bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart rate, respiratory rate, apnoeas and peripheral arterial oxygen saturation in healthy term neonates during quiet sleep
Authors: Bohnhorst B , Seidel K , Böhne C , Peter C , Pirr S 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThis study compiled percentiles for cardiorespiratory parameters in healthy term neonates during quiet sleep.MethodsWe enrolled 215 healthy term neonates born at Hannover Medical School, Germany, between October 2011 and March 2013. They were prospectively observed on the maternity ward at a median age of two days using six‐hour recordings of pulse oximeter plethysmography, oxygen saturation, thoracic breathing movements and electrocardiogram during sleep in a supine position. We examined their heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation during quiet sleep, plus bradycardias, apnoeas lasting at least four‐seconds and desaturations below 85%.ResultsThe 3rd, 50th and 97th percentiles were calculated as follows: heart rate 87, 112 and 133 beats per minute, respiratory rate 32, 44 and 57 per minute and oxygen saturation 94, 98 and 100%. Desaturations, apnoeas and bradycardias below 80 beats per minute were common and recorded in 54%, 98% and 30% of participants. In contrast, only 7% experienced bradycardias of less than two‐thirds of the baseline heart rate and 5% experienced apnoeas exceeding 15 seconds.ConclusionOur results will facilitate the evidence‐based valuation of cardiorespiratory parameters in term neonates and help validate the significance of cardiorespiratory events in preterm infants at discharge.
Incidence and characteristics of the nocebo response from meta‐analyses of the placebo arms of clinical trials of olanzapine for bipolar disorder
Authors: Dodd Seetal , Walker Adam J , Brnabic Alan J M , Hong Nancy , Burns Amber , Berk Michael 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesIn the clinical setting, the nocebo phenomenon is where clinical worsening or adverse events occur as a response to a treatment, in a situation in which conditioning from previous treatment exposure and/or expectations of sickness or symptoms lead to sickness and symptoms in a conditioned or expectant individual. The nocebo response may thus be a confounder in clinical treatment and clinical research. There is a need to know how to predict if an individual is likely to be a nocebo responder, and how significant and commonplace the nocebo effect might be.MethodsAn analysis was conducted on nine placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trials of olanzapine for the treatment of bipolar disorder using data from placebo‐treated study participants only. Data were analysed to identify participant or study characteristics associated with a nocebo event, defined as any treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) or an increase in score from baseline to endpoint for primary measures of clinical symptoms.ResultsA total of 1185 participants were randomized to placebo, of whom 806 (68%) reported a TEAE. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) data were only available for 649 placebo‐treated participants, of whom 321 (49.5%) demonstrated worsening. Nocebo events were significantly associated with: not being treatment‐naïve, younger age, being located in the USA, being a participant in an earlier study, and being classified as obese compared with normal weight.ConclusionsA pattern to identify nocebo responders did not emerge, although some prognostic variables were associated with a greater probability of nocebo response. There was some evidence to support the role of expectancy as a cause of nocebo reactions.
Multigenerational transmission of liability to psychiatric illness in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder
Authors: Post Robert M , Altshuler Lori L , Kupka Ralph , McElroy Susan L , Frye Mark A , Rowe Michael , Grunze Heinz , Suppes Trisha , Keck Paul E , Leverich Gabriele S , Nolen Willem A 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionInstead of the typical assessment of risk of illness in the offspring based on a parent with bipolar disorder, we explored the potential multigenerational conveyance across several disorders of the vulnerability to illness in the offspring of a patient with bipolar disorder.MethodsA total of 968 outpatients (average age 41 years) with bipolar illness gave informed consent and filled out a detailed questionnaire about a family history in their parents, grandparents, and offspring of: depression; bipolar disorder; alcohol abuse; substance abuse; suicide attempt; or “other” illness. Of those with children, 346 were from the USA and 132 were from Europe. Amount and type of illness in progenitors in two and three previous generations were related to offspring illness.ResultsThe type of illness seen in both prior generations was associated with the same type of illness in the offspring of a bipolar patient, including depression, bipolar disorder, alcohol and substance abuse and “other” illness, but not suicide attempts. There was an impact of multiple generations, such that depression in grandparents and/or great‐grandparents increased the risk of depression in the offspring from 12.6% to 41.4%.ConclusionsA family history of illness burden in prior generations was previously related to an earlier age of onset of bipolar illness in our adult patients with bipolar disorder and is now also found to be related to the incidence of multiple psychiatric illnesses in their offspring. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms deserve consideration for this multigenerational conveyance of illness vulnerability, and clinical and public health attempts to prevent or slow this transmission are indicated.
