bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shooting at the poachers while the rhinos drown: Managing short‐ and long‐term threats to endangered wildlife in conservation reserves
Authors: Ranjan Ram 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper addresses management challenges associated with conserving endangered wildlife facing multiple threats from illegal poaching, habitat encroachment, and climate and land‐use change‐induced flooding. While poaching and encroachment challenges in conservation parks are of immediate nature, climate‐related risks exist in the long term. The park manager faces a utility function that includes as its arguments local community’s incomes, benefits to the larger society from preserving threatened species and the financial costs of monitoring and land‐use change efforts. Using the case of single‐horned rhinos in the Kaziranga National Park, India, an optimal mix of monitoring and land‐use changes is designed in presence of tradeoffs between short‐ and long‐term management efforts. As monitoring only addresses immediate challenges associated with poaching and encroachment, long‐term climatic risks remain ignored. Land‐use management offers risk‐protection as well as risk‐insurance benefits with respect to climate change‐induced flooding of the park.Recommendations for Resource Managers

It is important to incorporate both short‐ and long‐term risks posed to endangered wildlife while investing in conservation efforts. There may exist a tradeoff between mitigating short‐ and long‐run risks due to financial and physical resource constraints. However, ignoring long‐term risks to wildlife habitats can jeopardize past conservation efforts.
Land‐use management, both within and outside of conservation reserves, enhances resilience to climatic shocks through reducing flooding risks and must be an essential part of wildlife conservation efforts.
Conservation efforts ignoring local community welfare considerations can become suboptimal as they lead to reduced cooperation and potential conflicts. When wildlife conservation efforts account for local community welfare implications, optimal management plans could result in lower species abundance in the short term. However, increasing the park size through additional land enrollment can mitigate some of this tradeoff.
Opaque transparency: How material affordances shape intermediary work
Authors: Avidan Miron , Etzion Dror , Gehman Joel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHow do the material aspects of intermediary work affect regulators, targets, and beneficiaries? To shed light on this question, we studied an information intermediary in the form of a website and the organizations who founded it. Specifically, we analyzed FracFocus, a self‐regulatory initiative with strong industry ties, charged with disclosing data pertaining to the chemicals used in oil and gas wells completed using hydraulic fracturing technology (fracking) in the United States and Canada. We found that between 2010 and mid‐2017, the vast majority of legislation in states and provinces where fracking actively occurred was updated to mandate or encourage disclosure via FracFocus, meaning that it had a considerable effect on the trajectory of official regulation on fracking disclosure. We also found that FracFocus disclosed important data but did so in a manner that limited accessibility and reduced the comprehensibility of environmental and public health risks to beneficiaries. Our analysis suggests that the public's experience of such a device is one of opaque transparency, in which the line between official and non‐official regulation is blurred. We traced these outcomes to the material affordances created by FracFocus.
Out of tune or well tempered? How competition agencies direct the orchestrating state
Authors: Lelieveldt Herman 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article analyzes the impact competition agencies have on the orchestrating role of states in domestic private regulation. I argue that these agencies can significantly affect interactions in the governance triangle through the way they apply a “logic of the market” to evaluate agreements between firms. The regulatory framework of European Union competition law has increasingly constrained the ability of firms to take into account broader interests when making agreements to foster social objectives. This logic of the market clashes with the ever‐increasing emphasis governments place on enabling firms to enter into such agreements. I analyze this tension through a case study of a pact of Dutch retailers to collectively introduce higher animal welfare standards for poultry. Using regulatory network analysis I trace the governance interactions between the governance triangle on the one hand (government, non‐governmental organizations, and firms), and the Dutch competition authority, Autoriteit Consument en Markt (ACM) and the European Commission on the other hand. Attempts by the Dutch government to instruct the ACM to be more lenient toward private regulation were blocked twice by the European Commission. As a result, the Dutch government abandoned private regulation as the preferred mode and proposed a bottom‐up process that would generate public regulation as a way to avoid conflict with competition policy. I argue that paradoxically enough the intervention of these non‐majoritarian competition agencies against the “will” of the governance triangle has potentially increased the effectiveness and legitimacy of orchestration processes.
Oral hygiene and dentition status in children and adults with hemophilia: A case–control study
Authors: Kumar Mathangi , Pai Keerthilatha M. , Kurien Annamma , Vineetha Ravindranath 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground & objectivesPeople with hemophilia constitute a significant proportion of the population and an oral health care professional faces a considerable challenge while treating them. This study aimed to assess the oral health and dentition status as well as fear of dental treatment in patients with hemophilia and compare it with age‐matched healthy subjects.Patients & methodsThis single‐center, case‐control cross‐sectional study was performed on 100 subjects with hemophilia and 100 age‐matched healthy controls. Oral health and dentition status was recorded for all the subjects and scored using the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI‐S), plaque index, and the dmft/DMFT index.ResultsThere were a total of 41 children and 59 adults in the hemophilia group and 36 children and 64 adults in the healthy group. When compared to healthy subjects it was observed that individuals with hemophilia had higher debris and calculus scores which was indicative of poor orodental status. There was no significant difference observed in the DMFT scores among the study groups.Interpretation & conclusionsThe oral hygiene of the hemophilics was poorer when compared to the healthy controls. The findings highlight the need for establishing interdisciplinary care for such individuals.
Evidentiary needs of US public health departments with a mission to advance equity and health: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Narain Kimberly Danae Cauley , Zimmerman Frederick J , Richards Jessica , Fielding Jonathan , Cole Brian , Teutsch Steven , Rhoads Natalie 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesWe sought the perspectives of lead public health officials working to improve health equity in the USA regarding the drivers of scientific evidence use, the supply of scientific evidence and the gap between their evidentiary needs and the available scientific evidence.DesignWe conducted 25 semistructured qualitative interviews (April 2017 to June 2017) with lead public health officials and their designees. All interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed.SettingPublic health departments from all geographical regions in the USA.ParticipantsParticipants included lead public health officials (20) and their designees (5) from public health departments that were either accredited or part of the Big Cities Health Coalition.ResultsMany respondents were using scientific evidence in the context of grant writing. Professional organisations and government agencies, rather than specific researchers or research journals, were the primary sources of scientific evidence. Respondents wanted to see more locally tailored cost-effectiveness research and often desired to participate in the planning phase of research projects. In addition to the scientific content recommendations, respondents felt the usefulness of scientific evidence could be improved by simplifying it and framing it for diverse audiences including elected officials and community stakeholders.ConclusionsRespondents are eager to use scientific evidence but also need to have it designed and packaged in ways that meet their needs.
Changes in NHS Major Incident management and their relevance to the Defence Medical Services
Authors: Gurney Ian , Horne S , Wright C 
Published: September 2018

