bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Hoechst Staining To Identify Hematopoietic and Other Adult Stem Cells.
Authors: Ogawa Rei , Fujimura Juri , Sugihara Hidemitsu , Suzuki Hidenori , Hyakusoku Hiko , Shimada Takashi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hoechst staining has been used to identify hematopoietic stem cells, but it may also be useful in identifying other adult stem cells. Here we report our efforts to purify and characterize stem cells in the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue with Hoechst staining, also comparing our results with those of our studies using bone marrow.
METHODS: Stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) of adipose tissue and whole bone marrow (BM) were harvested from C57BL/6N mice, as were stem cells. Then the cells were stained with Hoechst 33342 and analyzed by flow cytometry and the number of cells in the side population (SP) counted. Moreover, surface antigens of SP cells were analyzed by flow cytometry using antibodies against CD44, 45, 45R, Sca-1, and c-kit, respectively, for 30 min on ice. Finally, the morphologic characteristics of cells in the SP of both BM and SVF were observed using electron microscopy.
RESULTS: The percentage of SP cells in BM was about 0.05 to 0.1% and that in the SVF was about 1.0 to 3.0%. The cell-surface antigens of BM expressed were CD44 (−), CD 45 (+), CD 45R (−), Sca-1 (+) and c-kit (+), while those of SVF were CD44 (−), CD 45 (−), CD 45R (+/−), Sca-1 (+/−) and c-kit (−). Upon electron microscopic observation, both BM and SVF cells in the SP were considered to be remarkably immature (immature cell organelles and a high N/C ratio).
CONCLUSION: The rate and expression patterns of cell-surface antigens in SP cells derived from BM were consistent with the results of previous reports. However, the same characteristics in SP cells derived from SVFs were clearly different. At present it is not clear whether cells in the SP of SVFs are adipose-derived stem cells. Indications were that there are 10 to 60 times as many immature cells in adipose tissue as in bone marrow. Moreover, it is possible that the great majority of cells in the SP of SVFs are not hematopoietic stem cells but unique adipose-derived stem cells. Finally, our studies suggest that Hoechst staining may be useful for identifying not only hematopoietic stem cells but also other adult stem cells.
Studies on Analogues of L-Cysteine and L-Cystine
Authors: WEISBERGER AUSTIN S. , SUHRLAND LEIF G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Selenium cystine decreases the incorporation of S35 L-cystine by rat Murphy lymphosarcoma tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Selenium cystine also decreases the growth of the tumor in the intact animal.
Benzyl selenium cysteine does not inhibit the incorporation of S35 L-cystine by Murphy lymphosarcoma tumor cells in vitro nor does it affect tumor growth in the intact animal.
Thus the ability of selenium cystine to decrease the influx of S35 L-cystine into tumor cells in vitro is associated with the ability of this compound to inhibit tumor growth in the intact animal. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of selenium cystine is not due solely to the presence of selenium within the molecule but is related to its structural identity with cystine.
The data are further suggestive of the importance of SH compounds in the growth of malignant cells.
Studies on Analogues of L-Cysteine and L-Cystine
Authors: WEISBERGER AUSTIN S. , SUHRLAND LEIF G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Selenium cystine was administered orally to 2 patients with acute leukemia and to 2 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. In all patients there was a rapid decrease in the total leukocyte count as well as a decrease in spleen size. This effect was observed in patients refractory to other chemotherapeutic agents as well as in the usually resistant types of leukemia. In patients with chronic myeloid leukemia the immature granulocytes disappeared much more rapidly than the mature granulocytes. The most striking and consistent effects were observed in acute leukemia. One patient who had become resistant to 6-mercaptopurine appeared to reacquire sensitivity to this compound after receiving selenium cystine.
These effects of selenium cystine on leukocytes correlate with the ability of selenium cystine to decrease the influx of S35 L-cystine by leukemic leukocytes in vitro. Other potentially effective analogues of cystine (or cysteine) may therefore be selected by this technic.
