bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in the Design of Hypoxia‐Specific Nano Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sahu Abhishek , Choi Won Il , Tae Giyoong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHypoxia is a salient feature in many solid tumors and an important player in tumor growth and progression. Increasing evidence suggests hypoxia plays major roles in the angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance toward conventional cancer therapy treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. However, the exact reason that makes hypoxia a problem is also an opportunity for the development of new therapeutic modalities. The low oxygen level and highly reductive environment provide great options for stimuli‐sensitive drug release in a highly target‐specific manner. The use of nanoparticle‐based systems for hypoxia‐selective drug delivery is a relatively new but rapidly progressing research area. This report summarizes the recent trends and advances in the development of new hypoxia‐specific nanomedicines. The background, the current progress, and what could be done in the future to achieve greater success in cancer therapy are discussed.
Tuning the Intrinsic Nanotoxicity in Advanced Therapeutics
Authors: Wang Shuying , Li Fangyuan , Hu Xi , Lv Min , Fan Chunhai , Ling Daishun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe biological functions and toxic effects of nanomaterials are generally entangled. Various properties of nanomaterials that are beneficial for biomedical applications are also potentially toxic. Diverse nanosystems have been designed by systematically altering physicochemical properties to reverse the toxic effects of nanomaterials. In fact, the toxicity of nanomaterials can be regulated in advanced therapeutics via designed nanoscale engineering, which may open up a new direction of treatment with enhanced specificity and simplicity. In this progress report, the authors first discuss how the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials affect their toxic potential. The strategies for manipulating key factors underlying the toxicity at the nanolevel are then discussed. Finally, recent studies on transforming the inherent toxicity of nanomaterials into advanced therapeutic tools are highlighted.
Metal–Organic Framework Derived Honeycomb Co9S8@C Composites for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Shixiong , Luo Jiahuan , Qian Yong , Jin Yu , Liu Yi , Qiu Yuegang , Li Xiang , Fang Chun , Han Jiantao , Huang Yunhui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnique nanostructures always lead to extraordinary electrochemical energy storage performance. Here, the authors report a new strategy for using Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) derived cobalt sulfide in a carbon matrix with a 3D honeycombed porous structure, resulting in a high‐performance supercapacitor with unrivalled capacity of ≈1887 F g‐1 at the current density of 1 A g‐1. The honeycomb‐like structure of Co9S8@C composite is loosely adsorbed, with plentiful surface area and high conductivity, leading to improved Faradaic processes across the interface and enhanced redox reactions at active Co9S8 sites. Therefore, the heterostructure‐fabricated hybrid supercapacitor, using activated carbon as the counter electrode, demonstrates a high energy density of 58 Wh kg‐1 at the power density of 1000 W kg‐1. Even under an ultrahigh power density of 17 200 W kg‐1, its energy density maintains ≈38 Wh kg‐1. The hybrid supercapacitor also exhibits suitable cycling stability, with ≈90% capacity retention after 10 000 continuous cycles at the current density of 5 A g‐1. This work presents a practical method for using MOFs as sacrificial templates to synthesize metal‐sulfides for highly efficient electrochemical energy storage.
A High‐Crystalline NaV1.25Ti0.75O4 Anode for Wide‐Temperature Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Li Qi , Jiang Kezhu , Li Xiang , Qiao Yu , Zhang Xiaoyu , He Ping , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries with abundant and low‐cost sodium resources is a promising alternative to Li‐ion batteries in large‐scale energy applications. While the anode materials, due to their insufficient cycling life and insecure voltage, could not still satisfy the market demands, especially in the wide‐temperature fields, here, a high‐crystallinity anode material with post‐spinel structure, namely NaV1.25Ti0.75O4, which always maintains excellent electrochemical performance at the widely variable temperatures, is reported. The results indicate that this anode delivers a high‐safety and ultrastable room‐temperature performance (i.e., an average output voltage of 0.7 V vs Na+/Na and the ultralong cycling life over 10 000 cycles) and good wide‐temperature performance (below 9% capacity variation at 60 and −20 °C compared to that at 25 °C). These excellent achievements could benefit from the long durability and stability of 1D channels and superfast ion diffusion in a temperature‐dependent range. This finding provides a promising strategy to construct the safe and stable full‐cell prototypes and promotes the wide‐temperature application of sodium‐ion batteries.
Spores potentially dispersed to longer distances are more tolerant to ultraviolet radiation: A case study in the moss genus Orthotrichum
Authors: Estébanez Belén , Medina Nagore G. , Caparrós Rut , Monforte Laura , Del‐Castillo‐Alonso María‐Ángeles , Martínez‐Abaigar Javier , Núñez‐Olivera Encarnación 
Published: July 2018

Premise of the StudyUltraviolet (UV) radiation influences the viability of algal spores and seed‐plant pollen depending on the species, the dose, and the wavelength. In bryophytes, one of the dominant groups of plants in many habitats, UV radiation could determine their spore dispersal strategy, and such data are critical for reconstructing the ancestral state in plants and for determining the distribution range and persistence of bryophyte species.MethodsSpores of four bryophyte species of the moss genus Orthotrichum that were either hygrochastic or xerochastic (spores dispersed under wet or dry conditions, respectively) were exposed to realistic doses of UV radiation under laboratory conditions. Spore viability was evaluated through germination experiments and, for the first time in bryophytes, ultrastructural observations. Given that the UV‐B doses used were relatively higher than the UV‐A doses, the UV effect was probably due more to UV‐B than UV‐A wavelengths.Key ResultsAll four species reduced their spore germination capacity in a UV dose‐dependent manner, concomitantly increasing spore ultrastructural damage (cytoplasmic and plastid alterations). Most spores eventually died when exposed to the highest UV dose. Interestingly, spores of hygrochastic species were much more UV‐sensitive than those of xerochastic species.ConclusionsUV tolerance determines moss spore viability, as indicated by germination capacity and ultrastructural damage, and differs between spores of species with different dispersal strategies. Specifically, the higher UV tolerance of xerochastic spores may enable them to be dispersed to longer distances than hygrochastic spores, thus extending more efficiently the distribution range of the corresponding species.
Enantiokonvergente biokatalytische Redoxisomerisierung
Authors: Liu Yu‐Chang , Merten Christian , Deska Jan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlkoholdehydrogenasen dienen als effektive Katalysatoren in der Herstellung optisch aktiver γ‐Hydroxy‐δ‐lactone auf Grundlage einer enantiokonvergenten dynamischen Redoxisomerisierung von einfach zugänglichen, racemischen Achmatowicz‐Pyranonen. Durch die Nachahmung der übergangsmetallvermittelten “Borrowing‐hydrogen”‐Methodik zur Überführung von Hydridspezies innerhalb heterocyclischer Gerüste erlaubt diese chemoinspirierte, jedoch vollständig biokatalysierte Interpretation das bestehende Syntheserepertoire von Enzymen effektiv zu erweitern und bietet hierdurch neue Möglichkeiten in der Konstruktion von Multienzymkaskaden sowie im Design maßgeschneiderter Zellfabriken.
Synthesis of Triply Fused Porphyrin‐Nanographene Conjugates
Authors: Chen Qiang , Brambilla Luigi , Daukiya Lakshya , Mali Kunal S. , De Feyter Steven , Tommasini Matteo , Müllen Klaus , Narita Akimitsu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTwo unprecedented porphyrin fused nanographene molecules, 1 and 2, have been synthesized by the Scholl reaction from tailor‐made precursors based on benzo[m]tetraphene‐substituted porphyrins. The chemical structures were validated by a combination of high‐resolution matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HR MALDI‐TOF MS), IR and Raman spectroscopy, and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). The UV‐vis‐near infrared absorption spectroscopy of 1 and 2 demonstrated broad and largely red‐shifted absorption spectra extending up to 1000 and 1400 nm, respectively, marking the significant extension of the π‐conjugated systems.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Metal‐Free Synthesis of Trifluoromethylselenolated Arenes
Authors: Ghiazza Clément , Debrauwer Vincent , Monnereau Cyrille , Khrouz Lhoussain , Médebielle Maurice , Billard Thierry , Tlili Anis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe first visible‐light‐mediated synthesis of trifluoromethylselenolated arenes under metal‐free conditions is reported. The use of an organic photocatalyst enables the trifluoromethylselenolation of arene diazonium salts using the shelf‐stable reagent trifluoromethyl tolueneselenosulfonate at room temperature. The reaction does not require the presence of any additives and shows high functional‐group tolerance, covering a very broad range of starting materials. Mechanistic investigations, including EPR spectroscopy, luminescence investigations, and cyclic voltammetry allow rationalization of the reaction mechanism.
Photokatalyse der C(sp3)‐H‐Fluorierung durch Uranyl mit sichtbarem Licht: Einblicke in den Mechanismus
Authors: Wu Liangliang , Cao Xiaoyan , Chen Xuebo , Fang Weihai , Dolg Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDas Uranyl‐Dikation zeigt photokatalytische Aktivität gegenüber C(sp3)‐H‐Bindungen von aliphatischen Verbindungen, nicht aber von Alkylbenzolen oder cyclischen Ketonen. Nach wie vor sind die entsprechenden Mechanismen aus theoretischer Sicht unklar. Multikonfigurationale Ab‐initio‐Rechnungen mit Berücksichtigung relativistischer Effekte können den zugrundeliegenden Elektronentransfermechanismus für die Uranyl‐katalysierte C‐H‐Fluorierung in blauem Licht aufklären. Es wurde festgestellt, dass entlang dem Reaktionspfad des Triplett‐Zustands die vom elektronenreichen Sauerstoff des Uranyls ausgelöste Wasserstoffabstraktion der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt ist. Die Folgeschritte, d. h. die Brüche der N‐F‐ und der O‐H‐Bindungen in konzertierter Asynchronie, die Bildung des fluorierten Zielprodukts und die Wiederherstellung des Photokatalysators, sind nahezu barrierelos. Darüber hinaus spielt die Übertragung einzelner Elektronen zwischen den reaktiven Substraten während des ganzen Photokatalysezyklus eine wichtige Rolle.
Visible‐Light Photocatalysis of C(sp3)‐H Fluorination by the Uranyl Ion: Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Wu Liangliang , Cao Xiaoyan , Chen Xuebo , Fang Weihai , Dolg Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe uranyl dication shows photocatalytic activity towards C(sp3)−H bonds of aliphatic compounds, but not towards those of alkylbenzenes or cyclic ketones. Theoretical insights into the corresponding mechanisms are still limited. Multi‐configurational ab initio calculations including relativistic effects reveal the inherent electron‐transfer mechanism for the uranyl catalyzed C−H fluorination under blue light. Along the reaction path of the triplet state it was found that the hydrogen atom abstraction triggered by the electron‐rich oxygen of the uranyl moiety is the rate‐limiting step. The subsequent steps, that is, N−F and O−H bond breakage in a manner of concerted asynchronicity, generation of the targeted fluorinated product, and recovery of the photocatalyst are nearly barrierless. Moreover the single electron transfer between the reactive substrates plays a fundamental role during the whole photocatalytic cycle.
Einfluss der Zusammensetzung von Zementstein auf das Abplatzverhalten von Beton im Brandfall
Authors: Reiners Jochen , Müller Christoph 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLaut Eurocode 2, Teil 1‐2 sind explosive Betonabplatzungen im Brandfall unwahrscheinlich, wenn der Feuchtegehalt des Betons weniger als k Gew.‐% beträgt. Bei über k Gew.‐% des Betons sollte eine genauere Beurteilung der Art der Gesteinskörnung, der Durchlässigkeit und der Erwärmungsgeschwindigkeit in Betracht gezogen werden. In einem Forschungsvorhaben am VDZ wurde untersucht, welche Feuchtegehalte und ‐verteilungen bei Betonen verschiedener Zusammensetzungen bei üblichen Umweltbedingungen typischerweise vorliegen, um so eine Abschätzung zur Frage zu ermöglichen, in welchen Fällen gemäß Eurocode 2, Teil 1‐2 explosive Betonabplatzungen unwahrscheinlich sind.Gleichzeitig wurden eigene experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Betonzusammensetzung und des Feuchtegehalts auf das Auftreten von Abplatzen beim Erhitzen von Beton durchgeführt. Hierzu wurde ein Versuchsaufbau („PTM‐Versuch“), der zum ersten Mal von Kalifa beschrieben wurde, durch das Aufbringen einer seitlichen Druckspannung abgewandelt. Beim PTM‐Versuch wird die Oberfläche eines Betonkörpers mit elektrischen Heizstrahlern erhitzt und dabei die Änderung von Porendruck, Temperatur und Masse erfasst. Bei den Versuchen im VDZ zeigte sich, dass die Druckspannungen, die aufgebracht wurden, entscheidend für das Auftreten von explosivem Abplatzen waren. Des Weiteren lassen die Versuchsergebnisse den Schluss zu, dass hohe Porendrücke nicht die Hauptursache des Auftretens von Abplatzen von Beton sind.
Structures and luminescent sensors of mixed‐counterions based salen‐type lanthanide coordination polymers
Authors: Du Jin‐Long , Wang Xin‐Yu , Zou Xiao‐Yan , Li Yu‐Xin , Li Wei‐Zuo , Yao Xu , Li Guang‐Ming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReactions of N,N′‐bis (salicylidene)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine (H2L) with mixed lanthanide counterions of LnCl3·6H2O and Ln (NO3)3·6H2O afford six H2L lanthanide coordination polymers, e.g. {[Pr(H2L)2(NO3)2Cl]·2CH2Cl2}n (1); {[Ln(H2L)1.5(NO3)3]2·5CHCl3·mCH3OH}n [Ln = Sm (2), Eu (3), Gd (4), Tb (5) and Yb (6); m = 1 (2–5); m = 0 (6)]. X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals that complex 1 exhibits three‐dimensional diamondoid topologic structure and complexes 2–6 are of two‐dimensional structure. Luminescent spectra show that complexes 1 and 6 have characteristic near‐infrared (NIR) emission of praseodymium (III) and ytterbium (III) ions and complexes 2–5 emit luminescence in the visible region. Complexes 3 and 6 reveal sensitive luminescence responses to formaldehyde.
Developing a conversation: A strategy to engage faculty in pedagogical change
Authors: Mercer Allison M. , Lewis Jennifer E. , Sutheimer Susan , Wolfson Adele J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPersonal interviews were conducted with biochemistry faculty during which they were presented with student performances on a content survey. From these interviews, four themes that reflect faculty responses to the surveys emerged: awareness of student understanding, self‐reflection on teaching practice, planned collaboration with colleagues, and emotional reactions. Here, we discuss these themes and their implications for creating conversation designed to promote reflection on biochemistry teaching. © 2018 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46:382–389, 2018.
Alkenyl Magnesium Compounds: Generation and Synthetic Application
Authors: Zhu Miaomiao , Liu Liang , Yu Hai‐Tao , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlkenyl magnesium compounds have received much attention in synthetic organic chemistry because of their high reactivity. This review summarizes three types of alkenyl magnesium compounds which contain at least one [Mg−C=C] fragment, for example, (1) alkenyl Grignard reagents prepared by halogen–magnesium exchange reaction; (2) alkenyl magnesium carbenoids prepared by halogen–magnesium exchange reaction or sulfoxide–magnesium exchange reaction; (3) magnesacarbocycles containing at least one alkenyl magnesium bond prepared from Zr‐ or Ti‐catalyzed cyclomagnesation or transmetalation, as well as their further reactions and applications.
Modeling of Anaerobic Digestion Considering Biowaste by Syntrophic Propionate‐Oxidizing Bacteria
Authors: Uhlenhut Frank , Schlüter Kathrin , Gallert Claudia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDie anaerobe Vergärung von Bioabfällen erzeugt nachhaltig Bioenergie und verringert Umweltbelastungen. Die acetogene Gärphase wurde mit dem Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) modelliert, das um drei Gattungen Propionat‐oxidierender Bakterien und zwei Varianten des Propionatabbaus, den Methyl‐Malonyl‐CoA‐ und C6‐Dismutase‐Weg, erweitert wurde. Die kinetischen Parameter für die anaerobe Propionat‐Oxidation wurden mit definierten Trikulturen aus den drei Propionat‐oxidierenden Gattungen mit hydrogenotrophen und acetotrophen methanogenen Archaea bestimmt und in das ADM1 implementiert, woraus das verbesserte Modell ADM1xpro resultierte.
Imaging Protein‐Protein Interactions by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Microscopy in Live Cells
Authors: Manzella‐Lapeira Javier , Brzostowski Joseph A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis updated unit compares three methods to acquire Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) data in living cells using a confocal microscope: Acceptor photobleaching, Acceptor‐sensitized emission FRET, and Donor fluorescence lifetime imaging. Detailed protocols for live cell husbandry, image acquisition, and data analysis are provided. In addition to providing instructions for manufacturer's analysis tool sets, we provide an easy‐to‐use, MATLAB‐based code to calculate FRET efficiency from data obtained using the Acceptor photobleaching or Acceptor‐sensitized emission method, which can be freely downloaded. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Activity rhythm and action range of workers of the invasive hornet predator of honeybees Vespa velutina, measured by radio frequency identification tags
Authors: Poidatz Juliette , Monceau Karine , Bonnard Olivier , Thiéry Denis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn social insects, the activity rhythm of foragers and their action range determinate the activity of the colony. In vespids, which are mostly predators, the foraging range of workers determines their maximum predation pressure round the nest. One of these species, Vespa velutina, a recently invasive species introduced into Europe, exerts a strong predation on honeybees at the hive. Therefore, the definition of its activity rhythm and spatial range of predation is of primary importance. Using radio frequency identification tags (RFID), two experiments were carried out to (a) determine their return ability (called homing) in releasing 318 individuals at different distance from their colony and (b) monitor their foraging activity rhythm and the duration of their flights based on 71 individuals followed 24 hr/24 during 2 months. The homing ability of V. velutina was evaluated to be up to 5,000 m and was not affected by the cardinal orientation of release point. The lag time to return to the nest increased with the distance of release. Most of the flight activity took place between 07:00 a.m. and 08:00 p.m., hornets doing principally short flights of less than an hour. Foraging range was thus estimated ca. 1,000 m around the nest. This study of V. velutina assisted by RFID tags provides for the first time a baseline for its potential foraging distance that increase our knowledge of this species to (a) refine more accurately models for risk assessment and (b) define security perimeter for early detection of predation on invasion front.
Spatiotemporal and demographic variation in the diet of New Zealand lesser short‐tailed bats (Mystacina tuberculata)
Authors: Czenze Zenon J. , Tucker J. Leon , Clare Elizabeth L. , Littlefair Joanne E. , Hemprich‐Bennett David , Oliveira Hernani F. M. , Brigham R. Mark , Hickey Anthony J. R. , Parsons Stuart 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVariation in the diet of generalist insectivores can be affected by site‐specific traits including weather, habitat, and season, as well as demographic traits such as reproductive status and age. We used molecular methods to compare diets of three distinct New Zealand populations of lesser short‐tailed bats, Mystacina tuberculata. Summer diets were compared between a southern cold‐temperate (Eglinton) and a northern population (Puroera). Winter diets were compared between Pureora and a subtropical offshore island population (Hauturu). This also permitted seasonal diet comparisons within the Pureora population. Lepidoptera and Diptera accounted for >80% of MOTUs identified from fecal matter at each site/season. The proportion of orders represented within prey and the Simpson diversity index, differed between sites and seasons within the Pureora population. For the Pureora population, the value of the Simpson diversity index was higher in summer than winter and was higher in Pureora compared to Eglinton. Summer Eglinton samples revealed that juvenile diets appeared to be more diverse than other demographic groups. Lactating females had the lowest dietary diversity during summer in Pureora. In Hauturu, we found a significant negative relationship between mean ambient temperature and prey richness. Our data suggest that M. tuberculata incorporate a narrower diversity of terrestrial insects than previously reported. This provides novel insights into foraging behavior and ecological interactions within different habitats. Our study is the first from the Southern Hemisphere to use molecular techniques to examine spatiotemporal variation in the diet of a generalist insectivore that inhabits a contiguous range with several habitat types and climates.
Back Cover: Non‐invasive optical method for real‐time assessment of intracorneal riboflavin concentration and efficacy of corneal cross‐linking (J. Biophotonics 7/2018)
Authors: Lombardo Giuseppe , Villari Valentina , Micali Norberto L. , Leone Nancy , Labate Cristina , De Santo Maria P. , Lombardo Marco 
Published: July 2018

We disclose a theranostic device for performing image‐guided riboflavin/UV‐A corneal cross‐linking. The device determines treatment efficacy by real time monitoring of riboflavin concentration in the corneal stroma. The study shows efficacy of the device in eye bank human donor tissues.Further details can be found in the article by Giuseppe Lombardo et al. (e201800028)
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Characterization and inhibition effects of some metal ions on carbonic anhydrase enzyme from Kangal Akkaraman sheep
Authors: Kocyigit Umit M. , Taslimi Parham , Gulçin İlhami 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this work, the carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme was purified from Kangal Akkaraman sheep in Sivas, Turkey with specific activity value of 6681.57 EU/mg and yield of 14.90% with using affinity column chromatography. For designating the subunit molecular mass and enzyme purity, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method was used and single band for this procedure was obtained. The molecular mass of CA enzyme was found as 28.89 kDa. In this study, the optimum temperature and optimum pH were obtained from 30 and 7.5. Vmax and Km values for p‐nitrophenylacetate substrate of the CA were determined from Lineweaver–Burk graphs. Additionally, the inhibitory results of diverse heavy metal ions (Hg+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Ag+, and Cu2+) on sheep were studied. Indeed, CA enzyme activities of Kangal sheep were investigated with using esterase procedure under in vitro conditions. The heavy metal concentrations inhibiting 50% of enzyme activity (IC50) and Ki values were obtained.