bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High dietary vitamin C intake reduces glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppression and measures of oxidative stress in vitamin C-deficient senescence marker protein 30 knockout mice
Authors: Uchio Ryusei , Hirose Yoshitaka , Murosaki Shinji , Ishigami Akihito 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVitamin C (VC) is a vital micronutrient for humans and some other mammals and also has antioxidant activity. Stress-induced elevation of glucocorticoid production is well known to cause immunosuppression. The present study evaluated the effect of high VC intake on glucocorticoid-induced immune changes in mice. Senescence marker protein 30 knockout mice with genetic VC deficiency were fed a diet containing the recommended VC content (20 mg/kg per d; 0·02 %VC group) or a high VC content (200 mg/kg per d; 0·2 %VC group) for 2 months, then dexamethasone was given by intraperitoneal injection. After administration of dexamethasone, the plasma ascorbic acid concentration decreased significantly in the 0·02 %VC group and was unchanged in wild-type C57BL/6 mice on a VC-deficient diet (wild-type group), while it was significantly higher in the 0·2 %VC group compared with the other two groups. In the 0·02 %VC and wild-type groups, dexamethasone caused a significant decrease in the cluster of differentiation (CD)4+and CD8+T cells among splenocytes as well as a significant decrease in IL-2, IL-12p40 and interferon-γ protein production by splenocytes and a significant decrease in T-cell proliferation among splenocytes. In the 0·2 %VC group, these dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression improved when compared with the other two groups. In addition, reduction in the intracellular levels of ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase and glutathione in splenocytes by dexamethasone as well as elevation in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly suppressed in the 0·2 %VC group. These findings suggest that high dietary VC intake reduces glucocorticoid-induced T-cell dysfunction by maintaining intracellular antioxidant activity.
From Across the Water: Nusakambangan and the Making of a Notorious Prison Island
Authors: Stutje Klaas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article examines the social and spatial embedding of the Indonesian prison island of Nusakambangan within the colonial society of the Dutch East Indies. It challenges the conception of the colonial prison site as an unquestioned symbol of discipline and control in the hands of the authorities, doing so by studying the various images, reputations, and stigmas of the island that circulated in the colony. Its reputation was established and disseminated by journalists, politicians, and other “informed outsiders”, who paid short authorized visits to the island, and their conclusions and evaluations determined, to a large extent, the effectiveness of Nusakambangan as a deterrent and as a symbol of colonial discipline and control.
Stories from people living with frailty
Authors: Lloyd Anna , Haraldsdottir Erna , Kendall Marilyn , Murray Scott A. , McCormack Brendan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe describe the findings of a qualitative longitudinal interview study of a group of initially community-dwelling frail older people, and their informal and formal carers. We used a narrative approach to explore the role that narrative may have for people living with frailty. This has been less explored comparative to the experiences of those living with chronic illness. The frail older people told stories of their experiences that revealed three distinct shapes or typologies. These were eitherstable,unbalancingoroverwhelmed, and related to how the person managed to adapt to increasing challenges and losses, and to reintegrate their sense of self into a cohesive narrative. Each is illustrated by an individual case story. Frailty is described as both biographically anticipated yet potentially biographically disruptive as older people may struggle to make sense of their circumstances without a clear single causative factor. Findings are discussed in relation to biographical disruption and reconstruction in chronic illness and the rhetoric around ‘successful ageing’. We conclude by drawing attention to the complex individual and social factors that contribute to the experience of living with frailty in later life.
