bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The perceptions of secondary school students regarding the learning of computer programming at Key Stage 4 in the revised curriculum in England: problems and solutions.
Authors: Almdahem Almabrok 
Published: November 2024

Programming is becoming progressively important for many societies in the world today. It is also required in educational institutions and is especially important for students who will be graduating and looking for employment opportunities in the future. However, the teaching of a programming is not well developed in many secondary schools in different areas in England. Today, teaching programming is considered to be of the priority domain of several countries in the twenty-first century. Interest in this domain is wide and the amount of research conducted in the field is numerous.
This study was designed to investigate and to aid a critical students’ understanding of the learning of programming in the revised Key Stage 4 (KS4) Computer Science (CS) curriculum. It seeks to understand the impact of learning programming on student’s perceptions toward programming and how to improve the teaching and learning of programming.
The study found that the issues faced by students learning programming include a lack of time, the perception that it is a ‘difficult’ subject and students’ insufficient understanding of programming. The findings also suggest that schools have made efforts to overcome these challenges and are willing to adopt programming as a subject and to help, encourage, develop and improve students’ ability to learn programming.
Laying the groundwork for a Legionella pneumophila risk management program for public drinking water systems
Authors: Burlingame Gary A. , Bartrand Timothy A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Legionella pneumophila is different from traditional drinking water contaminants because it presents a latent public health risk for public and private drinking water systems and for the building water systems they supply. This paper reviews information on the likelihood of occurrence of L. pneumophila in public water systems to lay a foundation for public water systems, as a stakeholder in public health risk management, to better manage L. pneumophila. Important to this approach is a literature review to identify conditions that could potentially promote L. pneumophila being present in drinking water systems at either an elevated abundance or at an increased frequency of occurrence, and/or water quality and supply conditions that would contribute to its amplification. The literature review allows the development of an inventory of hazardous conditions that a public water system could experience and, therefore, can be used by water systems to develop control and monitoring strategies. However, effective L. pneumophila risk management programs are hampered by significant data and knowledge gaps. Priority research to advance public water system's risk assessments and management of L. pneumophila is proposed.
A growing concern: investigating sustainable water quality and urban food production in Freetown, Sierra Leone
Authors: Bryant Lee , Maconachie Roy , Schnabel Bastian , Swaray Abubakarr , Howard Gigi , Gbanie Solomon , Bangura Kabba , Kamara Anthony , Antwi-Agyei Prince 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Clean water and food security are central to sustainable urban living. Yet, in rapidly expanding African cities, they remain unobtainable for many and a barrier to the health and wellbeing of millions of people. In Freetown, Sierra Leone, a city that has experienced rapid in-migration in recent decades, urban food security has become a major concern. One critical response has been the proliferation of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) to support food security and income generation for the poor. However, UPA sites are often exposed to a range of pollutants. This paper examines the environmental health status of three different UPA sites in Freetown. Qualitative and quantitative data show heavy metal concentrations that significantly exceed regulatory limits in crop leaves (sweet potato) and arable soil. Soaring readings of faecal coliform bacteria were observed in water used for irrigation, corroborating health-related findings which demonstrate a direct relationship between water supply, handwashing and diarrhoea. Elevated nutrient concentrations were also observed in surface water during the rainy season. Ultimately, crops were revealed to be hyperaccumulators for environmental contaminants, highlighting both the challenges and potential for nature-based solutions to strengthen food security and public health at UPA sites in Freetown and other growing cities.
Uncertainty in Evapotranspiration Inputs Impacts Hydrological Modeling
Authors: Akhter Mehnaza , Ahanger Manzoor Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

