bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages of statin usage in preventing fractures for men over 50 in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Sun Xiaona , Liu Xiaoxiao , Wang Chenyi , Luo Yushuang , Li Xinyi , Yan Lijuan , Wang Yaling , Wang Kaifa , Li Qiang 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
The relationship between statin treatment and fracture risk is still controversial, especially in in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We aim to determine whether statin therapy affects the occurrence of fractures in the general US population and in patients with CVDs.

Methods
Epidemiological data of this cross-sectional study were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2001–2020, n = 9,893). Statins records and fracture information were obtained from the questionnaires. Weighted logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations between statin and the risk of fracture.

Results
Statin use was found to be associated with reduced risk of fracture mainly in male individuals aged over 50 years old and taking medications for less than 3 years, after adjusted for confounders including supplements of calcium and vitamin D. The protective effects were only found in subjects taking atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. We found null mediation role of LDL-C and 25(OH)D in such effects. Statin was found to reduce fracture risk in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs, OR: 0.4366, 95%CI: 0.2664 to 0.7154, P = 0.0014), and in patients without diabetes (OR: 0.3632, 95%CI: 0.1712 to 0.7704, P = 0.0091).

Conclusions
Statin showed advantages in reducing risk of fracture in male individuals aged over 50 years old and taking medications for less than 3 years. More research is needed to determine the impact of gender variations, medication duration, and diabetes.
Perceived social support and associated factors among older people living in metropolitan cities of northwest Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mekonnen Habtamu Sewunet , Azagew Abere Woretaw , Mekonnen Chilot Kassa , Abate Hailemichael Kindie , Ferede Yohannes Mulu , Salih Mohammed Hassen , Tebeje Nigusie Birhan 
Published: November 2024

Background
Perceived social support is a complex construct that includes tangible and supportive feedback in addition to emotional, instrumental, appraisal, and informational support. Social support shields older adults from the negative effects of aging, such as illness and death, as well as the negative outcomes of stressful life events. The purpose of this study was to assess the perceived social support and associated factors among older people residing in metropolitan cities in northwest Ethiopia, as there is a dearth of evidence regarding this topic, particularly in the study area.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out between December 19, 2020, and February 21, 2021. The systematic random sampling technique was used to select 830 study participants. Data collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire was entered using Epi-data version 4.6 and analyzed using Stata version 14. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done. In the multivariate analysis, variables with P-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine the strength and direction of the association.

Results
A total of 816 participants were included with a 98.3% response rate. The mean age of participants was 68.2 (SD±7.2) years. In the current study, 339 (41.54%) of participants had low perceived social support. Having four and above children (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.10, 2.66), likely to have a severe mental illness (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.16, 0.68), medium and high sense of coherence (AOR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.05, 3.06) and 2.86 (AOR = 2.86, 95%CI = 1.44, 5.67), respectively, middle, fourth, and highest quantiles of wealth index (AOR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.07, 3.60), 3.64 (AOR = 3.60, 95%CI = 1.91, 6.94), and 5.82 (AOR = 5.82, 95%CI = 2.90, 11.71),. Having no social service participation (AOR = 2.12, 95%CI = 1.06, 9.50) were significantly associated with low perceived social support.

Conclusion and recommendations
In this study more than two-fifth of older people have low perceived social support. Number of children, mental health, sense of coherence, wealth index, and participation in social services were had a significant association with the perceived social support of older people. In order for these vulnerable populations to age healthily, alternative forms of support should be provided as the societal culture supporting the elderly has declined. Particularly, emphasis should be given for older people with mental health problems and those having no social service participation. Besides, further research is crucial targeting the actual social support of the elderly people including those living in the street, temporal residents, and religious places.
Salivary alpha-amylase: A marker of stress in gynecological residents during a shoulder dystocia simulation scenario
Authors: Aita Ada , Galozzi Paola , Zemin Filippo , Principi Giulia , Contran Nicole , Musso Giulia , Cosma Chiara , Ragusa Antonio , D’Antona Donato , Basso Daniela 
Published: November 2024

Objective
Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has been recently proposed as biomarker of stress responsiveness within the sympathetic nervous system, preferable to cortisol, since limitations related to cortisol measurement (e.g. diurnal and seasonal rhythms, drugs interferences). Several factors, as age, collection device and analytical methods, also influence sAA levels and interpretation. This study aims to assess whether sAA could be useful to evaluate the stress response, also verifying some sources of variability.

Methods
To identify any sources of sAA variability, saliva samples were collected from eight healthy subjects at five different times (8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00) over five consecutive days using two different collection devices. Saliva was then collected from 35 obstetric residents before and after a simulated shoulder dystocia scenario, one of the most traumatic birth events in the professional life of gynecologists, to assess the stress levels. Samples were analysed throughout two different assays. Heart rate (HR) of residents was also measured before and after simulation scenario. Residents self-collected two saliva samples 10 min apart on a typical day.

