bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic potential of sarcoplasmic myxovirus resistance protein A expression in subsets of dermatomyositis
Authors: Uruha A. , Allenbach Y. , Charuel J.‐L. , Musset L. , Aussy A. , Boyer O. , Mariampillai K. , Landon‐Cardinal O. , Rasmussen C. , Bolko L. , Maisonobe T. , Leonard‐Louis S. , Suzuki S. , Nishino I. , Stenzel W. , Benveniste O. 
Published: September 2018

AimsTo elucidate the diagnostic value of sarcoplasmic expression of myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) for dermatomyositis (DM) specifically analysing different DM subforms, and to test the superiority of MxA to other markers.MethodsImmunohistochemistry for MxA and retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I) was performed on skeletal muscle samples and compared with the item presence of perifascicular atrophy (PFA) in 57 DM patients with anti‐Mi‐2 (n = 6), ‐transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma (n = 10), ‐nuclear matrix protein 2 (n = 13), ‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 (MDA5) (n = 10) or ‐small ubiquitin‐like modifier activating enzyme (n = 1) autoantibodies and with no detectable autoantibody (n = 17). Among the patients, nine suffered from cancer and 22 were juvenile‐onset type. Disease controls included antisynthetase syndrome (ASS)‐associated myositis (n = 30), immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy (n = 9) and inclusion body myositis (n = 5).ResultsSarcoplasmic MxA expression featured 77% sensitivity and 100% specificity for overall DM patients, while RIG‐I staining and PFA reached respectively 14% and 59% sensitivity and 100% and 86% specificity. In any subset of DM, sarcoplasmic MxA expression showed higher sensitivity than RIG‐I and PFA. Some anti‐MDA5 antibody‐positive DM samples distinctively showed a scattered staining pattern of MxA. No ASS samples had sarcoplasmic MxA expression even though six patients had DM skin rash.ConclusionsSarcoplasmic MxA expression is more sensitive than PFA and RIG‐I expression for a pathological diagnosis of DM, regardless of the autoantibody‐related subgroup. In light of its high sensitivity and specificity, it may be considered a pathological hallmark of DM per se. Also, lack of MxA expression in ASS supports the idea that ASS is a distinct entity from DM.
Calcium‐enhanced phosphorus toxicity in calcifuge and soil‐indifferent Proteaceae along the Jurien Bay chronosequence
Authors: Hayes Patrick E. , Guilherme Pereira Caio , Clode Peta L. , Lambers Hans 
Published: September 2018

Summary

Many Proteaceae are highly phosphorus (P)‐sensitive and occur exclusively on old nutrient‐impoverished acidic soils (calcifuge), whilst a few also occur on young calcareous soils (soil‐indifferent) that are higher in available calcium (Ca) and P. Calcium increases the severity of P‐toxicity symptoms, but its underlying mechanisms are unknown. We propose that Ca‐enhanced P toxicity explains the calcifuge habit of most Proteaceae.

Four calcifuge and four soil‐indifferent Proteaceae from South‐Western Australia were grown in hydroponics, at a range of P and Ca concentrations.

Calcium increased the severity of P‐toxicity symptoms in all species. Calcifuge Proteaceae were more sensitive to Ca‐enhanced P toxicity than soil‐indifferent ones. Calcifuges shared these traits: low leaf zinc concentration ([Zn]), low Zn allocation to leaves, low leaf [Zn]:[P], low root : shoot ratio, and high seed P content, compared with soil‐indifferent species.

This is the first demonstration of Ca‐enhanced P toxicity across multiple species. Calcium‐enhanced P toxicity provides an explanation for the calcifuge habit of most Proteaceae and is critical for the management of this iconic Australian family. This study represents a major advance towards an understanding of the physiological mechanisms of P toxicity and its role in the distribution of Proteaceae.
Impact of vegetation on the methane budget of a temperate forest
Authors: Plain Caroline , Ndiaye Fatou‐Kiné , Bonnaud Pascal , Ranger Jacques , Epron Daniel 
Published: September 2018

Summary

Upland forest soils are known to be the main biological sink for methane, but studies have shown that net methane uptake of a forest ecosystem can be reduced when methane emissions by vegetation are considered. We estimated the methane budget of a young oak plantation by considering tree stems but also the understorey vegetation.

