bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conspecificity of the model organism Ulva mutabilis and Ulva compressa (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Steinhagen Sophie , Barco Andrea , Wichard Thomas , Weinberger Florian 
Published: October 2018

As one of the most abundant and ubiquitous representatives of marine and brackish coastal macrophytobenthos communities, the genus Ulva is not only an important primary producer but also of ecological and morphogenetic interest to many scientists. Ulva mutabilis became an important model organism to study morphogenesis and mutualistic interactions of macroalgae and microorganisms. Here, we report that our collections of Ulva compressa Linnaeus (1753) from Germany are conspecific with the type strains of the model organism U. mutabilis Føyn (1958), which were originally collected at Olhão on the south coast of Portugal and have from that time on been maintained in culture as gametophytic and parthenogenetic lab strains. Different approaches were used to test conspecificity: (i) comparisons of vegetative and reproductive features of cultured material of U. mutabilis and German U. compressa demonstrated a shared morphological pattern; (ii) gametes of U. compressa and U. mutabilis successfully mated and developed into fertile sporophytic first‐generation offspring; (iii) molecular phylogenetics and species delimitation analyses based on the Generalized Mixed Yule‐Coalescent method showed that U. mutabilis isolates (sl‐G[mt+]) and (wt‐G[mt‐]) and U. compressa belong to a unique Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit. According to these findings, there is sufficient evidence that U. mutabilis and U. compressa should be regarded as conspecific.
Dependency of Japanese harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) on salmon set nets at Cape Erimo, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Masubuchi Takahito , Kobayashi Mari , Ohno Kei , Ishikawa Akira , Kuramoto Yosuke 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, we observed the behavior of two age groups of harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii), i.e., yearlings, which often become bycaught and individuals 2 yr or older, during their stays at salmon set nets at Cape Erimo, Japan. From July to November 2011–2015, acoustic receivers that track tagging seals were attached to three set nets located near the haul‐out site. Our observations showed that the mean visit interval and the mean stay of seals at the set nets during fishing operations were significantly higher than before operations. A cluster analysis, where Cluster 1 consisted of seals that spent a long time at the set nets and Cluster 2 consisted of the other seals, showed that seals in Cluster 1 visited the set nets every day, while Cluster 2 seals visited once every 3–5 d. In addition, age 2 + seals in Cluster 1 stayed longer at regular time frames (at night), suggesting that individuals of this age group in Cluster 1 are highly dependent on the salmon set nets as foraging sites at night. It is especially clear that the set nets near the haul‐out site have influenced the foraging ecology of some seals.
Ribosome profiles and riboproteomes of healthy and Potato virus A‐ and Agrobacterium‐infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants
Authors: Eskelin Katri , Varjosalo Markku , Ravantti Janne , Mäkinen Kristiina 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Nicotiana benthamiana is an important model plant for plant–microbe interaction studies. Here, we compared ribosome profiles and riboproteomes of healthy and infected N. benthamiana plants. We affinity purified ribosomes from transgenic leaves expressing a FLAG‐tagged ribosomal large subunit protein RPL18B of Arabidopsis thaliana. Purifications were prepared from healthy plants and plants that had been infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying infectious cDNA of Potato virus A (PVA) or firefly luciferase gene, referred to here as PVA‐ or Agrobacterium‐infected plants, respectively. Plants encode a number of paralogous ribosomal proteins (r‐proteins). The N. benthamiana riboproteome revealed approximately 6600 r‐protein hits representing 424 distinct r‐proteins that were members of 71 of the expected 81 r‐protein families. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD011602. The data indicated that N. benthamiana ribosomes are heterogeneous in their r‐protein composition. In PVA‐infected plants, the number of identified r‐protein paralogues was lower than in Agrobacterium‐infected or healthy plants. A. tumefaciens proteins did not associate with ribosomes, whereas ribosomes from PVA‐infected plants co‐purified with viral cylindrical inclusion protein and helper component proteinase, reinforcing their possible role in protein synthesis during virus infection. In addition, viral NIa protease‐VPg, RNA polymerase NIb and coat protein were occasionally detected. Infection did not affect the proportions of ribosomal subunits or the monosome to polysome ratio, suggesting that no overall alteration in translational activity took place on infection with these pathogens. The riboproteomic data of healthy and pathogen‐infected N. benthamiana will be useful for studies on the specific use of r‐protein paralogues to control translation in infected plants.
