bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, epidemiological, and molecular characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Infections among healthcare workers at a research center in the amazon region of BRAZIL from 2020 to 2022
Authors: Cordovil Darciane Coelho , Bezerra Delana Andreza Melo , Bedran Rayssa Layna Silva , Junior Edvaldo Tavares Penha , Teixeira Dielle Monteiro , Lobo Patricia Santos , Siqueira Jones Anderson Monteiro , Ramos Adinaura Gama , Silva Amanda Mendes , Pinheiro Kenny Costa , Ferreira Jedson Cardoso , Junior Wanderley Dias Chagas , Barbagelata Luana Soares , Tavares Fernando Neto , Santos Mirleide Cordeiro , Soares Luana Silva 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected different sectors of society, and healthcare workers have been particularly impacted. This study aimed to describe the clinical, epidemiological, and molecular characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare workers in Evandro Chagas Institute, a research reference center in Brazil, from October 2020 to July 2022. 845 samples were collected from individuals who presented clinical symptoms of respiratory infection. Nasopharyngeal positive samples were submitted through genome sequencing. Clinical, epidemiological, and the SARS-CoV-2 lineages (or variants) were analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 positivity was detected in 31.8% (269/845) of samples with a higher prevalence of females (60.2%). The highest SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates were reported in March 2021 (39%), January 2022 (65%), and July 2022 (56%). On clinical symptoms, arthralgia, chills, and diarrhea were statistically significantly detected in 2020; fever, runny nose, and arthralgia in 2021; runny nose, and cough in 2022. On molecular analysis of SARS-CoV-2, 66 samples (25.3%, 66/269) were sequenced and the most prevalent lineage was the Omicron, representing 57.6%. Studies on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HCW are essential to propose control measures and work management since research centers play a major role in surveillance to identify and monitor infectious diseases.
Fibers and Gleason parts for the maximal ideal space of $${\mathcal {A}}_u(B_{\ell _p})$$
Authors: Dimant Verónica , Lassalle Silvia , Maestre Manuel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the early nineties, R. M. Aron, B. Cole, T. W. Gamelin and W. B. Johnson initiated the study of the maximal ideal space (spectrum) of Banach algebras of holomorphic functions defined on the open unit ball of an infinite dimensional complex Banach space. Within this framework, we investigate the fibers and Gleason parts of the spectrum of the algebra of holomorphic and uniformly continuous functions on the unit ball of $$\ell _p$$

ℓ
p

($$1\le p<\infty $$

1
≤
p
<
∞

). We show that the inherent geometry of these spaces provides a fundamental ingredient for our results. We prove that whenever $$p\in {\mathbb {N}}$$

p
∈
N

($$p\ge 2$$

p
≥
2

), the fiber of every $$z\in B_{\ell _p}$$

z
∈

B

ℓ
p

contains a set of cardinal $$2^{{\mathfrak {c}}}$$

2
c

such that any two elements of this set belong to different Gleason parts. For the case $$p=1$$

p
=
1

, we complete the known description of the fibers, showing that, for each $$z\in \overline{B}_{\ell _1''}{\setminus } S_{\ell _1}$$

z
∈

B
¯

ℓ
1

′
′

\

S

ℓ
1

, the fiber over z is not a singleton. Also, we establish that different fibers over elements in $$S_{\ell _1''}$$

