bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations on Fe59 Labeled Bone Marrow Ferritin
Authors: GABUZDA THOMAS C. , GARDNER FRANK H. , Council Anne 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Qualitative studies were carried out to determine the nature of the nonhemoglobin protein or proteins of human bone marrow which incorporate radioiron during in vitro incubations of this tissue. The labeled fraction was studied chiefly by following the behavior of the radioactive iron and comparing it with ferritin isolated from human spleen. Two types of labeled ferritin were identified in the nonhemoglobin fraction. One, a "fast" ferritin, was of greater electrophoretic mobility than spleen ferritin in starch granules and appeared possibly to be the chief incorporator of transferrin-bound iron. The second, or "slow" ferritin, was identical in electrophoretic mobility with spleen ferritin and contained only a tiny percentage of the radioiron incorporated into "fast" ferritin. No other iron-labeled nonhemoglobin components were observed, although their possible presence cannot be discounted.
Electron Microscopic Study of Human Basophils
Authors: ZUCKER-FRANKLIN DOROTHEA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Electron microscope studies were carried out on human basophils obtained from peripheral blood and thoracic duct lymph. Delineation of the cells in thick sections was facilitated by staining with Toluidine Blue, which imparted the characteristic purple-red color to the granules. The cytoplasm contains many of the organelles seen in other cells, including a small Golgi apparatus, centrioles, mitochondria, fibrils and microtubules. Ribosomes and rough ER are rarely encountered. Basophil granules are surrounded by a unit membrane and contain particles which are uniform in size within the same granule but which vary in size in different granules within the same cell. Some granules reveal a homogeneous texture and/or "myelin" figures. The appearance of most basophil granules differs from the ultrastructure of human mast cell granules reported to date. It is suggested that the difference in fine structure may reflect a difference in the chemical constituents of the granules.
The Effect of Diisopropylfluorophosphonate (DFP) on Platelet Survival in the Rabbit
Authors: CHANG YI-HAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Diisopropylfluorophosphonate was found to influence platelet survival. The possible mechansims of action and the importance of standardizing the amount of DFP32 administered in platelet survival experiments are discussed.
Brief Report: Erythrocyte Enzymes in Polycythemia Vera
Authors: BARTOS HENRY R. , DESFORGES JANE F. , Samanvicius Dalia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Erythrocyte glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (EGOT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), and hexokinase were found to be increased in patients with polycythemia vera. This suggests the presence of a population of erythrocytes younger than normal in these patients. The pathogenesis of this phenomonon is unclear but several possible mechanisms are suggested.
STUDIES ON BONE MARROW IN VITRO
Authors: ROSIN A. , RACHMILEWITZ M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of various oxygen tensions on explanted bone marrow fragments was studied. It was found that gas mixtures containing 1, 3, 5, 10 and 12 per cent oxygen have an injurious effect on hemic cells. Bone marrow maintained in these gas mixtures showed various degrees of degeneration, which was the more pronounced the lower the oxygen tension. Mitotic activity was also found to be reduced under the influence of low oxygen tension.
Bone marrow cultures maintained in a gas mixture containing 15 per cent oxygen did not show appreciable changes and were similar to the controls.
Increased rate of maturation and multiplication occurred in bone marrow cultures maintained in an excess of oxygen, i.e. 50 per cent.
The significance of these findings in the light of observations on the effect of anoxia in vivo has been discussed, and reported findings on the effect of low oxygen tensions on other tissues in vitro have been briefly reviewed.
Tissue Distribution of Radio-B12 after Intravenous Injection of Gastric Juice, Saliva and Plasma-Bound Co57 B12
Authors: ROSENTHAL WILLIAM S. , WEISBERG HERBERT , GLASS GEORGE B. JERZY 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Co57B12 bound to pernicious anemia gastric juice was administered intravenously to 4 normal individuals, and Co57B12 bound to autologous plasma was administered to 2 of these. Hepatic, arm and blood radioactivity were measured for one week and compared with that following the intravenous injection of unbound Co57B12. Pernicious anemia gastric juice increased hepatic uptake, delayed blood clearance and decreased arm uptake of Co57B12 as compared with Co57B12 injected unbound or bound to plasma. Thus, the B12 bound to gastric juice is retained longer in the intravascular space with greater uptake by liver.
