bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A non‐tandem CCCH‐type zinc‐finger protein, IbC3H18, functions as a nuclear transcriptional activator and enhances abiotic stress tolerance in sweet potato
Authors: Zhang Huan , Gao Xiaoru , Zhi Yuhai , Li Xu , Zhang Qian , Niu Jinbiao , Wang Jun , Zhai Hong , Zhao Ning , Li Jigang , Liu Qingchang , He Shaozhen 
Published: May 2019

Summary

CCCH‐type zinc‐finger proteins play essential roles in regulating plant development and stress responses. However, the molecular and functional properties of non‐tandem CCCH‐type zinc‐finger (non‐TZF) proteins have been rarely characterized in plants.

Here, we report the biological and molecular characterization of a sweet potato non‐TZF gene, IbC3H18. We show that IbC3H18 exhibits tissue‐ and abiotic stress‐specific expression, and could be effectively induced by abiotic stresses, including NaCl, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, H2O2 and abscisic acid (ABA) in sweet potato.

Accordingly, overexpression of IbC3H18 led to increased, whereas knock‐down of IbC3H18 resulted in decreased tolerance of sweet potato to salt, drought and oxidation stresses. In addition, IbC3H18 functions as a nuclear transcriptional activator and regulates the expression of a range of abiotic stress‐responsive genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, ABA signaling, photosynthesis and ion transport pathways. Moreover, our data demonstrate that IbC3H18 physically interacts with IbPR5, and that overexpression of IbPR5 enhances salt and drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants.

Collectively, our data indicate that IbC3H18 functions in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in sweet potato, which may serve as a candidate gene for use in improving abiotic stress resistance in crops.
Maternal educational inequalities in measured body mass index trajectories in three European countries
Authors: McCrory Cathal , Leahy Siobhan , Ribeiro Ana Isabel , Fraga Silvia , Barros Henrique , Avendano Mauricio , Vineis Paolo , Layte Richard ,   the LIFEPATH consortium
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundSocial inequalities in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity are well‐established, but less is known about when the social gradient first emerges and how it evolves across childhood and adolescence.ObjectiveThis study examines maternal education differentials in children's body mass trajectories in infancy, childhood and adolescence using data from four contemporary European child cohorts.MethodsProspective data on children's body mass index (BMI) were obtained from four cohort studies—Generation XXI (G21—Portugal), Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) infant and child cohorts, and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS—UK)—involving a total sample of 41,399 children and 120,140 observations. Children's BMI trajectories were modelled by maternal education level using mixed‐effect models.ResultsMaternal educational inequalities in children's BMI were evident as early as three years of age. Children from lower maternal educational backgrounds were characterised by accelerated BMI growth, and the extent of the disparity was such that boys from primary‐educated backgrounds measured 0.42 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.24, 0.60) heavier at 7 years of age in G21, 0.90 kg/m2(95% CI 0.60, 1.19) heavier at 13 years of age in GUI and 0.75 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.52, 0.97) heavier in MCS at 14 years of age. The corresponding figures for girls were 0.71 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.50, 0.91), 1.31 kg/m2 (95% CI 1.00, 1.62) and 0.76 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.53, 1.00) in G21, GUI and MCS, respectively.ConclusionsMaternal education is a strong predictor of BMI across European nations. Socio‐economic differentials emerge early and widen across childhood, highlighting the need for early intervention.
Apoplastic barriers, aquaporin gene expression and root and cell hydraulic conductivity in phosphate‐limited sheepgrass plants
Authors: Li Lingyu , Pan Sirui , Melzer Rainer , Fricke Wieland 
Published: May 2019