No changes were detected in any of the organs attributable to selenium cystine toxicity. The nausea and vomiting associated with the oral administration of selenium cystine was so severe that it was not possible to administer selenium cystine for a sufficient period of time to determine whether an appreciable remission can be obtained in leukemia. Further study is necessary to determine whether selenium cystine has any practical applicability in the chemotherapy of leukemia.
Although the mechanism of action of selenium cystine is not known, these striking effects of an analogue of cystine on leukemia are further suggestive of the importance of cystine (cysteine) in the metabolism of leukocytes.
Reticulocytopenia in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: CROSBY WILLIAM H. , RAPPAPORT HENRY 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. In a series of 57 cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia it was found that 25 or 44 per cent had a relative reticulocytopenia at times of hemolytic crisis. The mortality rate in this group was significantly higher than in those who showed a reticulocyte response consistent with the severity of anemia. Special significance is given to the high mortality rate among the patients with idiopathic AHA.
2. Four illustrative cases are presented.
3. There is a discussion of mechanisms that may be responsible for reticulocytopenia in the presence of severe anemia and erythroid hyperplasia of the marrow.
The Hemostatic Defect of Uremia
Authors: LARRAIN CAMILO , ADELSON EDWARD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The abnormalities of the hemostatic mechanism in three consecutive patients with acute renal insufficiency have been studied. In every case a prolonged clotting time in silicone and a prolonged bleeding time were found. In two cases defective prothrombin consumption was also present. Coagulation studies revealed no significant deficiency of plasma factors, no serious deficiency of platelet numbers or function and no well-defined anticoagulant effect to explain the changes. All three cases developed significant clinical bleeding at some time during the course of the renal insufficiency.
A Summary of Atypical Antibodies, Rare Genotypes, and ABO Hemolytic Disease Encountered in a One Year Survey
Authors: LEVINE PHILIP , ROBINSON ELIZABETH , STROUP MARJORY , MCGEE ROBERT , BUSHNELL LOUELLA N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Among 13,000 selected blood specimens studied in 1954, there were 1882 which contained atypical antibodies, mainly anti-D.
2. Of the 177 sera with atypical antibodies other than anti-D, 85 contained anti-c, anti-E or anti-K and 18 sera contained anti-Lea.
3. There were 52 cases of intragroup hemolytic disease, more than half of which were due to anti-c.
4. Intragroup isoimmunization with production of antibodies other than anti-D was detected in 47 cases as incompatibility in the crossmatching. In 31 additional cases failure to detect incompatibility resulted in transfusion reactions.
5. There were 30 examples of very rare Rh genotypes due to the presence of rare chromosomes dCe (r'), dcE (r''), DCE (Rz), and the rarest of all, dCE (Ry). All told, there were 7 bloods which contained chromosome dCE (ry) including one—the first of its kind—which was homozygous.
6. It is recommended that rare genotypes be registered on a world-wide basis under the auspices of a suitable agency and that these bloods be made available as test cells or as compatible donors.
7. Sixty-two cases of ABO hemolytic disease are reviewed briefly. In all but four the mothers were in group O. Of the 55 group O mothers tested, all but 5 showed enhancement of the specific antibody in the indirect Coombs reaction.
Studies on the Pathogenesis of Splenic Anemia
Authors: GIBLETT E. R. , MOTULSKY A. G. , CASSERD F. , HOUGHTON B. , FINCH C. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Splenomegaly was produced in rats by repeated intraperitoneal injections of methylcellulose. Anemia and marked reticulocytosis resulted. Coombs tests were negative.
Comparative measurements of red cell life with Cr51 in normal, methyl-cellulose treated, and splenectomized animals showed a marked decrease of red cell survival in the methylcellulose rats. Slight but statistically insignificant increased survival could be demonstrated in the splenectomized animals.
Excessive red cell destruction occurred in the spleen as evidenced by rapid localization of Cr51-tagged cells in this organ. Direct correlation between severity of hemolysis and splenic size could be demonstrated. The hemolytic process decreased significantly after splenectomy.
Affected spleens showed red cell congestion of the pulp microscopically. Hemochromogen determinations revealed approximately twice the normal amount of hemoglobin per unit splenic mass.
