bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stressing the Role of DNA as a Drug Carrier: Synthesis of DNA–Drug Conjugates through Grafting Chemotherapeutics onto Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Zhang Jiao , Ding Fei , Pan Gaifang , Li Jing , Feng Jing , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhang Chuan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo stress the role of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as a drug carrier, an efficient conjugation strategy in which chemotherapeutics can be grafted onto a phosphorothiolated DNA backbone through the reaction between the phosphorothioate group (PS) and a benzyl bromide group is proposed. As a proof of concept, benzyl‐bromide‐modified paclitaxel (PTX) is employed to graft onto the DNA backbone at the PS modification sites. Due to the easy preparation of phosphorothiolated DNA at any desired position during its solid‐phase synthesis, diblock DNA strands containing both normal phosphodiester segment (PODNA) and phosphorothiolate segment (PSDNA) are directly grafted with a multitude of PTXs without using complicated and exogenous linkers. Then, the resulting amphiphilic PODNA‐blocked‐(PSDNA‐grafted PTX) conjugates (PODNA‐b‐(PSDNA‐g‐PTX)) assemble into PTX‐loaded spherical nucleic acid (SNA)‐like micellar nanoparticles (PTX‐SNAs) with a high drug loading ratio up to ≈53%. Importantly, the PODNA segment maintains its molecular recognition property and biological functions, which allows the as‐prepared PTX‐SNAs to be further functionalized with tumor‐targeting aptamers, fluorescent probe strands, or antisense sequences. These multifunctional PTX‐SNAs demonstrate active tumor‐targeting delivery, efficient inhibition of tumor growth, and the reversal of drug resistance both in vitro and in vivo for comprehensive antitumor therapy.
Emergence of an Antiferromagnetic Mott Insulating Phase in Hexagonal π‐Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Thomas Simil , Li Hong , Bredas Jean‐Luc 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhile the search for 2D organic semimetallic Dirac materials displaying, like graphene, a Dirac cone at the Fermi level remains active, attention is also being paid to the quantum phase transition from semimetal to antiferromagnet. Such a transition in graphene‐like materials is predicted based on theoretical investigations of the 2D honeycomb lattice; it occurs (within a Hubbard model) when the on‐site electron–electron Coulomb repulsion (U) is much larger than the nearest‐neighbor inter‐site electronic coupling (t). Here, monomers carrying long‐lived radicals are considered and used as building blocks to design 2D hexagonal π‐conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Both the nonmagnetic semimetallic phase and magnetically ordered phases are evaluated. It is found that the electronic coupling between adjacent radical centers in these COFs is more than an order of magnitude smaller than in graphene while the on‐site Coulomb repulsion is reduced to a lesser extent. The resulting large U/t ratio drives these COFs into the antiferromagnetic side of the phase diagram. This work provides a first theoretical evidence of the realization of an antiferromagnetic Mott insulating phase in 2D π‐conjugated COFs and allows a strategy to achieve quantum phase transitions from antiferromagnet to spin liquid and to semimetal to be outlined.
An Ultra‐Mechanosensitive Visco‐Poroelastic Polymer Ion Pump for Continuous Self‐Powering Kinematic Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Hwang Hee Jae , Kim Joo Sung , Kim Wook , Park Hyunwoo , Bhatia Divij , Jee Eunsong , Chung Yoon Sun , Kim Do Hwan , Choi Dukhyun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA mechanosensitive, visco‐poroelastic polymer ion pump that can rapidly establish a dense electrical double layer via mechanical pressure, thereby significantly enhancing output performance of an ionic triboelectric nanogenerator (iTENG), is described. A working mechanism of an iTENG using a highly mechanosensitive, visco‐poroelastic ion pump is suggested and the optimal characteristics of the polymer ion pump are reported by investigating optical, mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical properties. Surprisingly, the pressure sensitivity of the iTENG reaches 23.3 V kPa−1, which is tens of times the record value. To achieve controlled high‐frequency pulses from an iTENG, kinematic systems using a gear train and a cam are integrated with a single grounded iTENG, which produces a maximum of 600 V and 22 mA (≈2.2 W cm−2) at an input frequency of 1.67 Hz; after power transforming, those values are converted to 1.42 V and 225 mA. A capacitor of 1 mF can be fully charged to 2 V in only 60 s, making it possible to continuously operate a wireless‐communicating self‐powered humidity sensor. Also, due to the high transparency and deformability of the polymer ion pump, a self‐powered transparent tactile sensor is successfully assembled using a 5 × 5 iTENG array.
