bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 and periodontal bacteria—interlink between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease?
Authors: Schmidt J. , Weigert M. , Leuschner C. , Hartmann H. , Raddatz D. , Haak R. , Mausberg R.F. , Kottmann T. , Schmalz G. , Ziebolz D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was the investigation of concentration and prevalence of selected periodontal pathogenic bacteria and concentration of active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8) within a group of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and to compare the results with a group of healthy control subjects (HC).MethodsFifty‐nine IBD patients with Crohn`s disease (CD, n = 30) or ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 29) and 59 HC were included in this cross‐sectional study. Based on periodontal probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), periodontitis was classified as healthy/mild, moderate, or severe. aMMP‐8 was analyzed from gingival crevicular fluid using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Eleven selected periodontal pathogenic bacteria were analyzed in subgingival plaque samples using polymerase chain reaction.ResultsIBD patients showed higher CAL (P < 0.01), more severe periodontitis (P = 0.04), gingival bleeding (P < 0.01) and aMMP‐8 concentration (P < 0.01) than HC. Only in CD, increasing severity of periodontitis was associated with an increase in aMMP‐8 concentration (P = 0.02). The prevalences of Eubacterium nodatum and Eikenella corrodens were significantly lower in IBD compared to HC (P = 0.01). Additionally, the prevalence of Eikenella corrodens was significantly higher in CD compared to the UC group (P = 0.04). Further statistically significant differences in selected bacteria between IBD and HC or CD and UC groups could not be found (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results reveal changes in host immune response of IBD patients in terms of aMMP‐8. Only in CD increasing aMMP‐8 was associated with severity of periodontal disease. The role of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the interrelationship between IBD and periodontitis remains unclear.
Gene expression analysis of neuropeptides in oral mucosa during periodontal disease in non‐human primates
Authors: Ferrin John , Kirakodu Sreenatha , Jensen David , Al‐Attar Ahmad , Peyyala Rebecca , Novak M. John , Dawson Dolph , Al‐Sabbagh Mohanad , Stromberg Arnold J. , Orraca Luis , Gonzalez‐Martinez Janis , Burgos Armando , Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Gonzalez Octavio A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundNeuropeptides (NPs) are innate pivotal regulators of the immunoinflammatory response. Nevertheless, their role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease remains unknown. Changes in gene expression of 10 NPs and 16 NP receptors (NPRs) coincident with the initiation, progression, and resolution of periodontitis were determined.MethodsThe ligature‐induced periodontitis model was used in rhesus monkeys (n = 18). Gingival tissue samples were taken at baseline (preligatures), at 2 weeks and at 1 month (initiation), and at 3 months (progression) postligation. Ligatures were removed and samples taken 2 months later (resolution). Total RNA was isolated from tissues and NP/NPR gene expression microarray analysis was performed. Gene expression changes were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.ResultsUnexpectedly, the expression of pro‐inflammatory NPs/NPRs did not change during periodontitis or with resolution. However, increased expression of the anti‐inflammatory NPs adrenomedullin (ADM) and galanin (GAL), and the NPRs calcitonin receptor‐like (CALCRL) and receptor activity‐modifying protein‐2 and ‐3 (RAMP2 and RAMP3) were observed during initiation and progression of disease. The expression of the same NPs/NPRs exhibited a significant positive correlation with both molecular (interleukin‐1ß, matrix mettaloproteinase‐9, and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand) and clinical measures of gingival inflammation and tissue destruction.ConclusionInitiation and progression of periodontitis involve significant overexpression of ADM, GAL, CALCRL, RAMP2, and RAMP3. These anti‐inflammatory NPs/NPRs could play a role in the unresolved infection and inflammation that normally drives tissue destruction in periodontitis. Both ADM and GAL potentially are new candidates to consider as biomolecules associated with periodontal disease activity.
