bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La structure pliée des espaces de représentation : théorie élémentaire
Authors: Plagnol Arnaud 
Published: November 2018

The folded structure of representational spaces : elementary theory.
A conceptual framework is defined to describe the structure of the universe represented by a subject {representational space). This construction is intended to be enough rich to be relevant in numerous fields as psychopathology. A system of representation is developed from an analysis of the relations between analogical and symbolic representations. This system is ruled by a principle of unification of analogical representations, which directly display a content. Representational space is constructed from elementary folds defined as analogical representations that can be actualized in working memory. Elementary folds can be connected by symbolic structures in unifying representations. Representational space is pleated because of some objective constraints and folded because of the finite characteristics of working memory. Several integration degrees of a unifying representation are specified. Some processes of complexification are described. Defences processes are defined in this framework.
Searching for a Parking Space
Authors: Laurier Eric 
Published: November 2018

Chercher une place de parking.
Les travaux portant sur la conduite automobile sont généralement basés sur la psychologie cognitive ; dans une perspective mentaliste, les activités de navigation et de décision sont considérées comme étant des choix internes et individuels, fondés sur la perception d'un environnement externe. En revanche, cet article porte sur les activités de navigation et de recherche en les traitant comme des cours d'action publiquement disponibles, rendus intelligibles par le détail de la conduite, du trafic, de l'architecture ordinaire des rues, ainsi que par la logique séquentielle de la recherche d'un espace où se garer. Conduire est donc abordé comme un accomplissement collectif de la part de membres constituant des cohortes dans le trafic. L'étude se base sur des matériaux ethnographiques vidéo, qui constituent une source très riche d'observations sur des instances singulières du travail incarné de la recherche d'une place où garer sa voiture.
Une approche contextuelle de la compréhension et de l’usage des aides techniques
Authors: Barcenilla Javier , Tijus Charles 
Published: November 2018

A Contextual Approach to Understanding and Usability of User’s Assistance.
What are the design principles of an effective assistance ? Assistance is necessary when the user does not know how to carry out her/ his task. This is the case in training situation, but also when facing an unknown state of the device without the knowledge about how to get a known state. These are typically problem-solving situations and cognitive ergonomics was based on the problem solving processes to provide principles about the design of simple-to-use devices, but also to provide principles about the design of assistance systems. In this article, we describe the uses of assistances and, starting from the work of Piaget, Newell and Simon, Anderson, and Norman, we present a synthesis of the problem-solving approach that makes it possible to characterize the user situations that require a help. Knowing how the assistance systems are used, the training processes, and the causes of errors which lead to problematic situations, we show how the problem-solving approach makes it possible to determine the principles of a suitable help, and among them, the principles derived from AHMI (Auto-regulative Human-Machine Interaction) based on the follow-up of tasks realization, for the diagnosis and the remediation of the interaction.
Perception de l’espace et du mouvement dans Study of a Dog (Étude de chien) de Francis Bacon
Authors: Kapoula Zoi , Lestocart Louis-José 
Published: November 2018

Space and Motion Perception in Study of a Dog of Francis Bacon.
We examined differences in pictorial space and motion perception in subjects with various levels of expertise on contemporary art. The study was conducted at the Museum Maillol during the exhibition of paintings from Francis Bacon (Paris 2004). Here we present data from the painting Study of a dog. The painting portrays two orthogonal planes one in depth the other vertical, including the idea of a closed space ; such structure is classic similar to that of many Still Life paintings of the 17th century, usually depicting a table with objects (tables servies). Others present objects against a wall (bodegones). Subjects explored the original painting for 1 min and their eye movements were recorded ; then they responded to specific questions based on aesthetic analysis of the painting. The results of the questionnaire were : Only about half of the subjects perceived the vertical plane, but art experts evoked overall sensation of closed space ; such sense was scarce in non-experts. It is suggested that eye movements from experts explored a larger surface of the painting, including the vertical cloture plane, lines, angles and other critical points of the spatial construction. Thus eye movements are more in line with the overall sensation evoked by the painting than with conscious perception of the two planes. More important, experts, reported vivid motion perception of the dog and circle at the centre of the painting ; such motion perception was scarce in non-experts. The data indicate that sensation and/ or perception of pictorial space and motion in experts is closer to the creative process or to the idea they have of this process. Most likely, aesthetic training renders the art expert a better analyzer of pictorial information, his (her) eye movements being guided readily by the visual cues and other technical devices used by the painter to create space and motion.
Immersion, représentation et coopération : discussion et perspectives empiriques pour l'ergonomie cognitive de la Réalité Virtuelle
Authors: Burkhardt Jean-Marie 
Published: November 2018

