bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Predictability of the Indian Ocean Dipole Using Seasonally Modulated ENSO Forcing Forecasts
Authors: Zhao Sen , Jin Fei‐Fei , Stuecker Malte F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite recent progress in seasonal forecast systems, the predictive skill for the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) remains typically limited to a lead time of one season or less in both dynamical and empirical models. Here we develop a simple stochastic‐dynamical model (SDM) to predict the IOD using seasonally modulated El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing together with a seasonally modulated Indian Ocean coupled ocean‐atmosphere feedback. The SDM, with either observed or forecasted ENSO forcing, exhibits generally higher skill and longer lead times for predicting IOD events than the operational Climate Forecast System version 2 and the Scale Interaction Experiment–Frontier system. The improvements mainly originate from better prediction of ENSO‐dependent IOD events and from reducing false alarms. These results affirm our hypothesis that operational IOD predictability beyond persistence is largely controlled by ENSO predictability and the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the system. Therefore, potential future ENSO improvements in models should translate to more skillful IOD predictions.
Role of Eurasian Snow Cover in Linking Winter‐Spring Eurasian Coldness to the Autumn Arctic Sea Ice Retreat
Authors: Zhang Ruonan , Sun Chenghu , Zhang Renhe , Li Weijing , Zuo Jinqing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn anomalous “north‐south” dipole mode of the snow water equivalent (SWE) persisting from winter to spring is detected over the Eurasian mid‐to‐high latitudes in this study. Using observational data sets and numerical experiments of the Community Atmospheric Model (5.0), we show that this mode contributes to prolonged winter‐springtime coldness in midlatitude Eurasia and is closely linked to the declining November Arctic sea ice concentration. The decline in the sea ice concentration over the Barents‐Laptev Seas can induce a teleconnection pattern over the mid‐to‐high latitudes in the following winter, accompanied by an anomalous ridge over the Ural Mountains and an anomalous trough over Europe and East Asia. Such changes in the large‐scale circulation lead to more cold surges and heavy snowfall in the midlatitudes and light snowfall in the high latitudes, forming an anomalous north‐south dipole mode of the SWE, which further reduces the temperature through thermodynamic feedback. Due to seasonal memory, this SWE pattern can persist into the following spring and can lead to springtime midlatitude coldness via thermodynamic and dynamic processes. For the thermodynamic process, the anomalous SWE condition can lead to anomalous wet soil, reduced incoming surface solar radiation, and cooling air in the midlatitudes. This phenomenon induces an enhanced Siberian High and a deepened East Asian trough via the snow‐Siberian high‐feedback mechanism, which favors a cold spring in northern East Asia. Further analysis suggests that an empirical seasonal prediction model based on the SWE can reasonably predict East Asian spring temperature anomalies.
Early Interglacial Legacy of Deglacial Climate Instability
Authors: Barker Stephen , Knorr Gregor , Conn Stephen , Lordsmith Sian , Newman Dhobasheni , Thornalley David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThroughout the last glacial cycle millennial timescale variations in atmospheric CO2 occurred in parallel with perturbations in deep ocean circulation, which were themselves reflected by observable changes in surface conditions across the North Atlantic region. Here we use continuous proxy records to argue that an equivalent relationship has held throughout the last 800 kyr, that is, since before the first occurrence of Heinrich events (strictly defined). Our results highlight the importance of internal climate dynamics in amplifying external (insolation) forcing on the climate system to produce the large amplitude of glacial terminations (deglaciations) during the middle to late Pleistocene. We show that terminations are characterized by an interval of intense ice rafting followed by a subsequent and abrupt shift to anomalously warm surface conditions (with respect to the more gradually evolving background state), which we interpret to reflect an abrupt recovery of deep ocean circulation in the Atlantic. According to our synthesis, this is followed by a period of enhanced (or at least anomalous) overturning lasting thousands of years until equilibrium interglacial conditions are attained and during which atmospheric CO2 is likely to decrease. Our results therefore suggest that deglacial oscillations in ocean circulation can have a lasting influence on early interglacial climate and highlight the transient nature of atmospheric CO2 overshoots associated with the onset of some previous interglacials. Accordingly, we suggest that these intervals should be considered as a part of the deglacial process. This has implications for studies concerned with the evolution of atmospheric CO2 during interglacial periods including the Holocene.
