bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrolytic Carbon Nanosheets for Ultrafast and Ultrastable Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Cho Se Youn , Kang Minjee , Choi Jaewon , Lee Min Eui , Yoon Hyeon Ji , Kim Hae Jin , Leal Cecilia , Lee Sungho , Jin Hyoung‐Joon , Yun Young Soo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNa‐ion cointercalation in the graphite host structure in a glyme‐based electrolyte represents a new possibility for using carbon‐based materials (CMs) as anodes for Na‐ion storage. However, local microstructures and nanoscale morphological features in CMs affect their electrochemical performances; they require intensive studies to achieve high levels of Na‐ion storage performances. Here, pyrolytic carbon nanosheets (PCNs) composed of multitudinous graphitic nanocrystals are prepared from renewable bioresources by heating. In particular, PCN‐2800 prepared by heating at 2800 °C has a distinctive sp2 carbon bonding nature, crystalline domain size of ≈44.2 Å, and high electrical conductivity of ≈320 S cm−1, presenting significantly high rate capability at 600 C (60 A g−1) and stable cycling behaviors over 40 000 cycles as an anode for Na‐ion storage. The results of this study show the unusual graphitization behaviors of a char‐type carbon precursor and exceptionally high rate and cycling performances of the resulting graphitic material, PCN‐2800, even surpassing those of supercapacitors.
Real‐Time Imaging of Dynamic Cell Reprogramming with Nanosensors
Authors: Wiraja Christian , Yeo David C. , Tham Khek‐Chian , Chew Sharon W. T. , Lim Xinhong , Xu Chenjie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCellular reprogramming, the process by which somatic cells regain pluripotency, is relevant in many disease modeling, therapeutic, and drug discovery applications. Molecular evaluation of reprogramming (e.g., polymerase chain reaction, immunostaining) is typically disruptive, and only provides snapshots of phenotypic traits. Gene reporter constructs facilitate live‐cell evaluation but is labor intensive and may risk insertional mutagenesis during viral transfection. Herein, the utilization of a non‐integrative nanosensor is demonstrated to visualize key reprogramming events in situ within live cells. Principally based on sustained intracellular release of encapsulated molecular probes, nanosensors successfully monitored mesenchymal‐epithelial transition, pluripotency acquisition, and transdifferentiation events. Tracking the dynamic expression of four pivotal biomarkers (i.e., THY1, E‐CADHERIN, OCT4, and GATA4 mRNA), nanosensor signal showed great agreement with polymerase chain reaction and gene reporter imaging (R2 > 0.9). Overall, such facile, versatile nanosensor enables real‐time monitoring of low‐frequency reprogramming events, thereby useful for high‐throughput assessment, optimization, and biomarker‐specific cell enrichment.
The Flexibility of an Amorphous Cobalt Hydroxide Nanomaterial Promotes the Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Juzhe , Nai Jianwei , You Tingting , An Pengfei , Zhang Jing , Ma Guanshui , Niu Xiaogang , Liang Chaoying , Yang Shihe , Guo Lin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStructural flexibility can be a desirable trait of an operating catalyst because it adapts itself to a given catalytic process for enhanced activity. Here, amorphous cobalt hydroxide nanocages are demonstrated to be a promising electrocatalyst with an overpotential of 0.28 V at 10 mA cm−2, far outperforming the crystalline counterparts and being in the top rank of the catalysts of their kind, under the condition of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. From the direct experimental in situ and ex situ results, this enhanced activity is attributed to its high structural flexibility in terms of 1) facile and holistic transformation into catalytic active phase; 2) hosting oxygen vacancies; and 3) structure self‐regulation in a real‐time process. Significantly, based on plausible catalytic mechanism and computational simulation results, it is disclosed how this structural flexibility facilitates the kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction. This work deepens the understanding of the structure–activity relationship of the Co‐based catalysts in electrochemical catalysis, and it inspires more applications that require flexible structures enabled by such amorphous nanomaterials.
