bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relationships of Salmonella enterica isolates from febrile patients in Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Oo Khine Mar , Myat Tin Ohn , Htike Wah Win , Biswas Ambarish , Hannaway Rachel F , Murdoch David R , Crump John A , Ussher James E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Enteric fever is common in southeast Asia. However, there is little information on the circulating Salmonella enterica strains causing enteric fever in Myanmar.

Methods
We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing on S. enterica bloodstream isolates from febrile patients aged ≥12 y attending two hospitals in Yangon, Myanmar, from 5 October 2015 through 4 October 2016. We identified the serovar of S. enterica, determined antimicrobial susceptibility and the molecular mechanisms of resistance. We analysed phylogenetic relationships among Myanmar S. enterica isolates and those with isolates from neighbouring countries.

Results
Of 73 S. enterica isolated, 39 (53%) were serovar Typhi and 34 (47%) were Paratyphi A. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but resistant to ciprofloxacin. We identified mutations in chromosomal genes gyrA, gyrB and parC as responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. All S. enterica Typhi isolates were of 4.3.1 subclade (formerly known as H58) and formed two closely related genotypic clusters; both clusters were most closely related to isolates from India from 2012. All S. enterica Paratyphi A were lineage C, clade C4 and were closely related.

Conclusion
Our study describes currently circulating S. enterica serovars in Myanmar, the genetic basis of their antimicrobial resistance and provides a genotypic framework for epidemiologic study.
Accuracy of the Menopause Rating Scale and the Menopause Quality of Life Questionnaire to discriminate menopausal women with anxiety and depression
Authors: Martin Carolina Marín , Larroy Cristina , López-Picado Amanda , Fernández-Arias Ignacio 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and the Menopause Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) to discriminate women suffering from anxiety (AD) and depression disorder (DD).

Methods:
A cohort of 416 women aged 45 to 65 years (51.7 ± 3.8) completed the MRS, MENQOL and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, plotting receiver operator curves to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the MRS and MENQOL items related to anxiety and depression.

Results:
Both the MRS6 (area under the ROC curve [AUC] 0.773, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.721-0.824) and MENQOL5 (AUC: 0.772, 95% CI 0.723-0.822) proved to be accurate tools to identify individuals with anxiety or with a likelihood to develop AD. Likewise, the items MRS4 (AUC: 0.771, 95% CI 0.625-0.797) and MENQOL8 (AUC: 0.744, 95% CI 0.668-0.821) appeared to be suitable to discriminate individuals with DD. Two cut-off points were established for each item in the different scales to optimize their capacity to detect and discriminate problems of anxiety and depression. Lower cut-off values (MRS ≥ 1; MENQOL ≥ 2) were established to detect AD and DD, the sensitivity of which varied between 76.0% and 84.6%% and a negative predictive value varying between 86.7% and 95.3%. A more specific cut-off was established for the discrimination of AD and DD (MRS ≥ 2; MENQOL ≥ 7), with a specificity ranging from 86.2% to 99.4% and a positive predictive value varying between 68.6% and 92.6%.

Conclusions:
The MRS and MENQOL display moderate accuracy in discriminating menopausal women with symptoms of anxiety and depression. The intensity of the symptoms appears to be related to the probability of detecting a probable or definitive disorder.
Addressing Workforce Challenges in Healthcare Calls for Proactive Leadership
Authors: Parsons James E. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARY
The challenges that healthcare leaders face are many, and workforce challenges are among the most important. For most healthcare entities, the workforce is their largest expense. Fortunately, many issues can be avoided with proper planning and review.
Workforce planning is both a science (analysis) and an art (execution). It comprises a set of business processes for analyzing the supply and demand of talent in an organization and determining how that supply and demand might change over time. Turnover rates, retirement projections, and retention data are some of the tools commonly used in the workforce planning process. Because the increase in healthcare jobs is expected to outpace growth in all other fields and industries, recruitment and retention will be matters of special interest to all healthcare leaders during the next several years.
The effect of Benson relaxation method on anxiety in the emergency care
Authors: Ibrahim Abdullah , Koyuncu Gönül , Koyuncu Nazmiye , Suzer Neslihan Ergun , Cakir Oya Durmus , Karcioglu Ozgür 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective:
To analyze clinical and sociodemographic properties of the patients as measured by the “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-HADS” including the subscale regarding anxiety (HAD-A) in emergency department (ED) and to detect the effect of a session of Benson relaxation method (BRM) on high anxiety level.

Methods:
Adult patients presented to the state hospital ED in seven days were recruited in this prospective study. Patients with high (≥8) scores were randomized to the treatment or control groups. They were asked to pursue BRM to alleviate anxiety.

Results:
Six hundred thirty-four patients were recruited (mean age 44.1 and 52% were female). Patients with acute exacerbation or with psychiatric illness, with a systemic disease and higher acuity level had higher HAD-A scores (P < .05). BRM group had a mean score change higher than controls (7.2 ± 2.9 vs 3.4 ± 2.6, t test, P = .026).

Conclusions:
Patients who underwent BRM had larger decreases in HAD-A scores than others.
Whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis is not able to reflect microvessel density in HNSCC
Authors: Meyer Hans-Jonas , Hamerla Gordian , Leifels Leonard , Höhn Anne Kathrin , Surov Alexey 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a functional imaging technique sensitive to microstructure in tissues. It is widely acknowledged to reflect cellularity in tumors. A small part of DWI is also sensitive to perfusion-related information and might therefore be also be able to reflect microvessel density in tumor tissues. Aim of the present study was to elucidate possible correlations between microvessel density and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Thirty-four patients with histologically proven primary HNSCC were included in the study. DWI was performed with a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (b-values 0 and 800 s/mm2) and histogram analysis was calculated with a whole lesion measurement. In every case, microvessel density was estimated with CD105-stained specimens.
There were no statistically significant correlations between ADC histogram parameters and microvessel density. The calculated correlation coefficients ranged from r = -0.27, P = .13 for entropy and vessel area to r = 0.16, P = .40 for ADCmin and vessel count.
Whole-lesion histogram analysis of ADC values cannot reflect microvessel density in HNSCC.
Teratoma-associated anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Yan Bin , Wang You , Zhang Ying , Lou Weihua 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disease associated with the NMDA receptor and has a good response to treatment. However, only few cases related to teratoma have been reported. Here, we report a case of teratoma-associated anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Patient concerns:
A 25-year-old woman presenting with fever for 20 days and psychiatric symptoms for 9 days was admitted to the hospital. The patient progressed to a minimally conscious state consistent with encephalitis.

Diagnosis:
Considering the possibility of autoantibody-mediated encephalitis, laboratory tests were conducted to detect anti-NMDAR antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Results confirmed the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Furthermore, gynecological ultrasound investigation detected teratoma in the left ovary.

Interventions:
After resection of the teratoma with laparoscopic adnexectom, the patient was treatment with immunosuppressive therapy.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered gradually and was discharged 2 months after the operation.

Lessons:
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis remains difficult to diagnose because of its vague manifestations, and no clinical practice guidelines for prevention and treatment of the disease have been established yet. The clinical data of a case of teratoma-related anti-NMDAR encephalitis were analyzed, and relevant studies were reviewed.
Golgi localized β1-adrenergic receptors stimulate Golgi PI4P hydrolysis by PLCε to regulate cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Nash Craig A. , Wei Wenhui , Irannejad Roshanak , Smrcka Alan V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIncreased adrenergic tone resulting from cardiovascular stress leads to development of heart failure, in part, through chronic stimulation of β1 adrenergic receptors (βARs) on cardiac myocytes. Blocking these receptors is part of the basis for β-blocker therapy for heart failure. Recent data demonstrate that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including βARs, are activated intracellularly, although the biological significance is unclear. Here we investigated the functional role of Golgi βARs in cardiac myocytes and found they activate Golgi localized, prohypertrophic, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, that is not accessed by cell surface βAR stimulation. This pathway is accessed by the physiological neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) via an Oct3 organic cation transporter. Blockade of Oct3 or specific blockade of Golgi resident β1ARs prevents NE dependent cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. This clearly defines a physiological pathway activated by internal GPCRs in a biologically relevant cell type and has implications for development of more efficacious β-blocker therapies.
The maternal-fetal interface of successful pregnancies and impact of fetal sex using single cell sequencing
Authors: Sun Tianyanxin , Gonzalez Tania L. , Deng Nan , DiPentino Rosemarie , Clark Ekaterina L. , Lee Bora , Tang Jie , Wang Yizhou , Stripp Barry R. , Yao Changfu , Tseng Hsian-Rong , Karumanchi S. Ananth , Koeppel Alexander F. , Turner Stephen D. , Farber Charles R. , Rich Stephen S. , Wang Erica T. , Williams John , Pisarska Margareta D. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe first trimester is a critical window of maternal-fetal communication for pregnancy. Therefore, we characterized crosstalk in ongoing human pregnancies at 11-13 weeks gestation. RNA-sequencing of matched maternal decidua and placenta identified 818 receptors and 3502 ligands, including 126 differentially expressed receptor-ligand pairs. Using single cell RNA-sequencing to further dissect placenta heterogeneity, we identified five major cell types (trophoblasts, stromal cells, hofbauer cells, antigen presenting cells and endothelial cells) with unique crosstalk at the maternal-fetal interface. We identified seven unique trophoblast subclusters, including new subtypes that transition into the terminal cell types, extra-villous trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts. As fetal sex impacts pregnancy, we analyzed sex differences in each cell type and identified differences in immune cell function. TGFβ1, β-estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone emerge as upstream regulators of sexually dimorphic genes in a cell type specific manner. Thus, the fetal contribution at the maternal-fetal interface is cell and sex specific.
Global analysis of epigenetic heterogeneity identifies divergent drivers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cao Wei , Lee Hayan , Wu Wei , Zaman Aubhishek , McCorkle Sean , Yan Ming , Chen Justin , Xing Qinghe , Sinnott-Armstrong Nasa , Xu Hongen , Sailani M.Reza , Tang Wenxue , Cui Yuanbo , liu Jia , Guan Hongyan , Lv Pengju , Sun Xiaoyan , Sun Lei , Han Pengli , Lou Yanan , Chang Jing , Wang Jinwu , Gao Yuchi , Guo Jiancheng , Schenk Gundolf , Shain Alan Hunter , Biddle Fred G. , Collisson Eric , Snyder Michael , Bivona Trever G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEpigenetic landscapes can shape physiologic and disease phenotypes. We used integrative, high resolution multi-omics methods to characterize the oncogenic drivers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We found 98% of CpGs are hypomethylated across the ESCC genome and two-thirds occur in long non-coding (lnc)RNA regions. DNA methylation and epigenetic heterogeneity both coincide with chromosomal topological alterations. Gene body methylation, polycomb repressive complex occupancy, and CTCF binding sites associate with cancer-specific gene regulation. Epigenetically-mediated activation of non-canonical WNT signaling and the lncRNAESCCAL-1were validated as potential ESCC driver alterations. Gene-specific cancer driver roles of epigenetic alterations and heterogeneity are identified.
Effect of Helical Kink in Antimicrobial Peptides on Membrane Pore Formation
Authors: Tuerkova Alzbeta , Kabelka Ivo , Králová Tereza , Sukeník Lukáš , Pokorná Šárka , Hof Martin , Vácha Robert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEvery cell is protected by a semipermeable membrane. Peptides with the right properties, e.g. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), can disrupt this protective barrier by formation of leaky pores. Unfortunately, matching peptide properties with their ability to selectively form pores in bacterial membranes remains elusive. In particular, the proline/glycine kink in helical peptides was reported to both increase and decrease antimicrobial activity. We used computer simulations and fluorescence experiments to show that a kink in helices affects the formation of membrane pores by stabilizing toroidal pores but disrupting barrel-stave pores. The position of the proline/glycine kink in the sequence further controls the specific structure of toroidal pore. Moreover, we demonstrate that two helical peptides can form a kink-like connection with similar behavior as one long helical peptide with a kink. The provided molecular-level insight can be utilized for design and modification of pore forming antibacterial peptides or toxins.
The contribution of the ankyrin repeat domain of TRPV1 as a thermal module
Authors: Ladrón-de-Guevara E. , Rangel-Yescas G. E. , Fernández-Velasco D. A. , Torres-Larios A. , Rosenbaum T. , Islas L. D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe TRPV1 cation non-selective ion channel plays an essential role in thermosensation and perception of other noxious stimuli. TRPV1 can be activated by low pH, high temperature or naturally occurring pungent molecules such as allicin, capsaicin or resiniferatoxin. Its noxious thermal sensitivity makes it an important participant as a thermal sensor in mammals. However, details of the mechanism of channel activation by increases in temperature remain unclear. Here we used a combination of approaches to try to understand the role of the ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) in channel behavior. First, a computational modeling approach by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation of the whole TRPV1 embedded in a phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) membrane provides insight into the dynamics of this channel domain. Global analysis of the structural ensemble shows that the ankyrin repeat domain is a region that sustains high fluctuations during dynamics at different temperatures. We then performed biochemical and thermal stability studies of the purified ARD by means of circular dichroism and tryptophan fluorescence and demonstrate that this region undergoes structural changes at similar temperatures that lead to TRPV1 activation. Our data suggest that the ARD is a dynamic module and that it may participate in controlling the temperature sensitivity of TRPV1.Statement of SignificanceThis work demonstrates that the temperature-dependent dynamics of the ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) of TRPV1 channels, as probed by coarse-grained molecular dynamics, corresponds to the experimentally determined dynamics of an isolated ARD domain. These results show that this region of TRPV1 channels undergoes significant conformational change as a function of increased temperature and suggest that it participates in the temperature-dependent structural changes that lead to channel opening.
Yellow adipocytes comprise a new adipocyte sub-type present in human bone marrow
Authors: Attané Camille , Estève David , Chaoui Karima , Iacovoni Jason , Corre Jill , Moutahir Mohamed , Valet Philippe , Schiltz Odile , Reina Nicolas , Muller Catherine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDuring energy demanding conditions, white adipocytes store triglycerides and release fatty acids through lipolysis. In contrast, bone marrow adipocytes (BM-Ad) increase in size during caloric restriction, suggesting this fat depot exhibits precise metabolic specificity. We found subcutaneous adipocytes (SC-Ad) and BM-Ad share morphological features, but possess distinct lipid metabolism. BM-Ad show enrichment in cholesterol-oriented metabolism that correlates with increased free cholesterol content, while proteins involved in lipolysis were downregulated. A strong down-regulation in expression of monoacylglycerol (MG) lipase was observed leading to an accumulation of major MG species and accordingly the basal and induced lipolytic responses were absent in BM-Ad. These features are not recapitulatedin vitrousing differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Since our data demonstrate that BM-Ad comprise a distinct class of adipocytes, we propose renaming them yellow adipocytes.
Electron transport chain biogenesis activated by a JNK-insulin-Myc relay primes mitochondrial inheritance inDrosophila
Authors: Wang Zong-Heng , Liu Yi , Chaitankar Vijender , Pirooznia Mehdi , Xu Hong 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYOogenesis features an enormous increase in mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy number, which are required to furnish mature eggs with adequate mitochondria and to curb the transmission of deleterious mtDNA variants. Quiescent in dividing germ cells, mtDNA replication initiates upon oocyte determination in theDrosophilaovary, which necessitates active mitochondrial respiration. However, the underlying mechanism for this dynamic regulation remains unclear. Here, we show that an feedforward insulin-Myc loop promotes mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis by boosting the expression of electron transport chain subunits and factors essential for mtDNA replication and expression, and mitochondrial protein import. We further reveal that transient activation of JNK enhances the expression of insulin receptor and initiates the insulin-Myc signaling loop. Importantly, this signaling relay ensures sufficient mtDNA in eggs and limits the transmission of a deleterious mtDNA mutation. Our study demonstrates cellular mechanisms that couple mitochondrial biogenesis and inheritance with oocyte development.
Corporate governance attributes and listed SMES’ debt maturity
Authors: Briozzo Anahí , Cardone-Riportella Clara , García-Olalla Myriam 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a cross-country analysis of the similarities and differences in the debt maturity structure of listed SMEs from the point of view of corporate governance (CG) attributes in two different economic environments: an OECD (Spain) country and a non-OECD (Argentina) country.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from listed SMEs in the Argentinian SME segment (pooled data from 2012 to 2015) and 31 listed SMEs in the Spanish Mercado Alternativo Bursátil for growing firms (MAB_GE)(2014), bivariate and multivariate analyses are performed.FindingsSpanish firms with a higher ownership concentration and a large controlling shareholder have higher short-term liabilities (STL) ratios. Participation of women on the board has a negative relation with the STL ratio only for Spain. The participation of corporations in ownership and a Big4 auditor have a negative relation with the STL ratio for both countries.Practical implicationsThese results will help SME managers understand the effects of the application of good governance policies. The study also gives regulators a guideline to develop standards to assist in efficient borrowing in terms of seeking funding in alternative capital markets.Originality/valueFirst, the results provide evidence about the financial impact on the STL ratio of CG attributes in listed SME. Second, as far as the authors know, this is the first paper to analyse the CG attributes of listed SMEs in an OECD country and a non-OECD country. Third, the paper presents CG data derived from anad hocbasis elaborated from different websites and databases.
Projectification of a global organization – case study of the Roman Catholic Church
Authors: Jałocha Beata , Góral Anna , Bogacz-Wojtanowska Ewa 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand projectification processes of the global organization, based on the example of the Catholic Church’s activities. The Catholic Church is the oldest and the largest international organisation to be assessed also from the longue durée perspective. The Church as both a large and supranational organisation and a religious community has carried out a lot of social tasks. A part of its activity relating to the Church’s basic mission is carried out in these days in the form of various projects. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that seemingly unchanging structure, such as the Catholic Church, based on a determined hierarchy, strict principles and rules of conduct, is affected by the projectification processes.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors chose the method of a single case study. To analyse the projectification processes in the Church, the authors focussed on flagship mega-events of WYD programme, from which the following were selected: Rome (1985), Manila (1995), Sydney (2008), Rio de Janeiro (2013) and Krakow (2016).

Findings
The study demonstrates that organisational projectification processes can have a real impact on the strategic changes in the global organisation. Under the influence of significant projects, organisations can change internally and also redefine their way of interacting with the stakeholders. Projectification at the same time is a change and leads to it. The research also shows that projectification of a global organisation can intensify internal learning processes. On the one hand, “projectification agents” transfer project practices to various regions of the world, and, on the other, draw on local practices. Therefore, the projectification process is not simply transplanting the project “virus” into new places, but also a process of change and adaptation to the stimuli flowing from the environment.

Originality/value
The particularities, the distinctiveness of the projects of the Catholic Church can be an inspiration for others realizing projects. The experience of the Catholic Church in the implementation of WYD can be valuable for organisations implementing other projects that require involvement and activation of many, diverse stakeholders, for example, charitable projects or the so-called community engagement projects implemented by large international organisations, such as the World Bank, UNICEF, the UN, the Red Cross or humanitarian projects organised by NGOs in different parts of the world.