bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term and long‐term effects of pathogen reduction interventions on salmonellosis from whole chickens
Authors: Oscar Thomas P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe current study was undertaken to evaluate short‐term and long‐term effects of pathogen reduction interventions on food safety. This was accomplished using a model that predicts risk of salmonellosis from whole chickens produced by different scenarios. Interventions investigated were a 50% pathogen reduction before retail (PR), a 50% pathogen reduction at serving by consumer education (CE), and a 75% pathogen reduction by PR + CE. Long‐term effects were simulated by reducing consumer resistance by an amount equal to reductions in pathogen exposure caused by interventions in the short‐term. In the short‐term, risk of salmonellosis was reduced (p < 0.05) from 0.42 to 0.21, 0.23, and 0.13 cases per 100,000 consumers by PR, CE, and PR + CE, respectively. However, in the long‐term, risk of salmonellosis was increased (p < 0.05) from 0.42 to 1.03, 1.08, and 2.20 cases per 100,000 consumers by PR, CE, and PR + CE, respectively. These results indicated that food safety benefits of pathogen reduction interventions reversed with time because of a decrease in consumer resistance to salmonellosis.
Does the environmental Kuznets curve exist between globalization and energy consumption? Global evidence from the cross‐correlation method
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Mahalik Mantu Kumar , Shahzad Syed Jawad Hussain , Hammoudeh Shawkat 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe explore the nexus between globalization and energy demand for 86 high‐, middle‐, and low‐income countries over the period 1970–2015. We use a simple approach based on the cross‐correlation to understand how globalization and energy consumption are related in terms of time lags and leads. Our findings show that for 64 out of the 86 countries (approximately 74%), there is clear evidence in support of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The globalized environment (e.g., globalization) has been conducive for the majority of the countries in reducing their long‐term energy consumption. From a policy perspective, our findings suggest that the role of “globalization” in the EKC function should not be underestimated by policymakers and governments of these countries while designing a policy framework for the reduction of energy demand in the long run.
Performance Assessment of Water Delivery and Distribution in Som Kamla Amba Irrigation Scheme
Authors: Sharma Upma , Kothari Mahesh , Dashora Yogita 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the water delivery performance of the Som Kamla Amba irrigation scheme located in the Dungarpur district of Rajasthan using adequacy, equity and dependability indicators. Three minors each at the head, mid and tail sections of main canals (Right and Left Main Canal) and branch canals (Aspur Branch Canal and Baroda Branch Canal) were selected. The ratio of water delivered (obtained from discharge measured at outlets) and water required (calculated from CROPWAT software) was determined for major rabi crops (wheat, barley, gram and mustard) grown in the command area in 2011–2012. Results had shown good (1.00 to 0.93), fair (0.84 to 0.80) and poor (0.42 to 0.18) adequacy at the head, mid and tail sections of each canal respectively. Also there is poor equity in water delivery as its value varied from 0.35 to 0.92. Dependability was found to be good at head, fair at mid and poor at tail sections. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MiR‐148a regulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells‐mediated fracture healing by targeting insulin‐like growth factor 1
Authors: Liu Hongzhi , Su Hao , Wang Xin , Hao Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of fracture healing mediated by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Differentially expressed microRNAs in acutely injured subjects and healthy volunteers were screened by microarray analysis. The dual luciferase reporter system was used to verify whether insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was the direct target gene regulated by miR‐148a. The expression level of miR‐148a and IGF1 after osteogenic differentiation was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of bone markers, including IGF1, runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin, and osteopontin in rat bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells. Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining was used to detect alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. An animal fracture model was used for in vivo experiments. MiR‐148a was highly expressed in acutely injured subjects compared with healthy volunteers, and IGF1 was a target of miR‐148a. Moreover, compared with the negative control group, IGF1 messenger RNA expression was significantly increased in the miR‐148a antagomir group. During osteogenic differentiation, the expression of IGF1, Runx2, osteocalcin, and osteopontin was higher in the miR‐148a antagomir group than other groups. In vivo experiments further confirmed that upregulation of IGF1 enhanced fracture healing efficiently by decreasing callus width and area and improving bone mineral density, maximum load, stiffness, and energy absorption. It was proved that IGF1 was the direct target gene of miR‐148a, and the use of rat bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells with low expression of miR‐148a could improve fracture healing by upregulating IGF1.
