bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytophthora infestans small phospholipase D‐like proteins elicit plant cell death and promote virulence
Authors: Meijer Harold J. G. , Schoina Charikleia , Wang Shutong , Bouwmeester Klaas , Hua Chenlei , Govers Francine 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe successful invasion of host tissue by (hemi‐)biotrophic plant pathogens is dependent on modifications of the host plasma membrane to facilitate the two‐way transfer of proteins and other compounds. Haustorium formation and the establishment of extrahaustorial membranes are probably dependent on a variety of enzymes that modify membranes in a coordinated fashion. Phospholipases, enzymes that hydrolyse phospholipids, have been implicated as virulence factors in several pathogens. The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a hemibiotrophic pathogen that causes potato late blight. It possesses different classes of phospholipase D (PLD) proteins, including small PLD‐like proteins with and without signal peptide (sPLD‐likes and PLD‐likes, respectively). Here, we studied the role of sPLD‐like‐1, sPLD‐like‐12 and PLD‐like‐1 in the infection process. They are expressed in expanding lesions on potato leaves and during in vitro growth, with the highest transcript levels in germinating cysts. When expressed in planta in the presence of the silencing suppressor P19, all three elicited a local cell death response that was visible at the microscopic level as autofluorescence and strongly boosted in the presence of calcium. Moreover, inoculation of leaves expressing the small PLD‐like genes resulted in increased lesion growth and greater numbers of sporangia, but this was abolished when mutated PLD‐like genes were expressed with non‐functional PLD catalytic motifs. These results show that the three small PLD‐likes are catalytically active and suggest that their enzymatic activity is required for the promotion of virulence, possibly by executing membrane modifications to support the growth of P. infestans in the host.
Onset of estrus and preovulatory LH surge and ovulatory efficiency in sheep after short‐term treatments with progestagen‐sponges and progesterone‐CIDRs
Authors: Martinez‐Ros Paula , Astiz Susana , Garcia‐Rosello Empar , Rios‐Abellan Alejandro , Gonzalez‐Bulnes Antonio 
Published: September 2018

ContentsThe present study supports that short‐term (7‐days) protocols based on progestagen‐impregnated sponges and progesterone‐loaded CIDRs are equally effective to induce ovulatory response in sheep. There were no significant differences in the onset of estrus behavior (32.0 ± 6.0 and 33.8 ± 4.0 hr after device withdrawal for sponges and CIDRs, respectively; p > 0.05) and preovulatory LH discharge (5.1 ± 2.1 and 5.8 ± 3.3 hr after onset of estrus behavior for sponges and CIDRs, respectively; p > 0.05). These features are similar to previously described for classical long‐term (12–14 days) treatments. Hence, short‐term CIDR‐based protocols may be implemented using the same time‐intervals for insemination than sponge‐based and long‐term protocols.
Acute kidney injury caused by systemic Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection after successful kidney transplantation
Authors: Harada Hiroshi , Mitsuke Akihiko , Fukuzawa Nobuyuki , Kodama Fumihiro , Hirose Takayuki , Tanaka Toshiaki , Imamoto Teppei , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNeisseria gonorrhoeae is one of the microbes that can causes male urethritis. This microbe is most likely to be transmitted via sexual intercourse. In men, the representative infection sites are the urethra, and oral mucosa but gonococcemia is rere. We present a case of gonococcemia in a 47‐year‐old male successful kidney recipient. He temporarily lost his graft function due to acute kidney injury followed by sepsis; however, short‐course intermittent hemodialysis and long‐term intensive ceftriaxone inoculation saved his life and his graft function.
