bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal imaging in a young male with osteogenesis imperfecta complicated with choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Bellanca Riccardo Francesco , Scarinci Fabio , Parravano Mariacristina 
Published: November 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the role of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta complicated with choroidal neovascularization. Case report: A 28-year-old man, diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta, was referred 2 months after the appearance of central scotoma and metamorphopsia in the right eye. The patient underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation including visual acuity examination as well as ophthalmoscopy, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, fluorescein angiography and microperimetry. Complete examination revealed macular lacquer crack with subretinal haemorrhage. A further investigation with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography revealed the presence of choroidal neovascularization without clear activity associated to the lacquer crack. After a 1-month follow-up, both visual acuity and retinal sensitivity improved spontaneously. Conclusion: Collagen deficiency of osteogenesis imperfecta leads to fragility of the Bruch’s membrane; tension forces probably act at this level determining ruptures with bleeding and choroidal neovascularization formation. Multimodal imaging and functional evaluation are needed to assess retinal alterations in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, whereas treatment of choroidal neovascularization should be reserved only for active lesion to prevent evolution and visual acuity decrement.
Development of the Arm Function in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire-Short Form (AMSQ-SF): A static 10-item version
Authors: Luijten Michiel AJ , Eekhout Iris , D’Hooghe Marie , Uitdehaag Bernard MJ , Mokkink Lidwine B 
Published: November 2018

Background: Assessing arm and hand function of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is important as impaired functioning may impact daily activities and reduce quality of life. Objective: A short-form of the Arm Function in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire (AMSQ), a recently developed patient-reported outcome measure containing 31 items, is developed to allow non-adaptive application. Methods: Complete data from 690 patients with MS, recruited via outpatient clinics, a residential center or via a Dutch website aimed at MS patients, were included in the analyses. A graded response model was fit to these data to estimate item response theory (IRT) parameters, which were used to perform post hoc computerized adaptive test (CAT) simulations with a cutoff standard error of measurement (SEM) of 0.32. The optimal test length was determined by the correlation between the static short-form and full-length theta, the mean SEM, and the amount of patients reaching a satisfactory SEM in CAT simulations. Results and Conclusion: Based on five selection criteria (i.e. discrimination parameters, total information, times selected in CAT simulations, raw item means, and item content), 10 items were selected for inclusion in the short-form. The score on the final 10-item short-form correlated strongly with the full-length AMSQ and provided reliable ability estimations, indicating its usefulness instrument in research and clinical settings.
Ezetimibe — the first in a new class
Authors: Davis Harry 
Published: November 2018

In animal models, ezetimibe has been observed to lower plasma total, chylomicron, very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. It inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice. In combination with statins in dogs, it reduces plasma cholesterol in a synergistic manner. In a study in humans, treatment with ezetimibe gave a 54% reduction in absorption of cholesterol. There was a wide range of cholesterol absorption and drug activity among these individuals.
Comparison of overall survival and unplanned hospital readmissions between partial and radical nephrectomy for cT1a and cT1b renal masses
Authors: Chong Julio T. , Paulucci David , Lubin Marc , Beksac Alp Tuna , Gin Greg , Sfakianos John P. , Badani Ketan K. 
Published: November 2018

Background: The aim of the study was to compare overall survival (OS) and unplanned hospital readmissions (UHRs) within 30 days between partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN) for clinically localized T1 renal tumors. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried to identify 51,018 patients who had undergone RN ( n = 23,904; 46.9%) or PN ( n = 27,114; 53.1%) for a cT1N0M0 renal mass from 2004 to 2013. OS and UHRs were compared using inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW)-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: For patients with a cT1a tumor, IPTW-adjusted analysis showed PN compared with RN was associated with improved OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.56, 0.67; p < 0.001) with a 5-year and 10-year IPTW-adjusted OS of 93.0% versus 88.2% and 78.1% versus 71.7%, respectively with no difference in UHR (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.90, 1.16; p = 0.727). For patients with a cT1b tumor, IPTW-adjusted analysis showed PN compared with RN to be associated with marginally improved OS (HR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.82, 0.99; p = 0.025) with a 5-year and 10-year IPTW-adjusted OS of 85.3% versus 84.3% and 70.8% versus 63.6%, respectively, with more UHRs for PN (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.19, 1.72; p < 0.001). Conclusions: PN compared with RN was associated with a significant survival benefit for patients with a cT1a renal mass and a modest survival benefit for patients with a cT1b renal mass. PN should be offered over RN when feasible despite a marginal increase in UHRs for PN of cT1b tumors. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these findings.
Attitudes towards smokefree high streets: a survey of local shoppers in a northern UK town
Authors: Brenner Gilly , Mann Kaye , Lee Diane , Burrows Julia , Crosby Scott 
Published: November 2018