Immersion, representation and collaboration in Virtual Reality : discussion and empirical perspectives in cognitive ergonomics.
Studies in ergonomics of Virtual Reality were initially centred on the physical dimensions of user interaction and on some physiological aspects related to the exposure to Virtual Environments. The development of new generations of usable and useful Virtual Environments will be based on the actual needs and consequently implies to integrate the cognitive dimension of complex human activities associated with these technologies. After a brief presentation of cognitive ergonomics contributions to the design and the evaluation of Virtual Environments, this article relates the results of current research and discusses some empirical perspectives for three topics related to the users behaviours and interaction in Virtual-Environments : (a) the influence of immersion on the cognitive processes while achieving a task ; (b) the representations of users and of their behaviours (e. g. avatars) and the use of the same techniques to create anthropomorphic representations of software agents ; (c) the cooperative aspects of users activities within virtual environments.
Complexité cognitive appliquée à la modélisation de l’intérêt narratif
Authors: Dessalles Jean-Louis 
Published: November 2018

Cognitive Complexity as a Criterion for Modeling Narrative Interest.
Cognitive complexity is defined as a special case of Kolmogorov complexity. This notion is claimed to be essential for predicting which states of affairs appear interesting to a human mind, as evidenced by the selection of events that are spontaneously signaled or reported : interesting events correspond to a cognitive complexity drop. We consider the consequences of this model for the study of conversational relevance.
La religion, nature ou surnature ?
Authors: Dupuy Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2018

Religion : Naturalism or Supernaturalism ?
Three points are underlined in order to criticize the naïve point of view defended by cognitivists when they try to rationally explain the existence of what they consider as a system of irrational beliefs, i. e. religion in general and Christianity in particular : (i) Christianity unveils the hidden core of all the religions of humanity and the collective killing of an innocent victim makes it its central theme ; (ii) religion in general is an activity practiced by a group and not a system of beliefs spreading from one brain to another thanks to representations. It is precisely this mistake concerning the transcendant nature of all collective activities which leads cognitivists astray when they study religion ; (iii) religious ritual is an attempt to perform the violation of prohibitions in order to contain their anarchistic appearance in society. The article shows nevertheless that the contemporary generalisation of the notion of a victim in the name of which crimes become committed is perhaps the end of a certain vision of Christianity.
Émergence du Son, Son d’Emergence. Essai d’épistémologie expérimentale par un compositeur
Authors: Di Scipio Agostino 
Published: November 2018

Emergence of Sound, Sound of Emergence.
This paper is in three parts. The first one introduces the notion of "sonological emergence” in the framework of a systemic perspective, following a radical-constructivistic standpoint. The secondo describes the main points in a compositional project, Ecosistemico Udibile (Audible Ecosystemics), consisting in a network of element processes capable of generating/ transforming/ destroying sound, working under real-time constraints, coupled with the space surrounding. The third part, articulates the auto-écoorganisation in the sonic network described, and advances some more general considerations of systemic and epistemologic kind. The discussion bears on the selfproducing (conditions of existence) and self-differentiating (conditions of form) elements in the process by which sound is produced, yielding into a generalisation of the music-theory notion of “ timbre”. The discussion also bears on how the systemic conditions (internal and external contraints, resources available in the environment) are dealt with in the real-time performance, when sound is recognized not only a “ energy” dimension (phisical substratus) but also an “ information” dimension (sound as interface, as regulator of system resonances). The notion of emergent sound, as emergent musical “ form”, is finally re-articulated in connection to the environment (space as the “ médium” or mileu of acoustical existence).
Activité et performances acrobatiques de haut niveau
Authors: Hauw Denis 
Published: November 2018

Activity and Elite Acrobatic Performances.
This article describes cognitive analysis of elite acrobatic performances. Three paradigms are presented and illustrated by theoretical and methodological principles, results they provide and the practical implications for sport sciences. The analysis shows that the study of acrobatic performances has progressively used more complex models that take into considerations subject-environment interactions and consciousness in action. These evolving perspectives lead to modify conceptions of the expertise and training considerations in elite sport.
Le continu et les intuitions mathématiques. Problèmes liés à l'intuition mathématique dans la pensée de Gödel
Authors: Cassou Nogues Pierre 
Published: November 2018

