bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submarine Groundwater Discharge‐Derived Carbon Fluxes in Mangroves: An Important Component of Blue Carbon Budgets?
Authors: Chen Xiaogang , Zhang Fenfen , Lao Yanling , Wang Xilong , Du Jinzhou , Santos Isaac R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMangroves are blue carbon systems characterized by high soil carbon storage and sequestration. Soil carbon losses via groundwater or pore water pathways are potentially important yet poorly understood components of mangrove carbon budgets. Here we quantified submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and associated dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and organic carbon (DOC) fluxes into a mangrove‐dominated tropical bay (Maowei Sea) using a radon (222Rn) mass balance model. The SGD fluxes in Maowei Sea were estimated to be 4.9 × 107 (0.36 ± 0.33 m/day) and 2.6 × 107 m3/day (0.20 ± 0.18 m/day) for the wet and dry seasons, respectively, implying that SGD may respond to precipitation. The SGD‐derived DIC and DOC fluxes (mol·m−2·day−1) in the wet season (DIC: 0.70 ± 0.82; DOC: 0.31 ± 0.30) were higher than those in the dry season (DIC: 0.25 ± 0.24; DOC: 0.25 ± 0.23). These SGD‐derived carbon fluxes exceed local river inputs and constituted >70% of the total DIC and DOC input into the bay. If scaled up to the global weighted mangrove area in combination with data from other 32 study sites, carbon fluxes via SGD into mangroves may be equivalent to 29–48% of the global riverine input into the ocean. Therefore, we suggest that SGD is a major component of coastal carbon budgets and that accounting for SGD helps to reduce uncertainties in mangrove blue carbon budgets.
Size‐Resolved Dry Deposition Velocities of Dust Particles: In Situ Measurements and Parameterizations Testing
Authors: Bergametti G. , Marticorena B. , Rajot J. L. , Foret G. , Alfaro S. C. , Laurent B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBulk and size‐resolved particle concentrations were measured at 2.1 and 6.5 m above the soil surface during an intense dust deposition event that occurred in June 2006 in Niger. Bulk concentration measurements were performed using two tapered element oscillating microbalance instruments, and the size‐resolved particle concentrations (from 0.3 to 20 μm) using two optical particle counters. The deposition fluxes derived from the bulk concentrations and those derived from the size‐resolved ones are in very good agreement. The largest deposition fluxes are recorded when the dust concentrations are maximal. The temporal evolution of the dust deposition flux follows that of the dust concentration. This is not the case of the dry deposition velocities that are most of the time controlled by the wind friction velocity. The results also show that large particles are strongly sensible to rebound when the wind friction velocity is the highest. Size‐resolved dry deposition velocities are compared with the rare measurements of dust deposition velocities over bare sandy soils and are confronted to existing parameterizations of the dry deposition velocity. The parameterization of Zhang and Shao (2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp‐14‐12429‐2014) appears to be the only one able to reproduce satisfyingly the measured dry deposition velocities on sandy soils in the 1‐ to 10‐μm particle size range. Indeed, unlike others, this scheme considers the desert sandy surfaces as rough surfaces, allowing the interception of dust particles by the sand grains and/or by the small roughness elements present on the surface.
Development of an antibody fragment that stabilizes GPCR/G-protein complexes
Authors: Maeda Shoji , Koehl Antoine , Matile Hugues , Hu Hongli , Hilger Daniel , Schertler Gebhard F. X. , Manglik Aashish , Skiniotis Georgios , Dawson Roger J. P. , Kobilka Brian K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSingle-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently enabled high-resolution structure determination of numerous biological macromolecular complexes. Despite this progress, the application of high-resolution cryo-EM to G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in complex with heterotrimeric G proteins remains challenging, owning to both the relative small size and the limited stability of these assemblies. Here we describe the development of antibody fragments that bind and stabilize GPCR-G protein complexes for the application of high-resolution cryo-EM. One antibody in particular, mAb16, stabilizes GPCR/G-protein complexes by recognizing an interface between Gα and Gβγ subunits in the heterotrimer, and confers resistance to GTPγS-triggered dissociation. The unique recognition mode of this antibody makes it possible to transfer its binding and stabilizing effect to other G-protein subtypes through minimal protein engineering. This antibody fragment is thus a broadly applicable tool for structural studies of GPCR/G-protein complexes.
