bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of papaya (Carica papaya) sap supplementation in ration on performance of male New Zealand White rabbit
Authors: WICAKSONO PRAMUWIDHI PEKIK , SUBAGYO Y.B.P. , LUTOJO LUTOJO 
Published: July 2018

Wicaksono PP, Subagyo YBP, Lotojo. 2008. The effect of papaya (Carica papaya) sap supplementation in ration on performance of male New Zealand White rabbit. Biofarmasi 6: 16-21. This research aimed to determine the effect of papaya (Carica papaya) sap supplementation on male New Zealand White rabbit performance. The research was conducted at Balai Pembibitan dan Budidaya Ternak Non Ruminansia (BPBTNR), located in Balekambang, Surakarta from 23 April to 18 June 2007. This research used 16 male New Zealand White rabbits divided into four treatments and four replicates, each repetition used a single rabbit. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with unbalanced data. The treatment given was 60% forage, 40% concentrate with papaya (Carica papaya) sap supplementation in feed, consisted of without papaya sap (P0), feed with papaya sap 0.2 g/rabbit (P1), feed with papaya sap 0.4 g/rabbit (P2), and feed with papaya sap 0.6 g/rabbit (P3). The research variables observed were feed consumption, daily weight gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency. The results of research showed that papaya sap supplementation up to 0.6 g/rabbit did not increase feed consumption, daily weight gain, feed efficiency and did not decrease feed conversion.
Effect of patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta) extract with bronchial inflammation grade on Balb/C mice asthma allergic model
Authors: KUNTORO KUNTORO , SUTATI SRI , PUTRANTO R. PRIHANDJOJO ANDRI 
Published: July 2018

Kuntoro, Sutarti S, Putranto RPA. 2010. Effect of patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta) extract with bronchial inflammation grade on Balb/C mice with asthma allergic model. Biofarmasi 8: 37-40. This research aimed to determine the effect of patikan kebo extract towards bronchial inflammation grade on Balb/C mice asthma allergic model. This research used a laboratory experiment with a posttest only control group design by using 24 Balb/C male mice, divided into four groups (control group, asthma allergic group, patikan kebo 10 mg/mice, patikan kebo 20 mg/mice). Samples were sensitized on day-0 and day-14 intraperitoneally, and continued in day-21, 23, 25 and 27 aerosol in 30 minutes. In day-28, the bronchus samples were collected, and the bronchial inflammation grade was observed with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The obtained data were analyzed statistically with Kruskal-Wallis continued with MannWhitney using the program of SPSS for Windows Release 12.0. The data were analyzed with a margin of significance p<0.05. The grading the inflammation of control group was grade 2 (83.33%) and grade 3 (16.67%). Asthma allergic group was grade 3 (16.67%) and grade 4 (83.33%). Patikan kebo 10 mg/mice group was grade 2 (33.33%) and grade 3 (66.67%). Patikan kebo 20 mg/mice group was grade 2 (33.33%) and grade 3 (66.67%). There was a significant difference between asthma allergic group with patikan kebo 10 mg/mice and patikan kebo 20 mg/mice group in a grade inflammation (p=0.009). There was no significant difference in a grade inflammation between patikan kebo 10 mg/mice group with patikan kebo 20 mg/mice (p=1,000). Patikan kebo extract 10 mg/mice and 20 mg/mice reduced the bronchial inflammation grade in Balb/C mice asthma allergic model.
The influence of ethanol extracts concentration of mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia) and storage time toward beef quality
Authors: RAHMAN AVE SONIA , PURWOKO TJAHJADI , NUGRAHENI ESTU RETNANINGTYAS 
Published: July 2018

