bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image processing‐based noise‐resilient insulator defect detection using YOLOv8x
Authors: Hasan Shagor , Rahman Md. Abdur , Islam Md. Rashidul , Tusher Animesh Sarkar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAccurate and efficient insulator defect detection is critical for power grid reliability, but it can be affected by the presence of noises in captured images and can be difficult to employ for real‐time operation due to the slow processing of the detection scheme. This paper proposes a novel framework based on the YOLOv8x object detection scheme, addressing the challenge of detecting small defects in complex aerial images and providing a noise mitigation scheme. A Gaussian blur and Laplacian sharpening‐based hybrid scheme is proposed to mitigate the impacts of noises in insulator images. Experimental results indicate that the proposed framework can achieve a mean average precision (mAP) of 98.4% on noise‐free images, surpassing benchmark models, such as YOLOv5x and YOLOv7 by 2.1% and 3.9%, respectively. Also, while the performance of a conventional system can decrease to a mAP of 93.3% in the worst case, the implementation of the proposed mitigation scheme ensures a mAP of 96.7% for that case. With an inference speed of 56.9 ms per image, this approach offers a promising solution for real‐time power line inspection, contributing to enhanced power grid maintenance and safety.
A novel approach for encryption and decryption of digital imaging and communications using mathematical modelling in internet of medical things
Authors: Thalapathiraj S. , Arunnehru J. , Bharathi V. C. , Dhanasekar R. , Vijayaraja L. , Kannadasan R. , Faheem Muhammad , Khan Arfat Ahmad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research introduces an innovative algorithm for the encryption and decryption of greyscale digital imaging and communications in medicine images utilizing Laplace transforms. The proposed method presents a ground breaking approach to image encryption, effectively concealing visual information and ensuring a robust, secure, and reliable encryption process. By leveraging the inherent strengths of Laplace transform, the algorithm guarantees the complete retrieval of the original image without any loss, provided the correct decryption key is used. To thoroughly evaluate the performance of the algorithm, multiple tests were conducted, including extensive statistical analyses and assessments of encryption quality. Key performance metrics were carefully measured, including correlation coefficients and entropy values, which ranged from 7.89 to 7.99. Additionally, the algorithm's effectiveness was demonstrated through peak signal‐to‐noise ratio values, which spanned from 7.597 to 9.915, indicating the degree of similarity between the original and encrypted images. Furthermore, the number of pixels change rate values, ranging from 99.519241 to 99.609375, highlighted the algorithm's ability to produce significantly different encrypted images from the original. The unified average changing intensity values, falling between 35.72345678 and 35.78233456, further underscored the algorithm's proficiency in altering pixel intensities uniformly. Overall, this research offers a significant advancement in the field of image encryption, combining theoretical robustness with practical efficiency.
Mythen in der Kinderrheumatologie – Stimmt es eigentlich, dass…?
Authors: Freudenhammer Mirjam , Hufnagel Markus 
Published: December 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGInfektionen und Impfungen spielen in der Kinderrheumatologie in mehrfacher Hinsicht eine wichtige Rolle und sorgen sowohl bei Kinderärzten als auch bei Eltern regelmäßig für Verunsicherung. So wird gemeinhin davon ausgegangen, dass Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen, insbesondere unter antirheumatischer Medikation, eine erhöhte Anfälligkeit für Infektionen aufweisen. Daher kommt insbesondere Impfungen zur Prävention von Infektionen eine zentrale Rolle zu. Gleichzeitig würden die meisten Kinderrheumatologen aus Erfahrung wohl zustimmen, dass Infektionen oder Impfungen Schübe triggern können. Und dann kommt Infektionen nach der Hygienehypothese sogar möglicherweise eine präventive Funktion zu…? Einige der verbreiteten Annahmen werden im vorliegenden Artikel etwas genauer unter die Lupe genommen und auf ihre Evidenz hin überprüft
A 62 Hz high-Q 4-spiral mechanical resonator fabricated of a silicon wafer
Authors: Klochkov Y. Yu. , Mitrofanov V. P. 
Published: December 2024

