bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Somatic cell evolution: how to improve with age
Authors: Shibata Darryl 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA recent article published in this journal illuminates a rare example of somatic evolution where cells improve rather than deteriorate with age. In mitotic intestinal crypts, stem cells with higher levels of a deleterious heteroplasmic germline mitochondrial mutation are purged through time, leading to crypts without the mutation. Similar somatic mitochondrial mutations are not purged from crypts, indicating that special conditions are needed to improve with age. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy and Safety of Lesinurad in Patients with Hyperuricemia Associated with Gout: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wu Jie‐Ying , Chang Ya‐Ting , Lin Ying‐Chin , Lee Chia‐Hwa , Loh El‐Wui , Wu Mei‐Yi , Chang Yu‐Sheng , Tam Ka‐Wai 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of lesinurad for the treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with gout.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Patients or ParticipantsFive RCTs, which included 1959 patients, compared the efficacy and safety of lesinurad in patients with hyperuricemia associated with gout.Measurements and ResultsRelevant studies were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases, and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies. Individual effect sizes were standardized, and a meta‐analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled effect size by using a random‐effect model. The primary outcomes were the proportion of patients achieving target serum uric acid (sUA) levels by month 6 and the mean sUA levels at month 6 and month 12. Gout‐related outcomes were also assessed. The secondary outcome was the number of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Compared with xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) monotherapy, lesinurad 200 mg or 400 mg in combination with allopurinol or febuxostat exhibited a higher proportion of patients achieving target sUA levels of < 6.0 mg/dl or < 5.0 mg/dl, respectively, by month 6. Lesinurad‐plus‐XOI groups also significantly sustained lower mean sUA levels at month 6 and month 12 compared to XOI alone group. In gout‐related outcomes, no significant treatment group differences favored lesinurad. The number of TEAEs was comparable between the lesinurad 200 mg‐plus‐XOI group and the XOI‐monotherapy group. Although lesinurad 400 mg monotherapy demonstrated superior efficacy compared with placebo, significantly more TEAEs occurred.ConclusionsAlthough the combination of lesinurad 200 mg and XOI is effective and well tolerated for treating patients with gout who have not achieved an adequate response to XOI monotherapy, clinical gout‐related outcomes were not improved. Therefore, additional studies investigating the long‐term clinical implication of lesinurad are warranted.
Room‐Temperature Phototransistor with Negative Photoresponsivity of 108 A W−1 Using Fullerene‐Sensitized Aligned Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Bergemann Kevin , Léonard François 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDetection of low intensity light down to a few photons requires photodetectors with high gain. A new photodetector is reported based on C60‐sensitized aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors with an extremely high responsivity of 108 A W−1 (gain > 108) in the ultraviolet and visible range, and 720 A W−1 (gain = 940) in the infrared range. In contrast to most sensitized phototransistors that operate on the photogating effect, the new photodetector operates on the modulation of the electrons scattering in the CNTs, leading to negative photoconductivity. Comparison with similar photodetectors using random CNT networks shows the benefit of using aligned CNTs. At room temperature, the aligned CNT photodetectors are demonstrated to detect a few tens of photons per CNT.
A Flexible Wearable Pressure Sensor with Bioinspired Microcrack and Interlocking for Full‐Range Human–Machine Interfacing
Authors: Guo Ying , Guo Zhiyuan , Zhong Mengjuan , Wan Pengbo , Zhang Weixia , Zhang Liqun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFlexible wearable pressure sensors have drawn tremendous interest for various applications in wearable healthcare monitoring, disease diagnostics, and human–machine interaction. However, the limited sensing range (<10%), low sensing sensitivity at small strains, limited mechanical stability at high strains, and complicated fabrication process restrict the extensive applications of these sensors for ultrasensitive full‐range healthcare monitoring. Herein, a flexible wearable pressure sensor is presented with a hierarchically microstructured framework combining microcrack and interlocking, bioinspired by the crack‐shaped mechanosensory systems of spiders and the wing‐locking sensing systems of beetles. The sensor exhibits wide full‐range healthcare monitoring under strain deformations of 0.2–80%, fast response/recovery time (22 ms/20 ms), high sensitivity, the ultrasensitive loading sensing of a feather (25 mg), the potential to predict the health of patients with early‐stage Parkinson's disease with the imitated static tremor, and excellent reproducibility over 10 000 cycles. Meanwhile, the sensor can be assembled as smart artificial electronic skins (E‐skins) for simultaneously mapping the pressure distribution and shape of touching sensing. Furthermore, it can be attached onto the legs of a smart robot and coupled to a wireless transmitter for wirelessly monitoring human‐motion interactivities.
