bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning from Coworkers: Peer Effects on Individual Investment Decisions
Authors: OUIMET PAIGE , TATE GEOFFREY 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTUsing unique data on employee stock purchase plans (ESPPs), we examine the influence of networks on investment decisions. Comparing employees within a firm during the same election window with metro area fixed effects, we find that the choices of coworkers in the firm's ESPP exert a significant influence on employees’ own decisions to participate and trade. Moreover, we find that the presence of high‐information employees magnifies the effects of peer networks. Given participation in an ESPP is value‐maximizing, our analysis suggests the potential of networks and targeted investor education to improve financial decision‐making.
Optimal mixed taxation, credit constraints, and the timing of income tax reporting
Authors: Boadway Robin , Garon Jean‐Denis , Perrault Louis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe study optimal income and commodity tax policy with credit‐constrained low‐income households. Workers receive an even flow of income during the tax year, but report their incomes and make tax payments (receive transfers) at the end of the year. They spend their disposable income on multiple commodities over the year. We show that differentiated subsidies on commodities can be optimal even if the Atkinson–Stiglitz Theorem conditions apply. When the optimal policy leaves low‐income households with binding credit constraints, it may be optimal to subsidize differentially the good that they consume in higher proportion. Uniform subsidies would also relax the credit constraint, but would be more costly to the government since they would equally benefit unconstrained households. Numerical examples suggest that commodity tax differentiation increases with basic needs and with the interest rate at which government borrows.
Amino acid profiles of muscle and liver tissues of Australian Merino, Damara and Dorper lambs under restricted feeding
Authors: Ribeiro David M. , Madeira Marta S. , Kilminster Tanya , Scanlon Tim , Oldham Chris , Greeff Johan , Freire João P. B. , Mourato Miguel P. , Prates José A. M. , Almeida André M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSeasonal weight loss (SWL) is a major constraint in extensive animal production systems in the tropics and Mediterranean. The objective of this study was to characterize the amino acid profile of muscle and hepatic tissues of Australian Merino, Damara and Dorper lambs under restricted feeding to evaluate the impact of SWL at the metabolic and physiological levels. SWL induced generalized muscle protein breakdown among restricted groups of all breeds, with varying intensity. Dorper breed mobilized less muscle amino acids when under these conditions, with the Damara having frequent significant differences, namely by having lower amino acid concentrations in the muscle of restricted lambs. Damara lambs showed greater ability to catabolize branched‐chain amino acids in the muscle tissue, which indicates yet another mechanism that provides the Damara with the necessary tools to endure harsh conditions. Overall, the Damara breed mobilized more muscle amino acids than the other breeds, with a better capacity to catabolize branched‐chain amino acids in the muscle, while maintaining muscle structural integrity.
Time course of serum cobalamin, folate, and total iron binding capacity concentrations in pregnant bitches and association with hematological variables and survival
Authors: Nivy Ran , Mazaki‐Tovi Michal , Aroch Itamar , Tal Smadar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypocobalaminemia, hypofolatemia and iron deficiency are associated with pregnancy‐related anemia (PRA) and neonatal survival (NS) in women. Similar associations have not been investigated in pregnant bitches.ObjectivesTo investigate time course and associations of serum cobalamin, folate and iron status indicators with hematological variables and NS in pregnant bitches.AnimalsForty‐eight pregnant bitches.MethodsA prospective cohort study. Pregnancy was confirmed by abdominal ultrasonography twice during mid‐ and late pregnancy, concurrently with blood sampling. Associations among pregnancy stage, NS and laboratory variables were assessed by generalized estimating equations.ResultsCompared with midpregnancy, serum cobalamin (adjusted mean [95% confidence interval, CI]) decreased at late pregnancy (430 pg/mL [394‐466] versus 330 pg/mL [303‐357], respectively;P < .001), whereas serum folate did not. Every increment of 1 in parity number or litter size corresponded to 28.6 pg/mL (95% CI, 5.6‐51.6;P= .02) and 20.3 pg/mL (95% CI, 10.9‐29.7;P < .001) decrease in serum cobalamin concentration. Compared with midpregnancy, serum iron (P < .001) and transferrin saturation (P= .01) increased at late pregnancy. The decrease in red blood cell count (P < .001) at late pregnancy was significantly, albeit weakly, correlated with decreasing serum folate concentration (r= 0.33;P= .02). None of the measures was associated with NS.Conclusions and Clinical SignificancePregnancy‐related anemia was common at late pregnancy. Unlike in women, in pregnant bitches, serum iron and transferrin saturation were increased at late pregnancy. Future studies are warranted to investigate the clinical ramifications of hypocobalaminemia in pregnant bitches and the utility of prophylactic folate administration in mitigating PRA.
