bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between statin-use and diet, exercise, and perceptions of high cholesterol in urban and semi-urban Nigerians: a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Coker Joyce F , Hill Kate M , Otu Akaninyene A , House Allan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
The rise of cardiovascular diseases in sub-Saharan Africa strains fragile healthcare systems. Cardiovascular disease prevention involves the use of prophylactic medications like statins and the adoption of healthy lifestyle choices. However, the nature of the relationship between statin-use and the adoption of healthy lifestyle choices remains unclear. This study is the first to examine whether there is a relation between statin-use, the adoption of a low-fat diet and healthy exercise behaviours, and the way Nigerians diagnosed with hyperlipidaemia think about high cholesterol as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban site and a semi-urban site in Nigeria. Questionnaires were used to compare the dietary and exercise behaviours; perceptions of high cholesterol; and perceived future risk of cardiovascular disease of 78 statin users and 70 non-statin users.
Results
The majority (69%) of participants reported that they had adopted a low-fat diet. However, 80% participants were classified as inactive/moderately inactive and statin users were significantly less active than non-statin users (86% of statin users inactive/moderately inactive vs 74% of non-statin users, X2 =3.852, p=0.05).
A logistic regression model found that odds of adopting a low-fat diet was 5 times greater in participants recruited from the urban research site (95% CI=1.7 to 12.5, p=0.003) and increased as reported perceived statin control of high cholesterol increased (OR=2.33, 95% CI=1.16 to 4.69, p=0.018).
Conclusions
The odds of adopting a low-fat diet increased as statin control perceptions increased - suggesting that statin-use and the adoption of healthy dietary choice were thought to work in unison to manage high cholesterol. Urban-dwellers were more likely to have adopted healthy dietary choices and to think about adopting exercise choices than semi-urban dwellers. This demonstrates a growing awareness of negative future impacts of Westernised lifestyle behaviours in urban areas and the need for public health interventions in semi-urban areas to raise awareness and facilitate the adoption of healthy lifestyle choices in order to curtail the rise of cardiovascular disease in Nigeria.
Lived Experiences Of Pregnancy Among Women With Sickle Cell Disease Receiving Care At Mulago Hospital: A Qualitative Study
Authors: TUMWESIGE KENNETH , Imelda Namagembe , Herbert Kayiga , Deogratias Munube , Joseph Rujumba 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Women with sickle cell disease in Mulago National Referral Hospital face challenges when they become pregnant and they receive the same care as all other high risk pregnant women who come to the hospital. This study explored the lived experiences of pregnancy among women with sickle cell disease receiving care at Mulago National Referral Hospital.Methods This was a qualitative phenomenological study conducted on 15 participants who were women with sickle cell disease with the experience of pregnancy. In-depth audio recorded interviews were conducted to collect data from women who were pregnant at time of study or had ever been pregnant aged 16 to 38 years of age with sickle cell disease. Recorded data was transcribed and analyzed using content thematic approach.Results This study revealed that pregnant women with sickle cell disease faced both negative and positive health care experiences and individual lived experiences of pregnancy. The few positive individual lived experiences were joy of motherhood and giving birth to child free of sickle cell disease whereas the negative individual lived experiences reported were recurrent painful crises, pregnancy loss, premature delivery, stigma and discouragement, relationship discord and desertion by spouse. There were few positive healthcare experiences reported in this study which included: dedicated care and support from health workers, referral to specialist services, support from their male partners and the negative healthcare experiences reported were delay to get medical assistance, informal hospital charges, unsatisfactory care, and advocacy for caesarian section Vs normal delivery.Conclusion Pregnant women with sickle cell disease lived with great expectation and in fear of being further weakened by the disease. Their experiences were in general negative at both individual, social and health system levels.
Evaluation Of Online Development Examinations Of Infectious Diseases And Clinical Microbiology (IDCM) Expertise Students
Authors: Kaygusuz Türkkan , Karabay Oğuz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Formative examinations are required to monitor the development of research assistants in the field of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology. However, the preparation, conduct and evaluation of these exams also require especial features and experience. In this study, it is aimed to review the experiences obtained in the evaluation exams of research assistants conducted by the education commission (EMEK) in the field of IDCM specialization.
Methods: There are two online exams per year for research assistants in the IDGM field. In this study, the examinations between 2014-2018 were evaluated. The validity and reliability analyzes for each exam were performed and the difficulty and discrimination indexes of the questions were calculated. The topics with the least correct answers were determined.
Results: Over the years, an increase in the number of research assistants was observed. The internal consistency coefficient of the exams was the lowest of the cronbach alpha value of 0,69 and the highest of 0,92. The mean score of the exam was over 70. Some of the questions needed to be reviewed and corrected. Although clinically rare diseases and basic microbiology questions have been answered less frequently, the rate of responding to diseases that are frequently seen in the clinic was higher.
Conclusion: Online examinations facilitate broad-based measurement and evaluation at national level. With the increase of our online exam experience, we found that there are still parts to be improved.
Keywords: Online examination, Expertise students, Development exams, Measurement and evaluation
LIMITES E POTENCIALIDADES DE MATERIALIZAÇÃO DO CURRÍCULO INTEGRADO: UMA ANÁLISE DOS PLANOS DE ENSINO E DIÁRIOS DE CLASSE
Authors: Pasqualli Roberta , Da Silva Vosnei , Da Silva Adriano Larentes 
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo identificar e compreender os limites e potencialidades de materialização da integração curricular no cotidiano dos cursos técnicos integrados nos cursos Técnico em Informática Integrado ao Ensino Médio, Câmpus Chapecó e Técnico em Agroindústria Integrado ao Ensino Médio, Câmpus São Miguel do Oeste, ambos ofertados pelo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina – IFSC. O foco da análise foram treze Planos de Ensino e dez Diários de Classe dos componentes curriculares Oficina de Integração e Projeto Integrador, do primeiro e segundo semestres de 2015. Os resultados da análise mostram a complexidade do trabalho pedagógico no contexto do currículo integrado e apontam diferentes formas de materialização da integração nas Oficinas de Integração e nos Projetos Integradores. De forma geral, os Planos de Ensino e Diários de Classe apresentam-se preponderantemente como instrumentos jurídicos e formais, não se configurando como instrumentos de planejamento coletivo e de síntese das ações e finalidades propostas. Por outro lado, as análises realizadas também revelam as intencionalidades, as potencialidades e a materialidade das experiências com os Projetos Integradores e as Oficinas de Integração nos cursos pesquisados.
Palavras-Chave: Currículo Integrado, Planos de Ensino, Diário de Classe.
O TRABALHO DO SERVIÇO SOCIAL E A ARTICULAÇÃO COM AS DIMENSÕES TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICA, ÉTICO-POLÍTICA E TÉCNICO-OPERATIVA
Authors: Rodrigues Verônica Da Mata Huebra , Lopes Noêmia de Fátima Silva 
Published: September 2019

