bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the pulse contrast ratio on molybdenum Kα generation by ultrahigh intensity femtosecond laser solid interaction
Authors: Azamoum Y. , Tcheremiskine V. , Clady R. , Ferré A. , Charmasson L. , Utéza O. , Sentis M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present an extended experimental study of the absolute yield of Kα x-ray source (17.48 keV) produced by interaction of an ultrahigh intensity femtosecond laser with solid Mo target for temporal contrast ratios in the range of 1.7 × 107–3.3 × 109 and on three decades of intensity 1016–1019  W/cm². We demonstrate that for intensity I ≥ 2 × 1018  W/cm² Kα x-ray emission is independent of the value of contrast ratio. In addition, no saturation of the Kα photon number is measured and a value of ~2 × 1010 photons/sr/s is obtained at 10 Hz and I ~1019  W/cm². Furthermore, Kα energy conversion efficiency reaches the same high plateau equal to ~2 × 10−4 at I = 1019  W/cm² for all the studied contrast ratios. This original result suggests that relativistic J × B heating becomes dominant in these operating conditions which is supposed to be insensitive to the electron density gradient scale length L/λ. Finally, an additional experimental study performed by changing the angle of incidence of the laser beam onto the solid target highlights a clear signature of the interplay between collisionless absorption mechanisms depending on the contrast ratio and intensity.
Causes and risk factors for singleton stillbirth in Japan: Analysis of a nationwide perinatal database, 2013–2014
Authors: Haruyama Rei , Gilmour Stuart , Ota Erika , Abe Sarah K. , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Nomura Shuhei , Miyasaka Naoyuki , Shibuya Kenji 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOver 80% of perinatal mortality in Japan is due to stillbirths after 22 weeks of gestation, with one in 300 families experiencing fetal loss every year. This study aimed to assess causes and risk factors for singleton stillbirth in Japan. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology Perinatal Database from January 2013 to December 2014. A total of 379,211 births including 2,133 stillbirths were analyzed. Causes of death were classified into eight categories. A multi-level Poisson regression model was used to assess the relationship between stillbirth and key covariates. Causes of death were unknown in 25–40% of stillbirths across gestational age. Placental abnormality accounted for the largest proportion of known causes, followed by umbilical cord abnormality. Stillbirth risk was increased among small-for-gestational-age infants (adjusted relative risk [ARR]: 3.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.31–4.32) and nulliparous women (ARR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05–1.35). Maternal underweight, pregnancy-induced hypertension and oligohydramnios showed a protective effect. Our finding suggests that stillbirths occurring among women with known complications are likely already being prevented. Further reduction in stillbirths must target small-sized fetuses and nulliparous women. Improved recording of the causal pathways of stillbirths is also needed.
Fast and efficient wireless power transfer via transitionless quantum driving
Authors: Paul Koushik , Sarma Amarendra K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractShortcut to adiabaticity (STA) techniques have the potential to drive a system beyond the adiabatic limits. Here, we present a robust and efficient method for wireless power transfer (WPT) between two coils based on the so-called transitionless quantum driving (TQD) algorithm. We show that it is possible to transfer power between the coils significantly fast compared to its adiabatic counterpart. The scheme is fairly robust against the variations in the coupling strength and the coupling distance between the coils. Also, the scheme is found to be reasonably immune to intrinsic losses in the coils.
Biological Age is a predictor of mortality in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Soriano-Tárraga Carolina , Giralt-Steinhauer Eva , Mola-Caminal Marina , Ois Angel , Rodríguez-Campello Ana , Cuadrado-Godia Elisa , Fernández-Cadenas Israel , Cullell Natalia , Roquer Jaume , Jiménez-Conde Jordi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAge and stroke severity are the main mortality predictors after ischemic stroke. However, chronological age and biological age are not exactly concordant. Age-related changes in DNA methylation in multiple CpG sites across the genome can be used to estimate biological age, which is influenced by lifestyle, environmental factors, and genetic variation. We analyzed the impact of biological age on 3-month mortality in ischemic stroke. We assessed 594 patients with acute ischemic stroke in a cohort from Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) and validated the results in an independent cohort. Demographic and clinical data, including chronological age, vascular risk factors, initial stroke severity (NIHSS score), recanalization treatment, and previous modified Rankin scale were registered. Biological age was estimated with an algorithm based on DNA methylation in 71 CpGs. Biological age was predictive of 3-month mortality (p = 0.041; OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.10), independently of NIHSS score, chronological age, TOAST, vascular risk factors, and blood cell composition. Stratified by TOAST classification, biological age was associated with mortality only in large-artery atherosclerosis etiology (p = 0.004; OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25). As estimated by DNA methylation, biological age is an independent predictor of 3-month mortality in ischemic stroke regardless of chronological age, NIHSS, previous modified Rankin scale, and vascular risk factors.