Lymphopenia at diagnosis is highly prevalent in myelodysplastic syndromes and has an independent negative prognostic value in IPSS-R-low-risk patients
Authors: Silzle Tobias , Blum Sabine , Schuler Esther , Kaivers Jennifer , Rudelius Martina , Hildebrandt Barbara , Gattermann Norbert , Haas Rainer , Germing Ulrich 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLymphopenia is associated with an increased mortality in several medical conditions. Its prognostic impact in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is less well studied. Hence, we analyzed 1023 patients from the Düsseldorf MDS-registry with regard to the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) at diagnosis. An ALC below the median of the population (1.2 × 109/l) was associated with lower counts of neutrophils (median 1.35 vs. 1.92 × 109/l, p < 0.001) and platelets (median 100 vs. 138 × 109/l, p < 0.001) and with a significant lower overall survival in univariate analysis (whole cohort: median 36 vs. 46 months, p = 0.016; 721 patients without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or induction chemotherapy: median 36 vs. 56 months, p = 0.001). For low-risk MDS according to IPSS-R, an ALC < 1.2 × 109/l was of additional prognostic value in a multivariate Cox regression model together with age (< or ≥65 years) and LDH (< or ≥normal value of 240 U/l; HR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03–2.08, p = 0.033). These data support the hypothesis of subtle but clinical relevant changes of the adaptive immune system in MDS. Further studies are necessary to identify the ALC cut-off best suitable for prognostication and the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of lymphoid homeostasis in MDS.
CDK7 inhibitor THZ1 inhibits MCL1 synthesis and drives cholangiocarcinoma apoptosis in combination with BCL2/BCL-XL inhibitor ABT-263
Authors: Huang Tianlu , Ding Xiwei , Xu Guifang , Chen Gang , Cao Yu , Peng Chunyan , Shen Shanshan , Lv Ying , Wang Lei , Zou Xiaoping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal disease without effective targeted therapy. We screened a small-molecule library of 116 inhibitors targeting different targets of the cell cycle and discovered several kinases, including Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) as vulnerabilities in CCA. Analysis of multiple CCA data sets demonstrated that CDK7 was overexpressed in CCA tissues. Further studies demonstrated that CDK7 inhibitor THZ1 inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in CCA cells. We also showed that THZ1 inhibited CCA cell growth in a xenograft model. RNA-sequencing followed by Gene ontology analysis showed a striking impact of THZ1 on DNA-templated transcriptional programs. THZ1 downregulated CDK7-mediated phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II, indicative of transcriptional inhibition. A number of oncogenic transcription factors and survival proteins, like MCL1, FOSL1, and RUNX1, were repressed by THZ1. MCL1, one of the antiapoptotic BCL2 family members, was significantly inhibited upon THZ1 treatment. Accordingly, combining THZ1 with a BCL2/BCL-XL inhibitor ABT-263 synergized in impairing cell growth and driving apoptosis. Our results demonstrate CDK7 as a potential target in treating CCA. Combinations of CDK7 inhibition and BCL2/BCL-XL inhibition may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for CCA.
Targeting p16-induced senescence prevents cigarette smoke-induced emphysema by promoting IGF1/Akt1 signaling in mice
Authors: Cottage Christopher T. , Peterson Norman , Kearley Jennifer , Berlin Aaron , Xiong Ximing , Huntley Anna , Zhao Weiguang , Brown Charles , Migneault Annik , Zerrouki Kamelia , Criner Gerald , Kolbeck Roland , Connor Jane , Lemaire Raphael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSenescence is a mechanism associated with aging that alters tissue regeneration by depleting the stem cell pool. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) displays hallmarks of senescence, including a diminished stem cell population. DNA damage from cigarette smoke (CS) induces senescence via the p16 pathway. This study evaluated the contribution of p16 to CS-associated lung pathologies. p16 expression was prominent in human COPD lungs compared with normal subjects. CS induces impaired pulmonary function, emphysema, and increased alveolar epithelial cell (AECII) senescence in wild-type mice, whereas CS-exposed p16−/− mice exhibit normal pulmonary function, reduced emphysema, diminished AECII senescence, and increased pro-growth IGF1 signaling, suggesting that improved lung function in p16−/− mice was due to increased alveolar progenitor cell proliferation. In conclusion, our study suggests that targeting senescence may facilitate alveolar regeneration in COPD emphysema by promoting IGF1 proliferative signaling.
