bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wireline Tractor Conveyance - A Technology Game Changer for the Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Jongnarungsin Sarunya , Puttisounthorn Toon 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Easy oil is no longer low hanging fruit for oil and gas operators, and drilling targets are becoming increasingly ambitious, which results in escalation of the well trajectory complexity. This accordingly spirals the well and completion costs. To overcome this situation, technology must play a role to reduce cost, increase efficiency and ensure safety at all times. Conveyance is the key for any data acquisition and well completion activities. Historically, conveyance methods for data acquisition and perforation in highly deviated or horizontal wells required drill pipe or coiled-tubing methods. These methods are time consuming, labor intensive, require a larger equipment footprint, with possible HSE risks involved. Mubadala Petroleum in Thailand has seen a significant increase in horizontal and high deviated wells over the past few years. The wireline tractor technology has been used for the first time in Mubadala Petroleum's Thailand operations during the drilling, initial completion and workover intervention operations, and it has been a game changer for Mubadala Petroleum in Thailand in terms of reducing rig time, well cost, and most importantly minimizing the HSE risks.
Over the past few decades, the oil and gas industry has developed the technique of drilling horizontally through the reservoir to maximize the surface contact area of the reservoir, to gain higher recovery and production. However, one downside from this technique is that it has become challenging and costly to perforate or to obtain measurements in this horizontal environment, as gravity will no longer support the wireline tools to reach to the bottom of the well. Wireline Tractor technology has played an important role to overcome this challenge. It reduces time, cost and will improve data quality as well as increase wellbore coverage. The wireline tractor functions with an electric over hydraulic power relationship, using its drive/wheel sections to push the passenger tool downhole as the cable is spooled off the unit allowing the tool to reach the end of horizontal or deviated wells without deploying drill pipe or coiled tubing conveyance methods. With this principle, any job that is typically run on electric wireline in a vertical well can be efficiently done in a horizontal or deviated well using wireline tractor.
Material presented in the paper will be from actual operations, examples being tractor conveyed wireline logging tool and 4.5in Outer Diameter (OD) 90 ft heavy long perforation gun in single tractor operations. It will also display the operational efficiencies increases and risk reduction being obtained.
A Breakthrough in Extended Reach Drilling by Introduction of a Redesigned Drill Pipe Connection
Authors: Kvalvaag Edvin , Frigui Mejdi , Al Hajeri Mohamed , Awad Ahmed , De Roffignac Geoffry , Lafuente Marta , Carrois Fabien , Sissenov Olzhas 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A world leading ERD project was required to make a step change in drilling performance to reduce the well construction duration. An opportunity was identified to minimize invisible lost time due to handling a tapered string combing two sizes of drill pipe.
The objective was to design and successfully run a new uniformed string, based on a fit-for-purpose slim drill pipe concept which is intended to offer an unprecedented robust and ultrahigh torque connection.
Following an initial analysis of the drilling requirements in terms of torque, dimensions, tensile capacity and hydraulics, it was rapidly identified that the process limiter was the drill pipe connection as no option available in the market could meet the redesigned project requirements. A thorough assessment of the tool joint characteristics was performed to identify the upgrade(s) that will maximize the connection capacity and performance. As a result, the R&D team of a manufacturer was brought onboard to design the new thread that will enable the operation as planned. The new design would then be validated through shop stress tests and field trials with actual pipe.
A new thread model was developed and allowed the design of drill pipe that had a reduced tool joint OD that would allow for a lower annular pressure drop and fishability in the 8 ½" hole. The tool joint provided an increased torque capacity up to 70,000 ft-lbs while still meeting the operating mandates of minimized handling and maintenance requirements. The newly designed drill pipe successfully passed the shop stress tests and was mobilized for operations. The drill pipe completed an entire well consisting of three sections (16", 12 ¼" and 8 ½") within the tight hydraulic window of such ERD wells further validating the original drilling simulation parameters. The post job drill pipe inspection confirmed that wear and tear were within current benchmarks. Furthermore, subsequent analysis showed that the connections make and break duration was better than the average experienced rates on the same rig.
In addition to the technical capability of the new drill pipe, the introduction of a single size string reduced the drill pipe inventory by approximately 20% and saved close to 7 days of rig operating time on the well.
This paper will present the framework used to foster innovation and the cooperation between the E&P company drilling team and the drill pipe manufacturer's R&D group. It will detail the fast-tracked introduction of a new design of drill pipe with an innovative thread type which seeks to combine efficiency, reliability and unparalleled torque capacity, in order to extend the drill string torque technical limit with the potential to revolutionize the ERD industry.