Accuracy of printed casts generated from digital implant impressions versus stone casts from conventional implant impressions: A comparative in vitro study
Authors: Alshawaf Bahaa , Weber Hans-Peter , Finkelman Matthew , El Rafie Khaled , Kudara Yukio , Papaspyridakos Panos 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of printed implant casts from digital impressions with two intra‐oral scanners (IOS) to stone casts from conventional impressions. The hypothesis was that printed casts would be more accurate than stone casts from conventional impressions.Materials and methodsA mandibular stone cast with Kennedy class II edentulism was fabricated using two internal connection tissue‐level implants at 30 degrees to each other (Replace Select RP, Nobel Biocare) to serve as master. Digital impressions (n = 10) were made with the white light (WL) and Active Wavefront Sampling technology (AWST) IOS. The resultant standard tessellation language (STL) datasets were used to print implant casts through stereolithography (SLA) prototyping. The conventional casts (n = 10) were produced with splinted open tray impression technique and polyether material in type IV stone. The master cast and all groups were digitized with lab reference scanner. The test groups STL datasets were superimposed to master cast STL in inspection software (Geomagic control 2015) to calculate root‐mean‐square error.ResultsThe conventional, WL IOS and AWST IOS groups had mean values of 53.49 μm (SD 9.47), 108.09 μm (SD 9.59) and 120.39 μm (SD 5.91), respectively. The Shapiro–Wilk test showed no evidence of nonnormality (p = 0.131) and Levene's test showed no evidence of heterogeneity of variance (p = 0.518). The one‐way ANOVA demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) showed statistically significant differences between all groups: for the comparison of AWST IOS and WL IOS, the p‐value was 0.009, and the p‐values of the other post hoc tests were <0.001.ConclusionPrinted casts generated from digital impressions for partially edentulous posterior mandibular arches had inferior accuracy to conventional stone casts fabricated from splinted open tray impressions. The printed casts from WL IOS had better accuracy compared to AWST IOS.
Contact allergy to oxidized geraniol among Swedish dermatitis patients—A multicentre study by the Swedish Contact Dermatitis Research Group
Authors: Hagvall Lina , Bruze Magnus , Engfeldt Malin , Isaksson Marléne , Lindberg Magnus , Ryberg Kristina , Stenberg Berndt , Svedman Cecilia , Karlberg Ann‐Therese , Bråred Christensson Johanna 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundGeraniol is a widely used fragrance terpene, and is included in fragrance mix I. Geraniol is prone to autoxidation, forming the skin sensitizers geranial, neral, and geraniol‐7‐hydroperoxide. Oxidized geraniol has previously been patch tested in 1 clinic, giving 1% to 4.6% positive reactions in consecutive patients when tested at 2% to 11%.AimTo compare test reactions to pure and oxidized geraniol, to compare 2 different test concentrations of oxidized geraniol and to investigate the pattern of concomitant reactions to fragrance markers of the baseline series in a multicentre setting.MethodsOne thousand four hundred and seventy‐six consecutive patients referred for patch testing were patch tested with geraniol 6% pet. and oxidized geraniol 6% and 11% pet.ResultsPure geraniol 6% pet., oxidized geraniol 6% pet. and oxidized geraniol 11% pet. gave 1%, 3% and 8% positive patch test reactions and 0.7%, 3% and 5% doubtful reactions, respectively. Approximately 50% of the patients with doubtful reactions to oxidized geraniol 6% pet. had positive reactions to oxidized geraniol 11% pet.ConclusionsOxidized geraniol 11% pet. provides better detection than oxidized geraniol 6% pet. As most patients reacted only to oxidized geraniol, it is important to explore further whether oxidized geraniol should be included in a baseline patch test series.
