bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric melanoma: Characterizing 256 cases from the Colorado Central Cancer Registry
Authors: Kalani Nazanin , Guidry Jacqueline A. , Farahi Jessica M. , Stewart Stephanie B. , Dellavalle Robert P. , Dunnick Cory A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma is a rare diagnosis in the pediatric population. Differences in incidence, presentation, and survival distinguish pediatric melanoma from adult melanoma. In order to improve our understanding of pediatric melanoma, our case series investigates differences in incidence, age of onset, and anatomic site between male and female pediatric melanoma patients in Colorado between 1988 and 2015.MethodsAll data were gathered from the Colorado Central Cancer Registry. A request for de‐identified data on pediatric melanoma patients between 1988 and 2015 was made by the University of Colorado Department of Dermatology. Chi‐square tests were used to compare the differences reported in melanoma between sex, age‐groups, and site of lesion.ResultsA total of 256 cases of melanoma were reported in Colorado in patients < 20 years of age between 1988 and 2015. Overall incidence of pediatric melanoma in Colorado increased from 1988 to 1999 but declined from 2001 to 2011. There was a significant predominance of female cases in the 10‐14 age‐group (P = 0.0477) and 15‐19 age‐group (P = 0.0472). Both groups had increased incidence of melanoma with increasing age. The mean age of onset for both sexes was 16 years old. Boys were more likely to have melanoma of the scalp and neck (P = 0.0523) and less likely to have melanoma of the leg (P = 0.0049).ConclusionAmong the pediatric population, girls 10‐14 and 15‐19 years old are at a significantly increased risk of melanoma compared to boys in these age‐groups. Our study found sex‐specific differences in anatomic site consistent with prior literature. Further investigations should aim to identify causes for these sex‐specific differences in order to better guide public health initiatives.
Outcomes of surgical treatment for hemangiomas
Authors: Cheng Jeffrey , Liu Beiyu , Lee Hui‐Jie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify complications and rates of adverse events associated with surgical excision of hemangiomas in children using a national surgical database.Data sourcePediatric American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program® (ACS NSQIP®‐pediatric), years 2012‐2016.MethodsSubjects included children under 18 years with a postoperative diagnosis of International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th revision code: 228.00 and 228.01, or ICD 10 codes D18.00 and D18.01—hemangioma, any site and hemangioma, of skin and subcutaneous tissue.ResultsA total of 1180 patients were included. The median age was 3.2 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.2 to 6.4 years old). No occurrences of deep incisional surgical site infection, nerve injury, mortality, sepsis, septic shock, or blood stream infections were noted. In multivariate analysis, age ≤ 3 years and advanced American Society of Anesthesiologists class were significant predictors of adverse events (P = 0.035 and 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsFor children with infantile hemangioma who fail to respond or have an incomplete response to medical therapy, surgical resection may be a relatively safe treatment alternative. Children older than 3 years of age with hemangiomas had less surgical adverse events than younger children. Overall, however, the surgical complications rates were low and deemed relatively minor.
CEDNIK syndrome in an Indian patient with a novel mutation of the SNAP29 gene
Authors: Poojary Shital , Shah Kapisha S. , Bhalala Krishna B. , Hegde Anaita Udwadia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCEDNIK (CErebral Dysgenesis, Neuropathy, Ichthyosis, and Keratoderma) syndrome is a neuroichthyotic syndrome characterized by a constellation of clinical features including severe developmental retardation, microcephaly, and facial dysmorphism. Here, we report the first case of CEDNIK syndrome from India presenting with characteristic clinical features and harboring a novel mutation of SNAP29 gene.
Identification and characterization of Botrytis medusae, a novel cryptic species causing grey mould on wine grapes in Australia
Authors: Harper L. A. , Derbyshire M. C. , Lopez‐Ruiz F. J. 
