bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 and M1 by Lactobacillus acidophilus and prebiotics in whole cow's milk
Authors: Wochner Katia F. , Moreira Maria C. C. , Kalschne Daneysa L. , Colla Eliane , Drunkler Deisy A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe detoxification ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and prebiotics was evaluated by a Plackett‐Burman Design to examine the reduction of concentration and bioaccessibility of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and M1 (AFM1) in artificially contaminated whole cow's milk. Six variables were evaluated: AFB1 (3.25–6.0 μg L−1) or AFM1 (1.0–2.0 μg L−1) concentration; incubation time (0–6 h); and inulin, oligofructose, β‐glucan, and polydextrose concentrations (each between 0.00 and 0.75%). All runs achieved reductions of AFB1 (13.53–35.53%) and AFM1 (17.65–71.52%). Comparing with the positive control, the AFB1 bioaccessibility ranged from 23.68 to 72.67% and for AFM1 was 0%. The probiotic, isolated or combined with prebiotics, was efficient in mycotoxin reduction, while the combination of the two reduced the mycotoxin bioaccessibility. The best experimental condition was the highest concentration of AFB1 (6.5 μg L−1) and AFM1 (2.0 μg L−1), incubation time of 0 h and the addition of probiotic and inulin (0.75%).
Homeless Veterans in Nursing Homes: Care for Complex Medical, Substance Use, and Social Needs
Authors: Jutkowitz Eric , Halladay Christopher , McGeary John , O'Toole Thomas , Rudolph James L. 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVESThe homeless population is aging, and their use of nursing homes is not well understood. We compared comorbidities (substance use, mental health conditions, and physical illness) and nursing home measures (source of admission, length of stay, and mortality in the facility) of veterans who were homeless, at risk for being homeless, or stably housed in the year prior to admission.DESIGNCross‐sectional analysis.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTSAll veterans admitted to a nursing home between January 2010 and December 2016 and their housing status in the year prior to their nursing home admission.MEASUREMENTSAdjusted relative risks (ARRs) for the association between housing status, comorbidities, and nursing home measures.RESULTSVeterans who were homeless in the year prior to their community nursing home admission were younger (n = 3355; 62.5 years [SD = 10.3 years]) at admission compared to stably housed veterans (n = 64 884; 75.3 years [SD = 11.9 years]). After adjustment for demographic characteristics, homeless veterans were more likely to have diagnoses for alcohol abuse (ARR = 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.05‐2.31), drug abuse (ARR = 3.03; 95% CI = 2.74‐3.33), mental health condition (ARR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.45‐1.54), dementia (ARR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.04‐1.25), liver disease (ARR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.23‐1.41), lung disease (ARR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.04‐1.13), and trimorbidity (co‐occurring substance abuse, mental illness, and physical illness) (ARR = 2.57; 95% CI = 2.40‐2.74) compared to stably housed veteran nursing home users. Homeless veterans were more likely to be admitted to a nursing home from a hospital (ARR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.08‐1.17) and remain in the nursing home 90 days after admission (ARR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.04‐1.16), but were less likely to die in the facility (ARR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.67‐0.78) compared to stably housed veterans.CONCLUSIONSHomeless veteran nursing home users have different characteristics than stably housed veteran nursing home users. These differences may challenge nursing home staff caring for homeless patients. Nursing homes should assess resident housing status to help provide linkages with existing social services. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1707–1712, 2019
The rice PLATZ protein SHORT GRAIN6 determines grain size by regulating spikelet hull cell division
Authors: Zhou Shi‐Rong , Xue Hong‐Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGrain size is a major determinant of cereal grain yields; however, the relevant regulatory mechanisms controlling this trait have not been fully elucidated. The rice (Oryza sativa) mutant short grain6 (sg6) was identified based on its reduced grain length and weight. Here, we functionally characterized the role of SG6 in determining grain size through the regulation of spikelet hull cell division. SG6 encodes a previously uncharacterized plant AT‐rich sequence and zinc‐binding (PLATZ) protein that is ubiquitously localized throughout the cell and is preferentially expressed in the early developing panicles but not in the endosperm. The overexpression of SG6 resulted in significantly larger and heavier grains, as well as increased plant heights, which is consistent with its elevated spikelet hull cell division rate. Yeast two‐hybrid analyses revealed that SG6 interacts with the core cell cycle machinery DP protein and several other putative cell division regulators, consistent with our transcriptomic analysis, which showed that SG6 activates the expression of many DNA replication and cell‐cycle‐related genes. These results confirm the crucial role of SG6 in determining grain size by regulating spikelet hull cell division and provide clues for understanding the functions of PLATZ family proteins and the network regulating cereal grain size.
