bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Biology Approach for Deciphering Etiological Pathway of Polygenic Diseases: Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tamrakar Rubin M. , Sangami Anushruti , Dangol Sunita , Aryal Pramod 
Published: January 2019

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (OMIM ID: 180300) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease caused by immune reaction against the proliferating synovial fibroblasts. Nonsuppurative proliferation of synoviocytes frequently progresses to destroy the articular cartilages and underlying bone, resulting in permanent disability. Using system biology approach, candidate genes obtained from OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) and its interacting proteins were prioritized on the basis of three Gene Ontology terms (Molecular Function, Cellular component, and Biological Process) employing FunSimMat (Functional Similarity Matrix). Among the many, four prioritized proteins NFκBIL1, HCST, MICA, and MICB were selected. Amongst the prioritized genes, literature review suggested that NFκBIL-1 (Nuclear Factor-κ of B-cell Inhibitor Like protein-1) (UniProtKB ID: Q9UBC1) competes against SR (Ser-Arg) protein, ASF/SF2, in negatively regulating CD45RO gene expression in CD4 T-cells, whose overproduction would lead to cytokine outburst, thus leading to an immunological attack. ASF/SF2 mediated splicing variant, CD45RA, otherwise would have prevented overproduction of these cytokines. Overproduced cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-15 simultaneously induces inflammatory stress in the synovial membrane and activates stress induced MICA/B (UniProtKB ID: Q29983/Q29980) through downstream signaling following TNFR1-TRAF mediated signaling pathway. Synovial expression of MICA/B enables interaction with its ligand NKG2D associated with DAP10 (UniProt KB ID: Q9UBK5) amply present on CD8+ αβ T-cells, CD4+γδ T-cells, and NK cells, thus promoting cytolysis of MICA/B expressing synoviocytes along with further production of cytokines TNF-α and IL-15. Hence, alteration in NFκBIL-1 promoter induces MICA/B expression that leads in production of cytokines could be a probable cause of chronic RA.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(4): 332--338
Reference Intervals (RIs) of Lipid Parameters for Nepalese Population
Authors: Mahato R.V. , Singh R.K. , Dutta A. M. , Ichihara K. , Lamsal M. 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Reference interval (RIs) is the range of values provided by laboratory scientists in a convenient and practical form to support clinician in interpreting observed values for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of a disease. Laboratories in Nepal uses RIs, provided in the kit inserts by the manufacturers or from the scientific literature, established for western/European population. It is well known that population across the globe differs physiologically, genetically; race, ethnically, lifestyle, food habits and diet which have great impact on the reference values. Thus, it is inappropriate to use RIs that do not represent the local population. This approach highlights for establishing reference values in Nepalese population using the IFCC-CRIDL guidelines published in (C28-A3). Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze blood lipids concentration in apparently healthy Nepalese population to set up reference values for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and Low Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and compare with the internationally recommended values. Methods: Reference individuals selected from healthy volunteers according to the IFCC/C-RIDL protocol in (C28 –A3). Volunteers were requested to avoid excessive physical exertion/exercise/excessive eating and drinking and fast overnight for 10-12 hour. Blood samples were collected from 120 subjects from each five centers of the country between 7:00-10:00 am, serum were separated and refrigerated at -20 in a cryo-vials. Finally, 617 samples were transported to Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan for analysis in dry Ice and 30 parameters were measured by fully automated biochemistry analyzer, Beckman Coulter (BC480) in the clinical laboratory. Results: A reference interval for each parameter was calculated from the 95% reference intervals ranging from 2.5% and 97.5% percentiles and, arithmetic mean + 2 SD were also calculated. The 95% reference range for total cholesterol (2.53-6.14), triglyceride was(0.42-3.32),for HDL Cholesterol was (0.28-1.46), for LDL was(1.05-4.00) and for VLDL was (0.054-0.92) for Nepalese population. Conclusion: Nepalese clinicians can take into consideration of reference lipid values of this study for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of disease.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(4): 366-372
Wine Sero-Status of Japanese Encephalitis among Kathmandu and Morang Districts of Nepal
Authors: Chapagain A. , Singh S. , Thapa D.B. , Bhattarai D. 
Published: January 2019

