bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of nutrition interventions for chronic noncancer pain
Authors: Brain K. , Burrows T. L. , Rollo M. E. , Chai L. K. , Clarke E. D. , Hayes C. , Hodson F. J. , Collins C. E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of nutrition interventions on participant reported pain severity and intensity in populations with chronic pain.MethodsEight databases were systematically searched for studies that included adult populations with a chronic pain condition, a nutrition intervention and a measure of pain. Where possible, data were pooled using meta‐analysis. Seventy‐one studies were included, with 23 being eligible for meta‐analysis.ResultsStudies were categorised into four groups: (i) altered overall diet with 12 of 16 studies finding a significant reduction in participant reported pain; (ii) altered specific nutrients with two of five studies reporting a significant reduction in participant reported pain; (iii) supplement‐based interventions with 11 of 46 studies showing a significant reduction in pain; and (iv) fasting therapy with one of four studies reporting a significant reduction in pain. The meta‐analysis found that, overall, nutrition interventions had a significant effect on pain reduction with studies testing an altered overall diet or just one nutrient having the greatest effect.ConclusionsThis review highlights the importance and effectiveness of nutrition interventions for people who experience chronic pain.
Job Duration over the Business Cycle
Authors: MUSTRE‐DEL‐RÍO JOSÉ 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEvidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) suggests that the cyclicality of job duration depends on the worker's prior and future employment status. For example, among matches formed with previously nonemployed workers, those that end with the worker returning to nonemployment display procyclical duration. In contrast, matches that end because the worker switches to another job have countercyclical duration. Moreover, differences in starting wages do not account for these patterns.
Petrology and zircon U–Pb dating of well‐preserved eclogites from the Thongmön area in central Himalaya and their tectonic implications
Authors: Li Qingyun , Zhang Lifei , Fu Bin , Bader Tomas , Yu Huanglu 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe discovery of eclogites is reported within the Great Himalayan Crystalline Complex in the Thongmön area, central Himalaya, and their metamorphic evolution is deciphered by petrographic studies, pseudosection modelling, and zircon dating. For the first time, omphacite has been found in the matrix of eclogites taken from a metamorphic mafic lens. Two groups of garnet have been identified in the Thongmön eclogites on the basis of major and rare earth elements and mineral inclusions. Core and intermediate sections of garnet represent Grt I, in which the major elements (Ca, Mg, and Fe) show a nearly homogenous distribution with little or weak zonation. This Grt I displays an almost flat chondrite‐normalized HREE pattern, and the main inclusions are amphibole, apatite, quartz, and abundant omphacite. Grt II, forms thin rims on large garnet grains, and is characterized by rim‐ward Ca decrease and Mg increase and MREE enrichment relative to HREE and LREE. No amphibole inclusions are found in Grt II, indicating the decomposition of amphibole contributed to its MREE enrichment. Two metamorphic stages, recorded by matrix minerals and inclusions in garnet and zircon, outline the burial of the Thongmön eclogites and progressive metamorphic processes to the pressure peak: (a) the assemblage of amphibole–garnet–omphacite–phengite–rutile–quartz, with the phengite interpreted as having been replaced by Bt+Pl symplectites, represents the prograde amphibole eclogite facies stage M1(1), (b) in the peak eclogite facies [stage M1(2)], amphibole was lost and melting started. Based on the compositions of garnet and omphacite inclusions, M1(1) is constrained to 19–20 kbar and 640–660°C and M1(2) occurred at >21 kbar, >750°C, with appearance of melt and its entrapment in metamorphic zircon. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of zircon from two eclogite samples yielded consistent metamorphic ages of 16.7 ± 0.6 Ma and 17.1 ± 0.4 Ma respectively. The metamorphic zircon grew concurrently with Grt II in the peak eclogite facies. Thongmön eclogites characterized by the prograde metamorphism from amphibolite facies to eclogite facies were formed by the continuing continental subduction of Indian plate beneath the Euro‐Asian continent in the Miocene.
Quantitative colocalization analysis of DNA delivery by PEI‐mediated cationic polymers in mammalian cells
Authors: GONZÁLEZ‐DOMÍNGUEZ I. , CERVERA L. , GÒDIA F. , ROLDÁN M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAlthough cationic polymers are widely used for DNA delivery, the relationship between the properties of the formed complexes and their biological activity is not fully understood. Here, we propose a novel procedure consisting of superresolved images coupled with quantitative colocalization to analyse DNA release in living cells. This work compares the different workflows available in a quantitative colocalization study of DNA delivery using polyethylenimine as transfection reagent. A nimble workflow with deconvolution in three‐dimensional images was developed. Among the different colocalization coefficients, Manders' colocalization coefficient was the best to track the complexes. Results showed that DNA/polyethylenimine complexes were tightly interacting at the time of transfection and their disassembly was observed between 2 and 10 h after their uptake. Heterogenicity was found in the intracellular fate of each complex. At 24 h, some complexes were still present underneath the nuclear envelope. Overall, this study opens the door for particle tracking assessment with three‐dimensional imaging at intracellular level.Lay DescriptionDNA delivery technologies in living cells are of high relevance in the biotechnology field. The transient expression of a gene of interest enables the production of a wide range of new therapeutic candidates for clinical purposes. However, the introduction of an exogenous DNA construct into a cell culture requires the use of certain vehicles that protect the DNA from host cell DNases and deliver it into the cell nucleus. From the different systems available, polyethylenimine (PEI) has been extensively used in transient gene expression strategies for the last three decades. However, the intracellular fate of the formed DNA/PEI complexes and the DNA release from the complexes is still poorly understood.In this work, we propose the application of combined superresolved images through mathematical deconvolution to colocalization studies of DNA/PEI complexes evolution in living mammalian cell cultures. Both specimens were covalently labelled with Cy3 and Cy5 dye, respectively, and the kinetics of its disassembly process within the cells was tracked over the time. Because of the specific features of the formed‐complexes, a comparative study of the different colocalization coefficients was performed towards optimizing the analysis of these particles with confocal microscopy. Besides, the 3D imaging of the process allowed the direct visualization of a partial DNA/PEI complexes disassembly and the location of those complexes underneath the nuclear envelope during the cell production phase (24 h after the uptake).
Identification of drug transporters contributing to oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Fujita Shunsuke , Hirota Takeshi , Sakiyama Ryo , Baba Misaki , Ieiri Ichiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOxaliplatin is widely used as a key drug in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, its administration is associated with the dose‐limiting adverse effect, peripheral neuropathy. Platinum accumulation in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is the major mechanism responsible for oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathy. Some drug transporters have been identified as platinum complex transporters in kidney or tumor cells, but not yet in DRG. In the present study, we investigated oxaliplatin transporters and their contribution to peripheral neuropathy. We identified 12 platinum transporters expressed in DRG with real‐time PCR, and their transiently overexpressing cells were established. After exposure to oxaliplatin, the accumulation of platinum in these overexpressing cells was evaluated using a coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Octn1/2‐ and Mate1‐expressing cells showed the intracellular accumulation of oxaliplatin. In an animal study, peripheral neuropathy developed after the administration of oxaliplatin (4 mg/kg, intravenously, twice a week) to siRNA‐injected rats (0.5 nmol, intrathecally, once a week) was demonstrated with the von Frey test. The knockdown of Octn1 in DRG ameliorated peripheral neuropathy, and decreased platinum accumulation in DRG, whereas the knockdown of Octn2 did not. Mate1 siRNA‐injected rats developed more severe neuropathy than control rats. These results indicate that Octn1 and Mate1 are involved in platinum accumulation at DRG and oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Post‐metamorphic ontogeny of Zoroaster fulgens Thomson, 1873 (Asteroidea, Forcipulatacea)
Authors: Fau Marine , Villier Loïc 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe complete ontogenetic development of an asteroid skeleton has never been described formally for any species. Here, we describe in detail the post‐metamorphic ontogeny of Zoroaster fulgens Thomson, 1873. The major novelty of our work is the description of patterns of plate addition, the ontogeny of the internal ossicles, as well as the variability of ossicles according to their position along series. Seven specimens collected in the Rockall Basin (North Atlantic) were dissected with bleach and their anatomy was documented using a scanning electron microscope. The external anatomy was additionally observed on more than 30 specimens. We found that the overall structure of the skeleton does not change much between juveniles and adults, but the shape of individual ossicle changes during growth. Allometric scaling was particularly visible on the orals, ambulacrals and adambulacrals. The shape of an ossicle is more dependent of its position along the arm series than of its individual size. Many morphological features differentiate progressively during ontogeny, while others are expressed consistently among specimens. The study of this ontogenetic series allows discussing the homology between the structures present on the ossicles of Z. fulgens in particular and other forcipulatacean sea stars in general (i.e. muscles insertions and articulation areas). The new data obtained in this study provide a comprehensive framework of the anatomy and ontogeny of Z. fulgens that will help resolve taxonomic and phylogenetic controversies in the future.
