bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Differentiation-Inducing Effect of a Retinoic Acid Derivative on a Pulmonary Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Akita Tomomi , Goto Ayumi , Kameyama Azusa , Horiguchi Michiko , Ozawa Chihiro , Akaguma Saki , Yamashita Chikamasa 
Published: January 2019

Pulmonary carcinoma is a main cause of cancer death internationally. Chemotherapeutic regimens in most solid tumors have limited effect. And in the targeted inhibition of carcinogenic driver mutations with molecular therapies, in a large number of cases, patients acquire resistance to drugs. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic approaches is highly desirable. In the present study, we evaluated the applicability of 4[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8- tetramethyl- 2-naphthalenyl)carbamoyl]benzoic acid (Am80), a synthetic retinoid, as a differentiation inducer in pulmonary carcinoma and examined its effect on the viability and differentiation of Calu-6 cells (a human nonsmall cell lung cancer cell line), with the final goal of establishing a new approach to pulmonary carcinoma therapy. The cell viability of Calu-6 cells after Am80 treatment was assessed by the CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. The early apoptosis of cells was detected by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) staining. The differentiation-inducing effect of Am80 on Calu-6 cells was investigated by immunostaining. Am80 induced the differentiation of Calu-6 to alveolar type I and II cells. However, Am80 reduced the viability of Calu-6 cells without inducing apoptosis. In addition, in order to investigate whether Am80 inhibits tumor growth in vivo, we conducted an in vivo experiment to determine he effect of the intratumoral administration of Am80 in mice harboring sc tumors composed of Calu-6 cells. Am80 significantly influenced the suppression of tumor growth.
In Vitro effect of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) and Cigarette Smoke Extract (CSE) on Osteoblastic Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Beneficial Biological Effects of BMP-2 Negated By CSE
Authors: Sloan Andrew , Hussain Issam , El-Sheemy Mohamed , Maqsood Mohammad , Mubasher Latif , Sharma Vikas , Eremin Oleg 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Clinical and demographic studies have shown that tobacco smoking is a major contributor to non- and delayed-union in fracture healing. The cellular and molecular basis for this is poorly understood, and few studies in human fractures have been undertaken.Aims: To analyse the in vitro biological effects of tobacco smoking at the cellular level within the human fracture microenvironment, with specific regard to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation and to ascertain whether the application of bone morphogenetic factor-2 (BMP-2) could be used therapeutically to improve fracture healing.Methods: Fracture haematomas (n=10) were collected from anaesthetised, non-smoking patients who had sustained a tibial fracture, and who were undergoing surgical operative fixation. The semi-solid material was dissected and explanted into tissue culture flasks. Complete culture media was introduced, and cultures were incubated at 37oC in a humidified 5% CO2 environment. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was produced and infused into the cell cultures to establish an in vitro smoking environment. A control group (n=10) was set-up and left ntreated by CSE. Harvested, spindle-shaped adherent cells were characterised by immunocytochemistry. Cell populations were counted via flow cytometry to assess and compare proliferation rates between CSE-treated and untreated cell cultures. BMP-2 concentrations (10 and 100 ng/mL (an additional dose of 500 ng/mL in CSE- reated cells)) were infused into cell cultures to enhance in vitro cellular viability, which was analysed by means of the MTT assay.Results: There was a significant reduction in the rate of proliferation of osteoblastic MSCs in CSE-treated cells after 5 days of culture (p < 0.05). At a dose of 100 ng/mL, BMP-2 augmented cellular growth and improved cellular viability in cultures not treated with CSE (p < 0.0001). No significant improvement was seen in CSE-treated cell cultures.Summary: The effect of smoking on bone fracture healing appears to contribute to the inhibition of osteoblast proliferation, which may not be reversible with the therapeutic use of exogenous BMP-2. Moreover, the improvement seen in non-smokers does strengthen the case for smokers to cease using tobacco in the perioperative setting in order that such treatments are rendered more effective.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING AND PROBLEM- BASED LEARNING MODELS TOWARDS GEOGRAPHY LEARNING OUTCOMES IN TERMS OF STUDENTS’ LOCUS OF CONTROL
Authors: Sari Nur Hafidah Yuniar , Masruri Muhsinatun Siasah 
Published: January 2019

Nowadays, Indonesian’s education seems to have an improvement in its quality. The government is establishing the 2013 curriculum. However, its implementation has not been well-implemented. In regard to this problem, it is necessary to apply scientific learning models: PjBL and PBL models. With these models and according to the students’ locus of control, it is expected that it will improve students’ learning outcomes. This study is aimed at determining the effectiveness of PjBL and PBL models towards learning outcomes in terms of the students’ Locus of Control. The method used in this study was experiment, with 2x2 factorial design. The population was XI IPS students of SMAN 1 Ngaglik. The samples were 32 experimental students of PBL model and 28 experimental students of PjBL model. The data were collected using questionnaires and tests. The data were analyzed using Two Ways ANOVA. The result of the analysis shows that there is an influence between the models and students’ locus of control towards the learning outcomes. The value of Fcal5.488>Fstd4.00 and the value of the probability is 0.023 < 0.05.
