bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced partitioning of plastic strain for strong and yet ductile precipitate-strengthened alloys
Authors: Jones R. D. , Di Gioacchino F. , Lim H. , Edwards T. E. J. , Schwalbe C. , Battaile C. C. , Clegg W. J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhen a material that contains precipitates is deformed, the precipitates and the matrix may strain plastically by different amounts causing stresses to build up at the precipitate-matrix interfaces. If premature failure is to be avoided, it is therefore essential to reduce the difference in the plastic strain between the two phases. Here, we conduct nanoscale digital image correlation to measure a new variable that quantifies this plastic strain difference and show how its value can be used to estimate the associated interfacial stresses, which are found to be approximately three times greater in an Fe-Ni2AlTi steel than in the more ductile Ni-based superalloy CMSX-4®. It is then demonstrated that decreasing these stresses significantly improves the ability of the Fe-Ni2AlTi microstructure to deform under tensile loads without loss in strength.
Targeted linked-read sequencing for direct haplotype phasing of maternal DMD alleles: a practical and reliable method for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Jang Se Song , Lim Byung Chan , Yoo Seong-Keun , Shin Jong-Yeon , Kim Ki-Joong , Seo Jeong-Sun , Kim Jong-Il , Chae Jong Hee 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) of X-linked recessive diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), maternal haplotype phasing is a critical step for dosage analysis of the inherited allele. Until recently, the proband-based indirect haplotyping method has been preferred despite its limitations for use in clinical practice. Here, we describe a method for directly determining the maternal haplotype without requiring the proband’s DNA in DMD families. We used targeted linked-read deep sequencing (mean coverage of 692×) of gDNA from 5 mothers to resolve their haplotypes and predict the mutation status of the fetus. The haplotype of DMD alleles in the carrier mother was successfully phased through a targeted linked-read sequencing platform. Compared with the proband-based phasing method, linked-read sequencing was more accurate in differentiating whether the recombination events occurred in the proband or in the fetus. The predicted inheritance of the DMD mutation was diagnosed correctly in all 5 families in which the mutation had been confirmed using amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. Direct haplotyping by this targeted linked-read sequencing method could be used as a phasing method for the NIPD of DMD, especially when the genomic DNA of the proband is unavailable.
Demonstration of a terahertz pure vector beam by tailoring geometric phase
Authors: Wakayama Toshitaka , Higashiguchi Takeshi , Sakaue Kazuyuki , Washio Masakazu , Otani Yukitoshi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate the creation of a vector beam by tailoring geometric phase of left- and right- circularly polarized beams. Such a vector beam with a uniform phase has not been demonstrated before because a vortex phase remains in the beam. We focus on vortex phase cancellation to generate vector beams in terahertz regions, and measure the geometric phase of the beam and its spatial distribution of polarization. We conduct proof-of-principle experiments for producing a vector beam with radial polarization and uniform phase at 0.36 THz. We determine the vortex phase of the vector beam to be below 4%, thus highlighting the extendibility and availability of the proposed concept to the super broadband spectral region from ultraviolet to terahertz. The extended range of our proposed techniques could lead to breakthroughs in the fields of microscopy, chiral nano-materials, and quantum information science.
Lobohedleolide suppresses hepatitis C virus replication via JNK/c-Jun-C/EBP-mediated down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression
Authors: Lin Chun-Kuang , Tseng Chin-Kai , Liaw Chih-Chuang , Huang Chiung-Yao , Wei Chih-Ku , Sheu Jyh-Horng , Lee Jin-Ching 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infects 2–3% people of the global population, which leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug resistance remains a serious problem that limits the effectiveness of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs against HCV proteins. The objective of our study was to discover new antivirals from natural products to supplement current therapeutics. We demonstrated that lobohedleolide, isolated from the Formosan soft coral Lobophytum crassum, significantly reduced HCV replication in replicon cells and JFH-1 infection system, with EC50 values of 10 ± 0.56 and 22 ± 0.75 μM, respectively, at non-toxic concentrations. We further observed that the inhibitory effect of lobohedleolide on HCV replication is due to suppression of HCV-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Based on deletion-mutant analysis of the COX-2 promoter, we identified CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) as a key transcription factor for the down-regulation of COX-2 by lobohedleolide, through which lobohedleolide decreased the phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase and c-Jun to suppress HCV-induced C/EBP expression. The combination treatment of lobohedleolide with clinically used HCV drugs synergistically reduced HCV RNA replication, indicating that lobohedleolide exhibited a high biomedical potential to be used as a supplementary therapeutic agent to control HCV infection.
High resolution XUV Fourier transform holography on a table top
Authors: Tadesse G. K. , Eschen W. , Klas R. , Hilbert V. , Schelle D. , Nathanael A. , Zilk M. , Steinert M. , Schrempel F. , Pertsch T. , Tünnermann A. , Limpert J. , Rothhardt J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractToday, coherent imaging techniques provide the highest resolution in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and X-ray regions. Fourier transform holography (FTH) is particularly unique, providing robust and straightforward image reconstruction at the same time. Here, we combine two important advances: First, our experiment is based on a table-top light source which is compact, scalable and highly accessible. Second, we demonstrate the highest resolution ever achieved with FTH at any light source (34 nm) by utilizing a high photon flux source and cutting-edge nanofabrication technology. The performance, versatility and reliability of our approach allows imaging of complex wavelength-scale structures, including wave guiding effects within these structures, and resolving embedded nanoscale features, which are invisible for electron microscopes. Our work represents an important step towards real-world applications and a broad use of XUV imaging in many areas of science and technology. Even nanoscale studies of ultra-fast dynamics are within reach.
Decreased MiR-128-3p alleviates the progression of rheumatoid arthritis by up-regulating the expression of TNFAIP3
Authors: Xia Zhongbin , Meng Fanru , Liu Ying , Fang Yuxuan , Wu Xia , Zhang Chunwang , Liu Dan , Li Guoqing 
Published: May 2018

