bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orange peels: from by‐product to resource through lactic acid fermentation
Authors: Ricci Annalisa , Diaz Ana Belen , Caro Ildefonso , Bernini Valentina , Galaverna Gianni , Lazzi Camilla , Blandino Ana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsidering the large amounts of by‐products derived from orange processing, which are generally discarded, the present study aimed to explore the feasibility of using orange peel for lactic acid production in solid state fermentation.RESULTSDifferent species of lactic acid bacteria were employed, singly and in co‐culture, to evaluate their ability to ferment orange peel and produce lactic acid. Among the single cultures tested, Lactobacillus casei 2246 was the most efficient strain, reaching the highest concentration of lactic acid (209.65 g kg−1) and yield (0.88 g g−1). The use of Lactobacillus plantarum 285 and Lactobacillus paracasei 4186 in co‐culture produced a comparable amount of lactic acid, showing a better performance than the same strains in single cultures.CONCLUSIONOrange peels represent a suitable raw material for solid state fermentation employing lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid was obtained that consumed the most of sugars available, leading to high yields. Despite all the strains tested showing the same growth ability, different peculiarities in lactic acid production were revealed, dependent on the species/strains, suggesting the relevance of strain selection. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Safety and quality issues in summer squashes using handheld portable NIRS sensors for real‐time decision making and for on‐vine monitoring
Authors: Entrenas José‐Antonio , Pérez‐Marín Dolores , Torres Irina , Garrido‐Varo Ana , Sánchez María‐Teresa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPortable handheld near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) instruments currently present enormous advantages in terms of size, weight, and robustness. They also provide fast, precise information that can be obtained in situ, and they represent a viable option for controlling vegetable safety and quality during the growth period. The aim of this research was to evaluate three handheld portable NIRS instruments for in situ and real‐time analysis of intact summer squashes. Traditional methods were used to analyze 221 summer squashes, and this work was used to develop calibration models for morphological, safety, and quality parameters. The longitudinal distribution of nitrate content in summer squashes weighing over 400 g was also studied, and the evolution of this parameter during the harvest period was tracked to determine which summer squashes and which zones of the vegetables (peduncle, equatorial, or stylar) could be earmarked for baby‐food production.RESULTSThe robustness of the calibration models confirmed the expectations raised by NIRS technology for morphological, safety, and quality control of individual summer squashes, and the models developed with the MicroNIR‐1700 instrument were those that provided more accuracy and precision, being the peduncle zone the part with higher nitrate content.CONCLUSIONSIt is in the peduncle zone, therefore, where measurements of this parameter must be carried out to decide on the destination of the harvested product. Summer squashes picked at the end of the harvest are those that must be used for baby‐food production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Management of arteriovenous malformation of the ear: A protocol for resection and reconstruction
Authors: Vilela Chagas Ferreira Marina , Goldenberg Dov Charles , Kharmandayan Vania , Gemperli Rolf 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveArteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the ear show unique features. Progressive growth or inadequate management of AVMs may lead to bleeding, infection, cartilage exposure, and ultimately loss of structure. Total ear amputation is an alternative; however, due to the structural complexity of the ear, reconstruction is technically challenging. This study presents a treatment algorithm based on a clinical series, with treatment options including resection and immediate and late reconstruction.MethodsBetween 2004 and 2018, 12 patients with auricular AVMs were treated with AVM resection and ear reconstruction at our hospital. Among these 12 patients, seven were women, and patients’ ages ranged between 4 and 34 years. Parameters considered before resection and reconstruction were compromised ear extension (partial, total, or extra‐auricular involvement), thickness (cutaneous and cartilaginous), symptoms (bleeding, infection, ulceration, and/or cartilage exposure), and preoperative embolization. Total resection of AVMs was planned as the first step in all cases, followed by primary closure. AVM resection was categorized into a partial or total procedure, resulting in partial or total ear defects. Reconstruction was categorized as immediate or delayed.ResultsPreoperative embolization was performed in 10 patients. AVMs were totally removed, resulting in seven total ear amputations. In six of these patients, total ear reconstruction was performed 6 months later, and all patients were recurrence‐free. Only one patient did not undergo ear reconstruction. Regrowth was not observed in any reconstructed ear.ConclusionTreatment of ear AVMs requires a planned approach to achieve favorable clinical outcomes and for concomitant safe and definitive reconstruction.