bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion Characteristics of Human Plasminogen(as Shown by Two Agar Diffusion Techniques)
Authors: Stuckey R. J , Wolf P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe relative diffusion rates of human plasminogen in agar has been compared with immune rabbit γ globulin and with streptokinase. A ratio of 1.1106 was found for plasminogen/immune rabbit γ globulin diffusion and a ratio of 0.80 for plasminogen/ streptokinase. These values were unaltered when plasminogen in normal fresh plasma and serum was replaced by three differently prepared plasminogen concentrates. Taking the D20 value for rabbit γ globulin as 4.23 × 10–7 cm2 sec−1 and for streptokinase the value of 6.1 × 10–7 cm2 sec–1, the corresponding values for human plasminogen were 4.7 and 4.9 × 10–7 cm2 sec–1. The widely divergent D20 values for human plasminogen and plasmin in the literature are reviewed and discussed.
Fibrinolytic Activity of the Arterial Wall
Authors: Onoyama K , Tanaka K 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe tissue fibrinolysis was studied in 550 specimens of 7 kinds of arteries from 80 fresh cadavers, using Astrup’s biochemical method and Todd’s histochemical method with human fibrinogen.In the microscopically normal aortic wall, almost all specimens had the fibrinolytic activity which was the strongest in the adventitia and the weakest in the media.The fibrinolytic activity seemed to be localized in the endothelium.The stronger activity lay in the adventitia of the aorta and the pulmonary artery and all layers of the cerebral artery.The activity of the intima and media of the macroscopically normal areas seemed to be stronger in the internal carotid artery than in the common carotid artery.Mean fibrinolytic activity of the macroscopically normal areas seemed to decrease with age in the intima and the media of the thoracic aorta and seemed to be low in the cases with a high atherosclerotic index.The fibrinolytic activities of all three layers of the fibrous thickened aorta seemed to decrease, and those of the media and the adventitia of the atheromatous plaque to increase.The fibrinolytic activity of the arterial wall might play some role in the progress of atherosclerosis.
Fibrinolytic and Renin Activity in Renal Vein Blood of Patients with Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Nowak A , Kokot F , Czekała Z , Dosiak J , Kuska J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe fibrinolytic system has been studied in 20 patients with renovascular hypertension.Renal and hepatic venous blood was drawn by selective cathetherisations, while peripheral blood was obtained from the inferior vena cava above the bifurcation. In all blood samples the euglobulin fibrinolysis, antiplasmin, plasminogen, fibrinogen, and plasma renin activity were determined.Samples were taken at recumbency and after tilting to 80° for 30 min. In contradistinction to plasma renin activity no differences of the fibrinolytic activity between renal and peripheral venous blood even in that obtained from ischemic kidneys were proved.No diminished secretion of plasminogen activator by ischemic kidneys in man was stated.In the light of the data obtained the participation of fibrinolytic system in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension is doubtfal.
The Effect of Intravenously Injected Adenosine Diphosphate in Rat and Rabbit
Authors: Bosshardt D. K , Howe E. E 
Published: June 2018

SummaryVery large quantities of ADP injected intravenously into rats and rabbits were found to disappear within a matter of minutes. Dietary changes which favor thrombus pro duction did not alter this capacity for ADP elimination. It seems unlikely that varia tions in circulating ‘ADPase’ are involved in thrombus formation.
On the Effect on Human Thrombocytes of Synthetic Organic Fibrinolytic Compounds
Authors: Molinas F , von Kaulla K. N 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effect of various synthetic organic fibrinolysis-inducing compounds was investigated on platelets in plasma and on washed platelets. To a varying degree the com pounds induced a concentration-dependent platelet aggregation. Some at higher molarities cause lysis of platelets. The same molecular modifications which reduce the fibrinolytic activity also seem to reduce the effects of the compounds on platelets. Platelet aggregation by the compounds was reduced by adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, and some other ADP-inhibitors, but there was no proof that the compounds act by releasing ADP from the platelets. With fluorescent compounds their attachment to platelets was demonstrated.
