bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeing Weather Through Chaos: A Case Study of Disembedding Skills in Undergraduate Meteorology Students
Authors: McNeal Peggy , Petcovic Heather , Bals-Elsholz Teresa , Ellis Todd 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDisembedding, or recognizing patterns in a distracting background, is a spatial thinking skill that is particularly relevant to the interpretation of meteorological surface and upper-air maps. Difficulty “seeing” patterns such as cyclonic flow, thermal ridges, or pressure gradients can make weather analysis challenging for students. In this qualitative case study, we characterize how three undergraduate meteorology students with varying disembedding skill complete a series of meteorological tasks. Videos and transcribed verbal data collected during the task, as well as participant products, were analyzed for instances of disembedding and rule-based reasoning. Results demonstrate that the student with greater disembedding skill relied on observing patterns embedded in meteorological maps in conjunction with rule-based reasoning, whereas the two students with lower disembedding skill preferred generalized application of rules. These results can aid meteorology instructors in recognizing students who struggle with disembedding data and patterns and inform the development of instructional interventions in undergraduate meteorology classrooms.
Portraits of Mentor-Junior Faculty Relationships: From Power Dynamics to Collaboration
Authors: Cowin Kathleen M. , Cohen Leonora M. , Ciechanowski Kathryn M. , Orozco Richard A. 
Published: January 2019

This qualitative self-study of the mentoring experiences of three junior faculty members and their mentor addressed the question: How did we negotiate the dynamics of powerlessness and power in our mentor-junior faculty relationships? Using portraiture as the methodology, we created dialogic word “portraits” to illustrate our mentoring processes, based on retrospective reviews of our emails, discussion transcriptions, and free-writes. The portraits were examined for patterns relating to power, powerlessness, and the process of negotiation that involved race, gender, mentor credibility, novice authority, frustration, disagreements, and ultimately, collaboration. While the larger study also addressed the relationships within the institution, this article focuses on the mentoring relationships that supported the junior faculty members’ efforts to write for publication, including this article. The study that is reported in this article is part of a larger investigation that focused on power and powerlessness, as experienced by junior faculty, both in the institution and with the mentor, and the ways these concerns were negotiated, as we found these concepts evidenced repeatedly in the portraits that captured our interactions. The data were used to answer the following question: How did we negotiate the dynamics of powerlessness and power in our mentor-junior faculty relationships?
Positive and Negative Experiences on Social Media and Perceived Social Isolation
Authors: Primack Brian A. , Karim Sabrina A. , Shensa Ariel , Bowman Nicholas , Knight Jennifer , Sidani Jaime E. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose: To examine the association between positive and negative experiences on social media (SM) and perceived social isolation (PSI). Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: One large mid-Atlantic University. Participants: A total of 1178 students aged 18 to 30 were recruited in August 2016. Measures: Participants completed an online survey assessing SM use and PSI. We assessed positive and negative experiences on SM by directly asking participants to estimate what percentage of their SM experiences involved positive and negative experiences, respectively. Social isolation was measured using the established Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures Information System scale. Analysis: We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between both positive and negative experiences on SM and PSI. Primary models controlled for sex, age, race/ethnicity, educational status, relationship status, and living situation. Results: Participants had an average age of 20.9 (standard deviation = 2.9) and were 62% female. Just over one-quarter (28%) were nonwhite. After controlling for all sociodemographic covariates, each 10% increase in positive experiences was not significantly associated with social isolation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93-1.005). However, each 10% increase in negative experiences was associated with a 13% increase in odds of PSI (AOR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05-1.21). Conclusion: Having positive experiences on SM is not associated with lower social isolation, whereas having negative experiences on SM is associated with higher social isolation. These findings are consistent with the concept of negativity bias, which suggests that humans tend to give greater weight to negative entities compared with positive ones.
IL-12 and IL-23/Th17 axis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Larosa Maddalena , Zen Margherita , Gatto Mariele , Jesus Diogo , Zanatta Elisabetta , Iaccarino Luca , Inês Luis , Doria Andrea 
Published: January 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a very complex disease where multiple immunological pathways can concur in inducing tissue damage. Cytokines are key mediators in this process and among them the role of interleukin (IL)-12 and the IL-23/Th17 axis has recently emerged. IL-12 and IL-23 have a heterodimeric structure with a common subunit, named p40. Although they share a partially common structure, their functions appear slightly different. Indeed, IL-12 is a key cytokine in inducing an efficient T helper 1 (Th1) response and in Th differentiation, while IL-23 plays a crucial role in chronic inflammation and Th17 cell activation, which results in IL-17 secretion. The increasing knowledge on the interaction between IL-12 and IL-23/Th17 axis in the development of autoimmune diseases has led to the identification of new therapeutic strategies targeting these immunological pathways. IL-23/Th17 axis has recently been suggested to be essential in developing lupus nephritis, both in mice and in humans. In keeping with these observations, ustekinumab, a fully human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed towards p40 subunit, has been investigated in SLE. Promising data from a phase II randomized controlled trial in SLE patients suggest that this mAb might be a potential novel therapeutic strategy in SLE. In this review, we summarize the complex interaction between IL-12 and IL-23/Th17 axis in SLE with a special focus on drugs which affect this immune pathway.Impact statementOur article is focused on emerging pathogenetic pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Notably, IL-12 and IL-23 have been described as emerging cytokines in SLE pathogenesis. We know that IL-23 stimulates Th17 cells to produce IL-17. We try to point out the importance of IL-23/Th17 axis in SLE and to focus on the interaction between this axis and IL-12. Ustekinumab, a fully human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody directed towards the p40 shared subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, has been recently investigated in SLE, suggesting a potential novel therapeutic strategy in SLE. To our knowledge, there are no reviews which simultaneously focus on IL-12 an IL-23/Th17 axis in SLE. Thus, we believe our work will be of interest to the readers.
Recruitment into old age psychiatry
Authors: McAlpine Lynsey , Bailey Alex , Milward Kate , Blewett Charlotte 
Published: January 2019

