bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between polymorphism of theBDNFgene and cigarette smoking in the Iranian population
Authors: Rajabi Abdolhalim , Khosravi Pedram , Motevalian Seyed Abbas , Farjam Mojtaba , Shojaei Azadeh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundCigarette smoking remains a serious public health problem. Environmental and genetic factors both play critical roles in the process of cigarette smoking. We aimed to investigate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in theBDNFgene and cigarette smoking in the Iranian population.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study. In total, 932 case and control subjects aged > 15 years were recruited in the present study in a simple random manner, including 523 lifetime cigarette smokers, 466 cigarette smokers within a 12‐month period, 409 never cigarette smokers in their lifetime and 466 never cigarette smokers within a 12‐month period. The rs6265 SNP genotypes were determined by a polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. To examine the association of smoking with theBDNFgene polymorphism, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age and sex.ResultsIn total, 932 participants (758 males and 174 females) were selected. Using a chi‐squared test, we found that rs6265 with OR = 1.41 and 95% CI = 1.07–1.87 (p = 0.009) and OR = 1.41 and 95% CI = 1.08–1.85 (p = 0.008) in theBNDFwas associated with an increased odds of lifetime cigarette smoking and cigarette smoking within a 12‐month period, respectively. Also, the allele “A” of rs6265 inBDNFhad a significant elevating effect for cigarette smoking in a recessive model (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results suggest that polymorphisms ofBDNFplay an important role in lifetime cigarette smoking and cigarette smoking within a 12‐month period of susceptibility in the Iranian population.
Progressive mechanical confinement of chemotactic neutrophils induces arrest, oscillations, and retrotaxis
Authors: Wang Xiao , Jodoin Emily , Jorgensen Julianne , Lee Jarone , Markmann James J , Cataltepe Sule , Irimia Daniel 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Neutrophils reach the sites of inflammation and infection in a timely manner by navigating efficiently through mechanically complex interstitial spaces, following the guidance of chemical gradients. However, our understanding of how neutrophils that follow chemical cues overcome mechanical obstacles in their path is restricted by the limitations of current experimental systems. Observations in vivo provide limited insights due to the complexity of the tissue environment. Here, we developed microfluidic devices to study the effect of progressive mechanical confinement on the migration patterns of human neutrophils toward chemical attractants. Using these devices, we identified four migration patterns: arrest, oscillation, retrotaxis, and persistent migration. The proportion of these migration patterns is different in patients receiving immunosuppressant treatments after kidney transplant, patients in critical care, and neonatal patients with infections and is distinct from that in healthy donors. The occurrence of these migration patterns is independent of the nuclear lobe number of the neutrophils and depends on the integrity of their cytoskeletal components. Our study highlights the important role of mechanical cues in moving neutrophils and suggests the mechanical constriction-induced migration patterns as potential markers for infection and inflammation.
Confined mechanical environment rivals chemical cues and alters the migratory behavior of neutrophils during chemotaxis.
Convolutional Neural Network Using a Breast MRI Tumor Dataset Can Predict Oncotype Dx Recurrence Score
Authors: Ha Richard , Chang Peter , Mutasa Simukayi , Karcich Jenika , Goodman Sarah , Blum Elyse , Kalinsky Kevin , Liu Michael Z. , Jambawalikar Sachin 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundOncotype Dx is a validated genetic analysis that provides a recurrence score (RS) to quantitatively predict outcomes in patients who meet the criteria of estrogen receptor positive / human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 negative (ER+/HER2–)/node negative invasive breast carcinoma. Although effective, the test is invasive and expensive, which has motivated this investigation to determine the potential role of radiomics.HypothesisWe hypothesized that convolutional neural network (CNN) can be used to predict Oncotype Dx RS using an MRI dataset.Study TypeInstitutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved retrospective study from January 2010 to June 2016.PopulationIn all, 134 patients with ER+/HER2– invasive ductal carcinoma who underwent both breast MRI and Oncotype Dx RS evaluation. Patients were classified into three groups: low risk (group 1, RS <18), intermediate risk (group 2, RS 18–30), and high risk (group 3, RS >30).Field Strength/Sequence1.5T and 3.0T. Breast MRI, T1 postcontrast.AssessmentEach breast tumor underwent 3D segmentation. In all, 1649 volumetric slices in 134 tumors (mean 12.3 slices/tumor) were evaluated. A CNN consisted of four convolutional layers and max‐pooling layers. Dropout at 50% was applied to the second to last fully connected layer to prevent overfitting. Three‐class prediction (group 1 vs. group 2 vs. group 3) and two‐class prediction (group 1 vs. group 2/3) models were performed.Statistical TestsA 5‐fold crossvalidation test was performed using 80% training and 20% testing. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) were evaluated.ResultsThe CNN achieved an overall accuracy of 81% (95% confidence interval [CI] ± 4%) in three‐class prediction with specificity 90% (95% CI ± 5%), sensitivity 60% (95% CI ± 6%), and the area under the ROC curve was 0.92 (SD, 0.01). The CNN achieved an overall accuracy of 84% (95% CI ± 5%) in two‐class prediction with specificity 81% (95% CI ± 4%), sensitivity 87% (95% CI ± 5%), and the area under the ROC curve was 0.92 (SD, 0.01).Data ConclusionIt is feasible for current deep CNN architecture to be trained to predict Oncotype DX RS.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:518–524.
