bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Un)contested evidence: scientific literature, systematic reviews and the politics of evidence in the introduction of HPV vaccines in Colombia
Authors: Maldonado Castañeda Oscar J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses the tensions between scientific literature and systematic reviews in the production of evidence in healthcare. Systematic reviews are devices developed – within evidence‐based medicine – to navigate the complexities of scientific literature promising a clear and simple account of the knowledge on a particular issue. However, in practice, systematic reviews have a more complex relation with literature. Systematic reviews are shaped according to the interest of the local groups that produce them. In this paper, I explore the formatting, making and managing of systematic reviews of evidence relating to HPV vaccines in Colombia. This case shows the ways in which systematic reviews mediate between the requirement of presenting the evidence that emerges from the international literature and the necessity of having data locally relevant.
Auctions with ex post uncertainty
Authors: Luo Yao , Perrigne Isabelle , Vuong Quang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUncertainty about ex post realized values is an inherent component in many auction environments. In this article, we develop a structural framework to analyze auction data subject to ex post uncertainty as a pure risk. We consider a low‐price sealed‐bid auction model with heterogeneous bidders' preferences and ex post uncertainty. The uncertainty can be common to all bidders or idiosyncratic. We derive the model restrictions and study nonparametric and semiparametric identification of the model primitives under exogenous and endogenous participation. We then develop multistep nonparametric and semiparametric estimation procedures in both cases.
From focal pulmonary pure ground‐glass opacity nodule detected by low‐dose computed tomography into invasive lung adenocarcinoma: A growth pattern analysis in the elderly
Authors: Nie Xin , Li Lin , Huang Juan , Zhang Ping , Shi Hong , Cheng Gang , Zhang Yong‐Qiang 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundElderly patients are under‐represented in studies of pure ground‐glass opacity (pGGO) nodules; thus, this study analyzed the growth pattern and clinical outcomes of pGGO nodules in the elderly in order to help make treatment decisions.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients aged over 60 years with screening‐detected and pathologically confirmed growing focal pGGO nodules.ResultsDuring the study period, 858 subjects had undergone at least three low‐dose computed tomography scans in our center. Twenty patients were treated for growing focal pGGO nodules. The median age at detection was 66 years (range: 60–80). The median time to an increase of at least 2 mm was 348 days (range: 98–1527) and to develop a solid portion, 1141 days (range: 480–3010). Seven patients had surgery for increased nodule size, four had surgery immediately after the solid portion appeared, and nine were treated after a median follow‐up of 1153 days (range: 240–2342) since the solid portion developed. The median size of the solid component was 8 mm (2–13) before surgery. No recurrence was observed after a median follow‐up of 41 months. Pathology revealed adenocarcinoma in situ in five patients, and minimally invasive or invasive adenocarcinoma in the remainder. The appearance of a solid portion was significantly associated with invasive adenocarcinoma compared to increased size alone (100% vs. 44.4%; P = 0.005).ConclusionspGGO nodules had an indolent growth pattern and good prognosis in our patient sample, even after the appearance of a solid portion. Therefore, minimally invasive surgery after the development of a solid component may be an option for the elderly.
