bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Six1 regulates leukemia stem cell maintenance in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chu Yajing , Chen Yangpeng , Li Mengke , Shi Deyang , Wang Bichen , Lian Yu , Cheng Xuelian , Wang Xiaomin , Xu Mingjiang , Cheng Tao , Shi Jun , Yuan Weiping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMolecular genetic changes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) play crucial roles in leukemogenesis, including recurrent chromosome translocations, epigenetic/spliceosome mutations and transcription factor aberrations. Six1, a transcription factor of the Sine oculis homeobox (Six) family, has been shown to transform normal hematopoietic progenitors into leukemia in cooperation with Eya. However, the specific role and the underlying mechanism of Six1 in leukemia maintenance remain unexplored. Here, we showed increased expression of SIX1 in AML patients and murine leukemia stem cells (c‐Kit+ cells, LSCs). Importantly, we also observed that a higher level of Six1 in human patients predicts a worse prognosis. Notably, knockdown of Six1 significantly prolonged the survival of MLL‐AF9‐induced AML mice with reduced peripheral infiltration and tumor burden. AML cells from Six1‐knockdown (KD) mice displayed a significantly decreased number and function of LSC, as assessed by the immunophenotype, colony‐forming ability and limiting dilution assay. Further analysis revealed the augmented apoptosis of LSC and decreased expression of glycolytic genes in Six1 KD mice. Overall, our data showed that Six1 is essential for the progression of MLL‐AF9‐induced AML via maintaining the pool of LSC.
Recipient Design in Communicative Pointing
Authors: Winner Tobias , Selen Luc , Murillo Oosterwijk Anke , Verhagen Lennart , Medendorp W. Pieter , van Rooij Iris , Toni Ivan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA long‐standing debate in the study of human communication centers on the degree to which communicators tune their communicative signals (e.g., speech, gestures) for specific addressees, as opposed to taking a neutral or egocentric perspective. This tuning, called recipient design, is known to occur under special conditions (e.g., when errors in communication need to be corrected), but several researchers have argued that it is not an intrinsic feature of human communication, because that would be computationally too demanding. In this study, we contribute to this debate by studying a simple communicative behavior, communicative pointing, under conditions of successful (error‐free) communication. Using an information‐theoretic measure, called legibility, we present evidence of recipient design in communicative pointing. The legibility effect is present early in the movement, suggesting that it is an intrinsic part of the communicative plan. Moreover, it is reliable only from the viewpoint of the addressee, suggesting that the motor plan is tuned to the addressee. These findings suggest that recipient design is an intrinsic feature of human communication.
An assessment of ecological values and conservation gaps in protection beyond the corridor of the Appalachian Trail
Authors: McKinley Peter S. , Belote R. Travis , Aplet Gregory H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Appalachian Trail (AT) traverses the Appalachian Mountains across 11 degrees of latitude from Springer Mountain in Georgia to Maine's Mt. Katahdin. The 3,524 km (2,190‐mile) long trail is buffered within a conserved corridor that is at least ~ 305 m wide and covers approximately 101,000 hectacres (250,000 acres) overseen by the National Park Service (NPS), making it one of the largest NPS units in the East. Although a continuous marked trail has been established since 1937, protection of the corridor was not complete until the last couple of decades. Additional conservation designations exist adjacent to much of the trail corridor, but significant gaps in protection remain. A variety of land trusts and other nonprofit conservation organizations, federal and state land management agencies, and regional trail clubs overseen by the Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC) actively seek to add to the local, regional, and national conservation significance of this landscape or to improve the management of lands already protected. Here, we assess biodiversity and ecological integrity along the entire AT among 2,123 trail sampling segments and four planning regions. We evaluated gradients of biodiversity and ecological integrity in relation to the existing management status of trail sampling segments to identify gaps in protection of high value areas. The AT possesses high species diversity at the southern end, where much of it exists in federal multiple‐use management, and high ecological integrity in the north on private timberlands. Inadequately protected areas of such high biological diversity and ecological integrity occur throughout the trail. Our data are analyzed at the scale of the entire AT with summaries and comparisons among broad sections, regions, states, and some specific locations. We include our spatial data so that it may be used for analyses and prioritization at multiple scales from the local maintenance club to the ATC.
