bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CATALYTIC PERFORMANCES OF Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/TS-1 CATALYST IN PHENOL HYDROXYLATION REACTION
Authors: Prasetyoko Didik , Royani Cholifah Endah , Fansuri Hamzah , Ramli Zainab , Nur Hadi 
Published: January 2019

Hydroxylation reaction of phenol into diphenol, such as hydroquinone and catechol, has a great role in many industrial applications. Phenol hydroxylation reaction can be carried out using Titanium Silicalite-1 (TS-1) as catalyst and H2O2 as an oxidant. TS-1 catalyst shows high activity and selectivity for phenol hydroxylation reaction. However, its hydrophobic sites lead to slow H2O2 adsorption toward the active site of TS-1. Consequently, the reaction rate of phenol hydroxylation reaction is tends to be low. Addition of metal oxide Fe2O3 enhanced hydrophilicity of TS-1 catalyst. Liquid phase catalytic phenol hydroxylation using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant was carried out over iron (III) oxide-modified TS-1 catalyst (Fe2O3/TS-1), that were prepared by impregnation method using iron (III) nitrate as precursor and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, pyridine adsorption, and hydrophilicity techniques. Catalysts 1Fe2O3/TS-1 showed maximum catalytic activity of hydroquinone product. In this research, the increase of hydroquinone formation rate is due to the higher hydrophilicity of Fe2O3/TS-1 catalysts compare to the parent catalyst, TS-1. Keywords: Fe2O3/TS-1, hydrophilic site, phenol hydroxylation
CYCLISATION-ACETYLATION KINETIC OF (<i>R</i>)-(+)-CITRONELLAL BY Zn<sup>2+</sup>–NATURAL ZEOLITE AS SOLID SOLVENT CATALYST
Authors: Cahyono Edy , Muchalal Muchalal , Triyono Triyono , Pranowo Harno Dwi 
Published: January 2019

Kinetic in cyclisation-acetylation of (R)-(+)-citronellal with acetic anhydride was investigated over Zn2+-Natural zeolite (Zn2+-Natzeo) as a catalyst. (R)-(+)-citronellal has been isolated from citronella oil by fractional distillation under reducing pressure. Enantioselective capillary GC on a Supelco β-DEX 225 column has been used for analysis the enantiomers ratio of citronellal. Catalyst Zn2+-Natzeo has prepared through acid activation of natural zeolite from Malang using HF 1% and HCl 6 M, followed by ion-exchange with 3 M NH4Cl and calcination at 450 °C for 1 h under nitrogen to obtained H-natural zeolite (H-Natzeo). H-Natzeo was modified to Zn2+-Natzeo by ion exchange with 0.1 M ZnCl2. Cyclisation-acetylation reaction was carried out by heating (R)-(+)-citronellal (CIT), acetic anhydride (AA), and 1 g catalyst in glass batch reactor with vigorous stirring at 80 °C. Molar ratio CIT/AA that used, i.e. 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 1.2 and 1.5. As the reaction proceeded, 1 mL sample was taken off at 10; 20; 30; 60; 120; 180 min and extracted using n-hexane for every molar ratio. Structure analysis of product was conducted by GC-MS. Kinetic of the cyclisation-acetylation reaction was analyzed according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Increasing molar ratio of CIT/AA will decrease the isopulegyl acetate (IPA) and neo-isopulegyl acetate (NIPA) formation. Rate constant of cyclisation-acetylation reaction catalyzed by Zn2+-Natzeo was 30.964-47.619 mmol(min. g cat)-1 at 80 °C, 30 min and the ratio adsorption equilibrium constant KCIT/KAA was 7.09. Keywords: Cyclisation-acetylation, (R)-(+)-citronellal, Zn2+-natural zeolite, kinetic
STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF ALKALOIDS FROM LEAVES OF <i>Voacanga foetida</i> (Bl.) Rolfe OF LOMBOK ISLAND
Authors: Hadi Surya , Asnawati Dina , Febrianti Novi 
Published: January 2019

