bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Validation of the Chinese Version of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale Among Middle-Aged Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Wong Eliza M.L. , Leung Doris Y.P. , Sit Janet W.H. , Chan Aileen W.K. , Chair Sek Ying 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to further evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEE-C) among middle-aged outpatients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Design
Psychometric evaluation design.

Methods
A convenience sample of 355 CHD patients was recruited and followed up at 3 and 6 months. Cronbach’s alpha, construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), and concurrent and predictive validity were examined.

Findings
The SEE-C had a single-factor structure that was stable over time and had high internal consistency. Baseline SEE-C scores were significantly and positively associated with quality of life and total exercise time per week and significantly and negatively associated with anxiety and depression. They also significantly predicted total exercise per week at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups.

Conclusions
The SEE-C is a robust, reliable, and valid measure of exercise self-efficacy for middle-aged Chinese CHD outpatients.

Clinical Relevance
The SEE-C can assess patients’ exercise self-efficacy, so that appropriate interventions to improve exercise self-efficacy can be provided.
“Theory Does Not Get You From Bed to Wheelchair”: A Qualitative Study on Patients’ Views of an Education Program in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation
Authors: Bernet Madeleine , Sommerhalder Kathrin , Mischke Claudia , Hahn Sabine , Wyss Adrian 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate a new nurse-guided patient education program in spinal cord injury rehabilitation with particular focus on the patients’ perspectives and experiences.

Design
Longitudinal qualitative study.

Methods
We conducted face-to-face interviews with 10 rehabilitation patients and used the content analysis method to analyze the data.

Findings
Patients emphasized the importance of the practical training of the education program. This impacted their well-being as well as their autonomy. They rated discussions with primary nurses and peers about physical or psychological concerns. However, after discharge, the learning process was ongoing, and patients experienced the transition to living at home as a major challenge.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
This research provides valuable information from the patients’ perspective for enhancing spinal cord injury patient education. Situational learning, based on the practical parts of patient education and working with peers, is highlighted.
Immediate Treatment of Complex Mandible Fracture in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Colombo Luara Teixeira , Silva Raquel Barroso Parra da , Mulinari-Santos Gabriel , Silva Leonardo Freitas da , Fabris André Luis da Silva , Souza Francisley Ávila 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The facial fractures in pediatric patients are rare, and they can need an immediate treatment to recover the function and aesthetic to the young patients. However, the open reduction internal fixation is controversial in pediatrics; it can be effectiveness to treat complex mandible fractures. Therefore, we present a case of a pediatric patient with a complex mandible fracture caused by an auto accident. The immediate treatment was successful with the use of open reduction internal fixation.
A Rise in Neutrophil Cell Size Precedes Organ Dysfunction After Trauma
Authors: Hesselink Lillian , Heeres Marjolein , Paraschiakos Fotis , ten Berg Maarten , Huisman Albert , Hoefer Imo E. , de Groot Mark C.H. , van Solinge Wouter W. , Dijkgraaf Marcel , Hellebrekers Pien , Van Wessem Karlijn J.P. , Koenderman Leo , Leenen Luke P.H. , Hietbrink Falco 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Organ dysfunction remains a major cause of morbidity after trauma. The development of organ dysfunction is determined by the inflammatory response, in which neutrophils are important effector cells. A femoral fracture particularly predisposes for the development of organ dysfunction. This study investigated the chronologic relation between neutrophil characteristics and organ dysfunction in trauma patients with a femoral fracture.

Methods:
Patients with a femoral fracture presenting at the University Medical Center Utrecht between 2007 and 2013 were included. Data of neutrophil characteristics from standard hematological analyzers were recorded on a daily basis until the 28th day of hospital stay or until discharge. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to compare outcome groups.

Results:
In total 157 patients were analyzed, of whom 81 had polytrauma and 76 monotrauma. Overall mortality within 90 days was 6.4% (n = 10). Eleven patients (7.0%) developed organ dysfunction. In patients who developed organ dysfunction a significant increase in neutrophil count (P = 0.024), a significant increase in neutrophil cell size (P = 0.026), a significant increase in neutrophil complexity (P < 0.004), and a significant decrease in neutrophil lobularity (P < 0.001) were seen after trauma. The rise in neutrophil cell size preceded the clinical manifestation of organ dysfunction in every patient.

Conclusion:
Patients who develop organ dysfunction postinjury show changes in neutrophil characteristics before organ dysfunction becomes clinically evident. These findings regarding post-traumatic organ dysfunction may contribute to the development of new prognostic tools for immune-mediated complications in trauma patients.

