bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic kinetic resolution of Vince lactam catalyzed by γ-lactamases: a mini-review
Authors: Zhu Shaozhou , Zheng Guojun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
γ-Lactamases are versatile enzymes used for enzymatic kinetic resolution of racemic Vince lactam (2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one) in the industry. Optically pure enantiomers and their hydrolytic products are widely employed as key chemical intermediates for developing a wide range of carbocyclic nucleoside medicines, including US FDA-approved drugs peramivir and abacavir. Owing to the broad applications in the healthcare industry, the resolution process of Vince lactam has witnessed tremendous progress during the past decades. Some of the most important advances are the enzymatic strategies involving γ-lactamases. The strong industrial demand drives the progress in various strategies for discovering novel biocatalysts. In the past few years, several new scientific breakthroughs, including the genome-mining strategy and elucidation of several crystal structures, boosted the research on γ-lactamases. So far, several families of γ-lactamases for resolution of Vince lactam have been discovered, and their number is continuously increasing. The purpose of this mini-review is to describe the discovery strategy and classification of these intriguing enzymes and to cover our current knowledge on their potential biological functions. Moreover, structural properties are described in addition to their possible catalytic mechanisms. Additionally, recent advances in the newest approaches, such as immobilization to increase stability, and other engineering efforts are introduced.
Detection of Open Spina Bifida in the First Trimester: Beyond Intracranial Translucency
Authors: Singh Divya , Goyal Amit , Kaur Ladbans 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntracranial translucency (IT) has been used extensively as an indirect marker to exclude open spina bifida (OSB) in the first trimester. Like any sonographic sign, the use of IT is fraught with issues like non-visualization due to shadowing from bone, poor distinction from the adjacent hypoechoic brainstem, etc. In view of these challenges, researchers have come up with additional markers of OSB in the first trimester. The aim of this paper is to illustrate these sonographic clues so as to improve diagnostic accuracy in cases where obliteration of IT is equivocal.
Community perceptions related to brain donation: Evidence for intervention
Authors: Striley Catherine W. , Milani Sadaf A. , Kwiatkowski Evan , DeKosky Steven T. , Cottler Linda B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionResearch progress on neurocognitive disorders requires donation of both healthy and diseased brains. Here, we describe attitudes toward brain donation among a large community sample in Florida.MethodsHealthStreet, a community engagement program at the University of Florida, used community health workers to assess community attitudes toward research participation, including brain donation.ResultsOver 60% of people, primarily Caucasian and employed, indicated that they would be likely or somewhat likely to donate their brain for research. Those who would be willing to donate were also more likely to be willing to participate in other research studies and to have participated in research.DiscussionBrain donation will add to the science of disorders of aging, including accurate diagnoses and validation of in vivo biomarkers. Increasing willingness to donate is a first step toward donation. Community populations are willing; community health workers can educate others about the need for this initiative in communities.
UNDECIDABILITY OF THE FIRST ORDER THEORIES OF FREE NONCOMMUTATIVE LIE ALGEBRAS
Authors: KHARLAMPOVICH OLGA , MYASNIKOV ALEXEI 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLet R be a commutative integral unital domain and L a free noncommutative Lie algebra over R. In this article we show that the ring R and its action on L are 0-interpretable in L, viewed as a ring with the standard ring language $+ , \cdot ,0$. Furthermore, if R has characteristic zero then we prove that the elementary theory $Th\left( L \right)$ of L in the standard ring language is undecidable. To do so we show that the arithmetic ${\Bbb N} = \langle {\Bbb N}, + , \cdot ,0\rangle $ is 0-interpretable in L. This implies that the theory of $Th\left( L \right)$ has the independence property. These results answer some old questions on model theory of free Lie algebras.
FROM MULTISETS TO SETS IN HOMOTOPY TYPE THEORY
Authors: GYLTERUD HÅKON ROBBESTAD 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe give a model of set theory based on multisets in homotopy type theory. The equality of the model is the identity type. The underlying type of iterative sets can be formulated in Martin-Löf type theory, without Higher Inductive Types (HITs), and is a sub-type of the underlying type of Aczel’s 1978 model of set theory in type theory. The Voevodsky Univalence Axiom and mere set quotients (a mild kind of HITs) are used to prove the axioms of constructive set theory for the model. We give an equivalence to the model provided in Chapter 10 of “Homotopy Type Theory” by the Univalent Foundations Program.
