bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen‐Doped CoP Electrocatalysts for Coupled Hydrogen Evolution and Sulfur Generation with Low Energy Consumption
Authors: Zhou Qingwen , Shen Zihan , Zhu Chao , Li Jiachen , Ding Zhiyuan , Wang Peng , Pan Feng , Zhang Zhiyong , Ma Haixia , Wang Shuangyin , Zhang Huigang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHydrogen production is the key step for the future hydrogen economy. As a promising H2 production route, electrolysis of water suffers from high overpotentials and high energy consumption. This study proposes an N‐doped CoP as the novel and effective electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and constructs a coupled system for simultaneous hydrogen and sulfur production. Nitrogen doping lowers the d‐band of CoP and weakens the H adsorption on the surface of CoP because of the strong electronegativity of nitrogen as compared to phosphorus. The H adsorption that is close to thermos‐neutral states enables the effective electrolysis of the HER. Only −42 mV is required to drive a current density of −10 mA cm−2 for the HER. The oxygen evolution reaction in the anode is replaced by the oxidation reaction of Fe2+, which is regenerated by a coupled H2S absorption reaction. The coupled system can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the HER and recover useful sulfur sources.
Networked Cages for Enhanced CO2 Capture and Sensing
Authors: Wang Zhen , Ma Hui , Zhai Tian‐Long , Cheng Guang , Xu Qian , Liu Jun‐Min , Yang Jiakuan , Zhang Qing‐Mei , Zhang Qing‐Pu , Zheng Yan‐Song , Tan Bien , Zhang Chun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt remains a great challenge to design and synthesize a porous material for CO2 capture and sensing simultaneously. Herein, strategy of “cage to frameworks” is demonstrated to synthesize fluorescent porous organic polymer (pTOC) by using tetraphenylethylene‐based oxacalixarene cage (TOC) as the monomer. The networked cages (pTOC) have improved porous properties, including Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and CO2 capture compared with its monomer TOC, because the polymerization overcomes the window‐to‐arene packing modes of cages and turns on their pores. Moreover, pTOC displays prominent reversible fluorescence enhancement in the presence of CO2 in different dispersion systems and fluorescence recovery for CO2 release in the presence of NH3·H2O, and is thus very effective to detect and quantify the fractions of CO2 in a gaseous mixtures.
A Sustainable Approach to Flexible Electronics with Zinc‐Tin Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Fernandes Cristina , Santa Ana , Santos Ângelo , Bahubalindruni Pydi , Deuermeier Jonas , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira , Barquinha Pedro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractZinc‐tin oxide (ZTO) is widely invoked as a promising indium and gallium‐free alternative for amorphous oxide semiconductor based thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The main bottleneck of this semiconductor material compared to mainstream indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) is centered in the larger processing temperatures required to achieve acceptable performance (>300 °C), not compatible with low‐cost flexible substrates. This work reports for the first time flexible amorphous‐ZTO TFTs processed at a maximum temperature of 180 °C. Different aspects are explored to obtain performance levels comparable to IGZO devices at these low processing temperatures, such as hydrogen incorporation during ZTO sputtering and integration with a high‐κ multilayer/multicomponent dielectric. Close‐to‐zero turn‐on voltage, field‐effect mobility ≈5 cm2 V−1 s−1, and subthreshold slope of 0.26 V dec−1 are obtained. Stability under negative‐bias‐illumination stress is dramatically improved with hydrogen incorporation in ZTO and device performance is insensitive to bending under a radius of curvature of 15 mm. Inverters using the ZTO TFTs enable rail‐to‐rail operation with supply voltage V
DD as low as 5 V, while a differential amplifier with positive feedback loop provides a gain of 17 dB and unity gain frequency of 40 kHz, limited by the large gate‐to‐source and gate‐to‐drain overlaps used herein.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation of Arenes with Olefins in Water
Authors: Mukherjee Kallol , Ramesh E. , Ghosh Koushik , Sahoo Akhila K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA Ru‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of arenes in an aqueous medium is presented herein. With the aid of methyl phenyl sulfoximine or an amide directing group, this atom‐efficient hydroarylation of arenes ensued dihydrobenzofuran derivatives. Sequential double hydroarylation of arene motifs resulted in highly peripheral‐decorated heterocycles. Deuterium labeling studies and control experiments offer valuable information in understanding the reactivity and the mechanistic data.
