bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Opposition against the Governing Power and the Reigning Regime, from the Perspective of a Parliament Deputy
Authors: Daher Pierre Adib 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With Lebanon on the edge of the outbreak of the Civil War (1975–1990), Najah Wakim, the youngest parliament deputy in the Lebanese parliament of 1972, began a long struggle to first try to prevent the war which was looming in Lebanon and then continued to work after 1975 to put an end to the unjustifiable violence and bloodshed of that period. Wakim stood against all the fighting parties, arousing their hatred and enmity, but he gained the love and respect of most of his fellow-citizens who saw in him honesty and human values for which he always fought. This is the story of Najah Wakim which still continues.
Fighting Racism in the U.S. Military: Dismantling the United States Africa Command
Authors: Campbell Horace G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article reviews the teaching of international relations in relation to the deployment of racist tropes to understand the current war on terror. It elaborates on how the justification for the U.S. Africa Command changed over time from fighting terror to confronting Russia and China in the big power game. The paper argues that the rift in the U.S. military since the January 6, 2021 insurrection is only one manifestation of the coalescing of forces of conservatism who are opposed to the restructuring of the international political economy. The emergence of military forces in West Africa opposed to the U.S. has brought about a discussion about the U.S.A. being pushed to the margins in Africa. This racial project has created global chaos, and the task of scholars dedicated to peace is to push for the dismantling of the U.S. Africa Command as one component of the global anti racist project.
Experimental and numerical studies on the energy absorption characteristics of Al/CFRP corrugated web beams
Authors: Yu Jian , Liang Qianduo , Wang Xinfeng , Wu Jiawei 
Published: November 2024

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used in aircraft crashworthiness structures, but its unstable failure modes limit its energy absorption capability. This study proposes a hybrid aluminum/CFRP (Al/CFRP) corrugated web beam to enhance the energy absorption and progressive collapse under axial impact. Quasi-static crushing experiments were performed on CFRP and Al/CFRP corrugated web beams with 45° crushing triggers. Results revealed that the initial peak load and the total energy absorption of the Al/CFRP corrugated web beam increased by 16.68% and 34.62%, respectively, compared to those of the CFRP corrugated web beam. The specific energy absorption and the crushing force efficiency also improved by 13.22% and 1.51%, respectively. The CFRP corrugated web beam underwent transverse shearing, brittle fracture, and bending failures during crushing, resulting in a decline in energy absorption after a 40 mm displacement due to crack propagation. In contrast, the Al/CFRP corrugated web beam exhibited stable progressive collapse with sustained energy absorption up to a 60 mm displacement, benefiting from the plasticity of the aluminum layer. Detailed finite element models were validated against the experimental results, with the simulated failure morphologies and the energy absorption being consistent. The Al/CFRP corrugated web beam demonstrated superior crashworthiness, progressive collapse, and energy absorption capabilities under impact.
Primary Repair of Chronic Quadriceps Tendon Rupture With Dermal Allograft Augmentation: Surgical Technique and Case Review
Authors: Miller Jordan , Park SeHoon , Urness Daniel , Ayala Alfonso , Bratton Anthony 
Published: November 2024

