bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the mechanisms of refracturing technology featuring temporary plug for fracturing fluid diversion in tight sandstone reservoirs
Authors: Li Wei , Zhao Huan , Pu Hui , Zhang Yuguang , Wang Lei , Zhang Ligang , Sun Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWell production rates in unconventional plays usually decline dramatically in the first year. Refracturing, which is a remedial production operation, is often done because original hydraulic fracturing failed to contribute any significant amount of flow or significant unfractured pay exists in the well. In order to maximize the fracturing fluid contact with the intact rock and to stimulate more reservoir volume in previously stimulated wells, a refracturing technology featuring a novel temporary plugging for fluid diversion is developed to enable the fracturing fluid to reach the untouched areas and to create reoriented fractures. In this paper, laboratory physical simulation tests of refracturing using fiber for effective temporary plugging is carried out to study the refracture morphology and the influencing factors of refractures. Results show that the refracture morphology is affected by the horizontal stress difference, the injection rate of initial fracturing fluid, and the natural fractures. Under condition of the different horizontal stress differences, the fracture initiation and orientation angle are different. When the horizontal stress difference is small, it is easy to form large angle fractures. The injection rate of initial fracturing fluid affects the length of initial fractures and refractures. The smaller the initial fracturing fluid injection rate is, the better the effect of temporary plugging in refracturing. The presence of natural fractures will lead to reorientation of refractures to form a complex fracture network. This study provides a theoretical guidance and technology support for refracturing operations.
The use of CT scan imaging technique to determine pear bruise level due to external loads
Authors: Azadbakht Mohsen , Vahedi Torshizi Mohammad , Mahmoodi Mohammad Javad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractX‐ray computed tomography (CT) is an effective noninvasive tool to visualize fresh agricultural commodities’ internal components and quality attributes, also imaging via X‐ray CT is a non‐destructive and well‐developed method applied in measuring the internal effects of agricultural products. In the present research, 120 healthy pears with their health verification through the CT were selected. Next, 81 healthy pears were selected and subjected to quasi‐static and dynamic loading. The impact of the incoming pressures was investigated within 5, 10, and 15 days of storage. After loading and storing with the use of CT method, the total volume and the bruise volume of the pears were measured and the ratio of the bruise volume to the volume of each pear was calculated. Quasi‐static loads were pressurized over a period of two ways; the pressure of wide edge was exerted at three force levels of 70, 100, and 130 N while the pressure of the thin edge was applied at 15, 20, and 25 N. Dynamic loading was performed by utilizing a pendulum and 300, 350, and 400 g mass. The results of the experiments indicated that in the quasi‐static loading, the maximum and minimum amounts of pear bruise were 45.138% and 0.094% of the fruit, respectively. Besides, in the case of thin edge pressures, the minimum and maximum bruise levels were 0.007% and 19.88%, respectively. These values were obtained through 5 and 15 days of storage, respectively. In the dynamic loading, the maximum and minimum amounts of pear bruise were 47.36% and 0.21% of the total fruit, respectively, occurring at 400 and 300 g mass impact.
Microbial identification of potato taste defect from coffee beans
Authors: Ndayambaje Jean Bernard , Nsabimana Antoine , Dushime Sylvie , Ishimwe Florence , Janvier Habinshuti , Ongol Martin P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCoffee is a socioeconomic important plant all over the world due to its exportation and how it provides income to the farmers and the country. However, potato taste defect (PTD) affects the Rwandan coffee quality. The smell is reported to be caused by some bacteria that are responsible for the off‐flavor and may also be related to the infestation of Antestia pest which are in its elimination process. The aim of this study was to isolate, biochemically characterize, and identify bacteria producing potato flavor from Rwandan coffee. Five samples were obtained from different regions (Nyamasheke and Nyakizu) of Rwanda. Bacteria were isolated and enumerated in the nutrient agar media followed by culture on nutrient and tryptic soy broth media. Bacteria were also cultured to several carbon sources such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, pectin, and galactose to smell the odor produced by those bacteria. DNA extraction of isolates was done, and the resulting DNA strands were undergone three steps of PCR to be amplified using the forward primer and reverse primer. The identification of bacteria producing potato flavor from Rwandan coffee beans was done through 16S rDNA method followed by sequence analysis using FinchTV software and BLAST. Earthy odor was the mostly produced one for nutrient agar and tryptic soy agar media, and for carbon sources such as sucrose, glucose, pectin, fructose, and galactose. The potato odor was recorded mostly from damaged floaters and hand‐sorted damaged coffee beans. However, other odors such as fruity and ferment were found to be produced by bacteria in coffee beans. The study came up by concluding the presence of different kinds of bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae and Pantoea, which are responsible for the formation of 2‐isopropyl‐3‐methoxypyrazine (IMP) in coffee beans and cause the production of potato flavor.
