bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing Follow‐Along Physical Activity Videos with People Living With Chronic Conditions: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Tucker Sharon , Abbott Linda , Anderson Robert , Eppen Kim , Laroche Helena , Paelmo Evan , Lanningham‐Foster Lorraine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCompelling evidence supports multiple benefits of physical activity (PA) even in small bursts. Less than 50% of Americans achieve recommended PA levels, lower still for individuals living with chronic illness or disease.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of 3‐min follow‐along video scenarios to promote brief episodes of low–moderate levels of PA among individuals with chronic diseases.MethodsGuided by our previous studies and self‐efficacy theory, the program (WellMe in 3© for Patients) was modeled after another program developed for healthcare staff. An advisory panel and a health and fitness expert guided the creation of twelve 3‐min video scenarios that included two individuals living with chronic illness and a fitness leader who guided the PA scenarios and how to adapt them based on limitations. The 12 scenarios included 3 min of aerobic activities, stretching, or balance. Preliminary pilot effects were measured among 39 patients living with chronic conditions for one month. Standardized instruments were used to measure PA levels, PA self‐efficacy (SE), and quality of life (QoL); usability and satisfaction were assessed using researcher‐developed tools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to evaluate change over time.ResultsTwelve video scenarios were created tailored to persons with chronic illness. Thirty‐nine participants piloted the program, reporting an average of two chronic conditions. Baseline QoL scores were lower than normative data, self‐efficacy scores were low‐to‐moderate, and PA levels were very low. Participants averaged using one video per day. 62% of participants provided complete self‐reported pre‐ and post‐QoL and SE data and 41% provided pre‐ and post‐PA (accelerometer) data. Significant improvements were found for general health and energy scores, and trends were found for self‐efficacy scores. PA levels were highly variable with nonsignificant increases from baseline. Effect sizes were low–moderate for several measures. About 79% of participants rated program “Very good”; all recommended the program.Linking Evidence to ActionPhysical activity has multiple health benefits for all people including those living with chronic conditions. Even short bouts of physical activity have health benefits. A program of 3‐min follow‐along PA videoclips for individuals living with chronic disease holds promise for clinicians and researchers.
Snoring and incident chronic kidney disease: a community-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Changhyun , Joo Young Su , Lee Sangmi , Kang Shinchan , Kim Joohwan , Nam Ki Heon , Yun Hae-Ryong , Jhee Jong Hyun , Kim Hyoungnae , Han Seung Hyeok , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Kang Shin-Wook , Park Jung Tak 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesPrevious studies have shown that symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing are associated with metabolic derangements and vascular disease development. However, the relationship between snoring and renal function is not well investigated. The association between snoring and the development of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in subjects with normal renal function was evaluated.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingAnsung (rural community) and Ansan (urban community) cities.ParticipantsCommunity-based cohort participants aged 40–69 years.MethodsA total of 9062 participants in the Ansung–Ansan cohort study were prospectively followed up from 2001 to 2014. The participants were classified into three groups: non-snorer, <1 day/week and ≥1 day/week. The main outcome was incident CKD, which was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2during the follow-up period.Primary outcomeIncident CKD.ResultsThe mean subject age was 52.0±8.9 years, and 4372 (48.2%) subjects were male. The non-snorer,<1 day/week and ≥1 day/week groups included 3493 (38.5%), 3749 (41.4%), and 1820 (20.1%) subjects, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in the snoring groups than in the non-snoring group. Snoring frequency showed a significant positive relationship with age, waist:hip ratio, fasting glucose, total cholesterol (Tchol) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. During a mean follow-up of 8.9 years, 764 (8.4%) subjects developed CKD. Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that the risk of CKD development was significantly higher in subjects who snored ≥1 day/week than in non-snorers, even after adjustments for confounding factors (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.38, p<0.01).ConclusionSnoring may increase the risk of CKD development in subjects with normal renal function.
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies and functional assays decipher susceptibility genes for gastric cancer in Chinese populations
Authors: Yan Caiwang , Zhu Meng , Ding Yanbing , Yang Ming , Wang Mengyun , Li Gang , Ren Chuanli , Huang Tongtong , Yang Wenjun , He Bangshun , Wang Meilin , Yu Fei , Wang Jinchen , Zhang Ruoxin , Wang Tianpei , Ni Jing , Chen Jiaping , Jiang Yue , Dai Juncheng , Zhang Erbao , Ma Hongxia , Wang Yanong , Xu Dazhi , Wang Shukui , Chen Yun , Xu Zekuan , Zhou Jianwei , Ji Guozhong , Wang Zhaoming , Zhang Zhengdong , Hu Zhibin , Wei Qingyi , Shen Hongbing , Jin Guangfu 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveAlthough a subset of genetic loci have been associated with gastric cancer (GC) risk, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We aimed to identify new susceptibility genes and elucidate their mechanisms in GC development.DesignWe conducted a meta-analysis of four genome-wide association studies (GWASs) encompassing 3771 cases and 5426 controls. After targeted sequencing and functional annotation, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to confirm the functions of genetic variants and candidate genes. Moreover, we selected 33 promising variants for two-stage replication in 7035 cases and 8323 controls from other five studies.ResultsThe meta-analysis of GWASs identified three loci at 1q22, 5p13.1 and 10q23.33 associated with GC risk at p<5×10−8 and replicated seven known loci at p<0.05. At 5p13.1, the risk rs59133000[C] allele enhanced the binding affinity of NF-κB1 (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) to the promoter of PRKAA1, resulting in a reduced promoter activity and lower expression. The knockout of PRKAA1 promoted both GC cell proliferation and xenograft tumour growth in nude mice. At 10q23.33, the rs3781266[C] and rs3740365[T] risk alleles in complete linkage disequilibrium disrupted and created, respectively, the binding motifs of POU2F1 and PAX3, resulting in an increased enhancer activity and expression of NOC3L, while the NOC3L knockdown suppressed GC cell growth. Moreover, two new loci at 3q11.2 (OR=1.21, p=4.56×10−9) and 4q28.1 (OR=1.14, p=3.33×10−11) were associated with GC risk.ConclusionWe identified 12 loci to be associated with GC risk in Chinese populations and deciphered the mechanisms of PRKAA1 at 5p13.1 and NOC3L at 10q23.33 in gastric tumourigenesis.
Coffee Consumption and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in the Physicians’ Health Study
Authors: Bodar Vijaykumar , Chen Jiaying , Gaziano J. Michael , Albert Christine , Djoussé Luc 
Published: August 2019