Benign paroxysmal torticollis, benign paroxysmal vertigo, and benign tonic upward gaze are not benign disorders
Authors: Humbertclaude Véronique , Krams Benjamin , Nogue Erika , Nagot Nicolas , Annequin Daniel , Tourniaire Barbara , Tournier‐Lasserve Elisabeth , Riant Florence , Roubertie Agathe ,   The Episodic Syndromes Consortium
Published: June 2018

AimBenign paroxysmal torticollis (BPT), benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPV), and benign tonic upward gaze (BTU) are characterized by transient and recurrent episodes of neurological manifestations. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical relationships between these syndromes, associated comorbidities, and genetic bases.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, clinical data of patients with BPT, BPV, or BTU were collected with a focus on developmental achievements, learning abilities, and rehabilitation. Neuropsychological assessment and genetic testing were performed.ResultsFifty patients (median age at inclusion 6y) were enrolled. Psychomotor delay, abnormal neurological examination, and low or borderline IQ were found in 19%, 32%, and 26% of the patients respectively. Cognitive dysfunction was present in 27% of the patients. CACNA1A gene mutation was identified in eight families, and KCNA1 and FGF14 mutation in one family respectively. The identification of a CACNA1A mutation was significantly associated with BTU (p=0.03) and with cognitive dysfunction (p=0.01). Patients with BPV were less likely to have cognitive dysfunction.InterpretationChildren with BPT, BPV, or BTU are at high risk of impaired psychomotor and cognitive development. These syndromes should not be regarded as benign and should be considered as part of the spectrum of a neurodevelopmental disorder.What this paper adds OK

Patients with benign paroxysmal torticollis (BPT), benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPV), and benign tonic upward gaze (BTU) have an increased risk of psychomotor delay.

These patients also have an increased risk of abnormal neurological examination and cognitive dysfunction.

Gene mutations, especially in CACNA1A, were identified in 21% of the families.

BPT, BTU, and BPV should not be regarded as benign.

BPT, BTU, and BPV should be considered as part of the spectrum of a neurodevelopmental disorder.
Is early management of psychosis designed for migrants? Improving transcultural variable collection when measuring duration of untreated psychosis
Authors: Martin Robin , Moro Marie Rose , Benoit Laelia 
Published: June 2018

AimA background of migration is an established risk factor for psychosis. At the same time, over the last 25 years, many countries have developed specialized services for the assessment and care of people with early psychosis. Evaluation of these services often focuses on the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review with an electronic search of key words in 3 databases to determine the extent to which studies measuring DUP consider transcultural variables, including migration status, national origin, ethnicity and language.ResultsWe identified 18 studies that included transcultural variables and measured DUP. They differed in their design, aims and methodology, and could not be directly compared. Common themes nonetheless appeared.ConclusionsMost of the studies exploring DUP took little account of transcultural variables. Definitions of transcultural indicators were heterogeneous and often vague. Lack of language proficiency was often an exclusion criterion, and none of the studies used interpreters. We propose some basic transcultural variable and recommendations to include in future studies and recommendations to improve their internal and external validity.
High genetic diversity and lack of pronounced population structure in five species of sympatric Pacific eels
Authors: Gubili Chrysoula , Schabetsberger Robert , Poellabauer Christine , Bates Becky , Wagstaff Rosa M. , Woodward Lewis M. , Sichrowsky Ursula , Scheck Alexander , Boseto David T. , Feunteun Eric , Acou Anthony , Jehle Robert 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the population structure of tropical anguillids residing in the Pacific is vital for their conservation management. Here, the population genetic structure of five sympatric freshwater eels (Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, A. megastoma Kaup, A. obscura Steindachner, A. reinhardtii Günther and A. australis Richardson) across 11 western South Pacific (WSP) islands was investigated based on partial nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA control region and the nuclear GTH2b genes of 288 newly collected samples jointly with existing sequences. WSP anguillids are characterised by overall high levels of genetic diversity. Both mtDNA and nuclear sequences provided no evidence for distinct geographic clines or barriers in any of the species across the WSP. The occurrence of admixed individuals between A. marmorata and A. megastoma was confirmed, and a new possible occurrence of a further species was revealed (A. interioris Whitley on Bougainville Island). All species showed evidence for demographic population growth in the Pleistocene, and a subsequent population reduction for A. megastoma. Common spawning grounds and mixing of larvae by ocean currents could promote the lack of pronounced isolation by distance, a finding that has significant implications for the future management of anguillids in the area.
Vertical and horizontal distribution of ascending Atlantic salmon in power plant tailrace channels
Authors: Sutela Tapio , Orell Panu , Huusko Ari , Jaukkuri Mikko , Huusko Riina , Mäki‐Petäys Aki , Erkinaro Jaakko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThree‐dimensional distribution of adult upstream‐migrating Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., was studied in three power plant tailrace channels on the large, regulated River Kemijoki in northern Finland using novel pressure sensor radio telemetry. The salmon swam mostly at depths of 1–4 m below the surface, with the salmon‐specific averages ranging from 1.3 to 6.4 m. When approaching a power plant, no change in swimming depth was observed. The horizontal locations of salmon in the two regularly shaped tailrace channels peaked at 5–10 m distance from the shoreline and showed a positively skewed distribution with a tail towards the central part of the tailrace. A graphical presentation of salmon locations in the tailrace channel and data on swimming depth and distance from the shoreline may prove useful in determining the location and design of a fishway entrance and in dimensioning attraction flow.
Short‐term mortality of trapped and discarded Portunus armatus following ice‐slurry immersion
Authors: Broadhurst Matt K. , Millar Russell B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn southeastern Australia, some commercial fishers sort their catches of trapped Portunus armatus in ice slurries to pacify and facilitate discarding sub‐legal and ovigerous individuals, but with unknown mortality. To estimate mortality, during 90 trap lifts, 101 and 110 small P. armatus were sorted dry and in ice slurries, respectively (over 0.5–10.0 min). All discards were individually caged and monitored with 32 similar‐sized control animals (caught by benign methods) for 48 hr. Irrespective of handling, only eight discarded P. armatus were physically damaged. None of the controls died, compared with 1 and 13% of the dry‐ and ice‐slurry sorted conspecifics. The probability of mortality was estimated at 0.005 immediately after emptying the traps and remained temporally constant for dry‐sorted individuals, but was positively associated with time in the ice slurries, reaching 50% at 9 min. Minimising sorting in ice slurries to <2 min should cause minimal impact to P. armatus, although other unaccounted mortalities (e.g., predation) and sublethal effects warrant assessment.
HIV in practice: current approaches and challenges in the diagnosis, treatment and management of HIV infection in Australia
Authors: Smith DE , Woolley IJ , Russell DB , Bisshop F , Furner V 
Published: June 2018

As treatment improves, people living with HIV (PLWHIV) can now expect to live longer, which means that the foci of HIV‐related care for them and their medical practitioners continue to change. With an increasingly older cohort of patients with HIV infection, practitioners’ key considerations are shifting from issues of acute treatment and patient survival to multiple comorbidities, toxicities associated with chronic therapy, and ongoing health maintenance. Within this context, this paper explores the current standard of practice for the management of HIV infection in Australia. We surveyed 56 Australian practitioners currently involved in managing HIV infection: ‘HIV section 100’ (HIV therapy‐prescribing) general practitioners (s100 GPs; n = 26), sexual health physicians (SHPs; n = 24) and hospital‐based physicians (HBPs; n = 6). Survey results for practice approaches and challenges were broadly consistent across the three practitioner specialties, apart from a few key areas. s100 GPs reported less prophylaxis use among patients whom they deemed at risk of HIV infection in comparison with SHPs, which may reflect differences in patient populations. Further, a higher proportion of s100 GPs nominated older HIV treatment regimens as their preferred therapy choices compared with the other specialties. In contrast with SHPs, s100 GPs were less likely to switch HIV therapies to simplify the treatment protocol, and to immediately initiate treatment upon patient request in those newly diagnosed with HIV infection. Considerably lower levels of satisfaction with current HIV practice guidelines were also reported by s100 GPs. It appears that greater support for s100 GPs may be needed to address these identified challenges and enhance approaches to HIV practice. Across all specialties, increasing access to mental health services for patients with HIV infection was reported as a key management issue. A renewed focus on providing improved mental health and wellbeing supports is recommended, particularly in the face of an ageing HIV‐infected population.
Protective psychosocial factors and dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Silva Andréa Neiva da , Alvares de lima Solimar Tavares , Vettore Mario Vianna 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial protective factors include dispositional and family attributes that may reduce the occurrence of dental caries.AimThis review analysed the evidence on the relationship between protective psychosocial factors and dental caries in children and adolescents.DesignPrimary studies involving children and adolescents were searched in the following electronic databases: Medline, SCOPUS, LILACS, SciELO, and Web of Science. The reference lists were also screened. Protective psychosocial factor descriptors were in accordance with the salutogenic theory. The outcome was clinical measure of dental caries. Quality assessments were performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.ResultsThe final search resulted in 35 studies, including 7 cohort, one case–control, and 27 cross‐sectional studies. Most studies were of moderate quality. Meta‐analyses revealed that low parental internal locus of control (cohort studies: OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20–1.64; cross‐sectional studies: OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.19–1.41), high parental external chance (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10–1.29), and high maternal sense of coherence (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62–0.93) were associated with dental caries in children. High social support (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68–0.93) and greater self‐efficacy (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.12–1.22) were also associated with dental caries in adolescents.ConclusionsThe current evidence suggests that some salutogenic factors are important protective factors of dental caries during childhood and adolescence.
Non–plaque‐induced gingival diseases
Authors: Holmstrup Palle , Plemons Jacqueline , Meyle Joerg 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile plaque‐induced gingivitis is one of the most common human inflammatory diseases, several non–plaque‐induced gingival diseases are less common but often of major significance for patients. The non–plaque‐induced gingival lesions are often manifestations of systemic conditions, but they may also represent pathologic changes limited to gingival tissues. A classification is proposed, based on the etiology of the lesions and includes: Genetic/Developmental disorders; Specific infections; Inflammatory and immune conditions and lesions; Reactive processes; Neoplasms; Endocrine, Nutritional and metabolic diseases; Traumatic lesions; and Gingival pigmentation.
Peri‐implant health
Authors: Araujo Mauricio G. , Lindhe Jan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim is to define clinical and histologic characteristics of peri‐implant tissues in health and describe the mucosa–implant interface.ImportanceAn understanding of the characteristics of healthy peri‐implant tissues facilitates the recognition of disease (i.e., departure from health).FindingsThe healthy peri‐implant mucosa is, at the microscopic level, comprised of a core of connective tissue covered by either a keratinized (masticatory mucosa) or non‐keratinized epithelium (lining mucosa). The peri‐implant mucosa averages about 3 to 4 mm high, and presents with an epithelium (about 2 mm long) facing the implant surface. Small clusters of inflammatory cells are usually present in the connective tissue lateral to the barrier epithelium. Most of the intrabony part of the implant appears to be in contact with mineralized bone (about 60%), while the remaining portion faces bone marrow, vascular structures, or fibrous tissue. During healing following implant installation, bone modeling occurs that may result in some reduction of the marginal bone level.ConclusionsThe characteristics of the peri‐implant tissues in health are properly identified in the literature, including tissue dimensions and composition. Deviation from the features of health may be used by the clinician (and researcher) to identify disease, including peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis.