bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for inflation in an axion landscape
Authors: Nath Pran , Piskunov Maksim 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe discuss inflation models within supersymmetry and supergravity frameworks with a landscape of chiral superfields and one U(1) shift symmetry which is broken by non-perturbative symmetry breaking terms in the superpotential. We label the pseudo scalar component of the chiral fields axions and their real parts saxions. Thus in the models only one combination of axions will be a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone-boson which will act as the inflaton. The proposed models constitute consistent inflation for the following reasons: the inflation potential arises dynamically with stabilized saxions, the axion decay constant can lie in the sub-Planckian region, and consistency with the Planck data is achieved. The axion landscape consisting ofmaxion pairs is assumed with the axions in each pair having opposite charges. A fast roll-slow roll splitting mechanism for the axion potential is proposed which is realized with a special choice of the axion basis. In this basis the 2mcoupled equations split into 2m− 1 equations which enter in the fast roll and there is one unique linear combination of the 2mfields which controls the slow roll and thus the power spectrum of curvature and tensor perturbations. It is shown that a significant part of the parameter space exists where inflation is successful, i.e.,Npivot= [50, 60], the spectral indexnsof curvature perturbations, and the ratiorof the power spectrum of tensor perturbations and curvature perturbations, lie in the experimentally allowed regions given by the Planck experiment. Further, it is shown that the model allows for a significant region of the parameter space where the effective axion decay constant can lie in the sub-Planckian domain. An analysis of the tensor spectral indexntis also given and the future experimental data which constraintsntwill further narrow down the parameter space of the proposed inflationary models. Topics of further interest include implications of the model for gravitational waves and non-Gaussianities in the curvature perturbations. Also of interest is embedding of the model in strings which are expected to possess a large axionic landscape.
Influence of alliance portfolio diversity on innovation performance: the role of internal capabilities of value creation
Authors: Chung Doohee , Kim Marco Jinhwan , Kang Jina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this study, we suggest a new perspective on the linkage between alliance portfolio diversity and innovation performance based on a contingency approach. Using a longitudinal data set on alliance portfolios and patents of 182 firms in the U.S. manufacturing industries, we examined that alliance portfolio diversity has a U-shaped relationship with firm-level innovation. Internal value creation capabilities in terms of routine and ability are found to moderate the relationship between alliance portfolio diversity and innovation performance: organizational search routine strengthens the relationship of alliance portfolio diversity and innovation performance while technological capabilities weaken and flip the relationship.
Ameliorative role of nano-ceria against amine coated Ag-NP induced toxicity in Labeo rohita
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saleem , Qureshi Naureen Aziz , Jabeen Farhat 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and its byproducts can spread pollution in aquatic habitat. Liver and gills are key target for toxicity. Oxidative stress, tissue alterations, and hemotoxicity are assumed to be associated with Ag-NPs in target animals. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nano-ceria) show antioxidant potential in scavenging the free radicals generated in Ag-NP-induced oxidative stress. We determined ameliorated role of nano-ceria against Ag-NP-induced toxicity in fresh water Labeo rohita (L. rohita). Four groups were used in study including control, nano-ceria, Ag-NPs, and Ag-NPs + nano-ceria. Ag-NPs (30 mg l−1) and nano-ceria (50 µg kg−1) were given through water and prepared feed, respectively. The samples were taken after 28 days. Results demonstrated that pre-treatment of nano-ceria recovered L. rohita from Ag-NP-induced toxicity and oxidative stress. Nano-ceria pre-treatment actively mimics the activity of GST, GSH, CAT, and SOD. Furthermore, Ag-NPs’ treatment caused severe inflammation and necrosis in hepatic parenchyma which leaded to congestion of blood in hepatic tissues. Accumulation of a yellow pigment in hepatic tissue was also seen due to necrosis of affected cells. In nano-ceria pre-treatment, there was no congestion in hepatic tissue. Vacuolization of cells and necrosis in some area was recorded in nano-ceria pre-treated group, but the gill and hepatic tissue showed improvement against Ag-NP-induced damage. Nano-ceria pre-treatment also improved hematological parameters in Ag-NP-treated fish. This study concluded that Ag-NP-induced toxicity in treated fish and pre-treatment of nano-ceria show ameliorative role.