NLRP1 restricts butyrate producing commensals to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Tye Hazel , Yu Chien-Hsiung , Simms Lisa A. , de Zoete Marcel R. , Kim Man Lyang , Zakrzewski Martha , Penington Jocelyn S. , Harapas Cassandra R. , Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes Fernando , Wockner Leesa F. , Preaudet Adele , Mielke Lisa A. , Wilcox Stephen A. , Ogura Yasunori , Corr Sinead C. , Kanojia Komal , Kouremenos Konstantinos A. , De Souza David P. , McConville Malcolm J. , Flavell Richard A. , Gerlic Motti , Kile Benjamin T. , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Putoczki Tracy L. , Radford-Smith Graham L. , Masters Seth L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnti-microbial signaling pathways are normally triggered by innate immune receptors when detecting pathogenic microbes to provide protective immunity. Here we show that the inflammasome sensor Nlrp1 aggravates DSS-induced experimental mouse colitis by limiting beneficial, butyrate-producingClostridialesin the gut. The colitis-protective effects ofNlrp1deficiency are thus reversed by vancomycin treatment, but recapitulated with butyrate supplementation in wild-type mice. Moreover, an activating mutation inNlrp1aincreases IL-18 and IFNγ production, and decreases colonic butyrate to exacerbate colitis. We also show that, in patients with ulcerative colitis, increasedNLRP1in inflamed regions of the colon is associated with increasedIFN-γ. In this context,NLRP1,IL-18orIFN-γexpression negatively correlates with the abundance ofClostridialesin human rectal mucosal biopsies. Our data identify the NLRP1 inflammasome to be a key negative regulator of protective, butyrate-producing commensals, which therefore promotes inflammatory bowel disease.
The Possible Role of Neurobeachin in Extinction of Contextual Fear Memory
Authors: Lee Boyoung , Bang Eunyoung , Yang Won Suk , Paydar Afshin , Ha Go Eun , Kim Sujin , Kim Jong-Hyun , Cho Taesup , Lee Seung Eun , Lee Sukchan , Kang Myoung-Goo , Cheong Eunji , Kim Key-Sun , Lee Cheolju , Yu Myeong-Hee , Shin Hee-Sup 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEstablished fear memory becomes vulnerable to disruption after memory retrieval and extinction; this labile state is critical for inhibiting the return of fear memory. However, the labile state has a very narrow time window after retrieval, and underlying molecular mechanisms are not well known. To that end, we isolated the hippocampus immediately after fear memory retrieval and performed proteomics. We identified Neurobeachin (NBEA), an autism-related regulator of synaptic protein trafficking, to be upregulated after contextual fear memory retrieval. NBEA protein expression was rapid and transient after fear memory retrieval at the synapse. Nbea mRNA was enriched at the synapses, and the rapid induction of NBEA expression was blocked by inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent signaling pathway. Mice with cornu ammonis 1 (CA1)-specific Nbea shRNA knockdown showed normal fear acquisition and contextual fear memory but impaired extinction, suggesting an important role of Nbea in fear memory extinction processes. Consistently, Nbea heterozygotes showed normal fear acquisition and fear memory recall but showed impairment in extinction. Our data suggest that NBEA is necessary either for induction of memory lability or for the physiological process of memory extinction.
Recovery of horse fly populations in Louisiana marshes following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Authors: Husseneder Claudia , Park Jong-Seok , Foil Lane D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010 had unprecedented impact on the Gulf of Mexico. We established the greenhead horse fly (Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart) as a bioindicator of marsh health. This species is bound to coastal marshes, since its larvae develop as top invertebrate predators in the marsh soil. Immediately after the oil spill (2010–2011), populations of this horse fly declined in oiled areas of Louisiana marshes with significant impacts on genetic structure. In this follow-up study five years after the catastrophic event (2015–2016), we now report signs of recovery of populations in formerly oiled areas. Fly numbers increased compared to previous counts. Previously detected genetic bottlenecks in oiled populations have disappeared. Migration into oiled areas began to replenish formerly depleted horse fly populations in impacted regions with populations from non-oiled areas as an important source of migrants. Parameters of family structure that had been impacted by the oil spill (number of breeding parents, effective population size, number of family clusters) rebounded to levels similar to or exceeding those in non-oiled control areas.
