bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between dependence and deprivation: The interlocking nature of land alienation in Tanzania
Authors: Bluwstein Jevgeniy , Lund Jens Friis , Askew Kelly , Stein Howard , Noe Christine , Odgaard Rie , Maganga Faustin , Engström Linda 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStudies of accumulation by dispossession in the Global South tend to focus on individual sectors, for example, large‐scale agriculture or nature conservation. Yet smallholder farmers and pastoralists are affected by multiple processes of land alienation. Drawing on the case of Tanzania, we illustrate the analytical purchase of a comprehensive examination of dynamics of land alienation across multiple sectors. To begin with, processes of land alienation through investments in agriculture, mining, conservation, and tourism dovetail with a growing social differentiation and class formation. These dynamics generate unequal patterns of land deprivation and accumulation that evolve in a context of continued land dependency for the vast majority of the rural population. Consequently, land alienation engenders responses by individuals and communities seeking to maintain control over their means of production. These responses include migration, land tenure formalization, and land transactions, that propagate across multiple localities and scales, interlocking with and further reinforcing the effects of land alienation. Various localized processes of primitive accumulation contribute to a scramble for land in the aggregate, providing justifications for policies that further drive land alienation.
Effect of Surface Modification on In‐Depth Transformations and Flexural Strength of Zirconia Ceramics
Authors: Wongkamhaeng Kan , Dawson Deborah V. , Holloway Julie A. , Denry Isabelle 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeChairside surface adjustments of zirconia dental restorations enhance the toughening stress‐induced tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic phase transformation and domain reorientation by ferro‐elastic domain switching (FDS), but also trigger subsurface damage, which could compromise long‐term clinical performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the depth of phase transformation, associated FDS, and flexural strength of dental zirconia (BruxZir HT 2.0), after chairside surface treatments.Materials and MethodsSquare specimens were sectioned from CAD/CAM blocks and sintered according to manufacturer's recommendations (n= 30). They were left as‐sintered (AS; control), air abraded with fine (AAF) or coarse (AAC) alumina particles, ground (G) or ground and polished (GP). Roughness was measured by profilometry. Crystalline phases were investigated by grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD) (n= 3). GIXRD data were fit using semi‐log regression protocols to assess transformation depth and extent of FDS. The mean biaxial flexural strength was measured according to ISO 6872. Subsurface damage was assessed from SEM images using a bonded polished interface configuration. Flaw distribution was assessed by Weibull analysis. Results were analyzed by Kruskal‐Wallis with Tukey's adjustment for multiple comparisons (p< 0.05).ResultsAir‐abraded and ground groups exhibited higher mean surface roughness than control. AAF group exhibited the highest flexural strength (1662.6 ± 202.6 MPa) with flaw size (5.9 ± 1.8 μm) smaller than transformation (14.5 ± 1.2 μm) or FDS depth (19.3 ± 1.1 μm), followed by GP group (1567.2 ± 209.7 MPa) with smallest FDS depth (9.3 ± 2.0 μm) and flaw size (2.6 ± 1.8 μm), but withoutm‐phase. AAC group (1371.4 ± 147.6 MPa) had the largest flaw size (40.3 ± 20.3 μm), transformation depth (47.2 ± 3.0 μm) and FDS depth (41.2 ± 2.2 μm). G group (1357.0 ± 196.7 MPa) had the smallest transformation depth (8.6 ± 1.5 μm), and mean FDS depth (19.8 ± 3.7 μm) and flaw size (18.6 ± 3.1 μm). AAC and AAF exhibited the highest Weibull modulus (11.2 ± 0.4 and 9.8 ± 0.3 μm, respectively).ConclusionsVariations in mean biaxial flexural strength were explained by the balance between the depth of toughening mechanisms (phase transformation and FDS) and subsurface damage. AAF and GP groups were the most efficient surface adjustments in promoting the highest mean biaxial flexural strength.
