bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and population structure of Culex modestus across Europe: does recent appearance in the United Kingdom reveal a tendency for geographical spread?
Authors: Hernández‐Triana L. M. , Brugman V. A. , Pramual P. , Barrero E. , Nikolova N. I. , Ruiz‐Arrondo I. , Kaiser A. , Krüger A. , Lumley S. , Osório H. C. , Ignjatović‐Ćupina A. , Petrić D. , Laure Setier‐Rio M. , Bødker R. , Johnson N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn mainland Europe, the mosquito species Culex modestus Ficalbi (1890) is a bridge vector for West Nile virus (WNV) from its natural bird‐mosquito cycle to mammals. The present study assessed the genetic diversity of Cx. modestus, as well as related Culex species, using the mitochondrial COI DNA barcoding region and compared this with the population structure across Europe. A haplotype network was mapped to determine genealogical relationships among specimens. The intraspecific genetic diversity within individual Culex species was below 2%, whereas the interspecific genetic divergence varied from 2.99% to 13.74%. In total, 76 haplotypes were identified among 198 sequences. A median‐joining network determined from 198 COI sequences identified two major lineages that were separated by at least four mutation steps. A high level of intraspecific genetic diversity was not detected in Cx. modestus in samples submitted from different European populations, which indicates that morphologically identified specimens represent a single species and not a species complex. Therefore, it is deduced that different populations of Cx. modestus will show a similar potential to transmit WNV, lending support to concerns that the population present in southeast England represents a risk of transmission to humans.
Discrimination of oral squamous cell carcinoma from oral lichen planus by salivary metabolomics
Authors: Ishikawa Shigeo , Sugimoto Masahiro , Edamatsu Kaoru , Sugano Ayako , Kitabatake Kenichiro , Iino Mitsuyoshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to distinguish salivary metabolites in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from those in oral lichen planus (OLP) to identify practical biomarkers for the discrimination of OSCC from OLP.Subjects and MethodsWhole unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients with OSCC (n = 34) and OLP (n = 26). Hydrophilic metabolites in the saliva samples were comprehensively analysed by capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. To evaluate the discrimination ability of a combination of multiple markers, a multiple logistic regression (MLR) model was developed to differentiate OSCC from OLP.ResultsFourteen metabolites were found to be significantly different between the OSCC and OLP groups. Among them, indole‐3‐acetate and ethanolamine phosphate were used to develop the MLR model. The combination of these two metabolites showed a high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.856, 95% confidential interval: 0.762–0.950; p < .001) for discriminating OSCC from OLP.ConclusionsWe identified salivary metabolites for discerning between OSCC and OLP, which is clinically important for detecting the malignant transformation of OLP by both dentists and oral surgery specialists. Our candidate salivary metabolites show potential for non‐invasive screening of OSCC versus OLP.
Efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Bhatia Harpreet S. , Bailey Joseph , Unlu Ozan , Hoffman Katherine , Kim Robert J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are effective alternatives to warfarin for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) including patients with CKD III. However, data on patient outcomes with DOACs for advanced CKD are limited, while warfarin use is controversial.MethodsA retrospective study of patients with AF using DOACs and CKD stages III‐V was conducted. The primary outcomes were stroke or systemic embolism and major bleeding while on DOAC therapy among CKD IV and V patients. Rates of outcomes from the DOAC trials and from previous studies of warfarin in CKD were referenced.ResultsOf 316 patients reviewed, 152 were included with mean CrCl of 38.8 mL/min. Stroke and systemic embolism occurred at a rate of 1.17 per 100 person‐years, with no significant difference between CKD IV/V and CKD III (P = .567). Rates were comparable to DOAC use from the DOAC trials, and lower than rates in studies of warfarin in CKD IV/V patients. There was a nonstatistically significant trend toward increased major bleeding in CKD IV/V patients. Rates of major bleeding in CKD III to V subjects were comparable to published rates for warfarin users with similar levels of renal impairment.ConclusionsIn our study, DOACs appeared to be as efficacious and safe in CKD IV and V as in CKD III. In addition, DOACs appeared to be more effective than, and as safe as warfarin when compared with reference studies of patients with advanced CKD. Our findings support the use of DOACs for thromboembolism prevention in patients with advanced CKD and AF.
