bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors predicting kidney delayed graft function among recipients of simultaneous liver‐kidney transplantation: A single‐center experience
Authors: Korayem Islam M. , Agopian Vatche G. , Lunsford Keri E. , Gritsch Hans A. , Veale Jeffrey L. , Lipshutz Gerald S. , Yersiz Hasan , Serrone Coney L. , Kaldas Fady M. , Farmer Douglas G. , Bunnapradist Suphamai , Danovitch Gabriel M. , Busuttil Ronald W. , Zarrinpar Ali 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundKidney delayed graft function (kDGF) remains a challenging problem following simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation (SLKT) with a reported incidence up to 40%. Given the scarcity of renal allografts, it is crucial to minimize the development of kDGF among SLKT recipients to improve patient and graft outcomes. We sought to assess the role of preoperative recipient and donor/graft factors on developing kDGF among recipients of SLKT.MethodsA retrospective review of 194 patients who received SLKT in the period from January 2004 to March 2017 in a single center was performed to assess the effect of preoperative factors on the development of kDGF.ResultsKidney delayed graft function was observed in 95 patients (49%). Multivariate analysis revealed that donor history of hypertension, cold static preservation of kidney grafts [versus using hypothermic pulsatile machine perfusion (HPMP)], donor final creatinine, physiologic MELD, and duration of delay of kidney transplantation after liver transplantation were significant independent predictors for kDGF. kDGF is associated with worse graft function and patient and graft survival.ConclusionsKidney delayed graft function has detrimental effects on graft function and graft survival. Understanding the risks and combining careful perioperative patient management, proper recipient selection and donor matching, and graft preservation using HPMP would decrease kDGF among SLKT recipients.
Long‐term outcome of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for biliary strictures following pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Sanada Yukihiro , Katano Takumi , Hirata Yuta , Yamada Naoya , Okada Noriki , Onishi Yasuharu , Yasuda Yoshikazu , Mizuta Koichi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe present a retrospective analysis of our experience with pediatric liver transplantation (LT), focusing on the long‐term outcome of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) for post‐transplant biliary strictures.MethodsFifty‐three PTBDs were performed for 41 pediatric recipients with biliary strictures. The median ages at LT and PTBD were 1.4 and 4.4 years, respectively. The median observation period was 10.6 years.ResultsPost‐transplant biliary strictures comprised anastomotic stricture (AS) in 28 cases, nonanastomotic stricture (NAS) in 12, anastomotic obstruction (AO) in 8, and nonanastomotic obstruction (NAO) in 5. The success rate of PTBD was 90.6%, and the 15‐year primary patency rate of PTBD was 52.6%. The recurrence rate of biliary strictures after PTBD was 18.8% (9/48), and among the four NAS cases with recurrence, two underwent re‐LT. The biliary obstruction rate was 27.1% (13/48). Among the eight cases with AO, five underwent the rendezvous method and three underwent surgical re‐anastomosis. Among the five cases with NAO, one underwent re‐LT. The recipient survival rate of PTBD treatment was 100%.ConclusionsThe graft prognosis of AS by PTBD treatment is good and AO is curable by the rendezvous method and surgical re‐anastomosis. However, the graft prognosis of NAS and NAO is poor.
Supply Chain Network Redesign: A Technical Note on Optimising Financial Performance
Authors: Jahani Hamed , Abbasi Babak , Talluri Srinivas 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTSupply chain network (SCN) redesign is a strategic decision that requires the consideration of several important financial aspects. A review of the supply chain network design (SCND) literature shows that most of the provided solutions lack the measurement and incorporation of the company's financial performance. This study extends the SCN redesign model, introduced by Jahani et al. (2018), in order to allow financial performance optimization instead of profit maximization. The model uses essential accounts existing in the basic financial statements of an SCN company to delineate how the strategic financial considerations can influence the network structure and its operational flows. It ascertains the future financial position of the company, as well as the optimal levels of loans and the proportion of available cash required for financing the new design. We examine the applicability of the model by consolidating financial data with the case study used in Jahani et al. (2018). We evaluate the resulting financial ratios of the new model with existing ratios aimed at representing the reliability of the model and introducing future targets. This study offers several managerial insights. For instance, consideration of inventory values as a current asset in designing an SCN leads to a realistic design aligned with financial statements that are also reportable to creditors and investors.
