bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical equilibration across a quenched phase transition in a trapped quantum gas
Authors: Liu I.-K. , Donadello S. , Lamporesi G. , Ferrari G. , Gou S.-C. , Dalfovo F. , Proukakis N. P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe formation of an equilibrium state from an uncorrelated thermal one through the dynamical crossing of a phase transition is a central question of quantum many-body physics. During such crossing, the system breaks its symmetry by establishing numerous uncorrelated regions separated by spontaneously generated defects, whose emergence obeys a universal scaling law with quench duration. The ensuing re-equilibrating or “coarse-graining” stage is governed by the evolution and interactions of such defects under system-specific and external constraints. We perform a detailed numerical characterisation of the entire non-equilibrium process associated with the Bose–Einstein condensation phase transition in a three-dimensional gas of ultracold atoms, addressing subtle issues and demonstrating the quench-induced decoupling of condensate atom number and coherence growth during the re-equilibration process. Our findings agree, in a statistical sense, with experimental observations made at the later stages of the quench, and provide valuable information and useful dynamical visualisations in currently experimentally inaccessible regimes.
Freshwater macroinvertebrate samples from a water quality monitoring network in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Escribano Nora , Oscoz Javier , Galicia David , Cancellario Tommaso , Durán Concha , Navarro Patricia , Ariño Arturo H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis dataset gathers information about the macroinvertatebrate samples and environmental variables collected on rivers of the Ebro River Basin (NE Iberian Peninsula), the second largest catchment in the Iberian Peninsula. The collection is composed of 1,776 sampling events carried out between 2005 and 2015 at more than 400 sampling sites. This dataset is part of a monitoring network set up by the Ebro Hydrographic Confederation, the official body entrusted with the care of the basin, to fulfill the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive. Biological indices based on the freshwater macroinvertebrate communities were used to evaluate the ecological status of the water bodies within the basin. Samples were qualitatively screened for all occurring taxa. Then, all individuals from all taxa in a quantitative subsample of each sample were counted. Biological indices were calculated to estimate water quality at each sampling site. All samples are kept at the Museum of Zoology of the University of Navarra.
Applied magnetic field effect on core mode properties of MFPCF
Authors: Coşkun Seyhan , Öztürk Yavuz , Kahraman Gokalp 
Published: June 2018

The work investigates a magnetic fluid filled photonic crystal fibre (MFPCF) at 1557 nm under applied magnetic field. They computed the refractive index change of the MF due to the magnetic field and used it in simulations to find the effective refractive indices of the core and the first cladding modes of the MFPCF. Then, they analytically computed the effective mode area and the confinement loss. The effective refraction index of the core mode increasing by 0.0341% under the applied field of 0–500 Oe, increases the effective mode area by 128% and the confinement loss by 866%. Thus, a rather small change in the effective refractive index gives rise to a rather large change in confinement loss. However, this effect saturates after about 500 Oe because the MF nanoparticles no longer change their magnetic orientation. It is also noteworthy that the confinement loss changes almost linearly with the effective area as the magnetic field change. These results suggest that MFPCF are suitable for a tunable attenuator and a field sensor.
Rapid prototyping of PET microfluidic chips by laser ablation and water‐soaking bonding method
Authors: Yin Zhifu 
Published: June 2018

The solution to the commercialisation of polymer microfluidic chips lies in the chosen of a low‐cost and concise method. CO2 laser is an excellent tool for ablating arbitrary‐shaped microchannels in most of thermoplastics. However, upheaval area is usually generates along the microchannel due to high temperature during laser ablation process which leads to the difficulty in fully bonding polymer microchannels. In this work, a new bonding method for fully bonding uneven substrates with homogenous surface property was developed based on water‐soaking treatment. To prevent edge separating, an extra laser welding on the lateral of the chip was conducted. The influence of laser current on the width and depth of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) microchannel was investigated. The mechanism of water‐soaking bonding was explained and the parameters of this method were optimised. The experiments showed that PET chip can be fully bonded without any block or leakage and the bonding strength of PET chip can be as high as 3.4 MPa.
Absolute velocity measurements in sunspot umbrae
Authors: Löhner-Böttcher J. , Schmidt W. , Schlichenmaier R. , Doerr H.-P. , Steinmetz T. , Holzwarth R. 
