bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Type 1 Diabetes on Patients during the First Two Years—A Qualitative Research Study
Authors: SENIOR EMMANUELLE , FONG REGAN , CHRISTIAN ANNA , MARKOWITZ JESSICA T. , STRZOK SARA , SCHMIDT TIM , HARRIS KRISTINA , MARQUIS PATRICK 
Published: June 2018

The impact of type 1 diabetes (T1D) on patient’s lives has been described in the literature, but little insight exists on the experience of newly diagnosed pediatric patients. This timeframe is unique for clinical reasons (honeymoon period) and psychosocial reasons (adapting to living with T1D). This project aimed to identify concepts core to describing the experience of pediatric patients in the first two years of T1D and organize them into a framework.
Based on literature and clinician input, a semi-structured interview guide was developed. Patients (n=29) ages 7-17 recruited by an agency and childrenwithdiabetes.com participated in face-to-face (age &lt;10) or phone interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and inductively coded using ATLAS.ti software. Detailed concepts were categorized into overarching domains reflecting their conceptual underpinning to design the framework.
The sample mean age was 12 years, and was 48% male and 72% white. The interviews confirmed symptoms of hyper and hypoglycemia already described in the literature, but above all, they provided in-depth information as to how symptoms and impacts are experienced within the first two years of T1D diagnosis.
The proposed conceptual framework includes symptoms, impacts, and disease management. Symptoms include hyper and hypoglycemia. Impacts include peers, school, sports, emotions, diet, preoccupation with the disease, conflict with parents (adolescents only) and parental supervision (children only). Disease management focused on checking blood glucose, giving insulin, carrying supplies, the pain of treatment, and adapting to management of the disease over time.
This study highlights the impact of T1D within the first two years of diagnosis in pediatric patients. It provides a conceptual foundation for the measurement of the benefit of medical or psychosocial interventions and monitoring while patients and their caregivers assimilate to the implications of the disease on their day-to-day lives.

Disclosure
E. Senior: Employee; Self; UCB, Inc. R. Fong: Employee; Self; UCB, Inc.. A. Christian: None. J.T. Markowitz: None. S. Strzok: None. T. Schmidt: None. K. Harris: Employee; Self; UCB, Inc.. P. Marquis: None.
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 in Patient with Medium-Chain Acyl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: MOLL GEORGE W. 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is an inborn error of fatty acid oxidation requiring carbohydrate (CHO) to avoid disabling encephalopathy with non-ketotic hypoglycemia. We report diagnosis and management of T1DM in an MCADD patient.
Case Presentation: Our patient was born prior to MCADD newborn screening. She did well until 2 months of age when she slept 12 hours without feeding and BG 20 mg/dl in ER required IV glucose. By 1 1/2 y/o she had 3 similar events. Pediatric endocrine identified MCADD. She avoided severe hypoglycemia by attending to CHO intake especially during illness. At 8 y/o, she noted glucosuria without ketonuria. Her test results were normal with hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) 5.3%. She responded well to adjusted CHO diet until 13 y/o when she noted lethargy with persistent high BG. T1DM was diagnosed with her HgbA1c 6.7%. We hypothesized long-acting glargine insulin could assist BG control without hypoglycemia. She responded well to insulin to maintain HgbA1c less than 7.5% until 15 years of age when she expressed compliance problems to present.
Results: Her MCADD presented with non-ketotic hypoglycemia events, normal plasma carnitine but elevated MCADD specific octanoyl-acyl-carnitine levels. A known MCADD mutation was identified. At 13 y/o her BG 335 mg/dl, abnormal insulin release and positive pancreas islet directed antibodies were consistent with T1DM. After 1 year glargine therapy alone she required additional insulin to maintain excellent T1DM control.
Discussion: MCADD requires early detection to reduce risk for tragic mortality and morbidity. Our patient requires CHO favored diet but is not obese as sometimes reported with MCADD. Management of her T1DM with MCADD requires insulin monitored to avoid hypoglycemia. T1DM is rarely or not reported in patients with MCADD.
Conclusion: BG control in MCADD patients must focus on avoiding hypoglycemia but consider T1DM or other DM when an MCADD patient has persistent hyperglycemia.

