bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of abiotic factors in the pupation of Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the soil
Authors: Love Claire N. , Moore Sean D. , Hill Martin P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A key focus area of the South African citrus industry is the improved control of the phytosanitary citrus pest Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
New methods of control for this pest are continually being sought and the use of entomopathogens as biological control agents of the soil-dwelling life stages of T. leucotreta has shown great promise. Current understanding of T. leucotreta pupation biology, behaviour and survival is limited; thus, improving upon this knowledge would be useful for the biological control of this life stage.
Abiotic factors, namely soil texture class, ground cover, soil compaction and soil moisture, were investigated in the laboratory, aiming to determine the effects of these on T. leucotreta pupation variables. The investigations consisted of an examination of the wandering behaviour of larvae prior to pupation site selection, the pupation behaviour after selecting a pupation site, and eclosion biology and success.
These abiotic factors often had a limited influence on T. leucotreta pupation. Interesting consistencies included limited wandering behaviour, the shallowness of T. leucotreta pupation and a high eclosion success in sandy loam soils in certain cases. These factors are likely to have both positive and negative implications for entomopathogenic biological control programmes.
Lactobacillus crispatus accelerates re‐epithelialization in vaginal epithelial cell line MS74
Authors: Takada Kazuhide , Komine‐Aizawa Shihoko , Kuramochi Tomoya , Ito Shun , Trinh Quang Duy , Pham Ngan Thi Kim , Sasano Mari , Hayakawa Satoshi 
Published: August 2018

ProblemThe functions of vaginal lactobacilli in susceptibility to infectious diseases as regards epithelial barrier integrity and wound healing remain incompletely understood.Method of studyLactobacillus crispatus, one of the most common Lactobacillus species in the vagina and among the most protective against sexually transmitted infections, was cocultured with an immortalized human vaginal epithelial cell line (MS74), and a scratch assay was performed to evaluate re‐epithelialization. The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) was measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An immunofluorescence assay was performed to locate the expression of VEGF and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 1 and 2. The effects of the bacterial supernatant of L. crispatus were also evaluated.ResultsLactobacillus crispatus significantly accelerated re‐epithelialization of MS74 cells, accompanied by an increase in VEGF concentration. In contrast, heat‐killed L. crispatus did not show this effect. The bacterial supernatant of L. crispatus also induced re‐epithelialization. The immunoreactivity of VEGF was higher at the scratched edge, whereas VEGFR1 and 2 stained site‐independently. Recombinant VEGF induced cell migration in a dose‐dependent manner. The bacterial supernatant of L. crispatus also significantly accelerated re‐epithelialization in MS74 cells and increased the concentration of VEGF in the culture 24 hours after the scratch.ConclusionThese results may enhance our knowledge of the importance of L. crispatus in the healing of damaged vaginal epithelium and protection against the consequent risk of pathogenic infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and improve our understanding of vaginal epithelial barrier integrity maintenance by this bacterium.
Prejudice, Strategic Discrimination, and the Electoral Connection: Evidence from a Pair of Field Experiments in Brazil
Authors: Driscoll Amanda , Cepaluni Gabriel , Guimarães Feliciano de Sá , Spada Paolo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCan electoral incentives mitigate racial and class prejudices toward underrepresented groups? We use a pair of large‐scale field experiments to investigate the responsiveness of Brazilian legislative candidates to information requests from fictitious voters before and after the 2010 elections. Our panel study design allows us to examine how politicians’ electoral incentives and prejudices jointly affect their responsiveness to voters with randomly assigned socioeconomic and partisan characteristics. Distinguishing between prejudiced and strategic discrimination in responsiveness, we find that socioeconomically privileged and competitive candidates are equally responsive to underrepresented voters in advance of the election, yet less responsive once in office.
Using remote sensing to model tree species distribution in Peruvian lowland Amazonia
Authors: Pérez Chaves Pablo , Ruokolainen Kalle , Tuomisto Hanna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSpecies distribution models for Amazonian trees have mostly been produced at scales and resolutions that are too broad and coarse for practical use in either conservation or forestry. On the other hand, several studies have shown that elevation and the medium‐resolution remote sensing data available via Landsat imagery can be successfully used to detect differences in plant species composition in Amazonia. Therefore, it seems likely that the same data can also be used to predict geographical distributions of individual taxa. Here we use remotely sensed data and a maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt) to generate landscape‐scale distribution models at 30‐m‐resolution for five economically important timber tree genera (Apuleia, Amburana, Crepidospermum, Dipteryx, and Manilkara). Individual Landsat Thematic Mapper bands and normalized difference vegetation index yielded acceptable model performance, and the use of averaging filters (3 × 3 and 5 × 5 pixel low‐pass filters) improved model performance further. Including elevation as a predictor also improved model performance for all the genera. Our results suggest that it is possible to use Landsat bands and elevation as predictors for modeling the potential distribution of tree species in lowland Amazonia at a fine enough resolution to facilitate the practical management of forest resources.