Background: Repair of chronic quadriceps tendon ruptures has high rates of rerupture and extensor lag. Dermal allograft augmentation of tendon repairs has shown to increase repair strength and healing rates. Indications: We supplement primary quadriceps repair with dermal allograft augmentation in cases where tissue degeneration has occurred secondary to a subacute or chronic nature to help facilitate incorporation of the tendon tissue to bone. Technique Description: The patient is a 30-year-old man who presented with a chronic quadriceps tendon rupture. Intraoperatively, the quadriceps tendon excursion was found to be adequate for primary repair. Two sets of fiber tapes were used to secure the quad tendon with Krackow stitches and were loaded onto 2 suture anchors and placed in the proximal pole of the patella. The medial and lateral anchor sutures and loops were fed through the medial and lateral aspects of the dermal allograft, respectively. To secure the dermal allograft, the stay suture from the medial anchor was passed through the knotless mechanism of the lateral anchor and vice versa. This allowed for a broad area of direct compression of the allograft against the site of repair at the tendon bone interface between the 2 anchors. Results: Chronic quadriceps tendon repairs are known to have poor outcomes with up to 10% rerupture rates and extensor lag of more than 5° in 22% of cases. Several studies have shown that dermal allograft augmentation of tendon repairs increases pullout strength, maximum load to failure, and healing rates. Discussion/Conclusion: Dermal allograft augmentations of chronic quadriceps rupture repair provide a scaffolding for cellular migration and collagen formation to help solidify the bone-tendon interface and may prove useful in addressing the reported high rates of rerupture and extensor lag. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Pulmonary gas exchange in relation to exercise pulmonary hypertension in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Balmain Bryce N. , Tomlinson Andrew R. , Goh Josh T. , MacNamara James P. , Wakeham Denis J. , Brazile Tiffany L. , Leahy Michael G. , Lutz Kevin C. , Hynan Linda S. , Levine Benjamin D. , Sarma Satyam , Babb Tony G. 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundExercise pulmonary hypertension, defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP)/cardiac output (Q̇c) slope >3 WU during exercise, is common in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the pulmonary gas exchange-related effects of an exaggerated exercise pulmonary hypertension (EePH) response are not well defined, especially in relation to dyspnoea on exertion and exercise intolerance.Methods48 HFpEF patients underwent invasive (pulmonary and radial artery catheters) constant-load (20 W) and maximal incremental cycle testing. Haemodynamic measurements (mPAP andQ̇c), arterial blood and expired gases, and ratings of perceived breathlessness (Borg 0–10 scale) were obtained. The mPAP/Q̇cslope was calculated from rest to 20 W. Those with a mPAP/Q̇cslope ≥4.2 (median) were classified as HFpEF+EePH (n=24) and those with a mPAP/Q̇cslope <4.2 were classified as HFpEF (without EePH) (n=24). The alveolar–arterial oxygen tension difference, dead space to tidal volume ratio (Bohr equation) and the minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope (from rest to 20 W) were calculated.ResultsArterial oxygen tension was lower (p=0.03) and dead space to tidal volume ratio was higher (p=0.03) at peak exercise in HFpEF+EePH than in HFpEF. The alveolar–arterial oxygen tension difference was similar at peak exercise between groups (p=0.14); however, patients with HFpEF+EePH achieved the peak alveolar–arterial oxygen tension difference at a lower peak work rate (p<0.01). The minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope was higher in HFpEF+EePH than in HFpEF (p=0.01). Perceived breathlessness was ≥1 unit higher at 20 W and peak oxygen uptake was lower (p<0.01) in HFpEF+EePH than in HFpEF.ConclusionsThese data suggest that EePH contributes to pulmonary gas exchange impairments during exercise by causing a ventilation/perfusion mismatch that provokes both ventilatory inefficiency and hypoxaemia, both of which seem to contribute to dyspnoea on exertion and exercise intolerance in patients with HFpEF.
Generalizability of pharmaceutical randomized controlled trial eligibility criteria for progressive pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Khor Yet H. , Johannson Kerri A. , Marcoux Veronica , Fisher Jolene H. , Assayag Deborah , Manganas Helene , Khalil Nasreen , Marinescu Daniel-Costin , Muller Nestor L. , Kolb Martin , Ryerson Christopher J. 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundProgressive pulmonary fibrosis (PFF) is of substantial interest for novel pharmacotherapy discovery, but little is known about clinical trial eligibility criteria. We evaluated eligibility criteria of PPF randomized controlled trials (RCTs), their representativeness in registry patients, and forced vital capacity (FVC) changes and mortality according to trial eligibility.MethodsA systematic search was used to identify completed and in-progress phase II and III PPF RCTs.Common clinical trial eligibility criteriaused in ≥60% of previous PPF RCTs were identified. The most common criteria for PPF used in RCTs (“trial-PPF criteria”) and the clinical practice guideline definition of PPF (“guideline-PPF criteria”) were both applied to patients enrolled in a prospective multicenter Canadian registry. Common trial eligibility criteria were tested for their frequency and association with health outcomes in registry patients who met trial-PPF and guideline-PPF criteria.ResultsTen different definitions of PPF were used in 16 RCTs. At the time of meeting PPF definitions, 50% of 864 patients with trial-PPF and 44% of 408 patients with guideline-PPF met the common trial eligibility criteria. For both definitions, trial-eligible patients had more rapid 1-year FVC decline but better transplant-free survival than trial-ineligible patients. Patients with unclassifiable interstitial lung disease (ILD) had higher proportion of trial exclusion compared to those with connective tissue disease-associated ILD and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Annual FVC decline (trial-PPF: −67 to −21 mL; guideline-PPF: −116 to −41 mL) and 1-year transplant-free survival (trial-PPF: 90.5 to 97.5%; guideline-PPF: 87 to 96.2%) varied in trial-eligible patients across ILD subtypes.ConclusionsExisting RCTs use a variety of definitions for PPF with eligibility criteria that have limited representativeness. FVC decline and transplant-free survival vary according to trial eligibility and ILD subtypes.
Causes of ventilatory inefficiency in lung resection candidates
Authors: Bartos Stepan , Svoboda Michal , Brat Kristian , Lukes Marek , Predac Adam , Homolka Pavel , Olson Lyle J. , Cundrle Ivan 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionVentilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2) has been shown to predict post-operative pulmonary complications (PPC) in lung resection candidates. VE/VCO2is determined by arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and by dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT). We hypothesized PaCO2and VD/VTcontribute equally to the increase in VE/VCO2in lung resection patients.MethodsConsecutive lung resection candidates from two prior prospective studies were included in this post-hoc analysis. All subjects underwent preoperative spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and arterial blood gas analysis at rest and peak exercise. PPC were prospectively assessed during the first 30 post-operative days, or hospital stay. Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and two-tailed Fisher exact test were used to compare patients with and without PPC. p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsOf 398 patients, PPC developed in 64 (16%). Patients with PPC more frequently underwent lobectomy by open thoracotomy, had longer hospital and ICU length of stay and higher 30- and 90- day mortality. Moreover, patients with PPC exhibited higher VE/VCO2ratio both at rest and peak exercise. Both ratios were independently associated with PPC. At rest, the contribution of PaCO2and VD/VTto the increase in VE/VCO2ratio in patients with PPC was 45% and 55%, respectively. At peak exercise, the contribution of PaCO2and VD/VTto the increase in VE/VCO2ratio was 16% and 84%, respectively.ConclusionsVD/VT(V/Q mismatch and/or rapid shallow breathing pattern) is the dominant contributor to the increase in VE/VCO2in lung resection candidates who develop PPC.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT03498352andNCT04826575
Intra-breath respiratory mechanics of prematurity-associated lung disease phenotypes in school-aged children
Authors: Cousins Michael , Hart Kylie , Radics Bence , Henderson A. John , Hantos Zoltán , Sly Peter D. , Kotecha Sailesh 
Published: November 2024

