bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating groundwater evapotranspiration by phreatophytes using combined water level and soil moisture observations
Authors: Wang Tian‐Ye , Yu Jing‐Jie , Wang Ping , Min Lei‐Lei , Pozdniakov Sergey P. , Yuan Guo‐Fu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOne of the classical methods for estimating groundwater evapotranspiration (ETg) by phreatophytes is based on diurnal water table fluctuations (WTFs). This method was initially introduced by White in 1932 and has recently been improved. However, vegetation‐induced disequilibrium between groundwater and capillary fringe (CF) water is not considered under White's assumptions. In this study, we propose an approach that considers root‐driven water depletion in the CF using the soil moisture profile (hereafter referred to as the SMP method). The SMP method is demonstrated to perform equally well for both long‐term water table rises and declines. The apparent advantages of the SMP method over traditional WTF‐based methods include its greater effectiveness in revealing physical mechanisms and its omission of specific yield determination. However, appropriately determining the boundary condition, which is related to active root‐zone thickness, is crucial for the SMP method. Further development of the SMP method requires a deeper understanding of the interactions among roots, groundwater, and soil moisture.
Local and landscape drivers of aquatic‐to‐terrestrial subsidies in riparian ecosystems: a worldwide meta‐analysis
Authors: Lafage D. , Bergman E. , Eckstein R. L. , Österling E. M. , Sadler J. P. , Piccolo J. J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCross‐boundary fluxes of organisms and matter, termed “subsidies,” are now recognized to be reciprocal and of roughly equal importance for both aquatic and terrestrial systems, even if terrestrial input to aquatic ecosystems has received most attention. The magnitude of aquatic‐to‐terrestrial subsidies is well documented, but the drivers behind these subsidies and their utilization by terrestrial consumers are characteristically local‐scale studies, limiting the inferences that can be drawn for broader geographic scales. We therefore built and analyzed a database of stable isotope data extracted from 21 studies worldwide, to identify both landscape‐scale (catchment) and local‐scale (100‐m riparian zone) variables that may affect the diet of terrestrial predators in riparian ecosystems. Our meta‐analysis revealed a greater magnitude of aquatic‐to‐terrestrial subsidies (>50%) than previously reported, albeit with large geographic and inter‐annual variations. Moreover, we demonstrated a large effect of landscape‐scale factors on aquatic‐to‐terrestrial subsidies, particularly anthropogenic land use and tree cover. Local human population was the only relevant factor at the local scale. We also found that studies on landscape‐scale and anthropogenic land use effects on aquatic‐to‐terrestrial subsidies are strongly under‐represented in the ecological literature, which limits the general inferences that can currently be drawn about landscape effects. We suggest that landscape‐scale studies could improve our understanding of how land use and environmental change might influence future patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem function.
Electrochemical Detection of Free Chlorine Using Ni Metal Nanoparticles Combined with Multilayered Graphene Nanoshells
Authors: Kodera Fumihiro , Saito Ryou , Ishikawa Hiroya , Miyakoshi Akihiko , Umeda Minoru 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn electrochemical detection of free chlorine using carbon‐metal (C−M) composite powder, with a nickel‐metal nanoparticle combined with a multilayered graphene nanoshell (Ni metal@multilayered graphene) as the main component, synthesized from CH4 via multimode microwave‐assisted catalytic decomposition, was studied. Morphological analysis of the C−M composite powder was performed by TEM–EDX and Raman spectroscopy. The C−M composite powder was packed in a porous microelectrode (PME), and its electrochemical activity with respect to free chlorine was evaluated using a potential sweep method. The C−M composite powder exhibited a sufficient activity against free chlorine. A current based on the reduction of free chlorine was observed in the potential < around+0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl. A linear relationship was observed between the current and the concentration.
