bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedation for awake tracheal intubation: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: El‐Boghdadly Kariem , Desai Neel , Jones Jordan B. , Elghazali Sally , Ahmad Imran , Sneyd J. Robert 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBackgroundDifferent sedation regimens have been used to facilitate awake tracheal intubation, but the evidence has not been synthesised robustly, particularly with respect to clinically important outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and network meta‐analysis to determine the sedation techniques most likely to be associated with successful tracheal intubation, a shorter time to successful intubation and a lower risk of arterial oxygen desaturation.MethodsWe searched for randomised controlled trials of patients undergoing awake tracheal intubation for any indication and reporting: overall tracheal intubation success rate; tracheal intubation time; incidence of arterial oxygen desaturation; and other related outcomes. We performed a frequentist network meta‐analysis for these outcomes if two or more sedation regimens were compared between included trials. We also performed a sensitivity analysis excluding trials with a high risk of bias.ResultsIn total, 48 studies with 2837 patients comparing 33 different regimens were included. Comparing overall awake tracheal intubation success rates (38 studies, 2139 patients), there was no evidence suggesting that any individual sedation regimen was superior. Comparing times to successful tracheal intubation (1745 patients, 24 studies), any sedation strategy was superior to placebo. When we excluded trials with a high risk of bias, we found no evidence of a difference between any interventions for time to successful tracheal intubation. Thirty‐one studies (1753 patients) suggested that dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate were associated with a reduced risk of arterial oxygen desaturation compared with other interventions, but excluding trials with a high risk of bias suggested no relevant differences between interventions. The quality of evidence for each of our outcomes was low.ConclusionsTo maximise effective and safe awake tracheal intubation, optimising oxygenation, topical airway anaesthesia and procedural performance may have more impact than any given sedation regimen.
Imatinib is effective in some PDGFRA/B‐negative hypereosinophilic syndromes: A step closer to unveiling underlying mechanisms
Authors: Loscocco Giuseppe G. , Helbig Grzegorz 
Published: October 2024

Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) comprise different clonal, reactive, or idiopathic disorders characterized by elevated eosinophil levels and subsequent organ damage. Kim et al. in a multicentre, single‐arm, prospective phase II study, treated 32 patients with PDGFRA/B‐negative HES with imatinib at the dose of 100–400 mg daily. Respective overall and complete haematological response rates were 46.9% and 18.8%, and the median time to response was 1.5 months. The molecular basis of responses was identified by using whole‐exome and whole‐transcriptome sequencing in 11 patients. STAT5B::RARA, PAK2::PIGX, and FIP1L1::CHIC2 fusions were identified in responders, whereas RNF130::BRAF and WNK1::KDM5A were identified in non‐responders. Imatinib could be a therapeutic option for some, possibly clonal, PDGFRA/B‐negative HES.Commentary on: Kim et al. Phase II trial of imatinib mesylate in patients with PDGFRA/B‐negative hypereosinophilic syndrome. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:2305‐2314.
The usefulness of indium‐111 platelet scintigraphy beyond predicting efficacy of splenectomy
Authors: Butta Nora , Román María Teresa Álvarez 
Published: October 2024

There are no clear indicators to predict the outcome of patients with immune thrombocytopenia or the response to drugs. The work of Durand et al. shows that Indium‐111 platelet scintigraphy is useful in identifying those patients who will benefit from splenectomy and lays the groundwork for studies demonstrating the increased corticosteroid dependency and rituximab refractoriness of the hepatic platelet sequestration group.Commentary on: Durand et al. Course of immune thrombocytopenia according to the site of platelet destruction identified by indium‐111 platelet scintigraphy. Br J Haematol 2025; 206:279‐289.
