bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PragFormer: Data-Driven Parallel Source Code Classification with Transformers
Authors: Harel Re’em , Kadosh Tal , Hasabnis Niranjan , Mattson Timothy , Pinter Yuval , Oren Gal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Multi-core shared memory architectures have become ubiquitous in computing hardware nowadays. As a result, there is a growing need to fully utilize these architectures by introducing appropriate parallelization schemes, such as OpenMP worksharing-loop constructs, to applications. However, most developers find introducing OpenMP directives to their code hard due to pervasive pitfalls in managing parallel shared memory. To assist developers in this process, many compilers, as well as source-to-source (S2S) translation tools, have been developed over the years, tasked with inserting OpenMP directives into code automatically. In addition to having limited robustness to their input format, these compilers still do not achieve satisfactory coverage and precision in locating parallelizable code and generating appropriate directives. Recently, many data-driven AI-based code completion (CC) tools, such as GitHub CoPilot, have been developed to ease and improve programming productivity. Leveraging the insights from existing AI-based programming-assistance tools, this work presents a novel AI model that can serve as a parallel-programming assistant. Specifically, our model, named PragFormer, is tasked with identifying loops that can benefit from conversion to parallel worksharing-loop construct (OpenMP directive) and even predict the need for specific data-sharing attributes clauses on the fly. We created a unique database, named Open-OMP, specifically for this goal. Open-OMP contains over 32,000 unique code snippets from different domains, half of which contain OpenMP directives, while the other half do not. We experimented with different model design parameters for these tasks and showed that our best-performing model outperforms a statistically-trained baseline as well as a state-of-the-art S2S compiler. In fact, it even outperforms the popular generative AI model of ChatGPT. In the spirit of advancing research on this topic, we have already released source code for PragFormer as well as Open-OMP dataset to public. Moreover, an interactive demo of our tool, as well as a Hugging Face webpage to experiment with our tool, are already available.
A Sociologist in the Lords: The Parliamentary Career of Anthony Giddens
Authors: Dawson Matt 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper considers the parliamentary career of Anthony Giddens, perhaps the most significant contemporary case of a sociologist achieving political office. Despite this, Giddens’ contributions to the House of Lords have been ignored by sociologists who are largely critical of his later political work. Drawing upon literature from the sociology of intellectuals, most notably positioning theory, I seek to understand Giddens’ unique positioning as an ‘intellectual in politics’ tied to a patron, in his case Tony Blair and New Labour. Following a discussion of how Giddens positioned himself to gain a peerage, I show how his spoken contributions to the Lords reflect three themes: (1) The ‘Intellectual in Politics’ positioning, (2) The role of drama and narrative in his performances, (3) The allure of a ‘Professional’ positioning and the turn towards political, rather than intellectual, interventions. I conclude by highlighting key lessons the sociology of intellectuals and sociology more generally can take from Giddens’ time in the Lords.
The recent history and near future of digital health in the field of behavioral medicine: an update on progress from 2019 to 2024
Authors: Arigo Danielle , Jake-Schoffman Danielle E. , Pagoto Sherry L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe field of behavioral medicine has a long and successful history of leveraging digital health tools to promote health behavior change. Our 2019 summary of the history and future of digital health in behavioral medicine (Arigo in J Behav Med 8: 67–83, 2019) was one of the most highly cited articles in the Journal of Behavioral Medicine from 2010 to 2020; here, we provide an update on the opportunities and challenges we identified in 2019. We address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on behavioral medicine research and practice and highlight some of the digital health advances it prompted. We also describe emerging challenges and opportunities in the evolving ecosystem of digital health in the field of behavioral medicine, including the emergence of new evidence, research methods, and tools to promote health and health behaviors. Specifically, we offer updates on advanced research methods, the science of digital engagement, dissemination and implementation science, and artificial intelligence technologies, including examples of uses in healthcare and behavioral medicine. We also provide recommendations for next steps in these areas with attention to ethics, training, and accessibility considerations. The field of behavioral medicine has made meaningful advances since 2019 and continues to evolve with impressive pace and innovation.
Early warning system for floods at estuarine areas: combining artificial intelligence with process-based models
