bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Legacy of 1987 Boreali v. Axelrod: Board of Health Rule-Making Under Siege
Authors: Perl Sarah B. , Merrill Thomas G. , Lopez Wilfredo , Bassett Mary T. 
Published: November 2018

We explore how a 1987 New York State court decision—Boreali v. Axelrod—affected public health rule-making nationally and, with considerable impact, locally in New York City (NYC). We discuss the history of the origin of the NYC Board of Health (BOH), and establish that legislatures can be challenging venues in which to enact public health–related laws. We describe how, as the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene began to tackle modern public health problems (e.g., chronic diseases caused by food and tobacco), the regulatory power of its BOH was challenged. In an era when industry funds political causes and candidates, the weakening of the independence of rule-making boards of health, such as the NYC BOH, might result in illness and death.
Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening
Authors: Maldonado David R. , Lall Ajay C. , Battaglia Muriel R. , Laseter Joseph R. , Chen Jeffrey W. , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Iliopsoas fractional lengthening (IFL) is performed on patients with symptomatic internal snapping. This condition is defined as painful and sometimes audible snapping of the iliopsoas (IP) tendon over the femoral head or iliopectineal line. Arthroscopic IFL is performed if the snapping is unresponsive to conservative treatment
1,2
.

Description:
Hip arthroscopy is performed with the patient in the supine position on a traction table. The portals used to access the joint capsule include standard anterolateral, mid-anterior, and distal anterolateral accessory (DALA) portals
3
. With a 70° arthroscope, diagnostic arthroscopy is conducted to assess the quality of labral tissue, acetabular and femoral cartilage surfaces, and the ligamentum teres. When indicated, supplementary procedures, such as acetabuloplasty, labral repair, or labral reconstruction
4
, are performed prior to IFL. With traction still applied, IFL is then performed from the central compartment at the level of the joint line. Exposure of the IP tendon is achieved with the use of a curved blade to extend the capsulotomy medially over the 3 o’clock position (right hip). Once the tendon can be appropriately visualized, a progressive and complete transverse cut is made in the tendinous portion, taking care to avoid the muscular portion. During this process, the anterolateral and mid-anterior portals serve as visualization and working portals, respectively
5
.

Alternatives:
Prior to arthroscopic IFL for painful internal snapping, nonsurgical options
6,7
may include (1) physical therapy programs, (2) activity modification, (3) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or (4) ultrasound-guided cortisone injections.
Effects of Sulfur and Calcium Source on pH, Anthracnose Severity, and Microdochium Patch Management on Annual Bluegrass in Western Oregon
Authors: McDonald B. , Mattox C. , Gould M. , Kowalewski A. 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Increasing sulfur application rates reduced the number of fungicide applications required to manage Microdochium patch.
Increasing sulfur application rates increased anthracnose severity.
Calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and calcium phosphate did not have an effect on Microdochium patch or anthracnose severity.
A Comparison of Soil Texture‐by‐Feel Estimates: Implications for the Citizen Soil Scientist
Authors: Salley Shawn W. , Herrick Jeffrey E. , Holmes Caitlin V. , Karl Jason W. , Levi Matthew R. , McCord Sarah E. , van der Waal Cornelis , Van Zee Justin W. 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Soil scientists estimate soil texture class with higher accuracy then previously reported in the literature.
Seasonal field scientists and citizen scientists estimate texture‐by‐feel with similar accuracy to university students with limited training.
When novice observers misclassify texture class, it is more likely because of errors in estimating ribbon length than estimating grittiness.
Estimating soil texture is a fundamental practice universally applied by soil scientists to classify and understand the behavior, health, and management of soil systems. While the accuracy of both the soil texture class and the estimates of the percentage of sand and clay is generally accepted when completed by trained soil scientists, similar estimates by “citizen scientists” or less experienced seasonal resource scientists are often questioned. We compared soil texture classes determined by texture‐by‐feel and laboratory analyses for two groups: professional soil scientists who contributed to the USDA‐NRCS National Soil Characterization Database and seasonal field technicians working on rangeland inventory and assessment programs in the Western United States and Namibia. Texture accuracy was compared using a confusion matrix to evaluate classification accuracy based on the assumption that laboratory measurements were correct. Our results show that the professional soil scientists predicted the laboratory‐determined texture class for 66% of the samples. Accuracy for seasonal field technicians was between 27 and 41%. When a “correct” prediction was defined to include texture classes adjacent to the laboratory‐determined texture based on a standard USDA texture triangle, accuracy increased to 91% for professionals and 71 to 78% for seasonal field technicians. These findings highlight the need to improve options for increasing the accuracy of field‐textured estimates for all soil texture observers, with relevance to career soil scientists, seasonal technicians, and citizen scientists. Opportunities for improving soil texture accuracy include training, calibration, and decision support tools that go beyond simple dichotomous keys.
Localized Sulfide Oxidation Limited by Oxygen Supply in a Full‐Scale Waste‐Rock Pile
Authors: Vriens Bas , Arnault Mélanie St. , Laurenzi Laura , Smith Leslie , Mayer K. Ulrich , Beckie Roger D. 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
An operational, full‐scale waste‐rock pile was geochemically characterized.
Multiyear experimental data were collected on the evolution of pore‐gas composition in the pile.
Sulfide oxidation rates were determined on practice‐relevant spatial scales.
Major gas‐transport mechanisms and sulfide weathering rate controls were assessed based on experimental evidence.
Open‐pit mines produce large amounts of waste rock that is placed on‐site, often in tall, mixed‐composition piles. These waste‐rock piles pose environmental risks because their weathering (i.e., sulfide oxidation) may generate acidic and metal‐laden drainage. However, the reaction and transport limitations controlling sulfide oxidation remain poorly described at field scales. Here, we present comprehensive multiyear data from two instrumented boreholes in an operational waste‐rock pile at the Antamina mine in Peru. Localized but significant (∼20 m) sections of reactive waste rock with up to 20% (w/w) sulfide existed at depths of up to 100 m in the pile, and their oxidation with rates of up to 1 × 10−7 kg S m−3 s−1 completely consumed pore‐gas O2 and generated temperatures >40°C. Using mass‐transport calculations, we show that advective rather than diffusive O2 ingress controlled the sulfide oxidation rates in reactive regions of the waste‐rock pile. Sulfide weathering rates in the less reactive zones of the pile were not limited by O2 ingress, independent of the gas transport mechanism, with the exception of fine‐grained waste rock at or near complete water saturation. Our results demonstrate the pronounced effects of physical and mineralogical heterogeneity on O2 supply to waste‐rock piles and controls of gas transport on waste‐rock weathering rates.
Vascular Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance in Aging
Authors: Baranowska-Bik Agnieszka , Bik Wojciech 
Published: November 2018

:
Insulin was discovered in 1922 by Banting and Best. Since that time, extensive research on
the mechanisms of insulin activity and action has continued. Currently, it is known that the role of insulin
is much greater than simply regulating carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin in physiological concentration
is also necessary to maintain normal vascular function.

:
Insulin resistance is defined as a pathological condition characterized by reduced sensitivity of skeletal
muscles, liver, and adipose tissue, to insulin and its downstream metabolic effects under normal serum
glucose concentrations. There are also selective forms of insulin resistance with unique features, including
vascular insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, both classical and vascular, contributes to vascular
impairment resulting in increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, in the elderly population,
additional factors including redistribution of fat concentrations, low-grade inflammation, and decreased
self-repair capacity [or cell senescence] amplify the vascular abnormalities related to insulin resistance.
Pycnogenol Protects against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Oxidative Stress and Seizures in Mice
Authors: Goel Radha , Saxena Prasoon 
Published: November 2018

Background:Epilepsy is one of the most common and severe brain disorders in the world, characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures due to an imbalance between cerebral excitability and inhibition. Oxidative stress is a biochemical state in which reactive oxygen species are generated and associated with various diseases including epilepsy. Pycnogenol, a polyphenol obtained from the pine tree and has antioxidant & anti-inflammatory activity. So, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Pycnogenol on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice.Methods:The mice of swiss strain each weighing 18-30g were used. Pycnogenol (50&100mg/kg) was suspended in carboxymethyl cellulose in saline and administered orally. Diazepam (1mg/kg, i.p) was used as a standard drug. The anticonvulsant effects of the drugs were measured using PTZ and cognitive behaviour was also assessed. The biochemical estimation was done by measuring Thiobarbituric acid, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, and reduced glutathione followed by the histopathological study.Result:Pycnogenol 50 & 100mg/kg showed a significant increase in latency to PTZ-induced seizures, decrease in duration and frequency of convulsions compared to control animals; however, the effects were dose-dependent and were more significant at a higher dose. No impairment in cognitive functions like memory and muscle relaxant was observed following pycnogenol 50 & 100 mg/kg. The effect of Pycnogenol on biochemical parameter was found to be significant. It significantly (p<0.01) decreases the level of TBARS and increases the levels of SOD, catalase, and GSH in the brain tissue. The histopathological evaluation showed less neuronal degeneration in the brain due to PTZ-induced seizures in comparison to control group.Conclusion:Thus pycnogenol has a protective approach towards convulsion and can be included as an adjuvant therapy with antiepileptic drugs.
Topical Nano-emulgel for Skin Disorders: Formulation Approach and Characterization
Authors: Ahmad Javed , Gautam Anuj , Komath Shahadali , Bano Mehdiya , Garg Anuj , Jain Keerti 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease that affects around
9.4% (approx. 650 million people) of the global population. Growing research in the field of
nanomedicine over the years has now been exploited in management of various human disorders.
The nanomedicine concept has an immense opportunity for the effective management
and control of acne disease by designing a novel, low-dose topical delivery system. Topical
nanoemulsion-based gel preparations are said to have various benefits over the conventional
formulations. The recent patents on topical anti-acne formulation (US 7241456B2; US
6897238B2; US 6284234B1) provided the concept to design thymol loaded nano-emulgel
for topical application in acne.

Methods:
The objective of the current investigation was to design a thymol loaded nanoemulgel
preparation by exploiting low-energy emulsification method for topical application
in acne. Furthermore, developed formulation was characterized for thermodynamic stability,
mean droplet size, zeta potential, drug content and in-vitro drug diffusion study.

Results:
The optimized thymol loaded nanoemulsion was found to be 13.60±0.117 nm with
PdI 0.197±0.008. Nanoemulsions will provide an enormous surface area for better penetration
of therapeutic agent into the pilosebaceous region, resulting better efficacy.

Conclusion:
From the above studies, it concluded that aqueous-based gel vehicle of the
developed formulation system exploited for topical delivery has moisturising properties
which can improve local tolerability also.
Single-chain Antibody Against Reg4 Suppresses Gastric Cancer Cell Growth and Enhances 5-FU-induced Cell Death in vitro
Authors: Zhang Xue-Qing , Yu Lu-Ting , Du Pei , Yin Tian-Qi , Zhang Zhi-Yuan , Xu Ying , Li Xiang , Li You-Jie , Wang Min , Luo Chen 
Published: November 2018

Background:Regenerating islet-derived gene family member 4 (Reg4), a well-investigated growth factor in the regenerative pancreas, has recently been reported to be highly associated with a majority of gastrointestinal cancers. Pathological hyper-expression or artificial over-expression of Reg4 causes acceleration of tumor growth, migration, and resistance to chemotherapeutic 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Until now, no method has been successfully established for eliminating the effects of Reg4 protein.Methods:This study reports the production of an engineered immunoglobin, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv-Reg4), to specifically bind Reg4 and block the bioactivity. The complementary-determining regions (CDRs) against Reg4 were assigned using MOE and ZDOCK servers. The binding affinity (KD) was determined by bio-layer interferometry (BLI). MKN45 and AGS cell proliferation was determined by Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry assay.Results:The KD of scFv-Reg4 to Reg4 was determined to be 1.91×10-8. In MKN45 and AGS cell lines, scFv- Reg4 depressed Reg4-stimulated cell proliferation and the inhibitory rates were 27.7±1.5% and 17.3±2.6%, respectively. Furthermore, scFv significantly enhanced 5-FU-induced cell death, from 23.0±1.0% to 28.4±1.2% in MKN45 and 28.2±0.7% to 36.6±0.6% in AGS cells. Treatment with scFv alone could lyse cancer cells to a certain extent, but no significance has been observed.Conclusion:The single-chain antibody (scFv-Reg4) significantly inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and synergistically enhanced the lethal effect of 5-FU. Thus, traditional chemo-/radio- therapeutics supplemented with scFv-Reg4 may provide advances in the strategy for gastrointestinal cancer treatment.
Novel Benzo[B]Furans with Anti-Microtubule Activity Upregulate Expression of Apoptotic Genes and Arrest Leukemia Cells in G2/M Phase
Authors: Królewska-Golińska Karolina , Cieślak Marcin J. , Sobczak Milena , Dolot Rafał , Radzikowska-Cieciura Ewa , Napiórkowska Mariola , Wybrańska Iwona , Nawrot Barbara 
Published: November 2018

Background:Novel derivatives of benzo[b]furan were found to be highly toxic towards human chronic myelogenous (K562), acute myelogenous (HL-60) and acute lymphoblastic (MOLT-4) leukemia cells.Objective:The objective was the characterization of the biological activity of novel benzofurans (influence on apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinases and on the cell cycle). Cellular protein(s) targeted by test benzofurans and mechanism of action were identified.Methods:The methods utilized in the study were chemical synthesis, fluorescence assays, flow cytometry, gene expression by DNA microarray and real-time RT-PCR, western blotting, cytotoxicity assays, pull-down assay, mass spectroscopy, in vitro polymerization of tubulin, molecular docking.Results:1,1'-[3-(bromomethyl)-5,6- dimethoxy-1-benzofuran-2,7-diyldiethanone (1) and methyl 4-bromo-6- (dibromoacetyl)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylate (2) induced apoptosis in K562 and MOLT-4 cells. The profiling of gene expression revealed that 1 and 2 increased the expression of proapoptotic genes involved in both receptor (TNFRSF 10A, TNFRSF 10B, CASP8) and mitochondrial (BAX, BID, NOXA, APAF1) pathways of apoptosis. Test benzo[b]furans activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase in K562 cells. Tubulin was identified as a protein target for benzo[b]furans in pull-down experiments with biotinylated 2. Test benzo[b]furans inhibited polymerization of tubulin monomers in vitro, decreased the level of cellular microtubules and arrested cells in a G2/M phase. Molecular docking suggests that benzo[b]furans 1 and 2 bind to tubulin via colchicine binding pocket and the complex is stabilized mainly by hydrophobic interactions.Conclusion:Novel benzo[b]furans with anti-microtubule activity were identified. They induce apoptosis in cancer cells and cause G2/M cell cycle arrest. Biological activity of 1 and 2 makes them potential lead compounds for development as anticancer drugs.
Biodistribution, Safety and Organ Toxicity of Docetaxel-Loaded in HER-2 Aptamer Conjugated Ecoflex® Nanoparticles in a Mouse Xenograft Model of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ghassami Erfaneh , Varshosaz Jaleh , Minaiyan Mohsen , Nasirikenari Mehrab , Hoseini Seyed M. 
Published: November 2018

Background:Docetaxel is a notably efficient anticancer drug administered for several types of malignancies including ovarian cancer. However, various side effects caused either by the nonspecific distribution of the active ingredient or by high contents of Tween 80 and ethanol in the currently marketed formulations, could even deprive the patients of the treatment.Objectives:In the current study, a novel targeted delivery system composed of Ecoflex® polymeric nanoparticles loaded with docetaxel and equipped with HER-2 specific aptamer molecules was evaluated regarding blood and tissue toxicity, and biodistribution.Method:The tumor-bearing nude mice, achieved by subcutaneous injection of SKOV-3 cells, were divided into four groups treated with normal saline, Taxotere®, targeted docetaxel nanoparticles, and non-targeted docetaxel nanoparticles. Few patents were alos cied in the article.Results:According to the results of hematologic evaluations, almost all hematologic parameters were in normal range with no significant difference among the four groups. Histopathological studies revealed that treatment with targeted nanoparticles caused a remarkable reduction in mitosis in tumor sections and overall reduced organ toxicity compared with Taxotere®. The only exception was spleen in which more damage was caused by the nanoparticles. The results of the biodistribution study were also in accordance with pathological assessments, with significantly lower drug concentration in non-tumor tissues, except for spleen, when targeted nanoparticles were used compared with Taxotere®.Conclusion:These results could evidence the efficiency of the targeted delivery system in concentrating the drug cargo mostly in its site of action leading to the elimination of its adverse effects caused by exposure of other tissues to the cytotoxic agent.
Operation Scenario and Coordination Control of DC Grid with DC-DC Converters
Authors: Wang Meiyan , Li Ke-Jun , Sun Kaiqi , Liu Zhijie 
Published: November 2018

Background:
With the increasing development of voltage source converter based high
voltage direct current (HVDC), it will become a reality to interconnect different DC networks into
DC grid with DC-DC converters.

Methods:
In this paper, three operation scenarios for the DC grid with DC-DC converters are proposed,
by which the DC networks can reinforce each other with relative independence. In order to
achieve the flexible switching of the proposed scenarios, the DC-DC combined control and principle
of parameter selection are presented. In addition, two coordination controls for different scenarios are
given to optimize the distribution of unbalanced power when the disturbances occur in the grid. With
the proposed scenarios and control strategy, the impacts caused by the disturbances are alleviated and
the uninterrupted operation of the grid is guaranteed.

Results:
A simulation model is established on the PSCAD/EMTDC and the simulation results verify
the effectiveness of the proposed operation scenarios and control strategy.

Conclusion:
Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed operation scenarios and control strategy is verified
by the simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC.
Pueblo, populismo y democracia
Authors: Oyarzún R. Pablo 
Published: November 2018

En lo que sigue intentaré una aproximación a lo que el título de este coloquio llama “dos conceptos tensos”, al tiempo que los resguarda con la debida prudencia (o quizá los expone con dejo de ironía) entre comillas simples: ‘pueblo’ y ‘populismo’. Dispondré mi aproximación en tres partes. En la primera me referiré a la noción de “pueblo” teniendo a la vista lo que se podría considerar su gramática populista. Luego ensayaré algunas reflexiones sobre la división de campo que el populismo instala con su apelación al “pueblo” o a cualquiera de las otras magnitudes que tengan similar función en su retórica: será, pues, la cuestión del antagonismo, la partición del espacio social y del espacio del poder entre “ellos” y “nosotros”. Por último, en la expectativa de que lo anterior prepare el paso, será cuestión de la democracia como aquello que en última instancia está en juego en el ambiguo desafío del populismo.
KUALITAS HIDUP LANSIA DITINJAU DARI SABAR DAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL
Authors: Sari Devi Maya Puspita , Lestari Canina Yustisia Dwi , Putra Evan Chairul , Nashori Fuad 
Published: November 2018

Elderly is one of development periods characterized by physical, psychological, and social degeneration that can decrease the quality of life. Quality of life can be improved by social support and sabr as a coping strategy to overcome the problems that occur in elderly periods. This research aimed to analyze the correlation between sabr and social support with quality of life of elders in Yogyakarta. The number of subjects is 24 men and 34 women which is chosen by purposive sampling. Data was collected by WHOQOL, patience instrument, and MSPSS. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze multivariate correlation and pearson correlation was used to analyze the bivariate correlation. This suggest that there was a significant positive correlation between sabr, social support and quality of life of elders. In the other words, quality of life can be predicted based on sabr and social support. Keyword : Quality of life, Patience, Social Support, Elderly