Children lose confidence in their potential to “be scientists,” but not in their capacity to “do science”
Authors: Lei Ryan F. , Green Emily R. , Leslie Sarah‐Jane , Rhodes Marjorie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOver the course of middle childhood, children's interest and beliefs about their own capacities for success in science often decline. This pernicious decline is especially evident among underrepresented groups, including girls, members of some racial and ethnic minorities, and children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The present research (N = 306, ages 6–11) found that while children lose interest and feelings of efficacy about their potential to “be scientists” across middle childhood, they maintain more robust interest and efficacy about “doing science.” These patterns were confirmed in both longitudinal and cross‐sectional analyses; effects were stable or increased across time and age. Mediation analyses revealed that the positive effect of action framing is partially accounted for by children's views that the group of people who do science is more inclusive than the category of scientists. These findings suggest that using action‐focused language to encourage children in science is more inclusive and may lead to more science engagement across middle childhood than language that emphasizes scientists as an identity category. Implications for educational practices will be discussed.
Testosterone deficiency in men with Type 2 diabetes: pathophysiology and treatment
Authors: Gianatti E. J. , Grossmann M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEpidemiological studies consistently demonstrate that lowered serum testosterone is not only common in men with established Type 2 diabetes, but also predicts future diabetic risks and increased mortality. Preclinical studies report plausible mechanisms by which low testosterone could mediate dysglycaemia. Exogenous testosterone treatment consistently reduces fat mass, increases muscle mass and improves insulin resistance in some studies, but the majority of currently available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) do not report a consistent glycaemic benefit. In men with diabetes, testosterone treatment effects on androgen deficiency‐like clinical features are inconsistent, and effects on sexual dysfunction may be attenuated compared with men without diabetes. The long‐term risks of testosterone treatment in older men without medical disease of the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis are not known. Current RCTs are not definitive, owing to their small size, short duration and enrolment of men with mostly relatively good baseline glycaemic control not specifically selected for the presence of androgen deficiency symptoms. Although large, well‐designed clinical trials are needed, given the benefit–risk ratio of testosterone treatment is not well understood, routine serum testosterone testing or testosterone treatment of asymptomatic men with Type 2 diabetes is currently not recommended. Carefully selected, symptomatic men with low testosterone who are informed of the lack of high‐level evidence regarding the long‐term benefits and risks of this approach may be offered a trial of testosterone treatment in combination with lifestyle measures, weight loss and optimization of comorbidities.
Differential vascular effects of aspirin in people with Type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular disease and matched controls without diabetes
Authors: Vernstrøm L. , Laugesen E. , Grove E. L. , Baier J. M. , Gullaksen S. , Hvas A.‐M. , Poulsen P. L. , Funck K. L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimWe investigated whether the effect of low‐dose aspirin on endothelium‐dependent vasodilation and arterial stiffness in people with Type 2 diabetes is different from a matched control group. We examined acute and chronic effects, and effects over the 24h dosing interval.MethodsIn an open‐label parallel group intervention study, we included 21 participants with Type 2 diabetes and 21 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Endothelium‐dependent vasodilation was assessed as the reactive hyperaemia index (lnRHI) measured by peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT®). Arterial stiffness was assessed as pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured by applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor®). Measurements were performed prior to aspirin intake and 1h after aspirin administration (75 mg). Participants were then treated for 6 days, and measurements were repeated at 24 h and 1 h after aspirin intake.ResultsBaseline lnRHI did not differ between groups. The controls had an immediate increase in lnRHI after the first aspirin tablet. This was not observed in participants with diabetes (difference between groups; P < 0.05). After 1 week, both groups demonstrated increased lnRHI compared with baseline (P < 0.01). In participants with diabetes, lnRHI was significantly lower 24 h after aspirin administration compared with 1 h after administration (P < 0.05). This difference was not observed in controls (P = 0.84, difference between groups; P = 0.12). The effect on PWV did not differ between groups.ConclusionAspirin had a reduced immediate effect on endothelium‐dependent vasodilation in participants with diabetes. Both groups had improved endothelial function after 1 week of treatment. Further, the effect of aspirin on endothelial function may be declining during a 24 h dosing interval in people with Type 2 diabetes. (Clinical Trial Registry No: 2016‐000515‐32)
