bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bangladesh and the Theory of Just War
Authors: Ranly Ernest W. 
Published: September 2018

It is widely believed that in the recent India-Pakistan conflict the United States backed the wrong, that is, the losing, side. Not enough attention has been paid the possibility that the United States backed the wrong, that is, the immoral, side. This is an effort to look at that possibility within the framework of the traditional “just war theory,” a theory that may turn out to be a great deal more serviceable than its contemporary critics suggest.The principles governing a just war were first spelled out by Saint Augustine and are an integral part of scholastic moral theology even today when the whole theory has been subjected to a new and rigorous scrutiny.
The Taiwan Tangle
Authors: Bueler William M. 
Published: September 2018

Recent setbacks notwithstanding, the Nationalist Chinese government of Chiang Kai-shek still has a tight grip on Taiwan. Beyond maintaining effective control over its diverse constituents, the government has also brought reasonable prosperity. Just as clearly, however, the regime has feet of clay.The entire political system of Nationalist China rests upon the myth that it is the government of all China. The myth has finally been exploded in the diplomatic realm, but on Taiwan it remains the fragile foundation of the regime's power and very existence. The legitimacy of the regime derives from legislative and electoral bodies elected on the Mainland in the 1940's.
The New Federalists
Authors: Keys Donald F. 
Published: September 2018

The movement for a governed world has undergone a mutation recently and shows signs of again becoming an important factor in the intellectual and political worlds—for the first time since the early 1950's. The new federalism, or, if you like, neo-federalism, is no less idealistic than the old, but the time scales are different and the policies more pragmatic.Organizations and movements are not the same thing. The movement for a federated world really got under way immediately following World War II, and at first there was a high degree of congruency between the United World Federalists and the movement.
Israel—the Years Ahead
Authors: Curtis Michael , Freund Gerald , Horowitz Irving Louis , Marks John H. , Siegel Seymour , Solomonow Allan 
Published: September 2018

Unpredictable and potentially inflammable, the Middle East is currently experiencing an unusual degree of tranquillity and stability. For the United States this is a moment for satisfaction, if not yet of optimism or rejoicing.The U.S. has played a major role in producing a climate of greater realism in which some Arab states are prepared to recognize Israel, if certain conditions are met, and in which the desire to resort to armed force to obtain a solution has been significantly reduced. It was the chief force in achieving in August, 1970, a cease-fire, now over thirty months old, between Egypt and Israel. It has reached an understanding with the Soviet Union on the need to prevent acts of hostility in the area and to localize any conflicts that occur. It has maintained the balance of power in the area by its supply of arms and aid to Israel without forfeiting all relationships with Arab states.
Palestinians in Purgatory
Authors: Rouleau Eric 
Published: September 2018

On the medieval porch of the Haram-el-Ibrahimi, the great mosque of Hebron whose proud and massive walls are a monument from Herodian rimes, three Israeli soldiers stand guard. Leaning nonchalantly on their machine guns, they scrutinize the visitors, courteously asking them to put on the head covering that is strictly required in synagogues. As one climbs the long stone staircase toward the entrance of the mosque the sound of a Jewish liturgical chant, at first faint and indistinct, grows louder until it becomes deafening.About a hundred faithful, many of them soldiers in uniform with their heads capped with yarmulkes, stand and shake to and fro before the candlelit Torah fervently celebrating their office. For the first time in fourteen centuries Jews are able to worship in the building that contains the "Tombs of the Patriarchs" Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, a site sacred to both Muslim and Jew.
Encounter in Jerusalem
Authors: Vorspan Albert 
Published: September 2018

It is almost a year since we returned to the States from Israel. A number of things have changed since then and some of our memories have dimmed. And not only for us. The Tel Aviv airport massacre, which occurred while we were in Jerusalem, is probably dimmer in most people's memory than the horrifying killings at the Munich Olympics or the Libyan plane disaster in Sinai. Still, we believe we learned some things that endure, that will not readily fade from mind.We lived in Jerusalem for four months and we travelled the country like nomads, trying to catch the peculiar essence of Israel. But it's silly; born Israelis can't even catch it.
The Liturgy of the Environment
Authors: Behan R. W. 
Published: September 2018

