bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aortic diastolic pressure decay modulates relation between worsened aortic stiffness and myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance after resistance exercise
Authors: Tagawa Kaname , Takahashi Akari , Yokota Atsumu , Sato Tomohito , Maeda Seiji 
Published: July 2019

High-intensity resistance exercise (RE) increases aortic stiffness and decreases the index of myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance (Buckberg index, BI); there is a correlation between the changes in these parameters. Central hemodynamics during diastole can explain the correlation. We aimed to investigate whether the aortic diastolic decay index mediates the association between changes in aortic stiffness and BI by high-intensity RE. We evaluated the effect of high-intensity RE on aortic stiffness, BI, aortic decay index, and their associations in 52 young men. Subjects were studied under parallel experimental conditions on two separate days. The order of experiments was randomized between RE (5 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of 1-repetition maximum) and sham control (seated rest). Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV; index of aortic stiffness), BI, and aortic decay index were measured in all subjects. Aortic decay index was quantified by fitting an exponential curve: P( t) = P0e−λ t (where λ is decay index, P0 is end-systolic pressure and t is time from end-systole). Aortic PWV and decay index increased and BI decreased after RE. RE conditions showed that change in the aortic decay index was associated with changes in aortic PWV and changes in aortic PWV were related to changes in BI, although the PWV-BI relationship was not significant after accounting for decay index change. Mediation analysis revealed the mediating effect of the aortic decay index on the relationship between changes in aortic PWV and BI. The present findings suggest that high-intensity RE-induced aortic stiffening worsens myocardial viability by accelerating aortic diastolic exponential decay. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and diastolic decay index increased and Buckberg index (BI) decreased after resistance exercise (RE). Mediation analysis revealed a mediating effect of aortic decay index on the relationship between changes in aortic PWV and BI. The present study provides evidence that high-intensity RE-induced aortic stiffening accelerates aortic decay and aortic decay can account for the relationship between aortic stiffening and a deteriorated surrogate marker of myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance induced by high-intensity RE.
Deviation from the Proportional Hazards Assumption in Randomized Phase 3 Clinical Trials in Oncology: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Implications
Authors: Rahman Rifaquat , Fell Geoffrey , Ventz Steffen , Arfé Andrea , Vanderbeek Alyssa M. , Trippa Lorenzo , Alexander Brian M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Deviations from proportional hazards (DPHs), which may be more prevalent in the era of precision medicine and immunotherapy, can lead to underpowered trials or misleading conclusions. We used a meta-analytic approach to estimate DPHs across cancer trials, investigate associated factors, and evaluate data-analysis approaches for future trials.
Experimental Design: We searched PubMed for phase III trials in breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer published in a preselected list of journals between 2014 and 2016 and extracted individual patient-level data (IPLD) from Kaplan–Meier curves. We re-analyzed IPLD to identify DPHs. Potential efficiency gains, when DPHs were present, of alternative statistical methods relative to standard log-rank based analysis were expressed as sample-size requirements for a fixed power level.

Results:
From 152 trials, we obtained IPLD on 129,401 patients. Among 304 Kaplan–Meier figures, 75 (24.7%) exhibited evidence of DPHs, including eight of 14 (57%) KM pairs from immunotherapy trials. Trial type [immunotherapy, odds ratio (OR), 4.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–16.6], metastatic patient population (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.26–8.05), and non-OS endpoints (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.79–5.88) were associated with DPHs. In immunotherapy trials, alternative statistical approaches allowed for more efficient clinical trials with fewer patients (up to 74% reduction) relative to log-rank testing.