Validity of self‐reported periodontal measures, demographic characteristics, and systemic medical conditions
Authors: Chatzopoulos Georgios S. , Cisneros Alejandro , Sanchez Miguel , Lunos Scott , Wolff Larry F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the present study was to assess self‐reported periodontal screening questions, demographic characteristics, systemic medical conditions, and tobacco use for predicting periodontal disease among individuals seeking dental therapy in a university dental clinic.MethodsIn this retrospective study, a total of 4,890 randomly selected dental charts were evaluated from among patients who had attended the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry clinics for treatment. Radiographic bone loss measurements were used to assess the severity of periodontal disease. Demographic characteristics as well as medical history of the patients were also recorded. Five self‐reported periodontal screening questions were included, with answers limited to Yes/No. Generalized logit models were used to assess the association between bone loss and the predictors.ResultsThe sample's mean age was 54.1 years and included 52.6% males and 14.9% smokers, with a mean of 3.5 missing teeth. Self‐reported tooth mobility, history of “gum treatment,” and the importance of retaining teeth as well as age, tobacco use, and cancer were statistically significant predictors (P < 0.05) of a radiographic diagnosis of moderate and severe periodontal disease. With respect to severe periodontal disease, significant associations (P < 0.05) were also found with “bleeding while brushing,” gender, diabetes, anxiety, and arthritis.ConclusionsSelf‐reported periodontal screening questions as well as demographic characteristics, smoking, and systemic medical conditions were significant predictors of periodontal disease, and they could be used as valid, economic, and practical measures.
Efficacy and safety of recombinant E. coli asparaginase in children with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A randomized multicenter study of the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group
Authors: van der Sluis Inge M. , de Groot‐Kruseman Hester , te Loo Maroeska , Tissing Wim J.E. , van den Bos Cor , Kaspers Gertjan J.L. , Bierings Marc , Kollen Wouter J.W. , König Thorsten , Pichlmeier Uwe , Kühnel Hans‐Jürgen , Pieters Rob 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy and safety of recombinant Escherichia coli–asparaginase (rASNase) was compared to native E.coli asparaginase (Asparaginase medac).MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐nine children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia were randomized to receive one of both agents at a dose of 5,000 U/m² during induction (eight doses) and 10,000 U/m² during the postinduction phase (only high‐risk patients; standard‐ and medium‐risk patients received pegaspargase).ResultsMedian trough serum asparaginase activity levels were comparable between both groups; they ranged from 143 to 182 U/l during induction and were above the target value of 100 U/l. Complete asparagine depletion in serum was achieved in 97.9% of patients, with no significant differences between both groups. On day 33 (end of induction), only two (2%) evaluable patients in each group had measurable asparagine serum levels, and complete asparagine depletion in the cerebrospinal fluid was achieved in 98.8% and 93.6% of the patients with rASNase and Asparaginase medac, respectively. During induction, 2.1% and 5% of patients developed an allergic reaction to rASNase or Asparaginase medac, respectively. Approximately 41% of the patients in both groups had a clinical allergy or enzyme inactivation to the first dose of any asparaginase preparation in postinduction. A comparable proportion of patients in both groups developed anti‐asparaginase antibodies (57%) during repeated administration of asparaginase. Minimal residual disease levels at the end of induction, 5‐year event‐free survival, and 5‐year cumulative incidence of relapse did not differ between both groups.ConclusionThe efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of both asparaginase preparations are comparable. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00784017; EudraCT number 2006‐003180‐31.
