bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial variability in specific discharge and streamwater chemistry during low flows: Results from snapshot sampling campaigns in eleven Swiss catchments
Authors: Floriancic Marius G. , Fischer Benjamin M. C. , Molnar Peter , Kirchner James W. , van Meerveld Ilja H.J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCatchments consist of distinct landforms that affect the storage and release of subsurface water. Certain landforms may be the main contributors to streamflow during extended dry periods, and these may vary for different catchments in a given region. We present a unique dataset from snapshot field campaigns during low‐flow conditions in 11 catchments across Switzerland to illustrate this. The catchments differed in size (10 to 110 km2), varied from predominantly agricultural lowlands to Alpine areas, and covered a range of physical characteristics. During each snapshot campaign, we jointly measured streamflow and collected water samples for the analysis of major ions and stable water isotopes. For every sampling location (basin), we determined several landscape characteristics from national geo‐datasets, including drainage area, elevation, slope, flowpath length, dominant land use, and geological and geomorphological characteristics, such as the lithology and fraction of quaternary deposits. The results demonstrate very large spatial variability in specific low‐flow discharge and water chemistry: Neighboring sampling locations could differ significantly in their specific discharge, isotopic composition, and ion concentrations, indicating that different sources contribute to streamflow during extended dry periods. However, none of the landscape characteristics that we analysed could explain the spatial variability in specific discharge or streamwater chemistry in multiple catchments. This suggests that local features determine the spatial differences in discharge and water chemistry during low‐flow conditions and that this variability cannot be assessed a priori from available geodata and statistical relations to landscape characteristics. The results furthermore suggest that measurements at the catchment outlet during low‐flow conditions do not reflect the heterogeneity of the different source areas in the catchment that contribute to streamflow.
Preconception care and contraception services: Opportunities for community pharmacists
Authors: Bright David R. , DiPietro Mager Natalie A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere are multiple opportunities for community pharmacists to take on greater roles in the delivery of preconception care and contraceptive services, and pharmacists have indicated interest in developing and expanding such services. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize published literature related to community pharmacists' provision of preconception care and contraceptive interventions to help guide related service development and raise awareness about potential opportunities to further expand and integrate such services into practice. Two searches were performed on February 5, 2019 of Medline, Academic Search Complete, and the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases from database inception to December 31, 2018. The first search utilized the terms [([contraception or birth control or family planning or contraceptive] OR contraception education OR contraceptives OR contraceptive access) AND ([pharmacists or pharmacist] OR pharmacy OR community pharmacy OR community pharmacist)]; the second search utilized the terms [(preconception OR preconception care OR preconception counseling OR preconception health OR [“preconception care” or “pre‐pregnancy care” or “prepregnancy care”]) AND ([pharmacists or pharmacist] OR pharmacy OR community pharmacy OR community pharmacist)]. Inclusion criteria for the review were articles written in English describing a community pharmacist‐delivered service in the United States. Six articles detailed community pharmacists' roles in contraception, including prescribing hormonal and emergency contraception and administration of injectable contraception. Each study found high rates of patient uptake and satisfaction with these services. One article detailed community pharmacists' provision of preconception care services; again, there was rapid uptake of the service. These articles together highlighted the logistical ease, economic viability, and patient acceptance of such services. Opportunities to expand and integrate these services exist. Published data show that community pharmacists have demonstrated provision of contraceptive and preconception care services in the US, and opportunities exist to grow these programs.