S

ℓ
1

′
′

cannot share Gleason parts.
Multivariate statistical and hydrogeochemical analysis of seasonal groundwater quality variations in coastal villages of Trivandrum district, south India
Authors: Pitchaimani V. Stephen , Joe R. J. Jerin , Shyamala G. , Manjula G. , Hemalatha B. , Babu M. Dinesh , Ezhil S. Shenbaga , Ravindran Gobinath 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study attempts a detailed assessment of the quality of groundwater in the coastal region of Trivandrum District, Kerala where groundwater is the main source of drinking water. Forty groundwater samples were collected during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The collected samples were analyzed for physical properties such as electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total hardness, along with chemical properties, including major cations (Ca2⁺, Mg2⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) and anions (Cl⁻, SO₄2⁻, HCO₃⁻, NO₃⁻). The analysis of groundwater quality reveals significant spatial and seasonal variations caused by both natural and manmade influences. Water Quality Index (WQI), hydrogeochemical plots, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to analyses the data. The results show that Vakkom, Kazhakottam, Veli-Attipara, and Pozhiyoor show significant deterioration, and areas such as Varkala, Ayroor, and Edava generally maintain good water quality. The Water Quality Index (WQI) assessment indicates that approximately 22.5% of the studied area falls under excellent quality, while 17.5% is classified as poor. The WHO standard and BSI standards were used to derive the WQI. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and total hardness as the primary factors affecting groundwater quality, explaining 65.17% and 61.03% of the total variance in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods, respectively. Hydrochemical plots collaborate these results, emphasize the influence of rock-water interactions as the main geochemical process, further compounded by pollution from agricultural runoff and urban development. These findings highlight the need for sustainable groundwater management strategies in coastal communities. Effective measures, including pollution mitigation, sustainable agricultural practice, proper waste management, and preservation of freshwater ecosystems, are essential for ensuring the sustainability of groundwater resources.
Differential effects of identification and discrimination training tasks on L2 vowel identification and discrimination
Authors: Cebrian Juli , Gavaldà Núria , Gorba Celia , Carlet Angélica 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh variability phonetic training using perceptual tasks such as identification and discrimination tasks has often been reported to improve L2 perception. However, studies comparing the efficacy of different tasks on different measures are rare. Forty-four Catalan/Spanish bilingual learners of English were trained with identification or categorical discrimination tasks and were tested on both measures. Results showed that both methods were successful in improving the identification and discrimination of English vowels. Training with nonword stimuli generalized to new nonwords and real word stimuli, and improvement was maintained four months later. Cross-task effects may be related to the categorical nature of the discrimination task, which may entail a level of processing similar to that of identification training. Interestingly, whereas identification training improved identification more than discrimination training, discrimination training did not enhance discrimination more than identification training. This asymmetry may be explained by task differences in the amount and type of feedback used.
Petrography, Crystallography, and Geochronology of Baddeleyite With Two Morphologies in a Chang'e‐5 Lunar Basalt
Authors: Huang Liying , Xu Yuchen , Qin Lang , Liu Yang , Gu Lixin , Tian Heng‐Ci , Hao Jialong , Zhang Feng , Du Wei , Yang Jing , Hui Hejiu , Yang Wei , Lin Yangting , Zou Yongliao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBaddeleyite (ZrO2) is widespread in lunar basalts and frequently used for U‐Pb geochronology of magmatic and impact events. The formation of baddeleyite involves two primary mechanisms: (a) crystallization from late‐stage magma, and (b) decomposition of zircon under high‐temperature (high‐T) conditions. Baddeleyite with distinct formation mechanisms commonly displays different morphologies. In a Chang'e‐5 lunar basalt, we report baddeleyite with two different morphologies, termed “singular type” and “aggregate type.” Petrographic and crystallographic analyses were conducted on both types of baddeleyite to understand their formation conditions and evolution processes. Despite the similarity in the morphology and mineral assemblages between the aggregate type baddeleyite and zircon decomposition products, the petrographic characteristics and the rarity of zircon in lunar basalts tend to suggest that