bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of intertidal seascape on the functional structure of fish assemblages: Implications for habitat conservation in estuarine ecosystems
Authors: Teichert Nils , Carassou Laure , Sahraoui Yohan , Lobry Jérémy , Lepage Mario 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Habitat loss and fragmentation remain major threats in estuaries, particularly with respect to the erosion of intertidal areas that provide shelter and food resources for numerous fish species. Improving our understanding of the fauna–intertidal seascape relationship is thus of critical importance. Here, the seascapes of 24 tidal estuaries were compared at multiple spatial scales (from estuary to local) to determine how the spatial structure of intertidal patches affects the abundance of several fish functional groups.
For the majority of fish groups, our results support the statement that a large intertidal area can support high fish abundance at both of the studied scales; however, the spatial distribution of patches within estuaries, and especially the presence of large intertidal patches close to the estuary mouth, appeared to be an important feature for both marine and estuarine‐resident fish.
It was also shown that habitat fragmentation at the estuary scale is associated with a decline in the abundance of several fish groups, probably as a result of reduced intertidal suitability and accessibility. At the local scale, the area of intertidal–subtidal interface was positively related to fish densities, emphasizing the importance of fish having permanently flooded refuges close to feeding grounds.
This study provides essential insights to guide conservation and restoration actions for intertidal areas at both estuary and local scales (10–100 m2), by stressing differences in species sensitivity to seascape modification.
Robust Trajectory‐Tracking Control of a PVTOL under Crosswind
Authors: Aguilar‐Ibanez Carlos , Sira‐Ramirez Hebertt , Suarez‐Castanon Miguel S. , Garrido Ruben 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis work proposes a robust controller to solve the trajectory‐tracking control problem of planar vertical take‐off and landing (PVTOL) aircraft under crosswind. The controller combines input–output feedback linearization and active disturbance rejection control techniques. The former linearizes the PVTOL dynamics and the latter actively estimates and compensates for the crosswind effects. Numerical simulations assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Distribution and role of high‐risk human papillomavirus genotypes in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A retrospective analysis from Wenzhou, southeast China
Authors: Wang Yuli , Xue Jisen , Dai Xinyue , Chen Lulu , Li Junli , Wu Yancheng , Hu Yan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo add the growing literature on baseline of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) genotype distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) before the widespread using of HPV vaccines in Chinese mainland and to improve risk stratification of HR‐HPV–positive women. Retrospectively, the data of age, cervical HPV genotypes, cytology, and pathology were collected from 1166 patients who received loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). HPV genotypes were analyzed with Flowcytometry Fluorescence Hybridization Method. And then HPV prevalence, HR‐HPV genotype distribution and the correlation of HR‐HPV genotypes with CIN2+ (CIN2 or severer) were analyzed. The role of multiple HR‐HPV types infection with or without HPV16/18 in the pathogenesis of CIN2+ was also analyzed. The 6 most common HR‐HPV genotypes were HPV16, 58, 52, 33, 18, and 31 in descending order. Compared to HR‐HPV–negative women, HPV16, 33 or 58 positive women had higher risk of CIN2+ (OR = 5.10, 95% CI = 2.68‐9.70; OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.39‐6.84; OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.85‐6.89, respectively). And women who were infected by multiple HR‐HPV types infection with HPV16/18 also had higher risk of CIN2+ (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.35‐4.92). However, multiple HR‐HPV types infection without HPV16/18 did not increase the risk significantly (P = .08). Compare to bivalent Cervarix® and quadrivalent Gardasil®, HPV prophylactic vaccine targeting HPV31, 33, 52, and 58 might provide women more protection from HPV‐induced cervical cancer in China. The women who infected by HPV16, 33, 58, or multiple HR‐HPV types with HPV16/18 have higher risk of CIN2+ and need to be paid more attention in screening processes. And the role of multiple HR‐HPV types infection without HPV16/18 needs be further identified in more studies.
Communal coping and rumination in the aftermath of Chile earthquake: Multiple mediation analysis of the relationship between subjective severity and posttraumatic growth
Authors: García Felipe E. , Wlodarczyk Anna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCommunal coping and collective participation were recently proposed as a potential mechanism that may favour not only individual's capacity to bounce back but also community cohesion and social well‐being and posttraumatic growth in the aftermath of natural disasters. To date, there is a lack of studies simultaneously assessing the effect of communal coping strategies and cognitive strategies on the development of posttraumatic growth. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the role of communal coping strategies and cognitive strategies such as intrusive and deliberated rumination as potential mediators between subjective severity of the event and posttraumatic growth and positive adjustment in the context of natural disaster. The questionnaire was administrated to 225 people affected by the most intense earthquake recorded in Chile in this century. The results of multiple mediation analysis showed that both cognitive strategies, such as deliberative rumination, and communal coping strategies, such as communal positive reappraisal and participation in spiritual rituals, are potential mediators between subjective severity and posttraumatic growth. Overall, the present work offers researchers and professionals interested in this area of study an interesting approach to analyse individual and collective coping strategies and its interrelation.
