bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aboriginal experiences of cancer and care coordination: Lessons from the Cancer Data and Aboriginal Disparities (CanDAD) narratives
Authors: Reilly Rachel , Micklem Jasmine , Yerrell Paul , Banham David , Morey Kim , Stajic Janet , Eckert Marion , Lawrence Monica , Stewart Harold B. , Brown Alex ,   the other CanDAD Investigators and the CanDAD Aboriginal Community Reference Group
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAboriginal people with cancer experience worse outcomes than other Australians for a range of complex and interrelated reasons. A younger age at diagnosis, higher likelihood of more advanced cancer or cancer type with poorer prognosis, geographic isolation and cultural and language diversity mean that patient pathways are potentially more complex for Aboriginal people with cancer. In addition, variation in the quality and acceptability of care may influence cancer outcomes.ObjectiveThis study sought to understand how care coordination influences Aboriginal people's experiences of cancer treatment.MethodsInterviews with 29 Aboriginal patients or cancer survivors, 11 carers and 22 service providers were carried out. Interviews were semi‐structured and sought to elicit experiences of cancer and the health‐care system. The manifest content of the cancer narratives was entered onto a cancer pathway mapping tool and underlying themes were identified inductively.ResultsThe practice of cancer care coordination was found to address the needs of Aboriginal patients and their families/carers in 4 main areas: “navigating the health system”; “information and communication”; “things to manage at home”; and “cultural safety”.ConclusionsThe CanDAD findings indicate that, when the need for cancer care coordination is met, it facilitated continuity of care in a range of ways that may potentially improve cancer outcomes. However, the need remains unmet for many. Findings support the importance of dedicated care coordination to enable Aboriginal people to receive adequate and appropriate patient‐centred care, so that the unacceptable disparity in cancer outcomes between Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people can be addressed.
Breastfeeding and growth during infancy among offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Gunderson E. P. , Greenspan L. C. , Faith M. S. , Hurston S. R. , Quesenberry C. P. ,   on behalf of the SWIFT Offspring Study Investigators
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundBreastfeeding (BF) may protect against obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children exposed to maternal diabetes in utero, but its effects on infant growth among this high‐risk group have rarely been evaluated.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate BF intensity and duration in relation to infant growth from birth through 12 months among offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsProspective cohort of 464 GDM mother‐infant dyads (28% White, 36% Hispanic, 26% Asian, 8% Black, 2% other). Weight and length measured at birth, 6–9 weeks, 6 months and 12 months. Categorized as intensive BF or formula feeding (FF) groups at 6–9 weeks (study baseline), and intensity from birth through 12 months as Group 1: consistent exclusive/mostly FF, Group 2: transition from BF to FF within 3–9 months and Group 3: consistent exclusive/mostly BF. Multivariable mixed linear regression models estimated adjusted mean (95% confidence interval) change in z‐scores; weight‐for‐length (WLZ), weight‐for‐age and length‐for‐age.ResultsCompared with intensive BF at 6–9 weeks, FF showed greater increases in WLZ‐scores from 6 to 9 weeks to 6 months [+0.38 (0.13 to 0.62) vs. +0.02 (−0.15 to 0.19); p = 0.02] and birth to 12 months [+1.11 (0.87 to 1.34) vs. +0.53 (0.37 to 0.69); p < 0.001]. For 12‐month intensity and duration, Groups 2 and 3 had smaller WLZ‐score increases than Group 1 from 6 to 9 weeks to 6 months [−0.05 (−0.27 to 0.18) and +0.07 (−0.19 to 0.23) vs. +0.40 (0.15 to 0.64); p = 0.01 and 0.07], and birth to 12 months [+0.60 (0.39 to 0.82) and +0.59 (0.33 to 0.85) vs. +0.97 (0.75 to 1.19); p < 0.05].ConclusionsAmong offspring of mothers with GDM, high intensity BF from birth through 1 year is associated with slower infant ponderal growth and lower weight gain.