Intra-breath oscillometry potentially offers detailed information regarding airway function, with increasing magnitude of difference between resistance and reactance at end-expiration to end-inspiration potentially associated with obstructive airway disease, but less is known about specific respiratory mechanics in preterm-born children using this methodology. We investigated if different spirometry phenotypes of prematurity-associated lung disease (PLD) have specific intra-breath oscillometry features.167 school-aged (7–12 years) children, 14 with prematurity-associated obstructive lung disease (POLD; FEV1<LLN, FEV1/FVC<LLN), 11 with prematurity-associated preserved ratio of impaired spirometry (pPRISm; FEV1<LLN, FEV1/FVC≥LLN), 90 preterm controls (FEV1≥LLN) and 52 term controls, performed intra-breath oscillometry at baseline, following maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing and following post-exercise bronchodilation.Children with POLD showed greater resistance and more negative reactance throughout the respiratory cycle, including at zero-flow states of end-expiration and end-inspiration. The difference between end-expiration and end-inspiration did not show differences between groups, until corrected for tidal volume, whereby children with POLD and pPRISM both demonstrated approximately two-fold greater difference compared to both preterm and term controls for resistance (2.24 and 2.22versus1.28 and 1.11 hPa.s·L−1), and in particular a greater magnitude of difference for reactance for children with POLDversuspreterm and term controls only (−1.58versus−0.26 and 0.03 hPa.s·L−1).Intra-breath respiratory mechanics for preterm-born children with obstructive lung phenotype have greater impedance throughout the respiratory cycle, features different to those observed in children with other wheeze phenotypes including preschool wheeze and asthma.
Non-take-up of in-work benefits: determinants, benefit erosion and indexing
Authors: Muñoz-Higueras Diego , Köppe Stephan , Granell Rafael , Fuenmayor Amadeo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNon-take-up of welfare schemes is a key concern of policy effectiveness. Building on studies that have shown the low take-up of minimum income schemes, our case study of Ireland’s Working Family Payment is the first to analyse non-take-up of an in-work benefit and its determinants with a special focus on labour market factors. Based on EU-SILC (2014–2019) we estimate a non-take-up rate between 63 and 76%, which poses a major obstacle for effective poverty prevention. Moreover, we stress that non-take-up of in-work benefits differs to minimum income schemes. We provide new evidence on how labour market characteristics play an important role in explaining non-take-up, especially self-employment and the interaction with unemployment benefits. Benefit erosion is a key factor in declining eligibility, which should be addressed by indexing wages and prices. Furthermore, we propose policy reforms around automatic enrolment or tax credits to mitigate non-take-up and alleviate in-work poverty.
Time-dependent bag of words on manifolds for geodesic-based classification of video activities towards assisted living and healthcare
Authors: Yun Yixiao , Gu Irene Yu-Hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we address the problem of classifying activities of daily living (ADL) in video. The basic idea of the proposed method is to treat each human activity in the video as a temporal sequence of points on a Riemannian manifold and classify such time series with a geodesic-based kernel. The main novelties of this paper are summarized as follows: (a) for each frame of a video, low-level features of body pose and human-object interaction are unified by a covariance matrix, i.e., a manifold point in the space of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices $Sym_{+}^{d}$
Sy

