bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiber Reinforced Layered Dielectric Nanocomposite
Authors: Rahman Muhammad M. , Puthirath Anand B. , Adumbumkulath Aparna , Tsafack Thierry , Robatjazi Hossein , Barnes Morgan , Wang Zixing , Kommandur Sampath , Susarla Sandhya , Sajadi Seyed Mohammad , Salpekar Devashish , Yuan Fanshu , Babu Ganguli , Nomoto Kazuki , Islam SM , Verduzco Rafael , Yee Shannon K. , Xing Huili G. , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPolymer dielectrics find applications in modern electronic and electrical technologies due to their low density, durability, high dielectric breakdown strength, and design flexibility. However, they are not reliable at high temperatures due to their low mechanical integrity and thermal stability. Herein, a self‐assembled dielectric nanocomposite is reported, which integrates 1D polyaramid nanofibers and 2D boron nitride nanosheets through a vacuum‐assisted layer‐by‐layer infiltration process. The resulting nanocomposite exhibits hierarchical stacking between the 2D nanosheets and 1D nanofibers. Specifically, the 2D nanosheets provide a thermally conductive network while the 1D nanofibers provide mechanical flexibility and robustness through entangled nanofiber–nanosheet morphologies. Experiments and density functional theory show that the nanocomposites through thickness heat transfer processes are nearly identical to that of boron nitride due to synergistic stacking of polyaramid units onto boron nitride nanosheets through van der Waals interactions. The nanocomposite sheets outperform conventional dielectric polymers in terms of mechanical properties (about 4–20‐fold increase of stiffness), light weight (density ≈1.01 g cm−3), dielectric stability over a broad range of temperature (25–200 °C) and frequencies (103–106 Hz), good dielectric breakdown strength (≈292 MV m−1), and excellent thermal management capability (about 5–24 times higher thermal conductivity) such as fast heat dissipation.
Nanoscale Parallel Circuitry Based on Interpenetrating Conductive Assembly for Flexible and High‐Power Zinc Ion Battery
Authors: Luo Shaojuan , Xie Luoyuan , Han Fei , Wei Wei , Huang Yang , Zhang Han , Zhu Minshen , Schmidt Oliver G. , Wang Lei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh‐rate capability has become an important feature for energy storage devices, but it is often accompanied with a significant reduction in energy density. Therefore, developing an energy storage technology that combines high‐rate capability with high energy density is a great challenge for next‐generation electronic devices. Here, parallel circuitry is constructed at the nanoscale to lower the resistance for ion and electron transport that largely determines the rate performance. The parallel circuitry is constructed through intertwining continuous carbon nanotubes with an interpenetrating conductive assembly based on hierarchically layered MXene (Ti3C2Tx
) functionalized by KMnO4 (MnOx
@Ti3C2Tx
). The assembly shows ultrafast rate capability, e.g., maintaining 50% capacity when the current density increases from 0.1 to 10 A g−1. Investigations of the kinetics and charge storage mechanisms confirm the efficiency of the designed parallel circuitry in improving rate capability by providing rapid pathways for ions and electrons, as well as dividing the current flow evenly into individual MnOx
@Ti3C2Tx
flakes in the assembly. The flexible MnOx
@Ti3C2Tx
based electrode endows zinc ion batteries with outstanding mechanical robustness and good power delivering performance. The paradigm presented here paves a new way for designing electrodes with high‐rate capability toward next‐generation energy storage technologies.
A New Strategy to Build a High‐Performance P′2‐Type Cathode Material through Titanium Doping for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Park Yun Ji , Choi Ji Ung , Jo Jae Hyeon , Jo Chang‐Heum , Kim Jongsoon , Myung Seung‐Taek 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHerein, Ti4+ in P′2‐Na0.67[(Mn0.78Fe0.22)0.9Ti0.1]O2 is proposed as a new strategy for optimization of Mn‐based cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries, which enables a single phase reaction during de‐/sodiation. The approach is to utilize the stronger Ti–O bond in the transition metal layers that can suppress the movements of Mn–O and Fe–O by sharing the oxygen with Ti by the sequence of Mn–O–Ti–O–Fe. It delivers a discharge capacity of ≈180 mAh g−1 over 200 cycles (86% retention), with S‐shaped smooth charge–discharge curves associated with a small volume change during cycling. The single phase reaction with a small volume change is further confirmed by operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. The low activation barrier energy of ≈541 meV for Na+ diffusion is predicted using first‐principles calculations. As a result, Na0.67[(Mn0.78Fe0.22)0.9Ti0.1]O2 can deliver a high reversible capacity of ≈153 mAh g−1 even at 5C (1.3 A g−1), which corresponds to ≈85% of the capacity at 0.1C (26 mA g−1). The nature of the sodium storage mechanism governing the ultrahigh electrode performance in a full cell with a hard carbon anode is elucidated, revealing the excellent cyclability and good retention (≈80%) for 500 cycles (111 mAh g−1) at 5C (1.3 A g−1).