A society's culture is a compound of many expressions of value. Each one is an argument, a “position paper” of sorts, or a liturgy to be recited; most of them are subjected to scrutiny and susceptible to change. We are, I hope, changing our American arguments about defending freedom around the world and, closer to home, about the place of the woman, the black, the Chicano or the Indian in our social structures and behaviors.There is one such expression of value—I call it the Liturgy of the Environment—that is only rarely scrutinized. That means it is rarely criticized, and that means it does not change much.
Arabs and Africans
Authors: Hunter Frederic 
Published: September 2018

A remarkable series of events in the first half of this year altered the customary pattern of relations between Africa's Arab nations and its black African states.Suddenly events suggested that the Arab nations might manage a resurgence of their influence in black Africa. They broke the normal pattern in which feelings of indifference, and sometimes distrust, are submerged in the name of continental unity and in the practice of a you-scratch-my-back-I'll-scratchyours kind of Third World solidarity. Even more, it appeared as if conditions south of the Sahara might favor this resurgence of Arab influence.
Lordstown in Yugoslavia
Authors: Mandić Oleg 
Published: September 2018

Yugoslavia's history has been shaped by paradox. Twenty million people share a land area of approximately 96,000 square miles, which includes the mountainous south, with a largely nomadic population, and the flat river plains of the north, the agricultural heartland. Through its long history the people have been divided by unending confrontations between Eastern and Western Europe, between the Byzantine Empire and the Empire of the Francs, between the Moslem and the Christian worlds. Yugoslavia has been everyone's battleground. The imperial ambitions of Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy have all ravaged Yugoslavia.All this has created a people possessing many important differences and many equally important similarities.
United States Foreign Policy: The Legacy and the Challenge
Authors: Bamds William J. 
Published: September 2018

Henry Kissinger, who has turned out a better negotiator than prophet, said in 1960: The United States cannot afford another decline like that which has characterized the past decade and a half. Fifteen years more of a deterioration in our position such as we have experienced since World War II would find us reduced to Fortress America in a world in which we had become largely irrelevant.Despite the accelerated decline of America's position in the world in the intervening years, the United States remains the world's most powerful and influential nation. (Even those who measure power in terms of military strength appear more concerned about an upward trend in-Soviet military strength and a relative decline in America's strength and its willingness to use it than about current U.S. inferiority.) The position of the United States has eroded because of its own follies and the growing strength of other countries; the latter development would have occurred irrespective of U.S. actions.
Key 73: Winning the Continent for Christ, Again
Authors: Coleman Richard J. 
Published: September 2018

Nineteen seventy-three, it is said, may long be remembered as a momentous turning point for American Christianity. Some are even talking about the possibility of a Third Great Awakening. Key 73 is certainly raising expectations, but the presuppositions underlying Key 73 may be more vulnerable than its promoters now realize.Key 73 might be described as a Christian blitz. It' is an all-out attempt to evangelize America in 1973 by capitalizing on the strengths of a coordinated thrust. Five years ago an editorial in Christianity Today entreated all evangelicals: “Somehow, Let's Get Together.” In his own words, Dr. Carl F. H. Henry; then editor of the biweekly, observed: “The response was immediate and impressive; few editorials in a decade had stimulated more letters.”
Cardinal Mindszenty as a Casualty of Détente
Authors: Hrubý Blahoslav S. 
Published: September 2018

