bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Safety and Efficacy of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) versus Warfarin in Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Treatment: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hao Manwei , Wang Zhongchao , Gao Han , Gao Haicheng , Cheng Zhihua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to conduct a systematic evaluation of the comparative efficacy and safety profiles of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus warfarin for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT).
Methods: A systematic computerized search of databases including PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, EMbase, Cochrane Library and www.ClinicalTrials.gov. was performed to gather research on the efficacy and safety of NOACs versus warfarin in the treatment of DVT, encompassing all records from the inception of each database through September 2024. The discrete data were presented as odds ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the meta-analysis was executed utilizing the Review Manager 5.4.1 and Stata 16 software.
Results: A comprehensive analysis of 16 studies encompassing 10,084 patients was conducted, with 6,704 individuals in the experimental group receiving NOACs and 3,380 in the control group treated with warfarin. The findings are as follows:(1) NOACs demonstrated enhanced treatment efficacy over warfarin, particularly in achieving vascular patency (OR=1.57,95%CI (1.09,2.24), P=0.01). (2) Regarding the incidence of major bleeding events (OR=0.65,95% CI (0.54,0.78), P<0.00001), other clinical adverse events-including pulmonary embolism, mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction and recurrent thrombosis (OR=0.77,95% CI (0.67,0.88), P= 0.0002) and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) (OR=0.62,95% CI (0.47,0.80), P=0.0003), NOACs offered improved safety profiles in comparison to warfarin. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that the preventive efficacy of NOACs against PTS improves with longer follow-up periods(P=0.02).
Conclusion: NOACs have demonstrated superior efficacy and safety profiles in the treatment of DVT compared to traditional warfarin anticoagulant therapy.
Clinical trial registration
This project did not involve any clinical data collection; the data utilized were derived from articles published in PubMed.
Effectiveness of Machine Learning Methods in Detecting Grooming: A Systematic Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Leiva-Bianchi Marcelo , Castillo Nicolás , Astudillo César A. , Ahumada-Méndez Francisco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study presents a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) on the use of machine learning (ML) methods for detecting online grooming, a process of manipulation and sexual abuse towards children. An SR was conducted to identify and describe ML methods and effectiveness indicators for detecting grooming. From 26 studies obtained from IEEE, Web of Science, Scopus, Springer, and PubMed databases, 11 ML methods were meta-analyzed for each of the four reported indicators: accuracy (ACC), precision (P), recall (R), and F1 Score (F1). The most effective methods were Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), detecting an ACC=92% for MLP and R=72% for SVM, respectively. This study is pioneering in meta-analyzing ML methods applied to the effectiveness in detecting grooming. The results highlight the efficacy of certain algorithms and contribute to the identification of online predators. A crucial aspect of cybersecurity for preventing child sexual abuse.
The Main protease (Mpro) from SARS-CoV-2 triggers plasma clotting in vitro by activating coagulation factors VII and FXII
Authors: De Filippis Vincenzo , Pagotto Anna , Uliana Federico , Nordio Giulia , Pierangelini Andrea , Acquasaliente Laura , Macchia Maria Ludovica , Bellanda Massimo , Gatto Barbara , De Silvestro Giustina , Marson Piero , Simioni Paolo , Picotti Paola 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The connection between COVID-19 and coagulopathy has been clear since the early days of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Although available data indicate that systemic inflammation sustains a hypercoagulant state and increases thrombotic risk, the underlying molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 associated coagulopathy remain unclear. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) can play a direct role in the activation of the coagulation cascade. Adding Mpro to human plasma increased clotting probability by 2.5-fold. The results of enzymatic assays and degradomics analysis indicate that Mpro triggers plasma clotting by proteolytically activating coagulation factor zymogens VII and XII at their physiological activation sites, involving Arg-Ile/Val bonds, where FVII and FXII are strategically positioned at the beginning of the extrinsic or intrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. Even though the observed cleavage sites are not compatible with the known substrate specificity of the protease, involving Gln-X bonds, the results of High Throughput Protease Screen assay unveil an extended, time-dependent, secondary specificity of Mpro for Arg-X bonds, which was further confirmed by enzymatic assays with synthetic peptide substrates containing Arg at P1 position. Overall, integrating biochemical, proteomics and structural biology experiments, we unveil a novel, additional mechanism linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to thrombotic complications in COVID-19.
