bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Merger of Energetic Affinity and Optimal Geometry Provides New Class of Boron Nitride Based Sorbents with Unprecedented Hydrogen Storage Capacity
Authors: Shahsavari Rouzbeh , Zhao Shuo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHydrogen is an ideal synthetic fuel because it is lightweight, abundant and its oxidation product (water) is environmentally benign. However, its utilization is impeded by the lack of an efficient storage device. A new building block approach is proposed for an exhaustive search of optimal hydrogen uptakes in a series of low density boron nitride (BN) nanoarchitectures via extensive 3868 ab initio‐based multiscale simulations. By probing various geometries, temperatures, pressures, and doping ratios, these results demonstrate a maximum uptake of 8.65 wt% at 300 K, the highest hydrogen uptake on sorbents at room temperature without doping. Li+ doping of the nanoarchitectures offers a set of optimal combinations of gravimetric and volumetric uptakes, surpassing the US Department of Energy targets. These findings suggest that the merger of energetic affinity and optimal geometry in BN building blocks overcomes the intrinsic limitations of sorbent materials, putting hybrid BN nanoarchitectures on equal footing with hydrides while demonstrating a superior capacity‐kinetics–thermodynamics relationship.
Exosomal miRNA Profiling to Identify Nanoparticle Phagocytic Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Lin , Hao Changfu , Yao Sanqiao , Tang Rong , Guo Wei , Cong Hongbin , Li Jiangfeng , Bao Lei , Wang Di , Li Yiping , Yu Xinghao , Duan Shuyin , Yao Wu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInhaling a dangerous amount of nanoparticles leads to pulmonary inflammatory and immune disorders, which integrates several kinds of cells. Exosomes are suggested to play a crucial role in intercellular communication via miRNA transmission. To investigate the role of exosomal miRNA in nanoparticle phagocytosis, a total of 54 pneumoconiosis patients along with 100 healthy controls are recruited, exosomes derived from their venous blood are collected, and then exosomal miRNAs are profiled with high‐throughput sequencing technology. miRNAs which are differentially expressed are used to predict target genes and conduct functional annotation. Interactions between miRNA hsa‐let‐7a‐5p, hsa‐let‐7i‐5p, and their cotarget gene WASL are found that can affect nanoparticle phagocytosis. The follow‐up analysis of gene structure, tissue specificity, and miRNA‐target gene regulatory mode supports the findings. Specially, the assumption is further confirmed via a series of cellular experiments, and the fibroblast transdifferentiate rate that is used as an indicator of nanoparticle phagocytosis decreased when elevating miRNA expression level. Thus, data in this study indicate that downregulation of miRNA hsa‐let‐7a‐5p and hsa‐let‐7i‐5p contributes to WASL elevation, promoting WASL and VASP complex formation, which is necessary for initiating Arp2/3 induced phagocytosis.
Highly Active, Durable Ultrathin MoTe2 Layers for the Electroreduction of CO2 to CH4
Authors: Liu Xijun , Yang Hui , He Jia , Liu Haoxuan , Song Lida , Li Lan , Luo Jun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe electroreduction of CO2 to CH4 is a highly desirable, challenging research topic. In this study, an electrocatalytic system comprising ultrathin MoTe2 layers and an ionic liquid electrolyte for the reduction of CO2 to methane is reported, efficiently affording methane with a faradaic efficiency of 83 ± 3% (similar to the best Cu‐based catalysts reported thus far) and a durable activity of greater than 45 h at a relatively high current density of 25.6 mA cm−2 (−1.0 VRHE). The results obtained can facilitate research on the design of other transition‐metal dichalcogenide electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to valuable fuels.
Role of fault ride‐through strategies for power grids with 100% power electronic‐interfaced distributed renewable energy resources
Authors: Meegahapola Lasantha , Datta Manoj , Nutkani Inam , Conroy James 
Published: March 2018

Electricity networks are evolving rapidly with the large‐scale integration of power electronic (PE)‐interfaced distributed renewable energy resources (DRERs). With this rapid deployment of PE‐interfaced renewables, requirements set for the PE‐interfaced DRERs have also evolved to maintain grid security and reliability. Fault ride‐through (FRT) is an essential requirement which should be adhered by DRERs, which will ensure security and reliability of the power system during grid faults. This paper critically reviews the existing FRT standards (grid‐code requirements) and FRT strategies implemented/ proposed for major DRERs, such as wind energy conversion systems (WECSs), solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, and microgrids. According to the review, robust FRT strategies are implemented/proposed DRERs, however, the FRT grid codes are presently developed with the perspective of both synchronous and renewable generation operating in the power system. However, this current approach should be augmented considering 100% PE‐based renewable energy scenarios, and emerging issues, such as high penetration of PE‐interfaced small‐scale renewable generators (e.g., domestic solar‐PV systems) and recurring grid faults, to achieve a sustainable renewable energy future.This article is categorized under:

Concentrating Solar Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Photovoltaics > Systems and Infrastructure
Cytoplasmic functions of long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Noh Ji Heon , Kim Kyoung Mi , McClusky Waverly G. , Abdelmohsen Kotb , Gorospe Myriam 
Published: March 2018

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides found throughout the cell that lack protein‐coding function. Their functions are closely linked to their interaction with RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) and nucleic acids. Nuclear lncRNAs have been studied extensively, revealing complexes with structural and regulatory roles that enable gene organization and control transcription. Cytoplasmic lncRNAs are less well understood, but accumulating evidence indicates that they also form complexes with diverse structural and regulatory functions. Here, we review our current knowledge of cytoplasmic lncRNAs and the different levels of gene regulation controlled by cytoplasmic lncRNA complexes, including mRNA turnover, translation, protein stability, sponging of cytosolic factors, and modulation of signaling pathways. We conclude by discussing areas of future study needed to elucidate comprehensively the biology of lncRNAs, to further understand the impact of lncRNAs on physiology and design lncRNA‐centered therapeutic strategies.This article is categorized under:
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Low-energy effective field theory below the electroweak scale: operators and matching
Authors: Jenkins Elizabeth E. , Manohar Aneesh V. , Stoffer Peter 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The gauge-invariant operators up to dimension six in the low-energy effective field theory below the electroweak scale are classified. There are 70 Hermitian dimension-five and 3631 Hermitian dimension-six operators that conserve baryon and lepton number, as well as ΔB = ±ΔL = ±1, ΔL = ±2, and ΔL = ±4 operators. The matching onto these operators from the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) up to order 1/Λ2 is computed at tree level. SMEFT imposes constraints on the coefficients of the low-energy effective theory, which can be checked experimentally to determine whether the electroweak gauge symmetry is broken by a single fundamental scalar doublet as in SMEFT. Our results, when combined with the one-loop anomalous dimensions of the low-energy theory and the one-loop anomalous dimensions of SMEFT, allow one to compute the low-energy implications of new physics to leading-log accuracy, and combine them consistently with high-energy LHC constraints.
Quality of Life in Patients with Background of Iatrogenic Bile Duct Injury
Authors: Flores‐Rangel Gustavo Alain , Chapa‐Azuela Oscar , Rosales Alejandro José , Roca‐Vasquez Carmen , Böhm‐González Simone Teresa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere are only a few reports regarding the quality of life of patients who underwent a complicated cholecystectomy with an iatrogenic bile duct injury (IBDI); the results have been heterogeneous and realized with unspecific measures.MethodsThe objective was to determine whether the quality of life of the subjects with a history of IBDI repaired with bilioenteric derivation is modified in the long term with respect to a control group, for which a group of patients with a history of IBDI (group A) was compared with a group of patients with a history of uncomplicated cholecystectomy (group B). Two different measures were used: on the one hand, the SF‐12 questionnaire and on the other hand, a questionnaire was implemented where the patient could determine by himself which variables define his quality of life.ResultsA total of 46 patients were included in group A and 51 in group B. The analysis of the SF‐12 questionnaire showed a statistical significant reduction in 4 of 8 of the evaluated parameters (general health, physical functioning, physical role and social functioning) in group A in comparison with group B. If a more specific questionnaire is used, the results are similar, with a statistically significant reduction in the quality of life within the group A (0.03).ConclusionsWe conclude that the quality of life of patients with a history of bilioenteric derivation due to an IBDI decreases significantly compared to patients with uncomplicated cholecystectomy.
Tetrahydrobiopterin treatment reduces brain L‐Phe but only partially improves serotonin in hyperphenylalaninemic ENU1/2 mice
Authors: Scherer Tanja , Allegri Gabriella , Sarkissian Christineh N. , Ying Ming , Grisch‐Chan Hiu Man , Rassi Anahita , Winn Shelley R. , Harding Cary O. , Martinez Aurora , Thöny Beat 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) caused by hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency has severe consequences on brain monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism. We have studied monoamine neurotransmitter status and the effect of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) treatment in Pahenu1/enu2 (ENU1/2) mice, a model of partial PAH deficiency. These mice exhibit elevated blood L‐phenylalanine (L‐Phe) concentrations similar to that of mild hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), but brain levels of L‐Phe are still ~5‐fold elevated compared to wild‐type. We found that brain L‐tyrosine, L‐tryptophan, BH4 cofactor and catecholamine concentrations, and brain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity were normal in these mice but that brain serotonin, 5‐hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA) and 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) content, and brain TH protein, as well as tryptophan hydroxylase type 2 (TPH2) protein levels and activity were reduced in comparison to wild‐type mice. Parenteral L‐Phe loading conditions did not lead to significant changes in brain neurometabolite concentrations. Remarkably, enteral BH4 treatment, which normalized brain L‐Phe levels in ENU1/2 mice, lead to only partial recovery of brain serotonin and 5HIAA concentrations. Furthermore, indirect evidence indicated that the GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) feedback regulatory protein (GFRP) complex may be a sensor for brain L‐Phe elevation to ameliorate the toxic effects of HPA. We conclude that BH4 treatment of HPA toward systemic L‐Phe lowering reverses elevated brain L‐Phe content but the recovery of TPH2 protein and activity as well as serotonin levels is suboptimal, indicating that patients with mild HPA and mood problems (depression or anxiety) treated with the current diet may benefit from supplementation with BH4 and 5‐OH‐tryptophan.
If My Blood Pressure Is High, Do I Take It to Heart? Behavioral Effects of Biomarker Collection in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Edwards Ryan D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStarting in 2006, respondents in the biennial U.S. Health and Retirement Study were asked to submit biomarkers every other wave and were notified of several results. Rates of undiagnosed high blood pressure and diabetes according to these biomarkers were 1.5 % and 0.7 %, respectively. An intent-to-treat analysis suggests that collection and notification had small effects on the average respondent and may have reduced health care utilization. Among respondents who received notification of potentially dangerous biomarker levels, subsequent rates of new diagnosis and associated pharmaceutical usage increased by 20 to 40 percentage points, an order of magnitude above baseline. High blood glucose A1C was associated with a 2.2 % drop in weight and an increase in exercise among respondents without a previous diagnosis of diabetes. Notifications appear also to have altered health behaviors by spouses, suggesting household responses to health maintenance. Biomarker collection seems to have altered circumstances for an interesting minority of HRS respondents.
Fratura bilateral do colo do fêmur secundária a crise convulsiva: Tratamento com artroplastia total do quadril pelo acesso anterior direto
Authors: Kimura Osamu de Sandes , de Moraes Rui Felipe Pache , Fernandes Marco Bernardo Cury , Freitas Emílio Henrique Carvalho , Seabra Alexandre , Lima George Kalif 
Published: March 2018

ResumoA fratura bilateral do colo do fêmur secundária à crise convulsiva é um evento raro. A ocorrência dessas lesões está relacionada a contrações musculares tônico-clônicas vigorosas e ao uso de medicações anticonvulsivantes. As fraturas do colo do fêmur no adulto jovem tratadas com artroplastia total do quadril são exceção, e a escolha do acesso cirúrgico deve levar em consideração diversos fatores; o acesso anterior direto é uma possibilidade para artroplastia total do quadril. Os autores apresentam o caso de um homem de 36 anos com fratura bilateral do colo do fêmur secundária a crise convulsiva e em uso regular de fenitoína. Devido ao risco de falha da fixação e ao tempo de evolução prolongado, optou-se pela artroplastia total do quadril bilateral. A escolha da via de acesso deve levar em consideração a anatomia do paciente, a disponibilidade de materiais e a experiência do cirurgião. Dessa forma, a maior facilidade de preparo e posicionamento do paciente, o menor tempo de internação, a reabilitação pós-operatória precoce e o domínio da técnica pelo cirurgião são possíveis justificativas para a adoção do acesso anterior direto.
