bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Extreme Rainfall Event in Coastal South China During SCMREX‐2014: Formation and Roles of Rainband and Echo Trainings
Authors: Liu Xi , Luo Yali , Guan Zhaoyong , Zhang Da‐Lin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, an extreme rainfall event of 451 mm in 20 hr that occurred in coastal South China on 11 May 2014 during the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment is investigated using integrated observations from the dual‐Doppler radar pair, polarimetric radar, extensive mesonetwork, and enhanced upper‐air soundings. Results show the generation of the extreme rainfall by two consecutive mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) consisting of multiple meso‐β‐scale rainbands. The two MCSs are maintained by lifting southerly oceanic flows over a quasi‐stationary mesoscale outflow boundary (MOB) along the coastline that are enhanced by convectively generated weak cold pool. Northeastward “echo training” of convective cells, under the influence of environmental southwesterly flows, leads to the formation of the multiple rainbands in each MCS. Their subsequent propagations in a “rainband training” form, together with the echo training, along the coastline account for the production of extreme rainfall. The second MCS is characterized with a leading bowing rainband showing a process of rapid splitting and reestablishment (RSRE), which contributes to the formation of the rainband training. The occurrence of the RSRE process requires ample supply of unstable upstream oceanic air mass, the quasi‐stationary MOB, and a bowing rainband intersecting with the MOB. The second MCS produces more precipitation than the first one as a result of more rainbands, stronger convective intensity, and more moderate‐sized raindrops with larger maximal sizes. The above findings, especially the RSRE process and its associated storm internal circulation, appear to add new Insights into the formation and maintenance of training rainbands and their roles in heavy rainfall production.
Atmospheric River Impacts on Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance
Authors: Mattingly K. S. , Mote T. L. , Fettweis X. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGreenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass loss has accelerated since the turn of the twenty‐first century. Several recent episodes of rapid GrIS ablation coincided with intense moisture transport over Greenland by atmospheric rivers (ARs), suggesting that these events influence the evolution of GrIS surface mass balance (SMB). ARs likely provide melt energy through several physical mechanisms, and conversely, may increase SMB through enhanced snow accumulation. In this study, we compile a long‐term (1980–2016) record of moisture transport events using a conventional AR identification algorithm as well as a self‐organizing map classification applied to MERRA‐2 data. We then analyze AR effects on the GrIS using melt data from passive microwave satellite observations and regional climate model output. Results show that anomalously strong moisture transport by ARs clearly contributed to increased GrIS mass loss in recent years. AR activity over Greenland was above normal throughout the 2000s and early 2010s, and recent melting seasons with above‐average GrIS melt feature positive moisture transport anomalies over Greenland. Analysis of individual AR impacts shows a pronounced increase in GrIS surface melt after strong AR events. AR effects on SMB are more complex, as strong summer ARs cause sharp SMB losses in the ablation zone that exceed moderate SMB gains induced by ARs in the accumulation zone during summer and in all areas during other seasons. Our results demonstrate the influence of the strongest ARs in controlling GrIS SMB, and we conclude that projections of future GrIS SMB should accurately capture these rare ephemeral events.
Peri-arterial Autonomic Innervation of the Human Ear
Authors: Cakmak Yusuf Ozgur , Cotofana Sebastian , Jäger Carsten , Morawski Markus , Sora Mircea-Constantin , Werner Michael , Hammer Niels 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAuricular vasomotor responses are considered to be signs of clinical conditions including migraine. The mechanisms of auricular vasomotor control are still debatable. This study aimed at investigating perivascular co-transmitters of vasomotor control in the auricle. Another aim was to provide three-dimensional arterial maps of the auricle, as a proxy of periarterial autonomic innervation. Twelve paired human auricles were used to visualize the arteries following Spalteholz clearing and μ-CT-based reconstruction. Perivascular innervation staining was conducted using anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), anti-neuropeptide Y (NPY), anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and anti-choline acetyl transferase (ChAT). The combined Spalteholz technique and μ-CT revealed a highly consistent arrangement of the auricular vasculature. The superficial temporal (STA) and posterior auricular artery (PAA) supply the helical rim arcade and arcade, with the STA mainly forming the superior and the PAA forming the middle and inferior auricular artery. Co-existence of sympathetic NPY+ and TH+ terminals mediating vasoconstriction, and VIP+ and ACh+ indicating cholinergic vasodilatation, was found in the perivascular zone. The presence of both sympathetic vasoconstriction and cholinergic co-innervation for active vasodilatation was shown in the perivascular auricular zone. Assuming that the highly-consistent vasculature gives way to these terminals, this periarterial innervation may be found spread out across the helix.
Exploratory study examining the at-home feasibility of a wearable tool for social-affective learning in children with autism
Authors: Daniels Jena , Schwartz Jessey N. , Voss Catalin , Haber Nick , Fazel Azar , Kline Aaron , Washington Peter , Feinstein Carl , Winograd Terry , Wall Dennis P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough standard behavioral interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are effective therapies for social deficits, they face criticism for being time-intensive and overdependent on specialists. Earlier starting age of therapy is a strong predictor of later success, but waitlists for therapies can be 18 months long. To address these complications, we developed Superpower Glass, a machine-learning-assisted software system that runs on Google Glass and an Android smartphone, designed for use during social interactions. This pilot exploratory study examines our prototype tool’s potential for social-affective learning for children with autism. We sent our tool home with 14 families and assessed changes from intake to conclusion through the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2), a facial affect recognition task (EGG), and qualitative parent reports. A repeated-measures one-way ANOVA demonstrated a decrease in SRS-2 total scores by an average 7.14 points (F(1,13) = 33.20, p = <.001, higher scores indicate higher ASD severity). EGG scores also increased by an average 9.55 correct responses (F(1,10) = 11.89, p = <.01). Parents reported increased eye contact and greater social acuity. This feasibility study supports using mobile technologies for potential therapeutic purposes.
Der Baroreflex: Physiologie, klinische Bedeutung und Diagnostik
Authors: Steger Alexander , Müller Alexander , Sinnecker Daniel , Dommasch Michael , Heidegger Helene , Huster Katharina , Barthel Petra , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Schmidt Georg 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Baroreflex ist ein Mechanismus zur Aufrechterhaltung der kardiovaskulären Homöostase. Ein Anstieg des Blutdruckes führt, vermittelt durch das vegetative Nervensystem, gegenregulatorisch zu einem Abfall der Herzfrequenz und zu einer Dilatation der Widerstandsgefäße und umgekehrt. Dadurch werden überschießende Blutdruckschwankungen verhindert. Das Ausmaß der Baroreflexantwort ist ein starker und unabhängiger Prädiktor für Überleben und kardiale Ereignisse. Bei Erkrankungen des Herzkreislaufsystems liegt häufig ein pathologisch abgeschwächter Baroreflex vor. Adäquates Therapieansprechen dieser Patienten kann neben einer verbesserten Prognose mit einer Normalisierung der Baroreflexantwort einhergehen. Eine quantitative Beschreibung der Baroreflexantwort auf Blutdruckschwankungen ist die Baroreflexsensitivität (BRS). Es existieren verschiedene Methoden zur Bestimmung der Baroreflexsensitivität. Um die flächendeckende Implementierung dieser Verfahren in der klinischen Routine voranzutreiben, werden in Zukunft eine Optimierung in Bezug auf Messbarkeit und Reliabilität, die Etablierung von Referenzwerten sowie große prospektive Validierungsstudien vonnöten sein.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS): Pathophysiologic Basics, Actual Indications and Results with Review of the Literature
Authors: Strunk Holger , Marinova Milka 
Published: July 2018

Background Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a non-selective portosystemic shunt created using endovascular techniques. During recent years technical improvements and new insights into pathophysiology have modified indications for TIPS placement. In this article we therefore want to discuss current knowledge.
Method A literature review was performed to review and discuss the pathophysiology, indications and results of the TIPS procedure.
Results Established TIPS indications are persistent bleeding despite combined pharmacological and endoscopic therapy and rebleeding during the first five days. A new indication in the European recommendations is early TIPS placement within 72 hours, ideally within 24 hours, in patients bleeding from esophageal or gastroesophageal varices at high risk for treatment failure (e. g. Child-Pugh class C < 14 points or Child-Pugh class B with active bleeding) after initial pharmacological and endoscopic therapy. For prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage in the recommendations, covered TIPS placement is the treatment of choice only after failed first-line therapy, although numerous TIPS studies show a prolonged time to rebleeding and a reduction of mortality. Similarly for secondary prophylaxis in patients with refractory ascites, covered TIPS placement may be considered only if the patient continues to be intolerant to NSBBs and is an appropriate TIPS candidate even though studies show that the TIPS procedure controls ascites, improves survival and renal function better than paracentesis. Potential indications for TIPS implantation are Budd-Chiari syndrome, acute portal vein thromboses, hydrothorax, hepatopulmonary and hepatorenal syndrome (Typ 2), portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and prophylaxis of complications of abdominal surgery, very rarely bleeding in ectopic varices or in patients with chylothorax or chylous ascites.
Conclusion TIPS placement is an established procedure with a new indication as “early TIPS”. In the European recommendations it is only the second-line therapy for prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage and for secondary prophylaxis in patients with refractory ascites although several studies showed a clear benefit of the TIPS procedure compared to ligation and NSBBs.
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Ossäre Metastase eines Adenokarzinom an einer Fingerphalanx
Authors: Millrose Michael , Buehren Volker , Heidenreich Christoph 
Published: July 2018

FallberichtEine 50-jährige Patientin stellte sich im Januar 2017 mit einer stark schmerzhaften Verdickung des linken Ringfingers in der Sprechstunde vor. Diese Schwellung
bestand bereits seit ca. sechs Monaten. Ein auslösendes Trauma war ihr nicht erinnerlich.
Degenerative Veränderungen an Hand und Handgelenk bei MMA-Kämpfern – Eine MRT Studie im Vergleich zu Boxern
Authors: Mayer Constantin , Hilsmann Falk , Wiechmann Gerald Julius , Zilkens Christoph , Krauspe Rüdiger , Schleich Christoph 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) ist eine Kombination verschiedener Kampfsportarten. Akute Verletzungen sind bekannt und in der Literatur allgemein
beschrieben. Nichtsdestotrotz gibt es kaum Erkenntnisse über degenerative Veränderungen am muskuloskelettalen System. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Bestimmung
des Einflusses von beim MMA genutzten Techniken auf das Auftreten degenerativer Veränderungen im Vergleich zum klassischen Boxen.
Methoden: Hierzu wurden 11 MMA-Kämpfer und 10 Boxer mit chronischen Handgelenkschmerzen klinisch untersucht. Alter, Gewicht, Erfahrung, Anzahl der Kämpfe
und wöchentliche Trainingsstunden wurden erfragt. Um die degenerativen Veränderungen zu bestimmen, wurde ein MRT der schmerzhaften Hand ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: Erfahrung, Niveau des Wettbewerbs und Anzahl der Kämpfe waren nicht signifikant unterschiedlich in beiden Sportgruppen (p < 0,05), jedoch
trainierten die MMA-Kämpfer signifikant mehr Stunden pro Woche (19,5 vs. 8,5 h/w; p < 0,001). Allerdings hatten die MMA-Kämpfer öfter und schwerwiegendere
degenerative Veränderungen an allen untersuchten Strukturen (Knochen, Faserknorpel, Bänder und Sehnen). In der Kategorie „Knochen“ waren die Unterschiede
signifikant (p = 0,002).
Schlussfolgerung: MMA-Kämpfer zeigen eine höhere Inzidenz und einen höheren Grad an degenerativen Veränderungen an Hand und Handgelenk. Genaue Erklärungen
sind noch nicht bekannt. Weitere Forschung wird benötigt, um den Einfluss der Techniken auf die Schwere der degenerativen Veränderungen an Hand und Handgelenk
zu bestimmen.
Antithrombin III Kumamoto: Identification of a Point Mutation and Genotype Analysis of the Family
Authors: Ueyama Hidetsugu , Murakami Tatsufumi , Nishiguchi Seiji , Maeda Shuichiro , Hashimoto Yoichiro , Okajima Kenji , Shimada Kazunori , Araki Shukuro 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe previously reported a variant antithrombin III (AT III Kumamoto) associated with a 31-year-old female who suffered from recurrent thrombotic episodes (1). To define the molecular basis for the variant AT III, we used a combination of genomic amplification followed by cloning, sequencing, and hybridization with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. We obtained evidence for a cytosine to thymine transition in exon 2 (codon 47) of the AT III gene in the proband. This mutation converts arginine 47 to cysteine. Oligonucleotide hybridization procedures were used for confirmation of the mutation and for genotype analysis of the family members
The Effect of Lysed Platelets on Neutralization of Heparin In Vitro with Protamine as Measured by the Activated Coagulation Time (ACT)
Authors: Bode Arthur P , Castellani William J , Hodges Edna D , Yelverton Susan 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effect of lysed platelets on the activated coagulation time (ACT) was studied in heparinized whole blood during titration with protamine. Frozen-thawed washed platelet suspension, or a chromatography fraction thereof, or autologous frozen-thawed platelet-rich plasma was added in various dilutions to freshly drawn blood anticoagulated with 3,000 USP units/1 heparin. After a 10 min incubation, the amount of protamine needed to restore the ACT to baseline ("protamine titration dose") was determined. We found that the protamine titration dose decreased in proportion to the amount of lysed platelet material added; expressed as a percentage of the total number of platelets present, each unit increase in lysed platelets produced a 1.7% ±0.8 (SD) reduction in the protamine dose needed to normalize the ACT. A heparin activity assay showed that this effect was not due to antiheparin activity of lysed platelets such as platelet factor 4 (PF4). Our data indicate that the procoagulant activity of platelet membranes reduced the sensitivity of the ACT to heparin. These findings suggest that membranous platelet microparticles may cause an inaccurate calculation, based on the ACT, of a protamine dose to reverse heparin anticoagulation in cardiopulmonary bypass procedures.
Variable Effects of Radiological Contrast Media on Thrombus Growth in a Rabbit Jugular Vein Thrombosis Model
Authors: Levi Marcel , Biemond Bart J , Sturk Augueste , Hoek Jaap , ten Cate Jan Wouter 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe studied the effect of an ionic high osmolar contrast medium (Ioxitalamate), an ionic low osmolar contrast medium (Ioxaglate) and various nonionic low osmolar contrast media (Iopamidol, Iopromide and Iohexol) on thrombus growth in a rabbit jugular vein thrombosis model. Thrombus growth was determined by the accretion of 125I-labeled fibrinogen onto autologous preformed thrombi in rabbit jugular veins at various time-intervals from 15 min up to 10 h after infusion of the study solution.The ionic low osmolar contrast medium markedly inhibited thrombus growth whereas all nonionic low osmolar contrast media promoted thrombus growth. The ionic high osmolar contrast medium inhibited thrombus growth, but less than the ionic low osmolar contrast medium. Within the group of nonionic contrast media, the Iopamidol associated promotion of thrombus growth was significantly higher than the Iopromide or Iohexol associated effects. The simultaneous administration of the apparently most potent thrombus growth promoting contrast medium (i.e. Iopamidol) and heparin resulted in complete abolishment of the increase in thrombus growth.These results support the claims of prothrombotic properties of nonionic as compared to ionic contrast media and could explain the clinically encountered thromboembolic complications after the use of nonionic low osmolar contrast media.
Low Levels of the Anticoagulant Activity of Protein C in Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency: an Inhibitor of Protein C Is Present in Uremic Plasma
Authors: Faioni Elena M , Franchi Franca , Krachmalnicoff Alessandro , Valsecchi Carla , Viganò Gian Luigi , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTwenty-nine of 54 uremic patients had low levels of protein C measured as anticoagulant activity, contrasting with normal levels measured as amidolytic activity or antigenic concentration. We demonstrate that this discrepancy is due to the presence of a soluble plasma inhibitor that interferes specifically with the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C. The inhibitor does not interfere with other coagulation assays. It is resistent to diisopropylfluorophosphate, high temperatures and repeated freezing and thawing. It can be dissociated from protein C by anti-protein C antibodies or by dialysis in vitro and in vivo. It binds to positively charged resins and can be eluted with high salt concentrations without losing its inhibitory capacity. The inhibitory effect is correlated with plasma creatinine levels and fluctuates with time.
PAI-1 Plays an Important Role in the Expression of t-PA Activity in the Euglobulin Clot Lysis by Controlling the Concentration of Free t-PA
Authors: Urano Tetsumei , Sumiyoshi Kenichi , Pietraszek Michal H , Takada Yumiko , Takada Akikazu 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe antigen levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were assayed in the plasma and in the euglobulin fraction, and their contributions to the euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) and t-PA activity were analyzed. Total and free PAI-1 levels in both fractions showed significant positive correlation with ECLT (p <0.001), whereas t-PA antigen level did not have a high correlation coefficient with ECLT. t-PA activity showed significant negative correlation with ECLT (p <0.001) and positive correlation with free t-PA level (p <0.001), which was calculated by the ratio of the concentrations of t-PA-PAI-1 complex and the free PAI-1. Thus free t-PA seems to dissolve the euglobulin clot and its concentration seems to be controlled by the concentration of free PAI-1. These findings were confirmed by the analyses of the effects of C1-inactivator and antibody against t-PA to regular ECLT and kaolin activated ECLT, the latter of which was only inhibited by the addition of C1-inactivator whereas the former was inhibited by anti-t-PA antibody.
Mechanism of Action of a Potent Antiplatelet Peptide, Triflavin from Trimeresurus flavoviridis Snake Venom
Authors: Huang Tur-Fu , Sheu Joen-Rong , Teng Che-Ming 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTriflavin, an antiplatelet peptide from Trimeresurus flavoviridis snake venom, inhibits aggregation of human platelets stimulated by a variety of agonists. However, triflavin does not affect the shape change and release reaction of platelets stimulated by thrombin and collagen. In this paper, we further investigate its effect on the intracellular events occurring after the activation of platelets. Triflavin does not inhibit the intracellular free calcium rise of Quin 2-AM loaded platelets stimulated by thrombin and it also has no significant effect on thromboxane B2 formation of platelets stimulated by thrombin. Triflavin does not affect the 3(H)-inositol monophosphate formation of the 3(H)-myoinositol loaded platelets. However, triflavin dose-dependently inhibits fibrinogen-induced aggregation and 125I-fibrinogen binding of ADP-stimulated platelets. In addition, triflavin dose-dependently blocks fibrinogen-induced aggregation of elastase-treated platelets. It is concluded that triflavin specifically inhibits fibrinogen binding to fibrinogen receptors associated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex on platelet membrane surface without any inhibitory effect on the platelet-activation process.
An Anti-Tissue Factor Monoclonal Antibody which Inhibits TF Vlla Complex Is a Potent Anticoagulant in Plasma
Authors: Ruf Wolfram , Edgington Thomas S 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTissue factor (TF) functions as the receptor and cofactor for factor VIIa (VIIa) to form a proteolytically active TFVIIa complex on cell surfaces. We here demonstrate that most MAbs against human TF were poor inhibitors of TF function in plasma and that they inhibited preformed TF-VIIa complex at a slow rate which was dependent on dissociation of VIIa from the cell surface TF. An exception was defined by one MAb (TF8-5G9) which was an effective immediate anticoagulant in plasma. Binding of TF8-5G9 to TF-VIIa inhibited catalytic function prior to dissociation of the TF-VIIa complex. This analysis thus establishes two distinct mechanisms by which MAbs interfere with TF function. The MAb TF8-5G9 introduces a therapeutic principle for rapid arrest of inappropriate triggering of coagulation by TF as well as the TF-VIIa complex in vivo.
Amidolytic Detection of Prothrombin Activation Products after SDS-Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Tans Guido , Janssen-Claessen Truus , Rosing Jan 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn this paper we report a method via which enzymatically active products formed during prothrombin activation can be detected by simple photographic means after SDS-gel electrophoresis, blotting onto a nitrocellulose membrane and visualization with the chromogenic substrate, S2238. After amidolytic detection the same nitrocellulose membrane can also be used for immunologic detection of prothrombin activation products, thus allowing a complete description of product formation during prothrombin activation.The detection limit of the so-called “amidoblot” is approximately 3 ng thrombin per gel sample which is comparable to the sensitivity of immunoblotting.It is further shown that the amidoblot technique can also be applied to other coagulation factors for which a suitable chromogenic substrate is available (factor XIIa, kallikrein, factor XIa, factor Xa, plasmin and activated protein C).
Protein Synthesis Inhibition by Cycloheximide Does Not Affect the Acute Release of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Tranquille N , Emeis J J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe acute release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) was studied in perfused rat hindlegs. Pretreatment of rats with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (2 mg/kg) at 1, 3 or 5 h prior to perfusion of rat hindlegs did not influence the amount of t-PA released by platelet-activating factor (20 nM) or bradykinin (1 μM). The amount of t-PA activity that could be extracted from hindleg skeletal muscle was not decreased by cycloheximide pretreatment though it was decreased in lung extracts. The in vivo release of t-PA was not affected by cycloheximide pre treatment. The data suggest that the acute release of t-PA from vascular endothelial cells does not require ongoing protein synthesis, but that acutely released t-PA is derived from a stable endothelial storage pool.