Design strategy for germanium-rhodamine based pH-activatable near-infrared fluorescence probes suitable for biological applications
Authors: Koide Yuichiro , Kojima Ryosuke , Hanaoka Kenjiro , Numasawa Koji , Komatsu Toru , Nagano Tetsuo , Kobayashi Hisataka , Urano Yasuteru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFluorescence probes that can detect pH are useful tools for biological research and clinical diagnosis. Here we report pH-activatable near-infrared fluorescence probes, based on hydroxymethyl germanium-rhodamine (HMGeR), that are suitable for a range of biological applications. The pKa, the ratio of the fluorescent form in an acidic environment, and the absorption/emission wavelengths can all be conveniently optimized. The most promising probe, 2-HM IGeR, offers significant advantages over currently available near-infrared pH probes, notably high quantum efficiency, appropriate pKa value for biological applications, and high photostability. Further, our molecular design strategy allows easy conjugation of the probes to biomolecules without loss of functionality. We illustrate the value of this strategy by developing probe-Herceptin® and probe-avidin conjugates to visualize pH change in cellular vesicles during endocytosis, and to visualize tumors in a mouse model, respectively. We believe 2-HM IGeR is currently among the best-in-class pH-activatable near-infrared probes for biological and medical research.
Excitons in InGaAs quantum dots without electron wetting layer states
Authors: Löbl Matthias C. , Scholz Sven , Söllner Immo , Ritzmann Julian , Denneulin Thibaud , Kovács András , Kardynał Beata E. , Wieck Andreas D. , Ludwig Arne , Warburton Richard J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Stranski–Krastanov growth-mode facilitates the self-assembly of quantum dots (QDs) by using lattice-mismatched semiconductors, for instance, InAs and GaAs. These QDs are excellent photon emitters: the optical decay of QD-excitons creates high-quality single-photons, which can be used for quantum communication. One significant drawback of the Stranski–Krastanov mode is the wetting layer. It results in a continuum close in energy to the confined states of the QD. The wetting-layer-states lead to scattering and dephasing of QD-excitons. Here, we report a slight modification to the Stranski–Krastanov growth-protocol of InAs on GaAs, which results in a radical change of the QD-properties. We demonstrate that the new QDs have no wetting-layer-continuum for electrons. They can host highly charged excitons where up to six electrons occupy the same QD. In addition, single QDs grown with this protocol exhibit optical linewidths matching those of the very best QDs making them an attractive alternative to conventional InGaAs QDs.
Including Nonlinguistic Processing Tasks in the Identification of Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Ebert Kerry Danahy , Pham Giang 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Accurate identification of developmental language disorder (DLD) remains challenging, particularly for children who speak different dialects, languages, or more than 1 language. Children with DLD, on average, have shown subtle deficits on nonlinguistic cognitive processing tasks, and performance on such tasks may be minimally influenced by language experience. This study explores whether nonlinguistic cognitive processing tasks can contribute to the identification of DLD in children from diverse linguistic backgrounds.

Method
Study 1 combined data from 4 U.S.-based investigations to yield a sample of 395 children, ages 6–10 years, who spoke only English or both Spanish and English. Study 2 consisted of an international sample of 55 kindergarten children living in Vietnam. Each study included children with DLD and children with typical development. Participants completed nonlinguistic cognitive tasks of processing speed, auditory working memory, and attentional control. Data analysis compared typically developing to DLD groups by age and language background. Then, we empirically derived cut-points to report diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios).

Results
For all 3 tasks, adequate sensitivity or specificity (but not both in most cases) was achieved in nearly all age groups. Likelihood ratios reached moderately to very informative levels in several instances. Diagnostic results were maintained when monolingual and bilingual samples were combined into a single group.

Conclusions
Nonlinguistic cognitive processing tasks may contribute to accurate identification of DLD in combination with other measures. Further research is needed to refine tasks, confirm cut-points established here, and extend findings to children from additional language backgrounds.
