bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MW‐SAM:Mangrove wetland remote sensing image segmentation network based on segment anything model
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Xin , Cai Jingye , Yang Qun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMangrove wetlands are important ecosystems in tropical and subtropical coastal areas, providing wind and wave attenuation and embankment protection functions. However, mangrove wetlands worldwide are facing severe loss and degradation. Accurate identification of mangrove wetland extent is crucial for their protection, but traditional methods struggle to meet the requirements of large‐scale, high‐precision identification. Furthermore, field data collection and annotation in wetlands in complex intertidal zones pose challenges, and the lack of high‐quality training samples limits the application of deep learning methods in this field. This paper proposes a novel semantic segmentation framework for mangrove wetlands called mangrove wetland remote sensing image segmentation network based on segment anything model (MW‐SAM) to address these issues. MW‐SAM is based on the pre‐trained SAM and achieves cross‐domain adaptation through parameter‐efficient fine‐tuning techniques. It introduces wetland‐specific prompts, auxiliary branches, semi‐supervised training, and iterative optimization strategies to improve accuracy and tackle the problem of sample scarcity. Moreover, on the mangrove wetland dataset constructed in this paper, MW‐SAM significantly outperforms SAM and other traditional methods. MW‐SAM provides a new technology for monitoring and protecting mangrove wetlands, and the constructed dataset will be made publicly available, which is expected to promote the development of mangrove wetland conservation efforts.
Pulsar-wind nebulae meeting the circumstellar media of their progenitors
Authors: Meyer D. M.-A. , Meliani Z. , Torres D. F. 
Published: October 2024

Context. A significative fraction of high-mass stars sail away through the interstellar medium of the galaxies. Once they evolved and died via a core-collapse supernova, a magnetised, rotating neutron star (a pulsar) is usually left over. The immediate surroundings of the pulsar is the pulsar wind, which forms a nebula whose morphology is shaped by the supernova ejecta and channelled into the circumstellar medium of the progenitor star in the pre-supernova time.
Aims. Irregular pulsar-wind nebulae display a large variety of radio appearances, screened by their interacting supernova blast wave, or harbour asymmetric up–down emission.
Methods. Here, we present a series of 2.5-dimensional (2 dimensions for the scalar quantities plus a toroidal component for the vectors) non-relativistic magneto-hydrodynamical simulations exploring the evolution of the pulsar-wind nebulae generated by a red supergiant and a Wolf-Rayet massive supernova progenitor, moving with Mach number M = 1 and M = 2 into the warm phase of the Galactic plane. In such a simplified approach, the progenitor’s direction of motion, the local ambient medium magnetic field, and the progenitor and pulsar axis of rotation, are all aligned; this restricted our study to peculiar pulsar-wind nebula of high-equatorial-energy flux.
Results. We find that the reverberation of the termination shock of the pulsar-wind nebulae, when sufficiently embedded into its dead stellar surroundings and interacting with the supernova ejecta, is asymmetric and differs greatly as a function of the past circumstellar evolution of its progenitor, which reflects into their projected radio synchrotron emission. This mechanism is particularly at work in the context of remnants involving slowly moving or very massive stars.
Conclusions. We find that the mixing of material in plerionic core-collapse supernova remnants is strongly affected by the asymmetric reverberation in their pulsar-wind nebulae.
Quantitative suppression of unsteady powerline noise in transient electromagnetic surveys: Adjustment of base-frequency and optimal choice of stacking-times
Authors: Jang Choljin , Sin Okchol , Jon Gwangbok 
Published: October 2024

