bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors for Conservative Treatments of Atraumatic Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Sekiguchi Takuya , Hamada Junichiro , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Ando Akira , Watanabe Takashi , Yamaguchi Mitsukuni , Ogawa Kiyohisa 
Published: February 2019

Background:Little consensus has been achieved on conservative treatments in patients with Rotator Cuff Tears (RCTs).Objective:To determine whether anatomical severities of RCTs were poor prognostic factors in conservative treatments.Method:This study included 102 shoulders with atraumatic RCTs diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. Partial-thickness tears were identified in 15 shoulders and full-thickness tears in 87 shoulders. Three patients had a concomitant subscapularis (SSC) tendon tear. All patients were treated conservatively with the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy. The visual analog scale (VAS), Constant scores, and active range of motion were evaluated as clinical outcomes. Pearson’s chi-square test and Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), or Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare the participant’s characteristics and clinical data. Treatment effectiveness among the tear size groups and with/without SSC tear groups was assessed using a two-factor repeated measures ANOVA.Results:Larger tears were associated with less improvement in VAS (p = 0.032). At the initial and final visits, larger tears showed lower constant scores (p = 0.014 and p < 0.001, respectively) and restricted forward elevation (FE) (p = 0.042 and p = 0.013, respectively). Shoulders with SSC tear showed higher VAS, lower constant scores, and lower FE at the final visit (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, and p=0.019, respectively). Patients with SSC tear underwent surgery more frequently than those without tear (p < 0.001).Conclusion:Larger RCTs and concomitant SSC tear are poor prognostic factors for the conservative treatment of atraumatic RCTs.
Distal Linear Metatarsal Osteotomy Combined with Akin Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus with Hallux Valgus Interphalangeus
Authors: Kanazawa Kazuki , Yoshimura Ichiro , Hagio Tomonobu , Yamamoto Takuaki 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Minimally invasive distal linear metatarsal osteotomy is commonly performed to correct mild-to-moderate hallux valgus. The technique is easy to perform, fast, and has a low complication rate with satisfactory clinical results. However, it has so far not been applied to hallux valgus with concomitant hallux valgus interphalangeus deformity.

Objective:
We aimed to investigate the short-term clinical results of distal linear metatarsal osteotomy combined with Akin osteotomy in hallux valgus with concomitant hallux valgus interphalangeus deformity.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 10 patients (10 feet) who underwent surgery for hallux valgus with hallux valgus interphalangeus between 2012 and 2016. Akin osteotomy was performed and fixated with a screw/K-wire, followed by distal linear metatarsal osteotomy and K-wire fixation. Clinical evaluations pre- and postoperatively used the Japan Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) scale and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Radiography pre-and postoperatively assessed the hallux valgus, hallux valgus interphalangeus, and the intermetatarsal angle.

Results:
The mean follow-up period was 20.2 months. Both the JSSF and VAS score improved significantly, from 64.5 to 90.0 and from 5.5 to 1.1, respectively. In all patients, bone healing was complete within four months with no osteonecrosis of the metatarsal head or malunion at the osteotomy site. The hallux valgus angle improved from 31.5° to 7.7°, the hallux valgus interphalangeus angle from 17.2° to 5.8°, and the intermetatarsal angle from 11.7° to 5.5°.

Conclusion:
Distal linear metatarsal osteotomy combined with Akin osteotomy safely and effectively corrects mild-to-moderate hallux valgus with hallux valgus interphalangeus deformity.
Startups para escuelas virtuales: el proceso de fundación de escuelas virtuales públicas K-12 en los Estados Unidos
Authors: Taylor Brett D. , McNair Delores E. 
Published: February 2019

<p>Los distritos escolares tradicionales no cuentan con mucha experiencia en lo referente a la educación a distancia, lo que ha causado la migración de estudiantes a institutos autónomos estatales. Para retener alumnos y ofrecer alternativas en las oportunidades de aprendizaje, cada vez más distritos públicos comienzan sus propias escuelas virtuales. El presente estudio muestra los procesos de fundación de tres de estos planteles ubicados en California en distritos escolares tradicionales. El análisis de los resultados reveló que la investigación preliminar, el apoyo distrital, la selección del personal docente, la evaluación financiera y curricular son claves en el proceso de fundación. De igual manera, obtuvimos conclusiones sorprendentes, entre las que se incluye la necesidad de las escuelas virtuales de adaptarse y cambiar constantemente en el enfoque. Estos descubrimientos conllevan implicaciones para los distritos tradicionales que se inician en el establecimiento de escuelas virtuales, pues las indagaciones nos indican que los cambios en las políticas podrían reducir la necesidad de adaptación antes mencionada.</p><p>--- </p><p><strong>Este artículo ha sido reproducido</strong> de la Revista <em>The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning (IRRODL)</em>. <strong>Volumen 19, Número 1</strong>; utilizando una licencia Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0. © 2018. <strong>Autores:</strong> Brett D. Taylor and Delores E. McNair.</p><p> </p>
Effect of resveratrol on the <em>in vitro</em> maturation of ovine (<em>Ovis aries</em>) oocytes and the subsequent development of handmade cloned embryos
Authors: Martínez-Ibarra José Luis , Espinoza-Mendoza Eugenia Adriana , Rangel-Santos Raymundo , Ambriz-García Demetrio Alonso , Navarro-Maldonado María Del Carmen 
Published: February 2019

The effect of resveratrol on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of ovine (Ovis aries) oocytes and the development of handmade cloned embryos was evaluated. The nuclear maturation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the oocytes, as well as the early development and morphological cloned embryo quality, were evaluated under different resveratrol concentrations (0, 0.5, 2 and 5 μM). After IVM, no significant difference was observed in the maturation rate of oocytes treated with 0.5 μM (81.3 %) and 2 μM (72 %) resveratrol compared to that of the control group (0 μM) (74.2 %), but the rate significantly decreased at 5 μM (56 %) (p < 0.05). When the oocyte ROS levels were determined, no significant differences among the groups were observed (p > 0.05). For cloned embryo development, the embryos obtained from the oocytes treated with 0.5 μM resveratrol showed higher (p < 0.05) compacted morula rates (10.7 %) compared to the embryos obtained from the oocytes treated with 0, 2 and 5 μM (6.2, 0 and 0 %, respectively). Regarding embryo morphological quality, the embryos from the oocytes treated with 0.5 μM resveratrol showed a lower rate of poor quality morulae (4.7 %) in comparison to those treated with 0, 2 and 5 μM (23.8, 23.3 and 33.3 %, respectively) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, resveratrol showed no significant improvement on the IVM or ROS levels in domestic ovine oocytes. However, treatment with 0.5 μM resveratrol during IVM improved embryo quality and promoted morulae compaction of Ovis aries handmade cloned embryos.Figure 3. Different developmental stages of the HMC sheep embryos cultured in the WOW system. Cleaved embryos (a-d), 8‒16 blastomere embryos (e-h), morulae (i-l) and compact morulae (m-p) (200X).
Hareketli Hedefli - Heterojen Filolu İHA Rotalama Problemi İçin Yeni Bir Çözüm Yaklaşımı
Authors: UÇAR Ukbe Üsame , İŞLEYEN Selçuk Kürşat 
Published: February 2019

Savunma sanayinde yaşanan
teknolojik gelişmeler, ülkeleri robotik sistemlere dayalı askersiz ordular
oluşturmaya yönlendirmektedir. Hedeflerin anlık olarak gözetlenmesi, takibi,
tespiti ve imhasında, insansız hava araçlarının yoğun bir şekilde kullanmasıyla
beraber, operasyon alanında farklı özelliklere sahip hava araçlarından
hangilerinin seçileceği ve etkin bir şekilde nasıl rotalanacağı, önemli ve zor
bir problem olarak ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmada filo halinde hareket eden
silahlı ve silahsız insansız hava araçlarının kapasite ve zaman penceresi
kısıtları dikkate alınarak hareket halindeki hedefleri etkisiz hale getirmesi
için sezgisel algoritmaya dayalı çok kriterli bir çözüm yaklaşımı
önerilmiştir. Hedef ve vurucuların
önceliklendirilmesinde Analitik Hiyerarşik Proses yönteminden yararlanılmış,
İHA’ lara ait uçuşların belirli bir maliyete sahip olması, gereksiz kullanılan
İHA’ ların bakım-onarım maliyetini ve arıza riskini artırması, operasyon
alanında fazla sayıda İHA kullanılmasının düşman unsurlarını uyandırması ve
İHA’ lara karşı savunma tedbirleri almaya yönlendirmesi nedenlerinden dolayı
kısa bir çözüm süresi içinde tüm hedeflerin minimum sayıda araç ile imha
edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Algoritmanın etkinliği, vurucu sayısının 10 ile 50,
hedef sayısının 40 ile 200 arasında değiştiği 25 farklı senaryo üzerinde test
edilmiş, sonuç olarak kabul edilebilir çözüm süresi içerisinde tüm hedeflerin
belirtilen öncelik sırasına göre minimum sayıda araçla imha edildiği tespit
edilmiştir. Önerilen yöntemin filo halinde hareket eden farklı özelliklere
sahip (heterojen) insansız hava araçlarının etkin bir şekilde rotalanmasına
katkıda bulunduğu görülmüştür.
Servitization meets sustainability
Authors: Correa Henrique Luiz 
Published: February 2019

Companies that have traditionally sold physical products have begun to increase “services” offered alongside the product. Sometimes businesses have even gone to the extreme of selling only the “benefit” of the physical good as a service, while retaining ownership of the service-supporting good, such as the Xerox copier in your office. This movement is frequently referred to as “servitization” (Baines et al. 2009), which is sometimes illustrated by the popular saying: “people don't want to buy a quarter-inch drill. They want a quarter-inch hole.” We argue that, with servitization, because the supplying company retain ownership of the physical good supporting the service provided, the company is incentivized to put increased efforts, from design to disposal of the physical good, into designing in processes that will maximize the value that can be recouped from the good after the end of its economic life. This would be consistent with efforts toward increased sustainability in supply chains. In the traditional transactional sale of physical goods companies does not have an incentive to make decisions aimed at keeping the value of the product throughout its economic life. Companies would not be interested in extending its economic life either, or even being concerned about how reusable, remanufacture-able, refurbish-able or recyclable the product is. This has implications for the level of environmental sustainability achieved.
An Alternative Approach to Linguistic Theories of Language Acquisition: Focus on The Cognitive Theory
Authors: El-Dali Hosni M. 
Published: February 2019

Although linguistics provides a useful perspective on L2 learning, it must be remembered that linguistics is only one of the disciplines that SLA research can draw on. With this in mind, this study provides a thumbnail sketch of some currently prevalent theories which try to explain how foreign languages are learned. It, also, spells out some alternatives to the linguistics-based approach to foreign language acquisition research. More specifically, some limitations of linguistic theories in addressing the role of mental processes in L2 acquisition are identified and recent theoretical developments in cognitive psychology that can be applied to L2 acquisition are outlined. Moreover, this study reports the results of an empirical investigation carried out by the author on 200 Egyptian University students enrolled in the department of English, Faculty of education, Minufiya University. They were divided into two groups according to their academic status: 1) Beginners (N=100); and 2) Advanced learners (N=100). It attempts to answer three interrelated questions: 1) to what extent does the advanced students’ performance in listening tasks differ from that of the beginning students before and after training? 2) how can two types of training (intensive listening vs. improving learners’ linguistic skills) affect L2 learners’ listening comprehension skill?, and 3) what does students’ performance, before and after the training, tell us about their abilities to transfer? The instruments used are (1) pre-test; (2) classroom instruction sessions; (3) post-test, and (4) interviews. The data analysis has a quantitative and a qualitative, interpretative part. Results are obtained and discussed, and pedagogical applications are suggested.
A sociolinguistic study: a contrastive analysis of the advertisements of private and public institutions in Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Anser , Hafsa Ghulam , Zahra Irum , Tallat Maha 
Published: February 2019

It is a qualitative study and aims at providing an in depth analysis of promotional discourse in academic settings, with the focus on the analysis of powerful and hegemonic use of language to publicize, persuade and to hit specific audience, who aspire high to become iconic managers in competitive economic world.
Â Furthermore, the analysis of interdiscursivity as a sign of social change and transitional period. In order to analyze the commercialization of academic discourse of private intuitions of Pakistan, the contrastive analysis, of the advertisements of a private and a public institution, is focused to highlightÂ that the promotional and consumer discourse places consumption in the central position, in the life of people. The comparative analysis of public and private sector not only highlights the marketizing effect on private sector, but also confirms that public institutions in Pakistan still preserve scholarly and academic discourse. They need not to promote and publicize themselves as the previous result and the fame of the institution are the proof of quality edducatin.As it is a sociolinguistic study so, the analysis also reflects the social post modernity transitional period of Pakistani society.
Architectonic Quality of Industrial Log Architecture in the Scope of Tectonics – Learning from Architectural Competitions
Authors: Lakkala Matti , Pihlajaniemi Janne 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Log is a highly topical building material. Despite the current potential of log, large-scale log buildings of high architectonic quality are rare. By increasing understanding of the architectonic quality of industrial log building, the quality of future log buildings can be enhanced. Our research data is based on the outcomes of two recent architectural competitions and interviews related to these. Methodology combines semi-structured interviews with research by design. The results describe, in the scope of tectonics, architectonic features that are essential for architectonic quality of a log building and are revealing of log structures, acknowledging the preconditions of log in the design, and making secondary design solutions characteristic for log. The results are coherent with ideals of tectonic theory.
Is conscious will an illusion?
Authors: Zhu Jing 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this essay I critically examine Daniel Wegner’s account of conscious will as an illusion developed in his book The Illusion of Conscious Will (MIT Press, 2002). I show that there are unwarranted leaps in his argument, which considerably decrease the empirical plausibility and theoretical adequacy of his account. Moreover, some features essential to our experience of willing, which are related to our general understanding of free will, moral responsibility and human agency, are largely left out in Wegner’s account of conscious will. This substantially diminishes its implications and significance for some profound philosophical issues.
Genetic and antigenic characterisation of influenza A(H3N2) viruses isolated in Yokohama during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 influenza seasons
Authors: Kawakami Chiharu , Yamayoshi Seiya , Akimoto Miki , Nakamura Kazuya , Miura Hideka , Fujisaki Seiichiro , Pattinson David J. , Shimizu Kohei , Ozawa Hiroki , Momoki Tomoko , Saikusa Miwako , Yasuhara Atsuhiro , Usuku Shuzo , Okubo Ichiro , Toyozawa Takahiro , Sugita Shigeo , Smith Derek J. , Watanabe Shinji , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2019

Background: Influenza A(H3N2) virus rapidly evolves to evade human immune responses, resulting in changes in the antigenicity of haemagglutinin (HA). Therefore, continuous genetic and antigenic analyses of A(H3N2) virus are necessary to detect antigenic mutants as quickly as possible.
Aim: We attempted to phylogenetically and antigenically capture the epidemic trend of A(H3N2) virus infection in Yokohama, Japan during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 influenza seasons.
Methods: We determined the HA sequences of A(H3N2) viruses detected in Yokohama, Japan during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 influenza seasons to identify amino acid substitutions and the loss or gain of potential N-glycosylation sites in HA, both of which potentially affect the antigenicity of HA. We also examined the antigenicity of isolates using ferret antisera obtained from experimentally infected ferrets.
Results: Influenza A(H3N2) viruses belonging to six clades (clades 3C.2A1, 3C.2A1a, 3C.2A1b, 3C.2A2, 3C.2A3 and 3C.2A4) were detected during the 2016/17 influenza season, whereas viruses belonging to two clades (clades 3C.2A1b and 3C.2A2) dominated during the 2017/18 influenza season. The isolates in clades 3C.2A1a and 3C.2A3 lost one N-linked glycosylation site in HA relative to other clades. Antigenic analysis revealed antigenic differences among clades, especially clade 3C.2A2 and 3C.2A4 viruses, which showed distinct antigenic differences from each other and from other clades in the antigenic map.
Conclusion: Multiple clades, some of which differed antigenically from others, co-circulated in Yokohama, Japan during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 influenza seasons.
Efecto de la maleza como cobertera en la fertilidad del suelo y rendimiento de nogal pecanero
Authors: Martínez Díaz Gerardo 
Published: February 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la maleza como cobertera a largo plazo sobre la fertilidad del suelo y rendimiento del nogal pecanero Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch. El trabajo se desarrolló en el cv Western de 32 años de edad, bajo riego por goteo, en la Costa de Hermosillo, Sonora. Los tratamientos consistieron en cobertera vegetal a base en maleza y el testigo limpio, los cuales se distribuyeron en un diseño de parcelas apareadas con cuatro repeticiones, con unidad experimental de tres árboles por hilera. En contenido de materia orgánica, pH y de la mayoría de nutrientes en el suelo, fue mayor en el tratamiento con cobertera que en el testigo (p<0.05) a los diez años de iniciado el trabajo, mientas que la salinidad del suelo no se modificó. El rendimiento promedio durante el periodo de evaluación fue similar (p<0.05) en ambos tratamientos. Los mayores cambios en el contenido de materia orgánica y concentración de nutrimentos ocurrieron en los primeros 30 cm de profundidad. Se registraron cambios en fertilidad y salinidad en el perfil del suelo, pero fueron independientes de la cobertera. Los resultados muestran que en huertas adultas de nogal pecanero la maleza puede utilizarse como cobertera para mejorar la calidad del suelo sin afectar el rendimiento del nogal pecanero.
La investigación científica en México: secuestro de carbono orgánico en suelos agrícolas y de agostadero
Authors: Zamora-Morales Bertha P. , Mendoza-Cariño Mayra , Sangerman-Jarquín Dora Ma. , Navarro Bravo Agustín , Quevedo Nolasco Abel 
Published: February 2019

El carbono orgánico (CO) se relaciona con la sustentabilidad de los sistemas agropecuarios, cuyas actividades bajo prácticas inadecuadas, degradan los suelos. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivos: conocer la tendencia de la investigación científica en México, relacionada con la captura de CO en suelos agrícolas y de agostadero; y proponer líneas de estudio que respondan a las necesidades actuales de conocimiento. Se hizo una revisión sistemática en bases de datos en línea y en el acervo físico y digital de instituciones que estudian el tema, periodo 1990-2016. Se recopilaron 79 publicaciones, principalmente artículos científicos (64.6 %) y tesis (29.1 %), con notable incremento hacia la última década. El CO se estimó básicamente con técnicas analíticas, modelos computacionales y métodos matemáticos. Los estudios incluyeron varios enfoques: estimación de almacenes; fertilidad; dinámica del carbono; impactos de las prácticas de conservación del suelo y cambios de uso. El Colegio de Postgraduados sobresalió entre las instituciones que estudian el tema, por su número investigaciones. También, el estado de México y Tabasco por los estudios efectuados en sus territorios. Las investigaciones se difundieron en medios nacionales (59.6 %) e internacionales (40.4 %). El Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología y el Programa Mexicano del Carbono, así como los compromisos internacionales que ha adquirido México en materia de cambio climático, han apoyado y reorientado la investigación del tema que ocupa. Se propusieron líneas de estudio, entre ellas: la estandarización de metodologías analíticas, indicadores de captura de CO y de emisiones de CO2.
Rancang Bangun Alat Peraga Fisika Berbasis Arduino (Studi Kasus Gerak Jatuh Bebas)
Authors: Kause Migdes C 
Published: February 2019

Abstrak— Telah dilakukan rancang bangun alat peraga fisika pada kasus gerak jatuh bebas berbasis Arduino. Alat peraga yang telah dikembangkan bertujuan untuk memvisualisasikan fenomena gerak jatuh bebas dan mengukur percepatan gravitasi bumi dan membuktikan konsep-onsep gerak jatuh bebas. Rancang bangun alat peraga menggunakan komponen elektronik seperti Arduino, sensor inframerah, sensor ultrasonik, push button, LCD, relay, dan LED sebagai komponen utama perangkat keras (hardware). Perangkat lunak (software) yang digunakan dalam mengembangkan alat peraga ini memanfaatkan compiler IDE Arduino berbasis bahasa C#. Besaran fisis yang diukur menggunakan alat peraga yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini adalah ketinggian benda dan waktu tempuh benda. Hasil pengujian kinerja alat peraga yang dikembangkan menunjukkan bahwa alat peraga mampu memvisualisasikan fenomena gerak jatuh bebas, mengukur percepatan gravitasi bumi dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 10,2 m/s2, dan membuktikan konsep-konsep dalam gerak jatuh bebas. Kata kunci: Alat Peraga, Arduino, Gerak Jatuh Bebas Abstract— There is an effort to design learning media for teaching physics on free fall based on Arduino. The learning media designed is aimed at visualizing free fall phenomena, measuring earth gravitation speed, and proofing the concepts of free fall. Designing learning media using electronic components such as Arduino, infrared sensor, ultrasonic sensor, pushbutton, LCD, relay, and LED as the main components hardware devices. Software devices which are used to improve this learning media were IDE Arduino Compiler C# language base. Physics quantity which is measured using the designed learning media in this study were the object’s height and the needed time. The test result of the designed learning media this study showed that this learning media could visualize free fall phenomena, measure the earth gravitation speed with the average score was 10,2 m/s2 , and proofing free fall concepts. Keywords: Learning Media, Arduino, Free Fall