bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyberbullying and problematic Internet use in Colombia, Uruguay and Spain: Cross-cultural study
Authors: Yudes-Gómez Carolina , Baridon-Chauvie Daniela , González-Cabrera Joaquín-Manuel 
Published: May 2018

The goal of this cross-cultural study was to analyze and compare the cybervictimization and cyberaggression scores, and the problematic Internet use between Spain, Colombia and Uruguay. Despite cultural similarities between the Spanish and the South American contexts, there are few empirical studies that have comparatively examined this issue. The study sample consisted of 2,653 subjects aged 10-18 years. Data was collected through the cyberbullying questionnaire and the Spanish version of the “Revised generalized and problematic Internet use scale”. Results showed a higher prevalence of minor cyberbullying behavior in Spain between 10-14 years. In the three countries compared, there was a higher prevalence of two types of bystanders: the defender of the victim and the outsider, although in Colombia there were more profiles of assistant to the bully. Regarding the problematic use of the Internet, there were not differences between the three countries. We provide evidence on the relationship between cybervictimization and cyberaggression and problematic use of the Internet. The dimensions of compulsive use and regulation of mood are the best predictors of cyberbullying. We discuss our results in relation to the possible normalization of violence and its lack of recognition as such.
El objetivo de este estudio transcultural ha sido analizar y comparar las puntuaciones de cibervictimización y ciberagresión, y el uso problemático de Internet en adolescentes de España, Colombia y Uruguay, ya que pese a las semejanzas culturales existentes entre el contexto latinoamericano y español son escasos los estudios empíricos que los han comparado previamente. La muestra estuvo formada por 2.653 participantes de 10 a 18 años. Se recogieron datos a través del cuestionario de ciberacoso y de la versión en castellano del «Revised generalized and problematic Internet use scale». Los resultados ponen de manifiesto una mayor prevalencia de conductas de ciberacoso leve en España entre los 10-14 años. En los tres países, destacan dos roles de ciberobservador: defensor de la víctima y no comprometido ante la agresión, aunque con más perfiles de apoyo al agresor en Colombia. No se observan diferencias en un uso problemático de Internet entre los tres países. Se proporcionan evidencias sobre la relación de la cibervictimización y ciberagresión con el uso problemático de Internet. Las dimensiones de uso compulsivo y regulación del estado anímico son las que mejor predicen el ciberacoso. Los resultados son discutidos con relación a la posible normalización de la violencia y su falta de reconocimiento como tal.
Excessive use of social networks: Psychosocial profile of Spanish adolescents
Authors: Malo-Cerrato Sara , Martín-Perpiñá Maria-de-las-Mercedes , Viñas-Poch Ferran 
Published: May 2018

Understanding the factors that predict excessive use of social networks in adolescence can help prevent problems as addictive behaviours, loneliness or cyberbullying. The main aim was to ascertain the psychological and social profile of adolescents whose use of SNSS is excessive. Participants comprised 1,102 adolescents aged between 11 and 18 from Girona (Spain). Those who made excessive use of social networks were grouped together. Their personality and social profiles were explored, the former using NEO FFI, NEO PI-R and Self-Concept AF5, and the latter through the use of Social Support Appraisals, self-attributed type of ICT use in the family and rules regarding ICT use at home. The prevalence of excessive use was 12.8%, being higher among girls. The personality profile was characterized by neuroticism, impulsivity and a lower family, academic and emotional self-concept. The social profile was defined by the perception of high ICT consump¬tion in the mother and siblings, and a lack of rules. The protective factors were conscientiousness, the existence of rules, and being a boy; risk factors were the use of SNSS as a distraction and for fun, and the perception of high sibling consumption. Interventions based on gender and working on responsible ICT use within the family environment are proposed to prevent more serious psychological problems.