Activity of Prefrontal Cortex in Teachers and Students during Teaching of an Insight Problem
Authors: Takeuchi Naoyuki , Mori Takayuki , Suzukamo Yoshimi , Izumi Shin‐Ichi 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMetacognitive functions are important for both teachers and students to facilitate teaching and learning. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a proven role in metacognition. As a pilot study, we evaluated the PFC activity of teachers and students using near‐infrared spectroscopy devices to explore the neural mechanism of PFC underlying metacognitive function during teaching and problem‐solving processes. In 14 student‐teacher pairs, participants in the teacher role gave hints via a tablet screen to facilitate solving of a tangram puzzle task by participants in the student role. The PFC activity of teachers increased after giving hints but not while planning hints. The PFC activity of students increased upon task solving after receiving hints. The PFC of teachers might play a metacognitive role in monitoring their own teaching results. The PFC activity of students might be related to the creativity process after gaining insights, as well as metacognitive process for monitoring their own behavior.
Effects of electroconvulsive therapy in the systemic inflammatory balance of patients with severe mental disorder
Authors: Bioque Miquel , Mac‐Dowell Karina S. , Meseguer Ana , Macau Elisabet , Valero Ricard , Vieta Eduard , Leza Juan C. , Bernardo Miquel 
Published: June 2019

AimThere is a great interest in the role of the immune system and the inflammatory balance as key mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of severe mental disorders. Previous studies have indicated that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) produces changes in certain inflammatory mediators or in the immune system response. This study aimed to explore the effects of ECT on the nuclear transcription factor κB (NFκB) pathway, a main regulatory pathway of the inflammatory/immune response.MethodsThirty subjects with a severe mental disorder receiving treatment with ECT in our center were included. Thirteen systemic biomarkers related to the NFκB pathway were analyzed right before and 2 h after a single ECT session.ResultsAn ECT session significantly decreased the expression of NFκB (P = 0.035) and of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (P = 0.012), and the plasma levels of nitrites (P = 0.027), prostaglandin E2 (P = 0.049), and 15‐deoxy‐PGJ2 (P < 0.001). Decrease in plasmatic levels of nitrites was greater in females than in males (P = 0.021). A positive correlation between the ECT stimulus load and changes in the expression of NFkB was found (P = 0.036). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels were decreased in treatment responders and increased in non‐responders (P = 0.047).ConclusionOur study shows the effects that a single session of ECT produces on a canonical regulatory pathway of the inflammatory/innate immune system and the inflammatory balance. These biomarkers could be useful as treatment response targets and could help to clarify the biological basis of ECT action. These findings warrant greater attention in future investigations and in the translational significance of these data.
Pediatric red ear syndrome: A case report of an erythromelalgia type and review of the literature
Authors: Cinats Allison K. , Haber Richard M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRed ear syndrome has been reported in the literature to have similarities to erythromelalgia with auricular involvement; however, the distinction between the two is controversial. Red ear syndrome has previously been classified as idiopathic (primary) or secondary, with headaches being the most common association in the idiopathic or primary form. We present a case of pediatric red ear syndrome with hand and foot involvement that we believe represents auricular erythromelalgia. In this report, we propose a classification system to unify the diagnoses of red ear syndrome and erythromelalgia and review the literature on pediatric cases of red ear syndrome.
