bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historic Land Use Modifies Impacts of Climate and Isolation in Rear Edge European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Populations
Authors: Rhoades Jazz , Vilà‐Cabrera Albert , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma , Bullock James M. , Jump Alistair S. , Chapman Daniel 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLegacies of human land use have the potential to impact demographic responses to climate. However, few studies have investigated the interactive effects of land use legacies and climate change on tree demography. The demographic performance of rear edge populations in particular is an important determinant of a species' long‐term persistence. In this study, we investigated whether human land use legacies affect demographic responses to climate and population isolation in rear edge European beech populations (Fagus sylvatica L.) at the temperate‐Mediterranean transition zone in the NE Iberian Peninsula. We utilised data from the Spanish Forest Inventory and generalised linear mixed models to compare the potential interactions across four different demographic rates (tree growth, survival probability, new adult recruitment and sapling recruitment). We found that the demographic rates were affected by the combination of land use legacies, climate and population isolation in different ways, which could potentially lead to complex shifts in future population dynamics under climate change. We identified that intense historic management either magnified negative relationships between tree demography and climate or population isolation, or reduced demographic performance in favourable climates to levels observed in unfavourable climates. Through either form of interaction, we found that intense historic forest management had a negative impact on tree demography, which has the potential to compromise future carbon stocks and long‐term population viability. Overall, we show that disentangling human and environmental factors can enable us to better understand heterogeneous demographic performance across the rear edge of species distributions.
Pre‐Service Teachers’ Technology Integration in Pronunciation Instruction: Professional Identity and Value Beliefs
Authors: Liu Di , Lai Chun , Lin Rongxin , Jin Tan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTechnology brings new promises to transform second language teaching and learning. Successful technology integration depends on various factors, such as teachers’ professional identity and value beliefs. While scholars have investigated the influential factors for technology integration in language teaching holistically, studies focusing on specific language skills remain limited. With domain‐specific theories and technology applications, pronunciation instruction merits particular attention. In this study, the authors investigated how pre‐service teachers’ professional identity and value beliefs shaped their intended use of technology for pronunciation instruction. Five hundred ninety‐seven pre‐service English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers from China participated in this study. Structural equation modeling analysis identified educator identity orientation, learner‐centered orientation, didactic‐pedagogical orientation, and utility value beliefs of technology as significant predictors of technology integration for pronunciation instruction. In addition, results showed that utility value beliefs mediated the associations between professional identity and participants’ intended use of technology. These findings highlight the crucial role of professional identity and value beliefs in pre‐service teachers’ intended use of technology for language instruction. Findings suggest that teacher educators and teacher training programs may prepare innovative educators by fostering broad identity constructs and enhancing pre‐service teachers’ utility value beliefs of technology.
TYROBP promotes the spread of pancreatic cancer by causing M2 TAM polarization
Authors: Zhong Dingwen , Liao Yonghui , Chen Wenhui , Huang Xianyu , Liu Jiaxin , Wang Zheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimM2‐polarized tumor‐associated macrophages (M2 TAMs) are known to promote cancer progression, and exosomes are crucial mediators of communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the specific role of exosomes derived from M2 TAMs in pancreatic cancer (PC) progression remains poorly understood. Tyrosine kinase binding protein (TYROBP, also known as DAP12 for DNAX activating protein‐12) is a transmembrane signal transduction polypeptide that interacts with immune cell receptors, influencing cellular functions via signal transduction pathways. TYROBP is prominently found in M2 TAMs exosomes, facilitating its transfer to PC cells and suggesting a potential role in PC pathogenesis.MethodsThis study initially confirmed the presence of TYROBP in M2 TAMs exosomes and its transfer to PC cells via exosomes. The impact of TYROBP on PC proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion was investigated. Special attention was given to TYROBP's influence on PC metastasis and its underlying mechanisms, focusing particularly on the CD44/AKT/ERK signaling pathway.ResultsTYROBP expression in PC cells did not significantly affect tumor cell proliferation or apoptosis but demonstrated a notable inhibitory effect on migration and invasion, which was mediated through the CD44/AKT/ERK pathway. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments consistently showed that TYROBP enhanced PC metastasis.ConclusionsThis study elucidates that TYROBP plays a direct role in promoting PC metastasis through its association with M2 TAMs polarization. Therefore, TYROBP represents a potential novel therapeutic target for interventions aimed at combatting PC progression.
