bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Klonidin 1,5 Mcg/Kgbb Intravena Dibandingkan Dengan Fentanil 2 Mcg/ Kgbb Intravena Terhadap Respon Hemodinamik Akibat Tindakan Laringoskopi dan Intubasi Endotrakeal
Authors: Susanto Agus , Tanra Husni 
Published: June 2019

Latar Belakang : Laringoskopi dan intubasi endotrakhea suatu tindakan yang sering dilakukan pada anestesi umum maupun dalam manajemen jalan napas. Sering terjadigaejolak hemodinamik akibat tindakan ini, dan langkah-langkah penanggulangan perlu diambil untuk mencegah kejadian tersebut. Klonidin diharapkan dapat mengurangi gejolak hemodinamik akibat laringoskopi-intubasi. Tujuan : Menilai efek premedikasi klonidin 1,5 mcg/kgBB intravena dibandingkan dengan premedikasi fentanil 2 mcg/kgBB intravena terhadap respon hemodinamik akibat tindakan laringoskopi dan intubasi endotrakeal. Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 40 pasien dibagi dalam 2 kelompok dengan uji klinik tersamar ganda. Yang mendapat klonidin 1,5 mcg/kgBB (kelompok K, n=20) dan yang mendapat fentanil 2 mcg/kgBB (kelompok F,n=20), keduanya diinduksi dengan propofol 2 mg/kgBB dan atracurium 0.5 mg/kgBB. Laju jantung (LJ), tekanan darah sistolik (TDS), tekanan darah diastolik (TDD) dan tekanan arteri rerata (TAR) diukur saat basal, setelah pemberian klonidin atau fentanil, setelah induksi anestesi, saat intubasi endotrakeal, dan menit 1,2,3,4,5 setelah intubasi endotrakeal. Hasil : Meskipun terjadi peningkatan LJ, TDS,TDD dan TAR saat intubasi namun didapatkan penurunan lebih rendah pada kelompok K. Pada kelompok K terjadi penurunan TDS pada menit ke-1 (p0.013), menit ke-2(p=0.037) ,TDD menit ke-1 (p=0.048),TAR menit ke-1 (p=0.012) yang bermkana setelah intubasi endotrakeal.Kesimpulan: Klonidin 1,5 mcg/kgBB dan fentanil 2 mcg.kgbb intravena sama-sama dapat menekan respon hemodinamik saat laringoskopi dan intubasi endotrakeal namun pada penelitian ini lebih bermkna pada klonidin.
Pengaruh Simvastatin Terhadap Kadar Proliferasi Limfosit Mencit Balb/C yang Diinduce Sepsis dengan LPS
Authors: Kharmayani Made Ryan , Lutfi Haris , Soesilowati Danu 
Published: June 2019

Latar Belakang : Statin, inhibitor 3-hidroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase merupakan agen yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan lipid dan mempunyai efek pleiotrofik yaitu anti inflamatori dan immunomodulatori. Statin juga memodifikasi interaksi interseluler dan kemotaksis seluler pada sistem imun serta berpotensi mempengaruhi limfosit T dengan cara menghambat iinteraksi antara adhesi molekul seluler leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) dan intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), juga menurunkan interferon gamma (IFN -ɣ) yang berperan dalam ekspresi class II major histocompatibilty complex (MHC II) pada antigen precenting cells (APC) dan merupakan proses penting dalam aktivasi sel T. Penurunan ekspresi MHC II berakibat pada inhibisi aktivasi CD 4 limfosit, sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan diferensiasi T helper-1 (Th1) dan pelepasan sitokin proinflamasi juga menurun.Tujuan : Membuktikan efek simvastatin dosis bertingkat peroral pada mencit yang diberi LPS intraperitoneal terhadap penurunan kadar proliferasi limfosit.Metode : Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan desain randomized post test only controlled group pada 20 ekor mencit Balb/c yang disuntik lipopolisakarida 10 mg/KgBB intraperitoneal dan simvastatin dosis 0,03 mg, 0,06 mg dan 0,12 mg peroral. Mencit dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara random, yaitu K1 sebagai control, K2 yang mendapat simvastatin 0,03 mg, K3 yang mendapat simvastatin 0,06 mg dan K4 yang mendapat simvastatin 0,12 mg. Pemeriksaan limfosit diambil dari kultur limpa setelah 72 jam pemberian simvastatin. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah parametrik ANOVA dan dilanjutkan PosterioriHasil : Kadar rerata limfosit kelompok K1 (1,546 ± 0,106), K2 (0,541 ± 0,046), K3 (0,471 ± 0,013) dan K4 (0,553 ± 0,02). Terdapat penurunan kadar limfosit secara signifikan pada kelompok K2, K3 dan K4 dibanding K1 dengan p <0,05. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar limfosit kelompok K2 dengan kelompok K3 dan K4 ( p>0,05) tetapi didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok K3 dibandingkan kelompok K4 ( p<0,05).Simpulan : Simvastatin secara signifikan menurunkan kadar proliferasi limfosit pada mencit yang diberi LPS intraperitoneal. Dosis 0,06 mg memiliki efek menekan kadar proliferasi limfosit paling besar.
Advisability use of Arduino controllers in automation of refrigeration devices
Authors: Forsiuk А. , Pylypenko О. , Golub A. , Zasiadko Ya. , Voznyy V. , Gryshchenko R. 
Published: June 2019

