bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Cenozoic unification of East and West Antarctica
Authors: Granot Roi , Dyment Jérôme 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe kinematic evolution of the West Antarctic rift system has important consequences for regional and global geodynamics. However, due to the lack of Neogene seafloor spreading at the plate boundary and despite being poorly resolved, East-West Antarctic motion was assumed to have ended abruptly at 26 million years ago. Here we present marine magnetic data collected near the northern edge of the rift system showing that motion between East and West Antarctica lasted until the middle Neogene (~11 million years ago), long after the cessation of the known mid-Cenozoic pulse of motion. We calculate new rotation parameters for the early Neogene that provide the kinematic framework to understand the varied lithospheric settings of the Transantarctic Mountains and the tectono–volcanic activity within the rift. Incorporation of the Antarctic plate motion into the global plate circuit has major implications for the predicted Neogene motion of the Pacific Plate relative to the rest of the plates.
Identification of recurrent USP48 and BRAF mutations in Cushing’s disease
Authors: Chen Jianhua , Jian Xuemin , Deng Siyu , Ma Zengyi , Shou Xuefei , Shen Yue , Zhang Qilin , Song Zhijian , Li Zhiqiang , Peng Hong , Peng Cheng , Chen Min , Luo Cheng , Zhao Dan , Ye Zhao , Shen Ming , Zhang Yichao , Zhou Juan , Fahira Aamir , Wang Yongfei , Li Shiqi , Zhang Zhaoyun , Ye Hongying , Li Yiming , Shen Jiawei , Chen Hong , Tang Feng , Yao Zhenwei , Shi Zhifeng , Chen Chunjui , Xie Lu , Wang Ye , Fu Chaowei , Mao Ying , Zhou Liangfu , Gao Daming , Yan Hai , Zhao Yao , Huang Chuanxin , Shi Yongyong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCushing’s disease results from corticotroph adenomas of the pituitary that hypersecrete adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), leading to excess glucocorticoid and hypercortisolism. Mutations of the deubiquitinase gene USP8 occur in 35–62% of corticotroph adenomas. However, the major driver mutations in USP8 wild-type tumors remain elusive. Here, we report recurrent mutations in the deubiquitinase gene USP48 (predominantly encoding p.M415I or p.M415V; 21/91 subjects) and BRAF (encoding p.V600E; 15/91 subjects) in corticotroph adenomas with wild-type USP8. Similar to USP8 mutants, both USP48 and BRAF mutants enhance the promoter activity and transcription of the gene encoding proopiomelanocortin (POMC), which is the precursor of ACTH, providing a potential mechanism for ACTH overproduction in corticotroph adenomas. Moreover, primary corticotroph tumor cells harboring BRAF V600E are sensitive to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Our study thus contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis of corticotroph adenoma and informs therapeutic targets for this disease.
Role of VTA dopamine neurons and neuroligin 3 in sociability traits related to nonfamiliar conspecific interaction
Authors: Bariselli Sebastiano , Hörnberg Hanna , Prévost-Solié Clément , Musardo Stefano , Hatstatt-Burklé Laetitia , Scheiffele Peter , Bellone Camilla 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAtypical habituation and aberrant exploration of novel stimuli have been related to the severity of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but the underlying neuronal circuits are unknown. Here we show that chemogenetic inhibition of dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) attenuates exploration toward nonfamiliar conspecifics and interferes with the reinforcing properties of nonfamiliar conspecific interaction in mice. Exploration of nonfamiliar stimuli is associated with the insertion of GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors at excitatory synapses on VTA DA neurons. These synaptic adaptations persist upon repeated exposure to social stimuli and sustain conspecific interaction. Global or VTA DA neuron-specific loss of the ASD-associated synaptic adhesion molecule neuroligin 3 alters the behavioral response toward nonfamiliar conspecifics and the reinforcing properties of conspecific interaction. These behavioral deficits are accompanied by an aberrant expression of AMPA receptors and an occlusion of synaptic plasticity. Altogether, these findings link impaired exploration of nonfamiliar conspecifics to VTA DA neuron dysfunction in mice.
