bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A highly selective colorimetric and long‐wavelength fluorescent probe for the detection of Hg2+
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Zuokai , Liu Caiyun , Xu Zhenghe , Wang Ning , Cong Xin , Zhu Baocun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCurrently, the fluorescent probe is an important method for detecting heavy metal ions, especially mercury ion (Hg2+), which is harmful to the health of humans and the environment due to its toxicity and extensive use. In this paper, we designed and synthesized a colorimetric and long‐wavelength fluorescent probe Hg‐P with high sensitivity and excellent selectivity, which could detect Hg2+ by the changes of visual color, fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. With the addition of Hg2+ to probe Hg‐P solution, its color changed from yellow to pink, and showed a 171 nm red‐shifted absorption spectrum. Probe Hg‐P was used in real water and soil solution samples to detect Hg2+, and the result is satisfactory. Therefore, this new probe shows great value and application in detecting Hg2+ in the environment.
Breast screening participation and retention among immigrants and nonimmigrants in British Columbia: A population‐based study
Authors: Woods Ryan R. , McGrail Kimberlyn M. , Kliewer Erich V. , Kazanjian Arminee , Mar Colin , Kan Lisa , Sam Janette , Spinelli John J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBreast cancer screening programs operate across Canada providing mammography to women in target age groups with the goal of reducing breast cancer mortality through early detection of tumors. Disparities in breast screening participation among socio‐demographic groups, including immigrants, have been reported in Canada. Our objectives were to: (1) assess breast screening participation and retention among immigrant and nonimmigrant women in British Columbia (BC), Canada; and (2) to characterize factors associated with screening among screening‐age recent immigrant women in BC. We examined 2 population‐based cohorts of women eligible for breast screening participation (537 783 women) and retention (281 052 women) using linked health and immigration data. Breast screening rates were presented according to socio‐demographic and health‐related variables stratified by birth country. Factors associated with screening among recent immigrant women were explored using Poisson regression. We observed marked variation in screening participation across birth country cohorts. Eastern European/Central Asian women showed low participation (37.9%) with rates from individual countries ranging from 35.0% to 49.0%. Participation rates for immigrant women from the most common birth countries, such as China/Macau/Hong Kong/Taiwan (45.7%), India (44.5%), the Philippines (45.9%), and South Korea (39.0%), were lower than the nonimmigrant rates (51.2%). Retention rates showed less variation by birth country; however, some disparities between immigrant and nonimmigrant groups persisted. Associations between screening indicators and study factors varied considerably across immigrant groups. Primary care physician visits were consistently positively associated with screening participation; this variable was also the only predictor associated with screening within each of the groups of recent immigrants. Our study provides unique data on both screening participation and retention among Canadian immigrant women compiled by individual country of birth. Our results are further demonstration that screening disparities exist among immigrant populations as well as in comparison with nonimmigrant women.
Targeting inhibitors of apoptosis proteins suppresses medulloblastoma cell proliferation via G2/M phase arrest and attenuated neddylation of p21
Authors: Chen Shu‐Mei , Lin Tzu‐Kang , Tseng Yuan‐Yun , Tu Chiao‐Hui , Lui Tai‐Ngar , Huang Shiang‐Fu , Hsieh Ling‐Ling , Li Ying‐Ying 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) is the most common type of malignant childhood brain tumor. We previously showed that inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP) small‐molecule inhibitors (LCL161 or LBW242) combined with chemotherapy have synergistic antiproliferative effects on MB cells. The synergistic antitumor effects of combination treatments happen through induction of autophagy and caspase‐3/7‐activated apoptosis. Here, we investigated the effects of IAP inhibitors or silencing IAP on cell cycle regulation. We discovered that treatment with IAP inhibitors or their combination with conventional chemotherapy (vincristine or cisplatin), as well as RNAi knockdown of cIAP1/2 or XIAP arrested MB cells in the G2/M phase through downregulation of cyclin B1‐CDK1 and cyclin A‐CDK1/2. Among these three IAPs, only silencing cIAP1 expression enhanced p21 dependent‐G2/M phase accumulation. IAP inhibitors reduced cIAP1 expression and increased p21 expression in time course experiments. Furthermore, cIAP1 can govern p21 proteasomal degradation via neddylation in lieu of ubiquitination. Inhibition of IAPs significantly abrogated cIAP1‐mediated p21 degradation. We also observed an inverse correlation between nuclear cIAP1 and nuclear p21 expressions in MB tumor tissues. These findings provide new mechanistic evidence of the influence of IAP inhibitors on MB cell proliferation through disruption of the cell cycle.
Frequency and clinicopathological features of metastasis to liver, lung, bone, and brain from gastric cancer: A SEER‐based study
Authors: Qiu Miao‐Zhen , Shi Si‐Mei , Chen Zhan‐Hong , Yu Hong‐En , Sheng Hui , Jin Ying , Wang De‐Shen , Wang Feng‐Hua , Li Yu‐Hong , Xie Dan , Zhou Zhi‐Wei , Yang Da‐Jun , Xu Rui‐Hua 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe hematogenous metastatic pattern of gastric cancer (GC) was not fully explored. Here we analyzed the frequency and clinicopathological features of metastasis to liver, lung, bone, and brain from GC patients. Data queried for this analysis included GC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database from 2010 to 2014. All of statistical analyses were performed using the Intercooled Stata 13.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX). All statistical tests were two‐sided. Totally, there were 19 022 eligible patients for analysis. At the time of diagnosis, there were 7792 patients at stage IV, including 3218 (41.30%) patients with liver metastasis, 1126 (14.45%) with lung metastasis, 966 (12.40%) with bone metastasis and 151 (1.94%) with brain metastasis. GC patients with lung or liver metastasis have a higher risk of bone and brain metastasis than those without lung nor liver metastasis. Intestinal subtype had significantly higher rate of liver and lung metastasis, while diffuse type was more likely to have bone metastasis. Proximal stomach had significantly higher risk to develop metastasis than distal stomach. African‐Americans had the highest risk of liver metastasis and Caucasian had the highest prone to develop lung and brain metastasis. The median survival for patients with liver, lung, bone, and brain metastasis was 4 months, 3 months, 4 months and 3 months, respectively. It is important to evaluate the status of bone and brain metastasis in GC patients with lung or liver metastasis. Knowledge of metastatic patterns is helpful for clinicians to design personalized pretreatment imaging evaluation for GC patients.
The TERT promoter mutation status and MGMT promoter methylation status, combined with dichotomized MRI‐derived and clinical features, predict adult primary glioblastoma survival
Authors: Shu Chang , Wang Qiong , Yan Xiaoling , Wang Jinhuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to integrate the TERT promoter mutation status, MGMT promoter methylation status, MRI‐derived features, and clinical features into a survival analysis model to better understand adult primary glioblastoma prognosis‐related markers.MethodA total of 304 adult glioblastoma samples collected after surgical resection were selected for retrospective analysis, and Sanger sequencing was performed to detect IDH and TERT promoter mutations. The methylation of the MGMT promoter was analyzed by pyrosequencing, and MRI‐derived and clinical features were dichotomized into easily acquired variables. Random survival forest analysis, Kaplan‐Meier analysis, Cox proportional hazard regression, and LASSO regression were performed for the survival analysis, and ROC analysis and Pearson's chi‐squared test were employed for the correlation analysis.ResultsWild‐type IDH was present in 89.8% of the adult glioblastoma samples, and TERT promoter mutations and MGMT promoter methylation were observed in 66.42% and 38.49% of all adult primary glioblastomas, respectively. Age and MGMT promoter methylation were identified as independent prognostic biomarkers, and the TERT promoter mutation status and MGMT promoter methylation status, when combined with other tumor‐related factors, generated several different survival subgroups. None of the factors investigated in this study predicted the MGMT promoter status, and MRI‐detected necrosis was positively associated with TERT promoter mutations.ConclusionMGMT promoter methylation and TERT promoter mutations, combined with MRI‐derived and clinical features, revealed different survival subgroups with distinct responses to current treatments, and this information increases the ability to predict the survival of adult primary glioblastoma patients. MRI‐detected necrosis often indicates the presence of TERT promoter mutations.
