bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of attention problems in preschoolers born very preterm
Authors: Camerota Marie , Castellanos Francisco Xavier , Carter Brian S. , Check Jennifer , Helderman Jennifer , Hofheimer Julie A. , McGowan Elisabeth C. , Neal Charles R. , Pastyrnak Steven L. , Smith Lynne M. , O'Shea Thomas Michael , Marsit Carmen J. , Lester Barry M. 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundChildren born preterm are at heightened risk for neurodevelopmental impairment, including specific deficits in attention. Few studies have investigated change over time in attention problems prior to school entry. The current study aims to describe trajectories of attention problems from age 2 through 5 years in a cohort of children born <30 weeks of gestational age (GA), identify sociodemographic, medical, and neurobehavioral characteristics associated with attention trajectories, and test whether attention problem trajectories predict the risk of a reported attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis.MethodsWe studied 608 infants from the Neonatal Neurobehavior and Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants (NOVI) Study, a prospective, multisite study of infants born <30 weeks of GA. Parents reported on child attention problems at ages 2, 3, 4, and 5 years using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Behavior Assessment System for Children. Sociodemographic and medical characteristics were assessed via maternal interview and medical record review. Neurobehavioral characteristics were determined using neonatal and 2‐year assessments. Parent report of child ADHD diagnosis was obtained. We used latent growth curve (LGC) modeling to test our study aims.ResultsA linear LGC model provided the best fit to the data. The average trajectory of attention problems evidenced low initial levels of symptoms and little change over time, yet there was significant heterogeneity in both initial levels and change over time. Individual differences in trajectory parameters were associated with sociodemographic, medical, environmental, and neurobehavioral characteristics. Children with higher initial levels of attention problems as well as steeper increases in attention problems over time were more likely to have a reported ADHD diagnosis.ConclusionsThere is significant heterogeneity in trajectories of attention problems from age 2 to 5 in children born <30 weeks of GA and these differences have clinical relevance. These data could inform follow‐up guidelines for preterm infants.
Advanced Adhesive Approach to Support a Minimally Invasive Full Mouth Rehabilitation
Authors: Orta Amelia , Newberry Nicole , Torosian Aram , Masri Radi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePatients who exhibit severe loss of tooth structure are challenging to rehabilitate. Conventional treatment of these patients may require adjunctive procedures of surgical crown lengthening, elective endodontic therapy and placement of posts and cores to retain full coverage crowns as part of a full mouth rehabilitation. Minimally invasive approaches to treatment of these patients provides opportunity to conserve tooth structure and to reduce adjunctive procedures by using an advanced adhesive approach to retain all ceramic partial coverage restorations as part of a full mouth rehabilitation.Clinical ConsiderationsThe use of an advanced adhesive approach to perform a full mouth reconstruction restoring occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is described. This approach emphasizes preserving healthy tooth structure, maximizing restoration adhesion to enamel and dentin, maintaining pulpal vitality and minimizing adjunctive dental procedures. The preparation design focuses on being defect‐oriented to remove only diseased or undermined tooth structure. The all ceramic restorations are additive, where indicated, to further aid in preserving tooth structure. An advanced adhesive approach using an immediate dentin seal and resin coating over exposed dentin and composite resin cement under rubber dam isolation is used to lute the restorations. The restorations are fabricated using micro‐layered lithium disilicate ceramic to maximize the esthetic appearance of the rehabilitation where needed.ConclusionAn advanced adhesive approach to full mouth rehabilitation should be considered as a treatment option for patients exhibiting tooth surface loss as an alternative to conventional full coverage restorations when clinical parameters allow.
