bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiographic Changes in Pediatric Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Mostafa El-Ganzory Mona , Elguindy Waleed Mohamed Mohamed , El-Gendy Yasmen Gamal Abdo , Elsamman Nora , Sadek Hadeel Yasser Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 may present with cardiac involvement such as shock, elevated troponin or, pro- brain natriuretic peptide level, coronary artery involvement, ventricular dysfunction, and arrhythmia. The most frequent electrocardiographic findings are low QRS amplitude, nonspecific ST segment changes and T-wave abnormalities. PR interval prolongation and first-degree AV block are also common in patients with MIS-C.

Aim of the Study
To evaluate the electrocardiogram changes in pediatric patients with COVID-19.

Patients and Methods
The present study is a cross sectional study which included 75 patients with definite, probable or evidence of previous COVID-19 infection (based on positive PCR, IgM or IgG), who were admitted at El Demerdash Pediatrics Hospital. Each child had two electrocardiogram done (on presentation and on third day of admission).

Results
The median age of our population was five years. Thirty five were females and fourty were males. On presentation, our patients had regular rythm, bradycardia was found among 9 patients (12%) and tachycardia was found among 17 patients (22.7%). Four patients (5.3%) showed prolonged PR interval, one patient (1.3%)showed prolonged QRS complex, one patient showed Right axis deviation and four patients (5.3%) showed left axis deviation, prolonged QT interval was found among four patients(5.3%). Regarding T wave, there was inversion in V1 in 27 patients(37.5%) and inversion in v4 in 24 patients(32.9%). All these findings disappeared with follow up on day three of admission.

Conclusion
Electrocardiogram may represent a crucial test in the diagnosis of myocardial injury or heart rythm disturbances in patients with SARS-COV-2.
Caveolin-1 Level in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Mohamed Elbyoumi Afify Mohamed Abo-Elasrar , Elhenawy Yasmine Ibrahim , Kamel Salem Hanaa Ragab , ElSamman Nora 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Diabetic nephropathy is a major vascular related complication of diabetes and the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Caveolin-1 is a significant regulator of cellular adhesion and migration, playing a key role in signal transduction.

Aim
Assess caveolin level among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and highlight the relation between caveolin level and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER).

Methodology
A comparative cross-sectional study recruiting a total of 50 participants with type1 diabetes and 25 age and gender matched controls. Participants with type1 diabetes were equally divided into a normoalbuminuric and a microalbuminuric group according to (UAER). Caveolin level was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay.

Results
Caveolin levels were higher in patients with diabetes compared to healthy controls (p &lt; 0.01). Among patients with type 1 diabetes, caveolin levels were significantly higher in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to patients without diabetic nephropathy (p &lt; 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that a cut off value of caveolin more than 6 ng/ml best differentiated patients with diabetic nephropathy from those without nephropathy with a specificity of 96%. Additionally, data from the current showed that caveolin levels positively correlated with (UAER) and HbA1c.

Conclusion
Caveolin levels are significantly associated with UAE in patients with type 1 diabetes. These findings may support the concept that elevated caveolin may be associated with diabetic angiopathy and could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Socio-Demographic, Epidemiological and Clinical Pattern of the Egyptian Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Hasan Hossam Adel Gouda , Khalak Karima Ahmed Abdel , Fouda Eman Mahmoud , El Gaafary Maha Mohamed , Ahmed Ali Heba Allah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease; most definitely serious, transmitted in am autosomal recessive mode, that mainly affects the respiratory and gastrointestinal system. However, little is known about the characteristics of CF among the Egyptian children.

Aim of the Work
To record the demographic, clinical characteristics, diagnostic tools, the most frequent mutations and the outcome of the Egyptian cystic fibrosis children attending our center, paving the way for having national survey of CF children.

Patients and Methods
This was a cross-sectional studywhich was conducted at Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Ain Shams University, Children’s Hospital for a period of 12 month recruiting CF patients attending Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic during their routine visits.

