bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among Lebanese households with children aged 4–18 years: findings from a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Jomaa Lamis , Naja Farah , Kharroubi Samer , Hwalla Nahla 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveFood insecurity (FI) is a major public health problem in Lebanon, a small middle-income country with the highest refugee per capita concentration worldwide and prolonged political and economic challenges. The present study aimed to measure the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of household FI and to explore the association of household FI with anthropometric measures of children and their mothers.DesignCross-sectional survey (2014–2015).SettingLebanon.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of Lebanese households with 4–18-year-old-children and their mothers (n1204).ResultsFI prevalence (95 % CI), measured using the Arabic-translated, validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, was found to be 49·3 (44·0, 54·6) % in the study sample. Mild, moderate and severe FI were found in 7·0 (5·5, 9·2) %, 23·3 (20·1, 26·8) % and 18·9 (14·9, 23·5) % of households, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that low maternal and paternal education, unemployment and crowding were significant correlates of household FI (P<0·05). No significant associations were observed between FI and anthropometric measures of children and their mothers, after adjusting for other socio-economic correlates. Food-insecure households reported various mechanisms to cope with food shortage, such as reducing the number of meals/d (49·6 %), borrowing food (54·4 %), spending savings (34·5 %) and withdrawing children from schools (8·0 %).ConclusionsFI exists among a remarkable proportion of Lebanese households with children. Correlates of household FI should be considered when designing social welfare policies and public health programmes to promote more sustainable, resilient and healthier livelihoods among vulnerable individuals.
Changes in newspaper coverage of mental illness from 2008 to 2016 in England
Authors: Anderson C. , Robinson E. J. , Krooupa A.-M. , Henderson C. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Aims
Since 2008 England's anti-stigma programme Time to Change has lobbied media outlets about stigmatising coverage and worked with them to promote accurate and non-stigmatising coverage. While this may have an impact on coverage and hence attitudes, it is also possible that coverage can change in response to improving attitudes, through the creation of a market demand for less stigmatising coverage. This study evaluates English newspaper coverage of mental health topics between 2008 and 2016.

Method
Articles covering mental health in 27 newspapers were retrieved using keyword searches on two randomly chosen days each month in 2008–2016, excluding 2012 and 2015 due to restricted resources. Content analysis used a structured coding framework. Univariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of each hypothesised element occurring in 2016 compared with 2008 and Wald tests to assess the overall statistical significance of the year variable as the predictor.

Results
The sample retrieved almost doubled between 2008 (n = 882) and 2016 (n = 1738). We found a significant increase in the proportion of anti-stigmatising articles (odds ratio (OR) 2.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.86–2.74)) and a significant decrease in stigmatising articles (OR 0.62 (95% CI 0.51–0.75)). Reports on all diagnoses except for schizophrenia were more often anti-stigmatising than stigmatising.

