bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mom, Dad, or Somewhere In Between: Role‐Relational Ambiguity and Children of Transgender Parents
Authors: Tabor Jaclyn 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThis study introduces the concept of role‐relational ambiguity to explain the challenges some individuals face in adjusting to a parent's gender transition.BackgroundWhen a parent undergoes a gender transition, our society lacks both the language and social scripts to describe how parent‐child relationships and roles should look afterward. Yet little is understood about how children of transgender parents experience a parent's transition.MethodDrawing from in‐depth interviews with 30 adult children of transgender parents, this article documents the occurrence of role‐relational ambiguity and how individuals manage this ambiguity in the long term.ResultsResults indicate repeated discussions of role‐relational ambiguity in a majority of participants. In the long term, participants developed a number of strategies for coping with role‐relational ambiguity.ConclusionRole‐relational ambiguity is a common occurrence for the children of transgender people interviewed in this study. Yet, it is evident that most of these participants were actively engaged in attempts to restructure and redefine relationships with their transgender parents despite the obstacles presented by role‐relational ambiguity.ImplicationsRole‐relational ambiguity is an understandable response to unexpected family changes, and one that can be worked through with time, understanding, and the proper resources.
Authentication as Institutional Maintenance Work
Authors: Colombero Sylvain , Boxenbaum Eva 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInstitutional maintenance work refers to actors’ deliberate effort to maintain an institution. This paper examines how actors use authentication, i.e., the relational constitution of an artefact as original or as a genuine expression of a particular type, style or person, to accomplish institutional maintenance work. We investigated contemporary adjustments to six listed buildings. These works were undertaken to keep these buildings functional while at the same time protecting their listing; by doing so they contributed to maintain the institution of Architectural Heritage. Our analysis identifies three forms of authentication: material consolidation, crafts mobilization and character enhancement. We elaborate on each of them and explain their institutional underpinnings and outcomes. The paper concludes with an articulation of authentication as a potent form of institutional maintenance work. Taking its starting point in materiality, authentication is a relational practice that helps maintain institutions relying on irreplaceable artefacts for their maintenance.
Increased risk of morbidities and health‐care utilisation in children born following preterm labour compared with full‐term labour: A population‐based study
Authors: Houben Eline , Smits Elisabeth , Pimenta Jeanne M , Black Libby K , Bezemer Irene D , Penning‐van Beest Fernie JA 
Published: October 2018

AimRecent evidence is emerging indicating long‐term effects in infants born after an episode of preterm labour (PTL), even if birth is at term. This population‐based study compared long‐term rates of outcomes and health‐care utilisation (HCU) in children born following spontaneous preterm labour, irrespective of gestational age at delivery or of an uncomplicated pregnancy (SPTLu), with children born following full‐term labour (FTL), overall stratified by comorbidity status and assessed using a composite morbidity measure (CM).MethodsRetrospective data on mother–neonate pairs were collected from a patient‐linked dataset from the Netherlands Perinatal Registry and the PHARMO Database Network. Children born between 2000 and 2010 were followed until 2012.ResultsOf pregnancies in 134 006 mother–neonate pairs, 122 894 (92%) pregnancies resulted in FTL, and 11 112 (8%) resulted in PTL. Of the PTL pregnancies, 6599 (59%) were SPTLu. Mean follow‐up after birth was 6.6–6.7 years. Children from SPTLu pregnancies were at increased risk of neurodevelopmental and respiratory conditions compared with those from FTL pregnancies. In children from SPTLu pregnancies, the presence of the CM was associated with an increased risk of respiratory conditions and failure to thrive. Post‐natal hospitalisations (incidence rate (IR) per 100 patient‐years: 18.1 vs. 11.7) and specialist referrals (IR per 1000 patient‐years: 290.6 vs. 184.5) occurred significantly more frequently in children from SPTLu versus FTL pregnancies.ConclusionThe increased risk of morbidities and HCU in children born following SPTLu pregnancy in this population‐based setting reinforces the need for safe interventions that can effectively halt labour and lead to an improvement in childhood outcomes.
