bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute phase proteins and biomarkers of oxidative status in feline spontaneous malignant mammary tumours
Authors: Vilhena Hugo , Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Cerón José J. , Figueira Ana C. , Miranda Sónia , Ribeiro Ana , Canadas Ana , Dias‐Pereira Patrícia , Rubio Camila P. , Franco Lorena , Tecles Fernando , Cabeças Ricardo , Pastor Josep , Silvestre‐Ferreira Ana C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAcute phase proteins (APP) and biomarkers of oxidative status change in human and canine mammary tumours, however, they have not been studied in feline mammary tumours. The aims of this study were to investigate the APP and antioxidant responses in feline malignant mammary tumours, to evaluate their relation with tumour features, and to assess their prognostic value. Serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), albumin, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), insulin‐like growth factor1 (IGF1), paraoxonase1 (PON1), total serum thiols (Thiol), glutathione peroxidase (GPox) and total antioxidant capacity determined by different assays, including trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assessed by two different methodologies (TEAC1/2), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), were determined in serum of 50 queens with spontaneous mammary carcinomas and of 12 healthy female cats. At diagnosis, diseased queens presented significantly higher SAA and Hp, and lower albumin, BChE, GPox, TEAC1, TEAC2 and CUPRAC than controls. Different tumour features influenced concentrations of APP and antioxidants. Increases in serum Hp, and decreases in albumin, Thiol and FRAP were significantly associated with neoplastic vascular emboli, metastasis in regional lymph nodes and/or in distant organs. Distant metastasis development during the course of the disease was associated with increases in SAA and TEAC1. At diagnosis, decreased albumin was associated with a longer survival, and BChE <1.15 μmoL/mL.minute was associated with a shorter survival time on multivariate analysis. Feline malignant mammary tumours are associated with an APP response and oxidative stress, and different tumour features influence the inflammatory response and the oxidative damage. Furthermore, some of these analytes proved to have prognostic value.
Protein restriction in early life increases intracellular calcium and insulin secretion, but does not alter expression of SNARE proteins during pregnancy
Authors: Marin Bianca Karine , de Lima Reis Silvia Regina , de Fátima Silva Ramalho Albina , Lemes Simone Ferreira , Marin Leonardo , Vanzela Emerielle Cristine , Boschero Antonio Carlos , Carneiro Everardo Magalhães , Latorraca Márcia Queiroz , Arantes Vanessa Cristina , de Barros Reis Marise Auxiliadora 
Published: April 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does protein restriction in early life modify glucose‐induced insulin secretion by altering [Ca2+]i and the expression of SNARE proteins in pancreatic islets from pregnant rats?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Protein restriction in early life increased the first phase of glucose‐induced insulin secretion and [Ca2+]i without altering the expression of SNARE proteins during pregnancy. This finding contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of altered insulin secretion and might provide new perspectives for the development of therapeutic tools for gestational diabetes.

AbstractWe investigated the kinetics of glucose‐induced insulin secretion and their relationship with [Ca2+]i and the expression of protein from exocytotic machinery in islets from recovered pregnant and long‐term protein‐deficient pregnant rats. Isolated islets were evaluated from control‐fed pregnant (CP), protein‐deficient pregnant (DP), control‐fed non‐pregnant (CNP) and protein‐deficient non‐pregnant (DNP) female adult rats, and from protein‐deficient pregnant (RP) and non‐pregnant (RNP) rats that were recovered after weaning. The insulin responses to glucose during the first phase of secretion were higher in RP than in CP groups, and both were higher than in the DP group. Islets from RP rats displayed a rapid increase in insulin release (first phase), followed by a plateau that was maintained thereafter. The [Ca2+]i in islets from the protein‐deficient groups was lower than in the control groups, and both were lower than in the RP and RNP groups. SNAP‐25 was increased in islets from pregnant rats independently of their nutritional status, and the syntaxin‐1A content was reduced in islets from the RP rats compared with the RNP rats. The VAMP2 content was similar among the groups. Thus, protein restriction during intrauterine life and lactation increased insulin secretion during pregnancy, attributable, in part, to increased [Ca2+]i, and independent of an alteration of expression of SNARE proteins.
The Dream of a Mycobacterium
Authors: Baranowski Catherine , Rego E. Hesper , Rubin Eric J. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

How do mycobacteria divide? Cell division has been studied extensively in the model rod-shaped bacteria
Escherichia coli
and
Bacillus subtilis
, but much less is understood about cell division in mycobacteria, a genus that includes the major human pathogens
M. tuberculosis
and
M. leprae
. In general, bacterial cell division requires the concerted effort of many proteins in both space and time to elongate the cell, replicate and segregate the chromosome, and construct and destruct the septum - processes which result in the creation of two new daughter cells. Here, we describe these distinct stages of cell division in
B. subtilis
and follow with the current knowledge in mycobacteria. As will become apparent, there are many differences between mycobacteria and
B. subtilis
in terms of both the broad outline of cell division and the molecular details. So, while the fundamental challenge of spatially and temporally organizing cell division is shared between these rod-shaped bacteria, they have solved these challenges in often vastly different ways.
Are preschool children active enough in Shanghai: an accelerometer-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Quan Minghui , Zhang Hanbin , Zhang Jiayi , Zhou Tang , Zhang Jinming , Zhao Guanggao , Fang Hui , Sun Shunli , Wang Ru , Chen Peijie 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveEngaging in physical activity (PA) plays an important role in promoting physical and mental health, but the PA data for Chinese preschool children are lacking. This study aims to objectively assess the PA levels of preschool children in Shanghai, China and to evaluate their PA levels relative to age-specific recommendations.Design, setting and participantsA cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool children in Shanghai, city of China. There were a total of 303 preschool children (boys, 174; girls, 129) recruited from eight kindergarten classes in the Yangpu and Baoshan Districts of Shanghai.Main outcome measuresDaily PA was assessed using ActiGraph GT3X+accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Children were required to have data from at least 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day, with a minimum daily wear time of 480 min to be included in the analysis.ResultsPreschool children in Shanghai accumulated, on average, 70.9 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and 168.0 min of total PA (TPA) per day (d). Boys engaged in more MVPA and TPA than girls (72.8 min/day vs 68.3 min/day and 171.9 min/day vs 162.9 min/day, respectively). Overall, 72.9% of the participants met the age-specific recommendations of MVPA, while 35.3% met TPA recommendations.ConclusionsFindings of this study warn of the insufficiency of PA in Shanghai preschool children, suggesting there is substantial room to improve their PA.Trial registration numberChiCTR-OOC-15007439; Results.
Effect of deinstitutionalisation on quality of life for adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: McCarron Mary , Lombard-Vance Richard , Murphy Esther , May Peter , Webb Naoise , Sheaf Greg , McCallion Philip , Stancliffe Roger , Normand Charles , Smith Valerie , O’Donovan Mary-Ann 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo review systematically the evidence on how deinstitutionalisation affects quality of life (QoL) for adults with intellectual disabilities.DesignSystematic review.PopulationAdults (aged 18 years and over) with intellectual disabilities.InterventionsA move from residential to community setting.Primary and secondary outcome measuresStudies were eligible if evaluating effect on QoL or life quality, as defined by study authors.SearchWe searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EconLit, Embase and Scopus to September 2017 and supplemented this with grey literature searches. We assessed study quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme suite of tools, excluding those judged to be of poor methodological quality.ResultsThirteen studies were included; eight quantitative studies, two qualitative, two mixed methods studies and one case study. There was substantial agreement across quantitative and qualitative studies that a move to community living was associated with improved QoL. QoL for people with any level of intellectual disabilities who move from any type of institutional setting to any type of community setting was increased at up to 1 year postmove (standardised mean difference [SMD] 2.03; 95% CI [1.21 to 2.85], five studies, 246 participants) and beyond 1 year postmove (SMD 2.34. 95% CI [0.49 to 4.20], three studies, 160 participants), with total QoL change scores higher at 24 months comparative to 12 months, regardless of QoL measure used.ConclusionOur systematic review demonstrated a consistent pattern that moving to the community was associated with improved QoL compared with the institution. It is recommended that gaps in the evidence base, for example, with regard to growing populations of older people with intellectual disability and complex needs are addressed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018077406.