Classical Consociational Theory and Recent Consociational Performance
Authors: McGarry John 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLijphart’s classical consociational theory, developed between the 1960s and 1975, was based largely on the experience of four western European cases. He argued that the success of consociations depended on the preparedness and ability of elites to cooperate, and that the prospects for success were facilitated by the presence of certain historical and structural factors, including a tradition of accommodation and a “multiple balance of power”. In the past forty years or so, consociations have been implemented, or attempted, in a number of places quite unlike the classical cases. This article argues that a satisfactory explanation of the performance of the new consociations requires consideration of three dimensions additional to those described in Lijphart’s classical account. These are, respectively, the i) external dimension; ii) the security dimension; and iii) the self‐determination dimension.
Solid sedimentation rates history of the Southern African continental margins: Implications for the uplift history of the South African Plateau
Authors: Baby Guillaume , Guillocheau François , Braun Jean , Robin Cécile , Dall'Asta Massimo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Cretaceous and Cenozoic fill of the continental margins of southern Africa (South‐East Atlantic and Agulhas Margins) contains a continuous record of sediment supplied from the South African Plateau (SAP) for the past 134 million years. Estimates of solid sediment volumes deposited offshore were calculated from isopach maps and extrapolated vertical cross‐sections derived from a large amount of industrial geophysical data. Solid phase volumes and accumulation rates were calculated for six epochs: Lower Cretaceous (134–113 Ma), Mid Cretaceous (113–93.5 Ma), Upper Cretaceous (93.5–81 and 81–66 Ma), Palaeogene (66–25 Ma), Neogene (25–0 Ma). Our new compilation demonstrates the existence of two periods of elevated flux. The most important one occurs in the late Cretaceous (93.5–66 Ma) and was synchronous with an acceleration of onshore denudation as shown by thermochronometric data. After a period of extremely low accumulation rate, the second phase of elevated flux started in the Oligocene (~30–25 Ma) until present‐day. From these observations we suggest that the main phase of uplift of the SAP took place during the Upper Cretaceous. Two mechanisms, namely uplift caused by lithospheric delamination or by dynamic topography caused by the continent moving over the African Superplume, are viable explanations for our observations. The more recent and lower amplitude episode of enhanced accumulation rates is likely to correspond to a second period of uplift, potentially associated with the onset of uplift and extension along the East African Rift System.
HLA‐matched platelet transfusions are effective only in refractory patients with positive HLA antibody screening
Authors: Kreuger Aukje L. , Mäkelburg Anja B.U. , Somers Judith A.E. , Tomson Bert , van de Watering Leo M. G. , van der Bom Johanna G. , van Kraaij Marian G.J. , Weller Claudia M. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUNDRecipients of platelet transfusions with 1‐hour corrected count increments (1hCCIs) of 7.5 or less on two subsequent platelet transfusions with random platelets may benefit from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched platelet concentrates. We aimed to quantify the efficacy of HLA‐matched platelets concentrates expressed in 1hCCIs.METHODSWe performed a cohort study among consecutive refractory patients who received HLA‐matched platelet concentrates in the Netherlands between 1994 and 2017. We performed mixed‐model linear regression comparing 1hCCIs after HLA split‐antigen–matched transfusions with 1hCCIs after HLA‐mismatched transfusions, adjusted for within‐patient correlations. A donor‐to‐patient match was categorized as a split‐match if all donor HLA‐A and ‐B antigens were present in the patient as well; that is, donor and patient were HLA identical or compatible. Subgroup analyses were performed for patients with positive or negative HLA antibody screens. Finally, the additional effect of ABO mismatches on 1hCCIs was investigated.RESULTSThe 1hCCI after an HLA‐matched transfusion was 14.09 (95% reference interval, 1.13‐29.89). This was 1.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74‐3.15) higher than 1hCCI after HLA‐mismatched transfusions. In patients with negative HLA antibody screening tests, HLA matching did not affect 1hCCIs. Conditional on HLA matching, 1hCCIs decreased by 3.70 (95% CI, ‐5.22 to −2.18) with major ABO mismatches.CONCLUSIONMatched platelet concentrates yielded maximal 1hCCIs, whereas mismatched transfusions still resulted in adequate increments. There is no indication for HLA‐matched platelets in patients with negative antibody screens.