The Effect of Supporting Electrolyte Concentration on Zinc Electrodeposition Kinetics from Methimazole Solutions
Authors: Nieszporek Jolanta , Gugała‐Fekner Dorota , Nieszporek Krzysztof 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe kinetic parameters of Zn2+ ion electroreduction in sodium perchlorate used as the supporting electrolyte on the mercury electrode in the presence of methimazole were determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and DC polarography. The two‐stage nature of this process was demonstrated. Both steps are catalysed by a methimazole. The size of the acceleration effect depends on the concentrations of methimazole and the supporting electrolyte. The acceleration of the electrode process involves the formation of active complexes between the depolarizer ions and methimazole on the electrode surface. These complexes facilitate the exchange of charge between the electrode and zinc ions during electroreduction process. The change of the hydrating sphere of the zinc ion is also important here. This in turn depends on its oxidation state and the concentration of the supporting electrolyte.
Facile Non‐enzymatic Lactic Acid Sensor Based on Cobalt Oxide Nanostructures
Authors: Chang Abdul Sattar , Memon Nusrat Naeem , Amin Sidra , Chang Fouzia , Aftab Umair , Abro Muhammad Ishaq , dad Chandio Ali , Shah Aqeel Ahmed , Ibupoto Mazhar Hussain , Ansari Muhammad Akram , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, we have investigated the effect of counter anions on the morphology of cobalt oxide nanostructures. The nanostructures of cobalt oxide are prepared by a low temperature aqueous chemical growth method. The morphology of cobalt oxide nanostructure material was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and the crystalline structure was studied by powder X‐ray diffraction technique. The cobalt oxide nanostructures exhibit the nanowire, lump, bundle of the nanowire and flower‐like morphologies. The XRD study has revealed a cubic phase of cobalt oxide nanostructures. The electro‐catalytic properties of cobalt oxide nanostructures were explored through cyclic voltammetry and amperometric techniques by sensing of lactic acid in the alkaline media. The cobalt oxide nanostructures prepared from cobalt nitrate have shown a well‐resolved redox peak. The proposed mechanism for the non‐enzymatic lactic acid sensor is elucidated by considering the morphology and cyclic voltammetry response. The limit of detection for the sensor was found to be 0.006 mM and it exhibits a linear range from 0.05–3 mM of lactic acid as shown by cyclic voltammetry. The amperometric response has shown the excellent current‐concentration response and the linear range of sensor was found to be 0.1 mM to 5.5 mM. The lactic acid sensor is stable, selective and can be used for practical applications. This study provides an excellent alternative analytical tool for the determination of lactic acid.
Enzyme‐free Cu2O@MnO2/GCE for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing
Authors: Ouiram Tik , Moonla Chochanon , Preechaworapun Anchana , Tangkuaram Tanin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA novel composite material of copper (I) oxide at manganese (IV) oxide (Cu2O@MnO2), was synthesized and applied for modification on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface (Cu2O@MnO2/GCE) as a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor. The composite material was characterized regarding its structural and morphological properties, using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Cu2O@MnO2/GCE showed an excellent electrocatalytic response to the oxidation of H2O2 which provided a 0.56 s−1 charge transfer rate constant (Ks), 1.65×10−5 cm2 s−1 diffusion coefficient value (D), 0.12 mm2 electroactive surface area (Ae) and 1.04×10−8 mol cm−2 surface concentration (
). At the optimal condition, the constructed sensor exhibited a wide linear range from 0.5 μM to 20 mM with a low limit of detection (63 nM, (S/N=3) and a good sensitivity of 256.33 μA mM−1 cm−2. It also presented high stability (ΔIresponse±15 %, n=100), repeatability (1.25 %RSD, n=10) and reproducibility (3.55 %RSD, n=10). The results indicated that the synthesized Cu2O@MnO2 was successfully used as a new platform for H2O2 sensing.
