bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmakologische Hemmung der Magensäuresekretion: ihre Bedeutung für die Therapie der ulzerativen Gastropathie
Authors: Herling A. W. , Petzinger E. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungZiel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, das Verständnis für die pharmakologische Wirksamkeit und Wirkungsweise von Magensäuresekretionsinhibitoren und insbesondere für den Protonenpumpeninhibitor Omeprazol bei der Behandlung der ulzerativen Gastropathie beim Pferd zu vertiefen. Bis vor wenigen Jahren wurden die Prävalenz und medizinische Bedeutung der ulzerativen Gastropathie in der Pferdeheilkunde unterschätzt. Die medikamentöse Therapie der ulzerativen Gastropathie hat sich in der Humanmedizin in den letzten 30 Jahren und seit wenigen Jahren auch in der Veterinärmedizin durch die Anwendung von Magensäuresekretionshemmern deutlich verbessert. Dem sauren Magensaft kommt eine dominante Bedeutung in der bisher immer noch nicht vollständig aufgeklärten Pathogenese dieser Erkrankung zu. Daher erwies sich die pharmakologische Hemmung der Magensäuresekretion als wichtigstes Therapieprinzip in der Human- und Veterinärmedizin. Insbesondere die Protonenpumpeninhibitoren vom Omeprazol-Typ (Omeprazol und Analoga) sind durch ihr überlegenes, weil von der Stimulationsart unabhängiges Hemmprofil und ihre längere Wirkdauer die Mittel der Wahl. Aufgrund klinisch kontrollierter Studien ist Omeprazol der erste für die Behandlung der ulzerativen Gastropathie beim Pferd zugelassene Magensäuresekretionshemmer.
Gestationsketose mit Hyperlipidämie bei einer Alpakastute
Authors: Walter J. , Seeger T. 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel: Beschrieben werden die klinische Symptomatik, die diagnostische Vorgehensweise und die Therapie bei einer Alpakastute mit hochgradiger Gestationsketose. Material und Methoden: Eine 3-jährige Alpakastute, die sich im 11. Trächtigkeitsmonat befand, wurde wegen einer seit 2 Wochen bestehenden Inappetenz und apathischen Verhaltens in die Klinik eingeliefert. Sie wurde klinisch und labordiagnostisch untersucht und die dabei festgestellte Stoffwechselstörung behandelt. Ergebnisse: Als einzige klinische Symptome zeigte das Tier apathisches Verhalten, Inappetenz sowie Abmagerung. Der hohe Ketonkörpergehalt des Harns sowie das milchig getrübte Serum bei starker Hyperglykämie (27,5 mmol/l), hohen β-Hydroxybutyrat- (13 mmol/l) und NEFA-Werten (4,9 mmol/l) in Verbindung mit erhöhten Leberenzymaktivitäten, metabolischer Azidose (BE: –6,8 mmol/l) und Hypokaliämie (2,3 mmol/l) sprachen für das Vorliegen einer hochgradigen Gestationsketose. Die Infusionstherapie mit Glukose- und Aminosäurelösung sowie Injektionen von Heparin und einem Antibiotikum führten innerhalb von 3 Tagen zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung des Allgemeinbefindens und der Blutwerte. Einen Tag später brachte die Stute ein vitales Fohlen zur Welt. Nach der Entlassung aus der Klinik berichtete der Besitzer, dass das Tier weiterhin ein ungestörtes Allgemeinbefinden zeigte und nach dem Trockenstellen an Körpergewicht zugenommen hatte. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Bei hochtragenden Neuweltkameliden muss – ähnlich wie bei Schafen und Ponys – mit einer Gestationsketose und Hyperlipidämie gerechnet werden. Aufgrund der unspezifischen klinischen Symptomatik, wie Apathie und Inappetenz, sollte in Verdachtsfällen immer eine labordiagnostische Abklärung anhand der Untersuchung von Blut- und Urinproben erfolgen, um die Diagnose rechtzeitig absichern zu können. Therapeutisch ist vor allem eine Infusionstherapie mit Glukoseund Aminosäurelösungen von entscheidender Bedeutung.
On-farm udder health monitoring
Authors: van Veersen J. C. , Sampimon O. , Olde Riekerink R. G. , Lam T. J. G. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn this article an on-farm monitoring approach on udder health is presented. Monitoring of udder health consists of regular collection and analysis of data and of the regular evaluation of management practices. The ultimate goal is to manage critical control points in udder health management, such as hygiene, body condition, teat ends and treatments, in such a way that results (udder health parameters) are always optimal. Mastitis, however, is a multifactorial disease, and in real life it is not possible to fully prevent all mastitis problems. Therefore udder health data are also monitored with the goal to pick up deviations before they lead to (clinical) problems. By quantifying udder health data and management, a farm is approached as a business, with much attention for efficiency, thought over processes, clear agreements and goals, and including evaluation of processes and results. The whole approach starts with setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Acceptable, Realistic, Time-bound) goals, followed by an action plan to realize these goals.
Beeinflussung der Blutkonzentration von Glukose und anorganischem Phosphat durch Infusion 5- und 20%iger Glukoselösung bei Milchkühen
Authors: Aldaek T. A. , Failing K. , Wehrend A. , Klymiuk M. 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel: Untersuchungen zur Beeinflussung des Blutspiegels von Glukose und anorganischem Phosphat bei gesunden, laktierenden Kühen nach 5- und 20%iger Glukoseinfusion. Material und Methoden: Für den Versuch standen 10 gesunde, laktierende und nichtgravide, 3- bis 6-jährige Kühe der Rasse Deutsch Holstein mit einer Tagesmilchleistung von 20,3±2,7 Litern zur Verfügung. Den Tieren wurde vor, während sowie 0 und 60 Minuten nach der Infusion von 0,9%iger NaCl-Lösung, 5- oder 20%iger Glukoselösung Blut zur Bestimmung des Gehalts an Glukose und anorganischem Phosphat entnommen. Ergebnisse: Es konnte ein signifikanter Einfluss der Glukose infusion auf den Blutglukosespiegel der Kühe nachgewiesen werden. Nach Infusion von 1000 ml einer 20%igen Glukoselösung (200 g Glukose) stieg die Glukosekonzentration um durchschnittlich 13,26 mmol/l, nach Verabreichung von 1000 ml einer 5%igen Glukoselösung (50 g Glukose) um durchschnittlich 3,31 mmol/l. Kein signifikanter Zusammenhang ergab sich zwischen einer 0,9%igen NaCl-Infusion, 5- oder 20%igen Glukoseinfusion und der Blutkonzentration an anorganischem Phosphat. Schlussfolgerung: Eine Infusion von 1000 ml 5- oder 20%iger Glukoselösung bedingt keinen nachteiligen Abfall des Blutphosphatspiegels und eignet sich zur Verbesserung der Blutglukose versorgung der Kuh.
Untersuchungen zum Säure-Basen-Haushalt in Pansen und Harn beim Milchrind
Authors: Kricziokat J. , Fürll M. , Wittek T. 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel: Subklinische Pansenazidosen gelten als eine häufig auftretende Veränderung des Säure-Basen-Haushalts beim Milchrind. Zielstellung der Untersuchung war, bei Rindern zu unterschiedlichen Laktationszeitpunkten gleichzeitig den Pansen-pH-Wert und Parameter des Säure-Basen-Haushalts des Harns zu bestimmen und die Aussagefähigkeit dieser Parameter hinsichtlich des Vorliegens subklinischer Pansenazidosen einzuschätzen. Material und Methode: Bei 348 Färsen und Kühen in 10 Milchviehherden erfolgte die simultane Gewinnung von Pansensaftproben mittels Pansensaftentnahmegerät nach Geishauser sowie von Harn mittels Blasenkatheter. Bestimmt wurden der Pansen-pH-Wert, der Harn-pH-Wert, die Netto-Säure- Basenausscheidung (NSBA) und der Basen-Säuren-Quotient (BSQ). Ergebnisse: Die Korrelationen zwischen Pansen-pH-Wert und HarnpH- Wert (r = 0,19, p < 0,001), Pansen-pH-Wert und NSBA (r = 0,13, p = 0,018) sowie Pansen-pH-Wert und BSQ (r = 0,13, p = 0,017) waren durch niedrige Koeffizienten gekennzeichnet. Ebenso ergaben sich für alle Parameter des Säure-Basen-Haushalts des Harns eine geringe Sensitivität und ein niedriger positiver Vorhersagewert hinsichtlich des Vorliegens einer Pansenazidose. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die Parameter des Säure-Basen-Haushalts des Harns eignen sich für das Einzeltier unter Feldbedingungen nicht zur Abschätzung des Pansen-pH-Werts. Die Diagnose einer Pansenazidose muss auch weiterhin mittels direkter Untersuchung des Pansensaft-pH-Werts gestellt werden.
First-trimester Combined Screening Test for Aneuploidies in Brazilian Unselected Pregnancies: Diagnostic Performance of Fetal Medicine Foundation Algorithm
Authors: Abib Laila Pinheiro Abi , Sá Renato Augusto Moreira de , Peixoto-Filho Fernando Maia 
Published: July 2018

Objective The main objective of this study was to examine the diagnostic performance of the first-trimester combined test for aneuploidies in unselected pregnancies from Rio de Janeiro and compare it with the examples available in the literature.
Methods We investigated 3,639 patients submitted to aneuploidy screening from February 2009 to September 2015. The examination is composed of the Fetal Medicine Foundation risk evaluation based on nuchal translucency evaluation, mother's age, presence of risk factors, presence of the nasal bone and Doppler of the ductus venous in addition to biochemical analysis of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β−hCG) markers. The cut-off point for high risk for aneuploidies was defined as greater than 1:100, with intermediate risk defined between 1:100 and 1:1,000, and low risk defined as less than 1:1,000. The variable aneuploidy was considered as a result not only of trisomy of chromosome 21 but also trisomy of chromosomes 13 and 18.
Results Excluding the losses, the results of 2,748 patients were analyzed. The first-trimester combined test achieved 71.4% sensitivity with a 7.4% false-positive (FP) rate, specificity of 92.6%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 6.91% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.76%, when the cut-off point considered was greater than 1:1,000. Through a receiving operating characteristics (ROC) curve, the cut-off point that maximized the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of aneuploidies was defined as 1:1,860. When we adjusted the false-positive (FP) rate to 5%, the detection rate for this analysis is 72.7%, with a cut-off point of 1:610.
Conclusion The combined test of aneuploidy screening showed a detection rate inferior to those described in the literature for a higher FP rate.
Variation in Coding Practices for Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Authors: Bi Wenya , Mooney Michael , Yoon Seungwon , Gupta Saksham , Lawton Michael , Almefty Kaith , Corrales C. , Dunn Ian 
Published: July 2018

Introduction Nationwide databases are frequently used resources for assessing practice patterns and clinical outcomes. However, analyses based on billing codes may be limited by the inconsistent application of current procedural terminology (CPT) codes to specific operations. We investigated the variability among commonly used CPT codes for vestibular schwannomas resection and sought to identify factors that underlie this variation.
Methods The surgical procedure for 274 cases of vestibular schwannoma resections from two institutions was reviewed and classified as retrosigmoid, translabyrinthine, or middle fossa approaches. We then assessed the CPT codes assigned to each case and analyzed their association with surgical approach, surgeons involved, the coding specialty, and year of surgery. We further compared the incidence of CPT codes assigned for vestibular schwannoma surgeries in the American College Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2010 to 2014.
Results The majority (65%) of vestibular schwannoma resections within the institutional cohort were billed with skull base approach and/or excision codes, whereas 76% of cases in NSQIP were associated with a single craniotomy for tumor code. The use of skull base codes over the past decade increased within our institutional cohort but remained relatively stable within NSQIP. CPT codes did not consistently reflect the operative approaches for vestibular schwannomas.
Conclusion We observed significant variability in coding patterns for vestibular schwannoma surgeries within institutions, surgical practices, and national databases. These results call for discretion in interpretation of data from aggregated billing code-based nationwide databases and suggests a role for institutional standardization of CPT assignments for the same approaches.
Biphenotypic Sinonasal Sarcoma—Case Report and Review of Clinicopathological Features and Diagnostic Modalities
Authors: Chitguppi Chandala , Koszewski Ian , Collura Kaitlin , Curtis Mark , Nyquist Gurston , Rabinowitz Mindy , Rosen Marc 
Published: July 2018

Background Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma is a recently described malignancy showing dual differentiation with both myogenic and neural elements. Due to its histologic similarities to other sinonasal malignancies, it is a diagnostic challenge.
Objective The main purpose of this article is to report a case of biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma and to consolidate data and provide a comprehensive review regarding pathological differences between biphenotypic sarcoma and other sinonasal malignancies and diagnostic modalities used for biphenotypic sarcoma.
Material and Methods A systematic review of all cases of biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma was performed using electronic databases (PubMed and Medline). Data collected included age, gender, symptoms, sub-site of origin, immunophenotyping, metastasis, recurrence, treatment, duration of follow-up, and survival outcomes.
Results Ninety-five cases of biphenotypic sarcoma were found with mean age at diagnosis of 52.36 years (range, 24–87 years). Female to male ratio was 2.27:1. Extra-sinonasal extension was present in 28%. Immunophenotyping revealed that S-100 and SMA (smooth muscle actin) were consistently positive, while SOX-10 was consistently negative. PAX3-MAML3 fusion [t (2; 4) (q35; q31.1)] was the most common genetic rearrangement. Surgical excision with or without adjuvant radiotherapy was the most frequent treatment modality used. Recurrence was observed in 32% of cases with follow-up. None of the cases reported metastasis. Three patients had died at the time of publication that included one case with intracranial extension.
Conclusion Biphenotypic sarcoma is distinct sinonasal malignancy with unique clinicopathological features. Testing involving a battery of myogenic and neural immunomarkers is essential for diagnostic confirmation and is a clinically useful endeavor when clinical suspicion is high.
Langzeitkonsequenzen der intrauterinen Drogenexposition
Authors: Gortner Ludwig , Meyer Sascha 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungObschon die intrauterine Exposition gegenüber Drogen vom Typ Opioide, Cannabinoide sowie Kokain eine nicht ganz seltene Entität ist, liegen nur wenige systematische Arbeiten zu deren langfristigen Konsequenzen für die Entwicklung Betroffener vor. Wesentliche Konsequenzen der Exposition gegenüber Opioiden sind innerhalb der ersten 2 Lebensjahre eine Reduktion der motorischen Entwicklungs-Scores, die sich bis zum Schulkindesalter und Adoleszenz verbessern. In diesen Altersabschnitten finden sich für kognitive und Verhaltensuntersuchungen in Metaanalysen deutliche, allerdings nicht signifikante Trends zu verminderten Leistungen nach Exposition. Die Nachuntersuchungen nach intrauteriner Exposition gegenüber Cannabinoiden zeigen in einem Teil der Studien verminderte kognitive Leistungen und eine verschlechterte Lesefunktion sowie Störungen der Exekutivfunktionen der komplexen Planung. Bei Jungen zeigen sich in der Verhaltensanalyse vermehrt externalisierende Störungen. Die pränatale Kokainexposition führt hinsichtlich der Variablen Kognition, Sprache sowie Verhalten zu einer schwach signifikanten Verminderung der Leistungen Betroffener bis zur Adoleszenz. Insgesamt ist bei der Interpretation der Nachsorgedaten zu beachten, dass widersprüchliche Resultate publiziert wurden, die zumindest partiell durch differente Umgebungsbedingungen während der Kindheit zu erklären sind. Die aufgeführten Daten sollten ein Grund mehr sein, primäre und sekundäre Präventivbemühungen zu intensivieren.
Intrapartum Care Working Patterns of Midwives: The Long Road to Models of Care in Germany
Authors: Gross Mechthild , Michelsen Claire , Vaske Bernhard , Helbig Sonja 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Introduction Midwifery models of care help to enhance perinatal health outcomes, women's satisfaction, and continuity of care. Despite the ubiquitous presence of certified midwives at births in Germany, no research has investigated the diversity of midwives’ practice patterns. Describing the variety of working patterns through which midwives provide intrapartum care may contribute to improving the organisation of midwifery services.
Methods This cross-sectional survey took place in the region of Hannover and Hildesheim, Germany. Midwives attending births and practicing in hospitals and/or out-of-hospital were able to participate. Midwives who did not attend births were excluded. We assessed midwives' scope of services, practice locations, employment patterns, continuity of care, midwife-led births, and midwives' level of agreement with core values of midwifery care. The response rate of the survey was 32.7 % (69/211).
Results We found that midwifery care services can be described according to midwives’ employment patterns. The majority of midwives were employed in a hospital to provide intrapartum care (74.2 %, n = 49), and most also independently offered one or more antenatal and/or postpartum service/s. Only 25.8 % (n = 17) of midwives offered their services independently (laborist model of care). Independent midwives attended births in all three possible settings: hospital, free-standing birth centres and home. Significantly more independent midwives than employed midwives offered antenatal care and lactation consulting. Compared to employed midwives, significantly more independent midwives provided antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care to the same women, were more likely to know women before labour, and to offer one-to-one care during labour.
Discussion The most common practice pattern among surveyed midwives was ‘employment in a hospital’ for provision of intrapartum care with additional postpartum and few antenatal services provided on an independent basis. Midwives who worked solely independently reported more continuity and one-to-one intrapartum care with women. Most midwives did not work in patterns that offered continuity of care or consistently provide one-to-one care. Future research should assess whether women in Germany desire more services similar to caseload midwifery.
Monovalent ions modulate the flux through multiple folding pathways of an RNA pseudoknot
Authors: Roca Jorjethe , Hori Naoto , Baral Saroj , Velmurugu Yogambigai , Narayanan Ranjani , Narayanan Prasanth , Thirumalai D. , Ansari Anjum 
Published: July 2018

Significance
The assembly mechanism of RNA, vital to describing its functions, depends on both the sequence and the metal ion concentration. How the latter influences the folding trajectories remains an important unsolved problem. Here, we examine the folding pathways of an RNA pseudoknot (PK) with key functional roles in transcription and translation, using a combination of experiments and simulations. We demonstrate that the PK, consisting of two hairpins with differing stabilities, folds by parallel pathways. Surprisingly, the flux between them is modulated by monovalent salt concentration. Our work shows that the order of assembly of PKs is determined by the relative stability of the hairpins, implying that the folding landscape can be controlled by sequence and ion concentration.
Specific cardiolipin–SecY interactions are required for proton-motive force stimulation of protein secretion
Authors: Corey Robin A. , Pyle Euan , Allen William J. , Watkins Daniel W. , Casiraghi Marina , Miroux Bruno , Arechaga Ignacio , Politis Argyris , Collinson Ian 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Many proteins are located in lipid membranes surrounding cells and subcellular organelles. The membrane can impart important structural and functional effects on the protein, making understanding of this interaction critical. Here, we apply computational simulation to the identification of conserved lipid binding sites on an important highly conserved bacterial membrane protein, the Sec translocase (SecA-SecYEG), which uses ATP and the proton-motive force (PMF) to secrete proteins across the bacterial plasma membrane. We experimentally validate these binding sites and use functional analyses to investigate the biological significance of the interactions. We demonstrate that these interactions are specific, transient, and critical for both ATP- and PMF-driven protein secretion.
Hippocampus-dependent emergence of spatial sequence coding in retrosplenial cortex
Authors: Mao Dun , Neumann Adam R. , Sun Jianjun , Bonin Vincent , Mohajerani Majid H. , McNaughton Bruce L. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is a major relay of hippocampal formation output to other neocortical areas and is critical for spatial and some other forms of learning. We show here that the sparse, orthogonal, “place cell” sequence activity in RSC develops gradually over several days and is severely attenuated by hippocampal damage. These data support the theory that hippocampus endows RSC (and possibly other cortical areas) with an index-like, continuous representation of the context in which events occur, that could support coordinated retrieval of recent memory.
Wafer-recyclable, environment-friendly transfer printing for large-scale thin-film nanoelectronics
Authors: Wie Dae Seung , Zhang Yue , Kim Min Ku , Kim Bongjoong , Park Sangwook , Kim Young-Joon , Irazoqui Pedro P. , Zheng Xiaolin , Xu Baoxing , Lee Chi Hwan 
Published: July 2018

Significance
The ability to endow the surface of existing objects with desired electronic features enables many emerging applications such as Internet of Things (IoT). Despite significant progress in the optimization of thin-film materials and construction schemes, the realization of high-performance thin-film electronics on arbitrary place through a wafer-scale batch process is limited. This paper presents a wafer-recyclable, environment-friendly transfer printing process that enables the physical delivery of large-scale thin-film integrated circuits with various combinations of active nanomaterials from their fabrication wafer to nearly any kind of places. Detailed experimental and theoretical studies reveal the essential attributes of this approach. Demonstrations in electronics and sensors realized on the surface of commercial appliances to meet the user-specific needs illustrate the utility.
Species diversity concurrently dilutes and amplifies transmission in a zoonotic host–pathogen system through competing mechanisms
Authors: Luis Angela D. , Kuenzi Amy J. , Mills James N. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
There has been an impassioned debate in recent years about whether biodiversity is negatively or positively correlated to wildlife and zoonotic disease transmission and risk, suggesting a “dilution” or “amplification” effect, respectively. Here, we demonstrate for an important zoonotic disease (hantavirus pulmonary syndrome) that species diversity can act differently on competing drivers of disease transmission (host density, contact rates, transmissibility) and may cause increases and decreases in transmission, concurrently in the same host–pathogen system. The net effect (dilution, amplification, or no effect) is determined by the strength of the competing mechanisms. Therefore, to move forward, researchers should focus on how biodiversity affects individual mechanisms separately and their net effects if we want to make generalizable predictions across systems.