bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A data‐driven approach to stimulus selection reveals an image‐based representation of objects in high‐level visual areas
Authors: Coggan David D. , Giannakopoulou Afrodite , Ali Sanah , Goz Burcu , Watson David M. , Hartley Tom , Baker Daniel H. , Andrews Timothy J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ventral visual pathway is directly involved in the perception and recognition of objects. However, the extent to which the neural representation of objects in this region reflects low‐level or high‐level properties remains unresolved. A problem in resolving this issue is that only a small proportion of the objects experienced during natural viewing can be shown during a typical experiment. This can lead to an uneven sampling of objects that biases our understanding of how they are represented. To address this issue, we developed a data‐driven approach to stimulus selection that involved describing a large number objects in terms of their image properties. In the first experiment, clusters of objects were evenly selected from this multi‐dimensional image space. Although the clusters did not have any consistent semantic features, each elicited a distinct pattern of neural response. In the second experiment, we asked whether high‐level, category‐selective patterns of response could be elicited by objects from other categories, but with similar image properties. Object clusters were selected based on the similarity of their image properties to objects from five different categories (bottle, chair, face, house, and shoe). The pattern of response to each metameric object cluster was similar to the pattern elicited by objects from the corresponding category. For example, the pattern for bottles was similar to the pattern for objects with similar image properties to bottles. In both experiments, the patterns of response were consistent across participants providing evidence for common organising principles. This study provides a more ecological approach to understanding the perceptual representations of objects and reveals the importance of image properties.
Multiclassifier for severity‐level categorization of glioma tumors using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging brain images
Authors: Michael Mahesh K. , Arokia Renjit J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBrain tumor segmentation and classification is a crucial challenge in diagnosing, planning, and treating brain tumors. This article proposes an automatic method that categorizes the severity level of the tumors to render an effective diagnosis. The proposed fractional Jaya optimizer‐deep convolutional neural network undergoes the severity classification based on the features obtained from the segments of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. The segments are obtained using the particle swarm optimization that ensures the optimal selection of the segments from the MRI image and yields the core tumor and the edema tumor regions. The experimentation using the BRATS database reveals that the proposed method acquired a maximal accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of 0.9414, 0.9429, and 0.9708, respectively.
Cellular transformations in near‐infrared light‐induced apoptosis in cancer cells revealed by label‐free CARS imaging
Authors: Levchenko Svitlana M. , Kuzmin Andrey N. , Pliss Artem , Ohulchanskyy Tymish Y. , Prasad Paras N. , Qu Junle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhotobiomodulation (PBM) involves light to activate cellular signaling pathways leading to cell proliferation or death. In this work, fluorescence and Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) imaging techniques were applied to assess apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) induced by near infrared (NIR) laser light (808 nm). Using the Caspase 3/7 fluorescent probe to identify apoptotic cells, we found that the pro‐apoptotic effect is significantly dependent of irradiation dose. The highest apoptosis rate was noted for the lower irradiation doses, that is, 0.3 J/cm2 (~58%) and 3 J/cm2 (~28%). The impact of light doses on proteins/lipids intracellular metabolism and distribution was evaluated using CARS imaging, which revealed apoptosis‐associated reorganization of nuclear proteins and cytoplasmic lipids after irradiation with 0.3 J/cm2. Doses of NIR light causing apoptosis (0.3, 3 and 30 J/cm2) induced a gradual increase in the nuclear protein level over time, in contrast to proteins in cells non‐irradiated and irradiated with 10 J/cm2. Furthermore, irradiation of the cells with the 0.3 J/cm2 dose resulted in lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation, which was apparently caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. We suggest that PBM induced apoptosis could be caused by the ability of NIR light to trigger excessive LDs formation which, in turn, induces cellular cytotoxicity.
