bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political transition in resource economies
Authors: Atallah Samer 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper explains the lack of democratization in resource‐ exporting countries using a two‐period resource extraction model. There are two classes of agents: the elite who own capital and natural resources, and citizens who own labor. Government policies are designed to ensure that the elite remain in power and that citizens do not have the incentive to revolt. On the other hand, policies in the democracy case are not constrained by the threat of revolution. Compared to the democratic case, the resource is over‐extracted and the investment is lower. Non‐democratic institutions are the rational choice of the elite.
The impact of organic links in position auctions with popular versus niche keywords
Authors: Arnold Michael , Darmon Eric , Penard Thierry 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe analyze a game‐theoretic model to explore the impact of organic links (links generated by the search engine algorithm) and popular versus niche keywords on bidding strategies in sponsored link position auctions. In contrast to results in earlier literature, we find that with organic links the firm with the highest value per click does not necessarily win the first sponsored position; it may be optimal for a firm to bid an amount greater than the expected value from a click; and firms may choose not to bid even if they would incur no cost for clicks on the sponsored link.
Ségrégation professionnelle selon la durée du travail en Europe
Authors: SPARREBOOM Theo 
Published: May 2018

RésuméL'auteur évalue la ségrégation professionnelle selon la durée du travail dans quinze pays européens, à partir de données de l'Enquěte européenne sur les forces de travail. Il recherche les déterminants de cette ségrégation par une analyse de régression reposant sur trois groupes d'indicateurs (quantité d'emploi, qualité de l'emploi et institutions). De façon générale, la ségrégation observée est plus forte chez les hommes que chez les femmes, et chez les jeunes que chez les adultes. Elle est plutôt corrélée avec la quantité d'emploi chez les hommes, alors que des variables des trois groupes d'indicateurs interviennent chez les jeunes et les femmes adultes.
Les écarts salariaux dans une profession à prédominance féminine: le travail domestique informel et flexible au Portugal
Authors: SULEMAN Fátima , FIGUEIREDO Maria da Conceição 
Published: May 2018

RésuméLes auteures étudient les effets des arrangements informels et flexibles sur les salaires des travailleurs domestiques employés par des personnes privées au Portugal. Les estimations indiquent que l'emploi formel est bénéfque aux travailleurs, que leur contrat soit stable ou fexible. Toutefois, les mécanismes du marché du travail et des fonctionnements sociaux favorisent la persistance des inégalités, surtout au détriment des travailleurs migrants. Les qualifcations ne sont ni valorisées ni rétribuées, et on observe des salaires supérieurs chez les travailleurs occasionnels et ceux qui ont plusieurs employeurs ou s'occupent de personnes âgées. Cependant, ces travailleurs restent exposés à l'exploitation et à l'insécurité.
Recesión, austeridad y género. Análisis comparado de ocho mercados de trabajo europeos
Authors: PÉRIVIER Hélène 
Published: May 2018

ResumenLa caída del PIB con la crisis mundial en 2008 afectó menos al empleo femenino que al masculino, mientras que la austeridad ha sido más perniciosa para las mujeres, una disparidad de género descrita como el escenario «de la recesión masculina a la austeridad para las mujeres» (he‐cession to she‐austerity). Se analizan las tendencias de género en los mercados de trabajo de ocho países europeos, descomponiendo las variaciones trimestrales en la participación y en el empleo por sectores. El escenario mencionado no se observa en todos los países. Se identifican otros cauces por los que las distintas políticas de austeridad comprometen la igualdad de género y los derechos de las mujeres.
La polarización del empleo en Europa desde una perspectiva sectorial
Authors: CIRILLO Valeria 
Published: May 2018

ResumenLa autora se centra en la polarización del empleo y proporciona evidencia para explicar los patrones de variación ocupacional sobre la base de cuatro macrogrupos de la CIUO según el nivel de calificación. Adoptando un enfoque estructural y sectorial, y mediante un análisis shift‐share, pone de relieve diferencias entre las manufacturas y los servicios, así como entre países. La polarización se observa más bien en los servicios, y en algunos países europeos conduce a rechazar la teoría del sesgo del cambio tecnológico hacia el trabajo calificado.
Nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2–related factor 2 activates glutathione S‐transferase expression in the midgut of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in response to phytochemicals and insecticides
Authors: Chen S. , Lu M. , Zhang N. , Zou X. , Mo M. , Zheng S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDetoxication enzymes play an important role in insect resistance to xenobiotics such as insecticides and phytochemicals. We studied the pathway for activating the expression of glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) in response to selected xenobiotics. An assay of the promoter activity of GST epsilon 1 (Slgste1) of Spodoptera litura led to the discovery of a cis‐regulating element. An antioxidant response element was activated in response to indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) and was able to bind with the xenobiotic sensor protein nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2–related factor 2 (SlNrf2). SlNrf2 and Slgste1 were responsive to reactive oxygen species induced by I3C and CPF in a S. litura cell line, as well as in S. litura midguts. SlNrf2 RNA interference (RNAi) reduced the message RNA levels of Slgste1 and the peroxidase activity of GSTs in response to I3C, xanthotoxin, CPF and deltamethrin. SlNrf2 RNAi and inhibitor treatment of GST activity decreased the viability of I3C‐treated cells. These results indicate that SlNrf2 activates the expression of GSTs in response to oxidative stresses caused by exposure to xenobiotics.
MicroRNA signature of central nervous system‐infiltrating dendritic cells in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hoye Mariah L. , Archambault Angela S. , Gordon Taylor M. , Oetjen Landon K. , Cain Matthew D. , Klein Robyn S. , Crosby Seth D. , Kim Brian S. , Miller Timothy M. , Wu Gregory F. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryInnate immune cells are integral to the pathogenesis of several diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including multiple sclerosis (MS). Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent CD11c+ antigen‐presenting cells that are critical regulators of adaptive immune responses, particularly in autoimmune diseases such as MS. The regulation of DC function in both the periphery and CNS compartment has not been fully elucidated. One limitation to studying the role of CD11c+ DCs in the CNS is that microglia can upregulate CD11c during inflammation, making it challenging to distinguish bone marrow‐derived DCs (BMDCs) from microglia. Selective expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to distinguish populations of innate cells and regulate their function within the CNS during neuro‐inflammation. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) murine model of MS, we characterized the expression of miRNAs in CD11c+ cells using a non‐biased murine array. Several miRNAs, including miR‐31, were enriched in CD11c+ cells within the CNS during EAE, but not LysM+ microglia. Moreover, to distinguish CD11c+ DCs from microglia that upregulate CD11c, we generated bone marrow chimeras and found that miR‐31 expression was specific to BMDCs. Interestingly, miR‐31‐binding sites were enriched in mRNAs downregulated in BMDCs that migrated into the CNS, and a subset was confirmed to be regulated by miR‐31. Finally, miR‐31 was elevated in DCs migrating through an in vitro blood–brain barrier. Our findings suggest miRNAs, including miR‐31, may regulate entry of DCs into the CNS during EAE, and could potentially represent therapeutic targets for CNS autoimmune diseases such as MS.
Foreign exchange intervention revisited: A new way of estimating censored models
Authors: Ordoñez‐Callamand Daniel , Villamizar‐Villegas Mauricio , Melo‐Velandia Luis F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a long‐standing issue in the international finance literature: namely, how to capture the behaviour of central banks when deciding foreign exchange policies. Essentially, the main empirical problem is that a researcher observes numerous large‐scale purchases of foreign currency but a general absence of sales. This asymmetry has motivated the use of heavily dependent parametric models. We take a fresh look at this problem by allowing for a more flexible estimation, robust to various model specifications. Our results indicate that our method outperforms some of the standard models used to date. Hence, our main contribution is to provide policymakers with an improved and readily accessible toolkit to evaluate their actions. To shed some light on this, we estimate policy functions for the cases of Turkey and Colombia and highlight marked differences with the related literature.
Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by electrophoretically deposited titania‐halloysite nanotubes coatings
Authors: Farrokhi‐Rad Morteza , Mohammadalipour Mehrdad , Shahrabi Taghi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTwo‐component suspensions of titania and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were prepared in ethanol with 0.5 g/L (optimum concentration) of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and different wt% of HNTs. Kinetics of Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) decreased with increasing the HNTs content in suspensions due to their less mobility compared with titania particles. HNTs reinforced the microstructure of coatings and reduced or completely prevented from cracking during drying and heat‐treatment steps. Removal of methylene blue (MB) via adsorption by HNTs coatings was faster than its photocatalytic degradation by titania coating. Dispersion of HNTs (up to ≈30 wt%) in the matrix of titania resulted in the synergistic catalytic effect in MB removal. The synergistic effect was because of the shorter traveling distance of MB molecules adsorbed on HNTs toward the photocatalytic active site of titania particles in composite coatings. However, the synergistic effect was destroyed with increasing the HNTs content in coating. Difference between the amount of MB removed by titania and composite coatings increased at longer times (≥60 minutes). Mass transfer of MB adsorbed on HNTs toward the photocatalytic active sites of adjacent titania particles can compensate the decline in the mass transfer from solution at longer times.
Structure of Se–Te glasses by Raman spectroscopy and DFT modeling
Authors: Tverjanovich Andrey , Cuisset Arnaud , Fontanari Daniele , Bychkov Eugene 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor the first time, the Raman spectra of bulk SexTe1‐x glasses, 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.0, have been measured over the entire glass‐forming range. The spectra exhibit three broad spectral features between 150 and 300 cm−1, attributed to Te–Te, Se–Te, and Se–Se stretching modes according to DFT simulations. The observed weak chemical ordering in the glasses is discussed on the basis of heteropolar and homopolar bond fractions derived from integrated intensity of the Raman modes and DFT cross‐sections. The underlying structural model of the glasses suggests a random distribution of the Se–Se, Se–Te, and Te–Te chemical bonds with some preference for heteropolar bonding within Se–Te–Se structural units.
Selling through referrals
Authors: Condorelli Daniele , Galeotti Andrea , Skreta Vasiliki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe endogenize intermediaries' choice to operate as agents or merchants in a market where there are frictions due to asymmetric information about consumption values. A seller has an object for sale and can reach buyers only through intermediaries. Intermediaries can either mediate the transaction by buying and reselling—the merchant mode—or refer buyers to the seller for a fee—the referral mode. When the seller has a strong bargaining position and can condition the asking price to the intermediaries' business model choice, all intermediaries specialize in agency. The seller's and intermediaries' joint profits equal the seller's profits when he has access to all buyers. When the seller does not have such bargaining power, the level of the referral fee and the degree of competition among intermediaries determine the business mode adoption. A hybrid agency–merchant mode may be adopted in equilibrium. Banning the referral mode can decrease welfare because the merchant mode is associated with additional allocative distortions due to asymmetric information.
Examining Multiple Rhythms of Military and Veteran Family Life
Authors: Marini Christina M. , Collins Christina L. , MacDermid Wadsworth Shelley M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis review considers existing literature about military and veteran families' deployment‐related experiences in relation to three separate, yet related, temporal rhythms. First, we consider military family functioning within a short‐term rhythm focused on dynamic family interactions (e.g., communicative exchanges) that occur daily. Next, we consider medium‐term rhythms characterized by more temporal stability. Examples of such rhythms include established marital and parenting patterns that likely have bidirectional associations with adjustment to deployments or other experiences connected to military service. The final rhythm focuses on long‐term implications of wartime service for military and veteran families. We conclude by considering examples of ways these different rhythms of individual and family functioning may intersect. Our main purpose in highlighting these rhythms is to generate fruitful directions for future research about the conditions under which deployment‐induced transitions may produce periods of dysfunction, promote positive growth, or leave individuals and families relatively unchanged.