The leaves of Voacanga foetida (Bl.) Rolfe, have been used ethnomedically for the treatment of wounds, itches, and swellings particularly in Lombok island. A phytochemical study has been done to investigate chemical compounds responsible against the cause of the diseases. By separating alkaloidal fraction from the leaves was found voacristine 1 as the major alkaloidal compound, and voacangine 2 and coronaridine 3 as the minor components. The structure elucidation of the compounds was carried out on the basis of spectroscopy data. A structure revision of voacristine 1 was also reported. Keywords: alkaloids, Voacanga foetida, Lombok
CYCLIZATION AND HYDROGENATION OF (+)-CITRONELLAL TO MENTHOLS OVER ZnBr<sub>2</sub> AND Ni CATALYSTS SUPPORTED ON γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
Authors: Iftitah Elvina Dhiaul , Muchalal M. , Trisunaryanti Wega , Armunanto Ria 
Published: January 2019

Two steps transformation of (+)-citronellal, cyclization and hydrogenation, on ZnBr2/γ-Al2O3 and Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst have been realized with the selectivity to cyclization products (isopulegols) was very high (yield up to ~92.58%) over ZnBr2/γ-Al2O3 under mild condition (90 °C and 1 atm nitrogen atmosphere) with high Brønsted acid concentration, while at the same time very low cyclization rates were achieved over Ni/γ-Al2O3 with low or no Brønsted acidity, respectively. The highest cyclization rates were observed over Ni/ZnBr2/γ-Al2O3 under mild condition (90 °C and 1 atm hydrogen atmosphere). The second step transformation towards cyclization products, hydrogenation to menthols, was performed with Ni/γ-Al2O3 under hydrogen atmosphere. Surprisingly the one-step transformation of (+)-citronellal into menthols was investigated over Ni/γ-Al2O3 with yield ~84% under hydrogen atmosphere (90 °C, 1 atm) by exploiting the presence of acidic and hydrogenation sites on the catalyst surface. On the Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst it was found that the cyclization of (+)-citronellal to isopulegols occurs on the surface of the support. In the presence of the noble metal, the isopulegols are further hydrogenated to the menthols. Keywords: cyclization, hydrogenation, citronellal, isopulegol, menthol
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CROSSLINKED POLYACRYLAMIDE (PAAM)-CARRAGEENAN HYDROGELS SUPERBASORBENT PREPARED BY GAMMA RADIATION
Authors: Erizal Erizal 
Published: January 2019

A series of superabsorbent hydrogels were prepared from acrylamide and carrageenan by gamma irradiation at room temperature. Carrageenan solutions with different concentration (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%) have been blended with 5% of acrylamide and irradiated at doses 20-40 kGy. The properties of the prepared hydrogel were evaluated in terms of the gel fraction and the kinetics swelling was studied. It was found that the incorporation only 2% carrageenan (kappa) with 5% acrylamide can produces an elastic hydrogel when irradiated with gamma rays up to 40 kGy. Under optimum conditions, poly(acrylamide)-carrageenan hydrogels with gel fraction ~ 60% and optimum swelling 250 g/g were prepared gamma radiolyticcally from aqueous solution containing 5% acrylamide and 2% carrageenan at the doses 20-40 kGy. The FT-IR spectra indicated that network of irradiated PAAM-carrageenan hydrogel was in the semi IPN structure. The hydrogels were also found to be sensitive to ionic strength of the medium, pH and temperature. Keywords: carrageenan, acrylamide, irradiation, superbasorbent, crosslinking
INFLUENCE OF CYANIDE ON REMOVAL OF COPPER ION FROM THE SOLUTION BY PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION METHOD WITH TiO<sub>2</sub> SUSPENSION
Authors: Wahyuni Endang Tri , Mudasir Mudasir , Gusman Tania Avia 
Published: January 2019