LprG and PE_PGRS33 Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors induce differential mitochondrial dynamics in macrophages
Authors: Aguilar‐López Bruno A. , Correa Francisco , Moreno‐ Altamirano María Maximina B. , Espitia Clara , Hernández‐Longoria Rocío , Oliva‐Ramírez Jacqueline , Padierna‐Olivos Juan , Sánchez‐García Francisco J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe interaction of a pathogen with its host cell takes place at different levels, including the bioenergetics adaptation of both the pathogen and the host cell in the course of an infection. In this regard, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of macrophages induces mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) changes and cytochrome c release, depending on the bacteria strain's virulence, and the mitochondrial dynamics is modified by pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes. Here, we investigated whether two M. tuberculosis virulence factors are able to induce distinguishable bioenergetics traits in human monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs). Results showed that Rv1411c (LprG, p27) induced mitochondrial fission, lowered the cell respiratory rate and modified the kinetics of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in response to agonist stimulation. In contrast, Rv1818c (PE_PGRS33) induced mitochondrial fusion, but failed to induce any appreciable effect on cell respiratory rate or mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Overall, these results suggest that two different virulence factors from the same pathogen (M. tuberculosis) induce differential effects on mitochondrial dynamics, cell respiration and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in MDMs. The timing of differential mitochondrial activity could ultimately determine the outcome of host‐pathogen interactions.
An Activity Theory analysis of African American students’ experiences in advanced placement science courses
Authors: Kang Rui , Skinner Felicia , Hyatt Charles 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAfrican American students have been systematically discouraged from taking advanced courses in science and math. In addition, low Advanced Placement (AP) exam passing rates among African American students raise further concerns regarding whether accessibility alone adequately addresses the issue of equity. However, little research has been conducted to understand African American students’ learning experiences in AP science courses. The purpose of this research is twofold: (a) to gain deeper understandings of the behaviors and attitudes that African American students employ in their AP science courses, especially how they align their personal motives and goals with meaningful practices within the AP learning context, and (b) to offer an opportunity for science educators to re‐conceptualize AP science learning environment from an Cultural‐Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) perspective. The participants were four African American students enrolled in two AP courses: biology and environmental science. The primary data source was from semistructured interviews. Three major themes were identified: (a) exchange value dominating intrinsic value, (b) community support overcoming an oppositional cultural, and (c) metacognitive strategies disconnecting from conceptual understanding.
The common sources of business cycles in Trans‐Pacific countries and the US? A comparison with NAFTA
Authors: Aysun Uluc , Yagihashi Takeshi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper uses both a non‐structural and a structural approach to investigate the drivers of the business cycles in the US and 15 Trans‐Pacific (TP) countries. Our non‐structural analysis, based on a principal component methodology, reveals the shares of variation in macroeconomic variables that are due to factors common to both the US and the TP region, and factors that are region‐specific. We obtain similar measures by using a structural model (an estimated two‐country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model) that allows for common and correlated shocks across the two regions. The clear and common finding from our analyses is that common shocks explain a substantial amount of macroeconomic variation. Comparison with the NAFTA region, along this dimension, reveals that the US economy is more similar to the TP region (a wider region that also includes Mexico and Canada) than its two neighbours.
