bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrophotometric Analysis Evaluating Apical Microleakage in Retrograde Filling using GIC, MTA and Biodentine: An in-vitro study
Authors: Nepal Manisha , Shubham Snigdha , Tripathi Rupam , Khadka Jwolan , Kunwar Deepa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The present study compares the apical microleakage of three different root-end filling materials in which the retrograde cavity is prepared by two different burs.Methods Eighty extracted single rooted maxillary and mandibular premolars were taken. Root canal treatment was completed. Apical 3 mm of all the teeth were resected with diamond disk. The tooth were divided into four groups with two subgroups for each group containing 10 tooth (N= 10) as: Group IA (Negative Control and IB (Positive Control); Group IIA and IIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with GIC; Group IIIA and IIIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with MTA; Group IVA and IVB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur, filled with Biodentine. After applying two coats of nail varnish leaving apical 3 mm (except for negative control group) all teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue for 3 days and again in 65% nitric acid for next 3 days for extraction of dye. The obtained solution was then transferred to eppendorf tube and centrifuged in microcentrifuges at 14,000 revolution per minutes (RPM) for 5 minutes. Optical density or absorbance of the supernatant solution was measured with UV spectrophotometer at 550 nm.Results The absorbance of the supernatant solution after dye extraction is decreasing in the order of positive control> GIC> MTA> Biodentine> negative control group. The significant difference was observed between GIC and MTA (p=0.0001) and GIC and Biodentine (p=0.0001) with two different burs but statistically non-significant difference was observed between MTA and Biodentine with Carbide bur (p=0.127) and Diamond bur (p=0.496) respectively.Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that Biodentine and MTA showed less microleakage as compared to GIC. There is no significant difference between mean microleakage of MTA and Biodentine. However, the mean OD of the Biodentine was least of all evaluated materials. Preparation of the root-end using round carbide bur as well as round diamond burs showed comparable microleakage for all three filling materials.
Influence of femoral implant design modification on anterior knee pain and patellar crepitus in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty without patella resurfacing
Authors: Huang Yifan , Gao Yuhang , Ding Lu , Liu Bo , Liu Jianguo , Qi Xin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The incidence of dissatisfaction that due to multiple factors especially anterior knee pain (AKP) and patellar crepitus after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are still required concern. Improvements of femoral component in traditional prosthesis could reduce the incidence of these complications in TKA with patella resurfacing. This study aimed to explore whether TKA without patella resurfacing benefit from this femoral implant design modification in the aspects of AKP and patellar crepitus.Methods: Sixty-two patients (85 knees) using the modern prosthesis and 62 age-matched and sex-matched patients (90 knees) using the traditional prosthesis were enrolled in this study. The incidences of AKP and patellar crepitus, Knee Society Scores were recorded. Statistical analyses were accomplished to determine if there were differences between the two groups. Results: The incidence of AKP was significantly lower in the study group compared with those in the control group at 3-month and 1-year follow-up (4.7% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.048; 3.5% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.021, respectively). The incidence of patellar crepitus was significantly lower in the study group compared with those in the control group at 3-month and 1-year follow-up (34.4% vs. 15.3%, p = 0.004; 28.9% vs. 10.6% at 1 year, p = 0.002, respectively). There was no significant difference in Knee Society Scores between two groups.Conclusion: The results showed that TKA without patella resurfacing benefited from this femoral implant design modification in the aspects of AKP and patellar crepitus. This study may provide meaningful information for surgeons who use the modern prosthesis and selectively not resurfacing the patella in their patients.
Association between motoric cognitive risk syndrome and frailty among Chinese older adults
Authors: Shen Shanshan , Zeng Xingkun , Xu Liyu , Chen Lingyan , Liu Zixia , Chu Jiaojiao , Yang Yinghong , Wu Xiushao , Chen Xujiao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a newly proposed pre-dementia syndrome incorporating subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait. Previous studies have shown that subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait are reported to be associated with frailty in cognitively unimpaired older adults, but little is known giving attention to the link between MCR and frailty in older adults. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the associations of MCR and its components and frailty in Chinese older adults. Methods: In an observation cross-sectional study, a total of 429 older adults aged 60 years and older were admitted to the geriatric department. According to MCR criteria, all participants were classified to 4 groups: 1) MCR group; 2) subjective cognitive complaints group; 3) slow gait group; 4) healthy control group. Physical frailty was assessed by Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between MCR and frailty in older adults. Results: The prevalence of subjective cognitive complaints, slow gait and MCR was 15.9%, 10.0% and 4.0%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, the logistic regression analysis showed that slow gait (odds ratio [OR] 3.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40-8.23, P=0.007) and MCR (odds ratio [OR] 5.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46-20.89, P=0.012) were independently associated with frailty, but not subjective cognitive complaints. Conclusions: MCR and slow gait were significantly associated with frailty in Chinese older adults. Further study should prospectively determine the causal relationship between MCR and frailty.