Limited external reproducibility restricts the use of medical record review for benchmarking
Authors: Klein Dorthe O , Rennenberg Roger , Gans Rijk , Enting Roelien , Koopmans Richard , Prins Martin H 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundMedical record review (MRR) is used to assess the quality and safety in hospitals. It is increasingly used to compare institutions. Therefore, the external reproducibility should be high. In the current study, we evaluated this external reproducibility for the assessment of an adverse event (AE) in a sample of records from two university medical centres in the Netherlands, using the same review method.MethodsFrom both hospitals, 40 medical records were randomly chosen from patient files of deceased patients that had been evaluated in the preceding years by the internal review committees. After reviewing by the external committees, we assessed the overall and kappa agreement by comparing the results of both review rounds (once by the own internal committee and once by the external committee). This was calculated for the presence of an AE, preventability and contribution to death.ResultsKappa for the presence of AEs was moderate (k=0.47). For preventability, the agreement was fair (k=0.39) and poor for contribution to death (k=−0.109).ConclusionWe still believe that MRR is suitable for the detection of general issues concerning patient safety. However, based on the outcomes of this study, we would advise to be careful when using MRR for benchmarking.
Carbon dioxide rebreathing induced by crib bumpers and mesh liners using an infant manikin
Authors: Maltese Matthew R , Leshner Michael 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesQuantify impaired respiration in currently marketed crib bumpers (CBs), mesh liners (MLs) and alternative products (ALTs) used to attenuate the interaction between the baby and the crib sides and elucidate the relationship between impaired respiration and permeability.MethodsWe experimentally quantified carbon dioxide rebreathing (CO2RB) via an infant manikin and air permeability via previously published test protocols, in commercially available CBs, MLs and ALTs.ResultsDifferences in CO2RB in ML (median [m]=8.2%, 25th percentile [P25]=6.8, 75th percentile [P75]=8.6), ALT (m=10.5%, P25=9.8, P75=10.7) and CB (m=11.6%, P25=10.2, P75=14.3) were significant (p<0.0001). For comparison, manikin tests with a pacifier yielded CO2RB of 5.6%–5.9%, blanket draped over the face/torso yielded CO2RB of 7.7%–8.6% and stuffed animal in various positions yielded CO2RB from 6.1% to 16.1%. Differences in permeability between ML (m=529.5 cubic feet per minute [CFM], P25=460, P75=747.5), ALT (m=29.0 CFM, P25=27.7, P75=37.7) and CB (m=46.6 CFM, P25=30.1, P75=58.7) groups were significant (p<0.0001). CO2RB was poorly correlated with air permeability (max R2=0.36). In a subset of tests, CB CO2RB increased by 50%–80% with increasing penetration force, whereas the ML CO2RB was nominally unchanged.ConclusionsGovernment agencies and standards organisations are presently considering regulation of bedding including CBs. As paediatricians are consulted in the development of such regulations, our findings that permeability by itself was a poor predictor of CO2RB should be considered.
Delayed presentation of uterine and bowel perforation following insertion of an intrauterine device
Authors: Reynolds-Wright John Joseph , Heller Rebecca L 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionInsertion of intrauterine methods of contraception (IUC) carries an inherent but small risk of perforation of the uterus, usually quoted at 2 in 1000. If perforation occurs, it is usually discovered either when a patient presents with ‘missing threads’ or with an unplanned pregnancy. Rarely, if the IUC has perforated bowel, patients can present acutely unwell although this sometimes occurs years after insertion. Asymptomatic perforation of the bowel (with IUC insertion or otherwise) is not common.Case historyIn January 2018, a 41-year-old woman attended our community sexual and reproductive health service requesting removal of her intrauterine system (IUS). The clinic nurse performed this and during the consultation the patient revealed that several days earlier she had passed a previous ‘lost’ intrauterine device (IUD) when she opened her bowels. She came to believe this was an IUD inserted in 2006 that had been ‘lost’ and resulted in a pregnancy with her third child. We counselled her about her options and she had the IUS removed as she was worried this could happen again and opted to use condoms.ConclusionThis case reports an unusual presentation of a delayed and importantly ‘silent’ perforation of the uterus and bowel on insertion of IUC. The case highlights the importance of cross-specialty communication when an IUD has perforated or expelled resulting in a continuing pregnancy, so that appropriate imaging can be arranged following delivery of the baby.
