bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disposition effect and multi-asset market dynamics
Authors: Ezzat Heba M. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Asset pricing dynamics in a multi-asset framework when investors’ trading exhibits the disposition effect is studied. The purpose of this paper is to explore asset pricing dynamics and the switching behavior among multiple assets.

Design/methodology/approach
The dynamics of complex financial markets can be best explored by following agent-based modeling approach. The artificial financial market is populated with traders following two heterogeneous trading strategies: the technical and the fundamental trading rules. By simulation, the switching behavior among multiple assets is investigated.

Findings
The proposed framework can explain important stylized facts in financial time series, such as random walk price dynamics, bubbles and crashes, fat-tailed return distributions, absence of autocorrelation in raw returns, persistent long memory of volatility, excess volatility, volatility clustering and power-law tails. In addition, asset returns possess fractal structure and self-similarity features; though the switching behavior is only allowed among the asset markets.

Practical implications
The model demonstrates stylized facts of most real financial markets. Thereafter, the proposed model can serve as a testbed for policy makers, scholars and investors.

Originality/value
To the best of knowledge, no research has been conducted to introduce the disposition effect to a multi-asset agent-based model.
Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 upregulates the expression of β‐defensin and ameliorates periodontal disease caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Kobatake Eiji , Kobayashi Ryoki , Kabuki Toshihide , Kurita‐Ochiai Tomoko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides play important roles in the innate immune system of various organisms, and they may also be considered to prevent the organisms from infections. In particular, β‐defensins, mainly produced in epithelial cells, are recognized as one of the major antimicrobial peptides in mammals, including humans. In this study, we showed that Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 (LH2171), one of the several species of lactic acid bacteria, upregulates the production of β‐defensins in oral epithelial cells in vitro. Moreover, LH2171 reduced the increase of proinflammatory cytokine expression, induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis stimulation, in gingival epithelial cells. These data suggested that LH2171 suppresses P. gingivalis‐induced inflammation by upregulating the expression of β‐defensins in gingival epithelial cells. We subsequently investigated the effects of LH2171 in vivo and revealed that β‐defensin expression was increased in the oral cavities of LH2171‐fed mice. Furthermore, LH2171 decreased alveolar bone loss, gingival inflammation, and amounts of P. gingivalis‐specific 16S ribosomal RNA in the gingiva of P. gingivalis‐inoculated mice. Taken together, our results showed that LH2171 upregulates the expression of β‐defensins in oral cavity, thereby decreasing the number of P. gingivalis consequently ameliorating the experimental periodontal disease.
Identification of an antilymphocyte transformation substance from Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Tanabe Taishi , Fukuzawa Hiroki , Amatatsu Yuki , Matsui Keigo , Ohtsuka Hiromichi , Maeda Yousuke , Sato Hisaaki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPasteurella multocida is one of the most important bacteria responsible for diseases of animals. Crude extracts from sonicated P. multocida strain Dainai‐1, which is serotype A isolated from bovine pneumonia, were found to inhibit proliferation of mouse spleen cells stimulated with Con A. The crude extract was purified by cation and anion exchange chromatography and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Its molecular weight was 27 kDa by SDS‐PAGE and it was named PM27. PM27 was found to inhibit proliferation of mouse spleen cells stimulated with Con A as effectively as did the crude extract; however, its activity was lost after heating to 100°C for 20 min. PM27 did not directly inhibit proliferation of HT‐2 cells, which are an IL‐2‐dependent T cell line, nor did it modify IL‐2 production by Con A‐stimulated mouse spleen cells. The N‐terminal amino acid sequence of PM27 was determined and BLAST analysis revealed its identity to uridine phosphorylase (UPase) from P. multocida. UPase gene from P. multocida Dainai‐1 was cloned into expression vector pQE‐60 in Escherichia coli XL‐1 Blue. Recombinant UPase (rUPase) tagged with His at the C‐terminal amino acid was purified with Ni affinity chromatography. rUPase was found to inhibit proliferation of mouse spleen cells stimulated with Con A; however, as was true for PM27, its activity was lost after heating to 100°C for 20 min. Thus, PM27/UPase purified from P. multocida has significant antiproliferative activity against Con A‐stimulated mouse spleen cells and may be a virulence factor.
