bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in approaches to lesson analysis – alternative tools for the reconstruction of teaching
Authors: Rovio-Johansson Airi 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the variation in methods used to analyse lessons in order to improve teaching and learning.

Design/methodology/approach
It addresses the question of how observations of lessons can be analysed, and what approaches and methods are applicable in the analysis of collected data in lesson and learning studies.

Findings
In lesson studies, the focus of research varies, the content and context of lessons vary and a variety of qualitative methods are applied in the analysis of lessons. Lesson study is proving to be a versatile research approach to the development of the quality of teaching and learning.

Originality/value
This review provides an overview of some qualitative methods of content analysis used as analytic tools in the studies presented in this issue of the journal.
Mobile-distributed seepage monitoring method based on fiber Bragg grating sensing technology
Authors: Chen Jiang , Zheng Junli , Xiong Feng 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe spatial resolution of seepage monitoring methods based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensing technology is limited by the distance between measurement points. Improving the spatial resolution for a given number of measurement points is a prerequisite for popularizing this technology in the seepage monitoring of rockfill dams. The purpose of this paper is to address this problem.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes a mobile-distributed seepage monitoring method based on the FBG-hydrothermal cycling seepage monitoring system. In this method, the positions of the measurement points are changed by freely dragging the FBG sensing cluster within the inner tube of a dual-tube structure, consisting of an inner polytetrafluoroethylene tube and outer polyethylene of raised temperature resistance heating tube.FindingsA seepage velocity calibration test was carried out using the improved monitoring system. The results showed that under a constant seepage velocity, the use of the dual-tube structure enables faster cooling, and the cooling rate accelerates with an increase in the diameter of the inner tube. The use of the dual-tube structure can improve the sensitivity of the seepage evaluation indexζvto the seepage velocity. When the inner diameter increases,ζvbecomes more sensitive to the seepage velocity.Originality/valueA mobile-distributed seepage monitoring method based on FBG sensing technology is proposed in which the FBG sensors are not fixed. Instead, the positions of the measurement points are changed to improve the spatial resolution. Meanwhile, the use of the dual-tube structure in the presented monitoring system can improve its sensitivity.
Origin and Processing Methods Slightly Affect Allergenic Characteristics of Cashew Nuts (Anacardium occidentale)
Authors: Reitsma Marit , Bastiaan‐Net Shanna , Sijbrandij Lutske , de Weert Evelien , Sforza Stefano , Gerth van Wijk Roy , Savelkoul Huub F. J. , de Jong Nicolette W. , Wichers Harry J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe protein content and allergen composition was studied of cashews from 8 different origins (Benin, Brazil, Ghana, India, Ivory Coast, Mozambique, Tanzania, Vietnam), subjected to different in‐shell heat treatments (steamed, fried, drum‐roasted). On 2D electrophoresis, 9 isoforms of Ana o 1, 29 isoforms of Ana o 2 (11 of the acidic subunit, 18 of the basic subunit), and 8 isoforms of the large subunit of Ana o 3 were tentatively identified. Based on 1D and 2D electrophoresis, no difference in allergen content (Ana o 1, 2, 3) was detected between the cashews of different origins (P > 0.5), some small but significant differences were detected in allergen solubility between differently heated cashews. No major differences in N‐ and C‐terminal microheterogeneity of Ana o 3 were detected between cashews of different origins. Between the different heat treatments, no difference was detected in glycation, pepsin digestibility, or IgE binding of the cashew proteins.
Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Strip for Listeria monocytogenes Detection in Food
Authors: Du Xin‐jun , Zang Yu‐xuan , Liu Hai‐bin , Li Ping , Wang Shuo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractListeria monocytogenes is an important food‐borne pathogenic bacterium that causes human disease, resulting in economic losses worldwide. The current detection methods for L. monocytogenes are not well suited for direct field testing because they involve complicated, time‐consuming operations. A simple, efficient method is vital for L. monocytogenes detection. In this study, we combined isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with a lateral flow (LF) strip to rapidly and reliably detect L. monocytogenes. In the presence of biotin‐ and digoxin‐modified primers, RPA produced numerous digoxin‐ and biotin‐attached duplex DNA products. These products were detected on an LF strip via dual immunoreactions (digoxin on the duplex DNA reacted with the anti‐digoxin antibody on the gold nanoparticle (Au‐NP) and the biotin on the duplex DNA captured by the streptavidin on the LF test zone). The accumulation of Au‐NPs produced characteristic bands, enabling the visual detection of L. monocytogenes without instrumentation. This assay could be used to detect L. monocytogenes within 15 min, including DNA amplification with RPA for 10 min at 39 °C and visualization of the amplicons by LF strips for 5 min. Experiments confirmed a detection limit as low as 300 fg of DNA and 1.5 × 101 CFU in pure cultures. Furthermore, RPA‐LF exhibited no cross‐reactions with pathogens. Evaluation of the method with food samples indicated that the detection limit was substantially improved to 1.5 × 10° CFU for the original bacterial content in 25 g/mL samples after enrichment for 6 hr. RPA‐LF can be used as a sensitive and rapid detection technique for L. monocytogenes.Practical ApplicationRecombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) can amplify target DNA at 37 to 42 °C without a thermal cycler. Lateral flow (LF) strips are portable, cheap and easy to operate. RPA combined with LF strips to detect Listeria monocytogenes can be widely used in remote areas.
Composition and Physicochemical Characterization of Fiber‐Rich Food Processing Byproducts
Authors: Masli Maria Dian Pratiwi , Rasco Barbara A. , Ganjyal Girish M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA wide range of fiber‐rich food processing byproducts from various sources have been proposed as value‐added ingredients for producing healthier food products. Characterizing their composition and physicochemical properties is crucial to understand their potential uses. Eight fiber‐rich byproducts from different sources were fractionated into 2 different particle‐size ranges. Different (P ≤ 0.05) proximate composition and physicochemical properties (pasting properties, water‐binding capacity, and oil‐binding capacity) were exhibited by them. These properties enabled hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis to group the byproducts into 3 different clusters by functionality and from this, assigned ingredients in each cluster to a potential end‐uses. Some end use examples include, as a source of fat, protein, sugar, and insoluble fiber; and for uses as a thickening agent, water‐binder, emulsion‐enhancer, and fat‐binder.Practical ApplicationThe data presented in this study can be used by food manufacturers and product developers as the basis for choosing fiber‐rich byproducts for specific applications and assist them in developing specific formulation and processing strategies. This characterization will reduce the time for development of fiber‐rich foods, increasing industrial uses of byproducts, and decreasing food waste.
Postharvest Ultrasound‐Assisted Freeze‐Thaw Pretreatment Improves the Drying Efficiency, Physicochemical Properties, and Macamide Biosynthesis of Maca (Lepidium meyenii)
Authors: Chen Jin‐Jin , Gong Peng‐Fei , Liu Yi‐Lan , Liu Bo‐Yan , Eggert Dawn , Guo Yuan‐Heng , Zhao Ming‐Xia , Zhao Qing‐Sheng , Zhao Bing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA novel technique of ultrasound‐assisted freeze‐thaw pretreatment (UFP) was developed to improve the drying efficiency of maca and bioactive amide synthesis in maca. The optimal UFP conditions are ultrasonic processing 90 min at 30 °C with 6 freeze‐thaw cycles. Samples with freeze‐thaw pretreatment (FP), ultrasound pretreatment (UP), and UFP were prepared for further comparative study. A no pretreatment (NP) sample was included as a control. The results showed that UFP improved the drying efficiency of maca slices, showing the highest effective moisture diffusivity (1.75 × 10−9 m2/s). This result was further supported by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rehydration capacity and protein content of maca slices were improved by UFP. More importantly, contents of bioactive macamides and their biosynthetic precursors were increased in 2.5‐ and 10‐fold, respectively. In conclusion, UFP is an efficient technique to improve drying efficiency, physicochemical properties, and bioactive macamides of maca, which can be applied in the industrial manufacture of maca products.
