bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of metabolic and perfusion changes in the hippocampus and temporal lobe regions in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) via hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI
Authors: Arnous Maher Mohamad Rajab , Al-Asbahi Afnan Ahmed Mohamed , Fang Liu , Yongkang Gaigy , Hua Shu , Xun Sun , Yang Ling , Lan Xiaoli , Weiwei Ruan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate and compare metabolic and perfusion alterations in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients via hybrid 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods: Twenty-one TLE patients (15 with left-sided TLE (LTLE) and 6 with right-sided TLE (RTLE)) who underwent brain 18F-FDG PET/MRI, and eight healthy controls (Hc) who had 18F-FDG PET/MRI for health examination, were included. Brain regions were segmented based on the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) template, and the hippocampus and temporal lobe were isolated for further analysis. Left and right sides of these structures were analyzed separately. Accordingly, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were compared between the two sides via paired t test. Asymmetry indexes (AI) were calculated and statistically compared between the TLE patients and Hc, along with PET and Arterial spin labeling (ASL)-derived AI.
Results: LTLE patients showed significant asymmetrical differences in SUVmax, SUVmean, and CBF within the hippocampus region (p<0.01). In RTLE patients, only SUVmean showed significant asymmetrical in both the hippocampus (p=0.009) and temporal lobe (p=0.018). The PET-derived AI in the hippocampus nearly doubled in the TLE group compared to Hc group. Similarly, ASL-derived AI in the hippocampus also increased (7.22% vs 3.86%) in the TLE group compared to Hc group (p=0.051). In the temporal lobe, both PET and ASL-derived AIs increased in the TLE group; however, these increases were not statistically significant (p=0.260, p=0.364). In the hippocampus, a significant difference existed for the AI between PET and ASL (p=0.001), while the temporal lobe showed a significant correlation for the AI between PET and ASL (r=0.49, p=0.024).
Conclusion: TLE patients exhibited distinct patterns of brain metabolism and perfusion between LTLE and RTLE. And the AIs derived from PET was more accurate than those of ASL in detecting abnormalities in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, metabolism and perfusion in TLE patients differed significantly in the hippocampus, while revealing a correlation in the temporal lobe.
Enhanced Mobile Broadband in 5 Era: Addressing Demand for High-Speed Connectivity for the Future of Mobile Data Services
Authors: N Kirubakaran 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we examine the enhanced Mobile Broadband-one of the most important features of 5G networks in a world wherein increasing demands are being fueled for high-speed and reliable mobile data services. In this era of wireless communication where user mobility and ideal network accessibility is given topmost priority, enhanced Mobile Broadband will face challenging ever-increasing levels of mobile data traffic that it can keep as its focus: the end-user experience. High-definition video, cloud computing, mobile gaming, and high-speed internet are some of the key features of eMBB, all low latency and high-reliability applications. Such kinds of capabilities are delivered through advanced technologies such as beamforming, network slicing, and massive MIMO, which drive efficient use and performance of different applications over the networks. The study underlines significant implications of eMBB, including implications for user experience across industry sectors, hence its relevance in supporting both current and future high-demand applications. In addressing the actual implementation challenges that include optimized network topology, resource management, and quality of service allocation, eMBB has the capability to meet the infrastructure requirements for stable responsive connections that are critical in real-time services such as video streaming and cloud-based applications. Going forward, the eMBB by itself will merge with emerging technology, and sustainability-focused projects present opportunities for improving the environmental impact as well as extending connectivity to under-served areas. The findings therefore indicate that eMBB has a gargantuan role in the ongoing evolution of mobile communication, providing users with more improved connections, quicker, reliable, and driving innovation across industries. This could be the way towards both enhancement of consumers' experience and progress in such areas as smart cities, healthcare, and environmental monitoring, therefore setting up a future landscape of mobile communications supervision to mold the future mobile communication environment.
