bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting 25 years of system motivation explanation for system justification from the perspective of social identity model of system attitudes
Authors: Owuamalam Chuma Kevin , Rubin Mark , Spears Russell 
Published: October 2018

Do the disadvantaged have an autonomous system justification motivation that operates against their personal and group interests? System justification theory (SJT; Jost & Banaji, 1994, Br. J. Soc. Psychol, 33, 1) proposes that they do and that this motivation helps to (1) reduce cognitive dissonance and associated uncertainties and (2) soothe the pain that is associated with knowing that one's group is subject to social inequality. However, 25 years of research on this system justification motivation has given rise to several theoretical and empirical inconsistencies. The present article argues that these inconsistencies can be resolved by a social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA; Owuamalam, Rubin, & Spears, 2018, Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci, 27, 91). SIMSA assumes that instances of system justification are often in alignment with (rather than opposed to) the interests of the disadvantaged. According to SIMSA, the disadvantaged may support social systems (1) in order to acknowledge social reality, (2) when they perceive the wider social system to constitute a superordinate ingroup, and (3) because they hope to improve their ingroup's status through existing channels in the long run. These propositions are corroborated by existing and emerging evidence. We conclude that SIMSA offers a more coherent and parsimonious explanation for system justification than does SJT.
Undiagnosed prediabetes is highly prevalent in primary infertile men – results from a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Boeri Luca , Capogrosso Paolo , Ventimiglia Eugenio , Pederzoli Filippo , Frego Nicola , Cazzaniga Walter , Chierigo Francesco , Alfano Massimo , Piemonti Lorenzo , Viganò Paola , Pontillo Marina , Montanari Emanuele , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo study the prevalence and the risk associated with prediabetes (PreDM) in primary infertile men.Patients and methodsData from 744 infertile men were analysed. Health‐significant comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Serum hormones were measured in every man. Semen analysis was based on 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) reference criteria. PreDM was defined according to the clinical criteria detailed by the American Diabetes Association (Diabetes Care 2014; 37 (Suppl. 1): S81). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses tested the association between PreDM status, hormonal milieu and seminal parameters. The predictive accuracy of all variables was evaluated using the area under the curve, and the clinical net benefit estimated by decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsOf the 744 men, PreDM was found in 114 (15.4%). Men with PreDM (+PreDM) were older, had higher CCI scores, lower total testosterone and sex hormone‐binding globulin but higher follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and 17β‐oestradiol values compared to those without PreDM (−PreDM) (all P ≤ 0.04). Higher sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI; P = 0.014) and idiopathic non‐obstructive azoospermia (iNOA; P < 0.001) were found more frequently in +PreDM men. At multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age, FSH and iNOA (all P ≤ 0.04) were significantly associated with +PreDM status. DCA demonstrated a clinical net benefit in discriminating men at higher risk of a +PreDM status.ConclusionsAbout 15% of primary infertile men had criteria suggestive of undiagnosed PreDM. A PreDM status was associated with a greater risk of hypogonadism, higher DFI values and iNOA status. Age, FSH values and iNOA status could be considered as useful parameters to recognise men with PreDM and implement early preventive interventions in those men at risk of the consequences from poor glycaemic control.
Commentary: Conceptualising demand avoidance in an ASD context – a response to Osman Malik & Gillian Baird (2018)
Authors: O'Nions Elizabeth , Noens Ilse 
Published: October 2018

Malik and Baird (this issue) have raised a number of important points drawing on our study of parent‐reported dimensions of difficulty in children with features of extreme/’pathological’ demand avoidance. In particular, they highlight the pressing need to understand why some children exhibit problematic demand avoidance, and identify factors that promote and maintain these behaviours. As Green et al. () note, children with ASD often show a strong reactivity to the environment. As such, stimuli, activities or interactions that present no problems for typically developing children may unexpectedly provoke extremes of affect. Both Green and colleagues (2018) and Malik & Baird (this issue) highlight a number of possible contributory factors, including sensory sensitivities, difficulty in predicting outcomes, need for sameness, poor tolerance of uncertainty, and fluctuations in autonomic arousal.
