bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Rights of nature” in translation: Assemblage geographies, boundary objects, and translocal social movements
Authors: Kinkaid Eden 
Published: April 2019

In the last 15 years, “rights of nature” as a concept and legal apparatus has spread across various sites and scales of environmental governance throughout the world. This paper examines the rights of nature phenomenon, focusing on a recent decision by the High Court of Uttarakhand, India to grant legal personhood to the Ganga (Ganges) and Yamuna rivers and associated natural entities. Arguing against “diffusionist” and “global” approaches to understanding the rights of nature phenomenon, and drawing on the concept of translocal assemblages, I emphasise the place‐based specificities of these decisions in addition to their translocal connections. Through a close reading of the Uttarakhand case, I demonstrate the need to situate translocal social movements in place by attending to the manner in which “rights of nature” becomes articulated through specific practices, cultural meanings, material networks, human–environment relations, legal regimes, governance structures, and political projects in culturally and geographically specific ways with often counterintuitive outcomes. Rather than seeing “rights of nature” as a global movement or network manifesting at various scales, I consider it as a boundary object connecting translocal assemblages of environmental governance through acts of translation. In doing so, I push assemblage geographies to engage theoretical problems of difference, boundaries, and translation that have yet to be addressed in this emerging paradigm.
The association between platelet transfusions and mortality in patients with critical illness
Authors: Ning Shuoyan , Liu Yang , Barty Rebecca , Cook Richard , Rochwerg Bram , Iorio Alfonso , Warkentin Theodore E. , Heddle Nancy M. , Arnold Donald M. 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDPlatelet (PLT) transfusions are frequently administered in the setting of critical illness but their clinical impacts remain unknown. This study examined the association between PLT transfusions and death in a large intensive care unit (ICU) patient population.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSUsing a transfusion registry spanning 2008 to 2015, this study assessed effect of in‐ICU PLT transfusions on ICU and in‐hospital mortality using a stratified, time‐dependent Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for illness severity, thrombocytopenia, and other confounders. Patients with known malignancy were excluded. Exposure to PLT transfusions were analyzed dichotomously (ever or never transfused) and continuously (number of transfusions). Medical, general surgery, and cardiac surgery subgroups were analyzed separately.RESULTSOverall 32,842 adult patients were admitted to ICU, and 4927 patients received PLT transfusion(s). Crude in‐ICU and in‐hospital mortality were higher for PLT‐transfused patients compared to nontransfused patients (9.2% vs. 6.7% and 12.3% vs. 9.3%, respectively). After confounders were adjusted for, PLT transfusions (ever vs. never) were not associated with increased mortality in ICU (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60‐1.02; p = 0.06) or in hospital (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.68‐1.09; p = 0.41). Continuous exposure analysis also showed no association between PLT transfusions and death. PLT transfusions have a protective effect on in‐hospital mortality in the subgroup of general surgery patients (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.99; p = 0.04; ever or never analysis).CONCLUSIONPlatelet transfusions were not associated with increased risk of death in critically ill patients. Further studies are required to identify subgroups for which PLT transfusions may be beneficial.
The Laplacian Energy of Conjugacy Class Graph of Some Finite Groups
Authors: Mahmoud Rabiha , Ahmad Fadzil Amira Fadina , Sarmin Nor Haniza , Erfanian Ahmad 
Published: April 2019

Let G be a dihedral group and its conjugacy class graph. The Laplacian energy of the graph, is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the difference between the Laplacian eigenvalues and the ratio of twice the edges number divided by the vertices number. In this research, the Laplacian matrices of the conjugacy class graph of some dihedral groups, generalized quaternion groups, quasidihedral groups and their eigenvalues are first computed. Then, the Laplacian energy of the graphs are determined.
