bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Observational Pilot Study Evaluating the Utility of Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling to Determine the Cause of Stillbirths in South African Women
Authors: Madhi Shabir A , Pathirana Jayani , Baillie Vicky , Cutland Clare , Adam Yasmin , Izu Alane , Bassat Quique , Blau Dianna M , Breiman Robert F , Hale Martin , Johnstone Siobhan , Martines Roosecelis B , Mathunjwa Azwifarwi , Nzenze Susan , Ordi Jaume , Raghunathan Pratima L , Ritter Jana M , Solomon Fatima , Wadula Jeannette , Zaki Sherif R , Chawana Richard 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Despite approximately 2.6 million stillbirths occurring annually, there is a paucity of systematic biological investigation and consequently knowledge on the causes of these deaths in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We investigated the utility of minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS), placental examination, and clinical history, in attributing the causes of stillbirth in a South African LMIC setting.

Methods
This prospective, observational pilot study undertook sampling of brain, lung, and liver tissue using core biopsy needles, blood and cerebrospinal fluid collection, and placental examination. Testing included microbial culture and/or molecular testing and tissue histological examination. The cause of death was determined for each case by an international panel of medical specialists and categorized using the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision application to perinatal deaths.

Results
A cause of stillbirth was identifiable for 117 of 129 (90.7%) stillbirths, including an underlying maternal cause in 63.4% (n = 83) and an immediate fetal cause in 79.1% (n = 102) of cases. The leading underlying causes of stillbirth were maternal hypertensive disorders (16.3%), placental separation and hemorrhage (14.0%), and chorioamnionitis (10.9%). The leading immediate causes of fetal death were antepartum hypoxia (35.7%) and fetal infection (37.2%), including due to Escherichia coli (16.3%), Enterococcus species (3.9%), and group B Streptococcus (3.1%).

Conclusions
In this pilot, proof-of-concept study, focused investigation of stillbirth provided granular detail on the causes thereof in an LMIC setting, including provisionally highlighting the largely underrecognized role of fetal sepsis as a dominant cause.
Analysis of metabolite profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains suitable for butanol production
Authors: Azambuja Suéllen P H , Teixeira Gleidson S , Andrietta Maria G S , Torres-Mayanga Paulo C , Forster-Carneiro Tânia , Rosa Carlos A , Goldbeck Rosana 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Butanol has advantages over ethanol as a biofuel. Although butanol is naturally produced by some Clostridium species, clostridial fermentation has inherent characteristics that prevent its industrial application. Butanol-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains may be a solution to this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of wild-type and industrial Brazilian strains of S. cerevisiae to produce n-butanol using glycine as co-substrate and evaluate the relationship between the production of this alcohol and other metabolites in fermented broth. Of the 48 strains analyzed, 25 were able to produce n-butanol in a glycine-containing medium. Strains exhibited different profiles of n-butanol, isobutanol, ethanol, glycerol and acetic acid production. Some wild-type strains showed substantial n-butanol production capability, for instance UFMG-CM-Y267, which produced about 12.7 mg/L of butanol. Although this concentration is low, it demonstrates that wild-type S. cerevisiae can synthesize butanol, suggesting that selection and genetic modification of this microorganism could yield promising results. The findings presented here may prove useful for future studies aimed at optimizing S. cerevisiae strains for butanol production.
Genetic association between mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms and viral hepatitis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Qie Chunhua , Liu Yamin , Ma Ping , Wu Hongzhang 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Some previous genetic association studies have tried to investigate potential associations between mannose-binding lectin (MBL) polymorphisms and viral hepatitis. However, the results of those studies were not consistent. Therefore, we performed the current meta-analysis to explore associations between MBL polymorphisms and viral hepatitis in a large pooled population. A systematic literature research of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CNKI was performed to identify eligible studies for pooled analyses. We used Review Manager version 5.3.3 to conduct statistical analyses. In total, 27 studies were included for analysis (4840 cases and 5729 controls). The pooled analyses showed that MBL promoter (-211C/G, dominant model: P = 0.0002, I2 = 40%; over-dominant model: P = 0.0001, I2 = 22%) and exon 1 (codon 52, 54 and 57, dominant model: P = 0.04, I2 = 49%; allele model: P = 0.01, I2 = 48%) polymorphisms were both significantly associated with viral hepatitis in the overall population. Further subgroup analyses revealed similarly significant findings for MBL promoter polymorphism in HBV and HCV, but no positive results were detected in subgroup analyses for MBL exon 1 polymorphism. These results suggested that MBL promoter and exon 1 polymorphisms could be used to identify individuals at higher susceptibility to HBV and HCV.
SeQuiLa-cov: A fast and scalable library for depth of coverage calculations
Authors: Wiewiórka Marek , Szmurło Agnieszka , Kuśmirek Wiktor , Gambin Tomasz 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Depth of coverage calculation is an important and computationally intensive preprocessing step in a variety of next-generation sequencing pipelines, including the analysis of RNA-sequencing data, detection of copy number variants, or quality control procedures.