On a new calculation method of sludge mixture aeration and mixing processes in the aeration tanks of the wastewater biological treatment stations
Authors: Andreyev Sergey Yu. , Yakhkind Michael I. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper provides the results of theoretical and experimental research of sludge mixture aeration and the mixing processes in the aeration tanks. For the oxygen mass transfer process in the dynamic two‐phase water–air system formed during aeration, equations were obtained to determine the depletion coefficient of the gas phase in an emerging air bubble, KD, and the change in the dissolved oxygen concentration in the liquid phase, taking this coefficient into account. For the mixing process using an air‐distribution device, the equation was obtained to determine the velocity of the ascending water–air mix stream formed over this device. The proposed equations allow for the optimization of the design and operation of the pneumatic aeration systems used in wastewater biological treatment stations.
Surgical Techniques, Outcomes, Indications, and Complications of Simultaneous High Tibial Osteotomy and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Revision Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gupta Arnav , Tejpal Tushar , Shanmugaraj Ajaykumar , Horner Nolan S. , Simunovic Nicole , Duong Andrew , Ayeni Olufemi R. 
Published: September 2018

Background The incidence of primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) failure ranges from 10 to 20% in the USA. Many patient and surgical factors may lead to re-rupture after ACLR. Some authors have suggested that not correcting excessive posterior tibial slope may be a significant contributing factor to ACLR failure. Purposes We sought to systematically review the literature on outcomes, indications, and complications in patients undergoing simultaneous high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and ACLR revision. Methods PubMed, Medline, and Embase were searched in February 2018 for articles addressing simultaneous HTO and ACLR revision in skeletally mature patients. Major orthopedic conferences were screened in duplicate to find gray literature. All studies were assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies. Descriptive statistics are presented where applicable. Results Seven studies satisfied inclusion. Seventy-seven patients underwent combined HTO and ACLR revision. The main indications were a posterior slope of more than 12° or severe varus malalignment. Graft types included hamstring tendon autograft (58.4%; n = 45) and quadriceps tendon graft (16.9%; n = 13). Mean delay between primary and revision surgery was 9 years. Rehabilitation protocol dictated return to running at 4 months and return to sport at 4 to 9 months. Visual analog scale pain scores reduced on average by 30 points. Subjective International Knee Documentation Committee, Tegner–Lysholm, and Tegner activity scores also improved. Fifty-eight percent (35/60) of patients showed osteoarthritis signs post-operatively. One patient (1.3%) received an arthroscopic arthrolysis of adhesions for stiffness. There were no reported incidences of graft re-rupture. Conclusion This systematic review found that the use of HTO for ACLR revision produces good post-operative functional outcomes, low complication rates, and no reported re-ruptures. The main indications for combined HTO with ACLR revision was a posterior slope of more than 12° or severe varus malalignment. Future studies with large sample sizes and long-term follow-up are required to corroborate these results.
New bivalve genus from the Early Jurassic of Neuquén Basin, Argentina, and its bearing on the Cuspidariidae (Poromyida) fossil record
Authors: Damborenea Susana E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe new endemic genusNeuquemya, from Pliensbachian deposits in west-central Argentina, is here described and tentatively referred to the Cuspidariidae on account of its shell characters. The new speciesNeuquemya leanzaorumhas a thin, inflated shell, rounded anteriorly and rostrate posteriorly, with a narrow posterodorsal gape and opisthogyrous umbones. The hinge region bears small cardinal tubercles. The shell is ornamented by commarginal (anterior) and radial (posterior) sculpture, whereas the rostrum is smooth. The general and detailed characters of the shell are thus very similar to those of living cuspidariids. Cuspidariids are extremely specialized bivalves with special features related to their carnivorous habit. Their fossil record is scarce, and their phylogeny is poorly understood. Because a few key shell characters and all soft body features of the new genus are unavailable, the alternative possibility that his taxon could be a remarkable example of a homoeomorphic shell cannot be dismissed. If actually a cuspidariid,Neuquemyan. gen. becomes the oldest known member of the family ca. 100 Myr older than the Late Cretaceous records unequivocally accepted and supports the argument that the origin of the group is much older than its known fossil record. The possible relationships of the new genus with other poorly known Mesozoic genera are discussed. Although septibranchs in general and cuspidariids in particular are now conspicuous elements of deep-sea faunas, this new genus inhabited nearshore environments of the Neuquén Basin.UUID:http://zoobank.org/8adbd45b-c9c6-4f57-bcfc-c13e5f9182eb
Mobility and participation among ageing powered wheelchair users: using a lifecourse approach
Authors: Labbé Delphine , Mortenson W. Ben , Rushton Paula W. , Demers Louise , Miller William C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAbout 65 million people use wheelchairs worldwide. Powered wheelchairs offer independent mobility for those who find it difficult to propel a manual wheelchair. Previous studies have described powered wheelchairs as a mixed blessing for the users in terms of usability, accessibility, safety, cost and stigma; however, few studies have explored their impact on mobility and participation over time. Therefore, as part of a larger longitudinal study, we used a combined retrospective and prospective lifecourse perspective to explore the experiences of older adult powered wheelchair users. Based on the interpretive description approach, 19 participants took part in a series of semi-structured interviews over a two-year period about their mobility, social participation and ageing process. The participants were powered wheelchair users, at least 50 years of age, recruited in Vancouver, Montreal and Quebec City (Canada). We identified three themes that highlighted how the powered wheelchair experience was integrated into the life continuum of the users. ‘It's my legs’ emphasised how powered wheelchairs are a form of mobility that not only enables users to take part in activities, but also impacts their identities, past and present. ‘Wheels of change’ explored the dynamic nature of powered wheelchair use and changes related to ageing. ‘Getting around’ illustrated how users’ mobility was affected by the interaction with their physical and social environments. Developing public policies to advance social and environmental changes could help countries to ensure equity of access and social inclusion of those ageing with disabilities.