Interventions to improve insulin prescribing practice for people with diabetes in hospital: a systematic review
Authors: Bain A. , Hasan S. S. , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo conduct a systematic review of literature to identify interventions that are effective in improving insulin prescribing for people with diabetes in the hospital setting.MethodsComputerized bibliographic databases were searched for studies published in English that described the effectiveness of interventions to improve insulin prescribing within the hospital setting. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported data that compared insulin prescribing practice after an intervention or compared with a control group. Studies were not excluded on the basis of publication date, geographical location or risk of bias assessment.ResultsWe identified 35 studies for inclusion in the review, including two cluster randomized controlled trials, two cohort studies, and 31 uncontrolled before–after studies. Studies reported a variety of interventions that aimed to increase insulin prescribing accuracy or completeness or decrease the use of discouraged subcutaneous sliding scale insulin regimens. Differences in definition of insulin prescribing error, terminology and common practice based on geographical location was evident, and quality issues with respect to study design and reporting somewhat limited the interpretation of conclusions.ConclusionsImplementing strategies that are sensitive to local context and designed to increase adherence to insulin prescribing guidelines are associated with a reduction in prescribing errors. Future implementation should build on effective approaches including multifaceted interventions involving multiple stakeholders at various institutional levels. Future studies in insulin prescribing errors would benefit from the use of standardized approaches, terminology and outcome measures to enable greater comparison.
Effect of liraglutide on estimates of lipolysis and lipid oxidation in obese patients with stable coronary artery disease and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial
Authors: Anholm Christian , Kumarathurai Preman , Samkani Amirsalar , Pedersen Lene R. , Boston Raymond C. , Nielsen Olav W. , Kristiansen Ole P. , Fenger Mogens , Madsbad Sten , Sajadieh Ahmad , Haugaard Steen B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElevated levels of non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) play a role in insulin resistance, impaired beta‐cell function and they are a denominator of the abnormal atherogenic lipid profile that characterizes obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We hypothesized that the GLP‐1 receptor agonist liraglutide, in combination with metformin, would reduce lipolysis. In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial, 41 T2DM patients with coronary artery disease were randomized and treated with liraglutide‐metformin vs placebo‐metformin during 12‐ + 12‐week periods with a wash‐out period of at least 2 weeks before and between the intervention periods. NEFA kinetics were estimated using the Boston Minimal Model of NEFA metabolism, with plasma NEFA and glucose levels measured during a standard 180‐minute frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Liraglutide‐metformin reduced estimates of lipolysis. Furthermore, placebo‐metformin increased estimates of lipid oxidation, while treatment with liraglutide eliminated this effect. We conclude that liraglutide exerts a clinically relevant reduction in estimates of lipolysis and lipid oxidation which is explained, in part, by improved insulin secretion, as revealed by an intravenous glucose tolerance test.
The effects of high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on resting‐state functional connectivity in obese adults
Authors: Kim Se‐Hong , Park Bo‐Yong , Byeon Kyoungseob , Park Hyunjin , Kim Youngkook , Eun Young‐Mi , Chung Ju‐Hye 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsWe conducted a 4‐week randomized, sham‐controlled, single‐blind, parallel‐group trial to examine the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) delivered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on functional brain connectivity and body weight in adults with obesity.Materials and methodsOf the 45 volunteers with obesity, aged between 18 and 70 years (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2 according to the obesity criterion for an Asian population), 36 participants (54.1 ± 11.0 years, BMI 30.2 ± 3.5 kg/m2, 77.8% female) completed the 4 weeks of follow‐up, undergoing two resting state fMRI scans (20 in the real stimulation group and 16 in the sham stimulation group). A total of eight sessions of high‐frequency rTMS targeting the left DLPFC were provided over a period of 4 weeks (5‐second trains with 25‐second inter‐train intervals, 10 Hz, 110% motor threshold; 2000 pulses over 20 minutes).ResultsParticipants in the real stimulation group showed significantly greater weight loss from baseline following the eight session of rTMS (−2.53 ± 2.41 kg vs 0.38 ± 1.13 kg, P < 0.01). For intrinsic brain connectivity comparisons, the between‐ness centrality values within the right frontoparietal network tended to increase with rTMS, and a significant interaction effect was identified for time (pre vs post) × rTMS (real vs sham) in the right frontoparietal network (P = 0.031, FDR corrected).ConclusionsWe observed that rTMS selectively increased resting state functional connectivity within the right frontoparietal network. Our findings suggest that high‐frequency rTMS to the left DLPFC might strengthen the frontoparietal network that orchestrates top‐down inhibitory control to reduce food intake.
Use of 3D printed models in student education of craniofacial traumas
Authors: Nicot Romain , Druelle Charles , Schlund Matthias , Roland‐Billecart Thomas , Gwénaël Raoul , Ferri Joël , Gosset Didier 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA low‐cost 3D printed model has been introduced into the oral and maxillofacial surgery teaching program of undergraduate students to improve education and mechanical comprehension of craniofacial trauma. Steps of the 3D printed haptic model building process are listed. 3D printed models of facial fractures were obtained from Data Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data. Computed Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) freeware was used to create new fractures on the standard tessellation language (STL) file. 3D printed haptic model appears to be an efficient low‐cost support for craniofacial trauma education of undergraduate students.