Conclusions
This is the first clear evidence of improvement in coverage since the start of Time to Change. However, coverage of schizophrenia may be less affected by this positive shift than that of other diagnoses. The increase in the level of coverage identified in 2016 requires further investigation, as it may also influence public conceptualisation of what constitutes mental illness, attitudes to mental illness in general and/or specific diagnoses. While most anti-stigma programmes are not diagnosis specific, we suggest their evaluation would benefit from a diagnosis specific approach to allow fuller interpretation of their effects. This could include media analysis driven by hypotheses based on diagnoses to ascertain whether variations by diagnosis over time occur both in the nature and in the proportion of coverage.
234Th‐Derived Particle Fluxes and Seasonal Variability: When Is the SS Assumption Reliable? Insights From a Novel Approach for Carbon Flux Simulation
Authors: Ceballos‐Romero E. , De Soto F. , Le Moigne F. A. C. , García‐Tenorio R. , Villa‐Alfageme M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract234Th measurements are widely used to estimate the downward carbon flux of particles via the oceanic Biological Pump. Carbon export is evaluated from 234Th‐238U disequilibrium assuming either steady state (SS) conditions, or including a non‐SS (NSS) correction. We use a novel stochastic simulation to quantify the temporal variation of vertical carbon and 234Th (dissolved and particulate) concentration profiles with high temporal resolution. We calculate seasonal export as if in situ measured with sediment trap and SS‐ and NSS‐234Th approaches and quantify the periods of validity for SS/NSS conditions defined in previous works. The SS approach is valid throughout the entire season in oligotrophic regions. In temperate regions, the SS introduces a bias in the export if sampling takes place outside specific temporal windows. Windows of validity range from days in short blooms of ~15‐day duration to weeks in blooms longer than ~30 days.
Wide-gamut lasing from a single organic chromophore
Authors: Lane S. , Vagin S. , Wang H. , Heinz W. R. , Morrish W. , Zhao Y. , Rieger B. , Meldrum A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe development of wideband lasing media has deep implications for imaging, sensing, and display technologies. We show that a single chromophore can be engineered to feature wide-gamut fluorescence and lasing throughout the entire visible spectrum and beyond. This exceptional color tuning demonstrates a chemically controlled paradigm for light emission applications with precise color management. Achieving such extensive color control requires a molecular blueprint that yields a high quantum efficiency and a high solubility in a wide variety of liquids and solids while featuring a heterocyclic structure with good steric access to the lone pair electrons. With these requirements in mind, we designed a lasing chromophore that encloses a lasing color space twice as large as the sRGB benchmark. This record degree of color tuning can in principle be adapted to the solid state by incorporating the chromophore into polymer films. By appropriately engineering the base molecular structure, the widest range of lasing wavelengths observed for a conventional gain medium can be achieved, in turn establishing a possible route toward high-efficiency light emitters and lasers with near-perfect chromaticity.
Two-dimensional transition metal carbides as supports for tuning the chemistry of catalytic nanoparticles
Authors: Li Zhe , Yu Liang , Milligan Cory , Ma Tao , Zhou Lin , Cui Yanran , Qi Zhiyuan , Libretto Nicole , Xu Biao , Luo Junwei , Shi Enzheng , Wu Zhenwei , Xin Hongliang , Delgass W. Nicholas , Miller Jeffrey T. , Wu Yue 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSupported nanoparticles are broadly employed in industrial catalytic processes, where the active sites can be tuned by metal-support interactions (MSIs). Although it is well accepted that supports can modify the chemistry of metal nanoparticles, systematic utilization of MSIs for achieving desired catalytic performance is still challenging. The developments of supports with appropriate chemical properties and identification of the resulting active sites are the main barriers. Here, we develop two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXenes) supported platinum as efficient catalysts for light alkane dehydrogenations. Ordered Pt3Ti and surface Pt3Nb intermetallic compound nanoparticles are formed via reactive metal-support interactions on Pt/Ti3C2Txand Pt/Nb2CTxcatalysts, respectively. MXene supports modulate the nature of the active sites, making them highly selective toward C–H activation. Such exploitation of the MSIs makes MXenes promising platforms with versatile chemical reactivity and tunability for facile design of supported intermetallic nanoparticles over a wide range of compositions and structures.
