bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Tool for Nutrient Analysis of Pea Seeds
Authors: Bamrah Ramandeep K. , Vijayan Perumal , Karunakaran Chithra , Muir David , Hallin Emil , Stobbs Jarvis , Goetz Barry , Nickerson Michael , Tanino Karen , Warkentin Thomas D. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis research was conducted to evaluate the utility and reliability of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy to analyze macro‐ (K and Ca) and micronutrients (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se) in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. The pea seed samples were ground into flour and pelleted to collect the XRF spectra. Seventy‐three pea seed samples were selected to cover the expected concentration ranges for each element to develop calibration curves by correlating the XRF results with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The XRF results were validated by a systematic comparison of data obtained from AAS on a set of 80 additional and independent pea seed samples. Element concentrations were also predicted using the fundamental parameter approach collectively for 153 samples. For all the calibration curves, the R2 value was >0.8, except for K (0.54). For Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se, the XRF predictions were similar to AAS measurements at a 95% confidence level. Similar results were obtained with the fundamental parameter approach except for Fe for which significant bias of ∼6 mg kg−1 was calculated. Except for K, R value for all the validation curves was >0.85. Thus, the results obtained using XRF and the fundamental parameter approach were statistically not different from the AAS method. This study demonstrated that the XRF technique is a fast and reliable, nondestructive, and noninvasive analytical tool for mineral analysis, particularly for transition metals, does not produce waste, and requires no chemical reagents.
Electrical Resistivity of a Partially Saturated Porous Medium at Subzero Temperatures
Authors: Herring Teddi , Cey Edwin , Pidlisecky Adam 
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas
We collected resistivity data at a range of temperatures and initial saturations.
Archie's equation was modified to include temperature dependence below 0°C.
Bulk resistivity was used to estimate unfrozen water content and fluid resistivity.
At subzero temperatures, unfrozen water content is independent of initial saturation.
Ion exclusion from ice explains the dependence of resistivity on initial saturation.
Electrical resistivity tomography has been used in many frozen ground applications to delineate frozen and unfrozen areas of the subsurface and monitor changes with time. In these studies, the amount of unfrozen water remaining in the pore space at subzero temperatures is often a parameter of interest. To interpret resistivity data quantitatively in terms of unfrozen water content, it is necessary to establish a relationship between bulk resistivity, subzero temperature, and liquid water saturation. In the literature, a consensus has not been reached on the form of this relationship, and a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling the resistivity of frozen ground is needed. This study used a unique laboratory apparatus to collect electrical resistivity tomography data for a uniform porous medium at temperatures from −20 to 25°C for a range of initial water saturations. Archie's equation was modified to include the effects of temperature above and below 0°C. Resistivity data collected below 0°C were used to estimate temperature‐dependent liquid water saturation and fluid resistivity. The amount of unfrozen water remaining at a given temperature was not related to initial water saturation and was nearly identical for all initial saturations at temperatures below about −5°C. The dependence of resistivity–temperature curves on initial water saturation at subzero temperatures was caused by differences in fluid resistivity as a result of ion exclusion during freezing. The relationships established in this study provide insight into the physical mechanisms that govern the resistivity of porous media at subzero temperatures and a starting point for quantitative analysis of resistivity data collected in frozen ground.
Insulinoma Case Admitted with Reactive Hypoglycemia Symptoms
Authors: Koca Nizameddin , Cander Soner , Gul Ozen Oz , Uğraş Nesrin 
Published: September 2019

Aim::
To present an insulinoma case with post-prandial hypoglycemic symptoms associated
with glucose inducible endogenous hyperinsulinemia.

Case::
A 52-year-old female patient was evaluated for hypoglycemic symptoms especially those occuring
within 3 hours after consuming sugary foods. These symptoms were persistent for a year and a half.
She was diagnosed with reactive (post-prandial) syndrome and followed a recommended diet and was
given acarbose but there was no improvement. The results suggested post-prandial endogenous hyperinsulinemia
related hypoglycemia. Multiphasic computerized tomography revealed an 11x15x12 mm size
mass lesion, anteriorly in the head and uncinate process of the pancreas and then the patients were
treated surgically with pancreatic enucleation and cured.

