bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge flows from public science to industrial technologies
Authors: Wang Lili , Li Zexia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractScientific research has been acknowledged as an important knowledge resource for developing technologies. However, little is known about the heterogeneous nature of scientific knowledge and the associated contribution to technological advancement. Using nano technology as a case study, this paper investigates what types of scientific research can help improve the quality of technologies. This study uses backward and forward citation analysis, extracted from the Derwent World Patents Index. Non-patent citations from each patent are further connected with records indexed in Web of Science, and the forward citations for the cited articles are collected. On the one hand, our results confirm that there is an important contribution from science to technology. High-quality academic research has significantly contributed to the development of high-quality patents. On the other hand, this study also reveals the heterogeneous pattern of patents citing scientific publications, depending on the organizational type, country, and knowledge origin. Compared to those in the U.S., patents developed by Chinese inventors tend to reply on more recent science but with a narrower scientific scope.
Genetic determinants of low vitamin B12 levels in Alzheimer's disease risk
Authors: Gagliano Taliun Sarah A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere is observational evidence that low circulating levels of vitamin B12 are associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's diseaseMethodsWe used a two‐sample summary‐statistics–based Mendelian randomization design to assess the relationship of genetic factors contributing to vitamin B12 with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease risk.ResultsOur results do not support a causal role of decreased vitamin B12 levels on Alzheimer's disease risk.DiscussionThis work encourages research on other modifiable biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease risk.
Tauopathy in basal ganglia involvement is exacerbated in a subset of patients with Alzheimer's disease: The Hisayama study
Authors: Hamasaki Hideomi , Honda Hiroyuki , Suzuki Satoshi O. , Shijo Masahiro , Ohara Tomoyuki , Hatabe Yozo , Okamoto Tsuyoshi , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Iwaki Toru 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe have conducted the pathological cohort study of autopsied cases of Hisayama residents to reveal a recent trend of dementia‐related pathology. We noticed a trend of putaminal involvement of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with parkinsonism. Then, we investigated the accurate prevalence of neurological diseases with putaminal AD pathology in the general population.MethodsWe examined a series of 291 autopsies in the Hisayama study and performed image analysis of immunohistochemistry for microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT) and amyloid β.ResultsApproximately 65.6% and 36.1% of cases showed putaminal MAPT and amyloid deposits, respectively. Diffuse deposits of them were mainly found in the AD cases. Putaminal MAPT was highly associated with AD‐related pathological criteria. Four of 22 cases with severe putaminal MAPT deposition were documented as having developed parkinsonism.DiscussionSevere MAPT accumulation in the basal ganglia was closely related to the development of AD pathology and could occur most frequently in AD cases without comorbidities.
Tide-modulated ice motion and seismicity of a floating glacier tongue in East Antarctica
Authors: Minowa Masahiro , Podolskiy Evgeny A. , Sugiyama Shin 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe recorded the ice motion and icequakes on the floating part of Langhovde Glacier in East Antarctica to better understand the dynamic behavior of ice shelves and floating tongues. Diurnal and semi-diurnal variations in ice motion and seismicity were simultaneously observed at all four global navigation satellite system and three seismic stations over 2 weeks. The short-term along-flow ice motion is explained by the elastic response of the glacier to ocean tide-induced hydrostatic stress variations, which decayed at a rate of 0.8 km−1 toward the grounding line. We observed a large number of icequakes during mid-rising and high tides that covered a broad frequency range and formed two major groups of events centered at 10 and 120 Hz, respectively. The hourly occurrence rates were ~500 events h−1, with the observed seismicity consistent with fracture due to floating tongue bending. We also observed minor secondary peaks at high ice speeds, which could reflect surface cracking due to stretching or basal friction. Our observation demonstrates that tidal-modulation was the main factor to fracture the floating tongue of Langhovde Glacier.
Space Colonization and Existential Risk
Authors: GOTTLIEB JOSEPH 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIan Stoner has recently argued that we ought not to colonize Mars because (1) doing so would flout our pro tanto obligation not to violate the principle of scientific conservation, and (2) there is no countervailing considerations that render our violation of the principle permissible. While I remain agnostic on (1), my primary goal in this article is to challenge (2): there are countervailing considerations that render our violation of the principle permissible. As such, Stoner has failed to establish that we ought not to colonize Mars. I close with some thoughts on what it would take to show that we do have an obligation to colonize Mars and related issues concerning the relationship between the way we discount our preferences over time and projects with long time horizons, like space colonization.