Disclosure
G.W. Moll: None.
DNA Repair Enzyme Ogg1 Regulates Hepatic Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice
Authors: YUZEFOVYCH LARYSA , SCHULER MICHELE , NOH HYE LIM , SUK SUJIN , KIM JASON K. , RACHEK LYUDMILA 
Published: June 2018

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance. The mtDNA is highly specialized and encodes for proteins essential for energy metabolism. Also, mtDNA damage heightens mitochondrial oxidative stress, which is very critical for insulin resistance. OGG1 (8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1) is a DNA glycosylase mediating the first step in the base excision repair which removes 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and repairs oxidized nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Previous studies showed that Ogg1 deficiency results in an increased susceptibility to high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance in mice, suggesting a crucial role of Ogg1 in glucose metabolism. In the current study, we performed a 2-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in wild type (WT) and Ogg1-/- (KO) mice after chronic feeding of low fat diet (LFD as controls) or HFD. On LFD, both WT and KO mice showed comparable body weight and insulin sensitivity. After 16 weeks of HFD, the KO mice were more obese than WT mice with significant increases in whole body fat mass. There was a strong trend of increased insulin resistance with lower glucose infusion rates and whole body glucose turnover and glycogen synthesis in HFD-fed KO mice compared to HFD-fed WT mice. Hepatic insulin action was significantly lower in the HFD-fed KO mice which was consistent with recent evidence showing Ogg1 regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis in the fed state. This is the first evidence demonstrating that Ogg1 contributes to HFD-induced insulin resistance in liver. Our findings suggest that protecting mtDNA from damage might be crucial to prevent insulin resistance and further identify therapeutic strategies for stimulating OGG1 as potential treatment of insulin resistance.

Disclosure
L. Yuzefovych: None. M. Schuler: None. H. Noh: None. S. Suk: None. J.K. Kim: None. L. Rachek: None.
Identifying Patients with GDM at Risk for GCK-MODY
Authors: DICKENS LAURA T. , LETOURNEAU LISA R. , SANYOURA MAY , PHILIPSON LOUIS H. , GREELEY SIRI ATMA W. , NAYLOR ROCHELLE N. 
Published: June 2018

GCK-MODY is characterized by stable, mild hyperglycemia without typical long-term diabetes complications. The prevalence of GCK-MODY is 0.1% in the general population. However patients are frequently misclassified as type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes. Since all pregnant women undergo glycemic assessment, there is an opportunity to identify women with GCK-MODY within the Obstetrics (OB) clinic.
The purpose of this study is to use retrospective data from the electronic medical record (EMR) to identify a combination of anthropometric and glycemic data that can differentiate women with GCK-MODY from those with gestational diabetes in a multiethnic United States population. A screening cohort of 927 study patients was identified through the University of Chicago Clinical Research Data Warehouse (CRDW) using the parameters of age &gt;=18, outpatient visit to the OB clinic from 2009 to present and ICD-9 or ICD-10 diagnosis code of pregnancy and diabetes.
A total of 1patients were identified who fulfilled criteria of BMI &lt; 30 kg/m2 and fasting glucose 99-145 mg/dL or HbA1c 5.6-7.6%. Twelve patients were excluded due to confirmed type 1 diabetes (n= 11) and secondary CF-related diabetes (n= 1). The final cohort are predominantly African-American (66%), followed by Asian/Mideast Indian (13%) and white (11%). Diagnoses based on ICD9/10 codes included gestational diabetes (52%), type 2 diabetes (41%), unconfirmed type 1 diabetes (4%), and secondary diabetes (2%). The average BMI using lowest recorded BMI was 25.6 (range 16-29.96 kg/m2). Average hemoglobin A1c was 6.0% and fasting glucose was 100.6 mg/dL. These patients will be contacted for study enrollment and genetic testing to determine the pickup rate of GCK-MODY using the proposed screening cutoffs in this multiethnic population.
The initial data indicate that the EMR can be used to identify patients at higher risk for GCK-MODY to undergo genetic testing. Several challenges were encountered including duplicate ICD codes but these did not preclude successful cohort identification.

