bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric dispersal is a critical element of concordance between biophysical dispersal models and spatial genetic structure in Great Barrier Reef corals
Authors: Riginos Cynthia , Hock Karlo , Matias Ambrocio M. , Mumby Peter J. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. , Lukoschek Vimoksalehi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimWidespread coral bleaching, crown‐of‐thorns seastar outbreaks, and tropical storms all threaten foundational coral species of the Great Barrier Reef, with impacts differing over time and space. Yet, dispersal via larval propagules could aid reef recovery by supplying new settlers and enabling the spread of adaptive variation among regions. Documenting and predicting spatial connections arising from planktonic larval dispersal in marine species, however, remains a formidable challenge.LocationThe Great Barrier Reef, Australia.MethodsContemporary biophysical larval dispersal models were used to predict long‐distance multigenerational connections for two common and foundational coral species (Acropora tenuis and Acropora millepora). Spatially extensive genetic surveys allowed us to infer signatures of asymmetric dispersal for these species and evaluate concordance against expectations from biophysical models using coalescent genetic simulations, directions of inferred gene flow, and spatial eigenvector modelling.ResultsAt long distances, biophysical models predicted a preponderance of north–south connections and genetic results matched these expectations: coalescent genetic simulations rejected an alternative scenario of historical isolation; the strongest signals of inferred gene flow were from north–south; and asymmetric eigenvectors derived from north–south connections in the biophysical models were significantly better predictors of spatial genetic patterns than eigenvectors derived from symmetric null spatial models.Main conclusionsResults are consistent with biophysical dispersal models yielding approximate summaries of past multigenerational gene flow conditioned upon directionality of connections. For A. tenuis and A. millepora, northern and central reefs have been important sources to downstream southern reefs over the recent evolutionary past and should continue to provide southward gene flow. Endemic genetic diversity of southern reefs suggests substantial local recruitment and lack of long‐distance gene flow from south to north.
Women's views on screening for Type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: a systematic review, qualitative synthesis and recommendations for increasing uptake
Authors: Dennison R. A. , Fox R. A. , Ward R. J. , Griffin S. J. , Usher‐Smith J. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimMany women do not attend recommended glucose testing following a pregnancy affected by gestational diabetes (GDM). We aimed to synthesize the literature regarding the views and experiences of women with a history of GDM on postpartum glucose testing, focusing on barriers and facilitators to attendance.MethodsWe systematically identified qualitative studies that examine women's experiences following GDM relating to glucose testing (diabetes screening) or experience of interventions to promote uptake of testing. We conducted a thematic synthesis to develop descriptive and then analytical themes, then developed recommendations to increase uptake based on the findings. We evaluated the quality of each study and the confidence that we had in the recommendations using published checklists.ResultsWe included 16 articles after screening 23 160 citations and 129 full texts. We identified four themes of influences relating to the healthcare system and personal factors that affected both ability and motivation to attend: relationship with health care, logistics of appointments and tests, family‐related practicalities and concern about diabetes. We developed 10 recommendations addressing diabetes risk information and education, and changes to healthcare systems to promote increased attendance at screening in this population, most with high or moderate confidence.ConclusionsWe have identified a need to improve women's understanding about Type 2 diabetes and GDM, and to adjust healthcare provision during and after pregnancy to decrease barriers and increase motivation for testing. Encouraging higher uptake by incorporating these recommendations into practice will enable earlier management of diabetes and improve long‐term outcomes.
Life‐history traits of the Whiting polyploid line of the parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis
Authors: Leung Kelley , van de Zande Louis , Beukeboom Leo W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn hymenopterans, males are normally haploid (1n) and females diploid (2n), but individuals with divergent ploidy levels are frequently found. In species with ‘complementary sex determination’ (CSD), increasing numbers of diploid males that are often infertile or unviable arise from inbreeding, presenting a major impediment to biocontrol breeding. Non‐CSD species, which are common in some parasitoid wasp taxa, do not produce polyploids through inbreeding. Nevertheless, polyploidy also occurs in non‐CSD Hymenoptera. As a first survey on the impacts of inbreeding and polyploidy of non‐CSD species, we investigate life‐history traits of a long‐term laboratory line of the parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) (‘Whiting polyploid line’) in which polyploids of both sexes (diploid males, triploid females) are viable and fertile. Diploid males produce diploid sperm and virgin triploid females produce haploid and diploid eggs. We found that diploid males did not differ from haploid males with respect to body size, progeny size, mate competition, or lifespan. When diploid males were mated to many females (without accounting for mating order), the females produced a relatively high proportion of male offspring, possibly indicating that these males produce less sperm and/or have reduced sperm functionality. In triploid females, parasitization rate and fecundity were reduced and body size was slightly increased, but there was no effect on lifespan. After one generation of outbreeding, lifespan as well as parasitization rate were increased, and a body size difference was no longer apparent. This suggests that outbreeding has an effect on traits observed in an inbred polyploidy background. Overall, these results indicate some phenotypic detriments of non‐CSD polyploids that must be taken into account in breeding.
Variation in susceptibility and selection for resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in Mediterranean populations of Orius laevigatus
Authors: Balanza Virginia , Mendoza Jose Enrique , Bielza Pablo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractImidacloprid and thiamethoxam are neonicotinoids that have been tested in several Orius species, including Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), but not the variability in their effect among Orius populations of a single species. In this study, the variation in susceptibility to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in 30 Mediterranean wild populations and four commercial populations of O. laevigatus was investigated in the laboratory using a standard dip bioassay method. Lethal concentration values (LC50) and the mortality of adults at the maximum field rate (MFR) were calculated. The range of LC50 of thiamethoxam was from 0.7 to 5.9 mg l−1, an 8.4‐fold variability, obtaining mortality at MFR (100 mg l−1) of >89.1% in all populations. The baseline obtained a value of 2.1 mg l−1, which is very low compared to the MFR. For imidacloprid, the LC50 varied from 7.7 to 94.7 mg l−1 (12.3‐fold variability). Mortalities at the MFR (150 mg l−1) were 57.7–99.2%, that is, more variable than for thiamethoxam. The LC50 value of the baseline was 48.7 mg l−1, also low compared to the MFR. This variation was exploited to select two populations resistant to thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, respectively. Artificial selection for on average 40 cycles significantly increased the resistance to thiamethoxam (LC50 = 149.1 mg l−1) and imidacloprid (LC50 = 309.9 mg l−1). Mortalities at the MFR in the thiamethoxam‐ and imidacloprid‐resistant populations were 44.5 and 36.9%, respectively. These results demonstrate that resistance can be enhanced in biocontrol agents by artificial selection under laboratory conditions, starting with populations showing no or very low tolerance. Our neonicotinoid‐resistant populations might enhance the wider adoption of biological control by allowing punctual or hotspot applications of neonicotinoids to control several main and secondary pests.
Climate change‐driven body size shrinking in a social wasp
Authors: Polidori Carlo , Gutiérrez‐Cánovas Cayetano , Sánchez Enrique , Tormos José , Castro Leopoldo , Sánchez‐Fernández David 
Published: July 2019

1. Climate change is expected to produce shifts in species distributions as well as behavioural, life‐history, and/or morphological adaptations to find suitable conditions or cope with the altered environment. Most of our knowledge on this issue comes from studies on vertebrates, mainly endotherm species. However, it remains uncertain how small ectotherms, such as insects, respond to increased temperature.2. This study tested whether climate change over the last 100 years (1904–2013) has affected morphological and functional traits in workers of the social wasp Dolichovespula sylvestris in the Iberian Peninsula.3. Head width and forewing length, as well as body mass and wing area (assuming no change in shape), decreased over time and with increased mean annual temperature, even when controlling for geographical location and altitude. Interestingly, wing size decreased with a steeper slope compared with body size. If there is no change in wing shape, this would lead to an invariable wing loading (body mass:wing area ratio) over time, with potential consequences on flying ability of more recent (and thus smaller) wasp individuals.4. These results suggest that recent climate change is leaving morphological signatures in social wasps, increasing the evidence for this phenomenon in insects. The data furthermore suggest that the known efficient thermoregulatory ability of social insect colonies may not successfully buffer the effect of global warming.
The influence of gender composition in a field of study on students' drop‐out of higher education
Authors: Meyer Jasmin , Strauß Susanne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCombining Tinto's classical model of student drop‐out with Kanter's assessment of minorities, this article examines the influence of gender composition in a field of study on drop‐out from higher education. Our empirical analysis is based on a sample of students who left German higher education in 2014. Our results confirm previous findings that women in gender‐atypical subjects show a higher drop‐out risk than their male fellow students. We assess several mechanisms which could contribute to explain this effect. Contrary to our expectations, social integration, in the sense of contact with lecturers, seems to be a protective factor for women and men in gender‐atypical subjects. For women in gender‐atypical fields of study, contact with peers is an additional protective factor against drop‐out. The most important mechanism to explain higher education drop‐out is women's more negative self‐assessment of their suitability for male‐dominated subjects.
Isotopic niche is not equal to trophic niche
Authors: Hette‐Tronquart Nicolas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe work of Sheppard et al. (Ecol. Lett., 21, 2018, 1395) relies on the strong assumption that isotopic niche is equal to trophic niche. Here I raise three main concerns showing that classic hypotheses built upon trophic niche cannot be directly interpreted in isotopic space. Future studies should always keep isotopic and trophic niches distinct.
The difficulty of diagnosing NCSE in clinical practice; external validation of the Salzburg criteria
Authors: Goselink Rianne J. M. , van Dillen Jeroen J. , Aerts Marjolein , Arends Johan , van Asch Charlotte , van der Linden Inge , Pasman Jaco , Saris Christiaan G. J. , Zwarts Machiel , van Alfen Nens 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo improve the diagnostic accuracy of electroencephalography (EEG) criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), external validation of the recently proposed Salzburg criteria is paramount. We performed an external, retrospective, diagnostic accuracy study of the Salzburg criteria, using EEG recordings from patients with and without a clinical suspicion of having NCSE. Of the 191 EEG recordings, 12 (12%) was classified as an NCSE according to the reference standard. In the validation cohort, sensitivity was 67% and specificity was 89%. The positive predictive value was 47% and the negative predictive value was 95%. Ten patients in the control group (n = 93) were false positive, resulting in a specificity of 89.2%. The interrater agreement between the reference standards and between the scorers of the Salzburg criteria was moderate; disagreement occurred mainly in patients with an epileptic encephalopathy. The Salzburg criteria showed a lower diagnostic accuracy in our external validation study than in the original design, suggesting that they cannot replace the current practice of careful weighing of both clinical and EEG information on an individual basis.
No impact of a presumed manipulative parasite on the responses and susceptibility of fish to simulated predation
Authors: Ruehle Brandon , Poulin Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractParasites manipulating their host to facilitate trophic transmission is a widespread and diverse phenomenon. Trematode eye‐flukes in the family Diplostomidae infect a variety of fish species as metacercariae, many residing in the eyes. A recently described diplostomid,Tylodelphys darbyi, from the South Island of New Zealand has been found to infect common bullyGobiomorphus cotidianus, an endemic freshwater fish. Within the fish, the metacercariae move about freely in the liquid parts of the eye and are quite large. We hypothesized that increasing intensity ofT. darbyiinfection will result in increasing visual impairment, thus reducing the ability ofG. cotidianusto identify and react to a predatory threat. To test this hypothesis, we performed experiments to (a) examine the fish's reaction to a purely visual predator cue and (b) test their ability to avoid simulated predation under natural levels of infection. Among the 64 fish used in our experiments,T. darbyihad a prevalence of 98.7% with an average of 17.6 worms per fish. However, there was no relationship betweenT. darbyiintensity and either the fish's reaction to a visual predator stimulus or their ability to escape a simulated predator. Our findings indicate that despite being present in large numbers in the eyes of its fish host, the parasite appears incapable of improving its chances of trophic transmission to its avian definitive host. The results also suggest that the fishG. cotidianuscould be using other senses (e.g., olfaction and lateral line) to compensate for visual impairment, and detect and respond to predators.
Cities, transport and agglomeration: Addressing the urban mobility challenges in India
Authors: Mishra Alok Kumar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCities are the drivers of economic growth and structural transformation in developing countries. Transport makes or mars a city. It connects people to opportunity and business to prosperity. Urban transport acts as a catalyst of growth through direct, indirect and induced effects, including those linked to agglomeration and networking externalities. Yet policy makers and planners in developing countries like India continue to neglect the economics of urban public transport. Hardly has there been any attempt to study relationships between city externalities, spatial planning, public transport infrastructure, economic growth and value capture financing. This paper delves into these aspects and presents lessons from theory for the strategies of development and financing of urban public transport in India. It is focused on the implications of urban externalities for transit‐oriented development, transport land use integration, strategic densification of growth nodes and public transport financing based on a value creation, capture and recycling paradigm.
Persistence rate of cervical human papillomavirus infections and abnormal cytology in Rwanda
Authors: Mukanyangezi MF , Rugwizangoga B , Manzi O , Rulisa S , Hellstrand K , Tobin G , Martner A , Bienvenu E , Giglio D 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesIn this study, we determined the incidence and persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) strains and of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) or worse cytology in 237 HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative Rwandan women and whether the interleukin (IL)‐28B single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at rs12979860 correlated with susceptibility to and persistence of HPV infection.MethodsCervical samples were collected at baseline and after 9, 18 and 24 months for a 40‐HPV DNA screening test and a ThinPrep Pap test. Genotyping of the IL‐28B SNP rs12979860 was performed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsChronic high‐risk (HR) HPV infections occurred in 56% of HIV‐positive women, while no HIV‐negative women developed HPV chronicity. High‐grade SIL (HSIL) or cancer was diagnosed in 38% of HIV‐positive women with persistent HR‐HPV infections. HIV and HR‐HPV positivity at baseline were factors associated with an increased risk of HPV persistence. Additionally, HR‐HPV positivity at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing HSIL or worse cytology. The unfavourable T/x genotype at rs12979860 is common among Africans, and women with this genotype were found to be more commonly infected with HPV.ConclusionsHPV screening in Rwanda may help to identify women at risk of developing cervical cancer and polymorphism in IL‐28B may be associated with risk of contracting HPV infection.
Engineering optimisation of commercial facemask formulations capable of improving skin moisturisation
Authors: Mehta P. , Picken H. , White C. , Howarth K. , Langridge K. , Nazari K. , Taylor P. , Qutachi O. , Chang M.‐w. , Ahmad Z. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe stratum corneum is the biggest obstacle in cosmetics with respect to skin moisturisation. Many approaches have been taken to overcome the barrier, one of which is incorporating natural cosmeceuticals into cosmetic products to enhance moisturisation effects. Here, a commercial facemask formulation was electrospun to develop dry facemasks capable of hosting cosmeceuticals within the pores of incorporated mesoporous silica.MethodsEthanolic solutions containing 40% w/w of the marketed facemask (7th Heaven Dead Sea peel‐off facemask) and mesoporous silica were prepared and electrically processed at 30 μL min−1 at an applied voltage of 12 ± 2 kV. In vitro characterisation and release studies using fluorescein dye as a model probe were carried out.ResultsSEM images confirmed the fibrous nature of the resulting matrix; showing an average fiber diameter of 298.32 nm. The electrospun mask was found to be advantageous due to this fibrous nature providing high active loading capacity whilst demonstrating 100% probe release within 60 min. Contact Angle hysteresis, thermal analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) presented evidence of compatibility and stability of and within the formulation.ConclusionAdapting the formulation of a commercial polymeric facemask into an electrospun facemask has shown the versatility of the electrospinning process; now successfully crossing over into the cosmetic industry.
Salting‐out assisted liquid–liquid extraction with dansyl chloride for the determination of biogenic amines in food
Authors: Francisco Karen C. A. , Brandão Pedro F. , Ramos Rui Miguel , Gonçalves Luís Moreira , Cardoso Arnaldo A. , Rodrigues José António 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBiogenic amines (BAs) are compounds present in foodstuff of animal origin that not only can be harmful to the consumer but can also serve as indicators of the product's edibility status. However, BAs’ analysis is rather complicated. Derivatisation methods have been employed to make their analysis less challenging. Salting‐out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) was herein applied to decrease time that the derivatising agent dansyl chloride (DNS‐Cl) requires to be effective. DNS‐Cl derivates were separated and analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV and fluorescence detection (HPLC‐UV/FD). It was by this way possible to analyse methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, β‐phenylethylamine, isopentylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine and spermine in a straightforward manner in several fish‐based and meat‐based samples, obtaining results in the order of magnitude of about a few mg per kg. All calibrations curves had r2 higher than 0.99, and limits of detection ranged from 0.0075 to 1.6 mg L−1.
Texture profile of fermented rice extracts with probiotic strains and different contents of waxy maize starch, and sensory acceptance of flavoured selected extract
Authors: Kiss Firmino Dourado Costa Kássia , Resende Oliveira Érica , Chaves Ribeiro Alline Emannuele , Ribeiro Oliveira Aryane , Lázara Ribeiro Rodrigues de Barros Vinhal Gabrielle , Ferreira de Oliveira Tatianne , Caliari Márcio , Soares Júnior Manoel Soares 
Published: July 2019

SummaryRice is a staple food for a great part of the world’s population, and its processing generates a great volume of low value by‐products, such as bran and broken grains. This work aimed to elaborate fermented rice by‐products extracts with probiotic strains and with different waxy maize starch (WMS) contents (0%, 4%, 8%, 12% and 16% w/w), in order to select one with texture profile similar to Greek‐style yogurt, and to characterise the chemical composition and sensory acceptance of the selected extract added with artificial strawberry aroma and fresh strawberry syrup. The texture profile of the extract changed with WMS content and the 4% WMS fermented rice by‐products extract was the most similar to Greek‐style yogurt. The flavoured fermented rice by‐products with WMS product presented 72.67% moisture, 2.55% protein, 0.2% lipid, 0.8% ash (340 mg 100 g−1 of potassium), 27.4 µmol Trolox g−1 and 134.74 mg GAE 100 g−1 of phenolic compounds. The flavoured fermented rice by‐products extract did not show microbiological risk and presented probiotic characteristic. Regarding the sensory analysis, it was observed that the aroma stood out among the other attributes, obtaining the highest score and acceptance index, while colour, flavour and texture scored ‘liked regularly to moderately’. The flavoured fermented rice by‐products extract is an innovative product and feasible regarding the technological, physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics, having great potential to be inserted into the market.