The removal of Cu(II) by photoreduction method using TiO2 photocatalyst in the presence of CN- is reported. Photoreduction was carried by batch technique using UV lamp with 290-350 nm of wavelength. The research results indicate that the present of CN- ion gives different effects on the photoreduction effectiveness depends on the mole ratio of both ions. The addition of CN- less than 2 moles for each mole of Cu (II) ion can improve the photoreduction, and the photoreduction sharply goes down into very low degree when the mole number of CN- is increased up to 4, and by further enlarging the mole number into 6, the photoreduction degree remains constant. Furthermore, increasing solution pH generally leads to a decrease in the photoreduction. In the solution with pH 1, the maximal photoreduction degree is reached, while increasing pH from 1 to 9 has declined the photoreduction, and the photoreduction is totally inhibited at pH higher than 9. The effect of the solution pH is related with the speciation of Cu (II), CN- and TiO2 in the solution. Keywords: Photoreduction, copper, cyanide, TiO2 photocatalyst
ISOTOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC MATERIALS LEACHED FROM LEAVES IN WATER OF MUNDARING WEIR DAM
Authors: Langsa Markus Heryanto 
Published: January 2019

This study examined the organic constituents aquatically leached from leaf components of two tree species (wandoo eucalyptus and pinus radiate). In particular this study aimed to assess the stable isotope composition behaviour of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the residue leaves after leaching over five months. The changes in the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of the leached leaves materials were investigated using an elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-irMS). The stable isotope compositions were found to vary according to microbially-mediated alteration and decomposition. The average d13C content of the raw plant elements was consistent with the d13C values of terrestrial plants using a C3 photosynthetic pathway. The isotope compositions of leached materials of wandoo eucalyptus fresh leaf were continually depleted in d13C over the leaching period of three months. These variations correlated well with its DOC profile. Changes in d13C values may also relate to the differential leaching of the macromolecular precursors of the original material. Lignin, for example, has a typically low d13C and probably contributed to the decrease of d13C in residue of the plant materials. Keywords: isotope composition, leached materials, C3 plant
ADSORPTION KINETICS OF Pb(II), Cd(II) AND Cr(III) ON ADSORBENT PRODUCED BY PROTECTED-CROSSLINKING OF HUMIC ACID-CHITOSAN
Authors: Umaningrum Dewi , Santoso Uripto Trisno , Nurmasari Radna , Yunus Rahmat 
Published: January 2019

Study on adsorption kinetics of of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) on adsorbent which was produced by protected-crosslinking of humic acid-chitosan has been done. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood, pseudo first- and second-order kinetics models were used to describe the kinetic data, and the rate constants of adsorption were also evaluated. The experimental data fitted well the second-order kinetics model, indicating that the chemical sorption is the rate-limiting step, instead of mass transfer. The initial metal ion concentration significantly affects the adsorption rate. An increase in initial metal ion concentration results in the decrease in adsorption rate of the metals. Keywords: kinetics, adsorption, crosslinking, humic acid, chitosan
ADSORPTION OF AN NH<sub>3</sub> MOLECULE ON Cr(111) SURFACE BY QCMP 116 PROGRAM
Authors: Banon Charles 
Published: January 2019

Interactions of an NH3 molecule on chromium (111) surface consists of 20 atoms with three layers has been studied by QCMP 116 (Calzaferri) program, run on IBM PC compatible (Pentium III, 660 MHz). An oncoming NH3 (with the planar molecular plane parallel or perpendicular to surface), at many positions, was optimized three dimensionally by that program. Observing the binding energy of an NH3 on surface (BE (NH3)) and inter atomic distances at the optimized conditions. It's showed that: an oncoming NH3 molecule, with molecular plane parallel to the surface, N atom was oriented to atoms of the first and third layer. One of its NH bond was parallel to the Cr-Cr bond were chemisorbed molecularly with BE(NH3) in range of 0.9797-1.3421 eV/molecule. On the second layer was chemisorbed atomically. However, an oncoming NH3 with molecular plane perpendicular to the surface (with N atom and one of its N-H bond perpendicular to Cr atom) was adsorbed physically with BE(NH3) in a range of 0.4903-0.5614 eV/molecule. Keywords: adsorption, binding energy
PILLARIZATION OF LAYERED TETRATITANATES ANION BY ZIRCONIUM(IV) POLYCATION SPECIES
Authors: Sutrisno Hari , Siswani Endang Dwi 
Published: January 2019

