bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic appearance and measurement of abdominal structures in healthy Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.)
Authors: Spina Fabio , Brizzi Laura , Spattini Giliola , Faiola Fabio , Birettoni Francesco 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious ultrasonographic studies of Sapajus apella to determine the normal anatomy and physiology are incomplete. The aim of this study was to determine normal ultrasonographic appearance and measurements of all abdominal organs and structures of interest.MethodsTwelve adult monkeys were recruited considered healthy on the basis of history, physical examination, and general blood work. To avoid additional anesthesia, the ultrasonographic examinations were performed during routine screening, annually scheduled by the Unit of Cognitive Primatology & Primate Center, CNR—Rome, where the animals were housed. Ultrasound data were processed offline by two experienced ultrasonographers.ResultsTopography, morphology and echostructure were described for almost all organs and descriptive statistics were provided.ConclusionTo the author's knowledge, this is the most complete ultrasonographic study in Capuchin monkeys.
Riluzole promotes neurological function recovery and inhibits damage extension in rats following spinal cord injury: a meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Zhou Long‐yun , Tian Zi‐rui , Yao Min , Chen Xu‐qing , Song Yong‐jia , Ye Jie , Yi Nan‐xing , Cui Xue‐jun , Wang Yong‐jun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that has few treatment options. Riluzole, a sodium channel blocker used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has been initially trialed in human SCI. We performed a systematic review to critically assess the efficacy of riluzole in locomotor recovery and damage extension in SCI rat models, and the potential for clinical translation. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases were searched from their inception date to March 2018. Two reviewers independently selected animal studies that evaluated neurological recovery and lesion area following riluzole treatment in SCI rat models, extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Pairwise meta‐analysis, subgroup analysis, and network meta‐analysis were performed to assess the effects of riluzole on SCI. Ten eligible studies were included. Two studies had high methodological quality. Overall, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were increased in riluzole‐treated animals versus controls, and effect sizes showed a gradual increase from the 1st (five studies, n = 104, mean difference = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.11 to 2.37, p = 0.03) to 6th week after treatment (five studies, n = 120, mean difference = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.26 to 3.42, p < 0.0001). Riluzole was associated with improved outcomes in the inclined plane test and the tissue preservation area. Subgroup analyses suggested an association of locomotor recovery with riluzole dose. Network meta‐analysis showed that 5 mg/kg riluzole exhibited greater protection than 2.5 and 8 mg/kg riluzole. Collectively, this review suggests that riluzole has a protective effect on SCI, with good safety and a clear mechanism of action and may be suitable for future clinical trials or applications. However, animal results should be interpreted with caution given the known limitations in animal experimental design and methodological quality.
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Examining the contribution of surrounding intact skin during cutaneous healing
Authors: Aljghami Makram E. , Jeschke Marc G. , Amini‐Nik Saeid 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSevere cutaneous wounds expose the body to the external environment, which may lead to impairments in bodily functions and increased risk of infection. There is a need to develop skin substitutes which could effectively promote complete skin regeneration following an injury. Murine models are used to test such skin substitutes, but their healing involves contraction of the dermis not found in human wounds. We have previously described a device called a dome, which comes in two models, that is used to prevent skin contraction in mice. One model provides a physical barrier to minimize contraction, and the other model has additional perforations in the barrier to allow cellular contribution from the surrounding intact skin. Taking advantage of an enhanced version of these two models, we compared granulation tissue formation, the extent of vascularization, and the transition to myofibroblastic phenotype between the models. We enhanced the dome by developing a twist open cap dome and applied the two models of the dome into the excisional wound biopsy in mice. We demonstrate that the dome can be used to prevent skin contraction in mice. The control model prevented skin contraction while barricading the contribution of surrounding intact skin. When not barricaded, the intact skin enhances wound healing by increasing the number of myofibroblasts and neovascularization. Using a novel model of inhibition of skin contraction in rodents, we examined the contribution from the surrounding intact skin to granulation tissue formation, myofibroblastic differentiation, and neovascularization during the course of skin healing in mice.