Light‐Activated Tissue‐Integrating Sutures as Surgical Nanodevices
Authors: Ghosh Deepanjan , Urie Russell , Chang Andy , Nitiyanandan Rajeshwar , Lee Jung Keun , Kilbourne Jacquelyn , Rege Kaushal 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSutures are typically the primary means of soft tissue repair in surgery and trauma. Despite their widespread use, sutures do not result in immediate sealing of approximated tissues, which can result in bacterial infection and leakage. Nonabsorbable sutures and staples can be traumatic to tissue, and the trauma can be exacerbated by their subsequent removal. Use of cyanoacrylate glues is limited because of their brittleness and toxicity. In this work, laser‐activated tissue‐integrating sutures (LATIS) are described as novel nanodevices for soft tissue approximation and repair. Incorporation of gold nanorods within fibers generated from collagen result in LATIS fibers which demonstrate robust photothermal responses following irradiation with near infrared laser light. Compared to conventional sutures, LATIS fibers result in greater biomechanical recovery of incised skin in a mouse model of skin closure after spine surgeries. Histopathology analyses show improved repair of the epidermal gap in skin, which indicate faster tissue recovery using LATIS. The studies indicate that LATIS‐facilitated approximation of skin in live mice synergizes the benefits of conventional suturing and laser‐activated tissue integration, resulting in new approaches for faster sealing, tissue repair, and healing.
Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Lan Minhuan , Zhao Shaojing , Liu Weimin , Lee Chun‐Sing , Zhang Wenjun , Wang Pengfei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs an emerging clinical modality for cancer treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT) takes advantage of the cytotoxic activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated by light irradiating photosensitizers (PSs) in the presence of oxygen (O2). However, further advancements including tumor selectivity and ROS generation efficiency are still required. Substantial efforts are devoted to design and synthesize smart PSs with optimized properties for achieving a desirable therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the recent progress in developing intelligent PSs for efficient PDT, ranging from single molecules to delicate nanomaterials. The strategies to improve ROS generation through optimizing photoinduced electron transfer and energy transfer processes of PSs are highlighted. Moreover, the approaches that combine PDT with other therapeutics (e.g., chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and radiotherapy) and the targeted delivery in cancer cells or tumor tissue are introduced. The main challenges for the clinical application of PSs are also discussed.
A Fermi‐Level‐Pinning‐Free 1D Electrical Contact at the Intrinsic 2D MoS2–Metal Junction
Authors: Yang Zheng , Kim Changsik , Lee Kwang Young , Lee Myeongjin , Appalakondaiah Samudrala , Ra Chang‐Ho , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Cho Kyeongjae , Hwang Euyheon , Hone James , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurrently 2D crystals are being studied intensively for use in future nanoelectronics, as conventional semiconductor devices face challenges in high power consumption and short channel effects when scaled to the quantum limit. Toward this end, achieving barrier‐free contact to 2D semiconductors has emerged as a major roadblock. In conventional contacts to bulk metals, the 2D semiconductor Fermi levels become pinned inside the bandgap, deviating from the ideal Schottky–Mott rule and resulting in significant suppression of carrier transport in the device. Here, MoS2 polarity control is realized without extrinsic doping by employing a 1D elemental metal contact scheme. The use of high‐work‐function palladium (Pd) or gold (Au) enables a high‐quality p‐type dominant contact to intrinsic MoS2, realizing Fermi level depinning. Field‐effect transistors (FETs) with Pd edge contact and Au edge contact show high performance with the highest hole mobility reaching 330 and 432 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 300 K, respectively. The ideal Fermi level alignment allows creation of p‐ and n‐type FETs on the same intrinsic MoS2 flake using Pd and low‐work‐function molybdenum (Mo) contacts, respectively. This device acts as an efficient inverter, a basic building block for semiconductor integrated circuits, with gain reaching 15 at VD = 5 V.
