bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tensile Properties and Impact Strength of RHDPE/BF Composites: The Effects of Chemical Treatment
Authors: Ahmad Kamal Aini Asifa , Noriman N Z , Sam S T , Al-Rashdi Awad A. , Johari I. , Razlan Z M , Shahriman A B , Zunaidi I , Khairunizam Wan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recycled high-density polyethylene reinforced with bamboo filler were compounded with twin-screw extruder and injection molding process. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of different chemical treatment with different concentration for bamboo filler reinforced with recycled high-density polyethylene composites via injection molding. The fillers were reinforced with plastic for different concentration of sodium hydroxide and acetic acid at 2.5 %, 5.0 % and 7.5 %. Mechanical measurements will show the presence of different chemical treatment with different concentration insignificantly effect in the composites tensile properties and also impact properties. The result of the mechanical analysis carried out showed that the presence of natural filler in composites will improve the properties of the material.
Comparison Between Performance of De-ionized Water and Al2O3/De-ionized Water on Enhancing the Transportation of Heat in Small Space
Authors: Bin-Abdun Nazih A , Razlan Z M , Bakar S A , Voon C H , Wan W K , Zunaidi I , Albzeirat M K , Noriman N Z 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this article, the influence of deionized water and Al2O3/deionized water nanofluid to cooling battery ambient temperature is shown in figure 1. The battery temperature is observed to be decrease as the Al2O3/deionized water nanofluids volume concentration and high flow rate is incremented. The Al2O3/deionized water nanofluid exhibits enhancement as compared to deionized water under laminar flow conditions. The 0.60 vol. % concentration of Al2O3 with 10g surfactant and 1 L/min flow rate gives the highest heat transfer rate value among all with 65 % higher as compared to deionized water at laminar flow was observed. It has been observed that 24 hr of ultra-sonication was the best duration in the presence of a surfactant, where it gives the best stability and improved thermal conductivity, this improvement is due to decrease of aggregates within nanoparticle.
Experimental study of UAV propeller Thrust generation for various Propeller Blade-Span and the relation with mouth-ring
Authors: Othman M N K , Razlan Z M , Wahid Z A , Shahriman A B , Zunaidi I , Khairunizam Wan , Noriman N Z 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this study, the main focus is to investigate the thrust generation of various propeller blade width-spans with the relation of mouth-ring application. By using the parameter, the thrust was calculated based on the value of velocity, voltage and rpm. The testing was performed in two condition that is with mouth-ring and without mouth-ring and 2 size of propeller been tested in this experiment. The application of mouth-ring is based on the gap between the wall of mouth-ring and the blade tip. There are 3 size of gap; 10mm, 8mm and 5mm. The result shows that 10mm mouth-ring have better thrust generation other than two gap. In addition, if compare to with and without mouth-ring, the application of mouth-ring also has proved it has a better thrust. Furthermore, the application of mouth-ring is evaluating to be good base on this study.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Heterocyclic Compounds Derived from Benzothiazole
Authors: Mahmoud Muhanned A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The present work involves study of some new 1,3-oxazepine and diazepines derivatives by cycloaddition reaction between Schiff s bases and (Succinic imide, phthalic imide, and 3-nitophthalic) anhydride with dry benzene as a solvent. Oxazepine and diazepines derivatives from 4-chloro-6-nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine were synthesized. These derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of Schiff base with different anhydrides in presence of dry benzene. The starting material was 4-Chloro-6-nitro 2-aminobenzothiazole which prepared from 2-Chloro -4-nitroaniline and ammonium thiocyanate with presence of bromine and sodium acetate. The prepared compounds have been characterized by melting points and some physical properties besides the FT-IR,H-NMR spectra. The purity for these compounds was checked by TLC.
