bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promesas biotecnológicas. Determinismo genético, cáncer y maternidad por sustitución: un análisis crítico
Authors: Pérez Sedeño Eulalia 
Published: February 2018

<p>La biotecnología, sobre todo a partir del desciframiento del genoma humano, ha ofrecido muchas promesas, en su mayoría aún sin cumplir. Mediante el análisis feminista de algunas de estas promesas y el del caso de la maternidad por sustitución, veremos cómo los objetivos, fines e imaginarios de estas biotecnologías afectan de manera desigual a las mujeres y puede ayudar a perpetuar las desigualdades existentes y el papel subordinado de las mujeres en nuestras sociedades. Análisis de este tipo pueden alertar al respecto y a minimizar los daños.</p><p> </p><p>Abstract</p><p>Biotechnology, especially since the decipherment of the human genome, has offered many promises, most of which are still unfulfilled. Through the feminist analysis of some of these promises and the case of subrogated motherhood, we will see how the goals, ends and imaginary of these biotechnologies unequally affect women and can help to perpetuate existing inequalities and the subordinate role of Women in our societies. Analysis of this type can alert about, and minimize, damages.</p>
Plus autonome ? L’évolution des structures de gouvernance des sociétés cotées françaises (1997-2008)
Authors: Hollandts Xavier , Borodak Daniela , Tichit Ariane 
Published: February 2018

Le choix de la structure de gouvernance est susceptible d’avoir un impact majeur sur l’efficacité du gouvernement d’entreprise. Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser les variables influençant le choix d’une structure de gouvernance donnée : conseil d’administration avec PDG, conseil d’administration avec séparation des fonctions ou Directoire et Conseil de surveillance. Nos résultats basés sur une étude quantitative portant sur les sociétés françaises cotées montrent que la probabilité d’adoption d’une structure autonome est liée au degré d’enracinement du dirigeant, à la concentration du capital, l’identité des actionnaires, la composition du conseil et le contexte de performance.
La genèse d’un centre de R&D à l’international. Le cas de l’industrie automobile
Authors: Dalmasso Cédric , Maniak Rémi 
Published: February 2018

L’internationalisation de la R&D est une tendance lourde, mais très peu de travaux étudient la genèse de centres de R&D à l’international. L’article s’appuie sur l’analyse longitudinale de deux cas dans l’industrie automobile et montre que l’internationalisation de la R&D combine trois mécanismes constitutifs d’une « proximité organisée » : la construction de compétences et capacités, l’établissement de nouvelles routines et la constitution d’une légitimité interne et externe. Ces mécanismes s’inscrivent dans une temporalité longue, et sont à la base de l’enrichissement et de l’évolution des missions des centres de R&D à l’international.
La « logique du praticable » à l’épreuve de la pratique scientifique
Authors: Faure Samuel B. H. , Lequesne Christian 
Published: February 2018

Cet article est une réflexion critique sur la« logique du praticable » de Vincent Pouliot quia contribué depuis dix ans à faire progresser lathéorie des Relations internationales. À partir de leurspropres travaux, les auteurs formulent trois questionnements relatifsà la « logique du praticable ».D’abord, ils s’interrogent sur l’enchâssementde la « logique du praticable » avec les logiquesréflexives dans la construction théorique de VincentPouliot. Ensuite, ils réfléchissent à sonopérationnalisation méthodologique. Enfin, ils examinentle statut des données empiriques et de leurs usages. Afind’assumer la rupture prônée par Vincent Pouliot, lesauteurs invitent à considérer plusieurs« logiques du praticable » et à se tournerdavantage encore vers la recherche ethnographique de terrain pourrenouveler la théorie des Relations internationales.
Militantisme socio-sanitaire et changement socio-spatial dans les villes tropicales : bilan de l’expérience camerounaise
Authors: Meva’a Abomo Dominique 
Published: February 2018

