bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term follow‐up of children with Crohn's disease and small bowel mucosal lesions detected through video capsule endoscopy
Authors: Jaakkola Tytti , Merras‐Salmio Laura , Nikkonen Anne , Kolho Kaija‐Leena 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe report disease outcomes of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) affecting the proximal small bowel (SB) and detected through video capsule endoscopy (VCE).MethodsWe undertook a retrospective review of CD patients with VCE performed under age 18 between 2003 and 2017 and having received any biologics. We identified patients from our institutional registry.ResultsEligible patients (n = 118) had their first VCE performed after a median of 0.1 years after diagnostic endoscopies at a median age of 12.2 years. The proximal SB disease group (Paris classification L4b inclusive) comprised 70 patients with extensive SB lesions in 81% and deep ulcers in 79%. Patients with Paris L1–3 disease with no findings in VCE or disease restricted to the terminal ileum comprised the control group. At first VCE, levels of albumin (34 vs. 37 g/L) and hemoglobin (117 vs. 127 g/L) were lower in SB patients (p < 0.02). After the first VCE, 68% were introduced to biologics, while 10% already received them. Follow‐up VCE was performed after a median of 2.4 years (SB group n = 42; controls n = 21). Proximal SB findings had disappeared in 40% of SB patients, and extensive lesions and deep ulcers had decreased to 26% and 29%, respectively (p = 0.001). In the control group, one had progressed to proximal disease. During the clinical follow‐up of a median of 4.7 years, one patient with SB underwent surgery for a jejunal stricture.ConclusionsProximal SB disease detected through capsule endoscopy abated in most patients with biological medication.
Transgenic rice with microbial high‐temperature‐resistant β‐glucosidase gene significantly improved 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline content and edible quality
Authors: Liu Yifan , Xiao Ning , Tang Dongqi , Li Can , Liu Xiao , Xiao Fang , Xia Tao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe content of 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2‐AP) directly affects the aroma and taste of rice. Δ1‐Pyrroline and methylglyoxal are the precursors of 2‐AP synthesis, and β‐glucosidase plays an important role in the synthesis of methylglyoxal. In this study, β‐glucosidase gene cloned from Pyrococcus furiosus was molecularly modified to obtain the high‐temperature‐resistant β‐glucosidase gene 371‐β‐glucosidase (T371A), which was transformed into kitaake varieties (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica) by Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation method, and transgenic rice with heterologous expression of T371A was obtained. Experiments were conducted in transgenic rice to investigate whether this gene had an effect on the synthesis of 2‐AP.RESULTSUnder the optimum reaction temperature of 50°C and cooking temperature of 100°C, the enzyme activity of β‐glucosidase in transgenic rice seeds was prominently increased by 260–280% and 419–426% over that of the control, respectively. The content of 2‐AP in transgenic rice seeds significantly increased by 75–105% under normal temperature and high‐temperature cooking conditions compared with the control. It was also found that transgenic rice increased the content of methylglyoxal and decreased the expression of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH2).CONCLUSIONThe high‐temperature‐tolerant β‐glucosidase gene obtained in this study provides an innovative technical strategy for molecular breeding of high‐edible aroma crops and has wide application potential. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhancing shelf‐life and nutritional value of broccoli florets through vacuum impregnation with calcium chloride and ascorbic acid
Authors: Wahid Aseeya , Giri Saroj Kumar , Kate Adinath , Lalita  , Sakare Priyanka , Singh Jashandeep 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKROUNDThe present investigation aimed to enhance the postharvest shelf‐life of broccoli using vacuum impregnation (VI). Broccoli florets were impregnated with physiologically active chemicals, i.e. calcium chloride and ascorbic acid. Post‐impregnation broccoli florets were packed in three different packaging materials (poly(ethylene terephthalate) punnets, low‐density polyethylene pouches and shrink‐wrap film) and stored at two temperatures (5 and 25 °C). The effects of impregnation solutions, packaging materials and storage temperature on physicochemical attributes (weight loss, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total chlorophylls and carotenoid content), antioxidant and phenolic contents, and shelf life were studied. The changes in