bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Local Corrosion Caused by Inclusions and Surface Scratches of Steel in High Temperature and Pressure Flue Gas Environment
Authors: Wang Dong , Wang Shuzhong , Yang Jianqiao , Jiang Zhuohang , Zhang Baoquan , Cui Chengchao , Li Jianna 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
By simulating the high temperature and high pressure flue gas environment in heavy oil thermal recovery, the influence of two kinds of surface defects, steel inclusions and surface scratches, on local corrosion of steel was studied. And the mechanism of local corrosion caused by inclusions and surface scratches was analysed steel #20 and 26CrMo4 were used as experimental materials, and reacted in a 9 MPa flue gas environment for 24h. The reaction temperatures were 120 °C and 250 °C. The results show that the non-metallic inclusions in the steel are weak parts of the passivation film on the surface of the sample and are easily corroded by corrosive media. The scratched area is more likely to cause aggregation of corrosive media than other parts of the steel surface, and the iron elements in the metal in this area are more likely to reach the surface and react with the corrosive medium.
Heterogony in Cycloneuroterus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) From Rearing Experiments and DNA Barcoding
Authors: Ide Tatsuya , Abe Yoshihisa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Heterogony was confirmed in the cynipid genus Cycloneuroterus Melika and Tang in rearing experiments with DNA barcoding. These experiments involved Cycloneuroterus gilvus Tang and Melika, which was previously only described from the sexual generation adult. The first rearing experiment was conducted using unidentified asexual generation females collected from Quercus gilva Blume, and gall formation by the sexual generation offspring was confirmed on folded or unfolded young leaves of Q. gilva. The second experiment was conducted using sexual generation males and females reared from the leaf galls collected from Q. gilva, and gall formation by the asexual generation offspring was observed on leaves of Q. gilva. Based on the morphological features of the sexual generation adults and galls, this species was identified as C. gilvus. The species identity of wasp specimens of sexual and asexual generations used in the rearing experiments was cross-checked using DNA barcoding with the partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region (658 bp). The asexual generation adult and gall of C. gilvus are described based on these results. The importance of ‘closing the life cycle,’ in this case a demonstration of heterogony, in oak gall wasps (Cynipini) is discussed.
Prokineticin 1 is a new biomarker of human oocyte competence: expression and hormonal regulation throughout late folliculogenesis
Authors: Alfaidy Nadia , Baron Chloé , Antoine Yannick , Reynaud Déborah , Traboulsi Wael , Gueniffey Aurore , Lamotte Anna , Melloul Eve , Dunand Camille , Villaret Laure , Bessonnat Julien , Mauroy Charlotte , Boueihl Thomas , Coutton Charles , Martinez Guillaume , Hamamah Samir , Hoffmann Pascale , Hennebicq Sylviane , Brouillet Sophie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Context
Prokineticin 1 (PROK1) quantification in global follicular fluid (FF) has been recently reported as a predictive biomarker of in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome. It is now necessary to evaluate its clinical usefulness in individual follicles.

Objectives
To evaluate the clinical value of PROK1 secretion in individual FF to predict oocyte competence. To determine the impact of follicular size, oocyte maturity, and gonadotropin treatments on PROK1 secretion.

Design and setting
Prospective cohort study from May 2015 to May 2017 at the University Hospital of Grenoble.

Patients
A total of 69 infertile couples underwent IVF.

Intervention(s)
Collection of 298 individual FF from 44 women undergoing IVF; 52 individual cumulus cell (CC) samples and 15 CC primary cultures from 25 women undergoing IVF-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Oocyte competence was defined as the ability to sustain embryo development to the blastocyst stage. Follicular size was measured by 2D-sonography. PROK1 concentration was quantified by ELISA assay.

Results
PROK1 concentration was correlated to follicular size (r = 0.85, P = 2.2 × 10−16). Normalized PROK1 concentration in FF was predictive of subsequent oocyte competence (AUROC curve = 0.76 [95% CI, 0.69–0.83]; P = 1.7 × 10−9), irrespectively of day-2 embryo morphokinetic parameters. The expression and secretion of PROK1 were increased in FF and CC of mature oocytes (P < 0.01). Follicle Stimulating Hormone and hCG up-regulated PROK1 secretion in CC primary cultures (P < 0.01; P < 0.05), probably through the cAMP pathway (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
PROK1 quantification in individual FF could constitute a new predictive biomarker of oocyte competence in addition with embryo morphokinetic parameters.

Trial registration number
none.
Comparative developmental anatomy of ovary and fruit in Brazilian Velloziaceae
Authors: Sousa-Baena Mariane S , De Menezes Nanuza L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Morpho-anatomical studies of fruits are scarce in monocotyledons and particularly for the Brazilian species of Velloziaceae, a small family of monocots characteristic of the campo rupestre vegetation of Brazil. The main fruit types found in Velloziaceae are poricidal and loculicidal capsules, but capsule morphology is variable, which has led to discrepancies regarding fruit descriptions and terminology. In this study, we aimed to analyse fruit development in Brazilian Velloziaceae to obtain a better understanding of capsule dehiscence and to elucidate and describe in detail the fruit types occurring in the family. Based on our results, we discuss the terminology used to describe capsules of some species, e.g. capsules of Vellozia minima and V. epidendroides, previously classified as poricidal, should be called apical loculicidal, as they form three slits on the uppermost part of each carpel that are prevented from extending downwards by the precocious lignification of the pericarp. Capsules of Barbacenia purpurea, B. riparia and B. plantaginea have been classified using various terms, but they fit the definition of fissuricidal capsule and should be classified as such. We also propose an improved analysis for the character ‘fruit type’, previously used in phylogenetic reconstructions of Velloziaceae. We changed some states following the fruit reclassification proposed here and added a new state, ‘capsule opening through lateral irregular aperture’, to the character. Additionally, eight new phylogenetic characters derived from ovary and fruit characteristics are suggested.
Topography Impacts Topology: Anatomically Central Areas Exhibit a “High-Level Connector” Profile in the Human Cortex
Authors: Zhang Jiahe , Scholtens Lianne H , Wei Yongbin , van den Heuvel Martijn P , Chanes Lorena , Barrett Lisa Feldman 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Degree centrality is a widely used measure in complex networks. Within the brain, degree relates to other topological features, with high-degree nodes (i.e., hubs) exhibiting high betweenness centrality, participation coefficient, and within-module z-score. However, increasing evidence from neuroanatomical and predictive processing literature suggests that topological properties of a brain network may also be impacted by topography, that is, anatomical (spatial) distribution. More specifically, cortical limbic areas (agranular and dysgranular cortices), which occupy an anatomically central position, have been proposed to be topologically central and well suited to initiate predictions in the cerebral cortex. We estimated anatomical centrality and showed that it positively correlated with betweenness centrality, participation coefficient, and communicability, analogously to degree. In contrast to degree, however, anatomical centrality negatively correlated with within-module z-score. Our data suggest that degree centrality and anatomical centrality reflect distinct contributions to cortical organization. Whereas degree would be more related to the amount of information integration performed by an area, anatomical centrality would be more related to an area’s position in the predictive hierarchy. Highly anatomically central areas may function as “high-level connectors,” integrating already highly integrated information across modules. These results are consistent with a high-level, domain-general limbic workspace, integrated by highly anatomically central cortical areas.
Striatopallidal Pathway Distinctly Modulates Goal-Directed Valuation and Acquisition of Instrumental Behavior via Striatopallidal Output Projections
Authors: He Yan , Li Yan , Pu Zhilan , Chen Mozi , Gao Ying , Chen Li , Ruan Yang , Pan Xinran , Zhou Yuling , Ge Yuanyuan , Zhou Jianhong , Zheng Wu , Huang Zhili , Li Zhihui , Chen Jiang-Fan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The striatopallidal pathway is specialized for control of motor and motivational behaviors, but its causal role in striatal control of instrumental learning remains undefined (partly due to the confounding motor effects). Here, we leveraged the transient and “time-locked” optogenetic manipulations with the reward delivery to minimize motor confounding effect, to better define the striatopallidal control of instrumental behaviors. Optogenetic (Arch) silencing of the striatopallidal pathway in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) promoted goal-directed and habitual behaviors, respectively, without affecting acquisition of instrumental behaviors, indicating striatopallidal pathway suppression of instrumental behaviors under physiological condition. Conversely, striatopallidal pathway activation mainly affected the acquisition of instrumental behaviors with the acquisition suppression achieved by either optogenetic (ChR2) or chemicogenetic (hM3q) activation, by strong (10 mW, but not weak 1 mW) optogenetic activation, by the time-locked (but not random) optogenetic activation with the reward and by the DMS (but not DLS) striatopallidal pathway. Lastly, striatopallidal pathway modulated instrumental behaviors through striatopallidal output projections into the external globus pallidus (GPe) since optogenetic activation of the striatopallidal pathway in the DMS and of the striatopallidal output projections in the GPe similarly suppressed goal-directed behavior. Thus, the striatopallidal pathway confers distinctive and inhibitory controls of animal’s sensitivity to goal-directed valuation and acquisition of instrumental behaviors under normal and over-activation conditions, through the output projections into GPe.
Industrial Policy in China: The Planned Growth of Specialised Towns in Guangdong Province
Authors: Barbieri Elisa , Di Tommaso Marco R , Pollio Chiara , Rubini Lauretta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe analyse one of the most important policy experiences for industrial clustering in Southern China—the Specialised Towns programme—that has transformed some Chinese clusters into the backbone of global production chains. We offer a long-term, detailed overview of the policy programme and of Guangdong’s specialised towns, classifying them as endogenous or exogenous according to their features, and investigate their contribution to local growth and rebalancing. This analysis of the Specialised Towns programme contributes to the international debate on revisiting industrial policy and suggests that the discussion should conceive them as articulated processes to reach long-term societal objectives.
Persistent confirmed low-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus is a risk factor for progression to high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in a US Veterans cohort
Authors: Song K Y , Henn A J , Gravely A A , Mesa H , Sultan S , Shaheen N J , Shaukat A , Hanson B J 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARY
Patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) and low-grade dysplasia (LGD) are at increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), although many regress to nondysplastic BE. This has significant clinical importance for patients being considered for endoscopic eradication therapy. Our aim is to determine the risk for progression in patients with confirmed persistent LGD.
We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients with BE and confirmed LGD between 2006 and 2016. Confirmed LGD was defined as LGD diagnosed by consensus conference with an expert GI pathologist or review by an expert GI pathologist and persistence as LGD present on subsequent endoscopic biopsy. The primary outcome was the incidence rate of HGD (high-grade dysplasia)/EAC. Secondary outcomes included risk factors for dysplastic progression. Risk factors for progression were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression.
Of 69 patients (mean age 65.2 years) with confirmed LGD were included. In total, 16 of 69 patients (23.2%) with LGD developed HGD/EAC during a median follow-up of 3.74 years (IQR, 1.24–5.45). For persistent confirmed LGD, the rate was 6.44 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.61–13.40) compared to 2.61 cases per 100 patient-years (95% CI, 0.83–6.30) for nonpersistent LGD. Persistent LGD was found in only 29% of patients. Persistent LGD was an independent risk factor for the development of HGD/EAC (OR 4.18; [95% CI, 1.03–17.1]).
Persistent confirmed LGD, present in only 1/3 of patients, was an independent risk factor for the development of HGD/EAC. Persistence LGD may be useful in decision making regarding the management of BE.