The unnoticed influence of peers on educational preferences
Authors: ANDERSEN SIMON CALMAR , HJORTSKOV MORTEN 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSome of the most important decisions young people make are choices about education. Yet recent research shows that educational decisions are poorly explained by classical models of human capital investments: adolescents do not always choose what would best optimize their long-term net outcomes. Instead, students have been shown to be influenced by their current group of peers at the time when they make educational decisions. We expand on existing models by showing that students’ stated educational preferences can be influenced by simply priming them with their peers’ preferences. Further, we show that students are unaware of this peer influence in the sense that: (1) they claim that peers have no influence; (2) in a conjoint experiment, they do not select educations based on peers’ assessments; and (3) in a list experiment absent of any social desirability bias, they do not ascribe any influence to their peers either. All in all, the results show that young people are unwittingly influenced by their peers. These results have important implications for public policies aimed at encouraging young people to make more deliberate and informed educational choices.
WHEN IT RAINS, IT POURS: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND PROVINCIAL CORRUPTION IN VIETNAM
Authors: Kim Yong Kyun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDoes foreign direct investment (FDI) promote or hinder good governance in a host state? In this article, I analyze the effects of FDI on subnational-level corruption across 63 provinces in Vietnam and find that FDI has both promoted and hindered control of corruption. Initially, FDI creates resources and incentives to improve governance and reduce corruption for early winner provinces. Yet, once FDI begins to pour in, different dynamics start to take effect. While the resources and incentives accrued to FDI-recipient provinces become less effective in further curbing corruption as more FDI flows in, FDI provides leaders of those provinces with growing opportunities and increased abilities to seek and pursue rents, leading to a prevalence of corruption. Using both qualitative and quantitative data, I find strong evidence that the control of corruption is weakest at the extremes: in provinces with the least and the most FDI.
Nonlinear behaviour of the Mack mode in a hypersonic boundary layer
Authors: Craig Stuart A. , Humble Raymond A. , Hofferth Jerrod W. , Saric William S. 
Published: June 2019

Mack-mode waves are measured in a hypersonic boundary layer using high-frequency focusing schlieren deflectometry. Experiments are performed using a $5^{\circ }$ flared cone at $0^{\circ }$ angle of attack in the low-disturbance Mach 6 Quiet Tunnel at Texas A&M University across a free-stream unit Reynolds number range of $7.8\times 10^{6}~\text{m}^{-1}\leqslant \mathit{Re}^{\prime }\leqslant 11.0\times 10^{6}~\text{m}^{-1}$. The high-frequency response of the measurement system allows harmonics and other nonlinear behaviour to be measured. Mack-mode waves and several harmonics are clearly observed at a frequency of $f_{0}\approx 250~\text{kHz}$. Bispectral analysis is used to show that these waves undergo several quadratic phase-coupled sum and difference interactions with themselves to produce harmonics, as well interact with a relatively low-frequency wave that results in amplitude modulation. Bispectral analysis is used to highlight these interactions.
Coffee consumption and hip fracture risk: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xin-li , Xu Jiu-hong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo investigate the effect of coffee consumption on hip fracture risk, a meta-analysis was conducted. The PubMed database was screened for all published studies about coffee consumption and hip fracture through to November 2011. Reviews, PubMed option ‘related articles’ and references of retrieved papers were also searched for potentially relevant papers. Only studies that contained OR with 95 % CI for the association between coffee consumption and hip fracture risk were included. The summary risk estimates were calculated by fixed- and random-effects models. Subgroup analyses were carried out stratified by study designs and participant characteristics, respectively. A total of six prospective cohort studies and six case–control studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled OR displayed increased risk of hip fracture by 29·7 % (95 % CI 0·960, 1·751; P = 0·09) for the highest compared with the lowest coffee consumption by the random-effects model (P for heterogeneity = 0·000; I2 = 84·0 %), but the result had no statistical significance. Subgroup analyses showed that coffee consumption significantly increased hip fracture risk by 54·7 % (95 % CI 1·152, 2·077; P = 0·004) among women, by 40·1 % (95 % CI 1·015, 1·935; P = 0·040) for elderly participants aged over 70 years, and by 68·3 % for Northern Americans (95 % CI 1·492, 1·899; P = 0·000). Other subgroup analyses according to data published before the year 2000 showed a positive association between coffee and hip fracture risk, and follow-up duration also positively affected hip fracture risk, especially when the follow-up length was less than 13 years. Although our meta-analysis has provided insufficient evidence that coffee consumption significantly increases hip fracture risk, coffee intake may increase hip fracture risk among women, elderly participants and Northern Americans. No dose–response pattern was observed.
