bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery-Based Iliac Bone Flap Transfer for Reconstruction of Bony Defects
Authors: Iida Takuya , Yamamoto Takumi , Hayashi Akitatsu , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko 
Published: May 2018

Background The superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA)-based iliac bone flap has yet to be widely used. The purpose of this article is to validate the feasibility of SCIA-based iliac bone flap transfers for reconstruction of small to moderate-sized bony defects. Retrospective outcome comparisons between SCIA-based iliac bone flaps and fibula flaps were made.
Methods Twenty-six patients with bony tissue defects underwent reconstructions using either free SCIA-based iliac bone flaps (13) or fibula flaps (13). Outcomes were evaluated 9 months after the reconstruction on the following basis: bone length, pedicle length, skin paddle area, bone union, donor-site complications, skin paddle survival, and complications at the reconstructed site.
Results There was no statistically significant difference in pedicle length (iliac bone vs. fibula; 5.5 ± 1.8 vs. 4.1 ± 1.5 cm; p = 0.181), in bone union rate (iliac bone vs. fibula; 100 vs 92.3%; p = 0.308), in donor-site complication rate (iliac bone vs. fibula; 0 vs. 7.7%; p = 0.308), or in skin paddle complete survival rate (iliac bone vs. fibula; 100 vs. 83.3%; p = 0.125). Statistically significant differences were observed in bone flap length (iliac bone vs. fibula; 4.8 ± 2.2 vs. 11.1 ± 4.8 cm; p = 0.0005), in skin paddle area (superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap vs. peroneal artery perforator flap; 58.8 ± 35.6 vs. 27.7 ± 17.5 cm2; p = 0.0343), and in reconstructed site complication rate (iliac bone vs. fibula; 0 vs. 30.8%; p = 0.030).
Conclusion In our series of SCIA-based iliac bone flap transfers, up to 8 × 3 cm could be procured along the iliac crest. When compared with fibula flap transfers, there were no significant statistical differences in pedicle length or in bone union rate; the SCIA-based iliac bone flap may be a feasible option for bony defects of small to moderate size.
Systemic Intravenous Thrombolysis for Massive Pulmonary Embolism after Intracranial Surgery for Traumatic Head Injury: When Absolute Becomes Relative!
Authors: Jain Varun , Sapra Harsh , Bhangale Deepak 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntravenous thrombolysis is the preferred treatment for massive pulmonary embolism with hemodynamic instability, when there are no contraindications to the therapy. However, when absolute contraindications to thrombolysis are present, clinicians are at a crux, especially when mechanical thrombectomy is also not possible. We present a case of a 40-year-old man with polytrauma with head injury who developed massive pulmonary embolism requiring intravenous thrombolysis on day 15 after decompressive craniotomy—possibly a first in the literature. The patient, however, successfully recovered from this near-fatal episode. With this report, we wish to highlight that at a near-dying situation, no contraindication is absolute, and all possible efforts must be made by the clinician to save the patient.
OnabotulinumtoxinA and Hyaluronic Acid in Facial Wrinkles and Folds: A Prospective, Open-Label Comparison
Authors: Cohen Joel L , Swift Arthur , Solish Nowell , Fagien Steve , Glaser Dee Anna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
OnabotulinumtoxinA and hyaluronic acid are effective in improving moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds, with treatment selection traditionally based upon facial area.

Objectives
This prospective, multicenter, open-label, crossover study evaluated physician-rated efficacy and patient-rated outcomes following moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA and hyaluronic acid.

Methods
152 subjects (25-65 years) were randomized (1:1) to a treatment-sequence of onabotulinumtoxinA/hyaluronic acid or hyaluronic acid/onabotulinumtoxinA, with initial treatment administered on day 1 and 6 additional visits: week 2 (touch-up); week 4 (crossover); week 6 (touch-up); and weeks 8, 12, and 24 (follow-up).

