bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market power and farm‐retail price transmission: The case of US fluid milk markets
Authors: Yu Charng‐Jiun , Gould Brian W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we seek to understand the impact of market competitiveness on the degree of asymmetric price transmission and associated welfare implications. We estimate a kinked Almost Ideal Demand System for fluid milk products in 18 US metropolitan areas. By conducting an asymmetric price transmission test, we find that cities with less competitive food retailing tend to exhibit asymmetric price transmission. The degree of price asymmetry and associated welfare loss are decreasing in market competitiveness. Our welfare analysis suggests that the welfare loss due to asymmetric price transmission is large in terms of the percentage of milk expenditures. The potential is for substantially higher future welfare loss given the ongoing consolidation in the food retailing industry. [EconLit citations: L11, Q11]
International consensus statement on endoscopic skull‐base surgery: executive summary
Authors: Wang Eric W. , Gardner Paul A. , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundEndoscopic skull‐base
surgery (ESBS) is a rapidly growing discipline that often combines the expertise of otolaryngology–head and neck surgeons and neurosurgeons to provide care for these challenging conditions. As the field has grown, so too has the literature evaluating this surgical approach and the challenges and complications associated with these interventions. An international, multidisciplinary effort to critically evaluate and grade the current literature on ESBS has resulted in the International Consensus Statement on Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery (ICAR:SB). This Executive Summary highlights the key findings of the ICAR:SB document.MethodsFollowing the prior methodology of the ICAR statements, the ICAR:SB document consists of 98 topics in ESBS that underwent a systematic review. When sufficient evidence exists, an evidence‐based review with recommendation (EBRR) or evidence‐based review (EBR) was created and then underwent an iterative review process until consensus was achieved. This Executive Summary recapitulates these findings.ResultsThis summary complies the EBR and EBRR from the ICAR:SB document in the management of numerous skull‐base pathologies including cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, intradural tumors, sinonasal malignancies, and clival tumors, as well as the key issues of reconstruction after and the complications associated with ESBS.ConclusionThe ICAR:SB Executive Summary recaps the evidenced‐based recommendations concerning the advantages, limitations and challenges of ESBS in the management of diverse skull‐base pathologies. Although multifactorial in nature, the overall level of evidence in ESBS is modest. This represents an opportunity to address these knowledge gaps moving forward.
An Original L‐shape, Tunable N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Platform for Efficient Gold(I) Catalysis
Authors: Tang Yue , Benaissa Idir , Huynh Mathieu , Vendier Laure , Lugan Noël , Bastin Stéphanie , Belmont Philippe , César Vincent , Michelet Véronique 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of original NHC ligands based on an imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridin‐3‐ylidene (IPy) scaffold functionalized with a flanking barbituric heterocycle is described as well as their use as tunable ligands for efficient gold‐catalyzed C−N, C−O, and C−C bond formations. High activity, regio‐, chemo‐, and stereoselectivities are obtained for hydroelementation and domino processes, underlining the excellent performance (TONs and TOFs) of these IPy‐based ligands in gold catalysis. The gold‐catalyzed domino reactions of 1,6‐enynes give rise to functionalized heterocycles in excellent isolated yields under mild conditions. The efficiency of the NHC gold 5Me complex is remarkable and mostly arises from a combination of steric protection and stabilization of the cationic AuI active species by ligand 1Me.