Active learning for accelerated design of layered materials
Authors: Bassman Oftelie Lindsay , Rajak Pankaj , Kalia Rajiv K. , Nakano Aiichiro , Sha Fei , Sun Jifeng , Singh David J. , Aykol Muratahan , Huck Patrick , Persson Kristin , Vashishta Priya 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHetero-structures made from vertically stacked monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides hold great potential for optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices. Discovery of the optimal layered material for specific applications necessitates the estimation of key material properties, such as electronic band structure and thermal transport coefficients. However, screening of material properties via brute force ab initio calculations of the entire material structure space exceeds the limits of current computing resources. Moreover, the functional dependence of material properties on the structures is often complicated, making simplistic statistical procedures for prediction difficult to employ without large amounts of data collection. Here, we present a Gaussian process regression model, which predicts material properties of an input hetero-structure, as well as an active learning model based on Bayesian optimization, which can efficiently discover the optimal hetero-structure using a minimal number of ab initio calculations. The electronic band gap, conduction/valence band dispersions, and thermoelectric performance are used as representative material properties for prediction and optimization. The Materials Project platform is used for electronic structure computation, while the BoltzTraP code is used to compute thermoelectric properties. Bayesian optimization is shown to significantly reduce the computational cost of discovering the optimal structure when compared with finding an optimal structure by building a regression model to predict material properties. The models can be used for predictions with respect to any material property and our software, including data preparation code based on the Python Materials Genomics (PyMatGen) library as well as python-based machine learning code, is available open source.
Departure from the Wiedemann–Franz law in WP2 driven by mismatch in T-square resistivity prefactors
Authors: Jaoui Alexandre , Fauqué Benoît , Rischau Carl Willem , Subedi Alaska , Fu Chenguang , Gooth Johannes , Kumar Nitesh , Süß Vicky , Maslov Dmitrii L. , Felser Claudia , Behnia Kamran 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Wiedemann–Franz law establishes a link between heat and charge transport due to electrons in solids. The extent of its validity in the presence of inelastic scattering is a question raised in different contexts. Here we report on a study of the electrical, σ, and thermal, κ, conductivities in WP2 single crystals. The Wiedemann-Franz law holds at 2 K, but a downward deviation rapidly emerges upon warming. At 13 K, there is an exceptionally large mismatch between the Lorenz number and the Sommerfeld value. We show that this is driven by a fivefold discrepancy between the T-square prefactors of electrical and thermal resistivities, both caused by electron–electron scattering. This implies the existence of abundant small-scattering-angle collisions between electrons, due to strong screening. By quantifying the relative frequency of collisions conserving momentum flux, but degrading heat flux, we identify a narrow temperature window where the hierarchy of scattering times may correspond to the hydrodynamic regime.
Raman scattering from the bulk inactive out–of–plane $${{\bf{B}}}_{{\bf{2}}{\bf{g}}}^{{\bf{1}}}$$ mode in few–layer MoTe2
Authors: Grzeszczyk M. , Gołasa K. , Molas M. R. , Nogajewski K. , Zinkiewicz M. , Potemski M. , Wysmołek A. , Babiński A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe report a study of Raman scattering in few-layer MoTe2 focused on high-frequency out-of-plane vibrational modes near 291 cm−1 which are associated with the bulk-inactive $${{\rm{B}}}_{2{\rm{g}}}^{1}$$