Link between carrot leaf secondary metabolites and resistance to Alternaria dauci
Authors: Koutouan Claude , Clerc Valérie Le , Baltenweck Raymonde , Claudel Patricia , Halter David , Hugueney Philippe , Hamama Latifa , Suel Anita , Huet Sébastien , Merlet Marie-Hélène Bouvet , Briard Mathilde 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlternaria Leaf Blight (ALB), caused by the fungus Alternaria dauci, is the most damaging foliar disease affecting carrots (Daucus carota). In order to identify compounds potentially linked to the resistance to A. dauci, we have used a combination of targeted and non-targeted metabolomics to compare the leaf metabolome of four carrot genotypes with different resistance levels. Targeted analyses were focused on terpene volatiles, while total leaf methanolic extracts were subjected to non-targeted analyses using liquid chromatography couple to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Differences in the accumulation of major metabolites were highlighted among genotypes and some of these metabolites were identified as potentially involved in resistance or susceptibility. A bulk segregant analysis on F3 progenies obtained from a cross between one of the resistant genotypes and a susceptible one, confirmed or refuted the hypothesis that the metabolites differentially accumulated by these two parents could be linked to resistance.
Missense mutation of VKORC1 leads to medial arterial calcification in rats
Authors: Michaux Arnaud , Matagrin Benjamin , Debaux Jean-Valéry , Schurgers Leon J. , Benoit Etienne , Lattard Virginie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVitamin K plays a crucial role in the regulation of vascular calcifications by allowing activation of matrix Gla protein. The dietary requirement for vitamin K is low because of an efficient recycling of vitamin K by vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1). However, decreased VKORC1 activity may result in vascular calcification. More than 30 coding mutations of VKORC1 have been described. While these mutations have been suspected of causing anticoagulant resistance, their association with an increase in the risk of vascular calcification has never been considered. We thus investigated functional cardiovascular characteristics in a rat model mutated in VKORC1. This study revealed that limited intake in vitamin K in mutated rat induced massive calcified areas in the media of arteries of lung, aortic arch, kidneys and testis. Development of calcifications could be inhibited by vitamin K supplementation. In calcified areas, inactive Matrix Gla protein expression increased, while corresponding mRNA expression was not modified. Mutation in VKORC1 associated with a limited vitamin K intake is thus a major risk for cardiovascular disease. Our model is the first non-invasive rat model that shows spontaneous medial calcifications and would be useful for studying physiological function of vitamin K.
Copper mediated amyloid-β binding to Transthyretin
Authors: Ciccone Lidia , Fruchart-Gaillard Carole , Mourier Gilles , Savko Martin , Nencetti Susanna , Orlandini Elisabetta , Servent Denis , Stura Enrico A. , Shepard William 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTransthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine and retinol both in plasma and in cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid provides a natural protective response against Alzheimer’s disease (AD), modulates amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition by direct interaction and co-localizes with Aβ in plaques. TTR levels are lower in the CSF of AD patients. Zn2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ transform TTR into a protease able to cleave Aβ. To explain these activities, monomer dissociation or conformational changes have been suggested. Here, we report that when TTR crystals are exposed to copper or iron salts, the tetramer undergoes a significant conformational change that alters the dimer-dimer interface and rearranges residues implicated in TTR’s ability to neutralize Aβ. We also describe the conformational changes in TTR upon the binding of the various metal ions. Furthermore, using bio-layer interferometry (BLI) with immobilized Aβ(1–28), we observe the binding of TTR only in the presence of copper. Such Cu2+-dependent binding suggests a recognition mechanism whereby Cu2+ modulates both the TTR conformation, induces a complementary Aβ structure and may participate in the interaction. Cu2+-soaked TTR crystals show a conformation different from that induced by Fe2+, and intriguingly, TTR crystals grown in presence of Aβ(1–28) show different positions for the copper sites from those grown its absence.