Intranuclear characteristics of pig oocytes stained with brilliant cresyl blue and nucleologenesis of resulting embryos
Authors: Murin Matej , Strejcek Frantisek , Bartkova Alexandra , Morovic Martin , Benc Michal , Prochazka Radek , Lucas-Hahn Andrea , Pendovski Lazo , Laurincik Jozef 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBrilliant cresyl blue (BCB) vital labelling is a powerful method for analyzing the quality of porcine cumulus–oocyte complexes. Our aim was to investigate the correlation between the selection of porcine oocytes using BCB labelling and selected intranuclear characteristics of porcine oocytes and parthenotes. Moreover, BCB labelling was correlated with the diameter of the oocyte and the developmental potential of the parthenotes. The following methods were used: BCB labelling, measurement of the diameter of the oocyte, parthenogenetic activation, immunocytochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, enucleation and relative protein concentration (RPC) analysis. We determined that the diameter of the oocytes in the BCB-positive (BCB+) group was significantly larger than in the BCB-negative (BCB−) group. Immediately after oocyte selection according to BCB labelling, we found significant difference in chromatin configuration between the analyzed groups. BCB+ oocytes were significantly better at maturation than BCB− oocytes. BCB+ embryos were significantly more competent at cleaving and in their ability to reach the blastocyst stage than BCB− embryos. Ultrastructural analyses showed that the formation of active nucleoli in the BCB+ group started at the 8-cell stage. Conversely, most BCB− embryos at the 8-cell and 16-cell stages were fragmented. No statistically significant difference in RPC in nucleolus precursor bodies (NPBs) between BCB+ and BCB− oocytes was found. We can conclude that BCB labelling could be suitable for assessing the quality of porcine oocytes. Moreover, the evaluation of RPC indicates that the quantitative content of proteins in NPB is already established in growing oocytes.
Sperm characterization of the Amazonian freshwater cururu stingrayPotamotrygon wallacei(Potamotryogonidae): basic knowledge for reproduction and conservation plans
Authors: Morales-Gamba Ruben Dario , Caldas Jôsie Schwartz , Godoy Leandro , Marcon Jaydione Luiz 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis study aimed to describe the morphology and sperm quality of free-living adult males of cururu stingrayPotamotrygon wallacei, endemic from the Rio Negro basin, Brazilian Amazon. The sperm was collectedin locofrom the seminal vesicle region and fixed in buffered saline formaldehyde solution for further evaluation of morphometry, sperm plasma membrane integrity and sperm concentration. The spermatozoa presented a total length of 138.25 ± 1.82 μm with a helical shape and a long head. A high percentage of cells with intact membrane (98 ± 2%) and normal spermatozoa (92 ± 1%) were observed. The cell concentration was 0.34 ± 0.05 × 1010spermatozoa/ml of semen. These observations are unprecedented for potamotrygonid species and will serve as a basis for future management and conservation strategies.
Comparison of iodine status pre- and post-mandatory iodine fortification of bread in South Australia: a population study using newborn thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration as a marker
Authors: Wassie Molla Mesele , Yelland Lisa N , Smithers Lisa G , Ranieri Enzo , Zhou Shao Jia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of mandatory iodine fortification of bread on the iodine status of South Australian populations using newborn thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration as a marker.Design:The study used an interrupted time-series design.Setting:TSH data collected between 2005 and 2016 (n 211 033) were extracted from the routine newborn screening programme in South Australia for analysis. Iodine deficiency is indicated when more than 3 % of newborns have TSH > 5 mIU/l.Participants:Newborns were classified into three groups: the pre-fortification group (those born before October 2009); the transition group (born between October 2009 and June 2010); and the post-fortification group (born after June 2010).Results:The percentage of newborns with TSH > 5 mIU/l was 5·1, 6·2 and 4·6 % in the pre-fortification, transition and post-fortification groups, respectively. Based on a segmented regression model, newborns in the post-fortification period had a 10 % lower risk of having TSH > 5 mIU/l than newborns in the pre-fortification group (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0·90; 95 % CI 0·87, 0·94), while newborns in the transitional period had a 22 % higher risk of having TSH > 5 mIU/l compared with newborns in the pre-fortification period (IRR = 1·22; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·31).Conclusions:Using TSH as a marker, South Australia would be classified as mild iodine deficiency post-fortification in contrast to iodine sufficiency using median urinary iodine concentration as a population marker. Re-evaluation of the current TSH criteria to define iodine status in populations is warranted in this context.
Kant on the Role of Religion for Moral Progress
Authors: Buddeberg Eva 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article examines Kant’s understanding of moral progress, especially in his Religion where he argues that religion and, more importantly, the foundation of an ethical community are necessary to promote moral progress. However, it is less the identification of any factual moral progress but rather the idea of moral progress as an action guiding principle that Kant identifies as central. The conclusion shows how Kant’s insights are in accordance with the argument that we should not look for comprehensive moral progress in history but adhere to the idea of possible future moral progress.
Effect of community members' willingness to disclose a mental disorder on their psychiatric symptom scores: analysis of data from two randomised controlled trials of mental health first aid training
Authors: Jorm A. F. , Mackinnon A. J. , Hart L. M. , Reavley N. J. , Morgan A. J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
The prevalence of common mental disorders has not declined in high-income countries despite substantial increases in service provision. A possible reason for this lack of improvement is that greater willingness to disclose mental disorders might have led to increased reporting of psychiatric symptoms, thus masking reductions in prevalence. This masking hypothesis was tested using data from two trials of interventions that increased willingness to disclose and that also measured symptoms. Both interventions involved Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training, which is known to reduce stigma, including unwillingness to disclose a mental health problem.

Methods
A cross-lagged panel analysis was carried out on data from two large Australian randomised controlled trials of MHFA training. The first trial involved 1643 high school students in Year 10 (mean age 15.87 years), who were randomised to receive either teen MHFA training or physical first aid training as the control. The second trial involved 608 Australia public servants who were randomised to receive either eLearning MHFA, blended eLearning MHFA or eLearning physical first aid as the control. In both trials, willingness to disclose a mental disorder as described in vignettes and psychiatric symptoms (K6 scale) were measured pre-training, post-training and at 12-month follow-up.

Results
Both trials found that MHFA training increased willingness to disclose. However, a cross-lagged panel analysis showed no effect of this change on psychiatric symptom scores.

Conclusions
Greater willingness to disclose did not affect psychiatric symptom scores. Because the trials increased willingness to disclose through a randomly assigned intervention, they provide a strong causal test of the masking hypothesis. It is therefore unlikely that changes in willingness to disclose are masking reductions in prevalence in the population.
Impact of Hydrological Conditions on the Biogeochemical Dynamics of Suspended Particulate Organic Matter in the Upper Mixed Layer of the Southern East China Sea
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Kandasamy Selvaraj , Wang Huawei , Wang Lin , Lin Baozhi , Gao Aiguo , Chen Chen‐Tung Arthur 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe investigate suspended particles collected from the upper mixed layer in the inner shelf of the southern East China Sea during autumn 2013 for carbon and nitrogen (POC and PN) contents and their isotope compositions (δ13C and δ15N) along with hydrographic parameters to understand the sources and dynamics of particulate organic matter (POM) in the study area. Results indicated that the extensive hydrological processes affect the biogeochemical composition of suspended POM, as revealed by the horizontally mixing POM and the spatial variation of δ15N and molar C/N ratio. Low C/N (2.4–6.5) and a weak correlation between POC and in situ chlorophyll fluorescence suggested that POM is dominated by the recently formed and well‐preserved planktonic OM. By fitting the linear correlation between δ13C and POC data with a photosynthetic fractionation model, we further disentangled dynamic controls of phytoplankton production and species diversity on δ13C variability (−24.3 to −21.3‰), emphasizing the constant effect of productivity‐derived POC on δ13C (0.02‰ per μg/L). The δ15N variability (2.3–7.4‰) is largely controlled by the mixing of isotopically different nitrogen sources, in which the importance of biological nitrogen fixation is unfolded based on the small δ15N and the negative correlation between δ15N of POM and seawater temperature. This implies that Kuroshio‐induced biological N fixation plays an important role in supporting the marine production in the East China Sea. These hydrologically driven δ13C and δ15N changes of marine productivity‐derived POM suggest that internal biophysical dynamics rather than terrestrial versus marine OM mixing largely control the C and N compositional variability in the shelf seas.
Local and Remote Forcing of Denitrification in the Northeast Pacific for the Last 2,000 Years
Authors: Wang Yi , Hendy Ingrid L. , Thunell Robert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSedimentary δ15N (δ15Nsed) has been widely applied as a proxy for water column denitrification. When combined with additional productivity proxies, it provides insights into the driving forces behind long‐term changes in water column oxygenation. High‐resolution (~2 years) δ15Nsed and productivity proxy records (total organic carbon [TOC], Si/Ti, and Ca/Ti) from Santa Barbara Basin, California, were generated from a well‐dated Kasten core (SPR0901‐03KC). These records reveal the relationship between Southern California upwelling and oxygenation over the past 2,000 years. Inconsistencies between Si/Ti (coastal upwelling proxy) and TOC (total export productivity proxy) suggest wind curl upwelling influenced Southern California primary productivity, especially during intervals of weak coastal upwelling. Coherence between δ15Nsed, TOC, and drought indicators supports a local control of δ15Nsed by atmospheric circulation, as persistent northerly winds associated with an intensified North Pacific High pressure cell lead to enhanced coastal upwelling. In the northeast Pacific, δ15Nsed is used as a water mass tracer of denitrification signals transported north from the eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP) via the California Undercurrent. A 1,200‐year δ15Nsed record from the Pescadero slope, Gulf of California, lies between denitrifying subsurface waters in the ETNP and Southern California. During the Medieval Climate Anomaly, coherence between Pescadero and Santa Barbara Basin δ15Nsed indicates connections between ETNP and Southern California on centennial timescales. Yet an out‐of‐phase relationship occurred when the Aleutian Low was anomalously strong during the Little Ice Age. We suggest intensified nutrient‐rich subarctic water advection might have transported high‐15N nitrate into Southern California when the California Undercurrent and ETNP denitrification weakened.
A Numerical Study of Lithospheric Deformation and Strain Partitioning Across the Longmen Shan Orogenic Belt, Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Yujun , Li Hailong , Fan Taoyuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Longmen Shan orogenic belt is the landform boundary between the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin. However, there are significant differences in lithospheric deformation across its southern and northern segments. We established numerical models to investigate the effect of rheological heterogeneity on lithospheric deformation across the eastern plateau margin. The results show that the rheological heterogeneity of the Longmen Shan controls the type of lithospheric deformation and the strain partitioning. When the Longmen Shan is weak or narrow, high strain is predicted between the plateau and the Sichuan Basin along the Longmen Shan, which helps to explain the lack of a Cenozoic foreland basin along the southwestern part of the Sichuan Basin. However, when the upper crust of the Sichuan Basin is weak, the deformation should extend into the interior of the basin, such as the Longmen Shan‐Longquan Shan thrust system, which provides sedimentary space for the Cenozoic sediments. In contrast, when the Longmen Shan is strong or wide, the deformation is diffuse over a broad transition zone. The strain is mainly localized along the boundary between the Songpan‐Ganzi terrane and the Longmen Shan. This result can be used to understand the uplift of the Min Shan. Compared to the observations, the high strength of the Longmen Shan corresponds to the distribution of the Precambrian crystalline basement. The rheological heterogeneity of the Longmen Shan is from the result of the amalgamation of ancient continents, which illustrates the control of the ancient continental margin on recent tectonics.
Excess hepsin proteolytic activity limits oncogenic signaling and induces ER stress and autophagy in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Willbold Ramona , Wirth Katharina , Martini Thomas , Sültmann Holger , Bolenz Christian , Wittig Rainer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe serine protease hepsin is frequently overexpressed in human prostate cancer (PCa) and is associated with matrix degradation and PCa progression in mice. Curiously, low expression of hepsin is associated with poor survival in different cancer types, and transgenic overexpression of hepsin leads to loss of viability in various cancer cell lines. Here, by comparing isogenic transfectants of the PCa cell line PC-3 providing inducible overexpression of wild-type hepsin (HPN) vs. the protease-deficient mutant HPNS353A, we were able to attribute hepsin-mediated tumor-adverse effects to its excess proteolytic activity. A stem-like expression signature of surface markers and adhesion molecules, Notch intracellular domain release, and increased pericellular protease activity were associated with low expression levels of wild-type hepsin, but were partially lost in response to overexpression. Instead, overexpression of wild-type hepsin, but not of HPNS353A, induced relocalization of the protein to the cytoplasm, and increased autophagic flux in vitro as well as LC3B punctae frequency in tumor xenografts. Confocal microscopy revealed colocalization of wild-type hepsin with both LC3B punctae as well as with the autophagy cargo receptor p62/SQSTM1. Overexpression of wild type, but not protease-deficient hepsin induced expression and nuclear presence of CHOP, indicating activation of the unfolded protein response and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Whereas inhibitors of ER stress and secretory protein trafficking slightly increased viability, combined inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway (by bortezomib) with either ER stress (by salubrinal) or autophagy (by bafilomycin A1) revealed a significant decrease of viability during overexpression of wild-type hepsin in PC-3 cells. Our results demonstrate that a precise control of Hepsin proteolytic activity is critical for PCa cell fate and suggest, that the interference with ERAD could be a promising therapeutic option, leading to induction of proteotoxicity in hepsin-overexpressing tumors.
In vivo Hox binding specificity revealed by systematic changes to a single cis regulatory module
Authors: Sánchez-Higueras Carlos , Rastogi Chaitanya , Voutev Roumen , Bussemaker Harmen J. , Mann Richard S. , Hombría James C.-G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHox proteins belong to a family of transcription factors with similar DNA binding specificities that control animal differentiation along the antero-posterior body axis. Hox proteins are expressed in partially overlapping regions where each one is responsible for the formation of particular organs and structures through the regulation of specific direct downstream targets. Thus, explaining how each Hox protein can selectively control its direct targets from those of another Hox protein is fundamental to understand animal development. Here we analyse a cis regulatory module directly regulated by seven different Drosophila Hox proteins and uncover how different Hox class proteins differentially control its expression. We find that regulation by one or another Hox protein depends on the combination of three modes: Hox-cofactor dependent DNA-binding specificity; Hox-monomer binding sites; and interaction with positive and negative Hox-collaborator proteins. Additionally, we find that similar regulation can be achieved by Amphioxus orthologs, suggesting these three mechanisms are conserved from insects to chordates.
Genetic risk for autoimmunity is associated with distinct changes in the human gut microbiome
Authors: Russell Jordan T. , Roesch Luiz F. W. , Ördberg Malin , Ilonen Jorma , Atkinson Mark A. , Schatz Desmond A. , Triplett Eric W. , Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSusceptibility to many human autoimmune diseases is under strong genetic control by class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele combinations. These genes remain by far the greatest risk factors in the development of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. Despite this, little is known about HLA influences on the composition of the human gut microbiome, a potential source of environmental influence on disease. Here, using a general population cohort from the All Babies in Southeast Sweden study, we report that genetic risk for developing type 1 diabetes autoimmunity is associated with distinct changes in the gut microbiome. Both the core microbiome and beta diversity differ with HLA risk group and genotype. In addition, protective HLA haplotypes are associated with bacterial generaIntestinibacterandRomboutsia. Thus, general population cohorts are valuable in identifying potential environmental triggers or protective factors for autoimmune diseases that may otherwise be masked by strong genetic control.