The association of hypotension during non‐cardiac surgery, before and after skin incision, with postoperative acute kidney injury: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Maheshwari K. , Turan A. , Mao G. , Yang D. , Niazi A. K. , Agarwal D. , Sessler D. I. , Kurz A. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIntra‐operative hypotension is associated with acute postoperative kidney injury. It is unclear how much hypotension occurs before skin incision compared with after, or whether hypotension in these two periods is similarly associated with postoperative kidney injury. We analysed the association of mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg with postoperative kidney injury in 42,825 patients who were anaesthetised for elective non‐cardiac surgery. Intra‐operative hypotension occurred in 30,423 (71%) patients: 22,569 (53%) patients before skin incision; and 24,102 (56%) patients after incision. Anaesthetised patients who were hypotensive had mean arterial pressures < 65 mmHg for a median (IQR [range]) of 5.5 (0.0–14.7 [0.0–60.0]) min.h−1 before skin incision, compared with 1.7 [0.3–5.1 [0.0–57.5]) min.h−1 after incision: a median (IQR [range]) of 36% (0%–84% [0%–100%]) of hypotensive readings were before incision. We diagnosed postoperative kidney injury in 2328 (5%) patients. The odds ratio (95%CI) for acute kidney injury was 1.05 (1.02–1.07) for each doubling of the duration of hypotension, p < 0.001. Postoperative kidney injury was associated with the product of hypotension duration and severity, that is, area under the curve, before skin incision and after, odds ratio (95%CI): 1.02 (1.01–1.04), p = 0.004; and 1.02 (1.00–1.04), p = 0.016, respectively. A substantial fraction of all hypotension happened before surgical incision and was thus completely due to anaesthetic management. We recommend that anaesthetists should avoid mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg during surgery, especially after induction, assuming that its association with postoperative kidney injury is, at least in part, causal.
Diagnosing phyllodes tumours of the breast: how successful are our current preoperative assessment modalities?
Authors: Yii Nathan , Read Tavis , Tan Chuan Chien , Ng Suat Li , Bennett Ian 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundTo assess the efficacy of the diagnostic modalities used in the preoperative assessment of phyllodes tumours.MethodsIn this retrospective study of patients treated at Princess Alexandra Hospital, 51 phyllodes tumours in 49 patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2016 were reviewed with regard to their preoperative findings to assess which modalities, including clinical findings, mammography, ultrasound, fine needle aspiration and core biopsy, were most diagnostically discriminating. Data on demographics and management were also collected.ResultsWhile 90.2% of lesions were clinically palpable and an abnormality was seen in 86.1% of lesions subjected to mammography, the findings in relation to these two modalities were essentially those of non‐discriminatory masses. Furthermore, although 100% of the phyllodes lesions were sonographically visible, suspicion of a phyllodes tumour was only noted in 21.6% of cases. Fine needle aspiration yielded results suspicious for phyllodes in 21.1% of cases while core biopsy resulted in confirmed or suspected phyllodes tumour diagnoses in 69.2% of instances. Serial measurements of phyllodes tumours yielded an average growth rate of 8.04 mm per 365 days.ConclusionIn the preoperative diagnosis of phyllodes tumours of the breast, ultrasound was a more discriminating imaging modality compared to mammography, and core biopsy demonstrated a superior accuracy of diagnosis over fine needle biopsy. A significant increase in lesion size over a short timeframe should also alert to the possibility of a phyllodes tumour.
Preliminary biomechanical results of a novel pin configuration for external fixation of vertical shear pelvic fractures
Authors: Stewart Rebecca , Kieser David C. , Scholze Mario , Hammer Niels , Stone Brad , Hooper Gary 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundVertical shear fractures are unstable and potentially life‐threatening injuries that require urgent reduction and stabilization. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical efficacy of three different external fixation pin configurations for vertical shear pelvic fractures in a cadaveric model. We hypothesized that a modified external fixation pin configuration with a crestal (CR) pin in the stable hemipelvis and bilateral supra‐acetabular (SA) pins provides the greatest overall stability to axial loading.MethodsThe force to failure within a standard standing axial load (maximum 650 N) was tested on 10 human cadaveric pelvises with vertical shear fractures. Three pin configurations were compared including iliac crest (IC), SA and a modified SA frame with a third CR pin on the stable hemipelvis. Both displacement at the posterior pelvis at 650 N and force to failure of >25 mm displacement was recorded.ResultsThe mean force to failure was highest with CR (499 N), then IC (350 N) and then SA (265 N) pin configurations, being statistically non‐significant (P = 0.165). The minimum force to failure followed a similar trend with 296, 68 and 43 N for CR, IC and SA, respectively. About 1/4 CR, 1/4 IC and 2/9 SA pins sustained 650 N or more without failure.ConclusionIt was shown that this new design may reliably withstand a seated physiological load of 250 N. However, none of the three pin configurations tested can reliably withstand a standing load of 650 N. Further experiments are needed to quantify these findings under physiological loading.
Bile acid homeostasis and intestinal dysbiosis in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Ciocan Dragos , Voican Cosmin Sebastian , Wrzosek Laura , Hugot Cindy , Rainteau Dominique , Humbert Lydie , Cassard Anne‐Marie , Perlemuter Gabriel 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundIntestinal microbiota plays an important role in bile acid homeostasis.AimTo study the structure of the intestinal microbiota and its function in bile acid homeostasis in alcoholic patients based on the severity of alcoholic liver disease.MethodsIn this prospective study, we included four groups of active alcoholic patients (N = 108): two noncirrhotic, with (noCir_AH, n = 13) or without alcoholic hepatitis (noCir_noAH, n = 61), and two cirrhotic, with (Cir_sAH, n = 17) or without severe alcoholic hepatitis (Cir_noAH, n = 17). Plasma and faecal bile acid profiles and intestinal microbiota composition were assessed.ResultsPlasma levels of total bile acids (84.6 vs 6.8 μmol/L, P < 0.001) and total ursodeoxycholic acid (1.3 vs 0.3 μmol/L, P = 0.03) were higher in cirrhosis with severe alcoholic hepatitis (Cir_sAH) than Cir_noAH, whereas total faecal (2.4 vs 11.3, P = 0.01) and secondary bile acids (0.7 vs 10.7, P < 0.01) levels were lower. Cir_sAH patients had a different microbiota than Cir_noAH patients: at the phyla level, the abundance of Actinobacteria (9 vs 1%, P = 0.01) was higher and that of Bacteroidetes was lower (25 vs 40%, P = 0.04). Moreover, the microbiota of Cir_sAH patients showed changes in the abundance of genes involved in 15 metabolic pathways, including upregulation of glutathione metabolism, and downregulation of biotin metabolism.ConclusionsPatients with Cir_sAH show specific changes of the bile acid pool with a shift towards more hydrophobic and toxic species that may be responsible for the specific microbiota changes. Conversely, the microbiota may also alter the bile acid pool by transforming primary to secondary bile acids, leading to a vicious cycle.
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension – a unrecognized cause of high‐shear high‐flow haemostatic defects (otherwise referred to as acquired von Willebrand syndrome) in children
Authors: Pelland‐Marcotte Marie‐Claude , Humpl Tilman , James Paula D. , Rand Margaret L. , Bouskill Vanessa , Reyes Janette T. , Bowman Mackenzie L. , Carcao Manuel D. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryAcquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is reported in high‐flow high‐shear congenital cardiac disorders. We hypothesized that the narrowed pulmonary vasculature in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) may induce AVWS. We conducted a cross‐sectional evaluation of children with IPAH. Patients with bleeding symptoms and/or laboratory abnormalities (thrombocytopenia, anomalies in coagulation screening tests) were tested in‐depth for haemostatic defects. Fourteen children were followed with IPAH of which 8 were eligible. Four children exhibited abnormal bleeding scores (International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Bleeding Assessment Tool: 3–5). All 8 patients showed very prolonged platelet function analyser (PFA)‐100 closure times. Six children demonstrated either mild thrombocytopenia or low‐normal von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen (VWF:Ag) or VWF activity [mean (range), in iu/dl: VWF:Ag: 70 (61–91); VWF activity: 57 (34–70)]. Average VWF collagen binding capacity (VWF:CB) was 64 iu/dl (range: 53–123 iu/dl), with low‐normal VWF activity/VWF:Ag or VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratios occurring in five patients. All children had normal multimers distribution patterns. One patient underwent a lung transplantation, with normalization of haemostatic abnormalities post‐surgery. Overall, 8 out of 14 children with IPAH had mild to moderate bleeding symptoms and/or laboratory abnormalities in keeping with AVWS. Normalization of the haemostatic defects following lung transplantation and lack of family history of bleeding attests to the acquired nature of their defects.
Novel therapeutic strategies for advanced ovarian cancer by using induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived myelomonocytic cells producing interferon beta
Authors: Imamura Yuko , Tashiro Hironori , Tsend‐Ayush Gandolgor , Haruta Miwa , Dashdemberel Narantuya , Komohara Yoshihiro , Tsuboki Junko , Takaishi Kiyomi , Ohba Takashi , Nishimura Yasuharu , Katabuchi Hidetaka , Senju Satoru 
Published: August 2018

Although first‐line chemotherapy has a high rate of complete responses in ovarian cancer patients, the vast majority of patients present with recurrent disease that has become refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Peritoneal dissemination and malignant ascites are the hallmarks of recurrent or advanced ovarian cancer and severely reduce quality of life. Development of therapeutic measures to treat such patients is eagerly anticipated. Macrophage infiltration is observed in various types of cancer including epithelial ovarian cancer. In addition, macrophages are involved in the formation of spheroids in the malignant ascites of ovarian cancer and promote cancer growth. iPS‐ML, macrophage‐like myelomonocytic cells generated from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, made close contacts with ovarian cancer cells in vitro. We hypothesized that, if we inoculate iPS‐ML‐producing IFN‐β (iPS‐ML/IFN‐β) into the peritoneal cavity of patients with ovarian cancer, IFN‐β produced by the iPS‐ML/IFN‐β would efficiently act on the cancer cells to suppress cancer growth. To evaluate this hypothesis, we injected iPS‐ML/IFN‐β into SCID mice bearing peritoneally disseminated human ovarian cancer cells, SKOV3. Immunohistochemical analysis of the intraperitoneal tumors detected iPS‐ML/IFN‐β infiltrating into the cancer tissues. Therapy with iPS‐ML/IFN‐β significantly suppressed tumor progression. In addition, dramatic reduction of cancer‐related ascites was observed. Collectively, it is suggested that iPS‐ML/IFN‐β therapy offers a new approach for the treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
Equity crowdfunding in Germany and the United Kingdom: Follow‐up funding and firm failure
Authors: Hornuf Lars , Schmitt Matthias , Stenzhorn Eliza 
Published: August 2018

AbstractManuscript typeEmpiricalResearch question/issueToday, startups frequently obtain financing via the Internet through many small contributions of nonsophisticated investors. Yet, little is known whether these startups can ultimately build enduring businesses. This study investigates the determinants of follow‐up funding and firm failure after an equity crowdfunding campaign has taken place.Research findings/insightsWe use hand‐collected data from 13 different equity crowdfunding portals and 413 firms that ran at least one successful equity crowdfunding campaign in Germany or the United Kingdom between 2011 and 2016. Our findings show that German firms that received equity crowdfunding stood a higher chance of obtaining follow‐up funding through business angels or venture capitalists but also had a higher likelihood of failure. The number of senior managers and the number of initial venture capital investors both had a positive impact on obtaining postcampaign financing, whereas the average age of the senior management team had a negative impact. The number of initial venture capital investors and the valuation of the firm were significant predictors increasing the hazard of firm failure, whereas the number of senior managers and the amount raised during previous equity crowdfunding campaigns had a negative impact.Theoretical/academic implicationsThis study provides some first empirical evidence regarding the firm and campaign characteristics that determine follow‐up funding and firm failure after an equity crowdfunding campaign has taken place. Given the absence of research on this topic so far, this study inevitably remains original and exploratory to some extent. The empirical findings suggest various avenues of research for human capital theory, organizational ecology, and the comparative corporate governance literature.Practitioner/policy implicationsIdentifying influencing factors of follow‐up funding and firm survival is important to make this new and potentially welfare enhancing form of entrepreneurial finance more predictable by decreasing the risk of individual investments. Furthermore, this study offers insights to policy makers, which are currently expected to implement appropriate regulations for this new market segment. In addition, it provides important insights for portal managers as well as firms raising capital via equity crowdfunding, which may learn about their chances to build an enduring business. https://youtu.be/w_4lIfnOaQY
Expectations-Based Reference-Dependence and Choice Under Risk
Authors: Freeman David J 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article characterises the behavioural content of a model of choice under risk with reference-dependent preferences and endogenous expectations-based reference points based on the preferred personal equilibrium model of Kőszegi and Rabin (2006). The combination of reference-dependent preferences and endogenous reference points leads to violations of the Independence Axiom and can also lead to violations of the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference. An axiomatic characterisation shows that the model places testable restrictions on choice under risk.
Interleukin‐10 negatively modulates extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 in aorta from hypertensive mouse induced by angiotensin II infusion
Authors: Bressan Alecsander F. , Fonseca Gisele A. , Tostes Rita C. , Webb R. Clinton , Lima Victor Vitorino , Giachini Fernanda Regina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2) pathway promotes increased vascular contractility in angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced hypertensive mice. Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is an immune‐regulatory cytokine with the ability to prevent vascular hypercontractility during hypertension. We hypothesized that IL‐10 would downregulate vascular ERK 1/2 activation during Ang II‐induced hypertension. Wild‐type (WT) or IL‐10 knockout (IL‐10−/−) mice received Ang II infusion (90 ηg.min) or vehicle (saline), via osmotic mini‐pumps (0.25 μL/h for 14 days), whereas another WT group were infused with exogenous IL‐10 (0.5 ηg/min, 14 days) simultaneously, or not, with Ang II. Aortic rings were mounted in a myograph, and concentration‐response curves to phenylephrine were evaluated, in the presence or absence of ERK 1/2 inhibitor (PD98059, 10 μm, 40 min). Protein expression of vascular ERK 1/2 was determined by Western blot. Ang II infusion increased the maximal contractile response in both WT and IL‐10−/− mice. Concomitant infusion of IL‐10 and Ang II prevented hypercontractility in the vasculature. Exogenous IL‐10 infusion prevented ERK 1/2 activation and hypercontractility, induced by Ang II. These findings suggest that IL‐10 negatively modulates ERK 1/2 activation and prevents hypercontractility during Ang II‐induced hypertension.
Opportunities for climate‐risk reduction through effective fisheries management
Authors: Cheung William W. L. , Jones Miranda C. , Reygondeau Gabriel , Frölicher Thomas L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRisk of impact of marine fishes to fishing and climate change (including ocean acidification) depend on the species’ ecological and biological characteristics, as well as their exposure to over‐exploitation and climate hazards. These human‐induced hazards should be considered concurrently in conservation risk assessment. In this study, we aim to examine the combined contributions of climate change and fishing to the risk of impacts of exploited fishes, and the scope for climate‐risk reduction from fisheries management. We combine fuzzy logic expert system with species distribution modeling to assess the extinction risks of climate and fishing impacts of 825 exploited marine fish species across the global ocean. We compare our calculated risk index with extinction risk of marine species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Our results show that 60% (499 species) of the assessed species are projected to experience very high risk from both overfishing and climate change under a “business‐as‐usual” scenario (RCP 8.5 with current status of fisheries) by 2050. The risk index is significantly and positively related to level of IUCN extinction risk (ordinal logistic regression, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the regression model predicts species with very high risk index would have at least one in five (>20%) chance of having high extinction risk in the next few decades (equivalent to the IUCN categories of vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered). Areas with more at‐risk species to climate change are in tropical and subtropical oceans, while those that are at risk to fishing are distributed more broadly, with higher concentration of at‐risk species in North Atlantic and South Pacific Ocean. The number of species with high extinction risk would decrease by 63% under the sustainable fisheries‐low emission scenario relative to the “business‐as‐usual” scenario. This study highlights the substantial opportunities for climate‐risk reduction through effective fisheries management.