bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired early‐phase suppression of glucagon secretion after glucose load is associated with insulin requirement during pregnancy in gestational diabetes
Authors: Horie Ichiro , Haraguchi Ai , Ito Ayako , Nozaki Aya , Natsuda Shoko , Akazawa Satoru , Mori Yoshitaka , Ando Takao , Higashijima Ai , Hasegawa Yuri , Yoshida Atsushi , Miura Kiyonori , Masuzaki Hideaki , Kawakami Atsushi , Abiru Norio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe role of glucagon abnormality has recently been reported in type 2 diabetes; however, its role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still unknown. The glucose intolerance in GDM is heterogeneous, and not all patients require insulin treatment during pregnancy. Here, we investigated whether glucagon abnormality is associated with the requirement for insulin treatment during pregnancy.Materials and MethodsA total of 49 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were enrolled. They underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test during mid‐gestation, and we measured their plasma glucagon levels (by a new sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) at fasting (0 min), and at 30, 60 and 120 min after glucose load in addition to the levels of plasma glucose and serum insulin. All participants underwent another oral glucose tolerance test at postpartum.ResultsOf the 49 patients, 15 required insulin treatment (Insulin group) and 34 were treated with diet therapy alone until delivery (Diet group). The early‐phase glucagon secretion after glucose load, as determined by the changes in glucagon from the baseline to 30 min, was paradoxically augmented during mid‐gestation in the Insulin group, but not in the Diet group. The impaired glucagon suppression during mid‐gestation in the Insulin group was not associated with insulin secretory/sensitivity indexes studied, and was ameliorated postpartum, although the plasma glucose levels remained higher in the Insulin group versus the Diet group.ConclusionsImpaired early‐phase suppression of glucagon could be associated with the requirement for insulin treatment during pregnancy in patients with GDM.
Gastrointestinal symptoms, gastrointestinal bleeding and the role of diet in patients with autoimmune blistering disease: a survey of the International Pemphigus and Pemphigoid Foundation
Authors: Kneiber D. , Kowalski E.H. , Kridin K. , Yale M.L. , Grando S.A. , Amber K.T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune blistering diseases are a group of severe mucocutaneous conditions that typically require the use of prolonged corticosteroids and immunosuppression. Properly managing associated comorbidities is an integral part of these patients’ care. The frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly gastrointestinal bleeding in these patients, is not known. Likewise, the effect of diet on disease is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of gastrointestinal comorbidities and the role of diet in patients with autoimmune blistering disease.MethodsWe distributed an e‐survey to patients with autoimmune blistering disease utilizing the International Pemphigus and Pemphigoid Foundation's listserv. The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms and gastrointestinal bleeding were recorded, as were foods avoided and those noted to be beneficial in patients' disease. Historical incidences in the general population were used as controls.ResultsA total of 200 responses were collected. 30.3% of patients experienced gastroesophageal reflux following treatment of their autoimmune blistering disease, with 51.7% utilizing some form of gastrointestinal symptomatic treatment. The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding following an autoimmune blistering diagnosis was 2.1%, which remained significant despite correction for non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory use (NSAID), but not corticosteroid use. 65.2% of patients reported dietary limitations because of their autoimmune blistering disease. Significant intolerances after correction for multiple comparisons included alcohol, citrus and spicy foods. Greater than 10% of patients reported improvements in their disease with vegetables and dairy.ConclusionsGastrointestinal comorbidities are common in patients with autoimmune blistering diseases, with gastrointestinal bleeding occurring in 2.1% of patients following a diagnosis of autoimmune blistering disease. While further work is needed to determine the relative risk of routine gastrointestinal prophylaxis in this population, gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis should be considered in patients receiving corticosteroids, particularly those taking NSAIDs. Dietary limitations are additionally frequent in this population. Patients should be cautious of alcohol, citrus and spicy foods.
