bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted discovery of polyketides with antioxidant activity through integrated omics and cocultivation strategies
Authors: Wang Cancan , Wang Chenjie , Liu Yanjun , Yue Yujie , Lu Xingyue , Wang Hong , Ying Youmin , Chen Jianwei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Fungi generate a diverse array of bioactive compounds with significant pharmaceutical applications. However, the chemical diversity of natural products in fungi remains largely unexplored. Here, we present a paradigm for specifically discovering diverse and bioactive compounds from fungi by integrating genome mining with building block molecular network and coculture analysis. Through pangenome and sequence similarity network analysis, we identified a rare type I polyketide enzyme from
Penicillium
sp. ZJUT-34. Subsequent building block molecular network and coculture strategy led to the identification and isolation of a pair of novel polyketides, (±)-peniphenone E [(±)−
1
], three known polyketides (
2–4
), and three precursor compounds (
5–7
) from a combined culture of
Penicillium
sp. ZJUT-34 and
Penicillium
sp. ZJUT23. Their structures were established through extensive spectroscopic analysis, including NMR and HRESIMS. Chiral HPLC separation of compound
1
yielded a pair of enantiomers (+)−
1
and (−)−
1
, with their absolute configurations determined using calculated ECD methods. Compound (±)−
1
is notable for its unprecedented structure, featuring a unique 2-methyl-hexenyl-3-one moiety fused with a polyketide clavatol core. We proposed a hypothetical biosynthetic pathway for (±)−
1
. Furthermore, compounds
2
,
5
, and
6
exhibited strong antioxidant activity, whereas (−)−
1
, (+)−
1
,
3
, and four exhibited moderate antioxidant activity compared to the positive control, ascorbic acid. Our research demonstrates a pioneering strategy for uncovering novel polyketides by merging genome mining, metabolomics, and cocultivation methods. This approach addresses the challenge of discovering natural compounds produced by rare biosynthetic enzymes that are often silent under conventional conditions due to gene regulation.

IMPORTANCE

Polyketides, particularly those with complex structures, are crucial in drug development and synthesis. This study introduces a novel approach to discover new polyketides by integrating genomics, metabolomics, and cocultivation strategies. By combining genome mining, building block molecular networks, and coculturing techniques, we identified and isolated a unique polyketide, (±)-peniphenone E, along with three known polyketides and three precursor compounds from
Penicillium
sp. ZJUT-34 and
Penicillium
sp. ZJUT23. This approach highlights the potential of using combined strategies to explore fungal chemical diversity and discover novel bioactive compounds. The successful identification of (±)-peniphenone E, with its distinctive structure, demonstrates the effectiveness of this integrated method in enhancing natural product discovery and underscores the value of innovative approaches in natural product research.
How does a soft collision orogen uplift and collapse? Insight from the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Wang Honghui , Ma Xinghua , Hawkesworth Chris J. , Seltmann Reimar , Lai Yong , Guo Chunli , Zhu Di-Cheng , Wilde Simon A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The mechanism of uplift and collapse is critical for understanding orogenic evolution within the Wilson cycle. The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) represents one of the largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogens on Earth, experiencing terminal soft collision following the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. However, the timing and mechanism of crustal thickening and thinning in the eastern CAOB remain unclear. Here, we present geochronological, mineralogical, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data of the newly identified Late Triassic bimodal dike associations in the easternmost CAOB. The ca. 236–230 Ma mafic dikes can be divided into two groups based on petrographic and geochemical characteristics. Major element modeling using the MELTS software indicates that they evolved via independent differentiation paths. Trace element and isotope simulations reveal that the ca. 236–230 Ma mafic dikes originated from the 4%–10% partial melting of spinel- to garnet-lherzolite lithospheric mantle sources over a range of depths, with varying inputs of asthenospheric mantle materials. Coeval ca. 233 Ma felsic dikes exhibit adakitic geochemical characteristics and strong imprints of crust-mantle interaction, suggesting derivation from melting of a heated juvenile mafic lower crust as a result of the upwelling of asthenospheric mantle. The formation of bimodal dike associations records the transition from lithospheric mantle thinning to delamination. Integrating a large dataset and employing multiple geochemical proxies, our results reveal that the crust of the easternmost CAOB reached a thickness of 54 ± 3 km at ca. 280–255 Ma, likely resulting from magmatic underplating due to rollback of the subducting Paleo-Asian Oceanic slab. This region underwent a further slight increase in crustal thickness to 61 ± 2 km at ca. 254–237 Ma in response to limited tectonic shortening associated with soft collision orogeny before it thinned to 45 ± 13 km at ca. 236–210 Ma due to lithospheric delamination during post-collisional extension. Our findings reveal that the uplift of the eastern CAOB was primarily driven by magmatic underplating, with minimal contribution from tectonic shortening. Lithospheric delamination emerged as an important factor leading to the eventual collapse of the eastern CAOB. Compared to typical hard collisional orogens (e.g., the Himalaya-Tibet orogen), the CAOB experienced significantly weaker tectonic shortening followed by similar lithospheric delamination during post-collisional extension. This study highlights the importance of integrating geochemical and isotopic data in quantifying the complex evolutionary histories of ancient collisional orogenic belts.
Supplemental Material: A dendritic growth mechanism for producing oscillatory zoning in igneous zircon
Authors: Gillespie Jack , al. et 
Published: November 2024

<p> The supplemental text describes the analytical methods applied and the geological background of the samples studied in this work. Figures S1–S3 contain additional SEM images, EPMA compositional maps, and plots of EPMA spot analyses of zircon grains from the Torres del Paine sample described in the text. Table S1 shows EPMA spot analyses of zircon depicted in Figs. 1D–1E and in Fig. 3. </p>
Association between measures of kidney function and preserved ratio impaired spirometry in diabetes: NHANES 2007–2012
Authors: Patel Ikramulhaq , Gong Hong-Jian , Xu Hui , Chai Yin-He , Qiao Yu-Shun , Zhang Jin-Yan , Zhang Meng-Ting , Stehouwer Coen D A , Zhou Jianbo 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the relationship between measures of kidney function and impaired lung function in individuals with diabetes and to assess all-cause mortality risk associated with having chronic kidney disease (CKD) and or impaired lung function.DesignCross-sectional and retrospective cohort study.SettingThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2012.ParticipantsA total of 10 809 participants aged over 20 years were included in this study: 9503 with normal spirometry, 951 with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) and 355 with variable obstruction (VO).Exposure and outcome measuresKidney function measures, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), were considered exposure variables. PRISm and VO were outcome variables. PRISm was defined as a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)<80% predicted and an FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio≥0.7, while VO was defined as an FEV1/FVC ratio <0.7 prebronchodilator and ≥0.7 postbronchodilator. In the cross-sectional analysis, multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between kidney function measures and spirometry findings. In the retrospective cohort analysis, Cox proportional hazards models were employed to evaluate the impact of having PRISm or VO, combined with CKD, on all-cause mortality.ResultsAn increase in UACR was significantly associated with higher odds of PRISm (OR (95% CI)=1.10 (1.01, 1.21), p=0.03). Additionally, eGFR <60 was associated with the odds of variable obstructive lung function (OR (95% CI)=1.72 (1.07, 2.74), p=0.03) compared with eGFR >60. After adjustments, an increase in UACR was associated with higher odds of PRISm in individuals with diabetes (OR (95% CI)=1.21 (1.08, 1.36), p=0.002), and UACR ≥300 mg/g significantly increased odds of having PRISm in idividuals with diabetes (OR (95% CI)=2.34 (1.23, 4.47), p=0.01). During a mean follow-up of 12.3 years, 10 500 deaths occurred. In the diabetic group, compared with normal spirometry without CKD, those with both PRISm and CKD had a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR (95% CI)=3.46 (1.94, 6.16), p<0.0001).ConclusionAn elevated UACR and albuminuria were linked to a higher risk of PRISm. Our study emphasises that kidney and lung function are correlated. Further research is necessary to confirm our findings.
Prevalence of falls in the last weeks of life and relationship between falls, independence and quality of dying in Japan: a large prospective cohort study
Authors: Otani Hiroyuki , Shimoinaba Junichi , Kashiwagi Hideyuki , Morita Tatsuya , Maeda Isseki , Yokomichi Naosuke , Hamano Jun , Yamaguchi Takashi , Mori Masanori 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the frequency of falls and their serious complications in palliative care units (PCUs), as well as explore the complex interplay between falls, independence and quality of dying.DesignA prospective cohort study.Setting and participantsThe dying process of patients with advanced cancer in 23 PCUs in Japan.Outcome measuresPalliative care specialist physicians recorded whether patients experienced falls, serious complications from falls, activities that led to falls, independence (workability in the last days and use of indwelling urinary catheter) and Good Death Scale as an indicator of quality of dying.ResultsOf the 1633 patients evaluated, 150 patients (9.2%; 95% CI 7.8% to 11%) experienced falls within 30 days prior to death. The patients who fell were mostly men, had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 3 on admission, a longer estimated prognosis on admission and delirium during hospitalisation. Serious falls causing fractures or intracranial haemorrhages were rare in five patients (0.3%; 95% CI 0.038% to 0.57%). The most common reason for falls was the need to use the toilet (64.7%). The Good Death Scale and indwelling urinary catheter use were not significantly associated with falls (p=0.34; p=0.34).ConclusionFalls occur in approximately 10% of patients in PCUs, but serious complications are rare. The relationship between falls, independence and quality of dying is complex, that is, a fall may not be necessarily bad, if it is the result of respect for the patient’s independence. Healthcare providers need to consider fall prevention while supporting patients’ desire to move on their own to maintain independence.
Effectiveness and clinical relevance of kinesio taping in musculoskeletal disorders: a protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and evidence mapping
Authors: Mo Qingcong , Xu Siqi , Hu Fangfei , Zheng Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionKinesio taping (KT) has been extensively applied in the management of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Although plentiful systematic reviews (SRs) have evaluated its efficacy, there are no convincing conclusions due to dispersed and inconclusive results, and its clinical relevance remains unclear. Hence, there is a need to summarise all the SRs for comprehensive and consistent evidence. This overview aims to appraise the overall effectiveness of KT in MSDs and provide evidence maps to visualise the findings.Method and analysisElectronic databases (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Embase, Epistemonikos, PEDro, Scopus and ISI Web of Science) and reference lists will be searched from inception to September 2024 for the SRs of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The SRs involving comparisons of the effectiveness between single or adjunctive KT and other interventions for patients with MSDs will be included. The primary and additional outcomes to be considered will be the core outcome set, and the patient-reported outcome measure and patient-important outcome, respectively. Two reviewers will independently screen and select studies, extract the data and evaluate the reporting and methodological quality of eligible SRs as well as the risk of bias of included RCTs. For the SRs without meta-analysis, we will collate the number of RCTs that showed any differences in outcomes. For the SRs with meta-analysis, we will provide the original summary of evidence (eg, pooled effects and heterogeneity) for outcomes with an evaluation of missing results and clinical relevance. The certainty of each outcome will be measured, and user-friendly maps of findings will be presented graphically.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval for this study is not required since the data will be only collected from published literature in public databases. The results will be disseminated in the peer-reviewed academic journal, and relevant datasets will be preserved in the online repository.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024517528.
Automated oxygen administration versus manual control in acute cardiovascular care: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Taraldsen Ida Arentz , Grand Johannes , Lukoschewitz Jasmin Dam , Seven Ekim , Dixen Ulrik , Petersen Morten , Rytoft Laura , Jakobsen Marie Munk , Hansen Ejvind Frausing , Hove Jens Dahlgaard 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundOxygen therapy is commonly administered to patients with acute cardiovascular conditions during hospitalisation. Both hypoxaemia and hyperoxia can cause harm, making it essential to maintain oxygen saturation (SpO2) within a target range. Traditionally, oxygen administration is manually controlled by nursing staff, guided by intermittent pulse oximetry readings. This study aimed to compare standard manual oxygen administration with automated oxygen administration (AOA) using the O2matic device.MethodsIn this randomised controlled trial, 60 patients admitted to a cardiac department with an acute cardiovascular condition requiring oxygen therapy were randomised to either standard care (manual oxygen administration) or AOA via the O2matic device. The primary outcome was the percentage of time spent within the desired SpO2range (92%–96% or 94%–98%) over 24 hours.ResultsPatients had a mean age of 75.8±12.4 years, with an average SpO2of 93%. Those in the AOA group (n=25) spent significantly more time within the target SpO2range (median 87.0% vs 60.6%, p<0.001) compared with the standard care group (n=28). Time spent below the desired SpO2range was significantly lower in the AOA group (7.9% vs 33.6%, p<0.001). No significant differences in time spent above the desired SpO2range were observed between the two groups.ConclusionsAOA with the O2matic device is superior to standard manual control in maintaining SpO2within the target range in patients hospitalised with acute cardiovascular conditions. The automated systems significantly reduce the time spent in hypoxaemia without increasing hyperoxia.Trial registration numberNCT05452863.
Prevalence and relevance of H558R in the efficacy and toxicity of flecainide in patients with atrial fibrillation: a cohort study
Authors: Trincado Ave Mauro , Brion Maria , Blanco-Verea Alejandro , Tilves Carlos , Pérez Hermilla Martin , Minguito Carazo Carlos , Garcia Seara Javier , González-Juanatey Jose Ramon , Rodriguez-Mañero Moisés 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe SCN5A gene polymorphism histidine-558-to-arginine (H558R) has been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and may affect the therapeutic effects of flecainide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of the H558R polymorphism in a European cohort of patients with AF and examine its association with flecainide’s effects on AF recurrence and toxicity.MethodsThis cohort study included patients diagnosed with AF and prescribed flecainide between 2017 and 2021 in a regional health area. Patients without the polymorphism (H558R−/−) were compared with heterozygous patients (H558R+/−) for a primary outcome of combined 6-month AF recurrence or toxicity. Secondary analyses evaluated the long-term outcomes and compared the prevalence of H558R in the AF cohort to a general population sample (n=3401).ResultsA total of 104 patients were enrolled, with 57% H558R−/−, 37% H558R+/− and 6% H558R+/+. The prevalence of the H558R polymorphism was significantly higher in the AF cohort than in the general population (43.27% vs 24.37%, prevalence ratio 1.78, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.23, p<0.01). H558R+/− patients had a significantly lower risk of 6-month AF recurrence or toxicity (p=0.023, risk ratio 0.423, 95% CI 0.189 to 0.947), corresponding to an absolute risk difference of 21.5%. These findings were similar in the multivariable analysis. In long-term follow-up, H558R+/− patients continued to demonstrate a lower risk of AF recurrence or toxicity (p=0.039, HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.276 to 0.999).ConclusionsThe H558R polymorphism is more prevalent in patients with AF compared with the general population and its presence is associated with a more favourable response to flecainide treatment.
Resistance training, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and glucose homeostasis: how related are they? A Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Paquin J. , Tremblay R. , Islam H. , Riesco E. , Marcotte-Chénard A. , Dionne I.J. 
Published: November 2024

Resistance training (RT) promotes skeletal muscle (Skm) hypertrophy, increases muscular strength, and improves metabolic health. Whether changes in fat-free mass (FFM; a surrogate marker of muscle hypertrophy) moderate RT-induced improvements in glucose homeostasis has not been determined, despite extensive research on the benefits of RT for health and performance. The aim of this meta-analysis is to examine whether RT-induced Skm hypertrophy drives improvements in glucose metabolism and to explore confounders, such as biological sex and training parameters. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using variance random effects. Meta-regressions were performed for confounding factors depending on the heterogeneity ( I2). Analyses from 33 intervention studies revealed significant within-study increases in FFM with a moderate effect size (within-studies: (effect size; ES = 0.24 [0.10; 0.39]; p = 0.002; I2 = 56%) and a tendency for significance when compared with control groups (ES = 0.42 [−0.04–0.88]; p = 0.07). Within-study significant increases in glucose tolerance (2 h glucose: ES = −0.3 [−0.50; −0.11]; p < 0.01; I2 = 43%; glucose area under the curve (AUC): −0.40 [−0.66; −0.13] I2 = 76.1%; p < 0.01) and insulin sensitivity (ES = 0.38 [0.13; 0.62]; I2 = 53.0%; p < 0.01) were also apparent with RT. When compared to control groups, there was no significant difference in 2 h glucose, nor in glucose AUC from baseline in RT intervention groups. Meta-regression analyses failed to consistently reveal increases in FFM as a moderator of glucose homeostasis. Other mixed-effect models were also unsuccessful to unveil biological sex or training parameters as moderators of FFM increases and glucose homeostasis changes. Although Skm hypertrophy and improvements in glycemic control occur concurrently during RT, changes in these variables were not always related. Well-controlled trials including detailed description of training parameters are needed to inform RT guidelines for improving metabolic health. Registration and protocol number (Prospero): CRD42023397362.
Coffee Green Bean Defect Detection Method Based on an Improved YOLOv8 Model
Authors: Ji Yuanhao , Xu Jinpu , Yan Beibei 
Published: November 2024

This research is aimed at addressing the significant challenges of detecting and classifying green coffee beans, with a particular focus on identifying defective coffee beans—an important task for improving coffee quality and market value. The main challenge is to accurately detect small and visually subtle defects in coffee beans in real‐world production environments with a large number of beans, varying lighting conditions, and complex backgrounds. To address these challenges, we propose a YOLOv8n‐based object detection model that employs several innovative strategies aimed at improving detection performance and robustness.Our research includes the introduction of WIoUv3 and the development of the Atn‐C3Ghost module, which integrates the ECA mechanism with the C3Ghost module to refine the feature extraction and improve the accuracy of the model.In order to validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we conducted comprehensive comparison and ablation experiments. In addition, we compared the C3Ghost structure in combination with various attentional mechanisms to determine their impact on the model’s detection ability. We also conducted ablation studies to evaluate the respective contributions of WIoUv3, ECA, and C3Ghost to overall model performance.The experimental results show that the YOLOv8n‐based model enhanced with WIoUv3, ECA, and C3Ghost achieves an accuracy of 99.0% in detecting green coffee beans, which is significantly better than other YOLO models. This study not only provides a practical solution for green coffee bean detection but also provides a valuable framework for addressing similar challenges in other small object detection tasks.
Patient Awareness, Education, and Support for Atopic Dermatitis in Egypt and Lebanon: Results of a Physician Survey and Social Analytics
Authors: ElSayed Mahira , Ragab Magdy , El Khoury Jinane , Kurban Mazen , Ghoubar Marcelle , Hassan Nehal 
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim: Atopic dermatitis (AD) impacts the quality of life of patients and their families. This survey‐based study aimed to understand the perspectives of physicians in Egypt and Lebanon regarding available educational initiatives and support programs for patients with AD, which was complemented by the social analytics study, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the perceptions of AD among social media users.Methods: The survey included 200 physicians, comprising primary care physicians, family medicine physicians, pediatricians, and dermatologists from Egypt and Lebanon. The social analytics study leveraged artificial intelligence to analyze 100 million websites across the region, identifying mentions of AD‐related terminologies.Results: The physician survey uncovered gaps in AD awareness and education in Egypt and Lebanon, with limited educational initiatives and digital applications available for patients. The perceptions of physicians varied regarding the use of telemedicine in dermatological disease management. According to the social analytics study, online discussions about AD predominantly originated from Egypt, featuring educational content on causes, diagnosis, management, and AD patient journey. Discussions included news about training programs, AD‐related healthcare initiatives, and drug approvals. Some authors, beauty clinics, and manufacturers actively promoted their services and products. Patients actively engaged in online discussions on self‐care and natural remedies, sharing their experiences of living with AD. Notably, there were substantial volumes of incorrect and inaccurate information being shared and promoted by some authors.Conclusion: Education about AD is crucial for patients and healthcare professionals. While social media offers opportunities for increased patient engagement, the prevalence of misinformation poses a significant challenge. Addressing issues related to education and discerning misinformation is essential for achieving optimal outcomes in the management of AD within the region.