The Effect of Seasonal Humidity on Survival and Duration of Dormancy on Diverging Mexican Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations Inhabiting Different Environments
Authors: Rull Juan , Lasa Rodrigo , Aluja Martin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhytophagous insects synchronize emergence with plant phenology by engaging in dormancy during periods of host scarcity and environmental stress. Regulation of dormancy is achieved through response to seasonal cues. While temperature and photoperiod are important cues in temperate latitudes, seasonal humidity, such as the onset of rains, can be a reliable cue to for synchronization of emergence and affects survival of overwintering insects. We compared response of Mexican Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations inhabiting subtropical environments differing in humidity patterns, to seasonal humidity regimes. Both populations emerged as adults in high proportions and suffered lower mortality under humidity regimes ending with a humid summer, but the effect was more pronounced for the Eje Volcanico Trans Mexicano (EVTM) population, which inhabits a dryer environment and undergoes longer dormancy. While there were no differences among pupae from the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO) in percent of non-emerged pupae surviving and engaging in prolonged dormancy after a year, EVTM pupae exposed to an initial humid period engaged in prolonged dormancy in higher proportions than those exposed to other regimes. Seasonal humidity had little effect on the duration of dormancy, but EVTM pupae exposed to consecutive dry periods took longer to emerge than those exposed to other regimes. Our results suggest that rather than being used as a token stimulus, humidity affected survival of overwintering R. pomonella, especially at the end of dormancy when energy reserves are depleted and there is an increase in metabolic rate that renders EVTM pupae more susceptible to desiccation.
A case series: alternative access for refractory shock during cardiac arrest
Authors: Cui Charles Q , Cook Bryon S , Cauchi Matthew P , Foerst Jason R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
In patients with iliofemoral arterial disease, transcaval and percutaneous axillary artery access are safe alternatives for delivery of transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis. In the setting of cardiac arrest, arterial access is crucial for delivery of mechanical circulatory support devices such as an Impella CP® or cannulation for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECMO). We report the use of transcaval and axillary artery access in three cases of cardiac arrest in which the emergent placement of an Impella CP® (Abiomed, Danvers, MA, USA) or cannulation for ECMO was instrumental in resuscitation from refractory cardiac arrest.

Case summary
The first patient is a 59-year-old woman who developed ventricular fibrillation arrest after percutaneous intervention with emergent placement of a transcaval Impella CP®. In the second case, a 67-year-old man with coronary vasospasm developed cardiac arrest with an axillary artery Impella CP® placed. The third case highlights a 67-year-old man who developed cardiac arrest 1 day after unsuccessful chronic total occlusion repair requiring ECMO cannulation to his axillary artery. All three patients achieved spontaneous circulation after placement of assist devices.

Discussion
To our knowledge, a case report of transcaval or percutaneous axillary artery access for Impella CP® during cardiac arrest has not been published. While the long-term prognosis following cardiac arrest is poor, younger patients deserve every chance for survival with rapid cardiopulmonary support by alternative access if necessary. Advanced large bore alternative access techniques should be learned by all interventional operators.
Diversity of tryptophan halogenases in sponges of the genus Aplysina
Authors: Gutleben Johanna , Koehorst Jasper J , McPherson Kyle , Pomponi Shirley , Wijffels René H , Smidt Hauke , Sipkema Detmer 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMarine sponges are a prolific source of novel enzymes with promising biotechnological potential. Especially halogenases, which are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of brominated and chlorinated secondary metabolites, possess interesting properties towards the production of pharmaceuticals that are often halogenated. In this study we used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based screening to simultaneously examine and compare the richness and diversity of putative tryptophan halogenase protein sequences and bacterial community structures of six Aplysina species from the Mediterranean and Caribbean seas. At the phylum level, bacterial community composition was similar amongst all investigated species and predominated by Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Proteobacteria. We detected four phylogenetically diverse clades of putative tryptophan halogenase protein sequences, which were only distantly related to previously reported halogenases. The Mediterranean species Aplysina aerophoba harbored unique halogenase sequences, of which the most predominant was related to a sponge-associated Psychrobacter-derived sequence. In contrast, the Caribbean species shared numerous novel halogenase sequence variants and exhibited a highly similar bacterial community composition at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level. Correlations of relative abundances of halogenases with those of bacterial taxa suggest that prominent sponge symbiotic bacteria, including Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria, are putative producers of the detected enzymes and may thus contribute to the chemical defense of their host.
Differential Effects of Rapamycin on Glucose Metabolism in Nine Inbred Strains
Authors: Reifsnyder Peter C , Te Austen , Harrison David E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Studies in mice suggest that rapamycin has a negative impact on glucose homeostasis by inducing insulin resistance. However, results have been inconsistent and difficult to assess because the strains, methods of treatment, and analysis vary among studies. Using a consistent protocol, we surveyed nine inbred strains of mice for the effect of rapamycin on various aspects of glucose metabolism. Across all strains, rapamycin significantly delayed glucose clearance after challenge. However, rapamycin showed no main effect on systemic insulin sensitivity. Analysis of individual strains shows that rapamycin induced higher glucose values at 15 minutes post-challenge in 7/9 strains. However, only three strains show rapamycin-induced reduction in glucose clearance from 15 to 120 minutes. Although pancreatic insulin content was reduced by rapamycin in seven strains, none showed reduced serum insulin values. Although one strain showed no effects of rapamycin on glucose metabolism (129), another showed increased systemic insulin sensitivity (B6). We suggest that rapamycin likely inhibits insulin production and secretion in most strains while having strain-specific effects on glucose clearance without altering systemic insulin sensitivity. This strain survey indicates that genetic differences greatly influence the metabolic response to rapamycin.
Are We Approaching a Biological Limit to Human Longevity?
Authors: Gavrilova Natalia S , Gavrilov Leonid A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Until recently human longevity records continued to grow in history, with no indication of approaching a hypothetical longevity limit. Also, earlier studies found that age-specific death rates cease to increase at advanced ages (mortality plateau) suggesting the absence of fixed limit to longevity too. In this study, we reexamine both claims with more recent and reliable data on supercentenarians (persons aged 110 years and older). We found that despite a dramatic historical increase in the number of supercentenarians, further growth of human longevity records in subsequent birth cohorts slowed down significantly and almost stopped for those born after 1879. We also found an exponential acceleration of age-specific death rates for persons older than 113 years in more recent data. Slowing down the historical progress in maximum reported age at death and accelerated growth of age-specific death rates after age 113 years in recent birth cohorts may indicate the need for more conservative estimates for future longevity records unless a scientific breakthrough in delaying aging would happen. The hypothesis of approaching a biological limit to human longevity has received some empirical support and it deserves further study and testing.
Ambient noise tomography of the southern sector of the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain
Authors: Acevedo Jorge , Fernández-Viejo Gabriela , Llana-Fúnez Sergio , López-Fernández Carlos , Olona Javier 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYThis study presents the first detailed analysis of ambient noise tomography in an area of the continental upper crust in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain), where a confluence of crustal scale faults occurs at depth. Ambient noise data from two different seismic networks have been analysed. In one side, a 10-short-period station network was set recording continuously for 19 months. A second set of data from 13 broad-band stations was used to extend at depth the models. The phase cross-correlation processing technique was used to compute in total more than 34 000 cross-correlations from 123 station pairs. The empirical Green's functions were obtained by applying the time–frequency, phase-weighted stacking methodology and provided the emergence of Rayleigh waves. After measuring group velocities, Rayleigh-wave group velocity tomographic maps were computed at different periods and then they were inverted in order to calculate S-wave velocities as a function of depth, reaching the first 12 km of the crust.The results show that shallow velocity patterns are dominated by geological features that can be observed at the surface, particularly bedding and/or lithology and fracturing associated with faults. In contrast, velocity patterns below 4 km depth seem to be segmented by large structures, which show a velocity reduction along fault zones. The best example is the visualization in the tomography of the frontal thrust of the Cantabrian Mountains at depth, which places higher velocity Palaeozoic rocks over Cenozoic sediments of the foreland Duero basin. One of the major findings in the tomographic images is the reduction of seismic velocities above the area in the crust where one seismicity cluster is nucleated within the otherwise quiet seismic area of the range. The noise tomography reveals itself as a valuable technique to identify shear zones associated with crustal scale fractures and hence, lower strain areas favourable to seismicity.