bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercultural competence in higher education: academics’ perspectives
Authors: Pinto Susana 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to diagnose and understand Portuguese academics’ perspectives on the components of intercultural competence and on the importance of its development by higher education students.Design/methodology/approachAcademics’ perspectives were identified during two discussion and reflection sessions included in the overall training program Intercultural Competence in Higher Education: building proposals with academics that took place at a Portuguese public university. Data were collected through audio recordings of the two sessions and observation notes and were subject to content analysis, drawing on Deardorff’s process model of intercultural competence (2006).FindingsAcademics recognize the multidimensionality of intercultural competence, acknowledging that it comprises attitudes (acceptance and respect; curiosity and openness), knowledge (others’ cultural contexts; self-knowledge and cultural self-awareness) and skills (observation and listening) that altogether will lead to individuals’ desired internal and external outcomes. The development of intercultural competence by higher education students, regarded in close relation to higher education internationalization, is considered crucial for changing prejudiced attitudes, preparing students to live in a global world and empowering them professionally.Originality/valueThe study sheds light on an issue that has been insufficiently addressed by research: academics’ perspectives on intercultural competence development, namely, in the Portuguese higher education context.
Soluble galectin 9 potently enhanced regulatory T‐cell formation, a pathway impaired in patients with intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Zhao Ming‐Guang , Liang Guo‐Biao , Zhang Hai‐Feng , Zhao Guo‐Feng , Luo Yun‐He 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPatients with intracranial aneurysm (IA) present a dysregulated immune system with lower frequency of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Here, we examined whether galectin 9 (Gal‐9), the natural ligand of Tim‐3, could promote Treg cells in IA patients. We first discovered that the intracellular and extracellular Gal‐9 was primarily expressed by CD4+CD25− T conventional (Tconv) cells, and also by monocytes at lower levels, but rarely by CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. In IA patients, the Gal‐9 expression was significantly lower than in healthy controls. CD4+CD25− Tconv cells could be induced into Foxp3‐expressing induced Treg (iTreg) cells using a TGF‐β‐containing milieu. We found that soluble Gal‐9 significantly enhanced this process by potently upregulating the expression of Foxp3, IL‐10 and TGF‐β in a concentration‐dependent manner. In addition, in the absence of additional Gal‐9, the level of Foxp3 upregulation was directly correlated with the level of intrinsic Gal‐9 expression. Notably, the strength of external Gal‐9‐mediated effects was significantly lower in IA patients than in healthy controls. Using a Tim‐3 blocking antibody, we found that the promotion of iTreg development by soluble Gal‐9 was dependent on the Tim‐3 signalling pathway. Overall, our investigations demonstrated that Gal‐9 presented a critical role in the development of iTreg cells. However, this mechanism was impaired in IA patients due to lower expression of both Gal‐9 and Tim‐3.
Recurrence of pre‐eclampsia and the risk of future hypertension and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Brouwers L , van der Meiden‐van Roest AJ , Savelkoul C , Vogelvang TE , Lely AT , Franx A , van Rijn BB 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundWomen with a history of hypertensive disorders, including pre‐eclampsia, during pregnancy have a two‐ to‐five‐fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In 15% of women, pre‐eclampsia recurs in the following pregnancy.ObjectivesTo evaluate all evidence on the future risk of developing hypertension and CVD after multiple pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia compared with pre‐eclampsia in a single pregnancy followed by normal subsequent pregnancy.Search strategyEmbase and Medline were searched until June 2017.Selection criteriaAll relevant studies on the risk of developing hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), thromboembolism, heart failure or overall hospitalisation and mortality due to CVD after having had recurrent pre‐eclampsia.Data collection and analysisTwenty‐two studies were included in the review. When possible, we calculated pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI through random‐effect analysis.Main resultsRecurrent pre‐eclampsia was consistently associated with an increased pooled risk ratio of hypertension (RR 2.3; 95% CI 1.9–2.9), ischaemic heart disease (RR 2.4; 95% CI 2.2–2.7), heart failure (RR 2.9; 95% CI 2.3–3.7), CVA (RR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.6) and hospitalisation due to CVD (RR 1.6; 95% CI 1.3–1.9) when compared with women with subsequent uncomplicated pregnancies. Other studies on thromboembolism, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality found a positive effect, but data could not be pooled.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis support consistent higher risk for future development of hypertension and CVD in women with recurring pre‐eclampsia as opposed to women with a single episode of pre‐eclampsia.Tweetable abstractThe risk of future cardiovascular disease increases when women have recurrence of pre‐eclampsia compared with a single episode.
Medical Group Characteristics and the Cost and Quality of Care for Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Casalino Lawrence P. , Ramsay Patricia , Baker Laurence C. , Pesko Michael F. , Shortell Stephen M. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo estimate the relationship between outcomes of care and medical practices’ structure and use of organized care improvement processes.Data Sources/Study SettingWe linked Medicare claims data to our national survey of physician practices (2012–2013). Fifty percent response rate; 1,040 responding practices; 31,888 physicians; 868,213 attributed Medicare beneficiaries.Study DesignCross‐sectional observational analysis of the relationship between practice characteristics and total spending, readmissions, and ambulatory care–sensitive admissions (ACSAs), for all beneficiaries and five categories of beneficiary defined by predicted need for care.Principal FindingsPractices with 100+ physicians and 50–99 physicians had, respectively, annual spending per high‐need beneficiary that was $1,870 (12.5 percent) and $1,824 higher than practices with 1–2 physicians, and readmission rates 1.64 and 1.71 higher. ACSA rates did not vary significantly by practice size. Outcomes did not vary significantly by ownership or by practices’ use of organized processes to improve care.ConclusionsLarge practices had higher spending and readmission rates than the smallest practices, especially for high‐need beneficiaries. There were no significant performance differences between physician‐owned and hospital‐owned practices. Policy makers should consider the effects of specific policies on provider organization, pending further research to learn which types of practice provide better care.
Associations between dietary behaviours and perceived physical and mental health status among Korean adolescents
Authors: Park Subin , Rim Soo J. , Lee Junghyun H. 
Published: July 2018

