bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of vanadyl complexes and free radicals in asphaltenes fractions from electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Rodionov A , Mukhamatdinov I , Mamin G , Gafurov M , Orlinskii S , Salih I , Vakhin A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Structural characterization of asphaltenes in complex systems is in the focus of scientific and industrial interests since many years. Asphaltenes isolated from the high-viscous Ashal’cha oil (2500 mPa·s) were studied. Five asphaltene fractions were obtained by stepwise extraction with an alcohol-benzene solvent with different alcohol contents after precipitating the asphaltenes from the oil with hot isooctane. Redistribution of paramagnetic centers between the fractions of asphaltenes is revealed by electron paramagentic resonance (EPR) while no significant changes in EPR spectral parameters are found. The results can be used for tracking the asphatenes formation as well as following the changes of their supramolecular structure.
Study of catalytic activity of modified montmorillonitis sustainable in supercritical water
Authors: Petrov S , Ibragimva D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Currently, the world is intensively exploring the possibility of obtaining highly active catalysts for hydrothermal processing of high-viscosity oils through the synthesis of new carriers, optimization of the composition, structural parameters in order to increase the degree of conversion of high-molecular hydrocarbons. The work is devoted to the study of the composition and properties of a montmorillonite intercalated with γ-Al13O4(OH)24(OH2)11(OH)6
+ and containing catalytically active pillars agents γ-Al2O3 in the reactions of hydrothermal transformation of high-viscosity oils. Experiments conducted in a catalytic laboratory setup in a flow-down reactor with a stationary layer of pillared montmorillonite at a temperature above 450 °C and a pressure of not more than 0.5 MPa showed an increase in the conversion of high molecular weight n-alkanes 1.3 times, with the formation of low-boiling n-alkanes and alkanes branched structure.
Catalytic Conversion of Tatarstan Heavy Oil using Copper Based Catalysts at 250 °C
Authors: Suwaid M. , Varfolomeev M. , Almuntaser A. , Djimasbe R. , Khramov S. , Al-Rubaye A. , Khaziakhmetov L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this work, the in-situ upgrading of heavy oil from Tatarstan oilfield using steam and copper stearate as a catalyst at 250 °C and 35 bar for 24 hours was studied in stainless-steel reactor. Changes in the density/API gravity, viscosity, chemical composition (SARA-analysis), elemental composition and structure (FTIR-spectroscopy) of heavy oil before and after conversion were determined. Generally, we can summarize, that the content of resins and asphaltenes as well as the average molecular weight of heavy oil were reduced after conversion process. Whereas, amount of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons was increased due to the destruction of its high molecular weight components. Also, irreversible decrease of viscosity was fixed.
Effect of pressure, temperature and gas phase composition on the rheological properties of heavy crude oil
Authors: Akhmadiyarov A A , Petrov A A , Rakipov I T , Varfolomeev M A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Influence of pressure, temperature and the nature of gas on the viscosity of heavy crude oil from the Tatarstan field was studied using rheology method (rheometer MCR 302). The effect of temperature from 25 to 125 °C and pressure from 0.1 to 12.5 MPa on crude oil viscosity was investigated. It was found that an increase in temperature of 125 °C leads to a decrease of viscosity by 8 times. At the same time, an increase of pressure up to 10 MPa leads to an increase in viscosity by 38% at low temperatures. Also the influence of the nature of gas (nitrogen, argon and air) on the viscosity of crude oil at different temperatures and pressures was analyzed. It is shown that crude oil viscosities depend on gas composition. On the other hand, the influence of the composition of binary gas mixtures in a wide range of temperatures and pressures on the viscosity of heavy oil has been studied. The activation energies of flow are calculated for two types of gas mixture. It is shown that the gas phase at different ratios of the components does not significantly affect the rheological parameters of crude oil.
