bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El dibujo como primera escritura del niño
Authors: Vargas León Mª Del Rosario 
Published: July 2019

En el siguiente trabajo, se aborda un aspecto muy poco tomado en cuenta en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura, como lo es la simbolización gráfica o dibujo del niño.
Diversas investigaciones a nivel internacional y nacional demuestran que el dibujo por ser un componente de la génesis del niño, se constituye en un aspecto medular en la construcción que él realiza de su lectura y escritura inicial.
El niño puede convertir el dibujo en un sistema de comunicación muy efectivo. El proceso creativo que lo lleva a enfrentar constantemente conflictos cognitivos para inventar y reinventar formas de expresión cada vez más comunicativas lo irá preparando para entender y comprender mejor el sistema alfabético convencional que su medio cultural y social le impone.
La experiencia realizada en dos escuelas costarricenses, desde el Proyecto de Extensión Implementación de una didáctica constructivista en los procesos iniciales de la lectura y escritura, de la División de educación Básica del CIDE, de la Universidad Nacional, ha demostrado que al tomar en cuenta la génesis de la construcción del conocimiento del niño, respeta y promueve sus formas de expresión simbólica hace el aprendizaje de la lectura y escritura sea más significativo para el niño.
Ecomuseo: una propuesta metodológica
Authors: Miranda Calderón Alfredo , Alpízar Barrantes Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

Este documento forma parte de un proyecto que pretende facilitar la meditación pedagógica de quienes enseñamos y aprendemos en escuelas unidocentes. Está dirigido a los maestros y maestras que por la localización y características de sus escuelas, deben compartir espacios que integran diversas edades, intereses y niveles académicos.
Para su elaboración se han tomado en cuenta las necesidades reales de los docentes así como la opinión de estudiantes de escuelas unidocentes.
El diseño de cada una de las actividades que comprende esta propuesta propicia el aprendizaje pertinente en un contexto natural, ya que toma en cuenta todos los elementos con que disponen los centros educativos de estas zonas. Asimismo las experiencias que se desarrollen incluyen la observación, la investigación y desarrollo de habilidades y destrezas.
Todas las actividades que a continuación sugerimos constituyen un medio para que los docentes que imparten varios grados simultáneamente introduzcan gradual e integralmente a sus estudiantes al conocimiento, comprensión y valoración de su contexto natural.
Responsibility centres in the system of controlling
Authors: Tamulevičienė Daiva 
Published: July 2019

