bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emerging roles of macrophages in cancer metastasis and response to chemotherapy
Authors: Sanchez Luis Rivera , Borriello Lucia , Entenberg David , Condeelis John S , Oktay Maja H , Karagiannis George S 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMacrophages represent a heterogeneous group of cells, capable of carrying out distinct functions in a variety of organs and tissues. Even within individual tissues, their functions can vary with location. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) specialize into three major subtypes that carry out multiple tasks simultaneously. This is especially true in the context of metastasis, where TAMs establish most of the cellular and molecular prerequisites for successful cancer cell dissemination and seeding to the secondary site. Perivascular TAMs operate in the perivascular niche, where they promote tumor angiogenesis and aid in the assembly of intravasation sites called tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM). Streaming TAMs co-migrate with tumor cells (irrespective of the perivascular niche) and promote matrix remodeling, tumor cell invasiveness, and an immunosuppressive local microenvironment. Premetastatic TAMs are recruited to the premetastatic niche, where they can assist in tumor cell extravasation, seeding, and metastatic colonization. The dynamic interplay between TAMs and tumor cells can also modify the ability of the latter to resist cytotoxic chemotherapy (a phenotype known as environment-mediated drug resistance) and induce chemotherapy-mediated pro-metastatic microenvironmental changes. These observations suggest that future therapeutics should be designed to target TAMs with the aim of suppressing the metastatic potential of tumors and rendering chemotherapy more efficient.
The pre‐separation of oxygen containing compounds in oxidised heavy paraffinic fractions and their identification by GC‐MS with supersonic molecular beams.
Authors: Potgieter Hein , de Coning Piet , Bekker Riaan , Rohwer Egmont , Amirav Aviv 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe heavy petroleum fractions produced during refining processes need to be upgraded to useable products to increase their value. Hydrogenated heavy paraffinic fractions can be oxidised to produce high value products that contain a variety of oxygenates. These heavy oxygenated paraffinic fractions need to be characterised to enable the control of oxidation processes and to understand product properties. The accurate identification of the oxygenates present in these fractions by electron ionisation (EI) mass spectrometry is challenging due to the complexity of these heavy fractions. Adding to this challenge is the limited applicability of EI mass spectral libraries due to the absence of molecular ions from the EI mass spectra of many oxygenates. The separation of oxygenates from the complex hydrocarbon matrix prior to high temperature GC‐MS (HT‐GC‐MS) analysis reduces the complexity of these fractions and assists in the accurate identification of these oxygenates. Solid phase extraction (SPE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) were employed as prefractionation techniques. GC‐MS with supersonic molecular beams (SMBs) (also named GC‐MS with cold‐EI) utilises a SMB interface with which EI is done with vibrationally cold sample compounds in a fly‐through ion source (cold‐EI) resulting in a substantial increase in the molecular ion signal intensity in the mass spectrum. This greatly enhances the accurate identification of the oxygenates in these fractions. This study investigated the ionisation behaviour of oxygenated compounds using cold‐EI. The prefractionation by SPE and SFC and the subsequent analysis with GC‐MS with cold‐EI were applied to an oxygenated heavy paraffinic fraction.
Effect of anatomical variability on stress‐shielding induced by short calcar‐guided stems: Automated finite element analysis of 90 femora
Authors: Sas Amelie , Pellikaan Pim , Kolk Sjoerd , Marty Pablo , Scheerlinck Thierry , van Lenthe G. Harry 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTShort stem hip implants are becoming increasingly popular since they preserve bone stock and presumably reduce stress‐shielding. However, concerns remain whether they are suitable for a wide range of patients with varying anatomy. The aim of this study was to investigate how femoral anatomy influences stress‐shielding induced by a short calcar‐guided stem across a set of 90 CT‐based femur models. A computational tool was developed that automatically selected the optimal size and position of the stem. Finite element models of the intact and implanted femurs were constructed and subjected to walking loads. Stress‐shielding was evaluated in relevant volumes of interest of the proximal femur. After a detailed anatomical analysis, linear regression was performed to find potential correlations between anatomy and stress‐shielding. Stress‐shielding was found to be highest in the proximal regions on the medial and posterior side. A highly significant negative relationship was observed between stress‐shielding and bone density; a strong positive relationship was observed with stem size and the valgus orientation of the stem with respect to the femur. The results reveal how anatomy influences stress‐shielding, and they highlight the importance of evaluating new implant designs across a large population taking into account the anatomical variability. The study demonstrates that such large population studies can be conducted in an efficient way using an automated workflow. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 9999:1–8, 2019.
