bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemistry for histone H3G34W and H3K36M is highly specific for giant cell tumor of bone and chondroblastoma, respectively, in FNA and core needle biopsy
Authors: Schaefer Inga‐Marie , Fletcher Jonathan A. , Nielsen G. Petur , Shih Angela R. , Ferrone Marco L. , Hornick Jason L. , Qian Xiaohua 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDDiagnosing giant cell‐rich bone tumors can be challenging on limited biopsies. H3 histone family member 3A (H3F3A) (G34W/V/R/L) mutations are present in the majority of giant cell tumors (GCTs) of bone and H3 histone family member 3B (H3F3B) (K36M) mutations are present in nearly all chondroblastomas, but are absent in histologic mimics. Mutation‐specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) is highly specific for GCT and chondroblastoma in surgical excisions. The objective of the current study was to validate H3G34W and H3K36M IHC in the diagnosis of giant cell‐rich bone tumors on fine‐needle aspiration and core needle biopsy specimens.METHODSIHC was performed using monoclonal antibodies against histone H3.3 G34W and K36M in GCTs of bone (26 cases, including 2 malignant cases), GCT of Paget disease (1 case), chondroblastoma (8 cases), aneurysmal bone cyst (7 cases), and osteosarcoma (13 cases) with available fine‐needle aspiration and/or core needle biopsy specimens from 2 institutions. H3F3A and H3F3B Sanger sequencing was performed on all 4 H3G34W IHC‐negative GCTs.RESULTSIHC for H3G34W was positive in 22 of 26 GCTs (85%) and negative in all histologic mimics. IHC for H3K36M was positive in all 8 chondroblastomas and negative in all histologic mimics. IHC results were concordant between biopsy and surgical specimens in 152 of 158 samples (96%). Sequencing identified alternate H3F3A G34L and G34V mutations in 1 IHC‐negative GCT each, but no mutation was found in the remaining 2 cases.CONCLUSIONSH3G34W and H3K36M IHC is highly specific for GCT and chondroblastoma, respectively, among giant cell‐rich bone tumors, and is useful for confirming the diagnosis in limited biopsies. The presence of alternate H3F3A mutations accounts for the H3G34W IHC negativity in a subset of GCT of bone cases. Cancer Cytopathol 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Spontaneous Preparation of Monodispersed, Structural Colored, Spherical Particles by Rotational Stirring
Authors: Teshima Midori , Suzuki Motoki , Seki Takahiro , Takeoka Yukikazu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhen rotational stirring was applied to an electrically neutral aqueous suspension containing negatively charged, monodispersed silica fine particles and a positively charged polyelectrolyte, monodispersed, spherical particles with a size of several hundred micrometers were obtained. Conditions such as the rotational stirring speed, solute concentration, and total suspension amount were examined to clarify the conditions under which the monodispersed, spherical particles can be obtained. Spherical particles with a uniform size were obtained because the solutes create aggregates by electrostatic interactions, and the flow of the suspension from rotational agitation disperses the aggregates. Additionally, the obtained monodispersed, spherical particles contained monodispersed silica fine particles in submicron size aggregates with short‐range order. We found that monodispersed, spherical particles with a vivid structural color could be prepared by incorporating a small amount of a black substance in the spherical particles. Because monodispersed, spherical particles with various colors can be created using silica, polymer, and carbon, which are non‐toxic materials, they may be useful as new, environmentally safe pigments.
Dealloyed Nanoporous Gold Catalysts: From Macroscopic Foams to Nanoparticulate Architectures
Authors: Li Guangfang Grace , Wang Hui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDealloyed nanoporous Au membranes and spongy Au nanoparticles exhibit a set of unique structural features highly desirable for heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis. In this Focus Review, we present the state‐of‐the‐art understanding of the complex mechanisms dictating the nanoscale porosity evolution during percolation dealloying of alloys and the structure‐composition‐performance correlations underpinning the catalytic behaviors of dealloyed nanoporous Au. We focus on several fundamentally intriguing but widely debated topics concerning the nature of the active sites, the dynamic surface reconstruction under reaction conditions, and the origin of catalytic selectivity toward certain reactions. We also provide perspectives on versatile dealloying‐based synthetic approaches for precise architectural tailoring of metallic nanocatalysts as well as exciting opportunities of harnessing the combined optical and catalytic properties of dealloyed nanoporous Au to drive or enhance unconventional interfacial chemical transformations.