Kinetics Study of Iron Sulfide Scale Dissolution
Authors: Aljeban Norah , Chen Tao , Balharth Salem 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Iron Sulfide deposition in production facilities is one of the flow assurance issues in oil and gas industry. It can cause tubing blockage, interfere well intervention, and reduce production in both sour oil and gas wells. Mechanical descaling is currently applied, but it is time consuming and costly. Dissolvers based on concentrated hydrochloric (HCl) acid have high dissolving power, but with a limited applicability due to overwhelming drawbacks such as corrosion and H2S generation. Low corrosive, non-acid chemical dissolvers were developed. However, the dissolution rate is low and is not comparable to concentrated hydrochloric (HCl) acid performance.
Following the development of the iron sulfide dissolver presented in ADIPEC 2017, this work focuses on the improvement of the kinetics of iron sulfide dissolution, the kinetic factors of the dissolution rate. The non-acidic iron sulfide dissolver was used in lab dissolution tests. The effect of dissolution temperature, particle size, agitation, and ratio of volume of dissolver and mass of scale, were studied. Scale dissolution tests at temperature between 40°C and 125°C were carried out to evaluate the dissolution rate of pyrrhotite scale particles of sizes between 10 and 80 mesh. The ratios of volume (ml) of dissolver and scale particles (gram) were tested from 10:2 to 20:1. The agitation was from static to 160 rpm. The tests lasted for 6 hours. The dissolving amount was calculated by weight difference between the initial and final solids.
The results show that the kinetics of pyrrhotite dissolution can improve significantly at high temperature due to the increase in the thermodynamic of dissolution, and by reducing the particle size to increase the contact surface area of scale particles. The increase of volume ratio of dissolver with the mass of scale particles and increasing agitation have limited effect on the kinetics of scale dissolution under the test conditions.
This study provides and ranks the kinetic factors for iron sulfide dissolution. It gives a guideline to improve iron sulfide dissolution during field application using non-acid based iron sulfide scale dissolver.
Piping Motion Solutions-Ball Joint Technology
Authors: Chase Arlene 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objective
Inform and educate oil and gas pipe engineers of the safe and reliable solutions to pipe motion at high pressures. Expansion joints for Axial and Offset technology pipe systems. Ball joint designs in the offset and scissor installations for Offshore, Onshore, Production, Development and Distribution pipe systems.
Axial and Offset Pipe system technology and what are the advantages? How are expansion joints installed? What is a ball joint and how do they work? How to model expansion joints in a pipe stress program?
Ball joints are not new. Barco Ball joints have been around since 1908. The designs were developed to ensure steam could reach the front of a train from the boiler in the back across each car connection. The Steam piping made the passenger cars warm and comfortable. Today, Ball Joints provide a method of absorbing pipe movement for applications ranging to high pressures, steam and hot water pipe expansion, tank and building settlement, seismic isolation, wave motion compensation on oil platforms, barges, FPSO and drilling ships, solar panel movement, oil well riser expansion and safety relief valve escape piping.
Continuous Improvement of Hybrid-Solvent Solutions through a Smarter Formulation
Authors: Langé Stefano , Zhao Jing , Cadours Renaud , Weiss Claire , Bernadet Mikael , Caetano Michel , Layellon Lise 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper presents how the optimization of the solvent composition provides significant OPEX reduction and simplifies process management.
Removing mercaptans from natural gas is becoming a tough work for operating companies due to the tightening of commercial specifications for sulfur-containing molecules in the final products. Beside this, about 40% of the known gas reserves are sour; some of them contain H2S and mercaptans. To commercialize these gas fields in a profitable way, smart process solutions focused on energy efficiency are needed. Classical gas sweetening units are based on chemical absorption by means of aqueous alkanolamines to remove CO2 and H2S from natural gas. These solvents have limited mercaptans removal capacity, requiring supplementary removal processes. This has a negative impact on the overall gas processing costs.
To face this challenge, TOTAL has developed a new series of hybrid solvents able to remove, in a one- step operation, CO2, H2S and mercaptans. Process performances can be improved without plant modification. The first solvent formulation was based on DiEthanolAmine (DEA) and was implemented in the sweetening units of the Lacq plant (France), demonstrating the benefits of the new hybrid solvents at industrial scale.
DEA solvent is a widely used and easy-to operate/monitor solvent. However, DEA has the drawback to be sensitive to chemical and thermal degradation. Moreover, DEA regeneration is quite energy demanding.