Controllable Synthesis of [11−2−2] Faceted InN Nanopyramids on ZnO for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Huiqiang , Ma Xinzhou , Chen Zuxin , Li Qiuguo , Lin Zuoye , Liu Han , Zhao Liuying , Chu Sheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIndium nitride (InN) is one of the promising narrow band gap semiconductors for utilizing solar energy in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, its widespread application is still hindered by the difficulties in growing high‐quality InN samples. Here, high‐quality InN nanopyramid arrays are synthesized via epitaxial growth on ZnO single‐crystals. The as‐prepared InN nanopyramids have well‐defined exposed facets of [0001], [11−2−2], [1−212], and [−2112], which provide a possible routine for understanding water oxidation processes on the different facets of nanostructures in nanoscale. First‐principles density functional calculations reveal that the nonpolar [11−2−2] face has the highest catalytic activity for water oxidation. PEC investigations demonstrate that the band positions of the InN nanopyramids are strongly altered by the ZnO substrate and a heterogeneous n–n junction is naturally formed at the InN/ZnO interface. The formation of the n–n junction and the built‐in electric field is ascribed to the efficient separation of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs and the good PEC performance of the InN/ZnO. The InN/ZnO shows good photostability and the hydrogen evolution is about 0.56 µmol cm−2 h−1, which is about 30 times higher than that of the ZnO substrate. This study demonstrates the potential application of the InN/ZnO photoanodes for PEC water splitting.
High‐Responsivity Photodetection by a Self‐Catalyzed Phase‐Pure p‐GaAs Nanowire
Authors: Ali Hassan , Zhang Yunyan , Tang Jing , Peng Kai , Sun Sibai , Sun Yue , Song Feilong , Falak Attia , Wu Shiyao , Qian Chenjiang , Wang Meng , Zuo Zhanchun , Jin Kui‐Juan , Sanchez Ana M. , Liu Huiyun , Xu Xiulai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDefects are detrimental for optoelectronics devices, such as stacking faults can form carrier‐transportation barriers, and foreign impurities (Au) with deep‐energy levels can form carrier traps and nonradiative recombination centers. Here, self‐catalyzed p‐type GaAs nanowires (NWs) with a pure zinc blende (ZB) structure are first developed, and then a photodetector made from these NWs is fabricated. Due to the absence of stacking faults and suppression of large amount of defects with deep energy levels, the photodetector exhibits room‐temperature high photoresponsivity of 1.45 × 105 A W−1 and excellent specific detectivity (D*) up to 1.48 × 1014 Jones for a low‐intensity light signal of wavelength 632.8 nm, which outperforms previously reported NW‐based photodetectors. These results demonstrate these self‐catalyzed pure‐ZB GaAs NWs to be promising candidates for optoelectronics applications.
Magnetically Powered Annelid‐Worm‐Like Microswimmers
Authors: Liu Yiman , Ge Dongqing , Cong Jiawei , Piao Hong‐Guang , Huang Xiufeng , Xu Yunli , Lu Guangduo , Pan Liqing , Liu Min 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA bioinspired magnetically powered microswimmer is designed and experimentally demonstrated by mimicking the morphology of annelid worms. The structural parameters of the microswimmer, such as the surface wrinkling, can be controlled by applying prestrain on substrate for the precise fabrication and consistent performance of the microswimmers. The resulting annelid‐worm‐like microswimmers display efficient propulsion under an oscillating magnetic field, reaching a peak speed of ≈100 µm s−1. The speed and directionality of the microswimmer can be readily controlled by changing the parameters of the field inputs. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the microswimmers are able to transport microparticles toward a predefined destination, although the translation velocity is inevitably reduced due to the additional hydrodynamic resistance of the microparticles. These annelid‐worm‐like microswimmers have excellent mobility, good maneuverability, and strong transport capacity, and they hold considerable promise for diverse biomedical, chemical sensing, and environmental applications.
