bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of a Novel Biomimetic Spine Model in Surgical Education: Case Series of Three Cervicothoracic Kyphotic Deformities
Authors: Bohl Michael A. , McBryan Sarah , Kakarla U. Kumar , Leveque Jean-Christophe , Sethi Rajiv 
Published: July 2019

Study Design: Evaluation of new technology. Objectives: To evaluate the utility of a novel biomimetic spine model as a surgical planning and education resource in the treatment of cervical spine deformities (CSD). Methods: Three patients with CSD were identified and synthetic spine models were manufactured to match the anatomical and biomechanical properties of each patient. Each model underwent 3 phases of surgical correction: maximum correction with no osteotomies performed, with posterior column osteotomies (PCOs) only, and with PCOs and a 3-column osteotomy (3CO). Lateral fluoroscopic films were obtained after each phase of correction for measurement of cervical lordosis. Surgeons were surveyed to obtain subjective feedback on the perceived model utility. Results: Each model began with a kyphotic deformity that was mobile, rigid, or fixed. The mobile model achieved successive lordotic correction with each phase of correction. The rigid and fixed models achieved much less correction with no osteotomies and PCOs only, and the majority of correction with 3COs. Each model predicted with varying, but overall high, accuracy the amount of correction achieved in each patient. The surgeons felt the model had very high utility as a surgical education platform. Conclusions: The models appeared to accurately replicate the gross anatomy and biomechanical performance of the patients’ spines. This high fidelity to the individual patient’s anatomy, bone quality, and segmental mobility resulted in a custom model that provides an invaluable learning platform for surgical education. These results suggest the models may have utility in surgical planning, but further studies are needed.
Screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Weatherald Jason , Montani David , Jevnikar Mitja , Jaïs Xavier , Savale Laurent , Humbert Marc 
Published: July 2019

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a dreaded complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) that occurs in ∼10% of patients. Most individuals present with severe symptoms, significant functional impairment and severe haemodynamics at diagnosis, and survival after PAH diagnosis is poor. Therefore, early diagnosis through systematic screening of asymptomatic patients has the potential to identify PAH at an early stage. Current evidence suggests that early diagnosis and treatment of PAH in patients with SSc may lead to better clinical outcomes. Annual screening may include echocardiography, but this can miss some patients due to suboptimal visualisation or insufficient tricuspid regurgitation. Other options for screening include the DETECT algorithm or the use of a combination of pulmonary function testing (forced vital capacity/diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide ratio) and N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels. Symptomatic patients, those with an elevated tricuspid regurgitation velocity on echocardiogram with or without secondary echocardiographic features of PAH, and those who screen positive on the DETECT or other pulmonary function test algorithms should undergo right heart catheterisation. Exercise echocardiography or cardiopulmonary exercise testing, nailfold capillaroscopy and molecular biomarkers are promising but, as yet, unproven potential options. Future screening studies should employ systematic catheterisation to define the true predictive values for PAH.
Characterization of mass transport deposits using seismic attributes: Upper Leonard Formation, Permian Basin
Authors: Bhatnagar Paritosh , Verma Sumit , Bianco Ron 
Published: July 2019