Detection and isolation of tick‐borne bacteria (Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia spp.) in Amblyomma varanense ticks on lizard (Varanus salvator)
Authors: Supriyono  , Takano Ai , Kuwata Ryusei , Shimoda Hiroshi , Hadi Upik K. , Setiyono Agus , Agungpriyono Srihadi , Maeda Ken 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTicks are one of the arthropods that play an important role in the transmission of numerous pathogens to livestock and humans. We investigated the presence of tick‐borne bacteria in 23 Amblyomma varanense that fed on a water monitor (Varanus salvator) in Indonesia. Anaplasmataceae and borreliae were detected by PCR in 17.4% and 95.7% of ticks, respectively. “Candidatus Rickettsia sepangensis”, spotted fever group of Rickettsia, was detected in 21.7% of ticks. The water monitor is a common reptile that is widely encountered in city areas in Asian countries. Our results suggested that Am. varanense on water monitor in Indonesia harbored several kinds of bacteria.
Spontaneous mutations in a regulatory gene induce phenotypic heterogeneity and adaptation of Ralstonia solanacearum to changing environments
Authors: Perrier Anthony , Barlet Xavier , Rengel David , Prior Philippe , Poussier Stéphane , Genin Stéphane , Guidot Alice 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAn evolution experiment with the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum revealed that several adaptive mutations conferring enhanced fitness in plants arose in the efpR gene encoding a regulator of virulence and metabolic functions. In this study, we found that an efpR mutant systematically displays colonies with two morphotypes: the type S (‘smooth’, similar to the wild type) and the type EV (‘efpR variant’). We demonstrated that the efpH gene, a homologue of efpR, plays a key role in the control of phenotypic heterogeneity, the ΔefpR‐ΔefpH double mutant being stably locked into the EV type. Using mixed infection assays, we demonstrated that the type EV is metabolically more proficient than the type S and displays fitness gain in specific environments, whereas the type S has a better fitness into the plant environment. We provide evidence that this efpR‐dependent phenotypic heterogeneity is a general feature of strains of the R. solanacearum species complex and could occur in natural conditions. This study highlights the potential role of phenotypic heterogeneity in this plant pathogen as an adaptive trait to changing environments.
Beyond Circular Thinking: Geographies of Transit‐Oriented Development
Authors: Qviström Mattias , Luka Nik , De Block Greet 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTransit‐oriented development (TOD) plays a significant role within contemporary planning policies for ‘smart growth’ and sustainable development, particularly in Europe and North America. As a well‐rehearsed practice, this planning model is due for critical assessment and improvement in terms of its ability to incorporate dynamic and heterogeneous socio‐spatial processes as matters of concern. Analyses of the conditions for ‘making TOD work’ in the scholarly and professional literatures tend to focus on the ‘node’ and ‘place’ qualities. While elaborations on node analysis (primarily based on accessibility measurements) abound within empirical research, discussions of place‐specific assets are limited in scope and often spatially bounded by the circle defined by a 10‐minute walk. This essay examines the use of this generic ‘circle’ model, and how it normatively frames how place is understood in TOD studies. We argue that the circle enhances a Euclidean understanding of the site, which favours a static and homogeneous spatial analysis of accessibility and density rather than (other) place qualities relating to dynamic socio‐spatial processes. Finally, we argue that relational geography can facilitate an analysis of place qualities beyond the circle—one in which both the continuities and shifting settings of the wider context are meaningfully taken into consideration.
Impact of Weekly Teriparatide on the Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Hemodialysis Patients With Relatively Low Serum Parathyroid Hormone: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yamamoto Junya , Nakazawa Daigo , Nishio Saori , Ishikawa Yasunobu , Makita Minoru , Kusunoki Yoshihiro , Nagai So , Fujieda Yuichiro , Takahata Masahiko , Yamada Kanji , Yamamura Tsuyoshi , Yotsukura Akihiko , Saito Masanobu , Shimazaki Masaru , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdynamic bone disease in HD patients is characterized by skeletal resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) or suppression of PTH release, leading to a downregulated bone turnover and bone fracture. Hence, we examined the efficacy of weekly teriparatide for HD patients with low PTH indicating adynamic bone disease without a history of parathyroidectomy. Fifteen HD patients with low PTH were recruited in this prospective observational study. Of them, 10 received teriparatide for 12 months and five nontreated patients were enrolled as control. Primary outcomes were defined as the changes in bone mineral density and bone turnover markers. Bone mineral density at the lumbar spine increased by 3.7% and 2.5% at 6 and 12 months, respectively, and bone formation markers increased, while bone resorption markers did not change in the teriparatide group. At 12 months after teriparatide administration, endogenous PTH was secreted followed by the recovery of low bone turnover. 40% of patients in the teriparatide group dropped out due to adverse events and the most common adverse event was transient hypotension. This study suggests that weekly teriparatide for HD patients with low PTH in the absence of parathyroidectomy accelerates bone formation and bone turnover, leading to increased trabecular bone mass and secretion of endogenous PTH.