Level of evidence:
Level II, etiologic study.
Use of qSOFA Score in Predicting the Outcomes of Patients With Glyphosate Surfactant Herbicide Poisoning Immediately Upon Arrival at the Emergency Department
Authors: Cho Yong Soo , Moon Jeong Mi , Chun Byeong Jo , Lee Byung Kook 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This study aimed to identify whether quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) performed immediately upon arrival can predict the outcome of patients with glyphosate surfactant herbicide (GlySH) poisoning.

Methods:
Adult patients with GlySH poisoning between January 2006 and April 2017 were included in this retrospective observational study. The qSOFA score (respiratory rate ≥22 breaths per minute, systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg, and altered mental status) was assessed immediately upon arrival at the emergency department. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and the secondary outcomes were life-threatening complications and organ injury.

Results:
Of the 150 patients who ingested GlySH, 14 (9.3%) died. The qSOFA score was significantly higher in the non-survival group (P < 0.001). qSOFA (odds ratio [OR], 2.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–5.76) was independently associated with in-hospital mortality. The area under curve value of qSOFA was 0.841 (95% CI, 0.772–0.895). As qSOFA score increased from 0 to 3, the in-hospital mortality significantly increased (P < 0.001). The frequency of life-threatening complications, including organ injury, increased as the qSOFA score increased from 0 to 3 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The qSOFA score measured upon arrival shows good prognostic performance in patients with GlySH poisoning. Moreover, the qSOFA may predict the development of life-threatening complications including organ injury. Thus, more attention should be paid to patients with GlySH poisoning with higher qSOFA scores.
The Effectiveness and Safety of Corticosteroids Therapy in Adult Critical Ill Patients With Septic Shock: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wen Yongyao , Zhu Yuhan , Jiang Qimin , Guo Nan , Cai Yangping , Shen Xiaoxu 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the effectiveness and safety of corticosteroids therapy in adult critical ill patients with septic shock.

Methods:
The PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from the inception dates to March 24, 2018. To identify randomized controlled trials that evaluating the role of corticosteroids therapy in adult critical ill patients with septic shock. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. The second outcomes included 90-day mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, in-hospital mortality, length of stay in ICU, length of stay in hospital, reversal of shock, and superinfection.

Results:
A total of 18 randomized controlled trials involving 8,128 adult critical ill patients with septic shock fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The outcomes of this meta-analysis showed that corticosteroids therapy did not significantly reduce the 28-day mortality [RR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.84–1.05; Z = 1.07 (P = 0.285)]. However, corticosteroids therapy was associated with a significantly shorter length of stay in ICU [WMD = −1.55; 95% CI, −2.19 to −0.91; Z = 4.74 (P = 0.000)]. 90-day mortality, ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality, length of stay in hospital, reversal of shock, and superinfection had no significant difference between the corticosteroids therapy and placebo therapy (P > 0.05). Similar results were obtained in subgroups of trials stratified according to the dose of corticosteroids (high dose or low does).

Conclusions:
Based on the results of this meta-analysis, corticosteroids therapy was associated with a significantly shorter length of stay in ICU among adult critical ill patients with septic shock. The mortality was similar between the corticosteroids therapy and placebo.
Murine Pancreatic Cancer Alters T Cell Activation and Apoptosis and Worsens Survival After Cecal Ligation and Puncture
Authors: Lyons John D. , Chen Ching-Wen , Liang Zhe , Zhang Wenxiao , Chihade Deena B. , Burd Eileen M. , Farris Alton B. , Ford Mandy L. , Coopersmith Craig M. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Patients with cancer who develop sepsis have a markedly higher mortality than patients who were healthy prior to the onset of sepsis. Potential mechanisms underlying this difference have previously been examined in two preclinical models of cancer followed by sepsis. Both pancreatic cancer/pneumonia and lung cancer/cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) increase murine mortality, associated with alterations in lymphocyte apoptosis and intestinal integrity. However, pancreatic cancer/pneumonia decreases lymphocyte apoptosis and increases gut apoptosis while lung cancer/CLP increases lymphocyte apoptosis and decreases intestinal proliferation. These results cannot distinguish the individual roles of cancer versus sepsis since different models of each were used. We therefore created a new cancer/sepsis model to standardize each variable. Mice were injected with a pancreatic cancer cell line and 3 weeks later cancer mice and healthy mice were subjected to CLP. Cancer septic mice had a significantly higher 10-day mortality than previously healthy septic mice. Cancer septic mice had increased CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, associated with decreased CD4+ T cell apoptosis 24 h after CLP. Further, splenic CD8+ T cell activation was decreased in cancer septic mice. In contrast, no differences were noted in intestinal apoptosis, proliferation, or permeability, nor were changes noted in local bacterial burden, renal, liver, or pulmonary injury. Cancer septic mice thus have consistently reduced survival compared with previously healthy septic mice, independent of the cancer or sepsis model utilized. Changes in lymphocyte apoptosis are common to cancer model and independent of sepsis model, whereas gut apoptosis is common to sepsis model and independent of cancer model. The host response to the combination of cancer and sepsis is dependent, at least in part, on both chronic comorbidity and acute illness.
Effects of Psychosocial Stress on Subsequent Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation in Male Mice
Authors: Langgartner Dominik , Wachter Ulrich , Hartmann Clair , Gröger Michael , Vogt Josef , Merz Tamara , McCook Oscar , Fink Marina , Kress Sandra , Georgieff Michael , Kunze Julia F. , Radermacher Peter L. , Reber Stefan O. , Wepler Martin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background:
Hypoxemia and tissue ischemia during hemorrhage as well as formation of oxygen and nitrogen radicals during resuscitation promote hyperinflammation and, consequently, trigger severe multi-organ failure (MOF). Individuals diagnosed with stress-related disorders or reporting a life history of psychosocial stress are characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and a reduced glucocorticoid (GC) signaling. We hypothesized that exposure to chronic psychosocial stress during adulthood prior to hemorrhagic shock increases oxidative/nitrosative stress and therefore the risk of developing MOF in mice.