Pillaring layered tetratitanates anion by zirkonium(IV) polycation species has been realized by three steps: 1). cation-exchange of potasium tetratitanates, 2). intercalation of n-butylamine compound in layered hydrogen tetratitanates and 3). intercalation of zirconium(IV) polycation species by mixing butylamine-intercalated tetratitanates with an aqueous solution of ZrOCl2.8H2O at pH various: 0.1, 0.9 and 1.8. The procedure was carried out by Chimie Douce method. The structures of titanates and the products which had undergone H+ exchange and intercalated by n-butylamine and zirkonium(IV) polycation spesies were investigated by X-rays Diffractometer (XRD) and X-rays Fluorescence (XRF). It was found in the research that [Zr(H2O)8]4+, [Zr(OH)(H2O)7]3+ or [Zr(OH)2(H2O)6]2+ types have presented in the interlayer of the products. At pH = 0.1 and 0.9, [Zr(OH)(H2O)7]3+ type was pillared more dominated in layered tetratitanates than [Zr(H2O)8]4+ type. At pH 1.8, it was signaled that [Zr(OH)(H2O)7]3+ and [Zr(OH)2(H2O)6]2+ types intercalated in layered tetratitanates. Keywords: tetratitanates, intercalation, zirconium(IV) species, Chimie Douce
PREVENTION OF PROTEIN ADSORPTION ON BARE FUSED-SILICA CAPILLARY BY PEG IN CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: Suratman Adhitasari , Waetzig Hermann 
Published: January 2019

The protein separation was studied in capillary zone electrophoresis for preventing protein adsorption on the capillary wall. ß-lactoglobulin (pI: 4.83-5.4, Mr: 18.4 kDa), cytochrome c (pI: 9.59, Mr: 11.7 kDa) and ß-casein (pI: 4.6, Mr: 24 kDa) were used as protein models. Strong adsorption of the proteins occurred onto the capillary at a pH around their pIs. In order to prevent protein adsorption, PEG (Poly(ethylene glycol)) was investigated as an effective substance to stabilize the proteins native state and coat the bare fused-silica capillary surface. The presence of 32 mg/mL PEG in buffer solution in a pH range of 6.0 to 4.0 was successful to suppress protein adsorption during the separation. It can also be confirmed with the reproducibility of apparent EOF mobility with percentile RSD (Relative Standard Deviation) less than 2% in long-term measurement. Keywords: PEG, protein adsorption, CZE
SYNTHESIS OF SURFACTANS DILAUROYL MALTOSE THROUGH ACETILATION REACTION OF MALTOSE FOLLOWED BY TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION WITH METHYL LAURATE
Authors: Tarigan Daniel 
Published: January 2019

Maltose has been partially acetylated from the reaction of melted maltose and acetic anhydride without solvent and catalyst to produce maltocyl acetate with the yield of 67%. Lauryc acid can be methanolized using H2SO4 as the catalyst to produce methyl laurate with the yield of 92%. The transesterification of methyl laurate and maltocyl acetate in methanol using sodium methoxyde as the catalyst at reflux, yielded a novel compound dilauroyl maltose after isolated by column chromatography, with the yield of 59%. Methyl laurate, maltocyl acetate, and dilauroyl maltose were confirmed by FT-IR and 'H-NMR spectroscopy, and the surface tension of dilauroyl maltose solution was determined by Du-Nuoy tensiometer to obtain the HLB value of 2.67. Keywords: Surfactant Transesterification, Maltose
THE APPLICABILITY OF THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TERMOTOGA MARITIMA 4--GLUCANOTRANSFERASE AS THE TEMPLATE FOR SULOCHRIN AS -GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS
Authors: Dewi Rizna Triana , Anita Yulia , Istyastono Enade Perdana , Darmawan Akhmad , Hanafi Muhamad 
Published: January 2019