Powerline noise is a severe interference source in urban or mine transient electromagnetic (TEM) surveys. TEM systems generally adopt the synchronous detection scheme to suppress the powerline noise. However, when the powerline frequency fluctuates differing from its nominal value (50/60 Hz), the considerable powerline noise residue still remains even after synchronous detection. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes the quantitative suppression method for powerline noise taking into account the instability of powerline frequency. The method is based on the adjustment of base-frequency and optimal choice of stacking-times. We represent mathematically the sufficient condition for powerline noise suppression by synchronous detection. It consists of two equations, one with respect to base-frequency and other with respect to stacking-times. The base-frequency is adjusted according to powerline frequency estimate. We first derive the mathematical relationship between frequency estimation accuracy, residual noise amplitude, and stacking-times. Based on it, we develop an efficient algorithm to determine the optimal stacking-times. The algorithm takes as an input the powerline noise estimates and the noise tolerance limit. The tolerance limit is set to a certain value desired by the user, such as 10, 4, and 1 µV. By adjusting base-frequency and determining optimal stacking-times, the powerline noise residue after synchronous detection is reduced to below the desired tolerance limit. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed method for both simulated and actual noise. Experimental results show that the method achieves quantitative suppression of unsteady powerline noise without any damage of effective signal and prevents the measurement time loss due to excessive stacking.
Enhancing longevity: the additional benefits of vaccination in older adults
Authors: Woodward Michael 
Published: October 2024

