bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased Retinal Microvasculature Densities in Pterygium
Authors: Wang¹* Feng , Ye¹²* Lin-Hong , Shi¹ Wen-Qing , Li¹ Biao , Lin¹ Qi , Min¹ You-Lan , Yuan¹ Qing , Shao¹# Yi , Gao Guiping 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the retinal vascular network alterations in eyes of patients with pterygium.
Method 18 left eyes from 18 female pterygium patients and 18 left eyes from 18 female healthy control subjects were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were generated of the superficial retinal layer (SRL) and deeper retinal layer (DRL) of the macular retina for each eye. The microvascular (MIR) and macrovascular (MAR) densities were calculated and MIR, MAR, and total MIR (TMI) density was compared in the healthy control and pterygium groups.
Results In pterygium group, in the SRL, the vascular density in SMIR (superficial MIR), SR, IR, R, SC1, SC2 and SC3 decreased significantly in the macular area (P<.05). Furthermore, the vascular density in all those decreased regions except R, was significantly and negatively correlated with the disease course ( r=-0.6038 to -0.7762, P=0.0008), and the area size of pterygium (r=-0.6043 to -0.9508, P<0.05). For the DRL, the density of DTMI, DMIR (deeper MIR), SR, IR, R, DC2 and DC3 decreased significantly in macular area of pterygium patients (P<.05). Furthermore, the vascular density in all those decreased regions was significantly and negatively correlated with the disease course (r=-0.6901 to -0.7795, P=0.0015), and the area size of pterygium (r=-0.6043 to -0.9563, P<0.05). No statistically significant differences and correlation was found in other region density (|r|＜0.47, P>0.05).
Conclusion OCTA findings suggested that pterygium patients present with decreased retinal MIR density, which was negatively correlated with the disease course and the area size of pterygium.
Creation of bread spring wheat breeding material with wheat-rye translocations
Authors: С. О. Хоменко  , В. А. Власенко  , Т. В. Чугункова  , І. В. Федоренко  , Д. Ю. Березовський  , Т. А. Данюк  
Published: May 2019

Purpose. Creation of bread spring wheat varieties using domestic and foreign varieties as carriers of wheat-rye translocation. Меthods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. The creation of varieties with wheat-rye translocation 1AL.1RS is the perspective direction of breeding, which allows to significantly improve the gene pool of bread spring wheat. The paper covers outputs of long-term breeding studies conducted at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (MIW) for obtaining bread wheat varieties with wheat-rye translocation 1AL.1RS. As the initial breeding material varieties and lines of domestic and foreign breeding were used, in particular, the ‘TAM 107’ variety (USA) with wheat-rye translocation 1AL.1RS. During realization of the scientific breeding program, the bread winter wheat variety ‘Ekspromt’ (1AL.1RS), as well as the bread spring wheat varieties ‘Struna myronivska’ (1AL.1RS) and ‘MІP Solomіia’ (1AL.1RS) have been created. As evidenced by the analysis of the spectrum of storage proteins, the varieties ‘Struna myronivska’ and ‘MIP Solomiіa’ contain wheat-rye translocation 1AL.1RS in their genomes. The variety ‘MIP Solomiіa’ inherited it from the variety of bread spring wheat ‘Struna myronivska’. The bread spring wheat new variety ‘MІP Solomiia’ is characterized by high yielding capacity, adaptability, resistance to powdery mildew, fusarium head blight, common bunt and high indices of grain quality. Conclusions. By long-term single crossing foreign varieties and domestic breeding material when using the pedigree method, bread wheat varieties with wheat-rye translocation 1AL.1RS have been created. The bread spring wheat variety ‘MІP Solomiia’ submitted for the State Variety Testing in 2017, is characterized by high yielding capa­city, lodging resistance, low incidence of fungal diseases, resistance to common bunt, adaptability. The presence of wheat-rye translocation in spring wheats varieties of Myronivka breeding ‘Struna myronivska’ and ‘MІP Solomіia’ has been confirmed by analyzing the spectrum of storage proteins during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Outcome of Early Tracheostomy in the Management of Grade II (Moderate) Tetanus Patient
Authors: Awan Nukhbat- Ullah , Sohail Muhammad , Sarwar Zeeshan , Bashir Muhammad Mustahsen , Khokhar Muhammad Abbas , Chatha Asad Aizaz 
Published: May 2019

