bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BELL1‐like homeobox genes regulate inflorescence architecture and meristem maintenance in rice
Authors: Ikeda Takuyuki , Tanaka Wakana , Toriba Taiyo , Suzuki Chie , Maeno Akiteru , Tsuda Katsutoshi , Shiroishi Toshihiko , Kurata Tetsuya , Sakamoto Tomoaki , Murai Masayuki , Matsusaka Hiroaki , Kumamaru Toshihiro , Hirano Hiro‐Yuki 
Published: January 2019

SummaryInflorescence architecture is diverse in angiosperms, and is mainly determined by the arrangement of the branches and flowers, known as phyllotaxy. In rice (Oryza sativa), the main inflorescence axis, called the rachis, generates primary branches in a spiral phyllotaxy, and flowers (spikelets) are formed on these branches. Here, we have studied a classical mutant, named verticillate rachis (ri), which produces branches in a partially whorled phyllotaxy. Gene isolation revealed that RI encodes a BELL1‐type homeodomain transcription factor, similar to Arabidopsis PENNYWISE/BELLRINGER/REPLUMLESS, and is expressed in the specific regions within the inflorescence and branch meristems where their descendant meristems would soon initiate. Genetic combination of an ri homozygote and a mutant allele of RI‐LIKE1 (RIL1) (designated ri ril1/+ plant), a close paralog of RI, enhanced the ri inflorescence phenotype, including the abnormalities in branch phyllotaxy and rachis internode patterning. During early inflorescence development, the timing and arrangement of primary branch meristem (pBM) initiation were disturbed in both ri and ri ril1/+ plants. These findings suggest that RI and RIL1 were involved in regulating the phyllotactic pattern of the pBMs to form normal inflorescences. In addition, both RI and RIL1 seem to be involved in meristem maintenance, because the ri ril1 double‐mutant failed to establish or maintain the shoot apical meristem during embryogenesis.
Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE): Domain 3—Defining antithrombotic protocols
Authors: Blais Marie‐Claude , Bianco Domenico , Goggs Robert , Lynch Alex M. , Palmer Lee , Ralph Alan , Sharp Claire R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically examine the evidence for use of a specific protocol (dose, frequency, route) of selected antithrombotic drugs, in comparisons to no therapy or to other antithrombotic therapies, to reduce the risk of complications or improve outcomes in dogs and cats at risk for thrombosis.DesignStandardized, systematic evaluation of the literature, categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence (LOE) and quality (Good, Fair, or Poor), and development of consensus on conclusions via a Delphi‐style survey for application of the concepts to clinical practice.SettingsAcademic and referral veterinary medical centers.ResultsDatabases searched included Medline via PubMed and CAB abstracts. Eight different antithrombotic drugs were investigated using a standardized Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) question format both for dogs and cats, including aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin, unfractionated heparin (UFH), dalteparin, enoxaparin, fondaparinux, and rivaroxaban, generating a total of 16 worksheets. Most studies identified were experimental controlled laboratory studies in companion animals (LOE 3) with only four randomized controlled clinical trials in companion animals (LOE 1).ConclusionsOverall, evidence‐based recommendations concerning specific protocols could not be formulated for most antithrombotic drugs evaluated, either because of the wide range of dosage reported (eg, aspirin in dogs) or the lack of evidence in the current literature. However, clopidogrel administration in dogs and cats at risk of arterial thrombosis, notably in cats at risk of cardiogenic thromboembolism, is supported by the literature, and specific protocols were recommended. Comparably, aspirin should not be used as a sole antithrombotic in cats with cardiomyopathy. Using the available safety profile information contained in the literature, the panel reached consensus on suggested dosage schemes for most antithrombotics. Significant knowledge gaps were highlighted, which will hopefully drive novel research.
