bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat source/sink on MHD flow due to porous rotating disk with variable thickness in the presence of cross diffusion
Authors: Sravanthi C. S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn analysis of steady magnetohydrodynamic axisymmetric flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid due to porous rotating disk with variable thickness in the presence of heat source/sink is presented. Soret and Dufour effects (cross‐diffusion) are also considered. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The homotopy analysis method is used to solve the resulting coupled nonlinear equations under appropriate transformed boundary conditions. A parametric study of the physical parameters is made and results are presented through graphs and tables. The results indicate that the thermal boundary layer is thicker for the flow problems having a heat source when compared with that of the problems without a heat source. It is also found that thickness of the disk is having a high impact on fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration.
Preschoolers' self‐regulation and developmental trajectories of sleep problems in early childhood
Authors: Jusienė Roma , Breidokienė Rima 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPresent study explores developmental trajectories of sleep problems and its associations with self‐regulation. Sleep problems, emotional, and behavioural problems were reported by mothers of 128 children aged 2 and 4 years, and children's self‐regulatory abilities were laboratory tested with “hot” (e.g., delay of gratification) and “cool” (e.g., cognitive control and anticipation) tasks at age 4. Two latent class mixture models for trajectories of sleep problems were built with separately incorporated “hot” and “cool” self‐regulation as the distal variables. In both models, nearly two thirds of children developed a stable low sleep problems trajectory, while 19.5% with distal variable of “hot” self‐regulation and 32% with distal variable of “cool” self‐regulation displayed a decreasing sleep problems trajectory. These children scored highly on emotional and behavioural problems and moderately on inhibitory control. With regard to “hot” self‐regulation as a distal variable, 17% of children had very low self‐regulatory abilities and high scores on emotional and behavioural problems yet remained good sleepers at preschool age. Conversely, with regard to “cool” self‐regulation, 14% of children displayed an increasing sleep problems trajectory. They scored high on emotional and behavioural problems at age 4 and obtained the highest scores on “cool” self‐regulation and medium scores on “hot” self‐regulation. To conclude, hot and cool systems of self‐regulation could provide distinct interactional effects with sleep problems throughout early childhood.Highlights

The study analyzes mother‐reported sleep problems trajectories from toddlerhood to preschool age and preschoolers' laboratory tested self‐regulation.
High cognitive inhibitory control is linked with increasing sleep problems, and low affective inhibitory control is related with medium or decreasing sleep problems in considerable number of children.
Parents and clinicians should help young children with high cognitive control and anticipation cope with anxious thoughts, especially before bedtime.
Upregulation of Systemic Inflammatory Pathways Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Relates to Both Cartilage and Muscular Changes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hunt Emily R. , Villasanta‐Tezanos Alejandro G. , Butterfield Timothy A. , Lattermann Christian , Jacobs Cale A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIn conjunction with cartilage breakdown, muscle maladaptation including atrophy and increased fibrosis have been observed in the quadriceps following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Previously observed upregulated muscle‐related proteins in the synovial fluid following ACL rupture allude to cellular communication between the joint and muscle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether muscle‐related analytes are differentially expressed in the serum. Sixteen patients with an acute ACL tear participated in this IRB‐approved study. Serum was obtained at two different time points at a mean of 6 and 14 days post‐injury, and serum was analyzed by a highly multiplexed assay of 1,300 proteins. Pathway analysis using DAVID was performed; genes included met three criteria: significant change between the