bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic compressive force modulates Ets‐1/Tks5 pathway to promote the formation of circumferential invadopodia and the fusion of osteoclast precursors
Authors: Wang Yifan , Zeng Zhimin , Cheng Yali , Zhao Liyao , Yan Qiqi , Qiu Yu , Hu Jiangtian , Guo Jie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDuring orthodontic treatment a mechanical force is applied to the teeth. However, it remains unclear how mechanical force promotes the maturation and fusion of osteoclast precursors into osteoclasts. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism by which orthodontic compressive force promotes osteoclast maturation. We used a RAW264.7 macrophage‐like cell line derived from Balb/c mice as the experimental model. We found that compressive force promoted the maturation of osteoclasts based on tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining and the formation of invadopodia based on immunstaining of Tks5 and F‐actin. Moreover, we found that compressive force upregulated the expression of Ets‐1 and Tks5 and promoted the activation of Ets‐1 in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, we identified Tks5 as a transcription target of Ets‐1 in RAW264.7 cells and demonstrated that Ets‐1 mediates the effects of compressive force on Tks5 upregulation, invadopodia formation and cell fusion in osteoclasts. In conclusion, Ets‐1 is upregulated by compressive force and it is essential to transducing the mechanical signal to promote invadopodia formation and osteoclast fusion. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanism underlying osteoclast maturation and fusion during orthodontic treatment.
Survival and growth analysis of multipurpose trees, shrubs, and grasses used to rehabilitate badlands in the subhumid tropics
Authors: Talema Ayalew , Poesen Jean , Muys Bart , Padro Roc , Dibaba Hirko , Diels Jan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVegetation plays a vital role for sustainable rehabilitation of degraded lands such as badlands with active gully erosion. However, the establishment of plant species on badlands remains a long‐lasting challenge in most regions, including the subhumid tropics. To address this challenge, 18 multipurpose plant species (six trees, three shrubs, and nine grasses), which were preselected from the regional species pool in Southwest Ethiopia, were planted in a badland and monitored from July 2011 to June 2014. The experiment had a split‐plot design with farmyard manure (FYM) application as main plot and plant species as subplot factors repeated in three blocks. The study revealed that grasses were the most successful to survive and rehabilitate the gully within the monitoring period compared with trees and shrubs. The survival rate of the four most successful grass species, Chrysopogon zizanioides, Pennisetum macrourum, Pennisetum polystachion, and Pennisetum purpureum ranged from 61% to 90% with FYM application and from 20% to 85% without FYM, while most of the well‐known indigenous and exotic trees and shrubs failed to survive. For the grass P. purpureum, shoot height, shoot, and root biomass were enhanced by 300%, 342%, and 578%, respectively, due to FYM application, with a remarkably higher response to FYM compared with all the other studied species. The overall results demonstrate that badlands can be effectively restored by using early successional species such as locally adapted and selected grasses before the plantation of trees and shrubs.
Coregulation of nitrous oxide emissions by nitrogen and temperature in China's third largest freshwater lake (Lake Taihu)
Authors: Xiao Qitao , Xu Xiaofeng , Zhang Mi , Duan Hongtao , Hu Zhenghua , Wang Wei , Xiao Wei , Lee Xuhui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas and contributes to the loss of stratospheric ozone. However, the role of inland waterbodies in the dynamics of atmospheric N2O is poorly understood. We investigated N2O fluxes and their controlling factors in Lake Taihu, a large and shallow (2400 km2, 1.9 m depth) eutrophic lake in eastern China. Long‐term measurements (2011–2016) revealed spatial and temporal variations in the lake surface N2O fluxes. The mean N2O flux from the lake was 3.5 ± 1.8 (mean ± SD) μmol m−2 d−1, with an annual N2O budget of 134.4 ± 69.8 Mg (106 g) yr−1. The highest N2O fluxes occurred in the eutrophic zone with significant anthropogenic N inputs, and the lowest fluxes occurred in the noneutrophic zone with no external N inflow. A seasonal pattern in N2O fluxes was observed only in the noneutrophic zone and was strongly correlated with water temperature. No seasonality in the N2O fluxes was observed in the eutrophic zone with high N concentrations in the water, indicating that N concentrations play a dominant role in regulating N2O fluxes compared to water temperature. The average N2O emission factor in Lake Taihu was 0.18%, with temporal and spatial variations negatively associated with N concentration but positively associated with the mass ratio of dissolved organic carbon to dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Our results suggest that anthropogenic activities strongly affect N2O fluxes in freshwater lakes.