This work addresses the role of accurate input data in hydrological model simulations and explores the often-overlooked errors associated with evapotranspiration (ET). While existing literature primarily focuses on uncertainties in rainfall, this study underscores the necessity of considering errors in ET, as evidenced by some studies suggesting their substantial impact on hydrological model responses. A comprehensive exploration of uncertainty quantification resulting from errors in ET in hydrological model simulations is presented, highlighting the imperative to scrutinize this facet amidst diverse uncertainties. There are two approaches for addressing uncertainty in potential evapotranspiration (PET) inputs as discussed: directly considering uncertainty in PET data series or accounting for uncertainty in the parameters used for PET estimation. Furthermore, details are provided about the existing error models for PET measurements, revealing a limited number of studies that specifically account for ET-related uncertainties. Researchers commonly address ET errors by considering both systematic and random errors; some studies suggest that systematic errors in PET have a more substantial impact compared to random errors on hydrological model responses. In summary, the objective of this paper is to offer an in-depth exploration of uncertainty associated with PET inputs and their influence on hydrological modeling.
Quantum Gravity without Quantization
Authors: Ivanov Michael A. 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
An alternative way to construct a quantum model of gravity is described in
this paper, not by quantizing the classical model, but by introducing a graviton background, which
has a low temperature, but strongly interacts with any particle.

Methods:
Gravity in this case is the effect of screening the background of gravitons by bodies;
several additional effects appear when photons or bodies move through the background.

Results:
Using Planck's formula for the graviton spectrum and taking into account the pairing
effect for some of the gravitons, Newton's constant can be calculated and the magnitudes of the
additional effects can be estimated.

Conclusion:
These small additional effects can be important for cosmology since they allow to
describe the results of cosmological observations without dark energy.
Performance of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots on Ultrasound Examinations: Cross-Sectional Comparative Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yong , Lu Xiao , Luo Yan , Zhu Ying , Ling Wenwu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Artificial intelligence chatbots are being increasingly used for medical inquiries, particularly in the field of ultrasound medicine. However, their performance varies and is influenced by factors such as language, question type, and topic.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT and ERNIE Bot in answering ultrasound-related medical examination questions, providing insights for users and developers.

Methods
We curated 554 questions from ultrasound medicine examinations, covering various question types and topics. The questions were posed in both English and Chinese. Objective questions were scored based on accuracy rates, whereas subjective questions were rated by 5 experienced doctors using a Likert scale. The data were analyzed in Excel.

Results
Of the 554 questions included in this study, single-choice questions comprised the largest share (354/554, 64%), followed by short answers (69/554, 12%) and noun explanations (63/554, 11%). The accuracy rates for objective questions ranged from 8.33% to 80%, with true or false questions scoring highest. Subjective questions received acceptability rates ranging from 47.62% to 75.36%. ERNIE Bot was superior to ChatGPT in many aspects (P<.05). Both models showed a performance decline in English, but ERNIE Bot’s decline was less significant. The models performed better in terms of basic knowledge, ultrasound methods, and diseases than in terms of ultrasound signs and diagnosis.

Conclusions
Chatbots can provide valuable ultrasound-related answers, but performance differs by model and is influenced by language, question type, and topic. In general, ERNIE Bot outperforms ChatGPT. Users and developers should understand model performance characteristics and select appropriate models for different questions and languages to optimize chatbot use.
Akadēmiķa Jāņa Endzelīna 150. dzimšanas dienas atcerei veltīta starptautiska zinātniska konference „Endzelīns. Valoda. Laiks“ Rīgā 2023. gada 22.–23. februārī
Authors: Kvašīte Regīna , Trumpa Anta , Vanags Pēteris 
Published: November 2024

