bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does an interdisciplinary outpatient atrial fibrillation (AF) clinic affect the number of acute AF admissions? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Frydensberg Vivi Skibdal , Brandes Axel 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the impact of a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic for patients with atrial fibrillation‐clinic on the number of acute hospitalisations for atrial fibrillation compared with usual outpatient care for this condition before the establishment of the atrial fibrillation‐clinic.BackgroundGuidelines recommend a structured outpatient clinic follow‐up in multidisciplinary teams for patients with atrial fibrillation due to fewer hospitalisations and death. However, the evidence base is weak.DesignThe study is a retrospective cohort study including a total of 129 patients from the cardiac outpatient clinic at a large Danish University Hospital. The study population consisted of two groups: a usual care group before a dedicated atrial fibrillation‐clinic was established (n = 73) and the atrial fibrillation‐clinic group (n = 56). The primary endpoint was acute hospitalisation for atrial fibrillation.MethodsCox regression was used to assess the hazard ratio for acute hospitalisations for atrial fibrillation.ResultsWhen comparing the atrial fibrillation‐clinic with the usual care group, adjusted for age and sex, this study showed a trend towards more frequent acute hospitalisations in the usual care group.ConclusionThe results of this study are hypothesis‐generating and should lead to larger prospective trials to evaluate the impact of dedicated multidisciplinary atrial fibrillation‐clinics on atrial fibrillation‐related issues as acute hospitalisations for atrial fibrillation, symptoms and quality of life.Relevance to clinical practiceFollow‐up in a dedicated multidisciplinary AF‐clinic might empower patients better to cope with acute arrhythmia symptoms.
Altruism, honesty and religiosity in nursing students
Authors: Timmins Fiona , King Carole , de Vries Jan MA , Johnson Martin , Cullen John G , Haigh Carol 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo identify, at different stages of nursing education, the extent to which nursing students appreciate altruism, honesty, religiosity and other, sometimes contrasting, values in practice.BackgroundNursing is informed by values that guide care ethos and activities. Embodiment of these core values has become a matter of concern. Reports outlining deficiencies in health care followed by polemics in nursing journals have called into question whether nursing students are sufficiently motivated by values and educated in their application. This study explores these values among undergraduate nursing students in the Republic of Ireland. Considering the strong religious tradition in health care in Ireland, religiosity was also included.DesignA link to an online survey was distributed via email to all nursing students in the thirteen Schools of Nursing in the Republic of Ireland.MethodQuantitative data were collected using an adaptation of the Salford‐Scott (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 57(8), 2007, 366) Nursing Values Questionnaire.ResultsParticipants (n = 158) reported positively to statements related to honesty and altruism. Both altruism and religiosity received support, but the latter was to a lesser extent. Students considered their professionalism more important than altruism, and honesty varied according to the situation.ConclusionsThis study adds new information by confirming that students exhibit support for two of the most essential values in nursing: altruism and honesty. The adapted Salford‐Scott instrument has shown reliability and promise in further empirical study in nursing.Relevance to clinical practicePriority given to professionalism over altruism reflects concerns highlighted in the international literature around overly task‐oriented care in which compassion gets lost. Also, when loyalty supersedes honesty, problems with accountability in health care may emerge. Uncertainty around religiosity in health care may reflect limitations in competence in nurses to relate to patients with religions or spirituality other than their own.