Skin Friction Measurements of Transition in High Reynolds Number, Adverse Pressure Gradient Flow
Authors: Holley Brian M. , Hardin Larry W. , Tillman Gregory , Lin Ray-Sing , Joo Jongwook 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A combined experimental and analytical modeling effort has been carried out to measure the skin friction response of the boundary layer in high Reynolds number adverse pressure gradient flow. The experiment was conducted in the United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) Acoustic Research Tunnel, an ultra-low freestream turbulence facility capable of laminar boundary layer research. Boundary layer computational fluid dynamics and stability modeling were used to provide pre-test predictions, as well as to aid in interpretation of measured results. Measurements were carried out at chord Reynolds numbers 2–3 × 106, with the model set at multiple incidence angles to establish a range of relevant leading edge pressure gradients. The combination of pressure gradient and flight Reynolds number testing on a thin airfoil has produced a unique data set relevant to propulsion system turbomachinery.
Associations Between Trajectories of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Television Viewing Time Across Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: Yang Xiaolin , Lounassalo Irinja , Kankaanpää Anna , Hirvensalo Mirja , Rovio Suvi P. , Tolvanen Asko , Biddle Stuart J.H. , Helajärvi Harri , Palomäki Sanna H. , Salin Kasper , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Raitakari Olli T. , Tammelin Tuija H. 
Published: October 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine trajectories of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and television-viewing (TV) time and their associations in adults over 10 years. Methods: The sample comprised 2934 participants (men, 46.0%) aged 24–39 years in 2001 and they were followed up for 10 years. LTPA and TV time were assessed using self-report questionnaires in 2001, 2007, and 2011. Longitudinal LTPA and TV-time trajectories and their interactions were analyzed with mixture modeling. Results: Three LTPA (persistently highly active, 15.8%; persistently moderately active, 60.8%; and persistently low active, 23.5%) and 4 TV time (consistently low, 38.6%; consistently moderate, 48.2%; consistently high, 11.7%; and consistently very high, 1.5%) trajectory classes were identified. Persistently highly active women had a lower probability of consistently high TV time than persistently low-active women (P = .02), whereas men who were persistently highly active had a higher probability of consistently moderate TV time and a lower probability of consistently low TV time than their persistently low-active counterparts (P = .03 and P = .01, respectively). Conclusions: Maintaining high LTPA levels were accompanied by less TV over time in women, but not in men. The associations were partially explained by education, body mass index, and smoking.
Revealing emplacement dynamics of a simple flood basalt eruption unit using systematic compositional heterogeneities
Authors: Vye-Brown* C. , Barry† T.L. , Self§ S. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Intralava geochemical variations resulting from subtle changes in magma composition are used here to provide insights into the spatial-temporal development of large basalt lava flow fields. Recognition that flood basalt lavas are emplaced by inflation processes, akin to modern pāhoehoe lava, provides a spatial and temporal frame-work, both vertically at single locations and laterally between locations, in which to examine lava flow emplacement and lava flow field development. Assuming the lava inflation model, we combined detailed field mapping with analysis of compositional profiles across a single flow field to determine the internal spatio-temporal development of the Palouse Falls flow field, a lava produced by an individual Columbia River flood basalt eruption.
Geochemical analyses of samples from constituent lobes of the Palouse Falls lava field demonstrate that systematic compositional whole-rock variations can be traced throughout the flow field from the area of the vent to the distal limits. Chemical heterogeneity within individual lava lobes (and outcrops) shows an increase from lava crusts to cores, e.g., MgO = 3.24–4.23 wt%, Fe2O3 = 14.71–16.05 wt%, Cr = 29–52 ppm, and TiO2 = 2.83–3.14 wt%. This is accompanied by a decrease in incompatible elements, e.g., Y = 46.1–43.4 ppm, Zr = 207–172 ppm, and V = 397–367 ppm. Systematic compositional variations from the source to distal areas are observed through constituent lobes of the Palouse Falls flow field. However, compositional heterogeneity in any one lobe appears less variable in the middle of the flow field as compared to more proximal and distal margins. Excursions from the general progressive trend from vent to distal limits are also observed and may reflect lateral spread of the flow field during emplacement, resulting in the juxtaposition of lobes of different composition.
Transport of magma through connected sheet lobe cores, acting as internal flow pathways to reach the flow front, is interpreted as the method of lava transport. Additionally, this can explain the general paucity of lava tubes within flood basalt provinces. In general, flow field development by a network of lava lobes may account for the occurrence of compositionally similar glasses noted at the proximal and distal ends of some flood basalt lavas.
Voluminous and compositionally diverse, middle Miocene Strawberry Volcanics of NE Oregon: Magmatism cogenetic with flood basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group
Authors: Steiner Arron , Streck Martin J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The mid-Miocene Strawberry volcanic field of northeastern Oregon is an example of intracontinental flood volcanism that produced lavas of both tholeiitic and calcalkaline compositions derived by open-system processes. Until now, these dominantly calc-alkaline lavas have not been considered to have a petrogenetic origin similar to that of the flood basalts of the Pacific Northwest because of their calc-alkaline composition. These lavas are situated in between and co-erupted with the dominant volcanic field of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG). Due to the timing, location, and diversity of these erupted units, the Strawberry Volcanics may hold valuable information about the role of crustal modification during large magmatic events such as hotspot volcanism. The earliest eruptions of the Strawberry Volcanics began at 16.2 Ma and appear continuous to 15.3 Ma, characterized by low-silica rhyolite. High-silica, A-type rhyolite eruptions followed at 15.3 Ma. The silicic eruptions continued until 14.6 Ma, with an estimated total volume up to ~100 km3. The first eruptions of the intermediate lava flows occurred at 15.6 Ma and continued with both tholeiitic and calc-alkaline, and transitional, lavas until 12.5 Ma. Volume estimates of the intermediate lavas are ~1100 km3. The mafic lavas are sparse (~2% of total volume) and are distributed throughout the upper sequences, and they appear to be near last to arrive at the surface. Herein, we show that the Strawberry Volcanics are not only related in time and space to the Columbia River Basalt, but they also share some chemical traits, specifically to the Steens Basalt. Evidence of this similarity includes: overlapping normalized incompatible trace-element patterns, selected trace-element ratios, and radiogenic isotopes. Furthermore, we compared the Strawberry rhyolites to the other mid-Miocene rhyolites of eastern Oregon associated with the inception of the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain hotspot and found overlapping eruption ages, trace and rare earth element compositions, and “A-type” rhyolite characteristics. This research concludes that the Strawberry Volcanics were part of the regional basalt to rhyolite magmatism of the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain hotspot.
Products, processes, and implications of Keanakāko‘i volcanism, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i
Authors: Swanson Donald A. , Houghton Bruce F. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The Keanakāko‘i Tephra offers an exceptional window into the explosive portion of Kīlauea’s recent past. Once thought to be the products of a single eruption, the deposits instead formed through a wide range of pyroclastic activity during an ~300 yr period following the collapse of the modern caldera in ca. 1500 CE. No single shallow conduit or vent system prevailed during this period, and most of the deposits are confined to distinct sectors around the caldera. Vent position shifted abruptly and repeatedly throughout this time period. This combination of circumstances, influenced by prevailing wind direction, led to rapid lateral changes in the stratigraphy. We define and describe 12 units, several of which are subdivided into subunits or beds, and place them in a framework that reflects volcanologic processes as well as temporal succession.
