bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Flexibility into Stiffness: Self‐Grown Carbon Nanotubes in Melamine Sponges Enable A Lithium‐Metal‐Anode Capacity of 15 mA h cm−2 Cyclable at 15 mA cm−2
Authors: Xie Jian , Ye Jianglin , Pan Fei , Sun Xuemei , Ni Kun , Yuan Hong , Wang Xiangyang , Shu Na , Chen Chunhua , Zhu Yanwu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough with an extremely high theoretical capacity (3860 mA h g−1), the lithium (Li) metal anodes reported so far typically possess capacities of ≤5 mA h cm−2 and cyclable at currents of ≤5 mA cm−2. In this work, a hierarchal carbon scaffold is designed with the self‐growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in nickel‐decorated melamine sponges via thermal annealing. It is found that the nitrogen‐doped carbon obtained from the melamine sponge, coupled with CNTs, provides an overall strong yet internally flexible host which enables an areal capacity of up to 15 mA h cm−2 cyclable at a charging/discharging current of 15 mA cm−2 as Li metal anodes. Characterizations show that the highly conductive yet uniformly distributed CNTs effectively suppress the local current density, leading to more uniform Li nucleation in Li plating. The flexible CNTs in the stiff scaffold enhance the tolerance to the stress caused by the intrinsic volume variation in Li plating/striping, resulting in the stable cycling performance at high currents. This study provides a potentially scalable and cost‐effective strategy for preparation of high‐performance Li‐metal anodes.
Compact Silicon Waveguide Mode Converter Employing Dielectric Metasurface Structure
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Zhang Yong , He Yu , Zhu Qingming , Sun Lu , Su Yikai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMode converters are key components in on‐chip mode‐division multiplexing systems. A compact silicon waveguide mode converter is proposed and demonstrated using all‐dielectric metasurface structure with a tilted subwavelength periodic perturbation. The proposed waveguide mode converter can be scaled to realize arbitrary waveguide mode conversion. As examples, two waveguide mode converters are experimentally demonstrated on a silicon‐on‐insulator wafer, which can convert the TE0 mode to the TE1 mode and the TE2 mode with coupling lengths of 5.75 and 6.736 µm, respectively. The conversion losses of <1 dB and crosstalk values of <−10 dB are achieved for both the TE0‐to‐TE1 and the TE0‐to‐TE2 mode converters.
Defect‐Rich Soft Carbon Porous Nanosheets for Fast and High‐Capacity Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Yao Xuhui , Ke Yajie , Ren Wenhao , Wang Xuanpeng , Xiong Fangyu , Yang Wei , Qin Mingsheng , Li Qi , Mai Liqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSoft carbon has attracted tremendous attention as an anode in rocking‐chair batteries owing to its exceptional properties including low‐cost, tunable interlayer distance, and favorable electronic conductivity. However, it fails to exhibit decent performance for sodium‐ion storage owing to difficulties in the formation of sodium intercalation compounds. Here, microporous soft carbon nanosheets are developed via a microwave induced exfoliation strategy from a conventional soft carbon compound obtained by pyrolysis of 3,4,9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The micropores and defects at the edges synergistically leads to enhanced kinetics and extra sodium‐ion storage sites, which contribute to the capacity increase from 134 to 232 mAh g−1 and a superior rate capability of 103 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 for sodium‐ion storage. In addition, the capacitance‐dominated sodium‐ion storage mechanism is identified through the kinetics analysis. The in situ X‐ray diffraction analyses are used to reveal that sodium ions intercalate into graphitic layers for the first time. Furthermore, the as‐prepared nanosheets can also function as an outstanding anode for potassium‐ion storage (reversible capacity of 291 mAh g−1) and dual‐ion full cell (cell‐level capacity of 61 mAh g−1 and average working voltage of 4.2 V). These properties represent the potential of soft carbon for achieving high‐energy, high‐rate, and low‐cost energy storage systems.
