bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected 21st‐century distribution of canopy‐forming seaweeds in the Northwest Atlantic with climate change
Authors: Wilson Kristen L. , Skinner Marc A. , Lotze Heike K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimClimate change is predicted to alter the distribution and abundance of marine species, including canopy‐forming seaweeds which provide important ecosystem functions and services. We asked whether continued warming will affect the distribution of six common canopy‐forming species: mid‐intertidal fucoids (Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus), low‐intertidal Irish moss (Chondrus crispus), subtidal laminarian kelps (Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata) and the invasive Codium fragile.LocationNorthwest Atlantic.MethodsWe used occurrence records and the correlative presence‐only species distribution model Maxent to determine present‐day distribution. This distribution was compared to each species’ warm‐water physiological thresholds indicating areas of stable or reduced growth and mortality. Present‐day models were then projected to mid‐century (2040–2050) and end‐century (2090–2100) using two contrasting carbon emission scenarios (RCP2.6 and 8.5) and two global climate models from CMIP5 based on changes in ocean temperatures.ResultsProjected range shifts were minimal under low emissions (RCP2.6), but substantial species‐specific range shifts were projected under high emissions (RCP8.5), with all species except C. fragile predicted to experience a northward shift in their southern (warm) edge of ≤406 km by the year 2100. Northward expansions outweighed southern extirpations for fucoids and C. crispus leading to overall range expansions, while range contractions were projected for kelps and C. fragile. Model projections generally agreed with physiological thresholds but were more conservative suggesting that range shifts for kelps may be underpredicted.Main conclusionsOur results highlight the benefits to be gained from strong climate change mitigation (RCP2.6), which would limit changes in rocky shore community distribution and composition. The business‐as‐usual RCP8.5 scenario projected major range shifts, seaweed community reorganization and transitions in dominant species south of Newfoundland by 2100 (~47°N). As canopy‐forming seaweeds provide essential habitat, carbon storage, nutrient cycling and commercial value, understanding their response to continued climate warming is critical to inform coastal management and conservation planning.
Prognostic value of hyperuricemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A meta‐analysis
Authors: He Cuifang , Lin Peihuan , Liu Wenbing , Fang Kuaifa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic significance of elevated circulating uric acid level in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is conflicting. This meta‐analysis aimed to assess the prognostic value of hyperuricemia in patients with ACS.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed in Pubmed, Embase, VIP, CNKI and WanFang databases up to 16 June 2018. All observational studies that investigated the prognostic value of hyperuricemia in ACS patients were selected. Outcome of interests was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), all‐cause mortality or cardiovascular mortality.ResultsA total of nine studies enrolling 8776 ACS patients were included and analysed. ACS patients with hyperuricemia had an increased risk of MACEs (risk ratio [RR]: 1.86; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.47‐2.35), all‐cause mortality (RR 1.86; 95% CI: 1.49‐2.32) and cardiovascular mortality (RR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.36‐2.22) after adjustment for the conventional risk factors. Stratified analysis showed that the prognostic significance of hyperuricemia was consistently observed in each subgroups.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggests that hyperuricemia independently predicts MACEs and death in ACS patients. Determination of uric acid level has potential to improve risk stratification of adverse outcomes in ACS patients.
Telemedicine screening adolescent metabolic syndrome in Greek schools
Authors: Bacopoulou Flora , Efthymiou Vasiliki , Palaiologos George , Tsarouhas Konstantinos , Landis Georgios , Fostiropoulos Ioannis , Kaklea Maria , Rentoumis Anastasios , Papassotiriou Ioannis 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundUsing telemedicine in the school setting in Greece, we screened a representative adolescent sample for MetS (International Diabetes Federation criteria) and explored its associations with anthropometric, sociodemographic and behavioural parameters.Materials and methodsCross‐sectional data were obtained from 12‐ to 17‐year‐old high school students.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS in 1578 adolescents (mean age ± SD 14.4 ± 1.7 years) was 2.6% (3.4% among males; 2.0% among females), highest (4.3%) at age 13 years and lowest (1.3%) at 16 years. Adolescents with MetS had significantly higher mean body mass index (BMI) ± SD than those without MetS (30.2 ± 4.2 vs 21.3 ± 3.2 kg/m2, respectively; P < 0.001); among participants with obesity, 31.6% had MetS. Abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, low HDL‐cholesterol, impaired fasting blood glucose (FBG) and elevated blood pressure (BP) were detected in 9.5%, 2.3%, 10.7%, 25.9% and 21.8% of participants, respectively. Additional analysis (modified NCEP:ATPIII youth criteria) demonstrated similar overall prevalence of MetS (2.9%). Statistically significant correlations were found between most anthropometric and MetS characteristics, with the exception of FBG, which was correlated only with systolic BP. BMI was strongly correlated with waist and hip circumferences (r = 0.818, P < 0.001; r = 0.825, P < 0.001, respectively). Single parenthood and older maternal age (>60 years) were risk factors for MetS. Although counterintuitive, body image distortion, body dissatisfaction and bullying about weight were more prevalent in normal weight girls.ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of MetS was low but 12‐fold higher when obesity was taken into account. Impaired FBG and elevated BP were the most prevailing features. Telemedicine services were used effectively in Greek schools for screening youth MetS.
