bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Parametric Approach to Handle Missing Longitudinal Outcome Data in Trial-based Health Economic Evaluations
Authors: Gabrio Andrea , Daniels Michael J. , Baio Gianluca 
Published: September 2019

SummaryTrial-based economic evaluations are typically performed on cross-sectional variables, derived from the responses for only the completers in the study, using methods that ignore the complexities of utility and cost data (e.g. skewness and spikes). We present an alternative and more efficient Bayesian parametric approach to handle missing longitudinal outcomes in economic evaluations, while accounting for the complexities of the data. We specify a flexible parametric model for the observed data and partially identify the distribution of the missing data with partial identifying restrictions and sensitivity parameters. We explore alternative non-ignorable missingness scenarios through different priors for the sensitivity parameters, calibrated on the observed data. Our approach is motivated by, and applied to, data from a trial assessing the cost-effectiveness of a new treatment for intellectual disability and challenging behaviour.
Improving oral health‐related quality of life for a traumatic brain injury patient: A case report
Authors: Takeuchi Sawako , Planerova Adela , Malmstrom Hans , Saunders Ralph 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsA preliminary aim was to determine if a patient who had suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI) could tolerate removal of his remaining teeth and replacement with partially implant‐supported prosthetic replacements. The primary aim was to determine if the patient and also his main caregiver could assess a potential change in his oral health‐related quality of life.Methods and resultsProcedures for the patient were conservative dental restorations, removal of nonrestorable teeth, placement of implants, and fabrication of new dentures. The patient and his primary caregiver, independently, completed the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) before and after placement of the implants and Locators. The scores were then compared. The results were that both successfully completed the OHIP‐14 and scores showed improvement at 3 and 6 months.ConclusionThis is the first report of both, a TBI patient and his primary caregiver independently self‐assessing improvement in his quality of life using the OHIP‐14 after fabrication of an implant‐supported overdenture.
Testing Propeller Tip Modifications to Reduce Acoustic Noise Generation on a Quadcopter Propeller
Authors: Treuren Kenneth W. Van , Wisniewski Charles F. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
If vertical lift vehicles are to operate near population centers, they must be both quiet and efficient. The goal of this research is to develop a propeller that is more efficient and generates less noise than a stock DJI Phantom 2 quadcopter propeller. Reducing the generated tip vortex was the main objective. After studying the literature, seven promising tip treatments were selected and applied to a stock DJI Phantom 2 propeller to reduce the tip vortex. Several different configurations were tested for each tip treatment to determine the rpm and required power to hold 0.7 lbf thrust, the static hover condition. For each test, operating at the hover condition, a radial traverse 1 in. behind the propeller permitted the measurement of the near field sound pressure level (SPL) to find the maximum SPL and its radial location. Several configurations tested resulted in 8–10 dBA reductions in SPL when compared to the stock propeller; however, these configurations also resulted in an unacceptable increase in the power required to achieve the desired thrust. The most promising tip treatment tested was the trailing edge (TE) notch at a radial location of 0.95 r/R with a double slot width and a double depth (DSDD). The DSDD configuration as tested reduced the SPL 7.2 dBA with an increase in power required of only 3.96% over the stock propeller. This tradeoff, while not the largest reduction in noise generation measured, had an acceptable power increase for the decrease in SPL achieved.
Are Women Coached by Women More Likely to Become Sport Coaches? Head Coach Gender and Female Collegiate Athletes’ Entry into the Coaching Profession
Authors: Wasend Matea , LaVoi Nicole M. 
Published: September 2019

A plethora of research on barriers facing women in the coaching profession exists, but less attention has been devoted to female student-athletes’ transition into coaching. Some research suggests that female athletes who are coached by women are more likely to become coaches. In the present study, existing research is extended by examining the relationship between collegiate female basketball players’ post-playing career behavior and the gender of their collegiate head coach. Two research questions are addressed: (1) Are female collegiate Division-I basketball players who are coached by female head coaches more likely to enter the coaching profession than athletes who are coached by men? And; (2) If female basketball players do enter coaching, are those who were coached by women more likely to persist in coaching? Collegiate head coach gender did not emerge as a significant predictor of athletes’ likelihood to enter coaching, but logistic regression indicated that athletes who did enter coaching were 4.1-times more likely to stay in coaching if they had a female head coach. This study extends the scarce and outdated body of research on the potential salience of same-sex coaching role models for female athletes and provides baseline data on collegiate athletes’ entry rate into coaching, lending support to advocacy aimed at reversing the current stagnation of women in the sport coaching profession.
Use of fenofibrate on cardiovascular outcomes in statin users with metabolic syndrome: propensity matched cohort study
Authors: Kim Nam Hoon , Han Ki Hoon , Choi Jimi , Lee Juneyoung , Kim Sin Gon 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate whether fenofibrate as add-on to statin treatment reduce persistent cardiovascular risk in adults with metabolic syndrome in a real world setting.