Results
Ninety-six CF patients were included whose ages was 6.44(±4.33) years, and ranged between 0.5 to 17.7 years. Gender distribution was fairly even, with 52.1% males and 47.9% females. Most lived in rural areas (56.3%), while 43.8% were in urban areas. 75% of the patients were of average socioeconomic status. A significant portion had a family history of cystic fibrosis (74%). Diverse initial complaints among participants were reported where the most common was failure to thrive in 30.22% of patients, followed by steatorrheain 29.17%. Recurrent chest infections affected 25% of patients, while delayed passage of meconium was reported in 7.3%. The most common presenting symptoms were cough (96.9%) followed by steatorrhea(92.7%) followed by expectoration(84.4%) and wheezes 81.3%. The most common genetic mutations wasF508del (30.2%) No mortality has been reported among the studied cystic fibrosis patients

Conclusion
the comprehensive data presented in this study provide a thorough understanding of the clinical profile, most common mutations and outcomes of the 96 pediatric patients with CF in a single center which is recommended to be done in all centers caring for CF patients to allow establishment of CF registry in Egypt
Oxidative Stress Status in Gaucher Disease under Enzyme Replacement Therapy
Authors: Adly Amira Abdel Moneam , Ismail Eman Abdel Rahman , Ibrahim Fatma A , Sayed Khaled Anwar El , Aly Nihal Hussien 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Enzymatic deficiency in patients with Gaucher disease (GD) may induce a cascade of events that results in production of reactive oxygen species that can then generate oxidative stress.

Objectives
This study assessed the oxidant-antioxidant status in Egyptian patients with GD under enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and its relation to disease severity.

Methods
This study included 40 patients with GD with median age 10 years (11 had type 1 GD and 29 had type 3 GD). All patients were on stable dose of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). All included patients were subjected to detailed medical history with special emphasis on hepatic, skeletal, hematological and skeletal manifestations as well as history of splenectomy and ERT (dose, type and duration. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed. Severity score index was assessed. Complete blood count, liver enzymes, lyso GL1, malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index for lipid peroxidation was measured and antioxidant enzymes (reduced glutathione [GSH], superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and peroxiredoxin 2 [PRDX2] levels) were assessed. Oxidant-antioxidant status was compared with levels of 40 age and sex-matched healthy controls.

Results
Patients with GD had significantly higher levels of MDA compared with healthy controls (median, 19.6 versus 7.19 mg/dL; p &lt; 0.001). GSH was significantly lower in GD patients with a median 0.95 versus healthy controls 8.92 mg/dL (p &lt; 0.001). Mean levels of SOD, GPX and PRDX2 were significantly decreased in GD patients (p &lt; 0.001 for all). Severity score index was positively correlated to MDA (r = - 0.511, p = 0.023) while negatively correlated to PRDX2 (r = - 0.562, p = 0.01). PRDX2 was negatively correlated to lyso GL1 (r = -0.569, p = 0.009).

Conclusions
Oxidative stress is prevalent in pediatric patients with GD and related to disease severity. This helps to understand GD pathophysiology ad allow the use of antioxidants as an adjuvant therapy to decrease disease burden.
Assessment of Psychological Impact among Hospitalized Children; Single Centre Study
Authors: Abdelaziz Eman Amin , Youssef Azza Mohamed , Abdel Raouf Batoul Mohamed , Elhamid Salwa Amin Abd , Zakaria Mahmoud Mennat Allah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The modern hospital environment is geared towards providing a safe and healing environment for those afflicted with a variety of illnesses. Staying in the hospital may affect patient's behavior and emotions, which may have an impact on patient's health and development.

Aim of Work
The aim of the work was Psychosocial and mental health assessment among the hospitalized children between 7 to 12 years of age via clinical psychosocial structured interview for patients using Pediatric symptom checklist (PSCL) and assessment of pain using VAS (visual analogue scale for pain).

Subjects and Methods
This was a Cross Sectional Study curried out at Children’s Hospital Faculty of Medicine for 1 year duration on hospitalized children; the studied populations were divided into cases group and control group. Cases group were further divided according to the presence of acute or chronic illness. Children aging from 7 years to 12 years, children diagnosed with medical illness or surgical cause or both were included to this study in the cases group. While in control group matched healthy children were added. Children in pediatric intensive care unit or with known psychiatric illness were excluded. Detailed medical history through direct interview with the patients & their legal guardian was done. Psychosocial assessment & interview: The following questionnaires were being applied: Clinical psychosocial structured interview for patients using Pediatric symptom checklist (PSCL) to facilitate recognition of emotional and behavioral problems (Arabic version). Assessment of pain using VAS (visual analogue scale for pain).

Results
Higher results were found between the 3 groups in all subscales of PSC-17 being higher in chronic illness then acute illness then control group with P value (0.000) in total score, internalizing subscale, attention subscale except for externalizing subscale result where no significant difference found between the 3 groups with P value (0.059). There is a highly significant difference between cases group and control group as regard VAS scale for pain with P value (0.000) while no significant difference found between both acute illness and chronic illness group with P value (0.299).