Frontal fibrosing alopecia: demographic and clinical characteristics of 490 cases
Authors: Kanti V. , Constantinou A. , Reygagne P. , Vogt A. , Kottner J. , Blume‐Peytavi U. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundFrontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a cicatricial alopecia mostly affecting the frontotemporal hairline. Its aetiology and associated factors remain unclear.Objective and methodsAn observational, cross‐sectional and descriptive study was conducted in France and Germany to identify demographic and health characteristics associated with the severity of FFA.ResultsOf 490 included patients, 95% were female, of which 84% were postmenopausal. Age at onset of FFA symptoms ranged between 15 and 89 years, but diagnosis was frequently delayed up to 24 years. Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index scores were low (median 1.8, IQR 1.0 to 3.5). Thyroid function disorders were reported in 13% of men and 35% of women. Abnormal blood lipid levels were found in 42% of tested men and 47% of women. In the bivariate analyses, LPPAI scores were negatively correlated with abnormal testosterone (rs = −0.775) and oestrogen values (rs = −0.664), regular use of face cleaning products (rs = −0.465), hair colourants (rs = −0.679) and hairspray (rs = −0.500).ConclusionsThe most common comorbidity was thyroid disease, with proportions higher than in the European population, possibly reflecting a role of thyroid hormones in FFA pathogenesis. The association of abnormal testosterone and oestrogen values with lesser disease activity needs to be explored in further studies. Our correlation analyses do not support a role of leave‐on cosmetic products in the pathophysiology of FFA.
Sex differences in the peripubertal response to a short‐term, high‐fat diet intake
Authors: Freire‐Regatillo Alejandra , Fernández‐Gómez María J. , Díaz Francisca , Barrios Vicente , Sánchez‐Jabonero Ismael , Frago Laura M. , Argente Jesús , García‐Segura Luis Miguel , Chowen Julie A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObesity is one of the most important health problems facing developed countries because being overweight is associated with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer, as well as other comorbidities. Although increased weight gain results from a combination of poor dietary habits and decreased energy expenditure, not all individuals have equal propensities to gain weight or to develop secondary complications of obesity. This is partially a result not only of genetics, including sex, but also the time during which an individual is exposed to an obesogenic environment. In the present study, we have compared the response of male and female mice to short‐term exposure to a high‐fat diet (HFD) or a low‐fat diet during the peripubertal period (starting at 42 days of age) because this is a stage of dramatic hormonal and metabolic modifications. After 1 week on a HFD, there was no significant increase in body weight, although females significantly increased their energy intake. Serum leptin levels increased in both sexes, even though no change in fat mass was detected. Glyceamia and homeostasis model assessment increased in males, suggesting a rapid change in glucose metabolism. Hypothalamic pro‐opiomelanocortin mRNA levels were significantly higher in females on a HFD compared to all other groups, which may be an attempt to reduce their increased energy intake. Hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis have been implicated in the development of secondary complications of obesity; however, no indication of activation of inflammatory processes or gliosis was found in response to 1 week of HFD in the hypothalamus, hippocampus or cerebellum of these young mice. These results indicate that there are both sex and age effects in the response to poor dietary intake because peripubertal male and female mice respond differently to short‐term dietary changes and this response is different from that reported in adult rodents.
