bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tradeoffs in US dairy manure greenhouse gas emissions, productivity, climate, and manure management strategies
Authors: Niles Meredith T , Wiltshire Serge 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The United States is the largest supplier of dairy products globally, making it an important focus for environmental, economic, and societal outcomes. Increasingly greenhouse gases (GHGs) have become an area of focus for the industry, as industry groups have set their own goals to improve environmental impacts. A significant portion of dairy GHG emissions come from manure management, which can vary considerably by farm and region. Here we explore how the adoption and use of six common manure management strategies (MMS) have changed over a recent 12-year period, and how this relates to milk production, climate, and manure GHGs. Using data from the United States Department of Agriculture, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration across all fifty states, we find that overall US dairy manure management GHG emission intensity (CO2e per kg of milk produced) has increased 18% between 2003 and 2014, which is associated with an increase in adoption of liquid and anaerobic MMS. However, we also find that these systems are positively associated with higher productivity: nationally, total milk production grew by 21.0%, while the cow herd inventory grew by just 1.9%, an increase of 18.7% in per-cow milk production over the study period. We find clear regional adoption of certain kinds of MMS, which relate in many cases to temperature and rainfall. We discuss why these shifts may have occurred as a result of economic and policy drivers, including the shift towards these MMS for compliance with new water quality policies in the past decade, highlighting the tradeoffs that exist in on-farm decision-making. We provide some potential strategies to reduce GHG emissions in these systems while simultaneously considering water quality and other potential tradeoffs. We suggest that transitioning to some of these strategies requires additional research to better understand farmer decision-making as it relates to MMS, a currently understudied topic.
Status of materials and device modelling for kesterite solar cells
Authors: Hood Samantha N , Walsh Aron , Persson Clas , Iordanidou Konstantina , Huang Dan , Kumar Mukesh , Jehl Zacharie , Courel Maykel , Lauwaert Johan , Lee Sanghyun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Kesterite semiconductors, derived from the mineral Cu2(Zn,Fe)SnS4, adopt superstructures of the zincblende archetype. This family of semiconductors is chemically flexible with the possibility to tune the physical properties over a large range by modifying the chemical composition, while preserving the same structural backbone. In the simplest case, three metals (e.g. Cu, Zn and Sn) occupy the cation sublattice, which gives rise to a range of competing orderings (polymorphs) and the possibility for order–disorder transitions. The rich physics of the sulphide, selenide, and mixed-anion materials make them attractive for computer simulations in order to provide deeper insights and to direct experiments to the most promising material combinations and processing regimes. This topical review assesses the status of first-principles electronic structure calculations, optical modelling, and photovoltaic device simulations of kesterite semiconductors. Recent progress is discussed, and immediate challenges are outlined, in particular towards overcoming the voltage deficit in Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells.
Normal subgroups of mapping class groups and the metaconjecture of Ivanov
Authors: Brendle Tara , Margalit Dan 
Published: June 2019

We prove that if a normal subgroup of the extended mapping class group of a closed surface has an element of sufficiently small support, then its automorphism group and abstract commensurator group are both isomorphic to the extended mapping class group. The proof relies on another theorem we prove, which states that many simplicial complexes associated to a closed surface have automorphism group isomorphic to the extended mapping class group. These results resolve the metaconjecture of N. V. Ivanov, which asserts that any “sufficiently rich” object associated to a surface has automorphism group isomorphic to the extended mapping class group, for a broad class of such objects. As applications, we show: (1) right-angled Artin groups and surface groups cannot be isomorphic to normal subgroups of mapping class groups containing elements of small support, (2) normal subgroups of distinct mapping class groups cannot be isomorphic if they both have elements of small support, and (3) distinct normal subgroups of the mapping class group with elements of small support are not isomorphic. Our results also suggest a new framework for the classification of normal subgroups of the mapping class group.
Cortex cell hydraulic conductivity, endodermal apoplastic barriers and root hydraulics change in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in response to a low supply of N and P
Authors: Armand Thomas , Cullen Michelle , Boiziot Florentin , Li Lingyu , Fricke Wieland 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundMineral nutrient limitation affects the water flow through plants. We wanted to test on barley whether any change in root-to-shoot ratio in response to low supply of nitrogen and phosphate is accompanied by changes in root and cell hydraulic properties and involves changes in aquaporin (AQP) gene expression and root apoplastic barriers (suberin lamellae, Casparian bands).MethodsPlants were grown hydroponically on complete nutrient solution or on solution containing only 3.3 % or 2.5 % of the control level of nutrient. Plants were analysed when they were 14–18 d old.ResultsNutrient-limited plants adjusted water flow to an increased root-to-shoot surface area ratio through a reduction in root hydraulic conductivity (Lp) as determined through exudation analyses. Cortex cell Lp (cell pressure probe analyses) decreased in the immature but not the mature region of the main axis of seminal roots and in primary lateral roots. The aquaporin inhibitor HgCl2 reduced root Lp most in nutrient-sufficient control plants. Exchange of low-nutrient for control media caused a rapid (20–80 min) and partial recovery in Lp, though cortex cell Lp did not increase in any of the root regions analysed. The gene expression level (qPCR analyses) of five plasma membrane-localized AQP isoforms did not change in bulk root extracts, while the formation of apoplastic barriers increased considerably along the main axis of root and lateral roots in low-nutrient treatments.ConclusionsDecrease in root and cortex cell Lp enables the adjustment of root water uptake to increased root-to-shoot area ratio in nutrient-limited plants. Aquaporins are the prime candidate to play a key role in this response. Modelling of water flow suggests that some of the reduction in root Lp is due to increased formation of apoplastic barriers.
Botulinum Toxin to Treat Horizontal Forehead Lines: A Refined Injection Pattern Accommodating the Lower Frontalis
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Cai Lei , Yang Mingxia , Li Facheng , Han Xuefeng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
When treating horizontal forehead lines with botulinum toxin type A the traditional approach requires that injection points should stay 1.5 to 2 cm above the orbital rim to avoid brow ptosis. Failure to treat the lower frontalis may potentially cause worse rhytides in the lower forehead.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to present a refined injection pattern accommodating the lower frontalis and evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety.