Background

Although coffee consumption is often reported as a trigger for atrial fibrillation (
AF
) among patients with paroxysmal
AF
, prospective studies on the relation of coffee consumption with
AF
risk have been inconsistent. Hence, we sought to assess the association between coffee consumption and risk of
AF
in men.

Methods and Results

We prospectively studied men who participated in the Physicians’ Health Study (N=18 960). Coffee consumption was assessed through self‐reported food frequency questionnaires. The incidence of
AF
was assessed through annual questionnaires and validated through review of medical records in a subsample. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95%
CI
s of
AF
. The average age was 66.1 years. A total of 2098 new cases of
AF
occurred during a mean follow‐up of 9 years. Hazard ratios (95%
CI
) of
AF
were 1.0 (reference), 0.85 (0.71‐1.02), 1.07 (0.88‐1.30), 0.93 (0.74‐1.17), 0.85 (0.74‐0.98), 0.86 (0.76‐0.97), and 0.96 (0.80‐1.14) for coffee consumption of rarely/never, ≤1 cup/week, 2 to 4 cups/week, 5 to 6 cups/week, 1 cup/day, 2 to 3 cups/day, and 4+ cups/day, respectively; adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol intake, and exercise (
P
for nonlinear trend=0.01). In a secondary analysis the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (95%
CI
) of
AF
per standard deviation (149‐mg) change in caffeine intake was 0.97 (0.92‐1.02).