Heart rate variability dynamics during treatment for exertional heat strain when immediate response is not possible
Authors: Flouris Andreas D. , Friesen Brian J. , Herry Christophe L. , Seely Andrew J. E. , Notley Sean R. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: April 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does a delay in cold water immersion treatment affect the cardiac autonomic control of exertionally heat‐strained individuals?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Cold water immersion is effective for treating exertionally heat‐strained individuals even when treatment is commenced with a significant delay. However, that treatment delay leads to only partial/transient restoration of cardiac autonomic control. Therefore, we recommend that exertional heatstroke patients are continuously monitored for several hours even after core temperature has returned to normal values.
AbstractImmediate cold water immersion (CWI) is the gold‐standard treatment for exertional heatstroke. In the field, however, treatment is often delayed, primarily owing to a delayed paramedic response and/or inaccurate diagnosis. We examined the effect of treatment (reduction of rectal temperature to 37.5°C) delays of 5 (short), 20 (moderate) and 40 (prolonged) min on cardiac autonomic control [as assessed via heart rate variability (HRV)] in eight exertionally heat‐strained (40.0°C rectal temperature) individuals. Eleven HRV indices were computed that have been described commonly in the literature and characterize almost all known domains of the variability and complexity of the cardiopulmonary system. We found that the cardiac autonomic control (as assessed via HRV) of exertionally heat‐strained individuals was significantly affected by the amount of time it took for the CWI treatment to be applied. Six out of 11 HRV indices studied, from all variability domains, displayed strong (P ≤ 0.005) time × delay interaction effects. Moreover, the number of significantly (P ≤ 0.005) abnormal (i.e. different from the short delay) HRV indices more than doubled (seven versus 15) from the moderate delay to the prolonged delay. Finally, our results demonstrated that a CWI treatment applied with delays of 20 and, primarily, 40 min did not lead to a full restoration of cardiac autonomic control of exertionally heat‐strained individuals. In conclusion, this study supports CWI for treating exertionally heat‐strained individuals even when applied with prolonged delay, but it highlights the importance of continued cardiac monitoring of patients who have suffered exertional heatstroke for several hours after restoration of core temperature to normal.
What’s the rate of knee osteoarthritis 10 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury? An updated systematic review
Authors: Lie Marthe Mehus , Risberg May Arna , Storheim Kjersti , Engebretsen Lars , Øiestad Britt Elin 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThis updated systematic review reports data from 2009 on the prevalence, and risk factors, for knee osteoarthritis (OA) more than 10 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear.MethodsWe systematically searched five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, Cinahl and SPORTDiscus) for prospective and retrospective studies published after 1 August 2008. Studies were included if they investigated participants with ACL tear (isolated or in combination with medial collateral ligament and/or meniscal injuries) and reported symptomatic and/or radiographic OA at a minimum of 10 years postinjury. We used a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist for methodological quality assessment and narrative synthesis to report results. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO.ResultsForty-one studies were included. Low methodological quality was revealed in over half of the studies. At inclusion, age ranged from 23 to 38 years, and at follow-up from 31 to 51 years. Sample sizes ranged from 18 to 780 participants. The reported radiographic OA prevalence varied between 0% and 100% >10 years after injury, regardless of follow-up time. The studies with low and high methodological quality reported a prevalence of radiographic OA between 0%–100% and 1%–80%, respectively. One study reported symptomatic knee OA for the tibiofemoral (TF) joint (35%), and one study reported symptomatic knee OA for the patellofemoral (PF) joint (15%). Meniscectomy was the only consistent risk factor determined from the data synthesis.ConclusionRadiographic knee OA varied between 0% and 100% in line with our previous systematic review from 2009. Symptomatic and radiographic knee OA was differentiated in two studies only, with a reported symptomatic OA prevalence of 35% for the TF joint and 15% for PF joint. Future cohort studies need to include measurement of symptomatic knee OA in this patient group.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016042693.
