bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of urogenital tumors in males in Sub-Himalayan region
Authors: Panwar Rakesh , Gulati Anchana , Kaushik Rajni , Kaushal Vijay , Raina Pamposh 
Published: October 2018

Aims:
The clinical presentation and frequency of urogenital tumors varies in different regions of the world. This study was undertaken to analyze the frequency, clinical presentation, and the histopathological spectrum of the various male urogenital tumors diagnosed over a period of 3 years in a tertiary care institute.

Materials and Methods:
Three-year data were collected from the histopathology laboratory, which included all the cases of male urogenital tumors which were diagnosed histopathologically between November 2012 and October 2015.

Results:
A total of 10,297 surgical specimens of male patients were received in 3 years, of which 1749 were tumors of various organs in males. Of 1749 surgical specimens, 455 were genitourinary tumors. Frequency of urogenital tumors in males was 13.05%. Malignant tumors comprised the majority (99.53%). The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 98 years. The maximum number of patients was in the 5th–7th decade and the mean age of presentation was 64 years. Urinary bladder was the most common site for urogenital tumors (61.09%), with urothelial carcinoma being the most common histological type. Prostatic adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and penile squamous cell carcinoma accounted for a significant number of cases. Testicular tumors were the least common and included predominantly mixed germ cell tumors.

