bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young Finnish People of Muslim Background: Creating “Spiritual Becomings” and “Coming Communities” in Their Artworks
Authors: Oikarinen-Jabai Helena 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this essay I discuss artworks by a sample of young people with a Muslim background who participated in the Numur—Islam and I exhibition, which was organised as part of the Young Muslims and Resilience (2016-2018) research project. Art exhibitions were staged in November 2017 and March 2018 with eighteen young adult participants/co-researchers. Their artworks included video and textile installations, photo collages, paintings, calligraphy and poetry, dealing with issues such as faith, dialogues between religious communities, gender, belonging and sexual diversity. Here I concentrate on some works by the participants who stated that they leaned on Sufism or spirituality in their working processes, or whose works expressed qualities that may be reflected through the spectrum in which rhizomes of Sufi ways of understanding human existence in the world are present. In their artworks, the participants created fresh ideas about possible encounters, which I interpret as being linked to modern and postmodern ideas of relationships between spaces and “becoming communities.” Likewise, these ideas can be traced to our common philosophical heritage, which is partly based on spiritual mystic thought and practices of different religions. By using art, the participants could embody this legacy, create spaces for themselves and open landscapes for discussions between Muslim believers and people with different religions and worldviews.
Magical Negress: Re-Reading Agent 355 in Brian Vaughan’s Y: The Last Man
Authors: Tembo Kwasu D. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Be it Pride of Baghdad (2006), Ex Machina (2004), Runaways (2003), The Private Eye (2013) or Saga (2012), the comic book author Brian K. Vaughan is renowned not only for the scope of the projects in his oeuvre but the nuance with which he portrays his characters, many of which are of types that usually receive less mainstream attention than their white, heteronormative, superhero counterparts. This paper will perform a close reading of Agent 355 as she appears in Vol. 1-10 of Y: The Last Man. As an analytical framework through which to parse the character, it will make recourse to the literary, cultural, and theoretical concepts associated with the magical negro. In doing so, this paper will analyse and explore the ways in which Vaughan’s writing simultaneously countermands and reinforces these stereotypical stock character arrangements in a precarious balancing act. Strong, intelligent, and determined in her expression and use of agency, 355 often fulfils the function of the magical negro, sanctified, and infused with black girl magic. On the other hand, Agent 355’s entire characterisation is also simultaneously circumscribed within the strong black woman stereotype replete with noble suffering and enduring perseverance.
Development and evaluation of a clinical reasoning curriculum as part of an Internal Medicine Residency Program
Authors: Iyer Shwetha , Goss Erin , Browder Casey , Paccione Gerald , Arnsten Julia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Errors in medicine are common and often tied to diagnosis. Educating physicians about the science of cognitive decision-making, especially during medical school and residency when trainees are still forming clinical habits, may enhance awareness of individual cognitive biases and has the potential to reduce diagnostic errors and improve patient safety.

Methods
The authors aimed to develop, implement and evaluate a clinical reasoning curriculum for Internal Medicine residents. The authors developed and delivered a clinical reasoning curriculum to 47 PGY2 residents in an Internal Medicine Residency Program at a large urban hospital. The clinical reasoning curriculum consists of six to seven sessions with the specific aims of: (1) educating residents on cognitive steps and reasoning strategies used in clinical reasoning; (2) acknowledging the pitfalls of clinical reasoning and learning how cognitive biases can lead to clinical errors; (3) expanding differential diagnostic ability and developing illness scripts that incorporate discrete clinical prediction rules; and (4) providing opportunities for residents to reflect on their own clinical reasoning (also known as metacognition).

Results
Forty-seven PGY2 residents participated in the curriculum (2013–2016). Self-assessed comfort in recognizing and applying clinical reasoning skills increased in 15 of 15 domains (p < 0.05 for each). Resident mean scores on the knowledge assessment improved from 58% pre-curriculum to 81% post curriculum (p = 0.002).

