bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRE-SERVICE GEOGRAPHY TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION AND THEIR EXPECTATIONS OF THEIR FIELD OF STUDY
Authors: BABACAN Şevki 
Published: September 2018

Pre-service
teachers participate in education and training at universities of their choice
in the context of a predetermined curriculum related to their field. The
quality of this education and training directly affects the qualifications of
pre-service teachers, who have a long professional career ahead of them after
graduation. The aim of this study is to determine pre-service geography
teachers’ perceptions of university education and their professional
expectations of their field of study. The study was
conducted with the participation of 136 pre-service geography teachers in the
2014-2015 academic year. 49 participants were recruited from Çanakkale Onsekiz
Mart University and 87 from Marmara University. Data were collected using a
questionnaire developed by the researcher and were evaluated using frequency
and percentage distributions.

Most participants
think primarily about holding a teaching position in state schools or having an
academic career, while the rest intend to work as a public servant, a police officer, a geographic information systems (GIS) expertise and in
different positions in the private sector. Participants in
general are of the opinion that the university education
that they receive is inadequate and that education and training conditions
should be improved. Results also show that participants have high expectations
of their field of study in terms of employment opportunities and that they are
open to innovation and development.
Subterranean millipedes, some patterns and adaptations
Authors: Enghoff Henrik 
Published: September 2018

Millipedes (class Diplopoda) are a large group of arthropods mostly living in the soil. More than 10,000 species have been described, but this is surely just a mere fraction of the actually existing number of living species. Many lineages of millipedes have invaded caves and other subterranean habitats, not the least in southern Europe.
In spite of their many legs, millipedes are in general poor dispersers, and their present-day distributions often reflect very old biogeographical patterns. The monotypic genus Cantabrodesmus Mauriès, 1971, of uncertain family placement and only known from a few caves in N Spain, is an extreme example of this.
The genus Thalassisobates Verhoeff, 1908, provides an example of “ecological disjunction”: One species is truly littoral and occurs along the coasts of Europe and eastern N America, whereas the two other species of the genus were collected in a cave in S Spain and in MSS on the island of La Gomera, Canary Islands, respectively, in both cases more than 500 m above sea level. Similar ecological disjunctions (littoral/subterranean) are known from pseudoscorpions (genus Paraliochthonius Beier, 1956) and isopods (genera Halophiloscia Verhoeff, 1908, and Littorophiloscia Hatch, 1947).
Subterranean millipedes often exhibit classical troglomorphisms, but there are also some not-so-classical adaptations, such as modification of the mouthparts for a semiaquatic/hygropetric mode of life. Such modifications have apparently arisen at least seven times independently in unrelated lineages belonging to four millipede families.
Millipedes are often hosts to epibiotic fungi of the order Laboulbeniales. Available evidence, although scant, suggests a difference between cave and epigean millipedes in the distribution patterns of the fungi on the hosts: Laboulbeniales on epigean millipedes tend to grow on body parts which come into contact during copulation, whereas those on cave millipedes tend to be scattered along the millipede body, suggesting transfer via the substrate.
Restaurer l’âme antique : Rousseau, Mably et le mirage polonais
Authors: Le Menthéour Rudy 
Published: September 2018

Dans ses Considérations sur le gouvernement de Pologne (rédigées en 1770-1771), Rousseau s’oppose non seulement aux partisans de la Russie, mais aussi et surtout à son rival en matière de républicanisme, l’abbé de Mably, qui avait également été sollicité par les confédérés polonais. La comparaison de leurs propositions rivales permet de discerner la force et l’originalité du projet républicain de Rousseau. Tout en se plaçant dans le sillage de la théorie républicaine de Machiavel et de Montesquieu, Rousseau fait œuvre nouvelle en liant de façon étroite la restauration de la magnanimité antique, le renforcement de la singularité nationale et l’exaltation de l’amour de la patrie. Aux solutions avant tout constitutionnelles de Mably, il oppose un modèle très cohérent d’institution de la république. L’essentiel pour Rousseau n’est pas d’instaurer un régime politique stable ou une constitution équilibrée : il s’agit avant tout de s’assurer que la forme de la république puisse modeler la forme des âmes.
Draping as a technique to develop creative skills in Saudi Arabian fashion design Drapeado como una técnica para desarrollar habilidades creativas en el diseño de moda en Arabia Saudita
Authors: Nasser-Alajaji Tahani , Abdullah-Alqudairi Tahani 
Published: September 2018

This study aims at studying the effect of fashion design’s draping method on a dress form in developing creative skills(Originality, Fluency, Flexibility, The details).This study followed an experimental approach and used a variety of methods and tools to collect the scientific material of the study, The following tools were included: Pre- and post- skills tests, assessment scale to evaluate the designs and observation. The sample size of the study was 75 female students in the experimental group and 30 female students in the control group among the female students of the College of Arts and Design at PNU .The total number of designs was 150 design for the experimental group and 60 for the control group. It was presented and arbitrated by six arbitrators. The total number of questionnaires before and after the applied program was 900 questionnaires for the experimental group and the control group was 360, and they were analyzed statistically. The study arrived at the following results: the design of a series of innovative outfits using the draping method on a dress form. also confirmed that technical performance in dress form draping improves the designers’ creative skills development, which then helps them to implement innovative designs.
A Cidade E O Urbano Na Geografia Escolar: A Contribuição Do Imaginário
Authors: Domingos Silva Flávia Gabriela 
Published: September 2018

A principal função da Geografia Escolar é contribuir com a formação cidadã, viabilizando que os sujeitos compreendam o espaço geográfico e suas dinâmicas, de modo a aprimorarem suas relações, atitudes e vivências. Dentre as temáticas geográficas destaca-se a cidade, que influencia significativamente o cotidiano dos alunos, sendo na maioria das vezes, o lugar onde se desenvolve a vida. Nesse sentido, é necessário compreender o espaço urbano, que se constitui de dimensões materiais, formas, estruturas, arquiteturas e dimensões simbólicas. Estas conferem significados as primeiras, evocam memórias, trazem a tona imaginários e exaltam contemplações estéticas, fazendo da cidade e de seus sujeitos aquilo que realmente são. Assim, objetiva-se discutir a contribuição da dimensão simbólica, especificamente do imaginário, ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem da cidade no contexto da Geografia Escolar. Abordar a cidade no ensino geográfico, pela perspectiva simbólica, permite a valorização do cotidiano, da experiência e das significações dos sujeitos, o que contribui para ampliar, diversificar e aprofundar a compreensão desta temática, bem como, viabiliza a articulação dos âmbitos cognitivo, afetivo/emocional e estético na Geografia Escolar.
Educação Para Inteireza: Quem É O Eu Que Ensina?
Authors: Feijor de Andrade Izabel Cristina , Portal Leda Lisia Franciosi , De Arruda Marina Patricio 
Published: September 2018

Resumo: O propósito desse artigo é de analisar características consideradas fundantes na formação de um professor que faz a diferença para seus alunos; Para tanto, foi necessário, entender como esses alunos, percebem sua constituição enquanto “Ser Professor” no que se refere ao entrelaçamento do intelecto, emoção e espírito no ofício de ensinar. Essa pesquisa se caracterizou por uma abordagem qualitativa-compreensiva-interpretativa de cunho transdisciplinar (NICOLESCU, 2001). Os sujeitos foram alunas do último ano do Curso de Pedagogia da PUCRS, cursantes no 1/2015. Como instrumento foram utilizados depoimento escrito na proposta de um memorial no qual o aluno descreveu seus entendimentos, enquanto formando, em relação a sua constituição enquanto Ser Professor propiciada pelo Curso de Pedagogia da PUCRS, salientando os entrelaçamentos construídos nos aspectos intelectual, social, emocional e espiritual no ofício de ensinar. Um SER sensível, amoroso, preocupado com seus alunos, com o exercício de sua profissão e orientado por uma elevada consciência espiritual, demonstrada, ao lado de entrelaçamentos autoformativos entre educador e educandos que, em suas tessituras, vão delineando e esclarecendo as justificativas do por que esses professores foram marcantes, decisivos e distinguidos por fazerem a diferença e estarem tão presentes na vida de seus alunos.
Fire, Early Human Use of
Authors: Gowlett J. A. J. 
Published: September 2018

Fire has had an important role in the evolution of the biosphere over many millions of years, and more recently has also been controlled by human beings. No other species has control of fire, although numbers of animals make opportunistic use of natural fire during foraging. In anthropology, fire is sometimes neglected but is sometimes regarded as of major importance. For Darwin it was second only to language as a human invention or acquisition. In the mid‐twentieth century, fire was scarcely mentioned in anthropology texts, but accounts of its role in ritual, in foraging, and in crafts recur frequently in detailed ethnographic accounts. The time depth of human fire use remains debated, but traces of it have been found on archaeological sites up to ages of about 1.5 million years, and it becomes widespread throughout the past 300,000 years.
Enhancing the n‐Type Conductivity and Thermoelectric Performance of Donor–Acceptor Copolymers through Donor Engineering
Authors: Yang Chi‐Yuan , Jin Wen‐Long , Wang Jue , Ding Yi‐Fan , Nong Shuying , Shi Ke , Lu Yang , Dai Ya‐Zhong , Zhuang Fang‐Dong , Lei Ting , Di Chong‐An , Zhu Daoben , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConjugated polymers with high thermoelectric performance enable the fabrication of low‐cost, large‐area, low‐toxicity, and highly flexible thermoelectric devices. However, compared to their p‐type counterparts, n‐type polymer thermoelectric materials show much lower performance, which is largely due to inefficient doping and a much lower conductivity. Herein, it is reported that the development of a donor–acceptor (D–A) polymer with enhanced n‐doping efficiency through donor engineering of the polymer backbone. Both a high n‐type electrical conductivity of 1.30 S cm−1 and an excellent power factor (PF) of 4.65 µW mK−2 are obtained, which are the highest reported values among D–A polymers. The results of multiple characterization techniques indicate that electron‐withdrawing modification of the donor units enhances the electron affinity of the polymer and changes the polymer packing orientation, leading to substantially improved miscibility and n‐doping efficiency. Unlike previous studies in which improving the polymer‐dopant miscibility typically resulted in lower mobilities, the strategy maintains the mobility of the polymer. All these factors lead to prominent enhancement of three orders magnitude in both the electrical conductivity and the PF compared to those of the non‐engineered polymer. The results demonstrate that proper donor engineering can enhance the n‐doping efficiency, electrical conductivity, and thermoelectric performance of D–A copolymers.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Amino‐δ‐Ketoesters Through Catalytic Umpolung Reaction of α‐Iminoesters with Enones
Authors: Yoshida Yasushi , Moriya Yuta , Mino Takashi , Sakamoto Masami 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChiral α‐amino‐δ‐keto esters are important precursors of organocatalysts, pharmaceuticals, and biochemically interesting molecules. The organocatalytic asymmetric umpolung reaction of imines has been developed to obtain chiral amines in a highly enantioselective manner. Herein, we report the organocatalytic asymmetric umpolung synthesis of α‐amino‐δ‐keto esters in high yield (up to 95% ee, >20/1 r.r.).magnified image
Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles by Dehydrogenative Annulation of N‐Allyl Amides with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Wu Zheng‐Jian , Li Shi‐Rui , Xu Hai‐Chao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDehydrogenative annulation under oxidizing reagent‐free conditions is an ideal strategy to construct cyclic structures. Reported herein is an unprecedented synthesis of pyrrolidine and tetrahydropyridine derivatives through electrochemical dehydrogenative annulation of N‐allyl amides with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds. The electrolytic method employs an organic redox catalyst, which obviates the need for oxidizing reagents and transition‐metal catalysts. In these reactions, the N‐allyl amides serve as a four‐atom donor to react with dimethyl malonate to give pyrrolidines by a (4+1) annulation, or with β‐ketoesters to afford tetrahydropyridine derivatives by a (4+2) annulation.
Enhanced piezoelectric properties of randomly oriented and aligned electrospun PVDF fibers by regulating the surface morphology
Authors: Zaarour B. , Zhu L. , Huang C. , Jin X. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTHarvesting energy has been attracting the attention of researchers in recent years. This work comprehensively reports the fabrication and characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) fiber webs with comparable diameters and diversified surface morphologies (wrinkled, smooth, and porous) based on randomly oriented and aligned fiber webs which are used as active layers to directly make a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG). The results show that wrinkled fibers are preferable fiber webs for the PENG owing to their outstanding properties represented by high fibers friction, supreme β phase content (F[β]), and interior pores. Furthermore, we found that the electrical outputs of the PENG based on aligned fiber webs are higher than those based on randomly oriented fiber webs due to the increase in the friction area. The electrical outputs of the PENG based on the aligned wrinkled fiber webs are able to run microelectronic devices when it subjected to a mechanical impact. We believe that our study may inspire the research area for future energy harvesting applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47049.
The influence of viscosity and composition of ABS on the ABS/SBS blend morphology and properties
Authors: Rossato J. H. H. , Lemos H. G. , Mantovani G. L. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTAcrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) shows excellent impact resistance and good stiffness. The incorporation of thermoplastic elastomer into ABS may consist in an interesting approach to further improve the toughness of ABS, in addition to tuning its compatibility with reinforcements. Blends of ABS and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) were obtained by extrusion from different types of ABS with different SBS contents. The results showed that morphology and mechanical behavior of ABS/SBS blends depend strongly on the composition and characteristics of ABS matrix. An increase in elongation at break and slight decrease in modulus could be observed by increasing SBS content. ABS/SBS blend possessing good dispersion of rubber particles with sizes ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 μm of rubber particles exhibited the better performance of the impact resistance, whereas blends showing a predominance of relatively large particles resulted on poorer mechanical properties. These results suggest that viscosity and composition of ABS matrix play a significant role on the dispersion and coalescence of the dispersed phase during mixing. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47075.
Optimal sample size allocation and go/no‐go decision rules for phase II/III programs where several phase III trials are performed
Authors: Preussler Stella , Kieser Meinhard , Kirchner Marietta 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe conduct of phase II and III programs is costly, time‐consuming and, due to high failure rates in late development stages, risky. There is a strong connection between phase II and III trials as the go/no‐go decision and the sample size chosen for phase III are based on the results observed in phase II. An integrated planning of phase II and III is therefore reasonable. The success of phase II/III programs crucially depends on the allocation of the resources to phase II and III in terms of sample size and the rule applied to decide whether to stop or to proceed with phase III. Recently, a utility‐based approach was proposed, where optimal planning of phase II/III programs is achieved by taking fixed and variable costs of the drug development program and potential gains after a successful launch into account. However, this method is restricted to programs with a single phase III trial, while regulatory authorities usually require statistical significance in two or more phase III trials. We present a generalization of this procedure to programs where two or more phase III trials are performed. Optimal phase II sample sizes and go/no‐go decision rules are provided for time‐to‐event outcomes and cases, where at least one, two, or three phase III trials need to be successful. Different drug development program strategies (e.g. one large vs. two phase III trials) are compared within these different cases. Application to practical examples typically met in oncology trials illustrates the proposed method.
Blue or red photoluminescence emission in α‐Bi2O3 needles: Effect of synthesis method
Authors: Schmidt Samara , Kubaski Evaldo T. , Li Máximo Siu , Bezzon Vinicius D.N. , Sequinel Thiago , Tebcherani Sergio M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMonoclinic bismuth oxide (α‐Bi2O3) has attractive optical properties and, therefore, its photoluminescence (PL) behavior has been increasingly explored. Besides this fact, the influence of synthesis methods on PL properties of α‐Bi2O3 still requires research. This paper describes the influence of precipitation (PPT) and microwave‐assisted hydrothermal (MAH) methods on PL properties of acicular α‐Bi2O3 microcrystals. The synthesis method promoted structural modifications on α‐Bi2O3, in particular PPT increased the density of oxygen vacancies significantly. As a result, the PL properties of samples were different depending on the method of synthesis. PPT samples presented their maximum PL emission at 1.91 eV (red), while MAH samples had their maximum at 2.61 eV (blue). These results indicate the possibility of controlling PL properties of α‐Bi2O3 by simply choosing the adequate synthesis method.
Design of Artificial Alcohol Oxidases: Alcohol Dehydrogenase–NADPH Oxidase Fusions for Continuous Oxidations
Authors: Aalbers Friso S. , Fraaije Marco W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo expand the arsenal of industrially applicable oxidative enzymes, fusions of alcohol dehydrogenases with an NADPH‐oxidase were designed. Three different alcohol dehydrogenases (LbADH, TbADH, ADHA) were expressed with a thermostable NADPH‐oxidase fusion partner (PAMO C65D) and purified. The resulting bifunctional biocatalysts retained the catalytic properties of the individual enzymes, and acted essentially like alcohol oxidases: transforming alcohols to ketones by using dioxygen as mild oxidant, while merely requiring a catalytic amount of NADP+. In small‐scale reactions, the purified fusion enzymes show good performances, with 69–99 % conversion, 99 % ee with a racemic substrate, and high cofactor and enzyme total turnover numbers. As the fusion enzymes essentially act as oxidases, we found that commonly used high‐throughput oxidase‐activity screening methods can be used. Therefore, if needed, the fusion enzymes could be easily engineered to tune their properties.
Positive and negative social influences and crime acceleration during the transition from childhood to adolescence: The interplay of risk and protective factors
Authors: Walters Glenn D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundSocial influences are believed to play a vital role in delinquency development within the context of the child‐to‐adolescent transition.AimsIt was hypothesised that (a) positive social influences would be at least as important as negative social influences in shaping later offending behaviour during the child‐to‐adolescent transition; (b) parental social influences would be more prominent during childhood, and sibling and peer social influences would be more prominent during adolescence; and (c) parents would have a more positive influence than siblings or peers.MethodsParticipants were 857 adult respondents (416 men, 441 women) from the 1942 and 1949 Racine birth cohorts. Most were White (87%), with 8% African Americans, and 5% Hispanics. Participants provided retrospective accounts of positive and negative social influences during childhood (ages 6–13) and offending both then and during adolescence (ages 14–18). These retrospective accounts, which were organised into positive and negative influence scales by the original researchers, were then subjected to multiple regression analyses.ResultsA range of positive and negative social influences, not confined to parenting, were associated with adolescent offending, after allowing for the effects of sex, race, education, family structure, and parental and peer criminality. Change was a predominant theme in these data; whereas parental and sibling influences peaked during childhood and were overwhelmingly positive, peer influences peaked during adolescence and were less preponderantly positive.Conclusions and implicationsThese results support a risk model in which positive and negative social influences accumulate to determine a person's propensity for future offending. This propensity can be reduced by encouraging positive influences and discouraging negative ones during the child‐to‐adolescent transition.
Iron‐ or Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction Cascades Merging Cycloisomerization and Cross‐Coupling Chemistry
Authors: Gomes Filipe , Echeverria Pierre‐Georges , Fürstner Alois 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA conceptually novel reaction cascade is presented, which allows readily available enynes to be converted into functionalized 1,3‐dienes comprising a stereodefined tetrasubstituted alkene unit; such compounds are difficult to make by conventional means. The overall transformation is thought to commence with formation of a metallacyclic intermediate that evolves via cleavage of an unstrained C−X bond in its backbone. This non‐canonical cycloisomerization process is followed by a cross‐coupling step, such that reductive C−C bond formation regenerates the necessary low‐valent metal fragment and hence closes an intricate catalytic cycle. The cascade entails the formation of two new C−C bonds at the expense of the constitutional C−X entity of the substrate: importantly, the extruded group X must not be a heteroelement (X=O, NR), since activated β‐C−C bonds can also be broken. This concern was reduced to practice in two largely complementary formats: one procedure relies on the use of alkyl‐Grignard reagents in combination with catalytic amounts of Fe(acac)3, whereas the second method amalgamates cycloisomerization with Suzuki coupling by recourse to arylboronic acids and phosphine‐ligated palladium catalysts.