bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nephite Secularization; or, Picking and Choosing in The Book of Mormon
Authors: Shreve Grant 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers The Book of Mormon as a singular literary reflection on secularization as an effect of religious pluralism. The defining event in Joseph Smith’s early life was a visionary experience occasioned by a crisis over religious choice, wherein conversion is refigured as persuasion. Although published more than a decade later, The Book of Mormon stands as a monumental historical interrogation of the conditions that gave rise to this crisis and an archive of narrative and theological strategies for its resolution. Curiously, the book bypasses European church history entirely to recast standard narratives of secularization—such as those proposed by Charles Taylor and Peter Berger—in distinctly New World terms. Throughout this counterhistory, The Book of Mormon attempts to reconcile tacit commitments to religious choice and an egalitarian attitude toward divine revelation with the need for an orthodox center. It ultimately discovers a resolution not in theology but in narratology.
“Great Cause to Mourn”
Authors: Berkey Kimberly M. , Spencer Joseph M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As is often noted, The Book of Mormon attaches normative value to whiteness and generally ignores women’s spirituality. This essay insists, however, that the book’s presentation of gender and race should be read with an eye to characters who, from within the volume’s own narrative, identify and critique the racial and sexual presuppositions of the narrative. Focused on the racialized prophet Samuel and the countercultural prophet Jacob, the authors thus read The Book of Mormon as aware of and critical toward its own apparent racial and sexual problems. They argue that The Book of Mormon would in this way likely have struck its earliest readers as in step with the then-nascent genre of domestic fiction, represented in the 1820s by Lydia Maria Child (Hobomok) and Catharine Maria Sedgwick (Hope Leslie). Yet, unlike such novels, The Book of Mormon does its work through inventive (but subtle) reimaginings of key biblical texts.
“I Lead the Way, Like Columbus”
Authors: Hutchins Zachary McLeod 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Readers of The Book of Mormon have long identified Christopher Columbus as the “man among the Gentiles” whose divinely prompted journey to the Americas is foretold therein; Columbus thus became a model for the prophetic leadership of Joseph Smith. But if Columbus was inspired to discover the New World, that inspiration was imprecise, as the admiral sailed for China, suggesting that revelation is necessarily an ambiguous, messy process whose conclusions are uncertain and provisional, subject to correction or revision. Because his arrival in the Americas precipitated the genocide of Native peoples, identifying Columbus as a prophetic figure has forced faithful readers of The Book of Mormon to grapple with the question of theodicy. Some, like the novelist Orson Scott Card, have suggested that the Amerindian genocide is compatible with the justice of a loving God, while others have argued that The Book of Mormon celebrates prophetic weakness and promotes hermeneutic humility.
Book of Mormon Poetry
Authors: Whitley Edward 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
For years, scholars have identified elements of Hebraic poetry in the words of Book of Mormon prophets as evidence of the book’s ancient origins. This effort to make poetic forms proof of the book’s truth claims finds a parallel in the hundreds of poems that have been written about The Book of Mormon, a topic to which scholars have paid little attention. This essay shows how the logic behind Book of Mormon poetry runs counter to Lawrence Buell’s formulation of “American literary scripturism,” which argues that “the erosion of the Bible’s privileged status acted as a literary stimulus” for American writers. But poetry about The Book of Mormon does not rise from the ashes of a discredited sacred text. Rather, Latter-day Saint poets treat the book as generative of poetic genres such as epic and elegy, genres that provide their own commentary on The Book of Mormon and its relationship to US nationalism, indigenous peoples, and the nature of history in the Americas.
Introduction
Authors: Maxwell Angie , Shields Todd 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The GOP’s Southern Strategy initiated the realignment of the South with the Republican Party by exploiting white racial anxiety about social changes to the southern racial hierarchy. However, the GOP’s success was not solely the result of its policy position on civil rights. Rather, that decision was part of a series of decisions the party made on feminism and religion as well, in what is called here the “Long Southern Strategy.” White resentment toward a more level racial playing field, for example, was intensified by the threat of a level gender playing field, and the promotion of “family values” by anti-feminists paved the way for the Christian Right. Moreover, Republican candidates did not just campaign down South, they became “southern.” Throughout realignment, the power of southern identity was rarely taken into consideration, but for whites who proclaim themselves to be southern, that has been the only party that really mattered.
Mosaics of Knowledge
Authors: Riggsby Andrew 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The book examines the invention, use, and diffusion of ancient Roman information technologies. In particular, it looks at technologies defined in conceptual terms—lists, tables, weights and measures, perspective and related artistic devices, and cartography—rather than mechanical ones (e.g., “tablet” or “scroll”). Each is viewed from both social and cognitive perspectives, as well as with attention to the interaction between the conceptual and its material instantiation. The study is particularly focused on the most powerful technologies, whose uptakes are in most cases sporadic across time, space, and use context. These systems display a tolerance for error and/or omission remarkable unless they are considered in the narrowest possible use-context. Similarly, they often presuppose shared knowledge (both of form and of content) that could only have existed in highly localized contexts. Further constraints on the use of these devices arise from preferences for facts that are constituted by the record, rather than recorded, and (at least in elite circles) for linear exposition on the model of oral discourse. As a consequence, on the one hand, Romans lived in a balkanized informational world. Persons in different “locations”—whether geographical, social, or occupational—would have had access to quite different informational resources, and the overall situation is thus not controlled by the needs of any particular class or group. On the other hand, seeming technological weakness often turn out to be illusory if we set them in their actual use-contexts.
Personhood in Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Anglophone Philosophy
Authors: Preston Aaron 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter surveys the respective influences of personalism and of analytic philosophy on twentieth-century thought about persons. It shows that personalism promoted a concept of personhood that is supportive of human dignity and conducive to positive moral and social engagement, as exemplified in personalism’s best-known representative, Martin Luther King, Jr. By contrast, the analytic tradition has exhibited a persistent tendency to undermine personhood as King and the personalists understood it, while failing to supply a metaphysically and morally adequate alternative. This unfortunate legacy is worth reversing if possible. With this in mind, I suggest that contemporary analytic philosophy has something important to learn from personalism concerning what counts as an adequate metaphysical basis for human dignity and the moral life.
Truth and Beauty
Authors: Moland Lydia L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides the framework for Hegel’s philosophy of art within his philosophical system, as found in Part I in his lectures on aesthetics. It describes art’s place as one moment of Absolute Spirit and discusses Hegel’s definition of beauty as the “sensible appearance of the Idea.” It recounts theories of art Hegel dismisses and then turns to the general components he claims art must have. Together, these components—for instance setting, situation, action, and character—allow humans to experience truth sensuously. When they fail, they contribute to ways that art can end. Finally, Hegel discusses aspects of the artistic process such as genius, inspiration, and originality.
Symbolic Art
Authors: Moland Lydia L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Symbolic art is the first of Hegel’s particular art forms. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Hegel conceptualized symbolic art as its own aesthetic sphere, distinct from classical and romantic art. This emphasis built on new research on “Oriental” cultures among several of his contemporaries such as Friedrich Creuzer, August Wilhelm Schlegel, and Wilhelm von Humboldt. Hegel distinguishes early, incomplete phases of symbolic art, such as unconscious and fantastical symbolism, from Egyptian art as the symbolic “as such.” He then traces the dissolution of symbolic art through the sublime and “conscious symbolism” such as fables, analogies, and parables. He concludes by indicating symbolic art’s prosaic ends in descriptive and didactic poetry.
Classical Art
Authors: Moland Lydia L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Hegel claims that the human body is the only physical form that can fully embody the divine. Classical Greek artists perfectly depicted this embodiment in their mythology and statues. Hegel traces the emergence of the human out of earlier evocations of nature as the divine and argues that the perfect repose of Phidian sculpture represents the complete interpenetration of spirit and nature. But once human subjectivity begins to develop, it ruptures this unity and precipitates classical art’s decline. Aristophanes, Hegel claims, achieved a late example of classical perfection in his comedies. But soon afterward, classical art dissolves into incomplete forms such as satire, domestic comedy, and merely pleasant sculpture. After this decline, art will never again achieve the highest level of beauty or regain its prominence in human culture.
The Sound of Feeling
Authors: Moland Lydia L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Music is the most subjective of the arts and is, in Hegel’s view, intimately linked to the self’s feeling of itself. We experience ourselves through time, and music—through rhythm, harmony, and melody—allows us to sense time. Hegel associates music with feeling that is not linked to content: it allows us to feel sadness, for instance, without being sad about a particular thing. Music can also elevate our emotions and allow us to transcend them. Hegel considers the relative value of independent music and music with text, concluding that while independent music may achieve music’s highest developmental potential, it can become less capable of evoking feeling and so fail to fulfill music’s essential task. This chapter also considers contemporary music in light of Hegel’s theory.