The Baby Moves smartphone app for General Movements Assessment: Engagement amongst extremely preterm and term‐born infants in a state‐wide geographical study
Authors: Kwong Amanda KL , Eeles Abbey L , Olsen Joy E , Cheong Jeanie LY , Doyle Lex W , Spittle Alicia J 
Published: October 2018

AimThe Baby Moves smartphone application is designed for parents to video their infants' spontaneous movement for remote General Movements Assessment (GMA). We aimed to assess the engagement with Baby Moves amongst high‐ and low‐risk infants' families and the socio‐demographic variables related to engagement.MethodsFamilies of extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks' gestational age) or extremely low‐birthweight (ELBW; <1000 g) infants and term‐born controls from a state‐wide geographical cohort study were asked to download Baby Moves. Baby Moves provided reminders and instructions to capture videos of their infants' general movements. Parents were surveyed about Baby Moves' usability.ResultsThe parents of 451 infants (226 EP/ELBW; 225 control) were recruited; 416 (204 EP/ELBW; 212 control) downloaded Baby Moves, and 346 (158 EP/ELBW; 188 control) returned at least one scorable video for remote GMA. Fewer EP/ELBW families submitted a scorable video than controls (70 vs. 83%, respectively; odds ratio (OR) 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3–0.79, P = 0.003), but the difference diminished when adjusted for socio‐demographic variables (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.59–2.0, P = 0.79). Families who received government financial support (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.1–0.78, P = 0.015), who spoke limited English at home (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.22–0.69, P = 0.001) or with lower maternal education (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.21–0.68, P = 0.001) were less likely to return a scorable video. Surveyed parents responded mostly positively to Baby Moves' usability.ConclusionsMost parents in this study successfully used Baby Moves to capture infant movements for remote GMA. Families of lower socio‐demographic status used Baby Moves less.
Needs of parents in a surgical neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Govindaswamy Priya , Laing Sharon , Waters Donna , Walker Karen , Spence Kaye , Badawi Nadia 
Published: October 2018

AimWhile there is evidence of parental needs in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), parents of newborns admitted for general surgery are an under‐researched population. This study aimed to identify needs in parents of newborns admitted to the NICU for general surgery and whether health‐care professionals meet these needs.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of 111 parents (57% mothers) of newborns admitted to a surgical NICU for general surgery in Australia from January 2014 to September 2015. Parents completed the Neonatal Family Needs Inventory (NFNI), comprising 56 items in five subscales (Support, Comfort, Information, Proximity, Assurance) at admission and discharge, as well as the Social Desirability Scale (SDS). Data were analysed using parametric and non‐parametric techniques.ResultsAt both admission and discharge, parents rated Assurance (M = 3.8, standard deviation (SD) = 0.24) needs as the most important, followed by Proximity (M = 3.6, SD = 0.32) and Information (M = 3.5, SD = 0.38). Mothers rated Assurance significantly more important than fathers (P < 0.02). Overall, parents' most important needs were having questions answered honestly (M = 3.96, SD = 0.19), seeing their infant frequently and knowing about the medical treatment (both M = 3.95, SD = 0.23). The 10 most important needs were met for more than 96% of parents, with no evidence of response bias.ConclusionsReassurance is a priority need for parents in the surgical NICU. Mothers' and fathers' needs may be best met by practices based on family‐centred, individualised care principles.
