bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of beam configuration with inaccurate or incomplete small field output factors on the accuracy of treatment planning dose calculation
Authors: Sendani Neda Gholizadeh , Karimian Alireza , Mahdavi S. Rabie , Jabbari Iraj , Alaei Parham 
Published: August 2019

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of beam configuration with inaccurate or incomplete small field output factors on the accuracy of dose calculations in treatment planning systems.MethodsOutput factors were measured using various detectors and for a range of field sizes. Three types of treatment machines were configured in two treatment planning systems. In the first (corrected) machine, the Exradin W1 scintillator was used to determine output factors. In the second (uncorrected) machine, the measured output factors by the A1SL ion chamber without considering output correction factors for small field sizes were utilized. In the third (clinical) machine, measured output factors by the Exradin W1 were used but not for field sizes smaller than 2 × 2 cm2. The dose computed by the anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA), Acuros XB (AXB) and collapsed cone convolution/superposition (CCC) algorithms in the three machines were delivered using static (jaw‐, MLC‐, and jaw/MLC‐defined), and composite [intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)] fields. The differences between measured and calculated dose values were analyzed.ResultsFor static fields, the percentage differences between measured and calculated doses by the three algorithms in three configured machines were <2% for field sizes larger than 2 × 2 cm2. In jaw‐ and jaw/MLC‐defined fields smaller than 2 × 2 cm2, the corrected machine presented better agreement with measurement. Considering output correction factors in MLC‐defined fields, among the three configured machines, the accuracy of calculation improved to within ±0.5%. For MLC‐defined field size of 1 × 1 cm2, AXB showed the smallest percentage difference (1%). In IMRT and VMAT plans, the percentage differences between measured and calculated doses at the isocenter, as well as the gamma analysis of different plans, which include field sizes larger than 3 × 3 cm2, did not vary noticeably. For smaller field sizes, using the corrected machine influences dose calculation accuracy.ConclusionConfiguration with corrected output factors improves accuracy of dose calculation for static field sizes smaller than 2 × 2 cm2. For very small fields, the robustness of the dose calculation algorithm affects the accuracy of dose as well. In IMRT and VMAT plans, which include small subfields, the size of the jaw‐defined field is an important factor and using corrected output factors increases dose calculation accuracy.
Finite thermo‐elastic decoupled two‐scale analysis
Authors: Fleischhauer Robert , Thomas Tom , Kato Junji , Terada Kenjiro , Kaliske Michael 
Published: August 2019

SummaryEngineering structures are often characterized by different structural properties, depending on the length scale under consideration. Fiber reinforced composites are determined, eg, by a heterogeneous microstructure, but are sufficiently described by homogeneous characteristics at their macroscopic level. Moreover, different loading situations, eg, of thermal or mechanical nature, require the consideration of multiphysical equilibrium states. The challenging engineering task is the computation of the effective material properties of these different loading scenarios. The contribution at hand introduces a finite thermo‐elastic two‐scale analysis, where the effective macroscopic material properties are computed in a decoupled manner with respect to the different length scales.
VS30 mapping and site characterization in the seismically active intraplate region of Western India: implications for risk mitigation
Authors: Sairam B. , Singh A. P. , Patel Vandana , Chopra Sumer , Kumar M. Ravi 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWe carried out shallow subsurface investigations at 600 sites covering all types of geological units in the Northwestern Deccan Volcanic Province of India, using the multichannel analysis of surface waves and suspension PS‐logging methods. The results reveal that VS30 values are in the range of 760–1500 m/s for granites and Deccan traps, thus enabling their classification as B‐class, as per the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program recommendations. The Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic and Paleoproterozoic sediments show VS30 values between 360 and 760 m/s, and hence, are assigned C‐class. Further, the Quaternary soils are categorized as D‐class, since they show VS30 in the range of 180–360 m/s. Also, the Holocene tidal flat and Rann sediments are classified as E‐class, since the VS30 values are less than 180 m/s. The observed site response reveals that the D‐ and E‐type soils have significantly higher seismic amplification than that in the B‐ and C‐category soils. We noticed that the buildings on D‐ and E‐classes soils experienced higher damage than those on the B‐ and C‐classes, during the past large earthquakes in the Northwestern Deccan Volcanic Province. Our study suggests that VS30 is a good proxy for soil classifications in the Northwestern Deccan Volcanic Province. We validated our results using available geological, geophysical and geotechnical data. For the first time, a regional site characterization map for the Northwestern Deccan Volcanic Province of India is prepared based on geology and VS30.
Exponential stability analysis for 2D discrete switched systems with state delays
Authors: Badie Khalid , Alfidi Mohammed , Chalh Zakaria 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the delay‐dependent exponential stability analysis of two‐dimensional (2D) discrete switched systems with state delays described by the Roesser model; the delays under consideration are varying. By constructing an appropriate Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and using the average dwell time approach, new delay‐dependent sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of the system under study are proposed. In order to obtain less conservative conditions, the delay partitioning method is adopted as well as the free‐weighting matrix technique. The proposed conditions are formulated in the format of linear matrix inequality. The effectiveness and the reduced conservatism of the developed results are shown by illustrative examples.
Coupling Nonlinear Magneto‐Thermal Problems in Frequency Domain with the Mechanical Field
Authors: Roppert Klaus , Toth Florian , Kaltenbacher Manfred 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates a computationally efficient strategy for simulating induction heating processes, using a multiharmonic ansatz and harmonic balancing for the solution of the nonlinear magnetic eddy current problem in frequency domain. In order to increase the flexibility of the meshing procedure and decrease the number of degrees of freedom, a methodology for nonconforming interfaces and Nédéléc edge elements is presented. The verification of the proposed method is carried out by comparison to the conform (conforming mesh) solution. Furthermore, the results from the eddy current problem are used to simulate the temperature distrubution in a thin steel sheet and compute the resulting stresses.
The curvature of an evaporating meniscus in a pressure driven flow through cylindrical pores
Authors: Loimer Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe pressure driven flow of a vapor near saturation through an anodic alumina membrane with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a pore diameter of 37 nm is considered. Near saturation, the vapor condenses and liquid flows trough a part of the membrane. By applying a theoretical description of the flow process, the curvature of the menisci is determined from mass flow data. It is assumed that the downstream front of the membrane is either adiabatic, or diabatic, or it is connected via a heat transfer coefficient to the environment. In addition, an isothermal description of the flow is applied. Depending on the boundary condition or the description of the flow, the curvature of the meniscus within the membrane varies greatly.
Establishment of the MID‐NET® medical information database network as a reliable and valuable database for drug safety assessments in Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Mitsune , Inomata Satomi , Harada Sayoko , Matsuzaki Yu , Kawaguchi Maiko , Ujibe Mayuko , Kishiba Mari , Fujimura Yoshiaki , Kimura Michio , Murata Koichiro , Nakashima Naoki , Nakayama Masaharu , Ohe Kazuhiko , Orii Takao , Sueoka Eizaburo , Suzuki Takahiro , Yokoi Hideto , Takahashi Fumitaka , Uyama Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo establish a new medical information database network (designated MID‐NET®) to provide real‐world data for drug safety assessments in Japan.MethodsThis network was designed and developed by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency in collaboration with 23 hospitals from 10 healthcare organizations across Japan. MID‐NET® is a distributed and closed network system that connects all collaborative organizations through a central data center. A wide variety of data are available for analyses, including clinical and administrative information. Several coding standards are used to standardize the data stored in MID‐NET® to allow the integration of information originating from different hospitals. A rigorous and consistent quality management system was implemented to ensure that MID‐NET® data are of high quality and meet Japanese regulatory standards (good post‐marketing study practice and related guidelines).ResultsMID‐NET® was successfully established as a reliable and valuable medical information database and was officially launched in April 2018. High data quality with almost 100% consistency was confirmed between original data in hospitals and the data stored in MID‐NET®. A major advantage is that approximately 260 clinical laboratory test results are available for analysis.ConclusionsMID‐NET® is expected to be a major data source for drug safety assessments in Japan. Experiences and best practices established in MID‐NET® may provide a model for the future development of similar database networks.
Predictors of Warfarin Time in Therapeutic Range after Continuous‐Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Henderson James B. , Iyer Prashanth , Coniglio Amanda C. , Katz Jason N. , Chien Christopher , Hollis Ian B. 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionPatients with a continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (CF‐LVAD) require anticoagulation with a vitamin K antagonist to prevent thromboembolic events. Fluctuations in the international normalized ratio are associated with both increased thrombotic and bleeding episodes. To date, risk factors for low time in therapeutic range (TTR) among ambulatory patients with a CF‐LVAD have not been explored.MethodsA retrospective single‐center analysis of 121 patients implanted with a CF‐LVAD was performed. International normalized ratios were systematically recorded from the initial postdischarge outpatient visit to 12 months of time on the device. Risk factors for low TTR were evaluated using a multivariable linear regression analysis. Each of the 21 independent variables was entered into a stepwise regression designed to minimize the Akaike information criteria.ResultsIn the multivariable analysis, the model output revealed that every 1‐year increase in age was associated with a 0.4% increase in TTR (p=0.008), and every 1 mile further from clinic was associated with a 0.08% increase in TTR (p=0.03). Female sex was associated with a 10.1% decrease in TTR (p=0.04), type 2 diabetes was associated with an 11.5% decrease in TTR (p=0.006), and prior warfarin use was associated with an 8.3% decrease in TTR (p=0.03).ConclusionIn CF‐LVAD recipients receiving warfarin, increasing age and distance from clinic are independent predictors of higher TTR. Female sex, type 2 diabetes, and prior warfarin use are independent predictors of lower TTR.
Degradable cellulose‐based polymer brushes with controlled grafting densities
Authors: Olszewski Mateusz , Li Lingchun , Xie Guojun , Keith Andrew , Sheiko Sergei S. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTCellulose‐based polymer brushes with variable grafting densities and low dispersity were synthesized by grafting poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PBA) side chains from cellulose‐derived backbones via ATRP. Esterification of commercially available cellulose acetate with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide (2‐BiBB) in NMP provided cellulose‐based macroinitiators averaging one initiation site per double glucose unit. ATRP macroinitiators averaging up to 6 initiation sites per repeating double glucose unit were prepared by acylation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in LiCl/DMAc solvent system with 2‐BiBB. A series of linear macroinitiators with narrow MWD were obtained by fractional precipitation process. The content of initiating sites was determined by elemental analysis. (Meth)acrylate side chains were then grafted from the cellulose‐based macroinitiators. The prepared cellulose‐based polymer brushes showed tunable degradation rates dependent on grafting density of the brush, following two different degradation pathways, either cleavage of the main chain or detachment of the side chains. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2426–2435
Characterization of Micro‐ and Nanoscale LuPO4:Pr3+,Nd3+ with Strong UV‐C Emission to Reduce X‐Ray Doses in Radiation Therapy
Authors: Espinoza Sara , Müller Matthias , Jenneboer Heike , Peulen Lukas , Bradley Tiara , Purschke Martin , Haase Markus , Rahmanzadeh Ramtin , Jüstel Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUV‐C emitting nanoscale scintillators can be used to sensitize cancer cells selectively against X‐rays during radiation therapy, due to the lethal DNA lesions caused by UV‐C photons. Unfortunately, nanoscale particles (NPs) show decreased UV‐C emission intensity. In this paper, the influence of different Nd3+ concentrations on the UV‐C emission of micro‐ and nanoscale LuPO4:Pr3+ is investigated upon X‐ray irradiation and vacuum UV excitation (160 nm). Co‐doped LuPO4 results in increased UV‐C emission independent of excitation source due to energy transfer from Nd3+ to Pr3+. The highest UV‐C emission intensity is observed for LuPO4:Pr3+,Nd3+(1%,2.5%) upon X‐ray irradiation. Finally, LuPO4 NPs co‐doped with different dopant concentrations are synthesized, and the biological efficacy of the combined approach (X‐rays and UV‐C) is assessed using the colony formation assay. Cell culture experiments confirm increased cell death compared to X‐rays alone due to the formation of UV‐specific DNA damages, supporting the feasibility of this approach.
A Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Model for the Prediction of Monoclonal Antibody Pharmacokinetics FromIn VitroData
Authors: Jones Hannah M. , Zhang Zhiwei , Jasper Paul , Luo Haobin , Avery Lindsay B. , King Lindsay E. , Neubert Hendrik , Barton Hugh A. , Betts Alison M. , Webster Robert 
Published: August 2019

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) pharmacokinetics (PK) have largely been predicted via allometric scaling with little consideration for cross‐species differences in neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) affinity or clearance/distribution mechanisms. To address this, we developed amAb physiologically‐basedPKmodel that describes the intracellular trafficking and FcRn recycling ofmAbs in a human FcRn transgenic homozygous mouse and human. This model usesmAb‐specificin vitrodata together with species‐specific FcRn tissue expression, tissue volume, and blood‐flow physiology to predictmAbin vivolinearPKa priori. The model accurately predicts the terminal half‐life of 90% of themAbs investigated within a twofold error. The mechanistic nature of this model allows us to not only predict linearPKfromin vitrodata but also explorethe PKand target binding ofmAbs engineered to havepH‐dependent binding to its target or FcRn and could aid in the selection ofmAbs with optimal PK and pharmacodynamic properties.
Immunological microenvironment in the testis
Authors: Qu Ning , Ogawa Yuki , Kuramasu Miyuki , Nagahori Kenta , Sakabe Kou , Itoh Masahiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe testis is specific in that it produces haploid germ cells of which autoantigens newly appear long after the neonatal immune tolerance. Under normal condition, these autoantigens are protected by the blood‐testis barrier formed by Sertoli cells. Thus, the testis is an immunologically privileged site where haploid cells are protected from autoimmune attack.MethodsThe immunological microenvironment in the testis was experimentally investigated using mice and rats.Main findingsNot only the blood‐testis barrier but also various immuno‐suppressive factors are involved in the immune‐privileged testis. Indeed, germ cells transplanted into the xenogeneic seminiferous tubules could proliferate and differentiate with no aid of artificial immunosuppression. On the other hand, autoimmune orchitis could be experimentally produced by various methods of immunization with syngeneic or xenogeneic germ cell antigens.ConclusionOur results indicate that the testis is immunologically privileged but also immunologically fragile organ. Therefore, the dual nature is critical for immunoregulation of testicular function.
Sliding‐mode fault‐tolerant control using the control allocation scheme
Authors: Argha Ahmadreza , Su Steven W. , Zheng Wei Xing , Celler Branko G. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper is devoted to the design of a novel fault‐tolerant control (FTC) using the combination of a robust sliding‐mode control (SMC) strategy and a control allocation (CA) algorithm, referred to as a CA‐based sliding‐mode FTC (SMFTC). The proposed SMFTC can also be considered a modular‐design control strategy. In this approach, first, a high‐level SMC, designed without detailed knowledge of systems' actuators/effectors, commands a vector of virtual control signals to meet the overall control objectives. Then, a CA algorithm distributes the virtual control efforts among the healthy actuators/effectors using the real‐time information obtained from a fault detection and reconstruction mechanism. As the underlying system is not assumed to have a rank‐deficient input matrix, the control allocator module is visible to the SMC module resulting in an uncertainty. Hence, the virtual control, in this scheme, is designed to be robust against uncertainties emanating from the visibility of the control allocator to the controller and imperfections in the estimated effectiveness gain. The proposed CA‐based SMFTC scheme is a unified FTC, which does not need to reconfigure the control system in the case of actuator fault or failure. Additionally, to cope with actuator saturation limits, a novel redistributed pseudoinverse‐based CA mechanism is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes is discussed with a numerical example.
Radiation mitigation of the intestinal acute radiation injury in mice by 1-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-phenylpiperazine
Authors: Duhachek-Muggy Sara , Bhat Kruttika , Medina Paul , Cheng Fei , He Ling , Alli Claudia , Saki Mohammad , Muthukrishnan Sree Deepthi , Ruffenach Gregoire , Eghbali Mansoureh , Vlashi Erina , Pajonk Frank 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify the mechanism of action for a radiation mitigator of the gastrointestinal (GI) acute radiation syndrome (ARS), identified in an unbiased high-throughput screen. We used mice irradiated with a lethal dose of radiation and treated with daily injections of the radiation mitigator 1-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-phenylpiperazine to study its effects on key pathways involved in intestinal stem cell (ISC) maintenance. RNASeq, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry were performed to identify pathways engaged after drug treatment. Target validation was performed with competition assays, reporter cells, and in silico docking. 1-[(4-Nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-phenylpiperazine activates Hedgehog signaling by binding to the transmembrane domain of Smoothened, thereby expanding the ISC pool, increasing the number of regenerating crypts and preventing the GI-ARS. We conclude that Smoothened is a target for radiation mitigation in the small intestine that could be explored for use in radiation accidents as well as to mitigate normal tissue toxicity during and after radiotherapy of the abdomen.

Significance statement Exposure to lethal doses of ionizing radiation manifests in a symptom complex that is summarized as acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and the extent of radiation damage to the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal (GI) systems codetermine the acute survival of the exposed individual. So far, no person who experienced a full-scale GI-ARS has ever survived. This creates a—so far—mostly unmet need to develop countermeasures that mitigate the effects of lethal radiation doses when given after radiation exposure. This study presents that a piperazine compound prevents GI-ARS in mice when given 24 hours after a lethal dose of radiation and uncovers the underlying mechanism of action, thus providing a basis for a future rational development of effective radiation mitigators.
Deconstructed Microfluidic Bone Marrow On‐A‐Chip to Study Normal and Malignant Hemopoietic Cell–Niche Interactions
Authors: Aleman Julio , George Sunil K. , Herberg Samuel , Devarasetty Mahesh , Porada Christopher D. , Skardal Aleksander , Almeida‐Porada Graça 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman hematopoietic niches are complex specialized microenvironments that maintain and regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Thus far, most of the studies performed investigating alterations of HSPC‐niche dynamic interactions are conducted in animal models. Herein, organ microengineering with microfluidics is combined to develop a human bone marrow (BM)‐on‐a‐chip with an integrated recirculating perfusion system that consolidates a variety of important parameters such as 3D architecture, cell–cell/cell–matrix interactions, and circulation, allowing a better mimicry of in vivo conditions. The complex BM environment is deconvoluted to 4 major distinct, but integrated, tissue‐engineered 3D niche constructs housed within a single, closed, recirculating microfluidic device system, and equipped with cell tracking technology. It is shown that this technology successfully enables the identification and quantification of preferential interactions—homing and retention—of circulating normal and malignant HSPC with distinct niches.
How to evaluate an Internet of Things system: Models, case studies, and real developments
Authors: Sicari Sabrina , Rizzardi Alessandra , Coen‐Porisini Alberto 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe paper proposes the use of Node‐RED, a flow‐based programming tool targeted to Internet of Things (IoT), along with a series of case studies related to different IoT contexts, which demonstrate Node‐RED's potentialities and outcomings toward the realization of well‐structured IoT environments. The analyzed applications potentially include a wide range of domains, ranging from smart cities, smart buildings, smart homes/offices, smart retailing, to smart transportation, smart logistics, smart agriculture, smart health, military scenarios, and so on. The motivations behind the presented work are related to the fact that IoT application fields usually involve the same technologies and communication protocols, which are frequently adopted for totally different purposes. Issues such as systems' interoperabiliy, scalability, security and privacy naturally emerge, due to the huge amount of heterogeneous devices acting in the IoT environment itself and to the wireless nature of information transmissions. As a consequence, it is fundamental to dispose of adequate tools for supporting developers in design the network architecture and messages' exchange, in order to realize efficient and effective IoT network infrastructures.