both types of baddeleyite are derived from magma crystallization. Crystallographic relationships observed in both types indicate a phase transformation from the precursor tetragonal‐ZrO2/cubic‐ZrO2 or orthorhombic‐ZrO2 phase. Two potential scenarios are proposed for the formation of these microstructures: (a) direct crystallization of high symmetry ZrO2 from magma, and (b) crystallization of baddeleyite from magma followed by a high‐pressure (high‐P) event causing its phase transition. However, due to unresolved scientific issues in both scenarios, an accurate evolutionary process cannot currently be determined. Therefore, extensive thermodynamic experiments are necessary to enhance our understanding of baddeleyite microstructures as indicators of P‐T processes, providing insights into magmatism and the impact history of planetary bodies.
Reconstruction of Nearshore Surface Gravity Wave Heights From Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data
Authors: Meulé Samuel , Pelaez‐Quiñones Julián , Bouchette Frédéric , Sladen Anthony , Ponte Aurélien , Maier Annika , Lior Itzhak , Coyle Paschal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDistributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a photonics technology converting seafloor telecommunications and optical fiber cables into dense arrays of strain sensors, allowing to monitor various oceanic physical processes. Yet, several applications are hindered by the limited knowledge of the transfer function between geophysical variables and DAS measurements. This study investigates the quantitative relationship between surface gravity DAS‐recorded wave‐generated strain signals along the seafloor and the pressure at a colocated sensor. A remarkable linear correlation is found over various sea conditions allowing us to reliably determine significant wave heights from DAS data. Utilizing linear wave potential theory, we derive an analytical transfer function linking cable deformation and wave kinematic parameters. This transfer function provides a first quantification of the effects related to surface gravity waves and fiber responses. Our results validate DAS's potential for real‐time reconstruction of the surface gravity wave spectrum over extended coastal areas. It also enables the estimation of waves hydraulic parameters at depth without the need from offshore deployments.
Projected Increasing Negative Impact of Extreme Events on Gross Primary Productivity During the 21st Century in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Gao Yuhan , Zhu Dan , Wang Zhen , Lin Zinan , Zhang Yao , Wang Kaicun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the context of increasingly frequent and severe climate extremes, an understanding of the impacts of these events on gross primary production (GPP) and thus on land carbon uptake is crucial. However, research utilizing new model outputs to assess the future trends, characteristics, and driving factors of GPP reduction associated with extreme events remains limited. Here, we use model outputs from Phase Six of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of negative GPP extreme events during the 21st century. We find a notable increase in negative GPP extremes globally under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario. They are characterized by longer durations and larger sizes, despite the smaller number of events. Under the SSP1‐2.6 scenario, while the total negative GPP extremes remain relatively stable, hotspots, including tropical forests, southern China, and boreal forest zones, still experience increases in negative extremes. By attributing these GPP extremes to climate conditions, we identified compound hot and dry conditions, which contributed to over 40% of the negative GPP extremes under both scenarios, as the dominant driver, followed by single‐driver dry conditions. Under SSP5‐8.5, the increasing contribution of compound hot and dry conditions leads to greater GPP reductions through prolonged and intensified negative extreme events. Compared with CMIP5 models, CMIP6 models project an asymmetry of negative and positive GPP extreme events that favors more negative extremes across most regions. Our findings highlight the escalating damage from climate extremes on future ecosystem productivity, emphasizing the urgent need for effective mitigation and adaptation actions.
Extreme Climate as the Primary Control of Global Soil Organic Carbon Across Spatial Scales
