bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction. Dislocating labour: anthropological reconfigurations
Authors: Harvey Penny , Krohn‐Hansen Christian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the introduction to this volume on ‘dislocating labour’ we seek to lay the ground for an anthropology of labour that extends beyond the industrial heartlands from which the concept emerged. Remaining aware of the analytical purchase of the focus on the labour/capital relation, we argue that the ethnographic exploration of this relation allows us to extend the reach of the labour concept. It also allows us to explore the diverse ways in which labour relations are experienced beyond the confines of the economic, bringing kinship, personhood, affect, politics, and sociality firmly back into the frame of capitalist value creation. We draw on the notion of dislocation to extend the repertoire of labour analysis beyond that of dispossession and/or disorganization. By dislocation we refer to the unevenness of transnational capitalism's unfolding and the ways in which both places and persons are reconfigured by the movements of capital. Dislocation thus refers to the spatial movements of refugees and migrant workers, but also to other senses of disruption, such as the sentiment of feeling out of place, or of losing your bearings as things move and change around you.
Intrauterine adhesions following an induced termination of pregnancy: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Mentula M , Männistö J , Gissler M , Heikinheimo O , Niinimäki M 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveIntrauterine adhesions (IUAs) are a problematic complication after termination of pregnancy, but their incidence is unknown. Our objective was to assess the incidence of IUAs following induced termination of pregnancy and the risk factors for IUAs.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingA nationwide registry study.SampleAll women undergoing induced termination of pregnancy (n = 80 015) in Finland between 2000 and 2008.MethodsThe data were retrieved from the Finnish Abortion Registry and the Hospital Discharge Registry. The diagnosis of IUAs or complications was based on the diagnostic codes (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision, ICD‐10) and operative codes according to the Nordic Medico‐Statistical Committee (NOMESCO) Classification of Surgical Procedures (NCSP). IUAs were defined as ICD‐10 code N85.6 or operative code LCG02. A subanalysis of IUA cases and five matched controls was performed.Main outcome measuresThe incidence of and risk factors for IUAs.ResultsA total of 12 (1.5 per 10 000) IUA diagnoses were identified from 79 960 eligible induced terminations of pregnancy. The rate of IUAs was 1.5 and 2.0 cases per 10 000 terminations of pregnancy following medically and surgically induced termination of pregnancy, respectively (P = 0.19). In a subgroup analysis of IUA cases and five matched controls, surgical treatment of the remaining products of conception following termination of pregnancy significantly increased the risk of IUAs (odds ratio, OR 5.50; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.46–20.79; P = 0.012).ConclusionIUAs that require further treatment are rare after an induced termination of pregnancy. Surgical evacuation following medical or surgical termination of pregnancy was a risk factor for the diagnosis of IUAs. These results suggest that trauma to a recently pregnant uterus is an important risk factor for IUAs.Tweetable abstractIUA is rare after induced termination of pregnancy (iTOP), but surgical evacuation is a risk factor for IUAs.
The charismatic leadership of the ECB presidency: A language‐based analysis
Authors: TORTOLA PIER DOMENICO , PANSARDI PAMELA 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere is little doubt that the European Central Bank (ECB), and in particular its presidency, has taken the lead in tackling the euro crisis. But can this leadership be also characterised as charismatic? This article answers the question by focusing on language – a key component as well as a reliable indicator of charisma. By means of a software‐assisted content analysis of the entire corpus of ECB presidential speeches, it is found that the crisis has indeed led to the emergence of the Bank's presidency as a charismatic euro leader. This in turn confirms the recent politicisation of the ECB, but at the same time might be seen as mitigating the problems related to the Bank's democratic deficit, to the extent that charisma can be seen, from a Weberian standpoint, as an alternative source of political legitimacy.
Home Visit‐Based Community Paramedicine and Its Potential Role in Improving Patient‐Centered Primary Care: A Grounded Theory Study and Framework
Authors: Dainty Katie N. , Seaton M. Bianca , Drennan Ian R. , Morrison Laurie J. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveCommunity paramedicine (CP) is a model of community‐based health care being used around the world. Our objective was to study the patient perspective and valuation of this type of program to understand its potential value for primary care innovation in the future.Study SettingThe EPIC community paramedicine program is a partnership between primary care physicians and specially trained community paramedics, designed to provide in‐home support for complex chronic disease patients in Ontario, Canada.Study DesignAs part of an ongoing clinical trial we designed an embedded qualitative evaluation using constructionist grounded theory methodology.Data Collection MethodsData collection included in‐depth interviews with 30 patients and/or family members and 60 hours of observation.Principal FindingsThe health care needs of this complex population are largely attributes that impact a patient's quality of life—including recognition of their vulnerability, providing a safety‐net in times of exacerbation and health education and accountability. This seems to be facilitated by a relationship with a dedicated provider that increases continuity of care.ConclusionsHome‐based community paramedicine programs like EPIC appear to be able to create a patient‐centered, safe, responsive therapeutic relationship that is often not possible within the standard primary health care system.
Potential impact of genetically modified Lepidoptera‐resistant Brassica napus in biodiversity hotspots: Sicily as a theoretical model
Authors: Manachini Barbara , Bazan Giuseppe , Schicchi Rosario 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe general increase of the cultivation and trade of Bt transgenic plants resistant to Lepidoptera pests raises concerns regarding the conservation of animal and plant biodiversity. Demand for biofuels has increased the cultivation and importation of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), including transgenic lines. In environmental risk assessments (ERAs) for its potential future cultivation as well as for food and feed uses, the impact on wild Brassicaeae relatives and on non‐target Lepidoptera should be assessed. Here we consider the potential exposure of butterflies as results of possible cultivation or naturalization of spilled seed in Sicily (Italy). Diurnal Lepidoptera, which are pollinators, can be exposed directly to the insecticidal proteins as larvae (mainly of Pieridae) through the host and through the pollen that can deposit on other host plants. Adults can be exposed via pollen and nectar. The flight periods of butterflies were recorded, and they were found to overlap for about 90% of the flowering period of B. napus for the majority of the species. In addition, B. napus has a high potential to hybridise with endemic taxa belonging to the B. oleracea group. This could lead to an exposure of non‐target Lepidoptera if introgression of the Bt gene into a wild population happens. A rank of the risk for butterflies and wild relatives of oilseed rape is given. We conclude that, in environmental risk assessments, attention should be paid to plant–insect interaction especially in a biodiversity hotspot such as Sicily.
Characteristics of older adults with diabetes: What does the current aged care resident look like?
Authors: Farrer Olivia , Yaxley Alison , Walton Karen , Miller Michelle 
Published: March 2018

AimThe prevalence of diabetes in older adults in residential aged care (RAC) is twice that of community dwelling older adults. Older adults with diabetes have been highlighted as being at high risk of frailty and malnutrition, particularly when managed on a therapeutic diet. However, assumptions may be based on clinical presentation of our oldest old which may be at conflict with the clinical presentation of younger older adults. The aim of this retrospective audit was to identify the characteristics of aged care residents with diabetes, their comorbidities and malnutrition risk.MethodsResidents' with diabetes paper‐based records were audited for demographic data, diet code, medical and medication history, malnutrition risk screening scores and anthropometric data.ResultsA total of 295 residents with diabetes records were audited across 13 sites in South Australia. Younger older adults (65–74 years) were generally in a healthy weight range (23–30 kg/m2) or obese (>30 kg/m2) and had gained weight since admission to RAC; whereas the oldest old were more likely to have lost weight and had a lower body mass index range 22.6–28.9 kg/m2. An unexpected finding was the variability between RAC sites in dietary management of diabetes and potential inappropriate dietary management of malnutrition, as indicated by their food service diet codes.ConclusionsFindings suggest that younger older adults in RAC are more likely to be overweight which is maintained over a typical length of stay. Study findings indicate that diabetes management is inconsistent and highlights the need for mandated RAC menu guidelines.
The role of pay secrecy policies and employee secrecy preferences in shaping job attitudes
Authors: Smit Brandon W. , Montag‐Smit Tamara 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough pay secrecy continues to garner attention in human resource management, little research examines how these policies impact employees. Research inconsistently links secretive pay policies to unfavourable outcomes but has yet to consider that employees may have varying attitudes toward these policies. We examine how employee preferences modify the effect that organisational pay secrecy policies have on employee attitudes in a sample of 431 employed adults. To accomplish this goal, we create measures of pay secrecy policies and pay secrecy preferences that each differentiate two facets of pay secrecy: distributive pay non‐disclosure and communication restriction. Polynomial and moderated regression analyses indicated that disparities between employee preferences and organisational pay secrecy policies can reduce job satisfaction and perceptions of informational, interpersonal, and procedural justice under certain circumstances. These results simultaneously highlight the importance of employee attitudes toward pay secrecy policies and the challenges human resource practitioners face in managing employees with diverse preferences.
