bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life in Partners of Young and Old Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Cohee Andrea A. , Bigatti Silvia M. , Shields Cleveland G. , Johns Shelley A. , Stump Timothy , Monahan Patrick O. , Champion Victoria L. 
Published: March 2018

Background
Partners of breast cancer survivors experience the effects of a spouse’s cancer years after treatment. Partners of younger survivors (YPs) may experience greater problems than partners of older survivors (OPs), just as younger survivors experience greater problems than their older counterparts.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to (1) compare quality of life (QoL) in YPs and OPs and (2) determine contributing factors to each group’s QoL.

Methods
Cross-sectional data were collected from YPs (n = 227) and OPs (n = 281) through self-report. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine differences between YPs and OPs on QoL while controlling for covariates. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine what contributes to each group’s QoL.

Results
Partners of younger survivors reported better physical function (effect size [ES], −0.57), lower marital satisfaction (ES, 0.39), and lower overall QoL (ES, 0.43) than OPs. Predictors of QoL also differed between partner groups. For YPs, overall QoL was predicted by greater physical functioning, fewer depressive symptoms, higher marital satisfaction, higher parenting satisfaction, and more personal resources (R
2 = 0.47, F
5,195 = 35.05, P < .001). For OPs, overall QoL was predicted by fewer depressive symptoms, higher parenting satisfaction, higher spirituality, and greater social support from the breast cancer survivor spouse (R
2 = 0.33, F
4,244 = 29.80, P < .001).

Conclusion
Partners of older survivors reported greater QoL than YPs. Common factors contributing to QoL between YPs and OPs were fewer depressive symptoms and higher parenting satisfaction.

Implications for Practice
Partners of breast cancer survivors may need support coping with their spouse/partner’s cancer. Partners of younger survivors may require more support than OPs.
Self Efficacy in Depression
Authors: Milanovic Melissa , Ayukawa Emma , Usyatynsky Aleksandra , Holshausen Katherine , Bowie Christopher R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We investigated the discrepancy between competence and real-world performance in major depressive disorder (MDD) for adaptive and interpersonal behaviors, determining whether self-efficacy significantly predicts this discrepancy, after considering depressive symptoms. Forty-two participants (M
age = 37.64, 66.67% female) with MDD were recruited from mental health clinics. Competence, self-efficacy, and real-world functioning were evaluated in adaptive and interpersonal domains; depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory II. Hierarchical regression analysis identified predictors of functional disability and the discrepancy between competence and real-world functioning. Self-efficacy significantly predicted functioning in the adaptive and interpersonal domains over and above depressive symptoms. Interpersonal self-efficacy accounted for significant variance in the discrepancy between interpersonal competence and functioning beyond symptoms. Using a multilevel, multidimensional approach, we provide the first data regarding relationships among competence, functioning, and self-efficacy in MDD. Self-efficacy plays an important role in deployment of functional skills in everyday life for individuals with MDD.
Synthetic Cannabinoid Exposure in Adolescents Presenting for Emergency Care
Authors: Gilley Meghan , Brent Jeffrey , Calello Diane P. , Wax Paul , Finkelstein Yaron ,   Toxicology Investigators Consortium
Published: March 2018

Objective
The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical picture and management of synthetic cannabinoid exposure in a cohort of adolescents.

Methods
Using the 45 participating sites of the Toxicology Investigators Consortium Registry, a North American database, we conducted an observational study of a prospectively collected cohort. We identified all adolescent (12–19 years) cases of synthetic cannabinoid exposure who have received medical toxicology consultation between January 2012 and December 2016. Clinical and demographic data were collected including age, sex, circumstances surrounding exposure, coingestants, clinical manifestations, treatment, disposition, and outcome.

Results
We identified 75 adolescents who presented to the emergency department with synthetic cannabinoid exposure. Most were male (91%) and between the ages of 16 and 19 (66%). The most common symptoms were neuropsychiatric with 50 adolescents (67%) exhibiting central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. There was no predominant toxidrome, and 9 patients (12%) were mechanically ventilated. Mainstay of treatment was supportive care. No deaths were reported.

