bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Solar Energetic Particle Transport near a Wavy Heliospheric Current Sheet
Authors: Battarbee Markus , Dalla Silvia , Marsh Mike S. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Understanding the transport of solar energetic particles (SEPs) from acceleration sites at the Sun into interplanetary space and to the Earth is an important question for forecasting space weather. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), with two distinct polarities and a complex structure, governs energetic particle transport and drifts. We analyze for the first time the effect of a wavy heliospheric current sheet (HCS) on the propagation of SEPs. We inject protons close to the Sun and propagate them by integrating fully 3D trajectories within the inner heliosphere in the presence of weak scattering. We model the HCS position using fits based on neutral lines of magnetic field source surface maps (SSMs). We map 1 au proton crossings, which show efficient transport in longitude via HCS, depending on the location of the injection region with respect to the HCS. For HCS tilt angles around 30°–40°, we find significant qualitative differences between A+ and A− configurations of the IMF, with stronger fluences along the HCS in the former case but with a distribution of particles across a wider range of longitudes and latitudes in the latter. We show how a wavy current sheet leads to longitudinally periodic enhancements in particle fluence. We show that for an A+ IMF configuration, a wavy HCS allows for more proton deceleration than a flat HCS. We find that A− IMF configurations result in larger average fluences than A+ IMF configurations, due to a radial drift component at the current sheet.
Cospatial Star Formation and Supermassive Black Hole Growth in z ∼ 3 Galaxies: Evidence for In Situ Co-evolution
Authors: Rujopakarn W. , Nyland K. , Rieke G. H. , Barro G. , Elbaz D. , Ivison R. J. , Jagannathan P. , Silverman J. D. , Smolčić V. , Wang T. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present a sub-kiloparsec localization of the sites of supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth in three active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z ∼ 3 in relation to the regions of intense star formation in their hosts. These AGNs are selected from Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field and COSMOS, with the centimetric radio emission tracing both star formation and AGN, and the sub/millimeter emission by dust tracing nearly pure star formation. We require radio emission to be

more luminous than the level associated with the sub/millimeter star formation to ensure that the radio emission is AGN-dominated, thereby allowing localization of the AGN and star formation independently. In all three galaxies, the AGNs are located within the compact regions of gas-rich, heavily obscured, intense nuclear star formation, with R

e
= 0.4–1.1 kpc and average star formation rates of ≃100–1200 M
⊙ yr−1. If the current episode of star formation continues at such a rate over the stellar mass doubling time of their hosts, ≃0.2 Gyr, the newly formed stellar mass will be of the order of 1011
M
⊙ within the central kiloparsec region, concurrently and cospatially with significant growth of the SMBH. This is consistent with a picture of in situ galactic bulge and SMBH formation. This work demonstrates the unique complementarity of VLA and ALMA observations to unambiguously pinpoint the locations of AGNs and star formation down to ≃30 mas, corresponding to ≃230 pc at z = 3.
Detection of the Second Harmonic of Decay-less Kink Oscillations in the Solar Corona
Authors: Duckenfield T. , Anfinogentov S. A. , Pascoe D. J. , Nakariakov V. M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
EUV observations of a multi-thermal coronal loop, taken by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly of the Solar Dynamics Observatory, which exhibits decay-less kink oscillations are presented. The data cube of the quiet-Sun coronal loop was passed through a motion magnification algorithm to accentuate transverse oscillations. Time–distance maps are made from multiple slits evenly spaced along the loop axis and oriented orthogonal to the loop axis. Displacements of the intensity peak are tracked to generate time series of the loop displacement. Fourier analysis on the time series shows the presence of two periods within the loop:

minutes and

minutes. The longer period component is greatest in amplitude at the apex and remains in phase throughout the loop length. The shorter period component is strongest further down from the apex on both legs and displays an anti-phase behavior between the two loop legs. We interpret these results as the coexistence of the fundamental and second harmonics of the standing kink mode within the loop in the decay-less oscillation regime. An illustration of seismological application using the ratio P
1/2P
2 ∼ 0.7 to estimate the density scale height is presented. The existence of multiple harmonics has implications for understanding the driving and damping mechanisms for decay-less oscillations and adds credence to their interpretation as standing kink mode oscillations.
T Cell Expression of C5a Receptor 2 Augments Murine Regulatory T Cell (TREG) Generation and TREG-Dependent Cardiac Allograft Survival
Authors: A. Verghese Divya , Demir Markus , Chun Nicholas , Fribourg Miguel , Cravedi Paolo , Llaudo Ines , Woodruff Trent M. , Yadav Pragya , Lira Sergio A. , Medof M. Edward , Heeger Peter S. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
C5aR2 (C5L2/gp77) is a seven-transmembrane spanning receptor that binds to C5a but lacks motifs essential for G protein coupling and associated signal transduction. C5aR2 is expressed on immune cells, modulates various inflammatory diseases in mice, and has been shown to facilitate murine and human regulatory T cell (TREG) generation in vitro. Whether and how C5aR2 impacts in vivo TREG generation and pathogenic T cell–dependent disease models have not been established. In this article, we show that murine T cells express and upregulate C5aR2 during induced TREG (iTREG) generation and that the absence of T cell–expressed C5aR2 limits in vivo iTREG generation following adoptive transfer of naive CD4+ T cells into Rag1−/− recipients. Using newly generated C5aR2-transgenic mice, we show that overexpression of C5aR2 in naive CD4+ T cells augments in vivo iTREG generation. In a model of TREG-dependent cardiac allograft survival, recipient C5aR2 deficiency accelerates graft rejection associated with lower TREG/effector T cell ratios, whereas overexpression of C5aR2 in immune cells prolongs graft survival associated with an increase in TREG/effector T cell ratios. T cell–expressed C5aR2 modulates TREG induction without altering effector T cell proliferation or cytokine production. Distinct from reported findings in neutrophils and macrophages, TREG-expressed C5aR2 does not interact with β-arrestin or inhibit ERK1/2 signaling. Rather, cumulative evidence supports the conclusion that C5aR2 limits C5aR1-initiated signals known to inhibit TREG induction. Together, the data expand the role of C5aR2 in adaptive immunity by providing in vivo evidence that T cell–expressed C5aR2 physiologically modulates iTREG generation and iTREG-dependent allograft survival.
Linear probe 19-gauge endobronchial ultrasound diagnosis of a benign chondroid hamartoma
Authors: Fallon Janet , Plummeridge Martin , Daly Richard , Medford Andrew 
Published: February 2018

We report a case of a 68-year-old gentleman, found to have a right hilar soft tissue mass whilst undergoing CT staging for prostate cancer. MRI imaging showed a heterogenous, enhancing solid mass without evidence of fat content. A linear probe endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration was performed using a 19G needle. This confirmed the diagnosis of a benign chondroid hamartoma, avoiding the need for more invasive surgical biopsy.Â Â
Lateral Ankle Sprain in a Mouse Model: Lifelong Sensorimotor Dysfunction
Authors: Wikstrom Erik A. , Hubbard-Turner Tricia , Guderian Sophie , Turner Michael J. 
Published: February 2018

Context:
Ankle sprains are the most common orthopaedic injury that occurs during sport and physical activity. Many individuals who sprain their ankles develop chronic ankle instability (CAI), a condition characterized by recurrent injury, decreased physical activity, and decreased quality of life. These residual impairments are believed to persist for the remainder of the patient's life, in part due to the link between CAI and posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis. However, this belief remains speculative due to the lack of long-term prospective investigations.

Objective:
To use a mouse model of mild (MILD) and severe (SEVERE) ankle sprains to quantify balance and locomotor adaptations across the lifespan.

Design:
Cohort study.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Fifty male mice (CBA/J) were randomly placed into a control (SHAM), MILD, or SEVERE group and housed individually.