Published: February 2019

In a collection of 735 Botrytis isolates sampled from Australian wine grape‐growing regions, a single isolate from clade I and group I (based on Bc‐hch RFLP analysis) was found. As many Botrytis species are known to live sympatrically, it was hypothesized that this isolate might be a new Botrytis species. After phenotypic and molecular assays supported this hypothesis, the species was designated B. medusae. Phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear genes G3PDH, HSP60, RPB2, NEP1 and NEP2 consistently placed B. medusae in an early‐diverging clade I Botrytis spp. lineage. Botrytis medusae produced white aerial mycelium, grew faster at 30 °C and produced long‐branched conidiophore extensions, compared with B. cinerea and B. pseudocinerea. Botrytis medusae was only able to infect wounded grape leaves and was significantly less virulent on wounded leaves and berries than B. cinerea. Botrytis medusae also lacked villiform appendages on the conidial surface and long conidiophores, which are defining features of B. sinoviticola and B. californica, respectively. Identification and characterization of new cryptic Botrytis species living in sympatry on grapevines could potentially provide information to assist disease management strategies for B. cinerea.
Structural isomers of the S2 state in photosystem II: do they exist at room temperature and are they important for function?
Authors: Chatterjee Ruchira , Lassalle Louise , Gul Sheraz , Fuller Franklin D. , Young Iris D. , Ibrahim Mohamed , de Lichtenberg Casper , Cheah Mun Hon , Zouni Athina , Messinger Johannes , Yachandra Vittal K. , Kern Jan , Yano Junko 
Published: February 2019

In nature, an oxo‐bridged Mn4CaO5 cluster embedded in photosystem II (PSII), a membrane‐bound multi‐subunit pigment protein complex, catalyzes the water oxidation reaction that is driven by light‐induced charge separations in the reaction center of PSII. The Mn4CaO5 cluster accumulates four oxidizing equivalents to enable the four‐electron four‐proton catalysis of two water molecules to one dioxygen molecule and cycles through five intermediate S‐states, S0 – S4 in the Kok cycle. One important question related to the catalytic mechanism of the oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) that remains is, whether structural isomers are present in some of the intermediate S‐states and if such equilibria are essential for the mechanism of the O‐O bond formation. Here we compare results from electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) obtained at cryogenic temperatures for the S2 state of PSII with structural data collected of the S1, S2 and S3 states by serial crystallography at neutral pH (∼6.5) using an X‐ray free electron laser at room temperature. While the cryogenic data show the presence of at least two structural forms of the S2 state, the room temperature crystallography data can be well‐described by just one S2 structure. We discuss the deviating results and outline experimental strategies for clarifying this mechanistically important question.
An argument for context‐driven intersectionality
Authors: McKinzie Ashleigh E. , Richards Patricia L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe concept of intersectionality has fundamentally changed feminist theorizing and the study of women and gender. However, intersectional research, theorizing, and practice also have been subject to important critiques. This article provides a brief genealogy of intersectionality and summarizes major critiques. We recognize value in these critiques as well as the ongoing power of an intersectional lens. We therefore advocate what we call “context‐driven intersectionality,” arguing that attention to the historical, political, economic, and social factors that shape power relationships and social structures is critical to conducting robust intersectional analyses that avoid reification of social categories and inequalities.
Viral inactivation of human platelet lysate by gamma irradiation preserves its optimal efficiency in the expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Viau Sabrina , Eap Sandy , Chabrand Lucie , Lagrange Anaïs , Delorme Bruno 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUNDHuman platelet lysate (hPL) represents a powerful medium supplement for human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) expansion. The recently published general chapters of the Pharmacopeia require the addition of a step of viral inactivation during the production process of such raw biological material used for cell‐based medicinal products.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe ability of gamma irradiation to inactivate viruses from a panel representative of the virus diversity was evaluated. The impact of gamma irradiation on hPL composition and efficiency as a supplement for hMSC culture was evaluated.RESULTSAn efficient inactivation of all the viruses tested was demonstrated, with the minimum reduction factors obtained being superior to 4.5 log10 for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) and superior to 5 log10 for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV). The gamma irradiation did not affect the content in interesting biochemical factors for cell culture or in growth factors (GF), except to basic fibroblast GF (bFGF) whereas it highly impacted the contents in the factors involved in the coagulation cascade. Finally, gamma irradiated hPL remained as efficient as non‐irradiated hPL for the proliferation, clonogenic potential, differentiation potential, and immunosuppressive properties of hMSCs.CONCLUSIONThe feasibility of using gamma irradiation to efficiently inactivate viruses in hPL while maintaining its optimal efficacy as a supplement for hMSC expansion was demonstrated. Such an inactivated hPL represents a very attractive raw material for the efficient production of safe cellular therapy products.