Conclusions
A case vignette-based clinical reasoning curriculum can effectively increase residents’ knowledge of clinical reasoning concepts and improve residents’ self-assessed comfort in recognizing and applying clinical reasoning skills.
Visual and machine strength grading of European ash and maple for glulam application
Authors: Kovryga Andriy , Schlotzhauer Philipp , Stapel Peter , Militz Holger , van de Kuilen Jan-Willem G. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Medium dense hardwoods (HWs) show higher tensile strength (TS) values than softwoods (SWs). These advantages cannot be utilised effectively because HW grading is not well developed. The aim of the present paper was to analyse the utilisation potential of European ash (Fraxinus spp.) and maple (Acer spp.) grown in Central Europe, which were graded by different methods. The visual grading characteristics of 869 HW boards were determined and the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) and X-ray attenuation (XRA) were measured by an industrial scanner. The specimens were subsequently tested in tension according to EN 408:2010 and according to German visual grading rules show strength values of 28 MPa and 30 MPa, respectively. Machine strength grading and for a combination of manually assessed boards and MOEdyn give rise to higher strength data. MOEdyn, in particular, results in lamella data with 62 MPa for ash and 42 MPa for maple. There is good agreement with recently presented HW tensile profiles. Machine grading with a multisensor system allows better strength prediction compared to the MOEdyn or visual strength grading. Best performance is achieved by a combined grading approach.
Dielectric Properties of Infant Formulae, Human Milk and Whole and Low-Fat Cow Milk Relevant for Microwave Heating
Authors: Leite Juliana A. S. , Quintal Virginia S. , Tadini Carmen C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The dielectric properties of three different reconstituted infant formulae, human milk, as well as, whole and low-fat pasteurized cow milk were measured at temperature interval from (5 to 70) °C and at frequency of 2450 MHz. The dependency of the dielectric properties with temperature is presented. The values of penetration depth were determined and can be used to estimate the ideal bottle-feeding or container diameter to use in a domestic microwave oven or specific microwave equipment to pasteurize human milk in Human Milk Banks (HMB).
Experimental investigation of photon attenuation parameters for different binary alloys
Authors: Sayyed Mohammed I. , Akman Ferdi , Kaçal Mustafa Recep 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Recently, technologists try to develop novel gamma radiation shielding materials instead of traditional materials such as lead and concrete with improved performance in gamma radiation shielding in medical applications and nuclear reactors. For this purpose, alloys such as stainless steel (SS) and carbon steel (CS) attracted much attention, these days. Preliminary results on such alloys have shown better attenuation of γ rays as compared to traditional shielding materials. This work aimed to conduct research on different alloy samples to evaluate their radiation attenuation efficiency and their suitability for radiation shielding when utilized in nuclear facilities. The mass attenuation coefficients for eight alloy samples were measured at different photon energies ranging from 80.997 to 1332.501 keV using transmission geometry. From the mass attenuation coefficients, different photon attenuation parameters such as half value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number, and radiation protection efficiency were evaluated. In addition, the equivalent atomic number and the exposure buildup factor were calculated using G-P fitting method for photon energy ranging from 0.015 MeV to 15 MeV at different penetration depth. The results showed that the Zeff values remain almost constant for all samples except W72/Cu28 in which the Zeff for this sample tends to decrease with the energy. The lowest value of half value layer is found for the alloy sample Ta97.5/W2.5 and the highest value is found for the alloy sample In50/Sn50. The Ta97.5/W2.5, Ta90/W10, Ta95/W5 samples demonstrated good radiation attenuation properties.
Perforated Cardboards: A Support for Embroidery Used for Various Everyday Objects in the Victorian Age
Authors: Cruz António João , Barros Luciana , Loureiro Leonor 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPerforated cardboards were common and economic supports for embroidery in the Victorian Era. Despite their popularity, they had a brief life and are almost forgotten today. Different types of cardboard were chosen according to the materials and techniques to be applied. This article presents nineteenth century documentary sources on perforated cardboard and its use in various objects of everyday life. The types of cardboard, commercialization, decorative techniques and motifs and applied materials will be discussed.