Disclosure
L.T. Dickens: None. L.R. Letourneau: Other Relationship; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. M. Sanyoura: None. L.H. Philipson: Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Merck & Co., Inc.. Research Support; Self; JAEB Center For Health Research, JDRF, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. S.W. Greeley: Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. R.N. Naylor: None.
Current Impact of Diabetes on In-Hospital Survival and Complication Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Authors: DAURIZ MARCO , DREZZA LUCIA , SANTI LORENZA , ALTOMARI ANNA , RINALDI ELISABETTA , TARDIVO STEFANO , BOVO CHIARA , RIBICHINI FLAVIO , BONORA ENZO 
Published: June 2018

Prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide and outcomes after ACS are thought to improve. We assessed the prevalence of DM, previously known (known-DM) or newly-diagnosed (new-DM), in all patients (n=1,017, males 66.6%) admitted for ACS at the Intensive Coronary Care Unit of the Verona University Hospital from 1/1/2015 to 12/31/2016. DM was ascertained according to previous diagnosis, glucose-lowering therapy at admission/discharge or random plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L. The association of DM with in-hospital death, infectious/cardiorespiratory complications, duration and costs of hospitalization was tested in all patients and separately in known-DM and new-DM. The prevalence of DM was 27.2% (74.1% known-DM; 25.9% new-DM). In-hospital death rate was 4.72%. Compared to nondiabetic patients, those with DM showed an increased risk of death (7.6 vs. 3.6%; OR 2.17 95% CI, 1.20-3.90) and complications (34.4 vs. 23.9%; OR 1.67, 1.23-2.28), a longer hospital stay (median[IQR], 11 [7-17] vs. 8 [6-13] days), higher hospitalization costs (mean±SD, € 10,033±7,626 vs. 8,513±6,363) and more need of rehabilitation at discharge (10.8 vs. 5.9%); P&lt;0.for all comparisons. After multivariable adjustment (age, sex, BMI, e-GFR, LVEF, previous MI, lipid-lowering and anti-hypertensive drugs), DM remained an independent predictor of in-hospital death (OR 5.81, 1.31-25.7) but not complications (OR 1.14, 0.78-1.69). All study outcomes resulted significantly worse in new-DM vs. known-DM. In the former, ORs for in-hospital death and complications vs. nondiabetic controls were 2.40 (0.96-6.02) and 1.71 (0.99-2.96), respectively, while in known-DM figures were 2.09 (1.09-3.99) and 1.66 (1.18-2.33), respectively. These data highlight the extremely high frequency of DM in ACS and underscore the urgent need of strategies to anticipate DM diagnosis in patients at high cardiovascular risk.

Disclosure
M. Dauriz: None. L. Drezza: None. L. Santi: None. A. Altomari: None. E. Rinaldi: None. S. Tardivo: None. C. Bovo: None. F. Ribichini: None. E. Bonora: None.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients with and without Comorbid Diabetes Mellitus—Findings from the Yoga-CaRe Trial
Authors: SONI DIVYA , AMBALAM CHANDRASEKARAN M. , AJAY VAMADEVAN S. , SINGH KALPANA , SINGH KAVITA , PRAVEEN PRADEEP A. , ROY AMBUJ , MANCHANDA SUBHASH C. , MOHAN BISHAV , NEGI PRAKASH C. , BHAT PRABHAVATHI , SADANANDA K S. , R. PRASAD M. , RAGHAVA SARMA P.V. , NATARAJAN S , NARASIMHAN CALAMBUR , DESAI NAGARAJ , PATIL SHANKAR , CHADHA DAVINDER S. , CHANDRA SHARAD , KINRA SANJAY , PRABHAKARAN DORAIRAJ 
Published: June 2018

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known independent predictor of mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In addition, patients with DM may have other risk factors for AMI such as hypertension (HTN), tobacco use, physical inactivity. This study aimed to explore the distribution of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors among patients of AMI with and without DM. Yoga-CaRe, a multicenter randomized controlled trial, included patients of AMI (first or consequent AMI) with DM (n=856) and without DM (n=2330), aged 18-80 years from 24 cardiac centers across India. The baseline socio-demographics, clinical and behavioral characteristics of those with and without DM were analyzed using multivariable logistic/linear regression models, sequentially adjusted for age, gender, education and physical inactivity. Patients of AMI with DM were older as compared to those without DM (mean age 56.4± 9.4 vs. 51.9 ± 11.2). Patients with DM had higher odds of having hypertension, being physically inactive and had lower odds of self-reported ever tobacco use. Patients with DM had higher mean waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Table). No differences were found in body mass index between diabetes and nondiabetes groups.The observed differential distribution of CV risk factors in AMI patients with DM calls for a tailored rehabilitation plan.
Cardiovascular risk factors among AMI patients with diabetes vs. without diabetesVariableDiabetes (n=856)Without diabetes (n=2330)Adjusted OR/Regression coefficient* [95% CI]Ever tobacco use (%)34.2%49.2%0.73 [0.60-0.88]Physical inactivity (%)57.8%49.2%1.38 [1.18-1.62]Body Mass Index ≥25Kg/m2 (%)57.6%50.8%1.13 [0.95-1.34]Waist circumference (cm) (mean)99.3±20.792.3±17.94.7 [3.1-6.3]*Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (mean)123.4±17.2118.8±16.13.6 [2.3-4.9]*Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) (mean)76.7±10.774.9±10.31.9 [1.02-2.7] *Hypertension (%)53.1%18.6%3.8 [2.9-5.1]

Disclosure
D. Soni: None. C.M. Ambalam: None. V.S. Ajay: None. K. Singh: None. K. Singh: None. P.A. Praveen: None. A. Roy: None. S.C. Manchanda: None. B. Mohan: None. P.C. Negi: None. P. Bhat: None. K.S. Sadananda: None. P.M. R.: None. P. Sarma: None. S. Natarajan: None. C. Narasimhan: None. N. Desai: None. S. Patil: None. D.S. Chadha: None. S. Chandra: None. S. Kinra: None. D. Prabhakaran: None.
Saccharomyces Boulardii Attenuates Autonomic Cardiovascular Dysfunction and Modulates Inflammatory Cytokines in Diabetic Mice
Authors: BRANDÃO ANA B.P. , DE ABREU ISABEL C. , AIMBIRE FLAVIO , HIGA ELISA M. , CASALI ADENAUER , FERREIRA FABIANA G. , ALBUQUERQUE RAQUEL CRISTINA M. , SANTOS LETICIA B. , IRIGOYEN MARIA CLAUDIA C. , CASALI KARINA R. , CUNHA TATIANA S. 
Published: June 2018

The effects of probiotics on blood glucose and cardiovascular complications induced by diabetes have been inconsistent. Therefore, the aim was to assess the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) on metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-1-diabetes (STZ-T1D). Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into: control (C), diabetes (D), control+Sb (CSb) and diabetes+Sb (DSb) (n=6-12/group). Mice were made diabetic with STZ (150mg/kg) and daily treated with Sb (0,5x108 CFU) by oral gavage. After 8 weeks of treatment, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) signals obtained from conscious mice were recorded. Spectral analysis of systolic BP (BPV) and HR variabilities (HRV) was performed to estimate autonomic modulation to the heart and vessels. Plasma was collected and heart was excised for biochemical analyses. D mice presented metabolic dysfunction, with increased blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, as compared with C animals. On the other hand, treatment with Sb reduced blood glucose (DSb=238±39 vs. D=378±17 mg/dl) and triglycerides (DSb=121±11 vs. D=169±10 mg/dl), with no effect on cholesterol levels (DSb=119±4 vs. D=106±9 mg/dl). Probiotic treatment also reduced cardiac IL-6 (DSb=80±8 vs. D=113±13 pg/mg) and increased IL-10 (DSb=251±16 vs. D=185±11 pg/mg), leading to a beneficial impact on heart nitric oxide levels (DSb=12.4±1.3 vs. D=7.6±0.9 pg/mg). D mice presented a significant reduction in HRV, BPV and also in low-frequency component of systolic BP (SBP). Treatment of D mice with Sb increased HRV (DSb=20±0.9 vs. D=10±0.9 ms²), BPV (DSb=8±0.4 vs. D=5±0.3 mmHg²) and low-frequency component of SBP (DSb=98±8 vs. D=55±8 mmHg²). Our study shows, for the first time, that administration of Sb is strongly associated with glycemic control, cardiovascular protection and improvement of inflammatory profile in STZ-T1D.

