bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of virtual starshot analysis providing submillimeter radiation isocenter accuracy: A long‐term multi‐institutional analysis
Authors: Akino Yuichi , Fujiwara Masateru , Mizuno Hirokazu , Shiomi Hiroya , Kaneko Akari , Isohashi Fumiaki , Seo Yuji , Suzuki Osamu , Otani Keisuke , Tamari Keisuke , Ogawa Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeWe developed a technique to calculate the offset between room lasers and the radiation isocenter using a digital Winston–Lutz (WL) test with a starshot technique. We have performed isocenter localization quality assurance (QA) with submillimeter accuracy for a long period. Here we evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of this virtual starshot (VS) analysis for isocenter localization QA.MethodsA 6‐MV photon beam with a square multileaf collimator field was used to irradiate a WL sphere positioned at the intersection of the room lasers. Images were acquired using an electronic portal imaging device. A four‐field WL test was performed, and the path of each beam was calculated from the offset between the beam and sphere. Virtual starshot analysis was used to analyze the radiation isocenter, which calculates the center of the beam paths by using a least‐squares method, similar to the starshot analysis. Then, eight coplanar and 12 noncoplanar beams were irradiated to evaluate isocenter localization accuracy.ResultsSeveral VS analyses, using different WL spheres, were performed at three institutions, and the calculated accuracies were within 0.1 mm at all institutions. Long‐term analysis showed that the isocenter localization accuracy was appropriately managed with three‐dimensional accuracy within ± 0.5 mm for 90 months after the first laser adjustments. The offset between each beam and the room laser was within 0.6 mm and within 1.0 mm for eight coplanar and 12 noncoplanar beams, respectively, for 90 months. Cone‐beam computed tomography images, acquired after verification beams, showed that the offset between the radiation isocenter and the imaging center was within 0.66 mm for 90 months. The isocenter localization accuracy within 1 mm was kept for long period at other four institutions.ConclusionsLong‐term analysis showed the feasibility of VS analysis for isocenter localization QA, including room laser re‐alignment, noncoplanar irradiation verification, and image guidance accuracy.
A Force‐Engineered Lint Roller for Superclean Graphene
Authors: Sun Luzhao , Lin Li , Wang Zihao , Rui Dingran , Yu Zhiwei , Zhang Jincan , Li Yanglizhi , Liu Xiaoting , Jia Kaicheng , Wang Kexin , Zheng Liming , Deng Bing , Ma Tianbao , Kang Ning , Xu Hongqi , Novoselov Konstantin S. , Peng Hailin , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractContamination is a major concern in surface and interface technologies. Given that graphene is a 2D monolayer material with an extremely large surface area, surface contamination may seriously degrade its intrinsic properties and strongly hinder its applicability in surface and interfacial regions. However, large‐scale and facile treatment methods for producing clean graphene films that preserve its excellent properties have not yet been achieved. Herein, an efficient postgrowth treatment method for selectively removing surface contamination to achieve a large‐area superclean graphene surface is reported. The as‐obtained superclean graphene, with surface cleanness exceeding 99%, can be transferred to dielectric substrates with significantly reduced polymer residues, yielding ultrahigh carrier mobility of 500 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 and low contact resistance of 118 Ω µm. The successful removal of contamination is enabled by the strong adhesive force of the activated‐carbon‐based lint roller on graphene contaminants.
Zero‐Thermal Quenching of Mn2+ Red Luminescence via Efficient Energy Transfer from Eu2+ in BaMgP2O7
Authors: Shi Rui , Ning Lixin , Wang Zhiqiang , Chen Jiatang , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Huang Yan , Qi Zeming , Li Cuijin , Tang Qiang , Liang Hongbin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMn2+‐activated phosphors usually show green to red luminescence depending on the crystal field strength in the lattice. However, the severe intensity loss of Mn2+ luminescence at elevated temperatures remains to be a serious problem. Here, the observation of zero‐thermal quenching of Mn2+ red luminescence (λem = 620 nm) up to 500 K in Eu2+, Mn2+‐codoped BaMgP2O7 is reported. This phenomenon arises from an efficient energy transfer from sensitizers Eu2+ which, when singly doped, exhibits a substantial thermal‐induced enhancement of 5d→4f emission intensity at 400 nm, along with a high luminescence efficiency and a large UV light absorption capacity. The present results open up a new path to the exploration of Eu2+, Mn2+‐codoped materials for thermally stable red phosphors.
