bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Do Contact and Channel Contribute to the Dirac Points in Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors?
Authors: Peng Song‐ang , Jin Zhi , Zhang Dayong , Shi Jingyuan , Niu Jiebin , Huang Xinnan , Yao Yao , Zhang Yanhui , Yu Guanghui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Dirac point(s) in graphene field‐effect transistors (GFETs) are of great importance for electronic application. However, the lack of the effective means to distinguish the electrical properties of graphene at the contact and channel regions limits a clear understanding of their contributions to the Dirac point(s). A method, which can characterize the electrical properties of graphene under metal contact and in the channel, is developed, respectively. It is found that the Fermi levels of graphene at the contact and channel regions are quite different in the GFETs. The difference in Fermi levels results in the penetration of the doping effect under the contact into the channel with a length as long as 1 µm. The difference also causes the double Dirac point feature in the long‐channel GFET due to the combined graphene properties both in contact and channel. One of the two Dirac points diminished in short‐channel GFET due to the penetration of doping effect under the contact. The study demonstrates that the electrical behavior of short‐channel GFET is dominated by the contact region. This paces a way to deeply understand and further improve the performances of GFETs by controlling the Fermi levels in the whole devices.
Silicon‐Based Hybrid Optoelectronic Devices with Synaptic Plasticity and Stateful Photoresponse
Authors: Chen Yan , Wei Qi , Yin Jiang , Xia Yidong , Liu Zhiguo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNeuromorphic optoelectronic devices with new functionality have attracted much attention since they can be applied in energy‐efficient computing and recognition. Here, a silicon optoelectronic device with a designed configuration resembling the retinal circuitry is reported. This kind of device composed of a silicon photoreceptor and a hafnium metal oxide synapse supports optoelectronic spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity that is manipulated completely by both optical and electrical stimuli. The optoelectronic plasticity allows the lasting modulation of photoresponses by using a transient optoelectronic stimulus. Stateful photoresponses can thus be regulated according to either the illumination intensity or the electrical compliance current.
Liquid Metal Gated Tribotronic Transistors as an Electronic Gradienter for Angle Measurement
Authors: Bu Tianzhao , Jiang Dongdong , Yang Xiang , Liu Wenbo , Liu Guoxu , Guo Tong , Pang Yaokun , Zhao Junqing , Xi Fengben , Zhang Chi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLiquid metals (LMs) have attracted great attentions in electronics for great interface contact and flowability. Here, an LM‐gated tribotronic transistor (LMTT) is demonstrated, in which an electrostatic potential is created through the triboelectrification of LM and dielectric layer, and the carrier transport between drain and source can be tuned by the swing‐induced electrostatic potential instead of the traditional gate voltage. Based on the fabricated LMTTs, an electronic gradienter is developed, which can be used for angle measurement and exhibits a great sensitivity, large sensing range, and excellent stability. This work has first introduced the LM into the tribotronic device, which may have potential applications in mechanical calibration, civil engineering, and geologic exploration.
Tailor‐Made Photoconductive Pyrene‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Visible‐Light Driven Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Stegbauer Linus , Zech Sebastian , Savasci Gökcen , Banerjee Tanmay , Podjaski Filip , Schwinghammer Katharina , Ochsenfeld Christian , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a new class of crystalline porous polymers displaying molecular tunability combined with structural definition. Here, a series of three conjugated, photoactive azine‐linked COFs based on pyrene building blocks which differ in the number of nitrogen atoms in the peripheral aromatic units is presented. The structure of the COFs is analyzed by combined experimental and computational physisorption as well as quantum‐chemical calculations, which suggest a slipped‐stacked arrangement of the 2D layers. Photocurrents of up to 6 µA cm−2 with subsecond photoresponse times are measured on thin film samples for the first time. While all COFs are capable of producing hydrogen from water, their efficiency increases significantly with decreasing number of nitrogen atoms. The trending activities are rationalized by photoelectrochemical measurements and quantum‐chemical calculations which suggest an increase in the thermodynamic driving force with decreasing nitrogen content to be the origin of the observed differences in hydrogen evolution activities.
