bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating Simple Modifications to the Rome IV Criteria for the Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Secondary Care
Authors: Goodoory Vivek C. , Riggott Christy , Khasawneh Mais , Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may be too restrictive for clinical practice and research.AimsTo validate the Rome IV criteria and study the diagnostic performance of simple modifications to them.MethodsWe collected symptom data from consecutive adults with suspected IBS seen in a single clinic. We used a reference standard to confirm IBS (presence of lower abdominal pain associated with altered stool form or frequency; no evidence of organic gastrointestinal disease after limited investigation). We applied Rome IV criteria, but also two modifications. First, we re‐incorporated abdominal discomfort but kept symptom frequency required for both abdominal pain and discomfort to at least 1 day per week. Second, we included only abdominal pain but relaxed symptom frequency back to 3 days per month. We calculated sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for each diagnostic criterion.ResultsWe recruited 170 patients (76.5% female, mean age 37.9 years). Sensitivity and specificity of the Rome IV criteria were 82.1% and 85.1%, respectively; positive and negative LRs were 5.51 (95% CI 2.95–11.3) and 0.21 (95% CI 0.14–0.31), respectively. Modifying the criteria by relaxing the frequency of abdominal pain to 3 days per month led to the best performance [sensitivity 90.2%, specificity 85.1%, positive LR 6.06 (95% CI 3.25–12.2), and negative LR 0.11 (95% CI 0.07–0.19)].ConclusionsThe Rome IV criteria performed well in diagnosing IBS. A simple modification relaxing the required frequency of abdominal pain improved their performance.
18F‐FDG PET/CT impact in grade 3B follicular lymphoma
Authors: Albano Domenico 
Published: October 2024

[18F]‐fluoro‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) is a non‐invasive imaging tool that has a fundamental role in the management of FDG‐avid lymphoma (also FL) in different settings, especially in the evaluation of treatment response and prognostication. The report by Barraclough et al. demonstrated that the treatment response evaluation by 18F‐FDG PET/CT was a strong predictor of prognosis in grade 3B follicular lymphoma (G3BFL). Moreover, among semiquantitative baseline PET features, standardized uptake value (SUV) and TGL showed to be useful in predicting progression‐free survival (PFS).Commentary on: Barraclough et al. The value of semiquantitative PET features and end‐of‐therapy PET in grade 3B follicular lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:2254‐2261.
Secondary haematological dysplasia after CAR‐T‐cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children
Authors: Theron Alexandre , Alonso‐Saladrigues Anna , Dapena Jose‐Luis , López‐Duarte Mónica , Diaz de Heredia Cristina , Verdú‐Amorós Jaime , Sarrate Edurne , Esperanza‐Cebollada Elena , Cuatrecasas Esther , Andreu Sandra , Conde Nuria , Sanchez‐Sierra Nazaret , Isola Ignacio , Camós Mireia , Torrebadell Montse , Rives Susana , Català Albert 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThe use of CAR‐T is becoming more widespread in the treatment of haematological malignancies. In adults, secondary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) after CAR‐T have been described. However, there are currently no data on the risk of MDS following CAR‐T in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We studied all children treated with CAR‐T cells at Hospital Sant Joan de Déu in Barcelona and those with persistent cytopenias were evaluated at the cytological, cytogenetic, and molecular levels to look for MDS. A total of 106 patients received CAR‐T for ALL. Among 40 patients without early relapse or subsequent therapy after CAR‐T, four fulfilled the WHO criteria for myelodysplasia. These four patients had received a haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) prior to CAR‐T and presented cytopenias with severe dysplastic changes in bone marrow after CAR‐T. One patient had clonal MDS with high‐risk cytogenetics arising from the host cells requiring a HSCT. Three patients had non‐progressive dysplasia arising from the donor cells. Two are alive in complete remission with stable cytopenias and one succumbed to ALL relapse. This is the first description of post‐CAR‐T MDS and haematological dysplasia in children and highlights the need to monitor children with persistent post‐CAR‐T cytopenias.
