bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medico-Legal Implications of Video Recording Patient-Provider Communication
Authors: Naeem Komal , Bhargava Malika , Porter Randall W 
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Recording patient-physician communication improves recall of medical information by patients, strengthens trust between the patient and physician, and results in higher satisfaction rates among patients and their family members. Despite being an efficient and cost-effective tool for better healthcare provision, its use has been limited due to the presumed concerns regarding unfavorable medico-legal consequences.

METHODS:
We started video recording clinical visits in 2009. The password protected video is uploaded on the internet and can only be accessed by the patient and relevant healthcare personnel. Patients can easily re-watch the video and can share it with their family.

RESULTS:
In past 10 yr, around 40 000 clinical encounters have been recorded. There has not been any malpractice claims (settled/paid) against the physicians in the meanwhile. The video recordings can serve as the evidence in the court room where jury and judge are biased towards the patients’ account as opposed to physicians’ because of presumed better recalling of patient about their unique clinic visit as compared to physician who sees multiple patients during the day. In 38 (76%) states it is legal to record the conversation as long as at least one party consents, hence if a patient records the entire visit without informing the physician, they are not liable legally. With recent technology it is not possible to limit the surreptitious recording of the clinic visit by patient hence the solution lies with the physician. The provision of this facility by health care personnel makes the entire process more organized so patients and physicians both find it beneficial without the violation of privacy and confidentiality.

CONCLUSION:
We report that the video recording of patient-physician encounter does not increase the risk of malpractice lawsuits, as it was feared earlier. In the contrary, it helps with the development of trustworthy relationship between the patient and the doctor.
Perspectives of United States–Based Infectious Diseases Physicians on Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Practice
Authors: Hamad Yasir , Lane Michael A , Beekmann Susan E , Polgreen Philip M , Keller Sara C 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is generally considered safe, patients are at risk for complications and thus require close monitoring. The purpose of this study is to determine how OPAT programs are structured and how United States–based infectious diseases (ID) physicians perceive barriers to safe OPAT care.MethodsWe queried members of the Emerging Infections Network (EIN) between November and December 2018 about practice patterns and barriers to providing OPAT.ResultsA total of 672 members of the EIN (50%) responded to the survey. Seventy-five percent of respondents were actively involved in OPAT, although only 37% of respondents reported that ID consultation was mandatory for OPAT. The most common location for OPAT care was at home with home health support, followed by post–acute care facilities. Outpatient and inpatient ID physicians were identified as being responsible for monitoring laboratory results (73% and 54% of respondents, respectively), but only 36% had a formal OPAT program. The majority of respondents reported a lack of support in data analysis (80%), information technology (66%), financial assistance (65%), and administrative assistance (60%). The perceived amount of support did not differ significantly across employment models. Inability to access laboratory results in a timely manner, lack of leadership awareness of OPAT value, and failure to communicate with other providers administering OPAT were reported as the most challenging aspects of OPAT care.ConclusionsID providers were highly involved in OPAT, but only one-third of respondents had a dedicated OPAT program. Lack of financial and institutional support were perceived as significant barriers to providing safe OPAT care.
Loan Officer Incentives, Internal Rating Models, and Default Rates*
Authors: Berg Tobias , Puri Manju , Rocholl Jörg 
Published: August 2019

AbstractManipulation of hard information has been at the center of a wave of investigations into fraudulent bank behavior, such as mis-selling of mortgages and rigging of London Interbank Offered Rate and Foreign Exchange rates. Despite these prominent cases, little is known as to why employees manipulate hard information. Using almost a quarter million retail loan applications, we show that loan officers who face volume-based incentives significantly manipulate ratings even in settings where ratings are computed using hard information only. Manipulation is widespread across loan officers, with low-performing loan officers manipulating more toward the end of the year. These incentives have a first-order effect on bank profitability, reducing return on equity by 1.5 percentage points. We conclude that reliance on hard information does not overcome loan officer agency problems, and it is important for banks and regulators to take manipulation of hard information into account when using hard information for risk assessment and regulation.
RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HYDROXYL RADICAL SCAVENGERS ON PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS UNDER VARIOUS GAMMA IRRADIATION CONDITIONS
Authors: Ondrák Lukáš , Vachelová Jana , Davídková Marie , Neužilová Barbora , Čuba Václav , Múčka Viliam 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The influence of various hydroxyl radical scavengers such as methanol, ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide on radiation sensitivity of prokaryotic cells (bacteria Escherichia coli) and eukaryotic cells (yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and V79 cells—Chinese hamster pulmonary fibroblasts) irradiated by 60Co gamma radiation was investigated. The dependence of radiation sensitivity on dose rate in range from 1.8 to 100 Gy h−1 was evaluated. Survival of cells irradiated by increasing dose rates was followed using clonogenic assay. Specific protective effect was found to be a nonmonotonous function of dose rate with typical maximum at the dose rate range from 50 to 55 Gy h−1 in all studied cell types.
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Knowledge and Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in a Small Metropolitan Region of the Southeastern United States
Authors: Griffin James A. , Eldridge-Smith Elizabeth D. , Yohannan Jiby , Stepleman Lara M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) in the southeastern United States continue to be at high risk for HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provides effective prevention, but PrEP awareness varies across communities. We assessed sexual risk, HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing history, health care experiences associated with PrEP awareness, provider discussions, and PrEP use in a sample of 164 MSM in the Central Savannah River Area of the South. Results revealed that 80.5% of participants were aware of PrEP, 16.4% had discussed PrEP with a provider, and 9.2% had used PrEP. Education, gay identity, HIV status, recent HIV testing, and lack of provider awareness about sexual minorities independently predicted PrEP awareness. Recent STI testing independently predicted increased odds of PrEP discussion. Recent HIV and STI testing and non-White identity were associated with PrEP use. Effective, tailored marketing, provider competence, and open communication can increase PrEP adoption by southern MSM.
HIV-Related Stigma Among People Living With HIV in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, China
Authors: Yang Hui , Xie Xia , Nie Anliu , Yin Yao , Wang Huan , Chen Hong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
HIV-related stigma is a worldwide phenomenon that can lead to a series of negative outcomes. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of HIV-related stigma and its associated factors among people living with HIV in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, China. A cross-sectional study was performed between September and December 2017. A total of 318 participants were included. The mean participant score on the Berger HIV Stigma Scale was 105.13 (SD = 21.58), showing a moderate level of stigma. In multivariable regression analysis, HIV-related stigma was more severe for participants with no religious beliefs, a shorter period since HIV diagnosis, nondisclosure of HIV status to sexual partners or friends, more affective support, and less emotional/information support. To reduce HIV-related stigma, health care providers should draw more attention to targeted interventions to assist those who may have a greater risk of stigma.
Mimicking nature-made beta cells: recent advances towards stem cell-derived islets
Authors: Tremmel Daniel M. , Mitchell Samantha A. , Sackett Sara D. , Odorico Jon S. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Stem cell-derived islets are likely to be useful as a future treatment for diabetes. However, the field has been limited in the ability to generate β-like cells with both phenotypic maturation and functional glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that is similar to primary human islets. The field must also establish a reliable method of delivering the cells to patients while promoting rapid in-vivo engraftment and function. Overcoming these barriers to β cell differentiation and transplantation will be key to bring this therapy to the clinic.

Recent findings
The ability to generate stem cell-derived β-like cells capable of dynamic glucose-responsive insulin secretion, as well as β-like cells expressing key maturation genes has recently been demonstrated by several groups. Other groups have explored the potential of vascularized subcutaneous transplant sites, as well as endothelial cell co-transplant to support β cell survival and function following transplantation.

Summary
The generation of stem cell-derived islets with dynamic glucose-responsive insulin secretion has brought the field closer to clinical translation, but there is still need for improving insulin content and secretory capacity, as well as understanding the factors affecting variable consistency and heterogeneity of the islet-like clusters. Other questions remain regarding how to address safety, immunogenicity and transplantation site moving forward.
Decoding the porcine developing spatial processing system and production of human entorhinal stellate cell-like cells by a direct programming approach
Authors: Bergmann Tobias , Liu Yong , Mogus Leo , Lee Julie , Pfisterer Ulrich , Handfield Louis-Francois , Asenjo-Martinez Andrea , Lisa-Vargas Irene , Seemann Stefan E , Hang Lee Jimmy Tsz , Patikas Nikolaos , Kornum Birgitte Rahbek , Denham Mark , Hyttel Poul , Witter Menno P , Gorodkin Jan , Pers Tune H , Hemberg Martin , Khodosevich Konstantin , Hall Vanessa Jane 
Published: August 2019

AbstractClassic studies investigating how and when the entorhinal cortex (component of the memory processing system of the brain) develops have been based on traditional thymidine autoradiography and histological techniques. In this study, we take advantage of modern technologies to trace at a high resolution, the cellular complexity of the developing porcine medial entorhinal cortex by using single-cell profiling. The postnatal medial entorhinal cortex comprises 4 interneuron, 3 pyramidal neuron and 2 stellate cell populations which emerge from intermediate progenitor and immature neuron populations. We discover four MGE-derived interneurons and one CGE-derived interneuron population as well as several IN progenitors. We also identify two oligodendrocyte progenitor populations and three populations of oligodendrocytes. We perform a proof-of-concept experiment demonstrating that porcine scRNA-seq data can be used to develop novel protocols for producing human entorhinal cells in-vitro. We identified six transcription factors (RUNX1A1, SOX5, FOXP1, MEF2C, TCF4, EYA2) important in neurodevelopment and differentiation from oneRELN+ stellate cell population. Using a lentiviral vector approach, we reprogrammed human induced pluripotent stem cells into stellate cell-like cells which expressedRELN, SATB2, LEF1and BCL11B. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the formation of the brain’s cognitive memory and spatial processing system and provides proof-of-concept for the production of entorhinal cells from human pluripotent stem cells in-vitro.
Deconstructing glucose-mediated catabolite repression of thelacoperon ofEscherichia coli: I. Inducer exclusion, by itself, cannot account for the repression
Authors: Aggarwal Ritesh K. , Narang Atul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThelacoperon ofEscherichia coliis repressed several 100-fold in the presence of glucose. This repression has been attributed to CRP-mediated transcriptional inhibition and EIIAGlc-mediated inducer exclusion. The growing evidence against the first mechanism has led to the postulate that the repression is driven by inducer exclusion. The literature shows that in fully induced cells, inducer exclusion reduces the permease activity only 2-fold. However, it is conceivable that inducer exclusion drastically reduces the permease activity in partially induced cells. We measured the decline of lactose permease activity due to inducer exclusion in partially induced cells, but found that the permease activity decreased no more than 6-fold. We show that the repression is small because these experiments are performed in the presence of chloramphenicol. Indeed, when glucose is added to a culture growing on glycerol and TMG, but no chloramphenicol,lacis repressed 900-fold. This repression is primarily due to reversal of the positive feedback loop, i.e., the decline of the intracellular TMG level leads to a lower permease level, which reduces the intracellular TMG level even further. The repression in the absence of chloramphenicol is therefore primarily due to positive feedback, which does not exist during measurements of inducer exclusion.
Mitochondrial sequences or Numts – By-catch differs between sequencing methods
Authors: Becher Hannes , Nichols Richard A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNuclear inserts derived from mitochondrial DNA (Numts) encode valuable information. Being mostly non-functional, and accumulating mutations more slowly than mitochondrial sequence, they act like molecular fossils – they preserve information on the ancestral sequences of the mitochondrial DNA. In addition, changes to the Numt sequence since their insertion into the nuclear genome carry information about the nuclear phylogeny. These attributes cannot be reliably exploited if Numt sequence is confused with the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). The analysis of mtDNA would be similarly compromised by any confusion, for example producing misleading results in DNA barcoding that used mtDNA sequence. We propose a method to distinguish Numts from mtDNA, without the need for comprehensive assembly of the nuclear genome or the physical separation of organelles and nuclei. It exploits the different biases of long and short-read sequencing. We find that short-read data yield mainly mtDNA sequences, whereas long-read sequencing strongly enriches for Numt sequences. We demonstrate the method using genome-skimming (coverage < 1x) data obtained on Illumina short-read and PacBio long-read technology from DNA extracted from six grasshopper individuals. The mitochondrial genome sequences were assembled from the short-read data despite the presence of Numts. The PacBio data contained a much higher proportion of Numt reads (over 16-fold), making us caution against the use of long-read methods for studies using mitochondrial loci. We obtained two estimates of the genomic proportion of Numts. Finally, we introduce “tangle plots”, a way of visualising Numt structural rearrangements and comparing them between samples.
Mice Lacking FXR Are Susceptible to Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Li Yuxin , Xu Rui , Rao Prahlad K. , Gomes Charles K , Moran E. Richard , Puchowicz Michelle , Chang Eugene B. , Yin Deng Ping , Pierre Joseph F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractActivation of bile acid (BA) receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been shown to inhibit inflammatory responses and improve tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This study investigated the effect of FXR deficiency on liver IRI, using a liver warm IRI mouse model. We demonstrate that liver IRI resulted in decreased FXR expression in the liver of WT mice. FXR-/-mice displayed greater liver damage and inflammatory responses than WT mice, characterized by significant increases in liver weight, serum AST and ALT, hepatocyte apoptosis and liver inflammatory cytokines. Liver IRI increased expression of X box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and FGF21 in WT liver, but not in FXR-/-liver, which conversely increased CHOP expression, suggesting a loss of ER stress protection in the absence of FXR. FXR deficiency increased circulating total BAs and altered BA composition with reduced TUDCA and hepatic BA synthesis markers. FXR deficiency also reshaped gut microbiota composition with increased Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and decreased Firmicutes. Curiously, Bacteroidetes were positively and Firmicutes were negatively correlated with serum ALT levels. Administration of FXR agonist CDCA inhibited NF-κB activity and TNFα expressionin vitroand improved liver IRIin vivo. Our findings demonstrate that FXR signaling plays an important role in the modulation of liver IRI.
Effects of breed, management and personality on cortisol reactivity in sport horses
Authors: Sauer Fay J. , Hermann Marco , Ramseyer Alessandra , Burger Dominik , Riemer Stefanie , Gerber Vinzenz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSport horses need to fulfill high physical and psychological requirements during training and competition. These as well as certain conditions of modern husbandry may affect their wellbeing. Here we aimed to (1) evaluate effects of demographic and management factors as well as personality traits on stress reactivity of sport horses, (2) investigate if elite sport horses have elevated stress levels compared to amateur sport horses, and (3) assess whether different equestrian disciplines differentially influence horses’ adrenal cortex responsiveness. For this purpose, we visited 149 healthy elite (n=94) and amateur (n=54) sport horses in Switzerland and performed an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. Additionally, a person who was familiar with the horse completed a questionnaire about demographic and management factors and horses’ personality traits. Linear models were calculated to assess associations between the questionnaire data and salivary cortisol 60 and 90 minutes after ACTH stimulation. While the model at T90 was not significant, post-stimulatory cortisol after 60 min appears most informative in line with a previous study and was significantly affected by the horses’ breed and by three management factors: “number of riders”, “hours spent outside” and “group housing” (adjusted r2=15%, p<0.001). Thoroughbred and Warmblood horses displayed an increased adrenal response compared to Franches-Montagnes horses. Horses with several riders had a less pronounced reaction than horses with one rider, and horses that spent more time outside had a decreased response compared to horses that were stabled most of the time. Horses living in groups showed higher post-stimulatory cortisol values than horses that were housed singly. However, no significant associations of cortisol responsiveness with personality traits were found, and neither the horses’ use as elite or as amateur sport horses nor the discipline had an effect on the cortisol response. This suggests that optimizing husbandry conditions may be more important for improving horses’ welfare than changing their use.
High circulating elafin levels are associated with Crohn’s disease-associated intestinal strictures
Authors: Wang Jiani , Ortiz Christina , Fontenot Lindsey , Xie Ying , Ho Wendy , Mattai S. Anjani , Shih David Q , Koon Hon Wai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveNearly 33% of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients develop intestinal strictures. Antimicrobial peptide or protein expression is associated with disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Circulating blood cells and intestine of IBD patients have abnormal expression of elafin, a human elastase-specific protease inhibitor and antimicrobial peptide. However, the association between elafin and CD-associated intestinal stricture is unknown. We hypothesize the elafin expression in stricturing CD patients is abnormal. We determined the expression of elafin in blood, intestine, and mesenteric fat in IBD patients.MethodsHuman colonic and mesenteric fat tissues and serum samples were collected from the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and UCLA, respectively.ResultsHigh serum elafin levels were associated with a significantly elevated risk of intestinal stricture in CD patients. Machine learning algorithm using serum elafin levels and clinical data identified stricturing CD patients with high accuracy. Serum elafin levels had weak positive correlation with clinical disease activity (Partial Mayo Score and Harvey Bradshaw Index) in IBD patients. Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients had high serum elafin levels, but the increase was not associated with endoscopic Mayo score. Colonic elafin mRNA and protein expression were not associated with clinical disease activity in IBD patients, while stricturing CD patients had low colonic elafin expression. Mesenteric fat in stricturing CD patients had significantly increased elafin mRNA expression, which may contribute to high circulating elafin level.ConclusionHigh serum elafin levels and adipose elafin expression are associated with intestinal strictures, which may help identify intestinal strictures in CD patients.