Methods
Patients were categorized into 4 types according to the patterns of their forehead wrinkles. Moderate and severe wrinkles in the upper forehead were treated by the “safe zone” technique. Mild wrinkles and rhytides in the lower forehead were treated by the Microbotox technique. Standard photographs and measurements were taken before and after treatment. The effect on wrinkle reduction and changes in brow heights were assessed.

Results
In total, 330 treatments were followed up in the clinic, and 246 treatments were followed up by telephone. Among the 330 treatments, 213 were evaluated in our clinic 2 to 4 weeks later, and the patients who received these treatments were recruited for effect evaluation and brow height measurements. The posttreatment severity of forehead wrinkles was significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.05), and brow heights remained unchanged (P &gt; 0.05). No severe adverse events were documented. Patient satisfaction was quite high.

Conclusions
The refined injection pattern is an effective and safe technique to treat horizontal forehead lines. The Microbotox technique enables treatment of the lower frontalis without changes in brow position.

Level of Evidence: 3
Ketorolac for Patients Undergoing Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: Impact on Hospital Length of Stay and Postoperative Narcotic Use
Authors: Nguyen Brittany N , Barta Ruth J , Stewart Christine E , Wheelwright Matthew , Heinrich Cherrie A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Opioid drugs have been a mainstay medication for the management of postoperative pain for several decades; however, in recent years there has been a push towards investigating alternative treatment options. Although ketorolac has been widely used by other medical and surgical specialties for analgesia, its utilization in plastic surgery has been widely debated.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ketorolac as an adjunct in postoperative pain management.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction after mastectomy between January 2012 and December 2016. Other risk factors, such as chronic anticoagulation, aspirin, or coagulopathies, were documented as well.

Results
There were 198 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The results demonstrated that patients who received ketorolac utilized significantly fewer narcotics than patients who did not: 80 mg vs 108.8 mg (P = 0.002), respectively. The results showed that patients who received ketorolac had a decreased length of hospitalization: 1.9 days vs 2.1 days (P = 0.04), respectively.

Conclusions
Generous narcotic prescribing has received greater scrutiny in recent years. Aside from the risk of increased narcotic availability in the community, the side effects of nausea, puritis, and constipation delay patient recovery. These data show that patients who received ketorolac have a decreased length of hospital stay and lower narcotic use, suggesting ketorolac may be a safe and cost-effective adjustment to a multi-modal pain control regimen postoperatively.

Level of Evidence: 4
CytoGPS: a web-enabled karyotype analysis tool for cytogenetics
Authors: Abrams Zachary B , Zhang Lin , Abruzzo Lynne V , Heerema Nyla A , Li Suli , Dillon Tom , Rodriguez Ricky , Coombes Kevin R , Payne Philip R O 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSummaryKaryotype data are the most common form of genetic data that is regularly used clinically. They are collected as part of the standard of care in many diseases, particularly in pediatric and cancer medicine contexts. Karyotypes are represented in a unique text-based format, with a syntax defined by the International System for human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN). While human-readable, ISCN is not intrinsically machine-readable. This limitation has prevented the full use of complex karyotype data in discovery science use cases. To enhance the utility and value of karyotype data, we developed a tool named CytoGPS. CytoGPS first parses ISCN karyotypes into a machine-readable format. It then converts the ISCN karyotype into a binary Loss-Gain-Fusion (LGF) model, which represents all cytogenetic abnormalities as combinations of loss, gain, or fusion events, in a format that is analyzable using modern computational methods. Such data is then made available for comprehensive ‘downstream’ analyses that previously were not feasible.Availability and implementationFreely available at http://cytogps.org.
The NEW ESID online database network
Authors: Scheible Raphael , Rusch Stephan , Guzman David , Mahlaoui Nizar , Ehl Stephan , Kindle Gerhard 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Summary
Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs) belong to the group of rare diseases. The European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) operates an international research database application for continuous long-term documentation of patient data. The system is a web application which runs in a standard browser. Therefore, the system is easy to access from any location. Technically, the system is based on Gails backed by MariaDB with high standard security features to comply with the demands of a modern research platform.

Availability and implementation
The ESID Online Database is accessible via the official website: https://esid.org/Working-Parties/Registry-Working-Party/ESID-Registry. A demo system is available via: https://cci-esid-reg-demo-app.uniklinik-freiburg.de/EERS with user demouser and password Demo-2019.
Benchmarking fold detection by DaliLite v.5
Authors: Holm Liisa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Protein structure comparison plays a fundamental role in understanding the evolutionary relationships between proteins. Here, we release a new version of the DaliLite standalone software. The novelties are hierarchical search of the structure database organized into sequence based clusters, and remote access to our knowledge base of structural neighbors. The detection of fold, superfamily and family level similarities by DaliLite and state-of-the-art competitors was benchmarked against a manually curated structural classification.

Results
Database search strategies were evaluated using Fmax with query-specific thresholds. DaliLite and DeepAlign outperformed TM-score based methods at all levels of the benchmark, and DaliLite outperformed DeepAlign at fold level. Hierarchical and knowledge-based searches got close to the performance of systematic pairwise comparison. The knowledge-based search was four times as efficient as the hierarchical search. The knowledge-based search dynamically adjusts the depth of the search, enabling a trade-off between speed and recall.

Availability and implementation
http://ekhidna2.biocenter.helsinki.fi/dali/README.v5.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An unusual interventricular septal bounce in a patient with dermatomyositis: a case report
Authors: Parato Vito Maurizio , Corradini Davide , Di Matteo Andrea , Scarano Michele 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn literature it has been reported in 1998, for the first time, a case of a 54-year-old man who developed constrictive pericarditis (CP) 12 years after diagnosis of dermatomyositis (DM). To our knowledge, this may be the only case reported.Case summaryA 16-year-old man presented to our institution because of symptoms posing a suspicion for an inflammatory disease; after physical examination, lab tests, and other investigations (electromyography, magnetic resonance, and muscular biopsy) was diagnosed as having DM. Patient also showed hepatomegaly and congested jugular veins: after clinical and imaging investigations (transthoracic echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography) he was diagnosed as having a CP. Patient underwent pericardial resection and the final outcome consisted of a completely regression of the symptoms.DiscussionCardiac involvement in patients with DM ranges between 6% and 75%, and it can be clinically manifest or, far more frequently, sub-clinic. Pericardial involvement as a complication of DM is widely reported in the literature, but in almost all cases as acute pericarditis, effusive pericarditis or cardiac tamponade and almost never as a CP.
A case report: multiple right ventricular diverticula with constrictive pericarditis and right heart failure
Authors: Iqbal Sohail , Abidin Nik , Irwin Richard Bruce , Schmitt Matthias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricular diverticula (RVD) are very rare congenital anomalies and their association with constrictive pericarditis is even rarer. So far, only one case has been published in literature.Case summaryWe report a case of multiple congenital RVD with constrictive pericarditis and right heart failure which was incidentally identified on surveillance computed tomography (CT) for abdominal lymphangioma. Interval CT, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) studies were performed and reviewed. Computed tomography abdomen showed hepatic congestion with features of portal hypertension, increasing size of the RVD on review of serial CTs, and eccentric foci of pericardial calcification. Echocardiography performed for breathlessness demonstrated supranormal early diastolic tissue velocities with average of 19.8 cms−1 and a septal bounce phenomenon on m-mode imaging suggesting constrictive physiology, which triggered a CMR referral. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging HASTE and right ventricular (RV) outflow tract imaging showed four outpouchings along RV free wall, the largest measuring 4.5 × 2 cm with a sizeable neck. These outpouchings displayed a trabecular network and/or were contractile aiding the diagnosis of diverticula as opposed to aneurysms. Right ventricular function was moderately compromised, whereas left ventricular function was preserved.DiscussionRight ventricular diverticula can be associated with, and potentially be causative of, pericardial thickening and calcification eventually leading to constrictive pericarditis and heart failure.
Bias and Negligence with Freedom of Information
Authors: Argenziano Rossella , Weeds Helen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We analyse decision-making in the presence of Freedom of Information (FOI) rules. A decision-maker chooses whether to acquire costly information to inform his decision regarding a policy action. If information is not disclosed voluntarily a monitor may open a costly investigation, using FOI to access the information. A finding of biased decision-making or negligence in information acquisition generates a reward to the monitor and a penalty to the decision-maker. We find that strengthening FOI to reduce the cost of investigation may increase negligence without necessarily reducing bias. Moreover, increasing the reward for discovering negligence can paradoxically increase negligence in equilibrium.
A practical composite risk score for the development of Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Hamilton Douglas , Cullinan John 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS) is a serious complication of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection and the key reason why intensive health protection against STEC is required. However, although many potential risk factors have been identified, accurate estimation of risk of HUS from STEC remains challenging. Therefore, we aimed to develop a practical composite score to promptly estimate the risk of developing HUS from STEC.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study where data for all confirmed STEC infections in Ireland during 2013–15 were subjected to statistical analysis with respect to predicting HUS. Multivariable logistic regression was used to develop a composite risk score, segregating risk of HUS into ‘very low risk’ (0–0.4%), ‘low risk’ (0.5–0.9%), ‘medium risk’ (1.0–4.4%), ‘high risk’ (4.5–9.9%) and ‘very high risk’ (10.0% and over).

