bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary teacher candidates’ experiences teaching about religion within a history curriculum
Authors: Brooks Sarah B. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The National Council for the Social Studies (2014, 2017) has called for increased attention to religion in social studies curriculum. A small but growing body of research has examined the preparation of social studies teacher candidates to teach about world religions, but critical questions remain. The purpose of this paper is to explore the question: what is the experience of the secondary social studies teacher candidate as he/she teaches about religion in a high school, world history course?

Design/methodology/approach
This study employed a phenomenological approach to examine the experiences of six teacher candidates as they endeavored to teach about world religions through a two-semester, intensive internship.

Findings
Findings, drawn from individual interviews with the candidates, suggest that their efforts to teach about religion were marked by fears, worries and concerns. Additionally, candidates understood their personal religious identities and experiences as significant influences on their experience teaching about religion. Finally, candidates experienced several features of their internship as key supports in their efforts to teach about religion.

Originality/value
This paper concludes with a series of recommendations for strengthening the preparation of social studies teacher candidates to teach about religion in public school settings.
The sibling’s perspective: experiences of having a sibling with a learning disability and behaviour described as challenging
Authors: Chase Jennifer , McGill Peter 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Siblings of individuals with disabilities provide the most long-term care for an individual with disabilities, yet research on their experiences is limited. A majority of previous research focuses on young siblings from a parent’s viewpoint. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of having a sibling with a disability and behaviour described as challenging from adult siblings’ perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach
Six adult siblings of individuals with intellectual disabilities and behaviour described as challenging were interviewed about their responsibilities pertaining to their sibling, family relationships and the support that had been provided. The study used semi-structured interview methodology based on interview questions from previous research.

Findings
Siblings described a multifaceted impact on their lives. They attributed aspects of their career choices, personal characteristics and family dynamics to having a sibling with a disability and behaviour that challenges. Siblings stressed the inadequate support that they have received throughout their lives. They are, in a sense, the invisible carers for their sibling but they are perceived by society as just a sibling. Siblings described an optimistic perspective on their lives, even though they expressed the difficulties that they have faced.

Research limitations/implications
Due to the recruitment process and limited demographic of the participants, the findings may not be generalisable to the general population of siblings of individuals with disabilities. Further research should focus on a broader population.

Practical implications
This study reinforces the need for more support for siblings of individuals with disabilities in childhood and in adulthood.

Originality/value
This paper provides perspectives of individuals that have not been fully represented in previous research.
Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates responsible for cholera outbreaks in Kenya between 1975 and 2017
Authors: Bundi Martin , Shah Mohammad Monir , Odoyo Eric , Kathiiko Cyrus , Wandera Ernest , Miring'u Gabriel , Guyo Sora , Langat Daniel , Morita Kouichi , Ichinose Yoshio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractKenya is endemic for cholera with different waves of outbreaks having been documented since 1971. In recent years, new variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 have emerged and have replaced most of the traditional El Tor biotype globally. These strains also appear to have increased virulence, and it is important to describe and document their phenotypic and genotypic traits. This study characterized 146 V. cholerae O1 isolates from cholera outbreaks that occurred in Kenya between 1975 and 2017. Our study reports that the 1975–1984 strains had typical classical or El Tor biotype characters. New variants of V. cholerae O1 having traits of both classical and El Tor biotypes were observed from 2007 with all strains isolated between 2015 and 2017 being sensitive to polymyxin B and carrying both classical and El Tor type ctxB. All strains were resistant to Phage IV and harbored rstR, rtxC, hlyA, rtxA and tcpA genes specific for El Tor biotype indicating that the strains had an El Tor backbone. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping differentiated the isolates into 14 pulsotypes. The clustering also corresponded with the year of isolation signifying that the cholera outbreaks occurred as separate waves of different genetic fingerprints exhibiting different genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. The emergence and prevalence of V. cholerae O1 strains carrying El Tor type and classical type ctxB in Kenya are reported. These strains have replaced the typical El Tor biotype in Kenya and are potentially more virulent and easily transmitted within the population.
Latitude‐associated evolution and drivers of thermal response curves in body stoichiometry
Authors: Van Dievel Marie , Tüzün Nedim , Stoks Robby 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Trait‐based studies are needed to understand the plastic and genetic responses of organisms to warming. A neglected organismal trait is elemental composition, despite its potential to cascade into effects on the ecosystem level.

Warming is predicted to shape elemental composition through shifts in storage molecules associated with responses in growth, body size and metabolic rate. Our goals were to quantify thermal response patterns in body composition and to obtain insights into their underlying drivers and their evolution across latitudes.

