bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Social Structure of Transnational Criminal Justice: A Cluster of Spaces beyond National Borders
Authors: Christensen Mikkel Jarle 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article analyses elements of the social structure of transnational criminal justice. The main goal of the analysis is to investigate if the terminology crafted around transnational criminal law as a distinct legal system corresponds to the social structuration of this space as it can be observed in the justice practices that drive it. To enable such an analysis, the article contributes both a theoretical discussion of how best to conceptualise the social spaces of transnational criminal justice as well as, more cautiously, an empirical investigation into the workings of these spaces, focusing the fight against drugs, terrorism, corruption and ecological crimes. Building conceptually on Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory, the analytical focal point of the article is the practices of transnational criminal justice and the professionals who are active in this space. This raises crucial questions of how the social practices of transnational criminal justice structures usages and developments of the law. Based on the identification and analysis of four separate but interrelated spaces of practice, the article argues that our theoretical understanding of transnational criminal justice and law needs to be recalibrated to take into account the different ways in which it is mobilised to create either security or good governance.
Ischemic Stroke After Emergency Department Discharge for Symptoms of Transient Neurological Attack
Authors: Parikh Neal S. , Merkler Alexander E. , Kummer Benjamin R. , Kamel Hooman 
Published: February 2018

Background and Purpose: The significance of transient neurological attack (TNA) symptoms is unclear. We sought to determine the risk of ischemic stroke after discharge from the emergency department (ED) with a diagnosis consistent with symptoms of TNA. Methods: Using administrative claims data, we identified patients discharged from EDs in New York between 2006 and 2012 with a primary discharge diagnosis of a TNA symptom, defined as altered mental status, generalized weakness, and sensory changes. The primary outcome was ischemic stroke. We used Kaplan-Meier survival statistics to calculate cumulative rates, and Cox regression to compare stroke risk after TNA versus after transient ischemic attack (TIA; positive control) or renal colic (negative control) while adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors. Results: Of 499 369 patients diagnosed with a TNA symptom and discharged from the ED, 7756 were hospitalized for ischemic stroke over a period of 4.7 (±1.9) years. At 90 days, the cumulative stroke rate was 0.29% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28%-0.31%) after TNA symptoms versus 2.08% (95% CI: 1.89%-2.28%) after TIA and 0.03% (95% CI: 0.02%-0.04%) after renal colic. The hazard ratio (HR) of stroke was higher after TNA than after renal colic (HR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.90-2.40) but significantly lower than after TIA (HR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.44-0.50). Compared to TIA, TNA was less strongly associated with stroke among patients under 60 years of age compared to those over 60. Conclusions: Patients discharged from the ED with TNA symptoms faced a higher risk of ischemic stroke than patients with renal colic, but the magnitude of stroke risk was low, particularly compared to TIA.
Combined caesarean section and open reduction internal fixation for the treatment of an acetabular fracture in late pregnancy
Authors: Charnell Aimee Marie , Ferriman Emma , Dimitriou Rozalia , Panteli Michalis , Giannoudis Peter V 
Published: February 2018

