bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Brimonidine Tartrate 0.2% Does not Prevent an Intraocular Pressure Rise During Prostatectomy in Steep Trendelenburg Position
Authors: Mathew David J. , Greene Rana A. , Mahsood Yousaf J. , Hallaji Numan , Vargas Ana M.B. , Jin Ya-Ping , Finelli Antonio , Parotto Matteo , Belkin Avner , Trope Graham E. , Buys Yvonne M. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
This study evaluated the effect of preoperative brimonidine tartrate 0.2% on intraocular pressure (IOP) during robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in steep Trendelenburg position (sTBURG).

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective randomized controlled masked interventional trial, eligible patients scheduled for robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in sTBURG at the Toronto General Hospital had one eye randomized to placebo (artificial tears) or drug (brimonidine tartrate 0.2%) preoperatively. Visual acuity (VA), tonometry, disc photography, visual field (VF), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) assessments were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. A standardized anesthetic protocol was followed intraoperatively. IOP was measured using Tono-Pen AVIA (Reichert Inc., New York, NY) as follows: preanesthesia supine, anesthetized supine, hourly in sTBURG and awake supine. The primary outcome was IOP in sTBURG in the drug group compared with the placebo group. Secondary outcomes were changes in VA, VF, RNFL thickness, mean arterial pressure, and ocular perfusion pressure. This study was approved by University Health Network Research Ethics Board.

Results:
In total, 26 eligible patients, mean age 61.9±5.1 years, were randomized to brimonidine (11 patients) and placebo (15 patients). Baseline IOP was not significantly different between the drug and placebo groups (P=0.42). Significant and sustained IOP elevation of >1.5X baseline in the sTBURG was noted in both groups. The mean IOP 1 hour after sTBURG was 29.4±6.9 and 27.2±3.4 mm Hg in the drug and placebo groups, respectively (P=0.35). No significant changes were noted in VA, VF, or RNFL.

Conclusions:
Significant and sustained IOP increases occur during sTBURG. Preoperative brimonidine does not prevent IOP spikes in sTBURG.
Morphine effects within the rodent anterior cingulate cortex and rostral ventromedial medulla reveal separable modulation of affective and sensory qualities of acute or chronic pain
Authors: Gomtsian Lusine , Bannister Kirsty , Eyde Nathan , Robles Dagoberto , Dickenson Anthony H. , Porreca Frank , Navratilova Edita 
Published: August 2018

AbstractModulation of pain may result from engagement of opioid receptors in multiple brain regions. Whether sensory and affective qualities of pain are differentially affected by brain opioid receptor circuits remains unclear. We previously reported that opioid actions within the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) produce selective modulation of affective qualities of neuropathic pain in rodents, but whether such effects may occur in other areas of the ACC is not known. Here, morphine was microinjected into 3 regions of the ACC or into the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), and pain behaviors in naive, sham, or spinal nerve ligated (SNL) rats were evaluated. In naive animals, the tail-flick response was inhibited by RVM, but not ACC, morphine. Anterior cingulate cortex morphine did not affect tactile allodynia (the von Frey test) or mechanical (Randall–Selitto) or thermal (Hargreaves) hyperalgesia in spinal nerve ligated rats. In contrary, RVM morphine reduced tactile allodynia and produced both antihyperalgesic and analgesic effects against mechanical and thermal stimuli as well as conditioned place preference selectively in nerve-injured rats. Within the RVM, opioids inhibit nociceptive transmission reflected in both withdrawal thresholds and affective pain behaviors. Activation of mu opioid receptors within specific rostral ACC circuits, however, selectively modulates affective dimensions of ongoing pain without altering withdrawal behaviors. These data suggest that RVM and ACC opioid circuits differentially modulate sensory and affective qualities of pain, allowing for optimal behaviors that promote escape and survival. Targeting specific ACC opioid circuits may allow for treatment of chronic pain while preserving the physiological function of acute pain.
Early Exposure to Underserved Patients and Its Impact on Initial Employment Decisions Regarding Physician Assistants
Authors: Feldman Corinne T. , Morici Bobbie , Goodrich Samantha 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This study explored the impact of early, repetitive, and required participation in a homeless shelter–based, student-run free clinic (SRC) on career choice in primary care, underserved medicine, and future volunteerism in physician assistants (PAs). The investigators hypothesized that students required to participate in the SRC would be more likely to select a career in primary care, be providers to underserved populations, and to volunteer.

Methods
A 30-question online survey, which included open- and closed-ended questions, was administered to alumni of the DeSales University PA program from January 2015 to April 2015. Alumni who had and had not been exposed to the SRC were included in the sample.

Results
Completed surveys were obtained from 43 graduates who attended the university before the opening of the SRC and from 114 graduates who were required to participate in the SRC, for an overall response rate of 31.2%. Graduates who were exposed to the SRC were significantly more likely to have an initial and current career in primary care. Furthermore, alumni who had worked in the SRC were more likely to report that they believed their DeSales University experience influenced their decision to enter primary care as compared to those who did not have exposure to the SRC.

Conclusion
This study provides initial evidence that early, repetitive, and required exposure to a student-run free clinic impacts graduates' decisions on career choice and volunteerism. The structure of this particular clinic and its location in a homeless shelter may have provided an opportunity for students to explore how social determinants affect health in an underserved population.
Effect of Institutional Case Volume on In-hospital Mortality After Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Analysis of 7073 Cases Between 2007 and 2016 in Korea
Authors: Yoo Seokha , Jang Eun Jin , Yi Nam-Joon , Kim Ga Hee , Kim Dal Ho , Lee Hannah , Jung Chul-Woo , Ryu Ho Geol 
Published: August 2018

Background.
The relationship between institutional case volume and clinical outcomes after living donor liver transplantation is not clarified.

Methods.
We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the database of Korean National Healthcare Insurance Service. Between January 2007 and December 2016, 7073 adult living donor liver transplantations were performed at 50 centers in Korea. Centers were categorized according to the average annual number of liver transplantations: >50, 10 to 50, and <10.

Results.
In-hospital mortality rates in the high-, medium-, and low-volume centers were 2.8%, 4.1%, and 6.7%, respectively. After adjustment, in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in low-volume centers (adjusted odds ratio, 2.287; 95% confidence interval, 1.471-3.557; P < 0.001) and medium-volume centers (adjusted odds ratio, 1.676; 95% confidence interval, 1.089-2.578; P = 0.019) compared with high-volume centers. Long-term survival for up to 9 years was better, and intensive care unit and hospital length of stay were shorter in high-volume centers.

Conclusions.
Centers with higher case volume (>50 liver transplantations/year) had better outcomes after living donor liver transplantation, including in-hospital mortality and long-term mortality compared with centers with lower case volume (≤50 liver transplantations/year).
A survey of influenza subtypes in olive baboons in selected areas in Kenya
Authors: Bunuma Emmanuel Kulwa , Ochola Lucy , Nyerere Andrew K 
Published: August 2018

3.AbstractBackgroundWorldwide infections with influenza A viruses are associated with substantial illness and death among mammals and birds, in humans it accounts for 250,000-500,000 deaths per year its continuous mutation in different hosts poses a threat that can result in the emergence of a novel virus with an ability to cause a widespread pandemic. Surveillance of Influenza A viral genome from diverse hosts and subtyping is critical in understanding of the antigenic shift and drift of the influenza virus especially in hosts that are closely related to human beings like the Non-Human Primates (NHPs),pigs and birds. This study therefore identified the influenza subtypes circulating in Papio anubis (Olive baboons) at the interface of human and NHPs in Kenya.MethodsFifty nasal swabs samples were collected from baboons from the colony at the Institute of Primate Research (IPR), these animals were originally collected from Olorbototo, Yatta, Aberdares, Movoloni and Laikipia. The nasal swabs were collected in viral transport media using sterile dacron swabs and stored at −80°C. In this study, samples were screened initially using real time RT-PCR-CDC protocol for influenza A virus detection that targets the matrix gene and twenty five were found to be positive.ResultsThe proportion positive were as follows, Olorbototo (75%), Ngurumani (44%) Aberdares (43%), Mavoloni (37.5%), Yatta (14%), and Laikipia (9%). These samples were taken through conventional PCR to amplify the haemagglutinin, neuraminidase and the matrix genes and eight samples were successfully amplified and later sequenced through 24-capillaries ABI 3500 XL Genetic Analyzer.Upon BLAST of these sequences, influenza subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 were detected. It was observed that the subtypes in baboons were as follows Olorbototo H1N1,Yatta H3N2, Aberdares H3N2, Mavoloni H1N1, Ngurumani H1N1 and Laikipia H1N1.Upon further analysis, the influenza positive Olive baboons were found to have been reared in the colony at at IPR colony for between 1-2 years and were in close contact with personnel.CoclusionGiven the presence of H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes in baboons suggests that baboons can be naturally infected with seasonal endemic human influenza viruses, avian emerging pandemic or pandemic swine flu origin.
Neuronal distribution across the cerebral cortex of the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Atapour Nafiseh , Majka Piotr , Wolkowicz Ianina H. , Malamanova Daria , Worthy Katrina H. , Rosa Marcello G.P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUsing stereological analysis of NeuN-stained sections, we investigated neuronal density and number of neurons per column throughout the marmoset cortex. Estimates of mean neuronal density encompassed a greater than threefold range, from >150,000 neurons/ mm3in the primary visual cortex to ~50,000 neurons/ mm3in the piriform complex. There was a trend for density to decrease from posterior to anterior cortex, but also local gradients, which resulted in a complex pattern; for example, in frontal, auditory and somatosensory cortex neuronal density tended to increase towards anterior areas. Anterior cingulate, motor, premotor, insular and ventral temporal areas were characterized by relatively low neuronal densities. Analysis across the depth of the cortex revealed greater laminar variation of neuronal density in occipital, parietal and inferior temporal areas, in comparison with other regions. Moreover, differences between areas were more pronounced in the supragranular layers than in infragranular layers. Calculations of the number of neurons per unit column revealed a pattern that was distinct from that of neuronal density, including local peaks in the posterior parietal, superior temporal, precuneate, frontopolar and temporopolar regions. These results suggest that neuronal distribution in adult cortex result from a complex interaction of developmental/ evolutionary determinants and functional requirements.
Featherweight long read alignment using partitioned reference indexes
Authors: Gamaarachchi Hasindu , Parameswaran Sri , Smith Martin A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe advent of nanopore sequencing has realised portable genomic research and applications. However, state of the art long read aligners and large reference genomes are not compatible with most mobile computing devices due to their high memory requirements. We show how memory requirements can be reduced through parameter optimization and reference genome partitioning, but highlight the associated limitations and caveats of these approaches. We then demonstrate how these issues can be overcome through an appropriate merging technique. We extend the Minimap2 aligner and demonstrate that long read alignment to the human genome can be performed on a system with 2GB RAM with negligible impact on accuracy.
EGFR confers exquisite specificity of Wnt9a-Fzd9b signaling in hematopoietic stem cell development
Authors: Grainger Stephanie , Nguyen Nicole , Richter Jenna , Setayesh Jordan , Lonquich Brianna , Oon Chet Huan , Wozniak Jacob M. , Barahona Rocio , Kamei Caramai N. , Houston Jack , Carrillo-Terrazas Marvic , Drummond Iain A. , Gonzalez David , Willert Karl , Traver David 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe mechanisms of Wnt-Frizzled (Fzd) signaling selectivity and their biological implications remain unclear. We demonstrate for the first time that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is required as a co-factor for Wnt signaling. Using genetic studies in zebrafish, paired within vitrocell biology and biochemistry, we have determined that Fzd9b signals specifically with Wnt9ain vivoandin vitroto elicit β-catenin dependent Wnt signals that regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) development in the dorsal aorta. This requirement is conserved in the derivation of HSPCs from human embryonic stem cells. Wnt9a-Fzd9b specificity requires two intracellular domains in Fzd9b, which interact with EGFR as a required co-factor to promote signal transduction. EGFR phosphorylates one tyrosine residue on Fzd9b, a requirement for the Wnt signal. These findings indicate that Wnt signaling interactions can be exquisitely specific and inform protocols for derivation of HSPCsin vitro.HighlightsAnin vitrosignaling screen identifies Fzd9b as a Wnt9a-specific receptor.Fzd9b and Wnt9a regulate hematopoietic stem cell development as a cognate pair.WNT9A and FZD9 are required for HSPC derivation from human pluripotent cellsin vitro.EGFR confers specificity to Wnt9a-Fzd9b signaling in zebrafish and human cells.
Predicting cell-cycle expressed genes identifies canonical and non-canonical regulators of time-specific expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Panchy Nicholas L , Lloyd John P. , Shiu Shin-Han 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe collection all TFs, target genes and their interactions in an organism form a gene regulatory network (GRN), which underly complex patterns of transcription even in unicellular species. However, identifying which interactions regulate expression in a specific temporal context remains a challenging task. With multiple experimental and computational approaches to characterize GRNs, we predicted general and phase-specific cell-cycle expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeusing four regulatory data sets: chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), TF deletion data (Deletion), protein binding microarrays (PBMs), and position weight matrices (PWMs). Our results indicate that the source of regulatory interaction information significantly impacts our ability to predict cell-cycle expression where the best model was constructed by combining selected TF features from ChIP and Deletion data as well as TF-TF interaction features in the form of feed-forward loops. The TFs that were the best predictors of cell-cycle expression were enriched for known cell-cycle regulators but also include regulators not implicated in cell-cycle regulation previously. In addition, ChIP and Deletion datasets led to the identification different subsets of TFs important for predicting cell-cycle expression. Finally, analysis of important TF-TF interaction features suggests that the GRN regulating cell cycle expression is highly interconnected and clustered around four groups of genes, two of which represent known cell-cycle regulatory complexes, while the other two contain TFs that are not known cell-cycle regulators (Ste12-Tex1 and Rap1-Hap1-Msn4), but are nonetheless important to regulating the timing of expression. Thus, not only do our models accurately reflect what is known about the regulation of theS. cerevisiaecell cycle, they can be used to discover regulatory factors which play a role in controlling expression during the cell cycle as well as other contexts with discrete temporal patterns of expression.
Zika viruses of both African and Asian lineages cause fetal harm in a vertical transmission model
Authors: Jaeger Anna S. , Murreita Reyes A. , Goren Lea R. , Crooks Chelsea M. , Moriarty Ryan V. , Weiler Andrea M. , Rybarczyk Sierra , Semler Matthew R. , Huffman Christopher , Mejia Andres , Simmons Heather A. , Fritsch Michael , Osorio Jorge E. , O’Connor Shelby L. , Ebel Gregory D. , Friedrich Thomas C. , Aliota Matthew T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCongenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was first linked to birth defects during the American outbreak 1–3. It has been proposed that mutations unique to the Asian/American-genotype explain, at least in part, the ability of Asian/American ZIKV to cause congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) 4,5. Recent studies identified mutations in ZIKV infecting humans that arose coincident with the outbreak in French Polynesia and were stably maintained during subsequent spread to the Americas 5. Here we show that African ZIKV can infect and harm fetuses and that the S139N mutation that has been associated with the American outbreak is not essential for fetal harm. Our findings, in a vertical transmission mouse model, suggest that ZIKV will remain a threat to pregnant women for the foreseeable future, including in Africa, southeast Asia, and the Americas. Additional research is needed to better understand the risks associated with ZIKV infection during pregnancy, both in areas where the virus is newly endemic and where it has been circulating for decades.
Cortex-wide neural interfacing via transparent polymer skulls
Authors: Ghanbari Leila , Carter Russell E. , Rynes Matthew L. , Dominguez Judith , Chen Gang , Naik Anant , Hu Jia , Kader Sagar Md Abdul , Haltom Lenora , Mossazghi Nahom , Gray Madelyn M. , West Sarah L. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Ebner Timothy J. , Kodandaramaiah Suhasa B. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTNeural computations occurring simultaneously in multiple cerebral cortical regions are critical for mediating cognition, perception and sensorimotor behaviors. Enormous progress has been made in understanding how neural activity in specific cortical regions contributes to behavior. However, there is a lack of tools that allow simultaneous monitoring and perturbing neural activity from multiple cortical regions. To fill this need, we have engineered “See-Shells” – digitally designed, morphologically realistic, transparent polymer skulls that allow long-term (>200 days) optical access to 45 mm2 of the dorsal cerebral cortex in the mouse. We demonstrate the ability to perform mesoscopic imaging, as well as cellular and subcellular resolution two-photon imaging of neural structures up to 600 µm through the See-Shells. See-Shells implanted on transgenic mice expressing genetically encoded calcium (Ca2+) indicators allow tracking of neural activities from multiple, non-contiguous regions spread across millimeters of the cortex. Further, neural probes can access the brain through perforated See-Shells, either for perturbing or recording neural activity from localized brain regions simultaneously with whole cortex imaging. As See-Shells can be constructed using readily available desktop fabrication tools and modified to fit a range of skull geometries, they provide a powerful tool for investigating brain structure and function.
Hybrid solutions obtained via integral transforms for magnetohydrodynamic flow with heat transfer in parallel-plate channels
Authors: Pontes Fabio Andrade , Macêdo Emanuel Negrão , Batista Clauderino da Silva , Lima João Alves de , Quaresma João Nazareno Nonato 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to show the procedure, application and main features of the hybrid numerical-analytical approach known as generalized integral transform technique by using it to study magnetohydrodynamic flow of electrically conductive Newtonian fluids inside flat parallel-plate channels subjected to a uniform and constant external magnetic field.

Design/methodology/approach
The mathematical formulation of the analyzed problem is given in terms of a streamfunction, obtained from the Navier–Stokes and energy equations, by considering steady state laminar and incompressible flow and constant physical properties.

Findings
Convergence analyses are performed and presented to illustrate the consistency of the integral transformation technique. The results for the velocity and temperature fields are generated and compared with those in the literature as a function of the main governing parameters.

Originality/value
A detailed analysis of the parametric sensibility of the main dimensionless parameters, such as the Reynolds number, Hartmann number, Eckert number, Prandtl number and electrical parameter, for some typical situations is performed.
Re-imagining mentoring as a dynamic hub in the transformation of initial teacher education
Authors: Lofthouse Rachel M. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Teacher education in many countries is under reform with growing differences in its form and function. This is indicative of the ongoing negotiations around the place of theory, research and practice in teachers’ professional learning. However, the demand for mentoring of trainee teachers during often extended and multiple school-based placements is a relative constant. Indeed, with the trend towards greater school-based professional experience mentoring practices become ever more critical. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual paper written from the perspective of an experienced teacher educator in England, drawing on both practical experience and a body of associated research. It can be conceptualised as related to cases of practice, linked to episodes of practitioner research grounded in the ethics of the improvability of practice, the desire to meet the needs of the professional communities and a deep understanding of the demands and cultures of their workplaces.

Findings
Mentoring can be re-imagined as a dynamic hub within a practice development-led model for individual professional learning and institutional growth. Acting on this conceptualisation would allow mentors, trainees and other supporting teacher educators to contribute to the transformation of professional learning practices and educational contexts.

Originality/value
This paper goes beyond offering merely helpful guidance to participants and stakeholders in mentoring, or stipulating standards to be achieved, to considering what might be described as a hopeful or transformational stance in relation to mentoring. Teacher educators can continue to bring value to the transformation of teacher education through a focus on mentoring as an educative process.