bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Direct Acting Antiviral (DAA) Treatment on Glucose Metabolism and Reduction of Pre-diabetes in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Weidner Philip , Boettche Dominik , Zimmerer Thomas , Burgermeister Elke , Teufel Andreas , Ebert Matthias P.A. , Antoni Christoph 
Published: September 2018

Background & Aim: With the development of direct acting antiviral agents (DAA) chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has become curable in most patients. Since HCV infection is known to have direct and/or indirect effects on glucose metabolism, successful HCV treatment may have an impact in reducing glucose level, pre-diabetes, the need of treatment for diabetes, and ultimately diabetes-associated morbidity. We investigated the association of DAA treatment and glucose metabolism in the context of development or resolution of hepatic fibrosis in a large cohort of HCV- infected patients.
Methods: In this retrospective single-center observational study, we investigated 281 patients receiving alloral DAA therapy for fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, liver enzymes an general clinical chemistry, measured during a 52-week follow-up. In addition, elastography, FIB-4- and APRI-calculation were used to assess hepatic fibrosis non-invasively.
Results: Successful elimination of HCV through DAA treatment was associated with a significant drop in fasting glucose level and a reduced rate of impaired fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Interestingly, this metabolic change was BMI-independent. In addition, long-term glucose levels also decreased after successful DAA treatment.A significant APRI-score reduction was associated with a persistent improvement of FPG. However, DAA did not have an impact on glucose metabolism in patients suffering from liver cirrhosis.
Conclusion: This study highlights the beneficial impact of successful HCV therapy on glucose metabolism and identifies patients with liver cirrhosis as a collective in need of intensified surveillance with regard to diabetes progression despite HCV eradication.
Mechanisms and Parameters of the Binding of Amitozinoberamid to DNA in the Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kutovyy S. Yu. , Savchuk R. S. , Bashmakova N. V. , Hovorun D. M. , Zaika L. A. 
Published: September 2018

The interaction between the amitozinoberamid preparation (thiotepa-alkylated berberine) and a DNA macromolecule in the aqueous solution has been studied, by using the optical spectroscopy methods: electron absorption and fluorescence. The dependence of spectral characteristics on the concentration ratio N/c between the DNA base pairs and the ligand molecules is plotted. Using the system of modified Scatchard and McGhee–von Hippel equations, the parameters of the binding of amitozinoberamid to DNA are determined. A comparative analysis of the DNA interaction with amitozinoberamid, on the one hand, and berberine and sanguinarine alkaloids, on the other hand, is carried out. The structure and the spectra of electron absorption of thiotepa, berberine, and amitozinoberamid molecules are calculated in the framework of the density functional theory at the DFT B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level.
Eye Findings in Infants With Suspected or Confirmed Antenatal Zika Virus Exposure
Authors: Tsui Irena , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes , Rossetto Julia D. , Vasconcelos Zilton , Gaw Stephanie L. , Neves Luiza M. , Zin Olivia A. , Haefeli Lorena , Silveira Filho Joel Carlos Barros , Gomes Saint Clair , Adachi Kristina , Pone Marcos Vinicius da Silva , Pone Sheila Moura , Pereira Jose Paulo , Belfort Rubens , Arumugaswami Vaithilingaraja , Brasil Patricia , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Zin Andrea A. 
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVES:
To characterize ophthalmic manifestations of confirmed or suspected antenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure.

METHODS:
Infants with antenatal ZIKV exposure were referred for evaluation during the 2015–2016 Rio de Janeiro outbreak. Mothers with symptomatic ZIKV infection during pregnancy and/or infants with microcephaly or other findings that were suggestive of suspected antenatal exposure were tested with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Complete eye examinations were performed by pediatric ophthalmologists between January 2016 and February 2017. The main outcome measure was eye abnormalities in RT-PCR–positive and suspected (ie, not tested or RT-PCR–negative) antenatal ZIKV cases.

RESULTS:
Of 224 infants, 189 had RT-PCR testing performed. Of 189 patients, 156 had positive RT-PCR results in their blood, urine, and/or placenta. Of 224 infants, 90 had central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities, including microcephaly (62 infants). Eye abnormalities were present in 57 of 224 (25.4%) infants. Optic nerve (44 of 57; 77.2%) and retina abnormalities (37 of 57; 64.9%) were the most common. The group with suspected ZIKV infection (68 infants) had proportionally more eye (36.8% vs 20.5%; P = .022) and CNS abnormalities (68.3% vs 28.1%; P = .008), likely because of referral patterns. Eye abnormalities consistent with ZIKV infection were clinically comparable in both RT-PCR–positive and unconfirmed groups, including 4 RT-PCR–positive infants of 5 without any CNS abnormalities.