Evaluation of cfDNA fragmentation characteristics in plasma for the diagnosis of lung cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Fudong , Wang Chong , Li Hongxia , Yu Bo , Chang Luyuan , Wang Feng , Long Chaolian , Bai Ling , Zhao Hanqing , Che Nanying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, yet only approximately 16% of patients are diagnosed in early stage, highlighting the urgent need for novel, highly accurate detection models. In our study, patients with suspected lung cancer or lung disease, as identified through radiographic imaging, along with healthy individuals, were consecutively recruited from Beijing Chest Hospital. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) was extracted from plasma samples, and low‐depth whole‐genome sequencing was performed to identify fragmentomic features for model construction. A total of 265 participants were prospectively enrolled, comprising 124 lung cancer patients and 141 noncancer individuals. The model we developed was based on four cfDNA fragmentation characteristics, including 20‐bp breakpoint nucleotides motif, fragmentation size coverage, fragmentation size distribution, and copy number variation. In an independent test cohort, the model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.861 (95% CI: 0.781–0.942) and demonstrated a sensitivity of 70% (95% CI: 53.5%–83.4%) at a specificity of 89.4% (95% CI: 76.9%–96.5%). Notably, the model was also effective in detecting early‐stage cancer, with an AUC of 0.808 (95% CI: 0.69–0.925). In summary, our lung cancer detection model shows strong screening capabilities by leveraging four cfDNA fragmentation characteristics, exhibiting robust performance in early cancer diagnosis.
Effect of Endogenous Hormone Levels on Basal Metabolic Rate in Men With Obesity
Authors: Van Cauwenberghe Jolijn , Van Dessel Kristof , De Block Christophe , Dirinck Eveline 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveBasal metabolic rate (BMR) is an important factor in weight management and is influenced by fat‐free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and age. Current knowledge of the influence of hormonal levels on BMR is based on studies with small populations, studies that investigate exogenous administration and studies frequently lacking correction for body composition.DesignCross‐sectional study.PatientsAll men (n = 457) who were referred to our centre for a metabolic work‐up were eligible for inclusion. Median age was 47 (18–78) years and the vast majority had obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², 90.9%).MeasurementsAll men had a measurement of BMR, body composition and measurement of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4). Men with low, normal and/or high levels of each of these hormones were compared. The association between hormone levels and BMR was assessed through linear regression models. All analyses were controlled for FFM, FM and age.ResultsIn men with obesity, testosterone (total or free) was not associated with BMR. Linear regression analysis showed that DHEAS was positively associated with BMR in a sample of men with obesity and normal endogenous DHEAS levels, with the following equation: BMR (adjusted R² = 0.72): (BMR [kcal/d] = 513.402 + 18.940 × FFM [kg] + 9.507 × FM [kg] − 3.362 × age [years] + 0.307 × DHEAS [µg/dL]) (p < 0.01). TSH, fT4 and IGF‐1 were not associated with BMR.ConclusionIn men with obesity, endogenous DHEAS is positively associated with BMR. Testosterone, TSH, fT4 and IGF‐1 were not associated with BMR in men with obesity. Since we examined the specific population of men with obesity and only examined endogenous hormone levels, no extrapolation of results to other populations or the overall population can be made.
Complex Words as Shortest Paths in the Network of Lexical Knowledge
Authors: Monakhov Sergei , Diessel Holger 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLexical models diverge on the question of how to represent complex words. Under the morpheme‐based approach, each morpheme is treated as a separate unit, while under the word‐based approach, morphological structure is derived from complex words. In this paper, we propose a new computational model of morphology that is based on graph theory and is intended to elaborate the word‐based network approach. Specifically, we use a key concept of network science, the notion of shortest path, to investigate how complex words are learned, stored, and processed. The notion of shortest path refers to the task of finding the shortest or most optimal path connecting two non‐adjacent nodes in a network. Building on this notion, the current study shows (i) that new complex words can be segmented into morphemes through the shortest path analysis; (ii) that attested English words tend to represent the shortest paths in the morphological network; and (iii) that novel (unattested) words receive higher acceptability ratings in experiments when they are formed along established optimal paths. The model's performance is tested in two experiments with human participants as well as against the behavioral data from the English Lexicon Project. We interpret our empirical results from the perspective of a usage‐based model of grammar and argue that network science provides a powerful tool for analyzing language structure.
