bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework to integrate indigenous knowledge into disaster risk reduction to build disaster resilience: insights from rural South Africa
Authors: Motsumi Masego Mirriam , Nemakonde Livhuwani David 
Published: December 2024

PurposeFor millennia, indigenous or local knowledge (IK) has empowered rural communities particularly the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups to prepare for, cope with and survive disasters instead of relying on external help only. However, this knowledge has been ignored by practitioners and policymakers in favour of Western science and technology-based methods of disaster risk reduction (DRR) and response. This paper proposes a framework for integrating IK into DRR because we believe the simultaneous use of IK and modern DRR measures could increase the resilience of rural communities.Design/methodology/approachThe study finds solace in the pragmatism research philosophy which places emphasis on practical solutions and outcomes. The study followed a phenomenological approach of qualitative research with a total of 109 respondents participating in the study. The collected data were analysed thematically.FindingsParticipants in the study provided key insights into areas of interventions for improved integration of IK into DRR and these include, trust-building initiatives, recording and systematise traditional practices, developing localised, context-specific approaches to DRR planning and engaging traditional leaders, and increasing their participation in decision-making forums. We submit that the blending of modern and traditional techniques has the potential to create robust, adaptive systems for disaster preparedness, response and recovery, leading to safer and more resilient communities.Originality/valuePursuing an integrated approach to the use of IK and modern expert knowledge on DRR would be a step forward in addressing the fragmentation of the two knowledge systems.
Impact of state capacity on entrepreneurship: does national developmental and technological level matter?
Authors: Tipu Syed Awais Ahmad , Hussain M. Azhar , Sarker Abu Elias 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThe current study empirically examines the influence of state capacity on entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThis research draws upon the national measures of 118 countries and employs a more robust measure of state capacity.FindingsThe findings show a positive correlation between state capacity and entrepreneurship. However, the results reveal that the effect of state capacity on entrepreneurship is stronger in developing low-technology nations compared to developed high-technology nations.Research limitations/implicationsWhen available, future research could employ more recent data to estimate the effects of state capacity on entrepreneurship. In addition to developmental and technological levels, various other factors can also be explored such as national culture and welfare regime type.Practical implicationsThe current study enables policymakers to identify factors critical in developing state capacity. Policymakers can also have better-tailored approaches for developing targeted initiatives and establishing entrepreneurship-supportive regulative institutional arrangements.Originality/valueAvailable literature lacks in empirically examining the influence of state capacity on entrepreneurship. The current study attempts to fill this gap.
An integrated model to predict students’ online learning behavior in emerging economies: a hybrid SEM–ANN approach
Authors: Mathur Smriti , Tewari Alok , Vishnoi Sushant , Agarwal Vaishali 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
The online learning environment is a function of dynamic market forces constantly restructuring the e-learning landscape’s complete ecosystemcape. This study aims to propose an e-learning framework by integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to predict students’ Online Learning Readiness and Behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 406 students through a survey. The data were analysed using two-stage structural equation modelling and artificial neural network (ANN).

Findings
The study’s results revealed that perceived ubiquity (PUB) positively influences perceived ease of use, usefulness and attitude. Similarly, perceived mobility significantly influences perceived ease of use and attitude. Furthermore, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and perceived usefulness significantly influence readiness to learn online, which further influences students’ online learning behaviour. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) values obtained from the ANN analysis indicate the models’ predictive solid accuracy.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the existing literature by proposing an Online Learning Behaviour Model by integrating the TAM and the TPB frameworks in association with two additional constructs, PUB and Perceived Mobility. Secondly, this study proposes a unique triangulation framework of recommendations for learners, educators and policymakers.
Elevating service research in Africa
Authors: Heinonen Kristina , Adeola Ogechi 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
This study aims to assess the current state of service research in Africa, with the goal of identifying key areas for improvement. By examining both existing and emerging studies conducted by African researchers and those focused on Africa, the study seeks to advance research efforts that will benefit Africa’s service sector and its researchers.

Design/methodology/approach
This research combines a literature review of articles published in leading service journals by African-affiliated researchers with a qualitative study among African researchers conducting service research.