Non‐invasive screening using ventilatory gas analysis to distinguish between chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Akizuki Mina , Sugimura Koichiro , Aoki Tatsuo , Kakihana Takaaki , Tatebe Shunsuke , Yamamoto Saori , Sato Haruka , Satoh Kimio , Shimokawa Hiroaki , Kohzuki Masahiro 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveClinical presentations associated with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) at rest are highly similar. Differentiating between CTEPH and PAH using non‐invasive techniques remains challenging. Thus, we examined whether analysis of ventilatory gas in response to postural changes can be useful as a non‐invasive screening method for pulmonary hypertension (PH), and help differentiate CTEPH from PAH.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 90 patients with suspected PH and performed right heart catheterization, ventilation/perfusion scan and ventilatory gas analysis. Various pulmonary function parameters were examined in the supine and sitting postures, and postural changes were calculated (Δ(supine − sitting)).ResultsIn total, 25 patients with newly diagnosed PAH, 40 patients with newly diagnosed CTEPH and 25 non‐PH patients were included. ΔEnd‐tidal CO2 pressure (PETCO2) was significantly lower in patients with CTEPH and PAH than in non‐PH patients (both P < 0.001). ΔPETCO2 < 0 mm Hg could effectively differentiate PH from non‐PH (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.969, sensitivity = 89%, specificity = 100%). Postural change from sitting to supine significantly increased the ratio of ventilation to CO2 production (VE/VCO2) in the CTEPH group (P < 0.001). By contrast, VE/VCO2 significantly decreased in the PAH group (P = 0.001). Notably, CTEPH presented with higher ΔVE/VCO2 than PAH, although no differences were observed in haemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters between the two groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, ΔVE/VCO2 > 0.8 could effectively differentiate CTEPH from PAH (AUC = 0.849, sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 88%).ConclusionPostural changes in ventilatory gas analysis are useful as a non‐invasive bedside evaluation to screen for the presence of PH and distinguish between CTEPH and PAH.
Combination therapy using fibrinogen γ‐chain peptide‐coated, ADP‐encapsulated liposomes and hemoglobin vesicles for trauma‐induced massive hemorrhage in thrombocytopenic rabbits
Authors: Hagisawa Kohsuke , Kinoshita Manabu , Takikawa Masato , Takeoka Shinji , Saitoh Daizoh , Seki Shuhji , Sakai Hiromi 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUNDWe previously developed substitutes for red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets (PLTs) for transfusion. These substitutes included hemoglobin vesicles (HbVs) and fibrinogen γ‐chain (dodecapeptide HHLGGAKQAGDV, H12)–coated, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‐encapsulated liposomes [H12‐(ADP)‐liposomes]. Here, we examined the efficacy of combination therapy using these substitutes instead of RBC and PLT transfusion in a rabbit model with trauma‐induced massive hemorrhage with coagulopathy.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThrombocytopenia (PLT count approximately 40,000/μL) was induced in rabbits by repeated blood withdrawal and isovolemic transfusion with autologous RBCs. Thereafter, lethal hemorrhage was induced in rabbits by noncompressible penetrating liver injury. Subsequently, H12‐(ADP)‐liposomes with platelet‐poor plasma (PPP), platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), or PPP alone were administered to stop bleeding. Once achieving hemostasis, HbVs, allogenic RBCs, or 5% albumin were transfused into rabbits to rescue them from fatal anemia following massive hemorrhage.RESULTSAdministration of H12‐(ADP)‐liposomes/PPP as well as PRP (but not PPP) effectively stopped liver bleeding (100% hemostasis). The subsequent administration with HbVs as well as RBCs after hemostasis markedly rescued rabbits from fatal anemia (75% and 70% survivals for 24 hr, respectively). In contrast, 5% albumin administration rescued none of the rabbits.CONCLUSIONCombination therapy with H12‐(ADP)‐liposomes and HbVs may be effective for damage control resuscitation of trauma‐induced massive hemorrhage.
Organophosphate intoxication in 2 dogs from ingestion of cattle ear tags
Authors: Asokan Vibha R. , Kerl Marie E. , Evans Tim , Harmon Meghan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe 2 cases of organophosphate intoxication through a previously unreported method of exposure.Case seriesA 2‐year‐old intact male Australian Cattle Dog (case 1) presented with progressive muscarinic and nicotinic clinical signs, and a 3‐year‐old neutered male mixed breed dog (case 2) presented after known ingestion of cattle ear tags. The dog in case 1 was discovered to have ingested cattle ear tags after abdominal radiographs. Organophosphate testing of gastric contents confirmed diazinon toxicosis. The dog in case 2 was found to be eating ear tags by the owner. The tags in case 2 contained diazinon and coumaphos. The dog in case 1 was treated with gastric lavage, gastroprotectants, prokinetics, antiemetics, pralidoxime chloride, and atropine. The dog in case 2 was treated with pralidoxime chloride. Both patients received standard supportive and nursing care and recovered completely with no further concerns.New or unique information providedThis is a novel exposure to organophosphates that has not been reported in small animals. In dogs with relevant clinical signs and potential environmental exposure, cattle ear tag ingestion is an important differential diagnosis to consider.
Assessment of the percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy technique in experimental manikins and canine cadavers
Authors: Pardo Mariana A. , Sumner Julia P. , Friello Adele , Fletcher Daniel J. , Goggs Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate procedure time, ease of placement, and complication rates of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) compared to surgical tracheostomy (ST) in canine cadavers.DesignRandomized crossover experimental manikin and cadaver study involving 6 novice veterinary students.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsCanine tracheostomy training manikin, 24 canine cadavers.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsFor training, each student performed 10 PDT and 10 ST procedures on a training manikin, followed by 2 PDT and 2 ST procedures on a canine cadaver. After each training procedure, feedback from bronchoscopy and observers was provided. Final PDT and ST tube placements using new equipment were performed in unused cadavers. Placements were timed, ease of placement was scored using visual analog scales (VAS, 0–10 cm), and complications were assessed by two independent observers using ordinal scales (0–3). Cadaver tracheas were explanted postprocedure to evaluate anatomical damage scores (0–3). Procedure time and VAS scores for PDT and ST procedures were analyzed using mixed‐effects linear models, accounting for student, technique, and procedure number with post hoc pairwise comparisons. Data are presented as median (range). For the final cadaver placement, there were no significant differences in placement time (300 seconds [230–1020] vs 188 seconds [116–414], P = 0.210), ease of placement (3.8 cm [2.1–5.7] vs 1.9 cm [0–4.7], P = 0.132), anatomical damage score (1 [0–2] vs 0 [0–1], P = 0.063), or equipment complications score (0 [0–1] vs 0 [0–0], P = 1.000) between PDT and ST, respectively.ConclusionsThese data suggest that PDT can be performed as quickly, as easily, and as safely as ST in a canine cadaver by novice veterinary students following manikin training. Additional studies will be required to determine if these findings can be translated into veterinary clinical practice.
Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever: Case study analysis of a sporadic outbreak from Chakwal, Pakistan
Authors: Yaqub Tahir , Oneeb Muhammad , Mukhtar Nadia , Tahir Zarfishan , Shahid Furqan , Subhan Sabir , Salman Mo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCrimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a deadly viral zoonotic disease, which is endemic in Pakistan. We report a case study analysis of three cases of CCHF which occurred in Chakwal, Pakistan in 2016. The disease was suspected in three patients exhibiting clinical symptoms suggestive of CCHF; two of the three patients died. The presence of CCHF was detected by seroconversion (IgG) from the surviving patient, while the antigen was detected in Hyalomma ticks originating from animals in the vicinity. This report indicates increase threat emergence of CCHF in Pakistan and highlights its zoonotic implications requiring immediate interventions under the “One‐Health” concept.
Electrochemical Studies on Na0.44MnO2 as Cathode Material for Na-Ion Battery Synthesized Through Sol–Gel Auto Combustion Process
Authors: Senthilkumar M. , Jagadish K. , Satyavani T.V.S.L. , Srinivas Kumar A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
For the development of sodium ion secondary batteries, performance improvement in the positive electrode is the main area of research in recent times. Enhancement in electrochemical performance of Na0.44MnO2(NMO) material as a positive electrode material for sodium ion secondary batteries plays a vital role. In this work, the NMO orthorhombic compound was prepared through sol–gel auto combustion process and characterized. Its electrochemical properties are investigated and discussed. The material displays a discharge capacity of about 102.5 mAh/g at a low current rate (C/20), which decreases to 36.75 mAh/g at a relatively higher rate (2C). The capacity retention at C/10 after 50 cycles is 85.7%. The evaluation of Na-ion diffusion coefficients (DNa+) in NMO is accomplished by potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT) test and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) test. The obtained values for the Na-ion diffusivity are ranging between 10−14 and 10−15 cm2 s−1.
The AURORA of a New Way to Value Myeloid Immunosuppression in Cancer
Authors: Rivoltini Licia , Vernieri Claudio , Huber Veronica 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) might be the ultimate barrier to break down tumor defenses and recover the preexisting T-cell immunity required to respond to immunotherapy. However, selectively intercepting MDSCs to prove their etiologic role in cancer progression is not an easy task. In this issue of Cancer Research, Yin and colleagues demonstrate unequivocally that the Aurora A kinase inhibitor, alisertib, specifically neutralizes MDSCs and triggers the rapid accrual of cytotoxic T cells, with consequent tumor clearance potentiated by PD-L1 blockade. Translating this approach into the clinic might rescue tumor immunity in immune-desert landscapes.