Contribution of parenting to complex syntax development in preschool children with developmental delays or typical development
Authors: Moody C. T. , Baker B. L. , Blacher J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite studies of how parent–child interactions relate to early child language development, few have examined the continued contribution of parenting to more complex language skills through the preschool years. The current study explored how positive and negative parenting behaviours relate to growth in complex syntax learning from child age 3 to age 4 years, for children with typical development or developmental delays (DDs).MethodsParticipants were children with or without DD (N = 60) participating in a longitudinal study of development. Parent–child interactions were transcribed and coded for parenting domains and child language. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify the contribution of parenting to complex syntax growth in children with typical development or DD.ResultsAnalyses supported a final model, F(9,50) = 11.90, P < .001, including a significant three‐way interaction between positive parenting behaviours, negative parenting behaviours and child delay status. This model explained 68.16% of the variance in children's complex syntax at age 4. Simple two‐way interactions indicated differing effects of parenting variables for children with or without DD.ConclusionsResults have implications for understanding of complex syntax acquisition in young children, as well as implications for interventions.
The Role of Neuroimaging in the Determination of Brain Death
Authors: MacDonald Derek , Stewart‐Perrin Brandie , Shankar Jai Jai Shiva 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEBrain death determination (BDD) is primarily a clinical diagnosis, where death is defined as the permanent loss of brainstem function. In scenarios where clinical examinations are inaccurate, ancillary imaging tests are required. The choice of ancillary imaging test is variable, but the common denominator for all of them is to establish a lack of cerebral blood flow. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy and interrater reliability of different ancillary imaging tests used for BDD.METHODSArchival data were retrospectively analyzed for all patients who underwent any ancillary imaging test for BDD at our institution. The results of ancillary imaging tests were compared with, the reference standard, the clinical checklist for declaration of brain death. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of different ancillary imaging tests for BDD were performed. Interobserver agreement between two observers was measured using kappa statistics for each of the imaging modalities.RESULTSA total of 74 patients underwent 41 computer tomography perfusion (CTP), 54 CT angiogram, 15 radionuclide scans, 1 cerebral angiogram, 3 magnetic resonance imaging, and 71 nonenhanced CT (NECT) head for BDD. All ancillary tests (except NECT head) showed 100% specificity and PPV. CTP had the highest sensitivity and NPV. All ancillary imaging tests demonstrated very high interrater reliability.CONCLUSIONSThe uses of ancillary imaging tests for BDD are increasing. Within this study's limitations, CTP followed by radionuclide scan were found to be the most accurate and reliable ancillary imaging test for BDD.
The Influence of Organizational Culture on School‐Based Obesity Prevention Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Fair Kayla N. , Solari Williams Kayce D. , Warren Judith , McKyer E. Lisako Jones , Ory Marcia G. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAlthough the influence of organizational culture has been examined on a variety of student outcomes, few studies consider the influence that culture may have on school‐based obesity prevention interventions. We present a systematic review of the literature to examine how elements of organizational culture may affect the adoption, implementation, and sustainability of school‐based obesity prevention interventions.METHODSFourteen studies examining the impact of organizational‐level characteristics on school‐based obesity prevention interventions were identified through the online databases EBSCO (CINAHL, ERIC, Agricola), Web of Science, Medline (PubMed), and Scopus.RESULTSFive themes were identified as elements of organizational culture that influence the adoption, implementation, and sustainability of school‐based obesity prevention interventions: organizational response to limited resources, value placed on staff training and professional development, internal support, organizational values, and school climate.CONCLUSIONSOrganizational culture can greatly influence the success of school‐based obesity interventions. The collection of data related to organizational‐level factors may be used to identify strategies for creating and sustaining a supportive environment for obesity prevention interventions in the school setting.
