bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infective endocarditis in an adult with undiagnosed tetralogy of Fallot: a case report of a rare presentation
Authors: Gomaa Mahmoud , Shaban Ahmed , El-Shirbiny Hassan , Elgenidy Anas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is uncommonly diagnosed in adulthood and only 3% of patients survive to reach the age of 40 without surgical repair. If unrepaired, these patients are at risk for infective endocarditis (IE).

Case presentation
In this report, we present a case of a middle-aged, previously healthy female whose only complaint was unexplained fever. Echocardiography led to the discovery of undiagnosed TOF complicated with IE with a vegetation on the right ventricular (RV) side of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) which was appropriately managed with antibiotics.

Conclusions
In rare cases of acyanotic TOF where there is a lesser degree of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO), patients may survive into adulthood and can be asymptomatic till becoming initially presented with complications such as infective endocarditis.
Integration of radiomics ultrasound and TIRADS in diagnosis of thyroid nodules: a narrative review
Authors: Baishya Nirupam Konwar , Baishya Kangkana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The most popular technique for evaluating thyroid imaging is high-frequency ultrasonography; however, the TIRADS tool, intended to help with noninvasive risk assessment, has limitations in detecting thyroid cancerous nodules. The purpose of this article was to review the application of TIRADS in ultrasound radiomics and discuss its advantages and limitations.

Main text
A novel approach to medical picture processing called radiomics can help identify these nodules more precisely. Radiomics involves obtaining high-quality imaging for planning or diagnostic reasons, identifying a macroscopic tumor, extracting quantitative imaging features, and ranking the most informative findings according to prominence, independence, and reproducibility.

Conclusions
Radiomics combined with TIRADS has demonstrated strong potential in enhancing the accuracy of thyroid nodule malignancy predictions, though challenges such as the need for larger, diverse datasets, and thorough validation persist. Incorporating clinical data, using deep learning models, and standardized imaging protocols could improve diagnostic precision, and further research will, therefore, be essential for its implementation in routine clinical practice.
The relationship between insurance development, population, economic growth, and health expenditures in OECD countries: a panel causality analysis
Authors: Younsi Moheddine , Bechtini Marwa , Lassoued Mongi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between insurance development, population, economic growth, and health expenditures for a panel of 31 OECD countries over the period 1995–2021. A dynamic panel data analysis based on cointegration, FMOLS, DOLS, VECM, and Granger causality tests is employed to suggest for the existence of a long-run relationship among variables. The long-run results show that insurance development, national income, and population exhibit positive impacts on health expenditures. The results reveal that insurance factor has larger income effects than substitution effects on health expenditures. Regarding the short-run causal relationship between the variables, the empirical results suggest that economic growth strengthens health expenditure growth, while insurance growth reduces it. In the short-run, insurance development has a crowding-out effect since it produces larger substitution effects than income effects. The results provide political implications that governments need to concern the short-run crowding-out effect of private insurance sections on health expenditures when making fiscal policies on public health expenditures.
Acute effects of motor imagery interventions and physical exercise on tongue strength and pain in healthy adults: a randomized, crossover trial
Authors: Isik Tayfun , Kahraman Buse O. , Kahraman Turhan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Motor imagery (MI) has increasingly been used in physiotherapy. Oral rehabilitation may be a potential application area for MI. The aim of this study is to investigate the acute effects of orofacial and tongue muscle strengthening exercises in the form of physical exercise and motor imagery on pain and tongue strength in healthy adults.
Thirty asymptomatic adults were included in this trial. MI skills were evaluated using the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised and the mental chronometer. The pain and strength were assessed using an algometer and a tongue pressure device. Following the baseline evaluations, three interventions: physical exercise, kinesthetic motor imagery, and visual motor imagery, were applied randomly on different days. Pain and tongue strength were re-evaluated immediately after the interventions.

Results
The physical exercise program did not significantly improve pain and tongue strength (p > 0.05). Following the kinesthetic MI training, a significant increase was detected (p = 0.016, d = 0.51) in the left masseter muscle pain threshold. Visual MI training resulted in improvements in anterior tongue strength (p = 0.002, d = 0.66) and left masseter muscle pain (p = 0.024, d = 0.40).

