bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast water‐selective permeation through graphene oxide membrane with water transport promoters
Authors: Liang Feng , Liu Quan , Zhao Jing , Guan Kecheng , Mao Yangyang , Liu Gongping , Gu Xuehong , Jin Wanqin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO), as a representative two‐dimensional material, has shown great prospect in developing high‐performance separation membranes via forming ordered and tunable nanochannels. However, for aqueous molecular separations, the implementation of an excellent separation performance remains a critical challenge due to the membrane swelling phenomenon and the trade‐off effect between permeation flux and separation factor. Herein, a facile and tunable approach is presented for introducing water transport promoters into GO interlayer channels to construct water transport highways. The combination of covalently cross‐linked channel structure, facilitated water‐selective sorption, and expedited water‐preferential diffusion overcome the trade‐off effect, achieving a superior performance from an ultrathin GO membrane with a flux of 5.94 kg/m2∙h and a water/butanol separation factor of 3,965, which exceeds the performance of state‐of‐the‐art membranes for water/butanol separation. The strategy proposed here is straightforward, holding great potential to produce high‐efficiency GO and other two‐dimensional (2D)‐material membranes for precise aqueous molecular separations.
Concepts in the neurosurgical care of patients with spinal neural tube defects: An embryologic approach
Authors: Blount Jeffrey P. , George Timothy M. , Koueik Joyce , Iskandar Bermans J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe neural tube defects (NTDs) are a heterogeneous group of structural birth defects that arise from a complex array of multiple genetic and environmental factors and adversely affect the structure and function of the brain and spinal cord. Spinal NTDs are clinically more common than cranial NTDs. There remains a significant gap in linking the multiple NTD phenotypes to current genomic understanding.MethodsThis article summarizes the neurosurgical clinical approach to spinal NTDs by correlating each step of embryonic development of the human nervous system with key management concepts for defects that arise at that step.ResultsThe NTDs are broadly classified as open or closed. Open defects include myelomeningocele (MMC), encephalocele, and anencephaly. Closed defects are also known as occult spinal dysraphism and are characterized by intact skin over the spinal defect. They are more common and often cause neurologic decline from tethered cord syndrome. Failure of primary neurulation gives rise to open myelomeningocele (MMC). Surgical closure of an open MMC focuses on realigning the tissue layers that failed to separate during neurulation. In utero closure is a promising recent technique. Chronic neurosurgical management largely focuses treating hydrocephalus. The Chiari II malformation is uniformly present in MMC patients and may cause brainstem dysfunction. Tethered spinal cord may progressively impair normal neurologic function but typically responds well to surgical untethering.ConclusionsSurgical closure of MMC centers on approximated realignment of embryologically disordered neural tissue. Clinical surgical management decisions in the spinal NTDs remains challenging but standardized principles have emerged.
National population‐based estimates for major birth defects, 2010–2014
Authors: Mai Cara T. , Isenburg Jennifer L. , Canfield Mark A. , Meyer Robert E. , Correa Adolfo , Alverson Clinton J. , Lupo Philip J. , Riehle‐Colarusso Tiffany , Cho Sook Ja , Aggarwal Deepa , Kirby Russell S. ,   National Birth Defects Prevention Network
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundUsing the National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) annual data report, U.S. national prevalence estimates for major birth defects are developed based on birth cohort 2010–2014.MethodsData from 39 U.S. population‐based birth defects surveillance programs (16 active case‐finding, 10 passive case‐finding with case confirmation, and 13 passive without case confirmation) were used to calculate pooled prevalence estimates for major defects by case‐finding approach. Fourteen active case‐finding programs including at least live birth and stillbirth pregnancy outcomes monitoring approximately one million births annually were used to develop national prevalence estimates, adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity (for all conditions examined) and maternal age (trisomies and gastroschisis). These calculations used a similar methodology to the previous estimates to examine changes over time.ResultsThe adjusted national birth prevalence estimates per 10,000 live births ranged from 0.62 for interrupted aortic arch to 16.87 for clubfoot, and 19.93 for the 12 critical congenital heart defects combined. While the birth prevalence of most birth defects studied remained relatively stable over 15 years, an increasing prevalence was observed for gastroschisis and Down syndrome. Additionally, the prevalence for atrioventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, omphalocele, and trisomy 18 increased in this period compared to the previous periods. Active case‐finding programs generally had higher prevalence rates for most defects examined, most notably for anencephaly, anophthalmia/microphthalmia, trisomy 13, and trisomy 18.ConclusionNational estimates of birth defects prevalence provide data for monitoring trends and understanding the impact of these conditions. Increasing prevalence rates observed for selected conditions warrant further examination.
Regulation of Gene Expression and Replication Initiation by Non‐Coding Transcription: A Model Based on Reshaping Nucleosome‐Depleted Regions
Authors: Soudet Julien , Stutz Françoise 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRNA polymerase II (RNAP II) non‐coding transcription is now known to cover almost the entire eukaryotic genome, a phenomenon referred to as pervasive transcription. As a consequence, regions previously thought to be non‐transcribed are subject to the passage of RNAP II and its associated proteins for histone modification. This is the case for the nucleosome‐depleted regions (NDRs), which provide key sites of entry into the chromatin for proteins required for the initiation of coding gene transcription and DNA replication. In this review, recent data on the effects of pervasive transcription through NDRs are summarized and a model is proposed to explain how RNAP II‐driven transcription is able to modify the nucleosomes flanking the NDRs, leading to nucleosome repositioning and NDR closure. Even though much of the mechanistic detail underlying these events remains to be elucidated, such a model provides a basis to explain how non‐coding transcription through NDRs can regulate the initiation of coding gene expression and DNA replication.
Does Reproduction Shorten Telomeres? Towards Integrating Individual Quality with Life‐History Strategies in Telomere Biology
Authors: Sudyka Joanna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReproduction, a basic property of biological life, entails costs for an organism, ultimately detectable as reduction in survival prospects. Telomeres are an excellent candidate biomarker for explaining these reproductive costs, because their shortening correlates with increased mortality risk. For similar reasons, telomeres are perceived as biomarkers of individual “quality.” The relationship between reproduction and telomere dynamics is reviewed, emphasizing that cost and quality perspectives, commonly presented in isolation, should be integrated. While a majority of correlative studies have confirmed the relationship between telomere dynamics and various reproductive outputs, only limited experimental support exists showing that reproduction causes telomeres to shorten. A shift of focus to experimental manipulations of reproductive effort/telomere dynamics is crucial. However, the observation of survival reduction in response to these manipulations is essential for establishing telomeres as genuine biomarkers, allowing to unravel trade‐offs related to reproduction.
A bioinspired 3D shape olibanum‐collagen‐gelatin scaffolds with tunable porous microstructure for efficient neural tissue regeneration
Authors: Ghorbani Farnaz , Zamanian Ali , Kermanian Fatemeh , Shamoosi Atefeh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere are a number of procedures for regeneration of injured nerves; however, tissue engineering scaffolds seems to be a promising approach for recovery of the functionality of the injured nerves. Consequently, in this study, olibanum‐collagen‐gelatin scaffolds were fabricated by freeze‐cast technology. For this purpose, the olibanum and collagen were extracted from natural sources. The effect of solidification gradient on microstructure and properties of scaffolds was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed the formation of lamellar‐type microstructure in which the average pore size reduced with an increase in freezing rate. According to the results, the prepared scaffolds at lower freezing rate showed a slight reduction in mechanical strength while the swelling and biodegradation ratio were increased due to the presence of larger pores and unidirectional channels. The composition of scaffolds and oriented microstructure improved cellular interaction. In addition, scaffolds with lower freezing rate exhibited promising results in terms of adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. In brief, the synthesized scaffolds at lower solidification rate have the potential for more in vitro and in vivo analyses to regeneration of neural defects.
Sorafenib and omacetaxine mepesuccinate as a safe and effective treatment for acute myeloid leukemia carrying internal tandem duplication of Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3
Authors: Zhang Chunxiao , Lam Stephen S. Y. , Leung Garret M. K. , Tsui Sze‐Pui , Yang Ning , Ng Nelson K. L. , Ip Ho‐Wan , Au Chun‐Hang , Chan Tsun‐Leung , Ma Edmond S. K. , Yip Sze‐Fai , Lee Harold K. K. , Lau June S. M. , Luk Tsan‐Hei , Li Wa , Kwong Yok‐Lam , Leung Anskar Y. H. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundOmacetaxine mepesuccinate (OME) has antileukemic effects against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carrying an internal tandem duplication of Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3‐ITD). A phase 2 clinical trial was conducted to evaluate a combination treatment of sorafenib and omacetaxine mepesuccinate (SOME).MethodsRelapsed or refractory (R/R) or newly diagnosed patients were treated with sorafenib (200‐400 mg twice daily) and OME (2 mg daily) for 7 (first course) or 5 days (second course onward) every 21 days until disease progression or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The primary endpoint was composite complete remission, which was defined as complete remission (CR) plus complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi). Secondary endpoints were leukemia‐free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsThirty‐nine R/R patients and 5 newly diagnosed patients were recruited. Among the R/R patients, 28 achieved CR or CRi. Two patients showed partial remission, and 9 patients did not respond. Among the 5 newly diagnosed patients, 4 achieved CR, and 1 achieved CRi. The median LFS and OS were 5.6 and 10.9 months, respectively. Prior Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitor exposure (P = .007), 2 or more inductions (P = .001), and coexisting IDH2 (P = .008) and RUNX1 mutations (P = .003) were associated with lower CR/CRi rates. HSCT consolidation and deep molecular responses (defined as an FLT3‐ITD variant allelic frequency [VAF] ≤ 0.1% or a nucleophosmin 1 [NPM1] mutant VAF ≤ 0.01%) were associated with better OS and LFS. Prior FLT3 inhibitor exposure and 2 or more inductions were associated with inferior LFS.ConclusionsSOME was safe and effective for R/R and newly diagnosed FLT3‐ITD AML.
Introduction to the special issue on advancing assessment of, and interventions for, eating disorders via innovative uses of technology
Authors: Bauer Stephanie , Goldschmidt Andrea B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this editorial is to introduce a Special Issue of the International Journal of Eating Disorders on “Advancing Assessment of, and Interventions for, Eating Disorders via Innovative Uses of Technology.” The 10 contributions to the Special Issue focus on the following main questions: (a) How can we optimize technology‐enhanced interventions for eating disorders? (b) To what extent can technology help professionals to reach underserved populations? (c) How can innovative technology‐enhanced tools improve assessment and treatment of eating disorders? The findings cumulatively suggest that technology can play a critical role in the detection and treatment of eating disorders, and may be used to enhance understanding of the etiology, maintenance, and course of these conditions. The contributions to this Special Issue have important implications for the conceptualization, design, and evaluation of technology‐enhanced interventions as well as for the optimization of current assessment methods. Hopefully, they will stimulate future research in this quickly evolving field.
The effect of allometric partitioning on herbivory tolerance in four species in South China
Authors: Fan Zhe‐Xuan , Chen Bao‐Ming , Liao Hui‐Xuan , Zhou Guo‐Hao , Peng Shao‐Lin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHerbivory tolerance can offset the negative effects of herbivory on plants and plays an important role in both immigration and population establishment. Biomass reallocation is an important potential mechanism of herbivory tolerance. To understand how biomass allocation affects plant herbivory tolerance, it is necessary to distinguish the biomass allocations resulting from environmental gradients or plant growth. There is generally a tight balance between the amounts of biomass invested in different organs, which must be analyzed by means of an allometric model. The allometric exponent is not affected by individual growth and can reflect the changes in biomass allocation patterns of different parts. Therefore, the allometric exponent was chosen to study the relationship between biomass allocation pattern and herbivory tolerance. We selected four species (Wedelia chinensis, Wedelia trilobata, Merremia hederacea, and Mikania micrantha), two of which are invasive species and two of which are accompanying native species, and established three herbivory levels (0%, 25% and 50%) to compare differences in allometry. The biomass allocation in stems was negatively correlated with herbivory tolerance, while that in leaves was positively correlated with herbivory tolerance. Furthermore, the stability of the allometric exponent was related to tolerance, indicating that plants with the ability to maintain their biomass allocation patterns are more tolerant than those without this ability, and the tendency to allocate biomass to leaves rather than to stems or roots helps increase this tolerance. The allometric exponent was used to remove the effects of individual development on allocation pattern, allowing the relationship between biomass allocation and herbivory tolerance to be more accurately explored. This research used an allometric model to fit the nonlinear process of biomass partitioning during the growth and development of plants and provides a new understanding of the relationship between biomass allocation and herbivory tolerance.
Evidence for host effect on the intestinal microbiota of whitefish (Coregonus sp.) species pairs and their hybrids
Authors: Sevellec Maelle , Laporte Martin , Bernatchez Alex , Derome Nicolas , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInvestigating relationships between microbiota and their host is essential toward a full understanding of how animal adapt to their environment. Lake Whitefish offers a powerful system to investigate processes of adaptive divergence where the dwarf, limnetic species evolved repeatedly from the normal, benthic species. We compared the transient intestinal microbiota between both species from the wild and in controlled conditions, including their reciprocal hybrids. We sequenced the 16s rRNA gene V3‐V4 regions to (a) test for parallelism in the transient intestinal microbiota among sympatric pairs, (b) test for transient intestinal microbiota differences among dwarf, normal, and hybrids reared under identical conditions, and (c) compare intestinal microbiota between wild and captive whitefish. A significant host effect on microbiota taxonomic composition was observed when all lakes were analyzed together and in three of the five species pairs. In captive whitefish, host effect was also significant. Microbiota of both reciprocal hybrids fell outside of that observed in the parental forms. Six genera formed a bacterial core which was present in captive and wild whitefish, suggesting a horizontal microbiota transmission. Altogether, our results complex interactions among the host, the microbiota, and the environment, and we propose that these interactions define three distinct evolutionary paths of the intestinal microbiota.
Genetic divergence and phenotypic plasticity contribute to variation in cuticular hydrocarbons in the seaweed fly Coelopa frigida
Authors: Berdan Emma , Enge Swantje , Nylund Göran M. , Wellenreuther Maren , Martens Gerrit A. , Pavia Henrik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) form the boundary between insects and their environments and often act as essential cues for species, mate, and kin recognition. This complex polygenic trait can be highly variable both among and within species, but the causes of this variation, especially the genetic basis, are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated phenotypic and genetic variation of CHCs in the seaweed fly, Coelopa frigida, and found that composition was affected by both genetic (sex and population) and environmental (larval diet) factors. We subsequently conducted behavioral trials that show CHCs are likely used as a sexual signal. We identified general shifts in CHC chemistry as well as individual compounds and found that the methylated compounds, mean chain length, proportion of alkenes, and normalized total CHCs differed between sexes and populations. We combined these data with whole genome resequencing data to examine the genetic underpinnings of these differences. We identified 11 genes related to CHC synthesis and found population‐level outlier SNPs in 5 that are concordant with phenotypic differences. Together these results reveal that the CHC composition of C. frigida is dynamic, strongly affected by the larval environment, and likely under natural and sexual selection.
Consequences of past and present harvest management in a declining flyway population of common eidersSomateria mollissima
Authors: Tjørnløv Rune S. , Pradel Roger , Choquet Rémi , Christensen Thomas Kjær , Frederiksen Morten 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHarvested species population dynamics are shaped by the relative contribution of natural and harvest mortality. Natural mortality is usually not under management control, so managers must continuously adjust harvest rates to prevent overexploitation. Ideally, this requires regular assessment of the contribution of harvest to total mortality and how this affects population dynamics.To assess the impact of hunting mortality on the dynamics of the rapidly declining Baltic/Wadden Sea population of common eidersSomateria mollissima, we first estimated vital rates of ten study colonies over the period 1970–2015. By means of a multi‐event capture–recovery model, we then used the cause of death of recovered individuals to estimate proportions of adult females that died due to hunting or other causes. Finally, we adopted a stochastic matrix population modeling approach based on simulations to investigate the effect of past and present harvest regulations on changes in flyway population size and composition.Results showed that even the complete ban on shooting females implemented in 2014 in Denmark, where most hunting takes place, was not enough to stop the population decline given current levels of natural female mortality. Despite continued hunting of males, our predictions suggest that the proportion of females will continue to decline unless natural mortality of the females is reduced.Although levels of natural mortality must decrease to halt the decline of this population, we advocate that the current hunting ban on females is maintained while further investigations of factors causing increased levels of natural mortality among females are undertaken.Synthesis and applications. At the flyway scale, continuous and accurate estimates of vital rates and the relative contribution of harvest versus other mortality causes are increasingly important as the population effect of adjusting harvest rates is most effectively evaluated within a model‐based adaptive management framework.
Spatial covariation of competing species in a fluctuating environment
Authors: Lee Aline Magdalena , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Engen Steinar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how stochastic fluctuations in the environment influence population dynamics is crucial for sustainable management of biological diversity. However, because species do not live in isolation, this requires knowledge of how species interactions influence population dynamics. In addition, spatial processes play an important role in shaping population dynamics. It is therefore important to improve our understanding of how these different factors act together to shape patterns of abundance across space within and among species. Here, we present a new analytical model for understanding patterns of covariation in space between interacting species in a stochastic environment. We show that the correlation between two species in how they experience the same environmental conditions determines how correlated fluctuations in their densities would be in the absence of competition. In other words, without competition, synchrony between the species is driven by the environment, similar to the Moran effect within a species. Competition between the two species causes their abundances to become less positively or more negatively correlated. The same strength of competition has a greater negative effect on the correlation between species when one of them has a more variable growth rate than the other. In addition, dispersal or other movement weakens the effect of competition on the interspecific correlation. Finally, we show that movement increases the distance over which the species are (positively or negatively) correlated, an effect that is stronger when the species are competitors, and that there is a close connection between the spatial scaling of population synchrony within a species and between species. Our results show that the relationships between the different factors influencing interspecific correlations in abundance are not simple linear ones, but this model allows us to disentangle them and predict how they will affect population fluctuations in different situations.