Andosol clay re‐aggregation observed at the microscale during physical organic matter fractionation
Authors: Inagaki Thiago M. , Mueller Carsten W. , Lehmann Johannes , Kögel-Knabner Ingrid 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe high aggregate stability of Andosols and the direct effects of sample drying led to several inconsistencies during physical soil organic matter fractionation. We have determined that NaCl addition displayed little influence on clay dispersion. At the microscale, we observed the re‐aggregation of the clay fraction caused by freeze‐drying. This issue was avoided by analyzing aliquots of soil suspension. Thus, we recommend reserving a small soil liquid aliquot to be subjected to microscopy analysis.
Elk forage and risk tradeoffs during the fall archery season
Authors: DeVoe Jesse D. , Proffitt Kelly M. , Mitchell Michael S. , Jourdonnais Craig S. , Barker Kristin J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTDuring late summer and fall, elk (Cervus canadensis) need access to adequate nutrition to support physiological requirements for reproduction and overwinter survival. The archery hunting season often occurs during this period and can affect distributions of elk as they seek areas that minimize perceived harvest risk. Areas that confer lower harvest risk may provide relatively low‐value nutrition, resulting in a potential tradeoff between minimizing risk and accessing adequate forage. We used radio‐collar data collected from female elk during late summer and fall (Aug–Oct) and estimated resource selection models to evaluate the extent of this potential risk‐nutrition tradeoff. To evaluate if elk exposed to a greater hunting risk altered selection for forage resources, we assessed the relationship between individuals’ selection coefficients for forage and the proportion of their late‐summer‐fall home range accessible to hunters (our metric of hunting risk). Our results indicate that during the archery season, elk with higher‐risk home ranges selected more strongly for areas farther from motorized routes than elk with lower‐risk home ranges. Regardless of the level of risk, however, elk maintained or increased selection for areas with higher forage quality, suggesting that elk did not compromise access to nutritional resources during the archery season. Elk with higher‐risk home ranges were also exposed to the poorest nutrition and increased their selection for areas with higher forage quality more strongly than elk with lower‐risk home ranges during the hunting season. Elk with lower‐risk home ranges had access to the highest nutrition, which may be due to the availability of concentrated sources of high‐quality forage from irrigated agricultural areas on private lands that restricted hunter access. Resource agencies interested in encouraging elk to remain on public lands during the hunting seasons might consider closing motorized travel during the archery season to increase security on public lands, limiting hunter pressure on public lands, improving forage quality on public lands, and working with private land owners to enhance hunter accessibility and restrict elk access to high‐quality forage resources. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Pelagic contribution to gross primary production dynamics in shallow areas of York River, VA, U.S.A.
Authors: Qin Qubin , Shen Jian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe pelagic contribution to total gross primary production (GPP) is often used to evaluate the assemblages of primary producers in shallow estuarine and coastal ecosystems that shift between benthic‐dominated and pelagic‐dominated status as a response to nutrient loading change. This study investigated the spatial and temporal variability of the pelagic contribution to ecosystem GPP for the years 2003–2015 in shallow areas of the York River. The monthly average values of ecosystem GPP and pelagic GPP were estimated by using 15‐min observational data of dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a, respectively. A larger pelagic contribution, generally, corresponded to a higher pelagic GPP, while pelagic GPP showed significant positive correlations to riverine discharge and total nitrogen loading at mesohaline and polyhaline stations. The interannual variability in benthic GPP (ecosystem GPP – pelagic GPP), however, exhibited a non‐monotonic relationship to the increase in pelagic GPP. A conceptual model with four ecosystem stages in response to nutrient loading changes is proposed based on changes in the relationship between benthic GPP and pelagic GPP, and that between pelagic contribution and pelagic GPP. The model can explain the different responses of an ecosystem to nutrient loading observed in various estuaries and can be used to evaluate the status of an ecosystem undergoing the eutrophication/oligotrophication process. The stages of York River ecosystems during the study period were quantitatively examined. Results suggest that benthic GPP shows negative correlations to pelagic GPP in the downstream York River over most months of the year, indicating a gradual degradation of the benthic community.