Results
Building upon big data technologies, we have developed SeQuiLa-cov, an extension to the recently released SeQuiLa platform, which provides efficient depth of coverage calculations, reaching &gt;100× speedup over the state-of-the-art tools. The performance and scalability of our solution allow for exome and genome-wide calculations running locally or on a cluster while hiding the complexity of the distributed computing with Structured Query Language Application Programming Interface.

Conclusions
SeQuiLa-cov provides significant performance gain in depth of coverage calculations streamlining the widely used bioinformatic processing pipelines.
The Reception by Domestic Courts of the Res Interpretata Effect of Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Giannopoulos Christos 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on two subjects: the attitude of national courts towards the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and their role in the achievement of effective domestic implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights. The first topic outlines a typology of the positions adopted, which is proposed in order to underline the national strategies regarding the reception of the res interpretata effect of the Court’s judgments. The second provides a critical analysis of the mirror metaphor, which is proposed to resolve some unproven and untested assumptions that domestic courts act as puppets and cannot go beyond Convention standards without violating the Court’s authentic interpretations. In both cases, examples are given of domestic courts’ practices in order to clarify that the judicial interaction between domestic courts and the European Court of Human Rights is not always harmonious.
Regional variation in directed swimming by Atlantic salmon smolts leaving Scottish waters for their oceanic feeding grounds—a modelling study
Authors: Ounsley James P , Gallego Alejandro , Morris David J , Armstrong John D 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn understanding of the migratory trajectories and behaviours of Atlantic salmon post-smolts during the early marine phase of their life cycle is needed for effective conservation and marine planning. A simulation study of post-smolt migration from Scottish shores was carried out, combining a high-resolution hydrodynamic model of the Scottish continental shelf with a Lagrangian particle tracking model. Various different notional swimming behavioural scenarios were simulated, including current-orientated and compass-directed movement across a range of swimming speeds. Current-following behaviours did not facilitate migration towards feeding grounds in the North Atlantic. In addition, modelled trajectories resulting from directed-swimming behaviours imply that populations around Scotland need to adopt different locally adapted migratory strategies to successfully reach their feeding grounds.
‘Potayto, potahto’: Rustic Twist’s potato product infringes Simplot’s Community design
Authors: Foscolos Eleni 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
President of the District Court of The Hague of 12 September 2017 (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2017:10353) and Court of Appeal of The Hague of 21 May 2019 (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2019:1323) - J.R. Simplot Company v McCain Foods Holland B.V. and McCain Foods Europe B.V.
The Court of Appeal of The Hague upheld the decision at first instance in preliminary injunction proceedings, confirming that McCain’s ‘Rustic Twist’ French fry potato product infringed Simplot’s Community design and tackling interesting questions regarding the validity assessment of Registered Community Designs.
Giant cold satellites from low-concentration haloes
Authors: Amorisco Nicola C 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The dwarf satellite galaxies of the Milky Way Crater II and Antlia II have uncommonly low dynamical mass densities, due to their large size and low velocity dispersion. Previous work have found it difficult to identify formation scenarios within the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) framework and have invoked cored dark matter haloes, processed by tides. I show that the tidal evolution of ΛCDM NFW haloes is richer than previously recognized. In haloes that fall short of the mass–concentration relation, tidal heating causes the innermost regions to expand significantly, resulting in the formation of giant, kinematically cold satellites like Crater II and Antlia II. While these satellites are reaching apocentre, extra-tidal material can cause an even more inflated appearance. If originally underconcentrated, Crater II and Antlia II may well have experienced very little mass loss, as in fact hinted by their observed metallicity. On a cosmological scale, satellites with low dynamical mass densities are not a rare occurrence, but were more frequent in the past. If indeed a satellite of NGC 1052, the same mechanism may similarly have led to the formation of NGC 1052-DF2.
A transient reporter for editing enrichment (TREE) in human cells
Authors: Standage-Beier Kylie , Tekel Stefan J , Brookhouser Nicholas , Schwarz Grace , Nguyen Toan , Wang Xiao , Brafman David A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Current approaches to identify cell populations that have been modified with deaminase base editing technologies are inefficient and rely on downstream sequencing techniques. In this study, we utilized a blue fluorescent protein (BFP) that converts to green fluorescent protein (GFP) upon a C-to-T substitution as an assay to report directly on base editing activity within a cell. Using this assay, we optimize various base editing transfection parameters and delivery strategies. Moreover, we utilize this assay in conjunction with flow cytometry to develop a transient reporter for editing enrichment (TREE) to efficiently purify base-edited cell populations. Compared to conventional cell enrichment strategies that employ reporters of transfection (RoT), TREE significantly improved the editing efficiency at multiple independent loci, with efficiencies approaching 80%. We also employed the BFP-to-GFP conversion assay to optimize base editor vector design in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), a cell type that is resistant to genome editing and in which modification via base editors has not been previously reported. At last, using these optimized vectors in the context of TREE allowed for the highly efficient editing of hPSCs. We envision TREE as a readily adoptable method to facilitate base editing applications in synthetic biology, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine.
Using the tools of proteomics to understand the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Karasawa Rie , Jarvis James N. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
One of the most important advances in medical research over the past 20 years has been the emergence of technologies to assess complex biological processes on a global scale. Although a great deal of attention has been given to genome-scale genetics and genomics technologies, the utility of studying the proteome in a comprehensive way is sometimes under-appreciated. In this review, we discuss recent advances in proteomics as applied to dermatomyositis/polymyositis as well as findings from other inflammatory diseases that may enlighten our understanding of dermatomyositis/polymyositis.