Human pegivirus isolates characterized by deep sequencing from hepatitis C virus‐RNA and human immunodeficiency virus‐RNA–positive blood donations, France
Authors: Jordier François , Deligny Marie‐Laurence , Barré Romain , Robert Catherine , Galicher Vital , Uch Rathviro , Fournier Pierre‐Edouard , Raoult Didier , Biagini Philippe 
Published: August 2018

Human pegivirus (HPgV, formerly GBV‐C) is a member of the genus Pegivirus, family Flaviviridae. Despite its identification more than 20 years ago, both natural history and distribution of this viral group in human hosts remain under exploration. Analysis of HPgV genomes characterized up to now points out the scarcity of French pegivirus sequences in databases. To bring new data regarding HPgV genomic diversity, we investigated 16 French isolates obtained from hepatitis C virus‐RNA and human immunodeficiency virus‐RNA–positive blood donations following deep sequencing and coupled molecular protocols. Initial phylogenetic analysis of 5′‐untranslated region (5′‐UTR)/E2 partial sequences permitted to assign HPgV isolates to genotypes 2 (n = 15) and 1 (n = 1), with up to 16% genetic diversity observed for both regions considered. Seven nearly full‐length representative genomes were characterized subsequently, with complete polyprotein coding sequences exhibiting up to 13% genetic diversity; closest nucleotide (nt) divergence with available HPgV sequences was in the range 7% to 11%. A 36 nts deletion located on the NS4B coding region (N‐terminal part, 12 amino acids) of the genotype 1 HPgV genome characterized was identified, along with single nucleotide deletions in two genotype 2, 5′‐UTR sequences.
Effect of different CT scanners and settings on femoral failure loads calculated by finite element models
Authors: Eggermont Florieke , Derikx Loes C. , Free Jeffrey , van Leeuwen Ruud , van der Linden Yvette M. , Verdonschot Nico , Tanck Esther 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIn a multi‐center patient study, using different CT scanners, CT‐based finite element (FE) models are utilized to calculate failure loads of femora with metastases. Previous studies showed that using different CT scanners can result in different outcomes. This study aims to quantify the effects of (i) different CT scanners; (ii) different CT protocols with variations in slice thickness, field of view (FOV), and reconstruction kernel; and (iii) air between calibration phantom and patient, on Hounsfield Units (HU), bone mineral density (BMD), and FE failure load. Six cadaveric femora were scanned on four CT scanners. Scans were made with multiple CT protocols and with or without an air gap between the body model and calibration phantom. HU and calibrated BMD were determined in cortical and trabecular regions of interest. Non‐linear isotropic FE models were constructed to calculate failure load. Mean differences between CT scanners varied up to 7% in cortical HU, 6% in trabecular HU, 6% in cortical BMD, 12% in trabecular BMD, and 17% in failure load. Changes in slice thickness and FOV had little effect (≤4%), while reconstruction kernels had a larger effect on HU (16%), BMD (17%), and failure load (9%). Air between the body model and calibration phantom slightly decreased the HU, BMD, and failure loads (≤8%). In conclusion, this study showed that quantitative analysis of CT images acquired with different CT scanners, and particularly reconstruction kernels, can induce relatively large differences in HU, BMD, and failure loads. Additionally, if possible, air artifacts should be avoided. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:2288–2295, 2018.
