bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilities of multilocus genotypes in SIB recombinant inbred lines
Authors: Jebreen Kamel , Petrizzelli Marianyela , Martin Olivier C. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTRecombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) are obtained through generations of inbreeding until all alleles are fixed. In 1931 Haldane and Waddington published a landmark paper where they provided the probabilities of achieving any combination of alleles in 2-way RILs for 2 and 3 loci. In the case of SIB RILs where sisters and brothers are crossed at each generation, there has been no progress in treating 4 or more loci, a limitation we overcome here without much increase in complexity. In the general situation ofLloci, the task is to determine 2Lprobabilities, but we find that it is necessary to first calculate the 4L“identical by descent” (IBD) probabilities that a RIL inherits at each locus its DNA from one of the four originating chromosomes. We show that these 4Lprobabilities satisfy a system of linear equations that follow from self consistency. In the absence of genetic interference – crossovers arising independently –, the associated matrix can be written explicitly in terms of the recombination rates between the different loci. We provide the matrices forLup to 4 and also include a computer program to automatically generate the matrices for higher values ofL. Furthermore, our framework can be generalized to recombination rates that are different in female and male meiosis which allows us to show that the Haldane and Waddington 2-locus formula is valid in that more subtle case if the meiotic recombination rate is taken as the average rate across female and male. Once the 4LIBD probabilities are determined, the 2Lprobabilities of RIL genotypes are obtainedviasummations of these quantities.In fine, our computer program allows to determine the probabilities of all the multilocus genotypes produced in such sibling-based RILs forL≤ 10, a huge leap beyond theL= 3 restriction of Haldane and Waddington.
A dual function of TMEM70 in OXPHOS: assembly of complexes I and V
Authors: Sánchez-Caballero Laura , Elurbe Dei M. , Baertling Fabian , Guerrero-Castillo Sergio , van den Brand Mariel , van Strien Joeri , van Dam Teunis J. P. , Rodenburg Richard , Brandt Ulrich , Huynen Martijn A. , Nijtmans Leo G.J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProtein complexes from the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system are assembled with the help of proteins called assembly factors. We here delineate the function of the inner mitochondrial membrane protein TMEM70, in which mutations have been linked to OXPHOS deficiencies, using a combination of BioID, complexome profiling and coevolution analyses. TMEM70 interacts with complex I and V and for both complexes the loss of TMEM70 results in the accumulation of an assembly intermediate followed by a reduction of the next assembly intermediate in the pathway. This indicates that TMEM70 has a role in the stability of membrane-bound subassemblies or in the membrane recruitment of subunits into the forming complex. Independent evidence for a role of TMEM70 in OXPHOS assembly comes from evolutionary analyses. The TMEM70/TMEM186/TMEM223 protein family, of which we show that TMEM186 and TMEM223 are mitochondrial in human as well, only occurs in species with OXPHOS complexes. Our results validate the use of combining complexomics with BioID and evolutionary analyses in elucidating congenital defects in protein complex assembly.
Extended Bayesian inference incorporating symmetry bias
Authors: Shinohara Shuji , Manome Nobuhito , Suzuki Kouta , Chung Ung-il , Takahashi Tatsuji , Gunji Pegio-Yukio , Nakajima Yoshihiro , Mitsuyoshi Shunji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, we start by proposing a causal induction model that incorporates symmetry bias. This model has two parameters that control the strength of symmetry bias and includes conditional probability and conventional models of causal induction as special cases. It can reproduce causal induction of human judgment with high accuracy. We further propose a human-like Bayesian inference method to replace the conditional probability in Bayesian inference with the aforementioned causal induction model. In this method, two components coexist: the component of Bayesian inference, which updates the degree of confidence for each hypothesis, and the component of inverse Bayesian inference that modifies the model of each hypothesis. In other words, this method allows not only inference but also simultaneous learning. Our study demonstrates that the method with both Bayesian inference and inverse Bayesian inference enables us to deal flexibly with unsteady situations where the target of inference changes occasionally.
Management controls, heterarchy and innovation: a case study of a start-up company
Authors: Taylor David , King Robyn , Smith David 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider how organizations with diverse, interdependent functions with differing evaluative principles and differing ideas as to which behaviors are the most desirable, use management controls in their efforts to achieve innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a case study of TechCo, an Australian technology start-up company, over a 12 month period.FindingsThe authors demonstrate how the clash of differing evaluative principles among interdependent teams led to the organization seeking new ways of organizing, which in turn, enabled the organization to better manage the interdependencies between the diverse functional areas. Additionally, the findings show how, through the use of management control systems, the organization was able to promote idea generation and “buy-in” across all functional areas, order competing priorities for innovation and set the agenda as to what constituted “acceptable” innovation for the organization to pursue.Originality/valueThe authors find that management controls play an important role in managing the tensions between differing evaluative principles in diverse functional areas in a heterarchical organization, and in supporting innovation in such an environment. As such, the authors provide the first research evidence on how management controls are used within a heterarchy to generate and select innovative ideas.
A comparison of text structure and self-regulated strategy instruction for elementary school students’ writing
Authors: Teng (Mark) Feng 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis study aims to examine the writing outcomes of 6th-grade students learning English as a second language.Design/methodology/approachIn all 45 students in a text structure instruction (TSI) group were compared with 45 students in a self-regulated strategy instruction (SRSI) group and 43 students receiving traditional writing instruction. SRSI was adapted from the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) model (MacArthur et al., 2015). The SRSD model includes self-regulation writing strategies, text and genre knowledge and think-aloud modeling. Findings allowed for a comparison of TSI and SRSI, in which organization knowledge does not need to be taught using SRSD methods. Measures of writing outcomes, including writing quality and summarization of main ideas, were administered after a one-month intervention.FindingsResults revealed that, compared with traditional instruction, the TSI and SRSI groups each exhibited better writing outcomes. Compared with the traditional instruction group, each technique had a unique impact: SRSI on writing quality, and TSI on main ideas included in written summaries. Linguistic and textual analyses of students’ writing revealed that the TSI and SRSI group learners both demonstrated high syntactic complexity, content organization and lexical variation in their compositions.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study provides empirical evidence that explicit teaching of SRSI writing strategies or TSI can be implemented effectively and elicit gains in elementary school L2 learners’ written output. A clear division does not exist between self-regulated writing strategies and text structure knowledge; the two techniques should be complementary, as suggested in the earlier SRSD model.Originality/valueClassroom-based research has addressed the need to enhance self-regulated capacity in writing. However, writing has become more challenging for primary school learners. In addition, writing is a cognitively demanding process. The plethora of processes involved in writing may be one of the factors that caused difficulties in writing. Thus, writing proficiency relies on the development of text structure knowledge and the fostering of self-regulation capabilities.
Cross-sectional reshaping of perturbed/unperturbed rectangular jets
Authors: Ghasemi Abbas , Li Xianguo 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the cross-sectional reshaping in transitioning/starting rectangular jets of aspect ratio 2 under various inlet perturbation conditions at the Reynolds number of Re = UDh/v = 17,750.

Design/methodology/approach
Large eddy simulation results compared with the phase-locked particle image velocimetry data exhibit the cross-sectional jet deformations from rectangular to rounder shapes. Inflow velocity oscillations are introduced at the fundamental frequency associated with the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability characterized by the spectral analysis of the hotwire data and the linear stability predictions.

Findings
The initially rectangular cross-section of the jet reshapes into the rounder geometries with increased downstream distance while the edges of the jet become distorted due to the shear layer instability more significantly observed near the high curvature corners. The different expansion rates in the longer and shorter edges of the jet and the consequent cross-sectional reshaping are found to be sensitive to small levels of random inlet perturbations. In addition, introducing controlled sinusoidal oscillations results in the formation of more organized trailing shear layer where the stronger vortex rings go through the curvature-induced deformations.

Originality/value
Spatio-temporal study of vortex dynamics in transitioning rectangular jets reveals important information about the effect of the controlled jet forcing on local entrainment. Dynamics of the leading vortex dominates the entrainment in transitioning jets which are commonly used in practical applications. Near-field entrainment is also promoted proportional to the amplitude of the controlled inlet oscillations within the trailing vortex rings.
Double stratified stagnation-point flow of Williamson nanomaterial with entropy generation through a porous medium
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Kiyani M.Z. , Hayat Tasawar , Faisal Javed Muhammad , Ahmad I. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to address double-stratified stagnation-point flow of Williamson nanomaterial with entropy generation. Flow through porous medium is discussed. Energy equation is modeled in existence of viscous dissipation, Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Furthermore, convective boundary conditions are considered. Total entropy rate is presented.

Design/methodology/approach
The non-linear flow expressions are converted to ordinary ones by implementation of suitable transformations. The obtained ordinary system is tackled for series solutions via homotopy analysis method.

Findings
Till date no one has considered the irreversibility analysis in stagnation-point flow of Williamson nanomaterial with double stratification, porous medium and convective conditions. The basic objective of present research is to investigate the convective stagnation point flow of Williamson liquid with entropy concept and porous medium.

Originality/value
As per the authors’ knowledge, no such work is yet present in the literature.
China’s emerging partnership network: what, who, where, when and why
Authors: Li Quan , Ye Min 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore and test the motivation behind the evolution of China’s vast network of partnerships around the globe since the end of the Cold War.

Design/methodology/approach
After combing through 24 types of partnerships with 78 countries, the authors empirically tested four hypotheses using data from Correlates of War and World Bank.

Findings
The analysis indicates that China’s choice to build such an elaborate network is not random. On the contrary, it is largely determined by three factors: the need to counter the US pressure; the necessity of maintaining peace and stability along its borders and achieving the long-term goal of modernization.

Originality/value
The research is among the first attempts to comprehensively test the possible motivations behind China’s partnership building efforts and provides a stepping stone for analyzing this important aspect of China’s foreign policy.
Leveraging guest-room technology: a tale of two guest profiles
Authors: Erdem Mehmet , Atadil Hilmi A. , Nasoz Pelin 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine hotel guests’ attitudes toward guest room technologies (GRTs) and determine whether hotel guests’ characteristics and attitudes regarding GRTs vary according to hotel guest typologies.Design/methodology/approachThe data were gathered from a sample of 508 hotel guests who had stayed in a hotel in the past 12 months via a self-administered survey on Qualtrics survey software. The analysis of the study consisted of two main research steps: identification of cluster groups via the K-means cluster analysis algorithm and discriminant analysis; and performing a series of chi-square analyses to determine whether hotel guests’ characteristics and attitudes vary according to obtained hotel guest typologies.FindingsResults indicated significant attitudinal (e.g. internet payment preference) and demographic (e.g. age) differences among the obtained hotel guest typologies regarding their attitudes toward GRTs.Practical implicationsThe results provide valuable guidance and a pragmatic approach for those hotel managers that aim to generate tailored marketing strategies for guest segments that are interested in GRTs.Originality/valueThis study concentrates on GRTs with a market segmentation approach by using advanced statistical procedures. It contributes to the body of related research literature by offering empirical evidence where the study evaluates the impact of the availability of new GRTs on guest decision-making based on the principles of the theory of planned behavior. Practitioners will be able to use the presented findings to generate marketing and pricing strategies with respect to the technological needs and wants of each typology.
Lack of fire and insect herbivory constrain recruitment in a rare legume from Western Australia
Authors: Cochrane Anne , Monks Leonie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigated factors influencing recruitment in the rare endemic shrubAcacia insolitasubsp.recurva(Fabaceae) from the heavily cleared south‐west of Western Australia. We examined annual seed production over 4 years, including the impact of herbivory on reproductive output. Conversion of bud to fruit was low (overall 0.02%). The lack of significant difference in canopy dimensions between caged and uncaged plants suggested that vertebrate herbivore grazing was negligible, but invertebrate predation had a negative impact on seed production (loss of >80% of fruiting potential). Soil cores determined the presence of soil‐stored seeds and an experimental burn confirmed that plants are fire‐killed and can regenerate from the seed bank. This seed reserve was found to contain <5 seeds m−2, and both freshly collected seeds and seeds retrieved from the soil had high viability (99%vs. 91%) when subjected to a germination test. Seedling recruitment 29 months post‐fire resulted in a ratio of three seedlings for every adult killed by fire. We also compared reproductive success in this rareAcaciawith its common conspecific and although the rare species produced more flowers, the success of flowering did not translate into better fruit set. We conclude that insect damage to reproductive branchlets and lack of appropriate disturbance are major factors constraining recruitment. Active site management may be required for the continued persistence of this fire‐dependent legume.
Artificial oxygen carrier improves fatigue resistance in slow muscle but not in fast muscle in a rat in situ model
Authors: Kawaguchi Akira T. , Tamaki Tetsuro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe effects of liposome‐encapsulated hemoglobin with high O2 affinity (h‐LEH), an artificial O2 carrier in skeletal muscle, were studied by in situ fatigue resistance test in fast‐type plantaris (PLT) and slow‐type soleus (SOL) muscles with or without ischemia in the rat. The distal tendons of PLT and SOL muscles were isolated in situ and individually attached to the force transducers to record the developed tension in response to stimuli (80 Hz tetanus train, 1.5 minutes) to the ipsilateral sciatic nerve. The fatigue resistance test (five sets separated by 2‐minute rests) was evaluated in terms of tension attenuation (fatigue) from the initial to the last tension (A) during each set, attenuation of the initial (B) or last tension (C) in each set, as compared to the first set in the presence or absence of ischemia or h‐LEH (10 mL/kg). While ischemia significantly enhanced fatigue only in PLT, h‐LEH showed no effect regardless of the perfusion pattern (normal/ischemia) or muscle‐type (PLT/SOL) during each set (A). In parameter (B), set‐by‐set fatigue development was observed in PLT, whereas h‐LEH‐SOL showed a trend of advanced fatigue resistance. Such trends became clear in the parameter C (last tension), because h‐LEH‐SOL exerted, rather than decreased, the tension enhancement regardless of the presence or absence of ischemia, whereas there were no h‐LEH effects in PLT. In addition, faster recovery of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide content in the muscle after 10 minutes of all fatigue tests was observed in h‐LEH‐SOL, while saline‐SOL still showed a significantly higher value than that of control. These results suggested that additional O2 supply by h‐LEH may accelerate the tricarboxylic acid cycle/electron transport chain in slow‐type aerobic SOL muscle containing abundant mitochondria and contribute to the faster removal of muscle fatigue substances such as lactate.
An analysis of innovation in textile companies: An efficiency approach
Authors: Puertas Medina Rosa , Martí Selva M. Luisa , Calafat Marzal Consuelo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe elimination of trade contingency measures in 2005 triggered a process of renewal in the textile sector, requiring major investments. The divide between efficiency and innovation has become an issue of major importance for decision‐making in the Spanish textile sector. This study provides quantitative data on the efficiency levels of innovative Spanish textile companies. The aim is to identify their distinguishing features and establish a possible pattern to follow. In addition, truncated regression is used to estimate the determinants of efficiency, in order to check the significance of innovation processes for firms.
Latent Space Cartography: Visual Analysis of Vector Space Embeddings
Authors: Liu Yang , Jun Eunice , Li Qisheng , Heer Jeffrey 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLatent spaces—reduced‐dimensionality vector space embeddings of data, fit via machine learning—have been shown to capture interesting semantic properties and support data analysis and synthesis within a domain. Interpretation of latent spaces is challenging because prior knowledge, sometimes subtle and implicit, is essential to the process. We contribute methods for “latent space cartography”, the process of mapping and comparing meaningful semantic dimensions within latent spaces. We first perform a literature survey of relevant machine learning, natural language processing, and scientific research to distill common tasks and propose a workflow process. Next, we present an integrated visual analysis system for supporting this workflow, enabling users to discover, define, and verify meaningful relationships among data points, encoded within latent space dimensions. Three case studies demonstrate how users of our system can compare latent space variants in image generation, challenge existing findings on cancer transcriptomes, and assess a word embedding benchmark.
DIVA: Exploration and Validation of Hypothesized Drug‐Drug Interactions
Authors: Kakar T. , Qin X. , Rundensteiner E. A. , Harrison L. , Sahoo S. K. , De S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdverse reactions caused by drug‐drug interactions are a major public health concern. Currently, adverse reaction signals are detected through a tedious manual process in which drug safety analysts review a large number of reports collected through post‐marketing drug surveillance. While computational techniques in support of this signal analysis are necessary, alone they are not sufficient. In particular, when machine learning techniques are applied to extract candidate signals from reports, the resulting set is (1) too large in size, i.e., exponential to the number of unique drugs and reactions in reports, (2) disconnected from the underlying reports that serve as evidence and context, and (3) ultimately requires human intervention to be validated in the domain context as a true signal warranting action. In this work, we address these challenges though a visual analytics system, DIVA, designed to align with the drug safety analysis workflow by supporting the detection, screening, and verification of candidate drug interaction signals. DTVA's abstractions and encodings are informed by formative interviews with drug safety analysts. DIVA's coordinated visualizations realize a proposed novel augmented interaction data model (AIM) which links signals generated by machine learning techniques with domain‐specific metadata critical for signal analysis. DIVA's alignment with the drug review process allows an analyst to interactively screen for important signals, triage signals for in‐depth investigation, and validate signals by reviewing the underlying reports that serve as evidence. The evaluation of DIVA encompasses case‐studies and interviews by drug analysts at the US Food and Drug Administration ‐ both of which confirm that DIVA indeed is effective in supporting analysts in the critical task of exploring and verifying dangerous drug‐drug interactions.
Characterizing Exploratory Visual Analysis: A Literature Review and Evaluation of Analytic Provenance in Tableau
Authors: Battle Leilani , Heer Jeffrey 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSupporting exploratory visual analysis (EVA) is a central goal of visualization research, and yet our understanding of the process is arguably vague and piecemeal. We contribute a consistent definition of EVA through review of the relevant literature, and an empirical evaluation of existing assumptions regarding how analysts perform EVA using Tableau, a popular visual analysis tool. We present the results of a study where 27 Tableau users answered various analysis questions across 3 datasets. We measure task performance, identify recurring patterns across participants' analyses, and assess variance from task specificity and dataset. We find striking differences between existing assumptions and the collected data. Participants successfully completed a variety of tasks, with over 80% accuracy across focused tasks with measurably correct answers. The observed cadence of analyses is surprisingly slow compared to popular assumptions from the database community. We find significant overlap in analyses across participants, showing that EVA behaviors can be predictable. Furthermore, we find few structural differences between behavior graphs for open‐ended and more focused exploration tasks.