Formative Research to Create a Farm‐to‐School Program for High School Students in a Lower Income, Diverse, Urban Community
Authors: Greer Anna E. , Davis Stacey , Sandolo Cristina , Gaudet Nicole , Castrogivanni Brianna 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDUsing Social Cognitive Theory as a framework, we examined opportunities for promoting local produce consumption among high school students in a lower‐income, ethnically diverse, urban community.METHODSSix focus groups (N = 53) were conducted with students. Using Atlas.ti qualitative software, data were coded and reviewed to identify code categories which could be taken to represent themes.RESULTSStudents (56.8% girls, 86.5% nonwhite) described local produce as being grown “nearby” or “in Connecticut.” Overwhelmingly, students perceived local produce to be of higher quality (eg, “tastes better,” “fresher”) than nonlocal produce. Students reported that the foods served at school are “unnatural” and “made in a factory.” Salient perceived outcomes associated with consuming local produce included “benefits the environment,” “builds community and trust,” and “keeps taxes down.” Students recommended hanging large colorful posters highlighting the positive outcomes associated with consuming local produce in school locations with captive audiences such as lunch lines and classrooms. Labels identifying the food origins of cafeteria foods provided as well as taste tests of local produce might support students' self‐efficacy for consuming local fruits and vegetables.CONCLUSIONSThese findings provide theory‐based strategies for how to promote local produce consumption among a diverse group of urban high schools students.
Sexting Rates and Predictors From an Urban Midwest High School
Authors: Gregg David , Somers Cheryl L. , Pernice Francesca Maria , Hillman Stephen B. , Kernsmith Poco 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDRisks associated with teen sexting draw increasing concern from teachers and communities as developments in communication software and devices make sharing private content faster and simpler each year. We examined rates, recipients, and predictors of teen sexting to better plan education and preventative policies and strategies. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to determine the most likely predictors of teen sexting using prior survey studies and theoretical conceptions.METHODSWe surveyed 314 high school students in an urban area of a large Midwestern city.RESULTSMales were found to more frequently report sexting. Impulsivity, frequency of electronic communication, peer pressure, peer sexting, and social learning significantly predicted sexting beyond age, race, and sex. Self‐esteem did not moderate the effect of peer pressure to sext. Structural predictive models attained good fit to the data, and neither were moderated by sex.CONCLUSIONSSexting was highly associated with reported peer pressure, perceived norms, and impulsive decision making. Adolescents in relationships may be at particular risk of sexting. These findings will help parents, teens, and educators take appropriate measures to inform about and encourage the safe use of technology.
Analyzing Multilevel Factors Underlying Adolescent Smoking Behaviors: The Roles of Friendship Network, Family Relations, and School Environment
Authors: Kim Harris H.‐S. , Chun JongSerl 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study investigates the extent to which friendship network, family relations, and school context are related to adolescent cigarette smoking. Friendship network is measured in terms of delinquent peers; family relations in terms of parental supervision; and school environment in terms of objective (eg, antismoking policy) and subjective (eg, school attachment) characteristics.METHODSFindings are based on the secondary analysis of the health behavior in school‐aged children, 2009–2010. Two‐level hierarchical generalized linear models are estimated using hierarchical linear modeling 7.RESULTSAt the student level, ties to delinquent friends is significantly related to higher odds of smoking, while greater parental supervision is associated with lower odds. At the school level, antismoking policy and curriculum independently lower smoking behavior. Better within‐class peer relations, greater school attachment, and higher academic performance are also negatively related to smoking. Last, the positive association between delinquent friends and smoking is weaker in schools with a formally enacted antismoking policy. However, this association is stronger in schools with better peer relations.CONCLUSIONSAdolescent smoking behavior is embedded in a broader ecological setting. This research reveals that a proper understanding of it requires comprehensive analysis that incorporates factors measured at individual (student) and contextual (school) levels.