Design and synthesis of 5‐(5‐nitrothiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole derivatives with improved solubility and potential antituberculosis activity
Authors: Khambete Mihir , Kundaikar Harish , Raju Archana , Lonkar Sachin , Degani Mariam , Ray Mukti Kanta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe report the design‐synthesis of several nitrothiophene containing molecules as antituberculosis agents. The molecules were designed on the basis of previously reported nitrofuran molecules in our laboratory, and the α,β‐unsaturated linker was modified to cyclized linker in order to overcome the challenge of low solubility and possible toxicity. The stereo‐electronic properties such as HOMO, LUMO, and HOMO‐LUMO gap along with other properties such as aqueous solvation energies and QPLogS values were studied. The designed molecules were synthesized and tested for in vitro antituberculosis activity, and some molecules were found to be highly active comparable to standard drugs. Further, the aqueous solubility was determined using visual inspection method and the designed molecules were found to be more soluble than their chalcone counterparts. Cytotoxicity studies were performed and the molecules were found to be non‐cytotoxic. Electroanalytical studies proved nitro reduction as the mechanism of action for these molecules. Thus, this study provides potential nitrothiophene containing hits with improved solubility and reduced chances of toxicity.
Acceptability of a decision‐support electronic health record system and its impact on diabetes care goals in South Asia: a mixed‐methods evaluation of the CARRS trial
Authors: Singh K. , Johnson L. , Devarajan R. , Shivashankar R. , Sharma P. , Kondal D. , Ajay V. S. , Narayan K. M. V. , Prabhakaran D. , Ali M. K. , Tandon N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsTo describe physicians’ acceptance of decision‐support electronic health record system and its impact on diabetes care goals among people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe analysed data from participants in the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) trial, who received the study intervention (care coordinators and use of a decision‐support electronic health record system; n=575) using generalized estimating equations to estimate the association between acceptance/rejection of decision‐support system prompts and outcomes (mean changes in HbA1c, blood pressure and LDL cholesterol) considering repeated measures across all time points available. We conducted in‐depth interviews with physicians to understand the benefits, challenges and value of the decision‐support electronic health record system and analysed physicians’ interviews using Rogers’ diffusion of innovation theory.ResultsAt end‐of‐trial, participants with diabetes for whom glycaemic, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and LDL cholesterol decision‐support electronic health record prompts were accepted vs rejected, experienced no reduction in HbA1c [mean difference: –0.05 mmol/mol (95% CI –0.22, 0.13); P=0.599], but statistically significant improvements were observed for systolic blood pressure [mean difference: –11.6 mmHg (95% CI –13.9, –9.3); P ≤ 0.001], diastolic blood pressure [mean difference: –5.2 mmHg (95% CI –6.5, –3.8); P ≤ 0.001] and LDL cholesterol [mean difference: –0.7 mmol/l (95% CI –0.6, –0.8); P ≤0.001], respectively. The relative advantages and compatibility of the decision‐support electronic health record system with existing clinic set‐ups influenced physicians’ acceptance of it. Software complexities and data entry challenges could be overcome by task‐sharing.ConclusionWider adherence to decision‐support electronic health record prompts could potentially improve diabetes goal achievement, particularly when accompanied by assistance from a non‐physician health worker.
Ebola and State Legitimacy
Authors: Flückiger Matthias , Ludwig Markus , Sina Önder Ali 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We exploit the West African Ebola epidemic as an event that necessitated the provision of a common-interest public good, Ebola control measures, to empirically investigate the effect of public good provision on state legitimacy. Our results show that state legitimacy, measured by trust in government authorities, increased with exposure to the epidemic. We argue, supported by results from SMS-message-based surveys, that a potentially important channel underlying this finding is a greater valuation of control measures in regions with intense transmission. Evidence further indicates that the effects of Ebola exposure are more pronounced in areas where governments responded relatively robustly to the epidemic.
Improving a pivotal hospital documentation tool utilised by clinical pharmacists
Authors: Bui Tien Ngoc Thi , Goldsworthy Sharon , Hotham Elizabeth 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objective
To improve an adherence documentation tool utilised by Australian Clinical Pharmacists in hospitals.

Method
Surveys and a focus group session were methods employed to study the perceptions of clinical pharmacists and medical officers on the ‘Medication Management Plan (MedMAP)’ as an adherence documentation tool and the perceived limitations, if any, of the form.

Key findings
The MedMAP had limitations which could potentially affect patient care in hospitals. The modified form was successfully trialled over a period of two weeks with favourable results.

