bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perancangan Kendali Optimal pada Motor Arus Searah Tanpa Sikat melalui Metode LQRI
Authors: FATHONI KHOIRUDIN , UTOMO ARYO BASKORO 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKArtikel ini akan menjelaskan perancangan kendali kecepatan MASTS dengan tujuan diperoleh respon kecepatan MASTS yang tanggap serta memiliki sinyal kendali dan arus minimal. Untuk mencapai hal ini MASTS akan dikendalikan melalui metode Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) dengan state yang dipilih adalah arus, kecepatan, dan state integral galat kecepatan. Diperlukan penalaan nilai parameter Q matriks bobot state dan R matriks bobot input untuk mendapatkan performa kecepatan dan arus yang terbaik. Berdasarkan pengujian diperoleh bahwa dengan kendali LQR-I, kecepatan MASTS dapat mengikuti set point dengan respon rise time Tr = 0,03 detik, settling time Ts=0,044 detik, overshoot (OS) 1,6 %, arus Imax=0,16 A dan dutycycle sinyal kontrol umax 56% pada kondisi tanpa beban dan Tr = 0,03 detik, Ts=0,044 detik, OS 1,6 %, Imax=0,16 A dan umax 56% pada kondisi berbeban. Dibandingkan dengan kendali PID ketika tanpa beban mempunyai Tr=0,0176 Ts=0,075 %OS=3,9% umax=96% Imax=0,35 A, LQRI mempunyai respon settling time, sinyal kendali dan arus yang lebih baik.Kata kunci: Motor Arus Searah Tanpa Sikat, Kendali Optimal, Linear Quadratic Regulator dan Integral ABSTRACTThis paper aimed to discuss further research about BLDC motor speed control so that BLDC not only has fast speed response but also has minimum control signal and current using LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) control with chosen states are current, speed of BLDC, and speed error integral state. Tuning of Q and R matrix is required to reach the best speed and current performance. Where Q and R matrix is state cost matrix and input cost matrix, respectively. Result show that LQR-I control can track set point with rise time Tr = 0.03 s, settling time Ts=0,044 s, overshoot (OS) 1,6 %, current Imax=0,16 A and dutycycle control signal umax 56% in no load condition, and Tr = 0,03 s, Ts=0,044 s, OS 1,6 %, Imax=0,16 A dan umax 56% in the load condition. Compared to PID controller which has Tr=0,0176 Ts=0,075 %OS=3,9% umax=96% Imax=0,35 A in no load condition, proposed controller has a better settling time, control signal and current.Keywords: BLDC Motor, Optimal Control, LQR and Integral
PERBANDINGAN KADAR PROTEIN TELUR PADA TELUR AYAM DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI VIS
Authors: Ramadhani Nurfijrin , Herlina Herlina , Pratiwi Anjani Chintya 
Published: May 2019

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong>Protein yang terdapat dalam makanan hewani seperti telur dikatakan sebagai protein sempurna. Telur terbagi atas bagian kuning dan putih yang mempunyai nilai protein yang berbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar protein putih dan kuning telur dari 2 jenis telur ayam. Pada penelitian ini teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode <em>purposive sampling</em>, dimana pengambilan sampel sesuai dengan persyaratan, yaitu 2 jenis telur ayam, telur ayam ras dan telur ayam kampung dengan karakteristik tidak busuk, kulit telur tanpa bercak, kulit telur berwarna coklat/putih bersih, mutu kesegaran telur penyimpanan kurang dari 1 minggu. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu analisis kualitatif protein menggunakan metode pereaksi warna biuret, sedangkan analisis kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometri sinar tampak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar protein pada putih telur ayam ras memiliki kadar terendah 863,3 mg/mL dan pada kuning telur ayam kampung memiliki kadar protein tertinggi 1.229,5 mg/mL, dan kadar protein putih telur ayam kampung 945,07 mg/mL, kuning telur ayam ras 930,9 mg/mL.</p><p align="center"><strong>Kata Kunci : </strong>Protein, Telur AyamRas, Telur Ayam Kampung, Biuret, SpektrofotometriVis</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Comparison of protein </em></strong><strong><em>level </em></strong><strong><em>in eggs </em></strong><strong><em>using </em></strong><strong><em>spectrophotometry</em></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><pre><em>Proteins contained in animal foods such as eggs are said to be perfect proteins. Eggs are divided into yellow and white parts that have different protein values. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in levels of white and egg yolk protein from 2 types of chicken eggs. In this study the sampling technique used a purposive sampling method, where sampling was in accordance with the requirements, namely 2 types of chicken eggs, chicken eggs and native chicken eggs with characteristics not rot, eggshells without blotches, brown / white egg shells, quality egg storage freshness less than 1 week. The research method used was qualitative analysis of proteins using the biuret color reagent method, while quantitative analysis using visible spectrophotometry. The results showed that protein content in race chicken egg whites had the lowest levels of 863.3 mg/mL and in chicken egg yolks had the highest protein content of 1229.5 mg/mL, and the protein content of free-range egg white chicken 945.07 mg/mL, race chicken egg yolk 930.9 mg/mL</em></pre><pre><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Protein, Ras-Chicken Egg, Village Chicken Egg, Biuret, Vis Spectrophotometry</em></pre>
PENILAIAN KERENTANAN LAHAN SAWAH PADI TERHADAP BANJIR DAS CIDURIAN DI DESA RENGED, KECAMATAN BINUANG, SERANG, BANTEN
Authors: Dahlia Siti 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKDesa Renged Kecamatan Binuang Kabupaten Serang Provinsi Banten, merupakan daerah yang kondisi ekonominya sebagian besar dipengaruhi oleh sektor pertanian yaitu padi sawah. Peristiwa banjir besar dalam 21 tahun terakhir terjadi pada tahun 1994, 2001, dan 2013, yang mengakibatkan gagal panen bagi petani. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu: (1) menganalisis bahaya banjir daerah penelitian berdasarkan data kejadian banjir tahun 1994, 2001, dan 2013, dan (2) menilai tingkat kerentanan lahan sawah padi terhadap bahaya banjir. Penelitian ini dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan bentuklahan dan persepsi masyarakat. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu metode interpolasi, skoring, dan skenario pembobotan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar wilayah penelitian berada pada kelas bahaya banjir sedang. Bahaya banjir kelas tinggi wilayah penelitian terdapat pada satuan bentuklahan dataran banjir, aliran sungai mati, dan dataran aluvial yang berasosiasi dengan saluran irigasi. Hasil penilaian kerentanan menunjukkan bahwa nilai indeks kerentanan lahan sawah padi tertinggi terdapat pada skenario pembobotan seimbang (equal) dengan nilai indeks 0-0,89. Nilai indeks kerentanan lahan sawah padi terendah pada skenario fase tanaman dengan nilai indeks 0-0,77. Tingkat kerentanan tertinggi terdapat pada lahan sawah yang berlokasi di satuan bentuklahan: dataran banjir dan dataran aluvial. Kata kunci: Penilaian Kerentanan, Bahaya Banjir, DAS Cidurian, Lahan Sawah Padi, Bentuklahan, Persepsi.
UJI PROFISIENSI ANTAR LABORATORIUM UJI TARIK BAJA TULANGAN SIRIP
Authors: Hermawan Agus Suhartono  , Eka Febriyanti  
Published: May 2019

KarakteristikÂ paling mendasar untuk desain struktur mekanik adalah kekuatan tarik. Perkembangan teknologi mengarah pada konstruksi yang ringan tetapi dapat diandalkan, [1,2] sehingga keakuratan pengukuran merupakan suatu hal yang sangat diperlukan. Uji profisiensi antar laboratorium menjamin keamanan dan kehandalan hasil uji. Laboratorium wajib memverifikasi prosedur pengujian dan kapasitasnyaÂ untuk mendapatkan hasil uji yang dapat diandalkan. Dalam penelitian ini, benda uji adalah baja tulangan sirip dengan dimensi yang berbeda. Benda uji yang dipilih secara acak memiliki dimensi tertentu dikirim ke masing-masing laboratorium peserta, kemudian diuji dan hasilnya dianalisis sesuai dengan parameter yang ditetapkan sebelumnya. Setiap laboratorium diterapkan tes tarik pada benda uji sesuai dengan prosedur yang diberikan dalam SNI 2052-2002 dan standar uji tarik yang biasa dipergunakan masing-masing laboratorium. Hasil uji dievaluasi sesuai dengan prosedur yang dijelaskan dalam standar terkait. Hasil yang dikumpulkan dievaluasi sesuai dengan metode statistik Robust kemudian Z-skor dari laboratorium peserta disajikan.