5‐Hydroxy‐7‐methoxyflavone derivatives from Kaempferia parviflora induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Ono Shintaro , Yoshida Naoki , Maekawa Daisuke , Kitakaze Tomoya , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Kitano Takehiro , Fujita Takanori , Okuwa‐Hayashi Hirotaka , Harada Naoki , Nakano Yoshihisa , Yamaji Ryoichi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSkeletal muscle plays a critical role in locomotion and energy metabolism. Maintenance or enhancement of skeletal muscle mass contributes to the improvement of mobility and prevents the development of metabolic diseases. The extracts from Kaempferia parviflora rhizomes contain at least ten methoxyflavone derivatives that exhibit enhancing effects on ATP production and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ten K. parviflora‐derived methoxyflavone derivatives (six 5,7‐dimethoxyflavone (DMF) derivatives and four 5‐hydroxy‐7‐methoxyflavone (HMF) derivatives) on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Murine C2C12 myotubes and senescence‐accelerated mouse‐prone 1 (SAMP1) mice treated with methoxyflavones were used as experimental models to determine the effects of HMF derivatives on myotube diameter and size and muscle mass. The four HMF derivatives, but not the six DMF derivatives, increased myotube diameter. The 5‐hydroxyflavone, 7‐methoxyflavone, and 5,7‐dihydroxyflavone had no influence on myotube size, a result that differed from HMF. Dietary administration of the mixture composed of the four HMF derivatives resulted in increase in the soleus muscle size and mass in SAMP1 mice. HMF derivatives also promoted protein synthesis in myotubes, and treatment with the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA‐AM, which depletes intracellular Ca2+ levels, inhibited this promotion. Furthermore, BAPTA‐AM inhibited HMF‐promoted protein synthesis even when myotubes were incubated in Ca2+‐free medium. These results indicate that HMF derivatives induce myotube hypertrophy and that both the 5‐hydroxyl group and the 7‐methoxy group in the flavones are necessary for myotube hypertrophy. Furthermore, these results suggest that HMF‐induced protein synthesis requires intracellular Ca2+, but not extracellular Ca2+.
Maternal serum vitamin D levels and preterm delivery among low‐risk parturients in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwole Ayodeji A. , Okunade Kehinde S. , Okojie Osemen E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between low maternal vitamin D levels and preterm delivery among parturients in Lagos, Nigeria.MethodsThe present study was an analytical cross‐sectional study of women with preterm deliveries (defined as <37 weeks) and women with term deliveries (defined as ≥37 weeks) at the labor unit of Lagos University Teaching Hospital between December 1, 2015, and October 31, 2016. Relevant information was obtained via a proforma, and maternal venous samples were collected immediately after delivery. Serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D was determined by a vitamin D enzyme‐linked immunoassay kit.ResultsThe study enrolled 103 women in each group. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 14.1% (29/206). 24 (23.3%) women with preterm delivery had low serum vitamin D (<30 ng/mL) as compared with only 5 (4.9%) women with term delivery (P<0.001). Compared with normal serum vitamin D levels, low maternal vitamin D had an approximately nine‐fold higher likelihood of preterm delivery (adjusted odds ratio 9.41, 95% confidence interval 2.42–36.54; P<0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of serum vitamin D deficiency was higher among women with preterm delivery than among those with term delivery. The potential role of prenatal vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of preterm delivery should be further investigated.
