bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the human papillomavirus status on the development of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy at the baseline: A 9‐year Swedish nested case‐control follow‐up study
Authors: Fröberg Maria , Östensson Ellinor , Belkić Karen , Oštrbenk Anja , Poljak Mario , Mints Miriam , Arbyn Marc , Andersson Sonia 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe causal relation between high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer and its precursor lesions has led to the use of sensitive HPV molecular tests for screening. This study examined the impact of the baseline HPV status on the future risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) among women with cytology negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM).MethodsThis was a nested case‐control study including women with NILM baseline cytology participating in the Swedish cervical screening program in 2005‐2007. Ninety‐six cases of CIN2+ and 5 age‐matched controls per case were identified through the National Cervical Screening Registry by follow‐up through 2014. Baseline liquid‐based cytology samples were tested for HPV. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe risk of future high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was strongly associated with the baseline HPV status. For women younger than 30 years, HPV‐16/18 showed a significant association with future risk for CIN2+ (OR, 9.44; 95% CI, 3.37‐26.4). Other HPV types were not significantly associated with future CIN2+ in these younger women. For women 30 years old or older, both HPV‐16/18 and other HPV subtypes conferred a significant risk.ConclusionsThe presence of HPV‐16/18 among women with NILM cytology is associated with an elevated future risk of high‐grade CIN. HPV types other than HPV‐16/18 seem to have a greater impact on women 30 years old or older than younger women. Women with NILM cytology and HPV‐16/18 need specific follow‐up management within screening.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability Evaluation of Single and Multiple Doses of GSK3342830 in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Tenero David , Farinola Nicholas , Berkowitz Elchonon M. , Tiffany Courtney A. , Qian Yanwen , Xue Zhengyu , Raychaudhuri Aparna , Gardiner David F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis was a first‐time‐in‐human randomized, double‐blind, single‐center, placebo‐controlled dose‐escalation study to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of GSK3342830 after single and repeat intravenous doses in healthy adult subjects (NCT0271424). Sixty‐two subjects were enrolled: 48 subjects in part 1 (single dose) and 14 subjects in part 2 (multiple doses). Following single intravenous infusions, total systemic exposure of GSK3342830 was dose proportional over the 250‐ to 6000‐mg dose range evaluated, whereas peak exposure was approximately dose proportional over the dose range. Following repeat intravenous infusions 3 times a day, GSK3342830 showed time invariance with no drug accumulation. Steady state was reached before day 3, and approximately 90% of GSK3342830 was excreted unchanged in urine. All 48 subjects in part 1 (100.0%) completed the study. In part 2, 9 subjects (64.3%) completed the study, and 5 subjects, all receiving GSK3342830, discontinued early (35.7%), 4 after experiencing fever, headache, and malaise, whereas 1 subject met predefined criteria for drug discontinuation because of transaminitis. GSK3342830 demonstrated PK consistent with other cephalosporin‐class antibiotics but poor tolerability following multiple doses in healthy volunteers.
Meditation for treating adults with bipolar disorder II: A multi‐city study
Authors: Pandya Samta P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is a need to generate evidence on whether meditation's core aspect of building and nurturing calm and peace serves as a mood stabilizer for current and recurrent episodes of depression through the acute and maintenance phases of treating bipolar disorder II affected patients. A 2‐year longitudinal multi‐city randomized controlled trial experiment was conducted comprising 311 bipolar disorder II affected patients in the intervention and control group respectively across eight African and Asian cities. The Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS) was administered with the intervention and control groups that were equal at baseline. Meditation had a positive impact on the intervention group. Post intervention BDRS scores were significantly lower for patients from Asian cities, men, Hindus and Buddhists, middle class, and married patients as well as those who attended all the meditation rounds and regularly self‐practiced. Within the BDRS outcome measure, depressive symptoms were impacted the most as compared with mixed symptoms. Meditation helped alleviate guilt, depressed mood, and helplessness–hopelessness. The meditation programme can be used as a combination therapy along with pharmacological treatment to treat mood instability and depression among patients with bipolar disorder II.
