bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOUSE PRICES AND CONSUMPTION INEQUALITY
Authors: Etheridge Ben 
Published: April 2019

AbstractI characterize how house price shocks affect consumption inequality using a life cycle model of housing and nonhousing consumption with incomplete markets. I derive analytical expressions for the dynamics of inequalities and use these to analyze large house prices swings seen in the United Kingdom. I show that movements in consumption inequality were large, that they correspond with the theoretical predictions qualitatively, and that the model explains a large fraction of the movements quantitatively. I demonstrate the accuracy of this analysis using an extended model's full nonlinear solution. Finally, accounting for house price shocks alters estimates of labor–income risks using cross‐sectional data.
Elevated D‐dimer levels predict adverse outcomes in hospitalised elderly patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Yan Wei , Liu Jixuan , Liu Haiyan , Lu Jinhua , Chen Jingyun , Rong Ren , Song Linnan , Tang Haiying , Li Jianzhong , He Kunlun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundElevated D‐dimer levels have been associated with poor outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease.AimTo study this association in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).MethodsWe analysed 1355 elderly patients who were admitted with CHF. All patients had D‐dimer levels measured within the first 24 h following admission. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the variables associated with chronic kidney disease. We used Cox regression analysis to assess the multivariable relationship between the D‐dimer and subsequent all‐cause death.ResultsIn the multiple logistic regression analysis, the D‐dimer was identified as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (odds ratio = 1.278, 95% confidence interval 1.138 to 1.436, P < 0.001). The optimal cut‐off level for D‐dimer to predict all‐cause death was found to be >885 ng/mL. In the multivariate Cox proportional‐hazards model, a D‐dimer level >885 ng/mL remained significantly associated with all‐cause death (hazard ratio = 2.003, 95% confidence interval 1.334 to 3.010, P = 0.001). Additional analyses revealed that higher D‐dimer levels were associated with an increased risk of all‐cause death irrespective of the subtype of heart failure (including heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction).ConclusionIn elderly patients with CHF, measurement of D‐dimer levels may help to risk stratify these patients, and high D‐dimer levels might be regarded as a warning sign to intensify therapy.
Get with the guidelines: management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in emergency departments in Europe and Australasia is sub‐optimal
Authors: Kelly Anne‐Maree , Van Meer Oene , Keijzers Gerben , Motiejunaite Justina , Jones Peter , Body Richard , Craig Simon , Karamercan Mehmet , Klim Sharon , Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Verschuren Franck , Holdgate Anna , Christ Michael , Golea Adela , Graham Colin A. , Capsec Jean , Barletta Cinzia , Garcia‐Castrillo Luis , Kuan Win S. , Laribi Said ,   on behalf of the AANZDEM and EuroDEM Study Groups
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundExacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common in emergency departments (ED). Guidelines recommend administration of inhaled bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids and antibiotics along with non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) for patients with respiratory acidosis.AimTo determine compliance with guideline recommendations for patients treated for COPD in ED in Europe (EUR) and South East Asia/Australasia (SEA) and to compare management and outcomes.MethodsIn each region, an observational prospective cohort study was performed that included patients presenting to ED with the main complaint of dyspnoea during three 72‐h periods. This planned sub‐study included those with an ED primary discharge diagnosis of COPD. Data were collected on demographics, clinical features, treatment, disposition and in‐hospital mortality. We determined overall compliance with guideline recommendations and compared treatments and outcome between regions.ResultsA total of 801 patients was included from 122 ED (66 EUR and 46 SEA). Inhaled bronchodilators were administered to 80.3% of patients, systemic corticosteroids to 59.5%, antibiotics to 44 and 60.6% of patients with pH <7.3 received NIV. The proportion administered systemic corticosteroids was higher in SEA (EUR vs SEA for all comparisons; 52 vs 66%, P < 0.001) as was administration of antibiotics (40 vs 49%, P = 0.02). Rates of NIV and mechanical ventilation were similar. Overall in‐hospital mortality was 4.2% (SEA 3.9% vs EUR 4.5%, P = 0.77).ConclusionCompliance with guideline recommended treatments, in particular administration of corticosteroids and NIV, was sub‐optimal in both regions. Improved compliance has the potential to improve patient outcome.