Interaction of sulochrin to active site of glucosidase enzyme of Termotoga maritime has been studied by employing docking method using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), in comparison with those are reports of established inhibitor α-glucosidase such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose, and salicinol, as reference compounds. The crystal structure T. maritima α-glucanotransferase (PDB code: 1LWJ) can be employed to serve as the template in the virtual screening of S. cerevisiae α-glucosidase. The comparison between the binding pocket residues of Thermotoga maritima α-glucanotransferase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase show a high sequence identity and similarity. The result showed that sulochrin could be located in the binding pocket and formed some interactions with the binding residues. The ligands showed proper predicted binding energy (-6.74 - -4.13 kcal/mol) and predicted Ki values (0.011 - 0.939 mM). Sulochrin has a possibility to serve as a lead compound in the development of new α-glucosidase inhibitor. Keywords: Docking, sulochrin, α-glucosidase Inhibitor, Thermotoga maritime α-glucotransferase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase, MOE
THE PORIFERASTA COMPOUND-5,22E,25-TRIEN-3-Oβ FROM Clerodendrum paniculatum LEAF AS INDUCER AGENT OF SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE ON RED CHILLI PLANT Capsicum annuum L FROM CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS (CMV
Authors: Musa Weny , Hersanti Hersanti , Zainuddin Achmad , Tjokronegoro Roekmi-ati 
Published: January 2019

The poriferasta-5.22E.25-trien-3β-ol compound of leaves of this plant Clerodendrum paniculatum has activity as an inducer agent of plant systemic resistance of red plant toward Cucumber Mosaic Viruses (CMV), the inhibition activity compound shows 82% inhibition activity at 300 ppm. The structure of these compound were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data including UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and 2D-NMR Keywords: Poriferasta-5.22E.25-trien-3β-ol, Clerodendrum paniculatum, induction of systemic resistance, CMV
FTIR AND NMR STUDIES OF ADSORBED TRITON X-114 IN MCM-41 MATERIALS
Authors: Taba Paulina 
Published: January 2019

One source of water pollutions is caused by the high use of surface-active agents (surfactants) by industries and households. As a consequence, it is required to remove such substances from the environment One of the important and widely used methods for removal of substances from solution is adsorption. In this research, MCM-41 and its modification MCM41-TMCS were used to adsorb nonionic surfactant, Triton X-114. FTIR and NMR methods were used to study the interaction between the surfactants and the adsorbents. MCM-41 was synthesized hydrothermally at 100 oC and its modification was conducted by silylation of MCM-41 with trimethylchloro silane (MCM41-TMCS). Both unmodified and modified MCM-41 can adsorb the surfactant. The amount adsorbed in the unmodified material is higher than that in the modified one. The interaction of Triton X-114 with MCM-41 was hydrogen bonding between the silanol groups in MCM-41 and hydroxyl groups of Triton X-114. For modified samples, Triton X-114 interacted with alkylsilyl groups mostly through hydrophobic interaction. It is more likely that the interaction was through C12, C13, C26 and C27 of Triton X-114. Keywords: FTIR, NMR, adsorbed Triton X-114, MCM-41 materials
DISTRIBUTION OF URANIUM IN WATER OF GRESIK COASTAL WATERS
Authors: Mellawati June 
Published: January 2019

Determination of uranium in water sample at Gresik coastal waters around Gresik industrial area have been carrid out. The purpose of research is to find the distribution of uranium at the coastal where the phosphate industry standing and potencially to contribute uranium pollutant to the waters. The measurement of uranium was pasive of Gamma Spectrometry, and uranium was measured as 234Th (uranium daughters) on 92.80 and 1001.03 keV gamma energies. Sea water sample was taken up by water pump sampler as a vertical mixing. The sample was sampling on the highest tide and lowest ebb, at the east season (March-August) west season (September-February). The concentration of 238U on higher tide of the west season are range between 0.0016-0.0128 Bq/l, while on lowest ebb of the east season are 0,0013-0,0877 Bq/l. There was significantly different (α= 5%) of uranium concentration in water between two seasons (east and west) in tide and ebb respectively. According to Quality Standard from Dirjen BATAN No.293/Dj/VII/1995 (radioactivity on environment), the concentration of 238U in water obtained from coastal around phosphate industry are still lower than that of recomended values (10.000 Bq/l). Keywords: uranium, sea water, coastal of Gresik
THE VALIDITY OF FNAA AND AAS METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF Cu AND Fe ELEMENTS IN BIOTA SAMPLES
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Samin Samin , Supriyanto C. 
Published: January 2019

