bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noise transmission during the dynamic pattern formation in fly embryos
Authors: Yang Zhe , Wu Xiaoxuan , Yang Ning , Liu Feng 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundDevelopmental patterning is highly reproducible and accurate at the single‐cell level during fly embryogenesis despite the gene expression noise and external perturbations such as the variation of the embryo length, temperature and genes. To reveal the underlying mechanism, it is very important to characterize the noise transmission during the dynamic pattern formation. Two hypotheses have been proposed. The “channel” scenario requires a highly reproducible input and an accurate interpretation by downstream genes. In contrast, the “filter” scenario proposes a noisy input and a noise filter via the cross‐regulation of the downstream network. It has been under great debates which scenario the fly embryogenesis follows.ResultsThe first 3‐h developmental patterning of fly embryos is orchestrated by a hierarchical segmentation gene network, which rewires upon the maternal to zygotic transition. Starting from the highly reproducible maternal gradients, the positional information is refined to the single‐cell precision through the highly dynamical evolved zygotic gene expression profiles. Thus the fly embryo development might strictly fit into neither the originally proposed “filter” nor “channel” scenario. The controversy that which scenario the fly embryogenesis follows could be further clarified by combining quantitative measurements and modeling.ConclusionsFly embryos have become one of the perfect model systems for quantitative systems biology studies. The underlying mechanism discovered from fly embryogenesis will deepen our understanding of the noise control of the gene network, facilitate searching for more efficient and safer methods for cell programming and reprogramming, and have the great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Development and Persistence of Suspected Neuropathic Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Individuals With Osteoarthritis
Authors: Fitzsimmons Matthew , Carr Eloise , Woodhouse Linda , Bostick Geoff P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite the effectiveness of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis (OA), up to 20% will report knee pain 1 year after surgery. One possible reason is the development of neuropathic pain before or after TKA.ObjectiveTo longitudinally describe suspected neuropathic pain in patients pre‐ and post‐TKA and to explore relations between pre‐TKA suspected neuropathic pain and post‐TKA outcomes.DesignProspective observational study.SettingParticipants were recruited from orthopedic surgery clinics prior to inpatient elective primary TKA.ParticipantsConvenience sample of 135 patients were assessed for eligibility; 99 were enrolled and 74 completed the 6‐month follow‐up.MethodsParticipants completed the Self–Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S‐LANSS) and outcome measures at baseline (pre‐TKA) and 1 and 6 months post‐TKA by postal survey. Demographic variables included age, gender, and comorbidities. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the presence of suspected neuropathic pain at each assessment and course of outcomes for various suspected neuropathic pain trajectories. Further, t‐tests were used to compare outcomes between those with and without suspected neuropathic pain at each assessment. Multiple linear regressions assessed the relationship between baseline suspected neuropathic pain and 6‐month outcomes.Main Outcome MeasurementsIntermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) for depression.ResultsSuspected neuropathic pain was present in 35.5% of pre‐TKA patients, 39.0% at 1 month, and 23.6% at 6 months post‐TKA. Those with suspected neuropathic pain had higher scores for ICOAP total pain (P = .05), pain catastrophizing (P < .01), and depression (P < .01) at each assessment. After adjusting for potential confounding, pre‐TKA suspected neuropathic pain did not predict ICOAP total pain or PHQ‐9 depression scores at 6 months.ConclusionsAlthough 14% of individuals with knee OA had suspected neuropathic pain that persisted 6 months post‐TKA and those with suspected neuropathic pain had higher levels of pain, catastrophizing, and depression, the clinical identification of neuropathic pain remains enigmatic. Preoperative suspected neuropathic pain, as measured by S‐LANSS, may have limited prognostic value for post‐TKA outcomes.Level of EvidenceII
What Types of Treatment Are Provided for Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? A Retrospective Analysis of Commercial Insurance
Authors: Baker Nancy A. , Stevans Joel M. , Terhorst Lauren , Haas Allen M. , Kuo Yong‐Fan , Al Snih Soham 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in commercially insured patients across the spectrum of provider types rarely has been described.ObjectiveTo describe patterns of types of treatment for patients with CTS using a large commercial insurance database.DesignRetrospective cohort descriptive study.SettingAdministrative health data from the Clinformatics Data Mart (OptumInsight, Eden Prairie, MN).PatientsAdults with a primary diagnosis of CTS seen from between January 2010 to December 2012 who had a total of 48 months of continuous data (12 months before diagnosis and 36 months after diagnosis) (n = 24,931).OutcomesFrequency of types of treatment (heat, manual therapy, positioning, steroids, stretching, surgery) by number of treatments, number of visits, provider type, and characteristics.ResultsFifty‐four percent of patients received no reported treatment, and 50.4% had no additional visits. Surgery (42.5%) and positioning (39.8%) were the most frequent single treatments. Patients who were seen by orthopedist for their first visit more frequently received some treatment (75.1%) and at least 1 additional visit (74.1%) compared with those seen by general practitioners (59.5%, 57.5%, respectively) or other providers (65.4%, 68.4, respectively). Orthopedists more frequently prescribed positioning devices (26.8%) and surgery (36.8%) than general practitioners (18.8%, 14.1%, respectively) or other providers (15.7%, 19.7%, respectively). Older adults more frequently had CTS surgery, as did people who lived in the Midwest. Overall, only 24% of patients with CTS had surgery.ConclusionsFor more than one‐half of patients with CTS no treatment was provided after an initial visit. Surgery rates were much lower than what has previously been reported in the literature. Generally, patients with CTS receive treatments that are supported by current treatment guidelines.Level of EvidenceNA
Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Implementation of a Quality Improvement Intervention Using Real-Time Feedback and an Electronic Order Set for the Management of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Rosa Rossana , Zavala Bruno , Cain Natalie , Anjan Shweta , Aragon Laura , Abbo Lilian M. 
