bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative selectivity benefits of increasing mesh size and using escape gaps in Australian Portunus armatus traps
Authors: Broadhurst Matt K. , Smith Timothy M. , Millar Russell B. , Hughes Brian , Raoult Vincent , Gaston Troy F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe individual and cumulative effects of increasing mesh size (from 56‐ to 75‐mm stretched mesh opening) and installing three escape gaps (36 × 120 mm) in collapsible‐netted round traps were assessed to address concerns associated with excessive discarding in an Australian portunid fishery. Compared to conventional traps comprising 56‐mm mesh throughout, those with the same mesh size and escape gaps caught significantly fewer (by 54%) undersized blue swimmer crabs, Portunus armatus Milne‐Edwards and yellowfin bream, Acanthopagrus australis Günther (by 64%). Irrespective of escape gaps, simply increasing the mesh size to 75 mm did not significantly affect catches of undersized P. armatus, although 87% fewer A. australis were retained. Traps with both 75‐mm mesh and escape gaps maintained reductions of A. australis, but had a clear cumulative effect on P. armatus selection, retaining 84% fewer undersized individuals across a larger size at retention. The results support using escape gaps in existing conventional traps, but illustrate the need to configure the minimum legal mesh size to approach the desired target size of P. armatus as a precursor to maximising trap selectivity. Larger‐meshed traps also require less material (i.e. plastic), which benefits their manufacture and, equally importantly, reduces environmental costs when lost.
A historiography of black feminist activism
Authors: Chapman Erin D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes published histories of black feminist activism. Beginning with the publication of Nell Irvin Painter's historical biography of Sojourner Truth in 1996, the article traces the development of a subfield of history focused specifically on black feminist activists and efforts within the United States. The article focuses on histories that recover black women's engagement in work and organizations that explicitly and simultaneously challenged racism and sexism. The majority of the historiography focuses on the mid‐20th century and follows black women engaged in the civil rights, women's liberation, and/or black power movements. Many of the histories ground black feminism's origins in the Communist Party of the United States of America.
Insomnia and other sleep complaints in inflammatory versus noninflammatory skin disorders: An observational case‐control study
Authors: Mostaghimi Ladan , Hetzel Scott 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSleep problems are common in patients with dermatologic disorders. However, it is unknown whether inflammatory skin disorders are associated with more sleep problems than noninflammatory skin disorders.PurposeTo determine whether sleep problems occur more frequently in people with inflammatory skin disorders compared to noninflammatory skin disorders.Study designObservational case‐control study.MethodsPatients with inflammatory skin disorders (psoriasis [n = 17] and chronic eczema [n = 30]) and noninflammatory skin disorders (nonmelanoma skin cancers [NMSC] [n = 31]) were enrolled. Data collection occurred during a single visit. Statistical analysis of questionnaire results between groups utilized inverse propensity score weighted (IPSW) ANOVA and logistic regression models.ResultsGroups differed in mean (SD) age (P < 0.001) and itch severity (P < 0.001). Based on IPSW ANOVA models, the inflammatory group had significantly higher fatigue scores (mean [95% CI]; 32.0 [28.4–35.5]) than the noninflammatory group (25.5 [21.6–29.3]; P = 0.017). The inflammatory group odds of insomnia were significantly greater based on two definitions of insomnia, ISI ≥ 15 and PSSQ‐I, with odds ratios (95% CI) of 14.4 (2.16–525) and 4.82 (1.45–20.7), respectively. These results were consistent in comparisons between the three groups, with no difference between psoriasis and chronic eczema, but with chronic eczema, significantly more were affected than NMSC.ConclusionsPatients with inflammatory skin disorders report significantly more fatigue and have higher odds of insomnia compared to patients with noninflammatory skin cancers.
