bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive ecology of the threatened and endemic freshwater mussel Lampsilis bracteata
Authors: Seagroves L. Ashley , Barnhart M. Christopher , Hardy Thom , Schwalb Astrid N. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The Texas fatmucket, Lampsilis bracteata, is a unionid mussel endemic to the Colorado and upper Guadalupe River basins of Central Texas and a candidate for federal listing under the Endangered Species Act. There is increased interest in propagation and population restoration of threatened mussels in Texas as a potential conservation method, but still little is known about their life histories and how local populations may differ in aspects of their reproductive ecology, e.g. timing of brooding and potential local adaptations to host fish.
The purpose of this study was to compare host fish compatibilities and seasonality of reproduction between two populations: (a) by cross‐infesting fish from the San Saba and Llano Rivers in the Colorado River basin with sympatric and allopatric mussel larvae in the laboratory (hatchery‐produced Guadalupe bass and largemouth bass were also infested); and (b) by assessing gamete concentration, brooding period, viability of larvae and sex ratios using monthly sampling events between February 2017 and February 2018.
Reproduction varied with season and between populations. The proportion of females brooding tended to be lower in the summer and the autumn, and higher during winter and spring months before peak water temperatures were reached. The sex ratio in both populations did not significantly differ from 1:1. Fecundity and larvae viability were higher in the Llano River population compared with the San Saba population. Trematode flatworms were found in several female gonad samples from the San Saba population and in a few samples from the Llano population.
The highest metamorphosis success occurred on wild green sunfish and largemouth bass, and hatchery‐produced largemouth and Guadalupe bass. The average metamorphosis success tended to be higher for some mussel–fish pairings originating from the same tributary, suggesting that mussels may be locally adapted to host fish, which should be considered in conservation efforts.
Release of critically endangered crocodiles: Development and application of a food web approach to determine suitability of release habitat
Authors: McInerney Paul J. , Shackleton Michael E. , Rees Gavin N. , Frechette Jackson L. , Sam Han , Hor Leng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The Siamese Crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) is a critically endangered medium‐size crocodilian endemic to Southeast Asia. Extirpated from much of its natural range, conservation efforts in the Cardamom Mountains of Cambodia include the release of captive‐reared juveniles and sub‐adults into river reaches known to support adult C. siamensis populations. Despite conservation concerns, the biology of wild C. siamensis is not well studied and the ecology of ecosystems at release locations is poorly understood.
Fish are thought to comprise a major component of the diet of C. siamensis. Here, the aim was to characterize fish communities within three potential C. siamensis release locations, focusing on community composition, density, size class structure and food web dynamics. The survey sites varied in both C. siamensis density and human fishing pressure, and the results are interpreted in light of these drivers.
Genomic interrogation of fishes of the Cardamom Mountains distinguished 13 distinct fish species, contributing to genetic databases and adding to the documented taxon list for the region. The presence of two previously unconfirmed fish genera in the region is confirmed. The first estimates of fish density, biomass and size class distribution for three rivers in the Cardamom Mountains are provided.
The three potential C. siamensis release reaches that were sampled showed clear differences in fish community composition, structural and trophic dynamics. Fish density and biomass were highest in the high‐density C. siamensis survey reach and lowest in the high human fishing pressure reach. Survey reaches with food webs that were more reliant on autochonously driven food webs supported higher densities and biomass of fish. These results have important implications for future C. siamensis conservation efforts in Cambodia and contribute valuable ecological information on a relatively unexplored region.
Antimony‐ and Bismuth‐Based Chalcogenides for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Baolin , Qi Shihan , He Pengbin , Ma Jianmin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have received much attention, owing to their great potential for large‐scale application. A lack of efficient anode materials with high reversible capacity is one main challenge facing the development of SIBs. Antimony‐ and bismuth‐based chalcogenides materials can store large amounts of Na+ ions, owing to the alloying/dealloying reaction mechanism within a low potential range, and thus, are regarded as promising anodes for SIBs. However, these materials face great challenges of poor ion diffusion rate, multiple phase transformations, and severe morphology pulverization. Herein, recent developments in antimony‐ and bismuth‐based chalcogenides materials, mainly rational structural design strategies used and the electrochemical reaction mechanisms involved, are summarized. Perspectives for further improving antimony‐ and bismuth‐based chalcogenides anodes are also provided.