Comparative two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) of human milk to identify dysregulated proteins in breast cancer
Authors: Aslebagh Roshanak , Channaveerappa Devika , Arcaro Kathleen F. , Darie Costel C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) remains a major cause of mortality, and early detection is considered important for reducing BC‐associated deaths. Early detection of BC is challenging in young women, due to the limitations of mammography on the dense breast tissue of young women. We recently reported results of a pilot proteomics study, using one‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D‐PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) to investigate differences in milk proteins from women with and without BC. Here, we applied two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) and MS to compare the protein pattern in milk from the breasts of a single woman who was diagnosed with BC in one breast 24 months after donating her milk. Statistically different gel spots were picked for protein digestion followed by nanoliquid chromatography tandem MS (nanoLC‐MS/MS) analysis. The upregulated proteins in BCversuscontrol are alpha‐amylase, gelsolin isoform a precursor, alpha‐2‐glycoprotein 1 zinc isoform CRA_b partial, apoptosis‐inducing factor 2 and vitronectin. Several proteins were downregulated in the milk of the breast later diagnosed with cancer as compared to the milk from the healthy breast, including different isoforms of albumin, cholesterol esterase, different isoforms of lactoferrin, different proteins from the casein family and different isoforms of lysozyme. Results warrant further studies to determine the usefulness of these milk proteins for assessing risk and detecting occult disease. MS data is available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009860.
Determination of brompheniramine enantiomers in rat plasma by cation‐selective exhaustive injection and sweeping cyclodextrin modified electrokinetic chromatography method
Authors: Yao Yaqi , Zhao Yu , Zhang Xue , Yu Jia , Guo Xingjie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA method consisting of cation‐selective exhaustive injection and sweeping (CSEI‐sweeping) as online preconcentration followed by a cyclodextrin modified electrokinetic chromatography (CDEKC) enantioseparation has been developed for the simultaneous determination of two brompheniramine enantiomers in rat plasma. In this method, analytes were electrokinetically injected at a voltage of 8 kV for 80 s in a fused‐silica capillary. Prior to the injection, the capillary was rinsed with 50 mM phosphate buffer of pH 3.5, followed by a plug of a higher conductivity buffer (150 mM phosphate pH 3.5, 20 psi, 6 min) and a plug of water (0.5 psi, 5 s). Separation was carried out applying –20 kV in 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 3.5, containing 10% v/v ACN and 30 mg/mL sulfated‐β‐cyclodextrin (S‐β‐CD). Analytical signals were monitored at 210 nm. The detection sensitivity of brompheniramine enantiomers was enhanced by about 2400‐fold compared to the normal injection mode (hydrodynamic injection for 3 s at 0.5 psi, with a BGE of 50 mM phosphate buffer containing 20 mg/mL S‐β‐CD at pH 3.5), and LLOQ of two enantiomers were both 0.0100 μg/mL. In addition, this method had fairly good repeatability and showed promising capabilities in the application of stereoselective pharmacokinetic investigations for brompheniramine enantiomers in rat.
Spatio‐temporal dynamics of resting‐state brain networks improve single‐subject prediction of schizophrenia diagnosis
Authors: Kottaram Akhil , Johnston Leigh , Ganella Eleni , Pantelis Christos , Kotagiri Ramamohanarao , Zalesky Andrew 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCorrelation in functional MRI activity between spatially separated brain regions can fluctuate dynamically when an individual is at rest. These dynamics are typically characterized temporally by measuring fluctuations in functional connectivity between brain regions that remain fixed in space over time. Here, dynamics in functional connectivity were characterized in both time and space. Temporal dynamics were mapped with sliding‐window correlation, while spatial dynamics were characterized by enabling network regions to vary in size (shrink/grow) over time according to the functional connectivity profile of their constituent voxels. These temporal and spatial dynamics were evaluated as biomarkers to distinguish schizophrenia patients from controls, and compared to current biomarkers based on static measures of resting‐state functional connectivity. Support vector machine classifiers were trained using: (a) static, (b) dynamic in time, (c) dynamic in space, and (d) dynamic in time and space characterizations of functional connectivity within canonical resting‐state brain networks. Classifiers trained on functional connectivity dynamics mapped over both space and time predicted diagnostic status with accuracy exceeding 91%, whereas utilizing only spatial or temporal dynamics alone yielded lower classification accuracies. Static measures of functional connectivity yielded the lowest accuracy (79.5%). Compared to healthy comparison individuals, schizophrenia patients generally exhibited functional connectivity that was reduced in strength and more variable. Robustness was established with replication in an independent dataset. The utility of biomarkers based on temporal and spatial functional connectivity dynamics suggests that resting‐state dynamics are not trivially attributable to sampling variability and head motion.
Visual processing as a potential endophenotype in youths with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A sibling study design using the counting Stroop functional MRI
Authors: Fan Li‐Ying , Shang Chi‐Yung , Tseng Wen‐Yih Isaac , Gau Susan Shur‐Fen , Chou Tai‐Li 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDeficits in inhibitory control and visual processing are common in youths with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but little is known about endophenotypes for unaffected siblings of youths with ADHD. This study aimed to investigate the potential endophenotypes of brain activation and performance in inhibitory control and visual processing among ADHD probands, their unaffected siblings, and neurotypical youths. We assessed 27 ADHD probands, 27 unaffected siblings, and 27 age‐, gender‐, and IQ‐matched neurotypical youths using the counting Stroop functional magnetic resonance imaging and two tasks of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): rapid visual information processing (RVP) for inhibitory control and spatial span (SSP) for visual processing. ADHD probands showed greater activation than their unaffected siblings and neurotypical youths in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and anterior cingulate cortex. Increased activation in the right IFG was positively correlated with the mean latency of the RVP in ADHD probands. Moreover, ADHD probands and their unaffected siblings showed less activation in the left superior parietal lobule (SPL) than neurotypical youths. Increased activation in the left SPL was positively correlated with the spatial length of the SSP in neurotypical youths. Our findings suggest that less activation in the left SPL might be considered as a candidate imaging endophenotype for visual processing in ADHD.
Scale‐up of production of bacterial nanocellulose using submerged cultivation
Authors: Chen Genqiang , Wu Guochao , Alriksson Björn , Chen Lin , Wang Wei , Jönsson Leif J , Hong Feng F 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMore extensive utilization of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is severely restricted by the low efficiency and small scale of the traditional static cultivation. Submerged fermentation in stirred‐tank reactors (STRs) is potentially favourable for large‐scale production of BNC, but scale‐up of cultivation remains challenging. Even though the STR is most commonly used for submerged cultivation in the fermentation industry, there are few previous attempts to scale‐up production of BNC to pilot scale using an STR. Furthermore, the question of how scale‐up of submerged cultivation affects the properties of the BNC has received very little attentionRESULTSFour strains were compared in 250‐mL shake flasks. Strain DHU‐ATCC‐1 displayed the highest volumetric productivity, 0.56 g L−1 d−1, and was then cultivated in a 400‐mL STR, showing a similar productivity of 0.55 g L−1 d−1. Scale‐up using a 75‐L STR pilot bioreactor resulted in enhancement of the BNC production rate from 0.056 g d−1 in the shake flasks to 17.3 g d−1 in the 75‐L STR, although the productivity decreased to 0.43 g L−1 d−1. During scale‐up from shake flasks to 400‐mL STR and further on to 75‐L STR, the BNC fibers formed more bundles, whereas the fiber diameter decreased from 25.6 to 21.7 nm. The BNC from the 75‐L STR exhibited a higher degree of polymerization, specifically 3230, higher degree of crystallinity, specifically 83%, larger crystallites, and improved strength including higher tensile energy absorption index and superior stretch at break.CONCLUSIONIt is possible to enhance BNC production, and maintain or improve its properties when scaling up submerged cultivation in STRs. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
NiTi loss on the dentinal walls and instrument deformation during root canal preparation
Authors: Centenaro Carolina Fabiana , Grecca Fabiana Soares , Kopper Patrícia Maria Poli , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Pereira Jefferson Ricardo , Rosa Ricardo Abreu da , da Silva Paula Barcellos , Só Marcus Vinícius Reis 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to quantify the presence of nickel (Ni) and titanium (Ti) on dentin walls of prepared root canals using Endosequence (ES) and Wave One (WO) systems, the deformation, and fracture of these instruments. Thirty extracted human premolar teeth were selected and prepared with WO, ES, and manually (control group—CG). Each instrument was used in four root canals. The root canals were irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. After preparation, roots were sectioned longitudinally and the apical third was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with X‐ray microanalysis (SEM‐EDS). The percentage of Ni and Ti found on dentin walls was compared using Kruskal–Wallis test and post hoc Dunn. The instruments deformation and fracture was evaluate by SEM before and after use. Spiral distortion, fractures, and surface wear were compared using Mann–Whitney test. The level of significance was set at 5%. Ni and Ti were found on the dentin walls of the apical root canal for ES and WO systems (p > .05). No distortion in the spirals and no instrument fracture were observed. Regarding to surface wear, most of the instruments scored as moderate wear (p > .05). This study concluded the WO and ES presented Ni and Ti loss. In addition, the preparation of four root canals did not caused irreversible deformation in WO and ES instruments.
Sensing of silver nanoparticles on/in endothelial cells using atomic force spectroscopy
Authors: Kolodziejczyk Agnieszka , Jakubowska Aleksandra , Kucinska Magdalena , Wasiak Tomasz , Komorowski Piotr , Makowski Krzysztof , Walkowiak Bogdan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEndothelial cells, due to their location, are interesting objects for atomic force spectroscopy study. They constitute a barrier between blood and vessel tissues located deeper, and therefore they are the first line of contact with various substances present in blood, eg, drugs or nanoparticles. This work intends to verify whether the mechanical response of immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926), when exposed to silver nanoparticles, as measured using force spectroscopy, could be effectively used as a bio‐indicator of the physiological state of the cells. Silver nanoparticles were characterized with transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering techniques. Tetrazolium salt reduction test was used to determine cell viability after treatment with silver nanoparticles. An elasticity of native cells was examined in the Hanks' buffer whereas fixed cells were softly fixed with formaldehyde. Additional aspect of the work is the comparative force spectroscopy utilizing AFM probes of ball‐shape and conical geometries, in order to understand what changes in cell elasticity, caused by SNPs, were detectable with each probe. As a supplement to elasticity studies, cell morphology observation by atomic force microscopy and detection of silver nanoparticles inside cells using transmission electron microscopy were also performed. Cells exposed to silver nanoparticles at the highest selected concentrations (3.6 μg/mL, 16 μg/mL) are less elastic. It may be associated with the reorganization of the cellular cytoskeleton and the “strengthening” of the cell cortex caused by presence of silver nanoparticles. This observation does not depend on cell fixation. Agglomerates of silver nanoparticles were observed on the cell membrane as well as inside the cells.
