bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of safety of sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and guaifenesin in pediatric and adult patients with acute bronchitis
Authors: Falcon Mayer , Iberico Carlos , Guerra Frances , Reyes Isabel , Felix Efraín , Flores Mónica , de los Ríos Jorge , Diaz Maria E. , Casas Alberto , Sanchez-Gambetta Sergio , Carrasco Roberto 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Objective
This exploratory study assessed the safety of the combination of sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and guaifenesin (STG) in adult and pediatric patients with acute bronchitis according to local labelling in Peru.

Results
We enrolled 51 pediatric and 52 adult participants diagnosed with acute bronchitis and indication of STG. The mean ages were 7.6 years (SD ± 3.2 years) and 42.8 years (SD ± 16.1) and the proportion of female patients were 51% and 65%, respectively. The duration of treatment in pediatric patients was < 5 days in 2% of patients, 5 days in 13.7%, 6–7 days, in 82.4% and > 7 days in 2% while in adults patients it was < 5 days in 17%, 5 days in 69.2%; 6–7 days in 28.8% of patients. Adverse events (AEs) were registered in 9.6% and 19.2% of pediatric and adult patients, respectively. These AEs had definite relation of causality with the study drugs in 2 adults (20% of AEs) and possible causality with the study drugs in 4 pediatric (80% of AEs) and 2 adult cases (20% of AEs). Our results provide valuable data to develop trials of pharmacovigilance where different statistical parameters should be considered to calculate an adequate sample size in studies evaluating STG in pediatric or adult patients.
Trial registration NCT02879981 and NCT02902640
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Acute and sub-acute (30-day) toxicity studies of Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb., leaves extract in Wistar rats: safety assessment of a rare mangrove traditionally utilized as pain antidote
Authors: Ghosh Debjit , Mondal Sumanta , Ramakrishna K. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb., (Plumbaginaceae) is a small mangrove tree or shrub traditionally used by the local healers of mangroves for curing pain and inflammation. However, there are no scientific reports of its toxicological properties which would guarantee the safety of its folkloric usage as a potent pain reliever. Therefore, the present study deals in acute and sub-acute (30-day) toxicity studies of Aegialitis rotundifolia ethanolic leaves extract (ARELE) on male and female Wistar rats administered through oral gavage.

Methods
Acute toxicity study was conducted at a single oral dose of 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg, body weight (b.wt.) for 14 days with a special emphasis on the first four hours after drug administration to find out any mortality and morbidity. In sub-acute toxicity, the extract at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, b.wt., was administered orally for 30 days. Important parameters such as general behaviour, body and organ weight, urinalysis, haematological and biochemical profile, organ macroscopy and microscopy were conducted. Organ sample of liver, kidney, pancreas, heart, lungs, and stomach were taken from both male and female rats, whereas the sample of testis and ovary was taken from male and female rats respectively for organ necropsy and histopathological studies. Neurobehavioral toxicity was conducted by performing a functional observational battery (FOB) and locomotor activity on the initial and final week of the 30-day study period.

Results
No mortality or any major signs of morbidity was recorded for acute toxicity except for the limit dose (2000 mg/kg, b.wt.) which produced a slight short-term sedative effect. In sub-acute toxicity, no major alteration was observed in the evaluated parameters. However, few minor changes were recorded for high dose (500 mg/kg, b.wt.) group.

Conclusion
The results of the present study showed that oral administration of Aegialitis rotundifolia ethanolic leaves extract did not produce any severe toxic effects in both acute and sub-acute studies in Wistar rats. Therefore, usage of an appropriate amount of Aegialitis rotundifolia leaves extract preferably at low doses for its traditional use should be considered safe.
Chromogranin A regulates neuroblastoma proliferation and phenotype
Authors: Zhang Dongyun , Babayan Lilit , Ho Hillary , Heaney Anthony P. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTNeuroblastoma is a commonly encountered solid tumor in early childhood with high neuroplasticity, and differentiation therapy is hypothesized to lead to tumor mass shrinkage and/or symptom relief. CgA is a tissue specific protein restricted to the diffuse neuroendocrine system, and widely expressed in neuroblastomas. Using knockdown and knockout approaches to deplete CgA levels, we demonstrated that CgA loss inhibits SH-SY5Y cell proliferation and leads to a morphological shift with increased expression of Schwann and extracellular matrix specific molecules, and suppression of chromaffin features. We further confirmed the effects of CgA in a series of neuroblastoma cells with [BE(2)-M17 and IMR-32] and without (SK-N-SH) N-Myc amplification. We demonstrated that CgA depletion reduced IGF-II and IGFBP-2 expression, increased IGFBP-3 levels, and suppresses IGF downstream signaling as evidenced by reduced AKT/ERK pathway activation. This was further supported by an increased anti-proliferative effect of the ERK inhibitor in the CgA depleted cells. In an in vivo xenograft neuroblastoma model, CgA knockdown led to increased S-phenotypic marker expression at both protein and mRNA levels. Together these results suggest that CgA maintains IGF secretion and intracellular signaling to regulate proliferation and differentiation in neuroblastomas.
Determinants of knowledge, attitude and practice in patients with both type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in Fiji
Authors: Zibran Mohammed Alvis , Mohammadnezhad Masoud 
Published: March 2019