Design
Propensity matched cohort study.

Setting
Population based cohort in Korea.

Participants
29 771 adults with metabolic syndrome (≥40 years) receiving statin treatment. 2156 participants receiving combined treatment (statin plus fenofibrate) were weighted based on propensity score in a 1:5 ratio with 8549 participants using statin only treatment.

Main outcome measure
Primary outcome was composite cardiovascular events including incident coronary heart disease, ischaemic stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes.

Results
The incidence rate per 1000 person years of composite cardiovascular events was 17.7 (95% confidence interval 14.4 to 21.8) in the combined treatment group and 22.0 (20.1 to 24.1) in the statin group. The risk of composite cardiovascular events was significantly reduced in the combined treatment group compared with statin group (adjusted hazard ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.93; P=0.01). The significance was maintained in the on-treatment analysis (hazard ratio 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.92; P=0.02). The risk of incident coronary heart disease, ischaemic stroke, and cardiovascular death was lower in the combined treatment group than statin group but was not significant. Participant characteristics did not appear to be associated with the low risk of composite cardiovascular events with combined treatment.

Conclusion
In this propensity weighted cohort study of adults with metabolic syndrome, the risk of major cardiovascular events was significantly lower with fenofibrate as add-on to statin treatment than with statin treatment alone.
Protocolled practice nurse-led care for children with asthma in primary care: protocol for a cluster randomised trial
Authors: Bousema Sara , Verwoerd Annemieke J , Goossens Lucas M , Bohnen Arthur M , Bindels Patrick J E , Elshout Gijs 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionIn children with asthma, daily symptoms and exacerbations have a significant impact on the quality of life of both children and parents. More effective use of asthma medication and, consequently, better asthma control is advocated, since both overtreatment and undertreatment are reported in primary care. Trials in adults suggest that asthma control is better when patients receive a regular medical review. Therefore, protocolled care by the general practitioner may also lead to better asthma control in children. However, such protocolled care by the general practitioner may be time consuming and less feasible. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether protocolled practice nurse-led asthma care for children in primary care provides more effective asthma control than usual care.Methods and analysisThe study will be a cluster-randomised open-label trial with an 18-month follow-up. Practice nurses will be the units of randomisation and children with asthma the units of analysis. It is planned to include 180 children aged 6–12 years. Primary outcome will be average asthma control during the 18-month follow-up measured by the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT). Secondary outcomes include C-ACT scores at t=3, t=6, t=12 and t=18 months; the frequency and severity of exacerbations; cost-effectiveness; quality of life; satisfaction with delivered care; forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced expiratory flow at 75% and the association of high symptoms scores at baseline and baseline characteristics. Besides, we will conduct identical measurements in a non-randomised sample of children.Ethics and disseminationThis will be the first trial to evaluate the effectiveness of protocolled practice nurse-led care for children with asthma in primary care. The results may lead to improvements in asthma care for children and can be directly implemented in revisions of asthma guidelines.The study protocol was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam.Trial registrationNTR6847.
Risk models and scores for metabolic syndrome: systematic review protocol
Authors: Ibrahim Musa Saulawa , Pang Dong , Randhawa Gurch , Pappas Yannis 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome ‘a clustering of risk factors which includes hypertension central obesity, impaired glucose metabolism with insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia’ affects approximately 20%–25% of the global adult population. Individuals with metabolic syndrome have two to threefold risk of developing cardiovascular disease and a fivefold risk of developing developing diabetes and death from all causes. Although there is rapid proliferation of risk scores for predicting the risk of developing metabolic syndrome later in life, yet, these are seldom used in the practice. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to determine the performance of risk models and scores for predicting the metabolic syndrome.Methods and analysisArticles will be sought for from electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science) as well as the Cochrane Library. Further manual search of reference lists and grey literatures will be conducted. The search will cover from the start of indexing to 3 October 2018. Identified studies will be included if they fulfil the study selection criteria. Quality of studies will be appraised using suitable criteria for the risk models. The risk scores in the final sample of the review will be ranked/prioritised based on previous quality criteria for prognostic risk models. Lastly, the impact of the models will be ascertained by tracking citations on Google Scholar.Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require formal ethical approval as primary data will not be collected. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and relevant conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019139326
