bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen
Authors: ZAJONZ UWE , LAVERGNE EDOUARD , BOGORODSKY SERGEY V. , SAEED FOUAD NASEEB , AIDEED MOTEAH SHEIKH , KRUPP FRIEDHELM 
Published: July 2019

The Socotra Archipelago, located in the eastern Gulf of Aden, has a unique marine environment which combines tropical and ‘pseudo-temperate’ elements. Studies on the fish biogeography of the archipelago, partially framed in regional studies, have substantially outpaced critical elementary research on the archipelago’s fish diversity. The present study seeks to close this gap and identifies the Socotra Archipelago as a major hotspot of coastal fish diversity in the Indian Ocean. The archipelago supports unique coastal fish assemblages which are predominantly composed of coral-associated (“reef”) species, in spite of the limited biogenic reef frameworks. A Preliminary Checklist comprises 682 species with confirmed records and a “Working List” includes an additional 51 records, totalling 733 faunal records in 108 families. The family Labridae is the most speciose, followed by Gobiidae, Pomacentridae, Serranidae and Chaetodontidae. The species richness of the archipelago is the highest when compared to adjacent Arabian ecoregions. The richness of the Acanthuridae, Chaetodontidae, Labridae, Pomacentridae and Pseudochromidae stand out as particularily high, and the richness of several families is as high as or higher than in the entire Red Sea. The total archipelagic richness is extrapolated at up to 875 species based on incidence-based richness models and expert opinion. Inshore fish inventories, covering 497 species, found between 14 and 132 species per site (x̄ = 66). Site diversity decreased across the archipelago from west to east and from north to south. Total fish diversity was highest around Socotra Island, followed by Abd al-Kuri & Kal Farun and Darsa & Samha. Occurrence frequencies were very unevenly distributed and dominated by Pomacentrus caeruleus and Thalassoma lunare, whilst many species were infrequent. The fish assemblages are dominated by species from the Indo-West Pacific and the north-western Indian Ocean. The assemblages are rich in rare species and hybrids, and include a low number of endemics (4–5), and a high number of species with far-reaching and Western Indian Ocean ranges.
A Comparative Analysis Between Primary and Secondary Nasal Tip Drooping
Authors: Min Hyun Jin , Lee Sae Bin , Kim Kyung Soo 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Recently, many commercial one-piece alloplastic materials are used in nasal dorsum augmentation and increased nasal tip projection, but there is no study about their effects with regard to size on nasal shape so far. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of oversized one-piece alloplastic implant on nasal tip projection. Methods: We categorized nasal tip drooping as primary (group 1: no rhinoplasty or trauma history) and secondary (group 2: previous history of augmentation rhinoplasty with one-piece alloplastic materials), and retrospectively compared the characteristics of primary and secondary nasal tip drooping on the basis of pre- and postoperative rhinological parameters (nasolabial angle [NLA], rotation angle, nasofrontal angle [NFA], and Goode ratio). Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled and completely reviewed. The mean age was 27.46 years (ranging from 19 to 49 years) in group 1 and 31.33 years (ranging from 20 to 47 years) in group 2. The postoperative NLA and rotation angle were not statistically different between 2 groups, but the postoperative NFA and postoperative Goode ratio were statistically different between 2 groups by independent t test. When we further performed univariate and multivariate analysis, the postoperative Goode ratio was the only factor that was significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Insertion of one-piece alloplastic implants from nasal tip glabella to dome of nasal tip may induce secondary nasal tip drooping. The degree of recovery of nasal tip projection is different between 2 groups and may be obtained by a more delicate surgical techniques.
Comparison of financial support for family caregivers of people at the end of life across six countries: A descriptive study
Authors: Gardiner Clare , Taylor Beth , Robinson Jackie , Gott Merryn 
Published: July 2019

Background: Family caregivers of people at the end of life can face significant financial burden. While appropriate financial support can reduce the burden for family caregivers, little is known about the range and adequacy of financial support, welfare and benefits for family caregivers across countries with similarly developed health care systems. Aim: The aim is o identify and compare sources of financial support for family caregivers of people approaching the end of life, across six countries with similarly performing health care systems (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States). Design: A survey of financial support, welfare and benefits for end of life family caregivers was completed by 99 palliative care experts from the six countries. Grey literature searches and academic database searches were also conducted. Comparative analyses of all data sources documented financial support within and between each country. Results: Some form of financial support for family caregivers is available in all six countries; however the type, extent and reach of support vary. Financial support is administered by multiple agencies, eligibility criteria for receiving support are numerous and complex, and there is considerable inequity in the provision of support. Conclusion: Numerous barriers exist to the receipt of financial support, welfare and benefits. We identified several areas of concern, including a lack of clarity around eligibility, inconsistent implementation, complexity in process and limited support for working carers. Nonetheless, there is significant potential for policymakers to learn from other countries’ experiences, particularly with regard to the scope and operationalisation of financial support.
The Rate of Profit, Aggregate Demand, and the Long Economic Expansion in the United States since 2009
Authors: Kotz David M. 
Published: July 2019