Super‐Twisting Observer‐Based Integral Sliding Mode Control for Tracking the Rapid Acceleration of a Piston in a Hybrid Electro‐Hydraulic and Pneumatic System
Authors: Hoang Quoc‐Dong , Lee Soon‐Geul , Dugarjav Batsaikhan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA new hybrid electro‐hydraulic and pneumatic actuator system and its dynamic model for high‐performance control are presented. This work focuses on tracking control of rapidly changing acceleration that is an advanced area with various practical applications in industries. The impact motion control of the actuator is one of challenging task due to the system instability during the transition state. Since composite disturbances derived from the inaccurate and unmodeled dynamics considerably reduce the control performance. A novel structure of variable integral sliding mode controls integrated with a sliding mode disturbance observer is proposed based on the super‐twisting algorithm. With the control strategy, not only does the controller overcome the extreme sensitivity of the system during rapid movements, but it also eliminates the internal parameter uncertainties and external load disturbance while tracking rapid gain‐scheduled acceleration. The results of the numerical simulation and field experiment are presented to assess the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Three cases of adjacent segment disease post‐posterior spinal fusion, treated successfully by oblique lateral interbody fusion: A clinical series
Authors: Sakamoto Takuya , Abe Koki , Orita Sumihisa , Inage Kazuhide , Suzuki Miyako , Fujimoto Kazuki , Shiga Yasuhiro , Kanamoto Hirohito , Inoue Masahiro , Kinoshita Hideyuki , Norimoto Masaki , Umimura Tomotaka , Eguchi Yawara , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Ohtori Seiji 
Published: December 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe incidence of spinal fusion surgery and associated adjacent segment disease (ASD) is steadily increasing. We report three cases of ASD after posterior fixation, treated by oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF). All cases had a good postoperative course. Altogether, OLIF surgery may be a viable option for treating ASD.
Adversaries or allies? Privacy and deep learning in big data era
Authors: Liu Bo , Ding Ming , Zhu Tianqing , Xiang Yong , Zhou Wanlei 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDeep learning methods have become the basis of new AI‐based services on the Internet in big data era because of their unprecedented accuracy. Meanwhile, it raises obvious privacy issues. The deep learning–assisted privacy attack can extract sensitive personal information not only from the text but also from unstructured data such as images and videos. In this paper, we proposed a framework to protect image privacy against deep learning tools, along with two new metrics that measure image privacy. Moreover, we propose two different image privacy protection schemes based on the two metrics, utilizing the adversarial example idea. The performance of our solution is validated by simulations on two different datasets. Our research shows that we can protect the image privacy by adding a small amount of noise that has a humanly imperceptible impact on the image quality, especially for images of complex structures and textures.
Genome‐Wide Maps of Transcription Regulatory Elements and Transcription Enhancers in Development and Disease
Authors: Agrawal Puja , Heimbruch Katelyn E. , Rao Sridhar 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTGene expression is regulated by numerous elements including enhancers, insulators, transcription factors, and architectural proteins. Regions of DNA distal to the transcriptional start site, called enhancers, play a central role in the temporal and tissue‐specific regulation of gene expression through RNA polymerase II. The identification of enhancers and othercisregulatory elements has largely been possible due to advances in next generation sequencing technologies. Enhancers regulate gene expression through chromatin loops mediated by architectural proteins such as YY1, CTCF, the cohesin complex, and LDB1. Additionally, enhancers can be transcribed to produce noncoding RNAs termed enhancer RNAs that likely participate in transcriptional regulation. The central role of enhancers in regulating gene expression implicates them in both normal physiology but also many disease states. The importance of enhancers is evident by the suggested role of SNPs, duplications, and other alterations of enhancer function in many diseases, ranging from cancer to atherosclerosis to chronic kidney disease. Although much progress has been made in recent years, the field of enhancer biology and our knowledge of thecisregulome remains a work in progress. This review will highlight recent seminal studies which demonstrate the role of enhancers in normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:439‐455, 2019.