Objective: As a local authority we wanted to practically determine the perception of the public to smokefree zones in shopping high streets and other local outdoor public places. Methods: A survey was carried out by students on a convenience sample of shoppers on a single busy market day in Barnsley. Results: In all, 142 responses were collected; 28% were smokers and 15% e-cigarette users. The majority (69%) of respondents were not against smokefree high streets, including 68% of smokers; 69% of respondents (including 61% of smokers) were not against all public areas becoming smokefree; 70% of respondents (including 63% of smokers) were not against outdoor seating areas, such as those outside pubs and cafés becoming smokefree. There was a marginal preference that smokefree outdoor zones should be voluntary (42%) rather than enforced (39%). Most respondents believed that people smoking around children was influential in determining whether those children go on to take up smoking when they get older. Most smokers (92%) said they already moderated their smoking behaviour in some way when children were present, including 44% who claimed that when children are around they do not smoke at all. Conclusion: This study gives strength to the argument for local authorities to implement voluntary outdoor smokefree zones in public places such as shopping high streets, as a part of a comprehensive tobacco control plan. Shoppers were generally supportive of smokefree zones and in particular where the rationale for their implementation is to protect children from taking up smoking.
Unusual invasion of primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a cat
Authors: Ambrosini Yoko M , Johnson Kelsey A , Matthews Morgan , Sato Amy F 
Published: November 2018

Case summary An 11-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was referred to the Foster Hospital for Small Animals, USA for suspected dysautonomia based on weight loss, vomiting and referral radiographs that showed severe dilation of the esophagus, stomach and entire gastrointestinal tract. After recheck radiographs revealed a decrease in gas compared with the referral images, persistently reduced gastrointestinal motility was deemed less likely; however, cardiomegaly and a soft tissue opacity overlying the esophagus were noted. Echocardiogram identified a pulmonary mass either impinging on or invading the local organs. At necropsy, gross pathology and histopathology showed an aggressive pulmonary carcinoma invading the heart, trachea and esophagus, resulting in a focal esophageal stricture. Gastrointestinal gas dilation was most likely secondary to aerophagia as a result of chronic partial esophageal obstruction. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first reported feline case of invasion of the esophagus and heart by a pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Other than weight loss, the clinical signs for this invasive neoplasm were not evident until the cat was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and prescribed oral medications. This reinforces the fact that pulmonary adenocarcinoma is difficult to detect clinically until secondary problems from the primary or metastatic neoplasm arise.
Invasive nasal histiocytic sarcoma as a cause of temporal lobe epilepsy in a cat
Authors: Santifort Koen M , Jurgens Ben , Grinwis Guy CM , Gielen Ingrid , Meij Björn P , Mandigers Paul JJ 
Published: November 2018