Results
Between 92% and 100% of subjects in each treatment-sequence group exhibited at least some improvement from baseline at each study visit in the Physician Aesthetic Improvement Scale and the Objective Observer and Patient Global Assessments of Improvement, with no significant between-sequence differences. Subjects reported looking 3 to 6 years younger at each visit, with significant improvements in glabellar, lateral canthal, and horizontal forehead lines, and nasolabial folds. Treatments were well tolerated.

Conclusions
OnabotulinumtoxinA and hyaluronic acid provide clinically meaningful improvements as rated by physicians, objective observers, and subjects, with clinical synergy in aesthetic effects and duration of response regardless of treatment administration order in subjects seeking improvement in moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds.

Level of Evidence: 2
Palimpsest: an R package for studying mutational and structural variant signatures along clonal evolution in cancer
Authors: Shinde Jayendra , Bayard Quentin , Imbeaud Sandrine , Hirsch Théo Z , Liu Feng , Renault Victor , Zucman-Rossi Jessica , Letouzé Eric 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Summary
Cancer genomes are altered by various mutational processes and, like palimpsests, bear the signatures of these different processes. The Palimpsest R package provides a complete workflow for the characterization and visualization of mutational signatures and their evolution along tumor development. The package covers a wide range of functions for extracting both base substitution and structural variant signatures, inferring the clonality of each alteration and analyzing the evolution of mutational processes between early clonal and late subclonal events. Palimpsest also estimates the probability of each mutation being due to each process to predict the mechanisms at the origin of driver events. Palimpsest is an easy-to-use toolset for reconstructing the natural history of a tumor using whole exome or whole genome sequencing data.

Availability and implementation
Palimpsest is freely available at www.github.com/FunGEST/Palimpsest.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Functional Fractionation of the Cingulo-opercular Network: Alerting Insula and Updating Cingulate
Authors: Han Suk Won , Eaton Hana P , Marois René 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The anterior insula (AI) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) are engaged in various cognitive and affective processes. An influential account posits that the AI and dACC’s ubiquitous engagements reflect their role in the transient capture of attention by salient stimuli. Using fMRI here we tested this claim and functionally dissociated these regions. In the first experiment, we compared these regions’ responses to emotion-laden and emotion-neutral salient “oddball” movie events. We found that while the AI only responded transiently to the onset and offset of neutral events, its response to affective events was sustained, challenging the transient attention capture account. By contrast, dACC remained transient regardless of event type. A second experiment distinguished the information encoded by these brain regions with the presentation of behaviorally salient events that require either maintaining the current task set or updating to a different one; the AI was found to signal the presence of the behaviorally relevant events, while the dACC was associated with switching of attention settings in response to the events. We conclude that AI and dACC are involved in signaling the presence of potentially or de facto behaviorally significant events and updating internal attention settings in response to these events, respectively.
Efficacy of Anthelminthic Drugs and Drug Combinations Against Soil-transmitted Helminths: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Clarke Naomi E , Doi Suhail A R , Wangdi Kinley , Chen Yingxi , Clements Archie C A , Nery Susana V 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Periodic mass distribution of benzimidazole anthelminthic drugs is the key strategy to control soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) globally. However, benzimidazoles have low efficacy against Trichuris trichiura, and there are concerns about benzimidazole resistance potentially emerging in humans. Therefore, identifying alternative drug regimens is a pressing priority. We present a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of 21 different anthelminthic drug regimens, including standard, novel, and combination treatments.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases and identified studies comparing anthelminthic treatments to each other or placebo. The outcomes calculated were relative risk (RR) of cure and difference in egg reduction rates (dERR). We used an automated generalized pairwise modeling framework to generate mixed treatment effects against a common comparator, the current standard treatment (single-dose albendazole).

Results
Our search identified 4876 studies, of which 114 were included in the meta-analysis. Results identified several drug combinations with higher efficacy than single-dose albendazole for T. trichiura, including albendazole-ivermectin (RR of cure, 3.22 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.84–5.63]; dERR, 0.97 [95% CI, .21–1.74]), albendazole-oxantel pamoate (RR, 5.07 [95% CI, 1.65–15.59]; dERR, 0.51 [95% CI, .50–.52]), mebendazole-ivermectin (RR, 3.37 [95% CI, 2.20–5.16]), and tribendimidine-oxantel pamoate (RR, 4.06 [95% CI, 1.30–12.64]).

