bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐scale geographical distribution and ecological risk factors for Crohn's disease in France (2007‐2014)
Authors: Genin Michaël , Fumery Mathurin , Occelli Florent , Savoye Guillaume , Pariente Benjamin , Dauchet Luc , Giovannelli Jonathan , Vignal Cécile , Body‐Malapel Mathilde , Sarter Hélène , Gower‐Rousseau Corinne , Ficheur Grégoire 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundGeographical variations in Crohn's disease (CD) suggest that the environment has a role in the pathogenesis of this condition.AimsTo describe the spatial distribution and the clustering of CD cases in France, and to assess the relationship between the prevalence of CD and environmental risk factors.MethodsWe identified all patients with CD included in the French hospital discharge database from 2007 to 2014. Age‐ and gender‐smoothed standardised prevalence ratios over this period were computed for 5610 spatial units. An ecological regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the risk of CD and ecological variables (health care, latitude, socio‐economic deprivation, urbanisation, proportion of agricultural surfaces and density of industries). Local spatial clusters of high‐CD prevalence were searched for using elliptic spatial scan statistics and characterised in a hierarchical ascendant classification based on the same ecological variables.ResultsAbout 129 089 patients with CD were identified, yielding a crude prevalence of 203 per 100 000 inhabitants. The overall spatial heterogeneity was statistically significant (P < .001). An elevated risk of CD was found to be significantly associated with high‐social deprivation (relative risk [95% confidence interval] = 1.05 [1.02‐1.08]) and high urbanisation (1.09 [1.04‐1.14]). Sixteen significant spatial clusters of high‐CD prevalence were identified; there were no common ecological variables.ConclusionsThe geographical distribution of CD prevalence in France is not uniform, and is associated with high levels of social deprivation and urbanisation. Larger ecological databases integrating more detailed environmental and clinical information are needed.
Examining Governance in Hospital Operations: The Effects of Trust and Physician Employment in Achieving Efficiency and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Dobrzykowski David D. , McFadden Kathleen L. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTGovernance can be challenging in healthcare operations, particularity when attending physicians lack financial relationships with the hospital. In the absence of formal incentive system mechanisms, it may be possible to use informal relational governance to synchronize activities. We use Relational Resource Based View and Agency theory to conceptualize trust (an informal governance mechanism) and physician employment (a formal governance mechanism) as moderators of key operational phenomena in hospitals. Specifically, we test the moderated effects of trust and physician employment on the relationships among lean strategy, process integration, operational efficiency, and patient satisfaction. Analysis of 583 data points from 302 acute care U.S. hospitals reveals that lean strategy impacts process integration, and process integration impacts operational efficiency and patient satisfaction. Trust enhances the positive relationship between lean strategy and process integration such that the relationship is stronger when physicians are employed by the hospital and weaker when physicians are not employed by the hospital. A post hoc analysis reveals that physician employment also influences how process integration affects patient satisfaction. Our results explain the key roles of trust, physician employment, and integration in linking strategy and outcomes. Practitioner interviews validate and help to tease out the implications of our findings. This study contributes important insights for researchers, executives, and policy makers interested in governance and improvements in healthcare delivery.
Tentative evidence for inequity aversion to unequal work‐effort but not to unequal reward distribution in Goffin's cockatoos
Authors: Laumer Isabelle B. , Massen Jorg J.M. , Wakonig Birgit , Lorck‐Tympner Melina , Carminito Chelsea , Auersperg Alice M.I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOne hallmark in the evolution of cooperation is the ability to evaluate one's own payoff for a task against that of another person. To trace its evolutionary history, there has recently been a surge in comparative studies across different species. In non‐human animals, evidence of inequity aversion has so far been identified in several primate species, dogs, and rats. Research in birds revealed mixed findings so far: among corvids, crows and ravens did react sensitively to unequal payoffs and work‐effort, while New Caledonian crows did not. Among psittacids, kea were studied so far: Yet, despite the fact that they live in large, hierarchically organized social groups that show complex interactions, they did not show a significant reaction to inequitable payoffs. Here we tested for the first time a Cacatua, the Goffin's cockatoo, using a standardized token exchange paradigm in which first the partner and then the subject could exchange a token for a food reward. Our results show that subjects did not react to unequal reward distributions. However, in comparison to the Equity Condition, the likelihood to exchange was lower in the condition in which the partner received the same reward as a gift (without having to work for it) whereas the subject had to perform a task involving substantial work‐effort, suggesting that the Goffin's cockatoos do react aversively to work‐effort inequity. In a follow‐up experiment, subjects never received a reward but observed a conspecific receive a high‐quality reward depending on condition. We found again no evidence for an aversion for the unequal reward distribution, but only that, independent of condition, subjects quickly lost their motivation to participate due to not receiving a reward. In summary, Goffins showed some sensitivity to increased unequal work‐effort, but did not react to unequal reward distribution.
