bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term management of horses with atopic dermatitis in southeastern England: a retrospective questionnaire study of owners’ perceptions
Authors: Loeffler Anette , Herrick Desiree , Allen Serena , Littlewood Janet D. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundAllergic pruritus and urticaria in the horse are challenging for veterinarians and owners; little is known about their long‐term management.ObjectivesTo summarize intradermal allergen test results (IDT), and to assess owners’ perceptions of skin disease and the effects of medical treatment and management changes in their atopic horses over time.AnimalsEighty two horses with atopic dermatitis in southeastern England between 2006 and 2011.Methods and materialsTheIDTresults were reviewed retrospectively. Owners completed telephone questionnaires on skin changes, medication, effect of allergen‐specific immunotherapy (ASIT) and management.ResultsSixty one owners (74.4%) could be contacted, an average of 5.9 years (range 28–88 months) afterIDT; of those, three could not be enrolled. Of the 58 remaining horses, eleven (19%) were deceased at the time of owner interview, including four (6.9%) euthanized due to uncontrollable skin disease. The remaining 47 owners reported that the signs of skin disease had not been seen for at least two years in 18 horses (38.3%), including two that only flared with known triggers. Twenty nine horses (61.7%) still required medication to control skin disease although 25 (53.2%) required less since testing. Owners reported benefit fromASITin nine of 14 horses (64.3%) from glucocorticoids in 33 of 35 (94.3%) and from antihistamines in 17 of 28 (60.7%). Specific management changes were implemented for 22 horses and reported as beneficial in nine of 22 (40.9%).ConclusionsEquine atopic dermatitis may not always be chronic, but severe cases appear difficult to control.IDTmay help to formulateASITand can help to guide management changes.
Thromboxane and histamine mediate PVR elevation during xenogeneic pig lung perfusion with human blood
Authors: Burdorf Lars , Harris Donald , Dahi Siamak , Laird Christopher , Zhang Tianshu , Ali Franchesca , Shah Aakash , Thompson Mercedes , Braileanu Gheorghe , Cheng Xiangfei , Sievert Evelyn , Schwartz Evan , Sendil Selin , Parsell Dawn M. , Redding Emily , Phelps Carol J. , Ayares David L. , Azimzadeh Agnes M. , Pierson Richard N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundElevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), platelet adhesion, coagulation activation, and inflammation are prominent features of xenolung rejection. Here, we evaluate the role of thromboxane and histamine on PVR, and their contribution to other lung xenograft injury mechanisms.MethodsGalTKO.hCD46 single pig lungs were perfused ex vivo with fresh heparinized human blood: lungs were either treated with 1‐Benzylimidazole (1‐BIA) combined with histamine receptor blocker famotidine (n = 4) or diphenhydramine (n = 6), 1‐BIA alone (n = 6) or were left untreated (n = 9).ResultsSix of the nine control experiments (GalTKO.hCD46 untreated), “survived” until elective termination at 4 hours. Without treatment, initial PVR elevation within the first 30 minutes resolved partially over the following hour, and increased progressively during the final 2 hours of perfusion. In contrast, 1‐BIA, alone or in addition to either antihistamine treatment, was associated with low stable PVR. Combined treatments significantly lowered the airway pressure when compared to untreated reference. Although platelet and neutrophil sequestration and coagulation cascade activation were not consistently altered by any intervention, increased terminal wet/dry weight ratio in untreated lungs was significantly blunted by combined treatments.ConclusionCombined thromboxane and histamine pathway blockade prevents PVR elevation and significantly inhibits loss of vascular barrier function when GalTKO.hCD46 lungs are perfused with human blood. Platelet activation and platelet and neutrophil sequestration persist in all groups despite efficient complement regulation, and appear to occur independent of thromboxane and histamine antagonism. Our work identifies thromboxane and histamine as key mediators of xenolung injury and defines those pathways as therapeutic targets to achieve successful xenolung transplantation.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Double-Tube-Type Heat Exchanger by Petal-Shaped Tube (Study on Optimum Tube Shape)
Authors: Shakouchi Toshihiko , Matsumoto Yusuke , Tsujimoto Koichi , Ando Toshitake 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Heat exchangers are used widely in many fields, and various kinds of exchanger have been developed according to the requirement of the practical applications. Recently, heat exchangers that are highly efficient or compact have become more desirable from the viewpoint of energy conservation, and several new types have been developed, such as a compact fin tube type and a double tube type having an inner pipe with a special geometry. In this study, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a petal-shaped double tube with a large wetted perimeter of six and five petals and five shallow petals and the effect of tube shape on the heat transfer and heat transfer efficiency were examined experimentally. The heat transfer of the double tube with a petal-shaped inner tube was increased because of the large wetted perimeter, but the pressure loss by friction increased. The optimal shape of the petal-shaped double tube with a high heat transfer performance and the greatest efficiency is discussed.
Comparing organic-hosted and intergranular pore networks: topography and topology in grains, gaps and bubbles
Authors: Andrew Matthew 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The relationship between pore structures was examined using a combination of normalized topographical and topological measurements in two qualitatively different pore systems: organic-hosted porosity, common in unconventional shale reservoirs; and intergranular porosity, common in conventional siliciclastic reservoirs. The organic-hosted pore network was found to be less well connected than the intergranular pore network, with volume-weighted coordination numbers of 1.16 and 8.14 for organic-hosted and intergranular pore systems, respectively. This disparity in coordination number was explained by differences in the pore shapes that are caused by variations in the geological processes associated with the generation of the pore network. Measurements of pore shape showed that the pores in the organic-hosted network were both significantly more spherical and had a more positive curvature distribution than the pores present within the intergranular network. The impact of such changes in pore shape on pore-network connectivity was examined by creating a suite of synthetic pore geometries using both erosion/dilation of the existing network and image-guided object-based methods. Coordination number, Euler characteristic and aggregate porosity analyses performed on these synthetic networks showed that organic-type pore networks become connected at much higher aggregate porosities (35–50%) than intergranular-type pore networks (5–10%).
Intradialytic Activities and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Warsame Fatima , Ying Hao , Haugen Christine E. , Thomas Alvin G. , Crews Deidra C. , Shafi Tariq , Jaar Bernard , Chu Nadia M. , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara A. 
Published: September 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) reflects a patient’s perceived disease burden, treatment effectiveness, and health status. Given the time burden and physiologic effects of hemodialysis, patients who spend dialysis time (9–15 h/week) physically or intellectually engaged may have better HRQOL. We characterized the intradialytic activities and explored their association with HRQOL. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a cross-sectional study of 431 hemodialysis patients, we ascertained kidney-disease-specific quality of life, measured frailty, and surveyed participants about their usual active intradialytic activities (reading, playing games, doing puzzles, chatting, or other) and passive intradialytic activities (watching TV or sleeping). We used adjusted ordered logistic regression to identify correlates of the activity index (the sum of active intradialytic activities) and adjusted linear regression to quantify the association between the activity index and physical-, mental-, and kidney-disease-specific HRQOL. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The 2 most common intradialytic activities were passive activities (watching TV = 87.9%; sleeping = 72.4%). Participants who were female (aOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.28–2.66; <i>p</i> = 0.001), nonfrail (aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.06–2.70; <i>p </i>= 0.03), and nonsmokers (aOR 2.61, 95% CI 1.39–4.90; <i>p</i> = 0.003) had a higher intradialytic activity index after adjustment. Higher intradialytic activity index was associated with better mental- (0.83 points, 95% CI 0.04–1.62; <i>p</i> = 0.04) and kidney-disease-specific HRQOL (1.70 points, 95% CI 0.47–2.93; <i>p</i> = 0.007), but not physical HRQOL. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Hemodialysis patients with more active intradialytic activities report better mental and kidney-disease-specific HRQOL. These results should be confirmed in a prospective study with a broader cohort of hemodialysis patients. Dialysis providers may consider offering patients with low levels of activity additional support and opportunities to engage in beneficial intradialytic activities.
Increasing Sepsis Rates in the United States: Results From National Inpatient Sample, 2005 to 2014
Authors: Rubens Muni , Saxena Anshul , Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan , Das Sankalp , Khera Rohan , Hong Jonathan , Armaignac Donna , Veledar Emir , Nasir Khurram , Gidel Louis 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: To examine the trends in hospitalization rates, mortality, and costs for sepsis during the years 2005 to 2014. Methods: This was a retrospective serial cross-sectional analysis of patients ≥18 years admitted for sepsis in National Inpatient Sample. Trends in sepsis hospitalizations were estimated, and age- and sex-adjusted rates were calculated for the years 2005 to 2014. Results: There were 541 694 sepsis admissions in 2005 and increased to 1 338 905 in 2014. Sepsis rates increased significantly from 1.2% to 2.7% during the years 2005 to 2014 (relative increase: 123.8%; P trend < .001). However, the relative increase changed by 105.8% ( P trend < .001) after adjusting for age and sex and maintained significance. Although total cost of hospitalization due to sepsis increased significantly from US$22.2 to US$38.1 billion ( P trend < .001), the mean hospitalization cost decreased significantly from US$46,470 to US$29,290 ( P trend < .001). Conclusions: Hospitalizations for sepsis increased during the years 2005 to 2014. Our study paradoxically found declining rates of in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and mean hospitalization cost for sepsis. These findings could be due to biases introduced by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification coding rules and increased readmission rates or alternatively due to increased awareness and surveillance and changing disposition status. Standardized epidemiologic registries should be developed to overcome these biases.
Impact of Knee Scooter Flexion Position on Venous Flow Rate
Authors: Ciufo David J. , Anderson Michael R. , Baumhauer Judith F. 
Published: September 2018

Background: The knee scooter is a commonly used mobility device in the setting of unilateral below-knee immobilization. The bent-knee posture has been shown to decrease venous flow in a seated position, but the knee scooter differs as the patient is weightbearing through the affected extremity. Our goal was to investigate the effects of knee scooter positioning on popliteal venous flow. Methods: Duplex ultrasonography was performed to obtain venous diameter and flow velocity of the popliteal vein on healthy subjects over the age of 18 without immobilization. Measurements were performed on the left knee of each subject while standing and with the same knee flexed on the knee scooter, by 2 physicians trained in ultrasound techniques. Mean velocity, peak velocity, vessel diameter, and volumetric flow rate were calculated and t tests were performed for each variable. A power analysis was performed, determining that 9 subjects would provide 80% power with an alpha of 0.05. A total of 13 subjects participated in the study. Mean age was 33 (range 20-56) years, with 6 females and 7 males. Results: Measurements of subjects while standing and on the knee scooter demonstrated a significant decrease in mean velocity (6.5 vs 3.2 cm/s, P < .01) and volumetric flow rate (227.8 vs 106.2 mL/min, P < .01) while subjects were using the scooter. Vessel diameter (0.82 vs 0.78 cm, P = .15) and peak velocities (19.8 vs 14.7 cm/s, P = .19) were not significantly different between standing and kneeling positions. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in volumetric flow rate in subjects using a knee scooter device with a flexed knee. Although venous stasis is a known risk factor for DVT, flow rate thresholds for increased thrombus formation are not well defined. The duration of scooter use, or flexed knee positioning, may have some effect on the degree of stasis. This finding should caution orthopedists to consider the risk attributed to the knee scooter as part of their overall patient assessment. Level of Evidence: Level II, therapeutic, comparative study.
A pilot randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of two 14-day primaquine regimens for the radical cure of vivax malaria in South India
Authors: Saravu Kavitha , Tellapragada Chaitanya , Kulavalli Shrivathsa , Xavier Wilbin , Umakanth Shashikiran , Brahmarouphu Gouthami , Srinivas Navyasree Kola , Channabasavaiah Jagadish Puralae , Bava Anzil , Saadi Abdul Vahab , Guddattu Vasudev , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu , Bhat Krishnamurthy 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
Radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria requires treatment with a blood schizonticide and a hypnozoitocide (primaquine) to eradicate the dormant liver stages. There has been uncertainty about the operational effectiveness and optimum dosing of the currently recommended 14-day primaquine (PQ) course.

Methods
A two centre, randomized, open-label, two arm study was conducted in South India. Patients were randomized to receive either high dose (0.5 mg base/kg body weight) or conventional dose (0.25 mg/kg) PQ for 14 days. Plasma concentrations of PQ and carboxyprimaquine (CPQ) on the 7th day of treatment were measured by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Study subjects were followed up for 6 months. Recurrent infections were genotyped using capillary fragment length polymorphism of two PCR-amplified microsatellite markers (MS07 and MS 10).

Results
Fifty patients were enrolled. Baseline characteristics and laboratory features did not differ significantly between the groups. Mean age of the study population was 42 ± 16.0 years. Recurrences 80–105 days later occurred in 4 (8%) patients, two in each the groups. All recurrences had the same microsatellite genotype as that causing the index infection suggesting all were relapses. One relapse was associated with low CPQ concentrations suggesting poor adherence.

Conclusions
This small pilot trial supports the effectiveness of the currently recommended lower dose (0.25 mg/kg/day) 14 day PQ regimen for the radical cure of vivax malaria in South India.
Trial registration Clinical Trials Registry-India, CTRI/2017/03/007999. Registered 3 March 2017, http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/regtrial.php?modid=1&compid=19&EncHid=82755.86366.
KLF4, a miR-32-5p targeted gene, promotes cisplatin-induced apoptosis by upregulating BIK expression in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Lu , Li Xiaojie , Chao Yulin , He Ruiping , Liu Junqiang , Yuan Yi , Zhao Wenzhi , Han Chuanchun , Song Xishuang 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
Chemotherapeutic insensitivity remains a big challenge in prostate cancer treatment. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that KLF4 plays a key role in prostate cancer. However, the potential biological role of KLF4 in Chemotherapeutic insensitivity of prostate cancer is still unknown.

Methods
The role of KLF4 in cisplatin-induced apoptosis was detected by western blotting and a cell counting kit (CCK8). The potential molecular mechanism of KLF4 in regulating prostate cancer chemosensitivity was investigated by RNA sequencing analysis, q-RT-PCR, western blotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The expression level of KLF4 mediated by miR-32-5p was confirmed by bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assays.

Results
Here, we found that KLF4 was induced by cisplatin in prostate cancer cells and that the increase in KLF4 promoted cell apoptosis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that KLF4 directly bound to the promoter of BIK, facilitating its transcription. Additionally, we also found that the gene encoding KLF4 was a direct target of miR-32-5p. The downregulation of miR-32-5p in response to cisplatin treatment promoted KLF4 expression, which resulted in a increase in the chemosensitivity of prostate cancer.

Conclusion
Thus, our data revealed that KLF4 is an essential regulator in cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and the miR-32-5p-KLF4-BIK signalling axis plays an important role in prostate cancer chemosensitivity.
Computer-based automatic classification of trabecular bone pattern can assist radiographic bone quality assessment at dental implant site
Authors: Nicolielo Laura Ferreira Pinheiro , Van Dessel Jeroen , van Lenthe G. Harry , Lambrichts Ivo , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: September 2018

Objective:
To develop and validate an automated classification method that determines the trabecular bone pattern at implant site based on three-dimensional bone morphometric parameters derived from CBCT images.

Methods:
25 human cadaver mandibles were scanned using CBCT clinical scanning protocol. Volumes-of-interest comprising only the trabecular bone of the posterior regions were selected and segmented for three-dimensional morphometric parameters calculation. Three experts rated all bone regions into one of the three trabecular pattern classes (sparse, intermediate and dense) to generate a reference classification. Morphometric parameters were used to automatically classify the trabecular pattern with linear discriminant analysis statistical model. The discriminatory power of each morphometric parameter for automatic classification was indicated and the accuracy compared to the reference classification. Repeated-measures analysis of variances were used to statistically compare morphometric indices between the three classes. Finally, the outcome of the automatic classification was evaluated against a subjective classification performed independently by four different observers

Results:
The overall correct classification was 83% for quantity-, 86% for structure-related parameters and 84% for the parameters combined. Cross-validation showed a 79% model prediction accuracy. Bone volume fraction (BV/TV) had the most discriminatory power in the automatic classification. Trabecular bone patterns could be distinguished based on most morphometric parameters, except for trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and degree of anisotropy (DA). The interobserver agreement between the subjective observers was fair (0.25), while the test-retest agreement was moderate (0.46). In comparison with the reference standard, the overall agreement was moderate (0.44).

Conclusion:
Automatic classification performed better than subjective classification with a prediction model comprising structure- and quantity-related morphometric parameters.

Advances in knowledge:
Computer-aided trabecular bone pattern assessment based on morphometric parameters could assist objectivity in clinical bone quality classification.
Inadequate survivorship care after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Thaw Sunn Sunn , Holtan Shernan , Cao Qing , Franklin Michael , Paye Nyan , Blaes Anne 
Published: September 2018

Background: Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) survivors are at risk of developing long-term complications. Guidelines for survivorship care of HCT recipients were published in 2012; however, the degree to which these guidelines are incorporated into clinical practice is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether providers utilize the 2012 guidelines and analyze whether survivorship-focused providers, provider gender, or provider year of practice influenced adherence to these guidelines. Methods: Adult allogeneic HCT recipient’s medical records were reviewed at the University of Minnesota between 2010 and 2012; only patients who survived without relapse to their 2-year follow-up visit after HCT were included. A semi-quantitative scoring system was developed providing 1 point for each of the 13 organ systems assessed by the 2012 survivorship care guidelines. Data was collected on history, clinical exam, laboratory tests, preventive measures, and counseling. The primary endpoint was the overall score for adherence to the survivorship care guidelines. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous and Chi-square tests for categorical factors were used to compare the overall score between provider groups (survivorship-focused providers vs others), provider gender, and provider year of practice (≥10 years vs <10 years). Results: Fifteen providers (9 male, 3 survivorship-focused, 7 with <10 years of practice) provided follow-up care to 77 HCT survivors. Survivorship-focused providers had a higher median overall score than other providers (median 10 vs 8, p<0.01). Female providers had a higher median overall score than male providers (median 9.0 vs 8, p<0.01). There was no difference in median overall score based on provider year of experience (p=0.43). Conclusions: In conclusion, survivorship-focused providers were more likely to achieve long-term screening recommendations. However, even within this group, adherence to the 2012 screening and preventive practice guidelines was incomplete. Further efforts to automate and standardize the survivorship assessments in HCT survivors are necessary.