Improvement in geriatric trauma outcomes in an evolving trauma system
Authors: Ringen Amund Hovengen , Gaski Iver Anders , Rustad Hege , Skaga Nils Oddvar , Gaarder Christine , Naess Paal Aksel 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThe elderly trauma patient has increased mortality compared with younger patients. During the last 15 years, initial treatment of severely injured patients at Oslo University Hospital Ulleval (OUHU) has changed resulting in overall improved outcomes. Whether this holds true for the elderly trauma population needs exploration and was the aim of the present study.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 2628 trauma patients 61 years or older admitted to OUHU during the 12-year period, 2002–2013. The population was stratified based on age (61–70 years, 71–80 years, 81 years and older) and divided into time periods: 2002–2009 (P1) and 2010–2013 (P2). Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to identify clinically relevant core variables correlated with mortality and trauma team activation rate.ResultsCrude mortality decreased from 19% in P1 to 13% in P2 (p<0.01) with an OR of 0.77 (95 %CI 0.65 to 0.91) when admitted in P2. Trauma team activation rates increased from 53% in P1 to 72% in P2 (p<0.01) with an OR of 2.16 (95% CI 1.93 to 2.41) for being met by a trauma team in P2. Mortality increased from 10% in the age group 61–70 years to 26% in the group above 80 years. Trauma team activation rates decreased from 71% in the age group 61–70 years to 50% in the age group older than 80 years. Median ISS were 17 in all three age groups and in both time periods.DiscussionDevelopment of a multidisciplinary dedicated trauma service is associated with increased trauma team activation rate as well as survival in geriatric trauma patients. As expected, mortality increased with age, although inversely related to the likelihood of being met by a trauma team. Trauma team activation should be considered for all trauma patients older than 70 years.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Development of propolis nanoparticles for the treatment of bovine mastitis: in vitro studies on antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Pinheiro Machado Gabriela Tasso , Veleirinho Maria Beatriz , Mazzarino Letícia , Machado Filho Luiz Carlos Pinheiro , Maraschin Marcelo , Cerri Ronaldo Luis Aoki , Kuhnen Shirley 
Published: April 2019

This study describes the development of propolis nanoparticles (PNP) to treat bovine mastitis. Three PNP prepared with varying concentrations of propolis (5% and 7%, w/v) and the surfactants [poloxamer (1%, 3%, and 4%, w/v) and soy lecithin (0.25%, 0.7%, and 1%, w/v)]. PNP were characterized according to their size, polydispersity, zeta potential, pH, morphology, and physical stability. PNP were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. PNP obtained were spherical with a monodisperse distribution (polydispersity index < 0.2) and an average particle size between 181 and 201 nm. Stability studies showed that PNP were stable over 150 d. The encapsulation efficiency of total phenolic content varied between 73% and 91%. The chromatographic profile of phenolic compounds from PNP showed selective encapsulation efficiency according to the polarity of compounds. All PNP showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 156 to 310 μg mL−1. The IC50(the concentration responsible for reduction of cellular viability by half) for epithelial cells of bovine mammary gland (MAC-T, mammary alveolar cell-T) varied from 122.2 to 268.4 μg mL−1. Results showed that PNP represent a promising nanocarrier for high concentrations of propolis extract in a stable aqueous medium, while, at the same time, presenting antimicrobial activity accompanied by moderate cytotoxicity to the MAC-T cells.
СИМПТОМАТИЧНА ЕПІЛЕПСІЯ: ПРИЧИНИ ВИНИКНЕННЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВНІ МЕТОДИ ЛІКУВАННЯ
Authors: Yatsenko K. V. 
