bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using self‐report to explore the relationship between anxiety and quality of life in children on the autism spectrum
Authors: Adams Dawn , Clark Megan , Keen Deb 
Published: June 2019

Anxiety is now recognized as one of the most common conditions that co‐occur with autism. While there has been increased research describing the typical and autism‐specific anxiety symptomatology and assessing the effectiveness of potential interventions, there has been less research exploring the impact that elevated anxiety may have on an individual and their quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to explore the impact of anxiety on the QoL in children on the autism spectrum. Children and young adolescents on the spectrum were invited to participate in a self‐report study measuring anxiety and health‐related QoL (HRQoL). The sample consisted of 71 children, aged 6–13. Children who scored above the cut off for elevated anxiety on the autism‐specific measure of anxiety (ASC‐ASD) had poorer total HRQoL and poorer scores on the social, emotional, physical, and school functioning QoL domains. Regression analyses indicate that children's self‐reported ratings of difficulties with uncertainty on the ASC‐ASD predicted all domains of HRQoL, with higher levels of difficulty with uncertainty predicting poorer HRQoL. Elevated levels of anxious arousal were also predictive of poorer physical functioning. This study highlights the importance of exploring the impact of anxiety on individuals on the spectrum and suggests that using carefully planned interventions to reduce difficulties with uncertainty may be a potential way to work toward improving the QoL of children on the spectrum. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1505–1515. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryResearch has shown us that individuals on the autism spectrum are more likely to have poor “quality of life” or general well‐being. Because many individuals with a diagnosis on the autism spectrum also receive a diagnosis of anxiety, this study looked at whether a child's autism symptoms or their anxiety have a bigger impact on their quality of life. Children on the autism spectrum completed questionnaires and the results showed us that one factor, difficulty with uncertainty, had the biggest impact on the child's quality of life.
The social ecology of aggression in youths with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Brown Cynthia E. , Borduin Charles M. , Dopp Alex R. , Mazurek Micah O. 
Published: June 2019

This study examined the social‐ecological correlates of aggressive behavior in 120 youths with autism spectrum disorder. Youths were divided into three groups based on caregiver reports of the youth's aggressive acts: youths who engaged in acts of both physical and verbal aggression, youths who engaged only in acts of physical aggression, and nonaggressive youths. Caregivers and youths completed self‐report instruments and behavior rating inventories that assessed youth individual functioning, family relations, and extrafamilial factors (i.e., peer relations, academic performance). Results showed that youths who engaged in both verbal and physical aggression were characterized by poor sleep quality and victimization by peers, and their caregivers evidenced high levels of distress and avoidant coping. In contrast, youths who were physically but not verbally aggressive were distinguished by difficulties in social interaction and communication. In general, each group of youths who were aggressive experienced more problems with repetitive behaviors, family relations, and academic performance than did their nonaggressive counterparts. The implications of these findings for theory, research, and treatment are discussed. Autism Res 2019. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe present study demonstrated that youths with autism spectrum disorder may be classified by the types of aggressive behaviors that they exhibit: youths who are verbally and physically aggressive, physically aggressive only, or not aggressive. Compared to the nonaggressive group, both groups of youths who were aggressive experienced difficulties in their individual, family, peer, and academic functioning. Youths with both verbal and physical aggression showed the most problems in their functioning.
Private tutoring in a high socio‐economic secondary school in Israel and pupils’ attitudes towards school learning: A double‐edged sword phenomenon
Authors: Addi‐Raccah Audrey 
Published: June 2019

Private tutoring (PT) is a widespread educational phenomenon that blurs the conceptual boundaries of public and private education and can affect the formal school system and teachers’ work. This study examined whether participation in PT and the estimation of private tutors’ contributions are related to pupils’ attitudes towards teachers’ effectiveness. Based on a questionnaire administered to all pupils (n = 855) from Grades 7 to 10 from one secondary school located in an affluent area at the centre of Israel (respondence rate, 83.2%), it was found that overall, there were few differences in students’ attitudes between participants in PT compared to those who did not participate in PT. However, among those who participate in PT, their attitudes towards school teachers are related to the distinction between the academic and social‐affective contribution of private tutors. When PT is related to academic spheres, it enhances positive attitudes towards school teachers and when PT is related to socio‐affective aspects, it increases criticism. The findings highlight the complex interactions of PT with mainstream education and emphasise the challenges school teachers face in view of the trend for more personalised learning approaches.