Economic impact of medication non-adherence by disease groups: a systematic review
Authors: Cutler Rachelle Louise , Fernandez-Llimos Fernando , Frommer Michael , Benrimoj Charlie , Garcia-Cardenas Victoria 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the economic impact of medication non-adherence across multiple disease groups.DesignSystematic review.Evidence reviewA comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in September 2017. Studies quantifying the cost of medication non-adherence in relation to economic impact were included. Relevant information was extracted and quality assessed using the Drummond checklist.ResultsSeventy-nine individual studies assessing the cost of medication non-adherence across 14 disease groups were included. Wide-scoping cost variations were reported, with lower levels of adherence generally associated with higher total costs. The annual adjusted disease-specific economic cost of non-adherence per person ranged from $949 to $44 190 (in 2015 US$). Costs attributed to ‘all causes’ non-adherence ranged from $5271 to $52 341. Medication possession ratio was the metric most used to calculate patient adherence, with varying cut-off points defining non-adherence. The main indicators used to measure the cost of non-adherence were total cost or total healthcare cost (83% of studies), pharmacy costs (70%), inpatient costs (46%), outpatient costs (50%), emergency department visit costs (27%), medical costs (29%) and hospitalisation costs (18%). Drummond quality assessment yielded 10 studies of high quality with all studies performing partial economic evaluations to varying extents.ConclusionMedication non-adherence places a significant cost burden on healthcare systems. Current research assessing the economic impact of medication non-adherence is limited and of varying quality, failing to provide adaptable data to influence health policy. The correlation between increased non-adherence and higher disease prevalence should be used to inform policymakers to help circumvent avoidable costs to the healthcare system. Differences in methods make the comparison among studies challenging and an accurate estimation of true magnitude of the cost impossible. Standardisation of the metric measures used to estimate medication non-adherence and development of a streamlined approach to quantify costs is required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015027338.
Increasing trends in hospitalisations due to atrial fibrillation in Australia from 1993 to 2013
Authors: Gallagher Celine , Hendriks Jeroen ML , Giles Lynne , Karnon Jonathan , Pham Clarabelle , Elliott Adrian D , Middeldorp Melissa E , Mahajan Rajiv , Lau Dennis H , Sanders Prashanthan , Wong Christopher X 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to characterise hospitalisations due to atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with two other common cardiovascular conditions, myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF), in addition to the associated economic burden of these hospitalisations and contribution of AF-related procedures.MethodsThe primary outcome measure was the rate of increase of AF, MI and HF hospitalisations from 1993 to 2013. The rate of increase of AF-related procedures including cardioversion and ablation were also collected, in addition to direct costs associated with hospitalisations for each of these three conditions.ResultsAF hospitalisations increased 295% over the 21-year period to a total of 61 424 in 2013. In comparison, MI and HF hospitalisations increased by only 73% and 39%, respectively, over the same period. Considering population changes, there was an annual increase in AF hospitalisations of 5.2% (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.052; 95% CI 1.046 to 1.059; p<0.001). In contrast, there was a 2.2% increase per annum for MI (IRR 1.022; 95% CI 1.017 to 1.027; p<0.001) and negligible annual change for HF hospitalisations (IRR 1.000; 95% CI 0.997 to 1.002; p=0.78). Cardioversion and AF ablation increased by 10% and 26% annually, respectively. AF hospitalisation costs rose by 479% over the 21-year period, an increase that was more than double that of MI and HF.ConclusionsThe burden of AF hospitalisations continues to rise unabated. AF has now surpassed both MI and HF hospitalisations and represents a growing cost burden. New models of healthcare delivery are required to stem this growing healthcare burden.
Spatial distribution of roadway environment features related to child pedestrian safety by census tract income in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Rothman Linda , Cloutier Marie-Soleil , Manaugh Kevin , Howard Andrew William , Macpherson Alison K , Macarthur Colin 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundInvestments in traffic calming infrastructure and other street design features can enhance pedestrian safety as well as contribute to the ‘walkability’ of neighbourhoods. Pedestrian–motor vehicle collisions (PMVCs) in urban areas, however, remain common and occur more frequently in lower income neighbourhoods. While risk and protective features of roadways related to PMVC have been identified, little research exists examining the distribution of roadway environment features. This study examined the relationship between roadway environment features related to child pedestrian safety and census tract income status in Toronto.MethodsSpatial cluster detection based on 2006 census tract data identified low-income and high-income census tract clusters in Toronto. Police-reported PMVC data involving children between the ages of 5 and 14 years were mapped using geographical information system. Also mapped were roadway environment features (densities of speed humps, crossing guards, local roads, one-way streets and missing sidewalks). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between roadway environment features (independent variables) and cluster income status (dependent variable), controlling for child census tract population.ResultsThere were significantly fewer speed humps and local roads in low-income versus high-income clusters. Child PMVC rates were 5.4 times higher in low-income versus high-income clusters.ConclusionSocioeconomic inequities in the distribution of roadway environment features related to child pedestrian safety have policy and process implications related to the safety of child pedestrians in urban neighbourhoods.
Single-wavelength-tunable and dual-wavelength-switchable Tm-doped fiber soliton laser based on single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Li Wenlei , Chen Guangwei 
Published: April 2019

We propose a single-wavelength-tunable and dual-wavelength-switchable Tm-doped fiber soliton laser with single-walled carbon nanotubes. The laser can deliver single-wavelength mode-locked pulse tunable from 1892 nm to 1924 nm. Dual-wavelength mode-locking operation can also be achieved by increasing pump power and rotating the polarization controller (PC), meanwhile the wavelength can be switched between 1883/1894 nm and 1905/1910 nm. Both the tunable and switchable operations are realized with great ease by solely adjusting the parameters of PC. The proposed Tm-doped fiber laser can operate in two mode-locking states, which is helpful for further understanding of the mode-locking mechanism and useful for practical applications.
Using Deep Learning with Large Dataset of Microscope Images to Develop an Automated Embryo Grading System
Authors: Chen Tsung-Jui , Zheng Wei-Lin , Liu Chun-Hsin , Huang Ian , Lai Hsing-Hua , Liu Mark 
Published: April 2019

The assessment of embryo viability for in vitro fertilization (IVF) is mainly based on subjective visual analysis, with the limitation of intra- and inter-observer variation and a time-consuming task. In this study, we used deep learning with large dataset of microscopic embryo images to develop an automated grading system for embryo assessment. This study included a total of 171,239 images from 16,201 embryos of 4,146 IVF cycles at Stork Fertility Center (https://www.e-stork.com.tw) from March 6, 2014 to April 13, 2018. The images were captured by inverted microscope (Zeiss Axio Observer Z1) at 112 to 116 hours (Day 5) or 136 to 140 hours (Day 6) after fertilization. Using a pre-trained network trained on the ImageNet dataset as convolution base, we applied Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) on embryo images, using ResNet50 architecture to fine-tune ImageNet parameters. The predicted grading results was compared with the grading results from trained embryologists to evaluate the model performance. The images were labeled by trained embryologists, based on Gardner’s grading system: blastocyst development ranking from 3–6, ICM quality as A, B, or C; and TE quality as a, b, or c. After pre-processing, the images were divided into training, validation, and test groups, in which 60% were allocated to the training group, 20% to the validation group, and 20% to the test group. The ResNet50 algorithm was trained on the 60% images allocated to the training group, and the algorithm’s performance was evaluated using the 20% images allocated to the test group. The results showed an average predictive accuracy of 75.36% for the all three grading categories: 96.24% for blastocyst development, 91.07% for ICM quality, and 84.42% for TE quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of an automatic embryo grading system using large dataset from Asian population. Combing the promising results obtained in this study with time-lapse microscope system integrated with IVF Electronic Medical Record platform, a fully automated and non-invasive pipeline for embryo assessment will be achieved.
Solid Tumor–Induced Immune Regulation Alters the GvHD/GvT Paradigm after Allogenic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Dang Nana , Lin Yuan , Rutgeerts Omer , Sagaert Xavier , Billiau An D. , Waer Mark , Sprangers Ben 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Growth of solid tumors is often associated with the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). It has been suggested that the influence of the TME may extend beyond the local tumor and results in systemic immunosuppression. Here, we utilize two murine cancer models to explore the influence of solid tumors on the occurrence of alloreactivity-driven GvHD and graft-versus-solid tumor (GvT) effects following MHC-mismatched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Melanoma- or colon carcinoma–bearing C57BL/6 mice did not develop GvHD after BMT even when the bone marrow inoculum was supplemented with donor-type splenocytes. This protection against GvHD required the presence of tumors because its resection prior to allo-BMT promptly resulted in development of GvHD. In addition, tumor-bearing mice given T-cell–depleted allo-BMT (allo-TCD-BMT) failed to develop GvHD and also showed significantly stronger GvT effects than mice given allo-BMT. The GvT effects in allo-TCD-BMT recipients were associated with profound changes in tumor-infiltrating cells compared with that in allo-BMT recipients, with significantly reduced donor-derived regulatory T cells (Treg), increased cytotoxic effector (IFNγhi) CD8 T cells, and increased M1 macrophages (iNOShi, arginaselo, and IL10lo); the use of macrophage-depleted bone marrow abrogated the GvT effects. Collectively, these results indicate that the presence of M1 macrophages may disrupt the generation of donor-type Treg cells so that the immunomodulatory effect of the TME can affect systemic immunity.

Significance:
These findings show that cells such as T cells or macrophages in the bone marrow inoculum may interfere with the systemic and local immune reactivity against tumors.
Breast Cancer Risk and Insulin Resistance: Post Genome-Wide Gene–Environment Interaction Study Using a Random Survival Forest
Authors: Jung Su Yon , Papp Jeanette C. , Sobel Eric M. , Yu Herbert , Zhang Zuo-Feng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Obesity–insulin connections have been considered potential risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer, and the association between insulin resistance (IR) genotypes and phenotypes can be modified by obesity-lifestyle factors, affecting breast cancer risk. In this study, we explored the role of IR in those pathways at the genome-wide level. We identified IR-genetic factors and selected lifestyles to generate risk profiles for postmenopausal breast cancer. Using large-scale cohort data from postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes Study, our previous genome-wide association gene–behavior interaction study identified 58 loci for associations with IR phenotypes (homeostatic model assessment–IR, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia). We evaluated those single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and additional 31 lifestyles in relation to breast cancer risk by conducting a two-stage multimodal random survival forest analysis. We identified the most predictive genetic and lifestyle variables in overall and subgroup analyses [stratified by body mass index (BMI), exercise, and dietary fat intake]. Two SNPs (LINC00460 rs17254590 and MKLN1 rs117911989), exogenous factors related to lifetime cumulative exposure to estrogen, BMI, and dietary alcohol consumption were the most common influential factors across the analyses. Individual SNPs did not have significant associations with breast cancer, but SNPs and lifestyles combined synergistically increased the risk of breast cancer in a gene–behavior, dose-dependent manner. These findings may contribute to more accurate predictions of breast cancer and suggest potential intervention strategies for women with specific genetic and lifestyle factors to reduce their breast cancer risk.

Significance:
These findings identify insulin resistance SNPs in combination with lifestyle as synergistic factors for breast cancer risk, suggesting lifestyle changes can prevent breast cancer in women who carry the risk genotypes.
Remodeling Collapsed DNA Replication Forks for Cancer Development
Authors: Sotiriou Sotirios K. , Halazonetis Thanos D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
DNA replication stress is prevalent in human cancers, but absent in normal cells, suggesting that proteins involved in the cellular response to DNA replication stress could be potential therapeutic targets. SMARCAL1 and ZRANB3 are annealing helicases that mediate the repair of collapsed DNA replication forks. In a study in this issue of Cancer Research, Puccetti and colleagues report that mice lacking either SMARCAL1 or ZRANB3 activity have delayed development of MYC-induced B-cell lymphomas. Thus, inhibiting the response to DNA replication stress could benefit patients with cancer.
See related article by Puccetti et al., p. 1612