In vivo prediction of temporomandibular joint disc thickness and position changes for different jaw positions
Authors: Sagl Benedikt , Schmid‐Schwap Martina , Piehslinger Eva , Kronnerwetter Claudia , Kundi Michael , Trattnig Siegfried , Stavness Ian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTemporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are common dysfunctions of the masticatory region and are often linked to dislocation or changes of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for TMJ imaging but standard clinical sequences do not deliver a sufficient resolution and contrast for the creation of detailed meshes of the TMJ disc. Additionally, bony structures cannot be captured appropriately using standard MRI sequences due to their low signal intensity. The objective of this study was to enable researchers to create high resolution representations of all structures of the TMJ and consequently investigate morphological as well as positional changes of the masticatory system. To create meshes of the bony structures, a single computed tomography (CT) scan was acquired. In addition, a high‐resolution MRI sequence was produced, which is used to collect the thickness and position change of the disc for various static postures using bite blocks. Changes in thickness of the TMJ disc as well as disc translation were measured. The newly developed workflow successfully allows researchers to create high resolution models of all structures of the TMJ for various static positions, enabling the investigation of TMJ disc translation and deformation. Discs were thinnest in the lateral part and moved mainly anteriorly and slightly medially. The procedure offers the most comprehensive picture of disc positioning and thickness changes reported to date. The presented data can be used for the development of a biomechanical computer model of TMJ anatomy and to investigate dynamic and static loads on the components of the system, which could be useful for the prediction of TMD onset.
The forgotten mothers of extremely preterm babies: A qualitative study
Authors: Fowler Cathrine , Green Janet , Elliott Doug , Petty Julia , Whiting Lisa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the experiences of mothers of extremely premature babies during their Neonatal Intensive Care Unit stay and transition home.BackgroundMothers of extremely preterm infants (28 weeks’ gestation or less) experience a continuum of regular and repeated stressful and traumatic events, during the perinatal period, during the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit stay, and during transition home.MethodAn interpretive description method guided this study. Ten mothers of extremely premature infants who had been at home for less than six months were recruited via a Facebook invitation to participate in semi‐structured telephone interviews exploring their experiences in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and the transition home. The data were examined using a six‐phase thematic analysis approach. The COREQ checklist has been used.ResultsTwo main themes emerged: (a) things got a bit dire; and (b) feeling a failure as a mother. Participants had a heightened risk of developing a mental disorder from exposure to multiple risk factors prior to and during birth, as well as during the postnatal period in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and their infant's transition to home. Mothers highlighted the minimal support for their mental health from healthcare professionals, despite their regular and repeated experience of traumatic events.ConclusionThe mothers were at high risk of developing post‐traumatic stress symptoms and/or other mental health issues. Of note, study participants relived the trauma of witnessing their infant in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, demonstrated hypervigilance behaviour and identified lack of relevant support needed when their infant was at home.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study highlights the need for nurses to include a focus on the mothers’ psychosocial needs. Supporting maternal mental health both improves maternal well‐being and enables mothers to be emotionally available and responsive to their extremely preterm infant.
Gender differences in lifestyle and risk factors of metabolic syndrome: Do women have better health habits than men?
Authors: Chang Shu‐Hung , Chang Yi‐Ya , Wu Li‐Yu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the gender‐specific lifestyles of adults with metabolic syndrome in the Taiwanese community.BackgroundMany studies show different prevalence of metabolic syndrome in males and females; however, few studies have investigated gender‐specific lifestyle risk factors, which are important for effectively reducing prevalence.DesignA cross‐sectional study design was used.MethodsBetween 2012 and 2015, a total of 1,066 individuals were recruited in northern Taiwan. Data were collected by questionnaires and analysed by descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests and logistic regression. This study followed the STROBE guidelines.ResultsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 40.8% in men and 36.0% in women. Women had healthier dietary habits, a higher rate of moderate–vigorous physical activity, and a lower rate of smoking and obesity than men. Men, who were overweight or obese, lacked vigorous physical activity, often consumed excess amounts of salt and fat, and seldom consumed appropriate amounts of protein tended to have metabolic syndrome. Women with an unhealthy metabolism tended to be overweight or obese and seldom consumed dairy products.ConclusionsMen, who had normal body weight, performed vigorous physical activity, seldom consumed excess amounts of salt and fat, and often consumed appropriate amounts of protein tended not to have metabolic syndrome. Women with a healthy metabolism were of normal body weight and often consumed dairy products. There exist gender differences in health habits with metabolic syndrome.Relevance to clinical practiceAlthough the associated risk factors differed between men and women, controlling body weight and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome.