Vegetationsentwicklung in revitalisierten Flusslandschaften am Beispiel des LIFE+-Traisen-Projekts
Authors: Egger Gregory , Mayer Katharina , Kreuzberger Markus , Aigner Susanne 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die übergeordneten Ziele des LIFE+-Traisen-Projektes liegen in der Schaffung von naturnahen Gewässer- und Auenbiozönosen und einer Erhöhung der Biodiversität im „Europaschutzgebiet Tullnerfelder Donauauen“. Erreicht werden sollen diese Ziele durch eine optimale Vernetzung des neu angelegten und ungesicherten Traisenflussbettes mit den großflächig abgesenkten Ufer- und Auenbereichen der Donauauen. Generell sind die Wachstumsbedingungen im Absenkungsbereich sehr gut und die Vegetationsentwicklung verläuft im gesamten Projektgebiet entsprechend rasch. In allen Bauabschnitten konnten sich auf über 50 % der Flächen jeweils in der ersten Vegetationsperiode bereits die Silber-Weide (Salix alba) und die Schwarz-Pappel (Populus nigra) über eine Naturverjüngung etablieren. Auf den restlichen Flächen haben sich Hochstauden, Röhrichtarten und ruderale Arten durchgesetzt. Vor allem das Rohrglanzgras (Phalaris arundinacea) hat sich massiv verbreitet. In den beiden Folgejahren hat sich die Gehölzanzahl verringert. Es konnten sich jedoch trotz Wildverbiss und der Lichtkonkurrenz mit den krautigen Arten die standorttypischen Gehölze etablieren und über eine erfolgreiche Naturverjüngung auch in den beiden Folgejahren noch zusätzliche Flächen einnehmen. Neophyten treten bislang nur vereinzelt auf. Am häufigsten ist noch die Goldrute (Solidago gigantea, S. canadensis) zu finden. In Summe zeichnet sich ab, dass die gesamte Umlandabsenkung bereits in den nächsten Jahren bis auf ca. Mittelwasserhöhe der „neuen“ Traisen von einer dichten Vegetationsdecke eingenommen werden wird. Pionierflächen werden, falls sich kein „Jahrhunderthochwasser“ ereignet, wieder fast vollständig verschwinden. Es ist absehbar, dass sich trotz Wildverbiss und der Lichtkonkurrenz die jungen Weiden und Pappeln zu einem locker geschlossenen Weichholzauwald entwickeln werden. Dieser wird mosaikartig mit Röhricht- und Hochstaudenfluren verzahnt sein. Letztere werden über viele Jahre mehr oder minder als solche stabil bleiben.
Clinical characteristics associated with paedophilia and child sex offending – Differentiating sexual preference from offence status
Authors: Gerwinn Hannah , Weiß Simone , Tenbergen Gilian , Amelung Till , Födisch Carina , Pohl Alexander , Massau Claudia , Kneer Jonas , Mohnke Sebastian , Kärgel Christian , Wittfoth Matthias , Jung Stefanie , Drumkova Krassimira , Schiltz Kolja , Walter Martin , Beier Klaus M. , Walter Henrik , Ponseti Jorge , Schiffer Boris , Kruger Tillmann H.C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractContrary to public perception, child sex offending (CSO) and paedophilia are not the same. Only half of all cases of CSO are motivated by paedophilic preference, and a paedophilic preference does not necessarily lead to CSO. However, studies that investigated clinical factors accompanying and contributing to paedophilia so far mainly relied on paedophiles with a history of CSO. The aim of this study was to distinguish between factors associated with sexual preference (paedophile versus non-paedophile) and offender status (with versus without CSO). Accordingly, a 2 (sexual preference) × 2 (offender status) factorial design was used for a comprehensive clinical assessment of paedophiles with and without a history of CSO (n = 83, n = 79 respectively), child sex offenders without paedophilia (n = 32) and healthy controls (n = 148). Results indicated that psychiatric comorbidities, sexual dysfunctions and adverse childhood experiences were more common among paedophiles and child sex offenders than controls. Offenders and non-offenders differed in age, intelligence, educational level and experience of childhood sexual abuse, whereas paedophiles and non-paedophiles mainly differed in sexual characteristics (e.g., additional paraphilias, onset and current level of sexual activity). Regression analyses were more powerful in segregating offender status than sexual preference (mean classification accuracy: 76% versus 68%). In differentiating between offence- and preference-related factors this study improves clinical understanding of both phenomena and may be used to develop scientifically grounded CSO prevention and treatment programmes. It also highlights that some deviations are not traceable to just one of these two factors, thus raising the issue of the mechanism underlying both phenomena.