Conclusions

Our data suggest a lower risk of
AF
among men who reported coffee consumption of 1 to 3 cups/day.
Subclinical Longitudinal Change in Ankle‐Brachial Index With Aging in a Community‐Dwelling Population Is Associated With Central Arterial Stiffening
Authors: Oberdier Matt T. , Morrell Christopher H. , Lakatta Edward G. , Ferrucci Luigi , AlGhatrif Majd 
Published: August 2019

Background

Aging is associated with a modest decline in ankle‐brachial index (
ABI
); however, the underpinnings of this decline are not fully understood. The greater systolic ankle than brachial blood pressure, a normal
ABI
implies, is partially attributed to lower central than peripheral arterial stiffness. Hence, we examined the hypothesis that the age‐associated decline in
ABI
is associated with central arterial stiffening with aging, assessed by pulse wave velocity.

Methods and Results

We analyzed longitudinal data from 974 participants aged 27 to 95 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who were free of clinically significant cardiovascular disease. Participants had an average of 4 visits with a 6.8‐year average follow‐up time. Linear mixed‐effects models showed that the average
ABI
decline beyond the age of 70 years was 0.03 per decade. In multiple regression analysis, the
ABI
rate of change was inversely associated with initial age (standardized β=−0.0711,
P
=0.0282), independent of peripheral disease factors and baseline
ABI
. After adjustment, the pulse wave velocity rate of change was inversely associated with
ABI
rate of change (standardized β=−0.0993,
P
=0.0040), rendering the association of the latter with initial age nonsignificant (standardized β=−0.0265,
P
=0.5418).

Conclusions

A modest longitudinal decline in
ABI
beyond the age of 70 years was shown to be independent of traditional risk factors for peripheral arterial disease but was accounted for by an increase in pulse wave velocity. A modest decline in
ABI
with aging might be a manifestation of changes in central hemodynamics and not necessarily attributable to peripheral flow–limiting factors.
Evaluation of Plasma Adenosine as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk: Analytical and Biological Considerations
Authors: Simard Trevor , Jung Richard , Labinaz Alisha , Faraz Mohammad Ali , Ramirez F. Daniel , Di Santo Pietro , Perry‐Nguyen Dylan , Pitcher Ian , Motazedian Pouya , Gaudet Chantal , Rochman Rebecca , Marbach Jeffrey , Boland Paul , Sarathy Kiran , Alghofaili Saleh , Russo Juan J. , Couture Etienne , Promislow Steven , Beanlands Rob S. , Hibbert Benjamin 
Published: August 2019

Background
Adenosine is a ubiquitous regulatory molecule known to modulate signaling in many cells and processes vital to vascular homeostasis. While studies of adenosine receptors have dominated research in the field, quantification of adenosine systemically and locally remains limited owing largely to technical restrictions. Given the potential clinical implications of adenosine biology, there is a need for adequately powered studies examining the role of plasma adenosine in vascular health. We sought to describe the analytical and biological factors that affect quantification of adenosine in humans in a large, real‐world cohort of patients undergoing evaluation for coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results

Between November 2016 and April 2018, we assessed 1141 patients undergoing angiography for evaluation of coronary artery disease. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used for quantification of plasma adenosine concentration, yielding an analytical coefficient of variance (CV
a
) of 3.2%, intra‐subject variance (CV
i
) 35.8% and inter‐subject variance (CV
g
) 56.7%. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, medications, and clinical presentation had no significant impact on adenosine levels. Conversely, increasing age (
P
=0.027) and the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (
P
=0.026) were associated with lower adenosine levels. Adjusted multivariable analysis supported only age being inversely associated with adenosine levels (
P
=0.039).

Conclusions
Plasma adenosine is not significantly impacted by traditional cardiovascular risk factors; however, advancing age and presence of obstructive coronary artery disease may be associated with lower adenosine levels. The degree of intra‐ and inter‐subject variance of adenosine has important implications for biomarker use as a prognosticator of cardiovascular outcomes and as an end point in clinical studies.
Prevalence and Evolution of Susceptibility‐Weighted Imaging Lesions in Patients With Artificial Heart Valves
Authors: Breiding Philipe S. , Duerrenmatt Jana T. , Meinel Felix G. , Carrel Thierry , Schönhoff Florian , Zibold Felix , Kaesmacher Johannes , Gralla Jan , Pilgrim Thomas , Jung Simon , Fischer Urs , Arnold Marcel , Meinel Thomas R. 
Published: August 2019

Background

In patients with mechanical heart valves, cerebral susceptibility‐weighted imaging (
SWI
) lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, postulated to be caused by degenerative metallic abrasion, are frequently referred to as
valve abrasion
. It remains unclear whether valve implantation not requiring cardiopulmonary bypass or biological heart valves also shows those lesions.

Methods and Results

Two blinded readers rated
SWI
lesions and cerebral amyloid angiopathy probability according to established criteria on brain magnetic resonance imaging pre‐ and postinterventionally. We assessed the association between valve type/cardiopulmonary bypass use and
SWI
lesion count on the first postinterventional scan using multivariable logistic regression. On postinterventional magnetic resonance imaging, 57/58 (98%) patients with mechanical heart valves had at least 1 and 46/58 (79%) 3 or more
SWI
lesions, while 92/97 (95%) patients with biological heart valves had at least 1 and 72/97 (74%) 3 or more
SWI
lesions. On multivariate analysis, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass during implantation significantly increased the odds of having
SWI
lesions on the first postinterventional magnetic resonance imaging (β per 10 minutes 0.498; 95%
CI
, 0.116–0.880;
P
=0.011), whereas valve type showed no significant association (
P
=0.338). Thirty‐seven of 155 (23.9%) patients fulfilled the criteria of possible/probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Conclusions

SWI
lesions in patients with artificial heart valves evolve around the time point of valve implantation and the majority of patients had multiple lesions. The missing association with the valve type weakens the hypothesis of degenerative metallic abrasion and highlights cardiopulmonary bypass as the main risk factor for
SWI
occurrence.
SWI
lesions associated with cardiac procedures can mimic cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Further research needs to clarify whether those lesions are associated with intracranial hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis or anticoagulation.
On Bridging A Modeling Scale Gap: Mesoscale to Microscale Coupling for Wind Energy
Authors: Haupt Sue Ellen , Kosovic Branko , Shaw William , Berg Larry K. , Churchfield Matthew , Cline Joel , Draxl Caroline , Ennis Brandon , Koo Eunmo , Kotamarthi Rao , Mazzaro Laura , Mirocha Jeffrey , Moriarty Patrick , Muñoz-Esparza Domingo , Quon Eliot , Rai Raj K. , Robinson Michael , Sever Gokhan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccurately representing flow across the mesoscale to the microscale is a persistent roadblock for completing realistic microscale simulations. The science challenges that must be addressed to coupling at these scales include the following: 1) What is necessary to capture the variability of the mesoscale flow, and how do we avoid generating spurious rolls within the terra incognita between the scales? 2) Which methods effectively couple the mesoscale to the microscale and capture the correct nonstationary features at the microscale? 3) What are the best methods to initialize turbulence at the microscale? 4) What is the best way to handle the surface-layer parameterizations consistently at the mesoscale and the microscale? 5) How do we assess the impact of improvements in each of these aspects and quantify the uncertainty in the simulations? The U.S. Department of Energy Mesoscale-to-Microscale-Coupling project seeks to develop, verify, and validate physical models and modeling techniques that bridge the most important atmospheric scales determining wind plant performance and reliability, which impacts many meteorological applications. The approach begins with choosing case days that are interesting for wind energy for which there are observational data for validation. The team has focused on modeling nonstationary conditions for both flat and complex terrain. This paper describes the approaches taken to answer the science challenges, culminating in recommendations for best approaches for coupled modeling.
On the Correlation between Total Condensate and Moist Heating in Tropical Cyclones and Applications for Diagnosing Intensity
Authors: Nolan David S. , Miyamoto Yoshiaki , Wu Shun-nan , Soden Brian J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile the transfer of moist enthalpy from the ocean to the atmosphere is the fundamental energy source for tropical cyclones, the release of latent heat in moist convection is the mechanism by which this energy is converted into the kinetic and potential energy of these storms. Most observational estimates of this heat release rely on satellite estimates of rain rate. Here, examination of five high-resolution numerical simulations of tropical cyclones reveals that there is a close correlation between the total condensate and the total heating, even though the former quantity is an amount and the latter is a rate. This relationship is due to the fact that for condensate to be sustained at large values, it must be rapidly replaced by new condensate and associated latent heating. Total condensate and total rain rate within fixed radial distances such as 111 km also show good correlations with the current intensity of the storm, but surprisingly, high values of condensate at high altitudes and close to the storm center are not good predictors of imminent intensification. These relationships are confirmed with an additional ensemble of 270 idealized simulations of tropical cyclones with varying sizes and intensities. Finally, simulated measurements of total condensate are computed from narrow swaths modeled after the cloud profiling radar on the CloudSat satellite. Despite their narrow footprint and the fact that they rarely cut through the exact center of the cyclone, these estimates of total condensate also show a useful correlation with current intensity.
Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Thyroid Cancer: A Single Medical Institution Experience of 18 Years
Authors: Byeon Hyung Kwon , Kim Sang Bin , Oh Hyeon Seok , Kim Hong Kyu , Choi In Hak , Kim Hyunjung , Cho Jae-Gu , Oh Kyung Ho , Baek Seung-Kuk , Woo Jeong-Soo , Kwon Soon-Young , Kim Hoon Yub , Jung Kwang Yoon 
Published: August 2019