Development of an assessment strategy in preclinical fixed prosthodontics course using virtual assessment software—Part 1
Authors: Sadid‐Zadeh Ramtin , Feigenbaum Dillon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop an assessment strategy for preclinical foxed prosthodontics using a virtual assessment software. This descriptive study examined 80 collected ivory teeth from previous classes prepared during preclinical fixed prosthodontics course. Ivory teeth prepared for the complete cast (tooth no. 46), metal ceramic (teeth nos 24 and 46), and all ceramic (tooth no. 21) crowns were scanned and superimposed with their respective standard preparations. Differences between these teeth and standard teeth prepared by faculty were computed using Compare software to generate comparison percentages. In addition, average finish line width, average total occlusal convergence, average axial wall height, and undercut presence/absence were quantified for student preparations using the software. Software‐generated values were then descriptively compared with faculty assessments. Comparison percentages aligned with faculty assessments for the amount of occlusal/incisal reduction and finish line location. The average axial wall height and finish line width calculated by Compare software were grouped based on their respective faculty assessment criteria. Software‐generated comparison percentages may be used to assess the amount of occlusal/incisal reduction and finish line location in student preparations. Additionally, averages extracted from Compare software could be used to assess student performance for axial wall height and finish line width.
Development of an assessment strategy in preclinical fixed prosthodontics course using virtual assessment software—Part 2
Authors: Sadid‐Zadeh Ramtin , Nasehi Amin , Davis Elaine , Katsavochristou Anastasia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate interrater agreement between faculty and virtual assessments of preparations for complete coverage restorations in preclinical fixed prosthodontics. Teeth prepared during preclinical fixed prosthodontics practical exams at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine were used in this study. Teeth were prepared for fabrication of complete cast, metal ceramic, and all ceramic crowns. The specimens were digitized using an intraoral scanner. Then, they were virtually superimposed on the corresponding standard preparations using Compare software. The software was used to quantify comparison percentages, average finish line widths, and average axial wall heights. Two calibrated faculty members assessed preparations for occlusal/incisal reduction, finish line location, axial wall height, and finish line width using traditional assessment forms. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to measure interrater agreement between faculty and virtual assessments. Kappa interrater agreement scores ranged between 0.83 and 0.88 for virtually assessed comparison percentages and sums of faculty‐assessed occlusal/incisal reduction and finish line location. Kappa interrater agreement score ranges were 0.64–0.94 and 0.74–0.89 for comparisons of virtual and faculty assessments for axial wall height and finish line width, respectively. Virtual assessments are similar to faculty assessments for occlusal/incisal reduction, finish line location, axial wall height, and finish line width in fixed prosthodontics and can be used as equivalent evaluations of student performance for these criteria.
Caught in the web: Spider web architecture affects prey specialization and spider–prey stoichiometric relationships
Authors: Ludwig Lorraine , Barbour Matthew A. , Guevara Jennifer , Avilés Leticia , González Angélica L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuantitative approaches to predator–prey interactions are central to understanding the structure of food webs and their dynamics. Different predatory strategies may influence the occurrence and strength of trophic interactions likely affecting the rates and magnitudes of energy and nutrient transfer between trophic levels and stoichiometry of predator–prey interactions. Here, we used spider–prey interactions as a model system to investigate whether different spider web architectures—orb, tangle, and sheet‐tangle—affect the composition and diet breadth of spiders and whether these, in turn, influence stoichiometric relationships between spiders and their prey. Our results showed that web architecture partially affects the richness and composition of the prey captured by spiders. Tangle‐web spiders were specialists, capturing a restricted subset of the prey community (primarily Diptera), whereas orb and sheet‐tangle web spiders were generalists, capturing a broader range of prey types. We also observed elemental imbalances between spiders and their prey. In general, spiders had higher requirements for both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) than those provided by their prey even after accounting for prey biomass. Larger P imbalances for tangle‐web spiders than for orb and sheet‐tangle web spiders suggest that trophic specialization may impose strong elemental constraints for these predators unless they display behavioral or physiological mechanisms to cope with nutrient limitation. Our findings suggest that integrating quantitative analysis of species interactions with elemental stoichiometry can help to better understand the occurrence of stoichiometric imbalances in predator–prey interactions.