Choreographed entanglement dances: Topological states of quantum matter
Authors: Wen Xiao-Gang 
Published: February 2019

A topological paradigm shift
The discovery of topological phases of matter forced condensed matter physicists to question and reexamine some of the basic notions of their discipline. Wen reviews the progress of the field that took a sharp turn from Landau's broken symmetry paradigm to arrive at the modern notions of topological order and quantum entanglement in many-body systems. This development was made possible by using increasingly sophisticated mathematical formalisms.

Science
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Cardiac arrest with pulseless electrical activity rhythm in newborn infants: a case series
Authors: Luong Deandra , Cheung Po-Yin , Barrington Keith J , Davis Peter G , Unrau Jennifer , Dakshinamurti Shyamala , Schmölzer Georg M 
Published: February 2019

The 2015 neonatal resuscitation guidelines added ECG to assess an infant’s heart rate when determining the need for resuscitation at birth. However, a recent case report raised concerns about this technique in the delivery room. We report four cases of pulseless electrical activity during neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in levels II–III neonatal intensive care units in Canada (Edmonton [n=3] and Winnipeg [n=1]).Healthcare providers should be aware that pulseless electrical activity can occur in newborn infants during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We propose an adapted neonatal resuscitation algorithm to include pulseless electrical activity. Furthermore, in compromised newborns, heart rate should be assessed using a combination of methods/techniques to ensure accurate heart rate assessment. When ECG displays a heart rate but the infant is unresponsive, pulseless electrical activity should be suspected and chest compression should be started.
Dose-response associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause mortality and incidence and mortality of cancer and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases: the UK Biobank cohort study
Authors: Steell Lewis , Ho Frederick K , Sillars Anne , Petermann-Rocha Fanny , Li Hiu , Lyall Donald M , Iliodromiti Stamatina , Welsh Paul , Anderson Jana , MacKay Daniel F , Pell Jill P , Sattar Naveed , Gill Jason MR , Gray Stuart Robert , Celis-Morales Carlos A 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer mortality and incidence.DesignProspective population-based study.SettingUK Biobank.ParticipantsOf the 5 02 628 (5.5% response rate) participants recruited by UK Biobank, we included 73 259 (14.6%) participants with available data in this analysis. Of these, 1374 participants died and 4210 developed circulatory diseases, 1293 respiratory diseases and 4281 cancer, over a median of 5.0 years (IQR 4.3–5.7) follow-up.Main outcome measuresAll-cause mortality and circulatory disease, respiratory disease, COPD and cancer (such as colorectal, lung, breast and prostate) mortality/incidence. Fitness was estimated using a submaximal cycle ergometer test.ResultsThe HR for all-cause mortality for each metabolic equivalent of task (MET) higher fitness was 0.96 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.98). Similar results were observed for incident circulatory disease (HR 0.96 [0.95 to 0.97]), respiratory disease (HR 0.96 [0.94 to 0.98]), COPD (HR 0.90 [0.86 to 0.95) and colorectal cancer (HR 0.96 [0.92 to 1.00]). Nonlinear analysis revealed that a high level of fitness (>10METs) was associated with a greater incidence of atrial fibrillation (HR 1.24 [1.07 to 1.44]) and prostate cancer (HR 1.16 [1.02 to 1.32]) compared with average fitness. All results were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary factors, body composition, and morbidity at baseline and excluded events in the first 2 years of follow-up.ConclusionsHigher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower risk of premature mortality and incidence of CVD, respiratory disease and colorectal cancer.
