bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public understanding of futures & foresight science: A reply to Chermack’s response
Authors: Rowland Nicholas J. , Spaniol Matthew J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this essay, which is a reply to Chermack’s (2019) response to our article, the authors develop the most constructive feedback in the aforementioned response essay and then respond to more critical comments. As we shall see, in parallel with science and technology studies (STS) literature on the public understanding of science, the authors propose the utility of research on the “public understanding of futures and foresight science;” after that, the authors defend and add context to some of the decisions that had to be made in establishing the scope and framework for the article “Defining scenario” (Spaniol & Rowland, 2019). [Correction added on 13 May 2019, after first online publication: typographical errors in the citations of Chermack (2019) and Spaniol & Rowland (2019) have been corrected.].
Weltläufig und fremdheitsfreundlich
Authors: Strohschneider Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGrenzüberschreitende Kooperation scheint selbstverständlich für gute Forschung zu sein. Doch worauf gründet sie eigentlich? Müssen in einer polyzentrischen Wissenschaftswelt Freiheit und Verantwortung neu gedacht werden? Und wie lassen sie sich gegen ihre aktuellen Bedrohungen schützen? Anmerkungen zur Internationalität der Wissenschaften im globalen Zeitalter
Bildschöne Monstrositäten
Authors: Kaufmann Kerstin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGefüllte Blüten sind das Ergebnis eines Kampfes von Genen, die die Entwicklung verschiedenster Strukturen und Organe aktivieren oder bremsen. Molekularbiologen interessieren sich besonders für Mutanten, um Rückschlüsse auf die Mechanismen der Blütenentwicklung und ihren evolutionären Ursprung zu gewinnen. Das führt näher an den hochkomplexen „regulatorischen Code” der Blüten heran.
Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery: Frequency, anatomical variations according to a new classification and surgery consideration
Authors: Le Van Quang , Ngo Quoc Duy , Ngo Xuan Quy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is a rare embryologically derived variant of the RLN. We aimed to identify the proportion of NRLN (during thyroidectomy), classify clinical NRLN types, and recommend some surgical considerations.MethodIn this prospective study, from May 2017 to September 2018, our hospital carried out 2158 thyroid operations. We reported the NRLN rate and distinguished NRLN into four types.ResultsOverall, NRLN had an incidence rate of 0.74% (16 out of 2158 total thyroid surgeries). We did not detect any patient with left‐sided NRLN. The traveling patterns of the nerves could be classified as descending (12.5%), vertical (25%), ascending (37.5%), or V‐shaped (25%).ConclusionThe NRLN is a rare variation of the RLN. From our experience, we recommend the guidelines will help surgeons to avoid NRLN injury.
Workforce diversity and firm performance: Relational coordination as a mediator and structural empowerment and multisource feedback as moderators
Authors: Lee Hun Whee , Kim Eunhee 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWorkforce composition in organizations has become increasingly diverse. As an important step in determining how workforce diversity leads to firm performance, we proposed relational coordination as a mediator through which diversity in age and education indirectly affects firm performance. We also highlighted two human resource management practices (structural empowerment and multisource feedback) as critical contingencies that moderate the effects of workforce diversity on relational coordination and firm performance. We conducted hierarchical multiple regression on multisource data (including responses from senior directors, department directors, managers, and employees, as well as financial performance) from 189 Korean firms in the manufacturing sector, which yielded support for our hypotheses. These findings offer novel theoretical and practical insights into the effective management of workforce diversity.
Comparison of dermal vs internal light administration in human lungs using the TDLAS‐GASMAS technique—Phantom studies
Authors: Larsson Jim , Leander Dennis , Lewander Xu Märta , Fellman Vineta , Bood Joakim , Krite Svanberg Emilie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOxygen and water vapor content, in the lungs of a 3D‐printed phantom model based on CT‐images of a preterm infant, is evaluated using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) in Gas in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy (GASMAS), that is, the TDLAS‐GASMAS technique. Oxygen gas is detected through an absorption line near 764 nm and water vapor through an absorption line near 820 nm. A model with a lung containing interior structure is compared to a model with a hollow lung. Compared to the model with the hollow lung, both the mean absorption path length and the transmitted intensity are found to be lower for the model with the structured lung. A new approach, where laser light is delivered internally into the model through an optical fiber, is compared to dermal light administration, that is, illumination onto the skin, for the model with structure inside the lung. The internal light administration generally resulted in larger gas absorption, and higher signal‐to‐noise ratios, compared to the dermal light administration. The results from the phantom measurements show great promise for the internal illumination approach and a natural next step would be to investigate it further in clinical studies.
Retracted: High expression of TCF12 contributes to gastric cancer development via being target regulated by miR‐183 and activating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Wang Xuekui , Gao Shen , Xie Feng , Li Wei , Li Miyang , Yan Ning , Gao Tiehe , Fang Ling 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the role of transcription factor 12 (TCF12) in the process of gastric cancer (GC) and to elucidate its possible regulatory mechanism. The expression data of GC tissues and matched normal tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Survival analysis for GC patients with different levels of TCF12 was performed by the Kaplan‐Meier analysis. In addition, TCF12 was suppressed in human GC cell lines AGS and MKN‐45, followed by detecting cell biological processes (proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion). Moreover, the association between TCF12 and the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT signal was elucidated. Besides, the potential micro RNAs that could target TCF12 expression were explored. The results showed that TCF12 was highly expressed in GC tissues and TCF12 upregulation was associated with poor prognosis of GC patients. In addition, suppression of TCF12 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of both AGS and MKN45 cells, as well as induced apoptosis of the two cell lines. Moreover, suppression of TCF12 significantly decreased the expression of p‐AKT, cyclin D1, p‐P70, and β‐catenin in both AGS and MKN45 cells. Besides, TCF12 was target regulated by miR‐183 in GC cells. Our findings reveal that TCF12 is upregulated in GC and its upregulation is associated with poor prognosis of GC patients. To sum up, downregulation of TCF12 may inhibit GC development via being target regulated by miR‐183 and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signal. TCF12 may function as a potential therapeutic target for GC.
Thymidine kinase 1 concentration in pleural effusion is a diagnostic marker and survival predictor for malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Tian Tian , Li Jun , Hu Wenjun , Sun Cuiling , Zhou Jian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway. Increased TK1 concentration correlates with cell division. TK1 is an emerging biomarker in cancer diagnosis; however, its effectiveness in diagnosis and management for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is unclear. We evaluated the diagnostic efficiency and prognostic value of pleural effusion TK1 (pTK1) concentration for MPE.MethodsFrom 2013 to 2017, 210 pleural effusion samples were collected from 160 patients diagnosed with MPE and 50 patients diagnosed with benign pleural effusion (BPE). TK1 concentrations in pleural effusion were measured by chemiluminescence dot blot assays. The median follow‐up was 12 months. We constructed a receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve to find the optimal cutoff value for MPE diagnosis. The hazard ratios were estimated using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model. A nomogram was drawn to illustrate the prognostic characteristics of MPE.ResultsThe TK1 concentration in pleural effusion was significantly higher in MPE than BPE (P < 0.001), and patients with MPE could be distinguished by an optimal cutoff value of 3.10 pmol/L with a sensitivity of 0.894 and a specificity of 0.800. The multivariate analysis suggested that pTK1 concentration was an independent predictor of survival in patients with MPE.ConclusionsThe diagnostic and prognostic prediction of MPE may be improved by measuring pTK1 concentration and utilizing a multivariate nomogram.