Effects of a safe transition programme for discharged patients with high unmet needs
Authors: Oh Eui Geum , Kim Jeong Hyun , Lee Hyun Joo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the effects of the Patient‐Oriented Safe Transition programme on 30‐day unplanned readmissions and emergency department visits, medical costs, caregiver burden and patient health‐related quality of life.BackgroundWith the success of hospitals' quality improvement efforts, the number of discharged patients has been increasing. Successful management of discharged patients is needed in order to reduce unplanned readmissions and to improve patient health outcomes.DesignA nonequivalent control group pretest–posttest design.MethodsThis study was conducted by following TREND guideline. Eighty‐three patients were assigned to either the intervention (n = 40) or control (n = 43) group. The intervention group received individual discharge planning by case managers and home visits by homecare nurses followed by telephone calls throughout the month following discharge. The outcome variables measured were 30‐day unplanned readmissions and emergency department visits, medical costs, caregiver burden and patient health‐related quality of life. Data were analysed by paired t test, multivariate analysis of variance and repeated‐measure analysis of variance.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of the two groups were homogeneous with respect to gender, age, length of hospital stay and medical conditions. In the intervention group, the caregiver burden decreased 30 days after discharge, whereas the control group increased (F = 12.888, p = 0.001). The patient physical (p = 0.005) and mental (p < 0.001) quality of life of the intervention group were improved more than the control group.ConclusionsThis study suggests that nurses can play a significant role during discharge transitions in improving patient outcomes. The Patient‐Oriented Safe Transition programme could be a beneficial service for discharged patients expected to experience high unmet needs.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this study provide the evidences on the needs of transition programmes for discharged patients with high unmet needs.
Maternal health outcomes for incarcerated women: A scoping review
Authors: Paynter Martha Jane , Drake Emily K. , Cassidy Christine , Snelgrove‐Clarke Erna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo inform a systematic synthesis of what is known about the maternal health outcomes of incarcerated women, this scoping review uses a theoretical framework of intersectional feminism.BackgroundDespite rising imprisonment of women, there is a lack of research, from a feminist perspective, on perinatal health outcomes among incarcerated women.DesignSystematic scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology.MethodsIn consultation with a medical research librarian, key databases and journals were searched for English and French‐language articles published up to February 2018. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts to identify articles for full‐text review. Study quality was appraised using the McGill Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The study adheres to PRISMA‐EQUATOR guidelines.ResultsForty‐five studies met the preset criteria and were reviewed in full text. In addition, 13 studies met consensus for inclusion. Method, setting, participants, sample, relevant outcomes and relevant findings were extracted from each study for synthesis. Included studies had varied methods and were published from 1989–2014. Participants included women imprisoned during the perinatal period up to six months postpartum. All studies were conducted in carceral contexts, with 12 based in the USA and one in Australia. Outcomes of interest included breastfeeding, operative deliveries, gestational complications, depression, stress, experiences, bonding and sterilisation.ConclusionThe research on maternal health outcomes pertaining to incarcerated women is limited. There is a need for in‐depth examination of breastfeeding with this population. Researchers need to examine the prevalence and impact of carceral force, such as shackling, solitary confinement, strip‐searching and restraints in pregnancy. There is a need for research that asks what health outcomes matter to the women themselves.Relevance to clinical practiceProviders must be conscious of intersecting layers of discrimination and trauma incarcerated women experience and its impact on maternal health in the perinatal period and advocate for women.
Longitudinal Analysis of Quantitative Brain MRI in Astronauts Following Microgravity Exposure
Authors: Riascos Roy F. , Kamali Arash , Hakimelahi Reza , Mwangi Benson , Rabiei Pejman , Seidler Rachael D. , Behzad Barzin B. , Keser Zafer , Kramer Larry A. , Hasan Khader M. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEAssessment of the effects of microgravity on astronauts’ brains using microstructural measures by utilizing quantitative MRI, before and after spaceflight would help understand the structural changes.METHODSQuantitative MRI data sets in 19 astronauts were acquired before and after space missions. Both diffusion tensor metrics and volumetric measures were analyzed in the brain regions involved in the visual function.RESULTSThe fractional anisotropy was reduced in the right posterior thalamic radiations (P = .0009) and remained significant after a false discovery rate (FDR) correction (P = .03). A trend of increase in the mean diffusivities of different subregions of the occipital cortex on the right side, including calcarine, middle occipital, inferior occipital, and fusiform gyri, was noted and became insignificant after FDR correction. Similarly, there was a trend of cortical thinning involving the right occipital lobe and bilateral fusiform gyri, volume reduction of the left thalamus, and increase in lateral ventricular volume in the postflight scans.CONCLUSIONGray and white matter alterations are detected by quantitative MRI before and after space flight. Our findings may be used to understand the neuroanatomical mechanisms of possible brain dysfunction or neuroplasticity in microgravity condition in the future studies.
