bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of the policy environment for climate change migration in Bangladesh: Competing narratives, coalitions and power
Authors: Geun Ji Hyeng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn spite of an enormous increase in attention to climate migration in Bangladesh, institutional weaknesses have meant that unplanned migration has triggered social issues. This situation requires investigation of the main challenges and opportunities in institutional capacity and policy development for climate change induced migration. Drawing on different narratives, networks and power status of stakeholders, this study identifies two competing coalitions: ‘in‐situ’ coalition, which shares the belief that migration is a failure of adaptation, and ‘ex‐situ’ coalition adhering to the emerging slogan of “migration as adaptive strategy.” The differentiated powers of two coalitions to some extent leave the agenda of climate migration in the policy domain as a subject of informal institutional capacity rather than a formal regulatory framework. Consequently, the evolution of the policy environment for climate migration depends on how effectively a greater policy space is determined by narratives, coalitions and power. Through a political economy lens, this article seeks to clarify the potential approaches to extending the policy space regarding climate migration in Bangladesh, first by improving ideological pluralism in international climate change finance, and, second, enhancing the bottom‐up process for resource mobilization. In short, the evolution of the policy environment for climate change largely depends on the political power of the ‘ex‐situ’ coalition.
Comparative evaluation of the clonogenic capacity of periodontal ligament fibroblasts in Hank's balanced salt solution and egg albumen: An in vitro study
Authors: Shah Dimpi , Sulkshane Prasad , Lalwani Rutika , Pawar Sagar , Teni Tanuja , Kakade Adesh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground/AimThe type of storage media for short‐term storage of an avulsed tooth is a critical determinant for the success of tooth replantation. If immediate replantation of an avulsed tooth is not possible, it is advised to store the tooth in a suitable storage medium. The viability and clonogenicity of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) determines the success of replantation of an avulsed tooth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the clonogenic capacity of PDLF's upon storage in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and egg albumen.MethodsFibroblast cell culture was established from a human premolar tooth extracted for orthodontic purposes. The PDLF cells thus obtained were treated with either Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM; as a positive control), HBSS, or egg albumen for different durations at room temperature and then allowed to grow in DMEM medium until visible colonies appeared which were then fixed, stained, and scored manually.ResultsWith increase in the duration of storage in both egg albumen as well as HBSS, there was a reduction in the clonogenic capacity of the PDLF's as compared to DMEM. However, storage in egg albumen led to a significant reduction in the clonogenic capacity of PDLF's (8%‐16% for egg albumen) compared to HBSS (80%‐90%).ConclusionDue to its limited ability to support the clonogenicity of PDLF's, egg albumen is a poor storage medium for an avulsed tooth compared to either DMEM or HBSS.
Drought timing influences the legacy of tree growth recovery
Authors: Huang Mengtian , Wang Xuhui , Keenan Trevor F. , Piao Shilong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhether and how the timing of extreme events affects the direction and magnitude of legacy effects on tree growth is poorly understood. In this study, we use a global database of Ring‐Width Index (RWI) from 2,500 sites to examine the impact and legacy effects (the departure of observed RWI from expected RWI) of extreme drought events during 1948–2008, with a particular focus on the influence of drought timing. We assessed the recovery of stem radial growth in the years following severe drought events with separate groupings designed to characterize the timing of the drought. We found that legacies from extreme droughts during the dry season (DS droughts) lasted longer and had larger impacts in each of the 3 years post drought than those from extreme droughts during the wet season (WS droughts). At the global scale, the average integrated legacy from DS droughts (0.18) was about nine times that from WS droughts (0.02). Site‐level comparisons also suggest stronger negative impacts or weaker positive impacts of DS droughts on tree growth than WS droughts. Our results, therefore, highlight that the timing of drought is a crucial factor determining drought impacts on tree recovery. Further increases in baseline aridity could therefore exacerbate the impact of punctuated droughts on terrestrial ecosystems.
Immunohistochemical and genetic characteristics of a colorectal mucin‐rich variant of traditional serrated adenoma
Authors: Hiromoto Takafumi , Murakami Takashi , Akazawa Yoichi , Sasahara Noriko , Saito Tsuyoshi , Sakamoto Naoto , Mitomi Hiroyuki , Nagahara Akihito , Yao Takashi 
Published: May 2018

AimsRecently, several morphological variants of traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) of the colorectum have been recognised, and mucin‐rich TSA (MR‐TSA) and serrated tubulovillous adenoma (S‐TVA) were introduced as distinct morphological variants separate from conventional TSA (C‐TSA). This aim of this study was to elucidate the immunohistochemical and genetic characteristics of MR‐TSAs.Methods and resultsWe performed immunostaining for cytokeratins (CKs) (e.g. CK7 and CK20), mucins (e.g. MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10), β‐catenin, and MLH1, and direct sequencing of BRAF/KRAS, in 32 MR‐TSAs, 35 C‐TSAs, and 23 S‐TVAs. Immunohistochemically, all studied cases were positive for CK20, whereas few cases were positive for CK7, with no significant differences between the three groups. Regarding mucin‐phenotypic expression, all cases were positive for MUC2 but negative for MUC6 and CD10. MUC5AC positivity was found significantly more frequently in MR‐TSAs (53%) than in C‐TSAs (26%; P = 0.026). Nuclear β‐catenin expression in MR‐TSAs was significantly less frequent than in S‐TVAs (P = 0.002). MLH1 nuclear staining was retained in all cases. Genetically, MR‐TSAs (75%) more frequently harboured BRAF mutation than C‐TSAs (49%; P = 0.044) or S‐TVAs (4%; P < 0.001), whereas only two cases (6%) of MR‐TSA harboured a KRAS mutation, a frequency that was significantly lower than that in C‐TSAs (26%; P = 0.047) or S‐TVAs (57%; P < 0.001).ConclusionsMR‐TSAs more frequently harboured BRAF mutations than C‐TSAs, and had distinct immunohistochemical characteristics. Our findings indicated that MR‐TSAs could be important precursors of BRAF‐mutated, microsatellite‐stable subtypes of colorectal carcinoma.
Longevity of bond strength of resin cements to root dentine after radiation therapy
Authors: Yamin P. A. , Pereira R. D. , Lopes F. C. , Queiroz A. M. , Oliveira H. F. , Saquy P. C. , Sousa‐Neto M. D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the bond strength and adhesive interface between several resin cements and root dentine immediately and 6 months after radiotherapy.MethodologySixty maxillary canines were selected and randomly assigned to two groups (n = 30): one group was not irradiated and the other one was subjected to a cumulative radiation dose of 60 Gy. The teeth were sectioned to obtain roots 16 mm long and the canals were prepared with the Reciproc system (R50) and filled using a lateral condensation technique with an epoxy resin sealer. Each group was divided into three subgroups (n = 10) according to the resin cement used for fibreglass fibre post cementation: RelyX‐U200, Panavia‐F2.0 and RelyX ARC. The posts were cemented in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Three 1‐mm‐thick dentine slices were then obtained from each root third. The first two slices in the crown‐apex direction of each third were selected for the push‐out test. The failure mode after debonding was determined with a stereo microscope. The third slice from each root third was selected for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses to examine the resin cement–dentine interface with 100, 1000, 2000 and 4000× magnification. Bond strength data were analysed by anova and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).ResultsSignificantly lower bond strength (P < 0.0001) was obtained after irradiation compared to nonirradiated teeth. RelyX‐U200 cemented fibre posts had the higher bond strength (15.17 ± 5.89) compared with RelyX ARC (P < 0.001) and Panavia‐F2.0 (P < 0.001). The evaluation after 6 months revealed lower bond strength values compared to the immediate values (P < 0.001) for irradiated and nonirradiated teeth. Cohesive failures occurred in the irradiated dentine. SEM revealed fractures, microfractures and fewer collagen fibres in irradiated root dentine. RelyX‐U200 and Panavia‐F2.0 were associated with a juxtaposed interface of the cement with the radicular dentine in irradiated and nonirradiated teeth, and for RelyX ARC, hybrid layer formation and tags were observed in both irradiated and nonirradiated teeth.ConclusionRadiation was associated with a decrease in the push‐out bond strength and with lower resin cement/root dentine interface adaptation. Self‐adhesive resin cement was a better alternative for fibre post cementation in teeth subjected to radiation therapy. The bond strength decreased after 6 months.
Stress and psoriasis
Authors: Rousset Laurie , Halioua Bruno 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe links between psoriasis and stress are complex. This article proposes a review of the literature on the relationship between stress and psoriasis. In 31–88% of cases, patients report stress as being a trigger for their psoriasis. There was also a reported higher incidence of psoriasis in subjects who had a stressful event the previous year, suggesting that stress may have a role in triggering the disease in predisposed individuals. Stress is also a consequence of psoriasis outbreaks. Understanding the role of stress makes it appropriate to target stress when proposing treatment to patients with psoriasis. Several controlled studies have demonstrated that relaxation, hypnosis, biofeedback, and behavioral and cognitive stress management therapies have been effective in people with psoriasis.
Eyebrows cue grandiose narcissism
Authors: Giacomin Miranda , Rule Nicholas O. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveThough initially charming and inviting, narcissists often engage in negative interpersonal behaviors. Identifying and avoiding narcissists therefore carries adaptive value. Whereas past research has found that people can judge others' grandiose narcissism from their appearance (including their faces), the cues supporting these judgments require further elucidation. Here, we investigated which facial features underlie perceptions of grandiose narcissism and how they convey that information.Method and ResultsIn Study 1, we explored the face's features using a variety of manipulations, ultimately finding that accurate judgments of grandiose narcissism particularly depend on a person's eyebrows. In Studies 2A–2C, we identified eyebrow distinctiveness (e.g., thickness, density) as the primary characteristic supporting these judgments. Finally, we confirmed the eyebrows' importance in Studies 3A and 3B by measuring how much perceptions of narcissism changed when swapping narcissists' and non‐narcissists' eyebrows between faces.ConclusionsTogether, these data show that distinctive eyebrows reveal narcissists' personality to others, providing a basic understanding of the mechanism through which people can identify narcissistic personality traits with potential application to daily life.
Humidity‐dependent mechanical and adhesive properties of Arachnocampa tasmaniensis capture threads
Authors: Piorkowski D. , Blackledge T. A. , Liao C.‐P. , Doran N. E. , Wu C.‐L. , Blamires S. J. , Tso I.‐M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBioluminescent glow‐worms (Arachnocampa spp.) capture prey in glue‐coated silk capture threads hung from their nests on damp cave and wet forest substrates. In a dry environment, these animals are very susceptible to desiccation as their bodies can become life threateningly dry and their silk has been anecdotally observed to become non‐sticky. Water has a plasticizing effect on the structural proteins of several invertebrate silks, including those used in caddisfly nets, mussel byssus and spider webs. Moreover, water facilitates interfacial adhesion by spreading adhesive biomolecules in functionally analogous velvet worm slime and spider silk glue. We tested the effects of water on the mechanics and adhesion of Arachnocampa tasmaniensis capture threads sampled within damp caves. We found that threads tested at high humidity were three times more compliant and over 10‐fold more extensible than those tested at low humidity (30% RH). We also found the threads to be significantly more adhesive in high humidity with force at detachment increasing two orders of magnitude and work of adhesion increasing by five orders of magnitude compared to threads tested at low humidity. Our results unequivocally demonstrate that A. tasmaniensis capture thread functionality is dependent upon exposure to high humidity. Our results both confirm previous reports and indicate that the foraging habitat of these animals is restricted to caves and cave‐like environments, such as wet forests.
Genome‐wide evidence for divergent selection between populations of a major agricultural pathogen
Authors: Hartmann Fanny E. , McDonald Bruce A. , Croll Daniel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe genetic and environmental homogeneity in agricultural ecosystems is thought to impose strong and uniform selection pressures. However, the impact of this selection on plant pathogen genomes remains largely unknown. We aimed to identify the proportion of the genome and the specific gene functions under positive selection in populations of the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. First, we performed genome scans in four field populations that were sampled from different continents and on distinct wheat cultivars to test which genomic regions are under recent selection. Based on extended haplotype homozygosity and composite likelihood ratio tests, we identified 384 and 81 selective sweeps affecting 4% and 0.5% of the 35 Mb core genome, respectively. We found differences both in the number and the position of selective sweeps across the genome between populations. Using a XtX‐based outlier detection approach, we identified 51 extremely divergent genomic regions between the allopatric populations, suggesting that divergent selection led to locally adapted pathogen populations. We performed an outlier detection analysis between two sympatric populations infecting two different wheat cultivars to identify evidence for host‐driven selection. Selective sweep regions harboured genes that are likely to play a role in successfully establishing host infections. We also identified secondary metabolite gene clusters and an enrichment in genes encoding transporter and protein localization functions. The latter gene functions mediate responses to environmental stress, including interactions with the host. The distinct gene functions under selection indicate that both local host genotypes and abiotic factors contributed to local adaptation.
Pulse wave velocity in the microcirculation reflects both vascular compliance and resistance: Insights from computational approaches
Authors: Pan Qing , Wang Ruofan , Reglin Bettina , Fang Luping , Yan Jing , Cai Guolong , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Pries Axel R. , Ning Gangmin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivePWV is the speed of pulse wave propagation through the circulatory system. mPWV emerges as a novel indicator of hypertension, yet it remains unclear how different vascular properties affect mPWV. We aim to identify the biomechanical determinants of mPWV.MethodsA 1D model was used to simulate PWV in a rat mesenteric microvascular network and, for comparison, in a human macrovascular arterial network. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the relationship between PWV and vascular compliance and resistance.ResultsThe 1D model enabled adequate simulation of PWV in both micro‐ and macrovascular networks. Simulated arterial PWV changed as a function of vascular compliance but not resistance, in that arterial PWV varied at a rate of 0.30 m/s and −6.18 × 10−3 m/s per 10% increase in vascular compliance and resistance, respectively. In contrast, mPWV depended on both vascular compliance and resistance, as it varied at a rate of 2.79 and −2.64 cm/s per 10% increase in the respective parameters.ConclusionsThe present study identifies vascular compliance and resistance in microvascular networks as critical determinants of mPWV. We anticipate that mPWV can be utilized as an effective indicator for the assessment of microvascular biomechanical properties.
Wheeze trajectories are modifiable through early‐life intervention and predict asthma in adolescence
Authors: Owora Arthur H. , Becker Allan B. , Chan‐Yeung Moira , Chan Edmond S. , Chooniedass Rishma , Ramsey Clare , Watson Wade T. A. , Azad Meghan B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe objectives of this study were to identify developmental trajectories of wheezing using data‐driven methodology, and to examine whether trajectory membership differentially impacts the effectiveness of primary preventive efforts that target modifiable asthma risk factors.MethodsSecondary analysis of the Canadian Asthma Primary Prevention Study (CAPPS), a multifaceted prenatal intervention among children at high risk of asthma, followed from birth to 15 years. Wheezing trajectories were identified by latent class growth analysis. Predictors, intervention effects, and asthma diagnoses were examined between and within trajectory groups.ResultsAmong 525 children, 3 wheeze trajectory groups were identified: Low‐Progressive (365, 69%), Early‐Transient (52, 10%), and Early‐Persistent (108, 21%). The study intervention was associated with lower odds of Early‐Transient and Early‐Persistent wheezing (P < .01). Other predictors of wheeze trajectories included, maternal asthma, maternal education, city of residence, breastfeeding, household pets, infant sex and atopy at 12 months. The odds of an asthma diagnosis were three‐fold to six‐fold higher in the Early‐Persistent vs Low‐Progressive group at all follow‐up assessments (P = .03), whereas Early‐Transient wheezing (limited to the first year) was not associated with asthma. In the Early‐Persistent group, the odds of wheezing were lower among intervention than control children (adjusted odds ratio: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48; 0.93) at 7 years.ConclusionsUsing data‐driven methodology, children can be classified into clinically meaningful wheeze trajectory groups that appear to be programmed by modifiable and non‐modifiable factors, and are useful for predicting asthma risk. Early‐life interventions can alter some wheeze trajectories (ie, Early‐Persistent) in infancy and reduce wheezing prevalence in mid‐childhood.
Chromosome‐based survey sequencing reveals the genome organization of wild wheat progenitor Triticum dicoccoides
Authors: Akpinar Bala Ani , Biyiklioglu Sezgi , Alptekin Burcu , Havránková Miroslava , Vrána Jan , Doležel Jaroslav , Distelfeld Assaf , Hernandez Pilar ,   The IWGSC, Budak Hikmet 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is the progenitor of wheat. We performed chromosome‐based survey sequencing of the 14 chromosomes, examining repetitive sequences, protein‐coding genes, miRNA/target pairs and tRNA genes, as well as syntenic relationships with related grasses. We found considerable differences in the content and distribution of repetitive sequences between the A and B subgenomes. The gene contents of individual chromosomes varied widely, not necessarily correlating with chromosome size. We catalogued candidate agronomically important loci, along with new alleles and flanking sequences that can be used to design exome sequencing. Syntenic relationships and virtual gene orders revealed several small‐scale evolutionary rearrangements, in addition to providing evidence for the 4AL‐5AL‐7BS translocation in wild emmer wheat. Chromosome‐based sequence assemblies contained five novel miRNA families, among 59 families putatively encoded in the entire genome which provide insight into the domestication of wheat and an overview of the genome content and organization.
Ectopic expression of ORANGE promotes carotenoid accumulation and fruit development in tomato
Authors: Yazdani Mohammad , Sun Zhaoxia , Yuan Hui , Zeng Shaohua , Thannhauser Theodore W. , Vrebalov Julia , Ma Qiyue , Xu Yimin , Fei Zhangjun , Van Eck Joyce , Tian Shiping , Tadmor Yaakov , Giovannoni James J. , Li Li 
Published: May 2018

SummaryCarotenoids are critically important to plants and humans. The ORANGE (OR) gene is a key regulator for carotenoid accumulation, but its physiological roles in crops remain elusive. In this study, we generated transgenic tomato ectopically overexpressing the Arabidopsis wild‐type OR (AtORWT) and a ‘golden SNP’‐containing OR (AtORHis). We found that AtORHis initiated chromoplast formation in very young fruit and stimulated carotenoid accumulation at all fruit developmental stages, uncoupled from other ripening activities. The elevated levels of carotenoids in the AtOR lines were distributed in the same subplastidial fractions as in wild‐type tomato, indicating an adaptive response of plastids to sequester the increased carotenoids. Microscopic analysis revealed that the plastid sizes were increased in both AtORWT and AtORHis lines at early fruit developmental stages. Moreover, AtOR overexpression promoted early flowering, fruit set and seed production. Ethylene production and the expression of ripening‐associated genes were also significantly increased in the AtOR transgenic fruit at ripening stages. RNA‐Seq transcriptomic profiling highlighted the primary effects of OR overexpression on the genes in the processes related to RNA, protein and signalling in tomato fruit. Taken together, these results expand our understanding of OR in mediating carotenoid accumulation in plants and suggest additional roles of OR in affecting plastid size as well as flower and fruit development, thus making OR a target gene not only for nutritional biofortification of agricultural products but also for alteration of horticultural traits.