bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hiyama Coupling Reaction of Unstrained Ketones via C−C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Wu Wen‐Qiang , Lu Hong , Yu Tian‐Yang , Xu Wen‐Hua , Wei Hao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA RhIII‐catalyzed Hiyama cross‐coupling reaction has been successfully developed. Cleavage of the less polar C−C bond provides an efficient strategy to enable ketones to be as electrophilic reagents, and the corresponding substituted indoles with diverse functional groups are efficiently synthesized in good to high yields.
Visible‐Light‐Induced [4+2] Annulation of Thiophenes and Alkynes to Construct Benzene Rings
Authors: Song Chunlan , Dong Xin , Wang Zhongjie , Liu Kun , Chiang Chien‐Wei , Lei Aiwen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe [4+2] annulation represents an elegant and versatile synthetic protocol for the construction of benzene rings. Herein, a strategy for visible‐light induced [4+2] annulation of thiophenes and alkynes, to afford benzene rings, is presented. Under simple and mild reaction conditions, the ready availability and structural diversity of thiophenes and alkynes permit the facile synthesis of several substituted aromatic rings. Valuable drugs and amino acids are also well tolerated. Moreover, DFT calculations explain the high regioselectivity of the reaction.
Stepwise Reduction of Azapentabenzocorannulene
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Wei Zheng , Tokimaru Yuki , Ito Shingo , Nozaki Kyoko , Petrukhina Marina A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMono‐ and dianions of 2‐tert‐butyl‐3a2‐azapentabenzo[bc,ef,hi,kl,no]corannulene (1 a) were synthesized by chemical reduction with sodium and cesium metals, and crystallized as the corresponding salts in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 ether. X‐ray diffraction analysis of the sodium salt, [{Na+(18‐crown‐6)(THF)2}3{Na+(18‐crown‐6)(THF)}(1 a2−)2], revealed the presence of a naked dianion. In contrast, controlled reaction of 1 a with Cs allowed the isolation of singly and doubly reduced forms of 1 a, both forming π‐complexes with cesium ions in the solid state. In [{Cs+(18‐crown‐6)}(1 a−)]⋅THF, asymmetric binding of the Cs+ ion to the concave surface of 1 a− is observed, whereas in [{Cs+(18‐crown‐6)}2(1 a2−)], two Cs+ ions bind to both the concave and convex surfaces of the dianion. The present study provides the first successful isolation and characterization of the reduced products of heteroatom‐containing buckybowl molecules.
Ligation of Soluble but Unreactive Peptide Segments in the Chemical Synthesis of Haemophilus Influenzae DNA Ligase
Authors: Zhang Baochang , Deng Qiang , Zuo Chong , Yan Bingjia , Zuo Chao , Cao Xiu‐Xiu , Zhu Ting F. , Zheng Ji‐Shen , Liu Lei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDuring the total chemical synthesis of the water‐soluble globular Haemophilus Influenzae DNA ligase (Hin‐Lig), we observed the surprising phenomenon of a soluble peptide segment that failed to undergo native chemical ligation. Based on dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy experiments, we determined that the peptide formed soluble colloidal particles in a homogeneous solution containing 6 m guanidine hydrochloride. Conventional peptide performance‐improving strategies, such as installation of a terminal/side‐chain Arg tag or O‐acyl isopeptide, failed to enable the reaction, presumably because of their inability to disrupt the formation of soluble colloidal particles. However, a removable backbone modification strategy recently developed for the synthesis of membrane proteins did disrupt the formation of the colloids, and the desired ligation of this soluble but unreactive system was eventually accomplished. This work demonstrates that an appropriate solution dispersion state, in addition to good peptide solubility, is a prerequisite for successful peptide ligation.
Application of waste silicon rubber composite treated by N2 plasma in the flame‐retardant polypropylene
Authors: Zhang Yan , He Shili , Wu Jianing , Ma Junjie , Shao Shengdong , He Lingjie , Li Xiaonan , Fang Zhengping , Cao Hongwei , Xi Zhichao 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe waste silicon rubber composite insulator (WSiRC) was applied along with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) to improve the flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) in this study. Considering the compatibility among PP, WSiRC, and flame‐retardant additives, WSiRC was treated by acid and N2 plasma to obtain the plasma‐treated WSiRC (PLSiR), which decreases the amount of the inorganic additive and grafts amino groups onto the surface of the silicon rubber. The infrared spectrocopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirm that NH2 groups have been grafted onto the surface of PLSiR. The TGA data also show that PLSiR had the char improving ability and promote the crosslink of APP, which results in its promotion for the flame retartancy of PP proved by the data of limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL94 rating and cone tests. It is also showed that PLSiR is superior than the WSiRC treated only by acid (ASiR) due to the differences in the structure and polarity. Moreover, the improvement of PLSiR on the flame retardancy of PP is dependent on its amounts. It is indicated that the 1 wt % loading of PLSiR in PP with APP and PER has the highest LOI value of 30.9 and reached UL94 rating V‐0. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) values are also decreased by 68.7 and 15%, respectively. SEM and Raman results show the condensed mechanism is ascribed to the PP/APP‐PER/PLSiR system because the quality of char affect the flame retardancy of PP. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48187.
Climate change and the human factor: Why does not everyone realize what is happening?
Authors: Brenner Ira 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe notion of standing on “solid ground” is most reassuring. However, it is a myth, because we now know that the surface of the earth is composed of tectonic plates that float and move. Similarly, the notion that our climate is stable and fixed is also a myth. We now know that we are living in a time of great flux, and as science tell us, we have a role its fate. Psychological defenses against the affects and anxieties associated with awareness of this progressive upheaval fuel the current sociopolitical debate about “climate change.” Maladaptive attitudes, rooted in ignorance, fear, superstition, and religion, will be looked at from a developmental perspective and applied to large‐group psychology. Just as young children are incapable of realizing that their violent actions could actually hurt their mothers, many adults refuse to believe that their actions could actually hurt “Mother Earth.” In addition, the possible role of transmitted ancestral memory of earlier global catastrophe is also taken into consideration. As such, it may be an unrecognized factor that may complicate large‐group responses to this most pressing problem.
Visualization and Quantification of Digitally Dissected Muscle Fascicles in the Masticatory Muscles ofCallithrix jacchusUsing Nondestructive DiceCT
Authors: Dickinson Edwin , Basham Colin , Rana Avadh , Hartstone‐Rose Adam 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe organization and length of a muscle's fascicles imparts its contractile properties. Longer fascicles permit increased muscle excursion, whereas changes in fascicle orientation relate to the overall vector of contractile force. Collecting data on fascicle architecture has traditionally involved destructive and irreversible gross dissection. In recent years, however, new imaging modalities have permitted muscles and their fascicles to be visualized nondestructively. Here, we present data from a primate (Callithrix jacchus), in which, for the first time, individual muscle fascicles are digitally “dissected” (segmented and reconstructed) using nondestructive, high‐resolution diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (DiceCT) techniques. We also present quantitative data on the length and orientation of these fascicles within 10 muscle divisions of the jaw adductor and abductor musculature (superficial, deep, and zygomatic portions of temporalis and masseter; medial and lateral pterygoid; anterior and posterior digastric) and compare these digitally measured lengths to fascicular lengths measured using traditional gross and chemical dissection. Digitally derived fascicle lengths correspond well to their dissection‐derived counterparts. Moreover, our analyses of changes in fascicle orientation across the adductor complex enable us to visualize previously uncharacterized levels of detail and highlight significant variation between adjacent muscle layers within muscle groups (e.g., between superficial, deep, and zygomatic portions of masseter and temporalis). We conclude that this technique offers great potential to future research, particularly for questions centered around the visualization and quantification of obscured and often‐overlooked muscles such as the pterygoid and digastric muscles, and for deriving more accurate models of the masticatory system as a whole. Anat Rec, 302:1891–1900, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Monocular passive ranging of maneuvering intruder for UAS detect‐and‐avoid
