bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De la « complicité » des imams dans la promotion de l’équité de genre à Mumbai, en Inde
Authors: Mekki-Berrada Abdelwahed , Schensul Stephen L. 
Published: May 2018

Les imams pourraient-ils, sans compromettre leur islamité, se faire les complices-promoteurs de l’équité de genre dans leur communauté et, si oui, comment et à quelles conditions ? C’est ici la question de fond que les auteurs taquinent dans cet article. À l’aide d’une méthode mixte, qualitative et quantitative, nous explorons cette (im)possible « complicité » à Mumbai, en Inde. Il s’agit de l’un des volets d’un programme de recherche plus large portant sur la santé sexuelle et les comportements sexuels à risque dans des quartiers pauvres de Mumbai. Ce programme implique une diversité d’acteurs sociaux, dont des résidentes et résidents, des tradipraticiens, des leaders religieux et des intervenants communautaires d’un quartier où la population est majoritairement musulmane. Considérant l’islam comme une tradition discursive, nous explorons la portée et les limites du volet impliquant les imams dans une recherche-action participative où les résultats préliminaires de la phase recherche, soulignant l’importance de l’équité de genre, ont été soumis, durant la phase action, aux imams qui ont identifié avec les chercheurs des extraits issus des textes canoniques de l’islam qui soient conciliables avec ces résultats. Les messages issus de cette collaboration ont été transmis à la communauté par les imams à travers différents canaux, dont essentiellement les prêches du vendredi rassemblant plusieurs milliers de fidèles masculins. L’article souligne que plusieurs imams ont fait évoluer certains de leurs savoirs et attitudes initialement misogynes (violence conjugale, sexualité maritale pour la satisfaction exclusive des maris) à la suite de leur implication dans la recherche-action participative ; d’autres éléments fortement ancrés dans la culture locale les rendent cependant rétifs au changement. Il n’est pas clair si cette réticence se traduit chez les femmes musulmanes de la communauté en subordination ou en résistance.
Certifier la perte et la souffrance
Authors: Rhani Zakaria 
Published: May 2018

Le processus de réconciliation politique au Maroc s’inscrit dans une histoire récente, marquée surtout par la création, en 2004, d’une Instance d’équité et de réconciliation (IER) dont le rôle est de réparer les victimes de la violence de l’État. L’indemnisation financière globale et la réhabilitation médicale sont les deux aspects concrets de cette politique de réparation dans laquelle la certification médicale prend une valeur évaluative importante. En plus d’être décisive dans l’estimation du préjudice et de sa compatibilité avec la violence endurée, elle est aussi déterminante dans l’évaluation de la nature de la prise en charge psycho-médicale. C’est le rôle assigné à cette expertise médicale dans l’approche de réparation que je souhaite interroger ici. Que dit-elle des procédures de sélection appliquées pour définir les formes réparables de la perte et, partant, la notion même de « victime » ? Que dit-elle de la notion de témoignage, de preuve et de vérité ? Comment ces démarches renseignent-elles, de manière générale, sur les rapports à l’histoire de la violence et à la souffrance des victimes ?
Perinatal specimens ofMaiasaurafrom the Upper Cretaceous of Montana (USA): insights into the early ontogeny of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaurs
Authors: Prieto-Marquez Albert , Guenther Merrilee F. 
Published: May 2018

Perinatal specimens of hadrosaurids discovered in the late 1970’s by field crews from Princeton University were significant in providing evidence of the early ontogenetic stages in North American dinosaurs. These specimens from the Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Two Medicine Formation of Montana consist of over a dozen skeletons referable to the saurolophine hadrosauridMaiasaura peeblesorum, but never fully figured or described. Here, we provide a more complete documentation of the morphology of these specimens, along with an examination of variation during a large span of the development of saurolophine hadrosaurids. Many ontogenetic changes in the available facial and mandibular elements are associated with the progressive elongation of the preorbital region of the skull and mandible. In the postcranium, limb bones change nearly isometrically, with exception of certain elements of the forelimb. Some cranial and postcranial characters commonly used for inferring hadrosaurid phylogenetic relationships remain invariable during the ontogeny ofM. peeblesorum. This indicates that early ontogenetic stages may still provide a limited amount of character information useful for systematics and phylogenetic inference.
