bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of Renal Tumors Other Than Renal Cell Carcinoma with Emphasis on Cytomorphological, Immunohistochemical, and Cytogenetic Study
Authors: Alashetty Soumya , Dharmalingam Priya , Ramamurthy Sindhu , Kavitha Bidadi Lingappa , Shanthala Siddappa , Ali Rajasab Subhan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
The role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of renal malignancies is established and has been getting more precise and important over a period of time. Knowledge of the pathology of uncommon renal neoplasms along with radiological and clinical correlations often aids in correct diagnosis.

Aims:
The present study aims to describe the cytomorphological and immunohistochemical findings in the varied spectrum of renal tumors, other than renal cell carcinomas (RCC).

Materials and Methods:
Data of 238 cases of ultrasound-guided renal FNAC performed in our tertiary cancer institute over 4 years were collected from the department registry. All nondiagnostic cases and cases diagnosed as RCC were excluded from the study, so 57 cases of renal tumors were reviewed along with the cell blocks and ancillary studies.

Results:
Out of the 57 cases, 35 cases were primary renal neoplasms, which included renal oncocytoma (3.5%), angiomyolipoma (3.5%), rhabdoid tumor (1.8%), Wilms tumor (28.0%), Ewing sarcoma (3.5%), urothelial carcinoma (8.8%), and small round cell tumor unclassified (12.3%). Twenty two cases were metastatic tumors, which included hematolymphoid neoplasm (14%) and metastatic carcinomas (24.6%) from various other primary carcinomas.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that renal FNAC is safe and fairly accurate in diagnosing a wide spectrum of renal tumors and has high diagnostic accuracy, when performed along with cell block and immunohistochemistry. Awareness of the pathology of uncommon renal tumors along with relevant clinical history and radiological findings may aid in identifying the type of tumor for further appropriate management.
Application of the Sydney System for Classification and Reporting Lymph Node Cytopathology to Assess the Risk of Malignancy and its Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Das Sudipta , Das Aseema , Das Bandita 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the lymph nodes is the first-line evaluation of lymphadenopathy of unknown etiology. For better diagnostic clarity and proper communication to clinicians, the Sydney System was proposed in 2020 for the performance, classification, and reporting of lymph node cytopathology. The present study was conducted to analyze the diagnostic performance and risk of malignancy (ROM) associated with each of the diagnostic categories of the proposed Sydney System.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted over 2 years. All patients with lymphadenopathy undergoing FNAC during the study period for which subsequent histopathological examination (HPE) reports or clinical follow-up data were available were included in the study. The original diagnoses were reviewed, and each case was assessed according to the first diagnostic level of the Sydney System classification. The diagnostic accuracy and ROM were correlated with FNAC diagnoses. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of lymph node FNAC were calculated using SPSS version 20.0.

Results:
A total of 456 out of 753 cases were selected in the study as they had subsequent histopathological correlation and/or clinical follow-up data. The majority were females n = 294 (64.4%). The most common lymph node was the cervical group (n = 274, 60%).

On Statistical Analysis:
sensitivity 82.8%, specificity 97.5%, PPV 95.3%, NPV 90.1%, and diagnostic accuracy 92%.

Conclusion:
The sydney system, which introduces a uniform categorization, may increase the lymph node FNAC diagnostic accuracy.
A Retrospective Study of Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors: Was the Outcome Different in Patients Undergoing Elective versus Emergency Surgery?
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Singh Suyash , Datta Aanchal , Bhaisora Kamlesh Singh , Sardhara Jayesh , Dikshit Priyadarshi , Maurya Ved Prakash , Verma Pawan Kumar , Das Kuntal Kanti , Mehrotra Anant , Srivastava Arun Kumar , Jaiswal Awadhesh K. , Kumar Raj , Behari Sanjay 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Pediatric posterior fossa tumors (pPFTs) may present acutely with features of increased intracranial pressure that need urgent intervention or with stable symptoms requiring elective management. In this article, we have analyzed the outcomes of pPFTs managed under three arms: (1) emergency tumor resection (A), (2) elective tumor resection (B), and (3) pre-resection cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) diversion followed by elective tumor resection (C).

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed our database from July 2012 to March 2020 for pediatric patients (age ≤16 years) with PFTs. The patients were classified into three groups based on the timing and type of intervention. Their result was assessed as the primary (postoperative complications) and secondary outcomes (post-resection CSF diversion, CSF diversion failure, residual tumor, and survival). A P value < 0.05 was considered significant (SPSS version 22.0, IBM, New York).

Results:
A total of 154 patients (M:F = 2.42:1) were included with a mean age of 8.1 (SD ± 4.2)-years (range 1–16). Group B (n = 72/46.8%) had a significantly higher number of patients as compared to the group A (n = 40/26%) and group C (n = 42/27.3%) (χ2 test, P value = 0.02). The primary outcomes were comparable between group A and group B. A higher incidence of preoperative external ventricular drain insertion and post-resection CSF diversion failure was noted in group A as compared to group B (P value < 0.01). Group C had a significantly higher proportion of patients with residual tumor (n = 19/48.7%) as compared to group A (n = 11/29.7%, P value = 0.09) and group B (n = 20/ 29.4%,P value < 0.05). The post-resection CSF diversion failure rate was significantly higher in group C than in the other two groups (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The pre-resection CSF diversion subgroup had a poorer outcome as compared to elective and emergency tumor resection. The outcomes of elective and emergency resection of pPFTs were comparable, except for the higher risk of shunt failure in the emergency cohort.
Optical coherence tomography characteristics in hydroxychloroquine retinopathy and the correlations with visual deterioration in Taiwanese
Authors: He Shao-Kai , Lai Tso-Ting , Hsieh Yi-Ting 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE:
This study aimed to investigate optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics in hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy and their correlation with visual acuity among Taiwanese patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We retrospectively recruited patients undergoing long-term HCQ treatment who had received examinations of best-corrected visual acuity and OCT scans. We observed disruptions in the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) across different retinal regions. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify the most significant factors associated with visual deterioration.

RESULTS:
Among the 120 eyes included in the study, HCQ retinopathy was present in 42 eyes (35.0%). In patients with mild-to-moderate retinopathy, the pericentral pattern was predominant (75.0%), whereas no parafoveal pattern was observed. Serial examinations revealed that lesions typically progressed from pericentral to parafoveal and foveal regions. EZ disruption was observed in all affected cases, most frequently at the pericentral region (100%), followed by the perifoveal (87.4%), parafoveal (72.1%), and foveal (43.2%) regions. RPE disruption was noted in 59.5% of cases, with the highest prevalence at the pericentral (53.2%) and perifoveal (52.3%) regions, followed by the parafoveal (33.3%) and foveal (28.8%) regions. PCA identified RPE disruption at the fovea and parafoveal regions as the most strongly correlated factors for visual deterioration.

CONCLUSIONS:
In Taiwanese patients, HCQ retinopathy predominantly manifests with pericentral lesions, while isolated parafoveal lesions are rare as an initial presentation. RPE disruption, rather than EZ disruption, appears to be the primary determinant for visual deterioration in this population.
Optic disc and peripapillary tumors
Authors: Shettigar Manoj , Raval Vishal , Reddy P. Vijay Anand , Kaliki Swathi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This review covers the tumors either originating or seen close to the optic disc in the peripapillary area. Most of the optic disc tumors are diagnosed on clinical examination. In a few atypical cases, ancillary imaging, such as optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and ultrasonography, may be required to demonstrate characteristic features. The majority of these tumors have systemic associations, and hence, a multidisciplinary approach involving ocular oncologists, neurophysicians, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists is the need of the hour. The treatment of optic disc tumor is challenging due to its proximity to critical areas such as optic nerve and macula, which could be a limiting step when compared to conventional treatments such as laser photocoagulation and surgical excision.
Evaluating the role of serum cystatin C as a circulating biomarker of diabetic retinopathy from a rural Indian population
Authors: Raghu Keerthana , Surya R. Janani , Mishra Chitaranjan , Singh Karan , Mohanty Nabatika , Sahoo Jitendra Kumar , Sahoo Shiva Prasad , Singh Ashok Kumar , Raman Rajiv 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE:
This study aimed to evaluate serum cystatin C as a potential biomarker for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a rural Indian population, addressing the urgent need for effective screening tools amidst rising diabetes prevalence.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study recruited 112 patients with diabetes mellitus from Sambalpur, Odisha, India, categorized into groups with and without DR. Serum cystatin C levels were measured alongside clinical and demographic parameters, using established diagnostic methods.

RESULTS:
Patients with DR exhibited significantly higher serum cystatin C levels compared to those without DR (mean: 0.99 ± 0.50 mg/L vs. 0.80 ± 0.36 mg/L, P = 0.027). Adjusted analysis showed a notable association between higher cystatin C tertiles and DR (adjusted odd’s ratio: 7.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.49–39.08, P = 0.01), highlighting its potential as an independent predictor.

CONCLUSION:
Elevated serum cystatin C levels were strongly associated with the presence of DR, suggesting its utility as a biomarker for early identification and risk stratification in diabetic patients. Integration of cystatin C measurement into routine clinical practice may enhance DR screening and management strategies, offering potential benefits in reducing vision loss and improving patient outcomes. This study underscores the need for further longitudinal research to validate these findings and elucidate the temporal relationship between cystatin C levels and DR progression.
Influence of Airfoil Geometry on VTOL UAV Aerodynamics at Low Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Adeyi Timothy A. , Alabi Oluwaseyi O. , Towoju Olumide A. 
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impact of airfoil geometry on the aerodynamic properties of a low Reynolds number flying wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The investigation was conducted at three Reynolds numbers (1×106, 2×106, and 5×106), all under a constant Mach number of 0.3 during subsonic flight. Four distinct airfoils from the NACA and Selig series were analyzed using XFLR5 v6.61, with the angle of attack varying from -5° to 15°. Among the airfoils, NACA 6409 consistently demonstrated superior aerodynamic performance across all Reynolds numbers. Notably, at a Reynolds number of 1×106, NACA 6409 achieved a peak lift coefficient (Cl) of 1.584 at an angle of attack of 11.1°, indicating high efficiency. Additionally, the study explored the angles of attack where the drag coefficient (Cd) increased sharply, as well as the lift-to-drag ratios (Cl/Cd), providing a comprehensive understanding of stalling behavior and the balance between lift and drag. These findings offer valuable insights into the aerodynamic efficiency of airfoils in the context of vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) UAV design, underscoring the importance of further research to optimize airfoil designs for enhanced VTOL UAV performance.

Received: 24 May 2024 | Revised: 20 September 2024 | Accepted: 28 October 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Author Contribution Statement
Timothy A. Adeyi: Conceptualization, Software, Resources, Writing - original draft; Oluwaseyi O. Alabi: Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing - review & editing; Olumide A. Towoju: Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.
SiT-YOLOv9: An Efficient Algorithm for Learning Behavior Detection in the Home Environment
Authors: Sun Zhendan , Mariano Vladimir Y. 
Published: November 2024

In the context of home-based learning, accurate identification of learning behaviors is essential for enhancing post-classroom learning efficiency. However, due to background interference and computational constraints in the TinyML terminal within home environments, CNN-based algorithms are susceptible to reduced performance and accuracy, leading to an increased false positive rate. To address this challenge, we propose a lightweight detection model called SiT-YOLOv9, which integrates MODNet, image enhancement, and other modules into the YOLOv9 model while also implementing moderate network pruning to effectively mitigate issues related to image noise and training sample computational power. Evaluation of the SiTBehaviors video dataset demonstrates that the SiT YOLOv9 model achieves outstanding performance with a recognition accuracy of 0.948 (mAP50) at a high processing speed of 90.9 frames per second. When compared with original models such as YOLOv8, YOLOv10, and RT-DERT, our proposed model exhibits superior recognition accuracy of 0.948 mAP, and a processing speed of 0.2 ms.

Received: 25 July 2024 | Revised: 5 September 2024 | Accepted: 30 September 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/danielsun1974/ sitbehavior/settings.

Author Contribution Statement
Zhendan Sun: Conceptualization, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Vladimir Y. Mariano: Methodology, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
<b>Experts' </b><b>C</b><b>ognition-Driven Ensemble Deep Learning </b><b>f</b><b>or External Validation of Predicting Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy </b><b>f</b><b>rom Histological Images in Breast Cancer</b>
Authors: Yang Yongquan , Li Fengling , Wei Yani , Zhao Yuanyuan , Fu Jing , Xiao Xiuli , Bu Hong 
Published: November 2024

In breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) provides a standard treatment option for patients who have locally advanced cancer and some large operable tumors. A patient will have better prognosis when he has achieved a pathological complete response (pCR) with the treatment of NAC. There has been a trend to directly predict pCR to NAC from histological images based on deep learning (DL). However, the DL-based predictive models numerically have better performances in internal validation than in external validation. In this paper, we aim to alleviate this situation with an intrinsic approach. We propose an experts’ cognition-driven ensemble deep learning (ECDEDL) approach. Taking the cognition of both pathology and artificial intelligence experts into consideration to improve the generalization of the predictive model to the external validation, ECDEDL can intrinsically approximate the working paradigm of a human being which will refer to his various working experiences to make decisions. ECDEDL was validated with 695 WSIs collected from the same center as the primary dataset to develop the predictive model and perform the internal validation, and was also validated with 340 WSIs collected from other three centers as the external dataset to perform the external validation. In external validation, ECDEDL improves the AUCs of pCR prediction from 61.52(59.80-63.26) to 67.75(66.74-68.80) and the Accuracies of pCR prediction from 56.09(49.39-62.79) to 71.01(69.44-72.58). ECDEDL was quite effective for external validation of predicting pCR to NAC from histological images in breast cancer, numerically approximating the internal validation.

Received: 16 August 2024 | Revised: 14 October 2024 | Accepted: 4 November 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data that support this work are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Author Contribution Statement
Yongquan Yang: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration. Fengling Li: Conceptualization, Validation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - review & editing. Yani Wei: Resources, Writing - review & editing. Yuanyuan Zhao: Resources, Writing - review & editing. Jing Fu: Resources, Writing - review & editing. Xiuli Xiao: Resources, Writing - review & editing. Hong Bu: Resources, Writing - review & editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition.
Analysis of Online User Reviews for Popular Tourist Attractions: Almaty Case
Authors: Uysal A. K. , Başaran M. A. , Kantarcı K. 
Published: November 2024

Attractions in the tourism industry are one of the components that motivate tourists to visit destinations, such as entertainment, natural, cultural, and historical richness. For such reasons, people decide to visit unique destinations and spend time there. Almaty, the largest city of Kazakhstan, is one of the significant attraction centers of the Central Asia region, offering tourists unique and pleasant features with several tourist attractions. This study aims to analyze online user reviews of tourist attractions in Almaty, Kazakhstan, using machine learning and text mining methods. The primary focus is on identifying the main thematic clusters of reviews and their sentiment and comparing these themes with the types of attractions: historical, natural, and man-made. A total of 7,515 reviews were collected from the TripAdvisor website. The data was processed using sentiment analysis, topic modeling, and hierarchical clustering methods. The analysis revealed that 38% of the reviews were related to natural attractions, 34% to man-made, and 28% to historical ones. The most positive reviews were associated with natural attractions, while historical and man-made attractions received 79.38% and 81.40% positive reviews, respectively. In addition, the items that make up these attractions are identified, and their sentiment levels are pointed out. In addition to this situation, visitors have the most positive expressions for natural attractions, especially landscapes and lakes. The findings emphasize the importance of considering review themes to improve the quality of tourist services and to enhance the positive image of Almaty as a tourist destination.
ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS E MANEJO DA INFECÇÃO URINÁRIA NA GRAVIDEZ
Authors: Pereira Letícia Souza Alves , Mendonça Laura Paes Baptista de Oliveira , Silva Mateus Barbosa da , Baruqui Rafael Reis 
Published: November 2024

A infecção urinária (ITU) é definida pela invasão e multiplicação de microrganismos patogênicos nas vias urinárias, podendo gerar diversas manifestações e diferente nível de gravidade.O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar a fisiopatologia relacionada às ITUs durante a gestação, assim como discutir seus quadros clínicos e as estratégias de manejo. A metodologia do estudo foi avaliar artigos através de pesquisas na base de dados PubMed, utilizando os descritores “Urinary Tract Infections” AND “Pregnancy ”, publicados entre 2018 e 2024. As ITUs podem se manifestar como bacteriúria assintomática, cistite e pielonefrite, sendo todas tratadas por meio de antibióticos durante a gestação. Nesse sentido, o diagnóstico é baseado nos sintomas da paciente e nos exames, dentre eles a urocultura com antibiograma e exame de urina do tipo I (EAS). Em suma, a infecção urinária na gravidez representa uma preocupação significativa devido aos potenciais riscos para a mãe e para o feto e diante disso, este estudo destacou a importância da triagem durante o pré-natal, especialmente para a bacteriúria assintomática.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF FOOD EGGS
Authors: Kamanova S. , Murat L. , Yessenzhan A. , Saduakhasova S. , Ospankulova G. 
Published: November 2024

The most commonly consumed poultry eggs in the world are chicken and duck eggs. Eggs contain all the essential amino acids, making them an excellent source of complete protein. Egg whites, both chicken and duck, are similar in composition and have many functional properties.The purpose of this work is to comparatively characterize the chemical composition and quality characteristics of commercially available eggs of various types produced in Kazakhstan. The work used generally accepted chemical and physical methods of determination, as a result of which it was established that all types of eggs differ in quality characteristics and chemical composition. The experiments carried out established that duck eggs have the largest mass (79.49 g). Egg white has an alkaline pH, while the yolk has a neutral pH. The highest water content is found in chicken protein (87.7%), duck eggs have a high lipid content - 36.79%, and the highest ash content in quail eggs – 1.8 g.The results of the research will be used in the development of egg products from raw materials that must meet the requirements of the standard.
THE QUALITY AND SAFETY OF GOAT MILK SOUR-MILK PRODUCT
Authors: Nyzamatdin A. D. , Assembayeva E. K. , Nabiyeva Zh. S. , Bozhbanov A. , Kozhakhiyeva M. 
Published: November 2024

To improve the quality of life of the population, currently a promising direction is the use of functional foods. The article presents the results of the conducted analysis of the quality and safety of symbiotic yogurt from goat milk enriched with a mixture of vegetable raw materials.Purpose of the study: to study the effect of quince syrup on the quality and safety of fermented milk products.This paper presents the results of the study of the developed fermented milk product (yogurt) for functional purposes. The composition of the added ready-made starter includes the cultures Str.thermophiIlus, Lb.bulgaricus, Lb. acidophilus. Quince fruit syrup was used as a natural ingredient of plant origin.Addition of quince syrup in the production of yogurt from goat's milk contributes to obtaining a product enriched with dietary fiber, vitamins, macro-microelements, as well as increasing the range and improving the organoleptic properties of dairy products, including pectin-containing.The presented article provides comprehensive microbiological indicators of the studied yogurt samples and the dynamics of changes in lactic acid microflora during storage.The results showed that according to microbiological indicators, the yoghurts met the requirements of TR CU 033/2013, QMAFAnM did not exceed the specified standards, and coliform bacteria were absent. The growth of lactic acid bacteria in the studied samples was intense on the fifth day – 6.4×109 CFU, then the number of microorganisms decreased. On the seventh day, the number of lactic acid bacteria in the studied sample was – 4.5×108 CFU, the indicator of the control sample for this period was – 2.4×107 CFU.