two study time points using a paired t test, significant change between the two study time points using a Mann–Whitney non‐parametric test, and significant Benjamini post hoc analysis. Twelve analytes significantly increased between time points. Proteins chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (p = 0.01), insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 (p = 0.01), insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 5 (p = 0.02), renin (p = 0.004), and lymphotoxin alpha 1: beta 2 (p = 0.03) were significantly upregulated in serum following acute ACL injury. The current results confirm the inflammatory pattern previously seen in the synovial fluid thought to play a role in the progression of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis after ACL injury, and this data also provides further insights into important communication between the joint and quadriceps group, whose function is important in long term health. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:387‐392, 2020
Aged Mice Demonstrate Greater Muscle Degeneration of Chronically Injured Rotator Cuff
Authors: Sharma Abhinav K. , Levian Brandon , Shah Paras , Mosich Gina M. , Husman Regina , Ariniello Allison , Gatto Jonathan D. , Hu Vivian J. , McClintick Daniel J. , Jensen Andrew R. , McAllister David R. , Péault Bruno , Dar Ayelet , Petrigliano Frank A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTMassive tears of the rotator cuff (RC) are often associated with progressive and irreversible muscle degeneration due to fibrosis, fatty infiltration, and muscle atrophy. RC tears are common in individuals older than 60 years and the repair of these tears is amongst the most prevalent of orthopedic procedures. However, most current models of this injury are established in young animals, which may not accurately recapitulate the clinical condition. In this study, we used a murine model of massive RC tears to evaluate age‐related muscle degeneration following chronic injury. The expression of the fibro‐adipogenic genes encoding collagen type III and leptin was higher in aged RC compared with matched injured young tissue at 2 weeks post‐injury, and development of fibrosis was accelerated in aged mice within 5 days post‐injury. Furthermore, the synthesis of collagens type I and III and fat tissue accumulation were significantly higher in injured RCs of aged mice. Similar frequency of fibro‐adipogenic PDGFRβ+PDGFRα+ progenitor cells was measured in non‐injured RC of aged and young mice, but PDGFRβ+PDGFRα+ cells contributed to significantly larger fibrotic lesions in aged RCs within 2 weeks post‐injury, implying a more robust fibrotic environment in the aged injured muscle. Altogether, these findings demonstrate age‐dependent differences in RC response to chronic injury with a more profound fibro‐adipogenic change in aged muscles. Clinically, cell therapies for muscular pathologies should not only consider the cell type being transplanted but also the recipient milieu into which these cells are seeded. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:320‐328, 2020
Synthesis, Characterization, Surface, and Thermodynamic Studies of Alkyl Tetrachloroferrates: Performance Evaluation of Their Nanostructures as Biocides
Authors: El‐Shamy Omnia A. A. , Habib Amr O. , Mohamed Dalia E. , Badawi Abdelfattah M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDecyl and dodecylamino tetrachloroferrates were synthesized and characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The surface properties of the cationic surfactants including critical micelle concentration, effectiveness, minimum surface area, and maximum surface excess were determined using surface tension measurements. The effectiveness of surface tension reduction (πcmc) was found to increase as the hydrophobic chain length increases with values of 30 and 34 mN m−1 for C10 and C12, respectively. Moreover, the effect of temperature on micellization was determined over the range of 35–55 °C. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔS°, and ΔH°) were calculated and the results indicate a spontaneous process for both micellization and adsorption. The nanoparticles (NC10 and NC12) of the prepared surfactants were obtained using the ball mill technique. The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were determined using transmission electron microscope measurements. The antibacterial study of the nanoparticle surfactants revealed their strong efficiency against fungi and different pathogenic bacteria compared with the original surfactants.
