bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The characteristics of patients with hypermagnesemia who underwent emergency hemodialysis
Authors: Nishikawa Mana , Shimada Noriaki , Kanzaki Motoko , Ikegami Tetsunori , Fukuoka Toshio , Fukushima Masaki , Asano Kenichiro 
Published: February 2018

AimThis study aimed to clarify the characteristics of patients who presented with severe hypermagnesemia and subsequently underwent emergency hemodialysis.MethodsWe investigated the age, gender, complications, clinical symptoms, causal drugs, electrocardiogram findings, and laboratory data of 15 patients.ResultsMagnesium oxide had been administered in all cases and 14 patients were over 65 years old. The male : female ratio was 6:9. Chief complaints included a disturbance of consciousness, hypotension, bradycardia, and respiratory failure. The median serum magnesium value before hemodialysis was 6.0 (3.7–18.6) mg/dL. The daily dosage of magnesium oxide was ≤ 2.0 g in 12 cases. The median serum creatinine value before hemodialysis was 5.39 (0.54–10.29) mg/dL. However, in two cases, the creatinine value was not elevated. Complications of acute kidney injury exacerbated the hypermagnesemia in nine cases.ConclusionsWe recommend that the serum magnesium value should be measured in older patients who are taking magnesium oxide and are showing signs and symptoms of a disturbance of consciousness, hypotension, bradycardia, and respiratory failure of an uncertain etiology, even if the serum creatinine value is not elevated or the dosage of magnesium oxide is within recommended levels.
Seizures and disturbed brain potassium dynamics in the leukodystrophy megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts
Authors: Dubey Mohit , Brouwers Eelke , Hamilton Eline M.C. , Stiedl Oliver , Bugiani Marianna , Koch Henner , Kole Maarten H.P. , Boschert Ursula , Wykes Robert C. , Mansvelder Huibert D. , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Min Rogier 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveLoss of function of the astrocyte‐specific protein MLC1 leads to the childhood‐onset leukodystrophy “megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts” (MLC). Studies on isolated cells show a role for MLC1 in astrocyte volume regulation and suggest that disturbed brain ion and water homeostasis is central to the disease. Excitability of neuronal networks is particularly sensitive to ion and water homeostasis. In line with this, reports of seizures and epilepsy in MLC patients exist. However, systematic assessment and mechanistic understanding of seizures in MLC are lacking.MethodsWe analyzed an MLC patient inventory to study occurrence of seizures in MLC. We used two distinct genetic mouse models of MLC to further study epileptiform activity and seizure threshold through wireless extracellular field potential recordings. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings and K+‐sensitive electrode recordings in mouse brain slices were used to explore the underlying mechanisms of epilepsy in MLC.ResultsAn early onset of seizures is common in MLC. Similarly, in MLC mice, we uncovered spontaneous epileptiform brain activity and a lowered threshold for induced seizures. At the cellular level, we found that although passive and active properties of individual pyramidal neurons are unchanged, extracellular K+ dynamics and neuronal network activity are abnormal in MLC mice.InterpretationDisturbed astrocyte regulation of ion and water homeostasis in MLC causes hyperexcitability of neuronal networks and seizures. These findings suggest a role for defective astrocyte volume regulation in epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2018;83:636–649
Features of Protonation of the Simplest Weakly Basic Molecules, SO2, CO, N2O, CO2, and Others by Solid Carborane Superacids
Authors: Stoyanov Evgenii S. , Stoyanova Irina V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn experimental study on protonation of simple weakly basic molecules (L) by the strongest solid superacid, H(CHB11F11), showed that basicity of SO2 is high enough (during attachment to the acidic H atoms at partial pressure of 1 atm) to break the bridged H‐bonds of the polymeric acid and to form a mixture of solid mono‐ LH+⋅⋅⋅An−, and disolvates, L−H+−L. With a decrease in the basicity of L=CO (via C), N2O, and CO (via O), only proton monosolvates are formed, which approach L−H+−An− species with convergence of the strengths of bridged H‐bonds. The molecules with the weakest basicity, such as CO2 and weaker, when attached to the proton, cannot break the bridged H‐bond of the polymeric superacid, and the interaction stops at stage of physical adsorption. It is shown here that under the conditions of acid monomerization, it is possible to protonate such weak bases as CO2, N2, and Xe.
