bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Assay of Fibrinogen and Fibrinolytic Activity
Authors: PERKINS HERBERT A. , ROLFS MARY R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A variety of technics for assay of fibrinogen were investigated. Greatest accuracy was obtained with a slightly modified Ratnoff-Menzie procedure. One hundred presumably normal blood donors had an average fibrinogen level of 225 mg. per 100 ml. of plasma, with a range from 147 to 319 mg. The levels were not appreciably influenced by age, sex or "reactions" to donation of blood.
Using this assay, over-all fibrinolytic activity was estimated by duplicate assays employing 4-hour incubation of the diluted clot, lysis being inhibited in one of the tubes by epsilon amino caproic acid. The technic showed significant degrees of fibrinolytic activity in the plasma of most patients after open heart surgery as compared with the normal controls.
Cell Antigens and Cell Specialization. III. On the H Antigen Receptors of Human Epidermal Cells
Authors: YUNIS EDMOND , YUNIS JORGE J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article describes the application of the mixed agglutination method to demonstrate the H antigen receptors on human A1, A2, B and O epidermal cells, and also the presence of A and B antigen receptors in different spatial locations than the H receptors in A and B epidermal cells.
The Recovery of Lethally Irradiated Dogs Given Infusions of Autologous Leukocytes Preserved at -80 C
Authors: CAVINS JOHN A. , SCHEER STUART C. , THOMAS E. DONNALL , FERREBEE JOSEPH W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nine normal mongrel dogs were exposed to 1200 r whole-body irradiation at 4 to 5 r per minute. They were then given intravenous infusions of 2.12 to 20 x 109 autologous leukocytes that had been previously stored at -80 C. in 10 per cent dimethyl-sulfoxide.
Three dogs survived with delayed but complete hematopoietic recovery. Three showed beginning marrow regeneration but died within 3-4 weeks of irradiation. Three given less than 6 x 109 cells died within 21 days. The number of leukocytes infused was critical since there was no survivor among the dogs receiving less than 9 x 109 cells.
It is concluded that peripheral blood contains primitive cells capable of repopulating marrow spaces and restoring marrow function.
Isoimmune Neonatal Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: PEARSON HOWARD A. , SHULMAN N. RAPHAEL , MARDER VICTOR J. , CONE THOMAS E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Serologic tests utilizing complement fixation have allowed differentiation of isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia from other forms of congenital thrombocytopenia.
2. The pathogenesis of the isoimmune disease involves fetal-maternal incompatibility of platelet antigens, and destruction of fetal platelets by a transplacental transfer of maternal antibody.
3. Three different platelet antigens have been implicated in neonatal purpura. None of these antigens correspond to known erythrocyte antigens, but two of the platelet antigens are shared by granulocytes and lymphocytes.
4. Review of the literature of probable isoimmune neonatal purpura and our own cases reveals that in untreated cases death occurs in approximately 12 per cent of cases, and platelet counts usually do not remain below 60,000/ mm.3 longer than 21 days.
5. In two of three instances in which neonatal thrombocytopenia was anticipated as a result of serologic tests done on the mothers, antepartum steroids may have benefited the infant.
6. Steroid therapy to the infant appears to shorten the duration of thrombocytopenia, and in one instance exchange transfusion led to immediate cessation of hemorrhage and rapid return of platelets to normal.
Hematopoietic Graft Detected by a Change in ABO Group
Authors: BRONSON WILLIAM R. , MCGINNISS MARY H. , MORSE EDWARD E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A change in blood group was discovered in a group O boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Fifty-six per cent of his red cells were of group AB 6 weeks after he received white cell-rich plasma from a group AB donor with chronic myelogenous leukemia. It is concluded that hematopoietic cells in the peripheral blood of the donor survived and divided in the recipient, and were then rejected 6 weeks after transfusion. Factors favoring the acceptance of the graft, consideration of the type of cell or cells that proliferated, and the relation of this finding to recently published reports of survival of cells containing the Ph1 chromosome are discussed.
