bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat enhancements rescue bee body size from the negative effects of landscape simplification
Authors: Grab Heather , Brokaw Julia , Anderson Elisabeth , Gedlinske Lauren , Gibbs Jason , Wilson Julianna , Loeb Greg , Isaacs Rufus , Poveda Katja 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

The negative effects of landscape simplification on bee communities are well documented. To reverse these effects, flowering habitat enhancements are designed to provide supplemental nutritional resources for wild bees and are particularly important when few resources are available in the surrounding landscape. Yet, it is not known whether or how habitat enhancements support bee populations under varying landscape contexts. Body size is a morphological trait that is strongly linked to foraging ability, immune function, and fitness in bees. Landscape simplification has been associated with size declines across bee taxa and smaller body size can be an early indicator of environmental stress.

To determine whether the negative effects of landscape simplification on body size can be improved by adding floral resources to farm landscapes, we measured the body size of 10 wild bee species collected at 70 sites with or without habitat enhancements in Michigan and New York. Bees were collected at sites with varying amounts of agriculture in the surrounding landscape, allowing us to test whether morphological responses to enhancements are affected by landscape simplification.

Half of the bee species measured exhibited declining body size across the landscape gradient. Among these species, declines were buffered by the presence of habitat enhancements suggesting this response is the result of improved nutrition, reduced need for long‐distance foraging, enhanced recruitment of larger individuals or a combination of these mechanisms. Declines in body size were strongest in both the smallest and the largest species. Large and medium sized species exhibited the greatest response to flowering habitat enhancements.

Synthesis and applications. At sites with high agricultural cover, we observed intraspecific body size declines among many species; however, we did not observe decreased body size in any species at sites with a flowering habitat enhancement. Therefore, our findings suggest that the presence of flowering habitat enhancements can support wild bees experiencing stress from intensively managed agricultural landscapes across multiple cropping systems and regions.
Learning from crisis: The role of enquiry commissions
Authors: Renå Helge , Christensen Johan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe literature on crisis learning has thus far paid little attention to the institutional channels through which governments draw lessons from crisis events. This paper examines theoretically and empirically a key institutional site for crisis learning: enquiry commissions. The theoretical argument is illustrated by analysing the enquiry commission that examined the 2011 terrorist attacks in Norway. The paper argues that the work of enquiry commissions exhibits tensions that condition the subsequent opportunities of government to learn from crisis. The paper shows how the lessons drawn by the commission investigating the attacks were shaped by the commission's dual function, by the dominant professional perspectives within the group, and by the specific models of decision‐making and assessment standards that the commission adopted.
EPG5 c.1007A > G mutation in a sibling pair with rapidly progressing Vici syndrome
Authors: Vojcek Eszter , Keszthelyi Tália Magdolna , Jávorszky Eszter , Balogh Lídia , Tory Kálmán 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report on a sibling pair with the EPG5 c.1007A > G mutation who developed a severe form of Vici syndrome and died in infancy. The c.1007A > G (p.Gln336Arg) mutation, affecting the penultimate nucleotide and the splicing of exon 2 is the most common mutation of EPG5 and is typically associated with a less devastating prognosis: cardiomyopathy and cataract are less frequent consequences and the median survival time is 78 months compared to an overall median survival of 42 months. The less severe course related to c.1007A > G was formerly explained by the preserved canonical splicing in 25% of the transcripts. In contrast, we found the messenger RNA encoded by the c.1007A > G allele to be absent, explaining the severe course of the disease. This family provides another example of phenotypic variability related to a differential splicing.
