bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeatability of regional pulmonary functional metrics of Hyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved‐phase MRI
Authors: Hahn Andrew D. , Kammerman Jeff , Evans Michael , Zha Wei , Cadman Robert V. , Meyer Keith , Sandbo Nathan , Fain Sean B. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundMRI of hyperpolarized 129Xenon (HP 129Xe) is increasingly utilized for investigating pulmonary function. The solubility of HP 129Xe in lung tissue, blood plasma (Barrier), and red blood cells (RBC), with unique chemical shifts, enables spectroscopic imaging of potential imaging biomarkers of gas exchange and microstructural pulmonary physiology.PurposeTo quantify global average and regional repeatability of Barrier:gas, RBC:gas, and RBC:Barrier ratios derived from dissolved‐phase 129Xe imaging and their dependence on intervisit changes in lung inflation volume.Study TypeProspective.PopulationFourteen healthy volunteers. One subject was unable to complete the study resulting in 13 subjects for analysis (eight female, five male, ages 24–69, 53.8 ± 13.9).Field Strength1.5T.AssessmentSubjects were imaged using a 3D radial 1‐point Dixon method to separate Barrier and RBC component signals, at two different timepoints, with ~1 month between visits. RBC:Gas, Barrier:Gas, and RBC:Barrier measures were compared across time and with pulmonary function tests (PFTs).Statistical TestsRepeatablilty was quantified using Bland–Altman plots, coefficient of repeatability, coefficient of variation (CV), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Dependence of imaging measures on PFTs and lung volume was evaluated using Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients, respectively. Statistical significance was determined by F‐test for intraclass correlations, and t‐test for Spearman correlations and regression.ResultsMean RBC:Gas, Barrier:Gas, and RBC:Barrier had CVs of 19.2%, 20.0%, and 11.5%, respectively, and had significant ICCs, equal to 0.78, 0.79, and 0.92, respectively. Intervisit differences in RBC:Barrier were significantly correlated with intervisit differences in DLCO (r = 0.93, P = 0.007). Significant correlations with intervisit lung volume differences and intervisit differences in mean RBC:Gas (r = –0.73, P = 0.005) and Barrier:Gas (r = –0.69, P = 0.009) were found.Data ConclusionThree commonly used 129Xe MRI‐based measures of gas‐exchange show good repeatability, particularly the Barrier:RBC ratio, which did not depend on lung inflation volume and was strongly associated with intervisit changes in DLCO.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1182–1190.
Metabolites study on 5‐O‐methylvisammioside in vivo and in vitro by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Fan Xueyan , Liu Xiaochen , Meng Caifeng , Liu Ruina , Zhang Zijian , Wang Chunying 
Published: April 2019

Abstract5‐O‐Methylvisammioside is one of major chromones of Radix Saposhnikoviae possessing definite pharmacological activities, but there are few reports with respect to the metabolism of 5‐O‐methylvisammioside. In this work, metabolites in vivo were explored in male Sprague‐Dawley rats and in vitro investigated on rat intestinal bacteria incubation model and were identified by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. An online data acquisition method based on a multiple mass defect filter and dynamic background subtraction was developed to trace all probable metabolites. As a result, 26 metabolites in vivo (including 18, 15, 10, and 10 in rat urine, faece, bile, and blood) and 7 metabolites in vitro were characterized, respectively. Additionally, the main metabolic pathways in vivo and in vitro, including deglycosylation, deglycosylation + demethylation, deglycosylation + oxidation, N‐acetylation, and sulfate conjugation, were summarized by calculating the relative content of each metabolite. The obtained results significantly enriched our knowledge about 5‐O‐methylvisammioside metabolism and will lead to a better understanding of its safety and efficacy.
Identity and destination branding among residents: How does brand self‐congruity influence brand attitude and ambassadorial behavior?
Authors: Wassler Philipp , Wang Liang , Hung Kam 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResidents of a particular destination are potentially the largest and most powerful stakeholders of destination brands. However, the basis of residents' attitudes toward destination branding is not widely understood. In this study, it is proposed that self‐congruity (the degree of match between the perceived self and perceived brand identity) is a possible antecedent of these attitudes. We empirically demonstrate that brand self‐congruity is a likely indicator of destination brand attitude and that subsequent ambassadorial behavior among residents is probable. Implications for practitioners and future research opportunities are finally suggested.
Variable response of inorganic carbon and consistent increase of organic carbon as a consequence of afforestation in areas with semiarid soils
Authors: Jia Xiaoxu , Wang Xiang , Hou Lingcao , Wei Xiaorong , Zhang Yan , Shao Ming'an , Zhao Xiaoning 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSoil inorganic carbon (SIC) is the most common form of carbon in arid and semiarid regions, where afforestation is used to combat soil degradation. However, response of SIC to afforestation has been studied rarely, which hinders any prediction about soil carbon dynamics. To determine the response of SIC and soil organic carbon (SOC) to afforestation in semiarid soils and whether such responses vary with soil aggregates, soil texture, and climatic conditions, we measured SIC and SOC in bulk soils and aggregate fractions under paired afforested lands and farmlands at five sites across the Loess Plateau. The relationship of these responses to soils and climatic variables was analyzed. Afforestation increased SOC at all sites, with accumulation rates of 0.21, 0.23, 0.34, and 0.09 g kg−1 yr−1 in bulk soils, macroaggregates (>0.25 mm), microaggregates (0.25–0.053 mm), and silt + clay fraction, respectively, when averaged across sites and soil depths. However, the response of SIC to afforestation varied with site, with increased SIC in drier sites and decreased SIC in wetter sites. Change in SIC was negatively correlated with change in SOC either across or within bulk soils and aggregate fractions. The SIC decreased and SOC increased with increasing soil clay content, precipitation, temperature, and site aridity index. These results indicated consistent increase in SOC but variable response of SIC to afforestation among sites in the Loess Plateau. Such variable response of SIC should be incorporated into carbon cycle models to reduce uncertainties when predicting sequestration dynamics of soil carbon.
KCl‐induced corrosion of Ni‐based alloys containing 35–45 wt% Cr
Authors: Malede Yohanes C. , Simon Julien P. , Jonsson Torbjörn , Montgomery Melanie , Dahl Kristian V. , Hald John 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNi–(35–45)Cr–4Nb alloys containing different fractions of α‐Cr were exposed to potassium chloride (KCl)‐induced corrosion. The corrosion exposures were carried out for 168 hr at 600°C in a 15% (vol/vol) H2O (g) + 5% (vol/vol) O2 (g) + N2 (g; balance) atmosphere using KCl‐free (reference) and predeposited KCl samples. To mimic the KCl deposition in real boilers, 24 hr exposures where KCl vapor condensed continuously onto samples were also performed. The corrosion attack of the studied materials increased significantly when KCl was present compared to the KCl‐free samples. For the KCl exposures, the corrosion attack drastically increased when a significant α‐Cr fraction was present. α‐Cr was either selectively attacked or dissolved through solid‐state diffusion and a layered build‐up of the outer external scale of K2CrO4 and chromia could be observed. For the in situ condensed KCl exposure, severe corrosion was observed already within the 24 hr exposure, indicating a higher corrosion rate compared with when KCl was predeposited.
Influence of deformation on corrosion of mooring chain steel in seawater
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Hoogeland Martijn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAfter chain making, proof load testing is used to evaluate if the chains are mechanically qualified. However, proof load testing may bring elongation in the chain links that may affect the corrosion performance of mooring chains in seawater. The influence of deformation and microorganisms on the corrosion properties of chain steel in seawater were investigated together with industry. As part of the Localized Mooring Chain Corrosion (LMCC) JIP project, chain links were prepared according to industrial standards. Some steel samples were elongated to a maximum of 6%. The steel samples were tested by immersion in artificial seawater with and without the addition of microorganisms. Their corrosion behavior was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The corrosion morphology was investigated using three dimentional microscopy. The results indicate that elongation has an adverse effect on the corrosion resistance of the steel in seawater. With the addition of microorganisms localized corrosion is enhanced.
