bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NHEJ Contributes to the Fast Repair of Radiation-induced DNA Double-strand Breaks at Late Prophase I Telomeres
Authors: Ahmed Emad A. , Rosemann Michael , Scherthan Harry 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Exposure of cells to ionizing radiation induces DNA double-strand breaks. To repair double-strand breaks correctly, cells must distinguish between the ends of chromosomes (telomeres) and DNA double-strand breaks within chromosomes. Double-strand breaks in telomeric DNA may lead to telomere shortening and mutagenesis. Eukaryotic cells repair double-strand breaks primarily by two mechanisms: error-free homologous recombination and error-prone nonhomologous end joining, of which homologous recombination is used in early meiotic prophase I to create recombined haploid gametes by two meiotic cell divisions lacking an intervening S-phase. Genotoxic exposures put meiosis at risk to transmit mutations, and ionizing radiation is known to induce large double-strand break-marking phospho (gamma)-H2AX foci along the cores and ends of mouse meiotic chromosomes. However, it remained unclear through which repair pathway the ionizing radiation-induced telomeric double-strand breaks are repaired in late prophase I spermatocytes. Using male wild-type and nonhomologous end joining-deficient (severe combined immunodeficient) mice, this study investigated the kinetics of in vivo double-strand break formation and repair at telomeres of late prophase I chromosomes up to 12 h after 0.5 Gy of whole-body gamma irradiation. Late pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes revealed overlapping gamma-H2AX and telomere repeat signal foci, indicating telomeric DNA damage. The comparison of double-strand break repair rates at telomeres and internal prophase chromosome sites revealed a more rapid double-strand break repair at wild-type telomeres during the first hour after irradiation. Increased double-strand break foci numbers at nonhomologous end joining-deficient telomeres and chromosomes and a slowed repair rate in this DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit mutant suggest that the fast repair of double-strand breaks in telomeric DNA repeats during late prophase I is largely mediated by canonical nonhomologous end joining.
Deployment of the DosiKit System Under Operational Conditions: Experience From a French Defense National Nuclear Exercise
Authors: Entine F. , Bensimon Etzol J. , Bettencourt C. , Dondey M. , Michel X. , Gagna G. , Gellie G. , Corre Y. , Ugolin N. , Chevillard S. , Amabile J.-C. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Estimation of the dose received by accidentally irradiated victims is based on a tripod: clinical, biological, and physical dosimetry. The DosiKit system is an operational and mobile biodosimetry device allowing the measurement of external irradiation directly on the site of a radiological accident. This tool is based on capillary blood sample and hair follicle collection. The aim is to obtain a whole-body and local-surface dose assessment. This paper is about the technical evaluation of the DosiKit; the analytical process and scientific validation are briefly described. The Toulon exercise scenario was based on a major accident involving the reactor of a nuclear attack submarine. The design of the scenario made it impossible for several players (firefighters, medical team) to leave the area for a long time, and they were potentially exposed to high dose rates. The DosiKit system was fully integrated into a deployable radiological emergency laboratory, and the response to operational needs was very satisfactory.
Liquid Biopsy Using Whole Blood from Testis Tumor and Colon Cancer Patients—A New and Simple Way?
Authors: Majewski Matthäus , Nestler Tim , Kägler Sebastian , Richardsen Ines , Ruf Christian G. , Matthies Cord , Willms Arnulf , Schmelz Hans-Ulrich , Wagner Walter , Schwab Robert , Abend Michael 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Tumor cells shed exosomes, which are released to the blood. Detecting tumor-derived exosomes containing RNA in plasma (liquid biopsy) is currently being investigated for early identification of occult metastases or relapses. Isolation of exosomes is laborious, resulting in low RNA yields. As a more robust (but less sensitive) alternative, the authors examined whether whole blood can be used as well. Tumor samples from nonmetastasized