Integration of Lateral Filter Arrays with Immunoaffinity for Circulating‐Tumor‐Cell Isolation
Authors: Chen Kangfu , Dopico Pablo , Varillas Jose , Zhang Jinling , George Thomas J. , Fan Z. Hugh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are an important biomarker for cancer prognosis and treatment monitoring. However, the heterogeneity of the physical and biological properties of CTCs limits the efficiency of various approaches used to isolate small numbers of CTCs from billions of normal blood cells. To address this challenge, we developed a lateral filter array microfluidic (LFAM) device to integrate size‐based separation with immunoaffinity‐based CTC isolation. The LFAM device consists of a serpentine main channel, through which most of a sample passes, and an array of lateral filters for CTC isolation. The unique device design produces a two‐dimensional flow, which reduces nonspecific, geometric capture of normal cells as typically observed in vertical filters. The LFAM device was further functionalized by immobilizing antibodies that are specific to the target cells. The resulting devices captured pancreatic cancer cells spiked in blood samples with (98.7±1.2) % efficiency and were used to isolate CTCs from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Pore‐Surface Engineering by Decorating Metal‐Oxo Nodes with Phenylsilane to Give Versatile Super‐Hydrophobic Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
Authors: Sun Dengrong , Adiyala Praveen Reddy , Yim Se‐Jun , Kim Dong‐Pyo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHydrophobization of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is important to push forward their practical use and thus has attracted increasing interest. In contrast to the previous reports, which mainly focused on the modification of organic ligands in MOFs, herein, we reported a novel strategy to decorate the metal‐oxo nodes of MOFs with phenylsilane to afford super‐hydrophobic NH2‐UiO‐66(Zr), which shows highly improved base resistance and holds great promise in versatile applications, such as organic/water separation, self‐cleaning, and liquid‐marble fabrication. This work demonstrates the first attempt at metal‐oxo node modification for super‐hydrophobic MOFs, advancing a new concept in the design of MOFs with controlled wettability for practical applications.
Reaction Environment Modification in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Catalytic Performance Enhancement
Authors: Sun Qi , Tang Yongquan , Aguila Briana , Wang Sai , Xiao Feng‐Shou , Thallapally Praveen K. , Al‐Enizi Abdullah M. , Nafady Ayman , Ma Shengqian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHerein, we show how the spatial environment in the functional pores of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be manipulated in order to exert control in catalysis. The underlying mechanism of this strategy relies on the placement of linear polymers in the pore channels that are anchored with catalytic species, analogous to outer‐sphere residue cooperativity within the active sites of enzymes. This approach benefits from the flexibility and enriched concentration of the functional moieties on the linear polymers, enabling the desired reaction environment in close proximity to the active sites, thereby impacting the reaction outcomes. Specifically, in the representative dehydration of fructose to produce 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, dramatic activity and selectivity improvements have been achieved for the active center of sulfonic acid groups in COFs after encapsulation of polymeric solvent analogues 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone and ionic liquid.
Hydrogel Microellipsoids that Form Robust String‐Like Assemblies at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Honda Kenshiro , Sazuka Yuka , Iizuka Kojiro , Matsui Shusuke , Uchihashi Takayuki , Kureha Takuma , Shibayama Mitsuhiro , Watanabe Takumi , Suzuki Daisuke 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSoft colloidal particles such as hydrogel microspheres assemble at air/water or oil/water interfaces, where the soft colloids are highly deformed and their surface polymer chains are highly entangled with each other. Herein, we report the formation of robust one‐dimensional, string‐like colloidal assemblies through self‐organization of hydrogel microspheres with shape anisotropy at the air/water interface of sessile droplets. Shape‐anisotropic hydrogel microspheres were synthesized via two‐step polymerization, whereby a hydrogel shell was formed onto preformed rigid microellipsoids. The shape anisotropy of the hydrogel microspheres was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and high‐speed atomic force microscopy as well as by light‐scattering measurements. The present findings are crucial for the understanding of natural self‐organization phenomena, where “softness” influences microscopic assembled structures such as those of Nostoc bacteria.
Light‐Controlled Conformational Switch of an Aromatic Oligoamide Foldamer
Authors: Gole Bappaditya , Kauffmann Brice , Maurizot Victor , Huc Ivan , Ferrand Yann 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn aromatic oligoamide sequence composed of a light‐responsive diazaanthracene‐based aromatic β‐sheet flanked by two variable diameter helical segments was prepared. Structural investigations revealed that such oligomers adopt two distinct conformations: a canonical symmetrical conformation with the two helices stacked above and below the sheet, and an unanticipated unsymmetrical conformation in which one helix has flipped to directly stack with the first helix. Photoirradiation of the foldamer led to the quantitative, and thermally reversible, formation of a single photoproduct resulting from the [4+4] cycloaddition of two diazaanthracenes within the aromatic β‐sheet. NMR and crystallographic studies revealed a parallel arrangement of the diazaanthracene photoproduct and a complete conversion into a symmetrical conformation requiring a rearrangement of all unsymmetrical conformers. These results highlight the potential of foldamers, with structures more complex than isolated helices, for the design of photoswitches showing nontrivial nanometer scale shape changes.
Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Hybrid as a Tandem Catalyst for Enhanced Therapy against Hypoxic Tumor Cells
Authors: Liu Jintong , Liu Tianrui , Du Ping , Zhang Lei , Lei Jianping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEncapsulation of active biomolecules and/or nanoparticles in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) remains a great challenge in biomedical applications. In this work, through a stepwise in situ growth method, a black phosphorus quantum dot (BQ) and catalase were precisely encapsulated into the inner and outer layers of MOFs, respectively. The integrated MOF system as a tandem catalyst could convert H2O2 into O2 in MOF‐stabilized catalase outer layer, and then O2 was directly injected into MOF‐sensitized BQ inner, leading to high quantum yield of singlet oxygen. Upon internalization, the photodynamic therapy efficiency of the MOF system was 8.7‐fold greater than that without catalase, showing an enhanced therapeutic effect against hypoxic tumor cells. Furthermore, by coupling with photothermal therapy of BQs, photodynamic‐thermal synergistic therapy was realized both in vitro and in vivo.
The Interrupted Pummerer Reaction in a Sulfoxide‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of 2‐Naphthols
Authors: He Zhen , Pulis Alexander P. , Procter David J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA benzothiophene S‐oxide catalyst, generated in situ by sulfur oxidation with H2O2, mediates the oxidative coupling of 2‐naphthols. Key to the catalytic process is the capture and inversion of reactivity of a 2‐naphthol partner, using an interrupted Pummerer reaction of an unusual benzothiophene S‐oxide, followed by subsequent coupling with a second partner. The new catalytic manifold has been showcased in the synthesis of the bioactive natural products, (±)‐nigerone and (±)‐isonigerone. Although Pummerer reactions are used widely, their application in catalysis is rare, and our approach represents a new catalytic manifold for metal‐free C−C bond formation.
Intrinsic White‐Light‐Emitting Metal–Organic Frameworks with Structurally Deformable Secondary Building Units
Authors: Peng Chengdong , Song Xueling , Yin Jinlin , Zhang Guiyang , Fei Honghan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe secondary building units in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are commonly well‐defined metal–oxo clusters or chains with very limited structural strain. Herein, the structurally deformable haloplumbate units that are often observed in organolead halide perovskites have been successfully incorporated into MOFs. The resultant materials are a rare class of isoreticular MOFs exhibiting large Stokes‐shifted broadband white‐light emission, which is probably induced by self‐trapped excitons from electron–phonon coupling in the deformable, zigzag [Pb2X3]+ (X=Cl, Br, or I) chains. In contrast, MOFs with highly symmetric, robust haloplumbate chains only exhibit narrow UV–blue photoemission. The designed MOF‐based intrinsic white‐light photoemitters have a number of advantages over hybrid inorganic–organic perovskites in terms of stability and tunability, including moisture resistance, facile functionalization of photoactive moieties onto the organic linkers, introduction of luminescent guests.
Improvement of carbon nanotube dispersion in electrospun polyacrylonitrile fiber through plasma surface modification
Authors: Gürsoy Mehmet , Özcan Fatih , Karaman Mustafa 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, surfaces of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were functionalized with poly(hexafluorobutyl acrylate) (PHFBA) thin film using a rotating‐bed plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method without imparting any defects on their surfaces. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun polymer fiber mats and composite fiber mats with CNTs and functionalized CNTs (f‐CNTs) were prepared. The wettability and chemical and morphological properties of the synthesized fiber mats were investigated, and the dispersion of CNTs and f‐CNTs in the polymer matrix was compared according to the contact angle results of electrospun polymer mats. According to the chemical and morphological characterization results, PHFBA‐coated CNTs were dispersed more uniformly in the polymer matrix than the uncoated CNTs. The f‐CNTs/PAN composite fiber mat exhibits a lower surface energy than the pristine CNTs/PAN fiber mat. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47768.