Conclusions:
DPHs were found in a notable proportion of time-to-event outcomes in published clinical trials in oncology and was more common for immunotherapy trials and non-OS endpoints. Alternative statistical methods, without proportional hazards assumptions, should be considered in the design and analysis of clinical trials when the likelihood of DPHs is high.
ОКИСНЮВАЛЬНІ ПРОЦЕСИ В ЩУРІВ РІЗНОГО ВІКУ ЗА КОМБІНОВАНОЇ ДІЇ СОЛЕЙ ВАЖКИХ МЕТАЛІВ ТА ФОСФОРОРГАНІЧНИХ ПЕСТИЦИДІВ
Authors: Dmukhalska Ye. B. , Yaroshenko T. Ya. 
Published: July 2019

Вступ. Отруєння солями важких металів, таких, як Плюмбум, Купрум, є небезпечним для здоров’я населення. В організм людини велика частина цих сполук надходить із продуктами харчування, питною водою, атмосферним повітрям та ін. Свинець, мідь та їх сполуки проявляють кумулятивну, цитотоксичну дію на організм, викликають активацію окcидативного стресу.
Мета дослідження – вивчити коригувальну дію пептиду на окиснювальні процеси у тварин різних вікових періодів, уражених Плюмбуму ацетатом, Купруму сульфатом і гліфосатом у формі раундапу.
Методи дослідження. Досліди проводили на лабораторних нелінійних білих щурах-самцях трьох вікових періодів: статевонезрілих (молодих масою 70–90 г і віком 1–3 міс.), статевозрілих (дорослих масою 170–210 г і віком 5–8 міс.), старих (масою 250–300 г і віком 20–24 міс.), яким внутрішньошлунково протягом 30-ти днів вводили водні розчини Плюмбуму ацетату, Купруму сульфату і гліфосату у формі гербіциду раундапу та виконували корекцію порушень вільнорадикального окиснення ліпідів і білків пептидом цистеїл-гістидил-тирозил-гістидил-ізолейцином. Швидкість процесів вільнорадикального окиснення оцінювали за вмістом ТБК-активних продуктів, дієнових кон’югатів та окисномодифікованих білків (ОМБ370 і ОМБ430) у сироватці крові.
Результати й обговорення. Досліджено комбіновану дію Плюмбуму ацетату, Купруму сульфату і гліфосату на показники окисної модифікації білків і ліпідів у щурів різних вікових періодів. Встановлено, що досліджувані ксенобіотики підвищують концентрацію ТБК-активних продуктів, дієнових кон’югатів, окисну модифікацію білків.
Висновок. Введення Плюмбуму ацетату, Купруму сульфату і гліфосату у формі раундапу викликає в щурів оксидативний стрес, який супроводжується зростанням вмісту продуктів вільнорадикального окиснення ліпідів та білків.
“Divertidamente”e a análise comparativa das escolhas tradutórias na legendagem sob o prisma de Umberto Eco
Authors: Silva Luísa da , Fernandez Carla Cristina 
Published: July 2019

Para o presente estudo, tomamos como parâmetro teórico as discussões de Umberto Eco na obra Quase a mesma coisa (2011) no que diz respeito ao que o autor chama de “perdas e compensações” da tradução e “violação da referência”, problematizando os efeitos positivos e negativos que o uso desses termos oferece aos estudos descritivos da tradução. Dessa forma, aplicamos os conceitos e as discussões de Eco (2011) no corpus audiovisual selecionado: as legendas do filme de animação “Inside Out” (em inglês estadunidense) e suas três versões: “Divertidamente” (em português brasileiro), “Del revés” (em espanhol castelhano) e “Intensamente” (em espanhol latino). Por meio do estudo comparativo entre as quatro amostras de língua, nosso objetivo é descrever e analisar as escolhas tradutórias de cada versão.
Diesel Exhaust Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Hyperlipidemia, and Liver Steatosis
Authors: Yin Fen , Gupta Rajat , Vergnes Laurent , Driscoll Will S. , Ricks Jerry , Ramanathan Gajalakshmi , Stewart James A. , Shih Diana M. , Faull Kym F. , Beaven Simon W. , Lusis Aldons J. , Reue Karen , Rosenfeld Michael E. , Araujo Jesús A. 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
Air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Our goal was to dissect the mechanisms involved.