Conclusion:
This study can be taken as a small step toward making the registry of patients with urogenital tumors providing valuable information regarding the frequency, clinical presentation, and histological spectrum. Large population-based studies for a longer duration of time across both males and females are needed in the ever-changing trends of urogenital tumors.
MicroRNA-16 inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc by targeting <I>TAB3</I>
Authors: Du Ketao , He Xuguang , Deng Jiaqin 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionA variety of inflammatory mediators are produced by the degenerative human intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues spontaneously, suggesting their role in the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Our present study was designed to investigate the regulatory effect of microRNA-16 (miR-16) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells of the IVD.Material and methodsNP cells were treated with LPS to induce inflammatory responses. The expression of miRNA and genes was determined by qRT-PCR. Western blot and an ELISA kit were used to detect the proteins and protein expression, respectively. A dual luciferase reporter assay was applied to identify the correlation between a miRNA and a gene, and to test nuclear factor-B (NF-B) activity.ResultsThe results suggested that miR-16 positively regulated the mRNA and protein expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes (including aggrecan and collagen II) in NP cells, while it was negatively correlated with ECM degrading enzymes (including MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5) and related genes of nitric oxide (NO) reaction. Further studies revealed that miR-16 could oppositely regulate NF-B and MAPK pathways by directly mediating their upstream gene TAB3.ConclusionsOur study suggested that, in NP cells of the IVD, miR-16 could exert inhibitory effects on the LPS-induced inflammatory response through NF-B and MAPK pathways by directly mediating TAB3. In this way, miR-16
would play a protective role against LPS-induced IDD and inflammation. Therefore, miR-16 may be a novel therapeutic target for the inhibit of the ECM in the IVD.
Vaspin (but not neuropeptide B or neuropeptide W) as a possible predictor of body weight normalization in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Grzelak Teresa , Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor Marta , Dutkiewicz Agata , Mikulska Aniceta Ada , Dmitrzak-Weglarz Monika , Slopien Agnieszka , Czyzewska Krystyna , Paszynska Elzbieta 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the nutritional status of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and levels of vaspin (VASP), neuropeptide B (NPB), neuropeptide W (NPW) and total antioxidant status (TAS).Material and methodsNinety serum samples collected from 30 teenage female patients during the acute stage of AN and 30 healthy persons (CONTR) were subjected to biochemical analysis; patients with AN were examined at the beginning of the study (AN-I) and after hospitalization (AN-II), as a result of which partial stabilization of anthropometric measurements was achieved (an increase of body mass index (BMI) by 3.5 kg/m2).ResultsVaspin levels dropped at the end of the hospitalization (compared to AN-I, p < 0.05), achieving values comparable to the CONTR; moreover there was a positive correlation between VASP level and the achieved body weight in AN-II (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were also noted with regard to VASP vs. NPB in AN-I (p < 0.02) (and AN-II, p < 0.013), as well as in the case of VASP vs. NPW in the same groups (p < 0.02 and p < 0.015, respectively). NPB concentration was higher in AN-I (p < 0.05) and AN-II (p < 0.018) than in CONTR, whereas there were no differences (p > 0.05) with regard to levels of VASP, NPW, or TAS.ConclusionsThe high level of NPB despite treatment and normalization of VASP level may suggest that there are chronic neuroendocrine disorders at play in anorexia nervosa.
Is there a relation between vitamin D, interleukin-17, and bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease?
Authors: Krela-Kazmierczak Iwona , Szymczak-Tomczak Aleksandra , Tomczak Maciej , Lykowska-Szuber Liliana , Eder Piotr , Kucharski Marcin A. , Stawczyk-Eder Kamila , Waszak Katarzyna , Karczewski Jacek , Dobrowolska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionIn inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), osteopenia and osteoporosis constitute a significant medical problem. Cytokines, especially IL-17, play an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD and osteoporosis. Vitamin D is a regulator of bone metabolism, and helps maintain immune system homeostasis.Material and methodsThe research sample consisted of 208 persons: 83 patients (age 35 ±11.99 years) with Crohn’s disease (CD); 86 patients (age 39.58 ±14.74 years) with ulcerative colitis (UC); and 39 persons (age 30.74 ±8.63 years) in the control group (CG). Clinical data on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L2-L4), bone mineral density of the femoral neck (FN), and body mass index (BMI) were collected. 25OHD and IL-17 serum concentrations were also measured.ResultsBody mass index (kg/m2) results: in CD, 21.51 ±3.68; in UC, 23.31 ±4.38; and in CG, 24.57 ±3.45 (p < 0.01). Densitometry results for L2–L4 T-score SD: in CD –0.83 ±1.45; in UC –0.47 ±1.15; in CG 0.09 ±0.70. Densitometry results for FN T-score SD: in CD –0.62 ±1.26; in UC –0.29±1.17; in CG 0.41 ±1.03 25OHD (ng/ml) serum concentrations: in CD, 21.33±12.50; in UC, 22.04±9.56; in CG, 21.56±9.11 (ns). IL-17 (pg/ml) serum concentrations: in CD, 8.55±10.99; in UC, 11.67±12.97; in CG, 5.16±9.11 (ns).ConclusionsInflammatory bowel diseases patients and persons from the CG did not differ in vitamin D or IL-17 levels. Patients with a mild course of the disease had a higher vitamin D concentration and bone mineral density. In UC, higher vitamin D concentrations were associated with lower IL-17 concentrations. The IBD patients with a severe course of the disease had a lower body mass than those in the CG and the patients with a mild course of the disease.
Evaluating and improving modeled turbulent heat fluxes across the North American Great Lakes
Authors: Charusombat Umarporn , Fujisaki-Manome Ayumi , Gronewold Andrew D. , Lofgren Brent M. , Anderson Eric J. , Blanken Peter D. , Spence Christopher , Lenters John D. , Xiao Chuliang , Fitzpatrick Lindsay E. , Cutrell Gregory 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Turbulent fluxes of latent and sensible heat are important physical processes
that influence the energy and water budgets of the North American Great
Lakes. These fluxes can be measured in situ using eddy covariance techniques
and are regularly included as a component of lake–atmosphere models. To help
ensure accurate projections of lake temperature, circulation, and regional
meteorology, we validated the output of five algorithms used in three popular
models to calculate surface heat fluxes: the Finite Volume Community Ocean
Model (FVCOM, with three different options for heat flux algorithm), the
Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and the Large Lake
Thermodynamic Model. These models are used in research and operational
environments and concentrate on different aspects of the Great Lakes'
physical system. We isolated only the code for the heat flux algorithms from
each model and drove them using meteorological data from four over-lake
stations within the Great Lakes Evaporation Network (GLEN), where eddy
covariance measurements were also made, enabling co-located comparison. All
algorithms reasonably reproduced the seasonal cycle of the turbulent heat
fluxes, but all of the algorithms except for the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere
Response Experiment (COARE) algorithm showed notable overestimation of the
fluxes in fall and winter. Overall, COARE had the best agreement with eddy
covariance measurements. The four algorithms other than COARE were altered by
updating the parameterization of roughness length scales for air temperature
and humidity to match those used in COARE, yielding improved agreement
between modeled and observed sensible and latent heat fluxes.
Characterization of Tunisian castor bean genotypes using SDS-PAGE of total seed storage proteins
Authors: Vivodí­k Martin , Saadaoui Ezzeddine , Gálová Zdenka , Balážová Želmí­ra , Petrovičová Lenka 
Published: October 2018