Redox Mediator: A New Strategy in Designing Cathode for Prompting Redox Process of Li–S Batteries
Authors: Wu Xian , Liu Nannan , Guan Bin , Qiu Yue , Wang Maoxu , Cheng Junhan , Tian Da , Fan Lishuang , Zhang Naiqing , Sun Kening 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe multistep redox reactions of lithium–sulfur batteries involve undesirably complex transformation between sulfur and Li2S, and it is tough to spontaneously fragmentate polysulfides into shorter chains Li2S originating from the sluggish redox kinetics of soluble polysulfide intermediates, causing serious polarization and consumption of sulfur. In this work, 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI)/G is employed as sulfur host to accelerate the conversion process between polysulfides and sulfur, which could facilitate the process of both charging and discharging. Moreover, PTCDI has strong adsorption capacity with polysulfides to restrain shuttle effect, resulting in promotional kinetics and cycle stability. A high initial capacity of 1496 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C and slight capacity decay of 0.009% per cycle at 5 C over 1500 cycles can be achieved. Moreover, the cathode could also achieve a high energy efficiency over 85% at 0.5 C. This research extends the knowledge into an original domain for designing high‐performance host materials.
The environment contribution to gender differences in childhood obesity and organized sports engagement
Authors: Nogueira Helena , Costeira e Pereira Margarida M. , Costa Diogo , Gama Augusta , Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides , Silva Maria‐Raquel , Marques Vítor R. , Padez Cristina M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to analyze gender‐specific associations between sports activity outside of school and obesity, observing to what extent the local built environment contributes to the patterns found.MethodsA total of 2253 children aged 6.0‐11.0 years were assessed: 49.3% girls and 50.7% boys. Children's weight and height were measured, age and sex‐specific BMI cut‐off points were used to define normal vs overweight/obesity. Children's organized sports (OS) activity was assessed by questionnaire, and local facilities for children's engagement in OS were analyzed. Logistic regression models were computed, adjusted for confounding variables.ResultsResults showed greater overweight and obesity (25.1% vs 20.1%) and lower OS engagement (66.5% vs 73.8%) in girls as well as greater impact of OS engagement on weight status in girls (OR for having a normal weight = 1.434 in girls vs 1.043 in boys). Additionally, opportunities to engage in OS were scarce for girls.ConclusionsThe gender gap in children's weight status and OS engagement might be enhanced by an environmental mismatch that undermines girls' opportunities to play sports. There should be more opportunities for girls to engage in their favorite sports as a means to tackle the obesity epidemic and to promote gender equality.
Neonatal activity and state control differences among three squirrel monkey subspecies (Saimiri sciureus sciureus, S. boliviensis boliviensis, and S. boliviensis peruviensis)
Authors: Mulholland Michele M. , Williams Lawrence E. , Abee Christian R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSquirrel monkeys are a long‐standing biomedical model, with multiple species and subspecies housed in research facilities. Few studies have examined the developmental differences between these subspecies, which may affect research outcomes. The primate neonatal neurobehavioral assessment was completed at 2 weeks of age with 279 dam‐reared squirrel monkeys (188 Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis, 45 S. b. peruviensis, and 46 Saimiri. sciureus sciureus). Activity, orientation to stimuli, state control, and motor maturity scores, as well as startle responses and number of vocalizations were compared across subspecies and sex using factorial analysis of covariance (ANCOVAs) controlling for birthweight. There were no differences in orientation or motor maturity scores (p > .05) among the three subspecies or between sexes; however, there were significant subspecies differences in motor activity and state control scores. Of the three subspecies, S. s. sciureus has the lowest state control and activity scores (p < .05). They also had the most exaggerated startle response/aversion to a sudden loud noise, vocalized significantly less, and were less likely to resist restraint during the assessment (p < .05). The three subspecies of squirrel monkeys did not differ in motor development and attention to external stimuli but were significantly different in state control and activity levels. Overall S. s. sciureus were less active, agitated, irritable, and easier to console compared to S. b. boliviensis and S. b. peruviensis. This supports field research on socioecology which documented different social structure and behavior in wild populations of S. s. sciureus compared to S. b. boliviensis and S. b. peruviensis.