m

+

d

; (b) a time-dependent bag-of-words (BoW+T) model is built, where its codebook is generated by clustering per-frame covariance matrices on $Sym_{+}^{d}$
Sy

m

+

d

; (c) for each video, high-level BoW+T features are extracted from its corresponding sequence of per-frame covariance matrices; and (d) for activity classification, a positive definite kernel is formulated, taking into account the underlying geometry of our BoW+T features, i.e., the unit n-sphere. Experiments were conducted on two video datasets. The first dataset contains 8 activity classes with a total of 943 videos, and the second one contains 7 activity classes with a total of 224 videos. The proposed method achieved high accuracy (average 89.66%) and small false alarms (average 1.43%) on the first dataset. Comparison with six exisiting methods on the second dataset showed further evidence on the effectiveness of the proposed method.
High rates of violence and low police reporting amongst sex workers in the Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kloek Mariëlle , de Vlas Sake J. , Hontelez Jan A. C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
During the COVID-19 pandemic, sex work in the Netherlands was forbidden for many months, yet most sex workers were not eligible for governmental financial support. Therefore, many were forced to continue working illegally, likely leading to unsafe work conditions. We determined sex workers’ experienced violence and police reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Data were collected through an online, anonymous survey (N = 173) covering background characteristics, the financial impact of the COVID-19 control measures, experienced sexual and/or physical violence, and police reporting in relation to experienced violence in 2021. We analyzed the data through descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis. Contextualization was achieved through online focus group discussions (FGDs; N = 3 covering a total of 14 sex workers and 4 social/health workers).

Results
In total, 41% (n/N = 71/173) of sex workers reported at least one form of violence, and those facing severe financial problems due to the COVID-19 containment measures were significantly more likely to report violence (adjusted OR: 2.7, CI 1.0–7.2, p = 0.049) compared to those without financial problems. Only 9% of those having reason to file charges officially did so. FGDs explained that violence was high due to the unsafe working conditions, and police reporting was low because police were more concerned with enforcing COVID-19 sex work restrictions rather than with prioritizing the safety and well-being of sex workers.

Discussion
We found high rates of reported violence and low police reporting among sex workers in The Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic, and COVID-19 control measures and enforcement likely contributed to these unsafe conditions. Safeguarding the safety of sex workers during future crises demands legislation grounded in human rights principles. This includes measures such as mitigating income loss during prohibition of sex work, and shifting police focus towards protecting rather than prosecuting sex workers engaged in illegal sex work.
Insights into larval development and protein biochemical alterations of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) following Beauveria bassiana and Solanum lycopersicum treatments
Authors: Abd-Allah Ghada E. , Moustafa Moataz A. M. , Ahmed Fatma S. , El-said Eman , Elqady Enayat M. , Abou El-Khashab Lina A. , Salem Hend H. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The polyphagous notorious pest, black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), cause significant production losses due to its distinctive feeding and hiding behavior, making it particularly challenging to control it with conventional methods. Therefore, sustainable agriculture demands more effective and environmentally safe pest control solutions. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of two insecticide alternatives, the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Beauveria bassiana and Solanum lycopersicum extract (Tomato plant crude extract, TPCE), using two bioassay methods: the poisoned bait method and the leaf dipping method. In addition, the impact of these biological tools on larval development and protein profiles was evaluated.

Results
The bait application of both tested materials exhibited higher toxicity than the leaf dipping method, as indicated by the toxicity index. The LC50 values for B. bassiana were 1.6 × 10⁸ and 1.8 × 10⁶ conidia ml−1 using the leaf dipping method and poisoned baits method, respectively. For TPCE, the LC50 values were 4.35 and 1.51 mg ml−1 for the same methods, respectively. In addition, sublethal concentrations of both materials altered the larval and pupal durations. B. bassiana significantly reduced the concentration of larval hemolymph protein. A maximum of 12 protein bands in the control sample, with molecular weights (Mw) ranging between 35 and 120 kDa, were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). In B. bassiana-treated larvae, ten bands were detected with Mw ranging from 35 to 120 kDa. At least seven bands were detected in TPCE-treated larvae, with Mw ranging from 35 to 97 kDa.

Conclusions
The findings of this study can be integrated into management programs for A. ipsilon. In addition, the availability of B. bassiana and TPCE in Egypt and their cost-effectiveness as insecticide alternatives support their use in the management programs of this critical pest. These methods are particularly effective when applied in bait form.

Graphical Abstract