Improved Cell Viability and Biocompatibility of Bacterial Cellulose through in Situ Carboxymethylation
Authors: Zhou Dongyan , Sun Yue , Bao Zixian , Liu Wenshuai , Xian Mo , Nian Rui , Xu Fei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural product with multiple properties, which has been utilized in tissue engineering. However, cell adhesion and proliferation are reported to be weaker on native BC, providing less support compared to other types of biomaterials, like collagen. To increase the biocompatibility and the medical performance of BC, in situ modification is used to add carboxymethyl group to BC. By partially changing the structure and physical properties of BC, carboxymethylation significantly increases cell affinity and viability, especially on the initial cell adhesion. Furthermore, in the in vivo implantation, the tissue reaction shows that carboxymethylation significantly increases the biocompatibility of BC, exhibiting better tissue condition and a lower inflammatory reaction which are proved through HE staining and immunohistochemistry. The data prove that in situ carboxymethylation is a simple and direct way of improving the performance of BC in medical applications.
Full asymptotics and Laurent series of layer potentials for Laplace's equation on the half‐space
Authors: Fritzsch Karsten 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe combine the calculus of conormal distributions, in particular the Pull‐Back and Push‐Forward Theorems, with the method of layer potentials to solve the Dirichlet and Neumann problems on half‐spaces. We obtain full asymptotic expansions for the solutions, show that boundary layer potential operators are elements of the full b‐calculus and give a new proof of the classical jump relations. En route, we improve Siegel and Talvila's growth estimates for the modified layer potentials in the case of polyhomogeneous boundary data. The techniques we use here can be generalised to geometrically more complex settings, as for instance the exterior domain of touching domains or domains with fibred cusps. This work is intended to be a first step in a longer program aiming at understanding the method of layer potentials in the setting of certain non‐Lipschitz singularities that can be resolved in the sense of Melrose using manifolds with corners and at applying a matching asymptotics ansatz to singular perturbations of related problems.
Identifying pathogenic variants in the Follistatin‐like 1 gene (FSTL1) in patients with skeletal and atrioventricular valve disorders
Authors: Prakash Stuti , Mattiotti Andrea , Sylva Marc , Mulder Barbara J. M. , Postma Alex V. , van den Hoff Maurice J. B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundFollistatin‐like 1 (Fstl1) is a glycoprotein expressed throughout embryonic development. Homozygous loss of Fstl1 in mice results in skeletal and respiratory defects, leading to neonatal death due to a collapse of the trachea. Furthermore, Fstl1 conditional deletion from the endocardial/endothelial lineage results in postnatal death due to heart failure and profound atrioventricular valve defects. Here, we investigated patients with phenotypes similar to the phenotypes observed in the transgenic mice, for variants in FSTL1.MethodsIn total, 69 genetically unresolved patients were selected with the following phenotypes: campomelic dysplasia (12), small patella syndrome (2), BILU (1), and congenital heart disease patients (54), of which 16 also had kyphoscoliosis, and 38 had valve abnormalities as their main diagnosis. Using qPCR, none of 69 patients showed copy number variations in FSTL1. The entire gene body, including microRNA‐198 and three validated microRNA‐binding sites, were analyzed using Sanger sequencing.ResultsNo variants were found in the coding region. However, 8 intronic variants were identified that differed significantly in their minor allele frequency compared to controls. Variant rs2272515 was found to significantly correlate (p < 0.05) with kyphoscoliosis.ConclusionWe conclude that pathogenic variants in FSTL1 are unlikely to be responsible for skeletal or atrioventricular valve anomalies in humans.
