bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1082-P: Pediatric Basal Rate Assessment of CSII System Using a Newly Developed Kalman-Filter Based Measurement Method
Authors: GIRARDOT SYLVAIN , MOUSIN FLAVIEN , HARDY SÉBASTIEN , RIVELINE JEAN-PIERRE 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Insulin pump is nowadays one of the trendiest treatment for type 1 diabetes and is about to become one artificial pancreas (AP) major component.
Insulin pump accuracy and performances are essentials and have not been so much studied so far, especially for smallest basal rate used for pediatric treatment and gold-standard assessment method also appears limited.
Method: A leading edge assessment method based on a double measurement - direct mass flow meter and a time-stamped micro-gravimetric bench test - combined with a Kalman bayesian-based mathematical filter has been elaborated here and is proven to measure insulin pump delivering accuracy at the lowest limit of flow rate with a much better accuracy compared with previous methods.
Its advantages and performances are illustrated while assessing the delivery precision of an already-marketed insulin pump at several flow rate. Mean absolute relative dispersion (MARD) is used to indicate overall errors for each 15-minutes error dose of a 8-hours experiments.
Results: The new proposed methodology offers a double reading - volume and flow rate - within a much more timewise precise measurement (0.03Hz to 10Hz): direct instantaneous basal rate is displayed for the first time. Measurement accuracy is also considerably improved: pediatric basal rate is read with a 1.2%error instead of 15.3% error before. Accuracy is shown to be different regarding the flowrate value:Pump#1(2UI/h): MARD = 12.7%, Pump#1(0.5UI/h): MARD = 20.4%Pump#1(0.1UI/h): MARD = 65.7%
Conclusion: This innovative method to assess insulin pump administration highlights an imprecision of insulin delivery, especially for lowest basal rate as used in pediatric. Error identification might increase clinical impact and feed AP control algorithm while anticipating delivering errors.

Disclosure
S. Girardot: Employee; Self; Air Liquide. F. Mousin: Employee; Self; Air Liquide. S. Hardy: Employee; Self; Air Liquide. J. Riveline: Board Member; Self; Abbott, Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk Inc. Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. Research Support; Self; Air Liquide, Amgen Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Abbott, Lilly Diabetes, Sanofi.
1083-P: Comparison of Hyperglycemia Management Protocols in the ICU: Standard Protocol vs. Electronic Glycemic Management System
Authors: UMPIERREZ GUILLERMO E. , MESSLER JORDAN 
Published: June 2019

A variety of continuous insulin infusion (CII) algorithms are available to improve and maintain glycemic control in the ICU. In December of 2016, our institution, a community based academic hospital of 900 beds, acquired an electronic glycemic management system (eGMS, GlucommanderTM) for the management of ICU patients with hyperglycemia. We present our experience and compared glycemic control between patients managed with eGMS and standard care between December 2016 and December 2018. The standard care group included patients who were not on eGMS with at least 2 blood glucose readings &gt;180 mg/dl during their ICU stay.
The primary endpoint was a proportion of blood glucose (BG) readings between 70-180 mg/dl. Secondary outcomes included rates of hyperglycemia &gt; 250 mg/dl, as well as rates of hypoglycemia &lt; 70 mg/dl, &lt; 54 mg/dl and &lt;40 mg/dl, and patient-day rates for hypoglycemia.
Among a total of 2897 ICU patients, 1971(68%) were treated with standard care and 926(32%) with eGMS. eGMS resulted in improved glycemic control with lower rates of hypoglycemia, Table.
Conclusion: Treatment with eGMS significantly lowered the incidence of hypoglycemia and severe hyperglycemia compared to standard care in the ICU. eGMS is a safe and effective way to manage hyperglycemia in the ICU of an academic medical center.