Findings
The findings highlight the micro-, meso- and macro-level implications for service research in Africa. The research develops a thoughtful reflection on service research and practice in Africa, considering both the unique challenges and opportunities of conducting service research in Africa, and offering insights for growth and development in the field.

Research limitations/implications
The focus was only on service research from the African perspective. This research has implications for how African-affiliated researchers can enhance their contributions to global service research, as well as how scholars worldwide can conduct service research within the African context.

Practical implications
This study highlights how advancing service research in Africa can drive economic and social growth and identify actionable pathways for sustainable development. By focusing on the contributions of African researchers, the study provides insights that can inform policy, industry practices and educational institutions and that are tailored to the region’s unique service landscape.

Social implications
The research highlights the importance of contextual grounding, inclusive collaboration and knowledge translation to deepen the understanding of localized challenges and solutions.

Originality/value
This article stands out by showcasing the distinctive perspectives of African scholars in service research, an area often underrepresented globally. It underscores the value of indigenous research in enhancing our understanding of Africa’s service economy and positions these insights as essential to advancing both local and global service research agendas.
From loss-making to profit-generated units: Haryana power discoms as a benchmarking model
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Kaur Jasvinder , Vashishtha Simmi 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to conduct a critical review of the operational and financial trends of Uttar Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited and Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited. Furthermore, the study aims to determine whether loss-making utilities would benefit from adopting the strategic model employed by Haryana.Design/methodology/approachTime series data from 2005–2006 to 2022–2023 is analysed using various significant accounting ratios and operational and financial performance parameters to assess the annual performance over the period.FindingsThe substantial operational and financial performance results of UHBVNL and DHBVNL indicate that from 2017 to 2018 onwards, the power discoms started performing well and are in an improving stage. These results create a strong profile for the utilities, suggesting that their model could be a viable solution for other loss-making power distribution companies.Practical implicationsAs a policy recommendation, rather than privatizing the discoms, authorities should study the strategic model of profit-making states like Haryana and implement it in other states without any political interference.Originality/valueThe relevant research questions addressed are: What best practices have Haryana power discoms adopted to enhance financial performance and minimize losses? What lessons can other loss-making state-owned power discoms learn from Haryana? Can Haryana power discoms be a benchmarking model for public and private discoms operating at a loss?
Functional traits of plant roots and Collembola determine their tri‐trophic interactions with soil microbes
Authors: Brousseau Pierre‐Marc , Forey Estelle , Santonja Mathieu , Chauvat Matthieu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Traditionally, leaf litter has been recognized as the main driver of the soil food web, but more recently roots have been shown to play an important role in fuelling soil organisms. Root functional traits were shown to have direct effects on microbes and Nematoda, but many knowledge gaps remain such as the effects of root traits on Collembola.

Here, in a microcosm experiment, we studied the tri‐trophic interactions between roots, microbes and Collembola in relation to 10 plant species individually. Eleven root traits were measured to test whether they have an influence on Collembola and microbe community structure and Collembola functional structure based on six traits. The interactions between microbes and Collembola were also tested.

Our results show that plant species identity significantly influences the structure of Collembola communities, and this variation is primarily explained by root traits and microbial communities. Collembola feeding traits based on mandibular morphology were useful to identify top‐down control on microbial communities. Our study also suggests that root traits such as fine root length and root diameter modify Collembola–microbe interactions, hypothetically by modifying soil porosity.

Overall, we obtained better results by looking at the whole system, rather than looking at bi‐trophic interactions. This illustrates the importance of a holistic approach when studying biotic interactions in soil ecosystems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Accounting for interspecies and intraspecies variation in swimming performance for fish passage solutions
Authors: Crawford Rachel M. B. , Gee Eleanor , Hicks Brendan , Nolte Dana , Dupont Deborah , Franklin Paul A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Across the globe, there are millions of in‐stream structures that fragment the world's river networks, acting as barriers that can impede the movements of fish. Designing effective solutions to accommodate fish communities requires information about the swimming abilities and behaviours of all species. This should account for different swimming modes, abilities, behaviours, and niches.

