bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Functionalized Monoaryl‐λ3‐iodanes through Chemo‐ and Site‐Selective ipso‐Substitution Reactions
Authors: Komami Narumi , Matsuoka Keitaro , Nakano Ayako , Kojima Masahiro , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Matsunaga Shigeki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMonoaryl‐λ3‐iodanes are potentially attractive arylating agents. They are generally synthesized from aryl iodides via oxidation, which can cause functional group incompatibility, especially when polyfunctionalized derivatives are desired. This work describes the direct synthesis of monoaryl‐λ3‐iodanes through a chemoselective ipso‐substitution reaction of arylgermanes and arylstannanes with iodine tris(trifluoroacetate). The generated iodanes were converted to iodonium ylides or used for further transformations in one pot. The presented method enables the preparation of polyfunctionalized monoaryl‐λ3‐iodanes.
Exosomes and diabetes
Authors: Castaño Carlos , Novials Anna , Párrizas Marcelina 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDiabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that drive the development of life‐threatening complications. Diabetes results from a situation of insufficient insulin action, either by deficient production of the hormone by the pancreas, or by the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues such as liver, muscle, or the adipose depots. Communication between organs is thus central to the maintenance of glucose homoeostasis. Recently, several studies are evidencing that small vesicles called exosomes released by, amongst other, the adipose tissue can regulate gene expression in other tissues, hence modulating interorgan crosstalk. Therefore, exosomes participate in the development of diabetes and its associated complications. Their study holds the potential of providing us with novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis and stratification of patients at risk of developing diabetes, hence allowing the timely implementation of more personalized therapies. On the other hand, the molecular dissection of the pathways initiated by exosomes under situations of metabolic stress could help to gain a deeper knowledge of the pathophysiology of diabetes and its associated metabolic diseases.
Metabolic effects of breastfeed in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ma Shujuan , Hu Shimin , Liang Huiling , Xiao Yanni , Tan Hongzhuan 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis study was undertaken to provide comprehensive analyses of current research developments in the field of breastfeed (BF) and metabolic‐related outcomes among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Database PubMed, Embase, BIOSIS Previews, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched through December 3, 2017. Odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled by random‐effects model using Stata version 12.0. Twenty‐three observational studies were included in quantitative synthesis. Reduced possibility of progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; OR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68‐0.92) and pre‐DM (OR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.86) were found among women with longer BF of any intensity after GDM pregnancy. The positive effect of longer BF on progression to T2DM gradually became prominent with the extension of follow‐up period. Compared with women with shorter BF, those with longer BF manifested more favourable metabolic parameters, including significant lower body mass index, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and higher insulin sensitivity index. The findings support that BF may play an important role in protection against the development of T2DM‐related outcomes in midlife of women with prior GDM. However, further studies are needed to reveal the etiological mechanism.
Motion control of underactuated linkage robot based on gymnastic skill
Authors: Henmi Tomohiro , Akiyama Masaki , Yamamoto Toru 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a reproduction of a swing‐up and a giant swing motion of underactuated robots based on technique of the horizontal bar gymnast is discussed with focusing on an equivalent center of mass (ECM) of underactuated robots and the gymnast. At first, the behaviors of the ECM of the gymnast (ECMG) are analyzed by using a motion capturing technique and an efficient motion of the ECMG for the swing‐up and for the giant swing motion are identified from analysis results, respectively. Next, a partial linearization method, which can realize that the ECM of the Acrobot (ECMA) replicates this efficient motion, is designed and reproduces the underactuated robots the swing‐up and giant swing motion like the gymnast. Finally, an effectiveness of the proposed controller is shown by numerical simulations.
Quantitative display of the redox status of proteins with maleimide‐polyethylene glycol tagging
Authors: Lee Yu‐Jung , Chang Geen‐Dong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCysteine oxidation, either biologically reversible or irreversible, is the main posttranslational modification associated with redox signaling and oxidative stress. Maleimide‐polyethylene glycol (m‐PEG) has been used to detect reversibly oxidized proteins by reacting to the reduced cysteine residues leading to mobility shift in immunoblots; a method called PEG‐switch. With PEG‐switch, both reduced and oxidized proteins can be observed on the same immunoblot simultaneously, providing a simple quantitative measurement for protein thiol modifications. In this report, we optimized the assay conditions and exploited the applications of PEG‐switch in quantitation of the extent of protein thiol oxidation in cells in response to H2O2 and insulin. In addition, we have proposed a redox scoring system for measuring the redox status of any given protein from the m‐PEG immunoblot. Our results provided quantitative data showing that two cysteine residues of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B are prone to oxidation following insulin treatment in cultured HeLa cells.
A volume‐agglomeration multirate time advancing for high Reynolds number flow simulation
Authors: Itam Emmanuelle , Wornom Stephen , Koobus Bruno , Dervieux Alain 
Published: December 2018

SummaryA frequent configuration in computational fluid mechanics combines an explicit time advancing scheme for accuracy purposes and a computational grid with a very small portion of much smaller elements than in the remaining mesh. Two examples of such situations are the travel of a discontinuity followed by a moving mesh, and the large eddy simulation of high Reynolds number flows around bluff bodies where together very thin boundary layers and vortices of much more important size need to be captured. For such configurations, multistage explicit time advancing schemes with global time stepping are very accurate but very CPU consuming. In order to reduce this problem, the multirate (MR) time stepping approach represents an interesting improvement. The objective of such schemes, which allow to use different time steps in the computational domain, is to avoid penalizing the computational cost of the time advancement of unsteady solutions that would become large due to the use of small global time steps imposed by the smallest elements such as those constituting the boundary layers. In the present work, a new MR scheme based on control volume agglomeration is proposed for the solution of the compressible Navier‐Stokes equations equipped with turbulence models. The method relies on a prediction step where large time steps are performed with an evaluation of the fluxes on macrocells for the smaller elements for stability purpose and a correction step in which small time steps are employed. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are evaluated on several benchmarks flows: the problem of a moving contact discontinuity (inviscid flow), the computation with a hybrid turbulence model of flows around bluff bodies like a flow around a space probe model at Reynolds number 106, a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 8.4 × 106, and two tandem cylinders at Reynolds number 1.66 × 105 and 1.4 × 105.
Aberrant visual pathway development in albinism: From retina to cortex
Authors: Ather Sarim , Proudlock Frank Anthony , Welton Thomas , Morgan Paul S. , Sheth Viral , Gottlob Irene , Dineen Rob A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlbinism refers to a group of genetic abnormalities in melanogenesis that are associated neuronal misrouting through the optic chiasm. We perform quantitative assessment of visual pathway structure and function in 23 persons with albinism (PWA) and 20 matched controls using optical coherence tomography (OCT), volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging and visual evoked potentials (VEP). PWA had a higher streamline decussation index (percentage of total tractography streamlines decussating at the chiasm) compared with controls (Z = −2.24, p = .025), and streamline decussation index correlated weakly with inter‐hemispheric asymmetry measured using VEP (r = .484, p = .042). For PWA, a significant correlation was found between foveal development index and total number of streamlines (r = .662, p < .001). Significant positive correlations were found between peri‐papillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and optic nerve (r = .642, p < .001) and tract (r = .663, p < .001) width. Occipital pole cortical thickness was 6.88% higher (Z = −4.10, p < .001) in PWA and was related to anterior visual pathway structures including foveal retinal pigment epithelium complex thickness (r = −.579, p = .005), optic disc (r = .478, p = .021) and rim areas (r = .597, p = .003). We were unable to demonstrate a significant relationship between OCT‐derived foveal or optic nerve measures and MRI‐derived chiasm size or streamline decussation index. Our novel tractographic demonstration of altered chiasmatic decussation in PWA corresponds to VEP measured cortical asymmetry and is consistent with chiasmatic misrouting in albinism. We also demonstrate a significant relationship between retinal pigment epithelium and visual cortex thickness indicating that retinal pigmentation defects in albinism lead to downstream structural reorganisation of the visual cortex.
Hydraulics of overland flow influenced by litter incorporation under extreme rainfall
Authors: Wang Lunjiang , Zhang Guanghui , Wang Xue , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWater erosion on hillslopes is a worldwide environmental problem, which is a rainfall‐induced process, especially extreme rainfall. The great intensity of extreme rainfall strongly enhances the power of overland flow to detach soil and transport sediment. Plant litter is one of the most important constituents of ecosystems that often covers the soil surface and can be incorporated into topsoil. However, little attention has been paid to its effect on flow hydraulics owing to the veiled nature. This study aimed to examine the effects of incorporated litter on the hydraulic properties under extreme rainfall condition. To reach this goal, six litter rates of 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.35, and 0.50 kg m−2 and four litter types collected from deciduous trees, coniferous trees, shrubs, and herbs were incorporated into topsoil. Then, simulated rainfall experiments were performed on five slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°) with an extreme rainfall intensity of 80 mm h−1. The results showed that Froude number and flow velocity of the overland flow decreased, whereas flow resistance increased exponentially with litter incorporation rate. Litter type had an influence on flow hydraulics, which can mainly be attributed to the variations in surface coverage of the exposed litter and the litter morphology. Flow velocity and Darcy–Weisbach coefficient increased markedly with slope gradient. However, the variation of slope gradient did not modify the relationships between flow hydraulics and incorporated litter rate. The random roughness, resulting from heterogeneous erosion due to the uneven protection of surface exposed litter, increased linearly with litter incorporated rate. As rainfall proceeded, flow hydraulics varied with incorporated litter rate and slope gradient complicatedly due to the increases in flow rate and coverage of the exposed litter and the modification of soil surface roughness.