Intervention(s):
The MILD group underwent surgical transection of a single right hind-limb lateral ankle ligament, and the SEVERE group had 2 of the lateral ligaments transected. The SHAM group underwent a sham surgery during which no lateral ligaments were transected.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
After surgically inducing the ankle sprain, we measured balance and gait using a balance beam and footprint test before and every 6 weeks for 78 weeks.

Results:
Age-related declines in balance but not stride length were exacerbated by an ankle sprain (P &lt; .001). Balance and stride lengths changed with age (P &lt; .001). Foot slips were worse in the SEVERE (4.32 ± 0.98) and MILD (3.53 ± 0.98) groups than in the SHAM group (2.16 ± 0.99; P &lt; .001). Right-limb stride length was shorter in the SEVERE group (6.45 cm ± 0.41 cm) than in the SHAM group (6.87 cm ± 0.40 cm; P = .04).

Conclusions:
Transecting the lateral ligaments of a mouse hind foot resulted in lifelong sensorimotor dysfunction. Declines starting at 42 weeks postinjury may have represented the onset of posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
The interaction between monetary and macroprudential policy: should central banks ‘lean against the wind’ to foster macro-financial stability?
Authors: Krug Sebastian 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The extensive harm caused by the financial crisis raises the question of whether policymakers could have done more to prevent the build-up of financial imbalances. This paper aims to contribute to the field of regulatory impact assessment by taking up the revived debate on whether central banks should use the interest rate to directly respond to the build-up of financial sector imbalances, i.e. ‘lean against the wind’ or not. Currently, there is no consensus on whether monetary policy is, in general, able to support the resilience of the financial system or if this task should better be left to the macroprudential approach of financial regulation. The author aims to shed light on this issue by analyzing distinct policy regimes within an agent-based computational macro-model with endogenous money. He finds that policies that make use of their comparative advantage lead to superior outcomes concerning their respective intended objectives. In particular, he shows that ‘leaning against the wind’ should only serve as first line of defense in the absence of a prudential regulatory regime and that price stability does not necessarily mean financial stability. Moreover, macroprudential regulation as unburdened policy instrument is able to dampen the build-up of financial imbalances by restricting credit to the unsustainable high-leveraged part of the real economy.
Phytoplankton growth response to Asian dust addition in the northwest Pacific Ocean versus the Yellow Sea
Authors: Zhang Chao , Gao Huiwang , Yao Xiaohong , Shi Zongbo , Shi Jinhui , Yu Yang , Meng Ling , Guo Xinyu 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. In this study, five on-board microcosm experiments were performed in the subtropical gyre, the Kuroshio Extension region of the northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO), and the Yellow Sea (YS) in order to investigate phytoplankton growth following the addition of artificially modified mineral dust (AM dust) and various nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), N + P, and N + P + Fe). The two experiments carried out with AM-dust addition in the subtropical gyre showed a maximum chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration increase of 1.7- and 2.8-fold, while the cell abundance of large-sized phytoplankton ( >  5 µm) showed a 1.8- and 3.9-fold increase, respectively, relative to the controls. However, in the Kuroshio Extension region and the YS, the increases in maximum Chl a and cell abundance of large-sized phytoplankton following AM-dust addition were at most 1.3-fold and 1.7-fold larger than those in the controls, respectively. A net conversion efficiency index (NCEI) newly proposed in this study, size-fractionated Chl a, and the abundance of large-sized phytoplankton were analysed to determine which nutrients contribute to supporting phytoplankton growth. Our results demonstrate that a combination of nutrients, N–P or N + P + Fe, is responsible for phytoplankton growth in the subtropical gyre following AM-dust addition. Single nutrient addition, i.e., N in the Kuroshio Extension region and P or N in the YS, controls the phytoplankton growth following AM-dust addition. In the AM-dust-addition experiments, in which the increased N–P or P was identified to determine phytoplankton growth, the dissolved inorganic P from AM dust (8.6 nmol L−1) was much lower than the theoretically estimated minimum P demand (∼ 20 nmol L−1) for phytoplankton growth. These observations suggest that additional supply augments the bioavailable P stock in incubated seawater with AM-dust addition, most likely due to an enhanced solubility of P from AM dust or the remineralization of the dissolved organic P.
Tipping point analysis of ocean acoustic noise
