bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Water Oxidation by Ferrate(VI) at pH 7–9
Authors: Chen Gui , Lam William W. Y. , Lo Po‐Kam , Man Wai‐Lun , Chen Lingjing , Lau Kai‐Chung , Lau Tai‐Chu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe kinetics of water oxidation by K2FeO4 has been reinvestigated by UV/Vis spectrophotometry from pH 7–9 in 0.2 m phosphate buffer. The rate of reaction was found to be second‐order in both [FeO42−] and [H+]. These results are consistent with a proposed mechanism in which the first step involves the initial equilibrium protonation of FeO42− to give FeO3(OH)−, which then undergoes rate‐limiting O−O bond formation. Analysis of the O2 isotopic composition for the reaction in H218O suggests that the predominant pathway for water oxidation by ferrate is intramolecular O−O coupling. DFT calculations have also been performed, which support the proposed mechanism.
Concerted Interplay of Excimer and Dipole Coupling Governs the Exciton Relaxation Dynamics in Crystalline Anthracenes
Authors: Philip Abbey M. , Manikandan Sreenath K. , Shaji Anil , Hariharan Mahesh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA combined theoretical and experimental investigation into the role of concerted long‐ (dipole coupling) and short‐range (orbital overlap mediated excimer) electronic interactions in modulating the emission of six crystalline acetylanthracenes (1–3) is reported. Friedel–Crafts acylation of anthracene rendered crystalline acetylanthracenes with discrete close packing, varied orbital overlap, and resultant distinct emission (blue–green–yellow) from cooperative excimer and dipole coupling. Time‐resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES) studies and the Kasha's exciton theory based quantitative estimation of dipole coupling (mean‐field approximation) substantiates the exciton dynamics in crystalline 1–3. Extension of the Kasha's exciton model beyond the traditional nearest‐neighbor approach, and consistent agreement among the computed spectral shifts and TRES temporal components, corroborate a holistic approach to decipher the exciton relaxation dynamics in the molecular assembly of novel photonic materials.
Solid‐to‐Hollow Conversion of Silver Nanocrystals by Surface‐Protected Etching
Authors: Liu Kai , Liu Hongpo , Fan Qikui , Zhang Shumeng , Liu Zhaojun , Han Lu , Li Houshen , Gao Chuanbo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough hollow silver nanocrystals possess unique plasmonic properties, there is a lack of robust strategies to synthesize such nanocrystals with high efficiency and controllability. To solve this problem, a new surface‐protected etching strategy to convert solid Ag nanocrystals, which are widely available from conventional syntheses, into their hollow counterparts, producing a family of hollow Ag nanocrystals is reported. Hollow Ag nanospheres and nanotubes were prepared conveniently in this way. The key was the surface modification of Ag nanocrystals by a minor amount of Pt prior to a controllable etching process, which accounts for enhanced stability of the Ag surface and subsequent etching of Ag from the inner part of the nanocrystals while retaining the overall crystal morphology. These hollow Ag nanocrystals showed distinctive optical properties, as demonstrated by the enhanced optical transmittance of flexible electrodes fabricated with Ag nanotubes, compared to nanowires. These hollow Ag nanocrystals hold promise in different plasmonic and electronic applications.
Description of Disperse Multiphase Processes: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Hohl Lena , Panckow Robert P. , Schulz Joschka M. , Jurtz Nico , Böhm Lutz , Kraume Matthias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe experimental accessibility of disperse systems often is a critical factor when it comes to the development of modeling approaches that intend to converge towards an exact solution. Often, integral or pseudo‐homogeneous values are used to reduce the complexity of the system, but a detailed single particle or interface analysis is crucial to understand relevant effects that also affect the swarm behavior. A high number of experimental techniques with respective limitations and advantages is available to quantify these effects. In this work, an overview on measurement techniques for momentum, heat and mass transfer in particle swarms as well as for the particle size distribution and interface characterization is provided. The industrial applicability is addressed by pointing out the vicinity to the process and the costs of different measurement techniques.