Perspectives in affective disorders: Clocks and sleep
Authors: Wirz‐Justice Anna , Benedetti Francesco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMood disorders are often characterised by alterations in circadian rhythms, sleep disturbances and seasonal exacerbation. Conversely, chronobiological treatments utilise zeitgebers for circadian rhythms such as light to improve mood and stabilise sleep, and manipulations of sleep timing and duration as rapid antidepressant modalities. Although sleep deprivation (“wake therapy”) can act within hours, and its mood‐elevating effects be maintained by regular morning light administration/medication/earlier sleep, it has not entered the regular guidelines for treating affective disorders as a first‐line treatment. The hindrances to using chronotherapeutics may lie in their lack of patentability, few sponsors to carry out large multi‐centre trials, non‐reimbursement by medical insurance and their perceived difficulty or exotic “alternative” nature. Future use can be promoted by new technology (single‐sample phase measurements, phone apps, movement and sleep trackers) that provides ambulatory documentation over long periods and feedback to therapist and patient. Light combinations with cognitive behavioural therapy and sleep hygiene practice may speed up and also maintain response. The urgent need for new antidepressants should hopefully lead to reconsideration and implementation of these non‐pharmacological methods, as well as further clinical trials. We review the putative neurochemical mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation and light therapy, and current knowledge linking clocks and sleep with affective disorders: neurotransmitter switching, stress and cortico‐limbic reactivity, clock genes, cortical neuroplasticity, connectomics and neuroinflammation. Despite the complexity of multi‐system mechanisms, more insight will lead to fine tuning and better application of circadian and sleep‐related treatments of depression.
The Contribution of Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew to the Configuration of an Ecumenical “Integral Ecology”
Authors: Sereti Maria G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis contribution deals with the issue of the environment, which is centre stage in the ecumenical movement. The research focuses on environmental actions and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew’s interest in our common home (oikos). It is important that the Ecumenical Patriarch envisages ecology as an integral part of life, a perspective shared by Pope Francis. According to Patriarch Bartholomew, the ecological problem affects all humankind, and above all has a painful impact on the poor and the weak. The message of the Ecumenical Patriarch is one of solidarity and humanity for the marginalized and the poor. The eucharist, the vision of integral ecology, urges us to look after nature and people and fight against exploitation, poverty, and hunger. The Ecumenical Patriarch, from his view of ecology as integral, emphasizes that the environment is not an object for exploitation and expresses his concern for the lack of respect for both nature and people.
Haitian Vodou and Ecotheology
Authors: Weber A. S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis contribution reviews ecotheological perspectives among traditional practitioners of the West African religions known as Vodun and Voodoo and their diasporic syncretic variants Hoodoo, Haitian Vodou and Louisiana Voodoo, using Haiti as the main case study. Based on ethnographic and comparative religion scholarship, as well as consultation with researchers in the field, it discusses Voodoo traditions in light of modern ecotheological concerns, such as sustainability, dominion over nature, anthropocentrism, and animal rights. It also discusses the sometimes accommodating and sometimes hostile relationship with Catholicism with respect to nature and spirit worship, and the overlap of saints and Voodoo spirits as intermediaries. Despite finding a striking disjunction between environmentally unfriendly practices in Haiti and its religious views of nature as sacred, the paper argues that the historical adaptability and accommodationism of Haitian Vodou practices may provide the basis for an eco‐friendly approach to natural resource management and a renewed spiritualized view of nature.
Tackling Climate Change
Authors: van Duin Marijke 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article seeks to address the apparent lack of willingness to fully address climate change by looking to the psychological aspects of the problem, particularly through the depth psychology of C. G. Jung. The article unfolds the emerging field of climate psychology and explores the cognitive dissonance behind public reactions to the phenomenon of climate change before explaining central Jungian concepts and their relevance to addressing the deeper personal, social, and cultural aspects of climate change.