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:1322–1326, 2020
Microbial food webs in hypertrophic fishponds: Omnivorous ciliate taxa are major protistan bacterivores
Authors: Šimek Karel , Grujčić Vesna , Nedoma Jiří , Jezberová Jitka , Šorf Michal , Matoušů Anna , Pechar Libor , Posch Thomas , Bruni Estelle P. , Vrba Jaroslav 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite the importance of shallow lakes worldwide, knowledge of microbial components, the base of their food webs, remains scarce. To close this gap, we investigated planktonic microbial food webs, in particular protistan bacterivory (for both ciliates and heterotrophic nanoflagellates [HNF]), in 10 shallow hypertrophic fishponds in South Bohemia (Czech Republic). We used fluorescently labeled bacteria as bacterivory tracers to estimate how abundant protistan populations in fishponds (4–25 × 103 HNF mL−1 and 55–770 ciliates mL−1) contribute to total bacterial mortality. Fluorescence microscopy, innovative image processing tools, and quantitative protargol staining were combined to detect major bacterivorous and omnivorous ciliate taxa. We quantified bacterial production, bacterivory by individual ciliate species, total ciliates, and total protistan bacterivory in all fishponds. On average, ciliate bacterivory was comparable to that of HNF, accounting for 56% and 44% of total protistan grazing, respectively. We found that primarily bacterivorous Peritrichia (genera Vorticella, Epistylis) and Scuticociliata (Cyclidium spp.) contributed only moderately (mean 26%) to total ciliate bacterivory. Unexpectedly, but highly abundant omnivorous Halteria/Pelagohalteria (Stichotrichia) and, to a lesser extent, also omnivorous Rimostrombidium spp. (Oligotrichia) contributed significantly more (mean 71%) to total ciliate bacterivory than typical bacterivorous taxa. This suggests that unselective grazers, which feed on a broader size spectrum from bacteria to small algae, may have a considerable competitive advantage in hypertrophic environments rich in small particles. Moreover, a meta‐analysis of available literature data supports our hypothesis that the role of ciliate bacterivory increases significantly, relative to HNF bacterivory, along a trophic gradient toward hypertrophic habitats.
On cardinal characteristics of Yorioka ideals
Authors: Cardona Miguel A. , Mejía Diego A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractYorioka introduced a class of ideals (parametrized by reals) on the Cantor space to prove that the relation between the size of the continuum and the cofinality of the strong measure zero ideal on the real line cannot be decided in . We construct a matrix iteration of c.c.c. posets to force that, for many ideals in that class, their associated cardinal invariants (i.e., additivity, covering, uniformity and cofinality) are pairwise different. In addition, we show that, consistently, the additivity and cofinality of Yorioka ideals does not coincide with the additivity and cofinality (respectively) of the ideal of Lebesgue measure zero subsets of the real line.
Beyond endorsements: The effect of celebrity Creative Directors on consumers’ attitudes toward the advertisement
Authors: Fowler Kendra , Thomas Veronica L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMarketers are beginning to expand the roles that celebrities play in support of brands. Connections now go beyond the typical endorsement relationship to employing celebrities as Creative Directors. Study 1 demonstrates celebrity Creative Directors, as opposed to merely endorsers, result in increased attitudes toward the advertisement; an effect mediated by consumer perceptions of celebrity expertize and attenuated by skepticism toward advertising. Study 2 further investigates this phenomenon by considering whether it is the title of Creative Director that results in increased attitudes toward the advertisement or if consumers need to be made aware of the responsibilities associated with such a role. Results from Study 2 suggest that merely bestowing a celebrity with the title of Creative Director is not sufficient to enhance attitudes, the duties performed by the celebrity Creative Director must be made explicit.