Methods and Findings:
To induce chronic psychosocial stress linked to mild immune activation and reduced GC signaling in male mice, the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) paradigm was employed. Single-housed (SHC) mice were used as controls. Subsequently, CSC and SHC mice were exposed to hemorrhagic shock following resuscitation to investigate the effects of prior psychosocial stress load on survival, organ function, metabolism, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and inflammatory readouts. An increased adrenal weight in CSC mice indicates that the stress paradigm reliably worked. However, no effect of prior psychosocial stress on outcome after subsequent hemorrhage and resuscitation could be detected.

Conclusions:
Chronic psychosocial stress during adulthood is not sufficient to promote hemodynamic complications, organ dysfunction, metabolic disturbances and did not increase the risk of MOF after subsequent hemorrhage and resuscitation. Intravenous norepinephrine to keep target hemodynamics might have led to a certain level of oxidative stress in both groups and, therefore, disguised potential effects of chronic psychosocial stress on organ function after hemorrhagic shock in the present murine trauma model.
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Phenylephrine Inhibits Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Cardiac Dysfunction via Activating ERK1/2 Signal Pathway
Authors: Li Hongmei , Xing Yun , Yang Duomeng , Tang Xiangxu , Lu Daxiang , Wang Huadong 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
It was demonstrated that α1 adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) activation by phenylephrine (PE) attenuated cardiac dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice. However, it is unclear whether PE suppresses sepsis-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Here, we investigated the effects of PE on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in LPS-treated adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) and septic rats induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and caspase activity were detected by TUNEL and spectrophotometrical assay, respectively. Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c (Cyt c) levels as well as IκBα, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, JNK and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) phosphorylation were analyzed by Western blotting, and TNF-α concentration was analyzed by ELISA. PE inhibited LPS-induced caspase-3 activation in ARVMs, which was reversed by prazosin (a membrane permeable α1-AR antagonist), but not by CGP12177A (a membrane impermeable α1-AR antagonist). PE upregulated phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 contents, decreased TNF-α and Bax levels, Cyt c release, caspase-8/-9 activities as well as IκBα, p38MAPK and JNK phosphorylation in LPS-treated ARVMs, all of which were abolished by prazosin. Treatment with U0126 (a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor) reversed the effects of PE on IκBα, p38MAPK and JNK phosphorylation as well as caspase-3/-8/-9 activation in LPS-treated ARVMs. In septic rats, PE not only inhibited myocardial apoptosis as well as IκBα, p38MAPK, and JNK phosphorylation, but also upregulated myocardial phosphorylated ERK1/2. Furthermore, PE inhibited myocardial cTnISer23/24 phosphorylation and improved cardiac function in septic rats. Taken together, our data suggest that α1-AR activation by PE inhibits sepsis-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction via activating ERK1/2 signal pathway.
Optimal Interval From Placement of a Self-expandable Metallic Stent to Surgery in Patients With Malignant Large Bowel Obstruction: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Matsuda Akihisa , Miyashita Masao , Matsumoto Satoshi , Sakurazawa Nobuyuki , Kawano Youichi , Yamada Takeshi , Matsutani Takeshi , Uchida Eiji 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for postoperative complications (POCs) and optimal interval between a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement and elective surgery, “bridge to surgery (BTS)” in patients with malignant large bowel obstruction.

Materials and Methods:
BTS strategy was attempted in 49 patients with malignant large bowel obstruction from January 2013 to March 2017 in our institution. Two of these patients were excluded because they had undergone emergency surgery for SEMS migration.