Maternal Health Service Utilization and Associated Factors among Mothers with Children under one Year in Ambo District, West Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Mengistu Mulugeta Mekuria , Beyene Tesfaye , Desta Habtamu oljira , Bayeta Adamu Birhanu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Maternal health service is the service provided to mothers during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum. It is a useful indicator in assessing women’s health status and the accessibility, adequacy and effectiveness of a country’s health service system. The aim of this study was to assess the proportion of maternal health service utilization and factors influence it in Ambo district, West Ethiopia.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study design with quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection was employed place from 15 th August to15th October, 2018 at Ambo District among 561 women with children less than one year. Single population proportion formula was utilized to calculate the sample size and simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. Data were collected by trained data collectors using a pretested structured questionnaire. The data was entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and transported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done at 95 % confident interval and variables with P value < 0.05 to shows significant association. Qualitative data was transcribed carefully and analyzed thematically.Result: All 561 study subjects were participated in the survey and considered for analysis. The proportion of mothers who used ANC at least once was 89%., 64% of them delivered at health institutional and 47.2% of the mothers used early postnatal care. Mothers occupation [AOR=0.24(95% CI: 0.08-0.69)] and mother and her husband’s decision making power [AOR=4.12(95% CI: 2.12-8.00)] were significantly associated with ANC use. Mother’s education level [AOR=1.56(95% CI: 1.03-2.38)], time of traveling to health facilities, decision making power [AOR=5.91(95% CI: 3.79-9.22)] of both mother and husband, and having ANC follow up [AOR=14.54(95% CI: 6.23-33.96)] were factors significantly associated to institutional delivery whereas mothers age [AOR=2.65(95% CI: 1.29-5.46)], marital status [AOR=0.14(95% CI: 0.03-0.69)], attending ANC service [AOR=3.51(95% CI: 1.15-10.71)] and place of delivery [AOR=14.98(95% CI: 4.23-52.88)] were significantly associated factors for PNC utilization. Conclusion: The prevalence of maternal health services utilization were far behind the national target to be achieved by the end of 2020. Therefore, much work is expected from stakeholders in order to achieve the national target.
Shared decision-making in advance care planning for persons with dementia in nursing homes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Goossens Bart , Sevenants Aline , Declercq Anja , Audenhove Chantal Van 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Shared decision-making provides an approach to discuss advance care planning in a participative and informed manner, embodying the principles of person-centered care. A number of guided approaches to achieve shared decision-making already exist, such as the three-talk model. However, it is uncertain whether daily practice methods in nursing home wards for persons with dementia comply with the underpinnings of this model. It is also uncertain whether professionals consider shared decision-making to be important in this context, and whether they perceive themselves sufficiently competent to practice this approach frequently.Methods The study has a cross-sectional design, with 65 wards (46 Belgian nursing homes) participating in the study. We compared nursing home professionals’ and residents’ perspectives on the level of shared decision-making during advance care planning conversations with ratings from external raters. Residents and professionals rated the level of shared decision-making by means of a questionnaire, which included the topic of the conversation. External raters assessed audio recordings of the conversations. Professionals filled in an additional self-report questionnaire on the importance of shared decision-making, their competence in practicing the approach, and with what frequency.Results At ward level, professionals and residents rated the average achieved level of shared decision-making 71.53/100 (σ=16.09) and 81.11/100 (σ=19.18) respectively. Meanwhile, raters gave average scores of 26.97/100 (σ=10.45). Only 23.8% of residents referred to advance care planning as the topic of the conversation. Professionals considered shared decision-making to be important (x̄=4.48/5, σ=0.26). This result contrasted significantly with the frequency (x̄=3.48/5, σ=0.51) and competence (x̄=3.76/5, σ=0.27) with which these skills were practiced (P<0.001).Conclusions Residents with dementia are grateful when involved in discussing their care, but find it difficult to report what is discussed during these conversations. Receiving more information about advance care planning could provide them with the knowledge needed to prepare for such a conversation. External raters observe a discrepancy between the tree-talk model and daily practice methods. Training programs should focus on providing professionals with better knowledge of and skills for shared decision-making. They should also promote team-based collaboration to increase the level of person-centered care in nursing home wards for persons with dementia.
Towards an understanding of the burdens of medication management affecting older people: the MEMORABLE realist synthesis
Authors: Maidment Ian , Lawson Sally , Wong Geoff , Booth Andrew , Watson Anne , Zaman Hadar , Mullan Judy , McKeown Jane , Bailey Sylvia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Increasing numbers of older people are living in the community with multiple diagnoses and medications. Managing multiple medications produces issues of unrivalled complexity for those involved. Despite a growing body of literature on the subject, gaps remain in understanding how, why and for whom complex medication management works, and therefore how best to improve practice and outcomes. MEMORABLE, MEdication Management in Older people: Realist Approaches Based on Literature and Evaluation, aimed to address these gaps. Methods MEMORABLE, a National Institute of Health Research funded project, used a realist approach to understand causal paths within medication management. Informed by RAMESES guidelines, MEMORABLE involved three overlapping work packages: 1) Realist Review of the literature (specifically 24 articles on medication management exploring causality); 2) Realist Evaluation (50 realist-informed interviews with older people, family carers and health and care practitioners, explaining their experiences); and 3) data synthesis and theorising from 1) and 2). Results The complexity of medication management was viewed from the perspective of ‘implementation’. This enabled the researchers to structure the medication management process into five iterative Stages; three individual Stages carried out by the older person on their own or with family carer support in which they are balancing routines, coping and risk; and two interpersonal Stages where the older person works with a practitioner-prescriber-reviewer, perhaps with carer involvement. Applying Normalisation Process Theory to this process, four steps were identified within each Stage: 1) sense making - information, clarification; 2) action - shared decision making; 3) reflection/monitoring; and 4) relationships that are enduring, based on collaboration and mutual trust. In a detailed analysis of Stage 5: Reviewing/reconciling medications, adopting the lens of ‘burden’, MEMORABLE identified five burdens amenable to mitigation: ambiguity, concealment, unfamiliarity, fragmentation and exclusion. Two initial improvement propositions were then set out for development through further research: a risk screening tool and individualised information.Conclusions By adopting a realist approach and synthesising rich data from evidence and experiential accounts, MEMORABLE has established a transferable evidence and experience-based, theoretical framework, focused on burden, to explore and explain the real world complexity of medication management for and with older people.
Accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas after laser refractive surgery in myopic eyes: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Hongyu , Li Jun , Song Hui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas after refractive surgery in myopic eyes. Methods: We searched the databases on the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science and Cochrane library to select relevant studies published between Jan 1, 2009 and Aug 11, 2019. Primary outcomes were the percentages of refractive prediction error within ±0.5D and ±1.0D. Results: The results of this meta-analysis were investigated from 16 studies, including 7 common methods (Haigis-L, Shammas-PL, Double-K SRK/T, Barrett true K no history, Wang-Koch-Maloney, ASCRS average and OCT formula). ASCRS average yielded significantly higher percentage of refractive prediction error within ±0.5D than Haigis-L, Shammas-PL and W-K-M (P=0.009, 0.01, 0.008, respectively). Barrett true K no history also yielded significantly higher percentage of refractive prediction error within ±0.5D than Shammas-PL and W-K-M (P=0.01, <0.0001, respectively), and the same result was found by comparing OCT formula with Hiaigi-L and Shammas-PL (P=0.03, 0.01, respectively). Only the Haigis-L had significantly higher percentages than W-K-M method in the ±1.0D group (P = 0.04). Conclusion: We suggest that the ASCRS average and Barrett true K no history formula should be used to calculate the IOL power in eyes after myopic refractive surgery.
The Relationship between Serum Levels of Vitamin C, Uric Acid and Antioxidant Condition with Coronary Artery Diseases: a Case-Control Study
Authors: Torkzaban Aida , Naeini Seyed Amir Mansour Alavi , Hassanzadeh Akbar , Namdari Mehrdad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Coronary hearth diseases are among the main causes of death in adults. Increase of oxidative stress and defects in antioxidant defense play a major role in endothelium performance and are an effective factor in progress of atherosclerosis. Some studies have also reported different malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity among the atherosclerosis patients.Methods In this case-control study, 44 atherosclerosis patients referring to Shahid Madani treatment-education center were considered as the case group; while 44 healthy peoples were placed in the control group. Demographic data and anthropometric indices were measured. Food frequency questionnaire and international physical activity questionnaires were also completed. After 12 hours of fasting, 10 ml blood was sampled from the participants. Uric acid, vitamin C, TAC and MDA were also measured. The data were finally analyzed by SPSS Ver 22 software.Results A significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of uric acid (P<0.001) and vitamin C (P<0.03). However, mean MDA and TAC showed no significant difference between the two groups. The two groups’ difference in terms of vitamin A, E and beta carotene, zinc and selenium intake was not significant. A significant difference was however detected between the two groups in terms of vitamin C (P<0.047). A significant relationship was also observed between the systolic pressure and CHD (P<0.028).Conclusion Results of this study indicated that the uric acid and vitamin C levels of atherosclerosis patients had significant increase and decrease in comparison with the healthy subjects, respectively. Mean TAC and antioxidant levels of their diets (except for vitamin C) showed no significant difference. Systolic blood pressure of the patients was significantly higher than the controls.
Mating induces selective immune priming which is maintained throughout bumblebee queen diapause
Authors: Colgan Thomas J , Finlay Sive , Brown Mark JF , Carolan James C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Understanding the mechanisms by which organisms adapt to unfavourable conditions is a fundamental question in ecology and evolutionary biology. One such mechanism is diapause, a period of dormancy typically found in nematodes, fish, crustaceans and insects. This state is a key life-history event characterised by arrested development, suppressed metabolism and increased stress tolerance and allows an organism to avoid prolonged periods of harsh and inhospitable environmental conditions. For some species, diapause is preceded by mating which can have a profound effect on female behaviour, physiology and key biological processes, including immunity. However, our understanding of how mating impacts long-term immunity and whether these effects persist throughout diapause is currently limited. To address this, we explored molecular changes in the haemolymph of the ecologically important pollinator, the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris . B. terrestris queens mate prior to entering diapause, a non-feeding period of arrested development that can last 6-9 months. Using mass-spectrometry-based proteomics, we quantified changes in the pre-diapause queen haemolymph after mating, as well as the subsequent protein expression of mated queens during and post-diapause. Results: Our analysis identified distinct proteome profiles associated with diapause preparation, maintenance and termination. More specifically, mating pre-diapause was shown to increase the abundance of antimicrobial peptides, key effectors of the immune system. Furthermore, we identified the elevated abundance of these proteins to be maintained throughout diapause. This finding was in contrast to a general reduction in immune proteins during diapause suggestive of selective immune priming and expression during diapause. Diapause also affected the expression of proteins involved in cuticular maintenance, olfaction, as well as proteins of unknown function, which may have roles in diapause regulation. Conclusions: Our results provide clear molecular evidence for the consequences and benefits of mating at the immune level through the selective increased abundance of antimicrobial peptides that are sustained throughout diapause. In addition, our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which bumblebees prepare for, survive, and recover from diapause, insights that may have implications for our general understanding of these processes in other insect groups.
Genome-wide analysis of the Saccharina japonica sulfotransferase genes and their transcriptional profiles during whole developmental periods
Authors: Lu Chang , Shao Zhanru , Zhang Pengyan , Duan Delin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background As a unique sulfated polysaccharide, fucoidan is the major component of cell wall in brown seaweeds. Its biochemical properties are determined by the positions and quantity of sulfate groups. The sulfation process is catalyzed by sulfotransferases (STs), which transfer the sulfuryl groups to carbohydrate backbones and are crucial for fucoidan biosynthesis. Nevertheless, the structures and functions of STs in brown seaweeds are not completely understood.Results There are a total of 27 ST genes identified from our genome and transcriptome analysis of Saccharina japonica and they were located in the 12 scaffolds and seven contigs. The S. japonica ST genes have many introns and alternative splicing sites, and four tandem duplicated gene clusters were identified among this genes family. Generally, the ST genes could be classified into five groups (Group I~V) based on phylogenetic analysis, and the ST proteins, which were encoded by genes within the same group, contained similar conserved motifs. In group I sequences, we found two highly conserved regions (region I: TxPKSGTxW; region IV: RKGxxGDWKxxFT), and Lys 81 and Arg 287 are critical for catalysis and substrate binding. Members of the S. japonica ST gene family show various expression patterns in different tissues and developmental stages. Transcripttional profiles indicate that more than half of ST genes transcriptional levels in kelp basal blades are higher than in distal blades, and decrease with the kelp development stages, while only ST 5 , 9 , 12 , 18 and 25 are increased. The co-down-regulated pathways are related to oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolic pathways, while the up-regulated pathways are involved with ribosome, nitrogen and sulfur metabolism.Conclusion Various characteristics of the STs allow the feasibilities of S. japonica to adapt to the costal environments, meet the needs of S. japonica growth and support their giant blades. This also reflects the complexity of fucoidan biosynthesis in different marine environments, tissues, and developmental stages.