Poder entender los factores que predicen un uso excesivo de redes sociales en la adolescencia puede ayudar a prevenir problemas como conductas adictivas, soledad o ciberacoso. El principal objetivo es explorar el perfil psicológico y social de adolescentes que realizan un uso excesivo de redes sociales. Participaron 1.102 adolescentes de 11 a 18 años de Girona (España). Se agruparon los que realizaban un uso excesivo y se exploró su perfil de personalidad (NEO FFI, NEO PI-R y autoconcepto AF5) y el social (apoyo social percibido, tipología autoatribuida de consumo de TIC en la familia y normas de uso de las TIC en el hogar). La prevalencia de uso excesivo fue del 12,8%, siendo mayor en chicas. El perfil de personalidad se caracterizaba por el neuroticismo, la impulsividad y menor autoconcepto familiar, académico y emocional. Percibir elevado consumo de TIC en la madre y hermanos y no disponer de normas de uso define su perfil social. Los factores protectores fueron: la responsabilidad, tener normas de uso y ser chico, y los de riesgo: el uso de redes sociales para distraerse y divertirse, y la elevada percepción de consumo de los hermanos. Se sugiere plantear intervenciones según el sexo y trabajar el uso responsable de las TIC con el entorno familiar, para prevenir problemáticas psicológicas más graves.
Effects of Influenza on Alveolar Macrophage Viability Are Dependent on Mouse Genetic Strain
Authors: Califano Danielle , Furuya Yoichi , Metzger Dennis W. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Secondary bacterial coinfections following influenza virus pose a serious threat to human health. Therefore, it is of significant clinical relevance to understand the immunological causes of this increased susceptibility. Influenza-induced alterations in alveolar macrophages (AMs) have been shown to be a major underlying cause of the increased susceptibility to bacterial superinfection. However, the mechanisms responsible for this remain under debate, specifically in terms of whether AMs are depleted in response to influenza infection or are maintained postinfection, but with disrupted phagocytic activity. The data presented in this article resolves this issue by showing that either mechanism can differentially occur in individual mouse strains. BALB/c mice exhibited a dramatic IFN-γ–dependent reduction in levels of AMs following infection with influenza A, whereas AM levels in C57BL/6 mice were maintained throughout the course of influenza infection, although the cells displayed an altered phenotype, namely an upregulation in CD11b expression. These strain differences were observed regardless of whether infection was performed with low or high doses of influenza virus. Furthermore, infection with either the H1N1 A/California/04/2009 (CA04) or H1N1 A/PR8/1934 (PR8) virus strain yielded similar results. Regardless of AM viability, both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice showed a high level of susceptibility to postinfluenza bacterial infection. These findings resolve the apparent inconsistencies in the literature, identify mouse strain–dependent differences in the AM response to influenza infection, and ultimately may facilitate translation of the mouse model to clinical application.
Comparison of different base materials on fracture strength of mesio-occlusal-distal composite restorations
Authors: Oz Fatma Dilsad , Ergin Esra , Gurgan Sevil 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different base materials on fracture strength of mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) composite restorations. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight extracted, intact maxillary molar teeth with standardized, deep MOD cavities were randomly assigned into four groups according to the base material placed: Control group (CO); no base material, SDR group; bulk-fill flowable composite, CGIC group; chemically curing glass ionomer cement (GIC), and RGIC group; light curing resin reinforced GIC. All the specimens were then restored with a nanocomposite (CeramX Duo/Dentsply) in combination with etch and rinse adhesive following the manufacturer’s instructions. After aging fracture, strength of the specimens was tested by the application of a ramped oblique load to the buccal cusp in a universal testing machine. Mean fracture strength values for each group were calculated and compared using one-way ANOVA (P = 0.05). Fracture patterns of the specimens were also evaluated. Results: The mean loads necessary to fracture the samples were as follows: control: 819.22 ± 253.65; SDR: 694.46 ± 266. 55; CGIC: 559.15 ± 277.34; RGIC 861.87 ± 277.28: N. The control and RGIC groups showed significantly higher fracture strength than CGIC and SDR groups (P < 0.05). Although the mean fracture strength value of SDR group was higher than that of CGIC group, the difference between these groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Most frequently observed fracture patterns were adhesive (58.3%) in CO, cohesive (50%) in SDR group, cohesive (83.3%) in CGIC group, and mixed (41.7%) in RGIC group. Conclusions: Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement as a base material or restoration of the tooth only with composite resin resulted in higher fracture strength than composite resin restoration with a conventional glass ionomer base or a flowable bulk-fill material. Fracture pattern distributions diversed according to the base material placed under composite restoration.
