bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Begging behavior as an honest signal of need and parent–offspring association during the postfledging dependency period
Authors: Davis Kayla L. , Karpanty Sarah M. , Spendelow Jeffrey A. , Cohen Jonathan B. , Althouse Melissa A. , Parsons Katharine C. , Luttazi Cristin F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHonest signaling mechanisms can function to appropriate care to hungry offspring and avoid misdirected care of unrelated offspring. Begging, the behavior by which offspring solicit food and parental care, may be an honest signaling mechanism for need, as well as association of parents and offspring. Roseate terns (Sterna dougallii) exhibit prolonged parental care during the postbreeding staging period, offering an ideal system in which to study begging as an honest signaling mechanism. We conducted focal sampling during two premigratory staging seasons (2014 and 2015) at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts, USA to determine whether postfledging tern begging behavior was an honest signal for need and parent–offspring association. Based on honest signaling theory, we expected begging behavior to be highest during times of high perceived need, and we expected to see a decrease in begging behavior as young terns became increasingly independent of the care‐giving parent. Also, we predicted that young terns would be more likely to beg at parents than nonparents. We found that young roseate terns begged at their parents more often than nonparents; however, they did not always beg at parents. Model predictions of begging probability showed a linear relationship between begging and time of day and date of season, such that begging increased with time of day and decreased with date of season, respectively. Our results provide evidence for honest parent–offspring interactions and are inconsistent with parent–offspring conflict theory but suggest that begging may play a complex role in postfledging parent–offspring interactions.OPEN RESEARCH BADGESThis article has been awarded Open Data, Open materials Badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework athttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2656718.
Image‐based sorting and negative dielectrophoresis for high purity cell and particle separation
Authors: Thomas Rupert S. W. , Mitchell Peter D. , Oreffo Richard O. C , Morgan Hywel , Green Nicolas G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicroelectrode arrays are used to sort single fluorescently labeled cells and particles as they flow through a microfluidic channel using dielectrophoresis. Negative dielectrophoresis is used to create a “Dielectrophoretic virtual channel” that runs along the center of the microfluidic channel. By switching the polarity of the electrodes, the virtual channel can be dynamically reconfigured to direct particles along a different path. This is demonstrated by sorting particles into two microfluidic outlets, controlled by an automated system that interprets video data from a color camera and makes complex sorting decisions based on color, intensity, size, and shape. This enables the rejection of particle aggregates and other impurities, and the system is optimized to isolate high purity populations from a heterogeneous sample. Green beads are isolated from an excess of red beads with 100% purity at a rate of up to 0.9 particles per second, in addition application to the sorting of osteosarcoma and human bone marrow cells is evidenced. The extension of Dielectrophoretic Virtual Channels to an arbitrary number of sorting outputs is examined, with design, simulation, and experimental verification of two alternate geometries presented and compared.
Accurate, rapid and reliable, fully automated MRI brainstem segmentation for application in multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Sander Laura , Pezold Simon , Andermatt Simon , Amann Michael , Meier Dominik , Wendebourg Maria J. , Sinnecker Tim , Radue Ernst‐Wilhelm , Naegelin Yvonne , Granziera Cristina , Kappos Ludwig , Wuerfel Jens , Cattin Philippe , Schlaeger Regina ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2019

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), can affect the brainstem and are associated with atrophy that can be visualized by MRI. Anatomically accurate, large‐scale assessments of brainstem atrophy are challenging due to lack of automated, accurate segmentation methods. We present a novel method for brainstem volumetry using a fully‐automated segmentation approach based on multi‐dimensional gated recurrent units (MD‐GRU), a deep learning based semantic segmentation approach employing a convolutional adaptation of gated recurrent units. The neural network was trained on 67 3D‐high resolution T1‐weighted MRI scans from MS patients and healthy controls (HC) and refined using segmentations of 20 independent MS patients' scans. Reproducibility was assessed in MR test–retest experiments in 33 HC. Accuracy and robustness were examined by Dice scores comparing MD‐GRU to FreeSurfer and manual brainstem segmentations in independent MS and AD datasets. The mean %‐change/SD between test–retest brainstem volumes were 0.45%/0.005 (MD‐GRU), 0.95%/0.009 (FreeSurfer), 0.86%/0.007 (manually edited segmentations). Comparing MD‐GRU to manually edited segmentations the mean Dice scores/SD were: 0.97/0.005 (brainstem), 0.95/0.013 (mesencephalon), 0.98/0.006 (pons), 0.95/0.015 (medulla oblongata). Compared to the manual gold standard, MD‐GRU brainstem segmentations were more accurate than FreeSurfer segmentations (p < .001). In the multi‐centric acquired AD data, the mean Dice score/SD for the MD‐GRU‐manual segmentation comparison was 0.97/0.006. The fully automated brainstem segmentation method MD‐GRU provides accurate, highly reproducible, and robust segmentations in HC and patients with MS and AD in 200 s/scan on an Nvidia GeForce GTX 1080 GPU and shows potential for application in large and longitudinal datasets.