A Critical Examination and Reconceptualization of Humility
Authors: Leary Mark R. , Banker Chloe C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter critically examines psychological conceptualizations of humility and offers a novel integrative perspective that identifies the central psychological feature of humility. The gist of this approach is that, at its core, humility involves the recognition that, however great one’s personal accomplishments or positive characteristics may be, one is not fundamentally a more special person because of them and, thus, should not be viewed or treated as special outside the domain of one’s accomplishments or characteristics (and sometimes even within it). Our review of the literature demonstrates that research findings are largely consistent with the notion that the features of both state and trait humility are either antecedents of the recognition that one’s accomplishments and positive characteristics do not entitle one to be treated as a special person or are psychological or behavioral manifestations of that recognition.
Humility
Authors: Kesebir Pelin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter looks at humility as an approach to one’s self, others, and life in general that is most conducive to enduring happiness. After reviewing the existing empirical literature on how humility is associated with various well-being outcomes, the chapter provides a theoretical framework explaining this positive association. Specifically, it elaborates how humility enables people to relate to themselves, to reality, and to others in optimal ways, which is where enduring happiness lies. It is emphasized that a secure, non-fragile ego is a main ingredient of humility and underlies many of its happiness-related benefits. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of how humility can be cultivated.
Managing Diversity
Authors: Bloemraad Irene , Provine Doris Marie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Comparing the United States (U.S.) and Canadian responses to immigration in the context of each country’s civil rights struggles underscores the importance of history, geography, demography, and institutional structures in determining law and policy. Civil rights in the U.S. required a civil war over slavery and created an important role for courts to interpret constitutional mandates of equal treatment. Constitutionally enshrined individual rights came late to Canada and change occurred often through piecemeal legislative and bureaucratic action rather than litigation. Such differences in the trajectory of rights influence differences in immigration policy: active support and management of entry and integration in Canada versus an ambiguous welcome and laissez-faire incorporation in the U.S. Looking to the future, the political system and contentious views on immigration make policymaking difficult in the U.S., while Canadian policymakers enjoy more public support and flexibility as they take on the challenges and opportunities of immigration.
Writing for Love and Money on Three Continents
Authors: Vieira Kate 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter tells the story of the research. It first lays out the research question: How do transnational families’ experiences with migration-driven literacy learning shift across their lifespans in relation to changing political borders, economic circumstances, and technologies? It then describes the field sites in which the question was addressed: Latvia, Brazil, and the United States. Next, it outlines the reasoning behind the author’s methodological choices. Specifically, it elaborates on the author’s use of a comparative case study approach to develop the book’s central concept, “migration-driven literacy learning.” In doing so, the chapter describes how the project entailed both “reasearching across lives” and “researching across continents.” Finally, it offers a brief overview of the rest of the book.
Teaching Homeland Family
Authors: Vieira Kate 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Based on U.S.-based fieldwork with two multigenerational families, this chapter details the implications of participating in writing remittance circuits for migrants themselves. For both families, the ties to home they concretized through writing remittances enriched their literacy and language learning stateside, both as means to meet their goals in conditions of injustice and as an expression of familial love. As members of these families circulated literacy from host country to homeland and back, it appeared to accrue, amounting to a grassroots transnational family network of literacy “funds” that they could call on in support of their aspirations in a hostile U.S. context. In this way, this chapter builds on and expands concepts of “funds of knowledge” to reveal migration, and the communicative practices associated with it, as a family-based pedagogical resource.
Afterword
Authors: Vieira Kate 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The short afterword addresses the role of mothers in transnational families. Here is a sample: In a context of the rapid movement of people and of writing, I have tried in these pages to momentarily bring into focus the blurred images that can result from going too fast. In this process, I have fished for a through line, a narrative, a story that would in some way bind together the meanings that are often rearranged by familial separation. I have written these pages as a hopeful gesture, as a way to participate in the possibility of wholeness. To guide me in this work, I have looked to the mothers.
Truth in Journalism
Authors: Soysal Zeynep 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In order to fulfill their role in society, professional journalists must deliver truths. But truth-telling is not the only requirement of the goal of journalism. What is more, some of the other requirements of journalism can make it difficult for journalists to deliver truths and may even force them to depart from truth in certain ways. This chapter makes the requirements of the goal of journalism explicit, and explains how conflicts among them can arise. The chapter then offers some suggestions for balancing these requirements that could help journalists regain the trust of the public.