Lesson In this case, we opted for dual surgery combining caesarean section and internal fixation of acetabular fracture in late pregnancy, which allowed safe foetal delivery, fracture repair and early ambulation of the mother. In similar cases, this method could be potentially considered in the armamentarium of treatment options, aiming to facilitating prompt motherhood input and early hospital discharge, as well as minimising the risk of post-traumatic arthritis of the hip.
Analysis of Second-Order Pattern of Proton NMR Spectrum of 1,3-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzene
Authors: Yamaji Toshiki , Saito Takeshi 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The analysis of a second-order pattern on a proton NMR spectrum is proposed using a multi field NMR measurement, a spectral simulation, a DFT calculation and a solvent effect study. The ordinary 9.4 T proton NMR measurement of 1,3-dichloro-2-nitrobenzene in organic solvents gave the AB2 spectrum showing the second-order pattern. The higher field, 14.1 T proton NMR measurement gave the spectrum close to the AX2 showing the first-order pattern with a little roofing. Then the peak assignments were confirmed by the spectral simulation using the NMR parameters obtained from each experimental spectra. Finally, the NMR parameters are discussed from the results of the DFT calculation and the solvent effect study.
Solid-State Thin-Film Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Co-Sensitized with Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite
Authors: Pinpithak Peerathat , Kulkarni Ashish , Chen Hsin-Wei , Ikegami Masashi , Miyasaka Tsutomu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHerein, for the first time, a concept of co-sensitization of the D149 dye with methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) perovskite is presented in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ss-DSSCs). A thin film was fabricated by employing ~500 nm TiO2 mesoporous layer sensitized with metal-free organic dye D149 and MAPbBr3 as a co-sensitizer which absorb long wavelength (green) and short wavelength (blue) light, respectively. With panchromatic spectral sensitivity up to ~680 nm, the co-sensitized device yielded power conversion efficiency up to 3.1% by means of tuning the loading amounts of perovskite with respect to dye. We found that small amounts of MAPbBr3 can mitigate dye aggregation and can improve the light harvesting property of the device sensitized with a D149 dye. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) analysis of dye/perovskite co-sensitized device showed efficient charge transfer between dye (embedded with perovskite crystal) and TiO2. This study opens up the possibilities of use of lead bromide perovskite as co-sensitizer in ss-DSSCs.
Self-Organization of Semifluorinated Alkanes and Related Compounds at Interfaces: Thin Films, Surface Domains and Two-Dimensional Spherulites
Authors: Liu Xianhe , Riess Jean G , Krafft Marie Pierre 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
After a brief reminder of the specific properties of fluorocarbons, fluorinated chains and molecular fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon diblocks (semifluorinated alkanes, CnF2n+1CmH2m+1, FnHm) that account for their exceptional aptitude for self-organization, we review recent advances on the self-assembled surface nanodomains that FnHm diblocks form on water and solid surfaces, their shape and size characteristics, and their hierarchical organization into structures of higher complexity. Remarkably indeed, FnHm diblocks, when spread as Langmuir monolayers on water, self-assemble into circular mesoscopic nanodomains that exist even in the absence of lateral pressure, and self-organize into regular hexagonal arrays upon compression. These surface domains can be transferred essentially unchanged onto solid surfaces. They can also be obtained by direct casting or spin coating of solutions of diblocks on solids, or by spontaneous formation on liquid crystals. The nanodomains retain their size, shape and organization upon compression and, amazingly, even beyond the collapse of their Langmuir monolayers. The domain-patterned films display uncommon rheology, with predominantly elastic monolayers, and two-dimensional gels were generated, including at zero surface pressure. The formation and behavior of surface domains from related tri- and tetrablocks have also been reported. A tetrablock afforded the first example of pressure-driven stacking of self-assembled nano-objects. The domain-patterned films constitute attractive templates for organizing nanoparticles in components of electronic devices and sensors, and for fabricating ordered mesoporous solids. Most recently, a novel aggregation mode was found for FnHm diblocks, namely their crystallization into micron-size polycrystalline two-dimensional radial and/or ring-banded spherulites. Applications in medicine and materials science are being investigated.
Evaluation of defense strategy against Influenza A in cell line models
Authors: Antonova Ekaterina , Glazova Olga , Gaponova Anna , Eremyan Aykaz , Grebenkina Natalya , Zvereva Svetlana , Volkova Natalya , Volchkov Pavel 
Published: February 2018

