bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propeller thrust force contribution to airplane longitudinal stability
Authors: Milenković-Babić Miodrag 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present the new information about propeller thrust force contribution to airplane longitudinal stability analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
The method presented in this paper is empirical, shows how propeller thrust force derivative can be obtained and gives some additional information about misinterpretation of the propeller thrust effects that are present in the current literature.

Findings
New information about propeller thrust force contribution to airplane longitudinal stability analysis has been presented. This information should enable more precise insight in aircraft stability analysis and better understanding of the physical process that occurs during maneuver flight.

Practical implications
The information presented in this paper is new and specific to the propeller aircraft configuration. The methods used here are standard procedure to evaluating propeller thrust force derivative.

Originality/value
The information in this paper presents theoretical results. The method for calculating thrust force contribution to the airplane longitudinal stability is given depending on the propeller type and should enable good engineering results.
Leadership and public financial management reforms in Jamaica
Authors: Gatchair Sonia D. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the utility of complex adaptive leadership to public financial management reforms in Jamaica and provide insights to advance theoretical perspectives on leadership in public organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is qualitative and adopts a case study approach with data collected using document analyses and interviews.

Findings
The study highlights that leaders need to both drive and respond to directional forces and environmental pressures, which require them to balance or oscillate between leader and follower roles, and even demonstrate both simultaneously in order to achieve change successfully.

Practical implications
In developing states faced with technical and adaptive challenges, the inputs of followers assume greater importance as they are integral to innovation and flexibility needed for problem solving. Communication, negotiation, bargaining and teamwork are critical skills that must be included in the repertoire of leadership and followership training.

Originality/value
The study connects leadership to pubic finance, fiscal decision-making, and reforms to public fiscal systems in a small developing state, Jamaica. The paper highlights that increased attention to the context is necessary, especially in participatory democracies, which demand responsiveness to powerful or influential interests, reduce autonomy and give rise to unclear organizational boundaries and hierarchies. It establishes a nexus between adaptive leadership and social identity theories, which demonstrate the emergence, contribution, and importance of group identities to distributed leadership. The roles of leadership and followership can interchange, which increases the fluidity and dynamism of the leadership process.
Team based communication and the healthcare communication space
Authors: Cornett Janet Alexandra , Kuziemsky Craig 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
While previous studies have described structural, process and social aspects of the healthcare communication space there is no overall model of it. Such a model is an essential first step to improving the operationalization and management of healthcare communication. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper used a case study approach to study team-based communication on a palliative care unit. Non-participant observation, interviews and documents were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings
The analysis developed an overall model of the healthcare communication space that consists of five stages: purpose, practices and workflows, structures, implementation, and the development of common ground to support team-based communication. The authors’ findings emphasized that implicit communication remains a predominant means of communication and workflow issues at the individual level are a frequent cause of unnecessary group communication tasks.

Originality/value
To improve team-based communication we first need to develop protocols that support team communication needs such as loop closing of group communication tasks in order to minimize unnecessary individual communication tasks. We also need to develop common ground at the protocol, document and terminology levels as part of supporting team-based communication.
Unintended habitat loss on private land from grazing restrictions on public rangelands
Authors: Runge Claire A. , Plantinga Andrew J. , Larsen Ashley E. , Naugle David E. , Helmstedt Kate J. , Polasky Stephen , Donnelly J. Patrick , Smith Joseph T. , Lark Tyler J. , Lawler Joshua J. , Martinuzzi Sebastian , Fargione Joe 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Management of public lands, and who should have access to them, is often contentious. Most ranches in the western US rely upon seasonal grazing access to public lands, and conflict over biodiversity management has led to proposals to restrict grazing access on public lands. We evaluate whether grazing restrictions on public rangelands could have the unintended effect of increasing the conversion of private rangeland to cropland, causing habitat loss for sage‐grouse, a species of conservation concern.

Using a model parameterized with empirical observations of land use change and ranch versus cropland profitability, we explore how changes to public lands grazing policy could affect ranch profitability and consequently land use on private lands across the western US.

We predict that restricting grazing of public lands by 50% would result in the loss of an additional 171,400 ha of sage‐grouse habitat on private lands by 2050, on top of the 842,000 ha predicted to be lost under business as usual. Most of this conversion would affect sage‐grouse mesic habitat, 75% of which occurs on private land and is vital to the species during brood rearing. Under such policy changes, we estimate that an additional 105,700 ha (3.24%) of sage‐grouse mesic habitat held on private land in the study region would be directly lost by 2050, and the cumulative area affected by fragmentation would be much higher.

By considering the human and ecological links between public and private land, we show that attempts to improve habitat on public lands via grazing restrictions could result in greater system‐wide fragmentation of sage‐grouse habitat from unintended habitat loss on private lands.

Synthesis and applications. Policy interventions on public lands can affect private landholders. Landholders' responses can result in unintended consequences, both for habitat on private land and community support for conservation. Restricting grazing on US public lands is likely to increase habitat loss on private lands and reduce community support for sage grouse conservation. Policy that manages resources on public lands while also supporting sustainable, economically viable ranching operations on private lands is a promising approach to maximizing sage grouse habitat.
Importance of functional classification in the use of carabids for the environmental risk assessment of the GE crops and other agricultural practices
Authors: Svobodová Zdeňka , Skoková Habuštová Oxana , Spitzer Lukáš , Sehnal František 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCarabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) seem to be suitable bioindicators of the environmental impacts of novel agrotechnologies, including deployment of the genetically engineered (GE) crops. In this article, we describe our effort to employ carabids in the environmental risk assessment (ERA). GE maize MON88017, its near‐isogenic hybrid nontreated or treated with the soil insecticide chlorpyrifos, and two reference hybrids were used to compare three different ways how to utilize carabids in ERA. The analysis of abundance of all captured carabids or of the most abundant carabid species did not disclose any differences between the treatments. The analysis based on the categories of functional traits revealed distinct features of some treatments and proved suitable for ERA because it permitted field data transportability in spite of different species compositions. Our results indicate that GE maize has no detrimental environmental effect. On the other hand, we found significant trends toward lower abundance and lower species number (including analysis of all carabid species together) in plots treated with the insecticide, and some tendencies to higher abundance and higher species number in plots sown with the reference hybrid PR38N86. Using functional group indicators allows identification of unintended changes in ecological functions of agroecosystem and comparability across geographies. We recommend data evaluation at the level of the categories of functional traits in ERA of GE crops and other agricultural practices.
International consensus statement on the peri‐operative management of direct oral anticoagulants in cardiac surgery
Authors: Erdoes G. , Martinez Lopez De Arroyabe B. , Bolliger D. , Ahmed A. B. , Koster A. , Agarwal S. , Boer C. , von Heymann C. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryDespite current recommendations on the management of severe peri‐operative bleeding, there is no pragmatic guidance for the peri‐operative monitoring and management of cardiac surgical patients taking direct oral anticoagulants. Members of the Transfusion and Haemostasis Subcommittee of the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology, of their own volition, performed an independent systematic review of peer‐reviewed original research, review articles and case reports and developed the following consensus statement. This has been endorsed by the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology. In our opinion, most patients on direct oral anticoagulant therapy presenting for elective cardiac surgery can be safely managed in the peri‐operative period if the following conditions are fulfilled: direct oral anticoagulants have been discontinued two days before cardiac surgery, corresponding to five elimination half‐live periods; in patients with renal or hepatic impairment or a high risk of bleeding, a pre‐operative plasma level of direct oral anticoagulants has been determined and found to be below 30 ng.ml−1 (currently only valid for dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban). In cases where plasma level monitoring is not possible (e.g. assay was not available), discontinuation for 10 elimination half‐live periods (four days) is required. For FXa inhibitors, a standard heparin‐calibrated anti‐Xa level of < 0.1 IU.ml−1 should be measured, indicating sufficient reduction in the anticoagulant effect. Finally, short‐term bridging with heparin is not required in the pre‐operative period.
The seminiferous tubule caliber pattern as evaluated at high magnification during microdissection testicular sperm extraction predicts sperm retrieval in patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Caroppo E. , Colpi E. M. , Gazzano G. , Vaccalluzzo L. , Piatti E. , D'Amato G. , Colpi G. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundmicroTESE proved to be the gold standard surgical approach for patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA), but sperm retrieval rates (SRRs) vary considerably among centers. Some authors compared their SRRs with the pattern of seminiferous tubule caliber found at high magnification, but none provided diagnostic accuracy measures.ObjectiveThe present retrospective study sought to verify the diagnostic accuracy of the pattern of seminiferous tubule caliber in predicting the sperm retrieval in NOA patients.Materials and MethodsData from 143 infertile NOA men undergoing unilateral (64) or bilateral (79) microTESE (222 testes) were retrospectively evaluated. During microTESE, if present, dilated tubules (DTs) were retrieved, otherwise tubules with slightly larger caliber (SDT) (×24) than that of the surroundings were removed. When no DT or SDT were found, not dilated tubules (NDTs) were excised.ResultsSpermatozoa were retrieved in 95 of 222 testes (42.8%); sperm retrieval was successful in 90% of testes with DTs, in 47% of those with SDTs, and only in 7% of those with NDTs (p < 0.0001). Stepwise binary logistic regression revealed that the combination of seminiferous tubule pattern and testis histology was significantly predictive of SSR, being able to classify 86.8% of testes, with an excellent diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.93). The median number of spermatozoa retrieved was significantly higher in DTs compared with SDTs and NDTs.DiscussionThe results of the present study provide reliable accuracy measures in support of the relationship between seminiferous tubule caliber pattern and SSR in patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia. We are proposing for the first time that spermatozoa may be retrieved even from slightly dilated tubules in about half of cases. The pattern of tubules retrieved, together with histology, may represent an additional outcome measure of microTESE.ConclusionThe pattern of seminiferous tubules together with testis histology predicts sperm retrieval with an excellent diagnostic accuracy.
Perioperative management of laparoscopic surgery in a patient with protein S deficiency complications: A case report
Authors: Tashiro Jo , Fujii Manato , Watanabe Yasuo , Ichinose Yuki , Kudo Masayoshi , Takenaka Yoshiharu , Yamasaki Kazuki , Masaki Yukiyoshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPatients with protein S deficiency are prone to developing thrombosis. During laparoscopic surgery in patients with protein S deficiency, there is a risk of deep venous thromboembolism. In the present case, the patient was a 66‐year‐old man. He was diagnosed with colon cancer, and surgery was planned. Because of the presence of protein S deficiency, he required careful perioperative management for laparoscopic surgery. Surgery was successfully performed. On postoperative assessment, no thrombi were observed. Our approach of perioperative management might help in the treatment of patients with protein S deficiency.
For Humanistic Management and Against Economics
Authors: Wagner‐Tsukamoto Sigmund 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe paper critiques the relationship between personalist ethics and institutional economics, and accepts that institutional economics can be difficult to reconcile with humanistic management that builds on personalist ethics. Even so the paper connects impersonalist ethics with institutional economics. On this ground, the paper demonstrates how theory and practice of personalist humanist management can lean on impersonalist ethics, i.e., institutional economics. Three pathways are laid out for such leanings. It is argued that to understand these alignments is important to improve the success of humanistic management, when a market economy context is given. The paper further contends that personalist humanistic management may imply abandoning the market economy when it positions itself in opposition to institutional economic reasoning that underpins the market economy.
Secondary structures transition of tau protein with intrinsically disordered proteins specific force field
Authors: Dan Aohuan , Chen Hai‐Feng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicrotubule‐associated Tau protein plays a key role in assembling microtubule and modulating the functional organization of the neuron and developing axonal morphology, growth, and polarity. The pathological Tau can aggregate into cross‐beta amyloid as one of the hallmarks for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, one of the top priorities in AD research is to figure out the structural model of Tau aggregation and to screen the inhibitors. The latest generation intrinsically disordered protein specific force field ff14IDPSFF significantly improved the distributions of heterogeneous conformations for intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Here, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with three force fields of ff14SB, ff14IDPs, and ff14IDPSFF were employed to investigate the secondary structures transition of Tau (267–312) fragment. The results indicate that ff14IDPSFF can generate more heterogeneous conformers, and the predicted secondary structural distribution is closer to that of the experimental observation. In addition, predicted secondary chemical shifts from ff14IDPSFF are the most approach to those of experiment. Secondary structures transition kinetics for Tau(267–312) with ff14IDPSFF shows that the secondary structures were gradually transformed from α‐helix to β‐strand and the β‐strand located at the regions of the residues 274–280 and residues 305–311. Besides, the driving force for the secondary structures transition of Tau(267–312) is mainly hydrophobic interactions which located at hexa‐peptides 275VQIINK280 and 306VQIVYK311. Secondary structure transition of Tau protein can give insight into the aggregation mechanism for AD.
Snoring sound energy as a potential biomarker for disease severity and surgical response in childhood obstructive sleep apnoea: A pilot study
Authors: Lu Chun‐Ting , Li Hsueh‐Yu , Lee Guo‐She , Huang Yu‐Shu , Huang Chung‐Guei , Chen Ning‐Hung , Lee Li‐Ang 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between baseline snoring sound energy (SSE) and disease severity, changes in SSE after adenotonsillectomy, and the predictors of surgical success in children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary referral medical centre.ParticipantsThirty‐two children with OSA whose apnoea‐hypopnoea index ≥5 or apnoea‐hypopnoea index ≥1.5 with OSA comorbidities were recruited. Patients with complicated OSA were excluded. All participants underwent snoring sound analysis, polysomnography, and adenotonsillectomy.Main outcome measuresSnoring sound energy and apnoea‐hypopnoea index were assessed at baseline and 6 months after adenotonsillectomy. Surgical success was defined as a postoperative apnoea‐hypopnoea index <1.5.ResultsThe median age, body mass index, and apnoea‐hypopnoea index was 9 years, 19.0 kg/m2, and 13.2 events/h, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that a baseline tonsil size of IV (odds ratio 15.7 [95% CI: 1.5‐166.3]) and SSE of 801‐1000 Hz > 21.9 dB (odds ratio 32.3 [95% CI: 2.6‐396.6]) were significantly related to severe OSA. Following adenotonsillectomy, apnoea‐hypopnoea index decreased significantly (P < 0.001). SSE of 41‐200 Hz, 201‐400 Hz and 801‐1000 Hz also decreased significantly (P = 0.04, 0.01 and 0.006, respectively). Baseline SSE of 801‐1000 Hz < 8.5 dB significantly predicted surgical success (odds ratio 11.0 [95% CI: 1.4‐85.2]).ConclusionsOur findings suggest the potential utility of SSE of 801‐1000 Hz to screen for severe OSA, predict surgical success and assess therapeutic outcomes. Specific baseline SSE may represent a potential biomarker for childhood OSA.
A 20‐year observational cohort of a 5 million patient population—Tonsillectomy rates in the context of two national policy changes
Authors: Douglas Catriona M. , Altmyer Ursula , Cottom Laura , Young David , Redding Penelope , Clark Louise J. 
Published: September 2018

Aim(a) To report national trends for tonsillectomy, tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess and deep neck space infection in secondary care. (b) To report national trends in sore throat consultations in primary care. (c) To report national trends in antibiotic prescribing in both primary and secondary care between 2011 and 2015.DesignRetrospective nationwide cohort study. Data requested from Information Statistics Department (ISD) Scotland for tonsillectomy, tonsillitis admissions, peritonsillar abscess admissions and deep neck space infection (DNSI) admissions in Scotland, between 1993/94 and 2015/16. Data for antibiotic prescriptions in general practice and hospital admissions between 2011 and 2015.SettingScottish ENT departments and GP practices.ParticipantsScottish patients who underwent tonsillectomy or were admitted to hospital with tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess or deep neck space infection. Scottish patients that attended their GP with tonsillitis.ResultsTonsillectomy rates between 1993/94 and 2015/16 decreased by 48% (P < 0.001). Over the same time period, there has been a corresponding 136% increase in tonsillitis admission (P < 0.001) and a 167% increase in peritonsillar abscess admissions, (P < 0.001). Between 1996/97 and 2015/16, there was a 500% increase in deep neck space abscesses (P < 0.001).ConclusionThere has been a significant decrease in tonsillectomy rates over the past two decades. Over the same time period, there has been a significant increase in admissions to secondary care with tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess and deep neck space infection. These changes have happened in the context of two separate national policies being introduced—Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN) guidelines for management of sore throat and the Scottish Reduction in Antibiotic Prescribing.
Health‐related quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes participating in the LEADER trial
Authors: Nauck Michael A. , Buse John B. , Mann Johannes F. E. , Pocock Stuart , Bosch‐Traberg Heidrun , Frimer‐Larsen Helle , Ye Qing , Gray Alastair ,   LEADER Publication Committee for the LEADER Trial Investigators
Published: September 2018

AimsTo assess health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) participating in the LEADER cardiovascular outcomes trial using the five‐dimension European Quality of Life questionnaire (EQ‐5D).Materials and methodsThe EQ‐5D was administered every 12 months in a subset of patients from Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. We compared changes in utility index scores and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores from baseline to 36 months in participants treated with liraglutide and placebo. We also assessed which complications had the greatest impact on quality of life.ResultsAt 36 months, less deterioration in EQ‐5D utility index score was seen in the liraglutide group (−0.058) than in the placebo group (−0.082; estimated treatment difference [ETD] 0.023, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004;0.043; P = 0.020). A smaller decrease in EQ‐5D VAS score was also demonstrated in the liraglutide group (−3.51) vs. the placebo group (−5.45; ETD 1.94, 95% CI 0.32;3.57; P = 0.019). The benefits of liraglutide treatment compared with placebo were driven primarily by shifts in the domains of mobility and self‐care. The most influential events contributing to poorer HRQoL were stroke, heart failure, malignant neoplasm and confirmed hypoglycaemia.ConclusionsLiraglutide demonstrated a modest but significant benefit in patient‐reported health status using the EQ‐5D, compared with placebo. This benefit may be of clinical relevance and requires further study.