Conclusion::
Distinguishing post-prandial syndrome by careful history and clinical evaluation in patients
with postprandial symptoms is of great importance in terms of cost-effectivity. However, it should
not be forgotten that although organic pathologies are mostly presented with fasting hypoglycemia, they
may also cause post-prandial symptoms. Severity and progression of the symptoms that point to neuroglycopenia
is important, and in this condition the most convenient clinical approach to the patient
should be performed with careful and appropriate assessment steps.
The Effect of Casein Kinase 2 Inhibition on three Leukemic Cell Lines
Authors: Horvat Luka , Antica Mariastefania , Matulić Maja 
Published: September 2019

Background::
Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that coregulates a great
number of signalling pathways in the cell. It is involved in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation,
apoptosis, DNA damage response and gene transcription. Its substrates are numerous kinases
and transcription factors. It was found to be upregulated in different tumours, and certain types of
leukaemia are very sensitive to its inhibition.

Objective::
We analysed the effects of casein kinase 2 inhibition on three leukaemia cell lines of B
and T cell origin: Jurkat, a T cell line, CLL, a chronic B lymphocytic leukaemia cell line and 697, a
pre-B acute lymphocytic leukaemia cell line. Besides cell proliferation and cytotoxicity analysis, the
aim was to investigate the influence of CK2 inhibition on elements of the Notch signalling pathway.
Notch signalling has an important role in blood cell differentiation, and CK2 regulates Ikaros, a
tumour suppressor interfering with Notch signalling

Methods::
and T leukaemia cells were treated with different concentrations of the CK2 inhibitor,
CX-4945, for 6 days, and cell viability and proliferation were determined by Trypan Blue Exclusion
Method. Analysis of gene expression was performed by RT-qPCR.

Results::
All three cell lines were sensitive to CK2 inhibition and among them, 697 cells had two
times lower IC50. In Jurkat and CLL cells changes in c-Myc and Notch pathway gene expression
were found.

Conclusion::
As CK2 is involved in numerous signalling circuits, we concluded that each cell type
could have a cell-specific response in gene expression.
An In Silico Immunogenicity Analysis for PbHRH: An Antiangiogenic Peptibody by Fusing HRH Peptide and Human IgG1 Fc Fragment
Authors: Ning Lin , Huang Jiang , He Bifang , Kang Juanjuan 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Peptibodies, the hybrid of peptides and antibodies, represent a novel
strategy in therapeutic use. Previously, we computationally designed an antiangiogenic peptibody
PbHRH, which fused the HRH peptide with angiogenesis-suppressing effect and human IgG1 Fc
fragment using Romiplostim as template. Molecular modeling and simulation results indicated that
it would be a potential drug for the treatment of those angiogenesis related pathological disorders.
However, its immunogenicity is not known.

Methods:
Several bioinformatics tools are used to predict the potential epitopes for the evaluation
of the immunogenicity of PbHRH. Romiplostim is set as the control. IEDB-recommended method
is used in MHC-I and MHC-II binding prediction, and the IEDB web server
(http://tools.iedb.org/immunogenicity/) is used to determine the MHC-I immunogenicity of each
peptide.

Results:
In this work, some peptides are predicted to have the potential ability to bind to MHC-I
and MHC-II molecules both in PbHRH and Romiplostim as the potential epitopes. Most of these
selected peptides are exactly the same. Allele frequency analysis shows a low population
distribution. Combined with the analysis of MHC-I immunogenicity prediction, both HRH and
PbHRH show low immunogenicity.