Photokatalyse mit sichtbarem Licht: Welche Bedeutung hat sie für die organische Synthese?
Authors: Marzo Leyre , Pagire Santosh K. , Reiser Oliver , König Burkhard 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDie Photokatalyse mit sichtbarem Licht hat sich im letzten Jahrzehnt zu einer breit angewandten Methode in der organischen Synthese entwickelt. Für viele wichtige Reaktionen, wie Kreuzkupplungen, α‐Amino‐Funktionalisierungen, Cycloadditionen, ATRA‐Reaktionen oder Fluorierungen, wurden photokatalytische Varianten berichtet. Um Chemiker bei der Auswahl photokatalytischer Methoden für ihre Synthesen zu unterstützen, vergleichen wir in diesem Aufsatz klassische und photokatalytische Verfahren für ausgewählte Reaktionsklassen und zeigen deren Vorteile und Grenzen auf. In vielen Fällen verlaufen die photokatalytischen Reaktionen unter milderen Reaktionsbedingungen, typischerweise bei Raumtemperatur, und stöchiometrische Reagenzien werden durch einfache Oxidanzien oder Reduktionsmittel wie Luft, Sauerstoff oder Amine ersetzt. Beeinflusst die Photokatalyse mit sichtbarem Licht die organische Synthese? Die Aussicht, Elektronen zu Substraten und Zwischenprodukten hin‐ und herzuschieben oder Energie selektiv durch einen sichtbares Licht absorbierenden Photokatalysatoren zu übertragen, verspricht die aktuellen Verfahren in der Radikalchemie zu verbessern und neue Wege durch den Zugang zu reaktiven, bisher unbekannten Spezies zu erschließen, insbesondere durch das Zusammenspiel von Photokatalyse mit der Organo‐ oder Metallkatalyse.
Atomar dispergierte Metallzentren in Metall‐organischen Gerüststrukturen für die elektrokatalytische und photokatalytische Energieumwandlung
Authors: Liang Zibin , Qu Chong , Xia Dingguo , Zou Ruqiang , Xu Qiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMetallzentren spielen eine essenzielle Rolle in elektro‐ und photokatalytischen Energieumwandlungen. Metall‐organische Gerüstverbindungen (MOFs) bestehen aus einer hochgeordneten Anordnung von organischen Linkern und Metallknoten mit wohldefinierter Porenstruktur, was sie zu idealen Substraten für die Immobilisierung von lokalisierten, atomar dispergierten Metallzentren (atomically dispersed metal sites, ADMS) an Metallknoten, Linkern und Poren macht. Außerdem lassen sich aus diesen MOFs mit eingebauten ADMS durch kontrollierte Behandlungen poröse, ADMS‐dotierte Kohlenstoffmaterialien ableiten. Die in MOFs und in MOF‐abgeleitete Kohlenstoffmaterialien eingebauten ADMS weisen spezifische Vorzüge gegenüber molekularen oder Festkörperkatalysatoren auf und schlagen eine Brücke zwischen homogener und heterogener Katalyse für Energieumwandlungen. In diesem Aufsatz beleuchten wir jüngste Erfolge bei der Entwicklung und Einführung von ADMS in MOFs und MOF‐abgeleitete Materialien für Energieumwandlungen.
Structural Studies of Self‐Assembled Subviral Particles: Combining Cell‐Free Expression with 110 kHz MAS NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: David Guillaume , Fogeron Marie‐Laure , Schledorn Maarten , Montserret Roland , Haselmann Uta , Penzel Susanne , Badillo Aurélie , Lecoq Lauriane , André Patrice , Nassal Michael , Bartenschlager Ralf , Meier Beat H. , Böckmann Anja 
Published: February 2018

AbstractViral membrane proteins are prime targets in combatting infection. Still, the determination of their structure remains a challenge, both with respect to sample preparation and the need for structural methods allowing for analysis in a native‐like lipid environment. Cell‐free protein synthesis and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy are promising approaches in this context, the former with respect to its great potential in the native expression of complex proteins, and the latter for the analysis of membrane proteins in lipids. Herein, we show that milligram amounts of the small envelope protein of the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) can be produced by cell‐free expression, and that the protein self‐assembles into subviral particles. Proton‐detected 2D NMR spectra recorded at a magic‐angle‐spinning frequency of 110 kHz on <500 μg protein show a number of isolated peaks with line widths comparable to those of model membrane proteins, paving the way for structural studies of this protein that is homologous to a potential drug target in HBV infection.
Revealing the Transient Concentration of CO2 in a Mixed‐Matrix Membrane by IR Microimaging and Molecular Modeling
Authors: Hwang Seungtaik , Semino Rocio , Seoane Beatriz , Zahan Marufa , Chmelik Christian , Valiullin Rustem , Bertmer Marko , Haase Jürgen , Kapteijn Freek , Gascon Jorge , Maurin Guillaume , Kärger Jörg 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThrough IR microimaging the spatially and temporally resolved development of the CO2 concentration in a ZIF‐8@6FDA‐DAM mixed matrix membrane (MMM) was visualized during transient adsorption. By recording the evolution of the CO2 concentration, it is observed that the CO2 molecules propagate from the ZIF‐8 filler, which acts as a transport “highway”, towards the surrounding polymer. A high‐CO2‐concentration layer is formed at the MOF/polymer interface, which becomes more pronounced at higher CO2 gas pressures. A microscopic explanation of the origins of this phenomenon is suggested by means of molecular modeling. By applying a computational methodology combining quantum and force‐field based calculations, the formation of microvoids at the MOF/polymer interface is predicted. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations further demonstrate that CO2 tends to preferentially reside in these microvoids, which is expected to facilitate CO2 accumulation at the interface.
Counting the Clicks in Fluorescent Polymer Networks
Authors: Estupiñán Diego , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Barner Leonie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe introduce a fluorescence‐based methodology enabling the quantification of ligation points in photochemically prepared polymer networks. Well‐defined α,ω‐tetrazole‐capped polymer strands prepared via RAFT polymerization are crosslinked under UV irradiation by a trimaleimide via nitrile imine mediated tetrazole–ene cycloaddition. Thus, for each linkage point a fluorescent pyrazoline ring is formed, resulting in fluorescent networks, which are degradable by aminolysis of the trithiocarbonate functionalities, leading to soluble fragments. The fluorescence emission of the soluble network fragments correlates directly with the number of pyrazoline moieties originally present in the network, thus providing a direct measure of the number of ligation points constituting the network. The herein introduced strategy based on a fluorescence readout is a powerful yet simple approach to quantify network formation processes applicable to a wide class of polymers accessible via RAFT.
Unprecedented Dearomatized Spirocyclopropane in a Sequential Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation and Rearrangement Reaction
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Li Yingzi , Knecht Tobias , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Houk K. N. , Glorius Frank 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn unprecedented dearomatized spirocyclopropane intermediate was discovered in a sequential Cp*RhIII‐catalyzed C−H activation and Wagner–Meerwein‐type rearrangement reaction. How the oxidative O−N bond is cleaved and the role of HOAc were uncovered in this study. Furthermore, a Cp*RhIII‐catalyzed dearomatization reaction of N‐(naphthalen‐1‐yloxy)acetamide with strained olefins was developed, affording a variety of spirocyclopropanes.
Can Variations of 1H NMR Chemical Shifts in Benzene Substituted with an Electron‐Accepting (NO2)/Donating (NH2) Group be Explained in Terms of Resonance Effects of Substituents?
Authors: Baranac‐Stojanović Marija 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe classical textbook explanation of variations of 1H NMR chemical shifts in benzenes bearing an electron‐donating (NH2) or an electron‐withdrawing (NO2) group in terms of substituent resonance effects was examined by analyzing molecular orbital contributions to the total shielding. It was found that the π‐electronic system showed a more pronounced shielding effect on all ring hydrogen atoms, relative to benzene, irrespective of substituent +R/−R effects. For the latter, this was in contrast to the traditional explanations of downfield shift of nitrobenzene proton resonances, which were found to be determined by the σ‐electronic system and oxygen in‐plane lone pairs. In aniline, the +R effect of NH2 group can be used to fully explain the upfield position of meta‐H signals and partly the upfield position of para‐H signals, the latter also being influenced by the σ‐system. The position of the lowest frequency signal of ortho‐Hs was fully determined by σ‐electrons.
The potential contribution of transition theory to the analysis of bioclusters and their role in the transition to a bioeconomy
Authors: Hermans Frans 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBiocluster initiatives have become an important tool for governments to establish, promote, and strengthen economic collaboration, learning, innovation, and employment within particular regions. However, in addition to issues like competitiveness and employment, bioclusters operate with the additional goal of fostering the transition to a sustainable bioeconomy. The profound changes that are required for a successful shift from a fossil‐based economy to a bioeconomy are called transitions and the relatively new scientific field of transition theory has emerged to study them. The aim of this paper is to show the contribution that transition theory can make to the study of bioclusters. In this paper I will review frameworks from the study of sustainability transitions (multi‐level perspective and technical innovation systems) and frameworks from theories of evolutionary economic geography and cluster studies (regional and sectoral innovation systems). The review shows how the choice of a particular framework will shape the analysis of the biocluster through the particular focus and delineation associated with each framework. The review shows the advantages and disadvantages these frameworks have for incorporating the various issues related to the shift towards a bioeconomy that are currently neglected in the literature on bioclusters. © 2018 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A coupled in vitro/in vivo approach for engineering a heterologous type III PKS to enhance polyketide biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Vickery Christopher R. , Cardenas Javier , Bowman Marianne E. , Burkart Michael D. , Da Silva Nancy A. , Noel Joseph P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPolyketides are attractive compounds for uses ranging from biorenewable chemical precursors to high‐value therapeutics. In many cases, synthesis in a heterologous host is required to produce these compounds in industrially relevant quantities. The type III polyketide synthase 2‐pyrone synthase (2‐PS) from Gerbera hybrida was used for the production of triacetic acid lactone (TAL) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Initial in vitro characterization of 2‐PS led to the identification of active site variants with improved kinetic properties relative to wildtype. Further in vivo evaluation in S. cerevisiae suggested certain 2‐PS mutations altered enzyme stability during fermentation. In vivo experiments also revealed beneficial cysteine to serine mutations that were not initially explored due to their distance from the active site of 2‐PS, leading to the design of additional 2‐PS enzymes. While these variants showed varying catalytic efficiencies in vitro, they exhibited up to 2.5‐fold increases in TAL production when expressed in S. cerevisiae. Coupling of the 2‐PS variant [C35S,C372S] to an engineered S. cerevisiae strain led to over 10 g/L TAL at 38% of theoretical yield following fed‐batch fermentation, the highest reported to date. Our studies demonstrate the success of a coupled in vitro/in vivo approach to engineering enzymes and provide insight on cysteine‐rich enzymes and design principles toward their use in non‐native microbial hosts.
A perfusion chamber for monitoring transepithelial NaCl transport in an in vitro model of the renal tubule
Authors: Yeste Jose , Martínez‐Gimeno Laura , Illa Xavi , Laborda Pablo , Guimerà Anton , Sánchez‐Marín Juan P. , Villa Rosa , Giménez Ignacio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTransepithelial electrical measurements in the renal tubule have provided a better understanding of how kidney regulates electrolyte and water homeostasis through the reabsorption of molecules and ions (e.g., H2O and NaCl). While experiments and measurement techniques using native tissue are difficult to prepare and to reproduce, cell cultures conducted largely with the Ussing chamber lack the effect of fluid shear stress which is a key physiological stimulus in the renal tubule. To overcome these limitations, we present a modular perfusion chamber for long‐term culture of renal epithelial cells under flow that allows the continuous and simultaneous monitoring of both transepithelial electrical parameters and transepithelial NaCl transport. The latter is obtained from electrical conductivity measurements since Na+ and Cl− are the ions that contribute most to the electrical conductivity of a standard physiological solution. The system was validated with epithelial monolayers of raTAL and NRK‐52E cells that were characterized electrophysiologically for 5 days under different flow conditions (i.e., apical perfusion, basal, or both). In addition, apical to basal chemical gradients of NaCl (140/70 and 70/140 mM) were imposed in order to demonstrate the feasibility of this methodology for quantifying and monitoring in real time the transepithelial reabsorption of NaCl, which is a primary function of the renal tubule.
Using textbook outcome as a measure of quality of care in oesophagogastric cancer surgery
Authors: van der Kaaij R T , de Rooij M V , van Coevorden F , Voncken F E M , Snaebjornsson P , Boot H , van Sandick J W 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Textbook outcome is a multidimensional measure representing an ideal course after oesophagogastric cancer surgery. It comprises ten perioperative quality-of-care parameters and has been developed recently using population-based data. Its association with long-term outcome is unknown. The objectives of this study were to validate the clinical relevance of textbook outcome at a hospital level, and to assess its relation with long-term survival after treatment for oesophagogastric cancer.

Methods
All patients with oesophageal or gastric cancer scheduled for surgery with curative intent between January 2009 and June 2015 were selected from an institutional database. A Cox model was used to study the association between textbook outcome and survival.

Results
A textbook outcome was achieved in 58 of 144 patients (40·3 per cent) with oesophageal cancer and in 48 of 105 (45·7 per cent) with gastric cancer. Factors associated with not achieving a textbook outcome were failure to achieve a lymph node yield of at least 15 (after oesophagectomy) and postoperative complications of grade II or more. After oesophagectomy, median overall survival was longer for patients with a textbook outcome than for patients without (median not reached versus 33 months; P = 0·012). After gastrectomy, median survival was 54 versus 33 months respectively (P = 0·018). In multivariable analysis, textbook outcome was associated with overall survival after oesophagectomy (hazard ratio 2·38, 95 per cent c.i. 1·29 to 4·42) and gastrectomy (hazard ratio 2·58, 1·25 to 5·32).

Conclusion
Textbook outcome is a clinically relevant measure in patients undergoing oesophagogastric cancer surgery as it can identify underperforming parameters in a hospital setting. Overall survival in patients with a textbook outcome is better than in patients without a textbook outcome.
Patient navigation for lung cancer screening among current smokers in community health centers a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Percac‐Lima Sanja , Ashburner Jeffrey M. , Rigotti Nancy A. , Park Elyse R. , Chang Yuchiao , Kuchukhidze Salome , Atlas Steven J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAnnual chest computed tomography (CT) can decrease lung cancer mortality in high‐risk individuals. Patient navigation improves cancer screening rates in underserved populations. Randomized controlled trial was conducted from February 2016 to January 2017 to evaluate the impact of a patient navigation program on lung cancer screening (LCS) among current smokers in five community health centers (CHCs) affiliated with an academic primary care network. We randomized 1200 smokers aged 55–77 years to intervention (n = 400) or usual care (n = 800). Navigators contacted patients to determine LCS eligibility, introduce shared decision making about screening, schedule appointments with primary care physicians (PCPs), and help overcome barriers to obtaining screening and follow‐up. Control patients received usual care. The main outcome was the proportion of patients who had any chest CT. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients contacted, proportion receiving LCS CTs, screening results and number of lung cancers diagnosed. Of the 400 intervention patients, 335 were contacted and 76 refused participation. Of the 259 participants, 124 (48%) were ineligible for screening; 119 had smoked <30 pack‐years, and five had competing comorbidities. Among the 135 eligible participants in the intervention group, 124 (92%) had any chest CT performed. In intention‐to‐treat analyses, 124 intervention patients (31%) had any chest CT versus 138 control patients (17.3%, P < 0.001). LCS CTs were performed in 94 intervention patients (23.5%) versus 69 controls (8.6%, P < 0.001). A total of 20% of screened patients required follow‐up. Lung cancer was diagnosed in eight intervention (2%) and four control (0.5%) patients. A patient navigation program implemented in CHCs significantly increased LCS among high‐risk current smokers.
Amide Neighbouring‐Group Effects in Peptides: Phenylalanine as Relay Amino Acid in Long‐Distance Electron Transfer
Authors: Nathanael Joses G. , Gamon Luke F. , Cordes Meike , Rablen Paul R. , Bally Thomas , Fromm Katharina M. , Giese Bernd , Wille Uta 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn nature, proteins serve as media for long‐distance electron transfer (ET) to carry out redox reactions in distant compartments. This ET occurs either by a single‐step superexchange or through a multi‐step charge hopping process, which uses side chains of amino acids as stepping stones. In this study we demonstrate that Phe can act as a relay amino acid for long‐distance electron hole transfer through peptides. The considerably increased susceptibility of the aromatic ring to oxidation is caused by the lone pairs of neighbouring amide carbonyl groups, which stabilise the Phe radical cation. This neighbouring‐amide‐group effect helps improve understanding of the mechanism of extracellular electron transfer through conductive protein filaments (pili) of anaerobic bacteria during mineral respiration.