seminoma (n = 5) and colon cancer patients (n = 6) were taken during surgery. Whole-blood samples were taken before and 5–7 d after surgery. A whole genome mRNA microarray screening was performed. Candidate genes were selected based on two criteria: (1) gene expression in the presurgical whole-blood sample/tumor biopsy; and (2) a two-fold decrease in the copy number of candidate genes was expected in the postsurgical whole-blood sample 5–7 d after intervention, relative to the presurgical blood sample. The rationale behind this is the loss of tumor material in the body and the decline in the release of tumor-derived RNA in exosomes. For both tumor entities and for each patient, several hundred candidate genes could be identified. In a group-wise comparison, 20 candidate genes could be identified in the seminoma and 32 in the colon cancer group. These findings indicate that whole blood might be suitable for a liquid biopsy. However, this study identified the short period after surgery (5–7 d) as a possible confounder. The authors plan to add an additional time point several weeks after the operation to discriminate tumor candidate genes from genes induced by the surgery.
Developments in Biodosimetry Methods for Triage With a Focus on X-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance In Vivo Fingernail Dosimetry
Authors: Swarts Steven G. , Sidabras Jason W. , Grinberg Oleg , Tipikin Dmitriy S. , Kmiec Maciej M. , Petryakov Sergey V. , Schreiber Wilson , Wood Victoria A. , Williams Benjamin B. , Flood Ann Barry , Swartz Harold M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Instrumentation and application methodologies for rapidly and accurately estimating individual ionizing radiation dose are needed for on-site triage in a radiological/nuclear event. One such methodology is an in vivo X-band, electron paramagnetic resonance, physically based dosimetry method to directly measure the radiation-induced signal in fingernails. The primary components under development are key instrument features, such as resonators with unique geometries that allow for large sampling volumes but limit radiation-induced signal measurements to the nail plate, and methodological approaches for addressing interfering signals in the nail and for calibrating dose from radiation-induced signal measurements. One resonator development highlighted here is a surface resonator array designed to reduce signal detection losses due to the soft tissues underlying the nail plate. Several surface resonator array geometries, along with ergonomic features to stabilize fingernail placement, have been tested in tissue-equivalent nail models and in vivo nail measurements of healthy volunteers using simulated radiation-induced signals in their fingernails. These studies demonstrated radiation-induced signal detection sensitivities and quantitation limits approaching the clinically relevant range of ≤ 10 Gy. Studies of the capabilities of the current instrument suggest that a reduction in the variability in radiation-induced signal measurements can be obtained with refinements to the surface resonator array and ergonomic features of the human interface to the instrument. Additional studies are required before the quantitative limits of the assay can be determined for triage decisions in a field application of dosimetry. These include expanded in vivo nail studies and associated ex vivo nail studies to provide informed approaches to accommodate for a potential interfering native signal in the nails when calculating the radiation-induced signal from the nail plate spectral measurements and to provide a method for calibrating dose estimates from the radiation-induced signal measurements based on quantifying experiments in patients undergoing total-body irradiation or total-skin electron therapy.
Clinical Performance of a New Bitangential Mini-scleral Lens
Authors: Otten Henny M. , van der Linden Bart J. J. J. , Visser Esther-Simone 
Published: May 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
New bitangential mini-scleral lens designs provide a highly precise fit, follow the scleral shape, are comfortable to wear, and can correct residual astigmatism. This new scleral lens design complements the arsenal of medical contact lenses available to eye care practitioners.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the subjective and objective performance of a new mini-scleral lens design with a bitangential periphery.

