bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of reactivated basement structures on evolving orogens: Along-strike diachronous Himalayan metamorphism in far west Nepal
Authors: Morrell Taylor Rae I. , Godin Laurent , La Roche Renaud Soucy , Cottle John M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Determining the geometry and evolution of a basal detachment and its influence on orogenesis is a challenging, but important, aspect to understanding orogenic evolution. The basal detachment of the Himalayan orogen in far west Nepal is presently segmented by a documented tear fault. New pressure-temperature-time-deformation paths from the Himalayan metamorphic core along the Seti Khola river transect were integrated to compare the tectonometamorphic evolution on either side of the basal detachment tear fault to outline its history. Peak metamorphic conditions of 645–745 °C and 0.85–1.1 GPa were reached in the Seti Khola Himalayan metamorphic core rocks during the Oligocene to earliest Miocene, 10–14 m.y. prior to equivalent along-strike rocks in the adjacent Karnali valley, which indicates segmentation of the Himalayan metamorphic core across the tear fault. We interpret the segmentation of the orogen to have been caused by the development of the tear fault in the basal detachment of the Himalayan orogen and differing ramp-flat geometries on either side. The segmentation and change in basal detachment geometry is consistent with the reactivation of an underthrusted Indian plate inherited basement structure, the Great Boundary Fault, during the Oligocene to earliest Miocene. The comparison of tectonometamorphic histories along-strike in far west Nepal highlights the basal detachment geometry through time and the need to consider the pre-orogenic structural features of the plates involved in orogenesis. This study reinforces the importance of combining tectonometamorphic studies with geophysical and geomorphological data to fully understand the causes of along-strike segmentation of orogenic systems through time.
Substantial in situ Ti isotope variations in rutile record source and fluid evolution of porphyry copper mineralization systems
Authors: Jiang Xiaojia , Chen Xin , Hoare Liam , Schertl Hans-Peter , Palmer Martin R. , Zhang Wen , Cai Pengjie , Liu Hong , Zheng Youye , Gao Shunbao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its stable isotopes have been widely used as tracers for magmatic processes. However, our understanding of Ti isotope behavior in magmatic-hydrothermal systems remains limited. Hence, the in situ Ti isotope composition (δ49Ti) of magmatic titanite and hydrothermal rutile associated with magnetite and chalcopyrite mineralization was determined for the first time in four well-characterized porphyry copper deposits in southern Tibet. The rutile formed through the alteration of primary Ti-rich minerals during fluid-rock interaction in the early high-temperature magnetite and later moderate-temperature chalcopyrite stages of mineralization. Hydrothermal rutile, altered from magmatic titanite, exhibits δ49Ti values similar to those of residual magmatic titanite. This suggests that hydrothermal rutile inherited the Ti isotope composition of magmatic titanite. The average δ49Ti values of rutile are negatively correlated with whole-rock εNd(t) and zircon εHf(t) data, and positively correlated with whole-rock (87Sr/86Sr)i values, which suggests that the initial Ti isotope compositions of hydrothermal rutile in porphyry copper deposits primarily reflect their source. Rutile from the Qulong deposit sometimes exhibits fractionation of δ49Ti at levels exceeding 0.5‰, displaying a negative correlation with Zr and FeO, which may be attributed to the formation of magnetite and rutile at an early potassic alteration stage. Isotopically light Ti is preferentially incorporated into magnetite and rutile. Thus, the rutile associated with sulfide mineralization that formed from the remaining fluids during a later stage of phyllic alteration is enriched in heavy δ49Ti. These findings contribute to the understanding of how rutile fractionates Ti isotopes in hydrothermal systems related to porphyry copper deposits. In local contexts, the substantial crystallization of magnetite, along with the preferential incorporation of isotopically light Ti during the early stages, leads to a decrease in oxygen fugacity within the ore-bearing fluid. This, in turn, facilitates the formation of sulfides during later stages. The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of in situ Ti isotope analysis as a powerful tool for tracking fluid and metal sources, and can be used to help interpret ore precipitation throughout different stages of magmatic-to-hydrothermal ore-forming processes.
Hospital-recorded chronic health conditions in children with and without Down syndrome in England: a national cohort of births from 2003 to 2019
Authors: Shumway Julia , Ellis Jill , Stephens Alice , De Stavola Bianca Lucia , Gilbert Ruth , Zylbersztejn Ania 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe objective is to describe age-specific cumulative incidence for hospital-recorded indicators of chronic health conditions (CHCs) in children with Down syndrome (DS) compared with children without DS.DesignNational birth cohort using hospital admission and death records.SettingNational Health Service (NHS)-funded hospitals in England.PopulationLiveborn, singleton infants born in NHS-funded hospitals between 2003 and 2019.Main outcome measuresCumulative incidence of nine categories of hospital-recorded CHCs, multimorbidity and mortality.ResultsWe identified 10 621 infants with DS among 9 631 646 liveborn, singleton infants (0.11%). Among children with DS, the cumulative incidence for any indicated CHC was 90.1% by age 16, as compared with 21.2% of children without DS. By age 16, a third of children (33.1%) with DS had CHCs affecting four or more body systems; only 6.0% of children without DS had CHCs indicated in more than one body system. The most common CHCs in children with DS were severe congenital heart defects, indicated in 57.2% (0.8% in children without DS). The estimated HR for mortality up to age 16 comparing children with versus without DS was 15.26 (95% CI: 14.15, 16.45).ConclusionsChildren with DS had a higher cumulative incidence for CHCs in each body system category and subcategory, at all ages, than children without DS. Multimorbidity and mortality were higher among children with DS. Administrative data can be used to examine the health needs and healthcare use of children with DS throughout childhood and adolescence.
Patients and clinicians have different priorities when discussing pain in the IBD clinic
Authors: Huisman Danielle , Andrews Esther , Williams Amanda C de C , Parkes Miles , Norton Christine 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivePain in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is frequently neglected/overlooked, particularly in ulcerative colitis, and communication about pain can be suboptimal. The current study juxtaposes clinicians’ conceptualisations of patients’ pain with patient narratives. The aim was to inform the development of a pain reporting tool and provide guidance for better communication about IBD pain.MethodsIn-depth semistructured interviews with 13 IBD clinicians in the UK: gastroenterologists (n=5), colorectal surgeons (n=2), specialist nurses (n=4) and psychologists (n=2). Primary analysis of these data and secondary analysis of earlier interviews about pain in IBD with clinicians (n=12) and patients (n=71) followed principles of reflexive thematic analysis. Themes were compared across participant groups.ResultsClinicians state that they regularly ask about pain in Crohn’s disease, but not ulcerative colitis. Patients, however, report inconsistent attention to pain in either condition, with power dynamics constraining their pain report. Some clinicians acknowledged that they assume that patients manage their pain independently, leading to insufficient follow-up (Theme 1: Contradictions and ambiguities when discussing pain in IBD). Inadequate acknowledgement of pain by clinicians was attributed to time constraints and systemic issues. Where inflammatory or structural causes were lacking, some clinicians default to attributing pain to irritable bowel syndrome, contributing to patients feeling uncared for (Theme 2: Consequences of limited tools and time for pain). Addressing pain was further complicated by the reluctance of some patients to express discomfort or pain and others who avoided activities that might lead to pain (Theme 3: Addressing pain in patients who do not complain).ConclusionThe study emphasises the importance of consistent pain evaluation and management, advocating for more open dialogues between clinicians and patients.
Mechanisms of impact of web-based support and self-monitoring to augment and maintain physical activity levels: a qualitative study exploring participants’ interactions with the e-coachER, a web-based support programme for people attending exercise referral schemes
Authors: Lambert Jeffrey D , Dean Sarah Gerard , Terry Rohini H , Charles Nigel , Greaves Colin , Campbell John L , Taylor Adrian 
Published: October 2024