Este artigo busca responder indagações sobre o trabalho profissional do serviço social de um município da Zona da Mata Mineira. O estudo fundamentou-se na seguinte questão: os desafios do trabalho do Serviço Social têm fortalecido sua prática em articulação com as dimensões teórico-metodológica, ético- política e técnico-operativa? O principal objetivo é analisar o trabalho do profissional e sua articulação com as dimensões teórico-metodológica, ético-política e técnico-operativa. A pesquisa de caráter exploratório orientou-se pelo método crítico-dialético e, como instrumento metodológico, utilizou-se da pesquisa documental e do estudo de caso com entrevista estruturada. Após estudo, concluiu-se que as desigualdades existentes no processo de desenvolvimento do país têm sido fruto de suas particularidades históricas, recriando a herança patrimonialista, na qual se atualizam marcas persistentes e, ao mesmo tempo, transformando-as no contexto de mundialização do capital sobre a hegemonia financeira. Diante desse contexto macro-histórico, o profissional de serviço social apresenta dificuldades em articular as dimensões da profissão em sua prática, visto que existe um acúmulo de demandas e uma redução de recursos humanos, bem como recursos técnicos, o que leva a reprodução de uma prática conservadora, voltada para o imediatismo.
Assessment of Embodied Energy/ U-Value in Historic Buildings of Karachi-Pakistan
Authors: Laiq Wajeeha 
Published: September 2019

The benefits of reusing historic and existing buildings versus those of constructing new buildings are frequently discussed considering economic, cultural, and design values. If those discussions are expanded to include environmental impact, one must address the topic of embodied energy. Due to the recent focus on sustainable construction practices; conservationists have explored the benefits of building conservation in relation to embodied energy calculations. Such studies are popular in international market and became important ground for expanding restoration practices. In our local context it is comparatively a newer domain.Different methodologies have been devised by Advisory Council for Historic Preservation (ACHP), in year 1979, for assessing the embodied energy calculations in historic structures. For performing the respective study, inventory model of assessment has adopted. The focus of this study is “to provide practical guidance on how to calculate embodied energy/ u-value in historic structures of Karachi and promote the concept of adaptive reuse from the environmental perspective”. “If more widely and comprehensively used, embodied-energy assessment can be a benefit to preservation and sustainability advocates alike.”Mike Jackson
Design of Rhenium Compounds in Targeted Anticancer Therapeutics
Authors: Collery Philippe , Desmaele Didier , Vijaykumar Veena 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Many rhenium (Re) complexes with potential anticancer properties have been synthesized
in the recent years with the aim to overcome the clinical limitations of platinum agents. Re(I) tricarbonyl
complexes are the most common but Re compounds with higher oxidation states have also been investigated, as
well as hetero-metallic complexes and Re-loaded self-assembling devices. Many of these compounds display
promising cytotoxic and phototoxic properties against malignant cells but all Re compounds are still at the stage
of preclinical studies.

