bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The welfare effects of free trade agreements in quantitative trade models: A comparison of studies about Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
Authors: Bekkers Eddy , Rojas‐Romagosa Hugo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe compare different methodological approaches to predicting the welfare effects of trade policy experiments. We focus on studies that estimate the economic effects of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Methodologically, the studies can be divided into those employing computable general equilibrium (CGE) models and structural gravity (SG) models. We compare and critically discuss differences in the estimated trade cost reductions and in the economic models employed, and how these can explain the relatively wide range of economic effects found in the different TTIP studies. We conclude that reasonable estimates of the welfare effects for the TTIP partners are between 0.5% and 2%.
An International Educational Training Course for Conducting Systematic Reviews in Health Care: The Joanna Briggs Institute's Comprehensive Systematic Review Training Program
Authors: Stern Cindy , Munn Zac , Porritt Kylie , Lockwood Craig , Peters Micah D. J. , Bellman Susan , Stephenson Matthew , Jordan Zoe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe cornerstone of evidence‐based health care is the systematic review of international evidence. Systematic reviews follow a rigorous, standardized approach in their conduct and reporting, and as such, education and training are essential prior to commencement.AimsThis study reports on the evolution of the Joanna Briggs Institute Comprehensive Systematic Review Training Program (JBICSRTP) as an exemplar approach for teaching systematic review methods.ResultsThe Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) is an international research and development center at the University of Adelaide, South Australia. Its mission is to promote and facilitate evidence‐based best practice globally, largely through the provision of education and training. JBI was one of the first to consider all forms of evidence in systematic reviews, and as such, implementation of standardized training was essential. Since 1999, JBI has offered a systematic review training program. The JBICSRTP is now delivered face to face over 5 days, with an optional online component; the content aligns to that proposed in the Sicily statement. Over the last 3 years, JBI and its Collaboration have trained over 3,300 people from over 30 countries. A ”train‐the‐trainer” (TtT) style program was established to cope with demand, and to date, hundreds of trainers have been licensed across the globe to deliver the JBICSRTP.Linking Evidence to ActionProviding standardized training materials, ensuring open and ongoing communication, and adopting a TtT style program while still allowing for local adaptability are strategies that have led to the establishment of a highly skilled global training network and ensured the success and longevity of the JBICSRTP.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: July 2018

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 8Alkan Uğurlu, TurkeyAngel H. Y. Lai, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong KongBegüm Yalçınkaya, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, TurkeyCagla Atmaca, Pamukkale University, TurkeyCarmen Pérez-Sabater, Universitat Poltècnica de València, SpainCynthia M. Compton, Wingate University, USADamodar Khanal, The University of Manchester, UKEnisa Mede, Bahcesehir University, TurkeyErica D. Shifflet-Chila, Michigan State University, USAGüner Çiçek, University Of Hitit, TurkeyGunkut Mesci, Giresun University, TurkeyHasan Şahan, TurkeyHülya Uğur Tanriöver, Giresun University, Turkeyİbrahim Yaşar Kazu, Firat University, TurkeyIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaIoannis Syrmpas, University of Thessaly, GreeceJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJon S. Turner, Missouri State University, USALaura Bruno, The College of New Jersey, USALeila Youssef, Arab Open University, LebanonLorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesMahmut Gulle, Sirnak University, TurkeyMarcie Zaharee, The MITRE Corporation, USAMaurizio Sajeva, Pellervo Economic Research PTT, FinlandMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMichail Kalogiannakis, University of Crete, GreeceMustafa Çakır, Marmara Üniversity, TurkeyMustafa Güçlü, Erciyes University, TurkeyNurullah Şahin, Sinop University, TurkeyOktay Çoban, TurkeyOzgur Demirtas, Inonu University, TurkeyOzkan Guler, TurkeyPirkko Siklander, University of Lapland, FinlandSadia Batool, Preston University Islamabad, PakistanSandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASayim Aktay, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, TurkeySelloane Pitikoe, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South AfricaStamatis Papadakis, University of Crete, GreeceYalçın Dilekli, Aksaray University, TurkeyZait Burak Aktuğ, Turkey Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Specific synaptic input strengths determine the computational properties of excitation–inhibition integration in a sound localization circuit
Authors: Gjoni Enida , Zenke Friedemann , Bouhours Brice , Schneggenburger Ralf 
Published: July 2018