Autologous rectus fascia sling for treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women: A review of the literature
Authors: Mahdy Ayman , Ghoniem Gamal M. 
Published: December 2018

AimsStress urinary incontinence (SUI) is common in the adult females. Surgical treatment options include synthetic mid‐urethral sling (MUS), autologous sling, bulking agents, and Burch colposuspension. The autologous pubovaginal sling (PVS) has re‐emerged in response to complications of synthetic MUSs and FDA communications regarding the use of vaginal mesh. This resulted in patients’ fear related to vaginal mesh and drop in number of patients seeking surgical treatment of SUI. PVS has re‐emerged as an option for treatment of primary SUI. The aim of this review is to familiarize, disseminate information, and share tips for the practicing female pelvic surgeons related to the practice of the autologous fascia sling.MethodsWe reviewed the literature related to the autologous sling. We used the following data bases and search engines: GoPubMed (Transinsight), Cochrane reviews (Wiley Interscience), google scholar (google), and Scopus (Elsevier). Because it is the most commonly investigated and utilized, we focused on the autologous rectus fascia sling. We also focused on the retropubic sling approach because the literature on transobturator rectus fascia sling is sparse.ResultsOut of 307 articles related to the subject found, 22 articles were included and the rest were excluded.ConclusionARFS is a valid primary method of treatment for female SUI. Also, it is used in particular indications such as patients with intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD), prior pelvic irradiation, failed and/or complicated synthetic MUS, and violated urethral lumen.
A bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization algorithm for mass minimization with multiple structural constraints
Authors: Munk David J. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryA bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization algorithm is presented, which employs integer linear programming to compute optimal solutions to topology optimization problems with the objective of mass minimization. The objective and constraint functions are linearized using Taylor's first‐order approximation, thereby allowing the method to handle all types of constraints without using Lagrange multipliers or sensitivity thresholds. A relaxation of the constraint targets is performed such that only small changes in topology are allowed during a single update, thus ensuring the existence of feasible solutions. A variety of problems are solved, demonstrating the ability of the method to easily handle a number of structural constraints, including compliance, stress, buckling, frequency, and displacement. This is followed by an example with multiple structural constraints and, finally, the method is demonstrated on a wing‐box, showing that topology optimization for mass minimization of real‐world structures can be considered using the proposed methodology.
Time‐lapse laboratory tests to monitor multiple phases of DNAPL in a porous medium
Authors: Orlando Luciana , Palladini Lucia 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTA soil contaminated by dense non‐aqueous phase liquids generally exhibits variation of electrical permittivity and resistivity over time. In this paper, we relate photo images with results of electrical resistivity tomography, induced polarization tomography, and ground‐penetrating radar survey in a laboratory‐controlled test, where a cell, filled with grained‐glass beads contaminated with HFE‐7100 (hydrofluoroether) and under saturated conditions, was used. The aim was to find robust links between geophysical and physico‐chemical parameters of a contaminated soil in order to reduce the ambiguities in data interpretation. The monitoring, conducted over 100 days, shows that each geophysical method may or may not be sensitive to the multiple phases of hydrofluoroether (pure, dissolved and gaseous phases) depending on the contaminant (chemical composition, fresh, mature, etc.) and on the host enviroment. We propose some empirical relationships that allow us to quantitatively monitor the water saturation variation induced by hydrofluoroether.The photo images confirm that the pure phase of hydrofluoroether changes over time, which is probably due to biological or/and chemical variation of the contaminant. Electrical resistivity tomography results appear to be sensitive to the vast amount of pure phase of the hydrofluoroether. Induced polarization, measured in the extremely low frequency range (<25 Hz), allows detecting the pure phase of the contaminant, probably due to the decrease of water permeability and chemical degradation of the compound over time. The ground‐penetrating radar and time domain reflectometry methods based on measurements in very‐high frequency and ultra‐high frequency ranges are mainly sensitive to the water content and, as a consequence, to the replacement of water by pure and gaseous phases of hydrofluoroether.
