bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Pharmacy Database Methods for Determining Prevalent Chronic Medication Use
Authors: Anderson Timothy S. , Jing Bocheng , Wray Charlie M. , Ngo Sarah , Xu Edison , Fung Kathy , Steinman Michael A. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Pharmacy dispensing data are frequently used to identify prevalent medication use as a predictor or covariate in observational research studies. Although several methods have been proposed for using pharmacy dispensing data to identify prevalent medication use, little is known about their comparative performance.

Objectives:
The authors sought to compare the performance of different methods for identifying prevalent outpatient medication use.

Research Design:
Outpatient pharmacy fill data were compared with medication reconciliation notes denoting prevalent outpatient medication use at the time of hospital admission for a random sample of 207 patients drawn from a national cohort of patients admitted to Veterans Affairs hospitals. Using reconciliation notes as the criterion standard, we determined the test characteristics of 12 pharmacy database algorithms for determining prevalent use of 11 classes of cardiovascular and diabetes medications.

Results:
The best-performing algorithms included a 180-day fixed look-back period approach (sensitivity, 93%; specificity, 97%; and positive predictive value, 89%) and a medication-on-hand approach with a grace period of 60 days (sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 97%; and positive predictive value, 91%). Algorithms that have been commonly used in previous studies, such as defining prevalent medications to include any medications filled in the prior year or only medications filled in the prior 30 days, performed less well. Algorithm performance was less accurate among patients recently receiving hospital or nursing facility care.

Conclusion:
Pharmacy database algorithms that balance recentness of medication fills with grace periods performed better than more simplistic approaches and should be considered for future studies which examine prevalent chronic medication use.
Exploring the Professional Responsibility Concern Process
Authors: Raymond Christy , Toloiy Raechelle , Bergman Joshua 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Registered nurses are pivotal in the analysis, recognition, and reporting of patient safety issues before harm occurs to patients. Little has been written about the relationship between the professional responsibility of reporting safety concerns and the processes that exist.

Problem:
More needs to be known about how nurses can best report factors in work environments that impact patient safety. Learning more about processes that exist amidst literature that illuminates the issues related to reporting and patient safety culture is needed. Also, best practice or key exemplars depicting how professional responsibility has been implemented are needed. Limited has been written exploring professional responsibility concern processes in Canada and internationally.

Approach:
We completed a case study exploration comprising a public facing Web site scan of information about professional responsibility-like processes across Canada, as well as an extensive literature search exploring factors that are linked with nurse reporting of patient safety concerns.

Conclusion:
Themes from related literature identify patient safety culture, leadership qualities, communication, positive nurse factors, speaking up, and whistle-blowing as important aspects that facilitate, or are related to, the ability for nurses to express professional responsibility concerns. Alberta has a well-developed system of reporting such concerns; however, the lack of research and literature on these topics requires additional focus in nursing internationally.
Increasing the Rate of Documentation of Security Interventions in the Emergency Department
Authors: Duncan Jill , Brown Nathan J. , Lock Caitlin , Trudgett Scott , Rothwell Sean , Rosengren David , Hughes James A. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Security interventions in aggressive and violent patients in the emergency department (ED) are not always documented in the clinical record, which can compromise the effectiveness of communication, and increase clinical risks.

Local Problem:
Fewer than half of all security interventions are documented in the clinical record.

Methods:
The study had a pre- and posttest design including a retrospective audit of patient medical records and a staff survey.

Intervention:
A dedicated sticker, to be completed by nursing and security staff, was placed into the clinical notes as a record of the security intervention.

Results:
From 1 month before to 1 month after implementation, the rate of documentation of security interventions in clinical notes increased from 43.3% to 68.8% (P = .01), and was maintained for 3 months after implementation.