Impact of Zika Virus on adult human brain structure and functional organization
Authors: Bido‐Medina Richard , Wirsich Jonathan , Rodríguez Minelly , Oviedo Jairo , Miches Isidro , Bido Pamela , Tusen Luis , Stoeter Peter , Sadaghiani Sepideh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection on brain structure and functional organization of severely affected adult patients with neurological complications that extend beyond Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS)‐like manifestations and include symptoms of the central nervous system (CNS).MethodsIn this first case–control neuroimaging study, we obtained structural and functional magnetic resonance images in nine rare adult patients in the subacute phase, and healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls. ZIKV patients showed atypical descending and rapidly progressing peripheral nervous system (PNS) manifestations, and importantly, additional CNS presentations such as perceptual deficits. Voxel‐based morphometry was utilized to evaluate gray matter volume, and resting state functional connectivity and Network Based Statistics were applied to assess the functional organization of the brain.ResultsGray matter volume was decreased bilaterally in motor areas (supplementary motor cortex, specifically Frontal Eye Fields) and beyond (left inferior frontal sulcus). Additionally, gray matter volume increased in right middle frontal gyrus. Functional connectivity increased in a widespread network within and across temporal lobes.InterpretationWe provide preliminary evidence for a link between ZIKV neurological complications and changes in adult human brain structure and functional organization, comprising both motor‐related regions potentially secondary to prolonged PNS weakness, and nonsomatomotor regions indicative of PNS‐independent alternations. The latter included the temporal lobes, particularly vulnerable in a range of neurological conditions. While future studies into the ZIKV‐related neuroinflammatory mechanisms in adults are urgently needed, this study indicates that ZIKV infection can lead to an impact on the brain.
Adaptive fuzzy FTC design of nonlinear stochastic systems with actuator faults and unmodeled dynamics
Authors: Su Hang , Zhang Weihai 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates an adaptive fuzzy control method for accommodating actuator faults in a class of uncertain stochastic nonlinear systems with both immeasurable states and unmodeled dynamics. The considered faults are modeled as both loss of effectiveness and lock‐in‐place. To deal with the immeasurable states, a novel state observer containing the actuator faults is designed. Combining with the backstepping technique and stochastic small‐gain theorem, an adaptive fuzzy output feedback control method is developed. The presented design scheme can guarantee that the closed‐loop system is input‐to‐state practically stable in probability. Finally, a simulation example is shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
The Exploration of Carrier Behavior in the Inverted Mixed Perovskite Single‐Crystal Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Yuan , Zhang Yu , Sun Junlu , Wang Xiaoge , Sun Junliang , Chen Qi , Pan Caofeng , Zhou Huanping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPerovskite single crystal (PSC) possesses fewer bulk defects than the polycrystalline film counterpart, which has received extensive attention in a number of optoelectronic device applications. But the management of carrier behavior in an efficient solar cell based on PSC is not reported yet. Here, the carrier behavior within the device based on the ITO/NiOx/(FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15/TiO2/Ag structure (FA = CH(NH2)2+, MA = CH3NH3+), in which the mixed PSC is successfully implemented into solar cells for the first time, is investigated. The PSC films with lateral dimension from 500 µm to 2 mm and thickness over tens of micrometers, are obtained through the polydimethylsiloxane‐assisted solvent evaporation method. The highest power conversion efficiency derived from the present device approaches 12.18%. It is revealed that the surface roughness and thickness of PSC, the operation temperature and thickness of transport layers, and the interfaces of transport layers/PSC largely impact the carrier extraction and device performance of the perovskite single‐crystal solar cell (PSCSC). This work indicates that the carrier behavior in the absorber layer and transport layer has large impact on the performance of PSCSCs, while the underlying design rule represents an important step to advance the PSCSCs and other optoelectronic devices.