Fashion image digital color analysis method
Authors: Yun Sun Ae , Kim Young‐In 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a more accurate method for analyzing fashion image digital colors in uncertain observation conditions. The standard color values used in this experiment were obtained from 10 pieces of actual clothing provided by their designers. The comparison color values were created from fashion images using human visual perception, software color analysis, and a combination of human visual perception and software color analysis. The other 10 color values were determined using the method developed in this study. The data were processed using Microsoft Excel 2013 and the statistical program R 3.4.2. Descriptive analyses, 1‐way anova tests, and a multiple comparisons post‐test were conducted using false discovery rates. The results showed that a combination of human and software analysis produced more accurate results than either alone. ΔE
*ab 3–6 was found to be the minimum color difference tolerance between actual clothing and fashion image.
Multiple components of environmental change drive populations of breeding waders in seminatural grasslands
Authors: Laursen Karsten , Balbontín Javier , Thorup Ole , Haaning Nielsen Henrik , Asferg Tommy , Møller Anders Pape 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEnvironments are rapidly changing due to climate change, land use, intensive agriculture, and the impact of hunting on predator populations. Here, we analyzed long‐term data recorded during 1928–2014 on the size of breeding populations of waders at two large nature reserves in Denmark, Vejlerne and Tipperne, to determine the effects of components of environmental change on breeding populations of waders. Environmental variables and counts of waders were temporally autocorrelated, and we used generalized least square (GLS) by incorporating the first‐order autoregressive correlation structure in the analyses. We attempted to predict the abundance of waders for short‐term trends for two nature reserves (35 years) and for long‐term trends for one nature reserve (86 years), using precipitation, temperature, nutrients, abundance of foxes Vulpes vulpes, area grazed, and number of cattle. There was evidence of impacts of nutrients, climate (long‐term changes in temperature and precipitation), grazing, mowing, and predation on bird populations. We used standard random effects meta‐analyses weighted by (N–3) to quantify these mean effects. There was no significant difference in effect size among species, while mean effect size differed consistently among environmental factors, and the interaction between effect size for species and environmental factors was also significant. Thus, environmental factors affected the different species differently. Mean effect size was the largest at +0.20 for rain, +0.11 for temperature, −0.09 for fox abundance, and −0.03 for number of cattle, while there was no significant mean effect for fertilizer, area grazed, and year. Effect sizes for two short‐term time series from Tipperne and Vejlerne were positively correlated as were effect sizes for short‐term and long‐term time series at Tipperne. This implies that environmental factors had consistent effects across large temporal and spatial scales.
Spray‐Assisted Synthesis of MnO@C/Graphene Composites as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Xiaopan , Liu Xiaowei , Wang Yang , Liu Xuehua , Kong Zhen , Fu Aiping , Li Yanhui , Guo Peizhi , Li Hongliang , Song Guojun 
Published: September 2018

The preparation of a composite consisting of amorphous carbon‐coated MnO nanoparticles deposited on graphene sheets (i.e., MnO@C/rGO) by a spray‐assisted method is reported. The MnO@C/rGO composite used as an active material for supercapacitors exhibits an excellent cyclability and a high specific capacitance in a two‐electrode system using 2 mol L−1 KOH aqueous solution as the electrolyte. High specific capacitances of 264 and 176 F g−1 at current densities of 1 and 20 A g−1, respectively, are achieved. A rate‐capability retention of about 67% is obtained when the current density increases from 1 to 20 A g−1, and the specific capacitance is retained at 78% after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 20 A g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance of the MnO@C/rGO is ascribed to the integration of graphene and the coating of amorphous carbon derived from glucose, which significantly improves the conductivity and alleviates the agglomeration of MnO. The unique architecture and good electrical conductivity increase the specific surface area and provide continuous electrical contact during the charge/discharge process. It is shown that carbon coating is an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of metal oxides/graphene composites.
Outdoor Performance of Fluidic Glass–Glass Laminate Windows for Building Integration
Authors: Heiz Benjamin P. V. , Pan Zhiwen , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: September 2018

Fluidic windows enable the implementation of liquids in building envelopes. Such liquids may act as a heat reservoir and exchange medium or provide additional functionality to the building skin. Here, outdoor operations of double‐glazed windows which include a transparent capillary panel as one of the glazings are reported. The capillary devices were used as heat exchangers by which water circulates across the window surface. A mobile demonstration facility is built, which uses 1.6 m2 of active window surface for thermal input to a test room of 9 m3. Outdoor operations are conducted over multiple weeks in winter and summer seasons to demonstrate hydronic heating and cooling, respectively, by varying the inlet temperature and the flow rate of the circulating liquid. For heating operations at an outdoor air temperature of −5 °C, an overall heat transfer coefficient of 22 W m−2 K−1 is demonstrated. Using the same system for cooling with southeast façade orientation at an average solar irradiance of 800 W m−2 enables significant reduction of peak and average room temperature. In comparison to conventional heating, ventilation and air‐conditioning technology, a significant reduction of the applied temperature gradient and air circulation rates is achieved.
Experimental seismic performance evaluation of modular lightweight steel buildings within the ELISSA project
Authors: Landolfo Raffaele , Iuorio Ornella , Fiorino Luigi 
Published: September 2018

SummaryLightweight steel buildings made up by cold‐formed steel (CFS) members as main structural components are growing in popularity in the most industrialized countries. Cold‐formed steel buildings start to be adopted also in seismic regions thanks to their efficient fabrication, reduced site work, short time of construction, and good structural performance. However, the dynamic properties and full seismic performance of CFS buildings completed with finishing is an open question. This paper attempts to provide a contribution to this research question, by a full experimental campaign aiming at investigating the dynamic properties of a modular building developed within the “Energy efficient LIghtweight Sustainable SAfe steel construction” (ELISSA) research project. The work shows the results of an international collaboration between universities and industrial partners aimed at developing a CFS prefabricated dry construction system with improved antiseismic properties and energy performance. This work will discuss the design of the modular building named ELISSA house, the experimental investigation going from small‐scale tests of components, to static tests of shear walls, up to shake table tests of a 2‐storey mock‐up building. It will analyze the dynamic properties of the structural system compared to the building completed with all the finishing, focusing on fundamental period of vibration, damping ratio, building drift, and observed damage.
Experimental study of tenability during a full‐scale motorcoach tire fire
Authors: Johnsson Erik L. , Yang Jiann C. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryFull‐scale fire experiments were conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to investigate tire fire interactions with the passenger compartment of a motorcoach. A single full‐scale experiment with a partially furnished interior was conducted to investigate tire fire growth within the passenger compartment and the onset of untenable conditions. A tire fire was initiated using a burner designed to imitate the frictional heating of hub and wheel metal caused by failed axle bearings, locked brakes, or dragged blown tires. Measurements of interior and exterior temperatures, interior heat flux, heat release rate, toxic gases, and visibility were performed. Standard and infrared videos and still photographs were also recorded. The results of this single experiment showed that after fire penetration into the passenger compartment, the tenability limits were reached within 8 minutes near the fire and within 11 minutes throughout the passenger compartment.
