bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating heritability of refractive error in Koreans: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Hwang Ho Sik , Park Gyeong‐Hun , Heo Jang Won , Kim Mee Kum , Baek Seung‐Hee , Cho Bum‐Joo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the familial correlation and heritability of refractive error in general Korean population.MethodsFrom the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 13 258 subjects of 7920 families, who were aged ≥19 years, were included in the study. Using variance components analysis, the additive genetic effect, or heritability, and the common and unique environmental effects on refractive error were examined, adopting common environments shared by cohabiting family or by siblings.ResultsThe proportions of hyperopia, myopia and high myopia in Koreans were 0.8%, 45.2% and 5.7% respectively. The correlation coefficients of spherical equivalent (SE) were 0.257 for parent–offspring pairs, 0.410 for sibling pairs and 0.112 for spouse pairs (p < 0.001 for all). Common environment shared by siblings affected the variation of SE significantly (p < 0.001), but that shared by cohabitants did not (p = 0.395). Adopting common environment shared by siblings, the heritability, common environmental effect and unique environmental effect of refractive error were 42.1 ± 3.3%, 11.8 ± 3.5% and 46.1 ± 3.9% respectively. Heritabilities of hyperopia, myopia and high myopia were 45.7%, 44.3% and 68.9% respectively. Adjusted odds ratios of myopia among offspring were 3.78 given one parent has myopia and 4.43 when both parents have myopia.ConclusionRefractive error is influenced by common environment shared by siblings. The heritability of refractive error is higher for high myopia than for myopia or hyperopia.
CLARITY‐BPA academic laboratory studies identify consistent low‐dose Bisphenol A effects on multiple organ systems
Authors: Prins Gail S. , Patisaul Heather B. , Belcher Scott M. , Vandenberg Laura N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is a high‐production chemical used in a variety of applications worldwide. While BPA has been documented as an endocrine‐disrupting chemical (EDC) having adverse health‐related outcomes in multiple studies, risk assessment for BPA has lagged due to reliance on guideline toxicology studies over academic ones with end‐points considered more sensitive and appropriate. To address current controversies on BPA safety, the United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) established the Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity (CLARITY‐BPA) using the NCTR Sprague‐Dawley rats. The goal of CLARITY‐BPA is to perform a traditional regulatory toxicology study (Core study) in conjunction with multiple behavioural, molecular and cellular studies by academic laboratories focused on previously identified BPA‐sensitive organ systems (Academic studies). Combined analysis of the data from both study types will be undertaken by the NTP with the aim of resolving uncertainties on BPA toxicity. To date, the Core study has been completed and a draft report released. Most of the academic studies have also been finalized and published in peer‐reviewed journals. In light of this important milestone, the PPTOX‐VI meeting held in the Faroe Islands, 27‐30 May 2018 devoted a plenary session to CLARITY‐BPA with presentations by multiple investigators with the purpose of highlighting key outcome. This MiniReview synthesizes the results of three academic studies presented at this plenary session, evaluates recently published findings by other CLARITY‐BPA academic studies to provide an early combined overview of this emerging data and places this in the context of the Core study findings. This co‐ordinated effort revealed a plethora of significant BPA effects across multiple organ systems and BPA doses with non‐monotonic responses across the dose range utilized. Remarkably consistent across most studies, including the Core study, are low‐dose effects (2.5, 25 and 250 μg BPA/kg body‐weight). Collectively, the findings highlighted herein corroborate a significant body of evidence that documents adverse effects of BPA at doses relevant to human exposures and emphasizes the need for updated risk assessment analysis.
Coupled Fluid Density and Motion from Single Views
Authors: Eckert M.‐L. , Heidrich W. , Thuerey N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a novel method to reconstruct a fluid's 3D density and motion based on just a single sequence of images. This is rendered possible by using powerful physical priors for this strongly under‐determined problem. More specifically, we propose a novel strategy to infer density updates strongly coupled to previous and current estimates of the flow motion. Additionally, we employ an accurate discretization and depth‐based regularizers to compute stable solutions. Using only one view for the reconstruction reduces the complexity of the capturing setup drastically and could even allow for online video databases or smart‐phone videos as inputs. The reconstructed 3D velocity can then be flexibly utilized, e.g., for re‐simulation, domain modification or guiding purposes. We will demonstrate the capacity of our method with a series of synthetic test cases and the reconstruction of real smoke plumes captured with a Raspberry Pi camera.
Liquid Splash Modeling with Neural Networks
Authors: Um Kiwon , Hu Xiangyu , Thuerey Nils 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a new data‐driven approach to model detailed splashes for liquid simulations with neural networks. Our model learns to generate small‐scale splash detail for the fluid‐implicit‐particle method using training data acquired from physically parametrized, high resolution simulations. We use neural networks to model the regression of splash formation using a classifier together with a velocity modifier. For the velocity modification, we employ a heteroscedastic model. We evaluate our method for different spatial scales, simulation setups, and solvers. Our simulation results demonstrate that our model significantly improves visual fidelity with a large amount of realistic droplet formation and yields splash detail much more efficiently than finer discretizations.
A review of systematic reviews on the effects of patient‐reported outcome monitoring with clinical feedback systems on health‐related quality of life—implications for a novel technology in obesity treatment
Authors: Hegland P. A. , Aasprang A. , Hjelle Øygard S. , Nordberg S. , Kolotkin R. , Moltu C. , Tell G. S. , Andersen J. R. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryPatient‐reported outcome monitoring with clinical feedback systems (PRO/CFS) has been employed in many disease states to measure and improve health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Exploring the role of PRO/CFS in treatment for obesity may prove valuable. Systematic reviews were summarized to determine the effectiveness of PRO/CFS on HRQOL in any disease area. Primary studies evaluating the effect of PRO/CFS on HRQOL in treatment for obesity were also considered for inclusion. Systematic searches were performed in The Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, Epistemonikos, HTA, DARE, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, BMJ Clinical Evidence, PDQ‐Evidence and PubPsych. Two reviewers independently screened references until final inclusion and critically appraised included reviews using PRISMA checklist. Five systematic reviews and no primary studies met inclusion criteria. Although results were inconsistent, effectiveness of PRO/CFS on HRQOL was demonstrated in some diseases/treatments (e.g. psychiatric treatment; symptom burden in cancer treatment). No trials using PRO/CFS in treatment for obesity were identified. In some trials, PRO/CFS was not fully integrated into consultations, thereby PRO/CFS was not extensively studied. General effectiveness of PRO/CFS on HRQOL is inconclusive due to heterogeneous and statistically insignificant findings, and lack of stringency in conceptualization and execution of PRO/CFS. There are no data relevant to treatment for obesity. Future studies should use rigorous methodology to examine the effectiveness of PRO/CFS in treatment for obesity.
The prevalence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Pang Hongyan , Wang Lei , Liu Jie , Wang Shengfeng , Yang Yuanhua , Yang Ting , Wang Chen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionVenous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is not rare, which would affect the patient’s prognosis.ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence, risk factors and clinical characteristics of AECOPD patients with VTE.MethodsWe performed this multi‐center, prospective, observational study that involved 16 hospitals in China. Patients admitted to hospital due to AECOPD were consecutively enrolled. Baseline characteristics, VTE risk factors, symptoms, signs and auxiliary examination results were collected. Lower limb venous ultrasound and computed tomography pulmonary angiography were examined.ResultsBetween June 2009 and October 2010, a total of 1144 AECOPD patients (the average age 72.0 ± 9.1 years, 761 males) were enrolled in this study. Seventy‐eight (6.8%) were diagnosed with VTE, including 24 PE, 64 DVT, 10 combined PE and DVT. VTE patients were older than non‐VTE patients. History of venous thromboembolism and lower extremity varicose vein, and presence of longer immobility (≥3 days), lower limbs problems of swelling, pain and walking difficulties, diuretics use, fever, syncope, higher d‐dimer and lower hemoglobin were more common in VTE patients than in non‐VTE patients. After adjusting the covariates, venous thrombosis history, prolonged immobility (≥3 days), lower limb pain before hospitalization, higher d‐dimer independently associated with VTE development. Regular glucocorticoid use was not associated with increased risk of VTE in this set of patients.ConclusionVTE is relatively common among hospitalized AECOPD patients. Conventional prophylactic anticoagulant therapy may be considered for those hospitalized AECOPD patients with risk factors.
Silage and haylage for horses
Authors: Müller Cecilia Elisabeth 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis review covers current understanding on the use of wrapped forages such as silage and haylage as forage sources in equine nutrition. Silage (dry‐matter content <500 g per kg) generally have higher concentration of lactic acid and other fermentation products and has a lowerpHcompared to haylage (dry‐matter content >500–840 g per kg), as the lack of water in haylage restricts fermentation. The differences in biochemical and microbial composition in forage conserved as silage, haylage and hay have not been reported to influence digestion or hindgut function in horses differently. Studies on equine intake and preference of forages conserved as silage, haylage or hay are scarce and contradictory; both low voluntary intake and preference for silage have been reported. Studies on aerobic storage stability of opened bales are few, but are needed, as daily forage consumption is often low on horse farms, which may increase the risk of aerobic deterioration of forage in opened bales before they have been fed. A high hygienic quality of wrapped forages for horses is crucial: (a) as mould spores may cause chronic respiratory disorders; (b) as mycotoxins may cause intoxications, skin problems, gastrointestinal disorders and reproduction failures; (c) as presence ofClostridium botulinumand its toxin botulin may cause fatal disease; and (d) as other microbes (e.g.,Listeria monocytogenes) may cause illness in the horse. Further research is needed especially for systems of assessment of hygienic quality of haylage, and how to prolong aerobic storage stability in opened bales.
American Headache Society Survey About Urgent and Emergency Management of Headache Patients
Authors: Minen Mia T. , Ortega Emma , Lipton Richard B. , Cowan Robert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundEmergency department (ED) visits for migraine are burdensome to patients and to the larger healthcare system and society. Thus, it is important to determine strategies used to prevent ED visits and the common communication patterns between headache specialists and the ED team.ObjectiveWe sought to understand: (1) Whether headache specialists use headache management protocols. (2) The strategies they use to try and reduce the number of ED visits for headache. (3) Whether protocols are used in the EDs with which they are affiliated. (4) The level of satisfaction with the coordination of care between headache physicians and the ED.MethodsWe surveyed via SurveyMonkey members of the American Headache Society Emergency Department/Refractory/Inpatient (EDRI) Section to understand their practice regarding patients who call their office to be seen urgently, and to understand their communication with their local EDs.ResultsThere were 96 eligible AHS members, 50 of whom responded to questionnaires either by email or in person (52%). Of these, 59% of respondents reported giving rescue treatment to their patients to manage acute attacks. Fifty‐four percent reported using standard protocols for outpatients not responding to usual acute treatments. In the event of a request for urgent care, 12% of specialists reported bringing patients into the office most or all of the time, and 20% reported sending patients to the ED some or most of the time for headache management. Thirty‐six percent reported prescribing a new medicine and 30% reported providing telephone counseling some/most/all of the time. Sixty percent reported that their ED has a protocol for migraine management. Overall, 38% were usually or very satisfied with the headache care in the ED.ConclusionsA substantial number of headache specialists are dissatisfied with the care their patients receive in the ED. More standardized protocols for ED visits by patients with known headache disorders, and clear guidelines for communication between ED providers and treating physicians, along with better methods for follow‐up following discharge from the ED, might appear to improve this issue.