Published: June 2018

Context. In sunspot umbrae, convection is largely suppressed by the strong magnetic field. Previous measurements reported on negligible convective flows in umbral cores. Based on this, numerous studies have taken the umbra as zero reference to calculate Doppler velocities of the ambient active region.Aims. We aim to clarify the amount of convective motion in the darkest part of umbrae, by directly measuring Doppler velocities with an unprecedented accuracy and precision.Methods. We performed spectroscopic observations of sunspot umbrae with the Laser Absolute Reference Spectrograph (LARS) at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope. A laser frequency comb enabled the calibration of the high-resolution spectrograph and absolute wavelength positions for 13 observation sequences. A thorough spectral calibration, including the measurement of the reference wavelength, yielded Doppler shifts of the spectral line Ti I5713.9 Å with an uncertainty of around 5 m s−1. A bisector analysis gave the depth-dependent line asymmetry.Results. The measured Doppler shifts are a composition of umbral convection and magneto-acoustic waves. For the analysis of convective shifts, we temporally averaged each sequence to reduce the superimposed wave signal. Compared to convective blueshifts of up to −350 m s−1in the quiet Sun, sunspot umbrae yield strongly reduced convective blueshifts around −30 m s−1. We find that the velocity in a sunspot umbra correlates significantly with the magnetic field strength, but also with the umbral temperature defining the depth of the Ti I5713.9 Å line. The vertical upward motion decreases with increasing field strength. Extrapolating the linear approximation to zero magnetic field reproduces the measured quiet Sun blueshift. In the same manner, we find that the convective blueshift decreases as a function of increasing line depth.Conclusions. Simply taking the sunspot umbra as a zero velocity reference for the calculation of photospheric Dopplergrams can imply a systematic velocity error reaching 100 m s−1, or more. Setting up a relationship between vertical velocities and magnetic field strength provides a remedy for solar spectropolarimetry. We propose a novel approach of substantially increasing the accuracy of the Doppler velocities of a sunspot region by including the magnetic field information to define the umbral reference velocity.
Optical and UV surface brightness of translucent dark nebulae
Authors: Mattila K. , Haas M. , Haikala L. K. , Jo Y-S. , Lehtinen K. , Leinert Ch. , Väisänen P. 
Published: June 2018

Context. Dark nebulae display a surface brightness because dust grains scatter light of the general interstellar radiation field (ISRF). High-galactic-latitudes dark nebulae are seen as bright nebulae when surrounded by transparent areas which have less scattered light from the general galactic dust layer.
Aims. Photometry of the bright dark nebulae LDN 1780, LDN 1642, and LBN 406 shall be used to derive scattering properties of dust and to investigate the presence of UV fluorescence emission by molecular hydrogen and the extended red emission (ERE).
Methods. We used multi-wavelength optical photometry and imaging at ground-based telescopes and archival imaging and spectroscopic UV data from the spaceborn GALEX and SPEAR/FIMS instruments. In the analysis we used Monte Carlo RT and both observational data and synthetic models for the ISRF in the solar neighbourhood. The line-of-sight extinctions through the clouds have been determined using near infrared excesses of background stars and the 200/250 μm far infrared emission by dust as measured using the ISO and Herschel space observatories.
Results. The optical surface brightness of the three target clouds can be explained in terms of scattered light. The dust albedo ranges from ~0.58 at 3500 Å to ~0.72 at 7500 Å. The spectral energy distribution of LDN 1780 is explained in terms of optical depth and background scattered light effects instead of the original published suggestion in terms of ERE. The far-ultraviolet surface brightness of LDN 1780 cannot be explained by scattered light only. In LDN 1780, H2 fluorescent emission in the wavelength range 1400–1700 Å has been detected and analysed.
Conclusions. Our albedo values are in good agreement with the predictions of the dust model of Weingartner and Draine and with the THEMIS CMM model for evolved core-mantle grains. The distribution of H2 fluorescent emission in LDN 1780 shows a pronounced dichotomy with a strong preference for its southern side where enhanced illumination is impinging from the Sco OB2 association and the O star ζ Oph. A good correlation is found between the H2 fluorescence and a previously mapped 21-cm excess emission. The H2 fluorescence emission in LDN 1780 has been modelled using a PDR code; the resulting values for H2 column density and the total gas density are consistent with the estimates derived from CO observations and optical extinction along the line of sight.