Indivisible sets and well‐founded orientations of the Rado graph
Authors: Ackerman Nathanael L. , Brian Will 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEvery set can been thought of as a directed graph whose edge relation is ∈ . We show that many natural examples of directed graphs of this kind are indivisible: for every infinite κ, for every indecomposable λ, and every countable model of set theory. All of the countable digraphs we consider are orientations of the countable random graph. In this way we find indivisible well‐founded orientations of the random graph that are distinct up to isomorphism, and ℵ1 that are distinct up to siblinghood.
Processing of the Multifunctional Polymer Poly(phenylene methylene) into Fibers, Films, Foams, and Microspheres
Authors: Braendle Andreas , Ofner Alessandro , Perevedentsev Aleksandr , Schwendimann Pascal , Niederberger Markus , Caseri Walter R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPoly(phenylene methylene) (PPM) has recently emerged as a promising multifunctional polymer, requiring straightforward one‐step synthesis to achieve high molar mass and featuring a range of attractive properties. Its processability, however, has not been explored in detail to date. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive investigation of the processability of PPM into a wide range of forms by employing various polymer processing techniques. Thin fibers (diameter ≈100 µm) over 1 km in length and shorter thick fibers (diameter ≈1 mm) are produced by melt spinning. Although no crystallinity is observed, the fibers surprisingly exhibit pronounced birefringence. The capability for waveguiding red light within the fibers is also demonstrated. Furthermore, films with a broad thickness range, spanning nanometer to millimeter length scales, are fabricated using different approaches such as spin‐coating, hot pressing, and die casting. All films feature a very smooth and crack‐free surface topography. Additionally, freestanding foams of PPM are obtained by foaming highly concentrated solutions, and quasi‐monodisperse microspheres are prepared by a microfluidic high‐throughput emulsification. The material properties of these different specimen forms are investigated and discussed for implementation as products ranging from plastic optical fibers and light emitting diodes, to protective coatings and packaging, as well as insulators and separation membranes.
Polyamide/PEG Blends as Biocompatible Biomaterials for the Convenient Regulation of Cell Adhesion and Growth
Authors: Winnacker Malte , Beringer Andreas J. G. , Gronauer Thomas F. , Güngör Hicran H. , Reinschlüssel Leonhard , Rieger Bernhard , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn addition to their established usage in textiles, commodities, and automotives, classical polyamides (nylons) are recently becoming increasingly interesting for applications in (bio)medicine. This fact relies on many prosperous properties of these polymers, which are toughness, resistance, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, tunable biodegradability, and their similarity to natural peptides (amide bonds). Some nylon‐based medical products do already exist for wound treatment applications, implants, and biomolecule‐interacting membranes, but the systematic use of these polymers for tissue engineering is—although desired—still to be accomplished. Inspired by this, the suitability of nylon 6 and of a related biobased and more hydrophobic terpene‐derived polyamide as surfaces for the controlled interaction with HaCat cells (human keratinocytes) are investigated herein with regard to possible applications for regenerative skin replacement. The nylons are applied as neat polymers and as hydrophilized blends/composites with polyethylene glycol and confirm their excellent suitability as biomaterials.
PARP14 promotes the proliferation and gemcitabine chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells through activation of NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Yao Na , Chen Qiuyang , Shi Weihai , Tang Liming , Fu Yue 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) is the most fatal gastrointestinal malignancy in the world, with a 5‐year relative survival of only 8%. Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP)14, a member of the macro‐PARP subfamily proteins, has been reported to participate in various biologic and pathologic processes in multiple cancers. The roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of PARP14 in PC carcinogenesis, however, remain to be elucidated. In this study, we for the first time discovered that PARP14 was highly expressed in human primary PC specimens and significantly correlated with poor patient prognosis. Using loss‐of‐function studies in vitro and in vivo, we showed that the knockdown of PARP14 led to enhanced apoptosis, repressed proliferation, and gemcitabine (GEM) resistance of PC cells. Further investigations revealed that PARP14 was significantly overexpressed in GEM‐resistant PC cells (SW1990/GZ). And silencing of PARP14 significantly reversed the GEM resistance of SW1990/GZ cells. To the mechanism, PARP14 could stimulate PC progression by the activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway. And inhibition of NF‐κB signal could significantly reverse PARP14–overexpression triggered PC carcinogenesis. In conclusion, PARP14 could promote PC cell proliferation, antiapoptosis, and GEM resistance via NF‐κB signaling pathway, highlighting its potential role as a therapeutic target for PC.
Comparison of gene mutation spectrum of thalassemia in different regions of China and Southeast Asia
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Cui Quexuan , Zhou Wenzhe , Qiu Ling , Han Bing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThalassemia is a common genetic disorder. High prevalence of thalassemia is found in South China, Southeast Asia, India, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean regions. Thalassemia was thought to exist only in southern China, but an increasing number of cases from northern China have been recently reported.MethodsDuring 2012 to 2017, suspected thalassemia people were detected for common α‐ and β‐thalassemia mutations by gap‐Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and reverse dot blot (RDB) analysis in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. One thousand and fifty‐nine people with thalassemia mutations were analyzed retrospectively. We picked mutated individuals who originally came from northern areas, and conducted telephone follow‐up survey in order to collect their ancestral information. Besides, we used “thalassemia”, “mutation”, and “Southeast Asian countries” as keywords to search the relevant studies in PubMed and Embase databases.ResultsAll carriers included in our study were resided in northern China. Among them, 17.3% were native northerners and 82.7% were immigrants from southern China. Although substantial difference was found in α‐ and β‐thalassemia ratio and detailed spectrum of α‐ and β‐globin mutation spectrum between our data and data obtained from a previous meta‐analysis literature focused on southern China, the most common gene mutations were the same. Similar β‐thalassemia mutation spectrum was found among Thai, Malaysian Chinese, and Guangdong people, however, no other similarities in gene profile were found between Chinese and other ethnic groups in Southeast Asia.ConclusionChinese people in different areas had similar gene mutation, whereas they had significantly different mutation spectrums from other ethnic groups in Southeast Asia.
Clinical utility in infants with suspected monogenic conditions through next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Hong Sha , Wang Li , Zhao Dongying , Zhang Yonghong , Chen Yan , Tan Jintong , Liang Lili , Zhu Tianwen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundRare diseases are complex disorders with huge variability in clinical manifestations. Decreasing cost of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) tests in recent years made it affordable. We witnessed the diagnostic yield and clinical use of different NGS strategies on a myriad of monogenic disorders in a pediatric setting.MethodsNext‐generation sequencing tests are performed for 98 unrelated Chinese patients within their first year of life, who were admitted to Xin Hua Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, during a 2‐year period.ResultsClinical indications for NGS tests included a range of medical concerns. The mean age was 4.4 ± 4.2 months of age for infants undergoing targeting specific (known) disease‐causing genes (TRS) analysis, and 4.4 ± 4.3 months of age for whole‐exome sequencing (WES) (p > 0.05). A molecular diagnosis is done in 72 infants (73.47%), which finds a relatively high yield with phenotypes of metabolism/homeostasis abnormality (HP: 0001939) (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 0.56–6.04; p = 0.32) and a significantly low yield with atypical symptoms (without a definite HPO term) (odds ratio, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01–0.73; p = 0.03). TRS analysis provides molecular yields higher than WES (p = 0.01). Ninety‐eight different mutations are discovered in 72 patients. Twenty‐seven of them have not been reported previously. Nearly half (43.06%, 31/72) of the patients are found to carry 11 common disorders, mostly being inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and neurogenetic disorders and all of them are observed through TRS analysis. Eight positive cases are identified through WES, and all of them are sporadic, of highly variable phenotypes and severity. There are 26 patients with negative findings in this study.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that NGS can yield high success rates in a tertiary pediatric setting, but suggests that the scope of known Mendelian conditions may be considerably broader than currently recognized.
Maternal genetic markers for risk of celiac disease and their potential association with neural tube defects in offspring
Authors: Hoang Thanh T. , Lei Yunping , Mitchell Laura E. , Sharma Shreela V. , Swartz Michael D. , Waller D. Kim , Finnell Richard H. , Benjamin Renata H. , Browne Marilyn L. , Canfield Mark A. , Lupo Philip J. , McKenzie Paige , Shaw Gary M. , Agopian A. J. ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the association between the maternal genotype for celiac disease‐associated variants and risk of neural tube defects (NTDs).MethodsWe conducted a case–control study, using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. We evaluated 667 cases (women with an offspring with NTD) and 743 controls (women with an offspring without a birth defect). We classified women as having low, intermediate, or high risk of celiac disease based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants. We used logistic regression to assess the relationship between HLA celiac risk group (low, intermediate, high) and risk of NTDs. Fifteen non‐HLA variants (identified from genome‐wide association studies of celiac disease) were individually evaluated and modeled additively.ResultsThere was no association between HLA celiac risk group and NTDs (intermediate vs. low risk: aOR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8–1.3; high vs. low risk: aOR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.5–1.3). Of the fifteen non‐HLA variants, we observed five significant associations after accounting for multiple comparisons. Three negative associations were observed with rs10903122, rs13314993, rs13151961 (aOR range: 0.69–0.81), and two positive associations were observed with rs13003464 and rs11221332 (aOR range: 1.27–1.73).ConclusionIf confirmed, our results suggest that the maternal variants related to celiac disease may be involved in the risk of NTDs.
Sex-Specific Dynamic Rates in the Alligator Gar: Implications for Stock Assessment and Management
Authors: Daugherty Daniel J. , Buckmeier David L. , Smith Nathan G. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Growth and mortality are commonly estimated for fish populations; however, potential differences between males and females receive less attention. Quantifying sex-specific dynamic rates can be important as they can lead to differential exploitation, altered sex ratios, and reduced reproductive potential. We examined sex-specific growth, size and age structure, maximum observed age, longevity, and total mortality using total length (TL), age, and sex collected from 549 Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula from multiple Texas systems. Males (n = 324) ranged from 353 to 2,051 mm TL and 1–61 years of age, whereas females (n = 225) were 385 to 2,420 mm TL and 1–60 years old. We found significant differences in population-specific size and age distributions between sexes. Greater than 91% of males were less than 1,500 mm TL, whereas over 63% of females sampled were greater than this length. Sixty-four percent of males were ≤ 10 years old as compared with only 20% of females. Sex-specific estimates of longevity and total mortality indicated that females lived 10–15 years longer than males and exhibited 25% to 40% lower total mortality. Despite similar growth rates for males and females prior to age 3, female Alligator Gar growth was greater than males at older age-classes, resulting in a 617-mm difference in theoretical maximum length based on the double von Bertalanffy growth model. The considerable differences we observed between sexes have important implications for population sampling and stock assessment and highlight the importance of collecting sex-specific data.
Minimum reload cost cycle cover in complete graphs
Authors: Büyükçolak Yasemin , Gözüpek Didem , Özkan Sibel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe reload cost refers to the cost that occurs along a path on an edge‐colored graph when it traverses an internal vertex between two edges of different colors. Galbiati et al. introduced the Minimum Reload Cost Cycle Cover problem, which is to find a set of vertex‐disjoint cycles spanning all vertices with minimum reload cost. They proved that this problem is strongly NP‐hard and not approximable within 1/ϵ for any ϵ > 0 even when the number of colors is 2, the reload costs are symmetric and satisfy the triangle inequality. In this paper, we prove that the minimum reload cost is zero on complete graphs with n vertices and an equitable 2‐edge‐coloring except possibly n = 4 or with a nearly equitable 2‐edge‐coloring except possibly for n ≤ 13. Furthermore, we provide a polynomial‐time algorithm that constructs a monochromatic cycle cover in complete graphs Kn with an equitable 2‐edge‐coloring except possibly for n = 4. This algorithm also finds a monochromatic cycle cover in complete graphs with a nearly equitable 2‐edge‐coloring except for some special cases.