bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Preparation of Micro/Mesoporous Conjugated Polymers for Multifunctional Sensing and Separation Applications
Authors: Luo Yanmei , Duan Lian , Chen Rong , Wang Hua , Cheng Xinjian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicro/mesoporous conjugated polymers (MCPs) incorporate fluorescence, adsorption, and electronic conductivity together were synthesized. In this paper, a family of MCPs was prepared by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling‐reaction using different building blocks. MCPs were studied by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid‐state 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance (13CNMR) spectra, fluorescence spectra, Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The as‐prepared MCPs are of porous structure and fluorescence. The pore diameters and specific surface areas varied by changing the starting monomers. The MCPs could be linear chain and network structure depending on the starting monomers. The specific surface areas of network MCPs are larger than linear chain ones. The fluorescence MCPs could be employed as chemosensors for detection of metal ions. Also the MCPs could be used as adsorbent for separation of metal ions and organic dyes. The maximum absorption capacity of MCP‐4 for Fe3+ ions reached 152 mg/g within 30 min. Meanwhile, when MCPs were used for the removal of organic dyes, the adsorption capability of MCP‐4 reached 488 mg/g and 491 mg/g for methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine (RhB) within 30 min respectively. With the introduction of N, S atoms to the building blocks, the sensing and removal ability were enhanced. Furthermore, the MCP family owns electric conductivity which may be employed as solar cell materials.
Rethinking forest‐bird habitat management guidelines in the northern Lake States
Authors: Corace R. Gregory 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBiodiversity challenges require more ecologically based approaches to habitat management of forest wildlife. Although active management is necessary for the conservation of many forest‐dependent wildlife species, some high‐severity (even‐aged) forest management practices could be improved upon with greater consideration of natural disturbance models. Using examples of 3 migratory bird species of conservation priority and for which high‐severity forest management practices are conducted in the northern Lake States (Kirtland's warbler [Setophaga kirtlandii], golden‐winged warbler [Vermivora chrysoptera], American woodcock [Scolopax minor]), I first summarize lessons learned and then illustrates how a more ecological approach to forest‐bird habitat planning and management might work. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mus81–Mms4 and Rad52 can cooperate in the resolution of recombination intermediates
Authors: Phung Huong Thi Thu , Nguyen Hoa Luong Hieu , Vo Sang Thanh , Nguyen Dung Hoang , Le Minh Van 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMus81 is a well‐conserved DNA structure‐specific endonuclease which belongs to the XPF/Rad1 family of proteins that are involved in DNA nucleotide excision repair. Mus81 forms a heterodimer with a non‐catalytic subunit, Mms4, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Eme1/EME1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and mammals). Recent evidence shows that Mus81 functions redundantly with Sgs1, a member of the ubiquitous RecQ family of DNA helicases, to process toxic recombinant intermediates. In budding yeast, homologous recombination is regulated by the Rad52 epistasis group of proteins, including Rad52, which stimulates the main steps of DNA sequence‐homology searching. Mus81 was proven to act in the Rad52‐dependent pathway. Here, we demonstrate that Rad52 and Mus81–Mms4 possesses a functional interaction; the presence of Rad52 significantly enhances the endonuclease activity of Mus81–Mms4 on a broad range of its preferred synthetic substrates. Furthermore, this functional interaction is demonstrated to be species specific. We fragmented Rad52 and found that the N‐terminal fragment from the 86th to 169th amino acid residue, which belongs to DNA‐binding and self‐association domains, can stimulate Mus81–Mms4 endonuclease. These results strongly support the notion that Rad52 and Mus81–Mms4 collaborate and work jointly in processing of homologous recombination intermediates.