It is too early to evaluate the full impact of Cardinal Mindszenty's witness upon his native Hungary, upon other captive nations, and upon millions of harassed and persecuted Christians and other believers in Communist countries, or even upon what we Call the free world.It is not too early, however, to be reminded of the main aspects of Mindszenty's struggle against what he viewed as Communist attempts to destroy religion. The impact of detente on the Vatican's policy toward Communist governments in general and the regime of Hungary in particular is very well illustrated by negotiations between that country and the Vatican over the past ten years. It reveals a growing willingness by the Vatican to accommodate the Hungarian government.
The Prophets of War
Authors: Kidron Peretz 
Published: September 2018

War may be launched by the Arabs in six, nine, or twelve months’ time,” warned Israel's Defense Minister, Shimon Peres, just nine months after the end bf the October, 1973, war, and only a few weeks after Syrian and Israeli forces disengaged from the Golan Heights cease-fire lines. A couple of days after Peres's statement, commanderin- chief “Motta” Gur was a little more precise: “The Arabs,” he stated, “may start a war at the end of 1974.”Jewish tradition holds that ever since the destruction of the Second Temple prophecy has become the province of fools and infants. But after four or five Mideast confrontations in under three decades predictions of war have been too often verified to be lightly shrugged off as either childish or stupid.
Self-Seekers and Sight-Savers
Authors: Herman Nicholas 
Published: September 2018

There are not many things we leave at home when we undertake a foreign expedition. We take not only our traveler's checks (I saw one countercultural type in New Delhi present an order for four thousand dollars!), our penchant for acquisition and our instamatic insights, but also our convenience consumerism. This is the form of modern tourism—a containerized, SEA FREIGHT sort of business, in which prepackaged and unpleasant surprises, such as currency changes, are smeared over with cosmetic preparations like Tip-Packs—“Take along your own small change in ten currencies.”Tourism has became an entirely predictable extention of hectic, humdrum life, with predigested extravaganzas and expatriates to assure us of the integrity of the hedonistic life we are seeking. Although there are as many psychologies of tourism as there are tourists, I will attempt to embrace them all by considering three types of judgments which a tourist is (a) most likely, (b) less likely and (c) most unlikely to make concerning those among whom he has visited.
Security Risks: National Security and the State Department
Authors: Clubb O. Edmund 
Published: September 2018

In view of the succession of failures that have marked U.S. policy in Indochina a clear assessment of responsibility would seem to be in order. The Congress is, to be sure, talking about the need to reassert itself on questions of war and peace. But, strangely enough, there has been no inclination to isolate and condemn specific bureaucratic or political figures in connection with the Indochina debacle. The instrumentalities of our foreign policy were not always so sacrosanct.As World War II ended, the Department of State came under heavy political attack for alleged errors and deviations. Shortly after resigning his position as Ambassador to China in November, 1945, Major General Patrick J. Hurley charged that "The weakness of the American foreign policy together with the Communist conspiracy within the State Department are responsible for the evils that are abroad in the world today."
A Man of All Reason
Authors: Belden Sharon E. 
Published: September 2018

My father never left the courtroom. Even though investigation into his crusading Oklahoma law practice—where he had defended blacks, reds, and pinkos-—banned him from the Oregon bar decades ago, he has always stood with one foot before the bench.No longer having a judge and jury in court, he endeavored to instill in his offspring the intricacies of logic, legalism, and leftism. Of his children he made only one demand: We were to save the world.
The Dark Heart of Amazonia
Authors: O'Mara Richard 
Published: September 2018

Brazil has always been an inward-looking country. The national consciousness is transfixed on the mystery of Amazonia, the nation's own dark heart. And it has been the abiding dream of generations to conquer the country, to open that heart. In the past the lust for adventure and sudden wealth, the lure of the wilderness, drew some over the water highways to the outposts of the gem seekers. But no great number of Brazilians ever penetrated the Amazon region. It was always too difficult, the forest too resistant.The sun comes suddenly each day over the Amazon: It warms the gliding brown rivers, the veins of the living forest that feed the giant trees. It gives the jungle back its voice, muted by the night.
The Uses (and Abuses) of Secret Power
Authors: Howe Ransom Harry 
Published: September 2018