Behaviour of Solutions of Tetraalkylammonium Salts in Ethyl Bromide as Liquid Membranes
Authors: Dubini-Paglia E. , Mussini T. , Galli R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Solutions of tetraheptylammonium bromide, iodide, nitrate, or perchlorate in ethyl bromide behave as anionic liquid membranes with ideality degrees close to 100%. In the cases of tetra­ heptylammonium fluoride, or chloride, the ideality degrees are about 80%. A picture of the charac­teristics and structures of this class of membranes is given
Age-Related Decreases in the Retrieval Practice Effect Directly Relate to Changes in Alpha-Beta Oscillations
Authors: Guran Catherine-Noémie Alexandrina , Herweg Nora Alicia , Bunzeck Nico 
Published: March 2019

The retrieval (or testing) of information leads to better memory performance compared with reencoding. This phenomenon is known as “testing effect” or “retrieval practice effect” and has been primarily described in behavioral studies with healthy young subjects. However, possible age-related changes and their associated underlying neural processes, in particular neural oscillations, remain unclear. To address this issue, we used a previously established paradigm in healthy young (N= 27) and elderly (N= 28) male and female human adults while their brain activity was being recorded using EEG. Subjects viewed prefamiliarized scene images intermixed with new scenes and classified them as indoor versus outdoor (encoding task) or old versus new (retrieval task). Subsequently, subjects performed a recognition memory task 10 min and 24 h after encoding. Behaviorally, both age groups showed the testing effect at both time points but, importantly, it was less pronounced in the elderly. At the neural level, the retrieval compared with the encoding task was accompanied by power decreases in the alpha (9–12 Hz) and beta bands (13–30 Hz), possibly reflecting task demands, and this difference was more pronounced in the elderly. Finally, a correlation analysis revealed that those elderly who displayed a more pronounced testing effect exhibited a neural pattern that was more similar to the younger subjects. These findings provide evidence that the testing effect decreases across the life span, and they suggest that changes in alpha-beta oscillations play a direct role.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLearning new and retrieving old information is part of everyday human life. Understanding how learning processes can be optimized therefore has direct applications in the realm of educational and rehabilitative contexts. Here, we show that retrieval practice is a strategy to optimize encoding into long-term memory in both young and elderly humans. Importantly, retrieval practice was significantly reduced in the elderly and closely related to changes in alpha (9–13 Hz) and beta band (13–30 Hz) oscillations. Our findings suggest that decreased retrieval practice effects across the life span contribute to, and may reflect, age-related declines in memory performance. They further provide new insights into the underlying neural mechanisms and point toward future avenues for neuro-modulatory interventions.
Anti-Nogo-A Antibodies As a Potential Causal Therapy for Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Schneider Marc P. , Sartori Andrea M. , Ineichen Benjamin V. , Moors Selina , Engmann Anne K. , Hofer Anna-Sophie , Weinmann Oliver , Kessler Thomas M. , Schwab Martin E. 
Published: March 2019

Loss of bladder control is common after spinal cord injury (SCI) and no causal therapies are available. Here we investigated whether function-blocking antibodies against the nerve-fiber growth inhibitory protein Nogo-A applied to rats with severe SCI could prevent development of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Bladder function of rats with SCI was repeatedly assessed by urodynamic examination in fully awake animals. Four weeks after SCI, detrusor sphincter dyssynergia had developed in all untreated or control antibody-infused animals. In contrast, 2 weeks of intrathecal anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment led to significantly reduced aberrant maximum detrusor pressure during voiding and a reduction of the abnormal EMG high-frequency activity in the external urethral sphincter. Anatomically, we found higher densities of fibers originating from the pontine micturition center in the lumbosacral gray matter in the anti-Nogo-A antibody-treated animals, as well as a reduced number of inhibitory interneurons in lamina X. These results suggest that anti-Nogo-A therapy could also have positive effects on bladder function clinically.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAfter spinal cord injury, loss of bladder control is common. Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia is a potentially life-threatening consequence. Currently, only symptomatic treatment options are available. First causal treatment options are urgently needed in humans. In this work, we show that function-blocking antibodies against the nerve-fiber growth inhibitory protein Nogo-A applied to rats with severe spinal cord injury could prevent development of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, in particular detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Anti-Nogo-A therapy has entered phase II clinical trial in humans and might therefore soon be the first causal treatment option for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.