Effects of cold weather on the sleeping behavior of Skywalker hoolock gibbons (Hoolock tianxing) in seasonal montane forest
Authors: Fei Han‐Lan , Thompson Carolyn , Fan Peng‐Fei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConsidering the high energetic costs of maintaining constant body temperature, mammals must adjust their thermoregulatory behaviors in response to cold temperatures. Although primate daytime thermoregulation is relatively well studied, there is limited research in relation to nighttime strategies. To investigate how Skywalker hoolock gibbons (Hoolock tianxing) cope with the low temperatures found in montane forests, we collected sleep‐related behavior data from one group (NA) and a single female (NB) at Nankang (characterized by extensive tsaoko plantations) between July 2010 and September 2011, and one group (BB) at Banchang (relatively well‐managed reserve forest) between May 2013 and May 2015 in Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan, China. The annual mean temperature was 13.3°C at Nankang (October 2010 to September 2011) and 13.0°C at Banchang (June 2013 to May 2015) with temperatures dropping below −2.0°C at both sites, making them the coldest known gibbon habitats. The lowest temperatures at both sites remained below 5.0°C from November to March, which we, therefore, defined as the “cold season”. The hoolock gibbons remained in their sleeping trees for longer periods during the cold season compared to the warm season. Sleeping trees found at lower elevations and closer to potential feeding trees were favored during cold seasons at both sites. In addition, the gibbons were more likely to huddle together during cold seasons. Our results suggest that cold temperatures have a significant effect on the sleeping behavior of the Skywalker hoolock gibbon, highlighting the adaptability of this threatened species in response to cold climates.
Employing Aryl‐Linked Bis‐mesoionic Carbenes as a Pincer‐Type Platform to Access Ambient‐Stable Palladium(IV) Complexes
Authors: Yan Xuechao , Wang Haiying , Guo Shuai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe study of palladium(IV) species has great implications for PdII/PdIV‐mediated catalysis. However, most of the PdIV complexes rapidly decompose under ambient conditions, which makes the isolation, characterization and further reactivity study very challenging. The reported ancillary ligand platforms to stabilize PdIV species are dominated by chelating N‐donors such as bipyridines. In this work, we present two PdIV complexes with scarcely used C‐donors as the supporting platform. The anionic aryl donor and MIC (MIC=mesoionic carbene) are combined in a [CC′C]‐type pincer framework to access a series of ambient‐stable PdIV tris(halido) complexes. Their synthesis, solid‐state structures, stability, and reactivity are presented. To the best of our knowledge, the work presented herein reports the first isolated PdIV–MIC as well as the first PdIV carbene‐based aryl pincer.
Effect of rheology and humic acids on the transport of environmental fluids: Potential implications for soil remediation revealed through microfluidics
Authors: Siwik Amanda , Pensini Erica , Rodriguez Braulio Macias , Marangoni Alejandro G. , Collier Christopher M. , Sleep Brent 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the potential effect of shear rheology and humic acids (HA) on the subsurface transport of polymeric fluids used for the remediation of contaminants. Polymeric fluids were prepared with guar, scleroglucan, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Guar fluids can be used to suspend reactive particles for contaminant degradation. Fluids prepared with 2.5 g/L of guar in water were viscous, and the crosslinker borax (1 g/L) made them viscoelastic. Microfluidics experiments showed that the increase in elasticity blocked the flow of guar in 350 μm channels. Guar, CMC, or scleroglucan fluids containing sodium thiosulfate can be used to trap toxic Cr(VI) in the subsurface and reduce it to harmless Cr(III). Trapping of Cr(VI) is achieved by the gelation of the fluids upon contact with chromium. Before mixing with chromium, HA did not affect the flow of CMC, guar, and scleroglucan in microfluidic channels. Quartz‐crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring experiments indicates that HA reduced sorption of guar onto silica, potentially promoting the transport of guar fluids in sandy aquifers. While HA slightly decreased the rate of gelation of CMC and scleroglucan upon contact with chromium, it did not affect the fast gelation rate of guar. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48465.
Chitosan in Surface Modification for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Abinaya Balakrishnan , Prasith Tandiakkal Prakash , Ashwin Badrinath , Viji Chandran Syamala , Selvamurugan Nagarajan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTraditional methods of bone defect repair include autografts, allografts, surgical reconstruction, and metal implants that have several disadvantages such as donor site morbidity, rejection, risk of disease transmission, and repetitive surgery. Biomaterial‐based bone reconstructions can, therefore, be an efficient alternative due to the inherent properties of the materials. Chitosan (CS), the deacetylated form of chitin, is a biopolymer having a wide array of applicability in regenerative tissue applications owing to its biocompatible, in vitro degradative and bioresorbable nature. Extensive studies are being carried out using CS to augment the properties of the already existing methods and to also improve the applicability of CS‐based biocomposites in bone tissue repair. In this review, the suitability of CS as a surface modifier has been discussed in detail for the already existing implants, surface modifications of CS‐based natural biocomposites for bone tissue regeneration, and the wide range of techniques that can introduce these modifications. CS, being a natural polymer, possesses advantageous properties including surface modifier that makes it a suitable candidate for bone regeneration, and further research to investigate its osteogenic potential in vivo along with the molecular and signaling mechanisms involved in bone regeneration can aid in expanding its applicability in clinical trials.
Genome‐scale model of Rhodotorula toruloides metabolism
Authors: Tiukova Ievgeniia A. , Prigent Sylvain , Nielsen Jens , Sandgren Mats , Kerkhoven Eduard J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe basidiomycete red yeast Rhodotorula toruloides is a promising platform organism for production of biooils. We present rhto‐GEM, the first genome‐scale model (GEM) of R. toruloides metabolism, that was largely reconstructed using RAVEN toolbox. The model includes 852 genes, 2,731 reactions, and 2,277 metabolites, while lipid metabolism is described using the SLIMEr formalism allowing direct integration of lipid class and acyl chain experimental distribution data. The simulation results confirmed that the R. toruloides model provides valid growth predictions on glucose, xylose, and glycerol, while prediction of genetic engineering targets to increase production of linolenic acid, triacylglycerols, and carotenoids identified genes—some of which have previously been engineered to successfully increase production. This renders rtho‐GEM valuable for future studies to improve the production of other oleochemicals of industrial relevance including value‐added fatty acids and carotenoids, in addition to facilitate system‐wide omics‐data analysis in R. toruloides. Expanding the portfolio of GEMs for lipid‐accumulating fungi contributes to both understanding of metabolic mechanisms of the oleaginous phenotype but also uncover particularities of the lipid production machinery in R. toruloides.
Dual‐chambered membrane bioreactor for coculture of stratified cell populations
Authors: Navarro Javier , Swayambunathan Jay , Janes Morgan Elizabeth , Santoro Marco , Mikos Antonios G. , Fisher John P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe have developed a dual‐chambered bioreactor (DCB) that incorporates a membrane to study stratified 3D cell populations for skin tissue engineering. The DCB provides adjacent flow lines within a common chamber; the inclusion of the membrane regulates flow layering or mixing, which can be exploited to produce layers or gradients of cell populations in the scaffolds. Computational modeling and experimental assays were used to study the transport phenomena within the bioreactor. Molecular transport across the membrane was defined by a balance of convection and diffusion; the symmetry of the system was proven by its bulk convection stability, while the movement of molecules from one flow line to the other is governed by coupled convection‐diffusion. This balance allowed the perfusion of two different fluids, with the membrane defining the mixing degree between the two. The bioreactor sustained two adjacent cell populations for 28 days, and was used to induce indirect adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells due to molecular cross‐talk between the populations. We successfully developed a platform that can study the dermis–hypodermis complex to address limitations in skin tissue engineering. Furthermore, the DCB can be used for other multilayered tissues or the study of communication pathways between cell populations.
Automatic generation of fill‐in‐the‐blank question with corpus‐based distractors for e‐assessment to enhance learning
Authors: Das Bidyut , Majumder Mukta , Phadikar Santanu , Sekh Arif Ahmed 
Published: September 2019

AbstractKnowledge acquisition is the prime objective of a learner from an educational system and evaluating the learner's knowledge is the eventual goal of an examination process. This paper introduces a system which is able to produce fill‐in‐the‐blank questions to test the knowledge of a learner that he or she has accumulated after reading a course material. The question generation task is subdivided into three modules: sentence selection, answer‐key identification, and question formation along with distractor generation. The sentence is selected using a coarse‐grain part‐of‐speech tagset. The answer‐key is extracted by identifying topic‐word in the sentence and question is formed by omitting this topic‐word from the sentence. This paper also highlights an efficient corpus‐based distractor generation technique to produce multiple‐choice fill‐in‐the‐blank test items.
Genomic stratification beyond Ras/B‐Raf in colorectal liver metastasis patients treated with hepatic arterial infusion
Authors: Smith J. Joshua , Chatila Walid K. , Sanchez‐Vega Francisco , Datta Jashodeep , Connell Louise C. , Szeglin Bryan C. , Basunia Azfar , Boucher Taryn M. , Hauser Haley , Wasserman Isaac , Wu Chao , Cercek Andrea , Hechtman Jaclyn F. , Madden Chris , Jarnagin William R. , Garcia‐Aguilar Julio , D'Angelica Michael I. , Yaeger Rona , Schultz Nikolaus , Kemeny Nancy E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundResection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) can cure disease, but many patients with extensive disease cannot be fully resected and others recur following surgery. Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy can convert extensive liver disease to a resectable state or decrease recurrence risk, but response varies and no biomarkers currently exist to identify patients most likely to benefit.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of CLM patients receiving HAI chemotherapy whose tumors underwent MSK‐IMPACT sequencing. The frequency of oncogenic alterations and their association with overall survival (OS) and objective response rate were analyzed at the individual gene and signaling pathway levels.ResultsThree hundred and seventy patients met inclusion criteria: 189 (51.1%) who underwent colorectal liver metastasectomy followed by HAI + systemic therapy (Adjuvant cohort), and 181 (48.9%) with unresectable CLM (Metastatic cohort) who received HAI + systemic therapy, consisting of 63 (34.8%) with extrahepatic disease and 118 (65.2%) with liver‐restricted disease. Genomic alterations were similar in each cohort, and no individual gene or pathway was significantly associated with objective response. Patients in the adjuvant cohort with concurrent Ras/B‐Raf alteration and SMAD4 inactivation had worse prognosis while in the metastatic cohort patients with co‐alteration of Ras/B‐Raf and TP53 had worse OS. Similar findings were observed in a validation cohort.ConclusionsConcurrently altered Ras/B‐Raf and SMAD4 mutations were associated with worse survival in resectable patients, while concurrent Ras/B‐Raf and TP53 alterations were associated with worse survival in unresectable patients. The mutual exclusivity of Ras/B‐Raf, SMAD4, and TP53 may have prognostic value for CLM patients receiving HAI.