bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity in Human Auditory Cortex Represents Spatial Separation Between Concurrent Sounds
Authors: Shiell Martha M. , Hausfeld Lars , Formisano Elia 
Published: April 2018

The primary and posterior auditory cortex (AC) are known for their sensitivity to spatial information, but how this information is processed is not yet understood. AC that is sensitive to spatial manipulations is also modulated by the number of auditory streams present in a scene (Smith et al., 2010), suggesting that spatial and nonspatial cues are integrated for stream segregation. We reasoned that, if this is the case, then it is the distance between sounds rather than their absolute positions that is essential. To test this hypothesis, we measured human brain activity in response to spatially separated concurrent sounds with fMRI at 7 tesla in five men and five women. Stimuli were spatialized amplitude-modulated broadband noises recorded for each participant via in-ear microphones before scanning. Using a linear support vector machine classifier, we investigated whether sound location and/or location plus spatial separation between sounds could be decoded from the activity in Heschl's gyrus and the planum temporale. The classifier was successful only when comparing patterns associated with the conditions that had the largest difference in perceptual spatial separation. Our pattern of results suggests that the representation of spatial separation is not merely the combination of single locations, but rather is an independent feature of the auditory scene.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOften, when we think of auditory spatial information, we think of where sounds are coming from—that is, the process of localization. However, this information can also be used in scene analysis, the process of grouping and segregating features of a soundwave into objects. Essentially, when sounds are further apart, they are more likely to be segregated into separate streams. Here, we provide evidence that activity in the human auditory cortex represents the spatial separation between sounds rather than their absolute locations, indicating that scene analysis and localization processes may be independent.
Students’ Experience during the Integration of Traditional Games into the Elementary School Program/Učenička iskustva integracije tradicionalnih igara u osnovnoškolski program
Authors: Vasileva Marina , Malinovski Toni , Vasileva-Stojanovska Tatjana , Trajkovik Vladimir 
Published: April 2018

Abstract Even though the potential of game-based learning is widely recognized, we need to understand students to effectively integrate games in the classroom environment. This study aims to identify relevant factors that influence students’ experience during the integration of traditional children’s games into the elementary school program. The research involved 142 students from different elementary schools who participated in multiple learning sessions with pure game-based activities or games technologically enhanced with asynchronous/synchronous distance learning. A structural equation model was developed and tested using students’ responses to a survey conducted after each session. The results suggest that students’ experience is directly influenced by their motivation to participate in the new environment, their attitude during purely game-based classes, and technological behaviour during classes with distance learning activities. We also found that students of different ages showed similar subjective experience and identified a clear distinction between students’ views and learning outcomes during in-class gaming and asynchronous/synchronous conditions.Key words: classroom games; elementary school; game-based learning; structural equation model; students’ experience.---SažetakIako je potencijal učenja zasnovanog na igri široko prepoznat, učinkovita integracija igara u okruženje učionice prije svega zahtijeva bolje razumijevanje učenika. Cilj ovog istraživanja jest identificirati relevantne čimbenike koji utječu na iskustva učenika prilikom integracije tradicionalnih dječjih igara u program osnovne škole. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 142 učenika iz različitih osnovnih škola, koji su pohađali veći broj sati na kojima su se koristile isključivo aktivnosti zasnovane na igri, odnosno igre tehnološki pojačane (a)sinkronim učenjem na daljinu. U sklopu istraživanja razvijen je model zasnovan na strukturnim jednadžbama, koji je testiran uz pomoć odgovora učenika, prikupljenih s pomoću anketa provođenih nakon svakog sata. Rezultati sugeriraju da na iskustvo učenika izravno utječe njihova motivacija za sudjelovanje u novom okruženju, njihovi stavovi (u vezi sa satima zasnovanim isključivo na igri), kao i tehnološka učinkovitost (u vezi sa satima koji uključuju aktivnosti zasnovane na učenju na daljinu). Također smo ustanovili da učenici različite dobi dijele slična subjektivna iskustva te identificirali jasnu razliku između stavova učenika i ishoda učenja u kontekstu igranja u učionici i (a)sinkronog učenja. Ključne riječi: igre u učionici; osnovna škola; učenje zasnovano na igri; model strukturne jednadžbe; iskustvo učenika.
