bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Se mobiliser pour l’eau potable : une forme de régulation civique ?
Authors: Tindon Cécile , Barbier Rémi 
Published: December 2018

Au début des années 1990, l’eau potable est (re)devenue un objet d’attention publique. Un nouveau cadre réglementaire et institutionnel remodela les relations entre élus, opérateurs privés, services de l’État et usagers du service. Des associations se constituèrent également, formant des publics au sens de Dewey, c’est-à-dire des ensembles d’individus affectés par un problème et s’engageant dans une « enquête sociale » à son propos. Leur activité prit la forme de ce que nous qualifierons de régulation civique organisée : des interventions visant à mettre le service et ses acteurs sous surveillance afin de détecter et corriger d’éventuels manquements. Mobilisant les résultats d’une enquête conduite sur deux terrains principaux, le Rhône et l’Orléanais, l’article revient tout d’abord sur la trajectoire d’engagement des militants de l’eau, et distingue deux trajectoires idéales-typiques, l’une à dominante politique et militante, l’autre à dominante associative et gestionnaire. Il éclaire ensuite les dynamiques de constitution des associations et de leurs coordinations, puis caractérise la nature de leur activité autour d’un triptyque : la mise en politique de l’eau, en assumant une dimension de conflictualisation ; l’exercice d’une vigilance compétente qui se traduit par un suivi minutieux de toutes les activités des services ; la résolution de cas problématiques portés à leur connaissance. Enfin, l’article éclaire les tensions et fragilités de cette régulation civique, susceptibles de questionner à long terme sa pérennité.
L’école de la proximité : naissance et évolution d'une communauté de connaissance
Authors: Filippi Maryline , Wallet Frédéric , Polge Étienne 
Published: December 2018

L’objectif de cet article est de revenir sur l’évolution du groupe « Dynamiques de Proximité », analysé ici comme une communauté de connaissance. Si la notion de proximité s’est affirmée comme outil original d’analyse de la dimension spatiale des phénomènes économiques et sociaux, elle a été développée et popularisée par un groupe de chercheurs, pour connaître un engouement international. À partir de la constitution d’une base de données recensant les productions de ce groupe entre 1990 et 2014, nous mobilisons des outils d’analyse réseaux afin d'en caractériser la dynamique. Trois étapes marquant l’évolution de cette Communauté de Connaissance sont identifiées. Le papier montre que le travail de conceptualisation et d’opérationnalisation mené par le groupe a permis d’en faire un concept largement utilisé par les chercheurs mais aussi les praticiens. Paradoxalement, ce succès aboutit à un certain dessaisissement par la communauté de connaissance initiale dont les frontières tendent à se fondre dans d’autres collectifs scientifiques.
De l’importance de la proximité dans la capacité de résister aux chocs exogènes
Authors: Brunelle Cédric , Dubé Jean 
Published: December 2018

Cet article analyse l’impact des externalités spatiales et de la proximité géographique sur la capacité à résister aux chocs exogènes à partir d’une étude empirique de la survie d’entreprises individuelles dans la région du Bas-Saint-Laurent (Canada) entre 2006 et 2011. Bien que les externalités traditionnelles offrent de faibles preuves, nos résultats montrent que la proximité d’une variété d’industries apparentées de même que la densité locale des liens entre fournisseurs et clients favorisent la survie des entreprises au cours de la période. Ces effets ne sont toutefois pas uniformes dans l’espace – la proximité géographique modulant la capacité de résistance aux chocs. Nos résultats montrent que répartition spatiale des entreprises, même dans des régions périphériques et à faible densité, structure une variété de liens localisés et de relations de proximité, qui jouent un rôle significatif sur la capacité de résistance des entreprises aux chocs économiques.
Une analyse des installations localement indésirables en termes d’économie de la proximité
Authors: Mery Jacques , Matias-Mendes Marta 
Published: December 2018