Dihydro‐resveratrol ameliorates NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated neuroinflammation via Bnip3‐dependent mitophagy in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tao Guorong , Wang Xuebao , Wang Jian , Ye Yiru , Zhang Minxue , Lang Yan , Ding Saidan 
Published: October 2024

Background and PurposeDihydro‐resveratrol (DHR), a polyphenol derivative, that has been demonstrated to suppress inflammation‐mediated injury. However, it is still unknown whether it has anti‐neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects, and a therapeutic action in Alzheimer's disease (AD).Experimental approachThe anti‐inflammatory and anti‐Alzheimer's disease actions of dihydro‐resveratrol were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and AD mice models, and primary microglial cells. The changes in behaviour in mice were detected by the Morris water maze test and open‐field test. Flow cytometry assay, western blotting, immunofluorescence assays and co‐immunoprecipitation were used to investigate the changes in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitophagy.Key ResultsIn this study, in vivo observations indicated that the administration of dihydro‐resveratrol (DHR) dramatically restored spatial learning, memory ability, autophagy and mitophagy, attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, neuroinflammation and amyloid precursor protein pathology in LPS mice and AD mice. In addition, the inhibition of autophagy and mitophagy, or the activation of NLRP3 in vivo greatly abolished DHR‐generated therapeutic efficacy on neuroinflammation, amyloid precursor protein pathology and cognitive loss. Further examination indicated that the application of DHR after the LPS and ATP exposure significantly inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, neuroinflammation and enhanced autophagic and mitophagic activation in microglia. Additionally, in vitro results show that DHR protects microglial cells against LPS and ATP‐induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome through activating Bnip3‐dependent mitophagy and ULK phosphorylation.Conclusions and ImplicationsIn summary, these findings suggest that dihydro‐resveratrol (DHR) possesses potent anti‐neuroinflammatory property and can act as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
Rule of law, economic structure and development
Authors: Samaniego Roberto M. , Sun Juliana Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIf rule of law encourages relationship‐specific investments, then industries that use intermediates which require relationship‐specific investments should have a disproportionately low share of output or labour in countries where rule of law is weak. We find robust support for this prediction using data on industry composition for 189 countries. Using a standard preference framework to construct model‐implied income values from the estimated coefficients, we find that the interaction between relationship specificity and rule of law may be an economically significant determinant of aggregate outcomes through its influence on productivity and economic structure.
“Oh, the places you'll go”: The psychological consequences of omission and misrepresentation for Native children
Authors: Fryberg Stephanie A. , Eason Arianne E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAll children navigate the world by searching for information in their sociocultural contexts (e.g., schools, media, laws) to make sense of their experiences and potential futures. In doing so, Native children, however, must contend with the legacy and ongoing oppression of their Peoples, communities, and ways of being. In this manuscript, we highlight how sociocultural contexts stemming from settler colonialism undermine Native futures. We detail how settler colonialism, specifically its manifestation in acts of omission and misrepresentation, impacts children's self and identity development, and intergroup relations. We close by acknowledging the importance of understanding development in context, and the power that the representational landscape can have for promoting paths toward positive child development and greater equity.
Visit‐to‐visit HbA1c variability and risk of potentially avoidable hospitalisations in adults with type 2 diabetes receiving outpatient care at a tertiary hospital
Authors: Htun Htet Lin , Lian Weixiang , Phua Hwee Pin , Lim Moses Yidong , Chew Daniel Ek Kwang , Quek Timothy Peng Lim , Lim Wei‐Yen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aims to investigate the relationship between long‐term visit‐to‐visit within‐person HbA1c variability and hospitalisation outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsWe conducted a cohort study at a tertiary hospital in Singapore involving people aged 21 to 101 years with T2D who had ≥3 HbA1c tests over 2 years. HbA1c variability was assessed using coefficient of variation (CV), variability independent of the mean (VIM) and HbA1c variability score (HVS). A 1‐year follow‐up was performed after the last HbA1c measurement to identify all‐cause and potentially avoidable hospitalisations (PAH), categorised as overall, acute, chronic and diabetes composites.ResultsThe study included 14 923 patients (mean age: 62.9 ± 12.9 years; 55% male). The median HbA1c variability was 8.6% CV (IQR: 5.1–14.3). Higher quartiles of HbA1c variability were associated with greater risks of PAH and all‐cause hospitalisations, independent of glycaemic control. Compared to Q1, for example, the risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals for diabetes‐related PAH based on HbA1c CV were as follows: Q2, 1.32 (0.93–1.88); Q3, 1.65 (1.18–2.31) and Q4, 2.16 (1.54–3.03). For all‐cause hospitalisations, they were as follows: Q2, 0.97 (0.90–1.05); Q3, 1.08 (1.00–1.17) and Q4, 1.16 (1.07–1.26). When stratified by glycaemic control, elevated risk of PAH persisted even in those with optimal glycaemic control. Consistent findings were observed using HbA1c VIM and HVS measures.ConclusionsIn individuals receiving care at specialist outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital, HbA1c variability is associated with a higher risk of PAH. Comprehensive diabetes management strategies addressing both glycaemic control and variability may offer benefits.