Associations Among Intrapartum Interventions and Cesarean Birth in Low‐Risk Nulliparous Women with Spontaneous Onset of Labor
Authors: Iobst Stacey E. , Bingham Debra , Storr Carla L. , Zhu Shijun , Johantgen Meg 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionCesarean birth rates vary widely across hospitals in the United States, even among women who are considered low‐risk for the procedure. This variation has been attributed to differences in health care provider practice, but few studies have explored patterns of labor management in relation to cesarean birth.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study of 26,259 nulliparous, term, singleton gestation, vertex presentation births following spontaneous onset of labor. Births occurred from 2002 to 2007 in 11 hospitals in the Consortium on Safe Labor. Generalized linear mixed modeling was used to examine the relationship between intrapartum interventions (amniotomy, epidural analgesia, oxytocin augmentation) used individually and in combination and the outcome of cesarean birth.ResultsMore than 90% of the women in this low‐risk sample received at least one intervention regardless of mode of birth. Epidural analgesia was the most frequently applied intervention, both when used as a single intervention (18.7%) and in combination with other interventions (79.9%). The strongest associations between these interventions and cesarean birth were observed when 2 or 3 interventions were applied during labor. Compared with women who received no interventions, the strongest association was observed among women who received amniotomy‐oxytocin augmentation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.89; 95% CI, 1.36‐2.62). The use of all 3 interventions (amniotomy‐epidural analgesia‐oxytocin augmentation) showed a similar positive association with cesarean birth (aOR 1.83; 95% CI, 1.50‐2.21).DiscussionFindings show that the combined use of amniotomy, epidural analgesia, and oxytocin augmentation is positively associated with cesarean birth. Additional research is needed to examine the timing and sequence of interventions as well as whether a causal relationship exists between combinations of interventions and cesarean birth in low‐risk nulliparous women.
Implications from early life stress on the development of mouse ovarian follicles: Focus on oxidative stress
Authors: Ghatebi Mina , Zavareh Saeed , Lashkarbolouki Taghi , Elahdadi Salmani Mahmoud 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThe early life stress has significant long‐term effects on the development of the offspring. This study was undertaken to verify if maternal separation as a stressor agent affects the oxidative status and developmental competence of mouse pre‐antral follicles (PF) during in vitro culture period.MethodsFemale litters of National Medical Research Institute mice were divided into two groups: maternally separated group (MS), separated from the mothers for 6 h per day from postnatal days 2–16; and the rest considered as the control group, which left undisturbed over the 14 days. The litters were sacrificed and the ovarian tissue was harvested to isolate the PF. The PF were in vitro cultured up to 12th day when ovulation was induced. The developmental parameters and oxidative status (i.e., total antioxidant capacity and Malondialdehyde levels, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) were assessed.ResultsThe rates of survival, antrum formation, ovulation and oocyte maturation of PF derived from the MS group were significantly lower compared with those of the control group. Furthermore, the Malondialdehyde level of the MS group was significantly higher than that of the control group. By contrast, the total antioxidant capacity level was lower in the MS group with respect to the control group. Also, the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase of PF, derived from the MS group, was significantly lower compared with those of the control group.ConclusionEarly life stress damages the developmental competence of mouse PF through induction of oxidative stress.