Disposable Amperometric Biosensor Based on Poly‐L‐lysine and Fe3O4 NPs‐chitosan Composite for the Detection of Tyramine in Cheese
Authors: Dalkıran Berna , Erden Pınar Esra , Kaçar Ceren , Kılıç Esma 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn amperometric tyramine biosensor based on poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4NP) modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was developed. PLL was formed on the SPCE by the electropolymerization of L‐lysine. Subsequently, Fe3O4NP suspension prepared in chitosan (CH) solution was casted onto the PLL/SPCE. Tyrosinase (Ty) enzyme was immobilized onto the modified Fe3O4−CH/PLL/SPCE and the electrode was coated with Nafion to fabricate the Ty/Fe3O4−CH/PLL/SPCE. Different techniques including scanning electron microscopy, chronoamperometry (i–t curve), cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were utilized to study the fabrication processes, electrochemical characteristics and performance parameters of the biosensor. The analytical performance of the tyramine biosensor was evaluated with respect to linear range, sensitivity, limit of detection, repeatability and reproducibility. The response of the biosensor to tyramine was linear between 4.9×10−7–6.3×10−5 M with a detection limit of 7.5×10−8 M and sensitivity of 71.36 μA mM−1 (595 μA mM−1 cm−2). The application of the developed biosensor for the determination of tyramine was successfully tested in cheese sample and mean analytical recovery of added tyramine in cheese extract was calculated as 101.2±2.1 %. The presented tyramine biosensor is a promising approach for tyramine analysis in real samples due to its high sensitivity, rapid response and easy fabrication.
Iodine‐mediated Oxidation of Resveratrol. An Electroanalytical Study Using Platinum and Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Gómez‐Monedero Beatriz , Jiménez‐Pérez Rebeca , González‐Sánchez María Isabel , Almagro Loreno , Valero Edelmira , Compton Richard G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResveratrol is a phenolic compound that shows important biological antioxidant activities. In this paper, the electrochemical oxidation of iodide in the presence of resveratrol was investigated using both platinum and glassy carbon electrodes. The experimental results showed a diffusion controlled process for the oxidation of iodide to iodine, followed by the chemical reaction of iodine with resveratrol. The possible applicability of iodine‐mediated reaction in the quantitative analysis of resveratrol was studied, obtaining sensitivities of 0.98±0.03 and 4.22±0.20 μAμM−1 cm−2 using platinum and glassy carbon electrodes, respectively. The resveratrol content in a sample obtained from the extracellular medium of elicited suspension‐cultured cells of Vitis vinifera was evaluated and compared with data obtained by HPLC analysis, with good correlations. The signal of other compounds that may be present in the samples or they are precursors of the biosynthesis of trans‐resveratrol (L‐ascorbic, glycine, saccharose, tyrosine, cinnamic acid and p‐coumaric acid) was also evaluated, which shows lower interferences when using glassy carbon electrodes.
Screen‐printed Electrode Modified with ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Detection of Acetylcholine
Authors: Beitollahi Hadi , Safaei Mohadeseh , Tajik Somayeh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper a sensor to detect acetylcholine on the basis of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles modified screen printed electrode (SPE) is reported. In the range 0.08–500.0 μM, with the detection limit of 0.024±0.001 μM, acquired anodic peak currents where shown to be linearly dependent on acetylcholine concentrations by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). It was proven that acetylcholine oxidation at adjusted electrode surface takes place at 100 mV potential less positive compared to an unadjusted screen printed electrode. The electron transfer coefficient (α=0.51) and diffusion coefficient (D=9.3×10−6 cm2/s) of acetylcholine oxidation were determined too. In addition, this original sensor possesses numerous benefits such as reproducibility, high stability and rapid response (20 s).