MicroRNA‐212 suppresses nonsmall lung cancer invasion and migration by regulating ubiquitin‐specific protease‐9
Authors: Chen Wei , Huang Yuye , Zhang Shufen , Zheng Xiaoxiao , Xie Shangzhi , Mao Jiayan , Cai Ying , Lu Xuemei , Hu Liqiang , Shen Jian , Dong Ying , Chai Kequn 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in various biological processes, including migration, proliferation, differentiation, cell cycling, and apoptosis. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to be related to the capability of migration and invasion in many tumor cells. In this study, we used wound‐healing assay and transwell invasion to analysis the capability of migration and invasion in non–small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), respectively. The expression of ubiquitin‐specific protease‐9‐X‐linked (USP9X) and miR‐212 messenger RNA (mRNA) was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis was used to determine the E‐cadherin and vimentin expression. Our results showed that miR‐212 mimic inhibited cell migration and invasion, while miR‐212 inhibitor increased cell migration and invasion. There was no significant difference between WP1130 and miR‐212 mimic combined with WP1130 groups. Moreover, WP1130 inhibited the capability of the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Western blot analysis displayed that miR‐212 mimic upregulated E‐cadherin expression and downregulated vimentin expression, while miR‐212 inhibitor downregulated E‐cadherin and upregulated vimentin expression. These data showed that miR‐212 regulated NSCLC cell invasion and migration by regulating USP9X expression. Taken together, these findings indicated that miR‐212 regulated NSCLC cells migration and invasion through targeting USP9X involved in EMT.
Adapting psychotherapy to patient reactance level: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Beutler Larry E. , Edwards Christopher , Someah Kathleen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractResistance and its extreme variation, reactance, are uniformly observed across varieties of psychotherapy. Social psychologists note that reactant individuals prove to be less so when offered a receptive and nondirective environment. We provide definitions of reactance, review its frequent measures, and offer a clinical example. A meta‐analysis of 13 controlled studies (1,208 patients) examined the degree to which treatment outcomes are enhanced when therapists offer less directive treatments to high‐reactance patients. The results revealed a large effect size (d = .79), confirming that highly reactant individuals did better in psychotherapy when the therapist assumed a reflective and nondirective stance than a directive and authoritative one. To a lesser degree, the opposite was also true. Limitations of the research and diversity considerations are noted. Practice recommendations are provided to minimize a patient’s reactant behavior.
Stages of change and psychotherapy outcomes: A review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Krebs Paul , Norcross John C. , Nicholson Joseph M. , Prochaska James O. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe transtheoretical model and the stages of change are often used to adapt treatment to the individual client. The aims of this study were to review the stages of change and popular measures of change readiness in psychotherapy and to conduct a meta‐analysis of the relation between readiness measures and psychotherapy outcomes. We report data from 76 studies, encompassing 25,917 patients. Moderate‐sized effects (d = 0.41) were found for the association among multiple disorders, including substance and alcohol use, eating disorders, and mood disorders. Outcomes were a function of the pretreatment stage of change; that is, the farther a patient along the stages, the better the treatment outcomes. This review added 37 studies to the data reported in 2010, further strengthening the link between readiness and therapy outcomes. The article concludes with limitations of the research, diversity considerations, and therapeutic practices for stage matching in psychotherapy specifically and behavioral health more generally.
Feasibility of early multimodal interventions for elderly patients with advanced pancreatic and non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Naito Tateaki , Mitsunaga Shuichi , Miura Satoru , Tatematsu Noriatsu , Inano Toshimi , Mouri Takako , Tsuji Tetsuya , Higashiguchi Takashi , Inui Akio , Okayama Taro , Yamaguchi Teiko , Morikawa Ayumu , Mori Naoharu , Takahashi Toshiaki , Strasser Florian , Omae Katsuhiro , Mori Keita , Takayama Koichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCombinations of exercise and nutritional interventions might improve the functional prognosis for cachectic cancer patients. However, high attrition and poor compliance with interventions limit their efficacy. We aimed to test the feasibility of the early induction of new multimodal interventions specific for elderly patients with advanced cancer Nutrition and Exercise Treatment for Advanced Cancer (NEXTAC) programme.MethodsThis was a multicentre prospective single‐arm study. We recruited 30 of 46 screened patients aged ≥70 years scheduled to receive first‐line chemotherapy for newly diagnosed, advanced pancreatic, or non‐small‐cell lung cancer. Physical activity was measured using pedometers/accelerometer (Lifecorder®, Suzuken Co., Ltd., Japan). An 8 week educational intervention comprised three exercise and three nutritional sessions. The exercise interventions combined home‐based low‐intensity resistance training and counselling to promote physical activity. Nutritional interventions included standard nutritional counselling and instruction on how to manage symptoms that interfere with patient's appetite and oral intake. Supplements rich in branched‐chain amino acids (Inner Power®, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan) were provided. The primary endpoint of the study was feasibility, which was defined as the proportion of patients attending ≥4 of six sessions. Secondary endpoints included compliance and safety.ResultsThe median patient age was 75 years (range, 70–84). Twelve patients (40%) were cachectic at baseline. Twenty‐nine patients attended ≥4 of the six planned sessions (96.7%, 95% confidence interval, 83.3 to 99.4). One patient dropped out due to deteriorating health status. The median proportion of days of compliance with supplement consumption and exercise performance were 99% and 91%, respectively. Adverse events possibly related to the NEXTAC programme were observed in five patients and included muscle pain (Grade 1 in two patients), arthralgia (Grade 1 in one patient), dyspnoea on exertion (Grade 1 in one patient), and plantar aponeurositis (Grade 1 in one patient).ConclusionsThe early induction of multimodal interventions showed excellent compliance and safety in elderly patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic and non‐small‐cell lung cancer receiving concurrent chemotherapy. We are now conducting a randomized phase II study to measure the impact of these interventions on functional prognosis.
