bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Áreas verdes e desigualdades sociais em um município de médio porte no Brasil / Green areas and social inequalities in a medium-sized municipality in Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Cássia Castro Martins , Monteiro Ana , Paula Isabela Fernanda Moraes 
Published: March 2019

O trabalho objetivou calcular e espacializar o Índice de Áreas Verdes Públicas (IAVP) para a cidade de Juiz de Fora – MG. O IAVP foi calculado com base em fotos aéreas datadas do ano de 2000 e 2007, e no Censo demográfico de 2000 e 2010, as áreas verdes tiveram alterações pouco significativas de suas áreas nesse período. Verificou-se um IAV de 10,5 m2/hab para toda a cidade, para o período estudado. Os dados apontam um reduzido IAV por Regiões Urbanas, e mostram a necessidade de uma política pública que busque a criação de áreas verdes, sobretudo para atenderem às regiões periféricas da cidade, onde há maior concentração populacional, menor renda per capita e menor IAV, pois, as áreas verdes é um dos elementos que proporcionam à população melhores condições de vida.Palavras-chave: Índice de áreas verdes públicas, Cobertura vegetal, qualidade de vida.AbstractThe study aimed to calculate and spatializing green area index for the city of Juiz de Fora - MG. The Green Area Index was calculated based on aerial photographs dating from 2000 and 2007, and the population census of 2000 and 2010, green areas have had little significant changes in their areas during this period. It has been found a 10.5 IAV m2/hab across the city. The data indicate a reduced green area index by urban regions, and show the need for a public policy that emphasises the creation of green areas, especially to meet the outlying regions of the city, where occur a higher population density, a lower per capita income and lower green area index. Emphasising that the green areas can provide for the population better living conditions. Keywords: green area index, green area, quality of life.
COMPARISON OF CYCLIC FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF ONE CURVE, HYFLEX EDM, WAVEONE GOLD AND RECIPROC BLUE NICKELTITANIUM ROTARY FILES AT INTRA-CANAL TEMPERATURE
Authors: YILMAZ Koray , ÖZYÜREK Taha , USLU Gülşah 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: To compare the cyclic fatigue resistances of One Curve (OC), Hyflex EDM (HEDM), WaveOne Gold (WOG), Reciproc Blue (RPC Blue), and nickel-titanium rotary files at intra-canal temperature (35°C). Materials and Methods: Twenty OC (25/.06), 20 HEDM (25/.08), 20 WOG (25/.07) and 20 RPC Blue (25/.08) files were tested for cyclic fatigue at intra-canal temperature (35°C). All the instruments were rotated in artificial which were made of stainless steel with an 60° angle of curvature and a radii of curvatures of 5 mm until fracture occurred, and the time to fracture was recorded in seconds using a digital chronometer and the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) for each file was calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to statistically analyze the data by using SPSS 21.0 software. The statistical significance level was set at p&lt;.05.Results: NCF values revealed that the HEDM had the highest cyclic fatigue resistance at intracanal temperature (p&lt;.05) and followed by WOG, RPC Blue and OC. The lowest NCF values were determined in the OC group and statistically significant difference was observed between the OC group the other groups (p&lt;.05). No statistically significant difference in the mean length of the fractured fragments in curvature was evident for the instruments (p&gt; .05).Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present in-vitro study, HEDM instrument resisted static cyclic fatigue significantly more than RPC Blue, WOG and OC instruments.
Reproductive Toxicity & Biomarker Response of Male Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) to a Daily Dose of Local Gin (Ogogoro)
Authors: Obemeata E. Oriakpono, , Ronald N. Gbule, 
Published: March 2019

This study evaluates the effect of local gin (ogogoro) on Hepato-renal parameters such as aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, sodium, potassium, chlorine and bicarbonate, haematological parameters such as total protein, packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell haemoglobin, platelet and lymphocytes and sperm count parameter.
