bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five-Fold Variation Among Surgeons and Hospitals in the Use of Secondary Palate Surgery
Authors: Sitzman Thomas J. , Carle Adam C. , Heaton Pamela C. , Helmrath Michael A. , Britto Maria T. 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To identify child-, surgeon- and hospital-specific factors at the time of primary cleft palate repair that are associated with the use of secondary palate surgery. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Forty-nine pediatric hospitals. Participants: Children who underwent cleft palate repair between 1998 and 2015. Main Outcome Measure: Time from primary cleft palate repair to secondary palate surgery. Results: By 5 years after the primary palate repair, 27.5% of children had undergone secondary palate surgery. In multivariable analysis, cleft type and age at primary palate repair were both associated with secondary surgery ( P < .01). Children with unilateral cleft lip and palate had a 1.69-fold increased hazard of secondary surgery (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54-1.85) compared to children with cleft palate alone. Primary palate repair before 9 months had a 3.99-fold increased hazard of secondary surgery (95% CI: 3.39-4.07) compared to repair at 16 to 24 months of age. After adjusting for cleft type, age at repair, and procedure volume, there remained substantial variation in secondary surgery use among surgeons and hospitals ( P < .01). For children with isolated cleft palate, the predicted proportion of children undergoing secondary surgery within 5 years of primary repair ranged from 8.5% to 46.0% across surgeons and 9.1% to 49.4% across hospitals. Conclusions: There are substantial differences among surgeons and hospitals in the rates of secondary palate surgery. Further work is needed to identify causes for this variation among providers and develop interventions to reduce the need for secondary surgery.
Housing Inequality: The Need for a Shift in Public Policy Intervention
Authors: Filandri Marianna , Semi Giovanni 
Published: September 2018

On the night of 14 June 2017, a 24-storey skyscraper in North Kensington, London, caught fire, leaving 71 people dead and hundreds homeless. Grenfell Tower was a public housing block, built in the early 1970s in Brutalist style, which underwent a controversial refurbishment in 2016. This tragedy in one of the richest areas of one of the richest cities on earth points to a contemporary paradox: the need for more affordable housing is far from being behind us and, indeed, is returning to the fore as a social problem. Our starting point is that housing policies in most European societies have gradually reduced their scope and, breaking with the post-war tradition of cross-class mass housing, are now limited to supporting the more vulnerable households. One of the many effects of this public policy transformation is that public intervention is now conceived as marginal, leaving the market as the main vehicle for service provision (housing, in this case). A second effect can be seen in public facility maintenance: cost cutting has trumped improvements. The Grenfell Tower fire draws attention to several aspects. Here, we will focus on three: the rise of a homeowners’ society, the link between social inequalities and housing, and the financialization of housing. The article suggests the need for a radical shift in housing policies, tackling the nexus between inequality reproduction, extraction mechanisms, and living conditions.
Do guidelines provide evidence-based guidance to health professionals on promoting developmentally appropriate chronic condition self-management in children? A systematic review
Authors: Saxby Nicole , Beggs Sean , Kariyawasam Nadish , Battersby Malcolm , Lawn Sharon 
Published: September 2018

Objectives To determine whether evidence-based practice guidelines promote developmentally appropriate chronic condition self-management for children with asthma, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and cystic fibrosis. Methods Systematic review of clinical guidelines current as at 22 September 2017, including assessment of quality of each guideline using the iCAHE ‘Guideline Quality Checklist’, and mapping of the supporting evidence. Results Fifteen guidelines were identified: asthma ( n=7) and type 1 diabetes mellitus ( n=7), CF ( n=1). Guideline quality was variable, and 11 different grading systems were used. In total, there were 28 recommendations promoting age/developmental considerations. Recommendations focused on: collaboration ( n=15), chronic condition self-management education ( n= 17), clinicians’ skills ( n= 4); personalized action plans ( n=3), problem-solving ( n=2); and the assessment of children’s chronic condition self-management needs ( n=3). Developmental transitions are highlighted as important time points in some guidelines: preschool ( n=2), and adolescence ( n=3). All guidelines encouraged triadic partnerships between children, adult caregivers and clinicians. Evidence supporting the developmental aspects of the guidelines’ recommendations was poor; only 14 out of 57 journals listed as evidence were concordant. Discussion Current guidelines articulate that developmentally appropriate chronic condition self-management is important; however, more work needs to be done to translate the concept into practical clinical tools.
Impact of meteorological conditions on the incidence of acute aortic dissection
Authors: Majd Payman , Madershahian Navid , Sabashnikov Anton , Weber Carolyn , Ahmad Wael , Weymann Alexander , Heinen Stephanie , Merkle Julia , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Wippermann Jens , Brunkwall Jan , Wahlers Thorsten 
Published: September 2018