Physical properties of plasticized PLA/HNTs bionanocomposites: effects of plasticizer type and content
Authors: Alakrach Abdulkader M. , Noriman N Z , Dahham Omar S , Al-Rashdi Awad A. , Johari I. , Razlan Z M , Shahriman A B , Zunaidi I , Khairunizam Wan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite films were utilized for different applications, such as packaging, drug recover and other applications. The incorporation of plasticizer into polymer nanocomposites modifies some of their functional and physical properties, such as increasing flexibility, moisture sensitivity, in addition to other functional properties. However, the effects of Polyethylen glycol (PEG) and sesame oil (SO) on selected physical properties (moisture content (MC), contact angle (CA) and water vapor permeability (WVP)) of PLA)/HNTs bionanocomposite films were examined. The plasticized PLA/HNTs (5 wt % HNTs loading) bionanocomposite films were prepared using the solution casting method at room temperature. The concentrations of each plasticizer that used indivisually were (0, 10, 20 and 30 wt %). Results show that the increasing of PEG content led to increase in moisture content and water vapor permeability and decrease in contact angle of the films. On the contrary, the increasing of SO levels led to decrease in moisture content and water vapor permeability and increase in contact angle of the films. Differences in measured physical properties of films with plasticizer type and concentration may be attributed to differences in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the plasticizers. SO was the plasticizer that showed the most interested effect (low moisture content and water vapor permeability) on PLA/HNTs films for food packaging applications compared to PEG.
Slow Release Fertilizer from Treated Rice Straw/Urea Beads Coated With Natural Rubber: FTIR and UV-Vis Analysis
Authors: Aini A K , Hamzah R , Noriman N Z , Al-Rashdi Awad A. , Johari I. , Razlan Z M , Shahriman A B , Zunaidi I , Khairunizam Wan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Slow release fertilizer (SRF) that consist of rice straw (RS) and urea coated with natural rubber (NR) and salt abbreviated as RS/Urea beads coated with NR/salt composites were prepared. RS was sieved in two different sizes which were 500 μm and 1 mm. Both of the RS sizes were treated with sodium hydroxide to expand the fibre capacity in order to store more urea. The RS/urea beads were then coated with NR/salt composite. Two concentrations of the salts prepared which were 5 % and 10 % towards the weight of the NR while 0 % salt act as a control. The role of salt is to introduce pore to the NR which allow urea to pass through its coating when soaked in the water. All SRF samples were analysed using FTIR and UV-Vis technique.
Prediction of Ethylene Production Rate of Barangan Banana Using Kinetic Enzymatic Michaelis-Menten
Authors: Rahman A F , Darmawaty E , Ahmad U 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
MM is a model that describes the rate of reaction of product ethylene towards the substrate concentration and MMC is an enzymatic kinetics model to see the effect of the increase of O2 on the rate of reaction. The objective of the study was to estimate ethylene production rate in bananas by applying the Michaelis-Menten enzymatic kinetics equation. Barangan Banana with harvest age 11 and 10 weeks were measured respiration rate with continuous gas analyzer in temperature 10, 20, and 28 °C with 3 replications along measurement of ethylene production rate using ethylene meter obtained from a closed system method and represented by Michael-Menten equation. The temperature dependence was represented base on Arrhenius law. The model parameters (KmC2H4
dan rC2H4 max) are calculated using Lineweaver-Burk linier graph method. MM and MMC applications can be used to estimate ethylene production rate of Barangan banana. MM equation resulted that 11-week harvest age obtaining R2 was higher than 10 weeks 0.95 while the 10-week harvested R2 0.94. MMC equation, the 11-week harvest age R2 0.95 was higher compared to 10 weeks R2 0.94. It could be predicted that MM and MMC equations can predicted the rate of ethylene production of Barangan banana
Detection of XRCC1 Expression and (8-OHdG) Levels as a marker of Oxidative DNA Damage in Individuals Exposed to Low Dose of Gamma Rays
Authors: Abbas Kadhum Rafed , Abbas Aldrghi Wathiq 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
To study ionizing radiation (IR) effects on biological systems there several techniques are used to identify molecular features of IR exposure, urinary detection of 8-ohdG by ELISA as a marker of DNA oxidative stress is one of the techniques was used in this research, when IR absorbs in a cell so that causing DNA damage and releases 8-ohdG through correction damage. The detection of XRCC1 expression by QRT- PCR is else technique in this study. The genotoxic of IR can be observed even at a low doses 5cGy, According to RPC (Radiation Protection Center) limited place in Baghdad as a source of low-dose IR( Europium 152) before it is removed, some of workers and slums are exposed to low dose of γ-rays ( 5cGy to 10 cGy ). The study groups included the (G1)fifty workers in metal melting are working closely with ( IR source), (G2)twenty five individuals from slums near the IR source, and(G3) twenty five volunteers individuals of male in different age, didn’t exposure to diagnostic x-ray examination or other radiotherapy. Peripheral blood are collected and urine from all individuals. The results indicate that the level of 8-OHDG factor in workers higher than slums individuals and negatively related with XRCC1 expression, also the expression of XRCC1 decreased in individuals exposed for more than 5cGy, and increasing in slums exposed to 5cGy. The low dose of γ-rays causing genotoxic effects due to a combination of DNA-damaging effects and reduced capacity of DNA repair.