Medication‐related dental implant failure: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chappuis Vivianne , Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo , Araújo Mauricio G. , Monje Alberto 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to investigate the association between the intake of systemic medications that may affect bone metabolism and their subsequent impact on implant failures.Material and methodsElectronic and manual literature searches were conducted. Implant failure (IF) was the primary outcome, while biological/mechanical and the causes/timing associated with IF were set as secondary outcomes. Meta‐analyses for the binary outcome IF and odds ratio were performed to investigate the association with medications.ResultsA final selection of 17 articles was screened for qualitative assessment. As such, five studies focused on evaluating the association of implant failure and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), two on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), two on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), seven on bisphosphonates (BPs), and one on anti‐hypertensives (AHTNs). For PPIs, the fixed effect model estimated a difference of IF rates of 4.3%, indicating significantly higher IF rates in the test compared to the control group (p < 0.5). Likewise, for SSRIs, the IF was shown to be significantly higher in the individuals taking SSRIs (p < 0.5) as estimated a difference of 7.5%. No subset meta‐analysis could be conducted for AHTNs medications as only one study fulfilled the inclusion criteria, which revealed an increased survival rate of AHTN medication. None of the other medications yielded significance.ConclusionsThe present systematic review showed an association of PPIs and SSRIs with an increased implant failure rate. Hence, clinicians considering implant therapy should be aware of possible medication‐related implant failures.
The accuracy of different dental impression techniques for implant‐supported dental prostheses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Flügge Tabea , van der Meer Wicher Joerd , Gonzalez Beatriz Gimenez , Vach Kirstin , Wismeijer Daniel , Wang Ping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to assess and compare the accuracy of conventional and digital implant impressions. The review was registered on the PROSPERO register (registration number: CRD42016050730).Material and MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted adhering to PRISMA guidelines to identify studies on implant impressions published between 2012 and 2017. Experimental and clinical studies at all levels of evidence published in peer‐reviewed journals were included, excluding expert opinions. Data extraction was performed along defined parameters for studied specimens, digital and conventional impression specifications and outcome assessment.ResultsSeventy‐nine studies were included for the systematic review, thereof 77 experimental studies, one RCT and one retrospective study. The study setting was in vitro for most of the included studies (75 studies) and in vivo for four studies. Accuracy of conventional impressions was examined in 59 studies, whereas digital impressions were examined in 11 studies. Nine studies compared the accuracy of conventional and digital implant impressions. Reported measurements for the accuracy include the following: (a) linear and angular deviations between reference models and test models fabricated with each impression technique; (b) three‐dimensional deviations between impression posts and scan bodies respectively; and (c) fit of implant‐supported frameworks, assessed by measuring marginal discrepancy along implant abutments.) Meta‐analysis was performed of 62 studies. The results of conventional and digital implant impressions exhibited high values for heterogeneity.ConclusionsThe available data for accuracy of digital and conventional implant impressions have a low evidence level and do not include sufficient data on in vivo application to derive clinical recommendations.