Effects of endophytic fungus Y118 on physiological and biochemical indexes and quality improvement of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC
Authors: XIE Zebi , FAN Rong , Lai Kaiping , LIANG Zining , Song Ning , Chen Long , Wu Chunfeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To understand the effects of endophytic fungus Y118 on the physiological characteristics of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC after co-culture with its host Zanthoxylum nitidum, we measured the plant growth index (dry root weight) of Zanthoxylum nitidum at different growth stages using the solid fermentation medium containing endophytic fungus Y118. Physiological and biochemical indexes (defensive enzyme activity) were determined by chromatographic analysis of the contents of nitidum chloride and chelidonine, the main active ingredients in Zanthoxylum nitidum root. At 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, the root dry weight of Y118 treatment group was significantly increased by 1123.53%, 51.08%, 56.40% and 47.12% compared with the control group, respectively. At the 3-month mark, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity exceeded that of the control. After 9 months of cultivation, peroxidase (POD) activity in the treatment group showed a significant difference at a 0.05 significant level. At the 3-month mark, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group, increasing by 187.21%. After 12 months of cultivation, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b significantly increased by 45.28% and 28.87%, respectively, compared with the control group. After 9 and 12 months of co-culture, the contents of nitidine chloride in Zanthoxylum nitidum in the Y118 treatment groups were 0.783 and 0.904 mg/g, respectively, showing a significant increase of 42.11% and 44.18% compared with the control group; the contents of chelidonine were significantly increased by 40.73% and 26.57% compared with the control group. Inoculation with the endophytic fungus Y118 significantly improved the physiological tolerance of Zanthoxylum nitidum and promoted the growth of Zanthoxylum nitidum, thereby enhancing the quality of Zanthoxylum nitidum. This implicates Y118 as a potential artificial fertilizer for Zanthoxylum nitidum.
Assessment of Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Indices of Heavy Metal Exposure in Different Age Groups using Monte Carlo Simulation Approach
Authors: Shetty B Raksha , B Jagadeesha Pai , A Salmataj S , Naik Nithesh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination in soil media presents significant environmental and health challenges. While concerns over these risks continue to grow, there remains a significant gap in the use of advanced probabilistic methods and geospatial analyses to accurately assess contamination levels and health impacts. This study evaluates contamination levels and health risks associated with eight heavy metals such as iron (Fe), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in urban soils. Surface soil samples were analyzed using ICP-OES after tri-acid digestion, and indices such as Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) were used to assess environmental impacts and health risks across age groups via oral ingestion and dermal contact. Results show heavy metal concentrations follow the order Ni > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > As > Cd, with more than 60% of samples demonstrating significant pollution levels. HQ values exceeded 1 in most samples, indicating substantial non-carcinogenic risks, while CR assessments revealed 33% of the population faces high risks from As exposure. Hotspots identified using geospatial analysis and Monte Carlo simulations highlight elevated carcinogenic risks, emphasizing the need for targeted remediation, especially for children, with a focus on Pb and As contamination.
Efficacy and Safety of Single and Double Catheter Intrathecal Drug Delivery Systems in Patients with Refractory Neck and Abdominal Cancer Pain
Authors: Li Qin , Wang Huaiming , Li Qiju , Xu Maoxia , Zhong Bo , Hu Xin , Zou Jiang , Feng Pengjiu , Zhang Aimin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To compare the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of double-catheter intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) versus single-catheter IDDS in the management cancer pain associated with neck and abdominal cancers.
Study Design:
A multi-center retrospective cohort study.
Setting:
Pain management and medical oncology departments of six hospitals in various regions of China.
Methods
62 patients with neck or abdominal cancer pain were enrolled from November 2019 to June 2024. Patients were divided into two groups: the double-catheter IDDS group (n = 26) and the single-catheter IDDS groups (n = 36). Propensity score matching was employed to create a balanced cohort of 48 patients. The primary outcome was pain control, assessed using Numeric Rating Scale [NRS]), breakthrough pain (BTP), and opioid consumption, including intrathecal morphine dose [IDMED] and oral daily morphine dose [ODMED].
Results
No significant differences were observed in the NRS score and IDMED between the double-catheter and single-catheter groups prior to surgery, one day post-surgery, and at hospital discharge (p > 0.05). However, one-month post-surgery, the NRS score was significantly lower in the double-catheter group compared to the single-catheter group, while the IDMED was significantly higher compared to the single-catheter group (p < 0.05). A significantly higher number of BTP episodes and ODMED was observed in the single-catheter group compared to the two-catheter group at one day post-surgery, at hospital discharge, and one-month post-surgery (p < 0.05). The duration of hospitalization did not differ significantly between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, the cumulative hospitalization expenses, IDDS opioid costs per month, and refill costs calculated for a month were significantly higher in the double-catheter group compared to the single-catheter group. Conversely, the monthly oral opioid costs and total costs of analgesic were significantly lower in comparison to the single-catheter group (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Both single- and double-catheter IDDS effectively manage cancer pain in neck and abdominal cancer patients. Despite higher initial costs, double-catheter IDDS demonstrates superior long-term pain control, a reduced incidence of BTP, and lower overall monthly analgesic costs, suggesting potential cost-effectiveness benefits over time.