B

2
g

1

mode. Our temperature-dependent measurements reveal a double peak structure of the feature related to these modes in the Raman scattering spectra of 4- and 5-layer MoTe2. In accordance with literature data, the doublet’s lower- and higher-energy components are ascribed to the Raman-active A1g/$${{\bf{A}}{\boldsymbol{^{\prime} }}}_{{\bf{1}}}$$

A
′

1

vibrations involving, respectively, only the inner and surface layers. We demonstrate a strong enhancement of the inner mode’s intensity at low temperature for 1.91 eV and 1.96 eV laser light excitation which suggests a resonant character of the Raman scattering processes probed under such conditions. A resonance of the laser light with a singularity of the electronic density of states at the M point of the MoTe2 Brillouin zone is proposed to be responsible for the observed effects.
Space- and time-resolved investigation on diffusion kinetics of human skin following macromolecule delivery by microneedle arrays
Authors: Wei Jonathan C. J. , Haridass Isha N. , Crichton Michael L. , Mohammed Yousuf H. , Meliga Stefano C. , Sanchez Washington Y. , Grice Jeffrey E. , Benson Heather A. E. , Roberts Michael S. , Kendall Mark A. F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicroscale medical devices are being developed for targeted skin delivery of vaccines and the extraction of biomarkers, with the potential to revolutionise healthcare in both developing and developed countries. The effective clinical development of these devices is dependent on understanding the macro-molecular diffusion properties of skin. We hypothesised that diffusion varied according to specific skin layers. Using three different molecular weights of rhodamine dextran (RD) (MW of 70, 500 and 2000 kDa) relevant to the vaccine and therapeutic scales, we deposited molecules to a range of depths (0–300 µm) in ex vivo human skin using the Nanopatch device. We observed significant dissipation of RD as diffusion with 70 and 500 kDa within the 30 min timeframe, which varied with MW and skin layer. Using multiphoton microscopy, image analysis and a Fick’s law analysis with 2D cartesian and axisymmetric cylindrical coordinates, we reported experimental trends of epidermal and dermal diffusivity values ranging from 1–8 µm2 s−1 to 1–20 µm2 s−1 respectively, with a significant decrease in the dermal-epidermal junction of 0.7–3 µm2 s−1. In breaching the stratum corneum (SC) and dermal-epidermal junction barriers, we have demonstrated practical application, delivery and targeting of macromolecules to both epidermal and dermal antigen presenting cells, providing a sound knowledge base for future development of skin-targeting clinical technologies in humans.
Antithrombotic effects and related mechanisms of Salvia deserta Schang root EtOAc extracts
Authors: Kasimu Rena , Wang Xinling , Wang Xiaomei , Hu Junping , Wang Xiaoqing , Mu Yuming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSalvia deserta Schang (SDS) belongs to the same family as Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, one of the antithrombotic Chinese herbal medicines. In our study, EtOAc root extracts were analyzed for their effects on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation in rabbits and FeCl3-induced rat common carotid artery thrombosis as well as on rat blood plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1α), antithrombin-III (AT-III), protein C (PC), plasminogen (PLG), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). EtOAc extracts from SDS roots had significant inhibitory effects on ADP-induced maximum platelet aggregation rate (10.2 ± 2.6 vs control 35.7 ± 5.2; P < 0.05), reduced the FeCl3-induced rat common carotid artery thrombus weight and thrombus area ratio (P < 0.05), significantly decreased plasma TXB2, vWF and PAI-1 levels and increased 6-keto-PGF1α and t-PA levels in a dose dependent manner (all P < 0.05). Thus, the ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the ratio of t-PA/PAI-1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05). In addition, enhanced AT-III and PC activities indicated coagulation inactivation effects of EtOAc SDS root extracts. EtOAc extraction from SDS showed antithrombotic effects, which are likely due to platelet adhesion and aggregation inhibition as well as anticoagulant activities.
The Development of a Preference for Procedural Justice for Self and Others
Authors: Dunham Yarrow , Durkin Allison , Tyler Tom R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAdults prefer fair processes (“procedural justice”) over equal outcomes (“distributive justice”). This preference impacts their judgments of others in addition to their willingness to cooperate, raising questions about whether similar preferences drive judgments and behavior in children. The present study examines the development of this preference for procedural justice by testing children’s attitudes towards procedural justice using a resource allocation task in both first- and third-party contexts, and in contexts in which the procedurally just process does versus does not create distributional injustice. Results from children 4 to 8 years of age demonstrate that children robustly attend to and prefer procedural justice over distributive justice. However, younger children are less likely to prefer methods that are procedurally just or that create distributively just outcomes in first-party contexts, when distributive injustice might favor them. Results suggest an interplay between abstract justice concerns and the emerging ability to override selfishness.
Bioluminescent reporter assay for monitoring ER stress in human beta cells