Conclusions
There are several promising drug combinations that may enhance the impact of STH control programs on T. trichiura, without compromising efficacy against Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm. We suggest further, large-scale trials of these drug combinations and consideration of their use in STH control programs where T. trichiura is present.

International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews Registration
CRD42016050739.
The Spectral Gaps of Generalized Flag Complexes and a Geometric Hall-type Theorem
Authors: Lew Alan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Let $X$ be a simplicial complex on $n$ vertices without missing faces of dimension larger than $d$. Let $L_{k}$ denote the $k$-Laplacian acting on real $k$-cochains of $X$ and let $\mu _{k}(X)$ denote its minimal eigenvalue. We study the connection between the spectral gaps $\mu _{k}(X)$ for $k\geq d$ and $\mu _{d-1}(X)$. In particular, we establish the following vanishing result: if $\mu _{d-1}(X)&gt;\big(1-\binom{k+1}{d}^{-1}\big)n$, then $\tilde{H}^{j}\left (X;{\mathbb{R}}\right )=0$ for all $d-1\leq j \leq k$. As an application we prove a fractional extension of a Hall-type theorem of Holmsen, Martínez-Sandoval, and Montejano for general position sets in matroids.
A Perturbation Approach for Paneitz Energy on Standard Three Sphere
Authors: Hang Fengbo , Yang Paul C 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present another proof of the sharp inequality for Paneitz operator on the standard three sphere, in the spirit of subcritical approximation for the classical Yamabe problem. To solve the perturbed problem, we use a symmetrization process which only works for extremal functions. This gives a new example of symmetrization for higher-order variational problems.
Gateway reflex: neural activation-mediated immune cell gateways in the central nervous system
Authors: Kamimura Daisuke , Ohki Takuto , Arima Yasunobu , Murakami Masaaki 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The neural regulation of organs can be categorized as systemic or local. Whereas systemic regulation by the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal gland-mediated release of steroid hormones has been well studied, the mechanisms for local regulation have only recently emerged. Two types of local neural regulation are known, the gateway reflex and the inflammatory reflex. The gateway reflex describes a mechanism that converts regional neural stimulations into inflammatory outputs by changing the state of specific blood vessels. Molecularly, the enhancement of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activity in endothelial cells by neurotransmitters, such as noradrenaline and ATP, induces an enhanced production of pro-inflammatory mediators, including chemokines, which form immune cell gateways at specific vessels. Several types of gateway reflex have been identified, and each regulates distinct organs by creating gateways for autoreactive T cells that induce local inflammation. On the other hand, the inflammatory reflex elicits an anti-inflammatory response through vagal nerves. Here, we summarize recent works on these two local neuro-immune interactions, giving special focus to the gateway reflex.
Effects of long-term intake of a yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131 on mice
Authors: Usui Yuki , Kimura Yasumasa , Satoh Takeshi , Takemura Naoki , Ouchi Yasuo , Ohmiya Hiroko , Kobayashi Kyosuke , Suzuki Hiromi , Koyama Satomi , Hagiwara Satoko , Tanaka Hirotoshi , Imoto Seiya , Eberl Gérard , Asami Yukio , Fujimoto Kosuke , Uematsu Satoshi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The gut is an extremely complicated ecosystem where micro-organisms, nutrients and host cells interact vigorously. Although the function of the intestine and its barrier system weakens with age, some probiotics can potentially prevent age-related intestinal dysfunction. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131, which are the constituents of LB81 yogurt, are representative probiotics. However, it is unclear whether their long-term intake has a beneficial influence on systemic function. Here, we examined the gut microbiome, fecal metabolites and gene expression profiles of various organs in mice. Although age-related alterations were apparent in them, long-term LB81 yogurt intake led to an increased Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio and elevated abundance of the bacterial family S24-7 (Bacteroidetes), which is known to be associated with butyrate and propanoate production. According to our fecal metabolite analysis to detect enrichment, long-term LB81 yogurt intake altered the intestinal metabolic pathways associated with propanoate and butanoate in the mice. Gene ontology analysis also revealed that long-term LB81 yogurt intake influenced many physiological functions related to the defense response. The profiles of various genes associated with antimicrobial peptides-, tight junctions-, adherens junctions- and mucus-associated intestinal barrier functions were also drastically altered in the LB81 yogurt-fed mice. Thus, long-term intake of LB81 yogurt has the potential to maintain systemic homeostasis, such as the gut barrier function, by controlling the intestinal microbiome and its metabolites.
