bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking Behavior and Social Identity: Correlates of Phantom Smoking Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Other Sexual and Gender Diverse Young Adults
Authors: Guillory Jamie , Crankshaw Erik , Alam Ishrat Z , Curry Laurel , Saunders McKinley , Malterud Andie , Budenz Alex , Hoffman Leah , Ganz Ollie , Alexander Allison 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
LGBTQ+ populations and people who smoke face stigma. This may lead to distancing oneself from smoking-related stigma by becoming a phantom smoker (i.e., reporting smoking, but not identifying as a smoker).

Aims and Methods
We explored correlates of phantom cigarette smoking among LGBTQ+ young adults. Participants were US young adults (18–24 years) who identified as LGBTQ+, reported any past 30-day cigarette smoking, and had a valid response for smoker self-identification (unique N = 5545). We incorporated data from participants who completed one or more of the seven surveys from the FDA’s This Free Life campaign evaluation (February 2016–July 2019). Multivariable panel regression models with unweighted data examined phantom smoking correlates.

Results
Over 60% of the sample were phantom smokers. Compared with self-identified smokers, phantom smokers were younger, more likely to be gay men than lesbian/gay women, and more likely to be non-Hispanic White than non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or non-Hispanic people of other races/ethnicities. Phantom smokers were more likely to have a college plus education (vs. high school or less) and report past 30-day alcohol use. Phantom smokers smoked on fewer of the past 30 days and were less likely to report positive cessation attitudes, nicotine dependence, and current e-cigarette or other tobacco product use.

Conclusions
This is the first known study to explore factors associated with phantom smoking among LGBTQ+ young adults. Over half of young adult smokers were phantom smokers. Tobacco education for LGBTQ+ populations should consider phantom smoking and cessation implications to tailor content for phantom and self-identified smokers.

Implications
We examined predictors of phantom smoking (current smoking but denying smoker identity) among LGBTQ+ young adult smokers, which has not yet been explored among this population. Phantom (vs. self-identified) smokers were less likely to be lesbian/gay women (vs. gay men) or from a racial/ethnic minority group and more likely to report past 30-day alcohol use. Phantom smokers reported less tobacco use, lower nicotine dependence, and less favorable cessation attitudes. Phantom smokers comprised most smokers in our sample. Findings suggest the importance of addressing this unique aspect of LGBTQ+ smoking in research, clinical settings, and tailored tobacco public education messages.
Patients’ psychosocial attributes and aggressiveness of cancer treatments near the end of life
Authors: Restivo Léa , Rochigneux Philippe , Bouhnik Anne-Déborah , Arciszewski Thomas , Bourmaud Aurélie , Capodano Géraldine , Ducoulombier Agnès , Mancini Julien , Duffaud Florence , Gonçalves Anthony , Apostolidis Thémis , Proux Aurélien 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
While the use of chemotherapy near the end of life (EOL) has been identified as a relevant criterion for assessing quality of cancer care and has been estimated as non-beneficial, a trend of aggressiveness in cancer care during the last period of life remains. Both patients’ sociodemographic characteristics and physicians’ practice setting are associated with this use. The role of patients’ psychosocial characteristics has however been understudied. The objectives were to study oncologists’ intention to recommend chemotherapy or therapeutic abstention in an EOL patient’s case and to examine the factors associated with this decision.

Methods
A clinical vignette-based questionnaire survey was conducted. While the case presented to the participating oncologists of a patient with EGFR-mutated lung cancer, progressing after osimertinib, ECOG 3, with leptomeningeal disease (N = 146), was strictly equivalent in terms of medical aspects and age, 4 patients’ non-medical characteristics were manipulated: gender, marital status, parenthood, and psychosocial characteristics (“nice” patients, patients “making strong demands,” or control patients).

Results
77.4% of the oncologists surveyed stated that they would recommend chemotherapy in this situation. Only scenarios with nice patients or patients making strong demands were associated with less recommendation of chemotherapy (70.8% for the nice/making strong demands scenarios together vs 87.7%, for the control scenario P = .017). Medical oncologists with previous experience of similar cases were also less keen to recommend chemotherapy (73% vs 100%, P = .007). Of the 76.7% of respondents declaring that they would think of other therapeutic options, 49.1% mentioned “other treatments” without mentioning palliative care.

