bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Adolescence is a Critical Period for the Maturation of Inhibitory Behavior
Authors: Reynolds Lauren M , Yetnikoff Leora , Pokinko Matthew , Wodzinski Michael , Epelbaum Julia G , Lambert Laura C , Cossette Marie-Pierre , Arvanitogiannis Andreas , Flores Cecilia 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Psychiatric conditions marked by impairments in cognitive control often emerge during adolescence, when the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its inputs undergo structural and functional maturation and are vulnerable to disruption by external events. It is not known, however, whether there exists a specific temporal window within the broad range of adolescence when the development of PFC circuitry and its related behaviors are sensitive to disruption. Here we show, in male mice, that repeated exposure to amphetamine during early adolescence leads to impaired behavioral inhibition, aberrant PFC dopamine connectivity, and reduced PFC dopamine function in adulthood. Remarkably, these deficits are not observed following exposure to the exact same amphetamine regimen at later times. These findings demonstrate that there is a critical period for the disruption of the adolescent maturation of cognitive control and PFC dopamine function and suggest that early adolescence is particularly relevant to the emergence of psychopathology in humans.
Derivation and validation of a prognostic model to predict mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Schmidt Rebecca J , Landry Daniel L , Cohen Lewis , Moss Alvin H , Dalton Cheryl , Nathanson Brian H , Germain Michael J 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Guiding patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) through advance care planning about future treatment obliges an assessment of prognosis. A patient-specific integrated model to predict mortality could inform shared decision-making for patients with CKD.

Methods
Patients with Stages 4 and 5 CKD from Massachusetts (749) and West Virginia (437) were prospectively evaluated for clinical parameters, functional status [Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS)] and their provider’s response to the Surprise Question (SQ). A predictive model for 12-month mortality was derived with the Massachusetts cohort and then validated externally on the West Virginia cohort. Logistic regression was used to create the model, and the c-statistic and Hosmer–Lemeshow statistic were used to assess model discrimination and calibration, respectively.

Results
In the derivation cohort, the SQ, KPS and age were most predictive of 12-month mortality with odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 3.29 (1.87–5.78) for a ‘No’ response to the SQ, 2.09 (95% CI 1.19–3.66) for fair KPS and 1.41 (95% CI 1.15–1.74) per 10-year increase in age. The c-statistic for the 12-month mortality model for the derivation cohort was 0.80 (95% CI 0.75–0.84) and for the validation cohort was 0.74 (95% CI 0.66–0.83).

Conclusions
Our integrated prognostic model for 12-month mortality in patients with advanced CKD had good discrimination and calibration. This model provides prognostic information to aid nephrologists in identifying and counseling advanced CKD patients with poor prognosis who are facing the decision to initiate dialysis or pursue medical management without dialysis.
The course and predictors of perceived unsupportive responses by family and friends among women newly diagnosed with gynecological cancers
Authors: Manne Sharon L , Kashy Deborah A , Kissane David W , Ozga Melissa , Virtue Shannon Myers , Heckman Carolyn J 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Perceived unsupportive responses from close others play an important role in psychological adaptation of patients with cancer. Little is known about whether these negative responses change after someone experiences a serious life event, and even less is known about the individual characteristics and related factors that might contribute to both the levels of and changes in perceived unsupportive responses over the course of adaptation to an experience. This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate changes in perceived unsupportive behavior from family and friends among women newly with gynecologic cancer as well as initial demographic, disease, and psychological factors that predict the course of perceived unsupportive behavior over time. Women (N = 125) assigned to the usual care arm of a randomized clinical trial comparing a coping and communication intervention with a supportive counseling intervention to usual care completed six surveys over an 18 month period. Growth models using multilevel modeling were used to predict unsupportive responses over time. Average levels of perceived unsupportive responses from family and friends were low. Unsupportive responses varied from patient to patient, but patients did not report a systematic change in perceived unsupportive responses over time. Cultivating meaning and peace and coping efficacy were associated with fewer perceived unsupportive responses as well as reductions in perceived unsupportive responses over time. Emotional distress, cancer concerns, functional impairment, holding back sharing concerns, and cognitive and behavioral avoidance predicted higher perceived unsupportive responses over time. The findings are discussed in terms of the self-presentation theory and social network responses to persons undergoing difficult life events.
Do Admissions Multiple Mini-Interview and Traditional Interview Scores Predict Subsequent Academic Performance? A Study of Five California Medical Schools
Authors: Jerant Anthony , Henderson Mark C. , Griffin Erin , Hall Theodore R. , Kelly Carolyn J. , Peterson Ellena M. , Wofsy David , Tancredi Daniel J. , Sousa Francis J. , Franks Peter 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
To compare the predictive validities of medical school admissions multiple mini-interviews (MMIs) and traditional interviews (TIs).

