bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RISK OF OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: RESULTS OF THE PROGRAM «OSTEOSCREENING RUSSIA»
Authors: Nikitinskaya O. A. , Toroptsova N. V. , Demin N. V. , Feklistov A. Yu. , Nasonov E. L. 
Published: July 2018

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the use of glucocorticoids (GCs) are proven risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) and osteoporotic fractures (OPF). There are also other reasons for increased fracture risk in RA.Objective: to determine the rate of RA in an epidemiological sample of persons aged 50 years and older and to identify those in need of antiosteoporotic therapy among the patients with RA in order to prevent OPF.Subjects and methods. The epidemiological sample included 18,018 people aged 50 years and older (13,941 women and 4,077 men; mean age, 62±10 years). The survey consisted of a unified questionnaire, measurement of daily dietary calcium intake, and calculation of a 10-year fracture risk using the FRAX® algorithm.Results and discussion. The prevalence of RA in the epidemiological population sample aged 50 years and older was 1.7% (1.9% in women and 1.2% in men; p=0.0047). The mean FRAX® values for major OPF in RA patients were significantly higher than those in non-RA individuals: 18.4±10 and 13.2±7.9%, respectively (p=0.0001) for women and 8.9±6.4 and 6.2±3.7%, respectively (p=0.0001) for men. 42% of the patients with RA were at high risk for OPF. Thus, 48% of the women with RA had FRAX® values above the therapeutic intervention threshold; and the non-RA group needed antiosteoporotic therapy significantly less (31%; p=0.00001). At the same time, the detection rate of high-risk OPF in men with and without RA did not differ significantly (8 and 5%, respectively; p>0.05). The most common risk factors (RFs) for OP and OPF in RA patients included previous fractures (33%), secondary causes of OP (30%), GC use (18%), and, additionally, smoking (33%) in male patients with RA. The female patients with RA significantly more frequently took GCs (17%) and had other secondary causes of OP and OPF (33%) than those without RA (7.7% (p=0.0001) and 23% (p=0.0004, respectively). The male patients with RA versus to the population-based control showed significant differences when they only used GCs (20 and 5%, respectively; p = 0.0001); the remaining RFs were encountered at the same frequency. Less than half of the normal daily calcium intake was observed in 20% of men and 16% of women (p=0.53).Conclusion. 42% of the RA patients aged 50 years and older were at high risk for OPF and needed antiosteoporotic therapy. Every third woman with RA had at least one other comorbidity or condition associated with the increased risk of OPF. In the male patients with RA, the FRAX® algorithm could reveal only 8% of persons at high risk for fractures, while 58% of them had two or more additional RFs that can negatively affect bone mineral density and increase the risk of fracture. To identify those who require prevention and treatment of OP and OPF, it is preferable to perform bone densitometry of the axial skeleton among male patients with RA.
IMPACT OF THE FREQUENCY OF USING NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS ON THE RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSION OF SACROILIITIS IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS
Authors: Rumyantseva D. G. , Dubinina T. V. , Erdes Sh. F. 
Published: July 2018

