bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of award‐winning science trade books for children: Who are the scientists, and what is science?
Authors: Kelly Laura Beth 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis manuscript presents a content analysis of 28 picture books from the Outstanding Science Trade Books recognized by the National Science Teachers Association in 2016. Drawing on the need for culturally relevant science instruction, the research investigated the portrayal of scientists in images (gender and racial background), the scientific disciplines, what aspects of the nature of science were represented in the books and where, and the language that described scientific work. Previous work suggested that science trade books do not often portray diverse scientists, the breadth of science, or the nature of science and scientific work. This study examined whether recently published and award‐winning books had these weaknesses. Findings showed that the sample did not show improvement in the diversity of scientific fields or scientists. Most scientists shown in images were white and male, and most books presented life science, often animals. However, the findings also showed that the extent to which books represented the nature of science varied widely. Some books contained no references, and others contained many references to different aspects of the nature of science. The study noted that biographies and books that described in detail the work of scientific teams provided the most nature of science content. Many books also had substantial nature of science content in peritextual material such as author's notes. The study collected and categorized all the verbs used to describe scientific activity and found that these descriptions of scientific activity have a wide scope and show scientists engaging in work ranging from data collection to activism. The article concludes with a recognition of the importance of broad scientific education programs about nature of science; the current children's book market, while offering valuable tools, does not adequately provide resources to teach the diversity of science and scientists.
Daikenchuto prevention of postoperative ileus after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in advanced childhood testicular yolk sac tumor
Authors: Johnin Kazuyoshi , Takahashi Kentaro , Kawauchi Akihiro 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTCaseA 2‐year‐old boy with advanced testicular yolk sac tumor needed adjuvant chemotherapy immediately after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. From postoperative day 1, daikenchuto (DKT) was given transrectally and orally.OutcomeOn postoperative day 7, the patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy without having postoperative ileus. He has been free from disease recurrence for 8 years after completion of the final chemotherapy without developmental or gait disturbance.ConclusionTo prevent postoperative ileus, it is feasible for DKT to be given transrectally and orally even in small children.
Vaginal implant transmitters for continuous body temperature measurement in moose
Authors: Thompson Daniel P. , Crouse John A. , McDonough Thomas J. , Badajos Oriana H. , Adsem Jon , Barboza Perry S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTMeasuring body temperature in free‐ranging ungulates is challenging. We evaluated a vaginal implant transmitter (TVIT) modified to collect continuous body temperature of captive and wild female moose (Alces alces) in Alaska, USA. We deployed TVITs in 18 moose between 2014 and 2016. We manually removed the TVIT after 51–338 days of deployment and sampled vaginal bacterial flora to assess negative effects of TVIT retention. For comparison, we also sampled vaginal flora from moose that did not have a TVIT. Mean bacterial growth scores were greater for moose with a TVIT than representative vaginal swabs from moose without a TVIT. The TVIT adequately collected body temperature measurements; however, the TVIT design could be improved to fit young, nulliparous moose. TVITs can be easily deployed and removed, but are limited by battery life, can only be deployed in adult female moose, and may increase vaginal bacterial concentrations. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Assay Remains Predictive of Cure in Renal Impairment in Patients with Single Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Egan R. J. , Iliff H. , Stechman M. J. , Scott‐Coombes D. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundParathyroid hormone (PTH) has a short half‐life and is cleared by the liver and kidneys. This study examined whether declining estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) affects application of the Miami criterion for intraoperative PTH (ioPTH) decline during parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT).MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoes parathyroidectomy for pHPT. Patients with multi‐gland disease, without ioPTH, failure‐to‐cure and those <18 years were excluded. Baseline demographics, pre‐operative PTH, ioPTH and 6‐month follow‐up data were available. Patients were categorised into normal or chronic kidney disease (CKD stage 2–5) based on pre‐operative eGFR. Nonparametric data were compared using Mann–Whitney U test/Kruskal–Wallis test. The primary outcome measure was to assess whether CKD‐affected ioPTH decline in parathyroidectomy for pHPT.ResultsA total of 476 patients were included [75.4% women; median age 63.8 years (18–92)]. CKD was present in 362 (76%) (CKD2:289; CKD3:66; CKD4/5:7). Increasing CKD stage was associated with advancing age [normal 53 years (41–61); CKD2 65 (57–73); CKD3 73.5 (66–78); CKD4/5 74(63–81); p < 0.001] and higher pre‐operative PTH [16.6 pmol/L (11.1–22.9); 13.1 (10.4–17.7); 22.6 (13.8–33.7); 33.8(12.4–41.7); p < 0.001]. Baseline and post‐excision ioPTH were significantly higher in those with CKD4/5 (p < 0.05). The Miami criterion was met in all patients, but median fall in ioPTH at 10‐min varied between groups [normal:0.78 (0.71–0.82); CKD2:0.76 (0.69–0.83); CKD3:0.75 (0.69–0.82); CKD4/5:0.69 (0.61–0.70); p = 0.048)]. It was significantly lower in those with CKD4/5 compared with the remainder of patients [0.69 (0.61–0.70) vs. 0.76 (0.70–0.82); p = 0.008].ConclusionsAlthough the reduction in ioPTH after successful parathyroidectomy is lower in severe CKD, the Miami criterion remains predictive of cure. Differences in absolute levels of PTH and tumour weight suggest that renal HPT may be a confounding factor.
Understanding Adult Participant and Parent Empowerment Prior to Evaluation in the Undiagnosed Diseases Network
Authors: Palmer Christina G. S. , McConkie‐Rosell Allyn , Holm Ingrid A. , LeBlanc Kimberly , Sinsheimer Janet S. , Briere Lauren C. , Dorrani Naghmeh , Herzog Matthew R. , Lincoln Sharyn , Schoch Kelly , Spillmann Rebecca C. , Brokamp Elly ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe burden of living with an undiagnosed condition is high and includes physical and emotional suffering, frustrations, and uncertainty. For patients and families experiencing these stressors, higher levels of empowerment may be associated with better outcomes. Thus, it is important to understand the experiences of patients with undiagnosed conditions and their families affected by undiagnosed conditions in order to identify strategies for fostering empowerment. In this study, we used the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS‐24) to assess levels of empowerment and support group participation in 35 adult participants and 67 parents of child participants in the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) prior to their UDN in‐person evaluation. Our results revealed significantly lower empowerment scores on the GCOS‐24 in adult participants compared to parents of child participants [t(100) = − 3.01, p = 0.003, average difference = − 11.12, 95% CI (− 3.78, − 18.46)] and no significant association between support group participation and empowerment scores. The majority of participants (84.3%, 86/102) are not currently participating in any support groups, and participation rates were not significantly different for adult participants and parents of child participants (11.4 vs. 19.7%, respectively, FE p = 0.40). Open‐ended responses provided additional insight into support group participation, the challenges of living with undiagnosed conditions, and positive coping strategies. Future research will evaluate the extent to which empowerment scores change as participation in the UDN unfolds.
EXTENDING THE ROTTERDAM DEMAND MODEL TO ANALYZE MARKET PARTICIPATION
Authors: XIE JINGHUA , MYRLAND ØYSTEIN 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe dependent variable in the Rotterdam model is shown to consist of two additive components: the proportionate change in the average product weight consumed by existing buyers and the proportionate change in the share of total consumers who actually purchase the product. Applying the extended model to household data on salmon consumption in France, results suggest prices have a larger effect on attracting new buyers to the product in question than on getting existing buyers to consume more. However, generic advertising was found to affect consumption intensity but have no effect on market participation in the short run.
Slow pace of antileishmanial drug development
Authors: Kumar Awanish , Pandey Satish Chandra , Samant Mukesh 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe protozoan parasiteLeishmaniais endemic in large parts of the world which causes leishmaniasis. Its visceral form is fatal if not treated and is caused mostly byLeishmania donovani,Leishmania infantumandLeishmania chagasi. Given the difficulties linked to vector (sandfly) control and the lack of an effective vaccine, the control of leishmaniasis relies mostly on chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the prevalence of parasites becoming resistant to the first-line drug pentavalent antimony (SbV) is increasing worldwide. Few alternative drugs are available that includes amphotericin B, pentamidine and miltefosine (oral). Already, decreases in efficacy, resistance and toxicity have been noted against these drugs. Dry antileishmanial pipeline further indicates the slow pace of drug discovery in this field where resistance as a major barrier. Full understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of the parasite is lagging. Since leishmaniasis is a neglected disease and occurs predominantly in the developing world largely, therefore, it is unaddressed. The pharma industry argues that development of the new drug is too costly and risky to invest in low return neglected diseases is very high. Research is also needed to identify new and effective drug targets. The lack of drug research and development for neglected diseases will require some new strategies. We have discussed the various cause of slow pace of antileishmanial drug discovery in this review to pay attention of researchers and also take the public and private initiative to make the process fast for new antileishmanial drug development.
The ECtHR's Role as a Guardian of Discourse: Safeguarding a Decision-Making Process Based on Well-Established Standards, Practical Rationality, and Facts
Authors: BAADE BJÖRNSTJERN 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article argues that understanding the role of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR or the Court) to be that of a guardian of discourse would respect legitimate disagreement among pluralist democracies, while enabling the Court to safeguard human rights in a meaningful and effective way.From the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR or the Convention) and the Court's jurisprudence, three basic standards of review can be distilled: First, wherever the Convention's requirements are sufficiently concrete, the Court holds contracting states to well-established standards. Second, when applying broad, abstract and relative Convention rights, the Court safeguards the practical rationality of a democratic decision-making discourse under the rule of law – a substantive review standard that is influenced by procedural factors. Third, the Court also needs to check the facts underlying the case, in order to render its control effective.By setting ‘soft’ precedent in the form of factors that guide future decision-making without entirely prejudging it, and by taking into account second-order reasons concerning its legitimacy to intervene, the Court is acting as a second player in states’ decision-making discourse. Its task is not to replace the institutions originally responsible for taking the decision, but to ensure that they conform to their own role.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of diaphragm paralysis in a neonate during mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery
Authors: Nozaki Yoshihiro , Lin Lisheng , Kato Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDiaphragm excursion method is unsuitable for diagnosis of diaphragm paralysis during positive pressure ventilation. We diagnosed diaphragm paralysis in a neonate, without interrupting positive pressure respiratory support after cardiac surgery, using the diaphragm thickness fraction, which could be evaluated during mechanical ventilation and was unaffected by bowel gases. The diaphragm thickness fraction method can help diagnose diaphragm dysfunction using only echography.
Spanish Version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale: Validation and Factorial Invariance Analysis in Chile
Authors: Bagherzadeh Mehdi , Loewe Nicolas , Mouawad Roy G. , Batista-Foguet Joan Manuel , Araya-Castillo Luis , Thieme Claudio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to: (1) examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Satisfaction with Life scale (SWLS) on a representative sample of the Chilean population (N = 1,500); (2) test the factorial invariance of the SWLS across gender and employment status (henceforth status); and (3) provide normative data of the SWLS for Chile. Results suggest that the Spanish version of the SWLS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring global life satisfaction in Chile and for comparison across gender and status. Confirmatory factor analysis shows support, across all groups, for a modified single-factor structure of the SWLS that allows error terms of items 1 and 2 to correlate (GFI > .98; RMSEA < .08). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranges between .68 and .84 for different groups, with an average value of .80 for the total sample. The SWLS scores converge with an alternative single-item measure of life satisfaction (r = .63, p < .001) and with measures of conceptually related constructs. The factorial structure of the scale is invariant with respect to gender and status (CFI > .99; RMSEA < .06). Metric invariance holds for gender (ΔCFI = 0; RMSEA = .051) and status (Δχ2 = 23.93, nonsignificant; ∆CFI = 0; RMSEA = .045). Scalar invariance holds for gender and some status combinations; partial scalar invariance holds for the rest. Mean levels of life satisfaction can be compared across gender and status, albeit cautiously for status combinations for which scalar invariance does not hold.
Redox metals homeostasis in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a review
Authors: Sheykhansari Sahar , Kozielski Kristen , Bill Joachim , Sitti Metin , Gemmati Donato , Zamboni Paolo , Singh Ajay Vikram 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe effect of redox metals such as iron and copper on multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has been intensively studied. However, the origin of these disorders remains uncertain. This review article critically describes the physiology of redox metals that produce oxidative stress, which in turn leads to cascades of immunomodulatory alteration of neurons in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Iron and copper overload has been well established in motor neurons of these diseases’ lesions. On the other hand, the role of other metals like cadmium participating indirectly in the redox cascade of neurobiological mechanism is less studied. In the second part of this review, we focus on this less conspicuous correlation between cadmium as an inactive-redox metal and multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, providing novel treatment modalities and approaches as future prospects.
Associations between genomic stratification of breast cancer and centrally reviewed tumour pathology in the METABRIC cohort
Authors: Mukherjee A. , Russell R. , Chin Suet-Feung , Liu B. , Rueda O. M. , Ali H. R. , Turashvili G. , Mahler-Araujo B. , Ellis I. O. , Aparicio S. , Caldas C. , Provenzano E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe integration of genomic and transcriptomic profiles of 2000 breast tumours from the METABRIC [Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium] cohort revealed ten subtypes, termed integrative clusters (IntClust/s), characterised by distinct genomic drivers. Central histopathology (N = 1643) review was undertaken to explore the relationship between these ten molecular subtypes and traditional clinicopathological features. IntClust subtypes were significantly associated with histological type, tumour grade, receptor status, and lymphocytic infiltration (p < 0.0001). Lymph node status and Nottingham Prognostic Index [NPI] categories were also significantly associated with IntClust subtype. IntClust 3 was enriched for tubular and lobular carcinomas, the latter largely accounting for the association with CDH1 mutations in this cluster. Mucinous carcinomas were not present in IntClusts 5 or 10, but did not show an association with any of the remaining IntClusts. In contrast, medullary-like cancers were associated with IntClust 10 (15/26). Hormone receptor-positive tumours were scattered across all IntClusts. IntClust 5 was dominated by HER2 positivity (127/151), including both hormone receptor-positive (60/72) and hormone receptor-negative tumours (67/77). Triple-negative tumours comprised the majority of IntClust 10 (132/159) and around a quarter of IntClust 4 (52/217). Whilst the ten IntClust subtypes of breast cancer show characteristic patterns of association with traditional clinicopathological variables, no IntClust can be adequately identified by these variables alone. Hence, the addition of genomic stratification has the potential to enhance the biological relevance of the current clinical evaluation and facilitate genome-guided therapeutic strategies.
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis identifies alternative splicing regulatory network and key splicing factors in mouse and human psoriasis
Authors: Li Jin , Yu Peng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin, nails, and joints. For understanding the mechanism of psoriasis, though, alternative splicing analysis has received relatively little attention in the field. Here, we developed and applied several computational analysis methods to study psoriasis. Using psoriasis mouse and human datasets, our differential alternative splicing analyses detected hundreds of differential alternative splicing changes. Our analysis of conservation revealed many exon-skipping events conserved between mice and humans. In addition, our splicing signature comparison analysis using the psoriasis datasets and our curated splicing factor perturbation RNA-Seq database, SFMetaDB, identified nine candidate splicing factors that may be important in regulating splicing in the psoriasis mouse model dataset. Three of the nine splicing factors were confirmed upon analyzing the human data. Our computational methods have generated predictions for the potential role of splicing in psoriasis. Future experiments on the novel candidates predicted by our computational analysis are expected to provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of psoriasis and to pave the way for new therapeutic treatments.
Habitat degradation alters trophic pathways but not food chain length on shallow Caribbean coral reefs
Authors: Morillo-Velarde Piedad S. , Briones-Fourzán Patricia , Álvarez-Filip Lorenzo , Aguíñiga-García Sergio , Sánchez-González Alberto , Lozano-Álvarez Enrique 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHabitat degradation can affect trophic ecology by differentially affecting specialist and generalist species, and the number and type of interspecific relationships. However, the effects of habitat degradation on the trophic ecology of coral reefs have received limited attention. We compared the trophic structure and food chain length between two shallow Caribbean coral reefs similar in size and close to each other: one dominated by live coral and the other by macroalgae (i.e., degraded). We subjected samples of basal carbon sources (particulate organic matter and algae) and the same 48 species of consumers (invertebrates and fishes) from both reefs to stable isotope analyses, and determined the trophic position of consumers and relative importance of various carbon sources for herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores. We found that both reefs had similar food chain length and trophic structure, but different trophic pathways. On the coral-dominated reef, turf algae and epiphytes were the most important carbon source for all consumer categories, whereas on the degraded reef, particulate organic matter was a major carbon source for carnivores. Our results suggest that the trophic structure of the communities associated with these reefs is robust enough to adjust to conditions of degradation.
Multidimensional impulsivity as a mediator of early life stress and alcohol dependence
Authors: Kim Shin Tae , Hwang Syung Shick , Kim Hae Won , Hwang Eun Hee , Cho Jaeil , Kang Jee In , Kim Se Joo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEarly life stress (ELS) leads to increased susceptibility to serious psychiatric problems such as alcohol dependence, but the mechanisms through which ELS affects alcohol dependence are unclear. We investigated the mediating role of multi-dimensional impulsivity in the associations between ELS and alcohol dependence. 330 male patients with alcohol dependence (mean age = 48.39) completed self-rating scales of ELS and several self-report measures of impulsivity as well as balloon analogue risk task (BART). After classifying different dimensions of impulsivity using factor analysis, structural equation modeling was conducted to test the mediation effects of impulsivity between ELS and alcohol dependence severity and social onset of hazardous drinking. Among the participants, 64.8%, 42.1% and 47.9% reported at least one episode of childhood maltreatment, sexual abuse and parental conflict, respectively. Response impulsivity-sensation seeking, reflection impulsivity and aggression partially mediated the association between ELS and severity of alcohol dependence (CFI = 0.902 and RMSEA = 0.079). Reflection impulsivity dimension partially mediated the association between ELS and social onset of hazardous drinking (CFI = 0.939, RMSEA = 0.091). These finding imply that stabilizing vulnerabilities such as reflection impulsivity via intervention programs that target young individuals with ELS may be helpful in delaying the onset of hazardous drinking and prevent alcohol dependence.
Evolution of joint cooperation under phenotypic variations
Authors: Wu Te , Wang Long , Lee Joseph 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEffects of phenotypic variation on the species-environment systems and the evolution of cooperation under prescribed phenotypic diversity have been well addressed respectively. Interspecies interactions in the context of evolvable phenotypic diversity remain largely unconsidered. We address the evolutionary dynamics by considering evolvable phenotypic variations under group interactions. Each individual carries a capacitor of phenotypes and pays a cost proportional to its volume. A random phenotype from the capacitor is expressed and the population is thus divided into subpopulations. Group interactions happen in each of these subpopulations, respectively. Competition is global. Results show that phenotypic diversity coevolves with cooperation under a wide range of conditions and that tradeoff between expanding capacitor and rising cost leads to an optimal level of phenotypic diversity best promoting cooperation. We also find that evolved high levels of phenotypic diversity can occasionally collapse due to the invasion of defector mutants, suggesting that cooperation and phenotypic diversity can mutually reinforce each other.