Background: There is still much controversy about whether meteorological conditions influence the occurrence of acute aortic dissection (AAD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible correlation between atmospheric pressure, temperature, lunar cycle and the event of aortic dissection in our patient population. Methods: The clinical data for 348 patients with AAD (73% type Stanford A) were confronted with the meteorological data provided by the Cologne weather station over the same period. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between meteorological parameters on days of AAD events compared with control days. A logistic regression model showed that air pressure (odds ratio [OR] 1.004, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.991–1.017, p = 0.542), air temperature (OR 0.978, 95% CI 0.949–1.008, p = 0.145), season ( p = 0.918) and month of the event ( p = 0.175) as well as presence of full moon (OR 1.579, 95% CI 0.763–3.270, p = 0.219) were not able to predict AAD events. Also, no predictive power of meteorological data and season was found on analysing their impact on different types of AAD events. Conclusions: Our study did not reveal any dependence of atmospheric pressure, air temperature or the presence of full moon on the incidence of different types of AAD.
Trends and Epidemiologic Factors Contributing to Soccer-Related Fractures That Presented to Emergency Departments in the United States
Authors: Kuczinski Ashley , Newman Jared M. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Sodhi Nipun , Doran James P. , Khlopas Anton , Beyer George A. , Paulino Carl B. , Mont Michael A. 
Published: September 2018

Background: Understanding the risks and trends of soccer-related injuries may prove beneficial in creating preventative strategies against season-ending injuries. Hypothesis: Soccer-related fractures will have decreased over the past 7 years. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried to identify soccer-related injuries from 2010 through 2016. The sum of the weighted values provided in the NEISS database was used to determine injury frequency and allowed us to estimate the incidence and annual trends of soccer-related fractures. The estimated annual number of hospital admissions resulting from each fracture location was calculated. Statistical analyses were performed, and a linear regression was used to analyze the annual injury trends, reported as the correlation coefficient. Results: Over the 6-year period, there were an estimated 1,590,365 soccer-related injuries. The estimated annual frequency of soccer-related injuries slightly increased from 225,910 in 2010 to 226,150 in 2016 ( P = 0.477). The most common injuries were sprains/strains (32.4%), followed by fractures (20.4%). Fractures at the wrist were the most common (18%), while upper leg fractures were the most common soccer-related fractures to be admitted to the hospital (51.6%). The annual trends of the most common soccer-related fractures demonstrated increases in shoulder ( r = 0.740; R2 = 0.547; P = 0.057) and wrist ( r = 0.308; R2 = 0.095; P = 0.502) fractures. There were no significant changes in the trends of soccer-related fractures of the lower arm ( r = 0.009; R2 = 7.3 × 10−5; P = 0.986), finger ( r = 0.679; R2 = 0.460; P = 0.094), lower leg ( r = 0.153; R2 = 0.024; P = 0.743), ankle ( r = 0.650; R2 = 0.422; P = 0.114), toe ( r = 0.417; R2 = 0.174; P = 0.353), or foot ( r = 0.485; R2 = 0.235; P = 0.270). Conclusion: Despite the reported growing number of soccer players in the United States, the overall number of soccer-related injuries has remained relatively stable. Overall, 60% of reported fractures occurred in the upper extremity, with the wrist being the most common site, while lower extremity fractures were the most likely to lead to hospital admission. Clinical Relevance: This study offers an overview of the most common types of fractures that affect soccer players and may prove beneficial in creating preventative strategies against season-ending injuries.
Obesity and hemoglobin content impact peak oxygen uptake in human heart failure
Authors: Van Iterson Erik H , Kim Chul-Ho , Uithoven Katelyn , Olson Thomas P 
Published: September 2018