Interface‐Hybridization‐Enhanced Photothermal Performance of Polypyrrole/Polydopamine Heterojunctions on Porous Nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Jixi , Wang Shuai , Xing Yuxin , Zhou Wei , Zhang Jixi , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhotothermal conversion agents (PTCAs) based on π‐conjugated polymers are promising for cancer therapy, but the alteration of bandgap energies toward boosted photothermal properties remains challenging. Herein, polymer PTCAs with heterojunctions of a binary optical component are developed by interface hybridization on porous particles. Specifically, polypyrrole (PPy) nanodomains are successfully hosted on the wet‐adhesive surface of mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles through the loading and polymerization of pyrrole in the confined pore space (≈5.0 nm). The near‐infrared absorbing polymers in the heterojunctions possess similar five‐membered heterocyclic rings and can interact mutually to generate photoinduced electron transfer (PET). Such a large‐area optoelectronic interaction progressively reduces the bandgap energy (down to 0.56 eV) by increasing the doped amount of PPy, which consequently enhances the extinction coefficient and photothermal conversion efficiency by 4.6‐ and 2.2‐fold, respectively. Notably, the hybrid PTCA exhibits good biocompatibility, photocytotoxicity, and great potential for cancer therapy.
Application of Luminescent Netting in Traps to Improve the Catchability of the Snow Crab Chionoecetes opilio
Authors: Nguyen Khanh Q. , Winger Paul D. , Wood Jessica , Donovan Meghan , Humborstad Odd-Børre , Løkkeborg Svein , Bayse Shannon M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study, we investigated luminescent netting as a means to improve the catch rates of snow crabs Chionoecetes opilio. A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the intensity and duration of luminescence using time-lapse photography. We exposed experimental traps to five different treatments of UV light to excite the luminescent fibers in the netting. Our results showed that luminescent netting can be effectively activated to emit light, and that the resulting intensity and duration of luminescence emitted over time depends on the initial duration of UV exposure and the source of light. A fishing experiment was subsequently conducted in eastern Canada to compare the catch rate of traditional and luminescent traps, and to determine how soak time affected catch rate. Results indicate that the effect of luminescent traps on the CPUE (measured as number of crab per trap) depended on the soak time. The CPUE was significantly higher (a 55% increase) in luminescent traps that underwent relatively short soak times (~1 d), but when soak times were longer (~8 d), the CPUE was not significantly different.
Effects of chromosome 9 inversion on IVF/ICSI: A 7‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liang Shanshan , Yang Jianzhi , Wu Haixia , Teng Xiaoming , Duan Tao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study focused on the outcomes of patients with pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 who underwent IVF/ICSI and fresh day 2 or day 3 embryo transfer and the possible impacts of carrier gender and chromosome karyotype on pregnancy outcomes.MethodsA total of 214 couples (107 couples with one pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 in one partner [Group 1], 107 couples with normal karyotypes [Group 2]) underwent their first IVF/ICSI treatment and were included in this study. Oocyte number, normal fertilization rates, abnormal fertilization rates, cleavage rates, embryo utilization rates, fresh embryo transfer rates, clinical pregnancy rates (CPR), implantation rates, miscarriage rates, and live birth rates per embryo transfer (LBR) were compared between groups.ResultsGroup 1 did not show any disadvantage when compared with Group 2. The CPR and LBR were similar between all groups. The female carrier group had a higher normal fertilization rate and higher utilization rate than the male carrier group. Cases with inv(9)(p12;q13) had a lower utilization rate but a higher implantation rate than the remaining karyotypes.ConclusionIn the first IVF or ICSI cycle, couples with one pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 in one partner had satisfactory outcomes. The subgroup analysis showed a tendency of better prognosis for the female carrier and inv(9)(p12;q13) type.