Inbreeding alters context‐dependent reproductive effort and immunity in male crickets
Authors: Duffield Kristin R. , Hampton Kylie J. , Houslay Thomas M. , Hunt John , Sadd Ben M. , Sakaluk Scott K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInfection can cause hosts to drastically alter their investment in key life‐history traits of reproduction and defence. Infected individuals are expected to increase investment in defence (e.g., by increasing immune function) and, due to trade‐offs, investment in other traits (e.g., current reproduction) should decrease. However, the terminal investment hypothesis postulates that decreased lifespan due to infection and the associated reduction in the expectation for future offspring will favour increased investment towards current reproduction. Variation in intrinsic condition will likely influence shifts in reproductive investment post‐infection, but this is often not considered in such assessments. For example, the extent of inbreeding can significantly impact an individual's lifetime fitness and may influence its reproductive behaviour following a threat of infection. Here, we investigated the effects of inbreeding status on an individual's reproductive investment upon infection, including the propensity to terminally invest. Male crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) from four genetically distinct inbred lines and one outbred line were subjected to a treatment from an increasing spectrum of simulated infection cue intensities, using heat‐killed bacteria. We then measured reproductive effort (calling effort), survival and immune function (antibacterial activity, circulating haemocytes and haemocyte microaggregations). Inbred and outbred males diverged in how they responded to a low‐dose infection cue: relative to unmanipulated males, outbred males decreased calling effort, whereas inbred males increased calling effort. Moreover, we found that inbred males exhibited higher antibacterial activity and numbers of circulating haemocytes compared with outbred males. These results suggest that an individual's inbreeding status may have consequences for context‐dependent shifts in reproductive strategies, such as those triggered by infection.
Essential oils as vespid wasp repellents: Implications for their use as a management strategy
Authors: Yossen María B. , Lozada Mariana , Kuperman Marcelo N. , González Silvia , Gastaldi Bruno , Buteler Micaela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecently, plant‐based repellents have been proposed as a potential alternative to classic pesticides against pest wasps, in certain scenarios. Here, the repellent effect of Dysphania multifida essential oil and one of its main terpenoid components, α‐terpinene, were tested under field conditions with natural populations of wasps in Patagonia Argentina. D. multifida essential oil (paico), as well as α‐terpinene, repelled V. germanica wasps in the field. A strong avoidance of food baits treated with the essential oil or α‐terpinene was observed in choice and no‐choice tests. In no‐choice tests, the time it took wasps to arrive at the bait was significantly greater in treated baits than in control baits. Also, the total number of arriving wasps in 30 min was significantly greater in untreated baits in comparison with treated baits, under similar environmental conditions and wasp density. As the wasps’ flight season progressed, wasp density and motivation for proteinaceous food sources increased. This was evidenced by a greater total number of wasps in untreated baits with time. On the contrary, the number of wasps in treated baits remained low throughout the peak season. Both the paico essential oil and the α‐terpinene act as powerful repellents for V. germanica wasps, generating an avoidance response to treated food sources. Thus, these compounds have potential to be used as repellents to prevent wasps’ approaches and foraging, when applied in close proximity to a food source.
Evaluation of adjuvants to improve control of spotted‐wing drosophila in organic fruit production
Authors: Roubos Craig R. , Gautam Bal K. , Fanning Philip D. , Van Timmeren Steven , Spies Janine , Liburd Oscar E. , Isaacs Rufus , Curry Shane , Little Brian A. , Sial Ashfaq A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSpotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is a key pest of berry crops in the United States. It is managed intensively using insecticides, but organic fruit growers have few effective chemical control options. Spinosad is the most effective organically approved product for control of D. suzukii, while other organic options have not shown high levels of control. Adjuvants are products added to pesticides to improve effectiveness, and these may function as stickers, spreaders or surfactants improving the spray coverage of insecticides on surfaces and thereby increasing the likelihood that pests will contact residues. We conducted experiments evaluating organically approved biopesticides in combination with three adjuvants including poly‐1‐p‐menthene, alcohol ethoxylate and polyether‐polymethylsiloxane‐copolymer polyether to determine whether addition of adjuvants improved efficacy and residual activity of these products. Alcohol ethoxylate and poly‐1‐p‐menthene showed some inherent insecticidal activity against D. suzukii in laboratory assays. Adjuvants increased mortality of some insecticides but not to a level that would provide adequate fruit protection. Poly‐1‐p‐menthene had a negative effect when combined with hydrogen peroxide + PAA and sabadilla alkaloids. Mortality in semi‐field bioassays was quite low except for spinosad. Polyether‐polymethylsiloxane‐copolymer polyether had a negative effect on the efficacy of spinosad. The adjuvants did not extend residual activity of the insecticides. Adjuvants did not provide the expected benefits of increased performance against D. suzukii when combined with organic biopesticides. Other methods for enhancing these insecticides will need to be explored to provide organic growers with more effective chemical control options for this invasive pest.
Optimizing the attractiveness of pheromone baits used for trapping the four‐eyed spruce bark beetle Polygraphus poligraphus
Authors: Viklund Lina , Rahmani Rizan , Bång Joakim , Schroeder Martin , Hedenström Erik 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBark beetles have caused extensive damage to forests in central Sweden during the past decade, and the four‐eyed spruce bark beetle, Polygraphus poligraphus, seems to be involved. However, its role in these bark beetle outbreaks is still not clear. The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient pheromone bait for P. poligraphus, which would make it possible to study the species more carefully and thereby contribute to protect exposed forests in an environmentally friendly way. Three field studies were conducted in 2015, 2016 and 2018 in Medelpad, county of Västernorrland, Sweden. The pheromone of P. poligraphus, (−)‐terpinen‐4‐ol, was tested at different release rates and in different enantiomeric purities, to find the most attractive formulation for the beetles. It was also tested in combination with racemic frontalin, a compound which has previously been shown to produce a synergistic effect together with (−)‐terpinen‐4‐ol of low enantiomeric purity; 52% ee. Other compounds, chosen based on responses from electroantennographic studies, were also tested in an attempt to find additional attractants and repellents for P. poligraphus. The most attractive treatment tested was enantiomerically pure (−)‐terpinen‐4‐ol (99% ee). When the enantiomeric purity was lower (50% ee), the trap catches was lowered to levels comparable to the catches for unbaited control traps. A strong synergistic effect with frontalin was observed for (−)‐terpinen‐4‐ol of low enantiomeric purity (50% ee) but not for the enantiomerically pure compound (99% ee). The release rate of (−)‐terpinen‐4‐ol (99% ee) was shown to be an important factor. For the combination of frontalin and (−)‐terpinen‐4‐ol (50% ee), the attraction seemed strongest when (−)‐terpinen‐4‐ol was released at a higher rate than frontalin. An interesting and novel result was that a repellent compound, α‐terpineol, was identified in our studies. Our results from field studies and electroantennography recordings also indicate that (+)‐terpinen‐4‐ol is a repellent for P. poligraphus.
The impacts of Japanese food losses and food waste on global natural resources and greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Munesue Yosuke , Masui Toshihiko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractJapan depends heavily on imports for its food supply. Since 2000, the food self‐sufficiency ratio has remained approximately 40% on a caloric basis. Japanese food wastage (i.e., food losses and food waste) is estimated to have been 6.42 million tonnes (50 kg per capita of wastage) in 2012. These values indicate that food wastage leads to wasted natural resources and excessive greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions both in Japan and in countries that export to Japan. This study estimates Japanese food wastage by food item to evaluate impacts on land and water resources and global GHG emissions during the processing, distribution, and consumption phases of the food supply chain while also considering the feed crops needed for livestock production. Despite uncertainties due to data limitations, in 2012, 1.23 million hectares of harvested land were used to produce food that was eventually wasted, and 413 million m3 of water resources were wasted due to Japanese food wastage in agricultural production. Furthermore, unnecessary GHG emissions were 3.51 million tonnes of CO2 eq. in agricultural production and 0.49 million tonnes of CO2 eq. in international transportation. The outcomes of the present study can be used to develop countermeasures to food wastage in industrializing Asian countries where food imports are projected to increase and food wastage issues in the consumption stage are expected to become as serious as they currently are in Japan.