A review and guide to drug‐associated oral adverse effects—Oral mucosal and lichenoid reactions. Part 2
Authors: Teoh Leanne , Moses Geraldine , McCullough Michael J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDental practitioners and other health professionals commonly encounter and manage adverse medicine effects that manifest in the orofacial region. Numerous medicines are associated with a variety of oral adverse effects. However, due to lack of awareness and training, these side effects are not always associated with medicine use and are underreported to pharmacovigilance agencies by dentists and other health professionals. This article aims to inform health professionals about the various oral adverse effects that can occur and the most commonly implicated drugs to improve the management, recognition and reporting of adverse drug effects. This article follows on from Part 1; however, the focus here is on lichenoid reactions and oral mucosal disorders including oral aphthous‐like ulceration, mucositis and bullous disorders such as drug‐induced pemphigus, pemphigoid, Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Melatonin receptors in Atlantic salmon stimulate cAMP levels in heterologous cell lines and show season‐dependent daily variations in pituitary expression levels
Authors: Ciani Elia , Fontaine Romain , Maugars Gersende , Mizrahi Naama , Mayer Ian , Levavi‐Sivan Berta , Weltzien Finn‐Arne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe hormone melatonin connects environmental cues, such as photoperiod and temperature, with a number of physiological and behavioural processes, including seasonal reproduction, through binding to their cognate receptors. This study reports the structural, functional and physiological characterization of five high‐affinity melatonin receptors (Mtnr1aaα, Mtnr1aaβ, Mtnr1ab, Mtnr1al, Mtnr1b) in Atlantic salmon. Phylogenetic analysis clustered salmon melatonin receptors into three monophyletic groups, Mtnr1A, Mtnr1Al and Mtnr1B, but no functional representative of the Mtnr1C group. Contrary to previous studies in vertebrates, pharmacological characterization of four receptors in COS‐7, CHO and SH‐SY5Y cell lines (Mtnr1Aaα, Mtnr1Aaβ, Mtnr1Ab, Mtnr1B) showed induction of intracellular cAMP levels following 2‐iodomelatonin or melatonin exposure. No consistent response was measured after N‐acetyl‐serotonin or serotonin exposure. Melatonin receptor genes were expressed at all levels of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐gonad axis, with three genes (mtnr1aaβ, mtnr1ab and mtnr1b) detected in the pituitary. Pituitary receptors displayed daily fluctuations in mRNA levels during spring, prior to the onset of gonadal maturation, but not in autumn, strongly implying a direct involvement of melatonin in seasonal processes regulated by the pituitary. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cAMP induction mediated via melatonin receptors in a teleost species.
Being other: Intersubjectivity, allocentrism and the possible
Authors: Glaveanu Vlad Petre 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper engages with the issues of intersubjectivity by raising three main questions about it: What is the status of the other and of the perspective of the other? How would a social ontology that starts from the other look like? and What is the relation between intersubjectivity and the possible? In addressing these questions, I propose four main approaches to self–other relations, each one focused on a different set of theories of intersubjectivity: cognitive (being self), pragmatist (becoming other), dialogical (becoming self), and allocentric (being other). Their main premises, processes, theories and proponents, as well as implications for ethics and the emergence of novelty, are reflected on in turn. Allocentrism emerges as a useful way to shift the focus from self to other in discussions of intersubjectivity, as an ontological condition of the possible, but also as a difficult position to adopt in practice, particularly in polarized societies.
Identification of a meteoritic component using chromium isotopic composition of impact rocks from the Lonar impact structure, India
Authors: Mougel Berengere , Moynier Frederic , Koeberl Christian , Wielandt Daniel , Bizzarro Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe existence of mass‐independent chromium isotope variability of nucleosynthetic origin in meteorites and their components provides a means to investigate potential genetic relationship between meteorites and planetary bodies. Moreover, chromium abundances are depleted in most surficial terrestrial rocks relative to chondrites such that Cr isotopes are a powerful tool to detect the contribution of various types of extra‐terrestrial material in terrestrial impactites. This approach can thus be used to constrain the nature of the bolide resulting in breccia and melt rocks in terrestrial impact structures. Here, we report the Cr isotope composition of impact rocks from the ~0.57 Ma Lonar crater (India), which is the best‐preserved impact structure excavated in basaltic target rocks. Results confirm the presence of a chondritic component in several bulk rock samples of up to 3%. The impactor that created the Lonar crater had a composition that was most likely similar to that of carbonaceous chondrites, possibly a CM‐type chondrite.
