bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The
Bordetella
effector protein BteA induces host cell death by disruption of calcium homeostasis
Authors: Zmuda Martin , Sedlackova Eliska , Pravdova Barbora , Cizkova Monika , Dalecka Marketa , Cerny Ondrej , Allsop Tania Romero , Grousl Tomas , Malcova Ivana , Kamanova Jana 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Bordetella pertussis
is the causative agent of whooping cough in humans, a disease that has recently experienced a resurgence. In contrast,
Bordetella bronchiseptica
infects the respiratory tract of various mammalian species, causing a range of symptoms from asymptomatic chronic carriage to acute illness. Both pathogens utilize type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver the effector protein BteA into host cells. Once injected, BteA triggers a cascade of events leading to caspase 1-independent necrosis through a mechanism that remains incompletely understood. We demonstrate that BteA-induced cell death is characterized by the fragmentation of the cellular endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, the formation of necrotic balloon-like protrusions, and plasma membrane permeabilization. Importantly, genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen targeting 19,050 genes failed to identify any host factors required for BteA cytotoxicity, suggesting that BteA does not require a single nonessential host factor for its cytotoxicity. We further reveal that BteA triggers a rapid and sustained influx of calcium ions, which is associated with organelle fragmentation and plasma membrane permeabilization. The sustained elevation of cytosolic Ca
2+
levels results in mitochondrial calcium overload, mitochondrial swelling, cristolysis, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Inhibition of calcium channels with 2-APB delays both the Ca
2+
influx and BteA-induced cell death. Our findings indicate that BteA exploits essential host processes and/or redundant pathways to disrupt calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function, ultimately leading to host cell death.

IMPORTANCE

The respiratory pathogens
Bordetella pertussis
and
Bordetella bronchiseptica
exhibit cytotoxicity toward a variety of mammalian cells, which depends on the type III secretion effector BteA. Moreover, the increased virulence of
B. bronchiseptica
is associated with enhanced expression of T3SS and BteA. However, the molecular mechanism underlying BteA cytotoxicity is elusive. In this study, we performed a CRISPR-Cas9 screen, revealing that BteA-induced cell death depends on essential or redundant host processes. Additionally, we demonstrate that BteA disrupts calcium homeostasis, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. These findings contribute to closing the gap in our understanding of the signaling cascades targeted by BteA.
Effect of rol Genes of the A4, 15834, and K599 Strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes on Root Growth and States of the Antioxidant Systems of Transgenic Tobacco Plants Subjected to Abiotic Stress
Authors: Shvets D. Yu. , Berezhneva Z. A. , Musin Kh. G. , Kuluev B. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An attempt is made to create transgenic plants using rol genes from A4, 15834, and K599 strains of A. rhizogenes. Strains A4 and 15834 transformed tobacco plants are found to display better root growth than their wild types under normal conditions and at elevated concentrations of sodium chloride or cadmium acetate. At the same time, the rol genes acquired from the K599 strain negatively affect root growth under both normal and stressful conditions (e.g., salinization, hypothermia, or excess cadmium acetate). The levels of total protein, proline, total glutathione, and superoxide dismutase activity are higher in the roots of the transgenic plants with rol genes from the A4 and 15834 strains than in nontransgenic control plants under both optimum conditions and salinization. When using rol transgenes from the K599 strain, the activities of superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase are enhanced in the roots subjected to salinization. The positive effect rol genes have on the root growth of transgenic plants could therefore be explained by their influence on components of the antioxidant system. Results suggest that using rol genes from the A4 and 15834 strains of A. rhizogenes are promising for breeding plant cultivars and liness with improved parameters of root growth and stress tolerance. At the same time, rol genes from the K599 strain appear to be inadequate for this task.
Hysterotomy for retained placenta in suspected angular pregnancy
Authors: Newman Rachel , Nazir Alia , Leung Michael , Patni Deepali 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundAngular pregnancy is a rare event and is a commonly missed diagnosis in the antepartum period. Data regarding the optimal mode of delivery and management of the placenta are limited.Case descriptionA patient in her 30s, gravida 3, para 1 presented at 37 weeks with severe range blood pressure and was admitted for induction of labour due to preeclampsia. Her labour course and delivery of the neonate were uncomplicated. Despite attempts at manual extraction and suction dilation and curettage, the placenta was unable to be removed. Ultrasound revealed the placenta in the right cornua, suspicious for angular pregnancy. She was taken to the operating room for exploratory laparotomy and hysterotomy for extraction of the placenta. She had an uncomplicated postpartum course and was discharged home on postpartum day 4.ConclusionIn patients with suspected angular pregnancy, exploratory laparotomy and hysterotomy may be required for placental removal.
