bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Generation of Locally Refined Composite Grids for Efficient Solute Transport Modeling
Authors: Sbai M. Adil , Amraoui N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWidely used numerical models of solute transport processes in subsurface aquifers are limited to nonlocally refined rectangular, or logically rectangular, structured grids. This presents an unsuitable option to efficient numerical simulations maintaining an acceptable level of accuracy. Optimal selection of locally refined cells for efficient solute transport models is challenging to the current generation of numerical models. We present a novel and relatively simple to implement algorithm addressing these shortcomings. This method operates in four steps involving travel times simulations, a grid coarsening stage followed by a selective local grid refinement based on a cell‐wise indicator, and a final postprocessing step. The refinement index is the sum of weighted logarithmic distributions of scaled forward and backward travel times. We calculate representative flow and transport properties at the two scales of the composite grid with a flow‐based upscaling technique. We present two test problems to demonstrate the performances of this new gridding algorithm. We obtain the most important speedups for composite grids generated with the highest indicator thresholds. When hydrodynamic dispersion effects increase, we obtain less important speedups. An important outcome of this work is that grid design depends on nature and strength of the underlying flow and solute transport processes. Therefore, we suggest developing solute transport workflows integrating this grid generation algorithm as an integral component to build comprehensive and efficient groundwater models.
Effect of two post‐surgical cleansing protocols on early periodontal wound healing and cytokine levels following osseous resective surgery: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Sijari Ziad , Romano Federica , Ciardo Gabriele , Martella Vanessa , Maggiora Marina , Bottone Mario , Aimetti Mario 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this RCT study was to compare early wound healing and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine levels of patients treated with two different post‐surgical cleansing protocols.MethodsA total of 30 chronic periodontitis patients scheduled for osseous resective surgery with fibre retention technique were randomly assigned to follow one of two post‐surgical protocols. Patients assigned to the test protocol (n = 15) were instructed to brush the surgical area with a sonic toothbrush starting the day after surgery in addition to 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) rinsing, while patients following the control protocol (n = 15) rinsed only with 0.12% CHX solution and resumed mechanical cleansing with a manual toothbrush on day 14 after surgery. Interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐8 levels were assessed before and 14 days post‐operatively in gingival crevicular fluid. Patients were recalled on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 after surgery for clinical assessment. Pain was self‐reported by a visual analogue scale.ResultsLower early wound healing scores, higher bacterial plaque reduction and milder inflammatory response were observed at the surgical sites in the test group on day 7, 14 and 28 when compared to the control group (P < 0.01). The faster wound healing process was modulated by a statistically significant decrease in IL‐1β and IL‐8 levels on day 14 in the sonic group. The intensity of pain was similar between groups.ConclusionsThe introduction of sonic toothbrush on the first post‐operative day as an adjunct of daily CHX rinsing would seem to accelerate early wound healing.
Surface modification of ultrafine silicon nitride powders by calcination
Authors: Ni Zhentao , Yang Xianfeng , Yang Xiaole , He Qinglong , Xu Xiewen , Xie Hehan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCalcination was used for surface modification of ultrafine silicon nitride powders, which improved the flowability and dispersion stability of their slurries. Surface characteristics of the powder were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which showed the generation of an oxide layer and partial elimination of amine groups on the particle surfaces. Ion analysis results suggested a drop in both ion conductivity and supernatant concentration after calcination. For the as‐received powder, poor flowability and dispersion stability was caused by high‐valence cations, which were detrimental to colloidal processing according to the Schulze–Hardy rule, and surface amine groups were also present; both of these were partly removed by calcination. The oxide layer formed on the particle surfaces hydrolyzes into silanol groups when the powder is dispersed in aqueous solutions, which was favorable for surface charging and formation of higher diffuse layer potential on the particles. These factors contributed to the improved flowability and dispersion stability of the slurries.
Evaluation of the Mn(II) adsorption potential of SiO2 obtained by different wet chemical methods
Authors: Gonçalves Patrícia , Barbosa Adriano Francisco , de Oliveira Jéssica Ariane , Bertholdo Roberto , Giraldi Tania Regina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the development of SiO2 by 2 different wet chemical methods: polymeric precursor (PP) and sol‐gel (SG). These samples were used as adsorbents of Mn(II) metal ions. Physicochemical characteristics of the 2 adsorbents were established, while zeta potential, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area methods were further employed for characterization. Efficiencies of the prepared adsorbents in the adsorption of Mn(II) from aqueous solutions were investigated. The BET surface areas of the prepared adsorbent were 171 and 7 m2 g−1 for SiO2 PP and SiO2 SG, respectively. Optimal adsorption occurred at pH 8.5, 5g L−1 of adsorbent concentration, and 90 minutes of contact time for both adsorbents. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models fitted the experimental data of SiO2 PP and SiO2 SG, respectively, and SiO2 PP showed the highest adsorption capacity due, probably, to its greater specific area.