Five rules for resistance management in the antibiotic apocalypse, a road map for integrated microbial management
Authors: Raymond Ben 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResistance to new antimicrobials can become widespread within 2–3 years. Resistance problems are particularly acute for bacteria that can experience selection as both harmless commensals and pathogenic hospital‐acquired infections. New drugs, although welcome, cannot tackle the antimicrobial resistance crisis alone: new drugs must be partnered with more sustainable patterns of use. However, the broader experience of resistance management in other disciplines, and the assumptions on which resistance rests, is not widely appreciated in clinical and microbiological disciplines. Improved awareness of the field of resistance management could improve clinical outcomes and help shape novel solutions. Here, the aim is to develop a pragmatic approach to developing a sustainable integrated means of using antimicrobials, based on an interdisciplinary synthesis of best practice, recent theory and recent clinical data. This synthesis emphasizes the importance of pre‐emptive action and the value of reducing the supply of genetic novelty to bacteria under selection. The weight of resistance management experience also cautions against strategies that over‐rely on the fitness costs of resistance or low doses. The potential (and pitfalls) of shorter courses, antibiotic combinations and antibiotic mixing or cycling are discussed in depth. Importantly, some of variability in the success of clinical trials of mixing approaches can be explained by the number and diversity of drugs in a trial, as well as whether trials encompass single wards or the wider transmission network that is a hospital. Consideration of the importance of data, and of the initially low frequency of resistance, leads to a number of additional recommendations. Overall, reduction in selection pressure, interference with the transmission of problematic genotypes and multidrug approaches (combinations, mixing or cycling) are all likely to be required for sustainability and the protection of forthcoming drugs.
Quantum‐inspired genetic programming model with application to predict toxicity degree for chemical compounds
Authors: Darwish Saad M. , Shendi Tamer A. , Younes Ahmed 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCheminformatics plays a vital role in maintaining large amounts of chemical data. The reliable prediction of toxic effects of chemicals in living systems is highly desirable in domains such as cosmetics, drug design, food safety, and the manufacturing of chemical compounds. Toxicity prediction requires several new approaches for knowledge discovery from data to paradigm composite associations between the modules of the chemical compound; the computational demands of such techniques increase greatly with the number of chemical compounds involved. State‐of‐the‐art prediction methods such as neural networks and multilayer regression require either tuning parameters or complex transformations of predictor or outcome variables and do not achieve highly accurate results. This paper proposes a quantum‐inspired genetic programming model to improve prediction accuracy. Genetic programming is utilized to give a linear equation for calculating the degree of toxicity more accurately. Quantum computing is employed to improve the selection of the best‐of‐run individuals and handles parsimony pressure to reduce the complexity of solutions. The results of the internal validation analysis indicated that the quantum‐inspired genetic programming model has better goodness‐of‐fit statistics then and significantly outperforms the neural network model.
Not taking debt at face value, or market value or amortized cost: Policy value as a measure of the burden of public debt
Authors: Irwin Timothy C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPublic debt is sometimes measured at its market value or amortized cost, the measurement bases prescribed by international accounting standards and statistical guidelines. But an overview of 191 countries and a closer investigation of 19 shows that public debt is most often measured at face value. An analysis of the three measurement bases and the discount rates on which they explicitly or implicitly depend shows that all are unsatisfactory as indicators of the burden that the debt imposes on the government. On the one hand, face value is manipulable: governments can borrow as much as they wish while reporting virtually no debt at all at face value. Though no government has done this, there is some, inconclusive evidence that a few may have exploited the manipulability of face value to slow the growth of reported debt. On the other hand, market value and amortized cost are unsatisfactory because they vary with the government's creditworthiness. Thus, for example, the market value of a government's debt declines as the government becomes financially distressed. An alternative measurement basis is proposed here that does not suffer from these problems, namelypolicy value, which is the value of the debt conditional on the government's carrying out its policy toward the debt, or the present value of planned debt payments at the debt's market interest rate less any credit‐risk premium in that rate.
Evaluation of temperature‐sensitive fatigue crack propagation of a high‐speed railway wheel rim material
Authors: Fang Xiu‐Yang , Cai Zhen‐Bing , Wang Jun‐Guo , Yang Xu‐Feng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) of ER8C high‐speed railway wheel rim material was tested at various service temperatures. The temperature sensitivity of fatigue crack propagation was evaluated, and the effect of temperature on the crack propagation mechanism was analyzed. The obtained results indicate a fatigue ductile‐to‐brittle transition (FDBT) point at −20°C for the ER8C wheel rim materials. A reverse relationship was found between FCGR and temperature for the near threshold and Paris regimes when the temperature was below the FDBT point. However, no evident changing rule was found when the temperature was above this transition point. An evident fatigue crack propagation mode transition was found from lamellar tearing to intergranular cracks, which was related to the FDBT for the near‐threshold regime.
