bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work, social protection and the middle classes: What future in the digital age?
Authors: Palier Bruno 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe digitalization of the economy can be interpreted as an industrial revolution, a series of technological innovations associated with new practices and new business models. As for previous industrial revolutions, a phase involving the destruction of existing systems and structures is driving a profound transformation of the world of work and the development of new sectors of activity and new jobs, including changes in the labour market and in the types of jobs created. This puts into question the position of the middle classes, and presents new challenges for social protection. This article seeks to understand the impacts of digital technology on the economy and employment, including the phenomena of labour market polarization. It describes the new forms of employment and work and analyses the social risks and the likely ramifications for the middle classes in the digital age. In turn, new possibilities for social protection in the digital age are discussed. The article concludes that there is a need to re‐evaluate jobs that involve the provision of personal and care services, including to support social investment, to strengthen the future prospects of the weakened middle classes.
Shared decision‐making across the specialties: Much potential but many challenges
Authors: Kalsi Dilraj , Ward Joel , Lee Regent , Fulford Kenneth , Handa Ashok 
Published: September 2019

AbstractShared decision‐making (SDM) is a collaborative process through which patients and clinicians work together to arrive at a mutually agreed‐upon treatment plan. The use of SDM has gathered momentum, with it being legally mandated in some areas; however, despite being a ubiquitously applicable intervention, its maturity in use varies across the specialties and requires an appreciation of the nuanced and different challenges they each present. It is therefore our aim in this paper to review the current and potential use of SDM across a wide variety of specialties in order to understand its value and the challenges in its implementation. The specialties we consider are Primary Care, Mental Health, Paediatrics, Palliative Care, Medicine, and Surgery.SDM has been demonstrated to improve decision quality in many scenarios across all of these specialties. There are, however, many challenges to its successful implementation, including the need for high‐quality decision aids, cultural shift, and adequate training. SDM represents a paradigm shift towards more patient‐centred care but must be implemented with continued people centricity in order to realize its full potential.
Supratherapeutic Psychotropic Drug Levels in the Emergency Department and Their Association with Delirium Duration: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Han Jin H. , Chen Alex , Vasilevskis Eduard E. , Schnelle John F. , Ely E. Wesley , Chandrasekhar Rameela , Morrison Ryan D. , Ryan Timothy P. , Daniels J. Scott , Sutherland Jeff J. , Simmons Sandra F. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesPolypharmacy is associated with delirium, but the mechanisms for this connection are unclear. Our goal was to determine the frequency of supratherapeutic psychotropic drug levels (SPDLs) in older hospitalized patients and if it is associated with the duration of emergency department (ED) delirium.DesignSecondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care academic medical center.ParticipantsED patients 65 years or older who were admitted to the hospital.MeasurementsDelirium was assessed in the ED and during the first 7 days of hospitalization using the modified Brief Confusion Assessment Method. Drug concentrations were determined in serum samples collected at enrollment via a novel platform based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry capable of identifying and quantitating 78 clinically approved medications including opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and amphetamines. Patients with serum psychotropic drug concentrations above established reference ranges were considered supratherapeutic and have a SPDL. We performed proportional odds logistic regression to determine if SPDLs were associated with ED delirium duration adjusted for confounders. Medical record review was performed to determine if the doses of medications associated with SPDLs were adjusted at hospital discharge.ResultsA total of 158 patients were enrolled; of these, 66 were delirious in the ED. SPDLs were present in 11 (17%) of the delirious and 4 (4%) of the non‐delirious ED patients. SPDLs were significantly associated with longer ED delirium duration (adjusted proportional odds ratio = 6.0; 95% confidence interval = 2.1‐17.3) after adjusting for confounders. Of the 15 medications associated with SPDLs, 9 (60%) were prescribed at the same or higher doses at the time of hospital discharge.ConclusionSPDLs significantly increased the odds of prolonged ED delirium episodes. Approximately half of the medications associated with SPDLs were continued after hospital discharge at the same or higher doses. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2387–2392, 2019
Neurobehavioural complications of sleep deprivation: Shedding light on the emerging role of neuroactive steroids
Authors: Frau Roberto , Traccis Francesco , Bortolato Marco 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSleep deprivation (SD) is associated with a broad spectrum of cognitive and behavioural complications, including emotional lability and enhanced stress reactivity, as well as deficits in executive functions, decision making and impulse control. These impairments, which have profound negative consequences on the health and productivity of many individuals, reflect alterations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its connectivity with subcortical regions. However, the molecular underpinnings of these alterations remain elusive. Our group and others have begun examining how the neurobehavioural outcomes of SD may be influenced by neuroactive steroids, a family of molecules deeply implicated in sleep regulation and the stress response. These studies have revealed that, similar to other stressors, acute SD leads to increased synthesis of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone in the PFC. Whereas this up‐regulation is likely aimed at counterbalancing the detrimental impact of oxidative stress induced by SD, the increase in prefrontal allopregnanolone levels contributes to deficits in sensorimotor gating and impulse control, signalling a functional impairment of PFC. This scenario suggests that the synthesis of neuroactive steroids during acute SD may be enacted as a neuroprotective response in the PFC; however, such compensation may in turn set off neurobehavioural complications by interfering with the corticolimbic connections responsible for executive functions and emotional regulation.
Atypical koebner phenomenon on a tattoo
Authors: Tammaro Antonella , Chello Camilla , Magri Francesca , Gelormini Enza , Parisella Francesca Romana , Daniele Alessandra , Signati Federica , Persechino Severino , Raffa Salvatore 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTattooing is more and more popular in developed countries in recent years and many side effects are associated with this practice, including psoriatic lesions and Koebner phenomenon. We report the case of a lichenoid reaction to red pigment in a patient affected by psoriasis.
Dexmedetomidine versus sufentanil with high‐ or low‐concentration ropivacaine for labor epidural analgesia: A randomized trial
Authors: Cheng Qiuju , Bi Xiaobao , Zhang Weiqiang , Lu Yanling , Tian Hang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo study analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine or sufentanil, both combined with ropivacaine, in epidural analgesia during labor.MethodsWe recruited 160 primigravidae with full‐term pregnancy who received epidural anesthesia during labor and randomized them into four groups to receive epidural administration of ropivacaine combined with sufentanil (RS1 and RS2 groups) or with dexmedetomidine (RD1 and RD2 groups). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate before anesthesia (T1), 15 min after anesthesia induction (T2), on delivery (T3) and 2 h postpartum (T4), together with visual analogue scale scores, Bromage scores, Ramsay scores, adverse reactions during analgesia and urinary retention at 6 and 24 h postpartum were recorded; the pH, PCO2 and PO2 of umbilical cord arterial blood and Apgar scores at 1, 5 and 10 min after childbirth were assessed.ResultsRS1 group had significantly lower systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate than RD1 group at T2 and T3 (all P < 0.05), but not at T1. At T2 and T3, the other three groups were lower than RS2 group in visual analogue scale and Ramsay scores (all P < 0.05). After childbirth, RD2 group had significantly higher PO2 result than other three groups (P < 0.05). At 6 h postpartum, RD2 group had significantly fewer cases of urinary retention than RD1 and RS1 groups (both P < 0.05).ConclusionA relatively low concentration of ropivacaine, combined with dexmedetomidine, is better in analgesia during labor.
Defining the hepatitis C cure cascade in an Urban health system using the electronic health record
Authors: Miller Lesley S. , Millman Alexander J. , Lom Jennifer , Osinubi Ademola , Ahmed Farah , Dupont Sarah , Rein David , Vellozzi Claudia , Harris Aaron M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a public health threat. The electronic health record (EHR) can be used to monitor patients along the HCV cure cascade and highlight opportunities for interventions to improve cascade outcomes. We developed an HCV patient registry using data from Grady Health System's (GHS) EHR and performed a cross‐sectional analysis of 72 745 GHS patients who received anti‐HCV testing from 2004 to 2016. We created a testing cascade: (1) anti‐HCV reactive, (2) HCV RNA tested and (3) HCV RNA detectable; and a cure cascade: (1) HCV RNA detectable, (2) engaged in care, (3) treatment prescribed, (4) sustained virologic response (SVR) tested and (5) SVR documented. A total of 9893 (14%) had reactive anti‐HCV tests of 72 745 patients tested, 5109 (52%) of these had HCV RNA tested, and 4224 (43%) were HCV RNA detectable. A total of 2738 (65%) of 4224 with detectable RNA were engaged in care, 909 (22%) were prescribed antiviral therapy, and 354 (8%) achieved SVR. Factors associated with HCV treatment included cirrhosis, tobacco use, depression, diabetes, obesity, alcohol use, male gender, black race and Medicare insurance. Uninsured patients were significantly less likely to be prescribed HCV treatment. In conclusion, using EHR data, we identified high anti‐HCV prevalence and noted gaps in HCV RNA testing, linkage to care and treatment. The EHR can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of targeted interventions to overcome these gaps.
Characteristic analysis of simple sequence repeats in the ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda genome and its application in parentage assignment
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Chengsong , Yu Yang , Wang Quanchao , Li Fuhua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ridgetail white prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda is one of the most valuable marine resources in China, but few studies have been conducted to describe the characteristics of the simple sequence repeats (SSRs) for this species. The present study provides a genome‐wide view to SSRs in E. carinicauda. A total of 3,243,071 SSRs were detected in the whole genome sequences, while the mononucleotide SSR was the most abundant type. Adenine and Thymine (AT)‐rich SSRs were more abundant than guanine and cytosine (GC)‐rich SSRs. These SSR resources will be very useful for genetic studies such as parentage assignment, genetic diversity evaluation, and marker‐assisted selection. Sustainable development of E. carinicauda aquaculture requires improved breeding stocks and systematically family‐based selective breeding that relies on accurate pedigree information for estimating genetic merits. Therefore, eight highly polymorphic SSRs were selected for parentage assignment analysis. A total of 180 individuals from the offspring of four full‐sib and two half‐sib families were used to examine the efficacy of parentage analysis of those SSRs. The results showed that 98% of the offspring were unambiguously assigned to their female parent. The high efficacy of parentage assignment showed that the developed polymorphic SSR markers could be used for selective breeding in E. carinicauda.
Factors that May Influence Treatment Effects: Helping Practitioners Select Early Numeracy Interventions
Authors: Nelson Gena , McMaster Kristen L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite encouraging findings that show that interventions can improve students’ math understanding, achievement gaps in math often persist or even widen for students who struggle. Practitioners play a significant role in closing these achievement gaps because they have the responsibility to select or design interventions. Practitioners may wish to consider factors that influence intervention effectiveness. This study evaluated numeracy interventions and explored how features of the studies and interventions may have influenced reported effects. Exploratory analyses revealed smaller effects when only distal measures were considered (g = 0.35; SE = 0.05), or when studies reported including more than 30 percent of participants as English learners (g = 0.44; SE = 0.12). Results also indicated variable effects across the same intervention programs. Implications for practitioners related to selecting interventions are discussed.
Deficiency of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in hepatic dendritic cells triggers autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Tan Kangan , Xie Xuehai , Shi Wanwan , Miao Liang , Dong Xiaoqin , Yang Wanna , Shao Chen , Zhao Hong , Wang Yan , Wang Guiqiang , Hou Fengqin , Hong Yuan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease manifested with the aberrant activation of hepatic dendritic cells (HDCs) and the subsequent breakdown of immune homeostasis. As an important player, HDC maintains immunological balance between tolerance to self‐antigens versus destruction against pathogens in liver. However, the intracellular signalling networks that program HDC remain unclear. We have now found the role of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in HDCs.MethodsLiver sections from AIH patients and healthy subjects were stained for the markers of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Concanavalin A (ConA) and HDC/Hepa1‐6 vaccine‐induced AIH mouse models were examined for liver injury, inflammation and immune cell functions by serum biochemistry, histology, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry analysis. Wnt/β‐catenin signalling expression was measured using immunoblot and qRT‐PCR.ResultsCanonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in HDC is deficient in AIH patients and a mouse model, which coincides with the immunogenic function of HDCs. Furthermore, Wnt ligand engagement reactivates Wnt/β‐catenin signalling and recovers the immunoregulatory phenotype of HDCs, in turn alleviating the severity of AIH. Likewise, pharmacologic activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling attenuates AIH progression.ConclusionsWe report here that the constitutively active canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling confers HDCs tolerogenicity under steady‐state conditions. Deficiency of this pathway gives rise to T cell‐mediated immune response and incidence of AIH. It may act as a new pathogenesis and treatment target for AIH.
Albumin‐bilirubin grade‐based nomogram of the BCLC system for personalized prognostic prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ho Shu‐Yein , Hsu Chia‐Yang , Liu Po‐Hong , Hsia Cheng‐Yuan , Lei Hao‐Jan , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Ko Chih‐Chieh , Su Chien‐Wei , Lee Rheun‐Chuan , Hou Ming‐Chih , Huo Teh‐Ia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsThe prognostic accuracy of individual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient in each Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage is unclear. We aimed to develop and validate an albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) grade‐based nomogram of BCLC to estimate survival for individual HCC patient.MethodsBetween 2002 and 2016, 3690 patients with newly diagnosed HCC were prospectively enrolled and retrospectively analysed. Patients were randomly split into derivation and validation cohort by 1:1 ratio. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to generate the nomogram from tumour burden, ALBI grade and performance status (PS). The concordance index and calibration plot were determined to evaluate the performance of this nomogram.ResultsBeta coefficients from the Cox model were used to assign nomogram points to different degrees of tumour burden, ALBI grade and PS. The scores of the nomogram ranged from 0 to 24, and were used to predict 3‐ and 5‐year patient survival. The concordance index of this nomogram was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71‐0.81) in the derivation cohort and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.71‐0.81) in the validation cohort. The calibration plots to predict both 3‐ and 5‐year survival rate well matched with the 45‐degree ideal line for both cohorts, except for ALBI‐based BCLC stage 0 in the validation cohort.ConclusionsThe proposed ALBI‐based nomogram of BCLC system is a simple and feasible strategy in the precision medicine era. Our data indicate it is a straightforward and user‐friendly prognostic tool to estimate the survival of individual HCC patient except for very early stage patients.
Temperature‐ and size‐associated differences in the skeletal structures and osculum cross‐sectional area influence the pumping rate of contractile sponge Cinachyrella cf. cavernosa
Authors: Dahihande Azraj S. , Thakur Narsinh L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSponges alter the proportion of structural and morphological components such as spicule skeleton and number of oscula in response to environment, development and growth. Such mechanisms indicate morphological and physiological variations within populations. We measured the pumping rate of different sized specimens of contractile sponge Cinachyrella cf. cavernosa present in the intertidal rock pools, during morning and afternoon low tides along the central west coast of India. Additionally, we measured the exhalant opening (oscular cross‐sectional area—OSA), tissue density, spicule skeleton weight and the abundance of choanocyte chambers to assess the morphological variations. Water temperature and sponge size showed a significant positive effect on pumping rate. OSA and the number of oscula increased with sponge size, but the sponge volume‐specific pumping rate did not increase (0.029 ± 0.020 ml/s ml‐1). Histological sections showed the abundance of chaonocyte chambers increased marginally with the sponge size, but the contraction state affected the count. Both tissue density and spicule skeleton weight were positively correlated with sponge size, particularly the increase in the size and number of spicule bundles radiating from the centre indicated a denser core in larger specimens. The subcortical lacunae and the peripheral choanosome with high abundance of canals appear to be the major volume reduction zones during contraction events. Our results indicate that the size and number of spicule bundles increase with sponge volume and the variation in temperature, contraction state, and size and number of oscula influence the pumping rate of C. cf. cavernosa.
Fuegian Museums and Anthropological Discourses: A Comparison of the Representations of Indigenous Societies from Tierra del Fuego in the Two Southernmost Museums in the World (Museo del Fin del Mundo, Argentina, and Museo Antropológico Martín Gusinde, Chile)
Authors: Fiore Danae , Butto Ana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this essay, we analyze the museum scripts and exhibitions at the two southernmost museums in the world: Museo del Fin del Mundo (MFM, Ushuaia, Argentina) and Museo Antropológico Martín Gusinde (MAMG, Puerto Williams, Chile). The research focuses on the representations of Fuegian Indigenous peoples who inhabited (and still inhabit) Tierra del Fuego. To this end, comparative analyses are based on (a) the Indigenous societies represented; (b) the types of materials exhibited (archaeological, ethnographic, contemporary); (c) the uses of oral/written/photographic information; and (d) the types of museum displays used in each display case. The analyses aim to identify and discuss the different underlying anthropological discourses about the Indigenous Fuegian societies, their associations with past and present, prehistoric and historical events in Chile and Argentina, their visibility as “subjects” and/or “agents” within the contemporary local Fuegian communities, and their involvement in the formation of the museum's exhibitions.
The plant WEE1 kinase is involved in checkpoint control activation in nematode‐induced galls
Authors: Cabral Danila , Banora Mohamed Youssef , Antonino José Dijair , Rodiuc Natalia , Vieira Paulo , Coelho Roberta R. , Chevalier Christian , Eekhout Thomas , Engler Gilbert , De Veylder Lieven , Grossi‐de‐Sa Maria Fatima , de Almeida Engler Janice 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Galls induced by plant‐parasitic nematodes involve a hyperactivation of the plant mitotic and endocycle machinery for their profit. Dedifferentiation of host root cells includes drastic cellular and molecular readjustments. In such a background, potential DNA damage in the genome of gall cells is evident.

We investigated whether DNA damage checkpoint activation followed by DNA repair occurred, or was eventually circumvented, in nematode‐induced galls.

Galls display transcriptional activation of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase WEE1, correlated with its protein localization in the nuclei. The promoter of the stress marker gene SMR7 was evaluated under the WEE1‐knockout background. Drugs inducing DNA damage and a marker for DNA repair, PARP1, were used to understand the mechanisms for coping with DNA damage in galls.

Our functional study revealed that gall cells lacking WEE1 conceivably entered mitosis prematurely, disturbing the cell cycle despite the loss of genome integrity. The disrupted nuclei phenotype in giant cells hinted at the accumulation of mitotic defects. In addition, WEE1‐knockout in Arabidopsis and downregulation in tomato repressed infection and reproduction of root‐knot nematodes. Together with data on DNA‐damaging drugs, we suggest a conserved function for WEE1 in controlling G1/S cell cycle arrest in response to a replication defect in galls.
The opposing effects of genetic drift and Haldane's sieve on floral‐morph frequencies in tristylous metapopulations
Authors: Roux Camille , Pannell John R. 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Tristyly is a genetic floral polymorphism in which three floral morphs are maintained at equal frequencies by negative frequency‐dependent selection on alleles at two interacting loci. Because dominant alleles at these loci are maintained at a lower frequency than their recessive counterparts, they are more likely to be lost by founder events and genetic drift.

Here we examine the hypothesis that dominant alleles under negative frequency‐dependent selection should also be more likely to re‐invade populations than recessive alleles, due to Haldane's Sieve, because recessive alleles not expressed in a heterozygote state cannot benefit from positive selection when rare.

We used computer simulations of tristylous metapopulations to verify that Haldane's Sieve acting on migrants into occupied demes can indeed reverse the bias in allele frequencies expected for small single tristylous populations, particularly in situations of rapid population growth following colonisation. This effect is manifest both locally and at the metapopulation level.

Our study illustrates the potential effect of Haldane's Sieve in the novel context of an iconic plant sexual‐system polymorphism under the influence of metapopulation dynamics.