Evidence-Based Interventions for Learners Who Are Deaf and/or Multilingual: A Systematic Quality Review
Authors: Crowe Kathryn , Guiberson Mark 
Published: August 2019

PurposeMany educators and speech-language pathologists have difficulty providing effective interventions to the growing population of d/Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) learners who use more than 1 language. The purpose of this review article was to identify evidence-based interventions for speech, language, and literacy used with DHH multilingual learners (DMLs), monolingual DHH learners, and hearing bilingual learners without hearing loss. Interventions used with these groups can inform the practice of professionals providing services to DMLs.MethodThis review article considered speech, language, and literacy interventions used with DHH and hearing bilingual learners from birth to 21 years of age. The following electronic databases were searched: Academic Search Complete/EBSCO (CINAHL, Education, ERIC), Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts, PsycINFO, and PubMed. Data describing article, participant, methodological, and intervention variables were extracted from studies. The methodological quality of studies was examined using the Council for Exceptional Children's (2014) standards for evidence-based practice in special education.ResultsA total of 144 studies were reviewed, describing over 9,370 learners aged 1.8–22.0 years. Two studies investigated DMLs, 76 investigated DHH learners, and 67 investigated hearing bilingual learners. A total of 146 different interventions were examined. Most studies reported positive effects. Only 17 studies met all quality indicators specified by the Council for Exceptional Children (2014): 7 examined DHH learners, and 10 examined hearing bilingual learners. There was insufficient evidence for any intervention to be considered an evidence-based intervention, although 6 could potentially contribute to evidence-based practice.ConclusionsNo evidence-based interventions for DMLs were identified. A small number of interventions examined in high-quality studies of DHH and hearing bilingual learners were identified, which may be appropriate for use with DMLs following further investigation.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9108386
Programmable manipulation of zeroth‐order resonance based on an active and digitally coding metamaterial antenna
Authors: He Yiming , Yang Guangli , Luo Yong 
Published: August 2019

In this Letter, the authors focus on the programmable manipulation in frequency spectrum through an active Metamaterial (MTM) antenna with digitally coding sequences. The MTM cell operates in the zeroth‐order resonance (ZOR) where the resonances are independent of the physical length, providing the freedom to utilise arbitrary cell number with keeping the resonance. Benefiting from the isolated periodical cells, n‐cell MTM can be tuned by PIN diodes cell by cell individually, hence, achieve many tunable states, which can be coded digitally with sequences, compatible to evolve to programmable functionalities. Micro‐Controller Unit with C Language is utilised to realise programmable voltages for supplying diode switches, resulting in programmable ZOR (PZOR) in one of the 5G band (4.8 to 5.2 GHz), and unfolding the advantages in achieving many NB (Narrow‐Bandwidth) spectrum channels. The proposed programmable MTM ZOR with sliced‐NB channels is suitable for NB‐IoT (Internet of Things) in the near future.
A possibly inflated planet around the bright young star DS Tucanae A
Authors: Benatti S. , Nardiello D. , Malavolta L. , Desidera S. , Borsato L. , Nascimbeni V. , Damasso M. , D’Orazi V. , Mesa D. , Messina S. , Esposito M. , Bignamini A. , Claudi R. , Covino E. , Lovis C. , Sabotta S. 
Published: August 2019

Context. The origin of the observed diversity of planetary system architectures is one of the main topics of exoplanetary research. The detection of a statistically significant sample of planets around young stars allows us to study the early stages of planet formation and evolution, but only a handful are known so far. In this regard a considerable contribution is expected from the NASA TESS satellite, which is now performing a survey of ~85% of the sky to search for short-period transiting planets.
Aims. In its first month of operation TESS found a planet candidate with an orbital period of 8.14 days around a member of the Tuc-Hor young association (~40 Myr), the G6V main component of the binary system DS Tuc. If confirmed, it would be the first transiting planet around a young star suitable for radial velocity and/or atmospheric characterisation. Our aim is to validate the planetary nature of this companion and to measure its orbital and physical parameters.
Methods. We obtained accurate planet parameters by coupling an independent reprocessing of the TESS light curve with improved stellar parameters and the dilution caused by the binary companion; we analysed high-precision archival radial velocities to impose an upper limit of about 0.1 MJup on the planet mass; we finally ruled out the presence of external companions beyond 40 au with adaptive optics images.