Conclusion
The study identified the shortcomings of the MedMAP form and further underlined the importance of continual auditing of pivotal adherence documentation tools in hospital.
A Faithful Alliance Between the Civil Society and the State: Actors and Mechanisms of Accommodating Syrian Refugees in Istanbul
Authors: Danış Didem , Nazlı Dilara 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReception, hospitality and integration are certainly the main challenges of the contemporary world, particularly for countries like Turkey which hosts more than 3 million refugees from Syria. The aim of this article is to analyze the reception practices of civil society organizations and the nature of these bodies’ relationship with state agencies by focusing on Sultanbeyli, a peripheral district of Istanbul. Based on a fieldwork conducted in this district, we present the functioning of various state and non‐state actors in order to uncover not only the role of NGOs, but also the nature of the relations between them and the state in terms of governance of refugee reception in Turkey. We thus argue that the reception of Syrian refugees is undertaken by a “faithful” alliance between the state and certain NGOs, a partnership where civil society assumes a supporting role to the state in refugee reception.
A thermodynamically consistent phase‐field model for viscous sintering
Authors: Yang Qingcheng , Kirshtein Arkadz , Ji Yanzhou , Liu Chun , Shen Jie , Chen Long‐Qing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA thermodynamically consistent phase‐field model for viscous sintering is proposed. It is based on an energetic variational formulation that allows the governing equations to be analytically derived from a defined energy law. The conservation of mass is satisfied through the incompressibility assumption and the assumption that mass density is uniform initially within the particle compact while the balance of linear momentum is formulated from an energy dissipation law. The morphological changes of particles are described by the temporal and spatial evolution of a phase‐field variable governed by a modified Cahn‐Hilliard equation, and the motion of viscous mass flow is controlled by the Stokes equation incorporating the surface tension effect. The application of the phase‐field model is illustrated by examining the effect of particle shape, initial contact angle and rearrangement effects on viscous sintering.
Denying Services to Prevent Regret
Authors: Gerver Mollie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSometimes the majority of individuals accepting a service regret their decision, and we can predict that future recipients will feel similarly. For example, a hospital might learn that the majority of patients regret accepting a given medical intervention, and a UN agency might learn that most refugees it has helped repatriate regret returning home. I argue that agents providing services that lead to likely regret have one pro tanto reason to discontinue their services, and this reason is weighty if the service is epistemically transformative.
Authority Under Construction: The European Union in Comparative Political Perspective
Authors: McNamara Kathleen R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMoravcsik's liberal intergovernmentalism irrevocably upgraded the rigour of European Union scholarship by categorizing the EU as an international organization, and analyzing it in terms of general theories of international relations. The deepening of European governance has meant, however, that the EU today is better understood as a polity in formation, generalizable through the lens of comparative politics instead of international relations. Alongside the burgeoning literature on the EU's politicization, I advocate for comparisons to historical episodes of state‐building and nationalism, with particular attention to the role of culture and identity in shoring up, or contesting, political authority. Doing so allows us to better delineate the challenges presented by European citizens’ lack of impassioned attachment to the EU, while also informing a broader understanding of the populist backlashes occurring in the context of more global trends of transnational authority construction.
Drying characteristics of amla candy in solar tunnel greenhouse dryer
Authors: Patil Rajendra C. , Gawande Rupesh R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article, a forced convection solar tunnel greenhouse dryer is proposed for food processing, especially for amla candy. An investigation has been made to demonstrate the usefulness of thermal and mathematical modeling in forecasting the drying kinetics of agricultural commodity. A system of partial differential equations concerning the heat and mass transfer were presented and solved by Gauss Jordan elimination technique to determine the temperature of air during drying. The predicted air temperatures within the dryer agreed well with the experimental temperature data. Thin layer characteristics of the product were described by six different mathematical models. The statistical and graphical validation is executed to confirm the validity and accuracy of selected models. However, based on the drying curves, Modified Page model was designated as the best model. The dryer is better for mass production, superb transportability, effortless tracking, easy assembly of tunnels on the site makes it a Do It Yourself (DIY) kit.Practical applicationsBasically the drying is known as an energy‐intensive process, and in industries, it consumes a huge quantity of energy; whereas in the present time, energy saving is needed to pay adequate attention. However, the traditional method for processing of amla candy (open sun drying) is thermally inefficient due to several problems like contamination of product from foreign materials, degradation by overheating, untimely rainfall, uncontrolled drying, and long drying time. In order to minimize the limitations of open sun/mechanized drying and to improve the quality of dried product, author developed a simple and easy to use solar tunnel greenhouse dryer. The quality of solar dried amla candy is far better and could fetch around 20% extra price than that of open sun/mechanized drying. To make amla a fruit of mass, products need to be developed which are attractive, tasty and therapeutic values. Among various amla food products, candy is very popular.