Mineral nutrient supply can affect the hydraulic property of roots. The aim of the present work on sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis L.) plants was to test whether any changes in root hydraulic conductivity (Lp; exudation analyses) in response to a growth‐limiting supply of phosphate (P) are accompanied by changes in (1) cell Lp via measuring the cell pressure, (2) the aquaporin (AQP) gene expression by performing qPCR and (3) the formation of apoplastic barriers, by analyzing suberin lamella and Casparian bands via cross‐sectional analyses in roots. Plants were grown hydroponically on complete nutrient solution, containing 250 µM P, until they were 31–36 days old, and then kept for 2–3 weeks on either complete solution, or transferred on solution containing 2.5 µM (low‐P) or no added P (no‐P). Phosphate treatments caused significant decreases in root and cell‐Lp and AQP gene expression, while the formation of apoplastic barriers increased, particularly in lateral roots. Experiments using the AQP inhibitor mercury (Hg) suggested that a significant portion of radial root water uptake in sheepgrass occurs along a path involving AQPs, and that the Lp of this path is reduced under low‐ and no‐P. It is concluded that a growth‐limiting supply of phosphate causes parallel changes in (1) cell Lp and aquaporin gene expression (decrease) and (2) apoplastic barrier formation (increase), and that the two may combine to reduce root Lp. The reduction in root Lp, in turn, facilitates an increased root‐to‐shoot surface area ratio, which allocates resources to the root, sourcing the limiting nutrient.
Oral lichen planus: A disease or a spectrum of tissue reactions? Types, causes, diagnostic algorhythms, prognosis, management strategies
Authors: Carrozzo Marco , Porter Stephen , Mercadante Valeria , Fedele Stefano 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions comprise a group of disorders of the oral mucosa that likely represent a common reaction pattern to 1 or more unknown antigens. The coexistence of hyperkeratotic striation/reticulation, varying degrees of mucosal inflammation from mild erythema to severe widespread ulceration, and a band‐like infiltrate of mononuclear inflammatory cells including activated T lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, are considered suggestive of oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions. Several classification systems of oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions have been attempted, although none seem to be comprehensive. In this paper, we present a classification of oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions that includes oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid contact lesions, oral lichenoid drug reactions, oral lichenoid lesions of graft vs. host disease, discoid lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus, lichen planus‐like variant of paraneoplastic pemphigus/paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome, chronic ulcerative stomatitis, lichen planus pemphigoides, solitary fixed drug eruptions, and lichen sclerosus. We present the clinical and diagnostic aspects of oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions, and discuss related treatment options.
Oral autoimmune vesicobullous diseases: Classification, clinical presentations, molecular mechanisms, diagnostic algorithms, and management
Authors: Leuci Stefania , Ruoppo Elvira , Adamo Daniela , Calabria Elena , Mignogna Michele Davide 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMucocutaneous blistering autoimmune diseases are a group of systemic, rare, chronic disorders characterized by humoral‐mediated immunologic mechanisms against epithelial, basement membrane, and subepithelial tissues. Morbidity and mortality can be completely different among these diseases, with outcome being dependent on an early and accurate diagnosis, systemic comorbidities, and the patient's response to treatment. Definitive diagnosis is based on clinical and histopathologic findings. Because clinical presentations among these diseases are often similar, different immunofluorescence tests and ELISAs are used to confirm the specific diagnosis. Oral mucosa may often be the first site of clinical manifestation from which the disease spreads to other mucosal surfaces and skin. Thus, often dentists and oral medicine specialists may be the first to encounter patients with such diseases. In this review we discuss the most frequent autoimmune vesicobullous disorders, namely pemphigus vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid, bullous pemphigoid, and linear IgA disease.
On the phylogenetic position and systematics of extant and fossil Aclopinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Neita‐Moreno Jhon César , Agrain Federico A. , Eberle Jonas , Ahrens Dirk , Pereyra Vanina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Aclopinae is a small subfamily within the family Scarabaeidae. It currently comprises five extant genera with 28 species, and eight fossil genera with 25 species. The systematic position of Aclopinae within the family Scarabaeidae is uncertain, particularly because representative species of Aclopinae have been absent in previous phylogenetic studies. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses using morphological and molecular data to investigate the phylogenetic position of fossil and extant Aclopinae. For this objective, we expanded and revised a former morphological data matrix (composed of 68 characters) including all extant genera of Aclopinae. We complemented our morphological investigations with a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on four genes of several extant taxa of Aclopinae and a wide sample of diverse Scarabaeoidea. Our phylogenetic analyses show that all the type species of the fossil genera formerly included within Aclopinae do not belong within the extant Aclopinae clade and support both the exclusion of those fossil taxa and the monophyly of the extant genera of Aclopinae: Aclopus Erichson, Desertaclopus Ocampo & Mondaca, Gracilaclopus Ocampo & Mondaca, Neophanaeognatha Allsopp and Phanaeognatha Hope. Our results also show that the fossil taxa Prophaenognatha robusta Bai et al. and Ceafornotensis archratiras Woolley are closely related to Ochodaeidae, while the remaining type species of fossils formerly included in Aclopinae (Cretaclopus longipes (Ponomarenko), Holcorobeus vittatus Nikritin, Juraclopus rodhendorfi Nikolajev, Mesaclopus mongolicus (Nikolajev), and Mongolrobeus zherikhini Nikolajev) belong to a distinct lineage closely related to Diphyllostomatidae. Based on these results, the subfamily Aclopinae appears monophyletic and sister to the ‘pleurostict’ lineage. Consequently, we propose the following changes to the current classification of the fossil taxa: Holcorobeus monreali (Gómez‐Pallerola) belongs to Carabidae (incertae sedis) as proposed by the original author, and we place Ceafornotensis Woolley, Cretaclopus Nikolajev, Holcorobeus Nikritin, Juraclopus Nikolajev, Mesaclopus Nikolajev, Mongolrobeus Nikolajev and Prophaenognatha Bai et al. in Scarabaeoidea (incertae sedis). Furthermore, we provide an identification key to, and diagnoses of, the genera, illustrations of diagnostic characters and checklists of their included species. The evolutionary perspective presented provides new insights into the evolution of the pleurostict condition in Scarabaeoidea and the biogeography of this group, which is now regarded as Gondwanan, probably evolving during the Cretaceous and not from the upper Jurassic as previously assumed.
LAME SCIENCE? BLIND RELIGION?
Authors: Rolston Holmes 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn Consecrating Science, Lisa Sideris argues that an anthropocentric and science‐based cosmology encourages human arrogance and diminishes a sense of wonder in human experience immersed in the natural world, as found in diverse cultural and religious traditions. I agree with her that science elevated to a commanding worldview, scientism, is a common and contemporary mistake, to be deplored, a lame science. But I further argue that science has introduced us to the marvels of deep nature and vastly increased our human appreciation of nature as a wonderland at levels great and small. Sideris is right to fear consecrating science. She—and the humanists, sages, and saviors—need also to fear blindness to what science has to teach us about cosmogenesis and wonderland Earth.
REVEREND ROBOT: AUTOMATION AND CLERGY
Authors: Young William 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDigital technology, including artificial intelligence, is having a dramatic impact on the professions of medicine, law, journalism, finance, and others. Some suggest that clergy will also be affected. We describe recent progress in designing artificially intelligent systems, suggesting that this is possible, perhaps even likely. We investigate ways in which technology currently is affecting ministry and outline some plausible scenarios in which digital systems could supplement or supplant clergy in some areas, specifically preaching and pastoral care. We also raise some theological issues raised by the use of digital systems in ministry.
JOURNEY OF THE UNIVERSE: WEAVING SCIENCE WITH THE HUMANITIES
Authors: Tucker Mary Evelyn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article discusses Journey of the Universe as a project that consists of a film, book, conversation series, online classes, and a website. It describes how the creators worked to integrate science and humanities, not privilege or elevate science. It refutes arguments made in Lisa Sideris's Consecrating Science: Wonder, Knowledge, and the Natural World that suggest that Journey overlooks religion and distorts wonder. The article observes that Journey does not dismiss religion but includes it in explicit ways. It does not dictate wonder; it evokes wonder. In short, Journey is a living or functional cosmology with implications for mutually enhancing human–Earth relations.
AUGMENTED REALITY, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AND THE RE‐ENCHANTMENT OF THE WORLD
Authors: Chaudhary Mohammad Yaqub 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere has recently been a surge of development in augmented reality (AR) technologies that has led to an ecosystem of hardware and software for AR, including tools for artists and designers to accelerate the design of AR content and experiences without requiring complex programming. AR is viewed as a key “disruptive technology” and future display technologies (such as digital eyewear) will provide seamless continuity between reality and the digitally augmented. This article will argue that the technologization of human perception and experience of reality, coupled with the development of artificial intelligence (AI)–based natural language assistants, may lead to a secular re‐enchantment of the world, in the sense outlined by Charles Taylor, where human existence is shaped through AR inhabited by advanced personal and social AI agents in the form of digital avatars and daemons, and that enchantment has been persistent throughout the formation of modernity and is being rekindled by the integration of AI in the plane of AR.
Responses of cerebral blood velocity and tissue oxygenation to low‐frequency oscillations during simulated haemorrhagic stress in humans
Authors: Anderson Garen K. , Sprick Justin D. , Park Flora S. , Rosenberg Alexander J. , Rickards Caroline A. 
Published: May 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Do low‐frequency oscillations in arterial pressure and cerebral blood velocity protect cerebral blood velocity and oxygenation during central hypovolaemia?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Low‐frequency oscillations in arterial pressure and cerebral blood velocity attenuate reductions in cerebral oxygen saturation but do not protect absolute cerebral blood velocity during central hypovolaemia. This finding indicates the potential importance of haemodynamic oscillations in maintaining cerebral oxygenation and therefore viability of tissues during challenges to cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery.