Effectiveness and safety of levodopa–entacapone–carbidopa infusion in Parkinson disease: A real‐world data study
Authors: Santos‐García Diego , López‐Manzanares Lydia , Muro Inés , Lorenzo‐Barreto Pablo , Casas Peña Elena , García‐Ramos Rocío , Fernández Valle Tamara , Morata‐Martínez Carlos , Baviera‐Muñoz Raquel , Martínez‐Torres Irene , Álvarez‐Sauco María , Alonso‐Modino Déborah , Legarda Inés , Valero‐García María Fuensanta , Suárez‐Muñoz José Andrés , Martínez‐Castrillo Juan Carlos , Perona Ana Belén , Salom Jose María , Cubo Esther , Valero‐Merino Caridad , López‐Ariztegui Nuria , Sánchez Alonso Pilar , Novo Ponte Sabela , Gamo González Elisa , Martín García Raquel , Espinosa Raúl , Carmona Mar , Feliz Cici Esmerali , García Ruíz Pedro , Muñoz Ruíz Teresa , Fernández Rodríguez Beatriz , Mata Marina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeLevodopa–entacapone–carbidopa intestinal gel (LECIG) infusion is a recently developed device‐aided therapy for advanced Parkinson disease (PD) patients. The aim of this study was to report real‐world evidence about the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of LECIG in PD patients.MethodsA multicenter observational retrospective study of the first patients who initiated LECIG in Spain was performed. All neurologists with an experience of at least two patients treated until 30 March 2024 were invited to participate. Data about effectiveness and safety from the medical records (V0, pre‐LECIG; V1, initiation of LECIG; V2, post‐LECIG follow‐up) with a total of 246 variables were collected.ResultsSeventy‐three PD patients (61.6% males, 70.1 ± 9.1 years old) from 21 Spanish centers with a mean disease duration of 14.4 ± 6.3 years (range = 5–31) were included. Twenty‐six patients (35.6%) were switched directly from levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel. The mean exposure to LECIG was 177.3 ± 110.5 days (range = 7–476). The mean daily OFF time decreased from 5.2 ± 3 (pre‐LECIG) to 1.9 ± 1.8 (post‐LECIG; n = 66, p < 0.0001). Global improvement was observed in >85% of the patients. No significant change was detected in the levodopa equivalent daily dose from V0 to V2. Only 7% received 24‐h infusion, and 24.7% required more than one cartridge per day at V2. Thirty‐four patients (46.6%) had at least one adverse event related to LECIG and/or the device system. Five patients (6.8%) discontinued LECIG.ConclusionsLECIG was safe and effective in advanced PD patients.