Competition and Intraguild Predation Between Beetles, Pterostichus stygicus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Centipedes, Scolopocryptops sexspinosus (Scolopemdromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae)
Authors: Julian Michele E , Hickerson Cari-Ann M , Anthony Carl D 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStudying interactions between distantly related species is necessary to understand the complexity of food webs. Generalist predator interactions, such as intraguild predation (IGP) and competition, can alleviate predation pressure and weaken top–down control that predators have on lower trophic levels. Centipedes (Chilopoda) and carabid beetles (Coleoptera) are common deciduous forest floor generalist predators that may interact by competing for resources beneath rocks and logs on the forest floor, especially during dry periods when prey become confined to such microhabitats. We used laboratory and field studies to determine whether the carabid beetle, Pterostichus stygicus (Say), and the centipede, Scolopocryptops sexspinosus (Say) co-occur under artificial cover. Additionally, a laboratory mesocosm experiment was used to examine competitive interactions in intra- and interspecific trials. There was significant negative co-occurrence of beetles and centipedes beneath cover objects in the field and laboratory. Pairings of S. sexspinosus and P. stygicus within mesocosms resulted in high mortality of P. stygicus, and reciprocal but asymmetric IGP. Centipedes maintained weight within solitary, intra- and interspecific mesocosm treatments, however, beetles lost mass in all treatments. Scolopocryptops sexspinosus responded more favorably to intra- and interspecific competition than did P. stygicus. Analysis of the leaf litter mesofauna indicated that these predators consumed similar prey in laboratory mesocosms. Our results suggest that species with very different trophic morphology have the potential to compete for shared microhabitat and prey.
Benzene Exposure and Biomarkers in Alveolar Air and Urine Among Deck Crews on Tankers Transporting Gasoline
Authors: Forsell Karl , Liljelind Ingrid , Ljungkvist Göran , Nordlinder Rolf , Andersson Eva , Nilsson Ralph 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionIncreased rates of leukaemia have been found among tanker crews. Occupational exposures to the leukomogen benzene during loading, unloading, and tank cleaning are possible causes. Studies on older types of tankers carrying gasoline with most handling being done manually have revealed important exposures to benzene. Our study explores benzene exposures on tankers with both automatic and manual systems. Correlations between benzene exposure and benzene in alveolar air (AlvBe), benzene in urine (UBe), and trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA) in urine were investigated.MethodsForty-three male seafarers (22 deck crewmembers and 21 not on deck) on five Swedish different product and chemical tankers transporting 95- or 98-octane gasoline were investigated between 1995 and 1998. The tankers used closed systems for the loading and unloading of gasoline but stripping and tank cleaning were done manually. Benzene in respiratory air was measured using personal passive dosimeters during a 4-h work shift. Samples for biomarker analyses were collected pre- and post-shift. Smoking did occur and crewmembers did not use any respiratory protection during work.ResultsThe average 4-h benzene exposure level for exposed was 0.45 mg m−3 and for non-exposed 0.02 mg m−3. Benzene exposure varied with type of work (range 0.02–143 mg m−3). AlvBe, UBe, and ttMA were significantly higher in post-shift samples among exposed and correlated with exposure level (r = 0.89, 0.74, and 0.57, respectively). Smoking did not change the level of significance among exposed.DiscussionBenzene in alveolar air, unmetabolized benzene, and ttMA in urine are potential biomarkers for occupational benzene exposure. Biomarkers were detectable in non-exposed, suggesting benzene exposure even for other work categories on board tankers. Work on tankers carrying gasoline with more or less closed handling of the cargo may still lead to significant benzene exposure for deck crewmembers, and even exceed the Swedish Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL; 8-h time-weighted average [TWA]) of 1.5 mg m−3.