Facile and eco‐friendly fabrication of hierarchical superhydrophobic coating from eggshell biowaste
Authors: Seeharaj Panpailin , Sripako Kanyapuk , Promta Pongsakorn , Detsri Ekarat , Vittayakorn Naratip 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study reports a facile and sustainable approach to fabricate superhydrophobic coating from eggshell biowaste. The coating was prepared by ball milling chicken eggshells, composed of hydrophilic calcium carbonate (CaCO3), to microsized particles followed by surface hydrophobilizing with stearic acid (C17H35COOH) to form low surface energy nanosized calcium stearate ((C17H35COO)2Ca) through the esterification of hydroxyl groups (‐OH) absorbed on a surface of CaCO3 with carboxyl groups (–COOH) of stearic acid. Then, a layer of modified eggshell particles dispersed in polystyrene (PS) binder was dip‐coated on a substrate. A coated surface with water contact angles of 151° ± 1° on glass and 153° ± 1° on cotton fabric substrates was achieved when a 4:1 weight ratio of the modified eggshell:PS was used. The uniform distribution of the modified eggshell particles throughout the coating led to a surface with high degree of hierarchical micro‐nanoscale roughness which resulted in superhydrophobicity. The superhydrophobic eggshell coating showed good environmental stability, self‐cleaning, and oil/water separation properties. These results suggest that eggshell biowaste can be utilized for superhydrophobic applications.
Bioactive glass and glass‐ceramic orbital implants
Authors: Baino Francesco , Verné Enrica , Fiume Elisa , Peitl Oscar , Zanotto Edgar D. , Brandão Simone M. , Schellini Silvana A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis review focuses on the applications of bioactive glasses and glass‐ceramics in the field of orbital implants for ocular surgery. This use is relatively novel and less popular compared to the applications in orthopedics and dentistry for the repair of bone and teeth. Recent studies have shown the suitability of bioactive glasses and glass‐ceramics in contact with soft tissues for promoting additional effects associated to the release of therapeutic inorganic ions. Specifically, the angiogenic and antibacterial actions that may be elicited by selected glass compositions are highly appealing for the development of new‐generation orbital implants, since improved vascularization and antiseptic properties are the key for a higher success rate of anophthalmic socket procedures. An overall picture of existing orbital implants based on bioactive glasses is here provided, and the further potential and open challenges for future research in this field are highlighted and discussed.
The role of oral vitamins and supplements in the management of atopic dermatitis: a systematic review
Authors: Reynolds Kelly A. , Juhasz Margit L. W. , Mesinkovska Natasha A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by disruption of epidermal barrier function and aberrant immune response to antigens. Current therapies focus on symptom management by restoring epidermal barrier function with emollients and reducing inflammation. Given the prevalence of “steroid phobia” and reported dissatisfaction with first‐line therapies, oral vitamins and supplements have been proposed as promising complementary and alternative therapies. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for various oral vitamins and supplements for the treatment of AD. A literature search was performed in February 2018 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Included studies were clinical trials and meta‐analyses on the oral supplementation of vitamins and supplements for the treatment or prevention of AD. The search identified over 300 articles, of which 37 were included for review. Supplementation with vitamins E and D have the most robust evidence for AD symptom management. Probiotics may play a role in the prevention of infantile AD. Fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid, sea buckthorn oil, and hempseed oil also have preliminary evidence for use as supplements to decrease AD severity, but randomized controlled trials are needed. Vitamins and supplements may have a role in the management of AD, however, many of the studies reviewed are limited by small sample size. More studies are needed to better inform medical providers and patients about the role of these treatments in the management of AD.
