bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Assembly of Peptoid‐Based Cylindrical Micelles Exhibiting Efficient Resonance Energy Transfer in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Jiao Fang , Wu Xuepeng , Jian Tengyue , Zhang Shuai , Jin Haibao , He Pingang , Chen Chun‐Long , De Yoreo James J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHerein we show that by appending bulky β‐cyclodextrin (CD) groups onto sheet‐forming peptoids, we obtain cylindrical micelles that further assembly into membranes and intertwined ribbons on substrates in aqueous solution, depending on the choice of solution and substrate conditions. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that micelle assembly occurs in two steps, starting with “precursor” particles that transform into worm‐like micelles, which extend and coalesce to form the higher order structures with a rate and a degree of cooperativity dependent on pH and Ca2+ concentration. After co‐assembly with hydrophobic 4‐(2‐hydroxyethylamino)‐7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (NBD) donors that occupy the hydrophobic core, followed by exposure to hydrophilic Rhodamine B as acceptors that insert into cyclodextrin, the micelles exhibit highly efficient Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency in aqueous solution, thereby mimicking natural light harvesting systems.
Significant Difference in Semiconducting Properties of Isomeric All‐Acceptor Polymers Synthesized via Direct Arylation Polycondensation
Authors: Wang Yang , Hasegawa Tsukasa , Matsumoto Hidetoshi , Michinobu Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) appeared as an efficient method for producing semiconducting polymers but often requires acceptor monomers with orienting or activating groups for the reactive carbon‐hydrogen (C‐H) bonds, which limits the choice of acceptor units. In this study, we describe a DArP for producing high‐molecular‐weight all‐acceptor polymers composed of the acceptor monomers without any orienting or activating groups via a modified method using Pd/Cu co‐catalysts. We thus obtained two isomeric all‐acceptor polymers, P1 and P2, which have the same backbone and side‐chains but different positions of the nitrogen atoms in the thiazole units. This subtle change significantly influences their optoelectronic, molecular packing, and charge‐transport properties. P2 with a greater backbone torsion has favorable edge‐on orientations and a high electron mobility μe of 2.55 cm2 V−1 s−1. Moreover, P2‐based transistors show an excellent shelf‐storage stability in air even after the storage for 1 month.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Iron‐Catalyzed C(sp2)–C(sp3) Kumada Cross‐Coupling in Flow
Authors: Wei Xiao‐Jing , Abdiaj Irini , Sambiagio Carlo , Li Chenfei , Zysman‐Colman Eli , Alcázar Jesús , Noël Timothy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA continuous‐flow, visible‐light‐promoted method has been developed to overcome the limitations of iron‐catalyzed Kumada–Corriu cross‐coupling reactions. A variety of strongly electron rich aryl chlorides, previously hardly reactive, could be efficiently coupled with aliphatic Grignard reagents at room temperature in high yields and within a few minutes’ residence time, considerably enhancing the applicability of this iron‐catalyzed reaction. The robustness of this protocol was demonstrated on a multigram scale, thus providing the potential for future pharmaceutical application.
Understanding the life histories of amphidromous fish by integrating otolith‐derived growth reconstructions, post‐larval migrations and reproductive traits
Authors: Egan Eimear M.C. , Hickford Michael J.H. , Schiel David R. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Amphidromy is the most prevalent type of diadromous migration. Despite this, the conservation and management of amphidromous species is exceptionally challenging because this life history type, with larval development in a pelagic habitat (usually marine) and adult development in fresh water, is poorly resolved.
The chronological properties of otoliths, together with a spatial and temporal analysis of post‐larval migration traits and adult reproductive traits, were used to reconstruct the life history of a widespread, yet declining amphidromous galaxiid, Galaxias maculatus, and to explore relationships between marine and freshwater life phases.
A wide range of post‐larval migration traits were observed over the peak migratory period. Post‐larvae were smaller and younger at inward migration late in the migration season (November) and were derived from winter spawning events. Earlier migrants (September) were larger, older and derived from autumn spawning events.
Age estimates confirmed that G. maculatus is largely an annual species, but back‐calculated hatch dates showed that spawning times are more extensive than previously known.