Showing ‘heart’ while making money: negotiating proximity in a Ugandan marketplace
Authors: Monteith William 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAfrican marketplaces have long been understood as ambivalent spaces; as sites of compliance and transgression, domination and resistance. This ambivalence comes into sharp focus in the urban marketplaces that have absorbed a large proportion of the African workforce over the past four decades. One the one hand, urban markets offer opportunities for the forging of new relationships, or ‘fictive kin’, beyond the confines of consanguinity and affinity. However, on the other hand, they are fiercely competitive places in which strangers skilfully intrude into one's life. Succeeding in the market therefore requires the striking of a skilful balance between accumulation and redistribution, disclosure and concealment. This article presents an analysis of the everyday interactions and exchanges facilitated by the movements of a waste picker in Nakasero market, the oldest marketplace in Kampala, Uganda. Amid the current emphasis on improvization and provisionality as key features of urban African life, it demonstrates the importance of long-standing cultural idioms, such asomutima(‘heart’), in providing structure and meaning to the interactions of urban African inhabitants.
Dangerous neighbours: sorcery, conspicuous exchange and proximity among urban migrants in northern Mozambique
Authors: Laheij Christian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUrban migrants in Nampula City, northern Mozambique, perceive themselves to be living in an environment where they are particularly vulnerable to sorcery attacks. Key to this sense of vulnerability are Makhuwa notions of matrilineal descent and relatedness, which work to locate sorcery fears in the interstices of two kinds of proximity, namely social and physical. Accordingly, people fear the translocal reach of the ill will of kin residing in the countryside, with whose well-being they remain connected regardless of the physical distance. Simultaneously, there are threats posed by urban neighbours who, due to their proximity in physical terms but separation in social terms, are considered dangerous. This article analyses practices of conspicuous exchange as one of the strategies urban migrants employ in coping with these anxieties. Specifically, it draws on the life histories of two women in one neighbourhood of Nampula City to explore the challenges they experience in meeting demands for material assistance from rural kin and urban neighbours. The analysis shows that their accounts of sorcery are structured by the difficulty of balancing such demands in a setting of poverty and socio-economic inequality. This finding has implications for anthropological theories of sorcery, misfortune and urban migration.
Serum metabolomics study of nutrient metabolic variations in chronic heat-stressed broilers
Authors: Lu Zhuang , He Xiaofang , Ma Bingbing , Zhang Lin , Li Jiaolong , Jiang Yun , Zhou Guanghong , Gao Feng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo investigate the effects of heat stress on broiler metabolism, we assigned 144 broilers to normal control (NC), heat stress (HS) or pair-fed (PF) groups and then monitored the effects using growth performance, carcass characteristics, biochemical assays and GC-MS-based metabolomics. The up-regulation of cloacal temperature confirmed that our experiment was successful in inducing chronic heat stress. The average daily gain and average daily feed intake of the HS group were significantly lower than those of the NC group, by 28·76 and 18·42 %, respectively (P<0·001), whereas the feed:gain ratio was significantly higher, by 14·49 % (P=0·003), and heat stress also increased leg proportion (P=0·027) and intramuscular fat proportion (P<0·001) and decreased breast proportion (P=0·009). When comparing the HS and NC groups and HS and PF groups, our metabolomics approach identified seventy-eight and thirty-four metabolites, respectively, with significantly different levels (variable importance in the projection values >1 andP<0·05). The greater feed:gain ratio of the HS group was significantly positively correlated with the leg, abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat and intramuscular fat proportions and levels of some free amino acids (proline,l-cysteine, methionine and threonine) but was negatively correlated with breast proportion and levels of some NEFA (stearic acid, arachidonic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid). These findings indicated that the heat-stressed broilers were in negative energy balance and unable to effectively mobilise fat, thereby resulting in protein decomposition, which subsequently affected growth performance and carcass characteristics.
