bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liberal hemoglobin threshold affects cerebral arterial pulsed Doppler and cardiac output, not cerebral tissue oxygenation: a prospective cohort study in anemic preterm infants
Authors: Jani Pranav , Lowe Krista , Hinder Murray , Galea Claire , D'Çruz Daphne , Badawi Nadia , Tracy Mark 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUNDRed blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a standard treatment for anemia of prematurity. Cerebral tissue oxygenation and blood flow velocities improve when a restrictive transfusion threshold is followed, but little is known about the effect of practicing a liberal transfusion threshold on cerebral tissue oxygenation, cerebral blood flow velocities, and cardiac output measurements.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA prospective observational study of preterm infants under 32 weeks' gestation who received RBC transfusion. Monitoring was performed immediately before, immediately after, and 24 hours after transfusion. Data obtained included physiologic parameters, cerebral tissue oxygenation index (TOI), anterior and middle cerebral artery pulsed Doppler ultrasound measurements, and cardiac output measurements. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance for repeated measures.RESULTSFifty RBC transfusion episodes in 40 preterm infants were monitored. The mean gestational age was 26.72 weeks (±1.6 weeks), and the mean birth weight was 855.25 g (±190.7 g). We did not observe significant changes in cerebral TOI (pretransfusion mean TOI = 70.5 [11.54], immediately after transfusion = 71.38 [12.51], [p = 0.924; 95% confidence interval (CI), −4.64 to 6.39], and 24 hours after transfusion = 75.64 [14.4]; [p = 0.07; 95% CI, −0.37 to 10.65]), cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (pretransfusion = 0.25 [0.12], immediately after transfusion = 0.24 [0.13], and 24 hours after transfusion = 0.20 [0.15]), cerebral resistive index, cerebral pulsatility index, or right ventricular output. Statistically significant changes were observed immediately after transfusion in peak systolic velocity, end‐diastolic velocity and time‐averaged maximum velocity in the cerebral arterial circulation. Left ventricular output (pretransfusion = 374.32 mL/kg/min, immediately after transfusion = 346.67 mL/kg/min [p = 0.000; 95% CI, –39.61 to −15.68], and 24 hours after transfusion = 361.17 mL/kg/min [p = 0.027; 95% CI, –25.11 to −1.18]) and heart rate (pretransfusion = 163.37 [9.49], immediately after transfusion = 157.29 [10.2] [p = 0.000; 95% CI, –8.96 to −3.20], and 24 hours after transfusion = 160.40 [10.4] [p = 0.041; 95% CI, –5.85 to −0.09]) showed statistically significant changes throughout the monitoring period.CONCLUSIONOur findings show that practicing liberal transfusion thresholds did not improve cerebral TOI in preterm infants who have mild anemia, but it did improve the compensatory response in cerebral arterial blood flow and cardiac output.
Magnetic resonance dacryocystography in the horse: A feasibility study
Authors: Manso‐Díaz Gabriel , García‐López José M. , López‐Sanromán Javier , Taeymans Olivier 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive anatomical description of the normal equine nasolacrimal duct using magnetic resonance imaging, and to develop a practical protocol for performing magnetic resonance dacryocystography (MRD) in horses.Animal studiedThe heads of ten fresh horse cadavers with no history of sinonasal or ophthalmologic disorders were used for this study.ProcedureAn MRD technique was developed in this study, which consisted of two parts. In the first part, olive oil and gadolinium were compared as contrast medium, using five horses. Two concentrations of gadolinium were used: 0.25 mmol/mL and 0.5 mmol/mL. In the second part, the influence of different head recumbencies using olive oil as the sole contrast medium was studied in the remaining five horses.ResultsInjection with olive oil resulted in better distention and a complete filling of the nasolacrimal duct (ND) in all horses. Injection of 0.25 mmol/mL of gadolinium resulted in incomplete filling of the ND, whereas injection of 0.5 mmol/mL of gadolinium resulted in slightly better filling of the duct. The nondependent duct showed better distention compared to the dependent duct when scanning in lateral recumbency. No differences were observed between ducts in a dorsal recumbency. The degree of distention in dorsal recumbency was slightly less than the degree of distention observed in the nondependent ND in lateral recumbency.ConclusionsMagnetic resonance dacryocystography is a suitable technique for evaluating the nasolacrimal duct and can be performed during a normal magnetic resonance examination.