Delirium risk profiles in a population‐based study of United States older adults undergoing common noncardiac surgeries
Authors: Joo Hyundeok , Avelino‐Silva Thiago J. , Diaz‐Ramirez L. Grisell , Lee Sei J. , Whitlock Elizabeth L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults often require surgical care and are at elevated risk of delirium. We explored delirium risk profiles across the population of U.S. older adults who underwent one of 10 common noncardiac surgeries.MethodsWe analyzed Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants linked with Medicare billing data who underwent the following 10 noncardiac surgeries from 2000 to 2018 at age 65 or more: total knee arthroplasty (TKA), total hip arthroplasty (THA), spine surgery, cholecystectomy, colorectal surgery, hernia repair (ventral, umbilical, or incisional), endarterectomy, prostatectomy, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), and hysterectomy. Demographic and health covariates were obtained from the HRS dataset. Latent cognitive ability was calculated from cognitive testing, proxy reports, and demographics at the preoperative HRS interview. We compared standardized differences for delirium risk factors across the 10 surgeries and qualitatively clustered them into phenotypical subgroups.ResultsWe analyzed 7424 older adults (mean age 76 ± 6 years, 45% male). Endarterectomy patients presented with the highest burden of nearly all health and cognitive factors, implying higher delirium risk (e.g., stroke, 22%; depressive symptoms, 30%; high school or less education, 73%; frailty, 42%; lowest latent cognitive ability). A second “general surgery” phenotype, including cholecystectomy, colorectal, and hernia surgery patients, experienced more frailty (29%–32%) and depressive symptoms (24%–26%), with moderate comorbidity burden. A third “pain” phenotype, which included TKA, THA, and spine surgery patients, commonly reported moderate or severe pain (47%–53%) and impairment in activities of daily living (ADL, 23%–30%), but fewer comorbid medical conditions. The remaining surgery types (hysterectomy, prostatectomy, TURP) were not phenotypically grouped and generally had lower risk features for delirium.ConclusionIn an epidemiological cohort of US older adults, we identified clinically meaningful heterogeneity in delirium risk profiles across different surgical types, which may have implications for delirium risk stratification and delirium prevention or treatment.
The Potential of Internal Migration to Shape Rural and Urban Populations Across Africa, Asia, and Latin America
Authors: Menashe‐Oren Ashira , Bocquier Philippe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSubnational divergence in the age and sex structures of populations can have far‐stretching consequences for development: from marriage markets to the potential for violence to economic growth. With urbanization and the demographic transition still underway, rural and urban populations continue to differ across low‐ and middle‐income countries. We examine the extent by which internal migration contributes to these differences, from 1970 to 2014 using estimates of migration between rural and urban sectors based on census data from 45 countries. We found that despite heavily delineated migration profiles by age and sex, internal migration does not alter sex and age structures of rural and urban populations. All the same, internal migration does increase urban growth in Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean. In contrast, in Africa, internal migration has little leverage with the urban transition. Across the continents, there is a potential for de‐urbanization, driven by a rural/urban gap in fertility. As such, the rural population may continue to constitute a significant proportion of national populations, necessitating critical investments to ensure they are not left behind.
Supplemental Material: Real-time, in situ viscosity mapping of active lava
Authors: Harris Martin A. , al. et 
Published: November 2024

<p> Item S1: Major-element and glass chemistry of Litli-Hrútur samples, methods, and data tables. Item S2: Combined in situ viscosity and temperature for all measurements conducted in Litli-Hrútur lavas, text, glass thermometry data figure, and data table. Item S3: Calibration for the rotational viscometer, and description of the procedure with a corresponding figure. Item S4: Photomicrographs and textures of Litli-Hrútur samples, methods, and representative figures of lava textures. Item S5: Petrologic approach to modeling three-phase Litli-Hrútur lavas, and data table. </p>
Spoke-Type Structures in an Ion Diode with Magnetic Insulation of Electrons
Authors: Pushkarev A. I. , Zhu X. P. , Polisadov S. S. , Tang P. , Yang Z. , Lei M. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The article presents the results concerning the cross-sectional energy density distribution of a pulsed ion beam for two types of diodes with electron open drift: with external magnetic insulation (250 kV, 80 ns, 0.6 T) and with self-magnetic insulation of electrons (250–300 kV, 120 ns, 0.8 T). Anode plasma is formed using a breakdown along the surface of the anode dielectric coating (single-pulse mode) or explosive electron emission (with double opposite-polarity pulses). It was found that, when the energy density of the ion beam exceeds ≈0.4 J/cm2, periodic spoke-type structures with a step of 3–6 cm in the beam cross section are formed. The processes of formation of such a structure—nonuniform density of anode plasma and self-organization of anode and/or cathode plasma in crossed electric and magnetic fields—are analyzed. It is shown that the formation of local plasma regions in the anode–cathode gap of an ion diode can cause the formation of a periodic structure of the cross-sectional energy density distribution.
Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale
Authors: González-Zamorano Yeray , Moreno-Verdú Marcos , Fernández-Carnero Josué , Herreros-Rodríguez Jaime , Romero Juan Pablo 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale (KPPS).Design: A descriptive transversal study at a Spanish hospital.Methods: Fifty‐three Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients suffering from otherwise explained pain (34 females, age = 63.42 ± 10.52 years, time with disease = 7.25 ± 4.65 years) were evaluated by the KPPS, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), two Pain Pressure Thresholds (PPTs), Widespread Mechanical Hyperalgesia (WMH), and Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM). A retest of the KPPS was performed 7–15 days later. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)), measurement error, factor structure, and criterion/convergent validity were assessed.Results: Internal consistency of the Spanish KPPS was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.77). The mean test and retest total KPPS scores were similar (test = 34.83 ± 23.50 points, retest = 35.87 ± 26.23 points), and test–retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75–0.91). Standard error of measurement (SEM) was 9.1 points and smallest detectable change (SDC) was 25.22 points. The sampling adequacy was not sufficient to perform factor analysis. The total KPPS score was not correlated to the BPI intensity subscale (r = 0.18, p = 0.19), but it was moderately and positively correlated to the interference subscale (r = 0.43, p = 0.001). The total KPPS was moderately and negatively correlated to both the remote PPT (r = −0.4, p = 0.003) and WMH (r = −0.38, p = 0.005). No statistical correlations were found with local PPT or CPM.Conclusion: The present study provides evidence that the Spanish KPPS effectively measures pain in individuals with PD, with its total score demonstrating good reliability, minimal measurement error, and adequate criterion and convergent validity.
Trade Elasticities in General Equilibrium: Demand, Supply, and Aggregation
Authors: Farrokhi Farid , Soderbery Anson 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We develop a general equilibrium model of international trade that incorporates imperfect factor mobility, product entry, and external returns to scale into a unified framework. The effects from these microeconomic channels can be summarized by two composite elasticities that govern supply and aggregation. We structurally derive export supply and import demand curves, develop a heteroskedastic estimator, and estimate supply, aggregation, and demand elasticities across international product markets. Employing our estimated model, we evaluate the impact of recent US protectionist policies and highlight the importance of our estimates and general equilibrium effects for tariff passthrough rates and cross-industry employment reallocations.
Machine Learning Can Predict Shooting Victimization Well Enough to Help Prevent It
Authors: Heller Sara B. , Jakubowski Benjamin , Jelveh Zubin , Kapustin Max 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using Chicago police data, we train a machine learning model to predict the risk of being shot in the next 18 months. Out-of-sample accuracy is strikingly high. A central concern with using police data is “baking in” bias, or overestimating risk for groups likelier to interact with police conditional on behavior. Our predictions, however, accurately recover risk across demographic groups. Legal, ethical, and practical barriers should prevent using victimization predictions to target law enforcement. But using them to target social services could increase both the potential for interventions to reduce shootings and the available statistical power to detect those reductions.
Underlying Inflation and Asymmetric Risks
Authors: Le Bihan Hervé , Leiva-León Danilo , Pacce Matías 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We propose a new measure of underlying inflation that informs, in real time, about asymmetric risks on the outlook of inflationary pressures. The asymmetries are generated through nonlinearities induced by economic activity. The new indicator is based on a multivariate regime-switching framework jointly estimated on disaggregated sub-components of the euro area HICP and has several additional advantages. First, it is able to swiftly infer abrupt changes in underlying inflation. Second, it helps to timely track turning points in underlying inflation. Third, the proposed indicator also has a satisfactory performance with respect to various criteria relevant for inflation monitoring.
The Long-Run Effects of Individual Debt Relief
Authors: Bruze Gustaf , Hilsløv Alexander Kjær , Maibom Jonas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Individuals with extensive debt may be granted debt relief in court. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of the Danish debt relief program with data from court records linked to nationwide register data. Using event-study methods and quasi-random assignment of applicants to court trustees with varying admission rates, we show that debt relief leads to a large increase in earned income, employment, assets, real estate, secured debt, home ownership, and wealth that persists for more than 25 years after a court ruling. The net transition of workers into employment accounts for two thirds of the increase in earned income.
