bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of fiscal stress labels on student achievement and achievement gaps
Authors: Thompson Paul N. , Khan Muhammad Aatir 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper considers the effects of Ohio fiscal stress labels on student achievement and achievement gaps. We estimate data on math and English Language Arts achievement and achievement gaps in school districts from 2009 to 2018. Two‐way fixed effects estimates indicate that student achievement declines by between 0.038 and 0.048 standard deviations when their schools receive a fiscal stress label designation, although these effects become insignificant when using stacked differences‐in‐differences. We find that fiscal stress label receipt leads to a statistically significant closing of the White–Black achievement gap, but find more negligible changes in the achievement gaps across gender and socioeconomic groups.
Mouse Tail‐Skin Dissociation and Preparation of Live Single‐Cell Suspension for Downstream Analysis of Melanocytes
Authors: Chelakkot Vipin Shankar , Thomas Kiara , Hussein Leen , Romigh Todd , Ni Ying , Arbesman Joshua 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIsolating high‐quality viable single cells from mouse tail skin, a well‐established model for studying skin cells and melanoma pathogenesis, is challenging due to the presence of dense connective tissue and hair follicles. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is a powerful tool for studying skin cell heterogeneity. However, the lack of a robust protocol for the efficient generation of highly viable single‐cell suspension from mouse tail skin has limited its application for studying melanocyte‐interacting cells and characterizing the melanocyte niche. We developed a robust protocol for generating highly viable single‐cell suspensions from mouse tail skin, facilitating single‐cell transcriptomic profiling of keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. We demonstrate the successful isolation of melanocytes and other melanocyte‐interacting cells using our protocol and a proof‐of‐concept scRNA‐seq study for interrogating the melanocyte niche. Our protocol employs a two‐stage enzyme dissociation step, followed by debris removal and subsequent live cell enrichment, to obtain a single‐cell suspension with high cell viability. This straightforward protocol enables the isolation of viable single cells from mouse tail skin for downstream scRNA‐seq studies. Further, this approach allows comprehensive analysis of the melanocyte niche and melanocyte‐interacting cells, potentially aiding in identifying the melanoma cell of origin.
Sputum metagenomics reveals a multidrug resistant Pseudomonas‐dominant severe asthma phenotype in an Asian population
Authors: Ivan Fransiskus Xaverius , Tiew Pei Yee , Jaggi Tavleen Kaur , Thng Kai Xian , Pang Pee Hwee , Ong Thun How , Abisheganaden John Arputhan , Koh Mariko Siyue , Chotirmall Sanjay H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWhile the lung microbiome in severe asthma has been studied, work has employed targeted amplicon‐based sequencing approaches without functional assessment with none focused on multi‐ethnic Asian populations. Here we investigate the clinical relevance of microbial phenotypes of severe asthma in Asians using metagenomics.MethodsProspective assessment of clinical, radiological, and immunological measures were performed in a multi‐ethnic Asian severe asthma cohort (N = 70) recruited across two centres in Singapore. Sputum was subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing and patients followed up for a 2‐year period. Metagenomic assessment of sputum microbiomes, resistomes and virulomes were related to clinical outcomes.ResultsThe lung microbiome in a multi‐ethnic Asian cohort with severe asthma demonstrates an increased abundance of Pseudomonas species. Unsupervised clustering of sputum metagenomes identified two patient clusters: C1 (n = 52) characterized by upper airway commensals and C2 (n = 18) dominated by established respiratory pathogens including M. catarrhalis, S. aureus and most significantly P. aeruginosa. C2 patients demonstrated a significantly increased exacerbation frequency on 2‐year follow up and an antimicrobial resistome characterized by multidrug resistance. Virulomes appear indistinguishable between severe asthmatics with or without co‐existing bronchiectasis, and C2 patients exhibit increased gene expression related to biofilm formation, effector delivery systems and microbial motility. Independent comparison of the C2 cluster to a non‐asthmatic bronchiectasis cohort demonstrates analogous airway microbial virulence patterns.ConclusionSputum metagenomics demonstrates a multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas‐dominant severe asthma phenotype in Asians, characterized by poor clinical outcome including increased exacerbations which is independent of co‐existing bronchiectasis.
Foreign English teachers’ intercultural reactions to China's “Double Reduction” policy
Authors: Curran Nate Ming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Chinese government's 2021 “Double Reduction” policy decimated the online language tutoring industry. Beyond erasing billions of dollars of value, hundreds of thousands of foreign‐based online English teachers lost their jobs as a result of the policy. This article examines online English teachers’ responses to the Double Reduction policy. Drawing on analyses of YouTube videos about the ban uploaded by 13 Inner Circle English teachers, I argue that online teachers’ videos about the ban fulfill two overlapping purposes. On the one hand, the videos serve as a space for both uploaders and their audience of other teachers to emotionally process the national ban, including the loss of both their livelihoods and the intercultural connections they had formed with students in China. On the other hand, the videos help uploaders to build their own brand—often by encouraging other teachers to exploit their self‐entrepreneurial potential. Limitations, implications, and avenues for future research are discussed.