Biomimetic preparation of core‐shell structured surface‐enhanced Raman scattering substrate with antifouling ability, good stability, and reliable quantitative capability
Authors: Chen Na , Meng Xinyu , Ding Pan , Su Yuanyuan , Wang Houyu , He Yao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe fouling and stability are two most critical limiting factors for practical applications of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based microfluidic electrophoresis device. Herein, we present a novel biomimetic nanoengineering strategy to achieve a SERS substrate featuring antifouling ability, good stability, and reliable quantitative capability. Typically, by employing tea polyphenol as the reducing agent, the substrate made of silver core‐gold shell nanostructures in situ grown on silicon wafer surface is fabricated. The core‐shell nanostructures are further embedded with internal standard molecules. Remarkably, the fabricated substrate preserves distinct SERS effects, adaptable reproducibility, and reliable quantitative ability even if the substrate is incubated with 15% H2O2, 13% HNO3, or 108 CFU/mL bacteria, or suffered from 12‐day continuous vibration at 250 rpm/min in PBS buffer. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the DNA‐functionalized substrate is capable of precise quantification of Hg2+ with a limit of detection down to ca. 1 pM even in sewage water.
Nanoscaled porphyrinic metal–organic framework for photodynamic/photothermal therapy of tumor
Authors: Wang Shengyan , Chen Weihua , Jiang Chunhuan , Lu Lehui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNanoagents achieving photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) combination treatment with improved therapeutic effect are highly desirable. However, the incorporation of both PDT and PTT into a single nanoagent often requires multistep fabrication process. Herein, we report that photoactive porphyrin ligands have been successfully introduced into Zn‐TCPP structure to construct the nanoagents that possesses photodynamic performance and photothermal performance simultaneously. Such a nanoagent enables the generation of single oxygen and heat under laser irradiation. Additionally, it exhibits satisfactory biocompatibility and high light toxicity against cancer cells. The current work provides a feasible approach to introduce both PDT and PTT into a single nanoplatform.
Role of surface microstructure of Mo back contact on alkali atom diffusion and Ga grading in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells
Authors: Gong Junbo , Kong Yifan , Li Jianmin , Wang Xiangqi , Que Yande , Zhang Zengming , Ding Zejun , Xiao Xudong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile the major function of molybdenum (Mo) back contact on soda‐lime glass (SLG) substrate in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells is to provide good adhesion and good conductivity, its role as the transportation channel for alkali elements from SLG substrate to CIGS layer has often been overlooked. In this work, we have intentionally fabricated tri‐layered structure in contrast to the conventional bi‐layered structure for Mo back contact with the microstructure of the thin topmost Mo layer manipulated by the Ar pressure and water vapor during sputtering deposition. It has been discovered that the CIGS solar cell conversion efficiency can be greatly affected by this thin topmost Mo layer of the back contact. Investigations on the elemental depth profiles in the CIGS devices and the chemical states of Mo on the back contact surfaces have revealed that the surface layer of Mo back contact has a strong effect on the diffusion of alkali elements from SLG into CIGS absorber layer, which in turn influences the formation of Ga gradient in the CIGS layer and thus the solar cell performance. It was revealed that Mo(OH)6 and MoO3 formed on the surface of Mo back contact play a key role in determining the K atom distribution and Ga gradient. A reaction mechanism was also proposed.
Investigation of biomass (pine wood) gasification: Experiments and Aspen Plus simulation
Authors: Huang Fenxia , Jin Shiping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBiomass gasification is currently a hot research topic. To achieve a high hydrogen content in the product gas, the gasification feedstock used in this study is air‐dried pine woodchips. Experiments are performed in a downdraft gasifier by varying the operation parameters of the particle size (60 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 mesh), temperature point (700, 750, 800, 850, 900°C), and steam‐to‐biomass mass (S/B) ratio (0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 2.8). The main effects of particle size, temperature, and S/B ratio on the composition of the product gas are analyzed to predict the optimal operation parameters of biomass feedstock. For pine woodchip gasification, the optimal particle size is 80 mesh or 0.17 mm, the preferred temperature is 850°C, and the optimal S/B ratio is 1.4. Although there is an error between the experiment and the simulation, the difference is not significant. The Aspen Plus model can provide guidance for the gasification of pine woodchips and can be extended to the gasification of other kinds of biomass.