Interobserver Reliability of the Antenatal Consensus Classification System for Urinary Tract Dilatation
Authors: Nelson Caleb P. , Heller Howard T. , Benson Carol B. , Asch Elizabeth H. , Durfee Sara M. , Logvinenko Tanya , Bromley Bryann 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesThe consensus classification system for urinary tract dilatation (UTD) was designed to be more objective and reproducible than previously used systems. We sought to evaluate interobserver reliability of UTD components and overall scores in a prenatal population undergoing third‐trimester ultrasound examinations.MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients who underwent antenatal ultrasound examinations for UTD between 28 and 40 weeks’ gestation. All images from individual studies of 300 fetuses were reviewed independently by 5 experienced sonologists (1 maternal‐fetal medicine specialist and 4 radiologists). Urinary tract dilatation scores (normal, A1, or A2/3) and Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) scores were assigned. Interobserver agreement between raters was evaluated with the Fleiss κ statistic.ResultsOverall interobserver agreement for the antenatal UTD risk score showed substantial agreement among all 5 readers (κ = 0.657 [95% confidence interval, 0.632, 0.683]; P < .001). All 5 readers applied the same UTD risk score in 53.7% of cases. Some variability in the antenatal UTD score and individual elements was observed. At least 2 UTD risk scores were assigned to a specific individual patient in 46.3% of cases (139 of 300), and all 3 UTD risk scores were assigned to a specific individual patient in 1.7% of cases (5 of 300). In 18.0% of cases (54 of 300), at least 2 readers assigned a UTD score different from that assigned by the other readers. Agreement was lowest for parenchymal appearance (κ = 0.225). Agreement for the SFU system was fair (κ = 0.368; P < .001).ConclusionsInterobserver agreement for the antenatal UTD grading system was substantial. Compared to the SFU system, the antenatal UTD system showed better agreement among readers.
Selective Adhesion and Directional Migration of Endothelial Cells Guided by Cys‐Ala‐Gly Peptide Density Gradient on Antifouling Polymer Brushes
Authors: Du Wang , Gao Changyou 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSelective adhesion and directional migration of endothelial cells (ECs) on biomaterials is critical to realize the rapid endothelialization. In this study, a Cys‐Ala‐Gly (CAG) peptide density gradient is generated on homogeneous cell‐resisting poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) brushes by immersing the brushes in a complementary gradient solution of CAG and competitive mercapto‐terminated methoxyl poly(ethylene glycol). The adhesion and spreading of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is impaired effectively on the gradient surface. About six folds of adherent ECs over SMCs are achieved at the position (10 mm) of highest CAG density on the gradient surface in a co‐culture condition. Due to the gradient cues, ECs migrate fastest with the best directionality of 86.7% at the middle of the gradient, leading to the maximum net displacement as well.
The effect of surface treatment on the corrosion behavior of a pure Ta sheet in an equimolar NaCl–KCl melt at 850°C in air. Part 1: Laser surface melting
Authors: Hu Ke , Hu Shubing , Zeng Siqi , Peng Bo , Zhang Yu , Xiao Ming , Liu Kaige , Wang Xuerong , Liu Wei , Wang Kanghui , Yu Wenkang , Lu Xiaoxin , Yan Wenjie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of pure Ta and laser surface melting–treated Ta sheets was investigated in an equimolar NaCl–KCl melt at 850°C in air. The results show that the predominant factors involved in the consumption of materials were reactions that form sodium‐containing oxides and Ta2O5. High corrosion stress led to slip of the untreated Ta surface grains, further resulting in preferential corrosion along slip bands. The slip of surface grains substantially deteriorated the bonding between the corrosion scale and matrix, thus leading to rapid degradation of the corrosion scale. The melt layer consisted of a thin Ta2O5 film, and the inner dendrite layer demonstrated self‐healing characteristics during corrosion and presented a better hot corrosion resistance than the untreated Ta owing to the excellent bonding at the scale and melt layer interface.
Semi‐analytical solutions of two‐dimensional plane strain consolidation in unsaturated soils subjected to the lateral semipermeable drainage boundary
Authors: Wang Lei , Xu Yongfu , Xia Xiaohe , He Yuelei 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe study presents semi‐analytical solutions of two‐dimensional plane strain consolidation problem in unsaturated soils incorporating the lateral semipermeable drainage boundary by adopting Fourier sine series and Laplace transform. The two‐dimensional plane strain consolidation equations in the form of two‐order partial differential equations with three variables are firstly converted to two‐order partial differential equations with two variables, which are similar to those of one‐dimensional consolidation problem. The four‐order ordinary differential equations about excess pore‐air and excess pore‐water pressures are got by applying Laplace transform and the substitution method. Then, the solutions of excess pore pressures and settlement are achieved in the Laplace transform domain. Afterwards, on the basis of Crump's method, the inverse Laplace transform is conducted to obtain the analytical solutions in time domain. The comparison is conducted to verify the exactness of the obtained solutions, and the two‐dimensional plane strain consolidation property with the lateral semipermeable drainage boundary is illustrated and discussed. Parametric studies are demonstrated for the excess pore pressures and normalized settlement with the change of the boundary parameters, air‐water and lateral‐vertical permeability coefficients, and the distance and depth. It can be found that the lateral semipermeable drainage boundary impedes the consolidation rate obviously, and when different investigated parameters are adopted, the consolidation property is similar to each other under the later permeable and semipermeable drainage boundary conditions.
