bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taraxerone inhibits M1 polarization and alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by activating SIRT1
Authors: Deng Lang , Xie Weixi , Lin Miao , Xiong Dayan , Huang Lei , Zhang Xiaohua , Qian Rui , Huang Xiaoting , Tang Siyuan , Liu Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Acute lung injury (ALI) is the most lethal disease associated with sepsis, and there is a lack of effective drug treatment. As the major cells of sepsis-induced ALI, macrophages polarize toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype and secrete multiple inflammatory cytokines to accelerate the disease process through nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathways. Taraxerone, the main component of the Chinese medicinal Sedum, possesses numerous biological activities. However, uncertainty remains regarding the potential of taraxerone to protect against sepsis-induced ALI. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of taraxerone against ALI.

Methods
An animal model for ALI was established by cecal ligation and puncture and treated with taraxerone via intraperitoneal administration. The protective effect of taraxerone on the lungs was analyzed using H&E staining, dihydroethidium staining, ELISA kits, cell counting, myeloperoxidase kit, malondialdehyde kit, glutathione kit, superoxide dismutase kit and flow cytometry. Western blotting, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the regulatory of taraxerone on SIRT1.

Results
Our study demonstrates for the first time that taraxerone can activate SIRT1 in macrophages, promoting SIRT1 activity. This activation inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway primarily through the dephosphorylation and deacetylation of p65. Simultaneously, taraxerone disrupted the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway, thereby alleviating M1 polarization of macrophages and mitigating sepsis-induced pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. In vivo, EX527 was used to validate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects of taraxerone mediated by SIRT1.

Conclusion
SIRT1-mediated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects may be important targets for taraxerone in treating ALI.
Advances in pediatrics in 2023: choices in allergy, analgesia, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, global health, hematology, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, pulmonology
Authors: Caffarelli Carlo , Santamaria Francesca , Bozzola Elena , Tchana Bertrand , Piro Ettore , Buono Enrico Vito , Cunico Daniela , Cerchione Raffaele , Dorato Alessandro , Fontanella Cristina , Bernasconi Sergio , Corsello Giovanni 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the last year, there have been many remarkable articles published in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics. This review highlights papers that can be potentially helpful in healthcare practice among the most cited or accessed papers on the journal website. We have chosen key articles on allergy, analgesics, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, global health, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology and pulmonology. Advances in understanding risk factors, mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment options and prevention of pediatric diseases have been discussed and in the context of the subsequent steps. We think that progresses achieved in 2023 will have a significant impact on the management of diseases in childhood.
The long-term conditional mortality rate in older ICU patients compared to the general population
Authors: Aronsson Dannewitz Anna , Svennblad Bodil , Michaëlsson Karl , Lipcsey Miklos , Gedeborg Rolf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Understanding how preexisting comorbidities may interact with a critical illness is important for the assessment of long-term survival probability of older patients admitted to the ICU.

Material and methods
The mortality after a first ICU admission in patients ≥ 55 years old registered in the Swedish Intensive Care Registry was compared to age- and sex-matched individuals from the general population with a landmark after 1 year. The comparison was adjusted for age, sex, and baseline comorbidity using Cox regression.

Results
The 7-year study period included 140 008 patients, of whom 23% were 80 years or older. Patients surviving the first year remained at an increased risk compared to the general population, but much of this difference was attenuated after adjustment for baseline comorbidity (HR, 1.03; 95% CI 1.02–1.04). Excluding cardio-thoracic ICU admissions, the increased risk remained slightly elevated (adjusted HR, 1.15; 95% CI 1.13–1.16). Also, the subgroup ≥ 75 years old surviving the first year returned to a mortality rate comparable to the general population (HR, 0.98; 95% CI 0.96–0.99). Stratified by admission diagnosis an increased mortality rate remained beyond the first year for acute-on-chronic respiratory failure (adjusted HR, 1.47; 95% CI 1.36–1.58) but not for other respiratory causes (adjusted HR, 1.03; 95% CI 0.99–1.07) or admission for septic shock (adjusted HR, 1.04; 95% CI 0.95–1.13). No substantial increased mortality rate was notable beyond the first year for other admission diagnoses.

