bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved bacterial nanocellulose production from glucose without the loss of quality by evaluating thirteen agitator configurations at low speed
Authors: Chen Genqiang , Chen Lin , Wang Wei , Chen Shiyan , Wang Huaping , Wei Yen , Hong Feng F. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThirteen agitator configurations were investigated at low speed in stirred‐tank reactors (STRs) to determine if improved crude bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) productivity can be achieved from glucose‐based media while maintaining high BNC quality using Komagataeibacter xylinus ATCC 23770 as a model organism. A comparison of five single impellers showed the pitched blade (large) was the optimal impeller at 300 rpm. The BNC production was further increased by maintaining the pH at 5.0. Among the single helical ribbon and frame impellers and the combined impellers, the twin pitched blade provided the best results. The combined impellers at 150 rpm performed better than the single impellers, and after optimizing the agitation conditions, the twin pitched blade (large) and helical ribbon impellers performed the best at 100 rpm. The performances of different agitators at low speed during BNC production were related to how efficiently the agitators improved the oxygen mass transfer coefficient. The twin pitched blade (large) was verified as providing the optimum performance by an observed crude BNC production of 1.97 g (L×d)−1 and a BNC crude yield of consumed glucose of 0.41 g g−1, which were 2.25 and 2.37 times higher than the initial values observed using the single impeller respectively. Further characterization indicated that the BNC obtained at 100 rpm from the STR equipped with the optimal agitator maintained high degree of polymerization and crystallinity.
The association between sleep efficiency and diabetes mellitus in community‐dwelling individuals with or without sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Yan Bin , Zhao Binbin , Fan Yajuan , Yang Jian , Zhu Feng , Chen Yunchun , Ma Xiancang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSleeping habits have been reported to be associated with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to explore the relationship of sleep efficiency with diabetes mellitus in individuals with or without sleep‐disordered breathing based on polysomnography records.MethodsWe enrolled participants from the Sleep Heart Health Study. Objective indicators of sleep characteristics including sleep efficiency, sleep latency, slow‐wave sleep, wake after sleep onset, and total arousal index were monitored via in‐home polysomnography. Sleep efficiency was divided into grade 1 (≥85%), grade 2 (80%‐84.9%), and grade 3 (<80%). Multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to investigate the association between sleep quality and diabetes mellitus.ResultsThe present study comprised 4737 participants with a mean age of 63.6 ± 11.0 years. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was higher in those with grade 3 sleep efficiency than that in those with grade 1 and grade 2 sleep efficiency in participants with (10.9% vs 8.5% vs 8.3%, respectively; P =.134) or without (9.5% vs 5.6% vs 3.5%, respectively; P <.001) sleep‐disordered breathing. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, sleep efficiency <80% was associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus only in participants without sleep‐disordered breathing (odds ratio, 1.894; 95% confidence interval, 1.187‐3.022, P =.007).ConclusionPoor sleep efficiency is associated with diabetes mellitus in those without sleep‐disordered breathing. Therefore, the relationship between sleep efficiency and diabetes mellitus is worth further investigation.
Association between snus use over time and smoking cessation in Norwegian smokers
Authors: Lund Ingeborg , Christiansen Solveig Glestad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe effect of snus (Swedish moist snuff) use over time on smoking cessation has not been clearly established. This study aimed to assess whether there is an association between snus use over the life‐span and smoking cessation in Norway.Design and SettingYearly national cross‐sectional surveys (2007–17) among Norwegian adults.ParticipantsA total of 5353 ever‐daily smokers aged 16–79 years, 61.0% of whom (n = 3268) had quit daily smoking, and 16.9% (n = 903) were ever snus users.MeasurementsRetrospective data on smoking and snus use initiation and smoking cessation. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to estimate the association between time from initiation of snus use and quitting smoking.FindingsThere was a significant association between snus use and quitting smoking during the 5 first years after starting using snus (hazard ratio = 1.92, confidence interval = 1.62–2.26), but not thereafter.ConclusionIn Norway, snus use appears to be associated with a higher likelihood of quitting smoking within the first 5 years of initiation of this use.