Improved off‐resonance phase behavior using a phase‐inverted adiabatic half‐passage pulse for 13C MRS in humans at 7 T
Authors: Serés Roig Eulalia , Xin Lijing , Gallichan Daniel , Mlynarik Vladimir , Gruetter Rolf 
Published: September 2019

In vivo 13C MRS at high field benefits from an improved SNR and spectral resolution especially when using surface coils in combination with adiabatic pulses, such as the adiabatic half‐passage (AHP) pulse for 13C excitation. However, the excitation profile of the AHP pulse is asymmetric relative to the carrier frequency, which could lead to asymmetric excitation of the spectral lines relative to the center of the spectrum. In this study, a pulse‐acquire sequence was designed for adiabatic 13C excitation with a symmetric bandwidth, utilizing a combination of two AHP pulses with inverted phases in alternate scans.Magnetization and phase behavior as a function of frequency offset and RF amplitude of the B1 field, as well as the steady‐state transverse magnetization response to off‐resonance, were simulated. Excitation properties of the combined pulse sequence were studied by 23Na imaging and 13C spectroscopy in vitro on a phantom and in vivo on the human calf at 7 T.Simulations demonstrated symmetric transverse magnetization and phase with respect to positive and negative frequency offsets when using two AHP pulses with inverted phases in alternate scans, thereby minimizing baseline distortion and achieving symmetric T1 weighting, as confirmed by in vitro measurements. The intensities of the lipid peaks at 15, 30, 62, 73, and 130 ppm were in agreement with those theoretically predicted using two AHP pulses with inverted phases in alternate scans.We conclude that using two phase‐inverted AHP pulses improves the symmetry of the 13C excitation profile and phase response to off‐resonance effects at 7 T in comparison with using a single AHP pulse.
Statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and the risk of acute kidney injury
Authors: Coste Joël , Karras Alexandre , Rudnichi Annie , Dray‐Spira Rosemary , Pouchot Jacques , Giral Philippe , Zureik Mahmoud 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in subjects initiating statin therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsA nationwide cohort study using French hospital discharge and claims databases was performed, studying subjects from the general population aged 40 to 75 years in 2009, with no history of CVD and no lipid‐lowering drugs during the preceding 3‐year period, followed for up to 7 years. Exposure to statins (type, dose, and time since first use) and to other drugs for CVD risk was assessed. The primary outcome was hospital admission for AKI.ResultsThe cohort included 8 236 279 subjects, 818 432 of whom initiated a statin for primary prevention. During 598 487 785 person‐months exposed to statins, 700 events were observed, corresponding to an incidence of AKI of 4.59 per 10 000 person‐years (7.01 in men, 3.01 in women). AKI mainly occurred in the context of organ failure, sepsis, and genitourinary disease. A 19% increased rate of AKI (hazard ratio = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.08‐1.31) was observed in men exposed to statins, whereas no increase in the overall risk of AKI was observed in women. However, exposure to high‐potency statins was associated with a 72% to 116% increased risk in both genders and a dose‐effect relationship observed for rosuvastatin and atorvastatin. No temporal pattern of occurrence nor interaction with drugs for CVD risk was observed.ConclusionsAlthough the overall risk of AKI appears moderately increased, more attention should be paid to renal function in subjects taking statins for primary prevention both in clinical practice and from a research viewpoint.