The strength of density‐dependent mortality is contingent on climate and seedling size
Authors: Song Xiaoyang , Johnson Daniel J. , Cao Min , Umaña Maria Natalia , Deng Xiaobao , Yang Xiaofei , Zhang Wenfu , Yang Jie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuestionsDensity‐dependent processes may promote species diversity in plant communities. Here, we tested whether seedling survival was density‐dependent and varied by seedling size, species and climatic factors.LocationTropical rain forest, Xishuangbanna, southwest China.MethodsGeneralized linear mixed‐effects models were used to examine seedling survival (232 tree species) across 9 years of seedling census data from a 20‐ha tropical forest dynamics plot. Our predictor variables were conspecific and heterospecific neighbour density, size of the seedling and annual variation in climatic factors.ResultsWe found significant negative effects of conspecific tree density, but positive effects of heterospecific seedling density on the survival of tree seedlings in this plot. In general, conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) was observed most frequently for large size classes of seedlings (≥20‐cm high), while heterospecific positive density dependence (HPDD) was similar at all size classes. CNDD for large seedlings was stronger during warm years, and HPDD for large seedlings was stronger during dry years.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the strength of density dependence varied through time, and this strength was influenced by water availability and temperature. Our results highlight the potential for changes in species composition and species co‐existence that could result from increasing temperature‐strengthening CNDD effects and decreasing precipitation strengthening HPDD effects.
Effectiveness of breastfeeding interventions delivered to fathers in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Tadesse Kidane , Zelenko Oksana , Mulugeta Afework , Gallegos Danielle 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAdequate support for lactating mothers is crucial to improve the rates of early initiation, exclusive, and continued breastfeeding. Maternal breastfeeding intention and ongoing breastfeeding duration are strongly predicted by their partners' breastfeeding beliefs. Partner support has a significant effect on improving rates of any and exclusive breastfeeding, when compared with professional support, particularly in low‐income populations. This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of breastfeeding interventions targeting fathers in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). A systematic literature search was undertaken on Medline (EBSCOhost), PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Scopus databases and via manual searching. Inclusion criteria were experimental or quasiexperimental designs targeting fathers from LMIC, which measured either breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding exclusivity, or duration of breastfeeding as the main outcomes. No time restriction was put in place, and all articles were published in English. The quality of selected papers was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. A total of 8 articles were included from 6 interventions: 2 quasiexperimental and 4 randomized control trials. All interventions involved breastfeeding education targeting fathers; 2 were given only to fathers, and 4 delivered to both fathers and mothers. Among these interventions, 2 measured both early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding; one exclusive breastfeeding only; one exclusive breastfeeding, knowledge, and attitudes; one exclusive breastfeeding and knowledge; and one breastfeeding, continued breastfeeding, and awareness. Across all interventions, breastfeeding education showed significant improvement in breastfeeding outcomes in the intervention compared with the control groups. In summary, breastfeeding education interventions targeting fathers in LMIC are effective in improving early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, and continued breastfeeding. Thus, breastfeeding promotion should consider the education and involvement of fathers in the intervention.
Relationship between maternal depression symptoms and child weight outcomes in Latino farmworker families
Authors: Marshall Sarah A. , Ip Edward H. , Suerken Cynthia K. , Arcury Thomas A. , Saldana Santiago , Daniel Stephanie S. , Quandt Sara A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study sought to characterize depressive symptoms among mothers in Latino farmworker families, determine if maternal depression increases children's risk of obesity, and ascertain whether relevant risk factors such as physical activity, diet, and feeding style mediate this relationship. Mothers from 248 families completed the 10‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale 9 times over a 2‐year period. Four distinct patterns were used to describe mothers: few symptoms, moderate episodic symptoms, severe episodic symptoms, and chronic symptoms. Approximately two‐thirds of women experienced moderate symptoms of depression at least once. Children of mothers fitting each pattern were compared. At the end of the study, children of mothers with severe episodic and chronic symptoms were significantly more likely to be overweight and obese than children of mothers with few symptoms (p < .05). After controlling for covariates, differences in weight status for children of mothers with severe episodic symptoms remained significant. Children of mothers with either moderate episodic or chronic symptoms were fed in a less responsive fashion (p < .05), and children of chronically symptomatic mothers had lower diet quality (p < .01). Although nonresponsive feeding has been linked to childhood obesity, in this analysis, feeding style did not mediate the relationship between maternal depression and diet quality. Elevated levels of depressive symptoms are common in this population, and those symptoms, especially when severe or chronic in nature, may increase children's risk of obesity. Additional research is needed to characterize the pathways through which maternal depression influences children's weight.
Findings from a cluster randomised trial of unconditional cash transfers in Niger
Authors: Sibson Victoria L. , Grijalva‐Eternod Carlos S. , Noura Garba , Lewis Julia , Kladstrup Kwanli , Haghparast‐Bidgoli Hassan , Skordis‐Worrall Jolene , Colbourn Tim , Morrison Joanna , Seal Andrew J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnconditional cash transfers (UCTs) are used as a humanitarian intervention to prevent acute malnutrition, despite a lack of evidence about their effectiveness. In Niger, UCT and supplementary feeding are given during the June–September “lean season,” although admissions of malnourished children to feeding programmes may rise from March/April. We hypothesised that earlier initiation of the UCT would reduce the prevalence of global acute malnutrition (GAM) in children 6–59 months old in beneficiary households and at population level. We conducted a 2‐armed cluster‐randomised controlled trial in which the poorest households received either the standard UCT (4 transfers between June and September) or a modified UCT (6 transfers from April); both providing 130,000 FCFA/£144 in total. Eligible individuals (pregnant and lactating women and children 6–<24 months old) in beneficiary households in both arms also received supplementary food between June and September. We collected data in March/April and October/November 2015. The modified UCT plus 4 months supplementary feeding did not reduce the prevalence of GAM compared with the standard UCT plus 4 months supplementary feeding (adjusted odds ratios 1.09 (95% CI [0.77, 1.55], p = 0.630) and 0.93 (95% CI [0.58, 1.49], p = 0.759) among beneficiaries and the population, respectively). More beneficiaries receiving the modified UCT plus supplementary feeding reported adequate food access in April and May (p < 0.001) but there was no difference in endline food security between arms. In both arms and samples, the baseline prevalence of GAM remained elevated at endline (p > 0.05), despite improved food security (p < 0.05), possibly driven by increased fever/malaria in children (p < 0.001). Nonfood related drivers of malnutrition, such as disease, may limit the effectiveness of UCTs plus supplementary feeding to prevent malnutrition in this context. Caution is required in applying the findings of this study to periods of severe food insecurity.
Cross‐classification of musical and vocal emotions in the auditory cortex
Authors: Paquette Sébastien , Takerkart Sylvain , Saget Shinji , Peretz Isabelle , Belin Pascal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhether emotions carried by voice and music are processed by the brain using similar mechanisms has long been investigated. Yet neuroimaging studies do not provide a clear picture, mainly due to lack of control over stimuli. Here, we report a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using comparable stimulus material in the voice and music domains—the Montreal Affective Voices and the Musical Emotional Bursts—which include nonverbal short bursts of happiness, fear, sadness, and neutral expressions. We use a multivariate emotion‐classification fMRI analysis involving cross‐timbre classification as a means of comparing the neural mechanisms involved in processing emotional information in the two domains. We find, for affective stimuli in the violin, clarinet, or voice timbres, that local fMRI patterns in the bilateral auditory cortex and upper premotor regions support above‐chance emotion classification when training and testing sets are performed within the same timbre category. More importantly, classifier performance generalized well across timbre in cross‐classifying schemes, albeit with a slight accuracy drop when crossing the voice–music boundary, providing evidence for a shared neural code for processing musical and vocal emotions, with possibly a cost for the voice due to its evolutionary significance.
Surgical robotics for esophageal cancer
Authors: Grimminger Peter P. , van der Horst Sylvia , Ruurda Jelle P. , van Det Marc , Morel Philippe , van Hillegersberg Richard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present an update on robotic techniques and their advantages and use in esophageal cancer surgery. Recent work has shown tremendous progress in robotic‐assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) and lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer, as well as benefits of robotic surgery in high upper esophageal tumors and T4b disease. We discuss the different RAMIE techniques, especially for intrathoracic anastomosis. The ongoing ROBOT trial had demonstrated superiority of robotic esophageal cancer surgery over open esophagectomy. There are various putative technical advantages of RAMIE over minimally invasive esophagectomy, which need to be proven in future trials.
Vaccination practices in dialysis patients: A narrative review
Authors: Kosmadakis Georges , Albaret Julie , Correia Enrique Da Costa , Somda Frederic , Aguilera Didier 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn a period of turmoil concerning vaccination practices, there is a serious conflict between scientifically reasonable, evidence‐based guidelines and the far‐fetched rumors or misconceptions concerning the vaccination practices in the general population. When a significant portion of the medical and paramedical personnel may be deliberately unvaccinated against common biological agents, achieving effective vaccination rates in the dialysis population may be complicated. Vaccination rates are unacceptably low in dialysis patients and seroconversion rates are even lower; further, serological follow‐up is generally poor. The particularly anergic immune system of the advanced chronic kidney disease patients is partly a cause of both high rates of infection and low rates of seroconversions. This narrative review is an effort to summarize current knowledge concerning the vaccination practices in dialysis patients with some specific recommendations based on these facts. Of particular interest is a new vaccine, the Zoster Recombinant, Adjuvanted Vaccine (Shingrix), which we will include in our discussion.
GEPPML: General equilibrium analysis with PPML
Authors: Anderson James E. , Larch Mario , Yotov Yoto V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe develop a simple procedure for general equilibrium comparative static analysis of gravity models. Non‐linear solvers are replaced by (constrained) regressions using theoretical properties of the Poisson pseudo‐maximum‐likelihood estimator. Our GEPPML procedure can readily be implemented in any software capable of estimating constrained Poisson models. The procedure accommodates calibrated as well as estimated trade costs while using the estimation power of structural gravity to generate GE comparative statics. Using GEPPML, we quantify the effects of a hypothetical removal of all international borders while preserving the impact of geography on trade. We find that trade liberalisation has reaped at most half the potential world gains from trade in 2002 manufacturing. A complementary counterfactual experiment simulates the removal of the border between Canada and US, thus contributing to the famous “border puzzle” literature in a multicountry setting.
Effect of an Active Video Gaming Classroom Curriculum on Health-Related Fitness, School Day Step Counts, and Motivation in Sixth Graders
Authors: Fu You , Burns Ryan D. 
Published: May 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of an active video gaming (AVG) classroom curriculum on health-related fitness, school day steps, and motivation in sixth graders. Methods: A convenience sample of 65 sixth graders were recruited from 2 classrooms from a school located in the Western United States. One classroom served as the comparison group (n = 32) that participated in active free play, and one classroom served as the intervention group (n = 33) that participated in an AVG curriculum for 30 minutes per day, 3 days per week, for 18 weeks. Cardiorespiratory endurance was assessed using Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run laps. School day steps were recorded, and motivational variables were collected using questionnaires. Measures were collected at baseline and an 18-week posttest time point. Results: There was a significant group × time interaction for Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run laps (b = 20.7 laps; 95% confidence interval, 14.6 to 26.8; P < .001). No statistically significant interactions were found for step counts or any of the motivational variables. Conclusions: An 18-week AVG classroom curriculum improved cardiorespiratory endurance relative to the comparison group in sixth graders. This study supports the use of low-cost AVG curricula to improve the health-related fitness of youth.
Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Systems Required for Oxidative Stress Resistance, Fungicide Sensitivity, and Virulence of Alternaria alternata
Authors: Ma Haijie , Wang Mingshuang , Gai Yunpeng , Fu Huilan , Zhang Bin , Ruan Ruoxin , Chung Kuang-Ren , Li Hongye 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

This study determined the function of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in the phytopathogenic fungus
Alternaria alternata
via analyzing mutants obtained from the targeted deletion of genes encoding thioredoxin peroxidase (
Tsa1
), thioredoxin reductase (
Trr1
), and glutathione reductase (
Glr1
).
Trr1
and
Glr1
, but not
Tsa1
, are required for growth and conidiation. The reduced growth and conidiation seen in the
Trr1
or
Glr1
deletion mutant can be restored by glutathione. Deletion mutants showing growth inhibition by oxidants are defective for H
2
O
2
detoxification and induce smaller lesions on citrus leaves.
Trr1
and
Glr1
, but not
Tsa1
, also contribute to NaCl resistance.
Glr1
is required for sorbitol resistance and is responsible for resistance to mancozeb and boscalid but not chlorothalonil fungicides, a novel phenotype that has not been reported in fungi.
Trr1
is required for resistance to boscalid and chlorothalonil fungicides but confers susceptibility to mancozeb. The
Tsa1
deletion mutant displays wild-type sensitivity to the tested fungicides. The expression of
Tsa1
and
Trr1
is regulated by the oxidative stress responsive regulators Yap1, Hog1, and Skn7. The expression of
Tsa1
, but not
Trr1
, is also regulated indirectly by the NADPH oxidase. The results indicate that the capability to resist oxidative stress is required for virulence of
A. alternata
.

IMPORTANCE
The thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems are important thiol antioxidant systems in cells, and knowledge of these two systems in the plant-pathogenic fungus
A. alternata
is useful for finding new strategies to reduce the virulence of this pathogen. In this study, we demonstrated that thiol antioxidant system-related genes (
Tsa1
,
Trr1
, and
Glr1
) are required for H
2
O
2
detoxification and virulence in
A. alternata
. Moreover, deletion of
Trr1
results in hypersensitivity to the fungicides chlorothalonil and boscalid, and
Glr1
deletion mutants are highly sensitive to mancozeb, which is the fungicide mostly used in citrus fields. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that the ability to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in pathogenesis on citrus and provide novel insights into the physiological functions of thiol-containing systems in fungicide sensitivity for
A. alternata
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus haemolyticus Type Strain SGAir0252
Authors: Premkrishnan Balakrishnan N. V. , Junqueira Ana Carolina M. , Uchida Akira , Purbojati Rikky W. , Houghton James N. I. , Chénard Caroline , Wong Anthony , Kolundžija Sandra , Clare Megan E. , Kushwaha Kavita K. , Panicker Deepa , Putra Alexander , Gaultier Nicolas E. , Heinle Cassie E. , Vettath Vineeth Kodengil , Drautz-Moses Daniela I. , Schuster Stephan C. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus haemolyticus
is a coagulase-negative staphylococcal species that is part of the skin microbiome and an opportunistic human pathogen. The strain SGAir0252 was isolated from tropical air samples collected in Singapore, and its complete genome comprises one chromosome of 2.63 Mb and one plasmid of 41.6 kb.
Genome Sequence of Bacillus cereus Strain TG1-6, a Plant-Beneficial Rhizobacterium That Is Highly Salt Tolerant
Authors: Vílchez Juan Ignacio , Tang Qiming , Kaushal Richa , Chen Shenglan , Liu Renyi , Zhang Huiming 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of
Bacillus cereus
strain TG1-6, which is a highly salt-tolerant rhizobacterium that enhances plant tolerance to drought stress, is reported here. The sequencing process was performed based on a combination of pyrosequencing and single-molecule sequencing. The complete genome is estimated to be approximately 5.42 Mb, containing a total of 5,610 predicted protein-coding DNA sequences (CDSs).
High-Quality Whole-Genome Sequences for 77 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Generated with PacBio Sequencing
Authors: Patel Pooja N. , Lindsey Rebecca L. , Garcia-Toledo Lisley , Rowe Lori A. , Batra Dhwani , Whitley Samuel W. , Drapeau Daniel , Stoneburg Devon , Martin Haley , Juieng Phalasy , Loparev Vladimir N. , Strockbine Nancy 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) is an enteric foodborne pathogen that can cause mild to severe illness. Here, we report the availability of high-quality whole-genome sequences for 77 STEC strains generated using the PacBio sequencing platform.
Draft Genome Sequencing of an Acinetobacter ursingii Isolate from Healthy Human Skin, Carrying Multidrug Resistance Genes
Authors: Palkova Lenka , Minarik Gabriel , Soltys Katarina 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we report the data from whole-genome shotgun sequencing of an
Acinetobacter ursingii
isolate from healthy human skin of the forearm. The bacterial genome includes 3,473 genes and carries beta-lactamase resistance genes as well as resistance genes for several heavy metals.