Disclosure
A.B.P. Brandão: None. I.C. de Abreu: None. F. Aimbire: None. E.M. Higa: None. A. Casali: None. F.G. Ferreira: None. R.M. Albuquerque: None. L.B. Santos: None. M.C. Irigoyen: None. K.R. Casali: None. T.S. Cunha: None.
Association between Serum Amylase Level and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: ISHII DAI , FUJIHARA KAZUYA , HARADA MAYUKO , ISHIZAWA MASAHIRO , KODAMA SATORU , SAITO KAZUMI , MORI YASUMICHI , YAMAMOTO-HONDA RITSUKO , ARASE YASUSHI , SONE HIROHITO 
Published: June 2018

Although chronic pancreatitis is a known predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), no previous studies have determined whether serum amylase (AMY) could be a predictor of T2DM with consideration of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c. We analyzed a historical cohort of 2,238 individuals without T2DM who underwent health examinations on an annual basis with a mean follow-up period of 9.6 y. AMY was categorized into quartiles and a multivariate Cox model was used to estimate the hazard ratio for incident T2DM. During a 10-y follow-up, 228 individuals developed T2DM. Median and interquartile range of baseline AMY(IU/L) was 74(62-91). Baseline AMY was significantly lower for participants who developed T2D compared to those who did not (71(59-84) vs. 75(62-92), p &lt;0.001). When participants were stratified by age group (≤ 40 y, 41-50 y, 51-60 y, ≥ 61 y), AMY significantly increased with age among those who did not develop T2DM (p for trend &lt;0.001), whereas there was no such significant trend among those who developed T2DM (p for trend = 0.18). After multivariate adjustment, lower AMY was associated with increased risk of T2DM independently of HbA1c (Q4, ref.; Q3, 1.21(0.78-1.90); Q2, 1.91(1.23-2.97); Q1, 1.61(1.01-2.56), p for trend = 0.01), but the association was not significant when adjusted for FPG (Q4, ref.; Q3, 1.10(0.66-1.61); Q2, 1.42(0.92-2.21); Q1, 1.23(0.78-1.93), p for trend = 0.21). The significantly increased risk for T2DM according to lower AMY quartiles even after multivariate adjustment including HbA1c (Q4, ref; Q3, 1.71(0.65-4.54); Q2, 3.30(1.17-9.23); Q1, 5.21(1.91-14.20), p for trend &lt;0.001) was only found among those age ≥60 y.These results implied that low AMY is an independent predictor of T2DM especially among older people. Reasons for differences in effects of adjustment for HbA1c and FPG are unknown but are speculated to be associated with basal rather than postprandial glucose/insulin levels.

