bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suprapubic cystostomy during renal transplantation in a patient with a urethral stricture after hypospadias surgery: A case report
Authors: Kawaguchi Shohei , Kadono Yoshifumi , Nohara Takahiro , Kato Yuki , Naito Renato , Urata Satoko , Nakashima Kazufumi , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Mizokami Atsushi 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionRenal transplantation often causes polyuria, and a Foley catheter is typically placed after transplantation. A urethral stricture often makes it difficult to insert a normal diameter urethral catheter.Case presentationWe report on the case of a 16‐year‐old adolescent male with a history of hypospadias surgery who underwent a cystostomy during renal transplantation. A cystostomy was placed during transplantation because of stricture of the pendulous urethra. Urine leakage into the retroperitoneum occurred after cystostomy catheter removal. An 8‐Fr urethral catheter was placed, and urine was aspirated to prevent drainage failure. Voiding cystourethrography performed after 2 weeks showed that there was no leakage. After that, the patient had no trouble with urination.ConclusionA cystostomy may be one strategy for renal transplantation patients with a urethral stricture. Urine leak can occur because of the delay in wound healing caused by immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, cystostomy management strategies should be considered carefully.
Short‐term evaluation of thromboresistance of a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) mechanical heart valve with poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC)‐grafted surface in a porcine aortic valve replacement model
Authors: Kambe Yusuke , Mahara Atsushi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Kakinoki Sachiro , Fukazawa Kyoko , Liu Yihua , Kyomoto Masayuki , Minatoya Kenji , Ishihara Kazuhiko , Yamaoka Tetsuji 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImproved thromboresistance of mechanical valves is desired to decrease the risk of thromboembolism and thrombosis and reduce the dosage of anticoagulation with a vitamin K antagonist (e.g., warfarin). For several mechanical valves, design‐related features are responsible for their improved thromboresistance. However, it remains unclear whether material‐related features provide a practical level of thromboresistance to mechanical valves. Here, we studied the effect of a bileaflet valve made of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) with a poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC)‐grafted surface (PEEK‐g‐PMPC). PMPC is a well‐known thromboresistant polymeric material. A short‐term (<26 h) porcine aortic valve replacement model using neither an anticoagulant nor an antiplatelet agent showed that the PEEK‐g‐PMPC valve opened and closed normally with an allowable transvalvular gradient. Unlike an untreated PEEK valve, no thrombus formed on the PEEK‐g‐PMPC valves on gross anatomy examination in addition to the absence of traveled thrombi in the kidney and lung tissues. Material (PEEK‐g‐PMPC)–related thromboresistance appeared to decrease the risk of thromboembolism and thrombosis for patients with mechanical valves. However, thromboresistance of the PEEK‐g‐PMPC valve requires improvement because fibrous fouling was still observed on the leaflet. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1052–1063, 2019.
CoCr porous scaffolds manufactured via selective laser melting in orthopedics: Topographical, mechanical, and biological characterization
Authors: Caravaggi Paolo , Liverani Erica , Leardini Alberto , Fortunato Alessandro , Belvedere Claudio , Baruffaldi Fabio , Fini Milena , Parrilli Annapaola , Mattioli‐Belmonte Monica , Tomesani Luca , Pagani Stefania 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOver the last decade, advances in additive manufacturing have allowed to obtain complex 3D porous lattice in materials suitable for orthopedic applications. Whereas 3D‐melted titanium alloys have been extensively investigated, little is the current knowledge on the feasibility of bone‐replicating CoCr porous scaffolds manufactured via selective laser melting (SLM). Moreover, the effect of topography on bone cells viability and proliferation has not been fully explored yet. Small cylindrical porous lattices were modeled from micro‐CT images of human trabecular bone, and from the repetition of spherical‐hollow and body‐centered cubic unit cells, and manufactured via SLM from CoCr powder. Macro‐ and microcharacterization of the porous samples were assessed using optical microscope, micro‐CT, and SEM. The scaffolds mechanical properties, measured via ISO testing, compared well with those of the human bone. Osteoblast‐like cells proliferation and viability were assessed in vitro, and compared to those cultured on a standard nonporous implant‐to‐bone interface, showing steady increase on all geometries over time. SEM analysis confirmed the quality of cells morphology, spread, and organization on all lattices. The SLM process appeared not to alter the biocompatibility of CoCr; however, 15–100 μm irregularities and macroalterations were observed in the porous scaffolds with respect to the 3D nominal models. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2343–2353, 2019.