Correlates of Physical Activity During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review with Implications for Evidence‐based Practice
Authors: Garland Meghan , Wilbur JoEllen , Semanik Pamela , Fogg Louis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundNumerous attempts have been made to improve women's physical activity participation during pregnancy, but activity levels remain low.AimTo examine systematically the associations of physical activity participation during pregnancy with non‐modifiable correlates (not subject to change) and modifiable theoretical correlates of physical activity.MethodsThis systematic review followed PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta‐analysis) guidelines. It includes cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies that assessed non‐modifiable correlates and modifiable theoretical correlates of physical activity. Five electronic databases were searched for studies published in the English language between 2010 and 2017. An author‐developed data collection tool was used to examine selected variables; effect sizes were determined; and study bias was assessed.ResultsTen studies were included in the final review. Overall, effect sizes for non‐modifiable correlates of physical activity were small to moderate, except for mental health (d = 1.35) and prior physical activity (d = 0.63). By contrast, modifiable theoretical correlates of physical activity (e.g., self‐efficacy [d = 0.96–1.42] & intention to be physically active [d = 1.62]) had moderate to large effects in the expected direction with physical activity during pregnancy.DiscussionThe findings underscore the importance of developing physical activity interventions for pregnant women that are guided by modifiable theoretical correlates, taking into consideration non‐modifiable correlates of physical activity.Linking Evidence to ActionClinicians should help pregnant women to increase self‐confidence in their ability to be physically active and provide anticipatory guidance to overcome barriers to physical activity.
Development of a Computational Fluid Dynamics Methodology to Reproduce the Effects of Macroturbulence on Wind Turbines and Its Application to the Particular Case of a VAWT
Authors: Balduzzi Francesco , Zini Marco , Ferrara Giovanni , Bianchini Alessandro 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Based on existing reports and databases, most of the installations in highly turbulent sites in fact fail to reach the expected energy yield, resulting in still or underperforming turbines that also give bad press for the technology. A better understanding of the real performance of wind turbines under highly turbulent conditions is then pivotal to ensure the economic viability of new installations. To this end, the possible use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques could provide notable benefits, reducing the time-to-market and the cost with respect to experiments. On the other hand, it is intrinsically not easy to reproduce properly intense and large-scale turbulence with the techniques of common use for research and industry (e.g., CFD unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS)), while the only methods that are granted to do so (e.g., direct numerical simulation (DNS) or large eddy simulation (LES)) are often not computationally affordable. Moving from this background, this study presents the development of a numerical strategy to exploit at their maximum level the capabilities of an unsteady RANS approach in order to reproduce fields of macroturbulence of use for wind energy applications. The study is made of two main parts. In the first part, the numerical methodology is discussed and assessed based on real wind tunnel data. The benefits and drawbacks are presented also in comparison to other existing methods. In the second part, it has been used to simulate the behavior under turbulence of a H Darrieus vertical-axis wind turbine, for which unique wind tunnel data were available. The simulations, even if preliminary, showed good matching with experiments (e.g., confirming the increase of power), showing then the potential of the method.
Human Knee Inverse Dynamics Model of Vertical Jump Exercise
Authors: Caruntu Dumitru I. , Moreno Ricardo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This work deals with the dynamics of the human knee during vertical jump exercise. The focus is on the joint forces necessary to produce the jump and to dissipate energy during landing. A two-dimensional (2D) sagittal plane, inverse dynamics human leg model is developed. This model uses data from a motion capture system and force plates in order to predict knee and hip joint forces during the vertical jump exercise. The model consists of three bony structures femur, tibia, and patella, ligament structures to include both cruciate and collateral ligaments, and knee joint muscles. The inverse dynamics model is solved using optimization in order to predict joint forces during this exercise. matlab software package is used for the optimization computations. Results are compared with data available in the literature. This work provides insight regarding contact forces and ligaments forces, muscle forces, and knee and hip contact forces in the vertical jump exercise.
Are Late Permian carbon isotope excursions of local or of global significance?
Authors: Bagherpour Borhan , Bucher Hugo , Vennemann Torsten , Schneebeli-Hermann Elke , Yuan Dong-xun , Leu Marc , Zhang Chao , Shen Shu-Zhong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a new, biostratigraphically calibrated organic and inorganic C-isotope record spanning the basal Late Permian to earliest Triassic from southern Guizhou (Nanpanjiang basin, South China). After fluctuations of a likely diagenetic overprint are removed, three negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) persist. These include a short-lived CIE during the early Wuchiapingian, a protracted CIE ending shortly after the Wuchiapingian–Changhsingian Boundary, and a third CIE straddling the Permian–Triassic boundary. Comparison of our new C-isotope record with others from the same basin suggests that influences of local bathymetry and of the amount of buried terrestrial organic matter are of importance. Comparison with other coeval time series outside of South China also highlights that only the negative CIE at the Permian–Triassic boundary is a global signal. These differences can be explained by the different volumes of erupted basalts between the Late Permian Emeishan and the younger Siberian large igneous provinces and their distinct eruptive modalities. Emeishan volcanism was largely submarine, implying that sea water was an efficient buffer against atmospheric propagation of volatiles. The equatorial position of Emeishan was also an additional obstacle for volatiles to reach the stratosphere and benefit from an efficient global distribution. Consequently, the local significance of these CIEs calls into question global correlations based on C-isotope chemostratigraphy during the Late Permian. The timing of the Late Permian Chinese CIEs is also not reflected in changes in species diversity or ecology, unlike the sudden and global Permian–Triassic boundary crisis and subsequent Early Triassic upheavals.