Construction of geological model of a shallow super-viscous oil deposit based on core analyses and geophysical monitoring data
Authors: Delev A N , Nurgaliev D K , Sidorov S V , Akhmadullin R R , Aslyamov N A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Deficiency of fossil minerals, limited reserves of conventional hydrocarbon raw materials indicates the need to involve in the fuel and energy complex of other sources of hydrocarbons. Fields of super-viscous oil are one of the sources. Development of super-viscous oil deposits opens new challenges in the field of building geological models associated with the shallow occurrence of these deposits. This article is devoted to the study of sediments of the Permian sedimentary complex containing super-viscous oil deposits. Study object is Sheshmian sandstone pack of the Ufimian stage. The pack is composed of sands and sandstones with different degree of carbonate cementation with small interlayers of siltstones. Cementation is the main factor which affect reservoir quality. In the process of analysis and preparation of the initial data and, subsequently, the geological model construction, the main features of the super-viscous oil deposits were revealed.
Features of the natural bitumen distribution in the Kazan deposits on the territory of the Melekess depression in Tatarstan
Authors: Mudarisova R A , Volkov Yu V , Valeeva S E , Fakhrutdinov E I 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article presents the distribution of natural bitumen in the sediments of the Kazan tier of the middle Permian. Natural bitumens, concentrated in the Permian sediments of the Republic of Tatarstan, occur at shallow depths and are heavy, highly viscous, hypergenically converted oils. In the tectonic relation, the area of maximum Kazan bitumen occurrence is confined to the Melekess depression and the adjacent slope of the South Tatar arch.
Lab rock core studies of the Ufimian horizon as a prior step to displacement experiments with steam
Authors: Idrisov I. , Rojas A. , Sagirov R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The author in this paper determined the coefficient of porosity from well log data and carried on a study of core samples using X-ray microtomography and traditional methods. A method was elaborated and later tested for measurement of porosity of samples taken from the production interval of shallow super viscous oil deposits of the Tatarstan’s Republic. Also determination of mineralogical composition and characteristics of the reservoir rock for application to future steam flooding experiments. On the basis of the data obtained, was concluded which of the methods gives the most reliable information on this of the reservoir rock under study.
The effect of temperature heating on the microstructure of the Domanik oil shale porous space
Authors: Kadyrov R , Statsenko E 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs the global supply of traditional oil shrinks, the energy industry invests heavily in the unconventional energy resources, such as oil shale. One of big potential resources of oil shale that locates on the territory of Volga-Ural Basin in the East of Russian plate is Domanik. Its increasing significance led to the necessity for deeper understanding of Domanik porous space structure. The main idea of this work is to establish the changing of pore structure during the heating. As result, increasing the porosity to 3 times as a result of heating of the oil shale was established. The distribution of heated to 350° C sample demonstrated decreasing the ratio of pores with sizes 1.5-5 µm and significant increasing the ratio of pores with sizes 5-10 µm. It means that main changing of pore structure during the heating happened with organic matter pores. The increasing of the volumes of pores with sizes 10-25 µm that could be connected with generation of elongated cracks along the shale lamination. The results opens new opportunities for evaluation of maturity of organic matter based on pore structure analysis.
Climate change, snow mold and the Bromus tectorum invasion: mixed evidence for release from cold weather pathogens
Authors: Smull Danielle M , Pendleton Nicole , Kleinhesselink Andrew R , Adler Peter B 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClimate change is reducing the depth and duration of winter snowpack, leading to dramatic changes in the soil environment with potentially important ecological consequences. Previous experiments in the Intermountain West of North America indicated that loss of snowpack increases survival and population growth rates of the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that reduced snowpack might promote B. tectorum population growth by decreasing damage from snow molds, a group of subnivean fungal pathogens. To test this hypothesis, we conducted greenhouse and field experiments to investigate the interaction between early snowmelt and either fungicide addition or snow mold infection of B. tectorum. The greenhouse experiment confirmed that the snow mold Microdochium nivale can cause mortality of B. tectorum seedlings. In the field experiment, early snowmelt and fungicide application both increased B. tectorum survival, but their effects did not interact, and snow mold inoculation had no effect on survival. We did find interactive effects of snowmelt and fungal treatments on B. tectorum seed production: with ambient snowpack, M. nivale inoculation reduced seed production and fungicide increased it, whereas in the early snowmelt treatment seed production was high regardless of fungal treatment. However, treatment effects on seed production did not translate directly to overall population growth, which did not respond to the snow melt by fungal treatment interaction. Based on our mixed results, the hypothesis that reduced snowpack may increase B. tectorum fitness by limiting the effects of plant pathogens deserves further investigation.
