bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural insect hybridization and implications for pest management
Authors: Corrêa Alberto S , Cordeiro Erick MG , Omoto Celso 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBiological invasions, the expansion of agricultural frontiers, and climate change favor encounters of divergent lineages of animals and plants, increasing the likelihood of hybridization. However, hybridization of insect species and its consequences for agroecosystems have not received sufficient attention. Gene exchange between distinct and distant genetic pools can improve the survival and reproduction of insect pests, and threaten beneficial insects in disturbed agricultural environments. Hybridization may be the underlying explanation for the recurrent pest outbreaks and control failures in putative hybrid zones, as suspected for bollworm, corn borer, whiteflies, and stink bugs. Reliable predictions of the types of changes that can be expected in pest insect genomes and fitness, and of their impacts on the fate of species and populations remain elusive. Typical steps in pest management, such as insect identification, pest monitoring, and control are likely affected by gene flow and adaptive introgression mediated by hybridization, and we do not have ways to respond to or mitigate the problem. To address the adverse effects of farming intensification and global trade, we must ensure that current integrated pest management programs incorporate up‐to‐date monitoring and diagnostic tools. The rapid identification of hybrids, quantification of levels of introgression, and in‐depth knowledge of what genes have been transferred may help to explain and predict insect population outbreaks and control failures in the future. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Nation‐dyadic history and cross‐border corporate deals: Role of conflict, trade, generational distance, and professional education
Authors: Arikan Ilgaz , Arikan Asli M. , Shenkar Oded 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Research SummaryThis paper explores why and how nation‐dyadic history impacts aggregated firm decisions involving cross‐border activities (acquisitions, joint ventures, and alliances). We contextualize history and illustrate the negative effect of historical conflict on cross‐border deals. Nation‐dyads with historical conflict incorporate negative sentiments into their social and collective memories and national identities. Members of society assume the socially constructed national identity via primary and secondary socialization. National identities incorporate sentiments towards other nations and condition individuals' preferences, culminating in a preference‐biased search for or preference‐supporting evaluation of information concerning cross‐border deals. An increased generational distance from prior conflict and a higher percentage of graduates with common professional identities constructed by higher education in the social sciences, law, and business dampen the negative influence of historical conflict.
Managerial SummaryThere is a reciprocal relationship between international trade and conflict across two nations: as the potential for conflict increases, trade levels fall, and as trade levels increase, the potential for conflict rises. We disentangle this relationship and determine the implications of historical conflict between two nations for cross‐border corporate deals (i.e., acquisitions/joint ventures/alliances). We show that, controlling for other factors, more frequent historical conflict discourages cross‐border corporate deals. We see this finding as a result of biased decision making based on preferences which reflect sentiments formed by national identities. Two mechanisms dampen the negative relationship between binational conflict and cross‐border deals: a higher percentage of business/law/social sciences graduates and a higher number of generations passed since the last conflict.
Centers of gravity: The effect of stable shared leadership in top management teams on firm growth and industry evolution
Authors: Agarwal Rajshree , Braguinsky Serguey , Ohyama Atsushi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryWe study the processes of firm growth in the evolution of the Japanese cotton spinning industry during 1883–1914 by integrating strategy and historical approaches and utilizing rich quantitative firm‐level data and detailed business histories. The resultant conceptual model highlights growth outcomes of path dependencies as firms evolve across periods of single versus shared leadership, establish stability in shared leadership, or experience repeated discord‐induced top management team (TMT) leader departures. While most firms do not experience smooth transitions to stable shared TMT leadership, a focus on value creation, in conjunction with talent recruitment and promotion, enabled some firms to achieve stable shared leadership despite discord‐induced departures, engage in long‐term expansion, and emerge as “centers of gravity” for output and talent in the industry.Managerial SummaryWe demonstrate stable shared leadership is at root of firms who emerge as centers of gravity in an industry and account for the lion's share of output. Stable shared leadership enables growth strategies such as talent recruitment, product diversification, downstream integration, and acquisitions. Stable shared leadership, however, is extremely difficult to maintain. Most firms experience discord‐induced departures in TMTs due to politics and power struggles. Firms that deviate from this norm to become industry leaders achieve stable shared leadership by adhering to fundamental principles related to long‐term value creation as opposed to short‐term gain, adoption of merit‐based promotion systems in defiance of stereotypes, sharing of power within TMT leadership to enable efficient division of labor, and honorable resolution of conflicts and ethical breaches.
