bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain-controlled shell morphology on quantum rods
Authors: Ji Botao , Panfil Yossef E. , Waiskopf Nir , Remennik Sergei , Popov Inna , Banin Uri 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSemiconductor heterostructure nanocrystals, especially with core/shell architectures, are important for numerous applications. Here we show that by decreasing the shell growth rate the morphology of ZnS shells on ZnSe quantum rods can be tuned from flat to islands-like, which decreases the interfacial strain energy. Further reduced growth speed, approaching the thermodynamic limit, leads to coherent shell growth forming unique helical-shell morphology. This reveals a template-free mechanism for induced chirality at the nanoscale. The helical morphology minimizes the sum of the strain and surface energy and maintains band gap emission due to its coherent core/shell interface without traps, unlike the other morphologies. Reaching the thermodynamic controlled growth regime for colloidal semiconductor core/shell nanocrystals thus offers morphologies with clear impact on their applicative potential.
The mTORC1/4E-BP1 axis represents a critical signaling node during fibrogenesis
Authors: Woodcock Hannah V. , Eley Jessica D. , Guillotin Delphine , Platé Manuela , Nanthakumar Carmel B. , Martufi Matteo , Peace Simon , Joberty Gerard , Poeckel Daniel , Good Robert B. , Taylor Adam R. , Zinn Nico , Redding Matthew , Forty Ellen J. , Hynds Robert E. , Swanton Charles , Karsdal Morten , Maher Toby M. , Fisher Andrew , Bergamini Giovanna , Marshall Richard P. , Blanchard Andy D. , Mercer Paul F. , Chambers Rachel C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMyofibroblasts are the key effector cells responsible for excessive extracellular matrix deposition in multiple fibrotic conditions, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis has been implicated in fibrosis, with pan-PI3K/mTOR inhibition currently under clinical evaluation in IPF. Here we demonstrate that rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1 signaling via 4E-BP1 is a critical pathway for TGF-β1 stimulated collagen synthesis in human lung fibroblasts, whereas canonical PI3K/Akt signaling is not required. The importance of mTORC1 signaling was confirmed by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in normal and IPF fibroblasts, as well as in lung cancer-associated fibroblasts, dermal fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells. The inhibitory effect of ATP-competitive mTOR inhibition extended to other matrisome proteins implicated in the development of fibrosis and human disease relevance was demonstrated in live precision-cut IPF lung slices. Our data demonstrate that the mTORC1/4E-BP1 axis represents a critical signaling node during fibrogenesis with potential implications for the development of novel anti-fibrotic strategies.
RORγt inhibition selectively targets IL-17 producing iNKT and γδ-T cells enriched in Spondyloarthritis patients
Authors: Venken Koen , Jacques Peggy , Mortier Céline , Labadia Mark E. , Decruy Tine , Coudenys Julie , Hoyt Kathleen , Wayne Anita L. , Hughes Robert , Turner Michael , Van Gassen Sofie , Martens Liesbet , Smith Dustin , Harcken Christian , Wahle Joseph , Wang Chao-Ting , Verheugen Eveline , Schryvers Nadia , Varkas Gaëlle , Cypers Heleen , Wittoek Ruth , Piette Yves , Gyselbrecht Lieve , Van Calenbergh Serge , Van den Bosch Filip , Saeys Yvan , Nabozny Gerald , Elewaut Dirk 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDysregulated IL-23/IL-17 responses have been linked to psoriatic arthritis and other forms of spondyloarthritides (SpA). RORγt, the key Thelper17 (Th17) cell transcriptional regulator, is also expressed by subsets of innate-like T cells, including invariant natural killer T (iNKT) and γδ-T cells, but their contribution to SpA is still unclear. Here we describe the presence of particular RORγt+T-betloPLZF− iNKT and γδ-hi T cell subsets in healthy peripheral blood. RORγt+ iNKT and γδ-hi T cells show IL-23 mediated Th17-like immune responses and were clearly enriched within inflamed joints of SpA patients where they act as major IL-17 secretors. SpA derived iNKT and γδ-T cells showed unique and Th17-skewed phenotype and gene expression profiles. Strikingly, RORγt inhibition blocked γδ17 and iNKT17 cell function while selectively sparing IL-22+ subsets. Overall, our findings highlight a unique diversity of human RORγt+ T cells and underscore the potential of RORγt antagonism to modulate aberrant type 17 responses.
Detecting topological variations of DNA at single-molecule level
Authors: Liu Ke , Pan Chao , Kuhn Alexandre , Nievergelt Adrian Pascal , Fantner Georg E. , Milenkovic Olgica , Radenovic Aleksandra 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn addition to their use in DNA sequencing, ultrathin nanopore membranes have potential applications in detecting topological variations in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This is due to the fact that when topologically edited DNA molecules, driven by electrophoretic forces, translocate through a narrow orifice, transient residings of edited segments inside the orifice modulate the ionic flow. Here we utilize two programmable barcoding methods based on base-pairing, namely forming a gap in dsDNA and creating protrusion sites in ssDNA for generating a hybrid DNA complex. We integrate a discriminative noise analysis for ds and ss DNA topologies into the threshold detection, resulting in improved multi-level signal detection and consequent extraction of reliable information about topological variations. Moreover, the positional information of the barcode along the template sequence can be determined unambiguously. All methods may be further modified to detect nicks in DNA, and thereby detect DNA damage and repair sites.
Band-like transport in small-molecule thin films toward high mobility and ultrahigh detectivity phototransistor arrays
Authors: Ji Deyang , Li Tao , Liu Jie , Amirjalayer Saeed , Zhong Mianzeng , Zhang Zhao-Yang , Huang Xianhui , Wei Zhongming , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping , Fuchs Harald 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWith the fast development of organic electronics, organic semiconductors have been extensively studied for various optoelectronic applications, among which organic phototransistors recently emerged as one of the most promising light signal detectors. However, it is still a big challenge to endow organic phototransistors with both high mobility and high light-sensitivity because the low mobility of most organic photoresponsive materials limits the efficiency of transporting and collecting charge carriers. We herein report band-like charge transport in vacuum-deposited small-molecule thin films for organic phototransistor arrays which can be operated at very low dark currents (~10−12 A). Both high mobility and excellent optical figures of merit including photosensitivity, photoresponsivity and detectivity are achieved, wherein, unprecedentedly, a detectivity greater than 1017 cm Hz1/2 W−1 is obtained. All these key parameters are superior to state-of-the-art organic phototransistors, implying a great potential in optoelectronic applications.
Ageing properties and polymer/fuel interactions of polyamide 12 exposed to (bio)diesel at high temperature
Authors: Wei Xin-Feng , De Vico Loris , Larroche Pierre , Kallio Kai J. , Bruder Stefan , Bellander Martin , Gedde Ulf W. , Hedenqvist Mikael S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBiodiesel derived from oil crops and animal fats has been developed as a promising carbon-neutral alternative to petroleum fuels in the transport sector, but the compatibility between biodiesel/petroleum diesel and polymer components in the automotive fuel system has not been free from controversy. In this present study, the degradation of polyamide 12 (PA12), one of the most common polymers used in vehicle fuel systems, has been investigated after exposure to petroleum diesel, biodiesel and a mixture of these (20 vol.% of biodiesel/80 vol.% petroleum diesel). Fuel sorption kinetics, glass transition temperature data and mechanical properties all showed that the fuels plasticized the PA12. In addition, monomers and oligomers were extracted from PA12 by the fuels. The long-term exposure led to oxidation and an annealing-induced increase in crystallinity of the polymer. The plasticization, oxidation and annealing effects were combined with the tensile mechanical properties to assess the overall degree of ageing and degradation of the PA12 material. The fuel-polymer interactions and ageing mechanisms, demonstrated here at high temperature for PA12, are 'generic' in the sense that they are also expected to occur, to various degrees, with many other polymers and they indicate that care should be taken when choosing polymers in applications where they will be exposed to fuels at high temperature.
Light-induced structural changes in a full-length cyanobacterial phytochrome probed by time-resolved X-ray scattering
Authors: Heyes Derren J. , Hardman Samantha J. O. , Pedersen Martin N. , Woodhouse Joyce , De La Mora Eugenio , Wulff Michael , Weik Martin , Cammarata Marco , Scrutton Nigel S. , Schirò Giorgio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhytochromes are photoreceptor proteins that transmit a light signal from a photosensory region to an output domain. Photoconversion involves protein conformational changes whose nature is not fully understood. Here, we use time-resolved X-ray scattering and optical spectroscopy to study the kinetics of structural changes in a full-length cyanobacterial phytochrome and in a truncated form with no output domain. X-ray and spectroscopic signals on the µs/ms timescale are largely independent of the presence of the output domain. On longer time-scales, large differences between the full-length and truncated proteins indicate the timeframe during which the structural transition is transmitted from the photosensory region to the output domain and represent a large quaternary motion. The suggested independence of the photosensory-region dynamics on the µs/ms timescale defines a time window in which the photoreaction can be characterized (e.g. for optogenetic design) independently of the nature of the engineered output domain.
DNA-binding directs the localization of a membrane-integrated receptor of the ToxR family
Authors: Brameyer Sophie , Rösch Thomas C. , El Andari Jihad , Hoyer Elisabeth , Schwarz Julia , Graumann Peter L. , Jung Kirsten 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAll living cells have a large number of proteins that are anchored with one transmembrane helix in the cytoplasmic membrane. Almost nothing is known about their spatiotemporal organization in whole cells. Here we report on the localization and dynamics of one representative, the pH sensor and transcriptional regulator CadC in Escherichia coli. Fluorophore-tagged CadC was detectable as distinct cluster only when the receptor was activated by external stress, which results in DNA-binding. Clusters immediately disappeared under non-stress conditions. CadC variants that mimic the active state of CadC independent of environmental stimuli corroborated the correlation between CadC clustering and binding to the DNA, as did altering the number or location of the DNA-binding site(s) in whole cells. These studies reveal a novel diffusion-and-capture mechanism to organize a membrane-integrated receptor dependent on the DNA in a rod-shaped bacterium.
General extenders and discourse variation
Authors: Ruzaitė Jūratė 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe present study accounts for the use of general extenders (GEs) in spoken and written registers. The repertoire and usage of GEs is analysed in Lithuanian by focusing on their distribution across different registers, their structural properties, and discourse-pragmatic functions. The study is based on a reference corpus of Lithuanian, which includes four subcorpora of written discourse and a subcorpus of spoken discourse. The findings indicate that there are some significant cross-generic differences in GE frequency, but most frequently GEs in Lithuanian are used in written academic discourse. With regard to the structural types of GEs, adjunctives are considerably more frequent than disjunctives. GE structure allows for a large degree of variation, and in spoken interaction GEs can include deictic elements. Concerning discourse-pragmatic functions, GEs are predominantly used to serve textual and interpersonal functions, which appear to be strongly related to the structural type of the GE and discourse settings.
The replacement of diminutive suffixes in the New High German period
Authors: Lameli Alfred 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article addresses the replacement of the diminutive form ‑lein by ‑chen as the leading
suffix in written German during the New High German period. A large sample of diminutives from 1600–1900, retrieved from the DTA
corpus, forms the basis of this investigation. The study aims to provide a detailed periodization of the replacement process with
regard to both types and tokens. By using methods from computational linguistics and time series analysis, clear patterns of
language variation and change are demonstrated; these patterns are to some extent interrelated and staggered throughout time. The
study additionally shows that there are transfers between genres that coincide with the transition from ‑lein to
‑chen. This indicates that the replacement is due to a strengthening of the semantic effort of the diminutive
suffix. Finally, information regarding the writers’ origins is used to map the areal distribution of diminutive forms over time.
The maps illustrate the importance of geography as a factor, particularly in the initial phase of the replacement; however, it
seems to be without any impact by the end of the 19th century. In doing so, the study offers a particular framework for the
analysis of word formation based on historical corpora.
Sequelae of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Following Maternal Primary Infections Are Limited to Those Acquired in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Faure-Bardon Valentine , Magny Jean-François , Parodi Marine , Couderc Sophie , Garcia Patricia , Maillotte Anne-Marie , Benard Melinda , Pinquier Didier , Astruc Dominique , Patural Hugues , Pladys Patrick , Parat Sophie , Guillois Bernard , Garenne Armelle , Bussières Laurence , Guilleminot Tiffany , Stirnemann Julien , Ghout Idir , Ville Yves , Leruez-Ville Marianne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe known relationship between the gestational age at maternal primary infection an the outcome of congenital CMV is based on small, retrospective studies conducted between 1980 and 2011. They reported that 32% and 15% of cases had sequelae following a maternal primary infection in the first and second or the third trimester, respectively. We aimed to revisit this relationship prospectively between 2011 and 2017, using accurate virological tools.MethodsWe collected data on women with a primary infection and an infected child aged at least 1 year at the time of analysis. An accurate determination of the timing of the primary infection was based upon serial measurements of immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG and on IgG avidity in sera collected at each trimester. The case outcome was assessed according to a structured follow-up between birth and 48 months.ResultsWe included 255 women and their 260 fetuses/neonates. The dating of the maternal infection was prospective in 86% of cases and retrospective in 14%. At a median follow-up of 24 months, the proportion of sensorineural hearing loss and/or neurologic sequelae were 32.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 23.72–42.09) after a maternal primary infection in the first trimester, 0 (95% CI 0–6.49) after an infection in the second trimester, and 0 (95% CI 0–11.95) after an infection in the third trimester (P < .0001).ConclusionsThese results suggest that a cytomegalovirus infection can be severe only when the virus hits the fetus in the embryonic or early fetal period. Recent guidelines recommend auditory follow-ups for at least 5 years for all infected children. This raises parental anxiety and generates significant costs. We suggest that auditory and specialized neurologic follow-ups may be recommended only in cases of a maternal infection in the first trimester.
Tricuspid valve relocation with endomyocardial fibrosis removal for Löeffler’s endocarditis
Authors: Asai Tohru , Miyashita Fumihiro , Nota Hiromitsu , Vigers Piers N 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Löffler endocarditis with hypereosinophilic syndrome is rare but can cause critical ventricular obliteration by endomyocardial fibrosis. A 52-year-old woman experienced severe right heart failure with extreme shrinkage of her right ventricle, severe tricuspid regurgitation and marked right atrial enlargement. Preoperative tests showed identical pressures in the right atrium and pulmonary artery. Endocardial stripping was done, and to enlarge the right ventricle, we relocated the anterior and posterior tricuspid leaflets cephalad, up the right atrium wall, to ‘ventricularize’ a portion of the right atrium, with autologous pericardial augmentation of the tricuspid leaflets. An annuloplasty ring was added to reinforce the relocated tricuspid attachment. Right heart pressures normalized postoperatively. The patient recovered uneventfully. She has received corticosteroid therapy continuously and has shown no recurrence of heart failure in the 5 years since surgery.
High lipoprotein(a) and high risk of mortality
Authors: Langsted Anne , Kamstrup Pia R , Nordestgaard Børge G 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Aims
Several lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapies are currently being developed with the long-term goal of reducing cardiovascular disease and mortality; however, the relationship between lipoprotein(a) and mortality is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that lipoprotein(a) levels are associated with risk of mortality.

Methods and results
We studied individuals from two prospective studies of the Danish general population, of which 69 764 had information on lipoprotein(a) concentrations, 98 810 on LPA kringle-IV type 2 (KIV-2) number of repeats, and 119 094 on LPA rs10455872 genotype. Observationally, lipoprotein(a) &gt;93 mg/dL (199 nmol/L; 96th–100th percentiles) vs. &lt;10 mg/dL (18 nmol/L; 1st–50th percentiles) were associated with a hazard ratio of 1.50 (95% confidence interval 1.28–1.76) for cardiovascular mortality and of 1.20 (1.10–1.30) for all-cause mortality. The median survival for individuals with lipoprotein(a) &gt;93 mg/dL (199 nmol/L; 96th–100th percentiles) and ≤93 mg/dL (199 nmol/L; 1st–95th percentiles) were 83.9 and 85.1 years (log rank P = 0.005). For cardiovascular mortality, a 50 mg/dL (105 nmol/L) increase in lipoprotein(a) levels was associated observationally with a hazard ratio of 1.16 (1.09–1.23), and genetically with risk ratios of 1.23 (1.08–1.41) based on LPA KIV2 and of 0.98 (0.88–1.09) based on LPA rs10455872. For all-cause mortality, corresponding values were 1.05 (1.01–1.09), 1.10 (1.04–1.18), and 0.97 (0.92–1.02), respectively. Finally, for a similar cholesterol content increase, lipoprotein(a) was more strongly associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality than low-density lipoprotein, implying that the mortality effect of high lipoprotein(a) is above that explained by its cholesterol content.

Conclusion
High levels of lipoprotein(a), through corresponding low LPA KIV-2 number of repeats rather than through high cholesterol content were associated with high risk of mortality. These findings are novel.
State evolution for approximate message passing with non-separable functions
Authors: Berthier Raphaël , Montanari Andrea , Nguyen Phan-Minh 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Given a high-dimensional data matrix $\boldsymbol{A}\in{{\mathbb{R}}}^{m\times n}$, approximate message passing (AMP) algorithms construct sequences of vectors $\boldsymbol{u}^{t}\in{{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}$, ${\boldsymbol v}^{t}\in{{\mathbb{R}}}^{m}$, indexed by $t\in \{0,1,2\dots \}$ by iteratively applying $\boldsymbol{A}$ or $\boldsymbol{A}^{{\textsf T}}$ and suitable nonlinear functions, which depend on the specific application. Special instances of this approach have been developed—among other applications—for compressed sensing reconstruction, robust regression, Bayesian estimation, low-rank matrix recovery, phase retrieval and community detection in graphs. For certain classes of random matrices $\boldsymbol{A}$, AMP admits an asymptotically exact description in the high-dimensional limit $m,n\to \infty $, which goes under the name of state evolution. Earlier work established state evolution for separable nonlinearities (under certain regularity conditions). Nevertheless, empirical work demonstrated several important applications that require non-separable functions. In this paper we generalize state evolution to Lipschitz continuous non-separable nonlinearities, for Gaussian matrices $\boldsymbol{A}$. Our proof makes use of Bolthausen’s conditioning technique along with several approximation arguments. In particular, we introduce a modified algorithm (called LoAMP for Long AMP), which is of independent interest.
Variation in Morphology and Kinematics Underlies Variation in Swimming Stability and Turning Performance in Freshwater Turtles
Authors: Mayerl C J , Youngblood J P , Rivera G , Vance J T , Blob R W 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAmong swimming animals, stable body designs often sacrifice performance in turning, and high turning performance may entail costs in stability. However, some rigid-bodied animals appear capable of both high stability and turning performance during swimming by propelling themselves with independently controlled structures that generate mutually opposing forces. Because such species have traditionally been studied in isolation, little is known about how variation within rigid-bodied designs might influence swimming performance. Turtles are a lineage of rigid-bodied animals, in which most species use contralateral limbs and mutually opposing forces to swim. We tested the stability and turning performance of two species of turtles, the pleurodire Emydura subglobosa and the cryptodire Chrysemys picta. Emydura subglobosa exhibited both greater stability and turning performance than C. picta, potentially through the use of subequally-sized (and larger) propulsive structures, faster limb movements, and decreased limb excursions. These data show how, within a given body design, combinations of different traits can serve as mechanisms to improve aspects of performance with competing functional demands.
Two kinematically distinct old globular cluster populations in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Piatti Andrés E , Alfaro Emilio J , Cantat-Gaudin Tristan 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
We report results of proper motions of 15 known Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) old globular clusters (GCs) derived from the Gaia DR2 data sets. When these mean proper motions are gathered with existent radial velocity measurements to compose the GCs’ velocity vectors, we found that the projection of the velocity vectors on to the LMC plane and those perpendicular to it tells us about two distinct kinematic GC populations. Such a distinction becomes clear if the GCs are split at a perpendicular velocity of 10 km s−1 (absolute value). The two different kinematic groups also exhibit different spatial distributions. Those with smaller vertical velocities are a part of the LMC disc, while those with larger values are closely distributed like a spherical component. Since GCs in both kinematic–structural components share similar ages and metallicities, we speculate with the possibility that their origins could have occurred through a fast collapse that formed halo and disc concurrently.