Disclosure
G.E. Umpierrez: Advisory Panel; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi US. J. Messler: Employee; Self; Glytec, LLC.
1088-P: A PK/PD and Metabolic Head-to-Head Comparison of Clinical Doses of Insulin Glargine U300 and Degludec in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: LUCIDI PAOLA , PORCELLATI FRANCESCA , CANDELORO PAOLA , CIOLI PATRIZIA , PASCUCCI CHIARA , BOLLI GEREMIA B. , FANELLI CARMINE 
Published: June 2019

Aim: to compare head-to-head pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), glucose fluxes and lipid metabolism of clinical doses of insulin glargine U300 (Gla-300) and degludec U100 (IDeg) in real life in T1DM.
Methods: 22 subjects [(11M, age 44±12, T1DM for 26±12 years, BMI 22.5±3.2 kg/m2, A1C 7.1±0.6% (53.4±7.1 mmol/mol)] on Gla-100, naïve to Gla-300 and IDeg, were studied (24h euglycemic clamp) with individual doses of Gla-300 and IDeg (dosing at 20.0h) after 3 months of optimal titration of basal-bolus insulin (random crossover).
Results (at present in 14 of the 22 subjects, PD only, data in progress): preclamp A1C was similar with Gla-300 vs. IDeg. Individual basal insulin dose was greater with Gla-300 vs. IDeg (0.35±0.09 vs. 0.27±0.06 U/kg, p&lt;0.01). Average PG (0-24h) was euglycemic on both occasions (p=NS). Area under curve of glucose infused [AUC-GIR(0-24h)] was equivalent for the two insulins (ratio 1.03, 90% C.I. 0.9, 1.22) (Figure). Within-day PD variability tended to be lower with Gla-300 vs. IDegl (CV 51% vs. 59%, p&lt;0.051).
Conclusions. In T1DM, PD of clinical doses of Gla-300 are equivalent to IDeg with a trend for lower within-day variability.

Disclosure
P. Lucidi: Other Relationship; Self; Abbott, Novo Nordisk A/S. F. Porcellati: Board Member; Self; AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Medtronic. P. Candeloro: None. P. Cioli: None. C. Pascucci: None. G.B. Bolli: Advisory Panel; Self; Sanofi. Research Support; Self; A. Menarini Diagnostics, Medtronic. C. Fanelli: Advisory Panel; Self; Sanofi. Other Relationship; Self; Menarini Group.
1105-P: Impact of Switching from Twice-Daily Basal Insulin (BI) to Once-Daily Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM): Phase 4 Optimize Study
Authors: MATHIEU CHANTAL , STELLA PETER , BRUHWYLER JACQUES , ALEXANDRE KATHY C. 
Published: June 2019

The 28-week, prospective, multicenter, open-label OPTIMIZE study, conducted in Belgium (presented at ADA 2018) and Canada, evaluated treatment optimization with once-daily (OD) Gla-300 in combination with a prandial insulin analog in adults with T1DM previously uncontrolled (HbA1c 8-10%) on twice-daily (BID) BI as part of basal-bolus therapy.
The intent-to-treat and safety populations comprised 94 patients (53.2% women; 51.1% from Belgium); mean (SD) age 49.4 (13.1) years and BMI 27.8 (4.7) kg/m². Prior to the study, 45.7% received insulin glargine 100 U/mL and 52.1% insulin detemir. There was a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c from baseline to month 6 (p&lt;0.0001; Table). A statistically significant increase in BI dose (p=0.032) was observed, but there were no significant changes in prandial insulin dose. Hypoglycemic event rates did not significantly change (Table). Statistically significant improvements were seen in the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire total and perceived hyperglycemia scores, and patient satisfaction score for number of injections (p&lt;0.0001).
In this clinically challenging population, better overall treatment satisfaction and improvement in HbA1c, without increase in the rate of hypoglycemia, was achieved on switching from BID to OD Gla-300 plus prandial insulin.

Disclosure
C. Mathieu: Advisory Panel; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk A/S, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Novartis AG, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. P. Stella: Employee; Self; Sanofi. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Sanofi. J. Bruhwyler: Other Relationship; Self; Sanofi. K.C. Alexandre: Employee; Self; Sanofi. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Sanofi.