Ageing in the margins: expectations of and struggles for ‘a good place to grow old’ among low-income older Minnesotans
Authors: Finlay Jessica M. , Gaugler Joseph E. , Kane Robert L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhat constitutes a ‘good place to grow old’? This study aimed to characterise salient features of built and social environments that are essential to support low-income ageing residents. Seated and mobile interviews were conducted with community-dwelling older participants (aged 55–92, mean = 71 years) in three distinct socio-economic and geographic samples of the Minneapolis (Minnesota, United States of America) metropolitan area. The interviews prompted participants to evaluate their homes and neighbourhoods, and probed for particular socio-spatial characteristics that impact residential wellbeing. Qualitative thematic analyses focused on 38 individuals living in subsidised housing and homeless shelters. Four interrelated themes encompassed essential residential qualities: (a) safety and comfort, (b) service access, (c) social connection, and (d) stimulation. These broad ideals, when achieved, enabled participants to cultivate residential wellbeing and fulfilling place attachment. Analyses of the empirical data complicate theoretical assumptions by recognising unequal access to, irregular opportunities for and potential dangers of place attachment. Rich descriptions of participant homelessness, health hazards, crime, lack of supportive infrastructure and social isolation illustrate how place attachment is not inherently positive or necessarily attainable; rather, it is problematic and can involve risk. This article extends geographical gerontology's address of socio-spatial inequalities by focusing on disadvantaged ageing individuals.
EARLY DIALOGUE IN EUROPE: PERSPECTIVES ON VALUE, CHALLENGES, AND CONTINUING EVOLUTION
Authors: Balaisyte Lina , Joos Angelika , Hiligsmann Mickaël 
Published: September 2018

Objectives:This study aims to assess participants’ views on previous experiences, the current situation and future perspectives for early dialogue between the pharmaceutical industry, a regulatory agency and health technology assessment bodies (HTABs) in Europe.Methods:Eleven semi-structured interviews were arranged purposively with experienced people from the pharmaceutical industry, the European Medicines Agency, and an expert in Health Economics. The interview questions focused on the value of early dialogue, the challenges faced during the process of early dialogue, the best time to start an early dialogue, the kind of products most suitable for early dialogue, the current situation, and future perspectives for the early dialogue process. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed for open and axial coding to summarize the findings.Results:All interviewees agreed that early dialogue is a valuable process that helps to inform the development program and accordingly provide patients with faster access to new medicines. However, at this stage, the pharmaceutical industry acknowledged certain challenges: (i) Finding resources within pharmaceutical companies and HTABs to support early dialogues (ii) Requirements between regulators and HTABs in different countries diverge.Conclusions:This study revealed that people from the pharmaceutical industry perceive early dialogue as a valuable tool that can bring medicines to patients faster by streamlining development. However, the challenges mentioned above need to be mitigated to build a sustainable mechanism for early dialogue.
Development of ADHD symptoms in preschool children: Genetic and environmental contributions
Authors: Eilertsen Espen Moen , Gjerde Line C. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Røysamb Espen , Aggen Steven H. , Gustavson Kristin , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Ystrom Eivind 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe examined genetic and environmental contributions to the development of symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children. ADHD symptoms in siblings at 1.5, 3, and 5 years of age were investigated in a population-based sample from the prospective Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. The longitudinal contributions of additive genetic, shared, twin-specific, and unique environmental influences were estimated using biometric structural equation models. Heritability of ADHD symptoms ranged from 54% to 70%. There was evidence of partially new genetic influences at successive ages, with genetic correlations ranging from .58 to .89. Contributions from shared environmental factors and twin-specific factors were minor. The importance of unique environmental effects appeared to increase across ages, and was mostly specific to a given age. There was no evidence suggesting that this pattern differs across males and females. Symptoms of ADHD are highly heritability in young children from as early as 1.5 years of age. Longitudinal stability of ADHD symptoms is mainly attributable to genetic influences, but there is also some evidence for age-specific genetic influences. These findings contribute to our understanding of development of ADHD early in life, and can guide future molecular genetics studies.
