bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary melioidosis mimicking lung cancer: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Yang Xiaohong , Ying Zhuopeng , Zhan Yuefu , Chen Jianqiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The overlapping clinical and radiographic features of pulmonary melioidosis and lung cancer present diagnostic challenges to healthcare providers in endemic settings.

Methods
We compared the clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics of 19 pulmonary melioidosis cases with those of 15 cases of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 17 cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Results
Compared with SCLC/NSCLC cases, those with pulmonary melioidosis were more likely to have diabetes, have fever, neutrophilia and leukocytosis on presentation (p&lt;0.05). While certain CT imaging features were shared between pulmonary melioidosis and SCLC (‘frozen mediastinum sign’, ‘vascular encasement sign’), extensive liquefactive necrosis, uneven ring-enhancement, circular lesions and ‘air-bubble’ signs were more commonly seen in pulmonary melioidosis cases than in those with SCLC/NSCLC (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
Despite the similarities in presentation of pulmonary melioidosis, SCLC and NSCLC, several clinical, laboratory and imaging factors may help delineate these diagnoses and improve patient care.
Determinants of antiretroviral therapy adherence among people living with HIV in a poor urban setting in Ghana: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Adjei-Mensah Evelyn , Alhassan Yakubu , Owusu Richmond , Kretchy Irene A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Without a cure, antiretroviral therapy (ART) continues to be the primary mode of managing HIV, transforming it from a formerly lethal disease to a less severe one. Adherence to ART can be impacted by several factors, including poor quality of care.

Methods
A quantitative cross-sectional study design was used to assess the factors that influence adherence to ART among adults receiving care at two health facilities in Accra. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on factors associated with medication adherence using a modified four-item Medication Adherence Rating from 255 people living with HIV (PLHIV). Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data, while multiple binary logistic regression was used to assess the factors influencing adherence to ART.

Results
Adherence to HIV medication was 44.7% among PLHIV. Adherence was positively correlated with high client health service satisfaction (adjusted OR [AOR]: 26.59, 95% CI 7.46 to 94.82, p&lt;0.001), increased privacy at the HIV clinics (AOR: 3.40, 95% CI 1.40 to 8.21, p&lt;0.007) and among PLHIV who had been diagnosed with HIV for ≥5 y (AOR: 7.59, 95% CI 2.76 to 20.85, p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
Adherence to ART was significantly low among study participants. The study highlights the importance of maintaining privacy and confidentiality at the facility while ensuring client satisfaction with HIV care to promote adherence to ART.
Revised taxonomy of Synodontis catfishes (Siluriformes: Mochokidae) from the Lake Tanganyika basin reveals lower species diversity than expected
Authors: Englmaier Gernot K , Blažek Radim , Zimmermann Holger , Bartáková Veronika , Polačik Matej , Žák Jakub , Mulokozi Deogratias P , Katongo Cyprian , Büscher Heinz H , Mabo Lwabanya , Koblmüller Stephan , Palandačić Anja , Reichard Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Synodontis Cuvier, 1816 is a species-rich group of African catfishes. Prior to this analysis, 13 species of Synodontis were recognized from Lake Tanganyika and its tributaries, composing the only extant lacustrine radiation of the genus, with a unique origin of obligate brood parasitism among all fishes. Species differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of this group remained largely unresolved. Herein, the taxonomy of Synodontis in the Lake Tanganyika basin is revised, including redescriptions of all species and an updated identification key. Genetic (mitochondrial and nuclear genomic markers) and morphological data suggest a lower species diversity than previously recognized, supporting the distinction of 10 Synodontis species in the lake basin. Based on our findings, we recognize Synodontis grandiops, Synodontis ilebrevis, and Synodontis lucipinnis as junior synonyms of Synodontis multipunctatus, Synodontis polli, and Synodontis petricola, respectively. No recent material of Synodontis dhonti and Synodontis tanganyicae (with Synodontis lacustricolus as a synonym) was available. Morphometric/meristic data suggest their close relationship to Synodontis granulosus. Sequencing of historical specimens inferred S. tanganyicae as sister to S. granulosus but with a 1.7% divergence based on mitochondrial data. In contrast to previous studies, phylogenomic data support the lacustrine assemblage of Synodontis in Lake Tanganyika as monophyletic.
Cave-dwelling calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
Authors: Lopes Matheus Vieira , Pérez Thierry , Klautau Michelle 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Marquesas Islands harbour numerous underwater caves, with different geomorphologies and a rich diversity of invertebrates dominated by sponges. However, although calcareous sponges are known to be abundant in cryptic habitats, only one of the four species reported from Marquesas was found in caves. Hence, our objective was to study the diversity of cave-dwelling calcareous sponges from the Marquesas Islands. Sponges were collected in semi-dark or dark caves, most of them being lava tubes. Through morphological and molecular (ITS and C-LSU) tools, five species were identified, four of them new to science: Borojevia moana sp. nov., Bidderia watremezi sp. nov., Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov., Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov., and Murrayona phanolepis. In general, sponge assemblages in caves are different from those on adjacent rocky shores. Indeed, in French Polynesia, Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov. was the sole species found inside and outside caves. We found that M. phanolepis is a cave-dwelling and widespread species, which might represent a cryptic diversity. Besides, aliactine spicules could be a synapomorphy in the subclass Calcaronea. Even though the number of species for the region is still underestimated, it is noticeable that Marquesan caves seem to harbour a unique diversity of calcareous sponges.
Vascular Complications After Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support: A CT Study
Authors: Djavidi Nima , Boussouar Samia , Duceau Baptiste , Bahroum Petra , Rivoal Simon , Hariri Geoffroy , Lancelot Aymeric , Dureau Pauline , Abbes Ahmed , Omar Edris , Charfeddine Ahmed , Lebreton Guillaume , Redheuil Alban , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Bouglé Adrien 
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Vascular complications after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains poorly studied, although they may highly impact patient management after ECMO removal. Our aim was to assess their frequency, predictors, and management.

