bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worth the wait? How restaurant waiting time influences customer behavior and revenue
Authors: De Vries Jelle , Roy Debjit , De Koster René 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn many service industries, customers have to wait for service. When customers have a choice, this waiting may influence their service experience, sojourn time, and ultimately spending, reneging, and return behavior. Not much is known however, about the system‐wide impact of waiting on customer behavior and resulting revenue. In this paper, we empirically investigate this by analyzing data obtained from 94,404 customers visiting a popular Indian restaurant during a 12 month period. The results show that a longer waiting time relates to reneging behavior, a longer time until a customer returns, and a shorter dining duration. To find out the impact of the consequences of waiting time, we use the empirical findings and data collected in a simulation experiment. This experiment shows that, without waiting, the total revenue generated by the restaurant would increase by nearly 15% compared to the current situation. Stimulating customers to reserve could enable restaurants to reap part of this benefit. Furthermore, the results of simulation experiments suggest that, within the boundaries of the current capacity, revenue could be increased by a maximum of 7.5% if more flexible rules were used to allocate customers to tables. Alternatively, by increasing the existing seating capacity by 20%, revenue could be boosted by 7.7% without the need to attract additional customers. Our findings extend the knowledge on the consequences of customer waiting, and enable service providers to better understand the financial and operational impact of waiting‐related decisions in service settings.
NO KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED
Authors: Reuter Kevin , Brössel Peter 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAssertions are the centre of gravity in social epistemology. They are the vehicles we use to exchange information within scientific groups and society as a whole. It is therefore essential to determine under which conditions we are permitted to make an assertion. In this paper we argue and provide empirical evidence for the view that the norm of assertion is justified belief: truth or even knowledge are not required. Our results challenge the knowledge account advocated by, e.g. Williamson (1996), in general, and more specifically, put into question several studies conducted by Turri (2013, 2016) that support a knowledge norm of assertion. Instead, the justified belief account championed by, e.g. Douven (2006), seems to prevail.
INTRASPECIES IMPERMISSIVISM
Authors: Stapleford Scott 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Uniqueness thesis says that any body of evidence E uniquely determines which doxastic attitude is rationally permissible regarding some proposition P. Permissivists deny Uniqueness. They are charged with arbitrarily favouring one doxastic attitude out of the set of attitudes they regard as rationally permissible. Simpson (Episteme, 2017) claims that an appeal to differences in cognitive abilities can remove the arbitrariness. I argue that it can't. Impermissivists face a challenge of their own: The problem of fine distinctions. I suggest that meeting this challenge requires impermissivists to loosen up at higher levels – when comparing belief-forming systems that differ in the fineness of their doxastic outputs. This more relaxed take on Uniqueness is a kind of ‘intraspecies impermissivism’.
NO SAFE HAVEN FOR THE VIRTUOUS
Authors: Hirvelä Jaakko 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIn order to deal with the problem caused by environmental luck some proponents of robust virtue epistemology have attempted to argue that in virtue of satisfying the ability condition one will satisfy the safety condition. Call this idea the entailment thesis. In this paper it will be argued that the arguments that have been laid down for the entailment thesis entail a wrong kind of safety condition, one that we do not have in mind when we require our beliefs to be safe from error in order for them to be knowledge.
The relationship between parent mental health and intimate partner violence on adolescent behavior, stigma and school attendance in families in rural Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Glass Nancy , Kohli Anjalee , Surkan Pamela J. , Remy Mitma Mpanano , Perrin Nancy 
Published: May 2018

Background.Prolonged conflict and economic instability challenge the existing support networks in families and society places significant stress on both adults and adolescents. Exploring individual, family and social factors that increase the likelihood of or protect adolescents from negative outcomes are important to the development of evidence-based prevention and response programing in global settings.Objective.Examine the relationship between parent mental health and experience/perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) and adolescent behaviors, stigma, and school attendance. The relationship is further examined for differences by gender.Methods.Secondary analysis of data from an ongoing comparative effectiveness trial of a productive asset transfer program in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).Results.Three hundred and eighty-eight adolescent and parent dyads were included in the analysis. The analysis demonstrated that parent mental health and IPV can have a negative impact their children's well-being and the impact is different for boys and girls, likely linked to gender roles and responsibilities in the home and community. Social relationships of adolescents, as reported through experienced stigma, were negatively impacted for both boys and girls. Parent report of symptoms of PTSD and depression had a stronger negative effect on girls’ outcomes, including experienced stigma, externalizing behaviors, and missed days of school than boys. For adolescent boys, their parent's report of IPV victimization/perpetration was associated with more negative behaviors at the 8-month follow-up assessment.Conclusion.The findings reinforce the critical importance of interventions that engage parents and their children in activities that advance health and improve relationships within the family.
Compelling Vansina: Contributions to Early African History
Authors: de Luna Kathryn M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:This short essay explores Jan Vansina’s contributions to the study of Africa’s early pasts. In particular, it explores the impact of sustained ethnographic fieldwork on Vansina’s narrative style, which often imagined for deeper pasts the sorts of small-scale social interactions definitive of most experiences of fieldwork. This narrative style produced a tension between Vansina’s interest in large-scale institutions and historical processes and the smaller-scale social interactions sustaining them, offering us new research topics. Attention to the historical significance of the sorts of intimate interactions imagined by Vansina requires new approaches to the variety of archives he compelled us to consider in the pages of this journal.
Marine n-3 PUFA, heart rate variability and ventricular arrhythmias in patients on chronic dialysis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rantanen Jesper M. , Schmidt Erik B. , Riahi Sam , Lundbye-Christensen Søren , Christensen Jeppe H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMarine n-3 PUFA may improve autonomic dysfunction by an increase in heart rate variability (HRV) and may reduce the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Only a few smaller studies have examined such effects in patients on chronic dialysis, who often have autonomic dysfunction and a high risk of sudden cardiac death, which accounts for almost 30 % of all deaths. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between the plasma phospholipid content of n-3 PUFA and 24-h HRV or ventricular arrhythmias in patients on chronic dialysis. A 48-h Holter monitoring was performed on 169 patients on in-centre dialysis (83 %), home haemodialysis (10 %) or peritoneal dialysis (7 %) obtaining data on arrhythmias (n 152) and 24-h HRV (n 135). The mean overall HRV (standard deviation of normal intervals (SDNN)) was low and 71 % had a reduced overall HRV (SDNN<100 ms) indicating autonomic dysfunction. No significant associations between plasma phospholipid content of total marine n-3 PUFA, EPA (22 : 5n-3) or DHA (22 : 6n-3) and time-domain or frequency-domain HRV were detected in crude or adjusted linear regression analysis. However, a higher plasma phospholipid content of DHA was associated with a significantly lower proportion of patients with ventricular tachycardia (higher DHA-tertile: 9 % v. lower DHA-tertile: 28 %, P=0·02). In conclusion, the content of marine n-3 PUFA in plasma phospholipids was not associated with 24-h HRV, but a higher plasma phospholipid content of DHA was associated with a lower occurrence of ventricular tachycardia suggesting an antiarrhythmic effect of marine n-3 PUFA in patients on chronic dialysis.
JUDICIOUS REVIEW: THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRACTICE OF THE UK SUPREME COURT
Authors: Murkens Jo Eric Khushal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe role of the UK Supreme Court (UKSC) as conventionally understood is to give effect to, and not to challenge, the will of Parliament. At the same time, the UK's constitution forces the UKSC to develop a constitutional jurisprudence to resolve clashes of higher-order principles, for instance between parliamentary sovereignty and the rule of law. This development puts the legitimacy of unelected and unaccountable judges invalidating legislation under the spotlight. Instead of arguing for US-style strike-down powers, I argue that cautious and corrective judicial intervention is constitutionally mandated and democratically legitimate.
Existence of a Solution for a Non-Local Problem in ℝNvia Bifurcation Theory
Authors: Alves Claudianor O. , de Lima Romildo N. , Souto Marco A. S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence of a solution for the following class of non-local problems:P$$\eqalign{\big\{&-\Delta u=\left(\lambda f(x)-\int_{{open R}^N}K(x,y)\vert u(y)\vert ^{\gamma}\hbox{d}y\right)u\quad \mbox{in } \R^{N}, \cr &\lim_{\vert x\vert \to +\infty}u(x)=0,\quad u \gt 0 \quad \text{in } {open R}^{N},}$$whereN≥ 3, λ > 0, γ ∈ [1, 2),f: ℝ → ℝ is a positive continuous function andK: ℝN× ℝN→ ℝ is a non-negative function. The functionsfandKsatisfy some conditions that permit us to use bifurcation theory to prove the existence of a solution for (P).
In vitroovicidal and larvicidal activities of some saponins and flavonoids against parasitic nematodes of goats
Authors: Santos Acidália Carine Vieira , Santos Francianne Oliveira , Lima Hélimar Gonçalves , Silva Gisele Dias Da , Uzêda Rosangela Soares , Dias Êuder Reis , Branco Alexsandro , Cardoso Klauber Viana , David Jorge Mauricio , Botura Mariana Borges , Costa Silvia Lima , Batatinha Maria José Moreira 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study assessed the anthelmintic activity of plant-derived compounds against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats using the egg hatch and larval motility assays. The compounds tested were saponins (digitonin and aescin) and their respective sapogenins (aglycones), hecogenin acetate and flavonoids (catechin, hesperidin, isocordoin and a mixture of isocordoin and cordoin). Additionally, cytotoxicity of active substances was analysed on Vero cell through 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl,2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and propidium iodide (PI) tests. Significant reduction on the egg hatching (P< 0.05) was seen only in the treatments with aescin (99%/EC50= 0.67 mg mL−1) and digitonin (45%). The compounds that reduced the larval motility (P< 0.05) were digitonin (EC50= 0.03 mg mL−1and EC90= 0.49 mg mL−1) and the hecogenin acetate (75%). The other sapogenins showed low anthelmintic activity. All the flavonoids showed low ovicidal (4–12%) and larvicidal (10–19%) effects. The aescin and digitonin showed low toxicity in PI test (viable cells >90%). Nevertheless, higher cytotoxicity was observed in the MTT assay, with IC50of 0.20 mg mL−1(aescin) and 0.0074 mg mL−1(digitonin). Aescin and digitonin have a pronouncedin vitroanthelmintic effect and the glycone portion of these saponins plays an important role in this activity.
Molecular phylogeny based on six nuclear genes suggests that Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes G6/G7 and G8/G10 can be regarded as two distinct species
Authors: Laurimäe Teivi , Kinkar Liina , Moks Epp , Romig Thomas , Omer Rihab A. , Casulli Adriano , Umhang Gérald , Bagrade Guna , Irshadullah Malik , Sharbatkhori Mitra , Mirhendi Hossein , Ponce-Gordo Francisco , Soriano Silvia V. , Varcasia Antonio , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Andresiuk Vanessa , Saarma Urmas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTapeworms of the species complex of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) are the cause of a severe zoonotic disease – cystic echinococcosis, which is listed among the most severe parasitic diseases in humans and is prioritized by the World Health Organization. A stable taxonomy of E. granulosus s. l. is essential to the medical and veterinary communities for accurate and effective communication of the role of different species in this complex on human and animal health. E. granulosus s. l. displays high genetic diversity and has been divided into different species and genotypes. Despite several decades of research, the taxonomy of E. granulosus s. l. has remained controversial, especially the species status of genotypes G6–G10. Here the Bayesian phylogeny based on six nuclear loci (7387 bp in total) demonstrated, with very high support, the clustering of G6/G7 and G8/G10 into two separate clades. According to the evolutionary species concept, G6/G7 and G8/G10 can be regarded as two distinct species. Species differentiation can be attributed to the association with distinct host species, largely separate geographical distribution and low level of cross-fertilization. These factors have limited the gene flow between genotypic groups G6/G7 and G8/G10, resulting in the formation of distinct species. We discuss ecological and epidemiological differences that support the validity of these species.
THE VOTIVE OF AIGLATAS, SPARTAN RUNNER. OLD EVIDENCE, NEW KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Nenci Nicola 
Published: May 2018

Much of what we know about ancient Sparta is based upon inscriptions. Extant inscribed objects are often left idle in storerooms, treated summarily, with modern scholars reliant upon dated epigraphical publications which focus mainly only on the texts of the inscriptions. However, the study of objects bearing inscribed texts together with their inscriptions can yield information that challenges what we suppose we know about ancient Sparta.This article analyses a Late Archaic inscribed stele from Sparta, bearing a dedication to Karneios by Aiglatas for his athletic victories. The stele has been used as evidence for two scholarly claims: that athletic competitions were performed at the Karneia festival, and that Apollo Karneios was represented with ram's horns.Adopting a holistic approach and a comparative methodology, the present study shows that these two modern claims are without foundation. By means of autopsy and comparative analysis, this work proposes a new reading of the inscription and a novel interpretation of Aiglatas’ dedication in its cultural context. In addition, this study does not confirm the existence of gymnastic contests at the Karneia, as claimed by earlier scholars; it argues instead that a torch race may have taken place before sacrifices at the festival. Finally, it is argued that there is no evidence that Apollo Karneios was represented with the ram's horns, which opens up new possibilities for understanding the deity and his religious value within Spartan society.
The European Union’s practice of state recognition: Between norms and interests
Authors: Newman Edward , Visoka Gëzim 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article explores the European Union’s (EU) practices of international state recognition in a transitional international order. It illustrates the difficulties that the EU has encountered in attempting to reach a collective position on sensitive cases of recognition – through a complex balance of internal and external considerations – at a time when the norms regarding recognition are increasingly under challenge. Whether the organisation takes a collective European position on recognition or allows its members to adopt individual national positions, acute inconsistencies and tensions have been exposed, with implications for the EU’s standing in the world. Through this, the article identifies a key tension between the EU’s normative commitments and its geopolitical interests. In conclusion, the article argues that while a uniform EU policy on recognition may not be feasible and case-by-case pragmatism will likely continue, a more coherent approach and greater understanding of the impact of the EU’s position on recognition are necessary. The article draws upon interview material and extensive analysis of official EU documentation in order to provide new insights into this complex challenge. By exploring the intricacies of recognition politics, the article also makes an empirical contribution to understanding the practice of international relations in this area.
LEARNING DIRECTION MATTERS
Authors: van Maastricht Lieke , Krahmer Emiel , Swerts Marc , Prieto Pilar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study examines the acquisition process of speech rhythm in Dutch learners of Spanish (DLS) and Spanish learners of Dutch (SLD) at different proficiency levels to determine whether learning direction affects the success of rhythm acquisition in a foreign language (L2). Analyses of lengthening effects showed that the two learner groups followed different developmental paths in their acquisition of accentual and final lengthening: Both groups showed transfer effects from the L1, but while the DLS systematically approached their target until attainment, the SLD showed more variability in their development. In addition, syllable structure complexity affected L2 rhythm acquisition, and to a substantially larger extent for the SLD compared to the DLS. The results support a model of L2 rhythm acquisition in which learning direction is included as a factor, and that allows for the interaction of various language-specific properties that contribute to speech rhythm, like syllable structure complexity.
Dynamic witnesses for static type errors (or, Ill-Typed Programs Usually Go Wrong)
Authors: SEIDEL ERIC L. , JHALA RANJIT , WEIMER WESTLEY 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStatic type errors are a common stumbling block for newcomers to typed functional languages. We present a dynamic approach to explaining type errors by generating counterexample witness inputs that illustrate how an ill-typed program goes wrong. First, given an ill-typed function, we symbolically execute the body to synthesize witness values that make the program go wrong. We prove that our procedure synthesizes general witnesses in that if a witness is found, then for all inhabited input types, there exist values that can make the function go wrong. Second, we show how to extend this procedure to produce a reduction graph that can be used to interactively visualize and debug witness executions. Third, we evaluate the coverage of our approach on two data sets comprising over 4,500 ill-typed student programs. Our technique is able to generate witnesses for around 85% of the programs, our reduction graph yields small counterexamples for over 80% of the witnesses, and a simple heuristic allows us to use witnesses to locate the source of type errors with around 70% accuracy. Finally, we evaluate whether our witnesses help students understand and fix type errors, and find that students presented with our witnesses show a greater understanding of type errors than those presented with a standard error message.
Soil seedbed engineering and its impact on germination and establishment in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) as affected by seed–soil contact
Authors: Blunk Sebastian , de Heer Martine I. , Sturrock Craig J. , Mooney Sacha J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeed–soil contact plays an essential role in the process of germination as seeds absorb water through direct contact with the moist soil aggregates that surround them. Factors influencing seed–soil contact can be considered as those pertaining to soil physical properties (e.g. texture, bulk density, porosity, etc.) and those related to environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, rainfall, frost). Seed–soil contact is furthermore influenced by the specific field management processes that farmers apply, which have developed significantly over the last 30 years. However, the precise effect of cultivation on the actual contact area of the seed with the surrounding soil is based on a series of assumptions and is still largely unknown. This review considers the influence of soil management and its direct impact on seed–soil contact and establishment. We review the state of the art in methodology for measuring seed–soil contact and assess the potential for soil amendments such as plant residues and waste materials to improve seed–soil contact. Engineering the ‘optimal’ seed–soil contact remains a challenge due to the localized variation between the interaction with field management techniques and soil texture, climatic conditions and crop type. The latest imaging approaches show great promise to assess the impact of management on germination. Combining the techniques with the latest network models offers great potential to improve our ability to accurately predict germination, emergence and establishment.
The addition of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) in extenders to epididymal sperm cryopreservation in bulls
Authors: Losano João D.A. , Angrimani Daniel S.R. , Rui Bruno R. , Bicudo Luana C. , Dalmazzo Andressa , Silva Bárbara C.S. , Viana Carlos H.C. , Mendes Camilla M. , Assumpção Mayra E.O.A. , Barnabe Valquiria H. , Nichi Marcilio 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe cryopreservation of epididymal sperm is an important technique that allows genetic material to be preserved, even post mortem. However, cryopreservation leads to increased oxidative stress and impaired sperm viability. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation may improve certain sperm characteristics, but it also makes sperm more susceptible to oxidative stress, therefore adding antioxidants that counteract oxidative stress has become an option. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the interaction between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and antioxidants on the quality after the cryopreservation of epididymal bull sperm. Twenty epididymides were collected after slaughter, and epididymal sperm was cryopreserved with bovine extender supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). We verified an improvement in motility in the group that was treated only with DHA 5 µM and a concentration-dependent effect on susceptibility to lipid peroxidation that was associated with DHA concentration (1 µM, 5 µM or 10 µM). Moreover, treatment with DHA (5 µM) and SOD (20 IU/ml) resulted in higher sperm motility. Thus, the association between DHA (5 µM) and SOD (20 IU/ml) appears to be an option for increased epididymal sperm features in bulls.