Background:In Fiji, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Chronic kidney disease (CKD) are amongst the top four causes of premature mortality, disability and death. This study aims to identify the determinants of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in T2DM patients with CKD in Fiji in 2018.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sigatoka Sub-divisional Hospital (SSH) in Fiji in July-August, 2018 using a self-structured questionnaire to test KAP of 225 patients. The inclusion criteria were confirmed T2DM patients (Fijian citizens) with CKD, aged 30 years or above and attending Special Out-Patient's Department (SOPD) at SSH. Independent t-test and ANOVA was used to test differences between demographic variable and practice score while non-parametric tests were used for knowledge and attitude. Spearman correlation and multiple linear regressions were also done. All the tests were set at 5% level of significance.Results:The mean KAP level was high: knowledge, 23.3 (SD±3.25); attitude, 23.1 (SD±2.73) and practice, 7.1 (SD±2.04). A high level of knowledge was seen in those with university-level education (p<0.001), unemployed (p=0.05) and high average monthly income (p=0.03). Those aged 61-70 years had a 0.53-point lower attitude score (p=0.05) than other age categories, while those >70 years had a 1.78-point lower attitude score (p=0.01) than other age categories. Fijians of Indian descent (FID) had lower attitude (p=0.002) and higher practice (p=0.001) scores.Conclusion:Patients with both T2DM and CKD at SSH have high levels of KAP. Those with higher levels of education, the unemployed and those with high monthly income had higher knowledge, FID had low attitude but high practice scores, and the higher age category had lower attitude scores. The study identified high-risk groups for low KAP, which can become the focus of future public health intervention.
Increasing Mobility via In‐hospital Ambulation Protocol Delivered by Mobility Technicians: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hamilton Aaron C , Lee Natalie , Stilphen Mary , Hu Bo , Schramm Sarah , Frost Frederick , Fox Jacqueline , Rothberg Michael B 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDAmbulating medical inpatients may improve outcomes, but this practice is often overlooked by nurses who have competing clinical duties.OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of dedicated mobility technician‐assisted ambulation in older inpatients.DESIGNThis study was a single‐blind randomized controlled trial.SETTINGPatients aged ≥60 years and admitted as medical inpatients to a tertiary care center were recruited.INTERVENTIONPatients were randomized into two groups to participate in the ambulation protocol administered by a dedicated mobility technician. Usual care patients were not seen by the mobility technician but were not otherwise restricted in their opportunity to ambulate.MEASUREMENTSPrimary outcomes were length of stay and discharge disposition. Secondary outcomes included change in mobility measured by six‐clicks score, daily steps measured by Fitbit, and 30‐day readmission.RESULTSControl (n = 52) and intervention (n = 50) groups were not significantly different at baseline. Of patients randomized to the intervention group, 74% participated at least once. Although the intervention did not affect the primary outcomes, the intervention group took nearly 50% more steps than the control group (P = .04). In the per protocol analysis, the six‐clicks score significantly increased (P = .04). Patients achieving ≥400 steps were more likely to go home (71% vs 46%, P = .01).CONCLUSIONSAttempted ambulation three times daily overseen by a dedicated mobility technician was feasible and increased the number of steps taken. A threshold of 400 steps was predictive of home discharge. Further studies are needed to establish the appropriate step goal and the effect of assisted ambulation on hospital outcomes.
Examining the Utility of 30‐day Readmission Rates and Hospital Profiling in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Wray Charlie M , Vali Marzieh , Walter Louise C , Lopez Lenny , Austin Peter C , Byers Amy , Keyhani Salomeh 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDThe Veterans Health Administration (VA) reports hospital‐specific 30‐day risk‐standardized readmission rates (RSRRs) using CMS‐derived models.OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to examine and describe the interfacility variability of 30‐day RSRRs for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), and pneumonia as a means to assess its utility for VA quality improvement and hospital comparison.RESEARCH DESIGNA retrospective analysis of VA and Medicare claims data using one‐year (2012) and three‐year (2010‐2012) data given their use for quality improvement or for hospital comparison, respectively.SUBJECTSThis study included 3,571 patients hospitalized for AMI at 56 hospitals, 10,609 patients hospitalized for HF at 102 hospitals, and 10,191 patients hospitalized for pneumonia at 106 hospitals.MEASURESHospital‐specific 30‐day RSRRs for AMI, HF, and pneumonia hospitalizations were calculated using hierarchical generalized linear models.RESULTSOf 164 qualifying VA hospitals, 56 (34%), 102 (62%), and 106 (64%) qualified for analysis based on CMS criteria for AMI, HF, and pneumonia cohorts, respectively. Using 2012 data, we found that two hospitals (2%) had CHF RSRRs worse than the national average (+95% CI), whereas no hospital demonstrated worse‐than‐average risk‐stratified readmission Rate (RSRR; +95% CI) for AMI or pneumonia. After increasing the number of facility admissions by combining three years of data, we found that four (range: 3.5%‐5.3%) hospitals had RSRRs worse than the national average (+95% CI) for all three conditions.CONCLUSIONSThe Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services‐derived 30‐day readmission measure may not be a useful measure to distinguish VA interfacility performance or drive quality improvement given the low facility‐level volume of such readmissions.
KANSHA TO WABI
Authors: Hesti Aprilia Nindia Rini Elizabeth Ika Hesti 
Published: March 2019

Abstract Greetings seems not important, but it is necessary in human relationship. Not to know how to use greetings can lead us to misunderstandings that would be bad for the relationship that has existed. Kansha (gratitude) and wabi (apology) is one of them. Kansha and wabi expressed using standard existing idiomatic expressions, describing the facts that occurred, describing the feeling of the speaker, an expression that is not a word. Keywords : greetings, kansha, wabi
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS ON JAPANESE IDIOM WHICH LEXEM HAND
Authors: Ita Fitria 
Published: March 2019

This research is aimed to explain relation of lexical meaning and figurative meaning on Japanese idiom which use part of body`s hand as well as to find out the change meaning of hand on Japanese idiom. The conclusion of the semantic analysis on Japanese idiom which use part of body`s hand is: (1) Japanese idiom have two syntaxes that is positive verb and negative form. (2) te + ga + Adj. structure syntaxes`s idiom doesn`t have negative form. (3) one idiom possibly have different meaning (4) idiomatic meaning can be find out when right substance with left substance have compared.
Analisis Metode Elemen Hingga Artificial Hip Joint Saat Gerakan Salat
Authors: Candratama Aditya , Prasetyo Yogi , Jamari Jamari , Ismail Rifky , Haryanto Ismoyo 
Published: March 2019

Fungsi utama sendi panggul adalah sebagai penopang tubuh manusia dalam melakukan berbagai aktivitas dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Secara mekanis sambungan pada sendi panggul (hip joint) merupakan socket and ball joint yang menghubungkan antara fermur head dan pelvis acetabulum. Pada banyak kasus, sendi panggul ini dapat mengalami kerusakaan permanen yang disebabkan oleh pengapuran, penuaan atau kecelakaan. Untuk kasus yang demikian tindakan penggantian sendi panggul dengan sendi panggul buatan (artificial hip joint replacement) sangat diperlukan. Akan tetapi untuk mencegah terjadinya kerusakan maka dalam penggunaan sendi panggul buatan ini diberikan pembatasan pada beberapa gerakan, diantaranya adalah jongkok, berlari, dan salat. Pembatasan ini tentu saja akan sangat membatasi aktivitas keseharian penyandangnya. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini analisis FEM sendi panggul dilakukan untuk menentukan tegangan yang terjadi pada gerakan yang dibatasi tersebut. Hasil analisis ini diperlukan sebagai pertimbangan agar dapat dirancang sendi panggul buatan yang tetap dapat memberikan kebebasan gerak bagi penyandangnya. Dalam penelitian ini pengukuran beban gaya reaksi atau ground reaction force (GRF) telah dilakukan pada kondisi saat penyandang sendi panggul buatan melakukan gerakan-gerakan salat. Gerakan salat ini dipilih karena merepresentasikan kombinasi gerakan-gerakan yang dibatasi. Hasil pengukuran GRF ini selanjutnya digunakan sebagai data beban dalam analisis tegangan menggunakan FEM. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahswa besar tegangan yang terjadi pada gerakan salat saat berdiri, ruku’ dan sujud masing-masing adalah 32,15 MPa; 32,46 MPa dan 21,6 MPa. Sedangkan pada saat duduk diantara dua sujud diperoleh tegangan sebesar 19,1 MPa untuk kaki kanan dan 9,3 MPa untuk kaki kiri. Adapun tegangan pada saat tahiyat akhir adalah 21,7 MPa untuk kaki kanan dan 26 MPa untuk kaki kiri
RANCANG BANGUN PENDETEKSI PSIKOLOGIS SESEORANG BERDASARKAN DETAK JANTUNG BERBASIS KOMPUTER
Authors: Hidayat Lalu Amam , Yudhana Anton 
Published: March 2019

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di bidang elektronika dan instrumentasi dapat diciptakan alat-alat elektronik untuk menampilkan detak jantung. Namun perhitungan detak jantung masih dilakukan secara manual. Metode ini kurang akurat karena mengandalkan indra peraba manusia. Berbagai macam sensor yang digunakan untuk membantu menghitung detak jantung yaitu menggunakan pulse sensor. Penelitian ini menggunakan sensor heart rate yang diletakkan pada ujung jari. Cahaya LED menembus ujung jari diterima oleh rangkaian receiver kemudian diolah menjadi sebuah data digital oleh mikrokontroler Arduino Uno. Data yang iterima Arduino diteruskan melalui software processing untuk menampilkan keluaran pada layar komputer. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan data dari hasil pengujian adalah sensor heart rate mampu mendeteksi detak jantung saat kondisi rileks dan emosi. Detak jantung seseorang dalam keadaan emosi jumlah detaknya lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan keadaan rileks, karena saat emosi jantung memompa darah lebih cepat. Hasil pengujian menggunakan software processing berupa grafik dengan titik puncak P, Q, R, S, T.
Characterization of fetal monocytes in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction
Authors: Alahakoon Thushari I. , Medbury Heather , Williams Helen , Fewings Nicole , Wang Xin M. , Lee Vincent W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
There is little available data on fetal monocyte phenotype and function. A prospective cross-sectional pilot study was conducted to describe the cord blood monocyte subset phenotype in preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) as compared to normal pregnancy and maternal circulation.

Methods
Maternal and cord blood samples from 27 pregnancies were collected at delivery from normal pregnancy, PE, FGR and PE+FGR. The distribution of fetal monocyte subtypes was characterized by CD14 and CD16 expression using flow cytometry and compared for each clinical group using a classification of classical, intermediate and non-classical subsets.

Results
The intermediate monocytes were the dominant monocyte subset in the cord blood of PE and PE+FGR with an increase in the combined inflammatory monocyte subsets intermediate and non-classical in PE compared to normal pregnancy. The non-classical monocyte subset proportion was elevated in all pathological groups PE, FGR and PE+FGR. A significant reduction in the non-classical monocyte subset was observed in the cord blood of the normal pregnancy group as compared to the maternal circulation.

Conclusion
This study describes for the first time in the fetal circulation, dominant monocyte intermediate subsets and increased inflammatory subsets in PE as well as increased non-classical subsets in PE and FGR compared to normal pregnancy.
Gemeinschaft-Eigentum-Genossenschaft
Authors: Holzer Thorsten 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die enge Verquickung von gemeinschaftlichen Organisationsformen, hierbei insbesondere der Genossenschaft, und der kollektiven Nutzung von Bodenressourcen ist ein seit alters her bekanntes Phänomen, welches sich, wenn auch in veränderter Form, bis in die heutige Zeit erhalten hat. Diese enge Verflechtung von Genossenschaft und kollektiver Bodennutzung wurde dabei in besonderem Maße in der Genossenschaftstheorie Otto von Gierkes aufgegriffen. Gerade diese, aber auch die Bedeutung der Genossenschaft für Formen der kollektiven Bodennutzung in der heutigen Zeit, sollen den zentralen Anknüpfungspunkt des vorliegenden Aufsatzes bilden.
Standard of civilization: The Histories of International Relations
Authors: PEÑAS ESTEBAN Francisco Javier 
Published: March 2019

Fallecido hace un año, Paco fue fundador de esta revista en la que, en su memoria, publicamos en inglés uno de sus textos más reconocidos.Contents:I. Reason of state and homogeneity. II. Challenges to the order. III. Conversion and/or conquest. IV. European borders: the Mediterranean and the New World. 1. The Mediterranean as a border. 2. Second episode: the Requirement. V. European expansion: imperialism and civilization. 1. Third episode: the standard of civilization. 2. Fourth episode: division and tutelage of Africa.VI. Civilizing strands.
Pediatric Care in the Nonpediatric Emergency Department: Provider Perspectives
Authors: Jain Priya Narayanan , Choi Jaeun , Katyal Chhavi 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Most pediatric emergency visits are to nonpediatric emergency departments (EDs), and little is known about provider comfort level with pediatric patients. We aimed to assess providers’ comfort level caring for pediatric patients of different age groups and perceived resources and barriers to delivering evidence-based pediatric care.

METHODS:
We conducted an anonymous electronic survey of providers (physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) in nonpediatric EDs in an urban area who admit to a single quaternary-care children’s hospital. Questions addressed provider comfort in examining, diagnosing, and treating patients across 4 age groups; access to management guidelines; resources for education; and benefits of feedback from inpatient providers. Comfort was assessed with a 5-point Likert scale, with “comfortable” being defined as a 4 or 5. The association between patient age and provider comfort was analyzed by using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS:
We surveyed 375 providers. Our response rate was 26% (14% nurse practitioners, 34% physician assistants, and 51% physicians). Of respondents, &lt;50% report being comfortable caring for patients &lt;3 months of age (46% examining, 38% diagnosing, 46% treating). Thirteen percent found it mostly or very easy to keep up with pediatric management guidelines (n = 12); cited barriers were time constraints, a lack of access to journals or pediatric experts, and low institutional priority due to low pediatric volume.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study suggests that nonpediatric ED providers’ comfort in caring for pediatric patients decreases with decreasing patient age. Less than half of providers report that they are comfortable managing patients &lt;3 months old.
The cause of chronic prostatitis and prostate enlargement is a change in the vascular level and requires similar treatment: innovative Thermobalancing therapy
Authors: Simon Allen 
Published: March 2019

INTRODUCTION: The outcomes of clinical studies show Thermobalancing therapy (TT) with Dr Allen’s Therapeutic Device (DATD) successfully helps men treat chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The purpose of this study is to compare the ratio of the causes of these diseases with their treatment.
METHODS: Two clinical trials observed dynamics of urinary symptoms, pain score and prostate volume in men with BPH and CP/CPPS after using the device for six months. There were 124 men with BPH and 45 men with chronic prostatitis investigated in the treatment groups and the same number of men were in the control groups.
RESULTS: These studies have shown that TT with DATD reduced prostate volume from 45 mL to 31 mL (P<0.001) and, consequently, urinary symptoms from 14.2 to 4.9 (P<0.001) in the treatment group of 124 patients with BPH. Pain score was reduced from 10.3 to 3.5 (P<0.001) and prostate volume decreased from 31 mL to 27 mL (P<0.001) in the treatment group of 45 men with CP/CPPS. In the control groups of 124 men with BPH and 45 men with CP/CPPS no difference in the symptoms and parameters was observed.
CONCLUSION: The clinical studies indicated that the cause of these chronic diseases lies at the vascular level, namely the pathological activity of capillaries. The focus of hypothermia in combination with the spontaneous expansion of capillaries creates pressure in the tissue of the prostate gland, causing inflammation in it as well as symptoms in men with CP/CPPS and prostate growth in men with BPH. TT with DATD proved to be effective in treating LUTS related to BPH and CP/CPPS. Therefore, the same therapy can be used for the treatment of both chronic prostatic diseases: BPH and CP/CPPS.