Pyrexia in juvenile dogs: a review of 140 referred cases
Authors: Black V. L. , Whitworth F. J. S. , Adamantos S. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo describe the presentation, influence of previous treatment and diagnosis in juvenile dogs presenting with pyrexia to a UK referral centre.Materials and MethodsClinical records of dogs aged 1 to 18 months presenting with a problem list including pyrexia (≥⃒39∙2°C) that was reproducible during referral hospitalisation were retrospectively reviewed. Signalment, history ‐ including previous treatment, clinical examination findings and diagnosis were recorded. Diagnoses were categorised as non‐infectious inflammatory, infectious, congenital, neoplastic and miscellaneous. The influence of previous treatment on the ability to reach a final diagnosis was analysed.ResultsA total of 140 cases was identified. Diagnosis was reached in 115 cases. Non‐infectious inflammatory disease was identified in 91 cases (79%), infectious disease in 19 cases (17%), a congenital disorder in four dogs (3%) and neoplasia in one dog (1%). Breeds most commonly identified were Border collies (17/140; 12%), beagles (16/140; 11%), Labrador retrievers (11/140; 8%), springer spaniels (9/140; 6%) and cocker spaniels (8/140; 6%). Before presentation, most dogs had received antibiotics (83/140; 59%), non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (84/140; 60%) or steroids (9/140; 6%), either alone or in combination. Neither antibiotics nor non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs influenced the ability to reach a diagnosis. Steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis comprised 55 of 91 (60%) individuals of the non‐infectious inflammatory cohort. All four dogs diagnosed with congenital disorders were Border collies.Clinical significanceNon‐infectious inflammatory disease, particularly steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis, immune‐mediated polyarthritis and metaphyseal osteopathy, was commonly diagnosed in this population of pyrexic juvenile dogs.
Epiphytic lichen responses to environmental change due to clear‐cutting differ among tree taxa
Authors: Ranlund Åsa , Hylander Kristoffer , Johansson Victor , Jonsson Fredrik , Nordin Ulrika , Gustafsson Lena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractQuestionMany species‐rich communities are associated with a foundation species. While we often have detailed information about the foundation species, we know less about its associated species. We explore such a situation, comparing the responses of lichen species associated with different tree taxa, which differ in successional strategy, to the environmental change that takes place when the surrounding trees are clear‐cut.LocationBoreal forests in Sweden.MethodsWe illustrated general differences in lichen species composition among four tree taxa and three stand categories using ordination of species occurrences. To analyse responses to clear‐cutting we modelled the occurrence probability individually for 144 epiphytic lichen species from the lower 2 m of 2,400 tree trunks of four tree taxa in 130 stands, and compared trees in closed‐canopy forests with those retained in logged stands, using Bayesian hierarchical models.ResultsThe composition of lichens on aspen trees deviated clearly from that on the other tree species. Also lichen responses to logging differed among main host tree taxa, where lichen species associated with birches, European aspen, and Scots pine increased in probability of occurrence on trees in logged areas compared to intact forest, while lichen species associated with Norway spruce decreased. We found that time lags for changes in occupancy existed primarily in the increase, but not in the decline, of the groups of lichens associated with different tree taxa.ConclusionsLichens associated with different tree taxa vary in their response to the environmental change brought about by logging, but in a way that differs from the differences in species composition among host trees. Our results highlight the importance of considering the taxa of trees in forest management for the conservation of their associated lichen species. The extent to which the ecology of foundation species influences their associated species merits further inquiry, since such knowledge may facilitate predictions of responses of associated species also in other species‐rich communities.
Lon recognition of the replication initiator DnaA requires a bipartite degron
Authors: Liu Jing , Zeinert Rilee , Francis Laura , Chien Peter 
Published: October 2018

SummaryDnaA initiates chromosome replication in bacteria. In Caulobacter crescentus, the Lon protease degrades DnaA to coordinate replication with nutrient availability and to halt the cell cycle during acute stress. Here, we characterize the mechanism of DnaA recognition by Lon. We find that the folded state of DnaA appears crucial for its degradation, in contrast to the well‐known role of Lon in degrading misfolded proteins. We fail to identify a single degradation motif (degron) sufficient for DnaA degradation, rather we show that both the ATPase domain and a species‐specific N‐terminal motif are important for productive Lon degradation of full‐length DnaA. Mutations in either of these determinants disrupt DnaA degradation in vitro and in vivo. However, analysis of truncation products reveals that appending other extensions to the ATPase domain is sufficient to trigger degradation, suggesting plasticity in Lon recognition. Our final working model is that Lon engages DnaA through at least two elements, one of which anchors DnaA to Lon and the other acting as an initiation site for degradation.
