bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of UAVs and FANETs in Disaster Management: A Review on Applications, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Abbas Sohail , Abu Talib Manar , Ahmed Ibtihal , Belal Omar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRapid growth and technological improvement in wireless communication, driven by engineers from various disciplines, have reached significant milestones. Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAVs) and flying ad hoc networks (FANET) have undergone one of the biggest innovations. UAVs have drawn a lot of attention from research institutions. They are increasingly employed in various application fields, such as real‐time monitoring, precision farming, wireless coverage, military surveillance, climate monitoring, disaster surveillance, and monitoring and rescue operations. The primary characteristics of disasters are their unpredictability and the scarcity of resources in the affected areas. To reduce the loss of lives and livelihoods, disaster management has received much attention. Numerous methodologies and technologies have been developed to predict and handle disasters. UAVs are increasingly being used in disaster management. Additionally, artificial intelligence and collaborative machine learning techniques are gaining prominence among researchers, who are investigating the possibility of their use in disaster management tasks to better cope with the severe and frequently devastating effects of natural catastrophes. This paper provides a review of the relevant FANET research activities in disaster management and emerging artificial intelligence techniques, along with several observations and research challenges. The papers are categorized based on the disaster scenario‐related problems and their proposed solutions. FANET problems are receiving less attention from the research community, and the main challenges with FANETs are also highlighted. Finally, significant insights are presented that can aid in improving research related to the application of FANETs in disaster management.
Wildfire and Its Impact on the Ecosystem in Guizhou Province
Authors: Liu Hua , Zhou Xuefei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn February 2024, a total of 221 recorded excess wildfires occurred throughout Guizhou Province. The atypical weather conditions attributed to climate change, seasonal drought during the non‐monsoon period, and human activities associated with the Spring Festival are identified as the primary factors contributing to this period of extensive wildfires. To facilitate a comprehensive assessment of the local ecosystem, analyses were conducted on precipitation, temperature, air quality index records, and water quality monitoring of downstream lakes and rivers. The early onset of the rainy season in April exacerbated soil erosion in Guizhou Province, where 81% of the terrain is mountainous. The repercussions of the excess wildfires on the downstream surface water ecosystem may persist for several months. The findings revealed significant differences in biomass accumulation and response times between rivers and lakes. A more thorough understanding of the impacts of wildfires on water and soil is essential for the formulation of effective recovery policies aimed at safeguarding downstream water resources.
A comprehensive review on the composition, processing methods, and sustainable utilization of tropical fruit seeds in food industry
Authors: Zhang Xuanyi , Liang Jun , Lin Xiaojun , Chen Junzhe , Luo Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe global consumption of tropical fruits has been increasing gradually, due to their high nutritional value and desirable sensory profile that can meet diverse consumer demands. In the fruit industry, the seeds of tropical fruits are often part of the by‐products that are commonly generated from the processing and manufacture of fresh whole fruits, ready‐to‐eat fruit salads, juices, concentrates, and dried fruit products. Currently, most of the fruit seed by‐products are subject to direct disposal or recycle in the form of the ingredients for animal feed and agricultural fertilizer. However, considering they are still rich in nutritional and bioactive components, tropical fruit seeds are hidden jewelry that can be more extensively utilized in the food industry, such as in food processing, food preservation, and the formulation of functional foods. In this review, the main components of different representative tropical fruit seeds are summarized, and the corresponding functions are elucidated. The methods on processing such fruit by‐products and the extraction of value‐adding substances from fruit seeds are compared. The potential application pathways in food industry are discussed accordingly, with further demonstration of current opportunities and main hurdles. This comprehensive review aims to capture the interests of food scientists, fruit manufacturers, and other stakeholders in the food supply chain, in order to explore the possibilities for reutilizing the functional components from tropical fruit by‐products in a broader spectrum.
Snow Depth Distribution in Canopy Gaps in Central Pyrenees
Authors: Rojas‐Heredia Francisco , Revuelto Jesús , Deschamps‐Berger César , Alonso‐González Esteban , Domínguez‐Aguilar Pablo , García Jorge , Pérez‐Cabello Fernando , López‐Moreno Juan Ignacio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis research analyses the snow depth distribution in canopy gaps across two plots in Central Pyrenees, to improve understanding of snow–forest and topography interactions. Snow depth maps, forest structure–canopy gap (FSCG) characteristics and topographic variables were generated by applying Structure from Motion algorithms (SfM) to images acquired from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Six flights were conducted under different snowpack conditions in 2021, 2022 and 2023. Firstly, the snow depth database was analysed in terms of the ratio between the radius of the canopy gap and the maximum height of the surrounding trees (r/h), in order to classify the gaps as small‐size, medium‐size, large‐size, or open areas at both sites independently. Then Kendall's correlation coefficients between the snow depth, FSCG and topographic variables were computed and a Random Forest (RF) model for each survey was implemented, to determine the influence of these variables in explaining snow depth patterns. The results demonstrate the consistency of the UAV SfM photogrammetry approach for measuring snowpack dynamics at fine scale in canopy gaps and open areas. At the northeast exposed Site 1, the larger the r/h observed, the greater was the snow depth obtained. This pattern was not evident at the southwest exposed Site 2, which presented high variability related to the survey dates and categories, highlighting the relevance of topography for determining optimum snow accumulation in forested areas. Slope systematically exhibited a negative and significant correlation with snow depth and was consistently the highest‐ranked variable for explaining snow distribution at both sites according to the RF models. Distance to the Canopy Edge also presented high influence, especially at Site 1. The findings suggest differences in the main drivers throughout each site and surveys of the topographic and FSCG variables are needed to understand snow depth distribution over heterogeneous mountain forest domains.
Microscopic Mechanism of Particle Clogging in Porous Media During Managed Aquifer Recharge: From X‐Ray Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging to Numerical Modelling
Authors: Xu Yang , Ye Xueyan , Du Xinqiang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTManaged aquifer recharge (MAR) is a strategy within water resources management. However, issues related to clogging have hindered its implementation. The change in permeability of the medium is significantly influenced not only by the macroscopic characteristics of infiltration sand, such as heterogeneity and anisotropy, but also by its microstructural features, including pore structure, morphology and connectivity. Nevertheless, the interactions between fluid flow, particle migration and changes in permeability remain unclear. This study investigates the pore‐scale response mechanisms between fluid flow and pore clogging using a non‐destructive x‐ray computed tomography approach. Our findings indicate that the decrease in permeability due to particle deposition occurs in stages, with particles preferentially accumulating in irregularly shaped pores. The changes in the permeability of the sand column exhibit a negative correlation with alterations in shape factor and tortuosity, while showing a positive correlation with the fractal dimension. As pores become clogged with particles, the increase in tortuosity leads to a longer flow path. Once the sharp edges of the irregular pores are filled with particles, the pore space becomes smoother and more uniform, and the fractal dimension of the pores gradually decreases with further clogging. Based on numerical modelling of particle movement and the clogging process in porous media, it was determined that pressure is greatest in clogged pores. When this pressure reaches a certain threshold, the particles that were previously trapped in the pores are flushed out, leading to uneven changes in normalised hydraulic conductivity and normalised concentration at the outlet. If the pressure is insufficient to dislodge the clogging particles, the water flow path is compelled to change, resulting in a gradual stabilisation of the clogging.
Development of Quantum Safe Polynomial‐Based Cryptography in Classical and Quantum Framework
Authors: Hasija Taniya , Ramkumar K. R. , Singh Bhupendra 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe advent of quantum computers has brought forth a substantial danger to the security of current cryptographic algorithms, necessitating the development of quantum‐resistant algorithms to ensure data protection. The encryption method proposed in this article uses polynomials and is intended to counter key size‐based attacks. This paper brings a novel method of using polynomial interpolations for encryption and decryption, and the proposed algorithm is implemented in both classical and quantum environments to check its feasibility and accuracy. To ensure protection from the outside world, the proposed technique is applied in key generation, encryption, decryption, and confusion‐diffusion modules. This article also tabulated the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) test suit results for randomness acceptability criteria and compares the new algorithm with the Kyber algorithm. While quantum computers are believed to excel in tasks like factorization and optimization, this paper is the first to explore cryptography algorithms in a quantum environment, opening new research possibilities for future cryptographic developments.