Perturbation to the nitrogen cycle during rapid Early Eocene global warming
Authors: Junium Christopher K. , Dickson Alexander J. , Uveges Benjamin T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe degree to which ocean deoxygenation will alter the function of marine communities remains unclear but may be best constrained by detailed study of intervals of rapid warming in the geologic past. The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was an interval of rapid warming that was the result of increasing contents of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that had wide ranging effects on ecosystems globally. Here, we present stable nitrogen isotope data from the Eastern Peri-Tethys Ocean that record a significant transition in the nitrogen cycle. At the initiation of the PETM, the nitrogen isotopic composition of sediments decreased by ~6‰ to as low as −3.4‰, signaling reorganization of the marine nitrogen cycle. Warming, changes in ocean circulation, and deoxygenation caused a transition to nitrogen cycle to conditions that were most similar to those experienced during Oceanic Anoxic Events of the Mesozoic.
T cell-intrinsic IL-1R signaling licenses effector cytokine production by memory CD4 T cells
Authors: Jain Aakanksha , Song Ran , Wakeland Edward K. , Pasare Chandrashekhar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInnate cytokines are critical drivers of priming and differentiation of naive CD4 T cells, but their functions in memory T cell response are largely undefined. Here we show that IL-1 acts as a licensing signal to permit effector cytokine production by pre-committed Th1 (IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-13, IL-4, and IL-5) and Th17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22) lineage cells. This licensing function of IL-1 is conserved across effector CD4 T cells generated by diverse immunological insults. IL-1R signaling stabilizes cytokine transcripts to enable productive and rapid effector functions. We also demonstrate that successful lineage commitment does not translate into productive effector functions in the absence of IL-1R signaling. Acute abrogation of IL-1R signaling in vivo results in reduced IL-17A production by intestinal Th17 cells. These results extend the role of innate cytokines beyond CD4 T cell priming and establish IL-1 as a licensing signal for memory CD4 T cell function.
Genome-wide association study identifies multiple new loci associated with Ewing sarcoma susceptibility
Authors: Machiela Mitchell J. , Grünewald Thomas G. P. , Surdez Didier , Reynaud Stephanie , Mirabeau Olivier , Karlins Eric , Rubio Rebeca Alba , Zaidi Sakina , Grossetete-Lalami Sandrine , Ballet Stelly , Lapouble Eve , Laurence Valérie , Michon Jean , Pierron Gaelle , Kovar Heinrich , Gaspar Nathalie , Kontny Udo , González-Neira Anna , Picci Piero , Alonso Javier , Patino-Garcia Ana , Corradini Nadège , Bérard Perrine Marec , Freedman Neal D. , Rothman Nathaniel , Dagnall Casey L. , Burdett Laurie , Jones Kristine , Manning Michelle , Wyatt Kathleen , Zhou Weiyin , Yeager Meredith , Cox David G. , Hoover Robert N. , Khan Javed , Armstrong Gregory T. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Bhatia Smita , Robison Leslie L. , Kulozik Andreas E. , Kriebel Jennifer , Meitinger Thomas , Metzler Markus , Hartmann Wolfgang , Strauch Konstantin , Kirchner Thomas , Dirksen Uta , Morton Lindsay M. , Mirabello Lisa , Tucker Margaret A. , Tirode Franck , Chanock Stephen J. , Delattre Olivier 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEwing sarcoma (EWS) is a pediatric cancer characterized by the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion. We performed a genome-wide association study of 733 EWS cases and 1346 unaffected individuals of European ancestry. Our study replicates previously reported susceptibility loci at 1p36.22, 10q21.3 and 15q15.1, and identifies new loci at 6p25.1, 20p11.22 and 20p11.23. Effect estimates exhibit odds ratios in excess of 1.7, which is high for cancer GWAS, and striking in light of the rarity of EWS cases in familial cancer syndromes. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses identify candidate genes at 6p25.1 (RREB1) and 20p11.23 (KIZ). The 20p11.22 locus is near NKX2-2, a highly overexpressed gene in EWS. Interestingly, most loci reside near GGAA repeat sequences and may disrupt binding of the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion protein. The high locus to case discovery ratio from 733 EWS cases suggests a genetic architecture in which moderate risk SNPs constitute a significant fraction of risk.