New insights on the evolution of processionary moths (Thaumetopoea spp., Lepidoptera, Notodontidae) based on a RAD‐seq phylogeny
Authors: Kerdelhué Carole , Sauné Laure , Burban Christian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThaumetopoea is a genus of Lepidoptera referred to as the processionary moths species, that comprises famous defoliators of forest trees. They are also a threat to human and animal health due to the urticating setae carried by their larvae. Their phylogenetic relationships were studied so far using morphological data, mitochondrial DNA and only a few nuclear markers. Results remained controversial so far, notably for the winter Conifer‐feeding species complex encompassing T. pityocampa and T. wilkinsoni. In particular, since the first identification of divergent mitochondrial clades, several new species were described and incongruent phylogenies were proposed in this group. We here explored the potential of nuclear RAD‐seq data to resolve these inconsistencies and compare the resultant phylogeny with the information provided by the mitochondrial COI gene. It allows to propose a robust phylogeny and decipher cases of mitochondrial introgressions and nuclear‐mitochondrial discordance, which raises doubts about the validity of some recently described species. Hence, we recommend caution before describing new taxa in this group from mitochondrial data alone. Species delineation between geographically bounded and genetically differentiated lineages cannot be addressed pertinently without dedicated sampling and associated population genomic and ecological studies.
Novel tri-specific T-cell engager targeting IL-13Rα2 and EGFRvIII provides long-term survival in heterogeneous GBM challenge and promotes antitumor cytotoxicity with patient immune cells
Authors: Park Daniel H , Bhojnagarwala Pratik S , Liaw Kevin , Bordoloi Devivasha , Tursi Nicholas J , Zhao Shushu , Binder Zev A , O’Rourke Donald , Weiner David B 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is known for its high antigenic heterogeneity, which undermines the effectiveness of monospecific immunotherapies. Multivalent immunotherapeutic strategies that target multiple tumor antigens simultaneously could enhance clinical outcomes by preventing antigen-driven tumor escape mechanisms.MethodsWe describe novel trivalent antibodies, DNA-encoded tri-specific T-cell engagers (DTriTEs), targeting two GBM antigens, epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) and IL-13Rα2, and engaging T cells through CD3. We engineered three DTriTE constructs, each with a unique arrangement of the antigen-binding fragments within a single-chain sequence. We assessed the binding efficiency and cytotoxic activity of these DTriTEs in vitro on target cells expressing relevant antigens. In vivo efficacy was tested in immunocompromised mice, including a longitudinal expression study post-administration and a survival analysis in an NOD scid gamma (NSG)-K mouse model under a heterogeneous tumor burden. RNA sequencing of DTriTE-activated T cells was employed to identify the molecular pathways influenced by the treatment. The antitumor cytotoxicity of patient-derived immune cells was evaluated following stimulation by DTriTE to assess its potential effectiveness in a clinical setting.ResultsAll DTriTE constructs demonstrated strong binding to EGFRvIII and IL-13Rα2-expressing cells, induced significant T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and enhanced cytokine production (interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin(IL)-2). The lead construct, DT2035, sustained expression for over 105 days in vivo and exhibited elimination of tumor burden in a heterogeneous intracranial GBM model, outperforming monospecific antibody controls. In extended survival studies using the NSG-K model, DT2035 achieved a 67% survival rate over 120 days. RNA sequencing of DTriTE-activated T cells showed that DT2035 enhances genes linked to cytotoxicity, proliferation, and immunomodulation, reflecting potent immune activation. Finally, DT2035 effectively induced target-specific cytotoxicity in post-treatment peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with GBM, highlighting its potential for clinical effectiveness.ConclusionsDTriTEs exhibit potent anti-tumor effects and durable in vivo activity, offering promising therapeutic potential against GBM. These findings support further development of such multivalent therapeutic strategies to improve treatment outcomes in GBM and potentially other antigenically heterogeneous tumors. The opportunity to advance such important therapies either through biologic delivery or direct in vivo nucleic acid production is compelling.
Heavy quarkonium spectral function in the spinning black hole background
Authors: Zhu Zhou-Run , Sun Manman , Zhou Rui , Ma Zhuang , Han Jinzhong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the dissociation of heavy quarkonium in the spinning black hole background. Specifically, we analyze the spectral function of charmonium and bottomonium in the spinning black hole background and examine how the angular momentum affects the dissociation of