Using kidney size for early detection of contrast‐induced nephropathy in the emergency department setting
Authors: Hongo Takashi , Tsuchiya Midori , Inaba Mototaka , Takahashi Kenji , Nozaki Satoshi , Fujiwara Toshifumi , Hiramatsu Makoto 
Published: May 2018

AimWe aimed to examine the relationship between kidney size and contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients who underwent contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) in the emergency department.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective observational study was undertaken to evaluate risk factors for CIN at Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital (Okayama, Japan) from January 2014 through to December 2016. Contrast‐induced nephropathy was defined as an absolute increase in serum creatinine level of ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% over the baseline value within 72 h after contrast‐enhanced CT. Independent risk factors for CIN were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. The thickness of the kidney was evaluated as a predictor of CIN using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We also analyzed CIN as an outcome using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe incidence of CIN was 26/262 (9.9%). In the multivariate analysis, CIN was associated with renal thickness (odds ratio = 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.81). No patient underwent renal replacement therapy.ConclusionRenal thickness could be used as a reliable, simple, and easily obtainable marker for identifying CIN in patients undergoing contrast‐enhanced CT in the emergency department.
Synthesis and characterization of Ni (II) complexes supported by phenoxy/naphthoxy‐imine ligands with pendant N‐ and O‐donor groups and their use in ethylene oligomerization
Authors: de Oliveira L.L. , da Silva S.M. , Casagrande A.C.A. , Stieler R. , Casagrande O.L. 
Published: May 2018

A series of new Ni(II) complexes of general formula Ni{ZNO} Br (2a‐i) (ZNO = phenoxy/naphthoxy‐imine with pendant N‐ and O‐donor groups) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, ESI‐HRMS, and by X‐ray crystallography for 2e. In the solid state, 2e features a monomeric structure with κ3 coordination of the monoanionic naphthoxy‐imine‐quinoline ligand onto the nickel center. Upon activation with MAO, both classes of nickel catalysts were able to produce selectively 1‐butene (81.5–92.1 wt%) with turnover frequencies (TOFs) varying from 3,100 to 24,300 mol(C2H4) mol (Ni)−1 h−1. Nickel precatalysts bearing phenoxy‐imine ligands were much more active than its naphthoxy analogous under the same conditions.The use of a mixture of cocatalysts (MAO/TMA or MAO/TiBA) resulted in poor activities; however the presence of TiBA in the milieu led to a significant improvement on selectivity for 1‐hexene (25.5 wt%). Under optimized conditions ([Ni] = 10 μmol, 30 °C, oligomerization time = 5 min, 20 bar ethylene, [Al]/[Ni] = 600), precatalyst 2c led to TOF = 59,900 mol(C2H4) mol(Ni)−1 h−1 and selectivity for 1‐butene of 89.5 wt%.
Photo‐mediated metal free atom transfer radical polymerization of acrylamide in water
Authors: Liu Lichao , Yi Yongsub 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTPhoto‐mediated metal free atom transfer radical polymerization of acrylamide was conducted at 25 °C in water under visible light irradiation with water soluble 2‐hydroxy‐3‐(4‐benzoylphenoxy)‐N,N,N‐trimethyl‐1‐propaminium chloride (HBTPC) as photoredox catalyst and 2‐hydroxyethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate as alkyl halide. The polymerization followed first‐order reaction kinetics. The living character of photo‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization of acrylamide was verified by the linear development of the polymer number average molar mass (Mn,GPC) with monomer conversion and narrow molecular weight distributions (Đ). The effects of acrylamide concentration, light intensity, amount of HBTPC, and tris(2‐dimethylaminoethyl)amine on polymerization were investigated. Increasing monomer concentration led to a higher Mn,GPC values with narrow Đ. The polymerization rate increased with increasing the amount of monomer, light intensity, HBTPC and tris(2‐dimethylaminoethyl)amine. The polymerization was monitored by the periodic light on/off. The structure of polyacrylamide was analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and gel permeation chromatography. Successful chain extension experiments show the controlled nature of the polymerization. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46567.
Very‐high‐resolution electrical resistivity imaging of buried foundations of a Roman villa near Nonnweiler, Germany
Authors: Al‐Saadi Osamah Saad , Schmidt Volkmar , Becken Michael , Fritsch Thomas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractElectrical resistivity tomography (ERT) methods have been increasingly used in various shallow depth archaeological prospections in the last few decades. These non‐invasive techniques can save time, costs, and efforts in archaeological prospection and yield detailed images of subsurface anomalies. We present the results of quasi‐three‐dimensional (3D) ERT measurements in an area of a presumed Roman construction, using a dense electrode network of parallel and orthogonal profiles in dipole–dipole configuration. A roll‐along technique has been utilized to cover a large part of the archaeological site with a 25 cm electrode and profile spacing, respectively. We have designed a new field procedure, which used an electrode array fixed in a frame. This facilitated a very efficient field operation, and overall a total of 9648 electrode positions were occupied. The 3D ERT inversion results clearly characterize the main structures of the Roman foundations. We compared our high‐resolution 3D electrical resistivity model with findings from archaeological excavations, which have been done in some parts of the surveyed area. The ERT result coincide well with the excavation results, i.e. the location as well as the vertical and horizontal extensions of the structures could be precisely imaged. The ERT results successfully images most parts of the walls, pits and also smaller internal structures of the Roman building; moreover, excavation ditches that had been refilled prior to the ERT survey are delineated as resistivity heterogeneities as well.
A finite element elasticity programming in Mathematica software
Authors: Cecílio Diogo L. , dos Santos Thiago D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractModern software's allow computers to perform symbolic calculations in addition to simple numerical computations for which they were originally designed. This fact opens new possibilities in numerical simulation. In this paper a finite element implementation using the commercial software Wolfram Mathematica is used to solve a plane stress elasticity problem. The code adaptability from the provided examples to more challenging problems can easily be performed using the present code. Numerical examples with post‐processing illustrates the new tool and its flexibility. It has been proven in this study the feasibility of Wolfram Mathematica in learning and programming finite element methods for the solution of two‐dimensional problems in elasticity.
Xenobiotic Nucleic Acid (XNA) Synthesis by Phi29 DNA Polymerase
Authors: Torres Leticia L. , Pinheiro Vitor B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhi29 DNA polymerase (DNAP) is the replicative enzyme of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage Phi29. Its extraordinary processivity and its ability to perform isothermal amplification of DNA are central to many molecular biology applications, including high‐sensitivity detection and large‐scale production of DNA. We present here Phi29 DNAP as an efficient catalyst for the production of various artificial nucleic acids (XNAs) carrying backbone modifications such as 1,5‐anhydrohexitol nucleic acid (HNA), 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐fluoro‐arabinonucleic acid (FANA), and 2′‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyribonucleic acid (2′‐fluoro‐DNA). A full protocol for the synthesis of HNA polymers by an exonuclease‐deficient variant (D12A) of Phi29 DNAP plus a detailed guide for the design and test of novel XNA synthetase reactions performed by Phi29 DNAP are provided. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Use of Axenic Culture Tools to Study Coxiella burnetii
Authors: Sanchez Savannah E. , Vallejo‐Esquerra Eduardo , Omsland Anders 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCoxiella burnetii is a highly infectious obligate intracellular bacterium and the etiological agent of the zoonosis Query (Q) fever. This Gram‐negative gamma‐proteobacterium has adapted to replicate within a specialized compartment in mammalian phagocytic cells, known as the Coxiella‐containing vacuole (CCV). Knowledge of critical characteristics of the CCV microenvironment (e.g., luminal pH), analysis of the C. burnetii genome sequence, and strategic metabolic profiling have provided the basis for determining the physicochemical and nutritional conditions necessary to support axenic replication of C. burnetii. In this unit, the media currently utilized for axenic culture of C. burnetii are described, with emphasis on application. To aid in experimental reproducibility and interpretation of results, considerations and limitations are discussed. Lastly, expected results for C. burnetii axenic growth under control conditions are provided as a reference. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Outcomes of hyperglycemia in patients with and without diabetes hospitalized for infectious diseases