What Is the Ideal Instagram Filter?
Authors: Youn Anthony 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Social media, particularly Instagram, is becoming a prominent part of the plastic surgeon-patient relationship. Recent surveys are revealing a trend toward patients bringing filtered selfies to their plastic surgery consultation as a way to communicate expectations to their doctors. But which Instagram filters create a more flattering or youthful appearance, and why?

Objectives
This study set out to determine which Instagram filters create the “Most Flattering,” “Most Youthful,” “Least Flattering,” and “Least Youthful” appearances.

Methods
Standardized anterior view photos were taken of three Caucasian women: aged 38, 48, and 58 years. These photos were then altered using the color Instagram filters, randomly arranged and printed on photo paper. A questionnaire was created, asking respondents to determine which of the photos made each subject look “Most Flattering,” “Most Youthful,” “Least Flattering,” and “Least Youthful.”

Results
A total of 78 respondents participated in the study. The filters determined to be “Most Flattering” were, in order, Juno, Lark, and Sierra. The filters determined to be “Most Youthful” were Reyes, Rise, and Gingham. The filters voted “Least Flattering” were Hefe, X-Pro, and Slumber. “Least Youthful” filters were Perpetua, Crema, and Aden.

Conclusions
Instagram filters can be a very valuable way for patients to communicate their expectations with plastic surgeons. By studying why these filters are chosen by patients, we can better understand what results our patients are looking for.
Accuracy of protein-level disorder predictions
Authors: Katuwawala Akila , Oldfield Christopher J , Kurgan Lukasz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExperimental annotations of intrinsic disorder are available for 0.1% of 147 000 000 of currently sequenced proteins. Over 60 sequence-based disorder predictors were developed to help bridge this gap. Current benchmarks of these methods assess predictive performance on datasets of proteins; however, predictions are often interpreted for individual proteins. We demonstrate that the protein-level predictive performance varies substantially from the dataset-level benchmarks. Thus, we perform first-of-its-kind protein-level assessment for 13 popular disorder predictors using 6200 disorder-annotated proteins. We show that the protein-level distributions are substantially skewed toward high predictive quality while having long tails of poor predictions. Consequently, between 57% and 75% proteins secure higher predictive performance than the currently used dataset-level assessment suggests, but as many as 30% of proteins that are located in the long tails suffer low predictive performance. These proteins typically have relatively high amounts of disorder, in contrast to the mostly structured proteins that are predicted accurately by all 13 methods. Interestingly, each predictor provides the most accurate results for some number of proteins, while the best-performing at the dataset-level method is in fact the best for only about 30% of proteins. Moreover, the majority of proteins are predicted more accurately than the dataset-level performance of the most accurate tool by at least four disorder predictors. While these results suggests that disorder predictors outperform their current benchmark performance for the majority of proteins and that they complement each other, novel tools that accurately identify the hard-to-predict proteins and that make accurate predictions for these proteins are needed.
Flexible k-mers with variable-length indels for identifying binding sequences of protein dimers
Authors: Hong Chenyang , Yip Kevin Y 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Many DNA-binding proteins interact with partner proteins. Recently, based on the high-throughput consecutive affinity-purification systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (CAP-SELEX) method, many such protein pairs have been found to bind DNA with flexible spacing between their individual binding motifs. Most existing motif representations were not designed to capture such flexibly spaced regions. In order to computationally discover more co-binding events without prior knowledge about the identities of the co-binding proteins, a new representation is needed. We propose a new class of sequence patterns that flexibly model such variable regions and corresponding algorithms that identify co-bound sequences using these patterns. Based on both simulated and CAP-SELEX data, features derived from our sequence patterns lead to better classification performance than patterns that do not explicitly model the variable regions. We also show that even for standard ChIP-seq data, this new class of sequence patterns can help discover co-bound events in a subset of sequences in an unsupervised manner. The open-source software is available at https://github.com/kevingroup/glk-SVM.