Reducing Clostridium difficile Colitis Rates Via Cost-Saving Diagnostic Stewardship
Authors: Yen Christina , Holtom Paul , Butler-Wu Susan M. , Wald-Dickler Noah , Shulman Ira , Spellberg Brad 
Published: April 2018

We conducted a quality improvement project at a large public tertiary-care academic hospital to reduce reported hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) rates. We introduced diagnostic stewardship and provider education, resulting in a 2-fold reduction in C. difficile nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) orders and markedly lower hospital CDI rate.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:734–736
Autonomy and prenuptial agreements in Ireland: a relational analysis
Authors: Buckley Lucy-Ann 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnlike England and Wales, Ireland has not yet moved from the traditional common law rejection of prenuptial agreements. Nevertheless, similar policy concerns continue to be debated in both jurisdictions, particularly regarding the balance between autonomy and fairness concerns, and gender equity. In 2007, an Irish ministerial Study Group recommended limited recognition of prenuptial agreements, foreshadowing similar proposals by the Law Commission for England and Wales in 2014. However, the Irish recommendations were never implemented, despite sustained lobbying. This paper draws on relational theory to scrutinise the Study Group's proposals, identifying its core assumptions and their implications. The paper contends that Irish courts dealing with spousal agreements have tacitly accepted liberal conceptualisations of autonomy, which may lead to injustice. Furthermore, the Study Group's recommendations have been overtaken by events. Recent decisions on spousal agreements emphasise respect for party autonomy, without interrogating what this means. This could be problematic if applied to prenuptial agreements. Accordingly, the paper suggests modifications to the Study Group's proposals, to address relational concerns. In this regard, the paper speaks to the broader debate on family autonomy, and draws on comparative perspectives, including the recommendations of the Law Commission for England and Wales, and the Canadian experience.
A civic republican analysis of mental capacity law
Authors: O'Shea Tom 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper draws upon the civic republican tradition to offer new conceptual resources for the normative assessment of mental capacity law. The republican conception of liberty as non-domination is used to identify ways in which such laws generate arbitrary power that can underpin relationships of servility and insecurity. It also shows how non-domination provides a basis for critiquing legal tests of decision making that rely upon ‘diagnostic’ rather than ‘functional’ criteria. In response, two main civic republican strategies are recommended for securing freedom in the context of the legal regulation of psychological disability: self-authorisation techniques and participatory shaping of power. The result is a series of proposals for the reform of decisional capacity law, including a transition towards purely functional assessment of decisional capacity, surer legal footing for advanced care planning, and greater control over the design and administration of decision making capacity laws by those with psychological disabilities.
Loess in the mid-Atlantic region, USA
Authors: Wah John S. , Wagner Daniel P. , Lowery Darrin L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLoess is common in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States south of the Late Wisconsinan glacial border particularly along rivers draining the glaciated areas of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. The broadest deposits occur on the flat landscapes of the Delmarva Peninsula in Maryland where two episodes of deposition have been identified. The earlier Miles Point Loess has a limited distribution and is buried by the more widespread Paw Paw Loess. OSL and 14C dates place deposition of the Miles Point Loess during MIS 3. The well developed paleosol formed in the Miles Point Loess acts as a stratigraphic marker. The Paw Paw Loess buries Clovis age cultural materials which date deposition to the end of the Pleistocene. Loess deposits and paleosols are critical in understanding regional landscape evolution, Late Pleistocene environments, and early North American cultural history. Mapping the extent of loess in the Mid-Atlantic using the Natural Resources Conservation Service’s gSSURGO database overrepresents loess in some areas and underrepresents in others.
COFFEA CANEPHORA CLONES WITH MULTIPLE RESISTANCE TO MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA AND M. PARANAENSIS
Authors: FATOBENE BÁRBHARA J. R. , ANDRADE VINICIUS T. , GONÇALVES WALLACE , GUERREIRO FILHO OLIVEIRO 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYRoot-knot nematodes represent a serious threat to world coffee production, especially Meloidogyne incognita and M. paranaensis. Most cultivars of Coffea arabica are highly susceptible to these parasites and cultivation in infested areas has only been possible with the use of resistant C. canephora rootstocks. In this research, three elite clones of C. canephora, selected in areas infested by M. incognita and M. paranaensis, were evaluated in controlled conditions to assess levels of resistance against two populations of M. paranaensis, four populations of M. incognita and a mixed population of both species. The three clones were resistant to both species, but CcK1 and CcR2 were considered most promising because their vegetative growth was not impaired by nematodes.
Nd and Pb isotope mapping of crustal domains within the Makkovik Province, Labrador
Authors: MOUMBLOW R. M. , ARCURI G. A. , DICKIN A. P. , GOWER C. F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Makkovik Province of eastern Labrador represents part of an accretionary orogen active during an early stage in the development of the Palaeoproterozoic southern Laurentian continental margin. New Nd isotope data for the eastern Makkovik Province suggest that accreted juvenile Makkovik crust was generated in the Cape Harrison domain during a single crust-forming event at c. 2.0 Ga. Pb isotope data support this model, and show a strong similarity to radiogenic crustal signatures in the juvenile Palaeoproterozoic crust of the Ketilidian mobile belt of southern Greenland. As previously proposed, an arc accretion event at c. 1.9 Ga triggered subduction-zone reversal and the development of an ensialic arc on the composite margin. After the subduction flip, a temporary release of compressive stress at c. 1.87 Ga led to the development of a retro-arc foreland basin on the downloaded Archean continental edge, forming the Aillik Group. Unlike previous models, a second arc is not envisaged. Instead, a compressive regime at c. 1.82 Ga is attributed to continued ensialic arc plutonism on the existing margin. The tectonic model for the Makkovikian orogeny proposed here is similar to that for the Ketilidian orogeny. Major- and trace-element analyses suggest that much of the magmatism in the Makkovik orogen results from post-accretionary ensialic arc activity, and that few vestiges remain of the original accreted volcanic arc. This pattern of arc accretion and intense post-accretion reworking is common to many accretionary orogens, such as the South American Andes and North American Cordillera.
“The Dust Was Long in Settling”: Human Capital and the Lasting Impact of the American Dust Bowl
Authors: Arthi Vellore 
Published: April 2018

I find that childhood exposure to the Dust Bowl, an environmental shock to health and income, adversely impacted later-life human capital—especially when exposure wasin utero—increasing poverty and disability rates, and decreasing fertility and college completion rates. The event's devastation of agriculture, however, had the beneficial effect of increasing high school completion, likely by pushing children who otherwise might have worked on the farm into secondary schooling. Lastly, New Deal spending helped remediate Dust Bowl damage, suggesting that timely and substantial policy interventions can aid in human recovery from natural disasters.
Some Corner of a Chinese Field: The politics of remembering foreign veterans of the Taiping civil war
Authors: CHAPPELL JONATHAN 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe memory of the foreign involvement in the Taiping war lasted long after the fall of the Taiping capital at Nanjing in 1864. The events were commemorated by various actors, Chinese and foreign, from the end of the war until the end of the treaty-port century in 1943 when the right to extraterritoriality was abrogated. This article explores the commemorations of the foreign role through three media: the issuing of medals to foreign fighters, the building of memorials to the foreign dead, and the writing of histories of the events. Across these media, different interest groups used the foreign interventions as a proxy for continuing debates about the role of foreigners in China and about China's place in the world. More broadly, the commemorations of the role of foreign fighters in the Taiping war is a case study in the transnational politics of memory. The memories of the war were contested or commemorated not just by states, but also by individuals and groups whose views often diverged from those of their government. By tracing how memories of the war were remembered and forgotten, we can trace the insecurities of different interest groups over time and their perceived power relative to each other.
What does agency afford the self?
Authors: Franks Bradley , Voyer Benjamin G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe welcome Doris's dual systems, social account of agency and self. However, we suggest that a level of affordances regarding agency is interpolated between those dual systems. We also suggest a need to consider joint (“we”) agency in addition to individual (“I”) agency, and we suggest a more fundamental role for culture in configuring both the values entering the dialogue that generates the sense of agency and self, and the nature of the dialogue itself.
A related proposal: An interactionist perspective on reason
Authors: Mercier Hugo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis comment introduces the interactionist perspective on reason that Dan Sperber and I developed. In this perspective, reason is a specific cognitive mechanism that evolved so that humans can exchange justifications and arguments with each other. The interactionist perspective significantly aligns with Doris's views in rejecting reflectivism and individualism. Indeed, I suggest that it offers different, and maybe stronger arguments to reject these views.