bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enteropathogenic E. coli effectors EspF and Map independently disrupt tight junctions through distinct mechanisms involving transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation
Authors: Singh Anand Prakash , Sharma Swati , Pagarware Kirti , Siraji Rafay Anwar , Ansari Imran , Mandal Anupam , Walling Pangertoshi , Aijaz Saima 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEnteropathogenic E. coli infection is characterized by rapid onset of diarrhea but the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. EPEC targets the tight junctions which selectively regulate the permeability of charged and uncharged molecules. Cooperative actions of the EPEC effectors EspF and Map have been reported to mediate tight junction disruption. To analyze the individual contributions of EspF and Map, we generated in vitro models where EspF and Map, derived from the EPEC strain E2348/69, were constitutively expressed in epithelial cells. Here we report that tight junction disruption by EspF and Map is caused by the inhibition of the junctional recruitment of proteins during tight junction assembly. Constitutive expression of EspF and Map depleted the levels of tight junction proteins. EspF down-regulated the transcript levels of claudin-1, occludin and ZO-1, while Map down-regulated only claudin-1 transcripts. Both effectors also caused lysosomal degradation of existing tight junction proteins. We also identified a novel interaction of Map with non-muscle myosin II. Consistent with earlier studies, EspF was found to interact with ZO-1 while actin was the common interacting partner for both effectors. Our data provides evidence for the distinct roles of Map and EspF in tight junction disruption through non-synergistic functions.
Proximity effects across oxide-interfaces of superconductor-insulator-ferromagnet hybrid heterostructure
Authors: Prajapat C. L. , Singh Surendra , Bhattacharya D. , Ravikumar G. , Basu S. , Mattauch S. , Zheng Jian-Guo , Aoki T. , Paul Amitesh 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA case study of electron tunneling or charge-transfer-driven orbital ordering in superconductor (SC)-ferromagnet (FM) interfaces has been conducted in heteroepitaxial YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO)/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3(LSMO) multilayers interleaved with and without an insulating SrTiO3(STO) layer between YBCO and LSMO. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism experiments revealed anti-parallel alignment of Mn magnetic moments and induced Cu magnetic moments in a YBCO/LSMO multilayer. As compared to an isolated LSMO layer, the YBCO/LSMO multilayer displayed a (50%) weaker Mn magnetic signal, which is related to the usual proximity effect. It was a surprise that a similar proximity effect was also observed in a YBCO/STO/LSMO multilayer, however, the Mn signal was reduced by 20%. This reduced magnetic moment of Mn was further verified by depth sensitive polarized neutron reflectivity. Electron energy loss spectroscopy experiment showed the evidence of Ti magnetic polarization at the interfaces of the YBCO/STO/LSMO multilayer. This crossover magnetization is due to a transfer of interface electrons that migrate from Ti(4+)−δ to Mn at the STO/LSMO interface and to Cu2+ at the STO/YBCO interface, with hybridization via O 2p orbitals. So charge-transfer driven orbital ordering is the mechanism responsible for the observed proximity effect and Mn-Cu anti-parallel coupling in YBCO/STO/LSMO. This work provides an effective pathway in understanding the aspect of long range proximity effect and consequent orbital degeneracy parameter in magnetic coupling.
