bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Story of a Village: A Case Study in Strategic Planning at Enyinndakurom, Ankaful, Central Region, Ghana
Authors: Redington Wynette 
Published: February 2019

The development of a strategic plan for an African village can seem a daunting task, especially if the village is one created from diverse beginnings and different cultural origins, where ethnicity, language and custom are not homogenous. In this article the authors explore the outcomes of the traditional top down approach. They contrast this with a collaborative approach, bottom up, and propose the use of management strategies more commonly found in an industrial environment. Deploying a case study approach the development and implementation of a strategic plan for a post-leprosy rehabilitation village near Elmina in Ghana, West Africa is described and evaluated. Learned helplessness is often an outcome of intervention aid. By approaching a project with a top down approach, the dependency of a community can become ingrained. However a partnership approach with the villagers is hoped to engender a sense of ownership in the community, motivating optimism. The authors believe that the possibility of engagement with the village is greatly strengthened using collaborative approach, and that this is key to a successful outcome. The concept, strategy and initial results as well as the ongoing sustainability of the strategy are described. The underlying hypothesis is that by empowering an impoverished and disenfranchised community with tried and trusted, modern management methods, engagement as well as success can be achieved.
Loose, fragmented project arrangements – Some implications for practitioners
Authors: Cullen Christopher 
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to contribute to our understanding of the project by considering an alternative type of project taken from the world of practice but which appears to be over-looked within much of the existing PM research. The paper draws from two recent project experiences and describes a project reality as messy, ambiguous and fragmented. How this messiness affect the project structure and the implications in terms of how we manage projects are drawn out and discussed.
Revisiting the differential freezing nucleus spectra derived from drop-freezing experiments: methods of calculation, applications, and confidence limits
Authors: Vali Gabor 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The differential nucleus concentration defined in Vali (1971) is re-examined
and methods are given for its application. The purpose of this document is to
facilitate the use of differential spectra in describing the results of
drop freezing, or similar, experiments and to thereby provide additional
insights into the significance of the measurements. The additive nature of
differential concentrations is used to show how the background contribution
can be accounted for in the measurements. A method is presented to evaluate
the confidence limits of the spectra derived from given sets of measurements.
Examining the evidence for decoupling between photosynthesis and transpiration during heat extremes
Authors: De Kauwe Martin G. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Pitman Andrew J. , Drake John E. , Ukkola Anna , Griebel Anne , Pendall Elise , Prober Suzanne , Roderick Michael 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Recent experimental evidence suggests that during heat extremes, wooded
ecosystems may decouple photosynthesis and transpiration, reducing
photosynthesis to near zero but increasing transpiration into the boundary
layer. This feedback may act to dampen, rather than amplify, heat extremes in
wooded ecosystems. We examined eddy covariance databases (OzFlux and
FLUXNET2015) to identify whether there was field-based evidence to support
these experimental findings. We focused on two types of heat extremes:
(i) the 3 days leading up to a temperature extreme, defined as including
a daily maximum temperature >37 ∘C (similar to the widely used
TXx metric), and (ii) heatwaves, defined as 3 or more consecutive days
above 35 ∘C. When focusing on (i), we found some evidence of
reduced photosynthesis and sustained or increased latent heat fluxes at seven
Australian evergreen wooded flux sites. However, when considering the role of
vapour pressure deficit and focusing on (ii), we were unable to conclusively
disentangle the decoupling between photosynthesis and latent heat flux from
the effect of increasing the vapour pressure deficit. Outside of Australia, the
Tier-1 FLUXNET2015 database provided limited scope to tackle this issue as it
does not sample sufficient high temperature events with which to probe the
physiological response of trees to extreme heat. Thus, further work is
required to determine whether this photosynthetic decoupling occurs widely,
ideally by matching experimental species with those found at eddy covariance
tower sites. Such measurements would allow this decoupling mechanism to be
probed experimentally and at the ecosystem scale. Transpiration during
heatwaves remains a key issue to resolve, as no land surface model includes a
decoupling mechanism, and any potential dampening of the land–atmosphere
amplification is thus not included in climate model projections.
Nostalgia y melodrama en el cine de José Luis Garci: sus películas de la época socialista (1982-1996)
Authors: Durán Manso Valeriano 
Published: February 2019

