bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of familiarization on maximum strength testing in male individuals with spinal cord injury
Authors: Neto Frederico Ribeiro , Costa Rodrigo Rodrigues Gomes , Cardoso Jefferson Rosa , Brown Lee , Bottaro Martim , Carregaro Rodrigo Luiz 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND: Familiarization is a fundamental step for a proper maximum strength testing. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding familiarization protocols suitable for isokinetic assessment in men with spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVE: The aim was to compare different familiarization protocols (sessions and sets) and their influences on a maximum isokinetic strength test in individuals with SCI. METHODS: Thirty-six men with SCI were enrolled and were randomly assigned to one of three groups that performed one (F1set), two (F2set) or three (F3set) sets of familiarization on an isokinetic dynamometer. Each group repeated familiarization and maximum strength tests on three different days (D1, D2 and D3) with 48 to 72-hour intervals. Multiple one-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the familiarization protocols. For measurement agreement, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with Bland-Altman plots were used. RESULTS: F2set had no statistically difference in peak torque between testing days, or between F1set and F3set. F1set and F3set differed between days for shoulder abduction and extension. ICC was significant and high (ICC [Formula: see text] 0.91; [Formula: see text] 0.01) comparing D1 and D3 for all. CONCLUSIONS: One familiarization session composed by 2 sets of submaximal exercise could be adopted as a suitable protocol prior to a maximal strength testing in men with SCI.
Polarization of Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Dissipative Photosphere Model
Authors: Lundman Christoffer , Vurm Indrek , Beloborodov Andrei M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The MeV spectral peak of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is best explained as photospheric emission from a dissipative relativistic jet. The observed non-blackbody spectrum shows that sub-photospheric dissipation involves both thermal plasma heating and injection of nonthermal particles, which quickly cool through inverse Compton scattering and emission of synchrotron radiation. Synchrotron photons emitted around and above the photosphere are predicted to dominate the low-energy part of the GRB spectrum, starting from roughly a decade in energy below the MeV peak. We show that this leads to a unique polarization signature: a rise in GRB polarization toward lower energies. We compute the polarization degree of GRB radiation as a function of photon energy for a generic jet model, and show the predictions for GRBs 990123, 090902B, and 110721A. The expected polarization is significant in the X-ray band, in particular for bursts similar to GRB 090902B. The model predicts that radiation in the MeV peak (and at higher energies) is unpolarized as long as the jet is approximately uniform on angular scales δθ ≳ Γ−1 where Γ is the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet.
Assessing the Capabilities of Dynamic Coronal Seismology of Alfvénic Waves through Forward Modeling
Authors: Magyar N. , Van Doorsselaere T. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Coronal seismology is a diagnostic tool used in solar physics for measuring parameters that are otherwise hard to measure; of these parameters, magnetic field values are arguably the most important. The parameters are inferred by combining observations of waves with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave theory. To date, coronal seismology has successfully been applied to various single-oscillation events. Such events are relatively rare, resulting in rare occasions to use diagnostics. Ubiquitous waves in the solar atmosphere might, however, allow for the possibility of dynamic coronal seismology, which involves the continuous inversions of coronal parameters and would constitute a huge leap forward in many areas of solar physics. In this paper, we investigate the robustness and accuracy of magnetic field diagnostics applied to forward-modeled 3D MHD simulations of propagating Alfvénic waves. We find that the seismologically measured magnetic field values are reassuringly close to the input value (within ≈20%) for a range of setups studied, providing encouragement and confidence for the further development of dynamic coronal seismology.