Reactive flash sintering of powders of four constituents into a single phase of a complex oxide in a few seconds below 700°C
Authors: Avila Viviana , Raj Rishi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent work on reactive flash sintering of powders of two oxides, bismuth and of iron oxide, into pure single phase bismuth ferrite, which was accomplished in a few seconds at low furnace temperatures, is expanded to four constituents, alumina, lithia, zirconia, and lanthana, to produce reasonably dense polycrystals of a predominantly single phase, cubic LLZO(Al). Transformation and sintering occur concurrently at a furnace temperature near 700°C, in ambient atmosphere, in just a few seconds. The process may simplify the preparation of complex ceramics with new chemistries and dopants, which are predicted from ab intio calculations to have special attributes, not only because the powders sinter quickly at low temperatures, but also because the need for stoichiometric powders as starting materials is obviated.
Testing species assemblage predictions from stacked and joint species distribution models
Authors: Zurell Damaris , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Gross Helge , Baltensweiler Andri , Sattler Thomas , Wüest Rafael O. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimPredicting the spatial distribution of species assemblages remains an important challenge in biogeography. Recently, it has been proposed to extend correlative species distribution models (SDMs) by taking into account (a) covariance between species occurrences in so‐called joint species distribution models (JSDMs) and (b) ecological assembly rules within the SESAM (spatially explicit species assemblage modelling) framework. Yet, little guidance exists on how these approaches could be combined. We, thus, aim to compare the accuracy of assemblage predictions derived from stacked and from joint SDMs.LocationSwitzerland.TaxonBirds, tree species.MethodsBased on two monitoring schemes (national forest inventory and Swiss breeding bird atlas), we built SDMs and JSDMs for tree species (at 100 m resolution) and forest birds (at 1 km resolution). We tested accuracy of species assemblage and richness predictions on holdout data using different stacking procedures and ecological assembly rules.ResultsDespite minor differences, results were consistent between birds and tree species. Cross‐validated species‐level model performance was generally higher in SDMs than JSDMs. Differences in species richness and assemblage predictions were larger between stacking procedures and ecological assembly rules than between stacked SDMs and JSDMs. On average, predictions were slightly better for stacked SDMs compared to JSDMs, probabilistic stacks outperformed binary stacks, and ecological assembly rules yielded best predictions.Main conclusionsWhen predicting the composition of species assemblages, the choice of stacking procedure and ecological assembly rule seems more decisive than differences in underlying model type (SDM vs. JSDM). JSDMs do not seem to improve community predictions compared to SDMs or improve predictions for rare species. Still, JSDMs may provide additional insights into community assembly and may help deriving hypotheses about prevailing biotic interactions in the system. We provide simple rules of thumb for choosing appropriate modelling pathways. Future studies should test these preliminary guidelines for other taxa and biogeographical realms as well as for other JSDM algorithms.
Long‐term BP control and vascular health in patients with hyperaldosteronism treated with low‐dose, amiloride‐based therapy
Authors: Izzo Joseph L. , Hong Michael , Hussain Tanveer , Osmond Peter J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhether aldosterone itself contributes directly to macro‐ or microcirculatory disease in man or to adverse cardiovascular outcomes is not fully known. We report our long‐term single‐practice experience in 5 patients with chronic hyperaldosteronism (HA, including 3 with glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism, GRA) treated with low‐dose amiloride (a specific epithelial sodium channel [ENaC] blocker) 5‐10 (mean 7) mg daily for 14‐28 (mean 20) years. Except for 1 GRA diagnosed in infancy, all had severe resistant hypertension. In each case, BP was normal or near‐normal within 1‐4 weeks after starting amiloride and office BP’s were well controlled for 20 years thereafter. Vascular studies and 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring with pulse wave analysis (cardiac output, vascular resistance, augmentation index, and reflection magnitude) were assessed after a mean of 18 years as were regional pulse wave velocities, pulse stiffening ratio, ankle‐brachial index, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and spot urinary albumin:creatinine ratio. All indicators were completely normal in all patients after 18 years of amiloride, and none had a cardiovascular event during the 20‐year mean follow‐up. We conclude that long‐term ENaC blockade can normalize BP and protect macro‐ and microvascular function in patients with HA. This suggests that (a) any vasculopathic effects of aldosterone are mediated via ENaC, not MR activation itself, and are fully preventable or reversible with ENaC blockade or (b) aldosterone may not play a major BP‐independent role in human macro‐ and microcirculatory diseases. These and other widely divergent results in the literature underscore the need for additional studies regarding aldosterone, ENaC, and vascular disease.
Determination of optimal on‐treatment diastolic blood pressure range using automated measurements in subjects with cardiovascular disease—Analysis of a SPRINT trial subpopulation
Authors: Sobieraj Piotr , Lewandowski Jacek , Siński Maciej , Gaciong Zbigniew 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAutomated office blood pressure measurement (AOBPM) is recommended for diagnosing hypertension; however, optimal treatment targets using this method are not established. Discrepancies between automated and office measurements of blood pressure have been described, producing uncertainty regarding the use of AOBPM in clinical practice. The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) results improved our understanding of target AOBPM systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels; however, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) targets remain unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the optimal on‐treatment DBP range. The analysis was performed on the participants of the SPRINT trial who had hypertension and prior cardiovascular disease. We analyzed the data of 1470 participants (mean age 70.3 ± 9.3 years, 24.1% female) selected from the SPRINT trial database of National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. The mean achieved SBP and DBP were 127.9 ± 10.7 and 68.3 ± 9.4 mm Hg, respectively. Most of the participants (57.4%) had a DBP lower than 70 mm Hg, while only 11.7% had DPB ≥80 mm Hg. Clinical composite endpoint was defined as myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome not resulting in myocardial infarction, stroke, acute decompensated heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes. There were 159 (10.8%) clinical endpoint events. The participants with on‐treatment AOBPM DBP range of 68.6‐78.6 mm Hg showed the lowest hazard risk of a clinical composite endpoint. These results correspond to the office DBP range of 70‐80 mm Hg recommended in ESC guidelines. This is the first attempt to determine the range of optimal DBP values using population‐based AOBPM in patients with prior cardiovascular disease.
Distribution, degree of damage and risk of spread of Trioza erytreae (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in Kenya
Authors: Aidoo Owusu Fordjour , Tanga Chrysantus Mbi , Mohamed Samira Abuelgasim , Rasowo Brenda Amondi , Khamis Fathiya Mbarak , Rwomushana Ivan , Kimani Jackson , Agyakwa Akua Konadu , Daisy Salifu , Sétamou Mamoudou , Ekesi Sunday , Borgemeister Christian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe African citrus triozid (ACT), Trioza erytreae Del Guercio, is a destructive pest particularly on citrus, and vectors, “Candidatus” Liberibacter africanus (CLaf), which is the causal agent of the African citrus greening disease. Our study seeks to establish the distribution and host‐plant relationship of ACT across citrus production areas in Kenya. We also modelled the risk of spread using the maximum entropy modelling algorithm with known occurrence data. Our results infer that ACT is widely distributed and causes severe damage to four alternative host plants belonging to the family Rutaceae. The adults, immature stages (eggs and nymphs), galls and the percentage of infested leaves were significantly higher in shaded than unshaded trees. However, adult ACTs preferred Kenyan highlands to Victoria Lake and coastal regions. The average area under the curve of the model predictions was 0.97, indicating an optimal model performance. The environmental variables that most influenced the prediction were the precipitation of wettest quarter, precipitation of wettest month, mean diurnal range, temperature seasonality and mean temperature of the coldest quarter. The current prediction of ACT exceeded its existing range, especially in the Western, Nyanza, Central, Rift valley and Eastern regions of Kenya. The model predicted a contraction of suitable habitats for a potential spread in 2040 with an inland shift to higher altitudes in the cooler regions. The potential for further expansion to climatically suitable areas was more pronounced for the 2080 forecast. These findings provide relevant information to improve monitoring/surveillance and designing IPM strategies to limit its spread and damage.
Electroreception in marine fishes: chondrichthyans
Authors: Newton Kyle C. , Gill Andrew B. , Kajiura Stephen M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElectroreception in marine fishes occurs across a variety of taxa and is best understood in the chondrichthyans (sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras). Here, we present an up‐to‐date review of what is known about the biology of passive electroreception and we consider how electroreceptive fishes might respond to electric and magnetic stimuli in a changing marine environment. We briefly describe the history and discovery of electroreception in marine Chondrichthyes, the current understanding of the passive mode, the morphological adaptations of receptors across phylogeny and habitat, the physiological function of the peripheral and central nervous system components, and the behaviours mediated by electroreception. Additionally, whole genome sequencing, genetic screening and molecular studies promise to yield new insights into the evolution, distribution, and function of electroreceptors across different environments. This review complements that of electroreception in freshwater fishes in this special issue, which provides a comprehensive state of knowledge regarding the evolution of electroreception. We conclude that despite our improved understanding of passive electroreception, several outstanding gaps remain which limits our full comprehension of this sensory modality. Of particular concern is how electroreceptive fishes will respond and adapt to a marine environment that is being increasingly altered by anthropogenic electric and magnetic fields.
White Matter Hyperintensities and Hippocampal Atrophy in Relation to Cognition: The 90+ Study
Authors: Legdeur Nienke , Visser Pieter Jelle , Woodworth Davis C. , Muller Majon , Fletcher Evan , Maillard Pauline , Scheltens Philip , DeCarli Charles , Kawas Claudia H. , Corrada María M. 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVESTo study the interactive effect of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and hippocampal atrophy on cognition in the oldest old.DESIGNOngoing longitudinal study.SETTINGIn Southern California, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were conducted between May 2014 and December 2017.PARTICIPANTSIndividuals from The 90+ Study with a valid brain MRI scan (N = 141; 94 cognitively normal and 47 with cognitive impairment).MEASUREMENTSCognitive testing was performed every 6 months with a mean follow‐up of 2 years and included these tests: Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), modified MMSE (3MS), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) immediate recall over four trials and delayed recall, Digit Span Backward, Animal Fluency, and Trail Making Test (TMT) A, B, and C. We used one linear mixed model for each cognitive test to study the baseline and longitudinal association of WMH and hippocampal volume (HV) with cognition. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and education.RESULTSMean age was 94.3 years (standard deviation [SD] = 3.2 y). At baseline, higher WMH volumes were associated with worse scores on the 3MS, CVLT immediate and delayed recall, and TMT B. Lower HVs were associated with worse baseline scores on all cognitive tests, except for the Digit Span Backward. Longitudinally, higher WMH and lower HVs were associated with faster decline in the 3MS and MMSE, and lower HV was also associated with faster decline in the CVLT immediate recall. No association was observed between WMH and HV and no interaction between WMH and HV in their association with baseline cognition or cognitive decline.CONCLUSIONWe show that WMH and hippocampal atrophy have an independent, negative effect on cognition that make these biomarkers relevant to evaluate in the diagnostic work‐up of the oldest‐old individuals with cognitive complaints. However, the predictive value of WMH for cognitive decline seems to be less evident in the oldest‐old compared with a younger group of older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1827–1834, 2019
Association of 3‐Year Multidomain Intervention and Omega‐3 Supplementation with Frailty Incidence
Authors: Guerville Florent , de Souto Barreto Philipe , Giudici Kelly Virecoulon , Rolland Yves , Vellas Bruno ,   For the MAPT/DSA Group
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVESTo assess the associations of long‐term lifestyle multidomain intervention (MI) and omega‐3 supplementation with frailty level evolution and frailty incidence in community‐dwelling older persons.DESIGNSecondary analysis of the randomized controlled Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial.SETTINGThirteen memory centers in France and Monaco between 2008 and 2011.PARTICIPANTSA total of 1588 community‐dwelling persons aged 70 years or older with memory complaints (without dementia), slow gait speed, or limitation in one instrumental activity of daily living.INTERVENTIONA 3‐year MI (43 group sessions including cognitive training, physical activity, and nutrition advice and three preventive consultations) plus daily omega‐3 fatty acids, MI plus placebo, omega‐3 alone, or placebo alone.MEASUREMENTSThe frailty phenotype (unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slow gait, low handgrip strength: 0 to 5 score, higher is worse; a score of 3 or higher defines frailty) was assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. We used mixed‐effect models for frailty level (0‐5 score as an ordinal variable) and Cox models for frailty incidence.RESULTSNo differences were found between the intervention groups and placebo on the 3‐year evolution of frailty level. Among 1394 non‐frail participants at baseline, frailty incidence occurred in 134 (9.6%) persons: 26 (7.6%) in the MI plus omega‐3 group, 34 (10%) in the omega‐3 alone group, 31 (8.5%) in the MI plus placebo group, and 43 (12.3%) in the placebo‐alone group). No differences regarding frailty incidence were found between intervention groups and placebo. After exclusion of 53 participants with incident frailty during the first year of follow‐up, MI plus omega‐3 was associated with a lower frailty incidence compared with placebo (hazard ratio = .43; 95% confidence interval = .22‐.81).CONCLUSIONIn community‐dwelling older persons, the combination of a long‐term lifestyle MI and omega‐3 supplementation did not reduce frailty level or incidence. The reduction of frailty incidence associated with the combined intervention in a sensitivity analysis needs to be further confirmed.J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1700–1706, 2019
Marital Strain and Psychological Distress in Same‐Sex and Different‐Sex Couples
Authors: Garcia Michael A. , Umberson Debra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective: This study examines the association of marital strain—as reported by each spouse—with psychological distress and considers whether the associations vary for men and women in gay, lesbian, and heterosexual marriages.Background: Prior studies show that marital strain is associated with psychological distress. However, most studies rely on only one spouse's perspective and do not consider how appraisals of strain from both spouses may contribute to distress. Moreover, possible gender differences in these associations have been considered only for heterosexual couples.Method: The analyses are based on 10 days of dyadic diary data from 756 midlife U.S. men and women in 378 gay, lesbian, and heterosexual marriages. Multilevel modeling is used to examine the association of self‐ and spouse‐reported marital strain with psychological distress; actor‐partner interdependence models explore possible gender differences in these associations.Results: Both self‐reports and spousal reports of marital strain are associated with psychological distress, with notable gender differences. The associations of self‐ and spouse‐reported marital strain with distress are stronger for women in different‐sex marriages when compared with men in same‐sex and different‐sex marriages. The association is also stronger for women in different‐sex marriages when compared with women in same‐sex marriages, but for self‐reported strain only.Conclusion: Marital appraisals by both spouses are important for psychological well‐being and may be especially important for the well‐being of women in different‐sex marriages.
Interleukin‐13 and interleukin‐33 mRNA are underexpressed in the duodenal mucosa of German Shepherd dogs with chronic enteropathy
Authors: Kathrani Aarti , Lezcano Victor , Hall Edward J. , Jergens Albert E. , Seo Yeon‐Jung , Mochel Jonathan P. , Atherly Todd , Allenspach Karin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundA recent genome‐wide association study in German Shepherd dogs (GSDs) with chronic enteropathy (CE) has identified polymorphisms in the Th2 cytokine genes.Hypothesis/objectiveTo determine if the expression of the Th2 cytokines, interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) and interleukin‐33 (IL‐33), is altered in the duodenal mucosa of GSDs with CE compared to non‐GSDs with CE and healthy dogs.AnimalsTwenty client‐owned dogs diagnosed with CE (10 GSDs and 10 non‐GSDs) at the Bristol Veterinary School and 8 healthy Beagle dogs from the Iowa State University Service Colony.MethodsRetrospective study using archived paraffin‐embedded duodenal biopsy samples. A novel RNA in situ hybridization technology (RNAscope) was used to hybridize IL‐13 and IL‐33 mRNA probes onto at least 10 sections from duodenal biopsy samples for each dog. RNAscope signals were visualized using a microscope and semi‐quantitative assessment was performed by a single operator.ResultsBased on duodenal villus, subvillus, epithelial, and lamina propria average expression scores, GSDs with CE had significantly lower IL‐13 and IL‐33 mRNA expression compared to non‐GSDs with CE (IL‐13, P < .04; IL‐33, P < .02) and healthy Beagle dogs (IL‐13, P < .02; IL‐33, P < .004).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSimilar to human patients with ulcerative colitis, a subtype of human inflammatory bowel disease, these data indicate that Th2 cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of CE in GSDs.