The results show that: The mean serum electrolytes were for week 1 (Na 165.0, K 5.27, Cl 99.67 and HCO3 19.67), week 2 (Na 138, K 5.77, Cl 89.67 and HCO3 20), week 3 (Na 126.67, K 3.67, Cl 87.67 and HCO3 19) and week 4 (Na 117.67, K 2.70, Cl 73.67 and HCO3 22) and showed a significant difference in Na, Cl and HCO3 only when compared with the average control at (P<0.05), AST had a mean of 30.0 in week 1 which increased to 45.0 in week 4 while ALT had a mean of 15.0 in week 1 and increased to 30.67 in week 4. The mean serum protein reduced from 51.15 in week 1 to 42.53 in week 4 with significant difference (P<0.05). Mean PCV reduced from 36.0 in week 1 to 24.40 in week 4, Hb from 12.07 in week 1 to 8.80 in week 4 with a significant difference (P<0.05) when comparing the test with the average control, WBC from 6.17 in week 1 to 5.40 in week 4, Platelet increased from a mean of 255 on week 1 to 683 on week 4 with significant difference (P<0.05), RBC had a mean of 5.27 in week 1 and 5.25 on week 4 with no significant difference (P>0.05). Lymphocyte reduced from a mean of 69.0 week 1 to 45.50 in week 4 but when the test was compared with the average control it had a significant difference (P<0.05). While the mean sperm count was 275 in week 1 and 325 in week 4. These investigations demonstrated that local gin changes blood parameters which could lead to anaemia in mammals when constantly taken and also cause a detrimental effect on sperm count which could cause infertility in males as well as kidney and liver disease.
Effectiveness of Publicity in the Realization of the Sales Turnover of a Company in Situation of Duopoly "Case of the Primus Beer of Bralima/Kisangani from 2008 to 2010"
Authors: Raymond Assani Ramazani , Désiré Isetcha Tawiti 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: The present study aimed as objective to determine the factors which contribute to the effectiveness of marketing in terms of communication and to release the incidence of the communications media and except media on the sales turnover.
Methods: This study concerned 650 consumers of beers, on which we drew a random sample from 50 faithful consumers of the Bralima products; we also retained the expenditure related to the marketing of 2008 to 2010. It is about an inductive study of the retrospective type based on the abstract and the questionnaire.
Results: The expenditure marketing influences the sales turnover to 97.23% and the other means 2.77%, it is necessary to affirm that the expenditure marketing causes the increase in the volume of the sales turnover in value as in quantities. Also, the sales turnover one year to another during all the period under study increased successively: from 2008 to 2009 of 11.3% and 2009 to 2010 of 14.2%.
Conclusion: We noticed the importance of marketing in the maximization of the sales turnover in a company in situation of duopoly like Bralima. Of course marketing requires the engagement of the enormous expenditure, but what is significant it is the optimization of the sales turnover.
Effect of Vadasz Number on Magnetoconvection in a Darcy Porous Layer with Concentration Based Internal Heating
Authors: Israel-Cookey C. , Ebiwareme L. , Amos E. 
Published: March 2019

In this research article, the effect of Vadasz number on magnetoconvection in a Darcy Porous Layer with concentration based internal heating is studied. The flow is governed by the Oberbeck-Boussineq model for Newtonian fluid. The stability analysis method based on the perturbation of infinitesimal amplitude is carried out using the normal mode analysis. The onset criterion for both the stationary and oscillatory convection on the stability of system is obtained. The analysis examines the effects of pertinent parameters on the stability of the system: magnetic field parameter, solutal Rayleigh number, Lewis number and Vadasz number. The result show that, internal heat parameter, and Lewis number, , hastens the onset of instability in the system, whereas magnetic field, , Vadasz number, and solutal Rayleigh number, delay the onset of instability.
Analysis of a Fractional-order “SVEIR” Epidemic Mo del with a General Nonlinear Saturated Incidence Rate in a Continuous Reactor
Authors: Hajji Miled El , Sayari Sayed 
Published: March 2019

In this paper, I propose a fractional-order mathematical five-dimensional dynamical system modeling a SVEIR model of infectious disease transmission in a chemostat. A profound qualitative analysis is given. The analysis of the local and global stability of equilibrium points is carried out. It is proved that if R > 1, then the disease-persistence (endemic) equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. However, if R ≤ 1, then the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable in R 5. Finally, some numerical tests are done using the ”PECE” method in order to validate the obtained results.
