiles and so on.
IMPROVEMENT OF WEAR RESISTANCE OF SHREDDER BLADES USED IN A REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL (RDF) FACILITY BY PLASMA NITRIDING
Authors: AYDIN HAKAN , BOSTANCI FURKAN 
Published: June 2019

Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is a kind of renewable energy source to produce energy for replacement of fossil fuels. Aggressive working conditions in RDF facilities cause the shredder blades to wear out quickly. So, the purpose of this paper was to study the effect of plasma-nitriding process on wear resistance of shredder blades made of AISI D2 tool steel in the service condition of RDF facility. Shredder blades were commercially available from two different suppliers (A and B suppliers). These hardened shredder blades were plasma-nitrided in the mixed nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere at a volume ratio of 3:1 at 450∘C for 12, 18 and 24[Formula: see text]h at a total pressure of 250 Pa. Characterisation of plasma-nitrided layers on the shredder blades was carried out by means of microstructure and microhardness measurements. Wear tests of plasma-nitrided shredder blades were performed under actual working conditions in the RDF facility. Wear analysis of these shredder blades was conducted using three-dimensional (3D) optical measuring instrument GOM ATOS II. The compositional difference of the shredder blades provided by A and B suppliers played an important role on the nitrided layer. The case depth of A-blades significantly increased with increasing plasma-nitriding time. However, the case depth of B-blades was fairly lower at the same nitriding time and only slightly increased with increasing plasma-nitriding time. Plasma-nitriding process significantly improved the surface hardness of the shredder blades. Maximum surface hardness values were achieved at nitriding time of 18 h for both blades. In this case, this increase in surface hardness values was above 100%. At nitriding time of 24[Formula: see text]h, the maximum surface hardness of A-blades significantly decreased, whereas this decrease in surface hardness of B-blades was the negligible value. The wear test results showed that plasma-nitriding process significatly decreased the wear of shredder blades; 18 h nitriding for A-blades and 24[Formula: see text]h nitriding for B-blades had better wear-reducing ability in the service condition of RDF facility. In these cases, the decreases in the total volume wear loss for A- and B-blades were 53% and 60%, respectively.