Meat consumers and non-meat consumers in Germany: a characterisation based on results of the German National Nutrition Survey II
Authors: Koch Franziska , Heuer Thorsten , Krems Carolin , Claupein Erika 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMeat consumption in high-income countries is increasingly discussed due to its impact on environment and health as well as ethical considerations. The present paper aims to provide information on meat consumption behaviour, sociodemographic factors related to meat consumption and its associations with health and nutritional behaviour, based on the German National Nutrition Survey II. For 12 915 participants aged 18–80 years, food consumption was assessed by two 24-h recalls and further data by interviews. Participants were distinguished in non-meat consumers and meat consumers; meat consumers were further differentiated as low and high meat consumers (&lt;86 g/d and ≥86 g/d). Group differences were analysed using binary logistic and linear regression models. More non-meat consumers were found among women, young and more educated persons. They showed equal or more preferable health characteristics, had a similar energy intake but ate more plant-based foods compared with meat consumers. More high meat consumers were found among men, young and middle-aged and lower-educated persons. Compared with low meat consumers, they showed equal or less preferable health characteristics, had a higher energy intake and ate more potatoes and sauces/spices and less of most other food groups in relation to their energy intake. To conclude, sociodemographic groups differ in their meat consumption and differences in meat consumption go together with differences in health behaviour and other food consumption.
The Compressible Laminar Boundary Layer on a Yawed Infinite Wing
Authors: Crabtree L. F. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryA study of the laminar boundary layer on a yawed infinite wing in a compressible fluid is made. A method is presented for the investigation of compressibility effects by direct solution of the linearised equations of motion, first considerably simplified by the extension of a transformation due to Illingworth and Stewartson, which assumes a heat-insulated surface and a fluid of unit Prandtl number and a coefficient of viscosity which is proportional to the absolute temperature. As an example of this procedure the boundary layer near a stagnation point is calculated. The simplifications necessary for an extension of the momentum method, which is available for a yawed infinite wing in an incompressible fluid, are discussed, and this method is recommended for a first evaluation of the effect of compressibility.
Photoelastic Investigation on Plates with Single Interference-Fit Pins with Load Applied to Plate Only
Authors: Jessop H. T. , Snell C. , Holister G. S. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe introduction of an interference-fit pin in a circular hole in a flat plate is found to result in a reduction in the stress concentration factor at the hole boundary under tension applied to the plate. The S.C.F. decreases rapidly with increase in the ratio of interference stress to applied tension, and decreases also with increase in the ratio of hole diameter to width of plate. Very little difference in the S.C.F. is found for different ratios of Young's modulus of pin and plate.
Diversity of intertidal marine sponges from the western coast of Portugal (North-east Atlantic)
Authors: Regueiras A. , Alex A. , Costa M. S. , Pereira S. , Vasconcelos V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSponges are important components of intertidal marine communities. There is a lack of information about intertidal marine sponge diversity in the western coast of Portugal (North-east Atlantic). In the present work we identified the most common intertidal sponges of the western coast of Portugal, and made a comprehensive list of the intertidal species described so far for this region. Sponges belonging to the Classes Calcarea and Demospongiae were identified, the former class for the first time at these locations. Demospongiae are the most common intertidal sponges, present in all sampling locations. We used an integrative approach for Demospongiae identification, using both morphological and molecular characters. Molecular identification, using a CO1 marker proved to be helpful in the identification to the genus level, despite some limitations, such as difficulty in amplification experienced for sponges as well as non-target organisms. A total of 170 specimens were collected. Seven specimens (five species) belonged to the Class Calcarea and 163 specimens (23 species) to the Class Demospongiae. The demosponge Hymeniacidon perlevis was present at all sample locations. Calcarean species were primarily found in samples taken along the south-western coast.
Strain variation in Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Neal R. A. , Vincent Patricia 
Published: June 2019

1. Liver lesions were easily induced in hamsters with two strains of E. histolytica but not with six others.2. Serial liver passage increased the invasiveness to the rat's caecum of one strain which had become attenuated by in vitro cultivation.3. The invasiveness of one of the liver passage substrains was lost a second time after cultivation in vitro and a second series of liver passages restored some degree of virulence.4. Serial liver passage did not increase the invasiveness of two avirulent strains.5. The ease of production of amoebic liver lesions in hamsters is not correlated with invasiveness in the rat's caecum.
Developmental joint trajectories of anxiety-depressive trait and trait-aggression: implications for co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing problems
Authors: Dugré Jules R. , Dumais Alexandre , Dellazizzo Laura , Potvin Stéphane 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn youth, anxiety-depressive traits (ADT) and trait-aggression (TA) are important risk factors of exhibiting maladaptive behaviors in adulthood (i.e. violence and substance use). However, the developmental co-occurrence of these traits in youth remains unknown. We thus sought to investigate the developmental trajectories of ADT and TA within a data-driven approach. The aim was two-fold: (i) to examine the developmental trajectories of ADT and TA in youth from ages 10 to 16, and (ii) to investigate both childhood predictors and problematic outcomes of the identified joint trajectories.MethodThe sample comprised 1354 children provided from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) Consortium. Group-based trajectory modeling was first employed to identify individual trajectory models of ADT and TA independently (from ages 10 to 16). Then, joint trajectory models were built on the found trajectories. Last, logistic regressions were used to evaluate the childhood characteristics and negative outcomes of the joint trajectory groups.ResultsOur results showed five trajectory groups with varying levels of ADT and TA. A significant co-occurrence between ADT and TA was found in three of the trajectory groups. Notably, higher levels of childhood psychopathology and more severe/frequent childhood abuse were found in the groups with moderate to high ADT and high TA. The groups with higher ADT and high TA were also more likely to exhibit violence and substance use.ConclusionsThis study exposes the importance of assessing ADT and TA simultaneously and early in childhood to prevent and manage the risk of problematic behaviors in adolescence.
A Minoan shaft-grave in the bank with Hogarth's Tombs (Knossos Survey 16)
Authors: Hood Sinclair 
Published: June 2019

What seemed to be the covering slabs of a tomb were noticed by the School's foreman, Manoli Markoyiannakis, exposed in the low field bank which forms the southern continuation of the high bank with the Geometric tombs dug by Hogarth and Payne, a couple of metres north of the path running eastwards across the base of the Kefala ridge past the Hellenic tower (BSA 52 (1957) 244ff.). During the course of the School's excavation of the early Christian building on the neighbouring Sanatorium site in 1953 Dr. N. Platon, Ephor of Antiquities for Crete, kindly gave me permission to examine the slabs, which were found to cover a grave roughly rectangular in shape and measuring 1·60 × 0·70 at the bottom (Fig. 1). The grave's floor was only 1·15 at the west end and 1·60 at the east below the modern surface of the rock; but the surface here must have once stood much higher, and have worn away owing to erosion.The three large slabs over the grave were blocks of dressed limestone. That at the east end (A) had a ‘branch’ sign (L. 0·25, max. W. 0·13), boldly carved with broad shallow V-shaped grooves, on the upper exposed face in the north-east corner (Fig. 1, Plate 66d). The joints between the three slabs were carefully wedged with small stones. In the grave below them was a clean fill of kouskouras, the soft white chalky rock of the area, containing a few nondescript Minoan sherds. The cover slabs with the smaller stones wedged in the joints between them seemed to be in place; but the earth below contained small lumps of rock, as if the grave had been deliberately filled before the cover slabs were laid in position. This agrees with what has been observed in the case of other Minoan shaft-graves in the Gypsades cemetery (see p. 219). At the bottom of the grave were the scanty remains of a skeleton, lying on its back with the knees flexed and originally perhaps raised in the usual manner (see p. 218). Although the cover slabs appeared to be in position, and the grave undisturbed, nothing was found with the skeleton. The grave is, however, like other similar shaft-graves at Knossos, presumably Late Minoan, and perhaps early rather than late in the period. The cover slabs may well be old building blocks, and they and the ‘branch’ sign carved on one of them may therefore be considerably earlier than the grave.
François Gény’s Doctrine of Customary Law
Authors: Benson Peter E. 
Published: June 2019

SommaireL’idée de considérer la coûtume comme l’une des bases du droit international pose des difficultés que les juristes tentent de résoudre depuis longtemps. Au dix-neuvième siècle, François Gény essaya d’expliquer le rôle de la coûtume comme l’une des sources du droit interne et ses recherches permettent de comprendre un peu comment la coûtume peut être considérée comme l’une des sources du droit international. Gény soulignait la difficulté qu’il y a à décider à quel stade de son développement l’usage devient droit coûtumier et se rendait compte qu’il devait y avoir à la fois un élément matériel et un élément psychologique. Mais il se rendait aussi compte de l’inexactitude fondamentale de toute explication du processus de création du droit coûtumier, cette explication étant influencée par la fait que ceux participant à la formation de la coûtume croient, faussement, qu’ils sont déjà obligés de l’observer. Gény, comme d’autres théoriciens, n’ayant pas réussi à résoudre ce dilemme, il est nécessaire de se pencher à nouveau sur la question de savoir si la coûtume est l’une des sources du droit international.
Fundamental Norms in Contemporary International Law
Authors: MacDonald R. ST. J. 
Published: June 2019

SommaireLe présent article analyse la question de la hiérarchie en droit international contemporain et pose la question de l'existence même d'une telle hiérarchie, tout en examinant les différents niveaux hiérarchiques possibles. Une énumération des normes supérieures plus importantes est également effectuée et est suivie de commentaires sur leur interaction. Une attention toute particulière est consacrée à la Charte des Nations Unies, au jus cogens et à la doctrine erga omnes.