Conclusions:
The rate of documentation of ED security interventions in clinical notes can be increased by encouraging clinicians and security staff to collaborate and share documentation responsibilities.
Reactive Depression: Lost in Translation!
Authors: Showraki Mostafa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The old classification of depression as reactive and endogenous, which are still observed in clinical practice, both cannot be accommodated under the current rubric of major depression. This is because psychiatric nosology under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and its latest fifth edition (DSM-V) is still descriptive and not etiologic. The aim of this review was to revisit reactive and endogenous categories of depression from the perspective of today's understanding of etiological pathways. From an epigenetic perspective, the old dichotomy of reactive versus endogenous is interrelated through the impact of the environment (e.g., stress). This includes familial or prenatal depression, where the environmental impact is before birth, or childhood depression, where the early life stress is the precipitating factor to genetic susceptibility. In conclusion, searching for both environmental impact (e.g., stressors) and genetic predispositions in depression, even at a clinical level, could help clinicians with better therapeutic decisions.
Is Today's 21st Century Burnout 19th Century's Neurasthenia?
Authors: Lipsitt Don R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This essay addresses the relevance of the concept of “burnout” to concerns about the mental and physical health of today's physicians and those training to join the medical profession. Comparisons are made with the diagnosis of neurasthenia in the 19th century. Social contributors to and the influence of stress on the phenomena in each instance are presented.
The Aspirations for a Paradigm Shift in DSM-5
Authors: Zachar Peter , Regier Darrel A. , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The initial plans for the DSM-5 revision envisioned a paradigm shift away from traditional diagnostic categories. However, plans for a major move from descriptive to etiologic diagnoses were quickly abandoned as infeasible. Support was much broader for adding dimensional/spectrum constructs to the categorical diagnoses, although this was interpreted in various ways. Delegation of substantial autonomy to work groups with modest central coordination was seen as problematic by some work groups and positively by others. Controversies emerged around the standards for diagnostic change, and the degree to which the same standards should be used across diagnostic groups. The Summit Group was given the final task of trying to forge a consensus among the various review groups. We conclude with thoughts about the difficulty of trying to revise an entire manual all at once and the desirability of developing clear rules for change at the outset of such a diagnostic project.
Religious Insanity
Authors: Geppert Cynthia M.A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAmong the more common admission diagnoses of patients admitted to 19th century American asylums that have now disappeared completely from the psychiatric nosology is “religious insanity.” This article presents a review of the historical and sociological research, which suggests the theory that religious belief and practice was a common cause of insanity, hence the diagnosis of “religious insanity.” The way in which the diagnosis developed at the intersection of Protestant revival movements and the growth of modern asylum psychiatry in the United States, and thereby served several important functions in psychiatry and society, is discussed. The article concludes with reflections on how the rise and fall of the theory of religion as a primary cause or contributor to insanity in the 19th century mirrors the often conflicted relationship between religion and psychiatry in modern history and the difficulty in drawing scientifically reliable and morally justifiable lines between spiritual experience and mental illness in any cultural period.
Melancholia
Authors: Martino Diego J. , Szmulewicz Alejandro G. , Valerio Marina P. , Parker Gordon 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We sought to identify clinical features that best discriminate melancholia from nonmelancholic depressive conditions. An extensive review of studies using latent factor models that identified a melancholic depression dimension/factor was undertaken. Clinical variables extracted from these studies were analyzed in terms of their contribution to a diagnosis of melancholia and their consistency across studies. Psychomotor retardation and mood nonreactivity were the most relevant clinical features for the identification of melancholic depressions. Other clinical features commonly described as weighted to melancholia, such as anhedonia, psychomotor agitation, late insomnia, or appetite/weight loss, seemed less useful in distinguishing these subtypes of depression. Study results are considered in relation to the potential limitations of current operational definitions of melancholia, and how symptom sets could be modified.
Traumatic Hystero-Neurasthenia in Professor Charcot's Leçons du Mardi
Authors: Yrondi Antoine , Taib Simon , Dupuch Laetitia , Schmitt Laurent , Very Etienne , Birmes Philippe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAt the end of the 19th century, several authors became interested in the physical and psychological symptoms resulting from traumatic life events. Oppenheim presented 42 detailed clinical observations. He suggested the term “traumatic neurosis.” Charcot, who was interested in male hysteria, published over 20 cases of traumatic hysteria between 1878 and 1893. The symptoms were considered to have a dynamic or functional origin. The role of horror and terror during the trauma was emphasized. However, Charcot opposed the idea of traumatic neuroses as specific syndromes as he considered them to be only an etiological form of hystero-neurasthenia. InThe Tuesday Lessons(Les Leçons du Mardi), he presents several observations. They are surprising when compared with the current criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although he had rejected this new entity, a hundred years before the appearance of theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, Charcot described most of the symptoms mentioned for a diagnosis of PTSD such as intrusion (reliving the trauma, nightmares, and severe emotional distress), avoidance, negative changes in thinking and mood (negative thoughts, lack of interest, etc.), arousal, and reactivity (trouble sleeping, trouble concentrating, being easily startled or frightened, irritability, etc.).
Methods Used to Maximize Follow-Up: Lessons Learned From the Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Trials*
Authors: Gildea Marianne R. , Moler Frank W. , Page Kent , Meert Kathleen , Holubkov Richard , Dean J. Michael , Christensen James R. , Slomine Beth S. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
To describe telephone interview completion rates among 12-month cardiac arrest survivors enrolled in the Therapeutic Hypothermia after Pediatric Cardiac Arrest In-Hospital and Out-of-Hospital trials, identify key characteristics of the completed follow-up interviews at both 3- and 12-month postcardiac arrest, and describe strategies implemented to promote follow-up.

