bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the Maxillofacial Mini-plate Compact 1.0 in the Fracture Repair of 12 Cats/2 Dogs
Authors: Bernasconi C. E. , von Werthern C. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study reports the application of the AO/ASIF maxillofacial mini-plate system, Compact 1.0a (MF mini-plate 1.0), in the repair of fractures in 12 cats and two small sized dogs. The malleability of these titanium mini-plates allows them to be precisely contoured and positioned to fit onto the most advantages sites of the bone. Selftapping mini-screws provide an easy application and a time-saving osteosynthesis. Fractures of miniature bones too small for the regular AO/ASIF miniimplants can be repaired successfully with this MF mini-plate 1.0 implant set. The special indications reported were the repair of fractures of the angle of the mandible in cats, articular digital fractures in small dogs and the stabilization of small avulsion fractures in cats and dogs.This study shows the successful application of the titanium maxillofacial mini-plate, Compact 1.0, in 12 cats and two toy breed dogs. Miniature fractures, such as mandible or digit fractures, too small for the AO/ASIF mini-plate system are indications for these implants. The self-tapping screws of the maxillofacial system, Compact 1.0, with a core diameter of 0.7 mm, can be used as plate screws or interfragmentarily.
Lumbar spine stability following hemilaminectomy, pediculectomy, and fenestration
Authors: Lubbe A. M. , Guthrie A. J. , Hill T. P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe destabilising effect of the removal of a single vertebral diarthrosis and the ipsilateral incision of the anuliis fibrosus at two adjacent vertebrae in the canine lumbar spine was quantified in an in vitro study. Lumbar spine segments, from the first to fourth lumbar vertebrae, were harvested from canine cadavers and divided into 1 control group (A) and 3 experimental groups - hemilaminectomy and fenestration (B), pediculectomy and fenestration (C), fenestration alone (D). Samples were subjected to 4 point lateral bending to point of failure. Stiffness, maximum bending moment (Mbmax), angular deformation and bending moment at 15° (Mb at 15°) variables were determined for each group. Hemilaminectomy and fenestration had the greatest decrease in Mbmax, Mb at 15° and stiffness and the greatest increase in angular deformation. Pediculectomy and fenestration and the fenestration alone procedures caused similar and significant reductions in Mb at 15° and stiffness. Pediculectomy was less destabilizing than hemilaminectomy, although this difference was not statistically significant. Fenestration is the common and greatest destabilizing factor. The removal of a single pedicle and accessory process has minimal destabilizing effects.The destabilizing effect of hemilaminectomy, pediculectomy and fenestration were quantified and compared in a study using canine cadaver spines. The combination of hemilaminectomy and fenestration produced the greatest degree of instability, but fenestration was the shared, most significant, single destabilizing factor.
Biological fracture fixation: a perspective
Authors: Törnkvist H. , Field J. R. 
Published: March 2018

The concept of biological fracture fixation encompasses a reduction in soft-tissue trauma at the time of surgery, usually involving percutaneous application of plates. This is combined with the implantation of reduced amounts of hardware; the desired result is a fracture that repairs through indirect bone union with the formation of callus. The end result is a fracture that heals faster and is stronger, at least in the healing phase.Biological fixation is not uncommonly utilized in human orthopaedics, particularly for diaphyseal fractures which involve a number (>2) of fragments with articular disruption. This methodology may also have application in veterinary orthopaedics, particularly small animals or the juvenile equid.
Comparison of pull-out resistance of Kirschner wires and Imex™ miniature interface fixation half pins in polyurethane foam
Authors: Smith C. W. , Harari J. , Marretta S. , Pijanowski G. J. , Schaeffer D. J. , Sandman K. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe pin-bone interface is critical in maintaining a stable external skeletal fixator to allow bony union and prevent complications related to loose pins (3, 7, 13, 14, 16, 17). Threaded pins have increased pull-out strength in comparison to smooth pins and have improved the bone-pin interface (1, 2, 4, 12, 16, 21). Pull-out strengths were compared between smooth Kirschner size pins and Imex™ Miniature Interface Fixation Half Pins in a polyurethane foam bone model. The negative profile end threaded pins had significantly higher pull-out strengths (p <0.001) than smooth pins. Increasing the diameter of the pin and the length of engagement also increased the pull-out strengths of both pin types. Improving the pull-out strength of pins should minimize morbidity of external skeletal fixators used in repair of mandibular/maxillary fractures or long bone repairs on small and exotic patients.