Burden, access and disparities in kidney disease
Authors: Crews Deidra C. , Bello Aminu K. , Saadi Gamal ,   for the World Kidney Day Steering Committee
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTKidney disease is a global public health problem, affecting over 750 million persons worldwide. The burden of kidney disease varies substantially across the world. In many settings, rates of kidney disease and the provision of its care are defined by socio‐economic, cultural and political factors leading to significant disparities. World Kidney Day 2019 offers an opportunity to raise awareness of kidney disease and highlight disparities in its burden and current state of global capacity for prevention and management. Here we highlight the need for strengthening basic infrastructure for kidney care services for early detection and management of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease across all countries and advocate for more pragmatic approaches to providing renal replacement therapies. Achieving universal health coverage worldwide by 2030 is a World Health Organization Sustainable Development Goal. While universal health coverage may not include all elements of kidney care in all countries, understanding what is locally feasible and important with a focus on reducing the burden and consequences of kidney disease would be an important step towards achieving kidney health equity.
The Crisis in Social Psychology Under Neoliberalism: Reflections from Social Representations Theory
Authors: Gjorgjioska Marija Adela , Tomicic Ana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article examines the material and ideational conditions in academia and broader society under neoliberalism and their effects on social psychology, both as an academic community and as a source of knowledge production. Social representations theory (SRT)—embedded in the discipline of social psychology—is taken as a case study, which mirrors not only the specific impacts of neoliberalism on the theory and scientific community of SRT, but by extension also on social psychology as a whole. Specifically, we observe how neoliberalism has impacted SRT's ability to address those features of social psychology which led many scholars to label it “a discipline in crisis” by the 1960s and which included its reliance on a realist ontology, positivist epistemology, and quantitative methods, as well as the absence of an axiological frame which led to its distancing away from a humanistic, action‐oriented social psychology. Rather than lessening these challenges, it is argued that neoliberalism has, in fact, further entrenched them in two interconnected ways. First, at the level of academic practice, neoliberalism has structured academic work or labor in the neoliberal university/academia in ways that are more consistent with the production of knowledge that subscribes to positivist principles. Second, on a conceptual level, the hegemony of neoliberalism has been accompanied by a corresponding hegemony of conceptual and methodological individualism in the social sciences. This in turn has led to an environment conducive to and encouraging of positivist approaches in social psychology.
Combination of phytase and citric acid, but not phytase alone, ensures regular rates of growth and bone mineralization in quails under severe phosphorus restriction
Authors: Vieira Bruno S. , Caramori Junior Joao G. , Correa Gerusa S. S. , Colvara Ines G. , Brusamarelo Emanuele , Pereira Thuani V. S. , Barbosa Silvana A. P. V. , Oliveira Cleber F. S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase (PHY), alone or in combination with citric acid (CA), on growing Japanese quails under moderate and severe phosphorus (P) restriction. For this, 504 one‐day‐old female quails were distributed in a completely randomised design with seven treatments and six replications. Treatments consisted of the following diets: (a) positive control (PC): formulated according to quails nutritional requirements; (b) negative control 40% (NC40): PC with 40% less aP; (c) NC40+PHY; (d) NC40+PHY+CA; (e) negative control 65% (NC65): PC with 65% less aP; (f) NC65+PHY; (g) NC65+PHY+CA. Phytase and CA were included at 300 FTU/kg and 40 g/kg, respectively. Performance, bone mineralization and plasma mineral concentration were evaluated at day 35; calcium (Ca) and P metabolism, between days 36 and 39. No significant differences in performance, plasma Ca and P were detected between quails fed PC or NC40; however, NC40 decreased tibia ash (p < 0.01). Treatment NC65 impaired daily weight gain (p = 0.01), tibia ash (p < 0.01), and tibia optical densitometry (p = 0.03), as well as modified plasma Ca (p < 0.01) and P (p = 0.03) concentrations when compared to PC. Both NC40 and NC65 reduced P excretion (p < 0.01). Phytase alone restored tibia ash of NC40 quails to regular rates. Nevertheless, only PHY and CA combined returned plasma P, tibia ash, tibia optical densitometry, and daily weight gain of quails fed NC65 to similar values as those observed in PC. In conclusion, PHY alone suppresses the negative effects of moderate P restriction in growing Japanese quails, but fails in this task under severe P restriction. In such a situation, only the combination of PHY and CA ensures regular rates of growth and bone mineralization. This concept should be better explored by producers in order to take full advantage of the reduction in P excretion achieved by lowering dietary P concentrations.