bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superior basal and plastic thermal responses to environmental heterogeneity in invasive exotic stemborer Chilo partellus Swinhoe over indigenous Busseola fusca (Fuller) and Sesamia calamistis Hampson
Authors: Mutamiswa Reyard , Chidawanyika Frank , Nyamukondiwa Casper 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLepidopteran stemborers are the most destructive insect pests of cereal crops in sub‐Saharan Africa. In nature, these insects are often exposed to multiple environmental stressors, resulting in potent impact on their thermal tolerance. Such environmental stressors may influence their activity, survival, abundance and biogeography. In the present study, we investigate the effects of acclimation to temperature, starvation and desiccation on thermal tolerance, measured as critical thermal limits [critical thermal minima (CTmin) and maxima (CTmax)] on laboratory‐reared economic pest species Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Busseola fusca (Fuller) and Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using established protocols. Low temperature acclimation results in improved CTmin for B. fusca and C. partellus, whereas high temperature acclimation enhances the same trait for B. fusca and S. calamistis. Similarly, high temperature and starvation pretreatment improve CTmax for C. partellus relative to S. calamistis and B. fusca. In addition, starvation and desiccation pretreatments improve CTmin for all stemborer species. Furthermore, rapid cold‐hardening (RCH) enhancs CTmin for B. fusca and C. partellus, whereas rapid heat‐hardening (RHH) improves the same trait for C. partellus. However, RCH and RHH impair CTmax for all stemborer species. These findings show differential thermal tolerances after exposure to heterogeneous environmental stress habitats. Chilo partellus, of exotic origin, shows a higher magnitude of basal thermal tolerance plasticity relative to the indigenous African species S. calamistis and B. fusca. This indicates that C. partellus may have a fitness and survival advantage under climate‐induced heterogeneous environments, and also have a greater chance for geographical range expansion and invasion success compared with the indigenous B. fusca and S. calamistis.
SRTM‐assisted block adjustment for stereo pushbroom imagery
Authors: Zhou Ping , Tang Xinming , Wang Zhenming , Cao Ning , Wang Xia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a stereo‐image block‐adjustment algorithm without ground control points (GCPs) by adopting a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) as a height assistant. Using dense, evenly distributed tie points on images used in the block adjustment, the initial height values of tie points are derived directly from the SRTM DEM. In the subsequent block‐adjustment iterative computation, the height correction value for tie points is rigorously restricted by the SRTM DEM elevation. A total of 509 ZY‐3 satellite stereo‐images across 190 000 km2 of China's Hubei Province were used for this block‐adjustment experiment. The results show that the vertical root mean square errors (RMSEs) are improved from 7·2 to 2·3 m without GCPs, while the RMSEs in flat and mountainous terrain are improved to 1·5 and 2·8 m, respectively, fulfilling the vertical accuracy requirement of China's 1:25 000 scale mapping.
Mechanism of UV‐driven Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Berberine Chloride Form Using the ESR Spin‐trapping Method
Authors: Liu Rong , Zhang Yonggang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhotoelectrocatalytic (PEC) system greatly improves the migration of photoexcited charges, retards the fast recombination of electron‐hole and increases the lifetime of photogenerated holes. In this article, we constructed a novel PEC system to degrade berberine chloride form (BCF). XRD patterns indicated aging time was an important condition for the crystal type of TiO2, and the best proportion of anatase/rutile was 80/20. The band gap energy of the TiO2 was 3.01 eV. We demonstrated that a synergistic effect existed between photocatalysis (PC) and electrocatalysis (EC). Besides, we discussed the influence of pH, current density, the amount of catalyst and initial BCF concentration on the degradation of BCF. Electron spin resonance (ESR) through spin trap 5, 5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO) and the scavenging experiments suggested that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) were superoxide radicals (), hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and sulfate radical () in PEC system. Furthermore, we compared the two pathway of formation DMPO‐SO4 adducts and found that was the most major oxidized species in degrading BCF. We proposed a plausible reaction mechanism. Intriguingly, even under lower current and weaker light conditions, the PEC process maintained its effectiveness, demonstrating the feasibility of the PEC approach.
