bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracontinental Mesozoic Composite Magmatism in Central North China Craton—A Tectonic Response to the Westward Subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate
Authors: Sun Junyi , Cui Jiawei , Wang Xiaolong , Wang Sushan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe influence, extent, intensity, and spatiotemporal evolution of the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate on West‐Central North China Craton during the middle‐late Mesozoic remains unknown. Detailed petrological investigations, systematic zircon U–Pb dating, whole‐rock geochemistry, and in situ zircon Lu‐Hf isotopic analysis were conducted on various lithologies of the composite pluton in the central part of the North China Craton. The composite pluton can be divided into four distinct periods: quartz‐porphyry (162 ± 1 Ma), porphyritic biotitic granite (152 ± 1 Ma), quartz diorite (142 ± 1 Ma), granite (136 ± 2 Ma). These rocks are belonged to high silica, potassium‐calcareous alkalinity, aluminium content and enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements such as Rb and K, and depleted in high‐field‐strength elements such as Nb and Ta. The εHf(t) values and the TDMC ages of the quartz‐porphyry, porphyritic biotitic granite indicated these igneous rocks originated from the lower crust to the mid‐lower crust which exhibit a lithospheric evolution process consistent with that of the North China Craton. The εHf(t) values of quartz diorite and granite indicate that the igneous rocks originated from the ancient lower crust with contributions of mantle‐derived material, and from a mixture of the ancient mid‐lower crust and the Late Palaeozoic younger lower crust. Considering the regional geological background, it is believed that this magmatism indicates a transition in the central North China Craton from compression to extension from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. This transition is associated with the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate, which began subducting under eastern Asia in the Early Jurassic and led to an extensional state in the Cretaceous due to the retreat of the Pacific subduction slab.
Connectivity, Pathology, and ApoE4 Interactions Predict Longitudinal Tau Spatial Progression and Memory
Authors: Ziontz Jacob , Harrison Theresa M. , Fonseca Corrina , Giorgio Joseph , Han Feng , Lee JiaQie , Jagust William J. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTau pathology spread into neocortex indicates a transition from healthy aging to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Connectivity between tau epicenters and later accumulating regions of cortex has been proposed as a mechanism of tau spread, but how this relationship changes with greater AD pathology burden or genotype is not understood. We investigated tau accumulation in two key regions, precuneus and inferior temporal cortex, using resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) and longitudinal PET imaging from a multicohort sample of cognitively unimpaired older adults. We examined how baseline tau PET, Aβ PET, and ApoE4 genotype status interact with rsFC between hippocampus and these downstream regions to predict rate of tau accumulation in neocortex. We found that the 3‐way interaction between connectivity, baseline tau, and baseline Aβ or ApoE4 status was associated with neocortical tau accumulation in precuneus and inferior temporal cortex. In addition, baseline tau, Aβ, and ApoE4 status also moderated the association between connectivity and rate of memory decline. Together, these results suggest that the extent and distribution of future tau accumulation may be predicted by the interaction of baseline connectivity, AD pathology, and genetic risk.
Negative Emotion Differentiation Promotes Cognitive Reappraisal: Evidence From Electroencephalogram Oscillations and Phase‐Amplitude Coupling
Authors: Wang Yali , Shangguan Chenyu , Li Sijin , Zhang Wenhai 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCognitive reappraisal, an effective emotion regulation strategy, is influenced by various individual factors. Although previous studies have established a link between negative emotion differentiation (NED) and cognitive reappraisal, the underlying neural mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using electroencephalography, this study investigates the influence and neural basis of NED in cognitive reappraisal by integrating aspects of event‐related potentials, neural oscillation rhythms, and cross‐frequency coupling. The findings revealed that individuals with high NED demonstrated a significant decrease in parietal late positive potential amplitudes during cognitive reappraisal, suggesting enhanced cognitive reappraisal abilities. Moreover, high NED individuals displayed increased γ synchronization, parietal α–γ coupling, and frontal θ–γ coupling when reappraising negative emotions than those with low emotion differentiation ability. Machine learning analysis of these neural indicators highlighted the superior classification and predictive accuracy of multimodal indicators for NED as opposed to unimodal indicators. Overall, this multimodal evidence provides a comprehensive interpretation of the neurophysiological mechanisms through which NED influences cognitive reappraisal and provides preliminary empirical support for personalized cognitive reappraisal interventions to alleviate emotional problems.
Long‐Term Potentiation: The Accidental Discovery
Authors: Lømo Terje 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLong‐term potentiation (LTP), is a type of synaptic plasticity now considered essential for learning and memory. Here I tell the story of how I accidentally discovered in 1966 in the laboratory of Per Andersen in Oslo, Norway, because I was not looking for it. It just emerged. I recount how I came to work with Per and why my result was not immediately followed up. Then, in 1968 Tim Bliss joined the lab and, on his urging, from 1968 to 1969 we did the experiments that resulted in Bliss and Lømo, 1973. I explain why I think the experiments later failed in Oslo, and for a few years also in Tim's lab in London, before it became a readily observable phenomenon. I also describe how Tony Gardner‐Medwin and I in 1971 failed to reproduce the results that Tim and I had obtained 2 years earlier in the same lab and the same type of anesthetized rabbit preparation. I tell how this failure caused me to leave the LTP field and, instead, continue exploring mechanisms of nerve–muscle interactions, which I had studied with much success during my postdoc period in London from 1969 to 1971. I reflect on Donald Hebb's influence on LTP studies and on my experience when after many years of neglect, I became interested in LTP and the hippocampus anew and started to write about it, though without doing lab experiments. Finally, I report briefly on the experiments I am doing now in retirement, studying how the nervous system regulates body temperature through varying amounts of muscle tone.
Scalable Preparation of Substituted 4‐Aminoquinolines: Advancements in Manufacturing Process Development
Authors: Basset Jean‐Francois , Marty Maurus , Walther Eric , Mosimann Hervé , Randall Harvey , Linder Simon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe report herein an unprecedented and scalable synthetic method for the production of specific aminoquinoline compounds with potential applications as sweetness‐enhancing agents. The first strategy involves the reaction of ortho‐aminobenzonitriles with β‐ketoesters in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of FeCl3. Alternatively, the second strategy focuses on an enamine synthesis using alkyl acetoacetate and aminobenzonitrile. The resulting enaminonitrile is then converted into aminoquinoline under basic conditions. This newly developed process yields the desired compounds with an overall yield above 45 % over five steps with high purity.
Top Management Team Connectedness and Greenwashing
Authors: Chen Jinyu , Yang Yan , Ding Qian , Xie Julan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the effect of top management team (TMT) connectedness on greenwashing from the lens of social network view. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms during 2015–2020, we find that TMT connectedness is positively related to greenwashing. This finding is robust based on a battery of empirical tests. Additionally, the internal governance curbs the association, while the role of market competition and environmental regulation is very limited. Our findings are also in accordance with social network theory, suggesting that well‐connected TMTs use their power and influence in the social hierarchy to take greenwashing behaviour and reap private benefits. Overall, we contribute to the literature by providing evidence that social connectedness is an important driver of greenwashing.
On Optimal Currency Areas: Common Shocks Versus Common Persistence of Shocks
Authors: Grimm Louisa , Steinkamp Sven , Westermann Frank 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Optimal Currency Area (OCA) literature has been focusing on the co‐movement of business cycle shocks as a key policy criterion. We document in a simple Barro–Gordon framework that, in addition to a high correlation of shocks, a common persistence of shocks is a relevant OCA criterion. The model provides a conceptual underpinning for empirical studies that have used the Serial Correlation Common Features (SCCF) test to evaluate common currency areas. We apply the SCCF test to a set of countries that could potentially introduce the Euro and find for the period from 1999 (Q1) to 2019 (Q3) only little evidence that the acceding countries share a common cyclical response pattern with the European Monetary Union (EMU) aggregate.
Enhancing Diagnostic Precision in Breast Cancer Classification Through EfficientNetB7 Using Advanced Image Augmentation and Interpretation Techniques
Authors: Mahesh T. R. , Khan Surbhi Bhatia , Mishra Kritika Kumari , Alzahrani Saeed , Alojail Mohammed 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe precise classification of breast ultrasound images into benign, malignant, and normal categories represents a critical challenge in medical diagnostics, exacerbated by subtle interclass variations and the variable quality of clinical imaging. State‐of‐the‐art approaches largely capitalize on the advanced capabilities of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), with significant emphasis on exploiting architectures like EfficientNet that are pre‐trained on extensive datasets. While these methods demonstrate potential, they frequently suffer from overfitting, reduced resilience to image distortions such as noise and artifacts, and the presence of pronounced class imbalances in training data. To address these issues, this study introduces an optimized framework using the EfficientNetB7 architecture, enhanced by a targeted augmentation strategy. This strategy employs aggressive random rotations, color jittering, and horizontal flipping to specifically bolster the representation of minority classes, thereby improving model robustness and generalizability. Additionally, this approach integrates an adaptive learning rate scheduler and implements strategic early stopping to refine the training process and prevent overfitting. This optimized model demonstrates a substantial improvement in diagnostic accuracy, achieving a 98.29% accuracy rate on a meticulously assembled test dataset. This performance significantly surpasses existing benchmarks in the field, highlighting the model's enhanced ability to navigate the intricacies of breast ultrasound image analysis. The high diagnostic accuracy of this model positions it as an invaluable tool in the early detection and informed management of breast cancer, potentially transforming current paradigms in oncological care.
Parental mentalization across cultures: Mind‐mindedness and parental reflective functioning in British and South Korean mothers
Authors: Lee Yujin , Meins Elizabeth , Larkin Fionnuala 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDifferences in mind‐mindedness and parental reflective functioning (PRF) were investigated in mothers and their 6‐month‐old infants from South Korea (N = 66, 32 girls) and the United Kingdom (N = 63, 26 girls). Mind‐mindedness was assessed in terms of appropriate and non‐attuned mind‐related comments during infant–mother interaction; PRF was assessed using a questionnaire. British mothers commented more on infant desires and preferences, whereas Korean mothers commented more on cognitions and emotions, but there were no cultural differences in overall levels of mind‐mindedness. For PRF, Korean mothers reported more certainty about their infants’ mental states compared with their British counterparts, but there were no cultural differences in mothers’ reported interest in their infants’ mental states. Greater reported certainty about infants’ mental states was positively related to self‐reported parenting quality in both cultural groups, but this association was not seen for parenting quality as assessed observationally. Mind‐mindedness and PRF were unrelated in both Korean and British mothers. Results are discussed in terms of the Korean concept of mother–infant oneness and the multi‐dimensional nature of parental mentalization.
“Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics Caused Hepatotoxicity in Mice Can be Prevented by Betaine: Molecular and Immunohistochemical Insights”
Authors: Kamel Nehal A. , Bashir Dina W. , EL‐Leithy Ebtihal M. M. , Tohamy Adel F. , Rashad Maha M. , Ali Ghada E. , El‐Saba Abdel Aleem A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPolyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics (PET‐NPs) are one of the most frequently distributed nanoplastics in daily life. Betaine is thought to be a promising hepatoprotective agent. The current investigation focused on whether orally administered PET‐NPs caused hepatotoxicity and ameliorative effect of betaine. Forty adult male Swiss albino mice were randomly split into four groups: group I control, group II betaine (1000 mg/kg I/P), group III PET‐NPs (200 mg/kg orally), and group IV betaine plus PET‐NPs at doses similar to group II& III respectively. After 30 days, blood sample were collected then animals were euthanized and liver specimens were dissected out for biochemical and histopathological examination. PET‐NPs induced a significant elevation in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as an increase in the inflammatory genes a proto‐oncogene (c‐FOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) (p ≤ 0.05), with a substantial decrease in glutathione (GSH) (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, on the level of histopathological analysis PET‐NPs caused alterations in hepatic tissue architecture as vascular dilatation and congestion with hepatocytes degeneration, bile duct epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltrations While on the level of immunohistochemistry, PET‐NPs trigger positive tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐ҠB) expression in comparison to control. Meanwhile, betaine treatment reduced the deleterious effects of PET‐NPs. To summarize, PET‐NPs may cause hepatotoxicity in mice, with a belief that betaine could mitigate the detrimental impact.
Evaluating sorbents for reducing per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substance mobility in biosolids‐amended soil columns
Authors: Openiyi Elijah O. , Lee Linda S. , Alukkal Caroline R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSustainable reuse of biosolids as fertilizers is being threatened by the presence of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in our waste stream warranting research on strategies that will minimize PFAS mobility from land‐applied biosolids. Here, we evaluated the ability of waste‐derived sorbents aluminum chlorohydrate water treatment residuals (ACH‐WTRs, 1 wt%) and biosolids‐based biochar (1.5 wt%) to reduce mobility of PFAS in columns with 3 wt% biosolids‐amended soils with and without sorbent layered on top of soil only and operated under transient unsaturated conditions. Cycles of simulated rain events of approximately three pore volumes distributed over a 4‐day period followed by 3 days of drying were imposed for 6 months. Total PFAS concentrations in collected leachates were lower in the sorbent‐treated columns compared to the control columns. Biochar outperformed the ACH‐WTR with 41% versus 32% lower total PFAS in leachate, respectively, compared to the control. The most significant mitigation effect was observed with PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) with 68% and 62% less PFOS in the leachates from the columns treated with ACH‐WTR or biochar compared to the control, respectively. These results provide a first‐of‐its‐kind assessment of the potential benefit of co‐applying WTRs or biochar with biosolids to reduce PFAS mobility in biosolids‐amended soils.
Hypergraph Anti‐Ramsey Theorems
Authors: Liu Xizhi , Song Jialei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe anti‐Ramsey number of an ‐graph is the minimum number of colors needed to color the complete ‐vertex ‐graph to ensure the existence of a rainbow copy of . We establish a removal‐type result for the anti‐Ramsey problem of when is the expansion of a hypergraph with a smaller uniformity. We present two applications of this result. First, we refine the general bound proved by Erdős–Simonovits–Sós, where denotes the family of ‐graphs obtained from by removing one edge. Second, we determine the exact value of for large in cases where is the expansion of a specific class of graphs. This extends results of Erdős–Simonovits–Sós on complete graphs to the realm of hypergraphs.
The heterogeneity among people re‐engaging in antiretroviral therapy highlights the need for a differentiated approach: results from a cross‐sectional study in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Mutyambizi Chipo , Rees Kate , Grimsrud Anna , Ndou Rendani , Wilkinson Lynne S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionDisengagement and re‐engagement with antiretroviral therapy (ART) are common in South Africa, but routine monitoring is insufficient to inform policy development. To address this gap, Anova implemented the 2020 National Adherence Guidelines’ re‐engagement standard operating procedure (re‐engagement SOP) and collected additional data to describe the characteristics of re‐engagement visits to inform HIV programmes.MethodsBetween July and December 2022, we conducted a study at nine primary healthcare facilities in Johannesburg. Staff were trained on the re‐engagement SOP and provided with job aides to support implementation. Administration clerks categorized visits based on the time elapsed since the missed appointment: ≤14days and >14 days, with the latter identified as re‐engaging. For these clients, clinicians filled out “re‐engagement clinical assessment forms” that included visit dates, both clinician‐assessed and self‐reported treatment interruptions, and clinical details. Data on missed appointments and previous viral loads were extracted from medical records. The information was entered into REDCap. We present data from three out of the nine facilities, selected for their comprehensive data collection and high coverage of all re‐engaging clients.ResultsA total of 2342 clients returned following a missed scheduled appointment. The majority, 1523 (65%), missed their appointments by ≤ 14 days, while 819 (35%) were >14 days late (re‐engaging). Among those re‐engaging, 635 (78%) re‐engagement clinical assessment forms were completed. A missed appointment date was available for 623 with 25% (n = 161) returning 2–4 weeks late, 47% (n = 298) 4–12 weeks and 26% (n = 164) >12 weeks late. Self‐reported ART interruption, available for 89% (567/635), indicated the majority (54%, n = 304) experienced no interruption. Clinical concerns were identified in 65 (10%) cases. A majority (79%, 504/635) had prior viral load results, with 73% (370/504) below 50 copies/ml.ConclusionsClients frequently return to care shortly after missed appointments. Despite missing scheduled ART refill dates, many report not interrupting treatment, either having treatment on hand or sourcing ART elsewhere. Most re‐engaging clients were adherent prior to disengagement, and clinical concerns are rare. A differentiated service delivery approach, prioritizing flexibility and reduced healthcare burden, is required to support client's needs and preferences at re‐engagement.
Comparative Morphology of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Leg Musculature in Dictyoptera (Insecta: Blattodea, Mantodea)
Authors: Bäumler Fabian , Gorb Stanislav N. , Büsse Sebastian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTInsect legs, as primarily locomotory devices, can show a tremendous variety of morphological modifications providing a multitude of usages. The prehensile raptorial forelegs of praying mantises (Mantodea) are a prominent example of true multifunctionality since they are used for walking while being efficient prey‐capturing and grasping devices. Although being mostly generalist arthropod predators, various morphological adaptations due to different environmental conditions occur across Mantodea. Recently, the general mantodean morphology, and particularly their raptorial forelegs, received an increased interest. Yet, knowledge about the evolutionary transition from walking to prey‐grasping legs is still scarce. From evolutionary and functional perspectives, the question arises: what changes were necessary to achieve the strongly modified raptorial forelegs—while keeping walking ability—and how does the foreleg morphology differ from the remaining four walking legs? In this context, we investigated the musculature of the raptorial forelegs in seven phylogenetically distant mantodeans, including pterothoracic legs in four of them, using high‐resolution microcomputed tomography and dissection. To understand the results from an evolutionary perspective, we additionally examined all three pairs of unmodified walking legs of the closest sister group—Blattodea. We updated the knowledge of blattodean morphology, revealing differences in cuticle structures of the coxal articulation of the first pair of legs between the two orders and a shared musculature set‐up in all pairs of legs among later‐branching mantodeans. Interestingly, the early branching species Metallyticus splendidus and Chaeteessa sp. show several muscular characteristics, otherwise found exclusively in one or the other order, with a few procoxal muscles showing an intermediate state between the two orders. Studying the evolutionary transition from a walking leg to a raptorial leg will help to understand the character evolution of this highly specialized biomechanical system from a purely locomotory appendage to a multi‐functional device with all related amenities and constraints.
The Authentic Learning of Humans Is a Creative Process and Very Different from the Artificially Creative Output of AI
Authors: Runco Mark A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article examines theories which suggest that authentic learning requires creativity. The connection between creativity and learning has been recognized for quite some time. Several of the theories examined herein are decades old. The older theories include Piaget's and Dewey's, and less obviously the humanistic theory of self‐actualization. It is quite useful to take these perspectives, though older, into account. The idea of authentic learning has evolved, however, as is evidenced by newer theories. One of these is the theory of personal creativity. This theory is interpreted in the context of the previous perspectives on learning and creativity. Newer evidence from the neurosciences is also cited because it confirms that learning is more than memory and that the brain uses special operations when original ideas are constructed. Implications of the idea that creativity and learning are related are explored. These include suggestions for educators and the classroom. Several surprising implications for our understanding of AI are also explored. Most important is probably the conclusion that an appreciation of what exactly makes up authentic learning goes a long way towards distinguishing the artificial creativity of AI from the creativity of humans. It is the latter which should guide educational decisions.