AbstractTolerance to both real and simulated haemorrhage varies between individuals. Exaggerated low‐frequency (∼0.1 Hz) oscillations in mean arterial pressure and brain blood flow [indexed via middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv)] have been associated with improved tolerance to reduced central blood volume. The mechanism for this association has not been explored. We hypothesized that inducing low‐frequency oscillations in arterial pressure and cerebral blood velocity would attenuate reductions in cerebral blood velocity and oxygenation during simulated haemorrhage. Fourteen subjects (11 men and three women) were exposed to oscillatory (0.1 and 0.05 Hz) and non‐oscillatory (0 Hz) lower‐body negative pressure profiles with an average chamber pressure of −60 mmHg (randomized and counterbalanced order). Measurements included arterial pressure and stroke volume via finger photoplethysmography, MCAv via transcranial Doppler ultrasound, and cerebral oxygenation of the frontal lobe via near‐infrared spectroscopy. Tolerance was higher during the two oscillatory profiles compared with the 0 Hz profile (0.05 Hz, P = 0.04; 0.1 Hz, P = 0.09), accompanied by attenuated reductions in stroke volume (P < 0.001) and cerebral oxygenation of the frontal lobe (P ≤ 0.02). No differences were observed between profiles for reductions in mean arterial pressure (P = 0.17) and MCAv (P = 0.30). In partial support of our hypothesis, cerebral oxygenation, but not cerebral blood velocity, was protected during the oscillatory profiles. Interestingly, more subjects tolerated the oscillatory profiles compared with the static 0 Hz profile, despite similar arterial pressure responses. These findings emphasize the potential importance of haemodynamic oscillations in maintaining perfusion and oxygenation of cerebral tissues during haemorrhagic stress.
A novel textile wastewater treatment using ligninolytic co-culture and photocatalysis with TiO2
Authors: Blanco-Vargas Andrea , Ramírez-Sierra Christian Fernando , Duarte Castañeda Marcela , Beltrán-Villarraga Milena , Medina-Córdoba Luz Karime , Florido-Cuellar Alex Enrique , Cardona-Bedoya Jairo Armando , Campos-Pinilla María Claudia , Pedroza-Rodriguez Aura Marina 
Published: May 2019