Folate receptor‐targeted 19F MR molecular imaging and proliferation evaluation of lung cancer
Authors: Xu Xiuan , Yan Yuling , Liu Fang , Wu Lina , Shao Mengping , Wang Kai , Sun Xilin , Li Yingbo , Beinpuo Ernest Sanyare Warmann , Shen Baozhong 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundFolate receptors (FRs) hold great potential as important diagnostic and prognostic biological marker for cancer.PurposeTo assess the targeted capability of the FR‐targeted perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoparticles and to assess in vivo the relationship between FR expression and tumor proliferation with fluorine‐19 (19F) MR molecular imaging.Study TypeProspective animal cancer model.Animal ModelH460 (n = 14) and A549 (n = 14) nude mice subcutaneous tumor models.Field Strength9.4T, 1H and 19F RARE sequences.AssessmentIntracellular uptake of the PFC nanoparticles was tested in H460 and A549 cell lines. 19F MRI of H460 and A549 subcutaneous tumors was performed following intravenous injection of PFC nanoparticles. The concentration of PFC in tumors were compared. 3′‐Deoxy‐3′‐18F‐fluorothymidine (18F‐FLT) positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, Ki‐67, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining were performed to confirm tumor proliferation.Statistical TestsOne‐way or two‐way analysis of variance. P < 0.05 was considered a significant difference.ResultsThe diameter of the FR‐targeted nanoparticles was 108.8 ± 0.56 nm, and the zeta potential was –58.4 ± 10.8 mV. H460 cells incubated with FR‐targeted nanoparticles showed ∼59.87 ± 3.91% nanoparticles‐labeled, which is significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.001). The PFC concentration in H460 tumors after injection with FR‐targeted nanoparticles was 4.64 ± 1.21, 8.04 ± 1.38, and 9.16 ± 2.56 mmol/L at 8 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours, respectively (P < 0.05 compared to others). The ratio of 18F‐FLT uptake for H460 and A549 tumors was 3.32 ± 0.17 and 1.48 ± 0.09 (P < 0.05), and there was more Ki‐67 and PCNA in H460 tumor than A549.Data Conclusion19F MRI with FR‐targeted PFC nanoparticles can be used in differentiating of FR‐positive and FR‐negative tumors, and further, in evaluation of the two cancer models proliferation.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1617–1625
A delay‐rational model of electromagnetic interference on multiconductor transmission lines
Authors: Biello E. , Antonini G. , De Lauretis M. , Ekman J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMulticonductor transmission lines have found a wide range of applications, as power lines, as high‐speed interconnects, and as on‐chip interconnects. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can be described in terms of plane waves that couple to these lines, leading to unwanted disturbance. This paper presents a delayed spectral formulation for the analysis of plane‐wave coupling to multiconductor transmission lines in both the frequency and time domains, called the DeRaG‐EMI model (short for “delay‐rational model based on Green's functions for electromagnetic interference”). The model is based on Green's functions and is described in terms of delayed differential equations in the time domain. The model is suitable for studying the EMI on multiconductor transmission lines in the case of incident fields. The coupling of a plane wave to a line is described in terms of equivalent sources that account for both the delay of the line and the delays of the incoming plane wave. The delay is explicitly extracted and incorporated into the model with hyperbolic functions. The DeRaG‐EMI model does not require any segmentation of the line. Numerical results confirm its accuracy and its improved performance compared with the previous spectral model and with the inverse fast Fourier transform technique.
The influence of different soft‐tissue grafting procedures at single implant placement on esthetics: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zuiderveld Elise G. , Meijer Henny J.A. , Vissink Arjan , Raghoebar Gerry M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundSoft‐tissue grafting to thicken the soft tissue around dental implants was proposed to ameliorate the esthetic outcome. Traditionally, connective tissue is used as a grafting material, but a xenogeneic collagen matrix was introduced as an alternative to reduce patient morbidity.MethodsA total of 60 patients randomly received either no graft (n = 20, NG group), a connective tissue graft (n = 20, CTG group), or a xenogeneic collagen matrix (n = 20, XCM group) when an implant was placed in a preserved alveolar ridge. Changes in mid‐buccal mucosal level (MBML) at 1 (T1) and 12 (T12) months after final implant crown placement were compared to the pre‐extraction level. Additionally, esthetics, marginal bone level, clinical peri‐implant parameters, and patient satisfaction were assessed.ResultsAt T12, mean changes in MBML were –0.48 ± 1.5 mm, –0.04 ± 1.1 mm, and –0.17 ± 1.3 mm in the NG, CTG, and XCM groups (P = 0.56), respectively. Regarding the other outcome variables, no significant intergroup differences were observed.ConclusionsSoft‐tissue grafting at single implant placement in preserved alveolar ridges does not result in a better esthetic outcome or in better peri‐implant health and should not be considered as a standard procedure.