Clinical indications and scanning protocols for chest CT in children with cystic fibrosis: a survey of UK tertiary centres
Authors: Gilchrist Francis J , Buka Richard , Jones Mary , Ho Sheng Ang , Lenney Warren , Carroll William D 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesChest CT is increasingly used to monitor disease progression in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) but there is no national guideline regarding its use. Our objective was to assess the indications for undertaking chest CT and the protocols used to obtain scans.Design, Setting and participantsAn electronic questionnaire was developed to assess clinicians views on chest CT in children with CF. It included general questions on perceived benefits and specific questions about its role in five clinical scenarios. It was sent to the clinical lead in 27 UK paediatric CF centres. A separate questionnaire was developed to collect the technical details of chest CT in children with CF. It was sent to the superintendent radiographer at each of the 27 centres.ResultsResponses were obtained from 27 (100%) clinical leads and 22 (81%) superintendent radiographers. 93% clinicians reported chest CT useful in monitoring disease progression and 70% said it frequently altered management. Only 5 (19%) undertook routine scans. To aid diagnosis, 81% performed chest CT in non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease and 15% in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. There was wide variation in the perceived need for and/or timing of chest CT in children with reduced lung function with no benefit from intravenous antibiotics, new cystic changes on chest X-ray, and lobar collapse. The radiographers reported using a mixture of helical (volumetric) and axial scans depending on the clinical question, the age and the cooperation of the child. When indicated, 6 (27%) used sedation and 16 (73%) general anaesthetic. Only 1 (5%) used intravenous contrast routinely and 3 (14%) obtained expiratory images routinely.ConclusionsThere is marked variation in the use of chest CT in children with CF and in the scan protocols. The lack of a national guideline is likely to be contributing to this lack of standardisation.
Gender-specific risk factors for incident sarcopenia: 8-year follow-up of the English longitudinal study of ageing
Authors: Yang Lin , Smith Lee , Hamer Mark 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe aetiology of age-related sarcopenia is not known.ObjectivesTo investigate if risk of developing sarcopenia differs by gender and to identify gender-specific risk factors of incident sarcopenia in a large population-based cohort of older English adults.MethodsThe sample (n=3404; age 63.4 (SD 7.7) years; 54.1% women) comprised older community-dwelling adults recruited from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Sarcopenia was defined as handgrip <26 kg in men and <16 kg in women. Handgrip strength was assessed at baseline (2004/2005) and repeated at follow-up (2012/2013). Analysed risk factors included baseline anthropometric measures, smoking, vigorous and moderate physical activity, depressive symptoms, chronic illnesses and wealth. After excluding participants with sarcopenia at baseline, multivariable logistic regressions were used to explore baseline risk factors for incident sarcopenia.ResultsDuring 8-year follow-up, 208 and 287 cases of sarcopenia were identified in men (n=1564) and women (n=1840), respectively. Women were at 20% (age adjusted OR=1.20, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.47) higher risk of developing sarcopenia than men. The inverse association between physical activity and sarcopenia risk was observed at moderate (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.67) and vigorous (0.53, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.82) intensities in men and only vigorous (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.68) intensity in women. Social factors, such as wealth, and chronic health conditions appeared to be more strongly associated with sarcopenia in men.ConclusionWomen are at higher risk of developing incident sarcopenia than men, and this is likely explained by a range of gender-specific risk factors.
Simplified selection criteria for patients with longer or unknown time to treatment predict good outcome after mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Nagel Simon , Herweh Christian , Pfaff Johannes Alex Rolf , Schieber Simon , Schönenberger Silvia , Möhlenbruch Markus A , Bendszus Martin , Ringleb Peter Arthur 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo identify simplified selection criteria for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in longer and unknown time windows.MethodsPatients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) in the anterior circulation who underwent MT between January 2014 and November 2017 were identified from the local registry. Patients were selected for analysis if they met the current guideline recommendation for MT treatment except for time window (HERMES-like) and were divided according to time they were last seen well (LSW): LSW <6 hours or LSW >6 hours before MT. The primary endpoint, good outcome, was modified Rankin scale score 0–2 on day 90. Safety outcomes were mortality on day 90 and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed for good outcome in HERMES-like patients.ResultsIn total, 752 patients were identified and 390 patients (51.9%) fulfilled the HERMES-like criteria. Despite differences in baseline parameters, more diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (43.9% vs 11.3%, p<0.001) and fewer cases of thrombolysis (32.7% vs 77%, p<0.001), patients LSW >6 hours (n=107) did not differ in the primary and secondary endpoints: good outcome (44.9% vs 44.9%, p=1.0), mortality (14% vs 15.2%, p=0.87), and sICH (5.6% vs 6%, p=1.0). After multivariate regression analysis, independent predictors of good outcome remained: age, OR=0.96 (95% CI 0.95 to 0.98); National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, OR=0.92 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.96); Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS), OR=1.26 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.49); general anesthesia, OR=0.2 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.99), and successful recanalization, OR=12 (95% CI 4.7 to 30.5); but not treatment time and DWI or CT perfusion at baseline.ConclusionPatients with proven LVO in unknown and longer time windows may be selected for MT based on ASPECTS and clinical criteria.
Reimagining IDO Pathway Inhibition in Cancer Immunotherapy via Downstream Focus on the Tryptophan–Kynurenine–Aryl Hydrocarbon Axis
Authors: Labadie Brian W. , Bao Riyue , Luke Jason J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Significant progress has been made in cancer immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)–programmed death-ligand 1 signaling pathways. Tumors from patients showing sustained treatment response predominately demonstrate a T cell–inflamed tumor microenvironment prior to, or early on, treatment. Not all tumors with this phenotype respond, however, and one mediator of immunosuppression in T cell–inflamed tumors is the tryptophan–kynurenine–aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Trp–Kyn–AhR) pathway. Multiple mechanisms of immunosuppression may be mediated by this pathway including depletion of tryptophan, direct immunosuppression of Kyn, and activity of Kyn-bound AhR. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a principle enzyme in Trp catabolism, is the target of small-molecule inhibitors in clinical development in combination with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors. Despite promising results in early-phase clinical trials in a range of tumor types, a phase III study of the IDO1-selective inhibitor epacadostat in combination with pembrolizumab showed no difference between the epacadostat-treated group versus placebo in patients with metastatic melanoma. This has led to a diminution of interest in IDO1 inhibitors; however, other approaches to inhibit this pathway continue to be considered. Novel Trp–Kyn–AhR pathway inhibitors, such as Kyn-degrading enzymes, direct AhR antagonists, and tryptophan mimetics are advancing in early-stage or preclinical development. Despite uncertainty surrounding IDO1 inhibition, ample preclinical evidence supports continued development of Trp–Kyn–AhR pathway inhibitors to augment immune-checkpoint and other cancer therapies.
UNA BROMA MUSICAL
Authors: Argüello Cecilia Beatriz 
Published: October 2018

En el año 1789- 90 Joseph Haydn recibió al enviado de Londres, el editor John Bland en su habitación del palacio de Esterházy mientras se afeitaba dificultosamente. Ante esta situación ofreció su mejor cuarteto de cuerdas a cambio de unas buenas maquinillas de afeitar inglesas. La tradición recuerda al cuarteto Op. 55 nº 2 con el nombre de “The Razor Quartet”. En el presente trabajo intentaré demostrar, mediante el análisis, algunos de los rasgos característicos del estilo del compositor que justifican que dicho sugestivo título se haya conservado hasta nuestros días. Para ello parto del concepto de retórica y de ingenio, a los fines de realizar un análisis que permita comprender el grado de complicidad necesaria, entre el emisor y el receptor, para que el humor pueda ser comprendido como tal.
Bridging the Colonial Divide
Authors: Melton JK 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Conflicts over human sexuality are creating schisms within many churches, increasing the ecumenical challenges faced by the wider church. While there are legitimate theological disagreements, there has been a separation between “Global South” and “Global North” members of the denominations, as can be seen in the examples of United Methodism, Anglicanism, and Lutheranism. Schisms such as those based on human sexuality cannot overlook colonialism as a factor. Addressing this, Receptive Ecumenism has potential as a potent postcolonial method because Receptive Ecumenism offers tools that allow there to be dialogue among Christians who are particularly divided within denominations along lines created by colonialism, largely because of its posture of learning and listening. Indeed, if churches were to receive the methods of Receptive Ecumenism, by adopting a stance of active listening and learning, rather than a stance of self-advocacy and argument, the churches may find ways to heal internal divisions.
