bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reach and messages of the world's largest ivory burn
Authors: Braczkowski Alexander , Holden Matthew H. , O'Bryan Christopher , Choi Chi‐Yeung , Gan Xiaojing , Beesley Nicholas , Gao Yufang , Allan James , Tyrrell Peter , Stiles Daniel , Brehony Peadar , Meney Revocatus , Brink Henry , Takashina Nao , Lin Ming‐Ching , Lin Hsien‐Yung , Rust Niki , Salmo Severino G. , Watson James E.M. , Kahumbu Paula , Maron Martine , Possingham Hugh P. , Biggs Duan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent increases in ivory poaching have depressed African elephant populations. Successful enforcement has led to ivory stockpiling. Stockpile destruction is becoming increasingly popular, and most destruction has occurred in the last 5 years. Ivory destruction is intended to send a strong message against ivory consumption, both in promoting a taboo on ivory use and catalyzing policy change. However, there has been no effort to establish the distribution and extent of media reporting on ivory destruction events globally. We analyzed media coverage of the largest ivory destruction event in history (Kenya, 30 April 2016) across 11 nation states connected to ivory trade. We used an online‐media crawling tool to search online media outlets and subjected 5 of the largest print newspapers (by circulation) in 5 nations of interest to content analysis. Most online news on the ivory burn came from the United States (81% of 1944 articles), whereas most of the print news articles came from Kenya (61% of 157 articles). Eighty‐six to 97% of all online articles reported the burn as a positive conservation action, whereas 4–50% discussed ivory burning as having a negative impact on elephant conservation. Most articles discussed law enforcement and trade bans as effective for elephant conservation. There was more relative search interest globally in the 2016 Kenyan ivory burn than any other burn in 5 years. Ours is the first attempt to track the reach of media coverage relative to an ivory burn and provides a case study in tracking the effects of a conservation‐marketing event.
What are the predictive factors of caecal perforation in patients with obstructing distal colon cancer?
Authors: Sabbagh C. , Siembida N. , Yzet T. , Robert B. , Chivot C. , Browet F. , Mauvais F. , Regimbeau J. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimIn the presence of large bowel obstruction, the choice of treatment is determined by the patient's general status, the tumour characteristics and the perceived risk of caecal perforation. This study was designed to evaluate the predictive factors of impending caecal perforation, and also investigated the use of caecal volumetry.MethodFrom January 2011 to June 2016, patients with obstructive distal colon cancer undergoing emergency laparotomy, for whom a pretreatment CT scan was available, were included in this retrospective, case–control, two‐centre study. Two patient groups were defined: patients with and without impending caecal perforation. The primary end‐point of the study was a determination of predictive factors for caecal perforation.ResultsA total of 72 patients (45 men, 62.5%) were included. Univariate analysis revealed that the presence of pericaecal fluid (P < 0.0001), caecal pneumatosis (P < 0.0001), mean maximum caecal diameter (P = 0.001), mean caecal diameter at the ileocaecal junction (P = 0.0001) and mean caecal volume (P = 0.001) were associated with caecal perforation. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a caecal volume greater than 400 cm3 (P < 0.0001), a maximum caecal diameter > 9 cm (P = 0.002) and a caecal diameter at the ileocaecal junction > 7.5 cm (P = 0.001) were associated with impending caecal perforation. In multivariate analysis, only caecal volume > 400 cm3 (P = 0.001) was correlated with the risk of impending caecal perforation.ConclusionCaecal volumetry is an easy and useful tool to predict impending caecal perforation in patients with large bowel obstruction.