Les proximités géographiques et organisées constituent des grilles d’analyse utiles pour la lecture des conflits environnementaux locaux, notamment ceux d’usage et de voisinage, comme ceux provoqués par les « Locally Undesirable Land Use » ( Lulu ) de la littérature nord-américaine des années 1980. Nous en proposons une application aux installations de stockage de déchets non dangereux de la France métropolitaine, à partir d’une connaissance géographique exhaustive de ces installations (avec des données originales en termes de proximité géographique) et d’une enquête de terrain sur neuf sites représentatifs. Au-delà de résultats classiques en termes de proximités géographiques et organisées, cette enquête montre comment les acteurs appréhendent et exploitent la notion de proximité, elle-même encadrée par une législation environnementale dont les aspects territoriaux et planificateurs sont en pleine évolution, mettant en tension scalaire différents intérêts généraux locaux.
Tipsy with Water: Emerson’s Poetic Intoxication
Authors: Gardes Yves 
Published: December 2018

Cet article propose de mettre en lumière le paradoxe de l’ivresse poétique dans l’œuvre d’Emerson. Parce qu’il fustige les effets des psychotropes conventionnels sur l’intellect, Emerson déconstruit la représentation traditionnelle du poète romantique : l’ivresse ne tiendrait pas le poète dans un état extatique qui formerait la source de son inspiration. Pourtant, s’il déconsidère les effets des psychotropes traditionnels, Emerson retient le processus d’ébriété comme une condition nécessaire à l’épanouissement poétique. La substance qui doit permettre au poète d’accéder à un état extatique sans voiler sa perception ou altérer ses sens n’est autre que l’eau. L’enjeu de cet article est ainsi de montrer quel état extatique l’eau peut bien produire sur le poète.
The Impact of Photorefractive Keratectomy and Mitomycin C on Corneal Nerves and Their Regeneration
Authors: Medeiros Carla S. , Marino Gustavo K. , Lassance Luciana , Thangavadivel Shanmugapriya , Santhiago Marcony R. , Wilson Steven E. 
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE:
To determine how photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and mitomycin C (MMC) affect corneal nerves and their regeneration over time after surgery.

METHODS:
Twenty-eight New Zealand rabbits had corneal epithelial scraping with (n = 3) and without (n = 3) MMC 0.02% or −9.00 diopter PRK with (n = 6) and without (n = 16) MMC 0.02%. Corneas were removed after death and corneal nerve morphology was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase immunohistochemistry and beta-III tubulin staining after 1 day for all groups, after 1 month for PRK with and without MMC, and 2, 3, and 6 months after PRK without MMC. Image-Pro software (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD) was used to quantitate the area of nerve loss after the procedures and, consequently, regeneration of the nerves over time. Opposite eyes were used as controls.

RESULTS:

Epithelial scraping with MMC treatment did not show a statistically significant difference in nerve loss compared to epithelial scraping without MMC (
P
= .40). PRK with MMC was significantly different from PRK without MMC at 1 day after surgery (
P
= .0009) but not different at 1 month after surgery (
P
= .90). In the PRK without MMC group, nerves regenerated at 2 months (
P
< .0001) but did not return to the normal preoperative level of innervation until 3 months after surgery (
P
= .05). However, the morphology of the regenerating nerves was abnormal—with more tortuosity and aberrant innervation compared to the preoperative controls—even at 6 months after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:
PRK negatively impacts the corneal nerves, but they are partially regenerated by 3 months after surgery in rabbits. Nerve loss after PRK extended peripherally to the excimer laser ablated zone, indicating that there was retrograde degeneration of nerves after PRK. MMC had a small additive toxic effect on the corneal nerves when combined with PRK that was only significant prior to 1 month after surgery.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(12):790–798.]
Mitochondria Released by Apoptotic Cell Death Initiate Innate Immune Responses
Authors: Zhu Minghua , Barbas Andrew S , Lin Liwen , Scheuermann Uwe , Bishawi Muath , Brennan Todd V 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In solid organ transplantation, cell death arising from ischemia/reperfusion leads to the release of several damage-associated molecular patterns derived from mitochondria. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) initiate proinflammatory responses, but it remains unknown whether the mode of cell death affects the inflammatory properties of mitochondria. Murine and human cell lines induced to selectively undergo apoptosis and necroptosis were used to examine the extracellular release of mitochondria during programmed cell death. Mitochondria purified from healthy, apoptotic, and necroptotic cells were used to stimulate macrophage inflammasome responses in vitro and neutrophil chemotaxis in vivo. Inhibition of specific mtDAMPs was performed to identify those responsible for macrophage inflammasome activation. A rat liver transplant model was used to identify apoptotic and necroptotic cell death in graft tissue following ischemia/reperfusion. Both apoptotic and necroptotic cell death occur in parallel in graft tissue. Apoptotic cells released more mitochondria than necroptotic cells. Moreover, mitochondria from apoptotic cells were significantly more inflammatory in terms of macrophage inflammasome activation and neutrophil recruitment. Inhibition of cellular synthesis of cardiolipin, a mitochondria-specific lipid and mtDAMP, significantly reduced the inflammasome-activating properties of apoptosis-derived mitochondria. Mitochondria derived from apoptotic cells are potent activators of innate immune responses, whereas mitochondria derived from healthy or necroptotic cells are significantly less inflammatory. Cardiolipin appears to be a key mtDAMP-regulating inflammasome activation by mitochondria. Methods of inhibiting apoptotic cell death in transplant grafts may be beneficial for reducing graft inflammation and transplant allosensitization.
Como analisar a questão crucial da compreensão em Matemática?
Authors: Duval Raymond , Morettti Méricles Thadeu 
Published: December 2018

