bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATCA 16 cm observation of CIZA J1358.9−4750: Implication of merger stage and constraint on non-thermal properties
Authors: Akahori Takuya , Kato Yuichi , Nakazawa Kazuhiro , Ozawa Takeaki , Gu Liyi , Takizawa Motokazu , Fujita Yutaka , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Okabe Nobuhiro , Makishima Kazuo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We report the Australia Telescope Compact Array 16 cm observation of CIZA J1358.9−4750. Recent X-ray studies imply that this galaxy cluster is composed of merging, binary clusters. Using the EW367 configuration, we found no significant diffuse radio emission in and around the cluster. An upper limit of the total radio power at 1.4 GHz is ∼1.1 × 1022 W Hz−1 in 30 square arcminutes, which is a typical size for radio relics. It is known that an empirical relation holds between the total radio power and X-ray luminosity of the host cluster. The upper limit is about one order of magnitude lower than the power expected from the relation. Very young (∼70 Myr) shocks with low Mach numbers (∼1.3), which are often seen at an early stage of merger simulations, are suggested by the previous X-ray observation. The shocks may generate cosmic-ray electrons with a steep energy spectrum, which is consistent with non-detection of bright (&gt;1023 W Hz−1) relic in this 16 cm band observation. Based on the assumption of energy equipartition, the upper limit gives a magnetic field strength of below 0.68f(Dlos/1 Mpc)−1(γmin/200)−1 μG, where f is the cosmic-ray total energy density over the cosmic-ray electron energy density, Dlos is the depth of the shock wave along the sightline, and γmin is the lower cutoff Lorentz factor of the cosmic-ray electron energy spectrum.
Mumps
Authors: Balbi Alanna M. , Van Sant Amanda A. , Bean Eric W. , Jacoby Jeanne L. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Mumps is a systemic viral illness, preventable by vaccination, that typically affects children and is characterized by unilateral or bilateral swelling of the parotid glands. Uncommon complications such as orchitis, oophoritis, deafness, pancreatitis, aseptic meningitis, and encephalitis occur more often in adults. Recent outbreaks of the disease appear to be caused by a failure to maintain herd immunity in certain populations, particularly in affluent white communities. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and potential complications in patients with mumps.
Strategic foresight, leadership, and the future of rural healthcare staffing in the United States
Authors: Reimers-Hild Connie 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
This article uses a strategic foresight tool, megatrends, to examine forces influencing long-term healthcare staffing in the rural United States. Two megatrends—exponential advances in science and technology and the continued evolution of the decentralized global marketplace—will influence and ultimately help shape the future of rural healthcare. Successful health ecosystems of the future will need to be customer-driven, more affordable, and tech-savvy. Successful evolution in an era of continuous change will require a blend of intentional engagement with stakeholders, strategic foresight, and future-focused leadership. More research is needed to fully understand not only the challenges of rural healthcare but also the emerging opportunities.
Occupational and Ergonomic Factors Associated With Low Back Pain Among Car-patrol Police Officers
Authors: Benyamina Douma Nabiha , Côté Charles , Lacasse Anaïs 
Published: April 2018

Objectives:
Low back pain (LBP) is frequent and burdensome among police officers, but occupational and ergonomic factors associated with LBP and its chronic symptoms have never been studied among these workers using a biopsychosocial model. This study aimed at exploring such factors associated with acute or subacute LBP and chronic low back pain (CLBP) among car-patrol police officers.

Methods:
A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among car-patrol officers working in the province of Quebec (Canada). Factors associated with acute or subacute LBP and CLBP (as opposed to absence of LBP) were studied using a multivariate multinomial regression model.