Incidence proportions and prognosis of breast cancer patients with bone metastases at initial diagnosis
Authors: Gong Yue , Zhang Jing , Ji Peng , Ling Hong , Hu Xin , Shao Zhi‐Ming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionPopulation‐based data on the incidence and prognosis of bone metastases at diagnosis of breast cancer are currently limited. Hence, we conducted this study to analyze the incidence proportions and prognostic factors of patients with breast cancer and bone metastases at the time of cancer diagnosis.Materials and methodsPatients with primary invasive breast cancer and bone metastases at initial diagnosis between 2010 and 2014 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) cohort. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of the presence of bone metastases at diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the effects of each variable on survival.ResultsOf 229, 195 patients from SEER database included in the analysis, 8295 patients had bone metastases at initial diagnosis, reflecting 3.6% of the entire study population, and 65.1% of the subset with metastatic disease to any distant site. Patients with hormone receptor (HR)‐positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative represented the highest incidence proportions among patients with metastatic disease (73.9%). Among entire cohort, multivariable logistic regression identified eight factors as predictors of the presence of bone metastases at diagnosis. Median OS for the patients with bone metastases in SEER and FUSCC cohorts was 30.0 and 68.2 months, respectively. Patients with HR‐positive HER2‐positive subtype had the longest median OS, and patients with triple‐negative subtype showed the shortest median OS. Multivariable Cox model in SEER cohort confirmed age, histology, grade, tumor subtype, extraosseous metastatic sites, history of primary surgery, insurance status, marital status, and income as independent prognostic factors for both OS and BCSS.ConclusionsThe findings of this study provide population‐based estimates of the incidence and prognosis for patients with bone metastases at initial diagnosis of breast cancer.
Antibody–Bactericidal Macrocyclic Peptide Conjugates To Target Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Touti Fayçal , Lautrette Guillaume , Johnson Kenneth D. , Delaney James C. , Wollacott Andrew , Tissire Hamid , Viswanathan Karthik , Shriver Zachary , Mong Surin K. , Mijalis Alexander J. , Plante Obadiah J. , Pentelute Bradley L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo combat antimicrobial infections, new active molecules are needed. Antimicrobial peptides, ever abundant in nature, are a fertile starting point to develop new antimicrobial agents but suffer from low stability, low specificity, and off‐target toxicity. These drawbacks have limited their development. To overcome some of these limitations, we developed antibody–bactericidal macrocyclic peptide conjugates (ABCs), in which the antibody directs the bioactive macrocyclic peptide to the targeted Gram‐negative bacteria. We used cysteine SNAr chemistry to synthesize and systematically study a library of large (>30‐mer) macrocyclic antimicrobial peptides (mAMPs) to discover variants with extended proteolytic stability in human serum and low hemolytic activity while maintaining bioactivity. We then conjugated, by using sortase A, these bioactive variants onto an Escherichia coli targeted monoclonal antibody. We found that these ABCs had minimized hemolytic activity and were able to kill E. coli at nanomolar concentrations. Our findings suggest macrocyclic peptides if fused to antibodies may facilitate the discovery of new agents to treat bacterial infections.
Peritonitis from injury of an aberrant subvesical bile duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A rare case report
Authors: Song Sanghyun , Jo Sungho 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageAberrant subvesical bile ducts are rare anatomical structures. Damage to these ducts leads to bile leakage and can result in life‐threatening complications. Surgeons should be cautious that such a structure may be present, and surgery should be performed with the correct surgical field to prevent damage to these structures.
Cardiac biopsy with intracardiac echocardiographic guidance for successful diagnosis of cardiac lymphoma
Authors: Katagiri Seiichiro , Akahane Daigo , Suguro Tamiko , Furuya Nahoko , Fujimoto Hiroaki , Saito Tetsushi , Yamashita Jun , Nakamura Naoya , Ohyashiki Kazuma 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe diagnosis and appropriate treatment of cardiac lymphoma are often delayed by the difficulty in obtaining heart tissue biopsies. Intracardiac echocardiography‐guided biopsy can improve the prognosis of cardiac lymphoma by decreasing postbiopsy complications and increasing biopsy quality, allowing collection of sufficient material for multilateral analysis.