Long‐distance migrations, population mixing, and growth rate of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) revealed from tag‐recaptures
Authors: Kennedy James , Post Søren , Nøttestad Leif 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe reveal that lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) frequently migrate over long distances between their summer feeding area in the open ocean and their spring spawning sites in coastal areas, through applying tag‐recapture methodology. A total of 2750 C. lumpus were tagged in the Irminger Sea around Iceland and in the Norwegian Sea over 6 years, of which 17 C. lumpus were recaptured. Interestingly, four individuals were recaptured more than 1000 km distant from where they were tagged. C. lumpus tagged in the Irminger Sea and north of Iceland were recaptured around Iceland, whereas none of the fish tagged in other areas of the Norwegian Sea were recaptured in Iceland. This difference in recapture rate from different areas suggests that a higher proportion of C. lumpus from the Irminger Sea and north of Iceland spawns around Iceland in comparison with C. lumpus in other areas. Two fish tagged east of Iceland were recaptured on the coast of Denmark, with one fish having a displacement distance of 1612 km. The recapture of these two fish in Denmark demonstrates that part of the C. lumpus population spawning in Denmark utilizes the Norwegian Sea as a major feeding area and that the Norwegian Sea is a common feeding area for several distinct populations of C. lumpus. The growth rate of tagged fish varied from 1.2 to 11.1 cm year−1, indicating that males that are >20 cm and females that are >25 cm during the summer are capable of sufficient growth to achieve a suitable size for spawning (≥25 and ≥35 cm for males and females, respectively) the following spring.
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yuan Lu , Quan Si‐Jie , Li Xin‐Yu , Chen Bo‐Zhu , Huang Yan‐Bing , Zheng Hui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common adverse event after general surgery. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery.MethodThe Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were accessed from inception to 23 January 2024. The incidence of PONV was the primary outcome measure. The required information size (RIS) of each outcome was estimated by Trial sequential analysis (TSA). The RoB 2.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias and GRADE to assess the quality of evidence.ResultsSeventeen RCTs including 3698 participants were included. In comparison to the control group, TEAS reduced the incidence of PONV (13 trials, n = 3310; RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.46–0.67; I2 = 64%; p < 0.01; RIS = 1100), with the level of evidence graded as low. TEAS reduced the incidence of PON (9 trials, n = 2762; RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52–0.79; I2 = 57%, p < 0.01; RIS = 1595), and was also associated with a lower incidence of POV (9 trials, n = 2797; RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.45–0.63; I2 = 0%, p < 0.01; RIS = 773).ConclusionThe current meta‐analysis and TSA provide reliable evidence that TEAS is an effective and safe method to prevent PONV. It may reduce the workload of nursing professionals, alleviate emotional stress, and decrease exposure risk. Adverse events related to TEAS were mild.Clinical RelevanceNurses can incorporate TEAS into the rehabilitation nursing of patients experiencing PONV.
The EU's Artificial Intelligence Act and copyright
Authors: Guadamuz Andres 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe European Union's (EU's) Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act), published on 12 July 2024, seeks to establish a consistent legal framework for AI systems within the EU, promoting trustworthy and human‐centric AI while safeguarding various fundamental rights. The Act classifies AI applications into three risk categories: unacceptable risk, high risk, general purpose AI models with systemic risk and low or no risk, each with corresponding regulatory measures. Although initially not focused on copyright issues, the rise of generative AI led to specific provisions addressing general purpose AI models. These provisions include transparency obligations, particularly regarding the technical documentation and content used for training AI models, and policies to respect EU copyright laws. The Act aims to balance the interests of copyright holders and AI developers, ensuring compliance while fostering innovation and protecting rights.
