bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of incentive structures at producer–processor interface of beef supply chain in Brazil
Authors: Shanoyan Aleksan , Schiavi Bankuti Sandra Mara , Colares-Santos Lechan 
Published: March 2019

PurposeWith recent shifts in market forces driven by food safety and quality concerns, managers in the Brazilian beef processing industry are forced to reevaluate their procurement arrangements with cattle producers. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight on the effect of live-weight (LW) and dead-weight (DW) procurement arrangements on farmers’ incentives to invest in cattle quality.Design/methodology/approachThe research methods involve a conceptual model based on principal-agent framework and data from targeted interviews of cattle farmers and slaughterhouse managers in the Western Region of São Paulo state of Brazil.FindingsFindings highlight the potential for adverse selection of low-quality cattle producers under LW arrangement and misaligned incentives for quality improvement, they also illustrate incentive compatibility of DW arrangement when the carcass yield is verifiable by producers. The evidence from field data was largely consistent with the predictions of the model and highlighted the important role of trust for a lasting procurement relationship under DW arrangement.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the lack of publicly available data and the challenges associated with the collection of primary field data, the sample is limited to 30 cattle producers and 5 processing firms.Originality/valueThis paper provides a theoretical and empirical platform for developing further research on coordination at the producer–processor interface of beef supply chain in Brazil and other countries with similar transaction characteristics. The findings will assist in designing more incentive compatible and self-enforcing arrangements between cattle farmers and slaughterhouses to enhance the product quality and the overall efficiency of the supply chain.
Generation and distribution of income in Mexico, 1990-2015
Authors: Ayvar-Campos Francisco Javier , Navarro-Chávez José César Lenin , Giménez Víctor 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to review the efficient use of economic and social resources to generate income and, at the same time, reduce the concentration of wealth in the 32 states of the Mexican Republic during the period 1990-2015.Design/methodology/approachData envelopment analysis with the inclusion of a bad output was used to diagnose the efficiency of Mexican entities, and the Malmquist–Luenberger index was applied to understand how this efficiency evolves.FindingsThe results clearly show that only 3 of the 32 units studied generated and distributed wealth efficiently, while the other 29 must increase their level of income and its distribution.Originality/valueAccording to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work that performs a temporal analysis of the efficiency in the generation of Human Development Index using bad outputs and the Malmquist–Luenberger index.
Factors influencing the decision to choose a birth center by pregnant women in Gombe state Nigeria
Authors: Yahya Muhammad Basheer , Pumpaibool Tepanata 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Gombe state in northeast Nigeria records a high prevalence of home deliveries with very low facility deliveries despite the efforts of government and international non-governmental organizations in supporting maternal health services. The purpose of this paper is to assess the factors influencing the decision to choose a birth center by pregnant women in Gombe, Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
The design was a cross-sectional study of women from a baseline survey conducted in August 2016 in Gombe state, Nigeria. Data on women groups’ utilization of maternal services with a focus on antenatal care, delivery and postnatal care were collected using a structured questionnaire used for household survey conducted in the state. Data for 157 pregnant women from the sample of 750 women (15–49 years) were selected for the purpose of this analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the factors associated with choice of birth center.

Findings
Religion (AOR=12.117, 95% CI 1.774–82.741), paid work (AOR=3.633, 95% CI 1.243–10.615) and identification and knowledge of pregnancy complications (AOR=4.281, 95% CI 1.054–17.387) were the factors found to be significantly associated with choice of birth center by pregnant women. Age, education, closeness to a facility and decision by husband or woman were not found to be statistically significant.

Originality/value
The significance of disseminating knowledge about pregnancy complications, role of religious leaders and encouraging savings from women earnings need attention of the government to improve facility-based delivery.
Clathrin‐dependent endocytosis predominantly mediates protein absorption by fat body from the hemolymph in Bombyx mori
Authors: Wang Yu‐Jie , Li Shu‐Yan , Zhao Jia‐Ye , Li Kang , Xu Jing , Xu Xian‐Ying , Wu Wen‐Mei , Yang Rong , Xiao Yang , Ye Ming‐Qiang , Liu Ji‐Ping , Zhong Yang‐Jin , Cao Yang , Yi Hui‐Yu , Tian Ling 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDuring insect larval–pupal metamorphosis, proteins in the hemolymph are absorbed by the fat body for the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis; however, the type of proteins and how these proteins are internalized into the fat body are unclear. In Bombyx mori, the developmental profiles of total proteins in the hemolymph and fat body showed that hemolymph‐decreased protein bands (55–100 kDa) were in accordance with those protein bands that increased in the fat body. Inhibition of clathrin‐dependent endocytosis predominantly blocked the transportation of 55–100 kDa proteins from the hemolymph into the fat body, which was further verified by RNA interference treatment of Bmclathrin. Six hexamerins were shown to comprise ∼90% of the total identified proteins in both the hemolymph and fat body by mass spectrum (MS) analysis. In addition, hemolymph‐specific proteins were mainly involved in material transportation, while fat body‐specific proteins particularly participated in metabolism. In this paper, four hexamerins were found for the first time, and potential proteins absorbed by the fat body from the hemolymph through clathrin‐dependent endocytosis were identified. This study sheds light on the protein absorption mechanism during insect metamorphosis.
Assessing the local economic impacts of land protection
Authors: Sims Katharine R. E. , Thompson Jonathan R. , Meyer Spencer R. , Nolte Christoph , Plisinski Joshua S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLand protection, whether public or private, is often controversial at the local level because residents worry about lost economic activity. We used panel data and a quasi‐experimental impact‐evaluation approach to determine how key economic indicators were related to the percentage of land protected. Specifically, we estimated the impacts of public and private land protection based on local area employment and housing permits data from 5 periods spanning 1990–2015 for all major towns and cities in New England. To generate rigorous impact estimates, we modeled economic outcomes as a function of the percentage of land protected in the prior period, conditional on town fixed effects, metro‐region trends, and controls for period and neighboring protection. Contrary to narratives that conservation depresses economic growth, land protection was associated with a modest increase in the number of people employed and in the labor force and did not affect new housing permits, population, or median income. Public and private protection led to different patterns of positive employment impacts at distances close to and far from cities, indicating the importance of investing in both types of land protection to increase local opportunities. The greatest magnitude of employment impacts was due to protection in more rural areas, where opportunities for both visitation and amenity‐related economic growth may be greatest. Overall, we provide novel evidence that land protection can be compatible with local economic growth and illustrate a method that can be broadly applied to assess the net economic impacts of protection.
Vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus in solid organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Authors: Nellore Anoma , Huprikar Shirish ,   the AST ID Community of Practice
Published: March 2019

AbstractThese updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation address vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) infections in SOT candidates and recipients. VRE are an important cause of infection and have been named by the CDC as a serious public threat. Typically, a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract, VRE may become pathogenic after abdominal organ manipulation like transplantation. This guideline reviews the microbiology, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of VRE infection in the context of solid organ transplantation. Treatment regimens including combination therapies and novel investigational agents are also reviewed. Finally, an updated appraisal of infection control measures relevant to VRE infection and colonization is presented.
Fatigue design curve under LCF as well as combined LCF and HCF regime at 923 K in a type 316LN stainless steel
Authors: Sarkar Aritra , Nagesha Atikukke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe paper presents a novel approach towards developing fatigue design curve under combined loading involving low cycle fatigue (LCF) and high cycle fatigue (HCF), in a type 316LN austenitic stainless steel. The total strain life curve used for fatigue design is modified taking into account the effect of varying load history. The methodology relies on the test data obtained to previous studies by authors pertaining to LCF‐HCF interaction using a sequential pattern at 923 K. Modified design curves are generated at 923 K where the effect of varying degree of prior LCF exposure at strain range of 0.12% is accounted for, on HCF.
Identifying and treating outliers in finance
Authors: Adams John , Hayunga Darren , Mansi Sattar , Reeb David , Verardi Vincenzo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOutliers represent a fundamental challenge in the empirical finance research. We investigate whether the routine techniques used in finance research to identify and treat outliers are appropriate for the data structures we observe in practice. Specifically, we propose a multivariate identification strategy that can effectively detect outliers. We also introduce an estimator that minimizes the bias outliers caused in both cross‐sectional and panel regressions and provide outlier mitigation guidance. Using replications of four recently published studies in premier finance journals, we show how adjusting for multivariate outliers can lead to significantly different results.
Gene cloning to clinical trials—the trials and tribulations of a life with collagen
Authors: Boot‐Handford Raymond P. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis review, based on the BSMB Fell‐Muir Lecture I presented in July 2018 at the Matrix Biology Europe Conference in Manchester, gives a personal perspective of my own laboratory's contributions to research into type X collagen, metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid and potential treatments for this disorder that are currently entering clinical trial. I have tried to set the advances made in the context of the scientific technologies available at the time and how these have changed over the more than three decades of this research.
Health professions students’ attitudes and perceptions of interprofessional biases
Authors: Gillette Chris , Dinkins Melissa M , Bliss Rebecca , Pfaff Michele , Maupin Elizabeth , Badran Aseel , Manolakis Michael , Smith Lisa , Sweetman Melissa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine attitudes toward interprofessional, team-based care in first-year health professions students.

Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to all first-year health professions students in their first semester at one university using the Interprofessional Attitudes Scale (IPAS). Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to analyze the data.

Key findings
Results indicated only two significant differences among students in IPAS subdomains: teamwork (χ2 = 13.11, df = 3, P = 0.004) and patient-centredness (χ2 = 40.75, df = 3, P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
Not all health professions students come into their formal education with the same level of attitudes toward team-based care. Educators should consider this when designing IPE activities.
The effects of amine oxidase‐producing starter culture on biogenic amine accumulation in traditional Chinese smoked horsemeat sausages
Authors: Huichao Zhang , Binbin Li , Lili Zhao , Qingling Wang , Baokun Li , Shiling Lu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe effects of autochthonous starter cultures (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus salivarius and L. plantarum + L. salivarius) on the accumulation of biogenic amines (BAs) in traditional Chinese smoked horsemeat sausage were investigated. The concentration of biogenic amines, microbiological growth, pH, and moisture content were evaluated. Starter cultures could effectively inhibit indigenous bacteria, as judged by traditional microbiological methods and polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE), and promote the degradation of BAs through oxidative deamination catalyzed by amine oxidase. L. salivarius inhibited BAs to a greater extent than the other two strains, and L. plantarum and L. salivarius had an antagonistic effect on the accumulation of BAs. The results indicate that starter cultures producing amine oxidase have a bacteriostatic effect and decrease the production of BAs during ripening of smoked horsemeat sausage, provided that suitable strain combinations are employed.Practical applicationsSmoked horsemeat sausage is favored by consumer with its special flavor and high nutritional value. However, it is usually manufactured in small workshop following spontaneous fermentation. Therefore, the quality and safety of the final product is not guaranteed. The application of starter cultures is one of efficient methods for smoked horsemeat sausage’ quality. In this study, L. plantarum + L. salivarius were used as starter cultures, which can reduce BA content to ensure food safety, and inhibit contaminant microorganisms growth, as well as no negatively influence to traditional properties of the product.
Concordance of Rural‐Urban Self‐identity and ZIP Code‐Derived Rural‐Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) Designation
Authors: Onega Tracy , Weiss Julie E. , Alford‐Teaster Jennifer , Goodrich Martha , Eliassen M. Scottie , Kim Sunny Jung 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the concordance between individuals’ self‐reported rural‐urban category of their community and ZIP Code‐derived Rural‐Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) category.MethodsAn Internet‐based survey, administered from August 2017 through November 2017, was used to collect participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, self‐reported ZIP Code of residence, and perception of which RUCA category best describes the community in which they live. We calculated weighted kappa (ĸ) coefficients (95% confidence interval [CI]) to test for concordance between participants’ ZIP Code‐derived RUCA category and their selection of RUCA descriptor. Descriptive frequency distributions of participants' demographics are presented.FindingsA total of 622 survey participants, residents of New Hampshire (63%) and Vermont (37%), responded to the survey's self‐reported rural‐urban category. The overall ĸ was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.27‐0.38). The highest concordance was found among those living in a small rural area (N = 81, 13%): 62% of this group identified their communities as small rural. Sixty‐five percent (300/459) of participants residing in urban or large rural areas reported their community as more rural (small rural or isolated). Sixty‐eight percent (111/163) of participants living in small rural or isolated areas identified their community as more urban (large rural or urban).ConclusionsDiscordance was found between self‐report of rural‐urban category and ZIP Code‐derived RUCA designation. Caution is warranted when attributing rural‐urban designation to individuals based on geographic unit, since perceived rurality/urbanicity of their community that relates to health behaviors may not be reflected.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in healthy and Pasteurella multocida‐infected Gaoyou ducks
Authors: Lan Weixuan , Xiao Xia , Jiang Yongjia , Jiang Lijie , Zhao Xu , Yu Zhaoyang , Zhu Biwen , Li Congcong , Bian Lin , Wang Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPasteurella multocida is the causative agent of fowl cholera, and florfenicol (FF) has potent antibacterial activity against P. multocida and is widely used in the poultry industry. In this study, we established a P. multocida infection model in ducks and studied the pharmacokinetics of FF in serum and lung tissues after oral administration of 30 mg/kg bodyweight. The maximum concentrations reached (Cmax) were lower in infected ducks (13.88 ± 2.70 μg/ml) vs. healthy control animals (17.86 ± 1.57 μg/ml). In contrast, the mean residence time (MRT: 2.35 ± 0.13 vs. 2.27 ± 0.18 hr) and elimination half‐life (T½β: 1.63 ± 0.08 vs. 1.57 ± 0.12 hr) were similar for healthy and diseased animals, respectively. As a result, the area under the concentration curve for 0–12 hr (AUC0–12 hr) for FF in healthy ducks was significantly greater than that in infected ducks (49.47 ± 5.31 vs. 34.52 ± 8.29 μg hr/ml). The pharmacokinetic differences of FF in lung tissues between the two groups correlated with the serum pharmacokinetic differences. The Cmax and AUC0–12 hr values of lung tissue in healthy ducks were higher than those in diseased ducks. The concentration of FF in lung tissues was approximately 1.2‐fold higher than that in serum both in infected and healthy ducks indicating that FF is effective in treating respiratory tract infections in ducks.
Prevalence and predictors of complementary and alternative medicine modalities in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Liem Kin Seng , Yim Colina , Ying Thomas D. , Zanjir Wayel R. , Fung Scott , Wong David K. , Shah Hemant , Feld Jordan J. , Hansen Bettina E. , Janssen Harry L. A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsThe use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can interact with antiviral treatment or influence health‐seeking behaviour. We aimed to study the use of individual CAM modalities in CHB and explore determinants of use, particularly migration‐related, socio‐economic and clinical factors.MethodsA total of 436 CHB outpatients who attended the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease in 2015‐2016 were included in this cross‐sectional study. Using the comprehensive I‐CAM questionnaire and health records, data were collected on socio‐demographic and clinical variables and on usage of 16 CAM modalities in the last year.ResultsSixty percent of patients were male, 74% were Asian and 46% were using antiviral treatment. Three‐hundred and nine (71%) patients used CAM. Vitamin/mineral preparations (45% of patients) were most commonly used. Overall CAM use and the specific use of potentially injurious CAM, such as green tea extract (9.2%) and St. John's wort (0.2%), were not associated with liver disease severity. Female sex, family history of CHB, lower serum HBV DNA, and higher socio‐economic status were independently associated with bio‐holistic CAM use, the clinically most‐relevant CAM group (P < 0.05); ethnicity, antiviral therapy use and liver disease severity were not.ConclusionsCAM use among CHB patients was extensive, especially use of vitamin and mineral preparations, but without direct influence on liver disease severity. Bio‐holistic CAM use appeared to be associated with socio‐economic status rather than with ethnicity or liver disease severity. Despite the rare use of hepatotoxins, physicians should actively inquire about it.
Heritable variation in bleaching responses and its functional genomic basis in reef‐building corals (Orbicella faveolata)
Authors: Dziedzic Katherine E. , Elder Holland , Tavalire Hannah , Meyer Eli 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReef‐building corals are highly sensitive to rising ocean temperatures, and substantial adaptation will be required for corals and the ecosystems they support to persist in changing ocean conditions. Genetic variation that might support adaptive responses has been measured in larval stages of some corals, but these estimates remain unavailable for adult corals and the functional basis of this variation remains unclear. In this study, we focused on the potential for adaptation in Orbicella faveolata, a dominant reef‐builder in the Caribbean. We conducted thermal stress experiments using corals collected from natural populations in Bocas del Toro, Panama, and used multilocus SNP genotypes to estimate genetic relatedness among samples. This allowed us to estimate narrow‐sense heritability of variation in bleaching responses, revealing that variation in these responses was highly heritable (h2 = 0.58). This suggests substantial potential for adaptive responses to warming by natural populations of O. faveolata in this region. We further investigated the functional basis for this variation using genomic and transcriptomic approaches. We used a publicly available genetic linkage map and genome assembly to map markers associated with bleaching responses, identifying twelve markers associated with variation in bleaching responses. We also profiled gene expression in corals with contrasting bleaching phenotypes, uncovering substantial differences in transcriptional stress responses between heat‐tolerant and heat‐susceptible corals. Together, our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that natural populations of corals possess genetic variation in thermal stress responses that may potentially support adaptive responses to rising ocean temperatures.
Hce2 domain‐containing effectors contribute to the full virulence ofValsa maliin a redundant manner
Authors: Zhang Mian , Xie Shichang , Zhao Yuhuan , Meng Xiang , Song Linlin , Feng Hao , Huang Lili 
Published: March 2019

SummaryValsa maliis the causal agent of appleValsacanker, a destructive disease in East Asia. Effector proteins play important roles in the virulence of phytopathogenic fungi, and we identified five Hce2 domain‐containing effectors (VmHEP1, VmHEP2, VmHEP3, VmHEP4 and VmHEP5) from theV.maligenome. Amongst these, VmHEP1 and VmHEP2 were found to be up‐regulated during the early infection stage and VmHEP1 was also identified as a cell death inducer through its transient expression inNicotiana benthamiana. Although the deletion of each singleVmHEPgene did not lead to a reduction in virulence, the double‐deletion ofVmHEP1andVmHEP2notably attenuatedV. malivirulence in both apple twigs and leaves. An evolutionary analysis revealed thatVmHEP1 and VmHEP2are two paralogues, under purifying selection.VmHEP1andVmHEP2are located next to each other on chromosome 11 as tandem genes with only a 604 bp physical distance. Interestingly, the deletion ofVmHEP1promoted the expression ofVmHEP2and, vice versa, the deletion ofVmHEP2promoted the expression ofVmHEP1. The present results provide insights into the functions of Hce2 domain‐containing effectors acting as virulence factors ofV. mali, and provide a new perspective regarding the contribution of tandem genes to the virulence of phytopathogenic fungi.