Pursuing use of optimal formulations for paediatric HIV epidemic control – a look at the use of LPV/r oral pellets and oral granules
Authors: Malati Christine Y , Golin Rachel , O'Brien Lisa , Sugandhi Nandita , Srivastava Meena , Larson Chris , Phelps Benjamin R 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionDespite a significant reduction in mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV, an estimated 180,000 children were infected with HIV in 2017, and only 52% of children under 15 years of age living with HIV (CLHIV) are on life‐saving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Without effective treatment, half of CLHIV die before the age of two years and only one in five survives to five years of age.DiscussionOver the past four years, the United States Food and Drug Administration tentatively approved new formulations of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in the form of oral pellets and oral granules. However, the slow uptake of the aforementioned formulations in the low‐ and middle‐income countries with the highest paediatric HIV burden is largely due to three challenges: limited manufacturing capacity; current unit cost of the pellets and granules; and slow uptake of these new formulations by policy makers and health care workers.ConclusionsSolutions to overcome these barriers include ensuring availability of an adequate supply of LPV/r oral pellets and oral granules, considering all programmatic and clinical factors when selecting paediatric ART formulations, and leveraging current resources to decrease paediatric HIV morbidity and mortality.
In utero exposure to HIV and/or antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence of cognitive outcomes
Authors: McHenry Megan S , Balogun Kayode A , McDonald Brenna C , Vreeman Rachel C , Whipple Elizabeth C , Serghides Lena 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionWith the increasing number of children exposed to HIV or antiretroviral therapy in utero, there are concerns that this population may have worse neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to those who are unexposed. The objective of this study was to systematically review the clinical and preclinical literature on the effects of in utero exposure to HIV and/or antiretroviral therapy (ART) on neurodevelopment.MethodsWe systematically searched OVID Medline, PsycINFO and Embase, as well as the Cochrane Collaborative Database, Google Scholar and bibliographies of pertinent articles. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were assessed independently by two reviewers. Data from included studies were extracted. Results are summarized qualitatively.ResultsThe search yielded 3027 unique titles. Of the 255 critically reviewed full‐text articles, 25 met inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Five articles studied human subjects and looked at brain structure and function. The remaining 20 articles were preclinical studies that mostly focused on behavioural assessments in animal models. The few clinical studies had mixed results. Some clinical studies found no difference in white matter while others noted higher fractional anisotropy and lower mean diffusivity in the brains of HIV‐exposed uninfected children compared to HIV‐unexposed uninfected children, correlating with abnormal neurobehavioral scores. Preclinical studies focused primarily on neurobehavioral changes resulting from monotherapy with either zidovudine or lamivudine. Various developmental and behavioural changes were noted in preclinical studies with ART exposure, including decreased grooming, decreased attention, memory deficits and fewer behaviours associated with appropriate social interaction.ConclusionsWhile the existing literature suggests that there may be some neurobehavioral differences associated with HIV and ART exposure, limited data are available to substantially support these claims. More research is needed comparing neurobiological factors between HIV‐exposed uninfected and HIV‐unexposed uninfected children and using exposures consistent with current clinical care.
Extraction and determination of bioactive flavonoids from Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Medicus flowers using deep eutectic solvents coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Wan Yuyan , Wang Min , Zhang Kailian , Fu Qifeng , Wang Lujun , Gao Manjie , Xia Zhining , Gao Die 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA highly efficient and ecofriendly extraction method using deep eutectic solvents was developed to extract bioactive flavonoids from Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Medicus flowers. First, a series of deep eutectic solvents using choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptor with different hydrogen bond donors was successfully synthesized. Then, the types of deep eutectic solvents and the extraction conditions for bioactive flavonoids (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and myricetin) were optimized based on the flavonoids extraction efficiencies. The optimized deep eutectic solvent for hyperoside and isoquercitrin extraction was composed of choline chloride and acetic acid with a molar ratio of 1:2. The optimized deep eutectic solvent for myricetin extraction was composed of one mole of choline chloride and two moles of methacrylic acid. The optimal extraction conditions were set as: solid to solvent ratio, 35:1 (mg/mL); extraction time, 30 min; extraction temperature, 30°C. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography. And the extraction efficiencies of hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and myricetin under optimal extraction conditions were calculated as 11.57, 5.64, and 1.11 mg/g, much higher than those extracted by traditional extraction solvents. Therefore, the prepared deep eutectic solvents can be selected as alternative solvent to extract bioactive flavonoids.
Revealing Novel Power Laws and Quantization in Electrospinning Considering Jet Splitting—Toward Predicting Fiber Diameter and Its Distribution
Authors: Schubert Dirk W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA novel physical model is proposed relating fiber diameter and its distribution to various process parameters. Power laws are derived taking into consideration, applied voltage, viscosity, charge density, surface tension, and jet splitting. It is recommended how researchers should analyze their data to separate various effects. In particular, it is possible to predict not only the fiber diameter but also its distribution.
Tspan8 is expressed in breast cancer and regulates E‐cadherin/catenin signalling and metastasis accompanied by increased circulating extracellular vesicles
Authors: Voglstaetter Maren , Thomsen Andreas R , Nouvel Jerome , Koch Arend , Jank Paul , Navarro Elena Grueso , Gainey‐Schleicher Tanja , Khanduri Richa , Groß Andrea , Rossner Florian , Blaue Carina , Franz Clemens M , Veil Marina , Puetz Gerhard , Hippe Andreas , Dindorf Jochen , Kashef Jubin , Thiele Wilko , Homey Bernhard , Greco Celine , Boucheix Claude , Baur Andreas , Erbes Thalia , Waller Cornelius F , Follo Marie , Hossein Ghamartaj , Sers Christine , Sleeman Jonathan , Nazarenko Irina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTspan8 exhibits a functional role in many cancer types including pancreatic, colorectal, oesophagus carcinoma, and melanoma. We present a first study on the expression and function of Tspan8 in breast cancer. Tspan8 protein was present in the majority of human primary breast cancer lesions and metastases in the brain, bone, lung, and liver. In a syngeneic rat breast cancer model, Tspan8+ tumours formed multiple liver and spleen metastases, while Tspan8− tumours exhibited a significantly diminished ability to metastasise, indicating a role of Tspan8 in metastases. Addressing the underlying molecular mechanisms, we discovered that Tspan8 can mediate up‐regulation of E‐cadherin and down‐regulation of Twist, p120‐catenin, and β‐catenin target genes accompanied by the change of cell phenotype, resembling the mesenchymal–epithelial transition. Furthermore, Tspan8+ cells exhibited enhanced cell–cell adhesion, diminished motility, and decreased sensitivity to irradiation. As a regulator of the content and function of extracellular vesicles (EVs), Tspan8 mediated a several‐fold increase in EV number in cell culture and the circulation of tumour‐bearing animals. We observed increased protein levels of E‐cadherin and p120‐catenin in these EVs; furthermore, Tspan8 and p120‐catenin were co‐immunoprecipitated, indicating that they may interact with each other. Altogether, our findings show the presence of Tspan8 in breast cancer primary lesion and metastases and indicate its role as a regulator of cell behaviour and EV release in breast cancer. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Validation and extension of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy in the Chinese setting
Authors: Liang Yun‐si , Yang Han‐xue , Ma Yan‐tao , Lui Simon S. Y. , Cheung Eric F. C. , Wang Yi , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) is a commonly used instrument in empathy research. However, this scale has not been validated in the Chinese context. We examined the psychometric properties and structure of the QCAE in a Chinese sample consisting of 1224 college students. The whole sample was split into two halves for exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n = 617) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 607). A subsample (n = 351) completed the Chinese versions of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to examine convergent validity and the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS) to examine the discriminate validity. Finally, 79 participants of the above subsample were retested after a 4‐week interval. Results from EFA and CFA suggested a five‐factor model, namely Perspective Taking, Online Simulation, Emotional Contagion, Proximal Responsivity, and Peripheral Responsivity. The internal consistency was .86 and test–retest reliability was .76. Scores on the QCAE positively correlated with scores on the IRI and negatively correlated with scores on the RSAS. The Chinese version of the QCAE exhibited good factor structure, reliability, and validity. Specific relationships between empathy and social anhedonia were also demonstrated.