Marginal hazard ratio estimates in joint frailty models for heart failure trials
Authors: Toenges Gerrit , Jahn‐Eimermacher Antje 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis work is motivated by clinical trials in chronic heart failure disease, where treatment has effects both on morbidity (assessed as recurrent non‐fatal hospitalisations) and on mortality (assessed as cardiovascular death, CV death). Recently, a joint frailty proportional hazards model has been proposed for these kind of efficacy outcomes to account for a potential association between the risk rates for hospital admissions and CV death. However, more often clinical trial results are presented by treatment effect estimates that have been derived from marginal proportional hazards models, that is, a Cox model for mortality and an Andersen–Gill model for recurrent hospitalisations. We show how these marginal hazard ratios and their estimates depend on the association between the risk processes, when these are actually linked by shared or dependent frailty terms. First we derive the marginal hazard ratios as a function of time. Then, applying least false parameter theory, we show that the marginal hazard ratio estimate for the hospitalisation rate depends on study duration and on parameters of the underlying joint frailty model. In particular, we identify parameters, for example the treatment effect on mortality, that determine if the marginal hazard ratio estimate for hospitalisations is smaller, equal or larger than the conditional one. How this affects rejection probabilities is further investigated in simulation studies. Our findings can be used to interpret marginal hazard ratio estimates in heart failure trials and are illustrated by the results of the CHARM‐Preserved trial (where CHARM is the ‘Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity’ programme).
Metabonomics study on the effect of Siwu Decoction for blood deficiency syndrome in rats using UPLC–Q/TOF–MS analysis
Authors: He Yao , Gao Tianhui , Li Jie , Chen Zhejie , Wang Lijuan , Zhang Jinming , Gao Fei , Fu Chaomei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSiwu decoction (SWD), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula with over 1000 years of clinical history, is widely used for gynecological disease, especially blood deficiency syndrome, which is similar to anemia in modern medicine. In view of metabonomics being useful approach to investigate the potential mechanisms of action from the point of view of systems biology, in this study an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry method was employed for a holistic evaluation of SWD on a blood‐deficiency rat model induced by N‐acetylphenylhydrazine and cyclophosphamide via plasma metabonomics study. Routine blood examination results showed that SWD could significantly improve the declining hemogram indices. Meanwhile, the plasma metabonomics profiles in different groups were analyzed and differentiating metabolites were primarily visualized through chemometric analysis. Seven biomarkers were identified in plasma samples of blood‐deficiency rat model compared with the normal group. Five main metabolism pathways were suggested using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway Analysis and Pathway Activity Profiling algorithm analysis. This indicated that SWD played a therapeu role in blood deficiency by regulating the aberrant endogenous metabolites. To sum up, this study provides clear evidence that a metabonomics study could serve as a useful tool to elucidate the systematic therapeutic profiles and mechanisms for blood deficiency syndrome of Chinese herbal medicines.
Derivation and identification of a mechanistic model for a branched enzyme‐catalyzed carboligation
Authors: Ohs Rüdiger , Fischer Konrad , Schöpping Marie , Spiess Antje C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe kinetic description of enzyme‐catalyzed reactions is a core task in biotechnology and biochemical engineering. In particular, mechanistic kinetic models help from the discovery of the biocatalyst throughout its application. Chemo‐ or enantioselective enzyme reactions often undergo two alternative pathways for the release of two different products from a central intermediate. For these types of reaction, no explicit reaction equations have been derived so far. To this end, we extend the commonly used Cleland's notation for branched reaction pathways and explicitly derive the rate expressions for two‐coupled ordered bi–uni reactions. This mechanism also leads to a ping‐pong bi–bi mechanism for a transfer reaction between the two products via the same central intermediate of the reaction system. Using the cross‐ligation of benzaldehyde and propanal catalyzed by the thiamine diphosphate‐dependent enzyme benzaldehyde lyase from Pseudomonas fluorescens yielding (R)‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐phenylbutan‐1‐one as a case study, we performed model‐based experimental analysis to show that such a reaction mechanism can be modeled mechanistically and leads to reasonable kinetic parameters.