Conclusions
Synthetic cannabinoid exposure in adolescents is primarily characterized by CNS manifestations, which are varied and may be life-threatening. Frontline caregivers should maintain a high index of suspicion for synthetic cannabinoids, especially in adolescents who present with unexplained CNS manifestations, as there is no specific toxidrome or confirmatory rapid drug screen to detect them.
Assessment of Emergency Department Antibiotic Discharge Prescription Dosing Errors for Pediatric Patients in a Community Hospital Health System
Authors: Barstow Linda , Herman Erika , Phillips Heidi , Maloney Patrick 
Published: March 2018

Objectives
We quantify and describe emergency department antibiotic discharge prescription dosing errors for pediatric patients in a community hospital health system.

Methods
This was a retrospective chart review evaluating emergency department discharge prescriptions written between July 1, 2014, and June 30, 2015. Pediatric patients who received a prescription for an oral antibiotic were included in error analysis if they had a weight updated in the electronic medical record during the encounter. We used a predefined threshold of +10% variance from the recommended dose to quantify error. Prescriber, environmental, and antibiotic specific data were also collected to identify variables associated with high incidence of error.

Results
Among the 1934 prescriptions included in our error analysis, we detected 776 (40%) dosing errors. Of the prescriptions reviewed, 288 (15%) contained an overdosing error and 488 (25%) contained an underdosing error. There were 208 underdosing errors written for amoxicillin to treat acute otitis media. These errors represented 43% of the total underdosing errors and had a greater magnitude of variance from the recommended dose compared with overall underdosing errors.

Conclusions
Underdosing of amoxicillin in acute otitis media was a dosing error that occurred frequently throughout our community health system. Further research is needed to identify the clinical impact these errors have on pediatric patients.
Multiple Myeloma Presenting as a Superscan on 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT
Authors: Pan Qingqing , Luo Yaping , Cao Xinxin , Ma Yanru , Li Fang 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A 60-year-old woman diagnosed with multiple myeloma was referred for 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT for evaluation of the disease. Diffuse and intense radioactivity throughout the axial and proximal appendicular skeleton was noted on PET/CT images, suggestive of extensive involvement of multiple myeloma.
Postoperative Complications Associated With Different Fixation Methods of Isolated Mandibular Angle Fractures
Authors: Ferreira e Costa Rafael , Oliveira Marina Reis , Gabrielli Marisa Aparecida Cabrini , Pereira-Filho Valfrido Antônio , Vieira Eduardo Hochuli 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to review the medical records of patients with a history of mandibular angle fracture who were attended at the Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology of FOAr/UNESP in the last 5 years. The data collected were subjected to chi-squared test (significance level of 5%). The authors reviewed 19 medical records. The main cause was physical aggression (58.00%), but with no statistical difference in relation to the other etiologies (P > 0.05). Regarding the type of fixation, one 2.0-mm system plate associated with one 2.4-mm system plate and the fixation using only two 2.0-mm system plates were used in 7 patients each. The fixation method with a monocortical plate at the upper border was used in 5 patients. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of complications among the 3 fixation methods used (P > 0.05). In 52.64% of the patients, the third molar was removed intraoperatively. Despite this, there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of complications when the third molar was in the fracture line or when it was removed postoperatively (P > 0.05). The complications observed were dehiscence associated with pain (44.44%), trismus (22.22%), infection (22.22%), and presence of bone spicules (11.11%). However, no statistical differences were observed between the frequency of different types of complications (P = 0.779). In the sample studied, there were no differences in the frequency of complications among the fixation methods applied.
Studying the association complex formation of atomoxetine and fluvoxamine with eosin Y and its application in their fluorimetric determination
Authors: Derayea Sayed M. , Omar Mahmoud A. , Abu-hassan Ahmed A. 
Published: March 2018