Derived muscle arrangements and their shared innervation patterns of external and internal cheek pouches in rodents
Authors: Kawashima Tomokazu , Thorington Richard W. , Bohaska Paula W. , Sato Fumi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCheek pouches have evolved from the oral cavity in rodents and act as temporary food storage repositories. There are two types of opening, internal and external. Details about the complex cutaneous muscles controlling the pouches have still not been fully elucidated. To understand the shared and derived traits of the muscles surrounding the cheek pouch and their innervation, we carried out an evolutionary morphological study using two desert kangaroo rats (Dipodomys deserti) and three plains pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius) from each of the two families equipped with external cheek pouches, and four Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) with internal cheek pouches. The most conspicuous derived trait of the muscles between the external and internal cheek pouches, the sphincter sacculi, surrounds almost all of the edge of the outer entrance of the pouch. It is present in both species with external pouches, but not in hamsters, which have internal pouches. Our neurological findings demonstrate that most pouch muscles are innervated by both the facial and the cervical nerves, regardless of the pouch type. In these dually innervated muscles, the ventromedial part of the muscles tends to be innervated dominantly or uniquely by the cervical nerves, which usually enter from the superficial or lateral aspect. As a trait shared with the cervical nerves innervating the propatagial muscles in aerodynamic mammals such as bats and flying squirrels, and panniculus carnosus in most mammals, our neurological evidence suggests that the cervical nerve has the potential to innervate derived cutaneous muscles in the cervicofacial region.
Clinical impact of pre‐treatment FDG‐PET/CT staging of primary ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers in women
Authors: Sponholtz Sara E. , Mogensen Ole , Hildebrandt Malene G. , Jensen Pernille T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionTo assess the clinical impact of preoperative fludeoxyglucose (FDG) with positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) in women with ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer with focus on consequences of added findings (AFs).Material and methodsFDG‐PET/CT was implemented as a standard imaging modality for women with newly diagnosed ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer at our institution in 2008. After full implementation, all preoperative scans were reviewed and AFs were evaluated from January 2011 to December 2012. Decisions regarding further examination made at the first multidisciplinary team conference were recorded. Subsequent procedures were tracked via medical records, and the impact of AFs on additional examinations, delay, and change in treatment plans was evaluated.ResultsForty‐four (21.1%) of 209 women presented with AFs. Further examination was performed in 35/44 (79.5%). Malignancy was identified in 15/35 (42.9%), revealing metastases from ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer in 11, a synchronous primary cancer in 3, and recurrence of a previous cancer in 1 woman. The ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer metastases were localized in the lungs, uterus, colon, vagina, and breasts. The remaining 20 AFs revealed 2 benign lesions and 1 pre‐malignant lesion, whereas no abnormality was found in 17. Further examination of AFs resulted in a significant time delay until treatment start of median 4 days (range 1‐83 days, P < 0.004).ConclusionsFurther examinations of AFs by FDG‐PET/CT delayed time to start of treatment by median 4 days in women with newly diagnosed ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer in a contemporary institution with fast‐track access to additional diagnostics. The clinical implications of this must be balanced against the gain of detecting unrecognized malignancy in 15 of 209 women (7.2%).
An Examination of the Moderating Effect of Core Self‐Evaluations and the Mediating Effect of Self‐Set Goals on the Primed Goal‐Task Performance Relationship
Authors: Itzchakov Guy , Latham Gary P. 
Published: September 2019

An understudied issue in the goal priming literature is why the same prime can provoke different responses in different people. The current research sheds light on this issue by investigating whether an individual difference variable, core self‐evaluations (CSE), accounts for different responses from the same prime. Based on the findings of experiments showing that individuals with high CSE have higher performance after consciously setting a task‐related goal than individuals with lower CSE, two hypotheses were tested: (1) Individuals who score high on CSE perform better following a subconsciously primed goal for achievement than do individuals who score low on CSE, and (2) this effect is mediated by a self‐set goal. Two laboratory experiments (n = 207, 191) and one field experiment (n = 62) provided support for the hypotheses. These findings suggest that personality variables such as the CSE can provide an explanation for the “many effects of the one prime problem”.
Statin use and peripheral nerve function—A prospective follow‐up study
Authors: Svendsen Toke de Koning , Krøigård Thomas , Wirenfeldt Martin , Schrøder Henrik Daa , Bak Søren , Möller Sören , Hallas Jesper , Sindrup Søren Hein , Gaist David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo examine the association between use of statins and risk of deterioration of peripheral nerve function.MethodsWe prospectively followed patients who initiated statin treatment and compared them with statin never‐users (non‐users). At the time of inclusion and at 1‐year follow‐up, participants underwent tests for peripheral nerve function (ie nerve conduction studies, quantitative sensory testing), skin biopsies and ratings of symptoms and signs of neuropathy. We selected five tests of nerve function and the intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) a priori as primary outcomes. We used linear regression to test for differences between statin users and non‐users with Holm‐Bonferroni‐corrected statistical significance level of .05.ResultsComparisons were based on 57 statin users and 46 non‐users. Changes in nerve function test results during follow‐up were not uniform with regard to direction and were statistically not significant with the exception of IENFD (change in IENFD: statin users 1 fibre/mm vs. non‐statin users −2 fibres/mm; P‐value = .006). None of the participants developed overt peripheral neuropathy. However, five statin users developed neuropathy‐like symptoms and a post hoc analysis showed a significant decrease in vibration sensitivity compared to asymptomatic statin users.ConclusionStatin use was not clearly associated with increased risk of deterioration of peripheral nerve function analysed at a group level. However, given the sample size limitations of our study and the findings of our post hoc analysis, we cannot preclude that peripheral nerve function may be affected in some individuals exposed to statins.