METHODS
In this observational study, data were collected for up to 15 months (median, 84 days; interquartile range, 76 days) from the left eyes of 133 patients fitted with this newly designed lens. Data were recorded during regular visits at Visser Contact Lens Practice's scleral lens clinics: diagnosis, clinical indication for scleral lenses, previous contact lens type, subjective performance, horizontal visible iris diameter, corrected distance visual acuity, and scleral lens fitting characteristics.

RESULTS
The most common indication was keratoconus (45%), followed by irregular astigmatism (22%), keratoplasty (16.5%), ocular surface disease (13.5%), and other forms of irregular astigmatism (3%). The majority of patients (79%) scored comfort as either a 4 or 5 (out of 5), and 82% wore their lenses 12 hours or longer a day. Most lenses (81%) had a diameter of 16 mm (median, 16 mm; range, 15.5 to 17 mm) and were composed of Boston XO2 (46%), Menicon Z (44%), Boston XO (9%), or Boston Equalens II (1%). The median corrected distance visual acuity was 0.022 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (interquartile range, 0.155). The fitting characteristics revealed optimal values for centration and movement in 91% and 83%, respectively. Finally, the median stabilization axis was 50 degrees.

CONCLUSIONS
New mini-scleral lenses with bitangential peripheral geometry yield satisfactory clinical results and good subjective performance and are therefore an effective option for managing patients who have irregular astigmatism or other corneal pathology.
Closing Knowledge Gaps to Optimize Patient Outcomes and Advance Precision Medicine
Authors: Giusti Kathy , Young Anne Quinn , Lehrhaupt Kerri 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Realizing the promise of precision medicine requires patient engagement at the key decision points throughout the cancer journey. Previous research has shown that patients who make the “right” decisions, such as being treated at a high-volume academic medical center, for example, have better outcomes. An online survey was conducted to understand awareness of and barriers to these decision points among patients with multiple myeloma and pancreatic, lung, prostate, and metastatic breast cancers. Survey respondents were identified by 5 participating foundations (multiple myeloma: n = 86, pancreatic: n = 108, lung: n = 56, prostate: n = 50, metastatic breast: n = 86) and recruited by an e-mail or social media invitation. Descriptive analyses were calculated, and the proportion of patients from each of the 5 groups was compared for each response category for each survey item. Consistent gaps in knowledge and actions were identified across all cancers evaluated in terms of finding the right doctors/team at the right center; getting the right diagnostic testing done before beginning treatment; engaging in the right course of treatment, including clinical trials; and in sharing data. Improving awareness of and changing behavior around these 4 decision points will allow patients to receive better care and contribute to the advancement of precision medicine.
Real-Time Ultrasound–Assisted Gluteal Fat Grafting
Authors: Cansancao Alvaro Luiz , Condé-Green Alexandra , Vidigal Rafael A. , Rodriguez Ricardo Luis , D’Amico Richard A. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
The number of gluteal fat augmentation procedures has increased recently and so has the number of complications. Because of the increased risk of morbidity and mortality when fat is injected intramuscularly, not knowing where fat is injected is concerning. We sought to identify the planes in which fat is injected during the procedure.

Methods:
We selected 15 consecutive female patients who desired gluteal fat augmentation. All patients had epidural anesthesia and the gluteal region was infiltrated with a vasoconstrictive solution. With the patient in prone position, an ultrasound probe placed on the buttocks was used to identify the fascial layers. While decanted fat was being injected with a blunt cannula, the images were projected wirelessly to a screen, so that the surgeon and assistant could follow the planes in which the cannula was being introduced and the fat injected.

Results:
The mean volume of harvested fat was 3533 ml and the mean volume of fat injected per gluteal region was 528 ml. The evaluation of the depth and location of the cannula was performed in real time with the ultrasound, accurately and reliably identifying the planes of fat injection. All injections were subcutaneous. The downsides of this technique were the purchase cost of the ultrasound device, increased surgical time, the need for an assistant to follow the cannula and the probe constantly, and the learning curve.

Conclusion:
Real–time ultrasound–assisted gluteal fat grafting is reliable and may avoid injuring the deep vessels, further decreasing the risks of major complications.
Cortical Thickness Alterations in Chronic Pain Disorder: An Exploratory MRI Study
Authors: Magon Stefano , Sprenger Till , Otti Alexander , Papadopoulou Athina , Gündel Harald , Noll-Hussong Michael 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective
Chronic pain disorder (CPD) has been associated with brain changes, especially in limbic circuits. However, in most patients with chronic pain, depression or anxiety is a common comorbidity. In this exploratory and naturalistic study, we investigated brain cortical thickness (CTh) differences between patients with CPD and healthy controls, with consideration of concurrent psychiatric symptoms.

Methods
Twenty-three patients with CPD and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included in this study. CTh was estimated using Freesurfer on high-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted images acquired with a 3T scanner. Group differences were investigated using an analysis of covariance model that included age, sex, and Beck Depression Inventory I and Trait Anxiety Inventory scores as covariates. The relationship between CTh and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) scores was also investigated in patients. Data were corrected for multiplicity using the False Discovery Rate approach (q < .05).

Results
The comparison between groups using demographics and Beck Depression Inventory I scores as covariates showed thinner cortex in patients compared with controls, after correction for multiplicity in the left precentral (F(1,42) = 21.9, p < .05) and postcentral gyri (F(1,42) = 26.9, p < .05) and in the left inferior temporal sulcus (F(1,42) = 19.6, p < .05). Moreover, using the Trait Anxiety Inventory as covariate, a trend toward significance (p < .001 uncorrected) was seen for the left precentral gyrus (F(1,42) = 13.8), right middle frontal (F(1,42) = 14.3) and inferior parietal gyri (F(1,42) = 13.4), and right anterior temporal pole (F(1,42) = 15.9).