A Late Cretaceous amber biota from central Myanmar
Authors: Zheng Daran , Chang Su-Chin , Perrichot Vincent , Dutta Suryendu , Rudra Arka , Mu Lin , Thomson Ulysses , Li Sha , Zhang Qi , Zhang Qingqing , Wong Jean , Wang Jun , Wang He , Fang Yan , Zhang Haichun , Wang Bo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInsect faunas are extremely rare near the latest Cretaceous with a 24-million-year gap spanning from the early Campanian to the early Eocene. Here, we report a unique amber biota from the Upper Cretaceous (uppermost Campanian ~72.1 Ma) of Tilin, central Myanmar. The chemical composition of Tilin amber suggests a tree source among conifers, indicating that gymnosperms were still abundant in the latest Campanian equatorial forests. Eight orders and 12 families of insects have been found in Tilin amber so far, making it the latest known diverse insect assemblage in the Mesozoic. The presence of ants of the extant subfamilies Dolichoderinae and Ponerinae supports that tropical forests were the cradle for the diversification of crown-group ants, and suggests that the turnover from stem groups to crown groups had already begun at ~72.1 Ma. Tilin amber biota fills a critical insect faunal gap and provides a rare insight into the latest Campanian forest ecosystem.
Post-drought decline of the Amazon carbon sink
Authors: Yang Yan , Saatchi Sassan S. , Xu Liang , Yu Yifan , Choi Sungho , Phillips Nathan , Kennedy Robert , Keller Michael , Knyazikhin Yuri , Myneni Ranga B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAmazon forests have experienced frequent and severe droughts in the past two decades. However, little is known about the large-scale legacy of droughts on carbon stocks and dynamics of forests. Using systematic sampling of forest structure measured by LiDAR waveforms from 2003 to 2008, here we show a significant loss of carbon over the entire Amazon basin at a rate of 0.3 ± 0.2 (95% CI) PgC yr−1 after the 2005 mega-drought, which continued persistently over the next 3 years (2005–2008). The changes in forest structure, captured by average LiDAR forest height and converted to above ground biomass carbon density, show an average loss of 2.35 ± 1.80 MgC ha−1 a year after (2006) in the epicenter of the drought. With more frequent droughts expected in future, forests of Amazon may lose their role as a robust sink of carbon, leading to a significant positive climate feedback and exacerbating warming trends.
PI3Kδ hyper-activation promotes development of B cells that exacerbate Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in an antibody-independent manner
Authors: Stark Anne-Katrien , Chandra Anita , Chakraborty Krishnendu , Alam Rafeah , Carbonaro Valentina , Clark Jonathan , Sriskantharajah Srividya , Bradley Glyn , Richter Alex G. , Banham-Hall Edward , Clatworthy Menna R. , Nejentsev Sergey , Hamblin J. Nicole , Hessel Edith M. , Condliffe Alison M. , Okkenhaug Klaus 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniaeis a major cause of pneumonia and a leading cause of death world-wide. Antibody-mediated immune responses can confer protection against repeated exposure toS. pneumoniae, yet vaccines offer only partial protection. Patients with Activated PI3Kδ Syndrome (APDS) are highly susceptible toS. pneumoniae. We generated a conditional knock-in mouse model of this disease and identify a CD19+B220−B cell subset that is induced by PI3Kδ signaling, resides in the lungs, and is correlated with increased susceptibility toS. pneumoniaeduring early phases of infection via an antibody-independent mechanism. We show that an inhaled PI3Kδ inhibitor improves survival rates followingS. pneumoniaeinfection in wild-type mice and in mice with activated PI3Kδ. These results suggest that a subset of B cells in the lung can promote the severity ofS. pneumoniaeinfection, representing a potential therapeutic target.
High-resolution visualization of H3 variants during replication reveals their controlled recycling
Authors: Clément Camille , Orsi Guillermo A. , Gatto Alberto , Boyarchuk Ekaterina , Forest Audrey , Hajj Bassam , Miné-Hattab Judith , Garnier Mickaël , Gurard-Levin Zachary A. , Quivy Jean-Pierre , Almouzni Geneviève 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDNA replication is a challenge for the faithful transmission of parental information to daughter cells, as both DNA and chromatin organization must be duplicated. Replication stress further complicates the safeguard of epigenome integrity. Here, we investigate the transmission of the histone variants H3.3 and H3.1 during replication. We follow their distribution relative to replication timing, first in the genome and, second, in 3D using super-resolution microscopy. We find that H3.3 and H3.1 mark early- and late-replicating chromatin, respectively. In the nucleus, H3.3 forms domains, which decrease in density throughout replication, while H3.1 domains increase in density. Hydroxyurea impairs local recycling of parental histones at replication sites. Similarly, depleting the histone chaperone ASF1 affects recycling, leading to an impaired histone variant landscape. We discuss how faithful transmission of histone variants involves ASF1 and can be impacted by replication stress, with ensuing consequences for cell fate and tumorigenesis.