Automated chambers connected to a laser‐based gas analyser, on tree stems, bare soil and soil covered with understorey vegetation, recorded CH4 fluxes for 7 months at 3 h intervals.

Tree stem emissions were low and equated to only 0.1% of the soil sink. Conversely, the presence of understorey vegetation increased soil methane uptake. This plant‐driven enhancement of CH4 uptake occurred when the soil was consuming methane. At the stand level, the methane budget shifted from −1.4 ± 0.4 kg C ha−1 when we upscaled data obtained only on bare soil, to −2.9 ± 0.6 kg C ha−1 when we considered soil area that was covered with understorey vegetation.

These results indicate that aerenchymatous plant species, which are known to reduce the methane sink in wetlands, actually increase soil methane uptake two‐fold in an upland forest by enhancing methane and oxygen transport and/or by promoting growth of methanotrophic populations.
Natural allelic variation of GVS1 confers diversity in the regulation of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lyu Jae Il , Kim Jin Hee , Chu Hyosub , Taylor Mark A. , Jung Sukjoon , Baek Seung Hee , Woo Hye Ryun , Lim Pyung Ok , Kim Jeongsik 
Published: September 2018

Summary

Leaf senescence affects plant fitness. Plants that evolve in different environments are expected to acquire distinct regulations of leaf senescence. However, the adaptive and evolutionary roles of leaf senescence are largely unknown.

We investigated leaf senescence in 259 natural accessions of Arabidopsis by quantitatively assaying dark‐induced senescence responses using a high‐throughput chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system. A meta‐analysis of our data with phenotypic and climatic information demonstrated biological and environmental links with leaf senescence. We further performed genome‐wide association mapping to identify the genetic loci underlying the diversity of leaf senescence responses.

We uncovered a new locus, Genetic Variants in leaf Senescence (GVS1), with high similarity to reductase, where a single nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution at GVS1 mediates the diversity of the senescence trait. Loss‐of‐function mutations of GVS1 in Columbia‐0 delayed leaf senescence and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress, suggesting that this GVS1 variant promotes optimal responses to developmental and environmental signals. Intriguingly, gvs1 loss‐of‐function mutants display allele‐ and accession‐dependent phenotypes, revealing the functional diversity of GVS1 alleles not only in leaf senescence, but also oxidative stress.

Our discovery of GVS1 as the genetic basis of natural variation in senescence programs reinforces its adaptive potential in modulating life histories across diverse environments.
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure Proxy‐estimated by Sky View Fish‐eye Photography—Potentials and Limitations from an Exploratory Correlation Study
Authors: Wester Ulf , Pagels Peter , Boldemann Cecilia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPotentials and limitations of sky view fish‐eye photography and calculation of the percentage of free sky (sky view factor, SVF) as a proxy to estimate solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure in shade settings are investigated using controlled situations. SVF and measured solar UVR exposure correlated at high mid‐latitude (56.65°N) near autumnal equinox in September. The correlation was enhanced by splitting the sky view images into a south‐ and a north‐half and weighting the south‐half higher to account for the direct sun. Sky view images from eight different settings with SVF‐values 98.3% – 14.9% were compared to exposure measurements by polysulphone film dosimeter badges in the horizontal zenith‐, vertical‐south‐, east‐, west‐ and north‐directions and their combinations. The sky view images were un‐split and un‐weighted or split and the semi‐skies given south/north weights (3.0/1.0) or a higher weight ratio (3.5/0.5). Of all tested combinations split sky view SVFs weighted 3.0/1.0 and compared to horizontal (zenith‐oriented) dosimeters yielded the highest correlation (R2 = 0.96). The weight ratio (3.5/0.5) yielded the 2nd highest correlation (R2 = 0.90) both compared to measured horizontal exposure and compared to the horizontal exposure averaged with the vertical‐south‐oriented exposure. SVF from sky view fish‐eye photography may estimate solar UVR exposure in shade settings.
The Protective Effect of Violaxanthin from Nannochloropsis oceanica against Ultraviolet B‐Induced Damage in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Min , Jung Jin Hyuk , Kim Ji Yea , Heo Jina , Cho Dae‐Hyun , Kim Hee‐Sik , An Sungkwan , An In‐Sook , Bae Seunghee 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSkin photoaging, which is mainly induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, is prevented by the application of UV‐protective agents. The microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica (N. oceanica) has been primarily reported as a potential biofuel; however, in this study, we investigated whether N. oceanica extracts exerted photoprotective effects against UVB‐irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and which single component was responsible for the protective effect of the extracts. Two extracts—pigment and nonpigment—were prepared from N. oceanica biomass. WST‐1 assay and expression analysis of interleukin genes showed that the pigment extracts were not significantly cytotoxic to HDFs. Further experiments revealed that treatment with the pigment extract upregulated the expression of collagen genes and significantly blocked UVB‐induced damage such as decreased cell viability and increased ROS production. Next, to investigate the pigment composition of the extracts, HPLC analysis was conducted and violaxanthin was identified as the major pigment. The UVB photoprotective effect of the pigment extracts was confirmed in violaxanthin‐treated HDFs. In addition, violaxanthin significantly attenuated UVB‐induced G1 phase arrest, senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activation, p16 and p21 upregulation, ERK phosphorylation and the downregulation of ECM molecules in HDFs. Therefore, we concluded that violaxanthin was a potential antiphotoaging agent.
Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spore dynamics in clubroot resistant canola (Brassica napus) cropping systems
Authors: Ernst T. W. , Kher S. , Stanton D. , Rennie D. C. , Hwang S. F. , Strelkov S. E. 
Published: September 2018