Conclusion
Developing physicians’ awareness of the psychosocial aspects at stake in their medical decisions in these sensitive situations may improve EOL care.
Germline BRCA pathogenic variants and hematologic adverse events in patients with ovarian carcinoma receiving PARP inhibitors: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Valenza Carmine , Nicolò Eleonora , Mongillo Marta , Trapani Dario , Katrini Jalissa , Boldrini Laura , Boscolo Bielo Luca , Castellano Grazia , Guidi Lorenzo , Pellizzari Gloria , Villa Jacopo , Derio Silvia , Lapresa Mariateresa , Gigli Federica , Parma Gabriella , Omodeo Salè Emanuela , Derenzini Enrico , Curigliano Giuseppe , Colombo Nicoletta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with a germline BRCA pathogenic variant (gBRCA-PV) and advanced high grade ovarian carcinoma (aHGOC) experience higher hematologic adverse events (HAEs) when receiving platinum salts and ionizing radiations, compared to non-carriers, due to a possible higher susceptibility of the hemopoietic stem cells to DNA targeting agents. However, the incidence of PARP inhibitor (PARPi)-related HAEs according to the gBRCA-PV status is currently unknown.

Patients and Methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study to describe the occurrence of HAEs in patients with aHGOC receiving ≥8 weeks of maintenance PARPi in any line of therapy, comparing gBRCA-PVs carriers to non-carriers. HAEs were manually identified by searching the patients’ electronic medical records and classified by CTCAE v5.0. The main endpoint was the incidence rate of any HAE (ie, anaemia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia) of grade 2 or more (G ≥ 2).

Results
One hundred and sixty-six patients were included; 95 (57%) had a gBRCA-PV. In total, 162 incident cases of G ≥ 2 HAEs were reported over 255.3 person-years. The incidence rates of G ≥ 2 HAEs were 1003/1000 person-years in gBRCA-PV carriers and 993/1000 person-years in non-carriers. No difference in the incidence rate of G ≥ 2 HAEs emerged comparing gBRCA-PV carriers to non-carriers (crude-incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.43; P = .96), even after adjusting for the type of PARPi (Mantel-Haenszel IRR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.46).

Conclusion
Patients with aHGOC and a gBRCA-PV do not experience higher PARPi-related HAEs compared to non-gBRCA-PV carriers, unlike platinum salt-related HAEs.
SORTING NEXIN1 facilitates SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE1 protein accumulation to enhance salt tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Song Ru-Feng , Liao Cai-Yi , Wang Lin-Feng , Lu Kai-Kai , Zhang Chi , Wu Run-Xin , Wu Ji-Xiao , Ma Yu-Qing , Kuang Lei , Guo Ning , Yuan Hong-Mei , Liu Wen-Cheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM)-localized Na+/H+ antiporter Salt Overly Sensitive1 (SOS1) is essential for plant salt tolerance through facilitating Na+ efflux; however, how SOS1 localization and protein accumulation is regulated in plants remains elusive. Here, we report that Sorting Nexin 1 (SNX1) is required for plant salt-stress tolerance through affecting endosomal trafficking of SOS1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Disruption of SNX1 caused salt hypersensitivity with increased Na+ accumulation and decreased Na+ efflux in Arabidopsis when challenged with high salinity stress. SNX1 co-localized and interacted with SOS1 in endosomes, promoting its PM localization and protein stability in plants under saline conditions. SOS1 overexpression promoted salt tolerance in the wild-type, whereas such effect was greatly compromised in the snx1-2 mutant. Pharmaceutical results showed that SOS1 recycling from the cytosol to the PM was largely blocked while its vacuolar degradation was accelerated in the snx1-2 mutant. Furthermore, salt-induced SOS1 phosphorylation enhanced its interaction and co-localization with SNX1, which is required for SOS1 PM localization in plants. Our study elucidates that SNX1 facilitates SOS1 PM localization and protein accumulation through endosomal trafficking, thereby enhancing salt tolerance in plants.
Interpersonal hope and loving attention
Authors: Rioux Catherine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Imagine that your lover or close friend has embraced a difficult long-term goal, such as advancing environmental justice, breaking a bad habit, or striving to become a better person. Which stance should you adopt towards their prospects for success? Does supporting our significant others in the pursuit of valuable goals require ignoring part of our evidence? I argue that we have special reasons––reasons grounded in friendship––to hope that our loved ones succeed in their difficult goals. I further propose that hope is an attitude governed by distinctive norms of epistemic rationality. It has a unique impact on motivation and rational action and a special capacity to be met with uptake in hope. Owing to these features, hope is the central attitudinal dimension of truly amiable support based on ‘just vision’.
Study of Radon Removal Performance of Silver-Ion Exchanged Zeolite from Air for Underground Experiments
Authors: Sone T , Takeuchi Y , Matsukura M , Nakano Y , Ogawa H , Sekiya H , Wakihara T , Hirano S , Taniguchi A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Radon is a common background source for underground astroparticle physics experiments and its removal is essential. In this study, we fabricated several prototype silver-ion exchanged zeolites, measured their radon adsorption properties, and evaluated their applicability for radon removal in underground experiments. As a result, we succeeded in producing a prototype silver-ion exchanged zeolite that showed better radon adsorption properties than preceding studies.
Teacher Labor Market Policy and the Theory of the Second Best
Authors: Bates Michael , Dinerstein Michael , Johnston Andrew C , Sorkin Isaac 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We estimate a matching model of teachers and elementary schools with rich data on teachers' applications and principals' ratings from a large, urban district in North Carolina. Both teachers’ and principals’ preferences deviate from those that would maximize the achievement of economically disadvantaged students: teachers prefer schools with fewer disadvantaged students, and principals' ratings are weakly related to teacher effectiveness. In equilibrium, these two deviations combine to produce a surprisingly equitable current allocation, where teacher quality is balanced across advantaged and disadvantaged students. To close achievement gaps, policies that address deviations on one side alone are ineffective or harmful, while policies that address both could substantially increase the achievement of disadvantaged students.
The innovation–inclusion nexus in countries of Latin America: foresight for shaping new policy approaches
Authors: Aguirre-Bastos Carlos , Bortagaray Isabel , Weber K. Matthias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Latin America improved poverty and inequity conditions in the past decades. Despite such progress and the adoption of new policies, inclusive development remains a major challenge. To attain inclusive development, it is crucial to advance toward renewed policies that explicitly include transformative innovation and close existing gaps in the innovation–inclusion nexus. Foresight promises to help bridge such gaps, but the practice of literature on addressing this role is scarce. For our analysis, we adopt a three-level conceptual and analytical framework, focusing on (1) the evolution of policies for inclusive development; (2) the evolution of research and innovation policy approaches to inclusive development; and (3) the extent to which foresight has been used in underpinning a more systemic policy approach. Using this framework, we examine the situation of four Latin American countries that adopted different approaches to innovation and inclusive development and discuss the potential of foresight to contribute to policies that effectively address the innovation–inclusion nexus.
Navigating (De)Conversion While Maintaining Social Relations Across Different Religions in Flanders (Belgium)
Authors: Van Praag Lore , Klaver Kaya , Verschraegen Gert , Loobuyck Patrick 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Religious (de)conversion trajectories often involve shifts in social networks, both within and outside religious communities. This paper explores two key aspects: first, the strategies used by (de)converts in Flanders (Belgium) to communicate their (de)conversion, and second, how they experienced the reactions of their social networks, shaped by the organization of their religious groups. Based on 43 in-depth interviews with individuals who have recently (de)converted from and to Islam, Christianity, Judaism, or a secular worldview, the thematic analysis shows that most participants revealed their (de)conversion gradually, often anticipating reactions. Some led “two lives” to maintain harmony with family and social networks, seeing this as an act of love. While some relationships were disrupted, many were eventually restored. Notably, differences in communication strategies and social reactions were found depending on the structure and nature of the religious groups involved.
Real-world use of the CarestartTM glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase rapid diagnostic test to determine G6PD deficiency in Nigerian neonates
Authors: Orubu Ejiroghene , Satrom Katherine , Ezenwa Beatrice , Fajolu Iretiola , Lund Troy , Obi Abigail , Ezeaka Chinyere , Slusher Tina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
G6PD deficiency (G6PDd) is the most common X-linked genetic disease worldwide and the most common cause of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH) in Nigeria. Screening for G6PDd has been recommended for over thirty years but is still not routinely done in Nigeria. We sought to investigate a low-cost rapid diagnostic test to determine G6PDd in Nigerian neonates. Enrolled neonates were screened using the CareStartTM G6PD point-of-care rapid diagnostic test; and mothers/caregivers of neonates with G6PDd were asked about their cord care product(s); transcutaneous bilirubin levels were done on neonates with G6PDd using the JM 103 meter. One hundred and forty neonates were enrolled between 15 January and 1 July 2022. Eighteen (12.8%) of all neonates enrolled and 13.9% of enrolled males (0% of females) were G6PDd. Seventeen of the mothers/caregivers of the G6PDd neonates were asked about cord care. The majority of mothers/caregivers (15/17, 88%%) reported including methylated spirits in their neonate’s cord care; seven of these used chlorohexidine plus methylated spirits (41.2%) while only one mother/caregiver used chlorohexidine alone. One mother/caregiver used mentholatum alone and another used mentholatum, chlorhexidine gel, and methylated spirits. Maximum bilirubin levels for those infants with G6PDd ranged from 3.2 to 18.8 mg/dl with 16/17 (94.1%) of bilirubin levels exceeding 5.5 mg/dl. This study again highlights the need for large-scale G6PDd screening. Additionally, it highlights the need to correlate the type of cord care with the risk of NH in future studies.
A systematic review of variables associated with snakebite risk in spatial and temporal analyses
Authors: Collinson Shelui , Lamb Thomas , Cardoso Iara A , Diggle Peter J , Lalloo David G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Snakebite is a priority neglected tropical disease, but incidence data are lacking; current estimates rely upon incomplete health facility reports or ad hoc surveys. Spatial analysis methods harness statistical associations between case incidence and spatially varying factors to improve estimates. This systematic review aimed to identify variables associated with snakebite risk in spatial and temporal analyses for inclusion in geospatial studies to improve risk estimation accuracy.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Global Health, PubMed and Web of Science in January 2023 for studies published since 1980 assessing snakebite outcomes and spatially varying factors at the setting level. Study quality was assessed using an adapted Joanna Briggs Institute tool. The results are presented by narrative synthesis.

Results
Thirty-five studies were eligible; the majority were from Central and South America (18), then Asia (11). Climate and environment were most frequently assessed, with temperature, humidity and tree cover predominantly positively associated with snakebite risk, drought negatively associated and altitude negative/mixed. Crop and livestock variables mostly showed positive associations; population density and urban residence overwhelmingly displayed negative associations.

Conclusions
This review identifies key variables that should be considered in future snakebite risk research. Limitations include low research availability from the highest risk regions. There is an evident need for greater research into snakebite risk variation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
Is Vertebral Artery Injury After Blunt Cervical Spine Trauma an Incidental Finding?
Authors: Shah Romil , Rossano Ayane , Singh Devender , Truumees Eeric 
Published: November 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives:
To understand the associations between vertebral artery injury (VAI) and adverse events in patients sustaining blunt cervical spine trauma.

Summary of Background Data:
To date, the impact of VAI on adverse events, and by extension, clinical outcomes has been extracted from small patient cohorts and have not allowed definitive conclusions.

Methods:
Adult patients with cervical vertebral, ligamentous, or neurological trauma in the National Trauma Data Bank from 2016 to 2017 were included in the study. Demographic information (age, sex, and race), injury-specific information (mechanism, severity), patient health information, and presence of a VAI were collected as explanatory variables. Response variables included development of adverse events [DVT/PE, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, hemorrhage, or neurological deficit] length of stay (LOS) and unplanned ICU admission or surgical procedure. Multivariable regression was used to calculate the risk-adjusted effect of vertebral artery injury on the presence of adverse and unplanned events as well as its relationship with LOS.