Authors: Akirov Amit , Diker‐Cohen Talia , Masri‐Iraqi Hiba , Duskin‐Bitan Hadar , Shimon Ilan , Gorshtein Alexander 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prognostic implications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the importance of glycemic control during hospitalization for infectious diseases.MethodsHistorical prospectively collected data of patients hospitalized between 2011 and 2013. Infection‐related hospitalizations were classified according to site of infection. Median follow‐up was 4.5 years. Outcome measures included in‐hospital and end‐of‐follow‐up mortality.ResultsThe cohort included 8051 patients (50% female, mean age ± SD, 68 ± 20 years) with a primary diagnosis of an infectious disease. Of these, 2363 patients (29%) had type 2 DM. The most common infectious sites included respiratory tract (n = 3285), genitourinary tract (n = 1804), skin and soft tissue (n = 934) and gastrointestinal tract (n = 571). There was no difference in admission rates of patients with and without DM according to the site of infection, except for skin and soft tissue infection which were more common among patients with DM (16% vs 10%). In‐hospital mortality risk was greater in patients with DM (aOR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1‐1.7). In the entire cohort, adjusted mortality risk (aHR, 95% CI) at the end‐of‐follow‐up was greater among patients with DM (1.2, 1.1‐1.4), with increased mortality risk following hospitalization for respiratory (1.1, 1.0‐1.4) and skin and soft tissue infections (1.7, 1.3‐2.3). In‐hospital and end‐of‐follow‐up mortality risk were highest among patients with and without DM with median glucose >180 mg/dL during hospitalization.ConclusionsIn patients hospitalized for infectious diseases, DM is associated with increased long‐term mortality risk, specifically following hospitalization for respiratory and skin and soft tissue infections. Poor glycemic control during hospitalization is associated with increased long‐term mortality.
Knowledge diversity and coordination: The effect of intrafirm inventor task networks on absorption speed
Authors: Moreira Solon , Markus Arjan , Laursen Keld 
Published: May 2018

Research Summary: We combine the absorptive capacity and social network theory approaches to predict how intrafirm “whole” network characteristics affect the firm's speed of absorption of external knowledge to produce inventions. We start from the widely accepted view that distant, externally‐developed knowledge is difficult to absorb into the focal firm's own knowledge production. We suggest that high levels of intrafirm inventor task network diversity and task network density are essential for a diversity of knowledge inputs and coordinated actions regarding knowledge transfer, which in turn, reduces problems related to the absorption of knowledge—especially in the case of knowledge that is distant from the focal firm. The results of an event history study of 113 pharmaceutical firms that engaged in technology in‐licensing from 1986 to 2003 provide general support for our hypotheses.Managerial Summary: Firms keen to keep up with an uncertain and ever‐changing industry environment, can benefit from the speedy introduction of inventions. We examine how firms absorb licensed‐in technologies to nurture the rapid development of own related inventions. We show that a firm's absorption speed depends on the characteristics of the internal collaboration networks among the firm's inventor employees. More specifically, technologically diverse and well‐connected inventor networks improve the firm's ability to absorb external technologies quickly. This applies especially to externally acquired technologies that are unfamiliar to the firm. Depending on the distance of the acquired technology from the focal firm combined with speed‐inducing inventor network characteristics, our estimates suggest that firms can reduce the time needed for absorption by several months.
A critical political ecology of human dimensions of climate change: Epistemology, ontology, and ethics
Authors: Goldman Mara J. , Turner Matthew D. , Daly Meaghan 
Published: May 2018

To understand the broader epistemological and ontological politics of human dimensions of climate change, this review adopts a political ecology approach, informed by Science and Technology Studies concepts and research on multiple ontologies. We are particularly interested in assessing critical approaches to climate change knowledge as related to adaptation policies. The review addresses three specific areas where more critical engagement could help move debates about knowledge politics in human dimensions research forward in fruitful ways: first, discourse and a focus on the language used to talk about and reflect on human dimensions of climate change; second, co‐production and the troubling proliferation of depoliticized “instrumental” co‐productions of knowledge for adaptation; and third, the emerging literature on multiple ontologies exposing multiple enactments of climate change processes. We review each of these areas of literature, highlighting where more direct engagement with epistemological, ontological, and ethical questions is underway. In doing so, we subject the knowledge and practices that underlie dominant understandings of climate change to critical political ecology scrutiny.This article is categorized under:
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Deep learning for remote sensing image classification: A survey
Authors: Li Ying , Zhang Haokui , Xue Xizhe , Jiang Yenan , Shen Qiang 
Published: May 2018

Remote sensing (RS) image classification plays an important role in the earth observation technology using RS data, having been widely exploited in both military and civil fields. However, due to the characteristics of RS data such as high dimensionality and relatively small amounts of labeled samples available, performing RS image classification faces great scientific and practical challenges. In recent years, as new deep learning (DL) techniques emerge, approaches to RS image classification with DL have achieved significant breakthroughs, offering novel opportunities for the research and development of RS image classification. In this paper, a brief overview of typical DL models is presented first. This is followed by a systematic review of pixel‐wise and scene‐wise RS image classification approaches that are based on the use of DL. A comparative analysis regarding the performances of typical DL‐based RS methods is also provided. Finally, the challenges and potential directions for further research are discussed.This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Science and Technology
Technologies > Classification
Fighting Human Smuggling or Criminalizing Refugees? Regimes of Justification in and around R v Appulonappa
Authors: Moffette David , Aksin Nevena 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFollowing the arrival of the MVOcean Ladyin 2009, four men were charged with human smuggling under s. 117 of theImmigration and Refugee Protection Actfor having helped Sri Lankan asylum seekers reach Canada. Section 117 made it a criminal offence to aid and abet the unauthorized entry of asylum seekers, including when this was done for humanitarian reasons, to help family members, or as a matter of mutual aid. The case made its way to the Supreme Court and, in 2015, the court ruled inR v Appulonappathat s. 117 was too broad, potentially criminalizing humanitarian workers and family members who help transport asylum seekers, and should be interpreted in a strict manner. This article draws from pragmatic sociology to study the regimes of justification mobilized by various actors involved in, and around,R v Appulonappabetween 2009 and 2015. It focuses on two sites of contestation that crystalized around divergent conceptions of fairness and safety, discussing how competing regimes of justification were used to advance stakeholder’s positions.
Atmospheric Rivers Carry Nonmonsoon Extreme Precipitation Into Nepal
Authors: Thapa Kritika , Endreny Theodore A. , Ferguson Craig R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are concentrated bands of water vapor that can cause extreme precipitation and severe flooding. Fortunately, due to their 1,500+ km spatial extent, they may also be forecasted days in advance. The goals of this study were to investigate the seasonal climatology of ARs in the Himalayan region of Nepal and to determine the role of ARs in extreme precipitation events. Using the ERA‐Interim atmospheric reanalysis, we applied a standard integrated vapor transport AR detection approach for the 35‐year period from 1979 to 2013. We detected 433 ARs, or approximately 12 ARs yearly. Along our six (0.75°) grid detection transect, ARs explain 35% of grid annual maximum daily precipitation events and 70% of grid nonmonsoon (October–May) maximum daily precipitation events. In 89% and 71% of years, at least one of the six detection grids experienced an AR‐related nonmonsoon maximum or annual maximum event, respectively. Overall, ARs explain 78% of daily precipitation totals exceeding 33 mm in the nonmonsoon season in comparison to 18% if the entire year is considered. As we show, ARs constitute a valuable new lens through which extreme precipitation in the region may be understood and forecasted. However, follow‐on integrated vapor transport analyses that more closely investigate the interaction between ARs and their synoptic‐scale environment are needed to better differentiate January and February ARs from Western Disturbances and June–September ARs from the Indian monsoon.