The soilborne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae, causal agent of clubroot of canola (Brassica napus), is difficult to manage due to the longevity of its resting spores, ability to produce large amounts of inoculum, and the lack of effective fungicides. The cropping of clubroot resistant (CR) canola cultivars is one of the few effective strategies for clubroot management. This study evaluated the impact of the cultivation of CR canola on P. brassicae resting spore concentrations in commercial cropping systems in Alberta, Canada. Soil was sampled pre‐seeding and post‐harvest at multiple georeferenced locations within 17 P. brassicae‐infested fields over periods of up to 4 years in length. Resting spore concentrations were measured by quantitative PCR analysis, with a subset of samples also evaluated in greenhouse bioassays with a susceptible host. The cultivation of CR canola in soil with quantifiable levels of P. brassicae DNA resulted in increased inoculum loads. There was a notable lag in the release of inoculum after harvest, and quantifiable P. brassicae inoculum peaked in the year following cultivation of CR canola. Rotations that included a ≥2‐year break from P. brassicae hosts resulted in significant declines in soil resting spore concentrations. A strong positive relationship was found between the bioassays and qPCR‐based estimates of soil infestation. Results suggest that CR canola should not be used to reduce soil inoculum loads, and crop rotations in P. brassicae infested fields should include breaks of at least 2 years away from B. napus, otherwise the risk of selecting for virulent pathotypes may increase.
Caesarean delivery, childhood asthma, and effect modification by sex: An observational study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pennington Audrey Flak , Strickland Matthew J. , Klein Mitchel , Drews‐Botsch Carolyn , Hansen Craig , Darrow Lyndsey A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies indicate caesarean delivery is associated with childhood asthma. Sex‐specific associations were reported in four of these studies, and in all four studies, the estimated association between caesarean delivery and asthma was of greater magnitude among girls, although most report a lack of evidence of multiplicative interaction.MethodsWe assessed potential effect modification by sex, on the additive and multiplicative scales, of the association between caesarean delivery and asthma by ages 2 through 6 in up to 17 075 racially diverse children from a retrospective birth cohort, the Kaiser Air Pollution and Pediatric Asthma (KAPPA) Study. We also conducted a random‐effects meta‐analysis, combining our sex‐stratified results (using the odds ratio for compatibility with previous studies) with previously published results.ResultsAdjusted risk differences for caesarean delivery and asthma in the KAPPA cohort were higher among girls than boys at every follow‐up age. By age 5, caesarean delivery was associated with an absolute 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4%, 7.3%) higher asthma risk among girls and a 1.9% (95% CI −1.7, 5.4) higher risk among boys. The summary odds ratio from the meta‐analysis for caesarean delivery and asthma among girls was 1.26 (95% CI 1.14, 1.39) and 1.08 (95% CI 0.98, 1.20) among boys (P = 0.036).ConclusionsHigher, but imprecise, estimates for females across five studies should motivate investigators to estimate sex‐specific associations for caesarean delivery and asthma and to explore biological mechanisms or sex‐dependent biases that could explain this possible heterogeneity.
Associations of snoring frequency and intensity in pregnancy with time‐to‐delivery
Authors: Dunietz Galit Levi , Shedden Kerby , Schisterman Enrique F. , Lisabeth Lynda D. , Treadwell Marjorie C. , O'Brien Louise M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundSleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, little is known about the association of SDB with timing of delivery. We examined the association of snoring frequency, a key SDB marker, and snoring intensity, a correlate of SDB severity, with time‐to‐delivery among a cohort of pregnant women.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 1483 third trimester pregnant women were recruited from the University of Michigan prenatal clinics. Women completed a questionnaire about their sleep, and demographic and pregnancy information was abstracted from medical charts. After exclusion of those with hypertension or diabetes, 954 women were classified into two groups by their snoring onset timing, chronic or pregnancy‐onset. Within each of these groups, women were divided into four groups based on their snoring frequency and intensity: non‐snorers; infrequent‐quiet; frequent‐quiet; or frequent‐loud snorers. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to investigate the association between snoring frequency and intensity and time‐to‐delivery, adjusting for maternal characteristics.ResultsChronic snoring was reported by half of the pregnant women, and of those, 7% were frequent‐loud snorers. Deliveries before 38 weeks’ gestation are completed occurred among 25% of women with chronic, frequent‐loud snoring. Compared with pre‐pregnancy non‐snorers, women with chronic frequent‐loud snoring had an increased hazard ratio for delivery (adjusted hazard ratio 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.04, 2.45).ConclusionsSnoring frequency and intensity is associated with time‐to‐delivery in women absent of hypertension or diabetes. Frequent‐loud snoring may have a clinical utility to identify otherwise low‐risk women who are likely to deliver earlier.
Increased vascular function and superoxide dismutase activity in physically active vs inactive adults living with HIV
Authors: Lopes Gabriella O. , Farinatti Paulo , Lopes Karynne G. , Medeiros‐Lima Daniel J. , Matsuura Cristiane , Oliveira Ricardo B. , Bouskela Eliete , Bottino Daniel A. , Muccillo Fabiana , Tibirica Eduardo , Borges Juliana P. 
Published: September 2018

