bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percolation transitions in simplicial complexes with interdependent relationships
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Qin Bingfa , Xu Xin-Jian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study higher-order percolation phenomena in two interdependent simplicial complexes. Based on the generating function approach, we develop a theoretical framework that provides insights into the percolation dynamics via pairwise or higher-order 2-simplex interactions among individuals. Our findings reveal that higher-order percolation in such structures displays a richer phase transition behavior than that observed in a single simplicial complex or interdependent dyadic networks. We observe both continuous and discontinuous transitions, which occur with either the removal of a small or large fraction of nodes. The initial phase of the transition, triggered by the removal of a small fraction of nodes, is primarily influenced by the density of triangles in each complex. In contrast, the terminal phase of the transition, during which the giant component disappears, is predominantly determined by the strength of interdependence between two complexes.
A timed epigenetic switch balances T and ILC lineage proportions in the thymus
Authors: Pease Nicholas A. , Denecke Kathryn M. , Chen Lihua , Gerges Peter Habib , Kueh Hao Yuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
How multipotent progenitors give rise to multiple cell types in defined numbers is a central question in developmental biology. Epigenetic switches, acting at single gene loci, can generate extended delays in the activation of lineage-specifying genes and impact lineage decisions and cell type output. Here, we analyzed a timed epigenetic switch controlling expression of mouse Bcl11b, a transcription factor that drives T-cell commitment, but only after a multi-day delay. To investigate roles for this delay in controlling lineage decision making, we analyzed progenitors with a deletion in a distal Bcl11b enhancer, which extends this delay by ∼3 days. Strikingly, delaying Bcl11b activation reduces T-cell output but enhances innate lymphoid cell (ILC) generation in the thymus by redirecting uncommitted progenitors to the ILC lineages. Mechanistically, delaying Bcl11b activation promoted ILC redirection by enabling upregulation of the ILC-specifying transcription factor PLZF. Despite the upregulation of PLZF, committed ILC progenitors could subsequently express Bcl11b, which is also needed for type 2 ILC differentiation. These results show that epigenetic switches can control the activation timing and order of lineage-specifying genes to modulate cell type numbers and proportions.
Introduction
Authors: Shepherd Craig Erschel 
Published: December 2024

As the third year of JTILT ends, I find myself reflecting on what the journal provides, how it was established, and where it is heading. Past issues and articles capture various teaching styles, strategies, delivery approaches, and purposes. Each article presents candid details regarding their use of technology and how that influenced learning. I am constantly reminded that teaching is a science and an art. I relish detailed procedures and steps that authors articulate in their work. I also marvel at the art of teaching and the broad possibilities that exist in developing instruction. JTILT has helped me broaden my perspectives and consider new facets of the field.
YOLO-TS: Detection Loosening Rate of Tobacco Bundles Based on YOLOv8
Authors: Zhang Chunjie , Yun Lijun , Wang Yansong , Luo Ruilin , Chen Zaiqing , Cheng Feiyan 
Published: December 2024

HighlightsEstablishing a tobacco stem dataset. This study collected tobacco images; each image contains several tobacco leaves. Owing to the difficulty in laying each tobacco leaf flat on the conveyor belt, yellow leaves frequently experience partial or complete coverage; it is almost impossible to label each tobacco leaf completely. Therefore, in this study, labeled tobacco stems were selected to compose the dataset during the annotation process of samples.A method for detecting tobacco stems was proposed, named YOLO-TS, based on YOLOv8n. Designed an adaptive feature extraction backbone network combined with an attention mechanism to extract tobacco stem features and optimized the loss function of the model to better and faster identify tobacco stems.A method for calculating the tobacco bundles’ loosening rate has been proposed. Detecting tobacco stems utilizing the YOLO-TS model, the quantity of tobacco stems within the image was determined, and based on this, this research calculated the loosening rate of tobacco bundles.Abstract. The tobacco purchased from the farmers is bundled, when loosening these tobacco bundles, a range of issues including the blending of various grades of tobacco, the inclusion of mold-infested tobacco, and the admixture of non-tobacco substances frequently emerge as a result of uneven looseness, significantly impacting the quality of subsequent tobacco sorting. In response to this challenge, this study introduces YOLO-TS, an enhanced iteration of the YOLOv8n model, which tailored for the precise detection of the loosening rate of tobacco bundles. Firstly, collected a set of tobacco images, preprocessed them and labeled tobacco stems to construct a tobacco stem dataset. Then, the YOLO-TS model was constructed. An adaptive feature extraction backbone network, integrated with an attention mechanism, has been devised. This network architecture facilitates the extraction of intricate features of tobacco stems. Concurrently, we have undertaken optimization efforts to enhance the loss function, with the objective of expediting and fine-tuning both the training and inference processes of the model. Conclusively, meticulously devised a series of experiments and subsequently conducted them using the tobacco stem dataset. The mAP (mean Average Precision) achieved by the YOLO-TS network on the test set amounts to 82.8%, which is 4% higher than the baseline YOLOv8n model. In addition, the loosening rate of tobacco bundles can be calculated based on the number of detected tobacco stems. YOLO-TS satisfactorily fills the requirements for tobacco stem detection, thereby furnishing robust technical assistance to personnel engaged in tobacco leaf sorting endeavors. Keywords: Deformable convolution, Loosening rate, Multi-head self-attention, Tobacco stem, YOLOv8n, YOLO-TS.
Effect of Photometric Sensor Orientation on the Measurement of Light Illuminance (Intensity) in Commercial Broiler Houses during Tunnel Ventilation
Authors: Davis Jeremiah D. , Linhoss John E. , Campbell Jesse C. , Westerlund William E. , Purswell Joseph L. , Edge Carson M. 
Published: December 2024

HighlightsQuantifying illuminance with ceiling-facing sensors underestimates the light intensities birds experience.Light ingress from operating tunnel fans increased light intensities above target across 54% of the house length.Important sensor orientations to capture maximum light intensities may vary depending on a number of parameters.Abstract. The measurement of illuminance (light intensity) in commercial broiler houses has typically been performed with photometric meters placed on the floor with the sensor facing the ceiling. This orientation is useful in adjusting light intensity from bulbs but does not have the field of view to account for light intrusion through the tunnel fans that may affect bird activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sensor orientation on the measurement of light intensities in commercial broiler houses during tunnel ventilation. Light intensity was measured on a commercial broiler farm with three 18.3 x 182.9 m modern broiler houses in southeast Alabama. Stands were constructed to measure light intensity at bird height in five directions [ceiling, evaporative pad end wall, north side wall, south side wall, fan end wall] at each of 76 measurement locations. Target light intensity was set at 0.2 lx. Directional light intensity measurements were simultaneously taken down the length of each house near solar noon (±1.75 h) with all tunnel fans operating. Descriptive statistics were calculated using PROC FREQ, and graphs were generated with SGPLOT in SAS. The current method of using ceiling-facing photometric sensors to quantify light illuminance trends in broiler houses underestimates the light intensities that birds experience. At the center of the house width near the fans, ceiling-facing sensors captured approximately 15.7% of the maximum light ingress (measured by north-side wall sensors facing the tunnel fans). This study has shown that mapping light intensity in five directions for each location provides an improved understanding of the maximum light intensity the birds may be experiencing compared to the current ceiling-facing sensor or other single orientation method. For the described solid-sidewall broiler houses tested during tunnel ventilation, only 46% of the house length was controlled by the lighting system near company-specified target intensities. Light ingress from operating tunnel fans and the evaporative cooling system increased light intensities above target across 54% of the house length. Important photometric sensor orientations to capture maximum light intensities may vary depending on the measurement location, house design and orientation, tunnel fan size and location, number of fans operating, time of day and season, and specified company target intensities. Keywords: Broilers, Illuminance, Light intensity, Light meters, Light uniformity.
Context-Dependent Macroinvertebrate Responses to Prolonged Biological and Chemical Treatment in Urbanized Lentic Ecosystems
Authors: Chaffee Matthew , Mittelstet Aaron R. , Comfort Steven , Messer Tiffany , Uden Daniel R. , McCoy Jenna 
Published: December 2024