Quantitative measurements of splenic phagocytosis showed a marked increases of total phagocytic mass with no significant increase of phagocytes per unit of spleen mass.
The mechanism of splenic anemia in these animals is thought to be a combination of an enlarged pulp compartment with resultant stasis and cell destruction.
Methylcellulose-induced splenomegaly may be considered as an experimental model for the study of the hyperfunctional spleen in human disease.
Some Observations on the Morphology of Erythropoietic Cells in Human Lead Poisoning
Authors: BERITIĆ TIHOMIL , VANDEKAR MILUTIN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Morphologic changes of erythropoietic cells in the bone marrow of 19 lead intoxicated patients are reported. In addition to clinical manifestations the toxic action of lead was verified by the laboratory findings: high lead blood values, increased coproporphyrinuria and characteristic findings in peripheral blood.
Qualitative changes of erythroblasts were constantly present in all smears examined. Abnormalities most frequently observed were: (a) basophilic stippling, (b) polyploidy, (c) nuclear alterations ("karyorrhexis"), and (d) aberrant chromosomes. The incideces of some of these changes have been given.
The mechanism by which these changes might be brought about is discussed; the role of interruption of cytokinesis and karyokinesis is emphasized.
Thalassemia in Sikhs
Authors: SIDDOO J. K. , SIDDOO S. K. , CHASE W. H. , MORGAN-DEAN L. , PERRY W. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The incidence of Thalassemia minor in the Sikh community of Vancouver, Canada, was computed to be six per cent from a study of 80 individuals, of whom five showed this condition.
2. To determine the incidence in blood relatives, the families of the above five propositi were then studied in detail. In addition, a sixth family, that of the original propositus was included. This made a total of 79 individuals, of whom 38 had Thalassemia minor and none had Thalassemia major.
3. It is suggested that a large pool of the Thalassemia gene existed in the Mediterranean basin and perhaps spread to Italy, Greece, Syria, Kurdistan, India, Thailand and China, countries which lie along the routes of early migration of races.
Ameboid Motility of Human Leukocytes
Authors: LAPIN JOSEPH , HORONICK ANDREW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study presents a relatively simple and consistently reproducible technic for the quantitative evaluation of the ameboid motility of human leukocytes. Factors such as anticoagulants, time of centrifugation, the temperature of storage of leukocytes, the medium in which the leukocytes are suspended, and the use of tube or slide methods of observation with dark field or phase contrast microscopy, have been critically evaluated. The results of this technic, when applied to six normal donors and 36 ill patients, show that age, sex, anemia, general nutritional condition, diabetes and terminal disease have no clear cut effect on the vitality of the human leukocyte as measured by ameboid motility. It seems reasonable that this technic may be valuable in future studies on the leukotoxic effects of new drugs, as well as in studies of immunologic mechanisms in blood dyscrasias.
The Action of Leukocytosis-Promoting Factor on the Blood and Bone Marrow of the Guinea Pig
Authors: HARRIS P. F. , MENKIN V. , YOFFEY J. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ten normal guinea pigs each weighing approximately 400 Gm. were given intraperitoneal injections of sterile pyrogen-free saline, and another ten were given injections of saline + 25 mg. of Leukocytosis-Promoting Factor (Menkin). The animals were killed 4 hours after the injection and quantitative studies made on the blood and the bone marrow.
LPF appears to give rise to a considerable discharge of granulocytes from the bone marrow, much greater than can be accounted for by the leukocytosis which develops. The administration of LPF is also associated with a marked increase in the marrow lymphocytes.
Antihemophilic Globulin Consumption During Blood Coagulation
Authors: DOUGLAS A. S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
(1) Antihemophilic globulin (AHG) consumption has been studied in normal blood maintained at 37 C. for one hour after collection. By the end of one hour the AHG was completely utilized.
(2) AHG consumption is defective completely in Christmas disease and heparin therapy, and to a lesser degree in phenylindanedione therapy. In platelet deficiency consumption of AHG is normal.
(3) A possible interpretation of these results is discussed in relation to the order of the interactions involved in blood thromboplastin formation.
Unusual Bleeding During Pregnancy: Report of a Case Due to Hypoprothrombinemia and Hypoproconvertinemia
Authors: SETNA SOONA S. , ALTMAN S. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of transient hypoprothrombinemia and hypoproconvertinemia associated with bleeding and occurring during the eighteenth and nineteenth weeks of a twin pregnancy has been described. The coagulation defect responded to intravenous K1, therapy but not to water soluble K. Death of one fetus and complete infarction of its placenta occurred during the eighteenth week. It is suggested that these events, or their cause, may have adversely influenced liver cell function and precipitated the severe deficiencies of prothrombin and proconvertin.
Confirmation of a Structural Abnormity in the Stroma of Erythrocytes from Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) After Hemolysis in Distilled Water
Authors: BRAUNSTEINER H. , GISINGER E. , PAKESCH F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The presence of a structural abnormity in the stroma of erythrocytes from PNH after hemolysis in distilled water is confirmed.
Normal Bone Marrow Total Cell and Differential Values by Quantitative Analysis of Particle Smears
Authors: SANDKÜHLER S. , GROSS E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A method is described which permits absolute, area-related bone marrow counts for the total nucleated cells and differential count. The technic is easy, the accuracy satisfactory.
2. Normal values for the marrow of young adults (18-45 years) are given.
3. The method permits comparison of any marrow cells independent from changes of the total cellularity, and it makes serial comparative marrow studies in diseases useful, especially in cases where the cellularity is greatly altered (aplasia, leukemia) and percentage-differential counts are almost impossible to judge properly.
4. Experiments in animals may be followed by absolute marrow counts, without alteration of the cells such as occurs in pipet- and shaking-methods. Experiments with ionizing radiation5 showed clearly the practical value of this technic.
5. A survey is given on some total cell counts in disease, showing the range of pathologic changes to be determined with the technic described. The range is from about 80,000 (in marrow atrophy) to 1.5 million (in small-cell leukemia).
Immunochemotherapy (R-MCP) Is Not Superior to Chemotherapy (MCP) Alone in Advanced Mantle Cell Lymphoma - 42 Months Follow Up Results of the OSHO 39 Study.
Authors: Herold Michael , Haas Antje , Srock Stephanie , Neser Sabine , Al Ali Kathrin H. , Neubauer Andreas , Doelken Gottfried , Naumann Ralph , Fietz Thomas , Freund Mathias , Rohrberg Robert , Hoeffken Klaus , Mohren Martin , Ittel Thomas H. , Kettner Erika 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Rituximab plus chemotherapy has been proved to be the standard in treating advanced follicular lymphoma. However in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) the results are still controversial.
Methods: In a prospective randomised trial (OSHO#39) we compared the efficacy and toxicity of MCP chemotherapy(mitoxantrone 8 mg/m2 d 1+2, chlormabucil 3x3 mg/m2 d 1–5 and prednisolone 25 mg/m2 d q 4 weeks)versus MCP plus rituximab (375 mg/m2 d -1) in advanced indolent lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Here we present the results of the MCL subgroup (n=90) among the 358 randomised patients (FL, MCL, LPL). Study endpoints included overall and complete response rate (RR + CR), progression free survival (PFS), event free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) and toxicities.
Results: with a median follow-up of 43 months for the MCL subgroup we can provide relatively mature data. Concerning toxicities there was no striking difference between the treatment groups. The treatment results for the MCL patients are as follows:
Conclusions: Concerning all end-points R-MCP is not superior to MCP chemotherapy alone in advanced mantle cell lymphoma. Immunochemotherapy is obviously not the solution for this poor prognosis lymphoma entity.
Results R-MCP n=44 MCP n=46 p-value Response Rate 70,5% 63% .5074 Complete Responses 31,8% 15,2% .0822 PFS median 20,5 months 19 months .2482 PFS 42 months 31% 14% EFS median 19 months 14 months .1369 EFS 42 months 27% 11,5% OS median 56 months 50 months .4862 OS 42 months 60% 61%
BiovaxID Vaccine Therapy of Follicular Lymphoma in First Remission: Phase III Blinded Safety Update.
