bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family‐centred health care for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Shevell Michael , Oskoui Maryam , Wood Ellen , Kirton Adam , Van Rensburg Esias , Buckley David , Ng Pamela , Majnemer Annette 
Published: October 2018

AimTo identify characteristics of young children with cerebral palsy (CP), and intrinsic and extrinsic factors, that may be associated with parental perceptions regarding family‐centred health care services.MethodWe conducted a cross‐sectional study, drawing our sample from the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry (CCPR). Parents rated the extent of family‐centred care provided by their child's health care teams using the 56‐item Measures of Process of Care (MPOC) questionnaire. Environmental and CP phenotypic variables were extracted from the CCPR for group comparisons. Low and high MPOC‐56 raters were also compared.ResultsValid responses were obtained from 282 families (90%). All MPOC‐56 subscales were highly rated (median ≥6.0), indicating satisfaction with health care services, with the exception of the Providing General Information subscale (median 4.8, interquartile range 3.2–6.0). Parents from Nova Scotia rated all subscales significantly higher than parents from other regions. CP subtype and severity were not significantly associated with MPOC‐56 subscale scores. Higher socio‐economic status was associated with lower MPOC‐56 subscale scores. Higher paternal educational attainment and household income were significantly associated with lower scores on the Providing General Information and Providing Specific Information about the Child subscales respectively.InterpretationParticipants affirmed the provision of family‐centred services from Canadian pediatric rehabilitation centres. Sociodemographic factors were associated with parental perceptions of family‐centred services.What this paper adds

Sociodemographic factors were associated with parental perceptions of family‐centred care.

Factors intrinsic to the child's cerebral palsy were not associated with parental perceptions.
Speckle tracking echocardiography and right ventricle dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome: A pilot study
Authors: Bonizzoli Manuela , Cipani Simone , Lazzeri Chiara , Chiostri Marco , Ballo Piercarlo , Sarti Armando , Peris Adriano 
Published: October 2018

PurposeSpeckle tracking echocardiography is a novel echocardiographic technique to assess RV myocardial function but no data are so far available in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and we aimed at assessing the feasibility of 2 dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography and the prognostic role of RV free wall speckle tracking strain in 30 consecutive patients with moderate‐severe ARDSMaterials and MethodsIn an observational prospective study, 30 consecutive patients with moderate‐severe ARDS were enrolled. Echocardiography was performed within 12 hours from ICU admission.ResultsMortality rate was 33% (10/30). Non‐survivors showed lower values of pH (7.32 ± 0.09, P = 0.03) and higher troponin I levels (0.32 (0.08–0.46), P = 0.04), NT‐pro BNP (3091 (2662–7128), P = 0.009), and SAPS II (60.3 ± 9.6, P < 0.001). At echocardiographic examination, non‐survivors showed lower values of TAPSE (18.3 ± 3, P = 0.034) and higher systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (49.6 ± 16, P = 0.05). Two patients (6.6%) did not show valid acoustic windows. Only three patients showed normal values of RV strain free wall (22%, 25%, and 28% absolute values, respectively), among whom one patient died. When compared to survivors, non‐survivors showed significantly lower values of RV strain free wall (−10.4 ± 0.10, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn mechanically ventilated moderate‐severe ARDS, 2D speckle tracking is feasible even though difficult acoustic windows are common. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings in a larger cohort of patients.
No country for young men: International migration and left‐behind children in Tajikistan
Authors: Jaupart Pascal 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of international migration on the schooling and labour outcomes of left‐behind children in rural Tajikistan. Using three‐wave panel survey data, I rely on an instrumental variable strategy to address the non‐random selection into migration. I identify important and gender‐differenced schooling and labour supply responses. My findings suggest that boys living in migrant households are less likely to lag behind at school or work. At the intensive margin, they also report fewer hours of work per week. On the other hand, left‐behind teenage females undertake a higher number of domestic chores. They appear to marry earlier as well. The migration impact on boys appears to be driven by remittances and the improved financial situation of households. The absence of any positive influence on the education of left‐behind girls is likely to be explained by Tajikistan's cultural norms and institutions.
The “Plan” phase of a Deming cycle: Measurement of quality and outcome of root canal treatments in a university hospital
Authors: Cousson Pierre‐Yves , Decerle Nicolas , Munoz‐Sanchez Marie‐Laure , Roux Dominique , Doméjean Sophie , Nicolas Emmanuel , Hennequin Martine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionIn many countries, dental students are taught in private or university hospitals where they treat patients under the supervision of teachers. Assessing the quality of root canal treatments (RCT) would provide information about the quality of care patients receive when treated by students.MethodsThis study describes the six‐step “Plan” phase of a Plan‐Do‐Check‐Act (PDCA) cycle that identifies and analyses clinical practices in endodontics in a university dental hospital service.ResultsStep 3 reported that the proportion of RCTs of adequate quality reached 57.1% and this proportion was significantly decreased when specific indicators for treatment difficulties were present. The proportion of successful RCTs after 1 year was 65.6%, and its variation was influenced by the preoperative periapical status rather than the quality of RCTs. The consensual meeting in Step 6 proposed to introduce three new procedures for the further Do, Check and Act phases of the PDCA cycle.ConclusionThis study encourages systematic evaluation of RCTs and provides the first step of the methodology that can be reproduced in private and hospital practices where students are asked to treat patients.
The “flawless” school and the problematic actors: Research on policy documents to counteract discrimination and degrading treatment in schools in Sweden
Authors: Lundin Mattias , Torpsten Ann‐Christin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn Sweden, the anti‐discrimination initiatives and the efforts against degrading treatment are promoted by two laws indicating self‐regulatory and transparent actions toward preventing both. To be successful, it is important that everybody involved in the work has the same understanding of the task and that everybody understands written formulations of local policy documents, here labelled equity plans, in order not to reinforce inequalities when counteracting discrimination and degrading treatment. Our aim is to explore the world‐views that are expressed by the schools in their equity plans. We ask what are the perceived causes of discrimination and degrading treatment within the schools, what solutions in the equity plans emerge and which subject positions are constructed and made possible. The analysis rendered three discourses of which we can see recurring signs in the material and these have been labelled The perfect school discourse, The designated discourse and The educational discourse. These discourses are different in how they relate to discrimination and degrading treatment in school and they also provide different opportunities for students. We conclude that policy‐making is important as a means to change discriminatory patterns and we suggest how to avoid drawing on discourses that are likely to counteract the goals.
FIP4/Arfophilin‐2 plays overlapping but distinct roles from FIP3/Arfophilin‐1 in neuronal migration during cortical layer formation
Authors: Hara Yoshinobu , Fukaya Masahiro , Sugawara Takeyuki , Sakagami Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe class II Rab11 family‐interacting proteins, FIP3 and FIP4, also termed Arfophilin‐1 and Arfophilin‐2, respectively, are endosomal proteins that function as dual effector proteins for Rab11 and ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) small GTPases. In the present study, we examined the expression and role of FIP4 in neuronal migration during cerebral layer formation. FIP4 mRNA was first weakly detected in post‐mitotic migrating neurons in the upper intermediate zone, and expression was markedly increased in the cortical layer. Exogenously expressed FIP4 protein was localized to subpopulations of EEA1‐ and syntaxin 12‐positive endosomes in migrating neurons, and was partially colocalized with FIP3. Knockdown of FIP4 by in utero electroporation significantly stalled transfected neurons in the lower cortical layer and decreased the speed of neuronal migration in the upper intermediate zone and in the cortical plate compared with control small hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐transfected neurons. Furthermore, co‐transfection of shRNA‐resistant wild‐type FIP4, but not wild type FIP3 or FIP4 mutants lacking the binding region for Rab11 or Arf, significantly improved the disturbed cortical layer formation caused by FIP4 knockdown. Collectively, our findings suggest that FIP4 and FIP3 play overlapping but distinct roles in neuronal migration downstream of Arf and Rab11 during cortical layer formation.
Using the raz‐rru method to examine linkages between substrate, biofilm colonisation and stream metabolism in open‐canopy streams
Authors: Hanrahan Brittany R. , Tank Jennifer L. , Shogren Arial J. , Rosi Emma J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Understanding the mechanisms that control gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) is important in open‐canopy streams, particularly as their prevalence increases across the landscape with the expansion of human land use.

We measured resazurin (raz) transformation to resorufin (rru) as an indicator of ER in two contrasting experimental stream systems to examine the linkages between underlying substrate, biofilm colonisation and stream metabolism in open‐canopy systems.

We implemented a gradient of biofilm coverage (0%–100%) in 20 recirculating streams and found that raz transformation (kτ) increased proportionally with algal biomass and gross primary production (GPP). We then conducted multiple short‐term additions of raz over a 5‐month biofilm colonisation sequence in four groundwater‐fed, experimental streams (Q = 1.5 L/s, 50 m long) at the Notre Dame Linked Experimental Ecosystem Facility (ND‐LEEF). Streams at ND‐LEEF were lined with two different substrate sizes (pea gravel vs. cobble) and two levels of heterogeneity (alternating sections vs. well‐mixed).

We found that longitudinal patterns of kτ varied with substrate type and heterogeneity on the majority of sampling days. Temporal patterns of kτ over the trajectory of biofilm growth were similar among streams, with “peak” kτ occurring after three months of biofilm growth; kτ decreased with the onset of algal senescence and decreasing temperatures. Raz transformation was also positively correlated with algal biomass and GPP in the streams at ND‐LEEF, which varied with substrate composition.

Overall, the raz‐rru method identified spatial and temporal variability in the linkages between substrate, algal biofilms, and metabolism in open‐canopy streams.
Primary cutaneous lymphoma in Argentina: a report of a nationwide study of 416 patients
Authors: Abeldaño Alejandra , Enz Paula , Maskin Matias , Cervini Andrea B. , Torres Natallia , Acosta Ana C. , Narbaitz Marina , Vanzulli Silvia , Orentrajch Mirta , Villareal Marta A. , Garcia Pazos Maria L. , Arias Mariana , Zambrano Franco Evelyn A. , Fontana Maria I. , Chuit Roberto 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency of primary cutaneous lymphoma (PCL) in Argentina according to the new World Health Organization (WHO)‐European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) classification system.MethodsA total of 416 patients from 21 dermatology services were included during a 5‐year period (2010–2015); these patients were classified using WHO‐EORTC criteria.ResultsThere were 231 (55.2%) males and 185 (44.8%) females; the male‐to‐female ratio was 1.35. The median age of the patients was 57 years (range, 0–90 years). Most patients were Caucasian (79%), and only 16% of patients were registered as Amerindian. Most patients (387/416, 93%) had cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL); 28 patients (6.7%) were diagnosed with cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma (CBCL). The most frequent CTCL subtypes, in decreasing order of prevalence, were mycosis fungoides (MF), including its variants (75.7%); CD30+ primary cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders (7.2%); and Sézary syndrome (SS) (3.1%). Cutaneous follicle center lymphoma was the most common CBCL subtype (2.9%). In the subset of patients ≤20 years of age, the most common condition was MF (57%), followed by extranodal NK‐T nasal‐type lymphoma (14%).ConclusionsThis study revealed relatively higher rates of MF and lower rates of CBCL in Argentinean patients that have been reported in American and European countries.
Metabolic regulation of innate and adaptive lymphocyte effector responses
Authors: Joseph Ann M. , Monticelli Laurel A. , Sonnenberg Gregory F. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryInnate and adaptive lymphocytes employ diverse effector programs that provide optimal immunity to pathogens and orchestrate tissue homeostasis, or conversely can become dysregulated to drive progression of chronic inflammatory diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that CD4+ T helper cell subsets and their innate counterparts, the innate lymphoid cell family, accomplish these complex biological roles by selectively programming their cellular metabolism in order to instruct distinct modules of lymphocyte differentiation, proliferation, and cytokine production. Further, these metabolic pathways are significantly influenced by tissue microenvironments and disease states. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on how cell‐intrinsic metabolic factors modulate the context‐dependent bioenergetic pathways that govern innate and adaptive lymphocytes. Further, we propose that a greater understanding of these pathways may lead to the identification of unique features in each population and provoke the development of novel therapeutic strategies to modulate lymphocytes in health and disease.
Thinking differently about ILCs—Not just tissue resident and not just the same as CD4+ T‐cell effectors
Authors: Huang Yuefeng , Mao Kairui , Germain Ronald N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) resemble adaptive T lymphocytes based on transcription factor expression, cytokine production, and their presumptive roles in immunity, but are activated for effector function through cytokine signaling and not antigen‐specific receptors. The prevailing view is that ILCs adapt to specific microenvironments during development and operate as tissue‐resident cells in co‐operation with antigen‐specific T cells to provide host protection and contribute to tissue maintenance. In particular, conventional models equate the activity of different ILC subsets with CD4+ effector T‐cell types based on corresponding transcription factor expression and a potential for comparable cytokine production. Based on recent data from our laboratory, we suggest that these views on tissue residence and parallel functioning to CD4+ T cells are too restrictive. Our findings show that ILC2s can be mobilized from the gut under inflammatory conditions and contribute to distal immunity in the lungs during infection, whereas gut‐resident ILC3s operate in a quite distinct manner from Th17 CD4+ effector cells in responding to commensal microbes, with important implications for control of metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the recent advances leading to these revised views of ILC inter‐organ trafficking and the distinct and complementary function of ILCs with respect to adaptive T cells in establishing and maintaining a physiologic host environment.
New insights into the function, development, and plasticity of type 2 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Krabbendam Lisette , Bal Suzanne M. , Spits Hergen , Golebski Korneliusz 
Published: October 2018

SummaryGroup 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are the most well defined group of ILCs. ILC2 development is controlled by the GATA‐3 transcription factor and these cells produce archetypal type 2 cytokines, such as IL‐5 and IL‐13. These cytokines mediate parasite expulsion and tissue repair, but also contribute to type 2 inflammatory diseases, including allergy, asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. In response to tightly regulated local environmental cues ILCs can generate characteristics of other subtypes, a process known as plasticity. Recent advances in the ILC2 field has led to the discovery that ILC2s can promptly shift to functional IFN‐γ‐producing ILC1s or IL‐17‐producing ILC3s, depending on the cytokines and chemokines produced by antigen presenting cells or epithelial cells. Due to yet unknown triggers, this complex network of signals may become dysregulated. In this review, we will discuss general ILC characteristic, ILC2 development, plasticity, memory function, and implications in disease.
Physical health status of older adults with severe mental illness: The PHiSMI‐E cohort study
Authors: Houben Noortje , Janssen Eveline P.C.J. , Hendriks Marike R.C. , van der Kellen Digna , van Alphen Bas P.J. , van Meijel Berno 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe objective was to use various somatic parameters as basis for investigating the physical health of older adults with severe mental illnesses (SMI). A cross‐sectional study design is performed by using baseline data from the Physical Health in SMI‐elderly (PHiSMI‐E) study. Data were collected using the Nursing Monitoring of Somatic Status and Lifestyle – Mental Health instrument in adults aged over 60 with SMI in a large Dutch mental health institute. Ninety‐nine elderly SMI patients were included. Somatic comorbidity (84.8%), use of somatic medication (77.7%) and polypharmacy (67.7%) were prevalent. Extrapyramidal symptoms were experienced by 51% of patients, mainly in the subgroup with psychotic disorders (75.6%). Unhealthy diet was reported in 16.2%, obesity in 27.3%, and physical inactivity in 57.6%. Fatigue (67.7%) and dry mouth (66.6%) were the commonest reported physical symptoms. Mean VAS score (scale 0–10) indicating participants’ self‐perceived physical health was 6.7 (SD ± 1.6). After division of the total patient group into tertiles based on the VAS scores, the lowest tertile was characterized by less physical activity, unhealthier diet, more use of medication, more fatigue, somnolence, and inner agitation. In conclusion, impaired physical health status was common in these older patients with SMI. Although they had more psychiatric and somatic comorbidity than adult SMI patients described in the literature, they had a healthier lifestyle. To reduce morbidity and premature mortality in these frail patients, it is essential that healthcare providers are aware of the high prevalence of somatic comorbidity and symptoms, and of their interactions with the psychiatric disorders. This study improves our understanding of differences in vulnerability factors of older patients with SMI. The (early) detection of somatic comorbidities may improve long‐term health outcomes of these patients.
Traceability information modeling and system implementation in Chinese domestic sheep meat supply chains
Authors: Yan Cui , Huanhuan Feng , Ablikim Batur , Zheng Gu , Xiaoshuan Zhang , Jun Li 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTraceability has become a prerequisite for ensuring meat quality and safety. It is the most critical requirement for developing a well‐structured traceability system to identify efficiently and model the traceability information need to be captured. This article identified Chinese domestic sheep meat supply chain and proposed the Petri nets and UML based modeling approach for identified traceability information and process. This approach followed the definition of state and transition in sheep meat production process. An in‐depth analysis was conducted for the sheep stakeholders and production flow of the sheep meat chain. The state‐transition for the production process and specific traceability information need to be captured were identified including the product, process, quality, and transformation information. Furthermore, traceability functionality requirement and system architecture were presented. System evaluation results illustrate the model can help to provide guidance for standardizing meat product flow and supporting quality traceability management in meat industry. The system can provide making‐decision for the meat product quality and safety control.Practical applicationsThe proposed method could be applied widely in development of traceability system and provided making‐decision for the control of meat product quality and safety.
At‐line monitoring of industrial frying processes using ATR‐FTIR‐PLS method
Authors: Fetter Lucas Flores , Filoda Paula Freitas , Tischer Bruna , de Cassia de Souza Schneider Rosana , Teichmann Aline , Santos Roberta Oliveira , Helfer Gilson Augusto , da Costa Adilson Ben 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the application of infrared spectroscopy with multivariate calibration methods for at‐line monitoring of the degradation of soybean oil in industrial frying processes by determining when the acidity index and total polar materials (TPM). The infrared spectra (650–3,200 cm−1) were acquired using the attenuated total reflection accessory (ATR‐FTIR), with a resolution of 4 cm−1, and 16 scans. Partial least‐squares regression (PLS) models were evaluated for individual and simultaneous determination, and results were compared with reference methods. The individual calibration model showed standard error of prediction values of 0.09% (w/w) and 1.6% (w/w) for the acidity index and TPM, respectively. The simultaneous determination of the acidity index and TPM showed SEP values of 0.17% (w/w) and 1.6% (w/w), respectively. The results demonstrate that infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate calibration techniques can be servant used in routine soybean oil quality control in industrial frying processes.Practical applicationsFoods prepared by the frying process are strongly influenced by the oil used in the process, since the product tends to absorb part of the oil during its cooking. This oil when used for a long period and exposed to high temperatures, end up suffering oxidation reactions, and can greatly reduce your shelf life. In this way the industries that use these processes for the manufacture of their products, apply a series of chemical analyzes in order to validate the quality of the oil used, these analyzes use a high amount of solvents and time. As an alternative to the use of these traditional analyzes, methods have been developed through the use of infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis tools, for the creation of partial least squares calibration models for the prediction of quality parameters of oils used in frying.