Authors: Livina Valerie N. , Brouwer Albert , Harris Peter , Wang Lian , Sotirakopoulos Kostas , Robinson Stephen 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. We apply tipping point analysis to a large record of ocean acoustic data to identify the main components of the acoustic dynamical system and study possible bifurcations and transitions of the system. The analysis is based on a statistical physics framework with stochastic modelling, where we represent the observed data as a composition of deterministic and stochastic components estimated from the data using time-series techniques. We analyse long-term and seasonal trends, system states and acoustic fluctuations to reconstruct a one-dimensional stochastic equation to approximate the acoustic dynamical system. We apply potential analysis to acoustic fluctuations and detect several changes in the system states in the past 14 years. These are most likely caused by climatic phenomena. We analyse trends in sound pressure level within different frequency bands and hypothesize a possible anthropogenic impact on the acoustic environment. The tipping point analysis framework provides insight into the structure of the acoustic data and helps identify its dynamic phenomena, correctly reproducing the probability distribution and scaling properties (power-law correlations) of the time series.
MORPHOLOGY AND NANOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NR/SBR BLENDS
Authors: Klat Darja , Kępas-Suwara Anna , Lacayo-Pineda Jorge , Cook Stuart 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Tire tread materials are generally blends of two or more rubbers, fillers, and other materials, resulting in a rubber compound with complex multiphase morphology. The bulk properties of these blends are influenced by morphology and microphase characteristics, hence the desire for techniques that can both discriminate between phases in a blend and provide quantitative information about their physical properties. The effect of polymer ratio and microstructure of SBR on blend morphology and nanomechanical mapping of unfilled NR/SBR blends will be discussed. With nanoindentation techniques available through the use of atomic force microscopy, nanomechanical properties are determined and compared with macroscopic values obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis.
Learning From Experience: The Oaklander Approach to Teaching Child Psychotherapists
Authors: Mortola Peter, 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Gestalt therapy theory places great importance on the role of the client's authentic experience in the therapeutic process (Latner, 1973; Perls, Hefferline, & Goodman, 1951; Polster & Polster, 1973; Wheeler, 1991). Authentic experience is also considered central when Gestalt therapy theory is applied to educational settings (Brown, 1971; Woldt & Toman, 2005). Dr. Violet Oaklander, a prominent Gestalt-based child psychotherapist, author, and therapist teacher/mentor, places great importance on the role of authentic experience for adults in her two-week intensive summer program on how to work therapeutically with children and adolescents. The aspects and implications of her experiential approach to teaching adults are explored and analyzed in the article with emphasis placed on the ways in which her approach to adult education is both developmentally appropriate and cross culturally relevant.
Organizational Leadership Theory Has Arrived: Gestalt Theory Never Left
Authors: Frew Jon E., 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSince its introduction in the late 1940s in the U.S., the theory and practice of Gestalt therapy has been applied to and integrated with small group process and leadership and organizational development. There is a gap in the literature with respect to Gestalt therapy, theory, and practice and organizational leadership theory and practice. Organizational leadership models began with an emphasis on the leader and matured to include attention to the field. Although Gestalt therapy theory and practice has always been about the relationship between the individual and the field, its focus wandered in the 1960s and 1970s by becoming “leader-heavy.” Organizational leadership models have come to embrace the relational emphasis that Gestalt therapy has always embodied. Transformational leadership models in particular share much in common with Gestalt therapy and practice.
Some Roots of Group Work in Gestalt
