bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective separation of copper and nickel ions from aqueous solutions containing calcium by emulsion liquid membranes using central composite design
Authors: Ma Hao , Kökkılıç Ozan , Langlois Raymond , Song Xuejuan , Qin Yong , Waters Kristian E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe emulsion liquid membrane technique was utilized to selectively extract copper and nickel from a synthetic aqueous solution containing calcium, which was used to mimic a tailings stream found in the Sudbury region of Canada. The results showed copper and nickel ions were successively extracted from the synthetic solution. Two central composite designs and an analysis of the experiments were used to optimize the process and determine the main effects and interactions of experimental factors. In the first stage, copper was extracted with a minimum removal of nickel and calcium. It was found that under optimum conditions 98 % of the copper was extracted, with only 0.9 % of the nickel and 1.3 % of the calcium being extracted. The subsequent copper stripping efficiency was 95.7 %. In the second stage, the remaining aqueous solution was treated to remove nickel with minimum calcium removal. During this stage, the corresponding nickel and calcium removal percentages were 99.0 and 0.55 %, respectively, with a nickel stripping efficiency of 84.1 %. Laboratory bench‐scale tests using a two‐stage mixer‐settler showed a good correlation with these results when moving to a semi‐continuous process, which extracted 99.7 % of the copper and 98.2 % of the nickel, with only 2.2 % calcium extraction.
Using Electronic Health Records To Generate Phenotypes For Research
Authors: Pendergrass Sarah A. , Crawford Dana C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractElectronic health records contain patient‐level data collected during and for clinical care. Data within the electronic health record include diagnostic billing codes, procedure codes, vital signs, laboratory test results, clinical imaging, and physician notes. With repeated clinic visits, these data are longitudinal, providing important information on disease development, progression, and response to treatment or intervention strategies. The near universal adoption of electronic health records nationally has the potential to provide population‐scale real‐world clinical data accessible for biomedical research, including genetic association studies. For this research potential to be realized, high‐quality research‐grade variables must be extracted from these clinical data warehouses. We describe here common and emerging electronic phenotyping approaches applied to electronic health records, as well as current limitations of both the approaches and the biases associated with these clinically collected data that impact their use in research. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rapid Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazole Frameworks in Laser‐Induced Graphene Microreactors
Authors: Xie Yunchao , Zhang Chi , Su Jheng‐Wun , Deng Heng , Zhang Cheng , Lin Jian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVarious approaches to synthesize zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) have been developed, such as solvothermal, sonochemical, microfluidic, and mechanochemical reactions. However, most of them are time consuming and involve complex processing steps, thus they cannot rapidly screen potential candidates to obtain ZIFs on demand. Such a challenge calls for efficient synthetic approaches. Herein, this challenge is overcome by employing two nonconventional heating strategies, that is, microwave and Joule heating, which are induced by laser‐induced graphene (LIG) microreactors, to rapidly synthesize ZIFs. In the first reaction, the LIG acts as a susceptor that absorbs electromagnetic energy, which is converted into heat. In the latter one, LIG acts an electrical conductor that converts electrical energy to heat. Both of them can rapidly heat up the reactor, accelerating the crystal growth for synthesizing ZIFs with well‐controlled morphology and crystallinity. To demonstrate a conceptual application, a ZIF‐67/LIG composite was converted into Co/CoNC/LIG by a CO2 laser‐induced process. It showed excellent performance in the oxygen reduction reaction with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.798 V, and superior methanol tolerance and long‐term stability. These rapid and facile synthesis methodologies will enable quick optimization of reaction conditions and fast screening of compound libraries for searching new materials, paving the way to high‐throughput and autonomous nanomanufacturing.