A Mediterranean dietary pattern intervention does not improve cardiometabolic risk but does improve quality of life and body composition in an Aotearoa New Zealand population at increased cardiometabolic risk: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Krebs Jeremy D. , Parry‐Strong Amber , Braakhuis Andrea , Worthington Anna , Merry Troy L. , Gearry Richard B. , Foster Meika , Weatherall Mark , Davies Cheryl , Mullaney Jane , Ross Cecilia , Conroy Denise , Rolleston Anna , Lithander Fiona E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsTo test if a New Zealand food–based Mediterranean diet (NZMedDiet) with behavioural intervention improves cardiometabolic health and wellbeing.MethodsA randomised controlled trial comparing 12 weeks of the NZMedDiet to usual diet in participants with increased cardiometabolic risk (metabolic syndrome severity score [MetSSS] > 0.35). The intervention group was provided with food and recipes to meet 75% of their energy requirements, supported by a behavioural intervention to improve adherence. The primary outcome measure was (MetSSS) after 12 weeks.ResultsTwo hundred individuals with mean (SD) age 49.9 (10.9) years of which 62% women were enrolled with their household/whānau. After 12 weeks, the mean (SD) MetSSS was 1.0 (0.7) in the control (n = 98) and 0.8 (0.5) in the intervention (n = 102) group; estimated difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) of −0.05 (−0.16 to 0.06), p = 0.35. The Mediterranean diet score (PyrMDS) was greater in the intervention group 1.6 (1.1–2.1), p < 0.001, consistent with a change to a more Mediterranean dietary pattern. Weight reduced in the NZMedDiet group compared with control (−1.9 kg [−2.0 to −0.34]), p = 0.006 and wellbeing, assessed by the SF‐36 quality of life questionnaire, and improved across all domains. For example, the physical component summary score difference (95% CI) was 4.0 (2.4–5.7), p < 0.001, and the mental component summary score difference was 3.0 (0.7–5.2), p = 0.01.ConclusionIn participants with increased cardiometabolic risk, food provision with a Mediterranean dietary pattern and a behavioural intervention did not improve metabolic risk scores but was associated with reduced weight and improved quality of life.
Real‐World Evidence of Crizanlizumab Showing Reductions in Vaso‐Occlusive Crises and Opioid Usage in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: DeBonnett Laurie , Joshi Vikas , Silva‐Pinto Ana Cristina , Colombatti Raffaella , Pasanisi Annamaria , Arcioni Francesco , Cançado Rodolfo D. , Sarp Séverine , Sarkar Rajendra , Soliman Wesam 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAccess to crizanlizumab, a disease‐modifying therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD), was provided through a managed access program (MAP, NCT03720626). The present analysis evaluated the impact of 12 months of crizanlizumab treatment on vaso‐occlusive crises (VOCs), and on the use of opioids for VOC‐related pain relief, in patients with SCD from the MAP.MethodsFrom June 2018 to January 2023, 112 patients with a history of recurrent VOCs completed 12 months of crizanlizumab (5 mg/kg) treatment and were monitored for adverse events (AEs).ResultsCrizanlizumab led to reductions of 18.0% and 36.2% in the proportions of patients having ≥ 1 home‐ and ≥ 1 healthcare‐managed VOCs. Median absolute changes (interquartile range) from baseline in the rates of home‐ and healthcare‐managed VOCs were −3.0 (−6.0, −1.0) and −2.0 (−4.0, 0), respectively. Data stratified by genotype and prior hydroxyurea use showed similar reductions in VOC rates. A 35.5% reduction in the proportion of patients requiring opioids was noted. AEs were consistent with earlier reports, and no new safety concerns were identified.ConclusionsCrizanlizumab demonstrated potential benefits in attenuating VOC episodes, irrespective of SCD genotype and prior hydroxyurea use, and in lowering opioid usage. The safety of crizanlizumab was consistent with earlier reports.