Published: February 2018

Antimicrobial stewardship programs can optimize the management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia by integrating information technology and microbiology laboratory resources. This study describes our experience implementing an intervention consisting of real-time feedback and the use of an electronic order set for the management of S. aureus bacteremia.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:346–349
Glacier-wide summer surface mass-balance calculation: hydrological balance applied to the Argentière and Mer de Glace drainage basins (Mont Blanc)
Authors: VIANI A. , CONDOM T. , VINCENT C. , RABATEL A. , BACCHI B. , SICART J.E. , REVUELTO J. , SIX D. , ZIN I. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTWe present the glacier-wide summer surface mass balances determined by a detailed hydrological balance (sSMBhydro) and the quantification of the uncertainties of the calculations on the Argentière and Mer de Glace-Leschaux drainage basins, located in the upper Arve watershed (French Alps), over the period 1996–2004. The spatial distribution of precipitation within the study area was adjusted using in situ winter mass-balance measurements. The sSMBhydro performance was assessed via a comparison with the summer surface mass balances based on in situ glaciological observations (sSMBglacio). Our results show that the sSMBhydro has an uncertainty of ± 0.67 m w.e. a−1 at Argentière and ± 0.66 m w.e. a−1 at Mer de Glace-Leschaux. Estimates of the Argentière sSMBhydro values are in good agreement with the sSMBglacio values. These time series show almost the same interannual variability. From the marked difference between the sSMBhydro and sSMBglacio values for the Mer de Glace-Leschaux glacier, we suspect a significant role of groundwater fluxes in the hydrological balance. This study underlines the importance of taking into account the groundwater transfers to represent and predict the hydro-glaciological behaviour of a catchment.
LANGUAGE AND POWER IN AN ENGLISH CONVENT IN EXILE, c. 1621 – c. 1631
Authors: MURPHY EMILIE K. M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractScholarship on transnational encounter has predominantly focused on men's cross-cultural interactions. This article breaks new ground by exploring women's roles in similar forms of linguistic and power negotiation within the context of English convents founded in Europe during the seventeenth century. Moreover, recent scholarship on English convents has so far remained silent on the question of how these women negotiated the language barriers that many of them faced. This article proposes an answer by examining the correspondence sent in the 1620s from the English Benedictine convent in Brussels. These letters reveal the changing ways in which English nuns relied on both male and female translators to communicate. In so doing, this article expands existing scholarly understanding of epistolary and literary culture by exploring the authorial strategies employed in the convent, which afforded the nuns a sense of authority over their texts. The letters were vital avenues for the women to express dissent, and raise concerns over the way their community was governed. Finally, despite being enclosed institutions, English convents in exile were not monoglot spaces but porous sites of multi-lingual encounter.
The Ethics of Real-Time EMS Direction: Suggested Curricular Content
Authors: Brenner Jay M. , Aswegan Andrew L. , Vearrier Laura E. , Basford Jesse B. , Iserson Kenneth V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEthical dilemmas can create moral distress in even the most experienced emergency physicians (EPs). Following reasonable and justified approaches can help alleviate such distress. The purpose of this article is to guide EPs providing Emergency Medical Services (EMS) direction to navigate through common ethical issues confronted in the prehospital delivery of care, including protecting privacy and confidentiality, decision-making capacity and refusal of treatment, withholding of treatment, and termination of resuscitation (TOR). This requires a strong foundation in the principles and theories underlying sound ethical decisions that EPs and prehospital providers make every day in good faith, but will now also make with more awareness and conscientiousness.BrennerJM, AsweganAL, VearrierLE, BasfordJB, IsersonKV. The ethics of real-time EMS direction: suggested curricular content. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(2):201–212.
