bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advancement in metal–organic framework: Synthesis, activation, functionalisation, and bulk production
Authors: Cheong Von Fei , Moh Pak Yan 
Published: May 2018

Metal–organic framework (MOF) is an emerging hybrid material that possesses high surface area, narrow pore size distribution, and tuneable functionality. In recent years, MOF-based materials have been widely studied in various applications such as gas storage, gas separation, heterogeneous catalysis, and drug delivery. However, less emphasis has been placed on the fundamentals of MOF that are crucial to provide scientific knowledge for tailoring MOFs with desirable properties for commercial applications. This review discusses recent advancement in the MOF chemistry, in particular, synthesis, activation, functionalisation, and bulk production of MOFs. This review will be of great interest to the researchers and chemists actively involved in the field of MOFs production. Abbreviations: BBR: Building block replacement; BDC: 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; BET: Brunauer–Emmett–Teller; BTC: 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate; Boc: Tert-butoxycarbonyl; Bpy: 4,4’-bipyridine; CFG: Carboxylic functional group; CTAB: Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide; DABCO: 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; DEF: N, N-diethylformamide; DMF: N, N-dimethylformamide; Dhybdc: 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; [EMIm]Br: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide; FIR: Fujian Institute of Research; H2BDC: 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid; H3BTC: 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid; H4TBAPy: 1,3,6,8-tetrakis( p-benzoic acid)pyrene; HKUST: Hong-Kong University of Science and Technology; ICP-MS: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; ILAG: Ion- and liquid-assisted grinding; Im: Imidazole ; IPA: Isophthalate; IRMOF: Isoreticular metal–organic framework; IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; LAG: Liquid-assisted grinding; LBL: Layer-by-layer; LIB: Lithium-ion battery; mesoMOF: Mesoporous metal–organic framework; MeIm: 2-methyimidazole; MIL: Matériaux de l'Institut Lavoisier; MixMOF: Mixed-linker metal–organic framework; MOF: Metal–organic framework; MTBS: Methyltributylammoniummethylsulfate; NH2BTC: 2-aminobenzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate; NOTT: University of Nottingham; NU: Northwestern University ; PCD: Protection-complexation-deprotection; PCN: Porous coordination network; PCP: Porous coordination polymer; PIM: Polymer of intrinsic microporosity; PSD: Post-synthetic deprotection; PSM: Post-synthetic modification; PXRD: Powder X-ray diffraction; PyCHO: 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde; RH: Relative humidity; SALE: Solvent-assisted linker exchange; SALI: Solvent-assisted ligand incorporation; scCO2: Supercritical carbon dioxide; STEM: Scanning transmission electron microscopy; STY: Space–time yield; TBHP: tert-butyl hydroperoxide; TMU: Tarbiat Modares University; UiO: Universitetet i Oslo; ZIF: Zeolitic imidazolate framework
Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Plasma Concentrations of Chloroquine and Desethyl-chloroquine
Authors: Ippolito Matthew M , Jacobson Jeffrey M , Lederman Michael M , Winterberg Markus , Tarning Joel , Shapiro Theresa A , Flexner Charles 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on chloroquine and desethyl-chloroquine plasma concentrations was evaluated in clinical trial participants. Concentrations did not differ among participants receiving protease inhibitor–based ART (n = 9), efavirenz-based ART (n = 15), or other ART (n = 8) and those not receiving ART (n = 31). Efavirenz seemed to inhibit chloroquine desethylation.
Competing teammates: food in New Zealand sports settings
Authors: Carter Mary-Ann , Signal Louise N , Edwards Richard , Hoek Janet 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite the global popularity of sport, we know surprisingly little about food in sports settings. This two-phased study analysed the foods available in New Zealand sports settings. Phase one included a systematic literature review and 18 interviews with key informants from national and regional sporting organizations. Phase two involved 37 key informant interviews with stakeholders from two exemplar sports, rugby and netball and direct observations at netball and rugby venues. This study found most foods and beverages at New Zealand sports events were energy-dense and nutrient-poor. Caterers’ control over food provision, socio-cultural attitudes which view unhealthy foods as normal, and a dominant profit motive, appear to be the key factors influencing the food environment in sports settings. Food environments in sport settings provide frequent opportunities to purchase and consume energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods. The research shows we have competing players in the sports context—unhealthy food and healthy physical activity. Achieving sustainable healthy change in sports settings will be challenging when the prevailing attitude normalizes the unhealthy environment. Nutrition policies in sports clubs are urgently needed to increase the availability of healthy food. This requires support from health agencies and leadership from national sports organizations. Given the international nature of the food industry and sport, these findings from New Zealand may assist other countries to better understand the nature of food in sport and adopt appropriate interventions to reduce the obesogenic environment that is sport.
Suspected Exposure to Filoviruses Among People Contacting Wildlife in Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Smiley Evans Tierra , Tutaryebwa Leonard , Gilardi Kirsten V , Barry Peter A , Marzi Andrea , Eberhardt Meghan , Ssebide Benard , Cranfield Michael R , Mugisha Obed , Mugisha Emmanuel , Kellermann Scott , Mazet Jonna A K , Johnson Christine K 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Human and filovirus host interactions remain poorly understood in areas where Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks are likely to occur. In the Bwindi region of Uganda, a hot spot of mammalian biodiversity in Africa, human livelihoods are intimately connected with wildlife, creating potential for exposure to filoviruses.