These results suggest that gastric juice B12 binders, but not plasma B12 binders, enhance hepatic B12 uptake either by acting at specific receptor sites on the liver cell membrane or by retaining B12 longer in circulation. This property of gastric juice B12 binders is not related to IF activity but is rather dependent upon some structural or functional feature common to both IF-related and nonrelated B12 binders of gastric juice.
Carbonic Anhydrase and Fetal Hemoglobin in Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: ENG LIE-INJO LUAN , HOLLANDER L. , FUDENBERG H. HUGH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An adult patient with thyrotoxicosis had erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase deficiency and an abnormally high level of fetal hemoglobin. After treatment of the hyperthyroidism, the erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase level became normal and the level of Hb F dropped. Twelve other patients with hyperthyroidism and not related to this index case were studied. Most of them were already under treatment. Nine had erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase deficiency; two had an increase of fetal hemoglobin. The possible relationship of increase of fetal hemoglobin, erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase deficiency and thyrotoxicosis is discussed.
Leukocyte Lysozyme Activity in Myelocytic Leukemia
Authors: NOBLE R. E. , FUDENBERG H. HUGH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Leukocyte and serum lysozyme activity was determined in nine patients with acute myeloblastic or chronic myelocytic leukemia and in 20 normal control subjects. Biochemical assay and quantitative estimation of leukocyte lysozyme activity in the patients demonstrated a parallel in general between the maturity of the granulocytes and their lysozyme content. Such determinations appear to provide a quantitative index of the extent of the leukemic process in the peripheral granulocytes and therefore should be of value as a guide to prognosis in these disorders.
Polycythemia Vera with Ph1 Chromosomes in Two Brothers
Authors: LEVIN WILLIAM C. , HOUSTON ELSIE W. , RITZMANN STEPHAN E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two brothers with polycythemia rubra vera have been studied: one before treatment and one after many years of treatment. Direct harvests of marrow aspirates from both patients exhibited the presence of the Ph1 chromosome. Moderately increased LAP levels were present in both. Available data do not indicate whether the disease and the chromosomal aberrations in these two brothers are familial or fortuitous.
The Chronology of the Mitotic Cycle of Human Granulocytopoietic Cells Phase Contrast Studies on Living Cells in Vitro
Authors: RONDANELLI E. G. , MAGLIULO E. , GIRALDI A. , CARCÒ F. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Data on the mitotic index of human granulocytopoietic cells are presented. From these and from the duration of mitosis directly measured in living cells by phase contrast microscope, the weighted average generation time and the mean compartment transit time are computed. Maturation in granulocytopoietic cells appears to induce a reduction of mitotic indices and mitotic rate and an increase in mitotic time and in mean compartment transit time. Part of the increment in mitotic duration may be due to the acquisition by a part of the granulocytopoietic cells of cytoplasmic peripheral motility or other specialized activities, thus distracting part of the energies destined to mitosis.
Experimental Hemostasis in Normal Dogs and Dogs with Congenital Disorders of Blood Coagulation
Authors: HOVIG T. , ROWSELL H. C. , DODDS W. J. , JØRGENSEN L. , MUSTARD J. F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hemostasis was examined after transection of vessels, 50-200 microns in diameter, both in normal dogs and in dogs with congenital defects of either factor VII, factor IX, or factor VIII. The formation of the hemostatic platelet plugs was observed by direct microscopy in vivo, and sections of the plugs were prepared for both light and electron microscopy 10 to 30 minutes after transection. Furthermore, the reaction of platelets from normal and abnormal dogs with adenosine diphosphate, collagen and thrombin was tested in vitro by a turbidimetric technic.
In normal and factor VII deficient dogs the initial arrest of bleeding took place about 3 minutes after transection, and rebleeding was infrequently observed. Their platelet plugs were composed of densely packed platelets, anchored to the vascular and perivascular tissue and surrounded by a cap of fibrin.
In factor IX deficient dogs there was no definite prolongation of the initial bleeding time, but rebleedings were frequent. In factor VIII deficient dogs the initial bleeding time was prolonged and the intensity of the bleeding had a wave-like characteristic. The plugs in the hemophilic dogs were larger than normal, were rich in channels, and had areas of loosely packed platelets and an incomplete fibrin cap.
Treatment of factor IX deficient dogs with Dicumarol did not further impair hemostatic plug formation in the doses used. Treatment of factor VII deficient dogs with heparin, or factor IX deficient dogs with phenylbutazone, prolonged the bleeding time markedly, delayed the building up of the plug, and gave fragile, loosely packed plugs. Treatment of normal dogs with phenylbutazone did not alter the hemostatic process at the dosage used.
In the in vitro studies, platelets from the dogs with congenital coagulation defects reacted normally with the aggregating stimuli.
It is concluded that the initial platelet interaction wih the vessel wall and surrounding tissue is not dependent upon blood coagulation. An intact intrinsic pathway of coagulation is necessary for the stabilization of the hemostatic plug after it is formed.
Some Effects of Artificial Media upon Glycolysis in Rat Platelets
Authors: ROSSI ENNIO C. , Volk Edith 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of artificial media upon glycolysis of rat platelets was studied. Isotonic saline did not support glycolytic activity in platelets because of its acid pH. Although buffering the media to pH 7.4 established platelet glycolysis, the choice of buffer affected the results. Tris buffer or 25 mM phosphate buffer did not alter glucose consumption, lactate production, or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration in platelets from that observed when platelets were incubated in plasma. However, use of 75 mM phosphate buffer produced significant increases in both glucose consumption and lactate production by platelets. A more marked effect was associated with imidazole which not only increased glucose consumption and lactate production but also accelerated the loss of platelet ATP.
BRIEF REPORT: Absence of Hemoglobin A in a Double Heterozygote for F-Thalassemia and Hemoglobin S
Authors: STAMATOYANNOPOULOS C. , SOFRONIADOU C. , AKRIVAKIS A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An adult with minor hematologic abnormalities and hemoglobin electrophoretic pattern characterized by large amounts of hemoglobins S and F together with absent hemoglobin A, was shown to be doubly heterozygous for F-thalassemia and hemoglobin S. Absence of Hb A in this double heterozygote provides further evidence that in F-thalassemia the suppression of the β-chains in cis position is complete.
BRIEF REPORT: Freeze-Cleaving of Red Cell Membranes in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: WEINSTEIN RONALD S. , WILLIAMS ROGER A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Electron microscopic studies on dried isolated red cell ghosts have been reported to show lesions associated with cell membranes in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). In this study, carbon-platinum replicas of membranes of freeze-cleaved, partially hydrated PNH red cells and isolated PNH cell ghosts failed to confirm the existence of these abnormalities. This suggests that the previously described lesions are the products of drying artifacts, although they may reflect hidden structural differences between PNH and normal red cell membranes.
Extracorporeal Irradiation of Blood (ECIB) in Man
Authors: SCHIFFER L. M. , ATKINS H. L. , CHANANA A. D. , CRONKITE E. P. , GREENBERG M. L. , STRYCKMANS P. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fourteen adults with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) received 16 courses of extracorporeal irradiation of the blood (ECIB). The median survival time of 8.0 months, taking into consideration many of the variable factors, was as good as, if not better than, studies previously reported despite the absence of hematologic remissions. This group of patients is small, however, and no definitive evaluation of ECIB treatment for AML can be made. Although no significant bone marrow changes were noted, there was a marked decrease in the peripheral leukemic cells of 75 per cent of the patients. There appears to be a correlation of increased survival time with a transit dose of ECIB over 340 rads. At the present time, the usefulness of this mode of treatment in the overall management of AML is uncertain, although it might be considered as an alternative form of therapy for patients in whom chemotherapy is contra-indicated and to prevent leukostasis. When used, the possibility of complications related to the shunt should always be borne in mind.
The Relationship of Plasma Fibrinogen (Factor I) Level to Fibrin Stabilizing Factor (Factor XIII) Activity
Authors: ALAMI SAMIH Y. , HAMPTON JAMES W. , RACE GEORGE J. , SPEER ROBERT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The relationship of fibrinogen concentration to Factor XIII activity in the plasmas of 110 subjects (90 patients and 20 healthy volunteers) was studied. No definite, consistent, predictable relationship could be established. However, in certain pathological conditions, with hyper- or hypofibrinogenemia, a moderate reduction in Factor XIII activity may be present, and usually occurs without hemorrhagic manifestations. On the other hand, examination of normal plasmas artificially enriched with large amounts of bovine fibrinogen revealed no changes in Factor XIII activity. In the light of these observations, the suggestion is made that reduced Factor XIII activity may be encountered in certain disease conditions without simultaneous changes in fibrinogen concentration. The site of synthesis of these two proteins, although most likely the liver, would appear to not influence their plasma concentrations simultaneously.
Red Cell Hypoplasia, Cold Hemoglobinuria and M-Type Gamma G Serum Paraprotein and Bence Jones Proteinuria in a Patient With Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Authors: PRASAD ANANDA S. , BERMAN LAWRENCE , TRANCHIDA LIBORIO , POULIK M. DAVE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper documents an unusual example of hypoplastic anemia, intermittent hemoglobinuria appearing in cold weather, and lymphoproliferative disease associated with hypogammaglobulinemia and repeated infections, followed by the appearance of a monoclonal gammopathy (IgG-Kappa) and Bence Jones proteinuria (Kappa), with tissue lesions more characteristic of macroglobulinemia than of multiple myeloma, in a middle-aged Negro.
Absolute Rates of Globin Chain Synthesis in Thalassemia
Authors: BANK ARTHUR , BRAVERMAN ALBERT S. , O’DONNELL JOYCE V. , MARKS PAUL A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The absolute rate of α chain synthesis per erythroid cell in the peripheral blood of patients with β thalassemia has been shown to be normal while that of β chains is markedly decreased or absent. The results indicate that α chains do not require the presence of β chains for their normal synthesis and release. In addition, γ chain synthesis does not compensate for the decreased β chain synthesis. A marked heterogeneity in the amount of β globin chains produced by different patients with β thalassemia is also prominent.
A Study of Erythropoiesis by Combined Morphologic, Quantitative Cytochemical and Autoradiographic Methods
Authors: WICKRAMASINGHE S. N. , COOPER E. H. , CHALMERS D. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The relationship between the morphology of human erythropoietic cells and their position in interphase has been studied. In normal bone marrow, pro-normoblasts, basophilic normoblasts and early polychromatic normoblasts were present in all stages of interphase. It has been shown that a significant increase in nuclear size occurs as a cell moves through its cell cycle, in both normal and megaloblastic erythropoiesis.
The relative distribution of the basophilic erythropoietic cells and the dividing polychromatic cells, in the various stages of interphase, has been determined in normal bone marrow, vitamin B12 deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.
In vitamin B12 deficiency, associated with moderate or severe anemia, there was an increased proportion of cells in G2, and there were several cells with DNA contents that were between the 2c and 4c values, which were not in DNA synthesis as judged by 3H-TdR labeling. These abnormalities were most pronounced in the dividing polychromatic cell group. Similar abnormalities were not present in iron deficiency anemia, indicating that these disturbances were not produced by the presence of anemia per se. The possible relationship between these changes in the cell cycle and the ineffective erythropoiesis seen in anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency has been discussed.
Appearance of Platelet-Clumping Substance after Acidification of Plasma
Authors: YAMAZAKI HIROH , MURASE HIROSHI , SHIMAMOTO TATSUO , SHIMAMOTO TAKIO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The pH values of heparinized plasma from ten normal rabbits were from 7.53 to 7.80. The average pH and standard error was 7.69 ± 0.03. These plasmas did not show platelet-clumping activity when exposed to the platelet-saline suspension from the same or other normal rabbits. The platelet-clumping substance was not observed in all ten cases after alkalinization of the plasma to pH values ranging from 8.32 to 9.40. On the contrary, immediately after acidification of the plasmas, the platelet-clumping substance appeared at pH values from 4.90 to 6.82 at room temperature. The range of the lower pH value, in which the platelet-clumping substance was observed, was 4.90-5.60 (5.15 ± 0.07 in average) and the upper range was 5.95-6.82 (6.27 ± 0.12 in average). The pH range at which the strongest clumping of platelets appeared was 5.22-5.95 (5.61 ± 0.07 in average). The platelet-clumping substance did not disappear after the pH of the acidified plasma was reneutralized to the original value.
2. No clumping was found after the addition of citrated, oxalated, EDTA-plasma or serum even when they were acidified. After the pH value of the citrated, oxalated or EDTA-plasma was changed from 4.85 ± 0.39 to 7.55 ± 0.03 and in the presence of calcium ions (10 mM.), platelet-clumping activity was observed. After the addition of citrate (0.38 percent in final concentration), oxalate (0.2 percent in final concentration), or EDTA (0.1 percent in final concentration) to the heparinized plasma the platelet-clumping substance did not disappear. In the case of serum, the platelet-clumping activity did not appear after the pH changes.
3. The platelet-clumping substance in the acidified plasma was heat-labile; it was detected after BaSO4-adsorption and defibrination; it was stable in storage at 4 C., and it was not dialyzable against Ringer’s solution for 72 hours. It induced platelet clumping not only in citrated platelet-rich plasma but also in the platelet-saline suspension.
4. The properties of the platelet-clumping substance in the acidified plasma were compared with that of substances known to have platelet-clumping activity and the experimental evidences showing the differences to ADP, thrombin, ADP-cofactor and thrombocyte agglutinating factors have been detailed.
Brief Report: The Catabolism of Heinz Bodies: An Experimental Model Demonstrating Conversion to Non-Bilirubin Catabolites
Authors: GOLDSTEIN GARY W. , HAMMAKER LYDIA , SCHMID RUDI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hemoglobin and solubilized Heinz bodies whose heme moiety had been labeled with C14, and C14-hemin were infused into rats with an external bile fistula. The fractional conversion of these heme pigments to bilirubin was estimated from the amount of C14-bilirubin excreted in the bile.
Whereas a major fraction of the native hemoglobin and intact hemin was converted to bilirubin, the heme moiety of the Heinz bodies was broken down to diazo- and benzidine-negative, water- and butanol-soluble metabolites which were excreted in the bile and, to a lesser extent, in the urine. These excretory products had the solubility and spectroscopic properties of mesobilifuscins, but their exact chemical configuration could not be determined.
The findings indicate that oxidative denaturation of hemoglobin is associated with structural alterations of the heme moiety that favor its catabolism by a pathway in which bilirubin is neither an intermediate nor an end product. The significance of this alternate metabolic pathway for the overall turnover of hemoglobin and other heme proteins is discussed.
On the Distribution of Red Cell Volumes
Authors: BULL BRIAN S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A large number of red cell volume distribution curves can be generated on the same sample of blood by manipulating the length of the Coulter Counter aperture and the shape of the red cell. Curves derived from sphered red cells flowing through an aperture 70 x 98µ long, or longer appear to be relatively free from artefacts and therefore the most likely to be "real."
The use of long apertures to size sphered red cells will give a volume distribution curve that is approximately Gaussian and with a mean that is large relative to the variance. Whether red cells are Gaussian or log normal in their volume distribution is very difficult to determine. On a particle population where volumes are controlled as closely as on red cells (i.e. with such a low variance), the normal and the log normal distributions become practically indistinguishable. If in the future this decision can be reached by some independent means, then the volume distributions using the Coulter volume transducer can be easily and simply fitted to the shape desired by appropriate manipulation of aperture length. These ideal volume distribution curves are not likely to differ markedly from those obtained under the conditions suggested in this paper. For the present, use of a 70 x 98µ aperture to size red cells sphered by suspension in isotonic Sodium Potassium Tartrate will contribute to considerably greater accuracy in identification of red cell subpopulations in abnormal blood.
Erythrocytosis Secondary to Increased Oxygen Affinity of a Mutant Hemoglobin, Hemoglobin Kempsey
Authors: REED CON S. , HAMPSON ROGER , GORDON SUSAN , JONES RICHARD T. , NOVY MILES J. , BRIMHALL BERNADINE , EDWARDS MILES J. , KOLER ROBERT D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An abnormal hemoglobin, termed hemoglobin Kempsey, was found in association with erythrocytosis in ten members of an Australian family. Genetic transmission fits an autosomal dominant pattern. Chemical characterization of hemoglobin Kempsey identified a single amino acid substitution, β99Asp→Asn. Properties of hemoglobin Kempsey include a marked increase in oxygen affinity, retention of the Bohr effect, and decreased heme-heme interaction. Possible structure-function relations of this and other abnormal hemoglobins associated with erythrocytosis are discussed.