Long‐term within‐basin isolation patterns, different conservation units, and interspecific mitochondrial DNA introgression in an amphipod endemic to the ancient Lake Skadar system, Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Jabłońska Aleksandra , Wrzesińska Weronika , Zawal Andrzej , Pešić Vladimir , Grabowski Michał 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Investigation of biodiversity, including genetic diversity within species, is crucial for rational planning of nature conservation and species protection. Endemics or narrow‐ranged taxa, sensitive to alteration of physical and chemical conditions, may serve as local bioindicators.

Homoeogammarus scutarensis is an endemic, cold‐adapted amphipod crustacean, inhabiting fragmented spring habitats, within a relatively small area of the Lake Skadar basin. The basin is recently under heavy anthropogenic influence leading to habitat deterioration.

Genetic diversity within H. scutarensis was investigated using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA markers. Genetic diversity within the mitochondrial (mt)DNA appeared to be surprisingly high as for the limited spatial scale. The history of within‐species divergence dates back at least to the Pliocene.

A case of interspecific mtDNA introgression from the endemic H. scutarensis to the widespread and partly sympatric Homoeogammarus thoni was observed in one of the studied populations.

Demographic analysis showed that the demography of H. scutarensis population has been stable, without evidence of expansion. Thus, we believe that H. scutarensis, responsive to environmental changes, is a proper model mirroring the conditions in sensitive habitats of the Lake Skadar basin. To protect ongoing evolutionary processes, the conservation measures for this species should take into account the complex fine‐scale lineage endemism patterns. This case study may also provide a hint for planning conservation strategies in other geologically old spring systems.

Most of the localities where H. scutarensis occurs provide refugia for divergent mtDNA lineages, suggesting prolonged isolation between sites and independent evolutionary histories. We conclude that H. scutarensis is composed of two or three conservation units. One of them occupies the headwaters of the Crnojevića River and spring in its valley. The other is widespread throughout the sub‐lacustrine springs and the Zeta Plain; however, a group of unique haplotypes is found in springs in the Podhum Bay. Their presence and distribution should be considered while planning any investments or conservation strategies.
Understanding policy change through bricolage: The case of Chile's renewable energy policy
Authors: Allain Mathilde , Madariaga Aldo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChile is a country where path dependency made energy policy change extremely difficult by international standards. However, the country has recently become a renewable energy poster child thanks to a gradual process of policy change. How was this possible? This article contributes to discussions about policy change driven by ideas and to explaining the puzzling case of Chilean energy policy change. It does so by discussing the mechanism of bricolage—the recombination of old and new ideas by policy entrepreneurs—and its capacity to produce policy change in contexts of high path dependency. The article develops the political manifestations and consequences of bricolage and problematizes how actors continue to contest and change ideas' meaning after they have been institutionalized, a key question when analyzing processes of bricolage. The analysis is based on an array of data sources including interviews with key actors, newspaper notes, and legislative proceedings.
Does interview anxiety predict job performance and does it influence the predictive validity of interviews?
Authors: Schneider Leann , Powell Deborah M. , Bonaccio Silvia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInterview anxiety is negatively related to interview performance; however, its relation to job performance is unknown. It could correlate negatively with job performance, and it could moderate the interview performance–job performance relation. In a sample of applicants for Residence Assistant positions, interview anxiety had near‐zero correlations with job performance, rated by supervisors and supervisees. It moderated the relation between interview performance and supervisor‐rated facilitating peer and team performance, such that interview performance did not predict this job performance component for anxious applicants. The moderation was not found for supervisor‐rated task proficiency, or for supervisee ratings of either job performance component, suggesting that the impact of interview anxiety depends on rater source and which job performance component is rated.
Les tâches de l'OIT à l'heure de son centenaire
Authors: SUPIOT Alain 
Published: October 2019

RésuméLes principes – énoncés dans sa Constitution et dans la Déclaration de Philadelphie – qui définissent les missions de l'OIT n'ont rien perdu de leur valeur ni de leur actualité. En revanche, les conditions dans lesquelles ces missions s'exercent ont profondément changé. Le monde du travail est aujourd'hui le théâtre de bouleversements écologiques, technologiques et institutionnels, qui sont autant de défis à relever. La contribution de l'OIT à cette tâche devrait s'ordonner autour de trois principes, dont la mise en œuvre correspond à ses missions constitutionnelles: les principes de solidarité, de démocratie économique et de responsabilité socio‐écologique.