Objectivese-coachER was a web-based intervention designed to support uptake and maintenance of physical activity for people attending exercise referral schemes (ERS) for weight loss, diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis or a history of depression/low mood. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of impact of the e-coachER intervention, specifically how participants interacted with e-coachER and the key mediators of increased physical activity.DesignThis was a qualitative one-on-one interview study. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.SettingUK primary care ERS.ParticipantsA purposive sample of adult patients randomised to the intervention arm of the e-coachER randomised controlled trial.ResultsTwenty-six participants (20 female), who had logged on to e-coachER at least once were recruited, resulting in a total of 38 interviews (mean duration 48 min). Four broad, inter-related themes were generated from the data (1) catalyst for change, (2) goals and aspirations, (3) support and (4) engagement with the e-coachER programme. Most participants who took part in e-coachER were already motivated to improve their health and perceived e-coachER as an additional source of motivation and accountability. Many felt that the opportunity to set goals and self-monitor supported participant’s competence and autonomy by enabling them to progress at their own pace. Many participants reported on how e-coachER helped them to foster a sense of relatedness by encouraging them to seek support from others. Finally, e-coachER was regarded as being generally accessible and engaging. Despite this, some found it too simplistic, and others found it hard to maintain engagement over time.ConclusionsThe e-coachER intervention seemed to be generally motivating in the early stages of initiating behaviour change, but engagement waned over time. Our findings highlight how important an online package might be in supporting behaviour change while also highlighting the challenges of achieving sustained physical activity changes.Trial registration numberISRCTN15644451.
Associations between health literacy proficiencies and health-related quality of life and GP visits among young people in Norway: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Le Christopher , Guttersrud Øystein , Joranger Pål , Okan Orkan , Finbråten Hanne Søberg 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesDespite globally increased attention from policymakers and being recognised as a critical determinant of health, health literacy (HL) research in young people (YP) remains limited. This study aims to describe HL in YP across person factors and explore the associations between HL and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the number of visits to general practitioners (GP visits).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPopulation-based data collection applying country representative strata in Norway.Participants890 participants aged 16–25 years.Primary and secondary measuresRasch modelling and Wright’s method were used to identify statistically distinct levels of HL proficiency. Multiple linear regression and negative binomial regression models were applied to explore the associations between HL and HRQoL, and between HL and GP visits, respectively.ResultsAmong YP, HL was statistically significantly associated with HRQoL and the number of GP visits, when adjusting for age, gender, education, self-perceived social status and financial deprivation. For every logit increase in HL, the number of GP visits decreased by 22%. Four statistically distinct levels of HL proficiency were identified for the 12-item HLS19-YP12 scale, started from a cut-point of 23, 30, 37 and 44 out of 48. Relatedly, 70% of respondents were observed at or below level 2 (30–36 points), indicating a varying lack of central skills. The span from lowest (1) to highest (4) HL level was associated with a decrease of 2.1 GP visits per year and an increase of .12 on the EQ-5D index.ConclusionsThis study provides new empirical insights into the impact of HL in YP. Identified cut-points for the HLS19-YP12 may contribute to simplifying the process of adapting information and communication for various HL skills. The study also suggests the need for more efforts in HL policy and structural intervention development to enhance YP health and well-being.
Factors affecting community pharmacists’ capacity to deliver pharmacy services in Zhengzhou, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Meng Wenxin , Wang Yanan , Shen Jian , Yan Mingxun , Hu Yuanjia , Jiang Rong 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the factors that affect the capacity of community pharmacists to deliver pharmacy services (PSs) in Zhengzhou, China.DesignAn online, cross-sectional survey was conducted.Setting and participantsA stratified sampling method was used to select community pharmacists for questionnaires. A total of 124 community pharmacists from various districts of Zhengzhou were included in this study.ResultsPrincipal component regression analysis showed that cumulative hours of continuing education (CE), job satisfaction, career prospects, awareness of the need for CE and income had a positive impact on pharmacists’ capacity to deliver PS, with a gradually decreasing degree of influence.ConclusionsMost pharmacists felt that their capacity to provide PS met the basic public requirements. Cumulative CE hours had the most significant effect on pharmacists’ capacity to provide PS, while income had the least effect. The government, grassroots community pharmacies, pharmacists and the public should formulate timely and targeted measures to enhance the PS capacity of community pharmacists.
Assessing the relative efficacy of components of opioid-free anaesthesia in adult surgical patients: protocol for a systematic review and component network meta-analysis
Authors: Belltall Amparo , Mazzinari Guido , Ní Eochagáin Aisling , Wall Tom , Serpa Neto Ary , Diaz-Cambronero Oscar , Sessler Daniel , Buggy Donal J , Cata Juan , Hollmann Markus W 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThe rise of opioid-free anaesthesia (OFA) aims to reduce postoperative pain while reducing opioid-related side effects during surgery. However, the various adjuvant agents used in OFA complicate the evaluation of their effectiveness and risks. Recent reviews question the clinical benefits of OFA, highlighting the need for thorough evaluation. This protocol describes a network meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of OFA with opioid-based anaesthesia and will identify key components for optimal postoperative outcomes.Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic search of literature published in English without time restriction in Embase, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (via PubMed) and CINAHL, along with Google Scholar for grey literature. The final search will be performed on 1 October 2024. We will include randomised controlled trials with adult patients undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia, excluding preclinical, observational, regional anaesthesia-only and prolonged anaesthesia outside the operating room studies. The primary outcome is postsurgical pain scores, with secondary outcomes including quality of recovery, opioid consumption, adverse effects and long-term events. We will assess bias using the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool and conduct Bayesian network meta-analyses for pooled estimates. We will report effect estimates as ORs and standardised mean differences with 95% credible intervals and assess certainty using GRADE methodology.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this systematic review. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international anaesthesia and pain management conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024505853.
Adjunct polymeric exclusive enteral nutrition helps achieve biochemical remission in active Crohn’s disease in adults irrespective of disease location and concomitant corticosteroid use
Authors: Kuo Hellen , Tognolini Katrina , Mutsekwa Rumbidzai , Shukla Dheeraj , Willmann Laura , Moattar Hadi , Dorrington Alexander , Ishaq Naveed , Bhullar Maneesha , Edwards John , Mohsen Waled , Kakkadasam Ramaswamy Pradeep 
Published: October 2024

Background and aimData on the effectiveness of polymeric exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in inducing biochemical remission in adults with active Crohn’s Disease (CD) is scarce. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of polymeric EEN in inducing biochemical remission in adults with active CD.MethodsSingle-centre retrospective study, from January 2018 to September 2022, of patients with active CD who received therapy with EEN, along with standard of care. Active CD was defined as C-Reactive Protein (CRP) ≥10 mg/L and/or faecal calprotectin (FC) ≥250 µg/g. Primary endpoint (PE) was biochemical remission at 8 weeks. Biochemical remission was defined as CRP <6 mg/L in patients with CRP ≥10 mg/L at baseline and/or FC <150 µg/g in patients with an FC ≥250 µg/g at baseline.Results61 patients were included, 32 (52.4%) female. PE was achieved in 35 (57.4%) patients; 20 (58.8%) with concurrent corticosteroid (CS) and 15 (55.6%) without CS use at baseline, p=1. 43.7% (7/16) of patients with ileal, 50% (4/8) with colonic and 64.9% (24/37) with ileocolonic (p=0.33) disease phenotype achieved PE. Fewer patients with baseline concurrent biological achieved PE (12/29 (41.38%) vs 23/32 (71.9%), p=0.021). On univariable analysis, the absence of biological therapy at baseline was a predictor for achieving PE (OR 3.6 (95% CI 1.23 to 10.6), p=0.019).ConclusionPolymeric EEN is effective in inducing biochemical remission in adults with active CD irrespective of disease location or concurrent CS use. Significantly fewer patients on concurrent biologics at baseline achieved biochemical remission.
Cardiac remodelling in patients with atrial fibrillation and obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Hunt Tove Elizabeth Frances , Traaen Gunn Marit , Aakerøy Lars , Massey Richard John , Bendz Christina , Øverland Britt , Akre Harriet , Steinshamn Sigurd , Loennechen Jan Pål , Broch Kaspar , Helle-Valle Thomas , Lie Øyvind Haugen , Anstensrud Anne Kristine , Haugaa Kristina H , Gullestad Lars , Anfinsen Ole-Gunnar , Aakhus Svend 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) can cause left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) remodelling, which is linked to atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can reverse LA and LV remodelling in patients with OSA and paroxysmal AF (PAF) has yet to be studied. We assessed the impact of CPAP treatment on LA and LV size and function in patients with OSA and PAF before and after catheter ablation.MethodsIn a randomised controlled trial, we screened patients with PAF for OSA. We enrolled patients with an Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index ≥15/hour. The burden of AF was monitored by an implantable loop recorder in all patients. Patients were then randomised to CPAP treatment or standard care. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months to assess LV and LA function and remodelling with advanced echocardiographic imaging techniques.ResultsWe enrolled 109 patients (63±7 years, body mass index 29.6±4.3, 76% men). 83 patients were scheduled for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and 26 for clinical follow-up only. 55 patients were randomised to CPAP and 54 to standard care. The burden of AF decreased significantly in patients who underwent PVI irrespective of treatment with CPAP (p for difference ≤0.001). Patients in the study group had LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) within the normal range, increased LA Volume Index (LAVI), LA volume (by speckle tracking) and decreased LA reservoir strain at baseline. We did not observe any improvement in LVEF, GLS, LAVI, LA volume or LA reservoir strain in either group during the 12 months of follow-up.ConclusionsIn patients with PAF and OSA, treatment with CPAP was not associated with reverse LA remodelling within 12 months of follow-up.
The ground states of hidden-charm tetraquarks and their radial excitations
Authors: Yu Guo-Liang , Li Zhen-Yu , Wang Zhi-Gang , Wu Bin , Zhou Ze , Lu Jie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInspired by the great progress in the observations of charmonium-like states in recent years, we perform a systematic analysis about the ground states and the first radially excited states of $$qc\bar{q}\bar{c}$$

q
c

q

¯

c

¯

(q = u/d and s) tetraquark systems. Their mass spectra, root mean square (r.m.s.) radii and radial density distributions are predicted within the framework of relativized quark model. By comparing with experimental data, some potential candidates for hidden-charm tetraquark states are suggested. For $$qc\bar{q}\bar{c}$$

q
c

q

¯

c

¯

(q = u/d) system, if $$Z_{c}(3900)$$

Z
c

(
3900
)

is supposed to be a compact tetraquark state with $$J^{PC}=1^{+-}$$

J

PC

=

1

+
-

, Z(4430) can be interpreted as the first radially excited states of $$Z_{c}(3900)$$

Z
c

(
3900
)

. Another broad structure $$Z_{c}(4200)$$

Z
c

(
4200
)

can also be explained as a partner of $$Z_{c}(3900)$$

Z
c

(
3900
)

, and it arise from a higher state with $$J^{PC}=1^{+-}$$

J

PC

=

1

+
-

. In addition, theoretical predictions indicate that the possible assignments for X(3930), X(4050) and X(4250) are low lying $$0^{++}$$

0

+
+

tetraquark states. As for the $$sc\bar{s}\bar{c}$$

s
c

s

¯

c

¯

system, X(4140) and X(4274) structures can be interpreted as this type of tetraquark states with $$J^{PC}=1^{++}$$

J

PC

=

1

+
+

, and X(4350) can be described as a $$sc\bar{s}\bar{c}$$

s
c

s

¯

c

¯

tetraquark with $$J^{PC}=0^{++}$$

J

PC

=

0

+
+

. With regard to $$qc\bar{s}\bar{c}$$

q
c

s

¯

c

¯

(q = u/d) system, we find two potential candidates for this type of tetraquark, which are $$Z_{cs}(4000)$$

Z

cs

(
4000
)

and $$Z_{cs}(4220)$$

Z

cs

(
4220
)

structures. The measured masses of these two structures are in agreement with theoretical predictions for the $$1^{+}$$

1
+

state.