bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking hospital culture to the training performance of residents: The roles of leader‐member exchange and transactional leadership style
Authors: Deng Guangwei , Zhao Di , Lio Jonathan , Ma Xiaopeng , Liang Liang , Feng Chenpeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundHospital culture is a crucial aspect of residents' training. However, the mechanisms related to stakeholder culture (SC) and teacher‐resident interaction remain unclear. The study investigated the relationship between hospital culture and training performance of residents. Also, it explored the mediating effect of teacher‐resident exchange and the moderating effect of the teacher's transactional leadership style within a Chinese context.MethodsBased on stakeholder and leadership member exchange theories, we constructed a composite model. Data were collected from 296 residents from five tertiary hospitals in China. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses.Results(a) Both the employee‐orientation culture (EOC) (β = .14, P ≤ .05) and patient‐orientation culture (POC) (β = .47, P ≤ .001) in the hospital were significantly related to residents' training performance. (b) Teacher‐resident exchange fully mediated the relationship between EOC and training performance and partially mediated the relationship between POC and training performance. (c) The moderating role of transactional leadership style (TLS) in the relationship between EOC and leader‐member exchange (LMX) (β = −.17, P ≤ .05) was negative; it was not significant in the interaction between POC and TLS (β = .06, P > .1).ConclusionThe results suggest that trainers should consider the value of multiple cultures and ensure balance among stakeholders rather than focusing on a single one. Furthermore, a positive interaction improves teacher‐student relationship and training performance. Most importantly, educational departments should pay attention to establishing assessment tools, using rewards and incentives in residents' training.
An Examination of the Association Between Relationship Mindfulness and Psychological and Relational Well‐being in Committed Couples
Authors: Kimmes Jonathan G. , Jaurequi Matthew E. , Roberts Kathryn , Harris Victor W. , Fincham Frank D. 
Published: June 2019

Relationship mindfulness is the degree to which individuals tend to be mindful during interactions with romantic partners. In this study, we examined both the intrapersonal and interpersonal links between relationship mindfulness and psychological and relationship functioning in a sample of 219 couples who had been in their relationship for at least 1 year. Even when accounting for the general tendency to be mindful, relationship mindfulness was linked with markers of relationship well‐being and psychological functioning, both intrapersonally and interpersonally. The findings bring to light the importance of considering relationship mindfulness in clinical work with couples that focuses on addressing deficiencies in relationship or psychological well‐being.
Staff responses to residents exposing their genitals in public in long‐term care settings: The gap between common and perceived best practices
Authors: Villar Feliciano , Celdrán Montserrat , Serrat Rodrigo , Fabà Josep , Martínez Teresa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore staff reactions to residents’ behaviour consisting in exposing their genitals in public, and to differentiate between what is perceived as common practice (what most staff do) and best practice (the best possible approach).BackgroundThe presence of inappropriate sexual behaviours (ISBs) in long‐term care facilities poses practical and ethical dilemmas since they may impinge on the rights of others (staff and residents) and thus need to be adequately monitored and managed. However, no studies have focused on how staff handle ISBs, and particularly exposing oneself in public.MethodsA total of 2,175 people working in 152 Spanish LTC facilities participated in the study. They were presented with a vignette describing a resident exposing his/her genitals in public, and they were asked what they think most of their workmates would do and what they think should be done in that situation. The STROBE checklist was used to enhance the quality and transparency of the research.ResultsApproximately one‐third of participants (32.4%) reported having experienced behaviours such as the one described in the vignette. Staff reactions underline the predominance of restrictive practices. However, if prompted to think in terms of best practice, supportive reactions increased in frequency. Finally, factors such as work position have an influence on perceived common and best practices, with care assistants generally holding more restrictive views than directors or technical staff.ConclusionsAround one‐third of staff members, and particularly those in managerial or technical positions, had witnessed residents exposing their genitals in public. However, there is no common ground among staff regarding the best way to handle the situation.Relevance to clinical practiceOur findings stress the importance of organisational policies and workplace training in the management of challenging behaviours such as exposing oneself.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with a higher risk of advanced colorectal neoplasm
Authors: Cho Yuri , Lim Soo‐Kyung , Joo Sae Kyung , Jeong Dong‐Hyong , Kim Jung Ho , Bae Jeong Mo , Park Jeong Hwan , Chang Mee Soo , Lee Dong Hyeon , Jung Yong Jin , Kim Byeong Gwan , Kim Donghee , Lee Kook Lae , Kim Won 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to increase the risk of adenomatous colonic polyps. However, the role of screening colonoscopy in patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD in detecting advanced colorectal neoplasm is not clearly evidence‐based. Therefore, we investigated whether the histological severity of NAFLD is associated with advanced colorectal neoplasm.MethodsThis study included patients ≥18 years old who underwent screening colonoscopy between 2013 and 2018 within a biopsy‐evaluated prospective NAFLD cohort. Advanced colorectal neoplasm was defined as an adenomatous polyp greater than 10 mm in diameter and/or with villous histology and/or with high‐grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma.ResultsAmong the 476 patients with clinically suspected NAFLD, 379 patients were diagnosed with biopsy‐proven NAFLD and 97 patients had no evidence of NAFLD histologically, who were analyzed as healthy controls. The prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasm was 11.1% (n = 53). Patients with advanced colorectal neoplasm had higher grade of steatosis (P = 0.004) and higher stage of hepatic fibrosis (P = 0.044) than those with normal colonoscopic findings or low‐grade adenomatous polyp. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was an independent risk factor for both colorectal polyp (odds ratio [OR], 2.08; 95% confidential interval [CI], 1.12‐3.86; P = 0.020) and advanced colorectal neoplasm (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.01‐7.87; P = 0.049).ConclusionsThe presence of biopsy‐proven NASH was significantly associated with an increased risk of advanced colorectal neoplasm among patients with NAFLD. This finding may alert physicians to conduct screening colonoscopy in patients with NASH to detect advanced colorectal neoplasm early.
The dual lifestyle of genome‐integrating virophages in protists
Authors: Berjón‐Otero Mónica , Koslová Anna , Fischer Matthias G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDNA viruses with efficient host genome integration capability were unknown in eukaryotes until recently. The discovery of virophages, satellite‐like DNA viruses that depend on lytic giant viruses that infect protists, revealed a genetically diverse group of viruses with high genome mobility. Virophages can act as strong inhibitors of their associated giant viruses, and the resulting beneficial effects on their unicellular hosts resemble a population‐based antiviral defense mechanism. By comparing various aspects of genome‐integrating virophages, in particular the virophage mavirus, with other mobile genetic elements and parasite‐derived defense mechanisms in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, we show that virophages share many features with other host–parasite systems. Yet, the dual lifestyle exhibited by mavirus remains unprecedented among eukaryotic DNA viruses, with potentially far‐reaching ecological and evolutionary consequences for the host.
Overexpression of FBR41 enhances resistance to sphinganine analog mycotoxin‐induced cell death and Alternaria stem canker in tomato
Authors: Shao Zhiyong , Zhao Yanting , Liu Lihong , Chen Shanshan , Li Chuanyou , Meng Fanliang , Liu Haoran , Hu Songshen , Wang Jiansheng , Wang Qiaomei 
Published: June 2019

SummaryFumonisin B1 (FB1) and Alternaria alternate f. sp. lycopersici (AAL)‐toxin are classified as sphinganine analog mycotoxins (SAMTs), which induce programmed cell death (PCD) in plants and pose health threat to humans who consume the contaminated crop products. Herein, Fumonisin B1 Resistant41 (FBR41), a dominant mutant allele, was identified by map‐based cloning of Arabidopsis FB1‐resistant mutant fbr41, then ectopically expressed in AAL‐toxin sensitive tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar. FBR41‐overexpressing tomato plants exhibited less severe cell death phenotype upon AAL‐toxin treatment. Analysis of free sphingoid bases showed that both fbr41 and FBR41‐overexpressing tomato plants accumulated less sphinganine and phytosphingosine upon FB1 and AAL‐toxin treatment, respectively. Alternaria stem canker is a disease caused by AAL and responsible for severe economic losses in tomato production, and FBR41‐overexpressing tomato plants exhibited enhanced resistance to AAL with decreased fungal biomass and less cell death, which was accompanied by attenuated accumulation of free sphingoid bases and jasmonate (JA). Taken together, our results indicate that FBR41 is potential in inhibiting SAMT‐induced PCD and controlling Alternaria stem canker in tomato.
Rice plastidial NAD‐dependent malate dehydrogenase 1 negatively regulates salt stress response by reducing the vitamin B6 content
Authors: Nan Nan , Wang Jie , Shi Yuejie , Qian Yangwen , Jiang Long , Huang Shuangzhan , Liu Yutong , Wu Ying , Liu Bao , Xu Zheng‐Yi 
Published: June 2019

SummarySalinity is an important environmental factor that adversely impacts crop growth and productivity. Malate dehydrogenases (MDHs) catalyse the reversible interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate using NAD(H)/NADP(H) as a cofactor and regulate plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. Vitamin B6 functions as an essential cofactor in enzymatic reactions involved in numerous cellular processes. However, the role of plastidial MDH in rice (Oryza sativa) in salt stress response by altering vitamin B6 content remains unknown. In this study, we identified a new loss‐of‐function osmdh1 mutant displaying salt stress‐tolerant phenotype. The OsMDH1 was expressed in different tissues of rice plants including leaf, leaf sheath, panicle, glume, bud, root and stem and was induced in the presence of NaCl. Transient expression of OsMDH1‐GFP in rice protoplasts showed that OsMDH1 localizes to chloroplast. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsMDH1 (OsMDH1OX) displayed a salt stress‐sensitive phenotype. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) metabolic profiling revealed that the amount of pyridoxine was significantly reduced in OsMDH1OX lines compared with the NIP plants. Moreover, the pyridoxine content was higher in the osmdh1 mutant and lower in OsMDH1OX plants than in the NIP plants under the salt stress, indicating that OsMDH1 negatively regulates salt stress‐induced pyridoxine accumulation. Furthermore, genome‐wide RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis indicated that ectopic expression of OsMDH1 altered the expression level of genes encoding key enzymes of the vitamin B6 biosynthesis pathway, possibly reducing the level of pyridoxine. Together, our results establish a novel, negative regulatory role of OsMDH1 in salt stress tolerance by affecting vitamin B6 content of rice tissues.
Practical Causal Analysis for the Treatment Timing Effect on Doubly Censored Duration: Effect of Fertility on Work Span
Authors: Angelov Nikolay , Johansson Per , Lee Myoung-jae 
Published: June 2019

Summary
We present a practical causal framework to estimate the effects of a treatment and its timing on a doubly censored response. We then apply the methodology to find the effect of fertility on work duration where, not just fertility itself, but the timing of fertility should matter greatly. Since fertility and its decision of timing are chosen by the individual, it is likely to be endogenous. We use a populationwide data set over mothers with two children to address the endogeneity issue by using the first two children’s same-sex instrument in a ‘control function’ setting. We find that having a third child reduces the average labour market work duration, and that the magnitude of the effect increases monotonically with the waiting time between the second and third children. Moreover, the negative effect varies substantially over education and second-birth age, being stronger for mothers with higher education and lower second-birth age.