(Dis-)engaged older men? Hegemonic masculinity, fashion and ageing
Authors: Sadkowska Ania , Townsend Katherine , Fisher Tom , Wilde David 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Recently, we have witnessed an intensified interest from various fashion scholars on the subject of men and masculine identities. However, while most of the existing research initiatives explore various aspects of masculinity and fashion, they also seem to be limited in their choices of subjects to homosexual and/or young male adults. In this vein, Julia Twigg argues that older men remain ‘largely disengaged from fashion as a cultural field’ (2013a: 19). This article explores the nature of this theoretical disengagement when it comes to older heterosexual men’s lived experience of fashion by drawing on in-depth, semi-structured interviews and personal inventories with a small sample of British men (n=5) based in, or strongly linked to, Nottingham, United Kingdom. In-depth qualitative analysis of the research material revealed various contradictions displayed by the participants in relation to their ageing masculine identities and their often lifelong interest in fashionable clothing. We inspect these discrepancies from two perspectives in which such a disengagement might emerge: between men and fashion and between fashion and ageing. By analysing the findings through Connell’s (2005) influential concept of hegemonic masculinity, we argue that some men both resist and reproduce such a stereotypical disengagement.
PERBANDINGAN KETERSEDIAAN UBIN TEKSTUR PEMANDU UNTUK TUNANETRA DI TEMPAT UMUM ANTARA KOTA SURAKARTA DAN KOTA NAGOYA
Authors: Khoirunisa Esdaniar , Himawanto Dwi Aries 
Published: October 2018

Accessibility is one of the most important components in construction toward the realization of common justice, especially for persons with disabilities and oldster. One of the form of accessibility is a guiding block, or tactile paving, which is designated as a walking guide for the visually impaired. Guiding blocks are paving with a special texture that can be felt by the sole of the foot when walking. This paving was discovered in Japan in 1965, then spread throughout the world. Then finally Indonesia is one of the users of this paving. The purpose of this study was to compare the conditions of guiding block installation between the city of Surakarta and Nagoya City. The results show that guiding blocks are very common in various places in Nagoya City, while in Surakarta there is a contrast condition. Many important public places in Surakarta are not equipped with guiding block. In addition, many guiding block that found in Surakarta are lack of adequate installation of accessibility for the visually impaired.Keywords: accessibility, visually impaired, guiding blockAbstrakAksesibilitas adalah salah satu komponen penting dalam pembangunan demi terwujudnya keadilan bersama, terutama bagi para penyandang difabel dan orang tua. Salah satu bentuk aksesibilitas adalah ubin tekstur pemandu, yang diperuntukkan sebagai panduan berjalan bagi tunanetra. Ubin tekstur pemandu adalah ubin dengan tekstur khusus sehingga dapat dirasakan oleh tapak kaki ketika berjalan. Ubin ini ditemukan di Jepang tahun 1965, kemudian menyebar ke seluruh dunia. Hingga akhirnya Indonesia ditengarai sebagai salah satu negara pengguna ubin ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan kondisi ketersediaan ubin tekstur pemandu antara di Kota Surakarta dengan Kota Nagoya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ubin tekstur pemandu sangat biasa dijumpai di berbagai tempat di Kota Nagoya. Berbeda dengan di Kota Surakarta, banyak tempat-tempat umum penting yang belum dilengkapi dengan ubin tekstur pemandu. Selain itu, banyak ubin tekstur pemandu yang ditemukan di Surakarta kurang memenuhi kelayakan aksesibilitas bagi tunanetra. Kata kunci : aksesibilitas, tunanetra, ubin tekstur pemandu