Self‐regulatory consequences of observing others making goal progress: A longitudinal field study in weight loss groups
Authors: Reynolds James P. , Webb Thomas L. , McCulloch Kathleen C. , Fitzsimons Gráinne M. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveWhat happens when people see others making progress toward a goal that they also hold? Is it motivating or could it undermine goal pursuit because people feel that they have made progress themselves (i.e., they experience vicarious goal satiation)?MethodsWe investigated these questions in a longitudinal field context – a group weight loss programme. N = 132 participants who were overweight or obese and attended weekly weight loss classes completed questionnaires over 11 weeks to investigate the consequences of observing other people making progress toward their goal of losing weightResultsObserving others making good progress was associated with participants holding stronger intentions to lose weight themselves (B = 0.04, p = .012), positive goal‐related affect (B = 0.27, p = .017), and feeling that they were also making progress themselves (B = 0.22, p < .001). However, observing others making good progress was also associated with losing a smaller amount of weight over the following week (B = .13, p = .005). Mediation analyses showed a significant indirect effect of observing others making good progress, via feelings about their own progress, on changes in weight, B = .02, 95% CI [.00, .04].ConclusionsPeople who view others making progress tend to be less successful at losing weight themselves over the following week. The findings suggest that this is, in part, explained by the person feeling as if they have made progress themselves; thereby providing the first demonstration of vicarious goal satiation in a field context.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Many people strive toward health goals (e.g., try to lose weight) with other people.

However, research into vicarious goal satiation (VGS) suggests that seeing someone else achieve their goal may lead people to believe that they have made progress themselves and undermine goal pursuit.

What does this study add?

A longitudinal test of VGS in a field context, namely weight loss groups.

Observing other people do well was motivating for the observer.

They also believed that they had made progress themselves and were less successful at losing weight.
E‐cadherin‐Fc chimera protein matrix enhances cancer stem‐like properties and induces mesenchymal features in colon cancer cells
Authors: Qian Yamin , Wu Xin , Yokoyama Yuhki , Okuzaki Daisuke , Taguchi Mai , Hirose Haruka , Wang Jiaqi , Hata Tsuyoshi , Inoue Akira , Hiraki Masayuki , Ohtsuka Masahisa , Takahashi Hidekazu , Haraguchi Naotsugu , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Tanaka Shinji , Mori Masaki , Yamamoto Hirofumi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSC) are a subpopulation of tumor cells with properties of high tumorigenicity and drug resistance, which lead to recurrence and poor prognosis. Although a better understanding of CSC is essential for developing cancer therapies, scarcity of the CSC population has hindered such analyses. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the E‐cadherin‐Fc chimera protein (E‐cad‐Fc) enhances cancer stem‐like properties because studies show that soluble E‐cadherin stimulates human epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream signaling pathways that are reported to play a crucial role in CSC. For this purpose, we used ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)‐degron–transduced (Degron(+)) KM12SM cells as a CSC model that retains relatively low CSC properties. Compared to cultures without E‐cad‐Fc treatment, we found that E‐cad‐Fc treatment further suppressed proteasome activity and largely enhanced cancer stem‐like properties of ODC‐degron–transduced KM12SM cells. These results include increased expression of stem cell markers Lgr5, Bmi‐1, SOX9, CD44, and CD44v9, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and enhancement of robust spheroid formation, and chemoresistance to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and oxaliplatin (L‐OHP). These effects could be attributed to activation of the EGFR pathway as identified by extensive phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK, PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. In SW480 cells, E‐cad‐Fc matrix induced some CSC markers such as CD44v9 and ALDH. We also found that E‐cad‐Fc matrix showed high efficiency of inducing mesenchymal changes in colon cancer cells. Our data suggest that the E‐cad‐Fc matrix may enhance CSC properties such as enhancement of chemoresistance and sphere formation.