Advances in the management of psoriatic arthritis in adults
Authors: Kharouf Fadi , Gladman Dafna D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis that affects around 30% of patients with psoriasis. The disease spectrum includes peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, tenosynovitis, dactylitis, axial involvement, and skin and nail psoriasis in most patients. In addition to the cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations, several comorbidities can complicate the disease course, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, gout, anxiety, and depression. The management of patients with psoriatic arthritis begins with a careful assessment of the skin and joints and screening for comorbidities. This review describes the assessment tools and outcome measures used in the evaluation of patients with psoriatic arthritis. It summarizes the approach to therapy, including non-medicinal interventions such as education, lifestyle changes, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy. It discusses the evidence on pharmacologic treatments, including drugs used for symptomatic relief such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and those used to control the disease process; this last group comprises conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including methotrexate, leflunomide, and sulfasalazine, and biologic and targeted DMARDs, including anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), anti-interleukin-17 (IL-17), anti-IL-12/23, and anti-IL-23 agents, as well as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) antagonists. Although these drugs are usually tailored to the clinical profile of the patient, biomarkers predictive of response to therapy are needed so that a more personalized approach can be followed.
Becoming Active in Beating osteoarthritiS: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial on the effectiveness of an information campaign in improving the management of osteoarthritis and quality of care in general practices in the Netherlands
Authors: Oomen Jeanne , Schers Henk , Das Enny , Koeter Sander , van den Ende Cornelia HM , Assendelft Willem JJ 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionDespite recommendations, non-surgical treatment modalities in knee and/or hip osteoarthritis (KHOA) are underused. An information campaign was developed targeting patients with early stage KHOA and healthcare professionals (HCPs) to optimise timing of referral to secondary care. This protocol describes the development and design of this information campaign and a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on its effectiveness in impacting healthcare utilisation.Methods and analysisThe behaviour change wheel was used as a theoretical framework for the campaign design. After an inventory of the literature, a selection was made of factors influencing healthcare use. Effectiveness will be evaluated with a cluster RCT. The study aims to recruit 300 patients in 24 general practices, randomly allocated to intervention or usual care (ratio 1:1). General practitioners and affiliated HCPs are invited to participate in the trial and recruit patients. Patients are eligible to participate if they are Dutch speaking, aged 50–75 years, registered with KHOA at the general practice, without joint replacement nor having considerable walking impairment. The main end point is the difference in rate of referral to hospital care as reported by patients over a period of 18 months. Secondary parameters include quality of care, beliefs about KHOA treatment modalities, physical activity, self-management behaviour and referral rates to secondary care. Patients receive online questionnaires at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months. Online questionnaires are sent to HCPs at baseline and after 12 months to assess (changes in) beliefs about KHOA treatment modalities.Ethics and disseminationAll methods are carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations and ethical approval was waived by the Dutch medical research ethical committee of Arnhem-Nijmegen (file number 2020-7246). Trial results will be communicated to participants and patient representatives via news letters, the public via the Sint Maartenskliniek website and journals of patient organisations and HCPs via congresses and international scientific journals.Trial registration numberNL9140.
Outcomes and costs of home hospitalisation compared to traditional hospitalisation for infectious diseases in Israel: a cohort study
Authors: Yehoshua Ilan , Baruch Gez Sharon , Cohen Bar , Hemo Beatriz , Irony Angela , Abou Houssien Khaled , Shental Omri , Shapiro Ben David Shirley , Adler Limor 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate and compare health outcomes and costs between home hospitalisation and traditional hospitalisation for three common diagnoses—cellulitis, urinary tract infection (UTI) and pneumonia.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingPrimary care, nationwide.Participants1311 patients in home hospitalisation and 992 in traditional hospitalisation.InterventionsThe primary intervention is home hospitalisation, compared with traditional hospitalisation. The intervention was performed according to medical considerations by a specialised team, and this study was done retrospectively to evaluate it.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary measures included healthcare costs, length of hospitalisation, referrals for further medical services and mortality.ResultsCosts of home hospitalisation were lower compared with traditional hospitalisation (6056 vs 9619 NIS for pneumonia, 6011 vs 9767 NIS for cellulitis, 6466 vs 8552 NIS for UTI and p value<0.05). The length of home hospitalisations was shorter for pneumonia and cellulitis (5.01 vs 6.05 days, p value 0.001 and 5.3 vs 6.1 days, p value<0.001, respectively). Likewise, for pneumonia and cellulitis, home-hospitalised patients had fewer ED referrals 30 days after discharge (13.7% vs 24%, p value<0.001 and 13.5% vs 19.8%, p value 0.002, respectively). No differences were found in recurrent hospitalisation and mortality 7 and 30 days after discharge.ConclusionsPrimary care physicians should consider home hospitalisation for these diagnoses as an alternative to traditional hospitalisation. Policymakers should encourage Primary care physicians to use home hospitalisation, as it has financial advantages and better health outcomes.