Background Exercise intolerance, obesity, and low hemoglobin (hemoglobin<13 and <12 g/dl, men/women, respectively) are common features of heart failure. Despite serving as potent contributors to metabolic dysfunction, the impact of obesity and low hemoglobin on exercise intolerance is unknown. This study tested the hypotheses, compared with non-obese (NO) heart failure with normal hemoglobin, (a) counterparts with low hemoglobin and obesity or non-obesity will demonstrate reduced peak exercise oxygen uptake; (b) obese with normal hemoglobin will demonstrate decreased peak exercise oxygen uptake; (c) compared across stratifications, obese with low hemoglobin will demonstrate the sharpest decrement in peak exercise oxygen uptake. Methods Adults with heart failure ( n = 315; left ventricular ejection fraction≤40%; 77% men) (Group 1: normal hemoglobin and non-obese, n = 137; Group 2: low hemoglobin and non-obese, n = 51; Group 3: normal hemoglobin+obesity, n = 89; Group 4, n = 38: low hemoglobin+obesity; body mass index = 26 ± 3, 26 ± 2, 34 ± 4, 34 ± 4 kg/m2, respectively) completed treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing as part of routine clinical management. Peak exercise oxygen uptake was measured via standard metabolic system. Results There were no group-wise differences for heart failure class, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction, and resting cardiopulmonary function. Group 1 demonstrated increased peak exercise oxygen uptake versus Groups 2–4 (20 ± 6 versus 17 ± 6, 17 ± 5, 13 ± 4 ml/kg/min, respectively; all p < 0.001); whereas Group 4 peak exercise oxygen uptake was reduced versus all groups ( p < 0.001). Additionally, both body mass index (R2 = 0.10) and hemoglobin (R2 = 0.12) were significant predictors of peak exercise oxygen uptake in Group 1; which were relationships not mirrored for Groups 2–4. Conclusion These data suggest obesity together with low hemoglobin are potent contributors to impaired peak exercise oxygen uptake and, hence, oxidative metabolic capacity. In diverse populations of heart failure where obesity and/or low hemoglobin are present, it is important to consider these features together when interpreting peak exercise oxygen uptake and underlying exercise limitations.
SKI controls MDS-associated chronic TGF-β signaling, aberrant splicing, and stem cell fitness
Authors: Muench David E. , Ferchen Kyle , Velu Chinavenmeni S. , Pradhan Kith , Chetal Kashish , Chen Xiaoting , Weirauch Matthew T. , Colmenares Clemencia , Verma Amit , Salomonis Nathan , Grimes H. Leighton 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway controls hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) behavior in the marrow niche; however, TGF-β signaling becomes chronic in early-stage myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Although TGF-β signaling normally induces negative feedback, in early-stage MDS, high levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21) contribute to chronic TGF-β signaling. We found that a TGF-β signal–correlated gene signature is sufficient to identify an MDS patient population with abnormal RNA splicing (eg, CSF3R) independent of splicing factor mutations and coincident with low HNRNPK activity. Levels of SKI messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding a TGF-β antagonist are sufficient to identify these patients. However, MDS patients with high SKI mRNA and chronic TGF-β signaling lack SKI protein because of miR-21 activity. To determine the impact of SKI loss, we examined murine Ski−/− HSC function. First, competitive HSC transplants revealed a profound defect in stem cell fitness (competitive disadvantage) but not specification, homing, or multilineage production. Aged recipients of Ski−/− HSCs exhibited mild phenotypes similar to phenotypes in those with macrocytic anemia. Second, blastocyst complementation revealed a dramatic block in Ski−/− hematopoiesis in the absence of transplantation. Similar to SKI-high MDS patient samples, Ski−/− HSCs strikingly upregulated TGF-β signaling and deregulated expression of spliceosome genes (including Hnrnpk). Moreover, novel single-cell splicing analyses demonstrated that Ski−/− HSCs and high levels of SKI expression in MDS patient samples share abnormal alternative splicing of common genes (including those that encode splicing factors). We conclude that miR-21–mediated loss of SKI activates TGF-β signaling and alternative splicing to impair the competitive advantage of normal HSCs (fitness), which could contribute to selection of early-stage MDS-genic clones.