Conclusion
Older ICU patients that survive the first year after an ICU admission return to a mortality rate close to that of the general population having similar baseline comorbidity, but variability is seen depending on the ICU admission diagnosis.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06234709, date 02/01/2024.
QSPRpred: a Flexible Open-Source Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Modelling Tool
Authors: van den Maagdenberg Helle W. , Šícho Martin , Araripe David Alencar , Luukkonen Sohvi , Schoenmaker Linde , Jespers Michiel , Béquignon Olivier J. M. , González Marina Gorostiola , van den Broek Remco L. , Bernatavicius Andrius , van Hasselt J. G. Coen , van der Graaf Piet. H. , van Westen Gerard J. P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBuilding reliable and robust quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) models is a challenging task. First, the experimental data needs to be obtained, analyzed and curated. Second, the number of available methods is continuously growing and evaluating different algorithms and methodologies can be arduous. Finally, the last hurdle that researchers face is to ensure the reproducibility of their models and facilitate their transferability into practice. In this work, we introduce QSPRpred, a toolkit for analysis of bioactivity data sets and QSPR modelling, which attempts to address the aforementioned challenges. QSPRpred’s modular Python API enables users to intuitively describe different parts of a modelling workflow using a plethora of pre-implemented components, but also integrates customized implementations in a “plug-and-play” manner. QSPRpred data sets and models are directly serializable, which means they can be readily reproduced and put into operation after training as the models are saved with all required data pre-processing steps to make predictions on new compounds directly from SMILES strings. The general-purpose character of QSPRpred is also demonstrated by inclusion of support for multi-task and proteochemometric modelling. The package is extensively documented and comes with a large collection of tutorials to help new users. In this paper, we describe all of QSPRpred’s functionalities and also conduct a small benchmarking case study to illustrate how different components can be leveraged to compare a diverse set of models. QSPRpred is fully open-source and available at https://github.com/CDDLeiden/QSPRpred.Scientific ContributionQSPRpred aims to provide a complex, but comprehensive Python API to conduct all tasks encountered in QSPR modelling from data preparation and analysis to model creation and model deployment. In contrast to similar packages, QSPRpred offers a wider and more exhaustive range of capabilities and integrations with many popular packages that also go beyond QSPR modelling. A significant contribution of QSPRpred is also in its automated and highly standardized serialization scheme, which significantly improves reproducibility and transferability of models.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus degrades TANK-binding kinase 1 via chaperon-mediated autophagy to suppress type I interferon production and facilitate viral proliferation
Authors: Zhao Shuang-shuang , Qian Qisheng , Wang Yao , Qiao Songlin , Li Rui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has led to significant economic losses in the global swine industry. Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays a crucial role in the host’s resistance to PRRSV infection. Despite extensive research showing that PRRSV employs multiple strategies to antagonise IFN-I induction, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we have discovered that PRRSV inhibits the production of IFN-I by degrading TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) through chaperon-mediated autophagy (CMA). From a mechanistic standpoint, PRRSV nonstructural protein 2 (Nsp2) increases the interaction between the heat shock protein member 8 (HSPA8) and TBK1. This interaction leads to the translocation of TBK1 into lysosomes for degradation, mediated by lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A). As a result, the downstream activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the production of IFN-I are hindered. Together, these results reveal a new mechanism by which PRRSV suppresses host innate immunity and contribute to the development of new antiviral strategies against the virus.
Efficacy and safety of supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation to minimize sedation-related hypoxemia: a meta-analysis with GRADE approach
Authors: Chen I-Wen , Wang Wei-Ting , Lai Pei-Chun , Ho Chun-Ning , Lin Chien-Ming , Lin Yao-Tsung , Huang Yen-Ta , Hung Kuo-Chuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Hypoxemia is a common complication of sedation. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation (SJOV) in preventing hypoxemia during sedative procedures.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared SJOV with conventional oxygen therapy in sedated patients were searched in five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], and Google Scholar) from their inception to March 2024. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who developed hypoxia (SpO2 < 90%). The secondary outcomes included subclinical respiratory depression (90% ≤ SpO2 < 95%), severe hypoxemia (SpO2 < 75%), airway interventions, adverse events, hemodynamics, propofol dosage, and procedure time. The certainty of evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results
Twelve trials (n = 3058) were included in the analysis. The evidence suggests that SJOV results in a large reduction in the risk of hypoxemia (risk ratio [RR], 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.36; low certainty) and subclinical respiratory depression (RR, 0.40; low certainty) compared with the control. SJOV likely resulted in a large reduction in the risk of severe hypoxemia (RR, 0.22; moderate certainty). In addition, it may result in a large reduction in the need for jaw lift (RR, 0.22; low certainty) and mask ventilation (RR, 0.13; low certainty). The risk of sore throat probably increases with SJOV (RR, 1.71; moderate certainty), whereas SJOV may result in little to no difference in nasal bleeding (RR, 1.75; low certainty). Evidence is very uncertain regarding the effect of SJOV on hemodynamics (very low certainty) and procedure time (very low certainty). SJOV probably resulted in little to no difference in sedative doses between the groups (moderate certainty).