Gender Differences in Children Related to the Body Composition and Movement Coordination/Spolne razlike u tjelesnoj kompoziciji i njihova relacija s koordinacijom kod djece
Authors: Živanović Vladimir , Branković Dragan , Pelemiš Vladan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract The present research was conducted on a sample of 95 younger school children (age range 7-8 years) divided into two groups: 40 boys and 55 girls, in order to define the relation of basic anthropometric values, physical composition and BMI values to movement coordination by performing three motor tests. The ex post facto research design was used. Our results indicate that there are statistically significant gender differences related to the movement coordination in favor of the boys. Regression analyses results pointed out that the system of predictor variables in boys had statistically significant influence only on the manifestation of hypothetic motor factor of coordination for the variable Obstacle course backwards. All estimated predictor variables: body height, body weight, BMI, overall muscle tissue, overall fat tissue and overall water quantity positively correlate to this criterion. The predictor system did not have significant influence on other variables regarding the coordination assessment. Children still generally respond to the tasks; that is, the general motor factor is emphasized. A greater distinction should be expected once the children enter the prepubertal phase.Key words: bioelectrical impedance; BMI; impact on classroom teaching; morphological characteristics; motor ability. --- SažetakIstraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 95 djece mlađeg školskog uzrasta (7 – 8 godina) podijeljenih u dvije skupine: 40 dječaka i 55 djevojčica s ciljem definiranja osnovnih antropometrijskih mjera, tjelesne kompozicije, te izračunavanja vrijednosti indeksa tjelesne mase (BMI) i procijenjene koordinacije putem tri motorička testa. Koristio se ex post facto nacrt istraživanja. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno postojanje statistički značajnih razlika u pogledu koordinacije u korist dječaka. Rezultati regresijske analize ukazali su na to da je sustav prediktorskih varijabli kod dječaka imao statistički značajan utjecaj na manifestaciju hipotetskog motoričkog faktora koordinacije samo u varijabli Poligon natraške. Sve prediktorske varijable: Tjelesna visina, Tjelesna masa, BMI, Ukupna količina mišića, Ukupna količina tjelesne masti i Ukupna količina vode u pozitivnim su korelativnim odnosima s tim kriterijem. Prediktorski sustav nije ostvario značajan utjecaj s ostalim varijablama za procjenu koordinacije. Djeca još uvijek generalno reagiraju na postavljene zadatke, odnosno ističe se genaralni motorički faktor, a veće razlike treba očekivati s ulaskom djece u pretpubertetsku fazu.Ključne riječi: bioelektrična impedansa; ITM; morfološke karakteristike; motoričke sposobnosti; utjecaj na razrednu nastavu.
HISTÓRIAS DE FORMADORES DE FORMADORES – MEMÓRIAS E REFLEXÕES SOBRE A EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Guimarães Lodi Ivana 
Published: April 2018

Vidas e práticas de professores configuram-se em uma das principais temáticas das análises contemporâneas sobre o profissional da educação e investigar histórias de vida de professores formadores de formadores, constitui-se em um rico instrumento de análise. Aquilo que nos tornamos é fruto de um processo temporal marcado pela construção permanente e pela sedimentação do saber profissional. A intenção deste trabalho foi investigar o caminho percorrido e as práticas docentes, de alguns profissionais formadores de formadores dentro do UNIARAXÁ – Centro Universitário do Planalto de Araxá (MG). Para o desenvolvimento desta proposta, fizemos opção pela metodologia de história oral de vida. Foram entrevistados 10 professores, em entrevistas com questões semi-estruturadas, sendo os resultados analisadas de acordo com as seguintes categorias: Formação e cotidiano escolar; influências marcantes na formação da identidade; influências da formação na prática escolar; Desafios e perspectivas no exercício profissional. Através das narrativas que foram colhidas nesta pesquisa, foi possível recuperar e analisar alguns desses elementos constitutivos das identidades docentes, com o objetivo de não só registrar, mas analisar as diversas influências que os foram constituindo e instituindo, enquanto professores formadores de formadores.Palavras chave: História de Vida; Educação Superior; Práticas Pedagógicas.