the chemical structure post‐impregnation and during storage were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.RESULTSResults showed that impregnated broccoli florets exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of biochemical attributes immediately after impregnation. During storage, the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of broccoli florets declined for all the samples. However, the reduction in these properties was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in impregnated florets as compared to untreated control samples. Principal component analysis and FTIR results also indicated a clear difference in the impregnated and control samples. The shelf‐life of broccoli florets stored at 25 °C was assessed as 4 and 3 days for impregnated and control samples, respectively; whereas the samples stored at 5 °C had a shelf‐life of 12 days for impregnated samples and 5 days for the control samples. The findings of the study elucidate the potential of VI in enhancing the initial quality and shelf‐life of broccoli.CONCLUSIONThe deterioration during storage is primarily due to physiological weight loss, a natural loss of water and volatile compounds that occur following harvest due to transpiration and respiration. Excessive transpiration can lead to dehydration, which reduces the quality and shelf‐life of the product. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The history of cytoreduction and HIPEC: Heating up or just blowing smoke?
Authors: Pahlkotter Maranda , Digney Bradley W. , Yu Allen T. , Schmidt Lee , Cohen Noah A. , Sarpel Umut , Lambert Laura 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPeritoneal carcinomatosis carries a grim survival prognosis with complications ranging from the physical to the psychological. Cytoreductive surgery and infusion of heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy have evolved to become a commonly used treatment option in the multi‐modal management of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Here, we examine the origins of surgery over a century ago as a potential cure for peritoneal carcinomatosis and how it has evolved with our knowledge of the disease to its present state. The origin of chemotherapy is similarly described as well as its progressive application in regional therapy, guided by the ongoing development of new agents, better understanding of peritoneal physiology, and improved systemic treatment. We show how these modalities began to be used in tandem, and standardized, leading to randomized trials and better understanding of the possibilities and limitations of treatment. Finally, we discuss the current status of patient selection for cytoreduction and future directions of intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Development of a codebook for the narrative analysis of in‐hospital trauma interviews of patients following stroke
Authors: Meinhausen Corinne , Fatehpuria Anusha , Bhangu Jaifreen , Edmondson Donald , Kronish Ian M. , Wilson Patrick , Sumner Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGiven their sudden onset and life‐threatening consequences, strokes and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) can trigger posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To gain a deeper understanding of the potential influence of factors in patients’ descriptions of these medical events on PTSD, we conducted a standardized trauma interview with a convenience sample of patients hospitalized for suspected stroke/TIA (N = 98) to assess the details and emotional experience of the stroke/TIA event. Three researchers reviewed the interviews and the research literature on risk and protective factors for PTSD. From this analysis, a codebook with descriptions, examples, and scoring protocols for eight Likert scale, two categorical, and four binary codes was developed. Upon demonstrating sufficient interrater reliability, the research team scored all narratives. Three superordinate themes were identified in the analysis: distress (e.g., fear, helplessness), potential protective factors (e.g., positive expectancies, concern for loved ones), and level of detail (e.g., somatic detail, emotional detail). Differences in perceptions, themes, and expectations emerged in the narratives, indicating a wide range of responses following stroke/TIA. Additionally, patient age was negatively correlated with scores for the fear, r = −.34, p < .001, and negative consequences, r = −.24, p = .018, codes and positively associated with the likelihood of having positive expectancies, OR = 1.05, 95% CI [1.00, 1.10], p = .039. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of how patients reflect on their experiences post–stroke/TIA and can inform future research on the contributions of trauma narrative characteristics and emotional responses to PTSD risk.