Peptide‐Based Supramolecular Nanodrugs as a New Generation of Therapeutic Toolboxes against Cancer
Authors: Chang Rui , Zou Qianli , Xing Ruirui , Yan Xuehai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPeptides are an important class of biomaterials that are widely used in the biomedical field due to their biocompatibility, bioavailability, and structural diversity. They self‐assemble into a variety of architectures by weak intermolecular interactions such as π‐effects, van der Waals forces, ionic attraction, the hydrophobic effect, and hydrogen bonding, resulting in many advantages in cancer treatment. Self‐assembling peptide nanostructures perform two functions: they act as nanocarriers to deliver drugs to tumor sites, and they regulate drug properties, for example, enhancing drug stability, improving the optical properties of photosensitizers, and increasing the immune response. This review focuses on peptide‐based supramolecular nanodrugs or nanocarriers for different cancer treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy. In particular, peptides with special bioactive properties, such as tumor targeting, microenvironmental responsiveness, and antigenicity, will be highlighted for their utility in the effort to conquer cancer.
The Nature of Proton Shuttling in Protic Ionic Liquid Fuel Cells
Authors: Smith Daniel E. , Walsh Darren A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt has been proposed previously that protic ionic liquids (PILs) such as diethylmethylammonium triflate could be used as the electrolytes in nonhumidified, intermediate temperature H2 fuel cells, potentially offering the prospect of high conductivity and performance, even under anhydrous conditions. In this contribution, a combination of electroanalytical chemistry and fuel‐cell polarization analyses is used to demonstrate for the first time that the pure PILs cannot support proton shuttling between the electrodes of fuel cells. Only through the inclusion of dissolved acidic or basic proton shuttles can viable protic ionic fuel cells be fabricated, which has major consequences for the use of these neoteric electrolytes in fuel cells.
Reaction Medium as the Installing Reservoir for Key Functionalities in the Molecules
Authors: Kumar Verma Praveen , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Sawant Sanghapal D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe solvent is an important entity in a chemical reaction, generally, required for the effective collision of the reactant molecules. By looking at the chemical nature, physic‐chemical properties, and more importantly, smart selection, reaction solvents attract synthetic chemists for their effective use as reagents in a chemical reaction. For the installation of small key functionalities in the molecules, reaction solvents provide attractive, atom‐economical, greener, and also less costly alternatives to other reagent‐based strategies. For instance, particular reaction solvents can serve as a multipurpose building block for various units, such as O, −CO, S, C, N, −SOMe, −NMe2, −CONMe2, −Me, −CHO, −CN, etc. The use of a reaction solvent as a reagent can be highly beneficial for some complex design in case of some contradictory reagents, waste management and byproduct minimization. The present review article highlights the recent progress in solvent use as a multipurpose precursor and will be helpful for the development of effective synthetic methodologies and their utility in the design of complex molecules, particularly for late‐stage modifications in drug discovery programs.
Preparation of porous silicon rubber membranes by breath figure method
Authors: Wei Anqi , Guo Huiming , Li Jianping , Jiang Jingzhe , Ji Yue , Qiang Huijuan , Jiang Yan , Zhang Hongwen , Liu Hongbo 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA series of porous silicon rubber membranes with regularity and uniform size had been prepared by breath figure method form polydimethylsiloxane and hydrogen silicon oil (Si‐H1341). Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of polymer, different methods of cast films, co‐solvents, solid particle dispersants, temperature, solution concentration, and molecular weight of silicon rubber are considered and discussed in the article to analyze effects of experiment situations on porosity of porous silicon rubber membranes. Remarkably, using the method of blending silicon rubber with branch hydrophilic silica‐gel, large area hydrophilic modification of the silicon rubber can be achieved, and it is easy to form pores with regular structure. With synergies of co‐solvents, the excellent porosity with more rounded pore shape and better regularity is acquired. The results indicate that the pore size of the silicon were affected greatly by the addition of co‐solvent, the boiling point of solvent, molecular weight of raw materials, and reaction temperature. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47912.