Exercise and glucose control in children with insulin resistance: prevalence of non‐responders
Authors: Álvarez C. , Ramírez‐Campillo R. , Cano‐Montoya J. , Ramírez‐Vélez R. , Harridge S. D. R. , Alonso‐Martínez A. M. , Izquierdo M. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundExercise training improves cardiometabolic outcomes in ‘mean terms’, but little information is available in children about the impact of the frequency/week and the wide inter‐individual variability to exercise training reported in adults.ObjectivesWe compared the effects of resistance training (RT) and high‐intensity interval training (HIT), and ‘high’ and ‘low’ frequency of training/week, for their effectiveness in decreasing insulin resistance (IR) levels in schoolchildren. A second aim was to decscribe and compare the prevalence of non‐responders (NRs) between the different frequencies of training protocol.MethodsFifty‐three schoolchildren with IR were randomly assigned into four groups: RT at high frequency (three times/week), HIT at high frequency, RT at a low frequency (two times/week) and HIT at low frequency. The intervention lasted 6 weeks. Blood samples and body composition, blood pressure and performance measurements were taken before and after the intervention.ResultsThe prevalence of NRs was similar between the RTHF and HITHF (25.0% vs. 25.0%, P > 0.05) and RTLF and HITLF groups (20.0% vs. 46.6%, P = 0.174) for decreasing homeostasis model assessment of IR. However, significant differences in the prevalence of NRs were detected between RTHF and HITHF groups in fasting glucose (FGL) (18.7% vs. 58.3%, P < 0.031).ConclusionsBoth RT and HIT improves the glucose control parameters in schoolchildren over 6 weeks, but only HIT is independent of a high or low frequency of training/week. The prevalence of NRs is similar for decreasing homeostasis model assessment of IR comparing each exercise mode in high vs. low frequency/week. However, both high‐ and low‐frequency RT and HIT results in differences in the prevalence of NRs for FGL and other cardiometabolic and performance outcomes.
Do Countries Matter More in Determining the Relationship Between Employee Welfare and Financial Performance?
Authors: Gupta Kartick , Krishnamurti Chandrasekhar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExtant literature suggests that employee‐friendly practices influence corporate decision‐making. Using a bargaining framework, we examine the role of country‐level determinants in influencing employee‐friendly practices and their impact on value creation. Utilizing a comprehensive sample of 25,483 firm‐year observations from 56 countries, we find that firms domiciled in countries with weak employment protection and regulations can potentially benefit by voluntarily undertaking employee‐friendly practices. Also, in countries with flexible labor market conditions, firm value is enhanced by undertaking employee‐friendly practices. Furthermore, the importance of employee‐friendly practices in value creation is observed strongly in countries that provide better infrastructure, productivity, and incentives.
Association between the T6459C point mutation of the mitochondrial MT‐CO1 gene and susceptibility to sepsis among Chinese Han people
Authors: Shen Xiaodong , Han Guoxin , Li Shuoshuo , Song Yang , Shen Hong , Zhai Yongzhi , Wang Yingchan , Zhang Fei , Dong Ning , Li Tanshi , Yao Yongming , Zhu Haiyan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo search for an association between sepsis and mitochondrial genetic basis, we began our study. In this study, a proband harbouring mitochondrial T6459C mutation with sepsis and his Chinese Han pedigree including 7 members of 3 generations were enrolled. General information, blood parameters and mitochondrial full sequence scanning of all members were performed, and cellular functions, including cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), degrees of cell apoptosis and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations, were measured in members with and without the T6459C mutation. Through mitochondrial full sequence scanning and analysis of all members we found, the maternal members (I‐1, II‐1, II‐2 and II‐4) in this Chinese Han pedigree all had the mitochondrial T6459C mutation and were used as the mutation group. The non‐maternal members (II‐3, III‐1 and III‐2) did not have this mutation and were used as the non‐mutation group. The differences in all indicators, including the blood routine, blood biochemistry and coagulation function tests, between members in these two groups were not significant. Under the non‐stimulation condition, the mutation group had higher ROS levels (4210.42 ± 1043.35 vs 3387.78 ± 489.66, P = .028) and apoptosis ratios (P = .004) and lower ATP concentrations (P = .049) and MMP levels (P = .047) than the non‐mutation group. After 6 hours of simulated LPS stimulation, the mutation group had significantly increased ROS levels (5759.25 ± 2297.90 vs 3862.00 ± 1519.77, P = .045) compared with the non‐mutation group, whereas the mutation group continued to demonstrate higher ROS levels (P = .045) and apoptosis ratios (P = .003) and lower MMP levels (P = .005) and ATP concentrations (P = .010). We speculated that the mtDNA T6459C mutation might be the basis for the genetic susceptibility to sepsis.
Fear, Segregation, and Civic Engagement in Urban Trinidad
Authors: Forde Maarit 
Published: September 2018

ResumenEste ensayo investiga una economía espacial de segregación y confinamiento que da forma al compromiso cívico de los pobres urbanos que también perpetúa las jerarquías raciales y de clase. Basado en un estudio etnográfico de un barrio empobrecido de Puerto España, el ensayo explora la morale colonial y neoliberal que perpetúa la segregación de clases en la Trinidad y Tobago contemporánea. La economía espacial resultante de confinamiento restringe la movilidad geográfica y social de los pobres urbanos. También regula su acceso al espacio público y reduce sus oportunidades de participar en debates públicos y hacer declaraciones políticas. En un espacio nacional fragmentado, los pobres urbanos quedan excluidos de las negociaciones de vida y futuro en común. [antropología social, Caribe, clase social, colonialismo, postcolonialismo, urbano]
Indigenous Intermediaries in Prior Consultation Processes: Bridge Builders or Silenced Voices?
Authors: Eichler Jessika 
Published: September 2018

ResumenEl derecho a la consulta previa ejemplifica uno de los avances jurídicos más fundamentales en Latino América y específicamente el estado plurinacional de Bolivia. El sector hidrocarburífero en el Gran Chaco boliviano demuestra qué desafíos afrontamos hoy en día. Esta contribución busca iluminar un desafío en la aplicación de dicho derecho en particular, el rol de intermediarios indígenas, lo que es esencial para determinar el resultado del proceso. La función de dos actores se examinará en más detalle. Primeramente, líderes indígenas al nivel local, regional y nacional juegan un papel importante en influir los procesos de consulta previa y, por consiguiente, se encuentran en una situación más vulnerable frente a prácticas estatales o empresariales. Segundo, nuevos actores tales como asesores indígenas—incluyendo traductores, abogados e ingenieros—pueden tender puentes entre las comunidades y el estado. Se brindará una evaluación de estos dos grupos para demostrar cómo afectan los procesos de consulta y qué rol asumen hacia las comunidades y el estado.
Evaluation of consumers’ perception regarding frankfurter sausages with different healthiness attributes
Authors: Polizer Rocha Yana Jorge , Lapa‐Guimarães Judite , de Noronha Regina Lucia F. , Trindade Marco Antonio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate consumers’ perception regarding frankfurter sausages with different healthiness attributes. Descriptions of different frankfurter sausages were used (traditional, with natural antioxidants, with sodium reduction, with fat reduction, source of dietary fiber, and with omega 3) as stimuli. All consumers evaluated the six stimuli and performed a test of word association before evaluating the acceptance of each concept, along with the familiarity level, consumers’ emotional responses, and their perceptions of food with healthiness attributes. The category “healthiness” presented the highest frequency mentions for the stimuli with healthier attributes. The negative associations related to the traditional frankfurter sausages were unhealthy, fat/cal, and high blood pressure. Regarding the emotional evaluations, significant differences were found between different types of sausage. It is possible to conclude that different types of frankfurter sausage promoted distinctive associations and emotions when recurring categories were considered, suggesting that the development and promotion of these kinds of products must consider all the particularities obtained through these results.Practical applicationsThere is a potential market for the development of healthier meat products, due to the exposure of traditional meat products in the media regarding possible adverse health effects. The information and peculiarities obtained in this study on the perception of consumers in relation to sausage with different attributes of healthiness can direct the industry in the development and promotion of these products. Besides that, these results indicate the importance of carrying out research with product concepts to evaluate consumer perception in order to develop and launch those products in the consumer market.