Metaphylactic effect of minerals on the immune response, biochemical variables and antioxidant status of newborn calves
Authors: Tomasi T. , Volpato A. , Pereira W. A. B. , Debastiani L. H. , Bottari N. B. , Morsch V. M. , Schetinger M. R. C. , Leal M. L. R. , Machado G. , Da Silva A. S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether injectable zinc and copper affect host immune responses and antioxidant status of newborn calves. For this study, 19 newborn calves were divided into two groups. The control group consisted of 10 animals; and the treated group consisted of nine animals that received copper edetate (Cu‐ed) and zinc edetate (Zn‐ed) subcutaneously at the first day of life at doses of 0.3 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg respectively. Blood and faecal samples were collected for laboratory analyses (seric biochemistry, proteinogram, antioxidant enzymes and parasitological examination) on days 10, 20 and 30 after birth. On day 10, treated animals showed increased levels of total proteins, as well as increased globulin levels compared to the control group, a finding probably related to the increase in ceruloplasmin and IgG heavy chain. Thirty days after mineral metaphylactic administration, IgG light chain and acid glycoprotein levels significantly increased in treated animals (p < .05). There were no significant differences between groups regarding the biochemical analyses (triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose and urea). On the other hand, the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increased on day 10 after treatment. In the control group, eight animals showed severe diarrhoea and one died 8 days after birth. Two animals from this group showed mild diarrhoea. Only three treated animals had severe diarrhoea, and six showed signs of mild diarrhoea. All animals that showed severe diarrhoea (control = 8; treated = 3) had hyperthermia (over 39.5°C), and therefore, antibiotic therapy was administered (sulfadiazine and trimethoprim) for five consecutive days. In summary, Zn‐ed and Cu‐ed decreased the frequency and intensity of diarrhoea, modulated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes and also heightened the immune responsiveness of newborn calves, suggesting a new approach to improve cattle performance and minimize the occurrence of diarrhoea.
Equine idiopathic hemorrhagic cystitis: Clinical features and comparison with bladder neoplasia
Authors: Smith Fauna L. , Magdesian K. Gary , Michel Adam O. , Vaughan Betsy , Reilly Christopher M. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundA new syndrome of hematuria in horses has been documented.Hypothesis/ObjectivesHemorrhagic cystitis is a novel cause of stranguria and hematuria in horses. This syndrome may be difficult to differentiate from bladder neoplasia because they share several clinical features.AnimalsEleven horses with idiopathic hemorrhagic cystitis and 7 horses with bladder neoplasia.MethodsRetrospective cohort study.ResultsHemorrhagic cystitis was detected on cystoscopy of affected horses, with hemorrhagic and thickened apical bladder mucosa. Clinical signs and endoscopic appearance of the bladder resolved within 3‐8 weeks. Histopathology of bladder mucosal biopsy specimens featured neutrophilic and hemorrhagic cystitis. Histopathology was suggestive of dysplasia or neoplasia in 3 horses with hemorrhagic cystitis, yet the horses experienced complete resolution, suggesting that small biopsy specimens obtained by endoscopy can be difficult to interpret. Horses with bladder neoplasia had lower hematocrits, were older, more likely to be female, and more likely to have a mass detected on ultrasonographic examination of the bladder than horses with hemorrhagic cystitis syndrome.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHemorrhagic cystitis represents a novel differential diagnosis for horses with hematuria, and is associated with a favorable prognosis. Although histopathology may suggest a neoplastic process, affected horses should be monitored cystoscopically, because complete resolution of hemorrhagic cystitis occurs. The cause of this disease is unknown, and warrants investigation.
Glucose concentrations after insulin‐induced hypoglycemia and glycemic variability in healthy and diabetic cats
Authors: Zini Eric , Salesov Elena , Dupont Perrine , Moretto Laura , Contiero Barbara , Lutz Thomas A. , Reusch Claudia E. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundLittle information is available about posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia (PHH) in diabetic cats, and a causal link between hypoglycemia and subsequent hyperglycemia is not clear. Fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations might only represent high glycemic variability.HypothesisInsulin induces PHH in healthy cats, and PHH is associated with poorly regulated diabetes and increased glycemic variability in diabetic cats.AnimalsSix healthy cats, 133 diabetic cats.MethodsInsulin (protamine‐zinc and degludec; 0.1‐0.3 IU/kg) administered to healthy cats. Blood glucose curves were generated with portable glucose meter to determine the percentage of curves with PHH. Data from insulin‐treated diabetic cats with blood glucose curves showing hypoglycemia included data of cats with and without PHH. Post‐hypoglycemic hyperglycemia was defined as blood glucose concentrations <4 mmol/L followed by blood glucose concentrations >15 mmol/L within 12 hours. Glycemic variability was calculated as the standard deviation of the blood glucose concentrations.ResultsIn healthy cats, all insulin doses caused hypoglycemia but PHH was not observed; glycemic variability did not differ between insulin preparations. Among diabetic cats with hypoglycemia, 33 (25%) had PHH. Compared with cats without PHH, their daily insulin dose was higher (1.09 ± 0.55 versus 0.65 ± 0.56 IU/kg; P < .001), serum fructosamine concentration was higher (565 ± 113 versus 430 ± 112 µmol/L; P < .001), remission was less frequent (10% versus 56%; P < .001), and glycemic variability was larger (8.1 ± 2.4 mmol/L versus 2.9 ± 2.2 mmol/L; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceInsulin‐induced hypoglycemia did not cause PHH in healthy cats but it occurred in 25% of diabetic cats with hypoglycemia, particularly when diabetes was poorly controlled. Glycemic variability was increased in cats with PHH.
Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl citrate and norfentanyl in Holstein calves and effect of analytical performances on fentanyl parameter estimation
Authors: Smith J. S. , Coetzee J. F. , Fisher I. W. G. , Borts D. J. , Mochel J. P. 
Published: March 2018

This study describes the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered (i.v.) fentanyl citrate, and its primary metabolite norfentanyl in Holstein calves. Eight calves (58.6 ± 2.2 kg), aged 3–4 weeks, were administered fentanyl citrate at a single dose of 5.0 μg/kg i.v. Blood samples were collected from 0 to 24 hr. Plasma (nor)fentanyl concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.03 ng/ml. To explore the effect of analytical performance on fentanyl parameter estimation, the noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was then repeated with a hypotheticalLLOQvalue of 0.05 ng/ml. Terminal elimination half‐life was estimated at 12.7 and 3.6 hr for fentanyl and norfentanyl, respectively. For fentanyl, systemic clearance was estimated at 2.0 L hr−1 kg−1, volume of distribution at steady‐state was 24.8 L/kg and extraction ratio was 0.42. At a hypotheticalLLOQof 0.05 ng/ml fentanyl half‐life, volume of distribution at steady‐state and clearance were, respectively, of 3.0 hr, 8.8 L/kg and 3.4 L kg−1 hr−1. Fentanyl citrate administered i.v. at 5.0 μg/kg can reach levels associated with analgesia in other species. Pharmacokinetic parameters should be interpreted with respect toLLOQ, as lower limits can influence estimated parameters, such as elimination half‐life or systemic clearance and have significant impact on dosage regimen selection in clinical practice.
Recent work in Victorian studies and the bildungsroman
Authors: Lyons Sara 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article evaluates recent work in Victorian studies on the bildungsroman, with particular attention to how scholars negotiate the legacy of Franco Moretti's bravura reading of the form, The Way of the World: The Bildungsroman in European Culture (1987). It concludes by suggesting that Georg Lukács' discussion of the “Novel of Disillusionment” in his Theory of the Novel (1914–1915) offers a means of moving beyond the critical impasse that the bildungsroman has come to represent.
Plant and animal PR1 family members inhibit programmed cell death and suppress bacterial pathogens in plant tissues
Authors: Lincoln James E. , Sanchez Juan P. , Zumstein Kristina , Gilchrist David G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA role for programmed cell death (PCD) has been established as the basis for plant–microbe interactions. A functional plant‐based cDNA library screen identified possible anti‐PCD genes, including one member of the PR1 family, designated P14a, from tomato. Members of the PR1 family have been subject to extensive research in view of their possible role in resistance against pathogens. The PR1 family is represented in every plant species studied to date and homologues have been found in animals, fungi and insects. However, the biological function of the PR1 protein from plants has remained elusive in spite of extensive research regarding a role in the response of plants to disease. Constitutive expression of P14a in transgenic tomato roots protected the roots against PCD triggered by Fumonisin B1, as did the human orthologue GLIPR1, indicating a kingdom crossing function for PR1. Tobacco plants transformed with a P14a‐GFP fusion construct and inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci revealed that the mRNA was abundant throughout the leaves, but the fusion protein was restricted to the lesion margins, where cell death and bacterial spread were arrested. Vitus vinifera grapes expressing the PR1 homologue P14a as a transgene were protected against the cell death symptoms of Pierce's disease. A pull‐down assay identified putative PR1‐interacting proteins, including members of the Rac1 immune complex, known to function in innate immunity in rice and animal systems. The findings herein are consistent with a role of PR1 in the suppression of cell death‐dependent disease symptoms and a possible mode of action.
Isavuconazole for treatment of invasive fungal diseases caused by more than one fungal species
Authors: Marty Francisco M. , Cornely Oliver A. , Mullane Kathleen M. , Ostrosky‐Zeichner Luis , Maher Rochelle M. , Croos‐Dabrera Rodney , Lu Qiaoyang , Lademacher Christopher , Oren Ilana , Schmitt‐Hoffmann Anne‐Hortense , Giladi Michael , Rahav Galia , Perfect John R. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe optimal approach to treat invasive fungal disease (IFD) caused by more than one fungal species is unknown. We documented the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole for treatment of IFDs caused by more than one fungal species. VITAL was a single‐arm, international, open‐label study evaluating the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole (200 mg orally or intravenously every 8 hours for 48 hours, then once daily) for treatment of rare IFDs. The primary outcome was the overall response at Day 42; key secondary outcomes were overall responses at Day 84 and end of treatment (EOT), mortality at Days 42 and 84, and safety. This analysis includes patients with IFD caused by multiple fungal species. Fifteen patients were included in this analysis (including Aspergillus spp., n = 11; without Aspergillus spp., n = 4); median treatment duration was 97 days [range, 6‐544] days). Overall treatment success was observed in 2/15 patients (13.3%) at Days 42 and 84, and 2/14 (14.3%) at EOT. All‐cause mortality was 2/15 (13.3%) at Day 42 and 4/15 (26.7%) at Day 84. All patients had ≥1 treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE); 12 patients (80.0%) had serious TEAEs; TEAEs led to discontinuation of isavuconazole in two patients (13.3%). Isavuconazole may be useful to treat some IFDs caused by multiple fungal species.
In vitro activities of antifungal drugs against environmental Exophiala isolates and review of the literature
Authors: Gülmez Dolunay , Doğan Özlem , Boral Barış , Döğen Aylin , İlkit Macit , de Hoog G. Sybren , Arikan‐Akdagli Sevtap 
Published: April 2018

SummaryExophiala is a genus of black fungi isolated worldwide from environmental and clinical specimens. Data on antifungal susceptibility of Exophiala isolates are limited and the methodology on susceptibility testing is not yet standardised. In this study, we investigated in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of environmental Exophiala isolates. A total of 87 Exophiala isolated from dishwashers or railway ties were included. A CLSI M38‐A2 microdilution method with modifications was used to determine antifungal susceptibility for fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B and terbinafine. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined visually at 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours. MIC‐0 endpoint (complete inhibition of growth) was used for amphotericin B and azoles, except fluconazole, for which MIC‐2 endpoint (~50% inhibition compared to growth control) was used. Both MIC‐0 and MIC‐1 (~80% inhibition compared to growth control) results were analysed for terbinafine to enable comparison with previous studies. Fungal growth was sufficient for determination of MICs at 48 hours for all isolates except two Exophiala dermatitidis strains. At 72 hours, most active antifungal agents according to GM MIC were voriconazole and terbinafine, followed by posaconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B in rank order of decreasing activity. While amphotericin B displayed adequate in vitro activity despite relatively high MICs, fluconazole showed no meaningful antifungal activity against Exophiala.
A Feminist Approach to the Marian Temple Type
Authors: O'Donnell Karen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe opening chapter of the Gospel of Luke establishes a connection between the Temple and Mary, the mother of Jesus. This connection is developed over the centuries by theologians, often in connection to Marian doctrines, but also in service of Christology. This research considers what the theological implications of such a typology might be—what are theologians saying about Mary, and often Jesus, when they draw a typological connection between the Temple and Mary? Furthermore, what is a feminist theologian to make of such a theological statement? Is Mary a monolithic, bland symbol or does a typological connection between the Temple and Mary make for a powerfully feminist Marian theology?
