bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) in Macrophages Predominate Over Proinflammatory Effects in Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Fotakis Panagiotis , Kothari Vishal , Thomas David G. , Westerterp Marit , Molusky Matthew M. , Altin Elissa , Abramowicz Sandra , Wang Nan , He Yi , Heinecke Jay W. , Bornfeldt Karin E. , Tall Alan R. 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
HDL (high-density lipoprotein) infusion reduces atherosclerosis in animal models and is being evaluated as a treatment in humans. Studies have shown either anti- or proinflammatory effects of HDL in macrophages, and there is no consensus on the underlying mechanisms. Here, we interrogate the effects of HDL on inflammatory gene expression in macrophages.

Approach and Results:

We cultured bone marrow–derived macrophages, treated them with reconstituted HDL or HDL isolated from
APOA1

Tg

;Ldlr
−/−
mice, and challenged them with lipopolysaccharide. Transcriptional profiling showed that HDL exerts a broad anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced genes and proinflammatory effect in a subset of genes enriched for chemokines. Cholesterol removal by POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine) liposomes or β-methylcyclodextrin mimicked both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of HDL, whereas cholesterol loading by POPC/cholesterol-liposomes or acetylated LDL (low-density lipoprotein) before HDL attenuated these effects, indicating that these responses are mediated by cholesterol efflux. While early anti-inflammatory effects reflect reduced TLR (Toll-like receptor) 4 levels, late anti-inflammatory effects are due to reduced IFN (interferon) receptor signaling. Proinflammatory effects occur late and represent a modified endoplasmic reticulum stress response, mediated by IRE1a (inositol-requiring enzyme 1a)/ASK1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1)/p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling, that occurs under conditions of extreme cholesterol depletion. To investigate the effects of HDL on inflammatory gene expression in myeloid cells in atherosclerotic lesions, we injected reconstituted HDL into
Apoe
−/−
or
Ldlr
−/−
mice fed a Western-type diet. Reconstituted HDL infusions produced anti-inflammatory effects in lesion macrophages without any evidence of proinflammatory effects.

Conclusions:
Reconstituted HDL infusions in hypercholesterolemic atherosclerotic mice produced anti-inflammatory effects in lesion macrophages suggesting a beneficial therapeutic effect of HDL in vivo.
The First Original Copy and the Role of Blockchain in the Reproduction of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Ch'ng Eugene 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The First Original Copy refers to any first true 3D facsimile of a digitally reproduced physical object. The notion of a copy being the first and original implies that it is unique and therefore the approach used for managing rights and ownership influences its value. Whilst virtual goods traded within virtual worlds are subject to rules and policies, the production of digital objects in the real world does not have a mechanism from which rarity and uniqueness can be guaranteed. Digital copies are subject to further copying and thus, the value of even an exact copy can never be perceived to be equivalent to its original. Through what means can we imbue 3D reproductions of cultural objects with value that is at least asymptotic to their originals? There may be a candidate solution. Discussed in this article is a possible approach for resolving a long-term issue related to authenticity, ownership, perpetuity, and the quantitative tracking of value associated with 3D copies. Blockchains essentially bring the systemic management of virtual objects within virtual worlds into the real world. This forum article examines the candidate solution by answering the questions above, and discusses the issues associated with the concept of the First Original Copy.
Personalizing Content Presentation on Large 3D Head-Up Displays
Authors: Häuslschmid Renate , Ren Donghao , Alt Florian , Butz Andreas , Höllerer Tobias 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Drivers' urge to access content on smartphones while driving causes a high number of fatal accidents every year. We explore 3D full-windshield size head-up displays as an opportunity to present such content in a safer manner. In particular, we look into how drivers would personalize such displays and whether it can be considered safe. Firstly, by means of an online survey we identify types of content users access on their smartphones while driving and whether users are interested in the same content on a head-up display. Secondly, we let drivers design personalized 3D layouts and assess how personalization impacts on driving safety. Thirdly, we compare personalized layouts to a one-fits-all layout concept in a 3D driving simulator study regarding safety. We found that drivers' content preferences diverge largely and that most of the personalized layouts do not respect safety sufficiently. The one-fits-all layout led to a better response performance but needs to be modified to consider the drivers' preferences. We discuss the implications of the presented research on road safety and future 3D information placement on head-up displays.
Calling while Driving Using Augmented Reality: Blessing or Curse?
Authors: Kun Andrew L. , Meulen Hidde van der , Janssen Christian P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report on an experiment on the distracting effects of in-car conversations through augmented-reality glasses. Previous research showed that in-car phone conversations can be distracting, but that the distraction might be reduced if the remote caller receives visual information about the driving context. However, what happens if such video sharing becomes bidirectional? The recent introduction of commercial augmented-reality glasses in particular might allow drivers to engage in video-supported conversations while driving. We investigate how distracting such video-based conversations are in an experiment. Our participants operated a simulated vehicle, while also playing a conversational game (Taboo) with a remote conversant. The driver either only heard the remote conversant (speech-only condition), or was also able to see the remote person in a virtual window that was presented through augmented reality (video call condition). Results show that our participants did not spend time looking at the video of the remote conversant. We hypothesize that this was due to the fact that in our experiment participants had to turn their head to get a full view of the virtual window. Our results imply that we need further studies on the effects of augmented reality on the visual attention of the driver, before the technology is used on the road.
A Survey on Simulation Sickness in Driving Applications with Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays
Authors: Rangelova Stanislava , Andre Elisabeth 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article discusses factors related to simulation sickness in virtual reality driving simulations with head-mounted displays. Simulation sickness is a well-known phenomenon that has physiological effects on users, such as disorientation, headache, and nausea. There are three major theories why simulation sickness arises. Previous research on this phenomenon has mostly concentrated on driving or flying simulators with standard computer displays. It is, therefore, possible to conclude that any simulated environment could have such an effect, and virtual reality should not be considered an exception to such problems. While virtual reality has had and will continue to have a positive impact on the development and testing of new automotive interior concepts, simulation sickness is a significant drawback. Despite the advances in technology, discomfort from using head-mounted displays has yet to be resolved. A review of these displays in the context of virtual reality driving applications over the recent years will be presented. Moreover, characterization and comparison of approaches to mitigate simulation sickness will be given in the text. Concluding suggestions for future work on the correlation between simulation sickness and a virtual driving environment will be provided.
Biopiracy of Plant Resources and Sustainable Traditional Knowledge System in Africa
Authors: Ageh Patrick Agejoh , Lall Namrita 
Published: October 2019