José Luis Garci es uno de los cineastas más personales de la Transición Española y de la etapa socialista (1982-1996). Marcado por el cine clásico de Hollywood, su filmografía está construida sobre un género tan arraigado como el melodrama –aunque también destaca el cine negro-, de manera que la nostalgia derivada de la pérdida producida por el paso del tiempo determina a sus personajes. Con los objetivos de poner en valor la obra del cineasta y reflexionar sobre la construcción del melodrama en sus películas, se estudian Volver a empezar (1982), Sesión continua (1984), Asignatura aprobada (1987) y Canción de cuna (1994), así como El Crack Dos (1983), que combina cine negro con rasgos melodramáticos. Desde estas consideraciones, se pretende destacar la producción cinematográfica que Garci realizó en estos años, y que, además, marca la transición con su obra posterior, más clásica, literaria y vinculada al pasado reciente.
Health and social care leaders’ self-rated competence and learning needs in small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Salminen-Tuomaala Mari Helena , Paavola Kirsi , Paussu Paula 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The study is a descriptive survey based on quantitative and qualitative data. Its purpose is to describe leaders’ self-assessed competence and learning needs in small and medium-sized health and social care enterprises as part of a larger research and development project in Finland. The information produced will be used in planning a simulation-based coaching intervention. The project partners are a health technology enterprise and two educational institutions.Methods: Data were collected in late 2017 from 23 leaders of 20 enterprises using an internet-based questionnaire. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows and the qualitative data using inductive content analysis.Results: The leaders felt confident about their ability to organize day-to-day activities, but reported learning needs related to interaction and entrepreneurship. Training was required in supporting staff in challenging situations, in understanding group dynamics and in developing dialogic interaction and emotional intelligence. The leaders were interested in learning how to market their services and improve the competitiveness of their enterprise with help of digitalization and networking, and how to prepare for the reform of health and social services. Most leaders were involved in practical care work and reported a need to update their clinical skills.Conclusions: Increasing self-management contents and fostering an entrepreneurial attitude in nursing and social work curricula may provide one answer to the learning needs reported in this study. Simulation-based education can provide an effective learning environment for both students and professionals in health and social services.
Sleep Physiology and Polysomnogram, Physiopathology and Symptomatology in Sleep Medicine
Authors: Kayabekir Murat 
Published: February 2019

Over recent years, the importance of sleep physiology and pathology has been better understood in terms of correct diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and innovative research of diseases. Sleep disorders are often confused with clinical symptoms of adult and pediatric medical conditions. In medicine, electrophysiological signal recording methods are very important for establishing a correct diagnosis especially in neurological sciences. Polysomnography (PSG) is a golden standard diagnostic method that records electrophysiological signals used for sleep physiology and diseases. When the medical disciplines and diseases that make use of this diagnostic method are considered, its significance becomes clearer. For example, medical disciplines benefiting from PSG are as follows: “Clinical Physiology, Neurology, Ear Nose and Throat, Dentistry, Psychiatry, Pulmonology, Cardiology, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Neurosurgery, Endocrinology, etc.” The patient groups diagnosed with PSG are as follows: “Sleep Disordered Breathing (Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome), Obesity, Morbid Obesity, REM Behavior Disorder, Restless Leg Syndrome, Rhythm Disorders, Epileptic Disorders, Insomnia, Insomnia and Headache, Hypersomnia, Narcolepsy, Secondary Hypertension, etc.” Interpretation and understanding electrophysiological signals correctly show us interactions of body systems with sleep physiology and integrated therapeutic approaches to sleep disorders. In conclusion; new approaches to sleep pathophysiology depend on a better understanding and further advancement of polysomnography.
Un regard didactique sur les évaluations du PISA et de la TIMSS : mieux les comprendre pour mieux les exploiter
Authors: Bodin Antoine , Grapin Nadine 
Published: February 2019

Deux études internationales évaluant les connaissances des élèves en mathématiques occupent une place importante dans le paysage éducatif mondial : celles du Programme international pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA) et de la Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Si ces études sont accompagnées d’une littérature abondante décrivant leurs cadres, et si de nombreuses recherches en édumétrie, en sociologie ou encore en sciences de l’éducation ont régulièrement été menées, quel regard la didactique des mathématiques peut-elle porter sur ces études ? Après avoir présenté succinctement les cadres de ces deux évaluations, nous exploitons deux approches didactiques distinctes, basées sur l’analyse a priori des tâches pour analyser le contenu de l’évaluation et pour réinterpréter les résultats des élèves. Couplée à une analyse statistique implicative, la première, didactique et cognitive, apporte un regard neuf sur les résultats du PISA et permet de mener des comparaisons entre pays. La seconde approche, située dans le cadre de la théorie anthropologique du didactique, s’intéresse davantage au contenu de la TIMSS et à la répartition des questions au regard d’une organisation mathématique de référence.
Et si la validation était plus qu’une suite de procédures techniques ?
Authors: Loye Nathalie 
Published: February 2019

