bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intended rural career modalities of final‐year James Cook University medical students
Authors: Woolley Torres 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveGeographic mal‐distribution towards urban over rural medical practice exists worldwide. The James Cook University medical school has focused its selection and curriculum on selecting and training students to address medical workforce needs for local regional, rural and remote areas. This study investigates final‐year James Cook University medical students' intended rural practice modality and association with rurality of upbringing.Design, setting & participantsCross‐sectional survey of final‐year James Cook University medical students in 2018 (n = 147; response rate = 76%).Main outcome measureAssociation between students’ rurality of hometown at entry to medical school and self‐reported intentions for rural practice.ResultsOverall, final‐year students' preferred rural practice modality was “for a specific number of years” (38, 25%), followed by “periodic short‐term locum” (33, 23%), “permanently based” (26, 18%), “orbiting” (21, 14%), “none” (14, 10%), “long‐term shared position” (9, 6%) and “specialist outreach clinics” (6, 4%). Urban hometown at entry to medical school was associated with students preferring periodic rural practice, with rural‐origin students contrastingly preferring more permanent rural practice.ConclusionOnly 10% of James Cook University medical students did not want a rural career in any form, suggesting the majority, regardless of urban or rural hometown, are open to some type of rural practice. Urban‐origin medical students around Australia might be a significant, untapped resource for periodic and more permanent rural practice if they can be provided with extended, immersive rural placements experiences. Government funding models should provide increased funding for immersive rural placements, and promotion of orbiting and longer‐term job share practice modalities.
Imminent birth education for rural and remote settings: An evaluation study
Authors: Connell Jane , Kelly Jenny , Nagle Cate 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the development and evaluation of an educational resource that aimed to provide the non‐midwifery workforce in rural and remote health facilities with basic knowledge and skills to assist women who present when birth is imminent.DesignDescriptive methods using surveys were employed to evaluate the resource named the Imminent Birth Education Program.ParticipantsHealth professionals employed in Queensland Health rural and remote non‐birthing facilities.InterventionAn evidence‐based, blended educational program comprising an online component, a face‐to‐face workshop and an education package for midwives to facilitate the workshop in their health service.ResultsMore than 600 participants completed the online course component, and the majority of these participants were employed in non‐birthing facilities. Throughout the project, two project officers facilitated face‐to‐face workshops, training participants to facilitate the workshop in their own health services. The reach of the Imminent Birth Education Program was statewide with clinical staff from all 16 Hospital and Health Services participating.ConclusionThe uptake of the Imminent Birth Education Program has been widespread across the state and positively evaluated by the rural and remote non‐midwifery workforce in non‐birthing facilities. This evidence‐based program is an effective way to provide the knowledge, skills and confidence to assist health professionals to care for women who present to these facilities when birth is imminent.
Successful resection of cellular angiofibroma in the retroperitoneum by using laparoscopic approach
Authors: Tamura Taichi , Matsuda Takeru , Yamashita Kimihiro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kanaji Shingo , Oshikiri Taro , Nakamura Tetsu , Suzuki Satoshi , Fukumoto Takumi , Kakeji Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRetroperitoneal cellular angiofibroma (RCA) is very rare, and the optimal treatment for RCA has not been established. We report the case of RCA in a 58‐year‐old man who underwent curative laparoscopy‐assisted resection. Preoperative computed tomography showed heterogeneous enhancement of the 7 cm diameter tumor in the pelvis. A smaller (2.3 cm) mass was also detected in the small intestine. The preoperative diagnosis was peritoneal metastasis of the gastrointestinal tumor of the small intestine. The pelvic tumor was laparoscopically mobilized from the rectum, the left ureter, and the left internal iliac vessels. The tumor was excised by detachment from the urinary bladder in laparotomy. The pathological diagnosis was RCA. The tumor had not recurred by the 1‐year follow‐up. The laparoscopic approach thus might be useful for resection of RCA.
Supporting and challenging learners through pedagogical agents: Addressing ethical issues through designing for values
Authors: Richards Deborah , Dignum Virginia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPedagogical Agents (PAs) that would guide interactions in intelligent learning environments were envisioned two decades ago. These early animated characters had been shown to deliver learning benefits. However, little was understood regarding what aspects were beneficial for learning and what sort of learning PAs were suitable for. This article considers the current and future use of PAs to support and challenge learners from three perspectives. Firstly, we look at PAs from a practical perspective to consider what Intelligent Virtual Agents are, the roles they play in education and beyond and the underlying technologies and theories driving them. Next we take a pedagogical perspective to consider the vision, pedagogical approaches supported and new possible uses of PAs. This leads us to the political perspective to consider the values, ethics and societal impacts of PAs. Drawing all three perspectives together we present a design for values approach to designing ethical and socially responsible PAs.
