bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung function trajectories in children with early diagnosis of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Lamberti Rossella , Ferraro Simona , Farolfi Andrea , Ghezzi Michele , Zirpoli Salvatore , Munari Alice Marianna , Adivishnu Sai Spandana , Marano Giuseppe , Biganzoli Elia , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo , D’Auria Enza 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis (BE) is defined as a clinical syndrome of recurrent, persistent wet cough and abnormal bronchial dilatation on chest High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) scans. The aims of this study were to characterize the pattern of the trajectories of lung function parameters and to consider the relationship between the lung function and radiological severity according to the modified Reiff score.

Methods
The study retrospectively considered 86 children (46.5% male, median age of 4 years) with non-CF BE, admitted at the Paediatric Pneumology Unit of Buzzi Children’s Hospital from January 2015 to December 2022. The diagnosis of BE was made according to the presence of a suggestive clinical history and symptoms and key features of BE evidenced on chest HRCT scans. The modified Reiff score was adapted to quantify the severity of BE. Spirometry (COSMED MicroQuark spirometer) was performed at median age of 5.78 years (baseline or T0) and after 1 and 2 years from the baseline (T1 and T2, respectively). The general trends of lung function parameters were estimated by ANOVA models for repeated measurements. For each lung function parameter, a longitudinal regression model was fitted. The analysis was performed with the software R release 4.2.3. The statistical significance was deemed when the p-value resulted lower than 0.05.

Results
The general trends of lung function parameters showed a statistically significant variation of forced vital capacity (FVC%) and forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1%) from T0 to T1 (p = 0.0062, 0.0009) and no significant change for FVC%, FEV1% and forced expiratory flow 25–75% of VC (FEF25/75%) from T1 to T2 (p = 0.145, 0.210, 0.600, respectively). Notably, we found no correlation between the age at diagnosis and the lung function parameters at T0 (r = 0.149, 0.103 and 0.042 for FVC%, FEV1% and FEF25/75%, respectively). Instead, a poor negative correlation resulted between the Reiff score and FVC%, FEV1% e FEF25/75% at baseline (Spearman coefficients: rho=-0.156, -0.204, -0.103, respectively).

Conclusions
A stable pulmonary function is detectable within 2 years follow up from baseline spirometry. The modified Reiff score should be considered as a good tool not only to quantify the radiological lung involvement but also the degree of pulmonary function impairment.
From regulation to deregulation of p53 in hematologic malignancies: implications for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy
Authors: Ahmadi Seyed Esmaeil , Rahimian Elahe , Rahimi Samira , Zarandi Bahman , Bahraini Mehran , Soleymani Maral , Safdari Seyed Mehrab , Shabannezhad Ashkan , Jaafari Niloofar , Safa Majid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe p53 protein, encoded by the TP53 gene, serves as a critical tumor suppressor, playing a vital role in maintaining genomic stability and regulating cellular responses to stress. Dysregulation of p53 is frequently observed in hematological malignancies, significantly impacting disease progression and patient outcomes. This review aims to examine the regulatory mechanisms of p53, the implications of TP53 mutations in various hematological cancers, and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting p53. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to synthesize recent findings related to p53's multifaceted role in hematologic cancers, focusing on its regulatory pathways and therapeutic potential. TP53 mutations in hematological malignancies often lead to treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Current therapeutic strategies, including p53 reactivation and gene therapy, show promise in improving treatment outcomes. Understanding the intricacies of p53 regulation and the consequences of its mutations is essential for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in hematological malignancies, ultimately enhancing patient care and survival.
Exosomal PSM-E inhibits macrophage M2 polarization to suppress prostate cancer metastasis through the RACK1 signaling axis
Authors: Qin Xingliang , Niu Ruoxi , Tan Yongyao , Huang Yuxin , Ren Weishu , Zhou Weiwei , Wu Huiquan , Zhang Junlong , Xu Mingze , Zhou Xiang , Guan Hongyu , Zhu Xun , Chen Yu , Cao Kaiyuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
It is well-established that understanding the mechanism of prostate cancer (PCa)-associated metastasis is paramount for improving its prognosis. Metastasis is known to involve the communication between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells. Exosomes are crucial in mediating this intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. Nonetheless, the role of exosomal proteins in PCa metastasis is not yet fully understood. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of prostate cancer-derived exosomal PSM-E on regulating macrophage M2 polarization to suppress tumor invasion and metastasis.