Overcoming resistance to mitochondrial apoptosis by BZML‐induced mitotic catastrophe is enhanced by inhibition of autophagy in A549/Taxol cells
Authors: Bai Zhaoshi , Gao Meiqi , Xu Xiaobo , Zhang Huijuan , Xu Jingwen , Guan Qi , Wang Qing , Du Jianan , Li Zhengqiang , Zuo Daiying , Zhang Weige , Wu Yingliang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesOur previous in vitro study showed that 5‐(3, 4, 5‐trimethoxybenzoyl)‐4‐methyl‐2‐(p‐tolyl) imidazol (BZML) is a novel colchicine binding site inhibitor with potent anti‐cancer activity against apoptosis resistance in A549/Taxol cells through mitotic catastrophe (MC). However, the mechanisms underlying apoptosis resistance in A549/Taxol cells remain unknown. To clarify these mechanisms, in the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy, which are closely associated with MC in BZML‐treated A549 and A549/Taxol cells.MethodsXenograft NSCLC models induced by A549 and A549/Taxol cells were used to evaluate the efficacy of BZML in vivo. The activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was assessed using JC‐1 staining, Annexin V‐FITC/PI double‐staining, a caspase‐9 fluorescence metric assay kit and western blot. The different functional forms of autophagy were distinguished by determining the impact of autophagy inhibition on drug sensitivity.ResultsOur data showed that BZML also exhibited desirable anti‐cancer activity against drug‐resistant NSCLC in vivo. Moreover, BZML caused ROS generation and MMP loss followed by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol in both A549 and A549/Taxol cells. However, the ROS‐mediated apoptotic pathway involving the mitochondria that is induced by BZML was only fully activated in A549 cells but not in A549/Taxol cells. Importantly, we found that autophagy acted as a non‐protective type of autophagy during BZML‐induced apoptosis in A549 cells, whereas it acted as a type of cytoprotective autophagy against BZML‐induced MC in A549/Taxol cells.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the anti‐apoptosis property of A549/Taxol cells originates from a defect in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and autophagy inhibitors can potentiate BZML‐induced MC to overcome resistance to mitochondrial apoptosis.
National Association of Medical Examiners position paper: Recommendations for the investigation and certification of deaths in people with epilepsy
Authors: Middleton Owen , Atherton Daniel , Bundock Elizabeth , Donner Elizabeth , Friedman Daniel , Hesdorffer Dale , Jarrell Heather , McCrillis Aileen , Mena Othon J. , Morey Mitchel , Thurman David , Tian Niu , Tomson Torbjörn , Tseng Zian , White Steven , Wright Cyndi , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: March 2018

SummarySudden unexpected death of an individual with epilepsy can pose a challenge to death investigators, as most deaths are unwitnessed, and the individual is commonly found dead in bed. Anatomic findings (eg, tongue/lip bite) are commonly absent and of varying specificity, thereby limiting the evidence to implicate epilepsy as a cause of or contributor to death. Thus it is likely that death certificates significantly underrepresent the true number of deaths in which epilepsy was a factor. To address this, members of the National Association of Medical Examiners, North American SUDEP Registry, Epilepsy Foundation SUDEP Institute, American Epilepsy Society, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention constituted an expert panel to generate evidence‐based recommendations for the practice of death investigation and autopsy, toxicological analysis, interpretation of autopsy and toxicology findings, and death certification to improve the precision of death certificate data available for public health surveillance of epilepsy‐related deaths. The recommendations provided in this paper are intended to assist medical examiners, coroners, and death investigators when a sudden unexpected death in a person with epilepsy is encountered.
TAYLOR PROJECTION: A NEW SOLUTION METHOD FOR DYNAMIC GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS
Authors: Levintal Oren 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article presents a new solution method for dynamic equilibrium models. The solution is approximated by polynomials that zero the residual function and its derivatives at a given point x0. The algorithm is essentially a type of projection but is significantly faster, since the problem is highly sparse and can be easily solved by a Newton solver. The obtained solution is accurate locally in the neighborhood of x0. Importantly, a local solution can be obtained at any point of the state space. This makes it possible to solve models at points that are further away from the steady state.
Immune responses in stroke: how the immune system contributes to damage and healing after stroke and how this knowledge could be translated to better cures?