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a inflammatory disease that characterized with the destruction of synovial joint, which could induce disability. Inflammatory response mediated the RA. It has been reported that MiR-128-3p is significantly increased in RA, while the potential role was still unclear.
Methods: T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) were isolated from the peripheral blood from people of RA and normal person were used. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of MiR-128-3p, while the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) was determined using Western blot. The levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of CD69 and CD25 was detected using flow cytometry. The RA mouse model was constructed for verification of the role of MiR-128-3p.
Results: The expression of MiR-128-3p was significantly increased, while TNFAIP3 was decreased, the levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were also increased in the T cells of RA patients. Down-regulated MiR-128-3p significantly suppressed the expression of p-IkBα and CD69, and CD25in T cells. MiR-128-3p targets TNFAIP3 to regulate its expression. MiR-128-3p knockdown significantly suppressed the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and T cells by up-regulating TNFAIP3, while cells co-transfected with si-TNFAIP3 abolished the effects of MiR-128-3p knockdown. The in vivo experiments verified the potential role of MiR-128-3p on RA.
Conclusion: Down-regulated MiR-128-3p significantly suppressed the inflammation response of RA through suppressing the activity of NF-κB pathway, which was mediated by TNFAIP3.
Locating power transformer fault based on sweep frequency response measurement by a novel multistage approach
Authors: Jahan Mohammad Sadegh , Keypour Reza , Izadfar Hamid Reza , Keshavarzi Mohammad Taghi 
Published: May 2018

The windings of the power transformers are prone to deformation or displacement as a result of huge electromagnetic forces. Regular monitoring of transformers for detecting minor winding movements is crucial for preventing them from developing into major faults and eventually, causing an outage. In this study, a novel procedure is proposed to determine the location and severity of the disk space variation, a frequently occurring mechanical damage in transformers, by developing a two‐level method. At the first level, an accurate model of the winding is determined from sweep frequency response analysis measured data corresponding to the healthy status. Analysis and interpretation of the obtained results by the proposed fault detector algorithm lead to locating the position and severity of the fault, in the next level. The process of determining the winding model from the frequency response analysis data is achieved by a multistage method utilising an enhanced version of magnetic optimisation algorithm, which comprises of utilising Fourier series coefficients and phase functions, and fast calculation of coupled network matrices. Experimental results of two 64 kV transformer windings verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting the winding faults.
Finding flares in Kepler data using machine-learning tools
Authors: Vida Krisztián , Roettenbacher Rachael M. 
Published: May 2018

Context. Archives of long photometric surveys, such as the Kepler database, are a great basis for studying flares. However, identifying the flares is a complex task; it is easily done in the case of single-target observations by visual inspection, but is nearly impossible for several year-long time series for several thousand targets. Although automated methods for this task exist, several problems are difficult (or impossible) to overcome with traditional fitting and analysis approaches.
Aims. We introduce a code for identifying and analyzing flares based on machine-learning methods, which are intrinsically adept at handling such data sets.
Methods. We used the RANSAC (RANdom SAmple Consensus) algorithm to model light curves, as it yields robust fits even in the case of several outliers, such as flares. The light curves were divided into search windows, approximately on the order of the stellar rotation period. This search window was shifted over the data set, and a voting system was used to keep false positives to a minimum: only those flare candidate points were kept that were identified as a flare in several windows.
Results. The code was tested on short-cadence K2 observations of TRAPPIST-1 and on long-cadence Kepler data of KIC 1722506. The detected flare events and flare energies are consistent with earlier results from manual inspections.
Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Trauma
Authors: Sandstrom Claire , O'Keefe Grant , Balmadrid Bryan , Johnson Guy , Stewart Barclay 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPancreatic injury occurs in less than 5% of patients who sustain blunt trauma. However, the significant morbidity and mortality associated with pancreatic injury demands a high index of suspicion, a thorough understanding of diagnostic modalities and management options, and access to a multidisciplinary team versed with care of patients with pancreatic injuries. In addition to conventional diagnostic tools and surgery, use of multidetector computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and percutaneous techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis and management of these complex injuries. Surgical management is now reserved for injuries found at the time of laparotomy, high-grade injuries, and complications of pancreatic injury not amenable or refractory to percutaneous and endoscopic treatments.
Clinical Outcomes among Diagnostic Subgroups of Infants with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia through 2 Years of Age
Authors: Akangire Gangaram , Manimtim Winston , Nyp Michael , Noel-MacDonnell Janelle , Kays Allyssa , Truog William , Taylor Jane 
Published: May 2018

