bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Activity in Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex Is Modulated More Before Approach Than Avoidance During Reinforced and Extinction Trial Blocks
Authors: Gentry Ronny N. , Roesch Matthew R. 
Published: April 2018

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is thought to provide regulatory control over Pavlovian fear responses and has recently been implicated in appetitive approach behavior, but much less is known about its role in contexts in which appetitive and aversive outcomes can be obtained and avoided, respectively. To address this issue, we recorded from single neurons in vmPFC while male rats performed our combined approach and avoidance task under reinforced and non-reinforced (extinction) conditions. Surprisingly, we found that cues predicting reward modulated cell firing in vmPFC more often and more robustly than cues preceding avoidable shock; in addition, firing of vmPFC neurons was both response (press or no-press) and outcome (reinforced or extinction) selective. These results suggest a complex role for vmPFC in regulating behavior and support its role in appetitive contexts during both reinforced and non-reinforced conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSelecting context-appropriate behaviors to gain reward or avoid punishment is critical for survival. Although the role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in mediating fear responses is well established, vmPFC has also been implicated in the regulation of reward-guided approach and extinction. Many studies have used indirect methods and simple behavioral procedures to study vmPFC, which leaves the literature incomplete. We recorded vmFPC neural activity during a complex cue-driven combined approach and avoidance task and during extinction. Surprisingly, we found very little vmPFC modulation to cues predicting avoidable shock, whereas cues predicting reward approach robustly modulated vmPFC firing in a response- and outcome-selective manner. This suggests a more complex role for vmPFC than current theories suggest, specifically regarding context-specific behavioral optimization.
Refinement of Spatial Receptive Fields in the Developing Mouse Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Is Coordinated with Excitatory and Inhibitory Remodeling
Authors: Tschetter Wayne W. , Govindaiah Gubbi , Etherington Ian M. , Guido William , Niell Cristopher M. 
Published: April 2018

Receptive field properties of individual visual neurons are dictated by the precise patterns of synaptic connections they receive, including the arrangement of inputs in visual space and features such as polarity (On vs Off). The inputs from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the mouse undergo significant refinement during development. However, it is unknown how this refinement corresponds to the establishment of functional visual response properties. Here we conductedin vivoandin vitrorecordings in the mouse LGN, beginning just after natural eye opening, to determine how receptive fields develop as excitatory and feedforward inhibitory retinal afferents refine. Experiments used both male and female subjects. Forin vivoassessment of receptive fields, we performed multisite extracellular recordings in awake mice. Spatial receptive fields at eye-opening were >2 times larger than in adulthood, and decreased in size over the subsequent week. This topographic refinement was accompanied by other spatial changes, such as a decrease in spot size preference and an increase in surround suppression. Notably, the degree of specificity in terms of On/Off and sustained/transient responses appeared to be established already at eye opening and did not change. We performedin vitrorecordings of the synaptic responses evoked by optic tract stimulation across the same time period. These recordings revealed a pairing of decreased excitatory and increased feedforward inhibitory convergence, providing a potential mechanism to explain the spatial receptive field refinement.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe development of precise patterns of retinogeniculate connectivity has been a powerful model system for understanding the mechanisms underlying the activity-dependent refinement of sensory systems. Here we link the maturation of spatial receptive field properties in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to the remodeling of retinal and inhibitory feedforward convergence onto LGN neurons. These findings should thus provide a starting point for testing the cell type-specific plasticity mechanisms that lead to refinement of different excitatory and inhibitory inputs, and for determining the effect of these mechanisms on the establishment of mature receptive fields in the LGN.
Serum Levels of miR-155, miR-326, and miR-133b as Early Diagnostic Biomarkers for the Detection of Human Acute Heart Allograft Rejection in Comparison with Serum Cardiac Troponin T
Authors: Esmaeili-bandboni Aghil , Bagheri Jamshid , Bakhshandeh Ali Reza , Mohammadnejad Javad , Sadroddiny Esmaeil 
Published: April 2018

Background: Acute heart allograft rejection occurs as a result of antibody-mediated rejection that presents during the first month after transplantation. Finding a non-invasive biomarker is essential for diagnosis of heart allograft rejection. In this research, we intended to compare expression levels of several microRNAs across cardiac troponin T levels between rejected patients (who died before one month following transplantation), non-rejected patients (who survived for at least one month after transplantation), and non-transplanted patients (CABG surgery patients).Methods: Serum levels of miR-155, miR-326, and miR-133b were evaluated by the q-RT-PCR method. Furthermore, cardiac troponin T levels were measured by a highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence assay. Finally, the data were analyzed by independent sample t-test using SPSS 21® computer software. Results: It was observed that miR-326 and miR-155 expression levels increased after 24h and 72h of surgery in rejected patients compared with the two other groups, but these increases were not statistically significant. Moreover, the decrease in miR-133b expression level was non-significant after transplantation in the rejected group compared with the non-rejected group. However, cTnT levels in rejected patients increased significantly compared with the other groups (P < .05). After ROC curve analysis, the cTnT marker with the most area under the curve (AUC = 1.00, 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.00; P = .006), had the best discriminatory power, and among microRNAs, miR-326 had the largest area under curve (AUC = 0.81), and consequently the highest discriminatory power.Conclusions: We demonstrated that troponin T can be a more efficient biomarker than miRNAs for early prediction of human death caused by acute heart rejection, and the ROC curves analysis verified this finding.
Predictive Model for Secundum Atrial Septal Defect Closure with Pulmonary Artery Hypertension in Adult: When to Close
Authors: Supomo Supomo , Arjana Adika Zhulhi , Darmawan Handy 
Published: April 2018

Background: Secundum atrial septal defect (SASD) closure is contraindicated in the presence of severe pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). However, there is no consensus on the threshold of severe PAH, in terms of mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), which would contraindicate for defect closure surgery in adults. Furthermore, PAH can persist, or even increase in severity, after the closure. The aim of this study was to produce a predictive model correlating mPAP in adult SASD patients with PAH after defect closure surgery. Methods: Between January 2014 and March 2017, 29 consecutive adult SASD patients who had PAH and underwent defect closure surgery were included in the study. Age, right atrium (RA) dimension, right ventricle (RV) dimension, and mPAP before surgery were analyzed using multiple regression to produce the model.Results: Multiple regression produced the following model: mPAP prediction = (0.24)(Age) + (0.06)(mPAP before surgery) + (0.17)(RA dimension) + (0.47)(RV dimension) – 13.79 (P = .0008). The mPAP prediction was compared to mPAP of the patients six to nine months after surgery, and showed no significant difference (P = .9562). Conclusion: In adult SASD patients with PAH, our model can significantly predict the mPAP after the closure. If the predicted mPAP is within its normal range, the closure is indicated.
Reoperative Cardiac Surgery – Part II
Authors: Tribble Curtis G 
Published: April 2018

The preparation for a reoperative cardiac surgical case was covered in Part I of this two part review [Tribble 2018]. Part II will cover primarily intraoperative strategies and techniques. As noted in Part I, there has been surprisingly little written about the strategies and techniques of reoperative cardiac surgery. Thus, the goal of this two-part review is to collect and collate some of the lessons, abjurations, and tenets related to reoperative cardiac surgery that may be valuable to cardiac surgeons, especially those in training or early in their careers.Some time-honored admonitions that can apply to all complex operations, often enunciated by “old salts,” bear repeating:• Everything matters. Nothing is neutral.• Some say that a “life or death” decision is made, on average, every 10 seconds during cardiac surgery. • If something can go wrong, presume that it will.• If it seems absolutely impossible for something to go wrong, it will anyway, at least some of the time.• When something does go wrong, it generally does so all at once.• If what you are doing is working, keep on doing it. If it ain’t working, do something else.
La religión: ¿síntoma o delirio?
Authors: Pereña Francisco 
Published: April 2018

Fue un error de Freud considerar que la religión desaparecería con el desarrollo del saber científico, sin embargo, sus propios descubrimientos, la pulsión y el inconsciente, suponen que un proceso de objetivación no se puede fundar a sí mismo. La religión forma parte de los oscuros anhelos irreductibles del sujeto de la alteración pulsional, es decir, de la angustia. El problema de la religión no es, pues, un problema gnoseológico sino ético. El intento kantiano de ligar la ley moral a la unidad de los fines fue, quizás, un intento delirante de fundar la religión, aunque estableció como principio irreversible que la ley moral es la que funda la religión y no al revés. Eso mismo puede permitir pensar al sujeto afectado por la angustia como sujeto del síntoma y, así, la religión pasaría a ser, desde esta perspectiva, un modo sintomático de sentir la culpa y la responsabilidad. La experiencia religiosa sería en suma una experiencia de tipo ético, no una teología dogmática ni una ideología teocrática. Nacería del fondo pulsional de la insatisfacción y de la angustia.
Jornalismo e deliberação pública: um estudo de casos múltiplos Journalism and public deliberation: a multiple case study Periodismo y deliberación pública: un estudio de casos múltiples
Authors: Nascimento Solano Dos Santos 
Published: April 2018

ResumoO artigo apresenta o resultado de um estudo de casos múltiplos a respeito da relação entre três reportagens que trataram de problemas sociais – publicadas pela revista Época e pelos jornais O Globo e Correio Braziliense - e mudanças na legislação que teoricamente buscaram resolver os problemas apontados pelas reportagens. O estudo concluiu que houve influência das reportagens nas mudanças em leis, mas que esse impacto teve nuanças bastante distintas.AbstractThis report presents the results of a multiple case study about the relationship between three stories that dealt with social problems - published by Época magazine and O Globo and Correio Braziliense newspapers - and changes in legislation that theoretically sought to solve the problems pointed out by the stories . The study conclusion was that there was influence of the stories in laws changes, the impact had quite different shades. ResumenEl artículo presenta el resultado de un estudio de casos múltiples acerca de la relación entre tres reportajes sobre problemas sociales-publicados por la revista Época y por los periódicos O Globo y Correio Braziliense - y cambios en la legislación que teóricamente buscaron resolver los problemas señalados por los reportajes . El estudio concluyó que hubo influencia de los reportajes en los cambios de leyes, pero que ese impacto tuvo matices muy distintos.
Literatura infantil promovendo conhecimento docente e desenvolvimento de noções matemáticas
Authors: Rodrigues de Almeida Alessandra , Megid Maria Auxiliadora Bueno Andrade 
Published: April 2018

Apresentamos uma pesquisa-formação realizada com quatro turmas do curso de Pedagogia de uma universidade a partir do trabalho integrado das duas professoras (autoras deste artigo) que ministraram a disciplina “Educação Espaço e Forma” a turmas do 4º semestre do curso de graduação e que atuaram como docentes e pesquisadoras neste processo. Participaram da disciplina 110 estudantes, organizados em cinco turmas. Tem como objetivo discutir o processo de formação matemática do futuro professor, considerando a elaboração de propostas didáticas interdisciplinares durante a formação inicial. Os resultados mostram o potencial das histórias para o ensino da matemática na Educação Infantil, bem como o avanço do processo formativo ancorado em narrativas com os professores envolvidos.
Реализация программы содействия занятости через профессиональное переобучение женщин с маленькими детьми в городе Москве
Authors: Калабихина Ирина Евгеньевна , Бирюкова Светлана Сергеевна , Макаренцева Алла Олеговна 
Published: April 2018