ON C(n)-EXTENDIBLE CARDINALS
Authors: TSAPROUNIS KONSTANTINOS 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe hierarchies of C(n)-cardinals were introduced by Bagaria in [1] and were further studied and extended by the author in [18] and in [20]. The case of C(n)-extendible cardinals, and of their C(n)+-extendibility variant, is of particular interest since such cardinals have found applications in the areas of category theory, of homotopy theory, and of model theory (see [2], [3], and [4], respectively). However, the exact relation between these two notions had been left unclarified. Moreover, the question of whether the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis (GCH) can be forced while preserving C(n)-extendible cardinals (for n1) also remained open. In this note, we first establish results in the direction of exactly controlling the targets of C(n)-extendibility embeddings. As a corollary, we show that every C(n)-extendible cardinal is in fact C(n)+-extendible; this, in turn, clarifies the assumption needed in some applications obtained in [3]. At the same time, we underline the applicability of our arguments in the context of C(n)-ultrahuge cardinals as well, as these were introduced in [20]. Subsequently, we show that C(n)-extendible cardinals carry their own Laver functions, making them the first known example of C(n)-cardinals that have this desirable feature. Finally, we obtain an alternative characterization of C(n)-extendibility, which we use to answer the question regarding forcing the GCH affirmatively.
Information credibility and responses to corruption: a replication and extension in Argentina
Authors: Winters Matthew S. , Weitz-Shapiro Rebecca 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExisting research shows that survey respondents are sensitive to the source of information about political corruption and respond more strongly to information from more credible sources. This behavior occurs more frequently among the politically sophisticated. In a nation-wide survey in Argentina, we successfully replicate results originally found in a study in Brazil. In addition, we examine whether citizens process information about corruption differently depending on their partisan identities. At odds with our initial expectations, we find that copartisans, opposition partisans, and other/non-partisans distinguish between information sources in very similar ways. These results suggest that even though partisanship affects baseline assessments of political candidates, citizens of all types are sensitive to the credibility of information they receive about political corruption.
Effects of humic acid and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on induced resistance of canola toBrevicoryne brassicaeL
Authors: Sattari Nasab R. , Pahlavan Yali M. , Bozorg-Amirkalaee M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe cabbage aphid,Brevicoryne brassicaeL. (Hem: Aphididae), is an important pest of canola that can considerably limit profitable crop production either through direct feeding or via transmission of plant pathogenic viruses. One of the most effective approaches of pest control is the use of biostimulants. In this study, the effects of humic acid, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and integrated application of both compounds were investigated on life table parameters ofB. brassicae,and the tolerance of canola to this pest.B. brassicaereared on plants treated with these compounds had the lower longevity, fecundity, and reproductive period compared with control treatment. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were lowest on PGPR treatment (0.181 ± 0.004 day−1and 1.198 ± 0.004 day−1, respectively) and highest on control (0.202 ± 0.005 day−1and 1.224 ± 0.006 day−1, respectively). The net reproductive rate (R0) under treatments of humic acid, PGPR and humic acid + PGPR was lower than control. There was no significant difference in generation time (T) ofB. brassicaeamong the tested treatments. In the tolerance test, plants treated with PGPR alone or in integrated with humic acid had the highest tolerance againstB. brassicae. The highest values of total phenol, flavonoids, and glucosinolates were observed in treatments of PGPR and humic acid + PGPR. Basing on the antibiosis and tolerance analyses in this study, we concluded that canola plants treated with PGPR are more resistant toB. brassicae. These findings could be useful for integrated pest management ofB. brassicaein canola fields.
Neuropsychological function at first episode in treatment-resistant psychosis: findings from the ÆSOP-10 study
Authors: Kravariti Eugenia , Demjaha Arsime , Zanelli Jolanta , Ibrahim Fowzia , Wise Catherine , MacCabe James H. , Reichenberg Abraham , Pilecka Izabela , Morgan Kevin , Fearon Paul , Morgan Craig , Doody Gillian A. , Donoghue Kim , Jones Peter B. , Kaçar Anil Şafak , Dazzan Paola , Lappin Julia , Murray Robin M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychological investigations can help untangle the aetiological and phenomenological heterogeneity of schizophrenia but have scarcely been employed in the context of treatment-resistant (TR) schizophrenia. No population-based study has examined neuropsychological function in the first-episode of TR psychosis.MethodsWe report baseline neuropsychological findings from a longitudinal, population-based study of first-episode psychosis, which followed up cases from index admission to 10 years. At the 10-year follow up patients were classified as treatment responsive or TR after reconstructing their entire case histories. Of 145 cases with neuropsychological data at baseline, 113 were classified as treatment responsive, and 32 as TR at the 10-year follow-up.ResultsCompared with 257 community controls, both case groups showed baseline deficits in three composite neuropsychological scores, derived from principal component analysis: verbal intelligence and fluency, visuospatial ability and executive function, and verbal memory and learning (p values⩽0.001). Compared with treatment responders, TR cases showed deficits in verbal intelligence and fluency, both in the extended psychosis sample (t = −2.32; p = 0.022) and in the schizophrenia diagnostic subgroup (t = −2.49; p = 0.017). Similar relative deficits in the TR cases emerged in sub-/sensitivity analyses excluding patients with delayed-onset treatment resistance (p values<0.01–0.001) and those born outside the UK (p values<0.05).ConclusionsVerbal intelligence and fluency are impaired in patients with TR psychosis compared with those who respond to treatment. This differential is already detectable – at a group level – at the first illness episode, supporting the conceptualisation of TR psychosis as a severe, pathogenically distinct variant, embedded in aberrant neurodevelopmental processes.