This study compared macro‐ and microvascular endothelial function and redox status in active vs inactive HIV‐infected patients (HIVP) under antiretroviral therapy. Using a cross‐sectional design, macro‐ and microvascular reactivity, systemic microvascular density, and oxidative stress were compared between 19 HIVP (53.1 ± 6.1 year) enrolled in a multimodal training program (aerobic, strength and flexibility exercises) for at least 12 months (60‐minutes sessions performed 3 times/wk with moderate intensity) vs 25 sedentary HIVP (51.2 ± 6.3 year). Forearm blood flow during reactive hyperemia (521.7 ± 241.9 vs 361.4% ± 125.0%; P = 0.04) and systemic microvascular density (120.8 ± 21.1 vs 105.6 ± 25.0 capillaries/mm2; P = 0.03) was greater in active than inactive patients. No significant difference between groups was detected for endothelium‐dependent and independent skin microvascular vasodilation (P > 0.05). As for redox status, carbonyl groups (P = 0.22), lipid peroxidation (P = 0.86), catalase activity (P = 0.99), and nitric oxide levels (P = 0.72) were similar across groups. However, superoxide dismutase activity was greater in active vs inactive HIVP (0.118 ± 0.013 vs 0.111 ± 0.007 U/mL; P = 0.05). Immune function reflected by total T CD4 and T CD8 counts (cell/mm3) did not differ between active and inactive groups (P > 0.82). In conclusion, physically active HIVP exhibited similar immune function, but greater macrovascular reactivity, systemic microvascular density, and superoxide dismutase activity than inactive patients of similar age.
Jasmonic acid‐inducible TSA1 facilitates ER body formation
Authors: Geem Kyoung Rok , Kim Dae Heon , Lee Dong Wook , Kwon Yun , Lee Junho , Kim Jeong Hee , Hwang Inhwan 
Published: September 2018