Three New MOFs Induced by Organic Linker Coordination Modes: Gas Sorption, Luminescence, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Li Yong‐Zhi , Liu Yang , Lu Yu‐Ke , Ma Li‐Na , Hou Lei , Wang Yao‐Yu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBy using a new 4,6‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl) isophthalic acid ligand (H2bimip) with imidazolyl and carboxyl bifunctional groups, three new MOFs, [Co(bimip)(H2O)0.5]⋅0.5 H2O (1), [Zn(bimip)] (2), and [Mn(bimip)(H2O)2]⋅H2O (3), have been solvothermally synthesized in different solvent systems. H2bimip displays three different coordinated modes through the imidazolyl and carboxyl groups, and different cis–cis and trans–cis configurations, which result in distinct 3D topological frameworks: a (4,8)‐connected scu net for 1; a twofold interpenetrated (4,4)‐connected pts net for 2; and a four‐connected sra net for 3. Compounds 1 and 3 show antiferromagnetic properties, and 2 emits strong solid‐state blue luminescence. Compound 1 shows good chemical stability in acidic and basic environments and in boiling water. Additionally, the polar channels in 1, which are decorated by uncoordinated carboxylate O atoms and imidazolyl fragments, allow it to adsorb CO2 molecules selectively over CH4, and the CO2 binding sites in the framework were distinguished by molecular simulations.
Association of interpregnancy change in body mass index and spina bifida
Authors: Benjamin Renata H. , Ethen Mary K. , Canfield Mark A. , Hua Fei , Mitchell Laura E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiologic studies have consistently identified an association between spina bifida and maternal body mass index (BMI). Whether this reflects a causal relationship is unknown. If this association does reflect a causal relationship, the risk of spina bifida should change with changes in maternal BMI. We evaluated the association between spina bifida and maternal change in BMI, assessed using interpregnancy change in BMI (IPC‐BMI).MethodsWe used data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry and statewide vital records for 248 spina bifida cases and 2,562 controls (2006–2012) to conduct a case–control study. We used logistic regression to estimate the association between IPC‐BMI and spina bifida, with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsWhen assessed as a continuous variable, IPC‐BMI was associated with spina bifida, with a 5% increase in the odds of spina bifida per unit (approximately 6 pounds) increase in BMI (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.09). When assessed as a categorical variable, with weight stable women as the referent, the odds of spina bifida were lower in women with any BMI decrease (aOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.08) and higher in women with an increase of ≥1 BMI units (aOR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.62).ConclusionsOur findings provide suggestive, although not conclusive, evidence that maternal prepregnancy change in BMI, assessed using IPC‐BMI, is associated with spina bifida in the later pregnancy. Additional studies aimed at confirming this association and further strengthening the evidence for a causal relationship between spina bifida and maternal BMI are needed.
Simultaneous separation and determination of seven isoflavones in Radix Puerariae by capillary electrophoresis with a dual cyclodextrin system
Authors: Guo Jing , Wang Mengli , Guo Haitao , Chang Ruimiao , Yu Haixia , Zhang Guangbin , Chen Anjia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA simple, comprehensive and efficient capillary electrophoresis method using a dual cyclodextrin system was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven isoflavones (3′‐methoxypuerarin, puerarin, 3′‐hydroxypuerarin, ononin, daidzin, daidzein and genistin). Baseline separations of the seven isoflavones were achieved within 11 min with the running buffer consisting of 35 mm sodium tetraborate, 9.0 mm sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin and 30 mm α‐cyclodextrin at pH 9.34, and peaks were detected at 254 nm. Other separation parameters included the separation voltage for 15 kV and the working temperature for 25°C. Under the optimum conditions, good linearities were obtained with linear correlation coefficients of seven isoflavones of 0.9978–0.9992. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were 0.7–2.9 and 2.5–9.5 μg/mL, respectively. Excellent precision and accuracy were obtained. The intraday and interday precision ranged from 0.7 to 2.0% and from 0.8 to 1.9%, respectively. The recoveries of seven analytes were from 97.7 to 103.1%. This method was successfully applied to determine the seven analytes in Radix Puerariae and its preparations.