Setting:
Centralized telephone follow-up interviews.

Design:
Retrospective report of data collected for Therapeutic Hypothermia after Pediatric Cardiac Arrest trials, and summary of strategies used to maximize follow-up completion.

Patients:
Twelve-month survivors (n = 251) from 39 Therapeutic Hypothermia after Pediatric Cardiac Arrest PICU sites in the United States, Canada, and United Kingdom.

Interventions:
Not applicable.

Measurements and Main Results:
The 3- and 12-month telephone interviews included completion of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition data were available on 96% of 3-month survivors (242/251) and 95% of 12-month survivors (239/251) with no differences in demographics between those with and without completed Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition. At 12 months, a substantial minority of interviews were completed with caregivers other than parents (10%), after calls attempts were made on 6 or more days (18%), and during evenings/weekends (17%). Strategies included emphasizing the relationship between study teams and participants, ongoing communication between study team members across sites, promoting site engagement during the study’s final year, and withholding payment for work associated with the primary outcome until work had been completed.

Conclusions:
It is feasible to use telephone follow-up interviews to successfully collect detailed neurobehavioral outcome about children following pediatric cardiac arrest. Future studies should consider availability of the telephone interviewer to conduct calls at times convenient for families, using a range of respondents, ongoing engagement with site teams, and site payment related to primary outcome completion.
Neural Tract Injuries Revealed by Diffusion Tensor Tractography in a Patient With Severe Heat Stroke
Authors: Chang Min Cheol , Lee Jun , Kwak Soyoung 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Neurologic sequelae of heat stroke are prevalent among patients with severe heat stroke who require admission to an intensive care unit. Radiologic diagnosis of the condition is challenging because not every patient with clinical deficits shows abnormalities in computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. In this case review, we report a patient who had been diagnosed with a severe heat stroke and showed gait disturbance, language disorder, and cognitive impairment although conventional magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal significant findings that correlated with his symptoms. Diffusion tensor tractography has been reported to be a useful tool for evaluating the neural status of white matter tracts across a wide range of conditions. The corticospinal tract, the corticoreticular pathway, the cingulum, the fornix, the medial lemniscus, and the arcuate fasciculus of the patient were reconstructed using diffusion tensor tractography. A narrowing, discontinuation, and decreased fractional anisotropy and fiber volume of the examined neural tracts were observed, which correlated well with his symptoms. These results suggest that diffusion tensor tractography might be a useful tool for the detection of neurologic deficits even when conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging reveals no significant abnormality and in establishing appropriate rehabilitation strategies for patients with neurologic symptoms after a heat stroke.
Strength and Range of Motion in the Contralateral Side to Pain and Pain-Free Regions in Unilateral Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain Patients
Authors: Kahlaee Amir Hossein , Ghamkhar Leila , Nourbakhsh Mohammad Reza , Arab Amir Massoud 
Published: August 2019

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine whether strength and range of motion deficits are present in patients with unilateral chronic neck pain at contralateral side to pain and at other regions.

Design
Forty-nine patients with unilateral chronic neck pain and 98 asymptomatic subjects participated in this case-control study. Range of motion and muscle strength of the cervical, shoulder, trunk, and hip regions were assessed bilaterally using inclinometer and dynamometer, respectively.

