bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative effects of vertebrate on invertebrate herbivores mediated by enhanced plant nitrogen content
Authors: Zhu Yu , Zhong Zhiwei , Pagès Jordi F. , Finke Deborah , Wang Deli , Ma Quanhui , Hassan Nazim , Zhu Hui , Wang Ling 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Classic theory holds that the main interaction within the herbivore guild is competition, based on research focused on co‐occurring, similarly sized species that reduce the quantity of shared plant resources. However, plant quality may also be crucial in mediating herbivore interspecific interactions. This is especially true when competition occurs between distantly related herbivore species, given that small terrestrial herbivores (e.g., insect herbivores) appear to be more sensitive to alterations of plant quality than plant quantity.

In this study, we first tested in the field whether large vertebrate herbivores (cattle Bos taurus) exerted a negative effect on smaller insect herbivores (grasshopper Euchorthippus unicolor) through their overlapping foraging preferences for a dominant grass Leymus chinensis. We measured changes in grass quantity, grass quality, and microclimatic conditions in response to vertebrate grazing and conducted additional manipulative studies in the field and the laboratory to identify potential mechanisms underlying the interaction.

Our results showed that grazing by large herbivores caused a significant decline in grasshopper population density and individual performance (survival, size, and weight of both female and male E. unicolor), despite a 38% increase in grass nitrogen (N) content in grazed plots. Experiments manipulating N levels of L. chinensis in the field and the laboratory confirmed that enriching plant N had a negative effect on grasshopper individual performance and population size. Therefore, enhanced quality (N content) of plant resources appears to be an important driver in mediating the negative effect of vertebrate grazing on grasshoppers.

Synthesis. We document that phylogenetic relatedness and trait similarity can be poor predictors of interaction strength in some cases, since distantly related herbivores of disparate size can interact indirectly via changes in plant quality. Counter‐intuitively, the observed negative effect of cattle on grasshoppers was mediated, at least in part, by an increase in plant quality in cattle grazed areas. The implication is that light to moderate grazing, a common management strategy, may contribute to suppression of grasshoppers in the Eurasian steppe grassland system by altering plant nutrient supplies.
Eating and drinking with an inflated tracheostomy cuff: a systematic review of the aspiration risk*
Authors: Goff Diane , Patterson Joanne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundSpeech and language therapists (SLT) lack consensus with regard to assessing the swallow function of a patient with a cuff‐inflated tracheostomy. In the UK, one‐third would not accept such a referral due to perceived negative effects on swallow safety. Patients may be spending longer hospitalized and fed enterally as a result.AimsTo establish the evidence base for aspiration risk in the adult population when eating/drinking with a cuff‐inflated tracheostomy.Methods & ProceduresSystematic searches of seven key electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists of full‐text articles were conducted until January 2017. Two researchers independently identified eligible studies according to inclusion criteria (studies written in English, reporting aspiration rates in adult humans with inflated cuff tracheostomies). Methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Owing to the heterogeneity of included studies in their design, population and measured outcomes, a narrative synthesis was employed.Outcomes & ResultsIn total, 454 titles, 168 abstracts and 37 full papers were retrieved with 10 studies included in the final review. Methodological flaws and risk of bias were identified in all studies. Meta‐analysis was not feasible. Narrative synthesis found no study identified a statistically significantly higher incidence of aspiration in cuff‐inflated patients.Conclusions & ImplicationsEvidence regarding aspiration risk is inconclusive. These results imply SLT services need to review policy to consider accepting referrals on a case‐by‐case basis, regardless of cuff status. Further research, though challenging to conduct, would inform best‐practice and policy/guideline development, allowing a consistent clinical approach.
Development of verb inflections among Bangla‐speaking children with language disorder
Authors: Sultana Asifa , Stokes Stephanie F. , Klee Thomas , Fletcher Paul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildren with language disorder across languages have problems with verb morphology. The nature of these problems varies according to the typology of the language. The language analyzed in this paper is the Standard Bangla spoken in Dhaka, Bangladesh, by more than 200 million people. It is an underexplored language with agglutinative features in its verb inflections. Some information on the acquisition of the language by typically developing children is available, but to date we have no information on the nature of ALD. As in many places in the developing world, the circumstances for research into language disorder are challenging, as there is no well‐ordered infrastructure for the identification of these children and approaches to intervention are not evidence based. This study represents the first attempt to characterize the nature of morphosyntactic limitations in standard Bangla‐speaking children with language disorder.AimsTo describe the performance of a group of children with language disorder on elicitation procedures for three Bangla verb inflections of increasing structural complexity—present simple, present progressive and past progressive—and to compare their abilities on these forms with those of a group of typically developing Bangla‐speaking children.Methods & ProceduresNine children with language disorder (mean age = 88.11 months) were recruited from a special school in Dhaka. Eight of the children also had a differentiating or co‐occurring condition. They responded to three tasks: a semi‐structured conversation to elicit present simple, and two picture‐based tasks to elicit present progressive and past progressive. Their performance was compared with data available from a large group of younger typically developing children.Outcomes and ResultsGroup data indicated a comparable trajectory of performance by the children with language disorder with the typically developing children (present simple > present progressive > past progressive), but with significantly lower mean scores. Standard deviations suggested considerable individual variation and individual profiles were constructed for each child, revealing varying patterns of ability, some of which did not accord with the typical developmental trajectory and/or substitution patterns.Conclusions & ImplicationsThis study identified verb morphology deficits in Bangla‐speaking children with language disorder who had asociated conditions. Variation in performance among the children suggests that individual profiles will be most effective in guiding intervention.
Efficacy of a self‐administered treatment using a smart tablet to improve functional vocabulary in post‐stroke aphasia: a case‐series study
Authors: Lavoie Monica , Bier Nathalie , Macoir Joël 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundAphasia is an acquired language disorder that occurs secondary to brain injury, such as stroke. It causes communication difficulties that have a significant impact on quality of life and social relationships. Although the efficacy of speech–language therapy has been clearly demonstrated in this population, long‐term services are currently limited due to logistical and financial constraints. In this context, the potential contribution of technology, such as smart tablets, is worth exploring, especially to improve vocabulary that is relevant in daily life.AimsThe main aim was to investigate the efficacy of a self‐administered treatment using a smart tablet to improve naming of functional words in post‐stroke anomia.Methods & ProceduresFour adults with post‐stroke aphasia took part in the study. An ABA design with multiple baselines was used to compare naming performances for four equivalent lists: (1) trained with functional words chosen with the participant; (2) trained with words randomly chosen from a picture database; (3) exposed but not trained; and (4) not exposed (control).Outcomes & ResultsFor all participants, the treatment self‐administered at home (four times/week for 4 weeks) resulted in a significant improvement for both sets of trained words that was maintained 2 months after the end of treatment. Moreover, in two participants, evidence of generalization to conversation was found.Conclusions & ImplicationsThis study confirms the efficacy of using smart tablets to improve naming in post‐stroke aphasia. Although more studies are needed, the use of new technologies is unquestionably a promising approach to improve communication skills in people with aphasia, especially by targeting vocabulary that is relevant to them in their daily lives.
Development of text messages targeting healthy eating for children in the context of parenting partnerships
Authors: Chai Li K. , May Chris , Collins Clare E. , Burrows Tracy L. 
Published: November 2018

AimThere has been an increase in the use of text messaging to deliver and support health interventions. The aim was to develop a bank of text messages targeting healthy eating for children in the context of parenting partnerships that could be used in a family intervention.MethodsText messages were developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Wheel COM‐B model by study investigators using a three‐phase approach: (i) initial development of a message bank; (ii) messages were reviewed and evaluated by experts and parents on their clarity, usefulness, and relevance using a 5‐point Likert scale and open text spaces for additional feedback and (iii) refinement of messages content and finalised the message bank.ResultsMessages were reviewed for ‘clarity’, ‘usefulness’ and ‘relevance’ by 20 parents and 28 health experts, who were predominantly female (92%), parents of primary school age children (33%), of low to middle socioeconomic status (78%), with a mean age of 39 years (SD ± 9.87). From an initial set of 97 messages developed, 48 messages were retained through consultation. Messages were designed to complement the intervention, while engaging both parents.ConclusionsThe three‐phase development created a set of text messages acceptable to experts and parents that aim to support improvement in child eating behaviours. The process provides a template and practical guide for researchers and health providers looking to apply a systematic approach to text messages development. Future research should investigate acceptability and impact of these messages as a component of family‐based nutrition intervention.
A taxonomic review of KoreanMocytaMulsant & Rey with description of a new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)
Authors: Lee Seung‐Gyu , Ahn Kee‐Jeong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA taxonomic review of the genusMocytaMulsant & Rey in Korea is presented. The genus is represented in Korea by three species includingMocyta janiLee & Ahn,sp. nov.andM. vivida(Sharp),comb. nov.A key to Korean species, descriptions, habitus photographs and illustrations of the diagnostic characters are provided.
SNP panel development for genetic management of wild and domesticated white bass (Morone chrysops)
Authors: Zhao H. , Fuller A. , Thongda W. , Mohammed H. , Abernathy J. , Beck B. , Peatman E. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryWhite bass (Morone chrysops), striped bass and their interspecific hybrid are important game fishes, whereas the hybrid striped bass is an important aquaculture species in the US. Numerous state, federal and private hatcheries, therefore, rear these species for stocking purposes as well as for food fish. Although striped bass populations (both wild and domesticated) have been extensively evaluated, relatively little effort has been directed toward the study and improvement of white bass. In this study, we developed SNP resources to examine the genetic relationships among a long‐term domesticated white bass line and five potential founder stocks for selective breeding collected from drainages in Arkansas, Texas and Alabama. Using genotyping‐by‐sequencing, we generated 13 872 genome‐wide SNP loci across the six populations. Stringent filtering of SNP‐calling parameters identified 426 informative SNP loci. Population genetic and structure analyses using these loci revealed only moderate genetic differentiation between populations (global Fst = 0.083) and indicated two major genetic clusters. A final 57‐SNP assay was successfully designed and validated using the MassARRAY system. The developed SNP panel assigned 96 additional genotyped individuals to their population of origin with 100% accuracy. The SNP resources developed in this study should facilitate ongoing efforts in selective breeding and conservation of white bass.
Spiritual reminiscence therapy for older people with loneliness, anxiety and depression living in a residential aged care facility, Malaysia: A qualitative approach
Authors: Syed Elias Sharifah Munirah , Petriwskyj Andrea , Scott Theresa , Neville Christine 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo explore how older people with loneliness, anxiety and depression experience a spiritual reminiscence therapy (SRT) program and to explore its acceptability within the Malaysian population.MethodsUnstructured observations and a focus‐group discussion were carried out with 18 participants involved in a six‐week SRT program in a residential care facility in Kuala Lumpur.ResultsAnalysis revealed four themes: (i) Enthusiastic participation; (ii) Connections across boundaries; (iii) Expressing and reflecting; and (iv) Successful use of triggers.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the process of reminiscence, on which the program was based, was enjoyable for the participants and created opportunities to form connections with other members of the group. The use of relevant triggers in the SRT program that related to Malaysian cultures, ethnicities and religions was helpful to engage the participants and was acceptable across the different religions and ethnicities.
Assessment of haemoglobin measurement by several methods – blood gas analyser, capillary and venous HemoCue®, non‐invasive spectrophotometry and laboratory assay – in term and preterm infants
Authors: Wittenmeier E. , Lesmeister L. , Pirlich N. , Dette F. , Schmidtmann I. , Mildenberger E. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryA laboratory haematology analyser is the gold standard for measuring haemoglobin concentration but has disadvantages, especially in neonates. This study compared alternative blood‐sparing and non‐invasive methods of haemoglobin concentration measurement with the gold standard. Haemoglobin concentrations were measured using a laboratory haematology analyser (reference method), blood gas analyser, HemoCue® using venous and capillary blood samples and a newly developed non‐invasive sensor for neonates < 3 kg. A total of 63 measurements were performed. Body weight (2190 (1820–2520 [967–4450]) g) and haemoglobin concentration (12.3 (10.6–15.2 [8.2–20.5]) g.dl−1) varied widely. Bias/limits of agreement between the alternative methods and reference method were −0.1/−1.2 to 1.0 g.dl−1 (blood gas analyser), −0.4/−1.8 to 1.1 g.dl−1 (HemoCue, venous blood), 0.7/−1.9 to 3.2 g.dl−1 (HemoCue, capillary blood) and −1.2/−4.3 to 2 g.dl−1 (non‐invasive haemoglobin measurement). Perfusion index, body weight and fetal haemoglobin concentration did not affect the accuracy of the alternative measurement methods, and these were successfully applied in term and preterm infants. However, the accuracies of non‐invasive haemoglobin measurement and HemoCue of capillary blood especially lacked sufficient agreement with that of the reference method to recommend these methods for clinical decision making.
Consistency and Balancing in Everyday Health Behaviour: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Approach
Authors: Dohle Simone , Hofmann Wilhelm 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundLittle is known about the sequential interplay of different health behaviours. Health behaviours may be connected in four different ways: a healthy behaviour may lead to a subsequent healthy or unhealthy behaviour (positive consistency and licensing, respectively), or an unhealthy behaviour may lead to a subsequent unhealthy or healthy behaviour (negative consistency and cleansing, respectively). In this study, these four possible types of sequential health behaviours were examined jointly in people's daily life.MethodsThe study used ecological momentary assessment. Participants (N = 235; 55% female; age 18–45) were randomly signalled five times daily on their smart phones for seven consecutive days. They reported both healthy and unhealthy behaviours that occurred within the past hour. Participants were also asked if the (healthy or unhealthy) behaviour was related to any previous healthy or unhealthy behaviour. In addition, they completed measures of life satisfaction, general health status, and compensatory health beliefs.ResultsPositive consistency predicted satisfaction with life, whereas negative consistency and cleansing negatively predicted general health status. Compensatory health beliefs were not related to actual cleansing or licensing behaviour.ConclusionsFostering positive consistency and discouraging cleansing behaviour should play a pivotal role in health promotion programmes.
Measuring species diversity in the tropics: a review of methodological approaches and framework for future studies
Authors: Moreno Claudia E. , Calderón‐Patrón Jaime M. , Martín‐Regalado Natalia , Martínez‐Falcón Ana P. , Ortega‐Martínez Ilse J. , Rios‐Díaz Cecilia L. , Rosas Fernando 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe analysis of species diversity has benefited from multiple methodological approaches that are changing not only the way we measure biodiversity, but also our general conceptualization of it. We review the concepts and methods for measuring species diversity, including a report on how species diversity has been measured in tropical ecosystems, and summarize current methodological approaches that can be used to achieve more comprehensive analyses of species diversity. We reviewed papers dealing with species diversity published in Biotropica over the last 28 yr. Most of the studies were carried out in the Neotropics. The most popular methods for reporting alpha diversity were species accumulation curves, rarefaction curves, and the Shannon–Wiener index, while beta diversity assessments mainly relied on the Sørensen, Jaccard or Bray–Curtis indices. We offer a general framework for comprehensive biodiversity assessments that includes the alpha and beta components, and taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic dimensions. We briefly describe the conceptual background, relevant methods, and examples of the components, and dimensions described in this framework. To improve our knowledge of tropical biodiversity and its regulatory processes, we encourage researchers to carry out more complete assessments, and to take advantage of the wide variety of methods available; methods that are perhaps especially useful in human‐disturbed and human‐managed landscapes.
Predictors and benefits of microhabitat selection for offspring deposition in golden rocket frogs
Authors: Pettitt Beth A. , Bourne Godfrey R. , Bee Mark A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn many tropical frogs, offspring development and survival potentially depend on microhabitat features associated with sites that parents select for oviposition and tadpole rearing. We investigated the importance of microhabitat features in the selection of oviposition sites versus tadpole rearing sites, as well as in determining offspring survival, in the golden rocket frog,Anomaloglossus beebei. Endemic to Guyana, this species exhibits biparental care and exclusively uses phytotelmata in bromeliads for oviposition and tadpole rearing. We used model‐based inference to evaluate evidence that parents prioritize different microhabitat features in selecting phytotelmata suitable for oviposition versus tadpole rearing and that microhabitat selection can adaptively promote offspring survival. For phytotelmata in 132 bromeliads, we quantified bromeliad size, phytotelm height, leaf angle (indicative of location within the bromeliad), water volume, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and the presence/absence of potential predators and nearby conspecifics. Compared to tadpole rearing sites, oviposition sites were found in phytotelmata associated with leaves at lower angles within bromeliads, smaller water volumes, lower water temperatures, higher dissolved oxygen concentrations, and more predatory crabs. Compared with unsuccessful egg clutches, successful clutches were found in phytotelmata with lower water temperatures, higher dissolved oxygen concentrations, fewer crabs, more dragonfly larvae, and more nearby conspecifics. We conclude that the nonrandom patterns of microhabitat use for oviposition sites and tadpole rearing sites in golden rocket frogs are associated with specific environmental factors that promote offspring survival through a critical stage of the animals’ complex life cycle.
Differences in nitrogen cycling between tropical dry forests with contrasting precipitation revealed by stable isotopes of nitrogen in plants and soils
Authors: Rivero‐Villar Anaitzi , Templer Pamela H. , Parra‐Tabla Víctor , Campo Julio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite the known links between climate and biogeochemical cycling of N in tropical forests, fundamental knowledge of N cycling is still far from complete. Our objective was to ascertain differences in the N cycle of two tropical dry forests under contrasting precipitation regime (1240 or 642 mm of mean annual rainfall). To do so, we examined a short‐term metric of N cycling (N concentration) and a more integrated metric of N cycling (natural abundance15N) in plants and soils at both sites. At both the relatively wet and dry sites, N cycling associated with two non‐N2‐fixing species was compared to N cycling associated with two potential N2‐fixing species; all four tree species considered were dominant at both sites. The15N abundance in plants was highest in the site with low rainfall, showing that N losses from the system may be large. By contrast, short‐term N metrics did not vary with rainfall. Although there was a trend for leaf N concentration to be elevated in trees that have potential associations with N2‐fixers, only15N in the forest floor was significantly greater under trees with high canopy N (N2‐fixing species) than those with low canopy N (non‐N2‐fixing species). Within each site, the influence of N2‐fixing species on N cycling increased with a reduction in rainfall. Overall, our results demonstrate the role of climate as a driver of N cycling in the region, such that the projected decrease in precipitation in this region may lead to larger N losses in these forests. This study also shows how changes in tree species with and without N2‐fixing associations may impact N cycling in tropical dryland forests in the future.