Disclosure
D. Ishii: None. K. Fujihara: None. M. Harada: None. M. Ishizawa: None. S. Kodama: None. K. Saito: None. Y. Mori: None. R. Yamamoto-Honda: None. Y. Arase: None. H. Sone: Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, MSD K.K., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Development Center Asia, Pte. Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sanofi, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc., Eisai Inc..
Clinical Characteristics of GADA-Positive Patients with Diabetes and the Role of GAD Antibody Assay to Reclassify the Diagnosis in a Limited Resource Setting
Authors: GOSWAMI PARIKSHIT J. , SABOO BANSHI D. , PATEL KAUSHAL K. , PATEL BHAVESH N. , WADHWA NAVNEET 
Published: June 2018

Patients with diagnosis of T2DM may also have islet antibodies typically associated with T1DM, as Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of the Adult (LADA). More than 90% of LADA patients in have antibodies against Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GADA). Prevalence of LADA is between 4% and 12% of all adults with a clinical T2D phenotype. T1DM in a limited resource setting is generally diagnosed based mainly on clinical features which may lead to misclassified diagnosis. We utilised GAD antibody assay to reassess the challenging referred cases in our speciality centre by biochemical evaluation. We explore the clinical characteristics one-year post diagnosis of T1DM to reclassify the diagnosis in 20 patients (males = 15, females = 5). The complications reported at the time of diagnosis were, peripheral neuropathy (n=3), hypoglycaemia (n=2), peripheral vascular disease (n=1) and amputation of both toes (n=1). Five patients reported positive family history. Mean age (years) 33 ± 8.4, 95% CI 29 - 37, min 18, max 55. Mean levels of HbA1c (%) was 11 ± 3.1, 95% CI 9.6 - 13, min 7.4, max 17. Mean levels of GAD antibody (IU /ml) was 50 ± 84, 95% CI 11 - 90, min 3.6, max 255. Patients were categorised into subgroups by GADA status, GADA low: ≤ 200 IU ml (n=, GADA high: &gt; 200 IU/ml. Three patients reported high GADA levels of which two were males and one female and two reported complications as amputation and hypoglycaemia. Following reclassification, nine patients were re-diagnosed as T2DM with the management plan shifted from primarily insulin based regimen to oral antidiabetics approach. Two patients each were re-diagnosed as Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) and early onset T2DM. Our study highlights the importance of GAD antibody assay for an early precise diagnosis in a limited resource setting.

Disclosure
P.J. Goswami: None. B.D. Saboo: None. K.K. Patel: None. B.N. Patel: None. N. Wadhwa: None.
The TenYear, Real-World Population-Based Study in Diabetes Nephropathy with Microproteinuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—Based on the Diabetes Case Management Program 2001, Taiwan
Authors: FUH MARTIN M.T. , CHEN PEI CHIN 
Published: June 2018

Background and Aims: In order to evaluate the nephropathy with microproteinuria in T2DM in usual clinical care and ensuing development of personalized medicine.
Materials and Methods: From Jan. 20to Dec. 2015, 14711 diabetes beneficiaries were randomly and cumulatively recruited in DCMP 2001 via outpatient clinic visit. Accordingly, the bi-annual urine and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) examinations were routinely performed in patients enrolled. Nephropathy with microproteinuria was defined that the ACR was ≧30. From this studied cohort, there were 222 cases without taking any antidiabetes medication except lifestyle intervention as Group I whereas, 14489 cases with diabetes drugs including insulin used classified as Group II and III. Matching with age, sex, duration of diabetes and A1c levels and with 1: 4 ratio of case number, there were 60 cases with A1c (%) (Mean± SD) 6.72± 0.96 in Group I, 240 cases in Group II with A1c 7.01± 0.85 and Group III with A1c 8.19± 1.13 respectively in last 10 years. Data analysis was performed by using ANOVA and log-rank test for the occurrence of diabetes nephropathy with microproteinuria.
Results: The baseline data among these 3 well-matched Groups were shown. There were no statistically significant difference of all metabolic measures among 3 Groups except FBG, A1c and serum TG that were significantly higher in Group III. The accumulating probability of diabetes nephropathy with microproteinuria amid these 3 Groups were totally identical and no statistically significant difference identified in 10-year time interval.
Conclusions: The results clearly indicated that the risk factors rather than antidiabetes medications of diabetes nephropathy, duration of disease and even long-term glycemic control would be considered in this T2DM population cohort.

Disclosure
M.M.T. Fuh: None. P. Chen: None.