Multiscale Light Field Microscopy Platform for Multi-purpose Dynamic Volumetric Bioimaging
Authors: Bai Yangyang , Jones Matt , Ojeda Lauro Sebastian , Cuala Janielle , Cherchia Lynne , Georgia Senta K. , Fraser Scott E. , Truong Thai V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Light field microscopy (LFM) has emerged in recent years as a unique solution for fast, scan-free volumetric imaging of dynamic biological samples. This is achieved by using a microlens array in the detection path to record both the lateral and angular information of the light fields coming from the sample, capturing a 3-dimensional (3D) volume in a single 2-dimensional (2D) snapshot. In post-acquisition, the 3D sample volume is computationally reconstructed from the recorded 2D images, thus enabling unprecedented 3D capture speed, not limited by the typical constraint of physically scanning the focal plane over the sample volume. Up to date, most published LFM imaging setups have been specialized single-purpose platforms, optimized for a narrow performance window in field of view and resolution, thus hampering widespread adoption of LFM for biomedical research. Here, we present a versatile LFM platform for fast 3D imaging across multiple scales, enabling applications from cell to system-level biology on the same imaging setup. Our multiscale LFM is built as an add-on module to a conventional commercially available wide field microscope, and the various imaging applications, with different ranges of field of view and resolution, are achieved by simply switching between the standard microscope objectives available on the wide field microscope. Additionally, we provide an open-source end-to-end software package for calculating the system performance parameters, processing the experimentally measured point spread function, and light field 3D image reconstruction. We demonstrate the performance of our multiscale LFM platform through imaging the whole-brain activity map of seizures in larval zebrafish, calcium dynamics in ex vivo mouse pancreatic islets, and subcellular protein dynamics in cultured cells.
Exclusive Breastfeeding, Knowledge, Attitude, and Intention of Single Young Females (15-30years) in Some Public Tertiary Institutions Inlagos State; a Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
Authors: Nwalozie Vincent Onyekachi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Lagos state is the smallest state in Nigeria, yet it has the highest population which is over 21million and a growth rate of 3.2%, with about 53% less than 25years old. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding according to UNICEF was said to be 29% in 2012. Infants are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition and infectious diseases, many of which can be effectively prevented or treated through adequate nutrition during infancy. Exclusively breastfeeding for the first six months of life has been shown to achieve optimal growth, development and conferment of essential immunity.
Methods: The sample population size was deduced using Cochran’s formula, and amultistage sampling technique was used to select the study group. Descriptive statistics wereused to analyze demographic data.
Result: Most respondents were between 19-22years old 45.1%, 29.8% are 15-18years old, 16.6% and 7.8% are 23-26 and 27-30years old respectively. There was good knowledge 91.0% about exclusive breastfeeding, especially within the 19-22 age group. The relationship between age and knowledge is statistically significant (P = 0.065). The attitude was poor 58.0% towards exclusive breastfeeding, especially among the 19-22 age group, the relation between age and attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding is statistically significant (P=0.029) Considering the educational caliber of the respondent, the intention to express breastmilk43.0% was below average. There is a strong intention to exclusively breastfeed, with 63.0% indicating strong intention to exclusively breastfeed. Age is statistically significant (P=0.001) to Intention to Exclusive breastfeeding. The odds that the respondents have good intentions to breast feed is given as 0.67 (67%), this shows that intention has lower odds of positive child health. The probability of intention to affect Child health outcome is 0.70 (70%), and the risk difference (estimated difference in theprobability to experience) is 3.9%.
Conclusion: Young females should be targets of proactive education for better mother-childhealth. This research has shown the need for adequate bridge between knowledge, attitude towards, and intention to exclusively breastfeed. The decisions are often made long before amother becomes pregnant, with the decision most often than not made based on knowledge acquired at a young age.
Evaluating and Enhancing Large Language Models for Conversational Reasoning on Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Huang Yuxuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The development of large language models (LLMs) has been catalyzed by advancements in pre-training techniques. These models have demonstrated robust reasoning capabilities through manually designed prompts. In this work, we evaluate the conversational reasoning capabilities of the current state-of-the-art LLM (GPT-4) on knowledge graphs (KGs). However, the performance of LLMs is constrained due to a lack of KG environment awareness and the difficulties in developing effective optimization mechanisms for intermediary reasoning stages. We further introduce LLM-ARK, a LLM grounded KG reasoning agent designed to deliver precise and adaptable predictions on KG paths. LLM-ARK leverages Full Textual Environment (FTE) prompt to assimilate state information within each reasoning step. We reframe the challenge of multi-hop reasoning on the KG as a sequential decision-making task. Utilizing the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) online policy gradient reinforcement learning algorithm, our model is optimized to learn from rich reward signals. Additionally, we conduct an evaluation of our model and GPT-4 on the OpenDialKG dataset. The experimental results reveal that LLaMA-2-7B-ARK outperforms the current state-of-the-art model by 5.28 percentage points, with a performance rate of 36.39% on the target@1 evaluation metric. Meanwhile, GPT-4 scored 14.91%, further demonstrating the effectiveness of our method.
Long-term Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions for Adults Across Income Contexts: A Systematic Review of Strategies and Outcome
Authors: Ominyi Jude , Clifton Andrew , Cushen-Brewster Noreen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Physical activity (PA) interventions play a critical role in addressing obesity and its associated health risks. Understanding their long-term effectiveness, particularly across diverse economic contexts, is essential for designing sustainable and scalable strategies. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of PA interventions implemented in low, middle, and high income countries (LMICs and HICs), identify key components contributing to their success.
Methods: Studies were included if they assessed PA interventions with follow-up periods of at least 12 months. A total of 27 studies from diverse countries met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 33 distinct strategies. Data were extracted on intervention components, follow-up duration, PA outcomes, and obesity-related measures. The studies were categorised by economic context, with a focus on comparing effectiveness across income groups.
Results: PA interventions demonstrated significant long-term effectiveness across all economic settings. In HICs, multicomponent interventions, such as those involving physician-led counselling, tailored exercise regimens, and fitness testing, were highly effective, showing improvements in weekly energy expenditure and physical fitness of up to 15%. Studies from MICs, like Mexico, highlighted the effectiveness of culturally tailored approaches, such as integrated care for older adults, in enhancing PA adherence despite resource constraints. LMICs, particularly China, leveraged culturally embedded and community-driven practices, such as tai chi and baduanjin, achieving comparable outcomes to HIC interventions in terms of PA adherence and fitness improvements.
However, sustainability of intervention effects varied. Robust maintenance strategies, including booster sessions and ongoing support, contributed to stable long-term outcomes in studies from HICs. Conversely, LMIC interventions often lacked extended follow-up, limiting their ability to evaluate sustained effectiveness. The interventions were consistently associated with reductions in obesity-related risk factors, including BMI and metabolic health improvements.
Conclusion: This review highlights the effectiveness of culturally sensitive and resource-adapted PA interventions in sustaining long-term behaviour change and reducing obesity-related risks across economic contexts. Future research should prioritise consistent monitoring, extended follow-up, and the inclusion of underrepresented LMIC regions to enhance the global applicability and scalability of PA interventions. Addressing these gaps is crucial for combating obesity and promoting public health worldwide.
#44 – Medien.Pädagogik und Rassismus.Kritik Teil 3
Authors: Merz Redaktion , Schemmerling Mareike , Weiß Ana-Nzinga 
Published: December 2024

Auch zu unserem Heft ‚Medien.Pädagogik und Rassismus.Kritik – Impulse einer Auseinandersetzung‘ wollen wir natürlich die Fachredaktion des Hefts zu Wort kommen lassen: Mareike Schemmerling, Leiterin der Abteilung Praxis des JFF – Institut für Medienpädagogik, und Ana-Nzinga Weiß, Institut für Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft der Freien Universität Berlin. Eine starke Besetzung für ein starkes Heft, das die beiden Disziplinen der Heft-Verantwortlichen, Medienpädagogik und Kommunikationswissenschaft, toll vereint.
