bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Phase III Study Comparing Dexamethasone on Day 1 With Dexamethasone on Days 1 to 3 With Combined Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist and Palonosetron in High-Emetogenic Chemotherapy
Authors: Ito Yuka , Tsuda Takashi , Minatogawa Hiroko , Kano Sayaka , Sakamaki Kentaro , Ando Masahiko , Tsugawa Koichiro , Kojima Yasuyuki , Furuya Naoki , Matsuzaki Kunihiro , Fukuda Mamoru , Sugae Sadatoshi , Ohta Ichiro , Arioka Hitoshi , Tokuda Yutaka , Narui Kazutaka , Tsuboya Ayako , Suda Takashi , Morita Satoshi , Boku Narikazu , Yamanaka Takeharu , Nakajima Takako Eguchi 
Published: February 2018

Purpose We evaluated the noninferiority of dexamethasone (DEX) on day 1, with sparing on days 2 and 3, combined with neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (NK1-RA) and palonosetron (Palo) compared with the 3-day use of DEX in highly-emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). Patients and Methods Patients who were scheduled to receive HEC (cisplatin ≥ 50 mg/m2 or anthracycline plus cyclophosphamide) were randomly assigned to receive either DEX on days 1 to 3 (Arm D3) or DEX on day 1 and placebo on days 2 and 3 (Arm D1) combined with NK1-RA and Palo. The primary end point was complete response (CR), defined as no emesis and no rescue medications during the overall (0 to 120 h) phase. The noninferiority margin was set at −15.0% (Arm D1 − Arm D3). Results A total of 396 patients—196 and 200 patients in Arms D3 and D1, respectively—were evaluated. CR rates during the overall period were 46.9% for Arm D3 and 44.0% for Arm D1 (95% CI, −12.6% to 6.8%; P = .007). CR rates during the acute (0 to 24 h) phase were 63.3% and 64.5% for Arms D3 and D1, respectively (95% CI, −8.1% to 10.6%; P < .001), and they were 56.6% and 51.5%, respectively, during the delayed (24 to 120 h) phase (95% CI, −14.8% to 4.6%; P = .023). Hot flushes and tremors were observed more frequently as DEX-related adverse events on days 4 and 5 in Arm D3, whereas anorexia, depression, and fatigue were observed more frequently on days 2 and 3 in Arm D1. As an indication of quality of life, global health status was similar in both arms. Conclusion Antiemetic DEX administration on days 2 and 3 can be spared when combined with NK1-RA and Palo in HEC.
Antioxidant Activity Test of 2,6-bis-(2’-furilidyn)-Cyclohexanone, ; 2,5-bis-(2’-furilidyn)-Cyclopentanone; 1,5-Difuryl-1,4-pentadien-3-one
Authors: Rahmawati Ismi , Rejeki Endang Sri , Sardjiman Sardjiman 
Published: February 2018

Antioxidant is an essential compound to keep man’s health due to its function as radical scavenging. Curcumin analog compounds can function as antioxidant (Sardjiman, 2000). The aim of the experiment was to find out the antioxidant activity of 2,.6-bis-(2’-furilidin)-cyclohexanone, 2,.5-bis-(2’furilidin)-cyclopentanone, and 1,.5-difuril-1.4-pentadien-3-one compounds, and the antioxidant activity of each compound against DPPH radical with IC50 parameter as well as the correlation of compounds structure’s activities against antioxidant. The antioxidant activity of curcumin analog compounds wereas tested against DPPH free radical. The test was conducted in 5 series of concentrations by adding 4.0 ml test solutions with 1.0 ml DPPH. The antioxidant activity against free radical was measured usingwith spectrophotometer at 517 nm wavelength and determined for the IC50 value. The experiment employed rutin as positive control. The result of the experiment showed that curcumin analog compounds have antioxidant activity with IC50 of rutin, 2,.6-bis-(2’-furilidin)-cyclohexanone, 2,.5-bis-(2’furilidin)-cyclopentanone, and 1,.5-difuril-1.4-pentadien-3-one as follows: 4.93 ppm, 22.73 ppm, 20.67 ppm, and 18.80 ppm respectively. The highest antioxidant activity belonged to 1,.5-difuril-1.4-pentadien-3-one compound which is 18.80 ppm . Correlation of activity structure of the 3 compounds can be seen from the log p parameter and energy space of HOMO-LUMO.Key words: Antioxidant, DPPH, Analog Curcumin
Fatty Acids Composition of Red and Purple Pomegranate (Punica granatum L) Seed Oil
Authors: Soetjipto Hartati , Pradipta Murda , Timotius KH 
Published: February 2018