Co-morbid anaemia and stunting among children of pre-school age in low- and middle-income countries: a syndemic
Authors: Tran Thach Duc , Biggs Beverley-Ann , Holton Sara , Nguyen Hau Thi Minh , Hanieh Sarah , Fisher Jane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of co-morbidity of two important global health challenges, anaemia and stunting, among children aged 6–59 months in low- and middle-income countries.DesignSecondary analysis of data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted 2005–2015. Child stunting and anaemia were defined using current WHO classifications. Sociodemographic characteristics of children with anaemia, stunting and co-morbidity of these conditions were compared with those of ‘healthy’ children in the sample (children who were not stunted and not anaemic) using multiple logistic models.SettingLow- and middle-income countries.SubjectsChildren aged 6–59 months.ResultsData from 193 065 children from forty-three countries were included. The pooled proportion of co-morbid anaemia and stunting was 21·5 (95 % CI 21·2, 21·9) %, ranging from the lowest in Albania (2·6 %; 95 % CI 1·8, 3·7 %) to the highest in Yemen (43·3; 95 % CI 40·6, 46·1 %). Compared with the healthy group, children with co-morbidity were more likely to be living in rural areas, have mothers or main carers with lower educational levels and to live in poorer households. Inequality in children who had both anaemia and stunting was apparent in all countries.ConclusionsCo-morbid anaemia and stunting among young children is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, especially among more disadvantaged children. It is suggested that they be considered under a syndemic framework, the Childhood Anaemia and Stunting (CHAS) Syndemic, which acknowledges the interacting nature of these diseases and the social and environmental factors that promote their negative interaction.
The diversity of arthropods community in dunes and a palm grove (Phoenix dactylifera) in the Touggourt region (Septentrionale Sahara)
Authors: Hadjoudj M. , Souttou K. , Doumandji S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn inventory of arthropods was carried out at locations in the desert area of Touggourt, southeast Algeria. Samples were collected from two diverse habitats, a palm grove (agricultural habitat) and dunes (natural habitat). Using the Barber pitfall trap, 1100 specimens, divided into four classes, 15 orders, 44 families and 99 species were obtained. In the palm grove, 660 arthropods were trapped, belonging to four classes and 12 orders. Of these four classes, Insecta dominated followed by Crustacea, Arachnida and Entognata. Insecta accounted for 59.49% of the total capture and was dominated by two orders: Hymenoptera (41.81%) and Amphipoda (34.55%). In the Hymenoptera, Cataglyphis sp. was the most abundant (38.2%), followed by Pheidole pallidula (2.3%). In the dunes, 440 individuals were trapped. Insecta was the most abundant (90.69%), and Crustacea and Arachnida were scarce. Of the dominance by insects, Hymenoptera was most abundant (68.15%), and within that order, Cataglyphis bombycina (35.5%) was the most abundant followed by Monomorium subopacum (8.9%). In the palm grove, 42 species were recorded, compared to 57 in the dunes. The Shannon–Weaver index and equitability varied in both stations. In the palm grove, the diversity was 2.6, and the equitability was 0.5. By contrast in the dunes, the diversity was equal to 4 and the Equitability equal to 0.7. The differences in vegetation between the two sites reflect the differences in species diversity.
School Performance Paths: Personal and Contextual Factors Related to Top Performers and Low Achievers in Portugal and Spain
Authors: Simões Celeste , Rivera Francisco , Moreno Carmen , Matos Margarida Gaspar de 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSchool performance is a critical aspect of adolescents’ lives. Several factors have an impact on school performance. The aim of this study is to analyze the relevant personal and contextual variables associated with top performance and low achievement in a sample of Portuguese and Spanish adolescent students. The sample included 1,564 adolescents, mean age 14 years old, and was collected from the HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) survey. The questions in this study covered sociodemographic, health and wellbeing, health-related behaviors, family, school and peers. Results show that students with low performance more frequently have worse social-contextual and personal/health-related indicators, while the opposite is the case for top performers. Student-teacher relationships appeared as the most influential variable on school performance paths, χ2(2) = 328.11, p < .001; but other variables within families, e.g. mother studies, χ2(2) = 50.54, p < .001, and schools, e.g. liking the school, χ2(1) = 16.27, p < .001 and χ2(1) = 22.54, p < .01 (in the low and high student-teacher relationship branches of the decision tree, respectively), as well as some health and wellbeing variables, e.g. health related-quality of life, χ2(2) = 53.58, p < .001, and χ2(2) = 63.86, < .001 (in the low and high student-teacher relationship branches, respectively), appeared significant in the paths.