Occurrence and Species-Specific Distribution of Plastic Debris in Wild Freshwater Fish from the Pearl River Catchment, China
Authors: Zheng Ke , Fan Yujuan , Zhu Zewen , Chen Guangshi , Tang Caiming , Peng Xianzhi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Freshwater systems are an important source and vector of plastic debris found in oceans. However, plastic debris in freshwater organisms has not been well studied. The occurrence, characterization, polymer composition, and seasonal and spatial distribution of plastic debris were investigated in 9 species of wild freshwater fish from the Pearl River catchment, south China. Approximately 50% of the total fish (n = 279) belonging to 9 species were found to ingest plastic debris with an average abundance of 7.0 ± 23.8 items/individual, indicating wide plastic contamination in the Pearl River catchment. Plastic debris were predominantly transparent or white in color, fibers or fragments in shape, and polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene–propylene copolymer (PE-PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in polymer composition. A species-specific distribution of the plastic debris was observed in terms of abundance, shape, and polymer composition. Redbelly tilapia had the highest (27.4 ± 54.0 items/individual), whereas common carp had the lowest (0.2 ± 0.4 items/individual) abundance of the plastic debris in their gastrointestinal tracts. Fibers of PET were predominant in the freshwater species except in barbel chubs, which had mostly PE-PP fragments. Omnivores and bottom-dwellers were more likely to ingest plastic debris. Seasonal variation was observed, with generally higher abundance of plastic debris in fish collected in the dry season than in the wet season. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1504–1513. © 2019 SETAC
Distributed energy‐efficient channel assignment in cognitive mesh network for IoT systems
Authors: Ul Hasan Najam , Ejaz Waleed , Anpalagan Alagan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) has attracted a lot of attention to solve the real‐world problem to improve quality of life. Cognitive radio mesh networks (CRMNs) can provide connectivity to a large number of IoT nodes and have the potential to self‐organize and reconfigure to make efficient use of spectrum resources. The growing concern regarding energy consumption in communication infrastructure and low power IoT nodes has led researchers to regard minimizing of energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a distributed energy‐efficient channel assignment in CRMNs for the IoT systems. We formulate an optimization problem for channel assignment and sharing in CRMNs for IoT systems with an objective to maximize energy‐efficiency of the network. We consider constraints on both intra and inter‐link interference. We then propose two distributed approaches to solve the channel assignment problem: (1) greedy approach and (2) game theoretic approach while considering the scalability and self‐organization requirements of the CRMNs for the IoT systems. We then present extensive simulation results to demonstrate the performance of proposed schemes.
Programmable intelligent spaces for Industry 4.0: Indoor visual localization driving attocell networks
Authors: do Carmo Alexandre P. , Vassallo Raquel F. , de Queiroz Felippe M. , Picoreti Rodolfo , Fernandes Mariana R. , Gomes Roberta L. , Martinello Magnos , Dominicini Cristina K. , Guimarães Rafael , Garcia Anilton S. , Ribeiro Moises R. N. , Simeonidou Dimitra 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReal‐time and mission‐critical applications for Industry 4.0 demand fast and reliable communication. Therefore, knowing devices' location is essential, but GPS is of little use indoors, whereas electromagnetic impairments and interferences demand new approaches to ensure reliability. The challenges include real‐time feedback with end‐to‐end (E2E) low latency; high data density due to large number of IoT devices per area; and smaller communication cells, which increases the handover frequency and complexity. To tackle these issues, we introduce a programmable intelligent space (PIS) to deploy attocells, enable E2E programmability, and provide a precise computer vision localization system and networking programmability based on software‐defined networking. To validate our approach, experiments were conducted, controlling a mobile robot through a trajectory. We demonstrate the need for higher camera frame rate to achieve tighter precision, evaluating different trade‐offs on localization, bandwidth, and latency. Results have shown that PIS wireless attocell handover achieves seamlessly mobile communication, delivering packets within the deadline window, with similar performance to a no handover baseline.