We reconstructed the thermal response curves (TRCs) for body elemental composition [C (carbon), N (nitrogen) and the C:N ratio] of damselfly larvae from high‐ and low‐latitude populations. Additionally, we quantified the TRCs for survival, growth and development rates and body size to assess local thermal adaptation, as well as the TRCs for metabolic rate and key macromolecules (proteins, fat, sugars and cuticular melanin and chitin) as these may underlie the elemental TRCs.

All larvae died at 36°C. Up to 32°C, low‐latitude larvae increased growth and development rates and did not suffer increased mortality. Instead, growth and development rates of high‐latitude larvae were lower and levelled off at 24°C, and mortality increased at 32°C. This latitude‐associated thermal adaptation pattern matched the ‘hotter‐is‐better’ hypothesis. With increasing temperatures, low‐latitude larvae decreased C:N, while high‐latitude larvae increased C:N. These patterns were driven by associated changes in N contents, while C contents did not respond to temperature. Consistent with the temperature‐size rule and the thermal melanism hypothesis, body size and melanin levels decreased with warming. While all traits and associated macromolecules (except for metabolic rate that showed thermal compensation) assumed to underlie thermal responses in elemental composition showed thermal plasticity, these were largely independent and none could explain the stoichiometric TRCs.

Our results highlight that thermal responses in elemental composition cannot be explained by traditionally assumed drivers, asking for a broader perspective including the thermal dependence of elemental fluxes. Another key implication is that thermal evolution can reverse the plastic stoichiometric thermal responses and hence reverse how warming may shape food web dynamics through changes in body composition at different latitudes.
Population structure and developmental stage‐associated ecophysiological responses of Salicornia brachiata
Authors: Rathore Mangal S. , Balar Nikunj , Jha Bhavanath 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Salicornia brachiata (Roxb.) is an important euhalophyte for ecological rehabilitation of salt‐affected soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the population structure of S. brachiata and evaluate its ecophysiological responses throughout its lifespan. Six different salt marshes along the Gujarat Coast, India, were visited regularly to monitor and quantify the ecophysiological responses of S. brachiata. Vegetation index analyses confirmed the dominance of halophytic vegetation at these sites. The low solute potential in shoots of S. brachiata helped plants to conserve water and use water economically under physiologically dry conditions. The accumulation of Na+ increased as the plants matured, while K+, Mg+2 and Cl− contents decreased. There was a higher proportion of inorganic solutes than organic solutes throughout the lifespan of S. brachiata. The estimated contributions of different solutes to osmotic adjustment were consistent with their accumulation levels. The estimated contribution of inorganic solutes to solute potential was significantly higher than that of organic solutes. The results indicated that the uptake of inorganic solutes generated a more negative solute potential, which helped plants to conserve water and save the energy required to synthesize the organic solutes to maintain osmotic homeostasis. The results of this study provide physiological insights into the role of inorganic solutes in the salt acclimation process and reveal aspects of the salt acclimation strategies of this euhalophyte. This information will be useful for predicting the impact of S. brachiata populations on halophytic vegetation and for designing saline‐agriculture strategies for optimum yields in degraded salt‐affected soil ecosystems.
Language growth in very young siblings at risk for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bruyneel Eva , Demurie Ellen , Warreyn Petra , Beyers Wim , Boterberg Sofie , Bontinck Chloè , Dewaele Nele , Roeyers Herbert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show substantial variability in their language development. Language problems are highly prevalent in these children. In addition, the quality of early language abilities contributes to the overall development of these children and is highly predictive of their adult outcome. Yet, little is known about language development in children at risk of ASD during the first years of life.AimsTo compare early receptive language (RL) and expressive language (EL) development in children at risk of ASD and determine predictors of language development.Methods & ProceduresDevelopmental trajectories of RL and EL were investigated from 10 to 36 months of age in younger siblings of typically developing children (LR‐sibs, N = 30) and in younger siblings of children with ASD (HR‐sibs, N = 31) using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Furthermore, both child and demographic characteristics were examined as possible predictors of language development.Outcomes & ResultsBoth groups showed similar growth curves for RL and EL and the majority of the children showed average (within ±1.5 SD of the mean) or above‐average language abilities. Nevertheless, the mean growth of EL was lower and the variation in growth of both RL and EL was higher in HR‐sibs than in LR‐sibs. Furthermore, early child characteristics were predictive of language development in both groups. Yet, some child characteristics seemed to be of more importance in HR‐sibs than in LR‐sibs. Consequently, lower non‐verbal abilities at 10 months in both groups and a higher degree of ASD characteristics at 14 months in HR‐sibs may be indicative of difficulties in language development.Conclusions & ImplicationsHR‐sibs show more variation in their language development than LR‐sibs during the first 3 years of life. The majority of HR‐sibs, however, did not present with below‐average language abilities. Yet, early characteristics of ASD may be a red flag for difficulties in the language development of HR‐sibs.