Tuning Transport and Photoelectric Performance of Monolayer MoS2 Device by E‐Beam Irradiation
Authors: Li Feng , Gao Fei , Xu Minxuan , Liu Xinxin , Zhang Xiankun , Wu Hualin , Qi Junjie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHere, the effect of E‐beam irradiation on the transport properties of the monolayer MoS2 is investigated in situ using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the source drain current is increased under E‐beam irradiation; the current gradually increases to a saturation value with an increase in irradiation time, and the saturation value increases with an increase in E‐beam intensity. After E‐beam irradiation, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that the stoichiometry of MoS2 is modified, while the Raman and PL results reveal that the optical performance of the monolayer MoS2 is not deteriorated. The source–drain current and electron mobility of the MoS2 transistor are reduced by E‐beam irradiation, while the on–off current ratio of the transistor almost unchanges. However, the photoresponse performance, such as the light dark current ratio, response, and release speed of the device are improved. The results are discussed by the creation of defects which vary the injected and trapped charges of the sample by E‐beam irradiation. The results provide a new method to improve the optoelectronic performance of two dimensional (2D) materials devices.
Environment‐Dependent Self‐Assembly of DNA Origami Lattices on Phase‐Separated Lipid Membranes
Authors: Sato Yusuke , Endo Masayuki , Morita Masamune , Takinoue Masahiro , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Murata Satoshi , Nomura Shin‐ichiro M. , Suzuki Yuki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembly of designed nanostructures on a lipid membrane offers a powerful approach for enhancing the functionality of its surface. Here, the environment‐dependent assembly of blunt‐ended DNA origami structures on a phase‐separated lipid‐bilayer membrane consisting of liquid‐disordered (Ld) and solid‐ordered (So) phases is reported. Fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging reveal that DNA origami structures preferentially bind to the So phase. At higher concentrations, blunt‐ended origamis form 2D lattices on the Ld phase through surface‐mediated self‐assembly. In contrast, those adsorbed on the So phase are less mobile and pack into aggregates. However, this situation is changed by adding NaCl. High‐speed AFM imaging reveals the mechanism underlying the NaCl‐induced changes, wherein the lattices on the Ld phase desorb from the surface while the packed aggregates on the So phase reorganize into the lattices. These results indicate that the formation of 2D lattices depends on the phase of the lipids; however, it can be tuned by ionic conditions, enabling us to select the domain on which the lattice is formed. The present results may guide the creation of membrane‐supported DNA nanostructures that self‐assemble into functional states in a lipid phase or ion‐responsive manner.
In Site Growth of Crosslinked Nickel–Cobalt Hydroxides@Carbon Nanotubes Composite for a High‐Performance Hybrid Supercapacitor
Authors: Lv Zijian , Zhong Qin , Bu Yunfei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks materials have shown great potential in energy storage and conversion research, but their poor electrical conductivity and inferior chemical stability limit their applications. Herein, an in situ‐grown crosslinked nickel–cobalt hydroxides@carbon nanotubes composite with a nanosheet‐covered hollow structure is rationally designed and synthesized successfully from ZIF‐67@carbon nanotubes. Different from other studies, the carbon nanotubes in this composite penetrate the hollow structure, and the active nanosheets also grow on the parts protruding from the hollow boxes via this in situ synthetic route. Compare with pure nickel–cobalt hydroxides, the composite exhibits enhanced electroactivity in terms of the specific capacity and cycling performance. In particular, it delivers a high specific capacity of 916.8 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and ≈79.0% of its initial value preserves after 4000 cycles. This facile synthetic approach enables the preparation of crosslinked metal–organic framework materials with the potential to meet the demands of energy storage and conversion devices as well as supercapacitors.