Effective gamma-ray sterilization and characterization of conductive polypyrrole biomaterials
Authors: Kim Semin , Jeong Jin-Oh , Lee Sanghun , Park Jong-Seok , Gwon Hui-Jeong , Jeong Sung In , Hardy John George , Lim Youn-Mook , Lee Jae Young 
Published: February 2018

AbstractConductive polymers, including polypyrrole (PPy), have been extensively explored to fabricate electrically conductive biomaterials for bioelectrodes and tissue engineering scaffolds. For their in vivo uses, a sterilization method without severe impairment of original material properties and performance is necessary. Gamma-ray radiation has been commonly applied for sterilization of medical products because of its simple and uniform sterilization without heat generation. Herein we describe the first study on gamma-ray sterilization of PPy bioelectrodes and its effects on their characteristics. We irradiated PPy bioelectrodes with different doses (0–75 kGy) of gamma-rays. Gamma-ray irradiation of the PPy (γ-PPy) increased the oxygenation and hydrophilicity of the surfaces. Interestingly, gamma-ray irradiation did not alter the electrical impedances and conductivities of the PPy substrates. Additionally, γ-PPy prepared with various dopants (e.g., para-toluene sulfonate, polystyrene sulfonate, and chlorine) showed the electrochemical properties similar to the non-irradiated control. Gamma-ray irradiation at doses of ≥15 kGy was required for effective sterilization as evidenced by complete eradication of gram positive and negative bacteria. γ-PPy substrates also showed cytocompatibility similar to untreated control PPy, indicating no substantial alteration of cytocompatibility. In conclusion, gamma ray sterilization is a viable method of sterilization of conducting polymer-based biomaterials for biomedical applications.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Magnetic Drilling Actuator for Navigation in a Three-dimensional Phantom Vascular Network
Authors: Lee Sunkey , Lee Seungmin , Kim Sangwon , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Park Hun-Jun , Kim Jin-young , Choi Hongsoo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntravascular microrobots have emerged as a promising tool for vascular diseases. They can be wirelessly and precisely manipulated with a high degree of freedom. Previous studies have evaluated their drilling performance and locomotion, and showed the feasibility of using microrobots for biomedical applications in two-dimensional space. However, it is critical to validate micro-drillers in a three-dimensional (3D) environment because gravity plays an important role in a 3D environment and significantly affects the performance of the micro-drillers in vascular networks. In this work, we fabricated magnetic drilling actuators (MDAs) and characterized their locomotion and drilling performance in vascular network-mimicking fluidic channels. The MDAs were precisely manipulated in the fluidic channel network in both horizontal and vertical planes, selecting and moving through the desired path via the junctions of multiple channels. The MDAs also accurately navigated an artificial thrombosis in an artificial 3D vascular network and successfully drilled through it. The results obtained here confirmed the precise manipulation and drilling performance of the developed MDAs in 3D. We think that the MDAs presented in this paper have great potential as intravascular drillers for precise thrombus treatment.
A validation and extended description of the Lund taxonomy for urothelial carcinoma using the TCGA cohort
Authors: Marzouka Nour-al-dain , Eriksson Pontus , Rovira Carlos , Liedberg Fredrik , Sjödahl Gottfrid , Höglund Mattias 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGlobal gene expression analysis has been a major tool for urothelial carcinoma subtype discovery. This approach has revealed extensive complexity both in intrinsic features of the tumor cells and in the microenvironment. However, global gene expression cannot distinguish between gene expression signals originating from the tumor cells proper and from normal cells in the biopsy. Here, we use a large cohort of advanced urothelial carcinomas for which both gene expression data and extensive immunohistochemistry are available to create a supervised mRNA expression centroid classifier. This classifier identifies the major Lund taxonomy tumor cell phenotypes as defined by IHC. We apply this classifier to the independent TCGA dataset and show excellent associations between identified subtypes and genomic features. We validate a progressed version of Urothelial-like A (UroA-Prog) that shows FGFR3 mutations and CDKN2A deletions, and we show that the variant Urothelial-like C is almost devoid of FGFR3 mutations. We show that Genomically Unstable tumors are very distinct from Urothelial-like tumors at the genomic level, and that tumors classified as Basal/SCC-like all complied with the established definition for Basal/SCC-like tumors. We identify the Mesenchymal-like and Small-cell/Neuroendocrine-like subtypes, and demonstrate that patients with UroB and Sc/NE-like tumors show the worst overall survival.
Phylogeny and evolution of Müllerian mimicry in aposematic Dilophotes: evidence for advergence and size-constraints in evolution of mimetic sexual dimorphism
Authors: Motyka Michal , Kampova Lucie , Bocak Ladislav 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMultiple patterns and intraspecific polymorphism should not persist in mutualistic Müllerian systems due to purifying and frequency-dependent selection, but they are commonly identified in nature. We analysed molecular phylogeny and reconstructed dispersal history of 58 species ofDilophotes(Coleoptera: Lycidae) in Asia.Dilophotescolonized the Great Sundas and Malay Peninsula where they joined extensive mimetic communities of net-winged beetles. We identified the brightly bi-coloured males and females which adverged on five occasions to different autochthonous models. This is the first described case of Müllerian sexual dimorphism based on sex-specific body size. We propose that the constraint, i.e. the conservative sexual size dimorphism, forced the unprofitable prey to such complex adaptation in a multi-pattern environment. Although mimetic sexual dimorphism has frequently evolved inDilophotes, a single pattern has been maintained by both sexes in multiple closely related, sympatrically occurring species. Some patterns may be suboptimal because they are rare, crudely resemble co-mimics, or are newly evolved, but they persist in Müllerian communities for a long time. We assume that failure to closely resemble the most common model can increase the diversity of large Müllerian communities and produce mimetic dimorphism.