The Permian Basin is a structurally complex sedimentary basin with an extensive history of tectonic deformation. As the basin evolved through time, sediments dispersed into the basin floor from surrounding carbonate platforms leading to various mass movements. One such mass movement is observed on a 3D seismic survey in the Upper Leonard interval (Lower Permian) of the Midland Basin that is characteristic of a mass transport deposit (MTD). The 350 ft thick MTD mapped in the study area is 5 mi wide, extends up to 14 mi basinward, and covers only the translational and compressional regime of the mass movement. A unique sedimentary feature, unlike those observed previously, is mapped and interpreted as gravity spreading. MTDs have been extensively studied in the Delaware Basin of Permian-aged strata; however, only a few works have been published on the geomorphological expression of MTDs using seismic and seismic attributes to delineate the shape, size, and anatomy of this subsurface feature. The MTD in the study area exhibits an array of features including slide, slump, basal shear surface, and MTD grooves. In cross section, the MTD is characterized as chaotic with semitransparent reflectors terminating laterally against a coherent package of seismic facies, or the lateral wall. Sobel filter-based coherence, structural curvature, dip magnitude, and dip azimuth attributes are used to map thrust faults within the discontinuous MTD. Kinematic evidence provided by the Upper Spraberry isopach suggests that this MTD was sourced north of the Midland Basin and deposited on the basin floor fairway. Slope strata are interpreted from well-log analysis showing MTD as a mixture of carbonates and siliciclastics with a moderate to high resistivity response.
Parliamentary Questions: Expressions of Opposition(s) within the European Parliament?
Authors: Kaniok Petr , Komínková Magda 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Parliamentary questions are a direct form of parliamentary scrutiny of other EU institutions and bodies, traditionally being an important tool for the opposition. This study examines how parliamentary questions are used in the European Parliament. We ascertain whether political groups representing opposition differ in their use of parliamentary questions from those who are represented in the European Commission. The article presents two main findings. First, such a difference does exist in all types of questions at the aggregated level. Groups not represented in the European Commission pose more questions than those who are represented. Secondly, it appears that the type of parliamentary question determines the groups’ behaviour. The article thus contributes to our understanding of how opposition functions in the European Parliament.
The Place of Objects and Things in the Age of Materiality
Authors: Brückner Martin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This essay reprises the status of objects in relation to critical conversations that favor things and thing studies over other methodologies of material culture studies. Recent discussions have dismissed objects as passive foils that lack in meaning. Glossing the factor of representation, however, these discussions have also glossed over a factor crucial in shaping the way in which the distinction between objects and things is made accessible in theory and practice. Two examples taken from eighteenth-century American literary culture, an anecdote by Benjamin Franklin and a sales ad published by the Pennsylvania Gazette, illustrate how in the process of representation objects become imbued with significance that reaches beyond mere signification and object classification. Once conceived as ‘material signs,’ objects become participants in cognitive environments in which seemingly meaningless symbols foster meaningful engagement with materiality.
Differential Expression of VGLUT2 in Mouse Mesopontine Cholinergic Neurons
Authors: Steinkellner Thomas , Yoo Ji Hoon , Hnasko Thomas S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) mediate the synaptic uptake of glutamate from the cytosol into synaptic vesicles and are considered unambiguous neurochemical markers of glutamate neurons. However, many neurons not classically thought of as glutamatergic also express a VGLUT and co-release glutamate. Using a genetic fate-mapping strategy we found that most cholinergic neurons in the mouse mesopontine tegmentum express VGLUT2 at some point during development, including the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg), laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, and parabigeminal nucleus (PBG), but not the oculomotor nucleus. In contrast, very few of these cholinergic neurons displayed evidence of vesicular GABA transporter expression. Using multiplex fluorescentin situhybridization, we determined that only PBG cholinergic neurons are also predominantly positive for VGLUT2 mRNA in the adult, with only small numbers of PPTg cholinergic neurons overlapping with VGLUT2 mRNA. Using Cre-dependent viral vectors we confirm thesein situhybridization data, and demonstrate projection patterns of cholinergic and glutamatergic populations. These results demonstrate that most mesopontine cholinergic neurons may transiently express VGLUT2, but that a large majority of PBG neurons retain VGLUT2 expression throughout adulthood, and support a growing body of literature indicating that distinct cholinergic populations have differing potential for GABA or glutamate co-release.
A ideoloxía no <i>Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (DRAG)</i>
Authors: Rodríguez Barcia Susana 
Published: July 2019

O obxectivo deste estudo é analizar a ideoloxía do Dicionario da Real Academia Galega(DRAG) tendo en conta o seu carácter lexitimador na sociedade, así coma a relevancia da súa presenza nos eidos da educación e da aquisición da lingua. En concreto, os resultados clasifícanse nos ámbitos da relixión, a política e os temas de xénero. Para acadar o fin exposto realizouse unha lectura exhaustiva do repertorio aloxado na páxina web da RAG, incluíndo as actualizacións máis recentes acometidas ao longo de 2018. Como resultado obtívose un corpus composto por 808 artigos lexicográficos, cuxa forma lematizada recóllese como apéndice para poder servir de guía en traballos complementarios posteriores. Os 808 artigos foron sometidos a análise lingüística desenvolvida con perspectiva crítica seguindo a metodoloxía da análise crítica do discurso lexicográfico (Autor 2012 e 2016b). Entre as conclusións fundamentais destaca a continua actualización da obra analizada, na que se constata unha preocupación pola busca de neutralidade nas definicións e un interese por ofrecer unha cosmovisión ampla, non reducida ás ideoloxías dominantes. Con todo, tamén é preciso sinalar que a análise revela un traballo intenso no futuro no relativo á adaptación deste dicionario a algunhas das medidas da linguaxe inclusiva que permitan maior visibilidade da muller, así como unha revisión da representación do catolicismo como relixión por defecto.
Real‐Time Imaging, Forecasting, and Management of Human‐Induced Seismicity at Preston New Road, Lancashire, England
Authors: Clarke Huw , Verdon James P. , Kettlety Tom , Baird Alan F. , Kendall J‐Michael 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTEarthquakes induced by subsurface fluid injection pose a significant issue across a range of industries. Debate continues as to the most effective methods to mitigate the resulting seismic hazard. Observations of induced seismicity indicate that the rate of seismicity scales with the injection volume and that events follow the Gutenberg–Richter distribution. These two inferences permit us to populate statistical models of the seismicity and extrapolate them to make forecasts of the expected event magnitudes as injection continues. Here, we describe a shale gas site where this approach was used in real time to make operational decisions during hydraulic fracturing operations.Microseismic observations revealed the intersection between hydraulic fracturing and a pre‐existing fault or fracture network that became seismically active. Although “red light” events, requiring a pause to the injection program, occurred on several occasions, the observed event magnitudes fell within expected levels based on the extrapolated statistical models, and the levels of seismicity remained within acceptable limits as defined by the regulator. To date, induced seismicity has typically been regulated using retroactive traffic light schemes. This study shows that the use of high‐quality microseismic observations to populate statistical models that forecast expected event magnitudes can provide a more effective approach.
Regional Distribution of Articular Cartilage Thickness in the Elbow Joint
Authors: Miyamura Satoshi , Sakai Takashi , Oka Kunihiro , Abe Shingo , Shigi Atsuo , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Shimada Shoichi , Mae Tatsuo , Sugamoto Kazuomi , Yoshikawa Hideki , Murase Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2019

Background:
During elbow procedures, reconstruction of the joint (including the articular cartilage) is important in order to restore elbow function; however, the regional distribution of elbow cartilage is not completely understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the 3-dimensional (3-D) distribution patterns of cartilage thickness of elbow bones (including the distal part of the humerus, proximal part of the ulna, and radial head) in order to elucidate the morphological relationship among them.

Methods:
Two 3-D surface models were created with use of a laser scanner: (1) a cartilage-bone model based on 20 elderly cadaveric elbows exhibiting normal cartilaginous conditions and (2) a bone model that was created after dissolving the cartilage. The 2 models were superimposed, and cartilage thickness was measured as the interval distance on the articular surface. Measurements were made at categorized anatomical points of the individual bones, and 3-D distributions on the entire articular surface were analyzed. The spatial relationship among individual bones was also assessed.

Results:
In the distal part of the humerus, the cartilage was thickest in the intermediate region between the capitellum and the trochlea (mean [and standard deviation], 1.27 ± 0.17 mm); in the proximal part of the ulna, it was thickest at the anterolateral edge of the coronoid (2.20 ± 0.39 mm) and the anteroproximal edge of the proximal sigmoid notch (2.49 ± 0.55 mm); and in the radial head, it was thickest at the articular zone on the rim circumference within the dish (1.10 ± 0.17 mm) and on the proximal circumference around the side (1.02 ± 0.17 mm) (p < 0.001 for all). These thicker cartilage regions gathered on the joint center, facing each other.

Conclusions:
The present study demonstrated regional variations in elbow cartilage thickness. The combined findings in individual bones showed “cartilage gathering” at the center of the elbow joint, which we believe to be a novel anatomical finding.

Clinical Relevance:
An enhanced understanding of elbow cartilage geometry will provide additional insights into elbow procedures in elderly individuals, such as hemiarthroplasties, in which anatomical contours could help to restore normal joint function and improve postoperative outcomes.
Optimising Candidate Well Selection for Matrix Stimulation-IPR Approach
Authors: Amarfio E. M. , Adusu P. T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The selection of appropriate candidate wells for a stimulation operation is the most vital step for the economic success of the process. The selection criteria include assessing the well damage and choosing the appropriate approach to stimulate it. Most selection approaches consider the effects of damage and their corresponding treatment methods neglecting the economic influence of the process. This research, therefore, presents a detailed approach to candidate well selection for matrix stimulation using Vogel’s Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) curve analysis. A non-linear mathematical optimisation model was developed in Microsoft Excel using this analysis. This model requires certain input parameters for each well in order to generate results which could be analysed for the right decision. To validate the model, data from four wells on the Nero Field were used as input parameters. The results show that Well N3 has the highest total post-stimulation production of 12 833 886 barrels of oil and therefore should be considered for the stimulation operation. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted on Well N3 to see the performance of the well when certain independent variables such as price of oil, discount rate, and stimulation time are varied. The results show that the post-stimulation well performance is positively influenced by oil price, increasing as the oil price increase. The post-stimulation well performance, however, show a negative influence from both the discount rate and stimulation time, decreasing as those two parameters increase
Utilizing Surface Parameters in Determining Periodic Chemical Injection Treatment Intervals for Aged Water Disposal Wells
Authors: Onwuemene Onyeka Chiazor , Deele Happiness , Numbere Otokini 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Following the last couple of years marked by a drop-in oil price, there has been a requirement to optimize costs for operating and maintaining existing and ageing facilities and equipment and Water disposal wells are no exception.
Case study considered onshore wells which were initially completed as oil producing wells in the mid-1970s to early 1980s and in their later life converted for water disposal after the Ultimate Recovery (UR) of the associated reservoirs had been reached and produced water injectivity for wells positively ascertained.
The need to initiate this method of produced water management was to ensure its proper and efficient disposal in line with best practices, government regulations and associated cost efficiencies.
As these wells stay long in service, they witness several impairments that affect their injectivity. These impairments amongst others include oil slippages, suspended solids, fine sand, corrosion products, microbial activity and carbonate scale particles. These in turn create blockage around perforations which reduce the effective path area for movement of water molecules into subject reservoirs.
One of the key actions in maintaining ‘old’ water injection wells is periodic chemical treatment to ensure optimal injectivity. Chemical treatments maybe conducted routinely as a preventive and corrective maintenance activity.
As a view to optimising costs we looked to change this to a "Just-in-time" treatment philosophy to manage its overall impact on operating costs and schedule for execution. A surveillance program was developed for older water injection wells which do not have sophisticated sub surface gauges, by relying on surface parameters and associated equipment condition monitoring to schedule chemical treatments for the water injection wells. Some of the surface parameters that was utilized are Water Injection Pump Discharge Pressures, Injection Tubing Head Pressure (ITHP), Injection Flow Line Pressure (IFLP).
Following analysis, an empirical system has been developed that enables the prediction for chemical injection treatment without the need to conduct sub-surface investigations using Coil Tubing equipment.
This paper discusses a simple, cost effective and easy to use methodology which can be adopted as a first step towards ensuring the adequacy of water injection surveillance program.
Lignin As a Potential Additive For Minimizing Surfactant Adsorption On Clay Minerals In Different Electrolyte Concentration
Authors: Tumba Jibril , Agi Augustine , Gbadamosi Afeez , Junin Radzuan , Abbas Azza , Rajaei Kourosh , Gbonhinbor Jeffrey 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The use of surfactants in chemical enhanced oil recovery can recover more oil trapped in the reservoir. However, the loss of surfactant due to adsorption on porous media renders the process ineffective and economically unfeasible. In this study, the adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 4-octylphenol polyethoxylated (TX-100) on different clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite and quartz) as a function of the surfactant concentration, pH and salinity has been investigated. Besides, the use of lignin alkali as a sacrificial agent to reduce adsorption of surfactants in the reservoir is proposed. Surfactant adsorption on the different minerals was determined using the surface tension technique and batch equilibrium adsorption process with lignin as sacrificial agent. The experiment was conducted at varying pH and electrolyte concentrations. Furthermore, oil displacement test was conducted in a sandpack to determine the amount of oil recovered by the surfactant before and after pre-flush with lignin alkaline. Experimental result reveals that SDS adsorbed more on kaolinite while, TX-100 on montmorillonite. The decrease in pH increased the adsorption of SDS on kaolinite and illite, meanwhile, the adsorption of TX-100 on montmorillonite increased significantly at low pH. The optimum salinity concentration for both surfactants was at 20,000ppm for all the minerals except for kaolinite which was at 30,000ppm. Lignin alkaline reduced the surfactant adsorption by 50% and 53.2% for SDS and TX-100 respectively. Oil displacement test with SDS and TX-100 surfactants after water flooding had additional recovery of 7.44% and 4.18% respectively while, after pre-flush the recovery increased by 2.2%.
Using Reservoir Navigation Service and Formation Pressure Testing to Meet Drilling Objectives in Offshore Niger Delta
Authors: Imomoh Victor , Ndokwu Chidi , Amadi Kenneth , Toyobo Oluwaseun , Nwabueze Ikechukwu , Okowi Victor , Ajao Oyekunle , Okeke Genevieve , Dada Yemi , Jumbo Sandison , Aina Soji 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Oil and gas drilling has fully embraced the practice of drilling horizontal and extended-reach wells in place of deviated wells to avoid multi-platform drilling and increase hydrocarbon recovery. However, the producer is still faced with multiple challenges that include lateral facies change, lateral variation in reservoir properties and structural uncertainties. Consequently, it is paramount that continuous advancement is achieved in combining fit-for-purpose, real-time logging-while-drilling (LWD) solutions to assist further in the enhancement of hydrocarbon recovery.
Reservoir navigation services (RNS) involve predicting the geology ahead of the bit to place the wellbore correctly in the zone of interest in a horizontal or near-horizontal path. LWD data, obtained from downhole drilling suites, transmitted in real time through mud pulses to a surface computer where the data are interpreted and used to steer the well in the desired direction. Formation pressure while drilling (FPWD) is a process of acquiring reservoir pressures downhole and this is done with a specialized downhole LWD pressure-testing tool. The use of RNS in Well-MX played a significant role in the drilling project – landing Well-MX in the targeted M reservoir bed and drilling the lateral section. The major geosteering technologies used are the at-bit resistivity and azimuthal propagation resistivity, which provides geostopping capability, reservoir bed boundary mapping and accurate distance to bed boundary calculation. These technologies helped in keeping the wellbore within the hydrocarborn unit of the M reservoir. Performing formation pressure testing in realtime, the team was able to carry out a reservoir gradient analysis which helped with reservoir fluid identification, fluid contact determination, and connectivity of hydrocarbon zones before drilling was concluded.
Well-MX is a horizontal well located in the Mirum field of the Niger Delta Basin, offshore Nigeria. The well was drilled to target the deep multi-lobed M reservoir to a total hole depth of 11,307ft MD. By using Well-MX as a case study, this paper discusses how the combination of reservoir navigation service and real-time formation pressure sampling helped meet drilling objectives for this well. Some of the challenges encountered includes vertical seismic interpretation uncertainty, poor reservoir quality along the drain hole section, change in depth of oil to water contact and undulating bed boundaries. Other challenges and decisions taken to successfully geosteer the well will be reviewed in this paper.