This research aimed to explore the trainee perspective on factors affecting recruitment into old age psychiatry higher training in the UK. A qualitative survey was created by the Faculty of Old Age Psychiatry and distributed to current higher trainees in all psychiatric subspecialties. A total of 324 higher trainees responded to the survey, representing a broad demographic range. Thematic analysis was carried out, with sufficient responses to achieve saturation. Key themes included concerns about the future of the specialty, issues with social care, lack of support with patients’ physical health needs, issues with training posts, and workload. The need to improve core trainees’ experience of the specialty was highlighted. Many positive themes arose from the data; however, a number of barriers to recruitment were also identified. The findings have implications for recruitment to the specialty and should be used to inform recruitment strategy moving forward.Declaration of interestNone.
SOL1 and SOL2 regulate fate transition and cell divisions in the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage
Authors: Simmons Abigail R. , Davies Kelli A. , Wang Wanpeng , Liu Zhongchi , Bergmann Dominique C. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
In the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage, cells transit through several distinct precursor identities, each characterized by unique cell division behaviors. Flexibility in the duration of these precursor phases enables plants to alter leaf size and stomatal density in response to environmental conditions; however, transitions between phases must be complete and unidirectional to produce functional and correctly patterned stomata. Among direct transcriptional targets of the stomatal initiating factor SPEECHLESS, a pair of genes, SOL1 and SOL2, are required for effective transitions in the lineage. We show that these two genes, which are homologs of the LIN54 DNA-binding components of the mammalian DREAM complex, are expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner and regulate cell fate and division properties in the self-renewing early lineage. In the terminal division of the stomatal lineage, however, these two proteins appear to act in opposition to their closest paralog, TSO1, revealing complexity in the gene family that may enable customization of cell divisions in coordination with development.
Acceleration of Hydrolytic DNA Cleavage by Dicopper(II) Complexes withp-Cresol-Derived Dinucleating Ligands at Slightly Acidic pH and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Kodera Masahito , Kadoya Yuki , Aso Kenta , Fukui Katsuki , Nomura Akiko , Hitomi Yutaka , Kitagishi Hiroaki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFour dicopper(II) complexes, [Cu2(µ-X)(bcmp)](ClO4)2 [X = OH (1a) and X = Cl (1b)], [Cu2(µ-OH)(Me4bcmp)](ClO4)2 (2), and [Cu2(bcc)](ClO4)3 (3), were synthesized with three p-cresol-derived ligands, 2,6-bis(1,4,7-triazacyclononylmethyl)-4-meth-ylphenol (Hbcmp), 2,6-bis(1,4,7-triaza-4,7-dimethylcyclonon-ylmethyl)-4-methylphenol (HMe4bcmp), and 2,6-bis(1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecylmethyl)-4-methylphenol (Hbcc) to study hydrolytic DNA cleavage. Crystal structures of 1a, 1b, 2, and 3 were determined by X-ray analysis. The pH titrations and spectroscopic studies in the complexations of the ligands with copper(II) perchlorate revealed that the dicopper core structures of 1a, 2, and 3 in the solid state are kept at pH 5–9 in an aqueous solution. DNA binding abilities of 1a, 2, and 3 were examined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). DNA cleavage studies were carried out by using supercoiled plasmid pUC19 DNA. 1a largely accelerated hydrolytic DNA cleavage at pH 5–6 but not at pH 7–8. This is the first example of pH-dependent DNA cleavage by a dicopper complex. Inhibition studies with specific DNA binders, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and methyl green, suggested that 1a accelerates the DNA cleavage via GC-specific binding. The mechanistic insights into the pH-dependent DNA cleavage are proposed on the basis of the crystal structures, structures in aqueous solutions, DNA binding modes, and DNA cleavage activities of 1a, 1b, 2, and 3.
АНАЛИЗ ПСИХИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ РАБОТАЮЩИХ В АРКТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Authors: Davydova Valentina Yakovlevna , Egorova Aida Iunjevna 
Published: January 2019