The study was carried out in ENT Department ofKEMU, Lahore from December 2012 to November 2015 to assess theoutcome of early tracheostomy in grade II (moderate) tetanus patients.A total of fifty-six adults of both genders, diagnosed as grade II tetanus patients, were included. Clinical characteristics,mode of trauma, incubation period, vaccination status and investigations were recorded. All patients were managed in ICU and early tracheostomy was performed in addition to standardized medical treatment. A total of 86% males with age 32±8.3 years presented the study participants. Results demonstrated thatmost common mode of trauma was road traffic accident, and majority (54%) of patients were never vaccinated. Incubation period noted was 7±1 days. Tracheostomy was performed in 16±3 hours of admission and tracheostomy decannulation was performed in 23±3 days. Patients were discharged in 27±3 days.Weconcludethat early control of airway with tracheostomy in grade II tetanus patients helped in better patient management with early recovery and decreased hospital stay with minimal morbidity.
Violence against Women with Disabilities: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Ashraf Samina , Haider Ghulam , Ashraf Maimoona 
Published: May 2019

Many of the research studies have shown that usually people with disabilities and specifically women with disabilities are at increased risk of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse as well as to other practices of violence, such as institutional violence, drug use, undesirable sterilisation, medical abuse, mortification,and nuisance. This study is intended to explore the lived experiences of women with disabilities who have been subjected to any type of violence, generate a theoretical model for the ways in which women with disabilities survived and coped with their violence and finally to make suggestions and recommendationsin order to reduce the elements causing violence against women with disabilities. In this study, a qualitative interpretive phenomenological research methodology has been used to explore, interpret, and evaluate the personal narratives of women with disabilities about their experiences with violence and abuse. The phenomenology approach was used to study the phenomena. A number of 05 women with disabilities who had physical disability or sensory impairment (visual and hearing) were purposively selected as the participants of the study. The age of participants was between 25 to 40 years and they had past experience of any type of abuse of violence, and were cognitively normal to respond interview. At first we identified the participants with the help of survey. A series of detailed and in- depth interview of 60 to 90 minutes were conducted from the participants. On the basis of collected data the researchers have given textural description and a structural description of the experiences, and ultimately provide understanding of the common experience of the participants. Finally from the structural and textural description, the researchers wrote a composite description that to present the essence of the phenomena.
Effects of Different Stretching Times on Range of Motion in Patients with Hamstring Tightness: A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Shoukat Halima , Arshad Hafiz Sheraz , Sharif Faiza , Fatima Arooj , Shoukat Filza 
Published: May 2019