Changes in Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue One Year After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Blom-Høgestøl Ingvild Kristine , Mala Tom , Kristinsson Jon A , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe , Brunborg Cathrine , Gulseth Hanne Løvdal , Eriksen Erik Fink 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has been postulated to mediate skeletal fragility in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) induces a substantial weight loss and resolution of comorbidities. However, the procedure induces increased bone turnover and fracture rates. No previous study has evaluated biopsy-measured BMAT fraction preoperatively and after RYGB. In this study, we aimed to investigate BMAT fraction of the hip in participants with and without T2D preoperatively and 1 year after RYGB and explore factors associated with BMAT change. Patients with morbid obesity scheduled for RYGB were examined preoperatively and 1 year after RYGB. Forty-four participants were included and preoperative examinations were possible in 35. Of these, 33 (94%) met for follow-up, 2 were excluded, and BMAT estimation was not possible in 1. Eighteen (60%) of the participants were females and 11 (37%) had T2D. Preoperative BMAT fraction was positively associated with glycosylated hemoglobin and negatively associated with areal bone mineral density (aBMD). After RYGB, BMAT fraction decreased from 40.4 ± 1.7% to 35.6 ± 12.8%, p = 0.042, or with mean percent change of 10.7% of preoperative BMAT fraction. Change in BMAT fraction was positively associated with change in body mass index (BMI) and total body fat. In females, we observed a mean percent reduction of 22.4 ± 19.6%, whereas in males BMAT increased with a mean percent of 6.8 ± 37.5%, p = 0.009. For males, changes in estradiol were associated with BMAT change; this was not observed for females. In participants with and without T2D, the mean percent BMAT reduction was 5.8 ± 36.9% and 13.5 ± 28.0%, respectively, p = 0.52. We conclude that a high BMAT seems to be associated with lower aBMD and poorer glycemic control in obese subjects. After RYGB, we observed a significant decrease in BMAT. The reduction in BMAT did not differ between participants with and without T2D, but appeared sex specific. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Signaling and functional competency of neutrophils derived from bone-marrow cells expressing the ER-HOXB8 oncoprotein
Authors: Saul Stephanie , Castelbou Cyril , Fickentscher Céline , Demaurex Nicolas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Neutrophils play a central role in immunity and inflammation via their intrinsic ability to migrate into inflamed tissue, to phagocytose pathogens, and to kill bacterial and fungi by releasing large quantities of superoxide anions and lytic enzymes. The molecular pathways controlling neutrophil microbicidal functions are still unclear, because neutrophils have a short half-life and are resistant to genetic manipulation. Neutrophil-like cells (NLC) can be generated from myeloid progenitors conditionally immortalized with the ER-HoxB8 oncoprotein, but whether these cells can replace neutrophils in high-throughput functional assays is unclear. Here, we assess the ability of NLC derived from ER-HoxB8 progenitors to produce ROS and to perform chemotaxis and phagocytosis. We compare the Ca2+ responses and effector functions of NLC to primary murine neutrophils and document the molecular basis of their functional differences by mRNA profiling. Pro-inflammatory cytokines enhanced the expression by NLC of neutrophil surface markers and transcription factors. Ca2+ elevations evoked in NLC by agonists, adhesion receptors, and store depletion resembled the physiological responses recorded in primary neutrophils, but NLC expressed reduced amounts of Ca2+ signaling proteins and of chemotactic receptors. Unlike their myeloid progenitors, NLC produced H2O2 when adhered to fibronectin, migrated toward chemotactic peptides, phagocytosed opsonized particles, and generated intracellular ROS. NLC phagocytosed as efficiently as primary neutrophils but produced 50 times less ROS and migrated less efficiently toward chemoattractant. Our data indicate that NLC can replace neutrophils to study Ca2+ signaling and phagocytosis, but that their incomplete granulocytic differentiation limits their use for chemotaxis and ROS production assays.