Child physical abuse: Perception and responsibility of dentists living in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Hashim Raghad , Al-Dallal Samar 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate dentists’ level of knowledge and experience regarding child physical abuse in the United Arab Emirates, to identify barriers that prevent the reporting of suspected cases by dental practitioners, and to assess the need for training dentists in child protection. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 124 dentists working in private practice in the Emirate of Dubai; the data were collected by self-administered structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive analyses for responses to each question. Results: Of all general dental practitioners invited to participate, only 70% have responded. Almost one-quarter of the dentists encountered a suspicious child abuse case at least once in their career, but only 30% of those reported their suspicion. The most common barriers that preclude the dentists from reporting child abuse cases were uncertainty about their diagnosis, lack of knowledge regarding referral procedures, followed by the fear of violence in the family toward the child. However, the majority of the participants were aware of their legal responsibilities toward protecting children from abuse and they expressed their need for further training in this area. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it appears that the level of knowledge among the respondents regarding the recognition and reporting of child physical abuse was lacking. Therefore, specialized training in this area is highly recommended.
Fourier Spaces and Completely Isometric Representations of Arens Product Algebras
Authors: Stokke Ross 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMotivated by the definition of a semigroup compactication of a locally compact group and a large collection of examples, we introduce the notion of an (operator) homogeneous left dual Banach algebra (HLDBA) over a (completely contractive) Banach algebra
$A$
. We prove a Gelfand-type representation theorem showing that every HLDBA over A has a concrete realization as an (operator) homogeneous left Arens product algebra: the dual of a subspace of
$A^{\ast }$
with a compatible (matrix) norm and a type of left Arens product
$\Box$
. Examples include all left Arens product algebras over
$A$
, but also, when
$A$
is the group algebra of a locally compact group, the dual of its Fourier algebra. Beginning with any (completely) contractive (operator)
$A$
-module action
$Q$
on a space
$X$
, we introduce the (operator) Fourier space
$({\mathcal{F}}_{Q}(A^{\ast }),\Vert \cdot \Vert _{Q})$
and prove that
$({\mathcal{F}}_{Q}(A^{\ast })^{\ast },\Box )$
is the unique (operator) HLDBA over
$A$
for which there is a weak
$^{\ast }$
-continuous completely isometric representation as completely bounded operators on
$X^{\ast }$
extending the dual module representation. Applying our theory to several examples of (completely contractive) Banach algebras
$A$
and module operations, we provide new characterizations of familiar HLDBAs over A and we recover, and often extend, some (completely) isometric representation theorems concerning these HLDBAs.
Profit efficiency of banks in Colombia with undesirable output: a directional distance function approach
Authors: Almanza Camilo , Rodríguez Jhon James Mora 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article analyzes the sources of bank efficiency in Colombia over the period 2000–2011. To perform this research, the authors propose a score of bank efficiency using the directional distance function, which was estimated using data envelopment analysis. Additionally, they use an ordered probit panel regression to explore the effects of some market-related and bank-specific factors on efficiency. The results show that the noninclusion of non-performing loans (NPLs) leads to higher bank inefficiency indicators, which are significantly different from those obtained when NPLs are included. Further, they find that economic growth, capital risk, foreign and national banks, and account liquidity risk explain, in part, the efficiency of Colombian banks.
The airglow layer emission altitude cannot be determined unambiguously from temperature comparison with lidars
Authors: Dunker Tim 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. I investigate the nightly mean emission height and width of the
OH* (3–1) layer by comparing nightly mean temperatures measured by
the ground-based spectrometer GRIPS 9 and the Na lidar at ALOMAR. The
data set contains 42 coincident measurements taken between November 2010 and
February 2014, when GRIPS 9 was in operation at the ALOMAR observatory
(69.3∘ N, 16.0∘ E) in northern Norway. To closely resemble the
mean temperature measured by GRIPS 9, I weight each nightly mean temperature
profile measured by the lidar using Gaussian distributions with 40 different
centre altitudes and 40 different full widths at half maximum. In principle,
one can thus determine the altitude and width of an airglow layer by finding
the minimum temperature difference between the two instruments. On most
nights, several combinations of centre altitude and width yield a temperature
difference of ±2 K. The generally assumed altitude of 87 km
and width of 8 km is never an unambiguous, good solution for any of
the measurements. Even for a fixed width of ∼ 8.4 km, one can
sometimes find several centre altitudes that yield equally good temperature
agreement. Weighted temperatures measured by lidar are not suitable to unambiguously
determine the emission height and width of an airglow layer.