Prostaglandin E Receptor 2 (EP2) Dysregulation in Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis Nasal Polyp Epithelium
Authors: Smith‐Davidson Prestina , Altartoor Khaled , Kabongo M.M. , Claussen Henry , Arthur Robert A. , Johnston H.R. , DelGaudio John M. , Wise Sarah K. , Solares C.A. , Barrow Emily M. , Magliocca Kelly R. , Koval Michael , Levy Joshua M. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesAllergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is an eosinophilic subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). This study aimed to investigate the transcriptome of AFRS nasal polyp epithelium.MethodsSinonasal epithelial cells were harvested from healthy nasal mucosa and polyp tissue collected from participants undergoing elective sinonasal surgery. Primary epithelial cells were subsequently grown in air/liquid interface and subjected to RNA‐seq analysis, RT‐qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunostaining.ResultsA total of 19 genes were differentially expressed between healthy and AFRS sample epithelium. The second top candidate gene, ranked by adjusted p‐value, was prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2). The upregulation of PTGER2 was confirmed by RT‐qPCR and immunoblot. The presence of the EP2 receptor, encoded by the PTGER2 gene, was confirmed by immunocytochemistry.ConclusionPTGER2 is a potential novel therapeutic target for AFRS. EP2 dysregulation is associated with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease, potentially giving insight into common mechanisms of disease in severe CRSwNP.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2024
Response of Pastoral Mobility to Grassland Degradation and Farmland Development in Arid Regions of Northern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zeng Xiangming , Mao Xixi , Yang Gengjiao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the last half‐century, there has been a shift in nomadism in North Xinjiang from true nomads to transhumant nomads who engage in agricultural pursuits. This change in pastoral mobility has been the result of grassland degradation and the development of agriculture and industry. This study conducts a statistical analysis and field research on pastoral mobility and the development of pastoral areas. The statistical analysis compared the impacts of agricultural, industrial, service‐industrial, and livestock development on human‐induced net primary productivity (NPPH). The field research examined changes in pastoral mobility. The findings indicate that the degradation caused by overgrazing has not yet been proven. The increase in livestock numbers is hindered by the expansion of farmland development, whereas the yield of alfalfa only contributes little. In addition, the results clarify that the decline in pastoral mobility is closely related to livelihood diversity caused by the development of farmland and industry. It suggests that the relationship between farmers and nomads is a crucial element influencing pastoral mobility in the future.
Noise‐Like Pulse Seeded Supercontinuum Generation: An In‐Depth Review For High‐Energy Flat Broadband Sources
Authors: Jose Amala , Chowdhury Sourav Das , Balasubramanian Sudharsan , Krupa Katarzyna , Wang Zhiqiang , Upadhyay B. N. , Grelu Philippe , Kanagaraj Nithyanandan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs the need for compact, cost‐effective, and reliable laser sources continues to rise, fiber lasers have gained widespread interest in science and technology. In recent years, passively mode‐locked fiber lasers (PMLFLs) have emerged as pivotal tools for generating ultrashort pulses, propelling advancements across various domains including communication, manufacturing, medicine, defense, and security. Amongst the various types of lasing states supported by a PMFL, the emphasis in this review is on the noise‐like pulses (NLP) and their potential applications in supercontinuum generation (SCG). Interestingly, the quasi‐stationary operation of the NLP envelope containing numerous chaotic sub‐pulses has facilitated relatively high energy and broad bandwidth compared to standard mode‐locked laser pulses. Moreover, the NLP generation goes beyond a specific cavity arrangement, the nature of mode‐locking or cavity dispersion. Therefore, through this review, the foremost aim is to report the differences in NLPs across various experimental settings reported so far and highlight the strategies beneficial for high‐energy and broadband NLP development directly from a fiber oscillator. Secondly, the application of NLP as a seed laser is examined to stimulate SCG in different types of fibers, underlining the improved supercontinuum characteristics over the conventional ultrashort pulse pumping schemes. Finally, the benefit of NLP‐seeded SCG for various bio‐medical and industrial applications are highlighted, thanks to the broader and flatter continuum achievable through compact experimental settings.