Preservation of the colo‐anal reflex in colonic transection and post‐operative Hirschsprung's disease: Potential extrinsic neural pathway
Authors: Sintusek Palittiya , Rybak Anna , Mutalib Mohamed , Thapar Nikhil , Borrelli Osvaldo , Lindley Keith J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe colo‐anal reflex is a distinct reflex whereby the internal anal sphincter (IAS) relaxes in association with colonic high amplitude propagating contractions (HAPCs) in contrast to the recto‐anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR), which is characterized by IAS relaxation upon rectal distension. The RAIR is mediated by the myenteric plexus and therefore absent in Hirschsprung disease. We retrospectively assessed the presence and the characteristics of the colo‐anal reflex in children in whom large bowel continuity had been surgically disrupted to assess the role of the extrinsic nervous system in the reflex.MethodsHigh‐resolution (HR) colonic manometry and HR‐anorectal manometry were used to evaluate both colonic and anal motor activity in ten children with treatment‐unresponsive slow transit constipation (STC), who had previously undergone left‐sided colostomy formation with consequent disruption of the bowel continuity, and in two children with Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR), who had previously undergone distal colon resection followed by Duhamel pull‐through. Eight children with STC, normal colonic motor activity, and preserved large bowel continuity served as a control group. The presence and characteristics of colo‐anal reflex were analyzed.Key ResultsIn the study group, all patients showed the presence of both normal HAPCs and the presence of the colo‐anal reflex. In two cases of HSCR, RAIR was absent; however, both patients demonstrated a colo‐anal reflex.ConclusionsIn children with disrupted continuity of the colon and/or abnormal anal reflex, the colo‐anal reflex is still preserved suggesting that it is mediated by a different pathway from the RAIR, possibly an extrinsic neural pathway.
Phytochemicals as mediators for host range expansion of a native invasive forest insect herbivore
Authors: Erbilgin Nadir 
Published: October 2018

SummaryMountain pine beetle (MPB) has recently invaded jack pine forests in western Canada. This invasion signifies a climate change‐induced range expansion by a native insect. The mechanism underlying this invasion is unknown, but likely involves phytochemicals that play critical roles in MPB biology. Thus far, studies have investigated the compatibility of jack pine chemistry with beetles and their microbial symbionts. I have identified three phytochemical mechanisms that have likely facilitated the host range expansion of MPB. First, jack pine chemistry is overall similar to that of the historical hosts of MPB. In particular, jack pine chemistry is compatible with beetle pheromone production, aggregation on host trees and larval development. Furthermore, the compatibility of jack pine chemistry maintains beneficial interactions between MPB and its microbial symbionts. Second, compared with historical hosts, the novel host not only has lower concentrations of toxic and repellent defense chemicals, but also contains large concentrations of chemicals promoting host colonization by MPB. These patterns are especially pronounced when comparing novel hosts with well‐defended historical hosts. Finally, before MPBs arrived in jack pine forests, they invaded a zone of hybrids of novel and historical hosts that likely improved beetle success on jack pine, as hybrids show chemical characteristics of both hosts. In conclusion, the phytochemistry of jack pine has likely facilitated the biological invasion of this novel host by MPB.
Verticillium dahliae transcription factors Som1 and Vta3 control microsclerotia formation and sequential steps of plant root penetration and colonisation to induce disease
Authors: Bui Tri‐Thuc , Harting Rebekka , Braus‐Stromeyer Susanna A. , Tran Van‐Tuan , Leonard Miriam , Höfer Annalena , Abelmann Anja , Bakti Fruzsina , Valerius Oliver , Schlüter Rabea , Stanley Claire E. , Ambrósio Alinne , Braus Gerhard H. 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Verticillium dahliae nuclear transcription factors Som1 and Vta3 can rescue adhesion in a FLO8‐deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. Som1 and Vta3 induce the expression of the yeast FLO1 and FLO11 genes encoding adhesins. Som1 and Vta3 are sequentially required for root penetration and colonisation of the plant host by V. dahliae.