Clumping of Blood Platelets by Heat Aggregated Gamma-Globulin
Authors: Davis R. B , Holtz G. C 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe influence of heat-aggregated γ-globulin on the in vitro clumping of rabbit blood platelets was investigated in detail. Clumping was found to be dependent on the amount of γ-globulin added to the system. Clumping began within 60 sec, and was influenced by the amount of heparin in the system. Incubation of platelet-rich plasma with adenosine prior to the addition of heat-aggregated γ-globulin reduced the extent of platelet aggregation but did so only after aggregation was well under way, 150 sec after addition of γ-globulin. The extent of platelet clumping by aggregated γ-globulin was significantly increased by non-aggregating quantities of epinephrine, nor-epinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the system; however, bradykinin and histamine were without effect. Electron microscopic observations of platelet aggregates showed that variable destructive changes were present in platelet aggregates, with loss of organelles and platelet hyaloplasm. Marked pseudopod formation was observed in platelet aggregates formed by epinephrine and aggregated γ -globulin. The significance of the findings in relation to the problem of arterial thrombosis is discussed.
An Abnormal Pattern of Adenosine Diphosphate-Induced Platelet Aggregation in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zahavi J , Dreyfuss F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPlatelet aggregation as induced by A.D.P. has been studied using the fragiligraph. With this instrument continuous registration for 60 min of the aggregation - disag gregation - behaviour of platelet rich plasma (P.R.P.) has become practicable and a number of parameters of the curves could then be defined and analysed. Specimens from 24 male patients with acute myocardial infarction and 14 normal controls were compared. P.R.P. of the controls exhibited a short phase of an initial rise in optical density (O.D.) lasting 10-20 sec, a phase of decreasing O.D. (5 min), pointing to platelet aggregation and a phase of disaggregation afterwards. The samples of the myocardial patients differed clearly in several aspects : in most of them (18) the initial rise in O.D. was absent and aggregation started immediately; it was though slower but reached a greater extent. The time of maximum aggregation was significantly greater in the patients and there was no overlap with the controls. Coarse aggregates were clearly visible. Final disaggregation was either minimal or absent. At a concen tration of A.D.P. 0.59 γ/ml, the aggregation curve was biphasic in most patients, whereas it was monophasic in the controls. The curves obtained were mathematically analysed including the definition of a parameter called “aggregation time”, τ, and an attempt was made to clarify several of the properties of the curves in terms of platelet behaviour.
Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen über die Verlegung der Lungenstrombahn durch Thrombozytenaggregate
Authors: Neuhof H , Heckers H , Mittermayer Ch 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Transfusion von thrombozytenaggregatreichem Konservenblut führt im Tierexperiment, abhängig von der Blutmenge und den darin enthaltenen aggregierten Thrombozyten, zu einer Verlegung der Lungenstrombahn mit einer Drucksteigerung im kleinen Kreislauf und der Gefahr der akuten Rechtsherzinsuffizienz. Die in der Lunge abgefilterten Mikroemboli können mehrere Tage in der Endstrombahn verweilen, so daß auch wiederholte kleinere Transfusionen mit aggregatreichem Blut trotz mehrtägiger Intervalle eine wirksame Verlegung der Lungengefäße verursachen können. Im Hinblick auf die humane Transfusionspraxis erscheinen Patienten mit bereits reduziertem Gesamtquerschnitt der Lungenstrombahn am meisten gefährdet. Bei erforderlichen Bluttransfusionen sollte bei diesen Patienten nur frisches Konservenblut Verwendung finden und der zeitliche Abstand zwischen den einzelnen Transfusionen möglichst groß gehalten werden.