Multifactorial analysis of opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome etiology (“Tumor” vs. “No tumor”) in a cohort of 356 US children
Authors: Pranzatelli Michael R. , Tate Elizabeth D. , McGee Nathan R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPediatric opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome (OMS) presents a paradox of etiopathogenesis: A neuroblastic tumor (NB) is found in only one half of the cases, the others are ascribed to infections or designated as idiopathic.MethodFrom an IRB‐approved observational study of 356 US children with OMS, secondary analysis of “etiology” and related factors was performed on a well‐characterized cohort. The “Tumor” (n = 173) and “No Tumor” groups (n = 183), as defined radiologically, were compared according to multiple factors considered potentially differentiating. Data were analyzed retrospectively using parametric and nonparametric tests as indicated.ResultsPatients with NB were not distinguishable by prodromal symptoms, OMS onset age, gender, race/ethnicity, OMS severity, rank order of neurological sign appearance, or geographic distribution. Various CSF immunologic biomarker abnormalities of OMS did not vary in the presence or absence of a detectable tumor: frequency of six lymphocyte subsets, or concentrations of 18 cytokines/chemokines, cytokine antagonists, chemokine receptors, cell adhesion molecules, or neuronal/glial markers. Prior responsiveness to conventional immunotherapy was not contingent on tumor/no tumor designation.ConclusionsMultiple convergent factors provide compelling empirical evidence and rationalize the concept that OMS is one neurological disorder, regardless of apparent etiology. Limitations to the current clinical etiologic classifications as paraneoplastic, parainfectious/post‐infectious, and idiopathic etiology require antigen‐based biological solutions to tease out the molecular pathophysiology of viral/tumoral mechanisms. Systematic studies, regardless of presumed etiology, will be necessary to find the highest‐yield combination of imaging approaches, screening for infectious agents, and new biomarkers. Two testable hypotheses for future research are presented.
A comparison of ketamine + midazolam to propofol for procedural sedation for lumbar puncture in pediatric oncology by nonanesthesiologists—a randomized comparative trial
Authors: Chayapathi Varsha , Kalra Manas , Bakshi Anita S. , Mahajan Amita 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundBoth ketamine–midazolam and propofol are frequently used in pediatric oncology units for procedural sedation. However, there are no prospective, randomized comparative trials (RCT) comparing the two groups when the procedure is performed by nonanesthesiologists.ObjectiveTo compare ketamine + midazolam (group A) and propofol (group B) as sedative agents for intrathecal chemotherapy with regard to efficacy, side effects, time to induction, time to recovery, and smoothness of recovery.MethodsA partially‐blinded RCT was conducted between August 2015 and March 2017 after gaining institutional ethics committee approval. Children aged 1–12 years requiring intravenous sedation for intrathecal chemotherapy were included. Patients were allocated to two treatment arms using computer‐generated randomization tables, after obtaining written consent. The initial doses used were: ketamine 2 mg/kg, midazolam 0.2 mg/kg, and propofol 2.5 mg/kg, as per standard recommendations. The patient, parents, and person analyzing the data were blinded. Time to sedation, dose required, depth of sedation, vital parameters, time and smoothness of recovery, and emergence phenomena were documented.ResultsWe enrolled 152 patients (76 each in group A and B). Nine patients had a failure of sedation (all in group B). Mean time to sedation and recovery was shorter in group B (P < 0.001). Transient drop in saturation was more frequent in group B, without statistical significance (P = 0.174). Mean depth of sedation was greater in group A (P < 0.001). Emergence symptoms were more frequently experienced in group A (P < 0.001).ConclusionsKetamine–midazolam combination is safer and more effective. Propofol is faster in onset and recovery, and has smoother emergence with poor efficacy at recommended initial doses.
In this issue of Weather
Authors: Galvin Jim 
Published: May 2018

We begin this month's issue of Weather with an examination of the products becoming available from high‐resolution mesoscale models, able to resolve significant clouds. In ‘Simulated satellite imagery at sub‐kilometre resolution by the Hong Kong Observatory’ on p. 139, KK Hon shows the increasing value of the new AVM model as an aid to forecasters at a busy airport. Its performance at short range is demonstrated as significant and the similarity of its simulated clouds to those observed by satellite is impressive.The River Nile gave birth to the Ancient Egyptian culture, closely linked through Greece and Rome to that of much of the Old World. However, its plentiful water
supply – peaking in summer, unlike most other desert rivers – was a great mystery to the Ancient Egyptians and the Classical thinkers, as explained by Ian Strangeways in ‘The Nile River: an enigma’ on p. 145. It is only in the past 170 years or so that we have come to understand this river, as its whole course has been plotted through northeastern Africa.During the 19th Century, many European countries founded societies of people interested in the weather and the development of meteorological science. However, it is only in the past three decades that any significant links between these societies have become established, even though National Meteorological Services in Europe – and their predecessors – have been exchanging weather data for more than 150 years.
