bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C Guidance 2018 Update: AASLD-IDSA Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors:   AASLD-IDSA HCV Guidance Panel, Chung Raymond T , Ghany Marc G , Kim Arthur Y , Marks Kristen M , Naggie Susanna , Vargas Hugo E , Aronsohn Andrew I , Bhattacharya Debika , Broder Tina , Falade-Nwulia Oluwaseun O , Fontana Robert J , Gordon Stuart C , Heller Theo , Holmberg Scott D , Jhaveri Ravi , Jonas Maureen M , Kiser Jennifer J , Linas Benjamin P , Lo Re Vincent , Morgan Timothy R , Nahass Ronald G , Peters Marion G , Reddy K Rajender , Reynolds Andrew , Scott John D , Searson Gloria , Swan Tracy , Terrault Norah A , Trooskin Stacey B , Wong John B , Workowski Kimberly A 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecognizing the importance of timely guidance regarding the rapidly evolving field of hepatitis C management, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed a web-based process for the expeditious formulation and dissemination of evidence-based recommendations. Launched in 2014, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) guidance website undergoes periodic updates as necessitated by availability of new therapeutic agents and/or research data. A major update was released electronically in September 2017, prompted primarily by approval of new direct-acting antiviral agents and expansion of the guidance’s scope. This update summarizes the latest release of the HCV guidance and focuses on new or amended recommendations since the previous September 2015 print publication. The recommendations herein were developed by volunteer hepatology and infectious disease experts representing AASLD and IDSA and have been peer reviewed and approved by each society’s governing board.
Sex-specific regulation of collagen I and III expression by 17β-Estradiol in cardiac fibroblasts: role of estrogen receptors
Authors: Dworatzek Elke , Mahmoodzadeh Shokoufeh , Schriever Cindy , Kusumoto Kana , Kramer Lisa , Santos Gabriela , Fliegner Daniela , Leung Yuet-Kin , Ho Shuk-Mei , Zimmermann Wolfram-Hubertus , Lutz Susanne , Regitz-Zagrosek Vera 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsSex differences in cardiac fibrosis point to the regulatory role of 17β-Estradiol (E2) in cardiac fibroblasts (CF). We, therefore, asked whether male and female CF in rodent and human models are differentially susceptible to E2, and whether this is related to sex-specific activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ).Methods and resultsIn female rat CF (rCF), 24 h E2-treatment (10−8  M) led to a significant down-regulation of collagen I and III expression, whereas both collagens were up-regulated in male rCF. E2-induced sex-specific collagen regulation was also detected in human CF, indicating that this regulation is conserved across species. Using specific ERα- and ERβ-agonists (10−7 M) for 24 h, we identified ERα as repressive and ERβ as inducing factor in female and male rCF, respectively. In addition, E2-induced ERα phosphorylation at Ser118 only in female rCF, whereas Ser105 phosphorylation of ERβ was exclusively found in male rCF. Further, in female rCF we found both ER bound to the collagen I and III promoters using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. In contrast, in male rCF only ERβ bound to both promoters. In engineered connective tissues (ECT) from rCF, collagen I and III mRNA were down-regulated in female ECT and up-regulated in male ECT by E2. This was accompanied by an impaired condensation of female ECT, whereas male ECT showed an increased condensation and stiffness upon E2-treatment, analysed by rheological measurements. Finally, we confirmed the E2-effect on both collagens in an in vivo mouse model with ovariectomy for E2 depletion, E2 substitution, and pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction.ConclusionThe mechanism underlying the sex-specific regulation of collagen I and III in the heart appears to involve E2-mediated differential ERα and ERβ signaling in CFs.
Same or different? Abstract relational concept use in juvenile bamboo sharks and Malawi cichlids
Authors: Fuss Theodora , John Leonie , Schluessel Vera 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSorting objects and events into categories and concepts is an important cognitive prerequisite that spares an individual the learning of every object or situation encountered in its daily life. Accordingly, specific items are classified in general groups that allow fast responses to novel situations. The present study assessed whether bamboo sharks Chiloscyllium griseum and Malawi cichlids Pseudotropheus zebra can distinguish sets of stimuli (each stimulus consisting of two abstract, geometric objects) that meet two conceptual preconditions, i.e., (1) “sameness” versus “difference” and (2) a certain spatial arrangement of both objects. In two alternative forced choice experiments, individuals were first trained to choose two different, vertically arranged objects from two different but horizontally arranged ones. Pair discriminations were followed by extensive transfer test experiments. Transfer tests using stimuli consisting of (a) black and gray circles and (b) squares with novel geometric patterns provided conflicting information with respect to the learnt rule “choose two different, vertically arranged objects”, thereby investigating (1) the individuals’ ability to transfer previously gained knowledge to novel stimuli and (2) the abstract relational concept(s) or rule(s) applied to categorize these novel objects. Present results suggest that the level of processing and usage of both abstract concepts differed considerably between bamboo sharks and Malawi cichlids. Bamboo sharks seemed to combine both concepts—although not with equal but hierarchical prominence—pointing to advanced cognitive capabilities. Conversely, Malawi cichlids had difficulties in discriminating between symbols and failed to apply the acquired training knowledge on new sets of geometric and, in particular, gray-level transfer stimuli.
Effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with a non-sex-related CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1
Authors: Coleman Craig I , Turpie Alexander G G , Bunz Thomas J , Eriksson Daniel , Sood Nitesh A , Baker William L 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Aims
To compare the effectiveness and safety of standard-dose rivaroxaban (20 mg o.d.) and warfarin in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with a non-sex-related CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1.

Methods and results
Analysis of United States Truven MarketScan claims from November 2011 to December 2016 for anticoagulant-naïve NVAF patients with a single non-sex-related stroke risk factor assigned 1-point in the CHA2DS2-VASc score and ≥12-months of continuous medical/prescription insurance coverage prior to the qualifying oral anticoagulant dispensing. Standard-dose rivaroxaban users were 1:1 propensity score-matched to warfarin users. Patients were followed until outcome occurrence, insurance disenrollment, or end of data availability. Primary outcomes included stroke or systemic embolism and major bleeding and were compared using Cox regression and reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In all, 3319 rivaroxaban users were 1:1 propensity score-matched to 3319 warfarin users. Median (interquartile range) duration of follow-up was 1.6 (0.7, 2) years and the most common qualifying stroke risk factor was hypertension (n = 4532, 68.3%). Rivaroxaban was associated with a significant reduction in the 1-year stroke or systemic embolism vs. warfarin (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17–0.98), with no significant difference in overall major bleeding (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.44–1.26) or major bleeding subtypes (HR ranging from 0.33 to 0.78, P &gt; 0.05 for all). Similar results were seen after extending follow-up to 2 years.

Conclusions
Rivaroxaban may lower the rate of stroke or systemic embolism vs. warfarin in NVAF patients with a non-sex-related CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1 without impacting major bleeding.
Successful aneurysm resection and coronary artery revascularization following saphenous vein graft aneurysm rupture
Authors: Jawitz Oliver K , Keenan Jeffrey E , Perna Jennifer , Milano Carmelo A 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Saphenous vein graft aneurysms after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have been rarely reported. Their incidence and natural history are poorly defined. Herein, we present a patient who presented acutely with contained rupture of a large saphenous vein graft aneurysm 12 years after CABG, which was successfully managed with open aneurysm resection and regrafting.
Cardio-Oncology Services: rationale, organization, and implementation
Authors: Lancellotti Patrizio , Suter Thomas M , López-Fernández Teresa , Galderisi Maurizio , Lyon Alexander R , Van der Meer Peter , Cohen Solal Alain , Zamorano Jose-Luis , Jerusalem Guy , Moonen Marie , Aboyans Victor , Bax Jeroen J , Asteggiano Riccardo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Aims
Anticancer therapies have extended the lives of millions of patients with malignancies, but for some this benefit is tempered by adverse cardiovascular (CV) effects. Cardiotoxicity may occur early or late after treatment initiation or termination. The extent of this cardiotoxicity is variable, depending on the type of drug used, combination with other drugs, mediastinal radiotherapy, the presence of CV risk factors, and comorbidities. A recent position paper from the European Society of Cardiology addressed the management of CV monitoring and management of patients treated for cancer.

Methods and results
The current document is focused on the basis of the Cardio-Oncology (C-O) Services, presenting their rationale, organization, and implementation. C-O Services address the spectrum of prevention, detection, monitoring, and treatment of cancer patients at risk of cardiotoxicity and/or with concomitant CV diseases. These services require a multidisciplinary approach, with the aims of promoting CV health and facilitating the most effective cancer therapy.

Conclusion
The expected growing volume of patients with cancer at risk of developing/worsening CV disease, the advent of new technological opportunities to refine diagnosis, and the necessity of early recognition of cancer therapy-related toxicity mandate an integrative multidisciplinary approach and care in a specialized environment. This document from the ESC Cardio-Oncology council proposes the grounds for creating C-O Services in Europe based on expert opinion.
Peer-Based Strategies to Support Physical Activity Interventions for Older Adults: A Typology, Conceptual Framework, and Practice Guidelines
Authors: Matz-Costa Christina , Howard Elizabeth P , Castaneda-Sceppa Carmen , Diaz-Valdes Iriarte Antonia , Lachman Margie E 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Despite the documented and well-publicized health and well-being benefits of regular physical activity (PA), low rates of participation have persisted among American older adults. Peer-based intervention strategies may be an important component of PA interventions, yet there is inconsistent and overlapping terminology and a lack of clear frameworks to provide a general understanding of what peer-based programs are exactly and what they aim to accomplish in the current gerontological, health promotion literature. Therefore, a group of researchers from the Boston Roybal Center for Active Lifestyle Interventions (RALI) collaborated on this paper with the goals to: (a) propose a typology of peer-based intervention strategies for use in the PA promotion literature and a variety of modifiable design characteristics, (b) situate peer-based strategies within a broader conceptual framework, and (c) provide practice guidelines for designing, implementing, and reporting peer-based PA programs with older adults. We advance clarity and a common terminology and highlight key decision points that offer guidance for researchers and practitioners in using peers in their health promotions efforts, and anticipate that it will facilitate appropriate selection, application, and reporting of relevant approaches in future research and implementation work.
Both Victim and ‘Perpetrator’: Finding a Voice before Inquiries into Historical Abuse in Out-of-Home Care
Authors: Swain Shurlee 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Inquiries into historical institutional abuse have only recently come to be viewed through the lens of transitional justice. This article argues that their distinctive victim-focused approach disguises a reality that institutions in which violence was endemic blurred the line between victims and ‘perpetrators.’ Earlier inquiries often blamed residents for the prevalence of institutional violence, avoiding accusations that authorities had failed. Contemporary inquiries, intent on exposing institutional failures, draw a dichotomy between victims and perpetrators, but this makes it difficult for a victim/‘perpetrator’ to find a space in which to speak. This article explores the ways in which such people shape their understandings of their dual identity and the challenges which they pose to the unity of survivor advocacy groups in the shift from inquiry to redress. It argues that the existence of victim/‘perpetrator’ should be seen as evidence of institutional failure rather than an indication of individual culpability.
On Nonlinear Profile Decompositions and Scattering for an NLS–ODE Model
Authors: Cuccagna Scipio , Maeda Masaya 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a Hamiltonian system combining a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) and an ordinary differential equation. This system is a simplified model of the NLS around soliton solutions. Following Nakanishi [33], we show scattering of $L^2$ small $H^1$ radial solutions. The proof is based on Nakanishi’s framework and Fermi Golden Rule estimates on $L^4$ in time norms.
Assessing information sources to elucidate diagnostic process errors in radiologic imaging — a human factors framework
Authors: Cochon Laila , Lacson Ronilda , Wang Aijia , Kapoor Neena , Ip Ivan K , Desai Sonali , Kachalia Allen , Dennerlein Jack , Benneyan James , Khorasani Ramin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objective
To assess information sources that may elucidate errors related to radiologic diagnostic imaging, quantify the incidence of potential safety events from each source, and quantify the number of steps involved from diagnostic imaging chain and socio-technical factors.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective, Institutional Review Board-approved study was conducted at the ambulatory healthcare facilities associated with a large academic hospital. Five information sources were evaluated: an electronic safety reporting system (ESRS), alert notification for critical result (ANCR) system, picture archive and communication system (PACS)-based quality assurance (QA) tool, imaging peer-review system, and an imaging computerized physician order entry (CPOE) and scheduling system. Data from these sources (January-December 2015 for ESRS, ANCR, QA tool, and the peer-review system; January-October 2016 for the imaging ordering system) were collected to quantify the incidence of potential safety events. Reviewers classified events by the step(s) in the diagnostic process they could elucidate, and their socio-technical factors contributors per the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework.

Results
Potential safety events ranged from 0.5% to 62.1% of events collected from each source. Each of the information sources contributed to elucidating diagnostic process errors in various steps of the diagnostic imaging chain and contributing socio-technical factors, primarily Person, Tasks, and Tools and Technology.

Discussion
Various information sources can differentially inform understanding diagnostic process errors related to radiologic diagnostic imaging.

Conclusion
Information sources elucidate errors in various steps within the diagnostic imaging workflow and can provide insight into socio-technical factors that impact patient safety in the diagnostic process.
Influence of simulation on electronic health record use patterns among pediatric residents
Authors: Orenstein Evan W , Rasooly Irit R , Mai Mark V , Dziorny Adam C , Phillips Wanczyk , Utidjian Levon , Luberti Anthony , Posner Jill , Tenney-Soeiro Rebecca , Bonafide Chris P 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objective
Electronic health record (EHR) simulation with realistic test patients has improved recognition of safety concerns in test environments. We assessed if simulation affects EHR use patterns in real clinical settings.

Materials and Methods
We created a 1-hour educational intervention of a simulated admission for pediatric interns. Data visualization and information retrieval tools were introduced to facilitate recognition of the patient’s clinical status. Using EHR audit logs, we assessed the frequency with which these tools were accessed by residents prior to simulation exposure (intervention group, pre-simulation), after simulation exposure (intervention group, post-simulation), and among residents who never participated in simulation (control group).

Results
From July 2015 to February 2017, 57 pediatric residents participated in a simulation and 82 did not. Residents were more likely to use the data visualization tool after simulation (73% in post-simulation weeks vs 47% of combined pre-simulation and control weeks, P &lt;. 0001) as well as the information retrieval tool (85% vs 36%, P &lt; .0001). After adjusting for residents’ experiences measured in previously completed inpatient weeks of service, simulation remained a significant predictor of using the data visualization (OR 2.8, CI: 2.1-3.9) and information retrieval tools (OR 3.0, CI: 2.0-4.5). Tool use did not decrease in interrupted time-series analysis over a median of 19 (IQR: 8-32) weeks of post-simulation follow-up.

Discussion
Simulation was associated with persistent changes to EHR use patterns among pediatric residents.

Conclusion
EHR simulation is an effective educational method that can change participants’ use patterns in real clinical settings.
Cross-fostering as a conservation tool to augment endangered carnivore populations
Authors: Gese Eric M , Waddell William T , Terletzky Patricia A , Lucash Chris F , McLellan Scott R , Behrns Susan K 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCross-fostering offspring with nonbiological parents could prove useful to augment populations of endangered carnivores. We used cross-fostering to augment captive-born and wild-born litters for the endangered red wolf (Canis rufus). Between 1987 and 2016, 23 cross-fostering events occurred involving captive-born pups fostered into captive litters (n = 8 events) and captive-born pups fostered into wild recipient litters (n = 15 events). Percentage of pups surviving 3 and 12 months was 91.7% for captive-born pups fostered into captive recipient litters. For pups fostered into wild litters, percentage of pups surviving 5 months was &gt; 94% among fostered pups (pups fostered into a wild red wolf litter or replaced a hybrid litter), pups in recipient litters (wild-born litters receiving fostered pups), and pups in control litters (wild-born litters not in a fostering event) when using pups with known fates. Including pups with unknown fates as deaths, percentage of pups surviving 5 months was &gt; 54% among fostered pups, pups in recipient litters, and pups in control litters. Among wild litters, percentage of pups surviving 12 months was &gt; 82% among fostered pups, pups in recipient litters, and pups in control litters when using pups with known fates. Including pups with unknown fates as deaths, percentage of pups surviving 12 months was &gt; 48% among fostered pups, pups in recipient litters, and pups in control litters. Although survival to 12 months was similar among the groups, average life span was different with pups in control litters living 3.3 years, pups in recipient litters living 4.6 years, and fostered pups living 5.6 years. Of fostered pups surviving &gt; 12 months in the wild, 9 animals whelped or sired 26 litters. Cross-fostering was successful at augmenting litter size for red wolves without any deleterious effects on recipient litters, illustrating fostering as a tool for increasing populations of endangered carnivores.
Prometastatic Molecular Profiles in Breast Tumors From Socially Isolated Women
Authors: Bower Julienne E , Shiao Stephen L , Sullivan Peggy , Lamkin Donald M , Atienza Robert , Mercado Fernando , Arevalo Jesusa , Asher Arash , Ganz Patricia A , Cole Steve W 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Social isolation is associated with accelerated breast cancer progression and increased disease recurrence and mortality, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. In preclinical models, beta-adrenergic signaling from fight-or-flight stress responses can stimulate prometastatic processes in the tumor microenvironment including upregulation of M2 macrophages, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and lymphovascular invasion. This study examines whether the same pathways are upregulated in breast tumors from socially isolated cancer patients.

Methods
EMT and M1/M2 macrophage gene expression programs were analyzed by genome-wide transcriptional profiling, and lymphatic and vascular density were assessed by immunohistochemistry in primary tumors from 56 early-stage breast cancer patients who were part of the UCLA RISE study. Social isolation was quantified by the Social Provisions Scale, and disease characteristics were assessed by medical record review. General linear models were used to quantify differential gene expression across risk factor groups. Linear regression models were used to examine associations between social isolation and lymphovascular invasion.

Results
Tumors from socially isolated patients showed upregulated expression of genes involved in EMT (average score difference = +0.080 log2 mRNA abundance ± 0.034 standard error) and M2 macrophage polarization (+0.033 ± 0.014) as well as increased density of lymphatic vessels (β= –.29) but no difference in blood vessel density. TELiS promoter–based bioinformatics analyses indicated activation of CREB family transcription factors that mediate the gene-regulatory effects of β-adrenergic signaling (log2 fold-difference in promoter binding site prevalence: mean ± standard error = +0.49 ± 0.19).

Conclusions
Primary breast tumors from socially isolated patients show multiple prometastatic molecular alterations, providing a plausible biological pathway through which poor social support may accelerate breast cancer progression and defining new targets for intervention.