Key points
During the computation of sound localization, neurons of the lateral superior olive (LSO) integrate synaptic excitation arising from the ipsilateral ear with inhibition from the contralateral ear.
We characterized the functional connectivity of the inhibitory and excitatory inputs onto LSO neurons in terms of unitary synaptic strength and convergence.
Unitary IPSCs can generate large conductances, although their strength varies over a 10‐fold range in a given recording. By contrast, excitatory inputs are relatively weak.
The conductance associated with IPSPs needs to be at least 2‐fold stronger than the excitatory one to guarantee effective inhibition of action potential (AP) firing.
Computational modelling showed that strong unitary inhibition ensures an appropriate slope and midpoint of the tuning curve of LSO neurons. Conversely, weak but numerous excitatory inputs filter out spontaneous AP firing from upstream auditory neurons.
AbstractThe lateral superior olive (LSO) is a binaural nucleus in the auditory brainstem in which excitation from the ipsilateral ear is integrated with inhibition from the contralateral ear. It is unknown whether the strength of the unitary inhibitory and excitatory inputs is adapted to allow for optimal tuning curves of LSO neuron action potential (AP) firing. Using electrical and optogenetic stimulation of afferent synapses, we found that the strength of unitary inhibitory inputs to a given LSO neuron can vary over a ∼10‐fold range, follows a roughly log‐normal distribution, and, on average, causes a large conductance (9 nS). Conversely, unitary excitatory inputs, stimulated optogenetically under the bushy‐cell specific promoter Math5, were numerous, and each caused a small conductance change (0.7 nS). Approximately five to seven bushy cell inputs had to be active simultaneously to bring an LSO neuron to fire. In double stimulation experiments, the effective inhibition window caused by IPSPs was short (1−3 ms) and its length depended on the inhibitory conductance; an ∼2‐fold stronger inhibition than excitation was needed to suppress AP firing. Computational modelling suggests that few, but strong, unitary IPSPs create a tuning curve of LSO neuron firing with an appropriate slope and midpoint. Furthermore, weak but numerous excitatory inputs reduce the spontaneous AP firing that LSO neurons would otherwise inherit from their upstream auditory neurons. Thus, the specific connectivity and strength of unitary excitatory and inhibitory inputs to LSO neurons is optimized for the computations performed by these binaural neurons.
Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis for Resonance Investigation of Pump-Turbine Runner
Authors: Kurosawa Sadao , Matsumoto Kiyoshi , Miyagi Junpei , He Lingyan , Wang Zhengwei 
Published: July 2018

In the development of high head pumped storage projects, one of the critical problems is the strength of pump-turbine runners. In this paper, the analysis method of forced response of the runner structure is presented and the prediction accuracy is validated by comparing with the results of the prototype head model test. And the application results for resonance of pump-turbine startup process are shown.
Basically it is necessary for the prediction of the runner dynamic stress to use a combined approach of fluid dynamics and structural dynamics. Due to the high complexity of the phenomena and the limitation of computer power, the numerical simulation for the fluid-structural interaction phenomena was in the past too expensive and not feasible. However, due to consideration that vibration displacement is very small, such complex analysis has been handled as one-way fluid-structural interaction problem. Namely the excitation force is calculated by whole passage flow analysis that is ignored the structural deformation and takes into account the rotor-stator interaction effect. And the dynamic stress of runner is calculated by the transient response analysis taken account into the added mass effect of surrounding water using an acoustic fluid formulation. Due to such a simplification, it has been possible to evaluate the runner dynamic stress in a short time.
As a result, it was confirmed that the dynamic behavior such as runner vibration and pressure fluctuation under turbine operating range and the runner stress can be analyzed with the sufficient accuracy and due to applying as standard procedure in TOSHIBA, it can be avoided a failure risk in an early design phase. Moreover the fluid-structure interaction analysis method in this paper can be easily adapted to apply for other type of turbines, such as Francis turbines and Kaplan turbines.
Clarification of Performance Curve Instability Mechanism Using Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Flow of a Mixed-Flow Pump
Authors: Hagiya Isao , Kato Chisachi , Yamade Yoshinobu , Nagahara Takahide , Fukaya Masashi 
Published: July 2018

