bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the grain temperature distribution on the organic chemistry of protostellar envelopes
Authors: Kalvāns Juris , Freimanis Juris 
Published: December 2024

Context. Dust grains in circumstellar envelopes are likely to have a spread-out temperature distribution.
Aims. We investigate how trends in the temperature distribution between small and large grains affect the hot-corino chemistry of complex organic molecules (COMs) and warm carbon-chain chemistry (WCCC).
Methods. A multi-grain multi-layer astrochemical code with an advanced treatment of the surface chemistry was used with three grain-temperature trends: a grain temperature proportional to the grain radius to the power -1/6 (Model M-1/6), to 0 (M0), and to 1/6 (M1/6). The cases of hot-corino chemistry and WCCC were investigated for a total of six models. The essence of these changes is that the main ice reservoir (small grains) has a higher (M-1/6) or lower (M1/6) temperature than the surrounding gas.
Results. The chemistry of COMs agrees better with observations in models M-1/6 and M1/6 than in Model M0. Model M-1/6 agrees best for WCCC because earlier mass-evaporation of methane ice from small grains induces the WCCC phenomenon at lower temperatures.
Conclusions. Models considering several grain populations with different temperatures reproduce the circumstellar chemistry more precisely.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Nardiello D. , Akana Murphy J. M. , Spinelli R. , Baratella M. , Desidera S. , Nascimbeni V. , Malavolta L. , Biazzo K. , Maggio A. , Locci D. , Benatti S. , Batalha N. M. , D’Orazi V. , Borsato L. , Piotto G. , Oelkers R. J. , Mallonn M. , Sozzetti A. , Bedin L. R. , Mantovan G. , Zingales T. , Affer L. , Bignamini A. , Bonomo A. S. , Cabona L. , Collins K. A. , Damasso M. , Filomeno S. , Ghedina A. , Harutyunyan A. , Lanza A. F. , Mancini L. , Rainer M. , Scandariato G. , Schwarz R. P. , Sefako R. , Srdoc G. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Small-sized (<4 R⊕) exoplanets in tight orbits around young stars (10–1000 Myr) give us the opportunity to investigate the mechanisms that led to their formation, the evolution of their physical and orbital properties, and, in particular, their atmospheres. Thanks to the all-sky survey carried out by the TESS spacecraft, many of these exoplanets have been discovered, and have subsequently been characterized with dedicated follow-up observations.
Aims. In the context of a collaboration among the Global Architecture of Planetary Systems (GAPS) team, the TESS-Keck Survey (TKS) team, and the California Planet Search (CPS) team, we measured – with a high level of precision – the mass and the radius of TOI-1430 b, a young (~700 Myr) exoplanet with an escaping He atmosphere orbiting the K-dwarf star HD 235088 (TOI-1430).
Methods. By adopting appropriate stellar parameters, which were measured in this work, we were able to simultaneously model the signals due to strong stellar activity and the transiting planet TOI-1430 b in both photometric and spectroscopic series. This allowed us to measure both the radius and mass (and consequently the density) of the planet with high precision, and to reconstruct the evolution of its atmosphere.
Results. TOI-1430 is an active K-dwarf star born 700 ± 150 Myr ago, with a rotation period of Prot ~ 12 days. This star hosts a mini-Neptune, whose orbital period is Pb = 7.434133 ± 0.000004 days. Thanks to long-term photometric and spectroscopic monitoring of this target performed with TESS, HARPS-N, HIRES, and APF, we estimate a radius of RP,b = 1.98 ± 0.07 R⊕, a mass of MP,b = 4.2 ± 0.8 M⊕, and thus a planetary density of ρb = 0.5 ± 0.1 ρ⊕. TOI-1430 b is therefore a low-density mini-Neptune with an extended atmosphere, and is at the edge of the radius gap. Because this planet is known to have an evaporating atmosphere of He, we reconstructed its atmospheric history. Our analysis supports the scenario in which, shortly after its birth, TOI-1430 b was super-puffy, with a radius 5 × −13 × and a mass 1.5 × −2 × the values of today; in ~200 Myr from now, TOI-1430 b should lose its envelope, showing its Earth-size core. We also looked for signals from a second planet in the spectroscopic and photometric series, without detecting any.
Unpacking brand co-creation: a single-case study and empirical consolidation of brand co-creation performances following qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Brand Lars , Anderski Matthias , Ströbel Tim 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn increasing body of research adopts a performative perspective of brands, assuming that multiple actors co-create brands in interrelated brand co-creation performances (BCCP). While gaining traction in branding research, empirical work identifying BCCP is scarce (n = 3). BCCP have yet been discussed in single research contexts, evolving largely independent and leading to disparate findings. Initially, this research aims to expand existing empirical work. Using the unusually revelatory ‘over-over-the-top’ context of the sport brand FC St. Pauli, we apply semi-structured interviews, internal brand-related documents, media content analysis, and social media analysis to identify BCCP in a novel research context. Building on this single-case study and existing research on BCCP, we empirically consolidate these primary studies (n = 4) following qualitative meta-synthesis to unpack brand co-creation in various contexts. The empirical consolidation results in eight interrelated BCCP (i.e. communicating, implementing, contesting, developing, negotiating, facilitating, social listening, and assimilating), which are divided into direct brand co-creation performances (dBCCP) and enabling brand co-creation performances (eBCCP). This research contributes to branding literature by unpacking how (i.e. through which BCCP) multiple actors co-create brands. Additionally, it provides brand managers with an enhanced understanding of their brand and the influence of multiple internal and external actors.
Humanistic and diplomatic implications of international scholarship schemes in Taiwan: an analysis
Authors: Lin Warangkana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDebates on the nuanced humanistic and diplomatic motives of international scholarship schemes are gaining traction. Diplomatically, these scholarships serve as instruments of “soft power,” enabling host states to influence foreign public opinion. Humanistically, they reflect the host country’s commitment to “aid through higher education” to address global disparities. This study examines the role of higher education in this context, focusing on the impact of the International Cooperation and Development Fund (ICDF) scholarship on alumni’s career trajectories, institution transfers, network formation, social engagement, and Taiwan’s global visibility. Utilising an opinion-leader model, this retrospective research collected data from interviews with Latin American alumni in emerging leadership roles within governments or educational institutions and with faculty and executives from a prestigious university. The findings underscore the adoption of Taiwan-inspired practices by alumni in leadership positions as evidence of diplomatic influence. Graduates’ employability is linked to diplomatic ties, with their applied knowledge addressing social issues in their home countries. The study concludes that scholarships extend beyond mere soft power, serving as vehicles for knowledge diplomacy and fostering humanistic outcomes. This perspective transcends a simplistic binary view, offering a comprehensive understanding of international scholarship programmes and highlighting the intricate interplay between humanistic and diplomatic contributions.
High-performance full-etched fiber-to-chip grating couplers at 3.7-micron wavelength on silicon
Authors: Yang Guojiang , Xiang Hengtai , Li Zhicheng , Yu Laiwen , Li Yuanrong , Zhao Yuqi , Zhang Guowu , Guo Jingshu , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin 
Published: December 2024

Mid-infrared (MIR) silicon photonics have attracted great interest for potential applications in on-chip spectroscopy, free-space communication, and remote imaging. Currently, the high-performance and fabrication-friendly fiber-to-chip grating couplers operating at 3–4 μm wavelength band are still desired urgently. Here, we propose an efficient method for designing a 2D subwavelength grating coupler. The few analytical fitting parameters defining the subwavelength grating periods and fill factors in two dimensions enable a high design degree of freedom and a low search space dimension, resulting in high figure-of-merit and fast convergence simultaneously. The developed 3.7 μm grating coupler showcases record-high coupling efficiency both theoretically (−2.2 dB) and experimentally (−4.4 dB) among the 3–4 μm MIR counterparts. This study provides an effective method for designing fiber-to-chip grating couplers, by which the MIR grating couplers with high performance and fabrication ease are developed, thus paving the way for developing high-performance silicon photonic integrated circuits operating in the MIR wavelength band.
Association between adequate protein intake and quadriceps quantity and quality during rehabilitation in people with subacute stroke
Authors: Tanaka Shu , Suzuki Mizue , Kimura Yosuke , Koyama Shingo , Masuda Hiroaki , Kojima Iwao , Suzukawa Katsumi , Takasugi Kenichiro , Yamada Minoru 
Published: December 2024

Background We aimed to investigate the association between protein intake and quadriceps quantity and quality on the paretic and non-paretic sides during rehabilitation in people with subacute stroke. Method Eighty-six people with stroke were recruited from a rehabilitation ward. We measured quadriceps muscle quantity and quality on the paretic and non-paretic sides using ultrasonography at admission and after 4 weeks. Protein intake was assessed 2 or 3 weeks after admission, and participants were classified into two groups: adequate and inadequate protein intake groups. Analysis of covariance was used to determine the effects of protein intake on quadriceps muscle quantity and quality. Results The mean age (standard deviation), median interval between stroke onset and admission (interquartile range) and male proportion of the study participants were 67.6 (13.5) years, 22.5 (16.8–31.3) days, and 54.7%, respectively. The adequate protein intake group showed significantly greater improvements in paretic-side quadriceps thickness than the inadequate group (group-by-time interaction, F = 8.771, P = 0.004). In contrast, no significant interactions were observed in quadriceps thickness on the non-paretic side (F = 2.383, P = 0.127) and quadriceps echo intensity on both sides (paretic-side: F = 0.020, P = 0.887, non-paretic side: F = 0.181, P = 0.672). Conclusions Adequate protein intake may be useful for improving quadriceps quantity on the paretic side in people with subacute stroke undergoing rehabilitation. However, quadriceps quantity on the non-paretic side and quadriceps quality on both sides were not significantly associated with adequate protein intake.
Liouville theory on a horizon: point particle/scalar field duality and Page-like curve
Authors: Roux J-B 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We show that the consequences of a recent paper on quantum gravity are (1) a duality between point particles and massive scalar propagators, (2) the recovery of the entropy of a boundary (a black hole) in the same form as that of the EFT approach to quantum gravity and (3) a quantum correction to Hawking radiations and a Page-like curve. In this recent paper, information about what lies inside a boundary is encoded onto it, meaning that in this approach the information directly leaks from the horizon to the bulk in the form of Hawking radiations.
Recent advances in machine learning and deep learning-enabled studies on transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Bhawsar Shivani , Yang Eui-Hyeok 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) techniques have significantly advanced the understanding and utilization of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) by enabling efficient analysis, prediction, and optimization of their properties. ML/DL methods permit rapid screening, optimization and analysis of two-dimensional (2D) material candidates, potentially accelerating the discovery and development of TMDs with desired electronic, optoelectronic, and energy storage properties. This review provides a comprehensive review of ML/DL methods to enhance 2D materials research via the optimization of synthesis conditions, interpretation of complex data sets, and the use of generative adversarial networks and variational autoencoders for innovative material design and image processing tasks. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of ML/DL techniques in predicting and tailoring the electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of 2D materials to meet specific application requirements.
Study on the reproduction method of miniature Ga fixed points for shipborne thermometer calibration
Authors: Liu Junru , Wang Guangyao , Pan Jiang , Sun Jianping , Li Ting , Wei Chuanjie , Feng Weiwei , Sun Liquan , Wu Ziang , Niu Xingjun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The onsite calibration precision of the ocean thermometer can be efficiently raised by temperature scale transfer technology based on miniature fixed points. A new reproduction method of miniature Ga fixed points was studied for the sub-millikelvin precision measurement requirement. The onsite calibration system consists of a miniature Ga fixed point and a shipborne calibration device. The performance of miniature Ga fixed point is highly dependent on placement methods and the value-taking methods of phase transition temperature. This paper analyzed and compared the melting plateau of a miniature Ga fixed point with two placement methods and three value-taking methods of phase transition temperatures. The experimental results showed that utilizing horizontal placement and the average value method can achieve fixed point reproducibility within 1 mK. The performance of the miniature Ga fixed point was verified using the SBE 3plus thermometer from the SBE 911plus CTD system, with a thermometer accuracy of ±1 mK. The difference between the measured value by SBE 3plus and the Ga melting plateau value was within 0.5 mK. Thus, the study of the miniature Ga fixed point offers effective technical support for the onsite calibration of ocean thermometer.
Influence of radio-frequency magnetron sputtering power on electrical characteristics and positive bias stress stability of indium tin zinc oxide thin-film transistors
Authors: Chen Feilian , Wan Yunhao , Balasubramanian Paramasivam , Zhang Meng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As the pursuit of high-quality display panels intensifies, the importance of high-performance thin-film transistors (TFTs) becomes increasingly prominent. Indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO) TFTs, as one of the promising directions for high-performance metal oxide TFTs, impose high demands on their performance and reliability. In this study, the performance and stability of ITZO TFTs fabricated under different radio-frequency magnetron sputtering power conditions were systematically tested and investigated. After sputtering power optimization, the field effect mobility of ITZO TFTs reaches 29.68 cm2V–1.s, with a steep sub-threshold swing of 0.17 V/decade, near-zero threshold voltage, and good stability. Using atomic force microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization techniques, the thin films were analyzed to elucidate the relationship between sputtering power variations and oxygen vacancies.
Layered thermal effects dynamic characteristics modeling and application in piezoelectric stack actuator
Authors: Wu Xiao , Wang Xingjian , Wang Shaoping , Fan Siming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Piezoelectric actuators (PA) play an important role in high-frequency actuation scenarios in which their dynamic performance is directly affected by the heat generated by the action and its load changes. This study establishes a layered thermal dynamic model to describe the dynamic behavior of a PA applied to a designed high-frequency valve. First, a dynamic model of a single piezoelectric sheet was established using the generalized Hamilton’s principle, taking into account the thermal piezoelectric coupling effect. Second, a thermal dynamic model considering the boundary condition of the stakes was built by constructing a series quality elasticity model. Because the interaction between stacks affects the dynamic performance of the PA under high-frequency conditions, this study establishes a comprehensive dynamic model of the PA by integrating the piezoelectric layers and external loads. Finally, an experimental test rig is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model under real operating conditions. The results indicate that the proposed model more accurately describes the dynamic performance of the PA under high-frequency actuation and thermal change, and showcases the intricate connections between the various components within the actuator system.