Due to the chemical and physical properties of castor oil (Ricinus communis L.) that make it a valuable raw material for numerous industrial applications, including the production of biofuel, interest to develop more and better varieties has been increased. The objectives of this work, were to find out the level of genetic variability present in 56 Tunisian castor germplasm by using the electrophoretic profiles of total seed proteins with different molecular weights through SDS-PAGE. Fifty-six castor (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes were used in the present study. Seeds of castor were obtained from the University of Carthage, National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Waters and Forests (INRGREF), Regional Station of Gabès, Tunisia. Storage proteins were extracted from individual grains by the standard reference electrophoretic method by ISTA in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). The number of total scorable protein bands was twentynine as a result of SDS-PAGE technique but those that were not cosistent in reproducibility and showed occasional variation in sharpness and density were not considered. Out of twentynine polypeptide bands, 5 (18%) were commonly present in all accessions and considered as monomorphic, while 24 (82%) showed variations and considered as polymorphic. The size of the protein bands obtained through SDS-PAGE ranged from 30 to 180 kDa. On the basis of banding profiles of proteins of different kDa, gel was divided into zones A, B and C. The major protein bands were lied in zones A and B, while minor bands were present in zones C. The dendrogram tree demonstrated the relationship among the 56 Tunisian castor genotypes according to the similarity index, using UPGMA cluster analysis. The dendrogram was divided into three main clusters. Similarly the present study of genetic variability in the seed storage polypeptide determined by SDS-PAGE technique proved that it is fruitful to identify genetic diversity among accessions of castor.
Os princípios de justiça das espécies tributárias: da capacidade de pagar ao princípio do benefício frente ao tamanho do Estado
Authors: Leister Carolina , Novaes Chiappin José Raymundo 
Published: October 2018

Resumo: Este artigo objetiva recuperar dois princípios de justiça, o da capacidade de pagar e o do benefício, adotados na teoria de finanças públicas, e aplica-los às espécies tributárias, considerando a classificação tripartida de Ataliba. Defende-se a tese de que cada espécie tributária possui um princípio da justiça inerente que a rege. O artigo demostra, ainda, que enquanto o princípio da capacidade de pagar desvincula o custo do benefício decorrente dos bens e serviços ofertados pelo Estado, o princípio do benefício promove essa vinculação. Por derradeiro, demonstra-se que ao promover essa vinculação o princípio do benefício faz com que as decisões quanto ao tamanho do Estado – leia-se decisões alocativas relativas ao quantum de bens e serviços públicos que serão oferecidos – permaneça nas mãos dos contribuintes, ao passo que o princípio da capacidade de pagar, ao separar o custo do benefício para cada obrigado, coloca nas mãos do poder central essa decisão. Inobstante, verifica-se, que enquanto a subespécie de tributo vinculado ‘taxa’ permite aos contribuintes tomarem decisões quanto ao tamanho do Estado, o mesmo não se pode afirmar da subespécie de tributo vinculado ‘contribuição’.Palavras-chave: Benefício. Capacidade de pagar. Princípios de justiça. Tamanho do Estado. Tributos vinculados. Tributos não vinculados.
Duração razoável do processo: o diálogo necessário entre os órgãos judiciais brasileiros e as cortes internacionais
Authors: Lopes Ana Maria D´Ávila , Chaves Daniela Lustoza Marques de Souza 
Published: October 2018