Textile industries produce effluent waste water that, if discharged, exerts a negative impact on the environment. Thus, it is necessary to design and implement novel waste water treatment solutions. A sequential treatment consisting of ligninolytic co-culture with the fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Phanerochaete crhysosporium (secondary treatment) coupled to TiO2/UV photocatalysis (tertiary treatment) was evaluated in the laboratory in order to discolor, detoxify, and reuse textile effluent waste water in subsequent textile dyeing cycles. After 48 h of secondary treatment, upto 80 % of the color in the waste water was removed and its chemical and biochemical oxygen demands (COD, and BOD5) were abated in 92 % and 76 %, respectively. Laccase and MnP activities were central to color removal and COD and BOD5 abatement, exhibiting activity values of 410 U.L-1 and 1 428 U.L-1, respectively. Subjecting waste water samples to 12h of tertiary treatment led to an 86 % color removal and 73 % and 86 % COD and BOD5 abatement, respectively. The application of a sequential treatment for 18 h improved the effectiveness of the waste water treatment, resultingin 89 % of color removal, along with 81 % and 89 % COD and BOD5 abatement, respectively. With this sequential treatment a bacterial inactivation of 55 % was observed. TiO2 films were reused continuously during two consecutive treatment cycles without thermic reactivation. Removal percentages greater than 50 % were attained. Acute toxicity tests performed with untreated waste water led to a lethality level of 100 % at 50 % in Hydra attenuata and to a growth inhibition of 54 % at 50 % in Lactuca sativa. Whereas sequentially treated waste water excreted a 13 % lethality at 6.25 % and aninhibition of 12 % at 75 % for H. attenuata and L. sativa, respectively. Finally, sequentially treated waste water was reused on dyeing experiments in which 0.86 mg.g-1 adsorbed dye per g of fabric, that is equivalent to 80 % of dye adsorption.
Marine
Authors: Sawyer John W. , Simpson Harry M. 
Published: May 2019