The advantages and disadvantages of Arduino controllers in relation to refrigeration automation systems are considered. An example of using the Arduino controller for creating an automation and monitoring system for a non-standard laboratory refrigeration unit is presented. Arduino is a computing hardware platform for affordable design, the main components of which are the microcontroller board with input and output elements, as well as the Processing / Wiring programming environment in a programming language similar to C, C ++. Arduino can be used to create standalone interactive objects, connect to the software that is used on your computer. The main advantage of using Arduino-based controllers is the availability of information about the microcontroller card, the specification of the elements, the software. Information is freely accessible and can be used by developers in any field. Microcontroller boards have a special structure, due to which, if necessary, it can be expanded by adding new components to the device. Thus, the presented platform allows to improve or change the operation of the automation system of the refrigeration unit, depending on the requirements of the consumer of the cold. The presented variant of automation of refrigeration systems gives an opportunity to come up with a new approach to the design of refrigeration units. During the development of the automation system, a modular algorithm for controlling and protecting the refrigeration unit was created in all its variants, the necessary peripheral equipment and signal receivers were selected. It is shown that the value ratio - functionality of these devices significantly exceeds the similar indicators of the world's leading manufacturers of refrigeration automation systems.
Secondary Use of Patient Tissue in Cancer Biobanks
Authors: Mathews Debra J.H. , Rabin Julia T. , Quain Katharine , Campbell Eric , Collyar Deborah , Hlubocky Fay J. , Isakoff Steven , Peppercorn Jeffrey 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
As scientific techniques evolve, historical informed consent forms may inadequately address modern research proposals, leading to ethical questions regarding research with archived biospecimens.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods
We conducted focus groups among patients with cancer recruited from Massachusetts General Hospital to explore views on medical research, biobanking, and scenarios based on real biospecimen research dilemmas. Our multidisciplinary team developed a structured focus group guide, and all groups were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were coded for themes by two independent investigators using NVivo software.

Results
Across five focus groups with 21 participants, we found that most participants were supportive of biobanks and use of their own tissue to advance scientific knowledge. Many favor allowing research beyond the scope of the original consent to proceed if recontact is impossible. However, participants were not comfortable speaking for other patients who may oppose research beyond the original consent. This was viewed as a potential violation of participants’ rights or interests. Participants were also concerned with a “slippery slope” and potential scientific abuse if research were permitted without adherence to original consent. There was strong support for recontact and reconsent when possible and for the concept of broad consent at the time of tissue collection.

Conclusion
Our participants support use of their tissue to advance research and generally support any productive scientific approach. However, in the absence of broad initial consent, when recontact is impossible, a case-by-case decision must be made regarding a proposal's potential benefits and harms. Many participants support broad use of their tissue, but a substantial minority object to use beyond the original consent.

