bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of China–Africa Collaborations: Opportunities and Criticisms
Authors: Chihwai Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of China–Africa collaborations. China is a growing developing Asian country that established trade organisations with Africa in both specific bilateral and multilateral relations under the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), AFRODAD, Partnership for Growth and Development (PGD), Economic & Trade Cooperation Forum, and Joint Economic and Trade Committee (JETC). This chapter aims to provide an overview of the China–Africa economic collaborations, explore the debate surrounding China–Africa relations, establish China’s contributions to Africa, and highlight Africa’s contributions to China. The methodology employed was exploring critical document review and multiple case studies. The findings of the study are that China has built massive infrastructures like roads, buildings, and railways for African countries including providing loans, and skills transfer. Furthermore, China has diverse interests in developing Africa. This study largely views Africa–China relations as progressive and mutually beneficial. Africa–China collaboration must continue in a mutually beneficial sustainable manner. The political variable should be included in the new international economic models showing how politics will affect the number of products to be traded in bilateral trade and how politics plays a role in ascertaining which products should be traded and providing reasons for such decisions, especially considering Africa–China relations. Africa should take advantage of the appetite to expand trade relations with Africa by China and the United States of America for development.
Evolution and Prospects of China–Africa Cooperation in Science, Technology and Innovation
Authors: Wang Yebo , Pan Xu , Wang Siqian , Pang Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCooperation in science and technology offers an important way in which countries can establish mutually beneficial, win–win partnerships. Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) has been a consistent and important component of China–Africa cooperation, and is playing an increasingly prominent role in South-South cooperation and the development of China–Africa relations. As China–Africa relations continue to develop, China–Africa STI cooperation has flourishing and borne fruit, providing strong impetus to both sides’ economic and social development, and there will be even more space for improvement in the future. This study is a systematic review of the progress, mechanisms and effectiveness of China–Africa STI cooperation, which summarizes its evolution into four stages and will help to improve the understanding of China–Africa STI cooperation and promote to more aspects and fields.
China–Africa Multifaceted Collaboration
Authors: Yigit Sureyya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of Chinese collaborations with Africa. These endeavours are multifaceted, with political conditionality absent in the relationship. China has become a source of international cooperation due to its strong international presence. China can play a major role as a partner in south–south cooperation even though China is not familiar with the notion of development cooperation policy as its independent policy. Whilst it pursues five strategic interests in Africa, China has made significant strides in improving education, supporting medicine and health, constructing infrastructure, and increasing humanitarian assistance.
China–Africa Collaboration in Digital Technology: Present and Future Challenges
Authors: Tang Mingfeng , Liu Xiaomeng , Muchie Mammo , Baskaran Angathevar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDigital technologies have brought fundamental changes in our work, lifestyle and behaviours. Many digital companies like Google, Facebook, Amazon, Baidu, Tencent and Ant Financial Corp. are able to create digital services or products to consumers. The increasing contribution of digital technologies to world GDP makes digital knowledge economy become a leading driver of the current world economy. However, many developing and less developing countries have not prepared well for embracing digital knowledge economy. How these countries catch up is of great importance for building common destiny community for all humanity. This chapter aims to use inclusive development theory and make case studies to explore how China collaborates with Africa in digital technologies and helps Africa to solve digital technology-based problems. We used secondary data and selected cases of digital Chinese companies like Huawei and Alibaba to analyse how these Chinese companies help Africa to develop digital infrastructure, digital education, digital commerce and digital finance. This chapter provides a new lens to understand the present status, challenges and future of China–Africa collaboration in digital technologies.
China–Africa Collaboration in the Health Sector Under the Epidemic of COVID-19
Authors: He Yizhou 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAfrica is considered one of the most vulnerable regions in terms of the response to infectious diseases, especially after the outbreak of COVID-19. However, no responsive and effective health system has been widely established in Africa, leading to public health safety being a tricky and urgent matter that needs to be solved. Under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as well as the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), the China–Africa community has a shared future in a wide range of fields, the public health is no exception being a crucial part of China–Africa collaboration. To solve the difficulties of African local people in accessing medical treatment during the pandemic, China has been providing medical assistance to promote the African region’s health systems. Although fruitful results have been achieved after China’s engagement, the effectiveness in helping Africa’s health sector needs a long way to go. This chapter tries to explore the China–Africa collaboration in the health sector through evidence-based practices. By examining China’s effectiveness in medical assistance to African countries, this study finds that though China supports Africa in the health sector, the follow-up management and operation often have been neglected. Thus, through analysis, this study is conducted to identify the potential challenges that need to be improved further and applied practicable recommendations for China–Africa collaboration in the health sector.
Public Perception of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Africa and the Impact of COVID-19: Based on a Study of Africans
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Xuanzhen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of the global health crisis, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been playing a vital role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, thus making itself better understood in African countries. This study was conducted among Africans to explore their perception and attitudes towards TCM in the context of the coronavirus, to better understand its image in the eyes of Africans. To put forward some constructive suggestions for the internationalization of TCM, we conducted a questionnaire survey and tried to understand their choices about TCM, their preference for pharmaceutical services, the promotion of TCM, and how COVID-19 changed their perception of it.