Results:
A total of 2208 car-patrol officers composed the study population. Statistically significant occupational/ergonomic determinant for higher prevalence of acute or subacute LBP was more frequent discomfort in the lower back when sitting in the patrol car as a driver (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.008; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.170-4.168). More frequent posttraumatic interventions was associated with lower prevalence of acute or subacute LBP (adjusted OR, 0.609; 95% CI, 0.410-0.907). Occupational and ergonomic factors associated with higher prevalence of CLBP were greater seniority (adjusted OR, 1.061; 95% CI, 1.007-1.118) and more frequent discomfort in the lower back when sitting in the patrol car as a driver (adjusted OR, 7.546; 95% CI, 5.257-10.831).

Discussion:
Few occupational and ergonomic factors that police organizations could use to better tailor prevention were found to be associated with acute or subacute LBP and CLBP. This cross-sectional study is an efficient first investigation for screening hypotheses that should be confirmed in further cohort studies.
Comparison of Anterior Suprascapular, Supraclavicular, and Interscalene Nerve Block Approaches for Major Outpatient Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Auyong David B. , Hanson Neil A. , Joseph Raymond S. , Schmidt Brian E. , Slee April E. , Yuan Stanley C. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
The interscalene nerve block provides analgesia for shoulder surgery, but is associated with diaphragm paralysis. One solution may be performing brachial plexus blocks more distally. This noninferiority study evaluated analgesia for blocks at the supraclavicular and anterior suprascapular levels, comparing them individually to the interscalene approach.

Methods
One hundred-eighty-nine subjects undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery were recruited to this double-blind trial and randomized to interscalene, supraclavicular, or anterior suprascapular block using 15 ml, 0.5% ropivacaine. The primary outcome was numeric rating scale pain scores analyzed using noninferiority testing. The predefined noninferiority margin was one point on the 11-point pain scale. Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption and pulmonary assessments.

Results
All subjects completed the study through the primary outcome analysis. Mean pain after surgery was: interscalene = 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3 to 2.5), supraclavicular = 2.3 (1.7 to 2.9), suprascapular = 2.0 (1.4 to 2.6). The primary outcome, mean pain score difference of supraclavicular–interscalene was 0.4 (–0.4 to 1.2; P = 0.088 for noninferiority) and of suprascapular–interscalene was 0.1 (–0.7 to 0.9; P = 0.012 for noninferiority). Secondary outcomes showed similar opioid consumption with better preservation of vital capacity in the anterior suprascapular group (90% baseline [P < 0.001]) and the supraclavicular group (76% [P = 0.002]) when compared to the interscalene group (67%).