Antigravity ESD – double-balloon-assisted underwater with traction hybrid technique
Authors: Sharma Sam , Hiratsuka Takahiro , Hara Hisashi , Milsom Jeffrey 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Complex colorectal polyps or those positioned in difficult anatomic locations are an endoscopic therapeutic challenge. Underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection (UESD) is a potential technical solution to facilitate efficient polyp removal. In addition, endoscopic tissue retraction has been confined to limited methods of varying efficacy and complexity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a unique UESD technique for removing complex polyps using double-balloon-assisted retraction (R).
Materials and methods Using fresh ex-vivo porcine rectum, 4-cm polyps were created using electrosurgery and positioned at “6 o’clock” within an established ESD model. Six resections were performed in each group. Underwater techniques were facilitated using a novel double-balloon platform (Dilumen, Lumendi, Westport, Connecticut, United States).Three different polypectomy methods were compared: 1. UESD with retraction (UESD-R), 2. UESD, 3. Traditional cap-assisted ESD technique.
Results UESD-R had a significantly shorter total procedural time than cap-assisted ESD and UESD alone (24 vs. 58 vs. 56 mins). UESD-R produced a dissection time on average of 5 minutes, attributed to the retraction provided. There was also a subjective significant reduction in electrosurgical smoke with the underwater techniques contributing to improved visualization.
Conclusions Here we report the first ex-vivo experience of a unique double-balloon endoscopic platform optimized for UESD with tissue traction capability. UESD-R removed complex lesions in significantly shorter time than conventional means. The combined benefits of UESD and retraction appeared to be additive when tackling complex polyps and should be studied further.
Standards in der Nachbehandlung nach vorderem Kreuzbandersatz im deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Valle Christina , Hirschmüller Anja , Schmitt-Sody Marcus , Haller Bernhard , Keller Matthias , Schoch Wolfgang , Hoffman Helmut , Minzlaff Philipp 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Nachbehandlung nach Rekonstruktion des vorderen Kreuzbandes (VKB) ist nach wie vor ein kontrovers diskutiertes Thema. Die existierenden Nachbehandlungsschemata unterscheiden sich teils erheblich, unter anderem da bei einigen Aspekten noch kein Nachweis einer optimalen Vorgehensweise existiert. Das Ziel dieser Befragung war es zu untersuchen, wie die Nachbehandlung nach VKB-Ersatzim deutschsprachigen Raum von Ausbildern für arthroskopische Kniegelenksoperationen mit besonderer Expertise empfohlen wird und dies mit der aktuellen Literatur zu vergleichen.
Material und Methoden Es wurde eine strukturierte anonyme Online-Umfrage an Instruktoren der Gesellschaft für Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie (AGA) zur Nachbehandlung nach operativer Versorgung der isolierten Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes durchgeführt. Der Fragebogen enthielt 23 geschlossene Fragen mit teils mehrfacher Antwortmöglichkeit.
Ergebnisse Bei 218 befragten Operateuren konnten 117 vollständig beantwortete Fragebögen analysiert werden. 96,5 % der Operateure geben die Vollbelastung nach spätestens 4 Wochen frei, 52,6 % limitieren die Beugung und 9,7 % die Streckung des Kniegelenks nach der Operation. Eine Orthese wird von 82,8 % verordnet, überwiegend mit einem harten Rahmen. In den ersten 6 Wochen werden v. a. isometrisches Training und Übungen in geschlossener Kette empfohlen. Fahrradfahren wird von 78,5 % und Autofahren von 86,2 % der Befragten spätestens nach 6 Wochen wieder erlaubt.Die Mehrheit der befragten Operateure erlaubt Joggen (65,5 %) und Sprungsportarten (67,0 %) nach 3 Monaten, Alpinskifahren (53,0 %) sowie Kontakt- und Mannschaftssport wird oftmals nach 12 Monaten freigegeben (55,2 % und 46,2 %). 82,6 % der Befragten wünschen sich eine praxistaugliche Return-to-sport-Testbatterie.
Schlussfolgerung Auch bei erfahrenen Kreuzbandoperateuren kommen nach wie vor viele unterschiedliche postoperative Nachbehandlungschemata und -empfehlungen zur Anwendung. Oft entspricht die gängige Praxis dabei nicht den Empfehlungen der aktuellen Literatur. Obwohl der Einsatz von Orthesen keinen nachweislichen Vorteil bringt, schützen die Mehrzahl der Operateure das von ihnen operierte Gelenk mittels Hartrahmenschiene und die Trainingsempfehlungen entsprechen oft nicht der Evidenz.
Wearing Colored Glasses can Influence Exercise Performance and Testosterone concentration?
Authors: Londe André , Marocolo Moacir , Marocolo Isabela , Fisher James , Neto Octavio , Souza Markus , da Mota Gustavo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPerception of red color is associated with higher testosterone concentration and better human performance. Thus, we evaluated the acute effects of wearing colored-lens glasses on the YoYo intermittent endurance exercise test 2 (YoYoIE2) performance indicators and testosterone concentration. Ten soccer players performed three YoYoIE2 (counterbalanced crossover) wearing colorless (control), blue- or red-lensed glasses (2–4 days of rest in between). YoYoIE2 performance did not differ among the trials (p>0.05), but blood testosterone increased post-exercise in red compared to red baseline (red=14%, effect size=0.75). Analysis showed faster heart rate recovery (p<0.05) at 1 min post-test for blue compared to red lenses. Rating of perceived exertion and blood lactate concentration did not differ (p>0.05) among the trials. Wearing red-colored lenses during high-intensity intermittent exercise increased testosterone concentration, but do not influence performance.
The Occurrence of Repeated High Acceleration Ability (RHAA) in Elite Youth Football
Authors: Serpiello Fabio , Duthie Grant , Moran Codey , Kovacevic Damian , Selimi Erch , Varley Matthew 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Repeated High-Acceleration Ability (RHAA) bouts in elite youth football games using 10-Hz GPS devices and two relative thresholds derived from players’ actual maximal acceleration. Thirty-six outfield soccer players (age 14.9±0.6 years) participated in the study. Players wore 10-Hz GPS units during 41 official games. High accelerations were defined as efforts commencing above a threshold corresponding to 70% (T70%) or 80% (T80%) of the average 5-m acceleration obtained during a 40-m sprint test; RHAA bouts were defined as ≥3 efforts with ≤45 s recovery between efforts. Results were analysed via generalised linear mixed model and magnitude-based inferential statistics. On average, 8.0±4.6 and 5.1±3.5 bouts were detected in an entire game using T70% and T80%, respectively. When all positions were analysed together, there was a very-likely small difference in the number of RHAA bouts between first and second half for T70% and T80%, respectively. RHAA bouts occur frequently in elite youth football, with small differences between halves and between playing positions within the first or second half in most variables assessed.
Hepatic Dendritic Cells, the Tolerogenic Liver Environment, and Liver Disease
Authors: Dou Lei , Ono Yoshihiro , Chen Yi-fa , Chen Xiao-ping , Thomson Angus W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe unique liver immune microenvironment favors resistance to inflammation that promotes normal physiological function. At the same time, it endows the liver with tolerogenic properties that may promote pathological processes. Hepatic dendritic cells (HDCs) initiate and orchestrate immune responses depending on signals they receive from the local environment and are thought to contribute to liver tolerance. Thus, HDCs facilitate impaired T cell responses that are observed in persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, hepatocellular carcinoma progression, and liver allograft transplantation. HDCs also participate in anti-inflammatory responses in liver ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Moreover, they promote the regression of fibrosis from various fibrogenic liver injuries. These findings suggest that HDCs regulate intrahepatic immune responses, allowing the liver to maintain homeostasis and integrity even under pathological conditions. This review focuses on the tolerogenic properties of HDCs based on recent research and in relation to liver disease pathogenesis and its therapy.
Minimally Invasive Management of Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Ritter Kaitlin , Claridge Jeffrey , El-Hayek Kevin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractManagement of traumatic abdominal injuries has traditionally relied upon a combination of systematic physical examination, image-guided evaluation, clinical judgment, and, when necessary, maximally invasive surgical intervention. Advances in the fields of interventional radiology, endoscopy, and laparoscopy have altered these traditional treatment algorithms. As growth of these techniques continues, an increasing number of minimally invasive strategies are available to clinicians for the management of abdominal trauma. Here reviewed is a brief overview of minimally invasive strategies for the management of non–solid organ abdominal trauma with a focus on new, minimally invasive diagnostic and treatment tools.
Role of Image-Guided Percutaneous Drainage in Pancreatic Collections
Authors: Samadi Katayoun , Arellano Ronald 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAcute pancreatitis is one of the major gastrointestinal conditions that lead to around 300,000 hospital admissions per year in the United States. While mild inflammation of the pancreas is often managed conservatively, progression of the disease process to necrosis significantly increases the overall morbidity and mortality and often requires surgical or other interventional techniques for management. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of percutaneous drainage for the management of complicated pancreatitis.
Noninferiority Clinical Trials: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Authors: Lesaffre Emmanuel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor decades, the superiority trial has been the most popular design to assess the efficacy of newly developed drugs in a randomized controlled clinical trial. In a superiority trial, the aim is to show that the new (experimental) treatment is better than the standard treatment or placebo. However, it becomes increasingly difficult to improve the efficacy upon that of existing drugs. For this reason, noninferiority designs have been suggested. In a noninferiority study, one aims to show that the experimental treatment does not lower the efficacy of the standard treatment too much, but this loss of efficacy should be compensated by other better properties. In this article, the design, aims, and properties of the superiority and the noninferiority trial are contrasted and illustrated on recently published studies to treat patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The author discusses the reasons why noninferiority studies are becoming popular, but also why the results of noninferiority studies may be difficult to interpret and can be easily misused. Since only a few noninferiority studies in hepatocellular cancer have been organized, also examples from other therapeutic areas were taken. Finally, it is indicated how to appreciate the qualities of published noninferiority studies.
Elektrophoretische Untersuchungen der verschiedenen Gerinnungsfaktoren des Blutes
Authors: Gouttas A , Tsevrenis H , Priovolos J , Fessas Ph , Rombos K , Mandalaki T 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungWir haben elektrophoretische Untersuchungen der Gerinnungsfaktoren mit der Methode der Papierelektrophorese durchgeführt. Dabei konnten wir feststellen, daß die Wanderungsorte dieser Faktoren auf dem elektrophoretischen Streifen folgende sind:1. Das Prothrombin wandert zum α-Globulin und bleibt zwischen diesem und dem Albumin liegen.2. der Faktor V (Proaccelerin), der Faktor VII (Prokonvertin), der Anti-Hämophilie-Faktor A und der Antihämophilie-Faktor B sind zwischen β- und γ-Globulin näher am ß-Globulin zu finden.3. Der fehlende Faktor bei zwei hämophilieähnlichen Fällen, welche weder zur Form A noch zur Form A gehören, und bei denen wahrscheinlich der P. T. F.-D- oder ein anderer auch temperaturempfindlicher Faktor fehlt (da eine Hämophilie C ebenfalls mit Wahrscheinlichkeit auszuschließen ist), besteht aus zwei Fraktionen, wie die elektrophoretischen Untersuchungen ergaben. Die eine nimmt bei der Elektrophorese eine Stelle zwischen β- und γ-Globulin und die andere zwischen β- und α-Globulin ein.
A Case of Unusual Obstetric Coagulopathy
Authors: Zilliacus Harry 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA case of unusual obstetric coagulopathy is described. A woman near term of a normal pregnancy contracted severe damage to muscles and other tissues. The infant, placenta and uterine function remained unimpaired.Subsequently to the trauma the patient developed transitoric myoglobinuria and three days later after an otherwise normal delivery a severe hemorrhage occured, which was caused by hypofibrinogenemia. A possible fibrinogenolytic part in this condition is discussed.A lower nephron nephrosis syndrome developed, which was similar to the syndrome in abruptio placentae. It is considered that the hypofibrinogenemia in this case developed on the basis of a defibrination and dissemination of fibrin in the sense of Schneider.