bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of the Algorithm of the Vector Width-Pulse Modulation in a Nine-Phase Active Voltage Rectifier
Authors: Panteleev S. V. , Malashin A. N. , Karkotskiy D. V. , Suchodolov Yu. V. 
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the problems of synthesis of multiphase electromechanic modules consisting of a multiphase electrical machine (m > 3) and a multiphase controlled converter. In the multi-phase design of the electric machine, it is possible to obtain a trapezoidal electromotive force and to increase the specific power conversion provided that the EMF and the current at the output of the m-phase generator are matched. The development of the vector pulse width modulation algorithm for the m-phase active voltage rectifier is considered, which will make it possible to match the shape and phase of the currents and voltages at the output of the m-phase generator in order to obtain the maximum active power of the module under study. The analysis of possible combinations of states of the keys of a nine-phase active rectifier is carried out. Each key state is assigned a base vector in a fixed coordinate system. It is noted that there are a number of combinations in which two or more different key states correspond to one base vector. The system of basic vectors is differentiated into its constituent levels, sectors and subsectors. In order to obtain any given voltage vector that does not coincide with the base vectors, the method of spacevector modulation is used. This method provides using 100 % DC link voltage as compared with sinusoidal pulse width modulation (86.6 %). The goal of space-vector modulation for a nine-phase active voltage rectifier is to implement the resultant spatial vector of the output voltage with a given average value within the modulation period. For this, the three vectors nearest to the given base vector must be found. To implement a given voltage vector, a sequence of sampling the base vectors in the modulation period is given, providing one commutation (commutation of two complementary keys) while passing from one basic vector to another to reduce switching losses. Analytic relationships of the weight coefficients for the generators of vectors are obtained, as well as the equations of the boundaries of the subsectors that form a diagram of combinations of states of the circuit. The sequence of the calculations presented in the paper is a technique for realizing the vector pulse-width modulation in nine-phase controlled electrical energy converters.
STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION IN BELARUS
Authors: Savenok A. N. 
Published: July 2018

A brief analysis of the status and prospects of development of metallurgical complex of the Belarus Republic is given in the article. Statistics of the structure of manufacturing sector by types of economic activities, including metallurgical production, in the Republic of Belarus as a whole and by regions is provided. It was noted that the largest share in the regional scale – 15.6% of metallurgy exists in Gomel region, due to the location of the main flagship of the Belarusian industry – the Belarusian steel works in Zhlobin city of Gomel region. Thanks to the systematic reconstruction and upgrading of existing equipment, introduction of advanced development in the field of metallurgical equipment and technologies OJSC «BSW – management company of holding «BMC» is dynamically developing in the coming years and it is planned to overcome the 3-million milestone in steel production and a threefold boost in productivity. The large-scale project of building a new bar mill with the capacity of 700 thousand tons of rolled products per year was completed in 2015. This production eliminated the strategic imbalance between the capacity of the steelmaking complex and related industries.The most important projects of the holding companies and the perspectives of further development of the holding «BMC» were described. The year of the science -2017began to JSC «BSW» with very significant event: OJSC «BSW – management company of holding «BMC» for the first time was awarded a Certificate of accreditation as a scientific organization.
NEW-GENERATION STAINLESS STEEL SYSTEMS FOR METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Zolotukhin A. I. , Golovko A. G. , Gordeev E. I. , Provotorov D. А. 
Published: July 2018

The article deals with the development of devices for mechanization and automation of metal flow control – steel-pouring ladles sliding gates of the new generation of Vulkan-TM production, the history of their production.The various technical solutions underlying the creation of the sliding gates of the «VT» series, innovative solutions used in design of the sliding gates layouts and their competitive advantages are shown.The design and operation principle of the new development – the device for gas-dynamic protection of the metal stream from secondary oxidation is described.
EXTRA-FURNACE STEEL PROCESSING BY RECYCLED SECONDARY ALUMINUM WASTE
Authors: Tribushevskiy I. V. , Nemenenok B. M. , Rumiantseva G. V. , Kulik M. A. 
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the results of research on the use of recycled aluminum waste (RAW) during extra-furnace steel processing in ladle refining furnace. It has been established that simultaneously with the deoxidation of refining slags before desulfurization of steel, their liquid mobility increases, which eliminates the need for using fluorspar for these purposes.A thermodynamic analysis of possible reactions of formation of aluminates and calcium aluminosilicates in the refining slag has been carried out. It has been suggested that the cause of thinning of refining slags from the addition of RAW is the formation of a number of low-melting eutectics containing aluminates and calcium aluminosilicates. The composition of briquettes based on RAW for liquefaction of refining slags is proposed. Dependence of the friability and breaking load of briquettes on the content of CaO, the temperature and drying time is established. The data on the composition and properties of the refining slag after treatment with a diluent based on RAW are given.
OPTIMIZATION OF COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION SCHEME OF CARBONITRIDING COATING FOR INCREASING THE SURFACE PROPERTIES OF TOOL STEELS
Authors: Fedulov V. N. 
Published: July 2018