Investigating the learning performances between sequence‐ and context‐based teaching designs for virtual reality (VR)‐based machine tool operation training
Authors: Chen Li‐Wei , Tsai Jo‐Peng , Kao Yung‐Chou , Wu Yu‐Xian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundTraining workers in machine tool operations is indispensable. Because training course at school with real machine tools is costly and dangerous, most researchers have concentrated on developing and adopting virtual reality (VR)‐based applications. However, to improve students’ learning performance levels, teaching design is imperative.PurposeThis study hopes to investigate the performance differences between sequence‐ (traditional) and context‐based teaching designs along with a self‐developed VR computer numerical control (VRCNC) training environment.MethodExperimental design, sequence‐ and context‐based teaching designs were developed for this study. Forty male senior students were recruited from the department of mechanical engineering at an industrial high school. Then, corresponding pretests, teaching activities and posttests were implemented based on the proposed teaching and experimental designs. Finally, experiment‐, questionnaire‐, and interview‐based performance evaluations were utilized to conduct the final comparison and conclusion.ResultsAveragely, the context‐based teaching design exhibited superior results for mostly the learning performances. The survey results also revealed that the students obtain more satisfaction and self‐confidence after the context‐based teaching.ConclusionsAccording to the results, the context‐based teaching design has obvious improvement on the performance of machine tool operation training. Three types of evaluation results provides a comprehensive support for the proposed context‐based teaching design along with the VRCNC in machine tool education.
Development and validation of a prognostic model for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Kim Chang Gon , Lee Hyun Woong , Choi Hye Jin , Lee Jung Il , Lee Hye Won , Kim Seung Up , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Kim Han Sang , Kim Kyung Hwan , Choi Seong Jin , Kim Yongun , Lee Kwan Sik , Kim Gyoung Min , Kim Man Deuk , Won Jong Yoon , Lee Do Yun , Kim Beom Kyung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are large variations in prognosis among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA). However, current staging or scoring systems hardly discriminate the outcome of HCC patients treated with RFA.MethodsA total of 757 treatment‐naïve HCC patients undergoing RFA (derivation cohort) were analyzed to establish a nomogram for disease‐free survival (DFS) based on Cox proportional hazard regression model. Accuracy of the nomogram was assessed and compared with conventional staging or scoring systems. Furthermore, external validation was performed in an independent cohort including 208 patients (validation cohort).ResultsTumor size, tumor number, alpha‐fetoprotein, prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence‐II, lymphocyte count, albumin, and presence of ascites were adopted to construct the prognostic nomogram from the derivation cohort. Calibration curves to predict probability of DFS at 3 and 5 years after RFA showed good agreements between the nomogram and actual observations. The concordance index of the present nomogram was 0.759 (95% confidence interval 0.728‐0.790), which was superior to those of conventional staging or scoring systems (range 0.505‐0.683, all P < .001). These results were also reproduced in the validation cohort.ConclusionOur simple‐to‐use nomogram optimized for treatment‐naïve HCC patients undergoing RFA provided better prognostic performance than conventional staging or scoring systems.
Does valve in valve TAVR carry a higher risk for thromboembolic events compared to native valve TAVR?
Authors: Eitan Amnon , Brinkmann Christina , Haselbach Timo , Witt Julian , Schofer Joachim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the risk for brain lesions in valve in valve (VIV)‐transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) compared to native valve procedures (NV‐TAVR).BackgroundTAVR is associated with the risk of stroke and a high incidence of brain lesions in diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI). The risk in VIV procedures is unknown.MethodsPatients were included, if they received a Sapien‐3 or an Evolut‐R valve for an NV‐TAVR or VIV‐TAVR and a DW‐MRI within 3–5 days after the procedure.ResultsTwo hundred nine patients had NV‐TAVR and 41 patients had VIV‐TAVR.The VIV group was significantly younger (mean 82.3 vs. 74.7 years old, p < .001) but had higher mean EuroSCORE II (4.8 vs. 7.8, p < .001).Predilatation was significantly more common with native valve (39% vs. 2%, p < .01), postdilatation rate was lower in VIV but without statistical significance (17% vs. 7%, p = .110).Combined in‐hospital safety outcome was comparable [13(6.6%) vs. 5(12.2%), p = .205]. Any stroke was documented in four (0.5%) patients after native valve and in one (2.4%) after VIV‐TAVR.New DW‐MRI brain lesions were significantly more often found in patients with native valves [153(73.2%) vs. 21(51.2%), p = .005], mean number of new lesions was also higher with native valve (2.8 ± 3.2 vs. 1.0 ± 1.4, p < .001).Forward stepwise of logistic regression found age and post dilatation significant predictors of new MRI lesions.ConclusionsCompared to native valves, VIV procedures were associated with lower incidence and number of brain lesions according to DW‐MRI; these were explained by lower patients' age and lower rate of postdilatation.
Iatrogenic constipation from barium blockade: A case report
Authors: Pathan Shajadi , Benzar Taras , Master Samip , Peddi Prakash 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBarolith, a mixture of inspissated barium and feces, is a rare complication of barium‐contrast studies that lead to intestinal obstruction. With the high morbidity associated with barolith impaction, we recommend that physicians be more aware of complications, increase prompt diagnosis, and initiation of laxatives once discovered.
Microstructured Fischer‐Tropsch Reactor Scale‐up and Opportunities for Decentralized Application
Authors: Loewert Marcel , Hoffmann Julian , Piermartini Paolo , Selinsek Manuel , Dittmeyer Roland , Pfeifer Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurrent projects focusing on the energy transition in traffic will rely on a high‐level technology mix for their commissioning. One of those technologies is the Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) that converts synthesis gas into hydrocarbons of different chain lengths. A microstructured packed‐bed reactor for low‐temperature FTS is tested towards its versatility for biomass‐based syngas with a high inert gas dilution. Investigations include overall productivity, conversion, and product selectivity. A 60‐times larger pilot‐scale reactor is further tested. Evaporation cooling is introduced which allows to increase the available energy extraction from the system. From that scale on, an autothermal operation at elevated conversion levels is applicable.
Organoaluminum Compounds as Catalysts for Monohydroboration of Carbodiimides
Authors: Shen Qiumiao , Ma Xiaoli , Li Wenling , Liu Wenqing , Ding Yi , Yang Zhi , Roesky Herbert W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe effective catalytic activity of organoaluminum compounds for the monohydroboration of carbodiimides has been demonstrated. Two aluminum complexes, 2 and 3, were synthesized and characterized. The efficient catalytic performances of four aluminum hydride complexes L1AlH2 (L1=HC(CMeNAr)2, Ar=2,6‐Et2C6H3; 1), L2AlH2(NMe3) (L2=o‐C6H4F(CH=N‐Ar), Ar=2,6‐Et2C6H3; 2), L3AlH (L3=2,6‐bis(1‐methylethyl)‐N‐(2‐pyridinylmethylene)phenylamine; 3), and L4AlH(NMe3) (L4=o‐C6H4(N‐Dipp)(CH=N‐Dipp), Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3; 4), and an aluminum alkyl complex L1AlMe2 (5) were used for the monohydroboration of carbodiimides investigated under solvent‐free and mild conditions. Compounds 1–3 and 5 can produce monohydroborated N‐borylformamidine, whereas 4 can afford the C‐borylformamidine product. A suggested mechanism of this reaction was explored, and the aluminum formamidinate compound 6 was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray, also a stoichiometric reaction was investigated.