Inflammatory bowel disease and immunonutrition: novel therapeutic approaches through modulation of diet and the gut microbiome
Authors: Celiberto Larissa S. , Graef Franziska A. , Healey Genelle R. , Bosman Else S. , Jacobson Kevan , Sly Laura M. , Vallance Bruce A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, thought to at least in part reflect an aberrant immune response to gut bacteria. IBD is increasing in incidence, particularly in populations that have recently immigrated to western countries. This suggests that environmental factors are involved in its pathogenesis. We hypothesize that the increase in IBD rates might reflect the consumption of an unhealthy Western diet, containing excess calories and lacking in key nutritional factors, such as fibre and vitamin D. Several recent studies have determined that dietary factors can dramatically influence the activation of immune cells and the mediators they release through a process called immunonutrition. Moreover, dietary changes can profoundly affect the balance of beneficial versus pathogenic bacteria in the gut. This microbial imbalance can alter levels of microbiota‐derived metabolites that in turn can influence innate and adaptive intestinal immune responses. If the diet–gut microbiome disease axis does indeed underpin much of the ‘western’ influence on the onset and progression of IBD, then tremendous opportunity exists for therapeutic changes in lifestyle, to modulate the gut microbiome and to correct immune imbalances in individuals with IBD. This review highlights four such therapeutic strategies – probiotics, prebiotics, vitamin D and caloric restriction – that have the potential to improve and add to current IBD treatment regimens.
Time Together: A nursing intervention in psychiatric inpatient care: Feasibility and effects
Authors: Molin Jenny , Lindgren Britt‐Marie , Graneheim Ulla Hällgren , Ringnér Anders 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe facilitation of quality time between patients and staff in psychiatric inpatient care is useful to promote recovery and reduce stress experienced by staff. However, interventions are reported to be complex to implement and are poorly described in the literature. This multisite study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effects of the nursing intervention Time Together, using mixed methods. Data consisted of notes from participant observations and logs to evaluate feasibility, and questionnaires to evaluate effects. The primary outcome for patients was quality of interactions, and for staff, it was perceived stress. The secondary outcome for patients was anxiety and depression symptom levels, and for staff, it was stress of conscience. Data were analysed using visual analysis, percentage of nonoverlapping data, and qualitative content analysis. The results showed that Time Together was a feasible intervention, but measurements showed no effects on the two patient outcomes: quality of interactions and anxiety and depressive symptoms and, questionable effects on perceived stress and stress of conscience among staff. Shared responsibility, a friendly approach, and a predictable structure enabled Time Together, while a distant approach and an unpredictable structure hindered the intervention. In conclusion, the intervention proved to be feasible with potential to enable quality interactions between patients and staff using the enabling factors as supportive components. It also had some effects on perceived stress and stress of conscience among staff. Further evaluation is needed to build on the evidence for the intervention.
Contribution and interaction of the low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and triglyceride to diabetes in hypertensive patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hong Mengyang , Ling Yan , Lu Zhiqiang , Liu Ying , Gu Ping , Shao Jiaqing , Gao Xin , Li Xiaomu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionHypertension is one of the most significant risk factors for diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of lipid profiles, including the ratio of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C)‐to‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and triglyceride (TG) levels, as well as their interactions, with type 2 diabetes in hypertensive patients.Materials and MethodsHypertensive patients without a history of diabetes and hypolipidemic agents were enrolled continuously at the Hypertension Clinic, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Shanghai, China) from 2014 to 2016. General clinical data, including body mass index, blood pressure, fasting glucose and 2‐h post‐load glucose levels, and lipid profiles, were collected. The LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio, TG/HDL‐C ratio and TC/HDL‐C ratio were separately calculated. Statistical analyses were carried out by using SPSS software (version 13.0).ResultsIn total, 935 hypertensive patients were included, of which 114 patients (12.2%) were diagnosed with diabetes. After multivariate adjustments, the LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio and TG levels had the most significant and independent associations with diabetes. In the multivariate logistic regression, the LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio and TG were independently associated with diabetes. After the interaction variable was included, the LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio remained independently associated with diabetes, but TG was replaced by TG*LDL‐C/HDL‐C.ConclusionsIn conclusion, elevated LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratios and TG levels were associated with diabetes in patients with hypertension, with an interactive effect of the LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio and TG on diabetes in the hypertensive population.
Adapting evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines at university teaching hospitals: A model for the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Amer Yasser S. , Wahabi Hayfaa A. , Abou Elkheir Manal M. , Bawazeer Ghada A. , Iqbal Shaikh M. , Titi Maher A. , Ekhzaimy Aishah , Alswat Khalid A. , Alzeidan Rasmieh A. , Al‐Ansary Lubna A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesClinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are significant tools for evidence‐based health care quality improvement. The CPG program at King Saud University was launched as a quality improvement program to fulfil the international accreditation standards. This program was a collaboration between the Research Chair for Evidence‐Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation and the Quality Management Department. This study aims to develop a fast‐track method for adaptation of evidence‐based CPGs and describe results of the program.MethodsTwenty‐two clinical departments participated in the program. Following a CPGs awareness week directed to all health care professionals (HCPs), 22 teams were trained to set priorities, search, screen, assess, select, and customize the best available CPGs. The teams were technically supported by the program's CPG advisors. To address the local health care context, a modified version of the ADAPTE was used where recommendations were either accepted or rejected but not changed. A strict peer‐review process for clinical content and methodology was employed.ResultsIn addition to raising awareness and building capacity, 35 CPGs were approved for implementation by March 2018. These CPGs were integrated with other existing projects such as accreditation, electronic medical records, performance management, and training and education. Preliminary implementation audits suggest a positive impact on patient outcomes. Leadership commitment was a strength, but the high turnover of the team members required frequent and extensive training for HCPs.ConclusionThis model for CPG adaptation represents a quick, practical, economical method with a sense of ownership by staff. Using this modified version can be replicated in other countries to assess its validity.
Examining the influence of social‐environmental variables on self‐injurious behaviour in adolescent boys with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Hall S. S. , Hustyi K. M. , Barnett R. P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common known inherited form of intellectual disability, are at increased risk for showing specific forms of self‐injurious behaviour (SIB) such as hand biting and head hitting, suggesting that biological factors associated with the syndrome confers increased risk for SIB. Few studies, however, have examined the extent to which social‐environmental variables can influence the occurrence of these behaviours in this population.MethodTwenty‐two adolescent boys with FXS, aged 10 to 18 years were systematically exposed to seven environmental conditions in functional analyses of SIB conducted over 2 days at our research centre.ResultsFourteen (63.6%) boys with FXS engaged in SIB during the functional analyses. Ten (45.5%) boys engaged in SIB that was maintained by social‐environmental variables, that is, gaining access to attention/tangibles and/or escaping from social interaction, task demands and/or transition demands. For two boys, SIB was undifferentiated across conditions, and for two boys, SIB appeared to be maintained by automatic reinforcement.ConclusionsSocial‐environmental variables appeared to maintain SIB in a significant proportion of boys with FXS. Given that pharmacological treatments for SIB have limited efficacy in this population, the potential role of social‐environmental factors on SIB should be examined before pharmacological treatments are implemented for these behaviours.
Uremic encephalopathy in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): A case report and a brief review of the veterinary literature
Authors: Mustonen Allison , Gonzalez Olga , Mendoza Elda , Kumar Shyamesh , Dick Edward J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundUremic encephalopathy is uncommon yet is one of the most severe complications of renal failure. We present a case of acute renal failure and associated cerebral and vascular lesions consistent with uremic encephalopathy in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).MethodsA 14‐year‐old, female, specific‐pathogen‐free rhesus macaque presented in lateral recumbency, obtunded, severely dehydrated, and hypothermic, with severe azotemia, mild hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, increased anion gap, and hypercholesterolemia. Due to poor prognosis, the animal was euthanized and a complete necropsy was conducted.ResultsThe animal had diffuse proximal renal tubular epithelial necrosis and loss; regeneration of tubular epithelium was not observed. There was bilateral necrosis and loss of neurons and glial cells in the hippocampus and deep cerebral cortex with edema and multifocal areas of hemorrhage.ConclusionWe present the first reported case of uremic encephalopathy in a rhesus macaque and describe the associated cerebral and vascular lesions.
A comparison between the semen and sperm parameters from the captive‐bred Vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) and Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: de Villiers Charon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt is generally accepted that non‐human primates (NHP) represent the model of choice for integrative studies of testicular function and endocrine control. However, there are many species‐specific differences that necessitate identification prior to the selection of an appropriate model for these studies. In an NHP breeding facility, this opportunity of selection is usually presented during breeding periods when it is crucial to determine which individuals should be maintained as breeders. With reference to adult males and their use in breeding programs and reproductive studies, it is therefore imperative to document the normal semen and sperm values, expected seasonal changes and the variabilities found within samples and among individuals. The comparison of closely related species that differ by breeding seasonality will, therefore, highlight their value in reproductive research.MethodsSemen samples were obtained by rectal probe electroejaculation (RPE). The seminal and sperm characteristics of captive‐bred Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) (n = 10) and Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) (n = 10) were evaluated and compared. Parameters such as semen volume, pH, sperm concentration, and sperm motility were analyzed by means of a computer‐aided sperm analysis (CASA) system.ResultsLarge variations in semen and sperm parameter values indicated differences between species and samples. Monthly variations were observed for the Vervet regardless of breeding and conceptions that occurred throughout the year. In contrast, Rhesus seminal characteristics indicated a clear seasonal trend.ConclusionNon‐human primates have long provided as research models for studying complexities of human reproductive biology. The baseline values reported from this study can be applied as guidelines during the selection of male individuals for reproductive studies. Of further interest is the comparative data on semen and sperm parameters between two congeneric species that differ by seasonal versus aseasonal breeding.
PAI‐1, CAIX, and VEGFA expressions as prognosis markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Peterle Gabriela Tonini , Maia Lucas Lima , Trivilin Leonardo Oliveira , de Oliveira Mayara Mota , dos Santos Joaquim Gasparini , Mendes Suzanny Oliveira , Stur Elaine , Agostini Lidiane Pignaton , Rocha Lília Alves , Moysés Raquel Ajub , Cury Patrícia Maluf , Nunes Fábio Daumas , Louro Iúri Drumond , dos Santos Marcelo , da Silva Adriana Madeira Álvares 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundIn oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the HIF‐1 complex promotes the expression of genes involved in specific mechanisms of cell survival under hypoxic conditions, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). The study aimed to investigate the presence and prognostic value of PAI‐1, CAIX, and VEGFA in OSCC.Materials and MethodsImmunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expressions of these proteins in 52 tumoral tissue samples of patients with OSCC, surgically treated and followed by a minimum of 24 months after surgery. The correlations between protein expressions and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were analyzed.ResultsPositive PAI‐1 membrane expression was significantly associated with local disease relapse (P = .027). Multivariate analysis revealed that the positive PAI‐1 membrane expression is an independent marker for local disease relapse, with approximately 14‐fold increased risk when compared to negative expression (OR = 14.49; CI = 1.40‐150.01, P = .025). Strong PAI‐1 cytoplasmic expression was significantly associated with the less differentiation grade (P = .027). Strong CAIX membrane expression was significantly associated with local disease‐free survival (P = .038). Positive CAIX cytoplasmic expression was significantly associated with lymph node affected (P = .025) and with disease‐specific survival (P = .022). Multivariate analysis revealed that the positive CAIX cytoplasmic expression is an independent risk factor for disease‐related death, increasing their risk approximately 3‐fold when compared to negative expression (HR = 2.84; CI = 1.02‐7.87, P = .045). Positive VEGFA cytoplasmic expression was significantly associated with less differentiation grade (P = .035).ConclusionOur results suggest a potential role for these expressions profiles as tumor prognostic markers in OSCC patients.
Pathological categorization of the stem‐pitting and mild strains Citrus tristeza virus in Taiwan and their genomic analysis
Authors: Lin Chun‐Yi , Chen Ying‐Hua , Wu Meng‐Ling , Su Hong‐Ji , Hung Ting‐Hsuan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCitrus tristeza virus (CTV), the causal agent of tristeza disease, causes the devastating diseases worldwide. In Taiwan, complex cultivars and long‐term infection by CTV result in more than 90% of infected citrus trees, but local strain identification and classification are still incomplete. Here, six CTV strains were categorized by grafting onto eight citrus cultivars and the pathological characteristics of the stem‐pitting mild strains were identified. After 6 months of inoculation, the pummelo stem‐pitting severe strain (CTV‐Pum/SP/T1) only caused severe symptoms in Wentan pummelo (WP) and the mild strain (CTV‐Pum/M/T5) was symptomless in every cultivar; the sweet orange (SO) stem‐pitting severe strain (CTV‐SwO/SP/T7) affected SO, WP and Ponkan mandarin (PM), and the mild strain (CTV‐SwO/M/T51) caused no symptoms in SO except for WP; the mandarin stem‐pitting severe strain (CTV‐Man/SP/T46) caused severe impacts in PM, WP and Eureka lemon, whereas the mild strain (CTV‐Man/M/T2) only caused severe stem‐pitting in WP. The full‐length sequencing of both pummelo stem‐pitting strains and phylogenetic analysis revealed that CTV‐Pum/SP/T1 and CTV‐Pum/M/T5 were related to the HA18‐9 and HA16‐5 strains from Hawaii, respectively. Moreover, recombination analysis revealed that TCT repeat sequences existed at open reading frame 1a in both the CTV‐Pum/SP/T1 and the T36 strains from the United States, indicating that the possible evolution relationship between two regions. Furthermore, improved universal and specific primer pairs were designed for more specific, sensitive detection to meet the needs for quarantine and early prevention. The understanding of strain pathogenicity and genomic analysis provided further characterization of each strain and enabled practical challenge inoculation against CTV disease.
Effects of fire and grazing on above‐ground biomass and species diversity in recovering grasslands in northeast China
Authors: Huang Yue , Wang Kelin , Deng Bowen , Sun Xuekai , Zeng De‐Hui 
Published: April 2018

AbstractQuestionsFire and grazing can affect plant communities through different pathways in grasslands. However, little is known about how these disturbances affect plant communities in recovered semi‐arid grasslands. Here we investigated effects of prescribed fire, sheep grazing and their interactions on above‐ground biomass and species diversity in degraded semi‐arid grasslands recovered from cropping agriculture.LocationKeerqin grasslands, northeast China.MethodsA short‐term grazing and burning experiment with split‐plot design was conducted, with burning applied at the main plot level and grazing applied at the subplot level. After 1 year of spring burning and 2 years of grazing by sheep, the above‐ground biomass, species diversity, biomass proportion of plant functional groups and soil resource availability of the grasslands were measured and compared between treatments using a split‐plotANOVAmodel.ResultsOne‐year of spring fire significantly increased above‐ground biomass, while 2 years of grazing by sheep significantly decreased it. Species diversity was reduced by grazing in the burned plots but enhanced by grazing in the unburned plots. Fire significantly increased the biomass percentage of grasses and reduced that of forbs. Fire also changed soil water content and inorganic N concentration, and grazing enhanced light intensity to the soil surface. Moreover, above‐ground biomass was positively related to soil water content and inorganic N concentration under both disturbances. Species diversity had a positive linear relationship with biomass percentage of grasses and a negative relationship with biomass percentage of forbs under sheep grazing.ConclusionsBoth short‐term fire and grazing are important in determining the above‐ground biomass in degraded semi‐arid grasslands, and their effects are opposite. Grazing coupled with fire has negative effects on species diversity. Thus, we advise that fire and grazing should be carefully applied when used in the same management regime to maintain above‐ground biomass and species diversity in managing this grassland ecosystem.