Combined treatment of Surgical Extrusion and Crown Lengthening Procedure for Severe Crown-root Fracture of a Growing Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Bumjoon , Shin Jonghyun , Jeong Taesung , Park Soyoung , Lee Eungyung 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Preservation of a healthy periodontium is critical for the long-term success of restored teeth. In cases of extensive caries, tooth fracture, inadequate crown length, and increased esthetic demands, the restorative margins need to be placed apical to the gingival margin. Violation of the biological width due to dental trauma frequently appears in clinical practice. There are three treatment options for preserving biological width and the ferrule effect: crown lengthening, orthodontic extrusion, and surgical extrusion. This case report describes the surgical intervention and fixed prostheses for crown-root fractured maxillary incisors in a growing patient.
Case presentation
A fourteen-year-old boy was referred from Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry after emergency dental treatment. He got hit with a baseball bat and his upper right central and lateral incisors were fractured with pulp exposure. A vertical fracture line extended below gingival margin on each tooth was observed. Surgical extrusion and conventional root canal treatments were performed on both fractured teeth. Surgical crown lengthening was additionally done to preserve the biological width and to make sure of the ferrule effect. Then, these teeth were finally restored with porcelain fused metal crowns.
Conclusions
Surgical extrusion and crown lengthening may be considered the most effective treatments to save the teeth instead of coronectomy or extraction for severely fractured teeth. The case described here showed satisfactory esthetic and periodontal outcomes during two years of follow-up, and the patient was satisfied that he could retain his natural teeth.
COVID-19–Sensitive Tumour Response – 2-year Assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 Humoral Response in Cancer Patients in Oncology Hospital in Poland
Authors: Kosiorek Piotr , Mikołuć Bożena , Stróż Samuel , Hryniewicz Anna , Kazberuk Dorota E. , Milewski Robert , Grzeszczuk Anna , Borkowska Magdalena J. , Stasiak-Barmuta Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Vaccination has been considered the most crucial defence against viral infection, including SARS-CoV-2. Numerous reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of the above vaccines in oncology patients. It has also been proven that, apart from vaccinations and oncological therapy, the course of the cancer process itself influences the magnitude of the humoral response, especially in people after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The phenomenon we observe seems to confirm the presence of a "natural" defence potential in a cancer patient's body, in this case, directed against infection with a viral pathogen. A "stronger" antiviral response also explains the asymptomatic course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in some of the above patients. To what extent the SARS-CoV-2 infection weakened the "natural" potential of the anticancer response in these patients remains an open question. Objective: This study aimed to answer the question about the impact of the cancer process on the humoral response in oncological patients vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 infection and in patients after COVID-19. Material and methods: 1,668 people were observed. Over two years, 5,082 SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibody samples were determined. The concentration of antibodies was assessed in groups of oncological patients: those undergoing anticancer therapy after contracting COVID-19 and those after vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: The obtained results indicate a naturally more significant humoral response in oncological patients who have not been vaccinated and have not undergone anticancer therapy, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or surgical intervention. The above observation applies to patients with breast, lung, colon, kidney and testicular cancer, although the response varies significantly depending on the type of cancer.
Implementation and sustainability of systems change for mental health promotion and substance misuse prevention: A qualitative study
Authors: Burns Ashlyn , Kampman Haleigh , Magee Lauren , Blackburn Justin , Alton Madison , Pescosolido Bernice 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Social determinants of health have been shown to influence individual mental health and overall well-being. Additionally, populations that experience stigma and/or discrimination because of race, class, gender, or another identity group experience disproportionately higher rates of mental health disorders than populations that do not experience such marginalization. One way to address upstream social determinants that influence mental health is through systems change initiatives. In 2019, Indiana implemented a statewide Regional Prevention System (RPS) focused on systems change to promote mental health and prevent substance misuse.
Methods
We developed a semi-structured interview guide to collect insights about the RPS implementation and sustainability. Potential participants were identified based on their role as an active regional coordinator (n = 9). We conducted qualitative interviews with all 9 regional coordinators in Indiana. Interview recordings were transcribed and coded using an a priori coding framework based on constructs from the Theory of Innovation Implementation and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.
