bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetohydrodynamics in a cylindrical shearing box
Authors: Suzuki Takeru K , Taki Tetsuo , Suriano Scott S 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We develop a framework for magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations in a local cylindrical shearing box by extending the formulation of the Cartesian shearing box. We construct shearing-periodic conditions at the radial boundaries of a simulation box from the conservation relations of the basic MHD equations, taking into account the explicit radial dependence of physical quantities. We demonstrate quasi-steady mass accretion, which cannot be handled by the standard Cartesian shearing box model, with an ideal MHD simulation in a vertically unstratified cylindrical shearing box for up to 200 rotations. In this demonstrative run we set up (i) net vertical magnetic flux, (ii) a locally isothermal equation of state, and (iii) a sub-Keplerian equilibrium rotation, whereas the sound velocity and the initial Alfvén velocity have the same radial dependence as that of the Keplerian velocity. Inward mass accretion is induced to balance the outward angular momentum flux of the MHD turbulence triggered by the magnetorotational instability in a self-consistent manner. We discuss detailed physical properties of the saturated magnetic field, in comparison to the results of a Cartesian shearing box simulation.
Pain Catastrophizing and Arthritis Self-Efficacy as Mediators of Sleep Disturbance and Osteoarthritis Symptom Severity
Authors: Tighe Caitlan A , Youk Ada , Ibrahim Said A , Weiner Debra K , Vina Ernest R , Kwoh C Kent , Gallagher Rollin M , Bramoweth Adam D , Hausmann Leslie R M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
Sleep and pain-related experiences are consistently associated, but the pathways linking these experiences are not well understood. We evaluated whether pain catastrophizing and arthritis self-efficacy mediate the association between sleep disturbance and osteoarthritis (OA) symptom severity in patients with knee OA.

Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional baseline data collected from Veterans Affairs (VA) patients enrolled in a clinical trial examining the effectiveness of a positive psychology intervention in managing pain from knee OA. Participants indicated how often in the past two weeks they were bothered by trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much. We used validated scales to assess the primary outcome (OA symptom severity) and potential mediators (arthritis self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing). To test the proposed mediation model, we used parallel multiple mediation analyses with bootstrapping, controlling for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with bivariate associations with OA symptom severity.

Results
The sample included 517 patients (Mage = 64 years, 72.9% male, 52.2% African American). On average, participants reported experiencing sleep disturbance at least several days in the past two weeks (M = 1.41, SD = 1.18) and reported moderate OA symptom severity (M = 48.22, SD = 16.36). More frequent sleep disturbance was associated with higher OA symptom severity directly (b = 3.08, P &lt;0.001) and indirectly, through higher pain catastrophizing (b = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20 to 1.11) and lower arthritis self-efficacy (b = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.42 to 1.42).

Conclusions
Pain catastrophizing and arthritis self-efficacy partially mediated the association between sleep disturbance and OA symptom severity. Behavioral interventions that address pain catastrophizing and/or self-efficacy may buffer the association between sleep disturbance and OA symptom severity.
Thinking Fast and Furious: Emotional Intensity and Opinion Polarization in Online Media
Authors: Asker David , Dinas Elias 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHow do online media increase opinion polarization? The “echo chamber” thesis points to the role of selective exposure to homogeneous views and information. Critics of this view emphasize the potential of online media to expand the ideological spectrum that news consumers encounter. Embedded in this discussion is the assumption that online media affects public opinion via the range of information that it offers to users. We show that online media can induce opinion polarization even among users exposed to ideologically heterogeneous views, by heightening the emotional intensity of the content. Higher affective intensity provokes motivated reasoning, which in turn leads to opinion polarization. The results of an online experiment focusing on the comments section, a user-driven tool of communication whose effects on opinion formation remain poorly understood, show that participants randomly assigned to read an online news article with a user comments section subsequently express more extreme views on the topic of the article than a control group reading the same article without any comments. Consistent with expectations, this effect is driven by the emotional intensity of the comments, lending support to the idea that motivated reasoning is the mechanism behind this effect.
Sudanese and Swedish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: immunological and clinical comparisons
Authors: Elbagir Sahwa , Elshafie Amir I , Elagib Elnour M , Mohammed NasrEldeen A , Aledrissy Mawahib I E , Sohrabian Azita , Nur Musa A M , Svenungsson Elisabet , Gunnarsson Iva , Rönnelid Johan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
SLE is known to have an aggressive phenotype in black populations, but data from African cohorts are largely lacking. We therefore compared immunological and clinical profiles between Sudanese and Swedish patients using similar tools.