Fire properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer improved by coating nonwoven flame retardant mat for aerospace application
Authors: Li Jingjing , Zhu Chenkai , Zhao Zhongjie , Khalili Pooria , Clement Mandy , Tong Jianfeng , Liu Xiaoling , Yi Xiaosu 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, two types of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) flame retardant composites, CFRP@MatEG‐GF and CFRP@MatEG‐GF‐MW (EG, GF, and MW are the acronyms of expandable graphite, glass fiber and mineral wool, respectively), were prepared via compression molding, with expandable graphite‐based mat incorporated at the surface of the CFRP. The results showed that compared with the control CFRP, both CFRP@MatEG‐GF and CFRP@MatEG‐GF‐MW passed vertical burner test and 45° burner test according to FAR25.853. Moreover, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of both CFRP@MatEG‐GF and CFRP@MatEG‐GF‐MW were increased, and the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were reduced. Besides, CFRP@MatEG‐GF‐MW had higher flame retardancy than CFRP@MatEG‐GF. This was attributed to the formation of a more stable and dense carbon layer structure. The mechanical test results showed that the tensile strength of CFRP@MatEG‐GF‐MW was higher than that of CFRP@MatEG‐GF. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47801.
The Epidemiology of Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Duarte‐García Ali , Pham Michael M. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Amin Shreyasee , Moder Kevin G. , Pruthi Rajiv K. , Warrington Kenneth J. , Matteson Eric. L. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate the annual incidence and prevalence of and frequency of mortality associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).MethodsAn inception cohort of patients with incident APS in 2000–2015 from a geographically well‐defined population was identified based on comprehensive individual medical records review. All cases met the 2006 Sydney criteria for APS (primary definition) or had a diagnosis of APS confirmed by physician consensus (secondary definition). Levels of lupus anticoagulant, IgM and IgG anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti–β2‐glycoprotein I antibodies were tested in a centralized laboratory. Incidence rates were age‐ and sex‐adjusted to the 2010 US white population. Prevalence estimates were obtained from the incidence rates, assuming that there was no increased mortality associated with APS and that migration in or out of the area was independent of disease status.ResultsAmong this cohort in 2000–2015, 33 cases of incident APS, as defined by the Sydney criteria, were identified (mean age of patients 54.2 years; 55% female, 97% white). The annual incidence of APS in adults ages ≥18 years was 2.1 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.4–2.8) per 100,000 population. Incidence rates were similar in both sexes. The estimated prevalence of APS was 50 (95% CI 42–58) per 100,000 population, and was similar in both sexes. Six patients (18%) had a concurrent diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. The most frequent clinical manifestation was deep vein thrombosis. The overall frequency of mortality among patients with APS was not significantly different from that in the general population (standardized mortality ratio 1.61, 95% CI 0.74–3.05).ConclusionAPS occurred in ~2 persons per 100,000 population per year. The estimated prevalence was 50 per 100,000 population. Overall mortality was not notably different from that observed in the general population.
Desymmetrization‐Oriented Enantioselective Synthesis of Silicon‐Stereogenic Silanes by Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Olefinations
Authors: Lin Yan , Ma Wei‐Yang , Xu Zheng , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Cao Jian , Yang Ke‐Fang , Cui Yu‐Ming , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed chelation‐assisted enantioselective C−H olefination of symmetrically diaryl‐substituted tetraorganosilicon derivatives was developed, enabling the generation of nitrogen‐containing silicon‐stereogenic tetraorganosilicon compounds with modest to good yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95.5:4.5 e.r.). The Thorpe–Ingold effect exerted by the substituents on silicon was observed to have a profound influence on formation of olefinated products which were further converted into other relevant chiral organosilanes without the loss of enantiomeric purity, thus demonstrating the synthetic utility of the developed enantioselective olefination.
Improving the cost effectiveness of enhanced green fluorescent protein production using recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3): Decreasing the expression inducer concentration
Authors: Lopes Camila , dos Santos Nathalia Vieira , Dupont Jana , Pedrolli Danielle Biscaro , Valentini Sandro Roberto , de Carvalho Santos‐Ebinuma Valéria , Pereira Jorge Fernando Brandão 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGreen fluorescent protein (GFP) is a globular protein used as biosensor and biomarker in medical and industrial fields. However, due to the expensive production costs of expressing proteins using high‐cost inducers like isopropyl‐β‐d‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), the number of GFP applications are still scarce. This work studied the production of enhanced GFP (EGFP) using Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) [pLysS; pET28(a)], aiming to increase its yield and reduce costs. First, the influence of agitation rate, induction time, and concentration of IPTG in the production of EGFP was evaluated, but only the first two parameters were significant. Subsequently, aiming to reduce costs related to the use of inducer, the IPTG concentration (0.005, 0.010, and 0.025 mM) was decreased and, interestingly, the production levels were maintained or increased. These results show that a proper choice of production conditions, particularly through the decrease of inducer concentration, is effective to reduce the upstream production costs and guarantee high EGFP expression.
A novel method for constructing an acellular 3D biomatrix from bovine spinal cord for neural tissue engineering applications
Authors: Arslan Yavuz Emre , Efe Burcu , Sezgin Arslan Tugba 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, we aimed at generating 3‐dimensional (3D) decellularized bovine spinal cord extracellular matrix‐based scaffolds (3D‐dCBS) for neural tissue engineering applications. Within this scope, bovine spinal cord tissue pieces were homogenized in 0.1 M NaOH and this viscous mixture was molded to attain 3D bioscaffolds. After resultant bioscaffolds were chemically crosslinked, the decellularization process was conducted with detergent, buffer, and enzyme solutions. Nuclear remnants in the native tissue and 3D‐dCBS were determined with DNA content analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis. Afterward, 3D‐dCBS were biochemically characterized in depth via glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, hydroxyproline (HYP) assay, and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Cellular survival of human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) on the 3D‐dCBS for 3rd, 7th, and 10th days was assessed via MTT assay. Scaffold and cell/scaffold constructs were also evaluated with scanning electron microscopy and histochemical studies. DNA contents for native and 3D‐dCBS were respectively found to be 520.76 ± 18.11 and 28.80 ± 0.20 ng/mg dry weight (n = 3), indicating a successful decellularization process. GAG content, HYP assay, and SDS‐PAGE results proved that the extracellular matrix was substantially preserved during the decellularization process. In conclusion, it is believed that the novel decellularization method may allow fabricating 3D bioscaffolds with desired geometry from soft nervous system tissues.
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5: A novel therapeutic target for triple‐negative breast cancers
Authors: Vinet Mathilde , Suresh Samyuktha , Maire Virginie , Monchecourt Clarisse , Némati Fariba , Lesage Laetitia , Pierre Fabienne , Ye Mengliang , Lescure Auriane , Brisson Amélie , Meseure Didier , Nicolas André , Rigaill Guillem , Marangoni Elisabetta , Del Nery Elaine , Roman‐Roman Sergio , Dubois Thierry 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTNBC is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive breast cancer subtype associated with high relapse rates, and for which no targeted therapy yet exists. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an enzyme which catalyzes the methylation of arginines on histone and non‐histone proteins, has recently emerged as a putative target for cancer therapy. Potent and specific PRMT5 inhibitors have been developed, but the therapeutic efficacy of PRMT5 targeting in TNBC has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we examine the expression of PRMT5 in a human breast cancer cohort obtained from the Institut Curie, and evaluate the therapeutic potential of pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 in TNBC. We find that PRMT5 mRNA and protein are expressed at comparable levels in TNBC, luminal breast tumors, and healthy mammary tissues. However, immunohistochemistry analyses reveal that PRMT5 is differentially localized in TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes and to normal breast tissues. PRMT5 is heterogeneously expressed in TNBC and high PRMT5 expression correlates with poor prognosis within this breast cancer subtype. Using the small‐molecule inhibitor EPZ015666, we show that PRMT5 inhibition impairs cell proliferation in a subset of TNBC cell lines. PRMT5 inhibition triggers apoptosis, regulates cell cycle progression and decreases mammosphere formation. Furthermore, EPZ015666 administration to a patient‐derived xenograft model of TNBC significantly deters tumor progression. Finally, we reveal potentiation between EGFR and PRMT5 targeting, suggestive of a beneficial combination therapy. Our findings highlight a distinctive subcellular localization of PRMT5 in TNBC, and uphold PRMT5 targeting, alone or in combination, as a relevant treatment strategy for a subset of TNBC.