Results
Overall, sAA levels increased significantly from morning to afternoon. Levels varied between subjects, but no differences were found between days or sampling devices. sAA activity levels in samples from 35 residents were significantly higher than those obtained before the scenario took place (about ten minutes later). These results were confirmed by two different assays. Moreover, a similar trend was observed when HR was considered. No differences were observed between samples collected 10 minutes apart on a typical day.

Conclusions
Salivary alpha-amylase activity is a reliable, quick, and efficient marker for stress response, then its measurement will be of potential interest in the field of stress-related disorders. However, it is important to consider the timing of sample collection before introducing sAA in a clinical setting.
Structures and evolution of bifurcation diagrams for a multiparameter
p-Laplacian Dirichlet problem
Authors: Hsieh Tsung-Yi , Wang Shin-Hwa 
Published: November 2024

We study the multiparameter
p-Laplacian Dirichlet problem

{

(

φ

p

(

u

′

(
x
)
)

)

′

+
λ
(
k

u

p
−
1

+

∑

i
=
1

m

a

i

u

q

i

)
−
μ

∑

j
=
1

n

b

j

u

r

j

=
0
,

−
1
<
x
<
1
,

u
(
−
1
)
=
u
(
1
)
=
0
,

where
p
>
1
,

φ

p

(
y
)
=

|
y
|

p
−
2

y
,

(

φ

p

(

u

′

)

)

′

is the one-dimensional
p-Laplacian,
λ
>
0
and
μ
≥
0
are two bifurcation parameters. We assume that
k
≥
0
,
,
0
<
p
−
1
<

q

1

<

q

2

<
⋅
⋅
⋅
<

q

m

<

r

1

<

r

2

<
⋅
⋅
⋅
<

r

n

,
for
j
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
n
. We mainly prove that, on the
(
λ
,

‖
u
‖

∞

)
-plane, the bifurcation diagram consists of a strictly decreasing curve for
μ
=
0
,

and always consists of a
⊂
-shaped curve for fixed
μ
>
0
. We then study the structures and evolution of the bifurcation diagrams with varying
μ
≥
0

.
A perspective on successful implementation of ecosystem-based approaches to management and conservation in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Ludsin Stuart A. , Minns Charles K. , Munawar Mohiuddin , Alsip Peter J. , Andrade Angela L. , Boesch Donald F. , Carter Caitriona , Cilliers Elizelle Juaneé , Cohen-Shacham Emmanuelle , Escobedo Francisco J. , Frank Kenneth T. , Leggett William C. , Link Jason S. , Waylen Kerry A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To celebrate the 1972 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, a conference was held on the evolution of the Ecosystem Approach during the past half-century to learn how to enhance successful implementation of ecosystem-based approaches for resource management, conservation, and societal problems worldwide. Among several conference workshops, one focused on the origins and history of ecosystem approaches, which was attended by 14 researchers with global expertise in conservation biology, ecology, economics, ecosystem modeling, limnology, resource and ecosystem management, policymaking, political science, and social science. This paper presents insights gleaned from this workshop on key needs for and challenges to effective implementation of these approaches. We identified six categories of needs and challenges, spanning from the initial phases of Ecosystem Approach development (e.g. setting clear goals; fostering stakeholder buy-in) to the final ones (e.g. adapting to change; maintaining program support). Setting clear goals aligned with a shared vision was identified as most critical to successful implementation and offered the fewest barriers. By contrast, 1) accounting for poorly understood governance structures and navigating administrative constraints, 2) sustaining support, and 3) gaining stakeholder buy-in were viewed as the biggest three challenges. Overcoming these challenges was viewed as critical to success, thus helping us understand why effective implementation of ecosystem approaches has remained difficult globally. Sound science (and overcoming associated hurdles; e.g. breaking down disciplinary silos) and effective communication were also mentioned by some. Using these findings, we assess the state of ecosystem approaches in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin, concluding with recommendations on how to promote their successful implementation inside and outside of the Basin.
A type-2 fuzzy inference-based approach enables walking speed estimation that adapts to inter-individual gait patterns
Authors: Li Linrong , Liao Wenxiang , Yu Hongliu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Individuals change walking speed by regulating step frequency (SF), stride length (SL), or a combination of both (FL combinations). However, existing methods of walking speed estimation ignore this regulatory mechanism. This paper aims to achieve accurate walking speed estimation while enabling adaptation to inter-individual speed regulation strategies.

