bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varieties of four-dimensional gauge theories
Authors: Gripaios Ben , Nguyen Khoi Le Nguyen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We use algebraic geometry to study the anomaly-free representations of an arbitrary gauge Lie algebra for 4-dimensional spacetime fermions. For irreducible representations, the problem reduces to studying the Lie algebras 𝔰𝔲n for n ≥ 3. We show that there exist equivalence classes of such representations that are in bijection with the rational points on a projective variety that are dense in a region on the underlying real variety diffeomorphic to ℝn−3. It follows that the chiral ones overwhelm the non-chiral ones for n ≥ 5. We present an efficient algorithm to find explicit anomaly-free irreducible representations and discuss the generalization to reducible representations.
Cosmological amplitudes in power-law FRW universe
Authors: Fan Bingchu , Xianyu Zhong-Zhi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The correlators of large-scale fluctuations belong to the most important observables in modern cosmology. Recently, there have been considerable efforts in analytically understanding the cosmological correlators and the related wavefunction coefficients, which we collectively call cosmological amplitudes. In this work, we provide a set of simple rules to directly write down analytical answers for arbitrary tree-level amplitudes of conformal scalars with time-dependent interactions in power-law FRW universe. With the recently proposed family-tree decomposition method, we identify an over-complete set of multivariate hypergeometric functions, called family trees, to which all tree-level conformal scalar amplitudes can be easily reduced. Our method yields series expansions and monodromies of family trees in various kinematic limits, together with a large number of functional identities. The family trees are in a sense generalizations of polylogarithms and do reduce to polylogarithmic expressions for the cubic coupling in inflationary limit. We further show that all family trees can be decomposed into linear chains by taking shuffle products of all subfamilies, with which we find simple connection between bulk time integrals and boundary energy integrals.
Taub-NUT instanton as the self-dual analog of Kerr
Authors: Desai Jash , Herczeg Gabriel , McNutt David , Pezzelle Max 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It was recently conjectured that a certain vacuum Kerr-Schild spacetime, which may be regarded as a self-dual analog of the Kerr metric, is equivalent to the self-dual Taub-NUT instanton. We confirm this conjecture by applying the Cartan-Karlhede algorithm to each metric and showing that for suitable choices of null tetrad, the algorithm leads to the same invariants and linear isotropy groups for both, establishing their equivalence. While it is well-known that the Taub-NUT solution and its self-dual version admit a double Kerr-Schild form, the observation that the self-dual Taub-NUT instanton admits a single Kerr-Schild form has only been made very recently. The two metrics we compare may be regarded as either complex metrics with Lorentzian (1, 3) signature or real metrics with Kleinian (2, 2) signature; here we take the latter view. Significant simplifications occur when the null tetrads are chosen to consist of two pairs of complex conjugate null vectors rather than four real independent ones. As a bonus, our work provides the first example of applying the Cartan-Karlhede algorithm using a null tetrad of this type.
Holographic thermal correlators and quasinormal modes from semiclassical Virasoro blocks
Authors: Jia Hewei Frederic , Rangamani Mukund 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Motivated by its relevance for thermal correlators in strongly coupled holographic CFTs, we refine and further develop a recent exact analytic approach to black hole perturbation problem, based on the semiclassical Virasoro blocks, or equivalently via AGT relation, the Nekrasov partition functions in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit. Focusing on asymptotically AdS5 black hole backgrounds, we derive new universal exact expressions for holographic thermal two-point functions, both for scalar operators and conserved currents. Relatedly, we also obtain exact quantization conditions of the associated quasinormal modes (QNMs). Our expressions for the holographic CFT4 closely resemble the well-known results for 2d thermal CFTs on ℝ1,1. This structural similarity stems from the locality of fusion transformation for Virasoro blocks. We provide numerical checks of our quantization conditions for QNMs. Additionally, we discuss the application of our results to understand specific physical properties of QNMs, including their near-extremal and asymptotic limits. The latter is related to a certain large-momentum regime of semiclassical Virasoro blocks dual to Seiberg-Witten prepotentials.
Exotic supergravities and the Swampland
Authors: Montero Miguel , Tartaglia Michelangelo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In six dimensions, there is an exotic $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (4, 0) supermultiplet that contains only fields of spin ≤ 2, but no graviton, and that on a circle reduces to 5D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supergravity. It has been proposed that, if suitable interactions exist, the (4, 0) theory might provide a consistent alternative UV completion for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 5D supergravity, realizing a supersymmetric version of asymptotic safety. In this note we argue that any Lorentz-invariant (4, 0) theory (interacting or not) carries an exact global symmetry when compactified on S1, and is therefore incompatible with the Swampland no global symmetries conjecture. Another example of exotic supergravity, the 6D (3, 1) theory, evades our simple criterion. We study the general case and find that the only exotic spin-2 field that reduces to Einsteinian gravity and, in the absence of supersymmetry, potentially has no global symmetries when compactified on a high-dimensional torus is that which appears in the (3, 1) multiplet. All other possibilities either yield several gravitons or have global symmetries.
JNR Skyrmions
Authors: Sutcliffe Paul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The JNR ansatz provides a simple formula to obtain families of charge N self-dual SU(2) Yang-Mills instantons in four-dimensional Euclidean space, from the free data of N + 1 distinct points with associated positive weights. Here an analogous formula is presented for Skyrme fields in three-dimensional Euclidean space. These families of Skyrme fields include good approximations to a range of Skyrmions, with energies that are typically within a few percent of the numerically computed solutions.
Triboson production in the SMEFT
Authors: Celada Eugenia , Durieux Gauthier , Mimasu Ken , Vryonidou Eleni 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the production of three electroweak gauge bosons at the LHC, in the effective field theory of the standard model, at dimension six and next-to-leading order in QCD. We present results for inclusive cross-sections and differential distributions, finding that these QCD corrections are large, often vary across the phase-space and notably differ from those observed in the standard model. We then explore the potential of the recently observed triboson production processes for improving the sensitivity brought by electroweak precision observables and diboson data. The additional sensitivity we observe is dominated by resonant Higgs boson contributions, with decays to photon pairs in particular. A global analysis including Higgs boson data is therefore needed for a fair assessment of the future reach of triboson measurements on heavy new physics.
The morphology of the lumbar vertebrae: a systematic review with meta-analysis of 1481 individuals with implications for spine surgery
Authors: Bonczar Michał , Koszewski Jan , Czarnota Wiktor , Dziedzic Martyna , Ostrowski Patryk , Możdżeń Kamil , Murawska Agnieszka , Hajdyła Paweł , Walocha Andrzej , Walocha Ewa , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of the present meta-analysis was to provide the most up-to-date and evidence-based results regarding the morphometric properties of the lumbar vertebrae.