Curcumin‐Functionalized Ag/Ag2O Nanocomposites: Efficient Visible‐Light Z‐scheme Photocatalysts
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Verma Alkadevi , Pal Shaili , Sinha Indrajit 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCurcumin‐functionalized Ag/Ag2O (c‐Ag/Ag2O) nanocomposites with varying proportions of curcumin and Ag/Ag2O were prepared by a simple one pot green synthesis protocol in aqueous medium. The plasmonic band undergoes slight redshift, broadening and decrease in intensity with increase in the proportion of Ag2O formed. These composite nanoparticles were found to be efficient visible‐light photocatalysts for aerobic oxidation of methyl orange and rhodamine B (RhB). Functionalization by curcumin significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity with good reusability. The photocatalytic oxidation rate showed super linear increase with light intensity because of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)‐induced strong near field. The trapping experiments confirmed that superoxide radicals were the main active species responsible for the degradation reaction. A plasmonic Z‐scheme photocatalytic mechanism is proposed to explain the possible charge transfer and separation behavior of electron–hole pairs among Ag, Ag2O and curcumin under visible‐light irradiation.
Is hospitalisation necessary? A survey of frail older persons with cognitive impairment transferred from nursing homes to the emergency department
Authors: Björck Maria , Wijk Helle 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundProviding care for frail older persons is complex and demanding, and the transfer of older persons with cognitive impairment to the emergency department is associated with a high risk of them developing complications.AimTo survey the most ill and frail older persons with cognitive impairment who were transferred from nursing homes to the emergency department, considering reasons for referral, symptoms and actions taken at the hospital.MethodA retrospective descriptive survey, conducting a review of 588 referral notes and medical records, analysed and presented with descriptive statistics and visualised with typical case narratives.FindingsThe persons who were transferred to the emergency department were frail with complex symptomology. When reviewing the medical records in the light of criteria for avoidable hospitalisation, 75% of the patients could have been examined and treated at the nursing homes or in primary care.ConclusionFrail older persons with cognitive impairment, who are in need of end‐of‐life care, should be prevented from unnecessary hospitalisation. The majority of these transfers to the emergency department can be avoided if there is better planning beforehand, more specially trained nurses in elderly care in the municipalities, and more physicians making house calls.
Survivors’ experiences of consequences and recovery five years after a major bus crash
Authors: Doohan Isabelle , Gyllencreutz Lina , Björnstig Ulf , Saveman Britt‐Inger 
Published: February 2018

RationaleThere is a lack of long‐term follow‐up studies focused on injured and uninjured survivors’ experiences of the recovery process after major traffic crashes.AimTo explore all survivors’ experiences of long‐term physical and psychological consequences and recovery 5 years after a major bus crash.Methodological design and justificationA qualitative design was used to explore experiences in a 5‐year follow‐up study.Research methodsParticipants were 54 survivors of a bus crash with 56 survivors and six fatalities. Telephone interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe first category, ‘Being resilient or suffering in daily life’, has four subcategories covering quick recovery, suffering in daily life, distress in traffic situations and long‐term pain. Reasons for quick recovery among survivors were previous crisis experiences, travelling alone, being uninjured and not being exposed to traumatic impressions. For the other survivors, being reminded of the crash caused disturbing reactions, such as sweating, anxiety and flashbacks. Survivors avoided going by bus if they could. A group of the injured survivors was still suffering from limiting and painful injuries. The second category, ‘Reassessing oneself and social connections’, has three subcategories covering self‐awareness, impact on relationships and connectedness. Survivors either developed a stronger bond to their significant other or separated from their partner within the first couple of years. Friendships and a sense of connectedness among survivors were sources of long‐lasting comfort and support. The theme overarching the categories is ‘Visible and existential marks in everyday life’, representing the various ways in which the crash influence the survivors’ lives.ConclusionThere is a need for more information about disruptive long‐lasting consequences, such as travel anxiety, and available treatments. Initially, health‐promoting connectedness can be facilitated by treating survivors as a group of people who belong together, from the day of the crash and throughout the recovery process.
How to achieve a collaborative approach in health promotion: preferences and ideas of users of mental health services
Authors: Pals Regitze Anne Saurbrey , Hempler Nana Folmann 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundCollaborative approaches to consensus building or decision‐making are beneficial in health‐promoting activities targeting users of mental health services (users). However, little is known about how to achieve a collaborative approach in practice.AimThe purpose of this study was to explore: (1) users’ preferences and ideas related to achieving a collaborative approach in health‐related communication and (2) perspectives of healthcare and social work professionals and family members on users’ ideas and preferences.MethodsData were collected through interactive workshops with users (n = 15), professionals (n = 21) and users’ family members (n = 12). Data were analysed using systematic text condensation.ResultsUsers provided three recommendations for establishing a collaborative approach in communication about health: (1) involving users in deciding the agenda and setting for health‐promoting activities; (2) exchanging knowledge between users and professionals about health and values; and (3) exploring users’ motivation for change. Users and professionals had diverging perceptions of the value of establishing a collaborative approach. Professionals regarded relationship building and health promotion as separate phenomena, whereas users perceived relationship building as inherently health promoting. Family members of users requested specific guidance and support with regard to clarifying and fulfilling the best possible support role as a family member.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that a collaborative approach in health promotion may be difficult to achieve without a focus on professional development for healthcare and social work professionals.