Case summary A 10-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was presented with an acute onset of neurological signs suggestive of a right-sided forebrain lesion, temporal lobe epilepsy and generalised seizure activity. MRI of the head revealed an expansile soft tissue mass in the caudal nasal passages (both sides but predominantly right-sided) involving the ethmoid bone and extending through the cribriform plate into the cranial vault affecting predominantly the right frontal lobe and temporal lobe. Histopathological examination of the tumour revealed a histiocytic sarcoma. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of a cat with clinical signs of temporal lobe epilepsy due to an invasive, histiocytic sarcoma. Histiocytic sarcoma, although rare, should be included in the list of differential diagnoses for soft tissue masses extending through the cribriform plate. Other differential diagnoses are primary nasal neoplasia (eg, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, chondrosarcoma and other types of sarcomas), lymphoma and olfactory neuroblastoma. Temporal lobe epilepsy in cats can be the consequence of primary pathology of temporal lobe structures, or it can be a consequence of pathology with an effect on these structures (eg, mass effect or disruption of interconnecting neuronal pathways).
A structure hierarchy for silicate minerals: sheet silicates
Authors: Hawthorne Frank C. , Uvarova Yulia A. , Sokolova Elena 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe structure hierarchy hypothesis states thatstructures may be ordered hierarchically according to the polymerisation of coordination polyhedra of higher bond-valence. A hierarchical structural classification is developed for sheet-silicate minerals based on the connectedness of the two-dimensional polymerisations of (TO4) tetrahedra, where T = Si4+plus As5+, Al3+, Fe3+, B3+, Be2+, Zn2+and Mg2+. Two-dimensional nets and oikodoméic operations are used to generate the silicate (sensu lato) structural units of single-layer, double-layer and higher-layer sheet-silicate minerals, and the interstitial complexes (cation identity, coordination number and ligancy, and the types and amounts of interstitial (H2O) groups) are recorded. Key aspects of the silicate structural unit include: (1) the type of plane net on which the sheet (or parent sheet) is based; (2) the u (up) and d (down) directions of the constituent tetrahedra relative to the plane of the sheet; (3) the planar or folded nature of the sheet; (4) the layer multiplicity of the sheet (single, double or higher); and (5) the details of the oikodoméic operations for multiple-layer sheets. Simple 3-connected plane nets (such as 63, 4.82and 4.6.12) have the stoichiometry (T2O5)n(Si:O = 1:2.5) and are the basis of most of the common rock-forming sheet-silicate minerals as well as many less-common species. Oikodoméic operations, e.g. insertion of 2- or 4-connected vertices into 3-connected plane nets, formation of double-layer sheet-structures by (topological) reflection or rotation operations, affect the connectedness of the resulting sheets and lead to both positive and negative deviations from Si:O = 1:2.5 stoichiometry. Following description of the structural units in all sheet-silicate minerals, the minerals are arranged into decreasing Si:O ratio from 3.0 to 2.0, an arrangement that reflects their increasing structural connectivity. Considering the silicate component of minerals, the range of composition of the sheet silicates completely overlaps the compositional ranges of framework silicates and most of the chain-ribbon-tube silicates.
Neurogenesis in the sea urchin embryo is initiated uniquely in three domains
Authors: McClay David R. , Miranda Esther , Feinberg Stacy L. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Many marine larvae begin feeding within a day of fertilization, thus requiring rapid development of a nervous system to coordinate feeding activities. Here, we examine the patterning and specification of early neurogenesis in sea urchin embryos. Lineage analysis indicates that neurons arise locally in three regions of the embryo. Perturbation analyses showed that when patterning is disrupted, neurogenesis in the three regions is differentially affected, indicating distinct patterning requirements for each neural domain. Six transcription factors that function during proneural specification were identified and studied in detail. Perturbations of these proneural transcription factors showed that specification occurs differently in each neural domain prior to the Delta-Notch restriction signal. Though gene regulatory network state changes beyond the proneural restriction are largely unresolved, the data here show that the three neural regions already differ from each other significantly early in specification. Future studies that define the larval nervous system in the sea urchin must therefore separately characterize the three populations of neurons that enable the larva to feed, to navigate, and to move food particles through the gut.
Single cell transcriptome analysis of human, marmoset and mouse embryos reveals common and divergent features of preimplantation development
Authors: Boroviak Thorsten , Stirparo Giuliano G. , Dietmann Sabine , Hernando-Herraez Irene , Mohammed Hisham , Reik Wolf , Smith Austin , Sasaki Erika , Nichols Jennifer , Bertone Paul 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The mouse embryo is the canonical model for mammalian preimplantation development. Recent advances in single cell profiling allow detailed analysis of embryogenesis in other eutherian species, including human, to distinguish conserved from divergent regulatory programs and signalling pathways in the rodent paradigm. Here, we identify and compare transcriptional features of human, marmoset and mouse embryos by single cell RNA-seq. Zygotic genome activation correlates with the presence of polycomb repressive complexes in all three species, while ribosome biogenesis emerges as a predominant attribute in primate embryos, supporting prolonged translation of maternally deposited RNAs. We find that transposable element expression signatures are species, stage and lineage specific. The pluripotency network in the primate epiblast lacks certain regulators that are operative in mouse, but encompasses WNT components and genes associated with trophoblast specification. Sequential activation of GATA6, SOX17 and GATA4 markers of primitive endoderm identity is conserved in primates. Unexpectedly, OTX2 is also associated with primitive endoderm specification in human and non-human primate blastocysts. Our cross-species analysis demarcates both conserved and primate-specific features of preimplantation development, and underscores the molecular adaptability of early mammalian embryogenesis.
Analysis of survival for patients in relation to central venous catheter and nosocomial blood stream infections: A case study of Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi
Authors: Kiroro Francis Maina , Twahir Majid 
Published: November 2018

Background: This study was focussed on survival rates of patients admitted to acute care units who utilized medical devices known as central venous catheters (CVC). CVCs are useful devices in clinical care; however some infections such as central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) may occur, which are associated with increased lengths of stay and costs as well as higher morbidity and mortality rates. The overall objective of the present study was to determine survival probabilities and hazard rates for patients who used CVC devices and compare the subgroups by infection status. Methods: The study was focused on all patients who were admitted to Critical Care Units between 8th December 2012 and 31st March 2016 and utilized CVC devices. It was a retrospective study. Survival analysis techniques, test of equality of proportions, Man-Whitney test and Chi–square test of independence were used. Results: A total of 363 out of 1089 patients included in the study died during hospitalization. 47 patients developed nosocomial CLABSI. The average duration was 18.19 days and median of 12 days for hospitalized patients who did not develop a nosocomial CLABSI compared to an average of 56.79 days and a median of 51 days for those who did. There was a significantly higher proportion of mortality of those who developed nosocomial CLABSI compared to those that didn’t (p-value=0.01379). The results indicate that there was a significant association between infection status and discharge status, and significant difference to the survival rates of the patients based on infection status. Conclusions: There is a significant impact on mortality and morbidity of patients who develop nosocomial CLABSI. The duration of hospitalization by patients who developed CLABSI was significantly higher compared to patients who did not. Increased length of stay leads to higher cost of hospitalization.
No Joint Ownership! Shared Emotions Are Social-relational Emotions
Authors: Bohl Vivian 
Published: November 2018

There are cases of emotion that we readily describe as 'sharing emotions with other people.' How should we understand such cases? Joel Krueger has proposed the Joint Ownership Thesis (JOT): the view that two or more people can literally share the same emotional episode. His view is partly inspired by his reading of Merleau-Ponty -- arguably Merleau-Ponty advocates a version of JOT in his "The child's relations with others." My critical analysis demonstrates that JOT is flawed in several respects: 1) It involves a vague account of joint subjects; 2) It relies on a confusion between phenomenological and ontological levels of analysis. When these are clearly distinguished, Krueger's phenomenological analysis contradicts JOT understood as an ontological claim; 3) It relies on a highly problematic coupling-constitution inference; 4) It relies on a shift from the claim that the child and the caregiver jointly realize an emotion, to the claim about joint ownership, which is a non sequitur. I argue that we can reach a better understanding of the phenomenon of shared emotions by bringing in another level of analysis: that of social relationships. I propose that shared emotions are a special case of social-relational emotions, typically arising within and/or giving rise to communal relationships.
Вопрос о динамике лексики русского языка в конце ХХ—начале ХХI вв. на страницах журнала „Studia Rossica Posnaniensia”
Authors: Kosmeda Tetiana 
Published: November 2018

In the course of analysing publications from the journal “Studia Rossica Posnaniensia”, devoted to the problem of Russian vocabulary mobility during the last 20–30 years, it was concluded that Russian vocabulary is actively enriched by borrowings and internationalisms, in particular: the formation of new words (morphological way), in the sphere of personal naming, broadening the lexico-semantic group of adverbs. Onomastics has been actively developed; set word meanings have extended and transformed; among newly formed words there are many that express emotionally evaluative relations; finally, the stylistic status of words is being changed, with the corpus of profanities enriched.
Когнитивная семантика концепта „обман” в современном русском языке
Authors: Małecki Łukasz 
Published: November 2018

“Lying” in human consciousness takes the form of a concept — a mental form described by means of such features as traditions, customs, special stereotypes of thinking, behavior models, etc. This article attempts to analyze the linguistic realization of the concept of a “lie” in the Russian language. This language analysis is based on the purposes of cognitive definition.
Транспарентный „белый” — размышления о семантике
Authors: Narloch Andrzej 
Published: November 2018

The article describes the semantic structure of the adjective “white” in the Russian language. The author bases his analysis on R. Tokarski’s theory of two meanings of the colour white. The article formulates a hypothesis on the existence of so-called 'transparent whiteness'. His analysis uses lexicographical data taken from contemporary Russian dictionaries as well as historical data.
Лингвистическая репрезентация художественного концепта ОНА-ЖЕНЩИНА (на материале автобиографического романа Марии Арбатовой „Мне-46”)
Authors: Oshchepkova Anastasia 
Published: November 2018

This work is related to the field of linguo-cultural studies, and also touches on the area of cognitive linguistics. The purpose is to describe the concept of “SHE — WOMEN” by analyzing text vocabulary which relates to a reduced style and which is distributed into lexical-thematic groups. The practical part of this article includes a description of each of the selected lexicalthematic groups. In the final part of the work, I describe the concept of “SHE — WOMEN” and draw conclusions.
First record of the red alga Tiffaniella gorgonea: an introduced species in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Salhi Ghizlane , Hassoun Mustapha , Moussa Hanaa , Zbakh Hanaa , Kazzaz Mohamed , Riadi Hassane 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The red alga Tiffaniella gorgonea (Wrangeliaceae, Rhodophyta) is found and described for the first time from the Mediterranean Sea. This species was collected growing as epiphyte on three species of Codium in the lower intertidal zone from Dalya, Cabo Negro and Al-Hoceima on the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. Moroccan specimens were studied in detail and compared with two other closely related species reported previously from Morocco and the Mediterranean Sea. A key to the Mediterranean and Moroccan species of Tiffaniella is provided. Habitat, geographical distribution, and the possible vector of introduction of the new alien are presented and discussed in this work. Taxonomic remarks, a description and images of the macroscopic and microscopic characters are provided for this taxon.