Whole Tibetan Hull‐Less Barley Exhibit Stronger Effect on Promoting Growth of Genus Bifidobacterium than Refined Barley In Vitro
Authors: Gong Lingxiao , Cao Wenyan , Gao Jie , Wang Jing , Zhang Huijuan , Sun Baoguo , Yin Meng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe gut microbiota has recently become a new route for research at the intersection of diet and human health. The aim of this study was to investigate whether whole Tibetan hull‐less barley (WHB) and refined Tibetan hull‐less barley (RHB) caused differentiation of the fecal microbiota in vitro. The microbiota‐accessible ingredients in the 2 barley samples were studied using an in vitro enzymatic digestion procedure. After in vitro digestion, insoluble dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, proteins, and β‐glucans were 93.2%, 103.4%. 18.8%, and 10.2% higher provided by WHB flour as compared with RHB flour based on the same mass amount. However, due to the significantly higher content of insoluble dietary fiber, WHB digesta had lower percentage contents of fast fermentable substrates including dietary fiber and starch as compared with RHB digesta. The results of Next‐generation sequencing of the bacterial 16SrRNA gene showed that both WHB and RHB fermentation had significantly promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium and inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Dorea, Escherichia, Oscillopira, and Ruminococcus. Moreover, in response to WHB fermentation, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium increased by 78.5% and 92.8% as compared with RHB and fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOs). Both WHB and RHB are good sources of fermentable dietary fiber with the ability to yield high concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as compared to FOs. However, the higher fraction of soluble fiber in RHB digesta increase higher amounts of SCFA compared with WHB digesta. Our findings shed light on the complex interactions of whole cereals with gut microbiota and the possible impact on host health.Practical ApplicationUntil now, only few reports have regarded the impact of in vitro digestion in components of whole grain with complex food matrix. Moreover, our findings shed light on the complex interactions of whole cereals with gut microbiota and the possible impact on host health.
One‐Step and Nondestructive Reduction of Cr(VI) in Pork by High‐Energy Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Ren Jingya , Zhang Guilong , Wang Dongfang , Han Jie , Wu Zhengyan , Cai Dongqing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBecause of the wide use of chromium‐containing feed, much hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) tends to accumulate in pork. In order to decrease the toxicity of Cr(VI)‐containing pork for human beings, high‐energy electron beam (HEEB) irradiation was used to reduce highly toxic Cr(VI) to low toxic trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) in lean, fat, and marbled pork. HEEB irradiation could efficiently and nondestructively reduce both free and adsorbed Cr(VI) in pork, achieving the highest reductive efficiency (RE) of 98.03%. Therein, hydrated electrons (eaq−) and hydrogen radical (•H) generated during the irradiation process probably played key roles in the reduction. The effects of irradiation dose, initial concentration of Cr(VI), pH, temperature, salinity, and oil on the RE were investigated to obtain the optimal reduction conditions, proving the high universality of this approach. This work provides a clean and low‐cost method for removing Cr(VI) from pork, which is important to ensure food safety.Practical ApplicationThis work describes a facile, nondestructive, and clean method for removing Cr(VI) from meat product, which may have a potential application prospect in ensuring food quality and safety.
Effect of Dipping and Vacuum Impregnation Coating Techniques with Alginate Based Coating on Physical Quality Parameters of Cantaloupe Melon
Authors: Senturk Parreidt Tugce , Schmid Markus , Müller Kajetan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEdible coating based on sodium alginate solution was applied to fresh‐cut cantaloupe melon by dipping and vacuum impregnation coating methods. One aim of this work is to produce more technical information concerning these conventional and novel coating processes. For this purpose, the effect of various coating parameters (dipping time, draining time, time length of the vacuum period, vacuum pressure, atmospheric restoration time) with several levels on physical quality parameters (percentage of weight gain, color, and texture) of noncoated and coated samples were determined in order to define adequate coating process parameters to achieve a successful coating application. Additionally, the effects of dipping and vacuum impregnation processes were compared. Both processes improved the firmness of the melon pieces. However, vacuum impregnation application had higher firmness and weight gain results, and had significant effect (P < 0.05) on color (lower luminosity, higher redness, yellowness, and chroma values). Experimental results affirm that vacuum impregnation method can be used successively to improve mechanical and structural properties of food products.Practical ApplicationType of edible coating technique and the parameters used significantly affect the physical quality characteristics of coated food products. The work presented produced more technical information concerning dipping and vacuum impregnation coating techniques, along with evaluating the effects of various coating parameters with several levels. The results revealed that vacuum impregnation technique is a successful coating method; however the effects should be carefully assessed for each product.