Association between sedentary time, physical activity, biochemical markers in the blood (heart and muscles) and heart failure in adults with congenital heart disease: a study protocol of a cross-sectional cohort study in Sweden (the ACHD trial protocol)
Authors: Vahlberg Birgit Maria , Jansson Christer , Åkerfeldt Torbjörn , Christersson Christina 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAdults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are a heterogeneous group with a large variation in the severity of lesions and symptoms. This population has rapidly grown in recent years due to improved surgical and medical treatments. Sedentary time and physical activity (PA) and health among individuals classified with single lesions, for example, shunt defects such as atrial and ventricular septal defects, and patent foramen ovale (PFO) with stroke are less studied. The present study describes the study protocol and examines associations between sedentary time, PA, circulating biomarkers in the blood (heart and muscles) and heart failure. Results have the potential to supply the healthcare system with information if further action to promote cardiovascular health in ACHD is needed.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional design will be used with data from the local heart register, Swedish Registry for Congenital Heart Disease in Uppsala, Sweden. Individuals ≥18 years of age with simple congenital heart disease, according to the definition atrial septal defect, ventricle septal defect or PFO as the cause of stroke, will be included.Outcome measures: Self-reported questionnaire: demographic characteristics, education, the prevalence of diabetes, smoking, ethnicity, self-reported level of sitting time and leisure-time PA/exercise, everyday activities, commuting and degree of symptoms associated with exertion. Blood analyses: blood lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 and B), creatinine, cystatin-C (eGFR), creatine kinase, myoglobin, high-sensitivity troponin, brain natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein and glycated haemoglobin. Quantitative methods will be used for statistical analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe Swedish Ethical Review Authority has approved the study (registration numbers 2022-06525-01 and 2023-02082-02). Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, research meetings, conferences and possibly patient organisations.
Estimating the herd effects of anti-microbial-based decontamination (ABD) interventions on intensive care unit (ICU) acquired bloodstream infections: a deductive meta-analysis
Authors: Hurley James 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo estimate the herd effects of anti-microbial-based decontamination (ABD) interventions on bloodstream infections (BSIs) among groups of intensive care unit (ICU) patients in relation to group mean length of stay (LOS). To deduce which of three competing hypotheses of ABD effect mediation best accounts for the observed effects.DesignArms-based meta-regression of ICU-acquired BSI incidence against group mean LOS for control and interventions arms of ABD and non-ABD controlled trials each versus that in arms of observational studies.ExposuresWithin controlled trials of ABD, intervention, concurrent control (CC) and non-concurrent (NCC) groups are directly, indirectly and non-exposed, respectively.Main outcomes and measuresBSI incidence, both overall and for BSI subtypes.ResultsIn the arms-based meta-regression, the predicted BSI incidence per 100 patients in the ABD intervention arms increased from 4.6 (95% CI 3.8 to 5.5) at mean LOS 7 days to 13.0 (10.4–16.0) at mean LOS 20 days (n=60 arms) and CC arms 8.5 (6.7–11.0) increasing to 19.3 (14.8–24.8; n=52). These increases were double those in the observational (7.2; 6.1–8.5 increasing to 12.9; 10.4–16.7; n=99) and NCC arms and non-ABD arms. These results triangulate with the notional effect size observed in contrast-based meta-analyses.ConclusionsThe increased tempo of BSI acquisition, both overall and for various BSI subtypes, within intervention and CC groups of ABD randomised concurrent controlled trials versus other groups implicate rebound and spillover, respectively. Mechanisms other than colonisation resistance mediate ABD effects.