Method
This longitudinal observational study of 2011–2013 matriculants to five California public medical schools examined the associations of MMI scores (two schools) and TI scores (three schools) with subsequent academic performance. Regression models adjusted for sociodemographics and undergraduate academic metrics examined associations of standardized mean MMI and TI scores with United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) scores and, for required clerkships, with mean National Board of Medical Examiners Clinical Science subject (shelf) exam score and number of honors grades.

Results
Of the 1,460 medical students, 746 (51.1%) interviewed at more than one study school; 579 (39.7%) completed at least one MMI and at least one TI. Neither interview type was associated with Step 1 scores. Higher MMI scores were associated with more clerkship honors grades (adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR] 1.28 more [95% CI 1.18, 1.39; P < .01] per SD increase) and higher shelf exam and Step 2 CK scores (adjusted mean 0.73 points higher [95% CI 0.28, 1.18; P < .01] and 1.25 points higher [95% CI 0.09, 2.41; P = .035], respectively, per SD increase). Higher TI scores were associated only with more honors grades (AIRR 1.11 more [95% CI 1.01, 1.20; P = .03] per SD increase).

Conclusions
MMI scores were more strongly associated with subsequent academic performance measures than were TI scores.
Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Can Help the Dermatopathologist in the Diagnosis of Challenging Skin Lesions
Authors: Kelsey Andrew , Grant-Kels Jane M. , Rabinovitz Harold , Oliviero Margaret , Scope Alon 
Published: September 2018

Abstract:
Despite the successful assignment of Current Procedural Terminology codes, there are barriers to incorporating in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) into daily practice. Importantly, the dermatopathologist can play a key role in interpreting RCM images and can use these images to correlate with histopathology. Herein, we describe, using a case series, how RCM can be incorporated into the dermatopothalogist's practice. We also summarize the criteria for RCM diagnosis of common neoplasms.
Protective Action of Diazoxide on Isoproterenol-Induced Hypertrophy Is Mediated by Reduction in MicroRNA-132 Expression
Authors: Narasimhan Gayathri , Carrillo Elba D. , Hernández Ascención , García María C. , Sánchez Jorge A. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction and Methods:
The effects of diazoxide on cardiac hypertrophy and miR-132 expression were characterized in adult rats and in cardiomyocytes. Diazoxide effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and on the cAMP-response element binding (CREB) transcription factor's abundance in cardiomyocytes were also analyzed. ROS measurements used a fluorescent dye. Western blot analysis and quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction were used to measure phosphorylated form of CREB (pCREB) abundance and miR-132 expression, respectively.

Results:
Isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiac hypertrophy, an effect that was mitigated by diazoxide. The rate of ROS production, CREB phosphorylation, and miR-132 expression increased after the addition of ISO. H2O2 increased pCREB abundance and miR-132 expression; upregulation of miR-132 was blocked by the specific inhibitor of CREB transcription, 666-15. Consistent with a role of ROS on miR-132 expression, diazoxide prevented the increase in ROS production, miR-132 expression, and pCREB abundance produced by ISO. Phosphorylation of CREB by ISO was prevented by U0126, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase.

Conclusions:
Our data first demonstrate that diazoxide mitigates hypertrophy by preventing an increase in miR-132 expression. The mechanism likely involves less ROS production leading to less phosphorylation of CREB. Our data further show that ROS enhance miR-132 transcription, and that ISO effects are probably mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
Interoception in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Randomized, Controlled Trials with Interoception-Based Interventions
Authors: Khoury Nayla M. , Lutz Jacqueline , Schuman-Olivier Zev 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Interoception, or the process of sensing, interpreting, and integrating internal bodily signals, has increasingly been the subject of scientific research over the past decade but is still not well known in clinical practice. The aim of this article is to review clinical treatment interventions that use interoception, to synthesize the current research knowledge, and to identify the gaps where future research is needed. We conducted a comprehensive literature search on randomized, controlled trials that both include interoception in treatment interventions for individuals with psychiatric disorders and measure aspects of interoception using self-report measures. Out of 14 randomized, controlled trials identified, 7 found that interventions with interoception were effective in ameliorating symptoms. These studies included individuals with anxiety disorders, eating disorders, psychosomatic disorders, and addictive disorders. All of the intervention studies with positive clinical outcomes also demonstrated changes on interoceptive measures; however, these measures were often related to specific illness symptoms. Interoception may be a mechanism of action in improving clinical symptomatology, though studies incorporating general, symptom-independent interoceptive measures remain scarce. To further our understanding of the role interoception has in psychiatric disorders and their treatment, more studies integrating interoceptive measures are needed, along with a clearer definition of interoceptive terms used.
Intracranial hypertension: a current review
Authors: Jordan Catherine O. , Aylward Shawn C. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose of review
To provide a current review of recent publications with regards to intracranial hypertension.

