bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A small single-domain protein folds through the same pathway on- and off- the ribosome
Authors: Guinn Emily J. , Tian Pengfei , Shin Mia , Best Robert B. , Marqusee Susan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn vivo, proteins fold and function in a complex environment where they are subject to many stresses that can modulate protein energy landscapes. One aspect of the environment pertinent to protein folding is the ribosome, since proteins have the opportunity to fold while still bound to the ribosome during translation. We use a combination of force and chemical denaturant (chemo-mechanical unfolding), as well as point mutations, to characterize the folding mechanism of the src SH3 domain both as a stalled ribosome nascent chain and free in solution. Our results indicate that src SH3 folds through the same pathway on and off the ribosome. Molecular simulations also indicate that the ribosome does not affect the folding pathway for this small protein. Taken together, we conclude that the ribosome does not alter the folding mechanism of this small protein, which appears to fold at the mouth of the ribosome as the protein emerges from the exit tunnel. These results, if general, suggest the ribosome may exert a bigger influence on the folding of multi-domain proteins or protein domains that can partially fold before the entire domain sequence is outside the ribosome exit tunnel.
Genome-wide analysis of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications throughout the mouse urogenital ridge at E11.5
Authors: Yang Yisheng , Wilson Megan J 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn mammals, the adrenal gland, testis and ovary arise from a common progenitor tissue known as the urogenital ridge (UGR). This small population of cells will adopt a number of different cell fates following sex determination, including forming the precursors of somatic cells (such as Sertoli and granulosa cells) and steroidogenic cells. In addition, this tissues also contains the Wolffian and Müllerian ducts that later form components of the reproductive tracts. A potential mechanism to maintain developmental plasticity of the UGR until gonad formation is through the epigenetic modification of histone proteins.In order to provide a resource for future studies, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) for two histone modifications, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, in the E11.5 mouse UGR. These marks are both known to reflect the active, repressive or a poised chromatin state. We found that enrichment for each histone mark reflected transcriptional activity in precursor cells of the developing gonad. From the analysis of potential enhancer/regulator peak regions for DNA binding motifs, we identified several candidate transcription factors that may contribute to gonadal cell lineage specification. We additionally identified signaling pathway genes that are targeted by both chromatin modifications. Together, these datasets provide a useful resource for investigating gene regulatory networks functioning during UGR development at E11.5.
Cell-Type Selective Markers Represented in Whole-Kidney RNA-Seq Data
Authors: Clark Jevin Z. , Chen Lihe , Chou Chung-Lin , Jung Hyun Jun , Lee Jae Wook , Knepper Mark A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBulk-tissue RNA-Seq is seeing increasing use in the study of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the kidney. However, the presence of multiple cell types in kidney complicates the data interpretation. Here we address the question, “What cell types are represented in whole-kidney RNA-Seq data?” to identify circumstances in which bulk-kidney RNA-Seq can be successfully interpreted. We carried out RNA-Seq in mouse whole kidneys and microdissected renal tubule segments. To aid in the interpretation of the data, we compiled a database of cell-type selective protein markers for 43 cell types believed to be present in kidney tissue. The whole-kidney RNA-Seq analysis identified transcripts corresponding to 17742 genes, distributed over 5 orders of magnitude of expression level. Markers for all 43 curated cell types were detectable. Analysis of the cellular makeup of mouse and rat kidney, calculated from published literature, suggests that proximal tubule cells account for more than half of the mRNA in a kidney. Comparison of RNA-Seq data from microdissected proximal tubules with whole-kidney data supports this view. RNA-Seq data for cell-type selective markers in bulk-kidney samples provide a valid means to identify changes in minority-cell abundances in kidney tissue. Because proximal tubules make up a substantial fraction of whole-kidney samples, changes in proximal tubule gene expression can be assessed presumptively by bulk-kidney RNA-Seq, although results could potentially be obscured by the presence of mRNA from other cell types. The dominance of proximal tubule cells in whole-kidney samples also has implications for the interpretation of single-cell RNA-Seq data.
