bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High-Intensity Exercise Boot Camp for Persons With Parkinson Disease: A Phase II, Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Feasibility, Safety, Signal of Efficacy, and Disease Mechanisms
Authors: Landers Merrill R. , Navalta James W. , Murtishaw Andrew S. , Kinney Jefferson W. , Pirio Richardson Sarah 
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose:
The feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a high-intensity multimodal exercise program (aerobic, strengthening, and balance training) have not been well vetted in persons with Parkinson disease (PD). Thus, the primary aim was to determine whether a high-intensity multimodal exercise boot camp (HIBC) was both feasible and safe in persons with PD. The secondary aim was to determine whether the program would produce greater benefit than a usual care, low-intensity exercise program (UC). An exploratory aim was to determine whether these programs affected putative disease-modifying mechanisms.

Methods:
Twenty-seven participants (19 men and 8 women) were randomized into 8 weeks of either the HIBC or UC supervised by physical therapists. For feasibility, participation, and meeting, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) exercise guidelines were assessed. For safety, adverse events were monitored. For efficacy, the following outcome domains were assessed before and after participation: balance, motor activity, endurance and fatigue, strength, mental health, and quality of life. For disease-modifying mechanisms, circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its genotype, superoxide dismutase, and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10) were monitored.

Results:
The HIBC was better at attaining CDC guidelines (P = 0.013) and spent more minutes in higher-intensity exercise per week (P < 0.001). There were no differences in adverse events (P = 0.419). The HIBC experienced significant improvements in 7/31 outcomes versus 3/31 in the UC arm. BDNF improved significantly for both groups from pre- to posttests (Ps ≤ 0.041) and an improved anti-inflammatory was observed for both groups.

Discussion and Conclusions:
A high-intensity multimodal exercise boot camp was feasible and safe in persons with PD. Compared with usual care, there were no differences in adverse events. Moreover, the high-intensity multimodal exercise program produced more improvement across more domains than usual care. Our results also suggest a possible link between improvement in outcomes and an improved anti-inflammatory milieu.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A244).
A Fatal Case of Acute Renal Failure From Envenoming Syndrome After Massive Bee Attack
Authors: Hughes Rhome L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Envenoming syndrome is a systemic toxic reaction to the inoculation of large volume of insect venom, typically after a swarm attack from bees. Africanized honey bees are notorious for their aggressive nature, and human deaths resulting from Africanized honey bee attacks are consistently reported. Whereas anaphylaxis is the most common lethal mechanism of injury, delayed deaths can also occur as a consequence of severe venom toxicity with resultant end organ damage. Acute renal failure complicating massive envenomation is a rare but potentially fatal outcome after Africanized honey bee attack and may be heralded by laboratory evidence of rhabdomyolysis.
A Therapeutic Exercise Program Improves Pain and Physical Dimension of Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Adults
Authors: Rodríguez-Romero Beatriz , Bello Olalla , Vivas Costa Jamile , Carballo-Costa Lidia 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an exercise therapy program on pain and physical dimension of health-related quality of life for young adults with musculoskeletal pain.

Design
This is a randomized controlled single-blind trial. Fifty-seven subjects (58% women) were randomly assigned to experimental [n = 28, 21.4 (2.9) yrs] and control [n = 29, 21.0 (4.2) yrs] groups. The experimental group participated in a 9-wk stabilization exercise therapy program, 60 mins/wk, whereas the control group did not exercise, with a preintervention and postintervention assessment. Primary outcome was Physical Component Summary of SF-36. Secondary outcomes were Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, Neck Disability Index, and Trunk Flexor Endurance Test. The Shapiro-Wilk, independent t test or Mann-Whitney U test, X2, or Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
After intervention, the experimental group improved by 3.2 (4.5) points on the Physical Component Summary (P = 0.01), decreased prevalence of low back pain in the last month (P = 0.02) and cervical disability (P = 0.02), and increased flexor trunk endurance (P = 0.005).

Conclusions
This study confirmed that a 9-wk progressive exercise therapy program can improve physical health and reduce the prevalence of cervical disability and low back pain in the last month in young adults with musculoskeletal pain.
Outcome of Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: 20-Year Follow-Up of a Treatment Protocol
Authors: Pai Betty C. J. , Hung Yi-Tan , Wang Ruby S. H. , Lo Lun-Jou 
Published: December 2018

Background:
The treatment plan for cleft lip and palate varies among centers and requires long-term evaluation of its final outcome.

