bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural and synthetic arsenic sulfide pigments in Japanese woodblock prints of the late Edo period
Authors: Zaleski Stephanie , Takahashi Yae , Leona Marco 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We recently described the use of an artificial arsenic sulfide pigment in Japanese woodblock prints from the Meiji period (1868–1912): we now expand on our previous work by investigating arsenic sulfide pigments used in Japanese woodblock prints of the late Edo period (1615–1868) and early Meiji period. The series of eight prints A Tour of the Waterfalls in Various Provinces (Shokoku Taki Meguri), by Katsushika Hokusai, issued between 1833 and 1834 is known to have been reproduced from entirely new blocks at some point during the late Edo or early Meiji periods. The two sets, original and copies are characterized by visually distinct color palettes as well as several differences in the image. Two such sets in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art were analyzed with particular attention to the yellow, orange, and green printed areas. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Raman microspectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed the use of natural orpiment in the original set and of artificial arsenic sulfide pigments in the reproduction set. In addition, the reproduction set features extensive use of ultramarine blue, the synthetic equivalent to lapis lazuli. This pigment, available commercially in Europe from 1830 onward has been documented in Japanese art so far only in a handful of late Edo period paintings. The results of our comparative analysis further highlight differences in pigment use between Edo and Meiji periods, and point to arsenic sulfide pigments as useful markers for the date of original production for popular prints of the Edo period.
United states of amnesia: rescuing memory loss from diverse conditions
Authors: Ortega-de San Luis Clara , Ryan Tomás J. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAmnesia – the loss of memory function – is often the earliest and most persistent symptom of dementia. It occurs as a consequence of a variety of diseases and injuries. These include neurodegenerative, neurological or immune disorders, drug abuse, stroke or head injuries. It has both troubled and fascinated humanity. Philosophers, scientists, physicians and anatomists have all pursued an understanding of how we learn and memorise, and why we forget. In the last few years, the development of memory engram labelling technology has greatly impacted how we can experimentally study memory and its disorders in animals. Here, we present a concise discussion of what we have learned about amnesia through the manipulation of engrams, and how we may use this knowledge to inform novel treatments of amnesia.
Polη, a Y-family translesion synthesis polymerase, promotes cellular tolerance of Myc-induced replication stress
Authors: Kurashima Kiminori , Sekimoto Takayuki , Oda Tsukasa , Kawabata Tsuyoshi , Hanaoka Fumio , Yamashita Takayuki 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Growth of precancerous and cancer cells relies on their tolerance of oncogene-induced replication stress (RS). Translesion synthesis (TLS) plays an essential role in the cellular tolerance of various types of RS and bypasses replication barriers by employing specialized polymerases. However, limited information is available about the role of TLS polymerases in oncogene-induced RS. Here, we report that Polη, a Y-family TLS polymerase, promotes cellular tolerance of Myc-induced RS. Polη was recruited to Myc-induced RS sites, and Polη depletion enhanced the Myc-induced slowing and stalling of replication forks and the subsequent generation of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Overexpression of a catalytically dead Polη also promoted Myc-induced DSB formation. In the absence of Polη, Myc-induced DSB formation depended on MUS81–EME2 (the S-phase-specific endonuclease complex), and concomitant depletion of MUS81–EME2 and Polη enhanced RS and cell death in a synergistic manner. Collectively, these results indicate that Polη facilitates fork progression during Myc-induced RS, thereby helping cells tolerate the resultant deleterious effects. Additionally, the present study highlights the possibility of a synthetic sickness or lethality between Polη and MUS81–EME2 in cells experiencing Myc-induced RS.
Septin-dependent remodeling of cortical microtubule drives cell reshaping during epithelial wound healing
Authors: Shindo Asako , Audrey Anastasia , Takagishi Maki , Takahashi Masahide , Wallingford John B. , Kinoshita Makoto 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Wounds in embryos heal rapidly through contraction of the wound edges. Despite well-recognized significance of the actomyosin purse string for wound closure, roles for other cytoskeletal components are largely unknown. Here, we report that the septin cytoskeleton cooperates with actomyosin and microtubules to coordinate circumferential contraction of the wound margin and concentric elongation of wound-proximal cells in Xenopus laevis embryos. Microtubules reoriented radially, forming bundles along lateral cell cortices in elongating wound-proximal cells. Depletion of septin 7 (Sept7) slowed wound closure by attenuating the wound edge contraction and cell elongation. ROCK/Rho-kinase inhibitor-mediated suppression of actomyosin contractility enhanced the Sept7 phenotype, whereas the Sept7 depletion did not affect the accumulation of actomyosin at the wound edge. The cortical microtubule bundles were reduced in wound-proximal cells in Sept7 knockdown (Sept7-KD) embryos, but forced bundling of microtubules mediated by the microtubule-stabilizing protein Map7 did not rescue the Sept7-KD phenotype. Nocodazole-mediated microtubule depolymerization enhanced the Sept7-KD phenotype, suggesting that Sept7 is required for microtubule reorganization during cell elongation. Our findings indicate that septins are required for the rapid wound closure by facilitating cortical microtubule reorganization and the concentric elongation of surrounding cells.
Sequential binding of ezrin and moesin to L-selectin regulates monocyte protrusive behaviour during transendothelial migration
Authors: Rey-Gallardo Angela , Tomlins Hannah , Joachim Justin , Rahman Izajur , Kitscha Phoebe , Frudd Karen , Parsons Maddy , Ivetic Aleksandar 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) is absolutely fundamental to the inflammatory response, and involves initial pseudopod protrusion and subsequent polarised migration across inflamed endothelium. Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins are expressed in leukocytes and mediate cell shape changes and polarity. The spatio-temporal organisation of ERM proteins with their targets, and their individual contribution to protrusion during TEM, has never been explored. Here, we show that blocking binding of moesin to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) reduces its C-terminal phosphorylation during monocyte TEM, and that on–off cycling of ERM activity is essential for pseudopod protrusion into the subendothelial space. Reactivation of ERM proteins within transmigrated pseudopods re-establishes their binding to targets, such as L-selectin. Knockdown of ezrin, but not moesin, severely impaired the recruitment of monocytes to activated endothelial monolayers under flow, suggesting that this protein plays a unique role in the early recruitment process. Ezrin binds preferentially to L-selectin in resting cells and during early TEM. The moesin–L-selectin interaction increases within transmigrated pseudopods as TEM proceeds, facilitating localised L-selectin ectodomain shedding. In contrast, a non-cleavable L-selectin mutant binds selectively to ezrin, driving multi-pseudopodial extensions. Taken together, these results show that ezrin and moesin play mutually exclusive roles in modulating L-selectin signalling and shedding to control protrusion dynamics and polarity during monocyte TEM.
Prevalence of neurogenic pulmonary edema among patients who died from head injury – a retrospective chart review
Authors: Okello Erasmus E. , Tumukunde Janat , Atumanya Patience , Kalungi Sam , Muhindo Alex , Kwizera Arthur 
Published: May 2018

Background:Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a less recognized complication of head injuries and is seldom considered in management protocols in most centers. We therefore conducted a study to determine the prevalence of Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema among patients who died from head injury at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda.Methods:An observational study conducted from the 1stJune to 31stAugust 2013, with ethical approval. We consecutively enrolled patients who died of head injuries in the hospital. Demographic data, duration of illness, severity of illness, and patient management instituted were gathered from patient medical files. Autopsy results of the brain, lungs, heart, liver and kidneys performed within 24 hours after death were reviewed.Results:Twenty-six patients who died from head injury were enrolled in this study over the study period. Only one patient had preexisting hypertension and obesity while the rest had no known premorbid medical history. Intracranial abnormalities including raised intracranial pressure had been detected by CT scan in 18/26 of the patients while others had a normal scan (1/26) or did not have a scan done (7/26). Features of pulmonary edema were detected in 76.9% (20/26) of the bodies on gross lung examination. Pulmonary edema was bilateral in 85% of the bodies. Congestion was also noted in the liver, heart and kidneys.Conclusions:Pulmonary edema is highly prevalent in head injury patients and needs to be critically recognized early in the formulation of a management plan, as it contributes to morbidity and secondary brain injury through respiratory embarrassment.
Estimating the contribution of studies in network meta-analysis: paths, flows and streams
Authors: Papakonstantinou Theodoros , Nikolakopoulou Adriani , Rücker Gerta , Chaimani Anna , Schwarzer Guido , Egger Matthias , Salanti Georgia 
Published: May 2018

In network meta-analysis, it is important to assess the influence of the limitations or other characteristics of individual studies on the estimates obtained from the network. The percentage contribution matrix, which shows how much each direct treatment effect contributes to each treatment effect estimate from network meta-analysis, is crucial in this context. We use ideas from graph theory to derive the percentage that is contributed by each direct treatment effect. We start with the ‘projection’ matrix in a two-step network meta-analysis model, called the H matrix, which is analogous to the hat matrix in a linear regression model. We develop a method to translate H entries to percentage contributions based on the observation that the rows of H can be interpreted as flow networks, where a stream is defined as the composition of a path and its associated flow. We present an algorithm that identifies the flow of evidence in each path and decomposes it into direct comparisons. To illustrate the methodology, we use two published networks of interventions. The first compares no treatment, quinolone antibiotics, non-quinolone antibiotics and antiseptics for underlying eardrum perforations and the second compares 14 antimanic drugs. We believe that this approach is a useful and novel addition to network meta-analysis methodology, which allows the consistent derivation of the percentage contributions of direct evidence from individual studies to network treatment effects.
Design and protocol for a pragmatic randomised study to optimise screening, prevention and care for tuberculosis and HIV in Malawi (PROSPECT Study)
Authors: MacPherson Peter , Webb Emily L , Lalloo David G. , Nliwasa Marriott , Maheswaran Hendramoorthy , Joekes Elizabeth , Phiri Dama , Squire Bertie , Pai Madhukar , Corbett Elizabeth L 
Published: May 2018

Background: Adults seeking diagnosis and treatment for tuberculosis (TB) and HIV in low-resource settings face considerable barriers and have high pre-treatment mortality. Efforts to improve access to prompt TB treatment have been hampered by limitations in TB diagnostics, with considerable uncertainty about how available and new tests can best be implemented. Design and methods: The PROSPECT Study is an open, three-arm pragmatic randomised study that will investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of optimised HIV and TB diagnosis and linkage to care interventions in reducing time to TB diagnosis and prevalence of undiagnosed TB and HIV in primary care in Blantyre, Malawi. Participants (≥ 18 years) attending a primary care clinic with TB symptoms (cough of any duration) will be randomly allocated to one of three groups: (i) standard of care; (ii) optimised HIV diagnosis and linkage; or (iii) optimised HIV and TB diagnosis and linkage. We will test two hypotheses: firstly, whether prompt linkage to HIV care should be prioritised for adults with TB symptoms; and secondly, whether an optimised TB triage testing algorithm comprised of digital chest x-ray evaluated by computer-aided diagnosis software and sputum GeneXpert MTB/Rif can outperform clinician-directed TB screening. The primary trial outcome will be time to TB treatment initiation by day 56, and secondary outcomes will include prevalence of undiagnosed TB and HIV, mortality, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. Conclusions: The PROSPECT Study will provide urgently-needed evidence under “real-life” conditions to inform clinicians and policy makers on how best to improve TB/HIV diagnosis and treatment in Africa. Clinical trial registration: NCT03519425 (08/05/2018)
Market-Oriented Service Network Design When Demand is Sensitive to Congestion
Authors: Schön Cornelia , Saini Pratibha 
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we present a market-oriented service network design model in which the seller’s problem is to determine how many facilities to open, where to locate them, and which service capacities and service levels they should have to maximize overall profit. Our model explicitly considers the customers’ facility choice as a function of typical choice determinants, such as travel distance and congestion delays (which are endogenously impacted by the seller’s decisions) as well as other, exogenous factors such as price level and product variety. We relax the assumption adopted in many related works that the service provider has discretion as to the assignment of customers to facilities; instead, we allow customers to self-select based on their preferences for facility attributes according to an attraction-based choice model. Furthermore, we capture not only the effect of congestion on demand but also the reciprocal impacts of demand on congestion and service level by modeling each facility as an M/G/1 queue with service capacity as a decision variable. The resulting model represents a non-linear mixed-integer problem (MIP); however, we show that this problem can be linearized introducing several new continuous variables and constraints. To solve the linearized MIP to proven optimality or approximately, we develop an exact decomposition approach and heuristics. We report the performance testing of our approach with regard to run times and solution quality in an extensive computational experiment. A case study of the selection of locations for new convenience stores in Heidelberg, Germany illustrates the real-world applicability of the model using empirical market research data. An equivalent problem arises in a number of other applications, particularly in service shop industries such as restaurants and retailers. Surprisingly, profit maximization under customer-choice-driven behavior has rarely been considered as an objective in the related literature. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0797 .
Pulling the Past into the Present: Curating Islamic Art in a Changing World, a Perspective from Berlin
Authors: Weber Stefan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Demographic and social change presents museums with challenges at various levels. Islam has become a core referent in public discourse, which often also affects views of collective identity and personal political stances in fundamental ways. The dominant place of Islam in global debate does not stop at the doors of our museums. The main thesis of this article is that exhibitions of Islamic art are, whether we like it or not, sites of identity negotiation where relations to ‘me and my world’ are established. This article takes a closer look at the process of identity formation in regard to contemporary museum politics. It asks questions such as, ‘In what ways do the social dynamics surrounding the subject of Islam function, and how do these impact museum spaces?’; ‘What role do museums have in these emerging dynamics?’; and ‘How do curators respond to the shifting needs of visitors?’ The classical layout and communication strategies of Islamic art collections were often insufficiently framed to address these layered concerns, despite curators’ knowledge of the rich diversity of Islamicate histories. During the last few years, however, different curatorial teams have struggled to discover better techniques and narratives for this diversity. The Berlin Museum contains one such team, and the second part of this article outlines some of their new approaches.
A Museum without Walls: Dar al-Athar al-Islamiyyah’s Cultural Diplomacy
Authors: Fabbri Roberto 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
For almost two decades, Gulf sheikhdoms have consolidated their political mandate and legacy through large acquisition programmes of artworks and through building world-class museums. The aim of these policies is to foster a sense of national collective identity internally, while promoting the trustworthy profile of a fully advanced society to the rest of the world. While this seems to be the regional trend, this article investigates the anomaly of Dar al-Athar al-Islamiyyah (DAI), a Kuwaiti cultural institution predating most of the museums in the Gulf. I argue that the DAI offers an alternative narrative that focuses on art as a diplomatic agent to explain Islamic civilization in broad terms, as opposed to being limited to one country’s national discourse. In 1991, as a consequence of the first Gulf War, DAI’s building was burned down. This unusual condition of being a ‘museum without walls’, regrettably protracted for many years, transformed DAI into a fluid entity showcasing the depth of Islamic civilization locally and internationally through its broad collection. DAI’s primary tool of cultural diplomacy was, and still is, its travelling exhibitions. This article explores their museographical aspects, surrounding context, and subsequent reception.
Artist sanction and street works
Authors: Moser Shelby 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article analyses some of the relevant features that pertain to graffiti, street art and viewer appreciation. Although street works are normally recognized by their formal features, I will focus on their contextual features, which are of prime import since they guide our responses to the works. Although context might depend on an account of an artist’s intentions, I will instead focus on the artist’s sanction. We can identify sanctions of artists by identifying the constraints and conventions that they work within, which allows us to appeal to the artist’s intent while minimizing the degree of interpretation.
Identifikasi dan Kuantifikasi Antosianin dari Fraksi Bunga Rosela (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L) dan Pemanfaatannya sebagai Zat Warna Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)
Authors: Anggistia Mitha Dea , Widiyandari Hendri , Anam Khairul 
Published: May 2018

Identifikasi antosianin dari fraksi bunga Rosela (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) dan pemanfaatannya sebagai zat warna dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkuantifikasi kadar antosianin dari fraksi bunga rosela dan menentukan hubungan kadar antosianin terhadap efisiensi sel pada DSSC. Metode yang digunakan adalah (i) ekstraksi antosianin dengan maserasi, (ii) fraksinasi ekstrak antosianin secara kromatografi kolom dengan fasa gerak air-metanol (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) dan fasa diam sephadex LH-20, (iii) identifikasi senyawa antosianin dengan KLT dan penampak bercak (AlCl3 dan uap amoniak), (iv) kuantifikasi kadar antosianin, (v) aplikasi zat warna antosianin ke DSSC dan (vi) karakterisasi senyawa antosianin pada fraksi yang memiliki performansi DSSC paling tinggi menggunakan spektroskopi UV-Vis dan IR. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar relatif antosianin mempengaruhi nilai efisiensi sel surya DSSC. Semakin besar kadar relatif antosianin maka nilai efisiensi sel surya semakin tinggi. Fraksi 1 menunjukkan nilai kadar relatif antosianin 3,56% dan nilai efisiensi sel surya yaitu 1,014 x 10-4%, sedangkan fraksi 2 menunjukkan nilai kadar relatif antosianin 40,29% dan nilai efisiensi sel surya fraksi 2 yaitu 6,59 x 10-4 %.
Electrical characteristics of PVA-PANI-ZnS nanocomposite film synthesized by gamma irradiation method
Authors: Bahrami Afarin , Behzad Kasra , Faraji Nastaran , Kharazmi Alireza 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This work presents the synthesis of PANI-PVA-ZnS nanocomposite films by gamma irradiation approach. The samples were irradiated with different doses ranging from 10 kGy to 40 kGy. Subsequently, structural, morphological, optical and electrical characteristics of the samples were investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed to study the chemical structure of the samples. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of nanocomposites. The electronic absorption characteristics of the samples were measured by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy. The AC and DC electrical behaviors of the samples were characterized using LCR meter in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 1 MHz. The impedance values of the samples were extracted from Cole-Cole plots and consequently DC conductivity was calculated.
Photoluminescence properties of ZrO2:Gd3
+, ZrO2:Gd3
+ – Dy3+ and ZrO2:Gd3
+ – Yb3+ phosphors by Pechini method
Authors: Yildiz Esra 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Zr0.99Gd0.01O2, Zr0.98Gd0.01Dy0.01O2 and Zr0.98Gd0.01Yb0.1O2 phosphors were synthesized by Pechini method at 1200 °C for 12 h in air. The phosphors were characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis/thermal gravimetry (DTA/TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence spectrofluorometer (PL). X-ray powder diffraction studies showed that the phosphors were crystallized as monoclinic and tetragonal multiphases. The particle size of the phosphors after heat treatment at 1200 °C was found to be of 200 nm to 250 nm. Luminescence studies on these phosphors have been carried out on the emission and excitation, along with lifetime measurements. The results of emission analysis indicate that the phosphors are expected to find potential applications as new optical materials.
A review of dielectric optical metasurfaces for wavefront control
Authors: Kamali Seyedeh Mahsa , Arbabi Ehsan , Arbabi Amir , Faraon Andrei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDuring the past few years, metasurfaces have been used to demonstrate optical elements and systems with capabilities that surpass those of conventional diffractive optics. Here, we review some of these recent developments, with a focus on dielectric structures for shaping optical wavefronts. We discuss the mechanisms for achieving steep phase gradients with high efficiency, simultaneous polarization and phase control, controlling the chromatic dispersion, and controlling the angular response. Then, we review applications in imaging, conformal optics, tunable devices, and optical systems. We conclude with an outlook on future potentials and challenges that need to be overcome.