Current status and progression of lower urinary tract symptoms in Chinese male patients: the protocol and rationale for a nationwide, hospital-based, prospective, multicentre study
Authors: Song Qi-Xiang , Zhang Yi , Ye Xiaofei , Xue Wei , Xu Chuanliang , Xu Jing , Abrams Paul , Sun Yinghao 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionIt has become increasingly evident that the male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may not only be caused by abnormalities in one or more components of the lower urinary tract, but also be secondary to a range of systemic disorders. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the features of urological and systemic disorders among middle-aged and elderly male LUTS patients in China. The second aim is to investigate the changes of both conditions after interventions through a 2-year prospective follow-up.Methods and analysisThis nationwide, hospital-based, multicentre cohort study was designed and initiated by the Prostatic Obstruction Investigation Team which is an international multidisciplinary academic group focusing on the management of male LUTS. An expectation of 11 500 eligible subjects from 23 authorised urological centres across the mainland of China will be recruited with a baseline assessment and data collection. Subsequently, subjects will undergo a follow-up for 24 months having been prescribed with oral medications or after being selected for prostate surgery based on the standard practice of each institution as well as the clinician’s own experience. All statistical analysis will be performed using SAS V.9.4 and R package.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee Boards of Shanghai Changhai Hospital (CHEC2017-244). The results will be reported at scientific conferences and be published on peer-reviewed journals.Trial registrationNCT03394651.
Non-pharmacological interventions for treating sexual dysfunction in postpartum women: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Monteiro Michelly Nóbrega , Medeiros Kleyton Santos , Vidal Iaponira , Matias Ivete , Cobucci Ricardo Ney , Gonçalves Ana Katherine 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionSexual dysfunction in the postpartum period is a very common and relevant clinical problem, which has a significant adverse impact on the health of women. We aim to analyse the efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological interventions for treating sexual dysfunction in postpartum women. Our review aims to provide accurate data for effective policy-making and improve our understanding of the treatment of postpartum sexual dysfunction with non-pharmacological therapies.Methods and analysisThe Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in The Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, Medline/PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), LILACS (Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) and Embase will be used to search for articles dated from database inception to July 2019. Randomised controlled clinical trials and large prospective cohorts with control groups using non-pharmacological treatments for sexual dysfunction in postpartum women will be included. Sexual problems are directly linked to sexual dysfunction; thus, the primary outcome will be the absolute number or percentage of sexual issues in each treatment group. The secondary outcomes will be assessed by decreased sexual problems, such as lack of lubrication, decreased libido and difficulty reaching orgasm. Three reviewers will independently select trials and extract data from the original publications. The citations will be screened independently by reviewers in duplicate. The risk of bias of the included studies will be assessed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data synthesis will be performed using Review Manager (RevMan) software V.5.2.3. In the event that a meta-analysis is possible, we will assess the heterogeneity across the studies by computing the I2statistic.Ethics and disseminationAs the design of this study includes a review of published data, the need to obtain ethical approval was waived by our institutional review committee. We intend to publish the findings of this systematic review in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018103077.
Importance of potentially inappropriate medications, number of chronic conditions and medications for the risk of hospitalisation in elderly in Sweden: a case–control study
Authors: Thorell Kristine , Midlöv Patrik , Fastbom Johan , Halling Anders 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the importance of potentially inappropriate medications, number of medications and chronic conditions for the risk of hospitalisation among an elderly population.DesignThis is a case–control study.SettingPopulation-based study in 2013 of all individuals aged 75 years and older (17 203) in the county of Blekinge in the southeast of Sweden.ParticipantsA total of 2941 individuals were included who had at least one hospitalisation to a medical, geriatric and palliative, or orthopaedic ward during 2013. From this total, 81 were excluded because of incomplete data or absence of controls. In total, 5720 patients were included and formed 2860 risk sets matched on age and gender.Primary and secondary outcome measuresConditional logistic regression was used to analyse the odds for hospitalisation according to use of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), number of chronic conditions and medicines using univariate and multivariate models. PIM was defined as long-acting benzodiazepines, tramadol, propiomazine and medicines with anticholinergic effect.ResultsThe univariate analysis for use of PIM showed a significant association with hospitalisation (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.83). For the number of chronic conditions, the OR was increased and was significant from two or more chronic conditions, and for the number of medicines from the use of five or more medicines, in the univariate analysis. Use of PIM has no association with hospitalisation in the full model. The number of chronic conditions and medicines in the full models continued to have strong associations for hospitalisation, from five to seven chronic conditions (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.33) and use of five to nine medicines (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.77) at the same time.ConclusionThe number of chronic conditions and medications are important for the odds of hospitalisation, while the use of PIM, according to the definition used in this study, was no significant in the full model.