Generalization of a uniaxial elasto‐plastic material model based on the Prandtl‐Reuss theory
Authors: Gelke S. , Ihlemann J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present paper introduces a material model following the Prandtl‐Reuss theory of time‐independent elasto‐plasticity. Applying a hypo‐elastic relation a material model for uniaxial tension/compression is derived which is completely based on scalar kinematics. Combined isotropic and kinematic hardening is provided in terms of nonlinear formulations showing saturation. The proof of thermodynamic consistency is supplied. Further, the model is generalized by the concept of representative directions and implemented for finite element application, so that arbitrary spatial deformation processes can be simulated. Especially, the elastic response of the model is investigated. Comparative simulations give evidence that spurious phenomena such as shear oscillation and numerically induced ratcheting are absent for the presented generalized material model. Distinct distortional hardening is obtained after generalization describing metal plasticity adequately. Finally the model is extended to show tension/compression anisotropy.
Recreational Fisheries: The Need for Sustainability in Fisheries Management of Alpine Rivers
Authors: Unfer Günther , Pinter Kurt 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFishing is an ancient practice in the acquisition of natural resources dating back to the Middle Stone Age. The principal reasons why humans visit waters to catch fish underwent a substantial transition in many countries throughout the preceding decades. While fishing to gain food still is an important factor in tropical areas of the world, especially in Africa and Asia, it is mostly for sport in inland waters of economically higher developed countries, as in major parts of Europe and North America (Welcomme 2016). There, the majority of fishermen nowadays fish solely to obtain recreation or to experience the aesthetics of nature.
Ensuring Long-Term Cooperation Over Transboundary Water Resources Through Joint River Basin Management
Authors: Schmeier Susanne , Vogel Birgit 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWater resources are the basis for human well-being and development all over the world. At the same time, in their use and protection, they face numerous challenges stemming from different interests of different actors. Meeting these challenges requires integrated management that reconciles different interests in the use and protection of water resources and ensures the sustainable development of a river or lake basin as a whole. As soon as rivers and lakes cross international borders and transboundary basins emerge, these challenges and the need to address them in a coordinated manner become even more complex. The links between interests in the use of their resources and the interests of nation-states add an international political dimension to the previously rather technical challenge of water resources management.
Biodiversity and Freshwater Information Systems
Authors: Schmidt-Kloiber Astrid , De Wever Aaike 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSpecies observed in freshwaters are typically good indicators of the health/status of these ecosystems and are therefore frequently analyzed as part of ecological monitoring programs. The biodiversity data generated during such monitoring routines, in combination with data from other ecological studies in freshwaters, can form an invaluable source of information to support sustainable management and conservation of aquatic ecosystems. Pressured by funding agencies such as the EU, the call for open access to data, which enables the reuse of data for addressing large-scale and/or transdisciplinary research problems, is becoming increasingly important. In this chapter we discuss the importance of documenting and describing data and making these metadata available to improve the understanding and discoverability of datasets and specifically examine different facets of biodiversity data. We provide an overview of existing freshwater (biodiversity) information systems that enable data holders to adequately publish their data and find appropriate data for their research.
Danube Floodplain Lobau
Authors: Preiner Stefan , Weigelhofer Gabriele , Funk Andrea , Hohensinner Severin , Reckendorfer Walter , Schiemer Friedrich , Hein Thomas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlong the Upper Danube, almost all former floodplain areas have been lost due to river regulation, large-scale land-use changes, and terrestrialization processes. In the Lobau floodplain near the City of Vienna, ongoing terrestrialization leads to a dramatic loss of aquatic and semiaquatic habitats. Although the ecological values of the remaining floodplain area, such as high productivity and high biodiversity, are widely acknowledged, the implementation of restoration measures is difficult. In urban environments such as the Lobau, planning and decision-making for floodplain restoration inevitably involves tradeoffs, uncertainties, and conflicting objectives and value judgments. Beyond ecological values, the main socioeconomic aspects are flood control, drinking water supply for Vienna, and recreation.The aim of this chapter is to present the current ecological situation and the major development tendencies of the Lobau floodplain and to show the effects of potential management measures on the ecological situation.