When an Hour Feels Shorter: Future Boundary Tasks Alter Consumption by Contracting Time
Authors: Tonietto Gabriela N , Malkoc Selin A , Nowlis Stephen M 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Consumers often organize their time by scheduling various tasks, but also leave some time unaccounted for. The authors examine whether ending an interval of unaccounted time with an upcoming task systematically alters how this time is perceived and consumed. Eight studies conducted in both the lab and field show that bounded intervals of time (e.g., an hour before a scheduled meeting) feel prospectively shorter than unbounded intervals of time (e.g., an hour with nothing scheduled subsequently). Furthermore, consumers perform fewer tasks and are less likely to engage in relatively extended (though feasible) tasks during a bounded compared to an unbounded interval of time—even in the face of financial incentives. Finally, making a longer task easier to separate into subtasks attenuates this effect.
β-catenin activation in hair follicle dermal stem cells induces ectopic hair outgrowth and skin fibrosis
Authors: Tao Yixin , Yang Qingchun , Wang Lei , Zhang Jie , Zhu Xuming , Sun Qianqian , Han Yunbin , Luo Qian , Wang Yushu , Guo Xizhi , Wu Ji , Li Baojie , Yang Xiao , He Lin , Ma Gang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHair follicle dermal sheath (DS) harbors hair follicle dermal stem cells (hfDSCs), which can be recruited to replenish DS and dermal papilla (DP). Cultured DS cells can differentiate into various cell lineages in vitro. However, it is unclear how its plasticity is modulated in vivo. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in maintaining stem cells of various lineages and is required for HF development and regeneration. Here we report that activation of β-catenin in DS generates ectopic HF outgrowth (EF) by reprogramming HF epidermal cells and DS cells themselves, and endows DS cells with hair inducing ability. Epidermal homeostasis of pre-existing HFs is disrupted. Additionally, cell-autonomous progressive skin fibrosis is prominent in dermis, where the excessive fibroblasts largely originate from DS. Gene expression analysis of purified DS cells with activated β-catenin revealed significantly increased expression of Bmp, Fgf, and Notch ligands and administration of Bmp, Fgf, or Notch signaling inhibitor attenuates EF formation. In summary, our findings advance the current knowledge of high plasticity of DS cells and provide an insight into understanding how Wnt/β-catenin signaling controls DS cell behaviors.
Combination Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass and M2–M2 Reanastomosis With Trapping of a Stented Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Yousef Sonia , Tabani Halima , Benet Arnau , Rubio Roberto Rodriguez , Lawton Michael T 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms often have non-saccular morphology and cannot be clipped, requiring revascularization and trapping instead. Combination bypasses are needed when 2 arteries exit the aneurysm, and extracranial–intracranial and intracranial–intracranial bypasses can be used. This video demonstrates a combination bypass used to treat a previously stented distal MCA aneurysm with both a superficial temporal artery (STA)-to-MCA bypass and an M2-to-M2 reanastomosis. This 56-yr-old man presented with distal left-sided MCA aneurysm 2 years earlier and attempted stent-assisted coiling was aborted after the aneurysm was perforated with stenting alone. Follow-up angiography demonstrated progressive aneurysm enlargement, and he was referred for surgery. The patient consented for the procedure and a pterional craniotomy extended posteriorly exposed the distal Sylvian fissure and efferent M4-cortical arteries. After splitting the Sylvian fissure, the “flash fluorescence” technique with indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography identified an M4 recipient artery from the deeper of 2 exiting branches for STA–MCA bypass.
1
The aneurysm was then trapped, and inflow and the more superficial outflow arteries were anastomosed end to end (M2–M2 in-situ bypass). A platelet plug that developed at the reanastomosis site was broken apart with mechanical manipulation, and ICG videoangiography demonstrated patency of both bypasses. The patient recovered without any neurological deficits, and postoperative computed tomography angiography confirmed bypass patency. Combination bypasses are needed when unclippable bifurcation aneurysms require revascularization. Careful intraoperative evaluation of patency of the bypass is imperative and helps identifying and addressing any potential early bypass occlusion.
Impact of the school lunch program on overweight and obesity among junior high school students: a nationwide study in Japan
Authors: Miyawaki A , Lee J S , Kobayashi Y 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Japan has experienced a low prevalence of childhood obesity. The Japanese nationwide school lunch program is suggested to have helped this phenomenon, but it has not been proven.