Patient‐reported outcome measures focusing on aesthetics of implant‐ and tooth‐supported fixed dental prostheses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wittneben Julia‐Gabriela , Wismeijer Daniel , Brägger Urs , Joda Tim , Abou‐Ayash Samir 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to summarize the existing evidence on patient‐reported aesthetic outcome measures (PROMs) of implant‐supported, relative to tooth‐supported fixed dental prostheses.Material and MethodsIn April 2017, two reviewers independently searched the Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane electronic databases, focusing on studies including patient‐reported aesthetic outcomes of implant‐ and tooth‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Human studies with a mean follow‐up period of at least 1 year, a minimum of ten patients, and English, German, or French publication were included. For the comparison of subgroups, random‐effects meta‐regression for aggregate‐level data was used.ResultsThe systematic search for implant‐supported prostheses focusing on patient‐reported outcomes identified 2,675 titles, which were screened by two independent authors. Fifty full‐text articles were analyzed, and finally, 16 publications (including 19 relevant study cohorts) were included. For tooth‐supported prostheses, no studies could be included. A total of 816 implant‐supported reconstructions were analyzed by patients. Overall aesthetic evaluation by the patients’ visual analogue scale (VAS) rating was high in implant‐supported FDPs (median: 90.3; min–max: 80.0–94.0) and the surrounding mucosa (median: 84.7; min–max: 73.0–92.0). Individual restorative materials, implant neck design (i.e., tissue or bone level type implants), and the use of a fixed provisional had no effect on patients’ ratings of the definitive implant‐supported FDPs.ConclusionsAesthetics is an important patient‐reported measure, which lacks in standardized methods; however, patients’ satisfaction was high for implant‐ supported FDPs and the surrounding mucosa.
Group 5 ITI Consensus Report: Digital technologies
Authors: Wismeijer Daniel , Joda Tim , Flügge Tabea , Fokas George , Tahmaseb Ali , Bechelli Diego , Bohner Lauren , Bornstein Michael , Burgoyne Allan , Caram Santiago , Carmichael Robert , Chen Chun‐Yung , Coucke Wim , Derksen Wiebe , Donos Nikos , El Kholy Karim , Evans Christopher , Fehmer Vincent , Fickl Stefan , Fragola Guliano , Gimenez Gonzales Beatriz , Gholami Hadi , Hashim Dena , Hui Yu , Kökat Ali , Vazouras Konstantinos , Kühl Sebastian , Lanis Alejandro , Leesungbok Richard , van der Meer Joerd , Liu Zhonghao , Sato Takahiro , De Souza Andre , Scarfe William C. , Tosta Mauro , van Zyl Paul , Vach Kirstin , Vaughn Vida , Vucetic Milan , Wang Ping , Wen Bo , Wu Vivian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesWorking Group 5 was assigned the task to review the current knowledge in the area of digital technologies. Focused questions on accuracy of linear measurements when using CBCT, digital vs. conventional implant planning, using digital vs. conventional impressions and assessing the accuracy of static computer‐aided implant surgery (s‐CAIS) and patient‐related outcome measurements when using s‐CAIS were addressed.Materials and methodsThe literature was systematically searched, and in total, 232 articles were selected and critically reviewed following PRISMA guidelines. Four systematic reviews were produced in the four subject areas and amply discussed in the group. After emendation, they were presented to the plenary where after further modification, they were accepted.ResultsStatic computer‐aided surgery (s‐CAIS), in terms of pain & discomfort, economics and intraoperative complications, is beneficial compared with conventional implant surgery. When using s‐CAIS in partially edentulous cases, a higher level of accuracy can be achieved when compared to fully edentulous cases. When using an intraoral scanner in edentulous cases, the results are dependent on the protocol that has been followed. The accuracy of measurements on CBCT scans is software dependent.ConclusionsBecause the precision intraoral scans and of measurements on CBCT scans and is not high enough to allow for the required accuracy, s‐CAIS should be considered as an additional tool for comprehensive diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical procedures. Flapless s‐CAIS can lead to implant placement outside of the zone of keratinized mucosa and thus must be executed with utmost care.