A “catch-22”: self-inflicted failure of GCC nationalization policies
Authors: Alfarhan Usamah F. , Al-Busaidi Samir 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain prevalent earnings differentials in Gulf Cooperation Council’s (GCC’s) private sectors between skilled local and migrant labor and provide estimates of potential price distortions to underlie future market-based corrective policies that increase participation of locals in private employment.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses an individual-level data set on workers’ earnings and productivity-related characteristics to decompose estimated earnings differentials at the mean level and at various percentiles of the earnings distribution via well-established decomposition approaches.FindingsResults show that the real earnings differential between locals and Asians decreases at higher earnings, while that between locals and non-GCC Arabs are relatively stable. Both are characterized by overpayment of locals, that is, self-inflicted by current nationalization policies. Higher earnings of Westerners are due to their superior productivity-related characteristics.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the lack of official individual-level data on workers’ productivity-related characteristics, this paper is compelled to utilize an open-source primary data set. Despite the data set’s ability to reproduce officially published aggregates and produce sound econometric results, findings are not entirely proof against sampling bias.Practical implicationsThe paper demonstrates that the failure of GCC’s nationalization policies is self-inflicted by the current quota system and by the lack of legislative frameworks that ensure equal pay for equal work. Effective nationalization ought to be market based, rather than by fiat.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to analyze GCC’s private earnings differentials at the individual level and provides micro-econometric evidence on existing price distortions.
Bullying and an unfavourable working environment
Authors: Meriläinen Matti , Kõiv Kristi 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to reveal the relationship between perceived bullying and the features of a favourable working environment; and second, to indicate bullying factors that especially worsen the working environment and working environment factors that contribute to the bullying experiences.Design/methodology/approachIn Spring 2014, 864 staff members—including teachers, researchers, administrators, project workers and service staff—from nine Estonian universities answered an e-mail questionnaire.FindingsIt was revealed that “professional understating”, “unreasonable work-related demands” and “work-related malpractice” are forms of bullying that negatively affect the working atmosphere. “Appreciation”, “vertical trust”, “predictability” and “quality of leadership” are working environment factors that contribute to the experiences of bullying. Experiences of “professional understating” seem to reduce feelings related to all features of a favourable working atmosphere. A lack of “appreciation” appears to be a key environment feature that also plays a role in workplace bullying.Research limitations/implicationsIn Estonian universities, first, “professional understating” negatively affects the feelings of “appreciation”; in contrast, a lack of “appreciation” contributes to feelings of “professional understating”. Second, “unreasonable work-related demands” is a sign of a shortage of “vertical trust” and the opposite of “trust” between management and employees, which obviously decreases perceived “workload”. The present results can be applied in at least three contexts: cultural and institutional studies, leadership practices and personal work control.Originality/valueThe detailed examination showed that it is possible to reveal certain bullying factors that specifically affect certain environment factors and find out particular working environment features that contribute specifically to certain kinds of bullying.
Factors Associated With Patient Involvement in Emergency Care Decisions: A Secondary Analysis of the Chest Pain Choice Multicenter Randomized Trial
Authors: Probst Marc A. , Tschatscher Craig F. , Lohse Christine M. , Fernanda Bellolio M. , Hess Erik P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundShared decision making in the emergency department (ED) can increase patient engagement for patients presenting with chest pain. However, little is known regarding which factors are associated with actual patient involvement in decision making or patients’ desired involvement in emergency care decisions. We examined which factors were associated with patients’ actual and desired involvement in decision making among ED chest pain patients.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial of a shared decision‐making intervention in ED patients with low‐risk chest pain. We evaluated the degree to which patients were involved in decision making using the OPTION‐12 (observing patient involvement) scale and patients’ reported desire for involvement in decision making using the Control Preferences Scale (CPS). We measured the associations of patient factors with OPTION‐12 and CPS scores using multivariable regression.ResultsOf the 898 patients enrolled, mean (±SD) age was 51.5 (±11.4) years and 59% were female. Multivariable analysis revealed that only two factors were significantly associated with OPTION‐12 scores: study site and use of the decision aid. OPTION‐12 scores were 10.3 (standard error = 0.6) points higher for patients randomized to the decision aid compared to usual care (p < 0.001). Higher health literacy was associated with lower scores on the CPS, indicating greater desire for involvement (odds ratio = 0.91, p < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients’ reported desire for involvement in decision making was higher among those with higher health literacy. After study site and other potential confounding factors were adjusted for, only use of the decision aid was associated with observed patient involvement in decision making. As the science and practice of shared decision making in the ED moves toward implementation, high‐fidelity integration of the decision aid into the flow of care will be necessary to realize desired outcomes.
Benefits, Entitlements and Non‐Responsible Threats
Authors: Slavny Adam 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article offers an explanation for the proposed moral asymmetry between non‐responsible threats and innocent bystanders. Some argue that a non‐responsible threat – a person who threatens another through no fault or choice – is required to bear a greater burden to avert the threat than a bystander. I argue that previous attempts to explain this asymmetry are either incorrect or incomplete, since they either implausibly suggest that agents who do not benefit from their bodily resources, or whose bodily resources primarily benefit third parties, are liable to greater costs than a bystander, or fail to accommodate such cases. Instead, the asymmetry (when it exists) is explained either by virtue of the fact that the non‐responsible threat has a beneficiary status with respect to the threatening object, or possesses distribution‐limiting entitlements over the threatening object.
Elderly psoriatic patients under biological therapies: an Italian experience
Authors: Ricceri F. , Bardazzi F. , Chiricozzi A. , Dapavo P. , Ferrara F. , Mugheddu C. , Romanelli M. , Rongioletti F. , Prignano F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe number of elderly patients with psoriasis is steadily increasing in the Western world; nevertheless, they are frequently excluded from biological clinical trials and described as a high‐risk group for adverse events. Thus, there is lack of information concerning safety and effectiveness of available treatments for psoriasis in the elderly, particularly about new biological systemic drugs.ObjectiveOur aim was to describe our experience with all biological therapies currently used in the elderly (>65 years) psoriatic patients.MethodsA retrospective multicentric review of clinical records of all psoriatic patient aged 65 years or older actually receiving biological drugs (etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, golimumab, certolizumab pegol, ustekinumab or secukinumab) was undertaken.ResultsOur study population included 266 elderly psoriatic patients actually receiving any biological therapy (adalimumab 31.2%, ustekinumab 28.9%, etanercept 20.3%, secukinumab 15%, infliximab 3%, golimumab 1% and certolizumab pegol 0.6%). The PASI score at the baseline (week 0) ranged from 4 to 54; mean ± SD, 16.5 ± 7.1, which changed after biological administration to 3.7 ± 8 at week 16, 1.6 ± 2.1 at week 28 and 1.2 ± 2.1 at week 52. Among 266 elderly psoriatic patients, 25 adverse events were reported during the observation period. The most frequent events were infections with 12 (48%) reports, followed by malignancies with four (16%) reports.ConclusionsTo date, our study represents the widest experience on the use of biological drugs in elderly psoriatic patients. We found that all biologics for psoriasis showed a great efficacy also in elderly people, and the rate and the type of adverse effects were similar to the younger patients. In conclusion, the age alone should not limit our therapeutic options. Further observational study using multiple data sources is needed to evaluate long‐term effectiveness and safety for elderly psoriatic patients.
Interactions of Gender and Number Agreement: Evidence from Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian
Authors: Puškar Zorica 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSplit hybrid nounsin Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian display two sets of interesting properties: they can bear both natural and grammatical gender, and which gender participates in agreement depends on the number of the noun. While in the singular they invariably trigger natural‐gender (masculine) agreement, optionality between natural‐ and grammatical‐gender (feminine) agreement obtains in the plural. Such nouns pose two theoretical challenges: (i) Agree must be able to operate on two kinds of gender, and (ii) gender must be allowed to interact with number. Previous accounts propose complex mapping between semantic, syntactic, and class features but ultimately cannot derive the obligatoriness of natural‐gender agreement in the singular and natural–grammatical optionality in the plural in a unified way. I provide a Minimalist analysis of hybrid nouns’ agreement, combining the formal tools of feature hierarchies and relativized probing, which derive the obligatoriness of natural gender in the singular, with Cyclic Agree with different orders of Agree operations, which derives the natural–grammatical optionality as intervention effects.
Accuracy of glycosuria, random blood glucose and risk factors as selective screening tools for gestational diabetes mellitus in comparison with universal diagnosing
Authors: Agbozo Faith , Abubakari Abdulai , Narh Clement , Jahn Albrecht 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveDespite the short-term and long-term health implications of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), opinions are divided on selective vis-à-vis universal screening. We validated the accuracy of screening tests for GDM.Research design and methodsPregnant women (n=491) were recruited to this prospective, blind comparison with a gold standard study. We did selective screening between 13 and 20 weeks using reagent-strip glycosuria, random capillary blood glucose (RBG) and the presence of ≥1 risk factor(s). Between 20 and 34 weeks, we did universal screening following the ‘one-step’ approach using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting venous plasma glucose (FPG), and the 1-hour and the ‘gold standard’ 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Tests accuracy was estimated following the WHO and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) diagnostic criteria. Overall test performance was determined from the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsGDM prevalence per 2-hour OGTT was 9.0% for the WHO criteria and 14.3% for the NICE criteria. Selective screening using glycosuria, RBG and risk factors missed 97.4%, 87.2% and 45.7% of cases, respectively. FPG threshold ≥5.1 mmol/L had the highest clinically relevant sensitivity (68%) and specificity (81%), but FPG threshold ≥5.6 mmol/L had higher positive predictive value. Although sensitivity of 1-hour OGTT was 39.5%, it had the highest accuracy and diagnostic OR. Regarding test performance, 1-hour OGTT and FPG were very good (AUC>0.8), RBG was poor (AUC≈0.60), whereas HbA1c was invaluable (AUC<0.5).ConclusionsSelective screening using glycosuria and random blood glucose is unnecessary due to its low sensitivity. Fasting glucose ≥5.1 mmol/L could be applicable for screening at the population level. Where 2-hour OGTT is not available, FPG ≥5.6 mmol/L, complemented by the presence of risk factors, could be useful in making therapeutic decision.
Multiformity in the Song of Ḫedammu
Authors: Bachvarova Mary R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA new analysis of the narrative tradition of the Hurro-Hittite Song of Ḫedammu is presented, arguing that two separate Hittite versions can be reconstructed, one relatively condensed, the other more prolix. Such multiformity supports the postulation of an oral tradition lying behind the scribal production of Hurro-Hittite narrative song at Ḫattuša.
Current state of total artificial heart therapy and introduction of the most important total artificial heart systems
Authors: Spiliopoulos Sotirios , Hergesell Vera , Wasler Andrae , Dapunt Otto 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDue to the declining instances of organ donation, total artificial heart (TAH) therapy is of increasing importance for the management of end-stage biventricular heart failure. We introduce the currently most important established and novel TAH systems (SynCardia, CARMAT, ReinHeart, BiVACOR), report clinical outcomes and discuss technical requirements for the successful implementation of TAH therapy as an alternative to cardiac transplantation.
Closed classes of polynomials modulo p
2
Authors: Meshchaninov Dmitry G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We consider functions of p
2-valued logic (p is prime) that may be implemented by polynomials over the ring ℤ
p
2
, and describe all closed classes that contain linear functions. It turns out that the set of these classes is countable. We also construct the lattice of such classes with respect to inclusion.
Linearity in decimation-based generators: an improved cryptanalysis on the shrinking generator
Authors: Cardell Sara D. , Fúster-Sabater Amparo , Ranea Adrián H. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Decimation-based sequence generators are a class of non-linear cryptographic generators designed to be used in hardware implementations. An inherent characteristic of such generators is that their output sequences are interleaved sequences. This profitable characteristic can be used in the cryptanalysis of those generators. In this work, emphasis is on the most representative decimation-based generator, the shrinking generator, which has been cryptanalyzed just by solving linear equation systems. Compared with previous cryptanalysis, computational complexity and intercepted sequence requirements are dramatically reduced. Although irregularly decimated generators have been conceived and designed as non-linear sequence generators, in practice they can be easily analyzed in terms of simple linear structures.
Precise Measurement of Steep Residual Strain Gradients Using Neutron Diffraction in Strongly Absorbing Materials with Chemical Compositional Gradients
Authors: Wimpory Robert C. , Hofmann Michael , Akrivos Vasileios , Smith Mike C. , Pirling Thilo , Ohms Carsten 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A round robin benchmark weldment, denoted TG6, from the European Network on Neutron Techniques Standardization for Structural Integrity (NeT), offers the ability to test the technique of residual stress determination using neutron diffraction to an extreme. This test component comprises a 200 mm by 150 mm by 12 mm rectangular base plate made from Inconel 600 with three passes of Alloy 82 weld metal deposited in a slot of length 76 mm. This not only has large grain issues in the weld region but a large interplanar spacing variation caused by high strain gradients and a change in material composition. Because of the high absorption of neutrons in the Inconel 600 within the gauge volume, there is a large difference between the instrumental gauge volume IGV (which is the volume of space defined by the neutron beam paths through the defining apertures, taking into account properties of the beam) compared with the sampled gauge volume SGV (which is the intersection of the IGV with the sample that takes into account the absorption of the neutrons). The relative shift in position of the center of gravity of measurement (when the gauge volume is fully immersed in the sample) has been observed to be significant, for example, ∼0.3 mm, using 1 by 1 by 5 mm3 defining optics (where 5 mm is the gauge volume height) and increases approximately proportionally with larger gauge volumes dimensions in the horizontal plane. The magnitude of this shift depends upon many parameters. Measuring the sample and rotating 180° and measuring again, taking the average is another way one can eliminate this absorption effect. This novel approach is compared with three neutrons instruments on the same sample.
Nación y utopía en Cuadros de costumbres guatemaltecas, de José Milla (On Nation and Utopia in Cuadros de costumbres guatemaltecas, by José Milla)
Authors: Oliva Méndez María 
Published: June 2018

El artículo analiza el significado histórico y literario de los cuadros de costumbres del guatemalteco José Milla, en cuanto portadores de un proyecto político e ideológico en torno a la idea de nación. Agrupado el corpus en dos categorías (los que exponen los estereotipos masculinos y los que se ocupan de los femeninos), se describe como aspecto esencial un proyecto, desde el discurso literario, de homogenización de la sociedad guatemalteca. Entre otros aspectos, se destaca el binomio civilización/barbarie y otras oposiciones relacionadas. Se está ante la construcción de una idealización utópica de la sociedad guatemalteca a lo largo del siglo XIX. AbstractThe article analyzes the historical and literary meaning of the prose sketches on customs by the Guatemalan José Milla, written to portray a political and ideological proposal developed around the concept of nation. The corpus is divided into two categories of stereotypes (masculine and feminine). That project, concerning the homogenization of the Guatemalan society, is described through literary discourse, as an essential element. Emphasis is given to aspects such as the binomial civilization/barbarism and other related oppositions. This conveys the construction of the utopic idealization of Guatemalan society throughout the 19th century.