Recent findings
Proteomic approaches have been used to investigate basic mechanisms contributing to lung and skin disease in dermatomyositis/polymyositis as well as to the muscle disease itself. In addition, proteomic approaches have been used to identify autoantibodies targeting the endothelium in juvenile dermatomyositis. Studies from other inflammatory diseases have shown the promise of using proteomics to characterize the composition of immune complexes and the protein cargoes of exosomes.

Summary
There are many relevant scientific and clinical questions in dermatomyositis/polymyositis that can be addressed using proteomics approaches. Careful attention to both methodology and analytic approaches are required to obtain useful and reproducible data.
An Alternative to the Traditional Radiocapitellar Line for Pediatric Forearm Radiograph Assessment in Monteggia Fracture
Authors: Wang Cui , Su Yuxi 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
To find a new reference for assessment of pediatric forearm radiographs besides the traditional RCL.

Methods:
RCLs were drawn on the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of 170 normal pediatric forearms. Three lines were drawn on each radiograph: the first was drawn along the longitudinal center of the radial neck (N-line); the second, along the radial shaft (S-line); and the third, through the midpoints of the proximal and distal radial physes (P-line).

Results:
The P-line was least likely to miss the capitellum on both AP views and lateral views, and the P-line most frequently passed through the central third of the capitellum on both AP views and lateral views.

Conclusions:
Our proposed radiocapitellar P-line was found to be much more reliable in younger children than traditional RCLs.
Project ECHO Chronic Pain: A Qualitative Analysis of Recommendations by Expert Faculty and the Process of Knowledge Translation
Authors: Thies Kathleen M. , Anderson Daren , Beals-Reid Colin 
Published: August 2019

Introduction:
Previous studies of the same Project ECHO Chronic Pain cohort demonstrated that recommendations to primary care providers (PCPs) by expert faculty follow CDC Guidelines for Prescribing Opioids and that participating PCPs change their practice accordingly. The purpose of this study was to identify how expert faculty translates knowledge, so that PCPs can act on it.

Methods:
One hundred ninety-seven PCPs from 82 practices in 14 states attended at least one Project ECHO Chronic Pain session over 10 months, hosted by a large federally qualified health center. Expert faculty was a multidisciplinary panel of six clinicians. Recommendations for 25 randomly selected case presentations were transcribed, yielding 406 discrete units of data. A thematic analysis contributed to a concept map for knowledge translation.

Results:
Expert faculty addressed psychosocial issues in 40% of recommendations. Three themes represented a familiar clinical decision-making process: recommendations for treatment accounted for risk factors and patient engagement and behavior. A concept map placed the recommendations for selected cases in the first phase of the action cycle in the Knowledge-to-Action framework, where knowledge is shared but not yet acted on.

Discussion:
Project ECHO Chronic Pain is an example of iterative guided practice, wherein expert faculty use published guidelines and professional experience to make recommendations for patient care to PCPs. This occurs using shared social–cultural–historical language and context consistent with social constructivist theories of learning.
A review on the health hazards of anabolic steroids
Authors: Horwitz Henrik , Christoffersen Thea 
Published: August 2019

Summary
In 1935, testosterone was finally isolated and synthesized, and testosterone-analogs soon entered the world of sports. Today, the use of these performance-enhancing agents is no longer confined to the elite sports milieu, and the lifetime prevalence of anabolic steroid use among men is estimated to be around 6%. Unfortunately, these drugs are not without side effects, and the most common somatic adverse drug reactions are gynaecomastia, infertility, testicular dysfunction, and acne. Furthermore, the use of AAS is associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders and antisocial behaviour.
The impact of clinic design on teamwork development in primary care
Authors: Stroebel Robert J. , Obeidat Bushra , Lim Lisa , Mitchell Jay D. , Jasperson David B. , Zimring Craig 
Published: August 2019

Background
Traditional clinic design supports a high-volume, hierarchical practice model. New design models are evolving to foster a high-functioning team delivery model.

Purpose
The goal of this study was to determine whether new design models, specifically colocation, improve care team development.

Methodology/Approach
A quasi-experimental design was used in this study to obtain validated teamwork development scores and patient satisfaction data to compare clinic design models. We took advantage of a difference in designs of primary care clinics among several clinics within the same care system in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. The participants were staff members of the primary care delivery teams in the studied clinics. The intervention was a redesign of staff space in the clinic. Our measures included a validated measure of team development and a commonly used patient satisfaction tool that were both in use at our institution at the time of the study.

Results
Teamwork scores were significantly higher in clinics where the primary work space of the entire team was colocated than in clinics where providers were in spaces separate from other team members. The differences in scores held across team roles, including providers, registered nurses, and licensed practical nurses. Patient satisfaction was not different.

Conclusion
Colocation in clinic design appears to have a significant impact on team development across primary care team member roles.

Practice Implications
Primary care practice leaders should consider colocated clinic designs if their goal is to optimize care team development in support of team-based care delivery models. A more precise understanding of colocation that includes aspects such as distance to and visibility to teammates might help improve design in the future.
Using the Language of the ICF to Distinguish Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Services in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Schwab Sarah M. , Zeleznik Allison J. 
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose:
Acute care physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) are frequently confronted with the question, “What is the difference between PT and OT?” The response, “PTs work with lower extremities and OTs work with upper extremities,” is common. Such an approach to this question is antiquated and misleading. It undervalues each respective discipline and de-emphasizes the goal of functional rehabilitation. The objective of this clinical perspective is to provide an alternative response for acute care therapists to offer patients, families, and other health care practitioners with a focus on activities and participation chapters of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

Methods:
To achieve this objective, the article addresses the following topics: (1) historical roles of each discipline; (2) a proposed shift in which roles are described in terms of specific activities and participation chapters of the ICF; and (3) acknowledgment of the overlap between the 2 disciplines.

Conclusions:
The distinction between PT and OT should be based on ICF chapters of activities and participation to convey the skill of each discipline. Overlap between the fields, particularly with the overall objective of therapy, optimization of functional movement, should be acknowledged.
Functional Status of Patients After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Fick Ann , Tymkew Heidi , Cousins Emily , Bess Lauren , Halpin Laura , Pasch Allyson , King Shawn , Rosentreter Caitlin , Arroyo Cassandra , Oluwole-Sangoseni Olaide 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with aortic stenosis. This study aimed to describe the functional status and determine relationships between patient characteristics, such as age and functional outcomes, following a transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure in the acute care setting.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of 100 patients. Patients were divided into 4 groups: ≤69, 70 to 79, 80 to 89, and 90-plus years of age. General demographics, Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit, and ambulation distance were collected.

Results:
Mean age was 79.7 (SD = 8.3) years with 56% female. The first day after surgery, 78% were able to participate in out-of-bed activities. Significant improvement in ambulation distance and Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit scores from evaluation to discharge (P < .001) were noted in patients receiving 2 or more visits. No significant differences were found between age groups and outcome variables except that patients in the 90-plus age group were more likely to use an assistive device prior to surgery (P = .004).

Conclusions:
Patients' status post–transcatheter aortic valve replacement demonstrated improvement in their functional mobility during a short length of stay and were typically discharged home. Age did not appear to significantly impact the patients' ability to participate in early mobility or influence their discharge location.