bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicine‐related beliefs predict attribution of symptoms to a sham medicine: A prospective study
Authors: Webster Rebecca K. , Weinman John , Rubin G. James 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate a range of possible predictors of nocebo responses to medicines.DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsIn total, 203 healthy adult volunteers completed measures concerning demographics, psychological factors, medicine‐related beliefs, baseline symptoms, and symptom expectations before taking a sham pill, described as ‘a well‐known tablet available without prescription’ that was known to be associated with several side effects. Associations between these measures and subsequent attribution of symptoms to the tablet were assessed using a hurdle model consisting of a joint logistic and truncated negative binomial regression.ResultsMen had an increased odds of attributing symptoms to the tablet OR = 1.52, and older participants had decreased odds, OR = 0.97. Medicine‐related beliefs were important, with modern health worries, belief that medicines cause harm and perceived sensitivity to medicines associated with increased odds of symptom attribution, OR = 1.02, 1.10, 1.09, respectively. Trust in medicines and pharmaceutical companies decreased the odds of symptom attribution, OR = 0.91, 0.88, respectively. The number of symptoms at baseline and the expected likelihood of symptoms were associated with an increased odds of attributing symptoms to the tablet, OR = 1.07, 1.06, respectively. Anxiety, previous symptom experience, symptom expectations, and modern health worries were also important in predicting the number of symptoms participants attributed to the tablet.ConclusionIt is hard to predict who is at risk of developing nocebo responses to medicines from demographic or personality characteristics. Context‐specific factors such as beliefs about and trust in medicines, current symptoms and symptom expectations are more useful as predictors. More work is needed to investigate this in a patient sample.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Many patients report non‐specific side effects to their medication which may arise through a nocebo effect.

Whether some people are particularly predisposed to experience nocebo effects remains unclear.

What does this study add?

Demographic and personality characteristics are poor predictors of symptom attribution to a sham medicine.

Instead, context‐specific factors that concern people's beliefs surrounding medicines, their current symptoms, and symptom expectations are more useful as predictors of symptom attribution.
REGIONAL ANTI‐CORRUPTION EFFORT, POLITICAL CONNECTIONS AND FIRM INNOVATION EFFORT: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: Yu Feifei , Guo Yue , Lettic Fiona , Barnes Stuart J 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper examines how firm characteristics and local anti‐corruption effort moderate the influence of political connections on enterprises’ private R&D investment using data from 2,587 Chinese A‐share listed enterprises. Our results show that the local anti‐corruption institutional environment significantly moderates the strong relationship between political connections and enterprises’ private R&D investment. Firm characteristics (i.e., firm size and firm age) also show a moderating effect on the relationship between political connection and enterprises’ private R&D investment; larger and older enterprises are more likely to have innovative resources and business cooperation partners, and thus are able to reduce their degree of reliance on political connections and government funding. The results of our study suggest the importance of having a transparent and fair institutional environment for enterprise innovation activities.
CRNDE: An important oncogenic long non‐coding RNA in human cancers
Authors: Zhang Jiaming , Yin Minuo , Peng Gang , Zhao Yingchao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAberrant overexpression of long non‐coding RNA CRNDE (Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed) is confirmed in various human cancers, which is correlated with advanced clinicopathological features and poor prognosis. CRNDE promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and suppresses apoptosis in complicated mechanisms, which result in the initialization and development of human cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of the oncogenic role and potential clinical applications of CRNDE.
Tranquilizer misuse among active cocaine users: Predictors of initiation
Authors: Roy Élise , Arruda Nelson , Jutras‐Aswad Didier , Berbiche Djamal , Motta‐Ochoa Rossio , Bruneau Julie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTranquilizer use is associated with negative health outcomes among people who use drugs. This paper aims to estimate the incidence rate (initiation) and identify predictors of tranquilizer misuse (TM) among cocaine users.Design and MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in Montreal, Canada. Interviewer‐administered questionnaires were carried out at 3‐month intervals. Initiation was defined as misusing a tranquilizer for the first time during follow‐up. ‘Lasting‐initiation’, defined as reporting TM at the next visit following first use, was also examined. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were carried out to assess predictors of initiation to TM.ResultsAmong the 245 participants who were eligible for the initiation analyses, 123 started TM during follow‐up for an incidence rate of 40.49 per 100 person‐years (95% confidence interval, CI: 33.80–48.15). Of the 123 initiates, 35.7% were still using at the interview following initiation for an incidence rate of 14.70 per 100 person‐years (95% CI: 10.82–19.56). Multivariate models showed that independent predictors of initiation and ‘lasting initiation’ were identical as having had a criminal activity as the main source of income, having been recently in treatment for a substance use disorder (SUD) and reporting non‐medical use of prescription opioids.Discussion and ConclusionsThe incidence rate of TM initiation was high among a sample of cocaine users. Initiation was predicted by a problematic drug use pattern involving polydrug use, involvement in the street economy and having been in treatment for a SUD. These findings have implications for prevention and harm reduction strategies.
Metformin does not affect postabsorptive hepatic free fatty acid uptake, oxidation or resecretion in humans: A 3‐month placebo‐controlled clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls
Authors: Gormsen Lars C. , Søndergaard Esben , Christensen Nana L. , Jakobsen Steen , Nielsen Erik H. T. , Munk Ole L. , Tolbod Lars P. , Jessen Niels , Nielsen Søren 
Published: February 2018

AimsTo explore whether the pre‐clinical findings that metformin improves lipid metabolism, possibly through modulation of intrahepatic partitioning of fatty acids towards oxidation and away from re‐esterification and resecretion as triglycerides (TGs), can be translated to a human setting.Materials and methodsWe performed a 3‐month randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 24) and healthy controls (n = 12). Patients with T2D received either placebo (placebo group) or 1000 mg metformin twice daily (metformin group), while healthy subjects were all treated with metformin (control group). Hepatic fatty acid metabolism was measured by [11C]palmitate positron‐emission tomography, hepatic TG secretion and peripheral oxidation by ex vivo labelled [1‐14C]VLDL‐TG and VLDL particle size by TG/apolipoprotein B ratio. Body composition was assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray and whole‐body lipid oxidation by indirect calorimetry.ResultsMetformin treatment for 3 months produced the anticipated decrease in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in the metformin group (FPG 7.9 ± 1.8 mM [study day 1] vs 6.4 ± 1.1 mM [study day 2]), whereas patients in the placebo group and healthy controls had similar FPG levels before and after the trial (mixed model group vs time interaction; P = .003); however, contrary to our hypothesis, metformin treatment did not affect hepatic lipid metabolism or peripheral oxidation.ConclusionThe observed beneficial effects on lipid metabolism during metformin treatment in humans appear to be secondary to long‐term alterations in body composition or glucose homeostasis.
Nicotinic activity layer specifically modulates synaptic potentiation in the mouse insular cortex
Authors: Toyoda Hiroki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the insular cortex play an important role in nicotine addiction, but its cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction still remain unresolved. In layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the mouse insular cortex, activation of nAChRs suppresses synaptic potentiation through enhancing GABAergic synaptic transmission via activation of β2‐containing nAChRs in non‐fast‐spiking (non‐FS) interneurons. However, it has not been addressed whether and how activation of nAChRs modulates synaptic plasticity in layers 3 and 6 pyramidal neurons of the insular cortex. In this study, I demonstrate that activation of nAChRs oppositely modulates synaptic potentiation in layers 3 and 6 pyramidal neurons of the insular cortex. In layer 3 pyramidal neurons, activation of nAChRs depressed synaptic potentiation induced by combination of presynaptic stimulation with postsynaptic depolarization (paired training) through enhancing GABAergic synaptic transmission via activation of β2‐containing nAChRs in non‐FS interneurons. By contrast, in layer 6 pyramidal neurons, activation of nAChRs enhanced synaptic potentiation through activating postsynaptic β2‐containing nAChRs. These results indicate, in different layers of the mouse insular cortex, paired training‐induced synaptic potentiation is oppositely regulated by activation of nAChRs which are located on GABAergic interneurons (layer 3) and on pyramidal neurons (layer 6). Thus, layer‐specific modulation of synaptic potentiation may be involved in cellular and synaptic mechanisms of insular cortical changes in nicotine addiction.
Electrogenic N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor signaling enhances binaural responses in the adult brainstem
Authors: Siveke Ida , Ammer Julian J. , Gleiss Sarah A. , Grothe Benedikt , Leibold Christian , Felmy Felix 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn sensory systems, the neuronal representation of external stimuli is enhanced along the sensory pathway. In the auditory system, strong enhancement of binaural information takes place between the brainstem and the midbrain; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms are unknown. Here we investigated the transformation of binaural information in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL), a nucleus that connects the binaural nuclei in the brainstem and the inferior colliculus in the midbrain. We used in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology in adult Mongolian gerbils to show that N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDARs) play a critical role in neuronal encoding of stimulus properties in the DNLL. While NMDARs increase firing rates, the timing and the accuracy of the neuronal responses remain unchanged. NMDAR‐mediated excitation increases the information about the acoustic stimulus. Taken together, our results show that NMDARs in the DNLL enhance the auditory information content in adult mammal brainstem.
Reticence
Authors: Batho David 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere is an obvious role for self‐assertion within discourse. It is much less obvious what role self‐withdrawal might play. Indeed, it is far from obvious what role it could play. For how can we enter into discourse at all if we pull ourselves from the fray? Heidegger, however, claims not only that self‐withdrawal has a role to play but that reticence is the authentic mode of discourse. In this paper, I develop an account of reticence that explains its importance to Being and Time. I argue that Heidegger's conception of reticence is central to his explanation of how the understanding can be developed in terms of the things themselves, rather than in terms of what one says about things.
Topological analysis of DPY19L3, a human C‐mannosyltransferase
Authors: Niwa Yuki , Nakano Yoshihiko , Suzuki Takehiro , Yamagishi Mizuo , Otani Kei , Dohmae Naoshi , Simizu Siro 
Published: February 2018

C‐mannosylation is a rare type of protein glycosylation, the functions and mechanisms of which remain unclear. Recently, we identified DPY19L3 as a C‐mannosyltransferase of R‐spondin1 in human cells. DPY19L3 is predicted to be a multipass transmembrane protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); however, its structure is undetermined. In this study, we propose a topological structure of DPY19L3 by in silico analysis and experimental methods such as redox‐sensitive luciferase assay and introduction of N‐glycosylation sites, suggesting that DPY19L3 comprises 11 transmembrane regions and two re‐entrant loops with the N‐ and C‐terminal ends facing the cytoplasm and ER lumen, respectively. Furthermore, DPY19L3 has four predicted N‐glycosylation sites, and we have demonstrated that DPY19L3 is N‐glycosylated at Asn118 and Asn704 but not Asn319 and Asn439, supporting our topological model. By mass spectrometry, we measured the C‐mannosyltransferase activity of N‐glycosylation‐defective mutants of DPY19L3 and isoform2, a splice variant, which lacks the C‐terminal luminal region of DPY19L3. Isoform2 does not possess C‐mannosyltransferase activity, indicating the importance of the C‐terminal region; however, N‐glycosylations of DPY19L3 do not have any roles for its enzymatic activity. These novel findings on DPY19L3 provide important insights into the mechanism of C‐mannosylation.
Short‐crack thresholds and propagation in an AISI 4340 steel under the effect of SP residual stresses
Authors: Patriarca L. , Filippini M. , Beretta S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe effect of residual stresses induced by shot‐peening in a high‐strength AISI 4340 steel has been studied with the purpose of deriving a consistent fatigue model incorporating the results of fatigue crack growth experiments in the threshold region for a broad range of load ratio (R‐ratio ranging from −2.5 to 0.7), and the effect of short cracks by means of a modified El‐Haddad model. The proposed model, taking into account the effect of crack closure and being capable to assess the conditions for fatigue propagation of short cracks partially embedded in the shot‐peened surface layer, was validated against constant amplitude fatigue experiments conducted in the endurance strength region, ie, for fatigue lives up to 107 cycles, with micronotched specimens in the presence of shot‐peening residual stresses. The proposed model was also validated by comparing the results of fatigue crack propagation simulations with fatigue crack growth experiments under variable amplitude loading, experimentally reproducing the combined effect of service fatigue loads and shot‐peening residual stresses.
Structural and Hydrogeological Controls on Hydrocarbon and Brine Migration into Drinking Water Aquifers in Southern New York
Authors: Kreuzer Rebecca L. , Darrah Thomas H. , Grove Benjamin S. , Moore Myles T. , Warner Nathaniel R. , Eymold William K. , Whyte Colin J. , Mitra Gautam , Jackson Robert B. , Vengosh Avner , Poreda Robert J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEnvironmental concerns regarding the potential for drinking water contamination in shallow aquifers have accompanied unconventional energy development in the northern Appalachian Basin. These activities have also raised several critical questions about the hydrogeological parameters that control the naturally occurring presence and migration of hydrocarbon gases in shallow aquifers within petroliferous basins. To interrogate these factors, we analyzed the noble gas, dissolved ion, and hydrocarbon gas (molecular and isotopic composition) geochemistry of 98 groundwater samples from south‐central New York. All samples were collected ≫1km from unconventional drilling activities and sample locations were intentionally targeted based on their proximity to various types of documented fault systems. In agreement with studies from other petroliferous basins, our results show significant correlations between elevated levels of radiogenic [4He], thermogenic [CH4], and dissolved ions (e.g., Cl, Br, Sr, Ba). In combination, our data suggest that faults have facilitated the transport of exogenous hydrocarbon‐rich brines from Devonian source rocks into overlying Upper Devonian aquifer lithologies over geologic time. These data conflict with previous reports, which conclude that hydrodynamic focusing regulates the occurrence of methane and salt in shallow aquifers and leads to elevated levels of these species in restricted flow zones within valley bottoms. Instead, our data suggest that faults in Paleozoic rocks play a fundamental role in gas and brine transport from depth, regulate the distribution of their occurrence in shallow aquifers, and influence the geochemistry of shallow groundwater in this petroliferous basin.
Testing the Job Demands‐Resources Model for Nigerian Prison Staff Job Stress
Authors: OTU SMART , LAMBERT ERIC G. , ELECHI O. OKO 
Published: February 2018

AbstractJob stress is the psychological tension, distress, and anxiety caused by stressors at work, and job stress is linked to numerous negative outcomes. While the nature of working with inmates can cause stress, work environment variables also contribute to the job stress of prison staff. The current study used the job demands‐resource model as a theoretical guide to explore the effects of job demand variables (that is, perceived dangerousness of the job, and role overload) and job resource variables (that is, supervision, job variety, instrumental communication, and job autonomy) on the job stress of staff at a medium‐security prison in Southeast Nigeria. Perceived dangerousness of the job and role overload increased stress from the job while supervision reduced job stress. Job variety, instrumental communication, and job autonomy did not have significant positive effects on job stress. The results partially supported the job demands‐resources model; however, specific work environment variables varied in terms of their statistical significance. Prison administrators need to be aware of the contribution that work environment variables have on job stress and need to make changes to reduce job stress among prison staff.
The effect of antiseptic oral sprays on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang J , Ab Malik N , McGrath C , Lam OLT 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo review the effectiveness of antiseptic oral sprays on oral health.Methods and materialsThree electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of oral sprays to placebo/control spray or mouthrinse on dental plaque and gingival inflammation were included.ResultsAmong a total of 996 papers, 20 effective studies fulfilled the selection criteria, and 8 studies were suitable for inclusion in meta‐analyses. A meta‐analysis of three studies using a 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) spray intervention, without prophylaxis at baseline, showed reductions in Plaque Index (PI) (Silness and Löe) and Gingival Index (GI) (Silness and Löe) scores of 0.74 (95% CI: −1.03 to −0.45) and 0.22 (95% CI: −0.38 to −0.06), respectively. Five studies provided a prophylaxis for subjects before study initiation. Three of these five studies used 0.2% CHX spray. A meta‐analysis demonstrated an increase of 0.18 (95% CI: −0.01 to 0.37) in PI (Silness and Löe) scores. Two RCTs compared 0.12% and 0.2% CHX spray, and a meta‐analysis showed increases of 1.71 (95% CI: 1.27 to 2.14) and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.23 to 1.93), respectively, in PI (Quigley and Hein) scores. Of the RCTs not amenable to meta‐analysis, eight studies reported significant improvements in PI and GI scores.ConclusionsAvailable evidence suggests that oral sprays are an acceptable delivery method for antiseptic agents. Further high‐quality studies are warranted to determine the effectiveness of alternative chemotherapeutic agents delivered via oral sprays on oral health.
Disclosing the physiology of pulp tissue for vital pulp therapy
Authors: da Rosa W. L. O. , Piva E. , da Silva A. F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe discovery that dentine is a reservoir of bioactive molecules that can be recruited on demand has attracted efforts to develop new protocols and materials for vital pulp therapy (VPT). The noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) present in the dentine extracellular matrix (ECM) include growth factors (TGF‐β1, BMP‐7, FGF‐2, IGF‐1 and IGF‐2, NGF and GDNF), extracellular matrix molecules (DSP, DPP, BSP, DMP‐1 and DSPP) and both anti‐inflammatory and pro‐inflammatory chemokines and cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6 and IL‐10). Molecules such as DSP and DPP are mainly expressed by odontoblasts, and they are cleaved products from dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). Some molecules, such as TGF‐β1, specifically interact with decorin/biglycan in dentine. Although TGF‐β1 increases the expression and secretion of NGF in human pulp cells, NGF induces mineralization and increases the expression of DSPP and DMP‐1. Furthermore, GDNF may act as a cell survival factor and mitogen during tooth injury and repair. Pulp capping materials, such as MTA and calcium hydroxide, can solubilize bioactive dentine molecules (TGF‐β1, NGF and GDNF) that stimulate tertiary dentinogenesis. The binding of these signalling molecules leads to activation of several signalling transduction pathways involved in dentinogenesis, odontoblast differentiation and inflammatory responses, such as the p38 MAPK, NF‐kβ and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathways. Understanding the cascade of cellular and molecular events underlying the repair and regeneration processes provides a reasonable new approach to VPT through a targeted interaction between tooth tissue and bioactive molecules.
AGE‐DEPENDENT TAXES WITH ENDOGENOUS HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION
Authors: da Costa Carlos E. , Santos Marcelo R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe assess the gains attained by the introduction of age‐dependent labor income taxes in an overlapping generations economy where individuals live a meaningful life cycle and endogenously accumulate human capital. The model is sufficiently rich to isolate the role of general equilibrium effects, credit market imperfections, and different forms of human capital accumulation. The large welfare gains we obtain cannot be attained without age dependence, nor can they be attained with age‐dependent taxes if progressivity of labor income taxes and capital income tax rates are not suitably adjusted to profit from the complementarity of these instruments.
Accounting for the permanent vs temporary wage gaps among young adults: Three European countries in perspective
Authors: REGOLI Andrea , D'AGOSTINO Antonella , GRANDNER Thomas , GSTACH Dieter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article analyses wage differentials between permanent and temporary workers in the 25–40 age bracket using the 2010 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU‐SILC) wave data for France, Germany and Italy. Applying a Recentered Influence Function (RIF) regression and a reweighting estimation technique, we investigate the contribution of personal and job characteristics to wage differentials across the wage distribution. Results point to a large unexplained component of the wage gap across the whole distribution in Italy, while this component is weaker in France among highly paid employees and insignificant in Germany. These findings highlight potential policy considerations and areas for future research.