See related article by Yin et al., p. 3431
Frequency of Pathogenic Germline Variants in CDH1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, BRCA1, and TP53 in Sporadic Lobular Breast Cancer
Authors: Petridis Christos , Arora Iteeka , Shah Vandna , Moss Charlotte L. , Mera Anca , Clifford Angela , Gillett Cheryl , Pinder Sarah E. , Tomlinson Ian , Roylance Rebecca , Simpson Michael A. , Sawyer Elinor J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background:
Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) accounts for approximately 15% of invasive breast carcinomas and is commonly associated with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Both have been shown to have higher familial risks than the more common ductal cancers. However, there are little data on the prevalence of the known high and moderate penetrance breast cancer predisposition genes in ILC. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of germline variants in CDH1, BRCA2, BRCA1, CHEK2, PALB2, and TP53 in sporadic ILC and LCIS diagnosed in women ages ≤60 years.

Methods:
Access Array technology (Fluidigm) was used to amplify all exons of CDH1, BRCA2, BRCA1, TP53, CHEK2, and PALB2 using a custom-made targeted sequencing panel in 1,434 cases of ILC and 368 cases of pure LCIS together with 1,611 controls.

Results:
Case–control analysis revealed an excess of pathogenic variants in BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, and CDH1 in women with ILC. CHEK2 was the only gene that showed an association with pure LCIS [OR = 9.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.42–28.66, P = 1.4 × 10−5] with a larger effect size seen in LCIS compared with ILC (OR = 4.31; 95% CI, 1.61–11.58, P = 1.7 × 10−3).

Conclusions:
Eleven percent of patients with ILC ages ≤40 years carried germline variants in known breast cancer susceptibility genes.

Impact:
Women with ILC ages ≤40 years should be offered genetic screening using a panel of genes that includes BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, and CDH1.
Investigation of Leukocyte Telomere Length and Genetic Variants in Chromosome 5p15.33 as Prognostic Markers in Lung Cancer
Authors: Kachuri Linda , Helby Jens , Bojesen Stig Egil , Christiani David C. , Su Li , Wu Xifeng , Tardón Adonina , Fernández-Tardón Guillermo , Field John K. , Davies Michael P. , Chen Chu , Goodman Gary E. , Shepherd Frances A. , Leighl Natasha B. , Tsao Ming S. , Brhane Yonathan , Brown M. Catherine , Boyd Kevin , Shepshelovich Daniel , Sun Lei , Amos Christopher I. , Liu Geoffrey , Hung Rayjean J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground:Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality with relatively few prognostic biomarkers. We investigated associations with overall survival for telomere length (TL) and genetic variation in chromosome 5p15.33, an established telomere maintenance locus.Methods:Leukocyte TL was measured after diagnosis in 807 patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the Princess Margaret Cancer Center in Toronto and assessed prospectively in 767 NSCLC cases from the Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study. Associations with all-cause mortality were tested for 723 variants in 5p15.33, genotyped in 4,672 NSCLC cases.Results:Short telomeres (≤10th percentile) were associated with poor prognosis for adenocarcinoma in both populations: TL measured 6 months after diagnosis [HR = 1.65; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.04–2.64] and for those diagnosed within 5 years after blood sampling (HR = 2.42; 95% CI, 1.37–4.28). Short TL was associated with mortality in never smokers with NSCLC (HR = 10.29; 95% CI, 1.86–56.86) and adenocarcinoma (HR = 11.31; 95% CI, 1.96–65.24). Analyses in 5p15.33 identified statistically significant prognostic associations for rs56266421-G in LPCAT1 (HR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.38–2.52; P = 4.5 × 10−5) in stage I–IIIA NSCLC, and for the SLC6A3 gene with OS in females with NSCLC (P = 1.6 × 10−3).Conclusions:Our findings support the potential clinical utility of TL, particularly for adenocarcinoma patients, while associations in chromosome 5p15.33 warrant further exploration.Impact:This is the largest lung cancer study of leukocyte TL and OS, and the first to examine the impact of the timing of TL measurement. Our findings suggest that extremely short telomeres are indicative of poor prognosis in NSCLC.