Thrombin’s Esterase Activity in the Presence of Anticoagulant and Other Salts
Authors: Roberts Phyllis S. , Burkat Rosalind K. , Braxton W. E 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe rates of hydrolysis of TAME by bovine thrombin were studied in the presence and absence of various salts at 37° in 0.25 M Tris . HCl buffer, pH 8.1, with the following results :1. The rates were inhibited to the same extent in the presence of 0.1 M sodium chloride, citrate, oxalate and sulfate and they averaged 49% of rates in the absence of added salts (controls). In contrast to this, rates in the presence of 0.1 M of the corresponding potassium salts averaged 91 % of the controls.2. 0.01 and 0.1 M LiCl, KC1, NH4C1 or CaCl2 inhibited the rates 5 and 17% respectively but the same concentrations of NaCl inhibited them 14 and 49% respectively. The inhibition by 0.1 M NaCl was not prevented or reversed by the presence of the same concentrations of any of these chlorides, except to a small extent by KCl.3. As the concentration of KC1 or NaCl was increased, the rates fell to minimum values and then increased linearly. The minimum rates occurred in the presence of from 0.15 to 0.4 M salts, and with KC1 they were 85% but with NaCl they were 52% of the controls. With 2.5 M KC1 the rates were 141 % but with 2.5 M NaCl they were 68% of the controls.4. Protamine sulfate (2 or 3 mg/ml) had no significant effects on the reaction when tested at either pH 7.4 or 8.1 (Tris buffers). Inhibition was found only when NaCl was present, whether or not protamine sulfate was also present.Since potassium citrate, oxalate, sulfate and chloride as well as lithium, ammonium and calcium chlorides inhibited the rates only slightly and all to about the same degree, it was concluded that the inhibition was probably due to non-specific ionic strength effects and not to inhibition by any of the anions or cations tested. On the other hand, the inhibitions found in the presence of the sodium salts were concluded to be due only partly to a non-specific ionic strength effect, but primarily to a specific inhibitory effect of Na+.
Zur Frage der Hageman-Faktor-Aktivität von Prothrombinpräparaten
Authors: Krause W , Egli H 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungAus gereinigtem Rinderprothrombin, das wir nach der Methode von Seegers isolierten, wurden durch BaSO4-Adsorption sowie nachfolgendes, halbstündiges Erhitzen auf 56° C die Faktoren des Prothrombinkomplexes sowie evtl. Beimengungen von Faktor V und Faktor VIII entfernt. In dem dabei erhaltenen Substrat konnte jedoch mit Hilfe des Kontaktaktivierungstests von Egli und Buscha hohe Hageman - Faktor-Aktivität nachgewiesen werden. Diese war weitgehend unabhängig von der spezifischen Prothrombinaktivität des Ausgangspräparates.
Plasma Fibrin Stabilising Factor (F. S. F.) Activity in Normal Subjects and Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Walls W. D , Losowsky M. S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA kinetic method for the quantitative estimation of plasma F.S.F. activity is described and discussed.This method was applied to normal subjects and to patients with chronic liver disease. The plasma F.S.F. activity was uninfluenced by either sex or age, and the normal range has been defined.A significant decrease in plasma F.S.F. activity was observed in patients with chronic liver disease. Subnormal levels of activity were found in 25% of such patients but were unrelated to episodes of abnormal haemorrhage. Plasma F.S.F. activity tended to be lower in patients with disease of greater clinical severity. In 2 patients showing clinical improvement there was an increase in plasma F. S. F. activity.It was confirmed that plasma fibrinogen levels increase with age.
In Vivo and In Vitro Binding of Factor VIII to Human Platelets
Authors: Karpatkin Margaret Howell , Karpatkin S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHuman platelets were tested for the presence of factor VIII employing a modified partial thromboplastin system. Factor VIII was present on the surface of normal platelets after they had been washed five times in human Ringer solution containing 0.1 mM EDTA. Washed platelets from VIII deficient patients adsorbed factor VIII from normal plasma both in vitro and in vivo.
Serum Effects Following Tissue Thromboplastin Infusion
Authors: Astrup T , Albrechtsen O. K 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTissue thromboplastin injected into the femoral vein of anesthetized rabbits produced intravascular clotting in the vessels through which the thromboplastin flowed. In the systemic arteries macroscopically visible clots were never observed. No trace of tissue thromboplastin could be demonstrated in blood drawn from the carotid artery following infusion of tissue thromboplastin into the femoral vein. The slight, transient enhancement of coagulation of the arterial blood following tissue thromboplastin infusion was caused by a serum effect. After intravenous injection of serum, enhanced activation of coagulation could be observed for a period of up to 2 hrs. It is concluded that tissue thromboplastin, intravenously injected, is removed from the blood during its passage from the femoral vein to the systemic arteries, probably in the capillaries of the lung. True hypercoagulability appears to be due to a serum effect or caused by partial activation of the intrinsic coagulation system. The levels of coagulation precursors in blood are of minor significance.