The effect of the still‐face paradigm on infant behavior: A cross‐cultural comparison between mothers and fathers
Authors: Li Wei , Woudstra Mi‐lan J. , Branger Marjolein C. E. , Wang Lamei , Alink Lenneke R. A. , Mesman Judi , Emmen Rosanneke A. G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMost still‐face paradigm (SFP) studies have been done in Western families with infant–mother dyads. The present study investigated the SFP pattern in 123 Dutch and 63 Chinese 4‐month‐old infants with mothers and fathers. The classic SFP effect was found for positive affect and gaze in both countries. For negative affect, Chinese infants showed a different SFP pattern than Dutch infants. With fathers, infants displayed a less pronounced SFP pattern for positive affect and an increase from the still face to the reunion for negative affect. Only a minority of infants showed the expected SFP pattern across episodes. Our findings support that infant emotion expression is influenced by parent gender and cultural context. An interesting avenue for further study is the exploration of the origins of within‐ and between‐gender and culture differences in affective communication between parents and infants.
Partnering with new mothers to develop a smart phone app to prevent maternal mortality after hospital discharge: A pilot study
Authors: Logsdon M. Cynthia , Lauf Adrian , Stikes Reetta , Revels Ashely , Vickers‐Smith Rachel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States, approximately 700 women die annually from pregnancy‐related complications in the first year after birth; a significant number of the deaths occur after hospital discharge. Although postpartum monitoring is important, the standard practice is for one healthcare evaluation at 6 weeks post‐birth. Most women are not aware of signs of postpartum complications.AimThe aim of the pilot study was to develop a prototype of a mobile app aimed at increasing a new mother's ability to monitor her own health after childbirth.DesignThe design used mixed methods and procedures from human‐centred design in an iterative process.MethodsData were collected by the researchers from January ‐ May 2019 in a hospital that serves primarily low income and underserved women in the southern US. Three groups of women provided data related to health education preferences or their reaction to a mock‐up or prototype mobile app. Several women completed the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS; N = 22).ResultsThemes from interviews indicated that women (N = 5) preferred electronic health education and that they used apps to monitor their pregnancies. Other new mothers (n‐5) described their overall reaction to the proposed features of the app which was incorporated into the design of the app that was tested by the third group of new mothers (N = 22) who were positive about interactions with the app. The MARS scores for the app were positive.ConclusionsNew mothers indicated that they would be willing to use an app to monitor their own postpartum health.ImpactData from the pilot study informed the development of a prototype mobile app that can now be used in a clinical trial with new mothers to monitor their own health and report concerns to healthcare providers.
Academic self‐efficacy in Bachelor‐level nursing students: Development and validation of a new instrument
Authors: Bulfone Giampiera , Vellone Ercole , Maurici Massimo , Macale Loreana , Alvaro Rosaria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsAn available strategy to counteract academic failure is the development and implementation of student academic self‐efficacy; however, to date, there are no instruments measuring it. The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically test an academic nurse self‐efficacy scale.DesignA longitudinal study design was used in accordance with Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of health status Measurement Instruments guidelines.MethodsA convenience sample of 1,129 nursing students attending the first year of the course were involved. The data collection began in 2014 and went on for 3 years. Data were collected at the beginning of the first (T0), at the end of the first (T1), at the end of the second (T2), and at the end of the third (T3) year. The academic nurse self‐efficacy scale was evaluated for content and face validity, for construct validity with explorative, confirmative factor analysis and hypothesis testing and for reliability. The standard error and the smallest detectable difference were also evaluated.ResultsScree plot analysis suggested a four‐factor solution and confirmative factor analysis model reached a good fit. We verified the first hypothesis, partially the second and not the third. The dimensions show a Cronbach's α 0.72–0.83. The smallest detectable difference was 26%.ConclusionsThe academic nurse self‐efficacy scale had good validity and reliability and should be considered for nursing students.ImpactThese findings may have an impact on universities, mainly in nursing degree programmes because nurse educators can identify nursing students with low academic self‐efficacy and help them in their academic duties. Indirectly, academic self‐efficacy monitoring can be used for evaluating the effect of different teaching strategies or mentorship support over time.
Prevention of serious air embolism during cryoballoon ablation; risk assessment of air intrusion into the sheath by catheter selection and change in intrathoracic pressure: An ex vivo study
Authors: Tsukahara Keita , Oginosawa Yasushi , Fujino Yoshihisa , Ohe Hisaharu , Yamagishi Yasunobu , Iwataki Mai , Sonoda Shinjo , Kohno Ritsuko , Otsuji Yutaka , Abe Haruhiko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionOne cause of cerebral infarction during cryoballoon ablation is the entry of air into a sheath due to the use of inappropriate catheters. It is known that the left atrial pressure of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome can be negative. However, the effects of catheter selection and negative pressure changes in the sheath on air intrusion are not yet well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate how catheter selection and negative pressure changes affect air intrusion and to perform countermeasures for air intrusion.Methods and ResultsThis experiment used siphon principle to create negative pressure in the sheath. Noncryoablation catheters (not designed exclusively for cryoballoon ablation) and cryoballoon catheters were investigated. Catheters were inserted into the sheath and then removed. Thereafter, the amount of air in the sheath was measured. For catheters producing significantly larger amounts of air intrusion, the catheters were inserted via a long sheath in the sheath (sheath‐in‐sheath technique) and the same procedures were repeated. We found that the amount of air intrusion through most of the noncryoablation catheters was significantly larger than that through cryoablation catheters. An increase in the magnitude of negative pressure in the sheath resulted in a proportional increase in air intrusion, but the sheath‐in‐sheath technique significantly reduced air intrusion.ConclusionThe amount of air intrusion increased when using catheters with complicated tip shapes and thin outer diameters and when the magnitude of negative pressure in the sheath increased. The sheath‐in‐sheath technique may be an effective countermeasure.
Sudden cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmias following first type I myocardial infarction in the contemporary era
Authors: Amin Mustapha , Kella Danesh , Killu Ammar M. , Padmanabhan Deepak , Hodge David O. , Golafshar Michael A. , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Lee Justin Z. , Shen Win‐Kuang , Friedman Paul A. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Roger Véronique L. , Gersh Bernard J. , Mulpuru Siva K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionMyocardial infarction (MI) is associated with an increase in subsequent heart failure (HF), recurrent ischemic events, sudden cardiac arrest, and ventricular arrhythmias (SCA‐VA). The primary objective of the study to determine the role of intercurrent HF and ischemic events on the development of SCA‐VA following first type I MI.Methods and resultsA retrospective cohort study of patients experiencing first type 1 MI in Olmsted County, Minnesota (2002‐2012) was conducted by identifying patients using the medical records linkage system (Rochester epidemiology project). Patients aged ≥18 years were followed from the time of MI till death or 31 July, 2017. Intercurrent HF and ischemic events were the primary exposures following MI and their association with outcome SCA‐VA was assessed. Eight hundred and sixty‐seven patients (mean age was 63 ± 14.5 years; 69% male; 49.8% ST‐elevation myocardial infarction) who had their first type I MI during the study period were included. Majority of acute MI patients were revascularized using percutaneous coronary intervention and bypass surgery (628 [72.43%] and 87 [10.03%] respectively). During a mean follow‐up of 7.69 ± 4.17 years, HF, recurrent ischemic events and SCA‐VA occurred in 155 (17.9%), 245 (28.3%), and 40 (4.61%) patients respectively. Low ejection fraction (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93‐0.98; P < .001), intercurrent HF (adjusted HR 3.11; 95% CI, 1.39‐6.95; P = .006) and recurrent ischemic events (adjusted HR 3.47; 95% CI, 1.68‐7.18; P < .001) were associated with subsequent SCA‐VA.ConclusionSCA‐VA occurred in a small proportion of patients after MI and is associated with intercurrent HF and recurrent ischemic events.
Efficacy and safety of cryoballoon ablation for Chinese patients over 75 years old: A comparison with a younger cohort
Authors: Zhang Jun , Ren Zhongyuan , Wang Songyun , Zhang Jingying , Yang Haotian , Zheng Yixing , Meng Weilun , Zhao Dongdong , Xu Yawei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionCryoballoon ablation (CBA) results in satisfactory outcomes for drug‐resistant atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. However, the efficacy and safety of CBA have not yet been tested in the Chinese elderly population. Therefore, this study compared the recurrence of AF and complications of CBA in patients ≥75 years and <75 years.MethodsA total of 677 patients (<75 years, n = 550; ≥ 75 years, n = 127) with paroxysmal (n = 603) or persistent (n = 74) non‐valvular drug‐resistant AF were included. The efficacy was assessed by the recurrence of AF, and the safety was evaluated by peri‐ and post‐procedural complications.ResultsThe CHA2DS2‐VASc (2.6 ± 1.7 vs 4.8 ± 1.6, P < .01) and HAS‐BLED (1.8 ± 0.8 vs 2.0 ± 0.8, P = .01) scores were significantly higher in the elderly group. The instant pulmonary vein isolation success rate was comparable (99.11% younger vs 98.98% older, P = .99). After a mean follow‐up time of 12.8 ± 9.6 months, the 1‐year freedom from AF rate was 80.6% vs 85.8% in the older and younger groups, respectively, while the survival analysis showed a nonsignificant difference in the rate of freedom from AF (log‐rank P = .46). Cox regression showed that age was not a predictive factor for AF recurrence and was not dichotomized (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.868, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.509‐1.481; P = .6046) or continuous (HR = 0.990, 95% CI, 0.968‐1.012, P = .3642). Similar complications rates were observed, including stroke (1.0% younger vs 0.93% older, P = .95) and major hemorrhagic events (1.2% younger vs 0% elder, P = .25).ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety profiles of CBA in patients older than 75 years are comparable with those in younger patients.