We investigated the swimming speeds of nine migratory New Zealand species to assess both inter‐ and intraspecies variation. We then calculated maximum traversable speeds for culverts of a given length, based on the endurance abilities of our lowest performing species (Galaxias maculatus).

Our findings reveal significant inter‐ and intraspecies variation in swimming speeds. Among the species studied, Galaxias brevipinnis, Galaxias argenteus, and Galaxias postvectis were the strongest swimmers. In contrast, Galaxias maculatus was one of the weakest swimmers. Body length positively correlated with Umax indicating that fish passage barriers select against the weakest swimming species, as well as smaller individuals within a species.

Maximum water speeds in a culvert must be lower than 0.3 m s−1, the previously assumed standard rule‐of‐thumb for New Zealand, to provide adequate passage for a high proportion of a weak‐swimming indicator species (Galaxias maculatus).

Synthesis and applications. Previous maximum traversable water speeds for fish passage designs have been based on average swimming ability, but this approach only enables fish that are better than the average swimmers of their species to overcome barriers. This study highlights the importance of evidence‐based designs for successful fish passage solutions to account for the ability of all fish. By considering differences between and within species, rather than assuming a ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ approach we can develop more effective passage solutions that better preserve fish communities.
Avian seed dispersal out of the forests: A view through the lens of Pleistocene landscapes
Authors: González‐Varo Juan P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Recent evidence supports that, prior to the impact of modern humans, the temperate zone of Europe was not dominated by a closed continuous forest, but consisted of heterogeneous landscapes with grasslands, light woodlands and forests. Until the late Pleistocene, this region held a diverse community of megaherbivores that maintained the open and semi‐open vegetation through grazing and browsing.

This new baseline is congruent with the fact that many European woody species are light‐demanding and fail to regenerate in the shaded interiors of temperate forests. Notably, most of these species are dispersed by frugivorous and seed‐caching animals, mostly birds.

Nowadays, avian seed dispersers play a key role for the connectivity and expansion of woodland patches in fragmented anthropogenic landscapes. Indeed, avian seed dispersal within and across the deforested matrix is the norm rather than the exception.

Here, I reflect on the current patterns of avian seed dispersal in the fragmented anthropogenic landscapes of Europe from a Pleistocene perspective. The aim of this exercise is to discuss linkages between past and present landscapes, seeking an historical understanding of the high spatial complementarity of avian seed dispersal in and out of the forests.