Conclusion
Hospitalized Children due to chronic or acute conditions are at a higher risk for Psychosocial and mental health disorders as; depression, ADHD and pain in comparison with healthy children.
Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Gastric Emptying in Children with Drug Resistant Epilepsy on Ketogenic Diet
Authors: Nassar May F , Shata Mennatallah O , Ibrahim Haya E , Awadallah Shrouk M , Youssef Mennatullah A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high fat, low carbohydrate, and adequate protein (1 g/kg) diet with a demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in infants and children. Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are often related to scarce tolerance of the diet that results in a significant resistance to the ketogenic diet and even blunting its efficacy. In addition, ketogenic diet’s high-fat content prolongs the gastric emptying time thus favoring gastro-esophageal reflux disease, nausea and vomiting.

Objectives
The objective of the study was to assess the effect KD on Chalfont seizure severity scale and the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on gastric emptying in children with drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) on ketogenic diet (KD).

Patients and Methods
This was a randomized controlled clinical trial that was conducted on thirty children newly diagnosed with DRE. The patients were divided randomly into 2 groups (15 patients received KD with L-carnitine supplementation and the rest received KD only). Patients were assessed at baseline and 3 months of starting KD. Assessments of children included Chalfont Seizures Severity Scale and the antral length by ultrasound.

Results
The mean age of the studied children was 4.5 years in KD with L-carnitine supplementation group and 3.5 years in KD only group, 33.35% of the children were females and 66.65% were males. Our study showed that there was a highly significant increase in weight and height/length for age z-scores in all patients after intervention with p-value=0.002. Our results also showed marked improvement of seizures activity for epileptic children in both groups after 3 months of intervention. Our study proved that the patients who received KD with L-carnitine supplementation showed highly significant increase in HDL level after intervention. A comparison between the two studied groups regarding the antral length by ultrasound showed that there was no statistically significant difference between both groups at time of enrolment and after intervention.

Conclusion
KD is an effective, safe, and tolerable therapy for children with DRE. Although antral length didn’t reach statistically significant difference between both groups initially and after KD therapy, L- carnitine supplementation had a positive effect on fasting lipid profile.
Assessment of Blood Products Transfusion in Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Units Ain Shams University
Authors: Awad H , Ramzi Mira M A , Hussein Mohamed H M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Preterm Neonates, especially very low birth weight infants, remain a category of patients with high transfusion needs. Appropriate transfusion of neonates is vital when the potential clinical benefit outweighs the risk. However, the association between transfusion and adverse outcomes remains inconclusive.

Aim Of The Work
To evaluate transfusion practices in Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Units at Ain Shams University.

Patients and Methods
A cross sectional observational study was conducted on patients selected from Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Units at Ain Shams University- Children’s hospital. There were 703 neonates (29.64%) who received at least one type of blood products (packed red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma or cryoprecipitate) transfusion or underwent exchange transfusion during their hospital stay. All neonates receiving blood products transfusions were assessed for full history taking, clinical parameters i.e. gestational age, birth weight and general examination, indications for admission whether medical or surgical indications. Co-morbid illness such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, sepsis and patent ductus arteriosus were also noted. In addition, the indications for each of blood products transfusion i.e. anemia, exchange transfusion, thrombocytopenia, sepsis or other indications. Then, the requisition was assessed for pre- and post-transfusion laboratory parameters.

Results
Packed red blood cell was the most frequent blood component transfused (82.4%) and the main indication was anemia of prematurity (34.8%). There was a highly statistically significant increase in each of hemoglobin and hematocrit (HCT) post transfusion (with P value &lt;0.0001) and a highly statistically decrease in the required median fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) (with P value &lt;0.0001). 681 neonates (96.9%) presented with comorbidities; the most common comorbidity was neonatal sepsis in 81.2%. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) transfusions were highly statistically significant related to comorbidity development.

Conclusion
Majority of blood transfusions occur during the first 2 weeks of life. Gestational age, birth weight, underlying disease of neonates, the need for oxygen support and blood collection within first two weeks of birth influence their transfusion needs. Sepsis remains the foremost etiological factor for blood component transfusion.
Diagnostic Outcome of Rome IV Criteria in Diagnosis of Functional Constipation among Infants and Children
Authors: Talaat El-Deeb Marwa , Awad Yosra Mohamed Mohsen , El-Ghafar Mohamed Ahmed Abd 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Functional Constipation is one of the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) among children worldwide. Rome IV criteria is used to diagnose functional constipation. The use of Rome questionnaire for screening also reveals other associated FGIDs.

Objective
To assess the outcome of Rome IV criteria in diagnosis of functional constipation among infants and children and follow up of cases to uncover any organic causes among them.

Methods
Cross-sectional, controlled study on 121 patients diagnosed as constipation with no red flags, selected from Pediatric Gastroenterology & General Clinics in Ain Shams University, Egypt. Patients were divided into 2 groups, below 4 years old (21 patients) and above 4 years old (100 patients) based upon the age stratification of the Rome criteria which was applied to all patients.

Results
There was nearly equal gender affection with a median age of 10 months among patients younger than 4 years, and a median age of 7 years old among patients older than 4 years. It was found that 38.1% of infants had a mixed diagnosis, where infant colic and regurgitation occurred in 9.5% and 33.3% of cases respectively. While among the group above 4 years old, Functional Dyspepsia represented the most common associated FGID (64%), followed by Aerophagia (8%), then Functional Vomiting (5%), while Abdominal Migraine and Functional Nausea represented 3% and 1% of all cases respectively. Upon follow up none of the patients developed any organic disease.

Conclusion
We concluded that diagnosis and follow up of patients using Rome IV is efficient in excluding organic diseases and diagnosing functional constipation (FC) and it avoids the need for further investigations. Moreover, Rome questionnaire was able to detect other FGIDs associated with constipation.
Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Sleep Quality of Children with Drug Resistant Epilepsy and Their Mothers
Authors: Fathy El-Rashidy Omnia , Nassar May Fouad , Shata Mennatallah Osama , AbdelMageed Reham Ibrahim , El-haggar Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) often suffer from sleep disorders and psychosocial dysfunction. Their mothers also complain of sleep difficulties in relation to poorly controlled of seizure activity of their children. Recently, several studies confirmed the positive effects of the ketogenic diet (KD) on DRE both in adult and in pediatric populations.

Objectives
The objective of the study was to assess the effect of using KD as an adjuvant treatment on the sleep quality of children with DRE and their mothers.

Patients and Methods
The current prospective observational study was conducted on forty epileptic children on KD who followed up at Pediatric Neurology and Clinical Nutrition Outpatient clinics or were admitted due to drug resistant seizures at the Pediatric Neurology Department. Patients and their mothers were assessed at baseline and after 3 months of starting KD. Measures for children included children’s sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ) and measures for mothers included Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Results
The mean age of the studied children was 5.19 years (±3.22). About 52.5% of the children’s parents were relatives and 20% of the children had a perinatal history of neonatal asphyxia, 87.5% gave a history of delayed development and 5% had a family history of similar cases. For children the mean score of CSHQ showed a statistically significant difference between baseline and after 3 months of starting KD with p value (&lt;0.001). Regarding the mothers, the results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in PSQI between baseline and after 3 months of their children starting KD with p value (&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
The results of this study showed an improvement of sleep quality for children with drug resistant epilepsy and their mothers over the course of 3 months of KD therapy.
Diabetes Self-Management Smartphone Application: Patient Satisfaction Survey for Rightest app Using the Short Version User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ-S) : A Single Center Pilot Study
Authors: Elbarbary Nancy S , Fereig Yasmeen A , Mohamed Mohamed O 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The ability of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to improve glycemic control depends on their ability to interpret and act on blood glucose results. We investigated applicants satisfaction when switching to blood glucose meters (BGMs) featuring rightest app via Bluetooth using their smartphones.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the app (rightest) and the participants satisfaction after using the app in 3 months interval by using UEQ -S score.

Methods
This is an observational study, conducted at the Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Unit, Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University (PADU), on participants with T1DM(13-18 years old). The recruited participants (n = 20) with T1DM started using the “Rightest” app for 3 months. UEQ-S was used at the end of the study to asses the participants satisfaction. It consists of the two dimensions pragmatic quality (item 1–4) and hedonic quality (item 5–8). Each item is measured on a 7-point Likert scale with two opposite meanings ranging.

Results
20 participants with T1DM, following up at PADU, used BGM with rightest app for 3 months. UEQ-S results revealed pragmatic total score (1.425) was above average while the hedonic total score was good(1.250) and the overall score was good(1.338) where -3 indicates extremely bad score while +3 indicates extremely good score. This indicates that they showed overall good satisfaction for mobile app using UEQ-S score.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that switching to BGMs with mobile app showed good satisfaction after 3 month interval.