Global establishment threat from a major forest pest via international shipping: Lymantria dispar
Authors: Paini D. R. , Mwebaze P. , Kuhnert P. M. , Kriticos D. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe global shipping network is widely recognised as a pathway for vectoring invasive species. One species of particular concern is Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth). Two subspecies, L. d. asiatica and L. d. japonica (herein referred to as Asian Gypsy Moth - AGM) are of considerable concern as ships arriving to a number of countries have been found carrying AGM egg masses. However, ships carrying AGM eggs can only threaten a country at ports located in a climatically suitable region. We present a CLIMEX model of climate suitability and combine this with international shipping to estimate the global threat from AGM. We find that for the USA more than half of international ships (approximately 18,000 ships) arrive to climatically suitable ports. Other countries with a large number of ships arriving to ports with suitable climates include Canada and Brazil. This is the first global analysis of the invasion threat from AGM, and we recommend countries focus AGM-inspection programs towards ships arriving at ports found within climatically suitable regions.
Highly transparent light emitting diodes on graphene encapsulated Cu nanowires network
Authors: Huang Youyang , Huang Zongxing , Zhong Zhibai , Yang Xu , Hong Qiming , Wang Huachun , Huang Shengrong , Gao Na , Chen Xiaohong , Cai Duanjun , Kang Junyong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe internal quantum efficiency of blue LEDs is almost close to the limit, therefore, advanced transparent electrode has been long explored for gaining high external quantum efficiency. However, work function mismatch at electrode-semiconductor interface remains the fundamental difficulty in obtaining low resistance ohmic contact. Here, we demonstrate the gas phase encapsulation of graphene layer on superfine Cu nanowires network by chemical vapor deposition for highly transparent LEDs. The fast encapsulation of graphene shell layer on Cu nanowires achieves high optoelectronic performance (33 Ω/sq @ 95% T), broad transparency range (200~3000 nm) and strong antioxidant stability. A novel phenomenon of scattered-point contact is revealed at the Cu nanowires/GaN interface. Point discharge effect is found to produce locally high injection current through contact points, which can effectively overcome Schottky barrier and form ohmic contact. The transparent LED on Cu@graphene nanowire network is successfully lighted with bright blue emission.
Artificial Shape Perception Retina Network Based on Tunable Memristive Neurons
Authors: Bao Lin , Kang Jian , Fang Yichen , Yu Zhizhen , Wang Zongwei , Yang Yuchao , Cai Yimao , Huang Ru 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRetina shows an extremely high signal processing efficiency because of its specific signal processing strategy which called computing in sensor. In retina, photoreceptor cells encode light signals into spikes and ganglion cells finish the shape perception process. In order to realize the neuromorphic vision sensor, the one-transistor-one-memristor (1T1M) structure which formed by one memristor and one MOSFET in serial is used to construct photoreceptor cell and ganglion cell. The voltage changes between two terminals of memristor and MOSFET can mimic the changes of membrane potential caused by spikes and illumination respectively. In this paper, the tunable memristive neurons with 1T1M structures are built. According to the concept of receptive field of ganglion cells (GCs) in the retina, the artificial shape perception retina network is constructed with these memristive neurons. The final results show that the artificial retina can extract shape information from the image and transfer it into spike frequency realizing the function of computing in sensor.
Volume phase transition kinetics of smart N-n-propylacrylamide microgels studied by time-resolved pressure jump small angle neutron scattering
Authors: Wrede Oliver , Reimann Yvonne , Lülsdorf Stefan , Emmrich Daniel , Schneider Kristina , Schmid Andreas Josef , Zauser Diana , Hannappel Yvonne , Beyer André , Schweins Ralf , Gölzhäuser Armin , Hellweg Thomas , Sottmann Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe use of smart colloidal microgels for advanced applications critically depends on their response kinetics. We use pressure jump small angle neutron scattering with supreme time resolution to study the rapid volume phase transition kinetics of such microgels. Utilizing the pressure induced microphase separation inside the microgels we were able to resolve their collapse and swelling kinetics. While the collapse occurs on a time scale of 10 ms, the particle swelling turned out to be much faster. Photon correlation spectroscopy and static small angle neutron scattering unambiguously show, that the much slower collapse can be associated with the complex particle architecture exhibiting a loosely-crosslinked outer region and a denser inner core region. These insights into the kinetics of stimuli-responsive materials are of high relevance for their applications as nano-actuators, sensors or drug carriers. Moreover, the used refined pressure jump small angle neutron scattering technique is of broad interest for soft matter studies.
