bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of fruit and mint flavored Rogue® oral nicotine product use on smoking reduction and quitting in a 6-Month prospective cohort of adults who smoke cigarettes
Authors: McDowell Elliott H. , Kennedy Jason N. , Feehan Michael , Bell Stacey A. , Marking Sarah E. , Zdinak Jessica P. , Joyce Andrew R. , Humphreys Michelle 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Quitting cigarette smoking can substantially reduce or eliminate the risk of developing numerous chronic diseases. Use of flavored tobacco or nicotine products is commonly cited by adults who smoke cigarettes to be important in helping them reduce or quit smoking. The purpose of this analysis was to understand the association between the levels of use of flavored oral nicotine products and smoking reduction and quitting and how reduction or quitting may differ between predominant users of fruit/other versus mint flavored oral nicotine products after six months of use.

Methods
Participants were provided with their choice of a variety of forms and flavors of Rogue® nicotine products (Study Products) over a 6-month actual use period and completed online surveys assessing tobacco, nicotine and Study Product use at Baseline and Months 1, 2, 4, and 6 thereafter.

Results
Among the 1393 participants at Month 6, 41.4% and 52.5% used predominantly fruit/other or mint Study Product flavors, respectively. Compared to predominant mint users, predominant fruit/other users had greater cigarette reduction (mean reduction: 50.0% vs. 48.4%) and a higher proportion had quit smoking (proportion quit: 15.4% vs. 11.6%) at Month 6. Additionally, 38.8% of predominant fruit/other users and 39.3% of predominant mint users reduced their cigarette consumption by ≥ 50% from Baseline. Increased use of fruit/other flavors was independently associated with smoking reduction (8.6% greater reduction per 10 pieces/day; p < 0.001) and odds of quitting smoking (OR = 1.29 [95% CI: 1.04–1.59] per 10 pieces/day; p = 0.017). Increased use of mint flavors was independently associated with smoking reduction (7.5% greater reduction per 10 mint pieces/day; p < 0.001) but not with odds of quitting smoking.

Conclusions
Increased use of either fruit/other or mint flavored Study Products at Month 6 was associated with significantly increased smoking reduction, whereas only increased use of fruit/other flavors was associated with greater odds of quitting smoking among participants in the study.

Trial Registration
This study was observational. Participants were not prospectively assigned to one or more health-related interventions and could choose to use or not use the commercially available study products provided during the study. Thus, the study was not registered in a trial database by the Sponsor.
Exploring the impact of 3,3’-diindolylmethane on the urinary estrogen profile of premenopausal women
Authors: Newman Mark , Smeaton Jaclyn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) is a phytonutrient derived from cruciferous vegetables that is an often-used supplement in the complementary and alternative medicine space. The most common goal for providers when recommending DIM to their patients is to alter estrogen metabolism, yet research into DIM’s effect on the estrogen profile is lacking in the published literature. The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate DIM’s effect on the urinary estrogen profile.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from a clinical laboratory, including urinary estrogen and estrogen metabolite concentrations. Analyte concentrations were determined from dried urine samples using a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. Individuals were separated into two groups, either reporting taking DIM (N = 909) or reporting not taking DIM (N = 18,385). Comparisons between individuals in these two groups were made using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Additionally, we were also able to explore a subset of women who had laboratory results in the database before and after initiating DIM treatment (N = 53). In this subset, differences were assessed with Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

Results
In the larger group that was separated into women reporting either DIM use or no use, significant differences were observed in the concentrations of almost every urinary estrogen and estrogen metabolite (with the only exception being 2-methoxyestrone) in the urinary estrogen profiles of those taking DIM compared to those not taking DIM (all P values < 0.001). In the smaller subset of individuals with results before and after initiating DIM use, differences were only seen in 4 of the urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites (P < 0.001 for estrone, estradiol, estriol, and 16-hydroxyestrone). Differences in total estrogens were significant in both the larger group and the smaller subset (both with P < 0.001). Additionally, observed differences in the ratios of metabolites followed a similar trend with more significant differences observed in the larger group. Notably, the 2-hydroxyestrone:16-hydroxyestrone ratio increased significantly in both the larger group and the smaller subset with results before and after DIM use.

Conclusions
The results of this study provide the most comprehensive evaluation to date of DIM’s effect on the urinary estrogen profile. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the dried urine collection and accompanying assay used capture changes that are similar in direction, but not necessarily magnitude, to previous reports in the literature. Considered together, these two things highlight the clinical validity and utility of this approach to the evaluation of DIM supplementation and suggest the need for additional studies using this approach to fully understand the potential clinical utility of DIM.
Quality-assured treatment in certified cancer center networks in upper Franconia, Germany: a population-centered retrospective cohort analysis based on data of the Bavarian cancer registry
Authors: Emmert Martin , Gorodiscan Ingrid , Thater Andrea , Buchner Doris , Kiani Alexander , Müller-Nordhorn Jacqueline , Rohrbacher Stefan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Cancer is the second most common cause of death in Germany, and treatment in certified cancer networks is recommended to ensure high-quality care. This study sought to (1) determine the percentage of all primary tumors that might potentially have been treated in certified cancer networks and (2) assess the development and current state of quality-assured cancer care for all cancer patients from a locally defined region in Upper Franconia, Germany.

Methods
This study was a population-centered retrospective cohort analysis based on data from the Bavarian Cancer Registry (2017–2023). First, we determined all potentially available cancer network certifications and calculated the percentage of cancer care that could potentially have been conducted in certified cancer networks. Second, we considered the certification status of the involved healthcare providers and analyzed whether or not cancer care was actually carried out in certified cancer networks.

Results
Overall, 90.1% (62,119/68,973) of all primary tumors, from a total of 63,372 patients, might potentially have been treated in certified cancer networks. The percentage of patients actually receiving care in certified cancer center networks was 40.7% for initial diagnosis, 59.0% for surgery, 53.2% for chemotherapy, and 50.7% for radiotherapy; the weighted mean was 50.3%. The results thus ranged between 46.9% (2023) and 52.8% (2022). The highest proportions of patients who received quality-assured treatment in certified cancer center networks were determined for breast cancer (79.5%), colon cancer (73.1%), and lymphoma (60.1%); in contrast, the lowest results were shown for lung cancer (2.7%), anal cancer (0.0%), and mesothelioma (0.0%). Female patients as well as younger patients were significantly more likely to receive care in certified care networks compared with their counterparts. In addition, we did not find a clear trend whether patients in different tumor stages were more or less likely to receive care in certified care networks.

Conclusions
We found meaningful differences in the proportion of patients who received quality-assured treatment in certified cancer center networks. Following this, patients should receive comprehensive information about receiving care in certified cancer center networks and consider longer travel distances, especially for those cancer types without locally available certified cancer networks.
Effectiveness of geriatric rehabilitation in inpatient and day hospital settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wong Eric K. C. , Hoang Peter M. , Kouri Andrew , Gill Sandeep , Huang Yu Qing , Lee Janice C. , Weiss Sophie M. , Daniel Raymond , McGowan Jessie , Amog Krystle , Sale Joanna E. M. , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Naimark David M. J. , Tricco Andrea C. , Straus Sharon E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Geriatric rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary intervention that promotes functional recovery in older adults. Our objective was to assess the efficacy of geriatric rehabilitation in inpatient and geriatric day hospital settings.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, PEDro and AgeLine from inception to September 30, 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including older adults (age ≥ 65 years) undergoing geriatric rehabilitation (inpatient or day hospital) with a usual care comparator group. Primary outcome measures included mortality, long-term care home (LTCH) admission, and functional status. Secondary outcomes included discharge/remaining at home, functional improvement, length of stay, cognition, mood, and quality of life. Records were screened, abstracted and assessed for risk of bias (Cochrane Risk of Bias [RoB] 2) by two reviewers independently. We conducted a random effects meta-analysis to summarize risk ratios (RR, dichotomous outcomes) and standardized mean differences (SMD, continuous outcomes).

Results
Of the 5304 records screened, 29 studies (7999 patients) met eligibility criteria. There were 23 RCTs of inpatient geriatric rehabilitation (6428 patients) and six of geriatric day hospital (1571 patients) reporting outcomes of mortality (26 studies), LTCH admission (22 studies), functional status (19 studies), length of stay (18 studies), cognition (5 studies), mood (5 studies) and quality of life (6 studies). The primary outcome of mortality at longest follow up was lower in the rehabilitation group (RR 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76 to 0.93, I2 = 0%). LTCH admission was lower in the rehabilitation group at longest follow up (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.98, I2 = 8%). Functional status was better in the rehabilitation group at longest follow up (SMD 0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.16, I2 = 24%). Cognition was improved in the rehabilitation group (mean difference of mini-mental status exam score 0.97, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.60, I2 = 0%). No difference was found for patient length of stay, mood, or quality of life.

Conclusions
Geriatric rehabilitation in inpatient and day hospital settings reduced mortality, LTCH admission, and functional impairment. Future studies should explore implementation of this intervention for older adults.