Vaccination of older people (over age 60) reduces the impact of some preventable microbial diseases but has additional benefits including reducing cancer, reducing dementia and preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. For instance, one study found herpes zoster vaccination reduces incident dementia by up to 28% over the subsequent 7 years. The mechanisms behind these additional benefits are being defined but likely include reduced inflammation and specific targeting of pathogenic proteins. These additional benefits emphasise the importance of a whole-of-life approach to vaccination.
Evidence from bare verbs for the future versus non-future split in Creoles
Authors: Prescod Paula 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Vincentian Creole makes a future/non-future temporal distinction on the basis of the categorisation proposed in
several studies, according to which languages combining present and future make a past/non-past distinction and those using the
same form for past and present make a future/non-future tense opposition. In Vincentian Creole examples of absolute tense,
underspecified (or unmarked) predicates do not generally obtain a future interpretation: only readings in the past tense (for
dynamic predicates) or the present (for non-dynamic predicates) are available. Thus, predicates in the future tense are
unambiguous regardless of the lexical aspect of these predicates, unlike the context of past and present tense interpretations
which I explored in my previous column. Evidence from other English-related creoles supports this claim.
Biodiversity and plant-insect interactions in fragmented habitats: A systematic review
Authors: Ojija Fredrick 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fragmentation is threatening insect biodiversity and intricate interactions in various ecosystems. Ecological interactions – especially those involving plants and insects – are significantly impacted by fragmented habitats. Because of fragmentation, edge effects and reduced habitat connectivity and quality affect insect species diversity, abundance, behavior, movement, life cycles, and interactions with plants, e.g., pollination, herbivory, and seed distribution. To a large degree, ecosystem services or processes are mediated by these interactions. While fragmented habitats create suitable conditions for invasive alien plants (IAPs), such invasions modify native plant composition and herbivorous insect communities because they cause a decline or loss in insect biodiversity. A systematic review was conducted by reviewing eighty-eight (88) articles to gather evidence for fragmentation effects on insect biodiversity, insects’ behavior and adaptations, plant-insect interactions (i.e., pollination, herbivory, and seed dispersal), and its influence on IAP invasions. This review deduced that any change in insect community composition and diversity due to fragmentation can have cascading effects on ecosystem processes within habitats. It further contends that successful conservation and management of fragmented habitats requires an understanding of the intricate dynamics of plant-insect interactions. However, the long-term resilience and health of ecosystems can be guaranteed by supporting sustainable land use, improving connectivity, and restoring habitats. These actions may help stop and/or reduce the effects of fragmentation on insect biodiversity and support the livelihoods and well-being of millions of people.
Bridging external and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopies through computational simulations
Authors: Vieira L G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work provides an integrated view of attenuated total reflection (ATR) and external reflection (ER) for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students beginning their study of infrared spectroscopy. The theoretical framework of reflectance is reviewed, and a computational tool developed using GNU Octave is presented to model ER and ATR spectra. Simulating spectra demonstrates how ER spectra evolve to ATR spectra by modifying relevant parameters. This unified approach offers advanced students a deeper understanding of infrared spectroscopy, enhancing their ability to correctly interpret ATR spectra and avoid common pitfalls. The computational exercises and provided code serve as valuable educational resources for exploring reflectance behaviour under different conditions.
A VOx-based optoelectronic memristor for application in visual perception
Authors: Pal Pratibha , Kumbhar Dhananjay D , Li Hanrui , Tytov Serhii , Syed Abdul Momin , El-Atab Nazek 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
While biological vision systems excel at in-memory processing with low power consumption, traditional silicon-based vision chips struggle with high energy demands. This gap motivates the exploration of alternative materials for artificial intelligence applications. This paper presents a VOx-based optoelectronic synaptic memristive device. The proposed artificial synaptic device ITO/VO
x
/Pt mimics biological functions such as potentiation (P), depression (D), long-term memory, short-term memory (STM), and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF). The PPF index, standing at 105%, suggests a favorable pattern in STM function. The device served as synapses within a spiking neural network showing an achievable pattern classification accuracy of 88.68%, highlighting the potential of the VO
x
synaptic device for pattern classification tasks. The suggested VO
x
-based synaptic devices could represent an efficient pattern recognition and visual perception application.
Control of coherent phonon dynamics in CoFeB/heavy metal heterojunction structures for future hybrid phononic and spintronic devices
Authors: Fang Ning , Wang Lei , Harris Nico , Teklu Alem , Kuthirummal Narayanan , Brennan Christian , Kern Noah , McConnell Aeron , Sun Dali , Zhou Ziyao , Gong Yu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The heterojunction structure of CoFeB/heavy metal has shown significant potential for spintronics, where both electrons and magnons potentially can serve as information carriers. However, another promising information carrier, coherent phonons, has not been fully explored for hybrid phononic and spintronic devices. In this study, we used time-resolved pump–probe spectroscopy to investigate the dynamic behaviour of coherent phonons. We observed variations in reflectivity spectra, corresponding to changes in phonon frequency and relaxation times, with different thicknesses of the heavy metal and CoFeB layers. The experimental results demonstrated a decrease in coherent phonon oscillation frequency as the thickness of the CoFeB and heavy metal layers increased. These findings were further supported by first-principles calculations, which showed that the frequency of the optical modes is suppressed due to interface relaxation between the magnetic and heavy metal layers.
Insights into mixed dye pollutant degradation by oxygen and air plasma bubbling array