Power to participants: a call for person‐centred HIV prevention services and research
Authors: Pantelic Marija , Stegling Christine , Shackleton Sally , Restoy Enrique 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionWhile biomedical HIV prevention offers promise for preventing new HIV infections, access to and uptake of these technologies remain unacceptably low in some settings. New models for delivery of HIV prevention are clearly needed. This commentary highlights the potential of person‐centred programming and research for increasing the cultural relevance, applicability and use of efficacious HIV prevention strategies. It calls for a shift in perspective within HIV prevention programmes and research, whereby people are recognized for their agency rather than assumed to be passive beneficiaries or research participants.DiscussionPerson‐centred HIV prevention reorientates power dynamics so that individuals (rather than interventions) are at the centre of the response. Respecting personal choice and agency – and understanding how these are shaped by the context in which people exercise these choices – are critical dimensions of the person‐centred approach. Community‐based participatory research should be employed to inform and evaluate person‐centred HIV prevention. We argue that community‐based participatory research is an orientation rather than a method, meaning that it can be integrated within a range of research methods including randomized controlled trials. But embracing community‐based participatory approaches in HIV prevention research requires a systemic shift in how this type of research is reported in high impact journals and in how research impact is conceived. Community‐based organizations have a critical role to play in both person‐centred HIV prevention and research.ConclusionsHIV prevention is situated at the intersection of unprecedented opportunity and crisis. Person‐centred approaches to HIV prevention and research shift power dynamics, and have the potential to ensure a more sustainable response with each individual actively participating in their own care and meaningfully contributing to the production of knowledge on HIV prevention. This approach taps into the resourcefulness, resilience and knowledge of the person and their communities, to strengthen research and programmes, making them more relevant, appropriate and effective.
Strengthening stakeholder engagement through ethics review in biomedicalHIVprevention trials: opportunities and complexities
Authors: Slack Catherine , Wilkinson Abigail , Salzwedel Jessica , Ndebele Paul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionClinical trials of biomedicalHIVprevention modalities require the cooperation of multiple stakeholders. Key stakeholders, such as community members, may have stark vulnerabilities. Consequently, calls forHIVprevention researchers to implement “stakeholder engagement” are increasingly common. Such engagement is held to benefit inter‐stakeholder relations, stakeholders themselves and the research itself. The ethics review process presents a unique opportunity to strengthen stakeholder engagement practices inHIVprevention trials. However, this is not necessarily straightforward. In this article, we consider several complexities. First, is stakeholder engagement a legitimate component of what Research Ethics Committees (RECs) should review forHIVprevention trials? Second, what are the core features of engagement that should be under ethics review? Third, what are the key practices that should be highlighted in ethics review?MethodsTo address these questions, we examined the international ethics guidelines specialized for such trials (UNAIDS2012,UNAIDS‐AVAC GPP2011) and directly applicable to such trials (CIOMS2016;WHO2011). Thematic analysis was used to code and analyse these guidelines.Results and discussionEthics guidelines supportRECreview of engagement. Guidance recommends that engagement be broad and inclusive; early and sustained; and dynamic and responsive. Broad engagement practices include evaluating the context, planning in writing, and resourcing.RECs should assess engagement as part of a comprehensive review, and recommend revisions where necessary. Researchers should profile key elements of engagement valued in ethics guidance, when they draft ethics submissions. Importantly, the ethics review process should not undermine the ‘dynamic responsiveness’ required for excellent engagement in this field.ConclusionsAs evidence‐informed engagement strategies emerge, these should inform the ethics submission and review process. Both parties in the review process should strive to avoid a superficial, check‐list type approach that caricatures what should be a thorough, nuanced ethics review of a rich, responsive engagement process.