A simple, sensitive and non-extractive spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for the determination of two psychoanaleptic drugs, atomoxetine and fluvoxamine, in pure forms and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The proposed method is based on the formation of binary complexes between eosin Y and the studied drugs in the presence of a Teorell–Stenhagen buffer. The quenching of the native fluorescence of eosin Y due to complex formation with the studied drugs was measured spectrofluorimetrically at 545 nm after excitation at 302 nm. At the optimum reaction conditions, the fluorescence quenching values (Δ
F
) and concentrations were rectilinear over the concentration ranges of 0.2–2.2 and 0.3–2.2 µg ml
−1
for atomoxetine and fluvoxamine, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations with average percentage recoveries of 100.13 ± 0.66 and 99.69 ± 0.44 for atomoxetine and fluvoxamine, respectively (
n
= 5), without interference from common excipients.
Rewilding the world's large carnivores
Authors: Wolf Christopher , Ripple William J. 
Published: March 2018

Earth's terrestrial large carnivores form a highly endangered group of species with unique conservation challenges. The majority of these species have experienced major geographical range contractions, which puts many of them at high risk of extinction or of becoming ecologically ineffective. As a result of these range contractions and the associated loss of intact predator guilds, the ecological effects of these species are now far less widespread and common, with inevitable consequences for ecosystem function. Rewilding—which includes reintroducing species into portions of their former ranges—is an important carnivore conservation tool and means for restoring top-down ecological regulation. We conducted a global analysis of potential reintroduction areas. We first considered protected areas where one or more large carnivore species have been extirpated, identifying a total of 130 protected areas that may be most suitable for carnivore reintroduction. These protected areas include sites in every major world region, and are most commonly found in Mongolia (
n
= 13), Canada (
n
= 11), Thailand (
n
= 9), Namibia (
n
= 6), Indonesia (
n
= 6) and Australia (
n
= 6). We considered the sizes of protected areas, their levels of protection, the extent of human impacts within and around the protected areas, and the status of prey species in the protected areas. Finally, we used the ‘last of the wild’ approach to identify contiguous low human footprint regions within the former ranges of each species, identifying an additional 150 areas which could be the focus of conservation efforts to create conditions conducive to reintroductions. These low footprint regions were most commonly found in the USA (
n
= 14), Russia (
n
= 14), Canada (
n
= 10), China (
n
= 9) and Mauritania (
n
= 8). Together, our results show the global-scale potential for carnivore rewilding projects to both conserve these species and provide critical ecological and social benefits.
Cryopreservation of human mucosal tissues
Authors: Hughes Sean M. , Ferre April L. , Yandura Sarah E. , Shetler Cory , Baker Chris A. R. , Calienes Fernanda , Levy Claire N. , Astronomo Rena D. , Shu Zhiquan , Lentz Gretchen M. , Fialkow Michael , Kirby Anna C. , Juliana McElrath M. , Sinclair Elizabeth , Rohan Lisa C. , Anderson Peter L. , Shacklett Barbara L. , Dezzutti Charlene S. , Gao Dayong , Hladik Florian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCryopreservation of leukocytes isolated from the cervicovaginal and colorectal mucosa is useful for the study of cellular immunity (see Hughes SM et al. PLOS ONE 2016). However, some questions about mucosal biology and sexually transmitted infections are better addressed with intact mucosal tissue, for which there is no standard cryopreservation protocol.METHODS AND FINDINGSTo find an optimal preservation protocol for mucosal tissues, we tested slow cooling (1%C/min) with 10% dimethylsulfoxide (designated “cryopreservation”) and fast cooling (plunge in liquid nitrogen) with 20% dimethylsulfoxide and 20% ethylene glycol (“vitrification”). We compared fresh and preserved human cervicovaginal and colorectal tissues in a range of assays, including metabolic activity, human immunodeficiency virus infection, cell phenotype, tissue structure by hematoxylin-and-eosin staining, cell number and viability, production of cytokines, and microbicide drug concentrations. Metabolic activity, HIV infectability, and tissue structure were similar in cryopreserved and vitrified vaginal tissues. However, vitrification led to poor cell recovery from the colorectal mucosa, with 90% fewer cells recovered after isolation from vitrified colorectal tissues than from cryopreserved. HIV infection rates were similar for fresh