Methods:
The present review focused on the rhenium based cancer drugs that were in preclinical and clinical
trials were examined critically. The detailed targeted interactions and experimental evidences of Re compounds
reported by the patentable and non-patentable research findings used to write this review.

Results:
In the present review, we described the most recent and promising rhenium compounds focusing on their
potential mechanism of action including, phototoxicity, DNA binding, mitochondrial effects, oxidative stress
regulation or enzyme inhibition. Many ligands have been described that modulating the lipophilicity, the luminescent
properties, the cellular uptake, the biodistribution, and the cytotoxicity, the pharmacological and toxicological
profile.

Conclusion:
Re-based anticancer drugs can also be used in targeted therapies by coupling to a variety of biologically
relevant targeting molecules. On the other hand, combination with conventional cytotoxic molecules, such
as doxorubicin, allowed to take into profit the targeting properties of Re for example toward mitochondria.
Through the example of the diseleno-Re complex, we showed that the main target could be the oxidative status,
with a down-stream regulation of signaling pathways, and further on selective cell death of cancer cells versus
normal cells.
Chitooligosaccharides as Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, Antihemolytic and Anti-Virulence Agent against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Khan Fazlurrahman , Lee Jang-Won , Pham Dung T.N. , Kim Young-Mog 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial infections with a high mortality rate in
human and animals have been reported to associate with bacterial biofilm formation, along with the secretion
of numerous virulence factors. Therefore, the inhibition of biofilm formation and attenuation of
virulence determinants are considered as a promising solution to combat the spread of S. aureus infections.
Modern trends in antibiofilm therapies have opted for the active agents that are biocompatible,
biodegradable, non-toxic and cost-effective. Owning the aforementioned properties, chitosan, a natural
N-acetylated carbohydrate biopolymer derived from chitin, has been favorably employed. Recently, the
chitosan structure has been chemically modified into Chitooligosaccharides (COS) to overcome its
limited solubility in water, thus widening chitosan applications in modern antibiofilm research. In the
present study, we have investigated the antibacterial, antibiofilm and anti-virulence activities against S.
aureus of COS of different molecular weights dissolved in neutral water.

Methods:
The study of bactericidal activity was performed using the micro-dilution method while the
biofilm inhibition assay was performed using crystal-violet staining method and confirmed by scanning
electron microscopic analysis. The inhibition of amyloid protein production was confirmed by
Congo Red staining.

Results:
Results showed that low molecular weight COS exhibited bactericidal activity and reduced the
bacterial amylogenesis, hemolytic activity as well as H2O2 resistance properties, while slightly inhibiting
biofilm formation. The present study provides a new insight for further applications of the water-soluble
COS as a safe and cost-effective drug for the treatment of S. aureus biofilm-associated infections.

Conclusion:
Reducing the molecular weight of chitosan in the form of COS has become an effective
strategy to maintain chitosan biological activity while improving its water solubility. The low molecular
weight COS investigated in this study have effectively performed antibacterial, antibiofilm and antivirulence
properties against S. aureus.
Partial Reprogramming As An Emerging Strategy for Safe Induced Cell Generation and Rejuvenation
Authors: Lehmann Marianne , Canatelli-Mallat Martina , Chiavellini Priscila , Cónsole Gloria M. , Gallardo Maria D. , Goya Rodolfo G. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Conventional cell reprogramming involves converting a somatic cell line into induced
pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), which subsequently can be re-differentiated to specific somatic cell types.
Alternatively, partial cell reprogramming converts somatic cells into other somatic cell types by
transient expression of pluripotency genes thus generating intermediates that retain their original cell
identity, but are responsive to appropriate cocktails of specific differentiation factors. Additionally,
biological rejuvenation by partial cell reprogramming is an emerging avenue of research.

Objective:
Here, we will briefly review the emerging information pointing to partial reprogramming as
a suitable strategy to achieve cell reprogramming and rejuvenation, bypassing cell dedifferentiation.

Methods:
In this context, regulatable pluripotency gene expression systems are the most widely used
at present to implement partial cell reprogramming. For instance, we have constructed a regulatable
bidirectional adenovector expressing Green Fluorescent Protein and oct4, sox2, klf4 and c-myc genes
(known as the Yamanaka genes or OSKM).

Results:
Partial cell reprogramming has been used to reprogram fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes, neural
progenitors and neural stem cells. Rejuvenation by cyclic partial reprogramming has been achieved
both in vivo and in cell culture using transgenic mice and cells expressing the OSKM genes, respectively,
controlled by a regulatable promoter.

Conclusion:
Partial reprogramming emerges as a powerful tool for the genesis of iPSC-free induced
somatic cells of therapeutic value and for the implementation of in vitro and in vivo rejuvenation keeping
cell type identity unchanged.
The Service of Research Analytics to Optimize Digital Health Evidence Generation: Multilevel Case Study
Authors: Pham Quynh , Shaw James , Morita Plinio P , Seto Emily , Stinson Jennifer N , Cafazzo Joseph A 
Published: September 2019

Background
The widespread adoption of digital health interventions for chronic disease self-management has catalyzed a paradigm shift in the selection of methodologies used to evidence them. Recently, the application of digital health research analytics has emerged as an efficient approach to evaluate these data-rich interventions. However, there is a growing mismatch between the promising evidence base emerging from analytics mediated trials and the complexity of introducing these novel research methods into evaluative practice.

Objective
This study aimed to generate transferable insights into the process of implementing research analytics to evaluate digital health interventions. We sought to answer the following two research questions: (1) how should the service of research analytics be designed to optimize digital health evidence generation? and (2) what are the challenges and opportunities to scale, spread, and sustain this service in evaluative practice?

Methods
We conducted a qualitative multilevel embedded single case study of implementing research analytics in evaluative practice that comprised a review of the policy and regulatory climate in Ontario (macro level), a field study of introducing a digital health analytics platform into evaluative practice (meso level), and interviews with digital health innovators on their perceptions of analytics and evaluation (microlevel).

Results
The practice of research analytics is an efficient and effective means of supporting digital health evidence generation. The introduction of a research analytics platform to evaluate effective engagement with digital health interventions into a busy research lab was ultimately accepted by research staff, became routinized in their evaluative practice, and optimized their existing mechanisms of log data analysis and interpretation. The capacity for research analytics to optimize digital health evaluations is highest when there is (1) a collaborative working relationship between research client and analytics service provider, (2) a data-driven research agenda, (3) a robust data infrastructure with clear documentation of analytic tags, (4) in-house software development expertise, and (5) a collective tolerance for methodological change.

Conclusions
Scientific methods and practices that can facilitate the agile trials needed to iterate and improve digital health interventions warrant continued implementation. The service of research analytics may help to accelerate the pace of digital health evidence generation and build a data-rich research infrastructure that enables continuous learning and evaluation.
Pengukuran Kualitas Hidup Pasien Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (Prolanis) di Puskesmas Menggunakan Instrumen EQ-5D-5L
Authors: Hamida Nur , Ulfa Mursyida , Haris Restu Nur Hasanah , Endarti Dwi , Wiedyaningsih Chairun 
Published: September 2019

Prevalensi penyakit diabetes melitus (DM) dan hipertensi di Indonesia semakin tahun semakin meningkat. Pemerintah melalui Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) mencanangkan Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (Prolanis) untuk mencapai kesehatan yang optimal dan kualitas hidup yang baik pada penyakit DM dan hipertensi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kualitas hidup pasien prolanis di puskesmas menggunakan instrumen EQ-5D-5L. Studi dilakukan pada 200 pasien prolanis yang terdiri dari 100 pasien diabetes melitus dan 100 pasien hipertensi. Lokasi pengambilan sampel berada di puskesmas Kota Palu Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah untuk pasien DM dan Kabupaten Aceh Barat Provinsi Nangroe Aceh Darussalam untuk pasien hipertensi yang dilakukan dalam kurun waktu 3 bulan (September-November 2018). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan cross-sectional study dengan metode convenience/accidental sampling. Kualitas hidup diukur menggunakan instrumen European Quality of Life-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) dan konversi health utility (utility) dengan value set Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan uji independent t-test untuk melihat perbedaan kualitas hidup pada tiap kelompok karakteristik pasien DM dan hipertensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan domain rasa sakit/tidak nyaman merupakan domain yang paling banyak dilaporkan terjadi masalah pada pasien DM maupun Hipertensi. Nilai utility pasien DM sebesar 0,843±0,081, sedangkan hipertensi sebesar 0,767±0,154. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan nilai utility berdasarkan karakteristik umur (p=0,001), riwayat penyakit keluarga (p=0,006), lama menderita penyakit (p=0,000) dan frekuensi kontrol (p=0,000) pada pasien hipertensi, sedangkan pada pasien DM hanya pada karakteristik memiliki penyakit lain (p=0,026).