Results
Chronic neck pain patients demonstrated reduced cervical, shoulder, and trunk range of motion in their ipsilateral side to pain comparing the asymptomatic participants (P < 0.05). The ipsilateral side to pain cervical and shoulder range of motion were also significantly lower than the contralateral side to pain (P < 0.05). Significant differences were also observable in the contralateral side to pain comparing the asymptomatic group (P < 0.05). Cervical, shoulder, and scapulothoracic muscles were found weaker both in the ipsilateral side to pain and contralateral side to pain comparing the asymptomatic group (P < 0.05). Ipsilateral side to pain and contralateral side to pain in hip flexors were also found to be significantly weaker than the asymptomatic group (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
The results revealed range of motion and strength deficits in the pain-free regions of the body in unilateral chronic neck pain patients. Findings support the regional interdependence theory and emphasize the need for managing seemingly intact neighboring and more remote regions in unilateral chronic neck pain patients.
Preliminary Study of the Effect of Training With a Gaming Balance Board on Balance Control in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Hsieh Hsieh-Chun 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveA new protocol based on the use of a gaming balance board for children with cerebral palsy was tested.DesignA total of 56 children with cerebral palsy were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. The children in experimental group underwent 12 wks of rehabilitation using their foot to play personal computer games with the proposed balance board, whereas those in the control group played personal computer games with a computer mouse in the standing position. Balance control was assessed before and after the intervention using the Zebris FDM System for measuring the center of pressure. The Pediatric Balance Scale and 2-min walk test were used for evaluating functional balance.ResultsIn the analysis of covariance, the proposed new balance board used for the personal computer games decreased the postural sway (sway path,F= 6.95,P= 0.011; sway area,F= 11.79,P= 0.001) and improved the performance of the functional balance tests.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the possibility that this new gaming balance board can be used for balance control in children with cerebral palsy.
The Certainty Behind Reporting a Significance Result
Authors: Kumbhare Dinesh , Alavinia Seyed Mohammad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThePvalue is the most common method used in medical literature for the result of a statistical test. It is the probability of the data with a true null hypothesis and is calculated using a formal statistical test after the appropriate model has been determined to analyze study data. ThePvalue is dependent on the effect size, sample size, and a measure of variability within the outcomes. For many years, thePvalue has been set at 0.05, which is an arbitrary cutoff. It is important to understand that setting the cutoff at 0.05 may be correct for some study designs but not in others. Therefore, we recommend that in addition to thePvalue, another metric should be reported that specifies the magnitude of the effect such as effect size, confidence interval of the effect size, or fragility index.
Rehabilitation After Complete Hemisensory Loss
Authors: Kaner Mahmut T. , Hon Emily , He Tammy , Patira Riddhi , Altschuler Eric L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The role and function that proprioception plays in movement and motor learning have been debated since the 19th century but can be difficult to isolate and study. Lesions at various points along the proprioceptive pathway result in afferent paresis that can be significantly disabling. Compensatory mechanisms can help with successful rehabilitation and provide an opportunity to study the role of these mechanisms in sensory feedback. Here, we present two cases of adult patients with complete hemisensory loss after a stroke: one patient with a cortical stroke and the other one with a thalamic stroke. First, we see that that motor learning can occur without proprioception, with the help of visual feedback. Second, proprioception plays an important role in movement: in the upper limb, it can facilitate individual finger movements, and in the lower limb, it maintains sufficient knee flexion to prevent the knee from going into recurvatum (backward bending) during ambulation.
Ultrasound Imaging and Rehabilitation of Muscle Disorders
Authors: Chang Ke-Vin , Wu Wei-Ting , Özçakar Levent 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Ultrasound imaging has several advantages that include the absence of radiation, portability, excellent resolution of neuromuscular structures, and the ability to perform dynamic examinations. Traumatic muscle injury can be comprehensively evaluated using static, dynamic, and Doppler ultrasound imaging. In the present review, we briefly discuss mechanisms of traumatic muscle injury, present ultrasound images of normal muscles, focus on ultrasound assessment of injured muscles, and concisely discuss treatment and rehabilitation options for muscle injuries.
Disaster Rehabilitation Response Plan
Authors: Amatya Bhasker , Lee Su Yi , Galea Mary P. , Khan Fary 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
There is a strong consensus among humanitarian response authorities for a need for global action by professional organizations to work toward developing a structured approach to provide a coordinated international response during sudden-onset disasters. The aim of this report was to develop a Disaster Rehabilitation Response Plan to enable International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine to provide leadership and governance role in liaison/coordination with the WHO emergency medical team initiative and other relevant stakeholders to provide rehabilitation input during sudden-onset disasters. The proposed plan uses a “three-tier approach”: tier 1, immediate disaster response at a national/international level; tier 2, organization and deployment of rehabilitation personnel; and tier 3, rehabilitation management of disaster survivors and community reintegration. The International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (and its subcommittee, the Disaster Rehabilitation Committee), categorized in the tier 2, could provide central leadership role working for the rehabilitation subcluster within the WHO emergency medical team initiative (tier 1) and support in coordination, preparation, and management of rehabilitation teams and/or members for deployment to sudden-onset disasters. The Disaster Rehabilitation Committee could also contribute to advocacy, training, and accreditation processes for rehabilitation professionals. The challenge ahead is commitment of countries worldwide to develop comprehensive rehabilitation-inclusive approach to ensure effective delivery of services to communities at risk.