Funding
Sanofi (EudraCT 2015-001186-46)
1118-P: Effect of Patiromer in Patients 75 Years or Older with Diabetic Kidney Disease and Hyperkalemia Receiving a RAAS Inhibitor
Authors: BAKRIS GEORGE L. , WOODS STEVEN D. , ALVAREZ PAULA J. , FOGLI JEANENE , ARTHUR SUSAN , MAYO MARTHA R. , KUMAR RAJEEV 
Published: June 2019

Background: Patiromer (PAT) is a sodium-free, non-absorbed potassium (K+) binder approved for the treatment of hyperkalemia (HK). HK is common in older patients (pts) with cardiorenal comorbidities and often limits the use of guideline recommended renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) medications. We previously reported the design and results for AMETHYST-DN, a phase 2 multicenter, open-label, 52 week randomized clinical trial in a large cohort of adult pts (n=306; 30-80 years of age).
Methods: Here we report the results in a subgroup ≥75 years of age with type 2 DM, chronic kidney disease (CKD) (eGFR 15 to &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2), hypertension and serum (s) K+ &gt;5.0 mEq/L (n=60). All pts received a RAASi before and during the study treatment and PAT was titrated to maintain sK+ in the normal range.
Results: Two days after the first dose, mean sK+ was reduced to 4.89 mEq/L from a baseline (BL) mean of 5.19 mEq/L (p&lt;0.001). The least square mean reduction in sK+ from BL to week 4 was -0.65 mEq/L (p&lt;0.001) and -0.61 mEq/L (p&lt;0.001) at 52 weeks (end of treatment). The % of pts with sK+ in the normal range (3.8-5.0 mEq/L) between weeks 12-52 ranged from 88-98%. At the end of treatment, 92% of pts had sK+ in the normal range. The most common GI-related adverse event (AE) was constipation observed in 2 pts (3.3%). Serum magnesium levels of &lt;1.2 mg/dL were seen in 3 pts (5%). Hypokalemia (sK+ &lt;3.5 mEq/L) did not occur in this older population. Serious AEs were reported for 9 pts (15%); none attributed to PAT by investigator. Study limitations include a lack of blinding, a lack of comparator, and a lack of diversity.
Conclusions: In this subgroup of pts ≥75 years with diabetic CKD receiving a RAASi medication, PAT reduced and maintained control of sK+ for up to 1 year. PAT was well tolerated over 52 weeks with no serious AEs attributed to its use. These results suggest that PAT may facilitate the use of RAASi medications in older pts likely to benefit from their cardiorenal protective effects.

Disclosure
G.L. Bakris: Consultant; Self; Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Relypsa, Inc. Research Support; Self; Bayer AG, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. S.D. Woods: Employee; Self; Relypsa, Inc. P.J. Alvarez: Employee; Self; Relypsa, Inc. J. Fogli: Employee; Self; Relypsa, Inc. S. Arthur: Employee; Self; Relypsa, Inc. M.R. Mayo: Employee; Self; Relypsa, Inc. R. Kumar: None.

Funding
Relypsa, Inc.
1140-P: Efficacy and Safety of Evogliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicenter, Active-Controlled, Randomized Study with Open Label Extension (EVERGREEN Study)
Authors: LIM SOO , KIM GYURI , KWON HYUK-SANG , PARK IE BYUNG , AHN KYU JEUNG , PARK CHEOL-YOUNG , KWON SU KYOUNG , KIM HYE SOON , PARK SEOK WON , KIM SIN GON , MOON MIN KYONG , KIM EUNSOOK , CHUNG CHOON H. , WON KYU CHANG , PARK KANG SEO , KIM MIKYUNG , CHUNG DONG JIN , LEE CHANG BEOM , KIM TAE HO , LEE MOON-KYU 
Published: June 2019