Authors: Houston Gaie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTheory underlies or underpins all practice. Gestalt notoriously has no avowed theory of group behavior; nevertheless, theory is discernable in the way Gestalt training and therapy groups are managed. This article traces group theory from its possible primitive beginnings, through the often contradictory schools of European and United States thinkers and their relevance to Gestalt group and organizational work. It stresses the indivisibility of individual and group and thus, the political nature of all action. It also comments on the contexts of time and culture that alter the application of group theory.My hope is that this short paper reminds you of some of the roots you can trace in your version of a Gestalt group. The root theories I speak of are probably major influences through many schools of psychotherapy. What is left out, what is added, becomes a telling comment not just on any practitioner, but on the changing zeitgeist from country to country and decade to decade.Groups of different tasks and sizes work in different ways. Small groups have more occasions for intimacy. Large groups have more to do with power. All have a profound effect on the human psyche, and on how we exercise our competitive and our cooperative natures. The more understanding we have of that, the better our chances of making a polis, a society that functions for the good of the people in it. That is the wider application of counseling and therapy that perhaps needs to be more recognized.I have done my best to stay with the underground, the buried roots, by hich I mean some that are many decades back and consequently, adapted or partially remembered or applied. In Serge Ginger's image, I trust that these roots are growing as Gestalt theory grows. And I will do my best to steer off very recent material.In 1972, Paul Goodman wrote, “We exist mainly, though not altogether, in community relations. To be a private individual is largely pathological.” He did immediately add, “for a society to act as a collective is largely pathological” (1972, p. 65).
Greasing the Squeaky Wheel: A Gestalt Perspective to Problem Behavioral Patterns
Authors: Karp H. B., 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Problem behavioral patterns are seen much more as a set of learned behaviors and/or expectations of others than they are inborn traits and unconscious characteristics. The problem behavior pattern is presented as a default means to protect oneself from external threat, particularly during the process of coaching or counseling. Five categories of fixed Gestalt patterns are presented and characterized based on the individual's energy level or need for dominance. Perspectives and tactics, originating in the Gestalt theory base, are suggested for assisting coaches and counselors in dealing more effectively with each pattern.
The Practical Implementation of the Gestalt Cycle of Experience in Project Management
Authors: Bar-Yoseph Benjamin A., , Zwikael Ofer, 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In spite of differences, the humanist and project management approaches to problem solving have a lot in common. This paper uses the Gestalt Cycle of Experience (COE) in an attempt to use the successful humanistic approach to improve project management processes. The paper demonstrates that both individual decision making and project management use similar processes. Hence, implementing the Gestalt blocks that identify barriers in the humanistic process involved in the project management process, may reduce the currently high percentage of project failures.
Working with Forgiveness in Gestalt Therapy
Authors: Harris Edwin S., 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn recent years, much has been written about forgiveness as a way to overcome the intense hurt and anger from physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; divorce; infidelity; and other past acts of betrayal. Although there is growing interest in forgiveness as a therapeutic issue, it is noteworthy that the Gestalt therapy literature has few references to forgiveness and how to work with forgiveness in therapy. This article first presents some ways to conceptualize forgiveness. Forgiveness is then viewed through the lenses of Gestalt theory and Jewish spiritual practice. Finally, through the integration of Gestalt methodology and Jewish spiritual practice, some ways to work with forgiveness in Gestalt therapy are presented and discussed.
Teaching Mindfulness to Children
Authors: Hooker Karen E., , Fodor Iris E., 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Mindfulness, which features focused awareness training, is increasing in popularity among mental health professionals. Mindfulness training emphasizes focused attention to internal and external experiences in the present moment of time, without judgment. While mindfulness interventions have been used in treatments for stress, chronic pain, anxiety, depression, borderline personality disorder, eating disorders, and addiction, researchers suggest that this type of training also can be beneficial in everyday life.
Most research and writing on mindfulness training has been about adults. In this paper, the authors argue for adapting mindfulness techniques for work with children. The authors propose that training in mindfulness has the potential to enhance children's attention and focus, and improve memory, self-acceptance, self-management skills, and self-understanding. Specific exercises to teach children to be mindful are presented in progression, beginning with awareness of the external environment, then awareness of the self in the environment, awareness of the body, and finally, mindfulness meditation exercises that feature attending to cognitive processes. Suggestions are made for incorporating mindfulness into school curricula.