Objective: The incidence of pediatric thyroid cancer is relatively low compared to the disease in adults. This study aims to present the data in our institution on pediatric thyroid cancer patients, with particular emphasis on the risk factors of recurrence together with treatment outcomes. Subjects and Methods: Between January 2000 and July 2018, patients <20 years who were diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma and primarily treated with surgery at a major large-volume tertiary medical center specializing in thyroid cancer were enrolled. A total of 83 patients were eligible for this study. Results: The majority of the studied patients were girls and adolescents (age ≥13 years). Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was the most common pathology (n = 74). PTC tumors >1 cm showed higher rate of lymph node metastasis and extrathyroidal extension than tumors ≤1 cm. All patients survived with nine PTC patients who displayed treatment failure. Age, tumor size, multifocality, lateral lymph node metastasis, and postoperative thyroglobulin levels were significant prognosticators for disease recurrence. Conclusion: Pediatric thyroid cancer is relatively rare and should be considered a specific disease entity with respect to the thyroid cancer in adults, since there are several distinctive characteristics.
Investigation and low energy improvement of the thermal environment of work areas in the Qingdao Metro in winter
Authors: Liu Jianwei , Wang Zheyong , Shan Peng , Wang Jinyu , Wang Cuiping 
Published: August 2019

Few studies have investigated the thermal environment of the work area hall in underground metro stations during winter. Two underground stations were chosen within Qingdao Metro Lines 2 and 3 to investigate the thermal environment in the work area hall in northern city metros in China. Air temperatures and wind velocity parameters were identified as key influencing factors and were continuously measured in the work area. The study found that the thermal environment fluctuates frequently in the work area throughout the day. Changes in temperatures and wind speeds were periodically caused by piston wind flowing from the platform level. To improve this heating situation in the work area in winter, the study proposes recycling waste heat from the power equipment rooms, using the air source but through the water cycle heat pump system. Insights from the study may help save energy and improve the thermal environment, and could be applied across metro stations in north China cities in winter. Practical application: The thermal comfort of the working area in the metro station hall is extremely poor as indicated by a study of Qingdao Metro stations. This paper explores the application of a heat pump as a means of heating the working area to improve the cold and damp winter environment for the metro staff using waste heat from the machine rooms.