Elucidating Surface and Bulk Emission in 3D Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Lead Bromide Perovskites
Authors: Chi Xiao , Leng Kai , Wu Bo , Shi Dong , Choy Yufong , Chen Zhongxin , Chen Zhihui , Yu Xiaojiang , Yang Ping , Xu Qing‐Hua , Sum Tze Chien , Rusydi Andrivo , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites (HOIP) have emerged in recent years as promising materials for a wide variety of optoelectronic applications. However, the photoluminescence energies in bromide‐based HOIP have been reported to vary in the range from 2.16 to 2.35 eV. The occurrence of surface reconstructions due to uncompensated surface ionic charges may change the photo‐physical properties of the surface regions, but this has not been studied in detail. Herein, by performing angle‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) and spectroscopic ellipsometry of single‐crystal as well as polycrystalline HOIP crystals, the intrinsic excitonic emissions from the surface and bulk regions are clearly identified. It is verified that the high energy PL at 2.31 eV originates from a phase‐modified surface region. The large absorption coefficient of perovskite results in signal depletion of the lower energy PL at 2.16 eV, which originates from the bulk. High resolution synchrotron X‐ray diffraction reveals that air‐exposed HOIP crystals form a multilayer structure consisting of PbBr2, and an interfacial layer of orthorhombic phase, while the bulk crystal remains cubic phase. This study provides the unambiguous identification of a phase‐modified surface region with a larger band gap than the bulk and which dominates the excitonic emission in HOIP crystals.
Multifunctional and Stimuli‐Responsive Magnetic Nanoparticle‐Based Delivery Systems for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yang Hong Yu , Li Yi , Lee Doo Sung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe design and development of a multifunctional and stimuli‐responsive magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)‐based drug delivery system has attracted great interest for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. However, the effective incorporation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles into biomedical systems requires in vitro and in vivo stability, good biocompatibility, high loading efficacy, and controlled drug release. Surface‐functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles created using engineered surface ligands have presented new strategies for the applications of MNP‐based drug delivery systems in cancer imaging and therapy to overcome these obstacles. Moreover, the development and design of stimuli‐responsive ligands has been combined with the engineering of multiple physicochemical features into MNPs to enhance the performance of the MNP‐based delivery system. This review briefly overviews the latest developments in the design of multifunctional and stimuli‐responsive MNP‐based drug delivery systems and summarizes their applications in the diagnostic imaging and treatment of cancer.
Seeded Space‐Limited Crystallization of CH3NH3PbI3 Single‐Crystal Plates for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yue Hong‐Lin , Sung Hsin‐Hung , Chen Fang‐Chung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of certain perovskite single crystals (SCs), including CH3NH3PbI3, through asymmetric crystallization is difficult, mainly because of the large difference in solubility of the precursors and/or the intrinsic nonpreference for growth in a direction along the substrate. Herein, an effective method is reported, seeded space‐limited inverse‐temperature crystallization (SSLITC), for growing CH3NH3PbI3 SC plates having micrometer‐scale diameters. In this process, a seed CH3NH3PbI3 crystal is incorporated within a confined space to promote crystallization. Crystal plates having lateral dimensions of up to 2 mm are grown successfully. These SCs and a polymer conductive glue to fabricate perovskite solar cells on flexible substrates are used. One such device exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency of 96%, a high photocurrent of 22 mA cm−2, and a power conversion efficiency of greater than 4%. In addition, a device prepared without any encapsulation exhibits reasonable stability, suggesting a promising future for SC‐based perovskite solar cells. It is anticipated that the SSLITC method proposed herein could open up new avenues for synthesizing various types of organic/inorganic perovskite SCs for applications in modern electronics.