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) a vector borne zoonoitc disease caused by arbovirus of Flavivirus and transmitted by Culex tritaeniorhynchus additionally pig acts as amplifying host for the virus. A total 115 swine serum samples 100 pig farmers from each district were tested against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. The collected samples were analyzed by using “Porcine Encephalitis B Virus Antibody Rapid Test Kit”. Among them 17% samples were positive for JE while 83% samples were negative for JE. Total 18% were positive for JE in Morang district while 115.4% were positive for Kathmandu district. There was no significant difference in prevalence of JE in these two districts (p>0.05). In Kathmandu, the prevalence was 15.4% while in Morang it was slightly higher, 18%. 9.5% younger pigs of 3-9 months of age were positive for JE and 20.6% of age above 9 months were positive of JE but were no significant (p>0.05). Similarly, 17.9% female pigs and 14.6% male pigs were positive for JE however difference was not significantly different. In case of breed, no association of pigs with seropositivity (p>0.05), 7 (13.5%) out of 52 local breed pigs and 12 (19.1%) out of 63 were JE positive. The prevalence rate of JEV was higher in Morang district among study area which might be due to several factors like lack of education in pig farmers, non vaccinated pig population and lack of awareness regarding risk factor of JEV.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(4): 373-378
Isolation, Identification and Mass production of five Trichoderma spp. on Solid and Liquid Carrier Media for Commercialization
Authors: Hewavitharana N. , Kannangara S.D.P. , Senanayake S.P. 
Published: January 2019

Trichoderma spp. are fast growing fungi, widely used as bio-control agents for controlling soil borne diseases of plants, as well as growth promoters. The present investigation was carried out to isolate and identified fast growing Trichoderma spp. and mass production using low cost widely available solid and liquid carrier materials. Several fungal spp. were isolated and colony and microscopic characterization were observed in order to identify Trichoderma to generic levels following identification keys. Fast growing Trichoderma spp. were confirmed up to species level following ITS-PCR and sequencing. Identified five Trichoderma spp. were inoculated in solid (coir dust, saw dust and parboiled rice) and liquid (coconut water and rice washed water) carrier materials separately under sterile conditions. Viability and stability of each Trichoderma spp. was tested for 180 days at 40 days intervals by calculating the colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). Twelve Trichoderma isolates were identified up to generic level and five Trichoderma isolates were identified as fast growing species based on their growth rates. Following molecular characterization, identities of these five Trichoderma spp. were confirmed as T. viride, T. asperellum, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum and T. harzianum. Trichoderma spp. incubated in solid carrier materials showed higher (106 CFU/ml) values than the liquid carrier materials (104 CFU/ml) after 180th days and it was significantly different. The highest stabilization potential was recorded for parboiled rice (5 x 106 – 8 x 106 CFU/ml) from day 20th to180th for all five Trichoderma spp. Locally available solid and liquid substrates can be used for the mass multiplication of selected Trichoderma spp. to maintain the viability and virulence for long term commercial availability.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(4): 285-293
Economics of Potato Production in Rural Area of Ilam District, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Keshav Prasad , Adhikari Surya Prasad , Yadav Surendra 
Published: January 2019