The positive effect of using a new coating composition is primarily achieved due to the increase of the applied coating layer thickness to 20 mm on the hardened working surfaces of the tooling and due to introduction of gypsum in its composition. These actions improve the machinability of the coating application and the core formation on the surface of the heated coating of the crust, prevent emission of the gas phase from the reaction zone during heating in the furnace at 520 °C for 4 to 8 hours, as well as the use of strontium fluoride and an increase in the ferrocyanic potassium content. The diffusion capacity of the saturation process increases due to these actions. The use of a new composition, the change in the thickness of the layer, and also the fixation of the temperature regime of heating will ensure an increase in the operation life of the hardened tool parts by 1.5–2 times.
MODERN EQUIPMENT FOR REFINING AND CASTING OF STEEL AND ALLOYS IN FOUNDRY PRODUCTION
Authors: Zolotukhin V. I. , Golovko A. G. , Gordeev E. I. , Provotorov D. A. 
Published: July 2018

The article deals with the issues of complex technology and equipment for refining and casting steel and alloys in the foundry industry. Solutions are given that make it possible to guarantee a reduction in nonmetallic inclusions in the melt, as well as to solve a number of other related problems of foundry production, such as the introduction of a bottom blowing melt system with an inert gas; the introduction of protection of the metal stream from secondary oxidation; lining the arch of an electric arc furnace, etc. Various types of products and equipment produced by NPP Vulkan-TM are shown: blowing bottom plugs and assemblies, metering nozzles, gas-dynamic protection of the metal stream from secondary oxidation, two-arm wire-feeding machine mod. TAP 2–1 with unwinding device.Advantages of the equipment for steel casting and extra-furnace steel processing are described.
INFLUENCE OF THE CAST IRON’S CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON THE CONTENT OF CR IN THE BASE AFTER NORMALIZATION FROM 1050 C
Authors: Netrebko V. V. , Volchok I. P. 
Published: July 2018

The dependences of the influence of the chemical composition of cast iron in the Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni system on the chromium cotent in the metal base (Cr1050о) and carbides (Cr1050Cr) after normalization from 1050 °C with aging for 4.5 hours were established. During the heat treatment of the castings, a redistribution of the elements between the phases of the cast iron occurred. The maximum chromium concentration in the base after normalization was 19.7% at 1.09% C, 3.1% Mn, 25.5% Cr and 0.19% Ni, and the minimum 2.4% at 3.91% C, 0.6% Mn, 11.43% Cr and 0.19% Ni. The maximum amount of chromium in carbides 78.4% was observed in cast iron containing 1.09% C, 5.4% Mn, 3.01% Ni and 25.57% Cr, and the minimum 43.5% at 3.59% C, 5.4% Mn, 3.01% N and11.43% Cr. The obtained dependencies allow predicting the chromium content in the metallic base and can be used during the elaboration of new compositions for wear-resistant cast iron, as well as at choice of heat treatment regimes.
THE PROBLEM OF MODIFYING AN ALUMINUM-SILICON EUTECTIC ALLOY OF SILUMINS. WAY OF SOLUTIONS
Authors: Marukovich, E. I. , Stetsenko V. Yu. 
Published: July 2018

It is shown that modern industrial modifiers of silumin eutectic contribute to the saturation of the melt with hydrogen. Its micro bubbles block the branching of eutectic crystals and promote the formation of gas porosity in castings.To improve the efficiency of the process of modifying the eutectic and reduce the gas porosity, a method of hereditary modification is proposed. A special technology has been developed to solve the problem of modification of silumin eutectic.
DETERMINATION OF THE POLISHING QUALITY IN THE WORKING CHANNEL OF THE DRAWING OF CARBIDE TOOLS PRODUCED BY OJSC «BSW – MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF HOLDING «BMC»
Authors: Kurenkova T. P. , Borisovets I. V. , Lazebnikova I. P. 
Published: July 2018

