bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palmitoyl ascorbic acid 2-glucoside has the potential to protect mammalian cells from high-LET carbon-ion radiation
Authors: Haskins Alexis H. , Buglewicz Dylan J. , Hirakawa Hirokazu , Fujimori Akira , Aizawa Yasushi , Kato Takamitsu A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDMSO, glycerol, and ascorbic acid (AA) are used in pharmaceuticals and known to display radioprotective effects. The present study investigates radioprotective properties of novel glyceryl glucoside, ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, glyceryl ascorbate, and palmitoyl ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (PA). Gamma-rays or high-LET carbon-ions were irradiated in the presence of tested chemicals. Lambda DNA damage, cell survival, and micronuclei formation of CHO cells were analyzed to evaluate radioprotective properties. Radiation-induced Lambda DNA damage was reduced with chemical pre-treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. This confirmed tested chemicals were radical scavengers. For gamma-irradiation, enhanced cell survival and reduction of micronuclei formation were observed for all chemicals. For carbon-ion irradiation, DMSO, glycerol, and PA displayed radioprotection for cell survival. Based on cell survival curves, protection levels by PA were confirmed and comparable between gamma-rays and high-LET carbon-ions. Micronuclei formation was only decreased with AA and a high concentration of glycerol treatment, and not decreased with PA treatment. This suggests that mechanisms of protection against high-LET carbon-ions by PA can differ from normal radical scavenging effects that protect DNA from damage.
Tidal and hydrological periodicities of seismicity reveal new risk scenarios at Campi Flegrei caldera
Authors: Petrosino Simona , Cusano Paola , Madonia Paolo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe volcano-tectonic seismicity occurring at Campi Flegrei caldera during its present unrest phase, started in 2005, is distributed into time-clustered events emerging from a background composed of earthquakes with higher inter-arrival times. Here, we show that clustered seismicity is cyclically recurrent at time scales from semidiurnal to annual, matching tidal and hydrological periodicities. These results suggest that volcano-tectonic seismicity at Campi Flegrei caldera is driven by both variations in the deep magmatic feeding system and exogenous phenomena, as rainfall or global inflation/deflation cycles of the Earth’s crust, controlled by the lunisolar interaction. Consequently, the role of exogenous triggers in the evolution of the present unrest phase should be properly considered in the elaboration of volcanic risk scenarios, presently limited to the study of surface indicators of deep phenomena.
Direct measurement of the capillary condensation time of a water nanobridge
Authors: Vitorino Miguel V. , Vieira Arthur , Marques Carolina A. , Rodrigues Mario S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWater menisci wet all sorts of cavities, produce among the most intense forces at the nanoscale and play a role in many physical and chemical processes. The physical properties of these menisci are therefore relevant to understand a multitude of phenomena at the nanoscale where these are involved. Here, using a force feedback microscope, we directly measured the capillary condensation time of a water meniscus, by approaching two surfaces at different speeds and monitoring the relative position of the surfaces at the instant the meniscus is formed.
The Thaumarchaeon N. gargensis carries functional bioABD genes and has a promiscuous E. coli ΔbioH-complementing esterase EstN1
Authors: Chow Jennifer , Danso Dominik , Ferrer Manuel , Streit Wolfgang R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBiotin is an essential cofactor required for carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions in all domains of life. While biotin biosynthesis in most Bacteria and Eukarya is well studied, the complete pathway for this vitamer in Archaea is still not known. Detailed genome searches indicated the presence of possible bio gene clusters only in Methanococcales and Thaumarchaeota. Therefore, we analysed the functionality of the predicted genes bioA, bioB, bioD and bioF in the Thaumarchaeon Nitrososphaera gargensis Ga2.9 which are essential for the later steps of biotin synthesis. In complementation tests, the gene cluster-encoded N. gargensis bioABD genes except bioF restored growth of corresponding E. coli Rosetta-gami 2 (DE3) deletion mutants. To find out how biotin biosynthesis is initiated, we searched the genome for a possible bioH analogue encoding a pimeloyl-ACP-methylester carboxylesterase. The respective amino acid sequence of the ORF estN1 showed weak conserved domain similarity to this class of enzymes (e-value 3.70e−42). Remarkably, EstN1 is a promiscuous carboxylesterase that complements E. coli ΔbioH and Mesorhizobium loti ΔbioZ mutants for growth on biotin-free minimal medium. Additional 3D-structural models support the hypothesis that EstN1 is a BioH analogue. Thus, this is the first report providing experimental evidence that Archaea carry functional bio genes.