Fondaparinux Significantly Reduces Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism After Body Contouring Procedures Without an Increase in Bleeding Complications
Authors: Sarhaddi Deniz , Xu Kyle , Wisbeck Alex , Deigni Olivier , Kaswan Sumesh , Prada Christian , Lund Herluf 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
It is well established that abdominoplasty confers a uniquely high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) complications. However, chemoprophylaxis is not routinely utilized due to the risk of bleeding complications. Fondaparinux, a factor Xa inhibitor FDA approved in 2001 for postoperative VTE prophylaxis, has emerged as a safe option for preventing VTE complications after high-risk surgeries.

Objectives
The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness and safety of fondaparinux for VTE chemoprophylaxis in patients undergoing abdominoplasty.

Methods
This is a single-center retrospective chart review from January 2008 to December 2014 of 492 patients who underwent abdominoplasty with or without an additional body procedure. Prior to 2011, no VTE chemoprophylaxis was utilized (n = 233). In 2011, the routine employment of postoperative chemoprophylaxis with fondaparinux was implemented (n = 259). Patient demographics and 2005 Caprini scores were evaluated. Primary outcomes included postoperative VTE and bleeding complications.

Results
There were no statistical differences in patient demographics or median Caprini score. The treatment group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the rate of VTE compared with the nontreatment group (0% vs 2.1%, respectively, P = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of hematoma requiring reoperation between the nontreatment and treatment groups (1.7% vs 2.3%, P = 0.76) or blood loss requiring transfusion (0% vs 0.8%, P = 0.5).

Conclusions
Fondaparinux for VTE chemoprophylaxis after abdominoplasty is efficacious in decreasing the risk of VTE in this susceptible patient population without increasing the risk of postoperative bleeding complications.

Level of Evidence: 3
Tyler shape depth
Authors: Paindaveine D , Van Bever G 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn many problems from multivariate analysis, the parameter of interest is a shape matrix: a normalized version of the corresponding scatter or dispersion matrix. In this article we propose a notion of depth for shape matrices that involves data points only through their directions from the centre of the distribution. We refer to this concept as Tyler shape depth since the resulting estimator of shape, namely the deepest shape matrix, is the median-based counterpart of the M-estimator of shape due to Tyler (1987). Besides estimation, shape depth, like its Tyler antecedent, also allows hypothesis testing on shape. Its main benefit, however, lies in the ranking of the shape matrices it provides, the practical relevance of which is illustrated by applications to principal component analysis and shape-based outlier detection. We study the invariance, quasi-concavity and continuity properties of Tyler shape depth, the topological and boundedness properties of the corresponding depth regions, and the existence of a deepest shape matrix, and we prove Fisher consistency in the elliptical case. Finally, we derive a Glivenko–Cantelli-type result and establish almost sure consistency of the deepest shape matrix estimator.
Misdiagnosis of constrictive pericarditis presenting with haemorrhagic pericardial effusion: a case report
Authors: Li Guoliang , Liu Peng , Li Dan , Yan Yang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The symptoms and signs of constrictive pericarditis (CP) are often elusive at onset, with a long symptom-free period that may take weeks to decades to develop after an episode of CP or pericardial injury, leading to a misdiagnosis.

Case summary
In this case, a 58-year-old man complained of lower extremity fatigue, intermittent chest tightness, and shortness of breath. He was first misdiagnosed as neuropathy, later unsuccessfully treated as ischaemic heart disease though severe stenosis of the diagonal branch of left anterior descending artery was confirmed by computer tomography angiography. He was finally diagnosed as CP after carefully reading the initial computed tomography. The gross pathology of heart in situ originally observed at the time of pericardectomy indicated fibrinous pericarditis, massive haemorrhagic pericardial effusion (300 mL), and thickened pericardium (maximum thickness more than 6 mm). Following pericardial tissue biopsy, the histopathology showed chronic fibrinous pericarditis, without a clear aetiology. His symptoms gradually disappeared after surgical pericardectomy. At the 1-year follow-up visit, the patient complained of no discomfort.

Discussion
Constrictive pericarditis is one of the serious diseases commonly misdiagnosed. Computed tomography and echocardiography show the important diagnostic role in patients with CP, and surgical pericardectomy shows the potential in treating this disease, in some of which the mechanism underlying large haemorrhagic pericardial effusion remains unclear.
Conflicting visions? Cuba in the eyes of a Soviet spy and an American diplomat
Authors: Yordanov Radoslav 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This review essay considers the books Raúl Castro: un hombre en revolución by Nikolai S. Leonov and Our woman in Havana: a diplomat's chronicle of America's long struggle with Castro's Cuba by Vicki Huddleston. One would be hard-pressed to find more qualified observers with first-hand experience of Cuba's politics than Nikolai Leonov and Vicki Huddleston. A former chief of KGB's analytical department, Leonov held several medals and decorations, including the Ernesto Che Guevara First Degree Order of the Cuban Council of State. Huddleston, on the other hand, headed the Cuban Affairs of the State Department and in 1999 became the first woman to lead the United States' Interests Section in Havana. Both authors offer in their accounts two visions of Cuba which rather complement each other. The keen revolutionary eye of the Soviet spy leans towards temporality. He saw Cuba in East–West terms, where historically the decade-old American aggressive plans and Soviet's withdrawal pushed the island into a corner. On the other hand, the seasoned American diplomat, well versed in the complex ebb and flow between her state and its southern neighbour, sides with positivity. To her, Cuba is a ‘natural ally’ to the United States. Our woman in Havana admits there is more to the erstwhile Cold War, and with this Ambassador Huddleston's seeks to awaken the ‘better angels’ of US foreign policy towards the island nation.
Identifying main interactions in marine predator–prey networks of the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Astarloa Amaia , Louzao Maite , Boyra Guillermo , Martinez Udane , Rubio Anna , Irigoien Xabier , Hui Francis K C , Chust Guillem 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIdentifying the role that environmental factors and biotic interactions play in species distribution can be essential to better understand and predict how ecosystems will respond to changing environmental conditions. This study aimed at disentangling the assemblage of the pelagic predator–prey community by identifying interspecific associations and their main drivers. For this purpose, we applied the joint species distribution modelling approach, JSDM, to the co-occurrence patterns of both prey and top predator communities obtained from JUVENA surveys during 2013–2016 in the Bay of Biscay. Results showed that the co-occurrence patterns of top predators and prey were driven by a combination of environmental and biotic factors, which highlighted the importance of considering both components to fully understand the community structure. In addition, results also revealed that many biotic interactions, such as schooling in prey (e.g. anchovy–sardine), local enhancement/facilitation in predators (e.g. Cory’s shearwater–fin whale), and predation between predator–prey species (e.g. northern gannet–horse mackerel), were led by positive associations, although predator avoidance behaviour was also suggested between negatively associated species (e.g. striped dolphin–blue whiting). The identification of interspecific associations can therefore provide insights on the functioning of predators–prey network and help advance towards an ecosystem-based management.
Decorated Marked Surfaces III: The Derived Category of a Decorated Marked Surface
Authors: Buan Aslak Bakke , Qiu Yu , Zhou Yu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We study the Ginzburg dg algebra $\Gamma _{\mathbf {T}}$ associated with the quiver with potential arising from a triangulation $\mathbf {T}$ of a decorated marked surface ${\mathbf {S}}_\bigtriangleup$, in the sense of [22]. We show that there is a canonical way to identify all finite-dimensional derived categories $\operatorname {\mathcal {D}}_{fd}(\Gamma _{\mathbf {T}})$, denoted by $\operatorname {\mathcal {D}}_{fd}({\mathbf {S}}_\bigtriangleup )$. As an application, we show that the spherical twist group $\operatorname {ST}({\mathbf {S}}_\bigtriangleup )$ associated with $\operatorname {\mathcal {D}}_{fd}({\mathbf {S}}_\bigtriangleup )$ acts faithfully on its space of stability conditions.