Authors: Kracht Maria J. L. , de Koning Eelco J. P. , Hoeben Rob C. , Roep Bart O. , Zaldumbide Arnaud 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDuring type 1 diabetes development, cells in the islets of Langerhans engage adaptive mechanisms in response to inflammatory signals to cope with stress, to restore cellular homeostasis, and to preserve cell function. Disruption of these mechanisms may induce the formation of a repertoire of stress-induced neoantigens, which are critical in the loss of tolerance to beta cells and the development of autoimmunity. While multiple lines of evidence argue for a critical role of the endoplasmic reticulum in these processes, the lack of tools to specifically monitor beta cell stress hampers the development of therapeutic interventions focusing on maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Here we designed and evaluated a stress-induced reporter in which induction of stress correlates with increased light emission. This Gaussia luciferase-based reporter system employs the unconventional cytoplasmic splicing of XBP1 to report ER stress in cells exposed to known ER-stress inducers. Linking this reporter to a human beta cell-specific promotor allows tracing ER-stress in isolated human beta cells as well as in the EndoC-βH1 cell line. This reporter system represents a valuable tool to assess ER stress in human beta cells and may aid the identification of novel therapeutics that can prevent beta cell stress in human pancreatic islets.
Extreme climatic events down-regulate the grassland biomass response to elevated carbon dioxide
Authors: Yuan Naiming , Moser Gerald , Mueller Christoph , Obermeier Wolfgang A. , Bendix Joerg , Luterbacher Jürg 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystems are considered as carbon sinks that may mitigate the impacts of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]). However, it is not clear what their carbon sink capacity will be under extreme climatic conditions. In this study, we used long-term (1998–2013) data from a C3 grassland Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment in Germany to study the combined effects of elevated [CO2] and extreme climatic events (ECEs) on aboveground biomass production. CO2 fertilization effect (CFE), which represents the promoted plant photosynthesis and water use efficiency under higher [CO2], was quantiffied by calculating the relative differences in biomass between the plots with [CO2] enrichment and the plots with ambient [CO2]. Down-regulated CFEs were found when ECEs occurred during the growing season, and the CFE decreases were statistically significant with p well below 0.05 (t-test). Of all the observed ECEs, the strongest CFE decreases were associated with intensive and prolonged heat waves. These findings suggest that more frequent ECEs in the future are likely to restrict the mitigatory effects of C3 grassland ecosystems, leading to an accelerated warming trend. To reduce the uncertainties of future projections, the atmosphere-vegetation interactions, especially the ECEs effects, are emphasized and need to be better accounted.
Guiding interoperable electronic health records through patient-sharing networks
Authors: Clarke Jonathan M. , Warren Leigh R. , Arora Sonal , Barahona Mauricio , Darzi Ara W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEffective sharing of clinical information between care providers is a critical component of a safe, efficient health system. National data-sharing systems may be costly, politically contentious and do not reflect local patterns of care delivery. This study examines hospital attendances in England from 2013 to 2015 to identify instances of patient sharing between hospitals. Of 19.6 million patients receiving care from 155 hospital care providers, 130 million presentations were identified. On 14.7 million occasions (12%), patients attended a different hospital to the one they attended on their previous interaction. A network of hospitals was constructed based on the frequency of patient sharing between hospitals which was partitioned using the Louvain algorithm into ten distinct data-sharing communities, improving the continuity of data sharing in such instances from 0 to 65–95%. Locally implemented data-sharing communities of hospitals may achieve effective accessibility of clinical information without a large-scale national interoperable information system.
Polysome profiling followed by RNA-seq of cardiac differentiation stages in hESCs
Authors: Pereira Isabela Tiemy , Spangenberg Lucia , Robert Anny Waloski , Amorín Rocío , Stimamiglio Marco Augusto , Naya Hugo , Dallagiovanna Bruno 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe regulation of gene expression acts at numerous complementary levels to control and refine protein abundance. The analysis of mRNAs associated with polysomes, called polysome profiling, has been used to investigate the post-transcriptional mechanisms that are involved in different biological processes. Pluripotent stem cells are able to differentiate into a variety of cell lineages, and the cell commitment progression is carefully orchestrated. Genome-wide expression profiling has provided the possibility to investigate transcriptional changes during cardiomyogenesis; however, a more accurate study regarding post-transcriptional regulation is required. In the present work, we isolated and high-throughput sequenced ribosome-free and polysome-bound RNAs from NKX2-5eGFP/w HES3 undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells at the subsequent differentiation stages of cardiomyogenesis: embryoid body aggregation, mesoderm, cardiac progenitor and cardiomyocyte. The expression of developmental markers was followed by flow cytometry, and quality analyses were performed as technical controls to ensure high quality data. Our dataset provides valuable information about hESC cardiac differentiation and can be used to investigate genes potentially controlled by post-transcriptional mechanisms.