Simultaneously Enhancing the Thermal Stability, Mechanical Modulus, and Electrochemical Performance of Solid Polymer Electrolytes by Incorporating 2D Sheets
Authors: Tang Wenjing , Tang Shan , Zhang Cuijuan , Ma Qingtao , Xiang Qian , Yang Ying‐Wei , Luo Jiayan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSolid state electrolytes are the key components for high energy density lithium ion batteries and especially for lithium metal batteries where lithium dendrite growth is an inevitable obstacle in liquid electrolytes. Solid polymer electrolytes based on a complex of polymers and lithium salts are intrinsically advantageous over inorganic electrolytes in terms of processability and film‐forming properties. But other properties such as ionic conductivity, thermal stability, mechanical modulus, and electrochemical stability need to be improved. Herein, for the first time, 2D additives using few‐layer vermiculite clay sheets as an example to comprehensively upgrade poly(ethylene oxide)‐based solid polymer electrolyte are introduced. With clay sheet additives, the polymer electrolyte exhibits improved thermal stability, mechanical modulus, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability along with reduced flammability and interface resistance. The composite polymer electrolyte can suppress the formation and growth of lithium dendrites in lithium metal batteries. It is anticipated that the clay sheets upgraded solid polymer electrolyte can be integrated to construct high performance solid state lithium ion and lithium metal batteries with higher energy and safety.
Peripatric speciation associated with genome expansion and female‐biased sex ratios in the moss genus Ceratodon
Authors: Nieto‐Lugilde Marta , Werner Olaf , McDaniel Stuart F. , Koutecký Petr , Kučera Jan , Rizk Samah Mohamed , Ros Rosa M. 
Published: June 2018

Premise of the StudyA period of allopatry is widely believed to be essential for the evolution of reproductive isolation. However, strict allopatry may be difficult to achieve in some cosmopolitan, spore‐dispersed groups, like mosses. We examined the genetic and genome size diversity in Mediterranean populations of the moss Ceratodon purpureus s.l. to evaluate the role of allopatry and ploidy change in population divergence.MethodsWe sampled populations of the genus Ceratodon from mountainous areas and lowlands of the Mediterranean region, and from Western and Central Europe. We performed phylogenetic and coalescent analyses on sequences from five nuclear introns and a chloroplast locus to reconstruct their evolutionary history. We also estimated genome size using flow cytometry (employing propidium iodide) and determined the sex of samples using a sex‐linked PCR marker.Key ResultsTwo well‐differentiated clades were resolved, discriminating two homogeneous groups: the widespread C. purpureus and a local group mostly restricted to the mountains in Southern Spain. The latter also possessed a genome size 25% larger than the widespread C. purpureus, and the samples of this group consist entirely of females. We also found hybrids, and some of them had a genome size equivalent to the sum of the C. purpureus and Spanish genome, suggesting that they arose by allopolyploidy.ConclusionsThese data suggest that a new species of Ceratodon arose via peripatric speciation, potentially involving a genome size change and a strong female‐biased sex ratio. The new species has hybridized in the past with C. purpureus.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular trans‐Disilylation of Alkynones with Unactivated Disilanes
Authors: He Tao , Liu Li‐Chuan , Guo Le , Li Bin , Zhang Qing‐Wei , He Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDisilylation of alkynes could provide rapid entry to synthetically useful 1,2‐bissilyl‐alkenes, but is currently limited to activated disilanes reacting in an intramolecular fashion. Reported herein is an efficient rhodium(I)‐catalyzed intermolecular disilylation of a wide array of alkynones with unactivated disilanes. Importantly, this reaction produces exclusively trans‐disilylation products, selectivity that has been rarely reported. These disilylation products were transformed into interesting pentacyclic vinyl silane ethers, among other additional synthetic manipulations. Mechanistic studies uncovered that the unactivated disilanes underwent facile Si−Si activation and crossover under the reaction conditions.
Nanoquencher‐Based Selective Imaging of Protein Glutathionylation in Live Mammalian Cells
Authors: Mao Xin , Yuan Peiyan , Yu Changmin , Li Lin , Yao Shao Q. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChanges in the cellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and protein S‐glutathionylation (PSSG) are closely associated with a number of human diseases. Despite recent advances, few thiol‐reactive, small‐molecule GSH sensors could selectively detect GSH over other endogenous thiols, and none was capable of detecting PSSG in live mammalian cells. By using a dye‐loaded mesoporous silica nanoquencher (qMSN) capped with anti‐GSH antibody capable of highly selective binding toward GSH and glutathionylated proteins over other molecules, we have successfully developed a fluorescence GSH/PSSG nanosensor, which showed unprecedented selectivity toward PSSG even in the presence of GSH, had amplifiable and programmable fluorescence Turn‐ON properties, and could be used to image endogenous PSSG in live mammalian cells under stimulated conditions for the first time.
Application of Claisen Rearrangement and Olefin Metathesis in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Meshram Milind 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSeveral new synthetic methods to diverse polycycles and heterocycles on the basis of [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement and ring‐closing metathesis as key steps are summarized. In this regard, Claisen, aza‐Claisen, and Overman rearrangements are used in combination with other popular reactions such as ring‐closing metathesis, Suzuki coupling, Diels–Alder reaction, and retro‐Diels–Alder reaction. To this end, we prepared polycycles (e.g., cyclophanes, cage molecules), heterocycles (e.g., oxepins, azapins), carbocycles, and spirocycles with the use of the above protocol.
A Biotinylated and Endoplasmic Reticulum‐Targeted Glutathione‐Responsive Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yu Ligang , Wang Qiong , Yeung Ka‐Wing , Fong Wing‐Ping , Lo Pui‐Chi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA biotinylated glutathione (GSH)‐responsive zinc(II) phthalocyanine has been prepared and characterized. With a 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfonyl moiety, its fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen generation were silenced in its intact state. Upon exposure to high concentration of GSH, its photosensitizing properties were restored in phosphate buffered saline and inside tumor cells. It also showed preferential uptake on HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells (with higher biotin receptor expression) rather than Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (with lower biotin receptor expression). Upon irradiation, it caused photocytotoxicity with an IC50 value down to 0.1 μm on HepG2 cells. Moreover, it can localize in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing ER stress after light irradiation.
Estradiol‐mediated regulation of hepatic iNOS in obese rats: Impact of Src, ERK1/2, AMPKα, and miR‐221
Authors: Panic Anastasija , Stanimirovic Julijana , Obradovic Milan , Sudar‐Milovanovic Emina , Perovic Milan , Lackovic Milena , Petrovic Nina , Isenovic Esma R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurpose: This study aimed to investigate in vivo effects of estradiol on the regulation of hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the high fat (HF) diet‐induced obesity. Also, we aimed to investigate whether activation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2), adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), Src kinase, and miR‐221 is involved in estradiol‐mediated regulation of iNOS in the liver of obese male Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a standard laboratory diet or a HF diet for 10 weeks. Half of HF rats were treated with estradiol intraperitoneally (40 μg/kg), whereas the other half were placebo‐treated 24 H before euthanasia. Results show that estradiol treatment of HF rats decreased hepatic iNOS mRNA (P < 0.05) and protein expression (P < 0.01), the protein levels of p65 subunit of nuclear factor κB (P < 0.05) and ERα (P < 0.05), ERK1/2 phosphorylation (P < 0.001), and ERα/Src kinase association (P < 0.05). By contrast, hepatic Src protein level (P < 0.05), AMPKα phosphorylation (P < 0.05), and miR‐221 expression (P < 0.05) were increased in HF rats after estradiol treatment. Our results indicate that estradiol in vivo regulates hepatic iNOS expression in obese rats via molecular mechanisms involving ERK1/2, AMPK, Src, and miR‐221 signaling.
The factors associated with impulse control behaviors in Parkinson's disease: A 2‐year longitudinal retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kon Tomoya , Ueno Tatsuya , Haga Rie , Tomiyama Masahiko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionImpulse control behaviors (ICBs) are impulsive–compulsive behaviors often associated with dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although remission can occur inICB, only four reports on the ratio of remission and the persistence ofICBhave been published, and the associated factors withICBremission or persistence have been little known. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal assessment of the remission, persistence, and development ofICBand those associated factors in patients withPD.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated aPDdatabase at Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Japan. One hundred and forty‐eight patients withPDwho could be followed up for 2 years were enrolled.ICBwas assessed using the Questionnaire for Impulsive–Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's disease. Motor severity (Hoehn and Yahr scale and United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale), cognitive function (Mini–Mental State Examination), and other clinical variables (sex, age, onset age, disease duration, olfactory dysfunction, and dyskinesia) and medications used to treatPDwere assessed. Univariate analyses were performed.ResultsSeven patients were excluded because of the exclusion criteria, and 141 patients were analyzed. Thirty patients (21.3%) hadICBat baseline, and these patients also had significantly higher use of pergolide. TheICBremission rate was 60%, theICBpersistence ratio was 40%, and theICBdevelopment ratio was 12.6% over 2 years. Statistically, younger age and pergolide use were associated withICBpersistence. Being male, having dyskinesia, and rotigotine, entacapone, zonisamide, and istradefylline use were associated withICBdevelopment.ConclusionThis study suggests that younger age and pergolide use may be the new associated factors withICBpersistence and that entacapone, zonisamide, and istradefylline use may be associated with the development ofICB. Drug profiles and medication practices in Japan may explain the association of these factors withICB.
Mental fatigue and impaired cognitive function after an acquired brain injury
Authors: Jonasson Axel , Levin Christopher , Renfors Marielle , Strandberg Sara , Johansson Birgitta 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveMental fatigue is a common subjective symptom following an acquired brain injury. In many cases, this is long‐lasting with a considerable negative impact on work, studies, social activities, and quality of life. No objective test for mental fatigue exists today. The aim of this study was to investigate whether mental fatigue can be objectively measured.Materials and MethodsThis study included 32 controls with no mental fatigue and 42 well‐rehabilitated participants who suffered from long‐term mental fatigue following stroke, traumatic brain injury, encephalitis or meningitis, and late effects after brain tumor. Attention, processing speed and working memory were assessed using a test and retest design following a demanding reading exercise.ResultsSignificant interactions were found for tests measuring processing speed, working memory, and attention. The control group improved at the second test, while those who suffered from mental fatigue did not.ConclusionsThis study indicates impaired cognitive performance over time after cognitive activity for individuals suffering from mental fatigue after an acquired brain injury.
Design of an analysis virtual tool for PV sourced microgrid systems
Authors: Martínez Nolasco Juan J. , Padilla Medina José A. , Barranco Gutiérrez Alejandro I. , Pérez Pinal Francisco J. , Prado Olivares Juan , Herrera Ramírez Carlos A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work presents the development of a virtual tool used in the power management of a microgrid connected to a PV arrangement. The virtual tool proposes five different control strategies used as main power management controller. Those strategies can be selected and compared to evaluate their different time responses and overall characteristics. In addition, results of an integrative evaluation of the virtual tool is reported, which was conducted using different Learning Gain Surveys. It was found that this pedagogical approach was appreciated by students and they learned the main concepts in spite of this methodology was new for them. Final recommendation and conclusions are provided at the end of this paper.
Outcome of 449 adult patients with rhabdomyosarcoma: an observational ambispective nationwide study
Authors: Bompas Emmanuelle , Campion Loïc , Italiano Antoine , Le Cesne Axel , Chevreau Christine , Isambert Nicolas , Toulmonde Maud , Mir Olivier , Ray‐Coquard Isabelle , Piperno‐Neumann Sophie , Saada‐Bouzid Esma , Rios Maria , Kurtz Jean‐Emmanuel , Delcambre Corinne , Dubray‐Longeras Pascale , Duffaud Florence , Karanian Marie , Le Loarer François , Soulié Patrick , Penel Nicolas , Blay Jean‐Yves 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFive‐year overall survival (OS) of localized RMS exceeds 70% in children (<18) but is very poor in adult patients. We analyzed the outcome and prognostic factors (PF) of a national series of adult patients with RMS in a large study. The study population consisted of two different cohorts: a retrospective cohort (157 adult patients treated in 13 reference centers between 05/1981 and 02/2010) and the prospective cohort (292 patients with RMS diagnosed and treated between 01/2010 and 12/2014 in France) included in the NetSarc database. A descriptive analysis of patients’ characteristics and prognostic factors was conducted on both series which were compared. In the retrospective series, histological subtypes were embryonal (E‐RMS) for 21% of patients, alveolar (A‐RMS) for 35% of patients, and “adult‐type” P‐RMS (pleomorphic, spindle cell RMS, not otherwise specified) (P) for 44% patients. This distribution significantly differed in the prospective cohort: A‐RMS: 18%; E‐RMS: 17%; and P‐RMS 65%. With a median follow‐up of 8.5 years, 5‐year OS for localized RMS and advanced RMS (with nodes and/or metastases) was 43% and 5%, respectively, (P < 0.0001), and median OS was 51, 33, and 16 months for E‐RMS, A‐RMS, and P‐RMS, respectively, in the retrospective cohort. The median OS was less than 40 months for the prospective nationwide cohort for the entire population. In a multivariate analysis of the retrospective study, independent prognostic factors for OS were A‐RMS, R0 resection, and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). For localized RMS, age and use of pediatric chemotherapy (CT) regimen are independent prognostic factors. Adult patients with RMS have a poorer overall survival than pediatric patients, and survival varies considerably across histological subtypes.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of Novel Thiazoles and [1,3,4]Thiadiazoles Incorporating Sulfonamide Group as DHFR Inhibitors
Authors: Riyadh Sayed M. , El‐Motairi Shojaa A. , Ahmed Hany E. A. , Khalil Khaled D. , Habib EL‐Sayed E. 
Published: June 2018

2‐(1‐{4‐[(4‐Methylphenyl)sulfonamido]phenyl}ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide (3) was exploited as a starting material for the synthesis of two novel series of 5‐arylazo‐2‐hydrazonothiazoles 6a – 6j and 2‐hydrazono[1,3,4]thiadiazoles 10a – 10d, incorporating sulfonamide group, through its reactions with appropriate hydrazonoyl halides. The structures of the newly synthesized products were confirmed by spectral and elemental analyses. Also, the antimicrobial, anticancer, and DHFR inhibition potency for two series of thiazoles and [1,3,4]thiadiazoles were evaluated and explained by molecular docking studies and SAR analysis.
Isopropylamine as Amine Donor in Transaminase‐Catalyzed Reactions: Better Acceptance through Reaction and Enzyme Engineering
Authors: Dawood Ayad W. H. , Weiß Martin S. , Schulz Christian , Pavlidis Ioannis V. , Iding Hans , de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAmine transaminases (ATA) have now become frequently used biocatalysts in chemo‐enzymatic syntheses including industrial applications. They catalyze the transfer of an amine group from a donor to an acceptor leading to an amine product with high enantiopurity. Hence, they represent an environmentally benign alternative for waste intensive chemical amine synthesis. Isopropylamine (IPA) is probably one of the most favored amine donors since it is cheap and achiral, but nevertheless there is no consistency in literature concerning reaction conditions when IPA is best to be used. At the same time there is still a poor understanding which structural properties in ATA are responsible for IPA acceptance. Herein, we demonstrate, on the basis of the 3FCR enzyme scaffold, a substantial improvement in catalytic activity towards IPA as the amine donor. The asymmetric synthesis of industrial relevant amines was used as model reaction. A systematic investigation of the pH‐value as well as concentration effects using common benchmark substrates and several ATA indicates the necessity of a substrate‐ and ATA‐dependent reaction engineering.
Acidification Optimization and Granulation of a Steel‐Slag‐Derived Sorbent for CO2 Capture
Authors: Sun Jian , Liu Wenqiang , Hu Yingchao , Yang Yuandong , Xu Yongqing , Xu Minghou 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSteel slag was used as a low‐cost feedstock to prepare CaO‐based sorbents for CO2 capture by acidification treatment, and the acidification process was optimized. Four main acidification parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, acetic acid concentration, and solid/liquid ratio) were investigated. The solid/liquid ratio and extraction time are the most important factors that affect the CO2 capture capacity and stability of the sorbents. The CO2 sorption performance of optimal steel‐slag‐derived sorbent is more stable than that of naturally occurring limestone, due to the low Si/Ca ratio and the presence of MgO with high anti‐sintering ability. CaO‐based pellets with high resistance to attrition and compression were produced by extrusion of the steel‐slag‐derived sorbent powders.