and cryopreserved ectocervical tissues, whereas cryopreserved colorectal tissues were less easily infected than fresh tissues (hazard ratio 0.7 [95% confidence interval 0.4, 1.2]). Finally, we compared isolation of cells before and after cryopreservation. Cell recoveries were higher when cells were isolated after freezing and thawing (71% [59-84%]) than before (50% [38-62%]). Cellular function was similar to fresh tissue in both cases. Microbicide drug concentrations were lower in cryopreserved explants compared to fresh ones.CONCLUSIONSCryopreservation of intact cervicovaginal and colorectal tissues with dimethylsulfoxide works well in a range of assays, while the utility of vitrification is more limited. Cell yields are higher from cryopreserved intact tissue pieces than from thawed cryopreserved single cell suspensions isolated before freezing, but T cell functions are similar.
A combinatorial lipid code shapes the electrostatic landscape of plant endomembranes
Authors: Platre Matthieu Pierre , Doumane Mehdi , Bayle Vincent , Simon Mathilde Laetitia Audrey , Maneta-Peyret Lilly , Fouillen Laetitia , Stanislas Thomas , Armengot Laia , Pejchar Přemysl , Caillaud Marie-Cécile , Potocký Martin , Čopič Alenka , Moreau Patrick , Jaillais Yvon 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMembrane surface charge is critical for the transient, yet specific recruitment of proteins with polybasic regions to certain organelles. In all eukaryotes, the plasma membrane (PM) is the most electronegative compartment of the cell, which specifies its identity. As such, membrane electrostatics is a central parameter in signaling, intracellular trafficking and polarity. Here, we explore which are the lipids that control membrane electrostatics using plants as a model. We show that phosphatidic acidic (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) are separately required to generate the electrostatic signature of the plant PM. In addition, we reveal the existence of an electrostatic territory that is organized as a gradient along the endocytic pathway and is controlled by PS/PI4P combination. Altogether, we propose that combinatorial lipid composition of the cytosolic leaflet of cellular organelles not only defines the plant electrostatic territory but also distinguishes different compartments within this territory by specifying their varying surface charges.
Flexible top-down modulation in human ventral temporal cortex
Authors: Zhang Ruyuan , Kay Kendrick 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTVisual neuroscientists have long characterized attention as inducing a scaling or additive effect on fixed parametric functions describing neural responses (e.g., contrast response functions). Here, we instead propose that top-down effects are more complex and manifest in ways that depend not only on attention but also other cognitive processes involved in executing a task. To substantiate this theory, we analyze fMRI responses in human ventral temporal cortex (VTC) in a study where stimulus eccentricity and cognitive task are varied. We find that as stimuli are presented farther into the periphery, bottom-up stimulus-driven responses decline but top-down attentional enhancement increases substantially. This disproportionate enhancement of weak responses cannot be easily explained by conventional models of attention. Furthermore, we find that attentional effects depend on the specific cognitive task performed by the subject, indicating the influence of additional cognitive processes other than attention (e.g., decision-making). The effects we observe replicate in an independent experiment from the same study, and also generalize to a separate study involving different stimulus manipulations (contrast and phase coherence). Our results suggest that a quantitative understanding of top-down modulation requires more nuanced and more precise characterization of multiple cognitive factors involved in completing a perceptual task.
Changes in Acceptance of Evolution and Associated Factors during a Year of Introductory Biology: The Shifting Impacts of Biology Knowledge, Politics, Religion, Demographics, and Understandings of the Nature of Science