Hamstring tightness is commonest cause of altered biomechanics of ankle, knee, hip and spine. Long persistent tightness results in pain, decreased range of motion and others pathologies in knee joint. Stretching techniques are used to treat muscle tightness. In clinical settings, different stretch holding timesare used to treat hamstring tightness. The purpose of the study was to determine effects of different static stretch holding-times on hamstring muscles flexibility and their impacts on improving range of motion (ROM) of knee extension in adults. This experimental work was conducted on students of University of Lahorefrom December 2013 to March 2014. The study comprised of 60 subjects with asymptomatic tightness of hamstrings muscles and subjects were aged between 18-26 years (irrespective of their gender). Range of motion at knee joint was measured by universal goniometer before the commencement of stretching technique. Static stretching was applied to group A, B and C with 30, 60 and 90 seconds holds, respectively. Stretches were exerted at frequency of three sessions per week and three repetitions per session. Reevaluation of ROM was performed after 4 and 6 weeks. The mean values of ROM of knee extension showed gainin range after applying static stretching at 30s, 60s and 90s holding times. By applying repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA), the p-values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.001) for static stretching techniques with 30s, 60s, 90s holding times, respectively. Based on these finding, it is plausible toconclude that application of static stretching at holding times of 30, 60 and 90 seconds can significantly improve the ROM of knee extension. Stretching techniques with different holding times were equally effective in improving knee extension and gaining hamstring flexibility in adults.
Quantitative estimations of aquifer properties from resistivity in the Bolivian highlands
Authors: Gómez Etzar , Broman Viktor , Dahlin Torleif , Barmen Gerhard , Rosberg Jan-Erik 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Resistivity data constitute the largest part of the available information to assess the hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer system near Oruro, in the central part of the Bolivian Altiplano. Two aquifers are part of this system; top unconsolidated sediments storing fresh water in their granular voids, overlying fractured hard rock formations where saline water was detected in connection to some faults. This study proposes an indirect and cost-effective way to estimate aquifer hydraulic properties for the groundwater management in the region. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity in the top aquifer were estimated using an empirical linear relationship between hydraulic conductivity and resistivity. This latter parameter, as well as the aquifer thickness, were obtained from the inverted models corresponding to the geoelectrical tests performed in the study area (electrical resistivity tomography, transient electromagnetic soundings and vertical electrical soundings). The highest estimated transmissivity values are ∼4.0 × 10−2 m2/s located in the centre of the study area, the lowest values are ∼3.4 × 10−3 m2/s, located around thermal intrusions to the south and where the top of the bedrock is shallow (∼20 m depth) to the west. The methodology presented in this study makes wider use of resistivity measurements to identify promising groundwater production sites.
Integrated modeling to assess flow changes due to future dam development and operation in Stung Sen River of Tonle Sap Lake Basin, Cambodia
Authors: Theara Tha , Sarit Chung , Chantha Oeurng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In response to rapid development and high demand for electricity, Cambodia has planned to build more hydropower dams. As a result, there are significant concerns for the changes in seasonal flow regimes which will result in degrading fisheries and biodiversity downstream. In this paper, we assess how a multipurpose dam affects downstream flows. To predict the magnitude of flow changes, flows which were simulated using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and other necessary data were computed into HEC-ResSim (Reservoir Simulation) models to simulate regulated flow from the dam. Downstream flows under three different operation scenarios (full-level, low-level, and seasonal variation) were modeled to compare with the baseline flows. For low-level and seasonal variation operation scenarios of Stung Sen dam, daily and seasonal flows saw a significant change. There would be an average increase of 42% in dry season flow and an average decrease of 46% in wet season flow, with the corresponding standard deviation of 22% and 19%, respectively, at the outlet of Stung Sen Basin, resulting from an operation to maximize energy production. The natural river flow in this river would be significantly changed due to this dam construction.
What constitutes an equitable water share? A reassessment of equitable apportionment in the Jordan–Israel water agreement 25 years later
Authors: Talozi Samer , Altz-Stamm Amelia , Hussein Hussam , Reich Peter 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The water agreement between Jordan and Israel, created as part of their peace treaty in 1994, set out detailed allocations terms to which both countries have respectively abided since its inception. But after two and a half decades, the water agreement terms no longer appear as equitable considering the social, economic, and environmental changes that have occurred in the region as a whole and within the two countries individually. This paper analyzes the status of the treaty terms in light of changes seen within both countries regarding the factors laid out by the United Nations as relevant to determining equitable apportionment among riparian nations. The analysis suggests that a renegotiation of the water agreement terms is warranted due in large part to changes in population and the availability of alternative water resources (desalination and treated wastewater). While no explicit recommendations are made as to what a future treaty's terms should include, this paper presents evidence of a changing ground reality that deserves greater consideration in reaching a more equitable and sustainable water agreement for the decades to come.
Design Based Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Marrubium vulgare Linn and Comparative Evaluation of Extracts for Furan Labdane Diterpene (Marrubiin) Concentration and Antihypertensive Potential
Authors: Nanda Arun , Mittal Vineet 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Improvement in extract quality in terms of concentration of secondary metabolites
and pharmacological activity has always been the need of the hour. In the present research, the
target was to extract the selected medicinal herb using the ultrasound waves and to optimize the extraction
conditions for the improvement in the quality of extract with respect to furan labdane diterpene
(marrubiin) concentration and antihypertensive potential.