American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Clinical Guidelines: The Validity of Body Composition Assessment in Clinical Populations
Authors: Sheean Patricia , Gonzalez M. Cristina , Prado Carla M. , McKeever Liam , Hall Amber M. , Braunschweig Carol A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOn behalf of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN), a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the best available evidence regarding the validity of relevant body composition methods (eg, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry [DXA], ultrasound [US], and bioelectrical impedance analysis [BIA]) in clinical populations. The guidelines targeted adults >18 years of age with a potentially inflammatory condition or pathological end point associated with a specific disease or clinical condition. In total, 7375 studies were retrieved, and 15 DXA, 7 US, and 23 BIA studies provided applicable data. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the test method against a “gold standard” reference. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria were used to separate the evaluation of the body of evidence from the recommendations. Based on a limited number of studies and expert opinion, DXA is recommended for the assessment of fat mass in patients with a variety of disease states; however, the validity of DXA for lean mass assessment in any clinical population remains unknown. No recommendations can be made at this time to support the use of US or BIA in the clinical setting, as data to support its validity in any specific patient population are limited in scope or by the proprietary nature of manufacture‐specific BIA regression models to procure body composition data, respectively. Directions for future research are provided. These clinical guidelines were approved by the ASPEN Board of Directors.
A novel mutation in MBTPS2 causes ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, and photophobia syndrome
Authors: Jiang Yanyun , Jin Hongzhong , Zeng Yueping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, and photophobia (IFAP) syndrome is a rare X‐linked genodermatosis characterized by noninflammatory spiny follicular hyperkeratosis, severe photophobia, and non‐scarring alopecia with variable severities. IFAP syndrome results from mutations in the gene encoding the membrane‐bound transcription factor peptidase, site 2 (MBTPS2).MethodsWe present an 11‐year‐old male with typical clinical features of IFAP syndrome, including diffuse follicular hyperkeratosis, alopecia, photophobia, psoriasiform plaques, short statue, nail dystrophy, mental retardation, and seizures.ResultsA novel missense mutation (NM_015884.4: c.1298T > C; NP_056968.1: p. L433P) in the membrane‐bound transcription factor peptidase, site 2 gene (MBTPS2) was identified in our patient. The heterozygous MBTPS2 mutation was identified in his mother but not his father.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a novel MBTPS2 mutation in a patient with IFAP syndrome and thus expands the known MBPTS2 molecular repertoire.
Deformable registration of x ray and MRI for postimplant dosimetry in low dose rate prostate brachytherapy
Authors: Hrinivich William T. , Park Seyoun , Le Yi , Song Daniel Y. , Lee Junghoon 
Published: June 2019

PurposeDosimetric assessment following permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) commonly involves seed localization using CT and prostate delineation using coregistered MRI. However, pelvic CT leads to additional imaging dose and requires significant resources to acquire and process both CT and MRI. In this study, we propose an automatic postimplant dosimetry approach that retains MRI for soft‐tissue contouring, but eliminates the need for CT and reduces imaging dose while overcoming the inconsistent appearance of seeds on MRI with three projection x rays acquired using a mobile C‐arm.MethodsImplanted seeds are reconstructed using x rays by solving a combinatorial optimization problem and deformably registered to MRI. Candidate seeds are located in MR images using local hypointensity identification. X ray‐based seeds are registered to these candidate seeds in three steps: (a) rigid registration using a stochastic evolutionary optimizer, (b) affine registration using an iterative closest point optimizer, and (c) deformable registration using a local feature point search and nonrigid coherent point drift. The algorithm was evaluated using 20 PPB patients with x rays acquired immediately postimplant and T2‐weighted MR images acquired the next day at 1.5 T with mean 0.8 × 0.8 × 3.0 mm voxel dimensions. Target registration error (TRE) was computed based on the distance from algorithm results to manually identified seed locations using coregistered CT acquired the same day as the MRI. Dosimetric accuracy was determined by comparing prostate D90 determined using the algorithm and the ground truth CT‐based seed locations.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation TREs across 20 patients including 1774 seeds were 2.23 ± 0.52 mm (rigid), 1.99 ± 0.49 mm (rigid + affine), and 1.76 ± 0.43 mm (rigid + affine + deformable). The corresponding mean ± standard deviation D90 errors were 5.8 ± 4.8%, 3.4 ± 3.4%, and 2.3 ± 1.9%, respectively. The mean computation time of the registration algorithm was 6.1 s.ConclusionThe registration algorithm accuracy and computation time are sufficient for clinical PPB postimplant dosimetry.
Superconvergence of the direct discontinuous Galerkin method for a time‐fractional initial‐boundary value problem
Authors: Huang Chaobao , Stynes Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA time‐fractional reaction–diffusion initial‐boundary value problem with periodic boundary condition is considered on Q ≔ Ω × [0, T], where Ω is the interval [0, l]. Typical solutions of such problem have a weak singularity at the initial time t = 0. The numerical method of the paper uses a direct discontinuous Galerkin (DDG) finite element method in space on a uniform mesh, with piecewise polynomials of degree k ≥ 2. In the temporal direction we use the L1 approximation of the Caputo derivative on a suitably graded mesh. We prove that at each time level of the mesh, our L1‐DDG solution is superconvergent of order k + 2 in L2(Ω) to a particular projection of the exact solution. Moreover, the L1‐DDG solution achieves superconvergence of order (k + 2) in a discrete L2(Q) norm computed at the Lobatto points, and order (k + 1) superconvergence in a discrete H1(Q) seminorm at the Gauss points; numerical results show that these estimates are sharp.
Stochastic linear quadratic optimal control problem for systems driven by fractional Brownian motions
Authors: Han Yuecai , Sun Yifang 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper is concerned with stochastic linear control systems driven by fractional Brownian motions (fBms) with Hurst parameter H∈(1/2,1) and the cost functional is quadratic with respect to the state and control variables. Here, the integrals with respect to fBms are the type of Stratonovich integrals. A stochastic maximum principle as a necessary condition of the optimal control is derived. The adjoint backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) is driven by the fBms and its underlying standard Brownian motions. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of adjoint BSDE is proved. The explicit form of the unique optimal control is obtained.
Direct analysis of aldehydes and carboxylic acids in the gas phase by negative ionization selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry: Quantification and modelling of ion–molecule reactions
Authors: Ghislain Mylène , Costarramone Nathalie , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Pigot Thierry , Van Den Berg Robin , Lacombe Sylvie , Le Bechec Mickael 
Published: June 2019

RationaleThe concentrations of aldehydes and volatile fatty acids have to be controlled because of their potential harmfulness in indoor air or relationship with the organoleptic properties of agri‐food products. Although several specific analytical methods are currently used, the simultaneous analysis of these compounds in a complex matrix remains a challenge. The combination of positive and negative ionization selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS) allows the accurate, sensitive and high‐frequency analysis of complex gas mixtures of these compounds.MethodsThe ion–molecule reactions of negative precursor ions (OH−, O•−, O2•−, NO2− and NO3−) with five aldehydes and four carboxylic acids were investigated in order to provide product ions and rate constants for the quantification of these compounds by negative ion SIFT‐MS. The results were compared with those obtained by conventional analysis methods and/or with already implemented SIFT‐MS positive ionization methods. The modelling of hydroxide ion (OH−)/molecule reaction paths by ab‐initio calculation allowed a better understanding of these gas‐phase reactions.ResultsDeprotonation systematically occurs by reaction between negative ions and aldehydes or acids, leading to the formation of [M − H]− primary ions. Ab‐initio calculations demonstrated the α‐CH deprotonation of aldehydes and the acidic proton abstraction for fatty acids. For aldehydes, the presence of water in the flow tube leads to the formation of hydrated ions, [M − H]−.H2O. With the NO2− precursor ion, a second reaction channel results in ion–molecule association with the formation of M.NO2− ions.ConclusionsExcept for formaldehyde, all the studied compounds can be quantified by negative ion SIFT‐MS with significant rate constants. In addition to positive ion SIFT‐MS with H3O+, O2+ and NO+ precursor ions, negative ionization with O•−, O2•−, OH−, NO2− and NO3− extends the range of analysis of aldehydes and carboxylic acids in air without a preparation or separation step. This methodology was illustrated by the simultaneous quantification in single‐scan experiments of seven aldehydes and six carboxylic acids released by building materials.