How actual motor competence and perceived motor competence influence motor‐skill engagement of a novel cycling task
Authors: Kavanagh Jennifer , Issartel Johann , Moran Kieran 
Published: June 2019

In early childhood, factors that contribute to motor‐skill engagement (MSE) are unknown. Our aim was to explore the relationships between actual and perceived motor competence and their influences on MSE on a balance bike (bike with no pedals). A secondary aim was to investigate whether MSE had an effect on ability on a balance bike. This study comprised of 45 children (29% female) aged 4.5 ± 0.5 years. MSE was assessed using distance travelled on a balance bike over an 8‐week period. Actual motor competence was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition. Perceived motor competence was assessed using the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence. Ability on a balance bike was measured using timed trials on a specifically designed track. Pearson product‐moment correlations were used to assess relationships between actual and perceived motor competence and ability on a balance bike. Linear regressions were used to examine whether actual or perceived motor competence or ability on a balance bike predicted MSE. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine whether there was a difference in ability on a balance bike between three MSE groups over 8 weeks. No relationships were found, and none of the variables predicted MSE. There was a significant difference between the MSE groups on ability on a balance bike over time (P = 0.019). Investigating the contributors to MSE on a novel cycling task during early childhood provides knowledge to ensure children are given the best opportunities for practice and acquisition of skills.
Wound dehiscence with continuous versus interrupted mass closure of transverse incisions in children with absorbable suture: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Khan Safwan , Saleem Muhammad , Talat Nabila 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionNumerous meta-analyses done on adults suggest superiority of continuous mass closure technique, but any such study does not exist for the pediatric age group. The results in adults cannot be applied to pediatrics because of numerous physiologic and anatomic differences.MethodsThis is a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 1:1 parallel groups, that compares the frequency of dehiscence between the interrupted and continuous mass closure techniques for transverse incisions in pediatric patients. The age range was from birth to 12 years. We sampled 350 patients undergoing emergency or elective exploratory laparotomies in our pediatric surgery unit. Blocked randomization was used and only the patients remained blinded during the intervention. One group was closed with interrupted mass closure (group A) and the other group with continuous mass closure technique (group B). We had to drop 50 patients for not meeting the inclusion criteria.ResultsThe wound dehiscence rate for group A was 1.34% (4 patients) and for group B was 3.0% (9 patients). Significance was calculated using χ2(p<0.156). The global wound dehiscence rate was 4.34% (13 patients). The maximum number of patients dehisced on the fifth postoperative day, while the range was 4–11 days. The only statistically significant confounding factor was wound classification (p<0.002).DiscussionStatistically there is no significant difference between interrupted and continuous mass closures techniques in terms of wound dehiscence. The dirty wounds are at a maximum risk of developing wound dehiscence irrespective of the technique used. We need to strictly adhere to the basic principles of closure especially when dealing with dirty wounds.Trial registration numberTCTR20150318001.
Screening for congenital heart defects: diversified strategies in current China
Authors: Liu Xiwang , Xu Weize , Yu Jiangen , Shu Qiang 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundCongenital heart defects (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect and a leading cause of infant mortality in China. Detection of CHD during newborn is still challenging. The contradiction between the increasingly mature technology of diagnosis and treatment and the inability of early detection is the biggest current dilemma. A few pilot studies attempt to establish the universal screening for CHD in newborns; however, the rate of misdiagnosis is still high in most Chinese hospitals, especially in some undeveloped middle-western regions.Data sourcesBased on the recent publications on screening of congenital heart diseases in China. We reviewed the use of diversified screening strategies in current China.ResultsPrenatal diagnosis by fetal echocardiography and postnatal detection by pulse oximetry combined with clinical assessment are the useful methods for CHD screening in most areas. The altitude should be taken into account when using pulse oximetry in the middle-western areas of China, where the incidence of CHD maybe higher. Echocardiography is suitable for CHD screening in almost all areas but it could add to financial burden in the developing regions. Genetic analysis could assist clinical doctors to perform more earlier screening and give better counseling regarding the outcome. Due to disparities in economic and medical resources, the screening system should be carried out from multiple perspectives according to the present economic development. Notably, follow-up is an important issue in the screening of CHD, especially for the asymptomatic babies who discharged home. Policies should be formulated to address the epidemiology of CHD in deprived areas to better allocate medical resources and to develop local training programmes to screen and diagnose CHD.ConclusionsDiversified strategies are available in current China. The two-indicator method for CHD screening is recommended to be implemented in routine postnatal care. We can do more in screening for CHD in the future.
The energy of the universe in the Bianchi type-II cosmological model
Authors: Yang I-Ching 
Published: June 2019

To investigate the energy of Bianchi type-II cosmological model, I used the energy–momentum complexes of Einstein and Møller and obtained the zero total energy in these two prescriptions. This result reinforces the viewpoint of Albrow and Tryon that the universe must have a zero net value for all conserved quantities and be equivalent to the previous works of Nester et al. [Phys. Rev. D 78], 044035 (2008) and Aydogdu et al.
Optimum design for a novel large mode area fiber with triangle-platform-index core
Authors: Miao Xiaofang , Wu Peng , Zhao Baoyin 
Published: June 2019

A triangle-platform-index core fiber is proposed, in which the refractive index distribution in the cross-section of the fiber core is composed of several closely connected triangles and a platform at the outermost layer. The simulation results show that the proposed fiber possesses an extremely large mode field area of [Formula: see text] at the wavelength of [Formula: see text], and achieves single-mode operation state near a bend radius of 17 cm. Furthermore, several different mode field distributions, including Gauss-like distribution, flatten distribution and hollow distribution, are achieved. The proposed fiber can benefit suppressing nonlinear phenomenon to increase the output power level of fiber laser, and promoting special industrial processing.
Aloperine Activates the PI3K/Akt Pathway and Protects Against Coronary Microembolisation-Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats
Authors: Mao Qing , Guo Fenfen , Liang Xiulin , Wu Yufu , Lu Yongxiang 
Published: June 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Coronary microembolisation (CME)-induced myocardial apoptosis is a key factor in progressive cardiac dysfunction. Aloperine (ALO) plays a protective role in the cardiovascular system, but its role and the mechanism ­underlying its protection against CME are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to verify whether ALO has a protective effect against CME-induced myocardial injury, as well as whether this effect has a relationship with regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway for rats. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into 4 equal groups: CME, CME + ALO, CME + ALO + LY294002 (LY) and a Sham group. Twelve hours after surgery, the rats’ cardiac function, apoptosis index, microinfarct and serum cardiac-troponin I (cTnI) level were measured. Levels of p-Akt, total Akt, Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were detected. <b><i>Results:</i></b> ALO improved cardiac dysfunction induced by CME, while also decreasing serum levels of cTnI and microinfarct areas. In addition, ALO inhibited myocardial apoptosis, which may have been partially as a result of downregulated cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, upregulated Bcl-2 and increased protein levels in phosphorylated Akt. However, these ALO effects were blocked if ALO was administered along with LY. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> ALO can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and consequently attenuate CME-induced myocardial injury. These functions are realised by activating PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
Le Retour de la Théodicée et le Défi de la « Théodicée du Retour »
Authors: Clavier Paul 
Published: June 2019

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:
"Francis Wolff a plus d’une corde à son arc. Outre sa défense et illustration de la « philosophie générale », outre sa promotion d’une métaphysique descriptive qui procède par figures empruntées aux Anciens, outre son ontologie anthropologique, outre sa philosophie de la musique, sans oublier sa philosophie taurine, Francis Wolff aborde le problème de la théodicée. Il le fait avec une force et une netteté peu communes. Non que le problème fût absent des esprits, mais son traitement pouvait avoir tendance à se couvrir de l’autorité de la chose jugée : « depuis Kant nous savons que toute théodicée est vouée à l’insuccès... Kierkegaard a bien montré que le mal se résout dans le désespoir, Hans Jonas nous a appris que Dieu, réduit à l’impuissance, n’est pour rien dans le mal qui défigure l’être humain... ». Sans ignorer ces considérations, Francis Wolff a inauguré un véritable « retour de la théodicée » sur la scène philosophique francophone, en réclamant un réexamen des termes mêmes du problème."