Towards a Systematic Understanding of How to Institutionally Design Scientific Advisory Committees: A Conceptual Framework and Introduction to a Special Journal Issue
Authors: Hoffman Steven J. , Ottersen Trygve , Tejpar Ali , Baral Prativa , Fafard Patrick 
Published: September 2018

AbstractScientifically‐derived insights are often held as requirements for defensible policy choices. Scientific advisory committees (SACs) figure prominently in this landscape, often with the promise of bringing scientific evidence to decision‐makers. Yet, there is sparse and scattered knowledge about what institutional features influence the operations and effectiveness of SACs, how these design choices influence subsequent decision‐making, and the lessons learned from their application. The consequences of these knowledge gaps are that SACs may not be functioning as effectively as possible. The articles in this special journal issue of Global Challenges bring together insights from experts across several disciplines, all of whom are committed to improving SACs' effectiveness worldwide. The aim of the special issue is to inform future SAC design in order to help maximize the application of high‐quality scientific research for the decisions of policymakers, practitioners, and the public alike. In addition to providing an overview of the special issue and a summary of each article within it, this introductory essay presents a definition of SACs and a conceptual framework for how different institutional features and contextual factors affect three proximal determinants of SACs' effectiveness, namely the quality of advice offered, the relevance of that advice, and its legitimacy.
The effect of personalised weight feedback on weight loss and health behaviours: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design
Authors: Cook Will 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUsing a regression‐discontinuity approach on a U.K. longitudinal dataset, this research analyses whether personalised weight feedback resulted in individuals losing weight over a period of between 2 and 7 years. The analysis presented here finds that being told one was “overweight” had, on average, no effect on subsequent weight loss; however, being told one was “very overweight” resulted in individuals losing, on average, approximately 1% of their bodyweight. The effect of feedback was found to be strongly moderated by household income, with those in higher income households accounting for seemingly all of the estimated effect due, in part, to increased physical activity. These findings suggest that the provision of weight feedback may be a cost‐effective way to reduce obesity in adults. They do however also highlight that the differential response to the provision of health information may be a driver of health inequalities and that the provision of feedback may bias longitudinal health studies.
Electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) nanofiber shish kebabs mimic mineralized bony surface features
Authors: Yu Tony , Gleeson Sarah E. , Li Christopher Y. , Marcolongo Michele 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElectrospinning of nanofiber is of growing interest especially in bone tissue engineering because of its similar fibrous properties to the extracellular matrix. To this end, we have fabricated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber shish kebab (NFSK) templates. The novelty of this work is the ability to control the mineral orientation and spatial location on the nanofiber, mimicking natural collagen fibers. However, NFSK templates have properties that need to be investigated in terms of cellular response including fiber alignment and crystallization. In this study, MC3T3 E1 preosteoblast cells were seeded onto the templates to determine the effect of both fiber orientation and kebab size on the cell metabolic activity. PCL was electrospun to form aligned and randomly oriented nanofibers, which were then crystallized in a PCL solution in pentyl acetate for 15 and 60 min, resulting in the formation of homopolymer PCL NFSK templates. We evaluated the cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3 E1 cells after 3, 7, and 14 days in coculture. Aligned nanofiber and polymer crystallization both significantly increased the cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity at each time point. The aligned nanofibers and polymer crystallization resulted in the highest metabolic activities of the cells compared to the randomly oriented fibers and noncrystallized controls. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1141–1149, 2019.
Melatonin inhibits breast cancer cell invasion through modulating DJ‐1/KLF17/ID‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: El‐Sokkary Gamal H. , Ismail Ismail Ahmed , Saber Saber H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common neoplastic disorder diagnosed in women. The main goal of this study was to explore the effect of melatonin against breast cancer metastasis and compared this with the actions of taxol (a well‐known chemotherapeutic drug), and the impact of their combination against breast cancer metastasis. Melatonin showed no cytotoxic effect while taxol showed antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Furthermore, melatonin inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species. Melatonin and taxol clearly decreased cell migration and invasion at low doses, especially those matching the normal physiological concentration at night. Melatonin and taxol markedly reduced DJ‐1 and ID‐1 and increased KLF17 messenger RNA and protein expression levels. The present results also showed that melatonin and taxol induced GSK3‐β nuclear and Snail cytosolic localization. These changes were accompanied by a concurrent rise in E‐cadherin expression. The above data show that normal levels of melatonin may help in preventing breast cancer metastasis through inhibiting DJ‐1/KLF17/ID‐1 signaling pathway. The combination of melatonin and taxol is a potent candidate against breast cancer metastasis, better than using melatonin or taxol as a single drug.