Approach and Results:

We assessed the effects of exposure to air pollution on lipid metabolism in mice through assessment of plasma lipids and lipoproteins, oxidized fatty acids 9-HODE (9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic) and 13-HODE (13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic), lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Findings were corroborated, and mechanisms were further assessed in HepG2 hepatocytes in culture. ApoE knockout mice exposed to inhaled diesel exhaust (DE, 6 h/d, 5 days/wk for 16 weeks) exhibited elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, increased hepatic triglyceride content, and higher hepatic levels of 9-HODE and 13-HODE, as compared to control mice exposed to filtered air. A direct effect of DE exposure on hepatocytes was demonstrated by treatment of HepG2 cells with a methanol extract of DE particles followed by loading with oleic acid. As observed in vivo, this led to increased triglyceride content and significant downregulation of
ACAD9
mRNA expression. Treatment of HepG2 cells with DE particles and oleic acid did not alter de novo lipogenesis but inhibited total, mitochondrial, and ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate, indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment of isolated mitochondria, prepared from mouse liver, with DE particles and oleic acid also inhibited mitochondrial complex activity and β-oxidation.

Conclusions:
DE exposure leads to dyslipidemia and liver steatosis in ApoE knockout mice, likely due to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased lipid catabolism.
International Law as an Adaptation Measure to Sea-level Rise and Its Impacts on Islands and Offshore Features
Authors: Oral Nilüfer 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Climate change-induced sea-level rise will result in the partial or complete inundation of low-lying coastal areas and insular features. The consequences of this include the loss of baselines from which maritime zones are established. The loss of baselines raises a number of legal questions, in particular concerning the legal status of maritime entitlements and in some cases the potential loss of statehood. Solutions proposed include maintaining existing baselines or outer limits of maritime zones, or the construction de novo of artificial islands. This article examines the current state of international law under the international climate-change regime and the law of the sea in relation to adaptation and adaptive measures, such as maintaining of baselines, island fortification and the construction of artificial islands. In addition, the article explores the question as to whether measures such as maintaining baselines would constitute adaptive measures under the existing climate-change regime.
Processes Shaping the Frontal-Scale Time-Mean Surface Wind Convergence Patterns around the Kuroshio Extension in Winter
Authors: Masunaga Ryusuke , Nakamura Hisashi , Taguchi Bunmei , Miyasaka Takafumi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHigh-resolution satellite observations and numerical simulations have revealed that climatological-mean surface wind convergence and precipitation are enhanced locally around the midlatitude warm western boundary currents (WBCs) with divergence slightly to their poleward side. While steep sea surface temperature (SST) fronts along the WBCs have been believed to play an important role in shaping those frontal-scale atmospheric structures, the mechanisms and processes involved are still under debate. The present study explores specific daily scale atmospheric processes that are essential for shaping the frontal-scale atmospheric structure around the Kuroshio Extension (KE) in winter, taking advantage of a new product of global atmospheric reanalysis. Cluster analysis and case studies reveal that a zonally extending narrow band of surface wind convergence frequently emerges along the KE, which is typically observed under the surface northerlies after the passage of a developed synoptic-scale cyclone. Unlike its counterpart around the cyclone center and associated cold front, the surface convergence tends to be in moderate strength and more persistent, contributing dominantly to the distinct time-mean convergence/divergence contrast across the SST front. Accompanying ascent and convective precipitation, the band of convergence is a manifestation of a weak stationary atmospheric front anchored along the SST front or generation of a weak meso-α-scale cyclone. By reinforcing the ascent and convergence, latent heating through convective processes induced by surface convergence plays an important role in shaping the frontal-scale atmospheric structure around the KE.
Electrically Active Tropical Cyclone Diurnal Pulses in the Atlantic Basin
Authors: Ditchek Sarah D. , Corbosiero Kristen L. , Fovell Robert G. , Molinari John 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile the frequency and structure of Atlantic basin tropical cyclone diurnal cooling and warming pulses have recently been explored, how often diurnal pulses are associated with deep convection was left unanswered. Here, storm-relative, GridSat-B1, 6-h IR brightness temperature difference fields were supplemented with World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) data to answer that question. Electrically active, long-lived cooling and warming pulses were defined objectively by determining critical thresholds for the lightning flash density, areal coverage, and longevity within each pulse. Pulses with lightning occurred 61% of the time, with persistently electrically active pulses (≥9 h, ACT) occurring on 38% of pulse days and quasi–electrically active pulses (3–6 h, QUASI) occurring on 23% of pulse days. Electrically inactive pulses (<3 h, INACT) occurred 39% of the time. ACT pulse days had more pulses located right-of-shear, the preferred quadrant for outer-rainband lightning activity, and were associated with more favorable environmental conditions than INACT pulse days. Cooling pulses were more likely to occur in lower-shear environments while warming pulses were more likely to occur in high-shear environments. Finally, while the propagation speeds of ACT and INACT cooling pulses and ACT warming pulses did lend support to the recent gravity wave and tropical squall-line explanations of diurnal pulses, the INACT warming pulses did not and should be studied further.
Ethics Education During Palliative Medicine Fellowship
Authors: Vig Elizabeth K. , Merel Susan E. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Palliative care clinicians frequently encounter situations in which there are ethical dilemmas about the right thing to do. Palliative medicine fellowships are required to include education about ethics. Our fellowship increased fellows’ ethics education through monthly didactics, lectures in a professional development series, and a month-long ethics rotation. Methods: We sought input from graduates of our palliative medicine fellowship about the content and amount of the ethics education they received. Fellowship graduates were invited via e-mail to complete an online survey about the ethics education they received during fellowship. They were asked questions about their work environment, frequency with which they encounter ethical dilemmas, their perspectives on the ethics content, the amount of ethics education they received during fellowship, and their input on ways to improve the ethics education within the fellowship. Results: Twenty-eight (82%) of 34 fellowship graduates completed the survey; 93% noted that they encounter ethical dilemmas in their work, with half encountering these on a daily or weekly basis, and 86% noted that colleagues ask them questions about ethics because of their palliative medicine training. None responded that they had received too much ethics education. Fellowship graduates identified ethics content that has been useful since completing fellowship and suggested ways to improve ethics education for future fellows. Conclusion: Graduates of a palliative medicine fellowship encounter ethical dilemmas often and frequently are asked questions about ethics. Palliative medicine fellowships may want to examine their ethics curriculum to ensure that graduating fellows are learning about relevant ethics topics and are comfortable discussing ethical dilemmas with others.
Novas tecnologias no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa: desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Silva Sandro Luis , Lima Juliana Marian Diniz 
Published: July 2019