Das Heft zeigt zum einen auf, wie (Online-)Medien Rassismus repräsentieren und (re-)produzieren. Zum anderen wird darauf aufmerksam gemacht, wie (Online-)Medien für anti-rassistische Aufklärung und zum Empowerment rassifizierter Gruppen genutzt werden können.
Zum Heft
Health risk assessment using Monte-Carlo simulations due to arsenic contamination in groundwater in Punjab
Authors: Yadav Sangeeta , Kalkal Sunil 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Groundwater contamination is a major environmental concern in many regions of India, including several districts of Punjab. In this study, a comparison is carried out between the deterministic and probabilistic approaches for calculating health hazard parameters due to arsenic contamination in groundwater in India. The probabilistic calculations are carried out through Monte-Carlo simulations to quantify the hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the contribution of input variables to the HI. From the deterministic and probabilistic approach, an HI greater than one is obtained in adults for all districts except Moga, whereas, for children, the HI is greater than 1 in all districts. This suggests a higher probability of risks, such as developmental problems and cardiovascular disorders. Excess lifetime carcinogenic risk, a measure of carcinogenic risk, is found above the US Environmental Protection Agency's recommended range of 1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−4 in all districts. These values clearly indicate the long-term carcinogenic danger associated with arsenic exposure since they are far above the tolerable risk threshold of 1 × 10–4. Thus, necessary mitigation measures should be taken, and routine groundwater monitoring should be performed.
INSURGÊNCIAS FEMININAS NA POESIA DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA A PARTIR DOS ANOS 1970
Authors: Flores Conceição , Ferreira Cavalcante Ilane 
Published: December 2024

A partir da década de 1970, sobretudo, e no rastro da segunda onda do feminismo, emergiram nas literaturas de língua portuguesa obras marcantes que ousaram confrontar o cânone, revelando um modo poético de escrita marcadamente feminino. Este trabalho tem seu olhar para a poesia publicada em língua portuguesa e reflete sobre algumas das obras que representam não somente um marco, mas também uma ruptura e uma referência para as produções posteriores. Nesse recorte, o estudo busca uma poesia que representa o sujeito feminino a partir de temáticas consideradas tabus: o corpo, o erotismo, o desejo das mulheres. Assim, considera como marcos da insurgência poética as seguintes publicações: em 1971, em Portugal, Minha senhora de mim, de Maria Teresa Horta; e em 1976, no Brasil, Bagagem, de Adélia Prado. Já em relação aos países africanos de língua portuguesa, cuja independência ocorreu na sequência da Revolução dos Cravos (1974), toma como referência: em relação a São Tomé e Príncipe, a poesia de Alda do Espírito Santo, publicada em É nosso o solo sagrado da terra – Poesia de protesto e luta de 1978; no tocante a Moçambique, a poesia de Noémia de Sousa, publicada inicialmente em jornais e revistas, reunida em livro somente no século XXI; em relação a Angola, a poesia de Paula Tavares publicada em Ritos de passagem, em 1985.
HETEROSEXUALIDAD COMO CONDICIÓN SINE QUA NON
Authors: Prado Carli 
Published: December 2024

Hablar de “la heterosexualidad” de forma anacrónica resulta, sin duda, problemático, tal como demuestra Katz en La invención de la heterosexualidad. Ahora bien, si bien el uso del concepto “heterosexualidad” como descriptor vincular consolidado en relación al pasado es desacertado, existe una preocupación por nombrar las prácticas que, aun antes de esta formulación médico-jurídica, ya eran fuertemente controladas (y hasta eliminadas, física y discursivamente) y que, a su vez, funcionaron como parte fundamental en la consolidación del ego conquiro capitalista. En este sentido, más que advertir el corte entre los discursos sobre la sodomía y la homosexualidad, este trabajo se propone dar un primer paso en la recomposición de sus relaciones en función de pensar no una heterosexualidad ahistórica, sino un régimen de diferencias sexo-genérica (y raciales) que aún sobrevive en nuestros imaginarios poscoloniales. En este sentido, en tanto introducción, este trabajo retomará una Arqueología del mestizaje (Catelli, 2020) a la par de reconstruir el argumento en La invención de la heterosexualidad (Katz, 2011) para desarrollar la problemática antes mencionada.
Daidzein Inhibits Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Growth by Pyroptosis
Authors: Zeng Fanfan , Zhang Yu , Luo Ting , Wang Chengman , Fu Denggang , Wang Xin 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the leading cause of cancer deaths in
the world. We previously found that daidzein, one of the key bioactivators in soy isoflavone, can inhibit
NSCLC cell proliferation and migration, while the molecular mechanisms of daidzein in NSCLC remain unclear.

Methods:
We developed an NSCLC nude mouse model using H1299 cells and treated the mice with daidzein
(30 mg/kg/day). Mass spectrometry analysis of tumor tissues from daidzein-treated mice identified 601 differentially
expressed proteins (DEPs) compared to the vehicle-treated group. Gene enrichment analysis revealed
that these DEPs were primarily associated with immune regulatory functions, including B cell receptor and
chemokine pathways, as well as natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Notably, the NOD-like receptor signaling
pathway, which is closely linked to pyroptosis, was significantly enriched.

Results:
Further analysis of key pyroptosis-related molecules, such as ASC, CASP1, GSDMD, and IL-1β, revealed
differential expression in NSCLC versus normal tissues. High levels of ASC and CASP1 were associated
with a favorable prognosis in NSCLC, suggesting that they may be critical effectors of daidzein's action.
In NSCLC-bearing mice treated with daidzein, RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses showed elevated mRNA
and protein levels of ASC, CASP1, and IL-1β but not GSDMD, which was consistent with the proteomic data.

Conclusion:
In summary, this study demonstrated that daidzein inhibits NSCLC growth by inducing pyroptosis.
Key pathway modulators ASC, CASP1, and IL-1β were identified as primary targets of daidzein. These
findings offer insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-NSCLC effects of daidzein and
could offer dietary recommendations for managing NSCLC.
The Influence of Climate Factors on the Incidence Area of Fusarium spp. in Shallots on Java Island during the Triple-Dip La Niña (2020-2022)
Authors: Dharma Krisnanda Surya 
Published: December 2024

Shallots are a strategic horticultural commodity that contributes to inflation in Indonesia. The productivity of shallots is vulnerable to pests and diseases. Based on the incidence area during the La Niña period (2020 – 2022), Fusarium spp. is among the top five main pests and diseases reported to attack shallot crops in Java. Climate factors are suspected to have an effect on diseases incidence in the field. So far, there has been no research on the influence of climate factors on Fusarium twisted disease in Java. This study aims to analyze the influence of climate factors on the monthly incidence area of Fusarium spp. in Java during the La Niña period (2020 – 2022). The analysis used correlation and simple linear regression tests. Based on the correlation test, humidity and precipitation had a strong positive correlation with the incidence area of Fusarium spp. in shallots. Conversely, the sunshine duration had a strong negative correlation, while the temperature showed no correlation. From the simple linear regression test, humidity, precipitation and sunshine duration was found to strongly influence Fusarium spp. incidence, accounting for 47%, 48% and 40%, respectively (p<0.05). Temperature had no effect because it had the lowest fluctuation among other climate factors, ranging between 26 - 27.5°C, which was ideal for the development of Fusarium spp. To manage Fusarium spp. on shallots, it is recommended to select resistant varieties, optimize plant spacing, use fertilizers judiciously, and utilize healthy seeds. Additionally, the application of biological agents can suppress the growth of pathogenic fungi and increase plant resistance.