An Ultra-Dense Haploid Genetic Map for Evaluating the Highly Fragmented Genome Assembly of Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
Authors: Bernhardsson Carolina , Vidalis Amaryllis , Wang Xi , Scofield Douglas G , Schiffthaler Bastian , Baison John , Street Nathaniel R , García-Gil M Rosario , Ingvarsson Pär K 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is a conifer species of substanital economic and ecological importance. In common with most conifers, the P. abies genome is very large (∼20 Gbp) and contains a high fraction of repetitive DNA. The current P. abies genome assembly (v1.0) covers approximately 60% of the total genome size but is highly fragmented, consisting of &gt;10 million scaffolds. The genome annotation contains 66,632 gene models that are at least partially validated (www.congenie.org), however, the fragmented nature of the assembly means that there is currently little information available on how these genes are physically distributed over the 12 P. abies chromosomes. By creating an ultra-dense genetic linkage map, we anchored and ordered scaffolds into linkage groups, which complements the fine-scale information available in assembly contigs. Our ultra-dense haploid consensus genetic map consists of 21,056 markers derived from 14,336 scaffolds that contain 17,079 gene models (25.6% of the validated gene models) that we have anchored to the 12 linkage groups. We used data from three independent component maps, as well as comparisons with previously published Picea maps to evaluate the accuracy and marker ordering of the linkage groups. We demonstrate that approximately 3.8% of the anchored scaffolds and 1.6% of the gene models covered by the consensus map have likely assembly errors as they contain genetic markers that map to different regions within or between linkage groups. We further evaluate the utility of the genetic map for the conifer research community by using an independent data set of unrelated individuals to assess genome-wide variation in genetic diversity using the genomic regions anchored to linkage groups. The results show that our map is sufficiently dense to enable detailed evolutionary analyses across the P. abies genome.
Long-Term Combinatorial Exposure to Trichloroethylene and Inorganic Arsenic in Genetically Heterogeneous Mice Results in Renal Tubular Damage and Cancer-Associated Molecular Changes
Authors: Perry Amie , Lynch Rachel M , Rusyn Ivan , Threadgill David W 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) and inorganic arsenic (iAs) are environmental contaminants that can target the kidney. Chronic exposure to TCE is associated with increased incidence of renal cell carcinoma, while co-exposure to TCE and iAs likely occurs in exposed human populations, such as those near Superfund sites. In order to better understand the kidney health consequences of TCE and/or iAs exposure, a genetically heterogeneous mouse population derived from FVB/NJ and CAST/EiJ mouse strains and deficient for multidrug resistance genes (Abcb1atm1Bor, Abcb1btm1Bor) was chronically exposed for 52-weeks to varying concentrations of TCE and iAs. Although no exposure group resulted in primary renal cell tumors, kidneys from exposed mice did have significant increases in histologic and biochemical evidence of renal tubular disease with each toxicant alone and with combined exposure, with males having significantly higher levels of damage. Although no added increase in tubular disease was observed with combination exposure compared to single toxicants, molecular changes in kidneys from mice that had the combined exposure were similar to those previous observed in an embryonic stem cell assay for the P81S TCE-induced renal cell carcinoma mutation in the Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) gene. While this model more accurately reflects human exposure conditions, development of primary renal tumors observed in humans following chronic TCE exposure was not reproduced even after inclusion of genetic heterogeneity and co-carcinogenic iAs.