Published: April 2019

Епілепсія – один із найпоширеніших психоневрологічних розладів функціонування ЦНС, що характеризується повторюваними спонтанними епілептичними нападами. Міжнародна протиепілептична ліга визначає епілепсію як хронічний стан мозку, який характеризується стійкою схильністю викликати епілептичні напади і нейро­біологічними, когнітивними, психологічними та соціальними наслідками, а також визначення епілепсії вимагає виникнення хоча б одного епілептичного нападу. Поліетіологічність та незвичайна різноманітність клінічних проявів епілепсії визначають труднощі в створенні її класифікації. Незважаючи на значні наукові досягнення в неврології, епілепсія залишається значною медико-соціальною проблемою та досі немає відповідей на ключові питання про механізми епілептичних нападів. Триває пошук оптимального лікування, яке б покращувало загальний стан хворого на епілепсію, а також допомогло мінімізувати інші, часто шкідливі, наслідки для соціальної адаптації такої людини.
Мета – проаналізувати сучасні погляди на проблему симптоматичної епілепсії та перспективні стратегії її лікування.
Висновок. Результати сучасних досліджень симптоматичної епілепсії розкривають низку напрямків і можливостей для корекції та лікування цієї патології. Одним з перспективних та ефективних методів зниження частоти судомних нападів і покращення електроенцефалографічної картини у хворих на симптоматичну епілепсію може бути така терапевтична технологія, як транскраніальна мікрополяризація. Додавання методу мікрополяризації у комплексне лікування хворих на епілепсію сприяє покращенню електроенцефалографічної картини і, відповідно, позитивно впливає на клінічний перебіг захворювання. Подальші дослідження необхідні для визначення безпечних та ефективних терапевтичних засобів, які застосовуються для лікування симптоматичної епілепсії.
КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: симптоматична епілепсія; транскраніальна мікрополяризація.
МЕХАНІЗМИ АДАПТАЦІЇ ДО ІММОБІЛІЗАЦІЙНОГО СТРЕСУ В НИЗЬКОСТІЙКИХ ДО ГІПОКСІЇ ЩУРІВ РІЗНОЇ СТАТІ
Authors: Denefil O. V. , Ordynskyi Yu. M. , Riabokon M. O. , Ryabokon S. S. 
Published: April 2019

Гіпоксія є одним із провідних факторів розвитку багатьох хвороб. Гіподинамія також призводить до розвитку захворювань серцево-судинної системи. Визначення механізмів, які забезпечують пристосування до малорухомого способу життя в осіб із різною реактивністю, може сприяти розробці індивідуальних методів профілактики і корекції виявлених порушень.
Мета – визначити показники антиоксидантної системи та стан автономної нервової системи у щурів різної статі з низькою стійкістю до гіпоксії при іммобілізаційному стресі.
Матеріал і методи. Стрес моделювали 4 рази годинною іммобілізацією щурів спинкою донизу з інтервалом 24 години. У серці визначали активність супероксиддисмутази (СОД), каталази, концентрацію відновленого глутатіону, активність глутатіонпероксидази (ГП), глутатіонредуктази (ГР), у крові – пероксидазну активність. Тваринам проводили кардіоінтервалографію.
Результати. В інтактних щурів-самців порівняно із самицями спостерігається більша активність антиоксидантів. При стресі відмічено зростання СОД і каталази, зменшення пероксидазної активності крові у тварин неза­лежно від статі. Виявлені зміни активності ферментів були достовірно більшими у самиць. При стресі відмічено зростання відновленого глутатіону, зменшення ГП і ГР, у самиць – зниження відновленого глутатіону, збільшення ГП і ГР. При проведенні кардіоінтервалографії виявлено, що в інтактних самців більші адренергічні впливи на серце. При стресі зменшуються симпатичні впливи у всіх щурів, у самців зменшуються регуляторні впливи на серце, а в самиць збільшується виділення адреналіну гуморальними каналами.
Висновки. В інтактних низькостійких до гіпоксії щурів-самців порівняно із самицями більша активність антиоксидантів, що може бути зумовлено вищим рівнем обмінних процесів у серці. Інтервальна іммобілізація низькостійких до гіпоксії щурів призводить до активації антиоксидантів, що більше виражено у самиць. В інтактних самців переважають адренергічні впливи на серце. Інтервальна іммобілізація низькостійких до гіпоксії щурів призводить до зниження тонусу симпатичного відділу автономної нервової системи, що має кисеньзберігаючий ефект, спричинює зниження регуляторних механізмів на серце тільки у самців.