bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online and automatic identification of encryption network behaviors in big data environment
Authors: Hejun Zhu , Liehuang Zhu 
Published: October 2018

SummaryTo handle the difficulty in identifying encrypted network traffic in big data environment, a fast and online identification method for encryption network behaviors was proposed. Twitter audios, messages, videos, images, and other encrypted network behaviors were deeply studied in big data environment, and the features were extracted from a lot of encryption network behaviors, and the model database based on the correlation coefficient was established by these features, and the correlation coefficient between the network interactive data and the model database was calculated by acquiring the network interactive data at real time. The reference distance will be proposed and used to eliminate the noise of similar traffic sets; at last, the automatic and online identification of encryption network behaviors based on correlation coefficient and reference distance in big data environment were implemented by combination with the classification threshold, and the online identification rate was about 93% by this method, and the experiment results show the proposed method is applicable and effective.
Structural and Electrical Characteristics of an Aurivillius Family Compound Bi2LaTiVO9
Authors: Gupta Prabhasini , Mahapatra Prasanta Kumar , Choudhary Ram Naresh Prasad 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of bismuth lanthanum titanium vanadate (i.e., Bi2LaTiVO9), a new member of bismuth layer structure ferroelectric, are reported in this paper. The compound crystallizes in a single phase orthorhombic system. The smallest pentavalent V5+ ion in the compound results in higher polarization and low loss properties as compared to other similar compounds of Aurivillius family. The partial substitution of La3+ ion at the Bi3+ sites of Bi2O2 layers results in relaxor ferroelectric behavior with an expected decrease in transition temperature. The activation energy for both relaxation and conduction processes is in the vicinity of the activation energy of oxygen vacancy suggesting oxygen–vacancy activated charge carriers in both conductivity and relaxation processes.
Migratory connectivity in the Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
Authors: Chabot Amy A. , Hobson Keith A. , Van Wilgenburg Steven L. , Pérez Guillermo E. , Lougheed Stephen C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimWe combine genetic and stable isotope data to quantify migration patterns in Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), a species of conservation concern in North America, to assess how connectivity differs and impacts population evolution, ecology, and conservation.LocationWe sampled shrikes across the majority of their nonbreeding range, from the Atlantic Coast to the western United States east of the Rocky Mountains and throughout Mexico.MethodsOur study used a Bayesian framework using δ2Hf from a breeding season origin feather and nuclear genetic microsatellite markers to distinguish between co‐occurring migratory and nonmigratory individuals on the wintering grounds and, for migrants, to assign individuals to a breeding ground origin and genetic group.ResultsMigratory shrikes were present throughout the nonbreeding range but the proportion differed among sample areas. Four main wintering areas were identified. Connectivity ranged from weakly negative in birds wintering on the Atlantic Coast to strongly positive between wintering grounds in the southwestern United States and Mexico and northwestern breeding populations. Connectivity was weakest in L. l. migrans, and strongest in L. l. mexicanus and L. l. excubitorides. Although believed to be nonmigratory, long‐distance movements of individuals were observed in L. ludovicianus and L. l. mexicanus. Our data support a pattern of chain migration, again most notable in the western half of the species nonbreeding range, and differential migration based on age.Main conclusionsOur study provides of one such of the first quantitative measures of migratory connectivity and is among the first studies of a short‐distance migratory passerine in North America. The higher migratory connectivity among western, versus eastern populations, and less severe population declines attributable to habitat loss or reproductive success, may result in more localized and/or less severe limiting factors for western populations and more severe on the Atlantic coast and Mississippi Alluvial Valley wintering grounds.
A novel allele for inducible Cre expression in germinal center B cells
Authors: Weber Timm , Seagal Jane , Winkler Wiebke , Wirtz Tristan , Chu Van Trung , Rajewsky Klaus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe germinal center reaction is essential for efficient humoral immunity, but it can also give rise to B cell lymphomas. Cre/loxP‐mediated conditional gene knock‐out or knock‐in can be used for the genetic manipulation of germinal center B cells in vivo. Here we present a novel allele, Cγ1‐CreERT2, that allows for timed activation of Cre recombinase in a small fraction of germinal center B cells. This allele will be useful to study normal and malignant germinal center B cell development in vivo.
Recent Progress and Challenges of Micro‐/Nanostructured Transition Metal Carbonate Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Jingfa , Li Min , Guo Cong , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Prof. Jingfa Li from Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China, and co‐workers. The cover image shows the application of transition metal carbonate anodes in lithium ion batteries for a sustainable and green energy system.