Methods:
The whole plant of Marrubium vulgare Linn. was collected from the fields of Pulwama district
of Jammu and Kashmir state in India and extracted by cold maceration (MVM) and ultrasound
assisted extraction techniques (MVU). The response surface methodology coupled with the central
composite design was employed to optimize the selected extraction parameters in UAE method. The
marrubiin concentration in different extracts was determined by HPTLC. The extracts were also evaluated
for the antihypertensive potential by non-invasive blood pressure monitoring (NIBPM) method.

Results:
The extract yield (14.2 ± 0.9%) and concentration of marrubiin (0.91 ± 0.04%) were significantly
improved at the optimized UAE conditions (Ultrasound power 467 W, sonication time of 47
minutes and solvent concentration of 33 mL per g of drug) as compared to the conventional method.
Furthermore, the MVU extract (200 mg/kg) along with ethanol significantly (p<0.01) prevented the rise
in mean systolic blood pressure (MSBP) of animals and also the GSH was significantly (p<0.05) enhanced
as compared to ethanol-treated animals.

Conclusion:
The elevation in MSBP and decrease in reduced glutathione concentration (GSH) by the
chronic ethanol consumption were significantly altered by MVU extract as compared to MVM extract.
The enhanced antihypertensive effect of selected herb may be attributed to the improved concentration
of secondary metabolites (marrubiin) in MVU extract obtained at optimized conditions.
Comparison of the Mean Minimum Dose of Bolus Oxytocin for Proper Uterine Contraction during Cesarean Section
Authors: Beiranvand Siavash , Karimi Arash , Vahabi Sepideh , Amin-Bidokhti Arash 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Cesarean section is the most common midwifery operation. The aim of
this study is to determine the mean minimum dose of bolus oxytocin for proper uterine contraction
during cesarean section.

Method:
Patients were divided into two groups: elective cesarean section (n=41) and cesarean
section due to difficulty in labor (n=42 patients). Patients underwent spinal anesthesia and oxytocin
infusion was begun at 30 drops per minute (20 units of oxytocin per 1000 cc serum), and was also
administered as a half-dose in cc to achieve effective contraction of the uterus. Meanwhile, the information
of patients including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate and
amount of bleeding during the operation was recorded in a questionnaire.

Results:
In the elective cesarean section group, the average SBP was about 117.10mmHg, average
DBP 70.50 mmHg, the amount of bleeding during surgery was 623.63mL, and heart rate was
88.88bpm. In the cesarean section group due to difficulty in labor progress, SBP was 113.5 mmHg,
DBP 62.69 mmHg, and bleeding was 573.81mL. In addition, 9 patients in the elective group and 3
patients in the lack of progress group, did not require bolus oxytocin. In the lack of a progress
group, 8 patients needed more than 5 doses of oxytocin. In addition, about 10 (12%) of all patients
had no side effects, and hypotension.