Results. We confirm the presence of a young giant (R = 0.50 RJup) planet having a non-negligible possibility to be inflated (theoretical mass ≲ 20 M⊕) around DS Tuc A. We discuss the feasibility of mass determination, Rossiter-McLaughlin analysis, and atmosphere characterisation allowed by the brightness of the star.
Die geschichtliche Entwicklung der gastroenterologischen Endoskopie in Deutschland – Teil 1
Authors: Thümmler Katrin , Koch Sebastian 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDieser historische Abriss zeigt den langwierigen und umständlich historischen Prozess der Endoskopie. Die Bildübertragung durch die speziell gestaltete Optik und die Nutzung der elektrischen Energie gaben den Anstoß zu einer rasanten Entwicklung der gastroenterologischen Endoskopie 5.Das Arbeitsfeld der flexiblen Endoskopie besteht heute aus der gastroenterologischen, urologischen und pulmologischen Endoskopie. In der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts arbeiteten Ärzte vor allem an der Entwicklung von Urethroskopen und Zystoskopen. Der Ursprung der Endoskopie liegt demzufolge in der Urologie 4.Im 21. Jahrhundert wird die Optik der Endoskope stets optimiert, die digitale Bildübertragung verbessert und mit anderen Schnittbildtechniken kombiniert 12. Dieser Fortschritt ist nur möglich, weil es Menschen gab, die voller Enthusiasmus unter schwierigen Bedingungen diesen Weg bereiteten. Diesen Menschen gelten unser Dank und Respekt. Wer die Vergangenheit kennt, hat auch eine Zukunft.Die vorliegende Arbeit bildet die Basis für eine sich anschließende qualitative Studie. In dieser folgenden Studie werden leitfadengestützte explorative Experteninterviews geführt, um einen Vergleich zu ziehen zwischen den gastrointestinalen Endoskopien in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik in den 70er- und 80er-Jahren.
B-mode ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of histological confirmed omental lesions: retrospective analysis of n = 44 patients
Authors: Trenker Corinna , Dietrich Christoph F. , Ziegler Elena , Neesse Albrecht , Görg Christian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction Little is known about the imaging of omental pathologies. The aim of the current study was to determine the value of B-mode ultrasound (B-US), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant omental pathologies.
Patients and methods A retrospective evaluation (2008–2017) was performed in 44 patients (median 65,5 years, mean 64 years [47–83], 27 male, 17 female) with histological (40/44 [91 %]) or cytological (4/44 [9 %]) proven omental lesions. Clinical signs and final diagnosis, size, B-US and CEUS findings, and complications were analyzed.
Results Omental thickening was in n = 36 (81.8 %) of the cases malignant (mOL) and in n = 8 (18.2 %) benign (bOL). Twenty-six (59.1 %) patients had ascites (n = 24 [66.7 %] mOL, n = 2 [25 %] bOL). The average tumor thickness was 23 mm (24 mm in mOL, 20 mm in bOL). Interventional complications were not observed.
Discussion The majority of omental lesions are malignant. The differentiation between a malignant or benign cause of thickening is not possible by any imaging method. CEUS is helpful to determine vital tissue before biopsy. Ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy allows final diagnosis of omental thickening if > 10 mm and should be performed prior to the more invasive and complicative diagnostic laparoscopy.
Alles Laser oder was? – Moderne Endoskopie und Nachsorge in der Urologie
Authors: Heck Philip 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDurch die neuartige Laserenukleation für Patienten ist eine deutliche Verbesserung der Versorgung vor allem bei großen Prostatadrüsen entstanden. Die transurethrale Laserenukleation ermöglicht die Desobstruktion großer Drüsen, welche noch vor einigen Jahren überwiegend mittels Bauchschnitt durchgeführt werden mussten. Die Patienten profitieren von den Vorteilen der minimalinvasiven Technik. Außerdem von einem verkürzten Aufenthalt im Krankenhaus aufgrund eines geringeren Blutverlustes im Vergleich zur offenen Adenomenukleation. Somit bietet der Laser eine fortschrittliche und zuverlässige Alternative zu der bisher durchgeführten Operationstechnik.Die moderne Endoskopie befindet sich im ständigen Wandel. Nicht nur in der Gastroenterologie und Bronchoskopie werden immer neue Verfahren und Materialien verwendet. Auch die Urologie hat mit ihrem breiten Uro-Endoskopischen Portfolio einiges zu bieten.