Vapor transport of silver and gold in basaltic lava flows
Authors: Li Peishu , Boudreau Alan E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We documented occurrences of native copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au) in a pāhoehoe flow from Kīlauea volcano (Hawaii, USA), an a‘ā flow from Mauna Loa volcano (Hawaii), and a mid-oceanic-ridge basalt (MORB) from the Chile Ridge (southeastern Pacific Ocean). Native Ag in Kīlauea and MORB samples consistently contained minor Cl (<1 wt%). Native Ag in Hawaiian basalts can occur at the center of nearly circular patches of relatively evolved minerals, which presumably formed after late-stage silicate liquid infilled pipe vesicles. Sulfur loss and oxidation of a Cu-sulfide phase can explain the native Cu, but not Au and Ag deposition. The rare occurrence of native Cu-Au-Ag alloys and the large native Au and Ag grain size suggest separate metal precipitation mechanisms. A fractional crystallization and degassing model envisions initial Au and Ag enrichment in crystallizing interstitial liquid and further enrichment in a separating vapor phase. From the flow interior, the metals ascend through ephemeral pipe vesicles as bisulfide (Au) or chloride (Ag) vapor complexes and precipitate in the transition zone below the upper vesicular zone, owing to temperature and oxidation state changes. Our results support igneous vapor transport of ore elements in mafic plutonic systems and imply preconcentration of gold during lava solidification before later hydrothermal remobilization.
Comparison of salt-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours between parents and caregivers of children under 18 years of age and other adults who do not care for children under 18 years of age in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Khokhar Durreajam , Nowson Caryl , Margerison Claire , Bolam Bruce , Grimes Carley 
Published: July 2019

Background/AimsSalt intake among Australian adults exceeds recommendations, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours (KABs) are modifiable factors that may influence salt consumption. It is not known whether salt-related KABs among parents and caregivers of children under 18 years of age differ from other adults who do not care for children under 18 years of age. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether salt-related KABs differed between parents and caregivers and other adults. This information can be used to inform messages included in salt reduction consumer awareness campaigns.MethodsAdults, aged 18–65 years, were recruited from four shopping centres, Facebook and a consumer research panel in the state of Victoria, Australia. Participants indicated if they were a parent or a caregiver of a child/children <18 years (‘parents/caregivers’) or not (‘other adults’). Regression models, adjusted for covariates, assessed differences in KABs between the two groups. Construct scores for KABs were developed, with high scores for knowledge indicative of high salt-related knowledge, for attitude indicative of lower importance of using salt to enhance the taste of food, and for behaviours indicative of higher frequency of engaging in behaviours to reduce salt in the diet.ResultsA total of 840 parents/caregivers and 1558 other adults completed the survey. Just over half of the parents/caregivers and other adults were female, with a mean (SD) age of 41.1 (10.3) years and 44.3 (15.3) years, respectively. Mean construct scores for salt-related KABs were similar between the two groups. Parents/caregivers were less likely to be aware of the relationship between salt and sodium (OR=0.73, p=0.002) and more likely to report difficulty in interpreting sodium information displayed on food labels (OR=1.36, p=0.004). Parents/caregivers were more likely to be concerned about a range of food-related issues, including the amount of saturated fat, sugar and salt in food. Parents/caregivers were more likely to report that they were trying to reduce their salt intake (OR=1.27, p=0.012) and more likely to report adding salt at the table (OR=1.28, p=0.008).ConclusionsThere were some differences in salt-related KABs between parents/caregivers and other adults. These findings provide insight into particular messages that could be focused on in consumer awareness campaigns that seek to improve parents’/caregivers’ KABs related to salt intake. Specifically, messages targeted at parents/caregivers should include practical guidance to reduce table salt and resources to assist in interpreting sodium information on food labels and the relationship of sodium to salt.