Authors: Wei Yucheng , Wang Mingming , Viscarra Rossel R. A. , Chen Hong , Luo Zhongkui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) stock exhibits substantial variability across spatial scales and depths. Drivers of such variability may be scale‐ and depth‐dependent, but have been rarely systematically investigated. Assessing SOC measurements of 113,013 soil profiles worldwide, we show that climate, encompassing mean modern‐ and paleo‐climate and climate extremes, is the predominant determinant across scales (from 50 km to the globe) and depths, explaining 34%–62% of the spatial variability of SOC stocks depending on the spatial scale and soil depth layer assessed. On finer scales (50–100 km), soil properties and mean modern‐ and paleo‐climate are dominant in all soil depth layers. At broader scales (>100 km), the significance of climate extremes intensifies, alone explaining 27%–32% of the spatial variability of SOC stocks. Furthermore, we find nonlinear relationships of SOC stocks with most factors, while the relationship with the same factor is distinct across scales and depths. These results reinforce climate, particularly extremes, as the primary driving force of whole‐soil carbon distribution across the globe, emphasizing the need to factor extremes into carbon management strategies.
Centennial‐Scale Recovery of the North Atlantic Summer Storm Track Weakening
Authors: Chemke R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe North Atlantic storm track plays a critical role in setting the regional weather and climate over Western Europe. In response to anthropogenic emissions, the summer North Atlantic storm track has weakened in recent decades and is projected to continue weakening by the end of this century. In light of growing efforts to mitigate climate change, it is crucial to assess how reversible the CO2‐induced storm track weakening is. Here, I show that under CO2 removal scenarios, the recovery timescale of the storm track is more than double its weakening period. It is found that due to a prolonged high‐latitude warming, postponing the execution of mitigation policies beyond doubling of CO2 concentrations would lead to a centennial‐scale recovery of the storms. Given the impacts of weakening summer storms on weather and extreme events, the delayed recovery of the storms might have broader regional consequences for Western Europe.
Distribution Characteristics and Dynamics of Marine Hydrogen in the Eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Jiang Yu‐Cheng , Xu Gao‐Bin , Xu Feng , Wang Jian , Zhou Li‐Min , Zhang Hong‐Hai , Chen Zhao‐Hui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe ocean serves as a significant contributor of atmospheric Hydrogen (H2) with indirect greenhouse effects. However, uncertainties persist regarding internal production and consumption processes of marine H2, as well as controlling factors. Our study examined the spatial distribution and source‐sink dynamics of marine H2 in the Eastern Indian Ocean. H2 concentrations in surface seawater exhibited a range of 2.95–21.96 nmol L−1. High concentrations of H2 were observed in the anoxic water in the Bay of Bengal. Rates of H2 photo‐production and microbial consumption in surface seawater ranged from 1.80 to 17.78 nmol L−1 h−1 and 1.02–9.18 nmol L−1 h−1, respectively. When considering the entire mixed layer, photo‐production contribute to approximately 31%–43% of the total H2 removal, with cyanobacteria potentially serving as another source in the mixed layer. Compared with the sea‐to‐air exchange, microbial consumption was the primary removal pathway of H2 in seawater.
Crustal Deformation and Seismic Velocity Perturbations in the Alto Tiberina Fault Zone (Northern Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Almagro Vidal C. , Zaccarelli L. , Pintori F. , Serpelloni E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCrustal perturbations related to seismic activity can generally be observed with the occurrence of a large magnitude event. For less energetic seismic sequences though, the associated transient crustal variations are questionably measurable, and their observation gets easily obscured by relatively stronger perturbations such as the ones related to hydrological processes. In this study we reveal the significant role that terrestrial water‐storage variations play in governing temporal crustal changes in the tectonically active Northern Apennines of Italy, and discuss the potential of accounting for its correction in order to monitor the relatively weaker transient perturbations caused by local seismic swarms. This area is characterized by an extensive level of low‐energetic seismic activity, typically clustered in time and space, of which three main seismic swarms outstand during the 12 year period of study (2010–2021). Our analysis compares independent observations and processing methods of Global Navigation Satellite System measurements and ambient seismic noise recordings. We adopt a multivariate statistical approach to discriminate between independent sources of ground deformation, and seismic noise cross‐correlation analysis to monitor relative seismic‐velocity variations. The result shows how the perturbation effects produced by variations in total water content are dominant in both time series of ground deformations and seismic‐velocity variations. After correcting for the water‐related variation effects, our monitoring results reveal perturbations in the crustal properties whose activation time and depth range correlate with the occurrences of the seismic swarms.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Lunar Core 73001: Upper Limit on Hydration in a Lunar Sample With No History of Exposure to Terrestrial Water Vapor