Ultrasound Predicts White Matter Integrity after Hypothermia Therapy in Neonatal Hypoxic‐Ischemic Injury
Authors: Salas Jacqueline , Reddy Nihaal , Carson Kathryn A. , Northington Frances J. , Huisman Thierry A.G.M. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDHypoxic‐ischemic injury (HII) is a major cause of neonatal death and neurodevelopmental disability. Head ultrasounds (HUS) in neonates with HII often show enhanced gray/white matter differentiation. We assessed the significance of this finding in predicting white matter structural integrity measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in neonates with HII.METHODSWe performed a quantitative region of interest‐based analysis of white and gray matter echogenicity within the cingulate gyrus on pre‐ and posthypothermia HUS. We also completed a quantitative analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean (MD), axial (AD), and radial (RD) diffusivity within the bilateral anterior and posterior centrum semiovale (CSO) on posthypothermia brain magnetic resonance imaging. For HUS studies, we calculated a white‐to‐gray matter echogenicity ratio (WGR) and subsequently correlated it to DTI measurements.RESULTSForty‐two term neonates with HII who underwent hypothermia therapy were included. Significant correlation was found between prehypothermia WGR and MD, AD, and RD values in the left anterior CSO (r = .38‐.40, P = .02). Prehypothermia WGR also correlated with the following: MD and RD in the right anterior CSO (r = .35‐.36, P = .04), MD and AD in the right posterior CSO (r = .32‐.45, P = .008‐.03), and AD in the left posterior CSO (r = .47, P = .005). No significant correlation was found either between prehypothermia WGR and FA values in the bilateral anterior and posterior CSO or between posthypothermia WGR and all DTI scalars in the bilateral anterior and posterior CSO.CONCLUSIONSPrehypothermia HUS WGR may predict posthypothermia white matter structural integrity and is potentially an early and easily obtainable biomarker of severity in neonatal HII.
Associations between tooth loss, prostheses and self‐reported oral health, general health, socioeconomic position and satisfaction with life
Authors: Rosing Kasper , Christensen Lisa Bøge , Øzhayat Esben Boeskov 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether the location of tooth loss and prosthesis are associated with self‐reported oral health, general health, socioeconomic position and satisfaction with life.MethodsFrom the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank (CAMB) investigation, 1517 persons had their oral status ranked (full dentition, fixed prosthesis in the masticatory zone, tooth loss in the masticatory zone, fixed prosthesis in the aesthetic zone, removable prosthesis, tooth loss in the aesthetic zone). Self‐reported oral health, general health, socioeconomic position and satisfaction with life were obtained. Information on gender, normative socioeconomic position, frequency of seeing a dentist, acute dental treatment within the last 5 years and general diseases was also recorded.ResultsPatients with tooth loss in the aesthetic zone and removable prosthesis showed high odds ratios for reporting poor rather than good oral health compared to patients having a full dentition. Having a removable prosthesis was further associated with rating socioeconomic position as low rather than high (odds ratio = 27.7 [95% CI: 5.07; 151.6]) compared to a full dentition after controlling for normative socioeconomic position and gender. In the bivariate analyses, a tendency towards poorer general health and poorer satisfaction with life was found with worse oral status, meanwhile the multiple regression analyses did not show significant associations between oral status and general health and satisfaction with life.ConclusionsMissing teeth and having prostheses are associated with worse self‐reported oral health compared to having a full dentition. Removable dental prosthesis may be associated with a worse self‐perception of socioeconomic status.
Multidimensional Profiles of Religiosity Among Adolescents: Associations With Sexual Behaviors and Romantic Relationships
Authors: Vasilenko Sara A. , Espinosa‐Hernández Graciela 
Published: June 2019

Religiosity is associated with sexual behavior in adolescence; however, religiosity is a multidimensional construct, and it is not clear how different patterns of religiosity may differentially predict sexual behaviors and romantic relationships. We apply latent class analysis to nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; N = 10,149) to examine (1) what religiosity profiles exist among adolescents and (2) how they predict sexual behavior and romantic relationship status in adolescence and young adulthood. Religiosity in multiple domains was associated with lesser odds of sexual behavior compared to profiles marked by only affiliation, private, or public religiosity. Findings suggest that examining multiple facets of religiosity together is important for understanding how religiosity is associated with sexual behavior.