Effects of Turbidity, Sediment, and Polyacrylamide on Native Freshwater Mussels
Authors: Buczek Sean B. , Cope W. Gregory , McLaughlin Richard A. , Kwak Thomas J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTurbidity is a ubiquitous pollutant adversely affecting water quality and aquatic life in waterways globally. Anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) is widely used as an effective chemical flocculent to reduce suspended sediment (SS) and turbidity. However, no information exists on the toxicity of PAM‐flocculated sediments to imperiled, but ecologically important, freshwater mussels (Unionidae). Thus, we conducted acute (96 h) and chronic (24 day) laboratory tests with juvenile fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and three exposure conditions (nonflocculated settled sediment, SS, and PAM‐flocculated settled sediment) over a range of turbidity levels (50, 250, 1,250, and 3,500 nephelometric turbidity units). Survival and sublethal endpoints of protein oxidation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and protein concentration were used as measures of toxicity. We found no effect of turbidity levels or exposure condition on mussel survival in acute or chronic tests. However, we found significant reductions in protein concentration, ATP production, and oxidized proteins in mussels acutely exposed to the SS condition, which required water movement to maintain sediment in suspension, indicating responses that are symptoms of physiological stress. Our results suggest anionic PAM applied to reduce SS may minimize adverse effects of short‐term turbidity exposure on juvenile freshwater mussels without eliciting additional lethal or sublethal toxicity.
Correlation of morphological parameters and visual acuity with neurological development in former preterm children aged 4–10 years
Authors: Fieß Achim , Kölb‐Keerl Ruth , Schuster Alexander K. , Knuf Markus , Kirchhof Bernd , Muether Philipp S. , Bauer Jacqueline 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between visual acuity, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL), retinal thickness at the fovea and other factors with the neurologic status of former preterm children.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional hospital based study in a maximum care tertiary centre, detailed anthropometric and ophthalmological data of former preterm children ranging from 4 to 10 years of age with a gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks were assessed. Analyses of the correlation between pRNFL and foveal thickness, as well as visual acuity (VA) parameters at 4–10 years of age, with neurological development were evaluated at 2 years of age by Bayley Scales II of Infant Development, including Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) and Mental Developmental Index (MDI).ResultsData were available for 106 former preterm children. Univariate analysis revealed a correlation between PDI with pRNFL thickness (B = 0.43; p = 0.013), VA (B = −29.2; p < 0.001), GA (B = 2.7; p = 0.002), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP; B = −16.3; p < 0.001) and intraventricular haemorrhages (IVH; B = −22.9; p < 0.001) but not with strabismus or foveal thickness. In the multivariable analysis, the association remained for visual acuity and IVH, but not for pRNFL thickness or ROP. Mental Developmental Index (MDI) was associated with visual acuity (B = −34.3; p = 0.001), GA (B = 2.53; p = 0.02) and IVH (B = −15.4; p = 0.02), the latter also in the multivariable analysis.ConclusionThis study revealed an association between PDI at 2 years of age and lower visual acuity later in childhood. However, there was no correlation between retinal morphology and neurologic outcome in former preterm children after adjusting for several potential confounders.