Prognosis and cure of long‐term cancer survivors: A population‐based estimation
Authors: Dal Maso Luigino , Panato Chiara , Guzzinati Stefano , Serraino Diego , Francisci Silvia , Botta Laura , Capocaccia Riccardo , Tavilla Andrea , Gigli Anna , Crocetti Emanuele , Rugge Massimo , Tagliabue Giovanna , Filiberti Rosa Angela , Carrozzi Giuliano , Michiara Maria , Ferretti Stefano , Cesaraccio Rosaria , Tumino Rosario , Falcini Fabio , Stracci Fabrizio , Torrisi Antonietta , Mazzoleni Guido , Fusco Mario , Rosso Stefano , Tisano Francesco , Fanetti Anna Clara , Sini Giovanna Maria , Buzzoni Carlotta , De Angelis Roberta ,   AIRTUM Working group
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence of cure for some neoplasms has emerged in recent years. The study aimed to estimate population‐based indicators of cancer cure.MethodsInformation on more than half a million cancer patients aged 15‐74 years collected by population‐based Italian cancer registries and mixture cure models were used to estimate the life expectancy of fatal tumors (LEFT), proportions of patients with similar death rates of the general population (cure fraction), and time to reach 5‐year conditional relative survival (CRS) >90% or 95% (time to cure).ResultsBetween 1990 and 2000, the median LEFT increased >1 year for breast (from 8.1 to 9.4 years) and prostate cancers (from 5.2 to 7.4 years). Median LEFT in 1990 was >5 years for testicular cancers (5.8) and Hodgkin lymphoma (6.3) below 45 years of age. In both sexes, it was ≤0.5 years for pancreatic cancers and NHL in 1990 and in 2000. The cure fraction showed a 10% increase between 1990 and 2000. It was 95% for thyroid cancer in women, 94% for testis, 75% for prostate, 67% for breast cancers, and <20% for liver, lung, and pancreatic cancers. Time to 5‐year CRS >95% was <10 years for testis, thyroid, colon cancers, and melanoma. For breast and prostate cancers, the 5‐year CRS >90% was reached in <10 years but a small excess remained for >15 years.ConclusionsThe study findings confirmed that several cancer types are curable. Became aware of the possibility of cancer cure has relevant clinical and social impacts.
Facile Access to Challenging ortho‐Terphenyls via Merging Two Multi‐Step Domino Reactions in One‐Pot: A Joint Experimental/Theoretical Study
Authors: Grau Benedikt W. , Bönisch Simon , Neuhauser Alexander , Hampel Frank , Görling Andreas , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: June 2019

Abstractortho‐Terphenyls are of high interest for medicinal chemistry and materials science, but they are difficult to access. Herein, we demonstrate a straightforward and sustainable synthesis of highly functionalized ortho‐terphenyls via joining an organocatalyzed two‐step domino reaction (Knoevenagel/vinylogous Michael) with a DABCO/CuBr2 co‐catalyzed three‐step domino reaction (cyclization/tautomerization/aromatization) in a one‐pot process. Overcoming necessity to isolate intermediate products leads to a reduction of energy, costs and waste for a broad scope of reactions. DFT calculations have been performed to investigate the thermodynamics of this one‐pot process towards ortho‐terphenyls and to study the reaction profile of the vinylogous Michael reaction under inclusion of solvent effects. Role of London dispersion forces in this transformation has been elucidated. It is shown that reaction kinetics and thermodynamics are slightly influenced by dispersion interactions. Furthermore, the addition of dispersion energy donors leads to small changes of reaction energies in some cases.