Spatial variations of the Sr I 4607 Å scattering polarization peak
Authors: Bianda M. , Berdyugina S. , Gisler D. , Ramelli R. , Belluzzi L. , Carlin E. S. , Stenflo J. O. , Berkefeld T. 
Published: February 2018

Context. The scattering polarization signal observed in the photospheric Sr I 4607 Å line is expected to vary at granular spatial scales. This variation can be due to changes in the magnetic field intensity and orientation (Hanle effect), but also to spatial and temporal variations in the plasma properties. Measuring the spatial variation of such polarization signal would allow us to study the properties of the magnetic fields at subgranular scales, but observations are challenging since both high spatial resolution and high spectropolarimetric sensitivity are required.
Aims. We aim to provide observational evidence of the polarization peak spatial variations, and to analyze the correlation they might have with granulation.
Methods. Observations conjugating high spatial resolution and high spectropolarimetric precision were performed with the Zurich IMaging POLarimeter, ZIMPOL, at the GREGOR solar telescope, taking advantage of the adaptive optics system and the newly installed image derotator.
Results. Spatial variations of the scattering polarization in the Sr I 4607 Å line are clearly observed. The spatial scale of these variations is comparable with the granular size. Small correlations between the polarization signal amplitude and the continuum intensity indicate that the polarization is higher at the center of granules than in the intergranular lanes.
The emergence of the galactic stellar mass function from a non-universal IMF in clusters
Authors: Dib Sami , Basu Shantanu 
Published: February 2018

We investigate the dependence of a single-generation galactic mass function (SGMF) on variations in the initial stellar mass functions (IMF) of stellar clusters. We show that cluster-to-cluster variations of the IMF lead to a multi-component SGMF where each component in a given mass range can be described by a distinct power-law function. We also show that a dispersion of ≈0.3 M⊙ in the characteristic mass of the IMF, as observed for young Galactic clusters, leads to a low-mass slope of the SGMF that matches the observed Galactic stellar mass function even when the IMFs in the low-mass end of individual clusters are much steeper.
The Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome — an Overview
Authors: Kohler Siegfried , Meisel Andreas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) has a prevalence of around 5/100 0000 and is around 10–20 times rarer than myasthenia gravis (MG). Although LEMS does have a number of similarities to MG, there are important differences. The syndrome is characterized by a mostly proximally localised exercise induced muscle weakness that can lead to respiratory failure often accompanied by autonomous dysfunction. Disease symptoms are caused by autoantibodies directed against P/Q type voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC) that are expressed in the presynaptic motoric nerve terminals. The diagnosis of LEMS is based on the detection of the pathogenic anti-VGCC antibodies as well as the observation of an increment of at least 60% in the electrophysiological examination of an affected muscle. An increment is defined by an increase of the at rest reduced compound muscle action potential (CMAP) either after voluntary maximal innervation or after high frequent (≥20 Hz) stimulation. In almost one third LEMS is of paraneoplastic origin. Therefore an intensive tumor screening is necessary after diagnosis.There are some differences in the clinical presentation between paraneoplastic (pLEMS) and the exclusively autoimmune (aiLEMS) form of LEMS. With respect to this the DELTA-P-Score and the detection of SOX1-antibody are important. The most frequent tumor associated with LEMS is small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Therapy is based on the initial distinction between paraneoplastic and autoimmune ethiology. pLEMS necessitates therapy of underlying neoplasia. Usually, aiLEMS- as well as pLEMS patients respond well to 3,4 diaminopyridine (3,4 DAP) often augmented by pyridostigmine. Similar to treatment of myasthenia gravis long-term immunosuppressive treatment is usually required to control symptoms effectively. Myasthenic crisis in LEMS can be controlled by intensive care and immunoglobulins, plasmaphereses or immunoadsorption. Based on case reports more specific immunomodulatory treatment approaches such as the B-cell depleting therapeutic antibody rituximab should be considered in therapy refractory courses of LEMS. Long-term prognosis of autoimmune LEMS with respect to clinical stabilization with (pharmacological) remission is good, although in around 75% of patients significant reductions in quality of life remain. Prognosis of tumor-associated LEMS is largely determined by the tumor and its effective therapy. Curative treatment of the tumour as well as complete remission of pLEMS are possible.
Stabilisierung der verletzten, thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäule. Vorteile des offenen Fixateur interne
Authors: Kandziora F. , Pingel A. 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDer „Goldstandard“ in der operativen Behandlung instabiler thorakolumbaler Verletzungen ist das klassische, offene, chirurgische Vorgehen. Mit dem offenen Vorgehen lassen sich alle Grundprinzipien der Behandlung, wie die Reposition der Verletzung, die Stabilisierung der Wirbelsäule, die Dekompression neurogener Strukturen und die Durchführung einer knöchernen Fusion, um eine langanhaltende Stabilität zu erzielen, umsetzen. Die Vorteile des offenen chirurgischen Vorgehens und im Vergleich dazu die wesentlichen Nachteile der perkutanen Stabilisierung, werden im folgenden Übersichtsartikel zusammengefasst.
Akutes traumatisches Central Cord Syndrom bei Stenose – Operieren
Authors: Richter Marcus 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDas akute traumatische Central Cord Syndrom (aTCCS) wurde erstmalig 1887 beschrieben. Es ist der am häufigsten auftretende Typ einer inkompletten zervikalen Rückenmarksschädigung. Die neurologische Ausfallssymptomatik ist gekennzeichnet durch eine größere motorische Beeinträchtigung der oberen Extremitäten im Vergleich zu den unteren Extremitäten. Meist tritt das aTCCS bei älteren Patienten mit einer vorbestehenden zervikalen Spinalstenose im Rahmen eines Hyperextensionstraumas der Halswirbelsäule auf. Es wird die möglichst frühzeitige operative Therapie empfohlen. Eine primäre initiale intensivmedizinische Therapie ist empfohlen.
Escalation Strategies in the Treatment of Refractory Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Hoffmann Sarah , Meisel Andreas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAmong all patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), 10 to 15% are considered to be refractory to (expanded) standard treatments. Current international consensus guidelines for the management of myasthenia gravis recommend referral of refractory MG patients to centers with expertise in the treatment of MG and chronic intravenous immunoglobulin therapy or plasmapheresis. Here we briefly summarize current approaches to overcome refractory myasthenia gravis.
Revealing nascent proteomics in signaling pathways and cell differentiation
Authors: Forester Craig M. , Zhao Qian , Phillips Nancy J. , Urisman Anatoly , Chalkley Robert J. , Oses-Prieto Juan A. , Zhang Li , Ruggero Davide , Burlingame Alma L. 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Deciphering which networks of genes allow cells to rapidly respond to environmental cues is key to understanding processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and death. Here, we describe a technique to quantitatively identify nascent protein synthesis using O-propargyl-puromycin (OPP), a specific covalent label of growing polypeptides, which are then isolated and measured by mass spectrometry. This technique, named OPP-mediated identification (OPP-ID), is applicable across a wide array of cell types for identification of proteins in situ. We illustrate the capability of OPP-ID by identifying a constellation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent gene networks and uncovering an array of genes involved in early erythroid progenitor expansion. OPP-ID is a powerful technique to study how cells modulate nascent protein expression to respond to stresses and stimuli.
BEL2ABM: agent-based simulation of static models in Biological Expression Language
Authors: Gündel Michaela , Hoyt Charles Tapley , Hofmann-Apitius Martin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Summary
While cause-and-effect knowledge assembly models encoded in Biological Expression Language are able to support generation of mechanistic hypotheses, they are static and limited in their ability to encode temporality. Here, we present BEL2ABM, a software for producing continuous, dynamic, executable agent-based models from BEL templates.

Availability and implementation
The tool has been developed in Java and NetLogo. Code, data and documentation are available under the Apache 2.0 License at https://github.com/pybel/bel2abm.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Factors Predicting Decisions About Technology Adoption Among Older Adults
Authors: Berkowsky Ronald W , Sharit Joseph , Czaja Sara J 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Numerous technology applications are available that have the potential to improve the quality of life (QoL) of older adults. However, older adults are less likely to adopt new and emerging technologies and reap the potential benefits. This study examines factors that influence older adults’ decisions about the adoption of new technology.

Research Design and Methods
Fifty-two older adults participated in a mixed-method procedure, which entailed: (1) observing presentations detailing nine differing technologies, (2) assessing the technologies using tailored questionnaires, and (3) participating in focus group discussions. Participants were assigned into one of seven groups separated by age (65–74, 75+) and language (English, Spanish). The outcome was willingness to adopt technology. Predictors included self-assessed abilities (e.g., numeric ability), computer/Internet skills and knowledge, technology readiness, age, language, and technology ratings (e.g., perceived value). Analyses included Spearman’s ρ, t-tests, and regression analysis. Focus group discussions were examined for supportive examples.

Results
Self-assessed abilities and computer/Internet skills were predictive of willingness to adopt technologies although the relationship varied according to the technology examined. Technology readiness, age, and language group showed weak associations with the outcome. Of the technology ratings, perceived value, confidence in ability to learn the technology, and the perceived impact on QoL were the most robust predictors of willingness to adopt technology.

Discussion and Implications
Findings indicate that various stakeholders in technology adoption among older adults must be cognizant of a technology’s functionality and complexity as well as the characteristics and abilities of older adults. However, certain factors such as perceptions about the value of the technology and potential impact on QoL are also critically important to decisions regarding technology adoption among older people.
SN 2015as: a low-luminosity Type IIb supernova without an early light-curve peak
Authors: Gangopadhyay Anjasha , Misra Kuntal , Pastorello A , Sahu D K , Tomasella L , Tartaglia L , Singh Mridweeka , Dastidar Raya , Srivastav S , Ochner P , Brown Peter J , Anupama G C , Benetti S , Cappellaro E , Kumar Brajesh , Kumar Brijesh , Pandey S B 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe present results of the photometric (from 3 to 509 d post-explosion) and spectroscopic (up to 230 d post-explosion) monitoring campaign of the He-rich Type IIb supernova (SN) 2015as. The (B − V) colour evolution of SN 2015as closely resemble those of SN 2008ax, suggesting that SN 2015as belongs to the SN IIb subgroup that does not show the early, short-duration photometric peak. The light curve of SN 2015as reaches the B-band maximum about 22 d after the explosion, at an absolute magnitude of −16.82 ± 0.18 mag. At ∼75 d after the explosion, its spectrum transitions from that of a SN II to a SN Ib. P Cygni features due to He i lines appear at around 30 d after explosion, indicating that the progenitor of SN 2015as was partially stripped. For SN 2015as, we estimate a 56Ni mass of ∼0.08 M⊙ and ejecta mass of 1.1–2.2 M⊙, which are similar to the values inferred for SN 2008ax. The quasi-bolometric analytical light-curve modelling suggests that the progenitor of SN 2015as has a modest mass (∼0.1 M⊙), a nearly compact (∼0.05 × 1013 cm) H envelope on top of a dense, compact (∼2 × 1011 cm) and a more massive (∼1.2 M⊙) He core. The analysis of the nebular phase spectra indicates that ∼0.44 M⊙ of O is ejected in the explosion. The intensity ratio of the [Ca ii]/[O i] nebular lines favours either a main-sequence progenitor mass of ∼15 M⊙ or a Wolf–Rayet star of 20 M⊙.
Peripheral Vasculitic Neuropathy Associated With Minocycline Use
Authors: Kang Min K. , Gupta Rajesh K. , Srinivasan Jayashri 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We describe 2 patients presenting with multiplex mononeuritis, associated with skin manifestation, secondary to minocycline-induced vasculitis. One of the cases is associated neither with lupus nor polyarteritis nodosa. An extensive laboratory workup ruled out any possible underlying immunologic disorder. Electrodiagnostic studies were conducted to show axonal neuropathy in patchy and multifocal distribution consistent with multiplex mononeuritis. This diagnosis was confirmed with nerve biopsy. Withdrawing from the offending medication, minocycline, improved the patients' clinical condition and the quantitative serological measures.