Health‐related quality of life by human immunodeficiency virus status in a cross‐sectional survey of gay and bisexual prostate cancer survivors
Authors: Polter Elizabeth J. , Wheldon Christopher W. , Rosser B.R. Simon , Kohli Nidhi , Capistrant Benjamin D. , Kapoor Aditya , Konety Badrinath , Mitteldorf Darryl , Ross Michael , Talley Kristine M.C. , Terveen Loren , West William , Wright Morgan M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveProstate cancer is the most common invasive cancer in gay and bisexual men (GBM). Despite the unique sexual and urinary concerns of this group, studies of prostate cancer rehabilitation have primarily focused on heterosexual men. GBM also have high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which may be associated with lower health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). We examined the association between HIV status and HRQOL in a cohort of GBM with prostate cancer.MethodsData from the Restore study, a cross‐sectional online survey of GBM treated for prostate cancer, were used to examine this association. The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) assessed function, bother, and summary measures in four domains: urinary, sexual, bowel, and hormone. Overall physical and mental HRQOL was assessed using the Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐12). Multivariate analysis of variance and linear regression were used to evaluate the association between HIV status and HRQOL scores after adjustment for demographic and sexual characteristics.ResultsOf 192 participants, 24 (12.4%) reported an HIV diagnosis. After adjustment for covariates, HIV‐positive status was associated with lower scores on the EPIC urinary (mean difference [MD]: −13.0, 95% CI, −21.4 to −4.6), sexual (MD: −12.5, 95% CI, −21.9 to −3.2), and bowel (MD: −5.9, 95% CI, −11.7 to −0.2) domains. No significant associations were observed between HIV status and other outcomes.ConclusionsHIV status may be associated with poorer urinary, sexual, and bowel HRQOL in GBM prostate cancer survivors.
Metal Nanoclusters–Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes from Design to Sensing Applications
Authors: Zhao Yu , Wang Xinyu , Mi Jiqiang , Jiang Yingnan , Wang Chuanxi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRatiometric fluorescent probes have many advantages including improved sensitivity, high reliability and accuracy, visualization sensing, etc. Herein, the development of metal nanoclusters (NCs)‐based ratiometric fluorescent probes in the recent years is summarized. NCs, an emerging new class of fluorescent nanomaterials, have demonstrated excellent optical properties, good biocompatibility, great aqueous solubility, low cost, and simple synthesis, and NCs‐based ratiometric fluorescent probes have attracted much attention. In this progress report, the preparation and properties of NCs and the design of ratiometric fluorescent probes are summarized. Sensing of a broad range of analytes including cations, gas, small molecules, macromolecules, temperature, and pH is discussed. In addition, the challenges and future directions for NCs‐based ratiometric fluorescent probes are also presented.
Structural perspectives on HIV‐1 Vif and APOBEC3 restriction factor interactions
Authors: Azimi Farshad C. , Lee Jeffrey E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retroviral pathogen that targets human immune cells such as CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The human
apolipoprotein
B mRNA‐
editing
catalytic polypeptide
3 (APOBEC3 or A3) cytidine deaminases are a key class of intrinsic restriction factors that inhibit replication of HIV. When HIV‐1 enters the cell, the immune system responds by inducing the activation of the A3 family proteins, which convert cytosines to uracils in single‐stranded DNA replication intermediates, neutralizing the virus. HIV counteracts this intrinsic immune response by encoding a protein termed viral infectivity factor (Vif). Vif targets A3 to an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex for poly‐ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Vif is unique in that it can recognize and counteract multiple A3 restriction factor substrates. Structural biology studies have provided significant insights into the overall architectures and functions of Vif and A3 proteins; however, a structure of the Vif‐A3 complex has remained elusive. In this review, we summarize and reanalyze experimental data from recent structural, biochemical, and functional studies to provide key perspectives on the residues involved in Vif‐A3 protein–protein interactions.