Two Tau binding sites on tubulin revealed by thiol-disulfide exchanges
Authors: Martinho Marlène , Allegro Diane , Huvent Isabelle , Chabaud Charlotte , Etienne Emilien , Kovacic Hervé , Guigliarelli Bruno , Peyrot Vincent , Landrieu Isabelle , Belle Valérie , Barbier Pascale 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTau is a Microtubule-associated protein that induces and stabilizes the formation of the Microtubule cytoskeleton and plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. The Microtubules binding region of Tau has been determined for a long time but where and how Tau binds to its partner still remain a topic of debate. We used Site Directed Spin Labeling combined with EPR spectroscopy to monitor Tau upon binding to either Taxol-stabilized MTs or to αβ-tubulin when Tau is directly used as an inducer of MTs formation. Using maleimide-functionalized labels grafted on the two natural cysteine residues of Tau, we found in both cases that Tau remains highly flexible in these regions confirming the fuzziness of Tau:MTs complexes. More interestingly, using labels linked by a disulfide bridge, we evidenced for the first time thiol disulfide exchanges between αβ-tubulin or MTs and Tau. Additionally, Tau fragments having the two natural cysteines or variants containing only one of them were used to determine the role of each cysteine individually. The difference observed in the label release kinetics between preformed MTs or Tau-induced MTs, associated to a comparison of structural data, led us to propose two putative binding sites of Tau on αβ-tubulin.
Assortative mixing in spatially-extended networks
Authors: Makarov Vladimir V. , Kirsanov Daniil V. , Frolov Nikita S. , Maksimenko Vladimir A. , Li Xuelong , Wang Zhen , Hramov Alexander E. , Boccaletti Stefano 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe focus on spatially-extended networks during their transition from short-range connectivities to a scale-free structure expressed by heavy-tailed degree-distribution. In particular, a model is introduced for the generation of such graphs, which combines spatial growth and preferential attachment. In this model the transition to heterogeneous structures is always accompanied by a change in the graph’s degree-degree correlation properties: while high assortativity levels characterize the dominance of short distance couplings, long-range connectivity structures are associated with small amounts of disassortativity. Our results allow to infer that a disassortative mixing is essential for establishing long-range links. We discuss also how our findings are consistent with recent experimental studies of 2-dimensional neuronal cultures.
Effect of adjunctive single high-dose vitamin D3 on outcome of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised adults: The VIDCAPS randomised controlled trial
Authors: Slow Sandy , Epton Michael , Storer Malina , Thiessen Rennae , Lim Steven , Wong James , Chin Paul , Tovaranonte Pleayo , Pearson John , Chambers Stephen T. , Murdoch David R. ,   VIDCAPS Group, Jardine David , Pithie Alan , Warren Christopher , Faville Suzanne , Shankar Avinesh , Cameron Evan , Evans Tom , Mooi Pamela , McDonald Christy , Chan Huan , Llewelyn John , Liu Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLow vitamin D status is associated with increased risk of pneumonia, greater disease severity and poorer outcome. However, no trials have examined the effect of adjunctive vitamin D therapy on outcomes in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of adjunctive vitamin D in adults hospitalised with CAP. Participants were randomised to either a single oral dose of 200,000 IU vitamin D3 or placebo. The primary outcome was the complete resolution of chest radiograph infiltrate at 6 weeks post-study treatment. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, intensive care admission and return to normal activity. Only participants who completed the study or died within the 6 week period were included in the analysis (n = 60 vitamin D, n = 57 placebo). Adjunctive vitamin D did not have any effect on the primary outcome (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.86, p = 0.548). However, there was evidence it increased the complete resolution of pneumonia in participants with baseline vitamin D levels <25 nmol/L (OR 17.0, 95% CI 1.40–549.45, P = 0.043), but this did not reach statistical significance using exact methods (OR 13.0, 95%CI 0.7–960.4, P = 0.083). There were no significant effects for any secondary outcome.
Experimental and Computational Studies on the Basic Transmission Properties of Electromagnetic Waves in Softmaterial Waveguides
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Xu Yuanyuan , Sun Weiqiang , Li Mingzhi , Xu Shengyong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConventional waveguides are usually made of metallic materials, and they are effective pathways for the transmission of electromagnetic waves. A “Softmaterial waveguide”, by contrast, is supposed to be made of dielectric material and ionic fluids. In this work, by means of both experiment and computational simulation we examined one kind of softmaterial waveguide, which has the configuration of ionic fluids filled in and out of a dielectric tube. We investigated configurations with varied parameters, i.e., tube thickness from 0.2 mm to 5.0 mm, tube length of 2.0–12.0 cm, ionic concentration covering 4 orders of magnitude from 0.0002–2.0 mol/L, frequency of 10 Hz to 100 MHz for sine wave excitations, pulse duration of 5 ns to 100 ms for excitation pulses. We also mimicked the myelin sheath structure in myelinated axons in simulation. Both experimental and simulation results consistently showed a clear confinement effect for the energy flux of transmitting electromagnetic waves inside the dielectric tube, strongly supporting the model of softmaterail waveguide. The results revealed that the softmaterial waveguide had a low-pass nature, where the intensity of transmitted signals saturated at a duration of 10–100 μs for pulses, or cut off at frequency of 10–100 kHz for sine waves. And, the transmission efficiency increased with the thickness of the dielectric layer, as well as ion concentration of the solution. The results may help for a better understanding various electrical communication behaviors observed in biosystems, where a natural lipid membrane with bilateral fluids was suggested as the efficient pathway for pulsed neural impulses in a way similar to soliton-like electromagnetic pulses transmitting in a softmaterial waveguide.
AKARI mid-infrared slitless spectroscopic survey of star-forming galaxies at z ≲ 0.5
Authors: Ohyama Y. , Wada T. , Matsuhara H. , Takagi T. , Malkan M. , Goto T. , Egami E. , Lee H.-M. , Im M. , Kim J.H. , Pearson C. , Inami H. , Oyabu S. , Usui F. , Burgarella D. , Mazyed F. , Imanishi M. , Jeong W.-S. , Miyaji T. , Díaz Tello J. , Nakagawa T. , Serjeant S. , Takeuchi T. T. , Toba Y. , White G. J. , Hanami H. , Ishigaki T. 
Published: September 2018

Context. Deep mid-infrared (MIR) surveys have revealed numerous strongly star-forming galaxies at redshift z ≲ 2. Their MIR fluxes are produced by a combination of continuum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission features. The PAH features can dominate the total MIR flux, but are difficult to measure without spectroscopy.
Aims. We aim to study star-forming galaxies by using a blind spectroscopic survey at MIR wavelengths to understand evolution of their star formation rate (SFR) and specific SFR (SFR per stellar mass) up to z ≃ 0.5, by paying particular attention to their PAH properties.
Methods. We conducted a low-resolution (R ≃ 50) slitless spectroscopic survey at 5–13 μm of 9 μm flux-selected sources (>0.3 mJy) around the north ecliptic pole with the infrared camera (IRC) onboard AKARI. After removing 11 AGN candidates by using the IRC photometry, we identify 48 PAH galaxies with PAH 6.2, 7.7, and 8.6 μm features at z < 0.5. The rest-frame optical–MIR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) based on CFHT and IRC imaging covering 0.37–18 μm were produced, and analysed in conjunction with the PAH spectroscopy. We defined the PAH enhancement by using the luminosity ratio of the 7.7 μm PAH feature over the 3.5 μm stellar component of the SEDs.
Results. The rest-frame SEDs of all PAH galaxies have a universal shape with stellar and 7.7 μm bumps, except that the PAH enhancement significantly varies as a function of the PAH luminosities. We identify a PAH-enhanced population at z ≳ 0.35, whose SEDs and luminosities are typical of luminous infrared galaxies. They show particularly larger PAH enhancement at high luminosity, implying that they are vigorous star-forming galaxies with elevated specific SFR. Our composite starburst model that combines a very young and optically very thick starburst with a very old population can successfully reproduce most of their SED characteristics, although we cannot confirm this optically think component from our spectral analysis.
Synthetic photometry of globular clusters: Uncertainties on synthetic colors
Authors: Martins F. 
Published: September 2018

Context. Synthetic photometry is a great tool for studying globular clusters, especially for understanding the nature of their multiple populations.
Aims. Our goal is to quantify the errors on synthetic photometry that are caused by uncertainties on stellar and observational/calibration parameters. These errors can be taken into account when building synthetic color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) that are to be compared to observed CMDs.
Methods. We have computed atmosphere models and synthetic spectra for two stars, Pollux and Procyon, that have stellar parameters typical of turn-off and bottom red giant branch stars in globular clusters. We then varied the effective temperature, surface gravity, microturbulence, the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen abundances, and [Fe/H]. We quantified the effect on synthetic photometry in the following filters: Johnson UBVRI and HST F275W, F336W, F410M, F438W, F555W, F606W, and F814W. We also estimated the effects of extinction, atmospheric correction, and of the Vega reference spectrum on the resulting photometry. In addition, we tested the ability of our models to reproduce the observed spectral energy distribution and observed photometry of the two stars.
Results. We show that variations are generally stronger in blue filters, especially those below 4500 Å. Dispersions on synthetic colors due to uncertainties on stellar parameters vary between less than 0.01 and to 0.04 magnitude, depending on the choice of filters. Uncertainties on the zero points, the extinction law, or the atmospheric correction affect the resulting colors at a level of a few 0.01 magnitudes in a systematic way. The models reproduce the flux-calibrated spectral energy distribution of both stars well. Comparison between synthetic and observed UBVRI photometry shows a variable degree of (dis)agreement. The observed differences indicate that different reduction and calibration processes are performed to obtain respectively observed and synthetic photometry, and they call for publication of all the details of the reduction process to produce synthetic photometry at a 0.01 mag level, which is required to interpret observed CMDs.
Lokale allergische Reaktion nach subkutaner Applikation von Procain bei einem Patienten mit Schulterschmerzen – Fallbericht
Authors: Weckmann Gesine , Haase Annekathrin , Chenot Jean-François 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Ein 53-jähriger Mann stellte sich mit seit 2 Wochen bestehenden Schulterschmerzen ohne Ausstrahlung in einer Hausarztpraxis vor. Bei der körperlichen Untersuchung wurden außer einer linksbetonten Verspannung der Schultermuskulatur keine Besonderheiten festgestellt.
Untersuchung und Diagnose Wegen der zu erwartenden selbstlimitierenden Art der Beschwerden wurde auf weitere Untersuchungen verzichtet. Aufgrund der lokalen Muskelverspannung ohne Ausstrahlung wurde die Verdachtsdiagnose Schulter-Arm-Syndrom angenommen.
Therapie und Verlauf Die Schmerzen wurden mit subkutaner Applikation von Procain behandelt. Hieraufhin entwickelte der Patient eine lokale allergische Reaktion in Form von Quaddeln an den Injektionsstellen, die sich im Verlauf zurückbildete.
Diskussion Anaphylaktische Reaktionen kommen selten vor, können aber lebensbedrohlich verlaufen, wenn systemische Symptome auftreten oder vitale Strukturen betroffen sind.Der Patient soll über die Bedeutung der Allergie in Bezug auf medizinische Behandlungen, wie Zahnarztbehandlungen und Kreuzreaktionen mit anderen Medikamenten, aufgeklärt werden.
Autismo: aspectos nutrológicos das dietas e possível etiologia
Authors: Anderle Tiago , de Mello Elza 
Published: September 2018

ResumoOs transtornos do espectro autista (TEAs) referem-se a um grupo de transtornos caracterizados por um espectro compartilhado de prejuízos qualitativos na interação social, associados a comportamentos repetitivos e interesses restritos pronunciados. As causas desta doença ainda continuam desconhecidas, mas devido à grande incidência de crianças acometidas, atualmente, tem-se estudado e difundido intervenções dietéticas a fim de melhorar os sintomas psíquicos e físicos de pacientes acometidos por TEAs. Dietas de exclusão tornaram-se cada vez mais populares entre os pais que procuram tratamento para crianças diagnosticadas com autismo, como a dieta cetogênica, a dieta de carboidratos específicos, a dieta Feingold, a dieta com baixo teor de oxalato e a dieta sem glúten e sem caseína (SGSC), assim como a suplementação de complexos vitamínicos. O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura é avaliar se a dieta SGSC, que é a mais divulgada e adotada ultimamente, é realmente efetiva, e quais são as suas consequências nutricionais. Método: Foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos publicados nos últimos 5 anos. Conclusão: A dieta SGSC é a mais estudada e parece melhorar o comportamento e os transtornos gastrointestinais de crianças com TEAs.
Immunonkologische Kombination floppt in Phase-III-Studie
Authors: Schmale Ine 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Um die Effektivität der immunonkologischen Therapie weiter zu steigern, werden heute Kombinationen von PD-(L)-1-Inhibitoren mit unterschiedlichen Substanzen intensiv geprüft. Allerdings nicht immer mit dem erwünschten Ergebnis: In der Phase-III-Studie ECHO-301 beim inoperablen Melanom war das Regime mit Pembrolizumab und dem IDO-1-Inhibitor Epacadostat nicht effektiver als Pembrolizumab mono.
