bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Al Reaction Rate in the Damage Effect and Energy Output of RDX‐Based Aluminized Explosives in Concrete
Authors: Zhou Zhengqing , Chen Jianguo , Yuan Hongyong , Nie Jianxin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to improve the understanding of how the aluminum reaction rate affects the damage effect and energy output of RDX‐based aluminized explosives in concrete. A calculation method for the dynamic response of concrete and energy output of RDX‐based aluminized explosive is proposed based on the time‐dependent Jones‐Wilkins‐Lee equation of state (JWL‐EOS), cavity expansion model and energy partition theory, which is in turn verified through experiments with 70 g RDX/Al/wax (65 %/30 %/5 %) charge embedded in concrete. Based on the proposed method, the dynamic response of concrete and energy output of RDX/Al/wax with four different aluminum reaction rates were calculated. The results indicate a positive correlation between the crushed region radius and the aluminum reaction rate, and that the cracked region radius is inversely proportional to the aluminum reaction rate. For the energy output of RDX/Al/wax, the shock wave energy grows with increasing aluminum reaction rate, while the detonation products expansion energy increases and then drops with rising aluminum reaction rate, peaking at 2.37 MJ/kg when the Al reaction rate constant M=0.02. The calculation method presented in this paper are of great significance for investigating and improving the performance of RDX‐based aluminized explosives in concrete.
A Rapid and Sensitive Quantitative Analysis Method for TNT using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Gao Feng , Liu Wenfang , Meng Zihui , Su Pengfei , Li Zhixue , Wang Minghui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRaman spectroscopy as a rapid and sensitive qualitative detection method has been applied in many fields; however, it is rarely used for the quantitative purpose due to poor reproducibility of peak area. Here, 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its two byproducts, 2,4‐dinitrotoluence (DNT) and 2,6‐DNT, were firstly qualitatively analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and the characteristic parameters were extracted. Then, in the range of 2 %–9 % and 10 %–90 %, the standard curves were established between the area ratio of the characteristic peaks and the content of 2,4‐DNT or 2,6‐DNT using silver nanoflowers as the enhancing substrate. The fitting correlation for TNT/2,4‐DNT or TNT/2,6‐DNT system is around 0.99. The peak area ratio of the components exhibits much better dada reproducibility than peak area, and the relative error does not exceed 9.3 % for at least six groups of parallel experiments.
New Constraints on Classical de Sitter: Flirting with the Swampland
Authors: Andriot David 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe study the existence and stability of classical de Sitter solutions of type II supergravities with parallel ‐branes and orientifold ‐planes. Together with the dilaton and volume scalar fields, we consider a third one that distinguishes between parallel and transverse directions to the . We derive the complete scalar potential for these three fields. This formalism allows us to reproduce known constraints obtained in 10d, and to derive new ones. Specifying to group manifolds with constant fluxes, we exclude a large region of parameter space, forbidding de Sitter solutions on nilmanifolds, semi‐simple group manifolds, and some solvmanifolds (at least in some standard algebra basis). In the small remaining region, we identify a stability island, where the three scalars could be stabilized in any de Sitter solution. We discuss these results in the swampland context.