A method to implement continuous characters in digital identification keys that estimates the probability of an annotation
Authors: Tyrrell Christopher D. 
Published: May 2019

PremiseSpecies identification is vital to many disciplines. Digital technology has improved identification tools, but the direct use of characters with continuous states has yet to be fully realized. To achieve full use of continuous characters for identification, I propose a classifier that calculates a posterior probability (degree of belief) in possible name assignments and an estimate of the relative evidence for the candidate annotations.MethodsA model for a species is defined using continuous morphological characters, and an algorithm for identification with a naive Bayesian classifier, using the model, is presented. A method of estimating the strength of evidence for candidate species is also described.ResultsThe proposed method is applied in two example identifications: native vs. invasive Myriophyllum in North America and vegetative Rhipidocladum bamboos in Mexico. In each instance, the new method provides a probability and estimate of the strength of the probability to enhance the name assignment in situations where taxa are difficult to differentiate using discrete character states.DiscussionNaive Bayesian classifiers take advantage of the predictive information inherent in continuous morphological characters. Application of this methodology to plant taxonomy advances our ability to leverage digital technology for improved interactive taxonomic identifications.
Wheat straw, corn stover, sugarcane, and Agave biomasses: chemical properties, availability, and cellulosic‐bioethanol production potential in Mexico
Authors: Hernández Christian , Escamilla‐Alvarado Carlos , Sánchez Arturo , Alarcón Enrique , Ziarelli Fabio , Musule Ricardo , Valdez‐Vazquez Idania 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMexico is one of the largest agricultural producers in Latin America and generates a large amount of agricultural residue. The aim of this study was to establish the usefulness of four of the main Mexican crops (corn, wheat, sugarcane, and Agave) as feedstock for lignocellulosic bioethanol production. The lignocellulosic residue ratio (RR), defined as weight of residue (in tons) per ton of product, was measured by sampling crop fields in 11 geographic regions of Mexico. The chemical composition, assessed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and structural composition (extractives, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents), heating value, and metal content of these lignocellulosic residues were measured. Biorefinery locations, and their theoretical bioethanol production, were suggested using the gravity center method and techno‐economic criteria. The highest RR (1.1 ton of straw per ton of grain) was obtained for wheat straw followed by corn (0.8 ton of stover per ton of grain), sugar cane (0.15 ton of bagasse per ton of cane), and Agave (0.2 ton of bagasse per ton of stem). The composition of these biomasses varied significantly depending on the parental material in extractive compounds, lignocellulosic matter, ashes, hemicellulose, lignin, O‐alkyl C, aromatic C, and carboxyl C. The cellulose crystallinity index and the heating value exhibited small variations among biomasses. Copper, Zn, Cd, and Ni content in the biomasses generally exceeded the European Norm (EN‐Plus FprEN 1496 1‐2 B) for solid biofuels. In total, these agricultural biomasses could be used as feedstock for 34 biorefineries in Mexico with a total bioethanol production potential of approximately 1246 million L year–1. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Gain of the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p gain) has a significant role in drug‐resistant chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Kostopoulou Fotini , Gabillaud Clementine , Chapiro Elise , Grange Beatrice , Tran Julie , Bouzy Simon , Degaud Michael , Ghamlouch Hussein , Le Garff‐Tavernier Magali , Maloum Karim , Choquet Sylvain , Leblond Veronique , Gabarre Jean , Lavaud Anne , Morel Veronique , Roos‐Weil Damien , Uzunov Madalina , Guieze Romain , Bernard Olivier A. , Susin Santos A. , Tournilhac Olivier , Nguyen‐Khac Florence ,   the French Innovative Leukemia Organization (FILO) group
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe different types of drug resistance encountered in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cannot be fully accounted for by the 17p deletion (and/or TP53 mutation), a complex karyotype (CK), immunoglobulin heavy‐chain variable region genes (IGHV) status and gene mutations. Hence, we sought to assess the associations between recurrent genomic abnormalities in CLL and the disease's development and outcome. To this end, we analyzed 64 samples from patients with CLL and gain of the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p+), which is frequent in late‐stage and relapsed/refractory CLL. We found that fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/rituximab (a common first‐line treatment in CLL) is not effective in removing the 2p+ clone ‐ even in samples lacking a CK, the 17p deletion or unmutated IGHV. Our results suggest strongly that patients with CLL should be screened for 2p+ (using karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization) before a treatment option is chosen. Longer follow‐up is now required to evaluate bendamustine‐rituximab, ibrutinib, and idelalisib‐rituximab treatments.