ALMA Multiple-transition Observations of High-density Molecular Tracers in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
Authors: Imanishi Masatoshi , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Izumi Takuma 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We present the results of our ALMA observations of 11 (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs) at J = 4–3 of HCN, HCO+, and HNC and J = 3–2 of HNC. This is an extension of our previously published HCN and HCO+
J = 3–2 observations to multiple rotational J-transitions of multiple molecules, to investigate how molecular emission line flux ratios vary at different J-transitions. We confirm that ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) that contain or may contain luminous obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) tend to show higher HCN-to-HCO+ flux ratios than starburst galaxies, both at J = 4–3 and J = 3–2. For selected HCN-flux-enhanced AGN-important ULIRGs, our isotopologue H13CN, H13CO+, and HN13C J = 3–2 line observations suggest a higher abundance of HCN than HCO+ and HNC, which is interpreted to be primarily responsible for the elevated HCN flux in AGN-important galaxies. For such sources, the intrinsic HCN-to-HCO+ flux ratios after line opacity correction will be higher than the observed ratios, making the separation between AGNs and starbursts even larger. The signature of the vibrationally excited (v
2 = 1f) HCN J = 4–3 emission line is seen in one ULIRG, IRAS 12112−0305 NE. P Cygni profiles are detected in the HCO+
J = 4–3 and J = 3–2 lines toward IRAS 15250+3609, with an estimated molecular outflow rate of ∼250–750 M
⊙ yr−1. The SiO J = 6–5 line also exhibits a P Cygni profile in IRAS 12112+0305 NE, suggesting the presence of shocked outflow activity. Shock tracers are detected in many sources, suggesting ubiquitous shock activity in the nearby ULIRG population.
Detection of a Population of Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy∗
Authors: Chiti Anirudh , Simon Joshua D. , Frebel Anna , Thompson Ian B. , Shectman Stephen A. , Mateo Mario , Bailey John I. , Crane Jeffrey D. , Walker Matthew 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The study of the chemical abundances of metal-poor stars in dwarf galaxies provides a venue to constrain paradigms of chemical enrichment and galaxy formation. Here we present metallicity and carbon abundance measurements of 100 stars in Sculptor from medium-resolution (R ∼ 2000) spectra taken with the Magellan/Michigan Fiber System mounted on the Magellan-Clay 6.5 m telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. We identify 24 extremely metal-poor star candidates ([Fe/H] < −3.0) and 21 carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) star candidates. Eight carbon-enhanced stars are classified with at least 2σ confidence, and five are confirmed as such with follow-up R ∼ 6000 observations using the Magellan Echellette Spectrograph on the Magellan-Baade 6.5 m telescope. We measure a CEMP fraction of 36% for stars below [Fe/H] = −3.0, indicating that the prevalence of carbon-enhanced stars in Sculptor is similar to that of the halo (∼43%) after excluding likely CEMP-s and CEMP-r/s stars from our sample. However, we do not detect that any CEMP stars are strongly enhanced in carbon ([C/Fe] > 1.0). The existence of a large number of CEMP stars both in the halo and in Sculptor suggests that some halo CEMP stars may have originated from accreted early analogs of dwarf galaxies.
The Value of Peer Mentorship as an Educational Strategy in Nursing
Authors: Andersen Tannis , Watkins Kathy 
Published: April 2018

Background:The emphasis of this article is to provide nursing instructors with a valuable educational strategy grounded in andragogical principles for reflection and implementation in their educational practice.Method:An expository review of the value of peer mentorship as an educational strategy that fits within the humanistic adult education philosophy and social constructivism theory was conducted.Results:The value in peer mentorship is greatest for nursing students as mentors and mentees, predominantly in encouraging self-directed learning, building relationships, providing emotional and educational support, and developing collaboration and leadership skills. In addition, peer mentorship provides value to instructors and educational institutions by supporting a positive student-centered learning environment that enhances student success.Conclusion:Peer mentorship as a valuable educational strategy can be recognized for future use within all levels of nursing education and can be applied universally to teaching and learning within other health care educational settings. [J Nurs Educ.2018;57(4):217–224.]
