bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Death and literature: Different approaches, from simplicity to obscurity
Authors: Skelton John 
Published: March 2018

This study looks briefly at a range of ways in which writers have approached the concept of death, from expressions of personal grief, through to the ways in which attitudes to death represented in a culture are also picked up and used by writers from the culture concerned. Writers considered are mostly (but not all) from the English and Spanish language traditions, and in particular Seamus Heaney, Thomas Hardy, Miguel de Cervantes and Federico García Lorca. The point is made that not all writing about death is centred on death as a source of personal grief, though a great deal is. Also considered is the way in which some writing about death is transparent, and in a sense overtly simple, while other writing is less so, and may even seem obscure.
Preliminary analysis of New Zealand scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) diet using metabarcoding
Authors: van der Reis Aimee L , Laroche Olivier , Jeffs Andrew G , Lavery Shane D 
Published: March 2018

Deep sea lobsters are highly valued for seafood and provide the basis of important commercial fisheries in many parts of the world. Despite their economic significance, relatively little is known about their natural diets. Microscopic analyses of foregut content in some species have suffered from low taxonomic resolution, with many of the dietary items difficult to reliably identify as their tissue is easily digested. DNA metabarcoding has the potential to provide greater taxonomic resolution of foregut and hindgut contents of the New Zealand (NZ) scampi (Metanephrops challengeri), but a number of methodological concerns need to first be overcome to ensure optimum DNA metabarcoding results.
In this study, a range of methodological parameters were trialled to determine the optimum protocols for DNA metabarcoding, and provide a first view of the NZ scampi diet. Several PCR protocols were trialled, using two universal primer pairs targeting the 18S rRNA and COI genes, on DNA extracted from frozen and ethanol preserved samples of both foregut and hindgut digesta.
The selection of appropriate DNA polymerases, buffers and methods for reducing PCR inhibitors (including use of BSA) were found to be critical. Amplification from frozen or ethanol preserved gut contents appeared similarly dependable, but metabarcoding results showed that ethanol samples resulted in better results from the COI gene. The COI gene was found to be more effective than 18S rRNA gene for identifying large eukaryotic taxa from the digesta, however, it was less successfully amplified. The 18S rRNA gene was more easily amplified, but identified mostly smaller marine organisms such as plankton and parasites. This preliminary analysis of the diet of the NZ scampi identified a range of species, which included the ghost shark (Hydrolagus novaezealandiae), silver warehou (Seriolella punctate), tall sea pen (Funiculina quadrangularis ) and salp (Ihlea racovitza), suggesting that they have a varied diet, with a high reliance on scavenging a diverse range of pelagic and benthic species from the seafloor.
Change in skeletal muscle stiffness after running competition is dependent on both running distance and recovery time: a pilot study
Authors: Sadeghi Seyedali , Newman Cassidy , Cortes Daniel H. 
Published: March 2018

Long-distance running competitions impose a large amount of mechanical loading and strain leading to muscle edema and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Damage to various muscle fibers, metabolic impairments and fatigue have been linked to explain how DOMS impairs muscle function. Disruptions of muscle fiber during DOMS exacerbated by exercise have been shown to change muscle mechanical properties. The objective of this study is to quantify changes in mechanical properties of different muscles in the thigh and lower leg as function of running distance and time after competition. A custom implementation of Focused Comb-Push Ultrasound Shear Elastography (F-CUSE) method was used to evaluate shear modulus in runners before and after a race. Twenty-two healthy individuals (age: 23 ± 5 years) were recruited using convenience sampling and split into three race categories: short distance (nine subjects, 3–5 miles), middle distance (10 subjects, 10–13 miles), and long distance (three subjects, 26+ miles). Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) measurements were taken on both legs of each subject on the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), soleus, lateral gastrocnemius (LG), medial gastrocnemius (MG), biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles. For statistical analyses, a linear mixed model was used, with recovery time and running distance as fixed variables, while shear modulus was used as the dependent variable. Recovery time had a significant effect on the soleus (p = 0.05), while running distance had considerable effect on the biceps femoris (p = 0.02), vastus lateralis (p < 0.01) and semitendinosus muscles (p = 0.02). Sixty-seven percent of muscles exhibited a decreasing stiffness trend from before competition to immediately after competition. The preliminary results suggest that SWE could potentially be used to quantify changes of muscle mechanical properties as a way for measuring recovery procedures for runners.
Prognostic value of new-onset right bundle-branch block in acute myocardial infarction patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Juntao , Luo Hongxing , Kong Chunling , Dong Shujuan , Li Jingchao , Yu Haijia , Chu Yingjie 
Published: March 2018

Background
Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and bundle-branch block have poor prognoses. The new European Society of Cardiology guideline suggests a primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategy when persistent ischemic symptoms occur in patients with persistent ischemic symptoms and right bundle-branch block (RBBB), but the level of evidence is not high. In fact, the presence of RBBB may lead to the misdiagnosis of transmural ischemia and mask the early diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Moreover, new-onset RBBB is occasionally caused by AMI. Our study aims to investigate the prognostic value of new-onset RBBB in AMI.

Methods and Results
We conducted a meta-analysis of studies to evaluate the prognostic value of RBBB in AMI patients. Of 914 primary records, five studies and 874 MI patients were included for meta-analysis. Compared with previous RBBB, AMI patients with new-onset RBBB had a higher risk of long-term mortality (RR, 1.66, 95% CI [1.31–2.09], I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.000, n = 2), ventricular arrhythmia (RR, 4.86, 95% CI [2.10–11.27], I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.000, n = 3), and cardiogenic shock (RR, 2.76, 95% CI [1.66–4.59], I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.000, n = 3), but a lower risk of heart failure (RR, 0.66, 95% CI [0.52–0.85], I2 = 2.50%, p = 0.001, n = 4). Compared with AMI patients with new-onset permanent RBBB, patients with new-onset transient RBBB had a lower risk of short-term mortality (RR, 0.20, 95% CI [0.11–0.37], I2 = 44.1%, p = 0.000, n = 4).

Conclusion
New-onset RBBB is likely to increase long-term mortality, ventricular arrhythmia, and cardiogenic shock, but not heart failure in AMI patients. AMI patients with new-onset transient RBBB have a lower risk of short-term mortality than those with new-onset permanent RBBB. Revascularization therapies should be considered when persistent ischemic symptoms occur in patients with RBBB, especially new-onset RBBB.
Mechanisms to Explain the Elemental Composition of the Initial Aragonite Shell of Larval Oysters
Authors: Haley Brian A. , Hales Burke , Brunner Elizabeth L. , Kovalchik Kevin , Waldbusser George G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCalcifying organisms face increasing stress from the changing carbonate chemistry of an acidifying ocean, particularly bivalve larvae that live in upwelling regions of the world, such as the coastal and estuarine waters of Oregon (USA). Arguably the first and most significant developmental hurdle faced by larval oysters is formation of their initial prodissoconch I (PDI) shell, upon which further ontological development depends. We measured the minor metal compositions (Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca) of this aragonitic PDI shell and of post‐PDI larval Crassostrea gigas shell, as well as the water they were reared in, over ∼20 days for a May and an August cohort in 2011, during which time there was no period of carbonate under‐saturation. After testing various methods, we successfully isolated the shell from organic tissue using a 5% active chlorine bleach solution. Elemental compositions (Sr, Mg, C, N) of the shells post‐treatment showed that shell Sr/Ca ranged from 1.55 to 1.82 mmol/mol; Mg/Ca from 0.60 to 1.11 mmol/mol, similar to the few comparable published data for larval oyster aragonite compositions. We compare these data in light of possible biomineralization mechanisms: an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) path, an intercellular path, and a direct‐from‐seawater path to shell formation via biologically induced inorganic precipitation of aragonite. The last option provides a mechanistic explanation for: (1) the accelerated precipitation rates of biogenic calcification in the absence of a calcifying fluid; (2) consistently elevated precipitation rates at varying ambient‐water saturation states; and (3) the high Ca‐selectivity of the early larval calcification despite rapid precipitation rates.
A Newly Designed Analytical Line to Examine Fluid Inclusion Isotopic Compositions in a Variety of Carbonate Samples
Authors: Dassié Emilie P. , Genty Dominique , Noret Aurélie , Mangenot Xavier , Massault Marc , Lebas Nicolas , Duhamel Maxence , Bonifacie Magali , Gasparrini Marta , Minster Benedicte , Michelot Jean‐Luc 
Published: March 2018

Abstractδ18O and δD of fluid inclusions in carbonates provide insights into temperatures and fluid chemical compositions prevailing during the carbonate precipitation, however, various analytical restrictions limit a wider application of this proxy. This paper presents a new fluid inclusions isotopic analytical line coupled to an online cavity ring‐down spectrometer that increased the analytical productivity up to 10 carbonate samples per working day. This efficiency allowed for the first time to assess the reliability a large set of water samples with size ranging from 0.1 to 1 µL. Good reproducibility (±0.5‰ for δ18O and ± 2‰ δD; 1σ) is obtained for water quantity superior or equal to 0.3 μL and no evidence of memory effect is found. The line is further tested using two types of natural carbonates: (1) modern speleothems samples from caves for which δ18O and δD values of drip water were measured and (2) diagenetic carbonates for which the δ18O of the parent water were independently back‐calculated from carbonate clumped isotope Δ47 measurements. Speleothem fluid inclusion values despite falling close to the Global Meteoritic Water Line are not always representative of the isotopic composition of the parent drip water. Results on diagenetic cements show that the δ18Owater values measured in fluid inclusions agree, within 1%, with the δ18Owater independently derived from Δ47 measurements. Overall, this study confirms the reliability and accuracy of the developed analytical line for carbonate fluid inclusion analyses with a good reproducibility obtained for water quantity above 0.3 μL.
Postshock Thermally Induced Transformations in Experimentally Shocked Magnetite
Authors: Kontny A. , Reznik B. , Boubnov A. , Göttlicher J. , Steininger R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe studied the effect of 973 K heating in argon atmosphere on the magnetic and structural properties of a magnetite‐bearing ore, which was previously exposed to laboratory shock waves between 5 and 30 GPa. For this purpose magnetic properties were studied using temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility, magnetic hysteresis and low‐temperature saturation isothermal remanent magnetization. Structural properties of magnetite were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron‐assisted X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The shock‐induced changes include magnetic domain size reduction due to brittle and ductile deformation features and an increase in Verwey transition temperature due to lattice distortion. After heating, the crystal lattice is relaxed and apparent crystallite size is increased suggesting a recovery of lattice defects documented by a mosaic recrystallization texture. The structural changes correlate with modifications in magnetic domain state recorded by temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility, hysteresis properties and low‐temperature saturation isothermal remanent magnetization. These alterations in both, magnetic and structural properties of magnetite can be used to assess impact‐related magnetic anomalies in impact structures with a high temperature overprint.
Recent Progress in the Study of Molecularly Doped Metals
Authors: Avnir David 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA unique materials' methodology enables the doping of metals with functional molecules, polymers, enzymes, and nanoparticles. The resulting materials have either the combined properties of the metal and the dopants, or new, sometimes synergetic properties that are not found in the separate components, emerge. Metals that have been doped so far include gold, silver, copper, iron, gallium, palladium, platinum, and several alloys. Numerous applications have been demonstrated including catalysis, biocatalysis, bioactivity, electrochemistry (including new type of batteries), corrosion resistance, induction of chirality, tailoring unconventional properties to metals, and more. Doping of metals and adsorption on them are completely different processes, doping being a 3D event, while adsorption is a 2D process. Thus, practically all special properties and functionalities that have been demonstrated are apparent only in the doped case. Here, progress made in this field in the past four years is reviewed, including methodologies for obtaining metallic doped thin films, enhancing corrosion resistance, biomedical applications, and the use of doped metals for complex catalytic network of reactions.
Improving Luminescent Performances of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Conjugated Polymer by Inhibiting the Intra‐ and Interchain Quenching
Authors: Zhu Yunhui , Yang Yike , Wang Yanjie , Yao Bing , Lin Xingdong , Zhang Baohua , Zhan Hongmei , Xie Zhiyuan , Cheng Yanxiang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSuppressing emission quenching is still a real issue for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials as the emitters generally tend to aggregate in condensed film, leading to deteriorating performance in devices. In contrast to the TADF small molecules adopting host–guest systems, polymers possess the advantage that the TADF chromophore can be chemically dispersed into the backbone and thus the quenching process can be inhibited effectively. Here, a strategy applied to the conjugated polymer is presented, in which a TADF chromophore with controlled content is embedded into the backbone of polycarbazole through its donor moiety. The oligomeric carbazole segment acts as the role of “blocking segment,” suppressing the intra‐ and interchain interactions. The polymers therefore exhibit superior photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 92.1%. More importantly, the efficiency roll‐offs of the relevant devices are significantly reduced, offering an external quantum yield (EQE) of 15.6% even at luminance of 1000 cd m−2, corresponding to 92.3% to the maximum EQE.
Preparing graduate student teaching assistants in the sciences: An intensive workshop focused on active learning
Authors: Roden Julie A. , Jakob Susanne , Roehrig Casey , Brenner Tamara J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the past ten years, increasing evidence has demonstrated that scientific teaching and active learning improve student retention and learning gains in the sciences. Graduate teaching assistants (GTAs), who play an important role in undergraduate education at many universities, require training in these methods to encourage implementation, long‐term adoption, and advocacy. Here, we describe the design and evaluation of a two‐day training workshop for first‐year GTAs in the life sciences. This workshop combines instruction in current research and theory supporting teaching science through active learning as well as opportunities for participants to practice teaching and receive feedback from peers and mentors. Postworkshop assessments indicated that GTA participants' knowledge of key topics increased during the workshop. In follow‐up evaluations, participants reported that the workshop helped them prepare for teaching. This workshop design can easily be adapted to a wide range of science disciplines. Overall, the workshop prepares graduate students to engage, include, and support undergraduates from a variety of backgrounds when teaching in the sciences. © 2018 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46:318–326, 2018.
Design of a drug discovery course for non‐science majors
Authors: Dube Danielle H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract“Drug Discovery” is a 13‐week lecture and laboratory‐based course that was developed to introduce non‐science majors to foundational chemistry and biochemistry concepts as they relate to the unifying theme of drug discovery. The first part of this course strives to build students' understanding of molecules, their properties, the differences that enable them to be separated from one another, and their abilities to bind to biological receptors and elicit physiological effects. After building students' molecular worldview, the course then focuses on four classes of drugs: antimicrobials, drugs that affect the mind, steroid‐based drugs, and anti‐cancer drugs. During each of these modules, an emphasis is placed on how understanding the basis of disease and molecular‐level interactions empowers us to identify novel medicinal compounds. Periodic in class discussions based on articles pertinent to class topics ranging from the spread of antibiotic resistance, to the molecular basis of addiction, to rational drug design, are held to enable students to relate course material to pressing problems of national and daily concern. In addition to class time, weekly inquiry‐based laboratories allow students to critically analyze data related to course concepts, and later in the semester give students an opportunity to design and implement their own experiments to screen for antimicrobial activity. This course provides students with an understanding of the importance of chemistry and biochemistry to human health while emphasizing the process, strategies, and challenges related to drug discovery. © 2018 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46:327–335, 2018.
Higher Performance and Safer Handling: Formulation Based on 2,2,2‐Trinitroethyl Formate and Nitrocellulose
Authors: Abd‐Elghany Mohamed , Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Elbeih Ahmed 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA new, green propellant formulation based on the high‐energy dense oxidizer (HEDO) 2,2,2‐trinitroethyl formate (TNEF) and nitrocellulose (NC) was prepared and thermally investigated using non‐isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to check the crystals of the oxidizer and the homogeneity of the new propellant formulation (NC‐TNEF). The burning behavior of NC‐TNEF was recorded by high‐speed camera to observe the smoke produced. A high specific impulse (Is=257.4 s) was obtained from the characteristics calculation of the new propellant formulation by using EXPLO5_V6.03 software. The NC‐TNEF mixture did not show any endothermic peak and its exothermic peak was at 204.6 °C, which means that a composite might be formed. The activation energy of the NC‐TNEF was in the range of 184–190 kJ mol−1. NC‐TNEF has a higher performance and a lower hazard compared with the double‐base propellant.
Feasibility and principal acceptability of school‐based mobile communication applications to disseminate healthy lunchbox messages to parents
Authors: Reynolds Renee , Sutherland Rachel , Nathan Nicole , Janssen Lisa , Lecathelinais Christophe , Reilly Kathryn , Walton Alison , Wolfenden Luke 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIssue addressedThis study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of using an existing school‐based mobile communication application to deliver messages to parents on how to pack a healthy lunchbox.MethodsA telephone survey was conducted with 196 primary school principals within the Hunter New England region of New South Wales, Australia, in 2016.ResultsAlmost two thirds of primary schools (59%) currently use a school‐based mobile communication application to communicate with parents. Most principals (91%) agreed school lunchboxes need improving, of which 80% agree it is a school's role to provide information and guidelines to parents. However, only 50% of principals reported currently providing such information. The provision of lunchbox messages to parents by a third party appeared an acceptable model of delivery by principals. Larger schools and schools in urban and lower socio‐economic localities were more likely to have used a school‐based mobile communication application.ConclusionThe majority of principals recognise student lunchboxes need improving. The use of school‐based mobile communication applications appears to be feasible and acceptable by principals as a method of communicating lunchbox messages to parents.So what?Use of school‐based mobile communication applications may be an effective method for delivering health information at a population level. Future research should assess the potential efficacy of disseminating health interventions via this modality.
An assessment of set up position for MRI scanning for the purposes of rectal cancer radiotherapy treatment planning
Authors: Juresic Ewa , Liney Gary P. , Rai Robba , Descalar Joseph , Lee Mark , Wong Karen , Moses Daniel , Veera Jacqueline , Holloway Lois 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionA magnetic resonance (MR) scanner for radiotherapy treatment simulation was commissioned in our department in June 2013. Practical set up and MR image quality trade‐offs using a variety of patient positions and immobilisation devices routinely used in the treatment planning of rectal cancer patients were considered. The study also aimed to investigate the MR compatibility of the device materials with a focus on temperature changes during routine clinical examinations.MethodsTen volunteers were scanned: (1) Prone on a Civco Contoura Bellyboard (BBB), (2) Prone on a Civco MR Series Bellyboard (WBB), (3) Prone with no bellyboard and (4) Supine. All scans were performed with a T2 weighted (T2‐w) turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence. Images were scored by five assessors for: (1) ease of identifying specific organs, (2) overall image quality and (3) signal to noise ratio (SNR). Temperature changes were measured for each volunteer in each position.ResultsBoth expert scores and SNR analysis demonstrated that images obtained in the supine position allowed for easier and clearer delineation of the organs. Image factors such as artefacts and noise, along with the overall image quality, also performed better in the supine position. The carbon fibre bellyboard did not demonstrate significant heating during scanning with the T2‐w TSE transverse sequence.ConclusionsA supine position was determined to be superior to the other positions in a majority of comparisons. The volunteers did not experience any increased temperature changes during scanning on the bellyboard in comparison to the other positions.