bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood pressure characteristics in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion undergoing endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Pikija Slaven , Millesi Katharina , Killer-Oberpfalzer Monika , Mutzenbach J. Sebastian , Sztriha Laszlo K. , Füssel Michael U. , Sellner Johann 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is a rare but potentially life-threatening neurological condition. While endovascular therapy (EVT) has been shown to improve outcome, there is limited knowledge about prognostic factors beyond early recanalization. We studied whether blood pressure (BP) exceeds or falls below suggested thresholds during intervention and whether these changes are associated with complications and outcome. BP measurements mostly with one-minute intervals were available in 39 patients. An individual systolic blood pressure (SBP) reference value was defined as the median of the first five intra-procedural measurements. Half of the patients (51.3%) received drugs for BP augmentation and two a BP lowering drug (5.1%). Thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grade 2b and 3 (TICI) was achieved in 29 (74.4%) and 23 patients (58.9%) had good outcome at three months. We observed a continuous intra-procedural increase of median SBP (+11%) and mean arterial pressure (MAP, +10%, both p < 0.001), and a unique temporal pattern of intermittent peaks and troughs. Successful recanalization was more common in patients whose intra-procedural duration with SBP under 140 mmHg was shorter (p = 0.009). Patients with isolated tip of basilar artery (TBA) occlusion had significantly more BP excursion of 20% below the reference SBP and required more frequent use of sympathomimetic drugs compared to vertebrobasilar occlusion (p = 0.008 and p = 0.041, respectively). Brain hemorrhage was more prevalent in patients who experienced SBP excursions at least 20% above the individual reference value (p = 0.038) and a longer duration of time spent with SBP above 180 mmHg (p = 0.029). Patients with higher pre-procedural mean SBP had a greater chance of a good outcome (p = 0.03). This study using high resolution BP monitoring suggests a relationship between intra-procedural BP characteristics and recanalization, hemorrhagic complications and outcome in patients receiving EVT for acute posterior circulation cerebrovascular syndromes. Differences with regard to BP regulation during recanalization therapy for vertebrobasilar and TBA occlusion deserves further attention.
A facile ionic-liquid pretreatment method for the examination of archaeological wood by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Lu Bing-Jyun , Li Jia-Rong , Tai Hwan-Ching , Cai Wenjie , Tseng Hsiao-Han , Hsieh Yi-Ting 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWood has been a crucial natural material for human civilization since prehistoric times. In archaeology, the examination of the wood microstructure is important for the study of architecture, musical instruments, sculptures, and so on. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination is sometimes unsuitable for archaeological wood due to the limited amount of precious samples, which may be too small to be cut by microtomes and mounted on holders. Moreover, the conductive coating material cannot be uniformly deposited over uneven wood surfaces. To overcome these issues, a rapid and simple pretreatment method using room-temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) was proposed. Four common RTILs were evaluated for the pretreatment of wood chips for SEM examination. We found that water content, viscosity, density, and hydrophobicity of IL solutions were important factors affecting SEM image quality. A 7.5% solution of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidium dicyanamide (BMP-DCA) in ethanol (v/v) was found to work very well. The IL pretreatment could be performed in a few minutes without special equipment. It is gentle enough to preserve delicate structures such as the torus/margo of pit membranes, even at elevated temperatures, without causing obvious damage or deformation. We successfully imaged hand-cut wood chips from 18th-century buildings, an 18th-century European violin, and a Chinese zither over 1000 years old. We therefore conclude that highly hydrophilic ionic liquids with low density and viscosity are suitable for use in SEM examinations of both modern and antique wood specimens.
Identification and injury to the inferior hypogastric plexus in nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy
Authors: Li Lei , Bi Yalan , Wang Leiming , Mao Xinxin , Kraemer Bernhard , Lang Jinghe , Cui Quancai , Wu Ming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWaterjet dissection of the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP) resulted in a more rapid return of normal urodynamics than blunt dissection (control group) in patients who received laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH) in a randomized controlled study. However, the definite reasons for these results were unknown. This subgroup analysis compared the neural areas and impairment in the IHP uterine branches harvested during NSRH as an alternative to the IHP vesical branches between the waterjet and control groups. This study included samples from 30 eligible patients in each group of the trial NCT03020238. At least one specimen from each side of the IHP uterine branches was resected. The tissues were scanned, images were captured, and the neural component areas were calculated using the image segmentation method. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate neural impairment. The control and waterjet groups had similar areas of whole tissues sent for evaluation. However, the control group had significantly fewer areas (median 272158 versus 200439 μm2, p = 0.044) and a lower percentage (median 4.9% versus 3.0%, p = 0.011) of neural tissues. No significant changes in immunohistochemical staining were found between the two groups. For patients with residual urine ≤100 and >100 ml at 14 days after NSRH (42 and 18 patients, respectively), there were significantly different percentages of neural tissues in the resected samples (p < 0.001). Hence, Due to the accurate identification of IHP during NSRH, the waterjet dissection technique achieved better urodynamic results.
Eigen damping constant of spin waves in ferromagnetic nanostructure
Authors: Purnama Indra , Moon Jung-Hwan , You Chun-Yeol 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThough varying in nature, all waves share traits in a way that they all follow the superposition principle while also experiencing attenuation as they propagate in space. And thus it is more than common that a comprehensive investigation of one type of wave leads to a discovery that can be extended to all kinds of waves in other fields of research. In the field of magnetism, the wave of interest corresponds to the spin wave (SW). Specifically, there has been a push to use SWs as the next information carriers similar to how electromagnetic waves are used in photonics. At present, the biggest impediment in making SW-based device to be widely adapted is the fact that the SW experiences large attenuation due to the large damping constant. Here, we developed a method to find the SW eigenmodes and show that their respective eigen damping constants can be 40% smaller than the typical material damping constant. From a bigger perspective, this finding means that the attenuation of SW and also other types of waves in general is no more constrained by the material parameters, and it can be controlled by the shape of the waves instead.
How Well Do We Use Our Technology? Examining iPad Navigation Skills in Individuals With Aphasia and Older Adults
Authors: Sitren Amanda , Vallila-Rohter Sofia 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Technology is increasingly being used in rehabilitation, yet exposure and comfort with technology varies across individuals, particularly among older adults. There are limited ways to evaluate comfort with technology or teach people how to use technological devices. The objective of the current study was to develop an iPad task battery and evaluate performance by individuals with aphasia and older adults, further examining whether participants could learn to improve performance with written, verbal, and visual instructions.

Method
Thirty-two participants completed this study (16 with poststroke aphasia and 16 older adult controls). Participants completed 3 phases of testing: (a) baseline evaluation of performance of an iPad task battery, (b) teaching and practice of unknown tasks, and (c) retention evaluation. Participants were scored on accuracy, speed, and efficiency in each phase. Results were evaluated as a function of demographic and cognitive–linguistic variables.

Results
Results demonstrate that variability arises in people's abilities to perform tasks on an iPad and that cognitive skills such as executive functions, planning, and visuospatial attention relate to baseline scores of performance. The majority of participants with aphasia showed evidence of retaining information learned in the teaching and practice phase; however, they showed a lower percentage of retained lessons relative to controls.

Conclusions
Findings support the hypothesis that technology abilities vary among individuals with and without aphasia. Evaluating technology ability and the ability to learn technology is an important component to consider when prescribing tablet-based therapies.
Inner Speech in Aphasia: Current Evidence, Clinical Implications, and Future Directions
Authors: Fama Mackenzie E. , Turkeltaub Peter E. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTypical language users can engage in a lively internal monologue for introspection and task performance, but what is the nature of inner speech among individuals with aphasia? Studying the phenomenon of inner speech in this population has the potential to further our understanding of inner speech more generally, help clarify the subjective experience of those with aphasia, and inform clinical practice. In this scoping review, we describe and synthesize the existing literature on inner speech in aphasia.MethodStudies examining inner speech in aphasia were located through electronic databases and citation searches. Across the various studies, methods include both subjective approaches (i.e., asking individuals with aphasia about the integrity of their inner speech) and objective approaches (i.e., administering objective language tests as proxy measures for inner speech ability). The findings of relevant studies are summarized.ResultsAlthough definitions of inner speech vary across research groups, studies using both subjective and objective methods have established findings showing that inner speech can be preserved relative to spoken language in individuals with aphasia, particularly among those with relatively intact word retrieval and difficulty primarily at the level of speech output processing. Approaches that combine self-report with objective measures have demonstrated that individuals with aphasia are, on the whole, reliably able to report the integrity of their inner speech.ConclusionsThe examination of inner speech in individuals with aphasia has potential implications for clinical practice, in that differences in the preservation of inner speech across individuals may help guide clinical decision making around aphasia treatment. Although there are many questions that remain open to further investigation, studying inner speech in this specific population has also contributed to a broader understanding of the mechanisms of inner speech more generally.
MRSA-Screening in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation
Authors: Rollnik Jens D. , Grüter Ludwig 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungMethicillin-resistente Staphylococcus-aureus-Stämme (MRSA) haben in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation eine erhebliche medizinische und ökonomische Relevanz. Es ist wichtig, MRSA-Träger möglichst rasch nach Aufnahme zu identifizieren, um Transmissionen zu verhindern und Isolierungs- sowie Dekolonisierungsmaßnahmen einleiten zu können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Anwendung und Aussagekraft eines PCR-basierten Schnelltests (Polymerase-Kettenreaktion) zum Nachweis von MRSA-Erbgut in Nasen-Rachen-Abstrichen (BD MAX MRSA XT, BD Diagnostics, Heidelberg, Deutschland) von neurologischen Rehabilitanden untersucht und mit dem Standard-Verfahren (Kultur) als Goldstandard verglichen. Im Jahr 2013 wurden innerhalb von sieben Tagen nach Aufnahme bei n = 66 Frührehabilitanden MRSA-Abstriche sowohl mittels PCR-Schnelltest als auch kulturell untersucht. Dabei ergab sich für die PCR eine Sensitivität von 84,6 % mit einer Spezifität von 86,8 %. Der positive prädiktive Wert (PPW) lag bei nur 61,1 %, der negative (NPW) bei 95,8 %. Bei insgesamt 39 Frührehabilitanden lagen PCR und Kultur zeitlich nur bis zu einem Tag auseinander, hierdurch stieg die Sensitivität auf 100 %, die Spezifität auf 90,3 %. In dieser Subgruppe betrug der PPW 72,7 %, der NPW 100 %. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass nach einem positiven PCR-Befund rasch (innerhalb von 24 Stunden) eine kulturelle Untersuchung durchgeführt werden sollte, um eine MRSA-Besiedelung zu verifizieren. Insbesondere der hohe NPW (95,8 bzw. 100 %) zeigt an, dass negativ getestete Patienten auch mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit keine MRSA-Träger sind. Auf ein positives Testergebnis in der PCR kann man sich allerdings weniger gut verlassen (wegen falsch-positiver Ergebnisse), sodass bei Vorliegen eines MRSA-Nachweises in der PCR bei neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitanden eine kulturelle Untersuchung durchgeführt werden sollte, um unnötig lange Isolierungsmaßnahmen zu vermeiden.
Testsequenzen für den Praktiker
Authors: Kubat Heike , Schulze Elke 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungOkulomotorische Tests sind bei Patienten mit kraniozervikalen Symptomen wie
Nacken-, Kopf- und Gesichtsschmerzen, Schwindel, Gleichgewichtsstörungen oder
Ohrsensationen eine Notwendigkeit, um adäquat und zielgerichtet behandeln zu
können.Dieser 2. Teil der Artikelreihe zu Tests bei kraniozervikalen Beschwerden
beschreibt die Anwendung und den Nutzen okulomotorischer Tests wie dem
Blickfolge-, Sakkaden-, Vergenz- und Kopfimpulstest.
Predictive rules for optical diagnosis of < 10-mm colorectal polyps based on a dedicated software
Authors: Hassan Cesare , Bisschops Raf , Bhandari Pradeep , Coron Emmanuel , Neumann Helmut , Pech Oliver , Correale Loredana , Repici Alessandro 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background The BASIC classification for predicting in vivo colorectal polyp histology incorporates both surface and pit/vessel descriptor domains. This study aimed to define new BASIC classes for adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps.
Methods A video library (102 still images/videos of < 10-mm polyps using white-light [WLI] and blue-light imaging [BLI]) was reviewed by seven expert endoscopists. Polyps were rated according to the individual descriptors of the three BASIC domains (surface/pit/vessel). A model to predict polyp histology (adenomatous or hyperplastic) was developed using multivariable logistic regression and subsequent “leave-one-out” cross-validation. New BASIC rules were then defined by Delphi agreement. The overall accuracy of these rules when used by experts was evaluated according to the level of confidence and light type.
Results The strength of prediction for adenomatous histology from 2175 observations assessed by area under the curve (AUC; 95 % confidence interval) was poor-to-fair for the surface descriptors (0.50 [0.33 – 0.69] for mucus; 0.68 [0.57 – 0.79] for irregular surface), but stronger for pits (0.87 [0.80 – 0.96] for featureless/round/not round) and vessels (0.80 [0.65 – 0.87] for not present/lacy/pericryptal). By combining the domains, a good-to-excellent prediction was shown (AUC 0.89 [0.81 – 0.96]). After the definition of new BASIC rules for adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps, accuracy for high confidence BLI predictions was 90.3 % (86.3 % – 93.2 %), which was superior to high confidence WLI (83.7 % [77.3 % – 87.7 %]) and low confidence BLI predictions (77.7 % [61.1 % – 88.6 %]).
Conclusions Based on the strength of prediction, the new BASIC classes for adenomatous and hyperplastic histology show favorable results for accuracy and confidence levels.
Advances in C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization via Radical Processes
Authors: Zhang Tong , Wu Yue-Hua , Wang Nai-Xing , Xing Yalan 
Published: September 2019

C(sp3)–H Bonds are the most common structures in organic molecules. In recent years, the direct functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds has attracted wide attention and made significant progress. This review mainly focuses on C(sp3)–H bond functionalization of alkanes with or without functional groups via radical processes reported since 2017. In particular, three methods of generating free radicals are discussed: the use of a radical initiator such as TBHP or DTBP; photocatalysis, and via 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT).1	Introduction2	C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Alkanes3	C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Alkanes with a Functional Group4	Conclusions
Critical Care Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury—Part II: Intensive Care to Rehabilitation
Authors: Sacino Amanda , Rosenblatt Kathryn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpinal cord injury is devastating to those affected due to the loss of motor and sensory function, and, in some cases, cardiovascular collapse, ventilatory failure, and bowel and bladder dysfunction. Primary trauma to the spinal cord is exacerbated by secondary insult from the inflammatory response to injury. Specialized intensive care of patients with acute spinal cord injury involves the management of multiple systems and incorporates evidence-based practices to reduce secondary injury to the spinal cord. Patients greatly benefit from early multidisciplinary rehabilitation for neurologic and functional recovery. Treatment of acute spinal cord injury may soon incorporate novel molecular agents currently undergoing clinical investigation to assist in neuroprotection and neuroregeneration.
Two-dimensional plasmonic waveguides for nanolasing and four-wave mixing
Authors: Li Guangyuan , Palomba Stefano , Sterke C Martijn de 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Plasmonic waveguides are an essential element of nanoscale coherent sources, including nanolasers and four-wave mixing (FWM) devices. Here we report how the design of the plasmonic waveguide needs to be guided by the ultimate application. This contrasts with traditional approaches in which the waveguide is considered in isolation. We find that hybrid plasmonic waveguides, with a nonlinear material sandwiched between the metal substrate and a high-index layer, are best suited for FWM applications, whereas metallic wedges are preferred in nanolasers. We also find that in plasmonic nanolasers high-index buffer layers perform better than more traditional low-index buffers.
Ecological contingency in species shifts: downslope shifts of woody species under warming climate and land-use change
Authors: Zhang Xianwu , Zhang Bo , Feeley Kenneth J , Wang G Geoff , Zhang Jinchi , Zhai Lu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A predicted impact of a warming climate is an upslope shift of montane plant species. These upslope shifts may be amplified by land-use changes or attenuated by forest recoveries at low elevations where historical disturbances were ceased allowing for plant regrowth. Consequently, species may shift downslope back to low elevations where they had been previously harvested. The cessation-driven downslope shifts are hypothesized to dampen or even reverse climate-driven upslope shifts. We tested this hypothesis by a 20 year (1989–2009) forest inventory dataset from five mountainous areas in eastern China. In our study region, intense deforestation occurred mostly at low elevations until 1970, but was then ceased to facilitate natural forest recovery. Based on the analyses of 30 216 woody plants in 609 plots, we found that: (1) forest recovery occurred over the 20 year survey period, and increment rates of both recruitment and basal area increased up to 2004. However, in the last period (2004–2009), increment rates of basal area leveled off and recruitment was close to zero; (2) forest recovery was faster at lower elevations, as indicated by the higher increment rates there; (3) despite rising regional temperatures, the mean elevations of study species showed a downslope shift over the 20 years; and (4) the contribution of forest recovery to elevational shifts was supported by the fact that the species shifts were positively related to elevational changes in the recruitment increment, e.g. the negative (or downslope) shifts occurred in association with higher increments at lower elevations. These results suggest that, the cessation of disturbances and consequent lowland forest recovery had greater effects on the species distributions than did warming climate. In mountain systems that are being allowed to recover from historical disturbances, the effects of forest recovery on species distributions should be explicitly accounted for when assessing and predicting climate change impacts.
Multi-omics investigations within the Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda: from ecological application to breakthrough phylogenomic studies
Authors: Klein Anne H , Ballard Kaylene R , Storey Kenneth B , Motti Cherie A , Zhao Min , Cummins Scott F 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGastropods are the largest and most diverse class of mollusc and include species that are well studied within the areas of taxonomy, aquaculture, biomineralization, ecology, microbiome and health. Gastropod research has been expanding since the mid-2000s, largely due to large-scale data integration from next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry in which transcripts, proteins and metabolites can be readily explored systematically. Correspondingly, the huge data added a great deal of complexity for data organization, visualization and interpretation. Here, we reviewed the recent advances involving gastropod omics (‘gastropodomics’) research from hundreds of publications and online genomics databases. By summarizing the current publicly available data, we present an insight for the design of useful data integrating tools and strategies for comparative omics studies in the future. Additionally, we discuss the future of omics applications in aquaculture, natural pharmaceutical biodiscovery and pest management, as well as to monitor the impact of environmental stressors.
Semiparametric estimation of structural failure time models in continuous-time processes
Authors: Yang S , Pieper K , Cools F 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Structural failure time models are causal models for estimating the effect of time-varying treatments on a survival outcome. G-estimation and artificial censoring have been proposed for estimating the model parameters in the presence of time-dependent confounding and administrative censoring. However, most existing methods require manually pre-processing data into regularly spaced data, which may invalidate the subsequent causal analysis. Moreover, the computation and inference are challenging due to the nonsmoothness of artificial censoring. We propose a class of continuous-time structural failure time models that respects the continuous-time nature of the underlying data processes. Under a martingale condition of no unmeasured confounding, we show that the model parameters are identifiable from a potentially infinite number of estimating equations. Using the semiparametric efficiency theory, we derive the first semiparametric doubly robust estimators, which are consistent if the model for the treatment process or the failure time model, but not necessarily both, is correctly specified. Moreover, we propose using inverse probability of censoring weighting to deal with dependent censoring. In contrast to artificial censoring, our weighting strategy does not introduce nonsmoothness in estimation and ensures that resampling methods can be used for inference.