Methods
We first extracted thigh features closely related to individual speed regulation based on a single thigh mounted IMU. Next, an interval type-2 fuzzy inference system was used to infer and quantify the individuals’ speed regulation intentions, enabling speed estimation independent of inter-individual gait patterns. Experiments with five subjects walking on a treadmill at different speeds and with different gait patterns validated our method.

Results
The overall root mean square error (RMSE) for speed estimation was 0.0704 ± 0.0087 m/s, and the RMSE for different gait patterns was no more than 0.074 ± 0.005 m/s.

Conclusions
The proposed method provides high-accuracy speed estimation. Moreover, our method can be adapted to different FL combinations without the need for individualised tuning or training of individuals with varying limb lengths and gait habits. We anticipate that the proposed method will help provide more intuitive speed adaptive control for rehabilitation robots, especially intelligent lower limb prostheses.
Sozialistische Großfamilie
Authors: Zajas Paweł 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The article offers an analysis of transnational contacts as they developed in the GDR through cultural exchange within the Eastern Bloc and the international cultural policies of the socialist states. First, the archives of the German Writers Union are used to show how, paradoxically, the processes of transnational cooperation that began after 1956 led to a policy of isolation of the GDR. Secondly, it is demonstrated that the cultural exchange between the GDR and the socialist partners began to recover relatively quickly from the “Kahlschlag Plenum”, which took place in the late 1960 s, and that the rapidly developing interdependencies also resulted in certain innovations in the GDR’s literary scene. Finally, it is shown how the publishing cooperation between socialist publishers, which has intensified since the mid-1970s (through joint multilateral edition projects, transfer of translated literature) may be interpreted as a direct consequence of the Helsinki Final Act (1975).
#KritischesWeißsein: Friedrich Dürrenmatt
Authors: Rohner Melanie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In his late work, Friedrich Dürrenmatt played with ideas of ‚whiteness‘ that were central to the Swiss self-image in the 20th century. The drama Porträt eines Planeten (1970), the novella Der Auftrag (1986), and the parable Die Virusepidemie in Südafrika (1989/94) provide examples of how Dürrenmatt dealt with such templates, problematized them literarily and made them recognisable as phantasms.
Stimmen des Fortschritts
Authors: Leucht Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the utopian literature of the fin-de-siècle, engineers represent recurring literary characters. This article highlights their role as voices of progress (Fortschritt). Focussing on Theodor Hertzka’s Freiland (1889) and Theodor Herzl’s AltNeuLand (1902), it differentiates these voices of progress according to their semantic and temporal structure, as well as their use of media, thereby illuminating differences within the concept of progress.
Nation in Wartestellung
Authors: Richter Steffen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As a modernizer of agriculture, Max Eyth was a popular propagandist of technology before and after the unification of Germany in 1871. His striving for ‚progress‘ oscillated between enlightened liberal motives and commercial interests in a globalizing world shaped by colonial ideologies and practices, between trust in technical knowledge and its insufficiency. Eyth’s narrative follows familiar patterns that guarantee his public success.
The Emergence of Constitutionally Conforming Interpretation
Authors: Gosch Daniel Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this article, I explore the cross-jurisdictional development of constitutionally conforming interpretation in the United States and Europe and trace the historical and sociological reasons for its emergence. In most legal systems, this tenet of interpretation has a uniform starting point, which lies in the aim of constitutional courts to exercise restraint when reviewing statutes. The political necessity for pioneering constitutional courts to lessen opportunities for attack from other branches of government has spurred their inclination to secure desired results through constitutionally conforming interpretation rather than facing the risks associated with declaring a statute unconstitutional. After the emergence of judicial review competencies, constitutionally conforming interpretation was adopted quickly and seemingly naturally, and its further development correlates with the further development of the constitutional court system in the respective jurisdiction. Contrary to what one might assume given the remarkably analogous but chronologically offset evolutions of constitutionally conforming interpretation in the United States and Europe, it has never been a product of legal reception. Instead, the concept materialized independently within European jurisdictions approximately one century after its initial emergence in the United States, evolving within the distinct context of European constitutional review mechanisms and the civil law tradition. Consequently, there are divergences in the approach to constitutionally conforming interpretation between the jurisdictions of the Old and the New World, allowing for a distinction to be made between a two-layered American and a single-layered European model of constitutionally conforming interpretation.
Reliability and validity of the Game Addiction Scale in Malaysian Adolescents
Authors: Roslan Muhammad Zaheerul , Amran Muhammad Syawal , Sommer Werner 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Problematic gaming behavior has been an issue in many countries, raising the need for assessment tools. The Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) by Lemmens et al. is widely used for assessing game addiction and has been adopted for use in various countries. The GASA consists of 21 items covering several criteria of game addiction: salience, tolerance, mood modification, relapse, withdrawal, conflict, and problems. The present study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the GASA when applied to Malaysian adolescents.