To overcome these problems, the amine components have been changed. The choice of new components is driven by following characteristics: good solvent stability, low regeneration energy demand, high CO2 and H2S removal efficiency.
A mixture of MethylDiEthanolamine and Piperazine (MDEA+PZ) has been adopted as the solution to replace the DEA based solvent. The choice has been made thanks to the good chemical stability of MDEA and the high performance of PZ as an activator to boost the rate of the absorption process.
This paper presents the operational feedback with this new formulation. The first benefit of the hybrid solvent formulated with MDEA+PZ is that it was implemented in the existing unit without plant modification. Other advantage is the improved chemical and thermal stability. This solvent swap allows to decrease the reboiler duty of the solvent regeneration, to reduce the chemicals consumption, while keeping the final product quality unchanged.
The benefits of the solvent swap will be supported by operating data collected before and after the solvent swap.
Attaining Technical Excellence in Project-Based Organisations through Multidisciplinary Knowledge Management Strategies and Tools to Improve the Transfer, Application and Reuse of Critical Knowledge
Authors: Weightman Janine , Curson Nigel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In these lean times, many organisations are considering investing in custom knowledge management (KM) strategies and enabling technologies to drive sustainable and enhanced business performance to reclaim or redefine their competitive advantage. The financial squeeze, movement of employees, and pressure to meet challenging customer requirements in the aftermath of Oil and Gas industry consolidation has effectively curtailed an organisation's ability to compete with financial advantages, retain critical knowledge and demanded increased agility in terms of delivering competence and services to tighter budgets. The changing face of competitive advantage in an increasingly technological and economically challenging world has directed organisations to look within to exploit their knowledge as a resource for innovation and sustainability. Success depends on how organisations have nurtured their differentiating knowledge.
It is imperative to rewire industry thinking around a subject that has been misrepresented as a voluntary business strategy. Such thinking has been detrimental to the intellectual health of organisations and the individuals that sustain it. This paper presents a resourceful approach to rescue or advance a KM strategy so that knowledge is created and transferred within the flow of work by ‘hiding KM in plain sight'.
Penspen's 8-point KM strategy and model for knowledge creation is a pragmatic approach to improve the transfer, application and reuse of critical knowledge in an organisation where the pressure of meeting project deadlines is always at odds with the imperative to manage knowledge. The discussion around personal knowledge capital and social capital seeks to sober up the reader's mind to the human and technological element of knowledge creation inside managed organisational environments. Insight into the tangible connection between knowledge creation and competitive advantage is offered, and how this is realised through a custom multidisciplinary approach that can elevate the maturity of a KM strategy. Recommendations and insights are provided as intervention strategies, which should appeal to organisations that have either limited KM resources, limited time to leverage critical knowledge or present lower levels of KM readiness.
Key Successful Factors in Deep Water Development - Eni Experience in West Africa
Authors: Lamberti Andrea , Colombi Nazzarena , Calderoni Mirko , Bombaci Fabio , Castelnuovo Luca , Crema Giordano 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
2018 will be the brightest year for upstream investment since 2014. Costs reduction and the oil price stabilization gives operators confidence in launching new challenging projects.
However, launching new projects is still particularly challenging for deep-water assets. Even if project costs are 20% lower than mid-2014, deep-water projects are not yet competitive with tight oil, considering also the higher associated uncertainty.
The direction to improve is clear: further cost cuts, through leaner development principles and improved well designs. Moreover, operators have to take advantage from lesson learned of projects already in production.
Eni has consolidated on its West Africa deep-water assets a workflow that can support challenging projects FID through: Reduction of time to market parallelizing project phasesManagement of project uncertainty through flexibilityWork in integrated teams taking advantage from digital transformation
More in details, the first target is to reduce time to market anticipating free cash flow generation. This is achieved through an appraisal while developing phase: drilling appraisal as first wells of development campaign, derisking the following well locations. Time-to-market reduction is achieved by parallelizing development phases, starting development plan definition during exploration phases and anticipating procurement of long lead items.
This is possible if subsurface uncertainty has been properly defined through robust 3D models and if projects can guarantee the flexibility to capture new opportunities: fine tune well locations during drilling campaign, keep spare slots availability and sidetrack opportunities, substitute water and gas injectors with water alternate gas wells (WAG).
In addition, Digital Transformation offers more and more the possibility to continuously update 3D models thanks to the availability of real time data, run thousands of simulations on super computers and monitor in real time field performance, taking advantage from simple daily operations.
This work is aimed to describe the steps that were the key successful factors of Eni operated deep water projects in West Africa. The presented workflow can now be considered a standard approach for the most challenging Eni's projects and supported the company to reach record time-to-market for the execution of challenging deep-water projects in the range of 2,5 to 4 years from authorization to first oil.
Impact of Stray Capacitance on Long Control Cable
Authors: El Sadani Mohamed , Sorin Pavel lonut , Somasundaram Sivanantham , Krishnasamy Suresh , Al Menhali Fahed 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to share the RCA (Root Cause Analysis) of the power failure incident of 11kV substation fed from upstream 33kV SWGR through 2 nos. 33/11kV transformers at Company operating Plant.
Both interconnecting 33/11kV transformers tripped simultaneously causing black out of certain process train at the plant. However, all other downstream substations fed from the same 33kV SWGR did not trip
Maintenance team performed preliminary investigation and found that event records of protection relays of both 33kV outgoing feeders indicated that downstream 11kV incomers were racked-out.
Since, no physical rack out of both 11kV incomers, and after quick review of the relevant schematics, it was thought that simultaneous tripping could be attributed to mal-operation of Arc flash flap Switch at incomer/coupler circuit breakers of 11 KV Switchboard.
As such, in order to restore the power supply and resume production, the following has been made: Switchgear cubicles along with VT and circuit breakers compartments were inspected and cleared from major findings.TC (Temporary Concession form) had been filled and Risk Assessed to temporary disable Arc flash flap Switch at incomer/coupler circuit breakers of downstream 11 KV SWGR – till further investigation.
Finally, 11KV Power supply was restored after approximately 2 hours.
Company formed investigation team lead by the author of this paper to find out the root cause, which is concluded as follows: This particular 11kV substation among all other substations is 1500 meter far from main upstream 33kV substation. As such, the interconnecting control cable is long enough to carry undesired stray voltage due to well-known phenomena of capacitive effect.11kV CB rake-out trip signal was directly wired to upstream outgoing CB protection relay and powered from 110VDC control voltage of upstream substation. Due to long distance, stray voltage of 15VDC was measured in the cable but it was not enough to trigger the trip signal until 110V DC system disturbance took place causing enough stray voltage above 25VDC (experimentally verified) to initiate the trip.Nevertheless, why other substation did not trip even though all of their 33kV outgoing feeders are tapped from the same affected110VDC source? This is what we will explain in the next pages.
CO2 Sequestration Optimization in Aquifers While Considering Thermal and Geochemical Effects
Authors: Temizel Cenk , Abdullayev Azer , Kedia Rachit , Chhabra Sameer 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
One method of reducing the recognized threat of global warming is using continued sequestration of anthropogenic "greenhouse gases," such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Sedimentary basins are present globally and, because of the omnipresent nature of deep, regional-scale aquifers within them, they can be considered as potential sites for disposal and sequestration of CO2. Successful implementation requires identifying and considering fundamental concepts to help ensure that CO2 is stored in the aquifers effectively. The ideal scenario involves migrating CO2 from injection wells to remote storage sites using the aquifer, helping ensure its isolation from the atmosphere for a considerable length of time. In addition to the scientific and technical aspects of sequestration research, the practicality of the concept should be considered, including evaluating the maximum possible volume of CO2 that can be stored at global and regional levels as well as the safety and economic feasibility of the process. This study discusses examples to help provide an in-depth, practical understanding of this concept.
The study combines a full-physics commercial simulator with an effective uncertainty and optimization tool. The sequestration phenomenon is then modeled to investigate the significance and effect of the essential parameters on well performance while also considering thermal and geochemical effects. The process assesses the injection of CO2 containing tracers for 25 years, followed by shutting in the injectors and modeling the status of CO2 for the next 225 years. While CO2 is injected into an aquifer, the molecular diffusion of CO2 in water is modeled. The modeling of the thermal effects attributable to the injection of CO2 is important because the chemical equilibrium constants have a functional thermal dependency.
For reservoir management, the evaluation and effective management of uncertainties are as important as managing the well-level parameters. For this study, essential reservoir and well parameters are identified, and sensitivity and optimization processes are performed on them; the tornado charts in this paper illustrate the significance and effect of each parameter. Thermal and geochemical effects are shown to play vital roles in the sequestration process.
This study outlines the significance of essential parameters associated with the overall success of the CO2 sequestration in aquifers using in-depth uncertainty and optimization analysis, and it considers the influence of thermal and geochemical effects.