Desde sempre as tecnologias fazem parte da vida cotidiana das pessoas em suas diferentes interações, dentre essas, podemos pensar aqueles em que ocorrem no cotidiano escolar. Nos últimos anos, temos vivenciado a inserção das novas tecnologias no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na escola básica, mas mesmo contando com laboratório de informática, recursos multimídias ou equipamentos com altas tecnologias, os resultados no processo educacional têm sido satisfatórios, como na leitura e produção de textos nos mais variados gêneros discursivos. Este artigo se propõe a evidenciar alguns desafios que os sujeitos envolvidos na realidade escolar ainda encontram para tornar as novas tecnologias um meio pelo qual seja possível uma Educação de qualidade, que se torne significativa para alunos e professores. Procuramos refletir, sobretudo a partir dos estudos de Maingueneau (2011, 2015), Chartier (2009), Pinheiro (2013), Silva (2012), sobre as possibilidades de uso consciente e planejado de ferramentas tecnológicas nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa na Educação básica, a fim de gerar maior e melhor aprendizagem do aluno. O uso adequado dessas ferramentas fazem com a escola seja um lugar de transformações significativas para todos aqueles nela estão envolvidos, promovendo a constituição de um sujeito discursivo ativo e coerente com a sociedade escolar e para além dela.
Imbuhan Airtanah Buatan untuk Konservasi Cekungan Airtanah Bandung-Soreang
Authors: Purwoarminta Ananta , Lubis Rachmat Fajar , Maria Rizka 
Published: July 2019

Airtanah saat ini telah menjadi isu di dunia dan Indonesia akibat terjadinya degradasi airtanah. Tingginya pertumbuhan penduduk dan industri di wilayah kota telah meningkatkan eksploitasi airtanah, sementara laju pengisian airtanah (infiltrasi) terus menurun. Penurunan laju infiltrasi diakibatkan oleh adanya perubahan tutupan lahan. Berdasarkan permasalahan ini maka konservasi airtanah harus dilakukan untuk menjaga ketahanan air. Cekungan Bandung-Soreang sebagai wilayah perkotaan telah mengalami penurunan muka airtanah sebagai akibat adanya pengambilan airtanah yang berlebih. Tulisan ini adalah telaah dari berbagai metode teknis yang telah diterapkan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut di atas khususnya metode imbuhan buatan untuk konservasi airtanah di Cekungan Bandung. Berbagai teknik telah diterapkan baik oleh masyarakat, industri maupun pemerintah dengan sumber utama adalah air hujan. Namun penurunan muka airtanah masih terus terjadi meskipun upaya-upaya tersebut telah dilakukan. Hasil penelitian terakhir menunjukkan bahwa metode imbuhan buatan hanya mampu mengurangi penurunan muka airtanah. Jika hasil yang diharapkan adalah kembalinya muka airtanah ke kondisi awal maka diperlukan pengembangan metode dan atau penambahan jumlah imbuhan buatan yang sangat banyak. Groundwater becomes an issue globally due to groundwater degradation. The high population and industry growth in the cities had increased the exploitation of groundwater. On the other hand, the rate of infiltration is lower due to city development. Therefore, groundwater conservation is required to maintain water resistance. The Bandung-Soreang Basin, as an urban area, has experienced a decline in groundwater as a result of excessive groundwater extraction. This paper presented a review of various technical methods that have been applied to overcome the problem. Artificial recharge method for groundwater conservation in the Bandung-Soreang Basin has been used by the community, industry, and government, with rainwater as the main source. The most recent condition indicated that the groundwater level has been still decreasing despite these efforts. The results of the latest research suggested that artificial recharge has only reduced the groundwater depletion. To restore the groundwater to its initial condition, we need to develop a new method or simply add a lot more artificial recharges.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОГО И ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ФАЛЬСИФИКАЦИИ ДОКАЗАТЕЛЬСТВ В УГОЛОВНОМ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ
Authors: Поляков Виталий , Сафронов Алексей 
Published: July 2019

В статье осуществляется многоаспектный анализ юридических понятий «фальсификация доказательств по уголовному делу», «фальсификация результатов оперативно-розыскной деятельности» и «фальсификация электронных доказательств по уголовному делу», даются их авторские определения. Обосновывается, что правовая оценка письменной речевой деятельности зависит от юридической стороны вопроса, и наоборот – квалификация деяния как преступной фальсификации неизбежно определяется толкованием юридических терминов. Рассматривается история юридического понятия «фальсификация», его происхождение и эволюция.
Отмечается, что с развитием информационных технологий значительную актуальность приобрели юридические и лингвистические вопросы «фальсификации электронных доказательств». Любое доказательство может иметь как бумажный, так и электронный вид, либо один вид доказательства может быть продублирован другим, поэтому при описании способов и признаков фальсификации (подделки) документов необходимо разграничивать их печатную (материальную) и электронно-цифровую разновидности. При обнаружении фальсификации электронных документов необходима в обязательном порядке фиксация фальсификации данных на бумажном носителе в соответствующих материалах уголовного дела. Учитывая совокупность криминалистического, уголовно-правового и уголовно-процессуального аспектов, фальсификация электронных доказательств становится преступной только тогда, когда она находит свое очевидное отражение в материалах уголовного дела, то есть в акте правоприменения уполномоченного лица, зафиксированном на бумажном носителе. Утверждается, что в силу ряда причин сложилась благоприятная ситуация для активного использования фальсификации электронных доказательств в высокотехнологичных преступлениях.
Panhypopituitarism from neurosarcoidosis in an adolescent: case report and literature review
Authors: Sukumaran Anju 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Neurosarcoidosis is not a common entity from an endocrinology standpoint. Prompt diagnosis is essential in order to determine appropriate treatment and to establish prognosis.

Case presentation
Our case illustrates the difficulties encountered in making a diagnosis of sarcoidosis in an adolescent who presented with polyuria, polydipsia and hypernatremia. She developed panhypopituitarism and her deficits did not improve after treatment.

Conclusion
Pediatric endocrinologists diagnose and treat panhypopituitarism associated with many conditions. Neurosarcoidosis should be considered as part of the diagnosis in patients with panhypopituitarism, especially if there is evidence of multi organ disease. Case reports can effectively address the gap in knowledge due to the limited exposure of physicians to this field, especially in children.