Biomineralization of poly‐l‐lactide spongy bone scaffolds obtained by freeze‐extraction method
Authors: Budnicka Monika , Szymaniak Monika , Kołbuk Dorota , Ruśkowski Paweł , Gadomska‐Gajadhur Agnieszka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractImplants in the form of polymer scaffolds are commonly used to regenerate bone tissue after traumas or tooth extractions. However, few implant formation methods enable building polymer scaffolds allowing to reconstruct larger bone losses without immune response. Spacious, porous poly‐l‐lactide implants with considerable volume were obtained using the phase inversion method with the freeze‐extraction variant. The calcium phosphate (CaP) coating was deposited on implant surfaces with the biomimetic method to improve the implant's osteoconductivity. The substitues morphology was characterized—porosity, size and shape of pores; mechanical properties, mass absorbability of implants before and after mineralization. The characteristics were provided with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), static compression test and hydrostatic weighing, respectively. The presence of CaPs in the entire volume of the implant was confirmed with SEM and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR). The biocompatibility of scaffolds was confirmed with in vitro quantitative test and microscopic observations. The obtained results show that the implants can be used in tissue engineering as a vehicle of platelet‐rich plasma to regenerate critical spongy bone losses.
Therapeutic compression materials and wound dressings for chronic venous insufficiency: A comprehensive review
Authors: Wu Xinbo , Liu Rong , Lao Terence T 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common disorder worldwide. Related pathophysiological mechanisms reportedly involve venous pooling and reduced venous return, leading to heaviness, aching, itchiness, tiredness, varicosities, pigmentation, and even lower limb ulceration. Approaches adopted to manage CVI at various stages of clinical‐etiology‐anatomy‐pathophysiology include compression therapy, pharmacological treatment, ultrasound treatment, surgery, electrical or wireless microcurrent stimulation, and pulsed electromagnetic treatment. Among these, polymer‐based therapeutic compression materials and wound dressings play increasingly key roles in treating all stages of CVI because of their unique physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological functions. However, the characteristics, working mechanisms, and effectiveness of these CVI treatment materials are not comprehensively understood. The present systematic review examines the structures, properties, types, and applications of various polymer‐based compression materials and wound dressings used in prophylaxis and treatment of CVI. Existing problems, limitations, and future trends of CVI treatment materials are also discussed. This review could contribute to the design and application of new functional polymer materials and dressings to enhance the efficiency of CVI treatments, thereby facilitating patients' self‐care ability and long‐term health improvement.
Synthesis, characterization, and cytocompatibility of yttria stabilized zirconia nanopowders for creating a window to the brain
Authors: Rutherford Dana , Exarhos Stephen , Xu Changlu , Niacaris Matt , Mariano Crystal , Dayap Bryce , Mangolini Lorenzo , Liu Huinan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransparent cranial window to the brain is highly desirable for brain therapies because such cranial implant would allow for continuous monitoring of brain disorders and long‐term delivery of photodynamic therapy into the brain without repeated surgeries for opening skull. Nanostructured yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is a potential candidate for the window to the brain application because of its promising mechanical and optical properties. In this study, a new process using aerosol spray pyrolysis was established for synthesizing 6–7 nm YSZ nanopowders with precisely controlled compositions. YSZ nanopowders with 3 M ratios of yttria to zirconia, specifically 3, 6, and 8% yttria in zirconia (referred to as 3YSZ, 6YSZ, and 8YSZ, respectively) were synthesized and characterized. The size, structure, and composition of the produced YSZ nanoparticles are highly controllable and scalable. The in vitro cytocompatibility of the YSZ nanoparticles with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was investigated using a direct exposure culture method for cranial implant applications. Nondoped ZrO2 and commercially available 8YSZ (named as C_8YSZ) served as controls for the in vitro cell studies. BMSCs exhibited normal morphology when cultured with the YSZs of 3 M ratios in the concentrations of 10 mM, 30 mM, and 60 mM, as well as ZrO2 and C_8YSZ controls. The BMSCs cultured with 3YSZ and 6YSZ showed no statistical differences in cell adhesion density when compared with the ZrO2 and C_8YSZ controls at respective concentrations of 10–60 mM. The possible release of YSZ nanoparticles from cranial window implants should be carefully considered and further studied.
Unfolded protein response regulates P53 expression in the pulmonary endothelium
Authors: Akhter Mohammad S. , Uddin Mohammad A. , Barabutis Nektarios 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLung endothelial barrier dysfunction leads to severe pathologies, including the lethal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. P53 has been associated with anti‐inflammatory activities. The current study employs a variety of unfolded protein response (UPR) activators and inhibitors to investigate the regulation of P53 by UPR in lung cells. The bovine cells that were exposed to the UPR inductors brefeldin A, dithiothreitol, and thapsigargin; demonstrated elevated expression levels of P53 compared to the vehicle‐treated cells. On the contrary, the UPR inhibitors N‐acetyl cysteine, kifunensine, and ATP‐competitive IRE1α kinase‐inhibiting RNase attenuator; produced the opposite effects. The outcomes of the present study reveal a positive regulation between UPR and P53. Since it has been shown that a mild induction of the unfolded protein response opposes inflammation, we suggest that P53 is involved in those protective activities in the lung.
G allele of rs7853346 polymorphism in PTENP1 enhances the proliferation of multiple myeloma cancer stem cells by promoting the expression of PTENP1 and its downstream signaling molecules
Authors: Zhang Yehua , Xu Changqing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNoncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as multiple myeloma (MM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of rs7853346 polymorphism in PTENP1, and its downstream signaling molecules, in the pathology of MM. Forty‐three multiple myeloma patients and 35 healthy subjects were recruited and divided into CC, CG, and GG groups according to their genotypes of rs7853346 polymorphism in PTENP1. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western‐blot analyses and immunohistochemistry assays were utilized to compare the expression of PTENP1, miR‐19b, and TSC1 between different groups. In addition, the relationship between PTENP1, miR‐19b, and TSC1, as well as the role of PTENP1 in MM, was explored. Higher levels of PTENP1 and TSC1 mesenger RNA (mRNA) were observed in the MM group, along with a lower level of miR‐19b. Moreover, the protein level of TSC1 in the MM group was evidently upregulated compared to that in the negative control (NC) group. Meanwhile, compared to the CG and GG groups, the CC group showed higher levels of PTENP1 and TSC1 mRNA, as well as a lower level of miR‐19b. According to the results of real‐time PCR, a negative correlation with a correlation coefficient of −0.05 was established between PTENP1 and miR‐19b expression. Similarly, a negative correlation with a correlation coefficient of −0.05 was also established between miR‐19b and TSC1 expression. In addition, the transfection of pcDNA‐PTENP1 or anti‐miR‐19b into cells significantly suppressed miR‐19b expression but obviously increased TSC1 expression. The G allele of rs7853346 polymorphism enhances the proliferation of MM cancer stem cells by promoting the expression of PTENP1 as well as its downstream signaling molecules. Therefore, rs7853346 may become a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of MM.
Development of a novel six‐long noncoding RNA signature predicting survival of patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Gao Xin , Zhang Shufang , Chen Yinyi , Wen Xiaohong , Chen Mei , Wang Shunlan , Zhang Yingai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBladder urothelial carcinoma is a malignant tumor with a high incidence in the uropoietic system. Considerable studies have shown that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in the development and progression of bladder urothelial carcinoma. In this study, the lncRNA expression and clinical data of 377 bladder urothelial carcinoma patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and differentially expressed lncRNAs in cancer and normal groups were evaluated. Univariate COX and multivariate COX regression analyses of prognosis were performed on differentially expressed lncRNAs in the training data sets, six prognosis‐related lncRNAs (LINC02195, LINC01484, LINC01468, SMC2‐AS1, AC011298.1, and PTPRD‐AS1) were assessed, and a six‐lncRNA signature was constructed. The predictive capability of this six‐lncRNA signature was validated in the testing data sets and entire data sets. The prognostic ability of the six‐lncRNA signature was independent of other clinical elements after multivariate COX regression and stratified analyses of with other clinical elements. We performed functional enrichment analysis with the six prognosis‐related lncRNAs. Results of functional enrichment revealed that these prognosis‐related lncRNAs might promote the development and metastasis of bladder urothelial carcinoma. In summary, the six‐lncRNA signature that we developed could effectively predict the prognosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma patients. This six‐lncRNA signature might be a novel independent prognostic marker of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Moreover, it also provides novel insights into the mechanism of bladder urothelial carcinoma.
Administration of metformin alleviates atherosclerosis by promoting H2S production via regulating CSE expression
Authors: Ma Xiaofeng , Jiang Zhisheng , Wang Zuo , Zhang Zhuhua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe therapeutic effect of metformin (Met) on atherosclerosis was studied here. Effects of methionine and Met on the induction of inflammatory response and H2S expression in peritoneal macrophages were evaluated. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry assay, western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were conducted to observe the levels of cystathionine γ‐lyase (CSE), DNA methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1), DNMT3a, DNMT3b, tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐ α), interleukin 1b (IL‐1β), and hydrogen sulfide (H
2S). Luciferase and bisulfite sequencing assays were also utilized to evaluate the CSE promoter activity as well as the methylation status of CSE in transfected cells. Methionine significantly elevated Hcy, TNF‐a, H
2S, and IL‐1β expression while decreasing the level of CSE in C57BL/6 mice. In contrary, co‐treatment with Methionine and Met reduced the detrimental effect of Methionine. Homocysteine (Hcy) decreased H
2S expression while promoting the synthesis of IL‐1β and TNF‐α in THP‐1 and raw264.7 cells. Treatment of THP‐1 and raw264.7 cells with methionine and Met reduced the activity of methionine in dose dependently. Moreover, Hcy increased the expression of DNMT and elevated the level of methylation in the CSE promoter, whereas the co‐treatment with methionine and Met attenuated the effects of Hcy. Methionine significantly decreased plasma level of CSE while increasing the severity of inflammatory responses and plasma level of Hcy, which in turn suppressed H
2S synthesis and enhanced DNA hypermethylation of CSE promoter to promote the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In contrary, co‐treatment with methionine and Met reduced the detrimental effect of methionine.
Effects of organic matters in domestic wastewater on lipid/carbohydrate production and nutrient removal of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated under mixotrophic growth conditions
Authors: Peng Yuan‐Yuan , Gao Feng , Hang Wei‐Jing W , Yang Hong‐Li , Jin Wei‐Hong , Li Chen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe combination of wastewater treatment and algal biofuel production has received increasing attention in recent years owing to its many advantages. In order to clarify the influence of different organic pollutants such as carbohydrates, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and proteins in domestic wastewater on the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris, three simulated domestic sewages containing glucose, sodium acetate (NaAc) and protein respectively were prepared in this study to culture C. vulgaris in mixotrophic way.RESULTSThe biomass productivities of C. vulgaris cultured in wastewaters containing glucose and NaAc were 63.5 and 55.2 mg L−1 day−1 respectively, which were 2.61‐ and 2.27‐fold larger than that achieved in photoautotrophic condition. Owing to the higher biomass productivity, better performance of nutrient removal was also achieved in wastewater containing glucose or NaAc. Different from glucose and NaAc, protein in the wastewater had no significant effect on C. vulgaris growth and nutrient removal. Chlorella vulgaris cultured in NaAc and glucose wastewaters achieved the highest lipid (17.35 mg L−1 day−1) and carbohydrate (18.75 mg L−1 day−1) productivities respectively, indicating that wastewater containing these two organic substances has certain advantages in microalgal liquid biofuel production.CONCLUSIONSOrganic matters in wastewater have important effects on microalgae growth and the chemical composition of algal cells. Carbohydrates and VFAs in wastewater can significantly promote the growth of C. vulgaris and promote the accumulation of lipid by microalgae. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Downsizing obesity: On Ancel Keys, the origins of BMI, and the neglect of excess weight as a health hazard in the United States from the 1950s to 1970s
Authors: Rasmussen Nicolas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn 1972 Body Mass Index, BMI was put forth by physiologist Ancel Keys in his analysis of Seven Countries Study heart disease epidemiological data as the best available measure of obesity. This work culminated more than 20 years of effort by Keys to discredit the accepted measure of obesity, weight relative to height, along with a major public health campaign in the United States to fight heart disease through weight control. Here, I retrace his campaign to replace weight as a measure of obesity and analyze its methodology and relationship to the broader research field of heart disease epidemiology. I also explore why the epidemiological community accepted BMI despite Keys's failure to demonstrate that either it or adiposity (body fat content), were superior as predictors of heart disease—one of the Seven Countries Study's central aims.
