bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job stress, sense of coherence and work wellness in an electricity supply organisation
Authors: Rothmann S. , Steyn L. J. , Mostert K. 
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to test a causal model of work wellness for engineers, technicians and electricians in an electricity supply organisation. An ex post facto correlational design was used. The participants included 38 engineers, 86 technicians and 91 electricians in an electricity supply organisation. The Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the Job Stress Inventory and the Orientation to Life Questionnaire were administered. The results showed that job stress, because of job demands and a lack of support, leads to burnout. A strong sense of coherence mediated the relationship between job stress and work wellness (consisting of low burnout and high work engagement).The material described in this article is based upon work supported by the National Research Foundation under Grant number 2053344.
Management of Extremity Injuries by Residents: Can We improve Quality and Efficiency through a Simple Checklist?
Authors: Hamid Kamran S , Nwachukwu Benedict U , Dutta Sayon , Nicks Bret A , Carroll Eben A 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Variation in practice among resident physicians is a barrier to providing consistent, high-quality care to patients with musculoskeletal injuries.

Materials and methods
A multidisciplinary group at an academic center developed a checklist for managing suspected extremity injuries in adults. Simulation testing was conducted in which 17 Emergency Medicine residents were randomized by year of training into cohorts of 8 “checklist” residents and 9 “no checklist” residents. Each resident performed 2 case simulations and was evaluated based on adherence to 12 predefined critical process measures.

Results
Usage of the checklist resulted in a decrease in delay of care events (8.3 vs 27.3%, p < 0.01) and decrease in potential medical errors (5.7 vs 22.2%, p < 0.01). All levels of training demonstrated improvements, and first-year residents using the checklist performed significantly better than third-year residents without the checklist, demonstrating decrease in delay of care events (8.3 vs 26.4%, p < 0.05) and decrease in potential medical errors (5.6 vs 18.1%, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Implementation of a simple checklist can reduce delays in care and potential medical errors in the management of extremity injuries by resident physicians.
Hamid KS, Nwachukwu BU, Nicks BA, Dutta S, Carroll EA. Management of Extremity Injuries by Residents: Can We improve Quality and Efficiency through a Simple Checklist? The Duke Orthop J 2016;6(1):7-11.

IRB statement
This simulation was undertaken as part of an institutional quality improvement project and was granted Institutional Review Board exemption.
Unusual Location of a Second Mesiobuccal Canal in the Maxillary First Molar managed with the Aid of Cone-beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Velmurugan N , Randhya R , Sundar Sathish , Kowsky Dinesh , Arul Buvaneshwari 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe purpose of this article was to emphasize the importance of understanding root canal anatomy and its variations for successful endodontic treatment.MethodsThis case report presents the detection and endodontic management of eccentrically placed second mesiobuccal (MB) canal in maxillary first molar with the help of dental operating microscope and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning.ResultsCone-beam computed tomography images showed broad MB root with second MB canal located closer to palatal orifice.ConclusionThis report describes a variation in canal location and complex anatomy of maxillary first molar with posttreatment apical periodontitis which was managed successfully with the aid of dental operating microscope and CBCT.How to cite this articleRandhya R, Sundar S, Kowsky D, Velmurugan N, Arul B. Unusual Location of a Second Mesiobuccal Canal in the Maxillary First Molar managed with the Aid of Cone-beam Computed Tomography. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(1):35-38.
Current Trends in Irrigation Practice during Endodontic Treatment among Dental Practitioners in Nellore Urban Area: A Survey
Authors: Koppolu Madhusudhana , Paramesh Yelloji , Suneelkumar Chinni , Lavanya Anumula 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
The purpose of this study was to determine the current trends in irrigation practice among the practicing dentists in Nellore urban area of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Materials and methods
A self-prepared questionnaire comprising 20 questions was given to 150 dentists practicing in Nellore urban area. The information gathered was the individual irrigant selection, irrigant concentration, smear layer removal, and use of adjuncts to irrigation, gauge of needle, tip design of needle, depth of needle penetration, volume of the syringe used, volume of irrigant used, duration of irrigation, choice of irrigant in vital teeth, teeth with radiographic evidence of periapical lesion, and retreatment cases.

Results
Our data indicated that majority of respondents (55.6%) are using saline as primary irrigant at a concentration of 0.9% whereas 44.4% of respondents primarily use sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), with 51.4% of them using it at a concentration of 2.6 to 4%. Twenty-six gauge needle with single-beveled tip design being most preferred for syringe irrigation. Only 59.7% of respondents aimed to remove the smear layer during endodontic treatment with only 11.9% using an adjunct to irrigation.

Conclusion
Regardless of the critical nature of the irrigation step in the endodontic therapy, the results from the study were not satisfying, especially when it comes to the use of primary irrigant, adjuncts, or newer irrigating systems. Thus there is a need to regularly update and check the practices adopted by dental practitioners.

How to cite this article
Koppolu M, Paramesh Y, Suneelkumar C, Lavanya A. Current Trends in Irrigation Practice during Endodontic Treatment among Dental Practitioners in Nellore Urban Area: A Survey. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(2):47-55.
Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Four Toothpastes and Mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus: An in vivo Study
Authors: Sam Jonathan E , Benin Paulaian , Beaulah Ruth H , LNU Gnanaseelan , Krishna Lal , Raja Jacob 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundCariogenic microorganisms are the most important cause for occurrence of dental caries. Dentifrices and mouthwashes containing antimicrobial substances are proven to be effective in the eradication of these pathogens from the oral cavity.AimTo evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of fluoride, chlorhexidine (CHX), herbal, and xylitol containing toothpastes and mouthwashes againstStreptococcus mutans(S. mutans) andLactobacillus(LB) in subjects within the age group of 18 to 22 years at time intervals of 1, 3, and 6 months.Materials and methodsOne hundred subjects were randomly divided into four groups. Group I: fluoride, group II: chlorhexidine, group III: herbal, group IV: xylitol and instructed to use toothpastes and mouthwashes containing the specific agents. Salivary samples were collected to evaluate the levels ofS. mutansandLBat baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. Bacterial levels were evaluated using caries risk test (CRT) kit. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance andpost hoctest.ResultsDuring intragroup comparison,S. mutanslevels in group I showed statistically significant difference among the four time intervals. On intergroup comparison,S. mutanslevels after 6 months for groups I, II, III, and IV were 1.12, 1.16, 1.28, and 1.4 respectively.ConclusionIt can be concluded that fluoride, CHX, and xylitol showed a significant reduction inS. mutansandLBcount after a time period of 6 months while herbal group did not show a significant reduction inS. mutansandLBcount at any intervals.How to cite this articleSam JE, Benin P, Beaulah RH, Gnanaseelan, Krishna L, Raja J. Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Four Toothpastes and Mouthwashes againstStreptococcus mutansandLactobacillus: Anin vivoStudy. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(2):60-65.
Apical Debris Extrusion during Root Canal Preparation with ProTaper Next and Mani Silk Rotary Systems: An in vitro Study
Authors: Koppolu Madhusudhana , Suneelkumar Chinni , Lavanya Anumula , Basam Ram 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris after the preparation of root canals in extracted human single-rooted teeth using ProTaper Next and Mani Silk rotary systems.

Materials and methods
A total of 40 freshly extracted human single-rooted teeth with mature apices and straight root canal were selected and similar length were instrumented with ProTaper Next and Mani Silk rotary systems. Debris and irrigant extruded during instrumentation were collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The Eppendorf tubes were then stored in an incubator at 68°C for 5 days. The weight of the extruded debris was determined by subtracting the initial weight from the final weight.

Statistical analysis
Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Postweights were compared with an independent t test for 2 groups.

Results
Both instruments were associated with apical debris extrusion. There was no significant difference between the ProTaper Next and Mani Silk instruments in terms of mean weight of apically extruded debris.

Conclusion
There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of mean weight of apically extruded debris.

How to cite this article
Koppolu M, Basam R, Suneelkumar C, Lavanya A. Apical Debris Extrusion during Root Canal Preparation with ProTaper Next and Mani Silk Rotary Systems: An in vitro Study. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(2):66-69.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Dentistry
Authors: Nair Rajesh S , Babu Betty , Mushtaq Eeshan 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Plasma is the fourth state of matter and others are liquid, gas, and solid. Plasma occurs as a natural phenomenon in the universe and appears in the form of fire, in the polar aurora borealis and in the nuclear fusion reactions of the sun. It can be produced artificially which has gained importance in the fields of plasma screens or light sources. Plasma is of two types: Thermal and nonthermal or cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). Thermal plasma has electrons and heavy particles (ions and neutral) at the same temperature. Cold atmospheric plasma is said to be nonthermal as it has electron at a hotter temperature than the heavy particles that are at room temperature. Cold atmospheric plasma is a specific type of plasma, i.e., <104°F at the point of application. It could become a new and painless method to prepare cavities for restoration with improved longevity. Also it is capable of bacterial inactivation and noninflammatory tissue alteration, which makes it an attractive tool for the treatment of dental caries and for composite restorations. Plasma can also be used for tooth whitening. This review focuses on some dental application of plasma.

How to cite this article
Nair RS, Babu B, Mushtaq E. Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Dentistry. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(2):82-86.
Alterations in Urinary Microalbumin and Serum Antioxidants in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Patra PK , Khodiar PK , Sahu D , Sahu GK 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Changes in the level of various biochemical parameters play a significant role in the physiopathology of sickle cell disease (SCD). The aim of this study is to determine the level of urinary micoalbumin and plasma level of ascorbic acid and uric acid in subjects suffering from sickle cell anemia. A total of 30 subjects consisting of both males and females whose age range varied from 10 to 30 years were included in the study. The urinary albumin/creatinine ratio invariably increased in all studied subjects as compared with the control subjects. The level of ascorbic acid in the plasma significantly declined in SCD subjects when compared with that of control subjects (p < 0.05). Also, the decrease in level of uric acid in plasma of SCD patients was significant as compared with the control subjects. Significant changes in these biochemical parameters thus could be used as reliable markers in nephropathy in sickle cell patients and thus in the management of the disease.
How to cite this article
Patra PK, Khodiar PK, Sahu D, Sahu GK. Alterations in Urinary Microalbumin and Serum Antioxidants in Sickle Cell Disease. Indian J Med Biochem 2016;20(1):1-5.
Evaluation of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction targeting hsp65 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for the Detection of Organism in the Sputum Samples
Authors: Varadaiah Yogaraje GC , Chinnappa Raghu K , Nagaraj Rakshitha M , NA Thejashwini , Samuel Robinson K , Devegowda Devananda 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Introduction
The poor sensitivity of conventional smear microscopy and the delay in obtaining Mycobacterium culture results prevent the early diagnosis of Myobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). By using nucleic acid amplification techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR), one may be able to diagnose the disease on the day of arrival of specimen in the laboratory. The present study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the nested-PCR (nPCR) technique as a rapid and direct molecular method for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis in sputum specimens of patients whose sputum smear was acid-fast bacilli (AFB) negative using heat shock protein (hsp65) as the gene target.

Materials and methods
Early morning sputum samples were collected in sterile containers respectively from about 40 suspected patients of pulmonary tuberculosis, attending the outpatient units of JSS Medical College and PKTB Hospital, Mysore and from 20 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Sputum samples were decontaminated by modified Petroff's method and DNA was isolated using QIAGEN DNA extraction kit. The nPCR was carried out for the detection of MTB using the target gene hsp65.

Results
Nested-PCR showed specific amplification (165bp) of M. tuberculosis in 18 out of 20 sputum AFB positive samples and 9 out of 20 AFB negative samples. None of the healthy controls showed any amplification with nPCR. The nPCR when compared to that of Ziehl-Neelsen staining had a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 77.5%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 66.6%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.9%. The percentage of false positive was 33.3% and percentage of false negative was 6.1%.

Conclusion
The detection of M. tuberculosis with nPCR in smear negative patients provides the bacteriological data 4 to 8 weeks earlier. A molecular approach, based on the amplification of hsp65 gene by nPCR, showed that there is high probability of the disease being absent when the test is negative because of the high negative predictive value (NPV).

How to cite this article
Varadaiah YGC, Prashant A, Chinnappa RK, Nagaraj RM, Thejashwini, Samuel RK, Devegowda D, Vishwanath P. Evaluation of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction targeting hsp65 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for the Detection of Organism in the Sputum Samples. Indian J Med Biochem 2016;1(1):28-33.
Sleep Patterns of Urban and Rural School-going Adolescents
Authors: Trivedi Nitin , Kakkar Munish Kumar , Bohra Divya , Gupta Jitendra , Saini Yashu 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective
To analyze the variance in sleep habits of adolescents (10—18 years) in urban and rural Rajasthan. Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study.
Setting: Community based school survey in an urban and a rural setting.
Subjects: School-going adolescents 10 to 18 years.

Materials and methods
A total of 565 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years were included. The questionnaire contained questions related to sleep habits. Each question was explained to the participants and their responses were noted. Outcome parameters were total sleep time.

Results
Out of 585 adolescents, 285 were residing in urban areas while 280 from rural areas. Total 43.3% adolescent were using bedroom for sleep only without any significant difference in rural and urban area. Alcohol consumption was seen in urban area only (n = 6) and mainly by 10 to 15 year age group. Urban adolescents on week days spend 7.15 hours of sleep while on week ends they spend 9.2 hours while In rural area week days sleep was 6.34 hours while at week ends it was 6.64 hours. So surprisingly sleep deprivation was more in rural area and there was not much variation in total sleep time in rural area on weekdays or weekend.

How to cite this article
Kakkar MK, Bohra D, Trivedi N, Gupta J, Saini Y. Sleep Patterns of Urban and Rural School- going Adolescents. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(1):20-23.
Bilateral Hypodontia of Mandibular Second Premolars and Lateral Incisors in a Nonsyndromic Patient: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kanjani Shakun 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Hypodontia is the term used to describe the developmental absence of one or more primary or permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. It is the most commonly occurring developmental dental anomaly and can be a challenge to manage clinically. Hypodontia can occur in association with syndrome or it may occur in nonsyndromic patient. Bilateral occurrence is common but it is very rare to see two bilateral congenital missing teeth in a nonsyndromic patient. This case report presents a rare occurrence of congenital bilateral missing mandibular second premolars and mandibular lateral incisors in a nonsyndromic patient.

How to cite this article
Agarwal N, Chaturvedy S, Marwah N, Mishra P, Kanjani S. Bilateral Hypodontia of Mandibular Second Premolars and Lateral Incisors in a Nonsyndromic Patient: A Rare Case Report. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(1):24-26.
Poor Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pharmacovigilance among Health Care Professionals: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Vohra Rajaat , Vohra Anusha , Verma Meghna 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
As the number of drugs available in the market are increasing, there arises a need to detect their adverse drug reactions and report them on time so that further harm can be avoided. The level of underreporting of adverse drug reactions is very high. Therefore, present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of pharmacovigilance among the various health care professionals and suggest ways to improve them.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional survey was done on 215 health care personnels working in a medical college in Jaipur. They were subjected to KAP questionnaire consisted of knowledge, attitude and practice based questions, designed specifically to assess the awareness about pharmacovigilance.

Results and conclusion
The mean KAP scores of physicians were found to be 5.75, 4.44 and 1.75 respectively. The KAP score of postgraduate students was 5.5, 4.25 and 1.5 respectively. The KAP score of final year MBBS students was 5, 3.4, and 1.4 respectively, and that of interns was 4, 4.2 and 1.4 respectively. The KAP score of pharmacists was 3.5, 2 and 1 respectively, and that of nurses was 2.75, 2.25 and 0.8 respectively. It was found that mean score of physicians and postgraduate students was higher than interns and final year MBBS and much higher than nurses and pharmacists. Still they all fall under the poor score range to unsatisfactory score range which suggest that there is an urgent need for ongoing educational programs to train health care professionals about pharmacovigilance.

How to cite this article
Vohra A, Vohra R, Verma M. Poor Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pharmacovigilance among Health Care Professionals: A Cross-sectional Study. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(2):42-46.
A Study to evaluate the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program regarding Prevention of Renal Calculi in Terms of Knowledge and Dietary Pattern of Primary School Teachers of Moodabidri, Dakshina Kannada District
Authors: Soni Giriraj Prasad 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A renal calculus is a painful condition. Renal calculi occur in up to 15% population. The incidence of calculi is 100 to 400 out of 1,00,000 people from a renal calculi every year. Dietary practice of the individuals has a direct influence over the stone formation. Change in dietary habits and lifestyle are suggested to contribute markedly to the rise in the prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis.

Materials and methods
An evaluative approach with one group pretest design was adopted in order to evaluate effectiveness of planned teaching program on prevention of renal calculi and dietary practice among primary school teachers in Moodbidri. The conceptual framework adopted for the study was based on modified Rosen stocks health belief model. Convenient sampling was used to select the sample for the study. Data collected from the sample were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The final sample size was 70.

Results
Majority of samples belonged to age group 20 to 30 years (54.28%), female (62.85%), D. Ed. students (64.28%), married (60%), hindu background (62.85%), teaching experience below 10 years (65.71%), source of health-related information by books (48.57%) and mixed diet (61.42%).

There was significant difference between pretest and post- test knowledge scores (t69 = 36.46, p < 0.05 significant)
There was no significant association between pretest knowledge and selected demographic variables age (x2 = 1.33, p > 0.05), sex (x2 = 0.568, p > 0.05), religion (x2 = 0.843, p > 0.05), diet (x2 = 0.003, p > 0.05).
There was a significant difference between pretest and posttest dietary practice scores (t69 = 32.27, p < 0.05, significant).

Conclusion
The findings of the study show that the planned teaching program was effective in all the areas in improving the knowledge and dietary practice of primary school teachers and, thus, reduced complication. It also helped them to take self responsibility for their own health.

How to cite this article
Soni GP. A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program Regarding Prevention of Renal Calculi in Terms of Knowledge and Dietary Pattern of Primary School Teachers of Moodabidri, Dakshina Kannada District. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(2):55-57.
An Insight into the Surface of Dental Implants
Authors: Kausher Hina , Chonkkar Devendra PS 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Osseointegration, the direct contact between living bone and the surface of load-carrying implant, is imperative for the long-term success of dental implants. There is no distinct relationship between osseointegration and defined surface characteristics, since a great number of different surfaces achieve osseointegration. However, the rate, extent, and the strength of this connection may be dependent on the surface characteristics of the implant. The aim of this article was to review the literature on the various approaches available to modify the bone–implant interface.

How to cite this article
Kausher H, Padiyar N, Kaurani P, Meena S, Chonkkar DPS. An Insight into the Surface of Dental Implants. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):23-28.