HLA class I allele lineages and haplotype frequencies in Arabs of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Kulski Jerzy K. , AlSafar Habiba S. , Mawart Aurelie , Henschel Andreas , Tay Guan K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe high degree of polymorphism of the HLA system provides suitable genetic markers to study the diversity and migration of different world populations and is beneficial for forensic identification, anthropology, transplantation and disease associations. Although the United Arab Emirates (UAE) population of about nine million people is heterogeneous, information is limited for the HLA class I allele and haplotype frequencies of the Bedouin ethnic group. We performed low‐resolution PCR‐SSP genotyping of three HLA class I loci at HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C for 95 unrelated healthy Bedouins from the cities of Al Ain and Abu Dhabi in the UAE. A total of 54 HLA allele lineages were detected; the most frequent low‐resolution allele lineages at each HLA locus were A*02 (0.268), B*51 (0.163) and C*07 (0.216). The inferred estimates for the two most frequent HLA‐A and HLA‐B haplotypes were HLA‐A*02 ~ HLA‐B*50 (0.070) and HLA‐A*02 ~ HLA‐B*51 (0.051), and the most frequent 3‐locus haplotype was HLA‐A*02 ~ HLA‐B*50 ~ HLA‐C*06 (0.068). The HLA allele lineage frequencies of the UAE Arabs were compared to those previously reported for 70 other world populations, and a strong genetic similarity was detected between the UAE Arabs and the Saudi Arabians from the west with evidence of a limited gene flow between the UAE Arabs and Pakistani across the Gulf from the east, and the UAE Arabs and Omani from the south of the Gulf Peninsula.
The effect of LILRB1 but not LILRA3 gene polymorphism in immunopathology of ankylosing spondylitis—A parallel to KIR genes
Authors: Majorczyk Edyta , Wiśniewski Andrzej , Zoń‐Giebel Aleksandra , Chlebicki Arkadiusz , Wiland Piotr , Kuśnierczyk Piotr 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLILR and KIR receptors recognize HLA‐B27 and may influence immune response in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) development. Purpose of the study was to analyse LILRB1/LILRA3 polymorphisms in AS. We observed a possible protective effect of the T allele of LILRB1 rs1061680:T>C and no association with insertion/deletion polymorphisms of LILRA3 with AS.
Nation, Migration, Identity: Learning from the Cross‐Strait Context
Authors: Momesso Lara , Lee Chun‐yi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt has been argued that globalization, with its flexible landscapes of production, consumption and mobility, has favoured the emergence of new forms of belonging that are not necessarily built on such principles of the nation state. In this article, we argue that this process is more likely to happen when movements occur between states that are not in conflictual relations with each other. When the relations between two nations are shaped by conflicts, for instance due to disputes about sovereignty over a territory, nationalism may remain a crucial factor shaping the identification and belonging of those who move between the two territories. In this article, by looking at the case of migrants moving between China and Taiwan, we will shed light on how the issue of “unresolved sovereignty” may eventually lead these actors to reinforce nationalist ideals and identities in their daily narratives, instead of favouring the generation of hybrid identities.
What is new in lipid‐lowering therapies in diabetes?
Authors: Cheung Yee‐Ming , O’Brien Richard , Ekinci Elif I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDiabetes can lead to a myriad of microvascular and macrovascular complications – with the leading cause of mortality in diabetes being cardiovascular disease. Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, along with non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are proven, modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This article will focus on lipid‐lowering agents in individuals with diabetes. It will summarise relevant changes in the latest guidelines for dyslipidaemia and will also review the mechanisms of action of lipid‐lowering agents along with the latest cardiovascular outcomes data specific to individuals with diabetes. Older agents such as statins, ezetimibe, fibrates and nicotinic acid will be reviewed with a focus on new diabetes‐specific evidence. Similarly, a relatively novel agent proprotein‐convertase subtilisin‐kexin type 9 will be reviewed and details around the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme criteria governing its usage in Australia will be reported. Finally, this review will touch on agents still on the horizon such as icosapent ethyl, high‐density lipoprotein mimetics, bempedoic acid, omega‐3 free fatty acids, bromodomain and extra‐terminal protein inhibitors and inclisiran – a long‐acting ribonucleic acid interference agent. In the appropriately selected population of individuals with diabetes, these agents can assist to improve further lipid profile and reduce cardiovascular events.
Association between bruxism and temporomandibular disorders in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Reis Larissa , Ribeiro Rosangela Almeida , Martins Carolina Castro , Devito Karina Lopes 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundBruxism in children and its relation to the development of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has not been clearly determined yet.AimThe objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the possible association between bruxism and TMD in children.DesignSeven databases were searched, and 497 articles were assessed. Methodological quality was assessed through Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. The meta‐analysis was performed with the articles in which extraction of data was possible and the summary effect measure through odds ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of evidence.ResultsTen cross‐sectional studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, 8 showed a statistically significant association between bruxism and TMD. Seven studies however presented a high risk of bias. The meta‐analysis was performed with 3 articles and obtained an OR of 2.97 (95% CI ranging from 1.72‐5.15), indicating that children with bruxism are 2.97 times more likely to present TMD, with very low level of certainty defined by GRADE.ConclusionsAlthough the studies showed high risk of bias, the qualitative analysis of individual studies showed that the children with bruxism have greater chance of developing TMD.