Comparison of non‐invasive tests with invasive tests in the diagnosis of celiac disease
Authors: Gülseren Yasemin Derya , Adiloğlu Ali Kudret , Yücel Mihriban , Dağ Zuhal , Eyerci Nilnur , Berkem Rukiye , Filik Levent , Çaydere Muzaffer 
Published: November 2018

Background/AimsToday, invasive diagnostic tests are necessary for definite diagnosis of adult celiac disease (CD). However, in selected children patients, the need for invasive tests is ceased. In this study, we evaluated adult patients according to the ESPGHAN (European Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Society) criteria.MethodsThirty‐nine patients (aged 17‐66) with symptoms of CD were included. Serum samples were tested for total IgA, tTG‐IgA (antitissue transglutaminase), tTG‐IgG, DGP‐IgA (antideamidated gliadin peptide), DGP‐IgG, and EMA (endomysial antibodies). HLA‐DQ typing was studied with PCR‐SSP (sequence‐specific primers) method. Biopsy samples were evaluated according to Marsh scoring.ResultsIn CD patients, 71.4% (15/21) of the patients were diagnosed without biopsy according to the EPSGHAN criteria but when ESPGHAN's IgA tTG threshold value for children was taken into consideration (>200 IU/mL), the sensitivity decreased to 81%. Celiac disease diagnosed and control groups were compared in terms of HLA tissue types. DQ2.5 homozygous or DQ2.5/DQ2.2 was significantly higher in CD group, and DQ2‐ or DQ8‐negative HLA tissue type was significantly higher in control group.ConclusionWhen serological tests, HLA typing, and clinical symptoms are all in favor of CD, biopsy may not be performed in selected adult CD patients.
On distance ‐dominating and ‐independent sets in sparse graphs
Authors: Dvořák Zdeněk 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDvořák [European J. Combin. 34 (2013), pp. 833–840] gave a bound on the minimum size of a distance ‐dominating set in terms of the maximum size of a distance ‐independent set and generalized coloring numbers, thus obtaining a constant‐factor approximation algorithm for the parameters in any class of graphs with bounded expansion. We improve and clarify this dependence using a linear programming (LP)‐based argument inspired by the work of Bansal and Umboh [Inform. Process. Lett. 122 (2017), pp. 21–24].
Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Anti‐mycobacterial Activities of Propylene Tethered Benzofuran–Isatin Hybrids
Authors: Guo Hua 
Published: November 2018

A series of novel propylene tethered benzofuran–isatin hybrids 5a–j were designed, synthesized, and assessed for their in vitro anti‐mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv and multidrug‐resistant (MDR)‐MTB strains. All hybrids exhibited promising anti‐mycobacterial activities against the tested two pathogens with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 2 to 32 μg/mL, and the resistance index for a significant part of the hybrids was ≤1, indicating their potential for the treatment of drug‐resistant tuberculosis. Hybrid 5g (MIC: 2 and 4 μg/mL) was found to be the most active against MTB H37Rv and MDR‐MTB, which was eightfold and >32‐fold more active than the first‐line anti‐tuberculosis drugs rifampicin (MIC: 32 μg/mL) and isoniazid (MIC: >128 μg/mL) against MDR‐MTB, and it could act as a starting point for further optimization.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Bioactivity of Novel Bicinnolines Having 1‐Piperazinyl Moieties
Authors: Al‐Qtaitat Malath A. , El‐Abadelah Mustafa M. , Sabri Salim S. , Matar Suzan A. , Hammad Hana M. , Mubarak Mohammad S. 
Published: November 2018

A number of novel bicinnolines containing piperazine moieties, 4a–o, were synthesized via polyphosphoric acid‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of the respective acyl amidrazone derivatives (3a–o). On the other hand, the amidrazones (3a–o) were prepared by reaction of N′,N″‐(biphenyl‐4,4′‐diyl)bis(2‐oxopropane hydrazonoyl chloride) (2) with the appropriate cyclic sec‐amines in the presence of trimethylamine in absolute ethanol. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by NMR and mass spectral data. The antitumor activity of compounds 4a–o was evaluated in vitro on human breast cancer MDA‐231 by a cell viability assay. Results revealed that compounds 4k, 4n, and 4o exhibit potential cytotoxic effects (>70%) on the cancer cells. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of compounds 4a–o was evaluated against three clinical microbial strains: Escherichia coli (Gram‐negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram‐positive bacteria), and Candida albicans (fungi/yeast). Results revealed that compounds 4e and 4k exhibit good activity against all three strains included in the study and that compound 4d displays excellent activity against S. aureus strain with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 0.187 mg/mL.