The Role of China and Western Countries in the Economic Globalization of Africa: Who is Behind the Recent Economic Renaissance of Africa?
Authors: Mulat Addis Kassahun , Balkew Rahel Belete 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study utilized a growth model and econometric panel data analysis from two categories of mineral and agricultural exporting African countries to and from China and the West using EVIEWS 7.1 software. Although both China and the West have positively contributed to African GDP growth, (a) China's FDI is more significant than OECD-FDI and the effect is stronger for the Mineral exporters. (b) the share of OECD’s exports and imports is higher than China but declining sharply. (c) OCED’s Aid has more significant effect than the Chinese for both categories. Both OECD and China are important to fasten economic growth. However, the Chinese influence is rising sharply and displacing the West. Without them, still there would be growth, but it is much slower. Therefore, African countries need to design strategies to seize the opportunities available from both China and the Western countries.
The Impact of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment on the Productivity Growth in the Ethiopian Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Muhaba Aragaw Mulu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study provides a new empirical model on the relationship between Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) and the total factor productivity growth using panel data for a subset of 24 groups of the Ethiopian manufacturing sector between 2011 and 2016. Our results suggest both positive and negative effects from Chinese and other countries’ FDI through the growth of value addition to domestic firms. Especially, the impact of Chinese investments on TFP is positive and statistically significant regardless of the considerable technology level classification. As for the other countries’ investments, the impact is negative and statistically significant. The FDI impact on TFP is transmitted to local firms through demonstration and competition effects at a moderate level. But the negative impact of other countries’ investment in TFP is in the scope of medium and high-level technology. Finally, it is concluded that the technology gap is a critical factor among the other determinants of FDI.
China–Africa S&T Relationship: Selected Cases of Learning and Technology Transfer
Authors: Patra Swapan Kumar , Muchie Mammo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is a need to undertake comprehensive, analytical, reflective, descriptive, and critical research on the China–Africa relationship in Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) by including spheres in agriculture, manufacturing and services. The fourth industrial revolution is changing the STI collaboration and competition globally. How digital STI is impacting on the China–Africa relations need to be explored and examined. STI has played a major role by applying technology transfer in industry, agriculture, economy, social, infrastructure, trading, and education spheres. Technology transfer in the history of China–Africa relations has not been systematically researched. The information is spread with the views that are not backed with suitable empirical evidence. Technology transfer from industry, government, universities, and programs on China–Africa exchanges is to be done with full evidence and not opinions with negative messages that continue to spread. The evidence-based technology transfer research must be used to generate policy learning both to China and Africa to develop mutually beneficial relationship that can serve as a model for the rest of the world. This paper provides an overview of the technology transfer question in China–Africa relations with examples of technology transfers by China to different actors in Africa with recommendation to undertake further research.
From Joint Research Project (JRP) to Joint Research Center (JRC): A 10-Years Cooperation in Efficient Utilization of Mineral Resources
Authors: Zhu Yangge , Han Long , Zhang Da , Zhang Dan , Gao Xiyu , Song Zhenguo , Liu Chongjun , Wang Guoqiang , Xiong Wei , Zhao Qingchao , Zhang Xingrong , Wang Jun , Liu Yafei , Chen Yanbin , Song Tao , Zhang Bangsheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe global mineral resource development field is facing with common problems such as increasing mining depth, declining resource quality, tightening environmental constraints, and increasing security challenges. The development and utilization technology of mineral resources is in urgent need of innovation. As leading mining countries, starting from the joint research project (JRP) to the establishment of the China–South Africa Joint Research Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Mineral Resources (JRC), China and South Africa have cooperated in depth for over 10 years and made fruitful achievements. The fields of cooperation involve mining, mineral processing, automatic control of mineral processing, comprehensive utilization of tailings, waste catalyst recovery and lithium-ion battery materials. With support of Chinese and South African governments, the two sides jointly held over 10 academic seminars, exchanged more than 20 visiting scientists, introduced 7 South African experts to work in China, and were authorized dozens of patents.
Hall-like behaviour of higher rank Chern-Simons theory of fractons
Authors: Bertolini Erica , Blasi Alberto , Maggiore Nicola , Shaikh Daniel Sacco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fracton phases of matter constitute an interesting point of contact between condensed matter and high-energy physics. The limited mobility property of fracton quasi-particles finds applications in many different contexts, including quantum information, spin liquids, elasticity, hydrodynamics, gravity and holography. In this paper we adopt a field theoretical approach to investigate the three dimensional action of a rank-2 symmetric tensor field invariant under the covariant fracton symmetry. The theory appears as a non-topological higher rank generalization of the ordinary Chern-Simons model, depending only on the traceless part of the tensor gauge field. After defining a field strength, a rank-2 traceless “electric” field and a “magnetic” vector field are identified, in analogy with the standard Chern-Simons ones. Once matter is introduced, a Hall-like behaviour with fractonic features emerges. In particular, our model shows a Hall-like dipole current, together with a vectorial “flux-attachment” relation for dipoles. This gives a possible starting point for a fracton-vortex duality. A gauge-fixing term is then introduced, from which propagators are computed and the counting of the degrees of freedom is performed. Finally, the energy-momentum tensor is shown to be conserved and the integrated energy density is proved to be zero, which reminds the topological nature of the standard Chern-Simons model.
Exact two-loop amplitudes for Higgs plus jet production with a cubic Higgs self-coupling
Authors: Haisch Ulrich , Niggetiedt Marco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We compute the corrections to the two-loop amplitudes for gg → h, gg → hg, qg → hq, and $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