We analyzed the internal flows of a test mixed-flow pump exhibiting performance curve instability at low flow rates by using LES to clarify the performance curve instability mechanism. The LES was conducted using the open source software FrontFlow/blue [1]. In particular, we investigated in detail the flows at the flow rates, where the head curve had a positive slope under low flow rate condition.
We clarified that Euler’s head drop caused by a stall near the tip of the rotor-blades is a dominant factor at the instability of the test pump. At the bottom point of the positive slope of the head curve, stall regions covered all the rotor-blade passages on the tip side. The drop of the angular momentum in the impeller caused by the stall on the leading edge side exceeds the increment caused by the decrease in the flow rate on the trailing edge at the bottom point of the positive slope.
At the middle point of the positive slope of the head curve we also found regions with low-velocities in some blade passages. Such regions, namely stall cells, rotated around the impeller for one revolution while the impeller rotated almost about 20 revolutions in the direction opposite to the impeller’s rotation. The region with low-velocity first appears at the trailing edge and expands toward the leading edge. The angle of attack of the neighbouring blade in the direction opposite to the rotation of the blade increases and that blade pitch begins to stall. When that blade pitch is fully stalled, it is no longer loaded and the positive pressure gradient in that blade pitch decreases. The blade pitch is most likely to accept the excess flow. It recovers from the stalled state.
The Effect of Tip Leakage Vortex on Cavitation Performance in Axial Hydro Turbine
Authors: Masuda Naoki , Austen Faris , Maeda Hideaki 
Published: July 2018

From viewpoint of greenhouse gas emission reduction, recently utilization of renewable energy becomes the focus of attention. Among several renewable energy systems, hydro power generation can supply the most stable energy and Torishima has already supplied an axial micro hydro turbine [1].
In general, the low cost system is needed in the case of micro hydro turbine. And one solution is to apply a fixed blade and constant rotation speed type. However the operating range will be narrow because of a cavitation problem. As is well known, there are some kinds of cavitations in the hydro machinery and they cause adverse effects such as vibration, excessive noise, decreasing efficiency and affecting turbine life [2]. Furthermore, these effects are more serious at partial and/or overload condition, so that turbine allowable operating range is limited by them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to improve the cavitation performance in wider range for satisfying this requirement.
In this paper, we focused on the influence of tip leakage vortex cavitation; one of the important phenomena for cavitation performance improvement as described in the references [3–5]. We tried to clarify the influence by both experimental and numerical investigation on the cavitation performance. In CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis, tip clearance was applied for whole circumference model of runner and the full cavitation model [6] was used for the unsteady cavitation analysis. The calculation domain included guide vane was used to consider the effect of unsteady interference between runner and guide vane. In the CFD result, the tip leakage vortex cavitation was identified by void ratio and helicity [7] to analyze vortex structure with detail.
Linking Efficiency to Functional Performance by a Pump Test Standard for Wastewater Pumps
Authors: Pöhler Michael , Gerlach Stefan , Höchel Kristian , Mengdehl Tino , Thamsen Paul Uwe 
Published: July 2018

Upcoming Energy related Products (ErP) regulations on wastewater pumps by the European Commission will affect all pump manufacturers and operators of wastewater systems. Hence, the preparation of efficiency standards for wastewater pumps is intensively accompanied by input from the affected stakeholders and experts of different fields [1]. The previous approaches of ErP regulations, as in lot 11 (Electric motors, Ventilation fans, Circulators in buildings, Electric pumps), focus only on efficiency. However, when applying the philosophy of Ecodesign directly to wastewater pumps, the complex flow structure and the transport behaviour of this inhomogeneous multi-phase fluid must be taken into account.
While efficiency is an important criterion, it is necessary to take the specifics of sewage transport into account when designing a new test standard, so as not to compromise on proven and “system-efficient” technologies. Therefore, the Berlin Institute of Technology is currently investigating wastewater compositions and limits for reliable pump operation in order to design a test standard for wastewater pumps comparable to the DIN EN ISO 9906 efficiency tests for clear water [2]. The test will assess the functional fulfilment level of the pump performance, differentiating between the wastewater classes.
Turbojet Engine Performance Tuning With a New Map Adaptation Concept
Authors: Misté Gianluigi Alberto , Benini Ernesto 
Published: July 2018

Gas turbine off design performance prediction is strictly dependent on the accuracy of compressor and turbine map characteristics. Experimental data regarding component maps are very difficult to find in literature, since it is undisclosed proprietary information of the engine manufacturers. To overcome this limitation, gas turbine engineers use available generic component maps and modify them to reach the maximum adherence with the experimental measures.
Different scaling and adaptation techniques have been employed to this aim; these methodologies are usually based upon analytic regression models which minimize the deviation from experimental data. However, since these models are built mainly for a specific compressor or turbine map, their generalization is quite difficult: in fact, regression is highly shape-dependent and therefore requires a different model for each different specific component.
This paper proposes a solution to the problem stated above: a new method for map adaptation is investigated to improve steady-state off design prediction accuracy of a generic gas turbine component. The methodology does not employ analytical regression models; its main principle relies in performing map modifications in an appropriate neighborhood of the multiple experimental points used for the adaptation. When using gas turbine simulation codes, component maps are usually stored in a data matrix and are ordered in a format suitable for 2-D interpolation. A perturbation of the values contained in the matrix results in component map morphing. An optimization algorithm varies the perturbation intensity vector in order to minimize the deviation between experimental and predicted points.
The adaptation method is integrated inside TSHAFT, the gas turbine prediction code developed at the University of Padova. The assessment of this methodology will be exposed by illustrating a case study carried out upon a turbojet engine.
Karst hydrogeology of Tuckaleechee Cove and the western Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee and North Carolina
Authors: Miller Benjamin V. , Bradley Michael W. , Brown Teresa L. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
The geology of Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) in Tennessee and North Carolina is dominated by siliciclastics and metamorphic strata. However, in the western portion of GRSM, a series of carbonate fensters (windows) expose the Lower Ordovician–age section of the Knox Group, a series of dolomite and limestone units that are partially marbleized as a result of contact metamorphism from the Great Smoky fault. The fensters create opportunities for allogenic recharge to occur at points along the contact of the surrounding insoluble strata with the underlying soluble carbonates. The combination of chemically aggressive surface recharge and vertical relief has resulted in the formation of deep caves, many of which have active streams and water resources. Though the karst is limited in extent and the number of caves is fairly small, the significance of the resources is substantial, with several of the caves in the area over 150 m in depth and at least two being major bat hibernacula. In 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a study to better understand the hydrologic behavior of these karst systems through hydrologic and geochemical monitoring, groundwater tracing using fluorescent dyes, and seepage runs. Stage and water-quality instrumentation was installed in two caves in GRSM, the main stream of Bull Cave, and in a sump pool in Whiteoak Blowhole, at 173 m and 70 m below land surface, respectively. Following setup of the cave sites, dye injections were conducted to determine discharge points for four of the deep cave systems on Rich Mountain and Turkeypen ridge. Results show water in these systems has an extremely rapid travel time, with tracers detected from caves to springs in less than 24 h for each of the systems. This field guide describes the complex geology, regional hydrogeology, and unique landscape characterized by high-gradient subterranean streams, carbonate fensters, and deep caves of the GRSM karst.
Trends in outpatient antibiotic use and prescribing practice among US older adults, 2011-15: observational study
Authors: Olesen Scott W , Barnett Michael L , MacFadden Derek R , Lipsitch Marc , Grad Yonatan H 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify temporal trends in outpatient antibiotic use and antibiotic prescribing practice among older adults in a high income country.DesignObservational study using United States Medicare administrative claims in 2011-15.SettingMedicare, a US national healthcare program for which 98% of older adults are eligible.Participants4.5 million fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years old and older.Main outcome measurementsOverall rates of antibiotic prescription claims, rates of potentially appropriate and inappropriate prescribing, rates for each of the most frequently prescribed antibiotics, and rates of antibiotic claims associated with specific diagnoses. Trends in antibiotic use were estimated by multivariable regression adjusting for beneficiaries’ demographic and clinical covariates.ResultsThe number of antibiotic claims fell from 1364.7 to 1309.3 claims per 1000 beneficiaries per year in 2011-14 (adjusted reduction of 2.1% (95% confidence interval 2.0% to 2.2%)), but then rose to 1364.3 claims per 1000 beneficiaries per year in 2015 (adjusted reduction of 0.20% over 2011-15 (0.09% to 0.30%)). Potentially inappropriate antibiotic claims fell from 552.7 to 522.1 per 1000 beneficiaries over 2011-14, an adjusted reduction of 3.9% (3.7% to 4.1%). Individual antibiotics had heterogeneous changes in use. For example, azithromycin claims per beneficiary decreased by 18.5% (18.2% to 18.8%) while levofloxacin claims increased by 27.7% (27.2% to 28.3%). Azithromycin use associated with each of the potentially appropriate and inappropriate respiratory diagnoses decreased, while levofloxacin use associated with each of those diagnoses increased.ConclusionAmong US Medicare beneficiaries, overall antibiotic use and potentially inappropriate use in 2011-15 remained steady or fell modestly, but individual drugs had divergent changes in use. Trends in drug use across indications were stronger than trends in use for individual indications, suggesting that guidelines and concerns about antibiotic resistance were not major drivers of change in antibiotic use.