Resumo: Este artigo examina a necessidade do ‘diálogo das fontes’ entre os órgãos judiciais brasileiros e as cortes internacionais, como forma de fortalecer a argumentação das decisões judiciais locais. Para tanto, com base em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental na doutrina, jurisprudência e legislação nacional e internacional, analisam-se, sob a perspectiva do transconstitucionalismo, os parâmetros estabelecidos pela Corte Europeia de Diretos Humanos e pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos para determinar se um processo transcorreu sem dilações indevidas. Em seguida, defende-se o diálogo com os precedentes das cortes internacionais como elemento de argumentação judicial, quando o Poder Judiciário for provocado a decidir sobre possíveis reparações em razão da demora na entrega da tutela jurisdicional. Ao final, examina-se uma decisão judicial brasileira sobre o tema, em confronto com os precedentes das cortes internacionais e outras decisões judiciais do país.Palavras-chave: Cortes Internacionais. Decisões judiciais. Diálogo das fontes. Direito fundamental. Duração razoável do processo. Transconstitucionalismo.
Las proyecciones de la sustentabilidad en la bioética: ¿derecho o deber – moral – de mejorar a los seres humanos futuros?
Authors: Belloso Martín Nuria 
Published: October 2018

Resumen: La sustentabilidad se ha convertido en un parámetro protector de los Derechos humanos, con el ánimo de evitar alteraciones o mutaciones tales que acaben dañando al ser humano tanto de las generaciones actuales como, y principalmente, de las generaciones venideras. En este contexto, el interrogante al que se plantea es: ¿qué riesgos implica, para el futuro de la humanidad, los nuevos avances en genética? El presente estudio analiza el tema, iniciando con unas aclaraciones terminológicas sobre la sostenibilidad. Seguidamente, se examina el principio de sostenibilidad en las áreas concretas de la Bioética – y del Bioderecho y de la Biomedicina. La ética en la era de la ingeniería genética merece una reflexión. Ello permite examinar la viabilidad de la proyección de la sostenibilidad en las áreas citadas. La aplicación de los resultados de la investigación científica en tales campos está produciendo cambios de los que cabe esperar mejorarán la salud y, a su vez, se proyectarán en varios de los Derechos humanos. El genoma humano, los organismos transgénicos, el transplante de órganos, terapias génicas, la producción de medicamentos y de tratamientos quedan afectados por debates éticos y jurídicos. Con base en el interrogante de si hay derecho o deber – obligación – de mejorar las generaciones futuras, se examina si es posible configurar un Bioderecho sostenible, para lo que se plantean dos supuestos que son exponentes respectivos de un tratamiento terapéutico y de una eugenesia perfectiva. La sostenibilidad lleva a cuestionarse si todo lo que científicamente pueda hacerse para mejorar la raza humana, debe de hacerse, porque las decisiones que se adopten en el presente determinarán a las generaciones futuras.Palabras-clave: Bioética. Derecho Humanos. Deber. Moral. Genética. Sustentabilidad.
Polska A, B i C? Volební geografie vybraných polských vojvodství
Authors: Pospíchal Matěj 
Published: October 2018

The study focuses on spatial analysis of the general election results in Lower Silesia, Lodz and Lesser Poland voivodeships in a period between 2001 and 2015. Primary subjects of the analysis are political parties Law and Justice, Civic Platform, Polish People´s Party and Democratic Left Alliance, but particularly works also with the results of another parties (Self-Defence, League of Polish families, Modern). Standard electoral geography methodological methods, such as cartographic display of election results, correlation analysis and concentration of the election results measurement have been used on the local level and along with Polish and Czech literature review are included in the study. Main goal of the study was to find out if there are structural differences in terms of electoral support for the parties on both regional and voivodeship level. The analysis proved deeper context of the election results in the eastern regions along with a changing spatial structure of the Law and Justice support in the first decade of the 21st century and related deepening differences between voter bases of the Law and Justice and the Civic Platform- strongest parties in Poland. Findings of the analysis might be useful for upcoming research of the analysis of the electoral support in terms of regional differences.
Les nouvelles frontières de la gauche
Authors: Coen Federico , Bobbio Noberto 
Published: October 2018

