bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FCC to BCC transformation-induced plasticity based on thermodynamic phase stability in novel V10Cr10Fe45CoxNi35−x medium-entropy alloys
Authors: Jo Y. H. , Choi W. M. , Kim D. G. , Zargaran A. , Sohn S. S. , Kim H. S. , Lee B. J. , Kim N. J. , Lee S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe introduce a novel transformation-induced plasticity mechanism, i.e., a martensitic transformation from fcc phase to bcc phase, in medium-entropy alloys (MEAs). A VCrFeCoNi MEA system is designed by thermodynamic calculations in consideration of phase stability between bcc and fcc phases. The resultantly formed bcc martensite favorably contributes to the transformation-induced plasticity, thereby leading to a significant enhancement in both strength and ductility as well as strain hardening. We reveal the microstructural evolutions according to the Co-Ni balance and their contributions to a mechanical response. The Co-Ni balance plays a leading role in phase stability and consequently tunes the cryogenic-temperature strength-ductility balance. The main difference from recently-reported metastable high-entropy dual-phase alloys is the formation of bcc martensite as a daughter phase, which shows significant effects on strain hardening. The hcp phase in the present MEA mostly acts as a nucleation site for the bcc martensite. Our findings demonstrate that the fcc to bcc transformation can be an attractive route to a new MEA design strategy for improving cryogenic strength-ductility.
Characterization of biventricular alterations in myocardial (reverse) remodelling in aortic banding-induced chronic pressure overload
Authors: Miranda-Silva Daniela , Gonçalves-Rodrigues Patrícia , Almeida-Coelho João , Hamdani Nazha , Lima Tânia , Conceição Glória , Sousa-Mendes Cláudia , Cláudia-Moura  , González Arantxa , Díez Javier , Linke Wolfgang A. , Leite-Moreira Adelino , Falcão-Pires Inês 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAortic Stenosis (AS) is the most frequent valvulopathy in the western world. Traditionally aortic valve replacement (AVR) has been recommended immediately after the onset of heart failure (HF) symptoms. However, recent evidence suggests that AVR outcome can be improved if performed earlier. After AVR, the process of left ventricle (LV) reverse remodelling (RR) is variable and frequently incomplete. In this study, we aimed at detecting mechanism underlying the process of LV RR regarding myocardial structural, functional and molecular changes before the onset of HF symptoms. Wistar-Han rats were subjected to 7-weeks of ascending aortic-banding followed by a 2-week period of debanding to resemble AS-induced LV remodelling and the early events of AVR-induced RR, respectively. This resulted in 3 groups: Sham (n = 10), Banding (Ba, n = 15) and Debanding (Deb, n = 10). Concentric hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction (DD) were patent in the Ba group. Aortic-debanding induced RR, which promoted LV functional recovery, while cardiac structure did not normalise. Cardiac parameters of RV dysfunction, assessed by echocardiography and at the cardiomyocyte level prevailed altered after debanding. After debanding, these alterations were accompanied by persistent changes in pathways associated to myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and LV inflammation. Aortic banding induced pulmonary arterial wall thickness to increase and correlates negatively with effort intolerance and positively with E/e′ and left atrial area. We described dysregulated pathways in LV and RV remodelling and RR after AVR. Importantly we showed important RV-side effects of aortic constriction, highlighting the impact that LV-reverse remodelling has on both ventricles.
Dynamical Quantum Phase Transition and Quasi Particle Excitation
Authors: Jafari R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDynamical phase transitions (DPTs) are signaled by the non-analytical time evolution of the dynamical free energy after quenching some global parameters in quantum systems. The dynamical free energy is calculated from the overlap between the initial and the time evolved states (Loschmidt amplitude). In a recent study it was suggested that DPTs are related to the equilibrium phase transitions (EPTs) (Heyl, M. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 135704 (2013)). We here study an exactly solvable model, the extended XY model, the Loschmidt amplitude of which provides a counterexample. We show analytically that the connection between the DPTs and the EPTs does not hold generally. Analysing also the general compass model as a second example, assists us to propound the physical condition under which the DPT occurs without crossing the equilibrium critical point, and also no DPT by crossing the equilibrium critical point.
A familial congenital heart disease with a possible multigenic origin involving a mutation in BMPR1A
Authors: Demal Till Joscha , Heise Melina , Reiz Benedikt , Dogra Deepika , Brænne Ingrid , Reichenspurner Hermann , Männer Jörg , Aherrahrou Zouhair , Schunkert Heribert , Erdmann Jeanette , Abdelilah-Seyfried Salim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe genetics of many congenital heart diseases (CHDs) can only unsatisfactorily be explained by known chromosomal or Mendelian syndromes. Here, we present sequencing data of a family with a potentially multigenic origin of CHD. Twelve of nineteen family members carry a familial mutation [NM_004329.2:c.1328 G > A (p.R443H)] which encodes a predicted deleterious variant of BMPR1A. This mutation co-segregates with a linkage region on chromosome 1 that associates with the emergence of severe CHDs including Ebstein’s anomaly, atrioventricular septal defect, and others. We show that the continuous overexpression of the zebrafish homologous mutation bmpr1aap.R438H within endocardium causes a reduced AV valve area, a downregulation of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling at the AV canal, and growth of additional tissue mass in adult zebrafish hearts. This finding opens the possibility of testing genetic interactions between BMPR1A and other candidate genes within linkage region 1 which may provide a first step towards unravelling more complex genetic patterns in cardiovascular disease aetiology.
Ample glycosylation in membrane and cell envelope proteins may explain the phenotypic diversity and virulence in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Authors: Birhanu Alemayehu Godana , Yimer Solomon Abebe , Kalayou Shewit , Riaz Tahira , Zegeye Ephrem Debebe , Holm-Hansen Carol , Norheim Gunnstein , Aseffa Abraham , Abebe Markos , Tønjum Tone 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMultiple regulatory mechanisms including post-translational modifications (PTMs) confer complexity to the simpler genomes and proteomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). PTMs such as glycosylation play a significant role in Mtb adaptive processes. The glycoproteomic patterns of clinical isolates of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) representing the lineages 3, 4, 5 and 7 were characterized by mass spectrometry. A total of 2944 glycosylation events were discovered in 1325 proteins. This data set represents the highest number of glycosylated proteins identified in Mtb to date. O-glycosylation constituted 83% of the events identified, while 17% of the sites were N-glycosylated. This is the first report on N-linked protein glycosylation in Mtb and in Gram-positive bacteria. Collectively, the bulk of Mtb glycoproteins are involved in cell envelope biosynthesis, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, two-component systems, and pathogen-host interaction that are either surface exposed or located in the cell wall. Quantitative glycoproteomic analysis revealed that 101 sites on 67 proteins involved in Mtb fitness and survival were differentially glycosylated between the four lineages, among which 64% were cell envelope and membrane proteins. The differential glycosylation pattern may contribute to phenotypic variabilities across Mtb lineages. The study identified several clinically important membrane-associated glycolipoproteins that are relevant for diagnostics as well as for drug and vaccine discovery.
The MFS efflux pump EmrKY contributes to the survival of Shigella within macrophages
Authors: Pasqua Martina , Grossi Milena , Scinicariello Sara , Aussel Laurent , Barras Frédéric , Colonna Bianca , Prosseda Gianni 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEfflux pumps are membrane protein complexes conserved in all living organisms. Beyond being involved in antibiotic extrusion in several bacteria, efflux pumps are emerging as relevant players in pathogen-host interactions. We have investigated on the possible role of the efflux pump network in Shigella flexneri, the etiological agent of bacillary dysentery. We have found that S. flexneri has retained 14 of the 20 pumps characterized in Escherichia coli and that their expression is differentially modulated during the intracellular life of Shigella. In particular, the emrKY operon, encoding an efflux pump of the Major Facilitator Superfamily, is specifically and highly induced in Shigella-infected U937 macrophage-like cells and is activated in response to a combination of high K+ and acidic pH, which are sensed by the EvgS/EvgA two-component system. Notably, we show that following S. flexneri infection, macrophage cytosol undergoes a mild reduction of intracellular pH, permitting EvgA to trigger the emrKY activation. Finally, we present data suggesting that EmrKY is required for the survival of Shigella in the harsh macrophage environment, highlighting for the first time the key role of an efflux pump during the Shigella invasive process.
Bipolaron Dynamics in Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Silva Gesiel Gomes , Ribeiro Junior Luiz Antonio , Pereira Junior Marcelo Lopes , Fonseca Antonio Luciano de Almeida , de Sousa Júnior Rafael Timóteo , Silva Geraldo Magela e 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are two-dimensional structures with a rich variety of electronic properties that derive from their semiconducting band gaps. In these materials, charge transport can occur via a hopping process mediated by carriers formed by self-interacting states between the excess charge and local lattice deformations. Here, we use a two-dimensional tight-binding approach to reveal the formation of bipolarons in GNRs. Our results show that the formed bipolarons are dynamically stable even for high electric field strengths when it comes to GNRs. Remarkably, the bipolaron dynamics can occur in acoustic and optical regimes concerning its saturation velocity. The phase transition between these two regimes takes place for a critical field strength in which the bipolaron moves roughly with the speed of sound in the material.
Enhancing bioactivity, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties of a nano-sized, anti-VEGFR2 Adnectin, through PASylation technology
Authors: Aghaabdollahian Safieh , Ahangari Cohan Reza , Norouzian Dariush , Davami Fatemeh , Asadi Karam Mohammad Reza , Torkashvand Fatemeh , Vaseghi Golnaz , Moazzami Reza , Latif Dizaji Sakineh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe crucial role of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling in the angiogenesis and metastasis of solid tumors has prompted the development of inhibitors with minimal bystander effects. Recently, Adnectin C has attracted attention for cancer treatment. To overcome the problematic properties of Adnectin, a novel form of Adnectin C has been designed by its fusion to a biodegradable polymeric peptide containing Pro/Ala/Ser (PAS) repetitive residues.E. coli-expressed recombinant fused and unfused proteins were compared in terms of bioactivity, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties using standard methods. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of PASylated adnectin C revealed an approximate 2-fold increase in particle size with a slight change in the net charge. Additionally, fusion of the PAS sequence improved its stability against the growth of thermo-induced aggregated forms. The high receptor-binding and improved binding kinetic parameters of PASylated Adnectin C was confirmed by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance assays, respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a noticeable increase in the terminal half-life of Adnectin C-PAS#1(200) by a factor of 4.57 after single dose by intravenous injection into female BALB/c mice. The results suggest that PASylation could offer a superior delivery strategy for developing Adnectin-derived drugs with improved patient compliance.
Bovine leukemia virus DNA associated with breast cancer in women from South Brazil
Authors: Schwingel Daniela , Andreolla Ana P. , Erpen Luana M. S. , Frandoloso Rafael , Kreutz Luiz C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBreast cancer is a neoplastic condition with a high morbidity and mortality amongst women worldwide. Recent data linking bovine leukemia virus (BLV) with breast cancer has been contested already. Our study investigated the presence of BLV genome in healthy (n = 72) and cancerous (n = 72) paraffin-embedded samples of breast tissues from women in south Brazil. BLV DNA was found most frequently (30.5%) in breast cancer tissue than in healthy breast (13.9%) (Odds ratio = 2.73; confidence interval = 1.18–6.29; p = 0.027). In contrast, antibodies to BLV were found in a very small percentage of healthy blood donors. There was no association between BLV DNA and other tumor prognostic biological markers such as hormonal receptors, HER2 oncoprotein, proliferation index, metastasis in sentinels lymph nodes, and tumor grade and size. Our findings suggest that BLV should be considered a potential predisposing factor to breast cancer in women.
Human blood plasma catalyses the degradation of Lycopodium plant sporoderm microcapsules
Authors: Fan Teng-Fei , Potroz Michael G. , Tan Ee-Lin , Park Jae H. , Miyako Eijiro , Cho Nam-Joon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPlant sporoderm are among the most robust biomaterials in nature. We investigate the erosion of Lycopodium sporoderm microcapsules (SDMCs) triggered by human blood plasma. Dynamic image particle analysis (DIPA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrate the degradation events, suggesting bulk erosion as the dominant mechanism for SDMCs fragmentation in human blood. These results should prove valuable in discerning the behaviour of SDMCs in potential biological applications.
Linking Binary Gene Relationships to Drivers of Renal Cell Carcinoma Reveals Convergent Function in Alternate Tumor Progression Paths
Authors: Poehlman William L. , Hsieh James J. , Feltus F. Alex 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes are characterized by distinct molecular profiles. Using RNA expression profiles from 1,009 RCC samples, we constructed a condition-annotated gene coexpression network (GCN). The RCC GCN contains binary gene coexpression relationships (edges) specific to conditions including RCC subtype and tumor stage. As an application of this resource, we discovered RCC GCN edges and modules that were associated with genetic lesions in known RCC driver genes, including VHL, a common initiating clear cell RCC (ccRCC) genetic lesion, and PBRM1 and BAP1 which are early genetic lesions in the Braided Cancer River Model (BCRM). Since ccRCC tumors with PBRM1 mutations respond to targeted therapy differently than tumors with BAP1 mutations, we focused on ccRCC-specific edges associated with tumors that exhibit alternate mutation profiles: VHL-PBRM1 or VHL-BAP1. We found specific blends molecular functions associated with these two mutation paths. Despite these mutation-associated edges having unique genes, they were enriched for the same immunological functions suggesting a convergent functional role for alternate gene sets consistent with the BCRM. The condition annotated RCC GCN described herein is a novel data mining resource for the assignment of polygenic biomarkers and their relationships to RCC tumors with specific molecular and mutational profiles.
Arzneimittelzulassung in Europa
Authors: Leippert Claudia 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ein Kongressbeitrag auf dem FEND 2018 (dem Kongress der „Foundation of European Nurses in Diabetes“, ein europäischer Kongress für nicht-ärztliche Diabetesexperten) handelte von der Europäischen Arzneimittelagentur („European Medical Agency“; EMA) und ihren Aufgaben. Die EMA ist im medizinischen Alltag nicht sehr präsent, spielt jedoch für die meisten Health Care Professionals (HCPs) tatsächlich eine gewisse Rolle.
Das Prader-Labhart-Willi-Syndrom (PWS)
Authors: Kiess W. , Gesing J. , Körner A. , Sergeyev E. , Merkenschlager A. , Kapellen T. , Pfäffle R. 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungGenetische Erkrankungen, die mit Adipositas einhergehen, sind nicht selten. Viele dieser Adipositas-Syndrome weisen ein charakteristisches Präsentationsalter, einen komplexen Phänotyp, zum Teil aber auch eine überlappende klinische Symptomatologie auf. Letztere Tatsache unterstreicht, dass bei einigen dieser Syndrome gemeinsame zelluläre Signalübertragungswege gestört und betroffen sind. Die Ursache der Adipositas ist zumeist eine gestörte Appetit- und Sättigungsregulation im Zentralnervensystem (Hypothalamus). Wenn die genetischen Hintergründe dieser Syndrome einmal komplett verstanden sind, werden neue Ursachen-bezogene Therapien verfügbar sein. Das Prader-Labhart-Willi-Syndrom (PWS) ist das häufigste Adipositas-Syndrom und wird durch einen Verlust an „Imprinted”-Genen auf dem Chromosom 15q11-13 verursacht. Die Häufigkeit des PWS beläuft sich auf ca. 1 in 30.000 Lebendgeborenen. Weitere genetische Adipositas-Syndrome sind zum Beispiel das Alström-Syndrom, das Cohen-Syndrom, die Albright’s hereditäre Osteodystrophie (Pseudohypopa-rathyreoidismus) und das Carpenter-Syndrom. Außerdem gehören das MOMO-Syndrom, das Rubinstein-Taybi-Syndrom und Deletionen auf den Chromosomen 1, 2, 6 und 9 sowie weitere genetische Syndrome zu den Adipositas-Syndromen. Im Neugeborenenalter und in der frühen Kindheit sind eine auffallende muskuläre Hypotonie, typische faziale Auffälligkeiten wie mandelförmige Augen, sowie eine helle Hautfarbe und schmale Finger und Zehen hinweisend. Im Kleinkindes- und im Schulkindalter fallen eine zunehmende Hyperphagie mit der daraus folgenden Adipositas und die kognitiven Defizite mit Sprachverzögerung und verzögertem Erreichen der Entwicklungs-Meilensteine auf. Im späten Schulalter sind neben der mentalen Retardierung Verhaltensauffälligkeiten für die Familien der Betroffenen belastend. Hypogonadismus oder eine zu früh einsetzende Pubertät mit späterem Abbrechen der Pubertätsentwicklung oder ein PWS-assoziierter Diabetes kommen häufig vor. Multidisziplinäre Therapiestrategien umfassen Physio- und Ergotherapie, Logopädie, eine bereits früh zu beginnende Wachstums-Hormontherapie, begleitende Betreuung an einem Sozialpädiatrischen Zentrum mit Zugang zu sozialmedizinischer Versorgung mit Sozialarbeit und der Mitarbeit von Psychologen und Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatern sind heute der Standard in der Betreuung von PatientInnen mit PWS und ihren Familien. Die deutsche Prader-Willi-Vereinigung ist eine Selbsthilfegruppe mit einem breiten Netzwerk von betroffenen Familien und Unterstützern. Sie bietet hervorragende Hilfsstrategien und Unterstützung für Betroffene und ihre Familien. In der hier vorliegenden kurzen Abhandlung sollen wichtige Kerndaten zum PWS für die Früherkennung und praktische Arbeit mit den Betroffenen zusammengefasst werden.
Volvulus der Kolonscheibe bei einem
Zwergziegenbock
Authors: Wagener Matthias Gerhard , Grimm Lucie Marie , Koch Wibke , Blume Robert , Altrock Alexandra von , Meilwes Johanna , Punsmann Teresa , Schwennen Cornelia , Kloker Anja , Ganter Martin 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungBei kleinen Wiederkäuern ist ein Volvulus des Darms ein seltener, in der
Literatur nur vereinzelt dokumentierter Befund. Der Bericht beschreibt den Fall
eines Volvulus der Kolonscheibe bei einer Zwergziege. Das Tier zeigte ein
hochgradig gestörtes Allgemeinbefinden mit Schockgeschehen und wies ein
schmerzhaftes Abdomen sowie eine ballonartige Struktur im rechten dorsalen
Abdomen auf. Bei der diagnostischen Laparotomie wurde eine Rotation der
Kolonscheibe um 360° nach rechts diagnostiziert. Das Tier starb intraoperativ an
einem Herz-Kreislauf-Versagen. Die Ursache des Volvulus bleibt ungeklärt.
Neues zur Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Gausche R. , Beger C. , Kess A. , Körner A. , Kiess W. 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie hohe Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas gehört mit ihren Konsequenzen für Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie seit längerer Zeit zu den großen Herausforderungen in der Pädiatrie. Der nachweisbare Anstieg der Prävalenz bis in die frühen 2000er-Jahre setzt sich in Ländern mit hohem Einkommensniveau momentan nicht weiter fort. Für Deutschland bestätigen insbesondere die Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie, die Analyse der Schulaufnahmedaten und die Auswertungen aus dem kinderärztlichen Netzwerk CrescNet dieses Untersuchungsergebnis. Einige Arbeiten belegen den Anstieg der Prävalenz extremer Adipositas bzw. die Zunahme abdomineller Adipositas bei jüngeren Kindern. Auswertungen aus dem Kinderärztenetzwerk bestätigen den Stabilisierungstrend. Bei Beurteilung in den Kategorien Übergewicht (p90-< 97), Adipositas (p97-p99,5) und extremer Adipositas (> p99,5) konnten eine prozentuale Zunahme extremer Adipositas bei älteren Kindern (11-17 Jahre) und eine Zunahme von Kindern mit Messwerten zwischen der 90. und 97. Perzentile in der Altersgruppe 0-2 festgestellt werden.
Zahnärztliche Notfälle auf Reisen
Authors: Strobel Sabrina 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungZahnmedizinische Notfälle auf Reisen können die Betroffenen vor erhebliche Probleme stellen, je nach Reiseland und Entfernung zur nächstgelegenen zahnmedizinischen Einrichtung. Um solche Zwischenfälle unterwegs möglichst zu vermeiden, ist grundsätzlich vor jedem Reiseantritt eine rechtzeitige Vorstellung beim heimatnahen Zahnarzt mit entsprechender Beratung, Prophylaxe und Behandlung empfehlenswert. Unterwegs erfordern echte Notfälle, wie dentogene Abszesse oder Traumata, unbedingt eine umgehende zahnärztliche Behandlung. Demgegenüber tolerieren Schmerzfälle, wie kleinere Zahnfrakturen, kariöse Läsionen oder beginnende Entzündungen des Zahnnervs, nach korrekter Einschätzung der Situation, einen begrenzten Aufschub der Behandlung und können mit einer entsprechend ausgestatteten Reiseapotheke eine gewisse Zeit überbrückt werden. Der vorliegende Text soll ein Verständnis für mögliche zahnmedizinische Vorkommnisse auf Reisen sowie Empfehlungen zur zahnmedizinischen Reisevorbereitung geben.
Adipositas in der Antike
Authors: Schubert Charlotte 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDickleibigkeit ist in der Geschichte unserer westlichen Gesellschaft seit der Antike ein vielbehandeltes Thema, das nicht nur in der Medizin, sondern gleichermaßen auch in gesellschaftlich-historischem Kontext begegnet. In der antiken Medizin wurde die Dickleibigkeit auf Maßlosigkeit der Nahrungsaufnahme, auf zu große Trägheit, aber auch auf von Umwelt und Lebensweise bedingte Konstitution zurückgeführt. Dagegen findet sich in der historisch-philosophischen Literatur vor allem die Betonung der Maßlosigkeit, die als moralisch minderwertig betrachtet wurde.