bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Student Learning of Removable Prosthodontics Using the Latest Advancements in Virtual 3D Modeling
Authors: Mahrous Ahmed , Schneider Galen B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhen educating dental students or prosthodontic residents, a picture can be worth a thousand words. If that is so, then what could enhanced 3D modeling be worth relative to enhancing student learning? The answer is undoubtedly more than what a picture can provide. That is why the use of 3D models has become increasingly common with respect to patient care. The 3D modeling allows the patient to visualize more clearly the proposed treatments and outcomes; however, while 3D modeling has started to make an appearance in dental education, many of the current 3D modeling techniques do not offer the flexibility needed for dental education and enhanced student learning. At the University of Iowa, the use of 3D modeling software has enabled the creation of 3D models that can be altered or customized to be used in a more flexible way to teach students in the arts and complexities of removable partial denture (RPD) design and associated components. This educational technique article will: (1) demonstrate how these 3D models can be used to enhance student perception and learning regarding RPDs; and (2) will demonstrate using videos and web‐based portals to show how the 3D RPD models were created and then used for educational purposes.
Effect of blood deposition phenomenon on flesh quality of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) during storage
Authors: Jiang Tong , Miyazaki Riho , Hirasaka Katsuya , Yuan Peng‐Xiang , Yoshida Asami , Hara Kenji , Tachibana Katsuyasu , Taniyama Shigeto 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe examined the influence of blood deposition on flesh quality of ordinary muscle in yellowtail. This study compared the flesh quality changes in upper and under‐sides of yellowtails killed by two different methods: spinal‐cord destruction (SCD) with blood removal and suffocation in air without blood removal (SA). The under‐sides of the SA group showed the highest values for a*, cathepsin B and B + L activities, the lowest value in breaking strength and the greatest degradation of myosin heavy chain (MHC) among the four groups. However, the values of the SCD‐upper group indicated the best flesh quality. In addition, the white blood cells presented the highest cathepsin B and B + L activities among the blood components. These results indicate that blood has the tendency to deposit downward in accordance with the direction of placement. This phenomenon influences the distribution of white blood cells which contain enzymes that accelerate the deterioration of flesh quality. The texture of fish muscle is an important part of the flesh quality. In captured fishery (purse‐seine fishery and dragnet fishery), it is impossible to immediately and completely remove blood. Therefore, suffocation in air is the common method after the fish is caught. The commercial value of fish is decreased and the price varies greatly when these fish enter market circulation. In our study, we examined the influence of blood deposition on the flesh quality of yellowtail during storage. The degradation of structural proteins accelerated in the deposited blood which contain proteases. The movement and deposition of blood caused the difference of quality on both sides, which seriously affected the quality of fish during preservation. Our study has some theoretical guidance for muscle softening and give a better understanding of the adverse effect of blood during preservation.
The plasmid‐borne quinolone resistance protein QnrB, a novel DnaA‐binding protein, increases the bacterial mutation rate by triggering DNA replication stress
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Zhang Yujiao , Zhou Xintong , Hu Xinling , Zhou Yixuan , Liu Di , Maxwell Anthony , Mi Kaixia 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBacterial antibiotic resistance, a global health threat, is caused by plasmid transfer or genetic mutations. Quinolones are important antibiotics, partially because they are fully synthetic and resistance genes are unlikely to exist in nature; nonetheless, quinolone resistance proteins have been identified. The mechanism by which plasmid‐borne quinolone resistance proteins promotes the selection of quinolone‐resistant mutants is unclear. Here, we show that QnrB increases the bacterial mutation rate. Transcriptomic and genome sequencing analyses showed that QnrB promoted gene abundance near the origin of replication (oriC). In addition, the QnrB expression level correlated with the replication origin to terminus (oriC/ter) ratio, indicating QnrB‐induced DNA replication stress. Our results also show that QnrB is a DnaA‐binding protein that may act as an activator of DNA replication initiation. Interaction of QnrB with DnaA promoted the formation of the DnaA‐oriC open complex, which leads to DNA replication over‐initiation. Our data indicate that plasmid‐borne QnrB increases bacterial mutation rates and that genetic changes can alleviate the fitness cost imposed by transmitted plasmids. Derivative mutations may impair antibiotic efficacy and threaten the value of antibiotic treatments. Enhanced understanding of how bacteria adapt to the antibiotic environment will lead to new therapeutic strategies for antibiotic‐resistant infections.