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is grown worldwide in more than 150 countries of the world as staple food including Nepal. It is important food crops for food security and fourth most important staple food in Nepal. It contributes 2.17 in Gross Domestic Products and 6.57 in Agriculture Gross Domestic Products. The NARC has established Agriculture Research Station in Jaubari Ilam in 2014 and conducting research mainly on potato. The main objective of this study was to identify the situation of potato cultivation in the vicinity of station and suggest future activities on potato research. The field study was conducted in surroundings of five locations of the station in the hills and mountain area. In each location 35 potato growing respondents were selected randomly for the semi-structured questionnaire survey. One focus group discussion was also made in each location for the triangulation of the household information. Data were analyzed using SPSS, Strata and excel software. The result shows that the average landholding of the respondents was 2.25 ha on which they used 0.218 ha for the potato and produce average of 1208 kg. The productivity in the area was 5.6 tons which is only about 40% of the national and district productivity. It was due to the use of local variety having low yielding and susceptible to disease like wart, late blight, and scab. The benefit cost of local cultivar found 0.68 whereas improved varieties 1.73. The regression model analysis shows that if improved variety planted by the farmers, there will be 21% increased production. Similarly, training also influence on increase the productivity by 33% whereas the membership of cooperative and group increases 34% of production.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(4): 344-350
Pengaruh Pemberian Berbagai Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Urine Kambing Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)
Authors: Nanda Elgi , Mardiana Siti , Pane Erwin 
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi pupuk organik cair urine kambing yang tepat terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung manis. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) non faktorial yang teridiri dari 5 perlakuan yaitu P0 = 0 %, P1= 5 %, P2= 10 %, P3= 15 % dan P4= 20 %. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman (cm), diameter batang (mm), jumlah daun (helai), bobot tongkol berkelobot per plot (g), bobot tongkol berkelobot per tanaman (g), bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot (g), diameter tongkol (g), persentase panjang tongkol berisi (%) dan produksi tongkol berkelobot per hektar (ton). Dari hasil yang telah didapat, diketahui bahwa pemberian berbagai konsentrasi pupuk organik cair urine kambing berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan tinggi tanaman (cm), diameter batang (mm), bobot tongkol berkelobot per plot (g), bobot tongkol berkelobot per tanaman (g), bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot (g), diameter tongkol (mm) dan produksi tongkol berkelobot per hektar (ton). Pemberian berbagai konsentrasi pupuk organik cair urine kambing berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap jumlah daun (helai) dan persentase panjang tongkol berisi (%). Hasil terbaik untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung manis adalah pada perlakuan P3 yaitu pada konsentrasi 15 % pupuk organik cair urine kambing.
Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Kacang Kedelai (Glycine Max (L) Merril) Dengan Pemberian Sekam Padi Dan Pupuk Hormon Tanaman Unggul (Hantu)
Authors: Rosanti Rosanti , Rahman Abdul , Noer Zulhery 
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Sekam Padi dan Pupuk Hantu terhadap pertumbuhan kacang Kedelai (<em>Glycine max</em> (L)<em> </em>Merril). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial yang terdiri 2 faktor, yaitu: 1. Faktor perlakuan Pupuk Hantu ( notasi N ), dengan tiga taraf perlakuan yaitu: N<sub>1 </sub>= 2cc/liter; N<sub>2 </sub>= 4cc/liter; N<sub>3 </sub>= 6cc/ liter; dan 2. Faktor perlakuan Sekam Padi ( notasi P ) dengan empat taraf perlakuan yaitu: P<sub>0 </sub>= 0 kg/plot; P<sub>1</sub>=<sub> </sub>2 kg/plot; P<sub>2 </sub>= 4 kg/plot; P<sub>3 </sub>= 6 kg/plot. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) Pemberian sekam padi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai yakni parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan jumlah cabang pada umur 2, 4, 6 MST, dan produksi kedelai yakni berat 1000 biji, produksi per tanaman sampel dan produksi perplot. 2) Pemberian pupuk Hantu tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai yakni parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan jumlah cabang pada umur 2, 4, 6 MST, dan produksi kedelai yakni berat 1000 biji, produksi per tanaman sampel, dan produksi perplot. 3) Interaksi pemberian sekam padi dan pupuk Hantu tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai yakni parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan jumlah cabang pada umur 2, 4, 6 MST, dan produksi tanaman yakni berat 1000 biji, produksi per tanaman sampel, dan produksi per plot.
Pengendalian Hama Penggerek Bonggol Pisang (Cosmopolites sordidus. Germar) Dan Penggerek Batang Pisang (Odoiphorus longicollis. Olivier) Dengan Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Syahputra Agung , Suswati Suswati , Indrawati Asmah 
Published: January 2019