Kamu Tarımsal Araştırma Kuruluşlarında İnovasyon Süreci ve Kültürü: Ege Bölgesi Örneği
Authors: BOYACI Murat 
Published: January 2019

Amaç: Türkiye’de Ege Bölgesindeki kamu tarımsal araştırma kuruluşlarındaki inovasyon sürecinin, kurumsal ve bireysel inovatif özelliklerin ortaya konulması ve sürecin iyileştirilmesine yönelik önerilerin geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir.Materyal ve Yöntem: Veriler karşılıklı görüşmelerle doldurulan anketlerle elde edilmiştir. Tamsayım planlanan anket çalışmasına araştırmacıların %60.8’i (303 kişi) katılmıştır. Veriler parametrik ve parametrik olmayan testlerle yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmada çok boyutlu ölçekleme (MDS) tekniği kullanılarak, kuruluşların birbirlerine ve inovatif kültür açısından ideal düzeye yakınlıkları görselleştirilmiştir.Bulgular: İki araştırmacıdan biri doktora yaparak, alanında uzmanlaşmıştır. Mesainin %44’ü araştırma çalışmalarına ayrılmaktadır. Araştırmalarda verim artışı ve kalite iyileştirme gibi geleneksel hedefler önceliklidir. Finansman ağırlıklı olarak Bakanlık kaynaklarından sağlanmaktadır. Fikrin tarlada uygulamaya dönüşümü (inovasyon süreci) için harcanan süre 11.5 yıldır. Bulguların %28 kadarı çiftçiler tarafından benimsenmektedir.Sonuç: Kuruluşlarda inovasyon sürecini geliştirmek için dinamik yapı, kaynak yeterliliği, güven ortamı, hedeflerin netliği; hızlı işleyiş, kurum içi iletişim ve işbirlikleri sağlanmalıdır
Binafuxi Granules in the treatment of common cold with heat syndrome based on traditional Uighur medicine: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Min Jie , She Bin , Zhang Xin , Mao Bing , Chen Yan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Common cold is a highly prevalent illness with significant impact on society and health care. Common cold with heat syndrome (CCHS) is one of most common type based on traditional Uighur medicine (TUM) syndrome differentiation, which is widely used in Central Asia. The study is designed to explore the efficacy, safety and optimal therapeutic dosage of Binafuxi Granules in treating CCHS.
Methods: This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial. 240 participants will be enrolled from 5 centers across China and randomly assigned to the high-dose group, low-dose group or placebo control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. All eligible patients will receive test drugs twice daily for 3 days. The primary outcome is the time to fever relief. Secondary outcomes include the time to fever clearance, duration of primary symptoms and each symptom, change in TUM symptom score.
Discussion: This is the first placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial for a Uighur medicine in treating common cold. It will provide robust evidence on the efficacy and safety of Binafuxi Granules in the treatment of CCHS.
Trial registration: The registration number is ChiCTR-IIR-17013379, which was assigned by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 14 November 2017.
One-year Versus Five-year Hospital Readmission after Ischemic Stroke and TIA
Authors: Bjerkreim Anna Therese , Naess Halvor , Khanevski Andrej Netland , Thomassen Lars , Waje-Andreassen Ulrike , Logallo Nicola 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: The burden of hospital readmission after stroke is substantial, but little knowledge exists on factors associated with long-term readmission after stroke. In a cohort comprising patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), we examined and compared factors associated with readmission within 1 year and first readmission during year 2-5.
Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke or TIA who were discharged alive between July 2007 and October 2012, were followed for five years by review of medical charts. Timing and cause of the first unplanned readmission were registered. Cox regression was used to identify independent risk factors for readmission within 1 year and first readmission during year 2-5 after discharge.
Results: The cohort included 1453 patients, of whom 568 (39.1%) were readmitted within 1 year. Of the 830 patients that were alive and without readmission 1 year after discharge, 439 (52.9%) were readmitted within 5 years. Patients readmitted within 1 year were older, had more severe strokes, poorer functional outcome, and a higher occurrence of complications during index admission than patients readmitted during years 2-5. Cardiovascular comorbidity did not differ between the two groups of readmitted patients. Higher age, poorer functional outcome, coronary artery disease and hypertension were independently associated with first readmission within both 1 year and during year 2-5. Peripheral artery disease was independently associated with readmission within 1 year, and atrial fibrillation was associated with first readmission during year 2-5.
Conclusions: More than half of all patients who survived the first year after stroke without any readmissions were readmitted within 5 years. Patients readmitted within 1 year and between years 2-5 shared many risk factors for readmission, but they differed in age, functional outcome and occurrence of complications during the index admission.
A Theoretical‐Empirical Model to Predict the Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Sand
Authors: Huang Zhe , Xu Haijue , Bai Yuchuan , Yang Shuqing 
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas
The existing theoretical model of the Hagen–Poiseuille law was modified to estimate the hydraulic conductivity based on the flow resistance of a sphere.
In the model, the capillary diameter calculated from the porosity and the soil particle size is recommended for the average pore diameter.
The predictive results were analyzed with soil parameters and other factors.
The hydraulic conductivity of soil is an important parameter that is required for seepage calculations. Currently, many methods are available to predict this parameter, but the accuracy of the theoretical method is not adequate. In this paper, the existing theoretical model of the Hagen–Poiseuille law was modified based on the flow resistance of a sphere to estimate hydraulic conductivity. In the model, the capillary diameter calculated from the soil porosity and gradation is recommended for use as the average pore diameter. In a comparison with the experimental results, the modified formula showed a higher level of accuracy than the traditional model and other empirical methods. The model considers the grain size distribution, which is determined to be more reasonable than other models. We also show that the model may be invalid for nonuniform soil and that the results are very sensitive to changes in particle size and porosity. The model can be used to predict the hydraulic conductivity at any temperature and may give results that are different from experimental data because of the experimental boundary and the effect of the experimental process. The container's boundary, unsaturated soil, and the internal instability of the soil during the test may all lead to differences between experimental results and the predicted values.
Manure Application Decisions Impact Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Emissions during Non‐Growing Season Thaws
Authors: Adair E. Carol , Barbieri Lindsay , Schiavone Kevin , Darby Heather M. 
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas
Manure injection increased N2O emissions vs. broadcast and broadcast + plow application.
Winter thaws increased N2O and CO2 emissions, particularly in soils injected with manure.
The impacts of manure application decisions may extend beyond the growing season to influence N2O and CO2 fluxes during winter thaw events.
Climate and agricultural management are strong drivers of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but little is known about potential interactions among these drivers. Climate change will likely increase the frequency of wintertime thaws in northern agricultural systems, which have been shown to induce large pulses of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). We tested the hypothesis that different manure application practices would interact with thaw events to produce GHG emission pulses of different sizes. Specifically, we expected manure injection would increase CO2 and N2O emissions relative to other manure application methods by enhancing subsurface microbial substrate availability. We conducted a laboratory incubation study with frozen, intact soil cores from a continuous corn (Zea mays L.) system under three manure application methods: broadcast, broadcast + plow, and injection. Cores were subjected to three temperature treatments over 8 d: frozen (−7°C), freeze–thaw (alternating −7 and 5°C), and thaw (5°C). In the freeze–thaw and thaw treatments, cumulative N2O emissions were 2 to 20 times greater in injected versus broadcast treatments (6.5 mg N2O‐N m–2 averaged across broadcast treatments); cumulative CO2 emissions were up to two times higher in injected versus broadcast treatments (1017 mg CO2–C m–2 averaged across broadcast treatments). Our results suggest that the impacts of manure application choices extend beyond the growing season to increase N2O and CO2 emissions during wintertime thaws, potentially interacting with a warming climate to increase GHG emissions.