Conclusion:
Some potential epitopes which could bind to both MHC-I and MHC-II molecules
are predicted using bioinformatics tools. The comparative analysis with Romiplostim and the
results of MHC-I immunogenicity prediction indicate the low immunogenicity of both HRH and
PbHRH. Thus, we form a strategy to evaluate the immunogenicity of peptibodies for the future
improvement.
Protective Effects of TRPV1 Activation Against Cardiac Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury is Blunted by Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Zhong Beihua , Ma Shuangtao , Wang Donna H. 
Published: September 2019

Background:Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Subtype 1 (TRPV1) channels protects the heart from Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury through releasing Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) and Substance P (SP). The current study aimed to study the cardioprotective effects of TRPV1 in obesity.Methods:TRPV1 gene knockout (TRPV1-/-) and Wild-Type (WT) mice were Fed a High-Fat Diet (HFD) or a control diet or for 20 weeks, and then the hearts were collected for I/R injury ex vivo. The hearts were mounted on a Langendorff apparatus and subjected to ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion (40 min) after incubated with capsaicin (10 nmol/L), CGRP (0.1 μmol/L) and SP (0.1 μmol/L). Then, Coronary Flow (CF), left ventricular peak positive dP/dt (+dP/dt), Left Ventricular Developed Pressure (LVDP) and Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure (LVEDP) were measured.Results:HFD intake remarkably reduced CF, +dP/dt and LVDP and elevated LVEDP in both strains (P<0.05). Treatment with capsaicin decreased infarct size, increased CF, +dP/dt and LVDP, and decreased LVEDP in WT mice on control diet (P<0.05), but did not do so in other three groups. Treatment with CGRP and SP decreased infarct size in both strains fed with control diet (P<0.05). In contrast, not all the parameters of cardiac postischemic recovery in HFD-fed WT and TRPV1-/- mice were improved by CGRP and SP.Conclusions:These results suggest that HFD intake impairs cardiac postischemic recovery. HFDinduced impairment of recovery is alleviated by CGRP in both strains and by SP only in TRPV1-/- mice, indicating that the effects of CGRP and SP are differentially regulated during HFD intake.
Modulation of Hematological Indices of Normal and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rabbits by Aqueous Extract of Pleurotus tuberregium Sclerotia
Authors: Onuekwuzu Ifeanacho M. , Chidinma Ikewuchi C. , Chigozie Ikewuchi J. 
Published: September 2019

Objective::
The ability of an aqueous extract of the sclerotia of Pleurotus tuberregium to
modulate hematological parameters was investigated in normal and alloxan treated rabbits.

Methods::
The extract was subjected to atomic absorption spectrophotometric and flame ionization
detector-coupled-gas chromatographic (GC-FID) analysis. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a 120
mg/kg body weight intravenous injection of alloxan. Metformin was orally administered at 50 mg/kg,
while the extract was administered (both to normal and diabetic rabbits) at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg.

Results::
Analysis of the extract showed that it had high contents of calcium, magnesium, manganese
and potassium. Eleven known glycosides were detected, comprising mainly of amygdalin (37.7%),
digoxin (14.4%), dhurrin (14.0%), linamarin (13.6%), prunasin (10.8%) and digitoxin (8.4%). Also
detected were twelve known saponins, consisting mainly of sapogenin (40.3%) and neochlorogenin
(21.8%); and twelve known lignans, consisting mainly of matairesinol (59.7%), secoisolariciresinol
(20.9%) and lariciresinol (14.9%). Compared to the Diabetic control, the hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration,
mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, red
cell distribution width; and red cell, total white cell, lymphocytes, granulocytes and platelet counts of
the treated groups were significantly (p<0.05) higher.

Conclusion::
The above result showed that the extract had a positive effect on the hemopoietic system
of the treated animals, at least at the doses at which it was administered in this study.
A Procedural Excursion of Micro Needles for Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Anand Pankaj , Tripathi Neeraj 
Published: September 2019

Background:
MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical System) has many applications in various fields.

Objective:
Development and fabrication of micro needle for biomedical application is one of that area.

Method:
Application of micro to nano-scale technology in fabrication process, yields wide range of
progress and produces micro mechanical devices, which provide easy transport of biological fluids into
or away from living body with less effort or pain.