I begin, with apologies, by mentioning two of my own books; Can American Democracy Survive Cold War? (1963) and The Intelligence Establishment (1970). The titles say much about the development of a debate that promises to be with us for some time.The first title/question posed the dilemma of an American democracy facing a perceived threat (perceived at least by the foreign policy elite) to national security. An assumed monolithic “world communism” provoked the creation of a vast arsenal of foreign policy instruments, including espionage and covert political operations overseas. Managing mis mammoth security apparatus required highly centralized control. Indeed, at times it required deception, lying, and deep secrecy.
Religious War on Cyprus: No Alternative to Partition
Authors: Oren Stephen 
Published: September 2018

The Turks have few claims on Western sympathies. They did not build the Parthenon, nor did they invent the word democracy (although in the last generation they have been more expert than the Greeks in operating one).But about Cyprus they are right. The only workable solution is partition of the island between Greek-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot entities with a loose confederal linkage. Efforts to force the Turks into other solutions, by such means as Congressional insistence that military aid to Turkey be cut off, are counterproductive. On the one hand, U.S. pressure on Turkey resulted in a tougher Turkish stand. The Turkish-Cypriots have, at Ankara's suggestion, proclaimed their own autonomous state in the 40 per cent of the island held by the Turkish Army.
Tremors from the Nixon “Shokku”
Authors: Sen Sudhir 
Published: September 2018

Sunday, August 15, 1971. It is 8 o'clock in the evening, television prime time. Suddenly the president appears on the screen, tense and unsmiling as ever, and makes a three-point announcement: The gold window will be closed, a wage-and-price freeze will be imposed, and a blanket 10 per cent surcharge will be levied on imports — all to take effect immediately. The world is stunned. Almost instantly the shock waves cross the globe. A dazed fapan cries out against what it calls — in a memorable phrase — the “Nixon shokku.”History has few examples of such a blitz-like turnabout and of such blatant disregard of promises and commitments publicly made and of international obligations solemnly undertaken. The twenty-six-year-old Bretton Woods agreement was cast overboard without the least qualm; the dollar, which for all those years had enjoyed the privileges of the world's foremost reserve currency, was delinked unilaterally from gold and set afloat.
Toward Caribbean Self-Help
Authors: Gannon Francis X. 
Published: September 2018

World attention now rivets on a troubled Central America — from Guatemala to Costa Rica — and on surrounding island states of the larger Caribbean basin. In many international forums the question is asked: Can an international assistance effort, with financial, technical, and market components, be mounted to assist the hemispheric subregion in achieving a more stable, secure, and peaceful ground for economic growth and general development? The subject is not a new one by any means. In fact, since 1945 it has found its way again and again onto the Hemisphere's geopolitical and economic agenda.Skeptics argue the futility of any effort to transfer resources from the wealthier to the poorer countries, maintaining that “official transfers cannot significantly promote development,” since they have too many adverse consequences on recipient nations, including encouragement of “imprudent financial policies.”
Daring to Lead
Authors: Young Andrew 
Published: September 2018

We who have dared associate ourselves with the cause of “the least of these,” our brethren around the world, those of us who, by circumstance or choice, find ourselves in sympathy with the struggling aspirations of the poor, the moans and cries of the oppressed, the pain and suffering of the diseased, know that somehow we on this earth have got to learn to live together as brothers.Many of us learned these lessons at the side of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. We saw how things happened to him. One of the reasons that 1 am able to be involved at the United Nations is because of the inspiration I drew from the association with Dr. King and the strength and understanding I saw him draw from ordinary people and the people who strengthened him to carry on.
The Death of Christ and Political Theory
Authors: Schall James V. 
Published: September 2018

The just man who is thought unjust will be scourged, racked, bound-will have his eyes burnt out; and, at last, after suffering every kind of evil, he will be impaled.—Glaucon, The Republic, No. 361Quod scripsi, scripsi—What I have written, I have written.—Pontius Pilate (John 19:22)Political theory is by all accounts a discipline peculiar to Western civilization. It has its origin in the Greek city-state, particularly in Plato's account of the death of Socrates. In The Republic Plato went on to ask whether the just man could live in even the best state. Socrates, we know, fought in the Peloponnesian Wars and died by virtue of a public trial in 399 B.C. By his own testimony he died obedient to the laws of the civil community in which he chose to live his life, thereby condemning the unjust use of Athenian law and stigmatizing forever those 281 hapless jurists who voted for his guilt. Moreover, Socrates died calmly because he believed in the immortality of his own soul and because he was by no means sure that an already aging man would not be much better off in the Isles of the Blessed.
Japan Seen From Southeast Asia
Authors: Matsuo Fumio 
Published: September 2018

The main problem in Southeast Asia is economic development, a problem the United States and Japan are largely responsible for. Southeast Asia, the U.S., and Japan are all involved, therefore, in determining how to achieve economic viability in Southeast Asia—where a new era of peaceful coexistence has begun after decades of war.Leaders in Southeast Asian countries, including the Socialist states in Indochina, agree that the most pressing problem is how to overcoihe extreme hardships and difficulties in order to achieve economic and social development.
Notes Toward the Definition of an Intellectual
Authors: Martin John 
Published: September 2018

An intellectual, the current joke has it, is anyone who can listen to the William Tell Overture without thinking of the Lone Ranger—which should be a snap, after all, for a creature who somehow manages to live life with both a high brow and a pointy head. Yet whatever his dexterity, the intellectual is probably harder to define, gravely or lightly, than any other human variety on earth.Most dictionaries provide three standard, and inordinately unstimulating definitions: (1) a person with intellectual interests (2) a person who does intellectual work (3) a member of the intelligentsia (which, incidentally, defines nothing, since "intelligentsia," despite its overtones of coffeehouse dialectics, simply means intellectuals considered collectively).
Why America Has Not Taken to Radicalisms
Authors: O'Neil Daniel J. 
Published: September 2018

Why has the American polity been largely unreceptive to the radical ideologies of both left and right that have aroused such enthusiasm elsewhere? Why, for example, have Communists and fascists not been able to attract a significant following or secure electoral support in the United States? There are, I believe, seven factors that together have formed a mosaic of resistance to sundry radicalisms. These factors might now be in a state of decline.First and obviously, the British legacy has had considerable influence on the American approach to radicalism. Like Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, the United States inherited much of its culture from Britain. The language, political system, legal network, religious life, and literature built on the British experience. A high percentage of the populace traced its origin to the British Isles, while later immigrants ordinarily assimilated to the Anglo-Saxon value system. The members of the ruling elites have almost without exception been anglophiles.
The Bill of Rights and the Foreign Born
Authors: Gollobin Ira 
Published: September 2018

The United States, as Walt Whitman said, is a “nation of nations,” a nation essentially of immigrants. Their sacrifices, courage, and imagination created factories, farms, mines, and a rich intermingling of cultures.Our country has two traditions: one that welcomes the stranger who, as Benjamin Franklin noted, is in the forefront of defending democracy; and another that in times of crisis uses the foreign bom as a scapegoat for unsolved social problems. In Jefferson's words, “the friendless alien is the safest subject for a first experiment, but the citizen will soon follow.”
Ethics After Auschwitz
Authors: Littell Franklin H. 
Published: September 2018

Ten years ago, in an address to an audience of German students, Peter Lotar, author of Das Bild des Menschen, raised the question of how the years of the Third Reich's power and crimes shall be dealt with.How can we build the future when we are not finished with the past? How can we avoid the old mistakes when we don't even recognize them yet? We have a choice: do we intend to freeze fast in self-deception? or do we intend to carry through the cleaning up of ourselves and thereby grant ourselves and our children a full, new life?