River Connectivity, Habitat Fragmentation and Related Restoration Measures
Authors: Seliger Carina , Zeiringer Bernhard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRivers have all too often been considered as two-dimensional elements of terrestrial landscapes neglecting their own internal structure and heterogeneity. But rivers exhibit certain characteristics, which should grant them a special position in connectivity conservation. With habitat fragmentation causing dramatic losses in global aquatic biodiversity, ecological research put much effort into conservation measures for maintaining and restoring connectivity of riverine habitats. To make use of the full mitigation hierarchy, the implementation of both avoidance (e.g. large-scale planning) and mitigation measures (e.g. facilities for up- and downstream migration) should be aspired.
The ultraviolet behavior of quantum gravity
Authors: Anselmi Damiano , Piva Marco 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA theory of quantum gravity has been recently proposed by means of a novel quantization prescription, which is able to turn the poles of the free propagators that are due to the higher derivatives into fakeons. The classical Lagrangian contains the cosmological term, the Hilbert term,$$ \sqrt{-g}{R}_{\mu \nu }{R}^{\mu \nu } $$−gRμνRμνand$$ \sqrt{-g}{R}^2 $$−gR2. In this paper, we compute the one-loop renormalization of the theory and the absorptive part of the graviton self energy. The results illustrate the mechanism that makes renormalizability compatible with unitarity. The fakeons disentangle the real part of the self energy from the imaginary part. The former obeys a renormalizable power counting, while the latter obeys the nonrenormalizable power counting of the low energy expansion and is consistent with unitarity in the limit of vanishing cosmological constant. The value of the absorptive part is related to the central chargecof the matter fields coupled to gravity.
On the analysis of speech and disfluencies for automatic detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: López-de-Ipiña K. , Martinez-de-Lizarduy U. , Calvo P. M. , Beitia B. , García-Melero J. , Fernández E. , Ecay-Torres M. , Faundez-Zanuy M. , Sanz P. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by a progressive and irreversible cognitive deterioration. In a previous stage, the so-called Mild Cognitive Impairment or cognitive loss appears. Nevertheless, this previous stage does not seem sufficiently severe to interfere in independent abilities of daily life, so it is usually diagnosed inappropriately. Thus, its detection is a crucial challenge to be addressed by medical specialists. This paper presents a novel proposal for such early diagnosis based on automatic analysis of speech and disfluencies, and Deep Learning methodologies. The proposed tools could be useful for supporting Mild Cognitive Impairment diagnosis. The Deep Learning approach includes Convolutional Neural Networks and nonlinear multifeature modeling. Additionally, an automatic hybrid methodology is used in order to select the most relevant features by means of nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test and Support Vector Machine Attribute evaluation.
A light-controlled cell lysis system in bacteria
Authors: Wang Geyi , Lu Xin , Zhu Yisha , Zhang Wei , Liu Jiahui , Wu Yankang , Yu Liyang , Sun Dongchang , Cheng Feng 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Intracellular products (e.g., insulin), which are obtained through cell lysis, take up a big share of the biotech industry. It is often time-consuming, laborious, and environment-unfriendly to disrupt bacterial cells with traditional methods. In this study, we developed a molecular device for controlling cell lysis with light. We showed that intracellular expression of a single lysin protein was sufficient for efficient bacterial cell lysis. By placing the lysin-encoding gene under the control of an improved light-controlled system, we successfully controlled cell lysis by switching on/off light: OD600 of the Escherichia coli cell culture was decreased by twofold when the light-controlled system was activated under dark condition. We anticipate that our work would not only pave the way for cell lysis through a convenient biological way in fermentation industry, but also provide a paradigm for applying the light-controlled system in other fields of biotech industry.