Field trial of IRNSS receiver
Authors: Rawat Abhishek , Savaliya Jatin , Chhabhaya Dwarkesh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIRNSS is an independent regional navigation system being developed by Indian Space Research Organization, India. Ionospheric scintillations are very important to satellite‐based radio communication and navigation. Ionospheric variations are responsible for most of the range error which yields in inaccurate position coordinates and degradation in signal power (carrier to noise power ratio).This article represents a comparative analysis of position error and Ionospheric delay among IRNSS (Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System) and GPS (Global Positioning System) considering the ionospheric correction algorithms being used in both satellite constellations. Grid based ionospheric correction, dual frequency delay correction, and coefficient based have been considered for comparison of both IRNSS and GPS navigation system.
Reducing false positive rate of fetal monosomy X in non‐invasive prenatal testing using a combined algorithm to detect maternal mosaic monosomy X
Authors: Phan Minh‐Duy , Vo Binh T. , Nguyen Thong V. , Tran Nhat‐Thang , Trinh Huong N.T. , Nguyen Tho T.Q. , Nguyen Nguyen H. , Tran Truong T. , Tran Uyen V. , Dao Thuy T.H. , Pham Anh H. , Tran Tam H. , Truong Kiet D. , Hoang Tuyet T.D. , Do Thanh‐Thuy T. , Nguyen Hoai‐Nghia , Giang Hoa 
Published: February 2019

What's already known about this topic?

The false positive rate of detecting monosomy X by NIPT is higher than that of other autosomal aneuploidies, due in part to maternal mosaic monosomy X.
What does this study add?

Our triSure method is less sensitive to the confounding effect of maternal DNA than NIPTeR method.
By combining z‐scores of chrX from triSure and NIPTeR, we can detect cases of fetal XX (−2.5 < zX by triSure < 2.5) with maternal mosaicism monosomy X (zX by NIPTeR < −2.5), potentially reducing false positive rate of fetal monosomy X.
Variants in the 5'‐UTR of APELA gene in women with preeclampsia
Authors: Yang Xin , Bian Yuehong , Wan Jipeng , Li Lei , Yang Ping , Zhao Shigang , Zhao Han 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo detect APELA gene variants in clinical cases with preeclampsia (PE) and evaluate the influence of the APELA variants in gene expression.MethodA total of 288 individuals suffering from PE and 384 unaffected individuals were chosen for case‐control studies. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Variants screening of APELA gene was conducted, and potential influence of variants in APELA expression was evaluated with a luciferase assay.ResultsTwo rare variants (c.‐306A > G and c.‐145A > G) in the 5'‐UTR of APELA gene were identified exclusively in PE affected individuals. Luciferase assays in HEK293 cells and HTR‐8/SVneo cells revealed that both variants impaired transcriptional activity of APELA by altering the function of promoter region. Also, a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (c.159 T > C) in exon 2 of APELA was found in both cases and controls, and there was no statistically significant difference in genotype and allele frequency between cases and controls.ConclusionVariants in the 5'‐UTR of APELA gene may account for variability of APELA expression among individuals with PE and may play a negative regulatory role in the pathogenesis of PE.
Validating an algorithm for multiple myeloma based on administrative data using a SEER tumor registry and medical record review
Authors: Brandenburg Nancy A. , Phillips Syd , Wells Karen E. , Woodcroft Kimberley J. , Amend Kandace L. , Enger Cheryl , Oliveria Susan A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeLarge numbers of multiple myeloma patients can be studied in real‐world clinical settings using administrative databases. The validity of these studies is contingent upon accurate case identification. Our objective was to develop and evaluate algorithms to use with administrative data to identify multiple myeloma cases.MethodsPatients aged ≥18 years with ≥1 International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) code for multiple myeloma (203.0x) were identified at two study sites. At site 1, several algorithms were developed and validated by comparing results to tumor registry cases.An algorithm with a reasonable positive predictive value (PPV) (0.81) and sensitivity (0.73) was selected and then validated at site 2 where results were compared with medical chart data. The algorithm required that ICD‐9‐CM codes 203.0x occur before and after the diagnostic procedure codes for multiple myeloma.ResultsAt site 1, we identified 1432 patients. The PPVs of algorithms tested ranged from 0.54 to 0.88. Sensitivities ranged from 0.30 to 0.88. At site 2, a random sample (n = 400) was selected from 3866 patients, and medical charts were reviewed by a clinician for 105 patients. Algorithm PPV was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79‐0.92).ConclusionsWe identified cases of multiple myeloma with adequate validity for claims database analyses. At least two ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis codes 203.0x preceding diagnostic procedure codes for multiple myeloma followed by ICD‐9‐CM codes within a specific time window after diagnostic procedure codes were required to achieve reasonable algorithm performance.