Alternating hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in Graves’ disease
Authors: Wong Mimi , Inder Warrick J. 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageSpontaneously oscillating thyroid function in Graves’ disease is a rare phenomenon. Switching between TSH receptor stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and TSH receptor blocking antibodies (TBAb) most likely accounts for presentations of alternating hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. To achieve stability of thyroid function, definitive therapy is recommended to remove the pathological thyroid.
The Rhodium Catalysed Direct Conversion of Phenols to Primary Cyclohexylamines
Authors: Tomkins Patrick , Valgaeren Carlot , Adriaensen Koen , Cuypers Thomas , Vos Dirk E. De 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCyclohexylamines are important intermediates in chemical industry, which are currently produced from petrochemical sources. Phenols, however, are an attractive sustainable feedstock. We here demonstrate the transformation of phenols with ammonia to primary cyclohexylamines. In contrast to previously reported chemistry which used palladium catalysts, we here show that rhodium is an excellent catalyst for the formation of primary cyclohexylamines. Different parameters were studied and it was shown that the reaction is applicable to a scope of phenolic compounds providing high selectivity.
Simplified Model for Estimating the Operation of a Fluidized Bed with Self‐Nucleation During Liquid Injection
Authors: Mörl Lothar , Idakiev Vesselin V. , Schönherr Michael , Jacob Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFür die Herstellung von Partikeln in Wirbelschichten mit einem möglichst monodispersen Kornbandspektrum werden in der Regel Sieb‐Mahl‐Kreisläufe eingesetzt. Die bei diesem Prozess auftretenden Agglomerationserscheinungen, der Zerfall, der Abrieb, der Overspray und die Staubeinbindung, werden dabei meistens nicht einzeln betrachtet. Das Ziel dieser Forschungsarbeit besteht darin, für einen speziellen Wirbelschichtgranulationsprozess mit Eigenkeimbildung, die Abhängigkeit spezifischer Prozessparameter zu ermitteln, um ihn besser regelbar zu gestalten. Für die genauere Beschreibung dieses Prozesses wird ein vereinfachtes mathematisches Modell in dieser Arbeit dargestellt.
Recent Progress on Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Nasr Maryline , Eid Cynthia , Habchi Roland , Miele Philippe , Bechelany Mikhael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEnvironmental and energy problems have drawn much attention owing to rapid population growth and accelerated economic development. For instance, photocatalysis, “a green technology”, plays an important role in solar‐energy conversion owing to its potential to solve energy and environmental problems. Recently, many efforts have been devoted to improving visible‐light photocatalytic activity by using titanium dioxide as a photocatalyst as a result of its wide range of applications in the energy and environment fields. However, fast charge recombination and an absorption edge in the UV range limit the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 under visible‐light irradiation. Many investigations have been undertaken to overcome the limitations of TiO2 and, therefore, to enhance its photocatalytic activity under visible light. The present literature review focuses on different strategies used to promote the separation efficiency of electron–hole pairs and to shift the absorption edge of TiO2 to the visible region. Current synthesis techniques used to elaborate several nanostructures of TiO2‐based materials, recent progress in enhancing visible photocatalytic activity, and different photocatalysis applications will be discussed. On the basis of the studies reported in the literature, we believe that this review will help in the development of new strategies to improve the visible‐light photocatalytic performance of TiO2‐based materials further.
Taste sensitivity in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review
Authors: Kinnaird Emma , Stewart Catherine , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThere is evidence for altered processing of taste in anorexia nervosa, particularly in the areas of reward processing and hedonic sensitivity. However, research on whether people with anorexia nervosa identify taste stimuli accurately, known as taste sensitivity, has yielded mixed findings. The objective of this study was to synthesize the literature on taste sensitivity in this disorder to provide a basis for future discussion on whether altered taste sensitivity may be also implicated in wider atypical taste processing in anorexia.MethodElectronic databases were searched systematically to identify published research examining taste sensitivity in anorexia. Search terms were “anorexia nervosa”, or “eating disorder”, combined with “taste”. 18 studies met inclusion criteria.ResultsThe review of the findings suggest that individuals with AN may experience reduced taste sensitivity that may improve following recovery. However, there was a significant variability in results across studies, potentially reflecting methodological problems including low sample sizes, experimental designs, and uncontrolled confounding variables. Discussion: This review suggests that altered taste sensitivity could represent a component in the wider altered taste processing observed in anorexia nervosa. However, the heterogeneity of findings highlight the need for future research to consider methodological issues raised by this review.
Are dominant plant species more susceptible to leaf‐mining insects? A case study at Saihanwula Nature Reserve, China
Authors: Dai Xiaohua , Long Chengpeng , Xu Jiasheng , Guo Qingyun , Zhang Wei , Zhang Zhihong , Bater  
Published: July 2018

AbstractDominant species significantly affect interspecific relationships, community structure, and ecosystem function. In the field, dominant species are often identified by their high importance values. Selective foraging on dominant species is a common phenomenon in ecology. Our hypothesis is that dominant plant groups with high importance values are more susceptible to leaf‐mining insects at the regional level. Here, we used the Saihanwula National Nature Reserve as a case study to examine the presence–absence patterns of leaf‐mining insects on different plants in a forest‐grassland ecotone in Northeast China. We identified the following patterns: (1) After phylogenetic correction, plants with high importance values are more likely to host leafminers at the species, genus, or family level. (2) Other factors including phylogenetic isolation, life form, water ecotype, and phytogeographical type of plants have different influences on the relationship between plant dominance and leafminer presence. In summary, the importance value is a valid predictor of the presence of consumers, even when we consider the effects of plant phylogeny and other plant attributes. Dominant plant groups are large and susceptible targets of leaf‐mining insects. The consistent leaf‐mining distribution pattern across different countries, vegetation types, and plant taxa can be explained by the “species‐area relationship” or the “plant apparency hypothesis.”
Hospital admissions for severe infections in people with chronic kidney disease in relation to renal disease severity and diabetes status
Authors: Berni Ellen , Pritchard Nicholas , Jenkins‐Jones Sara , Ambery Philip , Jain Meena , Jermutus Lutz , Scott Laura A. , Currie Craig J. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundImmunosuppressive agents are being investigated for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) but may increase risk of infection. This was a retrospective observational study intended to evaluate the risk of hospitalized infection in patients with CKD, by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria status, aiming to identify the most appropriate disease stage for immunosuppressive intervention.MethodsRoutine UK primary‐care and linked secondary‐care data were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Patients with a record of CKD were identified and grouped into type 2, type 1 and nondiabetes cohorts. Time‐dependent, Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the likelihood of hospitalized infection.ResultsWe identified 97 839 patients with a record of CKD, of these 11 719 (12%) had type 2 diabetes. In these latter patients, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.80‐1.25), 1.00, 1.03 (95% CI: 0.92‐1.15), 1.36 (95% CI: 0.20‐1.54), 1.82 (95% CI: 1.54‐2.15) and 2.41 (95% CI: 1.60‐3.63) at eGFR stages G1, G2 (reference), G3a, G3b, G4 and G5, respectively; and 1.00, 1.45 (95% CI: 1.29‐1.63) and 1.91 (95% CI: 1.67‐2.20) at proteinuria stages A1 (reference), A2 and A3, respectively. All aHRs (except G1 and G3a) were significant, with similar patterns observed within the non‐DM and overall cohorts.ConclusionseGFR and degree of albuminuria were independent markers of hospitalized infection in both patients with and without diabetes. The same patterns of hazard ratios of eGFR and proteinuria were seen in CKD patients regardless of diabetes status, with the risk of each outcome increasing with a decreasing eGFR and increasing proteinuria. Infection risk increased significantly from eGFR stage G3b and proteinuria stage A2 in type 2 diabetes. Treating type 2 DM patients with CKD at eGFR stages G1‐G3a with immunosuppressive therapy may therefore provide a favourable risk‐benefit ratio (G1‐G3a in type 2 diabetes; G1‐G2 in nondiabetes and overall cohorts) although the degree of proteinuria needs to be considered.