Near-infrared and mid-infrared semiconductor broadband light emitters
Authors: Hou Chun-Cai , Chen Hong-Mei , Zhang Jin-Chuan , Zhuo Ning , Huang Yuan-Qing , Hogg Richard A , Childs David TD , Ning Ji-Qiang , Wang Zhan-Guo , Liu Feng-Qi , Zhang Zi-Yang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSemiconductor broadband light emitters have emerged as ideal and vital light sources for a range of biomedical sensing/imaging applications, especially for optical coherence tomography systems. Although near-infrared broadband light emitters have found increasingly wide utilization in these imaging applications, the requirement to simultaneously achieve both a high spectral bandwidth and output power is still challenging for such devices. Owing to the relatively weak amplified spontaneous emission, as a consequence of the very short non-radiative carrier lifetime of the inter-subband transitions in quantum cascade structures, it is even more challenging to obtain desirable mid-infrared broadband light emitters. There have been great efforts in the past 20 years to pursue high-efficiency broadband optical gain and very low reflectivity in waveguide structures, which are two key factors determining the performance of broadband light emitters. Here we describe the realization of a high continuous wave light power of >20 mW and broadband width of >130 nm with near-infrared broadband light emitters and the first mid-infrared broadband light emitters operating under continuous wave mode at room temperature by employing a modulation p-doped InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot active region with a ‘J’-shape ridge waveguide structure and a quantum cascade active region with a dual-end analogous monolithic integrated tapered waveguide structure, respectively. This work is of great importance to improve the performance of existing near-infrared optical coherence tomography systems and describes a major advance toward reliable and cost-effective mid-infrared imaging and sensing systems, which do not presently exist due to the lack of appropriate low-coherence mid-infrared semiconductor broadband light sources.
Ocean convection linked to the recent ice edge retreat along east Greenland
Authors: Våge Kjetil , Papritz Lukas , Håvik Lisbeth , Spall Michael A. , Moore G. W. K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWarm subtropical-origin Atlantic water flows northward across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge into the Nordic Seas, where it relinquishes heat to the atmosphere and gradually transforms into dense Atlantic-origin water. Returning southward along east Greenland, this water mass is situated beneath a layer of cold, fresh surface water and sea ice. Here we show, using measurements from autonomous ocean gliders, that the Atlantic-origin water was re-ventilated while transiting the western Iceland Sea during winter. This re-ventilation is a recent phenomenon made possible by the retreat of the ice edge toward Greenland. The fresh surface layer that characterises this region in summer is diverted onto the Greenland shelf by enhanced onshore Ekman transport induced by stronger northerly winds in fall and winter. Severe heat loss from the ocean offshore of the ice edge subsequently triggers convection, which further transforms the Atlantic-origin water. This re-ventilation is a counterintuitive occurrence in a warming climate, and highlights the difficulties inherent in predicting the behaviour of the complex coupled climate system.
Chemical tunnel-splitting-engineering in a dysprosium-based molecular nanomagnet
Authors: Sørensen Mikkel A. , Hansen Ursula B. , Perfetti Mauro , Pedersen Kasper S. , Bartolomé Elena , Simeoni Giovanna G. , Mutka Hannu , Rols Stéphane , Jeong Minki , Zivkovic Ivica , Retuerto Maria , Arauzo Ana , Bartolomé Juan , Piligkos Stergios , Weihe Høgni , Doerrer Linda H. , van Slageren Joris , Rønnow Henrik M. , Lefmann Kim , Bendix Jesper 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTotal control over the electronic spin relaxation in molecular nanomagnets is the ultimate goal in the design of new molecules with evermore realizable applications in spin-based devices. For single-ion lanthanide systems, with strong spin–orbit coupling, the potential applications are linked to the energetic structure of the crystal field levels and quantum tunneling within the ground state. Structural engineering of the timescale of these tunneling events via appropriate design of crystal fields represents a fundamental challenge for the synthetic chemist, since tunnel splittings are expected to be suppressed by crystal field environments with sufficiently high-order symmetry. Here, we report the long missing study of the effect of a non-linear (C4) to pseudo-linear (D4d) change in crystal field symmetry in an otherwise chemically unaltered dysprosium complex. From a purely experimental study of crystal field levels and electronic spin dynamics at milliKelvin temperatures, we demonstrate the ensuing threefold reduction of the tunnel splitting.
Three-lobed near-infrared Stokes V profiles in the quiet Sun
Authors: Kiess Christoph , Borrero Juan Manuel , Schmidt Wolgang 
Published: March 2018

Context. The 1.5-m GREGOR solar telescope can resolve structures as small as 0.4′′ at near-infrared wavelengths on the Sun. At this spatial resolution the polarized solar spectrum shows complex patterns, such as large horizontal and/or vertical variations of the physical parameters in the solar photosphere.
Aims. We investigate a region of the quiet solar photosphere exhibiting three-lobed Stokes V profiles in the Fe I spectral line at 15 648 Å. The data were acquired with the GRIS spectropolarimeter attached to the GREGOR telescope. We aim at investigating the thermal, kinematic and magnetic properties of the atmosphere responsible for these measured complex signals.
Methods. The SIR inversion code is employed to retrieve the physical parameters of the lower solar photosphere from the observed polarization signals. We follow two different approaches. On the one hand, we consider that the multi-lobe circular polarization signals are only produced by the line-of-sight variation of the physical parameters. We therefore invert the data assuming a single atmospheric component that occupies the entire resolution element in the horizontal plane and where the physical parameters vary with optical depth τ (i.e., line-of-sight). On the other hand, we consider that the multi-lobe circular polarization signals are produced not by the optical depth variations of the physical parameters but instead by their horizontal variations. Here we invert the data assuming that the resolution element is occupied by two different atmospheric components where the kinematic and magnetic properties are constant along the line-of-sight.
Results. Both approaches reveal some common features about the topology responsible for the observed three-lobed Stokes V signals: both a strong (>1000 Gauss) and a very weak (<10 Gauss) magnetic field with opposite polarities and harboring flows directed in opposite directions must co-exist (either vertically or horizontally interlaced) within the resolution element.
Conclusions.
Was macht den Einzelnen aus?
Authors: Vater Ingmar 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Das Adaptionsmodell nach Roy Sein Gegenüber ganzheitlich zu verstehen, ist eine wichtige Grundlage pflegerischer Arbeit 1.
Hier erfahren Sie, wie Sie mithilfe des Adaptionsmodells Krisensituationen im Krankheits- und Lebensverlauf Ihrer Patienten nachvollziehen können, um
individuelle Bewältigungsstrategien zu erarbeiten.
Vom traumatisierten Kind zur anerkannten Künstlerin
Authors: Schulz Heike , Weiße Dagmar 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Interview Um ein Kriegstrauma zu bewältigen, kommunizierte die Malerin Hildegard Wohlgemuth (1933 bis 2003) seit ihrer frühesten Jugend mit Stimmen, die
sie in ihrem Inneren hörte. Im Gespräch mit der PPH erläutert die Psychotherapeutin Dr. Heike Schulz vom Wohlgemuth-Archiv Bayreuth, welche Bedeutung die
Stimmen für Hildegard Wohlgemuth hatten und wie die Malerei zu einer wichtigen Ressource in ihrem Leben wurde.
Development and validation of the SIMPLE endoscopic classification of diminutive and small colorectal polyps
Authors: Iacucci Marietta , Trovato Cristina , Daperno Marco , Akinola Oluseyi , Greenwald David , Gross Seth , Hoffman Arthur , Lee Jeffrey , Lethebe Brendan , Lowerison Mark , Nayor Jennifer , Neumann Helmut , Rath Timo , Sanduleanu Silvia , Sharma Prateek , Kiesslich Ralf , Ghosh Subrata , Saltzman John ,   and the SIMPLE classification investigator team
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background Prediction of histology of small polyps facilitates colonoscopic treatment. The aims of this study were: 1) to develop a simplified polyp classification, 2) to evaluate its performance in predicting polyp histology, and 3) to evaluate the reproducibility of the classification by trainees using multiplatform endoscopic systems.
Methods In phase 1, a new simplified endoscopic classification for polyps – Simplified Identification Method for Polyp Labeling during Endoscopy (SIMPLE) – was created, using the new I-SCAN OE system (Pentax, Tokyo, Japan), by eight international experts. In phase 2, the accuracy, level of confidence, and interobserver agreement to predict polyp histology before and after training, and univariable/multivariable analysis of the endoscopic features, were performed. In phase 3, the reproducibility of SIMPLE by trainees using different endoscopy platforms was evaluated.
Results Using the SIMPLE classification, the accuracy of experts in predicting polyps was 83 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 77 % – 88 %) before and 94 % (95 %CI 89 % – 97 %) after training (P  = 0.002). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value after training were 97 %, 88 %, 95 %, and 91 %. The interobserver agreement of polyp diagnosis improved from 0.46 (95 %CI 0.30 – 0.64) before to 0.66 (95 %CI 0.48 – 0.82) after training. The trainees demonstrated that the SIMPLE classification is applicable across endoscopy platforms, with similar post-training accuracies for narrow-band imaging NBI classification (0.69; 95 %CI 0.64 – 0.73) and SIMPLE (0.71; 95 %CI 0.67 – 0.75).
Conclusions Using the I-SCAN OE system, the new SIMPLE classification demonstrated a high degree of accuracy for adenoma diagnosis, meeting the ASGE PIVI recommendations. We demonstrated that SIMPLE may be used with either I-SCAN OE or NBI.
Entwicklung und Validierung des Essener Transidentität Lebensqualitäts-Inventars anhand einer Stichprobe von Mann-zu-Frau transidenten
Personen
Authors: Tagay Sefik , Breidenstein Anja , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Rübben Herbert , Teufel Martin , Hess Jochen 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Die spezifische Lebensqualität (LQ) transidenter Menschen ist bislang unzureichend untersucht worden, zudem existiert bislang kein
Messverfahren zur Erfassung der transidentitätsspezifischen LQ.
Forschungsziele: Ziel der Studie war es, das Essener Transidentität Lebensqualitäts-Inventar (ETLI), bestehend aus 30 Items, zu entwickeln und zu
validieren.
Methoden: Bei 158 Mann-zu-Frau (MzF) transidenten Personen wurden neben dem ETLI Instrumente zur Erfassung von LQ, sozialer Unterstützung, individueller
Ressourcen und psychischer Belastung eingesetzt. Es wurde eine explorative Faktorenanalyse durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse: Mittels der explorativen Faktorenanalyse wurden die vier Dimensionen psychische, körperliche und soziale LQ sowie LQ durch Offenheit
identifiziert. Die Subskalen zeigten eine gute Reliabilität mit Werten von Cronbachs α zwischen α = .75 und α = .89, die Gesamtreliabilität betrug α = .89.
Positive Korrelationen des ETLI mit generischer LQ und Ressourcen sowie negative Korrelationen mit psychischer Belastung weisen auf eine sehr gute
Konstruktvalidität hin.
Schlussfolgerung: Das ETLI als Instrument zur Erfassung der transidentitätsspezifischen LQ stellt eine wichtige Ergänzung zu Messinstrumenten der
generischen LQ dar. Es kann im Forschungs- und Versorgungskontext sowie bei der retrospektiven Evaluation von Veränderungen der LQ und bei der Therapieplanung
zum Einsatz kommen.
Schädliche Moralpolitik – das neue Prostituiertenschutzgesetz
Authors: Zimmermann-Schwartz Claudia 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Autorin hat in Nordrhein-Westfalen einen vom Kabinett 2010 eingesetzten Runden Tisch Prostitution geleitet. Ziel war insbesondere die Definition legislativen Handlungsbedarfs. Als zentraler Hinderungsgrund für eine Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen von Prostituierten wurde die gesellschaftliche Stigmatisierung identifiziert. Eine Fokussierung auf repressive Ansätze wurde abgelehnt. Dringlich seien Maßnahmen mit dem Ziel einer Professionalisierung der Tätigkeit von Menschen in der Prostitution, insbesondere freiwillige, auf die Zielgruppen zugeschnittene Beratungs- und Unterstützungsangebote. Obwohl das Gremium bundesweit Aufmerksamkeit erhielt, fanden die Ergebnisse nur wenig Niederschlag im Prostituiertenschutzgesetz, das zum 1. Juli 2017 in Kraft getreten ist. Anstelle der geforderten gesetzgeberischen Zurückhaltung wird durch eine umfassende Regulierung versucht, Prostitution unter Kontrolle zu bringen. Statt sich auf gewerberechtliche Regelungen zur Konzessionierung von Bordellen und bordellähnlichen Betrieben zu beschränken, wird für Prostituierte völlig neues Recht geschaffen, das ihnen einzigartige und mit Bußgeld bewehrte Pflichten auferlegt. Sie sind geeignet, das vorhandene Stigma zu verstärken, anstatt es abzubauen. Das Gesetz erweist sich nach Auffassung der Autorin als ein Beispiel für restriktive Moralpolitik und damit als Rückschlag.