bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio detection of ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray air showers
Authors: Schröder Frank G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Radio antennas have become a standard tool for the detection of cosmic-ray air showers in the energy range above

$$10^{16}\,$$

10
16

eV. The radio signal of these air showers is generated mostly due to the deflection of electrons and positrons in the geomagnetic field, and contains information about the energy and the depth of the maximum of the air showers. Unlike the traditional air-Cherenkov and air-fluorescence techniques for the electromagnetic shower component, radio detection is not restricted to clear nights, and recent experiments have demonstrated that the measurement accuracy can compete with these traditional techniques. Numerous particle detector arrays for air showers have thus been or will be complemented by radio antennas. In particular when combined with muon detectors, the complementary information provided by the radio antennas can enhance the total accuracy for the arrival direction, energy and mass of the primary cosmic rays. Digitization and computational techniques have been crucial for this recent progress, and radio detection will play an important role in next-generation experiments for ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. Moreover, stand-alone radio experiments are under development and will search for ultrahigh-energy photons and neutrinos in addition to cosmic rays. This article provides a brief introduction to the physics of the radio emission of air showers, an overview of air-shower observatories using radio antennas, and highlights some of their recent results.
Repercussions of the Peccei–Quinn axion on QCD
Authors: Schierholz G. 
Published: February 2025

The axion, originally postulated by Peccei and Quinn to solve the strong CP problem, has become of great interest in particle and astroparticle phenomenology. Yet it has a problem. It is widely assumed that the axion leaves the nonperturbative features of QCD unscathed. This is, however, not the case. On the contrary, the axion extension is found to be in conflict with seminal results on the low-energy properties of QCD. The key is that the anomalous coupling of the axion to the gauge bosons can be integrated out, leaving behind a path integral over topologically trivial gauge potentials.
What patient-specific factors can potentially affect physiotherapy attendance of patients with knee OA at a local hospital in Singapore?
Authors: Min Ryan Cheok Chi , Joo Lim Chien , Yijia Tan Bryan , Hao Pua Yong , Jessica Pereira Michelle 
Published: February 2025

Background: Improvements for knee osteoarthritis (OA) care models are carried out widely. Yet, patient attendance behaviours in present care models are not fully understood, without the readily available localised evidence. Objective: Hence, we examined the relationships of patient-specific factors with the physiotherapy attendance for patients with knee OA. Methods: A retrospective, cohort study was conducted. Primary data from a randomised controlled trial of a community-based, individualised, multidisciplinary programme for patients with knee OA was analysed. Patient-specific factors like demographics, medical factors, self-reported knee function, physical function testing, activity levels and psychological factors were considered. We ran multiple ordered logistic models to examine the relationships between these factors and patients’ physiotherapy attendance. Results: We found that factors like gender, BMI, pain during physical function, previous knee injections and psychological symptoms were associated with the physiotherapy attendances of patients with knee OA. Conclusion: There’s evidence to suggest that patient-specific factors are associated with different levels of physiotherapy attendance among the patients with knee OA. Our results further the understanding of physiotherapy attendance patterns of patients with knee OA, and reinforces the need to consider these factors when developing informed treatment strategies that optimises the physiotherapy attendance of these patients.
Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: Complement and Precision Medicine in Aortic Disease
Authors: Dreher Leonie , Kuehl Malte B. , Wenzel Ulrich O. , Kylies Dominik 
Published: February 2025

Aortic disease encompasses life-threatening conditions such as aortic aneurysm and dissection, which are associated with high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. The complement system, a key component of innate immunity, not only defends against pathogens but also maintains tissue homeostasis. Recent discoveries have expanded its role beyond immunity, linking complement dysregulation to numerous diseases and positioning it as a target for pharmacotherapy. Complement-based treatments for precision medicine are emerging, with several pharmaceuticals either already approved or under investigation. In aortic disease, complement activation and dysregulation have unveiled novel mechanisms and clinical implications. Human and experimental studies suggest that all three complement pathways contribute to disease pathophysiology. The complement system induces direct cellular damage via the membrane attack complex, as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-associated tissue damage by promoting MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. The anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a exacerbate disease by recruiting immune cells and triggering pro-inflammatory responses. Examples include neutrophil extracellular trap formation and cytokine release by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. These findings highlight the complement system as a promising novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in aortic disease with potential for individualized treatment. However, gaps remain, emphasizing the need for standardized multisite preclinical studies to improve reproducibility and translation. Biomarker studies must also be validated across diverse patient cohorts for clinical applicability. This review examines current knowledge regarding complement in aortic disease, aiming to evaluate its potential for innovative diagnostic and personalized treatment strategies.
Decolonising the History of Kenya’s Political Governance
Authors: Odhiambo Edwin Chris 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper critiques the discursive history of political governance in Kenya, focusing on the precolonial, colonial and postcolonial epochs. Drawing on decolonial scholarship to examine these periods, the paper contends that whereas Kenya’s precolonial societies used Indigenous languages for governance and to achieve consensus, the advent of colonialism completely obliterated and restructured this system. Instead, Eurocentric (highly centralised) models of governance were imposed, using English, a language that was an indexical of colonial exploitation, control and domination. The net effect was to rationalise an imposed and alien political governance architecture, which invisibilised Indigenous people’s voices and ethnotribalised and stratified the society to advance the interests of the colonialists and elites in Kenya. This paper suggests that to push back the frontiers of this colonially inherited system of governance, the “languages of the people” need to be centred to produce devolved models that consider Kenya’s diverse cultural and ethnolinguistic polities.
Charismata and The Book of Margery Kempe
Authors: Schrambach Bendi Benson 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Margery Kempe is an intriguing figure in medieval England. Following a dramatic conversion experience, Kempe feels called to conform her life to that of Christ. This illiterate wife and mother of fourteen senses God’s desire for her to (pay scribes to) put her extraordinary religious encounters on paper. The Book of Margery Kempe becomes the first autobiography written in the English language. While Kempe’s Book has received scholarly interest for its record of a middle-class woman’s lived experience, it has been largely neglected from theological investigation—due, in part, to Kempe’s unseemly devotional style. Known for her copious tears and bouts of loud sobbing, Kempe did not conform to the devotio moderna of her day. The present article will introduce The Book and address the heightened emotion so particular to this author. It will, finally, point to anointed aspects of Kempe’s experience meriting a pentecostal designation.
Effectiveness of UNESCO biosphere reserves in achieving management objectives in Ethiopia: the case of Lake Tana
Authors: Alemayehu Yismaw , Molla Gashaw 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biosphere reserves are established to conserve biodiversity, ensure sustainable use of natural resources, and promote the development of local communities. Over the past decade, Ethiopia has designated five distinct biosphere reserves across its national territory. The Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve, established in 2015, is located in northwestern Ethiopia and aims to conserve biodiversity and promote sustainable development. However, the effectiveness of biosphere reserves in achieving their stated objectives has not been adequately addressed. Therefore, this article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve in achieving its established management objectives. Specifically, it aimed to assess and evaluate the biodiversity status and analyse the land use and land cover changes within the biosphere reserve. This was achieved by reviewing relevant published literature and analyzing land use and land cover changes in the biosphere using satellite data. Lake Tana biosphere reserve harbors 27 mammal species, 437 bird species, 28 fish species, 19 amphibian species, and 35 reptile species. However, the results of satellite image classification showed that the biosphere reserve has experienced notable changes in its land use and land cover. The most significant changes observed were an expansion of agricultural and build-up area, as well as the infestation of exotic aquatic plants (i.e. water hyacinth) covering the surface of the lake. The area of cultivated land and built-up land increased from 339,782.32 ha and 2,025.15 ha in 2014 to 343,134.32 ha and 8,124.39 ha in 2024, respectively. Similarly, 2,330.17 ha of the Lake Tana surface area was covered by water hyacinth in 2024. In contrast, there has been a significant decline in the extent of forests, water bodies, wetlands, and grazing lands within the biosphere reserve over the past decade. The integration of research findings has highlighted the importance of sustainable land management practices and effective community engagement for the conservation and preservation of the biosphere reserve. In light of this, improved management of these resources is recommended, necessitating a deeper understanding of the cause-effect relationships between anthropogenic impacts and environmental components.
LESS CARIES (D3VCMFT) IN 12-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN’S WITH DOMESTIC WATER FLUORIDATION IN THE REPUBLIC-OF-IRELAND
Authors: Harding M.A. , James P. , Beecher T. , Guiney H. , Whelton H. 
Published: February 2025

Aim: To determine the association between dentinal caries (D3vcMFT) and water fluoridation (0.6ppmat least) in 12-year-old children in the FACCT (Fluoride And Caring for Children’s Teeth) study, in countiesCork and Kerry, Republic-of-Ireland. The Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Cork UniversityTeaching Hospitals gave ethics approval. Methods: A stratified cluster random sample of 12-year-old children individually categorised as having lifetime exposure to water fluoridation(‘Full-Fl’) or no exposure to water fluoridation(‘Non-Fl’) were clinically examined and D3vcMFT recorded. Parents/guardians provided demographic, socioeconomic, oral hygiene and dietary information including whether breastfed. Multivariate regression analyses (Poisson model, negative binomial model (NBRM)), and the Hurdle model (logit and zero-truncated negative binomial models) were used to analyse the relationship between D3vcMFT and water fluoridation, while controlling for age, gender, socio-economic status, behaviour variables including whether breastfed. Variables were considered significant at p≤0.05. Results: In total 47% (n=469) of the 998, 12-year-old children examined and individually categorised as ‘Full-Fl’ or ‘Non-Fl’ had a D3vcMFT>0. In the NBRM, which was a better fit for the data than the Poisson model, categorised as ‘Full-Fl’ rather than ‘Non-Fl’ decreased the expected number of D3vcMFT by 32.0%, holding all other variables constant; brushing twice/day or more at 12-years-old and having been breastfed also decreased the expected number of D3vcMFT. Being economically disadvantaged increased the expected number of D3vcMFT by 43.5%, holding all other variables constant. In the first part of the Hurdle model, being in the Full-Fl group decreased the odds of D3vcMFT>0 by 45.1%; having been breastfed decreased the odds of D3vcMFT>0 by 29.2%; being categorised as disadvantaged increased the odds of having decayed teeth by 49.2%, holding all other variables constant. Conclusion: For 12-year- olds, exposure to domestic water fluoridation at a concentration of at least 0.6 ppm is associated with a lower number of teeth with dentinal caries and lower odds of having any dentinal caries compared with no exposure to domestic water fluoridation.
CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES OF UNTREATED DENTAL CARIES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Sen B. , Kanberoglu E. , Muratoglu B. , Kargul B. 
Published: February 2025

Aim: Most dental caries in developing countries remains untreated especially in children. Only limited data are available on the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries because there is no measure to quantify the prevalence and severity of oral conditions resulting from untreated dental caries. Recently, the PUFA index has been used to display the severity of oral health neglect. Therefore, the aim of this crosssectional study was to assess the odontogenic infections in primary teeth of 4- and 12-year-old children. Methods: Data from oral examinations provided from the Marmara University, Dental School during the months of December 2015 - January 2016. A total of 124 children aged 4-12 were included in this cross-sectional epidemiological study. This study was performed with ethical approval by the ethics committee of the Marmara University (registration number 22.02.2016-24).The clinical consequences of untreated primary molar were recorded by using the PUFA index The PUFA index per child represents the number of teeth meeting the following diagnostic criteria: Decayed teeth with visible pulpal involvement (P/p) was recorded when the open pulp chamber was visible or the clinical crown was destroyed and only root fragments were left. Ulceration (U/u) of the soft tissue surrounding the tooth was scored when caused by dislocated tooth fragments. Fistula (F/f) was diagnosed when a pus-releasing sinus tract was related to the tooth with pulpal involvement. Abscess (A/a) was scored when a pus-containing swelling was related to the tooth. The diagnosis of the PUFA index was performed visually, without the use of a dental probe. Results: 122 (58 boys and 66 girls) children 4-12 year-olds were examined, a 98% response rate. Mean age was 7.6 ± 3.2. The mean PUFA was 1.10 ± 1.49. The prevalence of PUFA was 19 (15%) and exclusively concentrated on pulpal involvement (p) with a mean PUFA of 0.1±0.5. Pulpal involvement (p) was scored most frequently 118 (95%). Virtually all PUFA scores were concentrated on primary molars with pulp involvement. Boys had a higher PUFA (1.26 ± 1.69) than girls (0.97± 1.29) and mean PUFA score was higher in the population under 6-year- olds. Conclusion: The PUFA index highlights relevant information by assessing the severity of untreated dental caries. This data might be used by dentists and decision makers to promote oral health care programs for children at high caries risk.
ORAL HEALTH KNOWLEDGE AMONG PARENTS OF CHILDREN ATTENDING THE DENTAL SCHOOL, ISTANBUL
Authors: Sari H.D. , Duygu E. , Sen B. , Kargul B. 
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge about oral hygiene of childrens parents attending the department of pediatric dentistry in the Dental School, Marmara University. Method: A descriptive study was conducted from November 2015 to February 2016 among fifty parents of children visiting the department of pediatrics dentistry. Fifty parents of children aged 4-14 years, were invited to participate in the study. A 34-item questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, dietary practices, oral hygiene practices, about deciduous teeth, was distributed to parents, during their visit. Data were presented in terms of numbers and percentages. This Project was approved by the Ethical Committee of Marmara University Institute of Health Science. Each participant signed informed consent. Results: Parents mean age was 36.5 (5.3) years; the mean age children was 9.3 (2.7) years. The majority of the study population belonged to the 25-42 year old age group (90%). Of the participating individuals 34 (68%) were females and 19 (38%) of the parents were educated to elementary school level. Selfperceptions of their own dental health showed 31 (62%) felt teeth were very important to them. However 12 (24%) of the subjects visited a dentist only when in pain. Only one parent had taken her child for just a check-up. In the present study 42 (84%) agreed the deciduous caries should be treated. Participants were aware of the risk posed by snacking to the dental health of children. A total of 36 (72%) gave no emphasis to toothbrushing for preventing cavities. Conclusion: There was no association of parental age, or education, with preventive dental knowledge. There is a need to improve parental knowledge regarding childrens dental health. Promoting oral health care as part of general health is an important goal for education.
QUESTIONNAIRE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS ORAL SELF-CARE IN IRANIAN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Asgari I. 
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to develop a new questionnaire on “attitudes toward oral self-care” in Iranian adolescents. Method: A primary version of the questionnaire was reviewed by an expert panel (8 specialists) in order to determine the content validity index. The face validity was then evaluated in a sample of 20 schoolchildren. According to sample size calculation with 95% α and power 80%, the final version was tested on 200 subjects aged from13-18 years, by non-randomised purposeful sampling based on the region of residency (social status). Ethical approval from the ethics committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and informed consent were achieved prior to study. The reliability coefficients and the attitude score were calculated. The construct validity was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The final version of the questionnaire contained 40 questions and had a corrected Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.7. There was a 98% response rate, the cases (mean age 15.9) had a mean attitude score of 104±15. The correlation between attitude score and social status was statistically significant (p=0.03). Using exploratory factor analysis the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy was 0.7 and the Bartletts test was significant. Five factors accounted for about 38% of the total variance. The suggested model consisted of subdomains like values (appearance, function), affects (positive, negative, neutral, threatening life), parent’s effect, social impact and knowledge of caries, and was acceptable after applying confirmatory factor analysis, with a moderate goodness of fit. Conclusions: The “attitudes toward oral self-care” questionnaire used with Iranian adolescents in this study is reliable and valid in content and construct.
ALBANIAN DENTISTS ATTITUDE TO PAIN FREE LOCAL ANAESTHETICS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Hysi D. , Kuscu O.O. , Droboniku E. , Toti C. , Caglar E. 
Published: February 2025

Local anaesthesia (LA) injections are stressful for the dental practitioner and the child patient. Managing and improving the skills of a dentist in giving pain free local anaesthetic injections will benefit both children and dentists. The aim of this study was to assess Albanian dentists attitude and perception about dental injections in children. Methods: A questionnaire recording the dentist’s attitude about pain-free Local Anaesthetic Techniques in Children was used. It was structured as anonymous with six closed questions using Likert scales. Information about gender, age, region and years of practice collected. It was distributed to a convenience sample of dentists participating in the 20th Annual Dental Conference in Tirana, Albania in November 2014. The information collected was analysed using IBM SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics and one way ANOVA was used in comparing groups. The results were evaluated within a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance level was set at p<0.05. Consent was assumed if the dentist agreed to take part. Results: 86(42.4%) of respondents were male and 117(57.6%) were female. The mean age was 35 years (sd 10.1) and the mean clinical practice experience was 10 years (sd 9.5). In total 72(35.5%) of dentists believed that pain is inevitable during local anaesthesia in children and 158(77.8%) agreed that a cotton pellet should be applied with a topical anaesthetic. 128 (63%) of dentists believed in the possibility of pain-free local anaesthesia in children. There was a higher agreement in males but it did not reach statistical significance. There was a statistically significant higher agreement between dentists in Tirana (the Albanian capital) p<0.03 compared with the other regions. Experience (p<0.2) and age (p<0.9) were not significant. Conclusions: A majority of Albanian dentists report the importance of painfree dental injections in children. Especially dentists in the capital agree on the need for painfree LA injections.