Patients' Perspectives on Early Liver Transplantation in Alcohol‐Related Liver Disease
Authors: Wong Eric , Mullins Paul D. , Wallach Jean‐Philippe , Yoshida Eric M. , Erb Sigfried R. , Ford Jo‐Ann , Scudamore Charles H. , Marquez Vladimir 
Published: June 2019

Liver transplant programs in Canada require a period of 6 months of abstinence from alcohol before considering a patient with liver disease secondary to alcohol for transplantation. Although some studies have demonstrated good outcomes following a transplant in carefully selected patients before the 6‐month abstinence period has been met, there have been arguments against this, including the claim that the public has a general negative perception of those with alcohol dependence. We performed a multicenter cross‐sectional survey to determine the perception of people in British Columbia, Canada, toward liver transplantation in patients with liver disease due to alcohol who have not demonstrated the capacity to remain abstinent from alcohol for 6 months. A total of 304 patient questionnaires were completed, and 83.1% agreed with a period of abstinence of 6 months. In those patients who were unlikely to survive 6 months without a transplant, 34.1% of respondents agreed with, 44.1% did not agree with, and 21.4% were neutral about, early transplantation; 42.8% would have less trust in the process of transplantation if a period of abstinence was not maintained, but relaxing the requirement for an abstinence period would not have an impact on the majority's decision to donate organs. Only 30.5% would support abandoning the abstinence criteria. Conclusion: Among patients followed at general gastroenterology, medicine, or transplant clinics, there is a willingness to relax the criteria in selected patients unlikely to survive without a transplant, although a general consensus remains in support of the existing 6‐month alcohol abstinence rule. A larger scale survey of all provinces in Canada would be required to assess support for such a change in policy.
Intimate partner violence and contraceptive use among married women in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Ajay , Weissman Amy , Thapa Basant , Chen Mario 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine relationships between lifetime experience of intimate partner violence (IPV), and current contraceptive use and method among married women of reproductive age in Nepal.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of 2016 Nepal Demographic Health Survey data on contraceptive use and IPV experience among ever‐married women of reproductive age. Weighted percentages were reported and multinomial logistic regression was used to assess associations between IPV (physical, sexual, emotional, or any form) and contraception use (modern reversible, sterilization, or traditional).ResultsAmong 3562 women who responded to the violence module, 26% reported experiencing any form (physical, sexual or emotional) of IPV in their lifetime. Lifetime exposure to any form of IPV was associated with sterilization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–2.00) and lifetime exposure to physical violence only was significantly associated with having been sterilized (aOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.17–2.16).ConclusionExperience of violence, particularly physical violence, was found to be associated with sterilization in Nepal. Research is needed to understand the causes of this association, and the decision‐making power dynamics related to contraceptive use, husbands’ attitudes toward sterilization, and the reasons why sterilization—relative to other contraceptive options—was the contraceptive method of choice.
