bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The BEST criteria improve sensitivity for detecting positive cultures in residual blood components cultured in suspected septic transfusion reactions
Authors: Shih Andrew W. , Cohn Claudia S. , Delaney Meghan , Fontaine Magali J. , Martin Isabella , Dunbar Nancy M. ,   the SCARED Study Investigators on behalf of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDCulturing residual blood components after suspected septic transfusion reactions guides management of patients and cocomponents. Current practice, accuracy of provider vital sign assessment, and performance of the AABB culture criteria are unknown. A multicenter international study was undertaken to investigate these issues and develop improved culture criteria.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSRetrospective data for all transfusion reactions resulting in residual blood component culture in 2016 were collected from participating hospitals. The performance of the AABB culture criteria were assessed for detection of positive culture results. Modifications to the AABB criteria including 1) recommending culturing in the setting of isolated high fevers, 2) defining hypotension and tachycardia using objective parameters, and 3) incorporating antipyretic use were tested to determine if modifications improved performance. Modifications associated with improvement were incorporate into the BEST criteria. The AABB and the BEST criteria were then tested against a data set enriched for positive culture results to determine which criteria were superior.RESULTSData were collected from 20 centers encompassing 779,143 transfusions, 3,187 reported transfusion reactions, and 1,104 cultured components. There was marked variation in reaction reporting and culturing rates (0.0%‐100.0%). Of 35 total positive component cultures, only one of 35 (2.9%) had concordant patient cultures; 12 of 34 (35.3%) did not have patient cultures performed. The BEST criteria had better sensitivity for detection of a positive culture result compared to the AABB criteria (74% vs. 41%), although specificity decreased (45% vs. 65%).CONCLUSIONCompared to the AABB criteria, the BEST criteria have improved sensitivity for positive culture detection.
Clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with increased animal triage trauma score in cats with bite wound injuries: 43 cases (1998–2009)
Authors: Lyons Bridget M. , Ateca Laura B. , Otto Cynthia M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo document the clinical and clinicopathologic changes in cats presenting with trauma from bite wounds, identify common abnormalities associated with bite wounds, and to determine whether the calculated animal trauma triage (ATT) score is related to any clinicopathologic abnormalities.DesignRetrospective descriptive study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsForty‐three client‐owned cats that presented for bite wounds to a large, urban, veterinary hospital between 1998 and 2009.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsPertinent history, physical examination findings, results of biochemical testing, and outcome were extracted from medical records. Animal triage trauma score was calculated based on the physical examination at presentation in cats with adequate available information. Patients were classified as having either a low (<5) ATT (n = 20) or a high (≥5) ATT (n = 23) score. Male cats were overrepresented (65.1%), and a majority of cats had outdoor access (53.4%). Low venous blood pH (P = 0.047), high plasma lactate concentration (P = 0.018), and low ionized calcium concentration (P = 0.004) were associated with higher ATT scores.ConclusionsThere is a significant association between low venous blood pH, high plasma lactate concentration, and low ionized calcium concentration and higher ATT scores at presentation in cats suffering from bite wounds. Early recognition of these abnormalities may help to identify more severely injured patients.
Planning the Shortest Path in Cluttered Environments: A Review and a Planar Convex Hull-Based Approach
Authors: Masoudi Nafiseh , Fadel Georges M. , Wiecek Margaret M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRouting or path-planning is the problem of finding a collision-free and preferably shortest path in an environment usually scattered with polygonal or polyhedral obstacles. The geometric algorithms oftentimes tackle the problem by modeling the environment as a collision-free graph. Search algorithms such as Dijkstra’s can then be applied to find an optimal path on the created graph. Previously developed methods to construct the collision-free graph, without loss of generality, explore the entire workspace of the problem. For the single-source single-destination planning problems, this results in generating some unnecessary information that has little value and could increase the time complexity of the algorithm. In this paper, first a comprehensive review of the previous studies on the path-planning subject is presented. Next, an approach to address the planar problem based on the notion of convex hulls is introduced and its efficiency is tested on sample planar problems. The proposed algorithm focuses only on a portion of the workspace interacting with the straight line connecting the start and goal points. Hence, we are able to reduce the size of the roadmap while generating the exact globally optimal solution. Considering the worst case that all the obstacles in a planar workspace are intersecting, the algorithm yields a time complexity of O(n log(n/f)), with n being the total number of vertices and f being the number of obstacles. The computational complexity of the algorithm outperforms the previous attempts in reducing the size of the graph yet generates the exact solution.
