bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a Perioperative Nursing Elective on Nursing Career Paths
Authors: Schmidt Nola A. , Brown Janet M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNurse educators play a role in addressing the growing perioperative nurse shortage in the United States by implementing strategies to entice new graduates to this specialty. The purpose of our study was to determine if an undergraduate perioperative nursing elective influenced the career choices of nurses four to nine years after they graduated from a baccalaureate nursing program in the midwestern United States. Using a descriptive study design, 23 of 50 nurses responded to a survey about positions they have held since graduating and the influence of a perioperative nursing elective on their career choices. Twenty‐six percent of nurses in this sample went on to work in the perioperative specialty, and the majority indicated they continued to consider perioperative nursing as a career choice. Considering the potential long‐term effects of this strategy, incorporating a perioperative nursing elective into nursing school curricula could be helpful to address the shortage of perioperative nurses.
Perioperative Hyperglycemia: A Literature Review
Authors: Peacock Tammy S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this literature review is to examine current evidence and determine the effects of stress hyperglycemia on patient outcomes during the perioperative period. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of stress hyperglycemia, the population it affects, and strategies for optimal treatment to reduce the potential for postoperative complications. A literature search produced 16 of the most current studies on the effect of stress hyperglycemia in both the diabetic and nondiabetic populations. The evidence presented indicates the need to maintain tight glucose control in the perioperative patient. Although there are varying approaches to managing stress hyperglycemia, there is compelling agreement that stress hyperglycemia should be treated in all surgical patients.
Perioperative Strategies for Surgical Site Infection Prevention
Authors: Bashaw Marie A. , Keister Kathy J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSIs) are some of the most common and costly health care–associated infections. Although the rate of SSIs has declined significantly in the past decade, patient safety remains at risk. Perioperative nurses employ a variety of evidence‐based best practices to prevent SSIs and facilitate a safe surgical experience for their patients, including hand hygiene, preoperative patient skin antisepsis, and antimicrobial irrigation. This article explores the causes of SSIs, such as modifiable and nonmodifiable patient factors and preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative procedural factors, and discusses some of the specific recommended strategies related to the prevention of SSIs that perioperative nurses can initiate in their workplace.
Native and introduced fish community structure in a freshwater swamp forest: Implications for conservation and management
Authors: Ho Jonathan K.I. , Ramchunder Sorain J. , Memory Andrew , Tan Heok Hui , Yeo Darren C.J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Freshwater swamp forests are poorly studied but highly threatened freshwater habitats, especially in Southeast Asia. Very little is known about the environmental factors associated with the assembly and spatial distribution of fish communities in these acid‐water habitats, although such knowledge is of immense importance for conservation and management.
Fish assemblages in 40 stream sites throughout the Nee Soon Swamp Forest, Singapore, were surveyed using push nets from October 2013 to November 2014. The Nee Soon Swamp Forest is the last substantial remnant of freshwater swamp forest habitat in Singapore, and today it is the only refuge for many of the native forest‐specialist freshwater fish species.
The overall diversity and richness of the fish community are positively correlated with depth, stream order, and canopy cover, and are negatively correlated with distance to a connected reservoir, mean velocity, and silt substrate. Observed patterns indicate that three main communities exist, each with distinct associated species and environmental parameters. One is a novel community of introduced species and non‐forest specialist native species found only at the outskirts (downstream portion) of the swamp forest, close to a reservoir connection that drains the swamp, whereas the other two communities are found in the interior of the swamp forest and harbour mostly forest‐specialist native species of restricted distribution and high conservation value.
The community on the outskirts may be a potential route for introduced species to spread and establish populations deeper within the swamp forest. At present the native community within the swamp forest appears to be healthy, but constant monitoring is needed to ensure that the native community is not threatened by loss of habitat or introduced species.
Accelerated Knee Osteoarthritis Is Characterized by Destabilizing Meniscal Tears and Preradiographic Structural Disease Burden
Authors: Driban Jeffrey B. , Davis Julie E. , Lu Bing , Price Lori Lyn , Ward Robert J. , MacKay James W. , Eaton Charles B. , Lo Grace H. , Barbe Mary F. , Zhang Ming , Pang Jincheng , Stout Alina C. , Harkey Matthew S. , McAlindon Timothy E. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether accelerated knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is preceded by, and characterized over time by, destabilizing meniscal tears or other pathologic changes.MethodsWe selected 3 sex‐matched groups of subjects from the first 48 months of the Osteoarthritis Initiative, comprising adults who had a knee without KOA (Kellgren/Lawrence [K/L] radiographic grade <2) at baseline. Subjects in the accelerated KOA group developed KOA of K/L grade ≥3, those with typical KOA showed increased K/L radiographic scores, and those with no KOA had the same K/L grade over time. An index visit was the visit when the radiographic criteria for accelerated KOA and typical KOA were met (the no KOA group was matched to the accelerated KOA group). The observation period was up to 2 years before and after an index visit. Radiologists reviewed magnetic resonance (MR) images of the index knee and identified destabilizing meniscal tears (root tears, radial tears, complex tears), miscellaneous pathologic features (acute ligamentous or tendinous injuries, attrition, subchondral insufficiency fractures, other incidental findings), and meniscal damage in >2 of 6 regions (3 regions per meniscus: anterior horn, body, posterior horn). In addition, bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and cartilage damage on MR images were quantified. Linear mixed regression models were performed to analyze the results.ResultsAt 1 year before the index visit, >75% of adults with accelerated KOA had meniscal damage in ≥2 regions (odds ratio 3.19 [95% confidence interval 1.70–5.97] versus adults with typical KOA). By the index visit, meniscal damage in ≥2 regions was ubiquitous in adults with accelerated KOA, including 42% of subjects having evidence of a destabilizing meniscal tear (versus 14% of subjects with typical KOA). These changes corresponded to findings of larger BMLs and greater cartilage loss in the accelerated KOA group.ConclusionAccelerated KOA is characterized by destabilizing meniscal tears in a knee compromised by meniscal damage in >2 regions, and also characterized by the presence of large BMLs and greater cartilage loss.
Microbiome Analytics of the Gut Microbiota in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study
Authors: van Dijkhuizen E. H. Pieter , Del Chierico Federica , Malattia Clara , Russo Alessandra , Pires Marafon Denise , ter Haar Nienke M. , Magni‐Manzoni Silvia , Vastert Sebastiaan J. , Dallapiccola Bruno , Prakken Berent , Martini Alberto , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Putignani Lorenza ,   the Model Driven Paediatric European Digital Repository Consortium
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the composition of gut microbiota in Italian and Dutch patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) at baseline, with inactive disease, and with persistent activity compared to healthy controls.MethodsIn a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study, fecal samples were collected at baseline from 78 Italian and 21 Dutch treatment‐naive JIA patients with <6 months of disease duration and compared to 107 geographically matched samples from healthy children. Forty‐four follow‐up samples from patients with inactive disease and 25 follow‐up samples from patients with persistent activity were analyzed. Gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA–based metagenomics. Alpha‐ and β‐diversity were computed, and log ratios of relative abundance were compared between patients and healthy controls using random forest models and logistic regression.ResultsBaseline samples from Italian patients showed reduced richness compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). Random forest models distinguished between Italian patient baseline samples and healthy controls and suggested differences between Dutch patient samples and healthy controls (areas under the curve >0.99 and 0.71, respectively). The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Erysipelotrichaceae (increased in patients), Allobaculum (decreased in patients), and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (increased in patients) showed different relative abundance in Italian patient baseline samples compared to controls after controlling for multiple comparisons. Some OTUs differed between Dutch patient samples and healthy controls, but no evidence remained after controlling for multiple comparisons. No differences were found in paired analysis between Italian patient baseline and inactive disease samples.ConclusionOur findings show evidence for dysbiosis in JIA patients. Only patient/control status, age, and geographic origin appear to be drivers of the microbiota profiles, regardless of disease activity stage, inflammation, and markers of autoimmunity.
Psychometric properties of the chinese version of autism spectrum quotient‐children's version: A sex‐specific analysis
Authors: Sun Fan , Dai Meixia , Lin Lizi , Sun Xiang , Murray Aja Louise , Auyeung Bonnie , Jing Jin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA Simplified Chinese translation of the Autism Spectrum Quotient‐Children's Version (AQ‐C) is needed for research in mainland China. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition that differs in presentation and prevalence by sex. Thus, evaluating the psychometric validity of the AQ‐C in males and females is an important step in its validation. The present study aims to develop a Chinese translation of the parent‐report AQ‐C, and test its psychometric properties among Mandarin Chinese speaking boys and girls. A total of 1,020 non‐clinical children and 134 children with ASD were assessed. Factor analyses were performed for the whole sample, as well as for girls and boys separately. A 30‐item, 5‐factor model (the Chinese AQ‐C) showed adequate goodness of fit (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.037; comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.907; Tucker‐Lewis index [TLI] = 0.901) for the whole sample. According to parents' reports, non‐clinical boys had significantly higher scores than non‐clinical girls on the Chinese AQ‐C. Sex‐specific factor structures were identified resulting in a 4‐factor model with 32 items for girls (the Chinese AQ‐Girls), and a 4‐factor model with 34 items for boys (the Chinese AQ‐Boys). The cut‐off scores of the Chinese AQ‐C, AQ‐Girls, and AQ‐Boys were 44.5, 42.5, and 46.5, respectively. These three Chinese versions of the AQ‐C all showed satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.786–0.840) and concurrent validity with the Social Responsiveness Scale (r = 0.789–0.814) for the total scale. Differences have been found in the sex‐specific factor structures of the AQ‐C which would be more reliable to use for future research when measuring autistic traits in the general population. Autism Res 2019, 12: 303–315 © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study developed Chinese versions of the Autism Spectrum Quotient‐Children's Version (AQ‐C) in Chinese boys and girls together and separately. The AQ‐C showed good psychometric properties in boys and girls together and separately. There were differences in sex‐specific factor structures of the AQ‐C. These results suggest that the sex‐specific Chinese versions of the AQ‐C provide reliable and valid measurement of autistic traits.
Humins in the environment: early stage insights on ecotoxicological aspects
Authors: Muralidhara Anitha , Bado‐Nilles Anne , Marlair Guy , Engelen Victor , Len Christophe , Pandard Pascal 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWith a growing interest in the concept of a circular economy, the use of lignocellulosic residues, such as lignins and humins, as potential renewable feedstock for biorefining processes looks increasingly promising. Many challenges remain for the sustainable use of humins, starting from the need to provide reference data reflecting actual usable feedstocks of such materials. This paper offers the first study, from this perspective, of the potential environmental fate of those materials and components, all related to furanics, a family of compounds the toxicity of which is still a matter of debate.Conventional ecotoxicity and biodegradability tests required by European regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) for the primary evaluation of environmental hazards were conducted in combination with fish immunomarker tests to study possible long‐term effects on aquatic ecosystems. These first results are promising as humins did not give rise to any immediate ecotoxicological concerns, and hence their use could be considered in environment‐friendly applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Strukturdynamisches Verhalten von Stahlbetonplatten unter Impakteinwirkung bei variablen Geschwindigkeiten
Authors: Schmitt Daniel , Kühn Tino , Millon Oliver , Stolz Alexander , Nau Siegfried , Curbach Manfred , Thoma † Klaus 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag stellt die wesentlichen Ergebnisse umfangreicher experimenteller Untersuchungen zur Analyse von Stahlbetonplatten unter Impaktbelastung dar. Die vorgestellten Arbeiten erfolgten in Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Fraunhofer Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik – Ernst‐Mach‐Institut (EMI) und der Technischen Universität Dresden (TUD), innerhalb des durch die DFG geförderten nationalen Forschungsprojekts „Impakt auf Betonstrukturen – Experiment und Simulation“. In den durchgeführten Experimenten wurde die Einwirkung eines sogenannten harten Stoßes, bei dem die kinetische Energie nahezu vollends in die Struktur eingeleitet wird, für unterschiedliche Geschwindigkeitsbereiche (4,2–6,0 m/s; 44–67 m/s und 200–274 m/s) studiert. Die hervorgerufenen Versagensphänomene und die dynamische Strukturantwort wurden über entsprechend umfangreiche Messtechnik (Dehnungsmessstreifen, Drucksensoren, Lasermesstechnik und Hochgeschwindigkeitskameras) erfasst. Die somit gewonnene Datengrundlage für Bereiche niedriger wie auch hoher Verzerrungsraten dient sowohl dem Verständnis der Zusammenhänge zwischen lokaler Schädigung und globaler Strukturantwort, als auch zur Adaption bestehender Materialmodelle, der Entwicklung von Ingenieurmodellen und der Validierung numerischer Berechnungen.
Copula directional dependence for inference and statistical analysis of whole‐brain connectivity from fMRI data
Authors: Lee Namgil , Kim Jong‐Min 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionInferring connectivity between brain regions has been raising a lot of attention in recent decades. Copula directional dependence (CDD) is a statistical measure of directed connectivity, which does not require strict assumptions on probability distributions and linearity.MethodsIn this work, CDDs between pairs of local brain areas were estimated based on the fMRI responses of human participants watching a Pixar animation movie. A directed connectivity map of fourteen predefined local areas was obtained for each participant, where the network structure was determined by the strengths of the CDDs. A resampling technique was further applied to determine the statistical significance of the connectivity directions in the networks. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested method using CDDs, statistical group analysis was conducted based on graph theoretic measures of the inferred directed networks and CDD intensities. When the 129 fMRI participants were grouped by their age (3–5 year‐old, 7–12 year‐old, adult) and gender (F, M), nonparametric two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) results could identify which cortical regions and connectivity structures correlated with the two physiological factors.ResultsEspecially, we could identify that (a) graph centrality measures of the frontal eye fields (FEF), the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), and the temporopolar area (TP) were significantly affected by aging, (b) CDD intensities between FEF and the primary motor cortex (M1) and between ITG and TP were highly significantly affected by aging, and (c) CDDs between M1 and the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) were highly significantly affected by gender.SoftwareThe R source code for fMRI data preprocessing, estimation of directional dependences, network visualization, and statistical analyses are available at https://github.com/namgillee/CDDforFMRI.
Mid‐term outcomes (up to 5 years) of percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral repair in the real‐world according to regurgitation mechanism: A single‐center experience
Authors: Buzzatti Nicola , Denti Paolo , Scarfò Iside Stella , Giambuzzi Ilaria , Schiavi Davide , Ruggeri Stefania , Castiglioni Alessandro , De Bonis Michele , La Canna Giovanni , Alfieri Ottavio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo report mid‐term results after MitraClip repair, according to mitral regurgitation (MR) mechanism, in a real‐world single‐center experience.BackgroundMid‐term outcomes of percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral repair in the real world are still limited.MethodsWe assessed the follow‐up results of patients treated with MitraClip at a single high‐volume mitral center from 2008 to 2016. All patients underwent Heart‐Team discussion, prospective data collection and enrolment in a dedicated outpatient clinic. Functional (FMR, n = 242, 68.6%) and degenerative (DMR, n = 97, 27.5%) MR patients were separately analyzed.Results5‐Year survival was 53.5 ± 4.5% in FMR vs 57.1 ± 7.5% in DMR (P = 0.087). Reduced survival was strongly associated with worse left ventricle remodeling (ESV HR 1.01, CI 1.01–1.02, P < 0.001) in FMR, and with worse symptoms (New York Heart Association IV HR 6.72, CI 1.78–25.45, P = 0.005) in DMR. 5‐Year cumulative incidence function for MR ≥ 3 was 23.7 ± 3.4% in FMR vs 27.9 ± 5.9% in DMR (P = 0.39), being associated with residual MR = 2 both in FMR (HR 4.67, CI 2.49–8.74, P < 0.001) and DMR (HR 7.15, CI 2.72–18.75, P < 0.001). At 5‐year, patients in NYHA class I‐II increased from 17.9% to 45.3% in FMR (P < 0.001) and from 33.3% to 51.3% in DMR (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn this single‐center real‐world experience, 5‐year after MitraClip, half of the patients were alive and 3/4 were free from MR, both in FMR and DMR. Symptoms benefit was sustained in both groups. Advanced ventricular remodeling, advanced symptoms, and suboptimal MR reduction were associated with worse results. Refined patient selection, improved efficacy and more data will be all required to improve long‐term outcomes.
Percutaneous treatment of a massive saphenous vein graft aneurysm
Authors: Knoery Charles , Ashcroft Michael , Smith Jamie AL , Leslie Stephen J 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSaphenous vein graft (SVG) aneurysms are a rare, frequently late presenting, potentially fatal complication of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. They are often discovered incidentally during radiological tasks such as chest x‐ray or CT but can present clinically with symptoms such as worsening angina and breathlessness as well as complications such as rupture or myocardial infarction. Given the risks if left untreated, consideration should be given to treatment either through percutaneous routes or open surgery. However, because of a lack of strong evidence, there are no definitive guidelines on the treatment of SVG aneurysms. We describe a patient with an extensive cardiac surgical history who presented with angina and breathlessness and was found to have a large SVG aneurysm, subsequently successfully treated with percutaneous coronary intervention with covered stents.
Are Business Students Prepared for the World of Business? Self‐interest, Conformity and Conflict Styles
Authors: Petersen Bui K. , Ford Dianne P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhile conflict management is a central capability in the business world, it gets relatively little attention in most business schools. In a study of undergraduate and graduate students at a Canadian university, we investigate the roles personal values play in the relationship between majoring in business and students' conflict management propensities. We find that business students hold more narrowly self‐interested, as well as more conformist and traditionalist, values than students in other disciplines, with the implication that business students may be more prone to conflict avoidance and less likely than other students to engage with conflict collaboratively. We discuss both self‐selection and socialization as possible explanations, and the implication this has for business education and curriculum development.
Titanium‐promoted Intramolecular Photoenolization/Diels–Alder Reaction to Construct Polycyclic Terpenoids: Formal Synthesis of Mycoleptodiscin A
Authors: Xue Dongsheng , Xu Mengmeng , Zheng Chaoying , Yang Baochao , Hou Min , He Haibing , Gao Shuanhu 
Published: December 2018

Summary of main observation and conclusionA titanium‐promoted intramolecular photoenolization/Diels–Alder (PEDA) reaction was developed to construct the core skeleton of aromatic polycyclic terpenoids bearing an all‐carbon quaternary center on the benzylic position. Titanium(IV) isopropoxide [Ti(Oi‐Pr)4] plays a key role during the photo cycloaddition, which may help to accelerate the interaction between dienophile and the stereo‐hindered diene species as well as control the diastereoselectivity. This photolysis provides a new solution for the stereospecific formation core structures of aromatic abietane diterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, which have multiple functional groups for the further transformations. As a synthetic application, it was successfully used in the synthesis of indolosesquiterpenoid mycoleptodiscin A.