bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Can Evaluate the Safety of a Hospital Building Just After a Great Earthquake?
Authors: Ikeuchi Junko 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:The earthquake-resistant standard of the buildings of Japan is maintained by several levels. After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake(1995) the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism in Japan classified the earthquake-resistant performance for the base facilities into 3 levels. The hospital manager often selects the middle level of earthquake-resistance. However, 10 hospitals were closed down for the destruction of facilities by the Kumamoto earthquake. Who may evaluate the safety of a hospital after a great earthquake? The purpose of this study is to consider the methods to evaluate the safety of hospital buildings just after a great earthquake.Methods:The damage to hospitals and the measures based on Japanese Law are arranged. Then it is considered who can declare the safety of hospital buildings after a great earthquake.Results:Hospital buildings collapsed in the Hanshin-Awaji Great Earthquake and many hospitals lost a function by a tsunami in the Great East Japan Earthquake. In addition, the glass and the ceilings of the hospital were damaged in the Kumamoto Earthquake. The damage occurred although these many hospitals had an earthquake-resistant standard established in the Building Standard Act of Japan. It is necessary for the experts to judge the safety of the hospital building just after a great earthquake.Discussion:The safety of hospital buildings is the responsibility of the hospital manager. However, there isn’t an expert of building structure employed as staff at a hospital. Thus, the hospital personnel must allow the expert of the building structure to advise a manager. In the future, it is important that the evaluation methods that can judge the damage of a hospital are developed, and the practical training for the hospital personnel are repeated.
Why Patients Refuse to Enroll in Hospital-Based Research: Perception of Patients Presenting to KATH Emergency Department
Authors: Bonney Joseph , Amissah Esi , Cobbold Sonia , Forson Paa Kobina 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Emergency Department (KATH ED) is a tertiary referral center in Ghana. Anecdotally, patients seeking care at KATH ED do not actively participate in research initiatives.Aim:To find out why patients presenting to KATH ED do not enroll in research studies that are conducted in the department.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional survey of patients presenting to the ED for one month in June 2017. A semi-structured questionnaire was presented to patients presenting to KATH ED from 8:00-20:00 each day. Patients who were interviewed were all patients presenting to the ED for care, including those who had refused to enroll in the ongoing ACESO study. Patients had to be conscious, alert, and with conditions that did not require immediate management.Results:35% of the interviewees (91/260) had been approached to enroll in research studies at some point in the past. 13.5% had refused to enroll in a research study. 45.7% of those who refused to enroll admitted that they were afraid to enroll in a study; 28.6% had inadequate information and 22.9% perceived enrolling in a study would delay their treatment. The Akan language (73%) was most commonly used by research assistants then English (26%), and finally Hausa (1%) to interact with patients. There was a significant association between educational background and explaining a study to a patient before they enrolled. Males were more willing to enroll in an ongoing study compared to females. All age groups correlated significantly with being approached to enroll in a research study and similarly all age groups also correlated with refusing to enroll in a research studyDiscussion:Patients are paramount to hospital research. Efforts must be made to ensure that patients concerns and needs are addressed to ensure increasing participation.
Working Together to Develop Best Practice: Rescue Operations in Confined Settings
Authors: Karlsson Sofia , Gyllencreutz Lina , Saveman Britt-Inger 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Major injury incidents in confined settings such as tunnels and underground mineral- and metalliferous mines are rare, but when they do happen, the consequences may be severe with potential for many injured. The incident site is underground and it is difficult for the rescue and emergency medical service to get an overview and reach the injured. Therefore, it is important for the emergency medical service, rescue service, and the company responsible for the underground environment to have a good collaboration.Aim:To develop best practices of conducting rescue response from a disaster medicine perspective in tunnels and underground mines through increased education.Method:Within an EU-program, the university collaborates with stakeholders such as rescue service, emergency medical service, and two mining companies. Within this project, an explorative case study with participatory research is conducted. This is managed with the help of representatives of the stakeholders, workshops, and through planning for and conducting observations of table-top and full-scale exercises.Results:At the first workshop the stakeholders built a timeline presenting their activities from a major incident occurring in an underground mine until the last injured was transported to the hospital. Thereafter, several workshops were conducted to find improvements that could be made regarding collaboration between the organizations. Table-top and full-scale exercises have also revealed further challenges. Within the project, prototypes are being developed and will be presented during the conference.Discussion:This project involves stakeholders in the research process, and they, therefore, have a direct impact on the development of best practices of rescue in major underground incidents.
The Quest for Quality and Performance Indicators in Mass Disasters
Authors: Samsuddin Amanda , Sweeny Amy , Watkins Nathan , McNamee Peter , Muter Naomi , Ling Li Yuet , Huang Cindy 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Indicators are used as a benchmark for the quality of disaster response. Desirable attributes of indicators include precision, clear definition, improvement opportunity, unbiased, flexibility, and validity. Due to a lack of universally acceptable, objective indicators, it is currently difficult to gauge improvements in mass casualty preparedness within a hospital.Aim:To describe existing indicators relevant to hospital disaster response, and to explore the use of two new indicators (decanting and chain of command).Methods:A structured literature search in indexed databases was used to identify articles related to the measurement of hospital performance in mass casualties using a matrix technique and snowballing. Relevant websites of disaster management organizations were also reviewed and local disaster management experts were interviewed. Proposed indicators were compared against attributes and some (triage time by category, notification time, time to adequate staff response, preventable deaths, decanting times and chain of command for intensive care unit, and emergency department) were tested and measured in two exercises involving more than 90 staff each, held at two Southeast Queensland hospitals in 2017 and 2018.Results:Over 50 proposed indicators, including indicators within large sets, were identified. Measurement of some indicators was found to be highly subjective. The decanting and chain-of-command indicators emerged as most useful. Intensive Care Unit required 40 mins to decant beds by 50%, while ED required 25 mins to decant beds by 80%. With regards to the chain of command, ED and triage staff performed best, with 66.7% correctly identifying their immediate supervisor. Overall, staff members were able to correctly identify immediate supervisor better compared to team leaders (59.3% and 40% respectively).Discussion:There is a need to narrow down, simplify, and objectify indicators for mass casualty performance. Baseline measurements from actual disasters will provide important comparative data.
Defining and Operationalizing Disaster Preparedness of Hospitals: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Verheul Marlous , Leenen Loek , Dückers Michel 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Societies invest substantial amounts of resources on disaster preparedness of hospitals. However, the concept is not clearly defined or operationalized in the international literature.Aim:This study seeks to contribute to the alignment of knowledge of disaster preparedness in hospitals based on a systematic review and analysis of definitions and operationalizations.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in five databases: Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, Disaster Information Management Research Centre, and Safetylit. Peer-reviewed articles containing definitions and operationalizations of disaster preparedness in hospitals were included. Articles published in languages other than English, or without available full-text were excluded, as were articles on pre-hospital care.Results:Of the 39 included publications, 14 defined disaster preparedness in hospitals and 26 operationalized the concept. Although the definitions differed, they also reflected similar elements. Based on an analysis of the operationalizations, 12 different components could be identified that generally were not studied in relation to each other. Moreover, where publications primarily focused on structure and process aspects of disaster preparedness, 4 articles described the preferred outcome.Discussion:This review points at an absence of consensus on the definition and operationalization of disaster preparedness in hospitals. By combining the elements of the definitions and the components operationalized disaster preparedness could be conceptualized in a more comprehensive and complete way. A framework was developed that can guide future disaster preparedness research.
Effect of inclusion of sunflower hulls in the diet on performance, disaccharidase activity in the small intestine and caecal traits of growing rabbits
Authors: Nicodemus N. , García J. , Carabaño R. , de Blas J. C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA basal diet was formulated to meet the nutrient requirements of growing rabbits. Another diet was formulated by substituting 152 g/kg of the basal diet with sunflower hulls (SH diet). One hundred and sixty-eight weaned 30-day-old rabbits were given these diets and finishing performance was recorded. Eighty animals were used to study the effect of SH inclusion on caecal fermentation traits at two ages (5 and 35 days after weaning) and disaccharidase activity in the small intestine at 35 days after weaning. Inclusion of SH in the diet reduced growth rate by proportionately 0·056 in the first 2 weeks after weaning (P 0 ×001), but had no effect from 14 to 65 days after weaning. Accordingly, daily gain was lower by a factor of 0·035 over the whole finishing period (P 0×01). There was no effect of treatment on food intake during the 14 days after weaning, but SH inclusion tended to increase it from this time onwards ( +0·026; P = 0 ×06) and over the whole finishing period ( + 0·018; P = 0 ×09). This effect was parallel to a 0·09 proportional decrease in the weight of caecal contents (P 0 ×01) observed in animals of 2 kg live weight. Food efficiency was lower by a factor of 0·05 (P 0×001) in all the periods considered when SH was included in the diet. Mortality rate (6%) was not affected by treatment nor was caecal pH or caecal concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen either at 5 days (5×75, 72×7 mmol/l and 16×6 mmol/l, respectively) or at 35 days after weaning (5×70, 74×3 mmol/l and 9 ×7 5 mmol/l, respectively). Inclusion of SH increased sucrase specific activity at the ileum by a factor of 0·47 (P 0×01) but had no effect on maltase specific activity at the jejunum or ileum or on sucrase specific activity at the jejunum. In conclusion, SH included at moderate levels (150 g/kg) in the diet reduced accumulation of digesta in the caecum, which increased voluntary food intake but impaired growth rate and food efficiency. Inclusion of SH did not affect caecal fermentation or mortality.
Genetic and phenotypic relationships among faecal egg count, anti-nematode antibody level and live weight in Angus cattle
Authors: Morris C.A. , Green R.S. , Cullen N.G. , Hickey S.M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGenetic variation in host resistance to nematode infection was studied in two calf crops of Angus cattle under natural pasture challenge conditions in New Zealand, using faecal egg count (FEC) as a marker trait. Genetic and phenotypic correlations of FEC with anti-nematode antibody (Ab) level and live weights were also estimated. Ab to the third larval stages of Cooperia curticei (Cc), Cooperia oncophora (Co), Ostertagia ostertagi (Oo) and Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Tc) were assayed, along with Ab to the adult stages of Co and Oo. Calves were born in the late winter/early spring of 1995 and 1996 over a 7-week period each year; they were weaned at an average of 4 months of age, and faecal samples for FEC were taken at 10 months of age (1995 crop) and at 7 months of age (1996 crop). Blood samples for Ab were taken from both calf crops at intervals between 4 and 20 months of age, and later in peri-partum heifers and cows (23 to 25, and 36 to 37 months of age). For the two calf crops combined, there were 370 animals by 24 sires. Additional blood samples were taken on related animals from the 1993 and 1994 calf crops (218 extra animals, 19 different extra sires). The heritability of loge (FEC + 100) was 0•32 (s.e. 0•16), and heritabilities of loge Ab between 4 and 9 months of age averaged 0•30, between 11 and 20 months of age 0•22, and peri-partum 0•30. Between-animal repeatabilities of Ab levels from samples taken between 4 and 9 months of age averaged 0•40, between 11 and 20 months 0•48, and peri-partum 0•35. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among loge Abs for various nematode species (in hosts aged 4 to 9 months) averaged 0•82 and 0•61, respectively. The corresponding genetic and phenotypic correlations between loge Ab and loge(FEC + 100) averaged –0•48 and –0•07, respectively, whilst those between loge Ab and yearling weight averaged 0•29 and 0•13, respectively. It was concluded that direct selection to reduce FEC should be feasible if required, but index selection combining increased live weight and reduced FEC would often be preferable; anti-nematode Ab levels were repeatable, and FEC and Ab levels were negatively associated genetically.
Effect of winter feeding level and season on herbage intake in dairy breed steers on perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture
Authors: Nielsen B. , Thamsborg S.M. , Andersen H.R. , Kristensen T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objectives of this study were (1) to estimate herbage intake in spring and late summer in Danish Friesian steers during their first grazing season on ryegrass/white clover pasture and (2) to investigate the effect of different winter feeding levels on subsequent herbage intake in Danish Friesian steers weighing more than 450 kg. In experiment 1, herbage intake was estimated in 18 to 20 steers with a mean live weight of 210 kg (s.e. 8•0 kg) and 312 (s.e. 8•9) kg in May/June and August respectively. In experiment 2, 22 steers were allocated to two feeding treatments in their second winter with expected daily live-weight gain of 500 g (LOW) and 800 g (HIGH). The steers weighed 440 (s.e. 15•8) kg (LOW) and 531 (s.e. 9•2) kg (HIGH) at the time of turn-out on to a ryegrass/white clover pasture. Herbage intakes were estimated in June using, as in experiment 1, the alkane bolus technique. Faeces and herbage samples were analysed for alkanes to estimate herbage intake, digestibility and botanical composition of intake. The weight gains (kg/day) were 1•156 (s.e. 0•69) and 1•054 (s.e. 0•87) in May/June and August respectively (experiment 1) and 1•592 (s.e. 0•137) and 1•273 (s.e. 0•116) in June in LOW and HIGH respectively (experiment 2). Daily herbage intake (kg dry matter (DM) per steer) estimated by alkanes C32 /C33 were 5•2 (s.e. 0•26), 9•4 (s.e. 0•28) in May/June and August (experiment 1) (P < 0•001) and 12•0 (s.e. 0•50) and 10•4 (s.e. 0•41) in LOW and HIGH (experiment 2) (P < 0•05) respectively. The diet of steers contained primarily ryegrass leaves (0•70 to 0•90) and ryegrass stems (0•10 to 0•30) and clover (0 to 0•02 and 0•18 in experiment 1 and experiment 2 respectively). It was concluded that (1) steers during their first grazing season can maintain herbage intake per kg live weight during the grazing season from May to August, and (2) steers weighing more than 450 kg are able to increase herbage intake along with compensatory growth.
Effect of diets containing graded levels of low glucosinolate rapeseed press cake on reproductive organs and hormonal status in gilts and their female piglets
Authors: Opalka M. , Tywonczuk J. , Koziorowski M. , Dusza L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCrossbred gilts were offered rapeseed press cake (RSP) as follows: control (no RSP in diet during growth/ pregnancy/lactation), M-RSP (medium RSP levels: 100/50/100 g/kg RSP) and H-RSP (high RSP levels: 150/80/ 150 g/kg RSP). Plasma concentrations of free thyroxine (FT4), tri-iodothyronine (T3), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P4) and androstenedione (A4), weights of thyroid gland, ovaries and uterus, length of uterine horns, and number of corpora lutea (CL) were measured in gilts during the mid-luteal phase of their first oestrous cycle. Serum concentrations of FT4, T3, LH and PRL, weights of thyroids, ovaries, uteri, adrenals, kidneys, liver and spleen were measured in female piglets on 2nd and 28th day of lactation. RSP diets, affected thyroid weights, number of CL, uterine horn length, mean concentrations of plasma FT4, T3, PRL, and P4 in gilts. Changes of weights of ovaries in 2-day-old piglets and weights of uterus, adrenal gland and kidneys in 28-day-old piglets from RSP groups were observed.
In vitro culture of oocytes with surrounding cumulus complexes and granulosa cells (COCGs) from bovine early antral follicles
Authors: Saha S. , Shimizu M. , Geshi M. , Izaike Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCumulus-oocyte complexes with surrounding granulosa cells (COCGs) in early antral follicles (0·5 to 0·7 mm in diameter) were surgically collected from sections of bovine ovarian cortex under a dissection microscope and subsequently cultured in vitro using follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) and hypoxanthine, singly or in combination, to obtain fully grown matured oocytes. Oocytes cultured in the presence of FSH + hypoxanthine increased (P < 0·05) in diameter from 93 µm on the day of commencement of culture to 106·37±0·34 µm on day 5. Oocytes cultured in the presence of FSH, hypoxanthine or hypoxanthine + ITS + FSH increased (P < 0·05) to mean diameters of 105·40 (s.e. 0·47) µm, 105·50 (s.e. 0·39) µm and 105·35 (s.e. 0·55) µm, respectively. By day 11 of culture, oocyte diameters 110·50 (s.e. 0·35) µm, 110·13 (s.e. 0·39) µm, 109·49 (s.e. 0·46) µm, 109·53 (s.e. 0·58) µm and 109·16 (s.e. 0·43) µm were recorded for treatments FSH + hypoxanthine, hypoxanthine + ITS + FSH, FSH, hypoxanthine and FSH + EGF + hypoxanthine + ITS, respectively. The proportions with COCGs which formed an antrum while cultured in vitro; were categorized as morphologically normal following recovery from the gel; matured in vitro; showed germinal vesicle break down and reached metaphase II were highest (P < 0·05) for the FSH + hypoxanthine treatment (49/60 (81·7%), 48/60 (80·0%), 47/60 (78·3%), 45/60 (75·0%) and 15/60 (25·0%), respectively, followed by hypoxanthine + ITS + FSH (47/60 (78·3%), 44/60 (73·3%), 41/60 (68·3%), 41/60 (68·3%) and 12/60 (20%), respectively), FSH (43/60 (71·7%), 42/60 (70%), 40/60 (66·7%), 39/60 (65·0%) and 9/60 (15%), respectively) and hypoxanthine (41/60 (68·3%), 38/60 (63·3%), 36/60 (60%), 35/60 (58·3%) and 8/60 (13·3%), respectively). In experiment II, the in vitro fertilization and cleavage rates of COCGs were highest (P < 0·05) for FSH + hypoxanthine treatment (17/60; 28·3%) followed by hypoxanthine + ITS + FSH (13/60; 21·6%), FSH (12/60; 20%) and hypoxanthine (11/60; 18·3%) treatments. The results of this study show that COCGs from early antral follicles can be isolated, cultured and grown in vitro. Furthermore, supplements like FSH and hypoxanthine can be used singly or in combination(s) in culture medium to enhance the growth of COCGs.
Optimum dietary amino acid pattern and limiting order of some essential amino acids for growing-furring blue foxes (Alopex lagopus)
Authors: Dahlman T. , Valaja J. , Venäläinen E. , Jalava T. , Pölönen I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe optimum pattern and limiting order of some essential amino acids for growing-furring blue foxes were assessed from nitrogen (N) retention responses. Total tract digestibility and N balance trials were carried out on 24 weaned blue fox males in an 8 ✕ 5 cyclic change-over experiment. Eight experimental diets were prepared by removing proportionately about 0·4 of each of the amino acids studied – methionine + cystine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan and histidine – successively from the amino acid control diet. The main source of protein in the amino acid control diet was casein and an amino acid mixture was added to bring the calculated crude protein (CP) content up to the level of 170 g/kg dry matter (DM). Low-protein (CP 95·7 g/kg DM) and high-protein (CP 166·6 g/kg DM) diets, the protein proportion of which was casein protein, served as negative and positive control diets, respectively. The reduction in N retention when one amino acid in turn was deleted from the amino acid control diet was calculated, and a regression analysis was made between N retention and relative amino acid intake. Data on the animals’ intake of each limiting amino acid and those on the amino acid control diet were used. The optimum amino acid pattern, expressed relative to lysine = 100, proved to be: methionine + cystine 77, threonine 64, histidine 55 and tryptophan 22. The first-limiting amino acids were methionine + cystine. Blue fox responses (N retention, weight gain) to deletion of methionine + cystine from the diet were very severe and exceeded those to deletion of any other amino acid. Moreover, removing methionine + cystine from the diet significantly impaired the apparent digestibility of organic matter, reducing it to a level even lower than that of the low-protein diet. After methionine + cystine, the next-limiting amino acid in casein-based diets was threonine, followed by histidine and tryptophan. The results show the importance of verifying the sufficiency of dietary methionine + cystine in the practical feeding of blue foxes.