bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open data for modelling the impacts of electric vehicles on UK distribution networks: Opportunities for a digital spine
Authors: Flower Isaac , Li Furong , Padget Julian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a detailed overview of the current snapshot of available open data for modelling the impacts of electric vehicles (EVs) on the UK distribution network, highlighting opportunities for a digital spine. We are the first to review open data available for UK distribution networks, focusing on spatial data. We also explore data for census small geographies, vehicle ownership, EV charger locations and data on their usage. Several issues are identified, including inconsistencies in dataset availability, file naming conventions, feature definitions and geographic discrepancies. We specifically analyse EV charger connection data for secondary distribution substations from two UK Distribution Network Operators (DNOs). The validity of the data is assessed by comparing it to known public charger locations from OpenChargeMap. While one DNO provides data coverage for >95% of its substations, it is valid for only 24.1% of substations with at least one public charger. Conversely, the other DNO provides data coverage for 1% of its substations due to privacy‐related obfuscation, with data valid for 98.3% of substations with at least one public charger. Addressing these challenges through standardised data‐sharing practices and implementing a digital spine could enhance the accuracy and reliability of EV‐grid integration models. These improvements are essential for facilitating the seamless integration of EVs into the grid and supporting the transition to a sustainable energy system.
IMP‐DETR: Optimization model for defect detection of injection‐moulded products
Authors: Liu Anzhan , Han Lei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInjection‐moulded products may have a variety of defects in production. Failing to detect and fix the defects may reduce product quality and lead to safety issues. An injection‐moulded product defect detection model, injection‐moulded product‐detection transformer (IMP‐DETR), is proposed to address the challenges of diversity, small size, and complex background in injection‐moulded products. The model constructs a feature extraction backbone network with the inverted residual mobile block module to extract key information and reduce interference from irrelevant backgrounds while maintaining lightweight. The small object fusion pyramid feature fusion network is used to capture rich texture information from small objects to improve the detection performance of fuzzy and small‐sized defects. Additionally, the Conv3XC‐Fusion module is designed to resolve the problem of integrating multi‐scale features, improving the stability of detection. Due to the lack of publicly available datasets for injection‐moulded product defects, custom dataset containing 2500 defect images was constructed. The experimental results indicate that the mean average precision of the IMP‐DETR model reaches 82.4%. Compared to other benchmark object detection models, IMP‐DETR demonstrates superior detection performance and a smaller model size, which is suitable for application in real scenarios.
Soundin(g(k)) ethnic in Toronto
Authors: Walker James A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Research on ethnolects tends to focus on qualitative salient features rather than quantitative differences in
variables shared across the speech community. This study examines ethnolinguistic variation in the realization of word-final velar
nasals in the English of Toronto, Canada. Over 4,000 tokens were extracted from sociolinguistic interviews with 50 residents of
Toronto stratified by ethnicity, generation and sex, and coded for a series of linguistic and social factors. While speakers
largely share linguistic conditioning, there are significant differences between social groups. A language-transfer explanation is
not supported by comparing ethnic orientation scores with overall rates. An explanation based on intersecting social factors
receives support by examining participant levels of education. Findings suggest that the meaning of velar nasals cuts across
several social dimensions.
Degree of foreign accent and contrastive characterization
Authors: Kashkarova Polina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Past research on American telecinematic media suggested that foreign-accented English often marked contrastive
characters. However, studies addressing Hollywood’s representations of individual groups of non-native speakers of English have
been scant. Moreover, although the degree of foreign accent in character depiction was commented on, apparently being meaningful,
it was not systematically assessed. This article analyzes the use of various degrees of foreign accentedness in the portrayals of
Russian characters in 36 Hollywood films released in the post-Soviet period. Focusing on contrastive roles, determined as
negative, criminal, and comic, the study identifies their correlation with stronger foreign accents. In addition, characters with
elite occupations display a higher degree of foreign accentedness than characters with mainstream occupations, which is explained
by the less perceived threat of the latter, hence, less need to be cast as a linguistic other. The findings indicate that the
accent portrayals of Russians in American cinema are biased and reflect a broader standard language ideology in the US. The study
also provides support for the supposition that negative attitudes toward Russian English in the US are prompted by unfavorable
images of cinematic Russians.
A tutorial on generalised additive mixed effects models for bilingualism research
Authors: Coretta Stefano , Casillas Joseph V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While recent years have seen a shift towards random effects modelling, particularly in areas of linguistics in
which nested structure is the norm (e.g., trial repetitions nested within participants), an over-reliance on standard linear
modelling prevails, particularly in the cases of dynamic phenomena that may not constitute a linear relationship, e.g., vowel
trajectories, pitch contours, acquisition processes, etc. Generalised Additive (Mixed) Models (GAMMs) are now commonly employed in
phonetic research (given the naturally dynamic nature of speech data) and this is reflected by the availability of several
tutorials which focus on phonetic data. This tutorial aims at making GAMMs accessible to researchers from other fields within
linguistics. In particular, this tutorial is written for researchers in bilingualism and multilingualism who wish to be able to
start using GAMMs for non-linear data, which is very common in developmental and learning phenomena. While only the basics will be
covered here, we hope that researchers will get the necessary foundations to be able to learn GAMMs from existing resources.
Experimental investigation and 2D fluid simulation of a positive nanosecond discharge in air in contact with liquid at various dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity values
Authors: Herrmann Antoine , Margot Joëlle , Hamdan Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Streamer discharges exhibit high reactivity and are pivotal in several plasma-based applications, especially those involving plasma–liquid interactions. This study investigates the effects of liquid dielectric permittivity (ϵr
= 32, 56, 80) and electrical conductivity (σ = 2, 500, 1000 μS cm−1 ) on positive nanosecond discharges in ambient air in a pin-to-liquid setup. Increased ϵr
and σ values lead to higher discharge currents. ICCD imaging reveals that elevated ϵr
decreases the extension of the discharge radially over the liquid surface and lowers the number of filaments at the liquid surface. Similarly, higher σ values result in a shorter propagation of the discharge. A previously developed fluid model was adapted to include solution conductivity and is utilized to elucidate the discharge dynamics. The results demonstrate that increased ϵr
or σ decrease the radial component of the electric field produced by the surface ionization wave while increasing the density of electrons in the gap. The simulations and ICCD images are used to determine the charge number (Ns
) at the filament front. Ns
is in the order of magnitude of Meek’s criterion (∼108) during propagation and reaches ∼107 when propagation stops for all ϵr
- and σ-conditions. We find that Ns
is higher for low ϵr
and decreases more rapidly at higher σ. The findings reported in this paper enhance our understanding of streamer-surface interactions, which are crucial for advancing plasma applications.
Multi functional ionic Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 assisted preparation of perovskite solar cell with over 19% and superior stability
Authors: Huang Jin , Jia Chunliang , Chen Chunyang , Wang Hao , Yang Husheng , Tang Yizhe , Wang Xiao , Yuan Qibin , Ning Shuya , Guo Kunping , Ji Yongqiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The global community is striving to advance the development of emerging perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It has been demonstrated that the utilization of passivators is an effective approach to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability of PSCs, thus attracting increasing attention to organic passivators. All-inorganic CsPbI3 PSCs play a crucial role in the next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their unique optical bandgap and excellent light absorption properties. However, due to its poor stability, CsPbI3−x
Br
x
halide hybrid perovskite has been proposed. The spin-coating film formation method leads to the presence of a large number of vacancy defects in the film, which poses a significant challenge to the commercialization of CsPbI3−x
Br
x
perovskite films. Therefore, in this study, a novel passivator, Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 (TRH), was introduced. By introducing the passivator, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of PSCs in air was improved, there by optimizing the device performance. After the addition of the passivator, [Ru(bpy)3]2+ filled the defects on the surface of the film, while the free PF6
- ions passivated the negatively charged halide vacancies. The fluorine atoms effectively prevented the entry of water molecules in the air. As a result, the optimized CsPbI3−x
Br
x
film exhibited a more compact morphology, a lower defect state density, and better carrier transport performance. Eventually, the champion device achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 19.47%, and even after being placed at an ambient temperature of 25 °C–30°C and a humidity of 30%–40% for 150 d, its efficiency remained above 85% of the initial efficiency of the device.
Prediction of mechanical properties of bi-disperse magnetorheological fluids and study on their temperature dependence
Authors: Wang Ning , Sha Shujing , Yu Baojun , Li Chao , Jiang Lulu , Liu Guanting , Qin Zhuang , Zhao Runchuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bi-disperse magnetorheological (MR) fluids have shown superior rheological properties in numerous studies. Unfortunately, there are few investigations on the constitutive model development with temperature-related factors, which will hinder its applications in engineering. In this study, bi-disperse MR fluids of different sizes were successfully prepared, and compared the prediction of rheological properties by four machine learning algorithms under different conditions in detail. The results suggest that the Category Boosting (CatBoost) algorithm performs best in predicting rheological properties, attaining a testing set R
2 of 0.998, root mean square error of 0.388, and mean absolute error of 0.280. In addition, the changes in shear stress of bi-disperse MR fluids at different temperatures were analyzed. At room temperature, bi-disperse MR fluids have better rheological properties, the shear stress of MRFS was 47.34 kPa at the highest magnetic field (426 mT). As the temperature continues to rise, bi-disperse MR fluids become more susceptible, simultaneously, the shear stress reduction amplitude under higher magnetic fields is stronger than low. It is worth mentioning that, in this study, we also analyzed the effect of different temperatures on MR fluids by the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method for the first time. The analysis results by using the SHAP method are consistent with the systematic analysis, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of constitutive models and the preparation of high-performance MR fluids.
Strain-manipulated dispersion characteristics of magnonic crystals with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and applications on spin-wave devices
Authors: Zhou 周 Chuhan 楚涵 , Jiao 焦 Xiaotian 晓天 , Xu 徐 Jiaxi 佳熙 , Jin 金 Zhaonian 兆年 , Chen 陈 Lin 琳 , Tao 陶 Zhikuo 志阔 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Dispersion characteristics of magnonic crystals have attracted considerable attention because of the potential applications for spin-wave devices. In this work, we investigated the strain-manipulated dispersion characteristics of magnonic crystals with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) and discussed the potential applications in spin-wave devices. Here, the ground states and stabilities of the magnonic crystals were investigated. Then, the strain-manipulated dispersion characteristics of the magnonic crystals based on domains and skyrmions were studied. The simulation results indicated that, the applied strain could manipulate the band widths and the positions of the allowed frequency bands. Finally, the realization of magnonic crystal heterojunctions and potential applications in spin-wave devices, such as filters, diodes, and transistors based on strain-manipulated magnonic crystals were proposed. Our research provides a theoretical foundation for designing tunable spin-wave devices based on strain-manipulated magnonic crystals with DMI.
Enhancing orthopaedic implant efficacy: the development of cerium-doped bioactive glass and polyvinylpyrrolidone composite coatings via MAPLE technique
Authors: Gradișteanu-Pircalabioru Gratiela , Negut Irina , Dinu Mihaela , Parau Anca Constantina , Bita Bogdan , Duta Liviu , Ristoscu Carmen , Sava Bogdan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the potential of combining Cerium-doped bioactive glass (BBGi) with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to enhance the properties of titanium (Ti) implant surfaces using the Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) technique. The primary focus is on improving osseointegration, corrosion resistance, and evaluating the cytotoxicity of the developed thin films towards host cells. The innovative approach involves synthesizing a composite thin film comprising BBGi and PVP, leveraging the distinct benefits of both materials: BBGi’s biocompatibility and osteoinductive capabilities, and PVP’s film-forming and biocompatible properties. Results demonstrate that the BBGi + PVP coatings significantly enhance hydrophilicity, indicating improved cell-material interaction potential. The electrochemical analysis reveals superior corrosion resistance of the BBGi + PVP films compared to BBGi alone, which is critical for long-term implant stability. The mechanical adherence tests confirm the robust attachment of the coatings to Ti substrates, surpassing the ISO standards for implant materials. Biocompatibility tests show promising cell viability and negligible cytotoxic effects, with a controlled inflammatory response, underscoring the potential of BBGi + PVP coatings for orthopedic applications. The study concludes that the synergistic combination of BBGi and PVP, applied through the MAPLE technique, offers a promising route to fabricate bioactive and corrosion-resistant coatings for Ti implants, potentially enhancing osseointegration and longevity in clinical settings.
Electrophoretic deposition of chitosan/gelatin/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings on 316 L stainless steel for biomedical applications
Authors: Mohammadsadegh Ali , Allahkaram Saeed Reza , Gharagozlou Mehrnaz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In addition to the basic and main parts of hospital equipment, 316 L stainless steel is widely utilized in futures such as nails and screws, wires and medical bone clips, dental implants, heart springs (stents), needles, surgical scissors, etc. In the present study, the electrophoretic deposition of a composite based on chitosan (CS), gelatin, nano and microparticles of hydroxyapatite on a 316 L stainless steel substrate was investigated. Hydroxyapatite particles are added to it due to the ossification abilities of steel and due to an enhanced adhesion and bone production, CS and biocompatible gelatin polymer particles were also added to hydroxyapatite. These particles were mixed in an ethanol/deionized water/acetic acid solution to create a suspension for the electrophoretic procedure. A mixture of 5 g l−1 of hydroxyapatite, 0.5 g l−1 of CS, and 1 g l−1 were present in the suspension. The best coating time was 1200s, and the best voltage was 30 V. The high density of the hydroxyapatite particles in the CS/gelatin polymer matrix was seen in scanning electron microscopy pictures. Additionally, the outcomes of the immersing samples in the simulated body fluid were evaluated, and the results revealed that, after 14 d, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles grew more rapidly than microparticles. The presence of CS, gelatin, and hydroxyapatite in the coating was verified by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic polarization in Phosphate-buffered saline were used to assess the corrosion results. In comparison to the bare sample, the corrosion resistance of the coated sample increased from 1.22 × 105 to 7.17 × 105 Ω.cm2 under best circumstances, according to EIS results. Additionally, in the polarization test, the corrosion potential increased from −225.24 to −157.01 mV (vs. SCE) and the corrosion current dropped from 2.159 to 1.201 µA cm−2.
Roles of forests in moderating the diurnal cycle of land–atmosphere interactions
Authors: Jang Yi-Shin , Swenson Sean C , Juang Jehn-Yih , Huang Cho-ying , Lo Min-Hui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Forests moderate the microclimate through evapotranspiration and biomass heat flux. However, understanding the contributions of dense forests remains challenging due to observational limitations. Our in-situ observations show that forests regulate the diurnal temperature range by approximately 2 °C compared to open fields. The Community Terrestrial System Model simulation reveal that latent heat and sensible heat fluxes are overestimated by around 10% during the daytime. The nighttime temperatures are underestimated when biomass heat storage (BHS) is excluded. Furthermore, the Single-Column Atmospheric Model indicates that the misestimated daytime heat flux leads to the slight overestimation of boundary layer height. Notably, BHS decreases daytime temperature by adjusting sensible heat flux through land–atmosphere interaction. The warming bias resulting from neglecting BHS reduces vegetation transpiration, further leading to an underestimation of daytime latent heat flux. Facing the threats of climate warming and deforestation, understanding BHS characteristics in models is pivotal for accurately representing land–atmosphere interactions.
Comparative finite element analysis between three surgical techniques for the treatment of type VI schatzker tibial plateau fractures
Authors: Mitrogiannis Georgios , Gkaintes Orestis A , Garnavos Christos , Potsika Vassiliki T , Roumpi Maria , Gkiatas Ioannis , Gelalis Ioannis D , Nikolaou Vasileios S , Mavrogenis Andreas F , Lasanianos Nikolaos G , Geroski Tijana , Filipovic Nenad , Fotiadis Dimitrios I , Pakos Emilios , Babis Georgios C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction. Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and external fixation are traditional surgical techniques for treating type VI Schatzker tibial plateau fractures. A newly developed technique integrates the intramedullary tibial nail with condylar bolts. This finite element study investigated the mechanical response of three surgical techniques for fixing type VI Schatzker tibial plateau fractures. We compared the intramedullary nail-bolt (IMNB) technique with the single lateral locking plate (SLLP) and dual plating (DP) techniques. Materials and Methods. A 4th generation Sawbone model of a left tibia with a Type VI tibial plateau fracture was scanned using computed tomography and reconstructed into a 3D model. The plates were digitally reconstructed using 3D scanning technology, while the screws, condylar bolt, and nail were replicated using commercial computer-aided design software. An application engineer guided by a surgeon, virtually positioned the bone-implant construct for the three surgical techniques to align with physical constructs from a previous in-vitro biomechanical study. A commercial finite element analysis software was used for the computer simulation, with the tibial plateau subjected to uniaxial loads at 500, 1000, and 1500 Newton while the distal tip of the tibia remained fixed. Measurements of vertical subsidence, horizontal diastasis, and passive construct stiffness were recorded and compared to those of the previous in-vitro biomechanical experiment. Results. DP had the highest stiffness, followed by IMNB and SLLP techniques. DP also resulted in smaller values for measured subsidence and diastasis compared to SLLP and IMNB. The simulation results aligned with those of the in-vitro biomechanical study. Conclusions. The simulation results may further support the initial suggestion of the in-vitro biomechanical study that the IMNB technique is a biomechanically suitable method for fixing Type VI Schatzker injuries.
Potential of single-use CO2-based bioplastic water bottle adoption using agent-based modeling
Authors: Feng Danyi , Hicks Andrea 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Single-use plastic water bottles are ubiquitous in daily life. Most commonly these bottles are made from petroleum-based plastics, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, conventional plastic water bottles result in substantial environmental pollution and plastic waste. Innovative technologies that utilize captured carbon as raw materials for producing bioplastic water bottles offer the potential to mitigate at least some environmental impacts. Understanding the factors that influence consumer adoption of sustainable alternatives is essential. This study utilizes Agent Based Modeling (ABM) to investigate the adoption dynamics of bioplastic water bottles, analyzing the influence of individual behaviors and social interactions within consumer networks. The findings demonstrate that the cost is a significant factor influencing the adoption rate, while environmental benefits motivate some consumers to select bioplastic water bottles over conventional ones. Moreover, the results emphasize the importance of social networks, indicating that close connections among consumers lead to quicker and more widespread adoption due to peer influence.