Review registration
PROSPERO: CRD42022345078.
Evaluating effects of meal delivery on the ability of homebound older adults to remain in the community via a pragmatic, two-arm, randomized comparative effectiveness trial: study protocol for the Deliver-EE trial
Authors: Thomas Kali S. , Bernard Kimberly P. , Clark Melissa , Dionne Laura , Fisher Alison , Gadbois Emily , Harrison Jill , Juckett Lisa , Locher Julie , Risica Patricia , Sequeira Tamara , Theilheimer Lucy , Gutman Roee 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
As food insecurity and healthcare costs are linked, healthcare entities (i.e., providers, healthcare systems, insurers) are increasingly interested in identifying and providing solutions to address food insecurity among their patients. Home-delivered meals are one long-standing solution to address food insecurity among homebound older adults. However, there is limited evidence about what mode of delivery is most effective in promoting community independence, reducing healthcare utilization, and improving quality of life as well as how these outcomes may vary as a function of people’s preferences for how meals are delivered to them.

Methods
With extensive stakeholder input, we designed and implemented a pragmatic randomized comparative effectiveness study in which we will enroll 2300 older adults on waiting lists at home-delivered meals programs across the country and randomize them to receive for 6 months, either (1) weekday lunchtime meals delivered by a local volunteer or driver who also provides socialization and wellness checks or (2) biweekly delivery of 10 frozen meals to participants’ homes. Participant data will be combined with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) data to calculate post-randomization institutional vs. community days. Baseline and 3-month surveys will evaluate secondary outcomes (e.g., food insecurity, loneliness, quality of life) and exploratory outcomes (e.g., nutritional risk). To examine heterogeneity of treatment effects, we will test for interactions between the two types of meal delivery and participants’ preferred mode of meal delivery as well as participants’ living arrangements.

Discussion
This research will be the first to prospectively evaluate the comparative effectiveness of the two predominant meal delivery options. The knowledge generated from this research will be of value to healthcare providers, health systems, payers, community-based organizations, older adults, and their families, because it will identify the mode of meal delivery that best meets homebound older adults’ needs and promotes community independence. In addition, the experience of working closely with stakeholders in designing and conducting this trial will be useful to researchers seeking to engage with stakeholders in the development and evaluation of complex social service interventions while balancing regulatory, resource, and human subjects research considerations.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT05357261. Registered on May 02, 2022
Optimal battery management in PV + WT micro-grid using MSMA on fuzzy-PID controller: a real-time study
Authors: Behera Sadasiva , Dev Choudhury Nalin B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn modern energy systems, managing energy within a microgrid (MG) poses significant challenges due to the unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources. This article introduces a novel approach for optimal battery management in a photovoltaic–wind microgrid using a Modified Slime Mould Algorithm (MSMA) combined with a fuzzy-PID controller. The microgrid comprises a wind turbine (WT) generator, solar photovoltaic (PV) generator, and a battery energy storage system (BESS). The BESS plays a crucial role in meeting high power demand during outages, while the fuzzy-PID controller ensures accurate prediction of the battery’s state of charge (SOC). The proposed method’s performance is evaluated by comparing the MSMA-based fuzzy-PID controller with a PSO-based fuzzy-PID controller to establish its effectiveness. The optimal energy management of the BESS in the microgrid is achieved by fine-tuning the fuzzy-PID controller using the MSMA algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the battery management system (BMS) effectively optimizes charging and discharging based on renewable energy availability and load demand. The fuzzy-PID controller adjusts battery operation by minimizing the error between the desired and actual battery voltage. Performance validation has been conducted in RTS-lab using five distinct load scenarios—45 kW, 35 kW, 75 kW, 4.5 kW, and 12.5 kW, which confirming the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for energy management.
Insights into geometric deviations of medical 3d-printing: a phantom study utilizing error propagation analysis
Authors: Juergensen Lukas , Rischen Robert , Hasselmann Julian , Toennemann Max , Pollmanns Arne , Gosheger Georg , Schulze Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The use of 3D-printing in medicine requires a context-specific quality assurance program to ensure patient safety. The process of medical 3D-printing involves several steps, each of which might be prone to its own set of errors. The segmentation error (SegE), the digital editing error (DEE) and the printing error (PrE) are the most important partial errors. Approaches to evaluate these have not yet been implemented in a joint concept. Consequently, information on the stability of the overall process is often lacking and possible process optimizations are difficult to implement. In this study, SegE, DEE, and PrE are evaluated individually, and error propagation is used to examine the cumulative effect of the partial errors.

Methods
The partial errors were analyzed employing surface deviation analyses. The effects of slice thickness, kernel, threshold, software and printers were investigated. The total error was calculated as the sum of SegE, DEE and PrE.

Results
The higher the threshold value was chosen, the smaller were the segmentation results. The deviation values varied more when the CT slices were thicker and when the threshold was more distant from a value of around -400 HU. Bone kernel-based segmentations were prone to artifact formation. The relative reduction in STL file size [as a proy for model complexity] was greater for higher levels of smoothing and thinner slice thickness of the DICOM datasets. The slice thickness had a minor effect on the surface deviation caused by smoothing, but it was affected by the level of smoothing. The PrE was mainly influenced by the adhesion of the printed part to the build plate. Based on the experiments, the total error was calculated for an optimal and a worst-case parameter configuration. Deviations of 0.0093 mm ± 0.2265 mm and 0.3494 mm ± 0.8001 mm were calculated for the total error.