Recent findings
Attempts were made to provide pediatric data; however, the recent completion of the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (IIHTT) has provided a wealth of data with regards to adult intracranial hypertension.
The pediatric incidence of intracranial hypertension ranges between 0.63 and 0.71 per 100 000 children. A majority of pediatric cases responded to acetazolamide, with resolution of headache averaging 3.8 weeks. Most patients require less than 1 year of treatment with male sex, older age at diagnosis, primary intracranial hypertension, and lack of headache being predictors of good response. Fluorescein angiography has the highest accuracy in distinguishing true papilledema from pseudopapilledema. The IIHTT found Frisen grade of papilledema was within 1 grade in 92.8% of patients. Monitoring of potassium levels is not required and aplastic anemia was not seen in patients taking acetazolamide.

Summary
Although the newer pediatric studies report incidence rates in pediatric intracranial hypertension are lower than seen in adults, intracranial hypertension is still a concern in pediatrics. There has been a wealth of information with regards to symptomatology, treatment, and outcomes from the IIHTT that will hopefully assist with management in the pediatric population.
Incidence of Viremia With DNA Viruses in Oncology Patients With Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Teranishi Hideto , Ohzono Nanae , Miyata Ippei , Wakabayashi Shoko , Kono Mina , Ono Sahoko , Kato Atsushi , Saito Aki , Kondo Eisuke , Tanaka Yuuhei , Akaike Hiroto , Oishi Tomohiro , Ohno Naoki , Terada Kihei , Ouchi Kazunobu 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Although febrile neutropenia (FN) is one of the most common adverse events produced by chemotherapy, its microbiological etiology is determined for only 15% to 30% of cases.

Objectives:
We investigated the rate of viremia with common DNA viruses in patients with FN.

Study Design:
From June 2012 to April 2014, 72 blood samples from 24 patients receiving chemotherapy, who experienced FN episodes, were examined for the presence of herpes viruses and other DNA viruses. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to detect herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpes virus types 6 and 7, BK virus and human parvovirus B19 (B19).

Results:
Viruses were identified in 14 of 72 samples (19.4%). The detected etiological agents were BK virus (5 episodes), human herpes virus type 6 (4 episodes), B19 (4 episodes), Epstein-Barr virus (2 episodes), and cytomegalovirus (1 episode).

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that viral infections are common causes in patients with FN. Therefore, viruses may be responsible for FN in a large proportion of patients in whom a causative microorganism could not be identified, and this viral etiology may explain their poor response to antibiotic therapy.
Physical Activity Among Postoperative Esophageal Cancer Patients
Authors: Ichijo Yuka , Takeda Yuko , Oguma Yuko , Kitagawa Yuko , Takeuchi Hiroya , Doorenbos Ardith Z. 
Published: September 2018

Background
Previous literature has reported that regular physical activity enhances health-related quality of life for cancer patients. However, there is a lack of studies that focus on physical activity among postoperative esophageal cancer patients.

Objective
The aims of this study were to (1) describe the prevalence of physical activity among postoperative esophageal cancer patients, (2) explore variables related to physical activity (demographics, nutrition, dysphagia, and health-related qualify of life), and (3) examine potential reasons for inactivity among participants who scored low using case studies.

Methods
In this cross-sectional design, physical activity was evaluated by the Japanese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Variables were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitney U tests, or Fisher exact tests.

Results
Fifty-eight patients participated in this study; 79% met the recommended physical activity guidelines. Present occupational status and past leisure-time physical activity behavior before the cancer diagnosis were related to current leisure-time physical activity and meeting the guidelines postoperatively. Participants who scored 0 (little or no activity) in the questionnaire also scored low in health-related quality of life.

Conclusions
Participants performed especially well in physical activity related to leisure time and transportation. Positive reinforcement is needed for patients who perform adequate levels of physical activity, and reviewing the benefits of regular physical activity is encouraged for all.

Implications for Practice
Occupational status and past leisure-time physical activity before diagnosis can be indicators for promoting physical activity among postoperative esophageal cancer patients. Inactive participants should be supported to promote both physical activity and health-related qualify of life.
Impact of Vascular Disease, Amputation Level, and the Mismatch Between Balance Ability and Balance Confidence in a Cross-Sectional Study of the Likelihood of Falls Among People With Limb Loss
Authors: Wong Christopher Kevin , Chihuri Stanford T. 
Published: September 2018

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of balance ability, activities-specific balance confidence, and other self-reported and clinical factors on incidence of falls among people with lower limb loss.

Design
This is a cross-sectional study (N = 305) with multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
Participants included 68.3% men with an age of 55.5 ± 14.9, with 50% dysvascular and 56.8% transtibial amputations. The mean ± SD activities-specific balance confidence is 2.1/4 ± 1.1, balance ability is 2.9/4 ± 1.3, and walking speed is 0.766 ± 0.387 m/sec. The final model showed fall risk was heightened for people with vascular comorbidities (odds ratio = 3.46, 95% confidence interval = 1.40–8.54) and better balance (odds ratio = 23.29, confidence interval = 3.19–170.23), but attenuated for people with transfemoral (odds ratio = 0.08, confidence interval = 0.01–0.82) and vascular amputations (odds ratio = 0.38, confidence interval = 0.15–0.95). Significant interactions existed between age and amputation level (odds ratio = 1.06, confidence interval = 1.02–1.11) and between balance confidence and balance ability (odds ratio = 0.27, confidence interval = 0.13–0.57).

Conclusions
Although people with vascular amputations were less likely to fall than those with nonvascular amputations, people with concurrent vascular comorbidities were more likely to fall than those without. People with transfemoral amputations were less likely to fall; however, fall risk increased with each year of age compared with people with transtibial amputations. People with balance ability of 3.5 or greater fell more often than those with lower ability, but people with lower balance ability and mismatched confidence in their balance ability had 3.7 times greater fall risk.
Neural Perforasomes of the Upper Extremity
Authors: Koehler Steven M. , Matson Andrew P. , Ruch David S. , Mithani Suhail K. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
In the setting of the rapid advancement of integumentary vascular knowledge, the authors hypothesized that the extrinsic blood supply to the major peripheral nerves of the upper extremity could be categorized into discrete neural “perforasomes.”

Methods:
Total limb perfusion of the arterial system was performed with gelatin–red lead oxide in cadaveric upper limbs. The perforating vessels to the radial, median, and ulnar nerves were identified, confirmed with fluoroscopy, and dissected. Distances to major anatomical landmarks of the upper extremity were measured. Additional cadaveric limbs’ nerves were dissected and source arteries were selectively cannulated and injected to assess specific contribution to extrinsic nerve perfusion. The perfusion of each nerve was then calculated among all specimens.

Results:
The radial, median, and ulnar nerve perforators were mapped. The corresponding neural perforasomes were mapped. The distal portions of the superficial radial nerve and the posterior interosseous nerve demonstrated a lack of staining. Similarly, at the carpal tunnel and at the proximal 25 percent of the median nerve (corresponding to the pronator teres), the nerve lacked vascular staining. At the Guyon canal and the flexor carpi ulnaris, the ulnar nerve demonstrated a lack of vascular staining.

Conclusions:
Peripheral nerves can be divided into neural perforasomes with limited overlap. The extrinsic perfusion of peripheral nerves is highly segmental. Absent stains within the nerves correspond to common sites of compression: carpal tunnel and pronator teres for the median nerve, supinator for the posterior interosseous nerve, and the Guyon canal and the flexor carpi ulnaris for the ulnar nerve.
Anatomical Nasal Lining Flaps for Closure of the Nasal Floor in Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Lip Repairs Reduce Fistulas at the Alveolus
Authors: Mittermiller Paul A. , Sethi Harleen , Morbia Roshan P. , Johns Dana , Baylan Joseph , Lorenz H. Peter , Khosla Rohit K. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Techniques vary for addressing the nasal floor during cleft lip repair in patients with a cleft lip and palate. Sometimes, no closure is performed, leaving a symptomatic alveolar fistula until the time of alveolar bone grafting. Often, medial and lateral skin flaps are used, but these are often thin and unreliable. Anatomical nasal lining flaps are used to improve closure with robust, well-vascularized flaps that anatomically close the nasal floor.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with a unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate who underwent primary cleft lip repair with nasal lining flaps or with medial and lateral flaps. The primary outcome was presence of a symptomatic and/or visible oronasal fistula.

Results:
Sixty-four patients were included. Thirty-seven underwent closure with nasal lining flaps, whereas 27 underwent closure using Millard medial and lateral flaps. The rate of symptomatic/visible fistulas after cleft palate repair was 19 percent (seven of 37) for patients with nasal lining flaps and 44 percent (12 of 27) for patients with medial and lateral flaps (p = 0.0509, Fisher’s exact test). The alveolar fistula rate was 3 percent (one of 37) for patients with nasal lining flaps and 30 percent (eight of 27) for patients with medial and lateral flaps (p = 0.0032, Fisher’s exact test).

Conclusions:
Nasal lining flaps at the time of cleft lip repair effectively close the anterior nasal floor in patients with a unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate. Decreasing the presence of alveolar fistulas after cleft palate repair improves the quality of life for patients with cleft deformities.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.