An Allosteric Network for Spliceosome Activation Revealed by High-Throughput Suppressor Analysis inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Brow David A 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study demonstrates the utility of a custom targeted sequencing panel for identifying spontaneous suppressors of a mutation in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spliceosome. The panel screens 112 genes encoding known or suspected splicing factors...Selection of suppressor mutations that correct growth defects caused by substitutions in an RNA or protein can reveal functionally important molecular structures and interactions in living cells. This approach is particularly useful for the study of complex biological pathways involving many macromolecules, such as premessenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing. When a sufficiently large number of suppressor mutations is obtained and structural information is available, it is possible to generate detailed models of molecular function. However, the laborious and expensive task of identifying suppressor mutations in whole-genome selections limits the utility of this approach. Here I show that a custom targeted sequencing panel can greatly accelerate the identification of suppressor mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. Using a panel that targets 112 genes encoding pre-mRNA splicing factors, I identified 27 unique mutations in six protein-coding genes that each overcome the cold-sensitive block to spliceosome activation caused by a substitution in U4 small nuclear RNA. When mapped to existing structures of spliceosomal complexes, the identified suppressors implicate specific molecular contacts between the proteins Brr2, Prp6, Prp8, Prp31, Sad1, and Snu114 as functionally important in an early step of catalytic activation of the spliceosome. This approach shows great promise for elucidating the allosteric cascade of molecular interactions that direct accurate and efficient pre-mRNA splicing and should be broadly useful for understanding the dynamics of other complex biological assemblies or pathways.
Cross Talk with the GAR-3 Receptor Contributes to Feeding Defects in Caenorhabditis elegans eat-2 Mutants
Authors: Kozlova Alena A , Lotfi Michelle , Okkema Peter G 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Precise signaling at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is essential for proper muscle contraction. In the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx, acetylcholine (ACh) released from the MC and M4 motor neurons stimulates two different types of contractions in adjacent muscle cells, termed pumping and isthmus peristalsis. MC stimulates rapid pumping through the nicotinic ACh receptor EAT-2, which is tightly localized at the MC NMJ, and eat-2 mutants exhibit a slow pump rate. Surprisingly, we found that eat-2 mutants also hyperstimulated peristaltic contractions, and that they were characterized by increased and prolonged Ca2+ transients in the isthmus muscles. This hyperstimulation depends on cross talk with the GAR-3 muscarinic ACh receptor as gar-3 mutation specifically suppressed the prolonged contraction and increased Ca2+ observed in eat-2 mutant peristalses. Similar GAR-3-dependent hyperstimulation was also observed in mutants lacking the ace-3 acetylcholinesterase, and we suggest that NMJ defects in eat-2 and ace-3 mutants result in ACh stimulation of extrasynaptic GAR-3 receptors in isthmus muscles. gar-3 mutation also suppressed slow larval growth and prolonged life span phenotypes that result from dietary restriction in eat-2 mutants, indicating that cross talk with the GAR-3 receptor has a long-term impact on feeding behavior and eat-2 mutant phenotypes.
No capítulo dos direitos humanos: direito, política e história na “Coluna do Castello” (1969-1973)
Authors: Grinberg Lucia 
Published: March 2019

De 1962 a 1993, o Jornal do Brasil publicou a “Coluna do Castello” que, assinada pelo jornalista Carlos Castello Branco, era uma das referências mais prestigiosas do jornalismo político no País. Os textos eram lidos por intelectuais, políticos e militares, assim como por agentes de informação e segurança. Neste artigo procuro mostrar como o jornalista Carlos Castello Branco participou do debate sobre direitos humanos nos primeiros anos após o AI-5, de 1969 a 1973. A partir da interseção entre direito, política e história, o jornalista buscou maneiras de divulgar as violações de direitos humanos na ditadura. Como intelectual mediador, Castello se engajou na divulgação de fundamentos do Estado de direito e procurou dar inteligibilidade aos princípios político-jurídicos que garantem os direitos humanos. A partir do desafio comum de resistência à ditadura através da circulação de denúncias de violações de direitos humanos na imprensa, é possível observar a existência de relações de solidariedade e de distinção entre jornalistas liberais e militantes de esquerda.