Results
There were 1397 STEC notifications with complete information regarding HUS, of whom 5.1% developed HUS. Young age, vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, Shiga toxin 2, infection during April to November, and infection in Eastern and North-Eastern regions of Ireland, were all statistically significant independent predictors of HUS. Demonstration of a risk gradient provided internal validity to the risk score: 0.2% in the cohort with ‘very low risk’ (1/430), 1.1% with ‘low risk’ (2/182), 2.3% with ‘medium risk’ (8/345), 3.1% with ‘high risk’ (3/98) and 22.2% with ‘very high risk’ (43/194) scores, respectively, developed HUS.

Conclusion
We have developed a composite risk score which may be of practical value, once externally validated, in prompt estimation of risk of HUS from STEC infection.
Scalable biclustering — the future of big data exploration?
Authors: Orzechowski Patryk , Boryczko Krzysztof , Moore Jason H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Biclustering is a technique of discovering local similarities within data. For many years the complexity of the methods and parallelization issues limited its application to big data problems. With the development of novel scalable methods, biclustering has finally started to close this gap. In this paper we discuss the caveats of biclustering and present its current challenges and guidelines for practitioners. We also try to explain why biclustering may soon become one of the standards for big data analytics.
Modelling crowd movements in domains with boundaries
Authors: Colombo Rinaldo M , Rossi Elena 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper contributes to the macroscopic modelling of crowd movements. The presented model is ‘non-local’; i.e. it takes into account interactions among pedestrians at different distances. Particular care is given to how non-local interactions are influenced by walls, obstacles and exits. The resulting dynamics captures various well-known patterns of crowd movements, such as the clogging of exits and the spontaneous formation of queues. The careful choice of obstacles near an exit is shown to be able to reduce evacuation times. An ad hoc numerical algorithm is detailed, some of its properties discussed and the convergence of the corresponding approximate solutions is investigated.
C1 Esterase Inhibitor Activity Is Reduced in the Acute Phase Following Burn Injury: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Matsuura Hiroshi , Osuka Akinori , Hirose Tomoya , Ogura Hiroshi , Ueyama Masashi , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHereditary angioedema has been attributed to an inherited deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor that increases vascular permeability. The role of C1 esterase inhibitor in burn patients has not been described previously. In this study, we attempted to identify the relationship between serial changes of C1 esterase inhibitor activity and the clinical course in major burn patients. This study was a single-center, prospective, observational study. C1 esterase inhibitor activity values were serially examined in major burn patients admitted into the burn center from April 2014 to December 2016. Inclusion criteria were age ≥16 years old and %TBSA burned ≥20%. This study included 38 patients with major burn. C1 esterase inhibitor activity after burn dropped acutely on days 1 and 2 but increased immediately until days 3 to 5, after which it continued to gradually increase to above the reference value. C1 esterase inhibitor activity on admission showed significant inverse correlation with the volume of infusion per body weight required in the first 24 hours after injury and %TBSA burned (r = −0.405, P = 0.01; r = −0.375, P = 0.02, respectively). C1 esterase inhibitor activity on admission was significantly lower in the nonsurvivors than in the survivors during the 28-day evaluation period (59% vs 90%, P = 0.01). These findings suggest that C1 esterase inhibitor may play a critical role in regulating vascular permeability in the acute phase following the burn injury.