Protecting Healthcare Personnel in Outpatient Settings: The Influence of Mandatory Versus Nonmandatory Influenza Vaccination Policies on Workplace Absenteeism During Multiple Respiratory Virus Seasons
Authors: Frederick John , Brown Alexandria C. , Cummings Derek A. , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Gibert Cynthia L. , Gorse Geoffrey J. , Los Jenna G. , Nyquist Ann-Christine , Perl Trish M. , Price Connie S. , Radonovich Lewis J. , Reich Nicholas G. , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C. , Bessesen Mary T. , Simberkoff Michael S. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of mandatory and nonmandatory influenza vaccination policies on vaccination rates and symptomatic absenteeism among healthcare personnel (HCP).DESIGNRetrospective observational cohort study.SETTINGThis study took place at 3 university medical centers with mandatory influenza vaccination policies and 4 Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare systems with nonmandatory influenza vaccination policies.PARTICIPANTSThe study included 2,304 outpatient HCP at mandatory vaccination sites and 1,759 outpatient HCP at nonmandatory vaccination sites.METHODSTo determine the incidence and duration of absenteeism in outpatient settings, HCP participating in the Respiratory Protection Effectiveness Clinical Trial at both mandatory and nonmandatory vaccination sites over 3 viral respiratory illness (VRI) seasons (2012–2015) reported their influenza vaccination status and symptomatic days absent from work weekly throughout a 12-week period during the peak VRI season each year. The adjusted effects of vaccination and other modulating factors on absenteeism rates were estimated using multivariable regression models.RESULTSThe proportion of participants who received influenza vaccination was lower each year at nonmandatory than at mandatory vaccination sites (odds ratio [OR], 0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07–0.11). Among HCP who reported at least 1 sick day, vaccinated HCP had lower symptomatic days absent compared to unvaccinated HCP (OR for 2012–2013 and 2013–2014, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72–0.93; OR for 2014–2015, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69–0.95).CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that mandatory HCP influenza vaccination policies increase influenza vaccination rates and that HCP symptomatic absenteeism diminishes as rates of influenza vaccination increase. These findings should be considered in formulating HCP influenza vaccination policies.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:452–461
A DUE DILIGENCE STANDARD OF ATTRIBUTION IN CYBERSPACE
Authors: Chircop Luke 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe technical and legal challenges of attribution in cyberspace prevent the meaningful operation of the international law framework of State responsibility. Despite the anticipation surrounding its publication, theTallinn Manual 2.0went no further than its predecessor in offering a cogent legal solution to this problem. Instead, the Manual confined its analysis of attribution to the well-known provisions of the International Law Commission's Articles on State Responsibility. This article departs from theTallinn Manual 2.0in arguing that the due diligence principle offers a preferable and appropriate standard of attribution in cyberspace.
Dirty Hands and Moral Injury
Authors: Wiinikka-Lydon Joseph 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMoral injury describes the effects of violence on veterans beyond what trauma discourse can describe. I put moral injury in conversation with a separate but related concept, dirty hands. Focusing on Michael Walzer's framing of dirty hands and Jonathan Shay's understanding of moral injury, I argue that moral injury can be seen as part of the dirt of a political leader's dirty hands decisions. Such comparison can focus more attention on the broader institutional context in which such dirty hands decisions are executed, while contributing to the growing vocabulary of moral conflict, trauma, and harm.
A Tesla-type long-pulse generator with wide flat-top width based on a double-width pulse-forming line
Authors: Liu Sheng , Su Jian-Cang , Zhang Xibo , Pan Ya-Feng , Fan Hong-Yan , Fan Xu-Liang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo produce pulses with good flat-top quality, pulse-forming lines (PFLs) have been widely used in the field of Tesla-type pulse generators. To shorten the physical length of the PFL, a double-width PFL (DWPFL) is proposed that doubles the output pulse width while maintaining flat-top quality. A repetitively 10 GW Tesla-type long-pulse generator producing pulses with flat-top width of about 110 ns was developed with a coaxial DWPFL to produce high-current electron beams. Electron beams of about 10 GW with flat-top widths of about 110 ns were obtained on a planar vacuum diode load. With this pulse generator and a C-band high-power microwave system, microwaves of ~2.2 GW power and full-width at half-maximum of 101 ns were generated. The experiment demonstrates the feasibility and ideal output waveform quality of the DWPFL.
For the Orphan, the Widow, the Poor: How to Curb Enforcing by Vulture Funds against the Highly Indebted Poor Countries
Authors: MEGLIANI MAURO 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe dynamic of the secondary market for sovereign debt has been affected by the presence of a peculiar category of holders: vulture funds. These funds, specializing in purchasing the debt of sovereign states in distress at a discounted market price, stay aloof from restructuring processes and then enforce their claims in courts to secure the face value. For low revenue debtor countries, paying the claims may involve reducing the resources available for basic services to the population. For very poor countries this also involves a significant regression in terms of development. Against this background, the purpose of this work is to inquire whether and to what extent there exists a rule permitting the suspending and rescheduling of payments so as to pay dues without impairing services. In order to find such a rule, inquiry is to be made into general norms: necessity and public policy. It is under the umbrella of the truly international public policy that the duty of a state to provide certain basic services to its population can be subsumed and the corollary of the suspension and rescheduling of these payments consistently with this duty can be applied.
Evaluation of Postemergence-Directed Herbicides for Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control in Fresh-Market Tomato
Authors: Boyd Nathan S. , Dittmar Peter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurple nutsedge is difficult to control in vegetable plasticulture due to its ability to penetrate the plastic mulch. Experiments were conducted in Spring 2011 and 2012 at the Plant Science Research and Education Center in Citra, Florida, and in Spring and Fall 2013 at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Balm, Florida. The objective was to determine tomato (cv. Amelia, Charger, and Florida 47) tolerance and purple nutsedge response to herbicides and herbicide tank-mixes applied POST-directed to base of tomato. Chlorimuron-ethyl, flazasulfuron, fomesafen, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron applied POST-directed to the base of the crop did not cause crop damage. Halosulfuron or tank-mixes that contained halosulfuron tended to provide the greatest nutsedge suppression in all experiments. Halosulfuron or nicosulfuron+rimsulfuron applications when tomato (cv. Charger) were flowering reduced marketable yields by 22-28% compared to the nontreated control. No yield reductions occurred with Florida 47 or Amelia cultivars. Flazasulfuron provided similar purple nutsedge suppression to halosulfuron and did not damage tomato. Tank-mixes that contained halosulfuron tended not to provide any added benefit over halosulfuron alone. This research identified herbicides that are safe for use as a POST-directed application in tomato. Additional research is needed to evaluate efficacy of these herbicides on broadleaf weeds.
Circular DNA elements of chromosomal origin are common in healthy human somatic tissue
Authors: Møller Henrik Devitt , Mohiyuddin Marghoob , Prada-Luengo Iñigo , Sailani M. Reza , Halling Jens Frey , Plomgaard Peter , Maretty Lasse , Hansen Anders Johannes , Snyder Michael P. , Pilegaard Henriette , Lam Hugo Y. K. , Regenberg Birgitte 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe human genome is generally organized into stable chromosomes, and only tumor cells are known to accumulate kilobase (kb)-sized extrachromosomal circular DNA elements (eccDNAs). However, it must be expected that kb eccDNAs exist in normal cells as a result of mutations. Here, we purify and sequence eccDNAs from muscle and blood samples from 16 healthy men, detecting ~100,000 unique eccDNA types from 16 million nuclei. Half of these structures carry genes or gene fragments and the majority are smaller than 25 kb. Transcription from eccDNAs suggests that eccDNAs reside in nuclei and recurrence of certain eccDNAs in several individuals implies DNA circularization hotspots. Gene-rich chromosomes contribute to more eccDNAs per megabase and the most transcribed protein-coding gene in muscle, TTN (titin), provides the most eccDNAs per gene. Thus, somatic genomes are rich in chromosome-derived eccDNAs that may influence phenotypes through altered gene copy numbers and transcription of full-length or truncated genes.