Methods:
A consecutive series of patients born from 1994 to 1996 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, undergoing all treatment procedures performed by the team, and continuous follow-ups until 20 years of age. Exclusion criteria were incomplete data, having microform cleft lip on the contralateral side, presence of the Simonart band, and other abnormalities.

Results:
A total of 72 patients were included. Average age at final evaluation was 21.3 years; 83.3 percent of patients underwent one-stage rotation-advancement lip repair and 16.7 percent underwent two-stage repair with an initial adhesion cheiloplasty. All patients underwent palate repair using the two-flap method at an average age of 12.3 months. Velopharyngeal insufficiency occurred and required surgical interventions in 19.4 percent during the preschool age and in 16.7 percent at the time of alveolar bone grafting; 56.9 percent of patients underwent secondary lip/nose revision during the growing age. Regular orthodontic treatment was administered to 34.7 percent of patients between 12 and 16 years of age. Orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery were applied in 37.5 percent of the patients after maturity. The average number of surgical procedures to complete the treatment was 4.8 per patient.

Conclusions:
This treatment protocol provided generally acceptable final outcome after the 20-year follow-up. Some results were less ideal and have resulted in modifications of the planning and methods in the protocol.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Delivery of External Volume Expansion through Microdeformational Interfaces Safely Induces Angiogenesis in a Murine Model of Intact Diabetic Skin with Endothelial Cell Dysfunction
Authors: Wei Shuyi , Orgill Dennis P. , Giatsidis Giorgio 
Published: December 2018

Background:
External volume expansion promotes angiogenesis in tissues by inducing a subcritical hypoxia, mechanically stimulating endothelia, and creating mild inflammation. Application of external volume expansion to less-vascularized tissues with endothelial cell dysfunction poses a risk for ineffectiveness or ischemic damage. The authors investigated the effects of external volume expansion on a murine model of type 2 diabetes mellitus and tested whether the adoption of microdeformational interfaces optimizes its angiogenic properties while limiting complications to tissues.

Methods:
Adult diabetic mice received stimulation with external volume expansion on their dorsal skin using a standard cup-shaped silicone interface, a polyurethane foam-shaped interface, or a silicone microarray chamber interface; controls received no treatment. Skin damage was assessed visually on the last day of stimulation and 5 days later. At 5-day follow-up, skin specimens (n = 5 per group) were procured and analyzed by histology to assess angiogenesis, adipose tissue and skin remodeling, and inflammation.

Results:
All treatments significantly increased the density of blood vessels in skin compared to controls; the polyurethane foam-shaped interface showed the most robust effect (+80 percent). No relevant complications were observed using a polyurethane foam-shaped interface or silicone microarray chamber interface, but a cup-shaped silicone interface led to substantial skin damage and caused intense inflammation, fibrosis of the subcutaneous tissue, and dermal remodeling.

Conclusion:
The adoption of external volume expansion with microdeformational interfaces allows the effective and safe preconditioning of tissues with endothelial cell dysfunction and could improve outcomes in diabetic patients at high risk for surgical complications.
Diurnal Cortisol in a Sample of Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Chinese Children: Evidence for the Shift-and-Persist Hypothesis
Authors: Chen Lihua , Li Xiaoming , Imami Ledina , Lin Danhua , Zhao Junfeng , Zhao Guoxiang , Zilioli Samuele 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the most well-established social determinants of health. However, little is known about what can protect the health of individuals (especially children) living in low-SES circumstances. This study explored whether the psychological strategy of “shift-and-persist” protects low-SES children from stress-related physiological risks, as measured through blunted (unhealthy) diurnal cortisol profiles.

Methods
A sample of 645 children (aged 8–15 years) from low-SES backgrounds and having at least one HIV-positive parent completed a battery of psychological scales. Diurnal cortisol assessments included collection of saliva samples four times a day for 3 days, from which three cortisol parameters (cortisol at awakening, cortisol awakening response, and cortisol slope) were derived.

