bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cape Town “Day Zero” drought and Hadley cell expansion
Authors: Burls Natalie J. , Blamey Ross C. , Cash Benjamin A. , Swenson Erik T. , Fahad Abdullah al , Bopape Mary-Jane M. , Straus David M. , Reason Chris J. C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn early 2018, Cape Town (population ~3.7 million) was at risk of being one of the first major metropolitan areas in the world to run out of water. This was due to a severe multi-year drought that led to the levels of supply dams falling to an unprecedented low. Here we analyze rainfall data from the city catchment areas, including rare centennial records from the surrounding region, to assess the severity of the 2015–2017 drought. We find that there has been a long-term decline in the number of winter rainfall days, but this trend has been generally masked by fluctuations in rainfall intensity. The recent drought is unprecedented in the centennial record and represents a combination of the long-term decline in rainfall days and a more recent decline in rainfall intensity. Cold fronts during the winter months are responsible for most of the rainfall reaching Cape Town and our analysis shows no robust regional trend in the number of fronts over the last 40 years. Rather, the observed multidecadal decline in rainfall days, which threatens to increase the occurrence of severe drought, appears to be linked to a decrease in the duration of rainfall events associated with cold fronts. This change in rainfall characteristics associated with fronts appears to be linked to Hadley Cell expansion seen across the Southern Hemisphere and an increasing trend in post-frontal high-pressure conditions that suppress orographically enhanced rainfall.
Functional D-box sequences reset the circadian clock and drive mRNA rhythms
Authors: Yoshitane Hikari , Asano Yoshimasa , Sagami Aya , Sakai Seinosuke , Suzuki Yutaka , Okamura Hitoshi , Iwasaki Wataru , Ozaki Haruka , Fukada Yoshitaka 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe circadian clock drives gene expression rhythms, leading to daily changes in physiology and behavior. In mammals, Albumin D-site-Binding Protein (DBP) rhythmically activates transcription of various genes through a DNA cis-element, D-box. The DBP-dependent transactivation is repressed by competitive binding of E4BP4 to the D-box. Despite the elaborate regulation, physiological roles of the D-box in the circadian clockwork are still elusive. Here we identified 1490 genomic regions recognized commonly by DBP and E4BP4 in the mouse liver. We comprehensively defined functional D-box sequences using an improved bioinformatics method, MOCCS2. In RNA-Seq analysis of E4bp4-knockout and wild type liver, we showed the importance of E4BP4-mediated circadian repression in gene expression rhythms. In addition to the circadian control, we found that environmental stimuli caused acute induction of E4BP4 protein, evoking phase-dependent phase shifts of cellular circadian rhythms and resetting the clock. Collectively, D-box-mediated transcriptional regulation plays pivotal roles in input and output in the circadian clock system.
Arabidopsis GCN2 kinase contributes to ABA homeostasis and stomatal immunity
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Afrin Taiaba , Pajerowska-Mukhtar Karolina M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGeneral Control Non-derepressible 2 (GCN2) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that modulates amino acid homeostasis in response to nutrient deprivation in yeast, human and other eukaryotes. However, the GCN2 signaling pathway in plants remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that in Arabidopsis, bacterial infection activates AtGCN2-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α and promotes TBF1 translational derepression. Consequently, TBF1 regulates a subset of abscisic acid signaling components to modulate pre-invasive immunity. We show that GCN2 fine-tunes abscisic acid accumulation and signaling during both pre-invasive and post-invasive stages of an infection event. Finally, we also demonstrate that AtGCN2 participates in signaling triggered by phytotoxin coronatine secreted by P. syringae. During the preinvasive phase, AtGCN2 regulates stomatal immunity by affecting pathogen-triggered stomatal closure and coronatine-mediated stomatal reopening. Our conclusions support a conserved role of GCN2 in various forms of immune responses across kingdoms, highlighting GCN2’s importance in studies on both plant and mammalian immunology.