Interprofessional learning in ambulatory care
Authors: Saunders Rosemary , Dugmore Helen , Seaman Karla , Singer Rachel , Lake Fiona 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundInterprofessional practice amongst health care professionals can facilitate effective collaboration and can improve health outcomes for patients. Interprofessional clinical placements have mainly been established within inpatient settings; however, ambulatory care settings can also provide interprofessional education. This study evaluates an interprofessional placement in ambulatory care for medical and nursing students.MethodsMedical and nursing students undertook a 2‐week interprofessional placement in respiratory, diabetes and chronic pain clinics, as well as within the patient's home. An electronic post‐placement survey including 14 fixed‐response and five open‐ended questions was conducted to evaluate the students’ experiences.ResultsNinety‐two students undertook the interprofessional placement: 74% were medical students and 26% were nursing students. The overall response rate was 81%. Students strongly supported the model of clinical supervision with the nurse educator and teaching registrar working collaboratively to facilitate the placement. Both medical and nursing students felt that the placement facilitated the development of interprofessional principles, with 78.7% agreeing or strongly agreeing with the statement ‘the clinical placement allowed me to reflect on interprofessional learning and practice’. In terms of future practice, 67% of medical students and 81% of nursing students agreed that ‘this placement has altered how [they] will practice as a professional in the future’.Interprofessional practice can facilitate effective collaboration and can improve health outcomes for patientsDiscussionMedical and nursing students found that the ambulatory care setting facilitated a mix of learning opportunities that complemented learning from the inpatient setting, and the interactions with other health professionals provided a valuable learning experience that contributed to their understanding of interprofessional practice.
OsNAC2 positively affects salt‐induced cell death and binds to the OsAP37 and OsCOX11 promoters
Authors: Mao Chanjuan , Ding Jialin , Zhang Bin , Xi Dandan , Ming Feng 
Published: February 2018

SummaryPlant development and adaptation to environmental stresses are intimately associated with programmed cell death (PCD). Although some of the mechanisms regulating PCD [e.g., accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)] are common among responses to different abiotic stresses, the pathways mediating salt‐induced PCD remain largely uncharacterized. Here we report that overexpression of OsNAC2, which encodes a plant‐specific transcription factor, promotes salt‐induced cell death accompanied by the loss of plasma membrane integrity, nuclear DNA fragmentation, and changes to caspase‐like activity. In OsNAC2‐knockdown lines, cell death was markedly decreased in response to severe salt stress. Additionally, OsNAC2 expression was enhanced in rice seedlings exposed to a high NaCl concentration. Moreover, the results of quantitative real‐time PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, dual‐luciferase, and yeast one‐hybrid assays indicated that OsNAC2 targeted genes that encoded an ROS scavenger (OsCOX11) and a caspase‐like protease (OsAP37). Furthermore, K+‐efflux channels (OsGORK and OsSKOR) were clearly activated by OsNAC2. Overall, our results suggested that OsNAC2 accelerates NaCl‐induced PCD and provide new insights into the mechanisms that affect ROS accumulation, plant caspase‐like activity, and K+ efflux.
Why has export diversification been so hard to achieve in Africa?
Authors: Mosley Paul 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper addresses two research issues to which Chris Milner has contributed: the role of trade policy in economic development, and the particular development case of Mauritius. On the first issue, the focus is on understanding why so few low‐income countries, especially in Africa, have achieved a sustained level of export diversification. The paper argues that the standard “Washington Consensus” advice on trade policy placed too much emphasis on liberalisation alone and neglected the important role of government policy, in particular the potential to use targeted input subsidies to support the development of export sectors. Mauritius is then discussed as an example of relatively successful subsidy policies that enabled diversification of exports: indeed the only African country to achieve this in a sustained manner. Subsidies are not advocated as a panacea, and it is recognised that they are not always feasible or effective, but they can be part of an export diversification strategy that supports economic growth.