<p class="8AbstrakBahasaIndonesia">Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali informasi tentang kemampuan cendawan <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> dalam mengurangi intensitas serangan penggerek bonggol dan penggerek batang pisang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Lao Sambo, Kecamatan STM Hulu Kabupaten Deli Serdang, dengan ketinggian tempat 150 mdpl. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 6 taraf perlakuan, 4 ulangan, perlakuan adalah aplikasi jenis B. bassiana dengan dosis rekomendasi. sebagai berikut : A0 = 0 konidia/ml, A1 = 10<sup>2 </sup>konidia/ml, A2 = 10<sup>4 </sup>konidia/ml, A3 = 10<sup>6</sup> konidia/ml, A4 = 10<sup>8 </sup>A5 = sipermetrin 0,5cc/ml. Parameter yang diamati meliputi mortalitas C.sordidus dan O.longicollis<strong> </strong>dan efektifitas dosis B.bassiana. C.sordidus Germar dan O.longicollis Oliver yang terperangkap lebih didominasi oleh trap A0 (kontrol) 75 % sedangkan A1 (suspensi 10<sup>2</sup>/ml) 0 %, A2 (suspensi 10<sup>4</sup>/ml) 14,29 %, A3 (suspensi 10<sup>6</sup>/ml) 0 %, A4 (suspensi 10<sup>8</sup>/ml) 10,71 %, dan A5 (Sipermetrin 0,5cc/ml) 0 % imago. Sedangkan O.longicollis pada trap A0 (kontrol) 39,13 % sedangkan A1 (suspensi 10<sup>2</sup>/ml) 34,78 %, A2 (suspensi 10<sup>4</sup>/ml) 0 %, A3 (suspensi 10<sup>6</sup>/ml) 21,74%, A4 (suspensi 10<sup>8</sup>/ml) 4,35% ekor, dan A5(Sipermetrin 0,5 ml) 0 % imago.<strong> </strong>Penggunaan suspensi jamur B.bassiana sangat berpengaruh nyata terhadap C.sordidus Germar dan O.longicollis Oliver yang terperangkap pada trap.<strong></strong></p>
Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Kandang Sapi Dan Super Bokasi Aos Amino Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan produksi Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Sarianti Nilma , Gusmeizal Gusmeizal , Aziz Rizal 
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk kandang sapi dan Super Bokasi AOS Amino memberikan pengaruh yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang hijau. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Medan Area yang berlokasi di jalan Kolam No.1 Medan Estate. Penelitian ini di laksanakan bulan Mei sampai bulan Juli 2015, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial, dengan dua ulangan, 16 kombinasi. Faktor pertama yaitu pupuk kandang sapi yaitu S0 = tanpa pupuk kandang sapi, S1 = pupuk kandang pada dosis 2,25 kg per plot, S2 = pupuk kandang sapi pada dosis 4,5 kg per plot, S3= pupuk kandang sapi pada dosis 6,75 kg per plot. Faktor kedua adalah Super Bokasi AOS Amino yaitu A0 = Tanpa pemberian AOS Amino, A1= AOS Amino pada konsentrasi 0,375 %, A2 = AOS Amino pada konsentrasi 0,75 %, A3= AOS Amino pada konsentrasi 1,13 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan dosis pupuk kandang sapi ( S ) nyata meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan berat basah per 100 biji tanaman sampel kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.) varietas vima-1.Perlakuan konsentrasi pupuk super bokasi AOS Amino (A) nyata meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.) varietas vima-1. Serta perlakuan dosis pupuk kandang sapi dan konsentrasi pupuk super bokasi AOS Amino (SA) nyata meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.) varietas vima-1.
Pengaruh Pemberian Biochar Dan Pupuk Bregadium Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis L)
Authors: Musnoi Adi , Hutapea Sumihar , Aziz Rizal 
Published: January 2019