Conclusions
The present study suggests that different motor imagery strategies may have different effects on tongue muscle strength and pain threshold in healthy adults.
“Antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity of Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis chuii and Isochrysis galbana and their potential use in food.” a systematic review
Authors: Carrillo Monserrath , Anchundia Miguel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The main compounds extracted from the biomass of marine microalgae have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects, making the possibility of using these properties in the development of foods feasible. Despite the proven biological activity of microalgae, there are still challenges regarding the production and use of microalgal biomass or its derivatives in food industries that are related to high production costs, and there is little research regarding the evaluation of their safety and the search for their application in food development. Therefore, this research aimed to collect information regarding the biological activities of marine microalgae, which allows their use as a natural antimicrobial additive in food matrices and as an ingredient in the development of functional foods with antioxidant capacity. The search interval for the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guidelines was five years. Different methods for the extraction of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds from the marine microalgae
Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis chuii
and
Isochrysis galbana
were compared and discussed, and the viability of their use and application in food matrices and in the food industry in general were analyzed. It was concluded that there are research gaps in the use of microalgae biomass as an extract, the identification of bioactive molecules for use in the food industry as antimicrobial agents and for the development of functional foods with antioxidant capacity.
Semiautomated analysis of faults with meter-scale displacements and networks of planar features using high-resolution 3D seismic data to investigate gas leakage at the Vestnesa Ridge, Eastern Fram Strait
Authors: Cooke Frances , Plaza-Faverola Andreia , Bünz Stefan , de Groot Paul , Peacock David C. P. 
Published: November 2024

We develop a semiautomated method for extracting faults and other planar features from two high-resolution (HR) seismic volumes in the eastern Fram Strait. We assess seismic data quality and resolution prior to structural interpretation to determine the appropriate processing workflow. This workflow, designed for HR data sets, identifies meter-scale (>3–4 m) faults and other planar features, picked up by subtle changes in the curvature and discontinuities of seismic reflections, to investigate their relationship with fluid migration in the shallow subsurface. Although evidence exists for Holocene (approximately <8 ka) fault-associated gas seepage, structures in both volumes are presently sealing. We assess structures based on those that have measurable throw (faults) and those that do not (planar features). Structures lacking measurable throw are significant because they appear to represent fluid flow pathways. This technique enhances the analysis of the geometries of the mapped structures, facilitating the interpretation of meter-scale fault throws and the orientations of planar features. We provide insights into the evolution of structures previously linked to episodes of fluid migration and gas leakage at the Vestnesa Ridge. We infer zones of dilation (i.e., opening) at locations where faults or networks of planar features interact and investigate how these structures influence localized uplift and shallowing of the interface between free gas and gas hydrate (i.e., the bottom-simulating reflection).
Geochemical characteristics of lacustrine source rocks and oil-source correlation of the Yanchang Formation in the Zizhou area, Ordos Basin
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Lu Jungang , Mei Yan , Guo Hongqiang , Jian Yao , Xiao Zhenglu , Jiang Qijun 
Published: November 2024

The Zizhou area on the northeastern margin of the Ordos Basin has achieved major breakthroughs through continuous exploration over the years, demonstrating high potential for hydrocarbon exploration. However, due to the underdevelopment of source rocks, the origin of crude oil in the Chang 6 and Chang 4 + 5 Members remains unclear, which significantly hinders further hydrocarbon exploration. In this study, we use Rock-Eval pyrolysis, kerogen maceral analysis, quantitative gas chromatography (GC) of saturated hydrocarbons, and GC-mass spectrometry of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons to determine the geochemical characteristics of source rocks and oils from different sedimentary environments. In addition, we select effective biomarker parameters to identify the source of oil in the Chang 6 and Chang 4 + 5 Members in the Zizhou area. The results indicate that the Chang 7 Member source rocks have organic matter abundances ranging from good to excellent, with types classified as type I-II1, and are in a mature stage. Source rocks from the semideep to deep lacustrine facies exhibit a clear predominance of low-carbon number hydrocarbons, a higher proportion of short-chain n-alkanes, relatively lower C24 tetracyclic terpane/C26 tricyclic terpane (C24TeT/C26TT) and C30 hopane/C30 diahopane (C30H/C30DiaH) ratios, and similar abundances of C27 and C29 steranes. In contrast, deltaic facies source rocks, which developed in suboxic to oxic environments, display opposite characteristics. The reservoir extracts from the Zizhou area indicate a high degree of similarity to the deltaic facies source rocks. Moreover, the subtle geochemical differences between the reservoir extracts and their potential source rocks are mainly attributed to geochromatographic effect during hydrocarbon migration and differences in preservation conditions. These findings provide new insights into the dynamics of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the northeastern margin of the Ordos Basin and further reinforce the reliability of using biomarker techniques to determine the relationship between crude oil and its source.
Factors associated with mental health outcomes in a Muslim community following the Christchurch terrorist attack
Authors: Bell Caroline , Sulaiman-Hill Ruqayya , Tanveer Sandila , Porter Richard , Dean Shaystah , Schluter Philip J. , Beaglehole Ben , Boden Joseph M. 
Published: November 2024

Background
On 15 March 2019, a white supremacist terrorist attacked two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand. Fifty-one people were killed and another 40 sustained non-fatal gunshot injuries.

Aims
To examine the mental health of the Muslim community, and individual and exposure-related factors associated with mental health outcomes.

Method
This is the baseline analysis of a longitudinal study of adults from the Muslim community interviewed 11–32 months after the shootings. It included a diagnostic interview (MINI), measures of sociodemographic factors, prior mental health, prior traumatic events, exposure in the attacks, discrimination, life stressors, social support and religious coping. Logistic regression models examined associations with mental health outcomes.

Results
The sample comprised 189 participants (mean age 41 (s.d. = 13); 60% female), and included: bereaved, 17% (n = 32); injured survivors 12% (n = 22); non-injured survivors, 19% (n = 36); family members of survivors, 35% (n = 67); and community members without the above exposures, 39% (n = 74). Overall, 61% had at least one mental disorder since the attacks. Those bereaved (P < 0.01, odds ratio 4.28, 95% CI 1.75–10.49) and survivors, whether injured (P < 0.001, odds ratio 18.08, 95% CI 4.70–69.60) or not (P < 0.01, odds ratio 5.26, 95% CI 1.99–13.89), had greater odds of post-traumatic stress disorder. Those bereaved (P < 0.001, odds ratio 5.79, 95% CI 2.49–13.46) or injured (P = 0.04, odds ratio 4.43, 95% CI 1.07–18.28) had greater odds of depression.

Conclusions
Despite unique features of this attack on a Muslim population, findings accord with previous studies. They suggest generalisability of psychopathology after terror attacks, and that being bereaved or directly experiencing such events is associated with adverse mental health outcomes.

Trial registration number
The study is registered on the Australian NZ Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000909921).
Skyrmion soliton motion on periodic substrates by atomistic and particle-based simulations
Authors: Souza J. C. B. , Vizarim N. P , Reichhardt C. J. O. , Reichhardt C. , Venegas P. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We compare the dynamical behavior of magnetic skyrmions interacting with square and triangular defect arrays just above commensuration using both atomistic and particle-based models. Under applied drives, the initial motion is a kink traveling through the pinned skyrmion lattice. For the square defect array, both models agree well and show a regime in which the soliton motion is locked along 45°. The atomistic model also produces locking of a soliton along 30°, which is absent in the particle-based model. For the triangular defect array, the atomistic model exhibits 30° soliton motion over a wide region of external current values. In contrast, the particle-based model gives 45° soliton motion over a small range of external driving force values. The difference arises because the nondeforming particle model facilitates meandering skyrmion orbits while the deformable atomistic model enables stronger skyrmion-skyrmion interactions that reduce the meandering. Our results indicate that soliton motion through pinned skyrmion lattices on a periodic substrate is a robust effect.
Fidelity of BMI, Waist, and Waist-to-Height Ratio as Adiposity Measures in Normoglycemic Black vs White American Adults
Authors: Liu Zhao , Asuzu Peace , Patel Avnisha , Wan Jim , Dagogo-Jack Samuel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess ethnic disparities in the association between indirect and direct measures of adiposity in African American (AA) and European American (EA) adults.

Methods
We analyzed the indirect [weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)] and direct [total fat, trunk fat, fat-free mass (FFM)] adiposity measures in healthy AA and EA adults. Assessments included anthropometry, oral glucose tolerance test, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and calculation of direct-to-indirect adiposity ratios (total fat/BMI, trunk fat/WC, trunk fat/WHtR, and FFM/weight).

Results
A total of 314 subjects (167 AA, 147 EA) underwent DXA. All participants (mean age 44.2 ± 10.6 years) had normal fasting and 2-hour glucose values. The BMI (AA vs EA) was 31.2 ± 7.42 kg/m2 vs28.8 ± 6.78 kg/m2 (P = .0014); WC 95.3 ± 16.0 cm vs 92.9 ± 15.0 cm (P = .15). Significant correlations (P &lt; .0001) were observed between BMI and total fat (r = 0.68), WC, and trunk fat (r = 0.61) and WHtR vs trunk fat (r = 0.77) for the combined cohort, with heterogeneity in the strength of association by sex and ethnicity. Fat-free mass was higher in AA vs EA participants (P = .03). Total fat/BMI was lower in AA vs EA participants (P = .0047); trunk fat/WC (P = .004) and trunk fat/WHtR (P = .0026) were lower in AA men vs EA men.

Conclusion
The BMI overestimated body fat in AA participants vs EA participants, and WC overestimated trunk fat in AA men vs EA men. These data indicate ethnic disparities in the fidelity of indirect measures of adiposity and argue for ethnic-specific BMI thresholds for determination of overweight/obesity.
Termites and other social insects as emerging model organisms of ageing research: how to achieve a long lifespan and a high fecundity
Authors: Korb Judith 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Social insects (termites, ants and some bees and wasps) are emerging model organisms of ageing research. In this Commentary, I outline which advantages they offer compared with other organisms. These include the co-occurrence of extraordinarily long-lived, highly fecund queens together with short-lived workers within colonies that share the same genetic background. I then summarize which new insights have been gained so far from social insect studies. Research on social insects has led to the development of a universal mechanistic framework underlying the regulation of ageing and other life-history trade-offs in insects: the TI-J-LiFe network (short for TOR/IIS–juvenile hormone–lifespan/fecundity). Because of its conservative nature, this network can be extended to also incorporate vertebrates. Current data for social insect models suggest that molecular re-wirings along the I-J-Fe (IIS–juvenile hormone–fecundity) axis of the network can explain the concurrent long lifespans and high fecundity of queens. During social evolution, pathways that foster a high fecundity have apparently been uncoupled from mechanisms that shorten lifespan in solitary insects. Thus, fecundity-related vitellogenesis is uncoupled from life-shortening high juvenile hormone (JH)-titres in the honeybee and from insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling (IIS) activity in ants. In termites, similarly, vitellogenesis seems tissue-specifically unlinked from JH signalling and IIS activity might have lost life-shortening consequences. However, as in solitary animals, the downstream processes (Li of the TI-J-LiFe network) that cause actual ageing (e.g. oxidative stress, transposable element activity, telomere attrition) seem to differ between species and environments. These results show how apparently hard-wired mechanisms underlying life-history trade-offs can be overcome during evolution.
Bridging the divide in organismal physiology: a case for the integration of behaviour as a physiological process
Authors: Debaere Shamil F. , Opinion April Grace R. , Allan Bridie J. M. , Rummer Jodie L. , De Boeck Gudrun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The role of behaviour in animal physiology is much debated, with researchers divided between the traditional view that separates physiology and behaviour, and a progressive perspective that sees behaviour as a physiological effector. We advocate for the latter, and in this Commentary, we argue that behaviour is inherently a physiological process. To do so, we outline the physiological basis for behaviour and draw parallels with recognised physiological processes. We also emphasise the importance of precise language that is shared across biological disciplines, as clear communication is foundational in integrating behaviour into physiology. Our goal with this Commentary is to set the stage for a debate and persuade readers of the merits of including behaviour within the domain of animal physiology. We argue that recognising behaviour as a physiological process is crucial for advancing a unified understanding of physiology, especially in the context of anthropogenic impacts.
Review of Electrical Parameters Influence on Characteristics of Plasma Electrolytic Oxide Coating on Zircaloy
Authors: Al Afghani Fajar , Anawati Anawati 
Published: November 2024

<p>Zircaloy-4 (Zr-4) is used as a fuel cladding material in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). Zr-4 as a cladding material works in extreme conditions in pressurized water up to 150 atm at 325 ˚C. In addition, the refuelling process in the reactor requires surface protection of the clay material to minimize corrosion and wear. One of the raising methods to enhance the corrosion resistance of the Zr-4 is by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Characteristics of the ceramic oxide layer produced by PEO are influenced by current density, type and composition of the electrolyte, and voltage mode. One of the challenges in the PEO development on the Zr-4 substrate is a high porosity with a range of 5%-20% and the low number (below 6%) of t-ZrO<sub>2</sub> phases in the inner and outer layers. Optimizing the electrical parameters is necessary to overcome this problem. The results of the literature study show that the cathodic current at the AC voltage plays an important role in determining the resulting plasma characteristics. Low duty cycle (cathodic current&gt; 50%) produce plasma with high density, resulting in a low porosity layer. Oppositely, high duty cycle (cathodic current &lt;50%) produced high content of t-ZrO<sub>2</sub> increase the mechanical resistance. Two-step PEO is beneficial in combining the low and high duty cycle to obtain the benefit of each step. </p>
Hardware simulation of real-time wavelength corrected phase projection
Authors: Sibley Paul G. , Baldwin Noah , Ireland Michael J. , Bandutunga Chathura P. 
Published: November 2024

We demonstrate the real-time signal processing operation of a
dispersion-free phase projection algorithm intended for atmospheric
correction of multi-aperture optical phased arrays. It uses
interferometric phase measurements at multiple sensing wavelengths,
offset by 50 GHz, to compute a phase correction at a third, remote
wavelength. This is useful where phase sensing cannot be implemented
at the wavelength of interest, enabling interferometric level control
from wavelength offset targeting beacons or guidestars. The digital
signal processing implementation we demonstrate has a residual
temporal phase error of while being capable of 100 MHz
throughput with 0.53 µs latency, making it a viable approach for
either feedback or feed-forward atmospheric correction in segmented
piston-phase control systems.