Child and Family Team Meeting Characteristics and Outcomes in a Statewide System of Care
Authors: Schreier Alayna , Horwitz Mark , Marshall Tim , Bracey Jeana , Cummins Mary , Kaufman Joy S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSystems of care (SOC) have relied on the wraparound care process to individualize community‐based services for children and youth with serious emotional and behavioral difficulties. A core element of wraparound care is Child and Family Team meetings (CFTs), which are designed to give youth and families a leadership role in developing and guiding their plan of care. The National Wraparound Initiative (NWI) has identified Practice Standards regarding CFT implementation. This study examined CFT characteristics and the association between those characteristics and youth and family outcomes in a statewide SOC. Participants were 363 youth (Mage = 10.89, SD = 3.72) and their caregivers. Families completed measures of youth and caregiver functioning and symptoms at enrollment and 6‐month follow‐up. Care coordinators completed a survey assessing CFT implementation and characteristics following each meeting. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between CFT characteristics and youth and caregiver outcomes. Results indicated that a higher number of CFTs was associated with poorer outcomes, while a higher percentage of natural supports at meetings was associated with better youth outcomes. Number of days to the first CFT was associated with greater caregiver strain. Implications for CFT implementation within wraparound are discussed.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Indoles from Aniline and α,β‐Ynones through an Iodine‐Mediated Transition‐Metal‐Free Tandem aza‐Michael addition/C−H Functionalization
Authors: Su Jie , Zhang Kan , Zhuang Mengyuan , Ma Fuyu , Zhang Wei‐Qiang , Sun Huaming , Zhang Guofang , Jian Yajun , Gao Ziwei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn efficient iodine‐mediated aza‐Michael addition/C−H functionalization procedure for the synthesis of indoles was achieved in one pot. By simple aza‐Michael addition between anilines and α,β‐ynones, a series of N‐aryl enaminones intermediate was generated, followed by iodine‐mediated C−H functionalization, a wide variety of indole derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields under transition‐metal‐free conditions. Control experiments and in situ ESI‐MS analysis indicated the reaction occurred via a radical mechanism.
Sagittal suture maturation: Morphological reorganization, relation to aging, and reliability as an age‐at‐death indicator
Authors: Nikolova Silviya , Toneva Diana , Georgiev Ivan , Lazarov Nikolai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe sagittal suture (SS) is assumed to be an initial site for the commencement of cranial suture closure as well as the most frequent spot of isolated craniosynostosis. The present study aimed to inspect the reorganization of the SS at the microlevel to assess the relation between its closure and aging and to establish whether it could be used as a reliable indicator in age‐at‐death prediction.Materials and methodsThe SS was investigated in 68 dry contemporary adult male skulls of known age‐at‐death. An additional series of 20 skulls was used for verification. The skulls were scanned using a micro‐computed tomography system. The SS closure degree was assessed along the three bone layers on cross‐sectional tomograms by using a scoring scale.ResultsIn the entirely open SS, the bone edges consist of compact bone and are widely separated. With SS maturation, the bone edges come into contact, and the remodeling process leads to a decrease in the sutural area and bone homogenization across all three layers. SS closure is an irregular process roughly related to aging, beginning in the early 20s, reaching its peak at about 30 years of age and abating in the late 40s.DiscussionAlthough related to aging, SS closure is not a simple function of it. Rather, the underlying factors inducing and managing this process are multifaceted and complex. Although the etiology of SS maturation remains unclear, it is reasonable to use SS closure cautiously and only as a supportive method for age prediction.
Control Mechanism for Carbon‐Chain Length in Polyunsaturated Fatty‐Acid Synthases
Authors: Hayashi Shohei , Naka Mai , Ikeuchi Kenshin , Ohtsuka Makoto , Kobayashi Kota , Satoh Yasuharu , Ogasawara Yasushi , Maruyama Chitose , Hamano Yoshimitsu , Ujihara Tetsuro , Dairi Tohru 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are essential fatty acids. PUFA synthases are composed of three to four subunits and each create a specific PUFA without undesirable byproducts. However, detailed biosynthetic mechanisms for controlling final product profiles have been obscure. Here, the bacterial DHA and EPA synthases were carefully dissected by in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vitro analysis with two KS domains (KSA and KSC) and acyl‐acyl carrier protein (ACP) substrates showed that KSA accepted short‐ to medium‐chain substrates while KSC accepted medium‐ to long‐chain substrates. Unexpectedly, condensation from C18 to C20, the last elongation step in EPA biosynthesis, was catalyzed by KSA domains in both EPA and DHA synthases. Conversely, condensation from C20 to C22, the last elongation step for DHA biosynthesis, was catalyzed by the KSC domain in DHA synthase. KSC domains therefore determine the chain lengths.
Synergistic effect of graphene oxide and sodium carboxymethylcellulose on the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels
Authors: Xue Fei , He Xianru , Cai Shuwei , Nie Jun , Shi Zhengren , Wang Xin 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTHydrogels are a promising candidate for applications in biomedicine and bioengineering, but their mechanical properties often restrict their applications. To improve the mechanical performance of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels, we introduced sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and graphene oxide (GO) into them. We prepared a series of composite hydrogels composed of PVA, CMC, and GO with epichlorohydrin as a chemical crosslinker. We used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction to characterize the chemical structures of GO and the hydrogel. The dynamic mechanical analysis results show the synergistic enhancement effects of CMC and GO on the PVA hydrogel. The swelling process of the hydrogels also fit well with the second‐order kinetic equation. Scanning electron microscopy results suggest that the neat mesh structure facilitated superior mechanical properties in the hydrogels. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47644.
Rheological behavior and flow instability in capillary extrusion of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene/high‐density polyethylene/nano‐SiO2 blends
Authors: Liu Lichao , Zhao Hang , Wang Fei , Xue Ping , Tian Jing 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTRheological behaviors of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (PE)/high‐density PE/SiO2 blends are investigated using parallel‐plate rheometer and capillary rheometer. The molecular chain conformational change mechanism is used to explain flow instabilities during extrusion. The viewpoints are proposed: (1) critical shear rate depends on the relative strength of irreversible viscous loss and reversible elastic orientation for molecular chains in transverse velocity gradient field inside the die and (2) critical shear stress depends on the extent of molecular chain conformational change inside the die, and the ease of conformational recovery after leaving the die. Modified nano‐SiO2 particles are detected a certain interfacial adhesion in PE matrix. The interfacial interaction limits viscous flow inside the die and conformational recovery after leaving the die, thus causing not only the flow instabilities to occur prematurely on shear rate and delaying sharkskin on shear stress, but also an alternate “sharkskin‐melt fracture” appearance after global extrusion fracture. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47713.
Preparation of polyurethane ionomers by reactive extrusion and dispersions containing sulfonate groups and polyethylene glycol segments
Authors: Wu Guofei , Sun Dongcheng 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTA synthesis method of polyurethane ionomers (PUIs) and anionic/nonionic polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) is introduced in this article. PUIs were synthesized in twin‐screw extruder without organic solvent. PUIs were then dissolved in acetone and dispersed in water. The PUDs were obtained after distilling off acetone and the solid content of PUDs was about 55% and had excellent stability. PUDs obtained were mainly used as adhesives. PUIs were synthesized from poly(1,4‐butylene adipate glycol) (PBA) as soft segments, 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate‐50 (MDI‐50) as hard segments, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (MPEG) and polyether diol‐containing sulfonate (SPPG) as hydrophilic monomers, and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. The particle size, viscosity, and adhesive properties of the PUDs were measured and the results indicated that PUDs obtained have excellent stability and adhesive properties, such as the maximum initial peel strength and T‐peel strength were 2.38 and 11.82 N mm−1, respectively. The thermal properties, tensile stress–strain, and water resistance of the PUIs films were also characterized. The test results showed that films have good thermal properties and water resistance properties, and some typical characteristics of crystalline polymers were revealed in the tensile stress–strain curves. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47719.
Treatment to Target Using Recombinant Interleukin‐1 Receptor Antagonist as First‐Line Monotherapy in New‐Onset Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Results From a Five‐Year Follow‐Up Study
Authors: ter Haar Nienke M. , van Dijkhuizen E. H. Pieter , Swart Joost F. , van Royen‐Kerkhof Annet , el Idrissi Ayman , Leek Arjen P. , de Jager Wilco , de Groot Mark C. H. , Haitjema Saskia , Holzinger Dirk , Foell Dirk , van Loosdregt Jorg , Wulffraat Nico M. , de Roock Sytze , Vastert Sebastiaan J. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveSystemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a multifactorial autoinflammatory disease with a historically poor prognosis. With current treatment regimens, approximately half of patients still experience active disease after 1 year of therapy. This study was undertaken to evaluate a treat‐to‐target approach using recombinant interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (rIL‐1Ra; anakinra) as first‐line monotherapy to achieve early inactive disease and prevent damage.MethodsIn this single‐center, prospective study, patients with new‐onset systemic JIA with an unsatisfactory response to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs received rIL‐1Ra monotherapy according to a treat‐to‐target strategy. Patients with an incomplete response to 2 mg/kg rIL‐1Ra subsequently received 4 mg/kg rIL‐1Ra or additional prednisolone, or switched to alternative therapy. For patients in whom inactive disease was achieved, rIL‐1Ra was tapered after 3 months and subsequently stopped.ResultsForty‐two patients, including 12 who had no arthritis at disease onset, were followed up for a median of 5.8 years. The median time to achieve inactive disease was 33 days. At 1 year, 76% had inactive disease, and 52% had inactive disease while not receiving medication. High neutrophil counts at baseline and a complete response after 1 month of rIL‐1Ra were highly associated with inactive disease at 1 year. After 5 years of follow‐up, 96% of the patients included had inactive disease, and 75% had inactive disease while not receiving medication. Articular or extraarticular damage was reported in <5%, and only 33% of the patients received glucocorticoids. Treatment with rIL‐1Ra was equally effective in systemic JIA patients without arthritis at disease onset.ConclusionTreatment to target, starting with first‐line, short‐course monotherapy with rIL‐1Ra, is a highly efficacious strategy to induce and sustain inactive disease and to prevent disease‐ and glucocorticoid‐related damage in systemic JIA.
Strong f‐f Excitation and Bright Red Emission in Cd4Gd1‐xEuxO(BO3)3 (0≤x≤1): Near‐UV LED Pumped Red Phosphor with Low Thermal Quenching
Authors: Yin Chao , Yue Mufei , Jiang Pengfei , Yang Ruirui , Zhou Xianju , Gao Wenliang , Cong Rihong , Yang Tao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSearching efficient red phosphors under near‐UV or blue light excitation is practically important to improve the current white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). Eu2+‐ and Mn4+‐based red phosphors have been extensively studied. Here we proposed that Eu3+ is also a promising activator when it resides on a noncentrosymmetric coordination site. We proved that Cd4GdO(BO3)3 is a good host, which has a significantly distorted coordination for Eu3+. A careful crystallographic study was performed on the solid solutions of Cd4Gd1‐xEuxO(BO3)3 (0≤x≤1) by Rietveld refinements. The as‐doped Eu3+ cations locate at the Gd3+ site and are well separated by CdO8, CdO6 and BO3 groups; thus, only a slight concentration quenching was observed at ≈80 atom % Eu3+. Most importantly, the parity‐forbidden law of 4f‐4f transitions for Eu3+ are severely depressed, thus the absorptions at ≈393 and ≈465 nm are remarkable. Cd4Gd0.2Eu0.8O(BO3)3 can be pumped by a 395 nm LED chip to give a bright red emission, and when mixed with other commercial blue and green phosphors, it can emit the proper white light (0.3657, 0.3613) with a suitable Ra≈87 and correlated colour temperature ≈4326 K. In‐situ photoluminescence study indicated the low thermal quenching of these borate phosphors, especially under 465 nm excitation. Our case proves the practicability to develop near‐UV excited red phosphors in rare‐earth‐containing borates.
ALFABET 2.0: Datengrundlage zur DIN EN 1999‐1‐3
Authors: Rengstl Mathias , Radlbeck Christina , Mensinger Martin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIm Zuge eines AiF‐Forschungsprojekts (IGF‐18629) zur Ermüdung von Aluminiumkonstruktionen im Kurzzeitfestigkeitsbereich, d. h. wenige Lastwechsel bei hoher Spannungsschwingbreite, wurde am Lehrstuhl für Metallbau der TU München die Datengrundlage der DIN EN 1999‐1‐3 zum Großteil rekonstruiert. Ziel war es, die Versuchshintergründe zu den Kerbdetails und ihren Bemessungslinien neu zu organisieren und für eine statistische Auswertung aufzubereiten. Die ursprüngliche Datenbank ALFABET aus dem Jahr 1990 war nicht mehr lauffähig und wurde dementsprechend lange nicht mehr gepflegt. Die original implementierten Versuchsdaten lagen aber noch auszugweise in damals exportierten Formularen vor. Auf dieser Basis wurde die Datenbank ALFABET 2.0 neu erstellt und mit weiteren Versuchsdaten ergänzt. Aktuell stehen ca. 2 500 Ermüdungsversuche zu Grundmaterial, Verbindungen und Trägerversuchen aus dem Zeitraum 1960–2018 zur Verfügung. Der Schwerpunkt von damaligem und heutigem Aufbau der Datenbank liegt vor allem auf der Beurteilung des Einflusses von Kerben und der Mittelspannung auf die Ermüdungsfestigkeit. Die möglichst breit angelegte Versuchsbasis dient letztlich zur Ableitung von normativ abgesicherten Bemessungslinien.
Enhancing corporate sustainable development: Stakeholder pressures, organizational learning, and green innovation
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhu Lei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGreen innovation has become the main path toward achieving corporate sustainable development. Despite the centrality of organizational learning in firms pursuing green activities, little research has considered its role in the relationship between stakeholder pressures and green innovation. By combining stakeholder theory and organizational learning theory, this study explores whether environmental pressures from different stakeholders influence green innovation differently and how this is further mediated by organizational learning. From a sample of 259 Chinese manufacturing firms, we find that consumer pressure has a greater positive effect on green product innovation than regulation pressure, whereas regulation pressure is more positively related to green process innovation than consumer pressure. Moreover, these two relationships are partially mediated by exploration learning and exploitation learning, respectively. These findings advance the existing research on the stakeholder pressures–green innovation linkage by revealing that consumer and regulation pressures influence green product innovation and green process innovation differently and through different organizational learning approaches.
Long‐term molecular remission in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia harboring a new NUP98‐LEDGF rearrangement
Authors: Gallego Hernanz Maria Pilar , Torregrosa Diaz José Miguel , Sorel Nathalie , Bobin Arthur , Dindinaud Elodie , Bouyer Sabrina , Desmier Deborah , Brizard Françoise , Leleu Xavier , Maillard Natacha , Chomel Jean‐Claude 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA large variety of molecular rearrangements of the NUP98 gene have been described in the past decades (n = 72), involving fusion partners coding for different transcription factors, chromatin modifying enzymes, as well as various cytosolic proteins. Here, we report the case of an AML‐M2 patient with a variant NUP98‐LEDGF/PSIP1 gene fusion (N9‐L10). In this patient, three different NUP98-LEDGF fusion mRNAs were characterized due to alternative splicing in LEDGF exon 11. Targeted high‐throughput sequencing revealed the presence of IDH1, SRSF2, and WT1 additional pathogenic mutations. To improve the therapeutic monitoring, quantification of NUP98‐LEDGF mRNA by real‐time PCR was developed. Because of poor response to conventional chemotherapy, allogeneic stem cell transplantation was performed, followed by 20 cycles of azacitidine‐based preemptive treatment of relapse. More than 31 months after diagnosis, corresponding to 25 months post SCT and 4 months after the last cycle of azacytidine, the patient is in complete molecular remission (undetectable NUP98‐LEDGF mRNA transcripts). This study highlights the considerable variability in breakpoint location within both NUP98 and LEDGF, associated with alternative splicing affecting LEDGF. It also emphasizes the need to fully characterize the breakpoints within the two genes and the identification of all fusion mRNAs, particularly for the development of a molecular monitoring assay. All these data seem critical for the optimal management of NUP98‐LEDGF + hematological malignancies commonly associated with a poor prognosis.