Nicotine and Vape: Drugs of the Same Profile Flock Together
Authors: Otenaike Titilayomi A. , Farodoye Oluwabukola M. , de Silva Monica M. , Loreto Julia S. , Adedara Adeola O. , dos Santos Matheus M. , de Prestes Alessandro S. , Barbosa Nilda V. , da Rocha João B. T. , Lobo Luiz E. , Wagner Roger , Abolaji Amos O. , Loreto Elgion L. S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSmoking, a major behavioral health burden, causes preventable and premature deaths globally. Nicotine, the addictive component present in tobacco products and Electronic cigarettes (E‐cigarettes, vape), can bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain to trigger a dopamine release that reinforces smoking. Despite the widespread usage of nicotine, its mechanisms of toxicity, particularly in e‐cigarettes, are poorly understood. Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism, this study aims to investigate the mechanism of the toxicity of nicotine and vape. Behavioral parameters, oxidative stress indicators, mRNA expression levels of Dopamine 1‐ receptor 1 (Dop1R1), Acetyl‐coenzyme A synthetase (AcCoAs), and apoptotic proteins were assessed in the flies after a 5‐day exposure to varying concentrations of nicotine (0.15, 0.25, and 0.35 mg/mL diet) and vape (0.06, 0.08, and 0.12 mg/mL diet). Furthermore, Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and Gas Chromatography‐Flame Ionization Detection (GC/FID) analyzes were conducted to gain more insight on the composition of the vape used in study. Findings indicate that both nicotine and vape exposure significantly reduced lifespan, impaired locomotor activity, and disrupted sleep patterns. Notably, nicotine exposure stimulated Dop1R1 transcription and altered Acetyl‐CoA gene expression, impacting the viability and behavior of the flies. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen biomarkers were observed, contributing to cellular damage through oxidative stress and apoptotic mechanisms mediated by the Reaper and DIAP1 proteins. Additionally, the composition analysis of vape liquid revealed the presence of propylene glycol, nicotine, methyl esters, and an unidentified compound. This study highlights the complex interplay between nicotine, gene expression, and physiological responses in Drosophila.
Improving facial expression recognition for autism with IDenseNet‐RCAformer under occlusions
Authors: Selvi S. , Parvathy M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe term ‘autism spectrum disorder’ describes a neurodevelopmental illness typified by verbal and nonverbal interaction impairments, repetitive behaviour patterns and poor social interaction. Understanding mental states from FEs is crucial for interpersonal interaction and social interaction. But when there are occlusions like glasses, facial hair or self‐occlusion, it becomes harder to identify facial expressions accurately. This research tackles the issue of identifying facial expressions when parts of the face are occluded and suggests an innovative technique to tackle this difficulty. Creating a strong framework for facial expression recognition (FER) that better handles occlusions and increases recognition accuracy is the goal of this research. Therefore, we propose novel Improved DenseNet‐based Residual Cross‐Attention Transformer (IDenseNet‐RCAformer) system to tackle the partial occlusion FER problem in autism patients. The recognition framework's efficacy is assessed using four datasets of facial expressions, and some preprocessing procedures are conducted to increase the expression recognition efficiency. After that, when recognizing expressions, a simple argmax function is applied to get a forecasted landmark position from a heatmap. Then feature extraction phase, local and global representation are captured from preprocessed images by adopting Inception‐ResNet‐V2 approach, Cross‐Attention Transformer, respectively. Moreover, both features are fused by employing the FusionNet method, thereby enhancing system's training speed and precision. After the features are extracted, an improved DenseNet mechanism is applied to efficiently recognize some variety of facial expressions in partially occluded autism patients. A number of performance metrics are determined and analysed to demonstrate the proposed approach's effectiveness, where the IDenseNet‐RCAformer performs best with an accuracy of 98.95%. According to the experimental findings, the proposed framework significantly outperforms the prior recognition frameworks in terms of recognition outcomes.
WES and Transcriptome Analysis Identifies FN1 as a Candidate Gene for Anterior Segment Dysgenesis
Authors: Lin Qinghong , Wang Xuejun , Han Xiaosong , Peng Xiaoliao , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ran Yuwen , Sun Ling , Wang Yan , Han Tian , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) disorders are phenotypically diverse and have multiple associated genes. This study reports on a Chinese family of three generations with ASD disorders and identifies several associated genes and pathways of the disorders.MethodsThe history of illnesses, clinical observations, and blood samples of all family members were collected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were conducted to detect the genetic variants between patients and control members in the family. Transcriptomic study and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) were subsequently performed to validate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and investigate the possible mechanisms of ASD caused by the variations.ResultsThe medical examination and illness history identified four members of the family diagnosed with ASD (III:3, II:3, II:2 and I:2). All four patients suffered various degrees of corneal opacity with abnormally thin cornea. Members II:3, II:2, and I:2 also had cataracts and iris hypoplasia and received an intraocular lens implant before the age of 20. We detected a heterozygous missense variation c.6122G > A (p.R2041Q and rs746145647) in fibronectin1 (FN1) in the four patients in this family that was absent in the other healthy members. The transcriptome and RT‐PCR analysis revealed that the FN1 mRNA level was significantly upregulated in the blood samples of patients compared to healthy controls. A total of 909 DEGs were identified, including 607 upregulated genes and 302 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG annotation revealed that many DEGs were involved in biological processes closely related to focal adhesion, extracellular matrix‐receptor interaction, TGF‐β pathway, and the immune system.ConclusionThis study identified an FN1 mutation associated with ASD patients and probed potential pathways related to it.