High interspecific variation in nutrient excretion within a guild of closely related caddisfly species
Authors: Balik Jared A. , Taylor Brad W. , Washko Susan E. , Wissinger Scott A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the amount of variation in functional traits between closely related species within guilds is critical for understanding links between community composition and ecosystem processes. Nutrient excretion is an important link between animals and their environments, and aquatic invertebrate communities can supply a considerable proportion of ecosystem nutrient demand via excretion. We quantified nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) excretion rates of 10 species of larval caddisflies that inhabit high‐elevation ponds and wetlands to determine the magnitude of variation in nutrient excretion within this guild. We found considerable interspecific variation in biomass‐specific excretion of nitrogen (eightfold differences), phosphorus (sevenfold differences), and the stoichiometric N:P ratios (fivefold differences). Through a meta‐analysis, we compared the variation within this guild to the variation found in other family‐level species assemblages to determine the overall range in the variation of nutrient excretion that could be expected across guilds and to determine whether the variation in this caddisfly guild is comparatively extreme, average, or low. The meta‐analysis revealed a large range in variation among guilds, and comparatively, the variation within this caddisfly guild is high for N excretion and intermediate for P excretion. The considerable variation within guilds revealed by our meta‐analysis suggests that functional redundancy among guild members is difficult to predict. Thus, some natural or human‐caused species gains or losses within biological groupings such as guilds and trophic levels could have little or no effect on ecosystem processes, whereas others could have very large effects.
Fish movement drives spatial and temporal patterns of nutrient provisioning on coral reef patches
Authors: Francis Fiona T. , Côté Isabelle M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNutrient provisioning by animals can be a major driver of primary productivity in ecosystems. Animal‐mediated nutrient sources are particularly important in nutrient‐poor systems such as coral reefs. However, aggregations of mobile animals might lead to temporal and spatial variability in local nutrient availability, which is not well understood. In this study, we quantified how patterns of fish movement and abundance influence the stability of nitrogen provisioning on Bahamian coral reefs. We empirically measured and modeled nitrogen excretion estimates for 16 coral reef fish communities and combined these measurements with fish abundance and behavioral observations to compare reef nutrient budgets on diel, monthly, and annual time scales. Diel reef nitrogen provisioning by fishes varied greatly, with diurnal rates being on average four times greater than nocturnal rates. Diurnal rates were highly variable among reefs and were driven primarily by migratory grunts (Haemulidae) resting over reefs during the day but foraging off reefs at night. At the reef scale, overall nitrogen excretion rates were correlated with grunt abundance; however, grunt abundance could not be predicted by any reef physical characteristics. Within‐reef grunt excretion rates changed little across a 4‐month period but varied significantly over two years, indicating that nutrient supply on a patch reef is not stable over long periods of time. Quantifying how nutrient provisioning on patch reefs is linked to fish activity and movement patterns and how provisioning varies on different spatial and temporal scales is important for understanding overall patterns of primary productivity on reefs.
The complexity of interacting nutritional drivers behind food selection, a review of northern cervids
Authors: Felton Annika M. , Wam Hilde K. , Stolter Caroline , Mathisen Karen M. , Wallgren Märtha 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe research literature on food selection by large herbivores is extensive. Still, we are generally lacking in our knowledge of the influence of potentially interacting chemical contents of the food. We made a qualitative review of a systematic literature search of studies that empirically link chemical contents of food to the food selection by northern cervids (genera Alces, Capreolus, Cervus, Dama, Odocoileus, Rangifer). We found that although the majority of the 98 relevant studies measuring any given food constituent (energy, protein, fiber, minerals, plant secondary metabolites) provided support for it acting as a driver of food selection (in either a negative or positive way), there was little support for the traditional hypotheses of maximization or limitation of any single constituent. Rather, because of the animals’ need to acquire an appropriate intake of several constituents at the same time, our review highlights how new empirical studies need to focus on several food constituents in synchrony: (1) Study designs should capture sufficient variation in the content of food constituents in order to tease apart their many co‐variations; and (2) insights about nutritional drivers may be lost if one uses only composite currencies such as crude energy, crude fiber, ash, or tannins, which may mask contrasting selection patterns of the lumped constituents. Season had an apparent influence on the selection of some food constituents, particularly various fiber fractions. In contrast, our review revealed a lack of evidence that cervids more strongly select for protein in summer than they do in winter. Our overall conclusion of the review is that interacting chemical contents of food make the nutritional value of a given food type into a varying entity. To better elucidate this variation, we need new technologies that non‐invasively capture nutrient intake of free‐ranging animals, across seasons.
Crop rotational diversity increases disease suppressive capacity of soil microbiomes
Authors: Peralta Ariane L. , Sun Yanmei , McDaniel Marshall D. , Lennon Jay T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicrobiomes can aid in the protection of hosts from infection and disease, but the mechanisms underpinning these functions in complex environmental systems remain unresolved. Soils contain microbiomes that influence plant performance, including their susceptibility to disease. For example, some soil microorganisms produce antimicrobial compounds that suppress the growth of plant pathogens, which can provide benefits for sustainable agricultural management. Evidence shows that crop rotations increase soil fertility and tend to promote microbial diversity, and it has been hypothesized that crop rotations can enhance disease suppressive capacity, either through the influence of plant diversity impacting soil bacterial composition or through the increased abundance of disease suppressive microorganisms. In this study, we used a long‐term field experiment to test the effects of crop diversity through time (i.e., rotations) on soil microbial diversity and disease suppressive capacity. We sampled soil from seven treatments along a crop diversity gradient (from monoculture to five crop species rotation) and a spring fallow (non‐crop) treatment to examine crop diversity influence on soil microbiomes including bacteria that are capable of producing antifungal compounds. Crop diversity significantly influenced bacterial community composition, where the most diverse cropping systems with cover crops and fallow differed from bacterial communities in the 1–3 crop species diversity treatments. While soil bacterial diversity was about 4% lower in the most diverse crop rotation (corn–soybean–wheat + 2 cover crops) compared to monoculture corn, crop diversity increased disease suppressive functional group prnD gene abundance in the more diverse rotation by about 9% compared to monocultures. In addition, disease suppressive potential was significantly diminished in the (non‐crop) fallow treatment compared to the most diverse crop rotation treatments. The composition of the microbial community could be more important than diversity to disease suppressive function in our study. Identifying patterns in microbial diversity and ecosystem function relationships can provide insight into microbiome management, which will require manipulating soil nutrients and resources mediated through plant diversity.
Associational refuge facilitates phase shifts to macroalgae in a coral reef ecosystem
Authors: Davis Samantha L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCoral reefs are among the most diverse and productive marine ecosystems and are currently threatened by natural disturbances such as predator outbreaks and tropical storms that can facilitate community shifts from coral to macroalgae. Such shifts have received considerable attention since macroalgae are known to inhibit coral recruitment, and thus hinder or prevent recovery to the coral‐dominated state. It is critical to understand mechanisms that permit the establishment and persistence of macroalgae. Though many macroalgae are chemically and physically defended against herbivores as adults, these defenses may be lower during early life stages. One potential mechanism that could facilitate the establishment and persistence of macroalgae is an associational refuge whereby early life stages are protected from herbivory in close proximity of older, less palatable conspecifics. Using Turbinaria ornata as a model macroalga, I tested whether an associational refuge between different life stages could facilitate the establishment and long‐term persistence of Turbinaria in the lagoons of Moorea, French Polynesia. Results suggest that Turbinaria may only be limited by herbivory as recruits, which can lead to the establishment of Turbinaria if the alga survives the brief period when it is especially vulnerable to herbivores. I also tested whether vulnerable recruits experience a refuge from herbivory when they are associated with relatively unpalatable adults, and found that survival of recruits was higher when they were associated with adults than when alone. I also found that the value of a refuge can be spatially variable because the association with adults has a growth and survivorship cost to recruits where herbivory was low. These mechanisms can promote persistent macroalgal assemblages and limit the capacity of herbivores to control macroalgae and reverse a phase shift.
Investigating the impact of primary care payments on underdiagnosis in dementia: A difference‐in‐differences analysis
Authors: Mason Anne , Liu Dan , Kasteridis Panagiotis , Goddard Maria , Jacobs Rowena , Wittenberg Raphael , McGonigal Gerard 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveIn England, two primary care incentive schemes were introduced to increase dementia diagnosis rates to two‐thirds of expected levels. This study assesses the effectiveness of these schemes.MethodsWe used a difference‐in‐differences framework to analyse the individual and collective impacts of the incentive schemes: (1) Directed Enhanced Service 18 (DES18: facilitating timely diagnosis of and support for dementia) and (2) the Dementia Identification Scheme (DIS). The dataset included 7529 English general practices, of which 7142 were active throughout the 10‐year study period (April 2006 to March 2016). We controlled for a range of factors, including a contemporaneous hospital incentive scheme for dementia. Our dependent variable was the percentage of expected cases that was recorded on practice dementia registers (the “rate”).ResultsFrom March 2013 to March 2016, the mean rate rose from 51.8% to 68.6%. Both DES18 and DIS had positive and significant effects. In practices participating in the DES18 scheme, the rate increased by 1.44 percentage points more than the rate for non‐participants; DIS had a larger effect, with an increase of 3.59 percentage points. These combined effects increased dementia registers nationally by an estimated 40 767 individuals. Had all practices fully participated in both schemes, the corresponding number would have been 48 685.ConclusionThe primary care incentive schemes appear to have been effective in closing the gap between recorded and expected prevalence of dementia, but the hospital scheme had no additional discernible effect. This study contributes additional evidence that financial incentives can motivate improved performance in primary care.