Growth reconstructions revealed that winter‐hatched larvae were faster growing during marine and freshwater life and attained sexual maturity at a younger age than autumn‐hatched fish. However, no differences in body size or reproductive investment were detected between autumn‐ and winter‐hatched larvae.
The first 50 days of marine growth were inter‐dependent, indicating that early larval growth may be the critical link to understanding intra‐ and inter‐annual recruitment variations of inward migrating post‐larvae. Furthermore, growth after 60 days of larval life propagated through to adult freshwater development, highlighting linkages between late marine and adult freshwater life.
This study highlights the value of studying the marine and freshwater life phases of amphidromous species in tandem. This interconnected understanding must ultimately be achieved for the conservation and management of species with this poorly understood life history type.
Ermittlung und Vergleich von Verkehrslärmspektren zur Überprüfung der Korrektursummanden der VDI 2719 hinsichtlich des Schallschutzes von Fenstern
Authors: Fischer Isabel , Meier Andreas , Kübler Bernhard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDas Bemessungsverfahren der VDI 2719: „Schalldämmung von Fenstern und deren Zusatzeinrichtungen” aus dem Jahr 1987 beinhaltet Korrektursummanden (K‐Werte), die eine möglichst genaue Planung des Schallschutzes in Abhängigkeit des anliegenden Außenlärmspektrums ermöglichen sollen. Sowohl die Bemessung nach diesem Verfahren als auch der Schallschutznachweis nach DIN 4109 erfolgen ausschließlich unter Verwendung von Einzahl‐Werten – frequenzabhängige Betrachtungen sind in beiden Regelwerken nicht vorgesehen. Aufgrund des Alters der VDI ist eine Überprüfung überfällig. Die in der aktuellen VDI 2719 genannten K‐Werte basieren auf Messungen aus dem Jahr 1985. Neue Arbeiten beschäftigten sich bereits mit der Veränderung des spektralen Verlaufs der Schalldämmung von Fenstern bzw. mit heute vorliegenden Lärmspektren aus Bahnverkehr und ziviler Luftfahrt. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden durch Messungen aktuelle Straßenverkehrslärmspektren bestimmt. Somit konnten die K‐Werte der VDI 2719 überprüft und neu ermittelt werden.
Recent Advances in Carbon‐Based Bifunctional Oxygen Catalysts for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Daolan , Tong Yueyu , Yan Xiao , Liang Ji , Dou Shi X. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractZinc‐air batteries (ZABs) have recently received tremendous research attention due to their high theoretical energy densities. However, current ZABs suffer from poor energy efficiency and cyclability, mainly owing to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the air electrode. Therefore, rational design of efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with high activity and stability is essential for improving battery performance. Carbon‐based nanomaterials are promising candidates for bifunctional oxygen catalysis. In this review, we present the latest development of carbon‐based bifunctional electrocatalysts for ZABs. Firstly, the related reaction mechanisms of bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts are introduced. Then, the recent advances in developing carbon‐based bifunctional catalysts with tailored structure and promising catalytic performance are introduced following the regulation strategies, e. g., heteroatom doping, defect engineering, and/or hybridizing with other active materials. Finally, the key challenges and perspectives of advanced ZABs are provided to better shed light on future research.
Routine chest CT for staging of gastric cancer
Authors: Chen A-H , Chan W-H , Lee Y-H , Tseng J-H , Yeh T-S , Chiu C-T , Chen J-S , Chen C-M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
International guidelines on clinical staging of gastric cancer recommend the use of chest CT for the detection of pulmonary metastases. This study assessed the clinical value of routine chest CT in the staging of gastric cancer.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients identified from the gastric cancer registry of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. All patients who underwent clinical staging between 2008 and 2014 were included. The pattern, site and number of metastases at initial presentation and after surgery with curative intent were evaluated. Pulmonary metastases were defined as multiple small round pulmonary nodules with a random distribution or of variable size.

Results
Some 1669 patients were included, of whom 478 (28·6 per cent) had metastatic disease at clinical presentation. The majority of metastases were to the peritoneum (75·7 per cent of patients) or liver (30·5 per cent), and only 27 patients (5·6 per cent) had pulmonary metastases at presentation, none of which were isolated to the lung. Of these 27 patients, 11 had primary lesions located at the cardia/fundus. In 19 patients the lung metastases were also detected on the staging chest X-ray. After surgery there were 196 cancer recurrences. Some 15 patients (7·6 per cent) had lung metastasis and this was not the only site of metastases in any patient. The prevalence of lung metastasis at presentation of the disease and after surgery was 1·6 and 1·5 per cent respectively.

Conclusion
This study does not support the routine use of chest CT for staging of gastric cancer as isolated pulmonary metastasis in the absence of other metastatic sites could not be detected.
Helicobacter suis infection is associated with nodular gastritis‐like appearance of gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Takigawa Hidehiko , Masaki Satoshi , Naito Toshikatsu , Yuge Ryo , Urabe Yuji , Tanaka Shinji , Sentani Kazuhiro , Matsuo Taiji , Matsuo Keisuke , Chayama Kazuaki , Kitadai Yasuhiko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMost patients with gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma are infected with Helicobacter pylori, and eradication therapy is the first‐line treatment for localized disease with H pylori infection. However, there were several reports showing effectiveness of eradication therapy in even H pylori negative cases. Gastric MALT lymphomas are endoscopically classified into three common types: superficial, ulcerative, and elevated types. For the past 20 years, we have encountered 200 cases of localized gastric MALT lymphoma. Among them, only 4 cases (2%) showed similar macroscopic findings to those of nodular gastritis (gastric MALT lymphoma with nodular gastritis‐like appearance; M‐NGA). Here, we compared clinicopathological characteristics and prevalence of non‐H pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) infection between M‐NGA and other common types of gastric MALT lymphoma. To examine the prevalence of NHPH infection, DNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded biopsy tissues from four cases of M‐NGA, 20 cases of common endoscopic types of gastric MALT lymphoma, and 10 cases of nodular gastritis. We used a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the presence of five species of NHPH (Helicobacter suis, H felis, H bizzozeronii, H salomonis, and H heilmannii). H suis infection was detected in 4, 2, and 0 of the 4, 20, and 10 cases of M‐NGA, other types of gastric MALT lymphoma, and nodular gastritis, respectively. Other NHPH species were not detected in any cases. Complete response rate by eradication therapy was 4/4 in M‐NGA cases. Therefore, nodular gastritis‐like MALT lymphoma, which shows a very rare phenotype, is closely associated with NHPH infection, and eradication therapy may be the first‐choice treatment.
The novel use of a nasal bridle system to remove a foreign body in the ear
Authors: Scott Robert Adrian , Wood Colin , Khan Imran 
Published: June 2019

AbstractForeign bodies in the ear are a common presentation that prompt referral to Otolaryngology. We describe a technique that is safe and simple to perform for the removal of metallic foreign bodies in the ear. Case report of an elderly gentleman presenting with otalgia and a hearing aid battery lodged within bony external ear canal.
Direct Spectroscopic Detection of Key Intermediates and the Turnover Process in Catalytic H2 Formation by a Biomimetic Diiron Catalyst
Authors: Wang Shihuai , Pullen Sonja , Weippert Valentin , Liu Tianfei , Ott Sascha , Lomoth Reiner , Hammarström Leif 
Published: June 2019

Abstract[FeFe(Cl2‐bdt)(CO)6] (1; Cl2‐bdt=3,6‐dichlorobenzene‐1,2‐dithiolate), inspired by the active site of FeFe‐hydrogenase, shows a chemically reversible 2 e− reduction at −1.20 V versus the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple. The rigid and aromatic bdt bridging ligand lowers the reduction potential and stabilizes the reduced forms, compared with analogous complexes with aliphatic dithiolates; thus allowing details of the catalytic process to be characterized. Herein, time‐resolved IR spectroscopy is used to provide kinetic and structural information on key catalytic intermediates. This includes the doubly reduced, protonated complex 1H−, which has not been previously identified experimentally. In addition, the first direct spectroscopic observation of the turnover process for a molecular H2 evolving catalyst is reported, allowing for straightforward determination of the turnover frequency.
Development of Lysosome‐Targeted Fluorescent Probes for Cys by Regulating the Boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) Molecular Structure
Authors: Gao Jinhua , Tao Yuanfang , Zhang Jian , Wang Nannan , Ji Xin , He Jinling , Si Yubing , Zhao Weili 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOur previous discovery suggested that substituents on the 1,7 positions delicately modulate the sensing ability of the meso‐arylmercapto boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) to biothiols. In this work, the impact of delicate modulations on the sensing ability is investigated. Therefore, 1,7‐dimethyl, 3,5‐diaryl substituted BODIPY is designed and developed and its conformationally restricted species with a meso‐arylmercapto moiety (DM‐BDP‐SAr and DM‐BDP‐R‐SAr) as selective fluorescent probes for Cys. Moreover, the lysosome‐target probes (Lyso‐S and Lyso‐D) based on DM‐BDP‐SAr carrying one or two morpholinoethoxy moieties were developed. They were able to detect Cys selectively in vitro with low detection limits. Both Lyso‐S and Lyso‐D localized nicely in lysosomes in living HeLa cells and exhibited red fluorescence for Cys. Moreover, a novel fluorescence quenching mechanism was proposed from the calculations by density functional theory (DFT). The probes may go through intersystem crossing (from singlet excited state to triplet excited state) to result in fluorescence quenching.
β‐CsB9O14: A Triple‐Layered Borate with Edge‐Sharing BO4 Tetrahedra Exhibiting a Short Cutoff Edge and a Large Birefringence
Authors: Han Shujuan , Huang Chunmei , Tudi Abudukadi , Hu Shuaishuai , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe first triple‐layered borate with edge‐sharing BO4 tetrahedra, β‐CsB9O14 was obtained under vacuum‐sealed condition. It represents a new structure type and enriches the structural diversity of borates. Moreover, β‐CsB9O14 exhibits a short UV cutoff edge and a large birefringence, indicating that it could be regarded as a DUV birefringent crystal.
Flow Fields in Stirred Vessels Depending on Different Internal Heat Exchangers and Vessel Bottoms
Authors: Jaehrling Katja , Schultz Heyko Juergen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study provides the influence of different heat exchanger internals (helical pipe coils, heating plugs, pipe registers) and reactor bottom shapes (torispherical/dished (Kloepper‐shape), hemispherical, and flat) on the flow field, the turbulent kinetic energy, and the ratio of tangential flow in stirred vessels, based on extensive stereo PIV measurement series in refractive index‐matched, optically completely accessible systems. The investigations impressively show advantages and disadvantages of the various equipment, which have a massive influence on both heat transport and the flow.
Ketone Synthesis by Direct, Orthogonal Chemoselective Hydroacylation of Alkenes with Amides: Use of Alkenes as Surrogates of Alkyl Carbanions
Authors: Geng Hui , Huang Pei‐Qiang 
Published: June 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionDirect functionalization of alkenes and direct transformation of carboxamides are two exciting areas that have attracted considerable attention in recent years. We report herein that secondary amides, the least reactive derivatives of carbonyl compounds, upon activated with triflic anhydride, can serve as effective hydroacylating reagents in partner with alkenes to yield ketones at ambient temperature. The method was applied to the one‐step synthesis of racemic dihydro‐ar‐turmerone. In this method, alkenes serve as surrogates of organometallic reagents, which allows the orthogonal chemoselective reactions. The ready availability of many olefins such as camphene and norbornene permits one‐step ketone synthesis that would require several steps by conventional methods.
Adenoid basal carcinoma combined with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix: A case report of a 37‐year‐old woman and literature review
Authors: Yuksel Semra , Bektas Sibel , Salman Suleyman 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) is uncommon malignancy of the uterine cervix and it can be pure or combined with cervical intraepithelial lesions. There were less than 20 cases of ABC combined with invasive squamous carcinoma (mixed type) in English literature. These cases had similar properties as seen at postmenopausal women and diagnosed with abnormal cervical smear findings. Here we present a case of 37‐year‐old woman who suffered from spotting and received endocervical curettage. The pathological report revealed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. The patient underwent type 3 radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic and para‐aortic lymph node dissection. The final pathological report revealed SCC coexisting with ABC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16,18 and others (11 types) were negative in both components of the mixed tumor by in situ hybridization detection. Our case was cytokeratin 7 negative, cytokeratin 8 positive and p63 positive which supports the hypothesis that mixed type cervical carcinoma originates from endocervical reserve cells.
Are we approaching a water ceiling to maize yields in the United States?
Authors: DeLucia Evan H. , Chen Shiliu , Guan Kaiyu , Peng Bin , Li Yan , Gomez‐Casanovas Nuria , Kantola Ilsa B. , Bernacchi Carl J. , Huang Yuefei , Long Stephen P. , Ort Donald R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile annual precipitation in much of the US Corn Belt is likely to remain constant, atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD), the driver of crop water loss (evapotranspiration; ET), is projected to increase from ~2.2 kPa today to ~2.7 kPa by mid‐century primarily due to the temperature increase. Without irrigation, it has been hypothesized that the increase in VPD will create a ceiling to future increases in maize yields. We calculated current and future growing season ET based on biomass, water use efficiency, and the amount of yield these levels of ET would support for maize production in the Midwest USA. We assumed that the production of more grain will necessitate a proportional increase in the production of biomass, with a corresponding increase in ET. Here we show that as VPD increases, maintaining current maize yields (2013–2016) will require a large expansion of irrigation, greater than threefold, in areas currently supported by rain. The average predicted yield for the region of 244 ± 4 bushels/acre (15,316 ± 251 kg/ha) projected for 2050, assuming yield increases observed for the past 60 yr continue, would not be possible with projected increases in VPD, creating a water ceiling to maize yields. Substantial increases in maize yields and the production of high yielding grasses for bioenergy will require developing cultivars with greater water use efficiency, a trait that has not been a priority for breeders in the past.
Fisheries and Climate Change: Legal and Management Implications
Authors: Farady Susan E , Bigford Thomas E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Many U.S. marine fisheries are showing the impacts of climate change. Some species are shifting outside their historical range in response to changing ecosystem conditions, especially warming waters, but also to changing habitats and ocean acidification. This new reality poses challenges to our current management regimes as fish and fishermen move, sometimes into areas dedicated to different historical uses or new ventures. This Perspective will explore how our current fishery management system is being tested by climate change impacts, the efforts underway to adapt science and management to a new normal in the ocean, the constraints of current law, and ideas for future law and regulation that is designed to enable management under climate-changed conditions.
Elemental mapping of micromorphological block samples using portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF): Integrating a geochemical line of evidence
Authors: Holcomb Justin A. , Karkanas Panagiotis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractArchaeological soil and sediment micromorphology represent the most efficient way to obtain microcontextual information at archaeological sites. Because of the generally qualitative (descriptive) nature of micromorphology, one difficulty with the method is establishing vertical and lateral continuity of the observed layers or features. Through an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis approach, we demonstrate that portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) elemental mapping of resin‐impregnated micromorphological block samples provides a complementary geoarchaeological approach for gathering valuable chemical information at the mesoscale. Specifically, we integrate these data with micromorphological analyses to aid our interpretation of the formation of a complex Archaic (seventh century) ritual ash midden (eschara) from the site of Kalapodi, in Greece. We demonstrate that pXRF elemental mapping provides a rapid and cost‐effective approach to generate a geochemical line of evidence during micromorphological analyses, and can help tease apart and interpret complex formation processes, such as those found in anthropogenic deposits.
Scanning X‐ray microdiffraction of decellularized pericardium tissue at increasing glucose concentration
Authors: Giannini Cinzia , Terzi Alberta , Fusaro Luca , Sibillano Teresa , Diaz Ana , Ramella Martina , Lutz‐Bueno Viviane , Boccafoschi Francesca , Bunk Oliver 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBlood glucose supplies energy to cells and is critical for the human brain. Glycation of collagen, the nonenzymatic formation of glucose‐bridges, relates to diseases of aging populations and diabetics. This chemical reaction, together with its biomechanical effects, has been well studied employing animal models. However, the direct impact of glycation on collagen nano‐structure is largely overlooked, and there is a lack of ex vivo model systems. Here, we present the impact of glucose on collagen nanostructure in a model system based on abundantly available connective tissue of farm animals. By combining ex vivo small and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) imaging, we characterize intra‐ and inter‐molecular parameters of collagen in decellularized bovine pericardium with picometer precision. We observe three distinct regimes according to glucose concentration. Such a study opens new avenues for inspecting the effects of diabetes mellitus on connective tissues and the influence of therapies on the resulting secondary disorders.