This is a progress report on the marine gas turbine and free-piston gas turbine during the 5-yr period, 1953–1957. Since the merchant and naval services encompass many similar operating conditions—in spite of many differing requirements—the entire marine field will be reviewed in a single paper. In the first report [18], separate papers appeared on marine, merchant, and naval applications.
Open and closed-cycle gas-turbine, nuclear gas-turbine, and free-piston gas-turbine prime movers will be discussed along the following lines: Applications, operating experience, development, advantages, disadvantages, economics, and the future potential in the marine field.
Vibrations of Vertical Pressure Vessels
Authors: Freese C. E. 
Published: May 2019

This paper is primarily concerned with the vibration of vertical pressure vessels known as columns or towers.
The procedure for estimating the period of the first mode of vibration for columns which are the same diameter and thickness for their entire length is outlined. A graph is included for this purpose which recommends limits between vessels considered to be static structures and those considered dynamic.
A method for designing vessels considered as dynamic structures is described as well as a detailed procedure for estimating the period of vibration of multithickness (stepped shell) vessels and/or vessels built to two or more diameters with conical transitions where the difference in diameter is small.
There is a brief résumé of the “Karman vortexes” effect and a discussion regarding vibration damping by liquid loading and the benefit of ladders and platforms which help reduce the effect of periodic eddy shedding.
The design procedure outlined will be useful to the practical vessel designer confronted with the task of investigating vibration possibilities in vertical pressure vessels.
Sliding Wear and Metal Transfer Under Unlubricated Conditions
Authors: Steijn R. P. 
Published: May 2019

To provide further information on dry sliding wear and the accompanying metal transfer, wear experiments of radioactive brass rings against hardened steel have been conducted in a ring tester. The effect on metal transfer of sliding speed, surface finish, material of the harder surface, and the presence of slots in the steel ring have been investigated. Tests have also been conducted in argon atmospheres to exclude oxidation.
Wear of brass on brass has been investigated by using radioactive rings against inactive rings. Results indicate a complex wear mechanism in which transfer, back transfer, and removal of transferred material are intermediate steps, and in which the determining step in wear rate is governed by the geometry of the rings rather than the apparent area of contact.
Deriaz Type Reversible Pump-Turbine Installation at Sir Adam Beck-Niagara Forebay Pumped Storage Project
Authors: Aeberli A. E. 
Published: May 2019

This paper describes the new adjustable blade, single-speed, vertical, single-runner reversible pump-turbine units recently developed and placed into service at Ontario Hydro’s forebay storage pumping-generating station at the S.A.B. Power Project on the Niagara River.
The units operate under unusual variations in head. In the pumping sequence the limits are 59 and 90 ft and in the turbine cycle from 45 to 85 ft. Tailwater depression is not required on start-up. Change-over from turbine to pumping sequence is accomplished in a matter of minutes and occurs several times each day. Data are given on the performance requirements for capacity and efficiency versus hydraulic operating conditions of head, tail water, and forebay reservoir levels. Information in the paper includes unusual features of mechanical design.