bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation performed by the hospital emergency team: A 6-year retrospective register analysis at Danderyd University Hospital, Sweden
Authors: Widestedt Hedwig , Giesecke Jasna , Karlsson Pernilla , Jakobsson Jan G. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Cardiac arrest requires rapid and effective handling. Huge efforts have been implemented to improve resuscitation of sudden cardiac arrest patients. Guidelines around the various parts of effective management, the chain of survival, are available. The aim of the present retrospective study was to study sudden in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and the outcomes of emergence team resuscitation in a university hospital in Sweden. Methods: The Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry was used to access all reported cases of IHCA at Danderyd Hospital from 2012 through 2017. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), discharge alive, 30-day mortality and Cerebral Performance Scales score (CPC) were analysed. Results: 574 patients with cardiac arrests were included in the study: 307 patients (54%) had ROSC; 195 patients (34%) were alive to be discharged from hospital; and 191 patients (33%) were still alive at day-30 after cardiac arrest. Witnessed cardiac arrests, VT/VF as initial rhythm and experiencing cardiac arrest in high monitored wards were factors associated with success. However, 53% of patients’ alive at day-30 had a none-shockable rhythm, 16% showed initially a pulseless electrical activity and 37% asystole. CPC score was available for 188 out of the 195 patients that were alive to be discharged: 96.5% of patients where data was available had a favourable neurological outcome, a CPC-score of 1 or 2 at discharge, and only 6 of these patients had a CPC-score of 3 or higher (3%). Conclusions: One third of patients with sudden IHCA were discharged from hospital and alive at day-30, a clear majority without cognitive deficit related to the cardiac arrest. High monitored care, witnessed cardiac arrest and shockable rhythm were factors associated with high success; however, more than half of surviving patients had initially a none-shockable rhythm.
The effect of local antibiotic prophylaxis when treating open limb fractures
Authors: Morgenstern M. , Vallejo A. , McNally M. A. , Moriarty T. F. , Ferguson J. Y. , Nijs S. , Metsemakers WJ. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesAs well as debridement and irrigation, soft-tissue coverage, and osseous stabilization, systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is considered the benchmark in the management of open fractures and considerably reduces the risk of subsequent fracture-related infections (FRI). The direct application of antibiotics in the surgical field (local antibiotics) has been used for decades as additional prophylaxis in open fractures, although definitive evidence confirming a beneficial effect is scarce. The purpose of the present study was to review the clinical evidence regarding the effect of prophylactic application of local antibiotics in open limb fractures.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Cohort studies investigating the effect of additional local antibiotic prophylaxis compared with systemic prophylaxis alone in the management of open fractures were included and the data were pooled in a meta-analysis.ResultsIn total, eight studies which included 2738 patients were eligible for quantitative synthesis. The effect of antibiotic-loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) beads was investigated by six of these studies, and two studies evaluated the effect of local antibiotics applied without a carrier. Meta-analysis showed a significantly lower infection rate when local antibiotics were applied (4.6%; 91/1986) than in the control group receiving standard systemic prophylaxis alone (16.5%; 124/752) (p < 0.001) (odds ratio 0.30; 95% confidence interval 0.22 to 0.40).ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests a risk reduction in FRI of 11.9% if additional local antibiotics are given prophylactically for open limb fractures. However, due to limited quality, heterogeneity, and considerable risk of bias, the pooling of data from primary studies has to be interpreted with caution. Cite this article: M. Morgenstern, A. Vallejo, M. A. McNally, T. F. Moriarty, J. Y. Ferguson, S. Nijs, WJ. Metsemakers. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:447–456. The effect of local antibiotic prophylaxis when treating open limb fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2018-0043.R1
Effect of Filling Humidity on the Propagation of High-Amplitude Stress Waves through an Artificial Joint
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Qi Shengwen , Yao Wei , Xia Kaiwen 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to further investigate the seismic response of an artificial filled joint under high-amplitude stress waves considering the effect of filling humidity, following our earlier work on dry infill. A steel split Hopkinson pressure bar system is utilized to induce high-amplitude stress waves to the filled joint. In this study, the wet infill is a mixture composed of quartz sand, kaolinite clay, and water. It is found that when the water content is relatively low, i.e., 8.25 %, the seismic response of the joint with wet infill is similar to that of the joint with dry infill, as shown in the literature. When the stress wave amplitude increases, the infill is progressively compacted and the transmission coefficient increases. However, there exists a crushing deformation stage for the infill in which many particles are crushed, and the transmission coefficient decreases as the incident wave amplitude increases. The water in the infill can reduce the friction between grains, which may lead to the decrease of the joint stiffness. As a result, the transmission coefficient is smaller than the case with dry infill under similar loading conditions. When the water content is moderate, such as 16.75 %, particles are very difficult to crush and the infill dominantly experiences compaction even when loaded by very high-amplitude stress waves. Consequently, the transmission coefficient through the wet infill always increases with the increase of the incident wave amplitude. When the infill is fully saturated (water content = 25.0 %), it can only experience approximately elastic deformation, and few particles can be crushed. In this case, the transmission coefficient is independent of the incident wave amplitude. When the infill is dry or fully saturated, the transmission coefficient is insensitive to the amplitude of the incident wave.
Electrochemical Characterization of a Nickel-Phosphorus Coating on Diamond Grits
Authors: Ma Lian , He Xihua , Fang Alex , Liang Hong 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Machining tools electroplated with coated diamond abrasives are widely used because of their high wear resistance. However, the inconsistent quality caused by coating failure has hindered tools’ performances and service lives. In the present work, experimental investigation through electrochemical approach was conducted on a coating electrolessly plated on diamond grits. A newly designed working electrode with nickel-phosphorus alloy coating was fabricated. Subsequently, immersion test, potentiodynamic polarization, and linear polarization resistance (LPR) and open circuit potential (OCP) monitoring were performed on this electrode, in order to reveal insight from the failure mechanisms of coatings. Morphological characterization was carried out before and after both the potentiodynamic polarization experiments and immersion test. The results showed that, in a low-concentration (60 g/L nickel sulfamate) bath, the coating cracked and stripped off because of the current assisted breakthrough of pinholes, while the coating has less damage in the high-concentration (300 g/L nickel sulfamate) bath because of an extra passivation stage at lower potential (−0.30 V versus OCP). The increase in OCP and decrease in corrosion rate over time indicated the continuous coating cracking and exposure of the nobler diamond substrate. LPR and OCP monitoring is an effective approach to evaluate the coating durability before the coated diamond grits are actually used in wire saw manufacturing. The electrochemical characterization methods used in this work can be applied to other core-shell systems with metal coatings and particulate substrates.
A Clinical Study and Management of Inguino-scrotal Swellings In Children
Authors: Vaja Khyati , Suvera Mukesh 
Published: July 2018