Fibrin Deposition and Growth of Connective Tissue
Authors: Triantaphyllopoulos D. C , Triantaphyllopoulos E 
Published: June 2018

SummaryInhibition of coagulation by the 25-50% ammonium sulfate fraction of lysed fibrinogen or by heparin delays the formation of adhesions between polyvinyl sponges and peritoneum and retards the invasion of the sponges by connective tissue.
Effect of Phlogodym on Tourniquet Shock
Authors: Lázár G , Karády S , Husztik E 
Published: June 2018

SummaryOur experiments revealed that Phlogodym had a marked adverse effect on the sublethal tourniquet shock of rats. This effect was associated with a simultaneous drop in fibrinogen levels and platelet counts. In the hind limbs of the animals treated with Phlogodym and submitted to tourniquet, a thrombo-hemorrhagic phenomenon which macroscopically and microscopically resembled the Shwartzman Reaction, developed 5 to 20 hrs after the removal of the tourniquet.
Inhibition of the Thrombin-Fibrinogen Reaction by α2-Macroglobulin, Studied by N-Terminal Analysis
Authors: Abildgaard U 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe influence of α2-macroglobulin on the thrombin-fibrinogen reaction was studied with purified human reagents. The N-terminal changes reflecting fibrinopeptide release was measured.α2-macroglobulin inhibited progressively the release of fibrinopeptides A and B. Fibrin polymerization was not influenced. The amount of fibrin formed depended on thrombin and α2-macroglobulin concentrations. When initial thrombin concentration was below 0.2 NIH units/ml, physiological α2-macroglobulin concentrations reduced fibrin formation. The contribution of α2-macroglobulin to the inhibition of the thrombin-fibrinogen reaction in plasma was evaluated.
Factor V and Thrombin in the Intrinsic Clotting System
Authors: Ferguson J. H , Ennis Ella Gray W. , Hitsumoto S , White Norma B. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAllegedly factor V 1-stage bioassays and an established mode of 2-stage thrombingeneration tests are performed with three alternative prime activators : (A) thrombokinase; (B) Russell’s viper venom (Stypven); (C) tissue thromboplastin (Simplastin), each with adequate cofactors. Study of effects of thrombin and factor V mixtures or preincubates shows a marked apparent potentiation in the 1-stage tests, but no real evidence of such in the 2-stage methods, although these are equally sensitive to changes in factor V activity. Cited (13) new observations in the 1-stage experiments record: (a) that no preincubation of thrombin and factor V is necessary; (b) that thrombin-treated factor V (= Vt) potentiates anew with a second thrombin addition ; and (c) that Vt + thrombin again shows a shift in the Sephadex G-200 elution pattern similar to the difference between the original V and Vt. These facts all constitute a convincing refutation of the theory that factor V is activated by thrombin to a postulated ‘Va’. What is obviously needed is a complete reinterpretation of the uniquely 1-stage results. A novel approach is based on testings of selective combinations of the 5 basic components (prothrombin, thrombokinase, Ca++, phospholipid, and factor V) required for thrombin generation by <1 ìg/ml thrombokinase. The results permit the conclusion that the true explanation is to be found in activities of the prime activator, especially thrombokinase, as controlled by availabilities of the 3 cofactors, namely, factor V, Ca++ions, and phospholipid. Factor V was previously shown to be a determinant of thrombokinase activity during thrombin generation. In no way should the evidence be misinterpreted as any V → Va activation. A new enzymic and colloidal clotting mechanism (12) is reaffirmed, in which factor V has a dual role.