Management practices influence the competitive potential of weed communities and their value to biodiversity in South African vineyards
Authors: MacLaren C , Bennett J , Dehnen‐Schmutz K 
Published: January 2019

SummaryWeeds have negative impacts on crop production but also play a role in sustaining biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. This trade‐off raises the question of whether it is possible to promote weed communities with low competitive potential but high value to biodiversity. Here, we explored how weed communities respond to different vineyard management practices in South Africa's Western Cape, aiming to identify whether any specific practices are associated with more beneficial weed communities. Eight weed community characteristics representative of abundance, diversity and functional composition were used as indicators of competitive potential and biodiversity value. We explored how these responded to farm management strategy (organic, low input or conventional) and weed management practices (herbicides, tillage, mowing or combinations of these) using ordination and mixed models. Mown sites were associated with weed communities of high biodiversity value, with higher weed cover in both winter and summer, higher diversity and more native weeds. Mowing also promoted shorter weeds than either tillage or herbicides, considered to be less competitive with grapevines. However, high summer weed cover may be problematic where competition for water is critical, in which case tillage offers a method to limit summer weed cover that did not adversely affect diversity or native weeds. In contrast, herbicide‐treated sites had characteristics indicative of a lower biodiversity value and higher potential for competitiveness with few native weeds, lower diversity and relatively tall, small‐seeded weeds. Mowing in winter combined with tillage in spring may thus optimise the biodiversity benefits and production costs of Western Cape vineyard weeds.
Repeatability of exercise‐induced changes in mRNA expression and technical considerations for qPCR analysis in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Islam Hashim , Edgett Brittany A. , Bonafiglia Jacob T. , Shulman Talya , Ma Andrew , Quadrilatero Joe , Simpson Craig A. , Gurd Brendon J. 
Published: January 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Are individual changes in exercise‐induced mRNA expression repeatable (i.e. representative of the true response to exercise rather than random error)?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Exercise‐induced changes in mRNA expression are not repeatable even under identical experimental conditions, thereby challenging the use of mRNA expression as a biomarker of adaptive potential and/or individual responsiveness to exercise.
AbstractIt remains unknown if (1) the observed change in mRNA expression reflects an individual's true response to exercise or random (technical and/or biological) error, and (2) the individual responsiveness to exercise is protocol‐specific. We examined the repeatability of skeletal muscle PGC‐1α, PDK4, NRF‐1, VEGF‐A, HSP72 and p53 mRNA expression following two identical endurance exercise (END) bouts (END‐1, END‐2; 30 min of cycling at 65% of peak work rate (WRpeak), n = 11) and inter‐individual variability in PGC‐1α and PDK4 mRNA expression following END and sprint interval training (SIT; 8 × 20 s cycling intervals at ∼170% WRpeak, n = 10) in active young males. The repeatability of key gene analysis steps (RNA extraction, reverse transcription, qPCR) and within‐sample fibre‐type distribution (n = 8) was also determined to examine potential sources of technical error in our analyses. Despite highly repeatable exercise bout characteristics (work rate, heart rate, blood lactate; ICC > 0.71; CV < 10%; r > 0.85, P < 0.01), gene analysis steps (ICC > 0.73; CV < 24%; r > 0.75, P < 0.01), and similar group‐level changes in mRNA expression, individual changes in PGC‐1α, PDK4, VEGF‐A and p53 mRNA expression were not repeatable (ICC < 0.22; CV > 20%; r < 0.21). Fibre‐type distribution in two portions of the same muscle biopsy was highly variable and not significantly related (ICC = 0.39; CV = 26%; r = 0.37, P = 0.37). Since individual changes in mRNA expression following identical exercise bouts were not repeatable, inferences regarding individual responsiveness to END or SIT were not made. Substantial random error exists in changes in mRNA expression following acute exercise, thereby challenging the use of mRNA expression for analysing individual responsiveness to exercise.
The Biology of
Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Lemos J.A. , Palmer S.R. , Zeng L. , Wen Z.T. , Kajfasz J.K. , Freires I.A. , Abranches J. , Brady L.J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

As a major etiological agent of human dental caries,
Streptococcus mutans
resides primarily in biofilms that form on the tooth surfaces, also known as dental plaque. In addition to caries,
S. mutans
is responsible for cases of infective endocarditis with a subset of strains being indirectly implicated with the onset of additional extraoral pathologies. During the past 4 decades, functional studies of
S. mutans
have focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms the organism employs to form robust biofilms on tooth surfaces, to rapidly metabolize a wide variety of carbohydrates obtained from the host diet, and to survive numerous (and frequent) environmental challenges encountered in oral biofilms. In these areas of research,
S. mutans
has served as a model organism for ground-breaking new discoveries that have, at times, challenged long-standing dogmas based on bacterial paradigms such as
Escherichia coli
and
Bacillus subtilis
. In addition to sections dedicated to carbohydrate metabolism, biofilm formation, and stress responses, this article discusses newer developments in
S. mutans
biology research, namely, how
S. mutans
interspecies and cross-kingdom interactions dictate the development and pathogenic potential of oral biofilms and how next-generation sequencing technologies have led to a much better understanding of the physiology and diversity of
S. mutans
as a species.
The economics of physical activity in low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Ranasinghe Priyanga Diloshini , Pokhrel Subhash , Anokye Nana Kwame 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionEvidence on the economic costs of physical inactivity and the cost-effectiveness of physical activity interventions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is sparse, and fragmented where they are available. This is the first review aimed to summarise available evidence on economics of physical activity in LMICs, identify potential target variables for policy, and identify and report gaps in the current knowledge on economics of physical activity in LMICs.Methods and analysisPeer-reviewed journal articles of observational, experimental, quasi-experimental and mixed-method studies on economics of physical activity in LMICs will be identified by a search of electronic databases; Scopus, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus. Websites of WHO, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence international, World Bank and reference lists of included studies will be searched for relevant studies. The study selection process will be a two-stage approach; title and abstract screen for inclusion, followed by a review of selected full-text articles by two independent reviewers. Disagreements will be resolved by consensus and discussion with a third reviewer. Data will be extracted using standardised piloted data extraction forms. Risk of bias will be critically appraised using standard checklists based on study designs. Descriptive synthesis of data is planned. Where relevant, summaries of studies will be classified according to type of economic analysis, country or country category, population, intervention, comparator, outcome and study design. Meta-analysis will be performed where appropriate. This protocol for systematic review is prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-analysis for Protocols −2015 statement.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not obtained as original data will not be collected as part of this review. The completed review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018099856.
How much emergency department use by vulnerable populations is potentially preventable?: A period prevalence study of linked public hospital data in South Australia
Authors: Banham David , Karnon Jonathan , Densley Kirsten , Lynch John W 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo quantify emergency department (ED) presentations by individuals within vulnerable populations compared with other adults and the extent to which these are potentially preventable.DesignPeriod prevalence study from 2005-2006 to 2010–2011.SettingPerson-linked, ED administrative records for public hospitals in South Australia.ParticipantsAdults aged 20 or more in South Australia’s metropolitan area presenting to ED and categorised as Refugee and Asylum Seeker Countries of birth (RASC); Aboriginal; those aged 75 years or more; or All others.Main outcome measuresUnadjusted rates of ambulatory care sensitive condition (ACSC), general practitioner (GP)–type presentations and associated direct ED costs among mutually exclusive groups of individuals.ResultsDisparity between RASC and All others was greatest for GP-type presentations (423.7 and 240.1 persons per 1000 population, respectively) with excess costs of $A106 573 (95% CI $A98 775 to $A114 371) per 1000 population. Aboriginal had highest acute ACSC presenter rates (125.8 against 51.6 per 1000 population) with twice the risk of multiple presentations and $A108 701 (95% CI $A374 to $A123 029) per 1000 excess costs. Those aged 75 or more had highest chronic ACSC presenter rates (119.7vs21.1 per 1000), threefold risk of further presentations (incidence rate ratio 3.20, 95% CI 3.14 to 3.26) and excess cost of $A385 (95% CI $A178 160 to $A184 609) per 1000 population.ConclusionsVulnerable groups had excess ED presentations for a range of issues potentially better addressed through primary and community healthcare. The observed differences suggest inequities in the uptake of effective primary and community care and represent a source of excess cost to the public hospital system.
Does intake of bread supplemented with wheat germ have a preventive role on cardiovascular disease risk markers in healthy volunteers? A randomised, controlled, crossover trial.
Authors: Moreira-Rosário André , Pinheiro Helder , Marques Cláudia , Teixeira José António , Calhau Conceição , Azevedo Luís Filipe 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveIntake of whole grains is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This evidence is also strong for bran alone, but findings about germ are conflicting. Our aim was to elucidate the role of germ in primary prevention of cardiovascular events, and therefore, a staple food was selected for 6 g of germ supplementation. This corresponds to sixfold increase in the global mean consumption of germ, while preserving the sensory proprieties of refined bread which is crucial for consumer’s acceptance.DesignRandomised, double-blinded, crossover, controlled clinical trial with 15-week follow-up comprising a 2-week run-in, two intervention periods of 4 weeks each and a 5-week washout period.SettingA single centre in the north of Portugal.Participants55 eligible healthy adults (mean age of 34 years and body mass index between 19 and 38 kg/m2) were randomly assigned.InterventionsThe study consisted of two intervention periods including daily intake of refined wheat bread enriched with 6 g of wheat germ and control (non-enriched bread).OutcomesChanges in fasting cholesterol and triglycerides, fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin sensitivity and C reactive protein.ResultsWe observed no significant effect of daily intake of wheat germ on cholesterol and triglycerides levels, on postprandial glucose response and on insulin sensitivity. Incremental area under curve glucose and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance did not change, suggesting that 6 g of wheat germ have no effect on glucose metabolism. No effect was also observed in the subgroup of participants who complied with the protocol (n=47).ConclusionsThe absence of alterations on lipid and glucose profiles suggests that germ up to 6 g/day may have no preventive effect on CVD risk. However, it is important to investigate other food vehicles that can accommodate higher doses of wheat germ in future studies.Trial registration numberNCT02405507.
miR-21-5p regulates mitochondrial respiration and lipid content in H9C2 cells
Authors: Nasci Victoria L. , Chuppa Sandra , Griswold Lindsey , Goodreau Kathryn A. , Dash Ranjan K. , Kriegel Alison J. 
Published: January 2019

Cardiovascular-related pathologies are the single leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previously, we found that a 5/6th nephrectomy model of CKD leads to an upregulation of miR-21-5p in the left ventricle, targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and altering the expression of numerous transcripts involved with fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis. In the present study, we evaluated the potential for knockdown or overexpression of miR-21-5p to regulate lipid content, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial respiration in H9C2 cells. Cells were transfected with anti-miR-21-5p (40 nM), pre-miR-21-5p (20 nM), or the appropriate scrambled oligonucleotide controls before lipid treatment in culture or as part of the Agilent Seahorse XF fatty acid oxidation assay. Overexpression of miR-21-5p attenuated the lipid-induced increase in cellular lipid content, whereas suppression of miR-21-5p augmented it. The abundance of malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, was significantly increased with lipid treatment in control cells but attenuated in pre-miR-21-5p-transfected cells. This suggests that miR-21-5p reduces oxidative stress. The cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was increased in both pre-miR-21-5p- and anti-miR-21-5p-transfected cells. Levels of intracellular ATP were significantly higher in anti-mR-21-5p-transfected cells. Pre-miR-21-5p blocked additional increases in OCR in response to etomoxir and palmitic acid. Conversely, anti-miR-21-5p-transfected cells exhibited reduced OCR with both etomoxir and palmitic acid, and the glycolytic capacity was concomitantly reduced. Together, these results indicate that overexpression of miR-21-5p attenuates both lipid content and lipid peroxidation in H9C2 cells. This likely occurs by reducing cellular lipid uptake and utilization, shifting cellular metabolism toward reliance on the glycolytic pathway. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Both overexpression and suppression of miR-21-5p augment basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration. Our data suggest that reliance on glycolytic and fatty acid oxidation pathways can be modulated by the abundance of miR-21-5p within the cell. miR-21-5p regulation of mitochondrial respiration can be modulated by extracellular lipids.
Epigenetic Silencing Affectsl-Asparaginase Sensitivity and Predicts Outcome in T-ALL
Authors: Touzart Aurore , Lengliné Etienne , Latiri Mehdi , Belhocine Mohamed , Smith Charlotte , Thomas Xavier , Spicuglia Salvatore , Puthier Denis , Pflumio Françoise , Leguay Thibaut , Graux Carlos , Chalandon Yves , Huguet Françoise , Leprêtre Stéphane , Ifrah Norbert , Dombret Hervé , Macintyre Elizabeth , Hunault Mathilde , Boissel Nicolas , Asnafi Vahid 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurpose:Biological explanation for discrepancies in patient-related response to chemotherapy depending on the underlying oncogenic events is a promising research area. TLX1- or TLX3-deregulated T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL; TLX1/3+) share an immature cortical phenotype and similar transcriptional signatures. However, their prognostic impacts differ, and inconsistent clinical outcome has been reported for TLX3. We therefore hypothesized that the overlapping transcriptional profiles of TLX1+ and TLX3+ T-ALLs would allow identification of candidate genes, which might determine their distinct clinical outcomes.Experimental Design:We compared TLX1+ and TLX3+ adult T-ALL outcome in the successive French national LALA-94 and GRAALL-2003/2005 multicentric trials and analyzed transcriptomic data to identify differentially expressed genes. Epigenetic regulation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and in vitro l-asparaginase sensitivity were evaluated for T-ALL cell lines and primary samples.Results:We show that TLX1+ patients expressed low levels of ASNS when compared with TLX3+ and TLX-negative patients, due to epigenetic silencing of ASNS by both DNA methylation and a decrease of active histone marks. Promoter methylation of the ASNS gene correlated with l-asparaginase sensitivity in both T-ALL cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. Finally, ASNS promoter methylation was an independent prognostic factor for both event-free survival [HR, 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24–0.71; P = 0.001] and overall survival (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.23–0.70; P = 0.02) in 160 GRAALL-2003/2005 T-ALL patients and also in an independent series of 47 LL03-treated T lymphoblastic lymphomas (P = 0.012).Conclusions:We conclude that ASNS methylation status at diagnosis may allow individual adaptation of l-asparaginase dose.
The focus of visual attention in people with motor disabilities through Eye tracking
Authors: Merino Giselle Schmidt A. D. , Riascos Carmen Elena Martinez , Costa Angelina Dias Leão , Elali Gleice Virginia Medeiros de Azambuja , Merino Eugenio 
Published: January 2019

Make the environment that can be achieved, fires, used and experienced by anyone, including those with reduced mobility, is an increasingly important need for professionals. Being the eye tracking is an assistive technology that enables you to identify objectively the visual perception was held an experiment that allows analyzing the people’s difficulties in internal visual identification on buildings. The article goal is to identify the focus of visual attention in people with motor disabilities using eye tracking glasses. To perform the experiment was used Senso Motoric Instruments (SMI) eye tracking glasses and was did analyses with the BeGaze software version 3.6. The results indicate the lack of visual information causes difficulties for people to locate and identify the correct route for the offset inside a building, reducing the subjectivity in making decisions to make accessible environments. The tests show that the participants do not have fixed their gaze on specific points, because it remained looking for visual information into the building generating lack of orientation and difficulties to define the right route at offset. With this experiment was possible to validate an application of the device to contribute to the decision-making process of professionals to make accessible environments. In addition, they recognized the particularities in the use of Assistive Technology, the glasses eye tracker, and the possibility of being used in the analysis of various tasks contributing in the Design, in the Architecture, and the Engineering.