Background and Aims: Evogliptin is a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. We investigated the efficacy and safety of Evogliptin compared with linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Materials and Methods: A total of 207 untreated patients with T2D (mean age, 56.1±10.4 years; body mass index, 26.1±3.4 kg/m2) who had HbA1c 7.0-10.0%, prior to the screening were randomized 1:1 for 5 mg Evogliptin (n=102) or 5 mg linagliptin (n=105) once daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline HbA1c at week 12. The secondary endpoint included the change in mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) assessed by 72-hour continuous glucose monitoring. In the extended study for another 12 weeks, open-label treatment with Evogliptin 5 mg qd was conducted in both groups; Evogliptin/Evogliptin group (n=95) and Linagliptin/Evogliptin group (n=92).
Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean changes in HbA1c of Evogliptin group and linagliptin group were −0.85% and −0.75%, respectively; the between-group difference was -0.10% (95% confidence interval, −0.32-0.11%), demonstrating non-inferiority, meeting the pre-specified margin of 0.40%. The changes in MAGE were −24.6 mg/dL in the Evogliptin group and −16.7 mg/dL in the linagliptin group, which were significantly lower compared with baseline values in both groups. In the Evogliptin/Evogliptin group at week 24, the mean changes from baseline in HbA1c was −0.94%, achieving HbA1c &lt;7.0% in 80.2% of patients. The incidence and types of adverse events including hypoglycemic events, were comparable between the two groups for 24 weeks.
Conclusion: In this study, once-daily evoglipitin 5 mg treatment significantly decreased HbA1c levels by 0.94% at week 24 and improved glycemic variability without any serious adverse events in Korean patients with T2D (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02974504).

Disclosure
S. Lim: None. G. Kim: None. H. Kwon: None. I. Park: None. K. Ahn: None. C. Park: None. S. Kwon: None. H. Kim: None. S. Park: None. S. Kim: None. M. Moon: None. E. Kim: None. C.H. Chung: None. K. Won: None. K. Park: None. M. Kim: None. D. Chung: None. C. Lee: None. T. Kim: None. M. Lee: None.
1147-P: Effect of Short-Term Ciclosporin A Treatment on Insulin Secretion in Patients with Adult-Onset Autoimmune Diabetes: An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Pilot Study in China
Authors: ZHANG LEI , WANG JUN , WANG NA , YANG YUXIU , YIN XIAOYAN , DONG YANHU 
Published: June 2019

Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes, defined as having latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), is characterized by a less intensive autoimmune process, in which a lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine pancreas is involved. Immunosuppressive agents may have potential therapeutic benefit. This is a pilot study examining the therapeutic effects of oral administration of ciclosporin A on insulin secretion in patients with LADA. The study was an open label, single arm, pilot trial. A total of 12 patients (8 men and 4 women with mean age of 40.2 years old) diagnosed with LADA were prospectively evaluated. All patients underwent insulin treatment at least for 3 months without any oral anti-hyperglycemic agent. Serum C-peptide concentrations were measured at baseline and after ciclosporin A intervention. We also evaluated clinical parameters including total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine (Cre) before and after ciclosporin A treatment. The primary outcome of the study was the change in serum C-peptide concentrations. A total of 12 patients completed the study. No patient was withdrawn. Serum fasting C-peptide concentrations significantly increased from 0.10 ng/ml up to 0.32 ng/ml, following treatment with ciclosporin A (50mg/day) for 4 weeks (P&lt;0.001). After 4-week ciclosporin A intervention, there was no significant difference on TBIL (14.33 vs. 13.70 umol/L, P=0.59), DBIL(4.31 vs. 4.63 umol/L, P=0.48), AST(16.83 vs. 18.50 U/L, p=0.09), ALT(17.17 vs. 18.16 U/L, p=0.35), or Cre (67.17 vs. 66.01 umol/L, P=0.25) compared with the corresponding baseline levels. This pilot study demonstrates the potential therapeutic effects of oral administration of ciclosporin A for patients with LADA. No significant adverse effects of the drug were observed. Larger, controlled studies are needed to verify the results.