Synthesis: I conclude that the spatial patterns of avian seed dispersal in anthropogenic landscapes are congruent with an ecological and evolutionary history with open and semi‐open habitats created and maintained by megaherbivores (ecological memory). By shaping the environmental conditions for millions of years, megaherbivores would have created selective pressures on animals and plants for life in landscape mosaics with forests and open habitats (niche construction). Finally, I discuss differences in landscape patterns today and in the Pleistocene, as well as the generality of these ideas to other biogeographical regions.
How do masses react to party polarization? Limited effect of party polarization on mass polarization
Authors: ÇAKıR SEMIH 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElite ideological polarization is rising in Western democracies. Is this elite ideological polarization associated with mass ideological polarization? I argue that when a party adopts a more extreme position, the masses polarize via two mechanisms. In‐partisans should follow the party and adopt a more extreme ideological stance while out‐partisans should backlash and move in the opposite direction. To test these expectations, I exploit a real‐world sudden party polarization when the Labour Party of the United Kingdom suddenly shifted to the left under new leadership. Using British Election Study Internet Panel data, I find limited evidence that elite polarization leads to mass polarization. Overall, neither in‐partisans followed the party, nor out‐partisans backlashed to it. Only ideologically out‐of‐touch in‐partisans adjusted their ideological stance to match their party, indicating the effectiveness of partisan cues, nonetheless. These findings provide insight into how the masses react to increasing party polarization, alleviating pundits' concerns that the masses are blind followers and bound to polarize if political parties polarize.
Criterion validity of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria for malnutrition diagnosis compared with the Subjective Global Assessment: Results from a large observational study
Authors: O'Connor Jackie , van Veenendaal Nicholas , Gallo Rebecca , Griffin Hilda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the criterion validity of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria compared to the subjective global assessment in a diverse inpatient population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was a retrospective analysis of point prevalence audit data. The prevalence of malnutrition determined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria was compared to the Subjective Global Assessment. Validity statistics were determined using all of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria concurrently as well as each pair that could be used to diagnose malnutrition. Subgroup analysis was undertaken based on severe malnutrition, treatment group, age and body mass index.ResultsNine hundred and eighty‐one patients were included (65.1 ± 18.6 years, 54.8% male). The prevalence of malnutrition was 36.7% using the Subjective Global Assessment and 36.1% using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria. More patients were classified as severely malnourished using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria (9.8% vs. 6.0%), whilst more rehabilitation patients were classified as malnourished using the Subjective Global Assessment (42.2% vs. 33.6%). The criterion validity of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria was good, with a sensitivity of 92.5% (95% CI 90.9–94.2) and specificity of 96.6% (95% CI 95.5–97.8). There was a downward trend in sensitivity with increasing body mass index and a lower sensitivity in the rehabilitation population. The criterion validity was fair at best when each pair of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria was considered independently of other criteria.ConclusionsWhen all criteria are considered concurrently, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria present good criterion validity and can be applied in clinical practice to diagnose malnutrition.
Assessing spider community structure and ecological dynamics across urban and natural environments
Authors: Do Yuno , Kim Dae‐Hee , Park Woong‐Bae , Park Siae , Lee Ji‐Eun , Kim Baek‐Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study explores the diversity and distribution of spider populations across urban and natural‐semi natural habitats in Gongju‐si, South Korea. This study aims to investigate the ecological dynamics of spider populations across different habitat types and assess their implications for urban planning, particularly in terms of maintaining biodiversity through habitat heterogeneity and informed urban development strategies. Employing methodologies such as sweeping, manual collection, and pit‐fall traps, the research identifies 128 spider species and evaluates alpha and beta diversity, nestedness, and species interactions using advanced statistical and ecological tools. The findings indicate significant variations in spider diversity across different habitats, with urban areas exhibiting notable biodiversity despite human influences. Natural habitats, especially forests, demonstrate higher biodiversity and more intricate species interactions. Nestedness analysis reveals distinct community structures across habitats, while association rule learning highlights complex interspecies relationships. The study underscores the importance of maintaining habitat heterogeneity and incorporating ecological principles in urban planning to support biodiversity. It offers valuable insights into the roles of various habitats in ecological networks, emphasizing the necessity for balanced urban development and effective conservation strategies.
Climate and Socio‐Sexual Environment Predict Interpopulation Variation in Chemical Signaling Glands in a Widespread Lizard
Authors: Romero‐Diaz Cristina , Gómez Ramírez Fernando , Aguilar Prem , Marešová Petra , Font Enrique , Pérez i De Lanuza Guillem 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMany animal species show considerable intraspecific phenotypic variation. For species with broad distributions, this variation may result from heterogeneity in the strength and agents of selection across environments and could contribute to reproductive isolation among populations. Here, we examined interpopulation variation in a morphological trait related to chemical communication, femoral pore number (FP), using 3437 individuals from 55 Pyrenean populations of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis). Specifically, we tested the relative roles of genetic relatedness and gene flow, and adaptation to local conditions in generating this variation, with particular interest in the influence of climate and the socio‐sexual environment (i.e., the intensity of sexual selection, estimated using sexual size dimorphism [SSD] and adult sex ratio as proxy measures). We found significant interpopulation variation and sexual dimorphism in FP, as well as high genomic differentiation among populations driven by both geographic and environmental distances. Specifically, FP differences across populations were best predicted by a combination of positive allometry and the local intensity of sexual selection, as determined by SSD, or local climatic conditions. Higher FP in more male‐competitive environments, or with higher temperature and vegetation complexity, is consistent with adaptation to maintaining signaling efficacy of territorial scent marks. These results suggest that adaptation to local conditions contributes to interpopulation divergence in FP and thus environmental changes can potentially impact the fine‐tuning of chemical communication mediating social and sexual behavior.