HighlightsTreatment improved water quality at Densmore Pond but not Wilderness Ridge Pond.Macroinvertebrate populations showed context-dependent patterns from FTW treatment.FTWs acted as refugia for ponds with eutrophic conditions.Macroinvertebrate predator species diversification increased at Densmore Pond.Abstract. In urban landscapes, stormwater retention ponds provide an abundance of services such as nutrient cycling, erosion control, pollutant removal, habitat, and aesthetics. Aquatic macroinvertebrates play functional roles in habitat creation and predator-prey interactions and are tolerant of varying levels of pollution, making them suitable bioindicators for monitoring ecological treatments. Pollution is known to reduce habitat, niches, and overall biological diversity. However, the response of macroinvertebrates to water quality improvements has not been well documented. This study quantified changes in aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in two urban retention ponds receiving water quality treatments via floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) and slow-release lanthanum composites inside airlift pumps. We hypothesized FTWs would benefit aquatic macroinvertebrates directly, by providing unique habitat structure via suspended roots, and indirectly, by removing pollution from the water column to support aquatic vegetation growth. At Densmore Pond, three years of biological-chemical treatment effectively reduced nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations. This resulted in the expansion of aquatic vegetation communities and the diversification of macroinvertebrate predator species. At the Wilderness Ridge Pond, nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations remained unchanged, with minimal aquatic vegetation taking hold and macroinvertebrate communities dominated by the same families. Nevertheless, the Wilderness Ridge Pond FTWs acted as refugia by providing otherwise scant habitat for biota not observed within the broader ecosystem. Collectively, these findings provide divergent results but document the positive effects FTWs make on macroinvertebrate communities when water quality improves (i.e., Densmore Pond) or the refugia FTWs provide when water quality does not drastically improve (i.e., Wilderness Ridge Pond). Keywords: Aquatic macroinvertebrates, Bioassessment, Context-dependency, Ecology, Floating treatment wetland, Lanthanum, Novel ecosystems, Phytoremediation.
On the Relationship between Proportion Principle of Labor Distribution, Market Mechanism and State Economic Adjustment
Authors: Cheng Enfu , Gao Jiankun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For the scientific understanding and correct adjustment of domestic and foreign economic operations, both academic research and policy-making require the analysis of the relationship between the proportion principle of labor distribution, market mechanism and state economic adjustment. The distribution of the total quantity of labor in proportional fashion is a general principle that can be applied to all social forms. Market mechanism is an important method for implementing the proportion principle of labor distribution, and has played a decisive role in this area ever since the simple commodity economy was transformed into the capitalist commodity economy. State economic adjustment is another way in which the proportion principle of labor distribution can be implemented in a state-regulated economy. In China’s socialist market economy, market mechanism and state economic adjustment work together as an organically integrated whole, implementing the proportion principle of labor distribution through complementary functions and synergic effects.
Retrospective analysis of spatiotemporal variation of scrub typhus in Yunnan Province, 2006–2022
Authors: Li Zhuo , Deng Shuzhen , Ma Tian , Hao Jiaxin , Wang Hao , Han Xin , Lu Menghan , Huang Shanjun , Huang Dongsheng , Yang Shuyuan , Zhen Qing , Shui Tiejun 
Published: December 2024

Background
Scrub typhus is a life-threatening zoonotic infection. In recent years, the endemic areas of scrub typhus have been continuously expanding, and the incidence rate has been increasing. However, it remains a globally neglected disease. Yunnan Province is a major infected area, and the study of spatiotemporal and seasonal variation scrub typhus in this region is crucial for the prevention and control of the disease.

Methods/Results
We collected surveillance data on scrub typhus cases in Yunnan Province from 2006 to 2022. Using methods such as spatial trend analysis, Moran’s I, and retrospective temporal scan statistics, the spatial and seasonal changes of scrub typhus were analyzed. The study period recorded 71,068 reported cases of scrub typhus in Yunnan Province, with the annual incidence rate sharply increasing (P<0.001). Approximately 93.38% of cases are concentrated in June to November (P = 0.001). Nearly 98.0% of counties were affected. The center of gravity of incidence migrates in a south and west direction. The incidence of scrub typhus was positively correlated spatially, and the spatial clustering distribution was significant. The most likely spatial cluster of cases (relative risk = 14.09, P<0.001) was distributed in Lincang, Dehong, Baoshan, Banna, and Puer. Significant positive correlations between the number of scrub typhus cases and average temperature, precipitation and relative humidity.

Conclusions
In Yunnan Province, scrub typhus is widely transmitted, with an increasing incidence, and it exhibits distinct seasonal characteristics (from June to November). The center of gravity of incidence has shifted to the south and west, with higher incidence rates observed in border regions. The risk clustering regions encompass all border prefectures. This pattern is significantly correlated with climatic factors such as average temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity. The relevant departments should strengthen the monitoring of scrub typhus, formulate prevention and control strategies, and provide health education to local residents.
Occupational health in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): A systematic review and call for comprehensive policy development
Authors: Masood Muhammad A. , Khaled Raghad , Bin-Ismail Ahmad , Semerjian Lucy , Abass Khaled 
Published: December 2024

Background
This systematic review evaluates occupational health within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, focusing on ergonomic, physical, chemical, and biological hazards. It identifies significant impacts of these hazards across various professions and underscores the highlights for region-specific strategies and further research.

Methods
A comprehensive search in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases until October 2023 targeted occupational health studies in the GCC, adhering to PRISMA guidelines and NIH Quality Assessment Tools. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023465909).

Results
From 2202 articles screened, 202 were included, with publications distributed as follows: Saudi Arabia (121), United Arab Emirates (26), Kuwait (20), Oman (15), Qatar (13), and Bahrain (7). Findings indicate that ergonomic hazards, characterized by musculoskeletal disorders, are influenced by job roles and work environments. Physical hazards, particularly needlestick injuries, eye safety concerns, and risks from extreme temperatures and radiation, were notable across the region. Chemical hazards, including exposure to pesticides, cement, and petrochemicals, were identified as significant health risks, necessitating better safety measures. Biological hazards, evidenced in studies from Oman, UAE, and Saudi Arabia, highlighted the risks from infectious agents and parasites, stressing the need for effective prevention and hygiene practices.

Conclusion
The review advocates for the urgent development of comprehensive health policies to mitigate occupational hazards in the GCC. It highlights the need for collaborative efforts to address ergonomic challenges, enhance protective measures, and respond to chemical and biological risks effectively. Region-specific strategies, ongoing research, and technological advancements are crucial for ensuring workforce safety in these evolving environments.
Clinical efficacy analysis of the Chinese medicine Paiteling applied to human papillomavirus infection: A retrospective study
Authors: He Na , Song Lin , Lu Zhaoxia , Zeng Qingsong , Jin Wumei , He Wenrong , Yi Cunjian 
Published: December 2024

Aim
To investigate the clinical efficacy of population-based treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections with Paiteling.

Methods
Between 1 June 2024 and 31 August 2024, 575 HPV-infected patients attending The First People’s Hospital of Jingzhou gynecology outpatient clinic from October 2020 to December 2023 were retrospectively collected, all of whom were analyzed for HPV subtype infection and the presence or absence of cytomorphological abnormality using HPV-DNA testing and TCT; they were divided into 319 cases in the Paiteling group and 256 cases in the Interferon group, and the patients of both groups were subjected to TCT 1 month after the end of the administration of the medication and HPV review.

Results
1. The three most frequent subtypes of HPV in this data are HPV 16, HPV 52, and HPV 58, all of which are high-risk types; 2. The results of the post-treatment review of HPV infection showed that the overall effective rate of the Paiteling group was better than that of the Interferon group, and the difference in the cumulative effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001); 3. Comparative analysis of patients with 14 high-risk types of human papillomavirus in a single infection showed that the overall conversion rate in the Paiteling group was 76.3%, higher than that of the Interferon group, which was 36.7%. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The overall efficacy of Paiteling for cervical HPV infection is significantly better than that of Interferon, and it is worth promoting its use in the clinic.
Constructing a web-accessible lexical database for core Tongan vocabulary
Authors: Tamaoka Katsuo , Yu Shaoyun , Zhang Jingyi , Miwa Koji , Koizumi Masatoshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
According to UNESCO. 2020. World atlas of languages, 3rd edn. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Available at: https://en.wal.unesco.org, the Tongan language is classified as ‘potentially vulnerable.’ This study aimed to identify a core Tongan vocabulary and develop a web-searchable database to support the preservation and accessibility of the language. Due to the lack of a large-scale corpus for calculating lexical frequencies, we utilized vocabulary from the Students’ English-Tongan and Tongan-English Dictionary (Thompson, Richard H. & ‘Ofa Thompson. 1992. The students’ English-Tongan and Tongan-English dictionary. Tonga: Faletohi ‘Otumotu Angl’ofa’), a resource commonly used in Tongan schools. This dictionary compiles words used in both Tongan and English in everyday life. By examining processing speed and accuracy rates in lexical decision tasks, we identified a core Tongan vocabulary. Lexical decision tasks conducted on 4,013 words from the dictionary demonstrated a mean accuracy of 95.40 % and a rapid mean reaction time of 575 ms. A comparative analysis with an equal number of high-frequency words in English (Balota, David A., Melvin J. Yap, Michael J. Cortese, Keith A. Hutchison, Brett Kessler, Bjorn Loftis, James H. Neely, Douglas L. Nelson, Greg B. Simpson & Rebecca Treiman. 2007. The English lexicon project. Behavior Research Methods 39. 445–459) and French (Ferrand, Ludovic, Boris New, Marc Brysbaert, Emmanuel Keuleers, Patrick Bonin, Alain Méot, Maria Augustinova & Christophe Pallier. 2010. The French Lexicon Project: Lexical decision data for 38,840 French words and 38,840 pseudowords. Behavior Research Methods 42. 488–496) revealed that Tongan words were processed more quickly, though with an average accuracy approximately 2 % lower than the English and French words. Despite this slight difference in accuracy, the overall comprehension level for Tongan words remained high, with accuracy exceeding 95 %. Given the faster processing speeds observed, we propose that these words represent a core vocabulary in Tongan. To facilitate access to this vocabulary, we developed a web-based search engine (https://tonganlex.vercel.app/), which provides detailed information on letter (grapheme) count, phonemes, moras, parts of speech, meanings, as well as lexical decision times and accuracies. This study contributes to the accessibility of the Tongan language by making essential lexical information readily available online.