Effect of a relaxation training exercise on behaviour, anxiety, and pain during buccal infiltration anaesthesia in children: Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sridhar Sowmya , Suprabha Baranya Shrikrishna , Shenoy Ramya , Shwetha Kunnumal Thekkeveetil , Rao Arathi 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundCognitive behavioural techniques can decrease procedural pain and anxiety in children. Bubble breath exercise, a play therapy technique, may be used as a relaxation strategy to manage anxiety and pain. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of bubble breath exercise on dental anxiety, dental behaviour, and pain intensity during buccal infiltration of local anaesthetic in children.Study DesignThis randomized controlled trial involved 66 children aged 7‐11 years, randomly allocated to two groups: Group 1 (control) and Group 2 (intervention group). Group 2 was trained in bubble breath exercise. The reaction during buccal infiltration anaesthesia was recorded in terms of behaviour (Frankl's behaviour rating scale), anxiety (Facial Image Scale and pulse rate), and pain perception (Wong‐Baker FACES pain rating scale and the Faces, Leg, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scale).ResultsThe bubble breath exercise significantly reduced the pain perceived, as measured by both the Wong‐Baker FACES pain rating scale (P < 0.001) and the FLACC scale (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in dental anxiety and behaviour among the groups.ConclusionUse of bubble breath exercise may be beneficial in decreasing the pain perceived during maxillary buccal infiltration anaesthesia in 7‐ to 11‐year‐old children.
An ERNSGA‐III algorithm for the production and distribution planning problem in the multiagent supply chain
Authors: Gharaei Ali , Jolai Fariborz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNowadays, new issues have been emerged in industry by increasing the supply chain boundaries, especially when some supply chain members seek their own interests. In the literature, this case is referred to as a multiagent problem in which each agent has his/her own set of jobs and objectives. Here, an integrated production scheduling and distribution problem in a multisite supply chain is investigated from the three‐agent perspective of the manufacturer, distributor, and customer. Due to the complexity of the problem, a novel evolutionary‐based reference point determination of the third version of the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (ERNSGA‐III) is proposed. In this algorithm, some modifications to the classic version of NSGA‐III have been made and a novel reference point determination method based on Bees algorithm is used in the selection operation. Some statistical tests are performed to compare the proposed algorithm with three other algorithms in the literature. The results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective than other algorithms.
Optimization of departure runway scheduling incorporating arrival crossings
Authors: Ma Ji , Sbihi Mohammed , Delahaye Daniel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe runway is a key airport resource and an efficient runway operation is critical to enhance the airport efficiency and to reduce delays. This paper addresses the problem of scheduling aircraft departures incorporating arrival crossings. Constraints for wake turbulence separations, flight time window restrictions, and holding queue capacity at runway threshold are explicitly considered. We present two integer linear programming models and a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. Comparison tests are conducted for the south side of Paris Charles De Gaulle Airport and show that the three proposed methods can significantly improve the solutions based on the simple first‐come‐first‐served rule. Moreover, SA has sufficiently small computation time for real‐time deployment.
The sporadic nature of Legionella pneumophila, Legionella pneumophila Sg1 and Mycobacterium avium occurrence within residences and office buildings across 36 states in the United States
Authors: Donohue M.J. , King D. , Pfaller S. , Mistry J.H. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aim
Premise plumbing may disseminate the bacteria Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium avium, the causative agents for legionellosis and pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterium disease respectively.

Methods and Results
Using quantitative PCR, the occurrence and persistence of L. pneumophila, L. pneumophila serogroup (Sg)1 and M. avium were evaluated in drinking water samples from 108 cold water taps (residences: n = 43) and (office buildings: n = 65). Mycobacterium avium, L. pneumophila and L. pneumophila Sg1 were detected 45, 41 and 25% of all structures respectively. Two occurrence patterns were evaluated: sporadic (a single detection from the three samplings) and persistent (detections in two or more of the three samples).

Conclusions
The micro-organism's occurrence was largely sporadic. Office buildings were prone to microbial persistence independent of building age and square footage. Microbial persistence at residences was observed in those older than 40 years for L. pneumophila and was rarely observed for M. avium. The microbial occurrence was evenly distributed between structure types but there were differences in density and persistence.

Significance of and Impact of the Study
The study is important because residences are often suspected to be the source when a case of disease is reported. These data demonstrate that this may not be the case for a sporadic incidence.