bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perovskite—a Perfect Top Cell for Tandem Devices to Break the S–Q Limit
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Song Zhaoning , Yan Yanfa , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Yang Dong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUp to now, multijunction cell design is the only successful way demonstrated to overcome the Shockley–Quiesser limit for single solar cells. Perovskite materials have been attracting ever‐increasing attention owing to their large absorption coefficient, tunable bandgap, low cost, and easy fabrication process. With their rapidly increased power conversion efficiency, organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite‐based solar cells have demonstrated themselves as the most promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaic applications. In fact, it is a dream come true for researchers to finally find a perfect top‐cell candidate in tandem device design in commercially developed solar cells like single‐crystalline silicon and CIGS cells used as the bottom component cells. Here, the recent progress of multijunction solar cells is reviewed, including perovskite/silicon, perovskite/CIGS, perovskite/perovskite, and perovskite/polymer multijunction cells. In addition, some perspectives on using these solar cells in emerging markets such as in portable devices, Internet of Things, etc., as well as an outlook for perovskite‐based multijunction solar cells are discussed.
Birth mode, breastfeeding and childhood infectious morbidity in the Yucatec Maya
Authors: Veile Amanda , Faria Amy A. , Rivera Sydney , Tuller Sydney M. , Kramer Karen L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesCesarean delivery is linked to breastfeeding complications and child morbidity. These outcomes may disproportionately affect Latin American indigenous populations that are experiencing rising cesarean delivery rates, but often inhabit environments that exacerbate postnatal morbidity risks. We therefore assess relationships between birth mode, infant feeding practices, and childhood infectious morbidity in a modernizing Yucatec Maya community, where prolonged breastfeeding is the norm. We predicted that under these conditions, cesarean delivery would increase risk of childhood infectious morbidity, but prolonged breastfeeding postcesarean would mitigate morbidity risk.MethodsUsing a longitudinal child health dataset (n = 88 children aged 0‐60 months, 24% cesarean‐delivered, 2290 observations total), we compare gastrointestinal infectious (GI) and respiratory infectious (RI) morbidity rates by birth mode. We model associations between cesarean delivery and breastfeeding duration, formula feeding and child nutritional status, then model GI and RI as a function of birth mode, child age, and feeding practices.ResultsCesarean delivery was associated with longer breastfeeding durations and higher child weight‐for‐age, but not with formula feeding, GI, or RI. Adolescent motherhood and RI were risk factors for GI; formula feeding and GI were risk factors for RI. Regional housing materials protected against GI; breastfeeding protected against RI and mitigated the effect of formula feeding.ConclusionsWe find no direct link between birth mode and child infectious morbidity. Yucatec Maya mothers practice prolonged breastfeeding, especially postcesarean, and in conjunction with formula feeding. This practice protects against childhood RI, but not GI, perhaps because GI is more susceptible to maternal and household factors.
A Convenient and Atom‐Economic One‐Pot Selenium‐Chloride‐Mediated Synthesis of 2‐Arylselenopheno[2,3‐b]indoles and Their Antifungal Activity
Authors: Martins Guilherme M. , do Carmo Gabriele , Morel Ademir F. , Kaufman Teodoro S. , Silveira Claudio C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA facile and convenient atom‐economic protocol for the one‐pot synthesis of 2‐aryl selenopheno[2,3‐b]indoles, by an electrophilic cyclization of 3‐(arylalkynyl)indoles with SeCl2 prepared in situ as the selenium source, is reported. The tricyclic products were obtained in moderate to very good yields. The reaction was optimized, and its scope and limitations were systematically studied. It was observed that its performance was affected by the steric and electronic properties of the substituent attached to the nitrogen atom and to a lesser extent by the nature and position of the substituents of the pending aryl moiety. Halogen atoms located para to the alkynyl group caused an average of 20% yield reduction. The reaction was unsuccessful with substrates bearing an alkyl chain attached to one of the sides of the alkynyl moiety. The antifungal activity of selected tricyclic compounds was tested against a panel of clinically relevant yeasts, and one of the heterocycles was exceptionally effective against Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gatti.
Semi‐Locked Tetrathienylethene as a Building Block for Hole‐Transporting Materials: Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Chao , Wu Yongzhen , Zhang Hao , Li Erpeng , Zhang Weiwei , Xu Xiaojia , Wu Wenjun , Tian He , Zhu Wei‐Hong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe construction of state‐of‐the‐art hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) is challenging regarding the appropriate molecular configuration for simultaneously achieving high morphology uniformity and charge mobility, especially because of the lack of appropriate building blocks. Herein a semi‐locked tetrathienylethene (TTE) serves as a promising building block for HTMs by fine‐tuning molecular planarity. Upon incorporation of four triphenylamine groups, the resulting TTE represents the first hybrid orthogonal and planar conformation, thus leading to the desirable electronic and morphological properties in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Owing to its high hole mobility, deep lying HOMO level, and excellent thin film quality, the dopant‐free TTE‐based PSCs exhibit a very promising efficiency of over 20 % with long‐term stability, achieving to date the best performances among dopant‐free HTM‐based planar n‐i‐p structured PSCs.
Functionalizable composite nanoparticles as a dual magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography contrast agent for medical imaging
Authors: Illert Patrick , Wängler Björn , Wängler Carmen , Zöllner Frank , Uhrig Tanja , Litau Shanna , Pretze Marc , Röder Thorsten 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTA dual contrast agent for computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was synthesized via microemulsion polymerization. This contrast agent consists of Fe3O4 particles (d = 7 nm) with an iodine‐carrying nanopolymeric shell, with overall particle sizes ranging from 50 to 250 nm. 2‐Methacryloyloxyethyl(2,3,5‐triiodobenzoate) was used as the monomer. Sodium oleate was used as the surfactant and its amount was varied to control the overall particle size. The composite nanoparticles were mainly characterized via dynamic light scattering, with further analyses using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The particles provided a highly visible contrast in CT and MR images. A template for biomedical applications was created by adding a comonomer and the particles were further functionalized with the somatostatin analogue Tyr3‐octreotate. The particles were tested for specific uptake into somatostatin receptor‐positive AR42J cells. The additional uptake of the functionalized particles was investigated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47571.
A Versatile Naphthalimide–Sulfonamide‐Coated Tetraphenylethene: Aggregation‐Induced Emission Behavior, Mechanochromism, and Tracking Glutathione in Living Cells
Authors: Han Xie , Liu Yuhong , Liu Guotao , Luo Jing , Liu Sheng Hua , Zhao Wenbo , Yin Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivative substituted with a sulfonyl‐based naphthalimide unit (TPE‐Np) was designed and synthesized. Its optical properties in solution and in the solid state were investigated. Photophysical properties indicated that the target molecule, TPE‐Np, possessed aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) behavior, although the linkage between TPE and the naphthalimide unit was nonconjugated. Additionally, it exhibited an unexpected, highly reversible mechanochromism in the solid state, which was attributed to the change in manner of aggregation between crystalline and amorphous states. On the other hand, a solution of TPE‐Np in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide/phosphate‐buffered saline was capable of efficiently distinguishing glutathione (GSH) from cysteine and homocysteine in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Furthermore, the strategy of using poly(ethylene glycol)–polyethylenimine (PEG‐PEI) nanogel as a carrier to cross‐link TPE‐Np to obtain a water‐soluble PEG‐PEI/TPE‐Np nanoprobe greatly improved the biocompatibility, and this nanoprobe could be successfully applied in the visualization of GSH levels in living cells.
Application of the active disturbance rejection control structure to improve the controller performance of uncertain pneumatic actuators
Authors: Rosas Almeida David I. , Alvarez Joaquin , Cantu Cardenas Jesus Armando 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn many robotic applications, pneumatic actuators are not adequate for tracking control tasks given the poor performance obtained with traditional control techniques like PID controllers. In this paper we show that the so‐called Active Disturbance Rejection Control Structure (ADRCS), combined with a discontinuous observer and standard or robust algorithms in the controller block, provides a good solution to regulation and tracking control problems of pneumatic actuators. The discontinuous observer estimates the velocity, and whose discontinuous nature permits to estimate also the disturbances affecting the system, allowing to use a very simple model of the actuator and avoiding an off‐line parameter identification. To analyze the observer ability to estimate the disturbances, we test three different algorithms in the controller block, the standard PD and two discontinuous controllers proposed elsewhere. The performance of the closed loop system is evaluated through experimental results using a performance index based on an
norm, for constants and sinusoidal references. Also, we compare the performance of the proposed algorithms with the controllers with those using the same control algorithm but not including the disturbance compensation, showing the important effect of the disturbance estimation included in the ADRCS on the overall controller performance.
Exponential stability of output‐based event‐triggered control for switched singular systems
Authors: Feng Nana , Wu Baowei , Liu Lili , Wang Yue‐E 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the exponential stability of output‐based event‐triggered control for switched singular systems. An event‐triggered mechanism is introduced based on measure output, by employing the Lyapunov functional method and average dwell time approach, some sufficient conditions for exponential stability of the switched singular closed‐loop systems are derived. Furthermore, dynamic output feedback controller parameters are obtained. Lastly, a numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed solutions.
Cost-effectiveness of targeted screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in siblings
Authors: Hultgren R , Linné A , Svensjö S 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Population screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in 65-year-old men has been shown to be cost-effective. A risk group with higher prevalence is siblings of patients with an AAA. This health economic model-based study evaluated the potential cost-effectiveness of targeted AAA screening of siblings.

Methods
A Markov model validated against other screening programmes was used. Two methods of identifying siblings were analysed: direct questioning of patients with an AAA (method A), and employing a national multigeneration register (method B). The prevalence was based on observed ultrasound data on AAAs in siblings. Additional parameters were extracted from RCTs, vascular registers, literature and ongoing screening. The outcome was cost-effectiveness, probability of cost-effectiveness at different willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds, reduction in AAA death, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained and total costs on a national scale.

Results
Methods A and B were estimated to reduce mortality from AAA, at incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of €7800 (95 per cent c.i. 4627 to 12 982) and €7666 (5000 to 13 373) per QALY respectively. The probability of cost-effectiveness was 99 per cent at a WTP of €23 000. The absolute risk reduction in AAA deaths was five per 1000 invited. QALYs gained were 27 per 1000 invited. In a population of ten million, methods A and B were estimated to prevent 12 and 17 AAA deaths, among 2418 and 3572 siblings identified annually, at total costs of €499 500 and €728 700 respectively.

Conclusion
The analysis indicates that aneurysm-related mortality could be decreased cost-effectively by applying a targeted screening method for siblings of patients with an AAA.
Comprehensive studies on optimization of cellulase and xylanase production by a local indigenous fungus strain via solid state fermentation using oil palm frond as substrate
Authors: Tai Wan Yi , Tan Joo Shun , Lim Vuanghao , Lee Chee Keong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe high cost of cellulases remains the most significant barrier to the economical production of bio‐ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. The goal of this study was to optimize cellulases and xylanase production by a local indigenous fungus strain (Aspergillus niger DWA8) using agricultural waste (oil palm frond [OPF]) as substrate. The enzyme production profile before optimization indicated that the highest carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCase), filter paper (FPase), and xylanase activities of 1.06 U/g, 2.55 U/g, and 2.93 U/g were obtained on day 5, day 4, and day 5 of fermentation, respectively. Response surface methodology was used to study the effects of several key process parameters in order to optimize cellulase production. Of the five physical and two chemical factors tested, only moisture content of 75% (w/w) and substrate amount of 2.5 g had statistically significant effect on enzymes production. Under optimized conditions of 2.5 g of substrate, 75% (w/w) moisture content, initial medium of pH 4.5, 1 × 106 spores/mL of inoculum, and incubation at ambient temperature (±30°C) without additional carbon and nitrogen, the highest CMCase, FPase, and xylanase activities obtained were 2.38 U/g, 2.47 U/g, and 5.23 U/g, respectively. Thus, the optimization process increased CMCase and xylanase production by 124.5 and 78.5%, respectively. Moreover, A. niger DWA8 produced reasonably good cellulase and xylanase titers using OPF as the substrate when compared with previous researcher finding. The enzymes produced by this process could be further use to hydrolyze biomass to generate reducing sugars, which are the feedstock for bioethanol production.
Intracoronary recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in an infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and complete left main coronary artery thrombosis
Authors: Mohammad Nijres Bassel , Huntington John H. , Baliulis Giedrius , Vettukattil Joseph J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) presented with complete heart block and severe myocardial dysfunction requiring ECMO support due to complete left main coronary artery (LMCA) thrombosis. Current guidelines for managing coronary artery thrombosis in infants with single ventricle physiology are inadequate. We describe successful LMCA and branch recanalization via intra coronary infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and discuss management of acute coronary thrombosis in children with single ventricle physiology.
Activated carbon impregnation with ag and cu composed nanoparticles for escherichia coli contaminated water treatment
Authors: Arakawa Flávia Sayuri , Shimabuku‐Biadola Quelen Letícia , de Lima Bazana Simone , Silva Marcela Fernandes , de Abreu Filho Benício Alves , Bergamasco Rosangela 
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to produce modified granular activated carbon (GAC) by low concentrations of silver (Ag) and/or copper (Cu) nanoparticles with antibacterial capacity for application in water purification. Modified porous materials were produced from the vacuum impregnation method, at the concentrations (mass of metal/mass of activated carbon) of Ag 8 x 10−4 g/g (Ag 0.08 %), Cu 1 x 10−2 g/g (Cu 1 %), and Ag 8 x 10−4 g/g + Cu 1 x 10−2 g/g (Ag 0.08 % Cu 1 %). The reduction of the metal salts in NPs of Ag and Cu in their metallic forms or oxides was carried out by the thermal decomposition method. The characterization of the produced porous material was performed by x‐ray diffraction, programmed temperature reduction, scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray dispersive energy spectroscopy, electron transmission microscopy, and specific surface area measurements: Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller; micropore area (t method); pore size distribution (DA method); and volume and diameter of micropores (HK method) and mesopores (BJH method). In the structure of the material produced, Ag and Cu metal compounds and AgO and CuO oxides were identified, with average crystallite sizes of < 60 nm. The efficiency of the inactivation of Escherichia coli was more significant in the GAC modified with the combination of NPs (GAC/NP‐AgCu) (6.4 log
10 units), evidencing the synergistic effect of the metals when compared to GAC/NP‐Ag (0.56 log10 units) and GAC/NP‐Cu (1.31 log10 units) modified porous material. Thus, these antibacterial materials can be used for application in water purification, improving the bacteriological quality of water intended for human consumption, noting that the low concentration of metals used can provide exceptional process efficiency.
Fabrication of hydrophobic cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Baatti Abdessamad , Erchiqui Fouad , Bébin Philippe , Godard François , Bussières Denis 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAn environmentally friendly procedure for the chemical modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), obtained from pine wood, was developed to manufacture hydrophobic CNCs. In comparison to other methods, this procedure has the particularity of producing a hydrophobic CNC in a single step, without using organic solvents while using MTMS as a precursor. CNCs were successfully dispersed in water, and the NMR technique was used to study the hydrolysis reaction of the MTMS in water before the surface modification of the CNCs. After 24 h of the modification reaction, the spray‐drying method was used to produce a dry powder of modified CNCs. The obtained hydrophobic CNCs were characterized by several techniques. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the covalent bonds between the MTMS and CNCs as well as the formation of nanostructured polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) on the surface of the CNCs. XPS spectroscopy examined the presence of Si atoms of the MTMS on the surface of the CNCs. XRD detected the presence of a crystalline structure of PMSQ on the surface of the CNCs and confirmed the preservation of the CNCs crystal after the modification operation. The morphology study using SEM, AFM, and TEM techniques confirmed the presence of nanostructured PMSQ on the surfaces of modified CNCs. The hydrophobic CNCs showed a significant increase in water contact angle (110°) compared to that of unmodified CNCs (43°). This new way of modifying CNCs can produce hydrophobic CNCs with potential for dispersion in non‐polar polymers for the formulation of new nanocomposites.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3(4H)‐one Analogues as Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Thymidylate Synthase X
Authors: Modranka Jakub , Li Jiahong , Parchina Anastasia , Vanmeert Michiel , Dumbre Shrinivas , Salman Mayla , Myllykallio Hannu , Becker Hubert F. , Vanhoutte Roeland , Margamuljana Lia , Nguyen Hoai , Abu El‐Asrar Rania , Rozenski Jef , Herdewijn Piet , De Jonghe Steven , Lescrinier Eveline 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSince the discovery of a flavin‐dependent thymidylate synthase (ThyX or FDTS) that is absent in humans but crucial for DNA biosynthesis in a diverse group of pathogens, the enzyme has been pursued for the development of new antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of the widespread infectious disease tuberculosis (TB). In response to a growing need for more effective anti‐TB drugs, we have built upon our previous screening efforts and report herein an optimization campaign of a novel series of inhibitors with a unique inhibition profile. The inhibitors display competitive inhibition toward the methylene tetrahydrofolate cofactor of ThyX, enabling us to generate a model of the compounds bound to their target, thus offering insight into their structure–activity relationships.
Secure logging scheme for forensic analysis in cloud
Authors: Sree Thankaraja Raja , Bhanu Somasundaram Mary Saira 
Published: January 2019

SummaryCloud computing has emerged as a prominent technology that provides reliable on‐demand cloud services to users. Among the various kind of attacks, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is one of the major application layer attacks that target the resources and services running in the cloud. Due to the distributed nature of attacks or crimes in the cloud, the evidence are collected from various components such as the router, switches, hard disk, log traces, and virtual machines. An attacker may collude with the cloud provider or investigators to tamper the log files or by inserting false information or by deleting the malicious activity logs altogether by leaving no trace. Hence, security is the major concern in cloud wherein investigation of crimes and attacks are very difficult. Collecting logs from the cloud providers is very hard since many users share the same network resources and the investigators rely on the providers to access the information. Therefore, in order to preserve the confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of logs, secure logging scheme is proposed to preserve the logs for forensic investigation. This paper highlights the secure logging scheme by extracting the features from logs of all virtual machine instances by double encryption scheme and also deals the integrity of the logs using hashing and verifies the signatures using Bloom filter–based R tree (BR tree). Furthermore, the verification is performed using Shamir Secret Sharing (SSS) scheme, and it is responsible for sharing the secret (private) keys to all the three parties, ie, user, investigator, and cloud providers. It is inferred from the experimental results that the proposed scheme requires minimal log processing time, minimal verification time for inserting logs, stores logs in time, and space efficient manner and scalable than existing methods.
pI Determination of Native Proteins In Biological Samples
Authors: Ganapathy‐Kanniappan Shanmugasundaram 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe electrophoretic mobility of a protein on an immobilized pH‐gradient gel (IPG) depends upon its overall positive (acidic) or negative (basic) charge, the principle underlying the IEF technique. In isoelectrofocusing (IEF), a protein with a net positive or negative charge migrates through the pH gradient gel until it reaches the isoelectric point (pI), a pH at which it remains neutral. Thus, the pI of a protein indicates its net charge, a critical determinant of its stability/activity in a given milieu. Conventionally, the first‐dimensional IPG‐IEF is followed by a second dimension, by which the focused proteins are denatured/reduced and resolved on an SDS‐PAGE gel for subsequent immunoblotting to verify the protein identity. The recent development of one‐dimensional, vertical IEF followed by immunoblotting enabled concurrent analysis (pI determination) of multiple samples. The protocol described here outlines vertical IEF and immunoblotting under non‐denaturing conditions to determine the pI of native proteins in biological samples. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.