Investigating target‐site resistance mechanism to the PPO‐inhibiting herbicide fomesafen in waterhemp and interspecific hybridization of Amaranthus species using next generation sequencing
Authors: Nie Haozhen , Mansfield Brent C , Harre Nick T , Young Julie M , Steppig Nicholas R , Young Bryan G 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWaterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J. D. Sauer) is one of the most pernicious weeds in cropping systems of the USA due to its evolved resistance against several herbicide sites‐of‐action, including protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors (PPO‐R). Currently, the only source of PPO‐R documented in waterhemp is ΔG210 of PPX2. Gene flow may not only lead to a transfer of herbicide‐resistant alleles, but also produce a hybrid genotype more competitively fit than one or both parents. However, investigating gene flow of Amaranthus species has been of interest in the past two decades with limited evidence.RESULTSHere, a high‐throughput MiSeq amplicon sequencing method was used to investigate alterations of the PPX2 gene in 146 PPO‐R waterhemp populations across five Midwest states of the USA. Five R128 codons of PPX2, novel to waterhemp, were found including AGG (R), GGA (G), GGG (G), AAA (K) and ATA (I). R128G, R128I, and R128K were found in 11, 3, and 2 populations, respectively. R128G and R128I, but not R128K, conferred fomesafen resistance in a bacterial system. Sequence alignment of the R128 region of PPX2 identified a tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albus)‐type and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)‐type PPX2 allele to be present and widespread in the surveyed waterhemp populations, thus providing strong evidence of gene flow between Amaranthus species.CONCLUSIONUsing a next‐generation sequencing method, we identified two PPO target‐site mutations R128G/I novel to waterhemp and provided evidence of gene flow of Amaranthus species in a large group of screened waterhemp populations from five Midwest states of the USA. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Guaranteed‐performance consensus design for Lipschitz nonlinear multiagent systems with jointly connected topologies
Authors: Zheng Tang , Xi Jianxiang , Yuan Mei , Liu Guangbin 
Published: April 2019

SummaryGuaranteed‐performance consensualization problems for both leaderless and leader‐following multiagent systems with jointly connected topologies and Lipschitz nonlinear dynamics are investigated. To achieve the guaranteed‐performance consensus, the control protocols and quadratic performance functions based on state errors are proposed. The state error method is utilized to deal with the guaranteed‐performance consensualization problems for both leaderless and leader‐following cases. Then, the Lipschitz nonlinear problems are solved by using the Lipschitz condition. Moreover, guaranteed‐performance consensualization criteria for both leaderless and leader‐following cases with jointly connected topologies are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Meanwhile, the guaranteed‐performance costs with the structure properties of both leaderless and leader‐following structures are determined. Finally, two numerical simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
A Molecular Hero Suit for In Vitro and In Vivo DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Kizer Megan E. , Linhardt Robert J. , Chandrasekaran Arun Richard , Wang Xing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrecise control of DNA base pairing has rapidly developed into a field full of diverse nanoscale structures and devices that are capable of automation, performing molecular analyses, mimicking enzymatic cascades, biosensing, and delivering drugs. This DNA‐based platform has shown the potential of offering novel therapeutics and biomolecular analysis but will ultimately require clever modification to enrich or achieve the needed “properties” and make it whole. These modifications total what are categorized as the molecular hero suit of DNA nanotechnology. Like a hero, DNA nanostructures have the ability to put on a suit equipped with honing mechanisms, molecular flares, encapsulated cargoes, a protective body armor, and an evasive stealth mode.