bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability and heritability of growth, yield and quality traits in Gymnema sylvestre: an anti-diabetic medicinal herb
Authors: Raghavendra Hunnanadoddi C. , Rohini Mony R. , Rao Vala K. , Himabindu Kaipa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult is a highly demanded antidiabetic medicinal herb native to India. There are no improved varieties available and the plant is still collected from the wild and therefore it is important to estimate the genetic variability and heritability parameters for devising appropriate crop improvement strategy. The present study was undertaken to assess the genetic variability, heritability, character association and path analysis for growth, yield and bioactive traits in 35 accessions of G. sylvestre collected from Indian South Peninsular region. Genetic variability parameters: genotypic variance, phenotypic variance, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), broad-sense heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance as per cent over mean of yield and quality related characters were computed to understand the extent of variability present. High levels of GCV and PCV (>20%) were observed for most of the traits. Leaf length, leaf area, leaf yield and gymnemagenin content reported with high heritability (>60%) and genetic advance over mean (>30%) suggest that variation in these traits is influenced predominantly by the genetic factors making selection more effective in improving them. The correlation and path analysis studies highlighted the importance of selecting leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf area index, fresh leaf yield and gymnemagenin content for improving dry leaf yield of G. sylvestre. The study also identified promising morphotypes (IIHR-GS-27 and IIHR-GS-9) and chemotypes (IIHR-GS-44) which can be utilized for the commercial exploitation or can serve as pre-breeding materials in the crop improvement programmes.
Ultra-thin and flexible microwave metasurface absorbers based on resistive patches
Authors: Raptis Savvas I. , Ntokos Konstantinos , Passia Maria-Thaleia , Tourlouki Konstantina , Kehagias Nikolaos , Kriezis Emmanouil E. , Yioultsis Traianos V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We introduce a systematic approach for designing ultrathin, flexible, and polarization-insensitive metasurface absorbers (MSAs), suitable for aviation applications, such as radar cross-section reduction of unmanned aerial vehicles. Metal-backed resistive patches are arranged on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate of thickness about 1/100 of the operating wavelength, classifying the absorbers as ultrathin. The ultralow weight of the proposed MSAs is crucial for the targeted aviation applications, to ensure airworthiness. A narrowband uniform MSA is designed to achieve maximum absorption and serves as a starting point to synthesize a broadband and polarization-insensitive

$3 \times 3$

absorber supercell. The non-uniform absorber is systematically designed by a fast semi-analytical method. The proposed absorbers have been fabricated and experimentally tested both on flat and cylindrical curved surfaces, with measurements being in very good agreement with the corresponding simulations, and corroborate the high absorption and broadband behavior of the proposed non-uniform ultrathin and flexible absorber.
Dual-band high isolation eight element MIMO antenna using self decoupling technique for 5G smartphone
Authors: Dey Soumik , Dey Sukomal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Massive multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) antenna is required to meet the high data transmission rate in the current 5G and future 6G mobile communication. This paper presents a novel eight-port dual-band MIMO antenna operated within the 5G new radios N77 and N79 band. The designed MIMO incorporates a self-decoupling method to obtain high isolation of 22.96 and 25 dB at the two resonances 3.48 and 4.92 GHz, respectively. The basic antenna element consists of coupling between a staircase slot and a half-wavelength size loop branch. Additionally, an inverted U-shaped microstrip section is integrated with the radiating unit to serve the purpose of self-decoupling operation. The eight antennas are symmetrically located on the two narrow substrates (of size 5.8 × 150 mm2) as a pair of four arrays. The narrow substrates make the metal rim of the 5.5″ display mobile smartphone. The designed MIMO is practically realized and experimentally tested to validate the working mechanism. The envelope correlation coefficient and peak channel capacity are obtained as 0.174 and 35.5 bps/Hz in the lower frequency and 0.069 and 39.1 bps/Hz in the higher frequency.
Prevalence of mental disorders in adult populations from the Global South following exposure to natural hazards: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kip A. , Valencia S. , Glunz E. , Lowe S. R. , Tam K.-P. , Morina N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
Although natural hazards (e.g., tropical cyclones, earthquakes) disproportionately affect developing countries, most research on their mental health impact has been conducted in high-income countries. We aimed to summarize prevalences of mental disorders in Global South populations (classified according to the United Nations Human Development Index) affected by natural hazards.