The Pervasive Orienting Power of Religiousness and Spirituality: Reflections on the Special Section
Authors: Miller Lisa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article serves as a brief commentary as part of the Special Section on Processes of Religious and Spiritual Influence in Adolescence, published in the Journal of Research on Adolescence. The commentary summarizes each of the focal pieces in the special section, and highlights overarching themes. One particular theme is that the Special Section as a whole demonstrates the broad and pervasive presence of religiosity and spirituality at all ecological levels of life. Further, while religiosity and spirituality are broad constructs that exist at multiple ecological levels, they consistently relate to targeted outcomes via specific mediating and moderating processes. Thus, religiosity and spirituality are germane to a broad range of psychological research questions. In terms of adolescence, religiosity and spirituality can have a permeating and reorienting influence on many aspects of development and functioning, thus warranting further study.
More than an X‐ray: Experiences and perspectives of parents of children with cerebral palsy when engaging in hip surveillance
Authors: Toovey Rachel , Willoughby Kate L , Hodgson Jan M , Graham H Kerr , Reddihough Dinah S 
Published: June 2019

AimWe explored the experiences of parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP) when engaging in hip surveillance for their child and aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators they encounter.MethodsWe conducted a pragmatic qualitative study through five focus groups conducted with 23 parents and primary care givers of young people with cerebral palsy. A semi‐structured topic guide was used to facilitate discussion. Recordings were transcribed verbatim and transcripts analysed using content analysis.ResultsSix major categories emerged: (i) hip surveillance is a shared responsibility; (ii) knowledge is empowering; (iii) hip surveillance should be proactive rather than reactive; (iv) consistency and support from health professionals is valuable; (v) good communication is crucial; and (vi) challenges associated with having an X‐ray may not be appreciated. Participants made recommendations related to: service model enhancements, information provision and improving both communication and the experience of having an X‐ray.ConclusionDespite having a good understanding of the need and importance of hip surveillance for their child, several barriers to parent engagement exist. Findings will inform the implementation of a family‐centred model for hip surveillance and may be relevant to those undertaking or planning the implementation of hip surveillance in other areas.
Glutamine Synthetase (GS): A Key Enzyme for Nitrogen Assimilation in The Macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Huan Zhongyan , Zhang Qingfang , Zhong Mingqi , Chen Weizhou , Aslam Muhammad , Du Hong 
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to address the importance of glutamine synthetase II (GSII) during nitrogen assimilation in macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. The cDNA full‐length sequence of the three glGSII genes was revealed to have the 5′ m7G cap, 5′‐untranslated region, open reading frame (ORF), 3′‐untranslated region, and a 3′ poly (A) tail. The three glGSIIs were classified into plastid glGS2 and cytosolic glGS1‐1 and glGS1‐2, having conserved GSII domains but different cDNA sequences. The complicated 5′ end flanking region indicates complex function of glGS genes. glGS1 genes were significantly up‐regulated under the different NH4+: NO3− ratio (i.e., 40:10, 25:25, 10:40, and 0:50) except glGS2 which dramatically up‐regulated under the low NH4+: NO3− ratio (i.e., 10:40 and 0:50) during different cultivation times. These different expression patterns perhaps are due to the different biological roles of GS1 and GS2 in the gene family. Furthermore, hypothetical working model of nitrogen assimilation pathway exhibiting the role of glGS1 and glGS2 is proposed. Finally, glGS2 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the optimal conditions for culture (15°C, overnight), purification (500 mM imidazole washing), and activity (pH 7.4, 37°C) were established. This study lays a very important foundation for exploring the role of GS in nitrogen assimilation in algae and plants.