Background:Influenza virus can cause both seasonal infections and unpredictable pandemics. Rapidly evolving avian H5N1 virus is getting increasingly infective for humans. Since avian Influenza can be transmitted by domestic birds, serving as a key link between wild aquatic birds and humans, an effective measure to control the influenza transmission would be eradication of the infection in poultry. It is known that the virus penetrates into the cell through binding with the terminal oligosaccharides - sialic acids (SA) - on the cell surfaces. Removal of SA might be a potential antiviral strategy. An approach to developing chicken lines that are resistant to influenza viruses could be the creation of genetically modified birds. Thus it is necessary to select a gene that provides defense to influenza. Here we have expressed in cells a range of exogenous sialidases and estimated their activity and specificity towards SA residues.Methods:Several bacterial, viral and human sialidases were tested. We adopted bacterial sialidases fromSalmonellaandActinomycesfor expression on the cell surface by fusing catalytic domains with transmembrane domains. We also selected Influenza A/PuertoRico/8/34/H1N1 neuraminidase and human membrane sialidase (hNeu3) genes. Lectin binding assay was used for estimation of a α (2,3)-sialylation level by fluorescent microscopy and FACS. Results:We compared sialidases from bacteria, Influenza virus and human. Sialidases fromSalmonellaand Influenza A neuraminidase effectively cleaved α (2-3)-SA receptors. Viral neuraminidase demonstrated a higher activity. Sialidases fromActinomycesandhNeu3did not show any activity against α (2-3) SA under physiological conditions.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that sialidases with different specificity and activity can be selected as genes providing antiviral defence. Combining chosen sialidases with different activity together with tissue-specific promoters would provide an optimal level of desialilation to prevent infection. Tissue specific expression of the sialidases could protect domestic birds from infection.
The relationship of cigarette smoking in Japan to lung cancer, COPD, ischemic heart disease and stroke: A systematic review
Authors: Lee Peter N. , Forey Barbara A. , Thornton Alison J. , Coombs Katharine J. 
Published: February 2018

Background: To present up-to-date meta-analyses of evidence from Japan relating smoking to major smoking-related diseases. Methods: We restricted attention to lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, considering relative risks (RRs) for current and ex-smokers relative to never smokers. Evidence by amount smoked and time quit was also considered. For IHD and stroke only, studies had to provide age-adjusted RRs, with age-specific results considered. For each disease we extended earlier published databases to include more recent studies. Meta-analyses were conducted, with random-effects RRs and tests of heterogeneity presented. Results: Of 40 studies, 26 reported results for lung cancer and 7 to 9 for each other disease. For current smoking, RRs (95%CIs) were lung cancer 3.59 (3.25-3.96), COPD 3.57 (2.72-4.70), IHD 2.21 (1.96-2.50) and stroke 1.40 (1.25-1.57). Ex-smoking RRs were lower. Data for lung cancer and IHD showed a clear tendency for RRs to rise with increasing amount smoked and decrease with increasing time quit. Dose-response data were unavailable for COPD and unclear for stroke, where the association was weaker. Conclusions: Compared to studies in other Asian and Western countries, current smoking RRs were quite similar for IHD and stroke. The comparison is not clear for COPD, where the Japanese data, mainly from cross-sectional studies, is limited. For lung cancer, the RRs are similar to those in other Asian countries, but substantially lower than in Western countries. Explanations for this are unclear, but less accurate reporting of smoking by Japanese may contribute to the difference.
Pathway to care for drug resistant tuberculosis cases identified during a retrospective study conducted in high TB burden wards in Mumbai
Authors: Lobo Eunice , Shah Shimoni , Rangan Sheela , Dholakia Yatin , Mistry Nerges 
Published: February 2018