Cette conversation avec Norberto Bobbio, publié en italien en 1991, prend source dans
le cataclysme politique qui a bouleversé et déterminé l'effondrement du « communisme réel »
ainsi que le processus de dissolution d'un grand empire multinational. Traduite dans nos
colonnes un peu plus de vingt ans après sa parution en italien, elle permet de considérer
avec le recul nécessaire les transformations intervenues depuis lors en Europe. Cette
rétrospective sur un phénomène comme le mouvement communiste, qui a profondément marqué
l'histoire du siècle dernier, s'inscrit dans le cadre de nos réflexions concernant les
« gauches du monde ». Près de soixante-dix ans après la victoire de l'Armée rouge sur la
Wehrmacht, il nous semble particulièrement utile de nous remémorer une époque dont les
cadres mentaux structurent encore certains rapports de force internationaux, en revenant aux
termes dans lesquels la transformation de ceux-ci pouvaient se présenter en 1991.
Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of silage corn intercropped with soybean
Authors: Baghdadi Ali , Halim Ridzwan A. , Ghasemzadeh Ali , Ramlan Mohd Fauzi , Sakimin Siti Zaharah 
Published: October 2018

Background
Corn silage is an important feed for intense ruminant production, but the growth of corn relies heavily on the use of chemical fertilizers. Sustainable crop production requires careful management of all nutrient sources available on a farm, particularly in corn-based cropping systems.

Methods
Experiments were conducted to determine the appropriate technique of corn-legume intercropping in conjunction with the supplemental use of chemical fertilizers, organic manure, and biofertilizers (BFs). Acetylene reduction assays (ARAs) were also performed on corn and soybean roots.

Results
Combining chemical fertilizers with chicken manure (CM) in a 50:50 ratio and applying 50% NPK+50% CM+BF produced fresh forage and dry matter (DM) yields that were similar to those produced in the 100% nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) treatment. Among the lone fertilizer treatments, the inorganic fertilizer (100% NPK) treatment produced the highest DM yield (13.86 t/ha) of forage and outyielded the 100% CM (9.74 t/ha) treatment. However, when CM was combined with NPK, the resulting DM yield of forage (13.86 t/ha) was the same as that resulting from 100% NPK (13.68 t/ha). Compared with CM applications alone, combinations of NPK and CM applications resulted in increased plant height, crop growth rates (CGRs) and leaf area index (LAI), but the values of these parameters were similar to those resulting from 100% NPK application. Fertilizers in which the ratio was 50% CM+50% NPK or 50% CM+50% NPK+BF resulted in protein yields that were similar to those resulting from conventional fertilizers. Similarly, the CP content did not significantly differ between applications of the 100% NPK and 50% CM+50% NPK fertilizers. The use of BFs had no significant impact on improving either the yield or quality of forage fertilized with inorganic or organic fertilizer. Lactic acid responded differently to different fertilizer applications and was significantly higher in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots. Compared with treatments of lone chemical and lone organic manure fertilizers, treatments involving applications of BF and a combination of BF and NPK or CM resulted in higher ARA values.

Discussion
There is no simple and easy approach to increase biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in grain legumes grown as part of a cropping system under realistic farm field conditions. Overall, evidence recorded from this study proves that, compared with corn monocrops combined with CM and chemical fertilizers, corn-soybean intercrops could increase forage yields and quality, produce higher total protein yields, and reduce the need for protein supplements and chemical fertilizers.
An Ultrafast and Highly Stable Potassium–Organic Battery
Authors: Fan Ling , Ma Ruifang , Wang Jue , Yang Hongguan , Lu Bingan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPotassium–organic batteries have a great potential for applications in the grid‐scale energy storage owing to their low cost and abundant resources, although they suffer from the inferior cycle stability, fast capacity decay, and low power density. A highly reversible phase transformation of the organic cathode during potassiation/depotassiation is the key factor for the capacity retention, as revealed here. Consequently, the potassium–organic battery achieves a high power density of 9796 W kg−1, a remarkable energy efficiency of 89%, a long cycle stability for 1000 cycles, a superior areal capacity around 2 mA h cm−2, and a long‐term cycling time over 8 months. Besides, the full cells also exhibit a superior rate performance and good cycle stability over 3000 cycles. This work provides new insight into the stabilization of the organic cathode, and demonstrates the enormous potential of organic cathodes for application in high‐power potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), which may bring PIBs to new heights.