Cathepsin B inhibition ameliorates leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion in the BTBR mouse model of autism
Authors: Wang Huan , Yin Yi‐Xuan , Gong Dong‐Mei , Hong Ling‐Juan , Wu Gang , Jiang Quan , Wang Cheng‐Kun , Blinder Pablo , Long Sen , Han Feng , Lu Ying‐Mei 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAimsAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders involving deficits in social interaction and communication. Unfortunately, autism remains a scientific and clinical challenge owing to the lack of understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying it. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanism underlying leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion in autism‐related neurovascular inflammation.MethodsMale BTBR T+tf/J mice were used as an autism model. The dynamic pattern of leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion in mouse cerebral vessels was detected by two‐photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). Using FACS, RT‐PCR, and Western blotting, we explored the expression of cell adhesion molecules, the mRNA expression of endothelial chemokine, the protein levels of cathepsin B, and inflammatory mediators.ResultsWe found a significant increase in leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion in BTBR mice, accompanied by elevated expression of the adhesion molecule neutrophils CD11b and endothelial ICAM‐1. Our data further indicate that elevated neutrophil cathepsin B levels contribute to elevated endothelial chemokine CXCL7 levels in BTBR mice. The pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin B reverses the enhanced leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion in the cerebral vessels of autistic mice.ConclusionOur results revealed the prominent role of cathepsin B in modulating leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion during autism‐related neurovascular inflammation and identified a promising novel approach for autism treatment.
Do Metaphors Move From Mind to Mouth? Evidence From a New System of Linguistic Metaphors for Time
Authors: Hendricks Rose K. , Bergen Benjamin K. , Marghetis Tyler 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLanguages around the world use a recurring strategy to discuss abstract concepts: describe them metaphorically, borrowing language from more concrete domains. We “plan ahead” to the future, “count up” to higher numbers, and “warm” to new friends. Past work has found that these ways of talking have implications for how we think, so that shared systems of linguistic metaphors can produce shared conceptualizations. On the other hand, these systematic linguistic metaphors might not just be the cause but also the effect of shared, non‐linguistic ways of thinking. Here, we present a case study of a variety of American English in which a shared, non‐linguistic conceptualization of time has become crystallized as a new system of linguistic metaphors. Speakers of various languages, including English, conceptualize time as a lateral timeline, with the past leftward and the future rightward. Until now, this conceptualization has not been documented in the speech of any language. In two studies, we document how members of the U.S. military, but not U.S. civilians, talk about time using conventionalized lateral metaphors (e.g., “move the meeting right” to mean “move the meeting later”). We argue that, under the right cultural circumstances, implicit mental representations become conventionalized metaphors in language.
Getting less than their fair share: Maltreated youth are hyper‐cooperative yet vulnerable to exploitation in a public goods game
Authors: Keil Jan , Perren Sonja , Schlesier‐Michel Andrea , Sticca Fabio , Sierau Susan , Klein Annette M. , Steinbeis Nikolaus , von Klitzing Kai , White Lars O. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHuman cooperative behavior has long been thought to decline under adversity. However, studies have primarily examinedperceivedpatterns of cooperation, with little eye toactualcooperative behavior embedded within social interaction. Game‐theoretical paradigms can help close this gap by unpacking subtle differences in how cooperation unfolds during initial encounters. This study is the first to use a child‐appropriate, virtual, public goods game to studyactualcooperative behavior in 329 participants aged 9–16 years with histories of maltreatment (n = 99) and no maltreatment (n = 230) while controlling for psychiatric symptoms. Unlike work on perceived patterns of cooperation, we found that maltreated participants actually contribute more resources to a public good during peer interaction than their nonmaltreated counterparts. This effect was robust when controlling for psychiatric symptoms and peer problems as well as demographic variables. We conclude that maltreatment may engender a hyper‐cooperative strategy to minimize the odds of hostility and preserve positive interaction during initial encounters. This, however, comes at the cost of potential exploitation by others.
Masdar City as a Prototype for Eco‐Cities
Authors: Grey Felicia A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the Emirati attempts to revolutionize how urban development is conceptualized and operationalized through its Masdar City project. It argues that although incomplete, the city has become an ecologically friendly space that facilitates technological, economic, social, and educational development. Economic, carbon, and policy issues, however, have affected the completion and full functioning of the City. As a possible prototype for eco‐cities, location, space, and oil influence distinguish the United Arab Emirates from a lot of countries. Masdar City’s structural design, solar energy techniques, and transportation plans, however, are features that can be modeled to build other eco‐cities. The United Arab Emirates can therefore use this venture as a soft power tool as Masdar City’s appeal makes it more culturally, technologically, and environmentally attractive to the rest of the world.