Children's concepts of childhood and adolescent depression
Authors: Georgakakou‐Koutsonikou Niki , Taylor Emily P. , Williams Joanne M. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundResearch on adolescent Mental Health Literacy (MHL) is rapidly increasing; however, equivalent research in children is lacking. Exploring children's mental health conceptualisations reveals how their knowledge develops and provides the evidence base for the development of mental health education for younger age groups.MethodsA total of 105 children aged 8–9 and 11–12 years were interviewed using a vignette methodology structured according to the model of illness representations, exploring: recognition, causes, consequences, timeline and curability of depression. Age, gender and experience differences were explored.ResultsChildren were able to identify the existence of a psychological difficulty in a depressed peer; however, they struggled to categorise depression as a mental illness or to label depression. Children referred to a variety of causal factors, primarily environmental and interpersonal rather than internal biological causes. Children considered depression to be curable within a short period of 1–2 months and anticipated negative outcomes if left untreated. Older children's concepts were more sophisticated than younger children's. Gender and experience were not associated with depression concepts in this age range.ConclusionsAge trends in children's mental health concepts are evident, in accordance with previous studies. Children from the age of 8–9 years demonstrate detailed concepts of depression. However, mental health educational interventions are needed to target specific gaps and misconceptions in children's understanding.
Estrogen receptor‐β of microglia underlies sexual differentiation of neuronal protection via ginsenosides in mice brain
Authors: Lee Seungyeop , Lee Si‐On , Kim Gyu‐Lee , Rhee Dong‐Kwon 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAimsStreptococcus pneumoniae infection in acute bacterial meningitis can lead to widespread brain damage and mortality. Inflammatory responses by immune cells in the brain are thought to determine the degree of brain injury. Yet, the mechanisms underlying host responses to pneumococcal meningitis are largely unknown. To explore host responses as a potential therapeutic target for preventing brain injury after pneumococcal meningitis.MethodsWe evaluated signaling mechanisms that minimize neuronal damage caused by pneumococcal infection; specifically, we assessed pathways related to neuronal survival after enhancing estrogen receptor‐β (ER‐β) expression using a natural therapeutic substance known as ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3 enhanced ginseng.ResultsTissue damage caused by bacterial infection was reduced in Rb1/Rg3‐treated mice as a result of microglial activation and the inhibition of apoptosis. Furthermore, Rb1 upregulated the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as anti‐apoptotic factors including Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL. Using BV2 microglial cells in vitro, Rb1 treatment inhibited microglial apoptosis in a manner associated with JAK2/STAT5 phosphorylation.ConclusionAfter S. pneumoniae infection in mice, particularly in female mice, Rb1‐containing ginseng increased bacterial clearance and survival. These findings inform our understanding of the host immune response to pneumococcal meningitis.
The max‐intracerebral hemorrhage score predicts long‐term outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Suo Yue , Chen Wei‐Qi , Pan Yue‐Song , Peng Yu‐Jing , Yan Hong‐Yi , Zhao Xing‐Quan , Liu Li‐Ping , Wang Yi‐Long , Liu Gai‐Fen , Wang Yong‐Jun 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAimsLittle is known about the performance of the maximally treated intracerebral hemorrhage (max‐ICH) score in predicting unfavorable long‐term functional outcome and death in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in China. We aimed to validate the performance of the max‐ICH score and compared it with other recognized scores.MethodsWe derived data from the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR). Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Hosmer‐Lemeshow test were used to measure the score performance. We compared the performance of max‐ICH score with six recognized models, including the ICH score, ICH functional outcome score (ICH‐FOS), Essen‐ICH score, modified intracerebral hemorrhage (MICH) score, intracerebral hemorrhage grading scale (ICH‐GS), and functional outcome (FUNC) score.ResultsA total of 2581 patients with spontaneous ICH were enrolled in the study. The max‐ICH score was similar or superior to the six existing scores in predicting long‐term unfavorable functional outcome after ICH with good discrimination (AUC 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81‐0.84) and calibration (Hosmer‐Lemeshow P = 0.19). For predicting death, the AUC of max‐ICH was 0.81 (95% CI 0.79‐0.83).ConclusionsThe easy‐to‐use max‐ICH score is a reliable tool to predict unfavorable long‐term (12‐month) functional outcome and death after intracerebral hemorrhage in the Chinese population.