More bang for your buck: tax compliance in the United States and Italy
Authors: D’Attoma John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractI investigate the relationship between perception of public institutions and tax compliance using a large tax compliance laboratory experiment conducted in Italy and the United States. In the first test, I conduct a simple tax compliance game to uncover that given the exact same decisions, contributions to the public good do not differ between Italy and the United States. Second, I ask participants to pay taxes to their national government, pension fund and fire department. In these rounds, behaviours diverge with Italian participants complying significantly less than Americans. Theoretically, I provide evidence demonstrating that how individuals perceive their institutions is a crucial component of the tax compliance decision. Methodologically, I provide a unique experiment, which can help us to better explain crosscountry variation in tax compliance, by asking subjects to make country-specific tax decisions.
Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs): their impact on conservation policy, advocacy and action
Authors: WALICZKY ZOLTAN , FISHPOOL LINCOLN D. C. , BUTCHART STUART H. M. , THOMAS DAVID , HEATH MELANIE F. , HAZIN CAROLINA , DONALD PAUL F. , KOWALSKA AIDA , DIAS MARIA P. , ALLINSON TRISTRAM S. M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBirdLife International´s Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA) Programme has identified, documented and mapped over 13,000 sites of international importance for birds. IBAs have been influential with governments, multilateral agreements, businesses and others in: (1) informing governments’ efforts to expand protected area networks (in particular to meet their commitments through the Convention on Biological Diversity); (2) supporting the identification of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) in the marine realm, (3) identifying Wetlands of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention; (4) identifying sites of importance for species under the Convention on Migratory Species and its sister agreements; (5) identifying Special Protected Areas under the EU Birds Directive; (6) applying the environmental safeguards of international finance institutions such as the International Finance Corporation; (7) supporting the private sector to manage environmental risk in its operations; and (8) helping donor organisations like the Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund (CEPF) to prioritise investment in site-based conservation. The identification of IBAs (and IBAs in Danger: the most threatened of these) has also triggered conservation and management actions at site level, most notably by civil society organisations and local conservation groups. IBA data have therefore been widely used by stakeholders at different levels to help conserve a network of sites essential to maintaining the populations and habitats of birds as well as other biodiversity. The experience of IBA identification and conservation is shaping the design and implementation of the recently launched Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) Partnership and programme, as IBAs form a core part of the KBA network.
Patterns and trends in the intake distribution of manufactured and homemade sugar-sweetened beverages in pre-tax Mexico, 1999–2012
Authors: Aburto Tania C , Poti Jennifer M , Popkin Barry M 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe trends across the intake distribution of total, manufactured and homemade sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) from 1999 to 2012, focusing on high SSB consumers and on changes by socio-economic status (SES) subgroup.DesignWe analysed data from one 24 h dietary recall from two nationally representative surveys. Quantile regression models at the 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of energy intake distribution of SSB were used.Setting1999 Mexican National Nutrition Survey and 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey.ParticipantsSchool-aged children (5–11 years) and women (20–49 years) for trend analyses (n7718). Population aged >1 year for 2012 (n10 096).ResultsOver the 1999–2012 period, there were significant increases in the proportion of total and manufactured SSB consumers (5·7 and 10·7 percentage points), along with an increase in per-consumer SSB energy intake, resulting in significant increases in per-capita total SSB energy intake (142, 247 and 397 kJ/d (34, 59 and 95 kcal/d) in school-aged children and 155, 331 and 456 kJ/d (37, 79 and 109 kcal/d) in women at the 50th, 75th and 90th percentile, respectively). Total and manufactured SSB intakes increased sharply among low-SES children but remained similar among high-SES children during this time span.ConclusionsLarge increases in SSB consumption were seen between 1999 and 2012 during this pre-tax SSB period, particularly for the highest consumers. Trends observed in school-aged children are a clear example of the nutrition transition experienced in Mexico. Policies to discourage high intake of manufactured SSB should continue, joined with strategies to encourage water and low-calorie beverage consumption.
Development of chloroplast microsatellite markers for identification of Glycyrrhiza species
Authors: Lee Kyung Jun , Raveendar Sebastin , Choi Ji Seon , Gil Jinsu , Lee Jeong Hoon , So Yoon-Sup , Chung Jong-Wook 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLicorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is an important medicinal herb and has long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases worldwide. Understanding the genetic diversity within Glycyrrhiza species is important for the efficient conservation of these medicinal herbs. In this study, we have developed 20 polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) markers using the chloroplast genome of G. lepidota. The cpSSR markers were tested on a total of 27 Glycyrrhiza individual plants. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight among the Glycyrrhiza accessions. Overall, the Shannon index (I) for each cpSSR ranged from 0.315 to 1.694, the diversity indices (h) were 0.140–0.793 and the unbiased diversity indices (uh) were 0.145–0.825. In addition, the cpSSR markers were successfully divided and classified the 27 Glycyrrhiza individuals into four groups. The cpSSR markers developed in this study could be used in the assessment of genetic diversity and rapid identification of Glycyrrhiza species.
The impact of Recovery Colleges on mental health staff, services and society
Authors: Crowther A. , Taylor A. , Toney R. , Meddings S. , Whale T. , Jennings H. , Pollock K. , Bates P. , Henderson C. , Waring J. , Slade M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsRecovery Colleges are opening internationally. The evaluation focus has been on outcomes for Recovery College students who use mental health services. However, benefits may also arise for: staff who attend or co-deliver courses; the mental health and social care service hosting the Recovery College; and wider society. A theory-based change model characterising how Recovery Colleges impact at these higher levels is needed for formal evaluation of their impact, and to inform future Recovery College development. The aim of this study was to develop a stratified theory identifying candidate mechanisms of action and outcomes (impact) for Recovery Colleges at staff, services and societal levels.MethodsInductive thematic analysis of 44 publications identified in a systematised review was supplemented by collaborative analysis involving a lived experience advisory panel to develop a preliminary theoretical framework. This was refined through semi-structured interviews with 33 Recovery College stakeholders (service user students, peer/non-peer trainers, managers, community partners, clinicians) in three sites in England.ResultsCandidate mechanisms of action and outcomes were identified at staff, services and societal levels. At the staff level, experiencing new relationships may change attitudes and associated professional practice. Identified outcomes for staff included: experiencing and valuing co-production; changed perceptions of service users; and increased passion and job motivation. At the services level, Recovery Colleges often develop somewhat separately from their host system, reducing the reach of the college into the host organisation but allowing development of an alternative culture giving experiential learning opportunities to staff around co-production and the role of a peer workforce. At the societal level, partnering with community-based agencies gave other members of the public opportunities for learning alongside people with mental health problems and enabled community agencies to work with people they might not have otherwise. Recovery Colleges also gave opportunities to beneficially impact on community attitudes.ConclusionsThis study is the first to characterise the mechanisms of action and impact of Recovery Colleges on mental health staff, mental health and social care services, and wider society. The findings suggest that a certain distance is needed in the relationship between the Recovery College and its host organisation if a genuine cultural alternative is to be created. Different strategies are needed depending on what level of impact is intended, and this study can inform decision-making about mechanisms to prioritise. Future research into Recovery Colleges should include contextual evaluation of these higher level impacts, and investigate effectiveness and harms.
An Improved High‐Spatial‐Resolution Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm for MODIS Images Over Land
Authors: Wei Jing , Sun Lin , Peng Yiran , Wang Lunche , Zhang Zhaoyang , Bilal Muhammad , Ma Yanci 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data can play an important role in aerosol retrieval at the global scale due to their short revisit period and long‐term observations. The operational MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) products are severely limited in air quality studies at the city or local scales due to their coarse spatial resolutions. Therefore, an improved aerosol retrieval algorithm for MODIS images at 1‐km spatial resolution is proposed in this paper. This algorithm is based on the high‐resolution aerosol retrieval algorithm with a priori land surface reflectance database support (HARLS), which was developed over bright urban areas and was subsequently modified and validated over land. For this study, an eight‐day surface reflectance database and a seasonal aerosol‐type database over land are constructed using the MODIS surface reflectance and aerosol products. Four typical regions (in Europe, North America, Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei, and the Sahara) with different underlying surfaces and aerosol types are selected to perform the aerosol retrieval experiments. The AOD retrievals are validated against the AERosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) version 2 level 2.0 AOD measurements and compared with the operational MODIS AOD product at 3‐km resolution (MOD04_3K). The results show that AOD retrievals adequately match with AERONET AOD measurements, with 79.56%, 72.69%, 74.71%, and 61.01% of the collections falling within the MOD04_3K expected error over land [±(0.05 + 20%)] for each of the above‐listed regions, respectively. The Improved HARLS (I‐HARLS) algorithm performs well overall under different surface conditions, but the data quality gradually decreases with the increase in surface reflectance. Moreover, the I‐HARLS algorithm is robust with less bias and can provide more detailed aerosol spatial distributions than those provided by the MOD04_3K AOD product. These results suggest that the I‐HARLS algorithm can be used for air‐pollution‐ and climate‐related studies at medium or small scales.