Implications for Practice
For prospective studies collecting tissue for future research, investigators should consider seeking broad consent, to allow for evolution of research questions and methods. For studies using previously collected tissues, researchers should attempt recontact and reconsent for research aims or methods beyond the scope of the original consent. When reconsent is not possible, a case-by-case decision must be made, weighing the scientific value of the biobank, potential benefits of the proposed research, and the likelihood and nature of risks to participants and their welfare interests. This study's data suggest that many participants support broad use of their tissue and prefer science to move forward.
Energy consumption and economic growth nexus: Panel co-integration and causality tests for Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Fatai Basiru Oyeniran 
Published: June 2019

This study reassesses the causal relationships between energy consumption and economic growth in 18 Sub-Saharan Africa countries over the period 1980-2011. The Panel Unit Root Test results show that variables (both exogenous and endogenous) are stationary at their first difference with individual effects and individual linear trends, while the results of panel co-integration tests show that energy consumption and economic growth do have a stable long-run equilibrium relationship. There is unidirectional causality from energy consumption to economic growth in East and the Southern Africa Sub-region, which supports the growth hypothesis. As a result, the related authorities in the regions should take a special interest in different sources of energy and invest more in this sector, make suitable policies in this regard and find new alternative and cheap sources of energy. But, there is no causality between energy consumption and economic growth in Central and the West Africa Sub-region, which is in line with the neutrality hypothesis. In other words, both energy consumption and economic growth are neutral with respect to each other. Our results confirm the inconclusive nature of a causality relationship between energy consumption and economic growth.
Büyükşehir statüsündeki illerde kırsal nüfusun tespiti: Ordu ili örneği
Authors: ŞENOL Eren 
Published: June 2019

Ülkemizde 6360 sayılı yasa ile nüfusu 750.000’i aşan illerde il belediyeleri, kanunla büyükşehir belediyesine dönüştürülmüştür. Yine aynı düzenlemeye bağlı olarak bu nüfus büyüklüğüne sahip illerde, belde belediyeleri ve köy tüzel kişilikleri kaldırılmış; bu alanlar mahalle olarak tanımlanmış; büyükşehir belediye sınırı, il sınırı ile çakıştırılmıştır. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), ilgili yasayı esas alarak büyükşehir sınırları içerisindeki nüfusun tümünü “şehir nüfusu” olarak kabul etmektedir. Bunun bir sonucu olarak ülke “kır” nüfusunun nicelik ve niteliği, coğrafya terminolojisine uygun olmayan bir şekilde kamuoyu ile paylaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada TÜİK’in mahalle düzeyindeki verileri kullanılarak büyükşehir statüsüne sahip Ordu ilinin “yok sayılan” kırsal nüfusu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Amaca ulaşmak için 2013 öncesinde “köy” veya “belde belediyesi”; ilgili yasadan sonra ise “mahalle” olarak tanımlanan yönetsel birimler; “şehir” yerleşmelerini oluşturan mahallelerden ayrılmıştır. Bu sınıflandırmaya göre Ordu ilinin 2017 yılı Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi (ADNKS) verilerine göre kır nüfus miktarı ve oranı tespit edilmiştir. Eldeki çalışmada, benzer çalışmalardan farklı olarak, tespit edilen bu kırsal nüfusun cinsiyet yapısına, yaş gruplarına göre dağılımına ve eğitim durumuna ilişkin özelliklerine de yer verilmiştir.
Cellular immune response in infected mice to NSP protein encoded by the negative strand NS RNA of influenza A virus
Authors: Zhirnov Oleg P. , Konakova Tatyana E. , Anhlan Darisuren , Ludwig Stephan , Isaeva Elena I. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Influenza A virus belongs to a family of enveloped viruses with an RNA genome of negative polarity consisting of 8 RNA segments. The transcription of this RNA genome results in the synthesis of positive-sense mRNAs that translate up to 16 unique viral proteins with the help of splicing and translational shift mechanisms. The 8th NS segment encodes the NS1 protein (27 kDa), which is an active interferon antagonist, and the nuclear export protein NEP (14 kDa) through the standard negative polarity pathway. In addition, an alternative open reading frame for the synthesis of a third viral protein (NSP, negative-strand protein) by means of a direct translation of genome polarity RNA (the so-called positive polarity genome strategy) was identified in the NS segment. Since it is unknown as to whether the NSP protein can be synthesized in the infected organism post viral infection, the generation of spleen leucocytes specific to this protein was studied in mice after two sequential infections with influenza A viruses of H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes. It was found that leucocyte clones specifically recognizing a peptide domain in the central region of the NSP protein (amino acid positions 82-119) were generated in mice infected with influenza A viruses. In silico prediction has shown strong major histocompatibility complex-1 (MHC-I) and MHC-II specific epitopes in this central domain of the NSP. Comparative analysis of the influenza H3N2 viruses circulating in humans during 1968-2018 has shown high NSP variability, which was similar to that shown for the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins. The highest variability was found to be in the N-and C-terminal parts of the NSP. These observations suggest that synthesis of the NSP protein occurs in infected animals and further support a bipolar (ambisense) strategy of the RNA genome of human influenza A virus.
La investigación sobre la imagen de los alojamientos turísticos y las dimensiones que la componen: situación actual y retos de futuro
Authors: Moreno Gil Sergio , Picazo Peral Patricia , Korstanje Maximiliano 
Published: June 2019

El presente ensayo o pieza de revisión es un intento de brindar al lector una lectura holística del problema de la imagen y su disociación respecto a la marca o proceso de construcción de marca. Centrados en la industria hotelera (producto alojativo), la propuesta sugiere dos asuntos significativos. Por un lado, existe una necesidad de introducir nuevos estudios cualitativos que complementen los puntos que no tienen respuesta sobre el rol que juega el conocimiento como aspecto de intención de compra. Por el otro, cada producto se encuentra inserto en una matriz de tiempo, en cuyo caso, estudiar la evolución de la imagen a lo largo de la vida del producto se hace una cuestión de importancia para los analistas de marketing. Así mismo, el ensayo hace énfasis en la interacción microsocial (cara a cara) como forma relacional para el posicionamiento de los productos hoteleros. Ello demuestra que existe una tendencia hacia la fragmentación (segmentación) que debe ser discutida y analizada.
A Crisis of Faith, Scary Popes, and William Gladstone
Authors: Jackson Josh , 2018 Class of 
Published: June 2019

William Gladstone presided as Prime Minister of Great Britain on four separate occasions between 1868 to 1894. Gladstone was preoccupied both personally and politically with religion, and his personal faith journey reflected the larger crisis of faith occurring in Britain in the nineteenth century as secularism and urbanization began to erode the place of faith in common life. Many scholars have referred to this period as the “Victorian Crisis of Faith.” This paper examines his personal diaries and extensive writings to understand his zest for religion, primarily regarding the supposed papal aggression of 1850 in Great Britain and his personal faith crises. The significance of this paper is that it highlights how both personally and politically this key leader was working to understand the role of religion in public life in nineteenth-century Great Britain.
Higher education as factor for economic development: Lithuanian case
Authors: Ciburiene Jadvyga , Bernatonyte Dalia , Simanaviciene Zaneta , Startiene Grazina 
Published: June 2019

Authors of the article aim to show what role higher education play in economic development. They argue that modernizationand transformation of the economy mostly depend on knowledge-based economy. Smart, sustainable, and inclusive economic growth are based and strongly related to higher education. When analyzing higher education, the share of the population with tertiary education (in the total population aged 15–64 years) was chosen to study. For the evaluation of these relations in Lithuania and the EU-28 the period of 2005–2013 was analyzed, and the year 2005 was chosen as the base year. The research results and calculated Pearson correlation coefficient revealed that the share of the population with tertiary education (in the total population aged 15–64 years) has a significant impact on the share of human resources in science and technology, research and development expenditure and real adjusted gross disposable income of households per capita in Lithuania and most other countries of the EU-28.. Keywords: Economic development, economic modernization, higher education, research and development expenditure;

Keywords: Economic development, economic modernization, higher education, research and development expenditure;
The Response to Acquired Brain Injury in the United Kingdom: A Comparative Review
Authors: Foster Sophie Vivien , Degeneffe Charles Edmund 
Published: June 2019

Background and ObjectiveThis article compares the policy, care systems, and legislation surrounding acquired brain injury (ABI) in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). Consistent with their shared histories, many similarities in terms of culture, language, and politics, and their history of cooperative relations in military and diplomatic efforts, the US and UK have taken similar approaches toward meeting the needs of persons with ABI and their family caregivers. However, important distinctions exist.Method and FindingsThrough a comprehensive narrative review, the article describes both common as well as distinct aspects of the system of ABI services from acute care through to long-term community rehabilitation.ConclusionsThe article concludes by discussing areas of potential collaboration in research, services, policy, and training to advance best practice approaches in both nations.
Synthesis of novel Schiff base derivatives of tacrine and investigation of their acetylcholinesterase inhibition potency
Authors: Koyuncu Elif , Yaşar Ahmet , Arslan Fatma , Sari Nurşen 
Published: June 2019

Investigation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition potency of some new Schiff base derivatives of tacrine (9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine) was reported in this paper. Novel Schiff base derivatives of tacrine (3a–g) have been synthesized, and they have been characterized by several methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, etc.). Then, inhibition effects on AChE by the synthesized compounds have been investigated by the spectrophotometric Ellman method. IC50, Ki, KM and Vmax values and inhibition types have been determined. It was seen that all compounds had the property of a water-soluble reversible AChE inhibitor. Structure 3a was found to be the most potent inhibitor, with the IC50 value of 22.1 ± 1.11 nM (tacrine's IC50 value was calculated as 34.1 nM).
Photocatalytic degradation of azure B under visible light irradiation by reduced graphene oxide–NiS composite
Authors: Chaudhary Ruchi , Ameta Suresh C , Ameta Rakshit 
Published: June 2019

A composite of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and nickel sulfide (NiS) was prepared via mechanochemical method and further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX). NiS was prepared via precipitation method, and RGO was prepared via reduction of graphene oxide. The photocatalytic performances of as prepared RGO/NiS composite, RGO and NiS were evaluated using azure B model system. The composite exhibited good photocatalytic activity as compared to NiS as well as RGO. The optimum conditions obtained for the photocatalytic degradation of azure B were the following: pH = 8.0, [Azure B] = 2.0 × 10–5 M, amount of composite = 0.10 g, and light intensity = 50.0 mW·cm–2. The rate of degradation of azure B with the composite was found to be 1.79 × 10–4s–1.
Transcriptome Analysis of Aconitum carmichaelii and Exploration of the Salsolinol Biosynthetic Pathway
Authors: Yang Yuxia , Hu Ping , Zhou Xianjian , Wu Ping , Si Xinxin , Lu Bo , Zhu Yanxi , Xia Yanli 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Aconitum carmichaelii has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating various diseases for several thousand years. The biosynthetic pathway of some alkaloids such as C19-diterpenoid alkaloids has been reported, but pathways in different varieties of A. carmichaelii remain unknown. Herein, we performed transcriptome analysis of varieties A. carmichaelii and characterized the biosynthetic pathway of salsolinol. The results expand our knowledge of alkaloids biosynthesis, and provide a theoretical basis for analysing differences in alkaloids biosynthesis patterns in different varieties.

Results

A total of 56 million raw reads (8.28 G) and 55 million clean reads (8.24 G) were obtained from two varieties (Z175 and R184) leaf transcriptomes, respectively, and 176,793 unigenes were annotated using six protein databases. This yielded 6,873 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two varieties, of which 281 are involved in the salsolinol biosynthetic pathway, including 158 and 75 related to glycolysis and the shikimate pathway, respectively. Furthermore, 843 DEGs were found to be involved in the formation of C19-diterpenoid alkaloids, with 34 differed between the two varieties. These target genes were analysed to explore differences in C19-diterpenoid alkaloid biosynthesis in Z175 and R184. In addition, 322 DEGs encoding transcription factors potentially related to alkaloid accumulation were identified.

Conclusions

The biosynthesis pathway for C19-diterpenoid alkaloids and salsolinol included 34 and 24 DEGs in Z175 and R184, respectively. Thus, genes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis and accumulation differ between varieties. The mechanisms underlying the differences and their relevance require further exploration.