Topics and topical phases in German social media communication during a disaster
Authors: GRÜNDER-FAHRER SABINE , SCHLAF ANTJE , WIEDEMANN GREGOR , HEYER GERHARD 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSocial media are an emerging new paradigm in interdisciplinary research in crisis informatics. They bring many opportunities as well as challenges to all fields of application and research involved in the project of using social media content for an improved disaster management. Using the Central European flooding 2013 as our case study, we optimize and apply methods from the field ofnatural language processingand unsupervised machine learning to investigate the thematic and temporal structure of German social media communication. By means of topic model analysis, we will investigate which kind of content was shared on social media during the event. On this basis, we will, furthermore, investigate the development of topics over time and apply temporal clustering techniques to automatically identify different characteristic phases of communication. From the results, we, first, want to reveal properties of social media content and show what potential social media have for improving disaster management in Germany. Second, we will be concerned with the methodological issue of finding and adapting natural language processing methods that are suitable for analysing social media data in order to obtain information relevant for disaster management. With respect to the first, application-oriented focal point, our study reveals high potential of social media content in the factual, organizational and psychological dimension of the disaster and during all stages of the disaster management life cycle. Interestingly, there appear to be systematic differences in thematic profile between the different platforms Facebook and Twitter and between different stages of the event. In context of our methodological investigation, we claim that if topic model analysis is combined with appropriate optimization techniques, it shows high applicability for thematic and temporal social media analysis in disaster management.
The elk, the ass, the tapir, their hooves, and the falling sickness: a story of substitution and animal medical substances
Authors: Podgorny Irina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article presents a preliminary survey by which to track, in thelongue durée, the path of the nail of theGran Bestia(great beast), a remedy that appeared in therapeutics on both sides of the Atlantic. TheGran Bestiais mentioned in the natural histories, books of remedies, and medical handbooks that proliferated in the Old World and European settlements from the seventeenth century onwards. From the point of view of global history, it is a revealing case from which to investigate, first, how the transfer of a name between continents involved the associated transfer of medical virtues and properties and, second, long before Linnaeus, how the commerce in medicines, skins, and other animal products contributed to associating different animal kinds from different cultural worlds. Far from human universals, the history of the great beast seems to refer to common meanings created by commerce. This article therefore argues for a new investigation into the global and transdisciplinary dimension of objects that is not limited to exclusively local traditions, and may instead reflect the living remains of a long history of exchanges, translations, and transfers that de- and re-functionalized nature in evolving geographies over several centuries.
Pathways to intensify the utilization of conservation agriculture by African smallholder farmers
Authors: Brown Brendan , Nuberg Ian , Llewellyn Rick 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIf the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are to be achieved, African smallholder farmers will need to embrace new technologies such as conservation agriculture (CA) in order to increase both their productivity and sustainability. Yet farmers have been slow to embrace CA and when they have, they are inclined to do so at limited intensities. Current investigations tend to apply binary frameworks that classify all utilizations as ‘adoption’, and do not consider in depth the farmer perspectives and contextual realities that affect farmer decision-making on the intensity of use. We analyze 57 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with farmers who implement CA to understand why they tend to do so at limited intensities and what is required to intensify their CA activities, both for them and others within their communities. While most farmers reported substantial yield benefits from using CA, this was mainly related to input intensification (particularly herbicides) and was limited by constrained financial resources. Overall, the intensity of CA utilization was constrained due to farmer-identified constraints across their physical, financial, human and informational resources. Because of this, stagnation at low intensities of CA utilization was common, reflecting the assumed transformational adoption pathway for CA and the focus on binary adoption, as opposed to modification and the broader utilization process. To overcome this, we propose a more nuanced transitional approach focused on the intensification of four broader principles of CA over time [i.e., (1) strategic tillage, (2) soil protection, (3) crop diversification and (4) input management] as opposed to the strict packaging of CA practices. Such a change in approach will foster increased positive perceptions within the community and allow farmers to locally adapt CA to build their own way toward complete CA utilization and with less need for subsidization.