Influence of Tannin Extract and Yeast Extract on Color Preservation and Anthocyanin Content of Mulberry Wine
Authors: You Yilin , Li Na , Han Xue , Guo Jielong , Liu Guojie , Huang Weidong , Zhan Jicheng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe color of mulberry wine is extremely unstable in processing and aging. This paper investigates the effects of tannin extract and yeast extract on the color and color‐preserving characteristics of mulberry wine made from the Dashi cultivar. The results showed that the maximum absorption wavelength in both tannin extract and yeast extract groups changed generating the red shift effect. The color of the tannin extract maintained a good gloss in the first 4 months, while the yeast extract group showed remarkable color preservation for the first 3 months. The total anthocyanin and cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside contents in both experiment groups were significantly higher than that of the control group, thus proving that tannin extract and yeast extract both exert a remarkably positive effect on preserving the color of mulberry wine during its aging. Moreover, sensory analysis indicated that the quality of mulberry wine treated with tannin extract was significantly higher than that of the control.Practical ApplicationThe distinct color of mulberry wine is one of the foremost qualities that imprints on consumers’ senses, but it is extremely unstable in processing and aging. However, the color protection of mulberry wine was not studied previously. In this study, we found that tannin extract and yeast extract both exert a remarkably positive effect on preserving the color of mulberry wine during aging. The study is of great significance as a guide to improving the color stability of mulberry wine, thereby also improving and promoting the development of the mulberry deep processing industry.
Fast and Quantitative Analysis of Ediphenphos Residue in Rice Using Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Weng Shizhuang , Wang Fang , Dong Ronglu , Qiu Mengqing , Zhao Jinling , Huang Linsheng , Zhang Dongyan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDetection of residual farm chemicals in agricultural crops is a hot topic in the field of food safety. In this study, ediphenphos residue in rice was detected using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on a portable Raman spectrometer. A simple pretreatment method for rice samples was developed, and uniform gold nanorods were used for SERS measurement. Characteristic signals can still be detected when ediphenphos concentration in rice extraction solution was higher than or equal to 0.1 mg/L. Quantitative analysis of ediphenphos was conducted by regression models developed using partial least‐squares regression, random forest and kernel principal component analysis, and root‐mean‐square error of cross validation, coefficient of determination and relative predicted deviation of optimal model were 0.022 mg/L, 0.9967 and 297.45, which indicated the proposed method can predict ediphenphos concentration with high precision. To validate the feasibility of practical application further, rice samples spiked with 10, 5, 1, 0.5, and 0.1 μg/g ediphenphos residue were analyzed using the above method. The predicted recovery was in the range of 93.4% to 102%, and the predicted error was small for residue of each concentration. These results demonstrated that the presented method could be used for accurate and quantitative detection of ediphenphos residue in rice.Practical ApplicationThis study developed a surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for detection of ediphenphos in rice coupled with simple extraction protocol and gold nanorods on a portable Raman spectrometer. SERS is a rapid and accurate method which can be applied in agricultural grain safety inspection.
Exchange‐Sponsored Analyst Coverage
Authors: Gao Ru (Tina) , Shivakumar Lakshmanan , Sidhu Baljit K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSeveral major stock exchanges, including the NASDAQ and NYSE Euronext, have recently embarked on schemes to sponsor and promote analyst coverage for firms listed on their exchanges. We evaluate the efficacy of one such scheme pioneered by the Singapore Exchange (SGX). We find that sponsored analysts produce forecasts with similar bias, but lower accuracy than those issued by analysts voluntarily following a firm. In analyses that control for self‐selection into the SGX Scheme, we find that sponsored firms enjoy at best minor improvements in their information environments and stock liquidity. Any benefits accruing from the scheme are insufficient to make sponsored firms fully comparable to those of firms with voluntary analyst following on the measured attributes.
Development and application of a simple, rapid and sensitive method for detecting moderately carbendazim‐resistant isolates in Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Duan Y.B. , Yang Y. , Li M.X. , Li T. , Fraaije B.A. , Zhou M.G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSustainable disease management depends on the ability to monitor the development of fungicide resistance in pathogen populations. A point mutation resulting in an alteration (F200Y) at codon 200 of the target protein β‐tubulin leads to a moderate level of resistance to carbendazim in Botrytis cinerea. Although traditional methods remain a cornerstone in detection of fungicide resistance, molecular methods that do not require the isolation of pathogens, can detect the presence of resistance alleles at low frequencies, and require less time and labour than traditional methods. In this study, we present an efficient, rapid, and highly specific method for detecting the moderately carbendazim‐resistant isolates in B. cinerea based on loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). By using specific LAMP primers, we detected the resistance‐conferring mutation underlying β‐tubulin F200Y. The concentrations of LAMP components and LAMP parameters were optimised, resulting in reaction temperatures and times of 61–65°C and 45 min, respectively. The feasibility of the LAMP assay was verified by assaying the diseased samples with artificial inoculation in the different hosts. The LAMP assay developed in the current study was specific, stable, repeatable and sensitive, and was successfully applied for detection of moderately carbendazim‐resistant isolates of B. cinerea in plant samples.
Cost‐effectiveness of alternative smoking cessation scenarios in Spain: results from the EQUIPTMOD
Authors: Trapero‐Bertran Marta , Muñoz Celia , Coyle Kathryn , Coyle Doug , Lester‐George Adam , Leidl Reiner , Németh Bertalan , Cheung Kei‐Long , Pokhrel Subhash , Lopez‐Nicolás Ángel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsTo assess the cost‐effectiveness of alternative smoking cessation scenarios from the perspective of the Spanish National Health Service (NHS).DesignWe used the European study on Quantifying Utility of Investment in Protection from Tobacco model (EQUIPTMOD), a Markov‐based state transition economic model, to estimate the return on investment (ROI) of: (a) the current provision of smoking cessation services (brief physician advice and printed self‐helped material + smoking ban and tobacco duty at current levels); and (b) four alternative scenarios to complement the current provision: coverage of proactive telephone calls; nicotine replacement therapy (mono and combo) [prescription nicotine replacement therapy (Rx NRT)]; varenicline (standard duration); or bupropion. A rate of 3% was used to discount life‐time costs and benefits.SettingSpain.ParticipantsAdult smoking population (16+ years).MeasurementsHealth‐care costs associated with treatment of smoking attributable diseases (lung cancer, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary infection and stroke); intervention costs; quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs and outcomes were summarized using various ROI estimates.FindingsThe cost of implementing the current provision of smoking cessation services is approximately €61 million in the current year. This translates to 18 quitters per 1000 smokers and a life‐time benefit–cost ratio of 5, compared with no such provision. All alternative scenarios were dominant (cost‐saving: less expensive to run and generated more QALYs) from the life‐time perspective, compared with the current provision. The life‐time benefit–cost ratios were: 1.87 (proactive telephone calls); 1.17 (Rx NRT); 2.40 (varenicline‐standard duration); and bupropion (2.18). The results remained robust in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsAccording to the EQUIPTMOD modelling tool it would be cost‐effective for the Spanish authorities to expand the reach of existing GP brief interventions for smoking cessation, provide pro‐active telephone support, and reimburse smoking cessation medication to smokers trying to stop. Such policies would more than pay for themselves in the long run.
Flammability dynamics in the Australian Alps
Authors: Zylstra Philip John 
Published: March 2018

AbstractForests of the Australian Alps (SEAustralia) are considered some of the most vulnerable to climate change in the country, with ecosystem collapse considered likely for some due to frequent fire. It is not yet known, however, whether increasing fire frequency may stabilize due to reductions in flammability related to reduced time for fuel accumulation, show no trend, or increase due to positive feedbacks related to vegetation changes. To determine what these trends have been historically, dynamics were measured for 58 years of mapped fire history. The 1.4 million ha forested area was divided into broad formations based on structure and dominant canopy trees, and dynamics were measured for each using flammability ratio, a modification of probability of ignition at a point. Crown fire likelihood was measured for each formation, based on satellite‐derived measurements of the 2003 fire effects across a large part of the area. Contrary to popular perception but consistent with mechanistic expectations, all forests exhibited pronounced positive feedbacks. The strongest response was observed in tall, wet forests dominated by Ash‐type eucalypts, where, despite a short period of low flammability following fire, post‐disturbance stands have been more than eight times as likely to burn than have mature stands. The weakest feedbacks occurred in open forest, although post‐disturbance forests were still 1.5 times as likely to burn as mature forests. Apart from low, dry open woodland where there was insufficient data to detect a trend, all forests were most likely to experience crown fire during their period of regeneration. The implications of this are significant for the Alps, as increasing fire frequency has the potential to accelerate by producing an increasingly flammable landscape. These effects may be semi‐permanent in tall, wet forest, where frequent fire promotes ecosystem collapse into either the more flammable open forest formation, or to heathland.
Price premiums, payment delays, and default risk: understanding developing country farmers’ decisions to market through a cooperative or a private trader
Authors: Saitone Tina L. , Sexton Richard J. , Malan Benoît 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSmallholder farmers in developing countries face a competitive disadvantage in modern agricultural supply chains. Joint marketing through cooperatives is a potential tool to mitigate these disadvantages; yet cooperatives’ success in these settings is uneven at best. We develop an analytical model to study a farmer's choice of selling to a private trader who pays cash on delivery but may exercise market power or a cooperative that promises a price premium but delays payment and carries a concomitant risk of default. In the presence of impatient and risk‐averse farmers, we show that these factors can severely limit smallholder patronage of a cooperative, despite a promised price premium. We then construct and parameterize a simulation model to fit a profile of heterogeneous farmers within a prototype developing‐country village, and study the optimal decisions of farmers regarding marketing through a cooperative versus a private trader. Results suggest that modest improvements in either timeliness of payment or probability of default can induce a substantial increase in a cooperative's market share and economic viability. Extending the simulation analysis to a dynamic setting shows how implementing reasonable policies to improve a cooperative's payment timeliness and default probability can markedly improve its growth trajectory.