Objective This article aimed to identify readmission risk factors through 2 years of life for infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who do not require tracheostomy and ventilatory support after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge. It also aimed to identify if clinical differences exist between the subcategories of severe BPD.
Study Design A retrospective chart review was performed on 182 infants with severe BPD born between 2010 and 2015. A total of 130 infants met the inclusion criteria and were stratified into three groups based on their respiratory status at 36 weeks of gestational age: group A—oxygen (O2), group B—assisted ventilation (AV), group C—both O2 and AV. NICU clinical risk factors for readmission were assessed at set time points (6/12/18/24 months). Reasons for readmission were assessed for the entire cohort and severe BPD subgroups.
Conclusion An NICU diagnosis of neurologic abnormality, necrotizing enterocolitis, invasive NICU infection, dysphagia, and O2 at NICU discharge differed between the three subgroups of severe BPD. The most common cause of readmission was viral respiratory tract infection. Inhaled steroid use remained stable over time, while oxygen use and diuretic use declined over time. Risk factors for readmission in the entire cohort included g-tube, O2 use, and diuretic use at 12 months. There was no significant difference in readmission rates between the three BPD subgroups.
Trends in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Last Decade: A Web-Based Analysis
Authors: Yucens Mehmet , Aydemir Ahmet Nadir 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is known to be one of the most common knee joint injuries. ACL reconstruction can be similar to the native ACL in respect of graft morphology, tension, position, and orientation. ACL reconstruction can be applied with different surgery techniques, graft and fixation devices, and rehabilitation as ACL reconstruction is just as important as surgery. Although commonly known as a sports injury, ACL injuries are increasingly seen in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the trends in ACL injury treatment in the last decade especially the graft choice. The abstracts of a total of 2,622 papers which stated ACL in the title were investigated through a search on the Web of Knowledge. Main topics were created as the ACL reconstruction theme. ACL reconstruction was examined in the abstracts with graft choice as the main theme followed by single bundle, double bundle, sports, rehabilitation, revision, complication, skeletally immature, biomechanics and kinematics, fixation devices, meniscus, anesthesia and pain, tunnel, cell, and intra-articular injection. Of the total 2,622 documents, 2,129 were original articles and 181 were reviews. Most of the documents, 436 in number (16.6%), were published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine, followed by the Journal of Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy at 264. Of the total documents published, 36.3% were from the United States followed by 8.5% from Japan. The author with the most publications was F.H. Fu with 94 publications followed by B.R. Bach with 41 publications. The hamstring graft was most used at 187 single use and comprising 52% of the total graft combinations. Most papers were published in 2016. In 2012, single and double bundle grafts were determined to a total of 23. The most common title investigated in papers was biomechanics and kinematics with a total of 241 publications followed by rehabilitation at 208. Throughout the years of the study period, the most common graft choice was hamstring autograft. Biomechanics and kinematics was the most common title investigated as biomechanics and rehabilitation are known to be just as important as surgery for a successful outcome and patient satisfaction.
Nonoperative Management of Splenic Trauma: An Update
Authors: Walker John , Haq Aftab , Suri Rajeev 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSplenic injuries continue to be a common solid organ injury among trauma victims. Practice outcomes continue to improve with centers now routinely incorporating endovascular therapy into nonoperative management protocols. Since such incorporation, endovascular practice patterns continue to evolve as more data regarding outcomes concerning approach, embolic techniques, and time to intervention become available. These data are driving trauma centers to adopt multidisciplinary protocols with standardization of triage to nonoperative management, imaging, and endovascular interventions. This review aims to provide the interventionalist with an overview of existing and upcoming practice patterns.
Synthesis of oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds based on monoterpenoids
Authors: Patrusheva Oksana S. , Volcho Konstantin P. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F. 
Published: May 2018

The review integrates data on the synthesis of chiral oxygen-containing heterocycles of various structural types by reactions of monoterpenoids with carbonyl compounds. Depending on the structure of the monoterpene and carbonyl components and the catalyst used, these reactions lead to mono-, bi-, tri- or tetracyclic products. The possible reaction mechanisms are discussed and data on the biological activities of the products are given.The bibliography includes 125 references.
Nanosized vehicles for delivery of photosensitizers in photodynamic diagnosis and therapy of cancer
Authors: Mironov Andrey F. , Zhdanova Kseniya A. , Bragina Natal’ya A. 
Published: May 2018

The review summarizes the state of the art of research in the field of nanosized vehicles for delivery of photosensitizers for diagnosis and treatment of malignant neoplasms by photodynamic cancer therapy. Data on the utilization of porphyrin- and phthalocyanine-based photosensitizers in medical practice, the employment of vehicles for their delivery and the development of new effective medications are considered. The review focuses on the most commonly used and proven vehicles based on lipids, lipoproteins and polymers. Strategies for increasing efficiency of nanosized delivery vehicles using various vector molecules specific to different types of cancer are discussed. A systematic analysis of the published data is presented and the available tools for increasing the efficacy of photodynamic therapy by means of nanosized delivery vehicles are assessed.The bibliography includes 188 references.
Catalytic asymmetric oxidations using molecular oxygen
Authors: Ottenbacher Roman V. , Talsi Evgenii P. , Bryliakov Konstantin P. 
Published: May 2018

Catalytic enantioselective oxygen transfer reactions have been a long-standing goal of synthetic chemistry. The use of molecular oxygen in these oxidations has engaged significant research efforts for decades. The present review considers the state of the art of aerobic asymmetric oxidations mediated by chiral organocatalysts and transition metal catalysts, occurring with formation of new C–O bonds, i.e. oxygenations. The milestones and limitations of existing approaches are discussed, with focus on catalyst design and catalytic performance.
The bibliography includes 41 references.
Commentary pragmatic markers in Nigerian English
Authors: Unuabonah Foluke Olayinka , Gut Ulrike 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the use of commentary pragmatic markers in Nigerian English. The frequency and stylistic variability of five types of commentary markers – assessment, manner of speaking, evidential, hearsay and emphasis markers – were examined in ICE-Nigeria and compared with ICE-Great Britain. The results reveal that Nigerian English has patterns of use of pragmatic markers that differ systematically from British English: speakers of Nigerian English use an overall lower frequency and a reduced inventory of commentary pragmatic markers compared to British English, show distinct preference patterns for individual pragmatic markers and demonstrate different stylistic variability in the use of pragmatic markers. Some of the preference patterns may be influenced by Nigerian languages and socio-cultural norms.
Register variation in spoken British English
Authors: Laws Jacqueline , Ryder Chris 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to identify the effect of register variation in spoken British English on the occurrence of the four principal verb-forming suffixes: ‑ate, ‑en, ‑ifyand ‑ize, by building on the work ofBiber et al. (1999),Plag et al. (1999)andSchmid (2011). Register variation effects were compared between the less formal Demographically-Sampled and the more formal Context-Governed components of the original 1994 version of the British National Corpus. The pattern of ‑izederivatives revealed the most marked register-based differences with respect to frequency counts and the creation of neologisms, whereas ‑enderivatives varied the least compared with the other three suffixes. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of these suffix profiles in the context of spoken language reveal markers of register formality that have not hitherto been explored; derivative usage patterns provide an additional dimension to previous research on register variation which has mainly focused on grammatical and lexical features of language.
Shell noun use in English argumentative essays by native speakers of Japanese, Turkish, and English
Authors: Schanding Brian , Pae Hye K. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Shell noun (SN) use in learner writing has been studied in terms of SN choices and SN pattern choices, but less so in terms of SN-pattern co-selection (i.e. which patterns are used with which SNs). This study examined English SN choices and their preferred lexicogrammatical patterns in argumentative essays by speakers of Turkish and Japanese in order to find SN-pattern attraction in learner writing, compared to SN use in writing of native English speakers. Results indicate that learners understand SN functions, given pattern frequencies comparable to those of native speakers. However, there were differences among groups in which SNs were most strongly attracted to or repelled by the SN patterns. This prompted a qualitative investigation. Findings of non-native SN use are discussed with respect to word-sense categories and clause marking. Suggestions are made for further research.
Precision and imprecision in second language pronunciation
Authors: Levis John M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Any discipline requires precision in critical issues while tolerating and perhaps even welcoming imprecision in other respects. This editorial discusses areas in second language pronunciation research in which precision is required (the use of terminology such as intelligibility and comprehensibility), where it is not always required to the same extent (the use of phonetic and phonemic symbols), and where it is rarely required (in how L2 learners are given explanations or ways to pronounce more accurately). The article then describes the content of the full-length articles, commentary and reviews.