A Generalizability Theory Study to Examine Sources of Score Variance in Third‐Party Evaluations Used in Decision‐Making for Graduate School Admissions
Authors: McCaffrey Daniel F. , Oliveri Maria Elena , Holtzman Steven 
Published: October 2018

AbstractScores from noncognitive measures are increasingly valued for their utility in helping to inform postsecondary admissions decisions. However, their use has presented challenges because of faking, response biases, or subjectivity, which standardized third‐party evaluations (TPEs) can help minimize. Analysts and researchers using TPEs, however, need to be mindful of the potential for construct‐irrelevant differences that may arise in TPEs due to differences in evaluators' rating approaches, which introduces measurement error. Research on sources of construct‐irrelevant variance in TPEs is scarce. We address this paucity by conducting generalizability theory (G theory) analyses using TPE data that informs postsecondary admissions decisions. We also demonstrate an approach to assess the size of interevaluator variability and conduct a decision study to determine the number of evaluators necessary to achieve the desired generalizability coefficient. We illustrate these approaches using a TPE whereby applicants select their evaluators, leading to a situation where most evaluators solely rate one applicant. We conclude by presenting strategies to improve the design of TPEs to help increase confidence in their use.
Defining scenario
Authors: Spaniol Matthew J. , Rowland Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractScholars claim that futures and foresight science should overcome “confusion” regarding the definition of core concepts, for example, the scenario. Admittedly, defining scenario has been a challenge. Current practice, which results in repeated attempts to clarify said confusion with yet another new definition of scenario, has apparently not advanced the field. An alternative option is not to redefine scenario, but to, instead, create a shared definition composed of component parts of pre‐existing definitions. The result is an operant or synthesized definition based on analysis of claims indicating what “a scenario is…” and “scenarios are…” in the literature on scenario planning. The authors find that scenarios have a temporal property rooted in the future and reference external forces in that context; scenarios should be possible and plausible while taking the proper form of a story or narrative description; and that scenarios exist in sets that are systematically prepared to coexist as meaningful alternatives to one another. Despite claims to the contrary, the authors find that the academic community of futures and foresight science does not seem to suffer from so‐called confusion over the definition of scenario, and thus, it is time to sunset the use of claims to this end.
Independent elevation of peripheral oxytocin concentrations and reduction in cognitive empathy during 4‐fluoroamphetamine intoxication
Authors: Dolder Patrick C. , de Sousa Fernandes Perna Elizabeth B. , Mason Natasha L. , Hutten Nadia R. P. W. , Toennes Stefan W. , Theunissen Eef L. , Ramaekers Johannes G. , Kuypers Kim P. C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectives4‐Fluoroamphetamine (4‐FA) is a novel psychoactive substance with a pharmacological profile and reported subjective effects (e.g., empathy) intermediate between 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and amphetamine. Studies have shown that MDMA and amphetamine increase emotional empathy without affecting cognitive empathy; MDMA simultaneously leads to elevated levels of oxytocin, unrelated to its behavioral effects. The aim of the present study was to assess the reported enhancement of empathy by 4‐FA, to assess its effects on oxytocin, and to test potential associations between both.MethodsTwelve healthy poly‐drug users were included in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled two‐way crossover study. Treatments were 4‐FA (100 mg) and placebo; empathy was assessed by means of the multifaceted empathy test, and blood samples were taken before and after treatment administration to determine oxytocin concentrations.Results4‐FA reduced cognitive empathy, whereas emotional empathy was left unaffected. One hour after treatment, plasma oxytocin levels were significantly increased compared with placebo. Behavioral and hormonal effects were unrelated.ConclusionAlthough 4‐FA shares its pharmacological mechanism with MDMA and amphetamine, current findings seem to indicate that it affects empathy differently. The 4‐FA‐induced increase in oxytocin levels was independent of behavioral effects, which confirms previous findings that drug‐induced effects on peripheral oxytocin levels are not associated with empathy.