Sirtuin signaling controls mitochondrial function in glycogen storage disease type Ia
Authors: Cho Jun‐Ho , Kim Goo‐Young , Mansfield Brian C. , Chou Janice Y. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGlycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD‐Ia) deficient in glucose‐6‐phosphatase‐α (G6Pase‐α) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis and a long‐term complication of hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma (HCA/HCC). Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in GSD‐Ia but the underlying mechanism and its contribution to HCA/HCC development remain unclear. We have shown that hepatic G6Pase‐α deficiency leads to downregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signaling that underlies defective hepatic autophagy in GSD‐Ia. SIRT1 is a NAD+‐dependent deacetylase that can deacetylate and activate peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial integrity, biogenesis, and function. We hypothesized that downregulation of hepatic SIRT1 signaling in G6Pase‐α‐deficient livers impairs PGC‐1α activity, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we show that the G6Pase‐α‐deficient livers display defective PGC‐1α signaling, reduced numbers of functional mitochondria, and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Overexpression of hepatic SIRT1 restores PGC‐1α activity, normalizes the expression of electron transport chain components, and increases mitochondrial complex IV activity. We have previously shown that restoration of hepatic G6Pase‐α expression normalized SIRT1 signaling. We now show that restoration of hepatic G6Pase‐α expression also restores PGC‐1α activity and mitochondrial function. Finally, we show that HCA/HCC lesions found in G6Pase‐α‐deficient livers contain marked mitochondrial and oxidative DNA damage. Taken together, our study shows that downregulation of hepatic SIRT1/PGC‐1α signaling underlies mitochondrial dysfunction and that oxidative DNA damage incurred by damaged mitochondria may contribute to HCA/HCC development in GSD‐Ia.
Floods Increase the Risks of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Qingdao, China, 2009-2013: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Hu Xiaowen , Jiang Fachun , Ni Wei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to quantify the impact of few times floods on hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Qingdao during 2009-2013.MethodsThe Spearman correlation test was applied to examine the lagged effects of floods on monthly morbidity of HFMD during study period in Qingdao. We further quantified the effects of 5 flood events on the morbidity of HFMD using the time-series Poisson regression controlling for climatic factors, seasonality, and lagged effects among different populations.ResultsA total of 55,920 cases of HFMD were reported in the study region over the study period. The relative risks of floods on the morbidity of HFMD among the total population, males, females, under 1-2 years old, and 3-5 years old were 1.178, 1.165, 1.198, 1.338, and 1.245, respectively.ConclusionsThis study has, for the first time, provided the positive evidence of the impact of floods on HFMD. It demonstrates that floods can significantly increase the risk of HFMD during study period. Additionally, among the different populations, the risks were higher among children under 1-5 years old. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:723-729)
Arachidonic acid and DHA status in pregnant women is not associated with cognitive performance of their children at 4 or 6–7 years
Authors: Crozier Sarah R. , Sibbons Charlene M. , Fisk Helena L. , Godfrey Keith M. , Calder Philip C. , Gale Catharine R. , Robinson Sian M. , Inskip Hazel M. , Baird Janis , Harvey Nicholas C. , Cooper Cyrus , Burdge Graham C. ,   Southampton Women’s Survey (SWS) Study Group
Published: May 2018

AbstractArachidonic acid (ARA) and DHA, supplied primarily from the mother, are required for early development of the central nervous system. Thus, variations in maternal ARA or DHA status may modify neurocognitive development. We investigated the relationship between maternal ARA and DHA status in early (11·7 weeks) or late (34·5 weeks) pregnancy on neurocognitive function at the age of 4 years or 6–7 years in 724 mother–child pairs from the Southampton Women’s Survey cohort. Plasma phosphatidylcholine fatty acid composition was measured in early and late pregnancy. ARA concentration in early pregnancy predicted 13 % of the variation in ARA concentration in late pregnancy (β=0·36,P<0·001). DHA concentration in early pregnancy predicted 21 % of the variation in DHA concentration in late pregnancy (β=0·46,P<0·001). Children’s cognitive function at the age of 4 years was assessed by the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence and at the age of 6–7 years by the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Executive function at the age of 6–7 years was assessed using elements of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Neither DHA nor ARA concentrations in early or late pregnancy were associated significantly with neurocognitive function in children at the age of 4 years or the age of 6–7 years. These findings suggest that ARA and DHA status during pregnancy in the range found in this cohort are unlikely to have major influences on neurocognitive function in healthy children.