Pt–Co Alloy Nanoparticles on a γ‐Al2O3 Support: Synergistic Effect between Isolated Electron‐Rich Pt and Co for Automotive Exhaust Purification
Authors: Sato Katsutoshi , Ito Ayano , Tomonaga Hiroyuki , Kanematsu Homare , Wada Yuichiro , Asakura Hiroyuki , Hosokawa Saburo , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Toriyama Takaaki , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Matsumura Syo , Nagaoka Katsutoshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is interest in minimizing or eliminating the use of Pt in catalysts by replacing it with more widely abundant and cost‐effective elements. The alloying of Pt with non‐noble metals is a potential strategy for reducing Pt use because interactions between Pt and non‐noble metals can modify the catalyst structure and electronic properties. Here, a γ‐Al2O3‐supported bimetallic catalyst [Pt(0.1)Co(1)/Al2O3] was prepared which contained 0.1 wt % Pt and 1 wt % Co and thus featured an extremely low Pt : Co ratio (<1 : 30 mol/mol). The Pt and Co in this catalyst formed alloy nanoparticles in which isolated electron‐rich Pt atoms were present on the nanoparticle surface. The activity of this Pt(0.1)Co(1)/Al2O3 catalyst for the purification of automotive exhaust was comparable to the activities of 0.3 and 0.5 wt % Pt/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts. Electron‐rich Pt and metallic Co promoted activation of NOx and oxidization of CO and hydrocarbons, respectively. This strategy of tuning the surrounding structure and electronic state of a noble metal by alloying it with an excess of a non‐noble metal will enable reduced noble metal use in catalysts for exhaust purification and other environmentally important reactions.
An integrated enrichment system to facilitate isolation and molecular characterization of single cancer cells from whole blood
Authors: Yu Liping , Sa Silin , Wang Ling , Dulmage Keely , Bhagwat Neha , Yee Stephanie S. , Sen Moen , Pletcher Charles H. , Moore Jonni S. , Saksena Suraj , Dixon Eric P. , Carpenter Erica L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) carry valuable biological information. While enumeration of CTCs in peripheral blood is an FDA‐approved prognostic indicator of survival in metastatic prostate and other cancers, analysis of CTC phenotypic and genomic markers is needed to identify cancer origin and elucidate pathways that can guide therapeutic selection for personalized medicine. Given the emergence of single‐cell mRNA sequencing technologies, a method is needed to isolate CTCs with high sensitivity and specificity as well as compatibility with downstream genomic analysis. Flow cytometry is a powerful tool to analyze and sort single cells, but pre‐enrichment is required prior to flow sorting for efficient isolation of CTCs due to the extreme low frequency of CTCs in blood (one in billions of blood cells). While current enrichment technologies often require many steps and result in poor recovery, we demonstrate a magnetic separator and acoustic microfluidic focusing chip integrated system that enriches rare cells in‐line with FACS™ (fluorescent activated cell sorting) and single‐cell sequencing. This system analyzes, isolates, and index sorts single cells directly into 96‐well plates containing reagents for Molecular Indexing (MI) and transcriptional profiling of single cells. With an optimized workflow using the integrated enrichment‐FACS system, we performed a proof‐of‐concept experiment with spiked prostate cancer cells in peripheral blood and achieved: (i) a rapid one‐step process to isolate rare cancer cells from lysed whole blood; (ii) an average of 92% post‐enrichment cancer cell recovery (R2 = 0.9998) as compared with 55% recovery for a traditional benchtop workflow; and (iii) detection of differentially expressed genes at a single cell level that are consistent with reported cell‐type dependent expression signatures for prostate cancer cells. These model system results lay the groundwork for applying our approach to human blood samples from prostate and other cancer patients, and support the enrichment‐FACS system as a flexible solution for isolation and characterization of CTCs for cancer diagnosis. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Strategies in scheduling marine protected area establishment in a network system