O desafio maior do ensino de matemática é fazer com que os alunos entrem na maneira de pensar e de trabalhar que é específica à matemática uma vez que é essa a condição que precede a toda aquisição dos conceitos em matemática. Mas, para isso é preciso analisar o modo matemático de pensar e trabalhar naquilo que tem de radicalmente diferente dos modos mais espontâneos de pensar e trabalhar em outros domínios do conhecimento. A teoria dos registros de representação semiótica é essencialmente um instrumento que foi elaborado para analisar a maneira de pensar e de trabalhar a matemática quaisquer que sejam os conceitos e domínios (geometria, álgebra, análise...) tratados. De certa forma, a atividade matemática possui dois lados: o lado que aparece quando se considera o ponto de vista matemático e outro lado que se revela quando se considera o ponto de vista cognitivo. Neste artigo, discute-se a importância e a necessidade de fazer com que os alunos se insiram no modo de pensar e de trabalhar que é específico à matemática. Para tanto, as seguintes questões serão abordadas:– Como descrever a maneira de pensar e de trabalhar em matemática?– A conversão de representações é o primeiro obstáculo à compreensão em matemática?– O que significa “compreender matemática”?– Os dois lados da atividade matemática são considerados no ensino e na pesquisa em educação matemática?
Teorias de Educação Matemática: contribuições na formação do futuro pesquisador
Authors: Freitas Rita Lobo , Igliori Sonia Barbosa Camargo 
Published: December 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo sobre elementos teóricos de diferentes autores que influenciam e atuam diretamente nas discussões sobre problemas no ensino e aprendizagem da matemática, durante aulas de teorias de educação matemática em um programa de doutorado, realizado em uma universidade brasileira. O principal objetivo aqui foi identificar quais contribuições este estudo construiu para a formação de um potencial pesquisador em educação matemática. É organizado em categorias, de acordo com teorias e trabalhos correlatos estudados, tomando como perspectiva os aspectos históricos, filosóficos, epistemológicos e cognitivos da educação matemática. Após uma cuidadosa análise sobre os temas estudados, as construções escritas e uma produção de seminários dos alunos, foi possível deduzir que o trabalho realizado durante essas aulas poderia auxiliar na aquisição de conhecimentos sobre uma área em constituição, seus conflitos e alguns de seus conceitos teóricos
Comprehensive organic emission profiles for gasoline, diesel, and gas-turbine engines including intermediate and semi-volatile organic compound emissions
Authors: Lu Quanyang , Zhao Yunliang , Robinson Allen L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Emissions from mobile sources are important contributors to both
primary and secondary organic aerosols (POA and SOA) in urban environments.
We compiled recently published data to create comprehensive model-ready
organic emission profiles for on- and off-road gasoline, gas-turbine, and
diesel engines. The profiles span the entire volatility range, including
volatile organic compounds (VOCs, effective saturation concentration
C*=107–1011 µg m−3),
intermediate-volatile organic compounds (IVOCs,
C*=103–106 µg m−3), semi-volatile organic compounds
(SVOCs, C*=1–102 µg m−3), low-volatile organic
compounds (LVOCs, C*≤0.1 µg m−3) and non-volatile
organic compounds (NVOCs). Although our profiles are comprehensive, this
paper focuses on the IVOC and SVOC fractions to improve predictions of SOA
formation. Organic emissions from all three source categories feature
tri-modal volatility distributions (“by-product” mode, “fuel” mode, and
“lubricant oil” mode). Despite wide variations in emission factors for
total organics, the mass fractions of IVOCs and SVOCs are relatively
consistent across sources using the same fuel type, for example, contributing
4.5 % (2.4 %–9.6 % as 10th to 90th percentiles) and
1.1 % (0.4 %–3.6 %) for a diverse fleet of light duty gasoline
vehicles tested over the cold-start unified cycle, respectively. This
consistency indicates that a limited number of profiles are needed to
construct emissions inventories. We define five distinct profiles:
(i) cold-start and off-road gasoline, (ii) hot-operation gasoline,
(iii) gas-turbine, (iv) traditional diesel and (v) diesel-particulate-filter
equipped diesel. These profiles are designed to be directly implemented into
chemical transport models and inventories. We compare emissions to unburned
fuel; gasoline and gas-turbine emissions are enriched in IVOCs relative to
unburned fuel. The new profiles predict that IVOCs and SVOC vapour will
contribute significantly to SOA production. We compare our new profiles to
traditional source profiles and various scaling approaches used previously to
estimate IVOC emissions. These comparisons reveal large errors in these
different approaches, ranging from failure to account for IVOC emissions
(traditional source profiles) to assuming source-invariant scaling ratios
(most IVOC scaling approaches).
The impact of pneumococcal vaccination on pneumonia mortality among the elderly in Japan: a difference-in-difference study
Authors: Jung Sung-mok , Lee Hyojung , Nishiura Hiroshi 
Published: December 2018