“Gueule cassée” (facial injuries): a 3D paleotraumatology study and facial approximation of a Napoleonic soldier who died in 1812 at Königsberg during the Russian Campaign
Authors: Coutinho Nogueira Dany , Dutailly Bruno , Comte Florent , Vasil'iev Alexandr , Khokhlov Alexandr , Shvedchikova Tatiana , Berezina Natalia , Buzhilova Alexandra , Dutour Olivier , Coqueugniot Hélène 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe invasion of Russia by the Napoleonic Grande Armée was a complete disaster. The French army was decimated during the retreat from Russia. Thousands of victims were buried in mass graves located near several cities during the retreat. One of these mass graves was discovered in in the centre of Kaliningrad (formerly Königsberg), presently the most occidental oblast of the Russian Federation. Some skeletons revealed evidence of violence related traumatic injuries. Among them, the skeleton C2 belonged to a young male, who had suffered a serious injury to the lower face. The state of post‐traumatic remodelling indicated survival of about 2 months (between more than 6 weeks and less than 3 months).The 3D reconstruction of the mandible and the maxilla contributed additional information about the injury, its cause, and treatment. This permitted pretraumatic reconstruction of the viscerocranium and mandible through the application of two new techniques: virtual osteotomy and virtual bone transplant from another individual and perform an approximation of the face (to recreate the soft tissues) of this unidentified soldier using anthropological facial approximation in three dimensions software. These results highlight the use of 3D methods in paleopathology and forensic anthropology to reconstruct traumatic facial injuries and the pretraumatic facial appearance.
EMP: execution time measurement protocol for compute‐bound programs
Authors: Suh Young‐Kyoon , Snodgrass Richard T. , Kececioglu John D. , Downey Peter J. , Maier Robert S. , Yi Cheng 
Published: December 2018

SummaryMeasuring execution time is one of the most used performance evaluation techniques in computer science research. Inaccurate measurements cannot be used for a fair performance comparison between programs. Despite the prevalence of its use, the intrinsic variability in the time measurement makes it hard to obtain repeatable and accurate timing results of a program running on an operating system. We propose a novel execution time measurement protocol (termed EMP) for measuring the execution time of a compute‐bound program on Linux, while minimizing that measurement's variability. During the development of execution time measurement protocol, we identified several factors that disturb execution time measurement. We introduce successive refinements to the protocol by addressing each of these factors, in concert, reducing variability by more than an order of magnitude. We also introduce a new visualization technique, what we term ‘dual‐execution scatter plot’ that highlights infrequent, long‐running daemons, differentiating them from frequent and/or short‐running daemons. Our empirical results show that the proposed protocol successfully achieves three major aspects—precision, accuracy, and scalability—in execution time measurement that can work for open‐source and proprietary software. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explaining differential vulnerability to climate change: A social science review
Authors: Thomas Kimberley , Hardy R. Dean , Lazrus Heather , Mendez Michael , Orlove Ben , Rivera‐Collazo Isabel , Roberts J. Timmons , Rockman Marcy , Warner Benjamin P. , Winthrop Robert 
Published: December 2018

The varied effects of recent extreme weather events around the world exemplify the uneven impacts of climate change on populations, even within relatively small geographic regions. Differential human vulnerability to environmental hazards results from a range of social, economic, historical, and political factors, all of which operate at multiple scales. While adaptation to climate change has been the dominant focus of policy and research agendas, it is essential to ask as well why some communities and peoples are disproportionately exposed to and affected by climate threats. The cases and synthesis presented here are organized around four key themes (resource access, governance, culture, and knowledge), which we approach from four social science fields (cultural anthropology, archaeology, human geography, and sociology). Social scientific approaches to human vulnerability draw vital attention to the root causes of climate change threats and the reasons that people are forced to adapt to them. Because vulnerability is a multidimensional process rather than an unchanging state, a dynamic social approach to vulnerability is most likely to improve mitigation and adaptation planning efforts.This article is categorized under:
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation
Terror Management Theory and mortality awareness: A missing link in climate response studies?