Behavioral performance and visual strategies during skill acquisition using a novel tool use motor learning task
Authors: Bosch T. J. , Hanna T. , Fercho K. A. , Baugh L. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHabitual tool use is considered a hallmark of human evolution. One potential explanation for humanity’s advanced tool using abilities is that humans possess a unique neurobiological system that estimates efficient ways to manipulate objects with novel tools, resulting in rapid tool use motor learning. However, since humans regularly use a multitude of tools, examining these underlying processes is challenging. As such, we developed a tool use motor learning paradigm that utilizes a challenging tool (chopsticks) in order to accomplish a difficult behavioral task that requires extensive practice to continuously improve one’s proficiency. We then assessed the paradigm by recruiting participants with little experience using chopsticks and training them over the course of eight training sessions to grasp marbles with chopsticks and drop them in a cylindrical container. Throughout training, we examined behavioral performance and visual strategies to determine whether practicing the task resulted in outcomes congruent with traditional motor learning. Results show that performance increases in a logarithmic pattern and is accompanied by decreased confirmatory visual strategies. Since these findings are congruent with those seen in traditional motor learning, this paradigm is a novel method for use in future research examining the underlying mechanisms that mediate tool use motor learning.
Optogenetic stimulation of complex spatio-temporal activity patterns by acousto-optic light steering probes cerebellar granular layer integrative properties
Authors: Hernandez Oscar , Pietrajtis Katarzyna , Mathieu Benjamin , Dieudonné Stéphane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOptogenetics provides tools to control afferent activity in brain microcircuits. However, this requires optical methods that can evoke asynchronous and coordinated activity within neuronal ensembles in a spatio-temporally precise way. Here we describe a light patterning method, which combines MHz acousto-optic beam steering and adjustable low numerical aperture Gaussian beams, to achieve fast 2D targeting in scattering tissue. Using mossy fiber afferents to the cerebellar cortex as a testbed, we demonstrate single fiber optogenetic stimulation with micron-scale lateral resolution, >100 µm depth-penetration and 0.1 ms spiking precision. Protracted spatio-temporal patterns of light delivered by our illumination system evoked sustained asynchronous mossy fiber activity with excellent repeatability. Combining optical and electrical stimulations, we show that the cerebellar granular layer performs nonlinear integration, whereby sustained mossy fiber activity provides a permissive context for the transmission of salient inputs, enriching combinatorial views on mossy fiber pattern separation.
Blocking HIF signaling via novel inhibitors of CA9 and APE1/Ref-1 dramatically affects pancreatic cancer cell survival
Authors: Logsdon Derek P. , Shah Fenil , Carta Fabrizio , Supuran Claudiu T. , Kamocka Malgorzata , Jacobsen Max H. , Sandusky George E. , Kelley Mark R. , Fishel Melissa L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has reactive stroma that promotes tumor signaling, fibrosis, inflammation, and hypoxia, which activates HIF-1α to increase tumor cell metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) stabilizes intracellular pH following induction by HIF-1α. Redox effector factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein with redox signaling activity that converts certain oxidized transcription factors to a reduced state, enabling them to upregulate tumor-promoting genes. Our studies evaluate PDAC hypoxia responses and APE1/Ref-1 redox signaling contributions to HIF-1α-mediated CA9 transcription. Our previous studies implicated this pathway in PDAC cell survival under hypoxia. We expand those studies, comparing drug responses using patient-derived PDAC cells displaying differential hypoxic responses in 3D spheroid tumor-stroma models to characterize second generation APE1/Ref-1 redox signaling and CA9 inhibitors. Our data demonstrates that HIF-1α-mediated CA9 induction differs between patient-derived PDAC cells and that APE1/Ref-1 redox inhibition attenuates this induction by decreasing hypoxia-induced HIF-1 DNA binding. Dual-targeting of APE1/Ref-1 and CA9 in 3D spheroids demonstrated that this combination effectively kills PDAC tumor cells displaying drastically different levels of CA9. New APE1/Ref-1 and CA9 inhibitors were significantly more potent alone and in combination, highlighting the potential of combination therapy targeting the APE1-Ref-1 signaling axis with significant clinical potential.