Methods
Consecutive SLE patients from Sudan (n = 115) and Sweden (n = 340) and from 106 Sudanese and 318 Swedish age- and sex-matched controls were included. All patients fulfilled the 1982 ACR classification criteria for SLE. Ten ANA-associated specificities and C1q-binding immune complexes (CICs) were measured. Cut-offs were established based on Sudanese and Swedish controls, respectively. Disease activity was measured with a modified SLEDAI and organ damage with the SLICC Damage Index. In a nested case–control design, Swedish and Sudanese patients were matched for age and disease duration.

Results
Females constituted 95.6% and 88.1% of Sudanese and Swedish patients, respectively (P = 0.02), with younger age at inclusion (33 vs 47.7 years; P &lt; 0.0001) and shorter disease duration (5 vs 14 years; P &lt; 0.0001) among Sudanese patients. Anti-Sm antibodies were more frequent in Sudanese patients, whereas anti-dsDNA, anti-histone and CICs were higher in Swedish patients. In the matched analyses, there was a trend for higher SLEDAI among Swedes. However, Sudanese patients had more damage, solely attributed to high frequencies of cranial/peripheral neuropathy and diabetes.

Conclusion
While anti-Sm is more common in Sudan than in Sweden, the opposite is found for anti-dsDNA. Sudanese patients had higher damage scores, mainly because of neuropathy and diabetes. Sudanese patients were younger, with a shorter SLE duration, possibly indicating a more severe disease course with impact on survival rates.
Bounded relationality: how intermediary organizations encourage consumer exchanges with routinized relational work in a social insurance market
Authors: Chen Katherine K 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUsing observations of US governmental, advocacy and human service organizations’ (GAHSOs) talks, I show how these intermediary organizations endorsed ‘bounded relationality’ when teaching conventions about exchanges in the social insurance market. Bounded relationality synthesizes (a) Simon’s argument that organizations’ goals and practices help people compensate for bounded rationality—their cognitive limitations with decision-making—and (b) Zelizer’s relational work, which emphasizes how social relations animate market exchanges. GAHSOs attempted to acculturate older adults and their agents to decision-making routines of information-gathering and processing consumers, savvy information-seekers and watchful monitors. GAHSOs advised routinizing relational work toward making exchanges, including layperson relational work by family members and friends and expert relational work by professionals and advocacy and human service organizations. Bounded relationality supported people’s decision-making when initiating, maintaining or ending exchanges that organizations would recognize and process. By studying how intermediary actors facilitate bounded relationality, we understand how organizations encourage consumer exchanges.
The Zymoseptoria tritici ORFeome: A Functional Genomics Community Resource
Authors: Chaudhari Yogesh , Cairns Timothy C. , Sidhu Yaadwinder , Attah Victoria , Thomas Graham , Csukai Michael , Talbot Nicholas J. , Studholme David J. , Haynes Ken 
Published: July 2019

Libraries of protein-encoding sequences can be generated by identification of open reading frames (ORFs) from a genome of choice that are then assembled into collections of plasmids termed ORFeome libraries. These represent powerful resources to facilitate functional genomic characterization of genes and their encoded products. Here, we report the generation of an ORFeome for Zymoseptoria tritici, which causes the most serious disease of wheat in temperate regions of the world. We screened the genome of strain IP0323 for high confidence gene models, identifying 4,075 candidates from 10,933 predicted genes. These were amplified from genomic DNA, were cloned into the Gateway entry vector pDONR207, and were sequenced, providing a total of 3,022 quality-controlled plasmids. The ORFeome includes genes predicted to encode effectors (n = 410) and secondary metabolite biosynthetic proteins (n = 171) in addition to genes residing at dispensable chromosomes (n = 122) or those that are preferentially expressed during plant infection (n = 527). The ORFeome plasmid library is compatible with our previously developed suite of Gateway destination vectors, which have various combinations of promoters, selection markers, and epitope tags. The Z. tritici ORFeome constitutes a powerful resource for functional genomics and offers unparalleled opportunities to understand the biology of Z. tritici. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Authors: Teodorczyk-Injeyan Julita A. , Triano John J. , Injeyan H. Stephen 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The pathogenesis of low back pain (LBP) remains unclear. However, recent studies suggest that the inflammatory response may be inherent in spinal pain. The purpose of this study was to discern inflammatory profiles in patients with nonspecific acute and chronic LBP in relation to those in asymptomatic individuals.

Materials and Methods:
Peripheral blood samples were obtained from asymptomatic controls and patients with nonspecific acute and chronic LBP reporting a minimum pain score of 3 on a 10-point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The levels of in vitro production of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα], interleukin [IL] 1β, IL-6, IL-2, interferon γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist, soluble receptors of TNF2, and IL-10) mediators were determined by specific immunoassays.

Results:
The mean VAS scores were comparable between the acute and chronic LBP patient groups. Compared with asymptomatic group, the production of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and their ratios to IL-10 levels were significantly elevated in both patient groups (P=0.0001 to 0.003). In acute LBP group, the ratio of IL-2:IL-10 was also significantly increased (P=0.02). In contrast, the production of interferon γ was significantly reduced compared with the other study groups (P=0.005 to 0.01), nevertheless, it was positively correlated (P=0.006) with pain scores. In chronic LBP patients, the production of TNFα, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and soluble receptors of TNF2 was significantly increased (P=0.001 to 0.03) in comparison with the control and acute LBP groups, and TNFα and IL-1β levels were positively correlated (P<0.001) with VAS scores.

Conclusions:
The inflammatory profiles of patients with acute and chronic LBP are distinct. Nonetheless, in both patient groups, an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediator levels favors the production of proinflammatory components.
Relationship of Pain Quality Descriptors and Quantitative Sensory Testing
Authors: Dyal Brenda W. , Ezenwa Miriam O. , Yoon Saunjoo L. , Fillingim Roger B. , Yao Yingwei , Schlaeger Judith M. , Suarez Marie L. , Wang Zaijie J. , Molokie Robert E. , Wilkie Diana J. 
Published: July 2019

Background
Chronic pain in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) may be the result of altered processing in the central nervous system, as indicated by quantitative sensory testing (QST). Sensory pain quality descriptors on the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) are indicators of typical or altered pain mechanisms but have not been validated with QST-derived classifications.

Objectives
The specific aim of this study was to identify the sensory pain quality descriptors that are associated with the QST-derived normal or sensitized classifications. We expected to find that sets of sensory pain quality descriptors would discriminate the classifications.

Methods
A cross-sectional quantitative study of existing data from 186 adults of African ancestry with SCD. Variables included MPQ descriptors, patient demographic data, and QST-derived classifications.

Results
The participants were classified as central sensitization (n = 33), mixed sensitization (n = 23), and normal sensation. Sensory pain quality descriptors that differed statistically between mixed sensitization and central sensation compared to normal sensitization included cold (p = .01) and spreading (p = .01). Aching (p = .01) and throbbing (p = .01) differed statistically between central sensitization compared with mixed sensitization and normal sensation. Beating (p = .01) differed statistically between mixed sensitization compared with central sensitization and normal sensation. No set of sensory pain quality descriptors differed statistically between QST classifications.

Discussion
Our study is the first to examine the association between MPQ sensory pain quality descriptors and QST-derived classifications in adults with SCD. Our findings provide the basis for the development of a MPQ subscale with potential as a mechanism-based screening tool for neuropathic pain.
Microhematuria as an Indicator of Significant Abdominal Injury
Authors: Ohana-Sarna-Cahan Lea , Levin Yonatan , Gross Itai , Hassidim Ayal , Yuval Jonathan Benjamin , Hess Amit , Bala Miklosh , Hashavya Saar 
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives
Trauma is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. In many centers, microhematuria is used as a screening tool for the presence of significant abdominal injury and as an indication for further imaging. Our objective was to evaluate the role of microhematuria by dipstick as an indicator of significant abdominal injury in children.

Methods
A retrospective review of children aged 0 to 16 years admitted for a motor vehicle accident or a fall from 2007 to 2017 who had urinalyses performed.

Results
The charts of 655 children were reviewed. Microhematuria was found in 100 children, of whom 49 (49%), 28 (28%), and 23 (23%) had small, moderate, and large amounts of hematuria, respectively. Of the children who had microhematuria, 41 underwent a computed tomography scan. Positive findings were recorded in 16 (39%) of these patients. There was a clear association between microhematuria as detected by the urine dipstick and a significant finding on the computed tomography scan (P = 0.002). The sensitivity of microhematuria for significant abdominal pathology on imaging was 66.6% and the specificity was 68.3% (positive predictive value, 39%; negative predictive value, 87.1%). Microhematuria was associated with increased length of stay in the hospital (P < 0.001), surgical interventions (P = 0.036), and admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The diagnostic role of dipstick urine analysis in the assessment of intra-abdominal injury has low sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, it is still a valuable screening tool for the evaluation of the severity of injury.
Are We Doing Enough to Reduce Ionizing Radiation Exposure in Children?
Authors: Iyer Shweta , Patel Juhee , Moscatelli Marc , Narayanan Nisha , Brunsting Ella , Laub Daniel , Hooley Gwen , Tunik Michael , Foltin Jessica Cooper 
Published: July 2019

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate current imaging approaches in children with suspected appendicitis (AP) in the pediatric emergency department (ED) of a major urban medical center.

Methods
Children aged 6 to 18 years who presented to a pediatric ED in 2016 with possible AP were identified by a keyword search. Charts were reviewed for the following: age, sex, time of evaluation, imaging study, results of imaging study, disposition, and outcome.

Results
We calculated mean values and SD for continuous data. Initially, 503 charts were identified. Of these 503, 292 children were identified as having possible AP. Mean age was 10.7 years (SD, 2.7); 50.6% presented between 5:00 pm and 8:00 am the next morning. Of the 287 US studies performed, 114 (39.7%) were definitively positive or negative. Of these, 46 (16.0%) were negative for AP and 68 (23.7%) were positive. There were 173 (60.3%) ultrasounds that were equivocal. Computed tomography scans were performed in 41 (13.9%) of the total 292 patients, and 2 (0.7%) of the 292 received magnetic resonance imaging. Patient dispositions were as follows: discharged home, 163 (55.8%); admitted for appendectomy, 69 (23.6%); admitted for observation, 37 (12.7%); and extended observation in ED, 10 (3.4%). There were 83 (28.4%) total surgical and interventional radiology cases and 209 (71.6%) nonsurgical cases. Of the 81 appendectomies, 79 (97.5%) had an abnormal appendix, and 2 (2.5%) had no AP. Of the 79 abnormal appendices, 22 (27.8%) were perforated, 55 (69.6%) were not, and 2 (2.6%) were unclear.

Conclusions
Computed tomography scans were performed in 13.9% of patients with suspected AP. The overall AP rate was 28.4%. We plan to increase the use of magnetic resonance imaging and other modalities to reduce overall computed tomography usage.
Propionibacterium acnes Pacemaker Endocarditis in a Patient With a Redundant Loop of the Ventricular Lead
Authors: Gorospe Luis , Miguelena-Hycka Javier , Martín-García Miren , Ajuria-Illarramendi Odile , Almeida-Aróstegui Nicolás Alejandro 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A 59-year-old man with a pacemaker who was admitted for evaluation of fever was found to have a redundant loop of the ventricular lead and a vegetation attached to it. An FDG PET/CT revealed a focus of FDG uptake at the ventricular lead loop. Surgical extraction of the pacemaker device confirmed a Propionibacterium acnes pacemaker endocarditis. We hypothesize that the redundant loop of the ventricular lead induced a chronic mechanical stress both to the tricuspid valve and to the lead itself, facilitating the bacterial colonization of the lead.
Calcitonin-Negative Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Thyroid on 68Ga DOTANOC PET-CT
Authors: Tripathy Sarthak , Aggrawal Shipra , Subudhi Kishan , Kumar Rakesh , Narwal Anubhav 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the thyroid gland are generally considered to be derived from parafollicular endocrine or C cells and are known as medullary thyroid carcinomas. Non–calcitonin-producing NETs of the thyroid are extremely rare in occurrence and pose a significant diagnostic dilemma for the physician and pathologist. We describe a case of a 58-year-old woman who was diagnosed as having primary NET thyroid with normal calcitonin levels and 68Ga DOTANOC PET-CT scan findings which were done for initial extent evaluation of the disease.
18F-NaF Uptake in Ocular Prosthesis (Implant)
Authors: Kothekar Esha , Seraj Siavash Mehdizadeh , Kaghazchi Fatemeh , Werner Thomas J. , Alavi Abass 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ocular prosthesis is used as a replacement in the orbit following enucleation or evisceration of the eye. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), hydroxyapatite (HA) and porous polyethylene (PP) are some examples of the materials used in ocular prosthesis. We present a case of an 82-year-old man with prostate cancer who underwent 18F-NaF PET/CT imaging for evaluation of bone metastases and was incidentally found to have increased NaF uptake in the ocular prosthesis.
Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Volume and Physiology of Nasal Cavity After Septhorhinoplasty
Authors: Tugrul Selahattin , Dogan Remzi , Hassouna Hasan , Sharifov Rasul , Ozturan Orhan , Eren Sabri Baki 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
In this study, the authors aimed to compare the nasal physiology and nasal cavity volume with three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) 1 year after the operation with the values before the operation to investigate the possible narrowing and loss of function in the nasal cavity after septorhinoplasty (SRP) operation.

Methods:
Of 415 patients who had a primary SRP operation, 28 patients who met the criteria were included in the study. Nasal cavity volumes of patients with postoperative CTs were measured three-dimensionally after a mean 13 months, and objective rhinologic measurements (rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, and peak nasal inspiratory flow [PNIF]) and subjective assessment methods (Visual Analog Scale [VAS], Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation [NOSE]) were performed.

Results:
The mean postoperative VAS and PNIF values of the patients were significantly higher than the mean preoperative values. The mean postoperative NOSE value of the patients was significantly lower than the mean preoperative values. Although the mean MCA-1 and MCA-2 levels of the patients increased postoperatively, the increase was not significant. Although the postoperative mean values of VOL-1 and VOL-2 increased compared with the preoperative values, the increase was not significant. In the CT measurements of the patients, the nasal cavity volumes were significantly higher than the preoperative values.

Conclusion:
Nasal cavity volumes in patients undergoing SRP were compared with 3D-CT for the first time in the literature, and a significant increase in nasal volume was observed in the postoperative first year. This finding suggests that the correction of intranasal problems leads to an increase in the nasal volume in SRP operations, although nasal osteotomy is performed.