What does Brexit Tell Us about Our Understanding of European Identity?
Authors: Leith Murray Stewart , Sim Duncan , van der Zwet Arno , Boyle Elizabeth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper reports on a number of Eurobarometer surveys undertaken by the European Commission as a way of reflecting on Brexit and the challenges it poses to European identity. Our work with the surveys has been undertaken in the context of developing an educational game (RU EU?) which will explore European identity. European citizenship and identity have been strongly promoted by the EU but, while they appear to have been accepted at an elite level, the EU—and the UK in particular—have so far not constructed a narrative which has been supported by ‘ordinary’ citizens. Brexit has therefore exposed the failings of European elites in this regard. That said, there is some evidence that the complexities of Brexit have led to a strengthening of European identity in the other EU 27 countries.
Lactic Acid Bacteria as Antifungal and Anti‐Mycotoxigenic Agents: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sadiq Faizan Ahmed , Yan Bowen , Tian Fengwei , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFungal contamination of food and animal feed, especially by mycotoxigenic fungi, is not only a global food quality concern for food manufacturers, but it also poses serious health concerns because of the production of a variety of mycotoxins, some of which present considerable food safety challenges. In today's mega‐scale food and feed productions, which involve a number of processing steps and the use of a variety of ingredients, fungal contamination is regarded as unavoidable, even good manufacturing practices are followed. Chemical preservatives, to some extent, are successful in retarding microbial growth and achieving considerably longer shelf‐life. However, the increasing demand for clean label products requires manufacturers to find natural alternatives to replace chemically derived ingredients to guarantee the clean label. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), with the status generally recognized as safe (GRAS), are apprehended as an apt choice to be used as natural preservatives in food and animal feed to control fungal growth and subsequent mycotoxin production. LAB species produce a vast spectrum of antifungal metabolites to inhibit fungal growth; and also have the capacity to adsorb, degrade, or detoxify fungal mycotoxins including ochratoxins, aflatoxins, and Fusarium toxins. The potential of many LAB species to circumvent spoilage associated with fungi has been exploited in a variety of human food and animal feed stuff. This review provides the most recent updates on the ability of LAB to serve as antifungal and anti‐mycotoxigenic agents. In addition, some recent trends of the use of LAB as biopreservative agents against fungal growth and mycotoxin production are highlighted.
Correlations Among the HLA‐DQB1 Alleles and Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Matei Horea V. , Vică Mihaela L. , Ciucă Irina , Coman Horia G. , Nicula Gheorghe Z. , Siserman Costel V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSuicide is a worldwide health problem with multiple causes, including genetic factors. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is represented by an assembly of gene encoding the human leukocyte antigen (HLA). The purpose of our study was to determine associations between the HLA profiles and predisposition for suicidal behavior. We harvested blood samples from persons with history of suicidal attempts (case group) and persons never exhibiting such behavior (control group). The DNA was extracted and amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the HLA‐DQB1 profiles. Statistical data processing was performed with the Epi Info program. We found that the presence of the HLA‐DQB1*02 allele increases the risk of suicidal behavior, while HLA‐DQB1*05 alleviates such risk. The genotype that presented the most increased risk for suicidal behavior was found to be HLA‐DQB1*02/HLA‐DQB1*03. Our study has demonstrated the presence of several associations between HLA profiles and suicidal behavior.
Colored bait preferences of house Fly (Musca domestica L.) (Dipetera: Muscidae)
Authors: Kafle Lekhnath , Gonzales Jose Olman Santeliz , Neupane Anil Chandra 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe housefly, Musca domestica L. (Dipetera: Muscidae) transmits disease, contaminates laboratories, hospitals, equipment and can be annoying to people and animals. They are considered a serious urban pest worldwide. An important tool used to control houseflies is baiting. This study was undertaken to review the preference of housefly for different colored baits. Various colored baits were prepared and evaluated under laboratory conditions. These were colored blue, white, yellow, red, purple and green. Among the different colored baits used, the blue bait was preferred the most by the houseflies, followed by the white and yellow baits, and the red, purple and green baits were least attractive to the houseflies. Similarly, the blue bait was detected faster by the houseflies and was consumed significantly more than the red, purple or green baits. Also, the blue bait attracted a significantly higher number of flies than the red, purple and green baits.
Intestinal Microbial Products From Alcohol‐Fed Mice Contribute to Intestinal Permeability and Peripheral Immune Activation