A comparative analysis of relativistic particle pushers vis-à-vis computation time & accuracy
Authors: Yasir Mohammad , Saxena Vikrant 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The performance of relativistic particle pushers has long been a topic of interest in the field of computational plasma physics, particularly from the point of view of the particle-in-cell approach. Previous works undertaken to compare such integrators have predominantly targeted the ultra-relativistic regime. In this paper, we utilize a custom-built code to study the core run-times of the Boris, the Vay, and the Higuera-Cary particle pushers for low-, high-, and ultra-relativistic particles. This is followed by a comparison of the three integrators in terms of accuracy and error. A fitness parameter is then proposed that can serve as a one-stop value to determine which method is more suitable for a particular simulation setup. It is hoped that through knowledge of such intricacies, the choice for the integrator will be easier to make depending on the problem at hand.
Modeling memory function of entangled photon and classical laser photon-count fluctuations using white noise integral analysis
Authors: Tey Lian Seng , Muniandy S V , Chong Wu Yi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates photon-count fluctuation dynamics of two light sources, namely a spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) light source and a 780 nm attenuated laser diode (LD). White noise integral with customizable memory function is used to model the mean square displacements (MSDs) and the probability density functions (PDFs) for both light sources. This approach overcomes the limitation of monofractal scaling of fractional Brownian motion (fBm) model characterized by a single Hurst exponent. The memory function used has an exponential-tempered power-law relation, parametrized by μ and β, where β modulates the extent of memory parameter μ. Although optical losses and detector inefficiencies degrade photon statistics to Poissonian at post-detection, our findings reveal notable memory effects at higher mean photon counts, especially in the SPDC source with memory parameter μ ⪆ 1.00, compared to the classical LD, which remained relatively constant at μ ⪅ 1.00. Both light sources shared similar correction parameters β, which indicates they have identical photon-count fluctuations at short time but diverge significantly at longer time. This work highlights the need for models beyond fBm, capable of capturing complex MSD behaviors of photon-count fluctuations.
Verification of uranium composite materials using active interrogation techniques for safeguards purposes
Authors: Tohamy M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This work is intended to verify a combination of a passive non-destructive technique and active neutron interrogation technique to characterize isotopic mass determination, uranium content, and possible enrichment. The interrogated samples were natural uranium (NU), low-enriched uranium (LEU), and depleted uranium (DU) all in the form of uranium dioxide. The emitted photon spectra under both techniques were obtained using a high-efficiency HPGe detector. Improved detector efficiency was obtained using the neural network (NN) method based on the intrinsic calibration data. The obtained enrichment results of passive measurements showed good agreement with certified samples to within 1.12% in the case of LEU, 1.03% in the case of NU, and 1.04% in the case of DU. Active interrogation of the samples was done using the neutron spectrum of a 5 Ci 241Am-Be neutron source. Seven short-lived fission products (FPs) (101Tc, 97Nb, 105Ru, 92Y, 91Sr, 92Sr, and 88Kr) were chosen as indicators to provide a complete characterization of isotopic mass determination, uranium content, and enrichment. Isotopic masses of the samples were calculated using thermal and fast interrogations. A comparison of the obtained results of 238U mass was found to agree within 0.2% with certified value based on fast interrogation, and within 0.3% of 235U mass based on thermal interrogation.
Design of spin-orbit controlled plasmonic circuits for selectively transporting photons
Authors: Cai Zimeng , Wu Jing , Zhang Yuhong , Wu Yongfeng , Li Jinhua , Ma Yuan , Ma Youqiao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The manipulation of spin-related photons is crucial for developing next-generation integrated circuits. However, the spin-orbit interaction of light is typically very weak at nanoscale due to the diffraction limit. Here, a dielectric-loaded plasmonic nanocircuit is proposed, utilizing a chiral cylindrical structure, to directionally couple and guide plasmonic waves through dual-branch waveguides. Optimized results reveal that the waveguide modes excited by circularly polarized light with different spin states can be selectively coupled to one of the two targeted branch waveguides, with a calculated unidirectional coupling efficiency as high as 0.95. The proposed structure could provide avenues for realizing on-chip integrated nanocircuits and developing advanced multifunctional nanocircuits with enhanced degrees of freedom.