Authors: Weber de Melo Willian , Iglesias Isabel , Pinho José 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFloods are among the most common natural disasters, causing countless losses every year worldwide and demanding urgent measures to mitigate their impacts. This study proposes a novel combination of artificial intelligence and process-based models to construct a flood early warning system (FEWS) for estuarine regions. Using streamflow and rainfall data, a deep learning model with long short-term memory layers was used to forecast the river discharge at the fluvial boundary of an estuary. Afterwards, a hydrodynamic process-based model was used to simulate water levels in the estuary. The river discharge predictors were trained using different forecasting windows varying from 3 h to 36 h to assess the relationship between the time window and accuracy. The insertion of attention layers into the network architecture was evaluated to enhance forecasting capacity. The FEWS was implemented in the Douro River Estuary, a densely urbanised flood-prone area in northern Portugal. The results demonstrated that the Douro Estuary FEWS is reliable for discharges up to 5000 m3/s, with predictions made 36 h in advance. For values higher than this, the uncertainties in the model predictions increased; however, they were still capable of detecting flood occurrences.
Is country leaders’ education relevant for policy making? The case of the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Bruckmeyer Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of a country leader’s education on policy responses and policy outcomes during the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. Relying on a quasi-experimental event-study approach, I find that political leaders with a graduate education responded more stringently to the first nationally registered infection than political leaders with lower educational attainment. Subsequently, political leaders with a graduate education reported fewer Covid-19 infections and Covid-19 related deaths at the onset of the pandemic. The results suggest that the education of political leaders can explain policy differences, particularly in countries with low electoral accountability. The low level of accountability allowed political leaders with a graduate education to implement stringent, evidence-based policies to contain the pandemic without fear of electoral punishment.
Don’t forget institutions: a review essay of The Economics of Prosperity
Authors: Lu Janna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExchange, division of labor, technology, capital accumulation, and entrepreneurship all contribute to economic growth. In The Economics of Prosperity, Ritenour explains how each of these concepts allow countries to develop and flourish. This book attempts to provide an extensive survey of Austrian literature surrounding development, while still preserving the author’s opinions around debated issues such as the person and function of the entrepreneur. Ritenour also takes the institution of secure private property rights as a given. This paper argues that strong private property rights must precede any discussion of exchange and specialization, particularly because exchange presupposes ownership. The ruler or ruling elites have to concede some power and uphold a strict rule of law to protect private property rights. Additionally, this paper also extends the discussion to cultural and institutional factors behind innovation and economic development, instead of relying on the Weberian work ethic to explain the Industrial Revolution. In short, economic growth requires good economic principles.
3-Factor prothrombin complex concentrate versus 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for the reversal of oral factor Xa inhibitors
Authors: Hays William Blake , Billups Kelsey , Nicholson Jessica , Bailey Abby M. , Gregory Haili , Weeda Erin R. , Weant Kyle A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Multiple agents exist for the reversal of oral Factor Xa inhibitor (FXa) associated bleeding, including Coagulation FXa Recombinant, Inactivated zhzo (andexanet alfa) and 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC). While classified as a 3F-PCC product, Profilnine contains up to 35 IU of Factor VII (per 100 IU of Factor IX) in addition to therapeutic levels of Factors II, IX, and X, and has demonstrated a similar impact on prothrombin time and blood product usage in non-warfarin related bleeding. This was a retrospective, multicenter study at four medical centers of adult patients who presented with major bleeding associated with oral FXa inhibitors and received either 4F-PCC (n = 64) or 3F-PCC (n = 61). The primary outcome was hemostatic effectiveness. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of thromboembolism, in-hospital mortality, and length of stay. The most common indication for reversal was intracranial bleeding. For the primary outcome, 84% of all patients were rated as effective with no difference noted between the groups (p = 0.81). No significant difference between groups was found in the multivariable analysis adjusting for baseline differences between groups including race, total body weight, type of bleeding, and the use of antiplatelet therapy. There was no difference in the length of stay, in-hospital mortality, or the incidence of thromboembolism between the groups. Overall, no significant differences were found in the effectiveness or safety of 4F-PCC and 3F-PCC use in the management of oral FXa inhibitor-associated bleeding. Further investigations are warranted to explore the use of 3F-PCC for this indication and its safety and effectiveness.

