<p>Pengaruh penambahan aluminium oksida terhadap kekuatan tarik dan tekan basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas</p><p>The effect of addition of aluminium oxide on the tensile and compressive strength of a heat-polymerised acrylic resin denture base</p>
Authors: Rahmadita Actara , Putranti Dwi Tjahyaning 
Published: January 2019

Pendahuluan: Resin akrilik polimerisasi panas (RAPP) merupakan bahan basis gigi tiruan yang paling banyak digunakan, namun memiliki sifat kekuatan tarik dan tekan yang rendah, sehingga diperlukan modifikasi dengan penambahan bahan penguat pada RAPP berupa aluminium oksida (Al2O3) atau alumina. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisi pengaruh penambahan aluminium oksida pada bahan basis gigi tiruan RAPP terhadap kekuatan tarik dan tekan. Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimental laboratoris. Sebanyak 25 sampel berbentuk flat dumbbell shaped berukuran 60x12x3,9 (mm) untuk uji kekuatan tarik dan 25 sampel berbentuk balok dengan ukuran 10x10x4 (mm) untuk uji kekuatan tekan. Pencampuran bubuk resin-aluminium oksida konsentasi 0,5%, 1,5%, 2,5% dan 3,5% dengan cairan resin dilakukan secara manual. Sampel direndam dalam air dan dimasukkan ke dalam inkubator. Uji dilakukan menggunakan universal testing machine dengan beban 1000N dan kecepatan crosshead 1mm/menit. Data dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA satu arah dan uji LSD. Hasil: Nilai kekuatan tarik kelompok kontrol dan keempat kelompok perlakuan penambahan aluminium oksida 0,5%, 1,5%, 2,5 %, 3,5% berturut turut adalah 50,867 MPa, 47,895 MPa, 45,107 MPa, 42,476 MPa, dan 39,753 MPa; sedangkan nilai kekuatan tekan kelompok kontrol dan keempat kelompok perlakuan penambahan aluminium oksida 0,5%, 1,5%, 2,5%, 3,5% berturut turut adalah 88,267 MPa, 106,085 MPa, 122,283 MPa, 135,367 MPa, dan 156,571 MPa. Penambahan bubuk aluminium oksida pada RAPP dapat menurunkan kekuatan tarik dan meningkatkan kekuatan tekan secara signifikan (p=0,0001 (p<0,05)), seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah konsentrasi aluminium oksida yang ditambahkan. Simpulan: Penambahan aluminium oksida pada bahan basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan tarik dan tekan.Kata kunci: Resin akrilik polimerisasi panas, aluminium oksida, kekuatan tarik, kekuatan tekan. ABSTRACT Introduction: Heat-polymerised acrylic resin (HPAR) is the most widely used denture base material but has a low tensile and compressive strength thus modification is needed by adding reinforcement in the form of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) or alumina. The research objective was to analyse the effect of adding aluminium oxide on the tensile and compressive strength of HPAR denture base material. Methods: An experimental laboratory research was conducted towards the total of 25 samples in the form of flat dumbbell shape sized 60 x 12 x 3.9 mm for the tensile strength test, and 25 samples in the form of blocks with the size of 10 x 10 x 4 mm for the compressive strength test. The mixture of powdered aluminium oxide resin with the concentrations of 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% with a liquid resin was carried out manually. The sample was then immersed in the water and put in an incubator. The test was performed using a universal testing machine with 1000 N loads and 1 mm/minute crosshead speed. Data obtained were analysed using the one-way ANOVA and LSD test. Result: The tensile strength values of the control group and all four treatment groups added with 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% aluminum oxide were 50.867 MPa, 47.895 MPa, 45.107 MPa, 42.4476 MPa and 39.753 MPa respectively, while the compressive strength values were 88.267 MPa, 106.085, 122.283 MPa, 135.367 MPa, and 156.571 MPa consecutively. Addition of aluminium oxide powder to the HPAR can significantly reduce the tensile and compressive strength (p = 0.0001 (p < 0.05)) along with increasing concentration. Conclusion: Addition of aluminium oxide towards the HPAR denture base affected its tensile and compressive strength.Keywords: Heat-polymerised acrylic resin, aluminium oxide, tensile strength, compressive strength.