Authors: Kininmonth Stuart , Weeks Rebecca , Abesamis Rene A. , Bernardo Lawrence Patrick C. , Beger Maria , Treml Eric A. , Williamson David , Pressey Robert L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInstantaneous implementation of systematic conservation plans at regional scales is rare. More typically, planned actions are applied incrementally over periods of years or decades. During protracted implementation, the character of the connected ecological system will change as a function of external anthropogenic pressures, local metapopulation processes, and environmental fluctuations. For heavily exploited systems, habitat quality will deteriorate as the plan is implemented, potentially influencing the schedule of protected area implementation necessary to achieve conservation objectives. Understanding the best strategy to adopt for applying management within a connected environment is desirable, especially given limited conservation resources. Here, we model the sequential application of no‐take marine protected areas (MPAs) in the central Philippines within a metapopulation framework, using a range of network‐based decision rules. The model was based on selecting 33 sites for protection from 101 possible sites over a 35‐yr period. The graph‐theoretic network criteria to select sites for protection included PageRank, maximum degree, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, minimum degree, random, and historical events. We also included a dynamic strategy called colonization–extinction rate that was updated every year based on the changing capacity of each site to produce and absorb larvae. Each rule was evaluated in the context of achieving the maximum metapopulation mean lifetime at the conclusion of the implementation phase. MPAs were designated through the alteration of the extinction risk parameter. The highest ranked criteria were PageRank while the actual implementation from historical records ranked lowest. Our results indicate that protecting the sites ranked highest with regard to larval supply is likely to yield the highest benefit for fish abundance and fish metapopulation persistence. Model results highlighted the benefits of including network processes in conservation planning.
Design and Performance Investigation of a Carbon‐Free Pt/Ti Cathode with Low Membrane Degradation Rate for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyser
Authors: Shi Yan , Guo Lili , Lu Zhuoxin , Wang Zhida , Gan Yuan , Guo Changqing , Tan Hongyi , Yan Changfeng 
Published: December 2018

In a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyser, Pt‐coated porous titanium plate always acts as the current collector both in the anode and cathode. However, the Pt particles on the Ti current collector cannot take part in the electrochemical reactions and thus lead to a lower utilization of the noble metal. In this work, the Pt‐coated Ti current collector is directly used as the cathode in the PEM water electrolyser instead of the conventional Pt/C electrode. To improve the performance, Nafion ionomer is coated on the Pt/Ti electrode to enlarge the electrochemical surface area (ECSA); the ECSA of the Pt/Ti electrode is increased by six times, and the utilization of Pt can be elevated to 45%. The voltage of the electrolyser with the Pt/Ti electrode is only 31 mV higher than the conventional Pt/C catalyst layer at 1 A cm−2. After stability tests, an obvious membrane thinning is observed using Pt/C as the cathode while the membrane of the electrolyser with the ionomer‐coated Pt/Ti cathode does not show a significant change in thickness. The F ion emission rate shows the membrane degradation rate is reduced by 15 times compared with the conventional Pt/C cathode.
Renewable energy analysis in the agriculture–greenhouse farms: A case study in the mediterranean region (sidi bel abbes, algeria)
Authors: Mostefaoui Z. , Amara S. 