Nerve fiber overgrowth in patients with symptomatic diverticular disease
Authors: Barbaro Maria Raffaella , Cremon Cesare , Fuschi Daniele , Scaioli Eleonora , Veneziano Alberto , Marasco Giovanni , Festi Davide , Stanghellini Vincenzo , Barbara Giovanni 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundColonic diverticulosis is a common condition in industrialized countries. Up to 25% of patients with diverticula develop symptoms, a condition termed symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD). The aim of the present study was to characterize neuroimmune interactions and nerve fiber plasticity in the colonic mucosa of patients with diverticula.MethodsControls, patients with diverticulosis and with SUDD were enrolled in the study. Mucosal biopsies were obtained close to diverticula (diverticular region) and in a normal mucosa (distant site), corresponding to sigmoid and descending colon in the controls. Quantitative immunohistochemistry was used to assess mast cells, T cells, macrophages, nerve fibers, and neuronal outgrowth (growth‐associated protein 43, GAP43+fibers).Key ResultsNo difference emerged in mast cells and T cells among the three groups. Macrophages were increased in patients with SUDD and diverticulosis as compared to controls. Nerve fibers were enhanced in patients with SUDD and diverticulosis in comparison with controls in the diverticular region. GAP43+ fibers were increased only in patients with SUDD as compared to controls and to patients with diverticulosis in the diverticular region. In patients with SUDD, GAP43 density was increased in the diverticular region compared to distant site. Macrophages close to GAP43+ fibers were increased in the diverticular region of patients with SUDD. Significant correlations were found between GAP43+ fibers and immune cells.Conclusions and InferencesPatients with diverticula are characterized by increased macrophage counts, while nerve fiber sprouting is increased only in the diverticular region of patients with SUDD suggesting a role in symptom generation.
Advantages and disadvantages of apoptosis in the aging process
Authors: Argüelles Sandro , Guerrero‐Castilla Angélica , Cano Mercedes , Muñoz Mario F. , Ayala Antonio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearchers cannot predict as yet how long a human being can live. Life expectancy has been steadily increasing in the last century, but perhaps not always the quality of life in parallel with it. Future generations will be faced with the problems of an increased life expectancy along with the emergence of new age‐related diseases. A deeper understanding of the aging process is crucial to ameliorate, if not to prevent, these projected new old‐age diseases. One of the mechanisms responsible for healthy aging is through the effective maintenance of physiological, biochemical, and immunological functions. To carry this out, the organism needs to create new cells to replace old ones and to induce the disappearance of old and damaged cells. Apoptosis is involved in all these processes. However, if apoptosis is dysregulated, premature senescence‐associated diseases are likely to appear. In our review, the focus will be on a better understanding of the role of apoptosis in the aging process. These signaling pathways will most assuredly be pharmacologically targeted in antiaging medicine therapies.
Osteoblast differentiation during orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Holland Robert , Bain Carol , Utreja Achint 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers and osteoclast activity in the periodontal ligament (PDL) following 2, 4 and 7 days of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in an animal model.Setting and Sample PopulationEighteen C57BL/6 wild‐type mice.Material and MethodsFor the OTM model, orthodontic force was applied to the maxillary right first molar using a closed‐coil NiTi spring activated between the molar and incisors. The left side served as the control. Following OTM, the dissected tissues were scanned for micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) analysis and processed for histology. Histological stains included tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining for osteoclasts and immunohistochemistry for osteoblast markers alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), osteopontin (OP) and osteocalcin (OC).ResultsMicro‐CT analysis showed increasing OTM on days 2, 4 and 7 days as well as decrease in bone volume and per cent bone volume at 4 and 7 days. Statistically significant increases in osteoblast marker expression were seen in all groups when compared to the control. TRAP expression was highest at 4 and 7 days, α‐SMA was highest at 2 days and OP/OC was highest at 4 days.ConclusionDuring OTM, proliferation of pre‐osteoblasts peaks at 2 days while mineralization of the osteoid peaks at 4 days. The osteoclast response is delayed.
Low prevalence of HPV‐induced oral squamous cell carcinoma in Geneva, Switzerland
Authors: Vidal Loustau Ana C. , Dulguerov Nicolas , Curvoisier Delphine , McKee Thomas , Lombardi Tommaso 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to analyze the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity.Materials and MethodsA selection was made of 155 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity treated at the University Hospital of Geneva. HPV detection was performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Pathology using a PCR technique followed by in situ hybridization of the viral DNA. Sections were studied for the immunohistochemical expression of P16INK4a.ResultsThe presence of HPV‐DNA was found in 3.3% of the cases (95% CI: 1.3%–7.5%). The only HPV genotype found was HR‐HPV 16. In contrast, 7.7% (95% CI: 1.3%–7.5%) of the cases showed an overexpression of the P16INK4a. We found no significant differences in age, sex, or tobacco and alcohol consumption in relation to the P16INK4a or HPV positivity.ConclusionsHuman papillomavirus is rarely associated with squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. Our results suggest that an overexpression of the P16INK4a protein, even in the absence of the virus, is linked to an increase in the survival of the patient.
Getting to know a familiar face: Current and emerging focused ultrasound applications for the perioperative setting
Authors: Conlon Thomas W. , Lin Elaina E. , Bruins Benjamin B. , Manrique Espinel Ana Maria , Muhly Wallis T. , Elliott Elizabeth , Glau Christie , Himebauch Adam S. , Johnson Gregory , Fiadjoe John E. , Lockman Justin L. , Nishisaki Akira , Schwartz Alan Jay 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUltrasound technology is available in many pediatric perioperative settings. There is an increasing number of ultrasound applications for anesthesiologists which may enhance clinical performance, procedural safety, and patient outcomes. This review highlights the literature and experience supporting focused ultrasound applications in the pediatric perioperative setting across varied disciplines including anesthesiology. The review also suggests strategies for building educational and infrastructural systems to translate this technology into clinical practice.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout of Ms1 enables the rapid generation of male‐sterile hexaploid wheat lines for use in hybrid seed production
Authors: Okada Anzu , Arndell Taj , Borisjuk Nikolai , Sharma Niharika , Watson‐Haigh Nathan S. , Tucker Elise J. , Baumann Ute , Langridge Peter , Whitford Ryan 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe development and adoption of hybrid seed technology have led to dramatic increases in agricultural productivity. However, it has been a challenge to develop a commercially viable platform for the production of hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed due to wheat's strong inbreeding habit. Recently, a novel platform for commercial hybrid seed production was described. This hybridization platform utilizes nuclear male sterility to force outcrossing and has been applied to maize and rice. With the recent molecular identification of the wheat male fertility gene Ms1, it is now possible to extend the use of this novel hybridization platform to wheat. In this report, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate heritable, targeted mutations in Ms1. The introduction of biallelic frameshift mutations into Ms1 resulted in complete male sterility in wheat cultivars Fielder and Gladius, and several of the selected male‐sterile lines were potentially non‐transgenic. Our study demonstrates the utility of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the rapid generation of male sterility in commercial wheat cultivars. This represents an important step towards capturing heterosis to improve wheat yields, through the production and use of hybrid seed on an industrial scale.
Infections among pediatric transplant candidates: An approach to decision‐making
Authors: L’Huillier Arnaud G. , Green Michael , Danziger‐Isakov Lara , Chaudhuri Abanti , Höcker Britta , Van der Linden Dimitri , Goddard Liz , Ardura Monica I. , Stephens Derek , Verma Anita , Evans Helen M. , McCulloch Mignon , Michaels Marian G. , Posfay‐Barbe Klara M. , Allen Upton D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe presence of infections in the immediate pretransplant period poses challenges in decision‐making. Delaying transplantation because of these infections may be required, but is associated with a risk to the potential recipient. The aim of this project was to develop a structured framework based on expert opinion to guide decision‐making regarding the safety of transplantation for candidates with infection immediately before transplant, and to show how this framework can be applied to clinical scenarios.MethodsCategories were created as follows: Category A: no delay; Category B: brief delay (≤1 week); Category C: intermediate delay (>1 week); and Category D: more prolonged or indefinite delay. A survey containing 59 clinical scenarios was sent to members of the IPTA ID CARE committee. Answers were reviewed, and the level of agreement was characterized as follows: Level 1: ≥75% agreement; Level 2:51%‐74% agreement; and Level 3: ≤50% agreement. 95% CIs were calculated for the mean overall agreement across 59 scenarios.ResultsAmong the panel, the agreement level ranged from 33% to 92% with the mean overall agreement across the 59 scenarios being 61%. For 7/59 scenarios, the lower bound of 95% CI was greater than 50%, indicating a difference at the 5% level of significance between the observed proportion and the chance level of 0.5.SummaryThe document provides expert opinion regarding the need to delay transplantation in the setting of different infections. The most important points in the decision to proceed to SOT included the urgency of transplantation and the severity of infection.
The Influence of Existential Threat and Tolerance Salience on Anti‐Islamic Attitudes in American Politics
Authors: Vail Kenneth E. , Courtney Emily , Arndt Jamie 
Published: March 2019

Fierce public discussion has centered on anti‐Islamic attitudes and tolerance in America and the West more broadly. The present research explored whether the awareness of mortality (a common theme in politics, e.g., war/terrorism, health care, abortion, and so on) and tolerance salience might influence (1) the endorsement of anti‐Islamic attitudes in American politics and (2) political orientation. Study 1 (n = 79) was conducted in lab and Study 2 (preregistered, n = 396) replicated it online; both obtained the same results. In a neutral‐value‐prime condition, American participants reminded of mortality (vs. control topic) more strongly endorsed a Congressman’s anti‐Islamic statements about Rep. Ellison. However, in a tolerance‐value‐prime condition, participants reminded of mortality maintained their acceptance of Rep. Ellison’s beliefs and practices. Political orientation was not impacted. Implications for terror management theory (TMT), other theories of existential dynamics and motivated conservative political ideology, and both recent and contemporary American politics are discussed.
The erring brain: Error‐related negativity as an endophenotype for OCD—A review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Riesel Anja 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder that is associated with high personal and societal costs. Feelings of doubt, worry, and repetitive behavior, key symptoms of OCD, have been linked to hyperactive error signals in the brain. The error‐related negativity (ERN) represents a validated marker of error processing in the ERP. Increased ERN amplitudes in OCD have been reported very robustly over the last 20 years. This article integrates results from 38 studies analyzing the ERN in OCD, using a quantitative meta‐analysis. Meta‐regressions were used to examine potential moderators such as task type, symptom severity, age, and sample size. The meta‐analysis reveals a robust increase of ERN in OCD patients compared to healthy participants in response‐conflict tasks (SMD −0.55) that is not modulated by symptom severity and age. No increase in ERN in OCD was observed in tasks that do not induce response conflict (SMD −0.10). In addition to the meta‐analysis, the current article reviews evidence supporting that increased ERN amplitudes in OCD fulfill central criteria for an endophenotype. Further, the specificity of increased ERN amplitudes for OCD and its suitability as a potential transdiagnostic endophenotype is discussed. Finally, the clinical utility and clinical applications are examined. Overall, the evidence that increased ERN amplitudes represent a promising endophenotype indicating vulnerability for OCD is compelling. Furthermore, alterations in ERN are not limited to OCD and may constitute a transdiagnostic endophenotype. Altered neural error signals might serve as a diagnostic or predictive marker and represent a promising target for interventions.