Le militantisme socio-sanitaire désigne l’engagement (social, politique, économique, culturel ou environnemental) et l’agir individuel et/ou collectif dans le but de promouvoir la santé aux échelles individuelle, familiale et/ou communautaire. Sa contribution au changement sociospatial dans les villes camerounaises est mitigée à cause de la désarticulation structurelle et fonctionnelle entre les cinq composantes de l’univers du militantisme socio-sanitaire : acteurs sociaux, objet-militant, enjeu-militant, activisme et temporalité. Cette désarticulation entretient l’érodabilité de l’engagement socio-spatial volontaire. À l’étude de conclure qu’il faut faire de la ville camerounaise une priorité du militantisme socio-sanitaire, et du militantisme socio-sanitaire une priorité dans la ville camerounaise.
Dificuldade escolar em crianças nascidas pequenas para a idade gestacional.
Authors: Rios Noemi Vieira de Freitas , Santiago Ana Cecília Travassos , Fernandes Luciene da Cruz , Alves Crésio 
Published: February 2018

Introdução: a identificação precoce de dificuldades escolares em crianças nascidas pequenas para a idade gestacional (PIG) é importante para prevenir ou minimizar comprometimentos no desenvolvimento cognitivo e psicossocial. Objetivo: Identificar e caracterizar a presença de dificuldade escolar em grupo de crianças PIG e compará-las com crianças nascidas adequadas para a idade gestacional (AIG). Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, transversal, realizado com dados secundários. A população participante deste estudo constituiu-se de mães de crianças PIG (grupo-pesquisa) e AIG (grupo-controle), previamente estudadas por meio de coorte nos primeiros anos de vida, nascidas na rede pública de Salvador. Os dados das crianças e das respectivas mães sobre a situação demográfica, socioeconômica e de desenvolvimento foram coletados por meio de entrevista durante a consulta e a partir de revisão dos registros nos prontuários médicos. Resultados: a amostra estudada apresentou taxas consideráveis de crianças apresentando dificuldades escolares (pouco mais de 30%) em ambos os grupos. Quanto aos tipos de dificuldades relatadas pelas mães, a principal foi a timidez em ambos os grupos, além de dispersão e hiperatividade no grupo-pesquisa. Conclusão: ressalta-se a necessidade de novos estudos com um número maior de indivíduos e de dar continuidade ao acompanhamento a essas crianças, a fim de identificar problemas relacionados ao processo de desenvolvimento e escolarização.
An Integrative Research Framework to Unravel the Interplay of Natural Hazards and Vulnerabilities
Authors: Di Baldassarre Giuliano , Nohrstedt Daniel , Mård Johanna , Burchardt Steffi , Albin Cecilia , Bondesson Sara , Breinl Korbinian , Deegan Frances M. , Fuentes Diana , Lopez Marc Girons , Granberg Mikael , Nyberg Lars , Nyman Monika Rydstedt , Rhodes Emma , Troll Valentin , Young Stephanie , Walch Colin , Parker Charles F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClimate change, globalization, urbanization, social isolation, and increased interconnectedness between physical, human, and technological systems pose major challenges to disaster risk reduction (DRR). Subsequently, economic losses caused by natural hazards are increasing in many regions of the world, despite scientific progress, persistent policy action, and international cooperation. We argue that these dramatic figures call for novel scientific approaches and new types of data collection to integrate the two main approaches that still dominate the science underpinning DRR: the hazard paradigm and the vulnerability paradigm. Building from these two approaches, here we propose a research framework that specifies the scope of enquiry, concepts, and general relations among phenomena. We then discuss the essential steps to advance systematic empirical research and evidence‐based DRR policy action.