Functional biogeography of angiosperms: life at the extremes
Authors: Zanne Amy E. , Pearse William D. , Cornwell William K. , McGlinn Daniel J. , Wright Ian J. , Uyeda Josef C. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Nonlinear relationships between species and their environments are believed common in ecology and evolution, including during angiosperms’ rise to dominance. Early angiosperms are thought of as woody evergreens restricted to warm, wet habitats. They have since expanded into numerous cold and dry places. This expansion may have included transitions across important environmental thresholds.

To understand linear and nonlinear relationships between angiosperm structure and biogeographic distributions, we integrated large datasets of growth habits, conduit sizes, leaf phenologies, evolutionary histories, and environmental limits. We consider current‐day patterns and develop a new evolutionary model to investigate processes that created them.

The macroecological pattern was clear: herbs had lower minimum temperature and precipitation limits. In woody species, conduit sizes were smaller in evergreens and related to species’ minimum temperatures. Across evolutionary timescales, our new modeling approach found conduit sizes in deciduous species decreased linearly with minimum temperature limits. By contrast, evergreen species had a sigmoidal relationship with minimum temperature limits and an inflection overlapping freezing.

These results suggest freezing represented an important threshold for evergreen but not deciduous woody angiosperms. Global success of angiosperms appears tied to a small set of alternative solutions when faced with a novel environmental threshold.
Vessel scaling in evergreen angiosperm leaves conforms with Murray's law and area‐filling assumptions: implications for plant size, leaf size and cold tolerance
Authors: Gleason Sean M. , Blackman Chris J. , Gleason Scott T. , McCulloh Katherine A. , Ocheltree Troy W. , Westoby Mark 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Water transport in leaf vasculature is a fundamental process affecting plant growth, ecological interactions and ecosystem productivity, yet the architecture of leaf vascular networks is poorly understood. Although Murray's law and the West–Brown–Enquist (WBE) theories predict convergent scaling of conduit width and number, it is not known how conduit scaling is affected by habitat aridity or temperature.

We measured the scaling of leaf size, conduit width and conduit number within the leaves of 36 evergreen Angiosperms spanning a large range in aridity and temperature in eastern Australia.

Scaling of conduit width and number in midribs and 2° veins did not differ across species and habitats (P > 0.786), and did not differ from that predicted by Murray's law (P = 0.151). Leaf size was strongly correlated with the hydraulic radius of petiole conduits (r2 = 0.83, P < 0.001) and did not differ among habitats (P > 0.064), nor did the scaling exponent differ significantly from that predicted by hydraulic theory (P = 0.086).

The maximum radius of conduits in petioles was positively correlated with the temperature of the coldest quarter (r2 = 0.67; P < 0.001), suggesting that habitat temperature restricts the occurrence of wide‐conduit species in cold habitats.
Sustaining obesity prevention in communities: a systematic narrative synthesis review
Authors: Whelan J. , Love P. , Millar L. , Allender S. , Bell C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryObesity is a global problem for which sustainable solutions are yet to be realized. Community‐based interventions have improved obesity‐related behaviours and obesity in the short term. Few papers have explored how to make the interventions and their intended outcomes sustainable. The aim of this paper is to identify factors that contribute to the sustainability of community‐based obesity prevention interventions and their intended outcomes.A systematic narrative synthesis review was conducted of published community‐based obesity prevention interventions to identify factors contributing to intervention sustainability. Data extracted were included study authors' perspectives of intervention success and sustainability.Eighty‐one papers met the inclusion criteria, and from these we identified ten factors that contribute to sustainability: resourcing, leadership, workforce development, community engagement, partnerships, policy, communications, adaptability, evaluation and governance.This review of community‐based obesity prevention interventions gives rise to optimism that sustainable change is possible. We propose a framework to help practitioners build sustainability into their interventions and report on them so that others can also benefit.