Advancements in Incident Investigations in the Oil & Gas Industry - Moving Beyond Conventional Methodologies
Authors: Tayab Muhammad , Al Suwaidi Hamda , Lari Maryam , Kumar Pravin , Shah Vishal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Incident investigations within the oil and gas industry play a pivotal role in enhancing safety, operational efficiency, and regulatory compliance. However, conventional methodologies often exhibit inherent weaknesses, leading to limited insights and recurrent incidents. This paper examines the shortcomings of traditional approaches, including superficial analyses and reliance on proximate causes, which hinder the identification of underlying systemic issues. In response to these limitations, contemporary methodologies are emerging, emphasizing deeper reviews that delve beyond immediate factors to uncover systemic vulnerabilities and latent failures within organizational structures, processes, and culture. By adopting a systems-based approach, these methods enable a comprehensive understanding of complex interactions and root causes, facilitating targeted interventions and proactive risk management strategies. A review of significant incidents in the oil and gas industry, spanning different operational contexts (e.g., drilling, production, transportation) and analysis of the methodologies employed in these investigations, including strengths, weaknesses, and outcomes, to identify common challenges and opportunities for improvement is presented. A comparative analysis to include compare conventional incident investigation methodologies with contemporary approaches, focusing on key dimensions such as scope, rigor, stakeholder involvement, and integration of advanced analytical tools (e.g., root cause analysis, human factors analysis, and probabilistic risk assessment) was performed. In depth systems thinking principles to dissect the complexity of incidents to assess how traditional methodologies tend to focus on immediate causes and individual failures, whereas contemporary approaches emphasize systemic factors, including organizational culture, regulatory compliance, and industry norms.
The analysis revealed significant shortcomings in traditional incident investigation methodologies within the oil and gas industry, including a tendency to focus on proximate causes, limited stakeholder involvement, and a lack of systemic perspective. These weaknesses contribute to recurring incidents and hinder organizational learning and improvement. The study identified several emerging trends in incident investigations, including the adoption of systems-based approaches, integration of advanced analytical techniques, and increased emphasis on organizational culture and human factors. These trends signify a paradigm shift towards more holistic, proactive, and data-driven methodologies. Interviews and surveys with industry professionals highlighted diverse perspectives on incident investigation practices, ranging from skepticism towards traditional approaches to enthusiasm for innovative methodologies. Stakeholders emphasized the need for greater transparency, accountability, and organizational learning in incident investigations. Overall, the results of this study underscored the importance of advancing incident investigation methodologies in the oil and gas industry to enhance safety, mitigate risks, and foster a culture of continuous improvement and operational excellence. By embracing innovative approaches and leveraging emerging technologies, organizations can better identify and address the root causes of incidents, ultimately improving safety performance and protecting personnel, assets, and the environment.
The novel aspect of advancements in incident investigations is the increased emphasis on systems thinking. Unlike conventional methodologies that often focus on isolated causes and individual failures, contemporary approaches recognize the interconnectedness of various factors within complex systems. By adopting a systems-based perspective, investigators can uncover underlying systemic vulnerabilities and latent failures that contribute to incidents, leading to more effective preventive measures and risk management strategies. Overall, these novel aspects of advancements in incident investigations represent a paradigm shift towards more holistic, proactive, and data-driven approaches within the oil and gas industry. By embracing systems thinking, human factors analysis, advanced analytics, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a culture of continuous improvement, organizations can enhance their ability to prevent incidents, mitigate risks, and promote a safer and more sustainable operating environment.