DESIGN:
Retrospective, observational cohort study.

SETTING:
Two ICUs from a tertiary referral academic hospital.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients who were successfully weaned from venoarterial ECMO between January 2021 and January 2022.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

PRIMARY OUTCOME:
Vascular complications frequency related to ECMO cannula.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
A total of 288 patients were implanted with venoarterial ECMO during the inclusion period. One hundred ninety-four patients were successfully weaned, and 109 underwent a CT examination to assess for vascular complications until 4 days after the weaning procedure. The median age of the cohort was 58 years (interquartile range [IQR], 46–64 yr), with a median duration of ECMO support of 7 days (IQR, 5–12 d). Vascular complications were observed in 88 patients (81%). The most frequent complication was thrombosis, either cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis (CaDVT) (n = 63, 58%) or arterial thrombosis (n = 36, 33%). Nonthrombotic arterial complications were observed in 48 patients (44%), with 35 (31%) presenting with bleeding. The most common site of CaDVT was the inferior vena cava, occurring in 33 (50%) of cases, with 20% of patients presenting with pulmonary embolism. There was no association between thrombotic complications and ECMO duration, anticoagulation level, or ECMO rotation flow. CT scans influenced management in 83% of patients. In-hospital mortality was 17% regardless of vascular complications.

CONCLUSIONS:
Vascular complications related to venoarterial ECMO cannula are common after ECMO implantation. CT allows early detection of complications after weaning and impacts patient management. Patients should be routinely screened for vascular complications by CT after decannulation.
The Future of Artificial Intelligence and Genetic Insights in Precision Cardiovascular Medicine: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Chandra Sekar Praveen Kumar , Veerabathiran Ramakrishnan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A medical condition called cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects the heart or blood vessels, and about 40% of its causes can be attributed to genetic factors. The pathophysiology of CVD is still unknown despite numerous studies identifying important environmental and genetic factors. Genetic data research has significantly increased due to the application of genome-wide association studies. The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) technology demonstrates clear advantages in managing intricate projects, outperforming traditional statistical methods in processing such data. The use of AI in the status of genetic research on CVD and medicine is briefly reviewed in the opening section of this article. Then, it gives a complete picture of how AI is used in genetic CVD research, including genetic data-driven diagnosis and prognosis, genetic variation analysis, gene expression profiles, gene interactions, and analysis of genes using knowledge bases. Even though much research has yielded significant findings, it is still early. The main disadvantages are database limitations, the underuse of AI in systematic biology analysis, and the lack of a theoretical framework for interpreting analysis results. The paper concludes with future directions and the significance of creating comprehensive, high-quality, large-sample-size data-sharing resources. Much research is going into how to use AI analysis techniques to help with development. Being creative with computers can help make new CVD intervention protocols and develop and test theoretical models.
Effect of endothelial responses on sepsis-associated organ dysfunction
Authors: Wu Miao , Yan Yan , Xie Xinyu , Bai Jiawei , Ma Chengtai , Du Xianjin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sepsis-related organ dysfunction is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have found that the endothelium plays crucial roles in maintaining the vascular permeability during sepsis, as well as in regulating inflammation and thrombosis. During sepsis, endothelial cells may release cytokines, chemokines, and pro-coagulant factors, as well as express adhesion molecules. In general, endothelial responses during sepsis typically inhibit bacterial transmission and coordinate leukocyte recruitment to promote bacterial clearance. However, excessive or prolonged endothelial activation can lead to impaired microcirculation, tissue hypoperfusion, and organ dysfunction. Given the structural and functional heterogeneity of endothelial cells in different organs, there are potential differences in endothelial responses by organ type, and the risk of organ damage may vary accordingly. This article reviews the endothelial response observed in sepsis and its effects on organ function, summarizes current progress in the development of therapeutic interventions targeting the endothelial response, and discusses future research directions to serve as a reference for researchers in the field.
Impacts of Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication on gastrointestinal microbiota: An up-to-date critical review and future perspectives
Authors: Li Yu , He Cong , Lu Nonghua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects approximately half of the population worldwide and causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Test-and-treat strategies have been recommended for the prevention of H. pylori-associated diseases. Advancements in high-throughput sequencing technologies have broadened our understanding of the complex gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and its role in maintaining host homeostasis. Recently, an increasing number of studies have indicated that the colonization of H. pylori induces dramatic alterations in the gastric microbiota, with a predominance of H. pylori and a reduction in microbial diversity. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has also been observed after H. pylori infection, which may play a role in the development of colorectal cancer. However, there is concern regarding the impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota during H. pylori eradication. In this review, we summarize the current literature concerning how H. pylori infection reshapes the GI microbiota and the underlying mechanisms, including changes in the gastric environment, immune responses, and persistent inflammation. Additionally, the impacts of H. pylori eradication on GI microbial homeostasis and the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy are also discussed. The shifts in the GI microbiota and their crosstalk with H. pylori may provide potential targets for H. pylori-related gastric diseases and extragastric manifestations.
SPLASH: Split-Body Randomized Clinical Trial of Poly-l-Lactic Acid for Adipogenesis and Volumization of the Hip Dell
Authors: Zubair Raheel , Ishii Lisa , Loyal Jameson , Hartman Nina , Fabi Sabrina G. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Injectable poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA-SCA) increases extracellular matrix to improve skin quality. The hip dell is an underappreciated element of gluteal aesthetics. Adipose tissue has roles in aesthetics and skin functioning.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy of PLLA-SCA treatment to induce adipogenesis and volumize the hip dell.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a double-blinded, split-body trial of 15 women with hip dell volume deficits. Each subject was randomized to have 1 hip dell treated with 150 mg of PLLA-SCA while the contralateral hip dell received the equivalent volume of saline. Subjects received 3 treatments at 1-month intervals and were followed for 9 months. Assessments included physician global aesthetic improvement scale, ultrasonography, and histologic examination.