However, when actual altitude and width data are lacking, a comparison with
lidars can provide an estimate of how representative a measured rotational
temperature is of an assumed altitude and width. I found the rotational
temperature to represent the temperature at the commonly assumed altitude of
87.4 km and width of 8.4 km to within ±16 K, on
average. This is not a measurement uncertainty.
May Wilson Preston and the Birth of Fitzgerald's Flapper: Illustrating Social Transformation in “Bernice Bobs Her Hair”
Authors: Nolan Jennifer 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Readers of F. Scott Fitzgerald's fiction in the Saturday Evening Post encountered his stories within a matrix of visual materials familiar both in format and in terms of the artists who produced them. “Bernice Bobs Her Hair,” published in the Post on May 1, 1920, is routinely recognized by scholars for helping to solidify the young Fitzgerald's reputation as a social historian for the Jazz Age and its youth. Yet the extraction of the text alone from its original site of publication has caused scholars to overlook the role of the illustrator in this process. While Fitzgerald was still relatively unknown when the story appeared, May Wilson Preston was an established artist who had been depicting, debating, and reframing young womanhood for over a decade, though she is largely unknown today. Far from being incidental, Preston's popularity and status framed and lent credibility to Fitzgerald's story about the first generation of young women granted the rights for which she and many others fought. This article examines the works of both artists to explore how the textual and the pictorial functioned together for Fitzgerald's audiences, and considers the problematic implications of the work of female illustrators being written out of American literary and cultural history.
From Journal Debate to Novelistic Form: The Case of Margarita de niebla (1927)
Authors: Fernández Vanessa Marie 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
A critical site that reflected cultural and ideological differences within the literary field during the 1920s, Spanish and Latin American Modernist journals traversed borders and provided a forum in which intellectuals experimented with aesthetics and debated their ideas. This article focuses on a 1926 altercation in Valoraciones (La Plata 1923–27) and El Estudiante (Salamanca—Madrid 1925–26) between Mexican Jaime Torres Bodet and Spaniard Benjamín Jarnés that shows how seemingly minor exchanges actually played an important role in Modernist aesthetics both within national boundaries and across the Atlantic.
Deslorelin Implant Treatment for Hair Cycle Arrest (Alopecia X) in Two Intact Male Keeshonden
Authors: Layne Elizabeth A. , Richmond Renee V. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Alopecia in dogs occurs secondary to a variety of underlying inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions. Hair cycle arrest (alopecia X) is a noninflammatory alopecia that is frustrating to diagnose and treat due to lack of understanding of disease pathogenesis. A variety of therapies for hair cycle arrest have been described with inconsistent efficacy in different dog breeds and sexes; no definitive treatment is available. This report describes the use of a deslorelin acetate implant in two sexually intact adult male keeshonden, both diagnosed with hair cycle arrest. The dogs had progressive alopecia of the trunk that spared the head and distal limbs present for at least 2 yr. Diagnosis of hair cycle arrest was made based on clinical features, dermatohistopathology, and lack of systemic abnormalities. Treatment with a single subcutaneous 4.7 mg deslorelin acetate implant resulted in profuse hair regrowth within 3.5 mo that endured for at least 14 mo. Deslorelin implantation is a management option that is safe, affordable, and appears effective for sexually intact male keeshonden with hair cycle arrest.
Análisis del conocimiento táctico a través del procedimiento d evaluación del deporte del equipo / TSAP: Un estudio de caso en baloncesto
Authors: Catarino L. M. , Carvalho H. M. , Gonçalves C. E. 