Progress in voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention supported by the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through 2017: longitudinal and recent cross-sectional programme data
Authors: Davis Stephanie M , Hines Jonas Z , Habel Melissa , Grund Jonathan M , Ridzon Renee , Baack Brittney , Davitte Jonathan , Thomas Anne , Kiggundu Valerian , Bock Naomi , Pordell Paran , Cooney Caroline , Zaidi Irum , Toledo Carlos 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThis article provides an overview and interpretation of the performance of the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief’s (PEPFAR’s) male circumcision programme which has supported the majority of voluntary medical male circumcisions (VMMCs) performed for HIV prevention, from its 2007 inception to 2017, and client characteristics in 2017.DesignLongitudinal collection of routine programme data and disaggregations.Setting14 countries in sub-Saharan Africa with low baseline male circumcision coverage, high HIV prevalence and PEPFAR-supported VMMC programmes.ParticipantsClients of PEPFAR-supported VMMC programmes directed at males aged 10 years and above.Main outcome measuresNumbers of circumcisions performed and disaggregations by age band, result of HIV test offer, procedure technique and follow-up visit attendance.ResultsPEPFAR supported a total of 15 269 720 circumcisions in 14 countries in Southern and Eastern Africa. In 2017, 45% of clients were under 15 years of age, 8% had unknown HIV status, 1% of those tested were HIV+ and 84% returned for a follow-up visit within 14 days of circumcision.ConclusionsOver 15 million VMMCs have been supported by PEPFAR since 2007. VMMC continues to attract primarily young clients. The non-trivial proportion of clients not testing for HIV is expected, and may be reassuring that testing is not being presented as mandatory for access to circumcision, or in some cases reflect test kit stockouts or recent testing elsewhere. While VMMC is extremely safe, achieving the highest possible follow-up rates for early diagnosis and intervention on complications is crucial, and programmes continue to work to raise follow-up rates. The VMMC programme has achieved rapid scale-up but continues to face challenges, and new approaches may be needed to achieve the new Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS goal of 27 million additional circumcisions through 2020.
Convergent parallel mixed-methods study to understand information exchange in paediatric critical care and inform the development of safety-enhancing interventions: a protocol study
Authors: Tomasi Jessica , Warren Carly , Kolodzey Lauren , Pinkney Sonia , Guerguerian Anne-Marie , Kirsch Roxanne , Hubbert Jackie , Sperling Christina , Sutton Patricia , Laussen Peter , Trbovich Patricia 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionThe effective exchange of clinical information is essential to high-quality patient care, especially in the critical care unit (CCU) where communication failures can have profoundly negative impacts on critically ill patients with limited physiological capacity to tolerate errors. A comprehensive systematic characterisation of information exchange within a CCU is needed to inform the development and implementation of effective, contextually appropriate interventions. The objective of this study is to characterise when, where and how healthcare providers exchange clinical information in the Department of Critical Care Medicine at The Hospital for Sick Children and explore the factors that currently facilitate or counter established best rounding practices therein.Methods and analysisA convergent parallel mixed-methods study design will be used to collect, analyse and interpret quantitative and qualitative data. Naturalistic observations of rounds and relevant peripheral information exchange activities will be conducted to collect time-stamped event data on workflow and communication patterns (time–motion data) and field notes. To complement observational data, the subjective perspectives of healthcare providers and patient families will be gathered through surveys and interviews. Departmental metrics will be collected to further contextualise the environment. Time–motion data will be analysed quantitatively; patterns in field note, survey and interview results will be examined based on themes identified deductively from literature and/or inductively based on the data collected (thematic analysis). The proactive triangulation of these systemic, procedural and contextual data will inform the design and implementation of efficacious interventions in future work.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional research ethics approval has been acquired (REB #1000059173). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences. Findings will be presented to stakeholders including interdisciplinary staff, departmental management and leadership and families to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the exchange of clinical information in its current state and develop user-centred recommendations for improvement.