Controlling is the new concept of modern management based on planning, control, accountability, and coordinate and consultative activity. One of the essential conditions of the installation of controlling is decentralization of management. The information in the system of controlling is accumulated and analysed not at the level of the whole company, but at the separate segments called as responsibility centres. The aim of the article is to examine the significance of the responsibility centres in the system of controlling and to propose the methodology of responsibility centres establishment and evaluation of theirs activity.
The responsibility centre might be a division of the company or some segment of activity or geography. Depending on what responsibility centres would be created in the company, that would have an effect on efficiency of the controlling system‘s behaviour. Although there exist many different features of the classification of responsibility centres, it is appropriate, in the companies‘ practice, to make responsibility centres in accordance with the fields of activity: cost, revenue, profit and investment centres. It is appropriate to make and install the system of responsibility centres and internal reporting by suggested sequence of four stages: organizational structure diagnostics; establishment of responsibility centres; establishment of internal reporting by the responsibility centres and establishment of the system of evaluation of the responsibility centres activity and motivation of employees.
The purpose of responsibility centres and installation of responsibility accounting in the controlling system is to ensure an efficient behaviour of the organization and the maximization of its results both in short-term and in long-term perspective. The only way to reach the purpose is by evaluating the input of each responsibility centre‘s to the overall result. The controlling service‘s task is to solve all the problems that occur in practice when establishing the responsibility centres and the reporting of responsibility centres and to select such indicators of the evaluation of each centre that would reflect the connection of activity of corresponding centre‘s employees and their achievements to the goals of organization in the best possible way.
Sex differences in cardiovascular responses to orthostatic challenge in healthy older persons: A pilot study
Authors: Sachse C , Trozic I , Brix B , Roessler A , Goswami N 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundPremenopausal women show a higher incidence of orthostatic hypotension than age-matched men, but there are limited data available on sex differences in cardiovascular responses to orthostatic challenge in healthy older persons. We investigated sex differences in hemodynamic and autonomic responses to orthostatic challenge in healthy older males and females.Materials and methodsFourteen older healthy women and 10 age-matched men performed a sit-to-stand test (5 min of sitting followed by 5 min of standing). A Task Force®Monitor continuously measured the following beat-to-beat hemodynamic parameters: heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, stroke index, cardiac index, and total peripheral resistance index. Cardiac autonomic activity, low-frequency (LF: 0.04–0.15 Hz) normalized (LFnuRRI) and high-frequency (HF: 0.15–0.4 Hz) normalized (HFnuRRI) components, and the ratio between LF and HF power (LF/HF) were calculated using power spectral analysis of heart rate variability.ResultsAcross all hemodynamic parameters, there were no significant differences between the sexes at baseline and during standing. LFnuRRI (median: 70.2 vs. 52.3,p < 0.05) and LF/HF ratio (median: 2.4 vs. 1.1,p < 0.05) were significantly higher, whereas HFnuRRI (median: 29.8 vs. 47.7,p < 0.05) was lower among women at baseline. All other heart rate variability measures did not differ between the sexes.ConclusionsThe data indicate that older women showed higher sympathetic and lower parasympathetic activity at rest compared to age-matched men. These results are contradictory to the observations from previous studies, which showed a reduced sympathetic and enhanced parasympathetic activity in women in all ages. Further studies are required to determine the underlying mechanisms contributing to higher incidence of orthostatic hypotension in older females.
STRATEGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MELALUI PEMECAHAN MASALAH POLYA
Authors: Desyawati Widza Nhurul 
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena yang terjadi di SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Cibiru Kota Bandung bahwa di sekolah tersebut kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa masih rendah, dikarenakan kurangnya keinginan siswa untuk bertanya kepada guru kemudian masih banyak siswa yang hanya menerima materi yang diajarkan tanpa menelaah lebih dalam dan berkelanjutan serta kurangnya keberanian siswa untuk mengeluarkan pendapat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa pengaruh strategi pemecahan masalah Polya terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendididkan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode korelasi dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode ini dianggap mampu mengungkap dan menganalisis fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi pada masa sekarang dan masalah-masalah yang bersifat fakta dan mengungkapkannya secara apa adanya. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis parsial perindikator, uji normalitas, analisis regresi linier sederhana, analisis korelasi, analisis determinasi, dan analisis hipotesis (uji t parsial). Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh perhitungan statistikyang menunjukan realitas pengaruh strategi pemecahan masalah Polya terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa sebesar 0,976, nilai tersebut berada pada interval 0,80 – 1,00. Kemudian derajat pengaruh dari variabel X terhadap variabel Y sebesar 78 % sedangkan 22 % ditentukan atau dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa
Promoter Analysis and Transcriptional Profiling of Ginkgo biloba 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase (GbHMGR) gene in Abiotic Stress Responses
Authors: LIAO Yongling , XU Feng , HUANG Xiaohua , ZHANG Weiwei , CHENG Hua , LI Linling , CHENG Shuiyuan , SHEN Yongbao 
Published: July 2019

The terpene trilactones (TTLs) are believed to be important for the pharmacological properties of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is a critical enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway of TTLs. In this study, an 1.2-kb fragment of 5â€™ flanking region of the HMGR gene (GbHMGR), was isolated from G. biloba by genome walking. Extensive sequence analysis revealed the presence of evolutionarily conserved and over-represented putative cis-acting elements in light-regulated transcription, hormone signaling (gibberellic acid, jasmonate and salicylic acid), elicitor and stress responses (cold/dehydration responses), and plant defense signaling (W-box/WRKY) that are common to the promoter region of GbHMGR. EMSA analysis suggested possible functionality of W-box in GbHMGR promoter region. The behavior of gene transcripts in ginkgo callus upon light, low temperature, MeJA and SA treatments further verified the regulatory function of GbHMGR promoter. A significant positive relationship between gene expression level and total TTL contents suggested that GbHMGR might be one of key genes involved in TTL biosynthesis in G. biloba.
Molecular Role of Nitric Oxide in Secondary Products Production </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif"> in <i>Ginkgo biloba </i>Cell Suspension Culture
Authors: EL-BELTAGI Hossam Saad , AHMED Osama K. , HEGAZY Adel E. 
Published: July 2019

Effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; nitric oxide donor) treatment on the enhancement of secondary metabolites production, oxidative stress mediators (O2-.) accumulation and antioxidant defense enzymes of Ginkgo biloba callus culture was investigated. On one hand, the obtained data showed a highly metabolic modification of chemical constituents, PAL activity and various antioxidant defense enzymes (APX, SOD), which gradually increased in response to SNP treatments. On the other hands the high NO levels significantly increased the accumulation of various oxidative burst of O2-.. MS basal medium supplemented with casein hydrolase (500 mg/L), NAA and BA at equal concentration (0.5 mg/L) recorded the highest number of regenerated shoots (4.81 cm) and shoot height (4.96 cm) as well as root number (2.25 cm) and root length (4.5 cm). The highest survival (40 %) was shown in acclimatization on the mixture containing sand, peat moss and vermiculite (1: 1: 1, v/v/v), which significantly confirmed and reflected the variation in survival percentage. Meanwhile, higher treatment (500 μM) of NO positively enhanced secondary products accumulation of total tannins, saponins, phenols and total flavonoids in G. biloba callus
culture.
Contributions of Rare Gene Variants to Familial and Sporadic FSGS
Authors: Wang Minxian , Chun Justin , Genovese Giulio , Knob Andrea U. , Benjamin Ava , Wilkins Maris S. , Friedman David J. , Appel Gerald B. , Lifton Richard P. , Mane Shrikant , Pollak Martin R. 
Published: July 2019

Significance Statement
Despite many known monogenic causes of FSGS, single gene defects explain only 30% of cases. In this study, sequencing of 662 exomes from families with FSGS and 622 control exomes validated many known FSGS-causing genes. However, for some genes previously reported as FSGS related, they identified a number of purported “disease-causing” variants in controls at similar or higher frequencies. They also identified multiple additional candidate FSGS genes in which rare variants were more common among cases. Network analysis showed that their top-ranked genes were located significantly closer to known FSGS genes compared with a random gene set. These findings imply that genetic diagnosis in patients with FSGS is complicated by the nontrivial rate of variants in known FSGS genes among people without kidney disease.

Background
Over the past two decades, the importance of genetic factors in the development of FSGS has become increasingly clear. However, despite many known monogenic causes of FSGS, single gene defects explain only 30% of cases.

Methods
To investigate mutations underlying FSGS, we sequenced 662 whole exomes from individuals with sporadic or familial FSGS. After quality control, we analyzed the exome data from 363 unrelated family units with sporadic or familial FSGS and compared this to data from 363 ancestry-matched controls. We used rare variant burden tests to evaluate known disease-associated genes and potential new genes.

Results
We validated several FSGS-associated genes that show a marked enrichment of deleterious rare variants among the cases. However, for some genes previously reported as FSGS related, we identified rare variants at similar or higher frequencies in controls. After excluding such genes, 122 of 363 cases (33.6%) had rare variants in known disease-associated genes, but 30 of 363 controls (8.3%) also harbored rare variants that would be classified as “causal” if detected in cases; applying American College of Medical Genetics filtering guidelines (to reduce the rate of false-positive claims that a variant is disease related) yielded rates of 24.2% in cases and 5.5% in controls. Highly ranked new genes include SCAF1, SETD2, and LY9. Network analysis showed that top-ranked new genes were located closer than a random set of genes to known FSGS genes.

Conclusions
Although our analysis validated many known FSGS-causing genes, we detected a nontrivial number of purported “disease-causing” variants in controls, implying that filtering is inadequate to allow clinical diagnosis and decision making. Genetic diagnosis in patients with FSGS is complicated by the nontrivial rate of variants in known FSGS genes among people without kidney disease.
EMPODERAMENTO FEMININO EM BELÉM: ANÁLISE DAS NARRATIVAS PUBLICADAS NO PERFIL DO INSTAGRAM @GIRLPOWERBELEM
Authors: AZEVEDO Ana Paula De Mesquita , JARDIM Marília , COSTA Alda Cristina Silva da 
Published: July 2019