Background
It is plausible that the routine immunization among infants using pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 (PCV13) from 2013 and among the elderly using pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23 (PPV23) from 2014 contributed to reducing the pneumonia mortality among the elderly in Japan. The present study aimed to estimate the causal effect of this vaccination on pneumonia mortality, using the available cause-of-death data and employing a difference-in-difference (DID) design.

Methods
Two types of mortality data, that is, prefecture-dependent and age- and gender-specific mortality data, from 2003 to 2017 were retrieved. We used mortality due to malignant neoplasm and heart disease as control groups and employed a DID design with an assumed parallel mortality trend between pneumonia and control group mortality since 2013 to estimate the causal effect of pneumococcal vaccination from 2014.

Results
Our estimation based on malignant neoplasm and heart disease as controls indicated that the reduced pneumonia mortality in 2017 owing to pneumococcal vaccination was as large as 41.9 (33.2, 50.6) and 31.2 (23.8, 38.6) per 100,000 individuals, respectively. The largest mortality reduction was observed for the oldest group (aged ≥90 years), especially among men.

Discussion
The pneumococcal vaccination program, perhaps mainly represented by high vaccination coverage of PCV13 among children and partly by PPV23 administration with low coverage among the elderly in Japan, was shown to have reduced the pneumonia mortality in the elderly at the population level.
A
rdenticatenia
Authors: Kawaichi Satoshi , Yoshida Takashi , Sako Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Ar.den.ti.ca.te'ni.a. N.L. fem. n.
Ardenticatena
the type genus of the type order of the class; suff. ‐
ia
ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Ardenticatenia
the
Ardenticatenales
class.

Chloroflexi / Ardenticatenia

The class
Ardenticatenia
is currently represented by a single species, which was reportedly distinct from members of other classes on the basis of a phylogenetic tree by comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis from a wide variety of cultivated strains and environmental clones. Cells are nonpigmented and form multicellular filaments. Spores are not formed. Thermophilic chemoorganotrophs.
A
rdenticatenaceae
Authors: Kawaichi Satoshi , Yoshida Takashi , Sako Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Ar.den.ti.ca.te.na.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Ardenticatena
type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Ardenticatenaceae
the family of
Ardenticatena
.

Chloroflexi / Ardenticatenia / Ardenticatenales / Ardenticatenaceae

Multicellular filaments of indefinite length, unbranched, and undifferentiated. Individual cells are 0.2–0.5 µm in diameter and 2 µm in length. Nonmotile. Grow under aerobic or anaerobic conditions using nitrate of ferric iron as a terminal electron acceptor. Thermophilic with optimum growth temperature between 55 and 70°C. Neither photosynthetic nor fermentative growth is observed. Spores are not formed. The cellular fatty acids consist primarily of saturated fatty acids (e.g., C
22:0
and C
19:0
).

The family
Ardenticatenaceae
was proposed and validated as a subordinate taxon of the order
Ardenticatenales
based on its phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic characteristics. The family currently includes only one monospecific genus,
Ardenticatena
. Therefore, the current description of the family is the same as for the genus
Ardenticatena
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 51.5 (HPLC).

Type genus
:
Ardenticatena
Kawaichi, Ito, Kamikawa, Sugawara, Yoshida and Sako 2013a, 2999
VP
.
Halorubrum
Authors: Oren Aharon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHa.lo.ru'brum. Gr. n.hals,halos, salt; L. neut. adj.rubrum, red; N.L. neut. n.Halorubrumsalt (‐requiring) and red.Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Halorubraceae / HalorubrumWith 37 species,Halorubrum(familyHalorubraceae, orderHaloferacales) is the largest genus within the classHalobacteria. Cells ofHalorubrumspecies are rod shaped or pleomorphic under optimal growth conditions and stain Gram‐negative. Some species are motile. Colonies are generally red‐orange due to the presence of bacterioruberin carotenoids, but some species are almost colorless; retinal pigments can also be present. Some strains produce gas vesicles.Halorubrumspecies are extremely halophilic, with growth occurring in media containing 1.0–5.2 M NaCl; the optimum magnesium concentration varies between 0.005 and 0.6 M. Cells lyse in distilled water. The genus contains both neutrophilic and alkaliphilic species. All are aerobic chemoorganotrophs; anaerobic growth of some species was reported in the presence of nitrate or arginine. Some species grow on single carbon sources. Most species use sugars, some with the production of acids. The major polar lipids are C20C20and sometimes C20C25glycerol diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (in most species), and a sulfated glucosyl mannosyl diether, for some species identified as S‐DGD‐3. Alkaliphilic species lack glycolipids. The DNA G + C content is between 60.2 and 71.2 mol%.Halorubrumspecies have been isolated from marine salterns, salt lakes, soda lakes, saline soils, rock salt, salted foods, and other hypersaline environments. The type species isHalorubrum saccharovorum.Later homotypic synonym:HalorubrobacteriumKamekura and Dyall‐Smith 1996, 625VP(Effective publication: Kamekura and Dyall‐Smith 1995, 345).DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.2–71.2.Type species:Halorubrum saccharovorum(Tomlinson and Hochstein 1976) McGenity and Grant 1996, 362VP(Effective publication: McGenity and Grant 1995, 241) (Halobacterium saccharovorumTomlinson and Hochstein 1977, 306;Halorubrobacterium saccharovorum(Tomlinson and Hochstein 1976) Kamekura and Dyall‐Smith 1996, 625).
N
atronobacterium
Authors: Oren Aharon 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Na.tro.no.bac.te'ri.um
. N.L. n.
natron
(arbitrarily derived from the Arabic n.
natrun
or
natron
) soda, sodium carbonate; N.L. pref.
natrono‐
, pertaining to soda; N.L. neut. n.
bacterium
, a small rod; N.L. neut. n.
Natronobacterium
, soda rod.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Natrialbales / Natrialbaceae / Natronobacterium

The genus
Natronobacterium
(family
Natrialbaceae
, order
Natrialbales
, class
Halobacteria
) contains two species of haloalkaliphilic, nonmotile, and rod‐shaped or coccoid cells that lyse in distilled water. Colonies are red due to the presence of bacterioruberin carotenoids. The organisms are aerobic chemoorganotrophs; growth is stimulated by some sugars. The major polar lipids are C
20
C
20
and C
20
C
25
glycerol diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. Minor amounts of glycolipids may be present. The DNA G + C content is between 61.1 and 62.9 mol% (genome sequence). The type strains of the two
Natronobacterium
species were isolated from a saltern near a hypersaline soda lake in Kenya and from the soil of a dried‐out lake in Mexico. The type species is
Natronobacterium gregoryi
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 61.1–62.9 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Natronobacterium gregoryi
Tindall, Ross and Grant 1984b, 355
VP
(Effective publication: Tindall, Ross and Grant 1984a, 54).