Trial Registration: The MAP has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the ID, NCT03720626
Deep brain stimulation for severe dystonia associated with Wilson disease: A prospective multicenter meta‐analysis of an N‐of‐1 trial
Authors: Laurencin Chloé , Poujois Aurelia , Bonjour Maxime , Demily Caroline , Klinger Hélène , Roze Emmanuel , Leclert Victoire , Danaila Teodor , Langlois‐Jacques Carole , Couchonnal Eduardo , Woimant France , Obadia Mickael Alexandre , Perez Gwennaelle , Pernon Michaela , Blanchet Laurianne , Broussolle Emmanuel , Vidailhet Marie , Kassai Behrouz , Moro Elena , Karachi Carine , Polo Gustavo , Grabli David , Portefaix Aurélie , Thobois Stéphane 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeDisabling dystonia despite optimal medical treatment is common in Wilson disease (WD). No controlled study has evaluated the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on dystonia related to WD. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of DBS on dystonia related to WD.MethodsA meta‐analysis of an N‐of‐1 prospective, randomized, double‐blind, multicenter DBS study was conducted at two French WD reference centers. Main inclusion criteria were patients with WD, stabilized for at least 6 months with significant disability due to dystonia despite optimized medical treatment. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) was targeted for bradykinetic patients with tonic dystonia, and the internal globus pallidus (GPi) was chosen for patients with hyperkinetic dystonia. Each patient underwent two periods of DBS “on” and two periods of DBS “off,” each lasting 4 months. The order of stimulation conditions was randomized. The primary outcome was the change in the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure Performance (COPM‐P) and Satisfaction scores after each 4‐month period. Secondary outcomes were changes in the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) severity and disability scores and Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale (UWDRS) scores.ResultsBetween 12 May 2016 and 7 October 2022, three patients were included. Two patients received bilateral GPi DBS, and one received bilateral STN DBS. There was no change of COPM‐P (p = 0.956), BFMDRS, and UWDRS scores. No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsSTN or GPi DBS are ineffective on dystonia related to WD.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis established as a multistep process across phenotypes
Authors: Ziser Laura , van Eijk Ruben P. A. , Kiernan Matthew C. , McRae Allan , Henderson Robert D. , Schultz David , Needham Merrilee , Mathers Susan , McCombe Pam , Talman Paul , Vucic Steve 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeGiven the accepted multistep process of disease causation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the present study was undertaken to determine the number of steps required for disease onset across each of the ALS phenotypes.MethodsClinical and demographic data were prospectively accumulated using the Australian Motor Neurone Disease Registry (2005–2016), and age‐specific incidence rates were calculated. Poisson regression was utilized to assess the relationship between log age‐specific incidence and log age of onset, with McFadden's R2 used to assess the goodness of fit of the model.ResultsIn total, 2647 ALS patients were included, with mean disease‐onset age being 62.2 ± 12.1 years. A linear relationship between log incidence and log age was established across ALS phenotypes, with variable slope estimates: bulbar 5.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.6–5.6); cervical 2.7 (95% CI 2.3–3.0); lumbar 3.5 (95% CI 3.2–3.9); flail arm 4.7 (95% CI 3.9–5.5); flail leg 3.6 (95% CI 2.6–4.5); primary lateral sclerosis 2.7 (95% CI 1.8–3.7). Slope estimates were significantly higher in the bulbar compared to the cervical, lumbar and primary lateral sclerosis phenotypes. McFadden's R2 values were >0.4 for all phenotypes indicating excellent model fit.DiscussionA multistep process has been established across all ALS phenotypes with variable slope estimates, suggesting that the number of steps to develop disease is different across clinical presentations. Identification of mechanisms underlying slope estimate variability could exert pathophysiological significance.
Karyotype diversity of Polybia (gr. occidentalis) species complex (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): Taxonomic and evolutionary implications
Authors: Marchioro Priscila , Cunha Marina Souza , Campos Lucio Antônio Oliveira , Lopes Denilce Meneses 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolybia is a common wasp genus found in most of South America. Polybia (gr. occidentalis) encompasses several species that are difficult to identify because of their similar morphologies. Our goal was to cytogenetically characterize three species belonging to Polybia (gr. occidentalis) and discuss the importance of cytogenetic data for integrative taxonomy. Polybia colonies were sampled from different regions of Brazil to perform classical and molecular cytogenetic analyses. Polybia paulista and Polybia sp. 1 showed 2n = 34 and 18S rDNA loci on two chromosomes, whereas Polybia sp. 2 showed 2n = 40 and 18S rDNA clusters on four chromosomes. The microsatellites GA(15), GAG(10), CAA(10), TTAGG(6), and TCAGG(6) showed similar distributions among the species, forming blocks in the euchromatic regions of the chromosomes, whereas CGG(10) did not yield any positive markings. In contrast, TAT(10) hybridized on the centromeric heterochromatin, showing differences in the number of marked chromosomes among the species. Therefore, it may potentially be a species‐specific cytotaxonomic marker in this group of wasps, but this feature needs further investigation. Fluorochromes evidenced that AT‐rich DAPI+ sequence distribution was coincident with heterochromatin, while the distribution of CG‐rich CMA3+ sequences was coincident with the 18S rDNA region. The present study revealed differences in diploid number, heterochromatin content, 18S rDNA sites, and microsatellite patterns between morphologically similar species, demonstrating the usefulness of cytotaxonomy in studying species complexes.
Foresight in EU policy‐making: Purpose, mindsets and methods
Authors: Van Woensel Lieve 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article examines the foundational principles and methodologies of foresight and their integration into EU policy‐making. It explores how foresight can improve policy analysis to create future‐ready, resilient decisions amid uncertainties. By synthesising empirical evidence and interpreting multifaceted issues through an interdisciplinary lens, foresight provides EU policymakers with tools to make informed decisions that remain adaptable in the face of unpredictability. The author argues that foresight, through comprehensive analysis of trends, uncertainties and potential challenges, can guide policymakers in forming future‐focused strategies. Key foresight methods emphasised include horizon scanning, systems analysis, stakeholder engagement and scenario planning. The article advocates a holistic policy approach, urging analysts to acknowledge biases and assumptions while integrating diverse perspectives. Concluding with a framework for responsible policy‐making, the article argues that foresight can shape evidence‐based, inclusive and transparent strategies, ensuring that the EU will be prepared for unpredictable futures.
The ESPAS network and the growth of EU foresight
Authors: Noonan Eamonn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article examines the European Strategy and Policy Analysis System (ESPAS) network and assesses its impact on efforts to embed strategic foresight in EU policy‐making. It analyses the development of the network through three stages: preparatory steps to 2014, quasi‐institutionalisation from 2015 and high‐level anchoring from 2019. Throughout, the view that a new approach to strategic analysis was needed met concerns about preserving institutional prerogatives and competences. The article suggests that this tension mitigated the network's impact, which has been more significant on matters of process than of substance. Achievements include the creation of foresight capacity and of dialogue across institutional and sectoral boundaries and greater appreciation of the interdependence of global challenges across different domains. Progress towards deeper engagement with worst‐case scenarios and with the challenge of societal fragmentation has been more limited.
Hungary's attacks on human dignity: Article 2 TEU and the foundations of democracy in the European Union
Authors: Dupré Catherine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile in Poland the October 2023 elections led to a government halting the rule of law crisis, in Hungary the political situation continues to deteriorate. Focusing on European Parliament resolutions, this article analyses Hungarian developments from the prism of human dignity, the EU's first foundational value under Article 2 TEU. First the article discusses the key features of human dignity with reference to the original commitment to human dignity under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and to the EU Charter. Secondly, it uses these key features as an analytical grid for evidencing the construction of a counter‐model of human beings made to live in a society of inequality and exclusion. Finally, this paper outlines five reasons why human dignity as the first Article 2 value is breached by the Hungarian regime and why the EU Commission's decision not to trigger Article 7(2) is so problematic.