Disclosure
L. Zhang: None. J. Wang: None. N. Wang: None. Y. Yang: None. X. Yin: None. Y. Dong: None.
1151-P: Dorzagliatin Differentiates from Early Generation of Glucokinase Activators: An Enzyme Kinetics Study
Authors: CHEN LI , SHAN YONGQIANG , JIN XIAOWEI , LV XIAOBING 
Published: June 2019

Over the last two decades, many glucokinase activators (GKAs) advanced into clinical studies but failed to achieve proof of concept as antidiabetics until the most recent success of Dorzagliatin (a.k.a. HMS5552). Desirable pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of Dorzagliatin in human subjects offer clear advantage over many GKAs previously in clinical trial. Dorzagliatin benefits also from its desirable enzyme kinetic properties that improve GK’s glucose sensor function and restore glucose homeostasis. Herein we report our recent results on 5 GKAs which all advanced into Phase II clinical studies, some suffered hypoglycemia and others lacked durable efficacy in T2D patients. We evaluated key parameters in GK activation that include α, β and nH in nonessential-mixed type enzyme kinetics equation, as well as the changes under various glucose and drug concentrations. Here β represents the change in Vmax and associates with the ability of GKA to restore GK’s glucose sensor function. Partial GKAs such as AZD1656 and PF-04937319 showed β&lt;1 and were less effective in blood glucose control. In contrast, Piragliatin and Dorzagliatin showed β value of 1.74 and 1.40 respectively, both demonstrated sustained and significant HbA1c reduction. Changes of nH result in alteration of GK’s glucose dependence and the degree of changes in nH is dependent on GKA concentration. Significant changes in nH by MK-0941 (nH = 1.21 at 10 μM GKA vs. 1.86 without GKA) correlate with its hypoglycemia risk in T2D subjects as shown in clinical trials. Our results strongly indicate that % change in nH at 10 uM GKA shall not go beyond 20% compared with drug free state. Lastly, α values for 5 GKAs all seem to fall in the range of 0.005 to 0.016, thus not appear to correlate with the behavior in clinical trials. The current study provides valuable insight to elucidate some key properties contributing to successful development of a GKA that repairs the glucose sensor function and remodels homeostasis.

Disclosure
L. Chen: Employee; Self; Hua Medicine. Y. Shan: None. X. Jin: None. X. Lv: None.
1164-P: Effects of Cenicriviroc in Adults with NASH on Inflammatory Cytokines and Metabolic Parameters
Authors: COVIELLO ANDREA D. , CHARLTON RALPH W. , MARTINS EDUARDO B. , YUAN JIACHENG , ALKHOURI NAIM , ABDELMALEK MANAL F. 
Published: June 2019

Background: Hepatic fat accumulation modulates innate immunity causing recruitment of bone marrow derived macrophages/activation of Kupffer cells, resulting in inflammatory changes associated with the development of insulin resistance and NASH. Monocyte recruitment/infiltration into the liver is mediated by C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2). CCR5 promotes obesity-induced insulin resistance/hepatic steatosis in murine models. Cenicriviroc (CVC) is an oral CCR2/CCR5 antagonist in Phase 3 development for NASH. We evaluated effects of CVC on inflammatory cytokines and HbA1c in NASH subjects.
Methods: Adults with NASH and liver fibrosis were randomized 1:1 to CVC 150 mg or placebo (PBO) [Phase 2 CENTAUR study]. Cytokines and metabolic parameters were assessed.
Results: In 289 randomized adults (mean age 54 years, mean BMI 33.9 kg/m2, 52.0% diabetes), CCL2 significantly increased from baseline (BL) in CVC vs. PBO. For CVC, hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β decreased from BL; HbA1c decreased for CVC at all time points but increased for PBO at Days 180 and 360 (Table). Changes were consistent over time and more pronounced in those with advanced liver fibrosis.
Conclusions: CVC was associated with elevation of CCL2 and decreased hs-CRP/inflammatory cytokines, suggesting strong target engagement and a therapeutic impact on the inflammatory milieu associated with insulin resistance that may be reflected in lower HbA1c.