Fabrication and modification of wavy multicomponent vascular grafts with biomimetic mechanical properties, antithrombogenicity, and enhanced endothelial cell affinity
Authors: Mi Hao‐Yang , Jing Xin , Li Zhu‐Tong , Lin Yu‐Jyun , Thomson James A. , Turng Lih‐Sheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA mismatch of mechanical properties and a high rate of thromboses are two critical challenges of creating viable artificial small‐diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs). Herein, we propose a method to fabricate wavy multicomponent vascular grafts (WMVGs) via electrospinning using an assembled rotating collector. The WMVGs consisted of a wavy silk/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) inner layer and a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) outer layer, which mimic the structures and properties of collagen and elastin in native blood vessels, respectively. Attributed to the wavy structure and the combination of rigid silk/PLA and elastic TPU biomaterials, WMVGs are capable of mimicking the nonlinear tensile stress–strain relationship and “toe region” of native blood vessels. In addition, they have sufficient mechanical strength to meet implantation requirements in terms of tensile strength, suture retention, and burst pressure. Further modification of silk/PLA fibers with dopamine and heparin gave the grafts antithrombogenic properties and greatly enhanced endothelial cell affinities. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured on modified silk/PLA showed high viability, high proliferation rate, and favorable cell–substrate interactions. Moreover, HUVECs were able to fully cover and freely migrate upward on the lumen of the modified WMVGs without needing a special circulation bioreactor. Therefore, the modified WMVGs possessed biomimetic properties, antithrombogenicity, and enhanced endothelialization, making them a promising candidate for SDVGs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2397–2408, 2019.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach to Predict Drug‐Drug Interactions With Ethionamide Involving Impact of Genetic Polymorphism on FMO3
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Thi Thu , Parvez Md Masud , Kim Min Jung , Yoo Sung Eun , Ahn Sangzin , Ghim Jong‐Lyul , Shin Jae‐Gook 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe widely used second‐line antituberculosis drug ethionamide shows wide interindividual variability in its disposition; however, the relevant factors affecting this phenomenon have not been characterized. We previously reported the major contribution of flavin‐containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in the reductive elimination pathway of ethionamide. In this study, ethionamide metabolism was potentially inhibited by methimazole in vitro. The drug‐drug interaction leading to methimazole affecting the disposition of ethionamide mediated by FMO3 was then quantitated using a bottom‐up approach with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic framework. The maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) of ethionamide were estimated to increase by 13% and 16%, respectively, when coadministered with methimazole. Subsequently, we explored the effect of FMO3 genetic polymorphism on metabolic capacity, by constructing 2 common functional variants, Lys158‐FMO3 and Gly308‐FMO3. Compared to the wild type, recombinant Lys158‐FMO3 and Gly308‐FMO3 variants significantly decreased the intrinsic clearance of ethionamide by 2% and 24%, respectively. Two prevalent functional variants of FMO3 were predicted to affect ethionamide disposition, with mean ratios of Cmax and AUC of up to 1.5 and 1.7, respectively, in comparison with the wild type. In comparing single ethionamide administration with the wild type, simulations of the combined effects of comedications and FMO3 genetic polymorphism estimated that the Cmax and AUC ratios of ethionamide increased up to 1.7 and 2.0, respectively. These findings suggested that FMO3‐mediated drug‐drug interaction and genetic polymorphism could be important determinants of interindividual heterogeneity in ethionamide disposition that need to be considered comprehensively to optimize the personalized dosing of ethionamide.
Low angle boundary migration of shot‐peened pure nickel investigated by electron channeling contrast imaging and electron backscatter diffraction
Authors: Oh Jin‐Su , Cha Hyun‐Woo , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Shin Keesam , Yang Cheol‐Woong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStudy on recrystallization of deformed metal is important for practical industrial applications. Most of studies about recrystallization behavior focused on the migration of the high‐angle grain boundaries, resulting in lack of information of the kinetics of the low angle grain boundary migration. In this study, we focused on the migration of the low angle grain boundaries during recrystallization process. Pure nickel deformed by shot peening which induced plastic deformation at the surface was investigated. The surface of the specimen was prepared by mechanical polishing using diamond slurry and colloidal silica down to 0.02 μm. Sequential heat treatment under a moderate annealing temperature facilitates to observe the migration of low angle grain boundaries. The threshold energy for low angle boundary migration during recrystallization as a function of misorientation angle was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy techniques. A combination of electron channeling contrast imaging and electron backscatter diffraction was used to measure the average dislocation density and a quantitative estimation of the stored energy near the boundary. It was observed that the migration of the low angle grain boundaries during recrystallization was strongly affected by both the stored energy of the deformed matrix and the misorientation angle of the boundary. Through the combination of electron channeling contrast imaging and electron backscatter diffraction, the threshold stored energy for the migration of the low angle grain boundaries was estimated as a function of the boundary misorientation.
Assessing genetic counselors’ experiences with physician aid‐in‐dying and practice implications
Authors: D’Angelo Abby , Ormond Kelly E. , Magnus David , Tabor Holly K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhysician aid‐in‐dying (PAD) is now legalized in more than half a dozen states across the United States yet remains controversial among health care providers and the general public. Previous studies have described physicians’ and nurses’ experiences with and attitudes about PAD; however, there is no data about PAD in the context of genetic counseling. This study explores genetic counselors’ experiences, understanding, training, and perspectives about PAD. Fifteen participants were recruited to complete semistructured telephone interviews. Five participants had received patient inquiries about PAD. Most participants (n = 10) did not feel prepared to discuss PAD with patients and felt that they did not have adequate knowledge to answer patient questions about the practice. Participants described how the unique training, skills, and experiences of genetic counselors could be beneficial for discussing PAD with patients, in comparison to other providers. All participants supported training for genetic counselors about PAD, with many suggesting integration with education about palliative care and end‐of‐life planning. This is the first study to investigate PAD in the context of genetic counseling. Genetic counselors have had patients ask questions about PAD, want education and access to resources about PAD, and believe they can provide important support and guidance to patients considering PAD in some genetic counseling contexts.
The neurological and psychological phenotype of adult patients with early‐treated phenylketonuria: A systematic review
Authors: Burlina Alessandro P. , Lachmann Robin H. , Manara Renzo , Cazzorla Chiara , Celato Andrea , van Spronsen Francjan J. , Burlina Alberto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNewborn screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) and early introduction of dietary therapy has been remarkably successful in preventing the severe neurological features of PKU, including mental retardation and epilepsy. However, concerns remain that long‐term outcome is still suboptimal, particularly in adult patients who are no longer on strict phenylalanine‐restricted diets. With our systematic literature review we aimed to describe the neurological phenotype of adults with early‐treated phenylketonuria (ETPKU). The literature search covered the period from 1 January 1990 up to 16 April 2018, using the NLM MEDLINE controlled vocabulary. Of the 643 records initially identified, 83 were included in the analysis. The most commonly reported neurological signs were tremor and hyperreflexia. The overall quality of life (QoL) of ETPKU adults was good or comparable to control populations, and there was no evidence for a significant incidence of psychiatric disease or social difficulties. Neuroimaging revealed that brain abnormalities are present in ETPKU adults, but their clinical significance remains unclear. Generally, intelligence quotient (IQ) appears normal but specific deficits in neuropsychological and social functioning were reported in early‐treated adults compared with healthy individuals. However, accurately defining the prevalence of these deficits is complicated by the lack of standardized neuropsychological tests. Future research should employ standardized neurological, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging protocols, and consider other techniques such as advanced imaging analyses and the recently validated PKU‐specific QoL questionnaire, to precisely define the nature of the impairments within the adult ETPKU population and how these relate to metabolic control throughout life.
Inhibitory effects of azithromycin on the adherence ability of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Kan Powen , Sasaki Haruka , Inaba Keitaro , Watanabe Kiyoko , Hamada Nobushiro , Minabe Masato 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPorphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen and has a high detection rate in periodontal disease. Fimbriae and hemagglutinin are expressed by P. gingivalis, and these play an important role in the adherence of the bacteria to periodontal tissue and biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sub‐minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub‐MICs) of azithromycin on the adherence of P. gingivalis, focusing on the inhibition of fimbriae expression and hemagglutinin activity.MethodsP. gingivalis ATCC 33277 were incubated anaerobically with sub‐MICs of azithromycin at 37°C by gentle shaking for 18 hours. The bacterial cells were harvested, washed twice with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), and the proteins analyzed by 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and western blotting. Adherence assay and hemagglutinin activity tests were done with the same culture.ResultsThe results of SDS‐PAGE indicated that the sub‐MICs of azithromycin inhibited 41‐kDa fimbrial protein expression and hemagglutinin activities. The disappearance of 41‐kDa fimbrial protein expression and long fimbriae in 0.4 µg/mL, 0.2 µg/mL, and 0.1 µg/mL of azithromycin was confirmed by western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. The adherence of P. gingivalis to human gingival epithelial cells was reduced by sub‐MICs of azithromycin compared with the adherence levels without antibiotic.ConclusionsThese results suggest that sub‐MICs of azithromycin may reduce the adherence of P. gingivalis to host cells, by inhibiting production of fimbriae and hemagglutinin activities. Therefore, azithromycin can be used as a biofilm treatment of periodontal disease caused by P. gingivalis.
On the Relationships between the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance and the Nanoarchitecture of Nonionic Surfactant Systems
Authors: Rodríguez‐Abreu Carlos 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBuilding links between established parameters for the characterization of surfactant systems is useful not only for the understanding of the underlying phenomena but also for the judicious formulation of products. Herein, we review comprehensively the literature data to find correlations between the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) and the molecular packing parameter (CPP) for a variety of nonionic surfactants in water. The interfacial area per surfactant molecule, a fundamental variable to calculate CPP, follows a power law as a function of the number of ethylene oxide (EO) groups in the surfactant. The exponent ranges from 0.3 to 0.7, which may reflect changes in the conformation of the EO chain depending on the nature of the hydrophobic group; there is also apparently a transition toward a collapsed conformation of the EO chains at high surfactant concentrations. CPP is found to change linearly with HLB in the range of data studied, although the parameters of the linear fitting depend on the nature of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties of the surfactant; this would also imply a linear relationship between CPP and the HLB temperature (i.e., Phase Inversion Temperature) according to the Kunieda–Shinoda equation. Analysis of the liquid crystal regions of the surfactant phase diagram at constant temperature indicates that the HLB values required for the morphological phase transitions defined by CPP increase with surfactant concentration. The present report may serve as a contribution to the programmed design of nanoarchitectures in surfactant systems.
On biconservative hypersurfaces in ‐dimensional Riemannian space forms
Authors: Turgay Nurettin Cenk , Upadhyay Abhitosh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study biconservative hypersurfaces in and . Further, we obtain complete explicit classifications of biconservative hypersurfaces in 4‐dimensional Riemannian space forms with exactly three distinct principal curvatures.
Variants identified in PTK7 associated with neural tube defects
Authors: Lei Yunping , Kim Sung‐Eun , Chen Zhongzhong , Cao Xuanye , Zhu Huiping , Yang Wei , Shaw Gary M. , Zheng Yufang , Zhang Ting , Wang Hong‐Yan , Finnell Richard H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundVariants in planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway genes have been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of NTDs in both mouse models and in human cohorts. Mouse models indicate that the homogenous disruption of the Ptk7 gene, a PCP regulator, results in craniorachischisis; while embryos that are doubly heterozygous for Ptk7XST87 and Vangl2Lp mutations present with spina bifida.MethodsIn this study, we initially sequenced exons of the human PTK7 gene in 192 spina bifida patients and 190 controls from a California population. A phase II validation study was performed in 343 Chinese NTD cohort. Functional assays including immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation were used to study identified variants effect on PTK7 function.ResultsWe identified three rare (MAF <0.001) missense heterozygous PTK7 variants (NM_001270398.1:c.581C>T, p.Arg630Ser and p.Tyr725Phe) in the spina bifida patients. In our functional analyses, p.Arg630Ser affected PTK7 mutant protein stability and increased interaction with Dvl2, while the p.Thr186Met variant decreased PTK7 interactions with Dvl2. No novel predicted‐to‐be‐damaging variant or function‐disrupted PTK7 variant was identified among the control subjects. We subsequently re‐sequenced the PTK7 CDS region in 343 NTDs from China to validate the association between PTK7 and NTDs. The frequency of PTK7 rare missense variants in the Chinese NTD samples is significantly higher than in gnomAD controls.ConclusionOur study suggests that rare missense variants in PTK7 contribute to the genetic risk of NTDs.
The Antisteatotic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Insect Meal in Obese Zucker Rats is Accompanied by Profound Changes in Hepatic Phospholipid and 1‐Carbon Metabolism
Authors: Meyer Sandra , Gessner Denise K. , Wen Gaiping , Most Erika , Liebisch Gerhard , Zorn Holger , Ringseis Robert , Eder Klaus 
Published: January 2019

ScopeThe hypothesis is tested that insect meal, which has a low methionine content, reduces the hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC):phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio, which is a critical determinant of hepatic lipid synthesis, by decreasing availability of the methionine metabolite S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM).Methods and resultsObese rats (n = 24) are randomly divided into two groups (Obese Casein and Obese Insect) of 12 rats each. In addition, lean rats (n = 12) are used as control group (LC). Groups LC and OC receive a control diet with casein as protein source, whereas in the OI group, casein is replaced isonitrogenously by insect meal, which is found to be less digestible (–12% units). Plasma and liver concentrations of lipids and hepatic expression of lipid synthesizing genes are reduced in the OI group compared to the OC group. Plasma and liver concentration of PC and the PC:PE ratio are decreased in the OI group compared to the OC group, while hepatic concentration of SAM and the hepatic SAM:S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratio is lower in the OI group than in the OC group.ConclusionThe decrease of the hepatic PC:PE ratio is probably a key mechanism explaining the pronounced antisteatotic and hypolipidemic action of insect meal in obese rats.
Full physics simulation of terrain‐adaptive 77 GHz automotive radar for early pedestrian detection
Authors: Chipengo Ushemadzoro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFully autonomous vehicles and the need to improve road safety have led to increased demands on the reliability of various advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Automotive radar is a key component of ADAS as it adds both safety and comfort features in vehicles. A key challenge in developing automotive radar is demonstrating reliability especially in corner cases. Building and testing radar systems for corner cases is time‐consuming, costly, and impractical. Simulation is the only practical way of investigating the countless possible automotive radar corner cases. An interesting corner case is the reduction of radar returns due to sharp road bends. Specifically, crucial targets with low radar cross sections (RCS) such as pedestrians can become invisible to radar when driving around sharp road bends. In this article, a high fidelity, full physics‐based simulation of a 77 GHz automotive radar scene will be used to investigate this corner case. The dependence of radar returns on the position of an ego vehicle negotiating a sharp bend will be presented. Results from these simulations show a pedestrian disappearing from view at an approaching angle of 60∘ with a degradation of over 40 dB in pedestrian radar returns. Using results from this study, a terrain‐adaptive technique for improving radar target detection capabilities is proposed. This technique is shown to improve pedestrian radar returns by over 26 dB. Improved radar returns can help in early detection of pedestrians and other relevant targets. Early target detection can help reduce accidents while potentially saving pedestrian lives.