bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural water and carbon footprint driving mechanisms at the household scale in North China Plain
Authors: Wang Pengxiang , Chen Xiuzhi , Shi Ze , Kasmu Xiaokaitijiang , Li Yunkai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe North China Plain (NCP) is dominated by intensive household agriculture, and household plays a decisive role in agricultural development. Studying the factors of agricultural water consumption and carbon emissions at the household scale can help solve the problems of agricultural water scarcity and greenhouse gases excessive emissions. This study investigates the agricultural production scenarios of 590 households in the NCP and calculates the household's agricultural water footprint (WF) and carbon footprint (CF). The driving mechanisms of the WF and CF are analysed by a two‐layer, multilevel linear statistical model. The results show that agricultural production conditions will affect a household's WF and CF; family labour and the economy will affect a user's willingness to adopt agricultural water‐saving technology. The results of this study can serve as a reference for the sustainable management of groundwater resources and emissions reductions.
Multiple resistance of Papaver rhoeas L. to 2,4‐D and acetolactate synthase inhibitors in four European countries
Authors: Kati V , Scarabel L , Thiery‐Lanfranchi D , Kioleoglou V , Liberopoulou S , Délye C 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe issue of cross‐ or multiple resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors and the auxinic herbicide 2,4‐D was investigated in Papaver rhoeas L., a common and troublesome weed in winter cereals, in a broad‐scale study across four European countries. A combination of herbicide sensitivity bioassays and molecular assays targeting mutations involved in resistance was conducted on 27 populations of P. rhoeas originating from Greece (9), Italy (5), France (10) and Spain (3). Plants resistant to the field rate of 2,4‐D were observed in 25 of the 27 populations assayed, in frequencies ranging from 5% to 85%. Plants resistant to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides (sulfonylureas) were present in 24 of the 27 populations, in frequencies ranging from 4% to 100%. Plants resistant to 2,4‐D co‐occurred with plants resistant to sulfonylureas in 23 populations. In four of these, the probability of presence of plants with cross‐ or multiple resistance to 2,4‐D and sulfonylureas was higher than 0.5. ALS genotyping of plants from the field populations or of their progenies, identified ALS alleles carrying a mutation at codon Pro197 or Trp574 in 2,4‐D‐sensitive and in 2,4‐D‐resistant plants. The latter case confirmed multiple resistance to 2,4‐D and ALS inhibitors at the level of individual plants in all four countries investigated. This study is the first to identify individual plants with multiple resistance in P. rhoeas, an attribute rarely assessed in other weed species, but one with significant implications in designing chemical control strategies.
Are Movement Behaviors and Fundamental Motor Skills Associated With Fitness and Fatness in Early Childhood? Findings From the 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Gu Xiangli , Zhang Tao , Caçola Priscila , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: Using 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) National Youth Fitness Survey data, the authors conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis to examine the associations of movement behaviors (ie, physical activity [PA] and screen-based sedentary behaviors) and fundamental motor skills (FMS) with fitness (ie, muscular fitness) and fatness (ie, body mass index and waist circumference) in 3- to 5-year-old children. The effect of ethnicity (Hispanic vs non-Hispanic) on these associations was also examined. Methods: A total of 352 children (173 girls; mean age = 4.02 y) from the 2012 NHANES data set were included. Parents reported their child’s PA and screen-based sedentary behaviors. FMS (ie, locomotor and object control) were assessed with the Test of Gross Motor Development, 2nd edition. Other variables used were body mass index, waist circumference, and plank. Results: Hispanic children demonstrated lower levels of PA than non-Hispanic children (P < .05). Children’s FMS emerged as significant predictors of muscular fitness and waist circumference, but not for body mass index in the Hispanic group. In the non-Hispanic group, FMS (ie, object control skills) and PA accounted for significant variances of muscular fitness and waist circumference, respectively. Conclusion: The associations of movement behaviors and FMS with fitness and fatness are different between Hispanic and non-Hispanic young children. Changes in policy or early childhood curriculum may be tailed to promote FMS for an impact on fitness and fatness in both Hispanic and non-Hispanic children.
Starting school: educational development as a function of age of entry and prematurity
Authors: Pettinger Katherine J , Kelly Brian , Sheldon Trevor A , Mon-Williams Mark , Wright John , Hill Liam J B 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate the impact on early development of prematurity and summer birth and the potential ‘double disadvantage’ created by starting school a year earlier than anticipated during pregnancy, due to being born preterm.Design, setting and patientsWe investigated the impact of gestational and school-entry age on the likelihood of failing to achieve a ‘Good Level of Development’ (GLD) on the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile in 5-year-old children born moderate-to-late preterm using data from the Born in Bradford longitudinal birth cohort. We used hierarchical logistic regression to control for chronological maturity, and perinatal and socioeconomic factors.ResultsGestational age and school-entry age were significant predictors of attaining a GLD in the 10 337 children who entered school in the correct academic year given their estimated date of delivery. The odds of not attaining a GLD increased by 1.09 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.11) for each successive week born early and by 1.17 for each month younger within the year group (95% CI 1.16 to 1.18). There was no interaction between these two effects. Children starting school a year earlier than anticipated during pregnancy were less likely to achieve a GLD compared with (1) other children born preterm (fully adjusted OR 5.51 (2.85–14.25)); (2) term summer births (3.02 (1.49–6.79)); and (3) preterm summer births who remained within their anticipated school-entry year (3.64 (1.27–11.48)).ConclusionsThese results confirm the developmental risks faced by children born moderate-to-late preterm, and—for the first time—illustrate the increased risk associated with ‘double disadvantage’.
Anaesthesia use in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Li Ka Hou Christien , Sang Tian , Chan Cheng , Gong Mengqi , Liu Yingzhi , Jesuthasan Aaron , Li Guangping , Liu Tong , Lam Michael H S , Wu William KK , Chan Matthew T V , Liu Fang-zhou , Chen Cheng , Ho Jeffery , Xia Yunlong , Tse Gary 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThis meta-analysis and systematic review seeks to compare both characteristic parameters and procedural outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation in patients under general anaesthesia (GA)/deep sedation and mild/moderate sedation.BackgroundCatheter ablation has become a widely applied intervention for treating symptomatic AF and arrhythmias that are refractory to medical therapy. It can be conducted through from mild sedation to GA.MethodsPubMed and Embase were searched up to July 2018 for randomised controlled trials, cohort and observational studies that assessed the outcomes of catheter ablation under GA/deep sedation or mild/moderate sedation. Nine studies were included in this meta-analysis after screening with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Heterogeneity between studies and publication bias was evaluated by I2 index and Egger’s regression, respectively.ResultsOur meta-analysis found catheter AF ablation with GA/deep sedation to be associated with reduced risk of recurrence (RR: 0.79, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.13, p=0.20) and complications (RR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.42, p=0.82), though statistically insignificant. In terms of procedural parameters, there was no significant difference between the two groups for both procedural time (SMD: −0.13, 95% CI −0.90 to 0.63, p=0.74) and fluoroscopy time (SMD: −0.41, 95% CI −1.40 to 0.58, p=0.41). Univariate meta-regression did not reveal any covariates as a moderating factor for complication and recurrence risk.ConclusionApart from an increased likelihood of procedural success, ablation by GA/deep sedation was found to be non-significantly different from the mild/moderate sedation approach in both procedural parameters and outcome measures.
‘Metaphyseal dysplasia without hypotrichosis’ can present with late-onset extraskeletal manifestations
Authors: Vakkilainen Svetlana , Costantini Alice , Taskinen Mervi , Wartiovaara-Kautto Ulla , Mäkitie Outi 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundMetaphyseal dysplasia without hypotrichosis (MDWH) is a rare form of chondrodysplasia with no extraskeletal manifestations. MDWH is caused byRMRPmutations, but it is differentiated from the allelic condition cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH), which in addition to chondrodysplasia is characterised by thin hair, immunodeficiency and increased risk of malignancy. The long-term outcome of MDWH remains unknown.ObjectiveWe diagnosed severe agranulocytosis in a subject withRMRPmutations and normal hair. Based on this observation, we hypothesised that MDWH may, similar to CHH, associate with immune deficiency and malignancy.MethodsWe collected clinical and laboratory data for a cohort of 80 patients withRMRPmutations followed for over 30 years and analysed outcome data for those with features consistent with MDWH.ResultsIn our cohort, we identified 10 patients with skeletal but no extraskeletal features during preschool age. Eight of these patients developed malignancy or clinically significant immunodeficiency during follow-up. Two of them died during chemotherapy for malignancy. At the time of the first extraskeletal manifestation, patients were school aged, 20, 43 and 50 years old. Laboratory signs of immunodeficiency (impaired lymphocyte proliferative responses) were demonstrated in four patients before the onset of symptoms. The patient outside this cohort, who hadRMRPmutations, skeletal dysplasia, normal hair and severe agranulocytosis at 18 years of age, underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.ConclusionsMDWH can present with severe late-onset extraskeletal manifestations and thus should be reclassified and managed as CHH.
Feasibility of an ethics and professionalism curriculum for faculty in obstetrics and gynecology: a pilot study
Authors: Hollins Lori-Linell , Wolf Marilena , Mercer Brian , Arora Kavita Shah 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThere have been increased efforts to implement medical ethics curricula at the student and resident levels; however, practising physicians are often left unconsidered. Therefore, we sought to pilot an ethics and professionalism curriculum for faculty in obstetrics and gynaecology to remedy gaps in the formal, informal and hidden curriculum in medical education.MethodsAn ethics curriculum was developed for faculty within the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a tertiary care, academic hospital. During the one-time, 4-hour, mandatory in-person session, the participants voluntarily completed the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, Handoff Clinical Evaluation Exercise, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine and overall course evaluation. Patient satisfaction survey scores in both the hospital and ambulatory settings were compared before and after the curriculum.ResultsTwenty-eight faculty members attended the curriculum. Overall, respondents reported less burnout and performed at the same level or better in terms of patient handoff than the original studies validating the instruments. Faculty rated the professionalism behaviours as well as teaching of professionalism much lower at our institution than the validation study. There was no change in patient satisfaction after the curriculum. However, overall, the course was well received as meeting its objectives, being beneficial and providing new tools to assess professionalism.ConclusionThis pilot study suggests that an ethics curriculum can be developed for practising physicians that is mindful of pragmatic concerns while still meeting its objectives. Further study is needed regarding long term and objective improvements in ethics knowledge, impact on the education of trainees and improvement in the care of patients as a result of a formal curriculum for faculty.
Overall and cause-specific mortality in a cohort of farmers and their spouses
Authors: Shrestha Srishti , Parks Christine G , Keil Alexander P , Umbach David M , Lerro Catherine C , Lynch Charles F , Chen Honglei , Blair Aaron , Koutros Stella , Hofmann Jonathan N , Beane Freeman Laura E , Sandler Dale P 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesLower mortality rates compared with the general population have been reported for Agricultural Health Study (AHS) participants (enrolled 1993–1997) followed through 2007. We extended analysis of mortality among AHS participants (51 502 private pesticide applicators, their 31 867 spouses and 4677 commercial pesticide applicators from North Carolina and Iowa) through 2015 and compared results using several analytical approaches.MethodsWe calculated standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), causal mortality ratios (CMR) and relative SMRs (rSMR) using state-specific mortality rates of the general populations as the referent.ResultsOver the average 16 years of follow-up (1999–2015), 9305 private applicators, 3384 spouses and 415 commercial applicators died. SMRs and CMRs, with expected deaths calculated using the person-time among the cohort and the general population, respectively, indicated lower overall mortality in all study subgroups (SMRs from 0.61 to 0.69 and CMRs from 0.74 to 0.89), although CMRs indicated elevated mortality in private applicators from North Carolina and in ever-smokers. In SMR analyses, there were fewer than expected deaths from many causes, but deaths from some external causes including transportation-related injuries and mechanical forces were elevated in private applicators. CMRs indicated higher than expected deaths from prostate cancer, lymphohaematopoietic cancers, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, and chronic glomerulonephritis in private applicators, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in spouses (from 1.19 to 1.53). rSMR results were generally elevated, similar to CMR findings.ConclusionsAHS participants experienced lower overall mortality than the general population.Mortality from a few specific causes was increased in private applicators, specifically when CMR and rSMR approaches were used.
Role of asbestos clearance in explaining long-term risk of pleural and peritoneal cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Barone-Adesi Francesco , Ferrante Daniela , Chellini Elisabetta , Merler Enzo , Pavone Venere , Silvestri Stefano , Miligi Lucia , Gorini Giuseppe , Bressan Vittoria , Girardi Paolo , Ancona Laura , Romeo Elisa , Luberto Ferdinando , Sala Orietta , Scarnato Corrado , Menegozzo Simona , Oddone Enrico , Tunesi Sara , Perticaroli Patrizia , Pettinari Aldo , Cuccaro Francesco , Curti Stefania , Baldassarre Antonio , Cena Tiziana , Angelini Alessia , Marinaccio Alessandro , Mirabelli Dario , Musti Marina , Pirastu Roberta , Ranucci Alessandra , Magnani Corrado 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesModels based on the multistage theory of cancer predict that rates of malignant mesothelioma continuously increase with time since first exposure (TSFE) to asbestos, even after the end of external exposure. However, recent epidemiological studies suggest that mesothelioma rates level off many years after first exposure to asbestos. A gradual clearance of asbestos from the lungs has been suggested as a possible explanation for this phenomenon. We analysed long-term trends of pleural and peritoneal cancer mortality in subjects exposed to asbestos to evaluate whether such trends were consistent with the clearance hypothesis.MethodsWe used data from a pool of 43 Italian asbestos cohorts (51 801 subjects). The role of asbestos clearance was explored using the traditional mesothelioma multistage model, generalised to include a term representing elimination of fibres over time.ResultsRates of pleural cancer increased until 40 years of TSFE, but remained stable thereafter. On the other hand, we observed a monotonic increase of peritoneal cancer with TSFE. The model taking into account asbestos clearance fitted the data better than the traditional one for pleural (p=0.004) but not for peritoneal (p=0.09) cancer.ConclusionsRates of pleural cancer do not increase indefinitely after the exposure to asbestos, but eventually reach a plateau. This trend is well described by a model accounting for a gradual elimination of the asbestos fibres. These results are relevant for the prediction of future rates of mesothelioma and in asbestos litigations.
Residential sources of pesticide exposure during pregnancy and the risks of hypospadias and cryptorchidism: the French ELFE birth cohort
Authors: Cognez Noriane , Warembourg Charline , Zaros Cécile , Metten Marie-Astrid , Bouvier Ghislaine , Garlantézec Ronan , Charles Marie-Aline , Béranger Rémi , Chevrier Cécile 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesPrenatal occupational exposure to pesticides has been associated with male reproductive tract abnormalities. Little is known about the possible impact of non-occupational pesticide exposure on fetal and child development in the general population. Using data from a nationwide birth cohort, we aimed to assess the association between residential sources of prenatal pesticide exposure and the risks of hypospadias and cryptorchidism.MethodsOf the 9281 boys in ELFE (French Longitudinal Study of Children), the national French birth cohort, 53 were diagnosed with hypospadias and 137 with cryptorchidism. We assessed residential exposure sources from self-reported domestic use of eight types of pesticide products and French spatial land use data with acreage within a 1000 m radius around each family’s home for 21 crop types. We used logistic regression modelling, adjusted for possible confounders that included estimated dietary pesticide intake. Multiple imputations were used to handle missing data.ResultsAn increased risk of hypospadias was associated with domestic pesticide use against fleas and ticks (OR=2.28, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.75); no associations were found between cryptorchidism and any domestic pesticide use. Slightly increased risks of cryptorchidism were observed in association with all crop acreages near homes during pregnancy, especially for orchards, and no association was observed for hypospadias.ConclusionsOur results suggest a possible increased risk of hypospadias associated with prenatal use of some domestic pesticide products, likely to contain insecticides, and of cryptorchidism with nearby orchard acreage (crops repeatedly sprayed with pesticides). This work is limited by its modest number of cases.
Associations of objectively measured forward bending at work with low-back pain intensity: a 2-year follow-up of construction and healthcare workers
Authors: Lunde Lars-Kristian , Koch Markus , Merkus Suzanne Lerato , Knardahl Stein , Wærsted Morten , Veiersted Kaj Bo 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine possible associations between objectively measured forward bending at work (FBW) and low-back pain intensity (LBPi) among Norwegian construction and healthcare workers.MethodsOne-hundred and twenty-five workers wore two accelerometers for 3–4 consecutive days, during work and leisure to establish duration of ≥30° and ≥60° forward bending. The participating workers reported LBPi (0–3) at the time of objective measurements and after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. We investigated associations using linear mixed models with significance level p≤0.05 and presented results per 100 min.ResultsThe duration of ≥30° and ≥60° FBW was not associated with average LBPi during follow-up, neither for the total sample nor stratified on work sector. Furthermore, analyses on all workers and on construction workers only found no significant association between ≥30° or ≥60° FBW and change in LBPi over the 2-year follow-up. For healthcare workers we found a consistent significant association between the duration of ≥30° FBW at baseline and the change in LBPi during follow-up, but this was not found for ≥60° FBW.ConclusionsThis study suggests that objectively measured duration of FBW in minutes is not associated with average levels of, or change in LBPi in construction workers over a 2-year period. In healthcare workers, exposure to ≥30° FBW was associated with change in LBPi, while we did not find this for ≥60° FBW. Results may indicate that the associations between FWB and LBP vary depending on type of work tasks, gender or sector-specific factors.
Damp mouldy housing and early childhood hospital admissions for acute respiratory infection: a case control study
Authors: Ingham Tristram , Keall Michael , Jones Bernadette , Aldridge Daniel R T , Dowell Anthony C , Davies Cheryl , Crane Julian , Draper Jessica Barbara , Bailey Lauren Olivia , Viggers Helen , Stanley Thorsten Villiers , Leadbitter Philip , Latimer Mereana , Howden-Chapman Philippa 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionA gap exists in the literature regarding dose–response associations of objectively assessed housing quality measures, particularly dampness and mould, with hospitalisation for acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children.MethodsA prospective, unmatched case–control study was conducted in two paediatric wards and five general practice clinics in Wellington, New Zealand, over winter/spring 2011–2013. Children aged <2 years who were hospitalised for ARI (cases), and either seen in general practice with ARI not requiring admission or for routine immunisation (controls) were included in the study. Objective housing quality was assessed by independent building assessors, with the assessors blinded to outcome status, using the Respiratory Hazard Index (RHI), a 13-item scale of household quality factors, including an 8-item damp–mould subscale. The main outcome was case–control status. Adjusted ORs (aORs) of the association of housing quality measures with case–control status were estimated, along with the population attributable risk of eliminating dampness–mould on hospitalisation for ARI among New Zealand children.Results188 cases and 454 controls were studied. Higher levels of RHI were associated with elevated odds of hospitalisation (OR 1.11/unit increase (95% CI 1.01 to 1.21)), which weakened after adjustment for season, housing tenure, socioeconomic status and crowding (aOR 1.04/unit increase (95% CI 0.94 to 1.15)). The damp–mould index had a significant, adjusted dose–response relationship with ARI admission (aOR 1.15/unit increase (95% CI 1.02 to 1.30)). By addressing these harmful housing exposures, the rate of admission for ARI would be reduced by 19% or 1700 fewer admissions annually.ConclusionsA dose–response relationship exists between housing quality measures, particularly dampness–mould, and young children’s ARI hospitalisation rates. Initiatives to improve housing quality and to reduce dampness–mould would have a large impact on ARI hospitalisation.