Burden of neurodegenerative diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2016: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Authors: Fereshtehnejad S.‐M. , Vosoughi K. , Heydarpour P. , Sepanlou S. G. , Farzadfar F. , Tehrani‐Banihashemi A. , Malekzadeh R. , Sahraian M. A. , Vollset S. E. , Naghavi M. , Vos T. , Feigin V. , Murray C. , Mokdad A. H. , Moradi‐Lakeh M. ,   Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators – Neurological Diseases Section
Published: April 2019

Background and purposeThe Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is experiencing a demographic shift towards rapid aging at a time of political unrest. We aimed to estimate the burden of neurodegenerative disorders and its relationship with sociodemographic index in the EMR countries from 1990 to 2016.MethodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, we calculated country‐specific trends for prevalence, mortality, disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALY), years of life lost and years lived with disability (YLD) for Alzheimer's disease/other dementias and Parkinson's disease in the EMR during 1990–2016.ResultsIn the EMR, the age‐standardized prevalence rate of Alzheimer's disease/other dementias and Parkinson's disease was estimated at 759.8/100 000 (95% uncertainty intervals, 642.9–899.9) and 87.1/100 000 (95% uncertainty intervals, 69.8–108.2) people in 2016, demonstrating 0.01% and 42.3% change from 1990, respectively. Neurodegenerative disorders contributed to 5.4% of total DALY and 4.6% of total YLD among the older EMR population (70 years of age or older in 2016). Age‐standardized DALY due to Parkinson's disease were strongly correlated with the sociodemographic index level (r = 0.823, P < 0.001). The YLD:DALY ratio of neurodegenerative diseases declined during this period in the low‐income but not the high‐income EMR countries.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated an increasing trend in the burden of dementias and Parkinson's disease in most EMR countries between 1990 and 2016. With aging of the EMR populations, countries should target the modifiable risk factors of neurodegenerative diseases to control their increasing burden.
The cerebrospinal fluid CD4/CD8 ratio and interleukin‐6 and ‐10 levels in neurosarcoidosis: a multicenter, pragmatic, comparative study
Authors: Chazal T. , Costopoulos M. , Maillart E. , Fleury C. , Psimaras D. , Legendre P. , Pineton de Chambrun M. , Haroche J. , Lubetzki C. , Amoura Z. , Legarff‐Tavernier M. , Cohen Aubart F. 
Published: April 2019

Background and purposeNeurosarcoidosis is a rare inflammatory disorder of unknown cause. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of T/B lymphocyte population counts and the concentrations of the cytokines interleukin (IL) 6 and IL‐10 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neurosarcoidosis patients.MethodsA retrospective study CSF biomarkers was conducted in patients with neurosarcoidosis who underwent CSF analysis between 2012 and 2017 as well as various control populations.ResultsForty‐three patients with neurosarcoidosis, 14 with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 48 with other inflammatory disorders were analyzed. The CSF IL‐6 levels were higher in sarcoidosis patients than in MS patients (median 8 vs. 3 pg/ml, P = 0.006). The CSF CD4/CD8 ratio was higher in sarcoidosis patients than in MS patients and in patients with other inflammatory disorders (median 3.18 vs. 2.36 and 2.10, respectively, P = 0.008). The CSF IL‐6 level was higher in patients with active neurosarcoidosis than in non‐active neurosarcoidosis patients (median 13 vs. 3 pg/ml, P = 0.0005). In patients with neurosarcoidosis, a CSF IL‐6 concentration >50 pg/ml was associated with a higher risk of relapse or progression‐free survival (hazard ratio 3.60; 95% confidence interval 1.78–23.14). A refractory neurosarcoidosis patient was treated with an anti‐IL‐6 monoclonal antibody that produced a complete neurological response.ConclusionsThe CSF CD4/CD8 ratio and IL‐6 concentration are increased in neurosarcoidosis compared to MS and other inflammatory disorders. A CSF IL‐6 concentration >50 pg/ml is associated with relapse or progression of neurosarcoidosis. IL‐10 levels may be elevated in neurosarcoidosis.
