bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As principais abordagens de ensino para o surdo: e a valorização da cultura dos surdos
Authors: Barros Hellenvivivan de Alcântara , Alves Francisco Regis Vieira 
Published: June 2019

A presente pesquisa, baseada em análise bibliográfica, investigou as principais abordagens de ensino do surdo e a valorização da cultura dos surdos. O Oralismo, a Comunicação total e o Bilinguismo são as abordagens de ensino que mais influenciaram e ainda influência a concepção sobre o sujeito surdo, a língua de sinais e a cultura surda. Na abordagem oralista o foco era fazer os estudantes a oralizar, tornando-os parecidos com os ouvintes. A língua de sinais era terminantemente proibida. As salas de aulas era um espaço de habilitação/ reabilitação para aquisição da fala e leitura labial, havendo pouco ensino de conteúdo escolar. O fracasso educacional ocasionado pelo uso desse método gerou descontentamento e consequentemente abertura para o surgimento do método conhecido como Comunicação Total. Nesta abordagem o estudante era estimulado a fazer uso de gestos, mímicas, línguas de sinais, oralizar, de aparelhos auditivos. Mesmo havendo valorização da comunicação desses sujeitos, o uso do referido método não foi suficiente para reverter o fracasso educacional dos estudantes surdos. Foi a partir desses resultados que as pesquisas sobre a língua de sinais foi se consolidando e dando origem uma nova abordagem de ensino conhecida como Bilinguismo. Esta abordagem defende que a língua de sinais é a primeira língua do surdo e sua aquisição indispensável para construção da identidade desse sujeito. Dessa forma estas discussões têm como objetivo geral apresentar as principais abordagens de ensino voltadas na educação do surdo e qual trabalham na valorização da cultura desses sujeitos.
Giant Protostellar Flares: Accretion-driven Accumulation and Reconnection-driven Ejection of Magnetic Flux in Protostars
Authors: Takasao Shinsuke , Tomida Kengo , Iwasaki Kazunari , Suzuki Takeru K. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Protostellar flares are rapid magnetic energy release events associated with the formation of hot plasma in protostars. In the previous models of protostellar flares, the interaction between a protostellar magnetosphere with the surrounding disk plays crucial role in building-up and releasing the magnetic energy. However, it remains unclear if protostars indeed have magnetospheres because vigorous disk accretion and strong disk magnetic fields in the protostellar phase may destroy the magnetosphere. Considering this possibility, we investigate the energy accumulation and release processes in the absence of a magnetosphere using a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation. Our simulation reveals that protostellar flares are repeatedly produced even in such a case. Unlike in the magnetospheric models, the protostar accumulates magnetic energy by acquiring large-scale magnetic fields from the disk by accretion. Protostellar flares occur when a portion of the large-scale magnetic fields are removed from the protostar as a result of magnetic reconnection. Protostellar flares in the simulation are consistent with observations; the released magnetic energy (up to ∼3 × 1038 erg) is large enough to drive observed flares, and the flares produce hot ejecta. The expelled magnetic fields enhance accretion, and the energy build-up and release processes are repeated as a result. The magnetic flux removal via reconnection leads to redistribution of magnetic fields in the inner disk. We therefore consider that protostellar flares will play an important role in the evolution of the disk magnetic fields in the vicinity of protostars.
Intrapreneurial orientation in small and medium-sized enterprises: An exploration at the employee level
Authors: Schachtebeck Chris , Groenewald Darelle , Nieuwenhuizen Cecile 
Published: June 2019

Orientation: The South African economy and, in particular, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have shown uninspiring performance, reflected in low levels of job creation, worryingly low levels of total early-stage entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial employee activity (EEA). As SMEs are the innovation and growth engine of an economy, the poor EEA levels (0.7%) indicate lacklustre levels of innovation and intrapreneurial activity.Research purpose: This study aims to fill the void by assessing the effect of intrapreneurial orientation (IO) at the employee level on internal SME growth.Motivation for the study: Despite this bleak outlook, to date no study has attempted to determine the influence of an IO on SME growth metrics.Research design, approach and method: The study is quantitative in nature, using an adapted questionnaire and employing a random sampling approach. Data were analysed by means of factor, correlation and regression analyses. A total of 290 responses were received from SME employees across South Africa.Main findings: The empirical study showed that only risk-taking, innovativeness, personal control, self-esteem and certain managerial factors positively relate to the growth of an SME.Practical/managerial implications: The findings provide insights for managers within SMEs on improving employee entrepreneurial activity and growth rates, by means of focusing on growth-supportive IO interventions.Contribution/value-add: The findings of this research are beneficial to academia and industry as the framework and measuring instrument offer additional insights into IO within SMEs.
Effect of gestational weight gain on insulin resistance mediated by serum adipokine concentrations in advanced maternal age
Authors: Dong Beibei , Sun Jinfang , Zhi Mengmeng , Han Manman , Lin Hao , Yu Hong , Li Ling 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionWith the implementation of the universal two-child policy, the number of pregnant women of advanced maternal age (AMA) will increase steadily. We aimed to investigate whether the effect of gestational weight gain on insulin resistance (IR) before delivery was mediated by serum adipokine concentrations in AMA.Material and methodsThis cross-sectional study included 80 pregnant women of AMA recruited consecutively before delivery from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between August 2016 and July 2017. At delivery, maternal weight during the third trimester was recorded and serum adipokines were measured. IR was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment 2 (HOMA2) method.ResultsWeight gain (WG) during the third trimester was positively associated with serum leptin concentrations (r = 0.34, p = 0.0018) and HOMA-IR indices (r = 0.25, p = 0.025), but not related with serum concentration of adiponectin (r = 0.12, p = 0.28). WG during the third trimester and serum concentration of leptin were independently associated with the level of HOMA-IR by multivariate analysis. Subsequently, according to mediation analysis, the association between WG during the third trimester and HOMA-IR mediated by serum leptin concentrations was statistically significant (z = 1.588, p < 0.05).ConclusionsTaken together, our findings suggest that the relationship between WG during the third trimester and IR was mediated by serum leptin concentrations in AMA, but not serum adiponectin concentrations.
Salidroside regulates imbalance of Th17/Treg
and promotes ischemic tolerance by targeting STAT-3 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Yin Lele , Ouyang Dongyun , Lin Lihong , Xin Xiufeng , Ji Yuhua 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionThe balance between Th17 and Treg cells controls the immune response and is an important regulator of helper T cells acting on autoimmune diseases. Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury can induce imbalance of Th17/Treg cells in the brain and the peripheral immune system of rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of salidroside (Sal) on the ratio of Th17 and Treg cells in an adult rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).Material and methodsForty rats were divided into 4 groups: normal group, sham group, surgery group, and Sal group. After treatment, the neurological deficits in rats were evaluated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and the count of Th17 and Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry. The infarct size and expression of RORt and Foxp3 were detected in rat brain tissue. Rat spleen cells were isolated, CD4+ T cells were purified by immunomagnetic beads. Treg cells were induced by adding cytokine TGF-. Th17 cells were induced by adding cytokine IL-6. The expression of STAT-3 was inhibited by SiRNA, and the effect of Sal on the differentiation of Th17/Treg cells was analyzed. The expression levels of IL-6, TNF-, MCP-1, STAT-3 and NF--B2 proteins were examined.ResultsThe results show that MCAO can induce an imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood of rats. Sal treatment can significantly reduce the neurological deficit and infarct size of MCAO rats, reverse the oxidative stress of rat brain tissue, and inhibit the apoptosis of brain cells in MCAO rats. In the brain tissue of MCAO rats, Sal could significantly inhibit the expression of IL-6, TNF-, MCP-1, STAT-3 and NF--B2. Down-regulation of STAT-3 significantly reversed the therapeutic effects of Sal treatment.ConclusionsOur results indicate that Sal can increase the tolerance of rat brain tissue to ischemia, inhibit cell apoptosis and reduce oxidative stress by targeting STAT-3.
Textos revisados: Educación en la Araucanía: el mirar de los niños y niñas sobre sí mismos; Politiques de genre et féminisme dans le Chili de la post-dictadure (1990-2010); Reseña "The body multiple: ontology in medical practice; entre otros.
Authors: Chilena de Salud Pública Revista 
Published: June 2019

Textos revisados: Educación en la Araucanía: el mirar de los niños y niñas sobre sí mismos (Williamson C. Guillermo), por María Inés de la Fuente; Politiques de genre et féminisme dans le Chili de la post-dictadure (1990-2010) (Forstenzer N.), por Mariela Ávila; Reseña "The body multiple: ontology in medical practice, por Jorge Pacheco;Desigualdades territoriales y exclusión social del pueblo mapuche en Chile: sitaución de la comuna de Ercilla desde un enfoque de derechos (CEPAL-ATM), por Yuri Carvajal; Twelve patientes (Manheimer E.), por Miguel Kottow; El ensamblaje de ciencia social y sociedad: conocimiento cientìfico, gobierno de las conductas y producción de lo social (Claudio Ramos Zincke), por Yuri Carvajal.
Participación social en salud: ¿qué rumbo tomar en municipios de chiapas?
Authors: Trujillo Laura , Villafañe Sofía , García Néstor 
Published: June 2019

Se parte de reconocer la ambigüedad teórica e ideológica del concepto Participación Social en Salud; asimismo el recrudecimiento de las adversas condiciones de vida y su impacto sobre la salud, particularmente en contextos de alta marginación en Chiapas, México. Con el objetivo de describir las características de participación de las mujeres en dos municipios de alta marginación, se aplicó una encuesta probabilística en 10 localidades de Oxchucy, San Lucas. Se usó un instrumento con preguntas abiertas y cerradas, aplicado mediante entrevista domiciliaria a mujeres (n =638). Se identificaron las posibilidades de intervención de las mujeres en la toma de decisiones relativas a salud; tanto en el espacio público como en el ámbito doméstico. La información procede de mujeres adultas, la mayoría se dice unida (87,5% y 82%, respectivamente) en San Lucas y Oxchuc, pero no todas viven con la pareja; tienen 5 hijos y 3,5 años de escolaridad, en promedio. La participación que las mujeres refieren tener en el espacio público es mínima, como asistentes sin derecho a voto en reuniones de las unidades médicas; en el ámbito privado únicamente las más jóvenes refieren compartir alguna vez la toma de decisiones sobre aspectos relacionados con la vida y salud propia y de los hijos/as. Se discuten las alternativas para superar la deficitaria participación de mujeres y hombres en la toma de decisiones que afectan a la vida comunitaria, que potencialmente contribuirían al mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida y salud de los habitantes de municipios marginados en Chiapas.
Representación gráfica de información multivariante: aplicación al sistema de salud de Chile (2010)
Authors: Schiattino Irene , Silva Claudio 
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: Divulgar entre los investigadores en salud pública algunas propuestas de gráficos estadísticos multivariantes, tales como las caras de Chernoff, los gráficos de estrella, las curvas de Andrews y gráficos de radar. Material y método: Los gráficos estadísticos multivariantes propuestos son aplicados para describir los Sistemas de Salud Públicos de Chile, año 2010, (n=29) en base a información cuantitativa de dimensión p=7; ellos son procesados usando software estadísticos standard como R, STATA y SAS. Resultados: La descripción de los 29 Sistemas de Salud Públicos de Chile en base a información cuantitativa de dimensión siete, representados en cada uno de los gráficos multivariantes exhibidos, permite determinar conglomerados, estándares y tendencias. Conclusiones: La disponibilidad de eficientes software estadísticos sugiere complementar las indispensables estrategias de análisis exploratorio de nuestra información con representaciones gráficas adecuadas al contexto multidimensional que pueden ayudar a alcanzar una mejor comprensión del problema de interés. La síntesis gráfica generada por la aplicación de gráficos estadísticos multivariantes para describir los Sistemas de Salud Públicos de Chile complementa nuestro conocimiento de este aspecto de la realidad nacional, puede sugerir algunas hipótesis, refutar otras y ayudar en la interpretación de resultados complejos. Naturalmente esto es extensible a muchas otras situaciones de interés para el investigador salubrista.
Incertae Sedis
I
.
F
odinicola
Authors: Schumann Peter , Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Fodinicola
(Fo.di.ni'co.la. L. fem. n.
fodina
a pit, mine; L. suff.
‐cola
from L. masc. or fem. n.
incola
dweller; N.L. masc. n.
Fodinicola
a mine dweller).

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Frankiales / Cryptosporangiaceae / Incertae Sedis I. Fodinicola

The genus
Fodinicola
is currently represented by the only species
Fodinicola feengrottensis
. Cells are filamentous with a branched substrate mycelium and sparse‐to‐abundant white aerial mycelium. The aerial hyphae break up into irregular rod‐like elements. Gram‐positive. Spores are not formed. Nonmotile. Aerobic metabolism. Good growth on complex organic media at 20–30°C. Oxidase‐negative, catalase‐positive. The cell‐wall peptidoglycan contains meso‐A2pm, alanine, glycine, and glutamic acid. The muramic acid in the peptidoglycan is
N
‐acetylated. The cell‐wall sugars are xylose and minor amounts of an unknown compound. The predominant menaquinones are MK‐9(H4), MK‐9(H6), and MK‐9(H8). The polar lipids comprise diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and several unknown phospholipids and glycolipids together with unidentified ninhydrin‐positive compounds. Mycolic acids are absent. The cellular fatty acid profile is characterized by the predominance of C16:0 iso, 10‐methyl C17:0, C17:1 cis9, 10‐methyl C18:0 iso, and C17:0. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the genus is closely related to the genus
Cryptosporangium
and placed in the family
Cryptosporangiaceae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 65 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Fodinicola feengrottensis
Carlsohn, Groth, Saluz Schumann and Stackebrandt 2008, 1534
VP
.
A
lgibacter
Authors: Nedashkovskaya Olga I. , Kim Song‐Gun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Al.gi.bac'ter
. L. fem. n.
alga
seaweed; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
rod; N.L. masc. n.
Algibacter
rod isolated from seaweed.

Bacteroidetes / Flavobacteriia / Flavobacteriales / Flavobacteriaceae / Algibacter

The genus
Algibacter,
a member of the family
Flavobacteriaceae
, was proposed by Nedashkovskaya et al. in 2004 to accommodate Gram‐negative, facultatively anaerobic, gliding, and oxidase‐positive bacteria. The close phylogenetic relatives of the genus
Algibacter
are members of the family
Flavobacteriaceae
such as
Arenitalea, Changchengzhania, Flaviramulus, Gaetbulibacter, Litoribaculum, Mariniflexile, Postechiella, Sabulilitoribacter
, and
Tamlana
with sequence similarity ranges 94.9–97.1, 93.7–96.0, 93.3–96.4, 93.1–96.9, 92.3–96.1, 92–95.5, 93.9–95.6, 94.2–96.6, and 92.1–96.8%, respectively. On marine agar, colonies of the majority
Algibacter
species are regular, round, low convex, shiny, and yellow or orange pigmented. Growth occurs with 0–8% NaCl, at pH 5.0–11.0, and at 0–55°C. The optimal growth is observed at 15–28°C, at pH 7.0–8.0, and with 0.5–3% NaCl.
Algibacter
strains cannot hydrolyze chitin and urea. The predominant cellular fatty acids of the known members of the genus
Algibacter
are iso‐C
15:0
(4.7–34.4%), iso‐C
15:1
G (5.0–22.8%), iso‐C
15:0
3‐OH (4.5–16.7%), and iso‐C
17:0
3‐OH (3.1–16.9%). The major respiratory quinone is MK‐6. The main polar lipid is phosphatidylethanolamine. At the time of writing, the genus
Algibacter
comprised 14 validly described species that were isolated from the different marine environments including seawater, sediments, seaweeds, and echinoderms. The type species of the genus is
Algibacter lectus
. The
Algibacter
species share 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ranging from 94.2 to 99.4% to one another. The DNA–DNA relatedness between the type strains of the
Algibacter
species is 15–34%.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 30–41 (
T
m,
HPLC and genome sequence).

Type species
:
Algibacter lectus
Nedashkovskaya, Kim, Han, Rhee, Lysenko, Rohde, Zhukova, Frolova, Mikhailov and Bae 2004, 1260
VP
.
Haloarcula
Authors: Ventosa Antonio , de la Haba Rafael R. , Sánchez‐Porro Cristina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHa.lo.ar'cu.la. Gr. n.hals, halossalt; L. fem. n.arculasmall box; N.L. fem. n.Haloarculasalt (‐requiring) small box.Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Haloarculaceae / HaloarculaThe genusHaloarculais classified within the familyHaloarculaceaeand the orderHalobacteriales, in the classHalobacteria. The cells are rods to pleomorphic (triangles, squares, and irregular disks) and stain Gram‐negative. Colonies are red to red‐orange or red‐pink pigmented. They are neutrophilic (optimal growth at pH 7.0–7.5) and extremely halophilic Archaea, growing in media containing 1.7–5.2 M NaCl. Polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP‐Me), phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS), and characteristically the glycolipid glucosyl–mannosyl–glucosyl diether (TGD‐2). The DNA G + C range is 60.1–65 mol%. Currently, the genus includes nine species:Haloarcula vallismortis(type species of the genus),Haloarcula amylolytica,Haloarcula argentinensis,Haloarcula hispanica,Haloarcula japonica,Haloarcula marismortui,Haloarcula quadrata,Haloarcula salaria, andHaloarcula tradensis. The strains of these species were isolated from salt lakes, salterns, saline soils, and salt samples.DNA G+C content (mol%): 60.1–65 (the DNA may contain a major and a minor component).Type species:Haloarcula vallismortis(Gonzalez, Gutierrez and Ramirez 1978) Torreblanca, Rodriguez‐Valera, Juez, Ventosa, Kamekura and Kates 1986b, 573VP(Effective publication: Torreblanca, Rodriguez‐Valera, Juez, Ventosa, Kamekura and Kates 1986a, 98; basonym:Halobacterium vallismortisGonzalez, Gutierrez and Ramirez 1978, 710).
Methanospirillum
Authors: Zhou Liguang , Dong Xiuzhu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractN.L. neut. n.methanummethane; Gr. n.speiraspiral; N.L. neut. n.Methanospirillummethane (‐producing) spiral.Euryarchaeota / Methanomicrobiales / Methanomicrobiales / Methanospirillaceae / MethanospirillumThe genusMethanospirillumcomprises hydrogenotrophic methanogens that use H2/CO2as the primary substrate to produce methane. Some species also use formate or secondary alcohols + CO2. Cells are curved rods surrounded by an S‐layer protein and a sheath that can make the filaments extend to hundred micrometers. Optimal growth is achieved for most species at mesophilic temperatures and in neutrophilic environments, but a few species tolerate cold even growing at 4°C. Currently, the genusMethanospirillumhas four species and is the only genus of the familyMethanospirillaceaeaffiliated with the orderMethanomicrobiales. The four species are isolated from anaerobic waste treatment systems and wetland soils.DNA G + C content (mol%): 40–49.5.Type species:Methanospirillum hungateiFerry, Smith and Wolfe 1974, 469AL.
B
ryobacter
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Bry.o.bac'ter. Gr. neut. n.
bryon
moss; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
a short rod; N.L. masc. n.
Bryobacter
rod‐shaped moss‐associated bacterium.

Acidobacteria / Acidobacteriia / Bryobacterales / Bryobacteraceae / Bryobacter

The genus
Bryobacter
accommodates acidotolerant, strictly aerobic, slow‐growing chemoorganotrophic bacteria, which inhabit acidic wetlands and soils. The only currently described species of this genus,
Bryobacter aggregatus
, was isolated from boreal
Sphagnum
peat bogs. Cells of these acidobacteria are Gram‐negative, non‐spore‐forming, nonmotile, short rods, or coccoids that reproduce by binary fission. Cells occur singly or in aggregates. On solid media, form very small, nonpigmented colonies. These mesophilic bacteria utilize sugars, some heteropolysaccharides, as well as galacturonic and glucuronic acids, which are released during decomposition of
Sphagnum
moss. Major fatty acids are iso‐C
15
:0
, C
16
:0
, and C
16
:1
ω7
c
; the cells also contain significant amounts of 13,16‐dimethyl octacosanedioic acid. The predominant quinones are MK‐9 and MK‐10. Members of the class
Acidobacteriia
, order
Bryobacterales
, family
Bryobacteraceae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58.0.

Type species
:
Bryobacter aggregatus
Kulichevskaya, Suzina, Liesack and Dedysh 2010, 304
VP
.
S
alisaeta
Authors: Oren Aharon 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Sa.li.sae'ta
. L. neut. n.
sal
,
salis
, salt; L. fem. n.
saeta
, a bristle; N.L. fem. n.
Salisaeta
, a salt bristle.

Bacteroidota / Rhodothermia / Rhodothermales / Salinibacteraceae / Salisaeta

The genus
Salisaeta
(family
Salinibacteraceae
, order
Rhodothermales
, class
Rhodothermia
) contains a single species of Gram stain‐negative, nonmotile, and very long (up to 30 µm) rod‐shaped cells. Colonies are red due to the presence of carotenoids. The single species,
Salisaeta longa
, is a mesophilic halophile: it requires at least 0.85 M NaCl, and optimal growth is achieved at 1.7 M NaCl + 0.25 M MgCl
2
at neutral pH. It is an aerobic chemoorganotroph that grows on amino acids; growth is stimulated by some sugars. The polar lipids include unusual sulfonolipids (halocapnines).
Salisaeta longa
was isolated from an experimental mesocosm filled with a mixture of water from the Dead Sea and the Red Sea. Related strains were found in solar salterns and hypersaline intertidal flats.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 62.9–63.5.

Type species
:
Salisaeta longa
Vaisman and Oren 2009, 2573
VP
.