The continuum and mathematical intuitions. Problems related to mathematical intuition in Godel's philosophy.
In 1938, Gödel announced his proof for the relative consistency of the continuum hypothesis with regards to the usual axioms of set theory. Until 1943, he devotes most of his research to an attempt to prove its independence. He will up to the end of his career continue to think, as a philosopher, about the problem of the continuum. We first distinguish different modes of intuition that appear in Gödel's writings in relation to the continuum. We then discuss the metaphysical problems that these intuitions raise. What is, for example, the role of time in mathematical intuition ? If there is an abstract intuition, does it use a specific organ ? If so, how should one conceive the influence of a mathematical object on a bodily organ ? If mathematics has a universal value and if it requires different kinds of intuition, should we attribute these intuitions to all beings, such as God, capable of mathematics ? Thus the analysis of Godel's remarks on mathematical intuition introduces us some of the questions of his metaphysics. We essentially rely on Gödel's archives at Princeton University Library.
Le continu dans la philosophie cognitive
Authors: Salanskis Jean Michel 
Published: November 2018

The continuum in Cognitive Philosophy.
The paper addresses the question of mathematical continuum in cognitive contemporary context in large. It first reviews the epistemological debate about continuous modeling and its ontological significance in cognitive science, comparing it with the same debate concerning physics. It then deals with the foundational problem pertaining to continuum inside mathematics. Coming back to cognitive issues, it accounts for some continuous approaches in cognitive matters : namely morphodynamic modeling as Petitot sustains it, Cadiot' s and Visetti' s theory of semantic forms, and continuous biophysics of the brain. Finally the paper considers naturalist apprehensions of mathematics, be it in a programmatic way or on the basis of empirical psychological investigation.
Toucher sans toucher ou les contacts fictifs du "corps symbolique de la cognition"
Authors: Lapaire Jean-Rémi 
Published: November 2018

Ghost touching. How the imaginary body of cognition makes invisible contact with people and things.
Language provides humans with an imaginary physiology of thought and social interaction which is reflected in a number of fixed form expressions. Scenes of perception, socio-physical contact and interpersonal manipulation are routinely evoked in which humans interact with other humans or objects. The interactions are set in fictive conceptual or social space. Thus language makes it possible for speakers-cognizers to touch or make (physical, mental, social) contact with people and things (real or imaginary, concrete or abstract). A corpus study of the socio-physical uses of touch in English, and its derived adjectival or participial forms, reveals the extent to which primary sensory-motor scenes have been recruited to code other scenes in the pragmatic and epistemic domains. Language plays a crucial role in this socio-cognitive process since it is the symbolic apparatus of language that shapes and controls the idealized (or imaginary) body of cognition (IBC) -the invisible body involved in a repertoire of ghost perceptions and motions (like sensing, seeing, grasping, going, moving, shifting, etc.). Fictive acts of touching are part of this repertoire. Here as elsewhere, the imaginary sensory-motor activity of the IBC follows the strict stage-directions layed out by language. The moves and attitudes typically involve the hands, fingers, eyes and feet. After a detailed examination of lexical expressions coding socio-physical contact, the discussion shifts to grammatical manifestations of this cognitive mechanism with special attention devoted to the performative contact principle, as revealed by the syntax of pidgin or child language (e. g. Me do it !). The article closes with a demonstration of how scenes of manipulation and touching can be acted out to make sense of language structure and functioning.
Y a-t-il un « mentalisme » cartésien ?
Authors: Gillot Pascale 
Published: November 2018

Does Cartesian «Mentalism » Exist ?
This article aims at questioning the topic of the so-called “ mentalism” and “ internalism” which are currently attributed to Descartes, especially by some major authors in the contemporary philosophy of mind (for instance Daniel Dennett, Hilary Putnam and John Searle). The goal is to identify what could, in Descartes'' original philosophy and original texts, particularly in the Dioptrics and in the Meditations on First Philosophy, resist such an interpretation ; an interpretation which qualifies Cartesianism, and Cartesian epistemology, through the notions of “ central theatre” and “ representative theory of perception. Against this traditional reading, we develop two main claims. First, the disjunction at work in Descartes'' philosophy between the category of representation and the category of resemblance ; such a disjunction is related to the identification of ideas with the “ conceptions of thought”. Second, the irreducibility of the Cartesian theory of ideas as regards the theory of “ sense data”, whose origin may be more easily located within Lockean empiricism. Finally, we examine the heterodoxy of Descartes'' so-called mentalism in relationship with his original, non psychological, conception of the Thinking Subject (“ Ego sum, ego existo”) : a Thinking Subject which may be understandable otherwise than through the frame of a “ philosophy of “ consciousness”.
Le lieu du raisonnement pratique : « au milieu des choses »
Authors: Quéré Louis 
Published: November 2018

