bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical studies of elastomeric isolator performance under static loads
Authors: Mkrtychev Oleg 
Published: December 2018

The article presents the studies of the elastomeric isolator performance under static loads. The solutions of the problems have been obtained by means of a specialized software complex by direct integration of the motion equations according to the implicit scheme. For calculation of the elastomeric isolator, a 3D computational model comprised by solid finite elements has been used.
Based on the results of the studies performed, the diagrams for displacement of the points of the top of the support have been plotted with the horizontal shear of the support. The possibility of formation of tilting in the upper plate of the elastomeric isolator has been proved.
The diagram of residual horizontal displacements of the support after the horizontal load removal has been obtained. The inability of elastomeric isolators to return independently to the initial equilibrium position without additional devices has been proved.
Medienunterstütztes Narrationstraining mit kontextreichen Fotos: Erprobung eines innovativen Ansatzes in der Aphasietherapie
Authors: Leusch Vera , Hußmann Katja , Heim Stefan , Werner Cornelius , Schattka Kerstin 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In der autobiografischen Narration, dem Erzählen über sich selbst, kann Identitätsarbeit gelingen. Personen mit Aphasie (PMA) benötigen aufgrund der hohen linguistischen Komplexität Unterstützungsmaßnahmen innerhalb von narrativen Texten, die Narration im sozialen Austausch erleichtern bzw. ermöglichen.
Methode In einem ersten Pilotprojekt im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit wurde eine narrativ ausgerichtete Intervention konzipiert und erprobt, in der PMA in Erzählsituationen über persönlich relevante Themen sog. Visual-Scene-Displays (VSD) mit kontextreichen Fotos am Smartphone einsetzen. Die Machbarkeit der Intervention wurde mit 2 PMA erprobt und der Mehrwert des Medieneinsatzes u. a. für den kommunikativen Austausch zwischen PMA und Gesprächspartnern anhand einer qualitativen und quantitativen Gesprächsanalyse untersucht.
Ergebnisse Zwischen den Bedingungen mit vs. ohne VSD-Dateien-Nutzung zeigten sich vielfältige Unterschiede im Gesprächsverhalten, sowohl bei den PMA als auch ihren KommunikationspartnerInnen (KP). Beide Patienten initiierten bis zu 18 % mehr Äußerungen und mussten bis zu 18 % weniger auf Fragen antworten. Sie erlebten die Kommunikation subjektiv als positiver. Die KP stellten bis zu 40 % weniger Verständnisfragen. Sie kommentierten dafür bis zu 19 % mehr und gaben bis zu 18 % mehr positive Bestätigung. Das Verständnis i. S.v. „content units“ war erhöht. Auch die KP waren mit der Kommunikation subjektiv zufriedener.
Diskussion Die Studie liefert damit einen neuen Ansatz zur logopädischen Versorgung bei Aphasie mit einer personenzentrierten und ressourcenorientierten Ausrichtung. Erste Ergebnisse bestätigen die Machbarkeit der Intervention sowie verschiedene positive Auswirkungen des hier beschriebenen Medieneinsatzes auf den kommunikativen Austausch über persönliche Themen. Eine Replikation mit größeren Stichproben ist notwendig.
Klassische Implantate, die man kennen sollte: der Plattenspanner
Authors: Diwersi Nadine , Beeres Frank , Babst Reto , Link Björn-Chritian 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Plattenspanner gehört seit 1938 zu den ursprünglichsten Instrumenten der Osteosynthesetechnik. Mit ihm können interfragmentäre Kompression, oder auch Distraktion erreicht werden. Ebenso kann er in der Behandlung von Pseudarthrosen eingesetzt werden.
Raucherentwöhnung bei substituierten Opioidabhängigen – Effekte von ärztlichen Beratungen, unter Einbezug der E-Zigarette, auf die Anzahl gerauchter Zigaretten
Authors: Piest Bernhard , Seide Svenja 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Bisherige Rauchentwöhnungsprogramme bei substituierten Opioidabhängigen waren ineffektiv. Mit dieser Untersuchung soll bei Opioidabhängigen der Einfluss von Beratungen auf die Anzahl gerauchter Zigaretten pro Tag geprüft werden. Die E-Zigarette wurde zur Rauchentwöhnung mit einbezogen.
Methodik In einer Therapiestudie erhielten 35 substituierte Opioidabhängige regelmäßige Beratungsgespräche zum Thema „Rauchen“. Medikamentöse Entwöhnungshilfen und -kurse wurden angeboten. Teil 1 (T1) dauerte 30 Monate (2012–2014). Ziele waren Rauchstopp und Reduktion der Zigarettenzahl. Teil 2 (T2) dauerte 18 Monate (2014–2016) und schloss sich direkt an. Hauptziel der Beratungen war die Substitution der Zigaretten mit der E-Zigarette, daneben waren Rauchstopp und Reduktion der Zigarettenzahl weitere Ziele. Verglichen werden die Anzahl gerauchter Zigaretten vor T1, nach T1 und nach T2.
Ergebnisse 20 Teilnehmende verblieben bis zum Ende in der Studie. Nach Teil 1 rauchten alle Teilnehmenden weiter ohne Reduktion der Zigarettenzahl. Nach Teil 2 waren 4 Studienteilnehmende zigarettenabstinent: 3 Personen stiegen von Tabakzigaretten auf die E-Zigarette um und 1 Person nutzte ausschließlich einen Nikotin-Inhalator. Von den übrigen 16 konsumierten 7 Nikotinersatzprodukte und Zigaretten parallel. Diese 7 reduzierten ihren Zigarettenkonsum auf 10,1, während die ausschließlich Zigarettenrauchenden 18,0 Zigaretten rauchten.
Schlussfolgerung Nach Aufnahme des Ziels „Substitution der Zigaretten durch die E-Zigarette“ in die Beratungsgespräche gelang einem Teil der Studienteilnehmenden die Zigarettenabstinenz.
TANGO1 and SEC12 are copackaged with procollagen I to facilitate the generation of large COPII carriers
Authors: Yuan Lin , Kenny Samuel J. , Hemmati Juliet , Xu Ke , Schekman Randy 
Published: December 2018

SignificanceCollagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix, and its secretion requires cytoplasmic proteins that assemble on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum to bud ∼100-nm-diameter cargo transport vesicles (COPII). Bulky collagens, such as the 300-nm procollagen I (PC1), are too big to fit into normal COPII vesicles. Recently, large COPII-coated vesicles were found to act as PC1 carriers, but how these large COPII carriers are generated remains unclear. Here, we show copackaging of PC1 along with its cargo receptor TANGO1, a coreceptor protein, cTAGE5, and the COPII initiating factor SEC12. Because SEC12 is excluded from small COPII vesicles, we propose that TANGO1 targets SEC12 to PC1-containing endoplasmic reticulum and drives the formation of large COPII-coated vesicles.
Pests, diseases and weeds.
Authors: Sipes B. , Matos A. P. de 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

This chapter describes some pineapple soil-borne pests (including nematodes and arthropods) and pathogens of the roots; weeds; pests and pathogens of the shoot and fruit; and their management, using cultural, chemical, biological, genetic (breeding for resistance and genetic engineering) control methods. A tabulated list is also given of pineapple pests, diseases and weeds, with their distribution in commercial pineapple production areas.
Patient experience on self-management support among primary care patients with diabetes and hypertension
Authors: Lim Ming Tsuey , Lim Yvonne Mei Fong , Teh Xin Rou , Lee Yi Lin , Ismail Siti Aminah , Sivasampu Sheamini 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
To determine the extent of self-management support (SMS) provided to primary care patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension and its associated factors.

Design
Cross-sectional survey conducted between April and May 2017.

Setting
Forty public clinics in Malaysia.

Participants
A total of 956 adult patients with T2D and/or hypertension were interviewed.

Main Outcome Measures
Patient experience on SMS was evaluated using a structured questionnaire of the short version Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care instrument, PACIC-M11. Linear regression analysis adjusting for complex survey design was used to determine the association of patient and clinic factors with PACIC-M11 scores.

Results
The overall PACIC-M11 mean was 2.3(SD,0.8) out of maximum of 5. The subscales’ mean scores were lowest for patient activation (2.1(SD,1.1)) and highest for delivery system design/decision support (2.9(SD,0.9)). Overall PACIC-M11 score was associated with age, educational level and ethnicity. Higher overall PACIC-M11 ratings was observed with increasing difference between actual and expected consultation duration [β = 0.01; 95% CI (0.001, 0.03)]. Better scores were also observed among patients who would recommend the clinic to friends and family [β = 0.19; 95% CI (0.03, 0.36)], when health providers were able to explain things in ways that were easy to understand [β = 0.34; 95% CI (0.10, 0.59)] and knew about patients’ living conditions [β = 0.31; 95% CI (0.15, 0.47)].

Conclusions
Our findings indicated patients received low levels of SMS. PACIC-M11 ratings were associated with age, ethnicity, educational level, difference between actual and expected consultation length, willingness to recommend the clinic and provider communication skills.
Comparative Analysis of the Exposure and Surgical Freedom of the Endoscopic Extended Minipterional Craniotomy and the Transorbital Endoscopic Approach to the Anterior and Middle Cranial Fossae
Authors: Noiphithak Raywat , Yanez-Siller Juan C , Revuelta Barbero Juan M , Cho Raymond I , Otto Bradley A , Carrau Ricardo L , Prevedello Daniel M 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Numerous minimally invasive approaches to the skull base have been successively developed. Knowledge of the surgical nuances of a specific approach may facilitate approach selection. This study sought to compare the nuances of an extended version of the minipterional craniotomy (EMPT) with those of the transorbital endoscopic approach (TOEA) to the anterior and middle cranial fossae (ACF and MCF, respectively).

OBJECTIVE
To quantitatively analyze and compare the area of exposure and surgical freedom between EMPT and TOEA to the ACF and MCF.

METHODS
EMPT and TOEA were carried out in 5 latex-injected cadaveric heads, bilaterally (10 sides). For each approach, the area of exposure, surgical freedom, and angle of attack were obtained with neuronavigation and statistically compared.

RESULTS
No significant difference was found between the mean area of exposure of EMPT and TOEA at the ACF and MCF (P = .709 and .317, respectively). The mean exposure area at the ACF was of 13.4 ± 2.6 cm2 (mean ± standard deviation) and 13.0 ± 1.9 cm2 for EMPT and TOEA, respectively. Except for the crista galli, EMPT afforded a larger area of surgical freedom at all targets. EMPT also achieved significantly greater attack angles in vertical axis except to the crista galli. The horizontal attack angles to all targets were similar between approaches.

CONCLUSION
EMPT and TOEA offer a comparable area of exposure at the ACF and MCF in the cadaver; however, the instrument maneuverability afforded by EMPT is superior. Further studies are necessary to better define their precise surgical application.
Partial Costotransversectomy and Corpectomy for Thoracic Spinal Metastatic Disease: Operative Technique and Nuances: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Akinduro Oluwaseun O , Nottmeier Eric W 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We describe the operative approach and management for thoracic metastatic disease in a 78-yr-old man with worsening mechanical lower back and left-sided thoracic radicular pain. Imaging of the thoracic spine revealed an osteolytic T11 mass with destruction of the left T11 pedicle and transverse process. Biopsy confirmed spinal metastasis from the liver. Preoperative angiogram was completed for localization of the artery of Adamkewicz and microparticle embolization of the left T11 intercostal artery. Surgical resection was supplemented with electrophysiological monitoring and neuronavigation. The corpectomy was approached by resecting the medial aspect of the rib, transverse process, and pedicle, which were all invaded with tumor. The left T11 nerve root was isolated and sacrificed to allow for placement of the expandable corpectomy cage and also resulted in sustained relief of the patient's radicular pain. The patient recovered from surgery well, with postoperative improvement of his pain. This case highlights the complex technical nuances of this procedure, and the importance of a thorough preoperative evaluation, including angiography, as proper identification of the artery of Adamkewitz can prevent severe neurological deficit from a spinal cord stroke. The patient consented to the procedure.
Developmental Cortical Plasticity in the Central Auditory System
Authors: Insanally Michele N. , Froemke Robert C. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The brain has a tremendous ability to change as a result of experience. While the brain is plastic throughout life, during early development, the nervous system seems much more sensitive to changes in neural activity or experience. During postnatal critical or sensitive periods, sensory experience can significantly restructure cortical networks, leading to long-term changes in central representations that can affect perception and behavior. This chapter reviews how the parameters of the acoustic environment and inhibitory circuitry can regulate cortical plasticity during early life experience. It highlights newly identified cortical circuit elements that are specifically recruited to engage critical-period plasticity mechanisms.
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Types and Their Functional Specialization
Authors: Emery Edward C. , Ernfors Patrik 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) respond and relay sensations that are felt, such as those for touch, pain, temperature, itch, and more. The ability to discriminate between the various types of stimuli is reflected by the existence of specialized DRG neurons tuned to respond to specific stimuli. Because of this, a comprehensive classification of DRG neurons is critical for determining exactly how somatosensation works and for providing insights into cell types involved during chronic pain. This article reviews the recent advances in unbiased classification of molecular types of DRG neurons in the perspective of known functions as well as predicted functions based on gene expression profiles. The data show that sensory neurons are organized in a basal structure of three cold-sensitive neuron types, five mechano-heat sensitive nociceptor types, four A-Low threshold mechanoreceptor types, five itch-mechano-heat–sensitive nociceptor types and a single C–low-threshold mechanoreceptor type with a strong relation between molecular neuron types and functional types. As a general feature, each neuron type displays a unique and predicable response profile; at the same time, most neuron types convey multiple modalities and intensities. Therefore, sensation is likely determined by the summation of ensembles of active primary afferent types. The new classification scheme will be instructive in determining the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying somatosensation, facilitating the development of rational strategies to identify causes for chronic pain.
US Fertility Rates and Childbearing in American Economic History, 1800–2010
Authors: Bailey Martha J. , Hershbein Brad J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Over the past two centuries, the United States has witnessed dramatic changes in fertility rates and childbearing. This chapter describes shifts in childbearing and family size from 1800 to 2010 and describes the role of different factors in this evolution. Demand factors such as industrialization, urbanization, rising family incomes, public health improvements, and the growth in women’s wages generally reduced the benefits and raised the costs of having many children. Supply factors such as increases in infant and child survival and improvements in the technology of contraception and abortion have also altered parents’ decisions about their childbearing. This chapter summarizes the long-run trends in US fertility rates and completed childbearing, both overall and by mothers’ race/ethnicity and geography. Next, it evaluates evidence on the determinants of childbearing, including both economic and demographic explanations for these patterns. A final section weighs the evidence supporting the existence of two fertility transitions.
Natural Resources in American Economic History
Authors: Wright Gavin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This chapter surveys the role of natural resources in American economic history, from colonial times to the present. The central theme is that natural resources do indeed have a history: to a very considerable degree, American resource abundance has been “socially constructed” through responses to economic incentives, investments in transportation, and development of technologies of exploration and extraction using advanced forms of knowledge. During the nineteenth century, Americans adapted their technologies and consumption patterns toward wood to an extent unmatched in the world at that time. The country’s rise to world leadership in minerals was not based primarily on geological endowment, but on an accommodating legal environment, expansion of the infrastructure of public knowledge, and investment in higher mining education. Recent American developments in shale oil and shale gas confirm the historical generalization that natural resources are not given by nature but by policy choices and human behavior.
Housing in American Economic History
Authors: Snowden Kenneth , Fetter Daniel , Rose Jonathan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Housing finance in the United States has changed considerably since the late nineteenth century. Institutional lenders gradually displaced individual investors, experiments with securitization flourished and then receded, mortgage contracts evolved, and the Great Depression of the 1930s led to nationwide declines in real estate prices, a major housing finance crisis, and the advent of federal government involvement in the residential mortgage market with a slate of new programs. Over the same long period, home ownership has risen, though most of the increase was concentrated in the period from 1940 to 1960, and the quality of the housing stock has improved.
Welfare Policy
Authors: Fishback Price V. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The expansion of the safety net in the United States was one of the major changes in the economy in the twentieth century. The public safety net evolved from poverty relief programs run by local governments and private charities to a much larger system dominated by social insurance programs run by different mixtures of the federal and state governments. These included such social insurance programs as Social Security, workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance, and disability insurance, as well as the public assistance programs that are commonly described as welfare programs. This chapter surveys the work done by economic historians on how and why the US safety net expanded during the formative years of the early twentieth century and the impact of those changes.
Classic Philosophical Approaches to Lying and Deception
Authors: Mahon James Edwin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the classic philosophical approaches to lying and deception by Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates. It deals with the morality of lying. Two important traditions are traced back to Plato, who sought to justify lying under certain circumstances, and Aristotle, who condemned all lies. The views of the moral absolutists Augustine, Aquinas, and Kant are clearly influenced by Aristotle. Yet even Aristotle permitted certain types of lies, for instance, self-deprecating lies told by the magnanimous person. Therefore, Socrates, the teacher of Plato, can be seen as a better prospect for holding a moral absolutist view among the ancient Greeks. While being part of the moral absolutist tradition, the moral absolutists Augustine, Aquinas, and Kant sought to develop positions different from those founded on Plato and Aristotle.
Individual and Sexual Network Predictors of HIV Incidence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Nigeria
Authors: Nowak Rebecca G. , Mitchell Andrew , Crowell Trevor A. , Liu Hongjie , Ketende Sosthenes , Ramadhani Habib O. , Ndembi Nicaise , Adebajo Sylvia , Ake Julie , Michael Nelson L. , Blattner William A. , Baral Stefan D. , Charurat Manhattan E. ,   on behalf of the TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Published: December 2018

Background:
To date, HIV incidence studies among men who have sex with men (MSM) across sub-Saharan Africa have focused on studying sexual risk practices with less focus on sexual networks.

Setting:
TRUST/RV368 conducted in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria, recruited MSM using respondent-driven sampling and followed HIV-negative men for incident infection over 4 years.

Methods:
Four-hundred forty-one HIV-uninfected MSM underwent a parallel rapid HIV testing algorithm every 3 months for up to 18 months. HIV incidence per 100 person-years (PY) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression. Individual and network characteristics were examined using multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression adjusted and unadjusted for respondent-driven sampling weights.

Results:
Among cohort members with a median age of 23 years [interquartile range (IQR): 20–27], 81 HIV infections occurred over 527 PY (incidence 15.4/100 PY; 95% CI: 12.3 to 19.0). The incidence rate was highest among 16–19 year olds as compared to those 25 years or older (30.9/100 PY; 95% CI: 22.1 to 45.3 vs. 6.9/100 PY; 95% CI: 4.2 to 10.9, respectively). Individual determinants included receptive partnerships, condomless sex, no history of testing for HIV, and rectal gonorrhea. Sexual networks were larger and consisted of an older sexual partner, although there was no clustering by recruitment networks.

Conclusions:
These HIV incidence data reinforce the unmet HIV prevention needs among young MSM in Nigeria. Even in the context of emerging HIV diagnostic and prevention strategies, structural challenges including stigma and criminalization of same-sex practices highlight the need for novel implementation approaches in the context of MSM-friendly services.
A Rare Cause for Recurrent Implant-Related Inflammation of Orbit: Dacryocystitis
Authors: Gümüş Zehra Betül , Gümüş Nazim 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Ultra-thin porous polyethylene has been widely preferred in orbital blow out fracture repair for many years as a safe and stable material. Delayed complications related to the implant in orbital blow out fracture repair are very rare and usually begin as a periorbital inflammation. Infections and tissue reaction to the foreign body are regarded as main causes for implant-related inflammation of which symptoms may vary among the patients and may involve subacute and chronic eyelid swelling, skin redness, pain, conjunctival injection, proptosis, and acute orbital inflammation.
Presented here is a patient of recurrent periorbital inflammation who underwent orbital floor repair with ultra-thin porous polyethylene sheet which was complicated by dacryocystitis in the late follow-up period.