Neue Therapieoptionen für die rezidivierte/refraktäre Erkrankung
Authors: Schmale Ine 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die erste Jahresversammlung des European Myeloma Network (EMN) versammelte 600 Teilnehmer aus ganz Europa, um über die Fortschritte in der Therapie des multiplen Myeloms (MM) zu diskutieren. In einer Sitzung zum rezidivierten und refraktären Myelom wurden neue Therapieoptionen und der optimale Zeitpunkt und Patienten-selektion für den Einsatz aufgezeigt.
Ruxolitinib – eine additive Therapieoption?
Authors: Vollmer Helga , München M. A. 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Belastende Symptome wie potenziell lebensbedrohende thromboembolische Kompli-kationen und Splenomegalie sind typisch für eine Polycythaemia vera (PV) und eine Essentielle Thrombozythämie (ET). Wichtigstes Therapieziel ist die Reduktion des Risikos thromboembolischer Ereignisse, nicht zuletzt von Lungenembolie, kardiovas-kulären Komplikationen und Schlaganfall, durch Senkung des Hämatokrit-Wertes auf unter 45 %.
Existenzielles Leiden und sinnbezogene Interventionen
Authors: Schulz-Kindermann F. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Befindlichkeit Schwerstkranker wird üblicherweise im Rahmen der multidimensionalen gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität beschrieben. Diese erfasst jedoch nicht Aspekte existenziellen Leidens, wie sie z. B. Eric Cassell definierte. In den vergangenen Jahren entstand eine Vielzahl empirischer Arbeiten zum Erleben von und zur Intervention bei umfassendem Leiden. Mittlerweile konnte überzeugende Evidenz sowohl zur Konzeption von „Leiden“ als auch zu dessen Linderung mithilfe psychotherapeutischer Interventionen vorgelegt werden. Sinnorientierte Therapieverfahren liegen sowohl als Einzelals auch als Gruppeninterventionen vor. Ein besonders vielversprechender Ansatz ist die einzeltherapeutische Kurzzeitintervention „Managing Cancer And Living Meaningfully CALM“, deren Prüfung zurzeit in mehreren internationalen RCTs erfolgt.
Langzeitbehandlung der Inkontinenz
Authors: Schmale Ine 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Harninkontinenz ist eine bekannte Nebenwirkung bei der operativen Behandlung des Prostata- und des Harnblasenkarzinoms. Patienten mit radikaler Prostatektomie, gefolgt von der Anlage der Neoblase nach Resektion der Harnblase, machen die beiden größten Gruppen der Rehabilitationspatienten mit Harninkontinenz aus. Dr. Oliver Brock, Urologisches Kompetenzzentrum für die Rehabilitation (UKR) der Kliniken Hartenstein in Bad Wildungen, sprach in einer Sitzung der ASORS, AUO und CAO-V auf dem Deutschen Krebskongress zur Behandlung der Harninkontinenz bei urologischen Tumoren.
Optimale Länge der systemischen Therapie
Authors: Schmale Ine 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
In der täglichen Praxis stellt sich einerseits die Frage, welche Behandlung in der aktuellen Situation einzuleiten ist, aber andererseits auch, wann eine aktive Tumortherapie zu beenden ist und die palliative Betreuung mit der besten supportiven Behandlung eingeleitet werden sollte. Dr. Robert Tauber, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, gab diesbezüglich beim Deutschen Krebskongress Hilfestellung für die Entscheidungsfindung beim metastasieren kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom (mCRPC).
Molekulare Pathologie des ösophagogastralen Adenokarzinoms
Authors: Schmale Ine 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die molekularbiologische Beschreibung des Magenkarzinoms hat sich durch die Arbeit des TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) Research Network stark gewandelt. In einer aktuellen Publikation des TCGA wurden vier genomische Subtypen unterschieden: Epstein-Barr-Virus-infizierte Tumoren (EBV), Mikrosatelliten-instabile Tumoren (MSI), genomisch stabile Tumoren (GS) und chromosomal instabile Tumoren (CIN). Dabei unterscheidet sich das Plattenepithel des Ösophagus fundamental vom dem des Adenokarzinoms Das Adenokarzinom des Ösophagus bzw. des ösophagogastralen Übergangs (ÖGÜ) entspricht eher dem CIN-Subtyp des proximalen Magenkarzinoms, berichtete Prof. Timo Gaiser, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, auf dem Deutschen Krebs-kongress (DKK) in Berlin.