bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary intestinal‐type adenocarcinoma of the oral tongue: Case report and review of histologic origin and oncologic management
Authors: Berg Jenna , Manosalva Rodolfo E. , Coughlin Andrew , Su Yungpo Bernard , Huang Tien‐Shew , Gentry John 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrimary intestinal‐type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) of the oral tongue is an extremely uncommon malignancy with only 3 cases reported in the literature. This high‐grade malignancy originates from metaplasia of minor salivary glands.MethodsA 40‐year‐old man presented with a gradually enlarging midline oral tongue mass, odynophagia, and dysphagia. Management included a median lingual glossectomy, bilateral neck dissections, and adjuvant chemoradiation with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). Additional chemotherapy with folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) was given to mimic therapy in colonic adenocarcinomas.ResultsThirteen months after surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, there is no evidence of locoregional or distant disease. His diet and speech have normalized after reconstruction without free tissue transfer.ConclusionWe report the fourth case of oral tongue ITAC, and present the first histologic evidence of metaplasia of oral cavity salivary epithelium. We also discuss adjuvant therapy recommendations given the lack of clarity for treatment of this rare disease.
Effect of cell‐phone radiofrequency on angiogenesis and cell invasion in human head and neck cancer cells
Authors: Alahmad Yaman M. , Aljaber Mohammed , Saleh Alaaeldin I. , Yalcin Huseyin C. , Aboulkassim Tahar , Yasmeen Amber , Batist Gerald , Moustafa Ala‐Eddin Al 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundToday, the cell phone is the most widespread technology globally. However, the outcome of cell‐phone radiofrequency on head and neck cancer progression has not yet been explored.MethodsThe chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and human head and neck cancer cell lines, FaDu and SCC25, were used to explore the outcome of cell‐phone radiofrequency on angiogenesis, cell invasion, and colony formation of head and neck cancer cells, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the impact of the cell phone on the regulation of E‐cadherin and Erk1/Erk2 genes.ResultsOur data revealed that cell‐phone radiofrequency promotes angiogenesis of the CAM. In addition, the cell phone enhances cell invasion and colony formation of human head and neck cancer cells; this is accompanied by a downregulation of E‐cadherin expression. More significantly, we found that the cell phone can activate Erk1/Erk2 in our experimental models.ConclusionOur investigation reveals that cell‐phone radiofrequency could enhance head and neck cancer by stimulating angiogenesis and cell invasion via Erk1/Erk2 activation.
Oral cancer involving masticator space (T4b): Review of literature and future directions
Authors: Trivedi Nirav P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe oral cancer with masticator‐space involvement is classified as T4b disease. The limited data suggest that the masticator space is a complex anatomic area and tumors with varying degrees of infiltration may have different oncologic outcomes. It is not advisable to group all T4b tumors as one and consider them for palliative‐intent treatment. A group of patients with limited spread (infra‐notch) has potential for good outcome. These cancers can be considered for downstaging to T4a classification based on best available data and clinical considerations. The radical surgical resection remains the mainstay of curative‐intent treatment and the ability to achieve negative margins at the skull base remains the most important prognostic factor. The alternative approaches to either increase radicality of surgery or to downsize the tumor with neoadjuvant therapies have shown encouraging trends but larger, well designed, and prospective studies will be needed to make meaningful conclusions. It is important to rationalize and form common ground for further research.
Free jejunal flap transfer with multiple vascular pedicles for safe and reliable pharyngoesophageal reconstruction
Authors: Kurita Tomoyuki , Kubo Tateki , Tashima Hiroki , Fujii Takashi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn pharyngoesophageal reconstruction, we transferred a long jejunum flap containing multiple pedicles to achieve a 100% flap survival rate, and used the redundant mesentery to cover important tissues and fill in the dead space to reduce common postoperative complications, such as surgical site infections and fistula formation.MethodsA total of 243 jejunal flap transfers with multiple vascular anastomoses were reviewed to examine flap survival and rates of early postoperative complications, such as surgical site infections and fistula formation, perioperative mortality, and donor site morbidity.ResultsAll 243 jejunal flaps survived without any partial necrosis. The surgical site infections occurred in 15 cases (6.2%) and fistula formation in 9 cases (3.7%). The perioperative mortality rate was 0.4%. There were 7 cases (2.9%) with donor site morbidity.ConclusionAlthough our procedure requires extra operating time for additional vessel anastomoses, it could be performed safely and reliably with a high success rate.
Pretreatment risk stratification of feeding tube use in patients treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Anderson Nigel J. , Jackson James E. , Smith Jennifer G. , Wada Morikatsu , Schneider Michal , Poulsen Michael , Rolfo Maureen , Fahandej Maziar , Gan Hui , Joon Daryl Lim , Khoo Vincent 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to establish a risk stratification model for feeding tube use in patients who undergo intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancers.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐nine patients treated with definitive IMRT (+/‐ concurrent chemotherapy) for head and neck mucosal cancers were included in this study. Patients were recommended a prophylactic feeding tube and followed up by a dietician for at least 8 weeks postradiotherapy (post‐RT). Potential prognostic factors were analyzed for risk and duration of feeding tube use for at least 25% of dietary requirements.ResultsMany variables had significant effects on risk and/or duration of feeding tube use in univariate analyses. Subsequent multivariable analysis showed that T classification ≥3 and level 2 lymphadenopathy were the best independent significant predictors of higher risk and duration of feeding tube use, respectively, in oral cavity, pharyngeal, and supraglottic primaries.ConclusionIn patients treated with definitive IMRT, T classification ≥3 and level 2 lymphadenopathy can potentially stratify patients into 4 risk groups for developing severe dysphagia requiring feeding tube use.
Age‐related differences in health‐related quality of life among thyroid cancer survivors compared with a normative sample: Results from the PROFILES Registry
Authors: Mols Floortje , Schoormans Dounya , Smit Jan W. A. , Netea‐Maier Romana T. , Links Thera P. , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , Husson Olga 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare general health‐related quality of life (HR‐QOL) of thyroid cancer survivors with a normative sample stratified by age at diagnosis (adolescents and young adults 18‐35 years; middle‐aged adults 36‐64 years; elderly 65‐84 years), and to compare general HR‐QOL and disease‐specific symptoms among adolescents and young adults, middle‐aged adults, and elderly thyroid cancer survivors in an exploratory population‐based cross‐sectional study.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer between 1990 and 2008, who were registered in the Eindhoven Cancer Registry, received a survey. Our final sample included 293 thyroid cancer survivors.ResultsCompared with a normative sample, adolescents and young adult thyroid cancer survivors showed statistically significant and clinically meaningfully worse physical, role, cognitive, and social functioning, and more fatigue and financial problems. Adolescents and young adult thyroid cancer survivors scored statistically significant and clinically meaningfully better on physical functioning and interest in sex compared with the elderly and had less sympathetic and throat/mouth problems compared with middle‐aged adults.ConclusionThyroid cancer seems to have a greater impact on younger than older thyroid cancer survivors and the lower HR‐QOL in older compared to younger thyroid cancer survivors is probably caused mostly by their age and not the cancer.
Prosody, Pacing, and Situational Fluency (or Why Fluency Matters for Older Readers)
Authors: Kuhn Melanie R. , Schwanenflugel Paula J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis commentary challenges the traditional, narrow definition of reading fluency. As part of this reconceptualization, the authors consider the role of stamina, content, and vocabulary in fluent reading. They look at prosody, silent reading, oral reading, and challenging texts (both fiction and informational). Finally, the authors discuss the role that fluency can play in upper grades and how educators can aid its development for older readers.
Understanding diagnostic safety in emergency medicine: A case‐by‐case review of closed ED malpractice claims
Authors: Lemoine Nancy , Dajer Antonio , Konwinski Joseph , Cavanaugh Dianne , Besthoff Catherine , Singh Hardeep 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe report Improving Diagnosis in Health Care calls for collaboration between professional liability insurance carriers and health care providers to identify opportunities to improve diagnostic performance. We used this collaborative approach and involved risk management/patient safety professionals and emergency medicine physician reviewers to analyze diagnosis‐related emergency medicine closed claims from a large malpractice insurer. Our aim was to identify opportunities for risk reduction and to develop an approach for improving at‐risk processes. Analysis of these cases revealed several missed opportunities in the diagnostic process. A collaborative approach offered greater insight into diagnosis process failures that may not have been evident if cases were reviewed in silos. Focused review findings led to a multidisciplinary improvement collaborative to develop clinical guidelines for improving at‐risk practices and informed a simulation‐based training initiative.
Electrical storm in an infant with short‐coupled variant of torsade de pointes
Authors: Kise Hiroaki , Ohno Seiko , Kono Yosuke , Yoshizawa Masashi , Harama Daisuke , Okafuji Asami , Toda Takako , Koizumi Keiichi , Hoshiai Minako , Sugita Kanji , Horie Minoru 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA 10‐month‐old infant experienced cardiac arrest caused by ventricular fibrillation (VF). His electrocardiogram (ECG) at rest was within the normal range. Amiodarone was indispensable due to its refractoriness to defibrillation. After implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation, ICD shock was delivered. ICD recordings documented VF and ventricular tachycardia (VT) triggered by premature ventricular contractions with an extremely short coupling interval (240 ms), which were controlled by verapamil. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first infant with ScTdP. As the electrical storm with ScTdP occurs unpredictably, it can be a cause of sudden infant death syndrome.
Clinical periodontal status and inflammatory cytokines in primary Sjögren syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Özçaka Özgün , Alpöz Esin , Nalbantsoy Ayşe , Karabulut Gonca , Kabasakal Yasemin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study is to compare the clinical periodontal findings as well as gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β), interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) and caspase‐1 in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) subjects.MethodsIn the present case control study plasma and GCF samples were collected, full‐mouth recordings comprising plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD) were performed in 44 subjects with pSS, 39 subjects with RA and 30 systemically healthy subjects. Plasma and GCF TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IFN‐gamma and caspase‐1 levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThere were no differences in GCF and plasma levels of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α in all the study groups (p > 0.05). GCF levels of IL‐1β were higher in pSS group than healthy group (p = 0.035). Caspase‐1 GCF levels were significantly higher in pSS group than RA group (p = 0.032). Highest plasma IL‐1β levels were detected in pSS compared to RA and healthy groups (p < 0.001). Healthy group has higher caspase‐1 plasma levels than pSS and RA groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results of the present study reveal that the periodontal status of patients with pSS does not differ from systemically healthy subjects. Further studies involving longitudinal assessments on larger populations with standardized patient inclusion criteria are needed to confirm the findings.
Effect of dietary α‐ketoglutarate and allicin supplementation on the composition and diversity of the cecal microbial community in growing pigs
Authors: Liu Shaojuan , He Liuqin , Jiang Qian , Duraipandiyan Veeramuthu , Al‐Dhabi Naif A , Liu Gang , Yao Kang , Yin Yulong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe search for substitutes for antibiotics has recently become urgent. In our previous work, dietary α‐ketoglutarate (AKG) combined with allicin improved growth performance and enhanced immunity in growing pigs, whereas the effects on them of intestinal microbiota were unclear. Here, we further investigate the effects of dietary AKG and allicin supplementation on the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota in growing pigs.RESULTSTreatment with a combination of AKG and allicin enhanced cecal bacteria richness and diversity, as evidenced by changes in Chao 1, ACE, Shannon, and Simpson values when compared to the control group and antibiotics group. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the two most abundant phyla. Treatment with a combination of AKG and allicin increased the numbers of Firmicutes and reduced the numbers of Bacteroidetes. Prevotella was the most abundant genus; it was increased by treatment with a combination of AKG and allicin. Furthermore, compared with the antibiotic group, the level of acetate was increased in the AKG group with or without allicin. Treatment with a combination of AKG and allicin increased the levels of cecal butyrate and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) when compared with the control group in growing pigs.CONCLUSIONDietary 1.0% AKG combined with 0.5% allicin improved cecal microbial composition and diversity, which might further promote VFA metabolism in growing pigs. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Photoactivation of Extracellular‐Signal‐Regulated Kinase Signaling in Target Cells by Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Wang Shaoyang , Liu Yaohui , Zhang Dapeng , Chen Shih‐chi , Kong Siu‐Kai , Hu Minglie , Cao Youjia , He Hao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOptogenetics employs light to manipulate cellular events such as activation of molecular channels, signaling molecules, and gene transcription, by transfection with engineered light‐sensitive proteins. In the last decade, great progresses in life science have been made by optogenetics, but the gene transfection limits its further medical applications. In this study, it is reported that a short flash of femtosecond‐laser stimulation can directly activate extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), an essential signaling pathway, in target cells, without any optogenetic technology. This all‐optical approach can be easily accomplished by a two‐photon or confocal microscope coupled with a femtosecond laser. The photostimulation can initiate immediate ERK translocation into nucleus and exit back to cytosol. The nuclear ERK level can be regulated by combination of multiple photostimulations. Subsequent up‐regulation of phosphorylated endogenous eIF4E indicates successful activation of the ERK signaling pathway. Occasionally, ERK activation in the surrounding cells of the stimulation is observed. Some key signaling cascades in the ERK2 pathway activated by photostimulation is further clarified. Altogether, this all‐optical method can activate ERK without any exogenous chemicals or proteins and thus be with promissing potential for related research.
Optical signature of nerve tissue—Exploratory ex vivo study comparing optical, histological, and molecular characteristics of different adipose and nerve tissues
Authors: Balthasar Andrea J.R. , Bydlon Torre M. , Ippel Hans , van der Voort Marjolein , Hendriks Benno H.W. , Lucassen Gerald W. , van Geffen Geert‐Jan , van Kleef Maarten , van Dijk Paul , Lataster Arno 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundDuring several anesthesiological procedures, needles are inserted through the skin of a patient to target nerves. In most cases, the needle traverses several tissues—skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels—to reach the target nerve. A clear identification of the target nerve can improve the success of the nerve block and reduce the rate of complications. This may be accomplished with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) which can provide a quantitative measure of the tissue composition. The goal of the current study was to further explore the morphological, biological, chemical, and optical characteristics of the tissues encountered during needle insertion to improve future DRS classification algorithms.MethodsTo compare characteristics of nerve tissue (sciatic nerve) and adipose tissues, the following techniques were used: histology, DRS, absorption spectrophotometry, high‐resolution magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR‐MAS NMR) spectroscopy, and solution 2D 13C‐1H heteronuclear single‐quantum coherence spectroscopy. Tissues from five human freshly frozen cadavers were examined.ResultsHistology clearly highlights a higher density of cellular nuclei, collagen, and cytoplasm in fascicular nerve tissue (IFAS). IFAS showed lower absorption of light around 1200 nm and 1750 nm, higher absorption around 1500 nm and 2000 nm, and a shift in the peak observed around 1000 nm. DRS measurements showed a higher water percentage and collagen concentration in IFAS and a lower fat percentage compared to all other tissues. The scattering parameter (b) was highest in IFAS. The HR‐MAS NMR data showed three extra chemical peak shifts in IFAS tissue.ConclusionCollagen, water, and cellular nuclei concentration are clearly different between nerve fascicular tissue and other adipose tissue and explain some of the differences observed in the optical absorption, DRS, and HR‐NMR spectra of these tissues. Some differences observed between fascicular nerve tissue and adipose tissues cannot yet be explained but may be helpful in improving the discriminatory capabilities of DRS in anesthesiology procedures. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:948–960, 2018. © 2018 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuroimaging abnormalities in individuals exhibiting Parkinson's disease risk markers
Authors: Heldmann Marcus , Heeren Janna , Klein Christine , Rauch Linus , Hagenah Johann , Münte Thomas F. , Kasten Meike , Brüggemann Norbert 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground: The concept of prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD) involves variable combinations of nonmotor features and subtle motor abnormalities as a result of ongoing neurodegeneration in the brain stem including substantia nigra (SN) and abnormal findings upon transcranial sonography and nuclear imaging. Except for nuclear imaging, the predictive value of risk markers for the conversion to overt PD is low.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether PD risk markers are associated with changes in brain structure and to what extent cognitive changes are risk markers for PD.Methods: Diffusion‐weighted imaging, voxel‐based morphometry, and cortical thickness analysis was performed in 29 individuals with hyposmia and/or an increased SN hyperechogenicity (SN+) upon transcranial sonography and 28 controls without these 2 risk markers. Classical parkinsonian signs were an exclusion criterion. All of the participants underwent a neuropsychological test battery addressing executive functions, learning ability, and verbal fluency.Results: In the PD risk group, diffusion‐weighted imaging mean diffusivity was increased in 4 left hemisphere clusters (posterior thalamus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, fornix, corticospinal tract). A negative relationship of mean diffusivity and smell function was present for the posterior thalamus and the corticospinal tract. There was a significant correlation of mean diffusivity values and SN+ in all clusters. Neither voxel‐based morphometry nor cortical thickness analysis revealed any group differences. No relevant group differences were observed for cognitive tests included.Conclusion: PD‐free individuals with PD risk markers show microstructural changes of the white matter, including areas relevant for motor and limbic processes. In addition, our study provides for the first time a neuroanatomical correlate for SN hyperechogenicity. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Inhaling xenon ameliorates l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia in experimental parkinsonism
Authors: Baufreton Jérôme , Milekovic Tomislav , Li Qin , McGuire Steve , Moraud Eduardo Martin , Porras Grégory , Sun Shiqi , Ko Wai Kin D. , Chazalon Marine , Morin Stéphanie , Normand Elisabeth , Farjot Géraldine , Milet Aude , Pype Jan , Pioli Elsa , Courtine Gregoire , Bessière Baptiste , Bezard Erwan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractParkinson's disease motor symptoms are treated with levodopa, but long‐term treatment leads to disabling dyskinesia. Altered synaptic transmission and maladaptive plasticity of corticostriatal glutamatergic projections play a critical role in the pathophysiology of dyskinesia. Because the noble gas xenon inhibits excitatory glutamatergic signaling, primarily through allosteric antagonism of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors, we aimed to test its putative antidyskinetic capabilities. We first studied the direct effect of xenon gas exposure on corticostriatal plasticity in a murine model of levodopa‐induced dyskinesia We then studied the impact of xenon inhalation on behavioral dyskinetic manifestations in the gold‐standard rat and primate models of PD and levodopa‐induced dyskinesia. Last, we studied the effect of xenon inhalation on axial gait and posture deficits in a primate model of PD with levodopa‐induced dyskinesia. This study shows that xenon gas exposure (1) normalized synaptic transmission and reversed maladaptive plasticity of corticostriatal glutamatergic projections associated with levodopa‐induced dyskinesia, (2) ameliorated dyskinesia in rat and nonhuman primate models of PD and dyskinesia, and (3) improved gait performance in a nonhuman primate model of PD. These results pave the way for clinical testing of this unconventional but safe approach. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.