Authors: Samuelson Derrick R. , Gu Min , Shellito Judd E. , Molina Patricia E. , Taylor Christopher M. , Luo Meng , Welsh David A. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundAlcohol use causes significant disruption of intestinal microbial communities, yet exactly how these dysbiotic communities interact with the host is unclear. We sought to understand the role of microbial products associated with alcohol dysbiosis in mice on intestinal permeability and immune activation in an in vitro model system.MethodsMicrobiota samples from binge‐on‐chronic alcohol‐fed and pair‐fed male and female mice were cultured in Gifu Anaerobic Broth for 24 hours under anaerobic conditions. Live/whole organisms were removed, and microbial products were collected and added to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or polarized C2BBe1 intestinal epithelial monolayers. Following stimulation, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured using a volt/ohm meter and immune activation of PBMC was assessed via flow cytometry.ResultsMicrobial products from male and female alcohol‐fed mice significantly decreased TEER (mean percentage change from baseline alcohol‐fed 0.86 Ω/cm2 vs. pair‐fed 1.10 Ω/cm2) compared to microbial products from control mice. Following ex vivo stimulation, immune activation of PBMC was assessed via flow cytometry. We found that microbial products from alcohol‐fed mice significantly increased the percentage of CD38+ CD4+ (mean alcohol‐fed 17.32% ± 0.683% standard deviation (SD) vs. mean pair‐fed 14.2% ± 1.21% SD, p < 0.05) and CD8+ (mean alcohol‐fed 20.28% ± 0.88% SD vs. mean pair‐fed 12.58% ± 3.59% SD, p < 0.05) T cells.ConclusionsCollectively, these data suggest that microbial products contribute to immune activation and intestinal permeability associated with alcohol dysbiosis. Further, utilization of these ex vivo microbial product assays will allow us to rapidly assess the impact of microbial products on intestinal permeability and immune activation and to identify probiotic therapies to ameliorate these defects.
Exonic mutations associated with atopic dermatitis disrupt lympho‐epithelial Kazal‐type related inhibitor action and enhance its degradation
Authors: Ramesh Karthik , Matta Sri Anusha , Chew Fook Tim , Mok Yu Keung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSkin desquamation is facilitated by serine proteases KLK5 and KLK7, which are tightly regulated by lympho‐epithelial Kazal‐type related inhibitor (LEKTI). LEKTI itself is controlled through degraded by mesotrypsin. Here, we sought to determine whether LEKTI exonic mutations associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) affect the protease inhibitory activity of LEKTI or its susceptibility to mesotrypsin degradation.MethodsThe inhibitory activities of the LEKTI domain 4 (D4) and D6 WT and AD‐associated mutants on the enzyme activities of KLK5 and KLK7 were compared using fluorogenic substrates. A keratinocyte cell culture system using HaCat cells was established to assess the role of D6 WT and D386N on triggering inflammation via the induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). A degradation assay was used to assess the susceptibility of D4 and D6 mutants to mesotrypsin degradation.ResultsEnzymatic assays revealed that the D6 D386N mutation affected the inhibitory activity of LEKTI on KLK5 but not KLK7. Other exonic mutations on D6 (N368S, V395M, and E420K) and D4 (R267Q) did not alter LEKTI inhibition. The D386N mutation disrupted the role of D6 in suppressing TSLP induction by KLK5 in HaCat cells. Although WT D4 is more susceptible to mesotrypsin degradation than WT D6, the D4 R267Q mutant was more resistant to mesotrypsin degradation, whereas the D6 E420K mutant showed enhanced mesotrypsin‐mediated degradation.ConclusionExonic mutations in D6, which previously have been associated with AD, may cause a disruption of inhibitory activity on KLK5 or enhance the degradation by mesotrypsin.
The moderating role of allergy immunotherapy in asthma progression: Results of a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Schmitt Jochen , Wüstenberg Eike , Küster Denise , Mücke Victoria , Serup‐Hansen Niels , Tesch Falko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAllergic asthma causes substantial morbidity and constitutes a public health burden, which increases with asthma severity. There is evidence that allergy immunotherapy (AIT) prevents the progression of allergic rhinitis (AR) to asthma. However, evidence is missing on the potential of AIT to prevent progression from milder to more severe asthma.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study utilized healthcare data (2005 to 2014) from a statutory health insurance in Germany. The severity of asthma was classified according to the treatment steps recommended by the global initiative for asthma (GINA). The effect of AIT on the transition between the GINA steps was analyzed using multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for age and sex.ResultsFrom the total cohort of 1,739,440 patients, 39,167 individuals aged 14 years or older were classified as having incident asthma during the observation period and were included in the study. From these, 4111 patients (10.5%) received AIT. AIT exposure was associated with a significantly decreased likelihood of asthma progression from GINA step 1 to GINA step 3 (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.80‐0.95) and GINA step 3 to GINA step 4 (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.60‐0.74). GINA medication for step 2 and step 5 was rarely prescribed.ConclusionsThis observational study in a real‐world setting indicates that patients with allergic asthma who receive AIT are less likely to experience progression of asthma severity than asthma patients not receiving AIT.