Previous incarceration impacts access to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment among HIV‐HCV co‐infected patients in Canada
Authors: Kronfli Nadine , Nitulescu Roy , Cox Joseph , Moodie Erica EM , Wong Alexander , Cooper Curtis , Gill John , Walmsley Sharon , Martel‐Laferrière Valérie , Hull Mark W , Klein Marina B ,   the Canadian Co‐Infection Cohort Study
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is far higher in prison settings than in the general population; thus, micro‐elimination strategies must target people in prison to eliminate HCV. We aimed to examine incarceration patterns and determine whether incarceration impacts HCV treatment uptake among Canadian HIV‐HCV co‐infected individuals in the direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) era.MethodsThe Canadian Co‐Infection Cohort prospectively follows HIV‐HCV co‐infected people from 18 centres. HCV RNA‐positive participants with available baseline information on incarceration history were included and followed from 21 November 2013 (when second‐generation DAAs were approved by Health Canada) until 30 June 2017. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the effect of time‐updated incarceration status on time to treatment uptake, adjusting for patient‐level characteristics known to be associated with treatment uptake in the DAA era.ResultsOverall, 1433 participants (1032/72% men) were included; 67% had a history of incarceration and 39% were re‐incarcerated at least once. Compared to those never incarcerated, previously incarcerated participants were more likely to be Indigenous, earn <$1500 CAD/month, report current or past injection drug use and have poorly controlled HIV. There were 339 second‐generation DAA treatment initiations during follow‐up (18/100 person‐years). Overall, 48% of participants never incarcerated were treated (27/100 person‐years) compared to only 31% of previously incarcerated participants (15/100 person‐years). Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates at 12 weeks were 95% and 92% respectively. After adjusting for other factors, participants with a history of incarceration (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5 to 0.9) were less likely to initiate treatment, as were those with a monthly income <$1500 (aHR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5 to 0.9) or who reported current injection drug use (aHR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.0). Participants with undetectable HIV RNA (aHR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6 to 2.9) or significant fibrosis (aHR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.9) were more likely to initiate treatment.ConclusionsThe majority of HIV‐HCV co‐infected persons had a history of incarceration. Those previously incarcerated were 30% less likely to access treatment in the DAA era even after accounting for several patient‐level characteristics. With SVR rates above 90%, HCV elimination may be possible if treatment is expanded for this vulnerable and neglected group.
Factors Related to the Assessment of Resting Metabolic Rate in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Frankenfield David C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPredicting resting metabolic rate (RMR) in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients is an important part of the nutrition care in such patients.MethodsRMR and associated clinical data from various studies of mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients were combined, and the impact of body size, age, reason for admission, and sedation level were analyzed along with prediction methods of RMR (the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition [ASPEN] standards and the Penn State equation).ResultsAmong 826 measurements, trauma patients had a higher RMR than surgical and medical patients (2077 ± 290 vs 1987 ± 282 kcal/d; P < .0001). RMR was not different in sedated vs unsedated patients. Wide ranges of weight (27–374 kg) and age (18–95 years) were captured. The relationships between weight and RMR and RMR and age were curvilinear. For weight‐based ratio methods of RMR prediction, <50% of predictions were within the range in which they were designed to work. The accuracy of the Penn State equation was better in some weight categories than others. New equations based on a wider range of body weights and ages are presented.ConclusionsCurvilinear functions exist for weight and age in relation to RMR, but extraordinary levels of each are required for the curve to become apparent. The ASPEN energy standards (kcal/kg body weight) fail to predict RMR because the relationship is more complex than a simple ratio. The Penn State equations are better able to model these relationships. The new versions of the equation presented here await validation.
