bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Attraction to Human Odors: Validation of a Two-Choice Olfactometer
Authors: DeVries Zachary C , Saveer Ahmed M , Mick Russell , Schal Coby 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites, and, therefore, must locate suitable hosts to ensure survival and reproduction. Their largely nocturnal activity suggests that chemosensory and thermosensory cues would play critical roles in host location. Yet, the importance of olfaction in host attraction of bed bugs remains unclear. We developed and validated a Y-tube, two-choice olfactometer and tested its suitability for investigating attraction to human odors (from skin swabs). Olfactometer orientation significantly affected the percentage of bed bugs that were activated by human odors, with significantly more bed bugs responding when the olfactometer was oriented vertically (bug introduced at bottom of the olfactometer) compared with all other orientations. Starved (7–10 d) adult males, mated females, and nymphs responded (47–77% moved up the olfactometer and made a choice) when human odors were present in the olfactometer, while starved, unmated females did not respond. Skin swabs from all five human participants elicited high response rates (65–82%), and bed bugs from four different populations responded to skin swabs (40–82% response rate). However, in all assays including those resulting in relatively low response rates, bed bugs exhibited &gt;90% preference for human odors over blank controls. These results provide strong evidence that bed bugs can respond and orient towards human odors, independently of all other host cues. Furthermore, the validated olfactometer should enable rapid and efficient evaluations of bed bug behavioral responses to semiochemicals.
Molecular tools for the pathologic diagnosis of central nervous system tumors
Authors: Priesterbach-Ackley Loudy P , Wesseling Pieter , Snijders Tom J , de Vos Filip Y F L , de Leng Wendy W J 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Molecular diagnostics currently has a crucial role in neuro-oncological patient care. (Epi)genetic assays testing for point mutations, copy number variations, gene fusions, translocations, and methylation status are of main diagnostic interest in neuro-oncology. Multiple assays have been developed for this purpose, ranging from single gene tests to high-throughput, integrated techniques enabling detection of multiple genetic aberrations in a single workflow. This review describes the nature of the simpler and more complex assays for molecular diagnostics of tumors of the central nervous system and briefly discusses their strengths and weaknesses.
Is It Actionable? An Evaluation of the Rapid PCR-Based Blood Culture Identification Panel on the Management of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Blood Stream Infections
Authors: Tseng Andrew S , Kasule Sabirah N , Rice Felicia , Mi Lanyu , Chan Lynn , Seville Maria T , Grys Thomas E 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
There is growing interest in the use of rapid blood culture identification (BCID) in antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). Although many studies have looked at its clinical and economic utility, its comparative utility in gram-positive and gram-negative blood stream infections (BSIs) has not been as well characterized.

Methods
The study was a quasi-experimental retrospective study at the Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, Arizona. All adult patients with positive blood cultures before BCID implementation (June 2015 to December 2015) and after BCID implementation (June 2016 to December 2016) were included. The outcomes of interest included time to first appropriate antibiotic escalation, time to first appropriate antibiotic de-escalation, time to organism identification, length of stay, infectious diseases consultation, discharge disposition, and in-hospital mortality.

Results
In total, 203 patients were included in this study. There was a significant difference in the time to organism identification between the pre- and post-BCID cohorts (27.1 hours vs 3.3 hours, P &lt; .0001). BCID did not significantly reduce the time to first appropriate antimicrobial escalation or de-escalation for either gram-positive BSIs (GP-BSIs) or gram-negative BSIs (GN-BSIs). Providers were more likely to escalate antimicrobial therapy in GP-BSIs after gram stain and more likely to de-escalate therapy in GN-BSIs after susceptibilities. Although there were no significant differences in changes in antimicrobial therapy for organism identification by BCID vs traditional methods, more than one-quarter of providers (28.1%) made changes after organism identification. There were no differences in hospital length of stay or in-hospital mortality comparing pre- vs post-BCID.

Conclusions
Although BCID significantly reduced the time to identification for both GP-BSIs and GN-BSIs, BCID did not reduce the time to first appropriate antimicrobial escalation and de-escalation.
Surgical Dissection of a Perimedullary Fistula of Conus Medullaris With Long-Term Follow-Up: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Sorenson Thomas J , Lanzino Giuseppe 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Perimedullary fistulae of the spinal cord are rare vascular lesions that can present with different clinical patterns: hemorrhage, progressive myelopathy due to arterial steal and/or venous congestion, or symptoms due to compression of neural structures by engorged vessels. Treatment consists of surgical excision, endovascular embolization, or a combination of the two. If complete obliteration of the nidus exposes the patient to undue risk of permanent neurological deficits, incomplete obliteration with reduction of the vascular supply is a reasonable compromise to improve clinical symptomatology. Partial devascularization may also alter the natural history by decreasing the risk of further growth and bleeding. In this video we illustrate the case of a patient with a perimedullary fistula of the conus treated with surgical disconnection of the main fistulous component. Partial devascularization resulted in resolution of MRI signal changes and symptoms with documented good clinical and radiological outcome and progressive regression of the residual nidus over six years of follow-up.
Awake Implantation of Thoracic Spinal Cord Stimulator Paddle Electrode and Generator: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Chen Kevin S , Sagher Oren 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this surgical video, the operative technique is presented for awake implantation of a thoracic paddle electrode for spinal cord stimulation. In the first stage, a laminotomy is performed with the patient under conscious sedation. Once the paddle is in optimal position, the patient is tested intraoperatively to confirm adequate coverage and absence of untoward side effects. This paddle electrode is used for the trial period. If the patient derives satisfactory pain relief during the trial, they are returned for the second stage implantation of pulse generator, without moving the initial paddle electrode now already placed in an optimal location. Particular attention in this video is provided toward the optimal positioning and technique for the awake laminotomy to ensure patient comfort and reliability during testing, the use of extension leads tunneled opposite the planned pulse generator site, and the method of removing extension leads to preserve the placement of the initial paddle electrode.
Exophytic Brainstem Cavernoma in the Floor of the Fourth Ventricle Midline Suboccipital Approach: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Bulstrode Harry J C J , McMillen Jason , Patel Krunal , Correia Jason , Guilfoyle Matthew , Young Adam , Santarius Thomas , Kirollos Ramez , Trivedi Rikin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This 3-dimensional operative video covers the suboccipital approach to a brainstem cavernoma of the floor of the fourth ventricle. Brainstem cavernomas are low-flow vascular lesions associated with a 2% to 6% annual bleed rate. Repeated bleeds typically result in progressive neurological deficit, and especially for exophytic lesions surgery may arrest this progression without significantly exacerbating pre-existing deficits. The approach to these lesions may be via any standard skull base approach, dictated in each lesion by the presentation to the pial surface. Here, we describe a suboccipital approach to an exophytic cavernoma of the floor of the fourth ventricle, arising caudal to the medial longitudinal fasciculus and facial colliculus. The 38-yr-old male patient had suffered a stepwise neurological deterioration secondary to repeated bleeds, and complete resection of the cavernoma demonstrated here arrested this progression.
The patient has provided signed consent to video acquisition and storage at operation, and to publication of this material.
Minimally Invasive Parafascicular Surgery for Resection of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations Utilizing Image-Guided BrainPath System
Authors: Goren Oded , Griessenauer Christoph J , Bohan Christian O , Berry Christopher M , Schirmer Clemens M 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The minimally invasive parafascicular approach provides a surgical corridor to reach deep lesions with minimal impact on the surrounding brain tissue.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach utilizing the image-guided tubular BrainPath system (NICO Corp, Indianapolis, Indiana) for the resection of deep and subcortical supratentorial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs).

METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who presented with subcortical CCMs treated with the BrainPath system. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, procedural complications, and clinical and imaging follow-up information were assessed.

RESULTS
Six patients were identified between December 2014 and November 2017 at a large volume academic institution in the United States. There were 3 males and 3 female patients with a median age of 25 yr. Locations included frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. In selected cases, the fiber-sparing trajectory imposed a longer approach than the closest distance to the brain surface. Except for 1 patient who suffered from surgical wound dehiscence, there were no operative complications in any of the cases. All patients remained neurologically stable postoperatively with a mean follow-up of 20 moh.

CONCLUSION
This small series suggests that the use of a minimally invasive surgical approach to CCMs utilizing the image-guided parafascicular tubular BrainPath system is feasible, safe, and effective.
Lower Fatigue in Fit and Positive Women with Fibromyalgia: The al-Ándalus Project
Authors: Estévez-López Fernando , Rodriguez-Ayllon María , Soriano-Maldonado Alberto , Acosta-Manzano Pedro , Segura-Jiménez Víctor , Álvarez-Gallardo Inmaculada C , Pulido-Martos Manuel , Herrador-Colmenero Manuel , Geenen Rinie , Carbonell-Baeza Ana , Delgado-Fernández Manuel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze 1) the independent association of physical fitness, positive affect, and negative affect with the different dimensions of fatigue (general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced activity, reduced motivation, and mental fatigue) and 2) whether the interactions of physical fitness, positive affect, and negative affect were associated with fatigue over and above the independent association.DesignCross-sectional study in 420 women with fibromyalgia.SettingFibromyalgia associations from southern Spain.MethodsPhysical fitness was measured by performance-based tests, and questionnaires were used to measure positive affect, negative affect, and different dimensions of fatigue (general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced activity, reduced motivation, and mental fatigue). Age, body mass index, and current pain level were included as potential confounders in all analyses.ResultsPhysical fitness was independently associated with general fatigue, physical fatigue, and reduced activity (all P ≤ 0.02). Positive affect was independently associated with all fatigue dimensions (all P &lt; 0.001). Negative affect was independently associated with general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced motivation, and mental fatigue (all P ≤ 0.04). The interaction of overall physical fitness and positive affect was related to general fatigue and physical fatigue (all P ≤ 0.02). Women with fibromyalgia with higher levels of overall physical fitness and positive affect showed the lowest general fatigue and physical fatigue.ConclusionsIn women with fibromyalgia, positive affect was independently and consistently associated with all dimensions of fatigue. The combination of higher levels of overall physical fitness and positive affect might serve as a buffer against general and physical fatigue in women with fibromyalgia.
CALIBRATION OF LOW ENERGY X-RAY EXPERIMENTAL SETUP WITH STRONGLY FILTERED BEAM USING DATA FROM A SEMICONDUCTOR AND A THERMOLUMINESCENT DETECTORS
Authors: Czub Joanna , Braziewicz Janusz , Brodecki Marcin , Gieszczyk Wojciech , Kłosowski Mariusz , Wasilewski Adam , Wołowiec Paweł , Wójcik Andrzej , Wysocka-Rabin Anna 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The calibration of low energy X-ray experimental setup with strongly filtered beam dedicated to radiobiological research was performed using the absorbed dose calculated from the data collected by two types detectors. For this purpose a semiconductor (Amptek, USA) and a thermoluminescent (Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow, Poland) detectors were applied. The absorbed dose in water values estimated by both detectors are in good agreement.
Using Machine Learning and Structural Neuroimaging to Detect First Episode Psychosis: Reconsidering the Evidence
Authors: Vieira Sandra , Gong Qi-yong , Pinaya Walter H L , Scarpazza Cristina , Tognin Stefania , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto , Tordesillas-Gutierrez Diana , Ortiz-García Victor , Setien-Suero Esther , Scheepers Floortje E , Van Haren Neeltje E M , Marques Tiago R , Murray Robin M , David Anthony , Dazzan Paola , McGuire Philip , Mechelli Andrea 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite the high level of interest in the use of machine learning (ML) and neuroimaging to detect psychosis at the individual level, the reliability of the findings is unclear due to potential methodological issues that may have inflated the existing literature. This study aimed to elucidate the extent to which the application of ML to neuroanatomical data allows detection of first episode psychosis (FEP), while putting in place methodological precautions to avoid overoptimistic results. We tested both traditional ML and an emerging approach known as deep learning (DL) using 3 feature sets of interest: (1) surface-based regional volumes and cortical thickness, (2) voxel-based gray matter volume (GMV) and (3) voxel-based cortical thickness (VBCT). To assess the reliability of the findings, we repeated all analyses in 5 independent datasets, totaling 956 participants (514 FEP and 444 within-site matched controls). The performance was assessed via nested cross-validation (CV) and cross-site CV. Accuracies ranged from 50% to 70% for surfaced-based features; from 50% to 63% for GMV; and from 51% to 68% for VBCT. The best accuracies (70%) were achieved when DL was applied to surface-based features; however, these models generalized poorly to other sites. Findings from this study suggest that, when methodological precautions are adopted to avoid overoptimistic results, detection of individuals in the early stages of psychosis is more challenging than originally thought. In light of this, we argue that the current evidence for the diagnostic value of ML and structural neuroimaging should be reconsidered toward a more cautious interpretation.
Immune and metabolic responses of beef heifers supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a combined viral-bacterial respiratory disease challenge
Authors: Word Alyssa B , Broadway P Rand , Burdick Sanchez Nicole C , Roberts Shelby L , Richeson John T , Liang Yu L , Holland Ben P , Cravey Matt D , Corley Jimmie R , Ballou Michael A , Carroll Jeffery A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Two treatments were evaluated in heifers to determine the effects of a yeast supplement on immune and metabolic responses to a combined (tandem viral-bacterial) respiratory disease challenge. Thirty-two beef heifers (325 ± 20.1 kg BW) were selected from a larger population previously assigned to one of two treatments: Control (CON), receiving no yeast supplement in the diet, or yeast (YST), CON diet plus a combination live yeast (2.5 g·heifer−1·d−1) and yeast cell wall (2.5 g·heifer−1·d−1) supplement (Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, Milwaukee, WI). Heifers were maintained on treatments for 31 d prior to the challenge. On day −3 all heifers were fitted with an indwelling vaginal temperature recording device, received an intranasal challenge with 2 × 108 plaque-forming units of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), and placed in outdoor pens. On day 0, all heifers were fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter, challenged intratracheally with an average dose of 3.0 × 107 colony-forming units (cfu) of Mannheimia haemolytica in 100 mL media, and were transferred into individual stanchions in an enclosed, environmentally controlled barn. Whole blood samples were collected at −72 h and at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h (hematology) and at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h (serum isolation) relative to M. haemolytica challenge (0 h). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS specific for repeated measures with fixed effects of treatment, time, and the treatment × time interaction. Vaginal temperature and cortisol concentrations were similar between treatments (P ≥ 0.39). Although total leukocyte count following BHV-1 challenge was similar between treatments (P = 0.21), there was a tendency (P = 0.07) for CON heifers to have greater neutrophil counts than YST heifers. Serum haptoglobin concentration was similar between treatments (P = 0.13). Heifers in the YST treatment had similar serum glucose concentrations (P = 0.25) and decreased serum concentrations of urea nitrogen compared to CON (P = 0.03). Dietary treatment did not affect serum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations (P = 0.37). Nasal lesion score severity (0–4) tended (P = 0.07) to be decreased in YST compared to CON (2.5 vs. 3.19 ± 0.26), while water intake tended to be increased in YST (P = 0.06). Feeding a yeast supplement had little effect on the acute-phase response but improved metabolic outcomes in heifers during a respiratory disease challenge.
Multigenerational Effects of Education Reform: Mother’s Education and Children’s Human Capital in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Vinish , Shrestha Rashesh 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The impact of national efforts to increase supply of education, such as Nepal’s National Education System Plan, may vary across social groups due to differences in social factors that determine access to and demand for education. This paper studies the heterogeneous impact of this reform across gender and caste groups—two important social dimensions in Nepal’s context—over two generations. It uses data from the Nepal National Population and Housing Census 2011 and implements a difference-in-differences framework that utilizes across district variation in intensity of the reform measured by placement of trained teachers per 100 children and across cohort variation in exposure determined by birth year. The study finds that the reform improved females’ education attainment, but such positive effects are not present among women belonging to lower-caste subgroups. In addition, it finds that the reform had positive effects on schooling of the next generation; the multigenerational effects are also concentrated among girls from higher-caste households. The study validates its main findings by conducting a placebo exercise on a sample of individuals who had surpassed their school-going age by the time of the reform.
Macropinocytosis and autophagy crosstalk in nutrient scavenging
Authors: Florey Oliver , Overholtzer Michael 
Published: December 2018

Adaptive strategies used by cells to scavenge and recycle essential nutrients are important for survival in nutrient-depleted environments such as cancer tissues. Autophagy and macropinocytosis are two major mechanisms that promote nutrient recycling and scavenging, which share considerable, yet poorly understood, cross-regulation. Here we review recent findings that connect these starvation response mechanisms and discuss the implications of their crosstalk.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Macropinocytosis’.
The origins and evolution of macropinocytosis
Authors: King Jason S. , Kay Robert R. 
Published: December 2018

In macropinocytosis, cells take up micrometre-sized droplets of medium into internal vesicles. These vesicles are acidified and fused to lysosomes, their contents digested and useful compounds extracted. Indigestible contents can be exocytosed. Macropinocytosis has been known for approaching 100 years and is described in both metazoa and amoebae, but not in plants or fungi. Its evolutionary origin goes back to at least the common ancestor of the amoebozoa and opisthokonts, with apparent secondary loss from fungi. The primary function of macropinocytosis in amoebae and some cancer cells is feeding, but the conserved processing pathway for macropinosomes, which involves shrinkage and the retrieval of membrane to the cell surface, has been adapted in immune cells for antigen presentation. Macropinocytic cups are large actin-driven processes, closely related to phagocytic cups and pseudopods and appear to be organized around a conserved signalling patch of PIP3, active Ras and active Rac that directs actin polymerization to its periphery. Patches can form spontaneously and must be sustained by excitable kinetics with strong cooperation from the actin cytoskeleton. Growth-factor signalling shares core components with macropinocytosis, based around phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), and we suggest that it evolved to take control of ancient feeding structures through a coupled growth factor receptor.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Macropinocytosis’.
Integrative analysis with expanded DNA methylation data reveals common key regulators and pathways in cancers
Authors: Fan Shicai , Tang Jianxiong , Li Nan , Zhao Ying , Ai Rizi , Zhang Kai , Wang Mengchi , Du Wei , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe integration of genomic and DNA methylation data has been demonstrated as a powerful strategy in understanding cancer mechanisms and identifying therapeutic targets. The TCGA consortium has mapped DNA methylation in thousands of cancer samples using Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450K BeadChip (Illumina 450K array) that only covers about 1.5% of CpGs in the human genome. Therefore, increasing the coverage of the DNA methylome would significantly leverage the usage of the TCGA data. Here, we present a new model called EAGLING that can expand the Illumina 450K array data 18 times to cover about 30% of the CpGs in the human genome. We applied it to analyze 13 cancers in TCGA. By integrating the expanded methylation, gene expression and somatic mutation data, we identified the genes showing differential patterns in each of the 13 cancers. Many of the triple-evidenced genes identified in the majority of the cancers are biomarkers or potential biomarkers. Pan-cancer analysis also revealed the pathways in which the triple-evidenced genes are enriched, which include well known ones as well as new ones such as axonal guidance signaling pathway and pathways related to inflammatory processing or inflammation response. Triple-evidenced genes, particularly TNXB, RRM2, CELSR3, SLC16A3, FANCI, MMP9, MMP11, SIK1, TRIM59, showed superior predictive power in both tumor diagnosis and prognosis. These results have demonstrated that the integrative analysis using the expanded methylation data is powerful in identifying critical genes/pathways that may serve as new therapeutic targets.