The current economic expansion in the United States, which began in the summer of 2009, has lasted for more than nine years as of this writing, making it the second longest expansion since the end of World War II. The previous two expansions, of the 1990s and 2000s, were prolonged by big asset bubbles, which have played a key role in the neoliberal era in promoting long economic expansions. However, the current expansion has not seen an asset bubble large enough to significantly affect the macroeconomy. This paper examines the expansion since 2009 by analyzing the movements of the rate of profit, and its determinants, and the role of aggregate demand, with the aim of determining the factors that have kept crisis tendencies at bay so far. JEL Classification: E32, E30, E11, E02
Remission and long-term outcomes of proliferative lupus nephritis: retrospective study of 96 patients from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almalki A H , Alrowaie F A , Alhozali H M , Almalki N K , Alsubei A I , Alturki M S , Sadagah L F 
Published: July 2019

Background Few data are available about the rate of short-term remission and its impact on the long-term outcomes of proliferative lupus nephritis in the Middle East. Methods An observational study was carried out involving 96 adult patients with biopsy-proven focal or diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN) from four different hospitals. Data on induction, remission and long-term outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 96 patients with biopsy-proven PLN (median age 27 (IQR: 21,34) years, 85% women and median duration of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) prior to diagnosis 27 (IQR: 11, 55) months), 67% developed remission at 6 months (proportion 0.67; 95% CI 0.57, 0.76). Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was used in 45/96 (47%), CYC in 41/95 (43%) and other agents in 10/96 (10%). The choice of MMF as induction agent has increased in recent years. Among baseline characteristics, only histologic activity was found to have a significant association with remission, with active lesions more likely to remit than active/chronic and chronic lesions (AOR 6.5, 95% CI 1.44–29.39, p = 0.015). Based on Kaplan–Meier analysis, the 5-year renal survival rate without doubling serum creatinine was 73.8%. Compared to patients with complete remission, lower long-term renal survival rates were observed in patients with no remission (89.7 versus 43%, p = 0.001) and partial remission (89.7 versus 77.6%, p = 0.256). The cumulative rate of doubling serum creatinine, dialysis, relapse and death was 23%, 11%, 10% and 5%, respectively, at 48-month median follow up. Conclusion Approximately two-thirds of patients with PLN develop remission in response to standard induction therapy. Remission was negatively associated with the presence of chronic changes in renal biopsy. Overall, MMF is the most commonly used agent to induce remission; however, with more severe disease CYC, is used more frequently. PLN is associated with significant long-term renal outcomes including a 26% cumulative rate of doubling of serum creatinine at 5 years. Initial remission predicts this long-term renal survival.
Multimodal imaging of pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy
Authors: Alafaleq Munirah , Georgeon Cristina , Grieve Kate , Borderie Vincent M 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess structural and histological changes associated with pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy with multimodal in vivo imaging. Methods: Retrospective case series including eight corneas from four unrelated male patients with pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy characterized by the presence of punctiform gray opacities located just anterior to the Descemet membrane at slit-lamp examination of both eyes. In vivo confocal microscopy images were obtained in the central, paracentral, and peripheral corneal zones from the superficial epithelial cell layer down to the corneal endothelium in both eyes. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans (central and limbal zones) and mapping of both corneas were acquired. Results: Diffuse small extracellular stromal deposits, presence of enlarged hyperreflective keratocytes in the posterior stroma with either hyperreflective or hyporeflective intracellular dots, and presence of activated keratocytes in the very anterior stroma were observed in all corneas with in vivo confocal microscopy. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans showed a hyperreflective line anterior to Descemet’s membrane running from limbus to limbus and associated with a second thinner hyperreflective line just beneath Bowman’s layer. Fine hyperreflective particles were observed in the posterior, mid, and anterior stroma on optical coherence tomography scans. Conclusion: The clinical presentation and structural anomalies found in isolated sporadic pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy are in favor of a degenerative process affecting corneal keratocytes with no epithelial or endothelial involvement. The maximum damage is found just anterior to the Descemet membrane resulting in pre-Descemet membrane location of stromal opacities. Multimodal imaging of cornea reveals that the disorder affects the whole stroma and it permits better understanding of pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy pathophysiology together with ascertained diagnosis.
Screening of problem gambling among a homeless population in Warsaw
Authors: Wieczorek Łukasz , Stokwiszewski Jakub , Klingemann Justyna I 
Published: July 2019

Background: While homelessness and problem gambling are both recognised as social and public health concerns and the prevalence of addictive disorders among homeless populations tends to be high. These questions have been studied predominantly independently. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the co-occurrence of the two phenomena among the homeless population using shelters and night shelters in Warsaw, and, more specifically, to provide information about the forms and frequency of gambling in this homeless population. Method: Homeless persons ( N = 690) were interviewed in rehabilitation-shelters ( n = 17) and night-shelters ( n = 2) in Warsaw from November 2015 until January 2016. The core component of the questionnaire was a screening test (Problem Gambling Severity Index). In addition, data regarding the intensity of gambling and various types of games or settings were collected. Results: The prevalence of problem gambling in this population of homeless people was 11.3%, whereas the prevalence of problem gambling in the general population in Poland is much lower (0.7%). Similarly to the general population, the most prevalent gambling games in the homeless population were lotteries; however, homeless people gambled in lotteries almost three times more often compared to the general population. Conclusions: This is the first study examining the prevalence of problem gambling in the homeless population in Poland. The findings of the study suggest that problem gambling among the homeless is a significant social and public health concern. High rates of problem gambling in the homeless population show the need to identify and monitor this problem in shelters and consequently to provide easier access to gambling treatment or prevention programmes.
Repair of a true extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm with transposition surgery in a pediatric patient: A rare case
Authors: Ada Fatih , Polat Vural 
Published: July 2019

Objectives Atherosclerosis is the most common etiologic factor for extracranial carotid artery aneurysm in adults, while in childhood, connective tissue diseases, peritonsillar abscess and infections are the most common. Congenital carotid artery aneurysms are rarely reported in the literature. Methods We present a 10-year-old girl with congenital extracranial left internal carotid artery aneurysm and the treatment management. Results Computed tomography angiography at six months showed that internal carotid artery segments were normal. There was no obstruction or aneurysm recurrence. Conclusions Although extracranial carotid artery aneurysms are rare, they can cause complications such as rupture and thromboembolism with high mortality and morbidity. Therefore, the treatment of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms is recommended.
The footwear experiences of people with gout: a qualitative study
Authors: Frecklington Mike , Williams Anita , Dalbeth Nicola , McNair Peter , Gow Peter , Rome Keith 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFootwear is an important concern for people with gout, who often describe difficulty finding suitable footwear. Previous studies have identified footwear as a major concern for people with gout. The aim of this study was to carry out an exploration of the footwear experiences of people with gout.MethodsA qualitative descriptive methodological approach was used for both data collection and analysis. A purposive sampling strategy was adopted with semi‐structured interviews conducted, involving 11 participants with gout. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key meanings and patterns within the data.ResultsFour key themes derived from interviews included; (1) comfort as a priority, (2) knowing what to buy, (3) knowing what to wear, and (4) challenges of different environments. Footwear comfort was of great importance and linked to characteristics of footwear, with uncomfortable footwear negatively influencing participation in daily activities. The balancing of comfort, appearance and cost, led to less options and reduced confidence when shoe shopping. Footwear use was further limited by the presence of foot tophi and flares, resulting in compromise of footwear choice. Environments such as formal settings and the workplace, led to different footwear requirements.ConclusionPeople with gout experience problems with footwear which can impact many aspects of life. Health care professionals should consider these footwear‐related issues to help facilitate those with gout in finding appropriate footwear.
Objective digital phenotypes of worry severity, pain severity and pain chronicity in persons living with HIV
Authors: Jacobson Nicholas C. , O'Cleirigh Conall 
Published: July 2019

SummaryPersons living with HIV report experiencing disproportionally severe and chronic pain and worry. However, no objective biomarkers of these subjective experiences have been developed. To address the lack of objective measures and assist in treatment planning, this study examined whether digital biomarkers of pain severity, pain chronicity and worry could be developed, using passive wearable sensors that continuously monitor movement. Results suggest that digital biomarkers can predict pain severity (r[35] = 0.690), pain chronicity (74.63% accuracy) and worry severity (r[65] = 0.642) with high precision, suggesting that objective digital biomarkers alone accurately capture internal symptom experiences in persons living with HIV.Declaration of interestN.C.J. is the owner of a free application published on the Google Play Store entitled ‘Mood Triggers’. He does not receive any direct or indirect revenue from his ownership of the application (i.e. the application is free, there are no advertisements and the data is only being used for research purposes). C.O. has no conflicts to declare.
Normal values and test–retest variability of stimulated-echo diffusion tensor imaging and fat fraction measurements in the muscle
Authors: Farrow Matthew , Grainger Andrew J , Tan Ai Lyn , Buch Maya H , Emery Paul , Ridgway John P , Feiweier Thorsten , Tanner Steven F , Biglands John 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
To assess the test–retest variability of both diffusion parameters and fat fraction (FF) estimates in normal muscle, and to assess differences in normal values between muscles in the thigh.

Methods:
29 healthy volunteers (mean age 37 years, range 20–60 years, 17/29 males) completed the study. Magnetic resonance images of the mid-thigh were acquired using a stimulated echo acquisition mode-echoplanar imaging (STEAM-EPI) imaging sequence, to assess diffusion, and 2-point Dixon imaging, to assess FF. Imaging was repeated in 19 participants after a 30 min interval in order to assess test–retest variability of the measurements.

Results:
Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for test–retest variability were 0.99 [95% confidence interval, (CI): 0.98, 1] for FF, 0.94 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.97) for mean diffusivity and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.96) for fractional anisotropy (FA). FF was higher in the hamstrings than the quadriceps by a mean difference of 1.81% (95% CI:1.63, 2.00)%, p &lt; 0.001. Mean diffusivity was significantly lower in the hamstrings than the quadriceps (0.26 (0.13, 0.39) x10- 3 mm2s−1, p &lt; 0.001) whereas fractional anisotropy was significantly higher in the hamstrings relative to the quadriceps with a mean difference of 0.063 (0.05, 0.07), p &lt; 0.001.

Conclusions:
This study has shown excellent test-retest, variability in MR-based FF and diffusion measurements and demonstrated significant differences in these measures between hamstrings and quadriceps in the healthy thigh.

Advances in knowledge:
Test–retest variability is excellent for STEAM-EPI diffusion and 2-point Dixon-based FF measurements in the healthy muscle. Inter- and intraobserver variability were excellent for region of interest placement for STEAM-EPI diffusion and 2-point Dixon-based FF measurements in the healthy muscle. There are significant differences in FF and diffusion measurements between the hamstrings and quadriceps in the normal muscle.
Cuando el sentimiento y la música se encuentran. La praxis sonoro-emocional en las marchas de protesta en la Ciudad de México 2015-2018
Authors: Granados Sevilla Alan Edmundo 
Published: July 2019

Este artículo presenta un primer acercamiento al trabajo y enmarcado emocional que realizan los manifestantes a través de dos expresiones sonoras centrales en las marchas de protesta: la consigna cantada y la música. Con base en la etnografía sonora, que recupera la dimensión acústica de la acción, las actividades productoras de sonido y sus significados, se analiza la producción sonora de distintos contingentes en once marchas que ocurrieron en la Ciudad de México entre 2015 y 2018; la finalidad es revelar algunas de las funciones emocionales que se realizan por medio de la música y la consigna. A la luz de los aportes teóricos de la psicología de la música y el enfoque constructivista de las emociones, nuestro análisis revela que la música y la consigna cumplen funciones emocionales que están condicionadas por sus rasgos estructurales y estilísticos. Por otra parte, a través de las consignas, las emociones se despliegan retóricamente, los procesos de enmarcado cognitivo se complementan con un discurso afectivo y se expresan las orientaciones culturales del movimiento. La música, por su parte, también verbaliza emociones; además, juega un papel central en la dinamización y modulación de los afectos necesarios para la protesta.
The Effect of Franchising on Store Performance: Evidence from an Ownership Change
Authors: Ackermann Jeff 
Published: July 2019

Although many franchisors choose to own some stores and franchise others, attempts to estimate the effect of franchising on store performance are hampered by an important selection issue: The franchisor may choose to assign the least desirable locations to franchisees. I overcome this issue by using a 2007 corporate sale that resulted in all franchisor-owned Applebee’s stores in Texas being sold to franchisees as a source of exogenous variation. I first find evidence that both observable and unobservable location-level factors were important in Applebee’s decision to own or franchise a store prior to the corporate sale. I next estimate the effect of franchising on store performance and find that franchising an Applebee’s store increases its alcohol revenues by 15%. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.