GAGA protein is required for multiple aspects of Drosophila oogenesis and female fertility
Authors: Fedorova Elena V. , Dorogova Natalya V. , Bolobolova Elena U. , Fedorova Svetlana A. , Karagodin Dmitry A. , Ogienko Anna A. , Khruscheva Asja S. , Baricheva Elina M. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryInvestigation of Drosophila oogenesis provides the opportunity to understand conservative genetic mechanisms underlying fertile female gamete development. In this study, we showed that the Drosophila DNA‐binding protein GAGA factor (GAF) had a multifunctional role in oogenesis and it is involved in the regulation of this process genetic program. We studied the influence on Drosophila oogenesis of a number of mutations in the 5′ region of the Trl gene that encodes GAF. We found that our originally generated Trl mutations lead to a decrease in transcriptional gene activity and levels of GAF expression in both germline and follicular cells. Cytological (fluorescence and electron microscopy) analysis showed that GAF loss resulted in multiple oogenesis defects. Mutations affected the actin cytoskeleton, leading to decrease of cytoplasmic filaments in nurse cells and basal actin in follicular cells. GAF depletion also leads to abnormal follicular cells migration, both border and centripetal. In addition, mutant ovaries demonstrated abnormalities in germ cells, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, karyosome organization, yolk granule formation and selective transport. Loss of GAF also promoted excessive cell death and egg chamber degradation. In sum, these defects caused very high or full female sterility. Since one of the main GAF activities is regulation of transcription, the complex phenotypes of the Trl mutants might be the consequence of its multiple target genes misexpression.
Does metabolism constrain bird and mammal ranges and predict shifts in response to climate change?
Authors: Buckley Lauren B. , Khaliq Imran , Swanson David L. , Hof Christian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMechanistic approaches for predicting the ranges of endotherms are needed to forecast their responses to environmental change. We test whether physiological constraints on maximum metabolic rate and the factor by which endotherms can elevate their metabolism (metabolic expansibility) influence cold range limits for mammal and bird species. We examine metabolic expansibility at the cold range boundary (MECRB) and whether species’ traits can predict variability in MECRB and then use MECRB as an initial approach to project range shifts for 210 mammal and 61 bird species. We find evidence for metabolic constraints: the distributions of metabolic expansibility at the cold range boundary peak at similar values for birds (2.7) and mammals (3.2). The right skewed distributions suggest some species have adapted to elevate or evade metabolic constraints. Mammals exhibit greater skew than birds, consistent with their diverse thermoregulatory adaptations and behaviors. Mammal and bird species that are small and occupy low trophic levels exhibit high levels of MECRB. Mammals with high MECRB tend to hibernate or use torpor. Predicted metabolic rates at the cold range boundaries represent large energetic expenditures (>50% of maximum metabolic rates). We project species to shift their cold range boundaries poleward by an average of 3.9° latitude by 2070 if metabolic constraints remain constant. Our analysis suggests that metabolic constraints provide a viable mechanism for initial projections of the cold range boundaries for endotherms. However, errors and approximations in estimating metabolic constraints (e.g., acclimation responses) and evasion of these constraints (e.g., torpor/hibernation, microclimate selection) highlight the need for more detailed, taxa‐specific mechanistic models. Even coarse considerations of metabolism will likely lead to improved predictions over exclusively considering thermal tolerance for endotherms.
Nitrogen deposition and climate change effects on tree species composition and ecosystem services for a forest cohort
Authors: Van Houtven George , Phelan Jennifer , Clark Christopher , Sabo Robert D. , Buckley John , Thomas R. Quinn , Horn Kevin , LeDuc Stephen D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe composition of forests in the northeastern United States and the ecosystem services they provide to future generations will depend on several factors. In this paper, we isolate the effects of two environmental drivers, nitrogen (N) deposition and climate (temperature and precipitation) change, through an analysis of a single cohort of 24 dominant tree species. We assembled a tree database using data from U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis monitoring plots. Applying observed species‐specific growth and survival responses, we simulated how forest stands in a 19‐state study area would change from 2005 to 2100 under 12 different future N deposition–climate scenarios. We then estimated implications for three selected forest ecosystem services: merchantable timber, aboveground carbon sequestration, and tree diversity. Total tree biomass (for 24 species combined) was positively associated with both increased N deposition and temperatures; however, due to differences in the direction and magnitude of species‐specific responses, forest composition varied across scenarios. For example, red maple (Acer rubrum) trees gained biomass under scenarios with more N deposition and more climate change, whereas biomass of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) and red pine (Pinus resinosa) was negatively affected. Projections for ecosystem services also varied across scenarios. Carbon sequestration, which is positively associated with biomass accumulation, increased with N deposition and increasing climate change. Total timber values also increased with overall biomass; however, scenarios with increasing climate change tended to favor species with lower merchantable value, whereas more N deposition favored species with higher merchantable value. Tree species diversity was projected to decrease with greater changes in climate (warmer temperatures), especially in the northwestern, central, and southeastern portions of the study area. In contrast, the effects of N deposition on diversity varied greatly in magnitude and direction across the study area. This study highlights species‐specific and regional effects of N deposition and climate change in northeastern U.S. forests, which can inform management decision for air quality and forests in the region, as well as climate policy. It also provides a foundation for future studies that may incorporate other important factors such as multiple cohorts, sulfur deposition, insects, and diseases.
Mixed effects of urbanization on density, nest survival, and nestling corticosterone of a generalist passerine
Authors: Buxton Valerie L. , Santymire Rachel M. , Benson Thomas J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGeneralist species occupy a wide range of habitats and typically respond well to environmental disturbance. Highly disturbed urban areas may contain habitat that generalists can use and exploit; however, habitat use and quality of areas within urban landscapes are poorly understood. Here, we investigated habitat use of a generalist passerine, the red‐winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), in urban and rural grassland patches in greater metropolitan Chicago, USA. From 2012 to 2013, we conducted point counts on 30 grassland patches and searched for nests at a subset of these sites. We measured and weighed nestlings and collected fecal samples for corticosterone metabolite analysis. We found that population densities were greater in grassland patches in more rural areas, despite higher rates of nest predation and brood parasitism. We found that clutch size and number of young fledged did not differ between urban and rural areas. Average body mass and tarsus length of nestlings did not vary with urbanization, but nestlings in rural environments had significantly greater fecal corticosterone metabolites than urban nestlings. These results suggest that, even for widely successful generalist species, novel habitat can create a disconnection between habitat use and quality. The reason for this disconnection is unclear but may be related to perceived predation risk or other biotic or abiotic cues. Addressing the mechanisms behind undervaluation of habitat within urban landscapes will aid in wildlife conservation and management in novel environments.
Root endophytes and invasiveness: no difference between native and non‐native Phragmites in the Great Lakes Region
Authors: Bickford Wesley A. , Goldberg Deborah E. , Kowalski Kurt P. , Zak Donald R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicrobial interactions could play an important role in plant invasions. If invasive plants associate with relatively more mutualists or fewer pathogens than their native counterparts, then microbial communities could foster plant invasiveness. Studies examining the effects of microbes on invasive plants commonly focus on a single microbial group (e.g., bacteria) or measure only plant response to microbes, not documenting the specific taxa associating with invaders. We surveyed root microbial communities associated with co‐occurring native and non‐native lineages of Phragmites australis, across Michigan, USA. Our aim was to determine whether (1) plant lineage was a stronger predictor of root microbial community composition than environmental variables and (2) the non‐native lineage associated with more mutualistic and/or fewer pathogenic microbes than the native lineage. We used microscopy and culture‐independent molecular methods to examine fungal colonization rate and community composition in three major microbial groups (bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes) within roots. We also used microbial functional databases to assess putative functions of the observed microbial taxa. While fungal colonization of roots was significantly higher in non‐native Phragmites than the native lineage, we found no differences in root microbial community composition or potential function between the two Phragmites lineages. Community composition did differ significantly by site, with soil saturation playing a significant role in structuring communities in all three microbial groups. The relative abundance of some specific bacterial taxa did differ between Phragmites lineages at the phylum and genus level (e.g., Proteobacteria, Firmicutes). Purported function of root fungi and respiratory mode of root bacteria also did not differ between native and non‐native Phragmites. We found no evidence that native and non‐native Phragmites harbored distinct root microbial communities; nor did those communities differ functionally. Therefore, if the trends revealed at our sites are widespread, it is unlikely that total root microbial communities are driving invasion by non‐native Phragmites plants.
Magneto‐Structural and Computational Study of a Tetranuclear Copper Complex Displaying Carbonyl–π Interactions
Authors: Kochem Amélie , Faure Bruno , Bertaina Sylvain , Rivière Eric , Giorgi Michel , Réglier Marius , Orio Maylis , Simaan A. Jalila 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Dr. Maylis Orio from the University of Aix Marseille, France. The cover image shows a tetranuclear complex with four copper(II) ions bridged by alkoxo linkers.
Ecohydrologic feedbacks controlling sizes of cypress wetlands in a patterned karst landscape
Authors: Dong Xiaoli , Murray A. Brad , Heffernan James B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMany landforms on Earth are profoundly influenced by biota. In particular, biota play a significant role in creating karst biogeomorphology, through biogenic CO2 accelerating calcite weathering. In this study, we explore the ecohydrologic feedback mechanisms that have created isolated depressional wetlands on exposed limestone bedrock in South Florida – Big Cypress National Preserve –as a case study for karst biogeomorphic processes giving rise to regularly patterned landscapes. Specifically, we are interested in: (1) whether cypress depressions on the landscape have reached (or will reach) equilibrium size; (2) if so, what feedback mechanisms stabilize the size of depressions; and (3) what distal interactions among depressions give rise to the even distribution of depressions in the landscape. We hypothesize three feedback mechanisms controlling the evolution of depressions and build a numerical model to evaluate the relative importance of each mechanism. We show that a soil cover feedback (i.e. a smaller fraction of CO2 reaches the bedrock surface for weathering as soil cover thickens) is the major feedback stabilizing depressions, followed by a biomass feedback (i.e. inhibited biomass growth with deepening standing water and extended inundation period as depressions expand in volume). Strong local positive feedback between the volume of depressions and rate of volume expansion and distal negative feedback between depressions competing for water likely lead to the regular patterning at the landscape scale. The individual depressions, however, are not yet in steady state but would be in ~0.2–0.4 million years. This represents the first study to demonstrate the decoupling of landscape‐scale self‐organization and the self‐organization of its constituent agents. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sexual selection and inbreeding: Two efficient ways to limit the accumulation of deleterious mutations
Authors: Noël Elsa , Fruitet Elise , Lelaurin Dennyss , Bonel Nicolas , Ségard Adeline , Sarda Violette , Jarne Philippe , David Patrice 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTheory and empirical data showed that two processes can boost selection against deleterious mutations, thus facilitating the purging of the mutation load: inbreeding, by exposing recessive deleterious alleles to selection in homozygous form, and sexual selection, by enhancing the relative reproductive success of males with small mutation loads. These processes tend to be mutually exclusive because sexual selection is reduced under mating systems that promote inbreeding, such as self-fertilization in hermaphrodites. We estimated the relative efficiency of inbreeding and sexual selection at purging the genetic load, using 50 generations of experimental evolution, in a hermaphroditic snail (Physa acuta). To this end, we generated lines that were exposed to various intensities of inbreeding, sexual selection (on the male function), and nonsexual selection (on the female function). We measured how these regimes affected the mutation load, quantified through the survival of outcrossed and selfed juveniles. We found that juvenile survival strongly decreased in outbred lines with reduced male selection, but not when female selection was relaxed, showing that male-specific sexual selection does purge deleterious mutations. However, in lines exposed to inbreeding, where sexual selection was also relaxed, survival did not decrease, and even increased for self-fertilized juveniles, showing that purging through inbreeding can compensate for the absence of sexual selection. Our results point to the further question of whether a mixed strategy combining the advantages of both mechanisms of genetic purging could be evolutionary stable.
Chromatin dynamics governed by a set of nuclear structural proteins
Authors: Vivante Anat , Brozgol Eugene , Bronshtein Irena , Levi Vered , Garini Yuval 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDuring the past three decades, the study of nuclear and chromatin organization has become of great interest. The organization and dynamics of chromatin are directly responsible for many functions including gene regulation, genome replication, and maintenance. In order to better understand the details of these mechanisms, we need to understand the role of specific proteins that take part in these processes. The genome in the nucleus is organized in different length scales, ranging from the bead‐like nucleosomes through topological associated domains up to chromosome territories. The mechanisms that maintain these structures, however, remain to be fully elucidated. Previous works highlighted the significance of lamin A, an important nucleoplasmic protein; however, there are other nuclear structural proteins that are also important for chromatin organization. Studying the organizational aspects of the nucleus is a complex task, and different methods have been developed and adopted for this purpose, including molecular and imaging methods. Here we describe the use of the live‐cell imaging method and demonstrate that the dynamics of the nucleus is strongly related to its organizational mechanisms. We labeled different genomic sites in the nucleus and measured the effect of nuclear structural proteins on their dynamics. We studied lamin A, BAF, Emerin, lamin B, CTCF, and Cohesin and discuss how each of them affect chromatin dynamics. Our findings indicate that lamin A and BAF have a significant effect on chromosomes dynamics, while other proteins mildly affect the type of the diffusion while the volume of motion is not affected.