Feeling useless: the effect of unemployment on mental health in the Great Recession
Authors: Farré Lídia , Fasani Francesco , Mueller Hannes 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article documents a strong connection between unemployment and mental distress using data from the Spanish National Health Survey. We exploit the collapse of the construction sector to identify the causal effect of job losses in different segments of the Spanish labor market. Our results suggest that an increase of the unemployment rate by 10 percentage points due to the breakdown in construction raised reported poor health and mental disorders in the affected population by 3 percentage points, respectively. We argue that the size of this effect responds to the fact that the construction sector was at the center of the economic recession. As a result, workers exposed to the negative labor demand shock faced very low chances of re-entering employment. We show that this led to long unemployment spells, stress, hopelessness, and feelings of uselessness. These effects point towards a potential channel for unemployment hysteresis.
Longitudinal assessment of an anti-stigma campaign related to common mental disorders in rural India
Authors: Maulik Pallab K. , Devarapalli Siddhardha , Kallakuri Sudha , Tripathi Anadya Prakash , Koschorke Mirja , Thornicroft Graham 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundStigma related to mental health and lack of trained mental health professionals is a major cause for an increased treatment gap, particularly in rural India. The Systematic Medical Appraisal, Referral and Treatment (SMART) Mental Health project delivered a complex intervention involving task sharing, an anti-stigma campaign and use of technology-based, decision-support tools to empower primary care workers to identify and manage depression, anxiety, stress and suicide risk.AimsThe aim of this article is to report changes in stigma perceptions over three time points in the rural communities where the anti-stigma campaign was conducted.MethodA multimedia-based anti-stigma campaign was conducted over a 3-month period in the West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Following that, the primary care-based mental health service was delivered for 1 year. The anti-stigma campaign was evaluated in two villages and data were captured at three time points over a 24-month period (N = 1417): before and after delivery of the campaign and after completion of the health services delivery intervention. Standardised tools captured data on knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards mental health as well as perceptions related to help seeking for mental illnesses.ResultsMost knowledge, attitude and behaviour scores improved over the three time points. Overall mean scores on stigma perceptions related to help seeking improved by −0.375 (minimum/maximum of −2.7/2.4, s.d. 0.519, P < 0.001) during this time. Loss to follow-up was 10%.ConclusionsThe data highlight the positive effects of an anti-stigma campaign over a 2-year period.Declaration of interestNone.
The Natural History of Adrenal Insufficiency in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: An International Collaboration
Authors: Huffnagel Irene C , Laheji Fiza K , Aziz-Bose Razina , Tritos Nicholas A , Marino Rose , Linthorst Gabor E , Kemp Stephan , Engelen Marc , Eichler Florian 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Context
Primary adrenal insufficiency is an important clinical manifestation of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Other manifestations include spinal cord disease and/or inflammatory demyelinating cerebral disease. Implementation of newborn screening requires natural history data to develop follow-up recommendations.

Objective
To delineate the natural history of adrenal insufficiency in male patients with ALD and to assess associations between the risk for developing adrenal insufficiency, spinal cord disease, or cerebral disease and plasma C26:0/C22:0 and C24:0/C22:0 ratios, which are diagnostic biomarkers for ALD.

Design
Retrospective review of medical records.

Setting
Two international tertiary referral centers of expertise for ALD.

Patients
Male patients with ALD followed at the centers between 2002 and 2016.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary endpoint was adrenal insufficiency; secondary endpoints were spinal cord and cerebral disease.

Results
Data on 159 male patients was available. The probability of developing adrenal insufficiency was described with survival analysis. Median time until adrenal insufficiency was 14 years (95% CI, 9.70 to 18.30 years). The cumulative proportion of patients who developed adrenal insufficiency was age-dependent and highest in early childhood [0 to 10 years, 46.8% (SEM 0.041%); 11 to 40 years, 28.6% (SEM, 0.037%); &gt;40 years, 5.6% (SEM, 0.038%)]. No association between clinical manifestations and plasma ratios was detected with Cox model or Spearman correlation.

Conclusions
Lifetime prevalence of adrenal insufficiency in male patients with ALD is ~80%. Adrenal insufficiency risk is time-dependent and warrants age-dependent follow-up. Besides on-demand testing if symptoms manifest, we suggest a minimum of adrenal testing every 4 to 6 months for patients age ≤10 years, annual testing for those age 11 to 40 years, and solely on-demand testing for those age &gt;40 years.
O Percepção de risco a partir do programa defesa civil na escola em Blumenau
Authors: Ribas de Oliveira Fernanda , De Azevedo Ouriques Juliana Mary , Schramm Correia Luciana 
Published: September 2018

Nacionalmente conhecida pelo histórico de inundações e deslizamentos, Blumenau, localizada no Vale do Itajaí, em Santa Catarina, Brasil, registrou desde a sua fundação, em 1850, 92 inundações, além dos movimentos de massa que atingem todas as regiões do município. Diante de sucessivos registros que ocasionaram danos materiais e perdas humanas, foi necessário estruturar a gestão de risco de desastre do município. Uma das ações de prevenção desenvolvidas pelo órgão em parceria com as escolas é o Programa Defesa Civil na Escola, cujo objetivo é tornar as comunidades mais seguras a partir de aulas sobre prevenção de desastres naturais com crianças e adolescentes. O presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar a percepção de risco desses alunos por meio da observação participante e pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Constata-se neste artigo que o desenvolvimento da percepção de risco torna-os alunos multiplicadores de prevenção e resiliência.
L’expérience et l’identité
Authors: Fernandez Germán Darío 
Published: September 2018

Appartenir à un collectif, une catégorie sociopolitique, un groupe, est un accomplissement pratique et quotidien. « Être membre de » n’est pas un fait brut ou de nature, mais bien une pratique, un « faire » qu’on apprend et qu’on mérite en interaction avec l’environnement. Cette conception de l’appartenance ressort de notre étude de l’expérience des jeunes indigènes Huarpes boursiers d’une Université publique argentine. Les objectifs spécifiques de l’article sont de décrire l’expérience interculturelle des indigènes de Mendoza et de mettre en doute l’utilité de la notion d’identité pour rendre compte de leur appartenance à une catégorie sociopolitique.
Art et Politique
Authors: Laguarda Alice 
Published: September 2018

Le développement de pratiques artistiques participatives, relationnelles et contextuelles au sein des sociétés capitalistes démocratiques s’accompagne de multiples modes de relations entre l'artiste et le public. Mais nombre de ces propositions semblent s’être perdues dans la complexité de la matière sociale, propice à la confusion entre animation socio-culturelle, instrumentalisation du public et des artistes ou esthétique compassionnelle. Faut-il en déduire alors que l’artiste est condamné à n’être qu’un professionnel de la communication, qu’un thérapeute des maux de la société ? La poussée des projets et interventions en milieu urbain invite à se demander quelles positions existent aujourd’hui qui permettraient d'évaluer la possibilité d’une fonction critique et polémique de l'artiste. Jochen Gerz nous incite dans Les mots de Paris à réfléchir à la perte de valeur politique de l’espace public. En fondant sa proposition sur la participation d’« exclus » et en ne figeant pas son projet dans une forme conventionnelle, il inverse les règles du jeu artistique et institutionnel, instaure le trouble dans l’appréhension morale de cette « œuvre collective ». Nicolas Simarik et Jean Kerbrat élaborent quant à eux des projets qui cherchent à redéfinir l’autorité de l’artiste, invitant le public à construire un usage actif et critique de l’espace public. L’idée d’une résistance apparaît, contre les logiques de séparations, par l’élaboration de gestes de « profanation ». Ces propositions nous confrontent au sentiment de perte d’appartenance au monde commun, à l’« envahissement du social » et remettent en question, dans leurs processus comme dans leurs partis pris esthétiques, la relation souvent purement fonctionnaliste qu’entretient aujourd’hui le politique vis-à-vis de l’art.