A vida social é marcada pelos diferentes tempos e movimentos culturais que presentes na sociedade, sendo um desses movimentos o feminismo que busca a igualdade entre homens e mulheres. Simmel discute, a partir da Sociologia Compreensiva que o todo deve ser tratado como sujeito da sociedade, sendo que esse grupo pode ser constituído por mulheres em busca de direitos iguais. No universo feminino, é possível perceber que se busca combater a legitimação de poder de uma sociedade machista e patriarcal, evidenciada pelos chamados meios de comunicação de massa. Entretanto, com a facilidade das novas tecnologias tem oportunizado espaço para o empoderamento feminino, principalmente em redes sociais online, como no perfil Grl Pwr Belém, na rede social online Instagram. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a força feminina em exposição no perfil @GrlPwrBelém (http://instagram.com/grlpwrbelem) por meio dos depoimentos publicados que apresentam relatos e opiniões sobre o feminismo. Foram escolhidos três depoimentos diferentes publicados no perfil e foi feita a análise narrativa dos textos. As redes sociais online têm dado voz e representação que os meios de comunicação de massa não oferecem, pois obedecem a um padrão e formam estereótipos dos demais. Os depoimentos compartilhados mostram a singularidade das pessoas a partir da aceitação do próprio corpo, sendo que é possível que outras pessoas se identifiquem com essas histórias. O presente trabalho buscou apresentar novas formas de empoderamento feminino exposto nas redes sociais online, como forma de ativismo político e reação contra os padrões impostos pelos meios de comunicação de massa.
A GERAÇÃO DO PEIXE FRITO E A EFÍGIE DE BELÉM DO PARÁ (OU ACADEMIA RIMA COM BOEMIA, FISIONOMIA E POESIA)
Authors: PEREIRA Carla Soares , SILVA Kátia Regina de Souza da , AMIN Vanda Do Socorro Furtado 
Published: July 2019

A presente pesquisa trata da Academia do Peixe Frito (APF), uma geração de poetas, artistas, jornalistas e outros intelectuais paraenses que, nas décadas de 1920 e 30, contribuíram para alavancar as letras amazônidas, fazendo literatura com dificuldade financeira e divulgando o Modernismo no Pará. Esses escritores eram boêmios e suas reuniões, informais que eram, ocorriam principalmente em bares da cidade de Belém. De cunho bibliográfico, esta investigação baseou-se nos escritos de Bolle (2000) acerca da fisionomia da cidade; de Figueiredo (2001), sobre a história literária do Pará; de Larêdo (2012) e Nunes e Costa (2016), a respeito da APF, dentre outros. Este é um texto, portanto, que compila informações sobre os locais de reunião dos membros da APF. A partir dos dados levantados, elaboramos um mapa que pontua os principais locais de encontro do grupo. Defendemos a tese de que a obra desses autores reflete múltiplas imagens da cidade e esta é refletida na vivência dos intelectuais, que, íntimos dela, perscrutam-na nas suas andanças e a enxergam na perspectiva das suas contradições.
Microencapsulation of probiotics and its applications with prebiotic in Pacific white shrimp larvae through Artemia sp.
Authors: Ramadhani Dian Eka , Widanarni Widanarni , Sukenda Sukenda 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to produce microencapsulated probiotic Pseudoalteromonas piscicida (1Ub) and evaluate it with preb­iotic mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) through the enrichment of Artemia sp., on bacterial population, growth performances, immune responses, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp larvae. Microencapsulation of probiotic was done by the freeze-drying method. The shrimp larvae were reared for 13 days and fed by the Artemia sp. enriched with microcapsule of probiotic 1Ub (10 g/L), prebiotic MOS (12 mg/L), synbiotic, and control without administration of microencapsulated probiotic and prebiotic, including negative (C-) and positive (C+) control. On the day 14, all of the experimental shrimp larvae except C- were challenged through immersion method with Vibrio harveyi MR5339 (107 CFU/mL). This study showed that the administration of microcapsule of probiotic 1Ub, prebiotic MOS, and synbiotic through the enrichment of Artemia sp. could increase the bacteria population, growth performances, immune responses, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp larvae. Moreover, synbiotic treatment demonstrated the best result compared to other treatments.Keywords: probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, Pacific white shrimp, microencapsulation ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat mikrokapsul probiotik Pseudoalteromonas piscicida (1Ub) dan mengevaluasinya dengan prebiotik mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) melalui pengayaan Artemia sp. terhadap populasi bakteri, performa pertumbuhan, respons imun dan resistensi penyakit pada larva udang vaname. Mikroenkapsulasi probiotik dilakukan dengan metode freeze-drying. Larva udang dipelihara selama 13 hari dan diberi pakan Artemia sp. yang telah diperkaya dengan mikrokapsul probiotik 1Ub (10 g/L), prebiotik MOS (12 mg/L), sinbiotik, dan kontrol tanpa penambahan mikrokapsul probiotik dan prebiotik, termasuk kontrol negatif (C-) dan positif (C+). Pada hari ke-14, seluruh larva udang percobaan kecuali C- diuji tantang melalui metode perendaman dengan Vibrio harveyi MR5339 (107 CFU/mL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian mikrokapsul probiotik 1Ub, prebiotik MOS, dan sinbiotik melalui pengayaan Artemia sp. dapat meningkatkan populasi bakteri, performa pertumbuhan, respons imun, dan resistensi penyakit pada larva udang vaname. Selain itu, perlakuan sinbiotik menunjukkan hasil terbaik dibandingkan perlakukan lainnya.Kata kunci : probiotik, prebiotik, sinbiotik, udang vaname, mikroenkapsulasi
Relative Average Deviation as Measure of Robustness in the Stochastic Project Scheduling Problem
Authors: Ortiz-Pimiento Néstor Raúl , Díaz-Serna Francisco Javier 
Published: July 2019

In the Project Scheduling Problem (PSP), the solution robustness can be understood as the capacity that a baseline has to support the disruptions generated by unplanned events (risks). A robust baseline of the project can be obtained from redundancy based methods, which are considered proactive methods to solve the stochastic project scheduling problem. In this research, three redundancy based methods are evaluated and their performance is compared in terms of robustness. These methods add extra time to the original activities duration in order to face the eventualities that may appear during the project execution. In this article a new indicator to analyze the solution robustness to the Project Scheduling Problem with random duration of activities is proposed. This indicator called Relative Average Deviation (RAD) is defined as the margin of deviation of the activities’ start times in relation to their durations. The RAD is based in a traditional concept that seeks to minimize the value of the differences between the planned start times and the real executed start times. The planned start times were obtained from the project baseline generated by each redundancy based method and the real executed start times were obtained from a simulation process based on Monte Carlo technique. The new indicator was used to evaluate the robustness of three baselines generated by different methods but applied to the same case study. Finally, the results suggest that the Relative Average Deviation (RAD) facilitates the interpretation of the robustness concept because it focuses on analyzing the deviation margin associated with an activity.
Carga económica de la varicela en niños en Perú, entre 2011 y 2016
Authors: Castillo María Esther , Gutierrez Raul , Petrozzi Veronica , Monsanto Homero , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Altland Alexandra , Wolfson Lara J. , Peru Study Group MARVEL 
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Describir las complicaciones mas frecuentes y la carga económica asociada con la varicela en el Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico de revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes de 1 a 14 años con diagnóstico de varicela entre 2011 y 2016. El uso de recursos de atención médica (URAM) asociados con la varicela, los costos unitarios y la pérdida de trabajo se utilizaron para estimar los costos directos e indirectos, presentados en USD ($). Los datos de costos y URAM se combinaron con estimaciones de carga de enfermedad para calcular el costo total anual de la varicela en el Perú. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 179 niños con varicela (101 ambulatorios, 78 hospitalizados). Entre los pacientes ambulatorios, el 5,9 % presentó una o más complicaciones, en comparación con 96,2 % de pacientes hospitalizados. El URAM incluyó el uso de medicamentos de venta libre (72,3 % frente a 89,7 % de pacientes ambulatorios y hospitalizados, respectivamente), medicamentos con receta (30,7 % frente a 94,9 %) y análisis y procedimientos (0,0 % frente a 80,8 %). Los costos directos e indirectos por caso ambulatorio fueron $36 y $62 respectivamente y por caso hospitalizado fueron $548 y $222. El costo anual total asociado con la varicela se estimó en $13 907 146. Conclusión: La varicela está asociada con complicaciones clínicas importantes y elevado URAM en Perú, lo que respalda la necesidad de implementación de un plan de vacunación universal.