The Correlation of Serum Total Testosterone, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and Free Androgen Index with Athens Insomnia Scale Score in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Bayuaji Hartanto , Nataprawira Heda Melinda Nazaruddin , Sastramihardja Herri Suhari 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common reproductive endocrinologic disorder in woman, was considered to be related to sleep disturbance. This study is aimed to analyze the correlation between excess androgen markers and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) in PCOS.METHODS: This observational, cross-sectional study of PCOS was conducted to 31 subjects to evaluate the correlation between serum total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and free androgen index with the incidence of sleep disturbance using AIS. Sleep disturbance was present if the score ≥6. The correlation between excess androgen markers and sleep disturbance was analyzed using Pearson’s coefficient of correlation or Spearman’s rho test. Correlation coefficient more than 0.5 with p<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: Out of 31 PCOS subjects aged 20-40 years, 39% subjects had AIS score ≥6. Mean serum testosterone in AIS score >6 group was higher than AIS score <6 group but not statistically significant (46.68 vs. 28.49 ng/mL, p>0.05). No significant correlation was found between serum total testosterone, SHBG and free androgen index with AIS score. After adjusting for AIS score, there was the moderate positive correlation between serum total testosterone level although not statistically significant (r=0.54, p=0.07).CONCLUSION: The serum total testosterone level might influence the occurrence of sleep disturbance in PCOS.KEYWORDS: PCOS, androgen excess, testosterone, sleep disturbance, Athens Insomnia Scale
Effect of Puguntano Extract (Curanga Fel-Terrae Merr.) on hs-CRP Level in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient
Authors: Purba Hartono Apriliasta , Syafril Santi , Lindarto Dharma 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is one of the factors that associated with insulin resistance which causes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Inflammation can be measured by using high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a quantitative measurement of CRP concentration. Puguntano is a plant that traditionally used for antidiabetic treatment found in North Sumatera. The objective of this study is to know the effect of Puguntano extract on hs-CRP level in newly diagnosed T2DM patient.METHODS: The study was a randomized controlled clinical trial on 24 newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Subjects were divided into 2 groups. The first group was given Puguntano extract with starting doses at 100 mg daily, then the dose was increased in titration up to a maximum dose of 2x100 mg daily depending on blood sugar level monitoring. Meanwhile, the other group (which serves as a control group) was given metformin with starting doses at 500 mg daily, then the dose was increased in titration up to a maximum dose of 3x500 mg per day depending on blood sugar level monitoring. The hs-CRP and HbA1c are assessed at the baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment.RESULTS: The hs-CRP level was decreased in Puguntano group by 1.41 (-7.54-0.52) (p=0.06) and decrease by 0.58 (-7.86-33.41) (p=0.695) in metformin group. There was no difference in hs-CRP level between the two groups (p=0.630).CONCLUSION: Puguntano extract showed the effect of lowering HbA1C and hs-CRP level in T2DM patients, although it was not statistically significant.KEYWORDS: type 2 diabetes mellitus, hs-CRP, puguntano
Violações aos direitos humanos dos trabalhadores e os sistemas regionais de proteção
Authors: Piovesan Flávia Cristina , Quetes Regeane Bransin , Ferraz Miriam Olivia Knopik 
Published: April 2018

Resumo: Neste artigo teve-se como objetivo a análise da violação dos direitos humanos dos trabalhadores e o papel dos sistemas regionais de proteção. A metodologia foi o exame da jurisprudência do sistema Interamericano, o sistema Europeu e o sistema Africano dentro de uma perspectiva que buscou a análise a partir da universalidade e indivisibilidade dos direitos humanos, bem como de multifuncionalidade e dupla titularidade dos direitos humanos fundamentais. Por meio da análise dos casos que são direcionados à proteção e direitos trabalhistas, observou-se que os sistemas, ainda, não são harmônicos quanto à jurisprudência trabalhista. Os sistemas Interamericano e Europeu fundamentam suas decisões pelos direitos individuais, usando uma interpretação extensiva, permitindo o entendimento da multifuncionalidade, da dupla titularidade e da interdependência dos direitos. No sistema Africano, direitos civis e sociais foram contemplados num mesmo patamar, mas ainda é preciso aguardar uma postura menos formalista do sistema para que conclusões possam ser tomadas. Espera-se que tais sistemas tenham a capacidade de avançar na proteção mais plena e efetiva dos direitos trabalhistas – condição essencial à própria prevalência da dignidade humana.Palavras-chave: Sistema de proteção de direitos humanos. Direitos humanos dos trabalhadores. Direitos sociais. Proteção internacional. Direitos fundamentais. Abstract: The objective of this article was to analyze the violation of workers' human rights and the role of regional protection systems. The methodology was the examination of the jurisprudence of the Inter-American system, the European system and the African system, from a perspective that sought the analysis from the universality and indivisibility of human rights, as well as multifunctionality and dual ownership of fundamental human rights. Through the analysis of the cases that are directed to the protection and labor rights, it was observed that the systems are still not harmonious regarding labor jurisprudence. The Inter-American and European systems base their decisions on individual rights, using an extensive interpretation, allowing the understanding of multifunctionality, dual ownership and the interdependence of rights. In the African system, civil and social rights were on the same footing, but we still have to wait for a less formalist stance of the system in order to reach conclusions. Such systems are expected to have the potential to advance the fullest and most effective protection of labor rights - an essential condition for the very prevalence of human dignity.Keywords: Human rights protection system. Human rights of workers. Social rights. International protection. Fundamental rights.
A atuação da defensoria pública no acesso ao sistema interamericano de direitos humanos: uma perspectiva garantista multinível de direitos constitucionais e convencionais
Authors: Lopes Ana Maria D'Ávila , Bessa Leandro Sousa 
Published: April 2018

Resumo: A perspectiva garantista, caracterizada pela proteção e implementação dos direitos fundamentais, vem se impondo como paradigma de atuação do Estado Democrático de Direito. Nos últimos anos, entretanto, essa perspectiva não mais tem se limitado aos sistemas jurídicos nacionais, mas vem também permeando os sistemas internacionais de proteção dos direitos humanos e o diálogo mantido entre estes e aqueles. Nesse contexto, com o presente artigo pretendeu-se investigar a atuação da Defensoria Pública, nesse processo dialógico de proteção interna e internacional dos direitos humanos, sob uma perspectiva garantista multinível de direitos constitucionais e convencionais. Para tal, valeu-se do método dedutivo para a análise dos dados levantados por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, legislativa e jurisprudencial, partindo-se de análises gerais sobre o garantismo e dos sistemas nacionais e interamericanos de proteção dos direitos humanos, para, então, chegar-se à específica construção de um paradigma de atuação da Defensoria Pública brasileira perante o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos.Palavras-chave: Garantismo. Defensoria pública. Sistema Interamericano. Direitos humanos. Abstract: The guaranteeist perspective, characterized by the protection and implementation of fundamental rights, has been imposing itself as paradigm of action of the Rule of Law. In recent years, however, such perspective has no longer been limited to national legal systems, but has also permeated the international systems of human rights protection and the dialogue between the two systems. In this context, this article aims to investigate the Public Defense acting in this dialogical process of internal and international protection of human rights from a multilevel guarantee perspective of constitutional and conventional rights. To this end, it was used the deductive method for the analysis of data collected through a literature, legislative and jurisprudential research, based on general analyzes on the guarantee and on the national and Inter-American human rights protection systems, to, thus, achieve the specific construction of a paradigm the action of the Brazilian Public Defender before the Inter-American Human Rights System.Keywords: Guaranteeism. Public defense. Inter-American system. Human rights.
Information and Communications Technology and Inventory Management amongst Breweries in Nigeria
Authors: Akinola Grace O. , Odesola Olusegun Timothy 
Published: April 2018

This study examined the effect of ICT on inventory management amongst breweries in Nigeria. Secondary data were sourced for this study. The population for the study comprises all brewery companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the three leading brewery companies in Nigeria, namely the Nigerian Breweries Plc; Guinness Nigeria Plc; and International Breweries Plc that represent 75% of the breweries quoted in the Nigerian Stock Exchange factsbook. Secondary data on ICT/ software costs, inventories, sales turnover/revenue, and assets were sourced from years 2006 to 2015 Annual Reports and Statements of Accounts of the three selected breweries and the Nigeria Stock Exchange facts book. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics ( tables, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method). The results also showed that ICT usage had no significant positive relationship on inventory management (t = 0.021, P > 0.01). The study concluded that ICT had no significant positive effect on inventory management in the Nigerian Brewery industry. It is recommended that brewery firms in Nigeria should deploy the right software for inventory management. The limitation of this research is what were used to measure the inventory management and Information and Communications Technology (ICT) as contrary results could be obtained if these variables are measured using other yardsticks. The improvement of the respondent required to see the other problem and another kind of business.
Application of Stochastic Point-Based Rendering to Laser-Scanned Point Clouds of Various Cultural Heritage Objects
Authors: Hasegawa Kyoko , Li Liang , Okamoto Naoya , Yanai Shu , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Okamoto Atsushi , Tanaka Satoshi ,   College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu-shi, Shiga 525-8577, Japan,   Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Nara, Japan,   History Research Institute, Otemae University, Hyogo, Japan
Published: April 2018

Recently, we proposed stochastic point-based rendering, which enables precise and interactive-speed transparent rendering of large-scale laser-scanned point clouds. This transparent visualization method does not suffer from rendering artifact and realizes correct depth feel in the created 3D image.In this paper, we apply the method to several kinds of large-scale laser-scanned point clouds of cultural heritage objects and prove its wide applicability.In addition, we prove better image quality is realized by properly eliminating points to realize better distributional uniformity of points. Here, the distributional uniformity means uniformity of inter-point distances between nearest-neighbor points.We also demonstrate that highlighting feature regions, especially edges, in the transparent visualization helps us understand 3D internal structures of complex laser-scanned objects. The feature regions are highlighted by properly increasing local opacity of the regions.
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran dan Kemandirian Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Sejarah di SMA Negeri 1 Parung
Authors: Ibrahim Asriadi 
Published: April 2018

This research aimed to determine to know the influence of learning methodology and independent learning through to result study of history in SMA academic year 2016/2017. The method of research used experiment with treatment design by level 2x2. The instrument were used for independent learning and the instrument of result study were multiple choices. The result of the research showed that: 1) The studentsâ€™ result of history who followed the inquiry learning methodology were higher than the students who followed the conventional methodology. 2) it had interaction of influence between learning and independent learning. 3) the studentsâ€™ result who followed inquiry learning methodology with independent learning were higher than students who followed conventional learning methodology. 4) the studentsâ€™ result study who followed inquiry learning methodology were lower than the students who followed conventional learning methodology with low independent learning.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran dan kemandirian belajar terhadap hasil belajar SMA Negeri 1 Parung Pada Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain treatment by level 2x2. Intrument yang digunakan adalah untuk kemandirian belajar dan instrument yang digunakan untuk hasil belajar adalah tes pilihan ganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) hasil belajar sejarah siswa yang mengikuti metode pembelajaran inkuiri lebih tinggi dan siswa yang mengikuti metode pembelajaran konvensional. 2) terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dan kemandirian belajar. 3) hasil belajar siswa yang mengikuti metode pembelajaran inkuiri dengan kemandirian belajar tinggi lebih tinggi dari siswa yang mengikuti metode pembelajaran konvensional dengan kemandirian belajar tinggi. 4) hasil belajar siswa yang mengikuti metode pembelajaran inkuiri dengan kemandirian belajar hasilnya lebih rendah dari siswa yang mengikuti metode pembelajaran konvensional dengan kemandirian belajar rendah.