En éducation, de nombreuses études portent sur la validation d’instruments de mesure, tels que des questionnaires ou des instruments d’évaluation. La revue Mesure et évaluation en éducation en publie d’ailleurs chaque année. Ces études peuvent être globalement classées en deux catégories : d’une part, celles dans lesquelles les procédures psychométriques, comme une analyse factorielle ou l’application d’un modèle de la théorie de réponses aux items (p. ex., le modèle de Rasch), constituent en elles-mêmes la démarche de validation ; d’autre part, celles dans lesquelles le recours à un panel d’experts pour concevoir l’instrument semble suffire à garantir sa validité. Cet article tente de montrer qu’il est nécessaire de faire reposer une démarche de validation sur un argumentaire basé sur des preuves de natures quantitative et qualitative, en proposant deux modèles qui, combinés, sont propres à guider la formulation des arguments pour soutenir la validation d’un instrument d’évaluation. L’idée est de contrer le fait que si l’on ne comprend pas ce qu’on essaie de montrer, le risque d’avoir des arguments peu utiles est grand.
L’empowerment par des financements internationaux ? Comment les donateurs créent un secteur non étatique en Ukraine
Authors: Mützelburg Irina 
Published: February 2019

Des acteurs internationaux tels que l’Union européenne cherchent à diffuser leurs normes et pratiques à des États comme l’Ukraine en finançant des projets portés par des organisations internationales et mis en oeuvre par des ONG nationales. Cette contribution analyse l’usage que font les acteurs du secteur non étatique relatif à l’asile en Ukraine des financements internationaux. Elle questionne le concept d’empowerment et montre que les ONG financées par des bailleurs de fonds internationaux gagnent en accès et en influence dans les politiques publiques et que leurs membres acquièrent des compétences, notamment dans la levée de fonds et la gestion de projets internationaux. Les financements communautaires n’atteignent cependant pas les réseaux de solidarité de migrants, et très peu les organisations d’activistes engagés depuis plus longtemps. Ils concourent plutôt à l’émergence de « DONGO », à savoir des ONG fondées grâce à des financements internationaux ou ayant su adapter leurs activités aux opportunités de fonds disponibles. Du fait de leur dépendance, ces ONG se conforment aux attentes de leurs bailleurs de fonds, ce qui tend à standardiser leurs pratiques et à asseoir le pouvoir des acteurs internationaux. Par ailleurs, cette situation accroît les différences entre les organisations dont le financement est institutionnalisé et celles dont le financement est instable. Les premières disposent de moyens substantiels pour fournir une aide juridique et matérielle aux demandeurs d’asile, et ont aussi plus de facilité à entrer en contact avec les autorités locales. Ce sont elles qui adoptent, appliquent et diffusent les normes internationales sur l’asile. Les secondes ne s’y réfèrent pas ; elles sont aussi moins dotées, et contraintes à l’improvisation pour leurs différentes activités.
Effects of stigmata maydis on the methicillin resistantStaphylococus aureusbiofilm formation
Authors: Shang Fei , Li Long , Yu Lumin , Ni Jingtian , Chen Xiaolin , Xue Ting 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundMastitis is an inflammatory reaction of the mammary gland tissue, which causes huge losses to dairy farms throughout the world.Staphylococcus aureusis the most frequent agent associated with this disease.Staphylococcus aureusisolates, which have the ability to form biofilms, usually lead to chronic mastitis in dairy cows. Moreover, methicillin resistance of the bacteria further complicates the treatment of this disease. Stigmata maydis (corn silk), a traditional Chinese medicine, possess many biological activities.MethodsIn this study, we performed antibacterial activity assays, biofilm formation assays and real-time reverse transcription PCR experiments to investigate the effect of stigmata maydis (corn silk) on biofilm formation and vancomycin susceptibility of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains isolated from dairy cows with mastitis.ResultsIn this study, the aqueous extracts of stigmata maydis inhibited the biofilm formation ability of MRSA strains and increased the vancomycin susceptibility of the strains under biofilm-cultured conditions.ConclusionThis study proves that the aqueous extracts of stigmata maydis inhibit the biofilm formation ability of MRSA strains and increase the vancomycin susceptibility of the MRSA strains under biofilm-cultured conditions.
Genetic diversity of Simao pine in China revealed by SRAP markers
Authors: Wang Dawei , Shen Bingqi , Gong Hede 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundSimao pine (Pinus kesiyaRoyle ex Gordon var.langbianensis(A. Chev.) Gaussen) is one of the most important tree species in the production of timber and resin in China. However, the genetic diversity of the natural populations has not been assessed to date. In this study, sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to investigate the genetic composition of natural Simao pine populations.MethodThe SRAP markers were applied and their efficiency was compared using various statistical multivariate methods, including analysis molecular of variance (AMOVA), the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), and Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA).ResultsThe 11 populations revealed a high level of genetic diversity (PPB = 95.45%, H = 0.4567, I = 0.6484) at the species level. A moderately low level of genetic differentiation (Gst= 0.1701), and a slightly high level of gene flow (Nm= 2.4403) were observed among populations using AMOVA. Eleven populations of Simao pine were gathered into four distinct clusters based on molecular data, and the results of UPGMA and PCoA also illustrated that assignment of populations is not completely consistent with geographic origin. The Mantel test revealed there was no significant correlation between geographic and genetic distance (r= 0.241,p= 0.090).DiscussionThe SRAP markers were very effective in the assessment of genetic diversity in Simao pine. Simao pine populations display high levels of genetic diversity and low or moderate levels of genetic differentiation due to frequent gene exchange among populations. The low genetic differentiation among populations implied that conservation efforts should aim to preserve all remaining natural populations of this species. The information derived from this study is useful when identifying populations and categorizing their population origins, making possible the design of long term management program such as genetic improvement by selective breeding.
Feasibilitiy Study of Bioethanol Production: A Case of Spent Mushroom and Waste Paper as Potential Substrate
Authors: Stanley H. O. , Erewa A. O. , Ariole C. N. 
Published: February 2019