Image quality evaluation of ultrasound imaging systems: advanced B‐modes
Authors: Sassaroli Elisabetta , Crake Calum , Scorza Andrea , Kim Don‐Soo , Park Mi‐Ae 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Quality assurance of ultrasound clinical imaging systems is essential for maintaining their performance to the highest level and for complying with the requirements by various regulatory and accrediting agencies. Although there is no standardization yet, most of the quality assessment procedures available in literature are proposed for B‐mode and Doppler imaging. However, ultrasound imaging systems offer a variety of advanced imaging modes, besides B‐mode and Doppler, which are primarily aimed at improving image quality. This study presents computer‐based methods for evaluating image quality for the advanced imaging modes of ultrasound imaging systems: harmonic imaging, spatial compounding imaging, adaptive speckle reduction, and tissue aberration correction. The functions and parameters proposed for evaluating image quality are: grayscale mapping function, image contrast, contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), and high‐contrast spatial resolution. We present our computer‐based methods for evaluating image quality of these modes with a number of probe and scanner combinations, which were employed to image targets in ultrasound phantoms. The functions and parameters here proposed in image quality performance evaluation are: grayscale mapping function, image contrast, CNR, and high‐contrast spatial resolution. We show that these quantities could be useful in developing standardized methods for evaluating the advanced ultrasound imaging modes, especially when the advanced mode resulted in subtle visual differences.
Peptide‐Mediated Liposome Fusion as a Tool for the Detection of Matrix Metalloproteinases
Authors: Mazur Federico , Chandrawati Rona 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBiological cells continue to inspire the development of technologies toward rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of analytes. Membrane fusion is a key biological event in living cells that involves a highly selective recognition mechanism controlled by different functional proteins. Herein, liposome–liposome fusion mediated by coiled‐coil forming peptides JR2EC and JR2KC to mimic biological membrane fusion is reported. The liposome fusion event is monitored through fluorescence generation and this mechanism forms the basis of a detection assay for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are key homeostatic proteases. Using this approach, a limit of detection of 0.35 µg mL−1 MMP‐7 in biological samples is obtained, and this assay does not require washing, separation, or amplification steps. The developed tool could be extended for the detection of other proteolytic enzymes of the MMP family (diagnostic or prognostic markers) and has the potential for screening of peptide libraries against a target of interest.
Tuning a Binary Ferromagnet into a Multistate Synapse with Spin–Orbit‐Torque‐Induced Plasticity
Authors: Cao Yi , Rushforth AndrewW. , Sheng Yu , Zheng Houzhi , Wang Kaiyou 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFerromagnets with binary states are limited for applications as artificial synapses for neuromorphic computing. Here, it is shown how synaptic plasticity of a perpendicular ferromagnetic layer (FM1) can be obtained when it is interlayer exchange‐coupled by another in‐plane ferromagnetic layer (FM2), where a magnetic field‐free current‐driven multistate magnetization switching of FM1 in the Pt/FM1/Ta/FM2 structure is induced by spin–orbit torque. Current pulses are used to set the perpendicular magnetization state, which acts as the synapse weight, and spintronic implementation of the excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and spike timing‐dependent plasticity are demonstrated. This functionality is made possible by the action of the in‐plane interlayer exchange coupling field which leads to broadened, multistate magnetic reversal characteristics. Numerical simulations, combined with investigations of a reference sample with a single perpendicular magnetized Pt/FM1/Ta structure, reveal that the broadening is due to the in‐plane field component tuning the efficiency of the spin–orbit torque to drive domain walls across a landscape of varying pinning potentials. The conventionally binary FM1 inside the Pt/FM1/Ta/FM2 structure with an inherent in‐plane coupling field is therefore tuned into a multistate perpendicular ferromagnet and represents a synaptic emulator for neuromorphic computing, demonstrating a significant pathway toward a combination of spintronics and synaptic electronics.
Mini‐Generator Based on Reciprocating Vertical Motions Driven by Intracorporeal Energy
Authors: Zhang Lina , Cheng Mengjiao , Luo He , Zhang Haibo , Ju Guannan , Liu Peng , Zhou Yifeng , Shi Feng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMost implantable devices rely on a power supply from batteries and require replacement surgeries once the batteries run low. Mini‐generators that harvest intracorporeal energy available in the human body are promising replacements of batteries and prolong the lifetime of implantable devices, thus reducing surgery pain, risks, and cost. Although various sources of energy available in the human body are used for electricity generation using piezoelectric and triboelectric materials or intravascular turbines, concerns about material durability or thrombus risks remain, and developing novel strategies to fabricate a mini‐generator to harvest the intracorporeal energy is still challenging. Herein, a mini‐generator system is designed by exporting the systolic/diastolic blood pressure from the femoral artery of a sheep to trigger the pressure‐responsive reciprocating vertical motions of a conductor. By applying a magnetic field, an induced voltage of 0.32 V and a stable output power of 13.86 µW are obtained, which is promising to power a state‐of‐the‐art pacemaker (8–10 µW). The noncontact electricity generation strategy provides a novel avenue to sustainable power supply for implantable devices.
Band Structure Engineering of Interfacial Semiconductors Based on Atomically Thin Lead Iodide Crystals
Authors: Sun Yan , Zhou Zishu , Huang Zhen , Wu Jiangbin , Zhou Liujiang , Cheng Yang , Liu Jinqiu , Zhu Chao , Yu Maotao , Yu Peng , Zhu Wei , Liu Yue , Zhou Jian , Liu Bowen , Xie Hongguang , Cao Yi , Li Hai , Wang Xinran , Liu Kaihui , Wang Xiaoyong , Wang Jianpu , Wang Lin , Huang Wei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo explore new constituents in two‐dimensional (2D) materials and to combine their best in van der Waals heterostructures is in great demand as being a unique platform to discover new physical phenomena and to design novel functionalities in interface‐based devices. Herein, PbI2 crystals as thin as a few layers are synthesized, particularly through a facile low‐temperature solution approach with crystals of large size, regular shape, different thicknesses, and high yields. As a prototypical demonstration of band engineering of PbI2‐based interfacial semiconductors, PbI2 crystals are assembled with several transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. The photoluminescence of MoS2 is enhanced in MoS2/PbI2 stacks, while a dramatic photoluminescence quenching of  WS2 and WSe2 is revealed in WS2/PbI2 and WSe2/PbI2 stacks. This is attributed to the effective heterojunction formation between PbI2 and these monolayers; type I band alignment in MoS2/PbI2 stacks, where fast‐transferred charge carriers accumulate in MoS2 with high emission efficiency, results in photoluminescence enhancement, and type II in WS2/PbI2 and WSe2/PbI2 stacks, with separated electrons and holes suitable for light harvesting, results in photoluminescence quenching. The results demonstrate that MoS2, WS2, and WSe2 monolayers with similar electronic structures show completely distinct light–matter interactions when interfacing with PbI2, providing unprecedented capabilities to engineer the device performance of 2D heterostructures.
Amino Acid Immobilization of Copper Surface Diffusion on Cu(111)
Authors: Guisinger Nathan P. , Mannix Andrew J. , Rankin Rees B. , Kiraly Brian , Phillips Jesse A. , Darling Seth B. , Fisher Brandon L. , Hersam Mark C. , Iski Erin V. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSurface diffusion and molecular self‐assembly are two critically important processes in chemistry and nature. Amino acids deposited on a Cu(111) surface driving a separation at the 2D limit between self‐assembling molecules and diffusing copper atoms is reported. Since the self‐assembling amino acids prefer non‐planar, tridentate bonding with neighboring adatoms, they attach to and immobilize diffusing copper adatoms on the surface. This chemical interaction freezes out the copper diffusion causing the condensation of “solid” copper adatom islands on the surface. Such separation and immobilization are observed for eight different amino acids, suggesting the generality of this phenomenon beyond a single amino acid species. Furthermore, at elevated temperatures, a disruption of the prototypical Ostwald ripening of adatom islands is also observed. These results provide fundamental insight into chiral molecular self‐assembly and its interplay with metal atom surface diffusion.
Highly Efficient, Flexible Wireless‐Powered Circuit Printed on a Moist, Soft Contact Lens
Authors: Takamatsu Taiki , Chen Yunhan , Yoshimasu Toshihiko , Nishizawa Matsuhiko , Miyake Takeo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractContact lens with built‐in electronics is a next‐generation wearable product with potential applications such as biomedical sensing and wearable displays. However, fabricating a wireless‐powered circuit on a moist, soft contact lens, via common dry lithography, makes producing smart contact lenses challenging. Here, electrochemically (EC) printing a wireless‐powered circuit onto a moist, soft contact lens is demonstrated. EC printing involves adding a conductive polymer at the interface between a metal contact and a hydrogel‐based contact lens, resulting in strong adhesion of the circuit to the lens without losing high power transfer efficiency (50%) from an eyeglass transmitter to the printed receiver lens. The energy transfer characteristics during eye movement are modeled using the Neumann equation and Kirchhoff's voltage law for wireless power transfer. The energy transfer efficiency between the eyeglass transmitter and the printed receiver lens is derived, and illumination of a wireless‐powered single light‐emitting diode display as a function of eye rotation angle is demonstrated. This work opens the door to integrating more complex circuits at soft contact lens interface to produce smart contact lens with increased functionality.
Hollow Carbon Spheres and Their Hybrid Nanomaterials in Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhang Liuyang , Cheng Bei , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage is of extraordinary importance for fulfilling the utilization of renewable and sustainable energy sources. There is an increasing demand for energy storage devices with high energy and power densities, prolonged stability, safety, and low cost. In the past decade, numerous research efforts have been devoted to achieving these requirements, especially in the design of advanced electrode materials. Hollow carbon spheres (HCS) derived nanomaterials combining the advantages of 3D HCS and porous structures have been considered as alternative electrode materials for advanced energy storage applications, due to their unique features such as high surface‐to‐volume ratios, encapsulation capability, together with outstanding chemical and thermal stability. In this review, the authors first present a comprehensive overview of the synthetic strategies of HCS, and elucidate the design and synthesis of HCS‐derived nanomaterials including various types of HCS and their nanohybrids. Additionally, their significant roles as electrode materials for supercapacitors, lithium‐ion or sodium‐ion batteries, and sulfur hosts for lithium sulfur batteries are highlighted. Finally, current challenges in the synthesis of HCS and future directions in HCS‐derived nanomaterials for energy storage applications are proposed.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of soybean nodules provides an update on vascular structure
Authors: Livingston David , Tuong Tan , Nogueira Marco , Sinclair Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Premise of the StudyIn many cases, the functioning of a biological system cannot be correctly understood if its physical anatomy is incorrectly described. Accurate knowledge of the anatomy of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] nodules and its connection with the root vasculature is important for understanding its function in supplying the plant with nitrogenous compounds. Previous two‐dimensional anatomical observations of soybean nodules led to the assumption that vascular bundles terminate within the cortex of the nodule and that a single vascular bundle connects the nodule to the root. We wanted to see whether these anatomical assumptions would be verified by digitally reconstructing soybean nodules in three dimensions.MethodsNodules were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 15 μm thick sections. Over 200 serial sections were stained with safranin and fast green, and then photographed using light microscopy. Images were digitally cleared, aligned, and assembled into a three‐dimensional (3D) volume using the Adobe program After Effects.Key ResultsIn many cases, vascular bundles had a continuous connection around the nodules. The 3D reconstruction also revealed a dual vascular connection originating in the nodule and leading to the root in 22 of the 24 nodules. Of the 22 dual connections, 11 maintained two separate vascular bundles into the root with independent connections to the root vasculature.ConclusionsA more robust and complex anatomical pathway for vascular transport between nodules and root xylem in soybean plants is indicated by these observations and will contribute to a better understanding of the symbiotic relationship between soybean plants and nitrogen‐fixing bacteria within the nodules.