Minimally invasive percutaneous robotic thoracolumbar pedicle screw implantation combined with three‐dimensional fluoroscopy can reduce radiation: A cadaver and phantom study
Authors: Spyrantis Andrea , Cattani Adriano , Seifert Volker , Freiman Thomas M. , Setzer Matthias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveFeasibility of robotic minimal invasive pedicle screw (PS) placement in the thoracolumbar spine using preoperative three‐dimensional (3D) fluoroscopy without computed tomography (CT).MethodsIn three cadavers, 12 pedicle screws were implanted in thoracolumbar segments with the robotic surgery assistant. 3D fluoroscopy was performed for preoperative referencing, planning, and identification of postoperative screw position. The radiation exposure of fluoroscopy and a CT scanner was compared, measuring the CT dose index (CTDIw).ResultsPedicle screw positioning was graded according to the classification of Gertzbein and Robbins: 11 of 12 pedicle screws showed optimal transpedicular position (grade 1) and one was positioned less than 2 mm outside (grade 2). No major deviations were observed. Referencing with 3D fluoroscopy resulted in a CTDIw reduction of 84% in the cervical and 33% in the lumbar spine.ConclusionsRobot‐guided PS placement, using 3D fluoroscopy for referencing, is a reliable tool for minimally invasive PS implantation; radiation exposure can be reduced.
Steric and Electronic Effect on C2‐H Arylation of Sulfonamides
Authors: Bal Ankita , Maiti Saikat , Mal Prasenjit 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe ambident nature of the electrophile generated in a reaction system controls the outcome of a reaction. Electrophilic nitrenium ion which is convertible to carbenium ion via resonance was in situ generated by the reactions of iodine(III)‐reagent PhI(OAc)2 and arylsulfonamides. The nucleophile added in the reaction controls the reaction for the regiospecific ortho C−H arylation or C2‐H arylation. The electron rich arenes react with carbenium ion (electrophiles) to undergo C−H arylation. Electron donating effect (+I or +R effect) of the substituents on sulfonamide stabilizes the carbenium ion to favor oxidative coupling reaction with nucleophiles. Overall, the feasibility of C2‐H arylation of the sulfonamides has been demonstrated by steric and electronic factor that facilitates C−H arylation of sulfonamides.
A Nature‐Inspired, Flexible Substrate Strategy for Future Wearable Electronics
Authors: Zhu Chuang , Chalmers Evelyn , Chen Liming , Wang Yuqi , Xu Ben Bin , Li Yi , Liu Xuqing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFlexibility plays a vital role in wearable electronics. Repeated bending often leads to the dramatic decrease of conductivity because of the numerous microcracks formed in the metal coating layer, which is undesirable for flexible conductors. Herein, conductive textile‐based tactile sensors and metal‐coated polyurethane sponge‐based bending sensors with superior flexibility for monitoring human touch and arm motions are proposed, respectively. Tannic acid, a traditional mordant, is introduced to attach to various flexible substrates, providing a perfect platform for catalyst absorbing and subsequent electroless deposition (ELD). By understanding the nucleation, growth, and structure of electroless metal deposits, the surface morphology of metal nanoparticles can be controlled in nanoscale with simple variation of the plating time. When the electroless plating time is 20 min, the normalized resistance (R/R0) of as‐made conductive fibers is only 1.6, which is much lower than a 60 min ELD sample at the same conditions (R/R0 ≈ 5). This is because a large number of unfilled gaps between nanoparticles prevent metal films from cracking under bending. Importantly, the Kelvin problem is relevant to deposited conductive coatings because metallic cells have a honeycomb‐like structure, which is a rationale to explain the relationships of conductivity and flexibility.