Цель исследования. В статье описывается исследование психического состояния специалистов, работающих в арктических и экстремальных условиях Крайнего Севера. Доминирующее психическое состояние характеризует активность человека в процессе деятельностии свидетельствует об удовлетворенности актуальных потребностей личности.Метод и методология проведения работы. Для изучения доминирующего состояния был использован опросник Л.В. Куликова. Математическая обработка данных осуществлялась при помощи коэффициента корреляции Пирсона.Результаты. Выявлены негативные доминирующие состояния у респондентов, снижение интенсивности и темпа деятельности, связанные с истощением ресурсных возможностей человека.Респонденты отмечают изменчивость настроения, повышенную раздражительность, подавленность. Женщины проявляют более стабильное и позитивное психическое состояние, чем мужчины. Чем больше стаж работы на Севере, тем больше активности проявляют респонденты, повышается тонус, снижается тревога. Адаптационные процессы могут способствовать улучшению эмоционального фона, длительная трудовая деятельность в условиях Арктики и Крайнего Севера может приводить к профессиональному выгоранию, и различного рода профессиональным деформациям.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере разработки программ адаптации специалистов и вахтовых работников к экстремальным условиям Крайнего Севера.
ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ДЕТЕЙ С КОХЛЕАРНЫМ НАРУШЕНИЕМ
Authors: Dmitrieva Alexandra , Shamaeva Victoria 
Published: January 2019