A novel simultaneous clot‐fibrinolysis waveform analysis for assessing fibrin formation and clot lysis in haemorrhagic disorders
Authors: Nogami Keiji , Matsumoto Tomoko , Sasai Kana , Ogiwara Kenichi , Arai Nobuo , Shima Midori 
Published: July 2019

SummarySimultaneous evaluation of coagulation and fibrinolysis facilitates an overall understanding of normal and pathological haemostasis. We established an assay for assessing clot formation and fibrinolysis simultaneously using clot waveform analysis by the trigger of a mixture of activated partial thromboplastin time reagent and an optimized concentration of tissue‐type plasminogen activator (0·63 μg/ml) to examine the temporal reactions in a short monitoring time (<500 s). The interplay between clot formation and fibrinolysis was confirmed by analysing the effects of argatroban, tranexamic acid and thrombomodulin. Fibrinogen levels positively correlated with coagulation and fibrinolytic potential and initial fibrin clot formation was independent of plasminogen concentration. Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1‐deficient (‐def) and α2‐antiplasmin‐def plasmas demonstrated different characteristic hyper‐fibrinolytic patterns. For the specificity of individual clotting factor‐def plasmas, factor (F)VIII‐def and FIX‐def plasmas in particular demonstrated shortened fibrinolysis lag‐times (FLT) and enhanced endogenous fibrinolysis potential in addition to decreased maximum coagulation velocity, possibly reflecting the fragile formation of fibrin clots. Tranexamic acid depressed fibrinolysis to a similar extent in FVIII‐def and FIX‐def plasmas. We concluded that the clot‐fibrinolysis waveform analysis technique could sensitively monitor both sides of fibrin clot formation and fibrinolysis, and could provide an easy‐to‐use assay to help clarify the underlying pathogenesis of bleeding disorders in routine clinical practice.
Feasibility and acceptability of a home‐based intervention to promote nurturing interactions and healthy behaviours in early childhood: The Amagugu Asakhula pilot study
Authors: Draper Catherine E. , Howard Steven J. , Rochat Tamsen J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a home‐based intervention—Amagugu Asakhula—to promote nurturing interactions and healthy behaviours with the caregivers of preschool children. Amagugu Asakhula means “treasures that are still growing” and focuses on children's cognitive development, physical activity, screen time, diet and sleep while also promoting the caregiver–child relationship.MethodsThis study took place in a low‐income setting in Cape Town, South Africa. The 6‐week intervention was implemented by community health workers (CHWs) with 20 caregivers of preschool children. CHWs provided written feedback on intervention sessions, and two focus groups were conducted, one with the CHWs involved (n = 4) and another with caregivers (n = 6), to obtain their feedback on the intervention and its implementation. Data were collated according to themes relating to implementation. In this pilot study, training and recruitment proved feasible and were facilitated by partnership with a community‐based organization.ResultsThe intervention was generally implemented as intended, in terms of dose and delivery. Family support and active engagement of caregivers' preschool children in intervention activities were reported by CHWs and caregivers, and CHWs also reported mostly positive interactions with caregivers. CHWs and caregivers perceived the intervention to have benefits relating to the following: caregivers' awareness and knowledge of health behaviours, awareness of their role, changes in behaviours, and connection between the caregiver and child. The only change to the intervention suggested was the inclusion of some group sessions to promote support amongst intervention participants and sustain engagement in the intervention.ConclusionsThe findings of this pilot study indicate that Amagugu Asakhula was both feasible and acceptable with caregivers of preschool children in a low‐income urban setting. Further research is needed to assess the extent to which this intervention has an objective and measurable effect on intended outcomes.
Patterns of practice: An exploratory factor analysis of child and family social worker skills
Authors: Forrester Donald , Killian Mike , Westlake David , Sheehan Lucy 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere is relatively little research on the communication skills that social workers use in direct practice with families. This study explores patterns of practice skill found in child and family social work home visits. The study analysed 127 practice interactions in family homes, coding for seven dimensions of worker skill using a coding framework drawn from motivational interviewing. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to establish patterns of skill within the data and to group key dimensions of skill. The findings make two contributions. First, three fundamental dimensions of good practice emerged, which we characterize as care and engagement, good authority, and support for behaviour change. Second, in exploring the relationship between “care” and “control” elements of social work, skilled social workers were able to combine good authority and empathic engagement, whereas those who were less skilled in use of authority were also less good at engagement. This contributes to debates about care and control in social work. The usefulness of these dimensions for conceptualizing practice in child and family social work is discussed and directions for further research are suggested.