Time Varying Extremes
Authors: Müller Ulrich K. , Watson Mark W. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Standard extreme value theory implies that the distribution of the largest observations of a large cross section is well approximated by a parametric model, governed by a location, scale and shape parameter. The extremes of a panel of independent cross sections are all governed by the same parameters as long as the underlying distribution as well as the size of the cross sections are time invariant. We derive inference about these parameters, and tests of the null hypothesis of time invariance, under asymptotics that do not require the number of extremes or the number of time periods to increase. We further apply Hamiltonian Monte Carlo techniques to estimate the path of time-varying parameters. We illustrate the approach in four examples of U.S. data: damages from weather-related disasters, financial returns, city sizes and firm sizes.
Breeding of new kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) cultivars with yellow (golden) fleshed and superior characteristics
Authors: Asadi Mojdeh , Ghasemnezhad Mahmood , Bakhshipour Adel , Olfati Jamalali , Atak Arif 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe most widely cultivated species globally is Actinidia deliciosa cv. ‘Hayward’. However, in recent years, consumers have shown greater demand for new varieties with novel flesh colour, flavour and appearance in international markets. To meet these expectations, one breeding study was started in 2016 at the University of Guilan in Iran to develop new kiwifruit cultivars with superior characteristics. In this breeding program, 201 female and 534 male hybrid genotypes were obtained from combinations of six different parents using the controlled cross-breeding technique. The evaluations were carried out over three consecutive stages. In the first stage, 201 female hybrid genotypes and control (‘Golden’) were evaluated based on 25 phenological and pomological traits. In the second stage, hybrids passed the desired threshold values in 7 key attributes were selected. Sensory testing in the next stage evaluated these selected hybrid genotypes more. As a result of the first stage, 30 hybrid genotypes with fruit weight (90 ≥ g) were selected. Then, in the second stage, 21 hybrids that showed acceptable dry matter, hue angle, flesh firmness, soluble solid content, acidity, and ascorbic acid were selected. Finally, 13 hybrid genotypes received high scores in sensory testing, and just two hybrid genotypes represented a 100% of novelty with positive texture. These genotypes were selected as potential cultivar candidates. In future studies, fruit yield, disease/pest resistance, and post-harvest performance trials of the 13 selected candidates will be evaluated at different sites. Thus, the ones that give the best results will be introduced to kiwifruit growers.
Patterns and factors associated with electrolyte abnormalities among patients with heart failure in Uganda
Authors: Abdi Awil Abdulkadir , Louis Nyende , Hirsi Abshir M. , Nur Ibrahim Ahmed , Mohamud Muktar Hassan , Ali Wardat Rashid , Imtiaz Naqeeb Kara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Electrolyte abnormalities (EAs) worsen the clinical course of patients with heart failure (HF). The patterns of EAs vary among patients with HF. This study investigated patterns and factors associated with EAs among patients with HF admitted to Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH) in western Uganda.

Methods
This hospital-based cross-sectional study used quantitative data of 384 HF patients admitted at HRRH between 21st February and 15th May 2023. Data on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical characteristics were collected and presented as descriptive statistics. EAs were considered electrolyte values below or above the reference normal ranges. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to establish associations. An association with a p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Results
Of 384 HF patients, 342 (89.1%) had EAs. Hypocalcemia was the most common EA, 165 (43.0%). Among the patients, 69 (18.0%) were on diuretics, 185 (48.2%) were on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and 105 (27.3%) were on calcium channel blockers (CCBs). Additionally, 264 (68.8%) had a history of hypertension, and 20 (5.2%) demonstrated good drug adherence. Patients with good drug adherence had lower odds of EAs (Adjusted Prevalence Odds Ratio [Adjusted POR] = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7, p = 0.009). Those on diuretics had higher odds of EAs compared to those on ACEIs/ARBs and CCBs, with an Adjusted POR of 5.7 (95% CI: 1.3–15.0, p = 0.019). A history of hypertension also increased the odds of EAs (Adjusted POR = 4.0, 95% CI: 1.9–8.4, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The prevalence of EAs in patients with HF at HRRH was high, with hypocalcemia being the most common. Patients with good drug adherence had lower odds of EAs. On the other hand, diuretic use and a history of hypertension were associated with increased odds of EAs.