bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Surgery: A 30‐Year Bibliometric Analysis (1987–2017)
Authors: Sgrò Alessandro , Al‐Busaidi Ibrahim S. , Wells Cameron I. , Vervoort Dominique , Venturini Sara , Farina Valeria , Figà Federica , Azkarate Francesc , Harrison Ewen M. , Pata Francesco 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere has been a growing interest in addressing the surgical disease burden in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Assessing the current state of global surgery research activity is an important step in identifying gaps in knowledge and directing research efforts towards important unaddressed issues. The aim of this bibliometric analysis was to identify trends in the publication of global surgical research over the last 30 years.MethodsScopus® was searched for global surgical publications (1987–2017). Results were hand‐screened, and data were collected for included articles. Bibliometric data were extracted from Scopus® and Journal Citation Reports. Country‐level economic and population data were obtained from the World Bank. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise data and identify significant trends.ResultsA total of 1623 articles were identified. The volume of scientific production on global surgery increased from 14 publications in 1987 to 149 in 2017. Similarly, the number of articles published open access increased from four in 1987 to 68 in 2017. Observational studies accounted for 88.7% of the included studies. The three most common specialties were obstetrics and gynaecology 260 (16.0%), general surgery 256 (15.8%), and paediatric surgery 196 (12.1%). Over two times as many authors were affiliated to an LMIC institution than to a high‐income country (HIC) institution (6628, 71.5% vs 2481, 28.5%, P < 0.001). A total of 965 studies (59.5%) were conducted entirely by LMIC authors, and 534 (32.9%) by collaborations between HICs and LMICs.ConclusionThe quantity of research in global surgery has substantially increased over the past 30 years. Authors from LMICs seemed the most proactive in addressing the global surgical disease burden. Increasing the funding for interventional studies, and therefore the quality of evidence in surgery, has the potential for greater impact for patients in LMICs.
The Importance of Nutrient Management for Potato Production Part II: Plant Nutrition and Tuber Quality
Authors: Naumann Marcel , Koch Mirjam , Thiel Heike , Gransee Andreas , Pawelzik Elke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe term ‘quality’ is a complex parameter in the field of potato production, and the desired quality traits depend on the intended use. Important internal quality traits for potatoes are tuber flesh discolouration, dry matter, and starch content. External quality traits include tuber size and shape as well as resistance against mechanical stress during and after harvest. These quality traits are closely interrelated and genetically controlled. It has been demonstrated that all these parameters are also linked to the nutrient status of the plant and/or the tubers. For instance, the susceptibility of tubers for discolouration of both fresh market and processed cultivars is closely related not only to the nutrient supply but also to post-harvest treatment. Besides, the potential to form carcinogenic compounds like acrylamide from precursors during the deep-frying of potato products and the accumulation of toxic substances like glycoalkaloids are important quality criteria in terms of food safety. The influence of the supply of nutrients on potato tuber quality depends initially on their physiological functions, but the ratio to other nutrient needs should also be taken into account.
The Importance of Nutrient Management for Potato Production Part I: Plant Nutrition and Yield
Authors: Koch Mirjam , Naumann Marcel , Pawelzik Elke , Gransee Andreas , Thiel Heike 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs part of a successful agronomic strategy, adequate nutrient management of the potato crop is essential throughout the whole growth period. In this review, the importance of balanced fertilisation for potato yield formation and yield security is addressed by taking advantage of the results of field trials and existing literature. The most important roles of the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulphur in the plant and their importance for yield formation in potato are reviewed. Fertilisation practices in potato production are discussed. Due to their various functions in plant metabolism, the impact of plant nutrients on potato yield is complex. Therefore, interactions with abiotic and biotic factors, for instance interactions between two different plant nutrients in the soil and the plant, are taken into account.
Limit theorems for some skew products with mixing base maps
Authors: HAFOUTA YEOR 
Published: August 2019

We obtain a central limit theorem, local limit theorems and renewal theorems for stationary processes generated by skew product maps$T(\unicode[STIX]{x1D714},x)=(\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\unicode[STIX]{x1D714},T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}x)$together with a$T$-invariant measure whose base map$\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$satisfies certain topological and mixing conditions and the maps$T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}$on the fibers are certain non-singular distance-expanding maps. Our results hold true when$\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$is either a sufficiently fast mixing Markov shift with positive transition densities or a (non-uniform) Young tower with at least one periodic point and polynomial tails. The proofs are based on the random complex Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius theorem from Hafouta and Kifer [Nonconventional Limit Theorems and Random Dynamics. World Scientific, Singapore, 2018] applied with appropriate random transfer operators generated by$T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}$, together with certain regularity assumptions (as functions of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}$) of these operators. Limit theorems for deterministic processes whose distributions on the fibers are generated by Markov chains with transition operators satisfying a random version of the Doeblin condition are also obtained. The main innovation in this paper is that the results hold true even though the spectral theory used in Aimino, Nicol and Vaienti [Annealed and quenched limit theorems for random expanding dynamical systems.Probab. Theory Related Fields162(2015), 233–274] does not seem to be applicable, and the dual of the Koopman operator of$T$(with respect to the invariant measure) does not seem to have a spectral gap.