Disclosure
A.D. Coviello: Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. Research Support; Self; Allergan, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, GENFIT. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. R.W. Charlton: Employee; Self; Allergan. E.B. Martins: Employee; Self; Allergan. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Allergan. J. Yuan: None. N. Alkhouri: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Gilead Sciences, Inc., Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Other Relationship; Self; Allergan, GENFIT, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Madrigal. M.F. Abdelmalek: Advisory Panel; Self; Allergan, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Prometic Life Sciences Inc. Consultant; Self; TaiwanJ Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Research Support; Self; Akcea Therapeutics, Allergan, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Conatus Pharmaceuticals Inc., Galectin Therapeutics Inc., GENFIT, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Prometheus, Shire, TaiwanJ Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
117-LB: DIWHY: Factors Influencing Motivation, Barriers, and Duration of DIY Artificial Pancreas System Use among Real-World Users
Authors: BRAUNE KATARINA , O’DONNELL SHANE , CLEAL BRYAN , LEWIS DANA M. , TAPPE ADRIAN , HAUCK BASTIAN , WILLAING INGRID , SCIBILIA RENZA , ROWLEY ELIZABETH , KO WINNE , DOYLE GERARDINE , SKINNER TIMOTHY C. , RAILE KLEMENS ,   THE OPEN CONSORTIUM
Published: June 2019

Objective: Little is known about why PwD leave traditional pathways and turn to DIY technology. This study aims to examine the motivations of Do-it-Yourself Artificial Pancreas System (DIYAPS) users and caregivers to build and maintain these systems.
Methods: An online survey with 34 items was distributed to DIYAPS users and caregivers of children with DIYAPS through Facebook (“Looped” and regional subgroups) and Twitter (Diabetes Online Community).
Results: 1058 participants from 34 countries responded to the survey. The majority were adult users (80.2%; 43% female; median age 41 years) with T1D (98.9%) for 25.2 years ±13.3. 19.8% were caregivers of children (47.4% female; median age 10 years) with T1D (99.4%) for 5.1 years ±3.9. With 10.1m ±17.6 on DIYAPS, HbA1c improved from 7.07% ±1.07 to 6.24% ±0.68 %. Time in Range improved from 63.21% ±16.27 to 83.07% ±10.11. Additional out-of-pocket costs of 712 USD/year were spent. Motivations to build a DIYAPS are shown in Fig.1.
Conclusions: Improved glycemic control, need for an ‘autopilot’ and less acute and long-term complications were key motivations in both groups; as well as better sleep for caregivers. Users were also able to access and afford the required tools. These results may provide a better understanding of unmet needs of PwD and current challenges to uptake, in order to facilitate the involvement of patient-led and open source approaches in healthcare.

Disclosure
K. Braune: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Dexcom, Inc. S. O’Donnell: None. B. Cleal: None. D.M. Lewis: Consultant; Self; Diabeloop SA, Roche Diabetes Care. A. Tappe: Consultant; Self; IME-DC GmbH. Employee; Self; Hi.health, Gruber-Debong GmbH. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Roche Diabetes Care, Ypsomed AG. Other Relationship; Self; SOOIL Developments Co., Ltd. B. Hauck: Consultant; Self; Bayer AG, Eli Lilly and Company, LifeScan, Inc., Novo Nordisk A/S, Roche Diabetes Care, Roche Pharma. I. Willaing: None. R. Scibilia: Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Roche Diabetes Care. E. Rowley: None. W. Ko: None. G. Doyle: None. T.C. Skinner: None. K. Raile: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, Lilly Diabetes.

Funding
European Union