Authors: Stergiou Angelos M. , Neelapu Sattva S. , Casciano Roman , Jaffee Margo A. , Kwak Larry W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: A previous single-arm Phase 2 study (Nature Med5:1171–7,1999), evaluated the ability of tumor-specific idiotype (ID) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) administered with granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor - GM-CSF (BiovaxID vaccine) to induce complete remission (CR) and molecular remission (MR) in follicular NHL patients in first CR after chemotherapy. We reported (ASH 2005, Abstr 2441) that at 9.2 years follow-up, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 45% and 95%, respectively; median DFS was 8.0 years. To date, there have been no additional reported mortalities in this cohort. Although these data are promising, improvements in the treatments and increasing survival for patients with follicular lymphoma have necessitated additional rigor in the evaluation of overall safety and overall risk-benefit. The ongoing Phase 3 study that opened in 2000 by the NCI is designed to evaluate the impact of this vaccine on DFS in previously untreated subjects who have attained CR/Cru. As of August 2007, 231 subjects have been enrolled to receive chemotherapy and 176 have been randomized to receive vaccine (ID-KLH or KLH-KLH).
Methods: Since Phase 3 trial inception in 2000, SAEs have been reported through a pharmacoviligance group and identified according to time period on the study (i.e. during chemotherapy, during vaccine, after vaccine, or unknown), causality, and relatedness to study agent.
Results: As of August 2007, 32 SAEs have been reported in the BV301 trial, 7 of which occurred during the vaccination segment of the study. At a blinded interim analysis of the Phase 3 safety data, of the 7 SAEs reported during the vaccine segment of the study, 3 are considered unlikely to be related to the study agent (chest pain, compression fracture, herpes zoster), 2 possibly related (arrhythmia supraventricular, chest pain), 1 unrelated (vomiting), and 1 unknown (febrile neutropenia). The 1 SAE, cerebral ischaemia, that occurred post vaccine is considered unrelated to the study agent.
Conclusions: Additional follow-up on the Phase 2 patients is needed, as well as similar analyses in other cohorts. Blinded Phase 3 safety data shows a positive safety profile for BiovaxID. Unblinded safety data will be needed to determine the final efficacy and safety profile.
Circulating CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell and Th3 Cell of the Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes.
Authors: Shao Zonghong , Wang Huaquan , Xing Limin , Fu Rong , Tu Fengmei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective To investigate the quantitive and qualitive changes of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and Th3 cells of the patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.
Methods Whole peripheral blood samples of 40 MDS cases and 19 nromal control were assayed by flow cytometer for detecting the numbers of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell and CD3+CD4+TGFβ+ T cell(Th3). Expression of FOXP3 and TGF-β of peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMNC) were analysed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Commercial ELISA kits were used to measure plasma concentrations of TGF-β 1 according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Results. The percentage and number of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the CD4+T cell population were significantly higher in the peripheral blood of MDS patients than healthy controls[(21.5±2.2% vs 8.3±1.9%; P<0.05) and (76.1±20.6)×106/L vs (54.6±11.4)×106/L; P<0.05)]. The percentage and number of Th3 cells in the mononuclear cell population were significantly higher in the peripheral blood of MDS patients than healthy controls[(7.2±1.3%vs2.6±0.7%; P<0.01 and (63.5±15.2)×106/L vs (42.4±10.6)×106/L;P<0.05)]. The rate of expression of FOXP3 isolated from PBMNC was significantly higher in MDS patients than that in healthy controls (91.3% vs 52.6%; P<0.05%). But the expression of TGF-β of MDS patients didn’t significantly differ from that of healthy controls. The plasma level of TGF-β1 of MDS patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls[(12.9±3.1)ng/ml vs (23.2±3.9)ng/ml; P<0.05)].
Conclusion The CD4+CD25 + regulatory T cells, Th3 cells and their inhibitive function increased in MDS, which might contribute to MDS clone escaping from immunosurveillance and gainning immunol privilege.