Biphasic calcium phosphate and polymer‐coated bovine bone matrix for sinus grafting in an animal model
Authors: Sheftel Yevgeny , Ruddiman Frances , Schmidlin Patrick , Duncan Warwick 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAutogenous bone grafting requires a donor site and may lose substantial volume during remodeling. Several bone replacement materials (BRMs) are under development to overcome these limitations, especially for indications for minimally intervention surgeries. The objective of our study was to assess the potential of an equine collagen cone reinforced with biphasic calcium phosphate (CC‐BCP) particles and deproteinized bovine bone matrix (BBM) coated with polylactic acid, and poly‐ε‐caprolactone copolymer (BBM‐PCC) and then to compare the outcomes with a deproteinized BBM and an equine CC without a filler in a sheep sinus grafting model in the Elleven female sheep were selected. Two experimental sites on each side of the animals were prepared using an extraoral approach for maxillary sinus wall. The four treatments were performed in each animal through a standardized 10‐mm access window. While the BBM access was covered with a collagen membrane, all other sites were closed with an equine collagen membrane. All animals were euthanized after 16 weeks. New bone (NB), residual graft particles, and connective tissue were measured in undemineralized resin‐embedded sections. As a result, one sheep did not survive the surgery. All sites in the remaining 10 sheep healed uneventfully. All CC and BBM‐PCC grafts resorbed and failed to augment the sinuses. BBM and CC‐BCP, in contrast, showed some histologic evidence of NB and surgical site augmentation. The NB fraction in the latter two groups accounted for 10 ± 9 and 4 ± 5%, respectively (p > 0.05). In conclusion, BBM‐PCC and collagen cone performed poorly for sinus floor augmentation, while deproteinised BBM and reinforced collagen cone demonstrated comparable outcomes
Osteocyte Death and Bone Overgrowth in Mice Lacking Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors 1 and 2 in Mature Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
Authors: McKenzie Jennifer , Smith Craig , Karuppaiah Kannan , Langberg Joshua , Silva Matthew J , Ornitz David M 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways have well-established roles in skeletal development, with essential functions in both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. In mice, previous conditional knockout studies suggested distinct roles for FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling at different stages of osteogenesis and a role for FGFR2 in osteoblast maturation. However, the potential for redundancy among FGFRs and the mechanisms and consequences of stage-specific osteoblast lineage regulation were not addressed. Here, we conditionally inactivate Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in mature osteoblasts with an Osteocalcin (OC)-Cre or Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1)-CreER driver. We find that young mice lacking both receptors or only FGFR1 are phenotypically normal. However, between 6 and 12 weeks of age, OC-Cre Fgfr1/Fgfr2 double- and Fgfr1 single-conditional knockout mice develop a high bone mass phenotype with increased periosteal apposition, increased and disorganized endocortical bone with increased porosity, and biomechanical properties that reflect increased bone mass but impaired material properties. Histopathological and gene expression analyses show that this phenotype is preceded by a striking loss of osteocytes and accompanied by activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These data identify a role for FGFR1 signaling in mature osteoblasts/osteocytes that is directly or indirectly required for osteocyte survival and regulation of bone mass during postnatal bone growth. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Isometry invariant permutation codes and mutually orthogonal Latin squares
Authors: Janiszczak Ingo , Staszewski Reiner 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCommonly, the direct construction and the description of mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLS) make use of difference or quasi‐difference matrices. Now there exists a correspondence between MOLS and separable permutation codes. We present separable permutation codes of length , , , and and minimum distance , , , and consisting of , , , and codewords, respectively. Using the correspondence, this gives 6 MOLS for , MOLS for , MOLS for , and MOLS for . The codes are given by generators of an appropriate subgroup of the isometry group of the symmetric group and ‐orbit representatives. This gives an alternative uniform way to describe the MOLS.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00473 drives the progression of pancreatic cancer via upregulating programmed death‐ligand 1 by sponging microRNA‐195‐5p
Authors: Zhou Wen‐Yang , Zhang Ming‐Ming , Liu Chang , Kang Ye , Wang Jin‐Ou , Yang Xiang‐Hong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) is a great health burden to patients owing to its poor overall survival rate. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) interact with microRNAs (miRs) to participate in tumorigenesis. Therefore, we aim to uncover the role and related mechanism of LINC00473 in PC through the modulation of miR‐195‐5p and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Increased LINC00473 and PD‐L1 but declined miR‐195‐5p were determined in PC tissues and cell lines, and it was found that LINC00473 mainly situated in the cytoplasm. Also, miR‐195‐5p was verified to bind with both LINC00473 and PD‐L1. Next, with the aim to examine the ability of LINC00473, miR‐195‐5p, and PD‐L1 on the PC progression, the expression of LINC00473, miR‐195‐5p and PD‐L1 were altered with mimics, inhibitors, overexpression vectors or siRNAs in PC cells and cocultured CD8+ T cells. It was demonstrated that LINC00473 sponged miR‐195‐5p to upregulate PD‐L1 expression. More important, the obtained results revealed that LINC00473 silencing or miR‐195‐5p upregulation elevated the expression of Bcl‐2 associated X protein (Bax), interferon (IFN)‐γ, and interleukin (IL)‐4 but reduced the expression of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9, and IL‐10, thus inducing the enhancement of the apoptosis as along with the inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration of the PC cells. LINC00473 silencing or miR‐195‐5p elevation activated the CD8+ T cells. Taken together, LINC00473 silencing blocked the PC progression through enhancing miR‐195‐5p‐targeted downregulation of PD‐L1. This finding offers new therapeutic options for treating this devastating disease.