A detailed description of the development of these links begins on p. 149 in ‘Associating weather societies across Europe, Part 1’ by René Morin and Jon Wieringa.Since radiosondes have been able to sound the stratosphere, a notable change of winds from westerly to easterly on an approximate 2‐year time scale has been notable. But how can we investigate stratospheric winds in earlier times? On p. 154, ‘Exploring the “prehistory” of the equatorial stratosphere with observations following major volcanic eruptions’ by Kevin Hamilton and T Sakazaki provides some answers by using accounts of red skies in the tropical zone formed due to the effects of volcanic aerosols.‘The application of a single‐model ensemble system to the seasonal prediction of winter temperatures for Islamabad and Lahore using coupled general circulation models’ by Bushra Khalid, Cholaw Bueh, Shumaila Javeed, Shaukat Ali, Qaiser Sultana and Ayesha Khalid is on p. 159. Although the resolution of global models provides some challenges, the value of using perturbations of the analyses of these models can be seen in data produced for site‐specific forecasts.
Latent profiles of family background, personality and mental health factors and their association with behavioural addictions and substance use disorders in young Swiss men
Authors: Marmet Simon , Studer Joseph , Rougemont-Bücking Ansgar , Gmel Gerhard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground:Recent theories suggest that behavioural addictions and substance use disorders may be the result of the same underlying vulnerability. The present study investigates profiles of family background, personality and mental health factors and their associations with seven behavioural addictions (to the internet, gaming, smartphones, internet sex, gambling, exercise and work) and three substance use disorder scales (for alcohol, cannabis and tobacco).Methods:The sample consisted of 5287 young Swiss men (mean age = 25.42) from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF). A latent profile analysis was performed on family background, personality and mental health factors. The derived profiles were compared with regards to means and prevalence rates of the behavioural addiction and substance use disorder scales.Results:Seven latent profiles were identified, ranging from profiles with a positive family background, favourable personality patterns and low values on mental health scales to profiles with a negative family background, unfavourable personality pattern and high values on mental health scales. Addiction scale means, corresponding prevalence rates and the number of concurrent addictions were highest in profiles with high values on mental health scales and a personality pattern dominated by neuroticism. Overall, behavioural addictions and substance use disorders showed similar patterns across latent profiles.Conclusion:Patterns of family background, personality and mental health factors were associated with different levels of vulnerability to addictions. Behavioural addictions and substance use disorders may thus be the result of the same underlying vulnerabilities.
Baseline results from the European non-interventional Antipsychotic Long acTing injection in schizOphrenia (ALTO) study
Authors: Llorca Pierre-Michel , Bobes Julio , Fleischhacker W. Wolfgang , Heres Stephan , Moore Nicholas , Bent-Ennakhil Nawal , Sapin Christophe , Loze Jean-Yves , Nylander Anna-Greta , Patel Maxine X. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground:The Antipsychotic Long-acTing injection in schizOphrenia (ALTO) study was a non-interventional study across several European countries examining prescription of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics to identify sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients receiving and physicians prescribing LAIs. ALTO was also the first large-scale study in Europe to report on the use of both first- or second-generation antipsychotic (FGA- or SGA-) LAIs.Methods:Patients with schizophrenia receiving a FGA- or SGA-LAI were enrolled between June 2013 and July 2014 and categorized as incident or prevalent users. Assessments included measures of disease severity, functioning, insight, well-being, attitudes towards antipsychotics, and quality of life.Results:For the 572 patients, disease severity was generally mild-to-moderate and the majority were unemployed and/or socially withdrawn. 331/572 were prevalent LAI antipsychotic users; of whom 209 were prescribed FGA-LAI. Paliperidone was the most commonly prescribed SGA-LAI (56% of incident users, 21% of prevalent users). 337/572 (58.9%) were considered at risk of non-adherence. Prevalent LAI users had a tendency towards better insight levels (PANSS G12 item). Incident FGA-LAI users had more severe disease, poorer global functioning, lower quality of life, higher rates of non-adherence, and were more likely to have physician-reported lack of insight.Conclusions:These results indicate a lower pattern of FGA-LAI usage, reserved by prescribers for seemingly more difficult-to-treat patients and those least likely to adhere to oral medication.