Serum deprivation response functions as a tumor suppressor gene in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Wang Qing‐Xuan , Chen En‐Dong , Cai Ye‐Feng , Zhou Yi‐Li , Dong Si‐Yang , Zhang Xiao‐Hua , Wang Ou‐Chen , Li Quan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe mechanism of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has shown numerous recurrently mutated genes, but the discovery of abnormal expression of novel tumor suppressor genes has been slow. The aim of our study is to explore the biological functions of SDPR in thyroid cancer. We reanalyzed the RNA‐Seq data of PTC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and found that serum deprivation response (SDPR) was significantly downregulated in PTC. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was performed to assess the expression of SDPR. Both loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments, and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the functions. SDPR was significantly downregulated in PTC. Reduced expression of SDPR was associated with larger tumor size, more serious lymph node metastasis, and advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. Patients with lower SDPR expression had a shorter recurrence‐free survival. SDPR expression and AJCC stage were independent predictors of poor recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Moreover, cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration were inhibited after SDPR overexpression, whereas knockdown of SDPR exerted an oncogenic effect. SDPR induction also initiated the mesenchymal‐epithelial transition, alongside suppressing AKT signaling and cyclin family expression. Apart from DNA methylation, LOC105373813, may also co‐regulate SDPR expression by forming a stable hybrid with SDPR messenger RNA. Our study indicated that SDPR may function as a potential prognostic marker in PTC.
Hard tissue changes after guided bone regeneration of peri‐implant defects comparing block versus particulate bone substitutes: 6‐month results of a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Benic Goran I. , Eisner Barbara M. , Jung Ronald E. , Basler Tobias , Schneider David , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo test whether block bone substitute used for guided bone regeneration (GBR) of peri‐implant defects leads to different thickness of the augmented hard tissue than particulate bone substitute.Material and methodsIn 24 patients, 24 two‐piece dental implants were placed >4 months after tooth extraction. Following random allocation, 12 peri‐implant bone dehiscences were grafted with an individually shaped block of deproteinized bovine‐derived bone mineral (DBBM) and 12 bone dehiscences with particulate DBBM. All the sites were covered with a collagen membrane stabilized with resorbable pins. Immediately after wound closure and after 6 months, the horizontal thickness (HT) of the augmented hard tissue was measured at the level of implant shoulder using cone beam‐computed tomography.ResultsAfter wound closure, the median HT measured 3.35 mm (mean: 3.38) in the block group and 2.85 mm (mean: 2.73) in the particulate group. At 6 months, the median HT decreased to 2.90 mm (mean: 2.71) in the block group and to 0.2 mm (mean: 0.52) in the particulate group. This difference was statistically significant (p < .001).ConclusionsBlock bone substitute used for GBR of peri‐implant defects was superior to particulate bone substitute regarding the dimension of the augmented hard tissue after 6 months of healing.
Research progress on adenosine in central nervous system diseases
Authors: Liu Ying‐Jiao , Chen Jiao , Li Xun , Zhou Xin , Hu Yao‐Mei , Chu Shi‐Feng , Peng Ye , Chen Nai‐Hong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs an endogenous neuroprotectant agent, adenosine is extensively distributed and is particularly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS). Under physiological conditions, the concentration of adenosine is low intra‐ and extracellularly, but increases significantly in response to stress. The majority of adenosine functions are receptor‐mediated, and primarily include the A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R). Adenosine is currently widely used in the treatment of diseases of the CNS and the cardiovascular systems, and the mechanisms are related to the disease types, disease locations, and the adenosine receptors distribution in the CNS. For example, the main infarction sites of cerebral ischemia are cortex and striatum, which have high levels of A1 and A2A receptors. Cerebral ischemia is manifested with A1R decrease and A2AR increase, as well as reduction in the A1R‐mediated inhibitory processes and enhancement of the A2AR‐mediated excitatory process. Adenosine receptor dysfunction is also involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression, and epilepsy. Thus, the adenosine receptor balance theory is important for brain disease treatment. The concentration of adenosine can be increased by endogenous or exogenous pathways due to its short half‐life and high inactivation properties. Therefore, we will discuss the function of adenosine and its receptors, adenosine formation, and metabolism, and its role for the treatment of CNS diseases (such as cerebral ischemia, AD, depression, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and sleep disorders). This article will provide a scientific basis for the development of novel adenosine derivatives through adenosine structure modification, which will lead to experimental applications.