Conclusion:
This paper presents the excursion of solid to hollow micro needles, considering their
shapes, materials, with different fabrication processes. This survey discusses the application on specific
body parts and drug delivery systems. Our paper suggests that hollow tubes are most effective design
for application.
Theoretical Explanation of Warm and Cold Gastric Dystemperament in Iranian Traditional Medicine :A Hybrid Concept Analysis
Authors: Zareiyan Armin , Parsa Elham , Khodadoost Mahmood , Mojahedi Morteza , Yaghmaei Farideh , Vaghasloo Mahdi Alizahed , Jafari Parisa , Hakimi Fatemeh 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Gastrointestinal diseases are a major source of mortality and impose high cost in the United States. The stomach is a hollow muscular bag which begins the second stage of digestion. The whole consumed food first passes through this organ, so it is the most important part of the digestive system .Traditional and complementary medicine have always been considered for the selection of new therapies. Iranian traditional medicine is one of the traditional medicine systems whose history dates back to thousands of years ago. In the ITM scientific field which is based on temperament (Mizaj), the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, is of particular importance.

Objective:
This study is aimed at understanding the concept using the qualitative method and hybrid concept analysis, which collect qualitative data.

Method:
This study investigates the stomach-related concepts by studying the books and reviewing the views of the professors and experts in this field and patients' experiences.

Results:
The concept of cold and warm gastric dystemperament was extracted. After the implementation and review of the interview with ITM professors and experts, this concept were out reached.

Conclusion:
In this study, the concept of cold and warm gastric dystemperaments has been gathered from Iranian traditional medicine books and the opinions of experts and patients' experiences so that we could offer it as an acceptable questionnaire in the future by investigating its validity and reliability for quick and better diagnosis of gastric dystemperaments.
Dimensionality Reduction Techniques for IoT Based Data
Authors: Tomar Dimpal , Tomar Pradeep 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role by connecting several heterogeneous
devices seamlessly via the Internet through new services. Every second, the scale of IoT
keeps on increasing in various sectors like smart home, smart city, health, smart transportation and
so on. Therefore, IoT becomes the reason for the massive rise in the volume of data which is computationally
difficult to work out on such a huge amount of heterogeneous data. This high dimensionality
in data has become a challenge for data mining and machine learning. Hence, with respect
to efficiency and effectiveness, dimensionality reduction techniques show the roadmap to resolve
this issue by removing redundant, irrelevant and noisy data, making the learning process faster with
respect to computation time and accuracy.

Methods:
In this study, we provide a broad overview on advanced dimensionality reduction techniques
to facilitate selection of required features necessary for IoT based data analytics and for machine
learning on the basis of criterion measure, training dataset and inspired by soft computation
technology followed by significant challenges of dimensionality reduction techniques for IoT generated
data that exists as scalability, streaming datasets and features, stability and sustainability.

Results and Conclusion:
In this survey, the various dimensionality reduction algorithms reviewed delivers
the essential information in order to recommend the future prospect to resolve the current
challenges in the use of dimensionality reduction techniques for IoT data. In addition, we highlight
the comparative study of various methods and algorithms with respect to certain factors along with
their pros and cons.
Plasma Galactose-Deficient IgA1 and C3 and CKD Progression in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Chen Pei , Yu Guizhen , Zhang Xue , Xie Xinfang , Wang Jinwei , Shi Sufang , Liu Lijun , Lv Jicheng , Zhang Hong 
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives
Increased circulating galactose-deficient IgA1 and subsequently complement activation both play important roles in the pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy. However, their relationship to disease severity and progression remains unclear.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We assessed 1210 participants in a cohort study of biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy at Peking University First Hospital. Plasma concentrations of galactose-deficient IgA1 and complement component C3 were measured at the time of biopsy. We tested associations of galactose-deficient IgA1 and galactose-deficient IgA1/C3 ratio with CKD progression event, defined as ESKD or 50% decline in eGFR, using Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines.