AimTo investigate the associations between a wide range of dietary behaviours and self‐reported physical and mental health status in a representative sample of Korean adolescents.MethodsData from the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behaviour Web‐based Survey were used. Participants were middle‐ and high‐school students (n = 65 528) in grades 7–12. Participants’ dietary behaviours were assessed using questionnaires on three encouraged dietary behaviours (consumption of fruits, vegetables, and milk) and three discouraged behaviours (skipping breakfast and consumption of fast food and soft drinks). Participants were also asked to rate their perceived general and oral health, happiness, sleep satisfaction, stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation.ResultsAfter adjusting for sex, school grade, residential area, socioeconomic status, and other dietary behaviours, a high intake of fast food and soft drink and frequent skipping of breakfast were all associated with worse physical and mental health status. Moreover, a high intake of fruits, vegetables, and milk were associated with better perceived general health, oral health, happiness, and sleep satisfaction.ConclusionsOur data suggest that existing encouraged dietary habits mostly have beneficial effects on perceived physical and mental health in Korean adolescents. However, the cross‐sectional study design prevents our ability to assess causal relationships.
Improving the Antimicrobial Power of Low‐Effective Antimicrobial Molecules Through Nanotechnology
Authors: Ruiz‐Rico María , Pérez‐Esteve Édgar , de la Torre Cristina , Jiménez‐Belenguer Ana I. , Quiles Amparo , Marcos María D. , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Barat José M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe objective of this work was on the one hand to assess the antibacterial activity of amines anchored to the external surface of mesoporous silica particles against Listeria monocytogenes in comparison with the same dose of free amines as well. It was also our aim to elucidate the mechanism of action of the new antimicrobial device. The suitability of silica nanoparticles to anchor, concentrate and improve the antimicrobial power of polyamines against L. monocytogenes has been demonstrated in a saline solution and in a food matrix. Moreover, through microscope observations it has been possible to determine that the attractive binding forces between the positive amine corona on the surface of nanoparticles and the negatively charged bacteria membrane provoke a disruption of the cell membrane. The surface concentration of amines on the surface of the nanoparticles is so effective that immobilized‐amines were 100 times more effective in killing L. monocytogenes bacteria than the same amount of free polyamines. This novel approach for the creation of antimicrobial nanodevices opens the possibility to put in value the antimicrobial power of natural molecules that have been discarded because of its low antimicrobial power.Practical ApplicationConsumers demand for high‐quality products, free from chemical preservatives, with an extended shelf‐life. In this study, a really powerful antimicrobial agent based on a nanomaterial functionalized with a non‐antimicrobial organic molecule was developed as a proof of concept. Following this approach it could be possible to develop a new generation of natural and removable antimicrobials based on their anchoring to functional surfaces for food, agricultural or medical purposes.
Information flow around stock market collapse
Authors: Bossomaier Terry , Barnett Lionel , Steen Adam , Harré Mike , d'Alessandro Steve , Duncan Rod 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStrong correlations among share prices appear during a market transitions. Numerous measures have been proposed to predict crash events, but they all show a trend which peaks at the transition itself. Information flow among share prices peaks before a transition, whereas correlation‐based indices peak at the transition itself. The classic spin model used in physics describes one type of tipping point where there is a peak in information flow located away from the transition point itself and is thus predictive. Information theoretic metrics of this kind have not been applied to prediction in real‐world systems, such as stock markets.
Linkage disequilibrium pattern and genome‐wide association mapping for meat traits in multiple porcine F2crosses
Authors: Stratz P. , Schmid M. , Wellmann R. , Preuß S. , Blaj I. , Tetens J. , Thaller G. , Bennewitz J. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn the present study, data from four F2 crosses were analysed and used to study the linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure within and across the crosses. Genome‐wide association analyses (GWASes) for conductivity and dressing out meat traits were conducted using single‐marker and Bayesian multi‐marker models using the pooled data from all F2 crosses. Porcine F2 crosses generated from the distantly related founder breeds Wild Boar, Piétrain and Meishan, as well as from a porcine F2 cross from the closely related founder breed Piétrain and an F1 Large White × Landrace cross were pooled. A total of 2572 F2 animals were genotyped using a 62KSNPchip. The positions of theSNPs were based on genome assembly Sscrofa11.1. After post‐alignment and genotype filtering, approximately 50KSNPs were usable forLDstudies andGWASes. The main findings of the present study are that the breakdown ofLDwas faster in crosses from closely related founder breeds compared to crosses from distantly related founders. The fastest breakdown ofLDwas observed by pooling the data. Based on the single‐marker results andLDstructure, clusters and windows were built for 1‐Mb intervals. For conductivity and dressing out, 183 and 191 nominal significant associations respectively and six and five clusters respectively were found. Dominance was important for conductivity, and considering dominance inGWASes improved the mapping signals. Most clear signals were found for conductivity onSSC6, 8 and 15 and for dressing out onSSC2 and 7. Considering dominance might contribute to the accuracy of genomic selection and serve as a guide for choosing mating pairs with good combining abilities. However, further research is needed to investigate if dominance is also important in crossbreed pig breeding schemes.
Association between urinary incontinence and physical frailty in Korea
Authors: Kang Jiyoung , Kim Cheolhwan 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between urinary incontinence (UI) and physical frailty (PF).MethodsThe study participants (n = 404) who visited the geriatric clinic were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of UI based on questionnaire results. We analysed the relationship between each factor associated with PF and the risk of UI according to the number of factors associated with PF.ResultsUrinary incontinence was associated with grip strength and history of falls (P = 0.01, 0.02, respectively). The risk of UI increased as the patients’ number of PF‐related factors increased (P for trend = 0.04).ConclusionsThe risk of UI increased as the severity of PF increased. Strength and the experiences of falls were associated with UI.
Effects of plantar sensitivity on balance and mobility in community‐dwelling older adults: A Turkish study
Authors: Ünver Banu , Akbaş Eda 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association of regional plantar tactile sensitivity with balance and mobility in community‐dwelling older people.MethodsFifty‐five older adults (39 women and 16 men) mean age 73.5 ± 6.5 years participated in the study. Plantar tactile sensitivity was assessed at nine regions of the foot using Semmes‐Weinstein monofilaments. Balance and mobility of the subjects were evaluated with Berg Balance Scale and Rivermead Mobility Index, respectively.ResultsPlantar tactile sensitivity was not significantly correlated with balance and mobility scores. No significant differences were obtained when balance and mobility scores were compared between subjects with and without plantar sensitivity.ConclusionsThis study revealed that plantar tactile sensory was not associated with balance and mobility functions in older adults. This result may be related to the protection of other sensory systems supporting the maintenance of balance and mobility functions in physically active community‐dwelling older people.
Exploring the role of moral disengagement in the link between perceived narcissistic supervision and employees' organizational deviance: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng , Li Si , Liu Wenxing , Han Yi , Muhammad Naseer Akhtar 
Published: July 2018

Current research on leader narcissism has been predominantly centered on the intrapersonal perspective and discusses leader narcissism and associated behavioral outcomes. Few have adopted the interpersonal approach to explore the possible effects that leader narcissism can exert on their followers. Drawing on the social cognitive theory of moral disengagement, the present study aims to examine leader narcissism and followers' outcomes from the interpersonal perspective. We propose that perceived narcissistic supervision will lead to employees' organizational deviance via moral disengagement and that employees' moral identity will moderate the link between perceived narcissistic supervision and employees' moral disengagement; Moreover, there also exists a moderated mediation effect of employees' moral identity. Study 1, a three‐wave study conducted in 10 companies distributed among eight cities in China within 2 months, with a final sample containing 61 supervisors and 228 subordinates, preliminarily supported the main effect and the moderating effect of moral identity. In addition, we conducted a supplementary study on the basis of another three‐wave investigation with a sample of 195 employees, which replicated our research results in Study 1 and also verified the moderated mediation effect. Implications of the model are described, and future research directions are suggested.
Epsilon waves: Milestones in the discovery and progress
Authors: Li Guo-Liang , Saguner Ardan M. , Fontaine Guy Hugues , Frank Robert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Epsilon wave was first identified in 1977. Four decades of progress help people to better understand its pathological electrogenesis and diagnostic value. Currently, the Epsilon wave is on the list of the 2010 Task Force recommendations for the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD). In this review, we provide the history of the first recording of the Epsilon wave in coronary artery disease and Uhl's anomaly, subsequently leading to the signal averaging technique to record late potentials. Based on our experience, we discuss some existing controversies. When we look back at the decades of progress of the Epsilon wave, we conclude that the Epsilon wave is only the tip of the iceberg of ECG abnormalities in ARVD.
Obstetric emergencies as antecedents to neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, does parity matter?
Authors: Liljestrom Lena , Wikstrom Anna‐Karin , Jonsson Maria 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionOur aim was to investigate the risk of moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) by obstetric emergencies, with focus on the distribution of obstetric emergencies by parity, taking the history of a previous cesarean into account.Material and methodsPopulation‐based cohort study of 692 428 live births at ≥ 36 weeks of gestation in Sweden, 2009‐2015. Data were retrieved by linking the Swedish Medical Birth Register with the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register. Therapeutic hypothermia served as surrogate for moderate to severe HIE. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate associations between HIE and placental abruption, eclampsia, cord prolapse, uterine rupture, and shoulder dystocia, presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CI.ResultsAn obstetric emergency occurred in 133/464 (29%) of all HIE cases, more commonly in the parous (overall 37%; 48% with and 31% without a previous cesarean) than in the nulliparous (21%). Among nulliparas, shoulder dystocia was the most common obstetric emergency with the strongest association with HIE (aOR 48.2; 95% CI 28.2‐82.6). In parous women without a previous cesarean, shoulder dystocia was most common, but placental abruption had the strongest association with HIE. Among parous women with a previous cesarean, uterine rupture was the most prevalent obstetric emergency with the strongest association with HIE (aOR 45.6; 95% CI 24.5‐84.6).ConclusionsObstetric emergencies are common among cases of moderate to severe HIE. The strong association with shoulder dystocia in nullipara, and with uterine rupture in women with previous cesarean deliveries, implies an opportunity for reducing the incidence of HIE.
The moral self and moral identity: Developmental questions and conceptual challenges
Authors: Kingsford Jess M. , Hawes David J. , de Rosnay Marc 
Published: July 2018

Research into moral identity has provided much support for its role in mature moral functioning, yet the developmental course of this construct remains poorly understood. In this review, we examine the dominant developmental model of moral identity, which emphasizes its key relation with the moral self of early childhood. In reviewing evidence for the model, the assumption of correspondence between the moral self of early childhood and moral identity in adolescence is challenged, in terms of both the moral component and the sense‐of‐self entailed in both constructs. We argue that progress in mapping the developmental course of moral identity stands to be informed by a focus on middle childhood, which to date has been largely neglected in this literature, despite evidence implicating this period from related fields of inquiry. A number of specific directions for future developmental research into moral identity are outlined based on this perspective.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Moral identity is central to adolescent moral functioning.

Early childhood ‘moral self’ becomes adolescent moral identity.

What does this study add?

The current dominant developmental model is examined.

The model is found to have questionable validity.

Middle childhood may be of unique importance to the emergence of moral identity.
Paediatric patients with acute leukaemia and KMT2A (MLL) rearrangement show a distinctive expression pattern of histone deacetylases
Authors: Vega‐García Nerea , Malatesta Roberta , Estella Camino , Pérez‐Jaume Sara , Esperanza‐Cebollada Elena , Torrebadell Montserrat , Català Albert , Gassiot Susanna , Berrueco Rubén , Ruiz‐Llobet Anna , Alonso‐Saladrigues Anna , Mesegué Montserrat , Pont‐Martí Sandra , Rives Susana , Camós Mireia 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHistone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) had emerged as promising drugs in leukaemia, but their toxicity due to lack of specificity limited their use. Therefore, there is a need to elucidate the role of HDACs in specific settings. The study of HDAC expression in childhood leukaemia could help to choose more specific HDACi for selected candidates in a personalized approach. We analysed HDAC1‐11, SIRT1, SIRT7, MEF2C and MEF2D mRNA expression in 211 paediatric patients diagnosed with acute leukaemia. There was a global overexpression of HDACs, while specific HDACs correlated with clinical and biological features, and some even predicted outcome. Thus, some HDAC and MEF2C profiles probably reflected the lineage and the maturation of the blasts and some profiles identified specific oncogenic pathways active in the leukaemic cells. Specifically, we identified a distinctive signature for patients with KMT2A (MLL) rearrangement, with high HDAC9 and MEF2D expression, regardless of age, KMT2A partner and lineage. Moreover, we observed an adverse prognostic value of HDAC9 overexpression, regardless of KMT2A rearrangement. Our results provide useful knowledge on the complex picture of HDAC expression in childhood leukaemia and support the directed use of specific HDACi to selected paediatric patients with acute leukaemia.