Graphical Abstract

3-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate versus 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for the Reversal of Oral Factor Xa Inhibitors.
IgE immunoadsorption: technical background, functionality, and first clinical experience
Authors: Lo Scalzo Lucia , Sciannamea Maddalena , Cafarotti Arianna , Dahdah Lamia , Klimek Ludger , Arasi Stefania 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Background
The prevalence of allergic diseases has risen in the 21st century, drawing attention to specific therapeutic and preventive strategies. Due to the key role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the development of allergic reactions, IgE represents a key target treatment. In this scenario, IgE immunoadsorption (IgE-IA) has been investigated as a procedure that selectively removes circulating IgE antibodies from the bloodstream of patients with atopy.

Methods
This narrative review aims to critically summarize the current insights regarding IgE-IA in the context of the management of allergic diseases, ranging from the rationale to the technical aspects, as well as the benefits and unmet needs.

Results
IgE-IA might be a treatment strategy in well-selected patients with allergic diseases. IgE depletion through sessions of IgE-IA results in immediate clinical improvement and might be useful in acute situations when a rapid clinical response is required or when classic approaches are contraindicated or ineffective. Due to the reduced effectiveness over time, IgE-IA could be a valid first approach before starting another IgE depletion therapy, such as omalizumab, when its commencement would otherwise be contraindicated by too-high serum IgE levels.

Conclusion
Overall, IgE-IA is safe and well tolerated; however, this procedure is currently difficult to implement in routine clinical practice because of costs, time demands, need for hospitalization, and the invasiveness of the procedure, with the associated risks related to the necessity of venous catheterization.
Inter-Skeleton Conductive Routes Tuning Multifunctional Conductive Foam for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Sensing and Thermal Management
Authors: Li Xufeng , Chen Chunyan , Li Zhenyang , Yi Peng , Zou Haihan , Deng Gao , Fang Ming , He Junzhe , Sun Xin , Yu Ronghai , Shui Jianglan , Pan Caofeng , Liu Xiaofang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConductive polymer foam (CPF) with excellent compressibility and variable resistance has promising applications in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and other integrated functions for wearable electronics. However, its insufficient change amplitude of resistance with compressive strain generally leads to a degradation of shielding performance during deformation. Here, an innovative loading strategy of conductive materials on polymer foam is proposed to significantly increase the contact probability and contact area of conductive components under compression. Unique inter-skeleton conductive films are constructed by loading alginate-decorated magnetic liquid metal on the polymethacrylate films hanged between the foam skeleton (denoted as AMLM-PM foam). Traditional point contact between conductive skeletons under compression is upgraded to planar contact between conductive films. Therefore, the resistance change of AMLM-PM reaches four orders of magnitude under compression. Moreover, the inter-skeleton conductive films can improve the mechanical strength of foam, prevent the leakage of liquid metal and increase the scattering area of EM wave. AMLM-PM foam has strain-adaptive EMI shielding performance and shows compression-enhanced shielding effectiveness, solving the problem of traditional CPFs upon compression. The upgrade of resistance response also enables foam to achieve sensitive pressure sensing over a wide pressure range and compression-regulated Joule heating function.
Rising From the Rubble: Air Quality Concerns in Post-Earthquake Afghanistan
Authors: Barati Hosain , Kaneda Yudai , Ramozi Mirwais , Ozaki Akihiko , Kotera Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This position paper highlights the dire impacts of environmental and household air pollution, which were responsible for 6.7 million deaths globally in 2019. These deaths occurred predominantly in low- and middle-income countries, with Afghanistan reporting the highest age-adjusted mortality rate. The situation worsens during large-scale disasters like earthquakes, which release more pollutants into the air, exacerbating health risks and leading to severe conditions such as pulmonary diseases. Because political factors may hinder foreign NGOs and similar organizations from providing direct support, the frequent occurrence of earthquakes in Afghanistan underscores the critical need for emergency response training for local residents. Consequently, it is essential to provide ERT training, including the proper use of protective equipment, to local populations as well as disseminating risk communication through online technologies and other appropriate means.
The Effects of Post-Earthquake Trauma Levels of Nursing Students on their Academic Motivation and Career Decisions
Authors: Kuşlu Sebahat , Çelikkanat Şirin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study was carried out to determine the effects of post-earthquake trauma levels of nursing students on their academic motivation and career decisions.

Methods
The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 228 students studying at Gaziantep Islamic Science and Technology University, Department of Nursing. The data were collected using an online questionnaire created by the researchers. This online questionnaire form consists of seven questions about socio-demographic characteristics, and it also includes the Determination of Post-Earthquake Trauma Levels Scale, Academic Motivation Scale, and Career Decision Scale. SPSS 23.0 package program was used for the analysis of the data, and P < 0.05 was accepted for the level of significance.

Results
It was determined that the post-earthquake trauma level of the students was above the moderate level (63.49 ± 17.29) and that the extrinsic motivation-identified regulation, extrinsic motivation-external motivation, and intrinsic-knowledge levels were more affected by the earthquake (P < 0.05). In addition, it was determined that the mean Career Decision Scale score of the students (74.20 ± 17.35) was below the average.

