bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined caudal‐superficial‐epigastric axial pattern flap and full‐thickness buccal mucosa graft for single‐stage preputial reconstruction in six dogs
Authors: Massari F. , Montinaro V. , Buracco P. , Romanelli G. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the use of a caudal superficial epigastric flap in combination with a full‐thickness oral mucosal/submucosal graft for single‐stage reconstruction of extensive preputial defects in dogs.Materials and MethodsMedical records of dogs with extensive preputial defects either of traumatic origin or derived from tumour excision were reviewed. In all dogs, the prepuce was reconstructed using a full‐thickness oral mucosal/submucosal graft combined with a caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flap during a single surgical procedure. Outcome was assessed by routine clinical examinations for 6 months postoperatively, and through telephone follow‐up thereafter.ResultsSix dogs were included. The caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flap healed without complications in all dogs, while the full‐thickness oral mucosal/submucosal graft failed in one dog. In this individual the skin flap underwent contracture 30 days after surgery and preputial advancement was required. One dog showed postoperative discomfort during urination, which was successfully managed with a Foley catheter and analgesic administration. Three dogs developed paraphimosis at 30, 80 and 90 days, respectively, and required further surgery. Long‐term results were good in all dogs.Clinical SignificanceThe use of a full‐thickness oral mucosal/submucosal graft combined with a caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flap is feasible for single‐stage preputial reconstruction in dogs. Attention should be paid to create a sufficiently large preputial opening, in order to prevent paraphimosis.
How sleep problems contribute to simulator sickness: Preliminary results from a realistic driving scenario
Authors: Altena Ellemarije , Daviaux Yannick , Sanz‐Arigita Ernesto , Bonhomme Emilien , de Sevin Étienne , Micoulaud‐Franchi Jean‐Arthur , Bioulac Stéphanie , Philip Pierre 
Published: April 2018

SummaryVirtual reality and simulation tools enable us to assess daytime functioning in environments that simulate real life as close as possible. Simulator sickness, however, poses a problem in the application of these tools, and has been related to pre‐existing health problems. How sleep problems contribute to simulator sickness has not yet been investigated. In the current study, 20 female chronic insomnia patients and 32 female age‐matched controls drove in a driving simulator covering realistic city, country and highway scenes. Fifty percent of the insomnia patients as opposed to 12.5% of controls reported excessive simulator sickness leading to experiment withdrawal. In the remaining participants, patients with insomnia showed overall increased levels of oculomotor symptoms even before driving, while nausea symptoms further increased after driving. These results, as well as the realistic simulation paradigm developed, give more insight on how vestibular and oculomotor functions as well as interoceptive functions are affected in insomnia. Importantly, our results have direct implications for both the actual driving experience and the wider context of deploying simulation techniques to mimic real life functioning, in particular in those professions often exposed to sleep problems.
Design and Cost Analysis of a Self‐contained Mobile Laboratory for Commercial‐scale Aquatic Species Cryopreservation
Authors: Childress William M. , Caffey Rex H. , Tiersch Terrence R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough aquatic species cryopreservation protocols have been studied around the world over the past 60 yr., germplasm repository development efforts and commercialization have begun only recently. The goal of this project was to develop a self‐contained mobile laboratory for on‐site high‐throughput cryopreservation of aquatic species. The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify how a mobile laboratory would function in different operational scenarios, (2) customize an enclosed cargo trailer to function as a mobile laboratory, (3) evaluate the laboratory layout and ability of cryopreservation equipment to operate from generator power, and (4) document the investment costs for private and public groups to integrate a mobile laboratory into an existing cryopreservation facility at three levels of automation and estimate the total cost per trip based on hypothetical assumptions for two scenarios (aquaculture production and repository development). There were three operational designs identified for the mobile laboratory: (1) self‐contained work inside the unit using generator power, (2) work inside the unit using external facility power, and (3) using the equipment inside of a host facility. The investment costs for a base‐level mobile laboratory ranged between US$5670 and US$5787 for private groups and between US$5208 and US$5315 for public groups. With the addition of a range of automated processing equipment, total investment costs ranged from US$13,616 to US$103,529 for private groups and US$12,494 to US$94,891 for public groups. The total cost per trip to cryopreserve sperm of 59 blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, males to produce 6300 0.5‐mL French straws was estimated to range from US$6089 to US$14,633 for private and between US$5703 and US$16,938 for public groups depending on the level of automation. Total cost per trip to cryopreserve sperm of 500 males of five different species in the genus Xiphophorus to produce 641 0.25‐mL French straws was estimated to range from US$6653 to US$7640 for private and US$7582 to US$8088 for public groups depending on level of automation. Overall, a commercial‐scale mobile laboratory was developed that can assist current germplasm activities and support future repository and industry development, and the layout information provided can help others to design and build comparable units.