IL‐17A/F in Leishmania major‐resistant C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Dietze‐Schwonberg Kirsten , Lopez Kostka Susanna , Lorenz Beate , Regen Tommy , Waisman Ari , von Stebut Esther 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProinflammatory IL‐17 plays an important role in various diseases and defence against extracellular microorganisms. Healing of leishmaniasis is promoted by Th1/Tc1 cells, whereas Th2/Treg are associated with worsened disease outcome. In addition, high expression of IL‐17A in Leishmania‐susceptible BALB/c and artificial overexpression of IL‐17A in T cells in resistant C57BL/6 mice worsened disease outcome. Since C57BL/6 mice lacking only IL‐17A exhibited no phenotype, and IL‐17A and IL‐17F share similar receptors, but differentially regulate chemokine secretion, we studied mice lacking both IL‐17A and IL‐17F (IL‐17A/F−/−) in infections with Leishmania major. Interestingly, lesion volumes and parasite burdens were comparable to controls, IL‐17A/F−/− mice developed a Th1/Tc1 phenotype, and exhibited normal lesion resolution. Thus, in C57BL/6 mice, secretion of IL‐17A and IL‐17F does not influence disease progression. It appears that—depending on the genetic background—cytokines of the IL‐17 family might be responsible for disease progression primarily in susceptible mice.
Is there a blue transition underway?
Authors: Nahuelhual Laura , Defeo Omar , Vergara Ximena , Blanco Gustavo , Marín Sandra L. , Bozzeda Fabio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we describe what we term a Blue Transition, defined as the passage from fish biomass reduction to recovery in exploited aquatic resources, enabled by aquaculture. A Blue Transition is a key component of emergent “blue” discourses which support that the expansion of aquaculture would relieve pressure on declining capture fisheries, thus contributing to global food security, particularly of the poorest populations. Based on global secondary data and the case of Chile, we explore the evidence of such claim and the implications of a Blue Transition for fisheries and aquaculture development. In 2012, worldwide aquaculture production surpassed wild captures; nevertheless, such turnaround would have not taken place without China's contribution. In Chile, this turnaround occurred in 2014, concurrently with the lowest industrial landings registered since the 1960s (1,227,359 tons). Chile's aquaculture is not relieving wild fisheries or satisfying food demands of the lower income population, in the country or elsewhere. Salmon, the main aquaculture product, is destined mainly to Japan, Russia and United States where, due to its high prices, it is consumed mostly by wealthy consumers. For the case at hand, evidence suggests that a blue transition may be underway but is going in the wrong direction: from what may have been sustainable fisheries management before the 1970s to the overexploited wild fisheries of today.
Spatiotemporal variability in the phenology of the initial intra‐annual molt of American lobster (Homarus americanus Milne Edwards, 1837) and its relationship with bottom temperatures in a changing Gulf of Maine
Authors: Staples Kevin W. , Chen Yong , Townsend David W. , Brady Damian C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study uses the Maine Department of Marine Resources Lobster Sea Sampling data (2000–2016) and logistic models to develop the first time series for the timing and suddenness of onset of the initial intra‐annual molt of American lobster in the Gulf of Maine (GoM), an annual fishery recruitment event crucial to fishermen. Data from three GoM regions (eastern, central, and western coastal Maine) were further divided by sex and estimated maturity of sampled lobsters for analysis. We found differences in the patterns of initial molt timing and suddenness between the regions, sexes, and stages of maturity. Using the Northeast Coastal Ocean Forecasting System hindcast temperatures, seasonal accumulated degrees above 5°C were used to describe the thermal history for each region at ocean depths of about 5 and 110 m. These temperature metrics were used in generalized linear models to investigate the potential effects of seasonal temperatures on the initial molt season. Results showed that initial intra‐annual molting of lobsters was variable from 2000 to 2016, with periods of both earlier and more sudden molts and later and more protracted molts. Warmer temperatures, specifically inshore temperatures, were generally associated with an earlier molt, but without complete uniformity in the direction and magnitude across seasons, regions, and lobster demographics. We also discuss why developing molt time series and quantifying the connection to the bottom temperatures are necessary and emphasized why existing monitoring programs and the applied quantification techniques herein make this relationship difficult to quantify.
Provision of consumer health information in Alberta's Rural Public Libraries
Authors: Danhoundo Georges , Whistance‐Smith Doug , Lemoine Daniel , Konkin Jill 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccess to health services is a major challenge in many rural communities within Canada. Rural public libraries can serve as centres for health resources.ObjectiveThe aim of this exploratory study was to analyse the manner in which Alberta's rural libraries provide health information to their patrons.MethodsA questionnaire including closed ended and open ended questions was sent to the 285 rural libraries across the Canadian province of Alberta. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis techniques were used for the data analysis.ResultsThe findings indicate that in three quarters of Alberta's rural libraries, about 10% of requests for assistance were related to health issues. The provision of health information in these libraries is hampered by the lack of Internet, private space for reference interviews, and staff and volunteer training. Library staff members were inexperienced in conducting reference transactions and reported lacking confidence in meeting patrons’ needs and ethical standards.DiscussionAddressing these challenges will require the recruitment of more qualified librarians in rural library systems, possibly through incentive measures, and a comprehensive education and training programme for both staff and volunteers combined with the necessary resource support for the rural libraries.ConclusionWhen human and material resources are adequate, rural libraries can contribute to improving the health literacy of their communities.