The challenge of youth employment in Asia: Lessons from four fast‐growing economies
Authors: McKay Andy , Mussida Chiara , Veruete Leticia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe situation of youth in relation to the labour market is a matter of serious concern for many governments, and an issue of increasing focus in international policy discussions. This paper draws on comparable school to work transition survey data to examine the nature of youth employment in four important and generally successful Asian economies that are relatively engaged in international trade, though to varying extents: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal and Vietnam. In all four, many young people continue to be engaged in self‐employment or unpaid family work; while in some cases, this may reflect the lack of opportunities for wage work in the formal sector, often such outcomes may be positive choices on the part of the young people. The availability of formal jobs for young people varies across the four countries, with the extent and diversity of industrialisation or exports being one important factor, as well as the level of education. In Vietnam, the country most advanced in these areas, the availability of formal jobs is significantly greater than in the other countries and is large on an international scale, while in Bangladesh and Cambodia, the textiles and garment sectors have played an important role in creating formal work opportunities, especially for females.
Thriving on Pressure: A Factor Mixture Analysis of Sport Performers’ Responses to Competitive Encounters
Authors: Brown Daniel J. , Arnold Rachel , Standage Martyn , Fletcher David 
Published: February 2018

Although considerable research exists on performers’ responses to sporting encounters, little is known about thriving in sport contexts. The current study examined if distinct response patterns existed between sport performers who thrived in competitive encounters compared with those who did not. Participants were 535 sport performers (134 women; Mage = 23.60 years, SDage = 8.08; Mcompeting = 11.84 years, SDcompeting = 7.11). Results of factor mixture analysis supported a four-profile solution comprising a thriving group (n = 146), a low-functioning group (n = 38), and two groups characterized by scores marginally above (n = 131) and below (n = 209) the sample mean. Profile membership was found to be predicted by personal enablers (viz., personal resilient qualities, psychological skills use) and process variables (viz., basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration, challenge appraisal). This examination of thriving in sport performers offers significant implications for research and practice.
A Proof-of-Concept Study of the Efficacy of Systemically Administered Polymyxins in Mouse Burn Wound Infection Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens
Authors: Lin Yu-Wei , Chen Ke , Wang Jiping , Velkov Tony , Zhou Qi Tony , Li Jian 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

The efficacy of subcutaneously administered polymyxins against burn wound infections caused by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Acinetobacter baumannii
, and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
was examined in a murine infection model. Subcutaneously administered colistin and polymyxin B (30 mg/kg thrice daily) achieved a ≥2-log
10
reduction in the bacterial load for
P. aeruginosa
and
A. baumannii
infections, whereas wound infections by
K. pneumoniae
were less responsive (<1-log
10
reduction). This study highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of parenteral polymyxins for treating burn wound infections.
Temporal and Regional Variability in the Skin Microbiome of Humpback Whales along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Bierlich K. C. , Miller Carolyn , DeForce Emelia , Friedlaender Ari S. , Johnston David W. , Apprill Amy 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe skin is the first line of defense between an animal and its environment, and disruptions in skin-associated microorganisms can be linked to an animal's health and nutritional state. To better understand the skin microbiome of large whales, high-throughput sequencing of partial small subunit rRNA genes was used to study the skin-associated bacteria of 89 seemingly healthy humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) sampled along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) during early (2010) and late (2013) austral summers. Six core groups of bacteria were present in 93% or more of all humpback skin samples. A shift was observed in the average relative abundances of these core bacteria over time, with the emergence of four additional core groups of bacteria that corresponded to a decrease in water temperature, possibly caused by season- or foraging-related changes in skin biochemistry that influenced microbial growth, or other temporal factors. The skin microbiome differed between whales sampled at several regional locations along the WAP, suggesting that environmental factors or population may also influence the whale skin microbiome. Overall, the skin microbiome of humpback whales appears to provide insight into animal- and environment-related factors and may serve as a useful indicator for animal health or ecosystem alterations.IMPORTANCEThe microbiomes of wild animals are currently understudied but may provide information about animal health and/or animal-environment interactions. In the largest sampling of any marine mammal microbiome, this study demonstrates conservation in the skin microbiome of 89 seemingly healthy humpback whales sampled in the Western Antarctic Peninsula, with shifts in the bacterial community composition related to temporal and regional variability. This study is important because it suggests that the skin microbiome of humpback whales could provide insight into animal nutritional or seasonal/environment-related factors, which are becoming increasingly important to recognize due to unprecedented rates of climate change and anthropogenic impact on ocean ecosystems.