Quantum coherence of multiple excitons governs absorption cross-sections of PbS/CdS core/shell nanocrystals
Authors: Tahara Hirokazu , Sakamoto Masanori , Teranishi Toshiharu , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMultiple excitons in semiconductor nanocrystals have been extensively studied with respect to unique carrier dynamics including quantized Auger recombination and implementation in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and photodetectors. However, the generation mechanism of multiple excitons still remains unclear. Here, we study instantaneous and delayed multiple exciton generation processes in PbS/CdS core/shell nanocrystals. The absorption cross-sections of biexcitons and triexcitons are identical to that of single excitons under instantaneous excitation with a single pulse. In contrast, the delayed excitation using double pulses shows a reduction of the biexciton and triexciton absorption cross-sections. Our theoretical analysis reveals that the excitonic coherence assists the generation of multiple excitons and that the reduction of multiple exciton absorption cross-sections is caused by the reduction of coherent excitation pathways. We clarify that exciton coherences play a key role in multiple exciton generation processes and seamlessly connect the identical and reduced multiple exciton absorption cross-sections.
Resistance to retinopathy development in obese, diabetic and hypertensive ZSF1 rats: an exciting model to identify protective genes
Authors: Caolo Vincenza , Roblain Quentin , Lecomte Julie , Carai Paolo , Peters Linsey , Cuijpers Ilona , Robinson Emma Louise , Derks Kasper , Sergeys Jurgen , Noël Agnès , Jones Elizabeth A. V. , Moons Lieve , Heymans Stephane 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes, which eventually leads to blindness. Up to date, no animal model has yet shown all the co-morbidities often observed in DR patients. Here, we investigated whether obese 42 weeks old ZSF1 rat, which spontaneously develops diabetes, hypertension and obesity, would be a suitable model to study DR. Although arteriolar tortuosity increased in retinas from obese as compared to lean (hypertensive only) ZSF1 rats, vascular density pericyte coverage, microglia number, vascular morphology and retinal thickness were not affected by diabetes. These results show that, despite high glucose levels, obese ZSF1 rats did not develop DR. Such observations prompted us to investigate whether the expression of genes, possibly able to contain DR development, was affected. Accordingly, mRNA sequencing analysis showed that genes (i.e. Npy and crystallins), known to have a protective role, were upregulated in retinas from obese ZSF1 rats. Lack of retina damage, despite obesity, hypertension and diabetes, makes the 42 weeks of age ZSF1 rats a suitable animal model to identify genes with a protective function in DR. Further characterisation of the identified genes and downstream pathways could provide more therapeutic targets for the treat DR.
Tetrahedral honeycomb surface reconstructions of quartz, cristobalite and stishovite
Authors: Feya Oleg D. , Wang Qinggao , Lepeshkin Sergey V. , Baturin Vladimir S. , Uspenskii Yurii A. , Oganov Artem R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCrystalline silica (SiO2) is a major material used in many technologies, yet the exact surface structures of silica polymorphs are still mostly unknown. Here we perform a comprehensive study of surface reconstructions of α-cristobalite (001), α-quartz (001) and stishovite (110) and (100) using evolutionary algorithm USPEX in conjunction with ab initio calculations. We found the well-known “dense surface” to be among low-energy reconstructions of α-quartz (001), as well as its previously proposed distorted version, which we call “shifted surface”. For cristobalite and stishovite we show the formation of reconstructions without dangling bonds which share common features with well-known “dense surface” of α-quartz (001). We call them “dense cristobalite” and “dense stishovite” – all of these have honeycomb arrangements of corner-sharing SiO4-tetrahedra in the surface layers. These tetrahedral honeycombs have very low surface energies, and such tetrahedral surface pattern is observed even in stishovite (the bulk structure of which has SiO6-octahedra, rather than SiO4-tetrahedra).
The Role of Nano-domains in {1–011} Twinned Martensite in Metastable Titanium Alloys
Authors: Lee Sangwon , Park Chanhee , Hong Jaekeun , Yeom Jong-taek 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe formation mechanism of $${\{\bar{{\bf{1}}}{\bf{011}}\}}_{{\boldsymbol{\alpha }}{\boldsymbol{^{\prime} }}}$$

{

1
¯

011
}

α
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type twinned α′-martensitic structures was investigated in titanium alloys, and in-depth characterizations of the microstructures were performed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The randomly distributed nano-domains nucleated by water quenching were sheared during the primary martensite transformation. Experimental results revealed that this sheared nano-domain interferes with the primary martensite transformation and induces a secondary martensite transformation. In terms of crystallography, the secondary martensite transformed from the sheared nano-domain has a $${\{\bar{{\bf{1}}}{\bf{011}}\}}_{{\boldsymbol{\alpha }}{\boldsymbol{^{\prime} }}}$$

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011
}

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type twin relationship with the primary martensite. The growth of both martensites yielded a more twinned martensitic structure as the applied strain increased.
A nuclear-encoded protein, mTERF6, mediates transcription termination of rpoA polycistron for plastid-encoded RNA polymerase-dependent chloroplast gene expression and chloroplast development
Authors: Zhang Yi , Cui Yong-Lan , Zhang Xiao-Lei , Yu Qing-Bo , Wang Xi , Yuan Xin-Bo , Qin Xue-Mei , He Xiao-Fang , Huang Chao , Yang Zhong-Nan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe expression of plastid genes is regulated by two types of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) and nuclear-encoded RNA polymerase (NEP). The plastid rpoA polycistron encodes a series of essential chloroplast ribosome subunits and a core subunit of PEP. Despite the functional importance, little is known about the regulation of rpoA polycistron. In this work, we show that mTERF6 directly associates with a 3′-end sequence of rpoA polycistron in vitro and in vivo, and that absence of mTERF6 promotes read-through transcription at this site, indicating that mTERF6 acts as a factor required for termination of plastid genes’ transcription in vivo. In addition, the transcriptions of some essential ribosome subunits encoded by rpoA polycistron and PEP-dependent plastid genes are reduced in the mterf6 knockout mutant. RpoA, a PEP core subunit, accumulates to about 50% that of the wild type in the mutant, where early chloroplast development is impaired. Overall, our functional analyses of mTERF6 provide evidence that it is more likely a factor required for transcription termination of rpoA polycistron, which is essential for chloroplast gene expression and chloroplast development.
Monetary Incentives Modulate Feedback-related Brain Activity
Authors: Mei Shuting , Li Qi , Liu Xun , Zheng Ya 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrevious research has shown that feedback evaluation is sensitive to monetary incentive. We investigated whether this sensitivity is driven by motivational salience (the difference between both rewarding and punishing events versus neutral events) or by motivational valence (the difference between rewarding and punishing events). Fifty-seven participants performed a monetary incentive delay task under a gain context, a loss context, and a neutral context with their electroencephalogram recorded. During the time domain, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) showed a motivational salience effect whereas the P3 displayed a reward valence effect. During the time-frequency domain, we observed a motivational salience effect for phase-locked theta power regardless of performance feedback, but a reward valence effect for non-phase-locked theta power in response to unsuccessful feedback. Moreover, we found a reward valence effect for phase-locked delta. These findings thus suggest that the affective modulation on feedback evaluation can be driven either by motivational valence or by motivational salience, which depends on the temporal dynamics (the FRN vs. the P3), the frequency dynamics (theta vs. delta power), as well as the phase dynamics (evoked vs. induced power).
Short and Long-Term Potential Role of Carbon Nanoparticles in Total Thyroidectomy with Central Lymph Node Dissection
Authors: Xue Shuai , Ren Peiyou , Wang Peisong , Chen Guang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhether we should use carbon nanoparticle (CN) routinely in thyroid surgery is still controversial. 406 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) with bilateral central lymph node dissection (CLND) from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia in CN group was significantly lower than the control group at second, fifth day after surgery (P = 0.004, 0.042, 0.002 and 0.045 respectively). However, no significant difference existed between the two groups about the permanent hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia (P = 1.000). Total number of central lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes in CN group were more than those in control group (P = 0.031 and 0.038 respectively). However, recurrence was not significantly different between the two groups after at least 5-year follow up (P = 0.7917). In the subgroup of prophylactic and therapeutic CLND study, no significant difference existed between the two groups (P = 0.5295 and 0.8459 respectively). CN significantly help in identifying the parathyroid glands in surgery and increased the number of lymph nodes in central compartment. However, we should not exaggerate the function of CN since it couldn’t improve the permanent hypoparathyroidism and recurrence in PTC patients who underwent TT with bilateral CLND.