Efficacy of toothbrushing procedures performed in intensive care units in reducing the risk of ventilator‐associated pneumonia: A systematic review
Authors: de Camargo Luiz , da Silva Silvana Nunes , Chambrone Leandro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review (SR) was to assess whether toothbrushing‐based oral heath measure (OHM), performed in intensive care units, can reduce the risk of ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP). Dental biofilm removal has been considered important to prevent VAP. PUBMED, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched up to and including December 2018 to identify randomized clinical trials (RCT) on the use of toothbrushing procedures in the prevention of VAP. Search was conducted by two independent reviewers. The risk of bias of each included study was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's domain‐based, two‐part tool. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted thoroughly. Search strategy identified 215 potentially eligible articles, of which 12 RCT were included. All studies evidenced the importance of OHM in mechanically ventilated patients in order to prevent VAP. Seven RCT (58.3%) found some degree of positive association between toothbrushing, alone or associated to oral topical chlorhexidine (CHX), and a potential reduction of mechanical ventilation‐related outcomes and dental biofilm/oral bacteria. However, pooled estimates did not identify an additional decrease of VAP incidence for any of the tested procedures (ie, toothbrushing + CHX versus swab/gauze cleaning + CHX or toothbrushing + CHX versus toothbrushing alone or + placebo). Toothbrushing does not seem to promote a reduction of VAP‐outcomes compared to swab/gauze cleaning, when topic CHX is applied for oral hygiene of patients submitted to mechanical ventilation.
Understanding and predicting sensory crispness of deep‐fried battered and breaded coatings
Authors: Voong Kha Yiu , Norton‐Welch Abigail , Mills Thomas B. , Norton Ian T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCrusted crispness refers to coatings with a dry and brittle surface contrasting a high‐moisture core; it is desirable for the enjoyment and quality of deep‐fried goods. This study aims to investigate instrumental measurements and sensory measurements of crispness. Deep‐fried breadcrumb coatings of eight sizes were investigated: 4.0 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.0 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.0 mm, 710 μm, 500 μm, and 355 μm. Sensory profiling was carried out to develop a tailored lexicon for deep‐fried battered and breaded shrimp. Principal component analysis highlights that large breadcrumb sizes correlate with crispness, hardness, particle size, surface color, color uniformity, surface irregularity, total porosity, maximum force, area, drop in force, number of sound peaks, and sound pressure level. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was used to confirm clustering of samples according to breadcrumb size. Multiple factor analysis confirmed overall correlation between sensory measurements and instrumental measurements (RV = 0.810). Partial least squares regression was used to develop a predictive model for crispness from instrumental measurements (R2 = .854). The use of texture analysis and Acoustics provide information of the structures strength and deformation behavior, while X‐ray microCT provides a high resolution and noninvasive method that acquires information on the internal morphology. These instrumental methods collectively demonstrate the relationship between microstructure to sensory. This study investigates how a change in the microstructure of deep‐fried battered and breaded coatings affect crispness perception. These changes were investigated analytically and by using a sensory panel, this is important from a manufacturing perspective in order to understand what the major contributors are to a crisp texture. The key highlights of this study include both instrumental measurements and sensory measurements can be used to measure crispness as both types of testing are correlated. Changes in the size of breadcrumbs affect both instrumental measurements and sensory measurements. A predictive model can be re‐simulated to allow prediction of crispness in deep‐fried battered and breaded coatings.
Structural changes and stress relaxation behavior of κ‐carrageenan cold‐processed gels: Effects of ultrasonication time and power
Authors: Zendeboodi Fetemeh , Farahnaky Asgar , Gholian Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUltrasound has been used for cold gelation of κ‐carrageenan hydrocolloid. In this work, the effect of ultrasound conditions such as power (50–150 W) and time (20–240 s) of sonication has been investigated. The application of ultrasound to hydrocolloid dispersion caused an increase in water solubility. The texture profile analysis test was used in order to evaluate the mechanical properties of gels. Textural parameters of κ‐carrageenan gels, enhanced with increasing sonication time and power up to a certain level (usually 2.5 min) and longer sonication times had negative effects. In addition, intrinsic viscosities of sonicated specimens were measured to investigate the molecular characteristics of all samples. An increase in the process time and power reduced the intrinsic viscosity. The microstructural observation by scanning electron microscope determined that applying power ultrasound on κ‐carrageenan dispersions influenced the formation of gel networks significantly.