Denoising and segmentation of MR images using fourth order non‐linear adaptive PDE and new convergent clustering
Authors: Kollem Sreedhar , Reddy Katta Rama Linga , Rao Duggirala Srinivasa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAt present, digital image processing plays a vital role in medical imaging areas and specifically in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain images such as axial and coronal sections. This article mainly focused on the MRI brain images. The existing methods such as total variation (MC), parallel MRI, modified pyramidal dual‐tree direction filter, adaptive dictionary selection algorithm, classifier methods, and fuzzy clustering techniques are poor in image eminence and precision. Thus, this article presents a novel approach consisting of denoising followed by segmentation. The objective of these proposed methods was visual eminence improvement of medical images to examine tumor extent using an adaptive partial differential equation (APDE)‐based analysis with soft threshold function in denoising. The fourth order, nonlinear APDE was used to denoise the image depending on gradient and Laplacian operators associated with the new adaptive Haar‐type wavelet transform. A second approach was the new convergent K‐means clustering for segmentation. The convergent K‐means procedure diminishes the summation of the squared deviations of structures in a cluster from the center. The significance of these proposed methods was to compute their performances in terms of mean squared error, peak signal‐to‐noise ratio, structure similarity, segmentation accuracy, false hit, missed‐term, and elapsed time. The results were analyzed with the MATLAB software.
Sibling spillover effects in school achievement
Authors: Nicoletti Cheti , Rabe Birgitta 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis paper provides empirical evidence on sibling spillover effects in school achievement using administrative data on 230,000 siblings in England. We extend previous strategies to identify peer effects by exploiting the variation in school test scores across subjects observed at ages 11 and 16 as well as variation in peer quality between siblings. We find a statistically significant positive spillover effect from the older to the younger sibling. Sibling spillovers account for a non‐negligible proportion of the attainment gap between low‐ and higher income pupils in England.
Overexpression of GAS5 inhibits abnormal activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in myocardial tissues of rats with coronary artery disease
Authors: Li Xuexiang , Hou Linlin , Cheng Ziping , Zhou Shu , Qi Jinwei , Cheng Jinglin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the clinical value of long noncoding RNA growth arrest‐specific transcript 5 (LncRNA GAS5) in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its protective effect on myocardial injury in rats with CAD.MethodsPatients with CAD and healthy controls were selected to measure the expression of GAS5, and further to perform the correlation analysis and ROC curve. In addition, the rat models of CAD were also established to observe the effect of GAS5 on hyperlipidemia, myocardial injury, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory injury of rats with CAD, and the effect of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway was also determined.ResultsOverexpression of GAS5 in CAD rats determines improvement of hyperlipidemia, attenuation of myocardial injury, inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory injury, and abnormal activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in myocardial tissues.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that downregulation of GAS5 is found in CAD, and overexpression of GAS5 inhibits abnormal activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in myocardial tissues of CAD rats.
Investigation of mineral content of root canal dentin after the application of various antibiotic paste using energy‐dispersive X‐ray detector
Authors: Simsek H. , Coruh M. , Cakici F. , Fundaoglu Kucukekenci F. , Gurbuz T. , Cakici E. B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate mineral content of root canal dentin after treatment with different antibiotic pastes including the mixture of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, cefaclor, amoxicillin, or minocycline. Fifty extracted maxillary canine teeth were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10 teeth for each group). Root canals were prepared Reciproc rotary files. Canals were irrigated using 5 ml 5% NaOCl and 1 ml 15% EDTA. Each tooth in all groups were longitudinally splitted into two pieces as a control and experimental samples. Each experimental group received following antibiotic paste; double antibiotic paste (DAP) and triple antibiotic paste with doxycycline (TAPd), TAP with cefaclor (TAPc), TAP with amoxicillin (TAPa), and TAP with minocycline (TAPm) for 21 days. The Ca, P, Mg, Ca, and K levels, and the Ca/P ratio was analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped using a Bruker energy‐dispersive X‐Ray (EDX) detector. Data were analyzed with independent samples t‐test, one‐way anova, and Duncan tests. Ca and Ca/P ratio showed a statistically significant increase TAP with amoxicillin and cefaclor (p < .05). DAP, TAPd, and TAPm did not change the mineral levels (p > .05). TAPa and TAPc with increased the Ca level and Ca/P ratio of the root canal dentin which consequently positively influences the revascularization process.