Echocardiography during preload stress for evaluation of right ventricular contractile reserve and exercise capacity in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Sano Hiroyuki , Tanaka Hidekazu , Motoji Yoshiki , Mukai Jun , Suto Makiko , Takada Hiroki , Soga Fumitaka , Hatani Yutaka , Matsuzoe Hiroki , Hatazawa Keiko , Shimoura Hiroyuki , Ooka Junichi , Nakayama Kazuhiko , Matsumoto Kensuke , Yamada Hirotsugu , Emoto Noriaki , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesPulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by marked and sustained elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure, and subsequent right‐sided heart failure. Right ventricular (RV) function and exercise capacity have been recognized as important prognostic factors for PH. Our aim was to investigate RV contractile reserve and exercise capacity during a leg‐positive pressure (LPP) maneuver.MethodsThe study population comprised 43 PH patients and 17 normal controls. All patients underwent echocardiography at rest and during LPP stress. Exercise capacity was assessed by 6‐minute walk distance for PH patients. RV relative wall thickness was calculated from dividing by RV free wall thickness by basal RV linear dimensions at end‐diastole. RV function was calculated by averaging peak speckle‐tracking longitudinal strain from the RV free wall. RV contractile reserve was assessed as the difference in RV free wall strain at rest and during LPP stress. Changes in left ventricular stroke volume (ΔSV) during LPP stress were also calculated.ResultsΔSV and RV contractile reserve of PH patients were significantly lower than of controls (3.6 ± 6.0 mL vs 8.5 ± 2.3 mL, and 8.2 ± 11.9% vs 14.5 ± 6.6%; both P < 0.01). RV contractile reserve of PH patients with ΔSV <3.3 mL was significantly lower than of PH patients with ΔSV >3.3 mL (3.9 ± 13.2% vs 12.3 ± 8.9%; P = 0.02). ΔSV had also significant correlation with 6‐minute walk distance (r = 0.42, P = 0.006). Multivariate regression analysis showed that RV relative wall thickness was an independent determinant parameter of ΔSV during LPP stress for PH patients (β = 3.2, P = 0.003).ConclusionsPreload stress echocardiography in response to LPP maneuver, a noninvasive and easy‐to‐use procedure for routine clinical use, proved to be useful for the assessment of RV contractile reserve and exercise capacity of PH patients.
Prevalence and predictors of restrictive interventions in a youth‐specific mental health inpatient unit
Authors: Goz Kubra , Rudhran Vidyendaran , Blackburn Julie , Schäfer Miriam R. , O'Donoghue Brian 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionThe use of restrictive interventions is one of the most controversial practices in medicine. They are utilized in an inpatient setting to manage agitated or aggressive behaviour or to ensure that an individual receives the necessary treatments. However, restrictive interventions remove autonomy and adverse events can be associated with their practice. Youth‐specific inpatient units (IPUs) are now being established and it is imperative that the use of restrictive interventions is reduced. In order to inform and facilitate prevention and reduction strategies, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of restrictive interventions (restraint, seclusion and medication without consent) in a youth specialist mental health IPU.MethodsThis study was set at a 16‐bed youth specialist acute IPU of Orygen Youth Health, a specialist youth mental health service that provides inpatient care for those aged 18 to 25 years within a catchment area of west and north‐western regions of Melbourne, Australia. A retrospective file audit was conducted of all the admissions to the unit from 01 January 2015 to 30 June 2015.ResultsOver the 6‐month study period, 159 young people were admitted and this accounted for 188 admissions. Over half (54.3%) of admissions were involuntary and restrictive intervention were used in 17.6% of admissions. Specifically, 15.7% (N = 25) of young people experienced restraint, 10.1% (N = 16) were secluded, and 8.1% (N = 12) experienced medication without consent. Absent insight and involuntary status on admission were associated with restrictive interventions.ConclusionAs youth mental health services develop, interventions aimed at reducing restrictive interventions are needed.