Rakstā īsumā atreferēta Jāņa Endzelīna 150. dzimšanas dienas atcerei veltītā starptautiska zinātniska konference, kas notika Rīgā 2023. gada 22.–23. februārī. Tajā piedalījās valodnieki no Latvijas, Lietuvas, Polijas, Vācijas un Ukrainas. Vairākos referātos tika aplūkots Jāņa Endzelīna ieguldījums latviešu valodas izpētē. Citi referēti bija veltīti aktuālām baltu valodu gramatikas, onomastikas, dialektoloģijas un dažu citu valodniecības jomu izpētes problēmām.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO, COMPORTAMENTAL E CLÍNICO DE PACIENTES VÍTIMAS DE ACIDENTES MOTOCICLÍSTICOS
Authors: Conceição Annely Emilia da Conceição , Pinho Clarissa Mourão Pinho , Andrade Maria Sandra Andrade , Vasconcelos Relba Torquato Vasconcelos , Monteiro Regina Frasão Monteiro , Andrade Eronildo de Almeida Andrade , Santana Alexandra Barros de Santana 
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico, comportamental e clínico de pacientes vítimas de acidentes motociclísticos atendidos em um hospital de referência em traumatologia. Método: Trata-se de um transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em uma enfermaria de traumatologia de um hospital de referência em traumatologia no estado de Pernambuco, no período de julho a dezembro de 2020. Participaram do estudo, 207 pacientes, com faixa etária ≥ 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, pilotos ou passageiros. Utilizou-se um questionário próprio, com perguntas fechadas contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, comportamentais e de caracterização do acidente. Resultados: Verificou-se a prevalência de indivíduos jovens, do sexo masculino, com baixa escolaridade e baixa renda. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreram aos domingos, à noite, sendo o condutor a vitima mais comum. A grande maioria das lesões foram fraturas, sendo atingidos principalmente os membros inferiores, seguidos dos superiores, submetidos à cirurgia. Conclusão: Esse estudo mostra a importância de abordagens e intervenções direcionadas para a redução dos impactos negativos dos acidentes de trânsito por motocicletas contribuindo para elaboração de ações preventivas e políticas públicas efetivas focadas no público-alvo, no sentido de prevenir os acidentes e reduzir a morbimortalidade no trânsito e as repercussões individuais e sociais, bem como subsidiar melhorias na assistência prestada a estes pacientes.
TENDÊNCIA TEMPORAL DAS TAXAS DE INCIDÊNCIA E DE INTERNAÇÃO POR TUBERCULOSE NO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS, 2008-2019
Authors: Alves de Almeida Felipe , Ferreira Gonçalves Maria Jacirema 
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: identificar a tendência temporal da taxa de incidência e de internação por TB no interior e na capital do Amazonas no período de 2008 a 2019. Metodologia: Foram obtidos dados de incidência de TB e de internação por TB dos 62 municípios do Amazonas a partir do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e do Sistema de Informações hospitalares, respectivamente, entre os anos de 2008 a 2019; além disso, buscou-se informações do percentual de cura da Tuberculose e do abandono do tratamento no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Os dados foram estratificados em capital e interior. A tendência temporal das taxas brutas e padronizadas pelo método direto, foi analisada por meio da regressão linear de Prais Winsten. Os percentuais de cura e abandono do tratamento são apresentados descritivamente, por ano, comparando-se capital e interior. Resultados: A taxa de incidência padronizada da capital do estado apresentou crescimento de 6,26 casos/ 100 mil habitantes (P<0,01) e no interior o aumento foi 0,86 casos/ 100 mil habitantes (P<0,05). No que concerne a internação hospitalar, a taxa padronizada da capital apresentou tendência de redução de 1,11 casos/ 100mil habitantes por ano (P<0,01) e a taxa padronizada do interior apresentou tendência de aumento de 0,38 casos/ 100mil habitantes por ano (P<0,01). Os percentuais de cura da Tuberculose e de abandono ao tratamento, são semelhantes na capital e interior, sem mudanças ao longo do tempo. Conclusão: Em geral, as taxas analisadas apresentam tendência de aumento, sugerindo piora do quadro da Tuberculose no Amazonas.
EFEITO DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO COM ALBUMINA EM MARCADORES DE ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO DE DOENTES RENAIS EM RISCO NUTRICIONAL SUBMETIDOS À HEMODIÁLISE
Authors: Lima de Castro Abreu Lais , Mendes Garcez Anderson , Lima de Freitas Manoela Carine , Frederico Rocha Pacheco James , Macedo Cunha Francisco Valmor , Feijão Rolim Rodrigo , Soares Tiago , De Carvalho e Martins Maria do Carmo 
Published: November 2024

