bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of pelvic floor dysfunctions in nurses
Authors: Lopes Lia Gomes , Vasconcelos Camila Teixeira Moreira , Neto José Ananias Vasconcelos , Oriá Mônica Oliveira Batista , Saboia Dayana Maia , Gomes Maria Laura Silva , de Menezes Purdenciana Ribeiro , de Moraes Lopes Maria Helena Baena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of pelvic floor dysfunctions in female nurses.DesignA systematic review.Data SourcesSearches were conducted in the following five electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, LILACS, SCIELO, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. There were no period or language limitations.Review MethodsData extraction and synthesis were conducted and the appraisal of the quality of the studies was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool checklist for prevalence data.ResultsA total of 15 studies were included. The symptoms investigated were lower urinary tract symptoms, including urinary incontinence and its subtypes, sexual dysfunctions, constipation, faecal incontinence, and dual incontinence. Overall, prevalence ranged from 9.9% to 89.6%. Associated factors related to occupational roles were lifting heavy weights and poor bladder habits. Quality of life was significantly worse for nurses with pelvic floor disorders.ConclusionPelvic floor dysfunctions are very common among female nurses, considerably affecting their quality of life. Additional studies are needed to investigate the impact on work productivity, causal relationships with the occupation and the performance of prevention and treatment interventions directed toward this population.
Serum C‐reactive protein level is not associated with prostatic inflammation but with overactive detrusor in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Inamura So , Ito Hideaki , Shinagawa Tomochika , Tsutsumiuchi Manami , Taga Minekatsu , Tsuchiyama Katsuki , Kobayashi Motohiro , Yokoyama Osamu 
Published: June 2019

AimChronic prostatic inflammation is a critical factor that exacerbates lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) level is one of the most common markers with which to assess the degree of inflammation, and it has been reported to be related to the severity of LUTS. However, it is not clear whether the CRP level is linked to the magnitude of prostatic inflammation. We evaluated the relationship between the serum CRP level and the magnitude of prostatic inflammation and assessed the influence of CRP on the severity of LUTS.MethodsWe evaluated the tissue specimens of 121 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients who underwent surgery for BPH and preoperative measurement of the serum CRP level. We quantified the magnitude of prostatic inflammation histologically by determining the number of high endothelial venule (HEV)‐like vessels and assessed the relationship between the serum CRP level and the HEV‐like vessels. We divided the patients into two groups based on the median serum CRP level and compared the clinical parameters of the two groups.ResultsThe serum CRP level was correlated with the overactive bladder symptom score, whereas it was not correlated with the number of HEV‐like vessels. In filling cystometry and pressure‐flow study, the proportion of patients with detrusor overactivity in the higher‐CRP group was higher than that in the lower‐CRP group.ConclusionsOur present study showed that the serum CRP level was significantly associated with storage dysfunction; in contrast, it was not a surrogate marker of prostatic inflammation.
A Hybrid High‐Order method for finite elastoplastic deformations within a logarithmic strain framework
Authors: Abbas Mickaël , Ern Alexandre , Pignet Nicolas 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWe devise and evaluate numerically a Hybrid High‐Order (HHO) method for finite plasticity within a logarithmic strain framework. The HHO method uses as discrete unknowns piecewise polynomials of order k ≥ 1 on the mesh skeleton, together with cell‐based polynomials that can be eliminated locally by static condensation. The HHO method leads to a primal formulation, supports polyhedral meshes with nonmatching interfaces, and is free of volumetric locking. In addition, the integration of the behavior law is performed only at cell‐based quadrature nodes, and the tangent matrix in Newton's method is symmetric. Moreover, the principle of virtual work is satisfied locally with equilibrated tractions. Various two‐ and three‐dimensional benchmarks are presented, as well as comparisons against known solutions obtained with an industrial software using conforming and mixed finite elements.
Temporal and null‐space filter for the material point method
Authors: Tran Quoc‐Anh , Sołowski Wojciech 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper presents algorithm improvements that reduce the numerical noise and increase the numerical stability of the material point method formulation. Because of the linear mapping required in each time step of the material point method algorithm, a possible mismatch between the number of material points and grid nodes leads to a loss of information. These null‐space related errors may accumulate and affect the numerical solution. To remove the null‐space errors, the presented algorithm utilizes a null‐space filter. The null‐space filter shown removes the null‐space errors, resulting from the rank deficient mapping and the difference between the number of material points and the number of nodes. The presented algorithm enhancements also include the use of the explicit generalized‐α integration method, which helps optimizing the numerical algorithmic dissipation. This paper demonstrates the performance of the improved algorithms in several numerical examples.
Understanding structure and composition of thermally rearranged polymers based on small‐molecule chemistry: a perspective
Authors: Murugesan Arukkani , Sivaram Swaminathan 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe provide a critical perspective of the burgeoning literature on microporous polymers prepared using thermal rearrangement (TR) processes based on the learning derived from analogous chemistry involving small‐molecular‐weight compounds. TR polymers have shown interesting permeability–selectivity relationships in gas separation and, thus, have generated wide interest as potential membrane materials for industrial applications. The intractable nature of the products obtained by TR processes has precluded rigorous structural elucidation of the polymers. Based on small‐molecule chemistry, we conclude that structures are likely to be more complex than generally depicted in the published literature. Interestingly, a simpler chemistry, namely thermal dehydrocyclization (TCD), leads to products identical to those derived from TR, but at significantly lower temperatures. However, TCD chemistry does not involve a skeletal rearrangement of the kind purported in TR during the conversion of imide to oxazole ring resulting in spatially confined heterocyclic ring polymers. Yet, they show similar fractional free‐volume elements as exhibited by TR polymers. This is intriguing and points to a need for more careful examination of the factors responsible for microporosity in such materials. TR chemistry as currently practiced appears limited to only benzoxazole‐type structures. The ability to precisely control and reproducibly produce materials with well‐defined structure and properties will be a key to large‐scale manufacture and industrial applications of such materials. Seen from this perspective, TR processes leave much to be desired and further improvements are clearly warranted. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Building a botanical foundation for perennial agriculture: Global inventory of wild, perennial herbaceous Fabaceae species
Authors: Ciotir Claudia , Applequist Wendy , Crews Timothy E. , Cristea Neculai , DeHaan Lee R. , Frawley Emma , Herron Sterling , Magill Robert , Miller James , Roskov Yury , Schlautman Brandon , Solomon James , Townesmith Andrew , Van Tassel David , Zarucchi James , Miller Allison J. 
Published: June 2019

Societal Impact StatementAgroecosystems are constantly evolving to meet the needs of a growing population in a sustainable manner. Concerns about ecological impacts of agriculture, including soil loss, have focused attention on crops that provide both agricultural products and ecological services. Perennial, herbaceous crops that live for multiple years and can be harvested mechanically produce large root systems that may reduce soil loss; however, these species are largely absent from agriculture. The diversity of wild, perennial, herbaceous legume species documented by the Perennial Agriculture Project Global Inventory (PAPGI) increases resources available to breeders of perennial, herbaceous legumes, and raises awareness about untapped wild plant diversity in future crop development.Summary

Concerns about soil health and stability are focusing attention on crops that deliver both agricultural products and ecological services. Deep rooted, perennial plants that build soil organic matter, support diverse belowground microbial communities, and produce edible seeds are key components underpinning ecological intensification; however, few perennial, herbaceous crops have been domesticated for food.

To facilitate development of edible, perennial, herbaceous crops, including perennial grains, we constructed an online resource of wild, perennial, herbaceous species—the Perennial Agriculture Project Global Inventory (PAPGI; http://www.tropicos.org/Project/PAPGI). The first component of this project focuses on wild, perennial, herbaceous Fabaceae species. We extracted taxonomic names and descriptors from the International Legume Database and Information Service. Names were added to PAPGI, a special project within the botanical database TROPICOS, where they link to specimen records and ethnobotanical and toxicological data. PAPGI includes 6,644 perennial, herbaceous Fabaceae species.

We built a searchable database, a framework for the ongoing incorporation of more than 60 agriculturally important traits for perennial, herbaceous legumes. Here we highlight food and forage uses for 314 legume species, and toxicological data for 278 species.

The novel contribution of PAPGI is its focus on wild, perennial herbaceous species that generally have not entered the domestication process but that hold promise for development as perennial food crops. By extracting botanical information relevant for agriculture we provide a dynamic resource for breeders and plant scientists working to advance ecological intensification of agriculture, and for conservation managers working to preserve wild species of potential agricultural importance.
A Cratered Photonic Crystal Cavity Mode for Nonlocal Exciton–Photon Interactions
Authors: Qian Chenjiang , Xie Xin , Yang Jingnan , Xu Xiulai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOptical nanocavities for coherent interfaces usually have their electric field maximum at the center point, which normally benefits interactions with small local quantum emitters. Here, a partial thickness modulation on 2D slab photonic crystal cavities for a cratered cavity mode function to improve nonlocal interactions is proposed. The thickness modulation is applied around the central region, and has little effect on the fringe electric field, which determines the coupling to waveguides or other cavities. Furthermore, the partial modulation enhances the cratered electric field at positions that are distant from the center point. Therefore, interactions with multiple separated emitters are simultaneously enhanced, and the interaction with a large emitter beyond the dipole approximation is also doubled. The improvement of the nonlocal interactions demonstrates a great potential for the cratered cavity mode profile for applications in quantum photonic networks.
Retrosynthesis of Tunable Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Precise Long‐Term Mitochondrial Tracking
Authors: Geng Xin , Sun Yuanqiang , Li Zhaohui , Yang Ran , Zhao Yanmin , Guo Yifei , Xu Jinjin , Li Fengting , Wang Ying , Lu Siyu , Qu Lingbo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMitochondria play a significant role in many cellular processes. Precise long‐term tracking of mitochondrial status and behavior is very important for regulating cell fate and treating mitochondrial diseases. However, developing probes with photostability, long‐term tracking capability, and tunable long‐wavelength fluorescence has been a challenge in mitochondrial targeting. Carbon dots (CDs) as new fluorescent nanomaterials with low toxicity and high stability show increasing advantages in bioimaging. Herein, the mitochondria tracking CDs (MitoTCD) with intrinsic mitochondrial imaging capability and tunable long‐wavelength fluorescence from green to red are synthesized where the lipophilic cation of rhodamine is served as the luminescent center of CDs. Due to the excellent photostability, superior fluorescence properties and favorable biocompatibility, these MitoTCD are successfully used for mitochondrial targeting imaging of HeLa cells in vitro and can be tracked as long as six passages, which is suitable for long‐term cell imaging. Moreover, these MitoTCD can also be used for zebrafish imaging in vivo.
Electrically Pumped White‐Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Histidine‐Doped MoS2 Quantum Dots
Authors: Lu Guan‐Zhang , Wu Meng‐Jer , Lin Tzu‐Neng , Chang Chi‐Yuan , Lin Wei‐Ling , Chen Yi Ting , Hou Chen‐Fu , Cheng Hao‐Jan , Lin Tai‐Yuan , Shen Ji‐Lin , Chen Yang‐Fang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMoS2 quantum dots (QDs)‐based white‐light‐emitting diodes (QD‐WLEDs) are designed, fabricated, and demonstrated. The highly luminescent, histidine‐doped MoS2 QDs synthesized by microwave induced fragmentation of 2D MoS2 nanoflakes possess a wide distribution of available electronic states as inferred from the pronounced excitation‐wavelength‐dependent emission properties. Notably, the histidine‐doped MoS2 QDs show a very strong emission intensity, which exceeds seven times of magnitude larger than that of pristine MoS2 QDs. The strongly enhanced emission is mainly attributed to nitrogen acceptor bound excitons and passivation of defects by histidine‐doping, which can enhance the radiative recombination drastically. The enabled electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the QD‐WLEDs with the main peak around 500 nm are found to be consistent with the photoluminescence spectra of the histidine‐doped MoS2 QDs. The enhanced intensity of EL spectra with the current increase shows the stability of histidine‐doped MoS2 based QD‐WLEDs. The typical EL spectrum of the novel QD‐WLEDs has a Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinate of (0.30, 0.36) exhibiting an intrinsic broadband white‐light emission. The unprecedented and low‐toxicity QD‐WLEDs based on a single light‐emitting material can serve as an excellent alternative for using transition metal dichalcogenides QDs as next generation optoelectronic devices.
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in Response to Frequency Changes with Varied Magnitude, Rate, and Direction
Authors: Vonck Bernard M.D. , Lammers Marc J.W. , van der Waals Marjolijn , van Zanten Gijsbert A. , Versnel Huib 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent literature on cortical auditory evoked potentials has focused on correlations with hearing performance with the aim to develop an objective clinical tool. However, cortical responses depend on the type of stimulus and choice of stimulus parameters. This study investigates cortical auditory evoked potentials to sound changes, so-called acoustic change complexes (ACC), and the effects of varying three stimulus parameters. In twelve normal-hearing subjects, ACC waveforms were evoked by presenting frequency changes with varying magnitude, rate, and direction. The N1 amplitude and latency were strongly affected by magnitude, which is known from the literature. Importantly, both of these N1 variables were also significantly affected by both rate and direction of the frequency change. Larger and earlier N1 peaks were evoked by increasing the magnitude and rate of the frequency change and with downward rather than upward direction of the frequency change. The P2 amplitude increased with magnitude and depended, to a lesser extent, on rate of the frequency change while direction had no effect on this peak. The N1–P2 interval was not affected by any of the stimulus parameters. In conclusion, the ACC is most strongly affected by magnitude and also substantially by rate and direction of the change. These stimulus dependencies should be considered in choosing stimuli for ACCs as objective clinical measure of hearing performance.
Genome mining for lasso peptides: past, present, and future
Authors: Cheung-Lee Wai Ling , Link A James 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Over the course of roughly a decade, the lasso peptide field has been transformed. Whereas new compounds were discovered infrequently via activity-driven approaches, now, the vast majority of lasso peptide discovery is driven by genome-mining approaches. This paper starts with a historical overview of the first genome-mining approaches for lasso peptide discovery, and then covers new tools that have emerged. Several examples of novel lasso peptides that have been discovered via genome mining are presented as are examples of new enzymes found associated with lasso peptide gene clusters. Finally, this paper concludes with future directions and unsolved challenges in lasso peptide genome mining.
Creativity and productivity in product design for additive manufacturing: Mechanisms and platform outcomes of remixing
Authors: Friesike Sascha , Flath Christoph M. , Wirth Marco , Thiesse Frédéric 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present study explores the phenomenon of remixing in product design for additive manufacturing (AM). In contrast to other manufacturing techniques, AM offers unprecedented flexibility in adapting existing product designs to changing requirements. However, in order to benefit from this potential, structured design procedures and tools are indispensable. As a possible solution, online platforms for collaborative 3D model creation are increasingly implementing features for remixing, a concept describing the creation of new models on the foundation of existing design elements. Against this backdrop, the objective of this research is to provide evidence for the value of remixing as an organizational intervention for improving product design processes. To this end, we present a mixed methods approach using data from Thingiverse, the world's largest AM‐related online community. In a first step, we investigate qualitative data from 81 individual remix‐based designs to identify the underlying mechanisms of remixing. We identify six such mechanisms that can further be grouped by the intended outcome of the respective process (creativity‐oriented: inspiration, play, learning;productivity‐oriented: speed, improvement, empowerment). In a second step, we turn to a quantitative analysis of platform data, which indicates that remixing may lead to better design process outcomes in terms of quantity and diversity of designs. Furthermore, we find that designs created by remixing designers are significantly more often printed by community members suggesting that remixing helps ensure manufacturing compatibility akin to continuous process improvement. Our research has several implications for individual designers and organizations engaging with product design for AM.
The Gaelic League and the spatial logics of Irish nationalism
Authors: Beatty Aidan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Gaelic League was founded in 1893 with the aim of reviving the Irish language, as well as promoting home-grown industries and social reform. By the turn of the century, it had become one of the most important cultural organisations in Ireland. This article studies a central element of the league's ideology and praxis, albeit one that has thus far received little attention: its promotion of a specifically nationalist understanding of Irish space. ‘Space’ was a key trope for the Gaelic League and was linked to a number of other dominant nationalist concerns: state sovereignty, race, gender and modernity. Moreover, this article argues that a focus on ‘space’ allows for a better comparative understanding of Irish nationalism, since similar spatial logics were at play in other late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century national movements both in Europe and in the (post)colonial world.
Testing Proficiency in Writing a Foreign Language
Authors: Lado Robert 
Published: June 2019

Discussions of the testing of proficiency to write a foreign language are usually limited to techniques; and without a rationale or set criteria of what is to be tested, the result is confusion. Partly as a consequence of the lack of a rationale we are faced with a dearth of techniques in use. Essentially we find only two: objective short answer tests, which are distrusted, and composition tests, which are frustrating because of problems of scoring and the time involved.Superficial clichés are freely applied to these two techniques. Judgments are made on outward appearances — face validity — without reference to linguistic content or to empirically tested validity. On the basis of appearance, objective tests are criticized because presumably (1) they do not force the student to think, (2) they do not require that the student organize and present information, (3) they are only recognition, multiple choice tests, (4) they are considered elementary in comparison with the business of writing a free composition in the foreign language.
Levels Analysis: J. R. Firth’s Theories of Linguistic Analysis
Authors: Bursill-Hall G. L. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper should be considered a sequel to the paper read at the meetings of the Canadian Linguistic Association at Kingston in June 1960 and to be published in the Proceedings of the Learned Societies of Canada; in the first paper, the linguistic theories of J. R. Firth (and which are summarised in section 1.0. 1.1, and 1.11 of this paper) were outlined, and in this article the procedures at the different levels (Firth himself has used the term “spectrum analysis”) of the analysis of a text are described and copiously illustrated from the works of Firth and his associates. These methods have been developed by Professor Firth and his colleagues in London on the lines of the linguistic theory promulgated by Professor Firth and adumbrated in the original paper. This article concludes with a detailed bibliography of the writings of Firth and his colleagues; reference is also made to the work of other scholars who have discussed Firth’s linguistic theories.
X.—The Feeding Mechanism of Some Atyid Prawns of the GenusCaridina
Authors: Fryer Geoffrey 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisThe mouthparts and associated structures and the feeding mechanism of two small atyid prawns,Caridina africanaandC. nilotica, are described in detail. Both species collect fine particles of food with the chelipeds, which for this purpose are armed with greatly modified spines and setæ, and transfer them rapidly to the mouthparts. Here the food is removed from the chelipeds by a grid-like arrangement of setse on the first maxillipeds and combed from these by the highly modified and teasel-like distal portions of the maxillæ which operate in conjunction with the first maxillipeds as a single functional unit. From these it is passed to the maxillules and thence to the mandibles.An attempt is made to reconstruct on a functional basis the route by which primitive malacostracans could reach the condition now found inCaridina, and the evolution of chelipeds is discussed.