The validity test of Fast Neutron Activation Analysis (FNAA) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) method for analysis of Cu and Fe elements in biota samples has been done. The validity test was represented by the validation test, homogenous test, Z-score test, t test and F test for both methods. The respective validity test results for Cu and Fe elements show that the FNAA precision test were 2.28% and 2.96% while the accuracy were 98.07% and 98.55%, and the precision of AAS validation test results were 1.72% and 2.29% and the accuracy were 98.50% and 98.35%. The uncertainty results for Cu and Fe by FNAA were 2.74% and 3.42%, while AAS were 2.98% and 3.73%. The limit of detection for both methods of Cu and Fe were 1.05 µg/g and 1.35 µg/g, while AAS were 0.05 µg/g and 0.904 µg/g, and the value of Z-score in the range ≥-2 and ≤+2 for both methods. In this case the precision, accuracy, uncertainty, limit of detection and value Z-score on both methods are valid or property to be applied for element analysis. After FNAA and AAS methods were validated then were applied for determining of element contents in biota samples. From the homogenous test result was found that the samples of biota is homogeny, while t test shows that there is no significant difference in average concentration, F test of both methods shows that there is no difference in accuracy. Keywords: The validity test, FNAA and AAS, Cu and Fe, biota samples
ANTI-MALARIAL COMPOUND FROM THE STEM BARK OF Erythrina variegata
Authors: Herlina Tati , Supratman Unang , Soedjanaatmadja M. S. , Subarnas Anas , Sutardjo Supriyatna , Abdullah Noor Rain , Hayashi Hideo 
Published: January 2019

During the course of our continuing search for novel anti-malarial compounds from Indonesian plants, the methanol extract of the bark of E. variegata showed significant anti-malarial activity toward Plasmodium falciparum in vitro using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The methanol extract of the bark of E. variegata was separated by using bioassay-guide fractionation. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the most activity, exhibiting equipotency against both strains of parasite with IC50 of 23.8 µg/mL against 3D7 and 9.3 µg/mL against K1. Furthermore, by using the anti-malarial activity to follow separation, the ethyl acetate fraction was separated by combination of column chromatography to yield an active compound. The chemical structure of active compound was determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and comparison with those previously reported and identified as an isoflavonoid, warangalone. The warangalone showed anti-malarial activity against both strains of parasite used with IC50 of 4.8 µg/mL against 3D7 and 3.7 µg/mL against K1. Keywords: Antimalarial, Erythrina variegata, warangalone
SPECTROSCOPICAL STUDY OF AN ETHER FRACTION ISOLATE FROM STEAM BARK OF “ JATI” (Tectona grandis, L)
Authors: Mandey Fredryk , Chalik Raimundus , Ibrahim Ismail 
Published: January 2019

This research is aimed to primarily study the spectroscopy of ether fraction of from Jati wood (T. grandis, L). The stem bark of T.grandis, L was firstly extracted undergoes a reflux in methanol solvent. Further, the dried methanol crude extract was extracted with diethyl ether and moreover separated its chemical constituents by using of column chromatography using degraded mixtures of n-hexane - ethyl acetate from 9:1 to 7:3. After a final column chromatography from the E fraction, a white needles crystal with a melting point of 295 - 297.5 °C was resulted. This results was then confirmed undergoes a spectroscopic analysis including UV, FTIR, H-NMR, and Mass spectroscopy to get an acid of 3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic or commonly known as betulinic acid. Keywords: betulinic acid, spectroscopy, primarily study