A wearable real‐time particulate monitor demonstrates that soaking hay reduces dust exposure
Authors: Ivester Kathleen M. , Ni Ji‐Qin , Couetil Laurent L. , Peters Thomas M. , Tatum Marcus , Willems Lynn , Park Jae Hong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundAffordable particulate matter (PM) monitors suitable for use on horses will facilitate the evaluation of PM mitigation methods and improve the management of equine asthma.ObjectiveCalibrate a real‐time wearable PM monitor (Black Beauty [BB]) and compare the PM exposures of horses fed dry or soaked hay.Study designLaboratory calibration; complete cross‐over feed trial.MethodsSide‐by‐side sampling with BB monitors and tapered element oscillating microbalances (TEOMs) was performed under varying concentrations of PM from alfalfa hay. Linear regression was used to derive a calibration formula for each unit based on TEOM PM measurements. Precision was evaluated by calculating the coefficient of variation and pairwise correlation coefficients between three BB monitors. PM exposure was measured at the breathing zone of 10 horses for 8 h after they were fed dry or soaked hay. Repeated measures generalised linear models were constructed to determine the effect of hay treatment and measurement duration (initial 20‐min vs. 8‐h) upon exposure to PM with diameters smaller than or equal to 10 μm (PM10) and 2.5 μm (PM2.5).ResultsBB monitor PM2.5 and PM10 measurements were linearly correlated with TEOM data (coefficient of determination r2 > 0.85 and r2 > 0.90 respectively), but underestimated PM2.5 mass concentrations by a factor of 4 and PM10 concentrations by a factor of 44. Measures from the three BB monitors had a coefficient of variation <15% and pairwise r > 0.98. Feeding soaked hay significantly reduced average PM2.5 exposures (20‐min: dry: 160 μg/m3, soaked: 53 μg/m3, p < 0.0001; 8‐h: dry: 76 μg/m3, soaked: 31 μg/m3, p = 0.0008) and PM10 exposures (20‐min: dry: 2829 μg/m3, soaked: 970 μg/m3, p < 0.0001; 8‐h: dry: 1581 μg/m3, soaked: 488 μg/m3, p = 0.008).Main limitationsNo health outcome measures were collected.ConclusionsWith appropriate corrections, the BB monitor can be used to estimate horse PM exposure. While 20‐min measurements yielded higher estimates of exposure than 8‐h measurements, both intervals demonstrate that soaking hay reduces PM exposures by more than 50%.
The relationship between familial factors and youth mental health outcomes in Korean American families: The mediation effects of youth's negative emotionality
Authors: Park In Young , Park Michael , Bellamy Jennifer , Choi Yoonsun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDepressive symptoms are one of the mental health problems among Korean American (KA) youth. Although several studies examined mental distress among KA youth, few have examined the associations between different familial factors, negative emotionality, and depressive symptoms among them, especially using longitudinal data. Drawing on the Triadic Model of Family Process (TMFP), this study examined the longitudinal associations between Korean‐specific aspects of familial factors and depressive symptoms among KA youth and the mediation role of negative emotionality in the relationships. Using KA youth and parent data from the Midwest Longitudinal Study of Asian American Families (MLSAAF) project, path analyses revealed that family enmeshment and youth‐reported intergenerational conflict were associated with youth depressive symptoms, with negative emotionality serving as a mediator. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing negative emotionality and improving parent–youth relationship quality and family boundaries could be helpful in reducing youth depressive symptoms.
Resolving the Intricate Effects of Multiple Global Change Drivers on Root Litter Decomposition
Authors: Zhao Qingzhou , Freschet Grégoire T. , Tao Tingting , Smith Gabriel Reuben , Wang Peng , Hu Lingyan , Ma Miaojun , Johnson David , Crowther Thomas W. , Hu Shuijin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPlant roots represent about a quarter of global plant biomass and constitute a primary source of soil organic carbon (C). Yet, considerable uncertainty persists regarding root litter decomposition and their responses to global change factors (GCFs). Much of this uncertainty stems from a limited understanding of the multifactorial effects of GCFs and it remains unclear how these effects are mediated by litter quality, soil conditions and microbial functionality. Using complementary field decomposition and laboratory incubation approaches, we assessed the relative controls of GCF‐mediated changes in root litter traits and soil and microbial properties on fine‐root decomposition under warming, nitrogen (N) enrichment, and precipitation alteration. We found that warming and N enrichment accelerated fine‐root decomposition by over 10%, and their combination showed an additive effect, while precipitation reduction suppressed decomposition overall by 12%, with the suppressive effect being most significant under warming‐alone and N enrichment‐alone conditions. Significantly, changes in litter quality played a dominant role and accelerated fine‐root decomposition by 15% ~ 18% under warming and N enrichment, while changes in soil and microbial properties were predominant and reduced decomposition by 7% ~ 10% under precipitation reduction and the combined warming and N enrichment. Examining only the decomposition environment or litter properties in isolation can distort global change effects on root decomposition, underestimating precipitation reduction impacts by 38% and overstating warming and N effects by up to 73%. These findings highlight that the net impact of GCFs on root litter decomposition hinges on the interplay between GCF‐modulated root decomposability and decomposition environment, as well as on the synergistic or antagonistic relationships among GCFs themselves. Our study emphasizes that integrating the legacy effects of multiple GCFs on root traits, soil conditions and microbial functionality would improve our prediction of C and nutrient cycling under interactive global change scenarios.
Imagined Communities of Chinese International Graduates in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Yin Yijun , Chik Alice , Falloon Garry 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe rapid increase in the number of international graduates seeking employment opportunities in host countries has been accompanied by a corresponding growth in related discourse regarding how international students could successfully benefit from post‐study work visa schemes and whether or not they are ‘career‐ready’ in local job markets. This study focuses on the linguistic capital among international graduates during their study–work transition processes. The qualitative analysis highlights that international graduates encounter various language‐related challenges during their transitions. However, their increased investment in English could not be simply interpreted as actions to overcome the language‐related challenges that they had encountered but was also for gaining access to their imagined communities, achieving non‐linguistic goals and employment outcomes. The study draws implications for understanding how international graduates could be better accommodated and encouraged to participate in the wider communities in their host countries. This is important knowledge, as enhancing employment outcomes is not only a goal for students pursuing international education but also of critical interest to countries seeking to sustain the international education industry.
Knowledge and Skills Are Not Enough—Exploring the Determinants of Financial Behavior Formation
Authors: Lučić Andrea , Erceg Nikola , Barbić Dajana 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how young people learn to manage their finances responsibly can guide interventions to improve their financial health and stability in the short and long term, yet merely increasing financial knowledge and skills is ineffective. Psychological and environmental factors appear to be important determinants of financial behavior, yet such factors have long been neglected in the literature. The present study appears to be the first to assess empirically the contribution of intuitive and rational mental capacity as well as opportunities and motivation to financial behavior formation. We surveyed 2299 young adults at 229 high schools and universities in Croatia. Through structural equation modeling, we found that intuitive and rational thinking as well as motivation and opportunity substantially influenced the formation of financial behavior, whereas financial knowledge played a negligible role. Rational thinking was a stronger determinant than intuitive thinking in the case of healthy financial behavior, while the opposite was true in the case of impulsive consumption. These insights may help develop effective interventions for promoting positive financial habits among young adults.
Comorbidities in Japanese testicular cancer survivors: A multi‐institutional, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Koyama Juntaro , Yamashita Shinichi , Kakimoto Kenichi , Uemura Motohide , Kishida Takeshi , Kawai Koji , Nakamura Terukazu , Goto Takayuki , Osawa Takahiro , Nishimura Kazuo , Nonomura Norio , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Shiraishi Takumi , Ukimura Osamu , Ogawa Osamu , Shinohara Nobuo , Suzukamo Yoshimi , Ito Akihiro , Arai Yoichi 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate comorbidities in Japanese testicular cancer (TC) survivors in a multi‐institutional, cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study enrolled TC survivors who visited any of the eight high‐volume institutions in Japan from 2018 to 2019. After obtaining informed consent, participants answered questionnaires about their comorbidities. We analyzed the impact of treatment on comorbidities rate in TC survivors.ResultsA total of 509 TC survivors responded to the comorbidity questionnaires. Median age at the time of response was 43 years (IQR 35–51 years) and median follow‐up period after treatment was 5.1 years (IQR 2.1–9.2 years). TC survivors were divided according to the number of cycles of chemotherapy into the following groups: None (n = 153); 1–2 cycles (n = 34); 3–4 cycles (n = 234); or ≥5 cycles (n = 88). The prevalence of kidney disease increased significantly with increasing number of cycles of chemotherapy (p < 0.05). The relative risk of cardiovascular disease in the groups with three or more cycles was 2.6 compared to the group without chemotherapy.ConclusionThe present study showed that the prevalence of kidney disease in TC survivors was increased with increasing number of cycles of chemotherapy.