A novel wideband perforated dielectric reflectarray
Authors: Xi Baokun , Xue Qianzhong , Cai Yang , Wang Yong , Yang Shaopeng , Zhang Rui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis work proposes a new methodology for widening the bandwidth of a reflectarray (RA) antenna. The narrow impedance of the conventional dielectric RA can be effectively widened on the basis of the gradual impedance matching principle. A multilayer element can realize impedance matching to free space by suitably choosing the different diameters in different layers of the drilled air‐vias. Besides, a series of air‐vias with varying diameters changes the resonance frequencies and partially overlapped bandwidth between one another, which results in widening the bandwidth. To validate the wideband RA antenna design, a circular RA prototype with diameter of 96 mm is simulated, fabricated, and measured. The measured RA exhibits an improved 1‐dB gain bandwidth of 18.4%. A peak gain of 25.18 dBi with maximum aperture efficiency of 52.18% is obtained. The significant experimental performance improvement confirms that bandwidth can be efficiently broadened by introducing the tapered scheme.
Real‐time direct diaphragm tracking using kV imaging on a standard linear accelerator
Authors: Hindley Nicholas , Keall Paul , Booth Jeremy , Shieh Chun‐Chien 
Published: July 2019

PurposeAs the predominant driver of respiratory motion, the diaphragm represents a key surrogate for motion management during the irradiation of thoracic cancers. Existing approaches to diaphragm tracking often produce phase‐based estimates, suffer from lateral side failures or are not executable in real‐time. In this paper, we present an algorithm that continuously produces real‐time estimates of three‐dimensional (3D) diaphragm position using kV images acquired on a standard linear accelerator.MethodsPatient‐specific 3D diaphragm models were generated via automatic segmentation on end‐exhale four‐dimensional‐computed tomography (4D‐CT) images. The estimated trajectory of diaphragmatic motion, referred to as the principal motion vector, was obtained by registering end‐exhale to end‐inhale 4D‐CT images. Two‐dimensional (2D) diaphragm masks were generated by forward‐projecting 3D models over the complement of angles spanned during kV image acquisition. For each kV image, diaphragm position was determined by shifting angle‐matched 2D masks along the principal motion vector and selecting the position of highest contrast on a vertical difference image. Retrospective analysis was performed using 22 cone beam CT (CBCT) image sequences for six lung cancer patients across two datasets. Given the current lack of objective ground truth for diaphragm position, our algorithm was evaluated by examining its ability to track implanted markers. Simple linear regression was used to construct 3D marker motion models and estimation errors were computed as the difference between estimated and ground truth marker positions. Additionally, Pearson correlation coefficients were used to characterize diaphragm‐marker correlation.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation of the estimation errors across all image sequences was −0.1 ± 0.7 mm, −0.1 ± 1.8 mm and 0.2 ± 1.4 mm in the LR, SI, and AP directions respectively. The 95th percentile of the absolute errors ranged over 0.5–3.1 mm, 1.6–6.7 mm, and 1.2–4.0 mm in the LR, SI, and AP directions, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation of diaphragm‐marker correlations over all image sequences was −0.07 ± 0.57, 0.67 ± 0.49, and 0.29 ± 0.52 in the LR, SI, and AP directions, respectively. Diaphragm‐marker correlation was observed to be highly dependent on marker position. Mean correlation along the SI axis ranged over 0.91–0.93 for markers situated in the lower lobes of the lung, while correlations ranging over −0.51–0.79 were observed for markers situated in the upper and middle lobes.ConclusionThis work advances a new approach to real‐time direct diaphragm tracking in realistic treatment scenarios. By achieving continuous estimates of diaphragmatic motion, the proposed method has applications for both markerless tumor tracking and respiratory binning in 4D‐CBCT.