A microbiome analysis of equine peripheral dental caries using next generation sequencing
Authors: Borkent D. , Reardon R. J. M. , McLACHLAN G. , GLENDINNING L. , Dixon P. M. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundAlthough, peripheral caries (PC) affects almost half of UK horses, no comprehensive microbiological study has been performed on this disorder. As a high proportion of oral bacteria cannot be conventionally cultured, molecular microbiological techniques such as Next Generation Sequencing are required to examine the complex oral bacteria community.ObjectivesTo identify the microbiota involved in equine PC, including comparing microbiota at the more commonly and severely affected three caudal cheek teeth with the less commonly affected three rostral cheek teeth.Study design and MethodsEquine dental plaque samples were collected from the palatal aspects of cheek teeth of 63 horses. DNA was isolated and amplified using PCR, targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and Next Generation Sequencing of these gene amplicons was performed. The acquired data were processed and analysed using Mothur and R.ResultsStreptococcus species was the genus most commonly associated with equine PC, whereas Gemella species was the genus most associated with the control group. In a further analysis where the rostral and caudal cheek teeth were compared with each other and with the control group. Veillonella species was the most commonly associated genus with PC of the rostral cheek teeth, Streptococcus species was the most associated genus with the caudal cheek teeth, and Corynebacterium with the control group.Main limitationsSome bacteria can have multiple heterogeneous copies of the 16S rRNA gene, which can affect the estimation of their relative abundance.ConclusionsSimilar to caries studies in other species, acidogenic and aciduric microorganisms including Streptococcus species were found to be associated with equine peripheral caries.
Synovial sepsis of unknown origin in the adult Thoroughbred racehorse
Authors: Byrne C. A. , Lumsden J. M. , Lang H. M. , O'Sullivan C. B. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundSynovial sepsis of unknown origin is a rare cause of lameness in the adult horse, and a haematogenous pathogenesis has been proposed in previous cases.ObjectivesTo describe the features and outcome of synovial sepsis of unknown origin in adult Thoroughbred racehorses.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsHospital records for admissions between 2005 and 2015 were reviewed to identify adult horses diagnosed with synovial sepsis of unknown origin. Presentation, clinicopathological, microbiological and diagnostic imaging findings were recorded. Treatment methods, surgical findings, complications and long‐term outcome were evaluated.ResultsEleven cases were identified over the study period. Diagnosis was established from clinical examination and clinicopathologic findings, which were comparable to other aetiologies of synovial sepsis. Affected structures included synovial joints, tendon sheaths and bursae. Concurrent osteochondritis dissecans or articular cartilage lesions were evident during arthroscopic surgery in three cases. Significant intrasynovial haemorrhage was not identified. Microbial culture of synovial fluid or synovial biopsy was positive in 6/11 of cases, with all isolates being Gram‐positive cocci. Of the 6 positive microbial cultures, all isolates demonstratedin vitrosensitivity to a cephalosporin antimicrobial agent. A concurrent remote wound was present in a single case. No other potential origins of bacteraemia were identified. Treatment methods included endoscopic surgery, standing multineedle lavage, intravenous regional limb perfusion, intrasynovial medication and/or systemic antimicrobial administration. All horses survived to hospital discharge. For the 6/11 cases that raced following synovial sepsis, the median period for return to racing was 221 days.Main limitationsA small study population, which was retrospectively reviewed.ConclusionsSynovial sepsis of unknown origin is rare in the adult Thoroughbred racehorse and can affect a range of synovial structures. A concurrent potential source of bacteraemia is rarely identified. With appropriate management, the prognosis to return to racing is fair.