On the passivity of the quasi‐static partial element equivalent circuit method
Authors: Ferranti Francesco , Romano Daniele , Antonini Giulio 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) electromagnetic method has attracted a lot of attention for its capability to give a circuit interpretation to Maxwell's equations. The PEEC equivalent circuits are usually connected with terminations such as drivers and receivers in a time‐domain circuit simulator.Passivity is a fundamental property for the time‐domain simulations of circuit models connected to terminations at their electrical ports. Stable, but nonpassive, models can produce unstable systems when connected to other stable, even passive, loads.The so‐called quasi‐static PEEC formulations leads to a descriptor state‐space circuital representation of the electromagnetic phenomena. Multiple state‐space representations are possible.In this paper, we study the passivity property of different quasi‐static PEEC representations in detail. A novel analytical additive decomposition is proposed concerning the admittance formulation, which allows extracting the polynomial part of the transfer function that represents the behavior at infinity in the Laplace domain. This decomposition is discussed from a mathematical and a physical point of view. Such a detailed study for the passivity of quasi‐static PEEC models and the novel analytical decomposition is not available in the literature. Numerical results support the theoretical analysis.
Glucose homeostasis in statin users—The LIFESTAT study
Authors: Morville Thomas , Dohlmann Tine , Kuhlman Anja B. , Monberg Tine , Torp Mimmi , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J. , Larsen Steen , Helge Jørn W. , Dela Flemming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundStatins are widely used to lower cholesterol concentrations in both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The treatment increases the risk of muscle pain (myalgia) and of type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain disputed.MethodsWe investigated whether statin induced myalgia is coupled to impaired glucose homeostasis using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. We performed a cross‐sectional study of statin users without CVD (primary prevention) stratified into a statin myalgic (M; n = 25) and a non‐myalgic (NM; n = 39) group as well as a control group (C; n = 20) consisting of non‐statin users.ResultsA reduction in the insulin secretion rate during the OGTT was observed in the myalgic group compared with the non‐myalgic group (AUC ISROGTT, C: 1032 (683 ‐ 1500); M: 922 (678 ‐ 1091); NM: 1089 (933 ‐ 1391) pmol·L−1·min (median with 25%‐75% percentiles), but no other measurements indicated impaired β‐cell function. We found no other differences between the three groups for other measurements in the OGTT, IVGTT, and euglycemic clamp. Muscle protein content of GLUT4 and hexokinase II was similar between the three groups.ConclusionsWe conclude that statin users in primary prevention experiencing myalgia do not have impaired glucose homeostasis compared with other statin users or non‐users. We consider this an important aspect in the dialogue between physician and patient regarding statin treatment and adverse effects.
Highly sensitive multiplex protein detection by droplet‐free digital ELISA
Authors: Akama Kenji , Shirai Kentaro , Suzuki Seigo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDigital enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a single molecule counting technology and is one of the most sensitive immunoassay methods. The key aspect of this technology is to concentrate enzyme reaction products from a single target molecule in femtoliter droplets. On the other hand, we have developed a novel Digital ELISA that does not require droplets; instead, enzyme reaction products are concentrated using a tyramide signal amplification system. In this study, we present a method that enables the multiplex detection of proteins based on Droplet‐free Digital ELISA. First, two types of paramagnetic beads immobilized with antibodies specific to different target proteins were incubated with a sample solution, and target proteins were captured on their specific beads. Then, these beads were labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and tyramide substrate reacted with HRP on beads, resulting in products of this reaction deposited on those beads. This signal amplification on beads makes it possible to count the number of labeled beads digitally. We used this approach to simultaneously detect IL‐6 and HBs Ag with single molecule resolution. The obtained limit of detections were 0.1 pg/mL and 0.013 IU/mL, respectively. Our method has potential applications in simple in vitro diagnostic systems for simultaneous and high‐sensitive detection of protein biomarkers.
Belowground plant parts are crucial for comprehensively estimating total plant richness in herbaceous and woody habitats
Authors: Träger Sabrina , Öpik Maarja , Vasar Martti , Wilson Scott D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMost studies consider aboveground plant species richness as a representative biodiversity measure. This approach inevitably assumes that the partitioning of total plant species richness into above‐ and belowground components is constant or at least consistent within and across vegetation types. However, with studies considering belowground plant richness still scarce and completely absent along vegetation gradients, this assumption lacks experimental support. Novel DNA sequencing techniques allow economical, high‐throughput species identification of belowground environmental samples, enabling the measurement of the contributions of both above‐ and belowground plant components to total plant richness. We investigated above‐ and belowground plant species richness in four vegetation types (birch forest, heath, low alpine tundra, high alpine tundra) at the scale of herbaceous plant neighborhoods (dm) using 454 sequencing of the chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron to determine the plant species richness of environmental root samples and combined it with aboveground data from vegetation surveys to obtain total plant species richness. We correlated the measured plant species richness components with each other and with their respective plant biomass components within and across vegetation types. Total plant species richness exceeded aboveground richness twice on average and by as much as three times in low alpine tundra, indicating that a significant fraction of belowground plant richness cannot be recorded aboveground. More importantly, no consistent relationship among richness components (above‐ and belowground) was found within or across vegetation types, indicating that aboveground richness alone cannot predict total plant richness in contrasting vegetation types. Finally, no consistent relationship between plant richness and the corresponding biomass component was found. Our results clearly show that aboveground plant richness alone is a poor estimator of total plant species richness within and across different vegetation types. Consequently, it is crucial to account for belowground plant richness in future plant ecological studies in order to validate currently accepted plant richness patterns, as well as to measure potential changes in plant community composition in a changing environment.
Economic analysis of operating reserve using forecasted variable renewable generation
Authors: Izumida Yuki , Asano Hiroshi , Bando Shigeru 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe installed capacity of variable renewable generation (VRG) has been rapidly increasing in Japan. Consequently, there is concerned shortage of operating reserve, which compensates demand and supply imbalance. In this study, we analyze the economy of operating reserve by supply‐demand simulation in Tohoku area. First, we use historical weather data to calculate forecast and actual output of VRG, and analyze characteristics of prediction errors. Second, we calculate operating cost (fuel cost and start‐up cost and sodium‐sulfur battery cost and lithium‐ion battery cost) by using of unit commitment and economic load dispatch. Finally, operating reserve cost is derived by operating cost, and analyze economic characteristics. As a result, it became clear that operating reserve cost is (1) having different cost for each month, (2) depends on fleet of thermal generation on grid, and (3) amount of VRG prediction error and characteristic of overprediction/underprediction.
Development trends in mechanised tunnelling
Authors: Wehrmeyer Gerhard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article reports on the development of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in the past decades and the current state of the art. The development is presented with a look back and a look forward into the near future. Starting with the questions on the development of diameter and operating pressure of closed tunnelling machines, the perspective is expanded to general developments and current trends in machine technology for soft ground and hard rock. Finally, the possibilities and potentials arising from environmental requirements, further increases in performance and digitalization in mechanized tunnelling are shown.
Revision of the Austrian Standard ON B 2203‐1 for work contracts in conventional tunnelling (NATM)
Authors: Leitner Andreas , Goger Gerald 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe works contract for cyclic driving ÖNORM B 2203‐1 has made a significant contribution to the successful completion of numerous tunnel construction projects in the last four decades. As part of a required update in the industry, no reason was seen to change the set of rules of the present classification system and the essential principles of the existing standard. The focus of the revision has therefore been – on the basis of the experience of the last decades in the implementation of tunnelling projects – on the one hand in the analysis and rating of support elements and additional measures and on the other hand in the provisions of the standard for water implications. Through these updates, in good old tunnel construction tradition, cooperative project management on a high constructional level will continue to be ensured.
Synergistic interactions between NOD receptors and TLRs: Mechanisms and clinical implications
Authors: Pashenkov Mikhail V , Murugina Nina E , Budikhina Anna S , Pinegin Boris V 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Interactions between pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) shape innate immune responses to particular classes of pathogens. Here, we review interactions between TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 and 2 (NOD1 and NOD2) receptors, two major groups of PRRs involved in innate recognition of bacteria. Most of experimental data both in vitro and in vivo suggest that NODs and TLRs synergize with each other at inducing the production of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. Molecular mechanisms of this synergy remain poorly understood, although several scenarios can be proposed: (i) direct interactions of signaling pathways downstream of NODs and TLRs; (ii) mutual transcriptional regulation of unique components of NOD-dependent and TLR-dependent signaling pathways; and (iii) interactions at the post-transcriptional level. Potential practical implications of NOD-TLR synergy are dual. In sepsis, where synergistic effects probably contribute to excessive proinflammatory cytokine production, blockade of NOD1, and/or NOD2 in addition to TLR4 blockade may be required to achieve therapeutic benefit. On the other hand, synergistic combinations of relatively small doses of NOD and TLR agonists administered before infection could be used to boost innate resistance against bacterial pathogens.
Pattern recognition receptor polymorphisms in early periodontitis
Authors: Leite Fábio R. M. , Enevold Christian , Bendtzen Klaus , Baelum Vibeke , López Rodrigo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundEven though bacteria trigger inflammation, most of the tissue destruction in periodontitis is due to the host inflammatory response. In addition to immunological events that drive development of early periodontitis, numerous environmental factors like genetics and smoking play a role. We investigated whether the carriage of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of toll‐like receptors (TLR), NOD‐like receptors (NLR) and RIG‐I‐like receptors (RLR) was associated with the diagnosis of early periodontitis in a case‐control study.MethodsAdolescents with positive (n = 87) and negative (n = 73) diagnosis for periodontitis had blood samples taken. All participants were genotyped for 42 SNP in the genes encoding TLR1‐10, NOD1‐2, DDX58, and IFIH1 using multiplex assays. Associations between SNP and periodontitis diagnosis were tested.ResultsTLR1‐rs5743611 showed protective effect for periodontitis (CC versus GG and GC, P = 0.01, odds ratio [OR] 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01‒0.78). Carriage of the TLR4‐rs7873784 was associated with higher odds for periodontitis (GG versus CC and GC, P = 0.05, OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.00‒5.63; GG versus GC, P = 0.05, OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.01‒5.99). In male participants, reduced susceptibility to periodontitis was observed in carriers of TLR7‐rs3853839 (CC versus GG and CG, P = 0.02, OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11‒0.85) and TLR8‐rs3764879 (CC versus GG and CG, P = 0.02, OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12‒0.82). Associations were maintained after adjustments for sex, smoking habits, and mother´s education.ConclusionThis study demonstrated an association between TLR1‐rs5743611, TLR4‐rs7873784, TLR7‐rs3853839, and TLR8‐rs3764879 and susceptibility to periodontitis in adolescents.
Profiling Chinese wine tourists by wine tourism constraints: A comparison of Chinese Australians and long‐haul Chinese tourists in Australia
Authors: Gu Qiushi , Huang Songshan (Sam) 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to profile Chinese wine tourists based on their perceived wine tourism constraints and develop a better understanding of the Chinese wine tourist market by comparing Chinese Australians with long‐haul Chinese tourists in Australia. A series of items measuring wine tourism constraints and negotiations were subjected to factor and cluster analyses. Four wine tourism constraint factors and three negotiation factors were identified. Based on the constraint factors, four segments, “group constrained by personal inhibitors,” “group constrained by facilities and attractions,” “less constrained group,” and “highly constrained group,” were identified. Analysis of variance and Chi‐square test results indicated that the four groups of Chinese migrants in Australia mainly varied by age, whereas long‐haul Chinese tourists differed more significantly in education and income. Chinese Australians were more likely to be less constrained and to be involved in wine tourism activities than long‐haul Chinese tourists. The former were also more likely to be self‐driving and repeat wine tourists. Comparatively, the latter group members engaged more in negotiation strategies.
Eutrophication drives divergent water clarity responses to decadal variation in lake level
Authors: Lisi Peter J. , Hein Catherine L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWater clarity is an important attribute of lakes, but climatic effects on clarity remain obscure, because lake physical and chemical conditions generate complex responses. Here, we examine how hydrologic variation influences water clarity (Secchi depth) over 30 yr across 24 lakes in northwest Wisconsin (U.S.A.) along a gradient in lake phosphorus (P) concentration and lake attributes (e.g., depth, area, land use, and trophic status). We took a multivariate time‐series approach to explore shared temporal patterns in Secchi depth among lakes and to evaluate the relative strength of hydrological time‐series (lake level, Palmer Drought Severity Index [PDSI], and antecedent precipitation) as a component of water clarity change. Decadal fluctuations in lake level best explain annual shifts in water clarity, but not precipitation or PDSI. The sign and magnitude of the response varies among lakes by trophic status. Oligotrophic lakes become clearer when lake levels decline, and more turbid when lake levels rise, presumably due to increased watershed loading of dissolved organic matter and nutrients. Dilution and stronger stratification during wet years may drive the opposite response observed in eutrophic lakes, which become clearer in wet years and more turbid during drought. Overall, the water clarity response to lake level increased with P concentration and was more positive in shallow polymictic vs. dimictic lakes. Although further study is required, we suggest that trophic status and lake mixis mediate water clarity's response to lake level fluctuations. We propose that eutrophication not only changes mean lake clarity but also the natural relationship of water clarity to hydrology.
Effects of Gut Bacteria Depletion and High‐Na+ and Low‐K+ Intake on Circulating Levels of Biogenic Amines
Authors: Blaženović Ivana , Oh Young Taek , Li Fan , Ji Jian , Nguyen Ahn‐Khoi , Wancewicz Benjamin , Bender Jeffrey M , Fiehn Oliver , Youn Jang H. 
Published: December 2018

ScopeHigh‐sodium and low‐potassium (HNaLK) content in Western diets increases the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is investigated if the dietary minerals interact with gut bacteria to modulate circulating levels of biogenic amines, which are implicated in various pathologies, including hypertension and CVD.Methods and resultsUsing a metabolomic approach to target biogenic amines, the effects of gut bacteria depletion and HNaLK intake on circulating levels of biogenic amines in rats are examined. Forty‐five metabolites whose plasma levels are significantly altered by gut bacteria depletion (p < 0.05) are found, indicating their regulation by gut bacteria. Many of them are not previously linked to gut bacteria; therefore, these data provide novel insights into physiological or pathological roles of gut bacteria. A number of plasma metabolites that are altered both by gut bacteria and HNaLK intake are also found, suggesting possible interactions of the diet and gut bacteria in the modulation of these metabolites. The diet effects are observed with significant changes in the gut bacterial taxa Porphyromonadaceae and Prevotellaceae (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe dietary minerals may regulate abundances of certain gut bacteria to alter circulating levels of biogenic amines, which may be linked to host physiology or pathology.
Rectangular dielectric resonator antenna with polarization reconfigurable characteristic
Authors: Liu Beijia , Qiu Jinghui , Wang Changhui , Wang Nannan , Li Guoqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with multiple polarization modes is proposed in this study. The antenna is fed by adjustable feed network composed by Wilkinson power divider and tunable phase shift elements. On this reconfigurable design, it can operate in left‐handed circular polarization, right‐handed circular polarization, and linear polarization (LP) modes. The 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of 30.2% for CP modes and impedance bandwidth of 33.3% for CP states are obtained. The maximum gains are 5.7 dBic and 6.34 dBi for CP and LP states. A prototype is built on the FR4 substrate with ideal switches and tested to validate the design. Simulated and measured results showed good agreement on the polarization reconfigurable performances of interest. The proposed DRA can be applied to modern wireless system with polarization diversity requirements.