Desmopressin treatment combined with clotting factor VIII concentrates in patients with non-severe haemophilia A: protocol for a multicentre single-armed trial, the DAVID study
Authors: Schütte Lisette M , Cnossen Marjon H , van Hest Reinier M , Driessens Mariette H E , Fijnvandraat Karin , Polinder Suzanne , Beckers Erik A M , Coppens Michiel , Eikenboom Jeroen , Laros-van Gorkom Britta A P , Meijer Karina , Nieuwenhuizen Laurens , Mauser-Bunschoten Evelien P , Leebeek Frank W G , Mathôt Ron A A , Kruip Marieke J H A 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionHaemophilia A is an inherited bleeding disorder characterised by factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency. In patients with non-severe haemophilia A, surgery and bleeding are the main indications for treatment with FVIII concentrate. A recent study reported that standard dosing frequently results in FVIII levels (FVIII:C) below or above FVIII target ranges, leading to respectively a bleeding risk or excessive costs. In addition, FVIII concentrate treatment carries a risk of development of neutralising antibodies. An alternative is desmopressin, which releases endogenous FVIII and von Willebrand factor. In most patients with non-severe haemophilia A, desmopressin alone is not enough to achieve FVIII target levels during surgery or bleeding. We hypothesise that combined pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided administration of desmopressin and FVIII concentrate may improve dosing accuracy and reduces FVIII concentrate consumption.Methods and analysisIn the DAVID study, 50 patients with non-severe haemophilia A (FVIII:C ≥0.01 IU/mL) with a bleeding episode or undergoing surgery will receive desmopressin and FVIII concentrate combination treatment. The necessary dose of FVIII concentrate to reach FVIII target levels after desmopressin administration will be calculated with a population PK model. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients reaching FVIII target levels during the first 72 hours after start of the combination treatment. This approach was successfully tested in one pilot patient who received perioperative combination treatment.Ethics and disseminationThe DAVID study was approved by the medical ethics committee of the Erasmus MC. Results of the study will be communicated trough publication in international scientific journals and presentation at (inter)national conferences.Trial registration numberNTR5383; Pre-results.
Trends in occupational diseases in Finland, 1975–2013: a register study
Authors: Oksa Panu , Sauni Riitta , Talola Nina , Virtanen Simo , Nevalainen Jaakko , Saalo Anja , Uitti Jukka 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThe objective was to investigate trends in the incidence of recognized and suspected cases of occupational diseases in Finland from 1975 to 2013, including variations by industry – and describe and recognize factors affecting variations in incidence.DesignA register study.SettingThe data consisted of recognized and suspected cases of occupational diseases recorded in the Finnish Registry of Occupational Diseases (FROD) in 1975–2013.ParticipantsAltogether 240 000 cases of suspected and recognized ODs were analysed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFrom the annual workforce statistics and FROD data, we calculated the incidence of ODs and suspected ODs per 10 000 employees. For time trends by industrial sector, we used a 5-year moving average and a Poisson regression analysis.ResultsAnnual average rates of ODs have varied from year to year. The total number was 25.0/10 000 employees in 1975 and 20.1/10 000 employees in 2013. Screening campaigns and legislative changes have caused temporary increases. When the financial sector was the reference (1.0), the highest incidence rates according to industrial sector were in mining and quarrying (9.87; 95% CI 8.65 to 11.30), construction (9.11; 95% CI 9.98 to 10.43), manufacturing (9.04; 95% CI 7.93 to 10.36) and agriculture (8.78; 95% CI 7.69 to 10.06). There is a distinct decreasing trend from 2005 onwards: the average annual change in incidence was, for example, −9.2% in agriculture, −10.3% in transportation and −4.7% in construction. The average annual decline was greatest in upper limb strain injuries (−11.1%).ConclusionThis study provides a useful overview of the status of ODs in Finland over several decades. These data are a valuable resource for determining which occupations are at an increased risk and where preventive actions should be targeted. It is important to study long-term trends in the statistics of ODs to see beyond the year-to-year fluctuations.
Usefulness of the heparin-binding protein level to diagnose sepsis and septic shock according to Sepsis-3 compared with procalcitonin and C reactive protein: a prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Zhou Yixuan , Liu Zhen , Huang Jun , Li Guiling , Li Fengying , Cheng Yulan , Xie Xinyou , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesOur aim was to assess the release level of heparin-binding protein (HBP) in sepsis and septic shock under theThird International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock(Sepsis-3).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingA general teaching hospital in China.ParticipantsAdult infected patients with suspected sepsis and people who underwent physical examination were included. According to the health status and severity of illness, the research subjects were divided into healthy, local infection, sepsis non-shock and septic shock under Sepsis-3 definitions.Main outcome measuresPlasma levels of HBP, procalcitonin (PCT), C reactive protein (CRP) and complete blood count were detected in all subjects. Single-factor analysis of variance was used to compare the biomarker levels of multiple groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic capacity of each marker.ResultsHBP levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis non-shock than in those with local infections (median 49.7ng/mL vs 11.8 ng/mL, p<0.01) at enrolment. Moreover, HBP levels in patients with septic shock were significantly higher than in patients with sepsis without shock (median 153.8ng/mL vs 49.7 ng/mL, p<0.01). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of HBP (cut-off ≥28.1 ng/mL) was 0.893 for sepsis which was higher than those of PCT (0.856) for a cut-off ≥2.05 ng/mL and of CRP (0.699) for a cut-off ≥151.9 mg/L. Moreover, AUC of HBP (cut-off ≥103.5 ng/mL) was 0.760 for septic shock which was higher than the ROC curve of sequential [sepsis-related] organ failure assessment (SOFA) Score (0.656) for a cut-off ≥5.5. However, there was no significant difference between 28-d survivors (n=56) and 28-d non-survivors (n=37) with sepsis in terms of HBP value (p=0.182).ConclusionsA high level of HBP in plasma is associated with sepsis, which might be a useful diagnostic marker in patients with suspected sepsis.
Design and study of the TPC detector module and prototype for CEPC
Authors: Wang Haiyun , Qi Huirong 
Published: April 2019

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) has been proposed as a Higgs/[Formula: see text] factory, which would allow precision measurements of the Higgs boson properties, as well as of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] bosons. The baseline design of CEPC tracking system consists of a vertex detector with three concentric double-sided pixel layers, a high precision (about 100 [Formula: see text]m) large volume time projection chamber (TPC) and a silicon tracker on both barrel and end-cap regions. The tracking system has similar performance requirements to the ILD detector in ILC detectors but without power-pulsing, which leads to significantly additional constrains on detector specifications, especially for the case of machine operating at [Formula: see text]-pole energy region with high luminosity. In this paper, we will give an overview of the CEPC TPC detector, the requirements and challenges for the detector with possible technologies. The on-going R&D activities of the TPC detector module and prototype will also be reported.
Placement and Routing for Tile-based Field-coupled Nanocomputing Circuits Is
NP
-complete (Research Note)
Authors: Walter Marcel , Wille Robert , Große Daniel , Torres Frank Sill , Drechsler Rolf 
Published: April 2019

Field-coupled Nanocomputing
(FCN) technologies provide an alternative to conventional CMOS-based computation technologies and are characterized by intriguingly low-energy dissipation. Accordingly, their design received significant attention in the recent past. FCN circuit implementations like
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata
(QCA) or
Nanomagnet Logic
(NML) have already been built in labs and basic operations such as inverters, Majority, AND, OR, and so on, are already available. The design problem basically boils down to the question of how to place basic operations and route their connections so that the desired function results while, at the same time, further constraints (related to timing, clocking, path lengths, etc.) are satisfied. While several solutions for this problem have been proposed, interestingly no clear understanding about the complexity of the underlying task exists thus far. In this research note, we consider this problem and eventually prove that placement and routing for tile-based FCN circuits is
NP
-complete. By this, we provide a theoretical foundation for the further development of corresponding design methods.
Molecular Profiling of Tumor Tissue and Plasma Cell-Free DNA from Patients with Non-Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Janku Filip , Diamond Eli L. , Goodman Aaron M. , Raghavan Vaijayanthi Kandadai , Barnes Tamara G. , Kato Shumei , Abdel-Wahab Omar , Durham Benjamin H. , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The BRAFV600E mutation and BRAF inhibitor responsiveness characterize ∼50% of patients with the non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (non-LCH) Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD). We interrogated the non-LCH molecular landscape [ECD, n = 35; Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD), n = 3; mixed ECD/RDD, n = 1] using BRAFV600E PCR and/or next-generation sequencing [tissue and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of plasma and/or urine]. Of 34 evaluable patients, 17 (50%) had the BRAFV600E mutation. Of 31 patients evaluable for non-BRAFV600E alterations, 18 (58%) had ≥1 alteration and 12 putative non-BRAFV600E MAPK pathway alterations: atypical BRAF mutation; GNAS, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, NF1, and RAS mutations; RAF1 or ERBB2 amplifications; LMNA-NTRK1 (TRK inhibitor-sensitive) and CAPZA2–BRAF fusions. Four patients had JAK2, MPL ASXL1, U2AF1 alterations, which can correlate with myeloid neoplasms, a known ECD predisposition, and one developed myelofibrosis 13 months after cfDNA testing. Therefore, our multimodal comprehensive genomics reveals clinically relevant alterations and suggests that MAPK activation is a hallmark of non-LCH.
Genotyping of Circulating Tumor DNA Reveals the Clinically Actionable Mutation Landscape of Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cao Weiguo , Xu Yaping , Chang Lianpeng , Gong Yuhua , Li Liren , Mo Xianwei , Zhang Xin , Lin Guole , Zhou Jiaolin , Liu Dan , Yi Yuting , Dai Pingping , Zhu Chenchen , Liu Tao , Chu Yuxing , Guan Yanfang , Chen Yongsheng , Wang Jiayin , Xia Xuefeng , Yang Ling , Yi Xin , Cheng Yong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) enables genomic profiling of colorectal cancer. We investigated therapeutic targets by performing ctDNA panel-captured sequencing of 152 blood samples from advanced stage patients, from which somatic mutations and potentially actionable targets were evaluated. An additional 11 matched tissue samples were retrospectively obtained to verify target validity. The mutation frequencies of 1,127 collective genetic variants identified in our study strongly correlated with those of multiple public databases (Pearson R2 = 0.92, P &lt; 0.0001). The clonal fraction of driver genes was 90.3%, which was significantly higher than that of potential passenger genes (58.12%). Totally, 90 drug-sensitive genes from 56 patients (36.84%) were identified, including recurring targets PIK3CA, FBXW7, EGFR, BRAF, and NRAS. Various resistance mechanisms of anti-EGFR antibodies were revealed via ctDNA profiling, with 29 patients individually exhibiting multiple mechanisms, suggesting considerable resistance heterogeneity in our study population. Of the matched tissue/blood pairs, 88.14% of tissue-derived mutations were detected in ctDNA, and 88.9% of actionable targets were validated. The mutational landscape of ctDNA was highly consistent with tissue databases, and ctDNA profiling showed favorable concordance with tumor tissues in our matched analysis. Thus, comprehensive ctDNA genotyping is a promising noninvasive alternative to biopsy-derived analysis for determining targeted therapy in advanced colorectal cancer.
PARP Inhibitor Efficacy Depends on CD8+ T-cell Recruitment via Intratumoral STING Pathway Activation in BRCA-Deficient Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Pantelidou Constantia , Sonzogni Olmo , De Oliveria Taveira Mateus , Mehta Anita K. , Kothari Aditi , Wang Dan , Visal Tanvi , Li Michelle K. , Pinto Jocelin , Castrillon Jessica A. , Cheney Emily M. , Bouwman Peter , Jonkers Jos , Rottenberg Sven , Guerriero Jennifer L. , Wulf Gerburg M. , Shapiro Geoffrey I. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Combinatorial clinical trials of PARP inhibitors with immunotherapies are ongoing, yet the immunomodulatory effects of PARP inhibition have been incompletely studied. Here, we sought to dissect the mechanisms underlying PARP inhibitor–induced changes in the tumor microenvironment of BRCA1-deficient triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We demonstrate that the PARP inhibitor olaparib induces CD8+ T-cell infiltration and activation in vivo, and that CD8+ T-cell depletion severely compromises antitumor efficacy. Olaparib-induced T-cell recruitment is mediated through activation of the cGAS/STING pathway in tumor cells with paracrine activation of dendritic cells and is more pronounced in HR-deficient compared with HR-proficient TNBC cells and in vivo models. CRISPR-mediated knockout of STING in cancer cells prevents proinflammatory signaling and is sufficient to abolish olaparib-induced T-cell infiltration in vivo. These findings elucidate an additional mechanism of action of PARP inhibitors and provide a rationale for combining PARP inhibition with immunotherapies for the treatment of TNBC.

Significance:
This work demonstrates cross-talk between PARP inhibition and the tumor microenvironment related to STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway activation in cancer cells that governs CD8+ T-cell recruitment and antitumor efficacy. The data provide insight into the mechanism of action of PARP inhibitors in BRCA-associated breast cancer.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681
Integrated Algorithm for Decreasing Active Power Loss
Authors: Kanagasabai Lenin 
Published: April 2019

This paper projects an Integrated Algorithm (IA) for solving optimal reactive power problem. Quick convergence of the Cuckoo Search (CS), the vibrant root change of the Firefly Algorithm (FA), and the incessant position modernization of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been combined to form the Integrated Algorithm (IA). In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed Integrated Algorithm (IA), it has been tested in standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems and compared to other standard reported algorithms. Simulation results show that Integrated Algorithm (IA) is considerably reduced the real power loss and voltage profile within the limits.
Three Area Power System Load Frequency Control Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
Authors: Balamurugan C. R. 
Published: April 2019

System frequency is one of the most important parameters of a power system. Du to generation-load mismatches, the system frequency can vary over a small range. When the power consumed by loads and overall losses is greater than the generated power, the operating frequency of the system will decrease, resulting in a situation known as the under frequency condition. In some other case, if some of the loads in a system are disconnected from the system suddenly, or lost, it leads to a condition called as the over frequency condition. This condition is char acterized by greater input power than the consumed power by the loads. The rest of the loads in the system will absorb the extra power and the generator inertia, leading to an increase in the system frequency. In both the cases, the system frequency fluctuates from the power system’s limited frequency range, further leading to tripping off of the substation and further collapsing of the entire system. The paper describes a new method employing a smart meter to monitor and control the power system frequency which changes according to the loading conditions in the system, whether under load condition or overload condition.<p> </p>
Optimization of the fuel economy and emissions for plug in hybrid electric recreational boat energy management strategy using genetic algorithm
Authors: Norbakyah Jabar Siti , Salisa Abdul Rahman 
Published: April 2019

<span>Today, the transportation sector has undergone a change from conventional vehicle to hybrid electric vehicle especially land-based with the aim to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. However, water transportation is also one of the contributors of excessive use of fuel and emissions. Therefore, water transport needs changes as it has been done on land transport, especially cars. In this paper, plug in hybrid electric recreational boat (PHERB) is introduced. PHERB is a special model because in PHERB powertrain configuration, it only needed one EM compared to existing configuration with energy management strategy (EMS). In this work, the optimal EMS for PHERB are presented via genetic algorithm (GA). To estimate the fuel economy and emissions, the model of PHERB is employed numerically in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment with a special EMS using Kuala Terengganu (KT) river driving cycle. Simulation result of PHERB optimization using GA improve to 15% for KT river driving cycles without violating the PHERB performance.</span>