Results:
Of these 47 patients, 8 had developed POC (Clavien-Dindo grading ≥II), whereas 39 patients had no such complications. Multivariate analysis identified only the interval between SEMS and surgery as an independent risk factor for POC. Furthermore, a cutoff value of 15 days for interval between SEMS and surgery was identified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Conclusions:
An interval of over 15 days is recommended for minimizing POC in patients undergoing elective surgery in a BTS setting.
A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial of a Novel, Noninvasive Perfusion Enhancement System for the Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Sacral Pressure Injuries
Authors: Bharucha Jitendra B. , Seaman Linda , Powers Michele , Kelly Erica , Seaman Rodney , Forcier Lea , McGinnis Janice , Nodiff Isabel , Pawlak Brooke , Snyder Samantha , Nodiff Susan , Patel Rohan , Squitieri Rafael , Wang Lansheng 
Published: June 2018

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a novel, noninvasive perfusion enhancement system versus beds with integrated alternating pressure capabilities for the prevention of hospital-acquired sacral region (sacral, coccygeal, and ischium) pressure injuries in a high-risk, acute care patient population.

DESIGN:
A prospective randomized trial of high-risk inpatients without preexisting sacral region pressure injuries was conducted.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 431 randomly enrolled adult patients in a 300-bed tertiary care community teaching hospital.

METHODS:
Subjects were randomly allocated to one of 2 groups: control and experimental. Both groups received “standard-of-care” pressure injury prevention measures per hospital policy, and both were placed on alternating pressure beds during their hospital stays. In addition, patients in the experimental group used a noninvasive perfusion enhancement system placed on top of their alternating pressure beds and recovery chairs throughout their hospital stay. Fischer's exact probability test was used to compare group differences, and odds ratio (OR) were calculated for comparing pressure injury rates in the experimental and control groups.

RESULTS:
Three hundred ninety-nine patients completed the trial; 186 patients were allocated to the experimental group and 213 patients to the control group. Eleven patients in the control group versus 2 in the experimental group developed hospital-acquired sacral region pressure injuries (51.6% vs 1.07%; P = .024). Control patients were 5.04 times more likely to develop hospital-acquired sacral region pressure injuries (OR = 0.1996; 95% CI, 0.0437-0.9125).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients using a noninvasive perfusion enhancement system developed significantly fewer hospital-acquired sacral pressure injuries than those using an alternating pressure bed without the perfusion enhancement system. These findings suggest that a perfusion enhancement system enhances the success of use of pressure redistributing beds for prevention of hospital-acquired sacral pressure injuries.
Taste Receptor Cells in Mice Express Receptors for the Hormone Adiponectin
Authors: Crosson Sean M. , Marques Andrew , Dib Peter , Dotson Cedrick D. , Munger Steven D. , Zolotukhin Sergei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe metabolic hormone adiponectin is secreted into the circulation by adipocytes, and mediates key biological functions including insulin sensitivity, adipocyte development, and fatty acid oxidation. Adiponectin is also abundant in saliva, where its functions are poorly understood. Here we report that murine taste receptor cells express adiponectin receptors, and may be a target for salivary adiponectin. Analysis of a transcriptome dataset obtained by RNA-seq analysis of purified circumvallate taste buds, revealed high expression levels for three adiponectin receptor types. Immunohistochemical studies showed that two of these receptors, AdipoR1 and T-cadherin, are localized to subsets of taste receptor cells. Immunofluorescence for T-cadherin was primarily co-localized with the Type 2 taste receptor cell marker phospholipase β2, suggesting that adiponectin signaling could impact sweet, bitter, or umami taste signaling. However, adiponectin null mice showed no differences in taste responsiveness compared to wildtype controls in brief-access taste testing. AAV-mediated overexpression of adiponectin in the salivary glands of adiponectin null mice did result in a small but significant increase in behavioral taste responsiveness to the fat emulsion Intralipid. Together, these results suggest that salivary adiponectin can effect taste receptor cell function, though its impact on taste responsiveness and peripheral taste coding remains unclear.
Spatial Awareness of a Bacterial Swarm
Authors: Kotian Harshitha S. , Harkar Shalini , Joge Shubham , Mishra Ayushi , Zafal Amith , Singh Varsha , Varma Manoj M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBacteria are perhaps the simplest living systems capable of complex behaviour involving sensing and coherent, collective behaviour an example of which is the phenomena of swarming on agar surfaces. Two fundamental questions in bacterial swarming is how the information gathered by individual members of the swarm is shared across the swarm leading to coordinated swarm behaviour and what specific advantages does membership of the swarm provide its members in learning about their environment. In this article, we show a remarkable example of the collective advantage of a bacterial swarm which enables it to sense inert obstacles along its path. Agent based computational model of swarming revealed that independent individual behaviour in response to a two-component signalling mechanism could produce such behaviour. This is striking because independent individual behaviour without any explicit communication between agents was found to be sufficient for the swarm to effectively compute the gradient of signalling molecule concentration across the swarm and respond to it.