Experimental optimization of chicory root (Cichorium intybus L.) aqueous extracts formulation by novel approach of ongoing ultrasonic vacuum spray drying using response surface methodology
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Namavar Samaneh , Amiri Chayjan Reza , Amiri Parian Jafar , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the present study, we performed a simultaneous optimization of various inlet temperatures, vacuum pressures, and maltodextrin concentrations to produce chicory root inulin extract powder by the novel approach of ongoing ultrasonic vacuum spray drying. To obtain the optimum conditions, we used a central composite face‐centered design of response surface methodology (RSM). Performing this drying approach in a vacuumed drying chamber required lower temperatures compared to the conventional dryers. We used 4–6% (wt/vol) maltodextrin concentrations at inlet temperatures of 50, 65, and 80 °C and vacuum pressures of 20, 35, and 50 kPa and evaluated the following responses: total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids concentration (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging capacity, moisture content, bulk density, wettability, and solubility. We found that the highest desirability (0.646) was achieved at an inlet temperature, vacuum pressure, and maltodextrin concentration of 50 °C, 20 kPa, and 4.7%, respectively.Practical applicationsIn this research, we developed an ultrasonic vacuum spray dryer (UVSD) that performs spray drying in a vacuum chamber at lower temperatures than the conventional spray drying. This procedure can be considered as a novel technique to produce powder from the Chicory Root (Cichorium intybus L.) Aqueous Extract. Minimization of the oxidative and thermal stresses during the drying is the main advantage of this process. Drying conditions were optimized by using a central composite face‐centered design of response surface methodology (RSM) to improve the chemical and physical properties of the produced powder. Nutritional and pharmaceutical properties of the chicory root are associated with their special chemical composition such as high levels of polyphenolic compounds. Drying temperature was reduced via controlling the vacuum condition in the drying chamber of the UVSD such that to continuously obtain a powder rich in heat‐sensitive ingredients.
Orange Fanta versus orange fruit: A novel measure of nutrition knowledge in Malawi
Authors: Schneider Kate , Masters William A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel survey instrument to identify distinct components of nutrition knowledge and test for links between knowledge and dietary choices in Southern Malawi. Our first aim is to distinguish respondents' familiarity with recommended behaviours, such as when to start breastfeeding or introduce solid foods, from respondents' factual knowledge about mechanisms, such as whether biscuits or papaya and orange fruit or orange Fanta contribute more to future health. We find knowledge of nutrition behaviours to be strongly associated with more schooling, older age, and being female, whereas knowledge of mechanisms is associated only with training and employment as a health professional. We then test whether this expanded definition of nutrition knowledge is associated with dietary intake when controlling for other factors and find no significant links in these data. Results point to the need for knowledge surveys and public health behaviour‐change campaigns to address the kinds of information that might have the most influence on actual behaviour, potentially including the mechanisms involved in food composition, food safety, and disease transmission.
The relationship between temperament and depression in Parkinson's disease patients under dopaminergic treatment
Authors: Dogan Bilge , Akyol Ali , Memis Cagdas O. , Sair Ahmet , Akyildiz Utku , Sevincok Levent 
Published: August 2018

AimThe risk factors for depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) under dopaminergic drug treatment are unclear. In this study, we examined whether some temperament traits are related to the presence of comorbid depression in PD patients, independent of the characteristics of illness and drug treatment.MethodsThe participants in this study were 74 patients with idiopathic PD who were already treated with stable doses of levodopa or dopamine agonists. Depressive (n = 20) and non‐depressive (n = 52) PD patients were assessed by means of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Auto‐questionnaire. The doses of levodopa and dopamine agonists were converted into levodopa equivalent daily dose.ResultsThe duration of treatment in the depressive group was significantly longer than in the non‐depressive group (P = 0.03). The depressive patients had significantly higher scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale than the non‐depressive patients. Depressive (P < 0.0001), cyclothymic (P < 0.0001), anxious (P < 0.0001), and irritable (P = 0.02) temperament scores were significantly higher in depressive than in non‐depressive patients. Hyperthymia scores were significantly higher in non‐depressive patients than in depressive patients (P = 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that depressive temperament traits (P = 0.03) significantly predicted the diagnosis of depression. In contrast, hyperthymic temperament seemed to be associated with the absence of depression (P = 0.006).ConclusionOur results indicated that the severity of PD and duration of dopaminergic treatment were not predictive of the development of depression in PD patients. Depressive temperament strongly predicted the development of depression in our sample. Hyperthymic temperament seemed to be associated with patients without depression. We suggest that depressive temperament traits seem to be related to depression, while hyperthymic temperament may have a protective role in the risk of depression in PD patients.