Intra‐articular triamcinolone acetonide improves lung function in horses with severe asthma
Authors: Bessonnat A. , Picotte K. , Lavoie J. P. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundLocally administered corticosteroids are commonly used to treat joint diseases in sport and racehorses. As they are also the most potent drugs for the treatment of equine asthma, we hypothesised that the intra‐articular corticosteroids used to treat joint diseases also improve the lung function in horses with severe asthma, thus potentially delaying the diagnosis of this common lung condition.ObjectivesTo compare the effects of intra‐articular (IA) and intramuscular (IM) triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on lung function in horses with severe asthma.Study designRandomised and controlled experiment on asthma‐prone research animals.MethodsHorses with severe asthma in clinical exacerbation were given either 20 mg of TA in both tarsocrural joints (n = 5; 40 mg/horse) or 40 mg of TA intramuscularly (n = 5). Lung function and TA serum concentrations were measured weekly for 35 days. TA serum concentrations were also evaluated on day 3.ResultsThe pulmonary resistance (RL) and elastance (EL) values decreased by day 7 in the IA group (P<0.0001 and P = 0.003, respectively) and by day 14 in the IM group (P = 0.002 and 0.03, respectively). Lung function was improved up to days 21 and 28 in the IA and IM groups, respectively, when compared with baseline. TA serum levels were below the quantification limit (100 pg/ml) for 4 and 3 of the 5 horses in the IA and IM groups, respectively, on day 7. The area under the curve for RL, ELand the serum concentrations of TA were similar in both groups.Main limitationsThe response of horses with severe asthma might differ from that of high‐performance horses with mild/moderate asthma.ConclusionsIntra‐articular administration of TA improves lung function in horses with severe asthma, an effect that persists when TA serum concentration is below the quantification level that is employed as a threshold by the International Association of Racing Commissioners.
Expression and biological functions of the CCL5‐CCR5 axis in oral lichen planus
Authors: Shan Jing , Li Shan , Wang Chen , Liu Lin , Wang Xuewei , Zhu Dandan , Fan Yuan , Xu Juanyong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disorder with T cell‐mediated immunological pathogenesis. C‐C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) and its receptor C‐C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) play important roles in the activation and recruitment of T cells. This study sought to explore the expression and biological functions of the CCL5‐CCR5 axis in OLP. We examined the expression of the CCL5‐CCR5 axis in the peripheral blood and oral tissue of healthy controls and patients with OLP using quantitative real‐time PCR, Simple Western assays, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry. In addition, we investigated the effects of the CCL5‐CCR5 axis on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of OLP T cells using Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay. We found that the expression of the CCL5‐CCR5 axis was significantly elevated both in the peripheral blood and oral tissue of patients with OLP compared with healthy controls. CCL5 not only promoted OLP T‐cell proliferation and migration but also inhibited OLP T‐cell apoptosis. Moreover, CCR5 inhibition suppressed OLP T‐cell proliferation and migration, whereas OLP T‐cell apoptosis was promoted. In conclusion, our data suggest that the CCL5‐CCR5 axis may be closely related to the inflammatory infiltration of T cells in OLP.
Managerial effect or firm effect: Evidence from the private debt market
Authors: Francis Bill B. , Hasan Iftekhar , Zhu Yun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper provides evidence that the managerial effect is a key determinant of firms’ cost of capital, in the context of private debt contracting. Applying the novel empirical method developed by an earlier study to a large sample that tracks the job movement of top managers, we find that the managerial effect is a critical and significant factor that explains a large part of the variation in loan contract terms more accurately than firm fixed effects. Additional evidence shows that banks “follow” managers when they change jobs and offer loan contracts with preferential terms to their new firms.