The aim of this investigation was to determine the content and composition of fatty acid in seed oil of red and purple pomegranate (Punica granatum L). The extraction process was performed by Soxhlet extractor with petroleum ether as solvent. The separation and identification of pomegranate seed oil was done by using GCMS. The total oil content of red and purple pomegranate were 128 g/kg d.w and 103 g/kg d.w respectively. Both showed the same major fatty acids as palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and punisic acid. Oleic acid (19-21%) and linoleic acid (20-21%) were found as the most dominant fatty acids in red pomegranate, whereas purple pomegranate seed oil was dominated by oleic acid (41-43%) and punicic acid (0-25%). Neutral lipid fraction of red and purple pomegranate seed oils was more dominant than glycolipid and phospholipid. Neutral lipid fraction of red and purple pomegranate seed oil were 89 % and 91% respectively. Glycolipid fraction of red and purple pomegranate seed oil were 8 % and 5 %, whereas phosholipid fraction of red and purple pomegranate seed oil were 3 % and 4 %. The punicic acid content of total lipid of purple pomegranate seed oil (PPSO) (0-25%) was higher than red pomegranate (RPSO) (9-16%). On the contrary neutral lipid of red pomegranate showed higher punicic acid content (54-75%) than the purple pomegranate (14-55%). Glycolipid of red pomegranate contained punicic acid (0-42%). The punicic acid content of the phospholipid fraction of red pomegranate was higher (0-22 %) than the one of purple pomegranate (0-2%).Key words : fatty acid, pomegranate, Punica granatum, punicic acid, seed oil
Synthesis Octyl P-Methoxycinnamate as Sunblock by Transesterification Reaction with the Starting Material Ethyl P- Methoxycinnamate
Authors: Suzana Suzana , Irawati Nunuk , Budiati Tutuk 
Published: February 2018

Synthesis octyl p-methoxycinnamate substance as sunblock, has been done by transesterification reaction. The starting material of the reaction was ethyl p-methoxycinnamate isolated from Kaempferia galanga L.The transesterification reaction was carried out by reacting ethyl p-methoxycinnamate with octanol. The product was identified by UV-VIS,Infra Red and Mass Spectroscopy. The result of measurements on erythemic %T at various concentrations demonstrate that octyl p-methoxycinnamate is applicable as a sunblock compound.Keywords: octyl p-methoxycinnamate, transesterification, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, sunblock
Antiproliferative Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ciplukan Herbs (Physalis angulata L.) on 7,12-Dimethylbenz[A]Nthracene-Induced Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis
Authors: Monikawati Ameilinda , Farida Sofa , Putri Laras Widawaty , Ikhtiarsyah Yurista Gilang , Meiyanto Edy 
Published: February 2018

Physalis angulata L. is an annual herb widely used as popular medicine for the treatment of cancer. Physalis angulata L. ethanolic extract (PEE) has been demonstrated to have strong cytotoxic activity against breast cancer, inhibited cancer cell’s proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of PEE as a cancer chemopreventive agent on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]nthracene (DMBA)-induced rats mammary. The antiproliferative activity was characterized by monitoring the histopatology representation and expression of cell proliferation on DMBA-induced mammary rats that were treated with PEE against control groups. The histopatology representation were analyzed by Haematoksilin Eosin (HE) staining method, while proliferative activity was detected by AgNOR method. The HE staining results showed significant differences in cells morphology of treatment groups compared to the control groups. Thus results suggest that PEE was able to repair morphology of cells undergoing carcinogenesis. AgNOR method showed decreasing occurrence of black dots between treatment and control groups. Thus, we conclude that PEE has an antiproliferative activity on DMBA-induced rat mammary. Therefore, the ethanolic extract of Physalis angulata herbs is a potential chemopreventive agent on cancer. Further study on its molecular mechanism needs to be explored.Keywords: Physalis angulata, breast cancer, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]nthracene, carcinogenesis, antiproliferative
Combination of Leunca Herb Ethanolic Extract and Doxorubicin Suppresses HeLa Cells’ Growth
Authors: Sarmoko Sarmoko , Putri Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas , Puspitasari Endah , Anindyajati Anindyajati , Meiyanto Edy 
Published: February 2018

