bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with history of coronary artery disease
Authors: Cauldwell Matthew , Steer Philip J , von Klemperer Katherine , Kaler Mandeep , Grixti Sarah , Hale Joanna , O'Heney Josie , Warriner David , Curtis Stephanie , Mohan Aarthi R , Dockree Samuel , Mackillop Lucy , Head Catherine E G , Sterrenberg Monique , Wallace Suzanne , Freeman Leisa J , Patridge Gemma , Baalman Jelle H , McAuliffe Fionnuala M , Simpson Margaret , Walker Niki , Girling Joanna , Siddiqui Farah , Bolger Aidan P , Bredaki Foteini , Walker Fiona , Vause Sarah , Gatzoulis Michael A , Johnson Mark R , Roberts Anna 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundPregnancy outcomes in women with pre-existing coronary artery disease (CAD) are poorly described. There is a paucity of data therefore on which to base clinical management to counsel women, with regard to both maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodWe conducted a retrospective multicentre study of women with established CAD delivering at 16 UK specialised cardiac obstetric clinics. We included pregnancies of 24 weeks’ gestation or more, delivered between January 1998 and October 2018. Data were collected on maternal cardiovascular, obstetric and neonatal events.Results79 women who had 92 pregnancies (94 babies including two sets of twins) were identified. 35.9% had body mass index >30% and 24.3% were current smokers. 18/79 (22.8%) had prior diabetes, 27/79 (34.2%) had dyslipidaemia and 21/79 (26.2%) had hypertension. The underlying CAD was due to atherosclerosis in 52/79 (65.8%), spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) in 11/79 (13.9%), coronary artery spasm in 7/79 (8.9%) and thrombus in 9/79 (11.4%).There were six adverse cardiac events (6.6% event rate), one non-ST elevation myocardial infarction at 23 weeks’ gestation, two SCAD recurrences (one at 26 weeks’ gestation and one at 9 weeks’ postpartum), one symptomatic deterioration in left ventricular function and two women with worsening angina. 14% of women developed pre-eclampsia, 25% delivered preterm and 25% of infants were born small for gestational age.ConclusionWomen with established CAD have relatively low rates of adverse cardiac events in pregnancy. Rates of adverse obstetric and neonatal events are greater, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary care.
A new topological duality for n × m-valued Łukasiewicz–Moisil algebras
Authors: Figallo Aldo V. , Pascual Inés , Pelaitay Gustavo 
Published: September 2019

In 2000, Figallo and Sanza introduced [Formula: see text]-valued Łukasiewicz–Moisil algebras which are both a particular case of matrix Łukasiewicz algebras [W. Suchoń, Matrix Łukasiewicz Algebras, Rep. Math. Logic 4 (1975) 91–104] and a generalization of [Formula: see text]-valued Łukasiewicz–Moisil algebras. It is worth noting that unlike what happens in [Formula: see text]-valued Łukasiewicz–Moisil algebras, generally the De Morgan reducts of [Formula: see text]-valued Łukasiewicz–Moisil algebras are not Kleene algebras. Furthermore, in [C. Sanza, [Formula: see text]-valued Łukasiewicz algebras with negation, Rep. Math. Logic 40 (2006) 83–106] an important example which legitimated the study of this class of algebras is provided. In this paper, we continue the study of [Formula: see text]-valued Łukasiewicz–Moisil algebras (or [Formula: see text]-algebras). More precisely, we determine a new topological duality for these algebras. By means of this duality we characterize the congruences and specially the maximal congruences on [Formula: see text]-algebras. Then these characterizations allow us to assert that [Formula: see text]-algebras are semisimples and obtain a new description of subdirectly irreducible [Formula: see text]-algebras.
Geographic Trends, Patient Characteristics, and Outcomes of Infective Endocarditis Associated With Drug Abuse in the United States From 2002 to 2016
Authors: Kadri Amer N. , Wilner Bryan , Hernandez Adrian V. , Nakhoul Georges , Chahine Johnny , Griffin Brian , Pettersson Gosta , Grimm Richard , Navia Jose , Gordon Steven , Kapadia Samir R. , Harb Serge C. 
Published: September 2019

Background

There has been an increase in the prevalence of drug abuse (
DA
) in the national opioid epidemic. With increasing
DA
, there is an increased risk of infective endocarditis (
IE
). There are limited recent data evaluating national trends on the incidence and geographical distribution of
DA
‐
IE
. We aim to investigate those numbers as well as the determinants of outcome in this patient population.

Methods and Results

Hospitalized patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of
IE
based on the
International Classification of Diseases
,
Ninth and Tenth Revisions (ICD‐9, ICD‐10)
were included. We described the national and geographical trends in
DA
‐
IE
. We also compared
DA
‐
IE
patients’ characteristics and outcomes to those with
IE
, but without associated drug abuse (non‐
DA
‐
IE
) using Poisson regression models. Incidence of
DA
‐
IE
has nearly doubled between 2002 and 2016 All
US
regions were affected, and the Midwest had the highest increase in
DA
‐
IE
hospitalizations (annual percent change=4.9%). Patients with
DA
‐
IE
were younger, more commonly white males, poorer, had fewer comorbidities, and were more likely to have human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C, concomitant alcohol abuse, and liver disease. Their length of stay was longer (9 versus 7 days;
P
<0.001) and were more likely to undergo cardiac surgery (7.8% versus 6.2%;
P
<0.001), but their inpatient mortality was lower (6.4% versus 9.1%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

DA
‐
IE
is rising at an alarming rate in the United States. All regions of the
United States
are affected, with the Midwest having the highest increase in rate. Young‐adult, poor, white males were the most affected.
Education and Reconfiguring Lebanese Shiʿi Muslims into the Nation-State during the French Mandate, 1920-43
Authors: Sayed Linda 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article explores how educational reform became a primary concern for Shiʿi scholars and religious leaders as a means of integrating the Shiʿa of Lebanon into the broader national project during the French Mandate (1920-43). According to these Shiʿi writers, the lack of education contributed to their political and social marginalization as a community. This was the impetus for the development of the ʿĀmiliyya school in Beirut and the Jaʿfariyya school in Tyre. Based on archives from the ʿĀmiliyya and the Jaʿfariyya schools, this paper reflects on the pedagogical approaches taken by both schools to educate and “modernize” Shiʿi children during the French Mandate and early independence periods. Although each school had differing, and at times contrasting, objectives, their calls for educational advancement demonstrate Shiʿi efforts of inclusion into the new “modern” Lebanese nation-state. The establishment of the ʿĀmiliyya and the Jaʿfariyya schools demonstrates the growing sectarian and national underpinnings of the period.
A Parameterization with a Constrained Potential Energy Conversion Rate of Vertical Mixing Due to Langmuir Turbulence
Authors: Reichl Brandon G. , Li Qing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study we develop a new parameterization for turbulent mixing in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL), including the effect of Langmuir turbulence. This new parameterization builds on a recent study (Reichl and Hallberg 2018, hereafter RH18), which predicts the available energy for turbulent mixing against stable stratification driven by shear and convective turbulence. To investigate the role of Langmuir turbulence in the framework of RH18, we utilize data from a suite of previously published large-eddy simulation (LES) experiments (Li and Fox-Kemper 2017, hereafter LF17) with and without Langmuir turbulence under different idealized forcing conditions. We find that the parameterization of RH18 is able to reproduce the mixing simulated by the LES in the non-Langmuir cases, but not the Langmuir cases. We therefore investigate the enhancement of the integrated vertical buoyancy flux within the entrainment layer in the presence of Langmuir turbulence using the LES data. An additional factor is introduced in the RH18 framework to capture the enhanced mixing due to Langmuir turbulence. This additional factor depends on the surface-layer averaged Langmuir number with a reduction in the presence of destabilizing surface buoyancy fluxes. It is demonstrated that including this factor within the RH18 OSBL turbulent mixing parameterization framework captures the simulated effect of Langmuir turbulence in the LES, which can be used for simulating the effect of Langmuir turbulence in climate simulations. This new parameterization is compared to the KPP-based Langmuir entrainment parameterization introduced by LF17, and differences are explored in detail.
Lagrangian Evolution of the Northeast Pacific Marine Boundary Layer Structure and Cloud during CSET
Authors: Mohrmann Johannes , Bretherton Christopher S. , McCoy Isabel L. , McGibbon Jeremy , Wood Robert , Ghate Virendra , Albrecht Bruce , Sarkar Mampi , Zuidema Paquita , Palikonda Rabindra 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Flight data from the Cloud System Evolution over the Trades (CSET) campaign over the Pacific stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition are organized into 18 Lagrangian cases suitable for study and future modeling, made possible by the use of a track-and-resample flight strategy. Analysis of these cases shows that 2-day Lagrangian coherence of long-lived species (CO and O3) is high (r = 0.93 and 0.73, respectively), but that of subcloud aerosol, MBL depth, and cloud properties is limited. Although they span a wide range in meteorological conditions, most sampled air masses show a clear transition when considering 2-day changes in cloudiness (−31% averaged over all cases), MBL depth (+560 m), estimated inversion strength (EIS; −2.2 K), and decoupling, agreeing with previous satellite studies and theory. Changes in precipitation and droplet number were less consistent. The aircraft-based analysis is augmented by geostationary satellite retrievals and reanalysis data along Lagrangian trajectories between aircraft sampling times, documenting the evolution of cloud fraction, cloud droplet number concentration, EIS, and MBL depth. An expanded trajectory set spanning the summer of 2015 is used to show that the CSET-sampled air masses were representative of the season, with respect to EIS and cloud fraction. Two Lagrangian case studies attractive for future modeling are presented with aircraft and satellite data. The first features a clear Sc–Cu transition involving MBL deepening and decoupling with decreasing cloud fraction, and the second undergoes a much slower cloud evolution despite a greater initial depth and decoupling state. Potential causes for the differences in evolution are explored, including free-tropospheric humidity, subsidence, surface fluxes, and microphysics.
On what basis should we select treatment in clinical psychiatry: a question too obvious to ask?
Authors: Restifo Sam , Tan Lemuel Y H 
Published: September 2019