A doença renal cônica envolve complicações metabólicas e inflamatórias que originam importantes desordens nutricionais, bem como desequilíbrio na defesa antioxidante. Este estudo avaliou o efeito de suplementação alimentar com albumina em marcadores de estresse oxidativo de doentes renais em hemodiálise. Estudo de intervenção, do tipo ensaio clínico controlado, envolvendo 43 indivíduos entre 18 e 59 anos, de ambos os sexos, em hemodiálise regular. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: G1, com 15 doentes em risco nutricional (albumina sérica ≤ 3,5 g/dL); e grupo não suplementado (G2), com 28 doentes (albumina > 3,5 g/dL). No período de seguimento de 90 dias, cada participante de G1 recebeu três vezes por semana 10 g de albumina dissolvida em leite ou suco. As concentrações séricas de albumina, colesterol total, HDL colesterol (HDL-c) e triglicérides foram obtidos a partir de dados disponíveis no serviço de hemodiálise. Atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pela dosagem de nitrito no plasma e de atividade da enzima superóxido dismutase eritrocitária; e a peroxidação lipídica por meio da determinação de malondialdeído no plasma. Elevada proporção dos doentes apresentava perfil lipídico pró-aterogênico evidenciado por níveis reduzidos de HDL-C e aumentados de triglicérides. Além de produzir aumento na albuminemia, a suplementação resultou em aumento da atividade antioxidante sem alterar a peroxidação lipídica.
Patogenicidad in vitro y en pruebas de semi-campo de Trichoderma asperellum (Cepa VA22) sobre Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), en la Virginia (Risaralda- Colombia).
Authors: Cardona B. Nadya Lorena , Salgado Lizeth Carolina , Medina Juan Diego Medina , Machado-Agudelo. Dairon Andrés , Gómez -Vargas Wilber , Alvarez Aldana Adalucy 
Published: November 2024

Resumen
Introducción: Aedes aegypti, originario de África, se ha extendido globalmente, siendo el principal vector del dengue en Colombia. El uso repetido de insecticidas ha generado resistencia en estos mosquitos, impulsando la búsqueda de estrategias complementarias. Objetivo: Este estudio se propuso evaluar el potencial del hongo Trichoderma asperellumaislado del municipio de la Virgina (Risaralda Colombia) como agente biocontrolador de Ae. aegypti. Metodología: Los bioensayos in vitro se realizaron con larvas expuestas a una concentración de 1x108 conidias/mL del hongo, observando mortalidad a 24, 48 y 72 horas. Se llevaron a cabo ensayos de semi-campo en la misma región, utilizando la concentración de hongo de 1x107 de conidias/mL en recipientes con larvas de Aedes de la zona, evaluando la mortalidad de larvas a las 48 horas. Para analizar la diferencia entre grupos con y sin tratamiento aplicó la prueba de Wilcoxon (P=0.05) en el programa R versión 4.4.0 (https://www.r-project.org/). Resultados: T. asperellum mostró alta patogenicidad, causando mortalidades del 95% y 99% en las pruebas in vitro y de semi-campo, respectivamente. Conclusión: Es el primer reporte de esta especie infectando estadios inmaduros de Ae. aegypti en nuestro país. Estos resultados sugieren que podría usarse en Colombia como alternativa a los métodos tradicionales de control.
Determinación de concentraciones de fructosamina sérica en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 del municipio de Moniquirá, Boyacá
Authors: Pérez Rozo  Guisell Mariana , Rozo Ortiz Aleida Eliana , Aguilera Becerra Astrid Maribel , Londoño Atehortúa Darney Albeiro , Buitrago Lara Víctor Manuel , Ramírez Sánchez Natalia , Alfonso Vargas Nadia Catalina , Ramírez López  Laura Ximena 
Published: November 2024

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) constituye un problema de salud pública. Para su seguimiento, se utiliza la hemoglobina A1c (HbA1C); sin embargo, esta presenta desventajas en pacientes con alteraciones en la hemoglobina. Por otro lado, la fructosamina permite evaluar la glicación de todas las proteínas presentes en el suero, reflejando los valores de glucemia de las últimas 2-3 semanas. Este biomarcador puede ser utilizado en el control glucémico de pacientes con DM2.
Objetivo: Establecer las concentraciones de fructosamina sérica en pacientes con DM2 del municipio de Moniquirá, Boyacá y asociaciones de su elevación con factores sociodemográficos
Metodología: Estudio analítico de corte transversal, con una muestra de 53 participantes que fueron canalizados en una institución de segundo nivel de complejidad de Moniquirá. Se les aplicó un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica y una encuesta clínica. Se determinaron las concentraciones séricas de fructosamina, glucosa, proteínas totales y albúmina. Se evaluó la asociación entre la fructosamina y las variables sociodemográficas de interés y se estimaron razones de disparidad (OR) con intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%.
Resultados: El 62,3% de la población fueron mujeres y el 37,7% hombres; todos mostraron concentraciones elevadas de fructosamina. Se encontró asociación positiva significativa en el grupo de participantes con fructosamina por encima de la media poblacional (>776 mmol/L) y el estado civil soltero (OR=3.83; IC95%=1,22-11,98).
Conclusiones: Se propone la fructosamina como un biomarcador útil para el seguimiento a corto plazo de los pacientes diabéticos.
CEOs’ Facial Trustworthiness and the Narrative Tone Differences of Bilingual Annual Reports
Authors: Chung Yu-Hsuan , Huang Shaio Yan , Jhong Min-Yue 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
This research examines the impact of CEOs’ facial trustworthiness on the narrative tone differences of bilingual annual reports in Taiwan, as listed firms have gradually been required to disclose annual reports in their native language (Chinese) and convert them to a non-native language (English). Given that face-based features may reflect managers’ personality traits in decision-making, we employ machine-learning-based facial recognition technology to detect CEOs’ facial trustworthiness. The empirical results show that trustworthy-looking CEOs are negatively associated with a narrative tone difference in bilingual annual reports. This study further finds that CEOs with higher-level ability have an incremental interactive effect on the negative relationship between their facial trustworthiness and bilingual annual reports’ tone difference. Overall, the findings suggest that CEOs’ facial appearance influences their disclosure behavior, reflecting the presentation of annual reports in different languages.
Beyond the Event Window: Earnings Horizon and the Informativeness of Earnings Announcements
Authors: Smith Kevin C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The impact of earnings announcements (EAs) on investor uncertainty depends not only on how much new information they contain but also on how long it would take comparable information to arrive in the future through alternative sources, which I term “earnings horizon.” Using a structural model of periodic EAs, I show that earnings horizon is not captured by standard empirical measures of earnings informativeness or timeliness based on the event-study approach. However, earnings horizon can be estimated using patterns in return volatility over firms’ reporting cycles, which indicate that EAs have a short horizon and thus reduce investor uncertainty by one-third the amount suggested by event studies. Moreover, these patterns indicate that it takes investors considerably longer than the three- to five-day windows commonly applied in event studies to fully process EAs and that more frequent financial reporting may significantly enhance EAs’ informativeness.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: C58; D82; D84; G10; G12; G14; G30.
Tracking Insulin- and Glucagon-Expressing Cells In Vitro and In Vivo Using a Double-Reporter Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line
Authors: Mar Samantha , Filatov Ekaterina , Sasaki Shugo , Mojibian Majid , Zhang Dahai , Yang Angela , Nian Cuilan , Lynn Francis C. 
Published: November 2024

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived pancreatic α- and β-cells can be used to develop cell replacement therapies to treat diabetes. However, recent published differentiation protocols yield varying amounts of α- and β-cells amid heterogeneous cell populations. To visualize and isolate hESC-derived α- and β-cells, we generated a GLUCAGON-2A-mScarlet and INSULIN-2A-EGFP dual fluorescent reporter (INSEGFPGCGmScarlet) hESC line using CRISPR/Cas9. We established robust expression of EGFP and mScarlet fluorescent proteins in insulin- and glucagon-expressing cells, respectively, without compromising the differentiation or function of these cells. We also showed that the insulin- and glucagon-expressing bihormonal population at the maturing endocrine cell stage (stage 6) of our pancreatic islet differentiation lose insulin expression over time, while maintaining an α-like expression profile, suggesting these bihormonal cells are cell-autonomously fated to become α-like cells. We also demonstrated this cell line can be used to monitor hESC-derived insulin- and glucagon-expressing cells, and hESC-derived islet morphology in vivo, by transplanting them into the anterior chamber of the eye in mice. Together, the INSEGFPGCGmScarlet hESC line provides an efficient strategy for tracking populations of hESC-derived β- and α-like cells.

Article Highlights
Differentiation protocols used to generate stem cell–derived islet cells yield heterogenous cell populations. We generated a human embryonic stem cell line that reports insulin- and glucagon-expressing cells in vitro and in vivo without altering their differentiation or function. We showed some insulin- and glucagon-expressing bihormonal cells are cell-autonomously fated to become α-like cells. This reporter cell line can be used to further study and improve stem cell–derived islet differentiation and transplantation.