The Experience of Prison Recall in England and Wales
Authors: FITZALAN HOWARD FLORA 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe number of people recalled to custody in England and Wales has increased in recent years. Improving successful re‐release by engaging people in an effective recall process would achieve better outcomes for prisons, probation, and the public. Analysing in‐depth accounts of seven men, recall was experienced as painful and damaging rather than rehabilitative, lacking in credibility and legitimacy, and as a process faced alone. Progression was inhibited by hopelessness and powerlessness. Some expressed motivation for the future, but others intended to disengage from supervision. There is a need for greater procedural justice, collaboration, autonomy, hope, and trust, in the recall process and supervisory relationships.
The role of psychological theories in oral health interventions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sanaei Nasab Hormoz , Yazdanian Mohsen , Mokhayeri Yaser , Latifi Marzieh , Niksadat Negin , Harooni Javad , Armoon Bahram 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn the present study, we attempted to assess how psychological theories (health belief model [HBM], theory of planned behaviour [TPB], social cognitive theory [SCT], clinical theories [CT] and other theories [OT]) influence oral health interventions.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Knowledge databases from 2000 to 2017 were searched. We defined psychological theories based on five subgroups: (A) HBM, (B) TPB, (C) SCT, (E) CT and (F) OT.ResultsFrom the 156 identified studies, 19 studies based on PICO were included. Our findings indicated that the standardized mean difference (SMD) of HBM was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.51), which was statistically significant in improving oral health. The SMD of SCT was not significant (0.05 [95% CI: −0.33, 0.44]) in improving oral health. The SMD of TPB was significant (1.66 [95% CI: 1.06, 2.27]) in improving oral health. The SMD of CT (−4.6 [95% CI: −6.49, −2.71]) and OT (2.93 [95% CI: 1.55, 4.32]) revealed significant differences in improving oral health.ConclusionThe current meta‐analysis showed that in general, psychological interventions that used OT, CT, HBM and TPB were effective in enhancing oral health status, and interventions that used SCT did not have an effect on improving oral health status. Oral health care providers who work with patients to take methods and improve behaviours that are related to appropriate oral health need to comprehend their applicability and strengths.
Preferred Reporting Items for RAndomized Trials in Endodontics (PRIRATE) guidelines: a development protocol
Authors: Nagendrababu V. , Duncan H. F. , Bjørndal L. , Kvist T. , Priya E. , Pulikkotil S. J. , Jayaraman J. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRandomized clinical trials are acknowledged as the most appropriate methodology for demonstrating the efficacy or effectiveness of one intervention as opposed to another and thus play a major role in clinical decision‐making. However, it is recognized that despite the existence of various guidelines, for example, the Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement, the quality of manuscripts describing randomized trials is often suboptimal. The current project aims to develop and disseminate new guidelines, Preferred Reporting Items for RAndomized Trials in Endodontics (PRIRATE), to improve the planning and reporting quality of randomized trials in the field of Endodontics. The project leads (VN, PD) designed a robust process to develop the PRIRATE guidelines. At first, a steering committee of eight members, including the project leads, was formed. Thereafter, a five‐stage consensus process will be followed: initial steps, pre‐meeting activities, face‐to‐face consensus meeting, post‐meeting activities and post‐publication activities. The steering committee will develop the first draft of the PRIRATE guidelines by identifying relevant and important items from various sources including the CONSORT guidelines and the Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles. This will be followed by the establishment of a PRIRATE Delphi Group (PDG) consisting of 30 members. The individual items of the first draft of the PRIRATE guidelines developed by the steering committee will be evaluated and scored on a 9‐point Likert scale by the PDG members. Items with a score of seven and above by more than 70% of PDG members will be included in the second draft of the guidelines, and the Delphi process will be repeated until each item fulfils the set conditions. After obtaining consensus from the PDG, the PRIRATE guidelines will be discussed by 20 selected individuals within a PRIRATE Face‐to‐face Consensus Meeting Group (PFCMG) to arrive at a final consensus. The final PRIRATE guidelines will be accompanied with an explanation and elaboration document developed by the steering committee and approved by six members, three from the PDG and three from the PFCMG. The PRIRATE guidelines will be published in journals and actively disseminated to educational institutions, national and international academic societies and presented at scientific meetings. The steering committee will periodically revise and update the PRIRATE guidelines based on feedback from stakeholders.