Background: Mumbai is witnessing a rising incidence of all forms of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Methods: A population-based, retrospective study was conducted between April and July 2014, in 15 high TB burden wards in Mumbai, to capture the patient pathways to TB care. A total of 23 DR-TB patients were identified and their pathways to access DR-TB care were recorded using semi-structured interviews. Results: The total DR-TB pathway time of new patients (who did not report any past episode of TB) (180 days; IQR 123,346) was found to be more than twice that of retreatment patients (who reported a past episode of TB) (69 days; IQR 42,128). Conclusions: The unacceptable delay for diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB in Mumbai advocates for consistent implementation of early screening of patients using rapid gene-based technologies.
The effectiveness and safety of antifibrinolytics in patients with acute intracranial haemorrhage: statistical analysis plan for an individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Ker Katharine , Prieto-Merino David , Sprigg Nikola , Mahmood Abda , Bath Philip , Kang Law Zhe , Flaherty Katie , Roberts Ian 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: The Antifibrinolytic Trialists Collaboration aims to increase knowledge about the effectiveness and safety of antifibrinolytic treatment by conducting individual patient data (IPD) meta-analyses of randomised trials. This article presents the statistical analysis plan for an IPD meta-analysis of the effects of antifibrinolytics for acute intracranial haemorrhage. Methods: The protocol for the IPD meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016052155). We will conduct an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with 1000 patients or more assessing the effects of antifibrinolytics in acute intracranial haemorrhage. We will assess the effect on two co-primary outcomes: 1) Death in hospital within 30 days of randomisation, and 2) Death or dependency at final follow-up within 90 days of randomisation. The co-primary outcomes will be limited to patients treated within three hours of injury or stroke onset. We will report treatment effects using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. We use logistic regression models to examine how the effect of antifibrinolytics vary by time to treatment, severity of intracranial bleeding, and age. We will also examine the effect of antifibrinolytics on secondary outcomes including death, dependency, vascular occlusive events, seizures, and neurological outcomes. Secondary outcomes will be assessed in all patients irrespective of time of treatment. All analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. Conclusions: This IPD meta-analysis will examine important clinical questions about the effects of antifibrinolytic treatment in patients with intracranial haemorrhage that cannot be answered using aggregate data. With IPD we can examine how effects vary by time to treatment, bleeding severity, and age, to gain better understanding of the balance of benefit and harms on which to base recommendations for practice.
МОТИВАЦИЯ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЯ ВУЗА К ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЮ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В УЧЕБНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ
Authors: Romanova Lyubov Leonidovna 
Published: February 2018

В статье описываются проблемы развития дистанционного обучения в вузе, с которыми сталкивается администрация и профессорско-преподавательский состав образовательной организации. К проблемам, в частности относится проблема мотивации ППС вуза к созданию и применению электронных образовательных технологий. На примере ФГБОУ ВО Амурский государственный университет описаны меры, направленные на развитие дистанционной формы обучения в вузе. Автором проведен анализ психологической литературы по вопросам мотивации, как в целом, так и мотивации преподавателей вуза к применению дистанционного обучения. На основании модели, предложенной Н.В. Немовой, автором выделены ведущие мотивы преподавателей вуза: мотив реализация себя в профессиональной деятельности как творче­ской личности, мотив личного развития, приобретения новой информации, мотив самоутверждения, достижения социального успеха, потребность быть в коллективе, мотив стабильности, защищенности, мотив состязательности.На основе анализа научной литературы предложены способы стимулирования мотивов, такие как: стимулирование высокого уровня самостоятельности преподавателя, отражающийся в возможности работать по интересующей программе; обеспечение преподавателям возможности прохождения повышения квалификации по организации дистанционных (электронных) образовательных технологий; предоставление возможности распространения опыта работы через проблемные конференции, педагогические чтения, семинары; вхождение в состав различных органов, занимающихся развитием дистанционного обучения в вузе; предоставление оплачиваемых часов на методическую работу; методическое сопровождение различных конкурсов в сфере реализации электронного обучения в вузе.Исследование отношения и мотивации деятельности преподавателей к применению дистанционного обучения в вузе необходимо для определения средств стимулирования их деятельности, которая способствует достижению наиболее качественного результата.
Predicting and preventing alcohol relapse in alcohol-related liver disease
Authors: Ranasinghe Iyoni , Sin Jacqueline , Norman Ian , Lau-Walker Margaret 
Published: February 2018