Authors: Huang Jun , Luo Qianqian , Liu Fang , Xiao Yujun , Wang Xingquan , Li Mengchao , Tan Menghao , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Synthetic organic dye pollutants pose a serious threat to the aquatic ecological environment due to their difficulty in complete degradation. This study employed a plasma bubble array reactor to degrade individual and mixed dye pollutant solutions of sunset yellow (SY), methyl orange (MO), and methyl violet (MV). The degradation efficiencies and mechanisms of the plasma were investigated under different working gas atmospheres. It was found that oxygen plasma degraded the target dyes and their mixtures more significantly than air plasma. Specifically, compared with air plasma, the removal of single dyes SY, MO and MV by oxygen plasma was increased by 76.6%, 13.8% and 3%, respectively, after 20 min of treatment. As for mixed dyes, after 25 min treatment, oxygen plasma removed 99.1%, which was 31.6% higher than air plasma. However, the degradation kinetic order in oxygen plasma was SY > MO > MV, while that in air plasma was MV > MO > SY. Combined with the detection of reactive oxygen–nitrogen species, the results showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) played an important role in the degradation of SY, and it was also important for the degradation of MO, whereas both the ROS and reactive nitrogen species were important for the degradation of MV. Scavenger experiments revealed that hydroxyl (·OH) and superoxide anion (·O2
−) played the most important roles in the degradation process. The three dyes were basically completely degraded within 14–20 min of treatment, with corresponding yields of 3.08–4.43 g kWh−1. Possible degradation pathways for each dye were deduced based on LC-MS and the toxicities of solutions were evaluated by phytotoxicity tests and ion chromatography. The results showed that the biotoxicity of the intermediates was significantly reduced. This study may provide a feasible option for effective application of plasma technology in organic dye wastewater treatment.
First-principles studies of strain-tunable InN monolayer: applications for switching and optoelectronic devices
Authors: Xu Zhong-Hui , Wang Zhenyu , Jiang Junlin , Wei Kaiyu , Liu Guogang , Ke San-Huang , Luo Bing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are attracting significant attention for their potential applications in the post-Moore era. In this work, we systematically investigate the effect of strains on the electronic structure, transport and optoelectronic properties of 2D Indium nitride (InN) monolayer using density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function methods. The results show that strains can modulate the electronic properties. Specifically, biaxial strain triggers the transition from semiconductor to metal and indirect to direct band gap. On this basis, the constructed InN-based nanodevice exhibits current switching ratios up to 1010. In addition, the optoelectronic device based on InN monolayer exhibits a robust photoelectric response in the red light. Meanwhile, biaxial strain can improve the optoelectronic performance of InN-based optoelectronic devices. The compressive strains blue-shift the photocurrent peaks of the InN monolayer, which effectively modulates its detection range in the visible light region. These findings underscore the potential applications in nanotechnology, particularly in nano-switches and optoelectronic devices.
Single- and dual-band high-order polarization rotating frequency selective surface
Authors: Xu Honghui , Zhou Dongfang , Liu Qikun , Wang Xian , Tang Min , Qian Hang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work presents the design and development of dual- and single-band polarization rotating frequency selective surfaces (PR-FSSs) based on aperture-coupled patch multimode resonators. Initially, an open-loop slot is incorporated into the patch of a second-order resonator to design a dual-band second-order PR-FSS (DPR-FSS), which enables effective polarization rotation and frequency selection across two distinct passbands. Then, to develop a single-band fourth-order PR-FSS (SPR-FSS), we introduce a metallic via into the DPR-FSS. This modification results in a single-band fourth-order response. The SPR-FSS offers a bandwidth of 41% with minimal insertion loss and high roll-off characteristics. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed structures. Good agreement can be observed between simulation and measurement.
Decay characteristic of gas arc in C4F7N/N2 and C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture by Thomson scattering
Authors: Liu Tianxiao , Sun Hao , Li Gang , Zhang Yushi , Wang Jiru , Xiao Jianqiao , Lu Yang , Niu Chunping , Wu Yi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
C4F7N/N2 and C4F7N/CO2 gas mixtures are considered potential alternative gases to SF6, and it is of particular significance to investigate the plasma decay process in these mixtures for evaluating their circuit breaker breaking performance. To comprehend the decay process of electron density(n
e) in arc plasma within C4F7N/N2 and C4F7N/CO2 gas mixtures, an arc-generating circuit and a Thomson scattering experiment platform were established. Through coherent Thomson scattering diagnosis of gas arc plasma under various gas mixture conditions, a series of electron density results over time and space were obtained. The findings suggest that the initial electron density of the arc plasma diminishes with an increase in the proportion of C4F7N, and electron density decay is further accelerated as the proportion of C4F7N increases. Moreover, it was observed that the electron density decay rate is higher in the C4F7N/N2 mixture compared to the C4F7N/CO2 mixture. Notably, the electron decay rate in a 50% C4F7N/N2 mixture closely resembles that observed in pure SF6.
The strong coupling constant: state of the art and the decade ahead
Authors: d’Enterria D , Kluth S , Zanderighi G , Ayala C , Benitez-Rathgeb M A , Blümlein J , Boito D , Brambilla N , Britzger D , Camarda S , Cooper-Sarkar A M , Cridge T , Cvetič G , d’Enterria D , Dalla Brida M , Deur A , Giuli F , Golterman M , Hoang A H , Huston J , Jamin M , Kluth S , Kotikov A V , Krivokhizhin V G , Kronfeld A S , Leino V , Lipka K , Mäkelä T , Malaescu B , Maltman K , Marzani S , Mateu V , Moch S , Monni P F , Nadolsky P , Nason P , Nesterenko A V , Pérez-Ramos R , Peris S , Petreczky P , Pich A , Rabbertz K , Ramos A , Reichelt D , Rodríguez-Sánchez A , Rojo J , Saragnese M , Sawyer L , Schott M , Schumann S , Shaikhatdenov B G , Sint S , Soyez G , Teca D , Vairo A , Vos M , Waits C , Weber J H , Wobisch M , Xie K , Zanderighi G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Theoretical predictions for particle production cross sections and decays at colliders rely heavily on perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) calculations, expressed as an expansion in powers of the strong coupling constant α