RESULTS
Blinded investigators rated PLLA-SCA–treated hip dells as improved and much improved. The dermis and adipose layers increased in thickness by 26.1% and 27%. These measures, in addition to collagen and elastic fiber quality, were significantly improved compared with saline-treated hip dells, which did not change from baseline. Subject satisfaction was also significantly greater on the PLLA-SCA–treated side. No subject experienced significant adverse effects.

CONCLUSION
Poly-l-lactic acid is a safe and effective method for durable volumization and aesthetic improvement of the hip dell. PLLA-SCA may promote adipogenesis and elastogenesis.
Impact of biliary-pancreatic double stents on EUS-guided tissue acquisition among patients with solid pancreatic lesions: A multicenter study
Authors: Shang Guochen , He Qi , Han Chaoqun , Guo Xianwen , Chen Weigang , Ding Zhen , Lin Rong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective
Although the impact of biliary stents on the accuracy of EUS-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) is still controversial, the influence of biliary-pancreatic double stents on EUS-TA is even more inconclusive. The aim of the study was to determine whether the diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions will be affected after placement of biliary-pancreatic double stents.

Methods
A multicenter retrospective study including patients who underwent EUS-FNA with biliary duct obstruction was performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether there were biliary-pancreatic double stents before EUS-FNA. The patients' EUS-FNA report, histopathological results, and clinical case data were reviewed and compared.

Results
Ninety-two patients were included, 42 with biliary-pancreatic double stents and 50 without any stents. The puncture time taken by EUS-FNA was significantly longer in the stent group than the no-stent group (19 vs. 15 min, P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in accuracy (90.5% vs. 94%), sensitivity (89.5% vs. 93.6%), specificity (100% vs. 100%), NPV (50% vs. 50%), PPV (100% vs. 100%), respectively, in both groups. Patients with larger lesions (OR = 1.600, 95% CI: 1.124–2.277) and those who required more passes had a higher diagnostic yield (OR = 9.376, 95% CI: 1.356–64.819) by multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
ERCP before EUS-FNA is feasible for the treatment of solid pancreatic lesions causing obstructive jaundice. It will not have a negative impact on the diagnostic accuracy and surgical complications, but the EUS-FNA operation time will be prolonged.
miRNAs, dd-cf-DNA, and Chemokines as Potential Noninvasive Biomarkers for the Assessment of Clinical Graft Evolution and Personalized Immunosuppression Requirement in Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Millán Olga , Julian Judit , Brunet Mercè 
Published: November 2024

Abstract:
The use of noninvasive biomarkers may reduce the need for biopsy and guide immunosuppression adjustments during transplantation. The scientific community in solid organ transplantation currently considers that chemokines, T- and B-cell immunophenotypes, and gene expression, among other molecular biomarkers, have great potential as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for graft evolution; however, in clinical practice, few valid early biomarkers have emerged. This review focuses on the most relevant scientific advances in this field in the last 5 years regarding the role of 3 biomarkers: miRNAs, chemokines, and ddcf-DNA, in both adult and pediatric populations. An update was provided on the scores based on the combination of these biomarkers. The most-featured articles were identified through a literature search of the PubMed database. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential clinical applications of these biomarkers in the diagnosis and prediction of graft outcomes and discusses the reasons why none have been implemented in clinical practice to date. Translating these biomarkers into routine clinical practice and combining them with pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetic monitoring is challenging; however, it is the key to present/future individualized immunosuppressive therapies. It is essential that they be shown to be applicable and robust in real-life patient conditions and properly evaluate their added value when combined with the standard-of-care factor monitoring for graft clinical assessment. Partnership strategies among scientists, academic institutions, consortia, including expert working groups and scientific societies, and pharmaceutical and/or biotechnology companies should promote the development of prospective, randomized, multicenter intervention studies for adequate clinical validation of these biomarkers and their monitoring frequency, and their commercialization to make them available to transplant physicians.
New Ideas in Narrative Practice for Mind and Body Healing
Authors: LIU Ren , ZHANG Xiaocong , WANG Yiming , OU Chengying , XIE Shunyi , WEN Baosen , HAN Ying 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To enrich the specific methods of narrative clinical practice in Chinese medicine and stimulate the innovation of narrative medicine practice in China, we advise that medical professionals should integrate theories and treatments related to acupuncture, massage and positive psychology into their narrative medicine practice, taking into account the current state of clinical practice of acupuncturists and the importance of positive emotions in the field of psychology. This paper elucidates the value of combining acupuncture, massage, and positive psychology from the perspectives of mechanisms and clinical correlations, highlighting their impacts on patients’ physical and mental health. To promote the integration of positive psychology with acupuncture and massage, it is proposed to refine the understanding of the efficacy of acupuncture points and develop theories on stimulating positive psychology in acupuncture and massage further more.
Effects of pretreatment with long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists on pregnancy outcomes in patients with minimal and mild peritoneal endometriosis: A retrospective study of 274 frozen–thawed embryo transfer cycles
Authors: Wang Jieyu , Wei Minling , Xu Aike , Zhang Songying 
Published: November 2024

To investigate the effects of pretreatment with long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) before frozen–thawed embryo transfer (FET) on pregnancy outcomes in patients after minimal–mild (stages I–II) peritoneal endometriosis surgery. A retrospective cohort study was performed from March 2018 to May 2019. Overall, 274 patients met inclusion criteria of undergoing FET after minimal/mild peritoneal endometriosis surgery. For the FET protocol, patients were divided into 2 groups: GnRH-a plus hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (group A, n = 154) and HRT-only (group B, n = 120), with the former divided into 2 subgroups receiving 1 (group A1, n = 80) or 2 doses (group A2, n = 74) of GnRH-a. Basic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of groups A and B and groups A1 and A2 were compared. Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) were the primary outcomes and logistic regression was used to analyze independent correlation factors. The CPR and LBR in group A were 58.4% and 50.0%, respectively, and were not significantly higher than in group B (49.2% and 40.0%; respectively, χ2
= 2.339, P = .126 and χ2
= 2.719, P = .099, respectively). CPR and LBR in group A1 were not significantly lower than those in group A2 (52.5% and 45.0% vs 64.9% and 55.4%, respectively; χ2
= 2.420, P = .120 and χ2
= 1.665, P = .197, respectively). However, group A2’s CPR and LBR were significantly higher than group B’s (64.9% and 55.4% vs 49.2% and 40.0%, respectively; χ2
= 4.560, P = .023 and χ2
= 4.375, P = .026, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that GnRH-a pretreatment (1 or 2 doses) had no significant effect on CPR and LBR compared with the HRT-only group. Patients with minimal–mild (stages I–II) peritoneal endometriosis surgery may not require GnRH-a pretreatment before FET.
Feasibility of Early 68Ga-FAP-2286 PET Imaging: A Case Study
Authors: Banihashemian Seyedeh Somayyeh , Divband Ghasemali , Shahrnoy Abdolghafar Abolhosseini , Nami Reza , Nasiri Meysam , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has emerged as a promising molecular target for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Previous research, including our own study and other published reports, has highlighted the potential of FAP inhibitors labeled with 68Ga as effective diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. In this study, we present a comparative analysis of early and late PET/CT scans, using 68Ga-FAP-2286, for the detection of tumor lesions in a patient with metastatic breast adenocarcinoma.