Soybean Yield Response to Phosphorus Fertilization in an Oxisol under Long‐Term No‐Till Management
Authors: Antonangelo Joao Arthur , Firmano Ruan Francisco , Alleoni Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú , Oliveira Adilson , Zhang Hailin 
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas
Plant available P extraction methods are compared
The P accumulation in a long‐term NT system depends on P application rates
Soil test is a good guide for fertilization to achieve optimum yields and minimum P buildup in the soil
P content in soybean leaf samples is an indicator of soybean yield
Phosphorus (P) fertilizer recommendations for crops must be improved to optimize crop yields and minimize the environmental impact of P. We evaluated the effects of continuous annual fertilization (double crops) on soil‐P availability by Mehlich‐1 (PM‐1) and resin (Presin), plant uptake, P responsive concentrations in the soil and soybean trifolioliate leaflets and the yields of two soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars (BRS1010 and BRS1003) grown in a Brazilian Oxisol under 20 yr of no‐till (NT) management. Four treatments representing a combination of annual P rates (0, 20, 40, and 50 kg P ha–1) with a fixed K rate (40 kg ha–1) were evaluated. Resin‐extractable P was highly correlated with PM‐1 (0.86, p < 0.05) but Presin was nearly 2.5 times as much as PM‐1. The soil extractable P was linearly correlated with P contents in trifoliolate leaflets with r of 0.72 and 0.66 (both at p < 0.05) for PM‐1 and Presin, respectively. Maximum responsive concentrations of soil PM‐1 and Presin for the year studied were in the range of 13 ± 2.2 to 20 ± 5.7 and 30 ± 5 to 59 ± 19.2 mg P dm–3, respectively. Soybean yields increased 29% as the rates of annual‐P rate increased from 0 to 20 kg ha–1 and additional P application did not further improve yields. The trifoliolate leaflet P concentrations of both cultivars were correlated (r = 0.66, p < 0.05) with soybean yields. The maximum responsive concentration of P in the soybean trifoliolate was 2.8 ± 1.9 to 5.4 ± 2.8 g kg–1 at R2 stage. Our results confirm that soil test for plant available P and plant tissue test are important to guide P fertilizer recommendations.
Effects of Fertilization and Competition Control on Tree Growth and C, N, and P Dynamics in a Loblolly Pine Plantation in North Central Florida
Authors: Tumushime Ignacie , Vogel Jason G. , Minor Marco N. , Jokela Eric J. 
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas
The application of herbicide was critical for loblolly pine biomass to experience a growth increase with or without fertilizer early in the rotation but this effect decreased with time.
The relatively muted response of tree productivity to fertilization was likely attributed to the site's high background soil fertility and overall quality.
Future rotations may be affected by the retention or loss of soil nutrients as affected by silviculture.
Silvicultural treatment (fertilization and competition control) effects on ecosystem C, N, and P accumulation were assessed in a 25‐yr‐old loblolly pine plantation for N and P (diammonium phosphate [FDAP] and triple superphosphate [FTSP]) fertilizers, competition control (W), and combined treatments (FDAPW or FTSPW). End of rotation pine biomass C was estimated, and forest floor (Oi, Oe+Oa), and soils (0–10, 10–20, 20–50 and 50–100 cm) were analyzed for C, N and P content. The combined F and W treatment increased early growth, but only tree biomass C approached significant increases for FDAPW and FTSPW at rotation end. The combined F and W treatments significantly increased stem N content, and bark and foliage P content, but fertilization alone did not significantly increase nutrient content in pine tissues. Fertilization alone increased N and P content in the Oe+Oa horizon and some soil depths, while W alone decreased P in the Oe+Oa horizon. Extractable soil PO43− increased with F alone, but often decreased when F was combined with W. Results suggest that early increased growth effects from silviculture may not result in increased ecosystem C at the end of rotation, and that competition control may be required for fertilizer to affect N and P accumulation in pine. These results suggest that variation in background fertility and understory competition could modify silviculture's potential effects on fertilizer use efficiency and C sequestration in managed pine forests.
Experimental analysis on noise characteristics of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors
Authors: Yu Shenbo , Zhong Shuangshuang 
Published: January 2019

Starting with the analysis on sound pressure level (SPL) spectrum of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (SMPMSMs), the reasons for producing main peaks are investigated. According to different causes, different methods for reducing noise are proposed. Firstly, the SPL spectrum of SMPMSMs is obtained by experiment under the conditions of 2000 rpm rated speed, full load and 4 kHz switching frequency. Meanwhile, the frequencies corresponding to main peaks are found out. Secondly, the reasons for generating peaks in the SPL spectrum are researched from three aspects, namely, force sources, natural frequencies, coefficient of relative sound intensity. Then, on the basis of different causes for generating noise, different measures for decreasing noise are presented, namely, single cutting of two end rabbets of motor case in single clamping, waveform reconstruction of radial electromagnetic force density, enhancing of switching frequency, changing of natural frequency and decreasing of the length-diameter ratio of stator. Furthermore, the effectiveness for these methods is studied. Finally, a comprehensive method is proposed to decrease noise. The noise value of SMPMSMs is reduced by 4.7 dB(A) at the rated speed of 2000 rpm, full load and switching frequency of 4 kHz. In addition, the sharpness and loudness are respectively decreased by 0.522 acum and 6.97 sone at no load. The study provides references for the design of SMPMSMs with low noise.
Simultaneous photocatalytic reduction/degradation of divalent nickel/naphthalene pollutants in aqueous solutions
Authors: Saien Javad , Azizi Amir , Ghamari Fatemeh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractToxic heavy metals and organic pollutants simultaneously exist in the wastewater of some industries. This study explores reduction of toxic divalent nickel ions, from either nitrate or sulfate salts, coupled with naphthalene (NA) degradation using titania photocatalyst in an efficient photo-sono reactor. A synergism appears when reduction and degradation treatments occur simultaneously in the media. With initial concentrations of [Ni(II)]0 = 5 mg/L and [NA]0 = 10 mg/L, under dominant mild conditions, removal efficiencies of 54.5% and 56.6% were obtained for Ni(II) and NA, respectively, when nickel nitrate was used. These efficiencies were enhanced to 59.2% and 57.5%, respectively, with nickel sulfate, all after 90 min operation. For evaluating the mechanism of reactions, reactive oxygen species analysis on solutions as well as Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyses on the titania nanoparticles, before and after usage, was performed. The reaction kinetics was also followed for individual species in the mixed solution and, accordingly, the energy consumption was evaluated for one order of magnitude decrease in pollutant concentration. The high performance of the used method was revealed in comparison to the similar reported reduction/degradation processes.
TiO2 coated on PVDF membrane for dye wastewater treatment by a photocatalytic membrane
Authors: Penboon L. , Khrueakham A. , Sairiam S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This work investigated the membrane modification to increase hydrophilicity aiming for application in a photocatalytic membrane. The modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) flat sheet membrane was coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2). The chemical and physical changes of membranes were characterized by contact angle, scanning electron microscopy and porosity. The results found that TiO2 successfully modified the PVDF membrane by decreasing the contact angle from 127.1° to 114.3° on increasing the TiO2 concentration from 0.1 to 1.0 g/L. The contact angles were decreased with the increase of coating time. The water permeation after PVDF membrane modification decreased compared with the original membrane, whereas water fluxes increased with the increase of TiO2 concentration. TiO2 particles were observed on the membrane surface while the porosity of the membrane coated with TiO2 decreased. The optimum condition of membrane coating was obtained at 1.0 g/L of TiO2 and 60 min of coating time. The decolorization of RB 19 by photolysis and photolysis followed by filtration was less than 10%; in contrast, the decolorization of RB 19 by photocatalytic oxidation was as good as a photocatalytic membrane for 60 min. The TiO2 photocatalytic membrane is a feasible technology for RB 19 decolorization in wastewater.