Results:
Totally, 128,908 patients with cervical trauma were reviewed, of which 5300 had VAI. Of the patients with VAI, 187 (3.5%) patients had a MI, 156 (2.9%) had a PE/DVT, 196 (3.7%) had a stroke, 1392 (26.3%) had neurological injury, and 443 (8.4%) had an unplanned operative procedure or ICU admission. After risk-adjustment, VAI was associated with a >2-fold increased risk of increased LOS and ICU LOS (P<0.001), as well as greater than a 2-fold increased risk of MI, PE/DVT, stroke, and neurological injury (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Our study documented a higher rate of concomitant VAI in blunt cervical trauma than previously reported. VAI is a hallmark of a more severe or higher energy mechanism of injury and is associated with increased adverse events and LOS in the hospital/ICU. In addition, these data suggest that, in older patients, concomitant VAI is associated with adverse outcomes independent of mechanism of injury.

Level of Evidence:
Step II—diagnostic study.
Variants of physiological FDG vascular activity on digital PET
Authors: Yin Phillip , Maliha Peter G. , Ebrahim Anwar , Ben-Ezra Noah , Azoulay Laurent , Vladovsky Michael , Probst Stephan , Abikhzer Gad 
Published: November 2024

Objective
Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) is effective in detecting large vessel vasculitis. Digital PET cameras have improved spatial resolution compared with analog PET, resulting in more prominent physiological uptake in arterial walls. This study’s goal was to define qualitative normal variants of arterial activity on digital PET/CT.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 126 oncological PET/CT studies. Exclusion criteria included history of vasculitis, immunosuppressant therapy, hyperglycemia, or altered FDG biodistribution. Qualitative vessel wall activity (common carotid, brachiocephalic, subclavian, aorta, and femoral) was visually graded by two nuclear physicians with guideline-proposed criteria: 0: ≤mediastinum, 1: <liver, 2: = liver, 3: >liver, where grade 3 is compatible, 2 is possible, and <2 is negative for vasculitis. Cranial artery uptake was visually graded as follows: grade 0: ≤surrounding tissues, grade 1: just above surrounding tissues, and grade 2: significantly above surrounding tissues, with grades 1 and 2 considered positive for cranial artery vasculitis.

Results
Large vessel uptake was grade 3 in 0 subjects, grade 2 in four subjects (3%), grade 1 in 87 subjects (69%), and grade 0 in 35 subjects (28%). In studies acquired ≥75 min post-injection, 1/15 subjects had grade 2 uptake. Four subjects (3%) had grade 1 vertebral artery uptake. No subjects had temporal, maxillary, or occipital artery uptake.

Conclusion
A minority of our subjects presented with grade 2 large vessel uptake, which was associated with longer uptake times, or grade 1 cranial artery uptake, which was associated with higher age and glycemia. These findings should be interpreted with caution in patients referred for suspected vasculitis, as they may represent normal variants on digital PET.
Recent developments in olfactory neuroblastoma research
Authors: Ghanem Anthony , Finlay John B. , Jang David W. , Goldstein Bradley J. , Abi Hachem Ralph 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignancy originating from olfactory neuroepithelial cells. Given its uncommon nature and complex clinical presentation, this comprehensive review highlights recent findings and treatment approaches for advancing clinical practice and research.

Recent findings
Recent literature emphasizes significant advancements in the genomic profiling and molecular classification of ONB. Emerging targeted therapies include somatostatin analogs and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. In addition, the development of genetically engineered mouse models has provided valuable platforms for testing new treatment strategies, revealing similarities between ONB and small cell lung cancer, which may inform future therapeutic approaches.

Summary
These findings have profound implications on clinical practice. Improved diagnostic accuracy through advanced imaging and genomic profiling in addition to identifying specific mutations for targeted therapy can lead to personalized treatments of patients with ONB. Developments in genetically engineered mouse models and multiinstitutional collaborative efforts are vital for advancing research and standardizing molecular testing. The integration of advanced imaging techniques, genomic profiling, and targeted therapies holds promise for improving patient outcomes and understanding this rare malignancy.