High purity silicon is considered as the test mass material for future cryogenic gravitational-wave detectors, in particular Einstein Telescope-low frequency and LIGO Voyager [(LIGO) Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory]. To reduce the thermal noise of the test masses, it is necessary to study the sources of corresponding losses. Mechanical resonators with frequencies 300 Hz–6 kHz are successfully used for studying, for example, losses in optical coatings of the test mass. However, the frequency range of the interferometric gravitational-wave detectors starts at 10 Hz, and the investigation of different dissipation mechanisms for the test masses in the low-frequency region is relevant. We developed a design of a four-spiral mechanical resonator for studying dissipation and noise in the low frequency range. The resonator was fabricated of a 3-in. silicon wafer using an anisotropic wet etching technique. It consists of four spiral cantilevers on a common base, linked together with additional coupling beams for increasing the frequency difference between the resonator normal modes corresponding to the fundamental flexural off-plane mode of a single spiral cantilever. The measured Q-factor of the 62 Hz out-of-phase mode of the four-spiral silicon resonator at room temperature is limited mainly by the thermoelastic loss. At 123 K, the measured Q = (1.5 ± 0.3) × 107. The main contribution to the total loss comes from clamping and surface losses.
A physically modelled selection function for compact binary mergers in the LIGO-Virgo O3 run and beyond
Authors: Lorenzo-Medina Ana , Dent Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite the observation of nearly 100 compact binary coalescence (CBC) events up to the end of the Advanced gravitational-wave (GW) detectors’ third observing run (O3), there remain fundamental open questions regarding their astrophysical formation mechanisms and environments. Population analysis should yield insights into these questions, but requires careful control of uncertainties and biases. GW observations have a strong selection bias: this is due first to the dependence of the signal amplitude on the source’s (intrinsic and extrinsic) parameters, and second to the complicated nature of detector noise and of current detection methods. In this work, we introduce a new physically-motivated model of the sensitivity of GW searches for CBC events, aimed at enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of population reconstructions. In contrast to current methods which rely on re-weighting simulated signals (injections) via importance sampling, we model the probability of detection of binary black hole (BBH) mergers as a smooth, analytic function of source masses, orbit-aligned spins, and distance, fitted to accurately match injection results. The estimate can thus be used for population models whose signal distribution over parameter space differs significantly from the injection distribution. Our method has already been used in population studies such as reconstructing the BBH merger rate dependence on redshift.
Properties of interacting quark star in light of Rastall gravity
Authors: Banerjee Ayan , Pradhan Anirudh , Sakallı İzzet , Dixit Archana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explores the properties of quark stars (QSs) formulated with an interacting quark matter equation of state within the framework of Rastall gravity, a modified theory of gravity. We derive the mass-radius relationships and calculate the maximum gravitational masses and their corresponding radii, comparing these results under both Rastall gravity and general relativity. Our analysis incorporates recent observational data, including the GW190425 event, to constrain the model parameters (

λ
¯

,
η
,

B
eff

). We also assess the stability of these QSs by evaluating their static stability, adiabatic index, and sound velocity profiles, thus confirming their viability within the modified gravitational framework.
Non-local quantum field theory from doubly special relativity
Authors: Relancio J J , Santamaría-Sanz L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Doubly special relativity (DSR) is usually regarded as a low-energy limit of a quantum gravity theory with testable predictions. On the other hand, non-local quantum field theories have been presented as a solution to the inconsistencies arising when quantizing gravity. Here, we present a new formulation of quantum field theories in DSR with non-local behavior. Our construction restricts the models to those showing linear Lorentz invariance. We derive the deformed Klein–Gordon, Dirac, and electromagnetic Lagrangians, as well as the deformed Maxwell equations. We also discuss the electric potential of a point charge. Finally, we analyze the connection between the nonlocality of field theories and DSR.
Tailoring the performance of the multidimensional electrostatically formed nanowire gas sensor
Authors: Mukherjee Anwesha , ShemTov Idan , Sharma Bhavya , Rosenwaks Yossi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Multi-gate field effect transistors (FETs) based on silicon-on-insulator have been popular for several decades due to their improved electrostatic control of the channel current between the source and the drain. Chemical sensors based on such multi-gate FET platform can leverage this improved electrostatic control to detect gases at very low concentration with ultrahigh sensitivity. Electrostatically formed nanowire (EFN) is a multiple-gate FET device which has proven to be an excellent platform for detecting volatile organic compounds and gases. In case of such multi-gate FET sensors, it is imperative to rigorously understand the influence of each gate in controlling the sensing performances. Using palladium nanoparticles decorated EFN (Pd-EFN) as an example, the current work presents a detailed methodology for determining the operating parameters for maximal sensing performances of the Pd-EFN sensor towards hydrogen sensing. We observed that a single operating point does not yield best results with regard to sensor response, dynamic range, and power efficiency. By optimizing the operating points (by varying the different gate biases), a sensor response of 107% was reached even at low concentrations of hydrogen (500 ppm) which is significantly lower than the lower explosive limit of 4% and a tunable dynamic range over three decades (4–8000 ppm) was obtained. Also, the sensor response was not compromised at low driving voltages (100 mV) thus contributing to low power consumption of the sensor. Such a correlation between the working point of the transistor and the various sensor performance metrics (maximum sensor response, dynamic range etc) has not been studied before to the best of our knowledge and this study can be extended to EFN for other gases and any other multi-gate FET sensors (not limited to Si based sensors). This study can pave the way for effective design of future multi-gate transistors for gas sensing.
Tunable directional radiation and reception based on magneto-optical photonic crystal waveguides
Authors: Huang Yuhao , Zheng Yidong , Li Zhi-Yuan , Liang Wenyao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We have proposed a magneto-optical photonic crystal (MOPC) waveguide that can not only realize highly directional radiation but also work as an electromagnetic (EM) wave receiver. This waveguide consists of a square MOPC and a covering layer of Al2O3 PC tilted at 45° that allows for the penetration of EM waves. Due to the broken time-reversal symmetry caused by an external magnetic field, there exists a unidirectional leaky topological edge state within the photonic bandgap. Such the leaky edge state transmits unidirectional and radiates into the air simultaneously, leading to a broadside radiation beam with a low half-power beam width of less than 4°. More importantly, the radiation direction of the beam can be tuned over a wide angular range by adjusting the operation frequency or the magnetic field strength. Besides, this designed waveguide can also act as a tunable receiver for capturing incident EM waves effectively. These results have potential for various practical applications, such as antennas and sensors.
Intrinsic defects in α-