Objective: to compare the impact of continuous or on-demand use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the activity and radiographic progression of early axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled patients from the early spondyloarthritis cohort who met the 2009 Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria for axSpA. This analysis included 68 patients who had been followed up for at least 24 months. The mean age at the time of inclusion in the investigation was 28.5±5.8 years; the mean disease duration was 24.1±15.4 months; 63 (92.6%) patients were HLA-B27-positive. The patients were divided into two groups: 1) 35 patients used NSAIDs at maximum therapeutic doses continuously during the follow-up period; 2) 33 patients received these drugs on-demand, depending on the presence and severity of back pain.Results and discussion. After 2-year follow-up, the median stage of radiographic sacroiliitis (SI) in Group 1 was unchanged and remained equal to 4; that in Group 2 in this period significantly increased from 3 to 4 scores (p < 0.05). At baseline, the patient groups did not differ in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS-CRP), and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI); however, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) was higher in Group 1 (p < 0.05). The number of patients with active SI, as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the degree of its severity did not differ significantly between groups. After 2 years, all the patients retained low disease activity according to ASDAS-CRP, BASDAI, and CRP levels; and these measures did not differ significantly between groups either; the BASFI became higher in Group 1. MRI findings indicated that the number of patients with active SI decreased, but no differences were found between the groups.Conclusion. In patients with early axSpA, the continuous intake of NSAIDs can slow radiographic progression to a greater extent than their on-demand use.
Working with Legal Principles – demonstrated using Private Autonomy and Freedom of Contract as Examples
Authors: Möllers Thomas M.J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Resolving legal problems at the national and European level, legal principles are of outstanding significance. However, it often remains unclear how to utilise these legal principles – which are partly not codified – in the specific legal solution. This article addresses two questions: How can we derive legal principles from the law if they have not been codified in the law? Moreover, how can we concretise legal principles? These two main issues will be illustrated on the basis of contractual freedom and particular legal institutes such as obligation to contract, price control, and frustration of contract. A last issue will be to tackle methodical difficulties posed by legal principles at the European level.
The stories we tell victims: Victim participation and outreach programs at the extraordinary chambers in the courts of Cambodia
Authors: Destrooper Tine 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Victim participation and elaborate outreach programs are becoming increasingly important features of international and hybrid criminal courts. The aspiration is that these programs will increase the local relevance of these courts' work, enhance the sustainability of justice processes after international actors leave, and empower victims en passant. In the last decade, considerable attention and resources have been dedicated to the development of state-of-the-art outreach and participation programs, resulting in exciting new engagement models that are then, on average, evaluated in legal and technical terms. So far, however, little attention has been paid to the more long-term and indirect effects of exposure to certain – unidimensional and hierarchically organized – narratives about justice. In a first step to systematically analyze this question, this article maps the discursive priorities and structure of one of the tribunals (Cambodia) where victim participation and outreach played a central role. The article uses innovative large-n qualitative computational text analysis methods and raises critical questions about (a) the disconnect between prosecutorial prioritization strategies and popular priorities for the justice process, (b) the success of outreach programs in bringing a locally relevant message, and (c) the extent to which outreach and victim participation succeeded in bridging the gap between the work of the ECCC and the realities of people on the ground.
Echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension: a guideline protocol from the British Society of Echocardiography
Authors: Augustine Daniel X. , Coates-Bradshaw Lindsay D. , Willis James , Harkness Allan , Ring Liam , Grapsa Julia , Coghlan Gerry , Kaye Nikki , Oxborough David , Robinson Shaun , Sandoval Julie , Rana Bushra S. , Siva Anjana , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Howard Luke S. , Fox Kevin , Bhattacharyya Sanjeev , Sharma Vishal , Steeds Richard P. , Mathew Thomas 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a mean arterial pressure of ≥25 mmHg as confirmed on right heart catheterisation. Traditionally, the pulmonary arterial systolic pressure has been estimated on echo by utilising the simplified Bernoulli equation from the peak tricuspid regurgitant velocity and adding this to an estimate of right atrial pressure. Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between this estimate of pulmonary arterial systolic pressure and that obtained from invasive measurement across a cohort of patients. However, for an individual patient significant overestimation and underestimation can occur and the levels of agreement between the two is poor. Recent guidance has suggested that echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension should be limited to determining the probability of pulmonary hypertension being present rather than estimating the pulmonary artery pressure. In those patients in whom the presence of pulmonary hypertension requires confirmation, this should be done with right heart catheterisation when indicated. This guideline protocol from the British Society of Echocardiography aims to outline a practical approach to assessing the probability of pulmonary hypertension using echocardiography and should be used in conjunction with the previously published minimum dataset for a standard transthoracic echocardiogram.
La acción sustantiva universitaria y la articulación con el entorno: caso Sede Regional Chorotega de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Authors: Suárez Serrano Andrea , Lezcano Calderón Sandra , Bautista Solís Pável 
Published: July 2018