Angiotensin II inhibits P‐glycoprotein in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Kumar Anoop , Priyamvada Shubha , Soni Vikas , Anbazhagan Arivarasu N. , Gujral Tarunmeet , Gill Ravinder K. , Alrefai Waddah A. , Dudeja Pradeep K. , Saksena Seema 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimP‐glycoprotein (Pgp/MDR1) plays a major role in intestinal homeostasis. Decrease in Pgp function and expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, inhibitory mechanisms involved in the decrease of Pgp in inflammation are not fully understood. Angiotensin II (Ang II), a peptide hormone predominantly expressed in the epithelial cells of the crypt‐villus junction of the intestine, has been shown to exert pro‐inflammatory effects in the gut. It is increased in IBD patients and animals with experimental colitis. Whether Ang II directly influences Pgp is not known.MethodsPgp activity was measured as verapamil‐sensitive 3H‐digoxin flux. Pgp surface expression and exocytosis were measured by cell surface biotinylation studies. Signalling pathways were elucidated by Western blot analysis and pharmacological approaches.ResultsAng II (10 nM) significantly inhibited Pgp activity at 60 minutes. Ang II‐mediated effects on Pgp function were receptor‐mediated as the Ang II receptor 1 (ATR1) antagonist, losartan, blocked Pgp inhibition. Ang II effects on Pgp activity appeared to be mediated via PI3 kinase, p38 MAPK and Akt signalling. Ang II‐mediated inhibition of Pgp activity was associated with a decrease in the surface membrane expression of Pgp protein via decreased exocytosis and was found to be dependent on the Akt pathway. Short‐term treatment of Ang II (2 mg/kg b.wt., 2 hours) to mice also decreased the membrane expression of Pgp protein levels in ileum and colon.ConclusionOur findings provide novel insights into the role of Ang II and ATR1 in decreasing Pgp expression in intestinal inflammation.
Species–area relationships in isolated coastal sandy patches: Implications for the conservation of beach–dune flora in a rocky coastal region of western Japan
Authors: Kuroda Asumo , Sawada Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractQuestionsIn many places worldwide, dune vegetation has rapidly declined owing to the expansion of various land uses, which pose a serious threat to many native dune plant species. A better understanding of species–area relationships in coastal sandy patches (i.e., beaches and dunes) is valuable for designing effective management strategies for the conservation of beach–dune flora in coastal regions. We investigated how the area and other attributes of sandy patches affect the number of species (dune, inland, and alien species) and whether the occurrence of all dune species is area‐dependent.LocationSandy coast of San'in Kaigan National Park, western Japan.MethodsAll vascular plants at 43 sites (sandy patches) were recorded. Using generalized linear models, we analyzed the relationships of the area and other attributes of sandy patches with the number of species and the relationship between the area of sandy patches and the occurrence (presence/absence) of each dune species.ResultsLarger sandy patches maintained a greater number of dune species and harbored some nationally threatened ones. The number of inland and alien species also increased with an increasing area of sandy patches, although the effects of other size and site attributes varied; shoreline length, beach–dune height, and high openness of the beach were selected as important positive factors for the number of dune species. Furthermore, most dune species in herb and dwarf shrub zones were area‐dependent and tended to occur in larger sandy patches, whereas some species of the tidal drift zone, including locally threatened dune species, were area‐independent.ConclusionsEffective conservation of beach–dune flora demands not only the protection of larger sandy patches but also the selective preservation of sandy patches with better developed dunes. Moreover, the maintenance of unstable habitats for area‐independent dune species is important.
Phase 1–2 study of vorinostat (SAHA), cladribine and rituximab (SCR) in relapsed B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Spurgeon Stephen E. , Sharma Kamal , Claxton David F. , Ehmann Christopher , Pu Jeffrey , Shimko Sara , Stewart August , Subbiah Nan , Palmbach Gundula , LeBlanc Francis , Latour Emile , Chen YiYi , Mori Motomi , Hasanali Zainul , Epner Elliot M. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAltered DNA methylation and histone acetylation in lymphoma provided the rationale for using vorinostat (SAHA), cladribine and rituximab (SCR) in non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) in this phase 1–2 study (NCT00764517). Treatment included cladribine 5 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) (days 1–5), rituximab 375 mg/m2 IV (weekly 4× for cycle 1 and 1×/month) and vorinostat orally once daily (days 1–14) every 28 days for up to six cycles. Phase 1 included relapsed patients (n = 10) in a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation design (vorinostat: 200, 300 and 400 mg). No dose‐limiting toxicities were seen. The phase 2 dose for vorinostat was 400 mg po (days 1–14). The majority of phase 2 patients had mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (n = 57; 39 previously untreated, 10 relapsed). The primary objective was objective response rate [complete response (CR) + partial response] which was 39% (7/18) in relapsed patients and 97% (38/39) with 80% (31/39) attaining a CR in previously untreated MCL. At a median follow‐up of 42 months, median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for relapsed NHL were 19·5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2·0–33·0] and 25·0 (95% CI: 12·0–45·0) months respectively. Median PFS for previously untreated MCL was 84·0 months; OS could not be estimated. Toxicities were primarily haematological.
Cilia in hereditary cerebral anomalies
Authors: Thomas Sophie , Boutaud Lucile , Reilly Madeline Louise , Benmerah Alexandre 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCiliopathies are complex genetic multi‐system disorders causally related to abnormal assembly or function of motile or non‐motile cilia. While most human cells possess a non‐motile sensory/primary cilium (PC) during development and/or in adult tissues, motile cilia are restricted to specialised cells. As a result, PC‐associated ciliopathies are characterised by high phenotypic variability with extensive clinical and genetic overlaps. In the present review, we have focused on cerebral developmental anomalies, which are commonly found in PC‐associated ciliopathies and which have mostly been linked to Hedgehog signalling defects. In addition, we have reviewed emerging evidence that PC dysfunctions could be directly or indirectly involved in the mechanisms underlying malformations of cerebral cortical development including primary microcephaly.
Are individuals with entrepreneurial characteristics more likely to engage in destruction? An experimental investigation among potential 21st century entrepreneurs in Tunisia
Authors: El Harbi Sana , Grolleau Gilles , Sutan Angela , Ben Ticha Zeyneb 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe test experimentally whether individuals high in some entrepreneurial characteristics are more likely to engage in destructive behavior than other individuals. In the joy‐of‐destruction game, participants can either preserve or costly burn the endowment of each other. In some treatments they can hide from other participants whether they are responsible for destruction. We found that participants high in some entrepreneurial characteristics are significantly more likely to adopt destructive behaviours.
Endothelial TRPV4 channels modulate vascular tone by Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release at inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors
Authors: Heathcote Helen R. , Lee Matthew D. , Zhang Xun , Saunter Christopher D. , Wilson Calum , McCarron John G. 
Published: June 2019

Background and PurposeThe TRPV4 ion channels are Ca2+ permeable, non‐selective cation channels that mediate large, but highly localized, Ca2+ signals in the endothelium. The mechanisms that permit highly localized Ca2+ changes to evoke cell‐wide activity are incompletely understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV4‐mediated Ca2+ influx activates Ca2+ release from internal Ca2+ stores to generate widespread effects.Experimental ApproachCa2+ signals in large numbers (~100) of endothelial cells in intact arteries were imaged and analysed separately.Key ResultsResponses to the TRPV4 channel agonist GSK1016790A were heterogeneous across the endothelium. In activated cells, Ca2+ responses comprised localized Ca2+ changes leading to slow, persistent, global increases in Ca2+ followed by large propagating Ca2+ waves that moved within and between cells. To examine the mechanisms underlying each component, we developed methods to separate slow persistent Ca2+ rise from the propagating Ca2+ waves in each cell. TRPV4‐mediated Ca2+ entry was required for the slow persistent global rise and propagating Ca2+ signals. The propagating waves were inhibited by depleting internal Ca2+ stores, inhibiting PLC or blocking IP3 receptors. Ca2+ release from stores was tightly controlled by TRPV4‐mediated Ca2+ influx and ceased when influx was terminated. Furthermore, Ca2+ release from internal stores was essential for TRPV4‐mediated control of vascular tone.Conclusions and ImplicationsCa2+ influx via TRPV4 channels is amplified by Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release acting at IP3 receptors to generate propagating Ca2+ waves and provide a large‐scale endothelial communication system. TRPV4‐mediated control of vascular tone requires Ca2+ release from the internal store.
Pre‐transplant alpha‐fetoprotein is associated with post‐transplant hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence mortality
Authors: Mahmud Nadim , John Binu , Taddei Tamar H. , Goldberg David S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough liver transplantation may potentially cure hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the risk of HCC recurrence is 8%‐20% at five years post‐transplant. Pre‐transplant alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is a predictor of HCC recurrence, but it is unknown if pre‐transplant AFP also predicts survival in patients with recurrence.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database between 2002 and 2016. We identified adult transplant recipients with HCC recurrence after liver transplantation for HCC and used Cox regression to compare patient survival among different maximum pre‐transplant AFP levels.ResultsThe cohort (N = 1164) was primarily male, white, and with hepatitis C liver disease. The median time to HCC recurrence was 11.6 months (interquartile range 6.1‐26.3). In Cox regression analysis, increasing pre‐transplant AFP was associated with poorer survival when adjusting for age, pre‐transplant model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD), and time to HCC recurrence. For example, patients with pre‐transplant AFP ≥500ng/mL had a 1.6‐fold higher risk of death versus those with AFP ≤20ng/mL (P < 0.001).ConclusionPre‐transplant AFP is independently associated with survival in patients with HCC recurrence. These findings further contextualize the importance of pre‐transplant AFP in liver transplantation and may improve prognostication for patients with HCC recurrence.
The sub‐classification of type B2 vessels according to the magnifying endoscopic classification of the Japan Esophageal Society
Authors: Tanaka Ippei , Hirasawa Dai , Saito Hiroaki , Matsuda Tomoki , Nakahori Masato , Maeda Yuki , Okuzono Toru , Suzuki Kenjiro , Igarashi Kimihiro , Nawata Yoshitaka , Ito Satoshi , Unno Shuhei , Chonan Akimichi 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesGuidelines for magnified endoscopic diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have been proposed by the Japan Esophageal Society. Type B1, B2, and B3 reflect increasing tumor invasion depths (within mucosal epithelium or into lamina propria mucosa [T1a‐EP/LPM], into muscularis mucosa or superficial invasion into submucosa [T1a‐MM/T1b‐SM1], and into submucosa [T1b‐SM2], respectively). The diagnostic accuracy of type B1 and B3 is high, but accuracy of type B2 is low. We aimed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of type B2.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 248 SCC lesions treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection between January 2012 and July 2018 and identified the B2 lesions. The maximum diameter of the area presenting B2 was measured and evaluated in relation to tumor invasion, for which receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. The optimal area size for distinguishing T1a‐EP/LPM from T1a‐MM or deeper invasion was determined.ResultsThere were 78 lesions with B2, of which 26 (33%) were T1a‐MM or T1b‐SM1 SCCs. ROC curve analysis indicated that the optimal cut‐off for the target area showing B2 was 4 mm. The invasion depth (EP/LPM: MM/SM1: SM2) of B2 observed in an area with a diameter <4 mm (B2‐Narrow) and those with diameter ≥4 mm (B2‐Broad) was 46:11:1 and 1:15:4, respectively. To predict T1a‐MM or deeper invasion, B2‐Broad had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 61%, 98%, 95%, and 79%, respectively.ConclusionThe diagnostic accuracy of type B2 was improved by evaluating the area of type B2.
Transforming mental well‐being for people with diabetes: research recommendations from Diabetes UK's 2019 Diabetes and Mental Well‐Being Workshop
Authors: Wylie T. A. F. , Shah C. , Connor R. , Farmer A. J. , Ismail K. , Millar B. , Morris A. , Reynolds R. M. , Robertson E. , Swindell R. , Warren E. , Holt R. I. G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo identify key gaps in the research evidence base that could help to improve the mental well‐being of people with diabetes, and to provide recommendations to researchers and research funders on how best to address them.MethodsA 2‐day international research workshop was conducted, bringing together research experts in diabetes and in mental health, people living with diabetes and healthcare professionals.ResultsThe following key areas needing increased financial investment in research were identified: understanding the mechanisms underlying depression; understanding the multifactorial impact of social stigma; improving the language used by healthcare professionals; supporting people who find it difficult to engage with their diabetes; supporting significant others; supporting people with diabetes and eating disorders; improving models of care by learning from best practice; the potential benefits of screening and managing diabetes distress in routine diabetes care pathways; primary prevention of mental health issues at the time of diagnosis of diabetes; establishing the effectiveness of diabetes therapies on mood and other mental health issues; and understanding the impact of current diabetes technologies on mental health. Research recommendations as to how to address each of these priority areas were also developed.ConclusionsThis inaugural position statement outlines recommendations to address the urgent unmet need related to the mental well‐being of people living with diabetes, and calls on the research community and funders to develop research programmes and strategies to reduce this need.
Theatre improvisation training to promote social cognition: A novel recovery‐oriented intervention for youths at clinical risk for psychosis
Authors: Tang Sunny X. , Seelaus Kevin H. , Moore Tyler M. , Taylor Jerome , Moog Carol , O'Connor David , Burkholder Marla , Kohler Christian G. , Grant Paul M. , Eliash Dvora , Calkins Monica E. , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimFew interventions address social cognition or functioning in individuals at clinical risk (CR) for psychosis. Theatre Improvisation Training to Promote Social Cognition (TIPS) is a manualized intervention based on drama therapy. We aim to describe TIPS, evaluate feasibility and acceptability, and present a preliminary investigation of outcomes in a quasi‐experimental design.MethodsThirty‐six CR participants (15‐25 years) were ascertained from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Twenty‐six completed the TIPS protocol: 18 weekly 2‐hour group sessions led by a theatre director and actor‐assistant. Participants engaged in collaborative acting and improvisation exercises. Baseline and follow‐up assessments included the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB), which includes social cognitive tests. Acceptability was assessed using focus groups. Preliminary outcomes were compared to CR controls who were not enrolled in the study but completed follow‐up assessments using the same methods.ResultsThere were no significant differences in baseline demographics, psychosis symptoms, or cognition between those who did and did not complete the protocol. Overall, TIPS was considered feasible and acceptable among CR. Preliminary outcomes suggest that TIPS may be effective in improving positive and negative psychosis‐spectrum symptoms and GAF, but not performance on facial emotion processing.ConclusionsTIPS is a promising and acceptable intervention that may improve symptoms and functioning in CR while providing a framework for participants to develop more empowered and confident ways of relating to others. Larger randomized controlled trials investigating TIPS efficacy are warranted.
Comparison of transfusion requirements in adult patients undergoing Haploidentical or single‐unit umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Solves Pilar , Sanz Jaime , Gómez Inés , de la Puerta Rosalía , Arnao Mario , Montoro Juan , Piñana José Luis , Carretero Carlos , Balaguer Aitana , Guerreiro Manuel , Andreu Rafa , Rodríguez Rebeca , Montesinos Pau , Jarque Isidro , Lorenzo José Ignacio , Carpio Nelly , Sanz Miguel Ángel , Sanz Guillermo Francisco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesUmbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) and haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT) modalities have been developed to offset the lack of matched donors. In this study, we compare the transfusion requirements of patients undergoing UCBT and haplo‐HSCT in a single institution with the aim of providing additional information for clinicians to choose the most adequate alternative graft for HSCT.MethodsThe study reviewed 67 and 46 patients undergoing UCBT and haplo‐HSCT, respectively.ResultsThere were no significant differences for RBC and PLT requirements according to the transplantation modality. Median time to RBC transfusion independence was 35 and 25.5 days in patients who received an UCBT and haplo‐HSCT, respectively (P = 0.38), while median time to platelet transfusion independence was 31 days for UCBT patients and 23 for haplo‐HSCT patients (P < 0.001). Days until neutrophils > 0.5 × 109/L were the only variable that significantly influenced RBC and PLT requirements for both transplantation modalities. Cumulative incidence of RBC and PLT transfusion independence at 90 days after transplantation was similar for both UCBT and haplo‐HSCT.ConclusionsBoth transplantation platforms require prolonged and intensive supportive RBC and PLT transfusion therapy. Both transplantation platforms require prolonged and intensive supportive RBC and PLT transfusion therapy.