Introduction to the special issue on adapting institutions to climate change
Authors: ROGGERO MATTEO , VILLAMAYOR-TOMAS SERGIO , OBERLACK CHRISTOPH , EISENACK KLAUS , BISARO ALEXANDER , HINKEL JOCHEN , THIEL ANDREAS 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article introduces the special issue on climate adaptation and institutions. Economic accounts of climate adaptation have stressed its collective action nature and the limitations of standard economic approaches to the matter. Governance accounts, on their part, have shown that adaptation does not always happen when it is expected. Against this background, institutional economics has the potential to shed light on those societal processes and collective mechanisms leading to and shaping adaptation (or the absence of it). The selection of articles contributing to this special issue shows that climate adaptation can indeed be explored successfully through institutional economics, and that doing so fits well within the institutional economics agenda. Some recommendations for future research are provided at the end.
The competition and evolution of ideas in the public sphere: a new foundation for institutional theory
Authors: MARKEY-TOWLER BRENDAN 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper advances and defends the proposition that the basis for the evolution of institutions is the evolution and competition of ideas in the public sphere. This is based on a deeper proposition that institutions are ideas and ideas become institutions. We draw on the ‘Brisbane School’ of evolutionary/institutional economics and of behavioural/psychological economics to investigate the microdynamics of the competition of ideas in the public sphere, which has been studied at a macroscopic level by Isabel Almudi, Francisco Fatas-Villafranca and Jason Potts. The theory we develop gives us a new vision of institutional evolution as emerging from the microdynamics of the evolution and competition of ideas in the public sphere, and a new foundation for institutional theory. It gives us a new vision of the microdynamics of institutional evolution, the evolutionary fitness of ideas for competition in the public sphere and the likely path of institutional evolution.
Cryptophyta as major bacterivores in freshwater summer plankton
Authors: Grujcic Vesna , Nuy Julia K , Salcher Michaela M , Shabarova Tanja , Kasalicky Vojtech , Boenigk Jens , Jensen Manfred , Simek Karel 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Small bacterivorous eukaryotes play a cardinal role in aquatic food webs and their taxonomic classification is currently a hot topic in aquatic microbial ecology. Despite increasing interest in their diversity, core questions regarding predator–prey specificity remain largely unanswered, e.g., which heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNFs) are the main bacterivores in freshwaters and which prokaryotes support the growth of small HNFs. To answer these questions, we fed natural communities of HNFs from Římov reservoir (Czech Republic) with five different bacterial strains of the ubiquitous betaproteobacterial genera Polynucleobacter and Limnohabitans. We combined amplicon sequencing and catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) targeting eukaryotic 18 S rRNA genes to track specific responses of the natural HNF community to prey amendments. While amplicon sequencing provided valuable qualitative data and a basis for designing specific probes, the number of reads was insufficient to accurately quantify certain eukaryotic groups. We also applied a double-hybridization technique that allows simultaneous phylogenetic identification of both predator and prey. Our results show that community composition of HNFs is strongly dependent upon prey type. Surprisingly, Cryptophyta were the most abundant bacterivores, although this phylum has been so far assumed to be mainly autotrophic. Moreover, the growth of a small lineage of Cryptophyta (CRY1 clade) was strongly stimulated by one Limnohabitans strain in our experiment. Thus, our study is the first report that colorless Cryptophyta are major bacterivores in summer plankton samples and can play a key role in the carbon transfer from prokaryotes to higher trophic levels.
Consistent changes in the taxonomic structure and functional attributes of bacterial communities during primary succession
Authors: Ortiz-Álvarez Rüdiger , Fierer Noah , de los Ríos Asunción , Casamayor Emilio O , Barberán Albert 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Ecologists have long studied primary succession, the changes that occur in biological communities after initial colonization of an environment. Most of this work has focused on succession in plant communities, laying the conceptual foundation for much of what we currently know about community assembly patterns over time. Because of their prevalence and importance in ecosystems, an increasing number of studies have focused on microbial community dynamics during succession. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of bacterial primary succession patterns across a range of distinct habitats, including the infant gut, plant surfaces, soil chronosequences, and aquatic environments, to determine whether consistent changes in bacterial diversity, community composition, and functional traits are evident over the course of succession. Although these distinct habitats harbor unique bacterial communities, we were able to identify patterns in community assembly that were shared across habitat types. We found an increase in taxonomic and functional diversity with time while the taxonomic composition and functional profiles of communities became less variable (lower beta diversity) in late successional stages. In addition, we found consistent decreases in the rRNA operon copy number and in the high-efficient phosphate assimilation process (Pst system) suggesting that reductions in resource availability during succession select for taxa adapted to low-resource conditions. Together, these results highlight that, like many plant communities, microbial communities also exhibit predictable patterns during primary succession.