Eruption style and intensity are exceptionally diverse for a basaltic shield volcano. Bulk tephra volumes range from 106 to 107 m3, and the volcanic explosivity index (VEI) ranges from 1 to 3. The most intense activity included high Hawaiian fountaining eruptions, probably associated with caldera-confined lava flows, and subplinian and phreatoplinian explosions. There was also a wide range of less intense phreatomagmatic activity characterized by different magma/water ratios, with products ranging from ballistic block falls, to cross-bedded pyroclastic density current deposits, to fine-grained ash falls commonly bearing accretionary lapilli.
Resumption of a Keanakāko‘i style and pattern of volcanism, which seems possible given events unfolding in May–July 2018, has serious implication in terms of future volcanic risk. The hazards associated with every style of explosive activity at Kīlauea summit are quite distinct from the dominantly effusive style of the past 200 yr and should be factored into any future evaluation of risk.
Gravity signature of basaltic fill in Kīlauea caldera, Island of Hawai‛i
Authors: Gailler Lydie , Kauahikaua Jim 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Characterization of the subsurface structure of a volcanic edifice is essential to understanding volcanic behavior. One of the best-studied volcanoes is Kīlauea (Island of Hawai‘i). Geological evidence suggests that the formation of the summit caldera of Kīlauea is cyclic, with repeated collapse followed by filling with lava. The most recent collapse occurred ca. 1500 CE, producing a basin that is several hundred meters deeper than the current caldera. In this study, we used two- and three-dimensional gravity modeling of spatially dense gravity data covering the summit area to suggest that, since its formation in 1500 CE, the caldera has been progressively filled by lava flows that are slightly denser than those found in the rim and outboard of the caldera. The geometry of this fill, inferred from gravity data, enables us to reconstruct the morphology of the 1500 CE caldera before its subsequent filling. The coincidence of fumarolic zones and thermal anomalies observed at the surface with the interpreted 1500 CE caldera rim suggests that hydrothermal fluid circulation is guided by the more permeable inner faults bounding the main caldera.
Explosive eruptions at the summit of Mauna Loa: Lithology, modeling, and dating
Authors: Trusdell Frank A. , Hungerford Jefferson D.G. , Stone John O. , Fifield Keith , McCann Kaitlin , Wershow Harold , Zaarur Shikma , Boyd Melissa Dimeo 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Near Moku‘āweoweo, Mauna Loa’s summit caldera, there are three fans of explosive deposits. The fans, located to the west, northwest, and east, are strongly arcuate in map view. Along ‘Āinapō Trail, 2.8–3.5 km southeast of the caldera, there are several small kīpuka that expose a fourth explosive deposit. Although these explosive deposits have been known for some time, no study bearing on the nature of the explosive activity that formed them has been done. By analyzing cosmogenic exposure age data and the physical properties of the debris fans—lithology, size distributions, and clast dispersal—we conclude that the lithic deposits are the result of five separate phreatic events. The lithic ejecta consist of fragments of ponded lavas, pāhoehoe, gabbroic xenoliths, and “bread-crust” fragments. The exposure ages indicate that the explosive deposit on the west caldera rim was erupted 868 ± 57 yr B.P.; for the northwest fan, the age determination is 829 ± 51 yr B.P.; and on the east rim, ejecta deposits are younger, with ages of 150 ± 20 and 220 ± 20 yr B.P. Lavas underlying these deposits have exposure ages of 960–1020 yr B.P., consistent with the stratigraphy. Near ‘Āinapō Trail, the explosive deposit is much older, overlain by flows dated with a pooled mean age of 1507 ± 19 yr B.P. From the cosmogenic dating, we have three reliable and unambiguous dates. At a much earlier time, a fourth explosive eruption created the ‘Āinapō Trail deposit. We conclude there were at least five explosive episodes around the summit caldera. These deposits, along with recent work done on Kīlauea’s explosive activity, further discredit the notion that Hawaiian volcanoes are strictly effusive in nature. The evidence from the summit of Mauna Loa indicates that it, too, has erupted explosively in recent history.