Methods
From official statistics, we combined annual data for 2006–15 about the prefecture-level school lunch coverage rate for public junior high school students and the prefecture-level nutritional indicators calculated by randomly selected age–sex groups of 13–15-year olds: the percentage of overweight, obese or underweight children, who are 20% heavier, 30% heavier or 20% lighter than the standard weight by sex, age and height; and mean body weight (kg) or height (cm). We estimated the impact of the school lunch coverage rate on the nutritional indicators in subsequent years, adjusting for the lagged dependent variable and dummies for prefecture, age and year.

Results
A 10 percentage point increase in the prefecture-level school lunch coverage rate significantly decreased the percentage of overweight (0.37%, 95% CI: 0.18–0.56) and obesity (0.23%, 0.10–0.37) in subsequent years among boys, but not among girls. No significant effect on the percentage of underweight or mean body weight/height was observed for either sex.

Conclusions
Appropriate nutritional intake through school lunch may be effective to reduce childhood obesity.
The financialization of policy preferences: financial asset ownership, regulation and crisis management
Authors: Pagliari Stefano , Phillips Lauren M , Young Kevin L 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPolitical economists have often drawn a hard line between the interests of owners of capital and the interests of labor. Yet over the past 30 years in Anglo-Saxon countries in particular, workers have become increasingly invested in capital markets activity through the privatization of pension systems and other incentives for market-based savings. In this article, we investigate whether this ‘financialization of everyday life’ has generated a convergence of policy preferences whereby individuals support policies traditionally associated with the financial sector. Using three separate datasets on the US population, we find evidence that financial asset ownership is associated with lower support for more stringent financial regulatory policy, and higher support for financial sector bailouts. Such effects on individual preferences are modest on average, but persist even when controlling for indicators of social class and a range of other conditions, circumstances and time periods.
Synchronized mesenchymal cell polarization and differentiation shape the formation of the murine trachea and esophagus
Authors: Kishimoto Keishi , Tamura Masaru , Nishita Michiru , Minami Yasuhiro , Yamaoka Akira , Abe Takaya , Shigeta Mayo , Morimoto Mitsuru 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTube morphogenesis is essential for internal-organ development, yet the mechanisms regulating tube shape remain unknown. Here we show that different mechanisms regulate the length and diameter of the murine trachea. First, we found that trachea development progresses via elongation and expansion processes. In the first stage, synchronized radial polarization of smooth muscle (SM) progenitor cells with inward Golgi-apparatus displacement regulates tube elongation, controlled by mesenchymal Wnt5a–Ror2 signaling. This radial polarization directs SM progenitor cell migration toward the epithelium, and the resulting subepithelial morphogenesis supports tube elongation to the anteroposterior axis. This radial polarization also regulates esophageal elongation. Subsequently, cartilage development helps expand the tube diameter, which drives epithelial cell reshaping to determine the optimal lumen shape for efficient respiration. These findings suggest a strategy in which straight-organ tubulogenesis is driven by subepithelial cell polarization and ring cartilage development.