The role of osteopathy in the Swiss primary health care system: a practice review
Authors: Vaucher Paul , Macdonald Mia , Carnes Dawn 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe osteopathic activity and scope of practice to understand the current and future role of osteopathy in the Swiss healthcare system.DesignA questionnaire survey that included a patient record-based retrospective clinical audit.Setting/populationOsteopaths with a national diploma (n=1086) were invited by mail to participate in an online survey. Osteopathic assistants (n=84) were identified through their national association.QuestionnaireThe survey was constructed from previous surveys and tested for face validity with experts, osteopaths and patient representatives. The questionnaires were completed online in English, German and French between April and August 2017. Osteopaths anonymously reported information about themselves, their practice, and the treatment and care for four randomly selected patients they managed in 2016.ResultsThe response rate from the survey was 44.5% (521/1171). Data on osteopathic care were collected for 1144 patients and 3449 consultations. In 2016, osteopaths saw approximately 6.8% of the Swiss population for 1700 000 consultations and an overall estimated cost of 200 million Swiss francs. 76% of patients sought care directly without a referral from another care provider. Few osteopaths (<1%) work in a hospital setting and 46% work in isolation in private practice. Infants (under 2 years old) made up 10% of all patients and 9% of patients were ≥65 years. Patients most commonly sought treatment for musculoskeletal conditions (81%) with the spine being the most frequent location (66%). Treatments also included exercise advice (34.2%) and lifestyle management (35.4%). Fewer than 1 patient out of 10 were referred to another health profession or provider.ConclusionsIn Switzerland, osteopathic care represents an important first line management for musculoskeletal conditions that alleviates some of the burden of care in the Swiss primary healthcare system.
Prevalence of long-term health conditions in adults with autism: observational study of a whole country population
Authors: Rydzewska Ewelina , Hughes-McCormack Laura Anne , Gillberg Christopher , Henderson Angela , MacIntyre Cecilia , Rintoul Julie , Cooper Sally-Ann 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of comorbid mental health conditions and physical disabilities in a whole country population of adults aged 25+ with and without reported autism.DesignSecondary analysis of Scotland’s Census, 2011 data. Cross-sectional study.SettingGeneral population.Participants94% of Scotland’s population, including 6649/3 746 584 adults aged 25+ reported to have autism.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of six comorbidities: deafness or partial hearing loss, blindness or partial sight loss, intellectual disabilities, mental health conditions, physical disability and other condition; ORs (95% CI) of autism predicting these comorbidities, adjusted for age and gender; and OR for age and gender in predicting comorbidities within the population with reported autism.ResultsComorbidities were common: deafness/hearing loss—17.5%; blindness/sight loss—12.1%; intellectual disabilities—29.4%; mental health conditions—33.0%; physical disability—30.7%; other condition—34.1%. Autism statistically predicted all of the conditions: OR 3.3 (95% CI 3.1 to 3.6) for deafness or partial hearing loss, OR 8.5 (95% CI 7.9 to 9.2) for blindness or partial sight loss, OR 94.6 (95% CI 89.4 to 100.0) for intellectual disabilities, OR 8.6 (95% CI 8.2 to 9.0) for mental health conditions, OR 6.2 (95% CI 5.8 to 6.6) for physical disability and OR 2.6 (95% CI 2.5 to 2.8) for other condition. Contrary to findings within the general population, female gender predicted all conditions within the population with reported autism, including intellectual disabilities (OR=1.4).ConclusionsClinicians need heightened awareness of comorbidities in adults with autism to improve detection and suitable care, especially given the added complexity of assessment in this population and the fact that hearing and visual impairments may cause additional difficulties with reciprocal communication which are also a feature of autism; hence posing further challenges in assessment.