ViT‐based quantification of intratumoral heterogeneity for predicting the early recurrence in HCC following multiple ablation
Authors: Zhang Ke , Ru Jinyu , Wang Wenbo , Xu Min , Mu Lei , Pan Jinhua , Gu Jionghui , Zhang Haoyan , Tian Jie , Yang Wei , Jiang Tianan , Wang Kun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to develop a quantitative intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) model for assessing the risk of early recurrence (ER) in pre‐treatment multimodal imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing ablation treatments.MethodsThis multi‐centre study enrolled 633 HCC patients who underwent ultrasound‐guided local ablation between January 2015 and September 2022. Among them, 422, 85, 57 and 69 patients underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), laser ablation (LA) and irreversible electroporation (IRE) ablation, respectively. Vision‐Transformer‐based quantitative ITH (ViT‐Q‐ITH) features were extracted from the US and MRI sequences. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with ER. A combined model integrated clinic‐radiologic and ViT‐Q‐ITH scores. The prediction performance was evaluated concerning calibration, clinical usefulness and discrimination.ResultsThe final training cohort and internal validation cohort included 318 patients and 83 patients, respectively, who underwent RFA and MWA. The three external testing cohorts comprised of 106 patients treated with RFA, 57 patients treated with LA and 69 patients who underwent IRE ablation. The combined model showed excellent predictive performance for ER in the training (AUC: .99, 95% CI: .99–1.00), internal validation (AUC: .86, 95% CI: .78–.94), external testing (AUC: .83, 95% CI: .73–.92), LA (AUC: .84, 95% CI: .73–.95) and IRE (AUC: .82, 95% CI: .72–.93) cohorts, respectively. Decision curve analysis further affirmed the clinical utility of the combined model.ConclusionsThe multimodal‐based model, incorporating clinic‐radiologic factors and ITH features, demonstrated superior performance in predicting ER among early‐stage HCC patients undergoing different ablation modalities.
Exploring the potential of large language models in identifying metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease: A comparative study of non‐invasive tests and artificial intelligence‐generated responses
Authors: Wu Wanying , Guo Yuhu , Li Qi , Jia Congzhuo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study sought to assess the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in identifying clinically significant metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).MethodsWe included individuals from NHANES 2017–2018. The validity and reliability of MASLD diagnosis by GPT‐3.5 and GPT‐4 were quantitatively examined and compared with those of the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and United States FLI (USFLI). A receiver operating characteristic curve was conducted to assess the accuracy of MASLD diagnosis via different scoring systems. Additionally, GPT‐4V's potential in clinical diagnosis using ultrasound images from MASLD patients was evaluated to provide assessments of LLM capabilities in both textual and visual data interpretation.ResultsGPT‐4 demonstrated comparable performance in MASLD diagnosis to FLI and USFLI with the AUROC values of .831 (95% CI .796–.867), .817 (95% CI .797–.837) and .827 (95% CI .807–.848), respectively. GPT‐4 exhibited a trend of enhanced accuracy, clinical relevance and efficiency compared to GPT‐3.5 based on clinician evaluation. Additionally, Pearson's r values between GPT‐4 and FLI, as well as USFLI, were .718 and .695, respectively, indicating robust and moderate correlations. Moreover, GPT‐4V showed potential in understanding characteristics from hepatic ultrasound imaging but exhibited limited interpretive accuracy in diagnosing MASLD compared to skilled radiologists.ConclusionsGPT‐4 achieved performance comparable to traditional risk scores in diagnosing MASLD and exhibited improved convenience, versatility and the capacity to offer user‐friendly outputs. The integration of GPT‐4V highlights the capacities of LLMs in handling both textual and visual medical data, reinforcing their expansive utility in healthcare practice.
A Multicenter Study on Hepatocellular Adenomas in Korea: Clinicopathological and Imaging Features With an Emphasis on β‐Catenin Mutated Subtype
Authors: Heo Subin , Kim Bohyun , Kim So Yeon , Kang Hyo Jeong , Song In Hye , Lee Sung Hak , Huh Jimi , Kim Seokhwi , Baek Seunghee , Lee Seung Soo , Choi Sang Hyun , Jang Jong Keon , Park Seong Ho 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground & AimsThe clinicopathologic and imaging features of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) in Asian population remain unclear. We aimed to analyse clinicopathologic and imaging features of HCAs in Korea and propose an imaging‐based method to differentiate β‐catenin mutated HCA (βHCA) from other subtypes.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study included pathologically confirmed HCAs from three tertiary institutions in Korea between 2010 and 2023. HCA subtypes were determined according to the current World Health Organization classification using immunohistochemical staining. Two abdominal radiologists reviewed computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans. The clinical characteristics and imaging features of HCA subtypes were compared. A scoring system for βHCA was developed and validated using development (January 2010–April 2021) and validation (May 2021–March 2023) cohorts.Results121 patients (47 men; mean age, 39.0 years ±13.5) with 138 HCAs were included. HCAs displayed characteristic clinicopathologic features, including a high proportion of male (38.8%) and obese patients (35.5%), with the inflammatory subtype being the most common (38.4%) and a low percentage of patients using oral contraceptive (5.0%). Each HCA subtype demonstrated distinct clinical and imaging features. The scoring system incorporating tumour heterogeneity and iso to high hepatobiliary phase signal intensity on MRI for differentiating βHCA exhibited high performance in both the development (AUC 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.97) and the validation cohort (AUC 0.91, 95% CI: 0.77–1.00).ConclusionsThis comprehensive analysis of clinicopathologic and imaging features of HCAs in Korea contributes to the characterisation of HCAs across different geographical regions. The imaging‐based scoring system effectively differentiates βHCA.
Infant and young child feeding practices among conflict‐affected Ukrainian households: A cross‐sectional survey in Kyiv, Lviv and Odesa regions
Authors: Majer Jennifer , Mbuto Samuel , Nesterova Viktoriia , King Sarah , Bilukha Oleg 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInfant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) are crucial for children's growth and development but often deteriorate during periods of instability. A cross‐sectional survey conducted in three oblasts of Ukraine—Kyiv City and Kyiv, Lviv, and Odesa—enroled 724 children 0–23 months of age from 699 households. Using global WHO IYCF Guidelines, 12 indicators of optimal IYCF practices were evaluated. The study found IYCF practices to be relatively stable since 2015, despite the continued escalation of conflict, with an improvement in exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). EBF was reported by 51% of mothers, while breastfeeding was initiated early in 65% of children. Complementary feeding practices were optimal for most children, with 79% having a minimum acceptable diet. Infant formula assistance was independently associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices in multi‐variable models. Children from households that received formula assistance had 67% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.73) lower odds of being exclusively breastfed, 65% (aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.20–0.61) lower odds of continued breastfeeding at 12 months, and 3.3 times (95% CI 2.31–4.78) higher odds of being bottlefed. Baby food assistance did not independently predict a minimum acceptable diet. High levels of optimal complementary feeding sustained since 2015 suggest protective factors for child nutrition in Ukraine, such as domestic agriculture and social safety nets. Additionally, maternal education was consistently linked to better IYCF outcomes, highlighting the need for targeted support for less‐educated mothers. The negative association of formula assistance with EBF warrants further research alongside reinforcement of guidelines to prevent inappropriate formula targeting.
Outside the Western bubble: Explaining anti‐immigrant attitudes in 28 post‐communist countries
Authors: Bell David Andreas , Valenta Marko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMost studies on anti‐immigrant attitudes have been conducted within the US or in Western European countries. As a result, the theoretical frameworks utilised to comprehend these attitudes are often based on a limited subset of the global population. Hence, it remains uncertain how these theories apply to regions beyond the Western context. Based on the Life in Transition Survey, we explore whether the theories and factors discussed in Western contexts can be applied to understanding anti‐immigrant attitudes in 28 post‐communist countries. We find that the impact of macroeconomic variables in the post‐communist region differs from what would be expected based on existing theoretical frameworks. The study adds complexity to the debates surrounding the positive impacts of modernisation, economic development and democratisation on anti‐immigrant attitudes. Our research suggests that intolerance levels are notably highest in Central and Eastern European EU countries. Interestingly, these levels are higher than those found in less developed and less democratic post‐communist countries outside the EU. This study highlights the difficulty of deploying a comprehensive theoretical framework that can account for the complexities of attitudes across a broad range of countries.
Genomic analysis provides insights into the origin and divergence of fruit flavor and flesh color of pummelo
Authors: Huang Yue , Makkumrai Warangkana , Fu Jialing , Deng Chongling , Wu Qingjiang , Wang Shaohua , Wang Lun , Wu Xiaoxiao , Gao Junyan , Chen Chuanwu , Guo Lina , Chen Peng , Wu Fangfang , Deng Xiuxin , Wang Xia , Xu Qiang 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Pummelo (Citrus maxima) is one of the most important citrus crops and have genetically contributed sweet orange, lemon and most citrus cultivars. It has been cultivated for c. 4000 years in China and is also distributed in many Southeast Asian countries. Nevertheless, the origin and dispersal of pummelo remain elusive.
We conducted whole‐genome sequencing for 290 pummelo accessions from China and Southeast Asia (SEA). Our findings indicated that pummelo was originated in Yunnan province. The divergence of the China‐SEA accessions occurred c. 2000 years ago and the divergence was likely facilitated through the Maritime Silk Road.
We detected the divergence of genomic regions associated with fruit flavor and color, indicating different selection by human activities in different regions. A gene encoding lycopene cyclase 2 (LCYB2) exhibited a high degree of divergence in expression and sequence between red‐flesh and white‐flesh pummelos. A SNP in the coding region of LCYB2 resulted in a reduction in lycopene β‐cyclizing enzyme activity, leading to the accumulation of lycopene and the development of the red‐flesh trait.
This study reveals the origin and evolutionary history of pummelo and provides insights into the genomic basis for the divergence of fruit flavor and color.
Deconstructing Professionalism as Code for White (Power): Authenticity as Resistance in Nursing
Authors: Melino Katerina , Bell Blythe , Freborg Kaija 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe concept of professionalism is embedded into all aspects of nursing education and practice yet is rarely critically interrogated in nursing scholarship. This paper describes how professionalism in nursing is based on whiteness. When actualized, this oppressive construct homogenizes individuals' identities to assist nurses in building and wielding power against each other and against patients, and results in dehumanization and disconnection. Foregrounding an ethic of authenticity as a practice of resistance against white professionalism offers an alternative possibility for how nursing could be taught, practiced and theorized. As such a practice must begin with oneself, the authors outline a reflexive process from which to begin this work.
Simulation of Defoliation Effects on Relay Strip Intercropping Soybean: Elucidating Foliar Shedding and Leaf‐to‐Nodule Growth Plasticity
Authors: Li Yiling , Wang Mingyue , Chen Ping , Luo Kai , Lin Ping , Fu Zhidan , Pu Tian , Wang Xiaochun , Yong Taiwen , Yang Wenyu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTExtensive foliar shedding in monoculture soybeans post‐anthesis negatively impacts yield, whereas relay strip intercropping prolongs leaf area duration, enhancing productivity. However, little is known about the causes of leaf shedding in monoculture and its impact on physiological functions and plasticity of source and sink organs, we conducted a 4‐year field experiment and leaf‐removal simulations in relay intercropped soybeans. Results revealed that monoculture soybeans experienced severe self‐shading and defoliation, while relay intercropping maintained better light conditions, supporting higher leaf area, nodule numbers, and carbon allocation. Increasing leaf removal initially increased leaf area but eventually reduced it. Extensive leaf‐removal reduced Rubisco and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity, as well as sucrose, malate, ATP, and energy charge (EC) in nodules, revealing a trade‐off between leaf growth and nodule development. Moderate leaf‐removal (L30), however, balanced compensation and consumption, increasing total non‐structural carbohydrates (TNC) in roots and N and ureide in leaves and pods. Network analysis showed that L30 improved the synergies of functional traits in leaves and nodules, ultimately benefiting overall plant growth and nutrient accumulation in pods. This study elucidates a mechanism of foliar shedding and highlights how relay strip intercropping optimizes source‐sink coordination to enhance photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation.