bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workgroup accord and change-oriented behavior in public service organizations: Mediating and contextual factors
Authors: Campbell Jesse W 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWorkgroup relationships are characterized by interdependence and intensity and can produce powerful norms that shape how work is performed. This study focuses on the effect of workgroup accord, defined as positive exchange, cooperation, and consensus among workgroup members, on change-oriented behavior in public service organizations. Change-oriented behavior denotes discretionary corrective or creative initiatives on the part of employees, and workgroup accord is hypothesized to increase change-oriented behavior both directly and indirectly via organizational commitment. The theoretical model is operationalized using survey data collected from employees of the Australian Public Service. The results of regression analysis are consistent with the hypothesis that workgroup accord positively influences organizational commitment, which in turn facilitates change-oriented behavior. However, a negative direct effect renders the total effect of workgroup accord on change-oriented behavior non-significant. Additionally, the findings suggest that innovation climate and employee performance agreement efficacy each positively moderate the negative relationship between workgroup accord and change-oriented behavior.
Dramatic reduction in size of the lowland Macquarie River in response to Late Quaternary climate-driven hydrologic change
Authors: Hesse Paul P. , Williams Rory , Ralph Timothy J. , Larkin Zacchary T. , Fryirs Kirstie A. , Westaway Kira E. , Yonge David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPalaeochannels of lowland rivers provide a means of investigating the sensitivity of river response to climate-driven hydrologic change. About 80 palaeochannels of the lower Macquarie River of southeastern Australia record the evolution of this distributive fluvial system. Six Macquarie palaeochannels were dated by single-grain optically stimulated luminescence. The largest of the palaeochannels (Quombothoo, median age 54 ka) was on average 284 m wide, 12 times wider than the modern river (24 m) and with 21 times greater meander wavelength. Palaeo-discharge then declined, resulting in a younger, narrower, group of palaeochannels, Bibbijibbery (125 m wide, 34 ka), Billybingbone (92 m, 20 ka), Milmiland (112 m, 22 ka), and Mundadoo (86 m, 5.6 ka). Yet these channels were still much larger than the modern river and were continuous downstream to the confluence with the Barwon-Darling River. At 5.5 ka, a further decrease in river discharge led to the formation of the narrow modern river, the ecologically important Macquarie Marshes, and Marra Creek palaeochannel (31 m, 2.1 ka) and diminished sediment delivery to the Barwon-Darling River as palaeo-discharge fell further. The hydrologic changes suggest precipitation was a driving forcing on catchment discharge in addition to a temperature-driven runoff response.
The Modern and the Political Pluralist Perspectives on Political Authorities
Authors: Allard-Tremblay Yann 
Published: September 2018

AbstractI contrast two perspectives adopted to theorize political authorities. The first is the modern perspective. It conceives of political society as a civic union of free and equal citizens and regards the state as the political organization of this society. This perspective is primarily concerned with the principles that should govern the use of state power. The second is the political pluralist perspective. It recognizes a multiplicity of normative orders as equally legitimate. The focus is put on the civic processes by which a diverse citizenry should negotiate its interactions. I illustrate these perspectives by considering how they approach diversity, and more specifically the political claims of indigenous peoples. The pluralist perspective is argued to be normatively motivated by a consideration for the actual freedom of citizens to sustain diverse normative orders, to negotiate the structure of political society, and to jointly search for justice.
DiarrhoeagenicEscherichia coliandEscherichia albertiiin Brazil: pathotypes and serotypes over a 6-year period of surveillance
Authors: Ori E. L. , Takagi E. H. , Andrade T. S. , Miguel B. T. , Cergole-Novella M. C. , Guth B. E. C. , Hernandes R. T. , Dias R. C. B. , Pinheiro S. R. S. , Camargo C. H. , Romero E. C. , Dos Santos L. F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDiarrhoeagenicEscherichia coli(DEC) is a leading cause of infectious diarrhoea worldwide. In recent years,Escherichia albertiihas also been implicated as a cause of human enteric diseases. This study describes the occurrence ofE. colipathotypes and serotypes associated with enteric illness and haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) isolated in Brazil from 2011 to 2016. Pathotypes isolated included enteropathogenicE. coli(EPEC), enteroaggregativeE. coli(EAEC), enterotoxigenicE. coli(ETEC), enteroinvasiveE. coli(EIEC) and Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC). PCR of stool enrichments for DEC pathotypes was employed, andE. albertiiwas also sought. O:H serotyping was performed on all DEC isolates. A total of 683 DEC and 10E. albertiistrains were isolated from 5047 clinical samples. The frequencies of DEC pathotypes were 52.6% (359/683) for EPEC, 32.5% for EAEC, 6.3% for ETEC, 4.4% for EIEC and 4.2% for STEC. DEC strains occurred in patients from 3 months to 96 years old, but EPEC, EAEC and STEC were most prevalent among children. Both typical and atypical isolates of EPEC and EAEC were recovered and presented great serotype heterogeneity. HUS cases were only associated with STEC serotype O157:H7. TwoE. albertiiisolates belonged to serogroup O113 and one had thestx2f gene. The higher prevalence of atypical EPEC in relation to EAEC in community-acquired diarrhoea in Brazil suggests a shift in the trend of DEC pathotypes circulation as previously EAEC predominated. This is the first report ofE. albertiiisolation from active surveillance. These results highlight the need of continuing DEC andE. albertiisurveillance, as a mean to detect changes in the pattern of pathotypes and serotypes circulation and provide useful information for intervention and control strategies.
A Meta-Analysis of Test Scores in Proctored and Unproctored Ability	Assessments
Authors: Steger Diana , Schroeders Ulrich , Gnambs Timo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Unproctored, web-based assessments are frequently compromised by a lack of control over the participants’ test-taking behavior. It is likely that participants cheat if personal consequences are high. This meta-analysis summarizes findings on context effects in unproctored and proctored ability assessments and examines mean score differences and correlations between both assessment contexts. As potential moderators, we consider (a) the perceived consequences of the assessment, (b) countermeasures against cheating, (c) the susceptibility to cheating of the measure itself, and (d) the use of different test media. For standardized mean differences, a three-level random-effects meta-analysis based on 109 effect sizes from 49 studies (total N = 100,434) identified a pooled effect of Δ = 0.20, 95% CI [0.10, 0.31], indicating higher scores in unproctored assessments. Moderator analyses revealed significantly smaller effects for measures that are difficult to research on the Internet. These results demonstrate that unproctored ability assessments are biased by cheating. Unproctored assessments may be most suitable for tasks that are difficult to search on the Internet.
Indications of Dynamic Effects on Scaling Relationships Between Channel Sinuosity and Vegetation Patch Size Across a Salt Marsh Platform
Authors: Taramelli Andrea , Valentini Emiliana , Cornacchia Loreta , Monbaliu Jaak , Sabbe Koen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSalt marshes are important coastal areas that consist of a vegetated intertidal marsh platform and a drainage network of tidal channels. How salt marshes and their drainage networks develop is not fully understood, but it has been shown that the biogeomorphic interactions and feedbacks between vegetation development and channel formation play an important role. We examined the relationships among tidal channel sinuosity, marsh roughness, vegetation type (pioneer, Elymus athericus or Phragmites australis), and patch size at different spatial scales using a high‐resolution vegetation map (derived from aerial photography) and lower‐resolution satellite imagery processed with linear spectral mixture analysis. The patch‐size distribution in all vegetation types corresponded to a power law, suggesting the presence of self‐organizational processes. While small vegetation patches are more dominant in pioneer vegetation, they were present in all vegetation types. The largest patch size is restricted to E. athericus. We observed an inverse logarithmic relationship between channel sinuosity and vegetation patch size in all vegetation types. The fact that this relationship is observed in both pioneer and later successional stages suggests that after the establishment of a drainage network in the dynamic pioneer stages of salt marsh development, the later stages of salt marsh succession largely inherit the meandering pattern of the early successional stages. Our study confirms recent evidence that no significant changes in the specific features of tidal channel networks (e.g., channel width, drainage density, and efficiency) take place during the later stages of salt marsh development.
Negative Emission Potential of Direct Air Capture Powered by Renewable Excess Electricity in Europe
Authors: Wohland Jan , Witthaut Dirk , Schleussner Carl‐Friedrich 
Published: September 2018

The mitigation of climate change requires fast reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and calls for fundamental transitions of energy systems. In most places, the increased exploitation of variable renewable sources (wind and solar) forms the backbone of these transitions. To remain consistent with the Paris Agreement temperature goals, negative emission technologies will likely be needed to achieve net zero emissions in the second half of the century. In integrated assessment models, negative emissions are typically realized through land‐based approaches. However, due to their coarse temporal and spatial resolution, such models might underestimate the potential of decentrally deployable and flexible technologies such as Direct Air Capture (DAC). Based on validated high‐resolution power generation time series, we show that DAC can extract CO2 from the atmosphere and facilitate the integration of variable renewables at the same time. It is a promising flexibility provider as it can be ramped within minutes. Our results show that negative emissions of up to 500 Mt CO2/year in Europe may be achievable by using renewable excess energy only. Electricity systems with high shares of volatile renewables will induce excess generation events during which electricity is cheap thereby lowering the operational costs of DAC. If investment costs can be sufficiently reduced, this may render very energy intensive but highly flexible technologies such as DAC viable.
Environmental Conditions, Ignition Type, and Air Quality Impacts of Wildfires in the Southeastern and Western United States
Authors: Brey Steven J. , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Wiedinmyer Christine , Fischer Emily V. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis research contrasts the environmental conditions, meteorological drivers, and air quality impacts of human‐ and lightning‐ignited wildfires in the southeastern and western United States, the two continental U.S. regions with the most wildfire burn area. We use the Fire Program Analysis Wildfire Occurrence Data (FPA FOD) to determine wildfire abundance and ignition sources between 1992 and 2015. We investigate specific ecoregions within these two U.S. regions and find that in the majority of ecoregions, annual lightning‐ and human‐ignited wildfire burn area have similar relationships with key meteorological parameters. We investigate the fuel moisture values where wildfires occur segregated by ignition type and show that within a given ecoregion, the differences in median fuel moisture between ignition types are generally smaller than the differences between ecoregions. Our results suggest that annual wildfire burn area for human‐ and lightning‐ignited wildfires within a given ecoregion are modulated by environmental conditions, and climate change may similarly impact wildfires of both ignition types. Finally, we estimate fine particulate matter emissions for Fire Program Analysis Wildfire Occurrence Data wildfires using the Fire INventory from NCAR model framework. We show that emissions of fine particulate matter from human‐ignited wildfires is significant and of a similar total magnitude between the west and southeastern United States. Additionally, the west and southeast have a similar number of wildfires associated with National Weather Service air quality smoke forecasts.
Blue Carbon Storage Capacity of Temperate Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Meadows
Authors: Röhr Maria Emilia , Holmer Marianne , Baum Julia K. , Björk Mats , Boyer Katharyn , Chin Diana , Chalifour Lia , Cimon Stephanie , Cusson Mathieu , Dahl Martin , Deyanova Diana , Duffy J. Emmet , Eklöf Johan S. , Geyer Julie K. , Griffin John N. , Gullström Martin , Hereu Clara M. , Hori Masakazu , Hovel Kevin A. , Hughes A. Randall , Jorgensen Pablo , Kiriakopolos Stephanie , Moksnes Per‐Olav , Nakaoka Masahiro , O'Connor Mary I. , Peterson Bradley , Reiss Katrin , Reynolds Pamela L. , Rossi Francesca , Ruesink Jennifer , Santos Rui , Stachowicz John J. , Tomas Fiona , Lee Kun‐Seop , Unsworth Richard K. F. , Boström Christoffer 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDespite the importance of coastal ecosystems for the global carbon budgets, knowledge of their carbon storage capacity and the factors driving variability in storage capacity is still limited. Here we provide an estimate on the magnitude and variability of carbon stocks within a widely distributed marine foundation species throughout its distribution area in temperate Northern Hemisphere. We sampled 54 eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows, spread across eight ocean margins and 36° of latitude, to determine abiotic and biotic factors influencing organic carbon (Corg) stocks in Zostera marina sediments. The Corg stocks (integrated over 25‐cm depth) showed a large variability and ranged from 318 to 26,523 g C/m2 with an average of 2,721 g C/m2. The projected Corg stocks obtained by extrapolating over the top 1 m of sediment ranged between 23.1 and 351.7 Mg C/ha, which is in line with estimates for other seagrasses and other blue carbon ecosystems. Most of the variation in Corg stocks was explained by five environmental variables (sediment mud content, dry density and degree of sorting, and salinity and water depth), while plant attributes such as biomass and shoot density were less important to Corg stocks. Carbon isotopic signatures indicated that at most sites <50% of the sediment carbon is derived from seagrass, which is lower than reported previously for seagrass meadows. The high spatial carbon storage variability urges caution in extrapolating carbon storage capacity between geographical areas as well as within and between seagrass species.
Similarity in Fog and Rainfall Intermittency
Authors: Räsänen M. , Chung M. , Katurji M. , Pellikka P. , Rinne J. , Katul G. G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntermittent fog occurrences supply significant amounts of moisture to plants in the form of fog drip onto the soil surface thereby prompting interest in their statistical behavior at multiple timescales. A comparison of rainfall and fog measurements collected at an inland tropical cloud forest in Kenya and a coastal rangeland in Northern California is presented to explore whether fog occurrences have similar intermittency characteristics as rainfall. The results confirm that both rainfall and fog show approximate power law relations for distributions of dry period and event size consistent with predictions from self‐organized criticality. Moreover, the spectral exponents of the on‐off time series of the fog and rainfall exhibited an approximate f−0.8 over a broad range of frequencies f, which is remarkably close to scaling exponents across sites experiencing different rainfall generation mechanisms. These results suggest that fog intermittency shares some properties of critical behavior documented in numerous rainfall studies.
Unstable Eigenmodes of the Feedback Instability With Collision‐Induced Velocity Shear
Authors: Watanabe T.‐H. , Maeyama S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA linear eigenmode analysis of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling shows that the feedback instability leading to spontaneous formation of auroral arc structures remains unstable even in a case with strong vertical shear of horizontal ion flows induced by ion‐neutral collisions in the E layer. For low‐order Alfvén harmonics, the linear frequency and growth rate obtained by means of a height‐resolved model of the ionosphere are comparable to those resulted from the height‐integrated one, where fine vertical structures of the ionospheric density and magnetic field perturbations are well resolved in the former. The present result confirms validity of the height‐integrated ionosphere model in the long parallel wavelength limit, as assumed in previous studies on the feedback instability.
Intraseasonal Variation of the Black Carbon Aerosol Concentration and Its Impact on Atmospheric Circulation Over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Jing , Wang Wei‐Chyung , Chen Guoxing , Bao Qing , Qi Xin , Zhou Siyuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe black carbon (BC) concentration over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau is modulated by atmospheric intraseasonal variations and in turn affects atmospheric circulation through both direct radiative atmospheric warming and surface cooling. Based on an intraseasonal dry‐wet phase transition over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, we investigated the short‐term radiative‐dynamic coupling of the atmosphere with changes in the concentration of BC using both observations and numerical sensitivity experiments. The observed local concentrations of BC increased by >50% as a result of the enhanced convergence and upward migration associated with the development of an intraseasonal anomalous lower‐level cyclone. Calculations using an offline radiation transfer model showed that this increase in BC concentration led to ~4 W/m2 of atmospheric radiative warming and ~2 W/m2 of surface radiative cooling. Consequently, an anomalous lower‐level cyclone with an average wind speed of 0.5 m/s (~10% of the natural change from a dry to a wet phase) developed in a linear baroclinic model and an aerosol‐aware WRF model, which was mainly a result of the atmospheric warming while the surface cooling played only a minor role. Although the change in precipitation was small, cloud fraction was significantly increased due to the enhanced upward motion in the atmosphere. This warrants further studies of cloud adjustments to the BC concentration on both cloud fraction and microphysics aspects. The present study illustrates that consideration of aerosol‐circulation coupling is imperative to advance the subseasonal prediction of atmospheric circulation.
Submarine Deposition of a Subaerial Landslide in Taan Fiord, Alaska
Authors: Haeussler P. J. , Gulick S. P. S. , McCall N. , Walton M. , Reece R. , Larsen C. , Shugar D. H. , Geertsema M. , Venditti J. G. , Labay K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA large subaerial landslide entered Taan Fiord, Alaska, on 17 October 2015 producing a tsunami with runup to 193 m. We use LiDAR data to show the slide volume to be 76 + 3/−4 million cubic meters and that 51,000,000 m3 entered Taan Fiord. In 2016, we mapped the fjord with multibeam bathymetry and high‐resolution seismic data. Landslide and postlandslide deposits extend 6 km downfjord, are up to 70 ± 11 m thick, and have a total volume of ~147,000,000 m3. Seismic data image a blocky landslide unit and two units deposited immediately after the landslide. The blocky landslide unit is ~65,000,000 m3. We infer it consists dominantly of subaerially derived material and secondarily of fjord floor sediment. The overlying units are likely megaturbidites presumably deposited within minutes to days after the landslide. We infer that these deposits dominantly consist of fjord floor material mobilized and suspended as the slide entered and traveled downfjord. The lower postlandslide unit is up to 35 ± 6 m thick, and the upper unit is up to 12 ± 3 m thick. These deposits are distinctive and will leave a lasting record of the event. This subaerial‐to‐submarine landslide deposit is distinct from other submarine landslide deposits studied in Alaskan fjords because it has a much greater thickness, larger and more angular blocks, distinctive postlandslide megaturbidites, and a higher‐amplitude acoustic signature of the blocky deposit. The tight constraints on the landslide source and deposit volumes, topography, bathymetry, and tsunami runup heights and flow directions should make this a benchmark site for landslide‐tsunami models.
Quantifying Bed Level Change at the Transition of Tidal Flat and Salt Marsh: Can We Understand the Lateral Location of the Marsh Edge?
Authors: Willemsen P. W. J. M. , Borsje B. W. , Hulscher S. J. M. H. , Van der Wal D. , Zhu Z. , Oteman B. , Evans B. , Möller I. , Bouma T. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBed level dynamics at the interface of the salt marsh and tidal flat have been highlighted as a key factor connecting the long‐term biogeomorphological development of the marsh to large‐scale physical forcing. Hence, we aim to obtain insight into the factors confining the location of the marsh edge (i.e., boundary between tidal flat and salt marsh). A unique data set was collected, containing measurements of daily bed level changes (i.e., integrative result of physical forcing and sediment properties) at six intertidal transects in the North Sea area. Moreover, various biophysical parameters were measured, such as sediment characteristics, waves, inundation time, and chlorophyll‐a levels. The data show that both bed level change and waves decreased from the lower intertidal flat toward the marsh edge and further diminished inside the marsh. However, no direct general relation was found between waves and bed level change. Bed level change inside the marsh was always small, regardless of wave energy. By combining the data sets, we demonstrate that the location of the lower marsh edge is restricted by two interacting factors: inundation time and bed level change. For vegetation establishment to withstand longer inundation stress, which slows down plant growth, more stable bed levels are required so that plants are not heavily disturbed. Conversely, to withstand more dynamic bed levels that disturbs plant growth, lower inundation stress is needed, so that plants grow fast enough to recover from the stress. The results suggest that bed level change is important in determining the position of the marsh edge.