Sex-biased dispersal patterns of a social passerine: complementary approaches and evidence for a role of spatial scale
Authors: Li Jianqiang , Lv Lei , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Yong , Hatchwell Ben J , Zhang Zhengwang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAnimal dispersal patterns have important implications for many biological processes, but the measurement of dispersal is challenging and often requires the use of complementary approaches. In this study, we investigated the local-scale sex-biased dispersal pattern in a social bird, the black-throated tit (Aegithalos concinnus), in central China. Spatial genetic autocorrelation analyses suggested that significant fine-scale genetic structure existed in males but not in females. Mark–recapture analyses of ringed individuals also showed that female offspring were more dispersive than male offspring, supporting genetic evidence of local female-biased dispersal. These results were contrary to a previous finding of male-biased long-distance dispersal in this species that was based on analyses of gene flow across the species range in China. This implies that the species might potentially have a scale-dependent dispersal strategy, with females frequently dispersing further than males at the local level, but with a proportion of males occasionally dispersing over long distances and contributing more to gene flow at a larger geographical scale. Long-distance dispersal by male black-throated tits might be induced by competition for resources or by unfavourable environmental conditions, warranting further investigation, but our findings increase the evidence that geographical scale is an important factor to be considered when investigating animal dispersal patterns.
Impact of procedural multimedia instructions for pH BRAVO testing on patient comprehension: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Moore M D , Gray K D , Panjwani S , Finnerty B , Ciecerega T , Afaneh C , Fahey T J , Crawford C V , Zarnegar R 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARY
The positive impact on patient comprehension and improved procedural outcomes when multimedia is utilized to convey instructions preprocedurally has been previously shown for gastrointestinal procedures such as colonoscopy. However, in gastroesophageal reflux testing (GERD), we continue to utilize verbal and written instructions to establish this diagnosis when we use BRAVO pH testing. This is arguably a more complex procedure involving stopping medications, placement of a device, and maintaining an accurate diary for the duration of the testing. We hypothesize that by utilizing multimedia to relay complex textual information, patients will have improved comprehension of periprocedural instructions thereby improving data entry and satisfaction of expectations during the procedure. Prospective randomized study of 120 patients undergoing endoscopic placement of the BRAVO pH monitoring capsule for evaluation of GERD receive either written preoperative instructions (control) or written plus video instructions (video group). A composite comprehension score was calculated using procedure-specific parameters of data entry over the 48-hour monitoring period. Patient satisfaction was evaluated on the basis of a five-point Likert scale. Extent of patient satisfaction was defined by the fulfillment of patient expectations. Exclusion criteria included patients who did not have access to the video or did not complete follow-up. Seventy-eight patients completed all follow-up evaluations. The video group (n = 44) had a significantly higher mean comprehension score when compared to the control group (n = 34) (9.6 ± 1.4 vs. 7.4 ± 2.0, P = 0.01). Overall satisfaction with instructions was significantly higher in the intervention group (91% vs. 47%, p 0.01). We detected no significant difference in comprehension or satisfaction scores in subgroup analyses of the video group comparing patients <65 and ≥65 years of age and by education level. Compared to standard written instructions, video instructions improved patient comprehension based on data evaluation, and satisfaction. Therefore, clinicians should consider incorporation of multimedia instructions to enhance patient periprocedural expectations and understanding of reflux pH testing using the BRAVO procedure.
Autonomous Schools and Strategic Pupil Exclusion
Authors: Machin Stephen , Sandi Matteo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article studies whether pupil performance gains in autonomous schools in England can be attributed to the strategic exclusion of poorly performing pupils. England has had two phases of academy school introduction—the first, in the 2000s, being a school improvement programme for poorly performing schools and the second a mass academisation programme from 2010 for better-performing schools. Overall, exclusion rates are higher in academies, with the earlier programme featuring much higher rates of exclusion. However, rather than functioning as a means of test score manipulation, the higher exclusion rate reflects the rigorous discipline enforced by the pre-2010 academies.
Fields of Practice: Symbolic Binding and the Qing Defense of Sinocentric Diplomacy
Authors: Banks David E 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe practice turn in IR offers new ways to understand how diplomats can creatively engage with their environment and one another. Yet, sometimes their diplomatic practices limit their ability to achieve agreements. This article focuses on how and why domestic practices conflict with international practices, and why states sometimes might feel constrained into engaging in practices that harm their international position. Drawing on field theory, I introduce a causal mechanism I call symbolic binding that explains why regimes may become so bound by their domestic practices of legitimation that they incur considerable international cost. Symbolic binding occurs when the symbolic practices needed to generate domestic legitimacy intersect and conflict with practices from the diplomatic field, when domestic audiences are observing the diplomatic interaction, and when regimes have limited access to alternative forms of political capital. I demonstrate the logic of this mechanism by analyzing the antagonistic diplomacy that occurred between Britain and China from the late eighteenth until the late nineteenth century. I show that the root of this diplomatic conflict can be linked to the incompatibility of both states’ diplomatic practices and show how the Qing regime's need to maintain domestic legitimacy constrained it into steadfastly adhering to diplomatic practices that were incompatible with that of encroaching European powers.
Nutritional support dependence after curative chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer: supplementary analysis of a phase II trial (JCOG0706S1)
Authors: Imamura Yoshinori , Kiyota Naomi , Ogawa Gakuto , Akimoto Tetsuo , Fujii Masato , Hanai Nobuhiro , Iwae Shigemichi , Monden Nobuya , Matsuura Kazuto , Onozawa Yusuke , Hayashi Ryuichi , Tahara Makoto ,   Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) Head and Neck Cancer Study Group, Minami Shujiro , Eba Junko 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the risk factors of laryngo-esophageal dysfunction-free survival and nutritional support dependence over 12 months in patients with unresectable locally advanced head and neck carcinomas who received chemoradiotherapy in a phase II trial of JCOG0706 (UMIN000001272).

Methods
Forty-five patients received radiation therapy for a total of 70 Gy/35fr concurrently with S-1 and cisplatin. Risk factors of laryngo-esophageal dysfunction-free survival and nutritional support dependence over 12 months were analyzed using Cox regression models and logistic regression models, respectively, with consideration to patient laboratory data just before chemoradiotherapy. Radiation fields were reviewed to analyze the relationship between the extent of the irradiated field and functional outcome.

Results
With a median follow-up period of 3.5 years, 3-year laryngo-esophageal dysfunction-free survival was 48.9%. For laryngo-esophageal dysfunction-free survival, hazards ratio of 2.35 in patients with nutritional support at registration (vs. without nutritional support; 95% confidence interval 0.96–5.76). For nutritional support dependence over 12 months, odds ratio was 6.77 in patients with hemoglobin less than the median of 13.4 g/dl (vs. higher than or equal to the median; 95% confidence interval 1.24–36.85) and was 6.00 in patients with albumin less than the median of 3.9 g/dl (vs. higher than or equal to the median; 95% confidence interval 1.11–32.54). Primary sites in disease-free patients with nutritional support dependence over 12 months were the oropharynx (N = 2) or hypopharynx (N = 1), and all pharyngeal constrictor muscles were included in irradiated fields with a curative dose.

Conclusions
This supplementary analysis showed that pretreatment severe dysphagia requiring nutritional support, anemia and hypoalbuminemia might have a negative prognostic impact on long-term functional outcomes after curative chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer.