bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of physical exercise on negative emotions in adolescents: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Tong , Li Weicheng , Deng Jiaxin , Zhang Qiubo , Liu Yongfeng 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundAdolescence is also accompanied by ongoing mood changes (relative to childhood and adulthood), which can trigger more extreme negative emotional responses. Physical exercise alleviates negative emotions and reduces the risk of mental illness. However, the effect of physical exercise on negative emotions in adolescents is unclear, so it is valuable to synthesize previous studies with meta-analysis.ObjectiveTo examine the influence of physical exercise (PE) intervention on negative emotions in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years.MethodsWe retrieved the articles from PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane, and Embase up to April 11, 2024. The main search terms were physical exercise, negative emotions, adolescents, randomized controlled trials. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3. A random-effects model was employed to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroups were analysed as the type of negative emotions, type of control group, intervention type, duration, time, frequency.ResultsThe PE intervention group exhibited a significantly superior improvement in alleviating negative emotions compared to the control group (SMD = -0.59, 95% CI: -0.92 to -0.26, p &lt; 0.01, Z = 3.50, I² = 95%). PE was particularly effective in mitigating adolescent depression (SMD = -0.67, 95% CI = -1.07 to -0.28, p &lt; 0.01, I² = 96%) but did not yield significant results in reducing adolescent anxiety (SMD = -0.29, 95% CI = -0.63 to 0.05, p = 0.10, I² = 95%).ConclusionPE intervention can ameliorate negative emotions in adolescents.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024534375.
Intergenerational crosstalk of brain-gut axis in parental Nd2O3 exposure-induced offspring neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction: a mechanistic study
Authors: Jia Yujing , Cao Jing , Guo Yan , Wu Lihong , Du Xiaoyan , Tang Bofu , Xia Bingtao , Deng Yang 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionRare earth elements (REEs) are widely used in plenty of fields. REEs have significant neurotoxicity and it may adversely affect the development of cognitive. For example, neodymium will causing neurological damage through penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, whether it disrupts the balance of brain-gut axis (BGA) crosstalk and affects the intestinal microecology disorder of host is still unclear. This study investigated the neural damage on children caused by maternal exposure to Neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) during pregnancy, and its involved mechanism of BGA injury.MethodsWe used rat model to investigated the mechanisms of the offspring’s neural damage that Nd2O3 exposure in pregnancy. To verify the neural damage of offspring rats, we examed BBB-related factors, such like glutamate and ROS levels in brain tissue, behavioral tests, hippocampal and cortical damage, as well as changes in gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal barrier, and SCFAs in the intestine. Also, we observed some specific indicators of intestinal immune barrier function and gut nerve-related indicators.ResultsMaternal Nd2O3 exposure reduced the content of offspring tight junction proteins, increased BBB permeability, leading to Nd accumulation and brain tissue inflammation, affecting offspring’s neural development and weakening their spatial learning ability. Nd2O3 also disrupted BBB integrity by regulating SCFAs and BGA. Probiotic intervention in the offspring rats exposed to 2% Nd2O3 showed significant recovery of inflammation in both brain and colon tissues, and reduced BBB permeability.ConclusionMaternal exposure to Nd2O3 affects the offspring’s BGA, targeting brain and colon tissues, increasing BBB permeability, affecting neural development, causing damage to the intestinal mucosa, and impacting children’s gut development. Probiotics can alleviate these effects. These findings provide valuable insights into understanding the neurodevelopmental and intestinal developmental toxicity of Nd2O3 and its prevention and treatment. It also calls for a comprehensive assessment of the health risks of susceptible populations to Nd2O3, such as pregnant women. It may providing theoretical basis for preventing and controlling neodymium-induced harm in children by examing the repair mechanism of the damage through probiotic intervention.