New image‐guided method for localisation of an active capsule endoscope in the stomach
Authors: Aghanouri Mehrnaz , Ghaffari Ali , Serej Nasim Dadashi , Rabbani Hossein , Adibi Peyman 
Published: August 2019

Localisation of an active capsule endoscope inside the stomach has different challenges. One of them is the estimation of the capsule's roll angle. Another challenge is adjusting the distance between the capsule and the stomach to achieve high‐quality imaging in the region of interest. In this study, an optimised image‐guided localisation (O‐Localisation) method is proposed to estimate the roll angle and the scale factor between the consecutive frames. The distance between the capsule and walls of the stomach can be adjusted using the suggested fuzzy adjuster, which is developed based on the estimated scale factors and calibration parameters. This new method is only based on visual information extracted from wireless capsule endoscope video frames. The results show that this method can accurately estimate the rotation angles and scale factors with errors <0.2% for the angles up to 90° and 0.3% for the scales up to 5, respectively. The method is robust to the brightness changes up to 80% with a maximum error of 0.3%. The computational time is about 1 s and can be considered near real‐time for this application. Accordingly, the O‐Localisation method as a real‐time, robust and precise method for capsule localisation can provide a more efficient controllable and steerable capsule endoscopes.
Multimodulares kognitives Training für Mitarbeiter in der Pflege 50+: Erste Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie zur Durchführbarkeit und Wirksamkeit
Authors: Buschert Verena Caroline , Grishina Anna , Feichtner Anita 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie war die Prüfung der Durchführbarkeit eines kognitiven Trainings für Mitarbeiter der Pflege 50+.
Methodik Dazu wurde ein kognitives Trainingsprogramm (13 Stunden, 5 Termine) mit 15 Pflegekräften des Klinikums der Universität München (KUM) durchgeführt und die Akzeptanz sowie Effekte auf kognitive und psychische Leistungspotenziale ermittelt.
Ergebnisse Die Maßnahme wurde von den Teilnehmern sehr gut angenommen und positiv bewertet. Zudem zeigten sich signifikante Verbesserungen in kognitiven Leistungsbereichen und in der Selbstwirksamkeit.
Schlussfolgerung Das Trainingsprogramm lässt sich als regelmäßiges Angebot implementieren, erste Hinweise auf positive Trainingseffekte müssen im Rahmen randomisierter kontrollierter Studien bestätigt werden.
Morphological Variations of an Atypical Cleft Hand: A Cadaveric Case Report
Authors: Sirasanagandla Srinivasa Rao , Al Mushaiqri Mohamed , Al Khabori Hussein Saleem Jawad , Al Rashdi Roaa Abdullah Mohsin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCleft hand is a group of hand deformities in which the central digits of the hand are congenitally absent. The soft tissue variations of cleft hand are rarely described. Hence, we report the anatomic variants of a unilateral atypical cleft hand with the absence of all of the phalanges of the middle finger. The 2nd and 3rd lumbricals showed a variation in their distal attachment. Both the superficial and deep flexor digital tendons of the missing middle finger were fused and inserted into the palmar surface of the head of the 3rd metacarpal bone. The extensor digitorum tendon of the missing finger was inserted on the dorsal surface of the head of the 3rd metacarpal bone. The palmar digital nerves of the median nerve of the middle finger formed 2 visible fibrotic masses; radial and ulnar, over the base of the 2nd web space. Of these, the radial mass was formed by the fusion of both palmar digital nerves and the common palmar digital artery. The knowledge of soft tissue abnormalities reported here is clinically important to plastic surgeons while restoring the good grasp and pinch of the cleft hand. The occurrence of fibrotic masses reported in the present case is unique, and these masses may cause diagnostic errors during an angiographic procedure.
Evaluation of the Impacts of Chemotherapeutics on Odontogenesis Process: Findings from a Systematic Review
Authors: Smith Camila Valente , Silva Grazyelle Sebrenski da , Silva Felipe Rodolfo Pereira da , Barcellos José Fernando Marques , Furtado Silvânia da Conceição 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to examine and recognize the impacts of antinoplastic chemotherapeutics on the development of dental germ, employing a systematic review. A retrieving in the literature was carried out, using several medical and scientifical databases (ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MedLine, PubMed, and ScienceDirect), by two investigators separately. In the end of this systematic search, eight articles met the required criteria for inclusion and, therefore, composed the results. Among these, four articles are about observational studies in humans, and the other four about experimental animal studies. In both cases and species, anomalies such as microdontia, hypodontia/agenesia, and root shortening were observed. The severity and frequency varied according to the nature of the chemotherapeutics applied as well as the administered dosage and the patient's age at the time of first exposure. Through the results, it was possible to show the direct impacts of chemotherapy on the odontogenesis process as well as factors such as the type of chemotherapy, the age of the individual at the time of first exposure and the dosage used. All of those should be taken into account when choosing a therapeutic protocol for an oncology patient. Besides, we observed the need for more studies in this area and that these should be standardized in order to allow an objective and direct analysis of comparable parameters, even when different approaches are used.
Anatomical Variation of the Azygos System of Veins - Case Report
Authors: Brito Josikwylkson Costa , Falcão Vlademir Lourenço , Gomes Ana Luisa Castelo Branco , Queiroga Deyvsom Felipe de Sousa , Barroso Luciana Karla Viana 
Published: August 2019

Introduction The azygos system of veins (ASV) is a very variable structure characterized as a communication between the inferior and superior vena cava, having the azygos vein (AV), the hemiazygos vein (HV), and the accessory hemiazygos vein (HAV) as its main components, which are responsible for the mediastinal viscera and for the thoracoabdominal wall drainage. The aim of the present study is to report an anatomical variation found in a male cadaver at the Laboratory of Anatomy of the University Center of UNIFACISA, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
Case Report In the posterior mediastinum, the union of the HV, of the HAV, and of the 8th left posterior intercostal vein formed a common trunk at the level of the left 8th intercostal space, crossing the mediastinum posterior to the aorta artery, ending up in the AV, in the right hemithorax.
Conclusion The study of the anatomical variations of the ASV is important and will provide knowledge for physicians not to confuse them with pathological processes in imaging exams. Moreover, it can provide safety in surgical approaches of the thorax.
Dorsal Bridge Plating versus External Fixation for Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Wang William L. , Ilyas Asif M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background External fixation and dorsal bridge plating are wrist spanning fixation options for distal radius fractures; however, their comparative effectiveness is not well understood. A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the clinical outcomes between these two techniques.
Materials and Methods A PubMed database query of all distal radius fracture cases managed with spanning external fixation or dorsal bridge plating was performed. A total of 28 articles met inclusion criteria, yielding 895 patients for data extraction and comparative analysis.
Results Dorsal bridge plating demonstrated lower rates of infection (2 vs. 10%, p = 0.05) and complex regional pain syndrome (1 vs. 4%, p = 0.04) but higher rates of hardware failure (4 vs. 1%, p = 0.026). Bridge plating also demonstrated higher rates of excellent/good ratings under the Gartland and Werley outcome score (91 vs. 83%, p = 0.016). There was no significant difference in DASH (Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Wrist) scores, radiographic parameters, or unplanned reoperations between the two spanning fixation options.
Conclusion Bridge plating and external fixation both appear to be comparable for spanning fixation constructs for distal radius fractures, but with bridge plating having a potentially lower complication profile.