Aims: The aim of the present study is to produce ethanol from waste paper and spent mushroom using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as enzymes for the fermentation process.
Study Design: Waste paper and spent mushroom samples were subjected to fermentation and hydrolysis by Aspergilus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce bioethanol.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between May and October 2017.
Methodology: Waste paper and spent mushrooms samples were hydrolyzed by Aspergillus niger, and the hydrolysate from each set up subjected to fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ethanol was extracted by fractional distillation, and qualitatively determined by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry.
Results: After 8 days of fermentation, there was decrease in glucose content in waste paper hydrolysate ranging from (0.51-0.1 mg/l), and spent mushroom substrate (0.3-0.07 mg/l). Upon extraction of the bioethanol, the highest yield was recorded for waste paper hydrolysate which after characterization with GC-MS ethanol concentration was 28.01 mg/l, followed by spent mushroom hydrolysate 26.8 mg/l.
Conclusion: This study revealed that bioethanol can be obtained from fermentation of waste paper using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and ethanol can be obtained after the paper has been used in growing edible mushroom; if adopted, this could be a way to achieving environmental sustainability.
Ultrahigh‐Performance Flexible and Self‐Powered Photodetectors with Ferroelectric P(VDF‐TrFE)/Perovskite Bulk Heterojunction
Authors: Cao Fengren , Tian Wei , Meng Linxing , Wang Meng , Li Liang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFlexible and self‐powered perovskite photodetectors attract widespread research interests due to their potential applications in portable and wearable optoelectronic devices. However, the reported devices mainly adopt an independent layered structure with complex fabrication processes and high carrier recombination. Herein, an integrated ferroelectric poly(vinylidene‐fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) and perovskite bulk heterojunction film photodetector on the polyethylene naphthalate substrate is demonstrated. Under the optimum treatment conditions (the polarization voltage and time, and the concentration of P(VDF‐TrFE)), the photodetector exhibits a largely enhanced performance compared to the pristine perovskite device. The resulting device exhibits ultrahigh performance with a large detectivity (1.4 × 1013 Jones) and fast response time (92/193 µs) at the wavelength of 650 nm. The improved performance is attributed to the fact that the polarized P(VDF‐TrFE)/perovskite hybrid film provides a stronger built‐in electric field to facilitate the separation and transportation of photogenerated carriers. These findings provide a new route to design self‐powered photodetectors from the aspect of device structure and carrier transport.
Naturally Occurring Bioactive Compound‐Derived Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Saw Phei Er , Lee Soyoung , Jon Sangyong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBioactive, small molecular compounds from a variety of plants and organisms have tremendous potential for use as treatments for cancer, microbial infections, inflammatory diseases, and other medical conditions. There have also been attempts to use naturally occurring bioactive compounds as delivery carriers. Such bioactive, natural compound‐derived nanocarriers are expected to have better biocompatibility than synthetic material‐derived drug‐delivery systems and also exhibit intrinsic therapeutic efficacy. Despite these expectations, however, research on the topic is limited and thus has been the subject of very few reviews. Here, the authors describe carriers derived from four typical naturally occurring bioactive compounds—curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (an active ingredient in green tea), and bilirubin—that have been used for biomedical applications. In this review, the pros and cons of each bioactive small molecular compound and processes for synthesizing and preparing these compound‐derived delivery carriers are discussed. A number of examples that show the potential of these delivery carriers as disease treatments are considered, and their future prospects for biomedical applications are assessed. Nanoparticles that simply encapsulate or encase such bioactive compounds are outside the scope of this review and thus are not considered.