bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Ultramafic-Mafic Rocks of Komatiitic Affinity in the Abujhrnar Basin of Bastar Craton (ME), India
Authors: Parthasarathy T. N. , Rajasekharan P. , Manjunath Y. S. , Chaturvedi S. N. , Bose A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ultramafic-mafic rocks of komatiitic affinity are reported from the Kerali area of Abujhmar basin in Bastar Craton, Madhya Pradesh. These rocks, occurring below the Gundul sandstone member of the Middle Proterozoic Abujhmar group, are composed of peridotitic komatiites, pyroxenitic komatiites and basaltic komatiites, besides tholeiites and microgabbro emplaced into them as dykes. Petrographically, olivine and pyroxene occur both as major phenocrysts, and as microphenocrysts, with the groundmass made up of interstitial glass. Normatively, these rocks are both olivine and hypersthene normative. Petrochemical data plots on discriminant ternary diagrams such as AFM, Jensen Cation plot, MgO-CaO-AI2O3 diagram, indicate their close similarity to the komatiitic trends shown by the type area rocks from the Munro Township area, Canada and Yilgarn Block of West Australia very much paralleling the trend of Barbertonland komatiites. Trace element data involving Ti, Y, Zr and V plots also points out that these rocks fall in the kornatiitic field as against the tholeiitic field. Tectonic environment discriminant diagram involving the plots of these ultramafic-mafic rocks indicates the possibility of deep passive or 'failed' (?) rift in the region through which these ultramatic-mafic rocks of komatiitic affinity might have been emplaced.
Palaeoenvironment of Bist College Member in Krol Formation Nainital, Lesser Himalaya
Authors: Shukla U. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Bist College member of Krol Formation, a locally developed arenaceous succession within the dominantly carbonate sequence is comprised of five major lithofacies, viz. (A) Thickly bedded fine to medium grained sandstone, (B) Cross-bedded sandstone, (C) lnterbedded sandstone-siltstone, (D) Rippled-parallel laminated fine-grained sandstone, and (E) Quartzarenite. The Bist College Member is characterised by repetition of lithofacies, and its deposition took place in subtidal-intertidal complex, in subtidal channels, tidalflat and tidal creeks. The clastic sedimentation of Bist College Member started as a result of increased influx of sediment from land and repetitive facies sequences were formed due to lateral shifting of depositional domains coupled with gradual subsidence. This terrigenous clastic sedimentation terminated with the reduced sediment supply from land, switching over to carbonate sedimentation of upper part of Krol Formation.
Remote Sensing Delineation of Zones Susceptible to Seismically Induced Liquefaction in the Ganga Plains
Authors: Gupta R. P. , Chander R. , Tewari A. K. , Saraf A. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Liquefaction in saturated sandy soils as a result of earthquake-induced shaking, poses a major threat to men and materials. Many parts of the Indo-Gangetic plains have experienced such catastrophes repeatedly. The border region of southern Nepal-northern Bihar (India) is a typical existing setting prone to soil liquefaction in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 1934 (Ms&gt;8) and the earthquake of 1988 (Mb = 6.7) induced extensive liquefaction in the terrain in living memory. Characteristics of soil in this area of nothern Bihar have been determined from field samples. Various parameters (e.g. clay content, D50 - and C-values) indicate high susceptibility to liquefaction among soils in the area.
A close study of remote sensing data (Landsat TM and MSS) products reveals that the boundaries of liquefaction zone in the Bihar-Nepal region during the 1934 earthquake are identifiable on the remote sensing images. This is due to a combination of several inter-related factors, such as landform, soil type, soil moisture and vegetation. These clues have been applied as guides on the adjoining remote sensing images for delineating areas on a regional scale, where liquefaction might possibly occur in the Ganga plains, in the event of future Himalayan earthquakes.
Upper Pleistocene Soricidae and Muridae from Bhimtal-Bilaspur Deposits, Kumaun Himalaya, India
Authors: Kotlia B. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The first Upper Pleistocene micromammalian assemblage consisting of Soricidae and Muridae in the Indian sub-continent is described from the fluvio-lacustrine sediments of Bhimtal-Bilaspur area of the Kumaun region. North India. Two new species, Sorex reumeri sp. nov. and Mus dhailai sp. nov. are proposed. Considering nearly all the soricid characters, Sorex reumeri sp. nov. is found to be more derived than the Lower Pleistocene Sorex. It is suggested that Mus dhailai sp. nov. does not have any phylogenetic connection with the Plio-Pleistocene Mus so far reported from the subcontinent. The age of the fossil horizon is 730-40 ka.
Seismicity Impact in Patan Taluka, District Satara, Maharashtra
Authors: Patwardhan A. M. , Karmalkar N. R. , Panaskar D. B. , Meshram D. C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The continued seismicity in the Koyna region has had the maximum impact in the Patan Taluka of the Satara District in Maharashtra within 30 km radius from the epicentral region of earthquakes. The Government of Maharashtra has undertaken rehabilitation of the villages which have suffered the damage and are threatened also by the collapsing edges of the overhanging lateritic cliffs. On the M.M. intensity scale the damages suffered by the settlements and lateritic plateau would indicate an intensity between VII and VIII. A high acceleration, maximum of 0.1 g (100 cm/sec2), is inferred for the soil profiles and alluvial tracts, loose gravel colluvium, river terraces material and weathered basalts on which the settlements are located. The continued seismicity around Koyna reservoir is often referred to as "reservoir induced", but such a mechanism is considered valid only for earthquakes originating from very shallow depths. For earthquakes whose hypocenters lie far below in the basement rocks (depth &gt;3 km), the magnitude frequency relationship (26 years period) is similar to that observed in any tectonically active regions. It seems that the seismicity is related more to the reactivation of basement faults, reflected also in the overall geomorphological features of the region.
Evidences for a Volcanic Province in the Central Indian Basin
Authors: Iyer S. D. , Sudhakar M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Based on various lines of evidence such as the widespread occurrence of basalts. pumice. volcanic glass shards and their transformational products (zeolites, palagonites, and smectite-rich sediments), we suggest the presence of a volcanic province in the Central Indian Basin (CIB). In addition to the rocks studied, the occurrence of many morpho-tectonic features such as seamounts, abyssal hills and major fracture zones at 73°E, 75°45'E and 79°E, have helped in correlating and in deciphering the source of the rock types. Further, the large manganese nodule fields in the CIB are seen to occur in conj unction with the volcanic materials, since the latter forms nuclei and substrates for ferromanganese deposits. It is concluded that a spatial relation exists between the occurrence of the volcanic materials and the ferromanganese deposits in the CIB.
Depositional Environmental History of the Chhattisgarh Basin, M.P., Based On Stromatolites and Microbiota
Authors: Moitra A. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Proterozoic Chhattisgarh basin, comprising 2000m thick sediments mainly limestonel/dolomite, sandstone and shale, shows prolific growth of stromatolites and presence of micro biota dominantly cyanobacteria. Added to these there are many sedimentary features and structures found in the rocks throughoutthe sequence. Depositional environment is thus well doculnented by physicochemical factors in general and biological features in particular.
Based on all these biogeological features, it has been deduced that the deposition is largely marine under tidal flat conditions, sources of sediments being both precipitation as well as terrigenous material. Sedimentation shows a distinct cyclic pattern commencing with arenaceous facies culminating into argillaceous facies with intervening calcareous facies. During the waning stage of sedimentary history of the Chhattisgarh basin, the cycles repeated rapidly, interpreted from the intercalatory sedimentation of the upper horizon, namely Raipur Limestone. Disposition of stromatolites ancLtheir morphologies reveal low as well as high-energy conditions of deposition, levels of deposition being both intertidal and subtidal ones. The sedimentological, mineralogical and petrological evidences point towards an alternating oxidising and reducing environments throughout the sequence irrespective of cycles or lithologies.
Overwhelming dominance of procaryotic algae and absence (7 or near absence) of eucaryotic algae have possibly the following implications, namely the temperature during deposition was raised above 40°C at least for major part during deposition and also the pH of the environment. was 7 or more.
Lithostratigraphy and Alluviation History of Quaternary Deposits of Southern Part Of Gangetic Plain, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Bhartiya S. P. , Narayan Shyam , Nigam A. C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Quaternary sediments of a southern part of the Gangetic Plain in parts of Allahabad, Banda, Fatehpur, Hamirpur, Pratapgarh and Raebareli districts of Uttar Pradesh have been classified into the Banda Older Alluvium (BOA), the Varanasi Older Alluvium (YOA) and the Newer Alluvium, each representing different eycles of sedimentation in basins of different configuration during different periods. The Banda Older Alluvium resting over the Bundelkhand Gneissic Complex or the Vindhyan Supergroup, represents the first cycle of Quaternary sedimentation which has been sub-divided into the basal Variegated clays and an upper Chitrakoot Formation. These sediments had their provenance in the Peninsular terrain. The Varanasi Older Alluvium constituting the second cycle of sedimentation comprises polycyclic sequence of sand, silt and clay with or without calcrete bands. Its sediments di ffers in mineralogical assemblage from that of Banda Older Alluvium and have been derived from Extra Peninsular region. The Newer Alluvium, the third cycle of sedimentation, has been sub-divided into Terrace Alluvium and Recent Alluvium confined within the palaeobanks of the rivers.
The evidences in favour of neotectonic movements recorded in the area are displacement of beds, deformational structures in Newer Alluvium, unusual straightening and abrupt changes in the river courses and sudden widening of flood plains or entrenchment of the rivers. An attempt has been made to work out the alluviation history of the Quaternary sediments of the area on the basis of available palaeontological data and some close lithological similarities.
Morphology and Recession of Miyar Glacier Lahaul - Spiti District, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Prashra K. C. , Dasgupta S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Miyar glacier is a 28 km. long valley-type galcier with a number of transverse tributary glaciers, encompassing an area of about 110 sq. km of ice and snow in its basin. It has retreated by about 325 m between 1963 and 1983 with an average annual retreat of about 16 m. This phenomenon is comparable with similar recessionery trends of other galciers of Lahaul, which indicates deglaciation period still prevalent in this part of the Himalaya.
Foraminifera from the Bagb Group, Narmada Basin, India
Authors: Rajshekhar C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The sediments of the Bagh Group lack keeled Cretaceous index/zone foraminifera, and therefore, are not suitable for standard biostratigraphic zonation. However, abundance of certain foraminiferal taxa, viz. Gavelinella piummerae, Siphogenerinoides clarki, species of Hedbergella, Archaeoglobigerina and Heterohelix globulosaare noticed in Nimar Sandstone Formation, Nodular Limestone Formation, and Chirakhan Limestone Formation respectively.
Overall foraminiferal assemblage which consists of more than 90% benthic and less than 10% planktonic elements is cosmopolitan and suggests a normal shallow marine environment of deposition. Frequency of foraminifera increases from the calc top ofNimar Sandstone to the uppermost marl and hence represents a transgressive phase.
The Bagh assemblage does not permit bed by bed correlation with the Cretaceous of Cauvery basin.
Geochemistry of the Phyllites of the Copper Mountain Region, Sandur Schist Belt, Karnataka
Authors: Krishna Rao B. , Hanuma Prasad M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chemical composition of the phyllites of the Copper Mountain region of the late Archaean Sandur Schist belt in the eastern block of the Dharwar craton indicates that the fine-grained clastic sediments from which they were formed, were derived from a provenance comprising -60% felsic, - 30% mafic and 10% ultramafic rocks. High Zr/Nb and Zr/Y ratios and lack of strong -ve Eu anomalies suggest that the felsic component of the provenance was dominantly made up of tonalites-trondhjemites; granites and granodiorites were very subordinate constituents. The sediments appear to have accumulated in a continental island are environment. Rarity of granitic constituents in the pre-Dharwar provenance of Sandur basin contrasts with the abundance of such constituents in the provenance for the fine-grained clastic sediments of basins in the western block of the Dharwar craton. The continental crust of the eastern block was apparently less evolved during the pre-Dharwar time as compared to that in the western block of the Dharwar craton.
Quaternary Stratigraphy and Sedimentation of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, Haryana
Authors: Thussu J. L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lithostratigraphy of the Indogangetic Plains in Haryana has been attempted on the basis of borehole data. Three geomorphic units have been identified. These show contrasting lithologies. Older sediments, represented by fans and piedmonts, essentially consist of a sequence of very coarse sediments. The Central Alluvial Plains (Ambala Older Alluvium) holds the bulk of the Quaternary sediments. Clay forms the dominant lithology in the southern part while alternate layers of sand and clay are predominant in the northern part. The main fluvial system seems to be in the northern part of the Central Alluvial Plain. Bulk of these sediments have been deposited under quiet condition with prolonged periods of semiarid type of climate. The occurrence of Quaternary sediments below the m.s.l. has been inferred due to faulting along WNW-ESE to E-W direction. Reactivation along north-south lineaments has also been inferred.
Mineral Matter in the Lrajmahal Coals: Study Through Incident Light Microscopy and Scanning Electron Micrography
Authors: Singh Mahendra P. , Singh Prakash K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Lower Gondwana coals of the Rajmahal group of coalfields have been studied, in detail, under the Petrological and the Scanning Electron Microscopes to elucidate the mode of occurrence of mineral matter and their microstructural relations with organic constituents. Observations of both the methods reveal the occurrence of mineral matter as massive impregnation, intimate inter growth, superficial mounting, superficial blanketting, pore filling and solution cavity filling. The absence of microstructures, when observed via incident light microscopy such as superficial blanketting and superficial mounting in the macerals and microlithotypes, in general. suggests their elimination during the course of grinding and polishing of the coal pellets. This suggests skewing of the mineral matter assessment through microscopic examination. The quantitative distribution of mineral matter in the coal lithotypes as observed in SEM is Durain&gt; Clarain &gt; Vitrain &gt; Fusain while the ash analysis of different lithotypes shows the order of dominance of ash (equivalent to mineral matter) as Durain &gt; Fusain&gt; Vitrain &gt; Clarain.
Petrogenesis of Quartz-Bearing Syenite Occurring Within Nepheline Syenite of the Elchuru Alkaline Complex, Prakasam Province, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Ratnakar J. , Vijaya Kumar K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A quartz-bearing syenite (QS) dyke cuts across the nepheline syenite (NS) in the Elchuru alkaline complex. The QS is leucocratic, medium grained and hypidiomorphic in texture. It is composed of K-feldspar, albite, amphibole, biotite and quartz. The QS has higher amounts of SiO2 Al2O3 and Na2O and, lower CaO and K2O than the average quartz syenite. The QS is metaluminous and oversaturated-in character. It has higher concentrations of Ga, Zr, Hf, Ta, V, Cr and U and, lower Ba, Rb, Sr, Y, Nb, Zn, Pb, Sc, Co, Ni and Th than fhe NS . The QS exhibits LREE-emiched and HREE-depleted pattern with a conspicuous negative Eu anomaly. The normalised incompatible trace element abundance pattern of the QS shows spikes for Ba, Ta and Y. A petrochemical comparison of the QS and NS suggests that they are derived from a feldspathic residual liquid by liquid immiscibility under variable PH2O and PCO2 conditions. This process mimics "branching differentiation" mechanism.
Mineralo-Chemical Analysis of Ilmenites from the River Valliyar and the Manavalakurichi Beach, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Nair Ajith G. , Damodaran K. T. , Suresh Babu D. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Characterisation of ilmenite collected from the source to the mouth of the River Valliyar shows progressive alteration with the exception of a junction. where a major tributary joins the main stream. Mineralogical and compositional comparison between alluvial ilmenites and those collected from the beach sediments of adjoining area indicates that the River Valliyar partly contributes to the enrichment of the Manavalakurichi deposit. FeO/Fe2O3 and Ti/(Ti+Fe) ratios along with ore microscopic and XRD studies confirm the degree of alteration in the ilmenites of the study area.
Rutile Exsolution in Fe3+-chromites: A Case Study from Layered Granulitic Complex of Sittampundi, S. India
Authors: Mitra Sachinath , Samanta Asok Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The presence of Fe3+ at both tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites (-45% of total iron). from Mossbauer spectroscopic data of Sittampundi chromite, strongly suggests that high fO2(10-7.30 to 10-7.34) conditions were prevalent during its formation. This Cr-spinel was formed with enough of Ti and Al (at its B-site) in its initial structure, attained while in the primary melt at high P-T field (&gt;10.6 kbar, &gt;950°C). The high fO2 in the crystallizing environment did not allow iron to remain as "free" Fe2+ ion to be stabilized into ilmenite structure. In chromite lattice, Ti4+ gets stabilized at Bsite only by coupled occupancy with bivalent cations, strongly with Fe2+. Inadequacy of Fe2+ content to charge-balance Ti4+ at B-site due to further oxidation of iron to Fe3+ caused an expulsion of Ti4+ from the chromite lattice. The released free Ti4+ ion readily combines with oxygen alone to form rutile (or its ilk) which comes out as acicular exsolution bodies within chromite, often following its crystallographic planes [along (111)].