Ирина Евгеньевна Калабихина – доктор экономических наук, профессор, заведующая, кафедра народонаселения экономического факультета, МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова. Адрес: 119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1, стр. 46. E-mail: ikalabikhina@yandex.ru
Светлана Сергеевна Бирюкова – кандидат экономических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, Институт социальной политики, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики». Адрес: 109074, Москва, Славянская площадь, д. 4, стр. 2. E-mail: sbiryukova@hse.ru
Алла Олеговна Макаренцева – кандидат экономических наук, заведующий, Лаборатория исследований демографии и миграции, Институт социального анализа и прогнозирования, Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ. Адрес: 119034, Москва, Пречистенская наб., д. 11. E-mail: makarentseva-ao@ranepa.ru
Цитирование: Калабихина И.Е., Бирюкова С.С., Макаренцева А.О. (2018) Реализация программы содействия занятости через профессиональное переобучение женщин с маленькими детьми в городе Москве // Мир России. Т. 27. № 2. С. 136–162. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-2-136-162
Статья посвящена исследованию эффективности реализации программы активного содействия занятости женщин с маленькими детьми в городе Москве. Ее авторы ставят перед собой и последовательно решают несколько задач. В первой части статьи на базе обобщения теоретических концепций и международного опыта реализации программ содействия трудоустройству дана оценка обоснованности программы профессиональной переподготовки женщин с детьми в возрасте до трех лет как компоненты государственной политики занятости и демографической политики. Анализ показывает, что программы ки содействия занятости, однако для родителей с малолетними детьми их недостаточно, они должны дополняться кооперацией с работодателями и развитием сектора услуг по уходу и присмотру за детьми. Во второй части работы дана характеристика действующей программы с точки зрения ее масштабов, структуры и клиентской базы. На данных московской службы занятости по реализации программы в 2013–2016 годах авторы демонстрируют, что спрос на нее постепенно увеличивается. В третьей части статьи приведен анализ барьеров реализации программы, а также запросов к ее формату со стороны потенциальных клиентов, выполненный на основе показателей авторского качественного обследования. Разбор материалов глубинных интервью свидетельствует о том, что со стороны женщин с детьми есть запрос на совершенствование современных профессиональных навыков, а также навыков работы с компьютером и в узкопрофильных программах. Задачей для них является получение конкурентного преимущества, «строки в резюме», при этом запрос на перепрофилирование и обретение нового навыка встречается реже.
Frequency and type of eyelid neoplasia in Tuzla region, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Burgic Mufid , Iljazovic Ermina , Vodencarevic Amra Nadarevic , Burgic Musfaha , Halilbasic Meliha , Sinanovic Mersiha , Mujkanovic Amer , Drljevic Aida 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Benign and malignant tumors can arise from each of the eyelid layers. Our aim was to investigate the frequency and distribution of the eyelid tumors in tertiary health institution in Tuzla Region in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: We analyzed medical records for all the patients treated for eyelid malignancies in University Clinical Center Tuzla, from January 2012 to December 2016. Demographic, clinical and pathological data were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 89 patients were treated during the 5 year period. Forty seven of the patients were male (52 %) and 42 (48 %) were female. Patient age ranged from 11 to 92 years, with the mean age of 66.6 years. The most common eyelid malignancy was basal cell carcinoma (80.95%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (14.29%), merkel cell carcinoma (3.17%) and melanoma (1.59%).
Conclusion: The annual incidence of eyelid tumors in Tuzla region is about 3.73/100 000 population. Majority of the malignant tumors were basal cell carcinoma, while melanoma was the least frequent. Most frequent benign lesions were seborrheic keratosis and benign nevi.
Fen Eğitiminde Argümantasyon Temelli Öğrenmenin Akademik Başarıya ve Bilimsel Süreç Becerilerine Etkisi: Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması
Authors: KARAKUŞ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Memet , YALÇIN Onur 
Published: April 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı; argümantasyon temelli fen öğrenmenin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına ve bilimsel süreç becerilerine etkisini deneysel yöntemlerle ortaya koyan bağımsız çalışmaların etki büyüklüklerini belirlemektir. Bu bağlamda bireysel çalışmalar 2007- 2015 yılları arasında incelenmiştir. Literatür taraması sonucunda ulaşılabilen çalışmalardan, Türkiye’de yapılmış argümantasyon temelli fen öğrenmenin, akademik başarı ve bilimsel süreç becerileri konu alanları incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler; kodlama formu aracılığıyla ve dahil edilme kriterlerine göre yapılmış olup bireysel çalışmalar meta analiz yöntemiyle birleştirilmiştir. Fen eğitiminde argümantasyon temelli öğrenmenin akademik başarıya etkisi için 27 çalışma (40 karşılaştırma) ve argümantasyon temelli öğrenmenin bilimsel süreç becerilerine etkisi için 15 çalışma (19 karşılaştırma) meta analiz sürecine dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; argümantasyon temelli fen öğrenmenin akademik başarı üzerinde pozitif ve çok geniş düzeyde, argümantasyon temelli fen öğrenmenin bilimsel süreç becerilerinde pozitif ve çok geniş düzeyde etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Akademik başarı etki büyüklükleri; yayın türünde doktora tezlerinde, eğitim kademesinde lisede, ders alanında fizikte ve uygulama süresinde 5-6 hafta arasında en fazla olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bilimsel süreç becerileri etki büyüklükleri; yayın türünde doktora tezlerinde, eğitim kademesinde lisede ve ders alanında kimyada en fazla olduğu saptanmıştır.
Hacia una investigación e intervención comprometida y con mayor impacto social
Authors: Del Carpio Perla Shiomara , Arroyo Chávez Hiram 
Published: April 2018

The content of this article is a reflection exercise on the following questions: How to conduct psychological intervention in contexts of struggle and resistance? How to understand psychological well-being in contexts in which the oneiric and cosmogonical worlds are vital? How to conduct intervention in contexts in which the community and working together- as it is in indigenous communities become priorities before the individual dimension takes place? Some proposals are related to transdisciplinarity and the recognition of the historical, social, political, religious and cultural context of the population who receives the intervention and participates in research. It is underlined that psychological intervention in indigenous communities should consider multiple histories of struggle and resistance since they demonstrate that mental and psychical health as well as social and natural order can configurate and be called differently. For example, indigenous communities in southern Mexico use the term lekil kuxlejal which from a hegemonic perspective would be defined as mental health. This manuscript emphasizes that mental health, as well as physical health, should be considered human rights to which everyone should have access to. On the other hand, reflection is done on the ethical aspects of this work and it is argued that it is important to return to participants the results of the research studies they take part of and generate joint actions that promote social transformation and both personal and social liberation processes. It is also defended that it is necessary to humanize disciplines of different knowledge areas and do scientific group work with and for the community. To do so, it is required to continue to make psychology more ours and generate both personal and community processes of re-evolution.
A RETÓRICA DA VERDADE NO RELATO JORNALÍSTICO
Authors: Gutierrez Marco Antônio 
Published: April 2018

Assumido pelos manuais de jornalismo como narrativa imparcial de fatosobjetivos, o relato noticioso é, contudo, incapaz de esconder seus compromissosideológicos com uma versão determinada dos eventos que narra. Analisando aretórica do texto verbal e das imagens associadas a um relato específico em trêsdiferentes veículos de comunicação na Internet, o presente artigo procura refletir sobrea “objetividade” dos relatos jornalísticos, em particular, e sobre a “transparência” dalinguagem em geral. Esta reflexão parte da vulgarização das idéias semânticas deFrege feita por alguns manuais de jornalismo e termina com uma análise sucinta sobreo uso ideológico dos esquemas imagéticos de container e força. Palavras-chave: Retórica; relato jornalístico; metáfora.
ALINE, GÊNEROS E LEITURA: POR NOVOS PARADIGMAS DE ENSINO PARA O GÊNERO TIRINHA NO ENSINO BÁSICO
Authors: Simões Alex Caldas 
Published: April 2018

Os PCN´s e o CBC-MG propõem que o ensino de língua materna tenha por ênfase o estudo da linguagem, levando-se em conta a multiplicidade de gêneros discursivos, que orientam produtores e receptores na produção/compreensão de textos orais/escritos de qualquer natureza. Tal demanda educativa, portanto, pressupõe a elaboração de novas estratégias de ensino que contemplem as atuais orientações pedagógicas pautadas no ensino da leitura e da produção de gêneros diversos. Com base nessas orientações, em março de 2009, o MEC incluiu no acervo de livros didáticos das escolas públicas brasileiras 27 títulos de histórias em quadrinhos através do Programa Nacional Biblioteca na Escola. Em nossa exposição, portanto, pautados principalmente nas sugestões de ensino de leitura de Pietri, pretendemos apresentar uma estratégia de ensino para o gênero tirinha que leve em consideração a leitura como atividade complexa dependente da decodificação do leitor e do processo de interação entre leitor e escritor. A partir de um corpus composto por 20 tirinhas de Aline - da série "Aline Gorda" -, do cartunista Adão Iturrusgarai, observaremos, portanto, como ensinar a leitura e a escrita de gêneros discursivos multimodais pode ser produtivo e instigante para o ensino de língua materna no Ensino Básico.