Objective: Given the differences between our profession and the broader set of medical disciplines, a review of the factors to be considered in treatment planning was conducted. Conclusion: Treatment planning in psychiatry is inherently more complicated than in other medical disciplines for various reasons including: a broader range of conceptual models of mental illness and treatment; greater complexities around nosology and diagnosis; the greater limitations of the research evidence base and clinical practice guidelines; and the more substantial impacts of patients’ subjectivity and contextual aspects. Diagnosis is generally neither a sufficient nor necessarily the most useful criterion for treatment planning in psychiatry, with a number of other considerations to help guide treatment being outlined.
Associations of depression-anxiety and dyslipidaemia with subclinical carotid arterial disease: Findings from the Whitehall II Study
Authors: Ellins Elizabeth A , Shipley Martin J , Rees D Aled , Kemp Andrew , Deanfield John E , Brunner Eric J , Halcox Julian P 
Published: September 2019

Aims There is mixed evidence for an association between depression and/or anxiety and carotid intima-media thickness, and limited information on the related role of dyslipidaemia. Here we report associations between depression and/or anxiety and intima-media thickness in the Whitehall II cohort, considering the moderating effects of sex and dyslipidaemia. Methods A total of 2822 men and 1112 women (61 ± 6 years) were studied during phase 7 (2002–2004) of the Whitehall II study. Intima-media thickness and lipid levels were assessed, and questionnaires (general health questionnaire and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale) were completed. Linear regression was used to explore relationships between depression and/or anxiety and intima-media thickness and the moderating effects of sex and dyslipidaemia. Results A total of 1461 participants were categorised with depression and/or anxiety. The association between depression and/or anxiety and intima-media thickness differed between men and women so analyses were undertaken separately by sex. In men, intima-media thickness was significantly associated with dyslipidaemia ( P = 0.002) but not depression and/or anxiety ( P = 0.29). In women, both dyslipidaemia and depression and/or anxiety were independently associated with intima-media thickness ( P = 0.028 and P = 0.031). The greatest intima-media thickness was in women with both depression and/or anxiety and dyslipidaemia. These results were replicated when the general health questionnaire score was substituted for depression and/or anxiety and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for dyslipidaemia. Conclusions Depression and/or anxiety is associated with increased intima-media thickness in women but not in men. Dyslipidaemia is associated with intima-media thickness in both men and women. Women with both depression and/or anxiety and dyslipidaemia are potentially at the greatest risk of cardiovascular disease.
Pharmaceutical Benefit-Risk Perception and Older Age: A Pilot Study
Authors: Balog-Way Dominic Hugo Patrick , Löfstedt Ragnar Ernst 
Published: September 2019

Background: Older age plays an important role in pharmaceutical benefit-risk perception. This creates challenges and opportunities, especially for regulatory authorities and advocacy groups seeking to communicate with patients of all ages. This study explored the pharmaceutical benefit-risk perceptions of older versus younger adults to identify age-related effects for further study. Methods: 80 face-to-face surveys were conducted with samples of older and younger respondents from Boulder, Colorado (USA), and Dublin (Ireland). Results: Older adults were more likely than their younger counterparts to view greater risk today than 20 years ago for 14 out of 16 items ranging from diabetes and Alzheimer disease, to patients taking prescription medicines. Both older and younger respondents perceived most medical treatments as high in benefit and low in risk. Older adults construed “risk” variably as (1) side effects, (2) dangers of inappropriate use, and (3) wider issues. Crucially, older adults’ quantitative benefit-risk judgments were strongly influenced by personal experiences and the positive/negative feelings they most associated with different medicines, medical procedures and tests. While positive associations influenced high benefit perceptions, negative associations influenced high risk perceptions. Conclusion: Age-related effects on risk perception should be further explored to help improve the effectiveness of benefit-risk communication for adults of all ages.
“Pisando Fuerte”: an evidence-based falls prevention program for Hispanic/Latinos older adults: results of an implementation trial
Authors: Mora Pinzon Maria , Myers Shannon , Jacobs Elizabeth A. , Ohly Sherri , Bonet-Vázquez Militza , Villa Marcia , Castro Al , Mahoney Jane 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
We previously developed Pisando Fuerte (PF), a linguistically and culturally appropriate version of “Stepping On”, an evidence-based fall prevention program building on self-efficacy and adult learning principles. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of PF at two community organizations in Wisconsin.

Methods
PF consisted of 2 h sessions delivered in Spanish over the course of 8 weeks by two trained leaders, at two community sites in Wisconsin. Participants identified strategies for falls prevention and practiced progressive balance and strength exercises. The RE-AIM framework guided the mixed-methods evaluation. Falls Behavioral Risk Scale (FaB) (Outcomes), and uptake of protective behaviors (Individual Maintenance) were evaluated 6 months after completion. Fidelity of delivery (Implementation) was evaluated by an independent assessor for three sessions at each site using a-priori criteria based on key elements of Stepping On.

Results
Twenty-four Hispanic/Latino individuals, whose primary language is Spanish, were enrolled in two workshops. The mean age was 70.5 years; 71% were female, and five reported a fall in the year prior. Outcomes: There was a non-statically significant decrease in the number of falls per person [RR: 0.33 (95%CI: 0.096–1.13)] at 6 months. There was a statistically significant improvement of the mean Falls Behavioral Risk Scale (FaB) (baseline = 2.69 vs. 6-months post-intervention = 3.16, p < 0.001). Adoption: Barriers to adoption included leader training in English, time to identify Spanish-speaking guest experts, and time to prepare for each session. Implementation: Satisfactory fidelity of delivery was achieved in 69% of the elements; fidelity lapses were more common in the use of adult learning strategies and programmatic aspects. Eighty eight percent of participants completed the program, and 95% of them adequately demonstrated the exercises. Maintenance: At 6 months, 57.9% of participants continued doing exercises, 94% adopted safer walking strategies, and 67% executed at least one home safety recommendation. These results are similar to those seen in the original Stepping On program.

Conclusions
Our study shows good fidelity of delivery with implementation of “Pisando Fuerte”. Pre-post data demonstrate a significant reduction in falls behavioral risk among Hispanic/Latino participants, similar to results with “Stepping On”.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03895021. Registered March 29, 2019.
Rubella transmission and the risk of congenital rubella syndrome in Liberia: a need to introduce rubella-containing vaccine in the routine immunization program
Authors: Woyessa Abyot Bekele , Ali Mohammed Seid , Korkpor Tiala K. , Tuopileyi Roland , Kohar Henry T. , Dogba John , Baller April , Monday Julius , Abdullahi Suleman , Nagbe Thomas , Mulbah Gertrude , Kromah Mohammed , Sesay Jeremy , Yealue Kwuakuan , Nyenswah Tolbert , Gebrekidan Mesfin Zbelo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Rubella is an RNA virus in the genus Rubivirus within the Matonaviridae family. Rubella remains a leading vaccine-preventable cause of birth defects. Most African countries including Liberia do not currently provide rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) in their immunization program. We analyzed the existing surveillance data to describe rubella cases and identify the at-risk population.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective descriptive statistics on the suspected-measles case-based surveillance data that obtained from the national database. Suspected-measles cases who were negative and indeterminate for measles IgM and tested for rubella IgM were extracted from the database. We used only rubella IgM positive cases to calculate trends and percentages by person, place and time. The cumulative-percent curve was used to visually describe the age distribution of rubella cases.

Results
During 2017–2018, a total of 2027 suspected-measles cases with known laboratory results were reported; of which, 1307 were tested for rubella IgM. Among tested cases, 472 (36%) were positive, 769 (59%) were negative and 66 (5%) were indeterminate for rubella IgM. Female contributed 269 (57%) of the confirmed rubella cases respectively. The median age was 7 years with an interquartile range of 5–10 years. From the total rubella cases, 6 (1%) were under 1 year, 109 (23%) were 1–4 years, 207 (44%) were 5–9 years, 87 (18%) were 10–14 years and 56 (12%) were more than or equal to 15 years. Women in their reproductive-age contributed 23 (5%) of rubella cases with 17% positivity rate. Two-thirds or 307 (65%) of the cases were reported from February to May which is dry season in Liberia.

Conclusions
Our analysis revealed that rubella was widely circulating in Liberia. Majority of the cases were reported among children < 15 years. However, rubella was also reported among women of reproductive age and infants < 1 year with no report of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Detail investigation of rubella cases among infants of < 1 year and women of reproductive age is important to uncover CRS. Establishment of CRS surveillance and the introduction of RCV in the immunization program are crucial to prevent rubella infection and avert the risk of CRS.
Clinical characteristics and mutation Spectrum of NF1 in 12 Chinese families with orbital/periorbital plexiform Neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Chai Peiwei , Luo Yingxiu , Zhou Chuandi , Wang Yefei , Fan Xianqun , Jia Renbing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Orbital/periorbital plexiform neurofibroma (OPPN) can compromise physical appearance and visual function. However, the clinical characteristics and NF1 mutation landscape in patients with heritable OPPN have not been reported.

Methods
The medical charts of 26 Chinese patients with OPPN from 12 families were reviewed. Mutation analysis of the entire coding region and flanking splice sites of the NF1 gene was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Novel NF1 mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

Results
Compared to the parental generation, a significantly larger proportion of OPPN patients in the successive generation presented with earlier onset (p = 0.001), amblyopia (p = 0.034), motility disorders (p = 0.009) and bony orbital expansion (p = 0.019). Six novel NF1 mutations were identified in 11 (91.67%) families, including 6 (42.9%) single-base substitutions, 4 (28.5%) splicing mutations, 3 (21.4%) frameshift deletions, and 1 (7.14%) intron mutation.

Conclusions
The successive generation of OPPN patients presented with earlier onset and exhibited more severe ocular signs than did their parents or grandparents. Special attention should be paid to successive generations of OPPN patients. Considering that 6 mutations were novel, comprehensive NF1 mutation analysis is required or necessary or proposed for genetic counselling.