Searching for Truth in Fragmented Spaces
Authors: Agur Colin , Belair-Gagnon Valerie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Since their emergence in 2011, mobile chat applications have gained massive user bases and given enterprising reporters a new challenge: verify truth in a set of fragmented public and private digital conversations involving journalists and audiences. This fragmentation fosters an intimacy and frankness among participants that, for journalists privy to these conversations, can deepen reporting and enhance storytelling. However, the closed nature of so many conversations means that notions of truth are highly contextual. For those who wish for a shared set of facts, chat apps pose troubling questions, such as: How can widely held truths endure as a rapidly growing form of communication encourages further political polarization and fragmentation of conversations, interpretations, and notions of truth? This chapter explores these questions, drawing on a study of 30+ interviews with reporters at major news organizations, examining the ways that reporters have used chat apps to verify claims in coverage of political unrest.
Fake News Finds an Audience
Authors: Bucy Erik P. , Newhagen John E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The vulnerabilities shown by media systems and individual users exposed to attacks on truth from fake news and computational propaganda in recent years should be considered in light of the characteristics and concerns surrounding big data, especially the volume and velocity of messages delivered over social media platforms that tax the average user’s capacity to determine their truth value in real time. For reasons explained by the psychology of information processing, a high percentage of fake news that reaches audiences is accepted as true, particularly when distractions and interruptions typify user experiences with technology. As explained in this essay, fake news thrives in environments lacking editorial policing and epistemological vigilance, making the social media milieu ideally suited for spreading false information. In response, we suggest the value of an educational strategy to combat the dilemma that digital disinformation poses to informed citizenship.
Saving Democracy from Ourselves
Authors: Fung Archon 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Though we all depend upon democracy, each of us in our public and civic roles is motivated to act in ways that deplete its sustaining conditions. In this chapter, Archon Fung proposes that one part of the solution to this problem is a thicker professional and civic ethics. The argument has three components. The first is a basic account of democratic governance that advances procedural and output legitimacy. In order to produce legitimacy, however, democracy has five sociopolitical “underwriting” conditions: commitment to process over outcome, social coherence, a spirit of compromise, responsive government, and epistemic integrity. Finally, different kinds of actors—politicians, media professionals, and citizens—have powerful self-interested motives to pollute “the commons” of democracy. Each of these role-specific discussions develops a set of ethical commitments that actors should adopt to sustain democracy instead of undermining it.
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged People
Authors: Marmot Michael , Bell Ruth 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses health inequalities and focuses on social determinants of health. Inequalities in health relate fundamentally to inequalities in society. Overall health and inequalities in health in a population are indicators of how successful a society is meeting the needs of its members. The chapter describes the substantial differences among socioeconomic groups in life expectancy, infant and child mortality rates, and other measures of health status. It describes in detail various studies that provide an understanding of the role that social determinants play in affecting health status and access to healthcare. It examines the roles that lifestyle factors, such as smoking, poor diet, and sedentary habits, play in affecting health status. The chapter concludes by addressing what needs to be done to address health inequalities. Governments can address health inequalities by the way they channel resources to improve the conditions under which people live and work.
Women
Authors: Maranto Gina 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses several major issues of social injustice as they adversely affect the health and well-being of women. The chapter begins with a discussion of new modes of social action supporting women and women’s rights, starting with the 2017 Women’s March. Sections of the chapter address violence, war, and forced migration; sustainability and gender equity; family planning and related issues; abortion; infertility and assisted reproduction; and other issues. The final section of the chapter examines what needs to be done to address these issues, with an emphasis on violence, sustainability and gender equity, and reproductive and health issues.
Incarcerated People
Authors: Drucker Ernest 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The United States has 5% of the world’s population, but 25% of all prisoners. At any given time, more than 7 million Americans are under the control of the criminal justice system. The U.S. national incarceration rate is the highest in the world—almost 750 per 100,000 people. The operation of private “for-profit” prisons has become a significant feature of the U.S. correctional system. This chapter describes how social injustice affects the health of incarcerated people and their families. In addition, it addresses the root and underlying issues related to the high incarceration rate in the United States. The chapter addresses what needs to be done, including reducing incarceration for nonviolent offenders, improving community services, improving prison health services, reforming drug laws, providing assistance to family members, and enabling former prisoners to vote. A text box addresses political prisoners in other countries.