Identifying the risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a large cross-sectional study of six hospitals
Authors: Letica-Kriegel Allison S , Salmasian Hojjat , Vawdrey David K , Youngerman Brett E , Green Robert A , Furuya E Yoko , Calfee David P , Perotte Rimma 
Published: February 2019

MotivationCatheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are a common and serious healthcare-associated infection. Despite many efforts to reduce the occurrence of CAUTI, there remains a gap in the literature about CAUTI risk factors, especially pertaining to the effect of catheter dwell-time on CAUTI development and patient comorbidities.ObjectiveTo examine how the risk for CAUTI changes over time. Additionally, to assess whether time from catheter insertion to CAUTI event varied according to risk factors such as age, sex, patient type (surgical vs medical) and comorbidities.DesignRetrospective cohort study of all patients who were catheterised from 2012 to 2016, including those who did and did not develop CAUTIs. Both paediatric and adult patients were included. Indwelling urinary catheterisation is the exposure variable. The variable is interval, as all participants were exposed but for different lengths of time.SettingUrban academic health system of over 2500 beds. The system encompasses two large academic medical centres, two community hospitals and a paediatric hospital.ResultsThe study population was 47 926 patients who had 61 047 catheterisations, of which 861 (1.41%) resulted in a CAUTI. CAUTI rates were found to increase non-linearly for each additional day of catheterisation; CAUTI-free survival was 97.3% (CI: 97.1 to 97.6) at 10 days, 88.2% (CI: 86.9 to 89.5) at 30 days and 71.8% (CI: 66.3 to 77.8) at 60 days. This translated to an instantaneous HR of. 49%–1.65% in the 10–60 day time range. Paraplegia, cerebrovascular disease and female sex were found to statistically increase the chances of a CAUTI.ConclusionsUsing a very large data set, we demonstrated the incremental risk of CAUTI associated with each additional day of catheterisation, as well as the risk factors that increase the hazard for CAUTI. Special attention should be given to patients carrying these risk factors, for example, females or those with mobility issues.
Psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the short form of The Problem Areas in Diabetes scale (PAID-5): a validation study
Authors: Vislapuu Maarja , Broström Anders , Igland Jannicke , Vorderstrasse Allison , Iversen Marjolein M 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the psychometric properties of the short form of The Problem Areas in Diabetes scale (PAID-5) in Norwegian adult patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.DesignCross-sectional survey design.MethodsParticipants (n=143) were included from three Western-Norway endocrinology outpatient clinics. Demographic and clinical data were collected in addition to questionnaires concerning diabetes-related distress, fear of hypoglycaemia, symptoms of depression, emotional well-being and perception of general health. Psychometric evaluation of the PAID-5 included confirming its postulated one-factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and assessing convergent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The retest questionnaire was sent out 35±15 days after the initial assessment to those who agreed (n=117).ResultsThe CFA for the PAID-5 scale showed excellent one-factor structure, and there was high internal consistency (α=0.89) and good test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, ICC=0.81). The PAID-5 correlated positively with fear of hypoglycaemia (r=0.598) and depression (r=0.380) and negatively with emotional well-being (r=−0.363) and perception of general health (r=−0.420), thus satisfying convergent validity. Patients who had experienced episodes of serious hypoglycaemia in the past 6 months had a significantly higher PAID-5 mean score (7.5, SD=4.95) than those who had not had these episodes (5.0, SD=4.2 (p=0.043)).ConclusionThe Norwegian PAID-5 was shown to be a reliable and valid short questionnaire for assessing diabetes-related distress among people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. However, its ability to discriminate between groups needs to be tested further in larger samples. The PAID-5 scale can be a particularly valuable screening instrument in outpatient clinics, as its brevity makes it easy to use as a tool in patient-provider encounters. This short questionnaire is useful in the national diabetes registry or population cohort studies as it enables increased knowledge regarding the prevalence of diabetes-related distress.