Published: December 2018

Greenhouse cultivation is an essential activity for the development of the agricultural sector, and most of the energy consumption is in the agricultural industry. The increase in fossil fuels cost and their negative effects on the environment, limit the use of heating/cooling and irrigation applications.Renewable energy is an alternative solution for water pumping and irrigation of isolated and arid regions. This article analyzes the heating/cooling and irrigation requirements of a pilot greenhouse and provides two solutions by combining thermal energy storage with phase change material as well as photovoltaic systems for cooling and irrigation.Results have shown that monthly heating and cooling demands were at 2.25 kW and 2 kW, respectively. Monthly water consumption varies between 3.5 m3 and 38 m3 for the three sample products such as tomato, muskmelon, and watermelon. The technologies proposed can fully satisfy these heating/cooling and water requirements.Furthermore, an economic analysis for this technology has been carried out in contrast to a diesel system. The results obtained indicate that the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of a photovoltaic system is acceptable when compared with the diesel system, where LCOEPV = 0.068$/kWh and LCOEDiesel = 0.230$/kWh. Taking into account that the water price for a PV system amounts to 1.48$ whereas the cost for a diesel system is at 2.68$, the former can be declared more economically feasible. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13029, 2019
Postoperative volumetric modulated arc therapy for sinonasal cancer: Improved survival compared with 3D conformal radiation therapy
Authors: Frederic‐Moreau Thomas , Piram Lucie , Bellini Romain , Martin Fanny , Miroir Jessica , Saroul Nicolas , Pham Dang Nathalie , Lapeyre Michel , Biau Julian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundProspective evaluation of the results of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for sinonasal cancer compared to 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT).Materials and MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 34 patients (pts) treated with postoperative VMAT with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB; RapidArc) from 2011 to 2015. These pts were retrospectively compared with 24 pts treated with 3DCRT from 2003 to 2011. The two sets were not significantly different on sex, mean age, tumor site, stage, histology. Efficacy and toxicity were evaluated.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 45 months (range: 6‐143 months). Three‐year overall survival was 85.2% in VMAT‐SIB versus 65.2% in 3DCRT (P = .02). Three‐year local control was 81.2% in VMAT‐SIB versus 62.5% in 3DCRT (P = .04). There was a reduction of acute (<0.09) and late (0.03) ocular toxicity of grade ≥ 2 for pts with VMAT‐SIB.ConclusionVMAT significantly improved local control and overall survival in sinonasal cancer with lower rate of toxicity.
Prognostic value of textural indices extracted from pretherapeutic 18‐F FDG‐PET/CT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Guezennec Catherine , Robin Philippe , Orlhac Fanny , Bourhis David , Delcroix Olivier , Gobel Yves , Rousset Jean , Schick Ulrike , Salaün Pierre‐Yves , Abgral Ronan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed at assessing the prognostic value of textural indices extracted from 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron‐emission tomography (FDG‐PET)/CT in a large cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) of any anatomic subsite and staging.MethodsConsecutive patients with HNSCC referred for a pretreatment FDG‐PET/CT were retrospectively included and followed up for a minimum of 2 years. Standardized uptake value, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and textural indices were calculated using LIFEx software. Prognostic significance of parameters was assessed in univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsTextural indices were extracted in 284 patients (mean age = 63.7±9.6 years). In univariate analysis, MTV and 4 textural indices—Correlation, Entropy, Energy, and Coarseness—were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS). In multivariate analysis, MTV (P = .008) and Correlation (P = .028) remained independently correlated to OS.ConclusionThis study showed that MTV and 1 textural index extracted from pretherapeutic FDG‐PET/CT (Correlation) were independent prognostic factors of OS in patients with HNSCC.
Impact of tumor budding in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Yue , Liu Haichao , Xie Nan , Liu Xiqiang , Huang Hongzhang , Wang Cheng , Hou Jinsong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTumor budding (TB) has been suggested as an adverse prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This meta‐analysis evaluated the prognostic role of TB in HNSCC. We systematically reviewed the literatures of electronic databases and performed a meta‐analysis to address the impact of TB on prognosis in HNSCC. Published data were extracted and organized. Then, pooled odds ratios for lymph node metastasis (LNM) and hazard ratios for survival were calculated by using the Mantel‐Haenszel fixed effect model. The results showed that high TB was significantly associated with LNM and worse survival in patients with HNSCC. Moreover, high TB was also correlated with poor prognosis in patients with cT1‐2N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma. TB is a promising prognostic factor associated with LNM and worse survival, which should be included in the routine pathological examination of HNSCC.