Use of Testosterone and Busulfan in the Treatment of Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia
Authors: SILVER RICHARD T. , JENKINS DAVID E. , ENGLE RALPH L. , Fuller Cynthia Q. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Clinical, hematologic, and isotope data from 10 patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, before and after treatment with testosterone and busulfan, are presented. Of the 10 patients treated with testosterone, five showed a good response, three a slight response, and two, no response. The best therapeutic responses were seen in five women who either had a previous splenectomy or in whom the spleen was not massively enlarged. Of the five patients treated with bulsufan only, one beneficial response was observed. The indications for and the consequences of the use of these drugs are discussed.
Chronic Granulocytopenia in Childhood
Authors: ZUELZER WOLF W. , BAJOGHLI MEHDI , Evans Ruth M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Observations in five cases of chronic benign granulocytopenia are reported. The disorder appears to be a true entity occurring in early life. Despite severe depression of the circulating granulocyte count, the course is benign because a reserve of immature granulocytes is available in the bone marrow. Depletion of the leukocyte storage pool by increased peripheral destruction, possibly enhanced by sequestration, rather than a maturation arrest at the penultimate stage is the probable mechanism. This process appears to be of moderate intensity, permitting the maintenance of a "steady state" of low efficiency, resulting in increased susceptibility but not total lack of resistance to infection. The disorder represents a natural model of a special disturbance in leukokinetics. Its ultimate cause remains unknown but is probably related to age-determined factors.
Hereditary Hemolytic Disease Secondary to Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Report of Three Cases with Special Emphasis on ATP Metabolism
Authors: MOHLER DANIEL N. , CROCKETT CHARLES L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Three cases of hereditary hemolytic disease secondary to G-6-PD deficiency are described. Two of the cases were first cousins of Scotch-Irish-English descent and the mode of inheritance was believed to be sex-linked. The third case was of Turkish origin; no family studies were availale.
2. The mothers, who were heterozygous for G-6-PD deficiency, showed only minimal expression of the defect, which was manifested by a slightly decreased red cell survival in both mothers and an abnormal methemoglobin reduction test in one of them.
3. All three cases showed a more pronounced fall in erythrocyte ATP after incubation with phenylhydrazine than that observed in primaquine-sensitive Negroes whose red cells were less deficient in G-6-PD.
4. It is suggested that the inability of the G-6-PD-deficient erythrocyte to maintain adequate levels of ATP may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the hemolytic process.
Effects of Intensive Plasmapheresis on Normal Blood Donors
Authors: KLIMAN ALLAN , CARBONE PAUL P. , GAYDOS LAWRENCE A. , FREIREICH EMIL J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Plasmapheresis was performed in normal blood donors using simple plastic equipment. Removal of plasma in amounts up to 1.0 liter at a single venipuncture proved feasible and produced no major changes in the donor’s blood counts and serum protein levels. Chronic plasmapheresis for periods up to 23 weeks with maximal rates not exceeding 1.5 liters of plasma withdrawn per week, produced no changes in formed elements and only minor changes in serum protein levels. Five donors were subjected to acute plasmapheresis with removal of 5 liters of plasma in 5 days. In this group, serum protein depletion was observed with particular depletion appearing at the end of the 5-day period.
From calculations of protein replacement, the presence of a ready extravascular protein reserve, of a size somewhat less than the intravascular pool, was suggested. An average maximal protein replacement of 49 Gm. per day was observed during the most intensive plasmapheresis, and the data suggest that protein withdrawals should not exceed this amount if serum protein levels are to be maintained. Although no rebound of serum protein was observed, recovery after depletion required at least 2 to 4 weeks.
Brief Note: A Note Concerning the "100 Per Cent Value" in Iron Absorption Studies by Whole Body Counting
Authors: SCHIFFER LEWIS M. , PRICE D. C. , CUTTNER J. , COHN S. H. , CRONKITE EUGENE P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The 4-hour whole body count is found to be clinically valid as a "100 per cent value" in iron absorption studies performed with a whole body counter. Measurement of iron absorption can be made 2 weeks after ingestion of radioiron, but not prior to this period.
Hematologic Studies on Erythropoietic Porphyria: A New Case with Severe Hemolysis, Chronic Thrombocytopenia, and Folic Acid Deficiency
Authors: GROSS SAMUEL , Keefer Vicki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An unusual case of erythropoietic porphyria with a severe hemolytic component and thrombocytopenia has been presented. The relationship between the porphyria and the thrombocytopenia, although unclear, showed definite evidence of persistent megakaryocytic hypoplasia. Additional information emphasizing the severity and chronicity of the anemic process included elevated F and A2 hemoglobins, hyperferremia and extramedullary hematopoiesis. The nature of the hemolytic process appeared to be intracorpuscular and not correctible by normal plasma, glucose or ATP. The abnormal in vitro hemolysis, coupled with the appearance of the abnormal nucleated and mature red cells, are suggestive of the defect in heme synthesis seen in some of the hypochromic hypersideremic anemias. A description of therapeutic attempts as well as the appearance of a folate deficiency are included in the report.
Multiple Chromosomal Aberrations in a Patient with Acute Granulocytic Leukemia Associated with Down's Syndrome and Twinning
Authors: KIOSSOGLOU KOSMAS A. , ROSENBAUM ERNEST H. , MITUS W. J. , DAMESHEK WILLIAM , Sheehan Carol 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A case of Down's syndrome (G 21 trisomy) in a boy, age 4, associated with twinning and AGL is described. Multiple chromosomal aberrations were found prior to and during antileukemic chemotherapy.
2. The initial modal number ranged from 47 to 53 and subsequently 49 to 53, and 42 to 52 chromosomes respectively. The overwhelming leukemic cell population was represented by 51 chromosomes on three occasions (74.2, 80 and 79.5 per cent respectively).
3. The autosomal aberrations—trisomies and polysomies—were constant, involving predominantly the chromosomes of the G, F and D series.
4. Heterokaryotic twinning with one normal and one affected was encountered twice in this family (G 21 trisomy and normal) and (normal and mentally affected) sets of twins.
5. A possible tendency to nondisjunction has been demonstrated in three healthy members of the family.
6. Multiple mitotic nondisjunction anomalies might be of etiologic importance in the leukemic process.
7. The implication of different injurious agents and factors, such as ionizing radiation, x-ray exposure, chemicals and parental age in the development of trisomic syndromes and/or neoplasia are briefly discussed.
A Comparative Study of Porphyrin Biosynthesis in Different Tissues
Authors: SARDESAI VISHWANATH M. , WALDMAN JORDAN , ORTEN JAMES M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A comparative study has been made of the ability of nucleated erythrocytes (chicken) and of different tissues, as homogenates of fresh tissues (dog and human) and as "acetone powders" of tissues (several species) to synthesize porphyrinogens-porphyrins from either glycine and acetate or succinate or from ALA.
With the exception of the nucleated erythrocytes, the tissues studied had no measurable ability to form copro- and protoporphyrins from glycine and acetate or succinate
However, the various tissues can form copro- and protoporphyrins from ALA, and in the following order: nucleated erythrocytes > liver > adrenal > spleen > kidney > heart > skeletal muscle > brain. The spleen of the human infant was extremely active. Non-nucleated erythrocytes (dog) are active to the coproporphyrin(ogen) stage.
Acetone powders of the same tissues show similar porphyrin-forming capacities.
Little variation in porphyrin-forming activity was found among tissues from different mammalian species, but avian (pigeon) tissues appear to be more active in this respect.
From these results it appears that different tissues, with the exception of the nucleated erythrocyte, may synthesize porphyrinogens-porphyrins from ALA, but only to a limited extent from glycine and acetate or succinate. ALA may probably be supplied to these tissues preformed, this apparently occurring primarily in the nucleated erythrocyte (bone marrow).
The porphyrinogen-porphyrin-forming capacity of a given tissue appears to be related to the heme content and/or turnover rate in that tissue.
Erythropoietin in Vitro. II. Effect on "Stem Cells"
Authors: ERSLEV ALLAN J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The in vitro effect of sheep erythropoietin on bone marrow cells was studied in order to elucidate its point of action. It was concluded that erythropoietin in vitro acts primarily or exclusively on stem cells and does not have a measurable effect on differentiated nucleated red blood cells or on reticulocytes. Attempts to isolate and study stem cells by freezing or by long or short term culture were not successful.
Implications of Long-Term Survival in Acute Stem Cell Leukemia of Childhood Treated with Composite Cyclic Therapy
Authors: ZUELZER WOLF W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The results of 9 years’ experience with acute stem cell (lymphoblastic) leukemia treated with a combination of steroids and antimetabolites, designated as "composite cyclic therapy" (CCT), are described and their theoretical implications are discussed. In 175 patients surviving at least one month after diagnosis the per cent survivals were: 17.2 months (50 per cent), 27.5 months (25 per cent), and 45.0 months (10 per cent). Six patients were alive in uninterrupted remission at the close of the study, from 4-9 years after diagnosis. The mean survival of the expired patients was 17.7 months, with a median of 14.5 months. The mean duration of the first remission was 15.2 months with a median of 12.5.
The therapeutic response in terms of remission rate and total survival was significantly better in stem cell leukemia, as defined cytologically at the time of original diagnosis, than in other types, suggesting that the effect of steroids on the former is at least in part specific for malignant cells of lymphoid origin.
A highly significant difference within the group of stem cell leukemia was observed between patients with initially low as compared to high white blood count, the dividing line being at 20,000 cells/mm.,3 the latter having twice the mean survival of the former. Of the 44 patients achieving survival of 2 years or more only one had an initial white count of more than 20,000. In conjunction with chromosome studies published elsewhere these findings suggest that the initial white count is a parameter, possibly of immunologic nature, indicative of the partial retention or complete loss of control over leukemic mutant cells. The possibility is discussed, on the basis of theoretical considerations and the observed role of long first remissions in the total survival time, that conditions and measures taken in the early stages of therapy may be decisive for the ultimate course. The current evidence for the mutational nature of acute leukemia permits the theoretical distinction between remission as the temporary suppression of a mutant stem line as opposed to a "cure" representing its permanent elimination, and to explain occasional apparent cures, including some observed in the present series, on that basis.
Clinically, combined cyclic therapy or CCT appears to be superior to the use of single antimetabolites. The withholding of steroids until these drugs become ineffective does not at present appear justified.
Cell Antigens and Cell Specialization. IV. On the H Blood Group Antigen of Human Platelets and Nucleated Cells of the Human Bone Marrow
Authors: YUNIS EDMOND J. , YUNIS JORGE J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article describes the specific agglutination of normoblasts, recitulocytes, megakaryocytes and platelets of human bone marrow with anti-H sera. It also describes the erythrocyte-platelet mixed agglutination reactions demonstrating H antigen receptors on all human platelets regardless of the ABO group of the donor with the exception of the Bombay blood.
Differences in Proliferative Activity between Normoblasts and Pernicious Anemia Megaloblasts
Authors: RONDANELLI E. G. , GORINI P. , MAGLIULO E. , FIORI G. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The mitotic behavior of pernicious anemia and normal erythropoietic cells in vitro was studied by means of phase contrast microphotography and cinema-photograph. Direct measurements showed that the duration of mitosis is significantly shorter in megaloblasts than in normoblasts at every stage of maturation. Maturation induces an elongation of mitosis in both the normal and the pathologic series. The mitotic index being practically the same in normoblasts and megaloblasts, the weighted average generation time in megaloblasts, calculated according to the formula tG = tM/IM, resulted in a shorter time than in normoblasts. This indicates that there is a higher than normal proliferative activity of p.a. cells since the generation time appears inversely proportional to the frequency by which new mitoses are entered in a cell population. The role of each single mitotic phase in shortening the total duration of mitoses has been investigated. Possible alterations in the mitotic mechanisms involved have been discussed.
The Characterization of Hemoglobin Shimonoseki
Authors: HANADA M. , RUCKNAGEL D. L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hemoglobin Shimonoseki, discovered in western Japan in 1960, has been further characterized as a mutant with abnormal α-polypeptide chains on the basis of:
(1) The presence of a minor hemoglobin component migrating cathodally at pH 8.6 to Hb A2, presumably α2Shσ2A2.
(2) Hybridization studies.
(3) Fingerprinting of isolated α-polypeptide chains.
Hemoglobin Sh is characterized by the substitution of arginine for glutamine at residue 54 and can therefore be designated as α254Argβ2A.
Brief Report: The Electrophoretic Mobility of Erythrocytes of Patients with Malignant Tumors
Authors: NADELL JUDITH , CREGER WILLIAM P. , Amendola Kathryn 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The electrophoretic mobilities of erythrocytes of 123 patients with benign surgical conditions and 55 patients with malignant disorders were determined. There was no appreciable difference between the mobilities of the two groups. In our hands microelectrophoresis of washed, untreated erythrocytes is not a useful tool in the diagnosis of human malignancies.
Brief Report: Clearance of Iron from Hemochromatotic and Normal Transferrin in Vivo
Authors: WHEBY MUNSEY S. , BALCERZAK STANLEY P. , ANDERSON PEARL , CROSBY WILLIAM H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The iron transport function of transferrin from normal subjects and patients with idiopathic hemachromatosis has been studied using the radioisotopes Fe59 and Fe55. It was concluded that transferrin from hemochromatotic patients functions in a normal manner in vivo.
Chronic Erythrocytic Hypoplasia Following Pernicious Anemia
Authors: GOLDSTEIN CARLOS , PECHET LIBERTO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of chronic erythrocytic hypoplasia of the bone marrow following Addisonian pernicious anemia, treated for 30 years, is reported. Treatment with different erythropoietic agents was completely unsuccessful. The possibility of a causal relationship is suggested.
The Excretion of Urocanic Acid and Formimino Glutamic Acid in Megaloblastosis Accompanying Kwashiorkor
Authors: ALLEN DONALD M. , WHITEHEAD ROGER C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Children with both kwashiorkor and megaloblastic anemia when first tested excreted urocanic acid in their urine but no formimino glutamic acid (FIGLU).
2. Treatment with a high protein diet eliminated the block in urocanic acid metabolism. Urocanic acid was no longer excreted and the expected abnormal FIGLU appeared in the urine.
3. Treatment with PGA, but not vitamin B12, corrected the second metabolic block. The excretion of FIGLU stopped and the bone marrow became normoblastic.
Dry Mass Distribution Changes in Mouse Bone Marrow Cell Population during the First 24 Hours after X—Irradiation as Determined by Interfereometry
Authors: LEE HUN , RICHARDS VICTOR , MAICHLE MARIA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
LAF1 mice were treated with a total-body dose of 800 r. x-ray. The dry mass distribution of the femur bone marrow cells was determined at different intervals postirradiation. The nonproliferating cells showed no significant dry mass change, whereas the proliferating cells of the myelocyte series had a steady increase in mean dry mass per cell. Few cells with the maximum dry mass increase survived at the end of 48 hours postirradiation. The dry mass distribution formed characteristic patterns for each postirradiation interval studied as the proliferating cells shifted to higher dry mass values with accompanied increase in cell sizes.
Life Span of Reticulocytes in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: KAN S. Y. , GARDNER FRANK H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two patients with PNH were transfused with young and old Cr51-labeled red cells. The young red cells (reticulocytes) were destroyed more rapidly than the older red cells. In vitro studies also revealed that the reticulocyte was more susceptible to acid hemolysis in acidified serum.
In contrast the Cr51-labeled reticulocytes in 3 patients with pernicious anemia responding to cyanocobalamin showed a normal life span.
In the patients with PNH and pernicious anemia, no sequestration of Cr51-labeled reticulocytes was noted in the liver or spleen by surface scanning.
The Eosinophil as a Source for Profibrinolysin in Acute Inflammation
Authors: RIDDLE JEANNE M. , BARNHART MARION I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The emigration sequence and cytology of acute inflammation produced by a variety of stimulants was studied in dogs using a modified skin window procedure. Control lesions revealed the typical acute inflammatory cycle with an early influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and a later increase in lymphocytes, hypertrophied lymphocytes and macrophages.
Either fibrinogen, fibrin or proteolytic enzymes that promote fibrin formation selectively attracted eosinophils into the inflammatory site. Neither histamine nor albumin produced significant eosinophil migration in the 10 hours under study.
The fluorescent antibody technic was employed to assess the level of cellular profibrinolysin. Only inflammatory eosinophils and bone marrow eosinophils were marked with rhodamine antiprofibrinolysin. Staining was confined to intra- and extracellular eosinophil granules and coalesced masses. The intensity of fluorescence varied somewhat and perhaps reflected profibrinolysin release into the inflammatory exudate.
Exudative eosinophils like all members of the bone marrow eosinophilic series contain profibrinolysin localized in the specific granules. Eosinophils which migrate and collect at an inflammatory site clearly transport profibrinolysin to an area of fibrin deposition. Granule release of profibrinolysin provides one mechanism for fibrinolysis that likely facilitates wound repair.