Conclusions
It was determined that post-earthquake trauma level had positive effects on intrinsic motivation-stimulation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation, but had no effect on career decision.
Beyond Injuries: February 6th Kahramanmaras Earthquakes and Other Patients Transported by Ambulance
Authors: Gulen Muge , Satar Salim , Acehan Selen , Sevdimbas Sarper , Gorur Mehmet , Nigiz Kadir , Ince Cagdas , Balta Ayca , Aybal Esra , Cetinkunar Suleyman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study evaluates the Emergency Medical Service system and overall emergency preparedness by analyzing ambulance-transported patients during the February 6, 2023 earthquakes, focusing on those without earthquake-related injuries (medical emergencies and traumas not caused by earthquakes).

Methods
A retrospective, observational case series was conducted, involving patients aged 18 and above transported by ambulance between February 6 and March 6, 2023. Patient demographic characteristics, vital signs, diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes were recorded. Predisposing factors for ambulance transportation including post-earthquake health facility issues, housing problems, hygiene, heating, and smoke exposure were meticulously analyzed.

Results
The study included 1872 patients, with a 55.4% hospitalization rate and a 13.7% mortality rate. Cardiovascular emergencies were the primary reason for admission (28.9%). Patients from the hospital in the study’s location form Group 1, whereas those from other earthquake-affected provinces constitute Group 2. Significant predisposing factors for ambulance transportation included post-earthquake health facilities (P < 0.001), housing problems (P < 0.001), hygiene (P < 0.001), heating (P = 0.001), and smoke exposure (P < 0.001). In Group 2, pneumonia (P = 0.001), soft tissue infection (P = 0.002), sepsis (P = 0.004), carbon monoxide poisoning (P < 0.001), and diabetic emergencies (P = 0.013) were statistically significantly more frequent.

Conclusions
Analyzing post-earthquake ambulance-transported patients is vital to comprehend the demand for emergency health care and address post-disaster health care challenges.
The Urgent Need for Disaster Education as a Core Competency in Accredited Schools and Colleges of Public Health by the Council on Education for Public Health
Authors: Harris Curt , O’Neal Patrick , Taylor Morgan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Public Health is essential to disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. This has never been more evident than during the COVID-19 pandemic when public health was the disaster response lead. However, students are graduating from accredited schools and colleges of public health with limited or no education in disaster management. This is a crisis unto itself, and it is incumbent upon The Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH) to take immediate action. Public health preparedness should be recognized as a core element in public health curricula, and practical experiences, such as drills and simulations, are necessary to equip students with the confidence and competencies needed in high-stress situations. The need for such preparedness education extends beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a crucial step for creating a resilient and competent public health workforce capable of safeguarding community health in the face of complex and emerging challenges.
An update on Haiman’s conjectures
Authors: Abreu Alex Corrêa , Nigro Antonio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We revisit Haiman’s conjecture on the relations between characters of Kazdhan–Lusztig basis elements of the Hecke algebra over

$S_n$

. The conjecture asserts that, for purposes of character evaluation, any Kazhdan–Lusztig basis element is reducible to a sum of the simplest possible ones (those associated to so-called codominant permutations). When the basis element is associated to a smooth permutation, we are able to give a geometric proof of this conjecture. On the other hand, if the permutation is singular, we provide a counterexample.
Asymptotic freeness in tracial ultraproducts
Authors: Houdayer Cyril , Ioana Adrian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We prove novel asymptotic freeness results in tracial ultraproduct von Neumann algebras. In particular, we show that whenever

$M = M_1 \ast M_2$

is a tracial free product von Neumann algebra and

$u_1 \in \mathscr U(M_1)$

,

$u_2 \in \mathscr U(M_2)$

are Haar unitaries, the relative commutants

$\{u_1\}' \cap M^{\mathcal U}$

and

$\{u_2\}' \cap M^{\mathcal U}$

are freely independent in the ultraproduct

$M^{\mathcal U}$

. Our proof relies on Mei–Ricard’s results [MR16] regarding

$\operatorname {L}^p$

-boundedness (for all

$1 < p < +\infty $

) of certain Fourier multipliers in tracial amalgamated free products von Neumann algebras. We derive two applications. Firstly, we obtain a general absorption result in tracial amalgamated free products that recovers several previous maximal amenability/Gamma absorption results. Secondly, we prove a new lifting theorem which we combine with our asymptotic freeness results and Chifan–Ioana–Kunnawalkam Elayavalli’s recent construction [CIKE22] to provide the first example of a

$\mathrm {II_1}$

factor that does not have property Gamma and is not elementary equivalent to any free product of diffuse tracial von Neumann algebras.