Authors: Wolfe Sarah E. , Tubi Amit 
Published: December 2018

Adaptation and mitigation efforts are hampered by multiple obstacles and thus lag behind climate changes' speed and scope. Some of the most powerful obstacles to climate action are the social‐psychological factors that influence human thought, preferences, and behaviors. These factors, including those articulated by environmental psychology generally, and Terror Management Theory (TMT) specifically, are neglected within climate response research. TMT underlies an extensive and well‐established literature; researchers have shown that efforts to repress one's mortality awareness, triggered when people are explicitly or implicitly reminded of their unavoidable death, influences individuals' attitudes and behavior. These psychological defenses, including denial, distraction and worldview defense, sometimes produce counter‐intuitive and potentially counter‐productive outcomes. Meanwhile, the growing global awareness and media coverage of climate change, and much scholarly research, has skewed toward negative “disaster and death” narratives. Exposure to such stimuli, highlighting climate change's potentially life‐threatening effects, may exacerbate counter‐productive responses. In this thought experiment, we propose that mortality awareness could be a critical variable that helps explain climate action at the individual and societal levels. We survey TMT insights, focusing on the relationship between mortality reminders and human responses. We then identify how climate change may lead to increased mortality awareness and consider the psychological defenses triggered by this awareness. We argue that mortality defenses may both limit and advance climate action. Finally, we set out an agenda for TMT‐climate response research and discuss the potential to advance several inquiry lines, including climate change communication, collective action and the capacity for transformational responses.This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses
Stepfamily Structure and Transfers Between Generations in U.S. Families
Authors: Wiemers Emily E. , Seltzer Judith A. , Schoeni Robert F. , Hotz V. Joseph , Bianchi Suzanne M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Unstable couple relationships and high rates of repartnering have increased the share of U.S. families with stepkin. Yet data on stepfamily structure are from earlier periods, include only coresident stepkin, or cover only older adults. In this study, we use new data on family structure and transfers in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to describe the prevalence and numbers of stepparents and stepchildren for adults of all ages and to characterize the relationship between having stepkin and transfers of time and money between generations, regardless of whether the kin live together. We find that having stepparents and stepchildren is very common among U.S. households, especially younger households. Furthermore, stepkin substantially increase the typical household’s family size; stepparents and stepchildren increase a household’s number of parents and adult children by nearly 40 % for married/cohabiting couples with living parents and children. However, having stepkin is associated with fewer transfers, particularly time transfers between married women and their stepparents and stepchildren. The increase in the number of family members due to stepkin is insufficient to compensate for the lower likelihood of transfers in stepfamilies. Our findings suggest that recent cohorts with more stepkin may give less time assistance to adult children and receive less time assistance from children in old age than prior generations.
Point-prevalence study of antimicrobial use in public hospitals in southern Sri Lanka identifies opportunities for improving prescribing practices
Authors: Sheng Tianchen , Wijayaratne Gaya B. , Dabrera Thushani M. , Drew Richard J. , Nagahawatte Ajith , Bodinayake Champica K. , Kurukulasooriya Ruvini , Østbye Truls , Nagaro Kristin J. , De Silva Cherin , Ranawakaarachchi Hasini , Sudarshana A. T. , Anderson Deverick J. , Woods Christopher W. , Tillekeratne L. Gayani 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA point-prevalence study of antimicrobial use among inpatients at 5 public hospitals in Sri Lanka revealed that 54.6% were receiving antimicrobials: 43.1% in medical wards, 68.0% in surgical wards, and 97.6% in intensive care wards. Amoxicillin-clavulanate was most commonly used for major indications. Among patients receiving antimicrobials, 31.0% received potentially inappropriate therapy.
Domestic Acquisition Experience and the Internationalization of Chinese Firms: The Role of Institutional Heterogeneity
Authors: Muratova Yulia 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe liability of foreignness increases firm risk of doing business abroad. However, it appears not to deter Chinese firms as evidenced by their risky internationalization pattern. This study is concerned with explaining this phenomenon. Drawing on organizational learning and institutional theories, I argue that institutional heterogeneity in China gives firms an opportunity to develop routines to overcome the liability of foreignness through acquisition experience gained outside of their home provinces. Further, I propose that coastal and inland firms draw different routines from their acquisition experiences. I test these arguments on panel data of listed Chinese firms, tracing their acquisition behavior from 2006 to 2015. My analyses suggest that acquisition experience outside of home province matters and that, in the case of inland firms, coastal acquisition experience facilitates subsequent internationalization. The present study contributes to the literature on the internationalization of Chinese firms. It highlights the value of context-specific measures for Chinese management research, sheds light on the functionality of institutional heterogeneity in China, and provides evidence to re-evaluate the riskiness of Chinese firms’ internationalization pattern.
Celebrity Philanthropy in China: Reconfiguring Government and Non-Government Roles in National Development
Authors: Deng Guosheng , Jeffreys Elaine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article provides the first comprehensive analysis of the development of, and public responses to, celebrity-fronted philanthropy in the People's Republic of China. It explores the extent and nature of celebrity philanthropy with reference to a sample of mainland Chinese celebrities in entertainment and sports. It then draws on interviews conducted with employees of large charities to examine the kinds of links that are being forged between China's not-for-profit sector and commercial organizations managing the work of celebrities. Finally, it analyses the responses to a national survey on celebrity and philanthropy. We conclude that the relationship between China's government, not-for-profit and celebrity sectors is becoming more professionalized and organized. This development reveals how the roles and capacities of government are being reconfigured and expanded, even as it also enhances the scope for action and the influence of new social actors and organizations to address government-led national development issues.
Understanding the factors influencing low-income caregivers’ perceived value of a federal nutrition programme, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC)
Authors: Weber Summer Joy , Wichelecki Jana , Chavez Noel , Bess Stephanie , Reese LaShon , Odoms-Young Angela 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveRetention of participants has been an issue in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). It has been suggested that the perceived value of WIC may affect whether participants remain in the programme. The present study aimed to explore this phenomenon.DesignUsing a constructivist approach, thirty-one individual in-depth interviews were conducted. Transcripts were analysed using constant comparative analysis. Social, cultural and environmental factors that contribute to the value of WIC were explored as the phenomenon of interest.SettingEight WIC clinics across the State of Illinois, USA.ParticipantsThirty-one caregivers of children enrolled in WIC for at least 6 months.ResultsSeveral factors influenced perceived value of WIC at the interpersonal (level of social support), clinic (value of WIC services v. programme administration issues), vendor (shopping difficulties), community and systems levels (other programme use, stigma and restrictions on food choice). Other themes existed along continua, which overlapped several levels (continuum of perceived need and perceived value of infant formula).ConclusionsMany caregivers value WIC, especially before their child turns 1 year old. Improvements are needed at the clinic, during shopping and within the food packages themselves in order to increase perceived value of WIC.