bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eucalyptol Ameliorates Dysfunction of Actin Cytoskeleton Formation and Focal Adhesion Assembly in Glucose‐Loaded Podocytes and Diabetic Kidney
Authors: Kim Dong Yeon , Kang Min‐Kyung , Kim Yun‐Ho , Lee Eun‐Jung , Oh Hyeongjoo , Kim Soo‐Il , Oh Su Yeon , Kang Young‐Hee 
Published: September 2019

ScopePodocytes are a component of glomerular filtration barrier with interdigitating foot processes. The podocyte function depends on the dynamics of actin cytoskeletal and focal adhesion crucial for foot process structure. This study investigates the renoprotective effects of eucalyptol on the F‐actin cytoskeleton formation and focal adhesion assembly in glucose‐loaded podocytes and diabetic kidneys.Methods and resultsEucalyptol at 1–20 µm reverses the reduction of cellular level of F‐actin, ezrin, cortactin, and Arp2/3 in 33 mm glucose‐loaded mouse podocytes, and oral administration of 10 mg kg–1 eucalyptol elevates tissue levels of actin cytoskeletal proteins reduced in db/db mouse kidneys. Eucalyptol inhibits podocyte morphological changes, showing F‐actin cytoskeleton formation in cortical regions and agminated F‐actin along the cell periphery. Eucalyptol induces focal adhesion proteins of paxillin, vinculin, talin1, FAK, and Src in glucose‐exposed podocytes and diabetic kidneys. Additionally, GTP‐binding Rac1, Cdc42, Rho A, and ROCK are upregulated in glucose‐stimulated podocytes and diabetic kidneys, which is attenuated by supplying eucalyptol. Rho A gene depletion partially diminishes GSK3β induction of podocytes by glucose.ConclusionEucalyptol ameliorates F‐actin cytoskeleton formation and focal adhesion assembly through blockade of the Rho signaling pathway, entailing partial involvement of GSK3β, which may inhibit barrier dysfunction of podocytes and resultant proteinuria.
Design of a four‐element array for accurate direction of arrival estimation in phase interferometry systems
Authors: Yoo Sungjun , Byun Gangil , Park Seulgi , Ju Hyungjun , Shim Hongsuk , Chae Myoungho , Jung Kyung‐Young , Choo Hosung 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article proposes the design of a four‐element array antenna for the accurate direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of Global Positioning System (GPS) interference signals. The proposed array antenna has four individual antenna elements, and each element consists of a radiating patch on the upper layer and a feeding loop on the lower layer. The patch and loop are intentionally designed in a circular shape to obtain the symmetric current distributions on the radiators. The feeding loop is directly connected by two output ports of an external hybrid chip coupler, and the radiating patch is then electromagnetically coupled by near‐fields of the feeding loop. This feeding mechanism in the proposed structure allows for a more uniform current and H‐field distribution for phase characteristics of the radiation that are close to the ideal isotropic radiators in the azimuth angle. In addition, the high‐dielectric ceramic substrate is adopted to minimize the physical height of the antenna for the phase characteristics of the radiation close to the ideal isotropic radiators in elevation angles. To validate that the phase characteristics are similar to those of an ideal radiator, the DOA estimation performances are observed using a dual‐axis interferometry. The results demonstrate that the proposed four‐element array antenna with phase difference characteristics similar to those of an ideal radiator is suitable for the accurate DOA estimation of GPS interference signals.
Noninvasive imaging of renal urea handling by CEST‐MRI
Authors: Shin Soo Hyun , Wendland Michael F. , Zhang Brandon , Tran An , Tang Albert , Vandsburger Moriel H. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeRenal function is characterized by concentration of urea for removal in urine. We tested urea as a CEST‐MRI contrast agent for measurement of the concentrating capacity of distinct renal anatomical regions.MethodsThe CEST contrast of urea was examined using phantoms with different concentrations and pH levels. Ten C57BL/6J mice were scanned twice at 7 T, once following intraperitoneal injection of 2M 150 µL urea and separately following an identical volume of saline. Kidneys were segmented into regions encompassing the cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla and papilla to monitor spatially varying urea concentration. Z‐spectra were acquired before and 20 minutes after injection, with dynamic scanning of urea handling performed in between via serial acquisition of CEST images acquired following saturation at +1 ppm.ResultsPhantom experiments revealed concentration and pH‐dependent CEST contrast of urea that was both acid‐ and base‐catalyzed. Z‐spectra acquired before injection showed significantly higher CEST contrast in the inner medulla and papilla (2.3% ± 1.9%) compared with the cortex (0.15% ± 0.75%, P = .011) and outer medulla (0.12% ± 0.58%, P = .008). Urea infusion increased CEST contrast in the inner medulla and papilla by 2.1% ± 1.9% (absolute), whereas saline infusion decreased CEST contrast by −0.5% ± 2.0% (absolute, P = .028 versus urea). Dynamic scanning revealed that thermal drift and diuretic status are confounding factors.ConclusionUrea CEST has a potential of monitoring renal function by capturing the spatially varying urea concentrating ability of the kidneys.
Reducing temperature errors in transcranial MR‐guided focused ultrasound using a reduced‐field‐of‐view sequence
Authors: Grissom William A. , Allen Steven 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTo reduce temperature errors due to water motion in transcranial MR‐guided focused ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) ablation.Theory and MethodsIn tcMRgFUS, water is circulated in the transducer bowl around the patient's head for acoustic coupling and heat removal. The water moves during sonications that are monitored by MR thermometry, which causes it to alias into the brain and create temperature errors. To reduce these errors, a two‐dimensional excitation pulse was implemented in a gradient‐recalled echo thermometry sequence. The pulse suppresses water signal by selectively exciting the brain only, which reduces the imaging FOV. Improvements in temperature precision compared to the conventional full‐FOV scan were evaluated in healthy subject scans outside the tcMRgFUS system, gel phantom scans in the system with heating, and in 2×‐accelerated head phantom scans in the system without heating.ResultsIn vivo temperature precision (standard deviation of temperature errors) outside the tcMRgFUS system was improved 43% on average, due to the longer TR and TE of the reduced‐FOV sequence. In the phantom heating experiments, the hot spot was less distorted in the reduced‐FOV scans, and background temperature precision was improved 59% on average. In the accelerated head phantom temperature reconstructions, temperature precision was improved 89% using the reduced‐FOV sequence.ConclusionsReduced‐FOV temperature imaging alleviates temperature errors due to water bath motion in tcMRgFUS, and enables accelerated temperature mapping with greater precision.
Effects of Addition of Sucrose and Probiotics on Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Postlarvae Performance, Water Quality, and Microbial Community
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Yang Zhangwu , Zheng Guofu , Lin Qi , Zhuo Xiahuang , Zhang Gen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
It has been reported that supplying a carbon source and probiotics improves water quality and animals in aquaculture systems. Most studies used molasses as a carbon source, which is a mixture of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. In the present study, sucrose and probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis; hereafter referred to by only the genus name “Bacillus”) were added in the culture media of 5-d-old postlarvae of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and then cultured for 20 d. The results showed that compared with the control concentrations of NH4+-N, NO2−-N, and NO3−-N, values were lower in treatments with sucrose and Bacillus, suggesting that water quality was improved and material circulation was promoted. Values of dissolved oxygen decreased, probably due to oxygen consumption during microbial growth and oxidation processes. Body length growth rate of whiteleg shrimp was significantly higher in treatments with sucrose and Bacillus compared with the control, which might result from an increased energy uptake from ingesting microorganisms. In comparison to the control, treatments with sucrose and Bacillus greatly influenced bacterial community structure. Among them, the proportion of Actinobacteria increased and that of Proteobacteria decreased. Actinomycetes can degrade organic compounds and produce a wide variety of antibiotics, vitamins, and enzymes, inhibiting growth of some pathogenic microorganisms. Proteobacteria includes many pathogenic bacteria. Changes in these two phyla suggest that the immunity of whiteleg shrimp might be enhanced in response to treatments. These results indicate that microorganism composition might be important to biofloc systems. Further investigations in this area would help guide aquaculture production.
Integrated Pest Management for Fouling Organisms on Boat Hulls
Authors: Culver Carolynn S. , Johnson Leigh T. , Page Henry M. , Dugan Jenifer E. , Santschi Christen A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Boating is a major vector for aquatic invasive species that cause significant economic and ecological impacts, necessitating biofouling control that goes beyond simply maintaining boat operations. However, new regulations restricting the use of antifouling paints—a common control tactic along with hull cleaning—have not considered the consequences to invasive species management. As a result, there is a critical need for a biofouling control strategy that both protects water quality and minimizes invasive species transport. We compared recruitment of fouling organisms to experimental plates (1) treated with hull coatings after 1 month and, for copper-based paint, after 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month submersion times; (2) after application of California's in-water hull cleaning practices; and (3) among locations within and between geographically separated harbors. Copper-based paint was initially effective at reducing fouling but lost effectiveness over time and was fouled heavily within 12 months. On plates with copper-based paint, nonnative species typically recruited first and facilitated the recruitment of other species. Nontoxic coatings were readily fouled, and invasive species (Watersipora subatra and Hydroides spp.) settled more often on ceramic epoxy and/or siliconized epoxy (“slick”) coatings. Recruitment was higher in the harbor in the warmer water region. Depending on the harbor, W. subatra, Ciona spp., and Filograna implexa recruitment was correlated with water flow, the presence of conspecifics on the docks, or both factors. Strong seasonal recruitment was evident for Ciona spp., F. implexa, and Bugula neritina. Algae dominated the light-exposed surfaces of plates, and invertebrates dominated the shaded surfaces. California's hull cleaning practices did not stimulate fouling, which contradicted previous findings. Our findings informed the development of an integrated pest management framework for biofouling control on boat hulls that is adaptable to different regions and boater needs. This novel approach balances effective boat operations and protection of ecosystem health while simultaneously addressing water quality and invasive species transport.
Comparison of Panfish Catch and Retention by Four Modified Fyke-Net Designs
Authors: Krogman Rebecca M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Modified fyke nets are commonly used across the USA for sampling littoral fish communities, including crappie Pomoxis spp., Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, Redear Sunfish L. microlophus, and other panfish, and are recommended for standard sampling in all lentic waters. Traditional modified fyke nets in Iowa differed from the American Fisheries Society standard in two primary ways: throat configuration and number of funnel-shaped throats. Given the historical data sets derived from traditional modified fyke nets and the reticence to convert to a net design with lesser catch rates, a formal evaluation of net designs was needed. Four combinations of throat configuration (square or restricted) and number of throats (one or two) were included in this study. To examine retention, all four net designs were stocked with fish and checked for retained fish the following day, enabling calculation of probability of retention and relative risk of escape. To examine catch efficiency and precision, nets were deployed in 13 southern Iowa lakes and reservoirs. Catch rates were compared using generalized linear mixed models predicting catch with net design. Net design was a significant factor affecting both retention and catch efficiency, with the traditional Iowa net consistently capturing and retaining as many or more fish than other net designs. The number of net sets needed to capture 125 fish of each species and to achieve a target precision level was also calculated for each net design; two-funneled designs minimized the necessary number of net sets for Bluegills, crappies, and Redear Sunfish. Considerations for standard modified fyke-net refinement include the addition of a second funnel and restriction of the cod end throat.
Staggered Taylor–Hood and Fortin elements for Stokes equations of pressure boundary conditions in Lipschitz domain
Authors: Du Zhijie , Duan Huoyuan , Liu Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to develop a general theory on how the inf‐sup stable and convergent elements of the velocity Dirichlet boundary (VDB)‐Stokes problem with no‐slip VDB are still inf‐sup stable and convergent for the pressure Dirichlet boundary (PDB)‐Stokes problem with PDB in Lipschitz domain. The PDB‐Stokes problem in a Lipschitz domain usually only has a singular velocity solution which does not belong to (H1(Ω))2, sharply in contrast to the VDB‐Stokes problem whose velocity solution still belongs to (H1(Ω))2, and unexpectedly, some well‐known inf‐sup stable and convergent VDB‐Stokes elements may or may no longer correctly converge. It turns out that the inf‐sup condition of the PDB‐Stokes problem in Lipschitz domain relies on an unusual variational problem and requires adequate degrees of freedom on the domain boundary. In this paper we propose two families of staggered elements: staggered Taylor–Hood elements with ℓ ≥ 1 (continuous in both velocity and pressure) and staggered Fortin elements with m ≥ 1 (continuous in velocity and discontinuous in pressure) on triangles, for solving the PDB‐Stokes problem in Lipschitz domain. We show that the two families are inf‐sup stable and are correctly convergent for the non‐H1 singular velocity. Numerical results illustrate the proposed elements and the theoretical results.
Identification of Parameters using iterative Bi‐parabolic Target Functions
Authors: Nostitz Niklas , Hendrik Kröger Nils , Ihlemann Jörn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Levenberg Marquardt algorithm [1] is a common choice for identification problems. While the construction of the residuals and therefore the target function is quite simple, the results are often superior. This changes if the final target consists out of several target values which affects each other to a not unique solution. The specification of so called border curves or error bands will improve the identification process. New ways to use this border curves and to construct a new target function will be shown.
Benefits of porosity‐dependent moisture retention modelling for predicting autogenous shrinkage of concrete
Authors: Gamnitzer Peter , Drexel Martin , Brugger Andreas , Hofstetter Günter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConcrete can be modelled as a porous medium, the pores being filled with moist air and water. In equilibrium, the water content in the pore system is related to the ambient humidity by a constitutive law like relation, the so‐called sorption isotherm. The shape of the sorption isotherm depends on the pore size distribution in the porous medium and will therefore change due to hydration. This paper reviews the benefits of a recently proposed and calibrated porosity dependent desorption isotherm for maturing concrete. Special emphasis is placed on the resulting improvements for predicting the evolution of the autogenous shrinkage strain in multiphase modelling of maturing concrete. They are highlighted by a comparison to results obtained with a multiphase model based on a moisture retention function which is independent of the actual value of porosity.
Comprehensive optimization of frame structures
Authors: Keller Alexander , Muench Ingo , Wagner Werner 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe comprehensive optimization of truss and frame structures considers all three kinds of optimization aspects: topology, shape, and sizing of members. However, the simultaneous solution of the problem increases the complexity of the problem and leads to high demands for the used optimization algorithm. We propose to split the process into two tasks using specialized algorithms for each stage. First, a phase field model evolves the topology as basic design. By automatic model reduction, we set up the simplified beam model via an adapted Stentiford‐algorithm linked to interface parameters. Then, connection topologies, nodal positions, and cross sections are simultaneous optimization parameters of an Evolution Strategy.
Towards a physical model of Antarctic sea ice microstructure including biogeochemical processes using the extended Theory of Porous Media
Authors: Thom Andrea , Ricken Tim 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPredictive numerical climate models include an ocean modeling system as an important module, which comprises the components of ocean and sea ice physics as well as the coupled biogeochemical processes occuring in the ocean and sea ice, respectively. Whereas large‐scale, physical sea ice models are well represented, a new thrust for climate modeling is to include the sea ice biogeochemistry (BGC) as a strong influencing factor. For that reason, a demanding challenge is to develop a numerical model for the sea ice microstructure, which considers all relevant physical parts, like the evolution of salinity, thermodynamic properties and mechanical deformation, as well as the biological and chemical conversion processes. The model should be able to quantify phytoplankton biomass, nutrient sources and utilization as well as carbon content and export in connection to the underlying physical and biogeochemical driven mechanisms. A thermodynamically consistent derived continuum mechanical model is developed and prepared by means of a standard GALERKIN procedure to be implemented and solved with the finite element method (FEM). The governing equations and constitutive relations are set up in the framework of the homogenization approach of the extended Theory of Porous Media (eTPM).
A phase‐field model of brittle fracture for an isogeometric Reissner‐Mindlin shell formulation
Authors: Kikis Georgia , Ambati Marreddy , De Lorenzis Laura , Klinkel Sven 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges in fracture modeling is the correct physical description of the fracture processes. Over the past decade, the well‐established phase‐field modeling framework has gained a lot of attention, due to its ability to predict the fracture phenomena adequately. It has shown very promising results for a three dimensional solid formulation and has been extended to an isogeometric Kirchhoff‐Love formulation in order to describe brittle fracture in plates and shells, see [1]. However, the Kirchhoff‐Love theory only describes shells in the thin regime. For thick shells, the deformation behavior and subsequently the fracture behavior additionally depends on the transverse shear strains which are not present in the Kirchhoff‐Love approach. In this work, the phase‐field fracture framework is extended to an isogeometric Reissner‐Mindlin shell formulation [2]. In this approach, the shell is described using the midsurface and a director vector field for the thickness direction. Subsequently, the phase‐field is also defined only on the midsurface. In order to distinguish the cracking behavior in tension and compression, as proposed in [1], the spectral decomposition of the strain for the tension‐compression split is done on the total strain, which varies through the thickness. The proposed method is tested for several numerical examples and compared to a three dimensional solid formulation and the Kirchhoff‐Love shell formulation in order to confirm its accuracy and efficiency.
Coupling and Computation of Electromagnetism and Mechanics
Authors: Abali Bilen Emek 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAccurate coupling of electromagnetism and mechanics is of interest in computations of transducers such as piezoelectric, pyroelectric, electromagnetic sensors and actuators. Balance equations in mechanics as well as the MAXWELL equations for electromagnetism have been established in science. However, if the coupling between these governing equations are necessary, several difficulties arise. Herein we identify the challenges and propose possible solutions for computational analysis.
Model Order Reduction (MOR) of Function‐Perfusion‐Growth Simulation in the Human Fatty Liver via Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Authors: Lambers Lena , Ricken Tim , König Matthias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNumerical modeling of biological systems has become an important assistance for understanding and predicting hepatic diseases like non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or the detoxification of drugs and toxines by the liver. We developed a model for the simulation of hepatic function‐perfusion processes using a multiscale and multiphase approach. Here, the liver lobules are described using a homogenization approach with a coupled set of partial differential equations (PDE) based on the Theory of Porous Media (TPM) to describe the coupled blood transport and tissue deformation. For the description of metabolic processes on cellular scale ordinary differential equations (ODE) are used. For many practical and clinical applications, e.g. optimization procedures or uncertainty quantification, a fast but reliable computation is required. Thus, we use a non‐linear model order reduction (MOR) based on an artificial neural network (ANN) for the prediction of simulation results. The practicability of this approach is shown in a comparison between the high fidelity numerical simulation of a NAFLD and the predicted results by the ANN.
Design optimization of joint parameters using Frequency Based Substructuring
Authors: El Mahmoudi Ahmed , Paracha Umer S. , Rixen Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDynamic Substructuring (DS) is a research field that has gained high attention in both science and industry. The aim of DS techniques is to provide engineers in structural vibrations and sound practical solutions to analyze the dynamic behavior of complex systems. This paper addresses the design optimization problem of joint parameters to reduce the magnitude of the total system response in the context of the Lagrange Multiplier – Frequency Based Substructuring (LM‐FBS) coupling process. For illustration, we use rubber bushings from an automotive application in the field of noise, vibration and harshness (NVH). Depending on which parameter is changed on the respective rubber bushing, it has an influence on the sound pressure in the total vehicle system. By grouping the joints into engine mounts, front suspension and rear suspension mounts, a method is proposed to implement an optimization function within the LM‐FBS approach. For this purpose, the rubber bushings are considered as a substructure using the pseudoinverse method, so that in order to determine the optimum parameters, an optimization function only has to be established for the substructure of the bushings in relation to the total system result.