Cathodoluminescence of high‐pressure feldspar minerals as a shock barometer
Authors: Kayama Masahiro , Sekine Toshimori , Tomioka Naotaka , Nishido Hirotsugu , Kato Yukako , Ninagawa Kiyotaka , Kobayashi Takamichi , Yamaguchi Akira 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCathodoluminescence (CL) analyses were carried out on maskelynite and lingunite in L6 chondrites of Tenham and Yamato‐790729. Under CL microscopy, bright blue emission was observed in Na‐lingunite in the shock veins. Dull blue‐emitting maskelynite is adjacent to the shock veins, and aqua blue luminescent plagioclase lies farther away. CL spectroscopy of the Na‐lingunite showed emission bands centered at ~330, 360–380, and ~590 nm. CL spectra of maskelynite consisted of emission bands at ~330 and ~380 nm. Only an emission band at 420 nm was recognized in crystalline plagioclase. Deconvolution of CL spectra from maskelynite successfully separated the UV–blue emission bands into Gaussian components at 3.88, 3.26, and 2.95 eV. For comparison, we prepared K‐lingunite and experimentally shock‐recovered feldspars at the known shock pressures of 11.1–41.2 GPa to measure CL spectra. Synthetic K‐lingunite has similar UV–blue and characteristic yellow bands at ~550, ~660, ~720, ~750, and ~770 nm. The UV–blue emissions of shock‐recovered feldspars and the diaplectic feldspar glasses show a good correlation between intensity and shock pressure after deconvolution. They may be assigned to pressure‐induced defects in Si and Al octahedra and tetrahedra. The components at 3.88 and 3.26 eV were detectable in the lingunite, both of which may be caused by the defects in Si and Al octahedra, the same as maskelynite. CL of maskelynite and lingunite may be applicable to estimate shock pressure for feldspar‐bearing meteorites, impactites, and samples returned by spacecraft mission, although we need to develop more as a reliable shock barometer.
Dust concentration and chondrule formation
Authors: Hubbard Alexander , Mac Low Mordecai‐Mark , Ebel Denton S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMeteoritical and astrophysical models of planet formation make contradictory predictions for dust concentration factors in chondrule‐forming regions of the solar nebula. Meteoritical and cosmochemical models strongly suggest that chondrules, a key component of the meteoritical record, formed in regions with solids‐to‐gas mass ratios orders above the solar nebula average. However, models of dust grain dynamics in protoplanetary disks struggle to surpass concentration factors of a few except during very short‐lived stages in a dust grain's life. Worse, those models do not predict significant concentration factors for dust grains the size of chondrule precursors. We briefly develop the difficulty in concentrating dust particles in the context of nebular chondrule formation and show that the disagreement is sufficiently stark that cosmochemists should explore ideas that might revise the concentration factor requirements downward.
Endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization‐mediated vasodilatation compensates nitric oxide‐mediated endothelial dysfunction during ischemia in diabetes‐induced canine coronary collateral microcirculation in vivo
Authors: Yada Toyotaka , Shimokawa Hiroaki , Tachibana Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesIt has been previously demonstrated that endothelial caveolin‐1 plays crucial roles to produce an endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor in mouse mesenteric arteries. We examined whether this mechanism is involved in the endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization‐mediated responses to compensate reduced NO‐mediated responses in diabetes mellitus during coronary occlusion in dogs in vivo.MethodsCanine subepicardial collateral coronary small arteries (≥100 μm) and arterioles (<100 μm) were observed by an intravital microscope. Experiments were performed during occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (90 minutes) under the following conditions (n = 6 each); (i) control, (ii) diabetes mellitus, and (iii) diabetes mellitus+L‐NMMA+KCa channel blockade. Vascular and myocardial levels of caveolin‐1, eNOS, and caspase‐3 were measured by ELISA.ResultsCaveolin‐1 levels in the ischemic area were greater in coronary microvessels than in conduit arteries in the control group. NO‐mediated coronary vasodilatations of small arteries to bradykinin did not increase in diabetes mellitus associated with decreased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 compared with baseline of controls and were restored by compensation of endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization and were suppressed by KCa channel blockade.ConclusionsNO‐mediated vasodilatations of small coronary arteries during coronary occlusion are impaired in diabetes mellitus and are compensated by endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization of arterioles in dogs in vivo.
Geographical evaluation of Neuroparacoccidioidomycosis and Paracoccidioidomycosis in Southern Brazil
Authors: de Almeida Sergio Monteiro , Salvador Gabriel L. O. , Roza Thiago Henrique , Izycki Luís Felipe , dos Santos Isaias , Aragão Afonso , Kulik Amanda , Muro Marisol , Torres Luis Fernando Bleggi , de Noronha Lucia 
Published: April 2018

SummaryParacoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most prevalent systemic mycosis among immunocompetent patients in Latin America. This study aimed to describe the expansion over time and the geographical distribution of confirmed Neuroparacoccidioidomycosis (NPCM) and PCM cases, and relate it to environmental characteristics such as climate, soil types and coffee crops. This was a retrospective study of autopsy and biopsy reports between 1951 and 2014 from the Medical Pathology Section of the Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Southern Brazil. PCM was predominant in male agricultural workers. PCM cases predominated in areas with subtropical climate with hot summers in North West Parana state. NPCM cases were distributed statewide more frequent in rural than metropolitan area. There was no association with climate, soil type, or coffee crop culture. Most of the PCM cases were in the metropolitan area of the capital, chiefly due to migration fluxes. Even though the history is predominantly agricultural, PCM cases were distributed mainly in the metropolitan area of the state capital, there was no association with climate and soil. NPCM cases were numerically more frequent in rural than metropolitan area.
Cryptococcal infections over a 15 year period at a tertiary facility & impact of guideline management
Authors: Gassiep Ian , Douglas Joel , Emeto Theophilus I. , Crawley Katherine , Playford Elliott G. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryCryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection caused primarily by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species, presenting predominantly as meningoencephalitis. The aim of this study is to assess all cryptococcal infections managed at our facility from 2001 to 2015 to determine incidence, risk factors, and comparison of outcomes prior to and following introduction of the 2010 Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guidelines. Retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed and treated for cryptococcal infection occurring between January 2001 and December 2015. Of 102 patients diagnosed with cryptococcal infection, 97 were eligible for study inclusion. There appears to be an overall increased incidence of cryptococcosis in both transplant and non‐transplant cohorts with a peak in 2015 of 6 transplant and 13 non‐transplant cases. In the meningitis cohort, 38/52 (73%) of identified isolates were C. neoformans, and 14/52 (27%) were C. gattii. Notably, 14/14 (100%) of C. gattii isolates were associated with meningitis, as compared to only 38/64 (59%) C. neoformans associated with meningitis (P: .003). It appears that patients presenting with cough are less likely to have meningitis, 17/27 (63%), (P: .005). When stratifying for culture positive meningitis lumbar puncture opening pressure, the median in the culture positive cohort was 31.5 cm H2O compared with 15.5 cm H2O (P: .036).Multiple admissions were required prior to diagnosis in the majority of cases with only 18/72 (25%) diagnosed on 1st presentation. Postguideline mortality has improved from 15% to 6.1% (P: .046). Cryptococcal infection remains relatively uncommon, but there appears to be an increasing trend in incidence. Overall mortality is relatively low and has improved since introduction of the 2010 IDSA guidelines.
Hydraulic safety margins and air‐seeding thresholds in roots, trunks, branches and petioles of four northern hardwood trees
Authors: Wason Jay W. , Anstreicher Katherine S. , Stephansky Nathan , Huggett Brett A. , Brodersen Craig R. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryDuring drought, xylem sap pressures can approach or exceed critical thresholds where gas embolisms form and propagate through the xylem network, leading to systemic hydraulic dysfunction. The vulnerability segmentation hypothesis (VSH) predicts that low‐investment organs (e.g. leaf petioles) should be more vulnerable to embolism spread compared to high‐investment, perennial organs (e.g. trunks, stems), as a means of mitigating embolism spread and excessive negative pressures in the perennial organs.We tested this hypothesis by measuring air‐seeding thresholds using the single‐vessel air‐injection method and calculating hydraulic safety margins in four northern hardwood tree species of the northeastern United States, in both saplings and canopy height trees, and at five points along the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum.Acer rubrumwas the most resistant to air‐seeding and generally supported theVSH. However,Fagus grandifolia,Fraxinus americanaandQuercus rubrashowed little to no variation in air‐seeding thresholds across organ types within each species.Leaf‐petiole xylem operated at water potentials close to or exceeding their hydraulic safety margins in all species, whereas roots, trunks and stems ofA. rubrum,F. grandifoliaandQ. rubraoperated within their safety margins, even during the third‐driest summer in the last 100 yr.
National trends in emergency department visits and hospitalizations for food‐induced anaphylaxis in US children
Authors: Motosue Megan S. , Bellolio M. Fernanda , Van Houten Holly K. , Shah Nilay D. , Campbell Ronna L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundFood is the leading cause of anaphylaxis in children seen in emergency departments in the United States, yet data on emergency department visits and hospitalizations related to food‐induced anaphylaxis are limited. The objective of our study was to examine national time trends of pediatric food‐induced anaphylaxis‐related emergency department visits and hospitalizations.MethodsWe conducted an observational study using a national administrative claims database from 2005 through 2014. Participants were younger than 18 years with an emergency department visit or hospitalization for food‐induced anaphylaxis. Outcome measures of our study included time trends of pediatric food‐induced anaphylaxis‐related emergency department visits and hospitalizations, including observations (in an emergency department or a hospital unit), inpatient admissions, and intensive care unit admissions.ResultsDuring the study period, participants had 7310 food‐induced anaphylaxis‐related emergency department visits. Emergency department visits for food‐induced anaphylaxis increased by 214% (P < .001); the highest rates were in infants and toddlers (age 0‐2 years). Rates of emergency department visits significantly increased in all age‐groups, with the highest increase in adolescents (age 13‐17 years: 413%; P < .001). Peanuts accounted for the highest rates (5.85 per 100 000 in 2014) followed by tree nuts/seeds (4.62 per 100 000 in 2014). The greatest increase in rates of emergency department visits for food‐induced anaphylaxis occurred with tree nuts/seeds (373.0% increase during the study period).ConclusionsThe incidence of food‐induced anaphylaxis has significantly increased over time in children of all ages. Food‐induced anaphylaxis in children is an important national public health concern.
Identification of novel interactors and potential phosphorylation substrates of GsSnRK1 from wild soybean (Glycine soja)
Authors: Song Yu , Zhang Hang , You Hongguang , Liu Yuanming , Chen Chao , Feng Xu , Yu Xingyu , Wu Shengyang , Wang Libo , Zhong Shihua , Li Qiang , Zhu Yanming , Ding Xiaodong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe plant sucrose nonfermenting kinase 1 (SnRK1) kinases play the central roles in the processes of energy balance, hormone perception, stress resistance, metabolism, growth, and development. However, the functions of these kinases are still elusive. In this study, we used GsSnRK1 of wild soybean as bait to perform library‐scale screens by the means of yeast two‐hybrid to identify its interacting proteins. The putative interactions were verified by yeast retransformation and β‐galactosidase assays, and the selected interactions were further confirmed in planta by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and biochemical Co‐IP assays. Protein phosphorylation analyses were carried out by phos‐tag assay and anti‐phospho‐(Ser/Thr) substrate antibodies. Finally, we obtained 24 GsSnRK1 interactors and several putative substrates that can be categorized into SnRK1 regulatory β subunit, protein modification, biotic and abiotic stress‐related, hormone perception and signalling, gene expression regulation, water and nitrogen transport, metabolism, and unknown proteins. Intriguingly, we first discovered that GsSnRK1 interacted with and phosphorylated the components of soybean nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The interactions and potential functions of GsSnRK1 and its associated proteins were extensively discussed and analysed. This work provides plausible clues to elucidate the novel functions of SnRK1 in response to variable environmental, metabolic, and physiological requirements.
Elevated CO2 may alter pheromonal communication in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Choi Kyung San , Ahn Seung‐Joon , Kim Su Bin , Ahn Jeong Joon , Jung Bong Nam , Go Sang Wook , Kim Dong‐Soon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) as a greenhouse gas has been increasing in recent decades. Because an elevated atmospheric CO2 influences insect physiology and behaviour, we hypothesize that pheromone–mediated communication in the moth is affected by an increased CO2 level. We test the behavioural responses of male Helicoverpa armigera to sex pheromone in a wind tunnel, demonstrating a significant reduction of approaching behaviour to the odour source at a high CO2 level (1000 ppm). Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male to the pheromone component are also significantly suppressed in high CO2 environments (600 and 1000 ppm), indicating that a high CO2 level inhibits both behavioural and electrophysiological responses of male to the sex pheromone. Interestingly, the EAG response of the whole head preparation of males is influenced more by the elevated CO2 level than that of the antenna‐cut preparation. A sequential increase of CO2 levels from an ambient CO2 level also decreases the EAG response of the whole head but not of the labial palp‐removed head, implying a potential mediation of labial palp in the head where the CO2 receptor is located. By contrast, sex pheromone production in females reared under or shifted to an elevated CO2 condition is increased, and the putative underlying mechanism for this is discussed. The present study provides an insight into the adaptive strategy of moth pheromone communication in a changing environment.
Macroalgae as a sustainable aquafeed ingredient
Authors: Wan Alex H.L. , Davies Simon J. , Soler‐Vila Anna , Fitzgerald Richard , Johnson Mark P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMacroalgae, commonly known as seaweed, offer a novel and added‐value dietary ingredient in formulated diets for fish. Production of biomass can be achieved without reliance on expensive arable land, as seaweed may be collected from coastal regions or farmed. There are three taxonomic groups represented by the term ‘macroalgae’: Rhodophyta (red), Chlorophyta (green) and Phaeophyta (brown). Like terrestrial plants, nutritional content in macroalgae can vary greatly amongst species, genera, divisions, seasons and locations. Aside from their basic nutritional value, seaweeds contain a number of pigments, defensive and storage compounds, and secondary metabolites that could have beneficial effects on farmed fish. This review appraises the beneficial qualities of these macroalgae compounds and their potential for exploitation in commercial finfish feeds. The current knowledge of the effects of macroalgae inclusion in finfish diets is also addressed. From these >50 fish feeding studies that were analysed, enhancing trends in fish growth, physiology, stress resistance, immune system and fillet muscle quality were reported. However, only a small fraction of algal species have so far been investigated as potential components in finfish diets, and furthermore, this review has identified a number of knowledge gaps that current research has yet to address. To conclude, an appraisal is made of the possible technologies employed to exploit seaweeds to an industrial level through stabilising the algal meal, enhancing the digestibility and functional food properties.