Quantification of placental change in mouse models of preeclampsia using magnetic resonance microscopy
Authors: Bobek Gabriele , Stait-Gardner Tim , Price William , Makris Angela , Hennessy Annemarie 
Published: April 2018

Abnormal development of the placenta is postulated to be central to the aetiology of preeclampsia. This study investigates changes in placental histopathology in mouse models of preeclampsia compared to the morphology using magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) (11.7 T) of intact ex vivo tissue followed by 3D analysis of the image data. Here, C57BL/6JArc pregnant mice were subject to either normal pregnancy (n=3), or to one of two experimental models of preeclampsia; TNF-α infusion (n=3) or reduced uterine perfusion pressure(RUPP) (n=3). Placental tissue was collected at gestational day (gd) 17, fixed in formalin and incubated with Magnavist™ contrast agent, and high resolution images (50 μm × 50 μm × 50 μm voxels) obtained by magnetic resonance imaging at 11.74 T. Visual segmentation into placental subregions and three dimensional (3D) reconstruction followed by volume analysis was performed with Amira™ 3D analysis software. The significance of differences between treatment groups in total and regional volumes was assessed. In a single placenta the volumes measure by standard histology were compared. Three placentas from each animal were imaged, segmented into anatomical regions and 3D reconstructions generated. Total placental volume, labyrinth and decidual volume were not significantly different between groups. The junctional zone volume was found to be significantly larger in the RUPP animals (18.5±1.5 mm3) compared to TNF-α infused animals (15.8±1.5) or control animals (15.0±0.7, P<0.01). However, the decidual/junctional zone volume was smaller in the TNF-a compared to control animals (P<0.05). Placental structural change in experimental models of preeclampsia is able to be visualized and quantified using MRM and 3-D analysis. These techniques could prove to be a powerful tool in examining changes in placental morphology.
Bibliometric analysis of organisational culture using CiteSpace
Authors: Cui Yi , Liu Yanping , Mou Jian 
Published: April 2018

Background: As organisational culture plays an important role in forming a sustained competitive advantage, numerous studies about organisational culture have been completed. However, few studies have been conducted by analysing the references of publications with a visual pattern. Moreover, this subject has reached a certain degree of maturity; hence, a review that analyses the trends of organisational culture is urgent. Aim: The aim of this study was to provide broad information on organisational culture, including authors, journals, countries and references. In addition, the evolution of organisational culture is depicted and potential future research focuses are predicted. Setting: Using the Web of Science as a data source, we captured 1479 publications in science citation index (SCI) and social science citation index (SSCI) from 2005 to 2016 with 63 682 corresponding references for analysis. Methods: A bibliometric approach using CiteSpace software was applied to quantitatively and visually analyse organisational culture. Results: (1) The USA is the most productive country followed by the UK and then Australia in terms of publication; (2) scholars are mainly focused on ‘performance’, ‘innovation’ and ‘knowledge management’ aspects; (3) most fundamental theories and frameworks were created from the 1980s to the 1990s; (4) the Journal of Business Ethics is the most appropriate journal for contributions, whereas the Academy of Management Review is suitable for scholars to do a literature review, construct a theoretical framework and develop a research design; and (5) future research on this field has been justified accordingly. Conclusion: These findings not only provide basic background knowledge about organisational culture for new researchers but also provide a framework for visual and quantitative research to management scholars and fill the gap between organisational culture and bibliometric analysis.