SummaryMembers of the Brassicales contain an organelle, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) body, which is derived from the ER. Recent studies have shed light on the biogenesis of the ER body and its physiological role in plants. However, formation of the ER body and its physiological role are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the physiological role of TSK‐associating protein 1 (TSA1), a close homolog of NAI2 that is involved in ER body formation, and provide evidence that it is involved in ER body biogenesis under wound‐related stress conditions. TSA1 is N‐glycosylated and localizes to the ER body as a luminal protein. TSA1 was highly induced by the plant hormone, methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Ectopic expression of TSA1:GFP induced ER body formation in root tissues of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and in leaf tissues of Nicotiana benthamiana. TSA1 and NAI2 formed a heterocomplex and showed an additive effect on ER body formation in N. benthamiana. MeJA treatment induced ER body formation in leaf tissues of nai2 and tsa1 plants, but not nai2/tsa1 double‐mutant plants. However, constitutive ER body formation was altered in young seedlings of nai2 plants but not tsa1 plants. Based on these results, we propose that TSA1 plays a critical role in MeJA‐induced ER body formation in plants.
High‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin is strongly associated with hemolytic anemia in patients with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Nolan Brian E. , Wang Yunfei , Pary Philippe P. , Luban Naomi L.C. , Wong Edward C.C. , Ronis Tova 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDHemolysis is a reported side effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in adults, but pediatric data are scarce. We determined the frequency of IVIG‐associated hemolysis in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) and characterized risk factors for hemolysis. We hypothesized that hemolysis is more common in children with KD than adults with other disorders, and hemolysis risk is related to IVIG dose and degree of inflammation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis was an 8‐year, single‐center, retrospective cohort study. A total of 419 KD patients were identified; 123 had pre‐ and post‐treatment complete blood counts allowing for assessment of anemia. Hemolytic anemia was defined as decrease in hemoglobin after IVIG greater than 1 g/dL with immunohematologic or biochemical studies supporting hemolysis.RESULTS123 patients were stratified as having hemolysis (n = 18, 15%) or nonhemolysis (n = 105, 85%). Patients with hemolysis were more likely to have complete versus incomplete KD (65% vs. 39%, p = 0.04) and refractory versus nonrefractory course (78% vs. 16%, p < 0.001). Patients receiving 4 g/kg versus 2 g/kg IVIG were more likely to hemolyze (89% vs. 34%, p < 0.001). Patients with hemolysis had mostly non‐O blood group (94%), positive direct antiglobulin tests (89%), and positive eluates (72%). Two‐thirds of patients with hemolysis required RBC transfusion.CONCLUSIONSHemolysis occurred in 15% of KD patients evaluated for anemia and is strongly associated with high‐dose (4 g/kg) IVIG. KD patients receiving high‐dose IVIG should have close hematologic monitoring to identify hemolysis.
Successful engraftment after cord blood transplantation from an HLA‐homozygous donor (homo‐to‐hetero cord blood transplantation) in a primary myelofibrosis patient with broad HLA antibodies
Authors: Iemura Tomoki , Itoh Mitsuru , Mano Chihiro , Oba Akifumi , Kawabata Norihiro , Horisawa Yoshihito , Matsui Masashi , Miyahara Yasuko , Kanda Junya 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDDonor‐specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies are a significant risk factor for graft failure in cord blood transplantation (CBT). Although there are several treatments to decrease HLA antibodies, such as platelet transfusion, plasma exchange, rituximab, and bortezomib, their effectiveness has not been established.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe herein report the case of a primary myelofibrosis (PMF) patient with broad HLA antibodies who underwent CBT from an HLA‐homozygous donor in which the alleles were matched only in the host‐versus‐graft direction (homo‐to‐hetero CBT).RESULTSThe cord blood was killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) ligand matched. She received a reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen. We used tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil as prophylaxis against graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). The neutrophils engrafted on Day 31. A chimerism analysis with fluorescence in situ hybridization of peripheral blood cells showed 99.9% donor type on Day 33. She developed only mild acute skin GVHD and chronic skin GVHD.CONCLUSIONThis case indicates the usefulness of homo‐to‐hetero CBT in a patient with broad HLA antibodies with a strong mean fluorescence intensity, which is a significant risk factor for graft failure. Further studies are necessary to determine the risk of GVHD and to elucidate the association between KIR ligand incompatibility and graft failure in homo‐to‐hetero CBT.