bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LncRNA FAM83H‐AS1 induces nucleus pulposus cell growth via targeting the Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Wei Rong , Chen Yuxuan , Zhao Zheyuan , Gu Qiuhan , Wu Junlong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNA (lncRNA) represents a new group of transcripts which act a critical role in various biological and pathological processes. Growing evidence suggested that a new lncRNA, FAM83H‐AS1, played important roles in several cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms of FAM83H‐AS1‐regulating functions in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) have yet to be explained. Thus study examined the role of lncRNA FAM83H‐AS1 in progression of IDD. First, we proved that expression level of FAM83H‐AS1 was expressed in nondegenerated nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues and degenerative NP samples. Moreover, we studied the expression level of FAM83H‐AS1 relationship of the clinical disc degeneration grade. Our data suggested that FAM83H‐AS1 expression was downregulated in normal NP samples compared with in the degenerated NP samples. FAM83H‐AS1 expression was positively correlated with degree of disc degeneration grade. The expression of FAM83H‐AS1 was positively correlated with scores of Pfirrmann grade. FAM83H‐AS1 expression was increased by IL‐1β and TNF‐αtreatment in NP cells. Ectopic expression of FAM83H‐AS1 induced cell growth and modulated extracellular matrix (ECM) expression in the NP cell. Elevated expression of FAM83H‐AS1 promoted Notch1 and Hes1 expression in NP cells. Furthermore, FAM83H‐AS1 induced NP cell growth and modulated ECM expression through targeting Notch 1. To conclude, dysregulated expression of FAM83H‐AS1 played a crucial role in progression of IDD.
Upregulation of microRNA‐7 contributes to inhibition of the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells through the inhibition of IGF1R
Authors: Zhang Zuojun , Zhao Ming , Wang Guojie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe aim to uncover the methylation of microRNA‐7 (miR‐7) promoter in osteosarcoma (OS) and the inner mechanism of miR‐7 on the progression of OS cells. Expression and methylation state of miR‐7 in OS tissues and cells were detected. With the aim to unearth the ability of miR‐7 in OS, the proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, invasion, migration of OS cells, and the tumor growth in nude mice were determined. Meanwhile, IGF1R expression was detected and the association between miR‐7 and IGF1R was confirmed. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was tested by immunohistochemical staining, and the lung metastasis was observed by H&E staining. miR‐7 expression was decreased and methylation state of miR‐7 was increased in OS tissues and cells. Upregulated miR‐7 inhibited proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion,and migration, while inducing apoptosis of OS cells and the tumor growth as well as PCNA expression in nude mice. Expression of IGF1R was downregulated in OS cells with overexpression of miR‐7. Experiments verified the binding site between miR‐7 and IGF1R. Our study demonstrates that abnormal methylation of miR‐7 contributes to decreased miR‐7 in OS. In addition, miR‐7 represses the initiation and progression of OS cells through the inhibition of IGF1R.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor, AR‐42, exerts antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in Y79 cells
Authors: Duan Sujuan , Gong Xiaona , Liu Xing , Cui Wenwen , Chen Kaddie , Mao Longbing , Jun Sun , Zhou Ruihao , Sang Yi , Huang Guofu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRetinoblastoma (RB) is the most common type of intraocular malignant tumor that occurs in childhood. AR‐42, a member of a newly discovered class of phenylbutyrate‐derived histone deacetylase inhibitors, exerts antitumor effects on many cancers. In the present study, we initially evaluated the effect of AR‐42 towards RB cells and explored the underlying mechanism in this disease. Our results found that AR‐42 showed powerful antitumor effects at low micromolar concentrations by inhibiting cell viability, blocking cell cycle, stimulating apoptosis in vitro, and suppressing RB growth in a mouse subcutaneous tumor xenograft model. Furthermore, the AKT/nuclear factor‐kappa B signaling pathway was disrupted in Y79 cells treated with AR‐42. In conclusion, we propose that AR‐42 might be a promising drug treatment for RB.
Role of nuclear factor‐κB pathway in the transition of mouse secondary follicles to antral follicles
Authors: Xu Jun‐Jie , Wang Guang , Luo Xin , Wang Li‐Jing , Bao Yongping , Yang Xuesong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling is involved in regulating a great number of normal and abnormal cellular events. However, little is known about its role in ovarian follicular development. In this study, we found NF‐κB signaling is activated during the transition from secondary to antral follicles. We generated active NF‐κB mice and found that antral follicular numbers were higher than wild‐type ovaries. Activation of NF‐κB signaling could enhance granulosa cell proliferation and regress granulosa cell apoptosis of mouse ovarian follicles. Higher follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor expressions were observed in active NF‐κB ovaries compared to wild type. Furthermore, we confirmed that NF‐κB signaling was indeed involved in the granulosa cell viability and proliferation through FSHR using COV434 cell line. This is the first experimental evidence that NF‐κB signaling is implicated in the control of follicular development through FSHR and its corresponding target molecules, which might be achieved by targeting proliferation and apoptosis in follicular granulosa cells.
New emerging roles of CD133 in cancer stem cell: Signaling pathway and miRNA regulation
Authors: Aghajani Marjan , Mansoori Behzad , Mohammadi Ali , Asadzadeh Zahra , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSC) are rare immortal cells within a tumor that are able to initiate tumor progression, development, and resistance. Advances studies show that, like normal stem cells, CSCs can be both self‐renewed and given rise to many cell types, therefore form tumors. A number of cell surface markers, such as CD44, CD24, and CD133 are frequently used to identify CSCs. CD133, a transmembrane glycoprotein, either alone or in collaboration with other markers, has been mainly considered to identify CSCs from different solid tumors. However, the exactness of CD133 as a cancer stem cell biomarker has not been approved yet. The clinical importance of CD133 is as a CSC marker in many cancers. Also, it contributes to shorter survival, tumor progression, and tumor recurrence. The expression of CD133 is controlled by many extracellular or intracellular factors, such as tumor microenvironment, epigenetic factors, signaling pathways, and miRNAs. In this study, it was attempted to determine: 1) CD133 function; 2) the role of CD133 in cancer; 3) CD133 regulation; 4) the therapeutic role of CD133 in cancers.
Fucosylated umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cell expansion on selectin‐coated scaffolds
Authors: Islami Maryam , Payandeh Zahra , Dalir Abdolahinia Elaheh , Saburi Ehsan , Soleimanifar Fatemeh , Kehtari Mousa , Mortazavi Yousef , Nadri Samad , Darvish Maryam 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite the advantages of transplantation of umbilical cord blood's (UCB's) hematopoietic stem cells (uHSCs) for hematologic malignancy treatment, there are two major challenges in using them: (a) Insufficient amount of uHSCs in a UCB unit; (b) a defect in uHSCs homing to bone marrow (BM) due to loose binding of their surface glycan ligands to BM's endothelium selectin receptors. To overcome these limitations, after poly l‐lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold establishment and incubation of uHSCs with fucosyltransferase‐VI and GDP‐fucose, ex vivo expansion of these cells on selectin‐coated scaffold was done. The characteristics of the cultured fucosylated and nonfucosylated cells on a two‐dimensional culture system, PLLA, and a selectin‐coated scaffold were evaluated by flow cytometry, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, colony‐forming unit (CFU) assay, and CXCR4 expression at the messenger RNA and protein levels. According to the findings of this study, optimized attachment to the scaffold in scanning electron microscopy micrograph, maximum count of CFU, and the highest 570 nm absorption were observed in fucosylated cells expanded on selectin‐coated scaffolds. Furthermore, real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed the highest expression of the CXCR4 gene, and immunocytochemistry data confirmed that the CXCR4 protein was functional in this group compared with the other groups. Considered together, the results showed that selectin‐coated scaffold could be a supportive structure for fucosylated uHSC expansion and homing by nanotopography. Fucosylated cells placed on the selectin‐coated scaffold serve as a basal surface for cell–cell interaction and more homing potential of uHSCs. Accordingly, this procedure can also be considered as a promising technique for the hematological disorder treatment and tissue engineering applications.
Retracted: Green tea polyphenols attenuate LPS‐induced inflammation through upregulating microRNA‐9 in murine chondrogenic ATDC5 cells
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Wang Yongkun , Zhang Mingran , Ying Hongliang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA), a universal chronic musculoskeletal disorder, is closely related to inflammation. More effective drugs for improving OA outcome are definitely needed. Herein, we attempted to verify the protective role of green tea polyphenols (GTP) after treatment with murine in ATDC5 cells to reveal the regulatory mechanism.MethodsATDC5 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic an inflammatory response during OA. Cell activity, apoptosis, levels of relative proteins, and prophlogistic factors were tested via a Cell Counting Kit‐8 experiment, a flow cytometry experiment, western blot, and RT‐qPCR (ELISA and Western blot), separately. miR‐9 level was detected by RT‐qPCR and altered via miR‐9 mimic and inhibitor transfection. We finally studied MAPK and NF‐κB pathways in GTP‐related modulations using western blot.ResultsLPS caused inflammatory cell damage in ATDC5 cells, showing decreased cell activity, enhanced apoptosis, and increased levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. GTP pretreatments could significantly attenuate LPS‐induced alterations. In addition, LPS‐induced miR‐9 upregulation was further positively regulated in ATDC5 cells. The effects of GTP pretreatments in LPS‐caused ATDC5 cells were enhanced via miR‐9 upregulation, whereas they were reduced via miR‐9 suppression. Finally, we found that GTP pretreatments could suppress the MAPK and NF‐κB pathways through miR‐9 regulation.ConclusionGTP pretreatments attenuated LPS‐induced inflammatory response accompanied by the suppression of the MAPK and NF‐κB pathways via positively regulating miR‐9 in ATDC5 cells.
Dynamics of elastin in liver fibrosis: Accumulates late during progression and degrades slowly in regression
Authors: Chen Wei , Yan Xuzhen , Xu Anjian , Sun Yameng , Wang Bingqiong , Huang Tao , Wang Huan , Cong Min , Wang Ping , Yang Aiting , Jia Jidong , You Hong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElastin is an amorphous protein highly resistant to elastase degradation and is believed to be the most stable component among the extracellular matrix (ECM) members. Thus the excessive deposition of elastin in advanced liver fibrosis may contribute to the declining reversibility of the disease. Our previous study has found that elastin crosslinking inhibition can effectively arrest liver fibrosis progression. To further understand the roles of elastin involved in liver fibrosis, we systematically investigated the expression, accumulation, and degradation based on dynamic and bidirectional CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis mouse models and visualized the ultrastructure of elastin globules in cultured LX‐2 cells. We found that the expression pattern of tropoelastin (soluble elastin) and collagen I was not completely comparable at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels during liver fibrosis progression and regression. Elastin mainly accumulated onto the internodular fibrous septa and enlarged portal areas and intertwined with collagen I at the late stage of liver fibrosis. Three‐dimensional analysis of elastin and collagen I by confocal immunofluorescence coupled with biochemical analyses revealed that with respect to collagen, elastin deposition was characterized by late aggregation in progression and slow turnover in regression. In addition, we visualized the dynamic ultrastructure of ECM fibers during liver fibrogenesis and fibrolysis and the ultrastructure of elastin globules self‐aggregated by tropoelastin crosslinking. Our current study established new general hallmarks of elastin levels and forms in progressive and regressive liver fibrosis and provided a foundation for further experimental investigation of the growing role of elastin in liver fibrosis regression.
A new concept for total components conversion of lignocellulosic biomass: a promising direction for clean and sustainable production in its bio‐refinery
Authors: Huang Chao , Guo Hai‐Jun , Zhang Hai‐Rong , Xiong Lian , Li Hai‐Long , Chen Xin‐De 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNowadays, biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass by the classical route including hydrolysis, fermentation, and separation has attracted much attention for its great potential to solve the crisis of resources and energy around the world. Generally, three types of wastes (solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes) will be generated during this chemical process which limit its industrialization and bring some environmental issues. Efficient conversion of these components to high value‐added products can increase the profits of bio‐refinery and reduce the generation of wastes. In the article, a new concept for total components conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is introduced. This concept uses ABE (acetone–butanol–ethanol) production from lignocellulosic biomass, one of the most attractive technologies in bio‐refinery, as the platform of conversion. In this platform, the residue of hydrolysis, end gas of fermentation, and downstream wastewater of fermentation can be converted into high value‐added products such as polyols, mix‐alcohols, bio‐products, etc. Different from traditional total components conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, this concept is a process of ‘simultaneous separation and conversion’, and it can be applied in many actual practices and therefore can promote the industrialization of bio‐refinery. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
MRI evaluation of the placenta from normal variants to abnormalities of implantation and malignancies
Authors: Zaghal Arwa A. , Hussain Hero K. , Berjawi Ghina A. 
Published: May 2019

Even though the placenta has been known for millennia, it is still considered one of the most complex and least understood human organs. Imaging of the placenta is gaining attention due to its impact on fetal and maternal outcomes. MRI plays a vital role in evaluation of inconclusive cases by ultrasonography. It enables precise mapping of placental abnormalities for proper multidisciplinary planning and management. In this article we provide a comprehensive in‐depth review of the role of antenatal MR in evaluating "The Placenta." We will describe the protocols and techniques used for MRI of the placenta, review anatomy of the placenta, describe MRI features of major placental abnormalities including those related to position, depth of implantation, hemorrhage, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, and retained products of conception and discuss the added value of MRI in the management and preoperative planning of such abnormalities.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1702–1717.
X‐nuclei imaging: Current state, technical challenges, and future directions
Authors: Hu Ruomin , Kleimaier Dennis , Malzacher Matthias , Hoesl Michaela A.U. , Paschke Nadia K. , Schad Lothar R. 
Published: May 2019

1H imaging is concerned with contrast generation among anatomically distinct soft tissues. X‐nuclei imaging, on the other hand, aims to reveal the underlying changes in the physiological processes on a cellular level. Advanced clinical MR hardware systems improved1H image quality and simultaneously enabled X‐nuclei imaging. Adaptation of1H methods and optimization of both sequence design and postprocessing protocols launched X‐nuclei imaging past feasibility studies and into clinical studies. This review outlines the current state of X‐nuclei MRI, with the focus on23Na,35Cl,39K, and17O. Currently, various aspects of technical challenges limit the possibilities of clinical X‐nuclei MRI applications. To address these challenges, quintessential physical and technical concepts behind different applications are presented, and the advantages and drawbacks are delineated. The working process for methods such as quantification and multiquantum imaging is shown step‐by‐step. Clinical examples are provided to underline the potential value of X‐nuclei imaging in multifaceted areas of application. In conclusion, the scope of the latest technical advance is outlined, and suggestions to overcome the most fundamental hurdles on the way into clinical routine by leveraging the full potential of X‐nuclei imaging are presented.Level of Evidence:1Technical Efficacy Stage:3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:355–376.
Hemodynamics of cerebral veins analyzed by 2d and 4d flow mri and ultrasound in healthy volunteers and patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Schuchardt Florian F. , Kaller Christoph P. , Strecker Christoph , Lambeck Johann , Wehrum Thomas , Hennemuth Anja , Anastasopoulos Constantinos , Mader Irina , Harloff Andreas 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundHemodynamic alterations of extracranial veins are considered an etiologic factor in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, ultrasound and MRI studies could not confirm a pathophysiological link. Because of technical challenges using standard diagnostics, information about the involvement of superficial intracranial veins in proximity to the affected brain in MS is scarce.PurposeTo comprehensively investigate the hemodynamics of intracranial veins and of the venous outflow tract in MS patients and controls.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwenty‐eight patients with relapsing‐remitting MS (EDSS1.9 ± 1.1; range 0–3) and 41 healthy controls.Field Strength/Sequence3T/2D phase‐contrast and time‐resolved 4D flow MRI, extra‐ and transcranial sonography.AssessmentHemodynamics within the superficial and deep intracranial venous system and outflow tract including the internal, basal, and great cerebral vein, straight, superior sagittal, and transverse sinuses, internal jugular and vertebral veins. Sonography adhered to the chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) criteria.Statistical TestsMultivariate repeated measure analysis of variance, Student's two‐sample t‐test, chi‐square, Fisher's exact test; separate analysis of the entire cohort and 32 age‐ and sex‐matched participants.ResultsMulti‐ and univariate main effects of the factor group (MS patient vs. control) and its interactions with the factor vessel position (lower flow within dorsal superior sagittal sinus in MS, 3 ± 1 ml/s vs. 3.8 ± 1 ml/s; P < 0.05) in the uncontrolled cohort were attributable to age‐related differences. Age‐ and sex‐matched pairs showed a different velocity gradient in a single segment within the deep cerebral veins (great cerebral vein, vena cerebri magna [VCM] 7.6 ± 1.7 cm/s; straight sinus [StS] 10.5 ± 2.2 cm/s vs. volunteers: VCM 9.2 ± 2.3 cm/s; StS 10.2 ± 2.3 cm/s; P = 0.01), reaching comparable velocities instantaneously downstream. Sonography was not statistically different between groups.Data ConclusionConsistent with previous studies focusing on extracranial hemodynamics, our comprehensive analysis of intracerebral venous blood flow did not reveal relevant differences between MS patients and controls.Level of Evidence 1.Technical Efficacy Stage 3. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:205–217.
Cortical and thalamic inputs exert cell type‐specific feedforward inhibition on striatal GABAergic interneurons
Authors: Assous Maxime , Tepper James M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe classical view of striatal GABAergic interneuron function has been that they operate as largely independent, parallel, feedforward inhibitory elements providing inhibitory inputs to spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Much recent evidence has shown that the extrinsic innervation of striatal interneurons is not indiscriminate but rather very specific, and that striatal interneurons are themselves interconnected in a cell type‐specific manner. This suggests that the ultimate effect of extrinsic inputs on striatal neuronal activity depends critically on synaptic interactions within interneuronal circuitry. Here, we compared the cortical and thalamic input to two recently described subtypes of striatal GABAergic interneurons, tyrosine hydroxylase‐expressing interneurons (THINs), and spontaneously active bursty interneurons (SABIs) using transgenic TH‐Cre and Htr3a‐Cre mice of both sexes. Our results show that both THINs and SABIs receive strong excitatory input from the motor cortex and the thalamic parafascicular nucleus. Cortical optogenetic stimulation also evokes disynaptic inhibitory GABAergic responses in THINs but not in SABIs. In contrast, optogenetic stimulation of the parafascicular nucleus induces disynaptic inhibitory responses in both interneuron populations. However, the short‐term plasticity of these disynaptic inhibitory responses is different suggesting the involvement of different intrastriatal microcircuits. Altogether, our results point to highly specific interneuronal circuits that are selectively engaged by different excitatory inputs.
Tropical cyclone activity over Bay of Bengal in relation to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation
Authors: Bhardwaj Pankaj , Pattanaik Dushmanta R. , Singh Omvir 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe present paper investigates the impact of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Bay of Bengal tropical cyclone (TC) activity and associated alterations in environmental conditions during post‐monsoon (October–December) season for a period of 44 years (1972–2015). The analysis reveals that the post‐monsoon season TCs frequency, accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) and power dissipation index (PDI) values are negatively correlated with the Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (significant at the 95% confidence level). La Niña years are characterized by more frequent and intense cyclonic events compared with El Niño years. The mean ACE and PDI values are approximately two times higher in La Niña than El Niño years. The mean number of TC days per year is also higher in La Niña (7.64 days) than El Niño (3.68 days) years (significant at 95% confidence level). In addition, a significant shift in genesis locations, tracks and landfalling locations of TCs has been observed under different ENSO phases. The mean genesis location of TCs have shifted eastward with tendency of more recurving tracks in La Niña than El Niño years. The presence of strong convective activity, reduced vertical wind shear, high SST (≥28°C), enhanced mid‐tropospheric relative humidity and low‐level cyclonic circulation aids the TCs formation and strengthening during La Niña and vice‐versa in El Niño conditions.