Conclusions
Various parameters affecting geometric deviations in medical 3D-printing were analyzed. Especially, soft reconstruction kernels seem to be advantageous for segmentation. The concept of error propagation can contribute to a better understanding of the process specific errors and enable future analytical approaches to calculate the total error based on process parameters.
Scaling laws of urban heavy truck mobility
Authors: Pang Xiao-Zhe , Lin Xu-Jie , Yang Yitao , Liu Erjian , Jia Xiang-Yu , Lv Ying-Yue , Guo Zile , Wang Yang , Yan Xiao-Yong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Heavy truck mobility is crucial in serving urban freight supply and demand, but it can also lead to traffic accidents, high energy consumption and pollutant emissions. Exploring the statistical characteristics of heavy truck mobility is highly important for efficiently managing cities and enhancing sustainable urban development. In this paper, we review some scaling laws of urban heavy truck mobility, including the allometry of urban heavy truck mobility and some scaling laws observed in collective mobility networks and individual mobility trajectories of urban heavy trucks. We also introduce models that explain the underlying mechanisms of these scaling laws. We further provide an outlook for future research on urban heavy truck mobility.
Escaping Impossibility
Authors: Young Thelathia “Nikki” 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article forwards the idea that to be human is to be free and possible, without limiting predetermination or signification. Such a claim is ontological, establishing freedom as both a divine enterprise and an ethical aim for humanity, and recognizable in God, our neighbors, and ourselves. This article also asserts that colonization—particularly the colonial gaze—along with economies of slavery pervert the recognition of ontological freedom and establish an epistemic frame of Blackness that renders Black lives and being unlivable, impossible. However, Black queer ethics—in its construction and use of virtues, values, and practices from Black queer folks—reframes freedom by turning back to the fundamental idea of what it means to be. This article ultimately suggests that Black queer ethics makes use of the processes of creative resistance, fugitivity, and un/making to reestablish freedom for human beings who have been especially unrecognized as livable and oppressed through signification.
The sclerotome is the source of the dorsal and anal fin skeleton and its expansion is required for median fin development
Authors: Bailon-Zambrano Raisa , Keating Margaret K. , Sales Emily C. , Nichols Abigail R. , Gustafson Grace E. , Hopkins Colette A. , Kocha Katrinka M. , Huang Peng , Barske Lindsey , Nichols James T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Paired locomotion appendages are hypothesized to have redeployed the developmental program of median appendages, such as the dorsal and anal fins. Compared with paired fins, and limbs, median appendages remain surprisingly understudied. Here, we report that a dominant zebrafish mutant, smoothback (smb), fails to develop a dorsal fin. Moreover, the anal fin is reduced along the antero-posterior axis, and spine defects develop. Mechanistically, the smb mutation is caused by an insertion of a sox10:Gal4VP16 transgenic construct into a non-coding region. The first step in fin, and limb, induction is aggregation of undifferentiated mesenchyme at the appendage development site. In smb, this dorsal fin mesenchyme is absent. Lineage tracing demonstrates the previously unknown developmental origin of the mesenchyme, the sclerotome, which also gives rise to the spine. Strikingly, we find that there is significantly less sclerotome in smb than in wild type. Our results give insight into the origin and modularity of understudied median fins, which have changed position, number, size, and even disappeared, across evolutionary time.
Short-range Fgf signalling patterns hindbrain progenitors to induce the neurogenesis-to-oligodendrogenesis switch
Authors: Yeung Tim J. , Wilkinson David G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
In the vertebrate nervous system, neurogenesis generally precedes gliogenesis. The mechanisms driving the switch in cell type production and generation of the correct proportion of cell types remain unclear. Here, we show that Fgf20 signalling patterns progenitors to induce the switch from neurogenesis to oligodendrogenesis in the zebrafish hindbrain. Fgf20 emanating from earlier-born neurons signals at a short range to downregulate proneural gene expression in the segment centre with high spatial precision along both anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes. This signal induces oligodendrocytes in the segment centre by upregulating olig2 and sox10 expression in pre-patterned competent progenitors. We show that the magnitude of proneural gene downregulation and the quantity of oligodendrocyte precursor cells specified is dependent on the extent of Fgf20 signalling. Overexpression of fgf20a induces precocious specification and differentiation of oligodendrocytes among olig2+ progenitors, resulting in an increase in oligodendrocytes at the expense of neurogenesis. Thus, Fgf20 signalling defines the proportion of each cell type produced. Taken together, Fgf20 signalling from earlier-born neurons patterns hindbrain segments spatially and temporally to induce the neurogenesis-to-oligodendrogenesis switch.