EMPIRE AND THE RIGHT TO PREACH THE GOSPEL IN THE SCHOOL OF SALAMANCA, 1535–1560
Authors: ALLEMANN DANIEL S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe sixteenth-century theologians of the School of Salamanca are well known for their sophisticated reflections on the Spanish conquest of the New World. But the nature of their responses seems far from clear and is subject to historiographical debate. Recent studies from the discipline of intellectual history suggest that the Salmantine theologians challenged the legitimacy of Spanish claims to the Americas. Scholars associated with the field of post-colonial studies, on the other hand, forcefully stress their entanglement in Spain's imperial venture overseas. This article, however, argues that these seemingly irreconcilable approaches are not in fact mutually exclusive. It shifts our attention to the sorely neglectedius praedicandi, the right to preach the gospel, which served to translate the Spanish theologians’ deeply rooted belief in the hegemonic truth of the Christian faith into a discourse of otherwise ‘secular’ natural rights. In adopting this novel lens, the article makes a case for assessing the language of the university theologians in its own terms while simultaneously exposing the support of Salamanca for Spain's imperial venture.
Dynamics of Political Protests
Authors: Klein Graig R. , Regan Patrick M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe links between protests and state responses have taken on increased visibility in light of the Arab Spring movements. But we still have unanswered questions about the relationship between protest behaviors and responses by the state. We frame this in terms of concession and disruption costs. Costs are typically defined as government behaviors that impede dissidents’ capacity for collective action. We change this causal arrow and hypothesize how dissidents can generate costs that structure the government's response to a protest. By disaggregating costs along dimensions of concession and disruption we extend our understanding of protest behaviors and the conditions under which they are more (or less) effective. Utilizing a new cross-national protest-event data set, we test our theoretical expectations against protests from 1990 to 2014 and find that when protesters generate high concession costs, the state responds in a coercive manner. Conversely, high disruption costs encourage the state to accommodate demands. Our research provides substantial insights and inferences about the dynamics of government response to protest.
The lifestyle of lichens in soil crusts
Authors: GREEN T. G. Allan , PINTADO Ana , RAGGIO Jose , SANCHO Leopoldo Garcia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLichens are one of the common dominant biota in biological soil crusts (biocrusts), a community that is one of the largest in extent in the world. Here we present a summary of the main features of the lifestyle of soil crust lichens, emphasizing their habitat, ecophysiology and versatility. The soil crust is exposed to full light, often to high temperatures and has an additional water source, the soil beneath the lichens. However, despite the open nature of the habitat the lichens are active under shady and cooler conditions and avoid climate extremes of high temperature and light. In temperate and alpine habitats they can also be active for long periods, several months in some cases. They show a mixture of physiological constancy (e.g. similar activity periods and net photosynthetic rates) but also adaptations to the habitat (e.g. the response of net photosynthesis to thallus water content can differ for the same lichen species in Europe and the USA and some species show extensive rhizomorph development). Despite recent increased research, aspects of soil crust ecology, for example under snow, remain little understood.
From desire to encounter: the human quest for the infinite
Authors: COTTINGHAM JOHN 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe article begins with the journey towards knowledge of the infinite that is traced out in Descartes'sMeditations.Drawing on Levinas's construal of the argument in the Third Meditation, I argue that Descartes's reflections on God as infinite can be a starting point for deepening our understanding of the religious quest – the paradoxical human search for that which, by its very nature, is incomprehensible to the human mind. The second half of the article argues that this search is from first to last structured by desire and longing, and that somethingprima facienon-cognitive and non-epistemic, namely thedesirefor God, has a cognitive and epistemic role to play. Perhaps desire can be our human way, orahuman way, whereby we can (in Descartes's words) ‘in a certain manner attain to’ the infinite perfection that is God.