Adipose tissue‐derived stem cells inhibit hypertrophic scar (HS) fibrosis via p38/MAPK pathway
Authors: Chai Chi‐Yung , Song Junlong , Tan Zhenwei , Tai I‐Chun , Zhang Chaoying , Sun Shengrong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe current study was designed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) on hypertrophic scar (HS) fibrosis.MethodReal‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression of collagen I (Col1), collagen III (Col3), and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) after fibroblasts and cultured HS tissues were treated with ADSC medium. All data were analyzed by using SPSS17.0 software. Statistical analysis was performed by Student t tests.ResultsThe in vitro study showed that ADSC medium decreased the expression of Col1, Col3, and α‐SMA. In addition, the protein level of p‐p38 was downregulated by ADSC medium treatment in a concentration dependent manner.ConclusionThe current study demonstrated that ADSC could decrease collagen deposition and scar formation in in vitro experiments. The regulation of the p38/MAPK signaling pathway might play an important role in the process.
Daphnetin protects hippocampal neurons from oxygen‐glucose deprivation–induced injury
Authors: Zhi Jin , Duan Bin , Pei Jiwen , Wu Songdi , Wei Junli 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDaphnetin, a coumarin derivative extracted from Daphne odora var., was reported to possess a neuroprotective effect. Recently, it has been demonstrated that daphnetin attenuates ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the role of daphnetin in cerebral I/R injury and the potential mechanism have not been fully understood. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory roles of daphnetin on oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)–induced cell injury in a model of hippocampal neurons. Our results demonstrated that daphnetin improved cell viability and reduced the lactate dehydrogenase leakage in OGD/R–stimulated hippocampal neurons. In addition, daphnetin inhibited oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in hippocampal neurons after OGD/R stimulation. Furthermore, daphnetin significantly enhanced the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) expression in hippocampal neurons exposed to OGD/R. Knockdown of Nrf2 blocked the protective effect of daphnetin on OGD/R–induced hippocampal neurons. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that daphnetin attenuated oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after OGD/R injury through the activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway in hippocampal neurons. Thus, daphnetin may be a novel therapeutic agent for cerebral I/R injury.
CREB‐upregulated lncRNA MEG3 promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating miR‐302a‐3p‐CRTC2 axis
Authors: Zhu Xiang , Li Hongqi , Wu Yuanbo , Zhou Jian , Yang Guangwei , Wang Weidong , Kang Dongmei , Ye Shandong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHepatic gluconeogenesis is the major contributor to hyperglycemia in diabetes. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been shown to promote hepatic insulin resistance; however, the underlying mechanism involving hepatic gluconeogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential role of MEG3 in hepatic gluconeogenesis. Mouse primary hepatocytes were used in this study. Cell transfection was performed for the overexpression or knockdown of specific genes. Expressions of MEG3, miR‐302a‐3p, CREB‐regulated transcriptional coactivator 2 (CRTC2), protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB), PPARγ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pc) were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐qPCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. The association among MEG3, miR‐302a‐3p, and CRTC2 was disclosed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. MEG3 was highly expressed in high glucagon‐treated mouse primary hepatocytes. CREB‐induced MEG3 upregulation increased gluconeogenic gene expression in high glucagon‐treated primary hepatocytes, while MEG3 interference led to an opposite effect. MEG3 served as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to upregulate CRTC2 by targeting miR‐302a‐3p in primary hepatocytes, thereby increasing PGC‐1α‐PEPCK/G6Pc. CREB‐upregulated MEG3‐enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis via mediating miR‐302a‐3p‐CRTC2 axis, revealing that MEG3 might be a potential target and therapeutic strategy for diabetes.