Conclusions
The results indicate that brain morphological differences between patients with chronic pain disorder and healthy controls are localized to regions that correspond to sensory as well as affective dimensions of pain processing.
“Barbell Sign”: A Diagnostic Imaging Finding in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Bezuidenhout A. Fourie , Andronikou Savvas , Ackermann Christelle , Du Plessis Anne-Marie , Basson Derik , Bhadelia Rafeeque A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The recently proposed diagnostic algorithm for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy underscores the importance of imaging and emphasizes the role of the radiologist in the diagnostic workup. We describe a case series of patients with visual symptoms and a typical pattern of brain involvement in definite progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, for which we have coined the term barbell sign.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Breast Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Tang Wei , Gu Yajia , Xu Midie , Yang Wentao , Peng Weijun 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of pure breast encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC).Materials and MethodsTen patients with histopathologically confirmed breast pure EPC were reviewed. Two radiologists evaluated lesion MRI characteristics.ResultsThe EPC presented oval or round mass with circumscribed margin on MRI. In addition, 4 cases exhibited a cystic-solid mixed mass with mural nodules, and 4 cases exhibited a liquid level that indicated the possibility of hemorrhage.ConclusionsA well-defined cystic-solid mixed mass with mural nodules, or a circumscribed mass exhibiting the possibility of hemorrhage, may suggest the diagnosis of EPC.
Lithium batteries: A technological advance with unintended injury consequences
Authors: Palmieri Tina L. , Yelon Jay , Shapiro David , Duncan Thomas , Kuhls Deborah 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have been powering portable electronic equipment since the mid-1990s. Today, they are ubiquitous in portable electronics, with more than four billion manufactured each year. However, Li-ion batteries are also associated with a spectrum of injuries related to the type of device as well as the person using the device. These injuries range from cutaneous injuries due to flame burns and explosions to corrosion injuries from ingestion. This article describes how the composition of Li-ion batteries can cause injury, the types and extent of Li-ion battery–related injuries, and suggests strategies for prevention.
A concomitant bone fracture delays cognitive recovery from traumatic brain injury
Authors: Suto Yujin , Nagata Katsuhiro , Ahmed Syed M. , Jacovides Christina , Browne Kevin D. , Cognetti John , Weber Maura T. , Johnson Victoria E. , Leone Ryan , Kaplan Lewis J. , Smith Douglas H. , Pascual Jose L. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDBrain injury progression after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with worsening cerebral inflammation but it is unknown how a concomitant bone fracture (BF) affects this progression. Enoxaparin (ENX) decreases penumbral leukocyte mobilization after TBI and improves neurologic recovery. We hypothesized that a concomitant BF worsens learning/memory recovery weeks after TBI and that ENX improves this recovery.METHODSCD1 male mice underwent controlled cortical impact or sham craniotomy with or without tibial fracture, receiving either daily ENX (0.8 mg/kg) or saline for 14 days after injury. Randomization defined four groups (Sham, TBI only, TBI + Fx, TBI + Fx + ENX, n = 5/each). Body weight loss and neurologic recovery (Garcia Neurologic Test, max score = 18) were assessed each day. Mouse learning (swimming time [s] and total distance [m] to reach the submerged platform Days 14 to 17 after TBI) and memory (swimming time [s] in platform quadrant after platform removed [probe]) was assessed by the Morris water maze. Ly-6G (cerebral neutrophil sequestration) and glial fibrillary acidic protein were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in brain tissue post mortem. Analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test determined significance (p< 0.05).RESULTSA concurrent BF worsened Garcia Neurologic Test scores post-TBI Days 2 to 4 (p< 0.01) as compared with TBI only, and ENX reversed this worsening on Day 4 (p< 0.01). Learning was significantly slower (greater swimming time and distance) in TBI + Fx versus TBI only on Day 17 (p< 0.01). This was despite similar swimming velocities in both groups, indicating intact extremity motor function. Memory was similar in isolated TBI and Sham which was significantly better than in TBI + Fx animals (p< 0.05). Glial fibrillary acidic protein–positive cells in penumbral cortex were most prevalent in TBI + Fx animals, significantly greater than in Sham (p< 0.05).CONCLUSIONA long BF accompanying TBI worsens early neurologic recovery and subsequent learning/memory. Enoxaparin may partially counter this and improve neurologic recovery.
Timing of surgery and the risk of complications in patients with acute appendicitis: A population-level case-crossover study
Authors: Patel Sunil V. , Groome Patti A. , J. Merchant Shaila , Lajkosz Katherine , Nanji Sulaiman , Brogly Susan B. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND
Delays in surgery for patients with acute appendicitis may increase the risk of perforation and complications. These risks must be balanced with the theoretical risk of nighttime operations.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of (i) time of day of surgery and (ii) time between triage presentation and surgery, on surgical complications in patient undergoing appendectomy for appendicitis.

METHODS
Population level data from Ontario from 2009 to 2015 was used to conduct this retrospective cohort study. The primary exposure was (i) time of day of surgery and (ii) time between triage and surgery. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of perioperative complications. Conditional logistic regression adjusted for patient factors was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) between the exposure and complications.

RESULTS
Twelve thousand nine hundred thirty-seven matched pairs (N = 25,874) of adult patients were included. Compared to day operations, the odds of complications were lower during the evening (OR, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84–0.96) and no different at night (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.77–1.04). The odds of complications were higher in patients who waited longer than 24 hours for surgery compared with those who waited less than 6 hours (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14–1.43) with no increased risk in those who waited 6 hours to 12 hours or 12 hours to 24 hours.

CONCLUSION
This large population study is the first to assess surgical risks using a case-crossover design to account for the surgeon as a potential confounder. Nighttime surgery and delaying surgery up to 24 hours were not associated increased risks of complications.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, level III.