Effect of Fixation Type and Bone Graft on Tarsometatarsal Fusion
Authors: Buda Matteo , Hagemeijer Noortje Catharina , Kink Shaun , Johnson Anne Holly , Guss Daniel , DiGiovanni Christopher William 
Published: September 2018

Background: End-stage tarsometatarsal (TMT) arthritis is commonly treated with arthrodesis of involved joints. Fixation hardware can consist of varying combinations of screws, plates, and staples with or without supplemental bone graft. There are limited data to demonstrate either superiority of a given fixation method or the impact of bone graft on fusion rates. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine whether nonunion rates after TMT arthrodesis were influenced by either the use of screw vs plate fixation or the addition of bone graft vs no bone graft. Methods: All patients older than 18 years undergoing arthrodesis for TMT arthritis between July 1991 and July 2016 were identified retrospectively. Exclusion criteria included less than 12 months follow-up, prior midfoot surgery, any added procedure beyond TMT arthrodesis using plates or screws, and acute foot trauma. All patients with radiographic or clinical nonunion, including those requiring revision surgery, were identified. Demographic data and associated risk factors were recorded via chart and radiographic image review. Eighty-eight patients (88 feet, mean follow-up: 75.1 ± 51.4; range, 12-179), with a total of 189 joints and who met enrollment criteria were treated by 9 different surgeons with arthrodesis. Results: The overall nonunion rate was 11.4%. Significant independent risk factors associated with nonunion were (1) arthrodesis using plate fixation with all screws through the plate (odds ratio [OR], 6.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-21.3; P = .004), (2) smoking during the perioperative period (OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.1-30.2; P = .002), and (3) postoperative nonanatomic alignment (OR, 11.2; 95% CI, 2.1-60.8; P = .005). Bone graft utilization was found to significantly lower the rate of nonunion (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.6; P = .006). Conclusion: Isolated plate fixation, smoking, and postoperative nonanatomic alignment appear to significantly increase the rate of nonunion among patients undergoing TMT arthrodesis for midfoot arthritis. Concomitant use of autogenous bone graft significantly decreased this risk. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Leflunomide therapy for refractory cytomegalovirus infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Wang Emily , Jan Anna S , Doan Vi P , Ferguson Jill B , Yeh Jason C 
Published: September 2018

Background Currently, there are no prospective, randomized trials analyzing leflunomide for the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection or disease in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients. Objective The primary objective of this case series was to determine the clinical and virological responses of utilizing leflunomide as therapy for refractory cytomegalovirus infections, unresponsive to first-line therapy in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients. Additionally, patient and leflunomide specific characteristics were identified and determined in this descriptive case series. Methods This is a single-center, case series of adult allogeneic stem cell transplant patients with refractory cytomegalovirus infections receiving leflunomide between 1 January 2005 and 31 March 2015. Results A total of 14 patients with refractory cytomegalovirus infections received leflunomide. All patients received concurrent anti-cytomegalovirus therapy. Nine of 13 patients tested positive for phosphotransferase UL97 and/or viral DNA polymerase UL54 genotype mutations. Nine patients achieved a virological response with undetectable cytomegalovirus titers. Of the 13 patients with teriflunomide serum levels, eight patients maintained levels >40 micrograms/milliliter (mcg/mL). Common adverse effects were pancytopenia (n = 8) and elevated liver function tests (n = 4). Conclusions Despite current strategies, refractory or recurrent cytomegalovirus infection and disease remain a clinical challenge to treat in the stem cell transplant patient population. Leflunomide used in combination with other concomitant therapies use for refractory cytomegalovirus infection in clinical practice may be a safe and effective option in the allogeneic stem cell transplant patient population.
Engagement: Narrative ways of working with men when domestic violence is noticed in couple counselling
Authors: Wendt Sarah , Buchanan Fiona , Dolman Chris , Moss Dan 
Published: September 2018

Summary This article reports on a project that explored the complexities of engaging and working with men when domestic violence is noticed in a couple counselling context. There are concerns and controversy surrounding domestic violence and couple counselling; however, it has also been noted that many couples want to remain together and voluntarily approach services for couple counselling. The project reported on in this paper adopted a qualitative methodological design influenced by participatory action research ideas and memory work methods to analyse engagement of men used by nine social work family relationship counsellors. Findings Counsellors used narrative therapy ideas to maintain a stance of curiosity when working with couples when domestic violence was noticed. Curiosity was described as a way of opening up conversations to explore power differences and gender relations and as a method to balance safety with engagement. Specific engagement strategies identified included identifying ethics as a conversation point to explore the effects of power, violence and fear perpetrated by the male partners; exploring dynamics of power and control in relationships and exploring other possibilities in relationships. Applications Alongside debates about the effectiveness and success in domestic violence men’s perpetration intervention programmes, there is a need to look at engagement of men more broadly. Family relationship counselling can be viewed as an opportunity to engage with men where domestic violence is noticed. Engagement of men is an important piece of practice that can potentially set up effective and successful behaviour change when responding to domestic violence.