S
. The current

O
(
1
%
)

uncertainty of the QCD coupling evaluated at the reference Z boson mass,

α

S

(

m

Z

2

)
=
0.1179
±
0.0009

, is one of the limiting factors to more precisely describe multiple processes at current and future colliders. A reduction of this uncertainty is thus a prerequisite to perform precision tests of the Standard Model as well as searches for new physics. This report provides a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art, challenges, and prospects in the experimental and theoretical study of the strong coupling. The current

α

S

(

m

Z

2

)

world average is derived from a combination of seven categories of observables: (i) lattice QCD, (ii) hadronic τ decays, (iii) deep-inelastic scattering and parton distribution functions fits, (iv) electroweak boson decays, hadronic final-states in (v) e+e−, (vi) e–p, and (vii) p–p collisions, and (viii) quarkonia decays and masses. We review the current status of each of these seven

α

S

(

m

Z

2

)

extraction methods, discuss novel α

S
determinations, and examine the averaging method used to obtain the world-average value. Each of the methods discussed provides a ‘wish list’ of experimental and theoretical developments required in order to achieve the goal of a per-mille precision on

α

S

(

m

Z

2

)

within the next decade.
Sensitivity of wavelet-based optical flow velocimetry (wOFV) to common experimental error sources
Authors: Schmidt Bryan E , Page Wayne E , Jassal Gauresh Raj , Sutton Jeffrey A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The influence of several potential error sources and non-ideal experimental effects on the accuracy of a wavelet-based optical flow velocimetry (wOFV) method when applied to tracer particle images is evaluated using data from a series of synthetic flows. Out-of-plane particle displacements, severe image noise, laser sheet thickness reduction, and image intensity non-uniformity are shown to decrease the accuracy of wOFV in a similar manner to correlation-based particle image velocimetry (PIV). For the error sources tested, wOFV displays a similar or slightly increased sensitivity compared to PIV, but the wOFV results are still more accurate than PIV when the magnitude of the non-ideal effects remain within expected experimental bounds. For the majority of test cases, the results are significantly improved by using image pre-processing filters and the magnitude of improvement is consistent between wOFV and PIV. Flow divergence does not appear to have an appreciable effect on the accuracy of wOFV velocity estimation, even though the underlying fluid transport equation on which wOFV is based implicitly assumes that the motion is divergence-free. This is a significant finding for the broader applicability of planar velocimetry measurements using wOFV. Finally, it is noted that the accuracy of wOFV is not reduced notably in regions of the image between tracer particles, as long as the overall seeding density is not too sparse i.e. below 0.02 particles per pixel. This explicitly demonstrates that wOFV (when applied to particle images) yields an accurate whole field measurement, and not only at or adjacent to the discrete particle locations.