Differences between cases admitted to hospital and discharged from the emergency department after emergency medical services transport
Authors: Hegenberg Kathrin , Trentzsch Heiko , Prückner Stephan 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveRising emergency medical services (EMS) utilisation increases transport to hospital emergency departments (ED). However, some patients receive outpatient treatment (discharged) while others are hospitalised (admitted). The aims of this analysis were to compare admitted and discharged cases, to assess whether cases that were discharged from the ED could be identified using dispatch data and to compare dispatch keyword categories and hospital diagnoses.DesignRetrospective observational study using linked secondary data.Setting and participants78 303 cases brought to 1 of 14 ED in the city of Munich, Germany, by EMS between 1 July 2013 and 30 June 2014.Main outcome measuresCharacteristics of admitted and discharged cases were assessed. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between discharge and age, sex, time of day, ambulance type and dispatch keyword category. Keyword categories were compared to hospital diagnoses.Results39.4% of cases were discharged. They were especially likely to be young (OR 10.53 (CI 9.31 to 11.92), comparing <15-year-olds to >70-year-olds) and to fall under the categories ‘accidents/trauma’ (OR 2.87 (CI 2.74 to 3.01)) or ‘other emergencies (unspecified)’ (OR 1.23 (CI 1.12 to 1.34) (compared with ‘cardiovascular’). Most frequent diagnoses came from chapter ‘injury and poisoning’ (30.1%) of the 10th revision of the international statistical classification of disease and related health problems (ICD-10), yet these diagnoses were more frequent at discharge (42.7 vs 22.0%) whereas circulatory system disease was less frequent (2.6 vs 21.8%). Except for accidents/trauma and intoxication/poisoning many underlying diagnoses were observed for the same dispatch keyword.ConclusionYoung age and dispatch for accidents or trauma were the strongest predictors of discharge. Even within the same dispatch keyword category the distribution of diagnoses differed between admitted and discharged cases. Discharge from the ED does not indicate that urgent response was unnecessary. However, these cases could be suitable for allocation to hospitals with low inpatient bed capacities and are of particular interest for future studies regarding the urgency of their condition.
Overweight in Indonesia: an observational study of trends and risk factors among adults and children
Authors: Oddo Vanessa M , Maehara Masumi , Rah Jee Hyun 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo conduct a secondary data analysis detailing overweight prevalence and associations between key hypothesised determinants and overweight.DesignThis observational study used publicly available data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) (1993–2014). The IFLS is a home-based survey of adults and children that collected data on household characteristics (size, physical infrastructure, assets, food expenditures), as well as on individual-level educational attainment, occupation type, smoking status and marital status. These analyses used data on the self-reported consumption of ultra-processed foods and physical activity. Anthropometrics were measured.SettingIndonesia.Primary outcome measuresWe described the distribution of overweight by gender among adults (body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2) and by age among children, over time. Overweight was defined as weight-for-height z-score >2 among children aged 0–5 years and as BMI-for-age z-score >1 among children aged 6–18 years. We also described individuals who were overweight by selected characteristics over time. Finally, we employed multivariable logistic regression models to investigate risk factors in relation to overweight in 2014.ResultsOne-third of adults were overweight in 2014. Between 1993 and 2014, the prevalence of overweight among adults doubled from 17.1% to 33.0%. The prevalence of overweight among children under 5 years increased from 4.2% to 9.4% between 1993 and 2007, but then remained relatively stagnant between 2007 and 2014. Among children aged 6–12 years and 13–18 years, the prevalence of overweight increased from 5.1% to 15.6% and from 7.1% to 14.1% between 1993 and 2014, respectively. Although overweight prevalence remains higher in urban areas, the increase in overweight prevalence was larger among rural (vs urban) residents, and by 2014, the proportions of overweight adults were evenly distributed in each wealth quintile. Data suggest that the consumption of ultra-processed foods was common and levels of physical activity have decreased over the last decade. In multivariable models, urban area residence, higher wealth, higher education and consumption of ultra-processed foods were associated with higher odds of overweight among most adults and children.ConclusionUrgent programme and policy action is needed to reduce and prevent overweight among all ages.