Conclusion:
Given that, the minimum effective dose of oxytocin in the elective cesarean section
was 1IU, and in those in labor progress was 1-1.5IU, less oxytocin administration represents lesser
side effects. It is recommended that patients who are candidates of cesarean section should be administered
1.5IU of oxytocin in the form of bolus.
Reading Strategies, Reading Comprehension, and Translation
Authors: Kovács Gabriella 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Translators and language teachers are cultural and intercultural mediators, facilitators of intercultural transfers and border crossings between cultures. The abilities to understand, interpret, and produce written texts appropriately play an essential role in these professions. In the process of translation, source-language texts have to be understood and translated using the most appropriate target-language equivalents. Reading skills and awareness of reading strategies are equally essential for language teachers, who are expected to guide language learners in developing these skills. In this study, we intend to examine the reading habits and reading strategies used by a group of Hungarian translator and teacher trainees when dealing with texts written in English. Their reading comprehension performance will be assessed with a test and compared with their ability to translate English texts into Hungarian. Based on the literature and our personal experience in language teaching, teacher training, and translator training, we assume that students preparing for the above mentioned professions have a well-developed reading strategy awareness and that their reading comprehension skills in English strongly influence the ability to translate texts into their native language.
The Boundaries of Discourse Markers – Drawing Lines through Manual and Automatic Annotation
Authors: Furkó Péter 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Discourse markers are non-propositional linguistic items that are notoriously difficult to identify as well as to categorize. We can observe several borderline phenomena and overlaps with other formal and functional categories, e.g. inserts, adverbials, contextualization cues, pragmatic force modifiers, etc. By way of addressing such overlaps as well as the disambiguation between DM uses and their source categories, the paper presents a comparison of automated and manual annotation of oral discourse markers (DMs). Firstly, an overview of the criterial features of DMs that are relevant to disambiguation are presented. Secondly, the UCREL Semantic Analysis System (USAS) and its disambiguation methods are briefly discussed. In the third part of the paper, manual and automatic decisions about categorization are compared with a view to addressing the margin of error reported to apply in general semantic annotation as well as the question of what formal-functional properties of the relevant DMs might explain possible differences between manual and automatic annotation.
Disputed Words of Disputed Territories: Whose Is Kürtőskalács?
Authors: Nagy Imola Katalin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Kürtőskalács, or chimney cake, is a Hungarian bakery specialty, made from sweet, yeast dough. The Hungarian lexeme kürtőskalács has two etymological explanations, and it has a lot of synonyms. The disputes over the paternity of this product between Romanian authorities and Hungarians have made us consider the history and origin of the term, the evolution of the recipe, and other additional information regarding linguistic, cultural, and translational implications (we have identified the first attempts to translate the recipe of the dish into Romanian). The very first written recipe known today dates back to 1784, when Gazda Aszszonyi Böltseségnek Tárháza, Dániel Istvánné Gróf Mária Mikes’s cookery book was issued, although the word had been mentioned in much older documents. The name kürtőskalács has not penetrated the Romanian language yet, although attempts to translate its recipe can be spotted in the 19th century. The words used by Romanians are either transcriptions or borrowings, or adapted or coined variants (cozonac secuiesc, colac secuiesc) or even calques (the case of tulnic, which is used to echo the phonetic similarity of kürt (trumpet) and kürtő (chimney stove) in Hungarian, as tulnic means a kind of trumpet). Our research focuses on the history of this product, the history of the words related to it, taking into account one of the most interesting parts of gastronomic literature, i.e. the history of cookery books.
Mr Povondra’s Collage in Hungarian
Authors: Bobok Anna Steinbachné 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Karel Čapek’s The War with the Newts combines a wide assortment of textual forms and genres to portray the assumed history of the newts in close connection with that of the human race. Newspaper articles, scientific studies, notes of drunken sailors, and other inserts form a unique collage in style as well as in layout. In the various editions of the originally 1948 Hungarian translation of the novel, the textual arrangements of the most composite part of The War with the Newts – the second book – are significantly altered compared to the Czech edition. Moreover, the introductory sentences of the inserts, the typefaces, and the stylistic differences tend to suggest that there is a different notion of text and reading underlying the Hungarian versions. Other unifying tendencies traceable in the translation, e.g. standardized language use or concepts of character identity, can be correlated with these features. As the borders of various text-types within the Czech text are reorganized and re-established in the translation, a different position of the reader and a different idea of the literary text emerge. My aim is to demonstrate the translational differences and try to account for them with an underlying concept of text and translation embedded in the Hungarian variant.