Triazolide strigolactone mimics as potent selective germinators of parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa
Authors: Dvorakova Marcela , Hylova Adela , Soudek Petr , Petrova Sarka , Spichal Lukas , Vanek Tomas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDStrigolactones are a unique class of plant metabolites which serve as a rhizosphere signal for parasitic plants and evocate their seed germination. The expansion of these parasitic weeds in the food crop fields urgently calls for their increased control and depletion. Simple strigolactone analogues able to stimulate seed germination of these parasitic plants may represent an efficient control measure through the induction of suicidal germination.RESULTSTriazolide‐type strigolactone mimics were easily synthesized in three steps from commercially available materials. These derivatives induced effectively seed germination of Phelipanche ramosa with EC50 as low as 5.2 × 10−10 M. These mimics did not induce seed germination of Striga hermonthica even at high concentration (≥1 × 10−5 M).CONCLUSIONSSimple and stable strigolactone mimics with selective activity against Phelipanche ramosa were synthesized. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Sugarcane juice stability in plastic bottle treated with silver and zinc oxide
Authors: da Costa Ribeiro Abgail Suelen , de Lima Gomes Jéssica , Kushida Marta Mitsui , Petrus Rodrigo Rodrigues 
Published: January 2019

Sugarcane juice is highly susceptible to microbial outgrowth, and the use of active packaging may enhance its preservation. In this study, the microbiological stability of pasteurized (85°C/30 s) cane juice was evaluated. The juice was aseptically filled into high‐density polyethylene (HDPE‐TiO2) bottles that had been incorporated with inorganic agents microstructured with silver and zinc oxide (Ag/ZnO). The processed batches were stored at 5°C in the dark. Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory tests were conducted with the freshly processed juice and the beverage stored to evaluate the product's stability. The maximum thresholds set for mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and moulds and yeasts counts were 5, 4, and 3 logCFU/mL, respectively. The pH values, soluble solids, and titratable acidity ranged from 5.10 to 5.37, 14.3 to 24.0 °Brix, and 0.05% to 0.13% citric acid, respectively. The estimated microbiological stability for the processed juice was 50 days. The average scores on the nine‐point hedonic scale tests ranged between 5.0 and 7.7. The microstructured inorganic agents with Ag/ZnO had no influence on the microbiological stability of the product.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant time‐varying formation tracking for multiagent systems with multiple leaders
Authors: Wang Zhanshan , Wu Yanming , Li Tieshan , Zhang Huaguang 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn this paper, an adaptive fault‐tolerant time‐varying formation control problem for nonlinear multiagent systems with multiple leaders is studied against actuator faults and state‐dependent uncertainties. Simultaneously, the followers form a predefined formation while tracking reference signal determined by the convex combination of the multiple leaders. Based on the neighboring relative information, an adaptive fault‐tolerant formation time‐varying control protocol is constructed to compensate for the influences of actuator faults and model uncertainties. In addition, the updating laws can be adjusted online through the adaptive mechanism, and the proposed control protocol can guarantee that all the signals in the closed‐loop systems are bounded. Lyapunov‐like functions are addressed to prove the stability of multiagent systems. Finally, two examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Study of anodizing process on aluminium foam to improve the corrosion behavior
Authors: Rossi Stefano , Bizzotto Mirco , Deflorian Flavio , Fedel Michele 
Published: January 2019

Aluminium foam is obtained by the production of air into metallic melt. This material shows a very low density together with good mechanical properties, high impact energy absorption, and fire resistance. Different production ways to obtain metallic foam are possible. Considering the cost, the Alporas process is particularly interesting. By means of this production method, a block of metallic foam with close cells is obtained. By slicing, foam panels are obtained. The mechanical cut promotes the formation of an open cells texture on the surface. In this last case, the complex morphology of aluminium foam could be a critical point considering the corrosion behavior in aggressive environments, where localized corrosion phenomena, as pitting or crevice corrosion, are likely to occur. The anodizing treatment is one of the most used methods to improve the corrosion resistance of aluminium and aluminium alloys. The aim of this paper is to perform an anodization treatment to enhance the corrosion resistance of aluminium foam. Constant voltage anodization (12 V for 60 min) and pulsed current anodization (0.04 A/cm2 for 60 seconds and 0.01 A/cm2 for 15 seconds, repeated for 15 cycles) have been carried out in 15 wt% H2SO4 at 20°C. The anodized samples are observed in cross section by optical and electronic microscopes to investigate the structure of the anodic oxide layer and the presence of defects and to measure the thickness of the layer. The corrosion protection performance and the compactness of layers are evaluated using acetic salt spray test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Covalent Bonding of PANI and p‐Phenylenediamine‐Functionalized GO Using N,N′‐Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as Dehydrating Agent for Electrochromic Applications
Authors: Xiong Shanxin , Wang Ru , Zhang Xiangkai , Wu Yu , Xu Zhongying , Ma Bei , Zhang Xiaolu , Qu Qiaochu , Wu Bohua , Chu Jia , Wang Xiaoqin , Zhang Runlan , Gong Ming , Chen Zhenming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a high‐performance organic/inorganic electrochromic material was synthesized by covalent bonding of polyaniline (PANI) and graphene oxide (GO). In the presence of N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as dehydrating agent, GO was functionalized by p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) through an amidation reaction. Water‐processable PANI‐GO nanocomposites were prepared by copolymerization of aniline with PPD functionalized GO in the presence of poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) dopant in an aqueous medium. The structures and morphologies of PANI‐GO nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, Raman spectra, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that covalent bonding PANI‐GO nanocomposites possess better electrochemical and electrochromic properties over that of neat PANI. With 3 wt.% GO‐PPD loading, PANI‐GO‐3% exhibits the optimal electrochemical and electrochromic properties, among which the charge‐transfer resistance (RCT) is 29.4 Ω, the optical contrast is 0.72 and coloring/bleaching time is 4.45/4.28 s. Overdose GO‐PPD leads to negative influence on the contrast and switching speed, owing to the ion blocking effect brought by its two‐dimensional nanostructure.
DFT Study on the Formation of Homo and Hetero dimers of BN‐doped Tetracyclic fused Aromatics via π⋯π Stacking
Authors: Saha Bapan , Bhattacharyya Pradip K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractComputational study on the formation of 31 homo and hetero dimers of tetracyclic fused aromatics (isomeric) viz. tetracene, chrysene and triphenylene via π⋯π stacking is performed using Density functional theory (DFT). Geometries of the BN doped tetracene, chrysene and triphenylene and their complexes are studied. Stability of the complexes, measured in terms of stabilization energies (SEs) advocate in favour of stability of the complexes in both gas and solvent phases (10.37‐19.09 kcal mol‐1). Effect of BN doping on the stability of the complexes is also scrutinized with respect to its position and number. Studies also confirmed the prominent role of dispersive interaction in stabilizing the complexes. Thermochemical analysis reveals the exothermic nature and spontaneity of the complexation process. TD‐DFT (time dependent density functional theory) study showed significant red shift in the absorption spectra upon complexation.
Threshold Voltage Control of Multilayered MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistors via Octadecyltrichlorosilane and their Applications to Active Matrixed Quantum Dot Displays Driven by Enhancement‐Mode Logic Gates
Authors: Roh Jeongkyun , Ryu Jae Hyeon , Baek Geun Woo , Jung Heeyoung , Seo Seung Gi , An Kunsik , Jeong Byeong Guk , Lee Doh C. , Hong Byung Hee , Bae Wan Ki , Lee Jong‐Ho , Lee Changhee , Jin Sung Hun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn recent past, for next‐generation device opportunities such as sub‐10 nm channel field‐effect transistors (FETs), tunneling FETs, and high‐end display backplanes, tremendous research on multilayered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) among transition metal dichalcogenides has been actively performed. However, nonavailability on a matured threshold voltage control scheme, like a substitutional doping in Si technology, has been plagued for the prosperity of 2D materials in electronics. Herein, an adjustment scheme for threshold voltage of MoS2 FETs by using self‐assembled monolayer treatment via octadecyltrichlorosilane is proposed and demonstrated to show MoS2 FETs in an enhancement mode with preservation of electrical parameters such as field‐effect mobility, subthreshold swing, and current on–off ratio. Furthermore, the mechanisms for threshold voltage adjustment are systematically studied by using atomic force microscopy, Raman, temperature‐dependent electrical characterization, etc. For validation of effects of threshold voltage engineering on MoS2 FETs, full swing inverters, comprising enhancement mode drivers and depletion mode loads are perfectly demonstrated with a maximum gain of 18.2 and a noise margin of ≈45% of 1/2 VDD. More impressively, quantum dot light‐emitting diodes, driven by enhancement mode MoS2 FETs, stably demonstrate 120 cd m−2 at the gate‐to‐source voltage of 5 V, exhibiting promising opportunities for future display application.
Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution from a Mesoporous Hybrid of Nickel Phosphide Nanoparticles Anchored on Cobalt Phosphosulfide/Phosphide Nanosheet Arrays
Authors: Sun Jingying , Ren Muqing , Yu Luo , Yang Ze , Xie Lixin , Tian Fei , Yu Ying , Ren Zhifeng , Chen Shuo , Zhou Haiqing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFacile design of low‐cost and high‐efficiency catalysts with earth‐abundant and cheap materials is desirable to replace platinum (Pt) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water splitting, but the development of such HER catalysts with Pt‐like activity using simple strategies remains challenging. A mesoporous hybrid catalyst of nickel phosphides nanoparticles and cobalt phosphosulfide/phosphide (CoS|Ni|P) nanosheet arrays for HER is reported here, which is developed by a facile three‐step approach consisting of electrodeposition, thermal sulfurization, and phosphorization. This hybrid catalyst is highly robust and stable in acid for HER, and is distinguished by very low overpotentials of 41, 88, and 150 mV to achieve 10, 100, and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively, as well as a small Tafel slope (45.2 mV dec−1), and a large exchange current density (964 µA cm−2). It is among the most efficient earth‐abundant catalysts reported thus far for HER. More importantly, this electrocatalyst has electrochemical durability over 20 h under a wide range of current densities (up to 1 A cm−2) in acidic conditions, as well as very high turnover frequencies of 0.40 and 1.26 H2 s−1 at overpotentials of 75 and 100 mV, respectively, showing that it has great potential for practical applications in large‐scale water electrolysis.
Electrochemical Fabrication of Porous Au Film on Ni Foam for Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Wang Hongjing , Yu Hongjie , Wang Ziqiang , Li Yinghao , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Xue Hairong , Wang Liang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of N2 to NH3 provides an alternative strategy to replace the industrial Haber–Bosch process for facile and sustainable production of NH3. The development of efficient electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is highly desired. Herein, a micelle‐assisted electrodeposition method is presented for the direct fabrication of porous Au film on Ni foam (pAu/NF). Benefiting from its interconnected porous architectonics, the pAu/NF exhibits superior NRR performance with a high NH3 yield rate of 9.42 µg h−1 cm−2 and a superior Faradaic efficiency of 13.36% at −0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode under the neutral electrolyte (0.1 m Na2SO4). The proposed micelle‐assisted electrodeposition strategy is highly valuable for future design of active NRR catalysts with desired compositions toward various electrocatalysis fields.
Branched‐Tail Lipid Nanoparticles Potently Deliver mRNA In Vivo due to Enhanced Ionization at Endosomal pH
Authors: Hajj Khalid A. , Ball Rebecca L. , Deluty Sarah B. , Singh Shridhar R. , Strelkova Daria , Knapp Christopher M. , Whitehead Kathryn A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe potential of mRNA therapeutics will be realized only once safe and effective delivery systems are established. Unfortunately, delivery vehicle development is stymied by an inadequate understanding of how the molecular properties of a vehicle confer efficacy. Here, a small library of lipidoid materials is used to elucidate structure–function relationships and identify a previously unappreciated parameter—lipid nanoparticle surface ionization—that correlates with mRNA delivery efficacy. The two most potent materials of the library, 306O10 and 306Oi10, induce substantial luciferase expression in mice following a single 0.75 mg kg−1 mRNA dose. These lipidoids, which have ten‐carbon tails and identical molecular weights, vary only in that the 306O10 tail is straight and the 306Oi10 tail has a one‐carbon branch. Remarkably, this small difference in structure conferred a tenfold improvement in 306Oi10 efficacy. The enhanced potency of this branched‐tail lipidoid is attributed to its strong surface ionization at the late endosomal pH of 5.0. A secondary lipidoid library confirms that Oi10 materials ionize more strongly and deliver mRNA more potently than lipidoids containing linear tails. Together, these data highlight the exquisite control that lipid chemistry exerts on the mRNA delivery process and show that branched‐tail lipids facilitate protein expression in animals.
Evolution stages of aircraft manufacturing firms
Authors: Reis Anabela , Siddiqi Afreen , de Weck Olivier 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAeronautics is one of the highest value‐adding industrial sectors in an economy, and many regions have sought to develop aeronautics industries for economic diversification. Aircraft production, however, is complex and capital‐intensive, and efforts to establish aircraft manufacturing firms have led to mixed results. Here, we present a study of development of six international aeronautical manufacturing firms, across four continents, using a mixed‐method approach. Using empirical quantitative data and results from 103 semistructured interviews with senior executives and policy makers, we identify a set of discrete stages: inception, base production, competitive growth, inventive development, and maturity that characterize the evolution pathways of aeronautics firms. We find that firms do not necessarily follow a linear development path, and they can jump and skip stages or may regress back to earlier stages under financial or other pressures. We find that aeronautics firms are more likely to reach a self‐sustaining maturity stage once they establish independent contracts with multiple partners and are able to develop their own technologies. The results indicate that firms should establish strategies to acquire independent contracts through competitive bidding and should plan for achieving innovation capabilities early on as this is crucial for their long‐term viability.
Effective Application of Microwave Resonant Cavity System to Flow Chemistry
Authors: Odajima Hiromichi , Okamoto Tadashi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBy applying advanced telecommunication solid state devices to microwave (MW) resonant cavity system for flow chemistry, it becomes possible to heat up low polarity solvents higher than 250 C, that are considered impossible to heat up by MW until now. The resonant cavity system is opening new process windows to production processes of specialty chemicals which require low cost, high yield and high productivity.
Synthesis of composite snail shell‐rice husk adsorbent for brilliant green dye uptake from aqueous solution: Optimization and characterization
Authors: Popoola Lekan Taofeek , Aderibigbe Tajudeen Adejare , Yusuff Adeyinka Sikiru 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe optimum preparation conditions for composite snail shell‐rice husk (SS‐RH) adsorbent that gives the optimum brilliant green dye (BGD) uptake has been found at a calcination temperature of 681.10°C, a calcination time of 2.61 hours, and a mixing ratio of 2.61 snail shell‐rice husk, leading to a 97.78% BGD uptake using Central Composite Design. The SS‐RH adsorbent characterization was executed before and after adsorption using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The SEM image before adsorption showed a highly porous, uniform matrix formation with wide cavities resulting from favorable preparation by calcination at optimum conditions, whereas the image revealed complete adsorption of the BGD onto the vacant pores of the calcined SS‐RH after adsorption. EDS analysis revealed formation of active metal oxides on the surface of the composite SS‐RH was enhanced by the calcination process before adsorption, while changes in their weight percent were noticed after adsorption, showing the influence of the active metal oxides on the process. FTIR revealed the existence of functional groups on the SS‐RH surface, which can interact with the BGD molecules to enhance effective adsorption and cause a shift in the values of the wavenumbers of broad peaks before and after adsorption, respectively. In conclusion, the results obtained have proven SS‐RH to be a valuable composite adsorbent for BGD adsorption.
Artificially low mild cognitive impairment to normal reversion rate in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Authors: Thomas Kelsey R. , Eppig Joel S. , Weigand Alexandra J. , Edmonds Emily C. , Wong Christina G. , Jak Amy J. , Delano‐Wood Lisa , Galasko Douglas R. , Salmon David P. , Edland Steven D. , Bondi Mark W. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe examined reasons for low mild cognitive impairment (MCI)‐to‐cognitively normal (CN) reversion rates in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).MethodsCN and MCI participants were identified as remaining stable, progressing, or reverting at 1‐year of follow‐up (Year 1). Application of ADNI's MCI criteria at Year 1 in addition to Alzheimer's disease biomarkers by group were examined.ResultsThe MCI‐to‐CN reversion rate was 3.0%. When specific components were examined, 22.5% of stable MCI participants had normal memory performance at Year 1 and their Alzheimer's disease biomarkers were consistent with the stable CN group. At Year 1, when all MCI criteria were not met, the more subjective Clinical Dementia Rating rather than objective memory measure appeared to drive continuation of the MCI diagnosis.DiscussionResults demonstrate an artificially low 1‐year MCI‐to‐CN reversion rate in ADNI‐diagnosed participants. If the Logical Memory cutoffs had been consistently applied, the reversion rate would have been at least 21.8%.