A Bayesian hierarchical approach to quantifying stakeholder attitudes toward conservation in the presence of reporting error
Authors: Vasudev Divya , Goswami Varun R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStakeholder support is vital for achieving conservation success, yet there are few reliable mechanisms to monitor stakeholder attitudes toward conservation. Approaches used to assess attitudes rarely account for bias arising from reporting error, which can lead to falsely reporting a positive attitude toward conservation (false‐positive error) or not reporting a positive attitude when the respondent has a positive attitude toward conservation (false‐negative error). Borrowing from developments in applied conservation science, we used a Bayesian hierarchical model to quantify stakeholder attitudes as the probability of having a positive attitude toward wildlife notionally (or in abstract terms) and at localized scales while accounting for reporting error. We compared estimates from our model, Likert scores, and naïve estimates (i.e., proportion of respondents reporting a positive attitude in at least 1 question that was only susceptible to false‐negative error) with true stakeholder attitudes through simulations. We then applied the model in a survey of tea estate staff on their attitudes toward Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in the Kaziranga–Karbi Anglong landscape of northeast India. In simulations, Bayesian model estimates of stakeholder attitudes toward wildlife were less biased than naïve estimates or Likert scores. After accounting for reporting errors, we estimated the probability of having a positive attitude toward elephants notionally as 0.85 in the Kaziranga landscape, whereas the proportion of respondents who had positive attitudes toward elephants at a localized scale was 0.50. In comparison, without accounting for reporting errors, naïve estimates of proportions of respondents with positive attitudes toward elephants were 0.69 and 0.23 notionally and at local scales, respectively. False (positive and negative) reporting probabilities were consistently not 0 (0.22–0.68). Regular and reliable assessment of stakeholder attitudes–combined with inference on drivers of positive attitudes–can help assess the success of initiatives aimed at facilitating human behavioral change and inform conservation decision making.
Campesino hunting and conservation in Latin America
Authors: Petriello Michael A. , Stronza Amanda L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHunting presents a paradox for biodiversity conservation. It is both a problem and a solution to species declines and poverty. Yet, conservation scientists hold different assumptions about the significance and sustainability of hunting based on the cultures and identities of hunters. In Latin America, conservationists largely sort hunters as either indigenous orcampesino. Indigenous hunters are often characterized as culturally driven stewards of wildlife sustainability. Campesino hunters, by contrast, are described as peasants—cultureless, uneducated, and uncaring toward wildlife sustainability. Although such ethnically fueled hunting discourse promotes hunting research, campesino hunters remain underrepresented in most comparative hunting reviews. Moreover, there are no targeted syntheses on the current state of knowledge about campesino hunting, nothing to guide conservation research and practice with and for the largest group of hunters in Latin America. We reviewed 334 articles published from 1937 to 2018 in English (55%) and Spanish (45%)—mostly published in 145 peer‐reviewed journals—on the meanings, motivations, and sustainability of campesino hunting in Latin America. Although studies spanned 17 countries, 7 ecosystems, and >75 indigenous and nonindigenous demographics in 30 research contexts, they predominantly focused on nonindigenous campesinos for species‐specific conservation and protected area management in tropical broadleaf forests of Mexico, Peru, and Colombia. Authors used 12 methods to collect campesino hunting data, primarily interviews, surveys, and questionnaires, and drew from 10 local and traditional knowledge themes about wildlife trends and uses. Eighteen drivers, 14 constraints, and 10 conflicts—mainly subsistence, income, ethics, regulations, and crop or livestock protection—shaped whether campesino hunters pursued 799 species, 70% of which were least concern species. Yet, only 25 studies (8%) empirically assessed sustainability. Our results show the need for increased interdisciplinary and geographic engagement with campesino hunting across Latin America.
Intolerance to early oral feeding in enhanced recovery after colorectal surgery: an early red flag?
Authors: Slim K. , Reymond T. , Joris J. , Paul S. , Pereira B. , Cotte E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimEnhanced recovery programmes (ERPs) involve early postoperative oral feeding. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that intolerance to early feeding was associated with a complicated postoperative course.MethodA retrospective cohort analysis of the prospective multicentre database developed by the Francophone Group for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (GRACE) was undertaken. Seventy‐one centres in Belgium, France and Switzerland participated in the study. All patients were encouraged to eat within 24 h after surgery. Patients were separated into two groups according to whether early feeding was well tolerated (WT) or poorly tolerated (PT). The primary outcome measure was overall postoperative complications. Secondary outcome measures were unplanned reoperation, early mobilization rate and duration of postoperative hospital stay.ResultsAmong the cohort of 3034 patients, early feeding was WT in 2614 patients (WT group) and PT in 420 patients (PT group). There were significantly more postoperative complications in the PT group than in the WT group (52.1% vs 17.0%, respectively; P = 0.001), namely more unplanned reoperations, less early mobilization and longer postoperative hospital stay. Multivariate analyses confirmed that PT early feeding was the main and dominant independent factor for postoperative complications [OR 4.47 (95% CI3.49–5.72); P < 0.001], more unplanned reoperations and longer hospital stay.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a close relationship between intolerance to early feeding and a complicated postoperative course. Whenever this simple very early red flag is observed, discharge should not be planned until postoperative complications have been ruled out.