Der Streit um das Menschenbild Der Konflikt zwischen Wissenschaft und Lebenswelt in biblischer Perspektive
Authors: Link Christian 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This contribution has its point of departure in an analysis of the tendency of modern brain research to trace mental processes back to neuronal functions, thereby negating human freedom (of will) and subjectivity. In its critique of this tendency, the essay invokes phenomenological evidence that human beings ascribe intentionality and responsibility to themselves and others. With regard to methodology, it denies any primacy of »explaining« over against »understan­ding«. The author counters any »physicalism« with the biblical »idea of humanity« determi­ning humans as God’s creatures. The prohibition of idolatry helps to avoid definitional prede­terminations and creates space for a freedom that serves as orientation through God-likeness.
Metabolic activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria from rodents with colitis
Authors: Kováč Jozef , Vítězová Monika , Kushkevych Ivan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are anaerobic microorganisms, which use sulfate as an electron acceptor in the process of dissimilatory sulfate reduction. The final metabolic product of these anaerobic microorganisms is hydrogen sulfide, which is known as toxic and can lead to damage to epithelial cells of the large intestine at high concentrations. Different genera of SRB are detected in the large intestine of healthy human and animals, and with diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. SRB isolated from rodents with ulcerative colitis have produced 1.14 (mice) and 1.03 (rats) times more sulfide ions than healthy rodents. The species of Desulfovibrio genus are the most widespread among all SRB in the intestine. The object of our research was to observe and compare the difference of production of sulfide and reduction of sulfate in intestinal SRB isolated from healthy rodents and rodents with ulcerative colitis.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(2-bromo-4-chloro-6-formylphenolato-κ2
O,O′)cobalt(II), C16H16Cl2CrN3O7
Authors: Wu Qiong , Tang Yafang , Xu Li , Lei Yuan , Liu Ting , Jiang Fang , Zi Qiaoli , Qiao Yongfeng 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
C14H10Br2Cl2CoO6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.578(2) Å, b = 27.729(11) Å, c = 8.634(2) Å, β = 101.36(3)°, V = 1778.8(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0668, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1452, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of 9-butoxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-imidazo[1,5-a]quinolin-10-ium bromide, C17H21O2N2Br
Authors: Bo Zhao , Shilu Zhang 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
C17H21O2N2Br, orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 36), a = 20.179(12) Å, b = 10.902(7) Å, c = 15.026(9) Å, V = 3306(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0465, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1276, T = 296(2) K.
The Arithmetic Tutte polynomial of two matrices associated to Trees
Authors: Bapat R. B. , Sivasubramanian Sivaramakrishnan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Arithmetic matroids arising from a list A of integral vectors in Zn are of recent interest and the arithmetic Tutte polynomial MA(x, y) of A is a fundamental invariant with deep connections to several areas. In this work, we consider two lists of vectors coming from the rows of matrices associated to a tree T. Let T = (V, E) be a tree with |V| = n and let LT be the q-analogue of its Laplacian L in the variable q. Assign q = r for r ∈ ℤ with r/= 0, ±1 and treat the n rows of LT after this assignment as a list containing elements of ℤn. We give a formula for the arithmetic Tutte polynomial MLT (x, y) of this list and show that it depends only on n, r and is independent of the structure of T. An analogous result holds for another polynomial matrix associated to T: EDT, the n × n exponential distance matrix of T. More generally, we give formulae for the multivariate arithmetic Tutte polynomials associated to the list of row vectors of these two matriceswhich shows that even the multivariate arithmetic Tutte polynomial is independent of the tree T. As a corollary, we get the Ehrhart polynomials of the following zonotopes: - ZEDT obtained from the rows of EDT and - ZLT obtained from the rows of LT. Further, we explicitly find the maximum volume ellipsoid contained in the zonotopes ZEDT, ZLT and show that the volume of these ellipsoids are again tree independent for fixed n, q. A similar result holds for the minimum volume ellipsoid containing these zonotopes.