Published: May 2018

<p>Durante la temporada, los jugadores pueden ser observados y evaluados en dos ambientes: en situación de partido y en situación de entreno. En baloncesto, la falta de un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar de forma objetiva el nivel de conocimiento táctico, es el problema principal en los procesos de formación y en las comunidades de entrenamiento. Team Sport Assessment Procedure fue ideado por Grahaigne, Godbout &amp; Bouthier, brindando a los profesores datos objetivos sobre las actuaciones ofensivas de los estudiantes. Dos jugadores profesionales fueron observados mediante análisis de video por tres observadores, a fin de determinar la validad del TSAP en baloncesto táctico en situación de partido. El valor del coeficiente k de Cohen (k = 0,88) revela un acuerdo entre observadores casi perfecta lo que significa que los observadores registraron las mismas acciones y los interpretan de la misma manera. Los resultados muestran que el TSAP es una herramienta válida y fiable para evaluar elementos ofensivos en juego del partido y fácilmente utilizable por entrenadores y jugadores.</p><p> </p>
Detección de estructuras temporales en baloncesto
Authors: Pic Aguilar M. 
Published: May 2018

<p>Resumir un partido de baloncesto a la efectividad en el lanzamiento, rebotes ofensivos y/o defensivos, entre otros indicadores; puede ser arriesgado, partiendo de la complejidad relacional existente en un partido de baloncesto. A pesar de ello, tradicionalmente ha sido investigado el éxito en baloncesto sobre datos sin una referencia temporal. La identificación de regularidades temporales y conductuales puede ser un reto de investigación que ayude a concretar la planificación de entrenamientos, así como la optimización estratégica de los equipos. El registro temporal de aciertos y fallos en el lanzamiento entre otros indicadores, puede ofrecer una dependencia temporal ineludible, invisible a una mirada aparente. Es este el propósito primordial del trabajo para optimizar las estrategias puestas en práctica en los partidos y con ello, la concreción de rutinas más ecológicas de acuerdo con las demandas de los partidos en los entrenamientos. Fue empleada una metodología observacional con un diseño nomotético, puntual y multidimensional para el registro de conductas motrices organizadas en torno a un sistema mixto de registro ‘had oc’. Para el análisis de la dimensión temporal de los registros fue empleada la técnica T-patterns (Magnusson, 2000), posibilitando así, la identificación de asimetrías motrices. Los resultados muestran regularidades temporales y estratégicas más relevantes. La identificación de itinerarios estratégicos de los equipos revelan la acomodación funcional entre los equipos. </p>
Mitochondrial regulation in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Rafiq Mehak , Thompson Elinor 
Published: May 2018

Proteolysis is increasingly documented as a method of regulation of mitochondrial function. Our studies of rhomboidfamily proteins’ roles in organelles show that this is also the case in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, in which four of these membrane-bound, evolutionarily ubiquitous, serine proteases are found. Rhomboid proteases act on disparate substrates in different organisms so far studied, but their mode of action is conserved: their location in the membrane means that their membrane-tethered substrates can act in signalling upon release, or be activated, by rhomboid-mediated cleavage. Among eukaryotic rhomboids is the mitochondrial protease ‘PARL’, which ensures the maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of mitochondria and plastids, but we have found that other Dictyostelium rhomboids also affect the organelle. Studying the development and behaviour of Dictyostelium, a microbial model organism with a complex life cycle that includes uni- and multicellular stages, allowed investigation of the role of rhomboids in unicellular vegetative growth, multicellular development and sporulation, phagocytosis, and response to the environment.
We found that two rhomboid-null mutants gave rise to changes in development, rhmA altering the response to chemoattractants and demonstrating decreased motility in general, whereas rhmB null cells had slower growth rates with decreased response to folic acid. RhmA, although located in the contractile vacuole, affects the ultrastructure of mitochondria, and RhmB-GFP fusions protein was localised to the mitochondrion. qPCR analysis revealed RhmA and RhmB transcript levels peaking during the multicellular growth phase and transcriptional networks suggest the Dictyostelium rhmA is regulated along with the orthologues of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial rhomboid substrates.