Conclusions
The anterior suprascapular block, but not the supraclavicular, provides noninferior analgesia compared to the interscalene approach for major arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Pulmonary function is best preserved with the anterior suprascapular nerve block.
Muramyl Dipeptide Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Through the NOD2/COX-2/NOX4 Signaling Pathway in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Kong Ling-Jun , Liu Xiao-Qian , Xue Ying , Gao Wei , Lv Qian-Zhou 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:
Vascular endothelium dysfunction caused by oxidative stress accelerates the pathologic process of cardiovascular diseases. NOD2, an essential receptor of innate immune system, has been demonstrated to play a critical role in atherosclerosis. Here, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on NOX4-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining was to measure the intracellular ROS level and showed MDP-promoted ROS production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The mRNA and protein levels of NOX4 and COX-2 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence NOD2 or COX-2 gene expression and investigate the mechanism of NOD2-mediated signaling pathway in HUVECs. Data showed that MDP induced NOX4 and COX-2 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. NOD2 knock-down suppressed upregulation of COX-2 and NOX4 in HUVECs treated with MDP. Furthermore, silence of COX-2 in HUVECs downregulated the NOX4 expression after MDP stimulation. Collectively, we indicated that NOD2 played a leading role in MDP-induced COX-2/NOX4/ROS signaling pathway in HUVECs, which was a novel regulatory mechanism in the progress of ROS generation.
Measuring Endothelial Cell Loss on DMEK Grafts After Transplantation in Human Cadaveric Whole Eyes: Description of the Technique and Pilot Study
Authors: Tran Khoa D. , Alabi Rolake O. , Odell Kelly , Dye Philip K. , Downes Kenneth , Sales Christopher S. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:To describe a novel method for analyzing Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) graft damage after implantation into human cadaveric donor eyes and to compare results achieved by performing DMEK with a surgeon's long-established technique compared with those of an unfamiliar technique.Methods:Eight DMEK grafts were implanted into previously frozen human cadaveric eyes. Four grafts were implanted using a Straiko injector and tap technique familiar to the surgeon (C.S.S., 3-yr experience), and 4 grafts were implanted using the Tan EndoGlide and “donor mat device” pull-through technique new to the surgeon. After implanting a DMEK graft and attaching it to the recipient stroma with an air bubble tamponade, the corneoscleral cap was “recovered” from the cadaveric globe using standard techniques. The DMEK graft was stained with Calcein-AM. After staining, a 9.5-mm stromal “carrier button” was punched, and the carrier and graft were transferred to a microscope slide. Grafts were imaged and analyzed using FIJI trainable segmentation.Results:Donor graft characteristics were similar between both groups. Grafts implanted using the surgeon's routine technique showed an average endothelial cell loss (ECL) of 31% ± 4% (n = 3). Grafts implanted using the technique unfamiliar to the surgeon showed an average ECL of 47% ± 24%, but with a trend toward improvement (1 = 76%, 2 = 65%, 3 = 32%, 4 = 17% ECL).Conclusions:Our proof-of-principle experiment shows that this imaging approach enables quantification of ECL caused by different instruments and surgical techniques after graft implantation. We have used this method to visualize the learning curve of 1 surgeon when learning a new surgical technique.
Cross-Sectional Investigation of Self-Reported Concussions and Reporting Behaviors in 866 Adolescent Rugby Union Players: Implications for Educational Strategies
Authors: Beakey Mark , Roe Mark , Tiernan Stephen , Keenan Brian , Collins Kieran 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
To examine the self-recalled concussion and bell ringer (BR) prevalence, reporting rates, and reporting behaviors in adolescent rugby players.

Design:
Cross-sectional survey.

Setting:
School classroom.

Participants:
Adolescent male rugby players aged 12 to 18 years (n = 866).

Main Outcome Measures:
Concussion and BR prevalence, reporting rates, and reporting behaviors.

Results:
The sample reported a concussion and BR prevalence rate of 40% and 69.9%, respectively. Of these athletes with a history, 38.4% and 86.4% suffered recurrent concussions and BRs, respectively. The total reporting rates per 1000 suspected concussions and BRs were 474.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 415.4-534.3] and 238.7 (95% CI, 217.8-259.5), respectively. The athletes highlighted several barriers which hindered their truthful reporting of concussion, including “not thinking the injury is serious enough to report” (70%), “wanting to win the game” (38%), and “not wanting to miss future games or training” (48%).

Conclusions:
Educational interventions are an invaluable component within a socioecological framework aimed at improving the concussion reporting rates of adolescent athletes. The self-recalled prevalence, underreporting rates, and behaviors of the sample are alarming, which prompts the need to further explore their motivational beliefs behind their decision to underreport a potential concussion. The information obtained can be used to tailor personalized interventions for specific athlete samples.
Assessment of fluid responsiveness: recent advances
Authors: Monnet Xavier , Teboul Jean-Louis 
Published: April 2018

Purpose of review
In the field of prediction of fluid responsiveness, the most recent studies have focused on validating new tests, on clarifying the limitations of older ones, and better defining their modalities.

Recent findings
The limitations of pulse pressure/stroke volume variations are numerous, but recent efforts have been made to overcome these limitations, like in case of low tidal volume ventilation. Following pulse pressure/stroke volume variations, new tests have emerged which assess preload responsiveness by challenging cardiac preload through heart–lung interactions, like during recruitment manoeuvres and end-expiratory/inspiratory occlusions. Given the risk of fluid overload that is inherent to the ‘classical’ fluid challenge, a ‘mini’ fluid challenge, made of 100 ml of fluid only, has been developed and investigated in recent studies. The reliability of the passive leg raising test is now well established and the newest publications have mainly aimed at defining several noninvasive estimates of cardiac output that can be monitored to assess its effects.