“The Negro's Peculiar Work”: Jim Crow and Black Discourses on US Empire, Race, and the African Question, 1877–1900
Authors: JONES JEANNETTE EILEEN 
Published: May 2018

In 1887, T. Thomas Fortune published an editorial, “The Negro's Peculiar Work,” in the black newspaper theNew York Freeman, wherein he reflected on a recent keynote speech delivered by Reverend J. C. Price on 3 January in Columbia, South Carolina, to commemorate Emancipation Day. Price, a member of the Zion Wesley Institute of the AME Zion Church, hailed from North Carolina and his denomination considered him to be “the most popular and eloquent Negro of the present generation.” On the occasion meant to reflect on the meaning of the Emancipation Proclamation (which went into effect on 1 January 1863) for present-day African Americans, Price turned his gaze away from the US towards Africa. In his speech “The American Negro, His Future, and His Peculiar Work” Price declared that African Americans had a duty to redeem Africans and help them take back their continent from the Europeans who had partitioned it in 1884–85. He railed,The whites found gold, diamonds, and other riches in Africa. Why should not the Negro? Africa is their country. They should claim it: they should go to Africa, civilize those Negroes, raise them morally, and by education show them how to obtain wealth which is in their own country, and take the grand continent as their own.Price's “Black Man's Burden” projected American blacks as agents of capitalism, civilization, and Christianity in Africa. Moreover, Price suggested that African American suffering under slavery, failed Reconstruction, and Jim Crow placed them in a unique position to combat imperialism. He was not alone in seeing parallels between the conditions of “Negroes” on both sides of the Atlantic. Many African Americans, Afro-Canadians, and West Indians saw imperialism in Africa as operating according to Jim Crow logic: white Europeans would subordinate and segregate Africans, while economically exploiting their labor to bring wealth to Europe.
Modern regularization methods for inverse problems
Authors: Benning Martin , Burger Martin 
Published: May 2018

Regularization methods are a key tool in the solution of inverse problems. They are used to introduce prior knowledge and allow a robust approximation of ill-posed (pseudo-) inverses. In the last two decades interest has shifted from linear to nonlinear regularization methods, even for linear inverse problems. The aim of this paper is to provide a reasonably comprehensive overview of this shift towards modern nonlinear regularization methods, including their analysis, applications and issues for future research.In particular we will discuss variational methods and techniques derived from them, since they have attracted much recent interest and link to other fields, such as image processing and compressed sensing. We further point to developments related to statistical inverse problems, multiscale decompositions and learning theory.
Microscopy Used to Discover New, Cool Mineral!
Authors: Carmichael Stephen W 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
It is relatively infrequent these days for a novel mineral to be discovered in the natural environment (in this context, this implies on the Earth). On the rare events of such a discovery, the new mineral is typically found in milligram quantities. In an article by Ronald Peterson, William Nelson, Bruce Madu, and Herbert Shervell, they describe the discovery of kilograms of a mineral that had only been synthesized previously, but never before detected in the natural environment. As if that were not impressive enough, they went looking for this mineral because they thought it had been observed on Mars!
Effective Cell Identification and Segmentation in Fluorescence Microscopy with New Fluorescent Whole Cell Stains
Authors: Hong Suk J , Ghosh Richik N 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
High-content screening (HCS) and other quantitative cellular imaging assay methods that use fluorescence microscopy require effective fluorescent labeling and identification of the target cell(s). Fluorescent probes that stain cells as the primary objects are used to identify and count individual cells, as well as to define the region(s) of each cell to which target-specific image analysis is applied. For this purpose, the primary object can be a major component of the cell, such as the nucleus or a large organelle, or the whole cell itself. When the whole cell is the primary object, a high-quality cell stain is needed to delineate the intact cell from bordering cells without also interfering in target-specific detection and analysis. Thermo Scientific Cellomics ® Whole Cell Stains (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Rockford, Ill.), available in blue, green, orange and red, provides image staining and the ability to quantify the whole cell volume in HCS and fluorescence microscopy assays.