Al

2

O

3

: structural and electronic properties
Authors: Xiang Bo , Feng Muti , Zheng Ruogu , Wang Hai , Guo Long , Wang Qingbo , Jin Lei , Zhong Hongxia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Due to their high dielectric constants and wide band gaps,

Al

2

O

3

has become popular in semiconductor applications, but with high-density interface defect structures. Understanding the structural distortions of intrinsic defects and their impact on electronic properties, is of particular importance for the applications. Herein, we study the impacts of four intrinsic defects on the structural and electronic properties of α-

Al

2

O

3

using first-principles calculations. The four intrinsic defects cause structural distortions at their respective defect sites and defect states within the band gap, with

O

i

inducing the most significant distortions and exhibiting the most complex defect states accordingly. When the Fermi level is 3.05 eV under O-poor conditions, VO
is the most favorable defects based on the formation energy calculations. Additionally, the intrinsic defects in α-

Al

2

O

3

can effectively modulate band edges, and thus modify the leakage currents. In summary, our results provide significant theoretical insights for α-

Al

2

O

3

-based semiconductor applications.
Reflectionless filtering power divider with wide passband using LTCC technology
Authors: Feng Wenyuan , Yuan Xue , Wang Dongxu , Chen Jianzhong , Xu Kai-Da 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a reflectionless filtering power divider (FPD) in low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The proposed FPD consists of a pair of parallel-coupled lines (PCLs), an absorptive bandstop filtering (ABSF) section and a Wilkinson power divider section, which are distributed in different LTCC layers. A controllable wide passband is realized by quarter-wavelength PCLs and reflectionless performance at the out-of-band is achieved by employing a lossy resistor loaded in the ABSF section. For demonstration, a prototype of the proposed FPD operating at 6.5 GHz with a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 60% is designed and fabricated using LTCC. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones, which validates the theoretical prediction and design idea.
A single layer 1-bit ultra-wideband conformal metasurface for RCS-reduction with polarization conversion
Authors: Liu Youya , Jiang Dapeng , Fu Yang , Zhou Xiaofeng , Ding Fan , Yang Helin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a single layer 1-bit linear polarization converter for reducing the ultra-wideband radar cross section (RCS) of both planar and conformal surfaces. The layout of the supercells was optimized using the simulated annealing algorithm, achieving an average RCS reduction of over 10 dB in the range of 6.39–18.1 GHz in the planar case. By conforming the metasurface with cylinders of different radius of curvature, the result still meets the requirement of a 10 dB reduction within the bandwidth, which solves the expansion of the RCS reduction from planar to curved surfaces. Sample was prepared and experiments were conducted. The test results were consistent with the simulation results, indicating that the designed metasurface has potential applications in electromagnetic stealth for large targets.
A sound insulation cooling fin for broadband noise control and ventilation
Authors: Liao Weiwei , Hao Jia , Luo Xiaobing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The noise generated by the ultrathin centrifugal fan in a laptop can significantly impact user comfort. While optimizing the fan itself for noise control is important, addressing noise propagation is also crucial. Due to space limitations inside a laptop, adding an extra component for noise control is nearly impossible. Therefore, modifying the cooling fin outside of the fan outlet for sound insulation can be an effective solution. A sound insulation cooling fin is proposed to provide broadband noise insulation while maintaining proper ventilation. Through the introduction of a coupled area change passage, noise at specific frequencies at the passage outlet can be managed to be insulated due to the destructive interference. The effectiveness of the unit’s sound insulation is verified through an impedance tube measurement. Moreover, combining different units can create a multi-peak sound insulation effect which is suitable for various noise conditions. To meet the demand of real situations, a reversal design flow combining neural network and nonlinear constrained optimization algorithm is developed. As a result, a sound cooling fin combing 2 sound insulation units featuring 4013 Hz and 6000 Hz is fabricated and the actual insulation performance is measured in an anechoic chamber. The sound transmission loss at the designed frequency range reaches 5 dB, aligning well with the simulation results. The sound insulation cooling fin has the potential to be widely used for noise control in small-scale electronic devices.
Nickelocene SPM tip as a molecular spin sensor
Authors: Pinar Solé Andrés , Kumar Manish , Soler-Polo Diego , Stetsovych Oleksandr , Jelínek Pavel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Functionalization of a scanning microscopy probe with a single nickelocene allows reproducible spin-sensitive measurements of magnetic systems on surfaces. The triplet ground state of the nickelocene tip gives rise to a characteristic inelastic electron spin-flip excitation, which can change upon interaction with spin systems on the surface. These changes, together with theoretical simulations, enable us to determine the local spin moment on the surface. In this paper, we discuss the experimental and theoretical aspects of nickelocene-tip measurements. We rationalize the interactions between the nickelocene spin and the magnetic centers using a spin Heisenberg and dipole model, complemented by cotunneling theory, and compare the simulated dI/dV with selected experimental results. We developed a Python script to simulate this magnetic interaction, which is available on GitHub.
A remarkable match of optical response in the amorphous-crystalline and zinc blende-rock salt phase pairs of GeTe
Authors: Plekhanov E A , Tchougréeff A L , Kolobov A V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite a large amount of theoretical and experimental work performed so far, the search of phase change materials (PCMs) is done with use of numerical modeling. However, it is not fully clear how and why the phase change translates into the optical contrast. In this work, we argue that a key prerequisite for a material to have a pronounced difference in optical properties between crystalline and glassy phases of PCM is the similar contrast between the observed crystalline and (may be experimentally inaccessible) parent crystalline polymorph of the glassy phase. To illustrate this claim, we report a comparison of dynamic dielectric function of zinc-blende (α-ZnS), CsCl, and rock-salt (NaCl) phases of the binary