Aims and Objectives: To know the most common surgical problems in pediatric patients presented with inguino-scrotal swellings and management done routinely.
Methodology: This study was carried out in the department of general surgery, Sharadaben hospital and pediatric surgery of VS hospital, Ahmedabad. The cases were studied for a period of about one year (January, 2017 to Dec, 2017) and all children below 12 years of age, presenting to us with inguinoscrotal swellings were included in this study. The information was analysed in terms of age, diagnosis, procedure carried out and outcome.
Results: Amongst the 150 children under the age of 12 years, 143 patients were males and 7 were females. Among these 150, 52 cases were of hydrocoele, 70 cases of hernia (of which 63 were males and 7 were females), 25 cases of undescended testis and 3 cases of epididymo orchitis were documented. All cases underwent simple herniotomy for hernia and hydrocoele, orchidopexy for undescended testis. The length of hospital stay ranged from 2-4 days with mean of 2.46 days. 11 children in the study were documented to have short term complications, all of which were recognised in the hospital and managed with good results.
Conclusion: Hernia and Hydrocoele in children are often congenital and diagnosed clinically (history and examination). Indirect inguinal hernia are more common than other groin hernias. Open herniotomy is the operation of choice for inguinal hernia in children.
A Study of Neurological Deficits in Survived Cases of Diphtheria
Authors: Patel Twinkle , Shah Chirag 
Published: July 2018

Aims and Objectives: To study the incidence, clinical profile and outcome of children with diphtheritic neuropathy.
Methodology: A retrospective study of 26 patients with clinical diagnosis of post diphtheritic neuropathy was done. The records were reviewed and information regarding demographic profile, immunization status, clinical presentation, treatment received (medical &/ or surgical including ventilator care) & the outcome were recorded in pro-forma. The results were tabulated and analysed. All the cases who had whitish grey adherent membrane and evidence of neck swelling or has laboratory confirmed evidence (smear or culture positive cases) were diagnosed as cases of diphtheria and amongst them who developed features of neurological deficits like bulbar palsy, cranial nerve involvement or limb weakness were enrolled for further information amongst the survived cases of diphtheria. Patients with other evident cause for neurological deficit were excluded. During this time period total 138 patients of diphtheria were admitted at our hospital and among them 38 patients expired due to various complications.
Results: Incidence of Diphtheritic neuropathy was 29.8% among survived cases of diphtheria in our study. Median age of presentation was 7 years and Median latency period was 18 days. Among these patients 96% patients were either partially immunised or unimmunized. All of them had features of bulbar palsy. Isolated palatal palsy was most common presentation and was present in 53.84% patients. GBS like illness was present in 4 (15.38%) patients. Cranial nerve involvement was present in 8% of patients. Full recovery was seen in 30.7% and partial recovery was seen in 46.15% of patients. Boys were more in numbers.
Conclusion: Diphtheria is a vaccine preventable disease so, routine vaccine administration, prompt diagnosis, early treatment, early administration of ADS and early recognition of complications and treatment of such will reduce associated morbidity and mortality.
Developing A Scale for Measuring Perfection Quotient (PQ) to Predict Readiness to Health Behavior Change
Authors: Sharma Manoj , Kanekar Amar , Lakhan Ram 
Published: July 2018

The concept of perfection quotient (PQ) that imbibes the basics of intelligence quotient (IQ), emotional quotient (EQ), X quotient (XQ) and spiritual dimension has been proposed to measure readiness for individual-level health behavior change. PQ can be defined as a sum total of combined cognitive capacity, balanced emotions, desirable personality traits, and spiritual awareness to meet the best possible success of life goals. The present article reifies this concept into a practical scale that includes the concept of IQ implicitly by developing the scale at less than seventh-grade level. It explicitly operationalizes the concept of EQ through three constructs namely self-awareness, mood management, and self-motivation into a health emotional quotient (HEQ). It also operationalizes the concept of health X quotient (HXQ) through the constructs of cautiousness, independence, and competition with self. Finally, it operationalizes the concept of health spiritual quotient (HSQ) through the constructs of self-love and love for others around oneself. The summation of HEQ, HXQ, and HSQ yields the PQ score which can range from 0-100 units. It is proposed that score of 0-25 units indicates needing improvement low perfection score; a score of 26-50 units indicates needing improvement small perfection score; a score of 51-75 units indicates moderate perfection score that can be better; a score of 76-100 units indicates high perfection score on the continuum and high readiness for health behavior change. The scale can be freely used by health behavior researchers while providing due credit.
Systemic scleroderma: An approach from plastic surgery
Authors: Rodríguez-Franco Karen , Miranda-Díaz Audrey José , Hoyos-Restrepo Juan David , Meléndez Genny Liliana 
Published: July 2018

Introducción. La esclerosis sistémica (ES) es una enfermedad autoinmune del tejido conectivo que se caracteriza clínicamente por un engrosamiento cutáneo, el cual se da debido a la acumulación de tejido conectivo y puede afectar a otros órganos y a las extremidades. La etiología multifactorial de esta enfermedad corresponde a la interacción de alteraciones en el remodelamiento de la matriz extracelular, función inmunitaria y presencia de vasculopatía proliferativa bajo influencia genética y medioambiental.Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sobre el manejo médico y quirúrgico desde el punto de vista de la cirugía plástica de las lesiones en piel y manos y las alteraciones faciales de los pacientes con ES.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Medline, LILACS, PubMed, EMBASE y Current contents con las palabras claves esclerodermia sistémica, cirugía plástica, mano y ulceras.Resultados. La ES requiere manejo multidisciplinario; se presentan casos en los que se indica terapia farmacológica y otros en los que el manejo es quirúrgico complementario.Conclusión. Esta patología afecta de manera importante la piel al provocar lesiones que van desde ulceras digitales hasta atrofia facial, las cuales son susceptibles de manejo por el área de cirugía plástica.
Morphometric variations of two populations of Anopheles albitarsis F (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Orinoquia region, Colombia
Authors: Pacheco-Gomez Miguel Alfonso , González-Ovando Ranulfo , Brochero Helena 
Published: July 2018

Introducción. Anopheles albitarsis F ha sido registrada con infección natural por Plasmodium falciparum. En la Orinoquía, se encuentra en simpatría con Anopheles darlingi, un vector primario de malaria.Objetivo. Determinar variaciones morfométricas en caracteres diagnósticos de ala y pata posterior de mosquitos adultos procedentes de dos poblaciones naturales de la Orinoquía, donde la malaria constituye un problema de salud pública.Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron, mediante morfometría lineal y geométrica, los patrones de manchas de la vena Costa del ala de hembras silvestres, de hembras obtenidas de series entomológicas y de isofamilias. Se estimó la forma y el tamaño alar. El segundo tarsómero posterior se analizó por morfometría lineal.Resultados. Se observaron dos patrones de manchas de la vena Costa; se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el tamaño y forma alar (p<0.05) entre las hembras silvestres y las obtenidas en condiciones de laboratorio. Para las poblaciones estudiadas, se proponen como caracteres diagnósticos la proporción PHD/HP de 1.17-1.19 en la vena Costa y 0.38-0.54 para la proporción DSIII2/TaIII2 del segundo tarsómero posterior de la pata posterior.Conclusión. Las poblaciones estudiadas de An. albitarsis F presentaron diferencias significativas entre las hembras silvestres y las obtenidas en condiciones de laboratorio, no solo en el tamaño de las alas, sino también en la forma. Se presentan nuevos rangos para los caracteres diagnósticos de la especie.
Research on heart failure in Colombia, time to take a step forward
Authors: Mora Pabón Guillermo 
Published: July 2018

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera etiología de mortalidad en el mundo. En Colombia, según datos del Ministerio de Salud, la enfermedad isquémica cardiaca es la primera causa de muerte, mientras que el accidente cerebrovascular, la diabetes y la enfermedad hipertensiva hacen parte de las primeras diez fuentes de mortalidad (1,2). Casi cualquier patología que afecte el corazón puede llevar a falla cardiaca (FC); sin embargo, la causa más común en el mundo es la cardiopatía isquémica.En el período 1998-2011 las enfermedades cardiovasculares dieron cuenta del 23.5% de todas las muertes del país; de estas, la enfermedad isquémica cardiaca produjo el 56.3%. Estos datos evidenciaron una tasa de mortalidad promedio de 104.6 muertes cardiovasculares por cada 100 000 habitantes al año (3). En Colombia, en un estudio que reunió 4 239 pacientes de clínicas de falla cardiaca, la etiología isquémica fue la más prevalente (38.7%), seguida por la cardiomiopatía dilatada idiopática (21.6%) y luego otras causas menos prevalentes como valvulopatías (10.5%), cardiopatía chagásica (10.3%) y cardiopatía hipertensiva (12.2%) (4).
Mechanisms Underlying Increased TIMP2 and IGFBP7 Urinary Excretion in Experimental AKI
Authors: Johnson Ali C.M. , Zager Richard A. 
Published: July 2018

Background
Recent clinical data support the utility/superiority of a new AKI biomarker (“NephroCheck”), the arithmetic product of urinary TIMP × IGFBP7 concentrations. However, the pathophysiologic basis for its utility remains ill defined.

Methods
To clarify this issue, CD-1 mice were subjected to either nephrotoxic (glycerol, maleate) or ischemic AKI. Urinary TIMP2/IGFBP7 concentrations were determined at 4 and 18 hours postinjury and compared with urinary albumin levels. Gene transcription was assessed by measuring renal cortical and/or medullary TIMP2/IGFBP7 mRNAs (4 and 18 hours after AKI induction). For comparison, the mRNAs of three renal “stress” biomarkers (NGAL, heme oxygenase 1, and p21) were assessed. Renal cortical TIMP2/IGFBP7 protein was gauged by ELISA. Proximal tubule–specific TIMP2/IGFBP7 was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Each AKI model induced prompt (4 hours) and marked urinary TIMP2/IGFBP7 increases without an increase in renal cortical concentrations. Furthermore, TIMP2/IGFBP7 mRNAs remained at normal levels. Endotoxemia also failed to increase TIMP2/IGFBP7 mRNAs. In contrast, each AKI model provoked massive NGAL, HO-1, and p21 mRNA increases, confirming that a renal “stress response” had occurred. Urinary albumin rose up to 100-fold and strongly correlated (r=0.87–0.91) with urinary TIMP2/IGFBP7 concentrations. Immunohistochemistry showed progressive TIMP2/IGFBP7 losses from injured proximal tubule cells. Competitive inhibition of endocytic protein reabsorption in normal mice tripled urinary TIMP2/IGFBP7 levels, confirming this pathway’s role in determining urinary excretion.

Conclusions
AKI-induced urinary TIMP2/IGFBP7 elevations are not due to stress-induced gene transcription. Rather, increased filtration, decreased tubule reabsorption, and proximal tubule cell TIMP2/IGFBP7 urinary leakage seem to be the most likely mechanisms.
APEC ÜLKELERİNDE FİNANSAL GELİŞME VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: TEMELLİ Fatma , ŞAHİN Dilek 
Published: July 2018

Bu
çalışmada; Asya-Pasifik Ekonomik
İşbirliği’ne üye olan (APEC) 12 ülkede 1990-2014 dönemleri arasında finansal
gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki panel veri analizi ile
araştırılmıştır. Finansal gelişmişlik göstergesi olarak özel sektör kredilerinin
GSYH % payı, ekonomik büyüme göstergesi olarak da kişi başına gelir değişkeni
kullanılmıştır. Analizde yatay kesit bağımlılığını göz önünde bulunduran yeni
nesil panel veri yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda
değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Panelin
genelinde finansal gelişmedeki bir birimlik artışın ekonomik büyümeyi 0.099
birim artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme
arasında iki yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
TURİZMİN İKTİSADİ SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİĞİ AÇISINDAN KIŞ TURİZMİ
Authors: ÇAKMAK Fatih , YILMAZ Ömer 
Published: July 2018

Turizm yerel kalkınmaya olan katkısından dolayı önemli ekonomik bir
faaliyettir. Bu sebeple turizmin sürdürülebilirliği, işsizlik ve bölgesel
kalkınma açısından ehemmiyet arz eden bir konudur. Yaz aylarında elde edilen turizm gelirinin kış
aylarında azaldığı görülmektedir. Kış turizmi ile turizm geliri açısından
mevsimsellik sorununun ortadan kaldırılması ve sezondan sezona atıl kalan işgücü
ve kapasitenin ekonomiye kazandırılması sağlanabilecektir. Bu durum turizmde
sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanmasının kış turizmine yapılacak yatırımlar ve
uygulanacak turizm politikaları ile sağlanabileceğinin bir göstergesidir. Bu çalışmada yaz ve kış turizm gelirlerinin turist sayısına göre
değişimi regresyon analizi ile incelenmiş ve bu turizm türleri arasında
kıyaslamalar yapılmıştır. Yaz dönemine nazaran kış dönemi boyunca ağırlanan
turist sayısının turizm gelirine oransal etkisinin yaklaşık iki kat olduğu
tespit edilmiştir. Turizm geliri kapsamında yaz ve kış turizmi arasındaki
istatistiki farklılığın sebebi tartışılarak kış turizm gelirini artırmaya
yönelik yapılabilecek faaliyetler önerilmiştir.