Acetabular cup displacement after polyethylenecement interface failure: A complication of total hip replacement in seven dogs
Authors: Hunter S. , Butkus L. , Olmstead M. L. , Dyce J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAcetabular cup displacement (ACD) was identified as a complication of cemented modular total hip replacement in seven dogs. ACD is characterized by mechanical failure of the polyethylene-cement interface and subsequent cup migration, and is a clinical entity distinct from classical aseptic loosening. ACD is a sequela of extrusion of the cup and lateralization of the prosthetic load-bearing axis. The acetabular cup displacement ratio (ACDR) has a statistically significant effect on whether ACD develops (P <0.0005). If ACD should occur, acetabular revision arthroplasty generally results in a good clinical outcome, if not complicated by infection.
Polysulphated glycosaminoglycans modulate transcription of interleukin-1β treated chondrocytes in monolayer culture
Authors: MacLeod J. N. , Fubini S. L. , Vernier-Singer M. , Nixon A. J. , Todhunter R. J. , Mertens W. D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe ability of polysulphated glycosaminoglycans (PSGAGs, Adequan®) to modulate the transcription of major articular cartilage matrix proteins and enzymes was examined. Northern blot analyses were used to compare steady-state mRNA levels of type-II procollagen, aggrecan core protein, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-3 in equine chondrocytes grown in monolayer culture. The groups included: control, low-dose (0.1mg/ml) Adequan®, high-dose (1.0mg/ml) Adequan®, IL-1 β (10ng/ml), IL-1 β with low-dose Adequan®, and IL-1 β with high-dose Adequan®. The responses (p<0.05) to treatment were compared with one-way analysis of variance and post hoc least significant difference test. Interleukin-1 β significantly decreased steady-state levels of type-II procollagen (0.5x) and aggrecan core protein (to undetectable levels) and significantly increased MMP-1 (11.7x), MMP-3 (1.8x), TIMP-1 (1.9x), and TIMP-3 (5.1 x). Adequan® alone significantly increased steady-state mRNA levels of type-II procollagen (1.6x) and decreased MMP-1 (0.3x at high-dose only), MMP-3 (0.5x), and TIMP-1 (0.3x at high-dose only). In IL-1 β-treated chondrocytes, Adequan® significantly increased steady-state mRNA levels of type-II procollagen (1.4x of IL-1 β-treated levels), aggrecan core protein (IL-1 β -treated had no detectable expression), and MMP-3 (3.6 x at high dose) and significantly decreased steady-state mRNA levels of MMP-1 (0.3 x), and TIMP-1 (0.2x). This study is the first to demonstrate that Adequan® alters steady-state mRNA levels of key matrix proteins and enzymes; that it counteracts some of the deleterious effects of IL-1 β; and that these effects are in part dose-dependent.
Arthrotomy versus arthroscopy in the treatment of the fragmented medial coronoid process of the ulna (FCP) in 421 dogs
Authors: Langhann A. , Fehr M. , Nolte I. , Meyer-Lindenberg A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn a retrospective trial over eight years 518 joints from 421 dogs with fragmented medial coronoid process of the ulna (FCP) were included. Seventy-five joints had an additional osteochondrosis dissecans of the medial aspect of the humeral condyle. Forty-six point eight percent of the dogs (197/421) were younger than one year. Two hundred and forty-seven joints were treated by conventional arthrotomy and 271 joints were treated by arthroscopy. Two hundred and thirty-eight cases (103 treated by arthrotomy and 135 by arthroscopy) were re-evaluated clinically and radiographically and 191 cases (88 treated by arthrotomy and 103 by arthroscopy) by means of a questionnaire at an average of 23 and 21 months after the operations, respectively. Forty-two point four percent (81/191) of the cases treated by arthrotomy did not show any lameness, 29.3% (56/191) showed temporary lameness after rest or heavy exercise, and 28.3% (54/191) showed constant lameness. The signs of which had, however, been reduced by surgery in 14 of these cases. Sixty point one percent (143/238) of the cases treated by arthroscopy did not show any lameness, 29.4% (70/238) showed temporary lameness after rest or heavy exercise and 10.5% (25/238) showed constant lameness, out of which four cases had improved after surgery. In the cases treated by arthroscopy, the period of convalescence was shorter. Differences between these methods were not observed with respect to the development of subsequent arthrosis. The results of the study show that arthroscopy, with its minimal invasive character, gives better functional results than conventional arthrotomy. However, the development of secondary arthrosis cannot be avoided by either method.
The use of Ellis pins (negative profile tip-threaded pins) in external skeletal fixation in dogs and cats
Authors: Pead M. J. , Beck A. L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe Ellis pin is commonly used in external skeletal fixators (ESFs) but some authors suggest that this pin suffers from a high rate of failure. The purpose of this study was to look for complications associated with four different pin types, in particular pin breakage, as well as pin loosening, radiolucency around pins and pin tract discharge. Fifty consecutive cases which had an ESF applied using Ellis pins were identified. Radiographs and case records were used to record case details, ESF design, duration of fixation, pin types used, and complications. Records from 31 dogs and 17 cats were examined (2 animals were removed from the study because of incomplete follow-up). There were 21 Type I, 7 Type I with a tied-in IM pin, 2 modified Type I, 2 modified Type I with a tied-in IM pin and 16 modified Type II ESFs. 160 Ellis pins, 30 centrally threaded positive profile pins, 4 end threaded positive profile pins and 46 smooth pins were used. Complications relating to one or more of the pins were seen in 65% of the fixators. None of the pins broke. There was a significant association between individual pin type and the number of pins showing loosening (p = 0.002) or radiolucency (p = 0.006), but not a significance in the association between pin type and discharge (Chi-Square test). When each pin was compared against each other pin, smooth pins were significantly more likely to be loose than Ellis pins (p <0.001), and centrally threaded positive profile pins were significantly more likely to result in radiolucency than Ellis pins (p = 0.01), using a Chi-square test. There was not any significant association between any other pin types for any complication using a Fisher’s Exact test. The study demonstrates that Ellis pins, when inserted correctly, are not at any greater risk of failure than other pin types, and that fewer complications may be associated with them than other pin designs.
Effect of weight bearing on the joint angles of the fore- and hind limb of the dog
Authors: Rochat M. , Payton M. , Watson C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn the dog the correct angles for arthrodesis of limb joints have been published in the veterinary literature. They can also be obtained by measuring the joint angles of the contralateral limb from a standing lateral radiograph. This study was undertaken to determine if increased weight-bearing had a significant effect on joint angles. Standing lateral radiographs of the foreand hind limbs were taken of dogs standing on all four legs and then with their contralateral limb elevated. A significant difference was found between the angles of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints (p ≤ 0.05) when the dog was bearing weight on all four limbs compared to when the contralateral limb was elevated. Significant differences were not found for the other joints that were evaluated (shoulder, elbow, antebrachial carpal, stifle tibiotarsal).
The Cranial Rectus Abdominus Muscle Pedicle Flap in the Dog
Authors: Bauer M. S. , Steyn P.F. , Toombs Wanda , Orton E.C. , Degner D. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe cranial rectus abdominus muscle pedicle flap (CRAMP) group did not demonstrate any significant difference in perfusion compared to the control rectus abdominus muscle flap group with the caudal epigastric artery intact. Angiography of the cranial epigastric artery demonstrated anastomoses with the caudal epigastric artery.This study evaluated the angio-gram of the cranial epigastric artery and perfusion of the cranial rectus abdominus muscle pedicle (CRAMP) flap using scintigraphy. The results indicated the CRAMP flap may remain viable in a chronic model.
Biomechanical Properties of Ethylene Oxide Sterilized and Cryopreserved Cortical Bone Allografts
Authors: van Bree H. , Mattheeuws D. , Tshamala M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo evaluate changes during preservation, 76 femoral segments of cortical bone of dogs were tested biomechanically in order to determine their strength in compression, in bending and in torsion. These bones were wrapped in plastic-paper and they were sterilized with ethylene oxide 12%, at 30° C and 1.4 bars and preserved thereafter at 舑20° C. According to the applied loading test, three treatment groups were devised; each treatment group was subdivided into five groups: one control (fresh specimen) and four test-groups differing from each other by the preservation time; i.e. 3, 6, 9 or 12 months. Statistical analysis has demonstrated that there is not a significant difference between the test results for each test-group and its control. The conclusion of this study was that bones, treated as described above, can be stored up to one year without risks to significantly reduce their strength in compression, in bending and in torsion.To evaluate changes during preservation, femoral segments of cortical bone of dogs were tested biomechanically in order to evaluate their resistance in compression, in bending and to twisting moments. These bones were wrapped in plastic-paper and they were sterilized with ethylene oxide 12%, at 30° C and 1.4 bars and preserved thereafter at -20 ° C. Statistical analysis has shown that there was not a significant difference between the test results for each test-group and its control. As a conclusion, bone allografts, treated as described above, can be stored up to one year without risks to reduce significantly, their resistance to compressive, bending and torsional loads.
The Sensitivity and Specificity of Radiology and Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Posttraumatic Osteomyelitis
Authors: Tvedten H. W. , Mostosky U. V. , Thomas M. , Stickle R. L. , Kaneene J. B. , Braden T. D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe sensitivity and specificity of radiology and histopathology in the diagnosis of post-traumatic osteomyelitis was determined. Post-traumatic osteomyelitis was created in one tibia of each of 31 dogs. Fifteen dogs did not receive treatment and sixteen dogs were treated with clindamycin (11 mg/kg body weight q 12 h, PO) for 28 days. At 8 wks post-inoculation week, S. aureus was isolated from nine of 31 dogs. Bacteriological reculture was the standard diagnostic test for osteomyelitis and was used as the standard for comparison in the calculations of the sensitivity and specificity of both radiology and histopathology. The sensitivity of radiology (radiological consensus of three radiologists) in the diagnosis of post-traumatic osteomyelitis at 8 weeks post-inoculation was 62.5% with a range among individual radiologists from 37.5% to 62.5%. The specificity of radiology (consensus) in the diagnosis of posttraumatic osteomyelitis at 8 weeks post-inoculation was 57.1% with a range among individual radiologists from 28.5% to 95.2%. The sensitivity of histopathology in the diagnosis of post-traumatic osteomyelitis at 8 weeks post-inoculation was 33.3%. The specificity of histopathology in the diagnosis of post-traumatic osteomyelitis at 8 weeks post-inoculation was 86.3%.
Secondary Fractures Following Internal Fixation in Two Horses
Authors: Gaughan E. M. , Duchar N. G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryImplant associated fractures have not been reported in horses. Two horses were evaluated for fractures in the fore limbs, occurring subsequent to previous fracture repair. Previously, the horses had sustained fractures of unusual configurations which were repaired using internal fixation. Following repair and healing of the fractures, secondary fractures occurred in the same bone, but in a different (more common) configuration. The first horse was evaluated ten months following lag screw fixation of a longitudinal fracture of the proximal phalanx in a frontal plane. This horse presented with a more typical comminuted fracture in the sagittal plane with the screws from the first fixation lying in the fracture line. This fracture was successfully treated with a cast. The second horse was examined eightteen months after repair of a medial sagittal slab fracture of the third carpal bone. The horse presented with a more typical dorsal slab fracture of the third carpal bone with the previously placed lag screw lying in the fracture line. The screw was removed and a lag screw was placed perpendicular to the new fracture plane through the dorsal surface of the third carpal bone to repair the fracture.
Comparison of Cerclage Wire Placement in Relation to a Neutralization Plate: A Mechanical and Histological Study
Authors: Schwarz P. D. , Powers Barbara , Histand M. E. , Willer R. L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAn oblique femoral osteotomy model was created to determine if placement of cerclage wires, in relation to a neutralization plate (under vs over), affects bone healing and mechanical strength. In phase I of the study, femora of five skeletally mature mixed breed dogs were stabilized with a neutralization plate and three cerclage wires. One femur from each dog had the cerclage wires placed under the plate and the opposite femur had the cerclage wires placed over the plate. One dog was eliminated from the study due to nonunion. At eight weeks, the osteotomy sites were subjected to a torsional load and studied histologically. In phase II, 40 pairs of femora were used to determine whether cerclage wire placement and size affected the mechanical strength of the bone-plate model when torsional loads were applied. Within the limits explored in this study, placement of cerclage wires under the plate resulted in an osteotomy which was more resistant to torsional loads and was more advanced histologically towards bone healing. Cerclage wires placed under the plate appeared to provide improved osteotomy stabilization. Cerclage wire size did not significantly influence the mechanical strength of the bone-plate model.The comparison of cerclage wire placement in relation to a neutralization plate, using an oblique femoral osteotomy model, is discussed. Resistance to torsional loads was greater in eight week healed osteotomies when the cerclage wires had been placed under versus over a neutralization plate.
Time Course of ECG Depolarization and Repolarization Changes during Ischemia in PTCA Recordings
Authors: García J. , Wagner G. , Bailón R. , Sörnmo L. , Laguna P. , Pueyo E. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
In this work we studied the temporal evolution of changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a consequence of the induced ischemia during prolonged coronary angioplasty, comparing the time course of indexes reflecting depolarization and those reflecting repolarization.

Methods:
We considered both local (measured at specific points of the ECG) and global (obtained from the Karhunen-Loève transform) indexes. In particular, the evolution of Q, R and S wave amplitudes during ischemia was analyzed with respect to classical indexes such as ST level. As a measurement of sensitivity we used an Ischemic Changes Sensor (ICS), which reflects the capacity of an index to detect changes in the ECG.

Results:
The results showed that, in leads with low-amplitude ST-T complexes, the S wave amplitude was more sensitive in detecting ischemia than was the commonly used index ST60. It was found that in such leads the S wave amplitude initially exhibited a delayed response to ischemia when compared to ST60, but its performance was better from the second minute of occlusion. The global indexes describing the ST-T complex were, in terms of the ICS, superior to the S wave amplitude for ischemia detection.

Conclusions:
Ischemic ECG changes occur both at repolarization and depolarization, with alterations in the depolarization period appearing later in time. Local indexes are less sensitive to ischemia than global ones.
A Nonlinear Circuit Architecture for Magnetoencephalographic Signal Analysis
Authors: Fortuna L. , Frasca M. , Rosa M. , Virzì M. C. , Shannahoff-Khalsa D. , Bucolo M. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
The objective of this paper was to face the complex spatio-temporal dynamics shown by Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data by applying a nonlinear distributed approach for the Blind Sources Separation. The effort was to characterize and differentiate the phases of a yogic respiratory exercise used in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorders.

Methods:
The patient performed a precise respiratory protocol, at one breath per minute for 31 minutes, with 10 minutes resting phase before and after. The two steps of classical Independent Component Approach have been performed by using a Cellular Neural Network with two sets of templates. The choice of the couple of suitable templates has been carried out using genetic algorithm optimization techniques.

Results:
Performing BSS with a nonlinear distributed approach, the outputs of the CNN have been compared to the ICA ones. In all the protocol phases, the main components founded with CNN have similar trends compared with that ones obtained with ICA. Moreover, using this distributed approach, a spatial location has been associated to each component.

Conclusions:
To underline the spatio-temporal and the nonlinearly of the neural process a distributed nonlinear architecture has been proposed. This strategy has been designed in order to overcome the hypothesis of linear combination among the sources signals, that is characteristic of the ICA approach, taking advantage of the spatial information.