Effects of Epilepsy on Language Functions: Scoping Review and Data Mining Findings
Authors: Dutta Manaswita , Murray Laura , Miller Wendy , Groves Doyle 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThis study involved a scoping review to identify possible gaps in the empirical description of language functioning in epilepsy in adults. With access to social network data, data mining was used to determine if individuals with epilepsy are expressing language-related concerns.MethodFor the scoping review, scientific databases were explored to identify pertinent articles. Findings regarding the nature of epilepsy etiologies, patient characteristics, tested language modalities, and language measures were compiled. Data mining focused on social network databases to obtain a set of relevant language-related posts.ResultsThe search yielded 66 articles. Epilepsy etiologies except temporal lobe epilepsy and older adults were underrepresented. Most studies utilized aphasia tests and primarily assessed single-word productions; few studies included healthy control groups. Data mining revealed several posts regarding epilepsy-related language problems, including word retrieval, reading, writing, verbal memory difficulties, and negative effects of epilepsy treatment on language.ConclusionOur findings underscore the need for future specification of the integrity of language in epilepsy, particularly with respect to discourse and high-level language abilities. Increased awareness of epilepsy-related language issues and understanding the patients' perspectives about their language concerns will allow researchers and speech-language pathologists to utilize appropriate assessments and improve quality of care.
Reading for Meaning: What Influences Paragraph Understanding in Aphasia?
Authors: Webster Janet , Morris Julie , Howard David , Garraffa Maria 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The current study investigated the effect of text variables including length, readability, propositional content, and type of information on the reading comprehension of people with aphasia.

Method
The performance of 75 people with aphasia was compared with 87 healthy, age-matched control participants. Reading comprehension was considered in terms of both accuracy in responding to questions tapping comprehension and reading time. Participants with aphasia (PWA) were divided into 2 groups (no reading impairment [PWA:NRI] and reading impairment [PWA:RI]) depending on whether their performance fell within the 5th percentile of control participants.

Results
As groups, both PWA:NRI and PWA:RI differed significantly from control participants in terms of reading time and comprehension accuracy. PWA:NRI and PWA:RI differed from each other in terms of accuracy but not reading time. There was no significant effect of readability or propositional density on comprehension accuracy or reading time for any of the groups. There was a significant effect of length on reading time but not on comprehension accuracy. All groups found main ideas easier than details, stated information easier than inferred, and had particular difficulty with questions that required integration of information across paragraphs (gist).

Conclusions
Both accuracy of comprehension and reading speed need to be considered when characterizing reading difficulties in people with aphasia.
Exoplanet atmospheres with GIANO
Authors: Brogi M. , Giacobbe P. , Guilluy G. , de Kok R. J. , Sozzetti A. , Mancini L. , Bonomo A. S. 
Published: March 2018

Context. High-resolution spectroscopy (R ≥ 20 000) at near-infrared wavelengths can be used to investigate the composition, structure, and circulation patterns of exoplanet atmospheres. However, up to now it has been the exclusive dominion of the biggest telescope facilities on the ground, due to the large amount of photons necessary to measure a signal in high-dispersion spectra.
Aims. Here we show that spectrographs with a novel design – in particular a large spectral range – can open exoplanet characterisation to smaller telescope facilities too. We aim to demonstrate the concept on a series of spectra of the exoplanet HD 189 733 b taken at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo with the near-infrared spectrograph GIANO during two transits of the planet.
Methods. In contrast to absorption in the Earth’s atmosphere (telluric absorption), the planet transmission spectrum shifts in radial velocity during transit due to the changing orbital motion of the planet. This allows us to remove the telluric spectrum while preserving the signal of the exoplanet. The latter is then extracted by cross-correlating the residual spectra with template models of the planet atmosphere computed through line-by-line radiative transfer calculations, and containing molecular absorption lines from water and methane.
Results. By combining the signal of many thousands of planet molecular lines, we confirm the presence of water vapour in the atmosphere of HD 189 733 b at the 5.5σ level. This signal was measured only in the first of the two observing nights. By injecting and retrieving artificial signals, we show that the non-detection on the second night is likely due to an inferior quality of the data. The measured strength of the planet transmission spectrum is fully consistent with past CRIRES observations at the VLT, excluding a strong variability in the depth of molecular absorption lines.
A Hybrid High-Order method for Kirchhoff–Love plate bending problems
Authors: Bonaldi Francesco , Di Pietro Daniele A. , Geymonat Giuseppe , Krasucki Françoise 
Published: March 2018

We present a novel Hybrid High-Order (HHO) discretization of fourth-order elliptic problems arising from the mechanical modeling of the bending behavior of Kirchhoff–Love plates, including the biharmonic equation as a particular case. The proposed HHO method supports arbitrary approximation orders on general polygonal meshes, and reproduces the key mechanical equilibrium relations locally inside each element. When polynomials of degree k ≥ 1 are used as unknowns, we prove convergence in hk+1 (with h denoting, as usual, the meshsize) in an energy-like norm. A key ingredient in the proof are novel approximation results for the energy projector on local polynomial spaces. Under biharmonic regularity assumptions, a sharp estimate in hk+3 is also derived for the L2-norm of the error on the deflection. The theoretical results are supported by numerical experiments, which additionally show the robustness of the method with respect to the choice of the stabilization.
Dosimetrie bei Anwendung von 131I bei benignen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen: DIN 6861-1
Authors: Hänscheid Heribert , Verburg Frederik 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungBei der Behandlung benigner Schilddrüsenerkrankungen mit 131I ist eine prätherapeutische Dosimetrie zur Bemessung der Therapieaktivität und eine Abschätzung der therapeutisch verabreichten Energiedosis in Deutschland gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Zur Durchführung der Dosimetrie existieren Handlungsempfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin und der European Association of Nuclear Medicine. Um Methodik und Verfahrensablauf der Dosisbestimmungen national weiter zu harmonisieren, wird aktuell die Norm DIN 6861 – 1 erstellt. Die DIN 6861 – 1 übernimmt viele Empfehlungen der Leitlinien als Forderungen und führt bei den Berechnungen zu vergleichbaren Ergebnissen. Im Detail finden sich aber auch Unterschiede, z. B. wird bei den Berechnungen die Abhängigkeit der absorbierten Energiedosis von der Größe des therapierten Volumens explizit berücksichtigt. Beim Formalismus verlässt die DIN 6861 – 1 die tradierten Schreibweisen und verwendet die international zunehmend als Standard für die Dosimetrie bei innerer Exposition akzeptierte Nomenklatur des Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine. Dem Nutzer wird durch die neue DIN-Norm zudem eine vollständige Liste der für eine nachvollziehbare Dosimetrie notwendigen Dokumentation an die Hand gegeben.
Dosimetrie beim Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Pfestroff Kathrin , Verburg Frederik , Lassmann Michael , Pfestroff Andreas , Schmidt Lothar , Luster Markus 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Radiojodtherapie mit 131I ist ein essenzieller Bestandteil der Behandlung von Patienten mit malignen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen. Die individuelle Dosimetrie ist sowohl prätherapeutisch, um die zu verabreichenden Aktivitäten zu bestimmen, als auch für die Beurteilung der absorbierten Dosen im Tumor bzw. in den Metastasen sowie in „Nicht-Zielorganen“ sinnvoll.Nationale und internationale Leitlinien empfehlen Methoden und Berechnungsverfahren, die für die Dosimetrie anwendbar sind, aber dem behandelnden Arzt bei der Interpretation der Ergebnisse und der therapeutischen Konsequenz einen Behandlungskorridor bieten. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Grundprinzipien und Methoden der Dosimetrie und zeigt, wie dosimetrische Untersuchungen in der Radiojodtherapie die Behandlung des Schilddrüsenkarzinoms beeinflussen können.
Comparison of the Revenue Situation in Interventional Radiology Based on the Example of Peripheral Artery Disease in the Case of a DRG Payment System and Various Internal Treatment Charges
Authors: Vogt Florian , Hunold Peter , Haegele Julian , Stahlberg Erik , Barkhausen Jörg , Goltz Jan 
Published: March 2018

Purpose Calculation of process-orientated costs for inpatient endovascular treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD) from an interventional radiology (IR) perspective. Comparison of revenue situations in consideration of different ways to calculate internal treatment charges (ITCs) and diagnosis-related groups (DRG) for an independent IR department.
Materials and Methods Costs (personnel, operating, material, and indirect costs) for endovascular treatment of PAD patients in an inpatient setting were calculated on a full cost basis. These costs were compared to the revenue situation for IR for five different scenarios: 1) IR receives the total DRG amount. IR receives the following DRG shares using ITCs based on InEK shares for 2) “Radiology” cost center type, 3) “OP” cost center type, 4) “Radiology” and “OP” cost center type, and 5) based on DKG-NT (scale of charges of the German Hospital Society).
Results 78 patients (mean age: 68.6 ± 11.4y) with the following DRGs were evaluated: F59A (n = 6), F59B (n = 14), F59C (n = 20) and F59 D (n = 38). The length of stay for these DRG groups was 15.8 ± 12.1, 9.4 ± 7.8, 2.8 ± 3.7 and 3.4 ± 6.5 days Material costs represented the bulk of all costs, especially if new and complex endovascular procedures were performed. Revenues for neither InEK shares nor ITCs based on DKG-NT were high enough to cover material costs. Contribution margins for the five scenarios were 1 = € 1,539.29, 2 = € –1,775.31, 3 = € –2,579.41, 4 = € –963.43, 5 = € –2,687.22 in F59A, 1 = € –792.67, 2 = € –2,685.00, 3 = € –2,600.81, 4 = € –1,618.94, 5 = € –3,060.03 in F59B, 1 = € –879.87, 2 = € –2,633.14, 3 = € –3,001.07, 4 = € –1,952.33, 5 = € –3,136.24 in F59C and 1 = € 703.65, 2 = € –106.35, 3 = € –773.86, 4 = € 205.14, 5 = € –647.22 in F59 D. InEK shares return on average € 150 – 500 more than ITCs based on the DKG-NT catalog.
Conclusion In this study positive contribution margins were seen only if IR receives the complete DRG amount. InEK shares do not cover incurred costs, with material costs representing the main part of treatment costs. Internal treatment charges based on the DKG-NT catalog provide the worst cost coverage.
Key points
Citation Format
Endoscopic ultrasound assessment of gastrointestinal polypoid lesions of indeterminate morphology in patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Sigounas Dimitrios , Shams Amanullah , Hayes Peter , Plevris John 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Polypoid lesions found during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) are occasionally found in patients with portal hypertension (PH). This study aimed to assess the true nature of such polypoid lesions using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and determine the accuracy of UGIE in differentiating between vascular and non-vascular lesions in PH.
Patients and methods We retrospectively assessed all patients with PH referred for EUS due to polypoid lesions of unknown nature at UGIE over a 7-year period. Cases of known varices were excluded. UGIE findings were compared to EUS findings.
Results 66 patients were included (26 male). Commonest UGIE findings were: possible varices (19.4 %), polypoid/neoplastic lesion (52.8 %) and submucosal lesion (16.7 %). After EUS, the final diagnoses were: varices in 25 %, polypoid lesion with underlying vessel/varix in 27.8 % and non-vascular lesion or submucosal lesion in 47.2 %. The diagnostic accuracy of UGIE was suboptimal, since 28.6 % of possible varices were eventually found to be non-vascular, while 15.8 % of polyp/neoplastic looking lesions proved to be varices and 42.1 % were lesions with underlying vessel/varix. 50 % of submucosal lesions were eventually found to be varices.
Conclusion Endoscopists should have a high index of suspicion of varices or polyps related to varices when assessing atypical looking polypoid lesions in patients with PH. In such cases EUS should be considered before obtaining biopsies.
Laryngektomie: Rekonstruktion mit dauerhaftem Speichel-Bypass-Tubus
effektiver
Authors: Kress Peter 
Published: March 2018

Piazza C et al. Fasciocutaneous free flaps for reconstruction of hypopharyngeal defects. Laryngoscope 2017;
127: 2731–2737
Pharynxdefekte nach totaler Laryngektomie und zirkumferenzieller oder partieller Pharyngektomie können
verschiedenartig rekonstruiert werden. In einer Vergleichsstudie untersuchten Ärzte des Zentrums für
Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie der Universität von Brescia verschiedene Rekonstruktionsstrategien nach totaler
Laryngektomie. Bestimmt wurden der Erfolg der Lappenrekonstruktionen, das Auftreten pharyngokutaner
Fisteln sowie die pharyngo-ösophageale Stenose-Rate.
Modeling environmentally mediated rotavirus transmission: The role of temperature and hydrologic factors
Authors: Kraay Alicia N. M. , Brouwer Andrew F. , Lin Nan , Collender Philip A. , Remais Justin V. , Eisenberg Joseph N. S. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Although rotavirus persists in water and its incidence varies with temperature, the potential role of waterborne transmission in explaining the observed seasonal pattern in low-income countries in the tropics has thus far been neglected. Our analysis suggests that water can affect incidence for larger communities that draw water from slow-moving or stagnant sources and is likely most important in cooler seasons. Water can also spread outbreaks between communities, even when environmental transmission cannot sustain outbreaks. Our model may help explain temperature–incidence associations found in prior meta-analyses in the tropics, where humidity is high year-round, and shows that the effect of temperature on risk depends on local hydrologic conditions. These findings help explain why the effect of temperature might be context specific.
Post‐activation potentiation (PAP) in endurance sports: A review
Authors: Boullosa Daniel , Del Rosso Sebastian , Behm David G. , Foster Carl 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhile there is strong support of the usefulness of post‐activation potentiation (PAP) phenomenon in power demanding sports, the role that PAP could play in endurance sports has received less attention. The aim of this review is to present evidence for a better understanding of PAP in endurance athletes; and to discuss the physiological basis and methodological aspects necessary for better practices and designing further studies. A search for relevant articles on PAP and endurance trained athletes was carried out using Medline and ISI Web of Knowledge databases. Twenty‐two studies were included in the review. The current evidence suggests the possible influence of PAP for performance enhancement after appropriate conditioning activities during warm up. Evaluation of PAP responses during testing, training and competition may be also important for athletes monitoring. There are many unresolved questions about the optimum load parameters for benefiting from PAP in both training and competition; and the role that PAP may exert for optimal performance while interacting with central and peripheral factors associated with muscle fatigue. Further studies should elucidate the association between PAP responses and long‐term adaptations in endurance athletes.
Physiological implications of preparing for a natural male bodybuilding competition
Authors: Mitchell Lachlan , Slater Gary , Hackett Daniel , Johnson Nathan , O'connor Helen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the body composition and physiological changes which take place during the in‐season and recovery periods of a group of natural bodybuilders. Natural male bodybuilders (n = 9) were assessed 16 (PRE16), 8 (PRE8), and 1 (PRE1) week(s) before, and 4 (POST4) weeks after a bodybuilding competition. Assessments included body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), serum hormones, and 7‐day weighed food and training diaries. Change in parameters was assessed using repeated‐measures analysis of variance. Dietary protein intake remained high throughout the study period (2.8–3.1 g kg−1 d−1). Fat mass (FM) was significantly reduced from PRE16 to PRE1 (8.8 ± 3.1 vs. 5.3 ± 2.4 kg, P < .01). There was a small decrease in lean mass (LM) from PRE8 to PRE1 (71.8 ± 9.1 vs. 70.9 ± 9.1 kg, P < .05). No changes in RMR were observed (P > .05). Large reductions in total and free testosterone (16.4 ± 4.4 vs. 10.1 ± 3.6 nmol L−1, P < .05; 229.3 ± 72.4 vs. 116.8 ± 76.9 pmol L−1, P < .05), and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) (27.0 ± 7.7 vs. 19.9 ± 7.6 nmol L−1, P < .05) occurred between PRE16 and PRE1. LM and IGF‐1 increased from PRE1 to POST4 (70.9 ± 9.1 vs. 72.5 ± 8.5 kg, P < .05; 19.9 ± 7.6 vs. 25.4 ± 9.3 nmol L−1, P < .05). Despite substantial reductions in FM, participants maintained almost all of their LM. The reduction in anabolic hormone concentration is likely attributable to the prolonged negative energy balance, despite a high dietary protein intake.