Variation of Discharge and Solute Concentration in the Meltwaters of Dokriani (Bamak) Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Hasnain Syed I. , Thayyen Renoj J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Electrical conductivity of proglacial and supraglacial channels of Dokriani (Bamak) glacier have been studied during August-September 1992 and October-November 1993. Specific conductance of meltwaters of proglacial stream varies inversely with discharge both on diurnal and temporal scale. Observed year to year variations in solute characteristics are probably due to the change in internal channel system of the glacier. The spatial and seasonal variations in solute enrichment of supraglacial meltwaters depend on contact time with surface moraines.
The Significance of the Genus Whiteinella in the Mid-Cretaceous of Cauvery Basin, India
Authors: Venkatachalapathy R. , Ragothaman V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A study of 41 samples from the Karai-Kulakkanatham traverse revealed the presence of the genus Whiteinella which is recorded for the first time in this area. Three species of Whiteinella were identified. They are: Whiteinella archaeocretucea Pessagno, W. baltica Douglas and Rankin and W. brittonensis (Loeblich and Tappan). The position of Cenomanian - Turonian boundary event (CTBE) is placed between Rotalipora cushmani Zone and Whiteinella archaeacretacea Zone. The morphological description and stratigraphical importance of this species are discussed.
Potential Areas of Coal Seam Methane in India
Authors: Patra T. C. , Pandey A. K. , Datta H. C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Coal-Seam-Methane (CSM) natural gas that has evolved from and is adsorbed by coal seams is a potential source of unconventional energy World over. In India, the major part of this resource is contained in five coal-bearing areas, broadly across the eastern quadrant, This paper presents the resutts of a detailed subsurface geological analysis of the potential Gondwana coal bearing areas such as Raniganj, Jharia, Bokaro, Karanpura and petroliferous basins of West Bengal for CSM exploration and exploitation.
The correlations of coal rank and depth with gas content were used along with coal volume to determine CSM in-place. More than 150 Tcf (Trillion cubic feet) of CSM has been estimated for Gondwana basins of India, of which 25 to 75% may be recovered depending on the number of seams completedin, the size of the stimulation, well spacing and pattern of alignment.
Event Stratigraphy and Physico-Chemical Characters of Banded Gneissic Complex and Associated Supracrustals in the South Mewar Plains of Rajasthan
Authors: Bose Utpal , Mathur A. K. , Sahoo K. C. , Bhattacharya S. , Dutt Krishan , Aneel Kumar V. , Sarkar S. S. , Chowdhury S. , Chowdhury I. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The oldest cratonic nucleus pf the Western Indian shield, familiarly known as the Banded Gneissic Complex (BGC), occupies a large tract in the Mcwar plains of South Rajasthan. It has essentially an old gneissic component (3.3 Ga) and a host of mafic bodies associated with detrital and chemogenic sediments which have been subjected to multiple phases of anatexis and granite intrusions (2.9 Ga and later events). The emplacement of Berach granite and succeeding dolerite dyke swarms mark the end-Archaean cratonization process. This also initiated intracratonic and cratonmarginal basin formation.
Later magmatism, especially along the basement-cover interface. is due to local remobilisation of the basement at the time of Proterozoic orogeny.
Titanium-Rich Phlogopites from the Zangamarajupalle Kimberlitic Rock, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Chalapathi Rao N. V. , Madhavan V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Electron probe studies on the phlogopites from the Zangamarajupalle kimberlitic rock (14°76'7" : 78°88'3" E) in the Proterozoic Cuddapah basin, Andhra Pradesh, reveal their titanium rich (6 wt%) nature - a character typical of lamproite micas. The compositions and their systematic variation in the phlogopite micas of the Zangamarajupalle-kimberlitic rock are compared and contrasted with those of other kimberlitic and lamproitic rocks including pipe-2 Wajrakarur, pipeS (Muligiripalle) and Maddur (Mahbubnagar) - all of which have an ambiguous identity. The utility of phlogopite compositions in discriminating between kimberlites and lamproites is emphasised and an attempt is made to classify the studied rock types accordingly and the implications are discussed.