Authors: Lucey Paul G. , Zeigler Ryan A. , Sun Lingzhi , Flom Abigail , Mosie Andrea B. , Gross Juliane , Chertok Marley A. , Ferrari‐Wong Chiara , Ireland Schelin M. ,   the ANGSA Team
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe lunar surface exhibits an absorption band near 3 μm due to hydration, either water or hydroxyl. In most analyses, the band is variable at least in latitude and temperature. Hypotheses for the variability include infilling of the band by thermal emission, migration of molecular water along temperature gradients, and formation and destruction of metastable hydroxyl as solar wind hydrogen diffuses through lunar surface grains. The degree to which lunar soil exhibits an inherent hydration feature in the absence of environmental influences is an open question. The recent opening of Apollo core sample 73001 that was sealed in vacuum on the lunar surface and curated in dry nitrogen since its return from the Moon affords an opportunity to determine if lunar soil exhibits a spectral feature due to hydration isolated from the lunar environment. To that end, near the close of dissection of the core into samples for allocation to the lunar science community, we introduced an infrared spectrometer into the nitrogen purged curation cabinet and collected reflectance spectra of portions of the core between 2 and 4 μm. We found no evidence of absorption due to hydration to 1.1% band depth uncertainty. The measurements were relative to a diffuse aluminum standard, which itself could possibly absorb light at 3 μm due to a thin film of water; we estimate a possible negative bias of about 50 μg/g equivalent water absorption, leading to a final estimate of core water abundance of 50 μg/g ± 50 μg/g. This finding does not contradict prior estimates of lunar surface hydration as core sample 73001 is immature and may not have had sufficient opportunity to gather enough hydrogen from the solar wind or water from micrometeorites to form detectable hydration. After exposure of the core to laboratory atmosphere, a strong 3 μm absorption developed, equivalent to over 1,000 μg/g at a rate of about 5 μg/g per minute, illustrating the sensitivity of lunar materials to water contamination, and the effectiveness of curation of the sample.
Long-distance decay-less spin transport in indirect excitons in a van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Zhou Zhiwen , Szwed E. A. , Choksy D. J. , Fowler-Gerace L. H. , Butov L. V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn addition to its fundamental interest, the long-distance spin transport is essential for spintronic devices. However, the spin relaxation caused by scattering of the particles carrying the spin limits spin transport. We explored spatially indirect excitons (IXs) in van der Waals heterostructures composed of atomically thin layers of transition-metal dichalcogenides as spin carries. We observed the long-distance spin transport: the spin polarized excitons travel over the entire sample, ~10 micron away from the excitation spot, with no spin density decay. This transport is characterized by the 1/e decay distances reaching ~100 micron. The 1/e decay distances are extracted from fits over the ~10 micron sample size. The emergence of long-distance spin transport is observed at the densities and temperatures where the IX transport decay distances and, in turn, scattering times are strongly enhanced. The suppression of IX scattering suppresses the spin relaxation and enables the long-distance spin transport.
Optogenetic patterning generates multi-strain biofilms with spatially distributed antibiotic resistance
Authors: Jin Xiaofan , Riedel-Kruse Ingmar H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpatial organization of microbes in biofilms enables crucial community function such as division of labor. However, quantitative understanding of such emergent community properties remains limited due to a scarcity of tools for patterning heterogeneous biofilms. Here we develop a synthetic optogenetic toolkit ‘Multipattern Biofilm Lithography’ for rational engineering and orthogonal patterning of multi-strain biofilms, inspired by successive adhesion and phenotypic differentiation in natural biofilms. We apply this toolkit to profile the growth dynamics of heterogeneous biofilm communities, and observe the emergence of spatially modulated commensal relationships due to shared antibiotic protection against the beta-lactam ampicillin. Supported by biophysical modeling, these results yield in-vivo measurements of key parameters, e.g., molecular beta-lactamase production per cell and length scale of antibiotic zone of protection. Our toolbox and associated findings provide quantitative insights into the spatial organization and distributed antibiotic protection within biofilms, with direct implications for future biofilm research and engineering.