bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and genetic insights into progressive cardiac conduction disease
Authors: Asatryan Babken , Medeiros-Domingo Argelia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProgressive cardiac conduction disease (PCCD) is often a primarily genetic disorder, with clinical and genetic overlaps with other inherited cardiac and metabolic diseases. A number of genes have been implicated in PCCD pathogenesis with or without structural heart disease or systemic manifestations. Precise genetic diagnosis contributes to risk stratification, better selection of specific therapy and allows familiar cascade screening. Cardiologists should be aware of the different phenotypes emerging from different gene-mutations and the potential risk of sudden cardiac death. Genetic forms of PCCD often overlap or coexist with other inherited heart diseases or manifest in the context of multisystem syndromes. Despite the significant advances in the knowledge of the genetic architecture of PCCD and overlapping diseases, in a measurable fraction of PCCD cases, including in familial clustering of disease, investigations of known cardiac disease-associated genes fail to reveal the underlying substrate, suggesting that new causal genes are yet to be discovered. Here, we provide insight into genetics and molecular mechanisms of PCCD and related diseases. We also highlight the phenotypic overlaps of PCCD with other inherited cardiac and metabolic diseases, present unmet challenges in clinical practice, and summarize the available therapeutic options for affected patients.
Effects of Childhood-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease on School Performance: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study Using Swedish Health and Educational Registers
Authors: Malmborg Petter , Mouratidou Natalia , Sachs Michael C , Hammar Ulf , Khalili Hamed , Neovius Martin , Hjern Anders , Smedby Karin E , Ekbom Anders , Askling Johan , Ludvigsson Jonas F , Olén Ola 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) might negatively impact academic school performance. We conducted a nationwide study to examine the association between childhood-onset IBD and school results.MethodsOur study population was selected from Swedish health registers. In the National Patient Register (1990 to 2013), we identified 2827 children with IBD: Crohn’s disease (CD), n = 1207, and ulcerative colitis (UC), n = 1370. Patients were matched with 10 reference individuals by age, sex, birth year, and place of residence (n = 28,235). Final compulsory school grades (0 to 320 grade points) and qualification for high school (yes or no) were obtained through the National School Register. Regression models controlling for socioeconomic factors were used to analyze the association of IBD with school performance.ResultsChildren with IBD had a lower final grade point average (adjusted mean grade difference [AMGD] −4.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] −7.1 to −2.6) but not a significantly higher risk to not qualify for high school (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, CI 0.99–1.31). The results were similar in children with UC (AMGD −5.5, CI −8.7 to −2.3) and CD (AMGD −4.7, CI −8.2 to −1.2). Underperformance was more common in subsets of IBD children characterized by markers associated with long-standing active disease (eg, >30 inpatient days [AMGD−18.1, CI −25.8 to −10.4]).ConclusionMost children with IBD achieve comparable results in the final year of compulsory school as their healthy peers. Care should be improved for the subgroup of children for which IBD has a stronger negative impact on school performance.
Same Principles but Different Purposes: Passive Fluid Handling throughout the Animal Kingdom
Authors: Joel Anna-Christin , Weissbach Margret 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEverything on earth is subject to physical laws, thus they influence all facets of living creatures. Although these laws restrain animals in many ways, some animals have developed a way to use physical phenomena in their favor to conserve energy. Many animals, which have to handle fluids, for example, have evolved passive mechanisms by adapting their wettability or using capillary forces for rapid fluid spreading. In distinct animals, a similar selection pressure always favors a convergent development. However, when assessing the biological tasks of passive fluid handling mechanisms, their diversity is rather surprising. Besides the well-described handling of water to facilitate drinking in arid regions, observed in, e.g., several lizards, other animals like a special flat bug have developed a similar mechanism for a completely different task and fluid: Instead of water, these bugs passively transport an oily defense secretion to a region close to their head where it finally evaporates. And again some spiders use capillary forces to capture prey, by sucking in the viscous waxy cuticle of their prey with their nanofibrous threads. This review highlights the similarities and differences in the deployed mechanisms of passive fluid handling across the animal kingdom. Besides including well-studied animals to point out different mechanisms in general, we stretch over to not as extensively studied species for which similar mechanisms are described for different tasks. Thus, we provide an extensive overview of animals for which passive fluid handling is described so far as well as for future inspiration.
The journey from theory to practice in the field of competition law
Authors: Dabbah Eyad Maher M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article considers the important relationship between law and economics in the field of competition law. The article shows how economics has become a dominant discipline in the field and the difficulties this development has given, and is likely to give, rise to in practice. In doing so, the article considers the heavy reliance which lawyers in particular have come to place on economics. The article offers a number of illustrations taken from different areas of competition law and policy in order to support the analysis and arguments therein. The article offers a perspective on what the exact relationship between law and economics should be and what role lawyers should play in order to facilitate a smooth transition from theory to practice and ultimately ensure that competition law is developed and applied correctly and in a way that matches the realities of markets and the business world.
Oviposition Behavior of Culex annulirostris (Diptera: Culicidae) Is Affected by the Recent Presence of Invasive Gambusia holbrooki (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae)
Authors: Hanford Jayne K , Hochuli Dieter F , Webb Cameron E 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Constructed wetlands are popular tools for managing threatened flora and fauna in urban settings, but there are concerns that these habitats may increase mosquito populations and mosquito-related public health risks. Understanding the interactions occurring between mosquitoes of public health concern and co-occurring organisms is critical to informing management of these habitats to mitigate potential health risks and balance the multiple values of urban wetlands. This study examined how oviposition behavior of Culex annulirostris Skuse, the most important pest mosquito species associated with freshwater wetland habitats in Australia, is influenced by the presence of Gambusia holbrooki Girard, a widespread invasive fish. Water was collected from urban wetlands that are intensively managed to reduce G. holbrooki populations to assist conservation of locally threatened frogs, and adjacent unmanaged wetlands where G. holbrooki was abundant. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the oviposition response by Cx. annulirostris to water samples from these two habitats. Experiments were conducted on two occasions, once in February following draining and refilling of the urban wetlands, and repeated following a substantial rainfall event in March. The results clearly demonstrate that ovipositing mosquitoes were able to detect and avoid water derived from habitats containing fish, even in the absence of the fish themselves. Understanding how invasive species affect the behavior and spatial distribution of pest species such as Cx. annulirostris will enable future wetland design and management to maximize benefits of urban wetlands and minimize potential public health risks.
Association of Indoor Tanning Exposure With Age at Melanoma Diagnosis and BRAF V600E Mutations
Authors: Burbidge Toni E , Bastian Boris C , Guo Danny , Li Haocheng , Morris Don G , Monzon Jose G , Leung Gabriella , Yang Huiming , Cheng Tina 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
There is limited information on how indoor tanning promotes melanoma development. We investigated indoor tanning use in patients with melanomas in sun-exposed skin and studied the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics in relation to indoor tanning exposure. Patients from a multidisciplinary clinic for cutaneous cancers completed standardized questionnaires on risk factors for melanoma as a component of medical history at their initial consultations. For this study, we included patients from December 2013 to May 2015. The 114 patients who reported indoor tanning exposure were younger at diagnosis than the 222 patients who did not (51.5 vs 64.0 years, two-sided P < .001). BRAF V600E genotype was more prevalent in ever-users than in nonusers (42.9% vs 28.3%, two-sided P = .04) and higher in ever-users who initiated indoor tanning prior to age 25 years compared with age 25 years or older (62.2% vs 31.1%, two-sided P = .003). There were more melanomas in intermittently sun-exposed skin in ever-users than nonusers (65.7% vs 51.9%, respectively, two-sided P = .02). Our data suggest indoor tanning may promote melanomas that arise in skin with low-chronic sun-induced damage through BRAF V600E-mediated melanomagenesis.
Urca reactions during neutron star inspiral
Authors: Arras Phil , Weinberg Nevin N 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We study the impact of Urca reactions driven by tidally induced fluid motion during binary neutron star inspiral. Fluid compression is computed for low radial order oscillation modes through an adiabatic, time-dependent solution for the mode amplitudes. Optically thin neutrino emission and heating rates are then computed from this adiabatic fluid motion. Calculations use direct and modified Urca reactions operating in a $M=1.4\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$ neutron star, which is constructed using the Skyrme Rs equation of state. We find that the energy pumped into low-order oscillation modes is not efficiently thermalized even by direct Urca reactions, with core temperatures reaching only T ≃ 108 K during the inspiral. Although this is an order of magnitude larger than the heating due to shear viscosity considered by previous studies, it reinforces the result that the stars are quite cold at merger. Upon excitation of the lowest order g mode, the chemical potential imbalance reaches $\beta \gtrsim 1\, \rm MeV$ at orbital frequencies $\nu _{\rm orb} \gtrsim 200\, \rm Hz$, implying significant charged-current optical depths and Fermi-blocking. To assess the importance of neutrino degeneracy effects, the neutrino transfer equation is solved in the static approximation for the three-dimensional density distribution, and the reaction rates are then computed including Fermi-blocking. We find that the heating rate is suppressed by a factor of a ∼2 for $\nu _{\rm orb} \gtrsim 200\, \rm Hz$. The spectrum of emitted νe and $\bar{\nu }_e$, including radiation transfer effects, is presented for a range of orbital separations.
A luminosity distribution for kilonovae based on short gamma-ray burst afterglows
Authors: Ascenzi Stefano , Coughlin Michael W , Dietrich Tim , Foley Ryan J , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Piranomonte Silvia , Mockler Brenna , Murguia-Berthier Ariadna , Fryer Chris L , Lloyd-Ronning Nicole M , Rosswog Stephan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The combined detection of a gravitational-wave signal, kilonova, and short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) from GW170817 marked a scientific breakthrough in the field of multimessenger astronomy. But even before GW170817, there have been a number of sGRBs with possible associated kilonova detections. In this work, we re-examine these ‘historical’ sGRB afterglows with a combination of state-of-the-art afterglow and kilonova models. This allows us to include optical/near-infrared synchrotron emission produced by the sGRB as well as ultraviolet/optical/near-infrared emission powered by the radioactive decay of r-process elements (i.e. the kilonova). Fitting the light curves, we derive the velocity and the mass distribution as well as the composition of the ejected material. The posteriors on kilonova parameters obtained from the fit were turned into distributions for the peak magnitude of the kilonova emission in different bands and the time at which this peak occurs. From the sGRB with an associated kilonova, we found that the peak magnitude in H bands falls in the range [−16.2, −13.1] ($95{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of confidence) and occurs within $0.8\!-\!3.6\, \rm d$ after the sGRB prompt emission. In g band instead we obtain a peak magnitude in range [−16.8, −12.3] occurring within the first 18 h after the sGRB prompt. From the luminosity distributions of GW170817/AT2017gfo, kilonova candidates GRB130603B, GRB050709, and GRB060614 (with the possible inclusion of GRB150101B, GRB050724A, GRB061201, GRB080905A, GRB150424A, and GRB160821B) and the upper limits from all the other sGRBs not associated with any kilonova detection we obtain for the first time a kilonova luminosity distribution in different bands.
Optimizing Initial Intrathecal Drug Ratio for Refractory Cancer-Related Pain for Early Pain Relief. A Retrospective Monocentric Study
Authors: Dupoiron Denis , Leblanc Damien , Demelliez-Merceron Sybille , Bore Francois , Seegers Valerie , Dubois Pierre Yves , Pechard Marie , Robard Serge , Delorme Thierry , Jubier-Hamon Sabrina , Carvajal Gabriel , Lebrec Nathalie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveIntrathecal (IT) drug delivery has shown its efficiency in treating refractory cancer pain, but switching opioids from the systemic to the intrathecal route is a challenging phase. Moreover, associations are widely used and recommended. Few data deal with the initial dosage of each drug. Analyzing conversion factors and initial dosages used in intrathecal therapy seems essential to decreasing the length of titration and to delivering quick pain relief to patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from consecutive adult patients implanted with an intrathecal device for cancer pain and treated at the Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, in Angers, France, for four years. The main goal was to identify factors associated with early pain relief after intrathecal drug delivery system (IDDS) implantation.ResultsOf the 220 IDDS-treated patients, 70 (32%) experienced early pain relief (EaPR) and 150 (68%) delayed pain relief (DePR). Performance Status stage and initial IT ropivacaine:IT morphine ratio were the variables independently associated with EaPR. The best IT ropivacaine:IT morphine ratio to predict EaPR was 5:1, with a 73% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 64.8% to 79.6%) sensitivity and a 67.1% (95% CI = 54.9% to 77.9%) specificity. EaPR subjects experienced better pain relief (–84% vs –60% from baseline pain score, P < 0.0001), shorter length of hospitalization (7 vs 10 days, P < 0.0001), and longer survival (155 vs 82 days, P = 0.004).ConclusionsLocal anesthetic:morphine ratio should be considered when starting IDDS treatment. EaPR during the IT analgesia titration phase was associated with better pain relief and outcomes in patients with refractory cancer-related pain.
Clinical Relevance of Preoperative MRI in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Scaramuzzo Laura , Giudici Fabrizio , Archetti Marino , Minoia Leone , Zagra Antonino , Bongetta Daniele 
Published: March 2019

Study Design:
This was a prospective cohort study.

Objectives:
The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and clinical relevance of neuroaxial anomalies in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients as well as to evaluate different clinical and radiologic variables as potential predictors of the presence of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormality.

Summary of Background Data:
The usefulness of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in AIS is still debated in the literature as well as the clinical relevance of the neuroaxial anomalies detected.

Materials and Methods:
We performed an analysis on 88 patients affected by AIS with normal neurological examination undergoing a posterior arthrodesis intervention. Patients were stratified according to the presence and type of neuroaxial abnormalities and were compared by age, sex, Risser grading, Lenke curve type, coronal and sagittal curve parameters, presence of alterations at intraoperative neuromonitoring, and “pain” and “function” scores at the SRS-22 test.

Results:
Neuroaxial abnormalities were reported in 23 patients (26.14%): 14 hydromyelias, 7 syringomyelias, 1 case of Chiari I syndrome, and 1 case of spinal ependymoma. Age, sex, Risser grading, curve type, and coronal and sagittal curve parameters did not differ between normal patients and patients with any neuroaxial abnormality. Alterations of motor-evoked potential/somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring during surgery were reported in 23 patients; the difference in their incidence between normal (20%) and hydromyelia (64%) patients was significant (P<0.01). In evaluating the subareas of the SRS-22 test, we found that the “function” scores differed significantly by comparing normal (21.5±1.6) and hydromyelia (20.4±1.8) patients (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
The prevalence of neuroaxial abnormalities in AIS patients is relatively high, but we could not identify any definitive clinical or radiologic predictor of their presence. Hydromyelia was correlated with intraoperative motor-evoked potential/somatosensory-evoked potential electrophysiological alterations.
WHO child growth standards for Pygmies: one size fits all?
Authors: Funk Stephan M. , Guerra Belén Palomo , Ickowitz Amy , Poni Nicias Afoumpam , Abdou Mohamadou Aminou , Sibama Yaya Hadam , Penda René , Brull Guillermo Ros , Abossolo Martin , Martín Eva Ávila , Okale Robert , Ze Blaise Ango , Carrión Ananda Moreno , Sebastián Cristina García , de Loizaga García Cristina Ruiz , Salazar Francisco López-Romero , Amazia Hissein , Álvarez Reyes Idoia , Sánchez Expósito Rafaela , Fa John E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAfrican Pygmies exhibit a unique, genetically determined child growth dynamics and adult stature but the impact on assessing undernutrition remains unknown. Baka Pygmy health is highly compromised compared to sympatric populations. Evaluating child undernutrition is an important step to address this health quandry. We estimate stunting and wasting in Cameroon’s Baka children and investigate the applicability of the standards for Pygmy people.MethodsAnthropometric and health data from 685 2-to12 year old children were collected at 25 health centres in southern Cameroon. Growth was analysed using both, WHO Child Growth Standards and the population itself as reference to define frequencies of stunting, wasting and obesity.FindingsBaka children revealed with 68.4% the highest recorded level globally of stunting relative to the WHO child growth standard in 2-to-4 year olds. Wasting was at 8.2% in the upper third range in Sub-Saharan Africa. Obesity was with 6.5% similar to wasting, but no comparable data have been published for Sub-Saharan Africa. When referenced to the Baka population itself, values for stunting were dramatically lower at 1.0% and 2.9% for 2-to-4 and 5-to-12 year olds, respectively. Wasting was also lower at 2.8% and 1.8% and was exceeded by obesity at 3.4% and 3.5%, respectively. Brachial perimeters and oedemas indicated rare severe malnutrition (< 2%) whilst moderate and severe anaemia were frequent (26.6% and 3.3%, respectively).InterpretationWHO child growth standards for stunting are clearly not applicable to Pygmies thus contradicting the widespread emphasis of their ethnicity-independent applicability. The inferred values for wasting and obesity are also difficult to interpret and are likely overestimated by the WHO criteria. To achieve UN Sustainable Development Goals and to fulfil our humanitarian responsibility for fellow man, we recommend that Pygmy specific growth standards are developed for the genetically differing Pygmy tribes.
In “likes” we trust: likes, disclosures and firm-serving motives on social media
Authors: Seo Yuri , Kim Jungkeun , Choi Yung Kyun , Li Xiaozhu 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to examine when and how the number of “likes” can exert significant influence on consumer evaluations of social media advertising. It sheds a novel perspective on how social media “likes”, advertising disclosures and the presence of firm-serving motives influence advertising effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachStudy 1 examines how the number of “likes” influences consumer attitudes towards the sponsoring brand by strengthening advertising credibility, when social media ads are effectively (vs non-effectively) disclosed. Study 2 further establishes how the influence of the number of “likes” for effectively disclosed ads varies depending on whether the company states (vs does not state) its firm-serving motives.FindingsThe authors found that a social media ad displayed with a higher number of “likes” is perceived to be more credible, which can then yield more positive attitudes towards the brand. However, the use of effective disclosures moderates this relationship. To offset this effect, companies can restore the value of “likes” by stating their firm-serving motives openly when they develop social media advertising messages.Research limitations/implicationsThe study offers a novel perspective on how consumers evaluate the number of displayed “likes” in the context of other social media features.Practical implicationsThe study shows how social media marketers can become more effective in taking advantage of the number of “likes” that they accumulate on social networking site platforms.Originality/valueThe study illustrates a novel mechanism behind how and when the number of “likes” can influence the effectiveness of social media advertising.
The more I err, the less I pay
Authors: Muralidharan Etayankara , Bapuji Hari , Hora Manpreet 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effects of firm characteristics and crisis characteristics on remedies offered to consumers by firms in the event of a product recall crisis.Design/methodology/approachPublished data on 868 product recalls in the US toy industry from 1988 to 2011 have been used to investigate the effects of firm experience in product recalls, type of firm (company versus intermediary) and product recall severity in predicting remedies offered to consumers in the event of a product recall.FindingsThe findings show that firm recall experience, firm type and recall severity are negatively associated with recall remedies offered. Specifically, firms offer lower remedies if they have higher recall experience, if they are upstream firms in the supply chain (farther from consumers) and if the recall is more severe.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on the toy industry and does not consider product complexity, firm reputation and the role of external regulatory agencies in the prediction of remedies offered by firms. Future research may extend this study to include the above factors.Practical implicationsOffering a high remedy to consumers of a recalled product may be a responsible decision by a firm, but it may also attract shareholder wrath. The study has implications for managing multiple goals in product recall crisis management.Originality/valueStudies focused on issues of interest to consumers during a recall crisis, such as swift recalls and appropriate remedies, are limited. This study contributes to the understanding of the antecedents of recall remedies.