MiR223-3p promotes synthetic lethality in BRCA1-deficient cancers
Authors: Srinivasan Gayathri , Williamson Elizabeth A. , Kong Kimi , Jaiswal Aruna S. , Huang Guangcun , Kim Hyun-Suk , Schärer Orlando , Zhao Weixing , Burma Sandeep , Sung Patrick , Hromas Robert 
Published: August 2019

Significance
One origin of cancer arises from defects in the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway, which results in oncogenic genomic instability. Normal cells prefer HR for repair of stressed replication forks because it is highly conservative. The back-up pathway for repair of stressed replication forks, alternative non-homologous end-joining (aNHEJ), can result in chromosomal instability. Normal cells use microRNA (miR) 223-3p to down-regulate aNHEJ and thus promote HR, which protects genomic stability. However, those cancers that arise from inherited or acquired defects in HR components, such as the BRCA1 breast and ovarian cancers, silence miR223-3p to enhance aNHEJ repair of stressed replication forks. Reconstituting expression of miR223-3p in these cancers causes synthetic lethality, and is a potential therapeutic modality.
The complexity of farmworkers’ livelihoods in Zimbabwe after the Fast Track Land Reform: experiences from a farm in Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
Authors: Kudzai Chiweshe Manase , Chabata Takunda 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The Fast Track Land Reform programme in Zimbabwe was one of the largest land redistribution exercises in the world. The programme had varying impacts on the diverse rural population, leading to a binary projection of winners and losers. The authors use a micro case study of former farmworkers in Chinhoyi to highlight how this particular group has fared since 2000. The authors’ interest is in understanding how the programme impacted on the farmworkers’ livelihoods and how they have responded to the changing agrarian structure. The authors focus on the bulk of the permanent farmworkers on the A2 farms who remained in the farm compounds where they offered to work for the new black farm owners. Using qualitative methodology, this study assesses the fragile patterns of livelihoods for the resident farmworkers. The vast majority of these workers did not get land during the land reform programme, thus their livelihoods in large part derive from the labour they sell to their new employers. This livelihood option however remains limited, ephemeral and unreliable.
Contested histories and contested land claims: traditional authorities and the Fast Track Land Reform programme in Zimbabwe, 2000–2017
Authors: Dande Innocent , Mujere Joseph 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
This article analyses conflicts among traditional authorities over ancestral lands, and boundaries during and in the aftermath of Zimbabwe’s Fast Track Land Reform programme (FTLRP). It argues that the FTLRP gave a fresh impetus to conflicts over land and boundaries among traditional authorities as they sought to recast their authority into areas from which they were displaced during the colonial period. It further argues that land claims in the post-FTLRP period were often entangled with contestations over history and legitimacy as rival groups made use of oral traditions and archives to bolster their claims. Most of these struggles over land ended up being decided in the country’s court system. Overall, the article argues that struggles over land claims in the post-FTLRP period have largely ended up being struggles over versions of the history of land ownership and colonial displacements.
4-O-methylascochlorin stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in a manner different from hydroxylase inhibition by iron chelating or substrate competition
Authors: Magae Junji , Furukawa Chiharu , Kuwahara Shigefumi , Jeong Yun-Jeong , Nakajima Hiroo , Chang Young-Chae 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that plays essential roles in human diseases including cancer. The synthetic ascochlorin derivative 4-O-methylascochlorin stabilizes HIF-1α protein, and activates its transcriptional activity, resulting to induce gene expression of its downstream targets such as VEGF and GLUT-1. Here, we quantified protein level of HIF-1α in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells treated with ascochlorin-related compounds and typical HIF-1α stabilizers to characterize properties of HIF-1α stabilization by 4-O-methylascochlorin. Structure–activity relationship studies suggested that the aromatic moiety and hydrophobic substitution of the 4′-hydroxyl group are important for HIF-1α stabilization by ascochlorin-related compounds. 4-O-Methylascochlorin-induced HIF-1α stabilization was suppressed by ascorbic acid and compound C, but not by Fe(II), whereas ascorbic acid only suppressed HIF-1α stabilization by dimethyloxaloylglycine, an analog of the HIF-1 hydroxylase substrate. Fe(II) completely suppressed iron chelator-induced stabilization. These results suggest that ascochlorin-related compounds stabilize HIF-1α in a manner distinct from iron chelating or substrate competition.