Diabetes Prevalence Survey of Pakistan (DPS-PAK): prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes using HbA1c: a population-based survey from Pakistan
Authors: Aamir Azizul Hasan , Ul-Haq Zia , Mahar Saeed A , Qureshi Faisal Masood , Ahmad Ibrar , Jawa Ali , Sheikh Aisha , Raza Abbas , Fazid Sheraz , Jadoon Zahid , Ishtiaq Osama , Safdar Nauman , Afridi Hussain , Heald Adrian H 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesWe conducted a Pakistan-wide community-based survey on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as the screening test. The aim was to estimate diabetes prevalence across different demographic groups as well as all regions of Pakistan.Design, settings and participantsMultistaged stratified cluster sampling was used for the representative selection of people aged ≥20 years, residing in 378 sampled clusters of 16 randomly selected districts, in this cross-sectional study. Eligible participants had blood drawn for HbA1c analyses at field clinics near to their homes. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted on a subsample of the participants. Overall and stratified prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its association with risk factors were estimated using logistic regression models.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.ResultsOf 18 856 eligible participants the prevalence of prediabetes was 10.91% (95% CI 10.46 to 11.36, n=2057) and type 2 diabetes was 16.98% (95% CI 16.44 to 17.51, n=3201). Overall, the mean HbA1c level was 5.62% (SD 1.96), and among newly diagnosed was 8.56% (SD 2.08). The prevalence was highest in age 51–60 years (26.03%, p<0.001), no formal education (17.66%, p<0.001), class III obese (35.09%, p<0.001), family history (31.29%, p<0.001) and female (17.80%, p=0.009). On multivariate analysis, there was a significant association between type 2 diabetes and older age, increase in body mass index and central obesity, positive family history, and having hypertension and an inverse relation with education as a categorical variable. On a subsample (n=1027), summary statistics for diagnosis of diabetes on HbA1c showed a sensitivity of 84.7%, specificity of 87.2% and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.86, compared with OGTT.ConclusionsThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes is much higher than previously thought in Pakistan. Comprehensive strategies need to be developed to incorporate screening, prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes at a community level.
Evaluation of the implementation of a relationship and sexuality education project in Western Australian schools: protocol of a multiple, embedded case study
Authors: Burns Sharyn K , Hendriks Jacqueline , Mayberry Lorel , Duncan Scarlett , Lobo Roanna , Pelliccione Lina 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionThere is recognition of the importance of comprehensive relationships and sexuality education (RSE) throughout the school years worldwide. Interventions have found some positive outcomes; however, the need for a greater focus on positive sexuality and relevant contemporary issues has been identified by teachers and students. The Curtin RSE Project provides training for teachers and preservice teachers and supports schools through training and advice to implement comprehensive school health promotion (CSHP) focusing on RSE allowing schools to develop programmes relevant to their school community. To examine contemporary phenomenon within a real word context, a case study design will be used to measure implementation. This paper will describe the protocol for a multiple, embedded case study to measure the implementation of CSHP focusing on RSE in a purposive sample of Western Australian schools.Methods and analysisThis mixed methods study will include a multiple, embedded case study. Schools (n=3–4) will be purposively selected from within Western Australia based on their capacity to commit to implementing RSE as a case study school. Data will be collected from students (Grade 6 for primary school; Grades 7–12 for secondary school); teachers and other key staff and parents. Methods include school climate and school curriculum audits, documentation (collected with key staff at baseline and annually), interviews (parents and teachers at Year 2), focus groups (students at Year 2) and an online student survey (collected with students baseline and annually).Ethics and disseminationSchool principals will provide consent for school participation and staff and parents will provide individual consent. Student assent and parental consent will be obtained for student participants. Results will be disseminated through open-access reports, peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.