bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between classroom climate and children's externalizing symptoms: The moderating effect of kindergarten children's parasympathetic reactivity
Authors: Roubinov Danielle S. , Bush Nicole R. , Hagan Melissa J. , Thompson Jason , Boyce W. Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClassrooms are key social settings that impact children's mental health, though individual differences in physiological reactivity may render children more or less susceptible to classroom environments. In a diverse sample of children from 19 kindergarten classrooms (N = 338, 48% female, M age = 5.32 years), we examined whether children's parasympathetic reactivity moderated the association between classroom climate and externalizing symptoms. Independent observers coded teachers’ use of child-centered and teacher-directed instructional practices across classroom social and management domains. Children's respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity to challenge tasks was assessed in fall and a multi-informant measure of externalizing was collected in fall and spring. Both the social and the management domains of classroom climate significantly interacted with children's respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity to predict spring externalizing symptoms, controlling for fall symptoms. For more reactive children, as classrooms shifted toward greater proportional use of child-centered methods, externalizing symptoms declined, whereas greater use of teacher-dominated practices was associated with increased symptoms. Conversely, among less reactive children, exposure to more teacher-dominated classroom management practices was associated with lower externalizing. Consistent with the theory of biological sensitivity to context, considering variability in children's physiological reactivity aids understanding of the salience of the classroom environment for children's mental health.
Community Integration in Traumatic Brain Injury: The Contributing Factor of Affect Recognition Deficits
Authors: Binder Allison S. , Lancaster Katie , Lengenfelder Jean , Chiaravalloti Nancy D. , Genova Helen M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective: Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) can experience social isolation, which is damaging to well-being and counterproductive to successful rehabilitation. It has been proposed that social cognitive deficits that commonly result from TBI may contribute to weakened social integration. However, the consequences of specific social cognitive deficits in TBI are still being delineated. The current work sought to better characterize the relationship between community integration and facial affect recognition (FAR) in TBI. Participants and Methods: A total of 27 participants with moderate to severe TBI and 30 healthy controls (HCs) completed two tests of FAR, which employed either static photographic stimuli or dynamic video stimuli (The Awareness of Social Inference Test). The Community Integration Questionnaire was also administered to participants. Results: Participants with TBI were significantly impaired on both the static and dynamic FAR measures, yet the deficits were most pronounced within the dynamic task. Furthermore, participants with TBI reported lower community integration compared with HCs. FAR was positively associated with community integration in both groups, such that participants with proficient affect recognition skills were better integrated into their communities. Conclusions: FAR deficits may contribute to the lack of community integration often observed in TBI; thus, interventions designed to improve FAR may be beneficial to this population’s ability to successfully reintegrate into society.
The Balloon Ascents made by James Glaisher, F.R.S., for Scientific Purposes, 1862-69
Authors: Marriott Williams 
Published: June 2019

A memoir of the late Mr. James Glaisher, F.R.S., appeared in the April number of the Aeronautical Journal, so it seems hardly necessary for any further reference to be made to him. But since that time the instruments and apparatus used by him in his famous balloon ascents have, by the courtesy of his son, Dr. J. W. L. Glaisher, F.R.S., come into the possession of the Royal Meteorological Society.Your Secretary, Mr. E. S. Bruce, was very desirous that these instruments should be exhibited at a meeting of the Aeronautical Society, and thought that it would be interesting to most of the members if a brief account of Mr. Glaisher's balloon ascents was given at the same time. I could not refuse this request, as Mr. Glaisher was for some time my chief at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, although I think a more interesting account might have been prepared by someone else.
On the Construction of Detailed Parts of Aeroplane Flying Machines
Authors: Wenham F. H. 
Published: June 2019

I write promptly on this very important subject, as time with me is on the wing. I have passed fourteen years beyond the three score and ten of life allotted to man. For many years I have at times brought up the subject of flying, and if I say a few words concerning myself I may, perhaps, be exempt for incurring a charge of egotism.My training has been that of a marine engineer. I was present at the early trials of “Archimides”—the only screw steamer then afloat. I was but a small boy then, but ever since have taken a keen interest in screw propulsion. It may, therefore, be asked why I did not apply a screw propeller to my design of a flying machine in 1866, but no motive power except steam was then known, and I could not imagine the practicability of carrying a supply of water and fuel up in the air and therefore had to consider the possibility of the strength of a man being sufficient to propel the machine. For this purpose the adaptation of a screw propeller was not feasible, as the man, having other matters requiring his attention, could not be solely occupied in turning a winch-handle. I, therefore, proposed to adapt a pair of oars to be worked by treadles.
Arctic Amplification Response to Individual Climate Drivers
Authors: Stjern Camilla Weum , Lund Marianne Tronstad , Samset Bjørn Hallvard , Myhre Gunnar , Forster Piers M. , Andrews Timothy , Boucher Olivier , Faluvegi Gregory , Fläschner Dagmar , Iversen Trond , Kasoar Matthew , Kharin Viatcheslav , Kirkevåg Alf , Lamarque Jean‐François , Olivié Dirk , Richardson Thomas , Sand Maria , Shawki Dilshad , Shindell Drew , Smith Christopher J. , Takemura Toshihiko , Voulgarakis Apostolos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Arctic is experiencing rapid climate change in response to changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols, and other climate drivers. Emission changes in general, as well as geographical shifts in emissions and transport pathways of short‐lived climate forcers, make it necessary to understand the influence of each climate driver on the Arctic. In the Precipitation Driver Response Model Intercomparison Project, 10 global climate models perturbed five different climate drivers separately (CO2, CH4, the solar constant, black carbon, and SO4). We show that the annual mean Arctic amplification (defined as the ratio between Arctic and the global mean temperature change) at the surface is similar between climate drivers, ranging from 1.9 (± an intermodel standard deviation of 0.4) for the solar to 2.3 (±0.6) for the SO4 perturbations, with minimum amplification in the summer for all drivers. The vertical and seasonal temperature response patterns indicate that the Arctic is warmed through similar mechanisms for all climate drivers except black carbon. For all drivers, the precipitation change per degree global temperature change is positive in the Arctic, with a seasonality following that of the Arctic amplification. We find indications that SO4 perturbations produce a slightly stronger precipitation response than the other drivers, particularly compared to CO2.
Paleoearthquake History Along the Southern Segment of the Daliangshan Fault Zone in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Haoyue , He Honglin , Ikeda Yasutaka , Wei Zhanyu , Chen Changyun , Xu Yueren , Shi Feng , Bi Lisi , Shirahama Yoshiki , Okada Shinsuke , Echigo Tomoo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAssessing the seismic hazard of a fault is usually based on its record of strong earthquakes. Earthquake records with long periods of quiescence for active faults can lead to underestimates of seismic hazards, such as for the Longmenshan fault zone which produced the unanticipated 2008Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. The Daliangshan fault zone has a low slip rate and has not produced any strong earthquakes in history. As a result, little is known about its paleoearthquake history, including the behavior of any strong earthquakes it might produce and the seismic hazards posed by the Daliangshan fault zone. To solve this problem, we excavated four trenches across the Jiaojihe and Butuo faults along the southern segment of the Daliangshan fault zone. The paleoseismic investigations revealed six paleoearthquakes on the Jiaojihe fault in ~20,000 years and determined another seven rupturing events on the Butuo fault in ~42,000 years. The strong earthquake history of the Jiaojihe fault has evidence of temporal clustering, while the Butuo fault exhibits a relatively periodic recurrence pattern with intervals of 1,710–2,460 years. Based on its surface rupture length and the magnitude of observed displacement, the southern segment of the Daliangshan fault zone is capable of producingM > 6.5 earthquakes. Furthermore, based on their respective slip rates and the elapsed times since the most recent events along the Jiaojihe and Butuo faults, they have accumulated seismic energy equivalent toM ~ 7.6, suggesting they pose a significant seismic hazard to the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.
Biomarker Thermal Maturity Reveals Localized Temperature Rise From Paleoseismic Slip Along the Punchbowl Fault, CA, USA
Authors: Savage Heather M. , Polissar Pratigya J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Punchbowl Fault, California, USA, is an example of a simple fault zone that has a relatively narrow fault core with further slip localization to principal slip zones. We sampled the principal slip zone, fault core, and wall rocks and conducted hydrous pyrolysis experiments to analyze biomarker thermal maturity within the Punchbowl Fault. Using biomarker maturity as a proxy for temperature rise, we show that the existing principal slip zone experienced greater temperature rise than the surrounding fault core and wall rock, and therefore, we infer that earthquake slip localized along this layer. Furthermore, evidence of slight thermal maturity within the ultracataclasite suggests that the fault core is made up at least in part of reworked former principal slip zones. Using a wide range of possible layer thicknesses, we find that the maximum temperature range during a single earthquake could have varied from ~460 to 1,060 °C at 1‐m/s slip velocity. However, not all samples from within the principal slip zone show a temperature rise, indicating that layer thickness, slip, or shear stress varied during slip. Our temperature estimate also allows us to constrain the frictional energy dissipated during the earthquake to 2.2–25 MJ/m2. Our study demonstrates that localized slip structures can be directly linked to seismicity and that small changes in earthquake or fault parameters can lead to changes in temperature (and likely fault strength) at small scales.
Exploring Key Characteristics in Saturn's Infrared Auroral Emissions Using VLT‐CRIRES: Intensities, Ion Line‐of‐Sight Velocities, and Rotational Temperatures
Authors: Chowdhury M. N. , Stallard T. S. , Melin H. , Johnson R. E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a study of Saturn's
northern auroral emission using data from 19 May 2013 from the Very Large Telescope's long‐slit spectrometer Cryogenic Infrared Echelle Spectrograph (VLT‐CRIRES). Adaptive optics, combined with the spectral resolution of VLT‐CRIRES (
100,000), offers unprecedented spectrally resolved views of Saturn's infrared aurora. Discrete
emission lines—used to derive dawn‐to‐dusk profiles of auroral intensity, ion line‐of‐sight velocity, and thermospheric temperature—reveal a dawn‐enhanced aurora with an average temperature of 361 (±48) K and a localized dark region in the emission co‐located with a noon‐to‐midnight (and vice versa) flow in the ion velocity on the scale of ∼1 km/s, resembling an ionospheric polar vortex. A temperature hotspot of 379 (±66) K may be driving an emission region, corresponding to a location where
is failing to cool the thermosphere. Results presented here have implications for current understanding on the complex nature of Saturn's thermosphere‐ionosphere‐magnetosphere interaction.
Ligand Binding Strength Explains the Distribution of Iron in the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Pham Anh L. D. , Ito Takamitsu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObservations of dissolved iron (dFe) in the subtropical North Atlantic revealed remarkable features: While the near‐surface dFe concentration is low despite receiving high dust deposition, the subsurface dFe concentration is high. We test several hypotheses that might explain this feature in an ocean biogeochemistry model with a refined Fe cycling scheme. These hypotheses invoke a stronger lithogenic scavenging rate, rapid biological uptake, and a weaker binding between Fe and a ubiquitous, refractory ligand. While the standard model overestimates the surface dFe concentration, a 10‐time stronger biological uptake run causes a slight reduction in the model surface dFe. A tenfold decrease in the binding strength of the refractory ligand, suggested by recent observations, starts reproducing the observed dFe pattern, with a potential impact for the global nutrient distribution. An extreme value for the lithogenic scavenging rate can also match the model dFe with observations, but this process is still poorly constrained.
The Influence of Tropical Cyclones on Circulation, Moisture Transport, and Snow Accumulation at Kilimanjaro During the 2006–2007 Season
Authors: Collier E. , Sauter T. , Mölg T. , Hardy D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTropical cyclones represent an important component of intraseasonal atmospheric variability in the southwest Indian Ocean, and their landfall can be devastating to coastal communities. However, little is known about their impact on precipitation in the high‐elevation regions of East Africa. Here we combine in situ measurements from the summit of Kilimanjaro and subkilometer atmospheric modeling of the region to investigate the impact of these storms during the 2006–2007 cyclone season, which was characterized by anomalously positive snow accumulation at the summit coinciding with cyclone activity. Observations indicate that two storms are associated with snowfall amounts exceeding 10 cm per day, an amount representing ~5% of the observed average annual total. Numerical simulations show that some tropical cyclones transport moisture directly to the region while others induce moisture transport from the continental interior. Our study suggests that these synoptic‐scale phenomena have the potential to complicate the extraction of climate signals from glaciers.
Neuronal cell-subtype specificity of neural synchronization in mouse primary visual cortex
Authors: Knoblich Ulf , Huang Lawrence , Zeng Hongkui , Li Lu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpatiotemporally synchronised neuronal activity is central to sensation, motion and cognition. Brain circuits consist of dynamically interconnected neuronal cell-types, thus elucidating how neuron types synergise within the network is key to understand the neuronal orchestra. Here we show that in neocortex neuron-network coupling is neuronal cell-subtype specific. Employing in vivo two-photon (2-p) Calcium (Ca) imaging and 2-p targeted whole-cell recordings, we cell-type specifically investigated the coupling profiles of genetically defined neuron populations in superficial layers (L) of mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Our data reveal novel subtlety of neuron-network coupling in inhibitory interneurons (INs). Parvalbumin (PV)- and Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing INs exhibit skewed distributions towards strong network-coupling; in Somatostatin (SST)-expressing INs, however, two physiological subpopulations are identified with distinct neuron-network coupling profiles, providing direct evidence for subtype specificity. Our results thus add novel functional granularity to neuronal cell-typing, and provided insights critical to simplifying/understanding neural dynamics.
Microbiota of human precolostrum and its potential role as a source of bacteria to the infant mouth
Authors: Ruiz Lorena , Bacigalupe Rodrigo , García-Carral Cristina , Boix-Amoros Alba , Argüello Héctor , Silva Camilla Beatriz , de los Angeles Checa Maria , Mira Alex , Rodríguez Juan M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman milk represents a source of bacteria for the initial establishment of the oral (and gut) microbiomes in the breastfed infant, however, the origin of bacteria in human milk remains largely unknown. While some evidence points towards a possible endogenous enteromammary route, other authors have suggested that bacteria in human milk are contaminants from the skin or the breastfed infant mouth. In this work 16S rRNA sequencing and bacterial culturing and isolation was performed to analyze the microbiota on maternal precolostrum samples, collected from pregnant women before delivery, and on oral samples collected from the corresponding infants. The structure of both ecosystems demonstrated a high proportion of taxa consistently shared among ecosystems, Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. being the most abundant. Whole genome sequencing on those isolates that, belonging to the same species, were isolated from both the maternal and infant samples in the same mother-infant pair, evidenced that in 8 out of 10 pairs both isolates were >99.9% identical at nucleotide level. The presence of typical oral bacteria in precolostrum before contact with the newborn indicates that they are not a contamination from the infant, and suggests that at least some oral bacteria reach the infant’s mouth through breastfeeding.
Hepatitis C virus sequence divergence preserves p7 viroporin structural and dynamic features
Authors: Oestringer Benjamin P. , Bolivar Juan H. , Claridge Jolyon K. , Almanea Latifah , Chipot Chris , Dehez François , Holzmann Nicole , Schnell Jason R. , Zitzmann Nicole 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) viroporin p7 oligomerizes to form ion channels, which are required for the assembly and secretion of infectious viruses. The 63-amino acid p7 monomer has two putative transmembrane domains connected by a cytosolic loop, and has both N- and C- termini exposed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. NMR studies have indicated differences between p7 structures of distantly related HCV genotypes. A critical question is whether these differences arise from the high sequence variation between the different isolates and if so, how the divergent structures can support similar biological functions. Here, we present a side-by-side characterization of p7 derived from genotype 1b (isolate J4) in the detergent 6-cyclohexyl-1-hexylphosphocholine (Cyclofos-6) and p7 derived from genotype 5a (isolate EUH1480) in n-dodecylphosphocholine (DPC). The 5a isolate p7 in conditions previously associated with a disputed oligomeric form exhibits secondary structure, dynamics, and solvent accessibility broadly like those of the monomeric 1b isolate p7. The largest differences occur at the start of the second transmembrane domain, which is destabilized in the 5a isolate. The results show a broad consensus among the p7 variants that have been studied under a range of different conditions and indicate that distantly related HCVs preserve key features of structure and dynamics.
Progesterone decreases gut permeability through upregulating occludin expression in primary human gut tissues and Caco-2 cells
Authors: Zhou Zejun , Bian Chuanxiu , Luo Zhenwu , Guille Constance , Ogunrinde Elizabeth , Wu Jiapeng , Zhao Min , Fitting Sylvia , Kamen Diane L. , Oates Jim C. , Gilkeson Gary , Jiang Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProgesterone plays a protective role in preventing inflammation and preterm delivery during pregnancy. However, the mechanism involved is unknown. Microbial product translocation from a permeable mucosa is demonstrated as a driver of inflammation. To study the mechanism of the protective role of progesterone during pregnancy, we investigated the effect of physiologic concentrations of progesterone on tight junction protein occludin expression and human gut permeabilityin vitroand systemic microbial translocation in pregnant womenin vivo. Plasma bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a representative marker ofin vivosystemic microbial translocation was measured. We found that plasma LPS levels were significantly decreased during 24 to 28 weeks of gestation compared to 8 to 12 weeks of gestation. Moreover, plasma LPS levels were negatively correlated with plasma progesterone levels but positively correlated with plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels at 8 to 12 weeks of gestation but not at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. Progesterone treatment increased intestinal trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in primary human colon tissues and Caco-2 cellsin vitrothrough upregulating tight junction protein occludin expression. Furthermore, progesterone exhibited an inhibitory effect on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation following LPS stimulation in Caco-2 cells. These results reveal a novel mechanism that progesterone may play an important role in decreasing mucosal permeability, systemic microbial translocation, and inflammation during pregnancy.
The combined antimicrobial effect of arginine and fluoride toothpaste
Authors: Bijle Mohammed Nadeem Ahmed , Ekambaram Manikandan , Lo Edward C. M. , Yiu Cynthia Kar Yung 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of arginine (Arg) in NaF toothpaste. 24-h mono-/3-species biofilm cultures of S. mutans, S. sanguis and S. gordonii inoculated sHA discs were subjected to treatment with toothpaste supernatants prepared as - [1]:2% Arg –NaF (0.147% F), [2]:4% Arg–NaF (0.144% F), [3]:8% Arg – NaF (0.138% F), [4]:NaF (0.15%) and [5]:deionized water. After 24-h incubation, the mono-species biofilms were subjected to viability assay using WST-8, SEM and confocal imaging (CLSM). The 3-species biofilm were quantified for bacterial composition by PCR analysis, SEM, CLSM, and RNA isolation with reverse-transcription PCR analysis. Increasing arginine concentrations in NaF toothpaste had no effect on microbial viability. The mono-/3-species biofilm imaging depicted that the 2% Arg-NaF and 4% Arg-NaF had a biofilm disrupting effect. The 3-species biofilm bacterial composition indicated that the 2% Arg-NaF group maintained an ecological homeostasis by inhibiting S. mutans growth and enriching the growth of S. sanguis and S. gordonii. The 2% Arg-NaF group significantly downregulated the expression of virulent gtfB gene and upregulated the expression of sagP with relative dominance of arcA. Incorporation of 2% arginine in NaF toothpaste might enrich the alkali-producing bacteria and provide enhanced counter mechanisms against cariogenic pathogen when compared to NaF toothpaste.