Vaccination for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Hard Nut to Crack
Authors: Salas-Benito Diego , Melero Ignacio , Ponz-Sarvise Mariano 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
No immunotherapy strategy is yet offering consistent results against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. A randomized clinical trial testing repeated immunization with a Listeria monocytogenes–based vaccine encoding for mesothelin in combination with a GM-CSF–transfected allogeneic pancreatic cell vaccine reports no survival benefit for the vaccinated patients.
See related article by Le et al., p. 5493
An imprinting object rapidly acquires high attractiveness when associated with food delivery
Authors: Junco Félix 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Young precocial birds develop a preference for an imprinting object by mere visual exposure to it in the absence of conventional physiological reinforcement. The lack of the necessity of conventional reinforcement for imprinting, however, does not mean that such reinforcement is unimportant. The evidence presented here shows that an imprinting object rapidly acquires high attractiveness to young chicks when it is associated with food provisioning. Domestic chicks, Gallus gallus domesticus, were first exposed to two different imprinting objects in the absence of any reinforcement. Subsequently, two groups of chicks received a single feeding session wherein they were provided with prey from one of the imprinting objects. A third group served as a control in which the chicks were exposed to one of the imprinting objects and prey delivery in an unpaired way. Finally, all chicks received two choice tests to assess their preferences for the two imprinting objects. The chicks that received food from an imprinting object strongly preferred that object to the alternative familiar-only object, and preferred the familiar-only object to a novel object. The control group did not show any preference between the two imprinting objects, but preferred the unpaired imprinting object to a novel object. These results suggest that primary-need reinforcers such as food contribute to increasing the attractiveness of an imprinting object by promoting rapid associative learning.
Script-switching between Hebrew and Arabic Scripts in Documents from the Cairo Genizah
Authors: Wagner Esther-Miriam 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the multi-lingual world of the Cairo Genizah, Arabic (including Judaeo-Arabic), Hebrew and Aramaic were used in legal documents and letters. Jewish scribes excelled in Hebrew and Arabic penmanship. The mixing of Hebrew and Arabic alphabets in documents by particular writers affords important sociolinguistic insights. This article presents case studies of two Genizah writers, Daniel b. ʿAzaryah (11th century) and Ḥalfon b. Manasse (12th century), who were both highly innovative and exceptional in their use of scripts and vocalisation signs. Their scribal habits and decisions allow us to understand attitudes of writers towards the two scripts, and levels of literacy within the Jewish scriptorium, and provide an important contribution to our understanding of medieval allography and script-switching.
Commercial Television in Indonesia
Authors: Myutel Maria 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article sheds light on previously unknown aspects of Indonesian private television by focusing on the role of the ethno-religious minority of Indonesian Sindhi in the establishment and development of commercial soap opera production. Part of the global trading community of Sindhayat, the local Sindhis have mobilized their translocal and transnational networks to take a dominant position in the emerging sector of national media. Grounded in long-term ethnographic fieldwork among media practitioners and Indonesian Sindhi community members, the article examines how Sindhis’ sense of community and shared desires and sentiments have resulted in a lack of variety of television formats and the introduction of Islam-themed soap operas to prime-time television.
Power contrast injections through a totally implantable venous power port: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Son Ryong seong , Song Yun Gyu , Jo Jeonghyun , Park Byeong-Ho , Jung Gyoo-sik , Yun Jong Hyouk 
Published: July 2019

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility and safety of power injection of contrast media through totally implantable venous power ports during computed tomography scans in oncologic patients. Methods The study population consisted of 417 patients who underwent computed tomography scan through a totally implantable venous power port. Clinical data were examined. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associations between clinical covariables and computed tomography scan failure. Results Successful computed tomography scans were achieved in 534 of 540 examinations (98.9%). Logistic regression analysis showed that contrast media above a 350 concentration was significantly associated with computed tomography scan failure (95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.13, p = 0.012). No major complications were noted. Conclusions Power injection of contrast media through a totally implantable venous power port for computed tomography examination is feasible and safe. This procedure provides an acceptable alternative in oncologic patients with inadequate peripheral intravenous access when computed tomography examination with contrast enhancement is needed.
Heterogeneity in the psychiatric presentation of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD)
Authors: Bretag-Norris Reece , Gallur Lara , Flynn Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Objective: This article describes how the onset of bvFTD can be heralded by psychiatric symptoms. Method: Case reports are described with reference to the relevant literature review. Results: Three patients were admitted with psychiatric symptoms, including depression, mania, psychosis and catatonia. Two had been previously diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. All three were diagnosed with probable bvFTD. Conclusion: bvFTD is an important differential diagnosis to consider when patients present with atypical psychiatric symptoms.