BINOMIAL LOGIT MODEL UNTUK PEMILIHAN MODA ANTARA PESAWAT UDARA, KERETA API EKSEKUTIF, DAN KERETA API EKSPRES
Authors: Djoko Prijo Utomo  , Mulyadi Sinung Harjono  
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini untuk mengkaji potensi pasar dari rencana pembangunan kereta api ekspres Jakarta â€“ Semarang. Survai stated preference dan model logit binomial digunakan untuk kompetisi antara moda kereta api ekspres dengan pesawat udara maupun kereta api kelas eksekutif yang telah beroperasi. Atribut yang digunakan adalah travel time dan travel cost.Â Hasil analisa regresi untuk model utility cukup baik dengan indikator R2 sebesar 0,51 untuk penumpang pesawat udara dan 0,56 untuk penumpang kereta api kelas api eksekutif. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa penumpang pesawat udara lebih sensitif terhadap perubahan waktu tempuh dibandingkan penumpang KA eksekutif, dan penumpang pesawat udara juga memiliki kemampuan membeli yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan penumpang KA eksekutif. Jika waktu perjalanan KA ekspres 2,8 jam (kecepatan rata-rata 155,5 km/jam), maka potensi pendapatan terbesar terjadi jika tarif Rp. 360.000,-/penumpang.
Faktor-Faktor Primimuda Tidak Melakukan ANC di BPS Sri Wardini P.L. Pagerngumbuk – Sidoarjo
Authors: Adiesti Ferilia 
Published: May 2019

Kehamilan adalah waktu dari konsepsi sampai janin lahir, dengan lama waktul normal adalah 2780 hari atau 9 bulan 7 hari yang dihitung dari hari pertama haid terakhir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi primuda tidak melakukan ANC trimester I BPS Sri wardini Pagerumbuk- Sidoarjo, jenis penelitian ini adalah yaitu menggambarkan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi primuda tidak melakukan ANC trimester I BPS Sri Wardini Pagerngumbuk- Sidoarjo. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan total populasi sampling sebanyak 20 responden, teknik pengumpulan data melalui pengumpulan data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi primuda tidak melakukan ANCtrimester I BPS Sri Wardini Pagerngumbuk- Sidoarjo seperti ; tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan pengetahuan dan sikap suami ibu primuda.
Kata kunci: Ante natal care, primuda
Peran Pemerintah Desa Panggungharjo Bantul Dalam Mewujudkan Good Governance Melalui Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Desa
Authors: Suryani Dewi Amanatun 
Published: May 2019

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p class="Default">Implementasi Undang-Undang Desa secara umum memberikan kesempatan kepada desa untuk melakukan demokratisasi proses kebijakan, konsolidasi sumber daya dan aset, dan penguatan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan memunculkan partisipasi dari masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran Pemerintah desa dalam mewujudkan penyelenggaraan tata pemerintahan yang baik, transparan dan akuntabel melalui pengembangan sistem informasi desa. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa Desa Panggungharjo Kecamatan Sewon Bantul telah menerapkan keterbukaan informasi yang memberikan kesempatan kepada masyarakat untuk mengakses informasi publik desa. Pemerintah Desa mempunyai komitmen untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi desa melalui penyediaan website yang memuat profil desa, program kegiatan, dan laporan penggunaan anggaran. Dalam mewujudkan <em>good goverment</em>, desa Panggungharjo masih memiliki kendala diantaranya keterbatasan sumber daya manusia dalam memahami peraturan perundang-undangan tentang keterbukaan informasi publik dan pengelolaan sistem informasi desa, metode kerja yang implementatif dan teruji, prosedur layanan informasi publik, penyediaan informasi publik sesuai kebutuhan, dan sebagian masyarakat kurang berpartisipasi aktif dalam proses pengambilan kebijakan maupun pengawasan penyelengaraan pemerintahan.</p><p> </p><p>Kata Kunci : Peran Pemerintah Desa; <em>Good Governance</em>; Sistem Informasi Desa.</p>
La salle de l’Histoire canadienne: recension
Authors: Marshall Dominique 
Published: May 2019

Une revue des choix thématiques et muséaux de la salle d’Histoire canadienne dans le contexte des débats historiographiques et politiques entourant l’annonce de la rénovation du Musée et du changement de son nom et de sa vocation : place de l’histoire autochtone, identités nationales, techniques d’engagement avec les citoyens et relations entre générations de visiteurs.
Broken Rear Wheel Suspension
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A suspension bushing separated from the disk on the rear wheel suspension of a racing vehicle while under operation on an express highway, causing the wheel to detach from the car. Visual inspection showed fresh turning grooves at four built-up fillet welds on the torus of the outside of the disk. The welding heat and rapid cooling caused the base material of the disk – already with a martensitic structure – to harden throughout the torus, both of which caused cracking in the inner and outer fillets at the transition from bushing to disk. Visual inspection of the other rear wheel showed similar stress cracks in the hardened base material of the transition region as well as the same four welds. Rough finishing and the sharp-edged formation of the cross section transition may have also contributed to the failure. The results of the investigation suggested that machine shops neither execute nor permit repair-welds on highly stressed machine parts and especially vehicle components.
Worn Gears for Fuel Injection Pumps
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Two fuel injection pump gears that were nitrided in a cyanide bath were submitted by the engine manufacturer for examination of hardness distribution and failure analysis. The gears showed signs of wear after only comparatively brief operation. They were made of normalized unalloyed steel C 45 (Material No. 1.0503) according to DIN 17200 and were normalized. Gear 1 with 1905 h of operation showed at one side pittings on both flanks of the teeth as well as incipient fractures. Gear 2 with 1713 h of operation also showed at one side incipient fractures of the nitride layers at the outer part of the teeth. The nitride layer did not stand up to the high and one-sided compressive stress applied in this case and could not prevent pitting. It could even have accelerated the wear by the incipient break down. Gas nitriding at greater depth under application of a suitable special steel or case hardening would have been better under these circumstances.
Damaged Cylinder Lining from a Diesel Motor
Authors: Kauczor Egon 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A cast iron cylinder liner from a diesel engine suffered localized damage on the cooling water side leading to serration of the edges and heavy pitting. This heavy damage was cavitation damage, frequently observed in diesel motor cylinders. To combat such damage the following measures are recommended in the specialist literature: reduction in piston play; reduction in the amplitude by thicker-walled linings; hard chromizing of the cooling water side; and, addition of a protective oil to the cooling water. The effect of the protective oil is presumably based on a film of oil which forms on the cylinder surface and which is not so easily scoured off during vibration. The effect of the imploding vacuum bubbles is reduced by the oil film which can renew itself from the emulsion.
An Example of Incidence of Non-Metallic Inclusions in an Alloy Steel
Authors: Chatterjee P. K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
There was a large incidence of surface defects on the crank pins and journals and other areas of crank shafts of a high power automotive engine. The steel used was a Cr-Mo type of nitriding steel. Metallographic observations conclusively proved that the defective areas were entrapment of foreign bodies, resulting from steel making/deoxidizing/teeming stages. The occasionally globular nature of the foreign particles suggested these were formed at the liquid condition of the steel. The ratio of Mn-Si as seen on electron probe microanalysis also suggested the globules high in Mn content might have resulted in deoxidizing stage. Particularly the absence of Fe in some areas in the inclusion was indicative of precipitation deoxidation by ferromanganese/ferrosilicon. The defects apparently did not have time to coalesce and rise up to the top.
Discoloration of Open-Circuit Sensor Coil
Authors: Suess S.J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An electronic sensor coil failed continuity testing, indicating that a break was present in the polymer-coated wire. An area of the wire showed a green discoloration and the break in the wire was located in this same region. The discoloration was suspected to be an indicator of what caused the failure. SEM/EDS and FTIR results showed the break in the coil wire was associated with corrosion. The corrosion debris contained relatively high levels of sodium and chlorine, which were likely in the form of salt. Some salt deposits were noted also in other areas along the wire surface. The findings suggested salt or salt water had leaked into the sensor and caused localized corrosion to the wire, possibly at an area where preexisting damage was present in the coating. Separation occurred in the wire when the current density at the reduced cross section caused excessive localized heating, which led to melting of the wire.
Failure of High Tensile Bolts
Authors: Kothari N.C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Six galvanized high-tensile steel bolts were used to hold the wheels of a four-wheel drive vehicle. The right hand rear wheel of this vehicle detached causing the vehicle to roll and resulting in considerable damage to the body. The wheel was detached by shearing of four of the bolts and stripping the nuts from the other two bolts, which remained unbroken. SEM fractography of the fracture surfaces of the four broken bolts indicated that the failure was due to reversed bending fatigue. Optical microscopy indicated that the bolts were heat treated to a tempered martensite structure and that the nuts were manufactured from low carbon steel. The paper discusses the influence of the microstructure on the failure process the events surrounding the nature of incident and the analysis of in-service failure of the failed components utilizing conventional metallurgical techniques.
Metallographic Examination of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in a Fire Truck Water Tank
Authors: Ackerson T.N. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Several type 304 stainless steel fire truck water tanks developed through-wall leaks after being in service for approximately two years. One representative tank underwent a comprehensive laboratory analysis, which included metallographic examinations and chemical analyses. The examinations revealed a classic case of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), which preferentially attacked the heat affected zones of the tank welds, resulting in the leaks.
Cracking in a Boiler Steam Drum
Authors: da Silveira T.L. , Le May I. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
During the inspection of a boiler containing cracks at the superheater header connection, cracking also was detected within the main steam drum. This was fabricated from a Mn-Mo-V low-alloy steel. It operated with water and saturated steam at approximately 335 deg C. Cracking was detected at the nozzles connecting the tubes for the entry of steam and hot water to the drum, at the downcomers, and at the connection to the safety valve. All cracks had a similar morphology, running in a longitudinal direction along the drum from the cutouts in the shell. All the cracks had developed under the influence of the hoop stress and were associated with the locally increased stress levels relating to the cutouts at nozzle and pipe connections. At their ends the cracks were filled with corrosion products, and their surfaces were seen to be very irregular. The process of crack growth was not due to fatigue only but can most probably be attributed to corrosion fatigue. The boiler steam drum design should be reviewed to reduce the local level of stress at the shell-nozzle connections.
Failure at a Steam Outlet Collector
Authors: da Silveira T.L. , Le May I. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A superheater in a generator produced 80 t/h of steam at 400 deg C and 41 kPa. Failure took place at the connection from the collector to the vent line used during start up. The material of construction was carbon steel, and the unit had 240,000 h of operation at the time of failure, with 99 shutdowns. Widespread cracking on the inside was apparent, the most severe cracking being some distance from the nozzle connection in a downstream direction. Widespread cracking and pitting were observed also at the connections to the safety valve and soot blower. Pitting was most apparent on the downstream sides of the openings in the shell. In all the damaged areas the mechanism of failure involved surface pitting and subsequent SCC. This failure showed the problems that can develop where there are long lines in which condensation may occur and return periodically to a superheater or other hot component. In this particular case, control of dissolved solids in the boiler feedwater may have been inadequate.
Failure of a Superheater Outlet Tube
Authors: da Silveira T.L. , Le May I. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
After some 87,000 h of operation, failure took place in the bend of a steam pipe connecting a coil of the third superheater of a steam generator to the outlet steam collector. The unit operated at 538 deg C and 135 kPa, producing 400 t/h of steam. The 2.25Cr-1Mo steel pipe in which failure took place was 50.8 mm in diam with a nominal wall thickness of 8 mm. It connected to the AISI 321 superheater tube by means of a butt weld and was one of 46 such parallel connecting tubes. The Cr-Mo tubing was situated outside the heat transfer zone of the superheater. The overall sequence of failure involved overheating of the Cr-Mo outlet tubes, heavy oxidation, oxide cracking on thermal cycling, thermal fatigue cracking plus oxidation, creep-controlled crack growth, and rapid plastic deformation and rupture. This failure was indicative of excess temperature of the steam coming from the heat transfer zone of the coil. It showed that many damage mechanisms may combine in the transition from fracture initiation to final failure. The presence of grain boundary sliding as an indication of creep damage was useful in the characterization of the stress level as high and showed that the process of creep was not operative throughout the life of the equipment.