Methods
We tested samples from 331 febrile patients presenting to healthcare facilities near Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and Western blot, using recombinant glycoprotein antigens for Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), and Marburg virus. Behavioral data on contact with wildlife were collected to examine risk factors for filovirus seropositivity.

Results
All patients were negative for active filovirus infection, by PCR analysis. However, patients were seroreactive to SUDV (4.7%), EBOV (5.3%), and BDBV (8.9%), indicating previous exposure. Touching duikers was the most significant risk factor associated with EBOV seropositivity, while hunting primates and touching and/or eating cane rats were significant risk factors for SUDV seropositivity.

Conclusions
People in southwestern Uganda have suspected previous exposure to filoviruses, particularly those with a history of wildlife contact. Circulation of filoviruses in wild animals and subsequent spillover into humans could be more common than previously reported.
Using Birth Cohort Data to Assess the Impact of the UK 2008–2010 Economic Recession on Smoking During Pregnancy
Authors: Uphoff Eleonora P , Small Neil , Pickett Kate E 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the well-known link between stress and smoking, evidence for associations between economic recession, financial stress, and smoking is contradictory. In this study, we assess whether women were more likely to continue smoking during pregnancy if they were exposed to the UK 2008–2010 economic recession during pregnancy than those who were unexposed, and whether this relationship is mediated by financial stress.

Methods
We used cross-sectional data on 2775 pregnant women who were regular smokers before pregnancy and who were enrolled in the UK Born in Bradford cohort study between March 2007 and December 2010. The cutoff date for exposure to recession was set as August 1, 2008, based on local and national economic data. Multivariable logistic regression analysis included potential confounders: maternal age, parity, cohabitation, ethnicity, and maternal age. The mediating role of financial stress was analyzed using “worse off financially” and a “difficult financial situation” as indicators of financial stress in Sobel–Goodman mediation tests with bootstrap resampling.

Results
After taking into account potential confounders, exposure to recession was associated with continued smoking during pregnancy (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.41, p = 0.03). A worse financial situation and a difficult financial situation were identified as mediators, explaining 8.4% and 17.6%, respectively, of the relationship between exposure to recession and smoking during pregnancy.

Conclusions
Smoking during pregnancy is associated with exposure to the UK 2008–2010 economic recession during pregnancy, and this relationship is partly mediated by financial stress.

Implications
Health inequalities in smoking during pregnancy are affected by economic recession, as those who are most likely to smoke are also most likely to experience the financial stress resulting from economic recession. Socioeconomic conditions at the societal and individual level are important targets when aiming to reduce rates of smoking during pregnancy.
Electronic Cigarette and Cigarette Social Environments and Ever Use of Each Product: A Prospective Study of Young Adults in Southern California
Authors: Urman Robert , McConnell Rob , Unger Jennifer B , Cruz Tess B , Samet Jonathan M , Berhane Kiros , Barrington-Trimis Jessica L 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
A supportive youth cigarette social environment, for example, friends’ approval of use, leads to cigarette use initiation, and cigarette users develop a more supportive social environment. Whether there is a bidirectional relationship of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) social environment with e-cigarette use has not been studied.

Methods
Prospective data were collected from 1441 Children’s Health Study participants in 2014 (median age = 17.3 years) and at follow-up 1.5 years later. Associations were examined of (1) supportive e-cigarette social environment with subsequent e-cigarette use initiation and (2) baseline e-cigarette use with supportive e-cigarette social environment at follow-up (among those with a nonsupportive baseline social environment).

Results
Participants with three to four friends using e-cigarettes at baseline (vs. no friends) had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.08 of subsequent initiation (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.96 to 8.49); those with best friends who would have a very friendly (vs. unfriendly) reaction to e-cigarette use had an OR of 2.54 of initiation (95% CI = 1.57 to 4.10); and those with someone in the home using e-cigarettes had an OR of 1.94 of initiation (95% CI = 1.19 to 3.15). Participants who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline developed a supportive social environment at follow-up (OR of 2.06 of having any friends who used e-cigarettes [95% CI = 1.29 to 3.30] and OR of 2.33 of having friends who were friendly toward use [95% CI = 1.32 to 4.11]). Similar bidirectional associations were observed between ever cigarette use and a supportive cigarette social environment.

Conclusions
The bidirectional relationship between a supportive e-cigarette social environment and ever use of e-cigarettes was similar to that previously observed between cigarette social environment and cigarette use.

Implications
Disrupting the social acceptability of youth e-cigarette use merits consideration as a strategy for preventing initiation of e-cigarette use, just as the social denormalization of cigarette use has proven to be effective in preventing cigarette initiation.
Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Associated Factors in Recipients of Solid-Organ Transplantation
Authors: van Adrichem Edwin J , Dekker Rienk , Krijnen Wim P , Verschuuren Erik A M , Dijkstra Pieter U , van der Schans Cees P 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Short-term survival after solid-organ transplantation has substantially improved, and the focus has shifted to long-term survival, including the role of physical activity (PA). Knowledge about PA and sedentary time in recipients of solid-organ transplantation is limited, and identification of the levels and associated factors is necessary for intervention development.

Objective
The objectives of this study were to investigate the level of PA and sedentary time in recipients of solid-organ transplantation and to identify factors associated with these behaviors.

Design
The design consisted of a cross-sectional survey.

Methods
Questionnaires on PA level, sedentary time, and potential associated factors were used for recipients of solid-organ transplantation (kidney, liver, lung, and heart [N = 656]). Multiple regression analyses with a variable selection procedure were used.

Results
Fewer than 60% of the recipients fulfilled the PA guideline. Factors significantly associated with a lower level of PA included being a woman, younger age (nonlinear), not actively working or being retired, physical limitations, and low expectations and self–confidence. Factors significantly associated with less sedentary time included exercise self-efficacy and not actively working or being retired. Significantly associated with more sedentary time were a high education level, fear of negative effects, physical limitations, and the motivator “health and physical outcomes.” The type of transplantation did not significantly influence either of the outcome measures.

Limitations
The design did not allow for causal inferences to be made. The studied associated factors were limited to individual and interpersonal factors. Self-reported measures of PA and sedentary time were used.

Conclusions
In intervention development directed at increasing the level of PA and reducing sedentary time in recipients of solid-organ transplantation, attention should be paid to physical limitations, fear of negative effects, low expectations and self-confidence, health and physical outcomes, and exercise self-efficacy.
Two stage reconstruction of flexor tendon injuries in zone II after missed injury or failed repair
Authors: Abed Yasser Youssef , Nour Khaled Ayman , Ahmed Moheib Saed , El Negery Abed Abd el latif 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Reconstruction of flexor tendon injury of the hand after failed tendon repair or missed injury is a technically challenging problem. Repair of the tendon within the thin tight pulley system usually invites the formation of adhesion and failure of repair. A combination of a technique described by Paneva-Holevich and Hunter has been used for this problem with variable results.

Methods:
Twenty-five flexor tendons in 20 patients were reconstructed using a two-stage reconstruction of the flexor tendon injury. The preoperative condition of the finger was evaluated using Boyes and Stark grading modified by Wehbe et al. and all had a poor prognosis. The primary tendon injury was missed in nine patients. Primary tendon repair failed in seven patients and free tendon graft failed in three. One patient had two operative interventions: one failed primary tendon repair and one failed free tendon graft. The dominant hand was affected in (70%) of patients.

Results:
The average time between the original injury and the first stage operation was 10.6 mo. The mean follow-up after the second stage was 72 mo. The mean strength of pinch grip and power grip were 92.4% and 94.8%, respectively. The mean pulp to distal flexion crease distance was 12.32 mm. According to Buck-Gramcko scoring, excellent results were achieved in 18 fingers (72%), good in five fingers (20%), fair in one (4%), and poor in one (4%). No additional surgery was required after the second stage.

Conclusions:
The two-stage pedicled flexor digitorum superficialis technique provided a reliable and effective method for reconstruction of failed repair or missed injury of the flexor tendon in the hand in zone II. The modification of the technique presented in this study achieved a high rate of excellent and good results without increasing the rate of complications. Patient compliance is critical for the success of this procedure.
Nipple-Areola Complex Sensation after Nipple-sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Chirappapha Prakasit , Srichan Pongsakorn , Lertsithichai Panuwat , Thaweepworadej Panya , Sukarayothin Thongchai , Leesombatpaiboon Monchai , Kongdan Youwanush 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has been proven to be oncologically safe for treating breast cancer. This procedure had been developed to optimize the esthetic outcome and reduce feeling mutilation after mastectomy. Risks of necrotic complications and diminishing nipple-areola complex (NAC) sensation are common complications affecting the patient’s satisfaction after the surgery. The evaluation of NAC sensation should be also investigated.

Methods:
We prospectively analyzed 55 NSMs that were performed on 52 patients for both therapeutic and prophylactic indications in Ramathibodi Hospital from May 2007 to September 2015. Patients’ demographics, operative details, oncologic outcome, and postoperative complications, focusing on NAC sensation and necrotic complications, were analyzed.

Results:
Forty-seven NSMs (87%) were performed for therapeutic indications, and another 7 NSMs (13%) were risk-reducing operations. Of the 43 patients performing NSM for breast cancer treatment, 33 patients (77%) had invasive cancer and 11 patients (23%) had ductal carcinoma in situ. One subareola base tissue was found an occult cancer, and the NAC was then removed. There were 3 locoregional recurrences after a median follow-up time of 24 months (range, 2–104 months). The NAC sensation was evaluated in a total of 35 patients. Twenty-five patients (46%) underwent serial evaluation after 6 months of operation, and 10 patients were evaluated at more than 1 year after operation. In the first 6 months, 11 patients (44%) showed partial sensation recovery, and 3 more patients had partial recovery after 1-year follow-up. Only 1 patient (2%) had complete sensation recovery in all area of the NAC. In late evaluation group, 7 out of 10 patients had partial recovery. Most pain sensation remained in the lower aspect of the areola away from surgical incision.

Conclusions:
NSM is technically feasible in selected patients with low rates of NAC removal. Some patients can preserve the NAC sensation. Long-term outcome should receive follow-up.
Early Versus Standard Colonoscopy
Authors: van Rongen Inge , Thomassen Bregje J.W. , Perk Lars E. 
Published: May 2018

Goals:
The aim of our study was to examine differences in length of hospital stay (LOHS) between patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding who received either an early colonoscopy (within 24 h of presentation) or a standard colonoscopy (within 1 to 3 d).

Background:
Diagnostic management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding has been extensively debated in recent literature, especially whether colonoscopy within 24 hours of presentation is feasible and safe.

Study:
In this single center, nonblinded, randomized controlled trial, patients presenting at the emergency department with acute hematochezia were eligible if they required hospital admission. A total of 132 patients were included. Primary outcome was LOHS. Secondary outcomes included yield of colonoscopy, blood transfusion requirements, recurrent bleedings, complications, interventions related to complications, and 30-day mortality. The follow-up period was 1 month.

Results:
In total, 63 patients were randomized for <24 hours colonoscopy and 69 for standard colonoscopy. In the intention to treat analysis, LOHS was significantly lower in patients that underwent an early colonoscopy, compared with the standard group: median 2.0 days (inter quartile range, 2.0 to 4.0) versus median 3.0 days (inter quartile range, 2.0 to 4.0) (P=0.009). Recurrent bleedings and hospital readmissions were significantly more frequent in the <24-hour group: 13% versus 3% (P=0.04) and 11% versus 2% (P=0.02), respectively. No difference was observed regarding the number of patients diagnosed with a confirmed or presumptive bleeding source. In both groups, blood transfusion rate was similar and 30-day mortality was 0.

Conclusions:
Early colonoscopy reduces LOHS, but also results in lower clinical efficacy compared with standard colonoscopy.
Intra-molecular pathways of allosteric control in Hsp70s
Authors: Mayer Matthias P. 
Published: May 2018

The 70 kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp70) is undoubtedly the most versatile of all molecular chaperones. Hsp70 is involved in numerous cellular protein folding processes, accompanying proteins throughout their lifespan from de novo folding at the ribosome to degradation at the proteasome, surveilling protein stability and functionality. Several properties of this ATP-dependent chaperone constitute the molecular basis for this versatility. With its substrate binding domain (SBD), Hsp70 transiently interacts with a short degenerative linear sequence motif found practically in all proteins and, in addition, with more folded protein conformers. Binding to polypeptides is tightly regulated by ATP binding and hydrolysis in the nucleotide binding domain, which is coupled to the SBD by an intricate allosteric mechanism. Hsp70 is regulated by a host of J-cochaperones, which act as targeting factors by regulating the ATPase activity of Hsp70 in synergism with the substrates themselves, and by several families of nucleotide exchange factors. In this review, I focus on the allosteric mechanism, which allows Hsp70s to interact with substrates with ultrahigh affinity through a non-equilibrium mode of action and summarize what mutagenesis and structural studies have taught us about the pathways and mechanics of interdomain communication.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Allostery and molecular machines’.
Folding cooperativity and allosteric function in the tandem-repeat protein class
Authors: Perez-Riba Albert , Synakewicz Marie , Itzhaki Laura S. 
Published: May 2018

The term allostery was originally developed to describe structural changes in one binding site induced by the interaction of a partner molecule with a distant binding site, and it has been studied in depth in the field of enzymology. Here, we discuss the concept of action at a distance in relation to the folding and function of the solenoid class of tandem-repeat proteins such as tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) and ankyrin repeats. Distantly located repeats fold cooperatively, even though only nearest-neighbour interactions exist in these proteins. A number of repeat-protein scaffolds have been reported to display allosteric effects, transferred through the repeat array, that enable them to direct the activity of the multi-subunit enzymes within which they reside. We also highlight a recently identified group of tandem-repeat proteins, the RRPNN subclass of TPRs, recent crystal structures of which indicate that they function as allosteric switches to modulate multiple bacterial quorum-sensing mechanisms. We believe that the folding cooperativity of tandem-repeat proteins and the biophysical mechanisms that transform them into allosteric switches are intimately intertwined. This opinion piece aims to combine our understanding of the two areas and develop ideas on their common underlying principles.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Allostery and molecular machines’.