Methods
To identify eligible studies for this meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science up to February 13, 2024, for observational studies with a cross-sectional or longitudinal design that reported on at least 100 adult survivors of natural hazards in a Global South population and assessed mental disorders with a validated instrument at least 1 month after onset of the hazard. Main outcomes were the short- and long-term prevalence estimates of mental disorders. The project was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023396622).

Results
We included 77 reports of 75 cross-sectional studies (six included a non-exposed control group) comprising 82,400 individuals. We found high prevalence estimates for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population (26.0% [95% CI 18.5–36.3]; I2 = 99.0%) and depression (21.7% [95% CI 10.5–39.6]; I2 = 99.2%) during the first year following the event, with similar prevalences observed thereafter (i.e., 26.0% and 23.4%, respectively). Results were similar for regions with vs. without recent armed conflict. In displaced samples, the estimated prevalence for PTSD was 46.5% (95% CI 39.0–54.2; k = 6; I2 = 93.3). We furthermore found higher symptom severity in exposed, versus unexposed, individuals. Data on other disorders were scarce, apart from short-term prevalence estimates of generalised anxiety disorder (15.9% [95% CI 4.7–42.0]; I2 = 99.4).

Conclusions
Global South populations exposed to natural hazards report a substantial burden of mental disease. These findings require further attention and action in terms of implementation of mental health policies and low-threshold interventions in the Global South in the aftermath of natural hazards. However, to accurately quantify the true extent of this public health challenge, we need more rigorous, well-designed epidemiological studies across diverse regions. This will enable informed decision making and resource allocation for those in need.
Seabed Seismographs Reveal Duration and Structure of Longest Runout Sediment Flows on Earth
Authors: Baker Megan L. , Talling Peter J. , Burnett Richard , Pope Ed L. , Ruffell Sean C. , Urlaub Morelia , Clare Michael A. , Jenkins Jennifer , Dietze Michael , Neasham Jeffrey , Silva Jacinto Ricardo , Hage Sophie , Hasenhündl Martin , Simmons Steve M. , Heerema Catharina J. , Heijnen Maarten S. , Kunath Pascal , Cartigny Matthieu J. B. , McGhee Claire , Parsons Daniel R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTurbidity currents carve the deepest canyons on Earth, deposit its largest sediment accumulations, and break seabed telecommunication cables. Powerful canyon‐flushing turbidity currents break sensors placed in their path, making them notoriously challenging to measure, and thus poorly understood. This study provides the first remote measurements of canyon‐flushing flows, using ocean‐bottom seismographs located outside the flow's destructive path, revolutionizing flow monitoring. We recorded the internal dynamics of the longest sediment flows yet monitored on Earth, which traveled >1,000 km down the Congo Canyon‐Channel at 3.7–7.6 m s−1 and lasted >3 weeks. These observations allow us to test fundamental models for turbidity current behavior and reveal that flows contain dense and fast frontal‐zones up to ∼400 km in length. These frontal‐zones developed near‐uniform durations and speeds for hundreds of kilometres despite substantial seabed erosion, enabling flows to rapidly transport prodigious volumes of organic carbon, sediment, and warm water to the deep‐sea.
Global Distribution of Martian Upstream Magnetosonic Waves Observed by MAVEN
Authors: Pang Shuyue , Fu Song , Yun Xiaotong , Jin Taifeng , Cao Xing , Du Hengle , Ma Xin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUtilizing Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations from October 2014 to May 2023, we perform a detailed survey of magnetosonic waves generated in the solar wind (refer to as upstream MS waves), with frequencies near the proton gyrofrequency in the solar wind environment. The distribution of the solar wind‐generated MS waves has been carefully investigated, including in the solar wind and in the Martian magnetosphere by propagation. The results show that these MS waves are widely distributed below the Martian bow shock but are more concentrated below the magnetic pileup boundary, particularly in the subsolar region. The waves possess higher occurrence rates on the dayside with larger amplitudes; the occurrence rates also show dusk‐side‐preferred asymmetry. The Martian crustal magnetic field can prevent MS waves from penetrating into lower altitudes, while higher solar dynamic pressure benefits their penetration. The wave amplitudes exhibit a weak positive correlation with the solar wind dynamic pressure. These obtained global distribution features of Martian upstream MS waves observed by MAVEN are valuable to improve current understanding of the dynamic variations of Martian charged particles and the underlying contribution of wave‐particle interactions driven by MS waves.
MS-DIAL 5 multimodal mass spectrometry data mining unveils lipidome complexities
Authors: Takeda Hiroaki , Matsuzawa Yuki , Takeuchi Manami , Takahashi Mikiko , Nishida Kozo , Harayama Takeshi , Todoroki Yoshimasa , Shimizu Kuniyoshi , Sakamoto Nami , Oka Takaki , Maekawa Masashi , Chung Mi Hwa , Kurizaki Yuto , Kiuchi Saki , Tokiyoshi Kanako , Buyantogtokh Bujinlkham , Kurata Misaki , Kvasnička Aleš , Takeda Ushio , Uchino Haruki , Hasegawa Mayu , Miyamoto Junki , Tanabe Kana , Takeda Shigenori , Mori Tetsuya , Kumakubo Ryota , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Yoshino Tomoko , Okamoto Mami , Takahashi Hidenori , Arita Makoto , Tsugawa Hiroshi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLipidomics and metabolomics communities comprise various informatics tools; however, software programs handling multimodal mass spectrometry (MS) data with structural annotations guided by the Lipidomics Standards Initiative are limited. Here, we provide MS-DIAL 5 for in-depth lipidome structural elucidation through electron-activated dissociation (EAD)-based tandem MS and determining their molecular localization through MS imaging (MSI) data using a species/tissue-specific lipidome database containing the predicted collision-cross section values. With the optimized EAD settings using 14 eV kinetic energy, the program correctly delineated lipid structures for 96.4% of authentic standards, among which 78.0% had the sn-, OH-, and/or C = C positions correctly assigned at concentrations exceeding 1 μM. We showcased our workflow by annotating the sn- and double-bond positions of eye-specific phosphatidylcholines containing very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs), characterized as PC n-3-VLC-PUFA/FA. Using MSI data from the eye and n-3-VLC-PUFA-supplemented HeLa cells, we identified glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase as an enzyme candidate responsible for incorporating n-3 VLC-PUFAs into the sn1 position of phospholipids in mammalian cells, which was confirmed using EAD-MS/MS and recombinant proteins in a cell-free system. Therefore, the MS-DIAL 5 environment, combined with optimized MS data acquisition methods, facilitates a better understanding of lipid structures and their localization, offering insights into lipid biology.
A spin-refrigerated cavity quantum electrodynamic sensor
Authors: Wang Hanfeng , Tiwari Kunal L. , Jacobs Kurt , Judy Michael , Zhang Xin , Englund Dirk R. , Trusheim Matthew E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuantum sensors based on solid-state defects, in particular nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, enable precise measurement of magnetic fields, temperature, rotation, and electric fields. Cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) readout, in which an NV ensemble is hybridized with a microwave mode, can overcome limitations in optical spin detection and has resulted in leading magnetic sensitivities at the pT-level. This approach, however, remains far from the intrinsic spin-projection noise limit due to thermal Johnson-Nyquist noise and spin saturation effects. Here we tackle these challenges by combining recently demonstrated spin refrigeration techniques with comprehensive nonlinear modeling of the cQED sensor operation. We demonstrate that the optically-polarized NV ensemble simultaneously provides magnetic sensitivity and acts as a heat sink for the deleterious thermal microwave noise background, even when actively probed by a microwave field. Optimizing the NV-cQED system, we demonstrate a broadband sensitivity of 576 ± 6 fT/$$\sqrt{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}$$

Hz

around 15 kHz in ambient conditions. We then discuss the implications of this approach for the design of future magnetometers, including near-projection-limited devices approaching 3 fT/$$\sqrt{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}$$

Hz

sensitivity enabled by spin refrigeration.
E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF10 promotes dissociation of stalled ribosomes and responds to ribosomal subunit imbalance
Authors: Lehmann Janina A. , Lindner Doris , Sung Hsu-Min , Stoecklin Georg 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAberrant translation causes ribosome stalling, which leads to the ubiquitination of ribosomal proteins and induces ribosome-associated quality control. As part of this quality control process, the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF10 monoubiquitinates ribosomal protein RPS3. Here, we demonstrate that RNF10-mediated RPS3 monoubiquitination antagonizes ribosomal half-mer formation by promoting dissociation of 40S subunits from ribosomes stalled during translation elongation. Interestingly, RNF10 also promotes dissociation of 40S subunits stalled during aberrant translation initiation. Moreover, RNF10 levels are tightly coupled to the amount of 40S subunits. Knockdown of RPS proteins, which abrogates 40S ribosome biogenesis, results in proteasomal degradation of RNF10. Vice versa, knockdown of RPL proteins, which abrogates 60S biogenesis, leads to the accumulation of stalled initiating 40S subunits, increased RNF10 levels, and RPS3 monoubiquitination. As a factor required for the resolution of stalled translation events, RNF10 is part of a fundamental mechanism by which cells respond to imbalances in ribosomal subunit stoichiometry.
Element-specific X-Ray detection of electron paramagnetic resonance in thin films of quantum bits
Authors: Doll Andrin , Xu Zhewen , Romankov Vladyslav , Boero Giovanni , Rusponi Stefano , Brune Harald , Salman Zaher , Dreiser Jan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElement-specific magnetism accessible by synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy has proven to be valuable to study spin and orbital moments of transition metals and lanthanides in technologically relevant thin-film and monolayer samples. The access to coherent spin superposition states relevant for emergent quantum technologies remains, however, elusive with ordinary X-ray spectroscopy. Here, we approach the study of such quantum-coherent states via the X-ray detection of microwave-driven electron paramagnetic resonance, which involves much smaller signal levels than X-ray detected ferromagnetic resonance on classical magnets. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach with thin films of phthalocyanine-based metal complexes containing copper or vanadium centers. We also identify X-ray specific phenomena that we relate to charge trapping of secondary electrons resulting from the decay of the X-ray excited core-hole state. Our findings pave the way toward the element-specific X-ray detection of coherent superposition states in monolayers of atomic and molecular spins on virtually arbitrary surfaces.
Use of epigenetically modified bacteriophage and dual beta-lactams to treat a Mycobacterium abscessus sternal wound infection
Authors: Cristinziano Madison , Shashkina Elena , Chen Liang , Xiao Jaime , Miller Melissa B. , Doligalski Christina , Coakley Raymond , Lobo Leonard Jason , Footer Brent , Bartelt Luther , Abad Lawrence , Russell Daniel A. , Garlena Rebecca , Lauer Michael J. , Viland Maggie , Kaganovsky Ari , Mowry Emily , Jacobs-Sera Deborah , van Duin David , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Hatfull Graham F. , Friedland Anne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infections are challenging to manage and are frequently non-responsive to aggressive but poorly-tolerated antibiotic therapies. Immunosuppressed lung transplant patients are susceptible to NTM infections and poor patient outcomes are common. Bacteriophages present an alternative treatment option and are associated with favorable clinical outcomes. Similarly, dual beta-lactam combinations show promise in vitro, but clinical use is sparse. We report here a patient with an uncontrolled Mycobacterium abscessus infection following a bilateral lung transplant and failed antibiotic therapy. Both smooth and rough colony morphotype strains were initially present, but treatment with two phages that kill the rough strain – including epigenetic-modification to overcome restriction – resulted in isolation of only the smooth strain. The rough and smooth strains have similar antibiotic susceptibilities suggesting that the phages specifically eliminated the rough strain. Dual beta-lactam therapy with meropenem and ceftazidime-avibactam provided further clinical improvement, and the phages act synergistically with meropenem in vitro.
Measuring competing outcomes of a single-molecule reaction reveals classical Arrhenius chemical kinetics
Authors: Keenan Pieter J. , Purkiss Rebecca M. , Klamroth Tillmann , Sloan Peter A. , Rusimova Kristina R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProgramming matter one molecule at a time is a long-standing goal in nanoscience. The atomic resolution of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) can give control over the probability of inducing single-outcome single-molecule reactions. Here we show it is possible to measure and influence the outcome of a single-molecule reaction with multiple competing outcomes. By precise injection of electrons from an STM tip, toluene molecules are induced to react with two outcomes: switching to an adjacent site or desorption. Within a voltage range set by the electronic structure of the molecule-surface system, we see that the branching ratio between these two outcomes is dependent on the excess energy the exciting electron carries. Using known values, ab initio DFT calculations and empirical models, we conclude that this excess energy leads to a heating of a common intermediate physisorbed state and gives control over the two outcomes via their energy barriers and prefactors.
Transcription factors ASCL1 and OLIG2 drive glioblastoma initiation and co-regulate tumor cell types and migration
Authors: Myers Bianca L. , Brayer Kathryn J. , Paez-Beltran Luis E. , Villicana Estrella , Keith Matthew S. , Suzuki Hideaki , Newville Jessie , Anderson Rebekka H. , Lo Yunee , Mertz Conner M. , Kollipara Rahul K. , Borromeo Mark D. , Lu Q. Richard , Bachoo Robert M. , Johnson Jane E. , Vue Tou Yia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlioblastomas (GBMs) are highly aggressive, infiltrative, and heterogeneous brain tumors driven by complex genetic alterations. The basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors ASCL1 and OLIG2 are dynamically co-expressed in GBMs; however, their combinatorial roles in regulating the plasticity and heterogeneity of GBM cells are unclear. Here, we show that induction of somatic mutations in subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitor cells leads to the dysregulation of ASCL1 and OLIG2, which then function redundantly and are required for brain tumor formation in a mouse model of GBM. Subsequently, the binding of ASCL1 and OLIG2 to each other’s loci and to downstream target genes then determines the cell types and degree of migration of tumor cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) reveals that a high level of ASCL1 is key in specifying highly migratory neural stem cell (NSC)/astrocyte-like tumor cell types, which are marked by upregulation of ribosomal protein, oxidative phosphorylation, cancer metastasis, and therapeutic resistance genes.
Deep mutation, insertion and deletion scanning across the Enterovirus A proteome reveals constraints shaping viral evolution
Authors: Bakhache William , Symonds-Orr Walker , McCormick Lauren , Dolan Patrick T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Insertions and deletions (InDels) are essential to protein evolution. In RNA viruses, InDels contribute to the emergence of viruses with new phenotypes, including altered host engagement and tropism. However, the tolerance of viral proteins for InDels has not been extensively studied. Here, we conduct deep mutational scanning to map and quantify the mutational tolerance of a complete viral proteome to insertion, deletion and substitution. We engineered approximately 45,000 insertions, 6,000 deletions and 41,000 amino acid substitutions across the nearly 2,200 coding positions of the Enterovirus A71 proteome, quantifying their effects on viral fitness by population sequencing. The vast majority of InDels are lethal to the virus, tolerated at only a few hotspots. Some of these hotspots overlap with sites of host recognition and immune engagement, suggesting tolerance at these sites reflects the important role InDels have played in the past phenotypic diversification of Enterovirus A.
Global climatological dataset of undersea acoustic parameters derived from the NCEI World Ocean Atlas 2023
Authors: Chu Peter C. , Fan Chenwu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAcoustics is most effective in undersea detection, localization, and communication. Establishment of a global climatological dataset of undersea acoustic parameters becomes urgent. In building such a dataset, first we use the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater-2010 (TEOS-10) to calculate the sound speed (SS) from the gridded temperature and salinity fields of the NOAA/NCEI World Ocean Atlas 2023. Second, we determine the depth of overall minimum from SS profile as the deep sound channel (DSC) axis depth, the depth of overall maximum between the surface and DSC axis as the sonic layer depth (SLD), the depth of the local minimum between SLD and DSC axis as the second sound channel (SSC) depth, and the depth with the SS equalling the maximum SS as the critical depth. Third, we obtain the SS at the surface, SLD, DSC axis, and SSC axis. Fourth, we determine the other acoustic parameters such as In-layer gradient, below layer gradient, DSC strength, SSC strength, depth excess, and surface duct cut-off frequency. The dataset is publicly available.