Equine chorionic gonadotropin increases estradiol levels in the bovine oviduct and drives the transcription of genes related to fertilization in superstimulated cows
Authors: Fontes Patricia K. , Razza Eduardo M. , Pupulim Antônio G. R. , Barros Ciro M. , de Souza Castilho Anthony C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the bovine oviduct, estradiol (E2) stimulates secretion and cell proliferation, whereas progesterone (P4) suppresses them. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of two superstimulatory protocols (follicle‐stimulating hormone [FSH] or FSH combined with equine chorionic gonadotropin [eCG]) on the oviductal levels of E2 and P4 and its outcome on oviductal cells. Compared with the control group (a single pre‐ovulatory follicle), we have observed that the cows submitted to FSH/eCG treatment showed a higher concentration of E2 in the oviduct tissue, together with a higher abundance of messenger RNA encoding steroid receptors (ESR1 and progesterone receptor), and genes linked to gamete interactions and regulation of polyspermy (oviduct‐specific glycoprotein 1, heat‐shock protein family A member 5, α‐l‐fucosidase 1 [FUCA1], and FUCA2) in the infundibulum and ampulla segments of the oviduct. However, we did not observe any modulation of gene expression in the isthmus segment. Even though the FSH protocol upregulated some of the genes analyzed, we may infer that the steady effect of FSH combined with eCG on oviduct regulation might benefit fertilization and may potentially increase pregnancy rates.
Autophagy and Cathepsin D mediated apoptosis contributing to ovarian follicular atresia in the Nile tilapia
Authors: Sales Camila Ferreira , Melo Rafael Magno Costa , Pinheiro Ana Paula Barbosa , Luz Ronald Kennedy , Bazzoli Nilo , Rizzo Elizete 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFollicular atresia is a hormonally controlled degenerative process involving apoptosis of the somatic and germ cells. Since different signaling pathways can induce cell death, the aim of the present study was to investigate cell death signaling and crosstalk between autophagic, apoptotic, and lysosomal proteins during follicular atresia in Nile tilapia. For this, females were kept in controlled conditions for 21 days, and ovary samples were collected weekly. The atretic follicles (AF) were analyzed in three regression phases: Early, advanced, and late. Under electron microscopy, the follicular cells exhibited numerous protein synthesis organelles in the early AF. Immunoreactivity for Bcl2, Beclin1, Lc3, and Cathepsin D increased significantly in advanced AF (p < .001), when follicular cells were in intense yolk phagocytosis. In this phase, autophagosomes and autolysosomes were frequently observed. In the late AF, follicular cells had a markedly electron‐lucid cytoplasm and immunoreactivity for Bax and TUNEL assay indicated an elevated apoptosis rate. Colocalisation of Lamp1/Cathepsin D and Lc3/Caspase‐3 suggests dynamic crosstalk between the autophagy, apoptosis, and lysosome pathways. Taken together, the data indicate that autophagy plays a role in the homeostasis and clearance of the follicular cells preceding Cathepsin D mediated apoptosis during follicular atresia in Nile tilapia.
Implication of mu opioid receptor in the in vitro maturation of oocytes and its effects on subsequent fertilization and embryo development in mice
Authors: Olabarrieta Estibaliz , Totorikaguena Lide , Agirregoitia Naiara , Agirregoitia Ekaitz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOocyte maturation is the process by which immature oocytes acquire all the necessary characteristics for successful fertilization. The endogenous opioid peptides have been suggested to have a role modulating this process. However, little is known about its implication and the effect of exposing oocyte maturation to opioids on the subsequent fertilization and embryo development. Hence, in the present work, we focused on elucidating the function of the mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) in the modulation of the oocyte maturation. We analyzed the expression and localization of OPRM1 in mice oocytes and granulosa cells by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunocytochemistry. To observe the activity of the OPRM1, immature oocytes were incubated with morphine agonist and/or naloxone antagonist and we evaluated the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, as well as the effect on the subsequent fertilization and embryo development. OPRM1 was present in mice oocytes and granulosa cells, changing its expression pattern depending on the maturation stage. Moreover, morphine, modulating PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, helped oocytes to reach blastocyst stage, which was reverted by naloxone. These results propose the OPRM1 as a possible therapeutic target for in vitro maturation culture medium, as it could improve the blastocyst rates obtained in the actual reproduction assisted techniques.