Root growth compensates for molar wear in adult goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)
Authors: Ackermans Nicole L. , Clauss Marcus , Winkler Daniela E. , Schulz‐Kornas Ellen , Kaiser Thomas M. , Müller Dennis W. H. , Kircher Patrick R. , Hummel Jürgen , Hatt Jean‐Michel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOne reason for the mammalian clade’s success is the evolutionary diversity of their teeth. In herbivores, this is represented by high‐crowned teeth evolved to compensate for wear caused by dietary abrasives like phytoliths and grit. Exactly how dietary abrasives wear teeth is still not understood completely. We fed four different pelleted diets of increasing abrasiveness (L: Lucerne; G: grass; GR: grass and rice husks; GRS: grass, rice husks, and sand) to four groups of a total of 28 adult goats, all with completely erupted third molars, over a six‐month period. Tooth morphology was captured by medical computed tomography scans at the beginning and end of the controlled feeding experiment, and separation lines between the crown and root segments were defined in the upper right second molar (M2), to gauge absolute wear. Using bootstrapping, significant differences in volume loss between diets L/G and GR/GRS were detected. A small but nevertheless consistent volume gain was noted in the roots, and there was a significant, positive correlation between crown volume loss and root volume gain. This growth could possibly be attributed to the well‐known process of cementum deposition and its relation with a putative feedback mechanism, in place to attenuate wear caused by abrasive diets.
Convergent, Discriminant, and Incremental Validities of Person–Environment Fit Scale for Creativity in Predicting Innovative Behavior
Authors: Duan Wenjie , Li Yumei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study examined the validity of a 14‐item two‐factor person–environment fit scale for creativity (PEFSC) to measure the personal and environmental components of creativity. A sample of 2,475 participants completed the PEFSC for evaluating the factor structure. For convergent, discriminant, and incremental validities, a subsample (N = 362) completed the creative self‐efficacy scale, support for innovation subscale of the team climate inventory, and innovative behavior measure. Results indicated the two‐factor correlated model showed a better goodness of fit than the one‐factor model. Measurement invariance of PEFSC was observed across different genders and educational groups. Internal consistency reliabilities were satisfactory (α ≥ .87). The personal dimension indicated stronger associations with creative self‐efficacy than with support for innovation, whereas the environmental dimension was related more closely to support for innovation than to creative self‐efficacy. Incremental validity was confirmed by significant and additional explanations from PEFSC in predicting innovative behavior. These results consolidated the application of person–environment fit theoretical framework in creativity research.
Digestibility of glycated milk proteins and the peptidomics of their in vitro digests
Authors: Zhao Di , Li Lin , Le Thao T , Larsen Lotte B , Xu Dan , Jiao Wenjuan , Sheng Bulei , Li Bing , Zhang Xia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMilk proteins are widely used in food production and are often glycated by reducing sugar. Although many studies have reported the digestibility of glycated milk protein, most have focused on measuring degree of hydrolysis (DH), showing sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) image of digests. Detailed information on the changes in peptide composition of digests has seldom been revealed. Therefore, in addition to measuring the DH and showing the SGS‐PAGE images of digests, we also analyzed the peptidomics in digests using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) and Mascot database in this work to further reveal the influence of glycation on protein nutrition.RESULTSCompared with β‐lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin (BSA), DH of β‐casein was suppressed to a lesser extent by glycation in both gastric and intestinal stages. Aggregates of glycated BSA were less sensitive to the action of digestive enzymes throughout gastrointestinal digestion according to SDS‐PAGE images. Changes in the peptide composition of digests induced by glycation were distinctly displayed, showing both absence of peptides and occurrence of new peptides, based on the results obtained from LC‐ESI‐MS/MS.CONCLUSIONSGlycation can greatly change the peptide composition in digests of milk protein. The nutritional impact of the change in the peptide composition requires further investigation, and the impact of MRPs in unabsorbed digests on the gut flora should be an interesting field for further studies. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Marine microbial community responses related to wetland carbon mobilization in the coastal zone
Authors: Ward Nicholas D. , Morrison Elise S. , Liu Yina , Rivas‐Ubach Albert , Osborne Todd Z. , Ogram Andrew V. , Bianchi Thomas S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHere, we examine how marine microbial communities respond when dissolved organic matter (DOM) is mobilized from coastal wetlands. Biological transformations of this DOM may increase in the presence of reactive substrates, such as algal‐derived DOM (ADOM) in the coastal zone—a process known as priming. We performed laboratory experiments examining transformations of DOM derived from coastal wetland peat (PDOM) with and without the presence ADOM. Associated shifts in microbial community composition and functional gene abundance were measured to evaluate mechanisms of priming effects. ADOM presence stimulated CO2 production when compared to the seawater control, which was further enhanced in the copresence of PDOM. DOM characterization showed a substantial difference in features present at the end of the incubation when PDOM was present with and without ADOM, while metagenomic sequencing indicated shifts in microbial community composition and identified 23 unique functional genes associated with pathways for the breakdown of aromatic compounds.