Influence of measurement errors on networks: Estimating the robustness of centrality measures
Authors: Martin Christoph , Niemeyer Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMost network studies rely on a measured network that differs from the underlying network which is obfuscated by measurement errors. It is well known that such errors can have a severe impact on the reliability of network metrics, especially on centrality measures: a more central node in the observed network might be less central in the underlying network. Previous studies have dealt either with the general effects of measurement errors on centrality measures or with the treatment of erroneous network data. In this paper, we propose a method for estimating the impact of measurement errors on the reliability of a centrality measure, given the measured network and assumptions about the type and intensity of the measurement error. This method allows researchers to estimate the robustness of a centrality measure in a specific network and can, therefore, be used as a basis for decision-making. In our experiments, we apply this method to random graphs and real-world networks. We observe that our estimation is, in the vast majority of cases, a good approximation for the robustness of centrality measures. Beyond this, we propose a heuristic to decide whether the estimation procedure should be used. We analyze, for certain networks, why the eigenvector centrality is less robust than, among others, the pagerank. Finally, we give recommendations on how our findings can be applied to future network studies.
From Myths to Markets
Authors: Carter Elizabeth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article posits that institutionalized mythologies can create comparative production advantages. Myths shape collective identity, mobilize actors, and fundamentally reshape production dynamics. Myths are institutionalized in market rules, regulations and structures, leading to the reification of the myth. The myth functions as if it is true, not because it is true, but because it shapes the rules of production. Yet without the initial myth, specific production incentives—and even their institutional comparative advantages—would not exist. My theory integrates approaches from modernist historians (“imagined communities”) and economic sociologists (“imagined futures”) to explain how myths (“imagined histories”) shape contemporary market outcomes, using the example of the French wine market. This argument contributes to the historical institutionalist approach, which focuses on the historical power dynamics between competing groups and the present-day social and market consequence of their institutionalized solutions.
The association of maternal dietary folate intake and folic acid supplementation with small-for-gestational-age births: a cross-sectional study in Northwest China
Authors: Li Shanshan , Liu Danmeng , Zhang Ruo , Lei Fangliang , Liu Xin , Cheng Yue , Li Chao , Xiao Mengyao , Guo Leqian , Li Minmin , Zhang Binyan , Zhu Zhonghai , Shi Guoshuai , Liu Yezhou , Dang Shaonong , Yan Hong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effect of maternal folate intake on small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births remains inconclusive. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of maternal folate intake from diet and supplements with the risk of SGA births using data from a cross-sectional study in Shaanxi Province of Northwest China. A total of 7307 women who were within 12 months (median 3; 10th–90th percentile 0–7) after delivery were included. Two-level models were adopted to examine the associations of folate (dietary folate, supplemental folic acid and total folate) intake with the risk of SGA births and birth weight Z score, controlling for a minimum set of confounders that were identified in a directed acyclic graph. Results showed that a higher supplemental folic acid intake during the first trimester was negatively associated with the risk of SGA births (≤60 d v. non-use: OR 0·80; 95 % CI 0·66, 0·96; &gt;60 d v. non-use: OR 0·78; 95 % CI 0·65, 0·94; Ptrend = 0·010; per 10-d increase: OR 0·97; 95 % CI 0·95, 0·99). A higher total folate intake during pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SGA births (highest tertile v. lowest tertile: OR 0·77; 95 % CI 0·64, 0·94; Ptrend = 0·010; per one-unit increase in the log-transformed value: OR 0·81; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·95). A similar pattern was observed for the birth weight Z score. Our study suggested that folic acid supplementation during the first trimester and a higher total folate intake during pregnancy were associated with a reduced risk of SGA births.
Engaging Youths across the Education Divide: Is There a Role for Social Capital?
Authors: Tossutti Livianna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study draws on the 2013 General Social Survey to investigate whether social capital is positively associated with the political participation and engagement of 15- to 24-year-old Canadians. It also assesses whether social capital can help overcome the participation gap between youths with different educational qualifications. Trust in family was the only social tie that was positively associated with the turnout of eligible voters in federal and municipal elections. Associational involvements and generalized trust in strangers were more frequently related to informal political activism and an interest in politics. Online social connections were unrelated to any measure of participation and engagement. Some forms of social capital can help address the marginalization of youths from formal and informal politics, but tertiary education is most closely associated with voting.
Effects of stocking density during the dry period on dairy cow physiology, metabolism and behaviour
Authors: Fujiwara Mayumi , Haskell Marie , Macrae Alastair , Rutherford Kenny 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effects of high stocking density during the dry period on dairy cow physiology, behaviour and welfare were investigated. Holstein Friesian cows (n = 48, calving over a seven month period) were dried-off 60 ± 4 d before their expected calving date, and allocated to either high (H) or low (L) stocking density groups. Cows were housed in cubicles from dry-off to 21 d before calving and then moved to straw yards until calving. In cubicle pens, H and L cows had 0.5 vs. 1.0 feed yokes/cow and 1.0 vs. 1.5 cubicles/cow, respectively, and in straw yards, 0.3 m vs. 0.6 m linear feed-face space and 6 m2vs. 12 m2 lying space, respectively. Video observations of feeding behaviour during the 3 h after feed delivery (3 d/week) and agonistic interactions at the feed-face during peak feeding (2 d/week) were made. Daily lying proportion was measured using an accelerometer device throughout the dry period. Concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGCM) at dry-off, d7 and d35 after dry-off and d21 and d7 before calving and the change in energy metabolites (glucose, NEFA, BHB) from dry-off to d7 before calving were measured. H cows were less likely to start feeding within 5 min of feed delivery and spent less time feeding compared to L cows, but they engaged in displacements more frequently and spent more time standing in the feed alley. Irrespective of the treatment groups, FGCM concentrations significantly increased from dry-off to d7 after dry-off and remained higher during the dry period. Stocking density did not affect daily lying proportion, energy metabolites during the dry period and milk yield during subsequent lactation. This study found that whilst high stocking density during the dry period increased competition at the feed-face and altered feeding behaviour, it did not affect stress responses, energy metabolism or subsequent milk yield.
Spatio-temporal variation in rate of carbonate deposition by encrusting organisms in different reef microhabitats from Eastern Pacific coral reefs
Authors: Alvarado-Rodríguez J. F. , Nava H. , Carballo J. L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReef encrusting calcifiers (non-scleractinian species) constitute assemblages that participate in the carbon cycle at coral reefs. Despite their apparent secondary role in building the reef framework, they contribute to the reef consolidation binding sediments and inducing larval recruitment from other epilithic invertebrates. The contribution of encrusting calcifiers on reef accretion was examined by the assessment of their rate of carbonate deposition on four different simulated reef microhabitats using calcification accretion units (CAUs) during 12 months at Playa Las Gatas and Islote Zacatoso, two coral communities from the coast of the Mexican Pacific. Encrusting calcifiers from Playa Las Gatas, the most impacted site, showed a rate of carbonate deposition (mean ± SD) four times higher than at Islote Zacatoso (10.02 ± 3.22 g CaCO3m−2d−1vs2.48 ± 1.01 g CaCO3m−2d−1). Overall, the rate of carbonate deposition on surfaces protected from sedimentation and light was up to 1.8 times higher than on exposed ones (11.40 ± 4.35 g CaCO3m−2d−1vs6.18 ± 3.13 g CaCO3m−2d−1). Carbonate deposition by calcareous algae was higher on the well-lit exposed surfaces while filter-feeding invertebrates showed the major contribution on the shaded cryptic surfaces. Although rate of carbonate deposition by encrusting calcifiers seems to be lower than hermatypic corals, it seems to be relevant on coral reefs affected by anthropogenic impacts where coral calcification is low. Under global demise of coral reefs by environmental degradation and climate change, encrusting calcifiers may become relevant for the process of carbonate deposition.
Doctoring the Body and Exciting the Soul: Drugs and consumer culture in medieval and early modern Iran
Authors: KAZEMI RANIN 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article focuses on the development of early modern consumerism in a part of the Middle East that historians of consumer culture are yet to fully explore. Making use of a wide variety of unexplored and underexplored original sources, the article contends that early modern consumer culture in Iran was grounded deeply in the ever-widening patterns of exchange and use that had developed slowly over the course of the previous centuries. The discussion below takes the growing popular interest in a few key psychoactive substances as a useful barometer of the dynamics of mass consumption, and chronicles how the slow and ever-expanding use of alcohol, opium, and cannabis (or a cannabis-like product) in the medieval period led to the popularity of coffee, tobacco, older drugs, and still other commodities in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The aim here is to use the history of drug culture as an entry point to scrutinize the emergence of early modern consumerism among the elites and the non-elites in both urban and rural areas of the Middle East. In doing so, this article reconstructs the cultural and social history of recreational drugs prior to and during the early modern period, and elucidates the socio-economic context that helped bring about a ‘psychoactive revolution’ in the Safavid state (1501–1736).
Corporate governance and democratic accountability: local state-owned enterprises in Norway
Authors: Klausen Jan Erling , Winsvold Marte 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTransferring public service provision to state-owned enterprises (SOEs) raises concerns over accountability deficits. We argue that the governance of SOEs requires reconciliation of the accountability relations found in traditional models of public administration, and the normative structures of control and accountability developed in the world of private enterprises, commonly referred to as corporate governance. To this end, we propose a model for structuring accountability relations between SOEs and governmental owners. The model prescribes a distinction between the roles of elected representatives and top managers as “forums” for accountability concerning the governmental owner’s mission-related and non-mission-related preferences towards the SOE. The model’s relevance is tested empirically using data from a study of SOEs in Norway’s local government sector. The analysis indicates that accountability practices in line with the prescriptions of the model were associated with a heightened sense of control over the SOEs.
Grid Governance in China's Urban Middle-class Neighbourhoods
Authors: Tang Beibei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article examines the so-called “grid governance” scheme, a widely used grassroots governance strategy implemented in urban China in recent years. Drawing on data collected in multiple cities from 2011 to 2016, it analyses in what ways, and to what extent, the state employs the grid governance scheme to resolve neighbourhood conflicts and reinforce governance in Chinese urban middle-class neighbourhoods. The findings highlight complex interactions under the scheme among the residents, the state and market actors in neighbourhood governance, including the resident volunteers, residents’ social groups, residents’ committees and property management companies. By coopting middle-class resident volunteers, maximizing the existing political influence of the retired urban elites, and establishing Party organizations in middle-class residential communities, the grid governance scheme has become a major vehicle for resident mobilization and conflict resolution, and a key governance mechanism to reinforce the Party's leadership in middle-class neighbourhoods.
Do we know how scabies outbreaks in residential and nursing care homes for the elderly should be managed? A systematic review of interventions using a novel approach to assess evidence quality
Authors: Morrison E. J. , Middleton J. , Lanza S. , Cowen J. E. , Hewitt K. , Walker S. L. , Nicholls M. , Rajan-Iyer J. , Fletcher J. , Cassell J. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCurrently no national guidelines exist for the management of scabies outbreaks in residential or nursing care homes for the elderly in the United Kingdom. In this setting, diagnosis and treatment of scabies outbreaks is often delayed and optimal drug treatment, environmental control measures and even outcome measures are unclear. We undertook a systematic review to establish the efficacy of outbreak management interventions and determine evidence-based recommendations. Four electronic databases were searched for relevant studies, which were assessed using a quality assessment tool drawing on STROBE guidelines to describe the quality of observational data. Nineteen outbreak reports were identified, describing both drug treatment and environmental management measures. The quality of data was poor; none reported all outcome measures and only four described symptom relief measures. We were unable to make definitive evidence-based recommendations. We draw on the results to propose a framework for data collection in future observational studies of scabies outbreaks. While high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to determine optimal drug treatment, evidence on environmental measures will need augmentation through other literature studies. The quality assessment tool designed is a useful resource for reporting of outcome measures including patient-reported measures in future outbreaks.
Transition from intravenous treprostinil to enteral selexipag in an infant with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Koo Rachel , Lo Jennifer , Bock Matthew J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSelexipag is an enteral, selective prostacyclin IP receptor agonist approved for pulmonary hypertension in adults. There are few reports of its use in children and none in infants. We report the first transition of an infant (11.5 months, 8.6 kg) from intravenous treprostinil (40 ng/kg/minute) to enteral selexipag (400 mcg twice daily) with a good response and no adverse effects.
Sudden cardiac arrest in the field in an 18-year-old male athlete with Noonan syndrome: case presentation and 5-year follow-up
Authors: Petrin Ziva , Soffer Benjamin , Daniels Steven J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a case of sudden cardiac arrest in the field with complete neurological recovery in an 18-year-old athlete with phenotypic Noonan syndrome. Evaluation revealed interventricular septal thickness of 18 mm without left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and no other identifiable structural, electrophysiologic, or genetic abnormality except isolated heterozygous variant for desmoplakin DSP variant p.Lys2103Glu, with unknown clinical significance.