Methods
Medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were searched through.

Results
The results of this meta-analysis were established based on a total of 1481 patients. New results were established in 27 categories for each lumbar vertebra separately. The findings from this study reveal that the width of the spinal canal progressively increases towards the lower end of the lumbar spine (L1 = 22.04 mm, L5 = 26.46 mm). Additionally, the transverse processes exhibit a similar trend, widening as they approach the lower lumbar vertebrae (L1 = 68.08 mm, L5 = 85.91 mm). The pedicle height decreased from L1 to L4, with an increase observed at L5 (14.73 mm). No significant differences were observed between the measurements of the left and right pedicles.

Conclusion
The presented results provide physicians with normative morphometric data on the lumbar vertebrae. Having adequate knowledge of the anatomy of the lumbar vertebrae may be of immense use for surgeons performing various spinal surgeries, such as pedicle screw fixation, percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy, or lumbar disc replacement.
Implausible, not impossible: delayed supradiaphragmatic thoracic migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a 17-month-old
Authors: Florian Ioan-Alexandru , Topal Paula , Florian Teodora-Larisa , Font Dragos , Florian Ioan-Stefan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Intrathoracic migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is a phenomenally rare complication, with the supradiaphragmatic intercostal variant even more so. Whereas it can prove debilitating or even fatal via massive hydrothorax, the causative mechanism and proper management of this occurrence are undefined.

Case presentation
A 17-month-old girl who had undergone VPS insertion at one month of age was brought to our department for somnolence and dyspnea, which had a sudden onset. Despite a previous thoracostomy provided temporary symptom relief, she had relapsed. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed a large loop of the right-sided VPS penetrating into the thorax through the anterior wall, as well as marked right hydrothorax. She was subjected to VPS revision and thoracostomy, with the swift, complete, and lasting remission of her complaints.

Conclusion
It is possible that local reaction coupled with negative inspiratory pressure caused the catheter loop to break into the pleural cavity. Our case demonstrates an exceedingly rare event that has a favorable prognosis if diagnosed and treated quickly and appropriately.
An ERP study on multiplication and its relationship to phonological processing in children and adults
Authors: Simpson Heather G. , Henderson Lisa M. , Göbel Silke M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAssociations between arithmetic and reading skills suggest that these important abilities may rely, at least in part, on shared neurocognitive processes. It has been argued that retrieval of arithmetic facts may rely on phonological processing; however, very few studies have explored this association using neural indices and whether it manifests similarly in children and adults. Here we examined event related potentials (ERPs) as an indirect neural correlate of arithmetic fact retrieval, and whether variability in ERP modulation is associated with individual differences in phonological processing (verbal working memory, rate of access, and phonological awareness). Arithmetic processing was examined in two samples with different levels of arithmetic expertise: (1) young adults (n = 24; Mage = 21.8 years); and (2) children (n = 25; Mage = 11.2 years). Participants were presented with simple multiplication equations that were correct or incorrect. Significant modulations of the ERPs by correctness were found at posterior electrodes in both samples, however, in different components. In adults a modulation of the P300 was observed, while for children the N400 response was modulated. For both children and adults, the size of the ERP modulation in posterior electrodes was associated with individual differences in verbal working memory. These results highlight an important distinction between behavioral outcomes and their underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. Additionally, they provide insight into how arithmetic processing evolves over the course of development.
Backflow Simulation Combined with Laser Visualization Regarding Dust Removal Effect during Tunnel Construction
Authors: Wei Ranzhu , Galler Robert 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe removal of respirable dust and harmful gasses in tunnel construction is a crucial topic for the occupational safety of tunnel construction workers. Mechanical ventilation is the most widely used method to remove the dust at present. But respirable dust is difficult to remove by sedimentation because of the small particle size. The setting of airflow rate in the ventilation duct and the distance between the ventilation duct and the working face highly affect the efficiency of dust removal. When the ventilation duct is far away from the working face, there is often no effective air flow reaching the working face due to the backflow. So, understanding the airflow distribution in the tunnel is necessary to evaluate dust removal effects. This contribution simulates the airflow of the Zentrum am Berg (ZAB) tunnel through numerical simulation and also sets up the laser device to visualize the air flow. The backflow sections from numerical simulation and laser visualization are verified and compared with each other to provide guidance on dust removal effect optimization during tunnel construction.
Determinants of undergraduate medical students’ satisfaction with clinical supervision: A cohort study in a longitudinally structured sixth year clinical placement
Authors: Wagner-Menghin Michaela , Hofhansl Angelika , Bach Lena , Mayer Anna-Maria , Rieder Anita , Zlabinger Gerhard 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Background
Work satisfaction is associated with fewer employee turnover intentions, increased job engagement and interest, and has a greater impact on employee well-being than environmental factors, such as workload. In workplace learning, clinical supervisors promote student satisfaction by meeting students’ supervision needs in providing safe practice opportunities, training, and guidance in the social field. To quantitatively investigate this relationship, we proposed a supervision deficit index as a measure of learner-centered supervision received and explored its correlation with satisfaction in workplace learning.

Method
In total, 1017 Austrian medical students (2015–2017) in year 6 selected the 5 most helpful supervisory activities (from 26 options) and rated their experience levels of these activities during surgery and internal medicine placement. A supervision deficit index was then created (range 0–3; 0 = no deficit).

Results
Students with no, minor or moderate supervision deficits reported higher overall satisfaction with their placements than those experiencing considerable deficits. Students’ gender, clinical experience, hospital size, placement year, and clinical field did not influence the relationship. The deficit index’s psychometric qualities were good. Training activities supporting competence, such as discussing patients, planning disease management, and practicing skills, were selected more often than activities supporting autonomy, such as an appropriate level of clinical duties, and social relatedness.

Discussion
Students favored competence support. Highlighting the importance of autonomy support to students and encouraging supervisors to engage in learner-centered supervision may improve the supervision experience and work satisfaction for both. The deficit index can be used to evaluate the effects of such interventions.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte patches ameliorate right ventricular function in a rat pressure-overloaded right ventricle model
Authors: Watanabe Takuji , Kawamura Takuji , Harada Akima , Taira Masaki , Yoshioka Daisuke , Shimamura Kazuo , Watabe Tadashi , Shimosegawa Eku , Ueno Takayoshi , Miyagawa Shigeru 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRight ventricular (RV) failure following surgical repair of congenital heart disease affects survival. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPS-CM) sheet transplantation ameliorated left ventricular dysfunction in preclinical studies, indicating its efficacy in RV failure in congenital heart disease. This study aimed to evaluate whether hiPS-CMs could improve RV function in rats with pressure-overloaded RV failure. F344/NJcl-rnu/rnu rats underwent pulmonary artery banding (PAB) via left thoracotomy. Four weeks after PAB, hiPS-CM patch transplantation to the RV was performed in the hiPS-CM group (n = 33), and a sham operation was performed in the sham group (n = 18). We evaluated cardiac catheterization, positron emission tomography data, and pathological results 8 weeks following PAB. RV end-diastolic pressure, the time constant of isovolumic relaxation, and end-diastolic pressure–volume relation were significantly ameliorated in the hiPS-CM group compared with in the sham group. Picrosirius red staining revealed that anti-fibrotic effects were significantly higher in the hiPS-CM group than in the sham group. Von Willebrand factor staining revealed significantly higher myocardial capillary vascular density in the hiPS-CM group than in the sham group. hiPS-CMs were detected in the epicardium 4 weeks after hiPS-CM sheet transplantation. The angiogenic gene expression in the myocardium was significantly higher in the hiPS-CM group than in the sham group. Overall, in rats with pressure-overloaded RV failure, hiPS-CM patch transplantation could improve diastolic function, suppress ventricular fibrosis, and increase capillary density, suggesting that it is a promising treatment for RV failure.
Expensive today but cheaper tomorrow: lifetime costs of an active middle ear implant compared to alternative treatment options
Authors: Krohn Markus , Kiesewetter Klaas , Buchholz Annika , Schlick Bettina , Busch Susan , Lenarz Thomas , Lesinski-Schiedat Anke , Maier Hannes , Batsoulis Cornelia , Urban Michael , Flessa Steffen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
When choosing between different treatment options, implants often appear too costly. However, this perspective does not take future costs into account. This article evaluates lifetime costs for different surgical interventions to treat hearing loss.

Methods
The analysis focused on three groups from the perspective of health insurers. Group 1 comprises patients who have only been implanted with a middle ear implant. Patients in Group 2 had already undergone middle ear surgery to improve hearing prior to the implantation of a middle ear implant. Group 3 consists of patients who were treated exclusively with hearing-improvement surgeries (no implant). The lifetime costs were calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation. The inputs were based on medical data from a maximum-care hospital and data from the German healthcare system.

Results
Based on an average observation period of 26.73 years, the lifetime costs amounted to 28,325€ for group 1, 32,187€ for group 2 and 28,381€ for group 3. While the mean values between groups 1 and 3 appear comparable, group 1 has a significantly lower standard deviation (G1 vs. G3: 6120€ vs. 10,327€).

Discussion/conclusion
Choosing a treatment option can be a complex medical decision and impose a substantial economic burden for the statutory health insurance. Hence, treatment decisions should be patient-centred at first but also including a shared-decision making on economic feasibility, whether proposed treatment alternatives are likely to be successful and economically reasonable.
An elucidation of blended modeling from an industrial perspective
Authors: Holtmann Jörg , Ciccozzi Federico , Bast Wim , Pinxten Joost van 
Published: December 2024

AbstractModel-Driven Engineering (MDE) has been widely adopted across various industrial sectors due to its ability to manage the complexity of modern engineering products. However, traditional modeling languages and tools are often limited to a single, specific concrete syntax, which poses challenges for the diverse stakeholders involved in the modeling process.. To address these limitations, the emerging field of blended modeling introduces the use of multiple concrete syntaxes, and in some cases, even multiple abstract syntaxes, for representing the same information. In this expert perspective, we present generalized, technology-agnostic concepts developed within a European research and development project focused on blended modeling. Specifically, we contribute a standardized terminology and ontology for blended modeling, along with a methodology for creating blended modeling environments. These concepts were developed through collaboration between academic and industrial partners, who aligned on the motivations and benefits of this approach. The insights gained from this project are not only relevant to blended MDE but also can be applied to traditional MDE practices.
A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study of Preschool Children’s Reactions to Interparental Conflict and Their Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Japan
Authors: Jikihara Yasumitsu , Suzumura Shunsuke , Hirose Akiko , Todo Naoya , Kubo Takahiro , Aramaki Misako , Shiozaki Naomi , Ando Satoko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Positive marital relations are crucial for healthy family functioning, whereas conflict-ridden marital relations are linked to children’s adjustment problems. According to the Emotional Security Theory, destructive interparental conflict leads to children’s emotional insecurity, impacting their adjustment.

Objective
This three-wave longitudinal study examined the temporal associations between preschool children’s reactions to interparental conflict, interparental conflict and children’s behavioral problems in Japan.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal three-wave study with Japanese parents of children at three time points: aged 3 (Time 1), 4 (Time 2), and 5 (Time 3). Children’s reactions to interparental conflict at Time 2 were assessed using the Security in the Marital Subsystem-Parent Report, which includes subscales for overt emotional reactivity, behavioral dysregulation, overt avoidance, and overt involvement.

Results
Our findings revealed a positive association between behavioral dysregulation at Time 2 and internalizing problems at Time 3. However, no significant association was found between behavioral dysregulation and externalizing problems. Emotional reactivity was not associated with behavioral problems or interparental conflict. Differences in age ranges across studies may account for the variance in findings.

Conclusions
This longitudinal study highlights the importance of focusing on behavioral dysregulation in preschool children as a factor associated with the relationship between interparental conflict and internalizing problems over time. Emotional reactivity may not serve as a reliable indicator of behavioral problems or interparental conflict in Japanese contexts. These findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive approaches in assessing children’s responses to interparental conflict and their potential associations with child development over time.