Can we turn mice into men?
Authors: Ludolph Albert C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe pressure to develop pharmacological therapeutic interventions in the field of the rapidly progressing, fatal disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is traditionally high. Cannabinoids have been discussed for decades as potential neuroprotective agents for ALS because of their antiexcitatory, anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic and anticatabolic properties. This Editorial highlights a study by Urbi et al in the current issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry, in which the authors performed a Systematic Review and come to the conclusion that cannabinoids seem to have a small, but consistent effect on survival and function of the G93A mice, a standard model for ALS. However, some methodological concerns regarding translation of findings made in G93A mice come to mind, and thus the Systematic Review emphasizes the need to critically assess differences between mice and humans.
Effects of oleanolic acid acetate on bone formation in an experimental periodontitis model in mice
Authors: Adhikari Nirpesh , Neupane Sanjiv , Aryal Yam Prasad , Choi Mi , Sohn Wern‐Joo , Lee Youngkyun , Jung Jae‐Kwang , Ha Jung‐Hong , Choi So‐Young , Suh Jo‐Young , Kim Ji‐Youn , Rho Mun‐Chual , Lee Tae‐Hoon , Yamamoto Hitoshi , An Chang‐Hyeon , Kim Sang‐Hyun , An Seo‐Young , Kim Jae‐Young 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveWe evaluated the role of oleanolic acid acetate (OAA), a triterpenoid commonly used in the treatment of liver disorders, inflammatory diseases, and metastasis, in bone formation after tooth loss by periodontitis.BackgroundPeriodontitis causes the sequential degradation of the alveolar bone and associated structures, resulting in tooth loss. Several studies have attempted to regenerate the bone for implantation following tooth loss.MethodsMaxillary left second molar was extracted from 8‐week‐old male mice following induction of periodontitis by ligature for 5 days. The extraction socket was treated with 50 ng/µL OAA for 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Detailed morphological changes were examined using Masson's trichrome staining, and the precise localization patterns of various signaling molecules, including CD31, F4/80, interleukin (IL)‐6, and osteocalcin, were observed. The volume of bone formation was examined by Micro‐CT. Osteoclasts were enumerated using tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. For molecular dissection of signaling molecules, we employed the hanging‐drop in vitro cultivation method at E14 for 1 day and examined the expression pattern of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β superfamily and Wnt signaling genes.ResultsHistomorphometrical examinations showed facilitated bone formation in the extraction socket following OAA treatment. In addition, OAA‐treated specimens showed the altered localization patterns of inflammatory and bone formation‐related signaling molecules including CD31, F4/80, IL‐6, and osteocalcin. Also, embryonic tooth germ mesenchymal tissue cultivation with OAA treatment showed the significant altered expression patterns of signaling molecules such as transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β superfamily and Wnt signaling.ConclusionsOleanolic acid acetate induces bone formation and remodeling through proper modulation of osteoblast, osteoclast, and inflammation with regulations of TGF‐β and Wnt signaling.