Gender and the realms of time and space in Heschel's The Sabbath
Authors: Carson Maria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Sabbath is a work by Abraham Joshua Heschel about the theological and metaphysical importance of the Jewish day of rest, the Sabbath (or Shabbat). This article shows that The Sabbath has often been overlooked and understudied in philosophical understandings of Heschel's work, and it suggests that this is perhaps due to misunderstandings about the differences between the realms of space and time in the work. This article suggests that the dichotomy between space and time ought better to be understood as differing orientations, drawing from the phenomenologist work of Sara Ahmed. Additionally, gender plays a significant role in Heschel's The Sabbath and in a way which has been largely neglected by academic scholarship.
Older age and obesity are associated with increased airway closure in response to methacholine in patients with asthma
Authors: Kaminsky David A. , Chapman David G. , Holbrook Janet T. , Henderson Robert J. , Sugar Elizabeth A. , Mastronarde John , Teague William G. , Busk Michael , Sumino Kaharu , Dixon Anne E. , Wise Robert A. , Irvin Charles G. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe reduction of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in response to methacholine challenge in asthma may reflect two components: airway narrowing, assessed by the change in FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), and airway closure, assessed by the change in FVC. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree and determinants of airway closure in response to methacholine in a large group of asthmatic patients participating in studies conducted by the American Lung Association‐Airways Clinical Research Centers (ALA‐ACRC).MethodsWe used the methacholine challenge data from participants in five studies of the ALA‐ACRC to determine the closing index, defined as the contribution of airway closure to the decrease in FEV1, and calculated as %ΔFVC/%ΔFEV1.ResultsThere were a total of 936 participants with asthma, among whom the median closing index was 0.67 relative to that of a published healthy population of 0.54. A higher closing index was associated with increased age (10‐year increments) (0.04, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.05, P < 0.005) and obesity (0.07, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.10, P < 0.001). There was no association between the closing index and asthma control.ConclusionOur findings confirm that airway closure in response to methacholine occurs in a large, diverse population of asthmatic participants, and that increased airway closure is associated with older age and obesity. These findings suggest that therapies targeting airway closure may be important in patients with a high closing index.
From Yellow Peril to Model Minority: Perceived Threat by Asian Americans in Employment*
Authors: Nguyen Jenny , Carter J. Scott , Carter Shannon K. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThe purpose of this project is to assess (1) presence of anger toward Asian Americans “taking jobs,” and (2) whether stereotypes, feelings of competitive threat, and principles of equality predict increased presence of anger.MethodsWe used an experimental list survey of 416 participants, which reduces social desirability effects compared to traditional surveys.ResultsFindings show feelings of group competition and threat were strong predictors of presence of anger toward Asian Americans taking jobs. This anger was not associated with stereotypes as suggested by past research.ConclusionsThis finding supports Blumer's Group Position Theory, which argues that racial animosity is rooted in concerns that out‐groups are vying for resources claimed by one's own group.
Access to imported intermediates and intra‐firm wage inequality
Authors: Ge Ying , Fang Tony , Jiang Yeheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe use Chinese firm‐level data from the World Bank Investment Climate Survey to examine the link between importing intermediates and intra‐firm wage inequality. Our results show that intermediate input importers not only have a significant wage premium but also have a greater intra‐firm wage dispersion than non‐importing firms. This pattern is robust when we control for productivity and use trade costs as the instruments. We further investigate the mechanism of how importing intermediates might contribute to both inter‐firm and intra‐firm wage inequality. Our evidence is consistent with three important channels. First, imported intermediate inputs complement skilled labour. Second, intermediates importers are more likely to use performance pay. Third, imported inputs complement innovation and employee training.