Rahman AS, Purwoko T, Nugraheni ER. 2011. The influence of ethanol extracts concentration of mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia) and storage time toward beef quality. Biofarmasi 9: 26-32. The high protein content of beef makes it easy to get a contamination caused by an activity of bacteria. The use of formalin as a preservative substance especially for beef can make a damage to health, so it is required to find preservative substances as alternative to substitute formalin. Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) has antibacteria compounds to the decompose bacteria of beef, so mengkudu fruit can be one of natural preservative substance alternatives, especially for beef. The purposes of this research were to determine the influence of ethanol extracts concentration of mengkudu fruit and a storage-time effect toward bacteria amount, and to determine the concentration that had a same activity with formalin to combate the replication of bacteria. This research used two-way completely randomized design. The samples were fresh meat beef that be submerged in mengkudu extract with concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% and formalin 1% as a comparator. After that, the beef was storaged in a room temperature during 16 hours, and every 4 hours it was tested for water content, pH value, beef temperature and a total plate count (TPC) test with a dilution method, and then the number of bacteria colonies with the limit of the bacteria amount of the beef to consume might not be more than 1x104 CFU/gram. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. If there was a significance, it would be continued by a DMRT test with an error rate 5%. The research results showed that all extracts concentration of mengkudu fruit and storage-time gave a significant effect (p<0.05) toward bacteria amount. The concentration of 100% had the same activity with formalin to combate the replication of bacteria among 16 hours storage time.
Effect of putri malu (Mimosa pudica) extract on Ascaris suum mortality in vitro
Authors: SYAHID MUHAMMAD ARIF NUR , UTARI CR. SITI , DJUMARGA SUTARMIADJI 
Published: July 2018

Syahid MAN, Utari CRS, Djumarga S. 2011. Effect of putri malu extract (Mimosa pudica) on Ascaris suum mortality in vitro. Biofarmasi 9: 33-37. This study was to determine the influence of Mimosa pudica extract in Ascaris suum mortality. This research was a laboratory experiment, with a post-test only with control group design by using 140 adult A. suum, divided into seven groups. This research used NaCl 0.9% for a negative control, pirantel pamoat 5 mg/mL solution for a positive control, and five intervention by using 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentration of M. pudica extract. The observation was conducted in every two hours until worm death and it was started to be counted after all worm death. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA test continued with Least Significance Difference (LSD) by using SPP for Window Release 17 with a significance level p<0.05. The results showed that all A. suum death in 96 hours at negative control, 2 hours at positive control, 29.5 hours at 20% M. pudica extract, 24.5 hours at 40% M. pudica extract, 16 hours at 60% M. pudica extract, 12 hours at 80% M. pudica extract and 4 hours at 100% M. pudica extract. There was a significant difference in the death time of A. suum in all research groups. From the result of research, it could be concluded that the extract of putri malu had an effect on accelerating A. suum mortality time.
The influence of aqueous extract of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx on blood cholesterol level and body weight in rats
Authors: MARSALINA MEISA , SAMIGUN SAMIGUN , HARDJANTI ENDANG SRI 
Published: July 2018

Marsalina M, Samigun, Hardjanti ES. 2011. The influence of aqueous extract of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx on blood cholesterol level and body weight in rats. Biofarmasi 9: 43-49. This study aimed to investigate the influence of aqueous extract of roselle calyx on blood cholesterol level and body weight in rats. This experimental research was arranged as a pre and post-test controlled group design. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats, with 3 months of age and 250 g in average weight, were used as an animal model. Those rats were grouped equally into five groups, i.e. negative control (aquadest), positive control (0.26 mg lovastatin/200 g body weight of rats/2 mL), the first dose of aqueous extract of roselle calyx (65 mg/200 g/2 mL), the second dose of aqueous extract of roselle calyx (130 mg/200 g/2 mL), and the third dose of aqueous extract of roselle calyx (195 mg/200 g/2 mL). The measurement of rat blood cholesterol level was conducted before and after treatment, while the rat body weight was measured once a week. The result of this study was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA statistical test. The one-way ANOVA statistical test showed no significant difference on reducing blood cholesterol level with p=0.327 (p>0.05) and body weight in rat with p=0.154, p=0.214, and p=0.938 (p>0.05). This study concluded that the aqueous extract of roselle calyx has no influence on lowering blood cholesterol level and body weight in rats.
The effect of various rice varieties to antimicrobial activity of red mould rice by Monascus purpureus
Authors: SULISTYORINI FITRI , ANDRIANI M.A.M. , UTAMI ROHULA 
Published: July 2018

Sulistyorini F, Andriani M, Utami R. 2008. The effect of various rice varieties to antimicrobial activity of red mould rice by Monascus purpureus. Biofarmasi 9: 50-54. This research had been done at Food and Nutrient Laboratory and Manipulated of Process Laboratory, Agriculture Product Technology Department, Agriculture Faculty, Sebelas Maret University in Surakarta, started from May until September 2008. The aim of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of red mould rice from white rice, red rice and black rice. This research used a factorial experiment that arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial with two experimental factors. The first factor was three levels of rice variety, i.e. white rice (B1), red rice (B2) and black rice (B3). The second factor was fourth levels of extract concentrations, i.e. 2.5% (K1), 5.0% (K2), 7.5% (K3) and 10% (K4). The observation variables included colonies total of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, with a plate count method. The result of this research showed that the interaction of rice variety of red mould rice and the extract concentration effected to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and not effected to Escherichia coli. The extract of red mould rice from black rice with 10% concentration extract, had the highest antimicrobial activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The conclusion of this research was red mould rice had an antimicrobial activity. Red mould rice from black rice had an antimicrobial activity higher than red mould rice from red rice and red mould rice from white rice.
Effect of extraction method on Curcuma xanthorrhiza oleoresin using solar dryer to concentration of curcuminoid, total phenol and antioxidant activty
Authors: VITANTI THERESIA AGNIEST PRICILLA , KAWIJI KAWIJI , NURHARTADI EDHI 
Published: July 2018

Vitanti TAP, Kawiji, Edhi N. 2012. Effect of extraction method on Curcuma xanthorrhiza oleoresin using solar dryer to concentration of curcuminoid, total phenol, and antioxidant activity. Biofarmasi 14: 1-9. Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a type of drug plant that has high enough capacity of production in Indonesia. Generally, commerced in the form of fresh curcuma or processed product as simple as simplicia and curcuma powder. Processed products that could be developed is curcuma oleoresin. It is a mixture of essential oils and resins obtained from extraction process of curcuma powder using an organic solvent. Oleoresin has the same flavor and aroma to the extracted material. Due to these characteristics, it is used as a flavor and food coloring, other than as a raw material in pharmaceutical industry. In addition, it also contains active compounds which can support the utilization of drug and food industries. This study aims to determine whether the size of the powder, powdered curcuma immersion time, and interactions between them that can be influenced the content of curcuminoids, total phenol and antioxidant activity of curcuma oleoresin. Selection of solar dryers in the drying process is based on previously studied that compare the natural drying technique with a solar dryer, and the best results of those studies are shown in the solar dryer. This research using completely randomized design with two factors: the size variation of curcuma powder (60, 80 and 100 mesh) and immersion time variation (extraction) of curcuma powder (12, 24 and 36 hours). The results showed that the powder size of curcuma and immersion time has an effect on curcuminoid content, total phenol and antioxidant activity of curcuma oleoresin. However, there are no interaction between both factors. That is, the size and the immersion time of curcuma powder do not affect each other on the content of curcuminoid, total phenol and activity of antioxidant.
An examination on various concentrations of mahkota dewa and meniran extract and liquid organic fertilizer in Centella asiatica shoot growth in vitro
Authors: SISKAYANTI VENI , ARNIPUTRI RETNA BANDRIYATI , PRASWANTO PRASWANTO 
Published: July 2018

Siskayanti V, Arniputri RB, Praswanto. 2016. An examination on various concentrations of mahkota dewa and meniran extract and liquid organic fertilizer in Centella asiatica shoot growth in vitro. Biofarmasi 14: 47-55. Centella (Centella asiatica L) is one plant utilized as the traditional medicine because it has many benefits, one of which is to fulfill the brain requirement. The aims of this research was to know of media type, mahkota dewa and meniran extract, concentration of meniran, concentration of mahkota dewa, and concertation of liquid organic fertilizer what as well as shoot growth of Centella using tissue culture and filtering (2k design) that is expected it can be screened of the basic media types, organic material types (mahkota dewa and meniran extract), meniran concentration, mahkota dewa concentration and liquid organic fertilizer concentration. This research was taken place in Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, from November 2010 to June 2011. This research used 2k design with RAL environment. Factor 1: Media type ( Â½ MS and MS); Factor 2: Concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (2 mL/L and 20 mL/L); Factor 3: Concentration of meniran 5 mL/L and 25 mL/L); and Factor 4: Concentration of mahkota dewa (5 mL/L and 25 mL/L). Thus, there is 24 = 16 treatment combinations, each of which is repeated three times. The variables observed are shoot emerging duration, shoot number, shoot height, and leaves number. The data were analyzed descriptively. The result of research showed that basic media MS, that basic media MS, POC 20 mL/L, and meniran extract 5 mL/L provided the best explants growth of Centella through in vitro.
Systemic oxidative stress in Suffolk and Santa Ines sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Baptistiolli Lillian , Narciso Luis Gustavo , Almeida Breno Fernando Martins de , Bosco Anelise Maria , Souza Jucilene Conceição de , Torrecilha Rafaela Beatriz Pintor , Pereira Priscila Préve , Figueiredo Renata Nogueira , Garcia José Fernando , Kaneto Carlos Noriyuki , Ciarlini Paulo César 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus are not well established. This study aimed to prove the hypothesis that oxidative stress occurring during infection by H. contortus varies according to breed, and that the parasite burden correlates with hypoalbuminaemia and anaemia. Thus, after deworming and confirming the absence of infection, two different sheep breeds, Suffolk (n = 15) and Santa Ines (n = 22), were orally inoculated with a single dose of 5,000 L3 of H. contortus. The egg counts per gram of faeces (EPG), packed cell volume (PCV) and concentrations of several plasma markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, albumin, uric acid, total bilirubin, total antioxidant capacity [TAC], total oxidant concentration [TOC] and the oxidative stress index [OSI]) were quantified before (control group) and during the experimental infection (28, 34 and 42 days post-inoculation). In both breeds, TOC increased at 28 days and TAC increased at 42 days. In Suffolk sheep, there was a positive correlation of EPG with oxidant components (28 days) and a negative correlation of EPG with PCV (42 days). In Santa Ines sheep, there was a positive correlation of EPG with bilirubin (r = 0.492; p = 0.020). H. contortus infection caused oxidative stress, which varied according to the breed. Parasite burden was not associated with hypoalbuminaemia, whereas there was a negative correlation with PCV. This research provides the first evidence that the antioxidant status contributes more to the resilience to H. contortus in Santa Ines sheep compared to Suffolk sheep.
A new coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae: Eimeria) from the southern black racer, Coluber constrictor priapus (Reptilia: Ophidia: Colubridae) from Arkansas, USA
Authors: McAllister Chris T. , Hnida John A. , Robison Henry W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBetween April 2012 and October 2017, 18 southern black racers,Coluber constrictor priapus, were collected from nine counties of Arkansas (n= 13) and McCurtain County, Oklahoma (n= 5) and their faeces examined for coccidian parasites. One of 18 (6%)C. c. priapusharboured an eimerian that we describe here as new. Oocysts ofEimeria dunnisp. nov. were subspheroidal with a lightly pitted bi-layered wall measuring L × W 24.0 × 21.1 and L/W ratio of 1.2. A micropyle was absent but an oocyst residuum and polar granule were present. Sporocysts were ovoidal and measured 11.9 × 8.1 with L/W of 1.5. A Stieda body was present but substieda and parastieda bodies were absent. The sporocyst residuum was composed of medium-sized granules aligned along perimeter of sporocyst or in a dispersed mass. This represents the first valid eimerian reported from the southern black racer.
Screening of Cercopithifilaria bainae and Hepatozoon canis in ticks collected from dogs of Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Santos Marcos Antônio Bezerra , Macedo Lucia Oliveira de , Otranto Domenico , Ramos Carlos Alberto do Nascimento , Rêgo Ana Gabriela de Oliveira do , Giannelli Alessio , Alves Leucio Câmara , Carvalho Gílcia Aparecida de , Ramos Rafael Antonio Nascimento 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) is one of the most widespread ixodid ticks and is a competent vector of several vector-borne pathogens of veterinary and medical concern. For instance, this tick species transmits nematodes of the genus Cercopithifilaria and protozoa of the genus Hepatozoon to carnivores, including dogs. Here we investigated the occurrence of Cercopithifilaria spp. and Hepatozoon spp. in a population of ticks collected from naturally infested dogs living in rural areas of Northeastern Brazil. From August 2016 to June 2017, 758 tick specimens (mean ticks per month = 68.9 ± 71.4) were sampled from 75 dogs (mean ticks per dog = 10.11 ± 5.2) and dissected under a stereomicroscope in order to visualize Cercopithifilaria spp. larvae and Hepatozoon spp. oocysts and sporocysts. R. sanguineus s.l. was the only species collected, peaking in September (n = 273) and decreasing in February 2017 (n = 39). Different larval stages of Cercopithifilaria bainae were identified in 7 out of 758 (0.93%) ticks. In addition, 4 specimens (0.53%) were positive for oocysts and free sporocysts of Hepatozoon canis. The identity of both species of parasites was molecularly confirmed. These results account for the predominance of R. sanguineus (s.l.) in domestic dogs from rural locations of the study area, as well as for the presence C. bainae and H. canis in these tick populations.
Risk averse banks and excess reserve fluctuations
Authors: Jenkins Brian C. , Salemi Michael K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We develop a model to study how risk averse banks use excess reserves to manage risk on their asset portfolios. Our model predicts that risk averse banks accumulate substantial holdings of excess reserves in response to large, low-probability shocks to the risk on loans. Our findings support the hypothesis that risk aversion led banks to build-up excess reserves within the US banking system in September of 2008 following news about the failure of Lehman Brothers and the credit downgrade of AIG. Moreover, our model also explains the magnitude of excess reserve fluctuations observed in the US over typical business cycles.
Tucker Tensor Analysis of Matérn Functions in Spatial Statistics
Authors: Litvinenko Alexander , Keyes David , Khoromskaia Venera , Khoromskij Boris N. , Matthies Hermann G. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this work, we describe advanced numerical tools for working with multivariate functions and for the
analysis of large data sets. These tools will drastically reduce the required computing time and the
storage cost, and, therefore, will allow us to consider much larger data sets or finer meshes.
Covariance matrices are crucial in spatio-temporal statistical tasks, but are often very expensive to
compute and store, especially in three dimensions. Therefore, we approximate covariance functions by cheap surrogates
in a low-rank tensor format. We apply the Tucker and canonical tensor decompositions to a family of
Matérn- and Slater-type functions with varying parameters and demonstrate numerically
that their approximations exhibit exponentially fast convergence.
We prove the exponential convergence of the Tucker and canonical approximations in tensor
rank parameters.
Several statistical operations are performed in this low-rank tensor format, including evaluating the
conditional covariance matrix, spatially averaged
estimation variance, computing a quadratic form, determinant, trace, loglikelihood, inverse,
and Cholesky decomposition of a large covariance matrix.
Low-rank tensor approximations reduce the computing and storage costs essentially.
For example, the storage cost
is reduced from an exponential

𝒪
⁢

(

n
d

)

{\mathcal{O}(n^{d})}

to a linear scaling

𝒪
⁢

(

d
⁢
r
⁢
n

)

{\mathcal{O}(drn)}

,
where d is the spatial dimension, n is the number of mesh points in one direction,
and r is the tensor rank.
Prerequisites for applicability of the proposed techniques are the assumptions that the data, locations,
and measurements lie on a tensor (axes-parallel) grid and that the covariance
function depends on a distance,

∥

x
-
y

∥

{\|x-y\|}

.
Optimization of the fabrication conditions and effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the tensile properties of various glass fibers/unsaturated polyester resin composites
Authors: Hoang Van-Tho , Yum Young-Jin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Conventional glass fiber/unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) composites were fabricated by four layers to verify the optimum fabrication conditions such as the initial curing temperature, fiber changes and vacuum. Before that another optimum condition for stir mixing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into UPR was further investigated based on the initial curing temperature. Exothermic temperature measurements, density measurements, thermo-gravimetric analysis and tensile testing were utilized to identify the effects of these factors on the UPR and composite laminates. Consequently, an initial curing temperature range of 25°C–35°C was recommended to start the polymerization. In addition, the fiber combination and applying vacuum were also represented as the other optimum conditions in composite fabrication. The optimum initial curing temperature was applied for modifying UPR with 0.1 wt.% MWCNTs. Then, all of optimum conditions were used to fabricate glass fibers/modified UPR composites. The higher tensile strength and modulus of fiber combination with the adding of MWCNTs were obtained at 25.29 MPa and 1.39 GPa, respectively. The results indicate that simple MWCNT mixing can be used in industry due to the reduction of the fabrication time and better tensile properties.