The quality of the drawing tool depends on the quality of the channel. Channel processing is carried out in order to obtain the desired geometric shape, required size and limit deviations in accordance with the size and quality of the wire stretched, as well as to obtain the required purity of the surface of the channel drawing. The determination of the surface roughness in the die channel is not possible due to the design of the die, so the quality control of the channel polishing is carried out by a visual method using a stereoscopic microscope.In the laboratories at the Central laboratory of OJSC «BSW – Management Company of Holding «BMC» the experience was undertaken for the determination of the roughness parameter in the channel of the dies by the method of destructive testing. The results obtained show that the visual method of quality control of the working channel polishing of the carbide drawing tool with the help of a stereoscopic microscope provides sufficient accuracy of assessing the quality of the roughness of the surface of the working channel when monitoring the draw die intended for coarse-medium and thin drawing.
AIR GAP CONTROL SYSTEM FOR HYDROGENERATORS
Authors: Zaitsev I. O. , Levytskyi A. S. , Sydorchuk V. E. 
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we report of the solving the actual problem of control the air gap in the hydrogenerators. The aim of the study was development of a computerized information-measuring system for measuring the air gap in the hydrogenator, which used two capacitive sensors with parallel coplanar electrodes, and the method of determining the shape of the envelope parameters hydrogenerator rotor poles relative to the center axis of rotation, using the measurement results of the air gap.In practical studies of the sensor circuit it has been shown that its use allows for the informative value of the sensor capacitance conversion function to obtain a high accuracy and resolution measurement with digital linearization of converting function of the sensor with use program utility. To determine the form deviations of the envelope line of the rotor pole from the ideal cylinder, which is one of the main structural defects of the technological errors as results the distortion of the shape of the air gap in the hydrogenator, when the machine was manufacture and assembly. It is proposed to describe the shape of the envelope to use a Fourier transform. Calculation of the coefficients of the Fourier series is performed using the method of least squares as the regression coefficients.Application of this method in processing the measuring data in a computerized information-measuring system the developed with the primary converter with coplanar parallel electrodes allowed attaining the high measurement accuracy and resolution informative in magnitude of the capacity.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPT OF HARDWARE-SOFTWARE COMPLEX OF MODULAR DESIGN FOR DETERMINATION OF ANTENNA SYSTEMS׳ CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON MEASUREMENTS IN THE NEAR FIELD
Authors: Buday A. G. , Grinchuk A. P. , Gromyko A. V. 
Published: July 2018

Measuring the amplitude-phase distribution of the radiation field of complex antenna systems on a certain surface close to the radiating aperture allows solving the problem of reconstructing the free-space diagram in the far field and also helps in determining the influence of various structural elements and defects of radiating surfaces on formation of directional diagram. The purpose of this work was to develop a universal hardware-software complex of a modular design aimed for determining the characteristics of wide range of antenna systems in respect of measurements of the amplitude-phase distribution of the radiation field in the near zone.The equations that connect the structure of radiation fields of the antenna system at various distances from it in planar, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems as well as structural diagrams of the hardware part of measuring complexes have been analyzed.As a result, the concept of constructing a universal hardware-software complex for measuring the radiation field of various types of antenna systems with any type of measurement surface for solving a wide range of applied problems has been developed. A modular structure of hardware and software has been proposed; it allows reconfiguring the complex rapidly in order to measure the characteristics of any particular antenna system at all stages of product development and testing, and also makes the complex economically accessible even for small enterprises and organizations.
FERROMAGNETIC NANOTUBES IN PORES OF TRACK MEMBRANES FOR THE FLEXIBLE ELECTRONIC ELEMENTS
Authors: Kaniukov E. Yu. , Shumskaya E. E. , Kutuzau M. D. , Borgekov D. B. , Kenzhina I. E. , Kozlovskiy A. L. , Zdorovets M. V. 
Published: July 2018

In the paper the template synthesis of ferromagnetic (Fe, Co, Ni) nanotubes in the pores of track membranes were studied. The aim of this work was determination of nanotubes basic structural and magnetic parameters and demonstration of the possibility of application in the flexible electronics elements.By electrochemical deposition, ferromagnetic nanotubes with a diameter of 110 nm and an aspect ratio of 100 were formed in the pores of polyethylene terephthalate track membranes. The morphology of the obtained nanostructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy, the elemental composition was determined by the energy-dispersion analysis. Using the X-ray structural analysis, the main parameters of the crystal structure were established: lattice type, lattice parameter and average crystallite size. The magnetic properties were studied by the method of vibrational magnetometry.It was shown that in the selected conditions of synthesis without reference to the type of ferromagnetic metals nanotubes had the same dimensions – length, diameter and wall thickness. The produced nanotubes consisted of iron, cobalt and nickel, respectively without oxides impurities. Nanotubes had a polycrystalline structure of walls with a body-centered cubic (iron), face-centered cubic (cobalt and nickel) crystal lattice. According to the main magnetic parameters, nanotubes belonged to a group of soft magnetic materials. Also, the presence of magnetic anisotropy, which is caused by the features of crystalline structure and shape of the nanostructures.Based on the analysis of structural and magnetic characteristics of ferromagnetic nanotubes which were synthesized in the pores of track membranes, were proposed the main principles of their using in the elements’ of flexible electronics constructing (magnetic field direction sensors and magnetic memory elements).
EVALUATION OF STRAIN-STRESS STATE OF THE RAILS IN THE PRODUCTION
Authors: Muravev V. V. , Tapkov K. A. 
Published: July 2018

High values of residual stresses is one of the most common reason of breaking lots of metal constructions, including rails. These stresses can reach values of flow limit, especially in the area of faults. Estimation of residual stresses values allows to get information about technical condition of the rail and also allow to avoid abnormal situations So, the aim of the research is creating the model of stress-strain state of the rail, which was hardened in its top and bottom, and to compare modeling results with experimental measurements of stresses and discrepancy of the housing.For creating the model and making evaluations by finite element method we used a program COMSOL. Forces on the top and bottom of the rail cause tension stresses, forces on the web of the rail cause tensile stresses. We compared calculated values of stresses with discrepancy of the housing. The discrepancy of the housing is informative characteristic for estimating the residual stresses according to standards. For experimental measurements we used an acoustic structuroscope SEMA. This structuroscope uses the acoustoelastic phenomenon for measurements. We made measurements of the five rails.According to the calculation results of the model, critical discrepancy of the housing in 2 mm corresponded to the following values of maximum stresses: –54 MPa in the top of the rail, 86 MPa in the web and –62 MPa in the bottom of the rail. Experimental measurements are the following: from –48 MPa to – 64 MPa in the top of the rail, 54 MPa to 93 MPa in the web of the rail, and –59 MPA to –74 MPa in the bottom of the rail. Absolute error was ±5 MPa.Thus we created the model, which allowed to analyze strain-stress state and compare real values of stresses with discrepancy of the housing. Results of the modeling showed coincidence with structure of distribution of residual stresses in five probes of rails.
RESEARCH OF DIGITAL CAMERA DYNAMIC RANGE ON THE IMAGING PROCESSING BASIS
Authors: Sutkowski M , Saukova Ya. N. 
Published: July 2018

Digital images provide to determine photometric and colorimetric properties of objects subject to validation all elements of a measuring channel (digital camera, software, display) and solve the problem of their limited dynamic ranges. The aim of the study was to explore the dynamic range of a digital camera for use in photometric and colorimetric measurements.The Laboratory of Photonics at the Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics (Warsaw Technical University, Poland) conducted a comparative experiment to determine the threshold of sensitivity, linearity and range of application the digital camera. Color target sets with certified brightness and chromaticity were created at the terminals and recorded with a digital camera with different exposure times. The authors propose a method to extend the dynamic range of a digital camera for red, green and blue color channel of intensities by pairing the calibration dependencies, and determine the true brightness and color of a point on the object by calculation.Calibration dependencies (triads) of digital camera for red, green and blue color channels intensities were constructed. These dependences allow determining lower and upper bounds of the dynamic range. Each triad has a form of the hysteresis loop. The experiment showed that the accuracy of this method is ± 3–5 %.
DEPENDENCE OF THE SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING SIGNAL ON THE SHAPE OF SILVER NANOSTRUCTURES GROWN IN THE SiO2 /n-Si POROUS TEMPLATE
Authors: Yakimchuk D. V. , Kaniukov E. Yu. , Demyanov S. E. , Bundyukova V. D. , Dzeinak A. V. , Makoed I. I. , Arzumanyan G. M. , Doroshkevich N. V. , Mamatkulov K. Z. , Sivakov V. 
Published: July 2018

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering is a powerful method used in chemoand biosensorics. The aim of this work was to determine the relationship between the signal of Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and the shape of silver nanostructures under the influence of laser radiation with different power.Plasmonic nanostructures were synthesized in silicon dioxide pores on monocrystalline silicon n-type substrate. The pores were formed using ion-track technology and selective chemical etching. Silver deposition was carried out by galvanic displacement method. Synthesis time was chosen as a parameter that allows controlling the shape of a silver deposit in the pores of silicon dioxide on the surface of single-crystal n-silicon during electrodeless deposition. Deposition time directly effects on the shape of metal nanostructures.Analysis of the dynamics of changing the morphology of the metal deposit showed that as the deposition time increases, the metal evolves from individual metallic crystallites within the pores at a short deposition time to dendritic-like nanostructures at a long time. The dependence of the intensity of Surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra on the shape of the silver deposit is studied at the powers of a green laser (λ = 532 nm) from 2.5 μW to 150 μW on the model dye analyte Rodamin 6G. The optimum shape of the silver deposit and laser power is analyzed from this point of view design of active surfaces for Surface-enhanced Raman scattering with nondestructive control of small concentrations of substances.The silver nanostructures obtained in porous template SiO2 on n-type silicon substrate could be used as plasmon-active surfaces for nondestructive investigations of substances with low concentrations at low laser powers.