Effect of Annealing Ferroelectric HfO2 Thin Films: In Situ, High Temperature X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Park Min Hyuk , Chung Ching‐Chang , Schenk Tony , Richter Claudia , Opsomer Karl , Detavernier Christophe , Adelmann Christoph , Jones Jacob L. , Mikolajick Thomas , Schroeder Uwe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe ferroelectricity in fluorite oxides has gained increasing interest due to its promising properties for multiple applications in semiconductor as well as energy devices. The structural origin of the unexpected ferroelectricity is now believed to be the formation of a non‐centrosymmetric orthorhombic phase with the space group of Pca21. However, the factors driving the formation of the ferroelectric phase are still under debate. In this study, to understand the effect of annealing temperature, the crystallization process of doped HfO2 thin films is analyzed using in situ, high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction. The change in phase fractions in a multiphase system accompanied with the unit cell volume increase during annealing could be directly observed from X‐ray diffraction analyses, and the observations give an information toward understanding the effect of annealing temperature on the structure and electrical properties. A strong coupling between the structure and the electrical properties is reconfirmed from this result.
Key Tradeoffs Limiting the Performance of Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Ramirez Ivan , Causa' Martina , Zhong Yufei , Banerji Natalie , Riede Moritz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract2017 saw the publication of several new material systems that challenge the long‐held notion that a driving force is necessary for efficient exciton dissociation in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and that a loss of ≈0.6 eV between the energy of the charge transfer stateEctand the energy corresponding to open circuit is general. In light of these developments, the authors combine insights from device physics and spectroscopy to review the two key tradeoffs limiting OPV performances. These are the tradeoff between the charge carrier generation efficiency and the achievable open circuit voltage (Voc) and the tradeoff between device thickness (light absorption) and fill factor. The emergence of several competitive nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) is exciting for both of these. The authors analyze what makes these materials compare favorably to fullerenes, including the potential role of molecular vibrations, and discuss both design criteria for new molecules and the achievable power conversion efficiencies.
Astrophysical Black Holes: A Compact Pedagogical Review
Authors: Bambi Cosimo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBlack holes are among the most extreme objects that can be found in the Universe and an ideal laboratory for testing fundamental physics. Here, the basic properties of black holes as expected from general relativity, the main astronomical observations, and the leading astrophysical techniques to probe the strong gravity region of these objects are reviewed. The main intention is to provide a compact introductory overview on astrophysical black holes to new students entering this research field, as well as to senior researchers working in general relativity and alternative theories of gravity, who wish to quickly learn the state of the art of astronomical observations of black holes.
Zeitaufgelöst und markerfrei gemessene ligandeninduzierte Konformationsänderungen von HSP90 – hin zu einem Konformationsaktivitätsscreening für die Wirkstoffentwicklung
Authors: Güldenhaupt Jörn , Amaral Marta , Kötting Carsten , Schartner Jonas , Musil Djordje , Frech Matthias , Gerwert Klaus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWährend der frühen Medikamentenentwicklung ist die Untersuchung der Protein‐Liganden‐Wechselwirkungen von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die ATR‐FTIR‐Spektroskopie kann Protein‐Liganden‐Wechselwirkungen markerfrei mit hoher räumlicher und zeitlicher Auflösung detektieren. Wir haben das Hitzeschockprotein HSP90, einen wichtigen molekularen Angriffspunkt für Medikamente, auf einem ATR‐Kristall immobilisiert und mit unserem neuartigen Ansatz eine ligandeninduzierte Sekundärstrukturänderung untersucht. Zwei spezifische Bindungsmodi von 19 Inhibitoren wurden analysiert. Unterschiedliche Bindungsmodi können zu unterschiedlicher Wirksamkeit und Spezifität verschiedener Medikamente führen. Darüber hinaus wurden die kobs‐Werte der Dissoziation der Liganden ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse werden durch Röntgenkristallographie für die Strukturänderung und SPR‐Experimente für die Dissoziationskinetik validiert, wobei unsere Methode sämtliche Daten in einem einzigen und einfachen Experiment liefert.