Beyond tokenism: How strategic leaders influence more meaningful gender diversity on boards of directors
Authors: Guldiken Orhun , Mallon Mark R. , Fainshmidt Stav , Judge William Q. , Clark Cynthia E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryWe employ an exploratory approach to understand what differentiates boards that retain limited, potentially tokenistic, gender diversity (i.e., a single female director), and boards that more genuinely diversify their composition by appointing additional female directors. Previous studies have speculated that strategic leaders responsible for board appointments may influence this occurrence. Using longitudinal data on U.S. firms, we find that more female top managers and having the sole female director serve on the nominating committee increase the likelihood of additional female director appointments. Boards and nominating committees with younger members amplify these effects, respectively. We use interviews with board members and professional corporate governance consultants to discuss the probable causal mechanisms that underpin these relationships, highlighting novel theoretical insights related to gatekeeping and social psychology.Managerial SummaryWe explore what compels firms to appoint additional female directors after the first one, as only one female director could be considered a token. Using data on U.S. firms, we find that more female top managers and having the sole female director serve on the nominating committee make firms more likely to appoint additional female directors. These likelihoods are highest when younger directors make up the board at large and/or nominating committee. Chief executive officers can be change agents for gender diversity in their organizations by hiring female top managers and pushing for better representation of women on boards. Likewise, younger directors appear to enhance board gender diversity. These findings can inform the director selection process.
Infrared Vibrational Spectroscopy of Functionalized Atomic Force Microscope Probes using Resonantly Enhanced Infrared Photoexpansion Nanospectroscopy
Authors: Jin Mingzhou , Belkin Mikhail A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReported is the measurement of infrared absorption spectra of 4‐nitrothiophenol and hydroxyl‐terminated hexa(ethylene glycol) molecules at apices of functionalized atomic force microscope (AFM) probes using resonantly enhanced infrared photoexpansion nanospectroscopy, also known as resonantly enhanced AFM‐IR technique. The experiment demonstrates the applicability of the AFM‐IR technique to perform spectroscopy of only a few tens of molecules on AFM tip apices and demonstrates the potential of the AFM‐IR technique to perform vibrational spectroscopic studies of chemical reactions and molecular conformational changes on the apices of functionalized AFM tips.
An evaluation of pure spectrum‐based fault localization techniques for large‐scale software systems
Authors: Heiden Simon , Grunske Lars , Kehrer Timo , Keller Fabian , van Hoorn Andre , Filieri Antonio , Lo David 
Published: May 2019

SummaryPure spectrum‐based fault localization (SBFL) is a well‐studied statistical debugging technique that only takes a set of test cases (some failing and some passing) and their code coverage as input and produces a ranked list of suspicious program elements to help the developer identify the location of a bug that causes a failed test case. Studies show that pure SBFL techniques produce good ranked lists for small programs. However, our previous study based on the iBugs benchmark that uses the AspectJ repository shows that, for realistic programs, the accuracy of the ranked list is not suitable for human developers. In this paper, we confirm this based on a combined empirical evaluation with the iBugs and the Defects4J benchmark. Our experiments show that, on average, at most ∼40%, ∼80%, and ∼90% of the bugs can be localized reliably within the first 10, 100, and 1000 ranked lines, respectively, in the Defects4J benchmark. To reliably localize 90% of the bugs with the best performing SBFL metric D∗, ∼450 lines have to be inspected by the developer. For human developers, this remains unsuitable, although the results improve compared with the results for the AspectJ benchmark. Based on this study, we can clearly see the need to go beyond pure SBFL and take other information, such as information from the bug report or from version history of the code lines, into consideration.
Risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling: systematic review of literature and updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Salomon L. J. , Sotiriadis A. , Wulff C. B. , Odibo A. , Akolekar R. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo estimate the procedure‐related risk of miscarriage after amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) based on a systematic review of the literature and an updated meta‐analysis.MethodsA search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library was carried out to identify studies reporting complications following CVS or amniocentesis. Eligible for inclusion were large controlled studies reporting data for pregnancy loss prior to 24 weeks' gestation. Study authors were contacted when required to identify additional necessary data. Data for cases that had an invasive procedure and controls were inputted into contingency tables and the risk of miscarriage was estimated for each study. Summary statistics based on a random‐effects model were calculated after taking into account the weighting for each study included in the systematic review. Procedure‐related risk of miscarriage was estimated as a weighted risk difference from the summary statistics for cases and controls. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the similarity in risk levels for chromosomal abnormality between the invasive‐testing and control groups. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Egger's bias was estimated to assess reporting bias in published studies.ResultsThe electronic search yielded 2943 potential citations, from which 12 controlled studies for amniocentesis and seven for CVS were selected for inclusion in the systematic review. A total of 580 miscarriages occurred following 63 723 amniocentesis procedures, resulting in a weighted risk of pregnancy loss of 0.91% (95% CI, 0.73–1.09%). In the control group, there were 1726 miscarriages in 330 469 pregnancies with a loss rate of 0.58% (95% CI, 0.47–0.70%). The weighted procedure‐related risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis was 0.30% (95% CI, 0.11–0.49%; I2 = 70.1%). A total of 163 miscarriages occurred following 13 011 CVS procedures, resulting in a risk of pregnancy loss of 1.39% (95% CI, 0.76–2.02%). In the control group, there were 1946 miscarriages in 232 680 pregnancies with a loss rate of 1.23% (95% CI, 0.86–1.59%). The weighted procedure‐related risk of miscarriage following CVS was 0.20% (95% CI, −0.13 to 0.52%; I2 = 52.7%). However, when studies including only women with similar risk profiles for chromosomal abnormality in the intervention and control groups were considered, the procedure‐related risk for amniocentesis was 0.12% (95% CI, −0.05 to 0.30%; I2 = 44.1%) and for CVS it was −0.11% (95% CI, −0.29 to 0.08%; I2 = 0%).ConclusionsThe procedure‐related risks of miscarriage following amniocentesis and CVS are lower than currently quoted to women. The risk appears to be negligible when these interventions were compared to control groups of the same risk profile. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Quantum consistency in supersymmetric theories with R-symmetry in curved space
Authors: An Ok Song , Kang Jin U. , Kim Jong Chol , Ko Yong Hae 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe discuss consistency at the quantum level in the rigid$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 supersymmetric field theories with a U(1)Rsymmetry in four-dimensional curved space which are formulated via coupling to the new-minimal supergravity background fields. By analyzing correlation functions of the current operators in the$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{R}} $$ℛ-multiplet, we show that the quantum consistency with the (unbroken) supersymmetry requires the U(1)Ranomaly coefficient, which depends only on the field content of the theory, to vanish. This consistency condition is obtained under the assumption that the supercurrent Ward identity is non-anomalous and that the vacuum is supersymmetric.
Fast radio
bursts
Authors: Petroff E. , Hessels J. W. T. , Lorimer D. R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe discovery of radio pulsars over a half century ago
was a seminal moment in astronomy. It demonstrated the existence of
neutron stars, gave a powerful observational tool to study them, and
has allowed us to probe strong gravity, dense matter, and the
interstellar medium. More recently, pulsar surveys have led to the
serendipitous discovery of fast radio bursts (FRBs). While FRBs
appear similar to the individual pulses from pulsars, their large
dispersive delays suggest that they originate from far outside the
Milky Way and hence are many orders-of-magnitude more luminous.
While most FRBs appear to be one-off, perhaps cataclysmic events,
two sources are now known to repeat and thus clearly have a longer
lived central engine. Beyond understanding how they are created,
there is also the prospect of using FRBs—as with pulsars—to probe
the extremes of the Universe as well as the otherwise invisible
intervening medium. Such studies will be aided by the high-implied
all-sky event rate: there is a detectable FRB roughly once every
minute occurring somewhere on the sky. The fact that less than a
hundred FRB sources have been discovered in the last decade is
largely due to the small fields-of-view of current radio telescopes.
A new generation of wide-field instruments is now coming online,
however, and these will be capable of detecting multiple FRBs per
day. We are thus on the brink of further breakthroughs in the
short-duration radio transient phase space, which will be critical
for differentiating between the many proposed theories for the
origin of FRBs. In this review, we give an observational and
theoretical introduction at a level that is accessible to
astronomers entering the field.
A global perspective on the challenges and opportunities in learning about rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Al Maini Mustafa , Al Weshahi Yousef , Foster Helen E. , Chehade Mellick J. , Gabriel Sherine E. , Saleh Jamal Al , Al Wahshi Humaid , Bijlsma Johannes W. J. , Cutolo Maurizio , Lakhanpal Sharad , Venkatramana Manda , Pineda Carlos , Woolf Anthony D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) encompass a spectrum of degenerative, inflammatory conditions predominantly affecting the joints. They are a leading cause of disability worldwide and an enormous socioeconomic burden. However, worldwide deficiencies in adult and paediatric RMD knowledge among medical school graduates and primary care physicians (PCPs) persist. In October 2017, the World Forum on Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (WFRMD), an international think tank of RMD and related experts, met to discuss key challenges and opportunities in undergraduate RMD education. Topics included needs analysis, curriculum content, interprofessional education, teaching and learning methods, implementation, assessment and course evaluation and professional formation/career development, which formed a framework for this white paper. We highlight a need for all medical graduates to attain a basic level of RMD knowledge and competency to enable them to confidently diagnose, treat/manage or refer patients. The importance of attracting more medical students to a career in rheumatology, and the indisputable value of integrated, multidisciplinary and multiprofessional care are also discussed. We conclude that RMD teaching for the future will need to address what is being taught, but also where, why and to whom, to ensure that healthcare providers deliver the best patient care possible in their local setting.
The role of methane in future climate strategies: mitigation potentials and climate impacts
Authors: Harmsen Mathijs , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Bodirsky Benjamin Leon , Chateau Jean , Durand-Lasserve Olivier , Drouet Laurent , Fricko Oliver , Fujimori Shinichiro , Gernaat David E. H. J. , Hanaoka Tatsuya , Hilaire Jérôme , Keramidas Kimon , Luderer Gunnar , Moura Maria Cecilia P. , Sano Fuminori , Smith Steven J. , Wada Kenichi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study examines model-specific assumptions and projections of methane (CH4) emissions in deep mitigation scenarios generated by integrated assessment models (IAMs). For this, scenarios of nine models are compared in terms of sectoral and regional CH4emission reduction strategies, as well as resulting climate impacts. The models’ projected reduction potentials are compared to sector and technology-specific reduction potentials found in literature. Significant cost-effective and non-climate policy related reductions are projected in the reference case (10–36% compared to a “frozen emission factor” scenario in 2100). Still, compared to 2010, CH4emissions are expected to rise steadily by 9–72% (up to 412 to 654 Mt CH4/year). Ambitious CO2reduction measures could by themselves lead to a reduction of CH4emissions due to a reduction of fossil fuels (22–48% compared to the reference case in 2100). However, direct CH4mitigation is crucial and more effective in bringing down CH4(50–74% compared to the reference case). Given the limited reduction potential, agriculture CH4emissions are projected to constitute an increasingly larger share of total anthropogenic CH4emissions in mitigation scenarios. Enteric fermentation in ruminants is in that respect by far the largest mitigation bottleneck later in the century with a projected 40–78% of total remaining CH4emissions in 2100 in a strong (2 °C) climate policy case.
Phase I study of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitor navoximod (GDC-0919) as monotherapy and in combination with the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumours
Authors: Ebata Takahiro , Shimizu Toshio , Fujiwara Yutaka , Tamura Kenji , Kondo Shunsuke , Iwasa Satoru , Yonemori Kan , Shimomura Akihiko , Kitano Shigehisa , Koyama Takafumi , Sato Natsuko , Nakai Kiyohiko , Inatani Michiyasu , Yamamoto Noboru 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Navoximod (GDC-0919) is a small molecule inhibitor of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1. This study investigated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of navoximod alone and in combination with atezolizumab in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumours. This was a phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study. Patients received monotherapy with navoximod 400 mg, 600 mg or 1000 mg orally twice daily (BID) in Stage 1 and navoximod 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg or 1000 mg orally BID plus atezolizumab 1200 mg intravenously every 21 days in Stage 2. Objectives included safety, tolerability, efficacy and pharmacokinetic outcomes.Overall, 20 patients were enrolled (Stage 1: n = 10; Stage 2: n = 10). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. In Stage 1, treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade that occurred in ≥20% of patients were chromaturia (50%) and maculopapular rash (20%). Grade ≥ 3 TRAEs were reported in two patients (20%; maculopapular rash and lipase increased). In Stage 2, TRAEs that occurred in ≥30% of patients were chromaturia (60%) and, decreased appetite (40%). Grade ≥ 3 TRAEs were reported in three patients (30%; hyponatraemia, aspartate aminotransferase increased, alanine aminotransferase increased, lymphopaenia and neutropaenia). Stable disease was observed in five patients (50%) in Stage 1 and eight patients (80%) in Stage 2. Navoximod showed linear pharmacokinetics. The recommended dose of navoximod monotherapy was determined as 1000 mg orally BID, and could be considered 1000 mg orally BID in combination with atezolizumab. Navoximod as monotherapy and in combination with atezolizumab was well tolerated in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumours.
Entrectinib resistance mechanisms in ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ku Bo Mi , Bae Yeon Hee , Lee Kyoung Young , Sun Jong-Mu , Lee Se-Hoon , Ahn Jin Seok , Park Keunchil , Ahn Myung-Ju 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Entrectinib is a pan-tyrosine-kinase inhibitor that targets oncogenic rearrangements in NTRK, ROS1 and ALK. The combined results of two clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy of entrectinib in ROS1-rearranged NSCLC. Because the development of drug resistance is inevitable, it would be helpful to determine the mechanisms of entrectinib resistance in a ROS1-rearranged tumor model so that future therapeutic strategies can be developed. Here, we characterized the molecular basis of resistance in entrectinib-resistant ROS1-rearranged HCC78 cells (HCC78ER cells). These cells were analyzed by next-generation sequencing and genetic profiling, which revealed the acquisition of KRAS G12C and the amplification of KRAS and FGF3. However, there were no secondary mutations in the ROS1 kinase domain. We also found that sustained ERK activation was involved in entrectinib resistance, and that combined treatment with selumetinib resensitized HCC78ER cells to entrectinib in cell viability and colony formation assays. Our data suggest that activation of the RAS signaling pathway can cause entrectinib resistance in ROS1-rearranged NSCLC, and is unlikely to be overcome by sequential single agent ROS1-targeting strategies against such tumors. Instead, co-targeting ROS1 and MEK may be an effective strategy for overcoming entrectinib resistance in ROS1-rearranged NSCLC.