Methods
The study was conducted in two phases (reliability assessment for phase 1 and validity assessment for phase 2). The Malay version of the Game Addiction Scale was created using a forward-translation procedure with the help of panelists consisting of researchers and educators from the fields of Psychology, Medicine, and Education to translate from English to Malay. The participants of the study were presented with both versions (Malay and English) during the data collection process. The study checked content validity with the help of 33 panelists and reliability based on the scores of 116 participants who spent at least 1 h and up to 6 h per week playing games.

Results
The reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha and provided high reliability ranging from 0.671 to 0.903 for all criteria. All criteria scored higher than 0.8 except for relapse (α=0.788) and problems (α=0.671) criteria, indicating that the instrument provides high reliability. The findings from the study show acceptable content validity with high I-CVI values ranging from 0.73 to 0.94 and an S-CVI/Ave value of 0.80. Internal consistency was excellent (α=0.949) and the Content Validity Index (I-CVI) was high for most items.

Conclusions
The results suggest that GASA is suitable for application among adolescents in Malaysia.
Stochastic stability and instability of rumor model
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Xinyao , Wang Xiaohuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we present a stochastic rumor model. The stability of the disease-free equilibrium state and instability of the free equilibrium

E

0

{E}_{0}

of stochastic epidemics model are considered with the help of Lyapunov functions. Sufficient conditions of persistence and extinction of rumor are given. Numerical simulations verify the analytical results.
Crystal structure of the dinuclear mercury(II) complex bis(μ2-bromido)-dibromido-bis{1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1-H-1,3-(2-ethyl-5-methyl-imidazol)-κ1
N} dimercury(II), C26H30N10Hg2Br4
Authors: Yang Hai-Yan , Liu Hong-Yan , Zhao Yao-Min 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
C26H30N10Hg2Br4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.8582(4) Å, b = 11.5968(5) Å, c = 17.4657(10) Å, α = 107.564(5)°, β = 92.283(4)°, γ = 97.388(4)°, V = 1690.47(15) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0423, ωR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1112, T = 293 K.
Evaluation of Abrams curve in agricultural sector using the NARDL approach
Authors: Zeraatkish Seyed Yaghoub , Rajabalipour Mohammad Javad , Moghaddasi Reza 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Developing countries have made significant economic progress in the recent decades, but agriculture sector has not produced enough value add for the economy due to the low productivity in this sector, which contributes to poverty and delays in the growth of the entire economy in such countries. The aim of this research is to evaluate Abram’s theory in the agricultural sector of Iran using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach over the years 1981–2021. To this end, the effect of government size, agricultural sector wages, value add of the agricultural sector, inflation rate, mechanization coefficient, and the ratio of agricultural sector wages to other economic sectors on the unemployment rate of the agricultural sector were investigated. In the first step, stationarity of variables was examined by applying the generalized Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Peron methods. Outcomes of the unit root test showed that the degree of cointegration between variables was zero and one, and there were no limitations to the application of the NARDL approach. Results showed that the Abrams curve would not be confirmed for the agricultural sector in Iran, because the coefficient obtained for the size of the state was negative. Also, the findings suggest that the government’s size affects the unemployment rate in the agricultural sector, while real wages in Iran’s agricultural sector impact unemployment.
Challenges and opportunities for young farmers in the implementation of the Rural Development Program 2014–2020 of the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Rogelj Mateja Jež , Šiftar Helena , Poljak Tijana Trako , Mikuš Ornella 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Today, all sectors of the economy are confronted with the problem of demographic renewal. The low number of young farmers and the lack of development opportunities for them pose major challenges for the agricultural sector. This study focuses on the Rural Development Program (RDP) 2014–2020 of the Republic of Croatia, which provided many opportunities for young farmers through its measures. The study is based on a qualitative approach that includes two research methods to identify the benefits and limitations of the RDP measures as well as the challenges that Croatian young farmers still face after the implementation of the Program. The first involved the descriptive analysis of secondary data, while the second was based on the collection of primary data using the interview method. Eight semi-structured interviews (N = 8) were conducted with farmers aged 18–41 years in all four Croatian NUTS2 regions. In almost all 20 Croatian counties, the number of young farm owners has increased and the level of education acquired has also increased accordingly, with a decrease in the number of uneducated and those with only primary education and the largest increase in those with secondary education. The interviews revealed that all respondents see similar benefits in continuing farming as a profession: they are their own boss and have strong work motivation and job satisfaction. However, they also mention similar problems that persist: financial insecurity, insufficient labor, high dependence on climate change, and problems related to land.