Background: despite a 450% increase in UK alcohol-related liver disease mortality over the past 30 years, little evidence-based guidance exists regarding preventing recidivism post-liver transplant for alcohol-related liver disease. Method: a systematic literature review was conducted to identify demographic variables predictive of alcohol relapse and effective psychosocial interventions for alcohol-related liver disease patients post-liver transplant. Results: variables most significantly predictive of alcohol relapse post-transplant were—less than 12 months pre-liver transplant abstinence; patients with children; poor pre-liver transplant psychosomatic evaluation; non-compliance with post-liver transplant treatment plan; and patients with active insurance policies. Structured management was the most effective psychosocial intervention in preventing alcohol relapse. Conclusion: findings should be interpreted cautiously, due to limited and poor-quality evidence. Rigorously designed further research of the psychosocial interventions targeting predictive demographic variables is recommended.
Factors that influence nurses' assessment of patient acuity and response to acute deterioration
Authors: Dalton Mark , Harrison John , Malin Anitra , Leavey Conan 
Published: February 2018

Background: nurses play a crucial role in the early recognition and management of the deteriorating patient. They are responsible for the care they provide to their patients, part of which is the monitoring of vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate and temperature), which are fundamental in the surveillance of deterioration. The aim of this study was to discover what factors influence how nurses assess patient acuity and their response to acute deterioration. Methods: a generic qualitative approach was used. Some 10 nurses working in an acute NHS trust were interviewed using a semi- structured approach, with equal representation from medical and surgical inpatient wards. Results: the main themes identified were collegial relationships, intuition, and interpretation of the MEWS system (Modified Early Warning Score). Collegial relationships with the medical staff had some influence on the nurses' assessment, as they tended to accept the medical peers' assessment as absolute, rather than their own assessment. It was also highlighted that nurses relied on the numerical escalation of the MEWS system to identify the deteriorating patient, instead of their own clinical judgement of the situation. Interestingly, the nurses found no difficulty in escalating the patient's care to medical staff when the patient presented with a high MEWS score. The difficulty arose when the MEWS score was low—the participants found it challenging to authenticate their findings. Conclusion: this study has identified several confounding factors that influence the ways in which nurses assess patient acuity and their response to acute deterioration. The information provides a crucial step forward in identifying strategies to develop further training.
The Ideological Study of Judicials From The Formal Centralistis to The Legal Pluralism (Analysis of the Meaning of Judge on Article 5 paragraph (1) of Law Number 48 Year 2009 on Judicial Power)
Authors: Yulianti Rina , Ikhwan Mufarrijul 
Published: February 2018

Article 5 (1) of Law Number 48 Year 2009 concerning Judicial Power becomes ineffective if acentralistic ideology still working in view of the judge. The type of study used in this researchwas a non-doctrinal legal studies (sociolegal research). Research conducted in the DistrictCourt and Religious Court in Madura based on the judges perception by meaning of article 5paragraph (1) law 48/2009 and justices consideration to verdict making process. The resultsshowing the judges majority interpret the Article 5, paragraph 1 Law 28/2009 to legaldiscovery (rechtsvinding) as an efforts if a legal vacuum, otherwise the judges did notinterpret used living law when there are legal gaps. Thus showing domination of the state lawover the law that lives in society. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i2.4190
Effort of Medan Mayor in Realizing Clean Government (Study About the Practice of Administration in Medan City To Prevent and Acts Criminal Actors of Corruption)
Authors: Sibarani Sabungan 
Published: February 2018

The efforts of Mayor of Medan in creating a clean government in Medan City Government isto promote the rules and policies that have made the central government and implementedby the city government of Medan conditions include (a) the fact Integrity, (b) e-purchasing,(c) e-government, (d) reward (reward) and punishment (punishment), (e) unqualified (WTP)and the Procurement Services Unit (ULP). The role of the Mayor of Medan to prevent andtake action against perpetrators of corruption in the city government of Medan are (a) facingthe principle of transparency in carrying out the functions and duties of office to preventcorrupt practices, (b) make an early warning program of prevention of corruption, (c) andnine steps to eradicate corruption. That support wider community both from the communityorganizations, businesses, and students are needed. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i2.4952