Circumventing the pole problem of reduced lat‐lon grids with local schemes. Part II: Validation experiments
Authors: Glinton Michael R. , Bénard Pierre 
Published: February 2019

Conditions for a horizontal discretization scheme to circumvent the pole problem of reduced latitude–longitude grids in spherical coordinates have been determined in Part I, and a forecast model built on these principles (GRASS) has been developed to solve the shallow‐water equations on the sphere with various accuracy orders in space. Validation experiments are presented here with the main goal to assess the capacity of the model to perform stable, smooth and accurate forecasts with weak filter strengths, even at very high resolution. The selection of test‐cases presented here includes a stationary solid‐body rotation flow over the poles, and a stationary parallel flow with a curved profile of the velocity at poles. A demanding recently proposed test‐case is finally examined in detail, for non‐rotated and rotated coordinates. All test results indicate that the model is able to reach the initial objectives.
A numerical simulation of a strong wind event in January 2013 at King Sejong station, Antarctica
Authors: Kwon Hataek , Park Sang‐Jong , Lee Solji , Kim Baek‐Min , Choi Taejin , Kim Seong‐Joong 
Published: February 2019

A strong wind event (SWE), so‐called “severe gale”, with a 10 min average wind speed of above 22 m/s occurred on 7 January 2013 at the King Sejong station (KSJ) on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). We examine the cause of the SWE and assess the short‐term predictability of such an event, using the state‐of‐the‐art Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (Polar WRF) model. The simulation results, initialized at 0000 UTC 6 January 2013, the day prior to the occurrence of the SWE, produce the most accurate representation of the SWE in terms of strength (∼94% of the peak wind speed). Both model results and observational records reveal that the SWE is mainly caused by the approach of a deep depression with the central pressure of 950 hPa. On top of this synoptic configuration, a particular shape of topography of the AP plays a non‐negligible role for further intensification of the wind at KSJ. As the cyclone approaches the AP, the sea‐level pressure becomes lower and is deformed around the AP due to the topography, driving southeasterly winds traversing the AP. The continuous flow overriding the AP generates a downslope windstorm at the lee side of the AP. The windstorm effect driven by the deformation of sea‐level pressure by the topography of the AP is not properly represented in the coarser‐resolution (27 km) model domain compared with higher (3 and 9 km) resolutions. We conclude that the SWE at KSJ on 7 January 2013 is caused by the combined effect of a synoptic‐scale low‐pressure system with local topography of the AP.
Chemical machine learning with kernels: The impact of loss functions
Authors: Nguyen Quang Van , De Sandip , Lin Junhong , Cevher Volkan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMachine learning promises to accelerate materials discovery by allowing computational efficient property predictions from a small number of reference calculations. As a result, the literature has spent a considerable effort in designing representations that capture basic physical properties. Our work focuses on the less‐studied learning formulations in this context in order to exploit inner structures in the prediction errors. In particular, we propose to directly optimize basic loss functions of the prediction error metrics typically used in the literature, such as the mean absolute error or the worst case error. In some instances, a proper choice of the loss function can directly reduce reasonably the prediction performance in the desired metric, albeit at the cost of additional computations during training. To support this claim, we describe the statistical learning theoretic foundations, and provide supporting numerical evidence with the prediction of atomization energies for a database of small organic molecules.