Preprocessing of spectral data in the extended multiplicative signal correction framework using multiple reference spectra
Authors: Skogholt Joakim , Liland Kristian Hovde , Indahl Ulf Geir 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExtended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) is a widely used framework for preprocessing spectral data. In the EMSC framework, spectra are scaled according to a given reference spectrum. Spectra that are far from collinear with the selected reference spectrum may not be scaled appropriately. An extension of the EMSC framework that allows for the incorporation of multiple reference spectra in the EMSC model is proposed to remedy this issue. Useful candidate reference spectra can be obtained from the dominant right singular vectors associated with the matrix of spectra, but any desired reference spectra can be used. As a part of this extension, we propose to change the basis used in the EMSC preprocessing to an orthonormal basis. Using an orthonormal basis will remove confounding issues between the basis vectors and make the obtained EMSC model simpler to interpret. We discuss the proposed modification theoretically and demonstrate its use with two data sets of Raman spectra and modelling with partial least quares regression and Tikhonov regularization. The data sets used are Raman spectra of oil samples from salmon with iodine value as the response and Raman spectra of an emulsion of water, whey protein, and different oils with polyunsaturated fatty acids as response (both as percentage of total fat content and total weight).
Effects of high temperature on the fine structure of starch during the grain‐filling stages in rice: mathematical modeling and integrated enzymatic analysis
Authors: Fan Xiaolei , Li Yingqiu , Zhang Changquan , Li Enpeng , Chen Zhuanzhuan , Li Qianfeng , Zhang Zhongwei , Zhu Yun , Sun Xiaosong , Liu Qiaoquan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh temperature during the grain‐filling stage is an important factor that can affect grain quality by altering the composition and structure of starch in rice. Therefore, it is important to study the regulatory mechanism of high temperature on rice starch biosynthesis.RESULTSTwo japonica cultivars, the waxy rice Taihunuo and non‐waxy Nangeng 5055 were used to examine the effect of high temperature on the fine structure of starch during the grain‐filling stage. Analysis of starch chain length distribution indicated that exposure to a high temperature increased the content of starch with medium‐long chains and decreased the starch with short chains in both rice varieties. The differences of amylopectin synthesis responding to high temperature between waxy and non‐waxy rice can shed light on the interactions of amylose and amylopectin synthesis under high temperature conditions. In the non‐waxy variety, the amylose biosynthesis may affect the short and medium‐long amylopectin biosynthesis under high temperature. A mathematical fitting model was used to interpret the fine structure of amylopectin and a series of parameters with enzymatical significance (β and γ) were obtained. The fitting results showed that the waxy and non‐waxy rice had similar responses to high temperature. The variations of the parameter response to high temperature was more remarkable in Taihunuo. Activity analysis of starch synthesis‐related enzymes during the grain‐filling stage demonstrated the reliability of model fitting results.CONCLUSIONThe influences of high temperature on the fine structure of starch are similar between waxy and non‐waxy rice. Amylose biosynthesis may affect amylopectin biosynthesis under high temperature. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth and active compounds of rhubarb from Qinghai plateau
Authors: Xiong Feng , Nie Xiuqing , Zhao Xiaohui , Yang Lucun , Zhou Guoying 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundRheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf is one of the plants generically known as rhubarb, a culinary vegetable that has long been used as a herbal remedy both in China and Europe. Increasing demand for rhubarb has triggered the overexploitation of Rh. tanguticum. Cultivation is therefore necessary for quality control and protection of wild resources. Nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in cultivation. This study aimed to explore how nitrogen fertilizer affects the growth and quality of rhubarb on the Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau.ResultsNitrogen fertilizer promoted growth but had no significant influence on the active compounds of Rh. tanguticum. Generally, the N2 (150 kg ha−1) and N3 (225 kg ha−1) levels showed the most improved growth indexes, with no significant differences between them. The growth index and the amounts of eight of the nine studied active compounds in Rh. tanguticum increased from each year to the next and differed among growth stages. The contents of the active compounds were higher at the green stage and lower at the growth stage, which was opposite to the seasonal trends in root dry matter ratio. Gallic acid levels decreased with the growth of the plant.ConclusionThe N2 level (150 kg ha−1) was the recommended nitrogen fertilizer level in this study. It was revealed that seasonal changes rather than nitrogen fertilizer influenced active compounds in the root of Rh. tanguticum. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry