bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flail Chest: Less Deadly than Originally Thought
Authors: Benjamin Elizabeth , Recinos Gustavo , Aiolfi Alberto , Inaba Kenji , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionFlail chest is considered a highly morbid condition with reported mortality ranging from 10 to 20%. It is often associated with other severe injuries, which may complicate management and interpretation of outcomes. The physiologic impact and prognosis of isolated flail chest injury is poorly defined.MethodsThis is a National Trauma Databank study. All patients from 1/2007 to 12/2014 admitted with flail chest were extracted. Patients with head or abdominal AIS ≥3, dead on arrival, or transferred, were excluded. Primary outcome was mortality; secondary outcomes were need for mechanical ventilation and pneumonia.ResultsOf the 1,047,519 patients with blunt chest injury, 14,718 (1.4%) patients presented with flail chest, and 8098 (0.77%) met inclusion criteria. The most commonly associated intrathoracic injuries were hemothorax (57.9%) and lung contusions (63.0%), while sternal fracture (8.8%) and cardiac contusion (2.5%) were less common. In total, 29.8% of patients required mechanical ventilation, and 11.2% developed pneumonia. Overall mortality was 5.6%. On multivariable analysis, age >65 and need for mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors for mortality (OR 6.02, 3.75, respectively, p < 0.001). Independent predictors for mechanical ventilation included cardiac or pulmonary contusion and sternal fractures (OR 3.78, 2.38, 2.29, respectively, p < 0.001). Need for mechanical ventilation was an independent predictor of pneumonia (OR 13.18, p < 0.001).ConclusionsMortality in isolated flail chest is much lower than previously reported. Fewer than 30% of patients require mechanical ventilation. Need for mechanical ventilation, however, is independently associated with mortality and pneumonia. Age >65 is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes, and these patients may benefit by more aggressive monitoring and treatment.
Persistent major alopecia following adjuvant docetaxel for breast cancer: incidence, characteristics, and prevention with scalp cooling
Authors: Martín M. , de la Torre-Montero J. C. , López-Tarruella S. , Pinilla K. , Casado A. , Fernandez S. , Jerez Y. , Puente J. , Palomero I. , González del Val R. , del Monte-Millan M. , Massarrah T. , Vila C. , García-Paredes B. , García-Sáenz J. A. , Lluch A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background
Persistent alopecia (PA) after docetaxel has been recently described. The aim of our study is to establish the incidence and characteristics of PA following adjuvant docetaxel for breast cancer (BC) and to test the ability of scalp cooling in prevention.

Patients and methods
BC patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy followed or not by endocrine therapy (and a control group receiving only endocrine therapy) were interviewed in a single institution at 1.5 to 5 years following primary diagnosis searching for PA. A confirmatory prevalence study was later performed in other two institutions. Finally, a prevention study using prophylactic scalp cooling (PSC) with ELASTO-GEL hypothermia caps in patients receiving adjuvant docetaxel was performed.

Results
In the initial prevalence study (492 patients), minor forms of PA (grade 1) were recorded with all chemotherapy regimens and aromatase inhibitors. Patients receiving docetaxel regimens at cumulative dose (CD) ≥ 400 mmg/m2 presented a significantly higher prevalence of grades 1 PA (33–52%) and 2 PA (5–12%). Prevalence of grade 2 PA with docetaxel CD ≥ 400 mmg/m2 was confirmed in two other institutions. Overall, grade 2 PA was seen in 10.06% (95% CI 7.36–13.61) of 358 patients with docetaxel regimens reaching CD ≥ 400 mmg/m2, but not in patients with lower docetaxel CD, other chemotherapy regimens, or endocrine therapy alone. In prevention trial, no grade 2 PA occurred among 116 patients receiving adjuvant docetaxel (≥ 400 mmg/m2) and PSC followed-up after a 96 months median time. PSC was well tolerated. No scalp relapses were seen among 30 patients (22% of all inclusions) having disease relapse.

Conclusion
Adjuvant treatment with docetaxel (CD ≥ 400 mmg/m2) is associated with a significant rate of grade 2 PA, leading to wearing a wig, in around 10% of patients. This toxicity was completely prevented with scalp cooling. Clinical Trial Reference: NCT00515762.
Size Distribution of Graphite Nodules in Hypereutectic Cast Irons of Varying Nodularity
Authors: Domeij Björn , Hernando Juan Carlos , Diószegi Attila 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
An SGI was machined into 400 g cylindrical pieces and remelted in an electrical resistance furnace protected by Ar gas to produce materials ranging from SGI to CGI. The graphite morphology was controlled by varying the holding time at 1723 K (1450 °C) between 10 and 60 minutes. The discrete sectional size distribution of nodules by number density was measured on cross sections of the specimens and translated to volumetric distribution by volume fraction. Subpopulations of nodules were distinguished by fitting Gaussian distribution functions to the measured distribution. Primary and eutectic graphite, were found to account for most of the volume of nodular graphite in all cases. For holding times of 40 minutes and greater, corresponding to nodularity roughly below 40 pct, the primary subpopulation was very small and difficult to distinguish, leaving eutectic nodules as the dominant subpopulation. The mode and standard deviation of the two subpopulations were roughly independent of nodularity. Moreover, the nodular and vermicular graphite were segregated in the microstructure. In conclusion, the results suggest that the parallel development of the vermicular eutectic had small influence on the size distribution of eutectic graphite nodules.
Judgmental selection of forecasting models
Authors: Petropoulos Fotios , Kourentzes Nikolaos , Nikolopoulos Konstantinos , Siemsen Enno 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we explored how judgment can be used to improve the selection of a forecasting model. We compared the performance of judgmental model selection against a standard algorithm based on information criteria. We also examined the efficacy of a judgmental model‐build approach, in which experts were asked to decide on the existence of the structural components (trend and seasonality) of the time series instead of directly selecting a model from a choice set. Our behavioral study used data from almost 700 participants, including forecasting practitioners. The results from our experiment suggest that selecting models judgmentally results in performance that is on par, if not better, to that of algorithmic selection. Further, judgmental model selection helps to avoid the worst models more frequently compared to algorithmic selection. Finally, a simple combination of the statistical and judgmental selections and judgmental aggregation significantly outperform both statistical and judgmental selections.
Perceptions of Resilience and Physical Health Symptom Improvement Following Post Disaster Integrated Health Services
Authors: Osofsky Howard J. , Weems Carl F. , Graham Rebecca A. , Osofsky Joy D. , Hansel Tonya C. , King Lucy S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTheorists and researchers have linked resilience with a host of positive psychological and physical health outcomes. This paper examines perceptions of resilience and physical health symptoms in a sample of individuals exposed to multiple community disasters following involvement in integrated mental health services.MethodsA multiwave naturalistic design was used to follow 762 adult clinic patients (72% female; 28% minority status), ages 18-92 years (mean age=40 years), who were evaluated for resilience and physical health symptoms prior to receiving services and at 1, 3, and 6 months’ follow-up.ResultsData indicated increases in perceptions of resilience and decreased physical health symptoms reported over time. Results also indicated that resilience predicted physical health symptoms, such that resilience and physical health symptoms were negatively associated (ie, improved resilience was associated with decreases in physical health symptoms). These effects were primarily observed for those individuals with previous exposure to natural disasters.ConclusionsFindings provide correlational evidence for behavioral health treatment provided as part of a stepped-care, collaborative model in reducing physical health symptoms and increasing resilience post-disaster. Controlled trials are warranted. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:223–229)
Developing a New Measure of Party Dominance: Definition, Operationalization and Application to 54 European Regions
Authors: Vampa Davide 
Published: June 2018

AbstractParty dominance is not clearly conceptualized and operationalized in the existing literature and has rarely been quantitatively assessed and explained. This study defines dominance as a combination of absolute dominance – the percentage of parliamentary seats won by the largest ruling party – and relative dominance, which takes into account the strength of its main competitor. Based on this definition, it would be possible to calculate an average score of party dominance over a defined period of time. The index developed here is applied to the main ruling parties in 54 regions from 1995 to 2015. Variation in regional party dominance during this period is then explained by considering dominance at the national level, differences in regional socioeconomic development and political legacies. In the last part of the article, individual party scores are aggregated by region. Association between this new aggregate score and regional quality of government is tested.
New data from terp excavations on sea-level index points and salt marsh sedimentation rates in the eastern part of the Dutch Wadden Sea
Authors: Nieuwhof Annet , Vos Peter C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper presents new geological data from two terp excavations at Englum and Ezinge, in the Dutch province of Groningen, and compares them to similar data from the western part of Friesland, in particular from the terp of Wijnaldum-Tjitsma. This terp is situated at a salt marsh ridge of the same height and thickness as Englum and Ezinge, although habitation started 650 years later at Wijnaldum. The measured levels of the tidal-flat/salt-marsh boundary underneath these terps make it possible to reconstruct palaeo-Mean High Water (MHW) levels. These sea-level index points show that palaeo-MHW in the Groningen part of the Wadden Sea was at the upper limit of the range of palaeo-MHW that has been reconstructed for the Dutch Wadden Sea on the basis of data from its western part. The deviating levels indicate that there are differences between regions of the Wadden Sea; this has earlier been established for the German section of the Wadden Sea. In the eastern part of the Dutch Wadden Sea, MHW nowadays is considerably higher than in the western part of the Wadden Sea; the data suggest that this may have been the case already in the 1st millennium BC. Salt marsh levels under dated terp layers make it possible to establish the rate of sedimentation of the developing salt marsh, at 23–91 cm per century for the pioneer zone and low marsh. This rate of development slowed to 4–5 cm per century for the middle marsh and 3–4 cm per century for the high salt marsh.
THE OPERA FORM: SIX OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Ingólfsson Atli 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this article I argue that it seems to be an inherent quality of the opera medium that it maintain an active and creative approach to all aspects of stage art and that these can and should be part of the composition since their relation to music is no less obvious than that of text to music. I examine the equivalence of speech and song, the equivalence of opera and theatre in general, the relative status of text and other aspects of the form, the relative status of formal development and melody, the equivalence of stage character and form, and the abstract nature of the concept of plot.
112 Healthcare Utilization and Costs for Patients With Tardive Dyskinesia
Authors: Carroll Benjamin , Juneau Paul , Irwin Debra 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionTardive dyskinesia (TD) is an often-irreversible movement disorder that usually results from prolonged use of antipsychotics. Although the burden of TD on patients’ quality of life has been reported, there is limited evidence of its impact on the healthcare system.ObjectiveTo assess healthcare utilization and costs between TD and non-TD patients in a sample of patients from the commercially insured and Medicare Supplemental US populations.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using Truven MarketScan Commercial/Medicare claims data. For each patient included in the analysis, the index date was set as the first TD diagnosis between 1/1/2008 and 9/30/2014. Patients with TD were then matched to similar patients without TD to compare resource utilization andcosts. Descriptive statistics on the incidence of resource utilization and costs of healthcare were reported.ResultsA total of 1020 patients were included in this analysis. TD patients had significantly greater annual all-cause (TD: $54,656; non-TD: $28,777) and mental health-related (TD: $10,199; non-TD: $2,605) healthcare costs compared with non-TD patients (P<0.01). This was primarily because a higher proportion of the TD patientsexperienced hospitalizations (all-cause 56%; mental health 17%) and emergency room visits (all-cause 62%; mental health 27%) compared with non-TD patients(hospitalizations: all-cause 26%, mental health 5%; emergency room visits: all-cause 41%; mental health 13%) (all P<0.001).ConclusionsPatients identified as being diagnosed with TD demonstrate significantly higher healthcare utilization and costs in the 12 months after diagnosis than do similar patients without TD.Presented at: Psych Congress; September 16–19, 2017; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.Funding AcknowledgementsThis study was funded by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petach Tikva, Israel.
119 Refraction Focus Hallucination: The Role of Increased Excitation at Thalamus in Complex Visual Hallucination
Authors: Yang Chunhui , Nayati Jasir T. , Janjua Khurram , Ahmed Asma , Rekhi Angela , Hirsch Alan R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStudy Objective(s)The pathogenesis of complex visual hallucination in patients without visual lesions, appearing with eyes open and resolving with eyes closed, has been described to be associated with increased excitation at the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and pulvinar of the thalamus (Winton-Brown, 2016). This reduces thefidelity of retinogeniculate transmissions and enhances aberrant projections to the visual cortex. Loss of the central sensory filtering function of the pulvinar increases “signal to noise ratio” in visual transmission. While visual hallucinations have been reported to disappear on eye closure (Manford, 1998), visual aberration with correction with refractionfollowed by focusing on actual visual images and visual hallucinations has not heretofore been reported. Such a case is presented.MethodCase study: This 28-year-old, myopic, right-handed man, at 5 years of age began hallucinating vivid images of people. The visual hallucinations were triggered only with his eye open. He was myopic and without visual correction, his visual sphere would be blurred. The visual hallucinations were also blurred without visual correction. With refraction, the hallucinations became clearly in focus. He would close his eyes and the visual hallucinations disappeared but would reappear in the same position upon opening his eyes. For over 20 years, he experienced about 100 hallucinations a day. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed continuous spikes and slow waves in bilateral temporal lobes, consistent with temporal lobe status epilepticus. After treatment with diphenylhydantoin the frequency and duration of the hallucinations markedly decreased to a second epoch every other day. However, the characteristic of the hallucinations remained the same (people).ResultsThis phenomenon may involve epilepsy induced excitation of the thalamus. This then acts to reduce the fidelity of retinogeniculate transmission and increase “signal to noise ratio” in visual transmission. This may contribute to complex visual hallucinations with eyes open. The hallucinated figures becoming clearer with eyeglasses provides support that this complex hallucination arises in the pathway from retina-LGN-cortex, not from stored visual associated cortex of top-down cortical release.ConclusionsGiven the above, those with visual hallucinations should be queried as to the influence of refraction on the clarity of hallucination.FundingNo funding.
120 Fragile X Syndrome Sharing Similar Neural Network Abnormalities as ADHD
Authors: Yang Chunhui , Smith Carolyn Beebe , Xing Guoqiang , Gaonkar Sandeep 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTitleFragile X syndrome sharing similar neural network abnormalities as ADHDStudy Objective(s)The Fragile X syndrome (FXS) phenotype typically involves a variety of psychiatric symptoms, including features of autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and aggression. Studies have shown that ADHD is characterized by multiple functional and structural neural network abnormalities including fronto-striatal, fronto-parieto-temporal, fronto-cerebellar and fronto-limbic networks (Rubia, 2014; Norman, 2017). Studies have shown that ADHD is characterized by a delay in structural brain maturation (Rubia, 2007). Absence of the FMR1 gene product Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) results in FXS, an inherited form of mental retardation. FMRP is an RNA binding protein functioning as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. In a knockout mouse model of FXS (Fmr1 null), Qin, et al showed regionally selective effects on cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (rCMRglc) (Qin, 2002) and rates of cerebral protein synthesis (Qin, 2005). In the present study, we asked if there is a relationship between brain regions most vulnerable to the effects of the absence of FMRP in the Fmr1 null mouse, and if the distribution consistent with the structural and functional brain abnormalities in ADHD. We also asked if there is a difference between males and females in the regional distributions and the levels of the FXR mRNAs.MethodWe used 35S-labeled probes specific for the mRNAs to perform in situ hybridization on brains from male (n=4) and female (n=4) mice at 6 months of age. Flowing hybridization, brain sections were exposed to X-ray film and optical density were measured in nine brain regions on autoradiograms of sections hybridized to the probe.ResultsThe highest levels of expression we observed were in the cerebellum, granular layers of the hippocampus. Levels of expression were also high in CA1 pyramidal neurons of hippocampus, amygdala and granule layer of olfactory bulb. We found intermediate levels in the anterior hypothalamus and in cingulate and frontal cortex. Low levels of expression were found in thalamus and caudate. The distribution for the probe was similar in male and female mice, but we found a tendency for male mice to have higher levels than females.Funding AcknowledgementsNo funding.
128 Effect of DR/ER-MPH on Early Morning and Late Afternoon/Evening Functioning in Children With ADHD: Analysis of PREMB-R Items From a Phase 3 Trial
Authors: Pliszka Steven R. , Arnold Valerie K. , Marraffino Andrea , DeSousa Norberto J. , Incledon Bev , Sallee F. Randy , Wilens Timothy E. , Newcorn Jeffrey H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveIn a phase 3 trial of children with ADHD, DR/ER-MPH (formerly HLD200), a delayed-release and extended-release methylphenidate, improved ADHD symptoms and reduced at-home early morning and late afternoon/evening functional impairments versus placebo, as measured by the validated Parent Rating of Evening andMorning Behaviors-Revised, Morning (PREMB-R AM) and Evening (PREMB-R PM) subscales. This post hoc analysis evaluated the effect of DR/ER-MPH versus placebo onindividual PREMB-R AM/PM item scores.MethodData were analyzed from a pivotal, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 trial of DR/ER-MPH in children (6-12 years) withADHD (NCT02520388). Using the 3-item PREMB-R AM and 8-item PREMB-R PM, both key secondary endpoints, investigators evaluated early morning and lateafternoon/evening functional impairment by scoring each item on a severity scale from 0 (none) to 3 (a lot). For post hoc analyses, treatment comparisons between DR/ER-MPH and placebo at endpoint were determined by using least squares mean changes from baseline on individual PREMB-R AM/PM items score derived from an analysis ofcovariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment as the main effect, and study center and baseline score as covariates.ResultsOf 163 children enrolled across 22 sites, 161 were included in the intent-to-treat population (DR/ER-MPH, n=81; placebo, n=80) and 138 completed the study. The mean DR/ER-MPH dose achieved after 3 weeks of treatment was 68.1 mg. Following 3 weeks of treatment, DR/ER-MPH significantly reduced mean individual item scores from baseline versus placebo on all PREMB-R AM items (all P≤0.002; “getting out of bed”, “getting ready”, and “arguing or struggling in the morning”). Additionally, DR/ER-MPH significantly reduced mean individual item scores from baseline on 5 out of 8 PREMB-R PM items (P<0.01 in 2 items [“sitting through dinner” and “playing quietly”] and P<0.05 in 3 items [“inattentive/distractible”, “transitioning between activities”, and “settling down/getting ready for bed”]). There was a trend towards a reduction on 2 other items of the PREMB-R PM (P<0.09). Distributions of the ratings for each item will be presented. No serious TEAEs were reported; TEAEs were consistent withmethylphenidate.ConclusionsPost hoc analyses revealed that DR/ER-MPH significantly reduced all PREMB-R AM item scores, including “getting out of bed”, and many PREMB-R PM items, including “getting ready for bed” in children with ADHD. These findings are worth further exploration.Funding AcknowledgementsIronshore Pharmaceuticals & Development, Inc.