Authors: Dunk Ryan D.P. , Wiles Jason R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent research has identified many factors influencing student acceptance of biological evolution, but few of these factors have been measured in a longitudinal context of changing knowledge and acceptance of evolution over a period of instruction. This study investigates factors previously associated with evolution acceptance as well as other potential factors among students over the course of a year-long majors and non-majors introductory biology sequence at a private, research-intensive university in the northeastern United States. Acceptance of evolution was measured using the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution (MATE) instrument, and other factors were measured using well-established instruments and a demographic survey. As expected given the context, evolution was widely accepted among the population (71% of our sample scored in the “high” or “very high” acceptance range), but 160 students were in the very low to moderate acceptance range. Over the course of the academic year, regressions on measures of normalized change revealed that as knowledge of the Nature of Science (NOS) increased, evolution acceptance increased (R2= .378,p<< 0.001). Increasing levels of genetic literacy (R2= .214,p<< 0.001) and Evolutionary Knowledge (R2= .177,p<< 0.001) were also significantly associated with increases in acceptance of evolution. We also examined the longitudinal effect of combining various factors into unified working models of acceptance of evolution, and this is the first study by our knowledge to do so. From fall to spring, the influence of student knowledge of NOS on evolution acceptance increased, as did the influence of genetic literacy. Conversely, the influence of religious variables decreased, as did the influence of political inclinations and race/ethnicity. Our results indicate that as students learn more about the nature of science, they may rely more on scientific explanations for natural phenomena. This study also underscores the importance of using longitudinal, multifactorial analyses to understand acceptance of evolution.
4D imaging reveals stage dependent random and directed cell motion during somite morphogenesis
Authors: McColl James , Mok Gi Fay , Lippert Anna H , Ponjavic Aleks , Muresan Leila , Münsterberg Andrea 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSomites are paired embryonic segments that form in a regular sequence from unsegmented mesoderm during vertebrate development. Of fundamental importance, they are transient structures that generate cell lineages of the musculoskeletal system in the trunk such as cartilage, tendon, bone, endothelial cells and skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, very little is known about the morphological transition and cellular dynamics during somite differentiation. Here, we address this by examining cellular rearrangements and morphogenesis in differentiating somites using live multi photon imaging of GFP-transgenic chick embryos. We specifically focussed on the dynamic changes in two principle regions within the somite (the medial and lateral domains) to investigate extensive morphological changes. Furthermore, by using quantitative analysis and cell tracking, we were able to capture for the first time a progenitor cell bulk movement towards the rostral-medial domain of the myotome, where skeletal muscle formation first initiates.
Parietal representations of stimulus features are amplified during memory retrieval and flexibly aligned with top-down goals
Authors: Favila Serra E. , Samide Rosalie , Sweigart Sarah C. , Kuhl Brice A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn studies of human episodic memory, the phenomenon of reactivation has traditionally been observed in regions of occipitotemporal cortex (OTC) involved in sensory experience. However, reactivation also occurs in lateral parietal cortex (LPC), and recent evidence indicates that reactivation of stimulus-specific information may be stronger in LPC than in OTC. These observations raise a number of questions about the nature of memory representations in LPC and their relation to representations in OTC. Here, we report two fMRI experiments that quantify stimulus feature information (color and object category) within LPC and OTC, separately during perception and memory retrieval, in male and female human subjects. Across both experiments, we show a clear dissociation between OTC and LPC: while feature information in OTC is relatively stronger during perception than memory, feature information in LPC is relatively stronger during memory than perception. Thus, while OTC and LPC represent common stimulus features, they preferentially represent this information during different stages. We show that this transformation of feature information across regions co-occurs with stimulus-level reinstatement within LPC and high-level OTC. In Experiment 2, we consider whether feature information in LPC during memory retrieval is flexibly and dynamically shaped by top-down goals. Indeed, we find that dorsal LPC preferentially represents retrieved feature information that addresses current goals. In contrast, ventral LPC represents retrieved features independent of current goals. Collectively, these findings provide insight into the nature and significance of mnemonic representations in LPC and constitute an important bridge between putative mnemonic and control functions of parietal cortex.