High-profile Major Incidents in the UK civilian setting in the last few years have appropriately raised awareness of the principles and frameworks involved in the design of reliable response systems. The introduction of the Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Principles in tandem with increased investment in Major Incident Planning has supported practitioners to successfully respond to high numbers of incidents.Defence Medical Services personnel are increasingly being asked to deploy to resource-limited'contingency'settings where much of the established guidance relating to Major Incident response requires reconsideration and modification in the face of severely constrained space, manpower and equipment.This editorial seeks to review contemporary theories and principles of Major Incident response and discuss how military medical personnel may need to adapt these to address the various Major Incident challenges that they may face on operations.
Combination of baicalein and docetaxel additively inhibits the growth of non-small cell lung cancer in vivo
Authors: Lu Linwei , Zhao Zhengxiao , Liu Lumei , Gong Weiyi , Dong Jingcheng 
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the combination of baicalein and docetaxel on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vivo. Methods: The subcutaneous model was established by inoculation of A549 cells, and then these tumor-bearing mice were randomly assigned to eight groups to receive normal saline (NS) as control, baicalein alone, Taxotere[Formula: see text] (docetaxel injection) alone or the combination of baicalein and Taxotere[Formula: see text]. The effect of the combination treatment was evaluated by [Formula: see text] value. Tumors were harvested for TUNEL and CD31 immunohistochemical staining and important organs for H&E staining. Results: Baicalein 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg plus docetaxel 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg significantly reduced tumor weight and inhibited the growth rate of tumor, displaying the additive effect indicated by the [Formula: see text] value. Increased apoptosis and decreased tumor angiogenesis also provided pathological evidence. Additionally, baicalein 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg plus docetaxel 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg did not increase toxicity in lung, liver and kidney. Conclusion: Baicalein 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg plus docetaxel 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg additively inhibits the growth of NSCLC in vivo, and the mechanism underlying remains to be discovered.
Landscape of Acquired Resistance to Osimertinib in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC and Clinical Validation of Combined EGFR and RET Inhibition with Osimertinib and BLU-667 for Acquired RET Fusion
Authors: Piotrowska Zofia , Isozaki Hideko , Lennerz Jochen K. , Gainor Justin F. , Lennes Inga T. , Zhu Viola W. , Marcoux Nicolas , Banwait Mandeep K. , Digumarthy Subba R. , Su Wenjia , Yoda Satoshi , Riley Amanda K. , Nangia Varuna , Lin Jessica J. , Nagy Rebecca J. , Lanman Richard B. , Dias-Santagata Dora , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Iafrate A. John , Heist Rebecca S. , Shaw Alice T. , Evans Erica K. , Clifford Corinne , Ou Sai-Hong I. , Wolf Beni , Hata Aaron N. , Sequist Lecia V. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