Clinical presentation and proteomic signature of patients with TANGO2 mutations
Authors: Mingirulli Nadja , Pyle Angela , Hathazi Denisa , Alston Charlotte L. , Kohlschmidt Nicolai , O'Grady Gina , Waddell Leigh , Evesson Frances , Cooper Sandra B. T. , Turner Christian , Duff Jennifer , Topf Ana , Yubero Delia , Jou Cristina , Nascimento Andrés , Ortez Carlos , García‐Cazorla Angels , Gross Claudia , O'Callaghan Maria , Santra Saikat , Preece Maryanne A. , Champion Michael , Korenev Sergei , Chronopoulou Efsthatia , Anirban Majumdar , Pierre Germaine , McArthur Daniel , Thompson Kyle , Navas Placido , Ribes Antonia , Tort Frederic , Schlüter Agatha , Pujol Aurora , Montero Raquel , Sarquella Georgia , Lochmüller Hanns , Jiménez‐Mallebrera Cecilia , Taylor Robert W. , Artuch Rafael , Kirschner Janbernd , Grünert Sarah C. , Roos Andreas , Horvath Rita 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransport And Golgi Organization protein 2 (TANGO2) deficiency has recently been identified as a rare metabolic disorder with a distinct clinical and biochemical phenotype of recurrent metabolic crises, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, arrhythmias, and encephalopathy with cognitive decline. We report nine subjects from seven independent families, and we studied muscle histology, respiratory chain enzyme activities in skeletal muscle and proteomic signature of fibroblasts. All nine subjects carried autosomal recessive TANGO2 mutations. Two carried the reported deletion of exons 3 to 9, one homozygous, one heterozygous with a 22q11.21 microdeletion inherited in trans. The other subjects carried three novel homozygous (c.262C>T/p.Arg88*; c.220A>C/p.Thr74Pro; c.380+1G>A), and two further novel heterozygous (c.6_9del/p.Phe6del); c.11‐13delTCT/p.Phe5del mutations. Immunoblot analysis detected a significant decrease of TANGO2 protein. Muscle histology showed mild variation of fiber diameter, no ragged‐red/cytochrome c oxidase‐negative fibers and a defect of multiple respiratory chain enzymes and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in two cases, suggesting a possible secondary defect of oxidative phosphorylation. Proteomic analysis in fibroblasts revealed significant changes in components of the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi network and secretory pathways. Clinical presentation of TANGO2 mutations is homogeneous and clinically recognizable. The hemizygous mutations in two patients suggest that some mutations leading to allele loss are difficult to detect. A combined defect of the respiratory chain enzymes and CoQ10 with altered levels of several membrane proteins provides molecular insights into the underlying pathophysiology and may guide rational new therapeutic interventions.
FASTlab Radiosynthesis of the 18F‐labelled HER2‐binding Affibody molecule [18F]GE‐226
Authors: Iveson Peter B. , Glaser Matthias , Indrevoll Bard , Shales Jonathan , Mantzilas Dimitrios , Omtvedt Lone , Luthra Sajinder K. , Hiscock Duncan , Grigg Julian 
Published: July 2019

AbstructAn 18F‐labelled human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) receptor binding radiotracer is a potential tool to non‐invasively identify HER2 positive tumour lesions in subjects with recurrent metastatic breast cancer. Having explored the manual radiochemistry to conjugate the Affibody molecule ZHER2:2891 with [18F]4‐fluorobenzaldehyde, we have developed and optimised a full protocol for the automated GE FASTlab synthesiser. Our chemometric model predicted the best radiochemical purity for a short conjugation time (2.8 minutes), a low temperature (65°C), and a medium Affibody molecule precursor amount (5.5 mg). Under these optimised conditions, [18F]GE‐226 was produced after solid‐phase extraction purification with activity yield of 30% ± 7 (n = 18) and a radiochemical purity of 94% ± 2 (n = 18). The synthesis and purification was complete after 43 minutes and provided apparent molar activities of 12 to 30 GBq/μmol (n = 12) at the end of synthesis.