Indonesia memiliki peluang untuk mengembangkan tanaman sayur-sayuran yang banyak bermanfaat bagi manusia. Sehingga ditinjau dari aspek klimatologis Indonesia sangat tepat untuk dikembangkan budidaya sayuran secara organik yaitu dengan memanfaatkan biomasa dari sisa-sisa tanaman berupa “Biochar dan pupuk Bregadium”. Penelitian tentang pengaruh pemberian biochar dan pupuk bregadium terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sawi hijau <em>(brassica pekinensia </em><em>L)</em> dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Universitas Medan Area yang dimulai dari bulan Juli sampai bulan September 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Biochar dan pupuk Bregadium Nutritions Gel UX-88 yang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sawi hijau. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 9 kombinasi perlakuan dan di ulang sebanyak 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Pemberian biochar memberikan pengaruh yang nyata untuk parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, tanaman sampel, berat tanaman per plot untuk parameter berat akar tanaman sampel dan berat akar tanaman per plot menunjukan tidak berbeda nyata , sedangkan untuk Pemberian pupuk cair bregadium memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata untuk semua parameter yang diamati tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, tanaman sampel, berat tanaman per plot,berat akar tanaman sampel dan berat akar tanaman per plot.
Karakteristik CEO Dan Kinerja Perusahaan Non-Keuangan Yang Teraftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Sudana I Made , Dwiputri Elka 
Published: January 2019

The purpose from this research is to test the effect from CEO characteristics towards firm performance. CEO characteristics was proxied with founder CEO, ownership, tenure, and education. Firm performance was proxied with Tobin’s Q. The sample from this research are every non-financial firm that have been listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2010 – 2015 period. The method from this research is purposive sampling with analysis technique model multiple linier regression. The result from this research showed that founder CEO, CEO ownership, CEO tenure have a positive significant effect towards firm’s performance or Tobin’s Q.

Keywords : CEO Characteristics, Firm Performance
Pengaruh growth opportunity, profitabilitas dan struktur modal terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan dividen sebagai variabel intervening pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI pada periode 2014-2017
Authors: Nur Triasesiarta 
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh growth opportunity, struktur modal, profitabilitas terhadap kebijakan dividen, dan pengaruh dari growth opportunity, struktur modal, profitabilitas, dan kebijakan dividen terhadap nilai perusahaan. Dengan menggunakan sampel sebanyak 42 perusahaan manufaktur yang sahamnya terdaftar pada BEI pada periode 2014-2017 atau sebanyak 192 observasi. Dengan menggunakan analisis jalur melalui penerapan analisis partial least square, diperoleh hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa growth opportunity, struktur modal dan profitabilitas signifikan mempengaruhi kebijakan dividen. Sementara hanya growth opportunity yang signifikan mempengaruhi nilai perusahaan. Kebijakan dividen tidak signifikan mengintervensi pengaruh growth opportunity, struktur modal dan profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan.

Keywords : growth opportunity, profitabilitas, struktur modal, nilai perusahaan, variable intervensi, partial least square.
Pengaruh Potongan Harga, Bonus Kemasan, Tampilan dalam Toko terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Impulsif.
Authors: Kristiawan Allen , Gunawan Ika , Vinsensius Vinsensius 
Published: January 2019

The competition among retail owners cannot be avoided, with various promotions offered, retailers are competing to win the hearts of consumers. The more new companies appear, the more offered products on the market. Of course this situation makes it easier for producers to market their products and for retailers themselves they will always compete to do more creative things in an effort to attract potential consumers. Price discounts and bonus packs are the most widely used sales promotions, both online and offline sales (Chen, Marmorstein, Tsiro, & Rao, 2012; Dawson & Kim 2009). In-store Display (display in store) is the layout of goods by taking into account the elements of grouping of types and uses of goods, neatness and beauty so that it seems attractive and directs consumers to see, encourage, and decide to buy (Ngadiman 2008: 329). The population of this research is consumers of hypermarkets and supermarkets in the city of Bandung. The sample in this study are consumers who shop at Carrefour hypermarkets and Yogya supermarkets. The statistical method used in this study is multiple regression. Based on the results of the statistics carried out, the results obtained for Carrefour hypermarkets for bonus packaging have no effect and in Yogya supermarkets the price discount has no effect on impulsive purchases.

Keywords: Discounted prices, Bonus packaging, In-store display, Impulsive purchases.