$$J/\Psi $$

J
/
Ψ

and

$$\Upsilon (1S)$$

Υ
(
1
S
)

. From the results, we find that the angular momentum and temperature decreases the peak height and expands the peak width of the spectral function, thereby enhancing the dissociation of heavy vector mesons. Moreover, the angular momentum has a stronger dissociation effect in the transverse orientation, revealing the directional influence of angular momentum.
A Linear Model for Measuring the Experimental Resolution, Minimum Detection Limit, and Accuracy of Common Analytical Techniques
Authors: He Lijuan , Xu Henggui , Shi Min , Liu Na , Liu Hui 
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to establish methods based on linear models to measure the experimental resolution, minimum detection limit, and accuracy of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), gas chromatography (GC), and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and explore their applications.Methods: A series of equally diluted samples (copper, benzene, and renin) are measured. A linear regression analysis is performed between the detected concentrations and the expected concentrations. Under the optimal detection state, the minimum dilution gradient corresponding to the linear regression equation is defined as the experimental resolution. Meanwhile, the resolution of the measurement result using zero as the baseline is considered as the minimum detection limit of the detection system. The accuracy is calculated by using the deviations of the coefficient of determination, slope, and intercept. When the fluctuation range is less than 5%, the accuracy is considered acceptable.Results: The experimental resolutions of FAAS, GC, and LC–MS all reach 10% or better, which can be used for quantitative detection. The minimum detection limits of FAAS, GC, and LC–MS are 0.064, 0.001 μg/mL, and 0.088 ng/mL, respectively. The sensitivity of LC–MS is higher than that of the other two instruments according to the present data. When the coefficient of determination is greater than 0.98, the accuracy is further calculated. The accuracy results (relative errors) of FAAS, GC, and LC–MS are 1.015%, 1.430%, and 3.475%, respectively. FAAS is considered to be the most accurate.Conclusions: The method for measuring the experimental resolution, minimum detection limit, and accuracy based on linear models is simple and reasonable. The experimental performance is evaluated from multiple perspectives, which simplifies and improves the process and effect of the evaluation in order to suggest improvement strategies for analysis experiments and related equipment.
The Influence of Residential Segregation, Urbanicity, and Population Density on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence among a Low Socioeconomic Population
Authors: Johnson Corianne R. , Muhimpundu Sylvie , Han Xijing , Mumma Michael T. , Shrubsole Martha J. , Zheng Wei , Spalluto Lucy B. , Lipworth Loren , Sudenga Staci L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is becoming a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States, with notable disparities observed among racial and ethnic minorities. The objective of this study is to examine the association between social determinants of health (SDoH) and HCC incidence by race (White and Black individuals) using data from the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Methods:
The Southern Community Cohort Study is a prospective cohort study with participants recruited from 2002 to 2009. Incident HCC cases were identified during follow-up. Exposure measures, including residential segregation, social vulnerability, population density, rurality, and poverty, were assessed at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate HRs associated with SDoH by race with the adjustment of known HCC risk factors.