Stakeholder engagement to informHIVclinical trials: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Day Suzanne , Blumberg Meredith , Vu Thi , Zhao Yang , Rennie Stuart , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionStakeholder engagement is an essential component ofHIVclinical trials. We define stakeholder engagement as an input by individuals or groups with an interest inHIVclinical trials to inform the design or conduct of said trials. Despite its value, stakeholder engagement to informHIVclinical trials has not been rigorously examined. The purpose of our systematic review is to examine stakeholder engagement forHIVclinical trials and compare it to the recommendations of theUNAIDS/AVACGood Participatory Practice (GPP) guidelines.MethodsWe used thePRISMAchecklist and identified English language studies describing stakeholder engagement to informHIVclinical trials. Four databases (PubMed, Ovid,CINAHLand Web of Science) and six journals were searched, with additional studies identified using handsearching and expert input. Two independent reviewers examined citations, abstracts and full texts. Data were extracted on country, engagement methods, stakeholder types and purpose of stakeholder engagement. Based on theGPPguidelines, we examined how frequently stakeholder engagement was conducted to inform clinical trial research question development, protocol development, recruitment, enrolment, follow‐up, results and dissemination.Results and discussionOf the 917 citations identified, 108 studies were included in the analysis. Forty‐eight studies (44.4%) described stakeholder engagement in high‐income countries, thirty (27.8%) in middle‐income countries and nine (8.3%) in low‐income countries. Fourteen methods for stakeholder engagement were identified, including individual (e.g. interviews) and group (e.g. community advisory boards) strategies. Thirty‐five types of stakeholders were engaged, with approximately half of the studies (60; 55.6%) engagingHIV‐affected community stakeholders (e.g. people living withHIV, at‐risk or related populations of interest). We observed greater frequency of stakeholder engagement to inform protocol development (49 studies; 45.4%) and trial recruitment (47 studies; 43.5%). Fewer studies described stakeholder engagement to inform post‐trial processes related to trial results (3; 2.8%) and dissemination (11; 10.2%).ConclusionsOur findings identify important directions for future stakeholder engagement research and suggestions for policy. Most notably, we found that stakeholder engagement was more frequently conducted to inform early stages ofHIVclinical trials compared to later stages. In order to meet recommendations established in theGPPguidelines, greater stakeholder engagement across all clinical trial stages is needed.
Collateral benefits: how the practical application of Good Participatory Practice can strengthen HIV research in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Baron Deborah , Essien Thandekile , Pato Sinazo , Magongo Miliswa , Mbandazayo Nomthandazo , Scorgie Fiona , Rees Helen , Delany‐Moretlwe Sinead 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe Good Participatory Practice (GPP): Guidelines for Biomedical HIV Prevention Trials, second edition (2011) were developed to provide clinical trial sponsors and implementers with a formal stakeholder engagement framework. As one of the largest African research institutes, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (Wits RHI) became an early adopter of GPP by implementing its principles within large‐scale national and regional clinical trials. This article examines Wits RHI's lessons learned from implementing GPP, its ongoing efforts to institutionalize GPP, and the yet to be realized potential in creating fully sustainable structures for meaningful stakeholder engagement in HIV prevention research, implementation science and beyond.DiscussionFor the past seven years, Wits RHI has undertaken both centralized leadership roles in implementing GPP across multi‐party regional research consortia as well as overseeing GPP for smaller investigator‐driven trials. Through this iterative roll‐out of GPP, key lessons have emerged. Obtaining upfront funding to support GPP activities throughout and between the research life cycle, and a trained multi‐disciplinary team of GPP practitioners have helped facilitate an enabling environment for GPP implementation. We further recommend formally integrating stakeholder engagement into study documents, including monitoring and evaluation plans with indicators and performance metrics, to assist teams to track and refine their GPP strategies. Finally, institutionalizing resources and supporting organization‐wide GPP along with ongoing support can help build efficiencies and maximize economies of scale toward a pragmatic and innovative application of the GPP Guidelines.ConclusionsThanks to a growing global network of GPP practitioners and a burgeoning GPP Community of Practice, there has been substantive progress in making GPP an integral component of clinical HIV prevention research. The Wits RHI experience highlights the possibilities and the challenges to translating the GPP principles into concrete practices within specific clinical trials and across a research institute. Realizing the full potential of GPP, including direct and indirect – ‘collateral benefits’ will require the collective buy‐in and support from sponsors, implementers and community stakeholders across the research field. As the HIV prevention research field expands, however, a more conscious and systematic implementation of GPP is timely.