→ hg due to a modified cubic Higgs self-coupling. The exact dependence on the Higgs and top-quark masses across the entire 2 → 2 phase space is determined by numerically solving a system of differential equations for the relevant master integrals. The calculated amplitudes are crucial for evaluating the impact of the considered corrections on exclusive pp → hj production at the hadronic event level. As an application, we calculate the non-universal, kinematic-dependent cubic Higgs self-coupling corrections to the Higgs-boson transverse momentum distribution in gluon-gluon fusion Higgs production for arbitrary values of the transverse momentum.
Symmetry fractionalization and duality defects in Maxwell theory
Authors: Kan Naoto , Kawabata Kohki , Wada Hiroki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We consider Maxwell theory on a non-spin manifold. Depending on the choice of statistics for line operators, there are three non-anomalous theories and one anomalous theory with different symmetry fractionalizations. We establish the gauging maps that connect the non-anomalous theories by coupling them to a discrete gauge theory. We also construct topological interfaces associated with SL(2, ℤ) duality and gauging of electric and magnetic one-form symmetries. Finally, by stacking the topological interfaces, we compose various kinds of duality defects, which lead to non-invertible symmetries of non-spin Maxwell theories.
Baby universe operators in the ETH matrix model of double-scaled SYK
Authors: Okuyama Kazumi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We consider the baby universe operator $$ {\mathcal{B}}_a $$

B
a

in the double-scaled SYK (DSSYK) model, which creates a baby universe of size a. We find that $$ {\mathcal{B}}_a $$

B
a

is written in terms of the transfer matrix T, and vice versa. In particular, the identity operator on the chord Hilbert space is expanded as a linear combination of $$ {\mathcal{B}}_a $$

B
a

, which implies that the disk partition function of DSSYK is written as a linear combination of trumpets. We also find that the thermofield double state of DSSYK is generated by a pair of baby universe operators, which corresponds to a double trumpet. This can be thought of as a concrete realization of the idea of ER=EPR.
A framework for generalizing toric inequalities for holographic entanglement entropy
Authors: Bao Ning , Furuya Keiichiro , Naskar Joydeep 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We conjecture a multi-parameter generalization of the toric inequalities of [1]. We then extend their proof methods for the generalized toric inequalities in two ways. The first extension constructs the graph corresponding to the toric inequalities and the generalized toric conjectures by tiling the Euclidean space. An entanglement wedge nesting relation then determines the geometric structure of the tiles. In the second extension, we exploit the cyclic nature of the inequalities and conjectures to construct cycle graphs. Then, the graph can be obtained using graph Cartesian products of cycle graphs. In addition, we define a set of knots on the graph by following [1]. These graphs with knots then imply the validity of their associated inequality. We study the case where the graph can be decomposed into disjoint unions of torii. Under the specific case, we explore and prove the conjectures for some ranges of parameters. We also discuss ways to explore the conjectured inequalities whose corresponding geometries are d-dimensional torii (d > 2).
Fermion masses and mixings in the supersymmetric Pati-Salam landscape from Intersecting D6-Branes
Authors: Sabir Mudassar , Mansha Adeel , Li Tianjun , Wang Zhi-Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recently, the complete landscape of three-family supersymmetric Pati-Salam models from intersecting D6-branes on a type IIA $$ {\mathbbm{T}}^6/\left({\mathbb{Z}}_2\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2\right) $$

T
6

/

ℤ
2

×

ℤ
2

orientifold has been enumerated consisting of 33 independent models with distinct gauge coupling relations at the string scale. Here, we study the phenomenology of all such models by providing the detailed particle spectra and the analysis of the possible 3-point and the 4-point Yukawa interactions in order to accommodate all standard-model fermion masses and mixings. We find that only 17 models contain viable Yukawa textures to explain quarks masses, charged-leptons’ masses, neutrino-masses, quarks’ mixings and leptons’ mixings. These viable models split into four classes, viz. a single model with 3 Higgs fields from the bulk and sixteen models with either 6, 9 or 12 Higgs from the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 sector. The models perform successively better with the increasing number of Higgs pairs. Remarkably, the class of models with 12 Higgs naturally predicts the Dirac-type neutrino masses in normal ordering consistent with both the experimental constraints as well as the bounds from the swampland program.
Trace element and isotope composition of calcite, apatite, and zircon associated with magmatic sulfide globules
Authors: Cherdantseva Maria , Fiorentini Marco L. , Fisher Christopher M. , Kemp Antony I. S. , Martin Laure A. J. , Aleshin Matvei , Roberts Malcolm P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The formation of volatile-rich phases in magmatic sulfide systems has been interpreted at least in six different ways. The most popular model attributes their origin to secondary processes, mostly due to the presence of serpentine, chlorite, phlogopite, amphibole, and calcite. While chlorite and serpentine are likely to form as alteration products, the other volatile-rich minerals have the potential to originate in a range of ways, including by primary magmatic processes. Based on mineralogical and petrological studies, it was recently suggested that volatile- and incompatible element-rich halos around sulfide globules may form due to the interaction between three immiscible liquids: silicate, carbonate, and sulfide. This hypothesis was confirmed by experimental data revealing the systematic envelopment of sulfide globules by carbonate melt, indicating their mutual affinity. In this study, we present data on isotopic signatures and trace element distributions of three minerals commonly found in spatial association with sulfides—calcite, apatite, and zircon—to address the question of the source and nature of volatiles and other incompatible elements involved in the formation of the halos. Here we compare our new hypothesis with all the previously proposed explanations to show if they can be consistent with obtained results. Our findings indicate that both mantle and crustal sources play a role in the formation of volatile- and incompatible element-rich halos, strongly correlating with sulfur isotope data previously reported for the sulfide globules in the same intrusions. This correlation confirms the shared origin of sulfides, carbonate and fluids during ore-forming processes, ruling out the secondary origin of volatile-rich phases. The isotope and trace element signatures support the newly proposed hypothesis that volatile- and incompatible element-rich halos could have been formed due to the interaction of immiscible sulfide, carbonate, and silicate melts. The volatile-rich carbonate melt could be sourced from the mantle or it could be added from the crust. Regardless of the origin, carbonate melt and sulfide liquid both immiscible with mafic magma tend to stick to each other resulting in the formation of volatile- and incompatible element-rich halos commonly documented in magmatic sulfide deposits.