Results:
Among the 79,367 eligible participants, there were 491 incident HCC cases diagnosed, 378 of whom were in Black individuals. In Black individuals, increased population density and urban residency were associated with an increased risk of HCC, even after adjusting for potential confounders [HR = 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–2.13; HR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.20–2.41, respectively]. White individuals living in the least segregated areas (HR = 2.83; 95% CI, 1.39–5.78) and in urban settings (HR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.17–4.65) had an increased HCC risk, whereas population density was not associated with risk.

Conclusions:
We found that individuals residing in urban populations had an increased risk of HCC. These findings underscore the complex interplay of SDoH factors and geographic influences on HCC disparities.

Impact:
Our findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and further research to address HCC health inequities.
RORing CAR T Cells in Solid and Hematologic Cancers: Same but Different
Authors: Kobold Sebastian 
Published: December 2024

Summary
A recent phase I clinical study tested anti-ROR1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non–small cell lung cancer, and triple-negative breast cancer. The product could be safely administered and had activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia but less so in non–small cell lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer.
See related article by Jaeger-Ruckstuhl et al., p. 503
Selecting the Right Dose to Move Breast Cancer Prevention Forward
Authors: King Tari A. , DeCensi Andrea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The uptake and adherence of preventive therapy of breast cancer in clinical practice are low because of fear of serious adverse events and menopausal symptoms. Low-dose tamoxifen has been shown to retain efficacy while reducing toxicity in high-risk women. In this issue of the journal, Cornell and colleagues evaluated uptake, adherence, and tolerability of low-dose tamoxifen in high-risk women. More than 70% of patients reported that they took low-dose tamoxifen after counseling and were still taking the medication at 1 year. This paradigm shift may move the field of breast cancer prevention forward and reduce breast cancer incidence and mortality.
See related article by Cornell et al., p. 565
CD33–CD123 IF-THEN Gating Reduces Toxicity while Enhancing the Specificity and Memory Phenotype of AML-Targeting CAR-T Cells
Authors: Jambon Samy , Sun Jianping , Barman Shawn , Muthugounder Sakunthala , Bito Xue Rachel , Shadfar Armita , Kovach Alexandra E. , Wood Brent L. , Thoppey Manoharan Varsha , Morrissy A. Sorana , Bhojwani Deepa , Wayne Alan S. , Pulsipher Michael A. , Kim Yong-Mi , Asgharzadeh Shahab , Parekh Chintan , Moghimi Babak 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has remarkably succeeded in treating lymphoblastic leukemia. However, its success in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains elusive because of the risk of on-target off-tumor toxicity to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) and insufficient T-cell persistence and longevity. Using a SynNotch circuit, we generated a high-precision “IF-THEN” gated logical circuit against the combination of CD33 and CD123 AML antigens and demonstrated antitumor efficacy against AML cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. Unlike constitutively expressed CD123 CAR-T cells, those expressed through the CD33 SynNotch circuit could preserve HSPCs and lower the risk of on-target off-tumor hematopoietic toxicity. These gated CAR-T cells exhibited lower expression of exhaustion markers (PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3, and CD39), higher frequency of memory T cells (CD62L+CD45RA+), and enhanced expansion. Although targeting AML, the moderated circuit CAR signal also helped mitigate cytokine release syndrome, potentially addressing one of the ongoing challenges in CAR-T immunotherapy.

Significance:
Our study demonstrates the use of “IF-THEN” SynNotch-gated CAR-T cells targeting CD33 and CD123 in AML reduces off-tumor toxicity. This strategy enhances T-cell phenotype, improves expansion, preserves HSPCs, and mitigates cytokine release syndrome—addressing critical limitations of existing AML CAR-T therapies.
Fatherhood in Turbulence
Authors: Koivula Tapio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The legal standing of fathers has always differed from those of mothers in custody-related adjudication. A shift from the long-standing pater familias thinking to more mother-oriented approaches in the field has characterised the past century in family law, but contemporary developments have challenged the status quo and continue to shape legal fatherhood in new ways. The purpose of this article is to identify the legal trends that inform the approach of the European Court of Human Rights to fatherhood, the development of these trends, and what this can tell us of the future of legal fatherhood in European human rights jurisprudence.
Spectral Latent Heating Retrieval for the Midlatitudes Using GPM DPR. Part I: Construction of Lookup Tables
Authors: Yokoyama Chie , Hamada Atsushi , Ikuta Yasutaka , Shige Shoichi , Yamaji Moeka , Tsuji Hiroki , Kubota Takuji , Takayabu Yukari N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Quantification of latent heating associated with precipitation at midlatitudes is essential for understanding weather and climate. While the spectral latent heating (SLH) algorithm, which retrieves heating profiles using satellite-borne precipitation radars, has been developed for tropical precipitation, it cannot be applied to midlatitude precipitation because of their different characteristics. In this study, the SLH algorithm for global midlatitude precipitation is developed. In Part I, lookup tables (LUTs) that tie heating profiles to precipitation characteristics are constructed using Local Forecast Model simulations of eight extratropical cyclones around Japan. LUTs are produced for the following six categories: convective, shallow stratiform, downward increasing (DI) deep stratiform, downward decreasing (DD) deep stratiform, SUB0 (where the 0°C level is near the surface) deep stratiform, and OTHER. The DD/DI subcategories are added to indicate different characteristics of heating profiles due to the relative positions of the cloud base and the 0°C level, as detected by the vertical gradient of precipitation profiles below the 0°C level. The precipitation-top height (the maximum precipitation rate PMAX) serves as an index for LUTs for the convective and shallow stratiform (three deep stratiform and OTHER) types. The height of PMAX roughly corresponds to the cloud-base height, which is used to separate upper-level heating and lower-level cooling. Condensates outside of precipitating areas are estimated to account for 12% of surface precipitation. Since this effect is not included in the LUTs, we applied a correction using this value to the level 3 SLH version 07 product for midlatitudes, considering the energy budget.
All-Sky Assimilation of GOES-16 Water Vapor Channels in Consideration of Cloud-Dependent Interchannel Observation-Error Correlations
Authors: Feng Chengfeng , Pu Zhaoxia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16) includes three water vapor channels (8, 9, and 10) that are specifically designed to monitor tropospheric water vapor at high, mid-, and low levels. This study investigates an effective approach for assimilating the all-sky brightness temperatures (BTs) derived from these three water vapor channels while considering the characteristics of interchannel observation-error correlations (IOECs). The NASA Unified Weather Research and Forecasting (NU-WRF) Model, alongside the NCEP Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation analysis system (GSI)-based three-dimensional ensemble-variational hybrid data assimilation system, is utilized. First, an optimal bias correction (BC) scheme and data assimilation (DA) configuration, previously developed for all-sky assimilation of GOES-16 channel 8, are confirmed to be effective for channels 9 and 10. Then, the IOECs with respect to the symmetric cloud proxy variable among these three channels are analyzed. It is found that the IOECs display sigmoid function characteristics, being lower and roughly invariant with respect to under clear-sky conditions and higher in cloudy conditions. Given the unique properties of IOECs, sensitivity experiments with various configurations for assimilating the all-sky BTs from the three water vapor channels are conducted with Hurricanes Laura (2020) and Ida (2021). The results indicate that a strategy combining the assimilation of all-sky BTs from one of the GOES-16 channels, especially channel 10, with clear-sky BTs from the other water vapor channels yields superior analysis and forecasts in most scenarios, thereby highlighting the importance of appropriately estimating and accounting for cloud-dependent IOECs when assimilating all-sky BTs from the infrared channels in operational DA systems.