bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining how respectful engagement affects task performance and affective organizational commitment
Authors: Basit Ameer A. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to advance research on the newly developed construct of respectful engagement (RE) (Carmeli et al., 2015), which focuses on positive interrelating behaviors characterized by respect in the organizational context. Further, this study aims to examine whether RE was associated with task performance and affective organizational commitment, and whether employee job engagement mediated these relationships.Design/methodology/approachUsing the self-reported measures and online survey method, data were collected from 185 employees working in one of the world’s largest hosiery firms located in the eastern part of Punjab, Pakistan. Structural equation modeling and multiple regressions were used to test the proposed conceptual model.FindingsRE had significant positive effects on task performance and affective commitment. The effect of RE on affective commitment was stronger than it was on task performance. Moreover, job engagement significantly mediated the effects of RE on task performance and affective commitment.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides empirical evidence that RE enhances job engagement of employees by improving their levels of effort, enthusiasm and pride and concentration in work roles. Consequently, the enhanced level of job engagement leads employees to demonstrate better task performance and increased affective commitment with the organization.Practical implicationsManagers can institutionalize RE by applying strategies suggested by (Dutton, 2003) that focus on conveying presence, being genuine, communicating affirmation, effective listening and supportive communication. Training programs around these strategies can help managers to achieve this goal. Furthermore, in their day-to-day performance discussions, managers should follow the above strategies that could open further avenues for RE at the workplace. Managers can also allocate some weight to employees’ RE as part of their performance appraisals. The use of rewards would encourage employees to adopt RE as a norm desired by the organization.Originality/valueThis study extends research on the new developed construct of RE by focusing on task performance and affective commitment as its key outcomes. Furthermore, this study is the first to introduce job engagement as mediator in the relationship of RE with task performance and affective commitment. Another important aspect of this study is that its model has been tested on the data collected from Pakistan, which is an underrepresented geographical region in the management literature.
Standing and the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission
Authors: Rooney Jane M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOn 7 June 2018, the UK Supreme Court held that the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission (NIHRC) did not have standing under the Northern Ireland Act 1998 (NIA) and Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) to challenge the legality of abortion law in Northern Ireland. This case note argues that while a literal reading of the NIA exposes its inconsistencies, a purposive reading of both the NIA and HRA indicates that the NIHRC should have had standing. The note seeks to highlight the unique democratic function of the NIHRC in a consociational setting in protecting rights that are not represented along ethno‐national lines. It also considers the negative ramifications that the judgment will have on women who have been victims of the legislative regime and seek to challenge the compatibility of Northern Irish abortion law with the HRA in the future.
Trends in endpoint selection and result interpretation in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer clinical trials published between 2000 and 2012: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fernández‐López Cristina , Calleja‐Hernández Miguel Ángel , Balbino Jaime Espín , Cabeza‐Barrera José , Expósito‐Hernández José 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe objective of this review was to investigate trends in clinical trial design, specifically, the primary outcomes used, interpretation of results, and the magnitude of the benefits described in phase III controlled clinical trials in the first‐line treatment of patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsSeventy‐six trials published between 2000 and 2012 were selected from a total of 122 identified in a structured search.ResultsOverall survival (OS) was evaluated as the primary study endpoint in 50 (65.8%) trials, followed by progression‐free survival (PFS) in 15 (19.7%), and other variables, such as toxicity, quality of life (QoL), and response rate in 11 (14.5%). Ten (66.7%) out of 15 clinical trials using PFS as the primary endpoint were published between 2010 and 2012. Median overall survival (mOS) was 9.90 months (interquartile range: 3.5) with an increase of 0.384 months per year of publication (P < 0.001). A statistically significant improvement in mOS was obtained in only 13 (18.8%) trials. A total of 41 (53.9%) studies concluded that the result was positive. Of these, only 16 (39.1%) showed a statistically significant benefit in OS. QoL was assessed in 46 trials (60.5%) and of these, 10 (21.7%) reported significant improvements.ConclusionsThese findings raise important questions about how clinical benefits are measured in clinical trials in advanced NSCLC. Appropriate clinically relevant outcome variables should be established and validated, and post‐marketing studies should be requested by regulatory authorities to ensure meaningful clinical benefits in OS and QoL.
Evaluation of anticoagulation and nonsurgical major bleeding in recipients of continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Veasey Tara M. , Floroff Catherine K. , Strout Sara E. , McElray Krista L. , Brisco‐Bacik Meredith A. , Cook Jennifer L. , Toole John M. , Craig Michael L. , Van Bakel Adrian B. , Meadows Holly B. , Uber Walter E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractContinuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement has become a standard of care in advanced heart failure treatment. Bleeding is the most frequently reported adverse event after LVAD implantation and may be increased by antithrombotic agents used for prevention of pump thrombosis. This retrospective cohort included 85 adult patients implanted with a Heartmate II LVAD. Major bleeding was defined as occurring >7 days after implant and included intracranial hemorrhage, events requiring 2 units of packed red blood cells within a 24‐h period, and death from bleeding. Primary outcome was intensity of anticoagulation between patients with or without at least one incidence of nonsurgical major bleeding. Major bleeding occurred in 35 (41%) patients with 0.48 events per patient year and a median (IQR) time to first bleed of 134.5 (39.3, 368.5) days. The median (IQR) INR at time of bleed was 1.7 (1.4, 2.5). Median INR during follow‐up did not differ between groups and patients with major bleeding were not more likely to have a supra‐therapeutic INR. Patients who bled were more likely to have received LVAD for destination therapy, to have lower weight, worse renal function, and lower hemoglobin at baseline. Duration of LVAD support and survival were similar between groups with no difference in occurrence of thrombosis. Incidence of nonsurgical major bleeding was not significantly associated with degree of anticoagulation. Certain baseline characteristics may be more important than anticoagulation intensity to identify patients at risk for bleeding after LVAD implant. Modification of anticoagulation alone is not a sufficient management strategy and early intervention may be required to mitigate bleeding impact.
Osteopontin and phospho‐SMAD2/3 are associated with calcification of vessels in D‐CAA, an hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Grand Moursel Laure , van der Graaf Linda M. , Bulk Marjolein , van Roon‐Mom Willeke M.C. , van der Weerd Louise 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn severe forms of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) pathology, vascular calcification has been observed in the cerebral cortex, both in vivo on MRI and CT, and post‐mortem using histopathology. However, the pathomechanisms leading to calcification of CAA‐laden arteries are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between calcification of cortical arterioles and several potential modulators of vascular calcification using immunohistochemistry in a unique collection of brain material of patients with a hereditary form of CAA, namely hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis‐Dutch type (HCHWA‐D or D‐CAA).We show a topographical association of osteopontin (OPN) and TGFβ signaling factor phospho‐SMAD2/3 (pSMAD2/3) in calcified CAA vessel walls. OPN and pSMAD2/3 gradually accumulate in vessels prior to calcification. Moreover, we found that the vascular accumulation of Collagen 1 (Col1), OPN and pSMAD2/3 immunomarkers correlated with the CAA severity. This was independently of the vessel size, including capillaries in the most severe cases. We propose that calcification of CAA vessels in the observed HCHWA‐D cases may be induced by extracellular OPN trapped in the fibrotic Col1 vessel wall, independently of the presence of vascular amyloid.
The evolution of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Development of mid‐ventricular obstruction and apical aneurysm 11 years after initial diagnosis
Authors: Singam Narayana Sarma V. , Stoddard Marcus F. 
Published: March 2019

Asian hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is a rare variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) that is more prevalent in the Asian population. There is significant overlap between AHCM, mid‐cavitary obstruction, and apical aneurysms. Although more benign compared to HCM, the course of AHCM is not clearly defined. We present an interesting case of an African American male with known AHCM who develops symptomatic mid‐cavitary obstruction and apical aneurysm 11 years after initial diagnosis.
Productive and biochemical responses of durum wheat to UV filtration
Authors: Grifoni Daniele , Napoli Marco , Sabatini Francesco , Orlandini Simone , Mancini Marco , Zipoli Gaetano , Dalla Marta Anna 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA UV exclusion experiment was conducted on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. var. Claudio) grown in pots. Plants were grown under three different radiative treatments in greenhouses covered with plastic filters: Teflon, transparent to the entire region of natural UV‐visible sunlight (TEF); polyester, transparent above 312 nm (MYL, excluding UVB) and Lee, transparent above 400 nm (LEE, excluding both UVA and UVB). Analyses have been carried out to determine the concentration of photosynthetic pigments in leaves, UV‐absorbing compounds, nitrogen and carbon in leaves, culms and spikes and proteins and gluten in grains. In particular, plants grown under UV exclusion showed a reduction in protein and dry gluten content (consequently without variation in the ratio dry gluten/protein), but at the same time, a significant increase of gluten index, which is a parameter to define the quality of gluten, was observed. The results highlighted the influence played by UV radiation on some biochemical parameters, mainly UV‐absorbing compounds, leaf nitrogen and grain protein characteristics of durum wheat cultivated under Mediterranean conditions. In particular, natural level of UV in the Mediterranean improves the characteristics of durum wheat flour important for pasta production (high dry gluten level), while the UV exclusion could improve characteristics of flour important for bread production (high gluten index).
The non‐directed living kidney donor: Why donate to strangers?
Authors: Balliet Wendy , Kazley Abby S. , Johnson Emily , Holland‐Carter Lauren , Maurer Stacey , Correll Jennifer , Marlow Nicole , Chavin Kenneth , Baliga Prabhakar 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundKidney transplantation improves survival and quality of life for patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, there is a shortage of donated organs, resulting in long wait times and the potential for death before a donor is found. Non‐directed (also called altruistic) living kidney donation is a growing type of donation; however, few studies have examined the values and motivation of individuals evaluated to be a non‐directed donor.ObjectivesThis qualitative study explores the motivations and values of individuals evaluated for non‐directed donation.DesignFocus groups were conducted with individuals who had been evaluated for non‐directed living kidney donation. Grounded theory method guided the data analysis.ParticipantsParticipants (N = 11) were individuals who completed the evaluation for a non‐directed living kidney donation.FindingsQualitative analyses revealed eight major themes participants considered in making their decision to donate to a non‐related person: (i) motivation to donate; (ii) minimise perceived risk; (iii) ideal selected recipient; (iv) change in lifestyle; (v) source of donation knowledge; (vi) history of altruistic acts; (vii) donation chain and (viii) others’ response.ConclusionsResults suggest that non‐directed living kidney donors think deeply about their decision and have a resolve to help others that is aligned with their values. As organ availability remains at a critical shortage, unwillingness to consider non‐directed living donors (NDD) due to beliefs of ill motivations appears unsupported. Future directions call for the need of standard practice of care in kidney donation evaluations across transplant centers.
The effect of culture on home‐ownership
Authors: Marcén Miriam , Morales Marina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the role of culture in determining whether, or not, an individual is a homeowner. We use data on first‐generation immigrants who arrived in the United States under 6 years old. Following the epidemiological approach, any dissimilarity in the proportion of homeowners by country of origin may be interpreted as a consequence of cultural differences. Our estimates indicate that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the cultural proxy and the immigrants’ choice of home‐ownership. Additionally, we present evidence of different mechanisms of transmission of culture, which reinforces our results on the cultural effect.
The future of information under the CBD, Nagoya Protocol, Plant Treaty, and PIP Framework
Authors: Lawson Charles , Humphries Fran , Rourke Michelle 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe United Nations’ Convention of Biological Diversity (and the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization), the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations’ International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and the World Health Organisation of the United Nations’ (WHO) Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework all set out schemes for access and benefit sharing (ABS) some biological materials. This article addresses the apparent conflict between the general obligations in these agreements to disclose and exchange information and dealing with information as a resource derivative within the ABS transaction. This latter dealing is a closed domain for information under the ABS schemes where information is a resource derivative that is a part of the ABS transaction. Treating information as a resource derivative within the ABS transaction is likely to impose unnecessary and inefficient burdens on ABS transactions. After reviewing the recent developments, the article postulates a risk framework for valuing information as a part of the ABS transaction, or alternatively, a charge, tax, or levy to externalize the costs so that information remains available to be disclosed and exchanged promoting more and better science and research.
Trends in prelicensing negotiations of standard‐essential patents
Authors: Gupta Indranath , Devaiah Vishwas H. , Jain Dipesh A. , Shrivastava Vishal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrelicensing negotiations play a crucial role in determining the fate of the terms that govern licensing of standard‐essential patents (SEPs). There have been a number of judgments from all around the globe that suggest the best practices that parties, that is, the SEP holder and the technology implementer should follow to safeguard their respective positions. To begin with, the Huawei framework and later on a number of decisions in Germany did reflect on the framework under which an SEP holder may ask for an injunction in matters relating to infringement of essential patents. Similarly, these cases also suggest the expectations bestowed upon an implementer to ensure early completion of a negotiation process. Under similar circumstances, the Indian courts do offer overall guidance to the stakeholders. In the context of prelicensing negotiations and existing best practices, this article delves into the transition from the
Huawei to the post‐
Huawei framework, investigates the unresolved issues, and further reflects upon the existing situation in India.
Recovering 18th‐century erotica
Authors: Parker Kate 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article considers the often productive overlap between feminist scholarship of recovery in 18th‐century literature and the ongoing work of erotic studies. Considering how revisionist feminist scholarship has revitalized a field often (wrongly) considered to be male‐dominated, this study aims to highlight some of the most exciting recent crossover work in gender and sexuality studies.
Regulating public procurement in Brazil, India, and China: Toward the regulatory‐developmental state
Authors: Križić Ivo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSince the 1990s, emerging economies such as Brazil, India, and China have adopted transparency‐enhancing public procurement regulations in line with international norms. Yet they have hesitated to join the World Trade Organization's legally binding Government Procurement Agreement (GPA). Based on the Special Issue framework, this article scrutinizes the underlying domestic and international determinants, and how they influence emerging countries’ positions in two overlapping international procurement regimes. In particular, reform‐oriented state actors, societal pressure, and lesson‐drawing from international templates have induced a strengthening of domestic procurement institutions and turned emerging countries into “promoters” of the international transparency regime. Conversely, the rising powers have remained, to varying degrees, reluctant “spoilers” of the GPA‐based market access regime in order to keep policy space and use procurement for domestic development objectives. The article suggests that this regulatory‐developmental layering of rule‐based governance and interventionist ambitions characterizes the variegated regulatory state in emerging countries.
Intestinal dysbiosis augments liver disease progression via NLRP3 in a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Liao Lijun , Schneider Kai Markus , Galvez Eric J C , Frissen Mick , Marschall Hanns-Ulrich , Su Huan , Hatting Maximilian , Wahlström Annika , Haybaeck Johannes , Puchas Philip , Mohs Antje , Peng Jin , Bergheim Ina , Nier Anika , Hennings Julia , Reißing Johanna , Zimmermann Henning W , Longerich Thomas , Strowig Till , Liedtke Christian , Cubero Francisco J , Trautwein Christian 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThere is a striking association between human cholestatic liver disease (CLD) and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the functional implications for intestinal microbiota and inflammasome-mediated innate immune response in CLD remain elusive. Here we investigated the functional role of gut–liver crosstalk for CLD in the murine Mdr2 knockout(Mdr2−/−)model resembling human primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).DesignMaleMdr2−/−,Mdr2−/−crossed with hepatocyte-specific deletion of caspase-8 (Mdr2−/−/Casp8∆hepa) and wild-type (WT) control mice were housed for 8 or 52 weeks, respectively, to characterise the impact of Mdr2 deletion on liver and gut including bile acid and microbiota profiling. To block caspase activation, a pan-caspase inhibitor (IDN-7314) was administered. Finally, the functional role ofMdr2−/−-associated intestinal dysbiosis was studied by microbiota transfer experiments.ResultsMdr2−/−mice displayed an unfavourable intestinal microbiota signature and pronounced NLRP3 inflammasome activation within the gut–liver axis. Intestinal dysbiosis inMdr2−/−mice prompted intestinal barrier dysfunction and increased bacterial translocation amplifying the hepatic NLRP3-mediated innate immune response. Transfer ofMdr2−/−microbiota into healthy WT control mice induced significant liver injury in recipient mice, highlighting the causal role of intestinal dysbiosis for disease progression. Strikingly, IDN-7314 dampened inflammasome activation, ameliorated liver injury, reversed serum bile acid profile and cholestasis-associated microbiota signature.ConclusionsMDR2-associated cholestasis triggers intestinal dysbiosis. In turn, translocation of endotoxin into the portal vein and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation contribute to higher liver injury. This process does not essentially depend on caspase-8 in hepatocytes, but can be blocked by IDN-7314.
Incubation period and risk factors support sexual transmission of bacterial vaginosis in women who have sex with women
Authors: Muzny Christina Ann , Lensing Shelly Y , Aaron Kristal J , Schwebke Jane R 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThe epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis (BV) favours sexual transmission of BV-associated bacteria. We examined incubation period and risk factors for incident BV (iBV) in a prospective study of women who have sex with women (WSW).MethodsUsing daily self-collected vaginal swabs, WSW with normal vaginal microbiota (no Amsel criteria and a Nugent score of 0–3) were followed for 90 days or until iBV (Nugent score 7–10 on at least 2–3 consecutive days). Daily diaries of sexual activity and menses were completed. Time to iBV was estimated. Accounting for differing lengths of follow-up and age, rates of sexual activities (per 100 person-days (pd)) were compared according to iBV status. The relationship between menses and iBV was also investigated.ResultsOf the 36 WSW, the mean age was 30 years (SD 8) and 92% were African American. The probability of iBV at 30 and 60 days was 20% (SD 7%) and 36% (SD 8%), respectively; 14 (39%) developed iBV by 90 days. In WSW with iBV versus those without iBV, the relative rate of any sexual activity prior to iBV was 40% higher (20.4 vs 14.6 per 100 pd; p=0.010), sex with a woman was 38% higher (14.3 vs 10.3 per 100 pd; p=0.038), digital-vaginal sex was 57% higher (14.3 vs 9.1 per 100 pd; p=0.005) and digital-anal sex was 5.6 times higher (2.9 vs 0.5 per 100 pd; p<0.001). iBV was more likely for those WSW with menses in the prior 2 days as compared with those without recent menses (HR 3.4; p=0.029). Sexual activity occurred in 93% WSW at a median of 4 days (95% CI 2 to 6) prior to iBV.ConclusioniBV was common and associated with sexual activity in this cohort of predominantly African American WSW. An incubation period of 4 days is consistent with other bacterial STIs.