Conclusion
According to the GRADE approach, SJOV likely results in a large reduction in the risk of severe hypoxemia but probably increases the risk of sore throat. Compared with the control, evidence suggests that SJOV results in a large reduction in the risk of hypoxemia, subclinical respiratory depression, and the need for airway manipulation, with little to no difference in nasal bleeding. The integration of SJOV into clinical practice may help minimize hypoxemic events in at-risk patients.
Is the response of plant root systems to precipitation primarily driven by the rhizosphere soil?
Authors: Liu Yanling , Yan Yan , Chen Jiuyun , Lu Xuyang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Changes in precipitation alter soil moisture, thereby affecting the aboveground and belowground ecological processes. However, it remains unclear whether plant root systems alter these effects through rhizospheric processes. In this study, a precipitation control experiment was conducted in the alpine grassland of northern Tibet to simulate precipitation changes with a 50% decrease and 50% increase in precipitation. Nutrient and microbial biomass, root traits, and survival strategies in the rhizosphere and bulk soils of the dominant plant, Stipa purpurea, were analyzed for alterations under precipitation changes.

Results
Increased precipitation (IP) significantly decreased the rhizosphere soil total phosphorus and bulk soil ammonium nitrogen and increased the rhizosphere soil total potassium. Decreasing precipitation (DP) significantly increased the rhizosphere soil total potassium and decreased the bulk soil total potassium. DP significantly reduced microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in rhizosphere soil, while IP significantly increased the bulk soil MBC:MBP, soil C:P imbalance, and soil N:P imbalance. Along the PC1 axis, where the contribution of the traits was relatively large, it was possible to define the root economic spectrum. The root system of Stipa purpurea from the DP treatment was distributed on the conservative side of the economic spectrum, whereas that from the control and IP treatments were clustered on the acquisition side.

Conclusions
Increasing and decreasing precipitation mainly affected the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium in rhizosphere soil and the contents of ammonium nitrogen and total potassium in bulk soil of Stipa purpurea. The microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were mainly affected by a decrease in precipitation. Decreasing precipitation significantly reduced microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, but the rhizosphere MBC:MBN, MBC:MBP and MBN:MBP remained stable under the change of precipitation. Increasing precipitation exacerbated the C:P imbalance and N:P imbalance in bulk soil, and increased the demand for phosphorus by bulk microorganisms. Increased precipitation promoted root access to resources. The root system of Stipa purpurea in the context of precipitation changes was driven by rhizosphere nutrients and bulk microorganisms. This study is important for revealing plant–microbe–soil interactions in terrestrial ecosystems.
Experiences and impact of moral injury in human trafficking survivors: a qualitative study
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Murphy Dominic , Katona Cornelius , Curry Christina , Weldon Ella , Greenberg Neil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Research in recent years has increasingly highlighted the relationship between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and poor mental health outcomes. Human trafficking survivors often report exposure to many traumatic and PMIEs and given the complexities of trafficking exploitation, survivors may be especially vulnerable to moral injury. Despite this, no research has investigated experiences of PMIEs and moral injury in human trafficking survivors. The objective was to explore survivors’ experiences of PMIEs, the impact of PMIEs on wellbeing and functioning and the factors that may influence outcomes following PMIEs.

Method
Participants were seven human trafficking survivors from diverse backgrounds who had settled in the UK. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted via telephone. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Human trafficking survivors were found to experience multiple PMIEs, including transgressive acts committed by others and betrayal by trusted loved ones or those in positions of authority. Experiencing PMIEs contributed towards considerable psychological distress, including intense feelings of shame, anger and worthlessness, and negatively impacted survivors daily functioning. Formal support, especially practical help (e.g. warm clothing) and social support groups, were experienced as particularly beneficial.

