bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aging of the Upper Lip: Part II. Evidence-Based Rejuvenation of the Upper Lip—A Review of 500 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Tonnard Patrick L. , Verpaele Alexis M. , Ramaut Lisa E. , Blondeel Phillip N. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Findings from photometric analysis of soft tissue on cranial magnetic resonance imaging demonstrate that the aging upper lip shows significant lengthening, thinning, volume loss, and deepening of the nasolabial folds. In this study, these findings are implemented in a review of 500 cases of upper lip rejuvenation to propose an evidence-based strategy for surgical rejuvenation of the upper lip.

Methods:
The charts of 500 consecutive surgical perioral rejuvenation patients treated by the senior authors (P.L.T. and A.M.V.) from 2014 until 2018 were reviewed. The surgical methods of lip lift and fat grafting were described in relation to the cases and the metric data.

Results:
Of the 500 patients, 51 had an isolated procedure such as a lip lift (3 percent), lip augmentation (3 percent), augmentation of the nasolabial folds (2 percent), or skin resurfacing (2 percent). The remaining 449 patients underwent combinations of lip lift, augmentation of the lip and nasolabial fold (32 percent), lip lift with augmentation of the lip and nasolabial fold with resurfacing (30 percent), lip augmentation and resurfacing (14 percent), or lip lift and resurfacing (14 percent).

Conclusions:
Rejuvenating the upper lip needs to address both lengthening and volume loss. This requires a combination of surgical shortening of the upper lip by a precisely designed lip lift and a differential filling of certain upper lip regions by microfat grafting. The combination of these two modalities works synergistically.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Improving the Measurement of Transactional Sex in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Review
Authors: Wamoyi Joyce , Ranganathan Meghna , Kyegombe Nambusi , Stoebenau Kirsten 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Transactional sex, or informal sexual exchange, is considered to be an important contributing factor to the disproportionately high HIV infection rates experienced by adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Nonetheless, confusion remains over how best to define and measure this practice, hindering efforts to mitigate the role of transactional sex in the epidemic. We critically review current measures and offer evidence-based recommendations for improvement.

Setting:
Although transactional sex is practiced around the world, we focus attention on the definition and measurement of this practice in sub-Saharan Africa, given the role it plays in young women's risk of HIV in this region.

Methods:
We relied on both secondary and primary data sources. We draw on a systematic review of literature on transactional sex from sub-Saharan Africa and interview data from both key informants and cognitive interviews (n = 160) with young women (ages 14–24) and men (ages 18–35) in Uganda and Tanzania.

Results:
We find current measures are inconsistent, conflate transactional sex with sex work, and fail to capture the gendered nature of the practice. We provide an evidence-based definition of transactional sex that guides our measurement recommendations. We then detail the development of improved measures through cognitive interviews. Finally, we offer recommended approaches to improved measurement of transactional sex for women and men in large-scale surveys.

Conclusions:
Improved measures are critical for accurate estimation of the prevalence of transactional sex and assessment of the extent to which transactional sex determines HIV risk.
Heterogeneous HIV-1 Reactivation Patterns of Disulfiram and Combined Disulfiram+Romidepsin Treatments
Authors: Kula Anna , Delacourt Nadège , Bouchat Sophie , Darcis Gilles , Avettand-Fenoel Veronique , Verdikt Roxane , Corazza Francis , Necsoi Coca , Vanhulle Caroline , Bendoumou Maryam , Burny Arsene , De Wit Stephane , Rouzioux Christine , Rohr Oliver , Van Lint Carine 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:
Few single latency-reversing agents (LRAs) have been tested in vivo, and only some of them have demonstrated an effect, albeit weak, on the decrease of latent reservoir. Therefore, other LRAs and combinations of LRAs need to be assessed. Here, we evaluated the potential of combined treatments of therapeutically promising LRAs, disulfiram and romidepsin.

Setting and Methods:
We assessed the reactivation potential of individual disulfiram or simultaneous or sequential combined treatments with romidepsin in vitro in latently infected cell lines of T-lymphoid and myeloid origins and in ex vivo cultures of CD8+-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 18 HIV-1+ combination antiretroviral therapy–treated individuals.

Results:
We demonstrated heterogeneous reactivation effects of disulfiram in vitro in various cell lines of myeloid origin and no latency reversal neither in vitro in T-lymphoid cells nor ex vivo, even if doses corresponding to maximal plasmatic concentration or higher were tested. Disulfiram+romidepsin combined treatments produced distinct reactivation patterns in vitro. Ex vivo, the combined treatments showed a modest reactivation effect when used simultaneously as opposed to no viral reactivation for the corresponding sequential treatment.

Conclusions:
Exclusive reactivation effects of disulfiram in myeloid latency cell lines suggest that disulfiram could be a potential LRA for this neglected reservoir. Moreover, distinct reactivation profiles pinpoint heterogeneity of the latent reservoir and confirm that the mechanisms that contribute to HIV latency are diverse. Importantly, disulfiram+romidepsin treatments are not potent ex vivo and most likely do not represent an effective drug combination to achieve high levels of latency reversal in vivo.
Brief Report: Changes in Behavior After PrEP Initiation Among Australian Gay and Bisexual Men
Authors: Prestage Garrett , Maher Lisa , Grulich Andrew , Bourne Adam , Hammoud Mohamed , Vaccher Stefanie , Bavinton Benjamin , Holt Martin , Jin Fengyi 
Published: February 2019

Introduction:
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been increasingly adopted by gay and bisexual men (GBM). Little is known about whether individual GBM change their sexual behavior after PrEP initiation.

Methods:
Following Lives Undergoing Change (Flux) is a national, online, prospective observational study among Australian GBM. Using McNemar statistics, we compare rates of sexual behaviors before and coincident with PrEP initiation among 1518 non–HIV-positive men recruited between August 2014 and July 2017 who had not commenced PrEP at baseline and who completed at least one 6-monthly follow-up surveys by July 2018.

Results:
The proportion of men using PrEP rose to 24.2% over time. In total, 348 men initiated PrEP during follow-up. PrEP initiators were more likely to report particular sexual behaviors during the follow-up period that they commenced PrEP compared with the period immediately prior: receptive condomless anal intercourse with casual partners increased from 31.0% to 48.9% (McNemar < 0.001); mean partner number increased from 21.96 partners to 34.55 partners (p-trend < 0.001). Among the 1170 men who did not initiate PrEP, prevalence of these behaviors remained lower and stable. Sexual sensation-seeking and gay social engagement were both higher among men who commenced PrEP.

Conclusions:
GBM tended to increase their engagement in “adventurous” sexual behaviors after PrEP initiation. Sexual behaviors among men who did not initiate PrEP were less common and did not change over time.
18F FDG Uptake Due to Late-Onset Osteoradionecrosis for Tongue Base Carcinoma
Authors: Dholam Kanchan P. , Singh Gurkaran Preet , Agarwal Jai Prakash , Mahajan Abhishek 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Differentiating osteoradionecrosis (ORN) from tumor recurrence is challenging. This report is rare documentation of false-positive 18F-FDG PET scan attributed to ORN in a patient previously treated for carcinoma of base of tongue (Ca BOT). Extraordinarily high 18F-FDG uptake was seen in right ramus (SUVmax, 17.4), left body mandible (SUVmax, 13.6) with left pleural deposits (SUVmax, 17.4). Tumor recurrence was suspected. Pleural fluid aspirate showed evidence of metastatic disease. However, CT-guided biopsy of mandibular lesions revealed necrotic tissue. Hence diagnosis of ORN was established. Patient was put on palliative chemotherapy. No mandibular recurrence was noted during 6-month follow-up period.
Multifocal Small Bowel Carcinoid
Authors: Clark Michael , Nathan Mark , Broski Stephen M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Carcinoid is a subtype of neuroendocrine tumor, a rare group of tumors that are known to express somatostatin receptor 2. 68Ga-DOTATATE is a somatostatin analog that is specific for somatostatin receptor 2 and therefore allows visualization of neuroendocrine tumors. We present 2 cases of primary multifocal small bowel carcinoid evaluated using 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, along with contrast-enhanced CT corollary findings. Given the increased sensitivity of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT compared with CT and 111In-octreotide scintigraphy, we expect multifocal carcinoid to become increasingly recognized.
Meningeal Metastasis Relapse With Focal Involvement of Cranial Bone Flap
Authors: Louarn Nicolas , Dauta Aurélie , Lechapt-Zalcman Emmanuèle , Kauv Paul , Itti Emmanuel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A 63-year-old woman was referred to our PET/MRI platform to evaluate the possible relapse of a meningeal metastasis, complicating an invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. This metastasis was diagnosed on a left hemiparesis and treated by surgery and radiation therapy. One year later, the same symptoms led to another brain MRI examination that found a contrast-enhanced lesion in the operating site. We decided to perform a 18F-DOPA PET/MRI to document this lesion, which confirmed the diagnosis of a probable relapse and revealed a focal uptake on the bone flap.
Novel Functional Renal PET Imaging With 18F-FDS in Human Subjects
Authors: Werner Rudolf A. , Ordonez Alvaro A. , Sanchez-Bautista Julian , Marcus Charles , Lapa Constantin , Rowe Steven P. , Pomper Martin G. , Leal Jeffrey P. , Lodge Martin A. , Javadi Mehrbod S. , Jain Sanjay K. , Higuchi Takahiro 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The novel PET probe 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-d-sorbitol (18F-FDS) has demonstrated favorable renal kinetics in animals. We aimed to elucidate its imaging properties in 2 human volunteers. 18F-FDS was produced by a simple 1-step reduction from 18F-FDG. On dynamic renal PET, the cortex was delineated and activity gradually transited in the parenchyma, followed by radiotracer excretion. No adverse effects were reported. Given the higher spatiotemporal resolution of PET relative to conventional scintigraphy, 18F-FDS PET offers a more thorough evaluation of human renal kinetics. Due to its simple production from 18F-FDG, 18F-FDS is virtually available at any PET facility with radiochemistry infrastructure.
Prostate Cancer Pulmonary Metastasis Presenting as a Ground-Glass Pulmonary Nodule on 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT
Authors: Lubin David J. , Holden Stuart B. , Rettig Matthew B. , Reiter Robert E. , King Christopher R. , Lee Jay M. , Wallace Dean W. , Calais Jeremie 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen 11 (PSMA) PET/CT imaging accurately depicts metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa). Pulmonary metastases of PCa are often overlooked on follow-up imaging in patients after initial treatment and following androgen deprivation therapy. Here we present a rare case of biopsy-proven PCa pulmonary metastasis with a ground-glass appearance. The increased PSMA expression and the evolving CT features of the solid component of the ground-glass nodule detected by PSMA PET/CT imaging led to surgical resection and PET/CT-guided therapy.
An Isolated Osseous Rosai-Dorfman Disease Shown on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Zadeh Mahdi Zirakchian , Wen Zhe , States Lisa J. , Zhuang Hongming 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Rosai-Dorfman disease is typically presented as lymphadenopathy, especially in the neck. Extranodal diseases also frequently occur but are generally concurrent with nodal disease. We report FDG PET/CT findings of solitary femoral Rosai-Dorfman disease without any lymphadenopathy in a pediatric patient.
Hyperfunctioning Papillary Microcarcinoma Diagnosed by 124I PET/Ultrasound Fusion Imaging
Authors: Seifert Philipp , Gühne Falk , Freesmeyer Martin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A 49-year-old woman presented with a multinodular goiter, causing local symptoms and hyperthyroisdism. Besides a hypofunctioning benign nodule (TIRADS 3, benign in FNAC), the conventional diagnostic revealed another small hyperfunctioning nodule with suspicious ultrasound features (TIRADS 4C). To rule out a trapping-only nodule and topographical misalignments, a 124I PET/ultrasound fusion was performed and confirmed elevated iodine uptake within the suspicious nodule. Further disseminated autonomous areas are suspected to be additionally responsible for the low TSH-level. Because of the local cervical symptoms and the hyperthyroidism, the patient underwent surgery. The small hyperfunctioning nodule turned out to be a classic papillary microcarcinoma.
Hospital Environmental Effects on Sleep in Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury in Rehabilitation
Authors: Amato Shelly , Anthony Mary K. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to describe sleep patterns of adults with traumatic brain injury and examine effects of environmental stressors (patient care activities and light) on patterns of sleep.

Design
A descriptive, correlational, explanatory design was used for this study.

Methods
Sixty-three subjects with traumatic brain injury (>18 years) on an acute traumatic brain injury rehabilitation unit wore an Actiwatch for 48 hours to collect light and sleep data. Patient care activity data were collected between 11 p.m. and 7 a.m.

Findings
Patient care activities and light occurred between 11 p.m. and 7 a.m. Nighttime sleep duration and sleep efficiency were explained by patient care activities, whereas light explained wake time after sleep onset.

Conclusion
Patient care activities and light serve as environmental stressors that affect sleep.

Clinical Relevance
Results necessitate examining the need and timing of nursing care activities and light during nighttime. Findings provide a basis for policy changes that optimize sleep.
Accuracy of Physical Examination, Transvaginal Sonography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Rectal Endoscopic Sonography for Preoperative Evaluation of Rectovaginal Endometriosis
Authors: Chen Ying-Han , Wang Dan-Bo , Guo Cui-Shan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of physical examination, transvaginal sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and rectal endoscopic sonography for the identification of rectovaginal endometriosis and potential rectal infiltration. Women with suspected rectovaginal endometriosis underwent physical examination, transvaginal sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and rectal endoscopic sonography. Evaluation was performed for the presence of rectovaginal endometriotic foci and rectal infiltration. The findings obtained with these methods were compared with those of surgical and histopathological examination. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values were evaluated for each method. Rectovaginal endometriosis was histologically confirmed in 21 (72.4%) of 29 women. With respect to diagnosis of rectovaginal endometriosis, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of physical examination were 95.2%, 62.5%, and 86.2%; those of transvaginal sonography were 42.9%, 87.5%, and 55.2%; those of magnetic resonance imaging were 90.5%, 87.5%, and 89.7%; and those of rectal endoscopic sonography were 81.0%, 75.0%, and 79.3%, respectively. With respect to identification of rectal infiltration, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of transvaginal sonography were 26.7%, 85.7%, and 55.2%; those of magnetic resonance imaging were 73.3%, 92.9%, and 82.8%; and those of rectal endoscopic sonography were 86.7%, 85.7%, and 86.2%, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging combined with physical examination seem to be the main approach for the presurgical assessment of rectovaginal endometriosis. Rectal endoscopic sonography is a worthwhile method for the diagnosis of rectal infiltration.
Autologous Fibrin Glue With Collagen Carrier During Maxillary Sinus Lift Procedure
Authors: Leighton Yerko , Weber Benjamin , Rosas Eduardo , Pinto Nelson , Borie Eduardo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to describe the use of autologous fibrin glue (AFG) with a collagen carrier during maxillary sinus lift procedures with immediate implants during 3 years of follow-up. Twelve patients who had lost their teeth in the region associated to maxillary sinus, with a bone remnant 3 to 5 mm in height, were selected to perform a maxillary sinus augmentation with AFG and collagen membrane, placing the implant immediately. After 5 months, the implants were connected and rehabilitated. The patients were followed-up for a 3-year period, being evaluated every 6 months. At the end of the 3-year follow-up period, 100% implant success was observed, with a mean of bone augmentation of 7.75 mm. Three maxillary sinus membranes were perforated and healed by using AFG and collagen membrane without identify any complication during the follow-up period. Finally, the use of collagen carrier combined with AFG as a filling material during the maxillary sinus lift procedure may be a low-cost and reliable alternative that allows bone formation.
The Role of Fat Grafting in the Treatment of Keloid Scars and Venous Ulcers
Authors: Williams Eva A. , Thaller Seth R. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Autologous fat grafting is an increasingly popular practice in the field of plastic surgery. Since the 1980s, it has become one of the most commonly performed procedures by plastic surgeons. Fat grafting has applications in a variety of clinical scenarios, ranging from breast reconstruction to facial volume loss. Recently, the benefit of fat grafting has been employed in wound healing and the treatment of troublesome scars. In this article, we describe the role of fat grafting in the treatment of keloid scars and venous ulcers.
A Case of Schizophrenia With Catatonia Resistant to Lorazepam and Olanzapine Monotherapy But Responsive to Combination Treatment: Is It Time to Consider Using Select Second-Generation Antipsychotics Earlier in the Treatment Algorithm for This Patient Type?
Authors: Spiegel David R. , Glad Rachel , Smith Melanie , Raja Uzair , Wade Ryan , Johnson Kelsey 
Published: February 2019

Objective
Catatonia is a distinct psychomotor syndrome that involves a constellation of up to 40 different symptoms. Although conventionally responsive to benzodiazepines, the catatonic syndrome is much more resistant to benzodiazepine treatment when a feature of schizophrenia.

Method
We present a patient with schizophrenia with catatonic symptoms, marginally responsive to lorazepam challenge, lorazepam, and olanzapine monotherapy, but ultimately began combination treatment with these 2 medications.

Results
Our patient's score on the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale significantly decreased after 2 weeks of combination lorazepam and olanzapine without adverse effects.

Conclusion
We propose a modification to the standard treatment protocol for catatonia, especially in those patients with schizophrenia with catatonic features.
How Much Do Benzodiazepines Matter for Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Major Depression?
Authors: Delamarre Lysandre , Galvao Filipe , Gohier Bénédicte , Poulet Emmanuel , Brunelin Jerome 
Published: February 2019

Background
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), especially in cases of treatment-resistant MDD. Because of their pharmacological profiles, benzodiazepines (BZDs) are suspected to decrease the efficacy of ECT. This study investigated the effect of BZDs on ECT-induced clinical outcomes and ECT course parameters in patients with MDD.

Method
The impact of BZDs on severity of depression (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores) and on ECT course parameters (seizure threshold, clinical and electroencephalographic seizure duration) was investigated in 70 patients with MDD who received an ECT course using dose-titration method (22 received concomitant BZDs).

Results
Lower remission rates (52.0%) and smaller decreases in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores were observed in the non-BZD group than in the BZD group (81.2%, P = 0.02). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding seizure duration and seizure threshold.

Limitations
This was a retrospective study. Impact of BZDs on anxiety and cognition was not assessed.

Conclusions
Benzodiazepines increased the clinical efficacy of ECT when delivered using dose-titration method and bitemporal stimulation. Further studied are needed to understand the interaction between BZDs and ECT on clinical outcomes.
Microbial metabolites mediate bumble bee attraction and feeding
Authors: Schaeffer Robert N. , Rering Caitlin C. , Maalouf Isabelle , Beck John J. , Vannette Rachel L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnimals such as bumble bees use chemosensory cues to localize and evaluate essential resources. Increasingly, it is recognized that microbes can alter the quality of foraged resources and produce metabolites that act as foraging cues. The distinct nature of these sensory cues however and their use in animal foraging remain poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that species of nectar-inhabiting microbes differentially influence pollinator attraction and feeding via microbial metabolites in nectar. We examined electrophysiological potential of bumble bee antennae to respond to volatile microbial metabolites, followed by behavioral responses using choice assays. We assessed gustatory responses through both no-choice and choice feeding assays. Antennae responded to some microbial volatiles, and bees chose Asaia bacterial solutions compared to Metschnikowia yeast based on volatiles alone. However, B. impatiens consumed significantly more Metschnikowia-inoculated nectar, suggesting distinct roles for volatile and non-volatile microbial metabolites in mediating feeding decisions, with potential to affect associative learning and future foraging. Our results suggest that microbial metabolites may represent non-reinforcing cues with potential consequences for forager learning, economics and floral host reproduction.
Sensory neuron-derived Nav1.7 contributes to dorsal horn neuron excitability
Authors: Alles Sascha R.A. , Nascimento Filipe , Luján Rafael , Millet Queensta , Bangash Ali , Santana Sonia , Cox James J. , Beato Marco , Zhao Jing , Wood John N. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryExpression of the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 in sensory neurons is required for pain sensation. We examined the role of Nav1.7 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord using an epitope-tagged knock-in mouse. Immuno-electron microscopy showed the presence of Nav1.7 in dendrites of lamina II neurons, despite the absence of mRNA. Peripheral nervous system-specific Nav1.7 KO mice showed central deficits with lamina II dorsal horn tonic firing neurons more than halved and single spiking neurons more than doubled. Nav1.7 blocker PF05089771 diminished excitability in dorsal horn neurons, but had no effect on Nav1.7 KO mice. These data demonstrate an unsuspected functional role of peripherally generated Nav1.7 in dorsal horn neurons and an expression pattern that would not be predicted by transcriptomic analysis.