bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvements in the HIV care continuum needed to meaningfully reduce HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in Baltimore, US: a modelling study for HPTN 078
Authors: Mitchell Kate M , Hoots Brooke , Dimitrov Dobromir , German Danielle , Flynn Colin , Farley Jason E , Gelman Marcy , Hughes James P , Donnell Deborah , Adeyeye Adeola , Remien Robert H , Beyrer Chris , Paz‐Bailey Gabriela , Boily Marie‐Claude 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionHIV prevalence is high among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, and the levels of viral suppression among HIV‐positive MSM are relatively low. The HIV Prevention Trials Network 078 trial seeks to increase the levels of viral suppression among US MSM by increasing the rates of diagnosis and linkage to care and treatment. We estimated the increases in viral suppression needed to reach different HIV incidence reduction targets, and the impact of meeting diagnosis and treatment targets.MethodsWe used a mathematical model of HIV transmission among MSM from Baltimore, US, parameterised with behavioural data and fitted to HIV prevalence and care continuum data for Baltimore wherever possible, to project increases in viral suppression needed to reduce the HIV incidence rate among Baltimore MSM by 10, 20, 30 or 50% after 2, 5 and 10 years. We also projected HIV incidence reductions achieved if US national targets – 90% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) know their HIV serostatus, 90% of those diagnosed are retained in HIV medical care and 80% of those diagnosed are virally suppressed – or UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 targets (90% of PLHIV know their status, 90% of those diagnosed receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), 90% of those receiving ART are virally suppressed) are each met by 2020.ResultsTo reduce the HIV incidence rate by 20% and 50% after five years (compared with the base‐case at the same time point), the proportion of all HIV‐positive MSM who are virally suppressed must increase above 2015 levels by a median 13 percentage points (95% uncertainty interval 9 to 16 percentage points) from median 49% to 60%, and 27 percentage points (22 to 35) from 49% to 75% respectively. Meeting all three US or 90‐90‐90 UNAIDS targets results in a 48% (31% to 63%) and 51% (38% to 65%) HIV incidence rate reduction in 2020 respectively.ConclusionsSubstantial improvements in levels of viral suppression will be needed to achieve significant incidence reductions among MSM in Baltimore, and to meet 2020 US and UNAIDS targets. Future modelling studies should additionally consider the impact of pre‐exposure prophylaxis for MSM.
Dipolar DC induced collisional activation of non‐dissociated electron‐transfer products
Authors: Adhikari Sarju , Dziekonski Eric T. , Londry Frank A. , McLuckey Scott A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe application of electron transfer and dipolar direct current induced collisional activation (ET‐DDC) for enhanced sequence coverage of peptide/protein cations is described. A DDC potential is applied across one pair of opposing rods in the high‐pressure collision cell of a hybrid quadrupole/time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometer (QqTOF) to induce collisional activation, in conjunction with electron transfer reactions. As a broadband technique, DDC can be employed for the simultaneous collisional activation of all the first‐generation charge‐reduced precursor ions (eg, electron transfer no‐dissociation or ETnoD products) from electron transfer reactions over a relatively broad mass‐to‐charge range. A systematic study of ET‐DDC induced collision activation on peptide/protein cations revealed an increase in the variety (and abundances) of sequence informative fragment ions, mainly c‐ and z‐type fragment ions, relative to products derived directly via electron transfer dissociation (ETD). Compared with ETD, which has low dissociation efficiency for low‐charge‐state precursor ions, ET‐DDC also showed marked improvement, providing a sequence coverage of 80% to 85% for all the charge states of ubiquitin. Overall, this method provides a simple means for the broadband collisional activation of ETnoD ions in the same collision cell in which they are generated for improved structural characterization of polypeptide and protein cations subjected to ETD.
Changes in the profiling of bioactive components with the roasting process in Lycium chinense leaves and the anti‐obesity effect of its bioaccessible fractions
Authors: Choi Eun‐Hye , Lee Da‐Yeon , Park Hee‐Sook , Shim Soon‐Mi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the profiles of bioactive components in roasted Lycium chinense leaves (LCLs) and its in vitro anti‐obesity activity after digestion processes.ResultsChlorogenic acid, kaempferol‐3‐sophoroside‐7‐glucoside, kaempferol‐3‐sophoroside, and kaempferol‐3‐glucoside were discovered as bioactive components in various ratios of ethanol (EtOH) extract in LCLs by using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization–mass spectrophotometry (UPLC‐ESI–MS). The roasting process followed by a 30% EtOH extraction tended to decrease the content of chlorogenic acid and kaempferol‐3‐glucoside, and enhanced the content of kaempferol‐3‐sophoroside‐7‐glucoside. It effectively inhibited pancreatic lipase activity by 62.50 ± 4.81%, which was approximately 1.71 percentage points higher than that of the dried‐nonroasted LCL extract (60.79 ± 3.75%). Its bioaccessible fraction obtained from in vitro digestion significantly and dose dependently reduced intracellular lipid accumulation by adipocyte 3T3‐L1 compared with a 30% EtOH extraction. At a concentration of 200 μg mL−1, it inhibited lipid accumulation up to 29.55% in 3T3‐L1 cells, which indicated that human digestive enzymes converted kaempferol‐3‐sophoroside‐7‐glucoside to kaempferol metabolites that have anti‐obesity effects.ConclusionThis study suggests that the profiling of bioactive components by processing methods and a bioaccessible fraction could be crucial to improve the bioactivity of LCLs, and potentially be a natural anti‐obesity ingredient after oral intake. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Recognition pest by image‐based transfer learning
Authors: Dawei Wang , Limiao Deng , Jiangong Ni , Jiyue Gao , Hongfei Zhu , Zhongzhi Han 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant pests mainly refers to insects and mites that harm crops and products. There are a wide variety of plant pests, with wide distribution, fast reproduction and large quantity, which directly causes serious losses to crops. Therefore, pest recognition is very important for crops to grow healthily, and this in turn affects crop yields and quality. At present, it is a great challenge to realize accurate and reliable pest identification.RESULTSIn this study, we put forward a diagnostic system based on transfer learning for pest detection and recognition. This method is able to train and test ten types of pests and achieves an accuracy of 93.84%. We compared this transfer learning method with human experts and a traditional neural network model. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is comparable to human experts and the traditional neural network. To verify the general adaptability of this model, we used our model to recognize two types of weeds: Sisymbrium sophia and Procumbent Speedwell, and achieved an accuracy of 98.92%.CONCLUSIONThe proposed method can provide evidence for the control of pests and weeds and the precise spraying of pesticides. Thus, it provides reliable technical support for precision agriculture. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A deep learning method for prediction of three‐dimensional dose distribution of helical tomotherapy
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Fan Jiawei , Li Minghui , Yan Hui , Hu Zhihui , Huang Peng , Tian Yuan , Miao Junjie , Dai Jianrong 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo develop a deep learning method for prediction of three‐dimensional (3D) voxel‐by‐voxel dose distributions of helical tomotherapy (HT).MethodsUsing previously treated HT plans as training data, a deep learning model named U‐ResNet‐D was trained to predict a 3D dose distribution. First, the contoured structures and dose volumes were converted from plan database to 3D matrix with a program based on a developed visualization toolkit (VTK), then transferred to U‐ResNet‐D for correlating anatomical features and dose distributions at voxel‐level. One hundred and ninety nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients treated by HT with multiple planning target volumes (PTVs) in different prescription patterns were studied. The model was typically trained from scratch with weights randomly initialized rather than using transfer‐learning method, and used to predict new patient's 3D dose distributions. The predictive accuracy was evaluated with three methods: (a) The dose difference at the position r, δ(r, r) = Dc(r) − Dp(r), was calculated for each voxel. The mean (μδ(r,r)) and standard deviation (σδ(r,r)) of δ(r, r) were calculated to assess the prediction bias and precision; (b) The mean absolute differences of dosimetric indexes (DIs) including maximum and mean dose, homogeneity index, conformity index, and dose spillage for PTVs and organ at risks (OARs) were calculated and statistically analyzed with the paired‐samples t test; (c) Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) between predicted and clinical isodose volumes were calculated.ResultsThe U‐ResNet‐D model predicted 3D dose distribution accurately. For twenty tested patients, the prediction bias ranged from −2.0% to 2.3% and prediction error varied from 1.5% to 4.5% (relative to prescription) for 3D dose differences. The mean absolute dose differences for PTVs and OARs are within 2.0% and 4.2%, and nearly all the DIs for PTVs and OARs had no significant differences. The averaged DSC ranged from 0.95 to 1 for different isodose volumes.ConclusionsThe study developed a new deep learning method for 3D voxel‐by‐voxel dose prediction, and shown to be able to produce accurately dose predictions for nasopharyngeal patients treated by HT. The predicted 3D dose map can be useful for improving radiotherapy planning design, ensuring plan quality and consistency, making clinical technique comparison, and guiding automatic treatment planning.
NMR study of fresh cut salads: Influence of temperature and storage time on leaf structure and water distribution in escarole
Authors: Sorin Clément , Mariette François , Musse Maja 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConsumption of fresh‐cut vegetables has rapidly increased over the past decades. Among salads, escarole is one of the most popular varieties. Specific packaging limits gas exchange and consequently water loss and bacterial respiration, increasing the shelf life of salads. Although the major cause of quality loss for minimally processed salads is the leaf textural changes, this aspect has rarely been investigated. Therefore, investigating structural changes of leaves during storage is important in order to understand and minimize quality loss of salads. In this study, we focused on the impact of storage duration and temperature on the escarole leaf structure. The complex leaf structure was investigated by relaxation NMR, via transverse relaxation times, which allows the specific description of vacuolar water compartment of the cell. The storage duration (maximum 12 days) and temperatures (4°C, 7°C, 10°C, and 12°C) have been chosen in order to represent the conditions registered in factory. The results showed that the temperature did not have significant impact on the salad structure during the first week. During the second week, changes in the water distribution and changes in the relaxation time T2 have been observed. The changes in transverse relaxation times associated with vacuolar water are related to lost of cell membrane and wall integrity. The NMR results confirmed the effect of storage temperature on the degradation process of the cell before visual detection of the salad leaf degradation. The present study confirmed the sensibility of NMR relaxometry for monitoring water changes in the leaf.
Enhanced dielectric performance and energy storage of PVDF‐HFP‐based composites induced by surface charged Al2O3
Authors: Li Jialong , Yin Jinghua , Yang Chen , Li Na , Feng Yu , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhao He , Li Yanpeng , Zhu Congcong , Yue Dong , Su Bo , Liu Xiaoxu 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn order to enhance dielectric properties and energy storage density of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoro propylene) (PVDF‐HFP), surface charged gas‐phase Al2O3 nanoparticles (GP‐Al2O3, with positive surface charges, ε’ ≈ 10) are selected as fillers to fabricate PVDF‐HFP‐based composites via simple physical blending and hot‐molding techniques. The results show that GP‐Al2O3 are dispersed homogeneously in the PVDF‐HFP matrix and the existence of nanoscale interface layer (matrix‐filler) is investigated by SAXS. The dielectric constant of the composites filled with 10 wt % GP‐Al2O3 is 100.5 at 1 Hz, which is 5.6 times higher than that of pure PVDF‐HFP. The maximum energy storage density of the composite is 4.06 J cm−3 at an electrical field of 900 kV mm−1 with GP‐Al2O3 content of 1 wt %. Experimental results show that GP‐Al2O3 could induce uniform fillers’ distribution and increase the concentration of electroactive β‐phase as well as enhance interfacial polarization in the matrix, which resulted in enhancements of dielectric constant and energy storage density of the PVDF‐HFP composites. This work demonstrates that surface charged inorganic‐oxide nanoparticles exhibit promising potential in fabricating ferroelectric polymer composites with relatively high dielectric constant and energy storage. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 574–583
Population genetic structure and demographic history of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): implications for insect resistance management programs
Authors: Arias Osmar , Cordeiro Erick , Corrêa Alberto S , Domingues Felipe A , Guidolin Aline S , Omoto Celso 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpodoptera frugiperda is a destructive pest that often imposes difficult management due to its high polyphagy and rapid insecticide resistance evolution. Knowledge of species diversification, population structure, and host preference can aid efforts to manage pest populations. Here, we investigated the patterns of hybridization, genetic structure, and gene flow in S. frugiperda populations, discussing how we can apply this knowledge to insect resistance management programs in South America.ResultsThe corn‐strain CS‐h2 of S. frugiperda was the most frequent haplotype in all sampled populations. Spodoptera frugiperda populations are experiencing demographic expansion, and the ecoregions partially explain the genetic structure and not strains. We did not find a correlation between gene flow and susceptibility levels to flubendiamide and lufenuron insecticides, but populations with high LC50 sent a great number of migrants to all other locations, maintaining resistance alleles in the geographic range.ConclusionHigh levels of population admixture, including between corn‐ and rice‐strains, were found in sampled populations. We showed that S. frugiperda immigrants will not necessarily cause an increase in LC50 upon arrival in a new location but will assure the constant presence of resistance alleles in the area. Increases in LC50 largely depend on the local pesticide management adopted in the areas. Our results indicate that pesticide resistance management must be adopted on a local or small regional scale. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Urea-De-Epithelialized Human Amniotic Membrane for Ocular Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Bandeira Francisco , Yam Gary Hin-Fai , Fuest Matthias , Ong Hon Shing , Liu Yu-Chi , Seah Xin-Yi , Shen Sunny Y. , Mehta Jodhbir S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The conjunctiva is a clear tissue covering the white part of the eye and lines the back of the eyelids. Conjunctival diseases, such as symblepharon, cause inflammation, discharges, and photophobia. The treatment often requires excision of large parts of conjunctiva. Tissue engineering of conjunctival cells using human amniotic membrane (HAM) denuded of its epithelium as a basement membrane scaffold has been shown to be effective for covering conjunctival defects. However, most epithelial denudation protocols are time-consuming and expensive or compromise HAM’s basement membrane structure and matrix components. We have previously described a method to de-epithelialize HAM using ice-cold urea (uHAM). In this report, we used this method to provide tissue-engineered constructs with cultivated conjunctival epithelial cells on uHAM in two patients, one with a giant conjunctival nevus and the other with a large symblepharon. Autologous conjunctival epithelial cells harvested from incisional biopsies of these two patients were cultured on the uHAM scaffold. The transplantation of tissue-engineered constructs to patients’ ocular surface immediately after the removal of lesions showed successful reconstruction of the ocular surface. Postoperatively, there were neither recurrence of lesions nor epithelial defects throughout the follow-up (up to 7 and 19 months, respectively). This report highlights the translational potential of an efficient and inexpensive method to prepare de-epithelialized HAM as a basement membrane scaffold for cell-based tissue-engineered treatments of ocular surface disorders. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:620&626
A new Cathaysiorthis (Brachiopoda) fauna from the lower Llandovery of eastern Qinling, China
Authors: Huang Bing , Harper David A. T. , Zhou Hang‐Hang , Zhan Ren‐Bin , Wang Yi , Tang Peng , Ma Jun‐Ye , Wang Guang‐Xu , Chen Di , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Luan Xiao‐Cong , Rong Jia‐Yu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFollowing the end Ordovician mass extinction, brachiopod faunas were commonly of low diversity, generally rare in abundance, and restricted to shallow‐water environments in many places. The Cathaysiorthis fauna, first described from South East China, is the most diverse brachiopod fauna in the world succeeding the Hirnantia fauna, and has modified our previous views on the recovery of shelly benthos after the extinctions. Here, we report a newly‐discovered fauna with abundant Cathaysiorthis from the lower Zhangwan Formation (lower–middle Rhuddanian, lower Llandovery) in Qinling, Xichuan County, Henan Province, China. This fauna is slightly younger than that previously documented from South East China, and the evolution of Cathaysiorthis fauna, in terms of its composition, is discussed. The Qinling Cathaysiorthis fauna has a narrower bathymetric range (Benthic Assemblage Zone 3) than that of the fauna from South East China (BA 2–5) and occurred on the Qinling–Dabie Microplate located on the northwest margin of the South China Plate. The migration of the Cathaysiorthis fauna from the South China plate to Qinling–Dabie was achieved by larvae that used ambient ocean currents and possibly drifted from the Jiangnan Region of South East China to Qinling. The Qinling Cathaysiorthis fauna includes 13 species belonging to 12 genera. Two new species, Cathaysiorthis xichuanensis sp. nov. and Aegiria apta sp. nov. are established and described herein, and ten other species are discussed.
Concepts, Conceptions and Self-Knowledge
Authors: Sawyer Sarah 
Published: March 2019

AbstractContent externalism implies first, that there is a distinction between concepts and conceptions, and second, that there is a distinction between thoughts and states of mind. The implications require us to rethink the nature of self-knowledge. In this paper, I argue for the partial-representation theory of self-knowledge, according to which the self-ascription of a thought is authoritative when it is based on a conscious, occurrent thought in virtue of which it partially represents an underlying state of mind. The model of self-knowledge I provide accommodates the distinction between concepts and conceptions and the distinction between thoughts and states of mind, and it also offers a middle path between absolute epistemic security on the one hand, and scepticism about first-personal self-knowledge on the other.
Critical assessment of the surgical treatment of low rectal adenocarcinoma in a reference hospital in Recife
Authors: Marques Thiago Alexandre Martins , Lucena Maurilio Toscano de , Silva Mauricio Jose de Matos e , Carvalho Joaquim Herbenio Costa , Carvalho Ana Rita Marinho Ribeiro , Barros Juscielle de Souza 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the rates of abdominoperineal resection in patients with low rectal adenocarcinoma at the Hospital Barão de Lucena – SES/PE.
Methodology This is a study based on the analysis of medical records of patients with low rectal adenocarcinoma submitted to surgical treatment at the Hospital Barão de Lucena Coloproctology Service between 2013 and 2016.
Results It was observed that 77.5% of patients underwent abdominoperineal resection and 22.5% underwent anal sparing surgery. Most of the patients were male (62.5%), were under 70 years old (72.5%), presented a BMI less than 30 kg/m2 (87.5%), presented American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score I and III (82.5%), Rullier classification from I to III (95%) and TNM different from T1–T3 (95%). In 92.5% of medical records, there was no record of fecal continence before surgery. The most frequent period between the end of the radiotherapy and the surgery was over 11 weeks (57.5%); the most common distance from the tumor to the anal margin was between 3.1 and 4.0 cm (35% of patients).
Conclusion There was a high rate of non-sparing anal sphincter surgeries. The only predictive factor for abdominoperineal resection was the presence of tumors classified as Rullier type III and IV.