Electronic cigarette exposure reduces exercise performance and changes the biochemical profile of female mice
Authors: Chen Yi-Ming , Huang Chi-Chang , Sung Hsin-Ching , Lee Mon-Chien , Hsiao Chien-Yu 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Electronic cigarette(s) (EC) becoming a preferred replacement for nicotine delivery among many smokers in recent years. However, the effect of EC on human health is inconclusive due to a lack of empirical research investigating EC-induced health hazard or benefit. In this study, we examine the effect of vapor produced by EC on exercise performance and health-related profiles in a mouse model. Female ICR mice were divided into five groups (n = 6 per group) and exposed for 14 days. Our results indicate that EC exposure leads to dose-dependent decrease in the grip strength and swimming time of the mice. The EC-treated groups also showed a dose-dependent decrease in liver and muscle glycogen storage. In addition, EC treatment had no negative effect on levels of biochemical indices. We also did not detect any adverse effect or gross abnormalities on the morphology of the major organs.
Quantum kinetic perturbation theory for near-integrable spin chains with weak long-range interactions
Authors: Duval Clément , Kastner Michael 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
For a transverse-field Ising chain with weak long-range interactions we develop a perturbative scheme, based on quantum kinetic equations, around the integrable nearest-neighbour model. We introduce, discuss, and benchmark several truncations of the time evolution equations up to eighth order in the Jordan–Wigner fermionic operators. The resulting set of differential equations can be solved for lattices with O(102) sites and facilitates the computation of spin expectation values and correlation functions to high accuracy, at least for moderate timescales. We use this scheme to study the relaxation dynamics of the model, involving prethermalisation and thermalisation. The techniques developed here can be generalised to other spin models with weak integrability-breaking terms.
An analysis of students’ literacy ability in mathematics teaching with realistic mathematics education based on lesson study for learning community
Authors: Rohman Syaifur , Susanto  , Hobri  , Saiful  , Sahnawi  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The aims of this research is to explore students’ literation abilities descriptively and teacher’s response in Math instruction of lesson study for learning community based realistic mathematics education. Literation ability is the ability of the individual to form, use, and interpret mathematics in various contexts. Realistic mathematics education aims to present the real world context to students. The research subjects were 29 seventh grade students of MTs Ma’arif Ambulu. The descriptive approach of qualitative method becomes a choice to understand literation ability and teachers’ response. Data collection was done by observation, PISA test questions, student and teacher interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was using the theory of induction and reduction. The results of the research showed that the students were positively responding to this approach. The ratios of mathematical literacy ability based on the total students respectively were 44.83% on level 4 and 31.03% on level 5, and 24.14% on level 3. The teacher’s response showed that this approach could change the atmosphere to be more active between the teacher and the students as well as the students with their fellow. The teacher could optimize his role; recognize his weakness through reflection with the team so that he had the opportunity to prepare the next strategy to improve quality.
Analysis of students’ attitudes towards implementation of geogebra-assisted missouri mathematics project
Authors: Rosyid Abdul , Umbara Uba 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article aims to examine in depth the students’ attitudes towards the implementation of Geogebra-assisted Missouri Mathematics Project. This research was conducted at junior high school 4 Kuningan. This study uses a survey method. In this study, the survey was conducted on 31 students who obtained the GeoGebra-assisted Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model using a Likert scale questionnaire consisting of 20 statement items. Furthermore, students’ attitude questionnaire data was analyzed in quantitative descriptive and a priori calculations for use in interpreting the research data later. The results of the students’ attitudes data analysis showed the average percentage of respondents’ answers as a whole was 66.59%. It means that most students have a positive attitude towards learning from the GeoGebra-assisted Missouri Mathematics Project. The results of the attitude data analysis also showed that the average students’ attitude was 3.12 greater than the neutral attitude of 2.5. It means that students have a positive attitude towards GeoGebra-assisted Missouri Mathematics Project. From the various analyzes, the results of the study showed that students have a positive attitude towards the implementation of GeoGebra-assisted Missouri Mathematics Project.