We present a cohort of 41 patients with osimertinib resistance biopsies, including 2 with an acquired CCDC6–RET fusion. Although RET fusions have been identified in resistant EGFR-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), their role in acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors is not well described. To assess the biological implications of RET fusions in an EGFR-mutant cancer, we expressed CCDC6–RET in PC9 (EGFR del19) and MGH134 (EGFR L858R/T790M) cells and found that CCDC6–RET was sufficient to confer resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). The selective RET inhibitors BLU-667 and cabozantinib resensitized CCDC6–RET-expressing cells to EGFR inhibition. Finally, we treated 2 patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC and RET-mediated resistance with osimertinib and BLU-667. The combination was well tolerated and led to rapid radiographic response in both patients. This study provides proof of concept that RET fusions can mediate acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs and that combined EGFR and RET inhibition with osimertinib/BLU-667 may be a well-tolerated and effective treatment strategy for such patients.

Significance:
The role of RET fusions in resistant EGFR-mutant cancers is unknown. We report that RET fusions mediate resistance to EGFR inhibitors and demonstrate that this bypass track can be effectively targeted with a selective RET inhibitor (BLU-667) in the clinic.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1494
Status of raptors in the Moyar River Valley, Western Ghats, India
Authors: Anoop N.R. , Babu S. , Bharathidasan S. , Nagarajan R. 
Published: September 2018

This study examined the species composition and nest-tree characteristics of diurnal raptors in the tropical forests of Moyar Valley, Western Ghats between December 2012 and March 2013. We recorded 28 species of raptors including three species of vultures. Accipitridae was the dominant family comprising of 25 species followed by two from Falconidae and the monotypic Pandionidae. Among them, eight species fall under various threatened category: three Critically Endangered, one Endangered, two Vulnerable and two Near Threatened. The Critically Endangered Gyps bengalensis was frequently recorded during the survey (175 sightings) followed by Milvus migrans (39 sightings) and Haliastur indus (27 sightings). We located 53 active nests of four species of raptors, viz., Gyps bengalensis (42 nests), Nisaetus cirrhatus (4 nests), Haliastur indus (4 nests), and Milvus migrans (3 nests). A notable difference in the nest-tree characteristics among the sympatric raptors was observed. These results would be important to identify priority areas for developing future conservation and management programs for the long-term conservation of raptorial birds in the Western Ghats.
An extended distribution record of Western Ghats species Litsea oleoides (Meissn.) Hook.f. (Lauraceae) from Matheran, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Veach Radha , Hegde Gurumurthi 
Published: September 2018

In the course of floristic explorations in the hill station of Matheran of Maharashtra, authors collected an interesting specimen of a Litsea. After critical examination and comparing specimens with all available collections in various herbaria including Kew, the tree was identified as Litsea oleoides (Meissn.) Hook.f., an endemic species of wet evergreen forests in South India, hitherto not reported from Maharashtra. Same is reported here with notes on its distribution and phenology.
The gilled mushroom Amanita spissacea (Amanitaceae): a new report for India
Authors: Lalrinawmi Hmar , Zothanzama John , Held Benjamin W. , Vabeikhokhei Josiah M.C. , . Zohmangaiha , Blanchette Robert 
Published: September 2018

Mizoram is regarded as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the World owing to the diverse group of flora and fauna documented here. Information regarding the macrofungi, however, is very limited. For this reason, a systematic study of mushrooms from Mizoram was undertaken and during the field survey, Amanita spissacea was collected and identified. This is the first report of this mushroom from India. This species was identified on the basis of its morphological and microscopic characteristics as well as molecular characterization of the ITS region of rDNA. Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed that A. spissacea was a distinct species from A. fritillaria, A. sepiacea, A. citrina and other closely related species Amanita section Valideae.
Species composition and abundance estimates of reptiles in selected agroecosystems in southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Jayakumar Abhirami Mini , Nameer Paingamadathil Ommer 
Published: September 2018

Species composition and abundance of reptiles in selected agroecosystems in Thrissur plains, near Palghat Gap, southern Western Ghats in India, was studied from January 2017 to May 2017. The agroecosystems surveyed were coconut, cashew & rubber plantations, home garden, paddy field, and botanical garden. Time-constrained visual encounter surveys of a total effort of 360 man-hours were done in the field. Coconut and cashew plantations reported the highest species richness with 11 species each, while the highest number of sightings (159) were recorded from botanical garden. Bronze Grass Skink Eutropis macularia was the most abundant species in agroecosystems. Correspondence analysis was done to compare the reptilian diversity in the agroecosystems. The reptile fauna of home garden and paddy field were found to be more distinct than the rest of the agroecosystems. A total of 17 species of reptiles were recorded during the study, thus highlighting the significance of agroecosystems in acting as important buffer landscapes for reptiles.
Inventory of prong-gilled mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) of India with records of endemic taxa
Authors: Selvakumar C. , Chandra Kailash , Sivaramakrishnan K. G. 
Published: September 2018

The present study investigated leptophlebiid mayfly in 48 sampling sites from 11 states and one union territory of India including earlier report. It deals with diagnostic characters, diversity, distribution and status of 26 species belonging to 12 genera under two subfamilies of Leptophlebiidae from India. Twenty-three of them are endemic to India inclusive of 15 species and six genera are endemic to the Western Ghats and four species are endemic to the Himalaya. Due to this high percentage of endemism, conservation of habitats and microhabitats harbouring this ancient gondwanan lineage gains priority.
Dietary assessment of five species of anuran tadpoles from northern Odisha, India
Authors: Asrafuzzaman Syed , Mahapatra Susmita , Rout Jasmin , Sahoo Gunanidhi 
Published: September 2018

Anuran tadpoles are gregarious predators capable of differentiating food items among diverse types of prey via varied feeding and oral structures. Tadpoles were collected from different study sites in three districts of northern Odisha during three consecutive rainy seasons (from July–October of 2015–2017). After morphometric measurements (total length and body length), the stomach contents of 75 tadpoles belonging to five different anuran species (Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Fejervarya orissaensis, Polypedates maculatus and Microhyla ornata) belonging to four families namely Bufonidae, Dicroglossidae, Rhacophoridae and Microhylidae were examined. The food spectrum of tadpoles included mostly detritus, followed by phytoplankton (represented by 5 classes and 54 genera). Such studies contribute to the understanding of the natural diets of these anuran species that can assist in developing management strategies for them. Aquatic habitats must be conserved and maintained so that conservation of anurans can be ensured.
Foraging habits of the Red Fox Vulpes vulpes (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) in the Himalaya, India
Authors: Maheshwari Aishwarya 
Published: September 2018

This study attempts to investigate reason behind the diurnal behavior of nocturnal red fox and found availability of domestic fowls and young ones of the sheep/ goats during daytime. Free ranging fowls (n=230; an average 57.5 per year) and inattentive young ones of sheep/ goats (n=74; an average 18.5 per year) were the most vulnerable to for red fox predation. This study concludes that diurnal behavior could be due to reduce intense competition with large predators such as snow leopard and wolf, during night time and the freedom from human harassment in preying upon inattentive livestock.
Distribution and population status of Sambar Rusa unicolor (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae) from Aravalli landscape with a note on its first record from Aravalli Hills of Haryana, India
Authors: Jain Paridhi , Bhasin Anchal , Talukdar Gautam , Habib Bilal 
Published: September 2018

Sambar is the most widespread deer in Southeastern Asia and is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. In this communication, we report the results of an extensive literature review and camera trapping to present the historic and current distribution of Sambar in Aravalli Mountain region. The records state that the species is nearly exterminated in the protected areas of Gujarat Aravalli and bordering areas of Rajasthan, although a sizable population still survives in northern and central Aravalli (Pali-Rajasamand-Udaipur & Alwar-Sawai Madhopur region). We also report the first record of Sambar from the Aravalli Hill region of Haryana.
Prostaglandin E
2
Receptor 2 Modulates Macrophage Activity for Cardiac Repair
Authors: Wu Jasmine M. F. , Cheng Yuan‐Yuan , Tang Tony W. H. , Shih Crystal , Chen Jyh‐Hong , Hsieh Patrick C. H. 
Published: September 2018

Background

Prostaglandin E
2
has long been known to be an immune modulator. It is released after tissue injury and plays a role in modulating macrophage activities, which are essential for tissue regeneration. However, the involvement of prostaglandin E
2
receptor 2 (
EP
2)–dependent regulation of macrophages in postischemic heart is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the role of
EP
2 in damaged heart.

Methods and Results

The effect of
EP
2 in postischemic heart was evaluated using
EP
2‐deficient transgenic mice. We demonstrated that cardiac function was worse after myocardial injury on loss of
EP
2. Furthermore,
EP
2 deficiency also altered proinflammatory response and resulted in a defect in macrophage recruitment to the injured myocardium. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (
Erdr1
) was significantly induced in
EP
2‐deficient macrophages. Knocking down
Erdr1
expression restored migration ability of
EP
2‐deficient cells both in vitro and in vivo. By using a genetic fate‐mapping approach, we showed that abolishment of

EP
2

expression effectively attenuated cell replenishment.

Conclusions

The EP
2‐dependent signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating macrophage recruitment to the injured myocardium, thereby exerting a function in modulating the inflammatory microenvironment for cardiac repair.