High-resolution vertical velocities and their power spectrum observed with the MAARSY radar – Part 1: frequency spectrum
Authors: Li Qiang , Rapp Markus , Stober Gunter , Latteck Ralph 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) installed at the island of
Andøya has been run for continuous probing of atmospheric winds in the
upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region. In the current study,
we present high-resolution wind measurements during the period between 2010
and 2013 with MAARSY. The spectral analysis applying the Lomb–Scargle
periodogram method has been carried out to determine the frequency spectra of
vertical wind velocity. From a total of 522 days of observations, the
statistics of the spectral slope have been derived and show a dependence on
the background wind conditions. It is a general feature that the
observed spectra of vertical velocity during active periods (with wind
velocity > 10 m s−1) are much steeper than during quiet periods
(with wind velocity < 10 m s−1). The distribution of spectral slopes
is roughly symmetric with a maximum at −5/3 during active periods, whereas a
very asymmetric distribution with a maximum at around −1 is observed during
quiet periods. The slope profiles along altitudes reveal a significant height
dependence for both conditions, i.e., the spectra become shallower with
increasing altitudes in the upper troposphere and maintain roughly a constant
slope in the lower stratosphere. With both wind conditions considered
together the general spectra are obtained and their slopes are compared with
the background horizontal winds. The comparisons show that the observed
spectra become steeper with increasing wind velocities under quiet
conditions, approach a spectral slope of −5/3 at a wind velocity of 10 m s−1 and
then roughly maintain this slope (−5/3) for even stronger winds. Our
findings show an overall agreement with previous studies; furthermore,
they provide a more complete climatology of frequency spectra of vertical
wind velocities under different wind conditions. Keywords. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (turbulence; waves and tides)
CLIMA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DOS SOLOS ZONAIS NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL – BRASIL
Authors: Becker Elsbeth Léia Spode , Buriol Galileo Adeli , Streck Nereu Augusto 
Published: April 2018

O clima tem grande influência na formação dos solos, além da ação integrada de fatores como material de origem, relevo, organismos e tempo. Os solos zonais são formados quando o clima é o fator preponderante no intemperismo. Neste estudo objetivou-se evidenciar os solos zonais do Rio Grande do Sul e determinar sua localização. A espacialização das disponibilidades climáticas para o desenvolvimento de solos zonais foi realizada utilizando-se as médias anuais, as médias dos totais anuais de precipitação pluvial e as médias anuais de temperatura do ar, entre 1931 e 1960, de 41 estações meteorológicas do 8° Distrito de Meteorologia (8º DISME). Constatou-se que os solos zonais do Rio Grande do Sul compreendem solos Lateríticos e solos Pedalférricos. Solos de clima muito úmido situam-se na metade norte do Estado com médias anuais de precipitação pluvial acima de 1.500mm e são representados pelos solos Lateríticos, predominantemente, os Latossolos. Os Pedalférricos ocorrem, preferencialmente, em regiões de clima temperado e são descritos como solos com pronunciada lixiviação, que ocorrem em condições de intemperismo químico com índices de precipitação anual acima de 600mm. No Rio Grande do Sul as condições climáticas ideais para a formação desses solos são registradas nas estações meteorológicas localizadas na Depressão Central (com exceção das estações de Santa Maria e Santa Cruz do Sul), no Escudo Sul-Riograndense (com exceção de Caçapava do Sul), na Planície Costeira e no Planalto Norte-rio-grandense (apenas a região de Vacaria). São representados, predominantemente pelos Neossolos e Cambissolos. Palavras-Chave: Lateríticos; Pedalférricos; Latossolos.
O MOVIMENTO DE INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE AGROECOLOGIA E PRODUÇÃO ORGÂNICA E AS POTENCIALIDADES E LIMITES APONTADOS PELAS ORGANIZAÇÕES POPULARES ATUANTES NA MICRORREGIÃO DE ERECHIM/RS
Authors: Gaboardi Shaiane Carla , Eduardo Márcio Freitas 
Published: April 2018

A base técnica e econômica da agricultura transformou-se, sobretudo, após a década de 1960, no período que ficou caracterizado como Revolução Verde. As relações capitalistas passaram a se territorializar no campo gerando diversos impactos sociais e ambientais. Este fato fez com que diversos movimentos de resistência surgissem no intuito de pensar alternativas à exclusão gerada por este modelo de desenvolvimento hegemônico, por meio da agroecologia. Entre estes movimentos de resistência, citam-se duas organizações não governamentais que atuam na Microrregião de Erechim, o Centro de Apoio ao Pequeno Agricultor (CAPA) e o Centro de Tecnologias Alternativas Populares (CETAP). Este movimento passou a se fazer representar também na esfera estatal, reivindicando políticas públicas de caráter emancipatório para os agricultores de forma a promover a agroecologia. O presente trabalho é resultado de pesquisas realizadas em âmbito de trabalho de conclusão de curso de Geografia. A metodologia de pesquisa é pautada na investigação qualitativa utilizando-se de levantamentos por meio de revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas e análise documental, com o objetivo de entender o contexto de surgimento das organizações populares que fazem parte deste movimento agroecológico e da Política Nacional de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica (PNAPO), a qual foi uma conquista destas organizações, e refletir sobre as leituras que o CAPA e o CETAP fazem do Decreto 7.794 de 20 de agosto de 2012, o qual institucionaliza a política. Além disso, objetiva-se apontar os projetos paralelos que estas organizações vêm desempenhando no sentido de promover a agroecologia na Microrregião de Erechim. Palavras-Chave: Agroecologia. Política Nacional de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica. Organizações Populares. Microrregião de Erechim.
Eigen schuld en BGK in (deel)geschil; wie kent de tweede billijkheidscorrectie?
Authors: Keirse A.L.M. , Biezenaar J. 
Published: April 2018

Eigen schuld en BGK in (deel)geschil; wie kent de tweede billijkheidscorrectie?
Kan een slachtoffer dat vanwege eigen schuld zijn schade slechts gedeeltelijk vergoed krijgt, toch op kosten van de aansprakelijk gestelde wederpartij een deelgeschilprocedure voeren, of moet hij een deel van die kosten gelet op zijn eigen schuld zelf dragen? Deze bijdrage biedt een uitgebreid overzicht van het debat over deze vraag en reikt na een analyse daarvan een gedifferentieerd stappenplan aan waarmee in concrete gevallen een billijke oplossing voor de vergoeding van deze ‘buitengerechtelijke kosten’ kan worden bereikt.
Vaststellen van symptoomvaliditeit in neuropsychologisch expertiseonderzoek
Authors: Schmand B.A. , de Jonghe J.F.M. 
Published: April 2018

Vaststellen van symptoomvaliditeit in neuropsychologisch expertiseonderzoek
In deze bijdrage behandelen de auteurs enkele meer technische aspecten van het vaststellen van symptoomvaliditeit. Het doel is de juridische en medische ‘eindgebruikers’ van neuropsychologische expertiseonderzoeken een beter inzicht te geven in de gehanteerde methoden. De auteurs hopen dat dit hen in staat stelt de conclusies die de neuropsycholoog trekt beter op hun waarde te schatten. Achtereenvolgens bespreken zij de belangrijkste methoden waarmee symptoomvaliditeit wordt onderzocht, de manier waarop specifieke detectiemethoden worden geconstrueerd, de sensitiviteit en specificiteit ervan, en de manier waarop deze worden toegepast in het neuropsychologisch onderzoek (NPO). De auteurs zullen ook stilstaan bij de vraag of kan worden aangetoond dat de onderzochte persoon moedwillig slecht presteert. Ten slotte noemen ze een aantal kwaliteitskenmerken van het NPO waar de eindgebruiker op zou moeten letten.
Policy Implications for Controlling Communicable Diseases in Indigenous Communities: Case of Strongyloidiasis in Australia
Authors: Miller Adrian , Smith Michelle L , Judd Jenni A , Speare Rick 
Published: April 2018

The objective of this paper is to document the knowledge and experiences of healthcare professionals and researchers in Australia about the barriers to controlling Strongyloides stercoralis in Australian Indigenous communities. Qualitative research methods were used to conduct in-depth semi-structured interviews, which were digitally recorded, transcribed, and participant-checked. Data were thematically analysed to identify significant themes. Five major themes were identified:1) Barriers to health/treatment;2) Access to healthcare;3) Policy;4) Learning opportunity; and5) Ideas for intervention.The findings suggest that Australian Indigenous communities will continue to suffer increased morbidity and mortality due to a lack of control or prevention of Strongyloides stercoralis. Issues such as institutional racism, improvements to health promotion, education, socioeconomic determinants, and health care system policy and procedures need to be addressed. This study identifies several direct implications for Indigenous health:The need for increased knowledge and understanding of the risks to health for Indigenous community members;The need for prevention policy development for neglected tropical diseases in Indigenous communities;The need for increased knowledge and understanding of the treatment, diagnosis, and healthcare access concerning Strongyloides stercoralis for health professionals and policymakers who work within Indigenous health;The need to raise awareness of systematic institutional racism in the control and prevention of neglected tropical diseases in Indigenous communities; andThe need for a health promotion framework that can provide the basis for multiple-level interventions to control and prevent Strongyloides in Indigenous communities.