Carbidisation of Pd Nanoparticles by Ethene Decomposition with Methane Production
Authors: Jones Wilm , Wells Peter. P. , Gibson Emma K. , Chutia Arunabhiram , Silverwood Ian P. , Catlow C. Richard A. , Bowker Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the presence of oxygenated organic molecules pure Pd, which is widely used in chemicals processing and the pharmaceutical industry, tends to defunctionalise and dehydrogenate such molecules to H2, CO and surface/bulk carbon, in the form of a palladium carbide. We have investigated the formation of this carbide by ethene adsorption using a variety of techniques, including pulsed flow reaction measurements, XAS and DFT calculations of the lattice expansion during carbidisation. These experiments show that two main reactions take place above 500 K, that is, both total dehydrogenation, but also disproportionation to methane and the carbide, after which the activity of the Pd is completely lost. We estimate the value of x in PdCx to be 0.28 (±0.03), and show by computer modelling that this fits the lattice expansion observed by XAFS, and that there is charge transfer to C from Pd of around 0.2–0.4 e.
An Eco‐Friendly Nitrogen Source for the Preparation of Vanadium Nitride/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Xin , Lu Wei , Li Yunfeng , Yu Yang , Zhou Xuanbo , Liu Xianchun , Xing Yan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is highly urgent to find an eco‐friendly nitrogen source for the preparation of metal nitrides as an electrode material for supercapacitors (SCs). Herein, vanadium nitride/N‐doped carbon (VN/NC) nanocomposites were prepared from the nitrogen source of g‐C3N4 by a facile one‐step annealing process. VN NPs, with an average particle size of 7 nm, make an important contribution to the capacitance of the composites. N‐doped carbon (NC), with an advanced sheet‐like structure and high nitrogen content provides a large surface area and effective electrolyte penetration, leading to more exposed VN active sites and a good electrical conductivity. As a supporting substrate, NC nanosheets (NCS) prevent VN NPs from aggregation, thereby a favorable cycling stability of the composite electrode was achieved. In addition, as the (−) 0.04‐VN/NCS2//NiCo2S4 (+) asymmetric device is assembled, favorable specific capacitance, high energy, and power density can also be obtained.
A Porous Carbon Polyhedron/Carbon Nanotube Based Hybrid Material as Multifunctional Sulfur Host for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ren Juan , Song Zhicui , Zhou Xuemei , Chai Yuru , Lu Xiaoli , Zheng Qiaoji , Xu Chenggang , Lin Dunmin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo develop high‐performance lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries, designing and exploring an advanced sulfur cathode with a conductive and polar robust framework is highly significant to suppress the “shuttle effect” of polysulfides and enhance the utilization of active sulfur. Herein, a multifunctional conductive nanohybrid, which acts as a sulfur host, is rationally constructed by inserting/intertwining carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto Co‐embedded N‐doped porous dual carbon polyhedrons derived from a resorcinol‐formaldehyde (RF) polymer layer enwrapping ZIF‐67 metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) (Co, N−C@RFC/CNTs). The porous carbon polyhedrons can accommodate a high amount of sulfur owing to their large inner void space; the RF coating carbon layer and the CNTs effectively increase the conductivity and build a network for providing smooth ions/e− pathways; In addition, the polar Co particles and electronegative N heteroatoms synergistically strengthen the chemical adsorption of polysulfides and accelerate the redox reaction of the sulfur cathode. Benefiting from these advantages, the as‐fabricated Co, N−C@RFC/CNTs/S cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 1373.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, an impressive rate performance with 659.2 mAh g−1 at 2.0 C, and an outstanding cycling stability with an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.041 % per cycle for 500 cycles at 1.0 C. This work provides a facile and high‐efficiency approach to fabricating excellent‐performance storage materials based on an MOF precursor.
Direct Synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Stabilized Copper Nanoparticles from an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Borane
Authors: Frogneux Xavier , Hippolyte Laura , Mercier Dimitri , Portehault David , Chanéac Corinne , Sanchez Clément , Marcus Philippe , Ribot François , Fensterbank Louis , Carenco Sophie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized copper nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from an NHC–borane adduct and mesitylcopper(I) under thermal conditions (refluxing toluene for 2.5 h). NPs with a size distribution of 11.6±1.8 nm were obtained. The interaction between Cu NPs and NHC ligands was probed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which showed covalent binding of the NHC to the surface of the NPs. Mechanistic studies suggested that NHC–borane plays two roles: contributing to the reduction of [CuMes]2 to release Cu0 species and providing NHC ligands to stabilize the copper NPs.
Cover Picture: Benzene Triimides: Facile Synthesis and Self‐Assembly Study (Chin. J. Chem. 7/2019)
Authors: Tuo De‐Hui , He Qing , Wang Qi‐Qiang , Ao Yu‐Fei , Wang De‐Xian 
Published: June 2019

The cover picture shows an efficient one‐pot condensation of maleimide derivatives in the presence of acetic acid and water to afford a series of benzene triimides (BTIs). The structure, physicochemical properties and electrochemistry behavior of BTIs were systematically investigated. Owing to the planar structure and unique electron‐deficient nature, BTIs can self‐assemble into different motifs. More details are discussed by Wang et al. on page 684–688.
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Inside Cover: From Reactivity and Regioselectivity to Stereoselectivity: An Odyssey of Designing PIP Amine and Related Directing Groups for C—H Activation (Chin. J. Chem. 7/2019)
Authors: Zhang Qi , Shi Bing‐Feng 
Published: June 2019

The inside cover picture shows the journey of developing PIP amine directing group for C—H activation, from controlling the reactivity and diastereoselectivity to enantioselectivity. In the presence of Pd or base metal catalysts, PIP amine enabled the activation of inert C—H bonds to form diverse C—C and C—heteroatom bonds. Its tuneable structure has triggered the design of chiral auxiliaries for diastereoselective C—H activation. More recently, enantioselective activation of unbiased methylene C—H bonds has been achieved by cooperative effects between PIP amine and axial chiral ligands. More details are discussed in the article by Shi et al. on page 647–656.
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Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in PALB2, CHEK2, and other known breast cancer susceptibility genes among 1054 BRCA‐negative Hispanics with breast cancer
Authors: Weitzel Jeffrey N. , Neuhausen Susan L. , Adamson Aaron , Tao Shu , Ricker Charité , Maoz Asaf , Rosenblatt Margalit , Nehoray Bita , Sand Sharon , Steele Linda , Unzeitig Gary , Feldman Nancy , Blanco Amie M. , Hu Donglei , Huntsman Scott , Castillo Danielle , Haiman Christopher , Slavin Thomas , Ziv Elad 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and related cause of mortality among Hispanics, yet susceptibility has been understudied. BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) mutations explain less than one‐half of hereditary BC, and the proportion associated with other BC susceptibility genes is unknown.MethodsGermline DNA from 1054 BRCA‐mutation–negative Hispanic women with hereditary BC (BC diagnosed at age <51 years, bilateral BC, breast and ovarian cancer, or BC diagnosed at ages 51‐70 years with ≥2 first‐degree or second‐degree relatives who had BC diagnosed at age <70 years), 312 local controls, and 887 multiethnic cohort controls was sequenced and analyzed for 12 known and suspected, high‐penetrance and moderate‐penetrance cancer susceptibility genes (ataxia telangiectasia mutated [ATM], breast cancer 1 interacting protein C‐terminal helicase 1 [BRIP1], cadherin 1 [CDH1], checkpoint kinase 2 [CHEK2], nibrin [NBN], neurofibromatosis type 1 [NF1], partner and localizer of BRCA2 [PALB2], phosphatase and tensin homolog [PTEN], RAD51 paralog 3 [RAD51C], RAD51D, serine/threonine kinase 11 [STK11], and TP53).ResultsForty‐nine (4.6%) pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PVs) in 47 of 1054 participants (4.5%), including 21 truncating frameshift, 20 missense, 5 nonsense, and 4 splice variants, were identified in CHEK2 (n = 20), PALB2 (n = 18), ATM (n = 5), TP53 (n = 3), BRIP1 (n = 2), and CDH1 and NF1 (both n = 1) and none were identified in NBN, PTEN, STK11, RAD51C, or RAD51D. Nine participants carried the PALB2 c.2167_2168del PV (0.85%), and 14 carried the CHEK2 c.707T>C PV (1.32%).ConclusionsOf 1054 BRCA‐negative, high‐risk Hispanic women, 4.5% carried a PV in a cancer susceptibility gene, increasing understanding of hereditary BC in this population. Recurrent PVs in PALB2 and CHEK2 represented 47% (23 of 49) of the total, suggesting a founder effect. Accurate classification of variants was enabled by carefully controlling for ancestry and the increased identification of at‐risk Hispanics for screening and prevention.