Ibuprofen encapsulation inside non-conventional O/W Pickering emulsions stabilized with partially hydrophobized silica
Authors: Ramos Diego , Sapin-Minet Anne , Marchal Philippe , Parent Marianne , Sadtler Véronique , Roques-Carmes Thibault 
Published: November 2024

The encapsulation of active ingredients is an important process in various industrial sectors including pharmaceutics, foods and cosmetics. For the first time, the capacity of non-conventional anti-Bancroft oil-in-water Pickering emulsions stabilized by partially hydrophobized silica to encapsulate an apolar active is addressed. A dispersed phase volume of paraffin oil of 50% coupled to 0.5 wt.% of silica has been employed to avoid excess of silica in the continuous phase and encapsulate higher amount of ibuprofen (the model drug). Three ibuprofen contents ranging from 100 mg (1.6 mg/mL of paraffin) to 420 mg (6 mg/mL of paraffin) have been tested. The encapsulation efficiency as well as the emulsions properties are investigated by the means of light diffusion, microscopy, rheology, and HPLC coupled to mass balance. The Pickering emulsion is very efficient for the encapsulation of ibuprofen with encapsulation rates of 99% obtained inside droplets of 30 µm for all the 3 ibuprofen concentrations. This encapsulation ability is perfectly maintained, whether during ageing (during 90 days), or when the emulsion is diluted by a factor 100 inside physiological media at basic and acidic pH.
The effect of lumbar multifidus muscle degeneration on upper lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Wang Bingwen , Xu Lifei , Teng Peng , Nie Lin , Yue Hongwei 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effect of lumbar multifidus muscle (MF) degeneration on upper lumbar disc herniation (ULDH).MethodsThis study used 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 axial weighted images to retrospectively analyze 93 ULDH patients and 111 healthy participants. Sixty-five pairs of participants were included in this study using propensity score matching (PSM). Cross-sectional area, fat infiltration area, anteroposterior diameter (APD), lateral diameter (LD), cross-sectional area of the bilateral multifidus muscles at the corresponding level, intervertebral disc area at the corresponding section, and visual analog scale (VAS) score for low back pain (LBP). For inter-group comparisons, we used the t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test, according to the type of data. We used Pearson correlation analysis to study the correlation between the VAS score and related indicators, and established a predictive model for upper lumbar disc herniation using the receive operative characteristic (ROC) curve analysis method. Finally, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to establish a predictive model for the risk of high lumbar disc herniation.ResultsWe compared the fat areas at the lumbar vertebral levels L1/2, L2/3, and L3/4, as well as the left lateral diameter (LD) (MF), L1/2 left lumbar multifidus muscle index (LMFI), and L1/2 total fat infiltration cross-section area (TFCSA), and found significant differences between the case and control groups (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, we observed a significant positive correlation (P &lt; 0.05) between the VAS scores and multiple muscle indicators. Additionally, we developed ROC prediction models to assess the risk of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion at the L1/2, L2/3, and L3/4 levels, with the results identifying L1/2 TFCSA, L2/3 TFCSA, and L3/4 relative psoas major muscle cross-section area (rPMCSA) as the most predictive indicators. Finally, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the L1/2 rPMCSA, L2/3 TFCSA were significantly associated with the risk of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion in both models.ConclusionDegeneration of the MF is significantly correlated with the occurrence of ULDH, and the larger the area of fat infiltration in the MF, the more obvious the lower back pain in ULDH patients. In addition, TFCSA can serve as an indicator of the occurrence of ULDH.
Long term outcomes from the early days of minimally invasive thymoma surgery for Myasthenia Gravis patients: a follow-up of 19 years
Authors: Kaba Erkan , Özkan Berker , Kakuturu Jahnavi , Yardımcı Eyüp Halit , Erdoğdu Eren , Çimenoğlu Berk , Duman Salih , Toker Alper 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundLong-term survival outcomes are crucial for accurately determining the effectiveness of treatment in an indolent disease like thymoma. We aimed to analyze the clinical findings in terms of survival and relapse patterns with a median follow up of 105 months (8.7 years) in patients with thymoma and myasthenia gravis who underwent minimally invasive surgery between 2002 and 2015.MethodsA total of 59 pathologically confirmed Masaoka Stage I and II thymoma patients with Myasthenia Gravis (MG) who underwent minimally invasive thymoma resection were included in this study. Primary aim of this study is to evaluate recurrences, overall and disease free survival in patients with a thymoma and MG in the long run. We also aimed to study the changes in Myasthenia Gravis medication during the follow-up.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 47.6 +/13.5 years. Seventeen patients were at Masaoka Stage I and 42 were at Masaoka Stage II. The median follow-up time was 105 months. The mean size of the tumor was 3.6 cm +/16.2 cm. Twenty-one patients (35%) received adjuvant radiotherapy. There was no postoperative mortality and median length of hospital stay was 4 days. Two patients developed recurrences both presented with pleural metastases. Eight patients died because of non-oncologic pathologies. 10-year disease free survival and overall survival rates were calculated to 96.6% and 86.4% respectively.ConclusionThe 10-year survival analysis and current myasthenic status of stage I-II thymoma patients with myasthenia gravis who underwent minimally invasive surgery demonstrate that these procedures are both safe and effective.
Armillaria mellea Mycelia Alleviate PM2.5-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Murine Models
Authors: Huang Yi-Ping , Huang Yu-Tsen , Wu Hui-Yu , Chou Li-Fang , Tsai You-Shan , Jiang Yih-Min , Chen Wan-Ping , Lin Ting-Wei , Chen Chin-Chu , Lai Chih-Ho 
Published: November 2024

Particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) significantly contributes to various disease-related respiratory inflammations. Armillaria mellea, recognized for its medicinal properties, could alleviate these respiratory ailments. However, its efficacy against PM2.5-induced inflammation remains elusive. In this study, we investigated whether A. mellea mycelia could mitigate PM2.5-induced respiratory inflammation and assessed the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that A. mellea mycelia significantly reduced PM2.5-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in macrophages. Furthermore, A. mellea mycelia suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators, indicating their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In murine models, A. mellea mycelia mitigated PM2.5-induced lung inflammation and cytokine secretion, restoring lung inflammatory status. Our results highlight the potential of A. mellea mycelia to treat PM2.5-induced respiratory inflammation. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of A. mellea mycelia demonstrated in vitro and in vivo hold promising potential for developing respiratory health improvement interventions upon PM2.5 exposure.
The Gene Cluster Cj0423–Cj0425 Negatively Regulates Biofilm Formation in Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Wang Zhi , Wu Yuwei , Liu Ming , Chen Ling , Xiao Kaishan , Huang Zhenying , Zhao Yibing , Wang Huixian , Ding Yu , Lin Xiuhua , Zeng Jiahui , Peng Feiting , Zhang Jumei , Wang Juan , Wu Qingping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a zoonotic foodborne pathogen that is widely distributed worldwide. Its optimal growth environment is microaerophilic conditions (5% O2, 10% CO2), but it can spread widely in the atmospheric environment. Biofilms are thought to play an important role in this process. However, there are currently relatively few research works on the regulatory mechanisms of C. jejuni biofilm formation. In this study, a pan-genome analysis, combined with the analysis of biofilm phenotypic information, revealed that the gene cluster Cj0423–Cj0425 is associated with the negative regulation of biofilm formation in C. jejuni. Through gene knockout experiments, it was observed that the Cj0423–Cj0425 mutant strain significantly increased biofilm formation and enhanced flagella formation. Furthermore, pull-down assay revealed that Cj0424 interacts with 93 proteins involved in pathways such as fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism, and it also contains the quorum sensing-related gene luxS. This suggests that Cj0423–Cj0425 affects fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism, influencing quorum sensing and strain motility, ultimately inhibiting biofilm formation.
OsbHLH5 Synergically Regulates Phenolamide and Diterpenoid Phytoalexins Involved in the Defense of Rice Against Pathogens
Authors: Zhou Shen , Zhang Ran , Wang Qiming , Zhu Jinjin , Zhou Junjie , Sun Yangyang , Shen Shuangqian , Luo Jie 
Published: November 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa) produces phenolamides and diterpenoids as major phytoalexins. Although the biosynthetic pathways of phenolamides and diterpenoids in plants have been revealed, knowledge of their accumulation regulatory mechanisms remains limited, and, in particular, no co-regulatory factor has been identified to date. Here, using a combined co-expression and evolutionary analysis, we identified the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor OsbHLH5 as a positive bifunctional regulator of phenolamide and diterpenoid biosynthesis in rice. Metabolomic analysis revealed that OsbHLH5 significantly increased the content of phenolamides (such as feruloyl tryptamine (Fer-Trm) and p-coumaroyl tyramine (Cou-Tyr)) and diterpenoid phytoalexins (such as momilactones A, momilactones B) in the overexpression lines, while their content was reduced in the OsbHLH5 knockout lines. Gene expression and dual-luciferase assays revealed that OsbHLH5 activates phenolamide biosynthetic genes (including putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase 3 (OsPHT3), tyramine hydroxycinnamoyltransferases 1/2 (OsTHT1/2), and tryptamine benzoyltransferase 2 (OsTBT2)) as well as diterpenoid biosynthetic genes (including copalyl diphosphate synthase 4 (OsCPS4) and kaurene synthase-like 4/7/10/11 (OsKSL4/7/10/11)). Furthermore, we have demonstrated that OsbHLH5 is induced by jasmonic acid (JA), while pathogen inoculation assays indicated that the overexpression of OsbHLH5 in transgenic rice plants leads to enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Overall, we have identified a positive regulator of phenolamide and diterpenoid biosynthesis and have demonstrated that biotic stress induces phytoalexin accumulation partly in an OsbHLH5-dependent manner, providing new insights into the metabolic interactions involved in pathogen response and offering valuable gene resources for the development, through genetic improvement, of new rice varieties that are resistant to diseases.
Impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 nas funções orofaciais e comportamentos de sono
Authors: Tavares Ana Laura , Ribeiro Silva Stephanie , De Siqueira Cabral Amanda , Gomes Magalhães Raíssa , Régis Viana Giovanna , Santana de Araújo Nataly , Carvalho Silva Isabella , Picinato-Pirola Melissa 
Published: November 2024

Introdução. Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, o distanciamento social e o isolamento foram essenciais para conter a transmissão do coronavírus. Estudos indicam que as alterações psicossociais estão relacionadas ao aumento de distúrbios psicológicos e hábitos orais prejudiciais, que se persistentes, afetam funções como fala, mastigação e respiração. Além disso, o isolamento social e as alterações psicossociais também afetaram os padrões de sono. Objetivo. Comparar achados relacionados à respiração, disfunção temporomandibular, mastigação e sono, antes e durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método. Estudo observacional, transversal, quantitativo. Participaram 224 pessoas, entre 18 e 50 anos, que concordaram voluntariamente em responder um questionário online. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel e adotou-se significância de 5%. Resultados. O estudo analisou os impactos do isolamento social durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em diferentes aspectos da saúde, incluindo qualidade do sono, respiração, mastigação e disfunção temporomandibular. Os resultados indicam mudanças significantes nos padrões de sono, aumento na preferência por alimentos líquidos e pastosos, alterações nos padrões respiratórios e aumento de hábitos parafuncionais, porém, não houve diferença significante relacionada à apresentação de dor na articulação temporomandibular. Conclusão. Conclui-se que devido ao período pandêmico, foram geradas mudanças no estilo de vida, hábitos e interações sociais, que afetaram diferentes esferas da saúde da população. Aspectos como respiração, disfunção temporomandibular, mastigação e sono sofreram diferentes impactos. Tais descobertas são relevantes para futuras pesquisas em saúde e para a atuação profissional, especialmente na Fonoaudiologia.
We Are on the Verge of Breakthrough Cures for Type 1 Diabetes, but Who Are the 2 Million Americans Who Have It?
Authors: Smith Rebecca , Eisenberg Samara , Turner-Phifer Aaron , LeGrand Jacqueline , Pincus Sarah , Omer Yousra , Wang Fei , Pyenson Bruce 
Published: November 2024

Background: Two million Americans have type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Innovative treatments have standardized insulin delivery and improved outcomes for patients, but patients’ access to such technologies depends on social determinants of health, including insurance coverage, proper diagnosis, and appropriate patient supports. Prior estimates of US prevalence, incidence, and patient characteristics have relied on data from select regions and younger ages and miss important determinants. Objectives: This study sought to use large, nationally representative healthcare claims data sets to holistically estimate the size of the current US population with T1DM and investigate geographic nuances in prevalence and incidence, patient demographics, insurance coverage, and device use. This work also aimed to project T1DM population growth over the next 10 years. Methods: We used administrative claims from 4 sources to identify prevalent and incident T1DM patients in the US, as well as various demographic and insurance characteristics of the patient population. We combined this data with information from national population growth projections and literature to construct an actuarial model to project growth of the T1DM population based on current trends and scenarios for 2024, 2029, and 2033. Results: We estimated 2.07 million T1DM patients nationally across all insurance coverages in our 2024 baseline model year: 1.79 million adults (≥20 years) and 0.28 million children. This represents a US T1DM prevalence rate of 617 per 100 000 and an incidence rate of 0.016%. By 2033, we project the US population with T1DM will grow by about 10%, reaching approximately 2.29 million patients. Discussion: Our results showed important differences in T1DM prevalence and incidence across regions, payers, and ethnic groups. This suggests studies based on more geographically concentrated data may miss important variation in prevalence and incidence across regions. It also indicates T1DM prevalence tends to vary by income, consistent with several international studies. Conclusions: Accurate projections of T1DM population growth are critical to ensure appropriate healthcare coverage and reimbursement for treatments. Our work supports future policy and research efforts with 2024, 2029, and 2033 projections of demographics and insurance coverage for people with T1DM.
Trends in female applicants to Canadian ophthalmology residency programs from 1998-2020
Authors: McDonald Heather M , Cote Stephanie L , McMillan Austin , Sharan Sapna 
Published: November 2024

Background: Ophthalmology has historically been a male-dominated specialty. Despite there being a higher proportion of females in Canadian medical schools since the early 2000s, it is unknown if trends in female applicants and those accepted to ophthalmology have followed suit. This study aims to evaluate trends in gender representation of ophthalmology applicants to Canadian residency programs from 1998 to 2020 and to compare those trends to other surgical specialties.
Methods: We obtained aggregate data of the annual number of male and female applicants ranking and successfully matching to ophthalmology as their first-choice specialty from the Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) database. We then carried out a retrospective cross-sectional analysis on the publicly available data. Subsequently, we compared trends in female applicants to ophthalmology, as well as female practicing ophthalmologists, to other surgical disciplines.
Results: The proportion of female applicants increased from 24.3% in 1998 to 33.3% in 2020 (p = 0.001), and matched female applicants increased from 28.6% in 1998 to 40.5% in 2020 (p = 0.023). However, the incremental change in proportion did not statistically significantly increase in 2008-2012, 2013-2016, and 2017-2020. Comparison of male and female matching success rates did not reveal a significant difference (p = 0.45). Trends in female applicants to ophthalmology and female practicing ophthalmologists were similar to other surgical specialties.
Conclusions: Although the proportion of female applicants is increasing, there is a recent plateau and an inability to equalize the female-to-male ratio in ophthalmology. Further studies are needed to identify potential barriers and mitigate possible residual gender biases.
Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Persalinan Induksi di Rumah Sakit Citra Sari Husada Karawang
Authors: Jusmawati  , Sukmawati  
Published: November 2024

Induksi persalinan adalah suatu usaha untuk memulai persalinan sebelum atau sesudah kehamilan cukup bulan dengan cara merangsang (stimulasi) permulaan kehamilan. Untuk mengetahui hasil analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi induksi persalinan di RS Citra Sari Husada Kecamatan Kelari Kabupaten Karawang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif korelasional dengan pengambilan sampel purposive dengan jumlah sampel 23 orang. Teknik datanya meliputi analisis uivariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan analisis bivariat menggunakan perhitungan statistik menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara kehamilan lewat waktu dengan induksi persalinan, dengan nilai signifikansi yang konsisten dibawah 0,05, walaupun perlu mempertimbangkan keterbatasan dan catatan tersebut, hasil penelitian ini secara umum mendukung pengaruh kehamilan lewat bulan. kehamilan terhadap kecenderungan induksi persalinan yaitu 78,5% menjalani induksi persalinan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor seperti Ketuban Pecah Dini (PROM), Kehamilan Terlambat, dan Hipertensi mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keputusan induksi persalinan di RS Citra Sari Husada.