bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urgent Middle Cerebral Artery Embolectomy of Calcified Embolus After Intravenous Thrombolysis: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Fiedler Jiri , Ostry Svatopluk , Bombic Martin , Sterba Ludek , Kostal Petr 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This video shows an urgent microsurgical embolectomy of the inferior division of the left middle cerebral artery in a patient treated by intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Patient was eligible for endovascular mechanical thrombectomy
1
; however, the interventional radiologist was not comfortable performing the procedure given prior unsuccessful attempts to remove a calcified cerebral embolus.
2
A 75-yr-old female presented with an acute ischemic stroke with isolated aphasia (NIHSS 9). Using the drip-and-ship concept, IVT (0.9 mg/kg rt-PA) was administered in a regional hospital. Fifty-five minutes after a complete recovery following IVT, multiple transient ischemic attacks of aphasia were observed. While the patient was a candidate for mechanical thrombectomy based on CT perfusion imaging, given the unsuccessful reports in the literature and the interventional radiologist's experience, the decision was made to offer microsurgical embolectomy of the calcified cerebral embolus.
3
Informed consent for the procedure was obtained directly from the patient. Calcified, crumbly embolus was removed from a 5 mm longitudinal arteriotomy. The arteriotomy was sutured with interrupted 10-0 suture. Initial flow after the embolectomy was 6.5 mL/min. Upon inspection, a distal kink was found in the M2 and after repositioning, flow improved to 35 mL/min.
Postoperative CT angiography documented complete recanalization. The clinical findings completely resolved (NIHSS 0) within 12 hr and remained unchanged at 3 mo and 1 yr.
Informed consent was obtained from the patient for use of media for educational and publication purposes.
Reliability and Validity of Measurement Tools for Residual Limb Volume in People With Limb Amputations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Armitage Lucy , Kark Lauren , Czerniec Sharon , Kwah Li Khim 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Measurements of residual limb volume often guide decisions on the type and timing of prosthetic prescription. To help inform these decisions, it is important that clinicians use measurement tools that are reliable and valid.

Purpose
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the reliability and validity of measurement tools for residual limb volume in people with limb amputations.

Data Sources
A comprehensive search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed on July 11, 2016.

Study Selection
Studies were included if they examined the reliability or validity of measurement tools for residual limb volume, were conducted on humans, and were published in English.

Data Extraction
Data were extracted from 11 reliability and 4 validity studies and included study characteristics, volumetric estimates, and reliability and validity estimates. The quality of the studies was also rated.

Data Synthesis
Data from 2 studies (38 participants) indicated good to excellent intrarater (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥0.88) and interrater (ICC ≥0.88) reliability and high between-session reliability (coefficient of variation [CV] = 10%) for water displacement volumetry. One study (28 participants) reported excellent intrarater and interrater reliability (ICC ≥0.93) for the circumferential method, and data from 2 studies (19 participants) indicated high between-session reliability for the optical surface scanner (CV ≤9.8%). Three studies (26 participants) indicated good to excellent between-session reliability results for computed tomography (CV = 9.2%–10.9%). One study (7 participants) showed moderate within-session reliability (CV = 50%). Using water displacement volumetry as the gold standard, 2 studies (79 participants) indicated excellent validity for the circumferential method ( r ≥0.92; ICC ≥0.92). All studies reporting measures of reliability or validity were performed with people who had transtibial amputations.

Limitations
Only studies published in English and in which water displacement volumetry was used as the gold standard were included in this review. The reliability and validity of the quality rating scale used in this review have not been tested.

Conclusions
On the basis of a limited number of moderate- to high-quality studies with small sample sizes, circumferential and water displacement methods were found to be reliable, and the circumferential method was found to be valid in people with transtibial amputations. There are inadequate data for drawing conclusions about volume measurement methods in people with other types of limb amputations.
Federalism and Public Opinion on Healthcare: The Design of the Affordable Care Act’s Insurance Exchanges and User Experience with the Exchanges
Authors: Liebertz Scott , Bunch Jaclyn , Shaw Thomas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUsing original survey data and the 2016 American National Election Study (ANES), we examine the effects of healthcare exchange type and user experience on individuals’ support for the Affordable Care Act (ACA). States are divided into three different types of ACA exchange implementation regimes: state-run exchanges, federally operated exchanges, and mixed state-federal exchanges. We hypothesize that individuals in states running their own exchanges will demonstrate greater support for the ACA and individuals with experience using the exchanges will exhibit greater levels of support for the ACA. Results from a survey conducted in 2016 in Alabama (a federal exchange), Kentucky (a state exchange at the time), and Arkansas (a mixed state-federal exchange) support these hypotheses. These findings are also confirmed using national data from the ANES. We therefore provide evidence that local control over healthcare implementation leads to better outcomes in terms of citizen satisfaction and that citizens who have experience with exchanges established by the ACA are more likely to feel positively about the law.
Cross-validation of transtheoretical model smoking cessation measures in Chicago WIHS women smokers with and at risk for HIV
Authors: Redding Colleen A , Goldberg David , Weber Kathleen M , Yin Hui-Qing , Paiva Andrea L , Burke-Miller Jane , Cohen Mardge H , Rossi Joseph S 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPeople with and at risk for HIV have high rates of smoking, increasing their morbidity and mortality. Effective cessation interventions are needed for this group. Transtheoretical model (TTM)-tailored interventions have demonstrated efficacy, but measures need cross-validation in this population. TTM cessation measures were evaluated in women smokers with and at risk for HIV (N = 111) from Chicago Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Confirmatory factor analyses evaluated measurement models. MANOVAs examined relationships between constructs and stage subgroups. For decisional balance, the two-factor uncorrelated model was best (χ2(20) = 13.96; comparative fit index [CFI], 1.0; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .00), with good (pros α = .78) and fair (cons α = .55) four-item alphas. The one-factor temptations model (α = .90) showed reasonable fit (χ2(18) = 80.22; CFI = .89; RMSEA = .177). Processes of change subscales had fair to good two-item alphas (α = .49–.77) and fit a 10-factor fully correlated model (χ2(125) = 222.72; CFI = .88; RMSEA = .084). MANOVAs by stage of change replicated expected patterns for the pros, overall temptations, and two process subscales with medium-sized effects (η2 = .06–.18). Contrary to expectations, no differences by stage were found for cons or temptation negative affect subscales. The structures of these TTM measures replicated with good internal and external validity, except for the cons, which needs refinement. Negative affect temptations was structurally sound, but did not vary by stage group potentially reflecting this sample’s moderate depression levels and/or their reliance on smoking to deal with negative affect. Results support the use of most TTM measures in research and tailored interventions to increase smoking cessation among women smokers with and at risk for HIV and highlight the importance of managing negative affect in cessation materials targeting this group.
Mapping behavior change techniques to characterize a social cognitive theory informed physical activity intervention for adults at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bourne Jessica E , Ivanova Elena , Gainforth Heather L , Jung Mary E 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Behavior change techniques (BCTs) are used to target theoretical mechanisms of action predicted to bring about behavior change. Reporting BCTs and connecting them to mechanisms of action is critical to understanding intervention processes of change. This article identifies the BCTs associated with an exercise intervention for individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes and determines the extent to which these BCTs target associated mechanisms of action. BCTs were mapped onto social cognitive theory (SCT) and the theoretical domains framework (TDF) using published literature identifying links between BCTs and SCT/TDF and expert consensus. Two coders then used the 93-item BCT taxonomy (BCTTv1) to independently code BCTs within the intervention. The BCTs used in the current intervention enabled identification of the theoretical mechanisms of action targeted in the intervention. More than 70% of the intervention content incorporated at least one BCT. More than 50% of the BCTs used targeted SCT constructs and more than 70% of BCTs used targeted at least one of the 14 TDF domains. Five BCTs did not map onto either SCT or TDF. This research provides a systematic method of linking BCTs to mechanisms of action. This process increases the transparency of intervention content and identification of the mechanisms of action targeted in the current intervention. Reporting interventions in this manner will enable the most potent mechanisms of actions associated with long-term behavior change to be identified and utilized in future work.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT02164474. Registered on June 12, 2014.
Socialist Television Drama, Newspaper Critics and the Battle of Ideas During the Crisis of Britain’s Post-War Settlement
Authors: Fielding Steven 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Due to the difficult methodological issues it presents, political historians are wary of using television - the most important mass medium of the later twentieth century - as a means of exploring vernacular political thinking. Attempting to show how television audiences were encouraged to think politically, the article outlines a method generated through an engagement with the work of disciplines beyond history, to help political historians more systematically assess the medium's popular impact. The article takes as its case study Britain during the 1970s, one of the most ideologically contested periods in the country's history. It analyses how television critics employed by the Daily Mirror and Daily Express encouraged their millions of readers to respond to the dramas of socialist playwrights Jim Allen and Trevor Griffiths, thereby giving historians an insight into the shape of those conversations spawned by their work, such private dialogues being the place where the full political meaning of television was ultimately created.
Train delay analysis and prediction based on big data fusion
Authors: Wang Pu , Zhang Qing-peng 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Despite the fact that punctuality is an advantage of rail travel compared with other long-distance transport, train delays often occur. For this study, a three-month dataset of weather, train delay and train schedule records was collected and analysed in order to understand the patterns of train delays and to predict train delay time. We found that in severe weather train delays are determined mainly by the type of bad weather, while in ordinary weather the delays are determined mainly by the historical delay time and delay frequency of trains. Identifying the factors closely correlated with train delays, we developed a machine-learning model to predict the delay time of each train at each station. The prediction model is useful not only for passengers wishing to plan their journeys more reliably, but also for railway operators developing more efficient train schedules and more reasonable pricing plans.
Compared Efficacy of Four Preoxygenation Methods for Intubation in the ICU: Retrospective Analysis of McGrath Mac Videolaryngoscope Versus Macintosh Laryngoscope (MACMAN) Trial Data
Authors: Bailly Arthur , Ricard Jean-Damien , Le Thuaut Aurelie , Helms Julie , Kamel Toufik , Mercier Emmanuelle , Lemiale Virginie , Colin Gwenhael , Mira Jean-Paul , Clere-Jehl Raphaël , Messika Jonathan , Dequin Pierre-Francois , Boulain Thierry , Azoulay Elie , Champigneulle Benoit , Reignier Jean , Lascarrou Jean-Baptiste 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:
Severe hypoxemia is the most common serious adverse event during endotracheal intubation. Preoxygenation is performed routinely as a preventive measure. The relative efficacy of the various available preoxygenation devices is unclear. Here, our objective was to assess associations between preoxygenation devices and pulse oximetry values during endotracheal intubation.

Design:
Post hoc analysis of data from a multicenter randomized controlled superiority trial (McGrath Mac Videolaryngoscope Versus Macintosh Laryngoscope [MACMAN]) comparing videolaryngoscopy to Macintosh laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation in critical care.

Setting:
Seven French ICUs.

Patients:
Three-hundred nineteen of the 371 critically ill adults requiring endotracheal intubation who were included in the MACMAN trial.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Minimal pulse oximetry value during endotracheal intubation was the primary endpoint. We also sought risk factors for pulse oximetry below 90%. Of 319 patients, 157 (49%) had bag-valve-mask, 71 (22%) noninvasive ventilation, 71 (22%) non-rebreathing mask, and 20 (7%) high-flow nasal oxygen for preoxygenation. Factors independently associated with minimal pulse oximetry value were the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II severity score (p = 0.03), baseline pulse oximetry (p < 0.001), baseline Pao
2/Fio
2 ratio (p = 0.02), and number of laryngoscopies (p = 0.001). The only independent predictors of pulse oximetry less than 90% were baseline pulse oximetry (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.64–0.79; p < 0.001) and preoxygenation device: with bag-valve-mask as the reference, odds ratios were 1.10 (95% CI, 0.25–4.92) with non-rebreathing mask, 0.10 (95% CI, 0.01–0.80) with noninvasive ventilation, and 5.75 (95% CI, 1.15–28.75) with high-flow nasal oxygen.

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that the main determinants of hypoxemia during endotracheal intubation may be related to critical illness severity and to preexisting hypoxemia. The differences across preoxygenation methods suggest that noninvasive ventilation may deserve preference in patients with marked hypoxemia before endotracheal intubation. Ongoing studies will provide further clarification about the optimal preoxygenation method for endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients.
Polyquaternium-1–Associated Dendritiform Keratopathy
Authors: Verkade Angela , Matoba Alice Y. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To report a case of polyquaternium-1 (Polyquad, PQ-1)–associated dendritiform keratopathy that developed after exposure to the tear substitute Systane (Alcon Laboratories, Inc, Fort Worth, TX).

Methods:
A retrospective review of the case was performed.

Results:
Dendritiform keratopathy developed in the patient after an increase in the use of topical Systane from 4 times per day to every hour. Keratopathy resolved with discontinuation of Systane.

Conclusions:
Polyquaternium-1–associated dendritiform keratopathy can occur in patients who have previously tolerated the preservative. Because keratopathy seems to have developed and improved because of dose-dependent factors, the mechanism is more likely toxicity than hypersensitivity.
Inferior Quadrant of Tear Film Is More Likely to Break and Breaks Early in Patients With Dry Eyes
Authors: Zhuo Ran , Zhang Bin , Hou Lijie , Shen Meixiao , Lu Fan , Jiang Jun 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:To investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of tear film breakup time via a noninvasive topographer in normal subjects and patients with dry eye disease (DED).Methods:A total of 77 subjects were separated into normal and DED groups based on their symptoms and tear film instabilities. In noninvasive evaluation with Oculus Keratograph, the precorneal tear film was recorded and reconstructed into a two-dimensional map that evolved with time. Whether or not each sector broke and the breakup time if it did were recorded. The map was further grouped into 4 quadrants to reveal the spatial variation.Results:By the end of recording, the inferior quadrant in DED subjects had a higher number of broken sectors than other quadrants (P< 0.01). Over the recording period, the cumulative percentage of sectors that were broken rose much quicker in the inferior quadrants, and the inferior quadrant is the only quadrant that showed a significant difference between the normal and DED groups (P< 0.01). This difference peaked at 12 seconds and declined after 15 seconds. Receiver operating characteristic curve for each index always showed the largest differential value in the inferior quadrant.Conclusions:Tear film breakup is not homogenously distributed, with sectors in the inferior quadrant being more likely to break and to break earlier. Between normal and DED subjects, a significant difference of tear film instability is more likely to be found in the inferior quadrant.
Aspiration of Tri-folded, Endothelium-In Grafts for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Karakus Sezen , Ighani Mehrnaz , Noparat Puntakarn , Tofigh Marjan , Chiang Eric , Barnes Kali , Chen Conan Y. , Liu Tiffany S. , Eghrari Allen O. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
In Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), loading and positioning of tri-folded grafts into a cartridge is generally conducted with forceps or a hook, risking graft tear or trauma. We demonstrate the feasibility of loading tri-folded grafts into a cartridge with no touch to the endothelium required beyond the tri-folding process.

Methods:
A corneoscleral rim with a prestripped DMEK graft is placed into a petri dish. After the graft is tri-folded with forceps and removed from its stromal attachment, the graft is gently wicked into the tip of a saline-filled Alcon B IOL cartridge connected to IV extension tubing and a 3 cc syringe, drawn into the cartridge by positioning it adjacent to the graft tip. The remainder of the graft is aspirated with the addition of saline. The cartridge orientation is reversed for graft injection. In this retrospective analysis, we analyzed surgical videos for preparation times, and assessed postoperative visual acuity, pachymetry, and endothelial cell density.

Results:
Thirteen cases underwent this approach. Median preparation time from stain to cartridge eye contact was 8.5 minutes, and time from graft injection to final centration and bubbling was 2.9 minutes. Corneal thickness decreased from a median of 623 microns preoperatively to 566 μm at 1 month (P = 0.038). Visual acuity improved by 1 month by a median of 0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) (P = 0.016). Endothelial cell density decreased by 32.4% at 1 month compared with baseline.

Conclusions:
Endothelium-in DMEK grafts may be loaded into a plastic cartridge using a skill set similar to aspiration of a scroll.
Quantitative assessment of nonpelvic pressure pain sensitivity in urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a MAPP Research Network study
Authors: Harte Steven E. , Schrepf Andrew , Gallop Robert , Kruger Grant H. , Lai Hing Hung Henry , Sutcliffe Siobhan , Halvorson Megan , Ichesco Eric , Naliboff Bruce D. , Afari Niloofar , Harris Richard E. , Farrar John T. , Tu Frank , Landis John Richard , Clauw Daniel J. ,   for the MAPP Research Network
Published: February 2019

AbstractExperimental pain sensitivity was assessed in individuals with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS) as part of the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network. A series of computer-controlled pressure stimuli were delivered to the thumbnail bed, an asymptomatic site distant from the area of UCPPS pain that is considered to be indicative of overall body pain threshold. Stimuli were rated according to a standardized magnitude estimation protocol. Pain sensitivity in participants with UCPPS was compared with healthy controls and a mixed pain group composed of individuals with other chronic overlapping pain conditions, including fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, and irritable bowel syndromes. Data from 6 participating MAPP testing sites were pooled for analysis. Participants with UCPPS (n = 153) exhibited an intermediate pain sensitivity phenotype: they were less sensitive relative to the mixed pain group (n = 35) but significantly more sensitive than healthy controls (n = 100). Increased pain sensitivity in patients with UCPPS was associated with both higher levels of clinical pain severity and more painful body areas outside the pelvic region. Exploratory analyses in participants with UCPPS revealed that pain sensitivity increased during periods of urologic symptom flare and that less pressure pain sensitivity at baseline was associated with a greater likelihood of subsequent genitourinary pain improvement 1 year later. The finding that individuals with UCPPS demonstrate nonpelvic pain hypersensitivity that is related to clinical symptoms suggests that central nervous system mechanisms of pain amplification contribute to UCPPS.