Different filtering strategies of genotyping‐by‐sequencing data provide complementary resolutions of species boundaries and relationships in a clade of sexually deceptive orchids
Authors: Cozzolino Salvatore , Scopece Giovanni , Roma Luca , Schlüter Philipp M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOngoing hybridization and retained ancestral polymorphism in rapidly radiating lineages could mask recent cladogenetic events. This presents a challenge for the application of molecular phylogenetic methods to resolve differences between closely related taxa. We reanalyzed published genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) data to infer the phylogeny of four species within the Ophrys sphegodes complex, a recently radiated clade of orchids. We used different data filtering approaches to detect different signals contained in the dataset generated by GBS and estimated their effects on maximum likelihood trees, global FST and bootstrap support values. We obtained a maximum likelihood tree with high bootstrap support, separating the species by using a large dataset based on loci shared by at least 30% of accessions. Bootstrap and FST values progressively decreased when filtering for loci shared by a higher number of accessions. However, when filtering more stringently to retain homozygous and organellar loci, we identified two main clades. These clades group individuals independently from their a priori species assignment, but were associated with two organellar haplotype clusters. We infer that a less stringent filtering preferentially selects for rapidly evolving lineage‐specific loci, which might better delimit lineages. In contrast, when using homozygous/organellar DNA loci the signature of a putative hybridization event in the lineage prevails over the most recent phylogenetic signal. These results show that using differing filtering strategies on GBS data could dissect the organellar and nuclear DNA phylogenetic signal and yield novel insights into relationships between closely related species.
Stages do matter; and there are even more of them to consider
Authors: Goldstone Jack A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractShultziner and Goldberg are is correct to say we need to treat the various stages of social movement origins, protests, and outcomes separately, with detailed analysis of each stage. However, a triparte stage theory may be insufficient, as each stage can have diverse potential trajectories driven by distinct causal mechanisms. Social movement analysis should help us recognize the many points at which complex movement trajectories can be advanced or reversed, and how actions at each stage create reverberations in the wider society.
Recognizing Whose Bilingualism? A Critical Policy Analysis of the Seal of Biliteracy
Authors: SUBTIRELU NICHOLAS CLOSE , BOROWCZYK MARGARET , THORSON HERNÁNDEZ RACHEL , VENEZIA FRANCESCA 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Seal of Biliteracy is as an initiative to incentivize and credentialize bi‐/multilingualism in K–12 education in the United States. While it has been widely celebrated as a positive development in U.S. educational language policy, it is important to consider to what extent marginalized students benefit from this initiative. This critical policy analysis explores possible inequities in the way that the Seal has been promoted, enacted in policy, and implemented in schools, focused primarily on California. Three findings are reported. First, advocates and policy makers have constructed the purpose of the Seal as primarily aimed at promoting foreign or world language education, raising questions about the degree to which the recognition of language‐minoritized students’ linguistic repertoires is a focus. Second, the policy requirements for demonstrating biliteracy advantage students, especially native English‐speaking students, who are studying a foreign or world language as part of their school's curriculum. Third, schools with high percentages of students of color and students from low‐income families are less likely to participate in the program, suggesting that students privileged along lines of race and class have greater access to the program. This article concludes by suggesting improvements in policy and directions for future research that might contribute to addressing these inequities.
“Shining in the Light of Your Glory”: Finding the Simple Reading of Scripture
Authors: René Barnes Michel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis essay argues that without allowing for a legitimate extra‐biblical reasoning for the appropriateness of God's “simplicity,” Christians will be compelled biblically to affirm that God, as such, has a body — or at least Christians will have to accept this as a theologically possible reading of Scripture that cannot be ruled out. Barnes first cites ancient philosophical sources that argue that God has no parts but is utterly simple. In Barnes's quick sketch, the main role is given to Plotinus and especially to the summation found in Alcuinus's Didaskalon X.7 (Alcuinus is known also as Albinus). Barnes then examines readings of Israel's Scriptures that indicate the bodiliness of God (YHWH). Most importantly, divine bodiliness comports with the “plain sense” of Scripture. Here he draws upon such works as Benjamin Sommer's The Bodies of God, Stephen Moore's “Gigantic God,” and Tryggve Mettinger's The Dethronement of Sabaoth; and he also makes reference to the work of the Jewish kabbalist scholar Gershom Scholem. Barnes carefully investigates such passages as Exodus 33, in which God is clearly presented as having bodily parts, including a “face.” As Barnes notes, the Fathers’ arguments for why God does not have a body are tied completely to their arguments for why God exists simply.