Comparison between in vitro and in vivo cartilage overloading studies based on a systematic literature review
Authors: Nickien Mieke , Heuijerjans Ashley , Ito Keita , van Donkelaar Corrinus C. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTMethodological differences between in vitro and in vivo studies on cartilage overloading complicate the comparison of outcomes. The rationale of the current review was to (i) identify consistencies and inconsistencies between in vitro and in vivo studies on mechanically‐induced structural damage in articular cartilage, such that variables worth interesting to further explore using either one of these approaches can be identified; and (ii) suggest how the methodologies of both approaches may be adjusted to facilitate easier comparison and therewith stimulate translation of results between in vivo and in vitro studies. This study is anticipated to enhance our understanding of the development of osteoarthritis, and to reduce the number of in vivo studies. Generally, results of in vitro and in vivo studies are not contradicting. Both show subchondral bone damage and intact cartilage above a threshold value of impact energy. At lower loading rates, excessive loads may cause cartilage fissuring, decreased cell viability, collagen network de‐structuring, decreased GAG content, an overall damage increase over time, and low ability to recover. This encourages further improvement of in vitro systems, to replace, reduce, and/or refine in vivo studies. However, differences in experimental set up and analyses complicate comparison of results. Ways to bridge the gap include (i) bringing in vitro set‐ups closer to in vivo, for example, by aligning loading protocols and overlapping experimental timeframes; (ii) synchronizing analytical methods; and (iii) using computational models to translate conclusions from in vitro results to the in vivo environment and vice versa. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:2076–2086, 2018.
Lower risk of fractures under methylphenidate treatment for ADHD: A dose–response effect
Authors: Schermann Haggai , Gurel Ron , Ankory Ran , Kadar Assaf , Yoffe Victoria , Snir Nimrod , Sternheim Amir , Karakis Isabella 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTMethylphenidate (MP), a widely used and abused stimulant medication for ADHD, negatively affects bone mass. However, previous epidemiological studies demonstrated that MP is not associated with increased incidence of fractures in children, and may even have a protective effect due to behavior modification. This study aimed to investigate the association between MP and fracture risk in a retrospective cohort of healthy military recruits, aged 18–25, with at least 1 year of service between 2008 and 2017. Subjects were divided into five groups: subjects without ADHD; untreated subjects with ADHD; and subjects with ADHD and prescriptions of 1–90, 91–180, or 181+ tablets during the study period. The primary outcome was at least one fracture diagnosis during the study. Among 682,110 subjects (409,175 men [60%]), 50,999 (7.5%) had fractures. MP was used by 1,681 (0.4%) men and 2.828 (1%) women. The fracture rates in the no ADHD, untreated ADHD, ADHD 0–90, ADHD 91–180, and ADHD 181+ groups were 10.4%, 16.4%, 8.7%, 4.8% and 5.8% in men, and 3.6%, 7.1%, 4.6%, 4.4% and 3% in women, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed an inverse dose–response association between MP and fractures in men (p < 0.001). In women, untreated ADHD was associated with a significantly higher fracture risk, compared to healthy controls (OR = 1.82, p < 0.001). The study confirms previous literature and demonstrates an inverse dose–response association between MP and fracture risk in men. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3328–3333, 2018.
Effects of high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit combination in common wheat on the quality of crumb structure
Authors: Jiang Peihong , Xue Jiesheng , Duan Luning , Gu Yunsong , Mu Junyi , Han Shichen , Chen Lin , Li Yaxuan , Ma Wujun , Yan Yueming , Li Xiaohui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GSs) have important effects on bread‐making quality. Allelic variations of HMW‐GS in bread wheat varieties contribute in different ways to dough properties and bread volume. However, no systematic analysis has been done on the effects of allelic variation on bread‐crumb structure, an important parameter when evaluating bread‐making quality. In this study, seven Glu‐1 deletion lines and one intact line harboring different encoding loci and derived from a cross between two spring wheat cultivars were used to investigate the contribution of a single Glu‐1 locus, or combination of Glu‐1 loci, to the crumb structure.RESULTSDeletion of HMW‐GS locus combinations resulted in a decline in slice size, brightness, and fineness of the bread crumb. A desirable crumb structure correlated well with preferred subunit combinations: high levels of GMPs, superior dough properties, and loaf volume. The effects of the HMW‐GS combinations were ranked as Dx5 + Dy10 > Bx17 + By18 > Ax1 + Null. The Ax1 + Null allele affected the crumb structure by interacting with the Bx17 + By18 or Dx5 + Dy10.CONCLUSIONHigh‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits had significant effects on the loaf volume and crumb structure; varying effects from different subunit combinations were observed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of preharvest fruit bagging on fruit quality characteristics and incidence of fruit physiopathies in fully irrigated and water stressed pomegranate trees