Protocol of a cluster-randomised trial to improve adolescent bicycling safety education programme efficacy
Authors: Hamann Cara J , Dusil Ryan , Rockwell Laura C , Spears Steven , Pae Gilsu , Ghanbari Amir , Peek-Asa Corinne , Plumert Jodie M , Cavanaugh Joseph E 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionSecond to motor vehicles, bicycles contribute to more childhood injuries than any other consumer product. Youth bicycling safety education programmes are one avenue of prevention, but despite a plethora of programmes, little is known about their impact on bicycling safety behaviour. This paper summarises a cluster-randomised trial to evaluate the impact of a bicycle safety education programme for young adolescents.Methods and analysisAdolescents aged 9–12 years old who bike at least two times per week and a parent/guardian are recruited via email listservs, flyers and word of mouth. Participants are screened for eligibility before they are consented/assented into the study. Adolescent-parent dyads are randomised to one of the three study arms (Control, Bike Club, Bike Club Plus) based on the school they attend. The Bike Club intervention arm evaluates the bicycle safety club programme and the Bike Club Plus intervention arm evaluates the addition of an active parent engagement component. Control group participants receive no intervention, but they are told that other participants in the study will receive the education intervention so that they understand why they are asked to record their bicycling trips for two separate weeks. The intervention involves 12 hours of classroom and on-bike lessons covering a variety of bike safety skills for independent riding in mixed traffic. Adolescents record their bike rides using a Global Positioning System (GPS)/video camera system for 2 weeks, 1 week before and 1 week after the education programme for participants in the intervention arms and approximately 1 month between data collection weeks for participants in the control group. All participants complete baseline and follow-up surveys. Primary outcomes include rates safety-relevant events (eg, crashes, near crashes) and safety behaviours (eg, helmet use, traffic law violations, hazard avoidance) per 100 miles/min ridden, and the proportion of positive and negative behaviours relative to the overall number of instances of a given event behaviour. Secondary outcomes include differences in knowledge test scores, mean ratings of perceptions, mean ratings of self-efficacy, and identification and recall of cues to action related to bicycling safety.Ethics and disseminationThis study has ethical approval from the University of Iowa Institutional Review Board (IRB# 202105148). Study results will be disseminated through presentations at national and international scientific conferences, peer-reviewed manuscripts, outreach to stakeholders and digital media outlets.Trial registration numberNCT05265689.
Development of a deep learning method to identify acute ischaemic stroke lesions on brain CT
Authors: Fontanella Alessandro , Li Wenwen , Mair Grant , Antoniou Antreas , Platt Eleanor , Armitage Paul , Trucco Emanuele , Wardlaw Joanna M , Storkey Amos 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundCT is commonly used to image patients with ischaemic stroke but radiologist interpretation may be delayed. Machine learning techniques can provide rapid automated CT assessment but are usually developed from annotated images which necessarily limits the size and representation of development data sets. We aimed to develop a deep learning (DL) method using CT brain scans that were labelled but not annotated for the presence of ischaemic lesions.MethodsWe designed a convolutional neural network-based DL algorithm to detect ischaemic lesions on CT. Our algorithm was trained using routinely acquired CT brain scans collected for a large multicentre international trial. These scans had previously been labelled by experts for acute and chronic appearances. We explored the impact of ischaemic lesion features, background brain appearances and timing of CT (baseline or 24–48 hour follow-up) on DL performance.ResultsFrom 5772 CT scans of 2347 patients (median age 82), 54% had visible ischaemic lesions according to experts. Our DL method achieved 72% accuracy in detecting ischaemic lesions. Detection was better for larger (80% accuracy) or multiple (87% accuracy for two, 100% for three or more) lesions and with follow-up scans (76% accuracy vs 67% at baseline). Chronic brain conditions reduced accuracy, particularly non-stroke lesions and old stroke lesions (32% and 31% error rates, respectively).ConclusionDL methods can be designed for ischaemic lesion detection on CT using the vast quantities of routinely collected brain scans without the need for lesion annotation. Ultimately, this should lead to more robust and widely applicable methods.
Notes on solution phase space and BTZ black hole
Authors: Guo Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we use the solution phase space approach based on the covariant phase space formalism to compute the conserved charges of the BTZ black hole, namely mass, angular momentum, and entropy. Furthermore, we discuss the first law of the BTZ black hole and the Smarr relation. For completeness, outer horizon and inner horizon cases have been all included. Additionally, the results of the three-dimensional Kerr-dS spacetime have also been obtained. Our results are consistent with previous investigations. Considering the simplicity of the circumstances, we have presented the most detailed possible information, with the aim of facilitating rsearch in related fields.
On momentum map for the Maxwell–Lorentz equations with spinning particle
Authors: Komech A. I. , Kopylova E. A. 
Published: November 2024

We develop the theory of the momentum map for the Maxwell–Lorentz equations for a spinning extended charged particle. The development relies on the Hamilton–Poisson structure of the system. This theory is indispensable for the study of long-time behavior and radiation of the solitons of this system, in particular for the proof of orbital stability of the corresponding solitons moving with constant speed and rotating with constant angular velocity. We apply the theory to the translation and rotation symmetry groups of the system. The general theory of the momentum map results in formal equations for the corresponding invariants. We solve these equations obtaining expressions for the momentum and the angular momentum. We check the conservation of these expressions and their coincidence with known classical invariants. For the first time, we specify a general class of finite energy initial states which provide the conservation of angular momentum.