Leunca (Solanum nigrum L.)ethanolic extractshowedcytotoxic activity on several cancer cell lines (HepG2, HT-29) and showed anti-proliferative activityon MCF-7 cells. Its application as a combinationagent in chemotherapy will increase the effectivity and reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy. We predict that application of combinatorial chemotherapy in cancer treatment will be more effective and less toxic compared to single treatment. Our research aims to investigate the cytotoxic activitiy of leunca herbs ethanolic extract alone and in combination with doxorubicin on HeLa cell line. MTT assay was conducted to measure the growth inhibitory effect of leunca herbs ethanolic extract and combinatorial treatments. Leunca herb ethanolic extract (5, 50, 250 μg/ml) increased the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin compared to doxorubicin alone. The strongest cytotoxic activity resulted from the combination of 250 μg/ml leunca herbs ethanolic extract and 250 nM doxorubicin. Based on our results, leunca herbs ethanolic extract is a potential chemopreventive agent, while its molecular mechanism needs to be explored.Keywords : Leunca herbs ethanolic extract, doxorubicin, HeLa, MTT assay
Performance and thermal decomposition analysis of foaming agent NPL-10 for use in heavy oil recovery by steam injection
Authors: Zhao Fa-Jun , Wang Yun-Long , Song Jun , Ma Hai-Cheng , Liu Hao-Liang 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Foaming agents, despite holding potential in steam injection technology for heavy oil recovery, are still poorly investigated. In this work, we analyzed the performance of the foaming agent NPL-10 in terms of foam height and half-life under various conditions of temperature, pH, salinity, and oil content by orthogonal experiments. The best conditions of use for NPL-10 among those tested are T=220°C, pH 7, salinity 10000 mg·L–1 and oil content 10 g·L–1. Thermal decomposition of NPL-10 was also studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. NPL-10 decomposes above 220°C, and decomposition is a two-step process. The kinetic triplet (activation energy, kinetic function and pre-exponential factor) and the corresponding rate law were calculated for each step. Steps 1 and 2 follow kinetics of different order (n = 2 and ½, respectively). These findings provide some criteria for the selection of foaming agents for oil recovery by steam injection.
Structural and Functional Properties of Slowly Digestible Starch from Chinese Chestnut
Authors: Wen Xiaoyu , Zhao Yuan , Regenstein Joe M. , Wang Fengjun 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The structural and functional properties of slowly digestible starch (SDS) modified using pullulanase and prepared from chestnut starch were studied. The modified chestnut starches had 41.9 % SDS, which was higher than native chestnut starches (6.51 %) and cooked chestnut starches (18.6 %). The hydrolysis rate of the modified starches was 74.1 %. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the modified starch granules had a large surface area with signs of cracks and dents, and the cross-sections showed hollow internal structures. X-ray diffraction indicated that the crystallisation of the starch changed from the Cb-type to the V-type, although it retained a few C-type characteristics. Compared with native chestnut starch, the modified starches have a higher gelatinisation temperature using differential scanning calorimetry; and the texture profile analysis hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, and gumminess of modified starch gels decreased significantly, while adhesiveness increased. When debranched using pullulanase there was a decreased solubility, swelling power, and freeze-thaw stability of the modified starches. These findings suggest that pullulanase modification changed the in vitro digestibility and crystalline structure of the modified starches.
TGV-based multiplicative noise removal approach: Models and algorithms
Authors: Gao Yiming , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Total variation (TV) based models have been used widely in
multiplicative denoising problem. However, these models are always
accompanied by an unsatisfactory effect named staircase due to the
property of BV space. In this paper, we present two high-order
variational models based on total generalized variation (TGV) for
two kinds of multiplicative noises. The proposed models reduce the
staircase while preserving the edges. In the meantime we develop an
efficient algorithm which is called Prediction-Correction proximal
alternative direction method of multipliers (PADMM) to solve our
models. Moreover, we show the convergence of our algorithm under
certain conditions. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our
high-order models outperform the classical TV-based models in PSNR
and SSIM values.
Crystal structure of cesium beryllophosphate, Be3Cs2P4O14
Authors: Fang Wang , Yigang Chen 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Be3Cs2P4O14, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 15.0612(3) Å, b = 11.0386(2) Å, c = 15.5316(3) Å, V = 2582.19(8) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0229, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0594, T = 293(2) K.
Elemental Profile of Heavy Metals in Garden cress, Coriander, Lettuce and Spinach, Commonly Cultivated in Kahrizak, South of Tehran- Iran
Authors: Souri Mohammad Kazem , Alipanahi Neda , Hatamian Mansoure , Ahmadi Mohammad , Tesfamariam Tsehaye 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Heavy metal accumulation in vegetable tissues often poses a great risk for human health. In the present study, accumulation of heavy metal in green leafy vegetable crops of coriander, garden cress, lettuce and spinach were evaluated under waste water irrigation in fields located in Kahrizak, on the southern edge of the metropolitan city of Tehran, Iran. Atomic absorption spectrophotometery was used for determination of heavy metal concentrations in leaf tissue. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in soil and irrigation water were significantly high than allowable levels. Analysis of plant leaf tissue showed that spinach and garden cress accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to coriander and lettuce plants. Central leaves of lettuce showed the lowest heavy metal concentration compared to outer leaves or leaves of other vegetable crops, and can be the safer product for fresh consumption. The results indicate that the vegetables produced in the region are not suitable for fresh consumption and the agricultural activities should change towards ornamental or industrial crops production.
The validity of pain intensity measures: what do the NRS, VAS, VRS, and FPS-R measure?
Authors: Thong Ivan S. K. , Jensen Mark P. , Miró Jordi , Tan Gabriel 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background and aims:
The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), and Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) are valid measures of pain intensity. However, ratings on these measures may be influenced by factors other than pain intensity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of non-pain intensity factors on the pain intensity scales.