The SOM1 and VTA3 genes were deleted and their functions in fungus‐induced plant pathogenesis were studied using genetic, cell biology, proteomic and plant pathogenicity experiments.

Som1 supports fungal adhesion and root penetration and is required earlier than Vta3 in the colonisation of plant root surfaces and tomato plant infection. Som1 controls septa positioning and the size of vacuoles, and subsequently hyphal development including aerial hyphae formation and normal hyphal branching. Som1 and Vta3 control conidiation, microsclerotia formation, and antagonise in oxidative stress responses. The molecular function of Som1 is conserved between the plant pathogen V. dahliae and the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus.

Som1 controls genes for initial steps of plant root penetration, adhesion, oxidative stress response and VTA3 expression to allow subsequent root colonisation. Both Som1 and Vta3 regulate developmental genetic networks required for conidiation, microsclerotia formation and pathogenicity of V. dahliae.
Cis–trans controls and regulatory novelty accompanying allopolyploidization
Authors: Hu Guanjing , Wendel Jonathan F. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAllopolyploidy is a prevalent process in plants, having important physiological, ecological and evolutionary consequences. Transcriptomic responses to genomic merger and doubling have been demonstrated in many allopolyploid systems, encompassing a diversity of phenomena including homoeolog expression bias, genome dominance, expression‐level dominance and revamping of co‐expression networks. Notwithstanding the foregoing, there remains a need to develop a conceptual framework that will stimulate a deeper understanding of these diverse phenomena and their mechanistic interrelationships. Here we introduce considerations relevant to this framework with a focus on cis–trans interactions among duplicated genes and alleles in hybrids and allopolyploids. By extending classic allele‐specific expression analysis to the allopolyploid level, we distinguish the distinct effects of progenitor regulatory interactions from the novel intergenomic interactions that arise from genome merger and allopolyploidization. This perspective informs experiments designed to reveal the molecular genetic basis of gene regulatory control, and will facilitate the disentangling of genetic from epigenetic and higher‐order effects that impact gene expression. Finally, we suggest that the extended cis–trans model may help conceptually unify several presently disparate hallmarks of allopolyploid evolution, including genome‐wide expression dominance and biased fractionation, and lead to a new level of understanding of phenotypic novelty accompanying polyploidy.
Boron: the essential element for vascular plants that never was
Authors: Lewis David H. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAlthough a requirement for boron is a well‐established feature of vascular plants, its designation, for almost a century, as essential is challenged and, instead, the proposal is made that it has never been so as conventionally defined. This is because an alternative interpretation of published evidence negates its compliance with one of the criteria for essentiality, that its effects are direct. The alternative, here postulated, is that boron is, and always has been, potentially toxic, a feature which, for normal growth, development and reproduction, needed to be nullified. This was enabled by exploitation of boron's ability to be chemically bound to compounds with cis‐hydroxyl groups. Although particular cell wall carbohydrate polymers, glycoproteins and membrane glycolipids are among candidates for this role, it is here proposed that soluble phenolic metabolites of, or related to, the components of the pathway of lignin biosynthesis, themselves potentially toxic, are primarily used by vascular plants. When metabolic circumstances allow these phenolics to accumulate endogenously in the cytoplasm, their own inherent toxicity is also alleviated, partially at least, by formation of complexes with boron. This chemical reciprocity, enhanced by physical sequestration of the complexes in vacuoles and/or apoplast, thus achieves, in a flexible but indirect manner, a minimization of the inherent toxicities of both boron and relevant phenolics. In these ways, the multifarious outcomes of impairments, natural or experimental, to this interplay are responsible for the lack of consensus to explain the diverse effects observed in the many searches for boron's primary metabolic role, here considered to be nonexistent. In particular, since a toxic element cannot have ‘deficiency symptoms’, those previously so‐called are postulated to be largely due to the expressed toxicity of phenylpropanoids. A principal requirement for the otherwise toxic boron is to nullify, by means of its indirect chemical and physical sequestration, such expression. In these ways, it is therefore neither an essential nor a beneficial element as currently strictly defined.