An Adversarial Risk Analysis Framework for Cybersecurity
Authors: Rios Insua David , Couce‐Vieira Aitor , Rubio Jose A. , Pieters Wolter , Labunets Katsiaryna , G. Rasines Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRisk analysis is an essential methodology for cybersecurity as it allows organizations to deal with cyber threats potentially affecting them, prioritize the defense of their assets, and decide what security controls should be implemented. Many risk analysis methods are present in cybersecurity models, compliance frameworks, and international standards. However, most of them employ risk matrices, which suffer shortcomings that may lead to suboptimal resource allocations. We propose a comprehensive framework for cybersecurity risk analysis, covering the presence of both intentional and nonintentional threats and the use of insurance as part of the security portfolio. A simplified case study illustrates the proposed framework, serving as template for more complex problems.
Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and associated diseases in Latin America
Authors: Eusebio‐Ponce Emiliana , Candel Francisco Javier , Anguita Eduardo 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis narrative review, which is based on a systematic literature search following the PRISMA guidelines, provides a general overview of Human T‐cell Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) and associated diseases: Adult T‐cell Leukaemia–Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV‐1‐Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in Latin America, focusing on epidemiology and prevention. Using the published information on HTLV‐1, ATLL and HAM/TSP prevalence, we present comprehensive and accurate maps and tables, and developed an algorithm to assist in the prevention of HTLV‐1 transmission through breastfeeding while considering socio‐economic status. Latin America is an interesting scenario to study HTLV‐1 because of the diverse origin of its population. Apart from the expected high prevalence in inhabitants of African ancestry, the presence of endemic foci affecting indigenous populations is particularly striking. ATLL prevention is the biggest challenge in this field. Most ATLL cases are transmitted through breastfeeding; thus, prevention methods to avoid ATLL in endemic countries have to be focused on this. In view of the high inequality in most Latin American countries, reduction in breastfeeding duration, freezing/thawing and pasteurisation of breastmilk can be suitable interventions in poor settings, considering that avoiding the risk of malnutrition and infant mortality must be the priority.
Infection, colonization and shedding of Campylobacter and Salmonella in animals and their contribution to human disease: A review
Authors: Rukambile Elpidius , Sintchenko Vitali , Muscatello Gary , Kock Richard , Alders Robyn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLivestock meat and offal contribute significantly to human nutrition as sources of high‐quality protein and micronutrients. Livestock products are increasingly in demand, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income settings where economies are growing and meat is increasingly seen as an affordable and desirable food item. Demand is also driving intensification of livestock keeping and processing. An unintended consequence of intensification is increased exposure to zoonotic agents, and a contemporary emerging problem is infection with Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. from livestock (avian and mammalian), which can lead to disease, malabsorption and undernutrition through acute and chronic diarrhoea. This can occur at the farm, in households or through the food chain. Direct infection occurs when handling livestock and through bacteria shed into the environment, on food preparation surfaces or around the house and surroundings. This manuscript critically reviews Campylobacter and Salmonella infections in animals, examines the factors affecting colonization and faecal shedding of bacteria of these two genera as well as risk factors for human acquisition of the infection from infected animals or environment and analyses priority areas for preventive actions with a focus on resource‐poor settings.
Core temperature after birth in babies with neonatal encephalopathy in a sub‐Saharan African hospital setting
Authors: Enweronu‐Laryea Christabel , Martinello Kathryn A , Rose Maggie , Manu Sally , Tann Cally J , Meek Judith , Ahor‐Essel Kojo , Boylan Geraldine B , Robertson Nicola J 
Published: June 2019

Key points
Therapeutic hypothermia (HT) to 33.0–34.0°C for 72 h provides optimal therapy for infants with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) in high‐resource settings. HT is not universally implemented in low‐ and middle‐income countries as a result of both limited resources and evidence.
Facilitated passive cooling, comprising infants being allowed to passively lower their body temperature in the days after birth, is an emerging practice in some West African neonatal units.
In this observational study, we demonstrate that infants undergoing facilitated passive cooling in a neonatal unit in Accra, Ghana, achieve temperatures within the HT target range ∼20% of the 72 h. Depth of HT fluctuates and can be excessive, as well as not maintained, especially after 24 h.
Sustained and deeper passive cooling was evident for severe NE and for those that died.
It is important to prevent excessive cooling, to understand that severe NE babies cool more and to be aware of facilitated passive cooling with respect to the design of clinical trials in low‐ and mid‐resource settings.
AbstractNeonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a significant worldwide problem with the greatest burden in sub‐Saharan Africa. Therapeutic hypothermia (HT), comprising the standard of care for infants with moderate‐to‐severe NE in settings with sophisticated intensive care, is not available to infants in many sub‐Saharan African countries, including Ghana. We prospectively assessed the temperature response in relation to outcome in the 80 h after birth in a cohort of babies with NE undergoing ‘facilitated passive cooling’ at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana. We hypothesized that NE infants demonstrate passive cooling. Thirteen infants (69% male) ≥36 weeks with moderate‐to‐severe NE were enrolled. Ambient mean ± SD temperature was 28.3 ± 0.7°C. Infant core temperature was 34.2 ± 1.2°C over the first 24 h and 35.0 ± 1.0°C over 80 h. Nadir mean temperature occurred at 15 h. Temperatures were within target range for HT with respect to 18 ± 14% of measurements within the first 72 h. Axillary temperature was 0.5 ± 0.2°C below core. Three infants died before discharge. Core temperature over 80 h for surviving infants was 35.3 ± 0.9°C and 33.96 ± 0.7°C for those that died (P = 0.043). Temperature profile negatively correlated with Thompson NE score on day 4 (r2 = 0.66): infants with a Thompson score of 0–6 had higher temperatures than those with a score of 7–15 (P = 0.021) and a score of 16+/deceased (P = 0.007). More severe NE was associated with lower core temperatures. Passive cooling is a physiological response after hypoxia–ischaemia; however, the potential neuroprotective effect of facilitated passive cooling is unknown. An awareness of facilitated passive cooling in babies with NE is important for the design of clinical trials of neuroprotection in low and mid resource settings.
Effect of channel tributaries on the evolution of submarine channel confluences (Espírito Santo Basin, SE Brazil)
Authors: Qin Yongpeng , Alves Tiago M. , Constantine José Antonio , Gamboa Davide , Wu Shiguo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConfluences are geomorphologic features fed by distinct channel tributaries that record the contribution of multiple sediment sources. They are key features of both fluvial and submarine channels in geomorphologic and sedimentologic terms. Here, we use high-quality three-dimensional seismic data from SE Brazil to document the response of a submarine channel confluence to turbidity currents originating from a tributary. The studied channel system consists of a west tributary, an east tributary, and a postconfluence channel, with the last two comprising the main channel at present. Downstream from the confluence, changes in planform morphology and architecture were found due to the effect of turbidity currents sourced from the west tributary channel. A channel bend in the main channel curved toward the west when it was first formed but later curved toward the east, and so remains until the present day. This process led to the migration of the confluence point ∼500 m to the east, and changed the bed morphology from discordant (where the beds of tributaries and main channels meet at an unequal depth) to concordant (where the beds of tributaries and main channels meet at approximately the same depth). In addition to the channel bend near the confluence, two other bends further downstream recorded significant changes with time, increasing channel sinuosity from 1.11 to 1.72. These three channel bends near the confluence accumulated a large volume of sediment at their inner banks, generating depositional bars. Multiple channel forms within the depositional bars indicate the occurrence of large-scale lateral migration near the confluence. Hence, turbidity currents from the west tributary are shown to influence the submarine channel by promoting lateral channel migration, confluence migration, increases in channel sinuosity, and the formation of large depositional bars. These variations near the confluence reveal a change in tributary activity and a shift in sediment sources from east to west on the continental shelf. Such a shift suggests variations in sedimentary processes on the continental shelf probably due to avulsions on Doce River Delta.