Targeting G‐Rich DNA Structures with Photoreactive Bis‐Cyclometallated Iridium(III) Complexes
Authors: Weynand Justin , Bonnet Hughes , Loiseau Frédérique , Ravanat Jean‐Luc , Dejeu Jérôme , Defrancq Eric , Elias Benjamin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and characterisation of three novel iridium(III) bis‐cyclometallated complexes is reported. Their photophysics have been fully characterised by classical methods and revealed charge‐transfer (CT) and ligand‐centred (LC) transitions. Their ability to selectively interact with G‐quadruplex telomeric DNA over duplex DNA has been studied by circular dichroism (CD), bio‐layer interferometry (BLI) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses. Interestingly, one of the complexes was able to promote photoinduced electron transfer (PET) with the guanine DNA base, which in turn led to oxidative damage (such as the formation of 8‐oxoguanine) to the telomeric sequence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of highly photo‐oxidising bis‐cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes with G‐quadruplex telomeric DNA.
Crystallographic and Theoretical Investigations of Er2@C2 n (2 n=82, 84, 86): Indication of Distance‐Dependent Metal–Metal Bonding Nature
Authors: Hu Shuaifeng , Shen Wangqiang , Yang Le , Duan Guangxiong , Jin Peng , Xie Yunpeng , Akasaka Takeshi , Lu Xing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSuccessful isolation and characterization of a series of Er‐based dimetallofullerenes present valuable insights into the realm of metal–metal bonding. These species are crystallographically identified as Er2@Cs(6)‐C82, Er2@C3v(8)‐C82, Er2@C1(12)‐C84, and Er2@C2v(9)‐C86, in which the structure of the C1(12)‐C84 cage is unambiguously characterized for the first time by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Interestingly, natural bond orbital analysis demonstrates that the two Er atoms in Er2@Cs(6)‐C82, Er2@C3v(8)‐C82, and Er2@C2v(9)‐C86 form a two‐electron‐two‐center Er−Er bond. However, for Er2@C1(12)‐C84, with the longest Er⋅⋅⋅Er distance, a one‐electron‐two‐center Er−Er bond may exist. Thus, the difference in the Er⋅⋅⋅Er separation indicates distinct metal bonding natures, suggesting a distance‐dependent bonding behavior for the internal dimetallic cluster. Additionally, electrochemical studies suggest that Er2@C82–86 are good electron donors instead of electron acceptors. Hence, this finding initiates a connection between metal–metal bonding chemistry and fullerene chemistry.
Fivefold Symmetry and 2D Crystallization: Self‐Assembly of the Buckybowl Pentaindenocorannulene on a Cu(100) Surface
Authors: Mairena Anaïs , Zoppi Laura , Lampart Samuel , Baldridge Kim K. , Siegel Jay S. , Ernst Karl‐Heinz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe modification of metal electrode surfaces with functional organic molecules is an important part of organic electronics. The interaction of the buckminsterfullerene fragment molecule pentaindenocorannulene with a Cu(100) surface is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy, dispersion‐enabled density functional theory, and force field calculations. Experimental and theoretical methods suggest that two adjacent indeno groups become oriented parallel to the surface upon adsorption under mild distortion of the molecular frame. The binding mechanism between molecule and surface is dominated by strong electrostatic interaction owing to Pauli repulsion. Two‐dimensional aggregation at room temperature leads to a single lattice structure in which all molecules are oriented unidirectionally. Their relative arrangement in the lattice suggests noncovalent intermolecular interaction through C−H⋅⋅⋅π bonding.