Recibido 30/01/2018 Aceptado 06/04/2018Se realizó una revisión de los proyectos de extensión-investigación de la Sede Regional Chorotega (SRCH) de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica para fortalecer la interrelación extensión-investigación-docencia y su articulación con la región. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo los proyectos de extensión e investigación influyen en la articulación interna y externa de la SRCH para cumplir con las diferentes actividades de la acción sustantiva universitaria. Se revisaron veintiocho proyectos de extensión-investigación, periodo 2012- 2017, utilizando un metaanálisis cualitativo y exploratorio de los proyectos registrados en el Sistema de Información Académica de la UNA. Los proyectos de extensión-investigación han fomentado una fuerte articulación de la UNA con comunidades y aliados estratégicos, ampliando el conocimiento de diversas disciplinas. Los proyectos permiten a las personas académicas mejorar su interacción y colaboración con organizaciones sociales, instituciones públicas y pares internacionales. Sin embargo, también es necesario revisar las políticas de regionalización para facilitar una mayor articulación con el sector privado y con otras universidades. Los fondos concursables regionales son esenciales para el desarrollo de proyectos de extensión e investigación. Sin estos recursos el alcance de las sedes regionales se reduciría drásticamente.
Visión de la extensión en Sedes Interuniversitarias, recomendaciones para la incorporación de acciones en zonas regionales. Eje: políticas de extensión. Sub-eje: orientaciones para las políticas de extensión en la Universidad Nacional
Authors: Miranda Benavides Karla , Prendas Aguilar Gaudy , Noguera Moya Scatk 
Published: July 2018

Recibido 20/01/2018 Aceptado 30/03/2018El propósito de creación de las Sedes Interuniversitarias es desarrollar la acción sustantiva de la Universidad Nacional con participación de otras universidades públicas, lo cual representa una gran oportunidad para trasladar los resultados de la acción docente a las comunidades de las diversas zonas regionales. Este artículo expone la visión de un grupo de académicos en torno a la extensión universitaria en el ámbito de las Sedes; se describe el estado de la extensión en los planes de estudio de la Sede Interuniversitaria de Alajuela y se presenta un análisis de la normativa vigente respecto a la extensión. Además, se estudia un modelo de análisis administrativo y su aplicación en términos de una política de extensión. También se expone la importancia del trabajo con las comunidades en el ámbito de los programas de los cursos; tarea de la cual se desprenden recomendaciones para la ejecución de la extensión universitaria.
La formación profesional universitaria en extensión: una experiencia vivida
Authors: Vanegas Araya Jennifer Eunice 
Published: July 2018

Recibido 7/2/2018 Aceptado 25/04/2018Este escrito pretende participar en el aporte que la extensión universitaria ofrece a la formación profesional, desde la experiencia vivida por parte de un grupo de estudiantes de distintas carreras de la Universidad Nacional ligados a un proyecto de extensión, todo en el aprender siendo, haciendo y sintiendo, junto a tres comunidades en condición de vulnerabilidad de Los Chiles de Alajuela. Analiza el aporte que emerge de la participación estudiantil en un proyecto de extensión para la resignificación de la formación profesional en la acción social inclusiva. La formación universitaria requiere una verdadera integralidad de saberes, promoviendo al estudiantado a la experiencia en el campo, espacio en el cual se pueden desarrollar competencias necesarias para la formación profesional desde acciones sociales. Se hace un llamado para que se evidencie en la extensión universitaria, la incorporación de la población estudiantil universitaria, haciendo un llamado a una formación más experimental, significativa y transformadora.
Characterization of macrolide-resistant non-invasive pneumococci in the pre-vaccine era in Serbia
Authors: Popovic Suncica , Hadnadjev Mirjana , Gajic Ina , Mijac Vera , Kekic Dusan , Smitran Aleksandra , Ranin Lazar , Opavski Natasa 
Published: July 2018

Numerous reports have confirmed that increased macrolide use in the treatment of respiratory tract infection has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic resistance worldwide. Studies have also shown that pneumococcal vaccine can reduce pneumococcal resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of co-resistance to penicillin and other antibiotics in macrolide-resistant (MR) non-invasive pneumococcal isolates and to evaluate serotype distribution in resistant strains in the pre-vaccine era in Serbia. About 80% of MR isolates expressed the MLS phenotype with very high resistance to both erythromycin and clindamycin. A total of 132 (84.1%) MR isolates were multiresistant, i.e., they were resistant to erythromycin, penicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Among 157 MR pneumococci, 11 different serotypes were found. Four serotypes, 19F, 14, 6B, and 23F, accounted for 77.7% of all MR pneumococcal isolates. Among isolates with the cMLS phenotype, serotypes 19F and 14 were predominant, whereas serotype 6A was the most common among those with the M phenotype, followed by 14. In conclusion, co-resistance to macrolides and penicillin in our non-invasive pneumococcal isolates is high. The majority of tested strains (∼80%) belonged to the four serotypes (19F, 14, 6B, and 23F) that are included in all conjugate vaccine formulations.
Unusual clinical presentation of Guillain Barre syndrome: a case report
Authors: Marenco Aristides , Lozada Juan Manuel 
Published: July 2018

Background: Guillen barre syndrome is the most frequent cause of flaccid paralysis in the world, it is characterized by an acute demyelinating, autoimmune and multiple etiology polyneuropathy, among which are included infectious agents such as Campylobacter jejuni, Zika virus, of genetic and environmental factors.
Case Report: We present the case of a 56-year-old Colombian male patient with a history of hypertension, who entered the intensive care unit with symptoms of atypical asymmetric motor neurological compromise, which rapidly progressed to ventilatory failure and subsequent confinement síndrome.
Discussion: Guillen barre síndrome establishes a potentially fatal disease, the semiology of pain, paresthesia, symmetric-progressive, distal weakness, instability, hipo/areflexia, constitute a neurological emergency. There are Clinical variants establishing a great.
STUDENTS’ ASSESSMENT OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE LABOR MARKET
Authors: GANINA O. A. , SELETKOVA G. I. , FEDOTOVA V. A. 
Published: July 2018

Stable reproduction of resources in the labor market, as well as their adaptation to current trends, largely depend on the awareness of potential employees of their capabilities and prospects. Such views are formed already at the initial stages of mastering the profession - in obtaining higher education. These representations are an important indicator especially in the context of the transformation of the higher education system, in particular in connection with the updated GEF HE. In this article, the authors consider approaches to studying the youth labor market and focus their attention on issues of professional self-determination and gaining experience in labor activity. Based on the focus group study, the authors disclose the expectations and self-assessments of students regarding their professional prospects in the labor market. Researchers identify specific features of selfassessment of professional perspectives depending on the course of study, on the level of professional education and other factors. As it turned out, undergrads tend to assess the degree of their readiness to enter the labor market rather high, but nevertheless feel undefined. According to the students, frequent short-term internships in specific enterprises could increase their confidence and expand the prospects for successful employment. At the same time, students are more focused on working in specific organizations than actually on professional self-actualization.
LIFE AFTER REFORMS: THE SURVIVAL PRACTICES IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST AT THE TURN OF XX-XXI CENTURIES IN THE MIRROR OF FICTION
Authors: VOLKOVA E. S. 
Published: July 2018

Following the current trends in the development of historical science, the author considers fiction as an important source for the study of the post-Soviet period, allowing recreating the socio- historical types of behavior, way of thinking and public mood, to track the transformation of the structures of everyday life. The article is based on the fiction published from the early 1990s to the present day and reflected the Far Eastern realities of the 1990s-2000s. The main attention is paid to the ways of adaptation to the new socio-economic conditions, such as inflation and the fall in real money incomes, massive cuts and wage delays, privatization, the collapse of industrial enterprises, the destruction of social infrastructure, the income differentiation, and an increasing gap between more and less developed territories. Art works show how in crisis the Far East inhabitants are looking for opportunities for part- time work, change professions, working for hire, opening their own business or falling into the category of self-employed, use deviant and destructive forms of employment. Many people in the conditions of continuous growth of prices, delays in wages or lack of a permanent, well-paid place of work are accustomed to live without money, making purchases rarely, but using subsistence farming in dacha or vegetable garden, the interchange of goods and services, engaged in gathering, hunting, fishing (the aboriginal population returns to traditional marine mammal hunting). In addition, the Far East inhabitants react to the modified conditions by changing their demographic behavior. Horizontal public relations are being strengthened, mutual assistance are widely used in the circle of relatives and friends.
FAR EAST DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: (NOT) TYPICAL CASE OF MODERN RUSSIAN REGIONAL POLICY
Authors: PESTSOV S. K. , VOLYNCHUK A. B. 
Published: July 2018

The main subject of the research in this article is the development policy of the Far East as one of the aspects (components) of the strategy of pivot to the East, declared and implemented by the country's leadership from the beginning of the 2000s. The case of Russian policy related to the development of the Far East has a scientific and practical interest in two respects. On the one hand, as a means of ensuring success in Russia's general pass to Asia, on the other, as an example, allowing judging the content, basic approaches and principles of modern Russian regional policy as a whole. The main features and peculiarities of this policy are considered by the authors in the context of the discussion about the so-called new paradigm of regional policy that is unfolding in recent years. The article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the new regional policy, and evaluates its effectiveness.
Hasat Öncesi Farklı Dozlardaki Putresin Uygulamasının 0900 Ziraat Kiraz Çeşidinin Soğukta Depolama Süre ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Koyuncu Mehmet Ali , Erbaş Derya , Onursal Cemile Ebru , Özüsoy Funda 
Published: July 2018

Çalışma, hasat
öncesi Putresin (PUT) uygulamasının 0900 Ziraat kiraz çeşidinin depolama süresi
ve kalitesi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Ağaçlara,
tahmini derim tarihinden 3 hafta önce sprey şeklinde 2.5, 5 ve 7.5 mM
dozlarında PUT+Tween-20 (% 0.01)
uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubuna ise yine sprey şeklinde saf su+Tween-20
(% 0.01) uygulanmıştır. Optimum derim tarihinde toplanan kirazlar, modifiye
atmosfer poşetlerine (MAP) yerleştirilerek 0 °C’de ve % 90±5 oransal nem
koşullarında 50 gün süre ile depolanmıştır. Depolamanın başlangıcında, 10.,
20., 30., 40. ve 50. günlerinde soğukta muhafazadan
çıkarılan meyve örneklerinde ağırlık kaybı, suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı,
titre edilebilir asitlik miktarı, meyve sertliği, meyve kabuk ve sap
rengi, solunum hızı ve poşet içi gaz
bileşimi ölçümleri ile duyusal değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda PUT
uygulamalarının bütün dozları incelenen kalite parametreleri bakımından kontrol
grubuna oranla olumlu sonuçlar vermiştir. Sap ve meyve kabuk
renginin korunması ile duyusal değerlendirmeler bakımından en iyi sonuçlar 2.5
ve 5.0 mM PUT uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Kontrol meyveleri 30 gün, PUT
uygulananlar ise 40 gün pazarlanabilir kalitede kalabilmişlerdir. Ancak yüzeyde
kusursuz seviyede çöküntü istendiğinde bu süreler 20 ve 30 gün olarak
düşünülebilir.
Establishment of lactation at the early stages, risk factors and prevention of hypogalactia
Authors: Zhdanova S. I. , Malinovskaya Yu. V. , Yunusova E. F. 
Published: July 2018

According to the literature, hypogalactia is the most common cause of early termination of breast-feeding. The article describes the risk factors for the development of hypogalactia in the first days after birth, such as cesarean section, motherchild separation, and the low frequency of newborn feeding in the first day of life. In addition, the use of formulas without medical indications, especially in the first days after birth, when the success lactation is being established, is the most common cause of termination of breastfeeding due to hypogalactia. Medical indications for supplementary feeding, as well as ways of feeding with a formula that would not suppress the mother’s own lactation, are discussed in detail in the article on the basis of the guidelines of the American Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. Particular attention is paid to the main factors of the establishment of natural lactation: early application to the breast during the first hour of life, prolonged skin-toskin contact between mother and child, frequent feeding upon request of the child, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).