Ultrafast Polarization‐Maintaining Fiber Lasers: Design, Fabrication, Performance, and Applications
Authors: Liu Xuanyi , Ye Feng , Luo Yang , Fu Hongyan , Li Qian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUltrafast polarization‐maintaining fiber lasers (UPMFLs), with superior optical performance and high immunity to environmental disturbances, are highly preferable in a variety of industrial and scientific applications such as high‐precision micromachining and biomedical imaging. Especially, the utilization of PM fibers endows the laser intrinsic stability, thereby enabling the construction of robust and low‐noise optical frequency comb systems. To meet more demanding application challenges, continuous efforts have been invested in the design and fabrication of UPMFLs, aiming to reach unprecedented levels of various pulse parameters, that is, to achieve shorter pulse duration, higher or lower repetition rate, and higher pulse energy. This review presents a detailed overview of different passive mode‐locking techniques for pulsed operation and the most significant achievements in UPMFLs. Representative advances at 1.0, 1.55, and 2.0 µm spectral regions are presented and summarized. The state‐of‐the‐art lasing performance is application‐oriented, and conversely, optical improvements in all‐PM pulsed lasers promote emerging applications, which are also discussed and analyzed. How to overcome the bottlenecks of UPMFLs in terms of pulse duration, repetition rate, emission wavelength, and pulse energy to make them powerful tools for physical, medical, and biological applications remains challenging in the future.
AI‐Based Segmentation for Corrosion Risk Prediction in Carline Designs
Authors: Gollé‐Leidreiter Marcel , Kapfer Konstantin , Mittelbach Andreas , Kowalski Julia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWith shortening development cycles, digital development rises in importance. Therefore, we present an approach to segment digital carlines based on their corrosion risk using digital data sets. A typical carline is described via STL‐Files that accumulate to approximately 25 million triangles. While physics‐based simulation models exist capable of predicting the onset of corrosion in local geometry settings, an application to a complex surface mesh would be prohibitively expensive to compute. This calls for data reduction techniques that reduce the number of triangles by identifying areas prone to corrosion, as well as those that are protected by measures such as adhesives. Therefore, the implementation of corrosion‐prone areas of a body‐in‐white part, as presented in Waibel et al., is extended by implementing a design measure segmentation for adhesive pipes. This work introduces a method to predict corrosion‐protected areas for flanges with adhesives by implementing a feature extraction and a transfer learning‐based workflow for data‐efficient training. The results of the implementation are the validated prediction on body‐in‐white parts with high precision.
Calderón–Zygmund theory on some Lie groups of exponential growth
Authors: De Mari Filippo , Levi Matteo , Monti Matteo , Vallarino Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLet , where is a stratified Lie group and acts on via automorphic dilations. We prove that the group has the Calderón–Zygmund property, in the sense of Hebisch and Steger, with respect to a family of flow measures and metrics. This generalizes in various directions previous works by Hebisch and Steger and Martini et al., and provides a new approach in the development of the Calderón–Zygmund theory in Lie groups of exponential growth. We also prove a weak‐type (1,1) estimate for the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator naturally arising in this setting.
The Perception of Policy Uncertainty and the Labor Income Share of Firms: Empirical Research Based on Double Machine Learning
Authors: Liao Guiming , Hu Zheli , Yang Zhichen , Yin Qianlin , Chen Jiahui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBased on the double machine learning model, this study examines the impact of perception of policy uncertainty (PPU) on labor income share (LIS). We find that PPU negatively influences LIS. Mechanism test indicates that PPU not only results in a reduction in fixed asset investment, distorting human capital structure, but leads to a financing dilemma for firms, ultimately exerting a detrimental effect on LIS. Additionally, PPU primarily diminishes LIS of ordinary employees rather than executives. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of PPU on LIS is significantly more pronounced in firms characterized by smaller union scales and those operating within monopolistic industries.
Incorporating Fairness Into the Gateway‐Based Risk Mitigation Policy for Hazmat Transport
Authors: Cappanera Paola , Nonato Maddalena 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn hazardous material transport on road networks, two conflicting objectives must be addressed simultaneously: minimizing risk and minimizing cost. Risk mitigation policies may yield as a secondary outcome uneven flow distribution on the network. This study empowers an existing risk mitigation policy based on gateways (GBP) to improve fairness. According to GBP, each vehicle is obliged to traverse a compulsory node (a gateway) on its minimum cost itinerary from origin to destination. Gateways must be located on a few network nodes and assigned to vehicles to minimize total risk, yielding a bi‐level optimization problem. GBP already proved able to reduce total risk by opening just a few gateways and to a limited detriment of total cost. However, gateways may end up acting as flow concentrators, thus hampering equity. This study aims to bridge the gap between risk mitigation and fairness. To this aim, we generalize the multi‐commodity flow formulation of the problem by imposing a capacity constraint on the nodes, discuss its impact on the model structure, and experimentally investigate whether it is possible to achieve a more equitable risk distribution and how total risk and total cost are affected.
How, Why and When: Nursing Staff's Experiences of Working With Suicide Risk Assessment Instruments
Authors: Wärdig Rikard , Wallerstedt Isabella , Nyström Anna Mattison , Hultsjö Sally 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAims and objectivesTo describe psychiatric nursing staff´s experiences of working with suicide risk assessment instruments.BackgroundAround the world, approximately 720,000 people die by suicide each year, of which almost 20% have an ongoing contact with specialist psychiatry during their last month alive. To identify which patients have an increased risk of suicide is a highly important task for nursing staff. Suicidal behaviour is complex and unpredictable. Nursing staff work closely with patients in everyday psychiatric care and often possess unique patient knowledge. These professionals must therefore be able to know when a patient's eventual suicidality requires further attention and efforts.DesignA descriptive qualitative study.MethodsConvenience sampling including nursing staff with more than 2 years of experience in specialist psychiatry. The data collection took place through semi‐structured interviews and was then analysed according to conventional content analysis.ResultsThe nursing staff felt that a natural conversation is superior suicide risk assessment instruments and that experience and patient knowledge are the primary factors for facilitating a suicide risk assessment. This meant that some nursing staff rarely used suicide risk assessment instruments, although they sometimes could be a useful support in the conversation and provided a sense of personal security when documenting results.ConclusionSuicide risk assessment instrument can be significant and helpful in certain cases, but the essential components of a suicide risk assessment consist of a conversation to understand the meaning of suicide from the patient's perspective.Patient or Public ContributionPsychiatric nursing staff contributed to this study by sharing their experiences through interviews.
Psychological Distress in Patients With Recurrent Ectopic Pregnancies: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ren Na‐Na , De Ala Minerva B. , Chang Ling , Gao Yuan , Li Ming‐Xia , Li Ke‐Li 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimMost patients with ectopic pregnancies experience a high level of psychological distress for various reasons. The psychological state and needs of patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancies need to be seriously addressed. However, psychological distress in patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancy has not been widely studied. The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand the prevalence and factors influencing psychological distress in patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancies.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study follows the STROBE guidelines. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was utilised to assess the level of psychological stress in patients. The Kruskal–Wallis test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the factors influencing psychological stress in patients with different conditions.ResultsA total of 134 patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancies completed the survey, and most patients experienced moderate‐to‐severe psychological distress. The psychological distress experienced by patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancies is complex and dynamic, influenced by various factors. Among them, the main factors affecting the psychological distress of patients were age, education level, number of children, number of abortions, medical insurance and economic pressure (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study suggests that the psychological distress experienced by patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancies is universal and cannot be ignored. It is necessary to pay attention to the psychological needs of patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancies and carry out scientific and effective psychological care management.