Alteration of serum and tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha levels: A possible mechanism of action of oral pulse steroids in the treatment of alopecia areata
Authors: Abdel Halim Dalia , Abu Zeid Ola M. , Rashed Laila , Saleh Marwah Adly 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is a multifactorial disease in which tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) plays an important role.ObjectiveTo study the effect of oral pulse steroids on both serum and tissue levels of TNF‐α in AA patients.MethodsSkin biopsies and serum samples were collected from 20 patients with patchy AA before and after treatment (oral prednisolone for two consecutive days every week for 3 months) for determination of the levels of TNF‐α levels using ELISA technique.ResultsBoth serum and tissue levels of TNF‐α in AA patients were significantly higher than in controls before (P < 0.001) as well as after treatment (P = 0.0169 and P = 0.3051), respectively. The duration of disease negatively correlated with tissue TNF‐α before treatment (P < 0.0001). Serum and tissue levels of TNF‐α dropped significantly after treatment (P < 0.0001). The percentage of reduction of both tissue and serum TNF‐α levels correlated positively with the percentage of clinical improvement (r = 0.682, P = 0.0009; r = 0.567, P = 0.009, respectively).ConclusionTNF‐α plays an important role in the evolution of AA lesions, and alteration in both serum and tissue levels of TNF‐α could be considered one of the important mechanisms of action of systemic oral pulse steroids in the treatment of AA.
Financial Markets Where Traders Neglect the Informational Content of Prices
Authors: EYSTER ERIK , RABIN MATTHEW , VAYANOS DIMITRI 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWe model a financial market where some traders of a risky asset do not fully appreciate what prices convey about others' private information. Markets comprising solely such “cursed” traders generate more trade than those comprising solely rationals. Because rationals arbitrage away distortions caused by cursed traders, mixed markets can generate even more trade. Per‐trader volume in cursed markets increases with market size; volume may instead disappear when traders infer others' information from prices, even when they dismiss it as noisier than their own. Making private information public raises rational and “dismissive” volume, but reduces cursed volume given moderate noninformational trading motives.
MRI‐Guided High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound as an Emerging Therapy for Stroke: A Review
Authors: Zafar Atif , Quadri Syed A. , Farooqui Mudassir , Ortega‐Gutiérrez Santiago , Hariri Omid R. , Zulfiqar Maryam , Ikram Asad , Khan Muhammad Adnan , Suriya Sajid S. , Nunez‐Gonzalez Joel R. , Posse Stefan , Mortazavi Martin M. , Yonas Howard 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTStroke, either ischemic or hemorrhagic, accounts for significantly high morbidity and mortality rates around the globe effecting millions of lives annually. For the past few decades, ultrasound has been extensively investigated to promote clot lysis for the treatment of stroke, myocardial infarction, and acute peripheral arterial occlusions, with or without the use of tPA or contrast agents. In the age of modern minimal invasive techniques, magnetic resonance imaging‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound is a new emerging modality that seems to promise therapeutic utilities for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. High‐intensity focused ultrasound causes thermal heating as the tissue absorbs the mechanical energy transmitted by the ultrasonic waves leading to tissue denaturation and coagulation. Several in‐vitro and in‐vivo studies have demonstrated the viability of this technology for sonothrombolysis in both types of stroke and have warranted clinical trials. Apart from safety and efficacy, initiation of trials would further enable answers regarding its practical application in a clinical setup. Though this technology has been under study for treatment of various brain diseases for some decades now, relatively very few neurologists and even neurosurgeons seem to be acquainted with it. The aim of this review is to provide basic understanding of this powerful technology and discuss its clinical application and potential role as an emerging viable therapeutic option for the future management of stroke.
The Conometric Concept: A Two‐Year Follow‐Up of Fixed Partial CEREC Restorations Supported By Cone‐In‐Cone Abutments
Authors: Degidi Marco , Nardi Diego , Sighinolfi Gianluca , Degidi Davide , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the performance of definitive, implant‐supported, lithium disilicate fixed dental prostheses (LS2 FDPs) manufactured with a computer‐assisted design/computer‐assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system. All patients received two‐unit restorations placed in posterior regions, supported by osseointegrated implants with cone‐in‐cone connection abutments.Materials and MethodsTwo implants (Ankylos) were placed into healed sites or fresh extraction sockets in the maxillary/mandibular posterior regions of partially edentulous patients. Definitive digital impressions were made 3 months after surgery. Twenty‐four patients received fixed monolithic LS2 restorations manufactured with the CEREC system. All restorations were connected to the implants using cone‐in‐cone connection abutments. Peri‐implant pocket depths were recorded for 2 years at each follow‐up visit. Esthetic, functional, and biologic United States Public Health Services (USPHS) parameters modified by the FDI World Dental Federation study design were assessed yearly until the last follow‐up appointment. The opposing dentitions were identified by type of restoration and supporting structures at the time of placement of the definitive restorations and at the 2‐year follow‐up visits.ResultsOne patient (4.16%) moved to an unknown location during the study. A total of 23 FDPs (95.8%) supported by 46 implants reached the 2‐year follow‐up. None of the prostheses failed, or became loose or detached. No significant difference involving probing levels between the experimental times were found.ConclusionsThe results of this research indicated that the abutment‐prostheses connection using a cone‐in‐cone approach was successful within the 2‐year period of this study. None of the studied monolithic LS2 glass‐ceramic prostheses milled using the CEREC CAD/CAM system fractured or became detached.