CONCLUSIONS:
Similar eye manifestations were identified regardless of laboratory confirmation. Well-appearing infants were also found to have eye abnormalities. Therefore, all infants born after ZIKV outbreaks should be universally screened for eye abnormalities.
EFFECT OF SOME ADDITIVES ON PROCESSBILITY, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGY OF POLYOXYMETHYLENE/SILICA NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: Nguyen Chinh Thuy , Thai Hoang , Tran Mai Thi 
Published: September 2018

Using additives for polyoxymethylene/silica (POM/SiO2) nanocomposite system is one of suitable solutions to improve processbility, mechanical properties, especially, elongation at break of the material. In this paper, the effect of some additives on the processbility, mechanical properties and morphology of polyoxymethylene/silica (POM/SiO2) nanocomposite was investigated. Zinc stearate (under the commercial name ultraflow – UTF), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polylactic acid grafted 5 wt.% of polyethylene glycol (PELA) were used as additives for the nanocomposites. The obtained results showed that the preparing process of the POM/SiO2 nanocomposite becam more easily in the presence of PELA, UTF and EVA, corresponding to a lower torque and mixing energy. The PELA caused decrease in the E-modulus or hardness and increase in elongation at break as well as tensile strength of the POM/SiO2 nanocomposites. The SEM images showed that POM and nanosilica were less compatible in the nanocomposite using EVA, LLDPE and UTF and they were more compatible with using PELA.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Bilim ve Bilim İnsanı Kavramlarına İlişkin Algılarının Metafor Analizi Aracılığıyla İncelenmesi
Authors: Özgün Bilgi Başak , Gürkan Gülşah , Kahraman Sibel 
Published: September 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı
öğretmen adaylarının “bilim” ve “bilim insanı” kavramlarına ilişkin algılarını
metaforlar aracılığıyla ortaya çıkarmaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim desenine
göre tasarlanan çalışmada, içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Veriler, 62 fen bilgisi, 45 sınıf
öğretmeni olmak üzere toplam 107 öğretmen adayının “Bilim/Bilim İnsanı …… gibidir.
Çünkü ……” ifadelerini tamamlamasıyla elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlarımıza göre, öğretmen
adayları “Bilim” kavramı için 85, “bilim insanı” kavramı için 80 geçerli metafor üretmiştir. Öğretmen
adaylarından elde edilen verilerde “bilim” kavramı için en çok “Kitap” (f=5),
“bilim insanı” kavramı için ise “Güneş” (f=5) metaforu kullanılmıştır. Elde
edilen metaforlar daha sonra ortak özellikleri ve benzerlikleri dikkate
alınarak kategorileştirilmiş ve “bilim”
kavramı için sekiz, “bilim insanı” kavramı için altı kategori elde edilmiştir. Öğretmen adayları
“bilim” kavramını çoğunlukla “emek-çaba ve araştırmaya bağlı” (f=17) bir yapı,
“bilim insanı” kavramını ise “araştıran, çabalayan, çalışkan bir kişi” (f=31)
olarak görmektedir.
Kavramsal
kategoriler, öğretmen adaylarının cinsiyeti, sınıf düzeyleri ve bölüm türü
bakımından da farklılaşmıştır.
“Bilim” ve “bilim insanı” kavramlarına ilişkin oluşturulan metaforlar arasında
olumsuz bir metafora rastlanmamıştır.
Health Promotion for Family Caregivers of Chronically Ill Elders
Authors: GIVEN BARBARA A. , GIVEN CHARLES W. 
Published: September 2018

Previous research has focused almost exclusively on the burden and the negative effects of caregiving on the primary caregivers of the chronically ill. This prior research has provided a backdrop for understanding the psychological and physical challenges that caregiving incurs. Missing from past research, however, is any focus on the health promotion strategies of this caregiving population. Although some literature focuses on the psychological well-being, few articles deal with the physical health status of caregivers. Fewer yet describe the health promotion strategies that caregivers use to maintain their health.The chapter reviews existing literature regarding health promotion activities of primary caregivers in the context of articles focused on the psychological and physical health status of caregivers. Health promotion strategies will be discussed, as will recommendations for future research in this topic area.
The Chronobiology, Chronopharmacology, and Chronotherapeutics of Pain
Authors: AUVIL-NOVAK SUSAN E. 
Published: September 2018

Data for this review of chronobiology, chronopharmacology, chronotherapeutics and pain were derived from electronic searches of the medical literature (Medline) utilizing both Silver Platter and OVID search engines. Further information was obtained from personal conversations with members of the International Society for Chronobiology involved in chronopharmacology and pain research and reviews of non-Medline-referenced materials and journals such as Chronobiologia and the Annual Review of Chronopharmacology. A variety of data from proceedings were available, but was not utilized because of their nonrefereed status and the relative unavailability of such sources; however, peer-reviewed, published proceedings have been included in this review.A total of 62 studies were identified as relevant to this review of biological rhythms and pain; of these, only 6 were conducted by nurses. Studies were broadly categorized by purpose as experimental chronobiology in humans (9), experimental chronobiology in animals (12), clinical chronobiology (25), chronopharmacology in animals (6), chronopharmacology in humans (6), and chronotherapeutic interventions (4). All statistically significant findings were reported at the p < 0.05 level.
Chronic Low Back Pain: Early Interventions
Authors: FAUCETT JULIA 
Published: September 2018

Low back pain is a common and costly social problem. Many of the long term outcomes of chronic low back pain (CLBP), such as those related to occupational and social function or patient and family coping, are sensitive to nursing intervention. To identify potentially productive areas for nursing intervention research, studies from 1990 to 1998 were reviewed that investigated (a) potential early indicators that acute or subchronic low back pain would result in chronic pain and disability, (b) patient perspectives on adaptation to chronic pain, and (c) the value of interventions undertaken during the acute and subchronic phases of back pain to modify long-term outcomes. Sixteen quantitative studies were identified that prospectively investigated the natural history and outcomes of low back pain. Six qualitative studies that investigated the perspectives of patients with back pain were also identified. Ten randomized clinical trials were identified that investigated interventions undertaken during the acute or subchronic stages of back pain.Clinical interventions that included advice to re-engage in activity, support to develop personalized goals, reinforcement for healthy gains and appropriate functional activities, and physical conditioning exercises tended to be successful in returning patients to work or limiting their self-reported disability and pain. Interventions that promoted communication at the worksite or modified the patient’s job were also successful in promoting a faster return to work. Nonetheless, this is a nascent area of research in need of improvements related to the selection of appropriate subjects and controls, the timing and duration of interventions, and the reliability with which interventions are implemented. Furthermore, patients with back pain are most likely to benefit when nursing theories about chronic pain are linked to clinical intervention research.
End-of-Life Care for Older Adults in ICUs
Authors: BAGGS JUDITH G. 
Published: September 2018

This review was undertaken to present and critique the most recent (1990-2000) empirical evidence about end-of-life care for older adult patients in ICUs, their families, and care providers. The studies (including descriptive, correlational, longitudinal, and intervention) were found using a combination of these terms: (a) intensive care (units) or critical care (units), and (b) critical illness, critically ill patients, terminally ill, terminal care, life support care, or palliative care. The computerized databases searched were CINAHL and MEDLINE. Only published studies of persons 44 years of age or older, written in English, and conducted in the U.S. or Canada were included. Research was not limited to studies conducted by or written by nurses. Excluded were articles focused on physiology, for example, studies of treatment for specific conditions, and articles focused on predictors of ICU outcomes.Findings and Implications for ResearchThere is little research specifically focused on end-of-life care of older adults in ICUs. Most research has been retrospective, and most has involved either providers or patients and families but not both.Research is needed in many areas. The mechanism by which age affects choice of care needs further exploration. The experience of patients, families, and providers and how those experiences change with interventions needs investigation. The influence of the ICU culture, variation in decisions made and reasons for that variation, the decision-making process, and variations in care, all require further attention. Four domains were identified for research needed to improve care for older adults at the end of life in intensive care: symptom relief, communication improvement, psychological support, and relationship improvement. No one has assessed whether the ICU is a good place for transition to palliation to occur, or whether it would be better to transfer patients to another type of unit.
Genetics and Gerontological Nursing: A Need to Stimulate Research
Authors: FRAZIER LORRAINE , OSTWALD SHARON K. 
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss how genetics will affect gerontological nursing. The chapter will answer two questions: (1) Which aspects of genetics will be most relevant to future gerontological nursing practice? and (2) What will be the impact of genetics on the future of gerontological nursing education and research? MEDLINE was searched for relevant articles from 1995 to 2001 using the key words aging, genetics, geriatrics, nursing education, research, and gerontology. CRISP was searched using the thesaurus terms education/planning, genetics, health education, model design/development, psychological model, pubic health curriculum, behavioral/social science research, and research nursing/genetics. A total of 101 nursing and nonnursing articles were reviewed. Research reports were selected if they focused on issues related to gerontological nursing. Articles were reviewed that had application to genetic nursing, complex diseases, and genetics.The evolution of the science of genetics will revolutionize gerontological nursing and affect future nursing education and research as the concepts of genetic science and the technology they generate are translated into everyday clinical practice. Genetic discoveries in common complex diseases will affect care provided by gerontological nurses in the 21st century. Gerontological nurses must move quickly to recognize this genetic paradigm shift and to incorporate genetics issues into their nursing practice.
Symptom Experiences of Children and Adolescents With Cancer
Authors: DOCHERTY SHARRON L. 
Published: September 2018

This paper examines nursing research focused on the symptom experiences of children and adolescents with cancer, and the extent to which the perspective and methods of developmental science have been used in this research. CINALH, MEDLINE, and PSYCHLIT were searched for publications between 1990 and 2002. The researcher or research team had to include a nurse or developmentally oriented researchers from other disciplines. Studies focused exclusively on pain were excluded because of recent published reviews. While nurse researchers have contributed influential knowledge related to symptom experiences and symptom distress in children and adolescents with cancer, this research is still in a formative but exciting stage. Two nurse researchers and their teams laid the foundation for this research through their individual studies and collaborative multisite studies.In general, children and adolescents from 10 through 18 years of age were primarily studied; few studies focused on preschool children. Given the fact that these are rare populations, sample sizes were generally small, limiting power and generalizability. Gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status were rarely considered in analyses. Most studies used cross-sectional designs, although several included short-term longitudinal or repeated measure designs. To date, longitudinal designs focused on long-term outcomes have not been conducted. There were only a few qualitative studies. There was limited use of conceptual models or theories, and inadequate attention was paid to broader ecological perspectives in the children’s lives. Studies included a focus on global symptoms and on individual symptoms, particularly pain and fatigue. Few focused on nausea and vomiting. Operationalization of symptom distress generally involved adapting instruments designed for adults.A more explicit employment of a developmental science perspective in future studies would call for more longitudinal designs that conceptualize the symptom experience from the perspective of the child and that view their responses as complex and multidimensional in nature. This would necessitate measuring clusters of symptoms at multiple levels (e.g., emotional, behavioral, and biophysiological) using developmental data collection methods. Furthermore, attention needs to be paid in conceptualizing studies to ecological factors related to families, social networks, communities, and ethnicity, as well as to the ecology of the health care system, which likely influences the symptom experience of children.
Care of Preterm Infants: Programs of Research and Their Relationship to Developmental Science
Authors: HOLDITCH-DAVIS DIANE , BLACK BETH P. 
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this review was to examine the topics covered in current programs of nursing research on the care of the preterm infant and to determine the extent to which this research is informed by developmental science. A researcher was considered to have a current program of research if he or she had at least five publications published since 1990 and was the first author on at least three of them. The infants in a study could be any age from birth throughout childhood; studies focusing on parenting, nursing, or other populations of infants were not included.Seventeen nurse researchers had current programs of research in this area. These programs had four themes. Those of Becker, Evans, Pridham, Shiao, and Zahr focused on infant responses to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment and treatments. Franck, Johnston, and Stevens focused on pain management. Harrison, Ludington-Hoe, and White-Traut’s research focused on infant stimulation. Holditch-Davis, McCain, McGrath, Medoff-Cooper, Schraeder, and Youngblut studied infant behavior and development.These research programs had many strengths, including strong interdisciplinary focus and clinical relevance. However, additional emphasis is needed on the care of the critically ill infant. Also, despite the fact that the preterm infant’s neurological system develops rapidly over the first year, only three of these researchers used a developmental science perspective. Only research on infant behavior and development focused on the developmental changes that the infants were experiencing. Most of the studies were longitudinal, but many did not use statistics appropriate for identifying stability and change over time. The response of individual infants and the broader ecological context as evidenced by factors such as gender, ethnic group, culture, and intergenerational effects were rarely examined. Thus research on the care of preterm infants could be expanded if the developmental science perspective formed the basis of more studies.
Health Disparities Among Men from Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations
Authors: DALLAS CONSTANCE , BURTON LINDA 
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to review empirical nursing literature on the health care of racial and ethnic minority men, specifically African American/Black, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Asian/Pacific Islander men. CINAHL and MEDLINE computer databases were searched from their earliest online date until 2003 using a combination of manual and computer-based methods to identify the nursing literature with samples that included minority men. Articles were selected according to their relevance to the four areas of adult health disparities targeted by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS): heart disease, malignant neoplasms (cancer), diabetes, and HIV/AIDS.A total of 52 empirical articles were selected. Findings were categorized as addressing disease prevention, disease screening, or disease management of the targeted conditions. This review demonstrates that some important work has already been accomplished in nursing research to address the four adult health disparities targeted by DHHS. Future research should be based on gaps identified in existing literature and should be guided by culturally appropriate theories and constructs.