Authors: Griñán Isabel , Morales Donaldo , Galindo Alejandro , Torrecillas Arturo , Pérez‐López David , Moriana Alfonso , Collado‐González Jacinta , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A , Hernández Francisca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis report studied the response of pomegranate fruit under full irrigation (FI) and water stress conditions to bagging with externally glossy, single‐layer, cellulosic paper bags, open at the bottom, from the end of fruit thinning to harvest time.ResultsBagging decreased fruit size and the maturity index, and increased antioxidant activity in FI conditions. Moreover, fruit bagging substantially reduced the incidence of peel sunburn in both irrigation conditions.ConclusionThe delay in fruit growth and ripening as a result of pomegranate fruit bagging is outweighed by the very important commercial benefit in terms of the reduced incidence of peel sunburn and the increase in fruit antioxidant activity. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Fewer blue lakes and more murky lakes across the continental U.S.: Implications for planktonic food webs
Authors: Leech Dina M. , Pollard Amina I. , Labou Stephanie G. , Hampton Stephanie E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElevated allochthonous inputs of organic matter are increasingly recognized as a driver of ecosystem change in lakes, particularly when concurrent with eutrophication. Evaluation of lakes in a nutrient‐color paradigm (i.e., based on total phosphorus and true color) enables a more robust approach to research and management. To assess temporal and spatial patterns in nutrient‐color status for U.S. lakes and associated food web attributes, we analyzed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Lakes Assessment (NLA) data. With 1000+ lakes sampled in 2007 and 2012 in a stratified random sampling design, the NLA enables rigorous assessment of lake condition across the continental U.S. We demonstrate that many U.S. lakes are simultaneously experiencing eutrophication and brownification to produce an abundance of “murky” lakes. Overall, “blue” lakes decreased by ~ 18% (46% of lakes in 2007 to 28% in 2012) while “murky” lakes increased by almost 12% (24% of lakes in 2007 to 35.4% in 2012). No statistical differences were observed in the proportions of “green” or “brown” lakes. Regionally, murky lakes significantly increased in the Northern Appalachian, Southern Plains, and Xeric ecoregions. Murky lakes exhibited the highest epilimnetic chlorophyll a concentrations, cyanobacterial densities, and microcystin concentrations. Total zooplankton biomass was also highest in murky lakes, primarily due to increased rotifer and copepod biomass. However, zooplankton : phytoplankton biomass ratios were low, suggesting reduced energy transfer to higher trophic levels. These results emphasize that many lakes in the U.S. are simultaneously “greening” and “browning”, with potentially negative consequences for water quality and food web structure.
Singular Hamiltonian elliptic systems with critical exponential growth in dimension two
Authors: Monari Soares Sergio H. , Santaria Leuyacc Yony R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe will focus on the existence of nontrivial solutions to the following Hamiltonian elliptic system
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201700215:mana201700215-math-0001where are numbers belonging to the interval [0, 2), V is a continuous potential bounded below on by a positive constant and the functions f and g possess exponential growth range established by Trudinger–Moser inequalities in Lorentz–Sobolev spaces. The proof involves linking theorem and a finite‐dimensional approximation.
Explicit uniform bounds on integrals of Bessel functions and trace theorems for Fourier transforms
Authors: Kalf Hubert , Okaji Takashi , Yamada Osanobu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExplicit and partly sharp estimates are given of integrals over the square of Bessel functions with an integrable weight which can be singular at the origin. They are uniform with respect to the order of the Bessel functions and provide explicit bounds for some smoothing estimates as well as for the L2 restrictions of Fourier transforms onto spheres in which are independent of the radius of the sphere. For more special weights these restrictions are shown to be Hölder continuous with a Hölder constant having this independence as well. To illustrate the use of these results a uniform resolvent estimate of the free Dirac operator with mass in dimensions is derived.
Cinnamyl Isobutyrate Decreases Plasma Glucose Levels and Total Energy Intake from a Standardized Breakfast: A Randomized, Crossover Intervention
Authors: Hochkogler Christina M. , Hoi Julia K. , Lieder Barbara , Müller Nicole , Hans Joachim , Widder Sabine , Ley Jakob P. , Somoza Veronika 
Published: August 2018

ScopeCinnamon is associated with anti‐obesity effects, regulating food intake, improving plasma glucose levels and lipid profiles in vivo. In the present study, the impact of cinnamyl isobutyrate (CIB), one constituent of cinnamon, on ad libitum food intake from a standardized breakfast and outcome measures of hormonal regulation of appetite were investigated.Methods and resultsIn this randomized, short‐term crossover intervention study, a 75 g per 300 mL glucose solution solely (control) or supplemented with 0.45 mg CIB was administered to 26 healthy volunteers. Prior to and 2 h after receiving control or CIB treatment, subjective hunger perceptions were rated using a visual analog scale. Food intake from a standardized breakfast was assessed 2 h after treatments. Plasma peptide YY3–36, glucagon‐like‐peptide1, ghrelin, and serotonin as well as plasma glucose and insulin were measured in blood samples drawn at fasting and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after treatment. CIB administration decreased total energy intake and delta area under curve plasma glucose by 4.64 ± 3.51% and 49.3 ± 18.5% compared to control treatment, respectively.ConclusionsCIB, administered at a 0.45 mg bolus in 75 g glucose–water solution, decreased ad libitum energy intake from a standardized breakfast and postprandial plasma glucose levels.