Summary
Research in this field is still very active, such that several indices and tests of fluid responsiveness are now available. They may contribute to reduce excessive fluid balance by avoiding unnecessary fluid administration and, also, by ensuring safe fluid removal.
Near Real-time Surveillance for Consequences of Health Policies Using Sequential Analysis
Authors: Lu Christine Y. , Penfold Robert B. , Toh Sengwee , Sturtevant Jessica L. , Madden Jeanne M. , Simon Gregory , Ahmedani Brian K. , Clarke Gregory , Coleman Karen J. , Copeland Laurel A. , Daida Yihe G. , Davis Robert L. , Hunkeler Enid M. , Owen-Smith Ashli , Raebel Marsha A. , Rossom Rebecca , Soumerai Stephen B. , Kulldorff Martin 
Published: April 2018

Background:
New health policies may have intended and unintended consequences. Active surveillance of population-level data may provide initial signals of policy effects for further rigorous evaluation soon after policy implementation.

Objective:
This study evaluated the utility of sequential analysis for prospectively assessing signals of health policy impacts. As a policy example, we studied the consequences of the widely publicized Food and Drug Administration’s warnings cautioning that antidepressant use could increase suicidal risk in youth.

Method:
This was a retrospective, longitudinal study, modeling prospective surveillance, using the maximized sequential probability ratio test. We used historical data (2000–2010) from 11 health systems in the US Mental Health Research Network. The study cohort included adolescents (ages 10–17 y) and young adults (ages 18–29 y), who were targeted by the warnings, and adults (ages 30–64 y) as a comparison group. Outcome measures were observed and expected events of 2 possible unintended policy outcomes: psychotropic drug poisonings (as a proxy for suicide attempts) and completed suicides.

Results:
We detected statistically significant (P<0.05) signals of excess risk for suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults within 5–7 quarters of the warnings. The excess risk in psychotropic drug poisonings was consistent with results from a previous, more rigorous interrupted time series analysis but use of the maximized sequential probability ratio test method allows timely detection. While we also detected signals of increased risk of completed suicide in these younger age groups, on its own it should not be taken as conclusive evidence that the policy caused the signal. A statistical signal indicates the need for further scrutiny using rigorous quasi-experimental studies to investigate the possibility of a cause-and-effect relationship.

Conclusions:
This was a proof-of-concept study. Prospective, periodic evaluation of administrative health care data using sequential analysis can provide timely population-based signals of effects of health policies. This method may be useful to use as new policies are introduced.
Inpatient Care for the Cancer Survivor
Authors: Raj Vishwa S. , Pugh Terrence M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Cancer continues to evolve from a terminal diagnosis to a chronic medical condition. With improved survivorship rates, opportunities exist to deliver rehabilitation care throughout the oncology continuum. By definition, inpatient rehabilitation is generally considered postacute care and is provided either in inpatient rehabilitation facilities, in skilled nursing facilities, or in long-term care hospitals. Each institution is subject to specific regulations and legislation that help define appropriateness for admission based on diagnosis, medical necessity, and functional need. However, these criteria may present barriers to access care for the oncology survivor. As the healthcare landscape changes, and reimbursement structures shift from fee-for-service to those that emphasize effectiveness and efficiency in care, inpatient rehabilitation has a unique opportunity to improve value in terms of outcomes and cost. With the implementation of the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation Act, standardization of measures throughout postacute care may allow for a more consistent approach to delivery of inpatient rehabilitation care. Further work will be necessary to define the parameters by which oncology survivors should be gauged in this framework.
Experience of Using Shear Wave Elastography Imaging in Superficial Venous Insufficiency of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Durmaz Mehmet Sedat , Arslan Serdar , Baysal Ahmet Nihat , Durmaz Funda Gökgöz , Sivri Mesut , Cebeci Hakan , Tolu İsmet 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We investigated the effectiveness of shear wave elastography (SWE) in patients with lower extremity superficial venous insufficiency (VI). A total of 138 symptomatic patients, 51 asymptomatic volunteers, and a total of 359 lower extremities (257 symptomatic, 102 asymptomatic) were examined. All participants underwent Doppler ultrasound (US) evaluation to determine VI and SWE measurements performed by manually drawing vein wall and perivenous tissue with free region of interest at the great saphenous vein (GSV) and small saphenous vein (SSV). The GSV, SSV diameter, VI, and volume flow of reflux were compared with the SWE values. The SWE values of the symptomatic group for GSV and SSV were significantly higher than those of the asymptomatic control group regardless of whether VI was detected by Doppler US (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in SWE values for the symptomatic group who were diagnosed as having reflux in GSV and SSV (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation between increased GSV, SSV diameter, and SWE values was seen (P < 0.001). Venous insufficiency can be diagnosed with a 84.7% sensitivity and 84.2% specificity when 2655 m/s was designated as cutoff value, and with a 85.4% sensitivity and 84.2% specificity when 22,350 kPa was designated as the cutoff value in GSV. Venous insufficiency can be diagnosed with a 84.3% sensitivity and 82.4% specificity when 2845 m/s was designated as cutoff value, and with a 85.7% sensitivity and 84.4% specificity when 27,100 kPa was designated as the cutoff value in SSV. Shear wave elastography may be used effectively in addition to conventional Doppler US examination in diagnosing and following VI.
When institutional entrepreneurship failed
Authors: Major Maria , Conceição Ana , Clegg Stewart 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the role of power relations in initiating and blocking accounting change that involves increased “responsibilisation” and “incentivisation”, and to understand how institutional entrepreneurship is steered by power strategies.Design/methodology/approachAn in-depth case study was carried out between 2010 and 2015 in a cardiothoracic surgery service (CSS) where a responsibility centre was introduced.FindingsIntroducing a responsibility centre within a CSS led to a change process, despite pressures for stability. The institutionalisation of change was conditioned by entrepreneurship that flowed through three circuits of power. Strategies were adapted according to changes in exogenous environmental contingencies and alterations in the actors’ relationships.Originality/valueThe contributions of the paper are several: first, it demonstrates that the existing literature discussing the implementation of responsibility centres cannot be isolated from power issues; second, it expands understanding of the power dynamics and processes of institutional entrepreneurship when implementing accounting change; third, it shows how change introduced by exogenous political economic events structured organisational circuits of power and blocked the introduction of the change initiative.
Making space for choice, voice and critique: critical literacy workshop in the era of Trump
Authors: Land Charlotte L. , Taylor Laura A. , Lavender Haylee , McKinnon Barbara 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to consider how students and teachers engaged in political work in their design and enactment of critical literacy workshops in one US elementary school facing pressures of accountability and standardization.Design/methodology/approachAs a collaborative team of university researchers and classroom teachers, the authors used a qualitative, thematic approach to analyze data collected across a two-year, ethnographic case study.FindingsDrawing on Janks’ (2012) conceptualization ofp/Politics, this analysis identified three ways in which teachers approached their teaching politically: constructing flexible and broad definitions of readers and writers; blurring hierarchies between teachers, students and texts; and viewing literacy as a tool of power. In addition to elaborating on these themes, the findings illustrate how these political teaching practices supported students’ engagement with explicitlyPolitical topics.Originality/valueThe era of Trump and “fake news” calls for people to not only start discussions about important social issues but also be able to engage in these discussions diplomatically and critically – in other words, to not only respond to the world but also to reconstruct it (Luke, 2004) and to imagine it better (Greene, 1995). This study offers a timely examination of ways to reshape reading and writing workshops in more critical ways, helping to prepare students for participation in the civic, career and personal worlds within and beyond school.