Authors: Daugherty Jordan , Bai He 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe investigate a planar orbiting intruder passive ranging problem, where an ownship aircraft is moving with a constant velocity and a co‐planar intruder aircraft is conducting an orbiting maneuver. The objective is to estimate the state information of the intruder, such as range, speed and heading, using only bearing measurements of the intruder from the ownship. This is relevant to detect‐and‐avoid applications where an unmanned aerial system (UAS) is equipped with only a monocular camera sensor and needs to determine the range to the intruder. We utilize a filter bank algorithm parameterized with respect to the range, heading, and angular velocity of the intruder's initial states. In previous work, we performed investigations on the effects of parameterizing the filter bank algorithm and the system model using Monte Carlo Simulations. We extend our previous study to include a study on the effects of the ownship speed on the filter performance as well as a Cramer‐Rao lower bound comparison. Since the intruder's motion may be composed of straight legs and orbits, we integrate our filter bank algorithm into an Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) framework for two maneuver models: constant velocity and coordinated turn. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations of the IMM algorithm to study the effects of varying the IMM mixing stage frequency and the off diagonal values for the transition probability matrix. Our simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Assessment of CMIP5 multimodel mean for the historical climate of Africa
Authors: Zebaze Sinclaire , Jain Shipra , Salunke Popat , Shafiq Shayan , Mishra Saroj K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe fidelity of 28 CMIP5 models and their multimodel mean (MMM) in simulating the historical climate of Africa is assessed in this study. For the historical period of 1975–2005, the spatial distribution of the seasonal precipitation is simulated with pattern correlation coefficients (PCCs) of 0.91, 0.95, 0.94, and 0.95 for March–May (MAM), June–August (JJA), September–November (SON), and December–February (DJF) seasons, respectively, when compared with the CRU data. For the surface temperature, the PCCs are 0.96, 0.98, 0.83, and 0.97, respectively, for the four seasons mentioned in the preceding. The root mean square error (RMSE) for the precipitation are 0.86, 0.77, 0.97, and 1.05 mm day−1 for the MAM, JJA, SON, and DJF seasons, respectively, whereas for the temperature, the respective values are 1.64, 1.28, 1.68, and 1.87°C. The study also assesses the performance of the models over four sub‐regions of Africa, viz. North, South, East, and West Africa. The observational trends show large spatial heterogeneity in warming for each season. The MMM does not show the strong warming over Africa and simulate generally a weak warming over most of the region. The MMM fails to capture the sign and magnitude of the observed precipitation trends.
Synthesis, structure and density functional theory calculations of a novel photoluminescent trisarylborane–bismuth(III) complex
Authors: Amarne Hazem , Helal Wissam , Wang Suning 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA novel trisarylborane–Bi(III) complex, tris(4‐(dimesitylboryl)phenyl)bismuthine [Bi(PhBMes2)3], in which (Ph = phenyl, and Mes = mesityl), was synthesized via the reaction of bismuth (III) chloride (BiCl3) with three equivalents of lithiated (4‐bromophenyl)‐ dimesitylborane [BrPhBMes2]. The new trisarylbismuthine was characterized by elemental analysis, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy. The molecular structure of Bi(PhBMes2)3 in the solid state was determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, which showed short intermolecular C–H···H–C contact. The complex is a fluorescent emitter (λmax = 395 nm) at room temperature and a phosphorescent emitter (λmax = 423 nm) at 77 K, which displayed a long lifetime of 495 ms. The UV–vis transitions were investigated using density function theory (DFT) and time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT calculations. Natural bond orbital analysis showed that the bismuth (III) center was mainly Lewis acidic in nature.
BET inhibitor JQ1 suppresses cell proliferation via inducing autophagy and activating LKB1/AMPK in bladder cancer cells
Authors: Li Feng , Yang Chao , Zhang Hai‐Bao , Ma Jianbin , Jia Jing , Tang Xiaoshuang , Zeng Jin , Chong Tie , Wang Xinyang , He Dalin , Guo Peng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimJQ1, a BET bromodomain inhibitor, is a promising therapeutic approach for bladder cancer (BC). Our study aimed to determine whether autophagy is induced by JQ1 and its potential role toward proliferation in BC.MethodsCell proliferation was determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell counting assay, and colony formation assay. Autophagosomes and autolysosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy and mRFP‐EGFP‐LC3 fluorescence assay. 3‐MA, BAFA1, NH4Cl, and siATG5 were used to inhibit autophagy. AMPK siRNA was used to knock down AMPK. T24 xenograft model in mice was chosen to perform in vivo studies. Autophagy markers LC‐3B and p62, p‐AMPKα, p‐ACC, p‐ULK1, p‐mTOR and p‐LKB1 were determined by western blot in vitro studies and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in vivo specimens.ResultsWe found that BC cell proliferation was suppressed by JQ1; moreover, JQ1 induced the accumulation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, and autophagy flux, and the growth suppression capacity of JQ1 was attenuated by autophagy inhibitors. Furthermore, we found that JQ1 induced the phosphorylation of AMPKα, and AMPKα knockdown attenuated autophagy induction and anti‐proliferation effect induced by JQ1 in BC cells, indicating that autophagy induced by JQ1 is dependent on AMPKα. Through endogenous immunoprecipitation analysis, we found that JQ1 dramatically increased the interaction between LKB1 and AMPKα, which may lead to more AMPK activation. Proliferation inhibition, autophagy induction, and LKB1/AMPK activation capacities of JQ1 were further confirmed in vivo.ConclusionsTaken together, our results demonstrate that autophagy is induced by JQ1 through activation of LKB1/AMPK pathway, and the autophagy induced by JQ1 positively contributes to the inhibition of BC cell proliferation. These findings provide a novel point of view to understand the mechanism of how targeting BET bromodomain suppress cancer cell growth and suggest that targeting BET bromodomain might be a potential approach to treat BC in the future.
A case of robotic assisted percutaneous coronary intervention of the left main coronary artery in a patient with very late baffle stenosis after surgical correction of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
Authors: Hirai Taishi , Jacob Dany , Main Michael L. , Grantham J. Aaron 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA 34‐year‐old woman with history of surgical correction (Takeuchi procedure) of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) presented with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of 48% and severe ischemia quantified as 21% by stress Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan. A coronary angiogram revealed ostial 90% stenosis of the left main coronary artery (LMCA). A guidewire (Sion Blue, Asahi Intecc USA, Inc., Santa Ana, CA) was navigated robotically and after pre‐dilation with 3.5 × 15 mm cutting balloon, the lesion length was measured by marking the distal end of the lesion with the balloon marker and withdrawing back robotically to the ostium of the LMCA. A 3.5 × 16 mm drug‐eluting stent was deployed robotically after intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) with good results. The main advantage of robotic percutaneous coronary intervention includes the precise measurement and positioning of the stent. Since the guide catheter and balloon can be adjusted without guide catheter and device interaction, precise placement of stent is possible by advancing the device distal to the lesion, positioning the guide catheter just proximal to the proximal edge of the stent and pulling the guidecatheter and device back as a unit. Final IVUS after post‐dilation with 4.0 noncompliant and 5.0 compliant balloon revealed precise placement at the ostium and full stent expansion.
Successful surgical case of refractory chronic expanding intrapericardial hematoma treated with preoperative coil embolization of the feeding vessels
Authors: Nakae Masaro , Mizoguchi Hiroki , Yoshitatsu Masao , Toda Koichi , Sawa Yoshiki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractComplete surgical resection of chronic expanding intrapericardial hematoma was often difficult because of the severe adhesion. Preoperative coil embolization of the feeding vessels can prevent recurrent expanding of the residual hematoma and would achieve good results.
Separation of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine enantiomers using a polysaccharide‐based chiral column: A normal phase liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry approach
Authors: Karakka Kal Abdul Khader , Karatt Tajudheen K. , Sayed Ramy , Philip Moses , Meissir Samir , Nalakath Jahfar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChiral considerations are found to be very much relevant in various aspects of forensic toxicology and pharmacology. In forensics, it has become increasingly important to identify the chirality of doping agents to avoid legal arguments and challenges to the analytical findings. The scope of this study was to develop an liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) method for the enantiomeric separation of typical illicit drugs such as ephedrines (ie, 1S,2R(+)‐ephedrine and 1R,2S(−)‐ephedrine) and pseudoephedrine (ie,R,R(−)‐pseudoephedrine andS,S(+)‐pseudoephedrine) by using normal phase chiral liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry technique. Results show that the Lux i‐amylose‐1 stationary phase has very broad and balancing‐enantio‐recognition properties towards ephedrine analogues, and this immobilized chiral stationary phase may offer a powerful tool for enantio‐separation of different types of pharmaceuticals in the normal phase mode. The type of mobile phase and organic modifier used appear to have dramatic influences on separation quality. Since the developed method was able to detect and separate the enantiomers at very low levels (in pico grams), this method opens easy access for the unambiguous identification of these illicit drugs and can be used for the routine screening of the biological samples in the antidoping laboratories.
Characteristics of long‐term survivors with multiple myeloma: A National Cancer Data Base analysis
Authors: Hsieh Ronan W. , Go Ronald S. , Abeykoon Jithma P. , Kapoor Prashant , Kumar Shaji K. , Gertz Morie A. , Buadi Francis K. , Leung Nelson , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Kourelis Taxiarchis V. , Warsame Rahma M. , Dispenzieri Angela , Lacy Martha Q. , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Paludo Jonas 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThere exist insufficient data characterizing patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who experienced prolonged survival. A population‐based analysis of long‐term survivors was conducted to investigate the roles of sociodemographic factors and upfront stem cell transplantation (SCT).MethodsThe National Cancer Data Base is a US cancer database of approximately 34 million patients from >1500 cancer centers. Patients with MM were identified using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD‐O) code 9732 from January 2004 to December 2006 and were divided into 4 groups based on overall survival (OS). Sociodemographic characteristics, treatment facility, and use of SCT were recorded. The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using multiple logistic regression and Pearson chi‐square tests.ResultsA total of 26,986 patients with MM were identified. The median OS was 2.74 years. The majority of patients were male (54%), white (77%), insured (93%) and otherwise healthy (78%), lived in a metropolitan area (82%), were of high income (66%) and educational (58%) levels, and received treatment at nonacademic facilities (63%). Upfront SCT was used in 10% of patients. One in 6 patients (16%) were long‐term survivors (group 4). When comparing group 4 (OS of ≥8.22 years) with the other groups (OS of <8.22 years), young age, female sex, high income and educational levels, residence in a rural area, insured status, no comorbidity, receipt of upfront SCT, and treatment at high‐volume facilities were associated with long‐term survival.ConclusionsKey differences in sociodemographic characteristics, patient volume at treatment facilities, and upfront SCT were associated with long‐term survival. Improvements in health care access and health literacy, upfront SCT, and treatment at high‐volume facilities might prolong patient survival.
A First‐in‐Human Phase 1 Randomized Single and Multiple Ascending Dose Study of RPh201 in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Hazan Zadik , Adamsky Konstantin , Lucassen Andre , Levin Leonard A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRPh201 is a drug extracted from gum mastic that has been studied for its anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Preclinical studies of RPh201 demonstrated neuroprotective and neuroenhancing effects. Toxicology studies in animals did not reveal safety concerns or genotoxic effects. This single‐center, phase 1, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐masked study in healthy volunteers assessed the safety and tolerability of RPh201, and determined the highest tolerated dose. There were 2 parts: a single ascending dose (SAD) stage, followed by a multiple ascending dose (MAD) stage. Three dosing arms were included in each stage (5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg). Safety data in the lower dosing arms were evaluated before higher doses were initiated. Eighteen participants were randomized in the SAD stage: 12 to RPh201 (4 at each dose) and 4 to placebo. Twenty‐one participants were randomized in the MAD stage, of which 13 received RPh201. All 18 participants in the SAD stage completed treatment. Sixteen of the 21 participants in the MAD stage completed treatment. The most frequently reported adverse events were local injection site pain and erythema. No deaths or adverse events related to changes in vital signs or electrocardiograms were reported. No occurrences of suicidal behavior or ideation were reported.