Hybrid Amorphous/Crystalline FeNi (Oxy) Hydroxide Nanosheets for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Kong Qingquan , Feng Wei , Zhang Qi , Zhang Peng , Sun Yan , Yin Yichun , Wang Qingyuan , Sun Chenghua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElectrons released from surface reactions need to be transferred quickly to avoid the inhibition for following reactions. Herein, a novel strategy has been demonstrated to achieve outstanding catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), specifically removing interfacial charges through an optimized hybrid amorphous/crystalline FeNi (Oxy)hydroxides. Such hybrid structure offers an overpotential of only 215 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 50.9 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH, together with outstanding stability. The superior catalytic activity and stability can be attributed to the unique amorphous/crystalline microstructure, leading to optimized reactivity and excellent conductivity.
Micromixer‐Assisted Co‐Precipitation Method for Fast Synthesis of Layered Ni‐Rich Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Mingyue , Liu Na , Tan Jing , Su Yuefeng , Deng Wensheng , Chen Lai , Xue Ruixue , Zhang Qiyu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUniform element distribution is a key factor that influences the performance of Ni‐rich cathode materials. Herein, the Ni‐rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material has been synthesized with the assistance of a micromixer, which provides ultrafast and homogeneous mixing environments to endow the products with uniform composition distribution. As‐prepared LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 188.5 mAh g−1 at a 0.2 C rate with a 4.3 V cut‐off potential and reached 95.4 % capacity retention after 50 cycles. LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 and LiNi0.9Co0.1O2 synthesized through this method also exhibited reasonable electrochemical performances, which indicates the feasibility of this novel micromixer‐assisted co‐precipitation method in the synthesis of layered cathode materials. Moreover, the reaction time had been reduced from 12 h to only seconds with the assistance of the micromixers when compared to the traditional co‐precipitation method.
Synthesis of Benzothiophene‐Fused Oxa[6.6.5]tricyclic Skeletons through a Cinchonidine‐ or NaOH‐Promoted Quadruple Domino Sequence
Authors: Li Ke , Wang Liang , Yu Aimin , Zhu Lingli , Zhang Lei , Gu Yingchun , Meng Xiangtai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo base‐promoted quadruple domino reactions between thioaurones and allylic phosphonium salts have been developed to synthesize benzothiophene‐fused oxa[6.6.5]tricyclic skeletons in moderate to good yields with excellent stereoselectivity and broad functional‐group tolerance. This is a simple and useful protocol for the rapid construction of the umbrella‐like oxa[6.6.5]tricyclic skeleton.
The biological activities of prothioconazole enantiomers and their toxicity assessment on aquatic organisms
Authors: Zhai Wangjing , Zhang Linlin , Cui Jingna , Wei Yimu , Wang Peng , Liu Donghui , Zhou Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChiral fungicide prothioconazole has a wide range of antifungal spectrum; however, little research has been conducted to evaluate prothioconazole on an enantiomeric level. Five target pathogens and three common aquatic organisms were tested for the enantioselective bioactivity and toxicity of prothioconazole in this work. The antifungal activity of the enantiomers against wheat phytoalexin, rice blast fungus, exserohilum turcicum, Alternaria triticina, and Fusarium avenaceum was determined, and it was found that (−)‐prothioconazole were 85 to 2768 times more active than (+)‐prothioconazole toward these target organisms. In order to reflect the risk to aquatic ecosystem, the acute toxicity of the enantiomers to Daphnia magna, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and Lemna minor L. was assessed. It was observed that the toxicity of (−)‐prothioconazole to D. magna was 2.2 times higher than (+)‐prothioconazole, but it was lower to C. pyrenoidosa and L. minor L. The toxicities of (+)‐enantiomer and (−)‐enantiomer to D. magna and C. pyrenoidosa were synergy, indicating that the racemate had higher threat to the organisms. It could be concluded that the effects of prothioconazole on target organisms and the acute toxicity to nontarget species were enantioselective with (−)‐enantiomer possessing higher efficiency and lower toxicity. Such enantiomeric differences should be taken into consideration when assessing the performance of prothioconazole.