Alternative splicing events during adipogenesis from hMSCs
Authors: Yi Xia , Yang Yunzhong , Wu Ping , Xu Xiaoyuan , Li Weidong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdipogenesis, the developmental process of progenitor‐cell differentiating into adipocytes, leads to fat metabolic disorders. Alternative splicing (AS), a ubiquitous regulatory mechanism of gene expression, allows the generation of more than one unique messenger RNA (mRNA) species from a single gene. Till now, alternative splicing events during adipogenesis from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are not yet fully elucidated. We performed RNA‐Seq coupled with bioinformatics analysis to identify the differentially expressed AS genes and events during adipogenesis from hMSCs. A global survey separately identified 1262, 1181, 1167, and 1227 ASE involved in the most common types of AS including cassette exon, alt3, and alt5, especially with cassette exon the most prevalent, at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days during adipogenesis. Interestingly, 122 differentially expressed ASE referred to 118 genes, and the three genes including ACTN1 (alt3 and cassette), LRP1 (alt3 and alt5), and LTBP4 (cassette, cassette_multi, and unknown), appeared in multiple AS types of ASE during adipogenesis. Except for all the identified ASE of LRP1 occurred in the extracellular topological domain, alt3 (84) in transmembrane domain significantly differentially expressed was the potential key event during adipogenesis. Overall, we have, for the first time, conducted the global transcriptional profiling during adipogenesis of hMSCs to identify differentially expressed ASE and ASE‐related genes. This finding would provide extensive ASE as the regulator of adipogenesis and the potential targets for future molecular research into adipogenesis‐related metabolic disorders.
SPTBN1 and cancer, which links?
Authors: Chen Shuyi , Li Jiajia , Zhou Ping , Zhi Xiuling 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSPTBN1 is a dynamic intracellular nonpleckstrin homology‐domain protein, functioning as a transforming growth factor‐β signal transducing adapter protein which is necessary to form Smad3/Smad4 complex. Recently SPTBN1 is considered to be associated with many kinds of cancers. SPTBN1 expression and function differ between different tumor states or types. This review summarizes the recent advances in the expression patterns of SPTBN1 in cancers, and in understanding the mechanisms by which SPTBN1 affects the occurrence, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Identifying SPTBN1 expression and function in cancers will contribute to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer and the investigation of anticancer drugs.
Evaluation of microalgae growth in a mixed‐type photobioreactor system for the phycoremediation of wastewater
Authors: Pacheco Marcondes M , Hoeltz Michele , Bjerk Thiago R , de Souza Maiara P , da Silva Lilian FF , Gressler Pablo D , Moraes Maria SA , Lobo Eduardo A , Schneider Rosana CS 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDRemediation of wastewater using microalgae is an alternative way of reducing environmental impacts associated with wastewater treatment while simultaneously generating biomass that can be converted into biofuels. In this study, the phycoremediation of a secondary urban effluent by native microalgae was investigated using a photobioreactor designed to receive carbon dioxide (CO2). The experiments were carried out with and without CO2 addition, and the physicochemical parameters of the effluent were monitored. The biomass yield was determined as the dry weight, and both the lipid and fatty acid profiles were obtained by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection.RESULTSWith respect to biomass production, lipid content and phycoremediation of the secondary urban effluent, the best results were observed in the experiments using CO2. In these experiments, reductions of biological oxygen demand (54.34%), total phosphorus (92.4%), ammoniacal nitrogen (97.1%) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (92.8%) were observed. The CO2 addition also enhanced microalgae growth, as the maximum cell density (MCD) was 54.26% higher after a shorter period of time compared to the MCD obtained without CO2 addition. The biomass yields were 0.5324 ± 0.007 g L−1 and 0.821 ± 0.014 g L−1 without and with CO2 addition, respectively. The lipid yields per unit of biomass for the CO2 supplemented cultures were not statistically different from cultures that were not supplemented with CO2, and the same was observed for fatty acid composition.CONCLUSIONThe use of the mixed‐type photobioreactor has been shown to be a potential alternative method for biomass production and wastewater phycoremediation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Duration of High School Education and Youth Labour Market Outcomes: Evidence from a Policy Experiment in Ghana
Authors: Abekah‐Nkrumah Gordon , Asuming Patrick Opoku , Yusif Hadrat 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper estimates the effects of an additional year in senior high school (SHS) on early labour market outcomes in Ghana. Using data from a nationally representative household survey, we find that an additional year in SHS increases the likelihood of being employed and being employed in the formal sector but has no effect on the likelihood of being in paid employment. Additionally, we find that the effects are concentrated in female samples. Although the results constitute an important contribution to the debate on duration of SHS in Ghana, we caution that policy interventions should be based on more extensive evidence. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of postprocessing steps for residue function dependent dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)‐MRI biomarkers and their clinical impact on glioma grading for both 1.5 and 3T
Authors: Bell Laura C. , Stokes Ashley M. , Quarles C. Chad 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundDynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)‐MRI analysis pipelines differ across studies and sites, potentially confounding the clinical value and use of the derived biomarkers.Purpose/HypothesisTo investigate how postprocessing steps for computation of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and residue function dependent parameters (cerebral blood flow [CBF], mean transit time [MTT], capillary transit heterogeneity [CTH]) impact glioma grading.Study TypeRetrospective study from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA).PopulationForty‐nine subjects with low‐ and high‐grade gliomas.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 and 3.0T clinical systems using a single‐echo echo planar imaging (EPI) acquisition.AssessmentManual regions of interest (ROIs) were provided by TCIA and automatically segmented ROIs were generated by k‐means clustering. CBV was calculated based on conventional equations. Residue function dependent biomarkers (CBF, MTT, CTH) were found by two deconvolution methods: circular discretization followed by a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR)‐adapted eigenvalue thresholding (Method 1) and Volterra discretization with L‐curve‐based Tikhonov regularization (Method 2).Statistical TestsAnalysis of variance, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and logistic regression tests.ResultsMTT alone was unable to statistically differentiate glioma grade (P > 0.139). When normalized, tumor CBF, CTH, and CBV did not differ across field strengths (P > 0.141). Biomarkers normalized to automatically segmented regions performed equally (rCTH AUROC is 0.73 compared with 0.74) or better (rCBF AUROC increases from 0.74–0.84; rCBV AUROC increases 0.78–0.86) than manually drawn ROIs. By updating the current deconvolution steps (Method 2), rCTH can act as a classifier for glioma grade (P < 0.007), but not if processed by current conventional DSC methods (Method 1) (P > 0.577). Lastly, higher‐order biomarkers (eg, rCBF and rCTH) along with rCBV increases AUROC to 0.92 for differentiating tumor grade as compared with 0.78 and 0.86 (manual and automatic reference regions, respectively) for rCBV alone.Data ConclusionWith optimized analysis pipelines, higher‐order perfusion biomarkers (rCBF and rCTH) improve glioma grading as compared with CBV alone. Additionally, postprocessing steps impact thresholds needed for glioma grading.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:547–553.