The relationship between plant resources and traditional communities in Africa is inseparable. For centuries, indigenous communities have been depending on their cultural innovations and practices for health and food. Plant resources are part of the traditional knowledge system of indigenous communities in Africa.
Colonialism and the scramble for Africa led to plant resources being opened to bioprospecting by western scientists and multinational pharmaceutical firms. They engage in secluded locations around Africa in order to find ‘new drugs from exotic plants’ for profit-making or patent rights. The advent of technology has witnessed a lot of illegal exploitation and commercialization of plant resources (biopiracy). The traditional knowledge system is being eroded with disregard to the welfare of the owners of the knowledge to sustainably manage it. The paper looks at the challenges, the existing legal framework to appreciate if it’s adequate to ensure the sustainability of the traditional knowledge system in Africa.
Turritellidae (Gastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea with considerations about turritellid genera
Authors: HARZHAUSER MATHIAS , LANDAU BERNARD 
Published: October 2019

We present a critical evaluation of the taxonomy, stratigraphy and biogeography of the turritellid gastropods of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. 159 species-level names and 6 infrasubspecific names have been used for Paratethyan Turritellidae since 1848. Of these, only 35 species are accepted herein as valid species, with some uncertainties due to poor preservation or limited access to type material. Maximum diversities occurred during the early middle Miocene (Langhian, Badenian) coinciding with the Miocene Climatic Optimum. Whilst early Miocene turritellid assemblages are characterized by large to very large species of Peyrotia, Turritella and Allmonia, middle Miocene assemblages are predominated by medium-sized species of Archimediella, Helminthia, Oligodia and Ptychidia. The taxonomic composition of these faunas, with representatives of Archimediella, Helminthia, Mesalia and Vermicularia suggests a biogeographic affiliation with Atlantic and especially West African faunas. Turritellinella new gen. is established as new genus for the eastern Atlantic-Mediterranean Turritella tricarinata/communis complex. Viennella is described as new genus with Turritella incisaeformis Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956 as type species. Allmonia new gen. is introduced as new genus for European Cenozoic Protominae previously placed in Protoma. For the first time, inner lirae are documented as conchological features of Turritellidae. Six species are described as new, three within the Turritellinae: Archimediella carpathica new sp., Ptychidia erynella new sp. and Viennella ignorata new sp., and three within the Pareorinae: Mesalia sovisi new sp., Mesalia stryriaca new sp. and Mesalia bohnhavasae new sp.. Ptychidia austrorotundata new nom. is proposed as new name Turritella turris rotundata Schaffer 1912, non Turritella rotundata Grzybowski 1899. We designate lectotypes for Turritella gradata Menke in Hörnes, 1855, Haustator striatellatus Sacco, 1895, Allmonia carniolica (Stache, 1858) and Allmonia alterniplicata (Sacco, 1895). Neotypes are designated for Archimediella abundans (Handmann, 1882), Archimediella hoernesi (Rolle, 1856), Ptychidia partschi (Rolle, 1856), Ptychidia? ernesti (Handmann, 1882). Rhabdosis Townes, 1970 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) is a junior homonym of Rhabdosis Handmann 1882 (Gastropoda, Turritellidae) and will need a new name.
Multiyear Statistical Prediction of ENSO Enhanced by the Tropical Pacific Observing System
Authors: Petrova Desislava , Ballester Joan , Koopman Siem Jan , Rodó Xavier 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe theoretical predictability limit of El Niño–Southern Oscillation has been shown to be on the order of years, but long-lead predictions of El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN) are still lacking. State-of-the-art forecasting schemes traditionally do not predict beyond the spring barrier. Recent efforts have been dedicated to the improvement of dynamical models, while statistical schemes still need to take full advantage of the availability of ocean subsurface variables, provided regularly for the last few decades as a result of the Tropical Ocean–Global Atmosphere Program (TOGA). Here we use a number of predictor variables, including temperature at different depths and regions of the equatorial ocean, in a flexible statistical dynamic components model to make skillful long-lead retrospective predictions (hindcasts) of the Niño-3.4 index in the period 1970–2016. The model hindcasts the major EN episodes up to 2.5 years in advance, including the recent extreme 2015/16 EN. The analysis demonstrates that events are predicted more accurately after the completion of the observational array in the tropical Pacific in 1994, as a result of the improved data quality and coverage achieved by TOGA. Therefore, there is potential to issue long-lead predictions of this climatic phenomenon at a low computational cost.
The Response of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean to Climate Change
Authors: Alexander Michael A. , Shin Sang-ik , Scott James D. , Curchitser Enrique , Stock Charles 
Published: October 2019

AbstractROMS, a high-resolution regional ocean model, was used to study how climate change may affect the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. A control (CTRL) simulation was conducted for the recent past (1976–2005), and simulations with additional forcing at the surface and lateral boundaries, obtained from three different global climate models (GCMs) using the RCP8.5 scenario, were conducted to represent the future (2070–99). The climate change response was obtained from the difference between the CTRL and each of the three future simulations. All three ROMS simulations indicated large increases in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over most of the domain except off the eastern U.S. seaboard resulting from weakening of the Gulf Stream. There are also substantial intermodel differences in the response, including a southward shift of the Gulf Stream in one simulation and a slight northward shift in the other two, with corresponding changes in eddy activity. The depth of maximum warming varied among the three simulations, resulting in differences in the bottom temperature response in coastal regions, including the Gulf of Maine and the West Florida Shelf. The surface salinity decreased in the northern part of the domain and increased in the south in all three experiments, although the freshening extended much farther south in one ROMS simulation relative to the other two, and also relative to the GCM that provided the large-scale forcing. Thus, while high resolution allows for a better representation of currents and bathymetry, the response to climate change can vary considerably depending on the large-scale forcing.
On the Steadiness and Instability of the Intermediate Western Boundary Current between 24° and 18°S
Authors: Napolitano Dante C. , da Silveira Ilson C. A. , Rocha Cesar B. , Flierl Glenn R. , Calil Paulo H. R. , Martins Renato P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Intermediate Western Boundary Current (IWBC) transports Antarctic Intermediate Water across the Vitória–Trindade Ridge (VTR), a seamount chain at ~20°S off Brazil. Recent studies suggest that the IWBC develops a strong cyclonic recirculation in Tubarão Bight, upstream of the VTR, with weak time dependency. We herein use new quasi-synoptic observations, data from the Argo array, and a regional numerical model to describe the structure and variability of the IWBC and to investigate its dynamics. Both shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data and trajectories of Argo floats confirm the existence of the IWBC recirculation, which is also captured by our Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) simulation. An “intermediate-layer” quasigeostrophic (QG) model indicates that the ROMS time-mean flow is a good proxy for the IWBC steady state, as revealed by largely parallel isolines of streamfunctionand potential vorticity; ascatter diagram also shows that the IWBC is potentially unstable. Further analysis of the ROMS simulation reveals that remotely generated, westward-propagating nonlinear eddies are the main source of variability in the region. These eddies enter the domain through the Tubarão Bight eastern edge and strongly interact with the IWBC. As they are advected downstream and negotiate the local topography, the eddies grow explosively through horizontal shear production.
Cultural adaptation framework of social interventions in mental health: Evidence-based case studies from low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Fendt-Newlin Meredith , Jagannathan Aarti , Webber Martin 
Published: October 2019

Background: Evidence-based strategies for treating mental health conditions need to be scaled up to address the mental health treatment gap in low- and middle-income countries. Most medical and psychological interventions for the treatment of mental health conditions have been developed and evaluated in high-income countries. However, the imperative of scaling up such interventions potentially ignores local realities, and may also discredit or replace local frameworks for responding to distress. Aims: This article aims to develop a framework for the cultural adaptation of social interventions which are developed within, and draw upon, local contexts, to ensure they are acceptable, feasible and effective. Method: A case study approach is used to discuss the feasibility of developing and adapting psychosocial interventions which are embedded in local knowledge, values and practices. Results: The first case study introduces yoga as an alternative and/or complementary, and culturally relevant, approach for people experiencing mental health conditions in India. The second case study is a cross-cultural adaptation of a psychosocial intervention from the United Kingdom to fit the local idioms of distress and service context in Sierra Leone, as the country battled with the Ebola outbreak. We use these case studies to develop a Cultural Adaptation Framework, which recognises that people and their mental health are products of their culture and society, to inform the future development, adaptation and evaluation of sociocultural interventions for people experiencing mental health conditions in low- and middle-income countries. Conclusion: The Cultural Adaptation Framework can be used to ensure interventions are culturally relevant and responsive to local conditions prior to evaluating in experimental studies.
Morphometry of the Digastric Ridge and Its Significance for Mastoid Surgeries—A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Irugu David Victor Kumar , Singh Anup , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Digastric ridge (DR) is an important landmark to locate facial nerve (FN) and sigmoid sinus for mastoid surgeries and transmastoid approaches. We aim to look for the effect of temporal bone pneumatization on the morphometry of the DR and its relation to the adjoining structures. Methods: Temporal bones were harvested from unclaimed cadavers after the approval of the ethical committee. The dissection of the temporal bones was performed under a microscope, and the length of the DR and the distance between the mastoid segment of the FN and the anterior end of DR (FN-DR distance) were measured using a digital caliper. Stata version 14.0 was used to perform the statistical calculations. Results: Ninety-three temporal bones were microdissected (right:left = 47:46; well pneumatized:poorly pneumatized = 58:35). Mean length of the DR was 17.1 mm and was significantly longer in well-pneumatized bones ( P = .0000). The mean distance between the anterior end of the digastric ridge and the mastoid part of the facial nerve was 4 mm. The distance was significantly more in well-pneumatized bones. Conclusion: Prominence and the length of the DR, as well as the FN-DR distance, are significantly more in well-pneumatized bones compared to poorly pneumatized bones. This finding has potential surgical implications with reduced risk of injury to the FN resulting from a conspicuous DR in well-pneumatized bones.
Hemodynamics of neonatal double lumen cannula malposition
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Rezaeimoghaddam Mohammad , Cakmak Bilgesu , Yildiz Yahya , Rasooli Reza , Pekkan Kerem , Salihoglu Ece 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Malposition of dual lumen cannula is a frequent and challenging complication in neonates and plays a significant role in shaping the in vitro device hemodynamics. This study aims to analyze the effect of the dual lumen cannula malposition on right-atrial hemodynamics in neonatal patients using an experimentally validated computational fluid dynamics model. Methods: A computer model was developed for clinically approved dual lumen cannula (13Fr Origen Biomedical, Austin, Texas, USA) oriented inside the atrium of a 3-kg neonate with normal venous return. Atrial hemodynamics and dual lumen cannula malposition were systematically simulated for two rotations (antero-atrial and atrio-septal) and four translations (two intravascular movements along inferior vena cava and two dislodged configurations in the atrium). A multi-domain compartmentalized mesh was prepared to allow the site-specific evaluation of important hemodynamic parameters. Transport of each blood stream, blood damage levels, and recirculation times are quantified and compared to dual lumen cannula in proper position. Results: High recirculation levels (39 ± 4%) in malpositioned cases resulted in poor oxygen saturation where maximum recirculation of up to 42% was observed. Apparently, Origen dual lumen cannula showed poor inferior vena cava blood–capturing efficiency (48 ± 8%) but high superior vena cava blood–capturing efficiency (86 ± 10%). Dual lumen cannula malposition resulted in corresponding changes in residence time (1.7 ± 0.5 seconds through the tricuspid). No significant differences in blood damage were observed among the simulated cases compared to normal orientation. Compared to the correct dual lumen cannula position, both rotational and translational displacements of the dual lumen cannula resulted in significant hemodynamic differences. Conclusion: Rotational or translational movement of dual lumen cannula is the determining factor for atrial hemodynamics, venous capturing efficiency, blood residence time, and oxygenated blood delivery. Results obtained through computational fluid dynamics methodology can provide valuable foresight in assessing the performance of the dual lumen cannula in patient-specific configurations.