Results
Insights about the RPS implementation process are presented across four domains: innovation, system-level, organization-level, and sustainability. In terms of implementation barriers, coordinators encountered hesitancy and distrust from community members, which they had to overcome to gain buy-in. They also described stigma, including community and individual social norms towards mental health and substance misuse, as barriers that challenged efforts to engage community members in the RPS. Facilitators of implementation included having established community infrastructure and external partnerships. In communities without existing infrastructure to support prevention efforts, particularly rural communities, the implementation process took longer but community members welcomed the additional support and valued the new communication platforms created by the RPS. On sustainability, coordinators provided examples of communities that were able to obtain grant funding in support of prevention initiatives launched through the RPS.
Conclusion
The process of implementing and sustaining prevention efforts through the RPS varied across communities. Prioritizing the delivery of systems-change efforts in underserved communities that are ready for change, rather than statewide efforts, may offer a better strategy for addressing disparities in the social determinants of health that influence mental health and substance misuse.
Severe falciparum malaria in young children is associated with an increased risk of post-discharge readmission or death: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Opoka Robert O , Namazzi Ruth , Datta Dibyadyuti , Bangirana Paul , Conroy Andrea L. , Goings Michael J. , Mellencamp Kagan A. , John Chandy C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Few studies have described post-discharge morbidity of children with specific manifestations of severe malaria (SM) beyond severe malarial anemia or cerebral malaria.
Methods: Children 6 months to 4 years of age admitted at Jinja and Mulago hospitals in Uganda, with one or more of the five most common manifestations of SM, cerebral malaria (n=53), respiratory distress syndrome (n=108), malaria with complicated seizures (n=160), severe malarial anemia (n=155) or prostration (n=75), were followed for 12 months after discharge, along with community children (CC) (n=120) recruited from the household or neighborhood of the children with SM. Incidence and risk of post-discharge readmission, death or outpatient clinic visits were compared between children with SM and CC.
Results: 312/551 (56.6%) of children with SM had one or more post-discharge readmission, compared to 37/120 (30.8%, p<0.001) of CC. Frequency of readmission was similar across all forms of SM. Compared to CC, children with SM had significantly higher risk of post-discharge readmission or death (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51-2.81, p<0.001), but a similar risk of outpatient malaria (aHR 1.30, 95% CI 0.97-1.74, p=0.08). 82% of readmissions in children with SM were due to malaria.
Conclusions: In this malaria endemic region, children with the most common forms of SM had higher rates of post-discharge readmission or death than CC, and >80% of readmissions were due to malaria. Studies of post-discharge malaria chemoprevention are urgently needed for children with SM, to determine if this treatment can reduce post-discharge morbidity and mortality.
Pragmatic investigation of the effect of green and low-carbon economy on food safety in Africa.
Authors: Endorance Igharo Amechi , Ekene Ibe Anthony , Al-Faryan Abdulaziz Seleh , Kimpah Jeniboy , Okoi Ifere Eugene , Ovat Okey Oyama , Caulker Solomon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This research investigates how food safety in Africa is influenced by a green economy. The study used information from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA), and World Development Indicators to accomplish the set goal. The data covered the period 2005–2020 for 37 African countries. The generalized method of moments (GMM) was used in the study to address the endogeneity issue. The results revealed that when the economy is green, food safety increases. This proves that a one-point increase in the green economy may lead to an increase in food safety in Africa of 0.24%. - The results show that; as an economy becomes greener, the state of food insecurity decreases. In conclusion, the study capitulates that all relevant participants must focus on strategies and policies to reach green economic growth. This is key because such policies lead to environmental sustainability (reduction in biodiversity loss) causing agriculture to flourish and thereby enlightening the state of food safety.
Preparation of recycled cellulose-polyvinyl alcohol reinforced co-blended fibers based on waste cotton
Authors: Wang Linlin , Zhao Hui , Meng Lili , Liu Menglei , Jia Lixia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In order to achieve sustainable development of resources and reduce environmental pollution, it is particularly important to accelerate the use of renewable resources. Cellulose is an abundant renewable resource with biocompatible, degradable and recyclable characteristics. In order to further improve the utilization of cellulose, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl)/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used to dissolve and recover cellulose from waste cotton, and regenerated cellulose (RCF) and regenerated cellulose-poly(vinyl alcohol) blended fibres (RCF/PVA) were prepared by wet spinning technology, and the pigments extracted from Pu-erh Tea were used for dyeing performance investigation of RCF/PVA. The dyeing performance of RCF/PVA was investigated. The experiments showed that, compared with RCF, the strength of RCF/PVA with 15 % PVA was improved, and the residual carbon at 700 ℃ of thermal decomposition was reduced from 21.4 % to 0.1 %. With the increase of polyvinyl alcohol content, RCF/PVA has better dyeing effect than pure cellulose regenerated fibre on the natural pigment extracted from Pu-erh tea, and the preparation of RCF/PVA provides a new way of researching new composite fibre materials.