Individual optimal dose of amrubicin to prevent severe neutropenia in Japanese patients with lung cancer
Authors: Makino Yoshinori , Makihara‐Ando Reiko , Ogawa Takanori , Sato Hitoshi , Goto Yasushi , Kanda Shintaro , Horinouchi Hidehito , Fujiwara Yutaka , Ohe Yuichiro , Yamamoto Noboru 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study determined individual optimal amrubicin doses for Japanese patients with lung cancer after platinum‐based treatment. We carried out population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling incorporating gene polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Fifty patients with lung cancer, who were given 35‐40 mg/m2 amrubicin on days 1‐3 every 3‐4 weeks, were enrolled. Mechanism‐based modeling described relationships between the pharmacokinetics of amrubicin and absolute neutrophil counts. A population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model was developed for amrubicin and amrubicinol (active metabolite), connected by a delay compartment. The final model incorporated body surface area as a covariate of amrubicin and amrubicinol clearance and distribution volume. SLC28A3 single nucleotide polymorphism (rs7853758) was also incorporated as a constant covariate of the delay compartment of amrubicinol. Performance status was considered a covariate of pharmacokinetic (amrubicinol clearance) and pharmacodynamic (mean maturation time) parameters. Twenty‐nine patients with grade 4 neutropenia showed higher amrubicinol area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from 0 to 72 hours (AUC0‐72, P = .01) and shorter overall survival periods than other patients did (P = .01). Using the final population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model, median optimal dose to prevent grade 4 neutropenia aggravation was estimated at 22 (range, 8−40) mg/m2 for these 29 patients. We clarified correlations between area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from 0 to 72 hours of amrubicinol and severity of neutropenia and survival of patients given amrubicin after platinum chemotherapy. This analysis revealed important amrubicin pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic covariates and provided useful information to predict patients who would require prophylactic granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
Face detection in 2‐ to 6‐month‐old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth A. , Maylott Sarah E. , Mitsven Samantha G. , Zeng Guangyu , Jakobsen Krisztina V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHumans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to identify and learn from relevant social stimuli in their environments. Faces with eye contact are an especially salient stimulus, and attention to the eyes in infancy is linked to the emergence of later sociality. Despite the importance of both of these early social skills—attending to faces and attending to the eyes—surprisingly little is known about how they interact. We used eye tracking to explore whether eye contact influences infants' face detection. Longitudinally, we examined 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐month‐olds' (N = 65) visual scanning of complex image arrays with human and animal faces varying in eye contact and head orientation. Across all ages, infants displayed superior detection of faces with eye contact; however, this effect varied as a function of species and head orientation. Infants were more attentive to human than animal faces and were more sensitive to eye and head orientation for human faces compared to animal faces. Unexpectedly, human faces with both averted heads and eyes received the most attention. This pattern may reflect the early emergence of gaze following—the ability to look where another individual looks—which begins to develop around this age. Infants may be especially interested in averted gaze faces, providing early scaffolding for joint attention. This study represents the first investigation to document infants' attention patterns to faces systematically varying in their attentional states. Together, these findings suggest that infants develop early, specialized functional conspecific face detection.
Plasma mtDNA copy numbers are associated with GSTK1 expression and inflammation in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Deng X. , Yang G. , Zheng X. , Yang Y. , Qin H. , Liu Z‐X. , Deng H. , Liu S‐M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsMitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Glutathione S‐transferase kappa 1 (GSTK1) is critical to maintain mitochondrial function and homeostasis. We aimed to investigate whether a potential link exists between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers and inflammation, non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and GSTK1 expression in type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe assessed mtDNA copy numbers in plasma and GSTK1 expression in white blood cells in 123 people with type 2 diabetes and in 121 healthy controls using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). An automatic chemistry or immunoassay analyser was used to determine serum glucose, lipids and inflammatory markers. Multiple linear regression and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations and risks.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, individuals with diabetes showed higher mtDNA copy numbers (t = −3.938, P < 0.001) and lower GSTK1 expression (Z = −2.985, P = 0.002). mtDNA copy number was associated with type 2 diabetes risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.80, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.25–2.58, P = 0.001] after controlling for confounding factors. In individuals with diabetes, mtDNA copy number was negatively associated with GSTK1 expression (β = −0.235, P = 0.036) and positively associated with serum high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) (β = 0.839, P < 0.001), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) (β = 0.549, P < 0.001), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (β = 0.589, P = 0.006) and NEFA (β = 0.001, P = 0.020). In the diabetic group, individuals with an abnormal increase in NEFA, hsCRP, TNF‐α and IL‐6 showed significantly elevated mtDNA copy numbers (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsmtDNA copy numbers in plasma might have an important role in the progression of diabetic chronic inflammation via inhibition of GSTK1 and could be a potential biomarker for type 2 diabetes.