Results
Higher levels of shift-and-persist, considered as a single variable, were associated with higher cortisol at awakening (B = 0.0119, SE = 0.0034, p < .001) and a steeper cortisol slope (B = −0.0007, SE = 0.0003, p = .023). These associations remained significant after adjusting for covariates and did not vary by age. In supplementary analyses, where shifting and persisting were treated as separate variables, the interaction between these two coping strategies significantly predicted cortisol at awakening (B = 0.0250, SE = 0.0107, p = .020) and the cortisol slope (B = −0.0022, SE = 0.0011, p = .040), suggesting that the combination of shift-and-persist is important for predicting diurnal cortisol profiles.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that shift-and-persist is associated with healthier diurnal cortisol profiles among socioeconomically disadvantaged children and introduce the possibility that this coping strategy is protective against other stressors, such as those uniquely faced by children in our study (i.e., being affected by parental HIV).
Evidence-based review of trauma center care and routine palliative care processes for geriatric trauma patients; A collaboration from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Patient Assessment Committee, the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Geriatric Trauma Committee, and the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Guidelines Committee
Authors: Aziz Hiba Abdel , Lunde John , Barraco Robert , Como John J. , Cooper Zara , Hayward Thomas , Hwang Franchesca , Lottenberg Lawrence , Mentzer Caleb , Mosenthal Anne , Mukherjee Kaushik , Nash Joshua , Robinson Bryce , Staudenmayer Kristan , Wright Rebecca , Yon James , Crandall Marie 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND
Despite an aging population and increasing number of geriatric trauma patients annually, gaps in our understanding of best practices for geriatric trauma patients persist. We know that trauma center care improves outcomes for injured patients generally, and palliative care processes can improve outcomes for disease-specific conditions, and our goal was to determine effectiveness of these interventions on outcomes for geriatric trauma patients.

METHODS
A priori questions were created regarding outcomes for patients 65 years or older with respect to care at trauma centers versus nontrauma centers and use of routine palliative care processes. A query of MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE was performed. Letters to the editor, case reports, book chapters, and review articles were excluded. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology was used to perform a systematic review and create recommendations.

RESULTS
We reviewed seven articles relevant to trauma center care and nine articles reporting results on palliative care processes as they related to geriatric trauma patients. Given data quality and limitations, we conditionally recommend trauma center care for the severely injured geriatric trauma patients but are unable to make a recommendation on the question of routine palliative care processes for geriatric trauma patients.

CONCLUSIONS
As our older adult population increases, injured geriatric patients will continue to pose challenges for care, such as comorbidities or frailty. We found that trauma center care was associated with improved outcomes for geriatric trauma patients in most studies and that utilization of early palliative care consultations was generally associated with improved secondary outcomes, such as length of stay; however, inconsistency and imprecision prevented us from making a clear recommendation for this question. As caregivers, we should ensure adequate support for trauma systems and palliative care processes in our institutions and communities and continue to support robust research to study these and other aspects of geriatric trauma.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic review/guideline, level III.
Development of a geospatial approach for the quantitative analysis of trauma center access
Authors: Winchell Robert J. , Xu Paige , Mount Lauren E. , Huegerich Reed 
Published: December 2018

INTRODUCTION
Decisions around trauma center (TC) designation have become contentious in many areas. There is no consensus regarding the ideal number and location of TC and no accepted metrics to assess the effect of changes in system structure. We aimed to develop metrics of TC access, using publicly available data and analytic tools. We hypothesize that geospatial analysis can provide a reproducible approach to quantitatively asses potential changes in trauma system structure.

METHODS
A region in New York State was chosen for evaluation. Geospatial data and analytic tools in ArcGIS Online were used. Transport time polygons were created around TC, and the population covered was estimated by summing the census tracts within these polygons. Transport time from each census tract to the nearest TC was calculated. The baseline model includes the single designated TC. Model 1 includes one additional TC, and Model 2 includes two additional TC, chosen to maximize coverage. The population covered, population-weighted distribution of transport times, and population covered by a specific TC were calculated for each model.

RESULTS
The baseline model covered 1.12 × 106 people. The median transport time was 19.2 minutes. In Model 1, the population covered increased by 14.4%, while the population catchment, and thus the estimated trauma volume, of the existing TC decreased by 12%. Median transport time to the nearest TC increased to 20.4 minutes. Model 2 increased coverage by 18% above baseline, while the catchment, and thus the estimated trauma volume, of the existing TC decreased by 22%. Median transport time to the nearest TC decreased to 19.6 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS
Geospatial analysis can provide objective measures of population access to trauma care. The analysis can be performed using different numbers and locations of TC, allowing direct comparison of changes in coverage and impact on existing centers. This type of data is essential for guiding difficult decisions regarding trauma system design.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Care management, level IV.
Redistribution of proteasomes through diffusion and cytoskeleton-dependent mechanisms upon stress induced by protein aggregates
Authors: Morten Michael J , Zhang Yu , Li Bing , Meng Jonathan X , Jiang Kun , Sirvio Liina , Lee Ji Eun , Lippert Anna Helena , Burridge Matilda , Pulgar Prieto Katiuska Daniela , Carr Alexander Roy , Ponjavic Aleks , Lee Steven F , Finley Daniel , Klenerman David , Ye Yu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProteasomes are abundant molecular machines distributed throughout the eukaryotic cell to facilitate protein degradation. We previously showed that proteasomes can re-organize and assemble into foci bodies in response to proteotoxic stress1, which we termed transient aggregate-associated droplets (TAADs)2. Here, we use single-molecule localization microscopy to quantify re-organization of mammalian proteasomes in different subcellular regions during proteotoxic stress to engage with invading protein aggregates. We determine that ∼60% of 20S proteasomes are capped by at least one 19S particle, and this ratio remains constant during stress. Using single-particle tracking, we show that cells confine global proteasomal movement when experiencing proteotoxic stress via a cytoskeleton-dependent mechanism. Similar limitations on proteasome movement are also observed upon membrane depolarization and repolarization events by patch clamp, which directly induce proteasomes to move away or towards the plasma membrane, respectively. Together, our experiments reveal distinct modes of proteasome motion dependent on cellular requirements, and propose that proteasome transport is restricted upon aggregate invasion to facilitate their subsequent degradation.
Dynamic adaptive X-ray optics. Part II. High-speed piezoelectric bimorph deformable Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors for rapid variation of the 2D size and shape of X-ray beams
Authors: Alcock Simon G. , Nistea Ioana-Theodora , Signorato Riccardo , Owen Robin L. , Axford Daniel , Sutter John P. , Foster Andrew , Sawhney Kawal 
Published: December 2018

The tangential curvature of actively bent X-ray mirrors at synchrotron radiation and X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities is typically only changed every few hours or even days. This operation can take tens of minutes for active optics with multiple bending actuators and often requires expert guidance using in situ monitoring devices. Hence, the dynamic performance of active X-ray optics for synchrotron beamlines has historically not been exploited. This is in stark contrast to many other scientific fields. However, many areas of synchrotron radiation and XFEL science, including macromolecular crystallography, could greatly benefit from the ability to change the size and shape of the X-ray beam rapidly and continuously. The advantages of this innovative approach are twofold: a large reduction in the dead time required to change the size of the X-ray beam for different-sized samples and the possibility of making multiple changes to the beam during the measurement of a single sample. In the preceding paper [Part I; Alcock, Nistea, Signorato & Sawhney (2019), J. Synchrotron Rad.
26, 36–44], which accompanies this article, high-speed visible-light Fizeau interferometry was used to identify the factors which influence the dynamic bending behaviour of piezoelectric bimorph deformable X-ray mirrors. Building upon this ex situ metrology study, provided here is the first synchrotron radiation beamline implementation of high-speed adaptive X-ray optics using two bimorphs operating as a Kirkpatrick–Baez pair. With optimized substrates, novel opto-mechanical holders and a next-generation high-voltage power supply, the size of an X-ray beam was rapidly and repeatedly switched in <10 s. Of equal importance, it is also shown that compensation of piezoelectric creep ensures that the X-ray beam size remains stable for more than 1 h after making a major change. The era of high-speed adaptive X-ray optics for synchrotron radiation and XFEL beamlines has begun.
The Moon Jae-in administration’s North Korea policy and Korea–US relations
Authors: Kyu Nam Kwang 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the North Korea policy pursued by the Moon Jae-in administration and discuss the possibility of a weakened alliance between South Korea and the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper compares the North Korean policies and the ROK–US alliance under the Moon administration, analyzing the recent inter-Korean and North Korea–US summits, with a focus on the issues of denuclearization and establishing a peace regime.

Findings
This paper reveals that the approach taken by the Moon administration regarding North Korea is similar to that of North Korea and China, and that the ROK–US alliance is likely to weaken should there be any change concerning the North Korean nuclear issue.

Originality/value
Denuclearization takes place in accordance with the agreement between North Korea and the USA, there is a high likelihood of the ROK–US alliance weakening.
The influence of integrated reporting and internationalisation on intellectual capital disclosures
Authors: Terblanche Wendy , De Villiers Charl 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether preparing an integrated report and/or whether cross-listing is associated with more intellectual capital (IC) disclosure.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper compares the content of IC disclosures of matched samples of companies.

Findings
The findings show that companies preparing an integrated report disclose more IC information, and that companies exposed to international capital market pressures through cross-listing do not disclose more IC information.

Research limitations/implications
The findings imply that integrated reporting (IR) is likely to increase IC disclosures and also that future IC disclosure research may have to take into account whether companies prepare an integrated report.

Practical implications
The results will be of interest to the proponents of IC and of IR, including the developers of the IR framework, regulators and companies considering IR.

Originality/value
This is one of the first studies to assess the influence of preparing an integrated report on the level of IC disclosure.