Top‐Split‐Gate Ambipolar Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Yoo Hocheon , Lee Seon Baek , Lee Dong‐Kyu , Smits Edsger C. P. , Gelinck Gerwin H. , Cho Kilwon , Kim Jae‐Joon 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSplit‐gate ambipolar organic transistor technology is gaining interests as a practical solution for the implementation of complementary transistors. It is known that conventional ambipolar transistors suffer from poor DC gain, noise margin, and high power consumption, as they do not have a well‐defined off‐state region. A split‐gate device structure enables ambipolar transistors operating in a controlled unipolar mode (both p‐type and n‐type), resulting in superior inverter characteristics. A key challenge in previously reported split‐gate ambipolar organic thin‐film transistors is the strong current–voltage instabilities due to charge trapping at the dielectric interface. Here, the first split‐gate ambipolar organic transistors with top‐gate/bottom‐contact structure are demonstrated. Compared to the previous split‐gate devices, the top‐split‐gate ambipolar organic transistor exhibits superior electrical properties. The proposed device shows hysteresis‐free I–V characteristics as well as higher bias stress stability. Furthermore, the complementary inverter circuit using the proposed transistors is also demonstrated, which results in a higher output swing and DC gain compared to the baseline ambipolar inverter.
Covalent Functionalization of Black Phosphorus with Conjugated Polymer for Information Storage
Authors: Cao Yaming , Tian Xiangyu , Gu Junwei , Liu Bo , Zhang Bin , Song Sannian , Fan Fei , Chen Yu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMajor disadvantages of black phosphorus (BP) are its poor air‐stability and poor solubility in common organic solvents. The best way to solve this problem is to incorporate BP into a polymer backbone or a polymer matrix to form novel functional materials that can provide both challenges and opportunities for new innovation in optoelectronic and photonic applications. As a proof‐of concept application, we synthesized in situ the first highly soluble conjugated polymer‐covalently functionalized BP derivative (PDDF‐g‐BP) which was used to fabricate a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device with a configuration of Au/PDDF‐g‐BP/ITO. In contrast to PDDF without memory effect, PDDF‐g‐BP‐based device exhibits a nonvolatile rewritable memory performance, with a turn‐on and turn‐off voltages of +1.95 V and −2.34 V, and an ON/OFF current ratio of 104. The current through the device in both the ON and OFF states is still kept unchanged even at 200th switching cycle. The PDDF/BP blends show a very unstable memory performance with a very small ON/OFF current ratio.
The Fourth Alloying Mode by Way of Anti‐Galvanic Reaction
Authors: Zhu Min , Wang Pu , Yan Nan , Chai Xiaoqi , He Lizhong , Zhao Yan , Xia Nan , Yao Chuanhao , Li Jin , Deng Haiteng , Zhu Yan , Pei Yong , Wu Zhikun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAnti‐galvanic reaction (AGR) not only defies classic galvanic theory but is a promising method for tuning the compositions, structures, and properties of noble‐metal nanoparticles. Employing AGR for the preparation of alloy nanoparticles has recently received great interest. Herein, we report an unprecedented alloying mode by way of AGR, in which foreign atoms induce structural transformation of the mother nanoparticles and enter the nanoparticles in a non‐replacement fashion. A novel, active‐metal‐doped, gold nanoparticle was synthesized by this alloying mode, and its structure resolved. A CdSH motif was found in the protecting staples of the bimetal nanoparticle. DFT calculations revealed that the Au20Cd4(SH)(SR)19 nanoparticle is a 8e superatom cluster. Furthermore, although the Cd‐doping does not essentially alter the absorption spectrum of the mother nanocluster, it distinctly enhances the stability and catalytic selectivity of the mother nanoclusters.
Neueinschätzung der Erdbebengefährdung Deutschlands – Version 2016 – für DIN EN 1998‐1/NA
Authors: Grünthal Gottfried , Stromeyer Dietrich , Bosse Christian , Cotton Fabrice , Bindi Dino 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDie grundlegenden seismischen Lastannahmen für den neuen Nationalen Anhang DIN EN 1998‐1/NA resultieren aus der vom Deutschen Institut für Bautechnik geförderten Neueinschätzung der Erdbebengefährdung Deutschlands. Sie gründet sich auf eine umfassende Einbeziehung aller zu berücksichtigenden Unsicherheiten in Eingangsmodellen und ‐parametern und die Bereitstellung eines rationalen transparenten Rahmens zu deren Umsetzung. Das Vorgehen ermöglicht die solide und robuste Berechnung sowohl von Mittelwerten als auch jeglicher Quantile von geforderten Parametrisierungen seismischer Lastannahmen. Wesentliche Verbesserungen des Gefährdungsmodells beruhen auf aktualisierten und erweiterten Datenbeständen, umfassenden Unsicherheitsbereichen von Modellen, stabilen Methoden und ausgewählten Bodenbewegungsmodellen jüngster Generation. Die berechneten Gefährdungsparameter entsprechen den nutzerbezogenen Anforderungen und wurden für Felsuntergrund (vS30 = 800 m/s) und mittlere Wiederholungsperioden von 475, 975 und 2 475 a berechnet und in Form von gefährdungskonsistenten Antwortspektren, seismischen Gefährdungskarten für spektrale Antwortbeschleunigungen und für makroseismische Intensitäten standardmäßig als Mittelwerte, Mediane und 84 %‐Quantile bereitgestellt. Die resultierenden Unsicherheiten der Gefährdungsparameter werden analysiert und die Stabilität der Gefährdungskarten bezüglich früherer Versionen sowie ihre Kompatibilität zu Gefährdungseinschätzungen von Nachbarstaaten diskutiert.
Dinitrosyl iron complexes: Formation and antiradical action in heart mitochondria
Authors: Shumaev Konstantin B. , Dudylina Arina L. , Ivanova Marina V. , Pugachenko Igor S. , Ruuge Enno K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMitochondria are widely known as a major source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species for the cardiovascular system. Numerous studies established that superoxide anion radical production by heart mitochondria is only slightly suppressed under conditions of deep hypoxia, but is completely blocked under anoxia. It was found also that dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) compare favourably with other physiologically active derivatives of nitric oxide (NO). DNIC with glutathione effectively scavenge superoxide radicals generated by mitochondria at different partial pressures of oxygen. Under conditions of simulated hypoxia, the synthesis of thiol‐containing DNIC takes place in mitochondria and is concomitant with a significant decrease in the concentration of NO metabolites at the reoxygenation step. Free NO required for DNIC synthesis is generated in the reaction of S‐nitrosothiols with superoxide or during single‐electron oxidation of the nitroxyl radical (HNO) by coenzyme Q. Plausible mechanisms of antiradical effects of DNIC and their protective role in oxidative stress induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation of myocardial tissues are considered. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):237–244, 2018
Does parental coaching affect children's false reports? Comparing verbal markers of deception
Authors: Talwar Victoria , Hubbard Kyle , Saykaly Christine , Lee Kang , Lindsay R.C.L. , Bala Nicholas 
Published: February 2018

The present study examined differences in children's true and false narratives as a function of parental coaching by comparing the verbal markers associated with deception. Children (N = 65, 4–7 years old) played the same game with an adult stranger over three consecutive days. Parents coached their children to falsely allege that they had played a second game and to generate details for the fabricated event. One week after the last play session, children were interviewed about their experiences. For children with the least amount of parental coaching, true and false reports could be distinguished by multiple verbal markers of deception (e.g., cognitive processes, temporal information, self‐references). The fabricated reports of children who spent more time being coaching by a parent resembled their truthful reports. These findings have implications for real‐world forensic contexts when children have been coached to make false allegations and fabricate information at the behest of a parent.
The five key “ingredients” for improving outcomes in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Eckman Peter 
Published: February 2018

Key Points

Cardiogenic shock in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMICS) carries high mortality.
A systematic, protocol‐driven, approach to AMICS may improve outcomes.
The 5 key “ingredients” for the managements of AMICS are: (a) early diagnosis; (b) hemodynamic assessment; (c) culprit‐only coronary revascularization; (d) judicious use of mechanic circulatory support; (e) expert in‐hospital treatment.
Mechanisms in Iodine Catalysis
Authors: Breugst Martin , von der Heiden Daniel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMolecular iodine has been used for more than 100 years as a remarkable catalyst for many organic transformations such as cycloadditions, Michael and aldol reactions, or esterifications. Different explanations for the origin of its catalytic effect have been proposed in the last decades including a “hidden” Brønsted acid catalysis by HI, a Lewis‐acid (or halogen‐bond) activation, or catalysis by an iodonium(I) species. Recently, iodine catalysis again gained more interest due to the latest developments in halogen‐bond catalysis. In this Minireview, we first summarize the experimental basis for the proposed modes of activation. Subsequently, we analyze typical iodine‐catalyzed reactions to gain more insights into the underlying reaction mechanisms.
New Control Over Silicone Synthesis using SiH Chemistry: The Piers–Rubinsztajn Reaction
Authors: Brook Michael A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere is a strong imperative to synthesize polymers with highly controlled structures and narrow property ranges. Silicone polymers do not lend themselves to this paradigm because acids or bases lead to siloxane equilibration and loss of structure. By contrast, elegant levels of control are possible when using the Piers–Rubinsztajn reaction and analogues, in which the hydrophobic, strong Lewis acid B(C6F5)3activates SiH groups, permitting the synthesis of precise siloxanes under mild conditions in high yield; siloxane decomposition processes are slow under these conditions. A broad range of oxygen nucleophiles including alkoxysilanes, silanols, phenols, and aryl alkyl ethers participate in the reaction to create elastomers, foams and green composites, for example, derived from lignin. In addition, the process permits the synthesis of monofunctional dendrons that can be assembled into larger entities including highly branched silicones and dendrimers either using the Piers–Rubinsztajn process alone, or in combination with hydrosilylation or other orthogonal reactions.
Woody debris is related to reach‐scale hotspots of lowland stream ecosystem respiration under baseflow conditions
Authors: Blaen P.J. , Kurz M.J. , Drummond J.D. , Knapp J.L.A. , Mendoza‐Lera C. , Schmadel N.M. , Klaar M.J. , Jäger A. , Folegot S. , Lee‐Cullin J. , Ward A.S. , Zarnetske J.P. , Datry T. , Milner A.M. , Lewandowski J. , Hannah D.M. , Krause S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStream metabolism is a fundamental, integrative indicator of aquatic ecosystem functioning. However, it is not well understood how heterogeneity in physical channel form, particularly in relation to and caused by in‐stream woody debris, regulates stream metabolism in lowland streams. We combined conservative and reactive stream tracers to investigate relationships between patterns in stream channel morphology and hydrological transport (form) and metabolic processes as characterized by ecosystem respiration (function) in a forested lowland stream at baseflow. Stream reach‐scale ecosystem respiration was related to locations (“hotspots”) with a high abundance of woody debris. In contrast, nearly all other measured hydrological and geomorphic variables previously documented or hypothesized to influence stream metabolism did not significantly explain ecosystem respiration. Our results suggest the existence of key differences in physical controls on ecosystem respiration between lowland stream systems (this study) and smaller upland streams (most previous studies) under baseflow conditions. As such, these findings have implications for reactive transport models that predict biogeochemical transformation rates from hydraulic transport parameters, for upscaling frameworks that represent biological stream processes at larger network scales, and for the effective management and restoration of aquatic ecosystems.
Effects of elevated CO2, increased nitrogen deposition, and plant diversity on aboveground litter and root decomposition
Authors: Zuo Xiaoan , Knops Johannes M. H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGlobal change‐induced litter decomposition strongly affects the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in grassland ecosystems. However, few studies show the interactive effects of global change factors on litter and root decomposition. We conducted a four‐year grassland field experiment to examine the quality and decomposition of litter and root in a three‐factorial experiment with elevated CO2, increased N deposition, and plant species richness. We found that elevated CO2 decreased the litter N content and root lignin content. N addition increased the root N content and decreased the litter lignin content. Increasing plant richness decreased the N and lignin contents in litter and root. In contrast to the quality changes, elevated CO2 had no effect on decomposition of litter and root. N addition increased the C loss of the litter by 4.8%, but did not affect C and N loss in root. Increasing plant richness affected the C and N loss in litter and root. ANCOVAs showed that tissue quality and root biomass affected the C and N loss in litter and root, and soil C and N affected the N loss of litter and root. However, changes in tissue quality, biomass, and soil as covariates did not significantly change the effects of CO2, N, and plant richness on decomposition. The structural equation model showed that elevated CO2 indirectly decreased litter N loss and increased root N loss, while N addition indirectly increased the C and N loss in litter and root, via their effects on tissue quality. Increasing plant richness increased litter C and N loss, but indirectly decreased root C and N loss. N deposition can accelerate litter and root decomposition, thus modifying the limitation of elevated CO2 on soil N availability. Biodiversity loss greatly alters litter and root decomposition, potentially driving any changes in C and N cycling. Our study clearly demonstrates a relative certainty of a predicted increase in the C loss and N release in litter and root decomposition with increased N deposition, whereas the effects of elevated CO2 and plant diversity changes on decomposition strongly differ between litter and root in grassland ecosystems.