Authors: Rayasam Aditya , Hsu Martin , Kijak Julie A. , Kissel Lee , Hernandez Gianna , Sandor Matyas , Fabry Zsuzsanna 
Published: March 2018

SummaryStroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The long‐standing dogma that stroke is exclusively a vascular disease has been questioned by extensive clinical findings of immune factors that are associated mostly with inflammation after stroke. These have been confirmed in preclinical studies using experimental animal models. It is now accepted that inflammation and immune mediators are critical in acute and long‐term neuronal tissue damage and healing following thrombotic and ischaemic stroke. Despite mounting information delineating the role of the immune system in stroke, the mechanisms of how inflammatory cells and their mediators are involved in stroke‐induced neuroinflammation are still not fully understood. Currently, there is no available treatment for targeting the acute immune response that develops in the brain during cerebral ischaemia. No new treatment has been introduced to stroke therapy since the discovery of tissue plasminogen activator therapy in 1996. Here, we review current knowledge of the immunity of stroke and identify critical gaps that hinder current therapies. We will discuss advances in the understanding of the complex innate and adaptive immune responses in stroke; mechanisms of immune cell‐mediated and factor‐mediated vascular and tissue injury; immunity‐induced tissue repair; and the importance of modulating immunity in stroke.
The interstitiality ofITrisk: An inquiry into information systems development practices
Authors: Öbrand Lars , Augustsson Nils‐Petter , Mathiassen Lars , Holmström Jonny 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInformation systems development (ISD) has been part of the core of information systems for over 40 years. Throughout its history, the issue of risk has been closely related to ISD projects, and significant efforts have been made by researchers and practitioners to improve their quality. While important headway has been made in assessing and resolving ISD risk, the literature shows that new and salient risks emerge outside the scope of extant risk management regimes. As a consequence, organizations still struggle with leveraging new technology as projects continue to fail at almost the same rate, albeit for different reasons. Understood as the distinction between reality and possibility, risk is inherently intertwined with practice and rooted in the knowledge, goals, power, and values of specific actors in particular contexts. Hence, to understand how risks emerge, we present a longitudinal case study in which we trace the origin and locus of risks in contemporary ISD practices. We draw on these insights to theorize information technology risk as increasingly interstitial, originating from sources positioned in between established practices and therefore outside the scope of conventional risk analyses. In conclusion, we discuss interstitial risks as an important form of emergent risk with implications for both research and practice.
An integer programming column generation principle for heuristic search methods
Authors: Zhao Yixin , Larsson Torbjörn , Rönnberg Elina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in integrating column generation and heuristic approaches to efficiently solve large‐scale discrete optimisation problems. We contribute in this direction. Based on the insights from Lagrangian duality theory, we present an auxiliary problem that can be used for finding near‐optimal solutions to a discrete column‐oriented model. The structure of this auxiliary problem makes it suitable for being addressed with a heuristic search method involving column generation. To this end, we suggest a large neighbourhood search strategy where the repair step is to solve a column generation type subproblem. The suggested search strategy and mathematical models involved need to be tailored to the problem structure. To illustrate important design options and computational behaviour, four applications are studied: bin packing, generalised assignment, a resource allocation problem and the fixed‐charge transportation problem.
Epoxy‐based gelcasting of machinable hydroxyapatite foams for medical applications
Authors: Stastny Premysl , Chlup Zdenek , Kalasova Dominika , Zikmund Tomas , Kaiser Jozef , Trunec Martin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMachinable hydroxyapatite foams for subtractive manufacturing of customized bone scaffolds have been developed. The foams were prepared by direct foaming of water‐based hydroxyapatite suspension with dissolved epoxy resin. The foams were consolidated by gelation of the epoxy‐based suspension in air atmosphere. The effect of processing conditions on the foam structure was investigated. The foams had a cellular‐like structure with interconnected pores. The sintered foam with 78% open porosity, the most frequent pore size 430 μm, and the most frequent interconnecting pore window size 150 μm, has been chosen as the foam with the optimal structure from the viewpoint of an application in bone regeneration. The compressive strength of this sintered foam reached 3.3 MPa. The machinability of the optimal foam was investigated using computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling of a test pattern. The milling tests were carried out with the foam at different processing stages and after impregnation with paraffin wax. The best milling result was obtained for a dried foam impregnated with paraffin. The applicability of the whole processing chain was demonstrated and a customized scaffold was manufactured.
Nurses’ attitudes and behaviour towards patients’ use of complementary therapies: A mixed methods study
Authors: Hall Helen , Brosnan Caragh , Cant Robyn , Collins Melissa , Leach Matthew 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo explore Registered Nurses’ attitudes and behaviour towards patients’ use of complementary therapies.BackgroundDespite high rates of use of complementary therapies by the general population, little is known of how nurses respond to patients’ use of these therapies.DesignA two‐phase sequential exploratory mixed methods design.MethodsNineteen Registered Nurses working in Australia participated in a semi‐structured interview in 2015–2016 and emerging themes informed the development of a quantitative survey instrument administered online nationwide in 2016.FindingsEmerging key themes “Promoting safe care”; “Seeking complementary therapies knowledge”;” Supporting holistic health care”; and “Integrating complementary therapies in practice” were reflected in survey results. Survey responses (N = 614) revealed >90% agreement that complementary therapies align with a holistic view of health and that patients have the right to use them. Most nurses (77.5%) discussed complementary therapies with patients and 91.8% believed nurses should have some understanding of the area. One‐third did not recommend complementary therapies and there was a lack of overall consensus as to whether these therapies should be integrated into nursing practice. Nurses with training in complementary therapies held more positive views than those without.ConclusionNurses were generally supportive of patients’ interest in complementary therapies, although their primary concern was safety of the patient. Despite broad acceptance that nurses should have a basic understanding of complementary therapies, there was a lack of consensus about recommendation, integration into nursing practice and referral. Further research should explore how nurses can maintain safe, patient‐centred care in the evolving pluralistic healthcare system.
Systematic review and narrative summary: Treatments for and risk factors associated with respiratory tract secretions (death rattle) in the dying adult
Authors: Kolb Hildegard , Snowden Austyn , Stevens Elaine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo identify effective treatments and risk factors associated with death rattle in adults at the end of life.BackgroundThe presence of noisy, pooled respiratory tract secretions is among the most common symptoms in dying patients around the world. It is unknown if “death rattle” distresses patients, but it can distress relatives and clinicians. Treatments appear unsatisfactory, so prophylaxis would be ideal if possible.DesignQuantitative systematic review and narrative summary following Cochrane Collaboration guidelines.Data sourcesCINAHL, MEDLINE, Health Source Nursing and Web of Science were searched for international literature in any language published from 1993 ‐ 2016 using MeSH headings and iterative interchangeable terms for “death rattle”.Review methodsRandomized controlled trials were appraised using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Non‐randomized studies were assessed using ROBINS‐I tool for assessing risk of bias in non‐randomized studies of interventions. Instances of treatment and risk were extracted and relevant key findings extracted in line with Cochrane methods.RESULTSFive randomized trials and 23 non‐randomized studies were analysed. No pharmacological or non‐pharmacological treatment was found superior to placebo. There was a weak association between lung or brain metastases and presence of death rattle, but otherwise inconsistent empirical support for a range of potential risk factors.ConclusionsClinicians have no clear evidence to follow in either treating death rattle or preventing it occurring. However, several risk factors look promising candidates for prospective analysis, so this review concludes with clear recommendations for further research.
Space–time patterns of body size variation in island bovids: The key role of predatory release
Authors: Rozzi Roberto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimI provide the first comprehensive study on body size evolution of extinct and living insular bovids, exploring the causal biotic and abiotic selective factors for observed patterns.LocationIslands worldwide.MethodsI assembled data on the geographic characteristics of 13 focal islands (area, isolation, latitude, net primary productivity) and on the ecological and morphological characteristics of 32 insular bovid taxa (number of predators and competitors, richness of large mammals, body mass of mainland relatives). I used linear regressions and machine learning methods (regression trees and random forest analyses) to examine the hypothesized contextual importance of these factors in explaining variation in the body size of island bovids. I also calculated evolutionary rates of body size divergence of focal taxa in order to assess whether this phenomenon is influenced by time in isolation.ResultsThe results of regression, regression tree and random forest analyses were in agreement with predictions based on a hypothesis of ecological release (more pronounced body size divergence on islands with the fewest competitors and predators). Only limited support for a resource limitation hypothesis (more pronounced body size divergence for the larger taxa on smaller islands) was found.Main conclusionsThe majority of insular bovids, as large mammals, do follow the main prediction of the island rule, exhibiting body size reduction, and predator diversity is the main factor influencing body size evolution of these taxa. Results obtained highlighted the crucial role of time in isolation, with body size reduction becoming more pronounced for bovids with longer residence times on the islands.
Aggregating Polytomous DIF Results Over Multiple Test Administrations
Authors: Zwick Rebecca , Ye Lei , Isham Steven 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn typical differential item functioning (DIF) assessments, an item's DIF status is not influenced by its status in previous test administrations. An item that has shown DIF at multiple administrations may be treated the same way as an item that has shown DIF in only the most recent administration. Therefore, much useful information about the item's functioning is ignored. In earlier work, we developed the Bayesian updating (BU) DIF procedure for dichotomous items and showed how it could be used to formally aggregate DIF results over administrations. More recently, we extended the BU method to the case of polytomously scored items. We conducted an extensive simulation study that included four “administrations” of a test. For the single‐administration case, we compared the Bayesian approach to an existing polytomous‐DIF procedure. For the multiple‐administration case, we compared BU to two non‐Bayesian methods of aggregating the polytomous‐DIF results over administrations. We concluded that both the BU approach and a simple non‐Bayesian method show promise as methods of aggregating polytomous DIF results over administrations.
Ambiguous loss and post‐traumatic growth: Experiences of mothers whose school‐aged children were born extremely prematurely
Authors: Wilson Caroline , Cook Catherine 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo develop insight into the experiences of mothers whose school‐aged children were born extremely prematurely.BackgroundExtreme prematurity, where infants are born at 28 weeks or earlier, has significant initial maternal impact in terms of distress, uncertainty and disruption to maternal identity. However, little is known about the experiences of these mothers beyond their child's infancy.DesignA qualitative study was undertaken using thematic analysis, drawing on a cluster of social constructionist theories that have been applied to studies investigating mothers’ early preterm or childhood disability experiences.MethodsThe study involved face‐to‐face interviews with nine mothers whose children were born prior to 28 weeks and were now aged between 4‐to‐7 years old.ResultsParticipants described a prolonged period of anxiety, and relative isolation due to infection fears and complex care regimes. Although they grieved their different mothering trajectory, they celebrated their children's successes and noted their own resilience. The following themes were identified: traumatic beginnings; dialectics and the horror‐miracle contradiction; labour‐intensive parenting and managing the multidisciplinary team; stigma and storying the meaning of premature birth; and impact on relationships.ConclusionsWomen's vulnerability and resilience are evident long after the birth of an extremely prematurely born infant. Women value connection with similar mothers, and yet finding community is often daunting due to their children's early complex needs. Generalist healthcare providers may be unaware of the experiences these mothers have endured, and need to enquire about their well‐being.Relevance to clinical practiceThe lives of mothers of extremely preterm infants may take years to merge with the world of those mothers who parent healthy, term infants. Neonatal nurses and those in primary health care are well placed to notice signs of isolation, depression and anxiety, and to support and refer women appropriately.