bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impairment of starch biosynthesis results in elevated oxidative stress and autophagy activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Tran Quynh-Giao , Cho Kichul , Park Su-Bin , Kim Urim , Lee Yong Jae , Kim Hee-Sik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAutophagy is a self-degradation system wherein cellular materials are recycled. Although autophagy has been extensively studied in yeast and mammalian systems, integrated stress responses in microalgae remain poorly understood. Accordingly, we carried out a comparative study on the oxidative stress responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii wild-type and a starchless (sta6) mutant previously shown to accumulate high lipid content under adverse conditions. To our surprise, the sta6 mutant exhibited significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the same growth conditions compared to controls. The sta6 mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress induced by H2O2, whereas the wild-type was relatively more resistant. In addition, significantly up-regulated autophagy-related factors including ATG1, ATG101, and ATG8 were maintained in the sta6 mutant regardless of nitrogen availability. Also, the sta6 mutant exhibited relatively higher ATG8 protein level compared to wild-type under non-stress condition, and quickly reached a saturation point of autophagy when H2O2 was applied. Our results indicate that, in addition to the impact of carbon allocation, the increased lipid phenotype of the sta6 mutant may result from alterations in the cellular oxidative state, which in turn activates autophagy to clean up oxidatively damaged components and fuel lipid production.
Facile and Sustainable Synthesis of Erythritol bis(carbonate), a Valuable Monomer for Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes (NIPUs)
Authors: Dannecker Patrick-Kurt , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecently, R. Mülhaupt et al. introduced the first high yielding synthesis of erythritol bis(carbonate) from erythritol with diphenyl carbonate (DPC) as reagent. They utilized it as monomer for the synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). Here, we present a significantly more sustainable procedure for the carbonate formation regarding solvent, carbonyl source, reaction temperature, reaction time, reduced pressure during the reaction, simplicity of the workup as well as recycling of reagents. Catalysed by triazabicyclodecene (TBD), dimethyl carbonate as solvent as well as reagent leads to selective product formation and facile product separation by filtration. After addition of new starting materials, the mixture of catalyst and DMC was reused up to 8 times without loss of catalytic activity.
Association between maternally perceived quality and pattern of fetal movements and late stillbirth
Authors: Bradford Billie F. , Cronin Robin S. , McCowan Lesley M. E. , McKinlay Christopher J. D. , Mitchell Edwin A. , Thompson John M. D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigated fetal movement quality and pattern and association with late stillbirth in this multicentre case-control study. Cases (n = 164) had experienced a non-anomalous singleton late stillbirth. Controls (n = 569) were at a similar gestation with non-anomalous singleton ongoing pregnancy. Data on perceived fetal movements were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaire. We compared categorical fetal movement variables between cases and controls using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for possible confounders. In multivariable analysis, maternal perception of the following fetal movement variables was associated with decreased risk of late stillbirth; multiple instances of ‘more vigorous than usual’ fetal movement (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32–0.82), daily perception of fetal hiccups (aOR 0.28, 95%CI 0.15–0.52), and perception of increased length of fetal movement clusters or ‘busy times’ (aOR 0.23, 95%CI 0.11–0.47). Conversely, the following maternally perceived fetal movement variables were associated with increased risk of late stillbirth; decreased frequency of fetal movements (aOR 2.29, 95%CI 1.31–4.0), and perception of ‘quiet or light’ fetal movement in the evening (aOR 3.82, 95%CI 1.57–9.31). In conclusion, women with stillbirth were more likely than controls to have experienced alterations in fetal movement, including decreased strength, frequency and in particular a fetus that was ‘quiet’ in the evening.
Ampicillin-treated Lactococcus lactis MG1363 populations contain persisters as well as viable but non-culturable cells
Authors: van Tatenhove-Pel Rinke J. , Zwering Emile , Solopova Ana , Kuipers Oscar P. , Bachmann Herwig 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLactococcus lactis is used as cell-factory and strain selections are regularly performed to improve production processes. When selection regimes only allow desired phenotypes to survive, for instance by using antibiotics to select for cells that do not grow in a specific condition, the presence of more resistant subpopulations with a wildtype genotype severely slows down the procedure. While the food grade organism L. lactis is not often exposed to antibiotics we characterized its response to ampicillin in more detail, to better understand emerging population heterogeneity and how this might affect strain selection procedures. Using growth-dependent viability assays we identified persister subpopulations in stationary and exponential phase. Growth-independent viability assays revealed a 100 times larger subpopulation that did not grow on plates or in liquid medium, but had an intact membrane and could maintain a pH gradient. Over one third of these cells restored their intracellular pH when we induced a temporary collapse, indicating that this subpopulation was metabolically active and in a viable but non-culturable state. Exposure of L. lactis MG1363 to ampicillin therefore results in a heterogeneous population response with different dormancy states. These dormant cells should be considered in survival-based strain selection procedures.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor attenuates experimental fungal keratitis in mice
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Yuan Min , Yin Ruijie , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Yu , Sun Shengtao , Han Lei , He Shikun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFungal keratitis is one of the leading causes of blindness of infected corneal diseases, but the pathogenesis of fungal keratitis is not fully understood and therefore the treatment of the disease by medication is still under investigation. In the current study, we sought to study the effect of HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on experimental fungal keratitis in mice. SAHA (25 mg/kg) (n = 30) or vehicle (DMSO) (n = 30) was delivered through intraperitoneal injection (IP) 24 hours after the fungal inoculation, and the same amount of SAHA injection or DMSO was followed at day 2. The expression of histone H3 (H3), acetylated histone H3 (AC-H3), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC)1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in surgically excised specimens from the patients and mice with fungal keratitis were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of mRNAs for Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), TNFα, and TLR4 were evaluated in the corneas of the mice with fungal infection and the control corneas by real-time PCR. The quantification of IL-1β and TNFα in the corneas of the mice with fungal infection was determined by ELISA. The inhibitory effect of SAHA on mice fungal keratitis was revealed by GMS and H&E staining. We found that the downregulation of histone acetylation and upregulation of HDAC1 expression were associated with the increased inflammation response in fungal keratitis not only in humans but also in experimental animals. SAHA was able to inhibit experimental fungal keratitis in mouse by suppressing TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-1β; the inhibition of HDAC may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of fungal keratitis.
Blockade of L-type Ca2+ channel attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy via suppression of CaMKII-NF-κB pathway
Authors: Ikeda Soichiro , Matsushima Shouji , Okabe Kosuke , Ikeda Masataka , Ishikita Akihito , Tadokoro Tomonori , Enzan Nobuyuki , Yamamoto Taishi , Sada Masashi , Deguchi Hiroko , Morimoto Sachio , Ide Tomomi , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCa2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) play crucial roles in pathogenesis of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy. Their activities are regulated by intracellular Ca2+. We hypothesized that blockade of L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) could attenuate DOX-induced cardiomyopathy by regulating CaMKII and NF-κB. DOX activated CaMKII and NF-κB through their phosphorylation and increased cleaved caspase 3 in cardiomyocytes. Pharmacological blockade or gene knockdown of LTCC by nifedipine or small interfering RNA, respectively, suppressed DOX-induced phosphorylation of CaMKII and NF-κB and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, accompanied by decreasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Autocamtide 2-related inhibitory peptide (AIP), a selective CaMKII inhibitor, inhibited DOX-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Inhibition of NF-κB activity by ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) suppressed DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. DOX-treatment (18 mg/kg via intravenous 3 injections over 1 week) increased phosphorylation of CaMKII and NF-κB in mouse hearts. Nifedipine (10 mg/kg/day) significantly suppressed DOX-induced phosphorylation of CaMKII and NF-κB and cardiomyocyte injury and apoptosis in mouse hearts. Moreover, it attenuated DOX-induced left ventricular dysfunction and dilatation. Our findings suggest that blockade of LTCC attenuates DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via suppressing intracellular Ca2+ elevation and activation of CaMKII-NF-κB pathway. LTCC blockers might be potential therapeutic agents against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.
Prevention of lipid loss from hair by surface and internal modification
Authors: Song Sang-Hun , Lim Jong Hyun , Son Seong Kil , Choi Julia , Kang Nae-Gyu , Lee Sang-Min 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSurfactants during routine washing have a tremendous effect on lipid loss from hair. This study aims to understand the loss of lipids from hair upon contact with surfactants and develop a way to prevent the lipid loss. The change in lipid levels depends on the relative hydrophobicity of the lipid. We herein propose that the change in lipid levels can be protected by two modifications. In the case of fatty acids and cholesterol (group A), the concentration difference between virgin hair versus surface modified hair with highly charged polymer was 22 to 32% higher after washing with surfactants while the loss of squalene and wax esters (group B) in response to surfactants still occurred even after the surface modification. In the hair treated by internal modification with the carbodiimide reaction, 52.0 to 81.3% more lipids in group B were prevented than in the untreated hair. Finally, different types of lipids were successfully protected by surface and internal modifications from the surfactant treatment. This study will be the basis for understanding the mechanisms by which surfactants damage the lipid barrier of tissues including hair and for establishing strategies to defend the barrier.
Non-target Effects of Naphthalene on the Soil Microbial Biomass and Bacterial Communities in the Subalpine Forests of Western China
Authors: Lan Liying , Yang Fan , Zhang Li , Yang Wanqin , Wu Fuzhong , Xu Zhenfeng , Liu Yang , Yue Kai , Ni Xiangyin , Li Han , Liao Shu , Liu Yuwei , Chen Ya , Tan Bo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNaphthalene is a biocide of soil fauna, particularly of soil arthropods, that has been widely applied to test the functional roles of soil fauna in soil processes. However, whether the use of naphthalene to expel soil fauna has a non-target effect on soil bacteria in subalpine forests remains unclear. We conducted a naphthalene treatment experiment to explore the effects of naphthalene on the soil bacterial community in subalpine forest soil. The results suggested that naphthalene treatment (at 100 g.m−2 per month) significantly increased the abundances of total bacterial, gram-positive bacterial and gram-negative bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and did not change the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) or MBC/MBN ratio. Moreover, a total of 1038 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected by Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla, and Bradyrhizobium was the most abundant genus. The naphthalene treatment did not affect soil bacterial diversity or community structure. Overall, these results demonstrated that the naphthalene treatment had non-target effects on the active bacterial community abundance but not the soil bacterial community structure. Thus, the non-target effects of naphthalene treatment should be considered before using it to expel soil fauna.
Distribution of fitness effects of mutations obtained from a simple genetic regulatory network model
Authors: Brajesh R. G. , Dutta Dibyendu , Saini Supreet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBeneficial and deleterious mutations change an organism’s fitness but the distribution of these mutational effects on fitness are unknown. Several experimental, theoretical, and computational studies have explored this question but are limited because of experimental restrictions, or disconnect with physiology. Here we attempt to characterize the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) due to mutations in a cellular regulatory motif. We use a simple mathematical model to describe the dynamics of gene expression in the lactose utilization network, and use a cost-benefit framework to link the model output to fitness. We simulate mutations by changing model parameters and computing altered fitness to obtain the DFE. We find beneficial mutations distributed exponentially, but distribution of deleterious mutations seems far more complex. In addition, we find neither the starting fitness, nor the exact location on the fitness landscape, affecting these distributions qualitatively. Lastly, we quantify epistasis in our model and find that the distribution of epistatic effects remains qualitatively conserved across different locations on the fitness landscape. Overall, we present a first attempt at exploring the specific statistical features of the fitness landscape associated with a system, by using the specific mathematical model associated with it.
Human iPS cell-derived engineered heart tissue does not affect ventricular arrhythmias in a guinea pig cryo-injury model
Authors: Pecha Simon , Yorgan Kaja , Röhl Matti , Geertz Birgit , Hansen Arne , Weinberger Florian , Sehner Susanne , Ehmke Heimo , Reichenspurner Hermann , Eschenhagen Thomas , Schwoerer Alexander Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHuman iPSC-derived engineered heart tissue (hEHT) has been used to remuscularize injured hearts in a guinea pig infarction model. While beneficial effects on cardiac remodeling have been demonstrated, the arrhythmogenic potential of hEHTs is a major concern. We investigated whether hiPSC-derived hEHTs increase the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. HEHTs were created from human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Left-ventricular cryo-injury was induced in guinea pigs (n = 37) and telemetry sensors for continuous ECG monitoring were implanted. 7 days following the cryo-injury, hEHTs or cell-free constructs were transplanted into the surviving animals (n = 15 and n = 9). ECGs were recorded over the following 28 days. 10 hEHT animals and 8 control animals survived the observation period and were included in the final analysis. After implantation of hEHTs or cell-free constructs, ventricular arrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions, couplets, triplets and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia) were observed in animals of both groups. The fraction of animals with the respective arrhythmias as well as the rate of arrhythmic events did not differ between groups. Following hEHT implantation, no clinically relevant sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation was detected. Our telemetric data provides first evidence for the electrical safety of human iPSC-derived EHTs in this experimental model, thereby supporting further development of this approach.
Effects of statin therapy on mean platelet volume in patients with risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ji Shuaifei , Zhang Babo , Wang Xianda , Shi Heng , Yu Lixin , Wang Xiaocheng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the effects of statin therapy on platelet, but it is controversial that whether statin could reduce mean platelet volume (MPV) in patients with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. To further improve the clinical significance of MPV in those patients and explore new function of statin, we conducted this research. Relevant studies were selected by searching electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library) and reference lists of related articles by hand. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and quality of the studies. Eventually, we included ten studies, a total of 1189 patients with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Consolidating relevant data and comparing the changes of MPV before and after statin treatment, we found that statin could decrease MPV [standard mean difference (SMD) = −0.47 (−0.71–0.23)], which was statistically significant (P=0.0001). Subgroup analysis suggested that when ≥55 years, this decrease did not occur [SMD = −0.06 (−0.18, 0.06)]. Drug type, sample size, ethnicity, mean age and quality of included article were sources of heterogeneity. Therefore, statin therapy could reduce MPV significantly and exhibited antiplatelet activity, which is of great importance in clarifying the clinical significance of MPV in cardiovascular events and the prevention of cardiovascular events.
Strongly magnetic Ap stars in the Gaia DR2 Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
Authors: Scholz R.-D. , Chojnowski S. Drew , Hubrig S. 
Published: July 2019

Context. Knowing the distribution of strongly magnetic Ap stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD) allows us to study the evolution of their magnetic fields across the main sequence (MS). With a newly extended Ap star sample from APOGEE and available Gaia DR2 data, we can now critically review the results of previous studies based on HIPPARCOS data.
Aims. To investigate our targets in the Gaia DR2 HRD, we need to define astrometric and photometric quality criteria to remove unreliable data from the HRD.
Methods. We used the Gaia DR2 renormalised unit weight error RUWE as our main quality criterion. We considered known (close) binaries in our sample compared to their (partly affected) astrometry and used the Gaia DR2 data to find common parallax and proper motion (CPPM) wide companions and open cluster members. We studied G, BP, and RP variability amplitudes and their significance as a function of magnitude. In colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) with absolute G magnitude (determined from inverted parallax) versus BP − RP colour and HRDs, where BP − RP is replaced by effective temperature, we studied the appearance of outliers with respect to their astrometric quality, binarity, and variability.
Results. We present a catalogue of 83 previously known and 154 new strongly magnetic Ap stars with Gaia DR2 data, including astrometric quality parameters, binary flags, information on cluster membership, variability amplitudes, and data from HIPPARCOS. Our astrometrically cleaned subsamples include 47 and 46 old and new Ap stars with parallaxes > 2 mas. Most of the known 26 binaries among all 237 stars and 14 out of 15 CMD/HRD outliers were excluded by astrometric criteria. The remaining 11 known binaries and a few highly variable objects mainly appear in the bright and red CMD/HRD parts. A CMD based on HIPPARCOS photometry and Gaia DR2 parallaxes shows a much more narrow distribution in the absolute V magnitudes of 75 common Ap stars over the full B − V colour range than the corresponding CMD based on HIPPARCOS parallaxes.
Wege in die Versorgung und Behandlungslatenzen bei stationären Patienten mit Anorexia und Bulimia nervosa
Authors: Schlegl Sandra , Hupe Kerstin , Hessler Johannes Baltasar , Diedrich Alice , Huber Thomas , Rauh Elisabeth , Aita Stephen , Gärtner Thomas , Voderholzer Ulrich 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Untersuchung diente der Erfassung der Wege in die Versorgung sowie der Behandlungslatenzen von stationären Patienten mit Essstörungen.
Methodik 206 Patienten wurden anhand eines eigens erstellten Fragebogens befragt.
Ergebnisse Durchschnittlich vergingen nach Krankheitsbeginn bis zu 5 Jahre, bis eine Behandlung eingeleitet wurde. Die Diagnose einer Bulimia nervosa, ein höheres Alter und eine fehlende Problemwahrnehmung sagten höhere Behandlungslatenzen voraus.
Schlussfolgerung Die Behandlungslatenz sollte durch geeignete Maßnahmen verkürzt werden, um Chronifizierung zu vermeiden.
Psychopharmakamedikation in brandenburgischen Pflegeheimen – eine explorative Studie
Authors: May Susann , Greiner Timo , Thoma Samuel , von Peter Sebastian , Schwantes Ulrich , Rapp Michael A. , Heinze Martin , Dahling Volker 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Psychopharmaka werden in Pflegeheimen oft verordnet und stellen zusammen mit allgemeiner Polypharmazie ein Risiko für unerwünschte Wirkungen und Arzneimittelwechselwirkungen dar.
Methodik Medikationsdaten (n = 398) wurden erhoben und Leitfadeninterviews bzw. Fokusgruppen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Etwa 70 % der Bewohner bekommen Psychopharmaka. Einfluss haben Arbeitsbelastung der Pflegenden, soziodemografische Entwicklung und Facharztmangel.
Schlussfolgerung Es muss ein Bewusstsein für Risiken durch Psychopharmaka geschaffen und gleichzeitig deren Reduktion angestrebt werden.
Zwangsmaßnahmen in der Psychiatrie – Auch lege artis durchgeführt besteht ein Risiko für Komplikationen
Authors: Kersting Xenia A. K. , Högenauer Hanna , Lam Alexandra P. , Janoschka Jonas , Philipsen Alexandra , Müller Helge H. O. 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungZwangsmaßnahmen sind in der Psychiatrie das Mittel der letzten Wahl, wenn andere Maßnahmen versagen, um akute Gefahr für den Betroffenen oder das Umfeld abzuwenden. Dass trotz Einhalten aller Sicherheitsvorkehrungen Komplikationen auftreten können, zeigt der folgende Fall eines jungen Mannes, der aufgrund akuter Eigen- und Fremdgefährdung fixiert war und nach einem Lockerungsversuch, in dem er erneut bedrohlich fremdaggressiv agierte, bei der Refixierung einen „Segufix ®-Metalsockel“ verschluckte.