Methods:
We administered measures of pain intensity (NRS, VAS, VRS, FPS-R), pain unpleasantness, catastrophizing, depressive symptoms, and pain interference to 101 individuals with chronic lower back or knee pain. Correlation analyses examined the associations among the pain intensity scales, and regression analyses evaluated the contributions of the non-pain intensity factors (depressive symptoms, and pain unpleasantness, catastrophizing, and interference) to the VAS, VRS, and FPS-R ratings, while controlling for NRS, age, and gender.

Results:
Although the NRS, VAS, VRS, FPR-S, scales were strongly associated with one another, supporting their validity as measures of pain intensity, regression analyses showed that the VRS also reflected pain interference, the FPS-R also reflected pain unpleasantness, and the VAS was not associated with any of the additional non-pain intensity factors when controlling for NRS, age, and gender.

Conclusions:
The VAS appears to be most similar to the NRS and less influenced by non-pain intensity factors than the VRS or FPS-R. Although the VRS and FPS-R ratings both reflect pain intensity, they also contain additional information about pain interference and pain unpleasantness, respectively. These findings should be kept in mind when selecting pain measures and interpreting the results of research studies using these scales.

Implications:
The influence of pain interference and pain unpleasantness on VRS and FPS-R, respectively should be kept in mind when selecting pain measures and interpreting the results of research studies using these scales.
Regulation Through Litigation — Collective Redress in Need of a New Balance Between Individual Rights and Regulatory Objectives in Europe
Authors: Haar Brigitte 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The EU Collective Redress Recommendation has invited Member States to introduce collective redress mechanisms by July 26, 2015. The claim of the well-known reservations concerns the potentially abusive litigation and potential settlement of not well-founded claims resulting from controversial funding of cases by means of contingency fees and from “opt-out” class action procedures.
The Article posits that apart from that claim, at bottom there may be some danger that the European Commission and private interest-groups may try to pursue the enforcement of their regulatory agendas in this way at the expense of individual claimants’ interests. However, in contrast to the situation in the United States, the need to complement regulatory enforcement by collective action may not appear as strong because of the relatively strict regulatory control and enforcement, which may explain EU Member States’ longstanding reluctance to adopt collective proceedings due to their concern for plaintiffs’ individual rights. Therefore, a comparative analysis is carried out to see to what extent individual rights as opposed to regulatory goals are taken into account in the different newly revised systems in place across Europe.
As an interim result, the Dutch settlement procedure for mass damage claims, the English Group Litigation Order and the German test case procedure turn out to be relatively well-suited to dealing with mass damage claims. At the same time, none of them can quite reach an optimal balance between individual rights and regulatory goals and therefore each of them is subject to criticism. That is why the further question is raised as to how far these procedures could complement each other, thus contributing to the enforcement of individual rights without overregulating markets in Europe.
Towards Collaborative Governance of European Remedial and Procedural Law?
Authors: Cafaggi Fabrizio 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This Article examines consumer law enforcement in the EU. It shows how the effectiveness of collective and individual redress is intrinsically linked to the interplay between administrative and judicial enforcement and alternative dispute resolution (ADR). It addresses the trends and the contradictions of EU enforcement policies and their impact on national systems by looking at the role of general principles and fundamental rights, in particular Article 47 of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFR). It concludes with policy recommendations concerning how the various consumer enforcement mechanisms should be coordinated at the EU and national level to ensure comprehensive and effective protection in compliance with fundamental rights.
The Regime Politics Origins of Class Action Regulation
Authors: Barroilhet Agustín 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This Article highlights that when procedural rules are legislated and there is substantial coordination between the executive and legislative branches, procedures with potential structural impact are weighted against alternative means of policymaking and implementation. This makes many Continental law countries, parliamentary countries, and countries governed by solid national majorities with substantial control over elected branches, and in general places where power is less fragmented, less likely to encourage American-style class actions. This is manifested in legislative choices of a private enforcement regime for class actions, which, when allowed, is designed to be subordinate to or to piggyback on the enforcement of preexisting bureaucracies. The theory is illustrated with the enactment of class actions in Chile, which is a civil law country that has experimented with class actions since 2004.
Genomic Predictions and Genome-Wide Association Study of Resistance AgainstPiscirickettsia salmonisin Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Using ddRAD Sequencing
Authors: Barría Agustín , Christensen Kris A , Yoshida Grazyella M , Correa Katharina , Jedlicki Ana , Lhorente Jean P , Davidson William S , Yáñez José M 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPiscirickettsia salmonis is one of the main infectious diseases affecting coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) farming, and current treatments have been ineffective for the control of this disease. Genetic improvement for P. salmonis resistance has been proposed as a feasible alternative for the control of this infectious disease in farmed fish. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) strategies allow genotyping of hundreds of individuals with thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which can be used to perform genome wide association studies (GWAS) and predict genetic values using genome-wide information. We used double-digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to dissect the genetic architecture of resistance against P. salmonis in a farmed coho salmon population and to identify molecular markers associated with the trait. We also evaluated genomic selection (GS) models in order to determine the potential to accelerate the genetic improvement of this trait by means of using genome-wide molecular information. A total of 764 individuals from 33 full-sib families (17 highly resistant and 16 highly susceptible) were experimentally challenged against P. salmonis and their genotypes were assayed using ddRAD sequencing. A total of 9,389 SNPs markers were identified in the population. These markers were used to test genomic selection models and compare different GWAS methodologies for resistance measured as day of death (DD) and binary survival (BIN). Genomic selection models showed higher accuracies than the traditional pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP) method, for both DD and BIN. The models showed an improvement of up to 95% and 155% respectively over PBLUP. One SNP related with B-cell development was identified as a potential functional candidate associated with resistance to P. salmonis defined as DD.