Practical Reasoning as Occurring in the Midst of Doing Things.
The paper starts from a pragmatist critique of the standard formalization of practical reasoning by practical syllogism. Then it identifies a weakness in such a critique : practical deliberation can take on other forms than controlled inquiry, in which the fixation of ends is correlated with the determination of means. Dewey’s alternative, habit/ inquiry, is still too rough ; it doesn’t take into account modes of exploration which don’t follow the pattern of inquiry, as it can be reconstructed through a theoretical representation of the scientific method. Many approaches in human and social sciences have tried to grasp those other forms of inquiry, as they are enacted in the situated organization of rational courses of action. The kind of ethnography of reasoning attempted by ethnomethodology is doubly relevant here : it shows how practical deliberation is part of the accomplishment of situated activities ; it puts reasoning in the middle of doing things, and shows how it is specific to each activity type and to its methods. The result is a change in the focus of attention : practical deliberation is no longer seen as a calculus of the action to be done, but as an ongoing process consisting in progressive discovering, elaborating and modifying, through transactions with materials, events and practical circumstances, the appropriate ways of doing specific tasks.
L'esprit dans la danse. Techniques du corps et chorégraphie des concepts mentaux
Authors: Olszewska Barbara 
Published: November 2018

Dans une perspective éthnométhodologique qui s’attache à l’étude de l’action et du raisonnement ordinaire et à partir de la réflexion wittgensteinienne à propos des usages des concepts psychologiques, le présent article appréhende la dimension symbolique et projective des usages des concepts mentaux dans le champ de la danse. Je me propose d’examiner des séances de la préparation de la pièce de danse contemporaine intitulée Contraindre de la chorégraphe et danseuse Myriam Gourfink. Cette pièce met en effet au centre les situations d’usage des signes chakras
relatifs à la sphère mentale, utilisés dans la partition écrite. Je m''attacherai en particulier à montrer deux principaux usages que le concept d’esprit trouve dans cette pièce : il sert de métaphore pour élaborer une image poétique de la chorégraphie d''une part, et de guide pour la coordination des états physiologiques (mouvements, respiration) et mentaux (contrôle de la pensée et d’attention sur différentes parties de la tête) de l'autre. L’analyse de la réappropriation de ces signes par les danseuses (leur lecture, analyse, recherche de signification), fournit ici l’occasion de questionner l’analogie établie par la chorégraphe entre deux catégories de signes, physiques et mentaux. J’explorerai en particulier les difficultés que ce recouvrement d’une catégorie par l’autre implique pour les danseuses et j''interrogerai le statut des expressions corporelles permettant de rendre visibles des états de mentaux.
Analyse du comportement : enjeux théoriques et perspectives épistémologiques
Authors: Massin Julie 
Published: November 2018

Behavior analysis : theoretical issues and epistemological perspectives.
This article is an overview of theoretical research about a contemporary area in psychology, known under the name of “ behavior analysis”. This area is at the root of some applications in several sectors of social life (education, health, work, etc.), which currently have a large audience. Yet, the theoretical side of this approach has been thoroughly questioned for many years. Indeed, researchers in the field have agreed to describe a difficulty to deal with some human activities, such as language. In this framework and because of the enduring character of that difficulty, this work proposes to consider this observation expanding the scope of the analysis. The question asked here is to know whether the persisting lack of consensus regarding language in behavior analysis can be related to the axioms conditioning conceptualizations in this area. In this view, this work first reminds the main epistemological considerations which gave birth to this mindset, then synthesizes qualitatively the associated theoretical evolutions before proposing, in a third and last stage, an epistemological point of view in light of the Kuhn’s thesis (1962) about the evolution of sciences and of the Popper’s notion of falsifiability (1934). This article concludes with a perspective about the relevance of a-ontological and pragmatic evolution of research.
Cognition humaine individuelle et collective : le cas de la crise écologique
Authors: Stewart John Robert , Havelange Véronique 
Published: November 2018

Les sciences cognitives se sont souvent penchées sur des situations où l’intelligence collective d’une population est supérieure à celle des individus qui la composent, par exemple l’ «intelligence d’essaim » des colonies d’insectes. Le but de cet article est d’examiner la situation inverse, où l’intelligence collective pourrait être
moindre que l’intelligence des individus. C’est dans cette perspective que nous nous proposons d’étudier le cas de la crise écologique. Pourquoi les êtres humains contemporains ont-ils apparemment tant de mal à prendre les mesures nécessaires pour éviter la possible extinction de leur propre espèce ? Pour esquisser une réponse à cette question, nous évoquons d’une part la psychologie des foules ; d’autre part, le fait que le principal système contemporain de synthèse sociale, à savoir le capitalisme, est incompatible avec une croissance zéro. Néanmoins, la crise écologique n’est pas une fatalité ; ce texte n’est rien d’autre qu’une tentative, aussi minime soit-elle, d’augmenter un tant soit peu notre intelligence collective des conditions de la survie de notre espèce.