A Pilot Study to Determine the Effect of Three Months of Oral Appliance Therapy using a Mandibular Advancement Device on HbA1c in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Baslas Varun , Chand Pooran , Jurel Sunit Kumar , Tripathi Shuchi , Arya Deeksha , Tripathi Suryakant , Singh Balendra Pratap , Dubey Abhishek 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeContinuous positive air pressure (CPAP) is recommended for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but cost and compliance are major barriers. A mandibular advancement device (MAD) may be an economical, feasible alternative to CPAP. Various studies have been published to recommend MAD as an alternative to CPAP for OSA, but not regarding its efficacy for patients having OSA as well as T2DM. This study aims to objectively and subjectively evaluate oral appliance therapy using a MAD in patients having OSA as well as T2DM.Materials and MethodsPatients who visited the hospital clinic having OSA as well as T2DM were recruited. After giving informed consent, participants were divided into three equally sized groups of three grades of OSA (mild, moderate, severe) on the basis of a polysomnography report and were given intervention of MAD at 50% of maximum mandibular protrusion and 20% of maximum interincisal opening. Objective outcomes were HbA1c level and apnea hypopnea index score (AHI). Subjective outcomes were Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Berlin Questionnaire. All outcomes were assessed before and after 3 months of intervention.ResultsA statistically significant difference was seen in all outcomes after intervention with MAD (p < 0.01) in all groups except HbA1c level in participants having severe OSA.ConclusionMAD may be recommended in patients having OSA as well as T2DM. This study provides evidence to inform health care workers about possible use of MAD in OSA with T2DM.
Transgender adolescents and legal reform: How improved access to healthcare was achieved through medical, legal and community collaboration
Authors: Telfer Michelle , Kelly Fiona , Feldman Debi , Stone Georgie , Robertson Rebekah , Poulakis Zeffie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTransgender children and adolescents face hardships in all domains of their lives, with many experiencing family rejection, social exclusion, discrimination, bullying and assaults. The mental health implications of these experiences include high rates of depression, anxiety, self‐harm and attempted suicide. Gender‐affirming social support and medical treatment has been shown to ameliorate the poor mental health outcomes of transgender youth, with those who are supported in their social and medical transition reporting rates of depression and self‐worth equivalent to general population levels. Advocacy efforts that improve access to support and medical treatment are therefore likely to produce significant positive health and well‐being outcomes for this vulnerable population. The transgender community in Australia identified the legal restrictions placed on children and adolescents accessing medical treatment as a significant barrier to positive psychological well‐being. Australian law, unique internationally, required the parents of transgender adolescents to apply for court authorisation prior to the commencement of their child's gender‐affirming medical treatment. Concerned by the harm created by this process, a coalition of experts, including transgender children, adolescents and their parents, as well as academic and clinical experts in the fields of law and medicine, was created to advocate for reform. Over a period of approximately 4 years, a collaborative process was undertaken, which ultimately led to law reform and improved access to medical treatment for the transgender community.
Child with multiple problems: Clinical complexity and uncertainty
Authors: McDowell Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhen practising neurodevelopmental–behavioural paediatrics, responsibility rests with the individual clinician to interpret research evidence in their daily work. This is not necessarily an easy task. Children do not usually present with single, easily definable problems. Complexity and uncertainty are present from the outset due to heterogeneity inherent in the diagnoses available, patterns of comorbid problems and the unique challenges of each child's social context. This article examines the resulting clinical challenge and offers potential responses. Rather than striving to eliminate uncertainty with strategies such as extensive assessment, the goal is to work effectively and efficiently within the limits of what can be readily known. Suggested strategies address complexity by considering the components of what is going on (biological, developmental, transactional) as hypotheses shared within each child's system of care. These hypotheses can then be tested and revised systematically as further information arises along the journey of treatment and longitudinal care.
Anxiety‐related disorders: An overview
Authors: Riordan Denise M , Singhal Deepa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnxiety‐related disorders are common in the child and adolescent population. They cause significant distress, which can affect social, emotional, family and academic functioning. They frequently present in general paediatric and primary care settings. Comprehensive assessment should include the child as well as parent and family functioning because anxiety‐related disorders in other family members are common and, if untreated, can affect outcomes for the child. There are good evidence‐based psychological interventions available, which should be the first line of treatment offered; accessing appropriate therapies for an adequate duration of treatment can, however, be challenging. Medication, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, may have a role to play but should be used in the context of psychologically based therapies. Prevention of anxiety‐related disorders in childhood is a major public health issue. Prevention programmes are available and should commence in the antenatal period through infancy, early childhood and adolescence, promoting positive attachments and resilience.