Цель исследования. В статье описывается исследование психоэмоцинальных состояний детей с кохлеарным нарушением. Представлены результаты исследования факторов, которые могут влиять на развитие тех или иных негативных компонентов психоэмоционального состояния, закономерности формирования психоэмоционального состояния у детей с кохлеарными нарушениями.Метод и методология проведения работы. Для изучения психоэмоциональных состояний детей с кохлеарным нарушением были применены методика САН (Самочувствие. Активность. Настроение); диагностики страхов (Захаров А.И.) и рисованный апперцептивный тест (РАТ).Результаты. Психоэмоциональное состояние детей с кохлеарным нарушением характеризуется сниженным фоном настроения, преобладанием негативного психоэмоционального состояния с выраженным страхом. Отмечается тенденция к негативному восприятию своего окружения, недостаточные навыки для конструктивного взаимодействия с окружающими, а также страх быть отвергнутым, не получить помощь и подвергнуться чужой агрессии.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в разработке индивидуальной психолого-педагогической программы сопровождения для ребенка с кохлеарным нарушением, а также могут быть использованы специалистами в работе с родителями детей с кохлеарным нарушением.
ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ
Authors: Lukina Valentina Sergeevna , Sidorova Tuyaara Nikiforovna , Nikolaeva Anna Vasilevna 
Published: January 2019

Цель. В статье представлены типологические особенности инновационного поведения студентов.Метод или методология проведения работы. Методы исследования – опросники, проективные методы, эксперимент. Выборку составили студенты разных уровней образования – вуза и колледжа.Научная новизна исследования заключается в выявлении корреляционных связей между различными показателями инновационности и креативности, а также выявлении типов инновационного поведения студентов.Результаты. Типы поведения были выделены путем кластеризации полученных данных, выявлено три типа поведения, представлено описание каждого типа. В целом выделенные типы отличаются направленностью мотивации, отношением к инновациям, уровнем креативности. Высокая мотивация инновационной деятельности кроме положительного эмоционального отношения ко всему новому предполагает, но и наличие успешного опыта инноваций.Кроме того, принимающий тип инновационного поведения характеризуется ориентацией на будущее. Количественные данные были соотнесены с данными наблюдения, полученными в ходе эксперимента. Успешность в выполнении заданий, предполагающих проявление инновационности, не коррелирует с уровнем индивидуальной креативности.
A State Aggregation Approach for Stochastic Multiperiod Last-Mile Ride-Sharing Problems
Authors: Agussurja Lucas , Cheng Shih-Fen , Lau Hoong Chuin 
Published: January 2019

The arrangement of last-mile services is playing an increasingly important role in making public transport more accessible. We study the use of ridesharing in satisfying last-mile demands with the assumption that demands are uncertain and come in batches. The most important contribution of our paper is a two-level Markov decision process framework that is capable of generating a vehicle-dispatching policy for the aforementioned service. We introduce state summarization, representative states, and sample-based cost estimation as major approximation techniques in making our approach scalable. We show that our approach converges and solution quality improves as sample size increases. We also apply our approach to a series of case studies derived from a real-world public transport data set in Singapore. By examining three distinctive demand profiles, we show that our approach performs best when the distribution is less uniform and the planning area is large. We also demonstrate that a parallel implementation can further improve the performance of our solution approach. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0840 .
Multidisciplinary Treatment – A Case Report
Authors: Griffiths Sarah E , Sandler Jonathan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract: This article describes the multidisciplinary management of a 10-year-old boy who presented with severe hypodontia. Treatment involved tooth transplantation and space opening for the provision of single unit osseointegrated implants. It will demonstrate the need for good lines of communication between orthodontists, maxillofacial surgeons, implantologists and restorative dentists to ensure a successful outcome for the patient. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To illustrate the importance of multidisciplinary care and meticulous planning in the treatment of patients with severe hypodontia.
Multiple Recurrent Supernumerary Teeth: A Case Report
Authors: Sharif Mohammad Owaise , Ahmed Farooq , Nazir Mariyah 
Published: January 2019

Supernumerary teeth affect approximately 1–3% of the population, however, recurrent supernumerary teeth are extremely rare (prevalence = 0.0001%) and may be associated with undiagnosed syndromes. The syndromes associated with recurrent supernumerary teeth vary widely and a diagnosis often necessitates involvement of a spectrum of medical disciplines. This case report describes a patient with recurrent supernumerary teeth and a history of sebaceous cysts that indicated the potential presence of Gardner's syndrome. It highlights the importance of multidisciplinary communication and investigation for effective patient management. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Supernumerary teeth can be a feature of several syndromes. Dental health professionals should be aware of this association and of the signs that indicate that further investigation may be warranted.
Orofacial Granulomatosis in an Orthodontic Patient: a Case Report
Authors: Ulhaq Aman , Tidbury Katy 
Published: January 2019

A case is presented of a 14-year-old male patient being treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance who presented with a persistent upper lip swelling. The patient was experiencing discomfort from the appliance and the appliance was debonded. A diagnosis of orofacial granulomatosis was established and the patient was managed carefully with a cinnamon- and benzoate-free diet leading to resolution of the swelling. Orofacial granulomatosis is a rare condition and its presentation, diagnosis, and management are discussed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Orthodontists should be aware of the presentation of orofacial granulomatosis and the possible challenges associated with managing these patients.
Assessment of Facial Asymmetry in Orthognathic Patients
Authors: Gibson Clara , Noar Joseph 
Published: January 2019

Discrepancies between dental and facial midlines are not uncommon and these may have a dental or a skeletal cause. When planning orthognathic surgery, a decision must be made whether to accept or correct these. This paper presents a simple technique that uses graph paper to evaluate any midline discrepancies as an aid to pre-treatment discussion and explanation with the patient. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Accurate diagnosis of the clinical problem and complete patient understanding of the situation are imperative, both for informed consent and for a favourable treatment outcome. Tracing of a posterior-anterior cephalogram on graph paper can aid treatment planning and patient comprehension.
Simultaneous Bilateral Intrusion of Supra-Erupted Maxillary Molars using Miniscrew Implants
Authors: Shetty Aneesha A , Shetty Adarsh S , Naik Roopak D , Patil Anand K 
Published: January 2019

The loss of lower molars often leads to over-eruption of the opposing maxillary molars, combined with insufficient clearance for lower prosthetic restorations. The available treatment options are either a significant reduction of the maxillary teeth, often associated with endodontic treatment, or removable appliances such as headgear which depend on patient compliance; a complex fixed orthodontic treatment, which may involve unwanted side-effects, or a segmental impaction involving all the risks of surgery and patient discomfort. In previous years, different cases of orthodontic intrusion with miniscrew implants have been described, which make use of four or more miniscrews for bilateral maxillary molar intrusion. In this report, a case is presented requiring bilateral maxillary molar intrusion in order to get sufficient space for an implant-supported fixed restoration in the lower posterior region. This intrusion was carried out simultaneously on both sides by means of three miniscrew implants and a customized transpalatal arch. The results showed significant intrusion of the supra-erupted maxillary molars with normal and acceptable biological response of the teeth and the surrounding bony structures. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper presents a case report demonstrating a new clinical technique to intrude supra-erupted maxillary molars simultaneously on both sides with the use of three miniscrew implants instead of the conventional four, and a customized transpalatal arch which is simple to fabricate. The technique shows effective results in terms of intrusion achieved and the absence of clinically detectable apical root resorption of the intruded molars.
Anterior Crossbite Correction with a Lower Removable Appliance
Authors: Borrie Felicity , Bearn David 
Published: January 2019

This case demonstrates the use of a novel design of lower removable appliance to correct an anterior crossbite, by retracting the lower incisors. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Patients usually do not tolerate lower removable appliances; however, this case highlights how a simple modification to a lower removable appliance can make it patient friendly and a useful appliance in the management of anterior crossbites in those cases where an upper appliance is not appropriate.