Mothers' experiences with complementary feeding: Conventional and baby‐led approaches
Authors: Swanepoel Libby , Henderson Justine , Maher Judith 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimLifelong eating behaviours are shaped in infancy with the introduction of solid foods (complementary feeding). A conventional approach to complementary feeding, encompassing spoon feeding of pureed foods, has long been the standard. Baby‐led weaning is a contemporary approach whereby the infant is encouraged to choose what and how much they eat. Mothers navigate decisions about what and how to introduce foods to their infant in diverse ways. This study set out to explore the complementary feeding approaches of women.MethodsA qualitative study utilising photovoice and focus groups generated data that provided insight into women's lived experiences of complementary feeding. Thirteen women were purposively sampled and data were analysed in line with descriptive phenomenology.ResultsThree recurrent themes emerged from the data. Women's approaches to complementary feeding were mediated by “trust,” “convenience” and making decisions that were “value based versus practical based.” Trust manifested in various forms including trusting the infant, trusting women's own instincts and the tension between social pressures and trust of self.ConclusionsDifferences between women following a conventional vs baby‐led approach were also seen in perceptions of convenience, and the decision‐making process. This study provides insight into how and why women choose certain feeding practices and can be used to better equip health professionals to work with new mothers in providing realistic and nuanced feeding support.
Validation of close‐kin mark–recapture (CKMR) methods for estimating population abundance
Authors: Ruzzante Daniel E. , McCracken Gregory R. , Førland Brage , MacMillan John , Notte Daniela , Buhariwalla Colin , Mills Flemming Joanna , Skaug Hans 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Knowing how many individuals there are in a population is a fundamental problem in the management and conservation of freshwater and marine fish. We compare abundance estimates (census size, Nc) in seven brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations using standard mark–recapture (MR) and the close‐kin mark–recapture (CKMR) method. Our purpose is to validate CKMR as a method for estimating population size.

Close‐kin mark–recapture is based on the principle that an individual's genotype can be considered a “recapture” of the genotypes of each of its parents. Assuming offspring and parents are sampled independently, the number of parent–offspring pairs (POPs) genetically identified in these samples can be used to estimate abundance. We genotyped (33 microsatellites) and aged c. 2,400 brook trout individuals collected over 5 consecutive years (2014–2018).

We provide an alternative interpretation of CKMR in terms of the Lincoln–Petersen estimator in which the parents are considered as tagging the offspring rather than the offspring “recapturing” the parents.

Despite various sources of uncertainty, we find close agreement between standard MR abundance estimates obtained through double‐pass electrofishing and CKMR estimates, which require information on age‐specific fecundity, and population‐ and age‐specific survival rates. Population sizes () are estimated to range between 300 and 6,000 adult individuals. Our study constitutes the first in situ validation of CKMR and establishes it as a useful method for estimating population size in aquatic systems where assumptions of random sampling and thorough mixing of individuals can be met.
Ethanol Exposure Impairs AMPK Signaling and Phagocytosis in Human Alveolar Macrophages: Role of Ethanol Metabolism
Authors: Kaphalia Lata , Srinivasan Mukund P. , Kakumanu Ramu D. , Kaphalia Bhupendra S. , Calhoun William J. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundChronic alcohol consumption impairs alveolar macrophage's (AM) function and increases risk for developing lung infection and pneumonia. However, the mechanism and metabolic basis of alcohol‐induced AM dysfunction leading to lung infection are not well defined, but may include altered ethanol (EtOH) and reactive oxygen species metabolism and cellular energetics. Therefore, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the formation of fatty acid ethyl esters [FAEEs, nonoxidative metabolites of EtOH], AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, and phagocytic function were examined in freshly isolated AM incubated with EtOH.MethodsAMs separated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained from normal volunteers were incubated with EtOH for 24 hours. AMPK signaling and ER stress were assessed using Western blotting, FAEEs by GC‐MS, oxidative stress by immunofluorescence using antibodies to 4‐hydroxynonenal, and phagocytosis by latex beads. Oxidative stress was also measured in EtOH‐treated AMs with/without AMPK activator [5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR)] or inhibitor (Compound C), and in AMs incubated with FAEEs. mRNA expression for interleukins (IL‐6 and IL‐8), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1, and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β was measured in AM treated with EtOH or FAEEs using RT‐PCR.ResultsEtOH exposure to AM increased oxidative stress, ER stress, and synthesis of FAEEs, decreased phosphorylated AMPK, and impaired phagocytosis. Attenuation or exacerbation of EtOH‐induced oxidative stress by AICAR or Compound C, respectively, suggests a link between AMPK signaling, EtOH metabolism, and related oxidative stress. The formation of FAEEs may contribute to EtOH‐induced oxidative stress as FAEEs also produced concentration‐dependent oxidative stress. An increased mRNA expression of IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 by FAEEs is key finding to suggest a metabolic basis of EtOH‐induced inflammatory response.ConclusionsEtOH‐induced impaired phagocytosis, oxidative stress, ER stress, and dysregulated AMPK signaling are plausibly associated with the formation of FAEEs and may participate in the pathogenesis of nonspecific pulmonary inflammation.
Effects of Acute Ethanol Administration on Brain Oxidative Status: The Role of Acetaldehyde
Authors: Baliño Pablo , Romero-Cano Ricard , Sánchez‐Andrés Juan Vicente , Valls Victoria , Aragón Carlos González , Muriach María 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundEthanol (EtOH), one of the most widely consumed substances of abuse, can induce brain damage and neurodegeneration. EtOH is centrally metabolized into acetaldehyde, which has been shown to be responsible for some of the neurophysiological and cellular effects of EtOH. Although some of the consequences of chronic EtOH administration on cell oxidative status have been described, the mechanisms by which acute EtOH administration affects the brain's cellular oxidative status and the role of acetaldehyde remain to be elucidated in detail.MethodsSwiss CD‐I mice were pretreated with the acetaldehyde‐sequestering agent d‐penicillamine (DP; 75 mg/kg, i.p.) or the antioxidant lipoic acid (LA; 50 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes before EtOH (2.5 g/kg, i.p.) administration. Animals were sacrificed 30 minutes after EtOH injection. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mRNA levels; GPx and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymatic activities; reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), glutamate, g‐L‐glutamyl‐L‐cysteine (Glut‐Cys), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations; and protein carbonyl group (CG) content were determined in whole‐brain samples.ResultsAcute EtOH administration enhanced GPx activity and the GSH/GSSG ratio, while it decreased GR activity and GSSG concentration. Pretreatment with DP or LA only prevented GPx activity changes induced by EtOH.ConclusionsAltogether, these results show the capacity of a single dose of EtOH to unbalance cellular oxidative homeostasis.
Reduced post‐operative urinary tract infection using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Scanlon Kate , Shakeshaft Anthony J. , Cox Michael R. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe incidence of post‐operative urinary tract infection (UTI) is frequently unknown or underestimated. Failure to recognize a clinical problem results in no action occurring to improve outcomes. The aims of this study were firstly to define the incidence of post‐operative UTI in general surgery patients using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP). Secondly to design and implement an intervention to reduce the incidence of post‐operative UTI and assess the extent of improvement.MethodsACS‐NSQIP data were collected and analysed from June 2015 to June 2016 and reported in the Semi Annual Report (SAR). A quality improvement programme was designed and implemented to manage the high incidence of UTI. The outcomes were assessed by the subsequent ACS‐NSQIP SAR.ResultsThe SAR in 2016 reported that Nepean Hospital as a significant outlier with an incidence of post‐operative UTI of 3.62% (odds ratio 2.21, confidence limits 1.51–3.44, P < 0.001). A hospital‐wide policy for catheter insertion in surgical patients was developed including: education, workshops, accreditation for aseptic technique for catheter insertion, reduced rates of insertion, reduced duration of use and improved catheter care. There was a significant improvement in the incidence of UTI (1.21%) reported by the 2018 SAR (odds ratio 1.01, confidence limits 0.64–1.60, P = 0.68).ConclusionsACS‐NSQIP identified a 2.2‐fold increased risk of post‐operative UTI. There was no increased risk of UTI after the programme to reduce UTI was introduced.
Short‐term physiological response to high‐frequency‐actuated pVAD support
Authors: Rebholz Mathias , Dual Seraina , Batliner Martin , Meboldt Mirko , Schmid Daners Marianne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVentricular assist devices (VADs) are an established treatment option for heart failure (HF). However, the devices are often plagued by material‐related hemocompatibility issues. In contrast to continuous flow VADs with high shear stresses, pulsatile VADs (pVADs) offer the potential for an endothelial cell coating that promises to prevent many adverse events caused by an insufficient hemocompatibility. However, their size and weight often precludes their intracorporeal implantation. A reduction of the pump body size and weight of the pump could be achieved by an increase in the stroke frequency while maintaining a similar cardiac output. We present a new pVAD system consisting of a pump and an actuator specifically designed for actuation frequencies of up to 240 bpm. In vitro and in vivo results of the short‐term reaction of the cardiovascular system show no significant changes in left ventricular and aortic pressure between actuation frequencies from 60 to 240 bpm. The aortic pulsatility increases when the actuation frequency is raised while the heart rate remains unaffected in vivo. These results lead us to the conclusion that the cardiovascular system tolerates short‐term increases of the pVAD stroke frequencies.
Effect of the outer stent position on efficacy after minimally invasive transscleral glaucoma gel stent implantation
Authors: Lenzhofer Markus , Strohmaier Clemens , Sperl Philipp , Hohensinn Melchior , Hitzl Wolfgang , Steiner Veit , Moussa Sarah , Motloch Karolina , Baca Björn , Krall Eva , Reitsamer Herbert A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeThe outer stent lumen can be located either deeper (in or under Tenon's layer) or more superficially in the conjunctival stroma after the transscleral XEN Glaucoma Gel Microstent (XEN‐GGM; Allergan Plc., USA) implantation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the postoperative conjunctival implant position on surgical success and intraocular pressure (IOP) after XEN‐GGM.MethodsProspective data from 66 consecutive open‐angle glaucoma eyes of 54 patients were collected preoperatively and 1 and 2 weeks, and 1, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The layer of implantation was determined in the first month postoperatively as intra‐ and subtenon or intraconjunctival depending on the location of the outer lumen of the stent in OCT (Visante OCT; Zeiss, Germany). Primary outcome measures were differences in relative IOP reduction at 12 months between the two groups. Further, complete and qualified surgical success, number of secondary needlings and number of IOP‐lowering medications and absolute IOP were assessed.ResultsRelative IOP reduction was higher in intra‐ and subtenon group (n = 37/66, 56%) at week 1 (−54% versus −19%, p < 0.001), week 2 (−39% versus −21%, p = 0.02), month 1 (−42% versus −28%, p = 0.035) and month 12 (−39% versus −24%, p = 0.024). The mean absolute IOP was lower in intra‐ and subtenon group at week 1 (10.8 [95%CI, 8.8–14.1] versus 16.6 [95%CI, 14.1–19.0] mmHg, p < 0.001) and months 12 (13.9 [95%CI, 12.4–15.4] versus 16.7 [95%CI, 14.6–18.8] mmHg, p = 0.041). At month 6, a lower burden for IOP‐lowering medication was shown for the intra‐ and subtenon group (0.2 ± 0.5 versus 1.0 ± 1.1, p = 0.034). The mean number of secondary needlings, which were done in 47/66 (71%) of the eyes, was lower in the intra‐ and subtenon group in the first year (1.9 ± 1.7 versus 1.2 ± 1.2, p = 0.03). Qualified surgical success was higher in the intra‐ and subtenon group (90% versus 61%, p = 0.01) after 1 year.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates a higher efficacy achieved with lower secondary needling rates in deeper implant positions in conjunctiva after XEN‐GGM.