Results
After a median follow-up of 43 months (interquartile range, 24–76 months), 172 (14%) participants reached the CKD progression event. The association of galactose-deficient IgA1 levels and CKD progression event showed a nonlinear relationship. The risk of CKD progression events was greater with higher plasma galactose-deficient IgA1 levels but reached a plateau when galactose-deficient IgA1>325 U/ml, whereas the risk of CKD progression events monotonically increased with higher galactose-deficient IgA1/C3 ratio. After adjustment for traditional risk factors (demographics, eGFR, proteinuria, hypertension, Oxford pathologic score, and corticosteroids/immunosuppressive therapy), higher levels of galactose-deficient IgA1/C3 ratio were independently associated with CKD progression event (per natural log-transformed [galactose-deficient IgA1/C3], hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.25 to 3.29; P=0.004). In reference to the first quartile of the galactose-deficient IgA1/C3 ratio, hazard ratios were 1.71 (95% CI, 1.01 to 2.89) for the second quartile, 1.55 (95% CI, 0.91 to 2.63) for the third quartile, and 2.17 (95% CI, 1.33 to 3.56) for the fourth quartile.

Conclusions
In IgA nephropathy, plasma galactose-deficient IgA1/C3 ratio was associated with CKD progression event independent of clinical and biopsy characteristics.
A A RAPID AND SENSITIVE RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF EMPAGLIFLOZIN IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: BASAK MADHURIMA , Gouru Santhosh Reddy , Bera Animesh , Nagappan Krishna veni 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The present study aims at developing an accurate precise, rapid and sensitive Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for assessing Empagliflozin in bulk drug and in the pharmaceutical dosage form.
Methods: The proposed method employs a Reverse Phase Shim Pack C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm id; 5 µm) using a mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile and water in the ratio of 60:40 v/v flushed at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The eluents were monitored at 223 nm.
Results: Empagliflozin was eluted at a retention time of 5.417 min and established a co-relation co-efficient (R2>0.999) over a concentration ranging from 0.0495-100µg/ml. Percentage recovery was obtained between 98-102% which indicated that the method is accurate. The Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) were found at 0.0125µg/ml and 0.0495µg/ml, respectively.
Conclusion: An RP-HPLC method which was relatively simple, accurate, rapid and precise was developed and its validation was performed for the quantitative analysis of empagliflozin in bulk and tablet dosage form (10 and 25 mg) in accordance to International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) Q2 (R1) guidelines. The proposed method may aid in routinely analyzing empagliflozin in pharmaceuticals.
DETERMINATION OF AMINO ACIDS AND SUGARS CONTENT IN ANTENNARIA DIOICA GAERTN
Authors: SLOBODIANIUK LIUDMYLA , BUDNIAK LILIIA , MARCHYSHYN SVITLANA , BASARABA ROXOLANA 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The purpose of our study was to determine sugars and amino acids content of Antennaria dioica Gaertn. herb. In continuation of the investigation of biologically active substances from Antennaria dioica Gaertn., it advisable to study the qualitative composition and quantitative contents of sugars and amino acids from the herb of this plant.
Methods: The herb of Antennaria dioica Gaertn. was analyzed for the content of sugars by GC/MS. The amino acids were identified and quantified by HPLC method.
Results: The results of GC/MS analysis showed that in Antennaria dioica Gaertn. herb D-glucose had the highest content (7.16±0.09) mg/g, followed by D-fructose (5.27±0.06) mg/g and D-saccharose (6.72±0.08) mg/g. In the raw material a large amount of monosaccharides derivative–Myo-inositol was revealed, a content of which was (2.12±0.06) mg/g. We determined 17 bound and 16 free amino acids in the Antennaria dioica Gaertn. by HPLC method.
Conclusion: The contents of primary metabolites provide opportunities for creating medicine and food supplements. The results show that Antennaria dioica Gaertn. is a rich source of these important biologically active substances. The resulting data will be used with the further purpose to produce new drugs of natural origin.