bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) Dan Media Pembelajaran Inkuiri Berbasis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis
Authors: Jayanti Ida Bagus Rini , Suyidno Suyidno , Hartini Sri 
Published: July 2018

LKS at schools still contained the materials and exercises without learning media have been caused the low ability of students in critical thinking skills. Therefore, carried out a research that aims to produce LKS and learning media of inquiry based on critical thinking skills of junior high school students on the subject of pressure effectively. The research spesific objectives are to describe the feasibility of LKS and learning media, critical thinking skills of students, and the response of students towards LKS and learning media. This research is ASSURE model development. The subjects were 30 students of class VIII-C SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin. The data were analyzed by descriptive quantitative and qualitative. Findings were obtained: (1) LKS which developed satisfied feasibility about approach content, presentation instruction, presentation of content, appropriateness of content, and performance of physic, (2) learning media which developed satisfied feasibility about benefits, presentation, and use of media props, (3) critical thinking skills of students categorized as good, (4) the students response of interests and attitudes towards LKS categorized as good, (5) the students response of interests and attitudes towards learning media categorized as very good. Retrieved conclusion that LKS and learning media of inquiry based on critical thinking skills of students who produced effectively.
Penerapan Tipe Learning Cycle Melalui Model Pengajaran Langsung Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Nisa Rakhmatun , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Suriasa Suriasa 
Published: July 2018

Strategi pembelajaran yang kurang tepat mengakibatkan kurangnya perhatian siswa terhadap proses pembelajaran sehingga mengakibatkan hasil belajar tidak maksimal. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan meningkatkan hasil belajar dengan menggunakan tipe learning cycle melalui model pengajaran langsung. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) keterlaksanaan RPP tipe learning cycle melalui model pengajaran langsung, (2) hasil belajar, (3) keterampilan prosedural, (4) respon siswa. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas model Hopkins yang terdiri dari 3 siklus, setiap siklus meliputi plan, action/observation, dan reflective. Subjek penelitian adalah 34 siswa. Data diperoleh melalui tes, observasi, angket, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) keterlaksanaan RPP selama proses pembelajaran meningkat yaitu 86,94% pada siklus I menjadi 97,08% pada siklus II dan 100% pada siklus III, (2) keterampilan prosedural siswa mengalami peningkatan tiap siklus, (3) peningkatan ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa secara klasikal yaitu pada siklus I sebesar 65,62% (tidak tuntas), siklus II sebesar 87,09% (tuntas), dan siklus III sebesar 90,00% (tuntas), (4) respon siswa secara umum tergolong baik. Diperoleh simpulan bahwa keefektifan pembelajaran yang menerapkan tipe learning cycle melalui model pengajaran langsung dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII-D SMP Negeri 31 Banjarmasin pada materi ajar cahaya berkategori efektif.
Does Intellectual Property Protection Bring Advantage to Innovators And Consumers? Perceptions of Kenyan Small Agro-Food Processors
Authors: Omillo Dr. Sc. Francis Okumo , Okubo LL.M. Yufunalis 
Published: July 2018

Enriching understanding of the complex relationship between intellectual property protection and local perceptions on how it benefits innovator and consumer in food value chain is an important policy effort towards food security and economic development of an agricultural society. This paper concerns intellectual property of small entrepreneurs as an intangible human capital that would spurs their ingenuity and innovation in processing foods to feed the exponentially growing population. The study sampled opinions of 132 micro and small agro-food processors in Kenya on intellectual property and its effect on developing advantageous products for them and consumers. Patent and trade secret were used as predictors of advantageous products. The two variables were modeled using linear regression techniques to find their effects on food products that would end starvation and generate enough income for the innovators (advantageous products). The study found out that the contribution of trade secrets was positive and patenting inverse to both the innovator and customer at marketplace. In the opinion of agro-food processors, intellectual property protection did not significantly influence the advantage of food products to the innovator and the end user. This implies that, small scale agro-food processors have not fully appreciated the importance of intellectual property rights. Therefore the study suggests the food processors are sensitized and current intellectual property legal framework be enhanced to promote innovation among the micro and small entrepreneurs. Borrowing from United States and China, the administration of intellectual property protection should be a one-stop-shop for policy development and enforce laws and all other intellectual proprietary matters. Interested further studies could be done on trade mark, copyrights and plant patents.
Longitudinal online survey in well-being research: first experiences from CRO-WELL project
Authors: Lučić MSc. Lana , Brkljačić Dr. Sc. Tihana , Lipovčan Dr. Sc. Ljiljana Kaliterna 
Published: July 2018

The aim of this report was to analyse positive and negative aspects of online administration of longitudinal well-being survey and to provide suggestions and guidelines for future research. The aim of CRO-WELL (Croatian Longitudinal Well-being Study) research was to follow well-being indicators longitudinally, on a large sample (N>5 000).For the purpose of the research we developed online platform with integrated questionnaire to assess various variables related to well-being. Participants could assess the application via various browsers, and it was also adjusted for smart phones. “Friendly use” of the online application, understanding of questions and answering method, as well as ethical concerns, was tested using focus groups and individual trials. To enable matching the participants from two waves, every participant had to log in to the web page using his/her e-mail address. While e-mail address was protected by data-base, special computer-programme created token associated with each participant. A year after completing the initial questionnaire, participants were automatically invited to complete the follow-up. This paper brings review of designing and conducting a longitudinal research having in mind advantages and disadvantages of online survey.
European Politics and Diplomacy before the World War One 1908 – 1914
Authors: Shala MA. Mirlind 
Published: July 2018

Following the failure of the alliance with Germany, Great Britain was dissatisfied. The British politics having a long experience in international affairs; as the most experienced country in politics, reported and accounted that the further strengthening of Germany and consequently of the Central Europe was to the detriment of British interests. For this very reason it showed signs of getting close to France and Russia in 1904. While in the world it started to get close to Japan. As though unnoticed, to the rest part of the world, not to Great Britain, an international alliance was being formed in order to neutralize the Central Block. In this paper I tried to offer and present a scientific argument and by using the advanced, research and comparison methods as well as the deductive method, to divide the article into chronological, historical and research manner.
Long‐Term Variability of Soil Moisture in the Southern Sierra: Measurement and Prediction
Authors: Oroza Carlos A. , Bales Roger C. , Stacy Erin M. , Zheng Zeshi , Glaser Steven D. 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
An algorithm for predicting soil‐water storage was evaluated for 6 yr.
Algorithm accuracy was high during wet‐up, snow cover, and early recession.
Accuracy declined during late recession and during dry periods.
Accuracy declined and relative independent‐variable rank changed in dry years.
Transient snow cover in dry periods altered soil‐water storage patterns.
Using 6 yr (Water Year [WY] 2009–WY 2014) of hourly in situ measurements from a spatially distributed water‐balance cluster, we quantified the long‐term accuracy of an algorithm used to predict spatial patterns of depth‐integrated soil‐water storage within the rain–snow transition zone of the southern Sierra Nevada. The algorithm—the multivariate, non‐parametric regression‐tree estimator Random Forest—was used to predict soil‐water storage based on a combination of attributes at each instrument cluster (soil texture, topographic wetness index, elevation, northness, and canopy cover). Out‐of‐bag R2 (similar to cross‐validation for Random Forest) was used to quantify the accuracy of the estimator for unobserved data. Accuracy was consistently high during the wet‐up, snow‐cover, and early recession periods of average and wet years. The accuracy declined at the end of a 3‐yr dry period, and the relative rank of the independent variables in the model shifted. Soil texture was the highest‐ranked independent variable across all years, followed by elevation and northness. Topographic wetness increased in importance during dry periods. Northness exhibited high importance during the wet‐up and early recession periods of most water years. During dry years, the importance of elevation declined. In dry years, notable differences in soil‐water storage at each depth include lower‐than‐average storage in the deeper regolith at the beginning of the water year and lower storage in near‐surface layers during the winter resulting from transient snow cover.
Methane Transport during a Controlled Release in the Vadose Zone
Authors: Felice Mark , de Sieyes Nick , Peng Juan , Schmidt Radomir , Buelow Maya , Jourabchi Parisa , Scow Kate , Mackay Douglas 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
Vadose zone CH4 migration was densely monitored during a controlled‐release scenario.
Soil moisture strongly influenced vadose zone CH4 fate and CH4 oxidation.
Soil CH4 fate appears primarily controlled by biological CH4 oxidation.
Shallow, small‐rate releases of ethanol‐blended fuels from underground storage tanks (USTs) may be quite common and result in subsurface CH4 generation. However, vadose zone transport of CH4 generated from these fuel releases is poorly understood, despite the potential to promote vapor intrusion or create explosion hazards. In this study, we simulated shallow CH4 generation with a controlled subsurface CH4 release from July 2014 to February 2015 to characterize subsurface CH4 migration and surface emissions and to determine environmental controls on CH4 fate and transport. July 2014 through November 2014 was an extended period of drought followed by precipitation during December 2014. Throughout the experiment, under varied CH4 injection rates, CH4 formed a radially symmetrical plume around the injection point. Surface efflux during the drought period of the experiment was relatively high and stable, with approximately 10 to 11 and 34 to 52% of injected CH4 reaching the ground surface during the low‐ and high‐rate injections, respectively. Following the period of precipitation and increased soil moisture, efflux dropped and stabilized at approximately 1% of injected CH4, even as soil moisture began to decrease again. Tracer and inhibitor experiments and estimates of soil diffusivity suggest that microbial CH4 oxidation was responsible for the observed drop in efflux. The decrease in efflux only after soil moisture increased suggests a strong environmental control over the transport and oxidation of vadose zone CH4.
High Levels of Serum Uric Acid, Cystain C and Lipids Concentration and their Clinical Significance in Primary Gouty Arthritis Patients
Authors: Zhang Quan-Bo , Zhu Dan , Wen Zhong , Yi Ting , Li Qing , Qing Yu-Feng , Zhou Jing-Guo 
Published: July 2018

Objective:
To investigate the changes of serum Uric Acid (sUA), lipids and Cystatin C
(CysC) in primary gout patients, and to explore the clinical significance in gout patients.

Methods:
: sUA, CysC, high-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP) and other biochemical parameters
were measured in 326 gout patient and 210 healthy control subjects, blood cell counts were
also detected. Clinical data were collected from gout patients.

Results:
sUA, CysC, hsCRP, Body Mass Index (BMI), White Blood Cell (WBC) counts, neutrophil
Granulocyte (GR), Monocyte (Mo), Triglycerides (TG), plasma Total Cholesterol (TC), Very Low
Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100), Blood Glucose (GLU), serum
Creatinine (sCr) and Urea Nitrogen (BUN) were significantly increased in gout patients compared
with HC subjects (P<0.01, respectively), while lymphocyte counts and High Density Lipoprotein-
Cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly decreased in gout patients compared with HC subjects
(P<0.01, respectively). Positive correlations were observed between concentration of sUA and age,
TG, VLDL, sCr and CysC (P<0.05, respectively). While negative correlations were observed between
the concentration of sUA and HDL-C(P<0.01). Besides, Positive correlations were observed
between concentration of CysC and WBC, GR, Mo, apoA1, GLU, sCr, BUN, sUA, hsCRP
(P<0.05, respectively). While negative correlations were observed between the concentration of
CysC and TC, LDL-C(P<0.01, respectively).

Conclusions:
Blood lipid profile changes in gout patients. Gout patients who suffer from lipid metabolism
disorder and vascular diseases might be associated with hyperuricemia, which leads to endothelial
cell damage and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. CysC might be a marker for
renal function damage and inflammation. Hyperuricemia is the risk factor of renal disorder in gout
patients.
Cyclic Voltammetry as an Electroanalytical Tool for Analysing the Reaction Mechanisms of Copper in Chloride Solution Containing Different Azole Compounds
Authors: Finšgar Matjaž , Xhanari Klodian , Ćurković Helena O. 
Published: July 2018

Background:Cyclic voltammetry is widely employed in electroanalytical studies because it provides fast information about the redox potentials of the electroactive species and the influence of the medium on the redox processes. Azole compounds have been found to be effective corrosion inhibitors for copper in chloride-containing solutions. The aim of this work was to investigate in detail the influence of the addition of various azole compounds on the oxidation mechanism of copper in chloride-containing solutions, using cyclic voltammetry.Methods:The influence of thirteen azole compounds, at three different concentrations on the electrochemical/ chemical reactions of pure copper immersed in 3 wt.% NaCl solution was studied using cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates. The change of the peak current and potential with the scan rate were investigated. The possible linearity was compared with the theoretically derived mechanism. The possible reaction mechanisms were discussed based on the linearity of these parameters (peak current and potential) with the scan rate compared to theoretically derived models.Results:Both the peak current and peak potential of the copper samples immersed in chloridecontaining solutions with additions of the majority of azole compounds showed linearity with the square root of the scan rate, suggesting that copper follows the Müller-Calandra passivation model. The same behavior was also found for copper in chloride-containing solutions without additions of azole compounds. A linear variation of the peak potential with the natural logarithm of the scan rate and linear variation of the peak potential with the square root of the scan rate was observed for the copper samples immersed in chloride-containing solutions with the addition of 10 mM of 2-mercapto-1- methylimidazole, imidazole, or 2-aminobenzimidazole. This suggests that copper follows irreversible redox reactions under a diffusion controlled process. No other linear relations of the peak current and peak potential with the scan rate were found.Conclusion:Copper oxidation in chloride-containing solutions is controlled by passivation (following the Müller-Calandra passivation model) upon the addition of the majority of the selected azoles. In the minority of cases, irreversible redox reactions that follow a diffusion-controlled process were identified. None of the systems followed an adsorption-controlled process. Moreover, none of the tested systems underwent reversible redox reactions that followed a diffusion controlled process.
Simultaneous HPTLC Densitometric Estimation of KBA and AKBA from Boswellia serrata
Authors: Mehta Meenu , Garg Munish , Dua Kamal , Satija Saurabh 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Boswellic acids (BAs) are extracted from oleo gum of Boswellia serrata and
are utilized as potential anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory and antitumor specialists.
The present examination was meant to assess KBA and AKBA in Boswellia serrata separate by
High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC).

Methods:
The separation of bioactive compounds was performed utilizing mobile phase glacial acetic
acid, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and toluene (0.3: 1: 8: 2) (v/v/v/v) and distinguished at wavelength 254
nm. The technique was approved for linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of
quantification (LOQ), and so forth by International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.

Results:
The calibration range was observed to be 2- 14 μg/band for both the bioactive compounds.
KBA was isolated with an Rf estimation of 0.39 ± 0.02 and AKBA with an Rf estimation of
0.42 ± 0.02. The accuracy was seen to be as high as 99.17% and 97.42 for KBA and KBA, respectively.
The percentage RSD value for intra-day and between day varieties was under 2%. The system indicated
high affectability and specificity.

Conclusion:
The developed HPTLC method was simple, precise, robust, specific, rapid, and costeffective
and could be used for quality control analysis and quantification of KBA and AKBA in different
herbal formulations containing the plant species.
A Simplified Approach to the Management of Hypercalcemia
Authors: Bajwa Ravneet , Amin Ami , Gandhi Bhavika , Mansur Sarmed , Amirpour Alireza , Karawadia Tejas , Patel Priya , Costanzo Eric J. , Hossain Mohammad A. , Cheng Jennifer , Patel Mayurkumar , Vachharajani Tushar , Asif Arif 
Published: July 2018

Introduction:While patients with hypercalcemia can be treated with various treatment options including volume expansion, loop diuretics, calcitonin, bisphosphonate, sensipar; hypercalcemia can be resistant to these measures.Case Description:In this report, we present two elderly patients with hypercalcemia resistant to traditional therapy. Both had parathyroid tumor. Early diagnosis could not be established. Both patients required hemodialysis. Hypercalcemia was controlled in the 74-year old who successfully underwent surgery with normalization of calcium level. The 79-year old was not considered a surgical candidate and was transitioned to hospice.Discussion & Conclusion:Primary hyperparathyroidism is an important cause of hypercalcemia. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality, its diagnosis must be established earlier on. These case reports prepared with residents/junior faculty will benefit other trainees with the diagnosis and management of refractory hypercalcemia and highlight a teaching point that prompt diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism can have a major positive impact on the overall management of hypercalcemia.
Effects of Deep Sea Water on Anti-Obesity Properties in Induction of Beige Adipocytes
Authors: Nani Samihah Z.M. , Jaafar Abubakar , Majid Fadzilah A.A. , Mahdzir Akbariah , Musa Md. Nor 
Published: July 2018

Objective: Deep sea water (DSW) accumulates many scientific shreds of evidence in treating
obesity. Previous studies indicated that it reduces white adipose tissue (WAT) and body weight. WAT is
energy storage fat, while beige adipose tissue is energy supply fat. In this study, the effects of DSW in
the induction of beige adipocytes from mouse adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF)
cells are determined.

Methods:
Adipose tissue-derived SVF cells were isolated from mice and used for induction of beige adipocytes
and treated with DSW at several concentrations.

Results:
During the course of beige adipocytes differentiation, DSW treatment increased lipid accumulation
and upregulated adipogenic genes markers expression such as peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor-&#947; (PPAR-&#947;), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein a (C/EBP-&#945;), and fatty acid binding protein 4
(FABP4), and also upregulated thermogenic genes markers such as the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1),
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1&#945;), and cell deathinducing
DFFA-like effector A (Cidea) in beige adipocytes.

Conclusion:
DSW has the potential to promote browning of WAT and upregulates the thermogenic
genes that are responsible for energy expenditure.
Hubungan Pemakaian Antibiotik dengan Kejadian Infeksi Sectio Caesarea pada Pasien di RSUD Abepura Jayapura Papua
Authors: Emma Nani , Emilia Ova , Prawitasari Shinta 
Published: July 2018

Background: The number of caesarean section (CS) operations in the world has increased sharply within the last 20 years. Increase of the need for CS operations also increases the problem related to surgical process. Infection happens about 2% to 16% after CS operation. The incidence of post CS is associated with some factors such as supplementation of prophylaxis antibiotics, duration of childbirth, width of membrane wound, duration of surgical nursing monitoring and number of CS. CS infection associated with antibiotic use occurs before or after CS operation. The incidence increases 3 times in patients that do not use antibiotics before CS operation. Use of prophylaxis antibiotics in CS operation significantly minimizes the incidence of infection.Objective: To identify antibiotic use according to standard operational procedure to the incidence of infection in CS mothers.Method: The study was analytical with cross sectional design, undertaken at Abepura Local Hospital. Population were all mothers who gave birth through CS at the hospital. Samples were taken using systematic random sampling technique as many as 44 samples. Data were obtained through questionnaire, interview and document studies and analyzed using chi square and logistic regression test, risk prevalence at confidence interval (CI) 95% and significance p<0.05.Result: The majority of subject (56.82%) had no infection; 59.09% used antibiotics according to the procedure; 52.27% had good nutrition status; 54.55% had emergency operation; 50% had anemia. Average length of CS operation was 2.26 +1.38 hours. There was significant association between antibiotic use, nutrition status, Hb level, and types of operation and the incidence of CS infection (p<0.05). The result of multivariate analysis showed there was significant association between antibiotic use, nutrition status, types of operation and the incidence of infection. Use of antibiotic brought dominant risk for the incidence of CS infection (PR=2.36; 95% CI=1.45-3.38) whereby antibiotic use, nutrition status and types of operation could predict the incidence of CS infection as much as 10.7%.Conclusion: The majority of subject had no infection and used antibiotic according to the procedure. The probability for the incidence of CS infection was greater in antibiotic use irrelevant with the procedure. Factor most dominantly affecting the incidence of CS infection was antibiotic use irrelevant with the procedure. Keywords: antibiotic use, caesarean section, incidence of infection