Removal from Bovine Prothrombin of the Substrate for Russell’s Viper Venom
Authors: Milstone J. H , Oulianoff N 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBovine prothrombin was prepared by adsorption on barium sulfate. After elution, it was passed through thick filter-cakes of Standard Super-Cel, which removed some venom substrate (factor X). Almost all the remaining venom substrate was removed by repeated passage through columns of DEAE-cellulose. Finally, the ratio of venom substrate to prothrombin was considerably less than 1/1,000 that of plasma. The prothrombin was also poor in factor V. It yielded very little thrombin upon incubation with Russell’s viper venom, factor V, phospholipid and calcium chloride. However, inclusion of bovine plasma at a final dilution of 1/10,000 caused the mixture to produce thrombin rapidly. This system offers promise for the assay of venom substrate in plasma.Thrombokinase derived from bovine plasma was able, at 0.000071 mg/ml, to substitute for both the venom and its substrate in thrombin-producing systems. However, with this small amount of thrombokinase, phospholipid was indispensable. The system was sensitive to 0.00001 mg phospholipid/ml.With 1,000 times as much thrombokinase, prothrombin was activated without addition of accessory factors, in the presence of oxalate. Removal of venom substrate did not affect this response of prothrombin. Nor did removal of venom substrate from the prothrombin prevent its activation by crystallized trypsin in the presence of oxalate.
Studies on Tissue Thromboplastin - Its Splitting into Two Separable Parts
Authors: Hvatum M , Prydz H 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Sodium deoxycholate (DOC) splits tissue thromboplastin into two inactive parts, fraction A and fraction B, separable by gel filtration in the presence of DOC.2. By recombination and subsequent removal of the DOC, the fractions reaggregate and regain full thromboplastic activity.3. Fraction A consists mainly of protein, while phospholipid is the main constituent of fraction B.
Studies on Tissue Thromboplastin - Electron Micrography
Authors: Hvatum M , Hovig T , Prydz H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe ultrastructure of tissue thromboplastin from human brain, purified by sodium deoxycholate extraction and gel filtration, has been studied. A correlation is found between the reaggregation of solubilized thromboplastin, the reappearance of procoagulant activity, and the formation of concentric membraneous structures.Sodium deoxycholate splits tissue thromboplastin into two fractions, A and B. The ultrastructure of fraction B, which contains 80-90% phospholipid, has been studied.
The Venom of the Boomslang (Dispholidus Typus): In Vivo and in Vitro Studies
Authors: Mackay N , Ferguson J.C , Bagshawe Antonia , Forrester A.T.T , Mcnicol G.P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAn account is given of the effects of boomslang venom in man. Evidence was found of a fibrinolytic state apparently secondary to the coagulant action of the venom. These features rapidly responded to the administration of specific antivenom. In vitro studies, using a homogenate of boomslang parotids, confirmed the coagulant properties of the venom and showed them to be of much greater potency than the proteolytic actions.
Congenital Factor VII Deficiency Two Cases in Children of Cousins
Authors: Heikinheimo R , Reinikainen M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTwo siblings with factor VII deficiency are described, whose parents are cousins. The factor VII levels of the parents and 32 other family members were determined. The parents and 17 other relatives were found to be heterozygotes.One patient (Case No. 1) had a post-operative pulmonary embolism. During her pregnancies, the prothrombin time values did not change.
Circulating Anticoagulant (Antifactor VIII) Treated with Immunosuppressive Drugs
Authors: Sherman L. A , Goldstein M. A , Sise H. S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThree cases have been presented who had a circulating antifactor VIII anticoagulant developing spontaneously in non-hemophilic subjects. Following two short courses of azathioprine in one case there were transient incomplete remissions of a degree not seen in the previous 4 months of observation. In the other two cases complete remissions were observed within three weeks of beginning administration of 6-mercaptopurine. In one of these, a brief relapse was retreated successfully. In 4 other cases not given these drugs and in cases reported in the literature, such a rapid remission was not seen to occur spontaneously and happened only infrequently in cases given corticosteroids. On the basis of this experience, we suggest that in the treatment of antifactor VIII, if the disorder shows no improvement with conventional therapy (blood, factor VIII concentrates, and corticosteroids), a trial with immunosuppressive drugs is warranted.
Assay Methods and Standard Preparations for Plasmin, Plasminogen and Urokinase in Purified Systems, 1967-1968
Authors: Johnson A. J , Kline D. L , Alkjaersig Norma 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTo facilitate communication between investigators, the Committee on Thrombolytic Agents of the National Heart Institute suggests standardized reagents and assay methods for the measurement of standard preparations of plasmin, plasminogen, and urokinase with use of casein, fibrin and synthetic esters as substrates.