A Closer Look at the Avian Influenza Virus H7N9: A Calm before the Storm?
Authors: Nakhaie Mohsen , Rukerd Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh , Shahpar Amirhossein , Pardeshenas Mohammad , Khoshnazar Seyedeh Mahdieh , Khazaeli Mana , Bashash Davood , Nezhad Nazanin Zeinali , Charostad Javad 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, which circulates in wild birds and poultry, has been a major concern for public health since it was first discovered in China in 2013 due to its demonstrated ability to infect humans, causing severe respiratory illness with high mortality rates. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a total of 1568 human infections with 616 fatal cases caused by novel H7N9 viruses have been reported in China from early 2013 to January 2024. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the virology, evolutionary patterns, and pandemic potential of H7N9. The H7N9 virus exhibits a complex reassortment history, receiving genes from H9N2 and other avian influenza viruses. The presence of certain molecular markers, such as mutations in the hemagglutinin and polymerase basic protein 2, enhances the virus's adaptability to human hosts. The virus activates innate immune responses through pattern recognition receptors, leading to cytokine production and inflammation. Clinical manifestations range from mild to severe, with complications including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiorgan failure. Diagnosis relies on molecular assays such as reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The increasing frequency of human infections, along with the virus's ability to bind to human receptors and cause severe disease, highlights its pandemic potential. Continued surveillance, vaccine development, and public health measures are crucial to limit the risk posed by H7N9. Understanding the virus's ecology, transmission dynamics, and pathogenesis is essential for developing effective prevention and control strategies.
Is Aspirin Safe for Thromboprophylaxis After Surgery for Lower Extremity Neoplastic Pathologic Fractures?
Authors: Chen Matthew S. , Gettleman Brandon S. , Liu Kevin C. , Richardson Mary K. , Talehakimi Arad , Heckmann Nathanael D. , Menendez Lawrence , Christ Alexander B. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesBoth malignancy and orthopedic surgery are known risk factors for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Therefore, this study aimed to compare VTE rates among patients receiving enoxaparin, apixaban, rivaroxaban, or aspirin (ASA).MethodsThe Premier Healthcare Database was utilized to identify all patients who underwent surgery for neoplastic pathologic fractures of the lower extremities from 2015 to 2021. Four cohorts based on receipt of ASA, apixaban, enoxaparin, or rivaroxaban were identified. Propensity matching with the enoxaparin cohort as the comparator was performed. Patient demographics, hospital factors, comorbidities, and 90‐day complications were compared.ResultsFrom 2015 to 2021, 3762 patients underwent surgical intervention for neoplastic pathologic fracture of the lower extremities. Enoxaparin recipients showed significantly lower aggregate VTE rates than those on apixaban (p = 0.008) while exhibiting higher VTE occurrence than ASA‐treated patients (p = 0.050).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that the administration of enoxaparin in patients undergoing surgical intervention for neoplastic pathologic fractures of the lower extremities may lead to significantly higher rates of aggregate VTE postoperatively compared to ASA. This data suggests that further research is warranted to determine if surgeons may safely consider using ASA in patients with no other reported risk factors or need for anticoagulation postoperatively, even in active malignancy.
Late Survival and Long‐Term Follow‐Up After Radical Resection of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma With Associated Venous Tumor Thrombus
Authors: Chao Calvin L. , Reddy Nidhi K. , Visa Maxime , Kundu Shilajit D. , Eskandari Mark K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesThis study evaluates the prognostic value of venous tumor thrombus (VTT) in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing radical resection and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy.MethodsRetrospective review of patients with radical nephrectomy for RCC and associated VTT (2000−2024). Patients were dichotomized into Neves 0−II (infrahepatic) and Neves III−IV groups (suprahepatic) IVC involvement for univariate analysis.ResultsA total of 64 patients (34 Neves 0−II and 30 Neves III−IV) were analyzed. No significant differences in patient or cancer characteristics. Neves III−IV was associated with greater blood loss (> 2 L) (62.1% vs. 37.9%, p = 0.02), greater intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) (4.4 vs. 1.4 days, p = 0.02), and postoperative LOS (11.0 vs. 6.5 days, p = 0.005). Overall, 30‐day mortality was only 1.6% with a mean follow‐up of 56.1 months. Local recurrence was 7.8% and IVC patency 96.9%. One‐year survival was 82.0%, 5‐year survival was 58.4%, and 15‐year survival was 42.5% without significant difference between Neves levels.ConclusionsRadical nephrectomy with VTT thrombectomy and primary IVC repair is safe with high early survival and low local recurrence. Extent of IVC tumor thrombus extension is not a poor prognostic factor for early or late survival.