Conclusions
This study provides some of the first evidence that human trafficking survivors may be vulnerable to moral injury and indicates the impact that exposure to PMIEs can have on functioning. Future work is needed to ensure that statutory organisations consider the potential for causing moral injury when interacting with human trafficking survivors and clinical care teams are equipped to provide tailored guidance and support.
Proximal aperture in Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch (Orchidaceae) pollen: a rare germination site for angiosperms
Authors: Purgina Carola , Grímsson Friðgeir , Ulrich Silvia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe pollen dispersal unit of the epidendroid species, Cephalanthera longifolia, is a soft pollinium consisting of loosely connected tetrads that are agglutinated by elastoviscin. With scanning electron microscopy, the reticulate exine is visible on the outer pollen grains of outer tetrads of a pollinium. The pollen grains are mostly arranged in planar-tetragonal tetrads or decussate tetrads and easily disintegrate into monads. Contrary to the inaperturate pollen in members of subfamily Epidendroideae known so far, C. longifolia exhibits ulcerate pollen. When pollen grains are attached in tetrads within a pollinium the apertures are obscured, as they are located on the proximal side of the pollen grains. The ulcus can only be observed when tetrads disintegrate, freeing the monads and exposing the proximal side of pollen grains for investigation by light and scanning electron microscopy. Proximal aperture configurations are rare among angiosperms and currently known only from few other species of flowering plants. This is the first report of an ulcerate proximal aperture within Orchidaceae.
Association between community violence exposure and teen parental firearm ownership: data from a nationally representative study
Authors: Pelletier Karissa R. , Pizarro Jesenia M. , Royan Regina , Sokol Rebeccah , Cunningham Rebecca M. , Zimmerman Marc A. , Carter Patrick M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Firearm injuries are the leading cause of death for U.S. adolescents. Given the prevalence of firearm ownership in the U.S., particularly among parental figures in homes with children and teens, and the relationship between firearm access and injury outcomes, it is vital to shed light on potential parental motivations for keeping firearms in their homes. The purpose of this analysis was to examine whether exposure to community violence is associated with parental firearm ownership.

Methods
Data from the Firearm Safety Among Children and Teens Consortium’s National Survey (6/24/2020-7/24/2020) was examined. The survey sample comprised parents/caregivers of high-school-age teens (age 14–18). The survey examined various measures, including firearm ownership, storage, community violence exposure, and sociodemographic characteristics. Stepwise logistic regression was used to examine the association between community violence exposure and parental firearm ownership.

Results
The study included 2,924 participants, with 45.1% identifying as male, 12.9% identifying as Hispanic, and 25.3% identifying as non-White. Among these participants, 43.1% reported firearm ownership, and 49.9% reported exposure to community violence. Regression models demonstrate that community violence exposure is associated with an increased likelihood of firearm ownership among parents/caregivers of high-school age teens (OR = 1.08, p < 0.05). Other significant predictors of firearm ownership among parents/caregivers included parent/caregiver age (OR = 0.99, p < 0.01), marital status (OR = 1.29, p < 0.05), and educational attainment (OR = 0.60, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The findings supported the hypothesis that community violence exposure was associated with an increased likelihood of parental firearm ownership, even after adjusting for potential confounders. These findings contribute to the existing literature by shedding light on the possible contributing factors for firearm ownership among parents/caregivers of teens. Public health interventions focused on raising awareness about the risks of firearm access in households with youths, providing counseling on locked storage practices, and offering resources for accessing secure firearm storage options, such as rapid access storage, may contribute to reducing firearm access among youth. Additionally, community-based initiatives focused on violence prevention and addressing the root causes of community violence can help create safer environments, thereby reducing the perceived need for accessible firearms in the home by parents and caregivers.
Computational-guided discovery of UDP-glycosyltransferases for lauryl glucoside production using engineered E. coli
Authors: Promubon Kasimaporn , Tathiya Kritsada , Panya Aussara , Pathom-Aree Wasu , Sattayawat Pachara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDefining suitable enzymes for reaction steps in novel synthetic pathways is crucial for developing microbial cell factories for non-natural products. Here, we developed a computational workflow to identify C12 alcohol-active UDP-glycosyltransferases. The workflow involved three steps: (1) assembling initial candidates of putative UDP-glycosyltransferases, (2) refining selection by examining conserved regions, and (3) 3D structure prediction and molecular docking. Genomic sequences from Candida, Pichia, Rhizopus, and Thermotoga, known for lauryl glucoside synthesis via whole-cell biocatalysis, were screened. Out of 240 predicted glycosyltransferases, 8 candidates annotated as glycosyltransferases were selected after filtering out those with signal peptides and identifying conserved UDP-glycosyltransferase regions. These proteins underwent 3D structure prediction and molecular docking with 1-dodecanol. RO3G, a candidate from Rhizopus delemar RA 99–880 with a relatively high ChemPLP fitness score, was selected and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). It was further characterized using a feeding experiment with 1-dodecanol. Results confirmed that the RO3G-expressing strain could convert 1-dodecanol to lauryl glucoside, as quantified by HPLC and identified by targeted LC-MS. Monitoring the growth and fermentation profiles of the engineered strain revealed that RO3G expression did not affect cell growth. Interestingly, acetate, a major fermentation product, was reduced in the RO3G-expressing strain compared to the GFP-expressing strain, suggesting a redirection of flux from acetate to other pathways. Overall, this work presents a successful workflow for discovering UDP-glycosyltransferase enzymes with confirmed activity toward 1-dodecanol for lauryl glucoside production.
Graphical abstract