Methods
PSM-E levels in exosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting analysis. The diagnostic value of urine-derived exosomal PSM-E in PCa were evaluated by LC-MS/MS, correlation analysis, and ROC curves analysis. The mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of exosomal PSM-E on the M2 polarization of macrophages was investigated by co-IP, IHC staining, and PCa tumorigenesis model, etc.

Results
We revealed that exosomal PSM-E is upregulated in exosomes derived from the serum and urine of PCa patients. Clinically, an elevated exosomal PSM-E expression in urine is significantly correlated with an advanced pathological tumor stage and a high Gleason score. Our research also revealed that exosomal PSM-E inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by suppressing macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we provided compelling evidence that exosomal PSM-E inhibits M2 polarization of macrophages by recruiting RACK1 and suppressing the FAK and ERK signaling pathways, consequently suppressing PCa invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, we found that the protease-associated domain of PSM-E and the fourth tryptophan-aspartate repeat of RACK1 are crucial for the interaction between PSM-E and RACK1.

Conclusions
Notably, exosomes carrying PSM-E from PCa urine could potentially serve as a biomarker for PCa, and targeting exosomal PSM-E may represent a strategy for preventing tumor progression in this patient population.
Microbiologically modified bioorganic fertilizer and metal-tolerant Bacillus sp. MN54 regulate the nutrient homeostasis and boost phytoextraction efficiency of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in nickel-contaminated soil
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Abid Iqra , Mustafa Farhat , Ahmad Hamaad Raza , Alamri Saud , Siddiqui Manzer H. , Alfagham Alanoud T. , Mustafa Adnan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNickel (Ni) pollution in soil is a major environmental challenge to global food security necessitating its effective remediation. In this regard using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and bioorganic fertilizers (BOF) to increase the effectiveness of Ni phytoextraction together with hyper-accumulator plants is an effective strategy. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess how BOF, alone or in combination with Bacillus sp. MN54 (herein after referred to as BS), promotes the growth and detoxifies Ni in Brassica juncea L. under both non-contaminated and Ni-contaminated soil conditions. The experimental design included both non-spiked and Ni-spiked soils (with two Ni concentrations: 50 and 100 mg kg−1), with the addition of BS and BOF at two different application rates (1% and 2%). Results showed that Ni negatively affected the growth attributes and yield of Brassica juncea but the integrated incorporation of BOF and BS significantly improved plant growth and physiological attributes. However, Ni stress increased antioxidant enzyme activities and triggered the production of reactive oxygen species in the plants. Likewise, the highest increases in Ni bioconcentration factor (19.9%, 72.83%, and 74.2%), Ni bioaccumulation concentration (30.6%, 327.4%, and 366.8%), and Ni translocation factor (22.2%, 82%, and 69%) were observed in soils supplemented with 2% BOF and BS under non-contaminated, 50 mg kg−1, and 100 mg kg−1 Ni-stressed conditions, respectively. The enhanced plant growth with BS and BOF under Ni stress suggested that both could efficiently promote Ni phytoextraction and simultaneously improve soil health in Ni-contaminated soil. This highlighted their potential as sustainable soil amendments for remediating Ni-contaminated soils, promoting resilient plant growth and supporting long-term ecosystem recovery.
Beyond here and there? A description and typology of multi-transnational extended family configurations of refugees
Authors: Kraus Elisabeth K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe number of persons forcibly displaced across international borders increased significantly over the last decade and forced migrants’ spatial family configurations have diversified and are likely to show different patterns compared to what research has found for, e.g. labour migrants. This paper examines and disentangles the diversity of spatial family arrangements across countries of nuclear and extended family members of female and male forced migrants surveyed in Germany. Moreover, I propose a typology of refugees’ family configurations based on the whereabouts of the partner, children, parents, and siblings. The empirical analyses employ representative survey data of recent refugees from Eritrea and Syria collected in Germany in 2020. This dataset allows to account for the whereabouts of members of the nuclear as well as extended family. Descriptive statistics show the prevalence and distributions of locations of specific family members and cluster analysis is conducted to identify and propose a typology of spatial configurations of refugee families. Finally, multinomial logistic regressions are used to test associations between the obtained clusters and gender, country of origin and the financial situation, controlling for other characteristics. The findings indicate that multi-transnational family constellations beyond origin and destination countries are a common pattern among refugees, especially when considering nuclear as well as extended family members. Furthermore, different types of spatial family arrangements are related to gender and country of origin as well as family financial resources.
Fixation durations on familiar items are longer due to attenuation of exploration
Authors: Nahari Tal , Eldar Eran , Pertzov Yoni 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that fixations on familiar stimuli tend to be longer than on unfamiliar stimuli, theorized to be a result of retrieval of information from memory. We hypothesize that extended fixations are due to a lesser need to explore an already familiar stimulus. Participant's gaze was tracked as they tried to encode or retrieve a familiar face displayed either alone or alongside other unfamiliar faces. Regardless of the memory task (encoding\retrieval), longer fixation durations were observed when a single familiar face was presented alone, and not when presented among unfamiliar ones. Thus, fixations were not prolonged when it was possible to explore other, unfamiliar stimuli. We conclude that prolonged fixations on familiar stimuli reflect a lesser need to explore an already familiar percept. The results underscore how memory representations influence active sensing, yielding fresh insights into efficient deployment of attention resources. We conclude that fixation durations could be used in applied memory detection tests, preferably together with other measures and when the familiar stimulus is presented alone.
The impact of cybersecurity disclosure on banks’ performance: the moderating role of corporate governance in the MENA region
Authors: Elsayed Dalia Hussein , Ismail Tariq H. , Ahmed Eman Adel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aims to: (1) examine the impact of cybersecurity disclosure on banks’ performance and (2) explore whether the existence of a chief risk officer (CRO), an information technology (IT) committee, and a board of directors (BOD)’ size moderates the association between cybersecurity disclosure and bank performance. The study used manual textual analysis to measure cybersecurity disclosure in a sample of listed banks in the MENA region countries based on data from 2019 to 2021. The data were collected from annual reports and financial statements of banks available at Orbis Bank Focus database. The study employed a random effect regression model to test the hypotheses and discuss the results. The findings show that banks in the MENA region are increasingly interested in disclosing cybersecurity information, where cybersecurity disclosure over the sample years is increasing from 17% in 2019 to 19.6% in 2021. In addition, the results show that cybersecurity disclosure has a positive and significant influence on bank performance. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the presence of a CRO moderates the relationship between cybersecurity disclosure and bank performance. These findings show that depending largely on a bank's CRO to handle complex and dynamic risks can have serious consequences for decision making processes connected to managing cybersecurity risk and disclosure. This paper creates a new research paradigm by focusing on the disclosure of cybersecurity information in the MENA banking sector, where exploring the moderating role of the CRO, IT committee, and board size in enhancing the cybersecurity disclosure-bank performance relationship is lacking. The findings provide practical implications for various stakeholders, where it reveals the current practices of cybersecurity disclosure of banks in the MENA region with the objective of minimizing information asymmetry, maintaining public trust, and identifying potential risks of financial distress. In addition, the results direct the attention of banks and regulators toward the role of CRO in risk governance, particularly in managing cyber risks within the banking industry.
Evaluation of the Stronger Together Peer Mentoring Model Among Patients With Breast and Gynecologic Cancer in Viet Nam
Authors: Le PhuongThao D. , Taylor Carolyn , Do Mai T. , Monahan Rachel , Lee Sang , Sigireddi Meenakshi , Wang Cong , Cabanes Anna , Ginsburg Ophira , Tran Thanh Huong T. 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
Stronger Together is a peer mentoring model that seeks to address the severe lack of mental health and psychosocial support for patients with cancer in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This article presents the results of the Stronger Together pilot study among patients with breast and gynecologic cancer in Viet Nam (VN).

METHODS
Eligible participants comprised women age 25 years or older with a diagnosis of breast or gynecologic cancers and receiving treatment at four participating hospitals. Participants were asked whether they wanted to proceed with usual care or be matched with a trained and supervised peer mentor (a cancer survivor). Surveys were administered at baseline (0) and 2, 4, and 6 months and assessed depression, anxiety, stress, mental health and physical health components of quality of life (QOL), self-efficacy, and social support. We computed and compared 2-, 4-, and 6-month changes in scores from baseline and conducted difference-in-difference analyses to estimate the intervention effect at 6 months.

RESULTS
The sample size included N = 186 participants. Mentees (n = 91) exhibited improvements in depression, anxiety, stress, and mental health QOL across all time points, whereas usual care participants (n = 95) experienced these improvements at later periods (4 and 6 months). Compared with usual care participants, mentees reported greater improvements in depression at 2 and 4 months, mental health QOL at all time points, and self-efficacy and social support at 4 and 6 months. Greater improvements in stress were also seen in the breast cancer subsample.

CONCLUSION
Stronger Together is a promising model to improve mental health and psychosocial outcomes among patients with breast and gynecologic cancer in VN and can help fill gaps in cancer peer support interventions in many LMICs.
Association of BRAF V600E Allele Frequency With Clinicopathologic Outcomes in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Schumm Max A , Nikiforov Yuri E , Nikiforova Marina N , Wald Abigail I , Tseng Chi-Hong , Smooke-Praw Stephanie , Wu James X , Yeh Michael W , Livhits Masha J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context
BRAF V600E mutation is the most common genetic driver of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), where it is found with various allele frequency (AF), reflecting the proportion of cells carrying the mutant and wild-type gene alleles.

Objective
To determine whether BRAF V600E AF can improve prognostication and inform initial surgical management of PTC.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study (2016-2019) at UCLA Health included consecutive patients with Bethesda V/VI nodules and isolated BRAF V600E mutation who underwent surgery with histopathology showing PTC. Blinded ThyroSeq v3 molecular analysis was conducted after completion of initial management and follow-up. The risk of aggressive histopathology and cancer persistence/recurrence were assessed.

Results
Of 73 patients, the median BRAF V600E AF was 25.5% (IQR, 16.7%-34.3%). Higher median AF was seen in patients classified as American Thyroid Association high-risk (37%) vs intermediate-risk (25.3%, P &lt; .01) and low-risk (24.7%, P &lt; .01), largely attributed to higher AF in patients with gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (40.1% vs 25.2% without gross ETE, P = .02). No differences in AF were observed on the basis of lymph node positivity or presence of aggressive variants of PTC. A higher BRAF V600E AF was also found in patients with tumors ≥ 2 cm vs &lt; 2 cm (median 32.0% vs 24.4%, P &lt; .01). Over 4.1 years of follow-up, disease persistence/recurrence was found in 7 patients (9.4%) and was associated with higher median AF than those without recurrence (35.3% vs 25.2%, P = .02). Higher AF was associated with poorer recurrence-free survival (AF ≥ 35%; HR 7.40; CI, 1.4-38.1).

Conclusion
Higher AF was associated with gross ETE and increased recurrence risk. This may inform initial management in patients with PTC harboring an isolated BRAF V600E mutation.
Sex Differences in Glycemia and Self-management Strategies for Exercise in an Active Adult Cohort With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Yardley Jane E , Li Zoey , Zaharieva Dessi P , Riddell Michael C , Gal Robin L , Calhoun Peter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To examine potential differences in glucose levels during and after exercise between sexes in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
The Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative study was a prospective, 4-week free-living observational study in adults with type 1 diabetes. Ninety-one females were matched on age and insulin modality to 91 males. Participants completed exercise study videos and personal exercise sessions. Study-collected food, insulin, exercise, and glucose data surrounding exercise and on sedentary days were compared between sexes to examine how they impact glucose levels during and after exercise.

Results
Female participants had higher glucose levels than male participants when starting study exercise (8.5 ± 2.8 vs 8.0 ± 2.8 mmol/L, P = .01) and when starting personal exercise activities (8.4 ± 2.9 vs 7.8 ± 2.7 mmol/L; P = .05). Glucose declines during study exercise were comparable between female and male participants (adjusted mean: −0.8 vs −1.0 mmol/L, respectively; P = .11), but smaller in female participants during personal exercise (adjusted mean: −0.9 vs −1.4 mmol/L; P &lt; .001). Twenty-four-hour mean glucose levels were also higher in female participants on sedentary days (P = .04). Daily macronutrient consumption was similar between sexes after adjusting for weight, as were food, exercise, and insulin habits surrounding exercise.

Conclusion
Female participants had higher preexercise glucose levels compared to male participants and smaller glucose declines during personal exercise, but there were no observable differences in food, exercise, and insulin habits.
Structural Insights Into Thyroid Hormone Receptors
Authors: Tambones Izabella , le Maire Albane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are essential components of the endocrine system, mediating the cellular effects of thyroid hormones. The 2 TR genes, THRA and THRB, encode 4 isoforms, with TRα1 and TRβ1 being the most prevalent. TRs are ligand-dependent transcription factors and members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, indispensable for human growth, development, and metabolism. Dysfunctional TR signaling can lead to conditions such as resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) syndrome, thyroid cancer, and metabolic disorders. Structurally, TRs comprise several domains: a variable N-terminal domain, a conserved DNA-binding domain, and a ligand-binding domain that mediates interaction with hormones and transcriptional coregulators. TRs predominantly function as heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR), binding to thyroid hormone response elements in target genes to regulate their transcription. This review examines the structural studies on TRs, primarily performed through x-ray crystallography, that have provided detailed insights into TR functions, including DNA recognition, ligand binding, and coregulator interactions. We also discuss how these findings have deepened our understanding of TR mechanisms and contributed to the interpretation of pathogenic mutations.
Diabetes Remission After Radical Nephrectomy in a Geriatric Patient With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes—34 Months’ Follow-Up
Authors: Tripathi Pramod , Kadam Nidhi , Sharma Baby , Shah Manisha , Vijayakumar Venugopal , Kuppusamy Maheshkumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus significantly affects survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy, requiring personalized care. This case involved a 64-year-old man with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. He consented to a 1-year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), including a vegan diet (to lower calorie intake, reduce uric acid, support renal health, and promote weight loss), intermittent fasting, regular exercise, psychological support, and medical management. Quarterly biochemical assessments and monthly adherence evaluations were conducted. Post intervention, the patient achieved diabetes remission, maintaining glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) below 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) (reference range, &lt;6.5%; &lt;48 mmol/mol) without medication. He lost 36 kg (79.37 lb), reducing his body mass index from 35.3 to 25.1. His lipid profile normalized (total cholesterol, 175 to 127 mg/dL (4.53 to 3.29 mmol/L) (reference range, &lt;200 mg/dL; &lt;5.18 mmol/L); triglycerides, 155 to 73 mg/dL (1.75 to 0.82 mmol/L) (reference range, &lt;150 mg/dL; &lt;1.69 mmol/L), allowing the discontinuation of statins. Improvements in serum creatinine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were also observed. The patient exhibited normal glucose tolerance, consecutively passing an oral glucose tolerance test for 2 years. This case highlights the potential of lifestyle modifications in managing T2D in patients with a history of nephrectomy.