The hidden value of artisanal fisheries in Honduras
Authors: Canty Steven , Funes Manuela , Box Stephen , Zylich Kyrstn , Derrick Brittany , Divovich Esther , Lindop Alasdair , Pauly Daniel , Zeller Dirk 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDeclining fisheries catches are a global trend, with management failing to keep pace with growth in fishing effort and technological advances. The economic value of Honduras’ catches was estimated within the industrial and artisanal sectors. Catches were found to be 2.9 times greater than the official statistics between 1950 and 2015. The merging of industrial and artisanal catch data masked the decline in industrial catches and hid the strong growth of artisanal fisheries. In 1996, annual artisanal fisheries landed catches surpassed the industrial fishery sector, and in 2000, the annual net value of artisanal fisheries eclipsed the value of the industrial fisheries. These data highlight the importance of artisanal fisheries in Honduras and challenge the long‐held belief that the industrial sector contributes more to the national economy. The global paucity of fisheries data highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to collect more detailed and accurate fisheries data.
Oxidative and non‐oxidative degradation pathways of L‐ascorbic acid
Authors: Ebrahimi Saeid , Dabbagh Hossein A. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryL‐Ascorbic acid (AA) is an essential component for organisms and is responsible for various functions in the human body. Its structure is in a way that suffering significant structural changes during storage. Herein, the stability of L‐ascorbic acid aqueous solution at various thermal (25 and 90 °C ± 2) and atmospheric oxygen or argon was monitored by optical rotation changes as a function of time intervals. Under oxygen, specific optical rotation [α] of the solution was decreased from + 22.0 to + 2.0 after 32 days and under argon + 11.5 after 9 months at 25 °C. The loss of [α] increased at 90 °C under both oxygen and argon atmospheres. Subsequently, the obtained reaction mixtures were evaporated to dryness and analysed by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR and GC‐MS techniques. Results of these analyses indicate that AA was decomposed to a complex mixture of reaction products.
Could coastal plants in western Amazonia be relicts of past marine incursions?
Authors: Bernal Rodrigo , Bacon Christine D. , Balslev Henrik , Hoorn Carina , Bourlat Sarah J. , Tuomisto Hanna , Salamanca Sonia , van Manen Milan Teunissen , Romero Ingrid , Sepulchre Pierre , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe rainforests of Amazonia comprise some of the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth. Despite this high biodiversity, little is known about how landscape changes that took place in deep history have affected the assembly of its species, and whether the impact of such changes on biodiversity can still be observed. Here, we present a hypothesis to explain our observation that plants typical of Neotropical coastal habitats also occur in western Amazonia, in some cases thousands of kilometres away from the coast. Evidence on their current distribution, dispersal biology and divergence times estimated from molecular phylogenies suggest that these plants may be the legacy of the large marine‐influenced embayment that dominated the area for millions of years in the Neogene. We hypothesize that coastal plants dispersed along the shores of this embayment and persisted as inland relicts after the marine incursion(s) retreated, probably with the aid of changes in soil conditions caused by the deposition of marine sediments. This dispersal corridor may also have facilitated the colonization of coastal environments by Amazonian lineages. These scenarios could imply an unexpected coastal source that has contributed to Amazonia's high floristic diversity and led to disjunct distributions across the Neotropics. We highlight the need for future studies and additional evidence to validate and shed further light on this potentially important pattern.
Long‐term survival of structurally compromised tooth preserved with crown lengthening procedure and restorative treatment: A pilot retrospective analysis
Authors: Ashnagar Sajjad , Barootchi Shayan , Ravidá Andrea , Tattan Mustafa , Wang Hom‐Lay , Wang Chin‐Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimSince there is limited study to assist in an evidenced‐based decision whether to extract or preserve a structurally compromised tooth, the aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the long‐term survival rate of tooth preservation after crown lengthening procedure (CLP) and restorative treatments.MethodsElectronic and paper chart of patients received CLP in our graduate clinic from 1990 to 2015 were reviewed. Statistical analysis was done using Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier estimator.ResultsA total of 766 coded charts were initially collected. Four hundred and fourteen cases were included in the final analysis. The Kaplan–Meier estimate shows a cumulative survival rate of 88.3% in 5 years, 78.4% in 10 years and 68.1% in 15 years. In terms of reasons for failure, restorative problem such as recurrent decays was the main issue (35.2%), followed by fracture (29.6%), endodontic complications (23.9%) and periodontal breakdown (11.3%).ConclusionsWithin the limitation of this study, structurally compromised teeth have a reasonable long‐term survival rate close to 80% after 10 years in a teaching institute. Patients with high fracture or caries risk may pose a higher chance of failure. Objective information should be presented to the patient to arrive at an evidence‐based decision.