A

IV

B

VI

PCM exemplified by the well known GeTe prototype compound with experimental data and supply a theoretical explanation to the observed behavior based on topological properties of the Fermi surfaces appearing in the protoptypic ‘degenerate’ crystals with A = B having the same local structure as the parent polymorphs and derived from simple analytical model. By this, we arrive to a qualitative rather than purely numeric guidance for possible search of the novel phase-change materials.
RBNN with cycle-based parameter updates and its application to RUL prediction
Authors: Guo Runxia , Wang Siying , Luo Xianfeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) combine Bayesian theory with deep learning, providing a probabilistic interpretation of deep learning models. Traditional BNNs typically assume that model prior follows a standard Gaussian distribution, which may not accurately reflect the actual situation. To address this issue, this paper proposes a recurrent BNN (RBNN) that employs two trainable Gaussian distributions as priors. Furthermore, an alternating cycle model parameter update algorithm is designed accordingly, which not only prevents overfitting to specific data during training but also enhances the robustness of model parameters in error approximation. Additionally, this RBNN module can be integrated with classical neural network architecture conveniently. By integrating the RBNN with a temporal convolutional network, the effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated using a dataset for remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of gear and bearing components in civil aircraft. Comparative studies show that the integrated model outperforms traditional methods in terms of RUL prediction and uncertainty quantification, offering superior accuracy and robustness, and the RMSE of the RBNN prediction results is reduced by 17.7% and score is increased by 27.5% compared to BNN.
Enhanced RUL predictions of rolling bearings using a nonlinear Wiener model with an extended incremental Kalman filter
Authors: Li Junxing , Fan Jiahui , Wang Zhihua , Zhang Zhiwen , Pang Xiaoxu , Qiu Ming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of rolling bearings, a novel two-stage degradation model is constructed, taking into account the two-phase characteristics of bearing performance degradation, which includes stable (stage 1) and degrading (stage 2) phases. The model employs an autoregressive model and a nonlinear Wiener process to describe the performance degradation at each stage. Subsequently, a residual cumulative sum control chart is proposed to identify the first change-point from stage 1 to stage 2. In response to the limitations of existing extended Kalman filter methods that overlook the dynamic characteristics of state increments for state updates, an adaptive extended increment Kalman filter is introduced to update the degradation state and achieve accurate RUL predictions of rolling bearings. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of this method are validated using a self-constructed dataset from 16 004 bearing test data and XJTU-SY bearing data. The results demonstrate that this approach can accurately identify the first change-point and enhance the accuracy of RUL predictions.