Relative timing of mitochondrial endosymbiosis and the “pre‐mitochondrial symbioses” hypothesis
Authors: Gabaldón Toni 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe origin of eukaryotes stands as a major open question in biology. Central to this question is the nature and timing of the origin of the mitochondrion, an ubiquitous eukaryotic organelle originated by the endosymbiosis of an alphaproteobacterial ancestor. Different hypotheses disagree, among other aspects, on whether mitochondria were acquired early or late during eukaryogenesis. Similarly, the nature and complexity of the receiving host is debated, with models ranging from a simple prokaryotic host to an already complex proto‐eukaryote. Here, I will discuss recent findings from phylogenomics analyses of extant genomes that are shedding light into the evolutionary origins of the eukaryotic ancestor, and which suggest a later acquisition of alpha‐proteobacterial derived proteins as compared to those with different bacterial ancestries. I argue that simple eukaryogenesis models that assume a binary symbiosis between an archaeon host and an alpha‐proteobacterial proto‐mitochondrion cannot explain the complex chimeric nature that is inferred for the eukaryotic ancestor. To reconcile existing hypotheses with the new data, I propose the “pre‐mitochondrial symbioses” hypothesis that provides a framework for eukaryogenesis scenarios involving alternative symbiotic interactions that predate the acquisition of mitochondria. © 2018 The Authors. IUBMB Life published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 70(12):1188–1196, 2018
SLC1A2 mediates refractory temporal lobe epilepsy with an initial precipitating injury by targeting the glutamatergic synapse pathway
Authors: Zhang Yinian , Dong Huateng , Duan Lei , Yuan Guoqiang , Liang Wentao , Li Qiao , Zhang Xinding , Pan Yawen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the genes related to epilepsy and their effects on epilepsy, as well as the underlying mechanism. Using microarray analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out and then used to build weighted gene coexpression networks using WGCNA. Module membership and evaluation of gene significance (GS) were adopted to detect hub genes. The DAVID online tool was used to understand the function of modules and target genes. The Licl‐pilocarpine chronic rat epilepsy model was used to simulate mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with an initial precipitating injury. Hippocampal expression of the proteins solute carrier family 1 member 2 (SLC1A2), glial fibrillary acidic protein, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) was determined by ELISA and Western blot. Nissl staining was used to measure neuronal loss. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the percentage of positive cells to reflect the distribution of NMDAR1. Here, 3232 potential genes highly correlated with epilepsy were selected from the screened DEGs, among which SLC1A2 was related to brain development and its expression was significantly decreased in epilepsy patients. According to Gene Ontology and KEGG analysis, SLC1A2 mediates epilepsy through the glutamatergic synapse pathway. Tissue experiments suggested that Slc1a2 could genuinely ameliorate epilepsy through the glutamatergic synapse pathway, mitigate neuronal loss, and suppress astrocytosis and inflammatory responses. Our study suggested that low hippocampal content of SLC1A2 is a potential biomarker of epilepsy and may affect the function of neurons through the glutamatergic synapse pathway. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):213–222, 2019
An overview of nanoscale radionuclides and radiolabeled nanomaterials commonly used for nuclear molecular imaging and therapeutic functions
Authors: Farzin Leila , Sheibani Shahab , Moassesi Mohammad Esmaeil , Shamsipur Mojtaba 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent advances in the field of nanotechnology applications in nuclear medicine offer the promise of better diagnostic and therapeutic options. In recent years, increasing efforts have been focused on developing nanoconstructs that can be used as core platforms for attaching medical radionuclides with different strategies for the purposes of molecular imaging and targeted drug delivery. This review article presents an introduction to some commonly used nanomaterials with zero‐dimensional, one‐dimensional, two‐dimensional, and three‐dimensional structures, describes the various methods applied to radiolabeling of nanomaterials, and provides illustrative examples of application of the nanoscale radionuclides or radiolabeled nanocarriers in nuclear nanomedicine. Especially, the passive and active nanotargeting delivery of radionuclides with illustrating examples for tumor imaging and therapy was reviewed and summarized. The accurate and early diagnosis of cancer can lead to increased survival rates for different types of this disease. Although, the conventional single‐modality diagnostic methods such as positron emission tomography/single photon emission computed tomography or MRI used for such purposes are powerful means; most of these are limited by sensitivity or resolution. By integrating complementary signal reporters into a single nanoparticulate contrast agent, multimodal molecular imaging can be performed as scalable images with high sensitivity, resolution, and specificity. The advent of radiolabeled nanocarriers or radioisotope‐loaded nanomaterials with magnetic, plasmonic, or fluorescent properties has stimulated growing interest in the developing multimodality imaging probes. These new developments in nuclear nanomedicine are expected to introduce a paradigm shift in multimodal molecular imaging and thereby opening up an era of new diagnostic medical imaging agents. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 251–285, 2019.
Apoptotic effect of enterodiol, the final metabolite of edible lignans, in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Shin Min‐Kyoung , Jeon Yong‐Deok , Jin Jong‐Sik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnterodiol (END) is transformed by human intestinal bacteria from lignans contained in various whole‐grain cereals, nuts, legumes, flaxseed, and vegetables. It is known to have several physiological effects, but its effects on mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells have not yet been elucidated. We therefore investigated the effects of END on apoptosis in CRC cells and whether these effects are mediated via MAPK signaling.RESULTSCell proliferation was decreased by END treatment in a time‐dependent manner. In particular, END treatment resulted in an apoptosis rate of up to 40% in CT26 cells but showed no cytotoxicity toward RAW264.7 macrophages. Treatment with END also suppressed the migration of CRC cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 was down‐regulated with END treatment. Furthermore, END decreased the expression levels of anti‐apoptotic proteins in CRC cells.CONCLUSIONEnterodiol inhibited the growth of CRC cells by controlling the MAPK signaling pathway involved in proliferation and apoptosis. These results demonstrate that END has an apoptotic effect in CRC cells. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Sub‐minute determination of rifampicin and isoniazid in fixed dose combination tablets by capillary zone electrophoresis with ultraviolet absorption detection
Authors: Duarte Lucas Mattos , Amorim Tatiane Lima , Chellini Paula Rocha , Adriano Luiz Henrique Cantarino , de Oliveira Marcone Augusto Leal 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA validated sub minute capillary zone electrophoresis method with direct ultraviolet absorption detection for simultaneous determination of isoniazid and rifampicin in fixed‐dose combination tablets was developed. Background electrolyte was defined based on the analytes effective mobility curve and it was composed by 20 mmol/L of sodium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate at pH 10.2. A careful validation procedure considering the main figures of merit was performed. Regression models were satisfactory for isoniazid and rifampicin, showing no lack of fit within 95% significance interval. Interday and intraday precision were evaluated in standard and sample and slight relative standard deviations were achieved for concentration, area, and migration time. Recovery values for accuracy in two levels were 99.97 and 90.08% for isoniazid and 95.45 and 95.12% for rifampicin. The limits of detection for isoniazid and rifampicin were 0.22 and 0.34 mg/L, respectively, and the limits of quantification were 0.74 and 1.13 mg/L, respectively. Method selectivity was verified by injecting diluent, background electrolyte, a standard mixture, and a sample, confirming no interferent peaks. The method proved to be simple, environmentally friendly, sensitive, and was successfully applied for simultaneous quantification of isoniazid and rifampicin in fixed‐dose combination tablets.
Accurate and sensitive determination of sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, and avanafil in illicit erectile dysfunction medications and human urine by LC with quadrupole‐TOF‐MS/MS and their behaviors in simulated gastric conditions
Authors: Öztürk Er Elif , Özbek Belma , Bakırdere Sezgin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe widespread use of phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors has attracted broad attention of counterfeiters to develop illicit erectile products with inaccurate amounts, unknown toxicity, and purity of active ingredients. Correspondingly, intake of these products endangers consumer health and needs to be screened for precautionary actions to reduce this risk. Therefore, in this study, a sensitive and rapid analytical method has been developed for simultaneous determination of selected phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors present in illicit erectile medications and human urine. Quantification of the analytes was performed by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry system. The chromatographic separation was successfully achieved with a run period of 8 min. Low detection limits were obtained in the range of 1.63–9.81 ng/g with relative standard deviations below 7.72% obtained using the replicate measurements of lowest concentration in calibration plots. The analytical performance of the proposed method proved good linearity, low detection limits, good accuracy and precision with high percent recoveries for human urine samples. Developed method was successfully applied to real samples including four different brands of illicit erectile medications. The results obtained revealed the presence of high levels of sildenafil in analyzed samples. The behaviors of selected phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors were also studied in simulated gastric conditions.
Tourism and economic growth in Asia: A bootstrap multivariate panel Granger causality
Authors: Wu Tsung‐Pao , Wu Hung‐Che 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis work uses a multivariate panel Granger causality test to examine the causal relationship between real international tourism receipts and economic growth in 11 Asian regions for the period from 1995 to 2015, accounting for both dependency and heterogeneity across regions. The results of this study support evidence for the growth hypothesis in the regions, such as Cambodia, China, and Malaysia. A reverse relationship supports evidence on the conservation hypothesis for the regions, such as Hong Kong, Indonesia, the Philippines, and South Korea. A reciprocal causal relationship was found in Macau and Singapore.