bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Police Interactions Among Neuropathologically Confirmed Dementia Patients
Authors: Liljegren Madeleine , Landqvist Waldö Maria , Rydbeck Robert , Englund Elisabet 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the prevalence and recurrence of police interaction (PI) with patients diagnosed with dementia. We also aimed to study the reason behind the PI, the time of occurrence of PI, and potential consequences of the PI.

Methods:
For this retrospective medical records’ review, we included 281 cases with a neuropathologic dementia diagnosis from the Department of Pathology, Region Skane/Lund University, between 1967 and 2013. The diagnoses were Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, vascular dementia, and mixed dementia. A prerequisite was that extensive clinical investigation and follow-up had been conducted at the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry in Lund.

Results:
Of the 281 patients studied, 50 (18%) had a history of interacting with the police during the course of their disease. Frontotemporal dementia patients had a relatively higher prevalence of PI and more often due to criminal behavior. The recurrence of PIs differed among the groups; frontotemporal dementia patients exhibited a higher PI recurrence compared with the other groups.

Conclusions:
The patterns of PIs differ between the frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease patients. Knowledge about such differences may be of value for the police, the judiciary system, and the society in general.
An amplicon-based sequencing framework for accurately measuring intrahost virus diversity using PrimalSeq and iVar
Authors: Grubaugh Nathan D , Gangavarapu Karthik , Quick Joshua , Matteson Nathaniel L. , De Jesus Jaqueline Goes , Main Bradley J , Tan Amanda L , Paul Lauren M , Brackney Doug E , Grewal Saran , Gurfield Nikos , Van Rompay Koen KA , Isern Sharon , Michael Scott F , Coffey Lark L , Loman Nicholas J , Andersen Kristian G 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHow viruses evolve within hosts can dictate infection outcomes; however, reconstructing this process is challenging. We evaluated our multiplexed amplicon approach - PrimalSeq - to demonstrate how virus concentration, sequencing coverage, primer mismatches, and replicates influence the accuracy of measuring intrahost virus diversity. We developed an experimental protocol and computational tool (iVar) for using PrimalSeq to measure virus diversity using Illumina and compared the results to Oxford Nanopore sequencing. We demonstrate the utility of PrimalSeq by measuring Zika and West Nile virus diversity from varied sample types and show that the accumulation of genetic diversity is influenced by experimental and biological systems.
Dopamine neurons projecting to medial shell of the nucleus accumbens drive heroin reinforcement
Authors: Corre Julie , van Zessen Ruud , Loureiro Michaël , Patriarchi Tommaso , Tian Lin , Pascoli Vincent , Lüscher Christian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe dopamine (DA) hypothesis posits the increase of mesolimbic dopamine levels as a defining commonality of addictive drugs, initially causing reinforcement, eventually leading to compulsive consumption. While much experimental evidence from psychostimulants supports this hypothesis, it has been challenged for opioid reinforcement. Here, we use genetically encoded DA and calcium indicators as well as cFos to reveal that heroin activates DA neurons located in the medial part of the VTA, preferentially projecting to the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations of VTA DA or GABA neurons establish a causal link to heroin reinforcement. Inhibition of DA neurons blocked heroin self-administration, while heroin inhibited optogenetic self-stimulation of DA neurons. Likewise, heroin occluded the self-inhibition of VTA GABA neurons. Together, these experiments support a model of disinhibition of a subset of VTA DA neurons in opioid reinforcement.
Mentoring and gender: perception is not reality
Authors: Welsh Elizabeth Torney , Diehn Erica W. 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore whether the disconnect between mentoring theory, which posits that women receive less workplace mentoring than men, and empirical results, which have found that women report equivalent or more mentoring received than men, is due to differences in perception rather than in actual mentoring provided.Design/methodology/approachUsing an MTurk sample of working adults (n=251), a 2 (protégé/participant gender: male/female) × 2 (mentor gender: male/female) × 3 (amount of mentoring: high/medium/low) between-subjects experimental design was tested. This approach held relationship characteristics constant, allowing for an examination of the role of gender in mentoring perceptions.FindingsGender was associated with the way protégés viewed a mentoring relationship and their reports of mentoring received. When identical relationships were described, women were more likely than men to identify a senior colleague as a mentor, and protégés in heterogeneous gender mentoring relationships reported more mentoring received than those in homogeneous gender relationships.Research limitations/implicationsWhen examining mentoring, perceptual differences need to be considered before drawing conclusions.Practical implicationsThis study calls into question findings of equivalent mentoring – refocusing attention on the importance of informal mentoring for improving women’s workplace outcomes.Originality/valueUsing an experimental design that holds relationship characteristics constant, this study is able to examine whether perceptions of mentoring are affected by gender. No study has previously done so, and results from the current study help to explain why there has been a disconnect between theory and empirical results.
Impact of supplier development on supplier’s performance
Authors: Lee Alfred Bo Shing , Chan Felix T.S. , Pu Xiaodie 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of supplier development (SD) on supplier’s performance by sharing implicit knowledge in mentorship under the influence of supplier’s organizational culture (OC).Design/methodology/approachA survey questionnaire was employed to collect data from 226 employees of participating suppliers after conducting mentorship training at the suppliers’ site. The data were analyzed by the partial least squares structural equation modeling with software SmartPLS Ver. 3.0.FindingsThe empirical analysis indicates that SD by mentorship partially mediates the total effects of OC – power distance and uncertainty avoidance – on performance. It completely mediates the collaborative culture on performance.Originality/valueThis study may confirm that the SD program by mentorship is a viable strategy to enhance the performance of supply chain partners and the selection of suppliers.
Deployment-to-dwell metrics and supply-based force sustainment
Authors: Evans Sarah E. , Steeger Gregory 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
In the present fast-paced and globalized age of war, special operations forces have a comparative advantage over conventional forces because of their small, highly-skilled units. Largely because of these characteristics, special operations forces spend a disproportionate amount of time deployed. The amount of time spent deployed affects service member’s quality of life and their level of preparedness for the full spectrum of military operations. In this paper, the authors ask the following question: How many force packages are required to sustain a deployed force package, while maintaining predetermined combat-readiness and quality-of-life standards?

Design/methodology/approach
The authors begin by developing standardized deployment-to-dwell metrics to assess the effects of deployments on service members’ quality of life and combat readiness. Next, they model deployment cycles using continuous time Markov chains and derive closed-form equations that relate the amount of time spent deployed versus at home station, rotation length, transition time and the total force size.

Findings
The expressions yield the total force size required to sustain a deployed capability.

Originality/value
Finally, the authors apply the method to the US Air Force Special Operations Command. This research has important implications for the force-structure logistics of any military force.
Connecting social and environmental policy in Australia: Collateral gains or collateral damage?
Authors: Marston Greg , Stark Alastair , Matthews Tony , Baker Douglas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractClimate change research relating to “co‐benefits” suggests that the facilitation of social‐welfare outcomes through environmental policy offers a powerful means of incentivising climate change action. Concerns about social‐welfare, however, are often used to undermine climate change policies, typically through political claims that low‐to‐middle‐income households should not shoulder the costs of greater policy alignment between social and environmental objectives. Integrating the social into the environmental can therefore, on the one hand, lead to “co‐benefits” as each agenda promotes the other in political discourse, or alternatively to collateral damage if the policy objectives are framed as incompatible. This article explores both scenarios through two case studies of energy policy in Australia. The findings show that social‐welfare concerns can be a powerful discursive tool with the potential to facilitate political consensus, but also that this potential is not being fully realised, primarily because environmental concerns suffer when attempts are made to integrate the two areas discursively.
Adverse Effect of Antithrombotic Medications on Bleeding Events and Comparison of Antithrombotic Agents in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Daimon Shoichiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAntithrombotic medications (AM) are mandatory for many hemodialysis patients, but the bleeding risk associated with this therapy is elevated. The frequency of bleeding events requiring discontinuation of AM, cessation of heparin use, and/or hospitalization was compared between hemodialysis patients with and without AM. All the hemodialysis patients in our clinic were investigated. AM were prescribed in 130 of 222 patients. Except for patients with cilostazol, those with AM had significantly more frequent bleeding events than those without AM (P < 0.01). Bleeding event frequency per 10 000 days of aspirin, clopidogrel, cilostazol, and warfarin prescription was 7.37, 5.95, 2.41, and 9.81, respectively, when restricted to administration of a single AM, which was 4.96, 2.87, 0.7, and 16.06, respectively. In patients without AM, it was 0.91. The bleeding risk associated with AM is elevated in hemodialysis patients and differs markedly depending on the agent used, with the lowest risk associated with cilostazol.
Measuring radiologist workload: Progressing from RVUs to study ascribable times
Authors: Pitman Alexander , Cowan Ian A , Floyd Richard A , Munro Philip L 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe need to measure reporting workload in teaching departments remains a current pertinent need. In Australia, the Pitman–Jones reporting RVUs have been in the public domain since 2003 (revised in 2009). These are expressed in arbitrary units. In New Zealand, single‐site Christchurch Hospital reporting times have been validated and placed in the public domain. Concurrently, the RANZCR has been developing a formulaic descriptor lexicon for imaging studies (the Body System Framework). There is a need to bring these three strands of work together into a common public resource. In 2015, under the auspices of the Chief Accreditation Officer, RANZCR convened the Radiologist Workload Working Group. The goal of the group was to develop a robust method of measuring radiologist workload in teaching departments in Australia and New Zealand for the RANZCR accreditation processes of teaching departments as training sites. This paper concerns itself with one aspect of the group's work, namely reaching a consensus on radiologist study ascribable times for common imaging studies.MethodThe BSF examination descriptors were reduced to a smaller, generic dataset of descriptors at the expense of loss of specificity. BSF study ascribable times had been previously obtained by stopwatch observation. The dataset was harmonized with the Christchurch descriptors to ensure commonality of case mix. The two lead authors reached an approximate consensus study ascribable time for each descriptor in agreement with the BSF and Christchurch data. Specifically, the Christchurch reporting times were relied on extensively to validate the new dataset's study ascribable times. The first draft of descriptors and times was tabled at the meetings of the RANZCR Radiologist Workload Working Group, and was progressively refined by iterative consensus.ResultsThe output of the Radiologist Workload Working Group comprises a simplified modality‐based table of robust descriptors and ‘best estimate’ corresponding study ascribable times. These can be used with the extant Pitman–Jones methodology in order to estimate the reporting workload of a medical imaging teaching department in units of time. As a first for Australia and New Zealand, nuclear medicine and PET study ascribable times have been incorporated and balanced against radiology study ascribable times.ConclusionThe RANZCR 2016 study ascribable times are ready for use by the Australian and New Zealand radiologist and nuclear medicine specialist community. We hope these times will also stimulate further data collection in our two countries towards a robust, bi‐national study ascribable times database.
Effects of a social tutor on participation, sense of community and learning in online university courses
Authors: Cacciamani Stefano , Cesareni Donatella , Perrucci Vittore , Balboni Giulia , Khanlari Ahmad 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently, Computer Supported Collaborative Learning researchers have become interested in the notion of scripting and assigning roles to students enrolled in online courses, in order to increase their engagement in collaborative activities. This study aimed to investigate whether assigning a role called social tutor to a student enrolled in an online university course can promote 1) peers’ participation in online discussions, 2) the development of a Sense of Community (SC), consisting of three factors: membership, fulfilment of needs and goal achievement and mutual influence of the individual/group, and 3) effective learning. The participants were 53 undergraduate students who enrolled in an online course, and were divided into two groups: 1) a group of 29 students with a social tutor and 2) a group of 24 students with no social tutor. The results indicate that students’ participation as well as the membership factor of SC improved only in the group that the social tutor was present. In contrast, the scores on the other two SC factors improved regardless of the presence of a social tutor. Moreover, the results show no difference between these two groups in terms of students’ grades in the final examination. The importance of a social tutor in the design of effective online university courses is discussed.
Treatment of β654‐thalassaemia by TALENs in a mouse model
Authors: Fang Yudan , Cheng Yan , Lu Dan , Gong Xiuli , Yang Guanheng , Gong Zhijuan , Zhu Yiwen , Sang Xiao , Fan Shuyue , Zhang Jingzhi , Zeng Fanyi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored whether TALENs‐mediated non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) targeting the mutation site can correct the aberrant β‐globin RNA splicing, and ameliorate the β‐thalassaemia phenotype in β654 mice.Material and methodsTALENs vectors targeted to the human β‐globin gene (HBB) IVS2‐654C >T mutation in a mouse model were constructed and selected to generate double heterozygous TALENs+/β654 mice. The gene editing and off‐target effects were analysed by sequencing analysis. β‐globin expression was identified by RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. Various clinical indices including haematologic parameters and tissue pathology were examined to determine the therapeutic effect in these TALENs+/β654 mice.ResultsSequencing analysis revealed that the HBB IVS2‐654C >T point mutation was deleted in over 50% of the TALENs+/β654 mice tested, and off‐target effects were not detected. RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of normal β‐globin in TALENs+/β654 mice. The haematologic parameters were significantly improved as compared with their affected littermates. The proportion of nucleated cells in bone marrow was considerably decreased, splenomegaly with extramedullary haematopoiesis was reduced, and significant decreases in iron deposition were seen in spleen and liver of the TALENs+/β654 mice.ConclusionThese results suggest effective treatment of the anaemia phenotype in TALENs+/β654 mice following deletion of the mutation site by TALENs, demonstrating a simple and straightforward strategy for gene therapy of β654‐thalassaemia in the future.
Identification and handling of intensifiers for enhancing accuracy of Urdu sentiment analysis
Authors: Mukhtar Neelam , Khan Mohammad Abid , Chiragh Nadia , Nazir Shah 
Published: August 2018

AbstractJust like other languages, a large number of intensifiers are used in Urdu language. There may be a single occurrence of an intensifier or there may be multiple consecutive occurrences. While performing sentiment analysis of Urdu text, these intensifiers need special treatment for obtaining more accurate results, which is the main focus of this research work. A wide coverage Urdu sentiment lexicon is developed where intensifiers are identified and placed in a separate file. While developing Urdu sentiment analyser, rules are specifically formulated for assigning polarities to the intensifiers in text, if they are surrounded by the positive or negative words. Results show that the method proved to be effective in attaining the correct classification of Urdu sentences as positive, negative, or neutral, compared with traditional methods. Implementation of rules for intensifiers increased the accuracy of Urdu sentiment analyser from 78.33% to 83.42%, which is a statistically significant improvement. It is concluded that intensifiers cannot be ignored while performing sentiment analysis. Effective handling of intensifiers can significantly improve the performance of sentiment analyser.
Where to seat the applicant? How spatial distance influences the effect of self‐promotion on interviewer evaluations
Authors: Schreurs Bert , Hamstra Melvyn , Segers Mien , Schmitte Katharina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn high‐stakes contexts such as job interviews, people seek to be evaluated favorably by others and they attempt to accomplish such favorable judgments particularly through self‐promotional behaviors. We sought to examine the persuasiveness of job candidates’ self‐promotion by examining job applicants’ subjective hireability from the perspective of construal‐level theory. Construal‐level theory states that perceptions occur from different levels of psychological distance (i.e., distal vs. proximal). This distance is created by other dimensions of distance (e.g., spatial or social distance) and affects how individuals construe incoming information. From a large distance, people more readily process abstract information, whereas from a close distance, people more readily process concrete information. Specifically, construal compatibility occurs when abstract versus concrete features of a stimulus match the psychological distance experienced by message‐recipients. Construal compatibility (vs. incompatibility) makes evaluations (e.g., of messages) more favorable. To apply this principle to self‐promotion, we created self‐promotional videos of a job interview, in which the applicant sat either far away from or close to the hiring manager (manipulating psychological distance); the applicant, then, used either direct or indirect self‐promotion (manipulating message construal level). The results showed participants reported stronger intention to hire the applicant when distance matched (vs. did not match) the type of self‐promotion the applicant used.
Mechanistic insight, diagnosis, and treatment of ammonia‐induced hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Fiati Kenston Samuel Selorm , Song Xin , Li Zhou , Zhao Jinshun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsychological syndrome due to biochemical disturbance of brain function in advanced liver disease patients. Diagnosis and treatment of the condition is very demanding and has negative toll on finances with increased healthcare utilization. The pathophysiology is not completely understood; however, there is evidence that ammonia plays an important role in the etiology. Conventional methods of solely relying on blood ammonia level to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy did not help much; likewise, the use of lactulose alone in treating hepatic encephalopathy has also been discouraged. This paper analyzed the current knowledge regarding the mechanism of how ammonia disrupts the normal brain function as well as the use of latest diagnosing tools including those under development to evaluate the neuropsychiatric state of patients and their quality of life. The efficacies of lactulose and rifaximin combination for short‐term and long‐term treatment in addition to nutritional interventions and other drugs undergoing clinical trials were also reviewed.
Endoscopic prediction of advanced histology in diminutive and small colorectal polyps
Authors: Iwai Tomohiro , Imai Kenichiro , Hotta Kinichi , Ito Sayo , Yamaguchi Yuichiro , Kawata Noboru , Tanaka Masaki , Kakushima Naomi , Takizawa Kohei , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Ono Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and AimMost polyps detected during colonoscopies are diminutive or small, and they rarely have advanced histology. Real‐time prediction of advanced histology would help clinicians to assess the need for pathological evaluation. Here, we investigated endoscopic predictors of advanced histology in diminutive and small polyps.MethodsConsecutive patients with adenomatous polyps (<10 mm) removed endoscopically from January 2013 to December 2014 at a single tertiary cancer center were eligible for inclusion. Two endoscopists reviewed all endoscopic images to identify significant findings associated with advanced histology using multivariate models. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of the identified endoscopic predictors for advanced histology were calculated.ResultsOf 6170 polyps (4746 diminutive) removed from 2611 patients, 320 (5.2%) showed advanced histology, including five submucosal invasive cancers. In multivariate analysis, advanced histology was significantly associated with the following: loss of lobulation (odds ratio [OR] 61.7; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 19.1–199.0); heterogeneity in mucosal patterns (OR 29.0; 95% CI: 14.6–57.3); non‐polypoid growth (OR 15.7; 95% CI: 4.4–55.5); white spots (OR 13.5; 95% CI: 7.8–23.5); and surface redness (OR 6.6; 95% CI: 3.0–14.5); and irregular capillary pattern (OR 4.8; 95% CI: 2.5–9.1). These significant predictors successfully predicted all submucosal invasive cancers as advanced histology. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values were 37.2%, 97.8%, and 96.6%.ConclusionsWe identified six endoscopic predictors for advanced histology in diminutive or small colon polyps. Diminutive and small polyps lacking these predictors would not be considered to have advanced histology.