bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning characteristics of low-frequency EEG to positions and velocities in visuomotor and oculomotor tracking tasks
Authors: Kobler Reinmar J. , Sburlea Andreea I. , Müller-Putz Gernot R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMovement decoders exploit the tuning of neural activity to various movement parameters with the ultimate goal of controlling end-effector action. Invasive approaches, typically relying on spiking activity, have demonstrated feasibility. Results of recent functional neuroimaging studies suggest that information about movement parameters is even accessible non-invasively in the form of low-frequency brain signals. However, their spatiotemporal tuning characteristics to single movement parameters are still unclear. Here, we extend the current understanding of low-frequency electroencephalography (EEG) tuning to position and velocity signals. We recorded EEG from 15 healthy participants while they performed visuomotor and oculomotor pursuit tracking tasks. Linear decoders, fitted to EEG signals in the frequency range of the tracking movements, predicted positions and velocities with moderate correlations (0.2–0.4; above chance level) in both tasks. Predictive activity in terms of decoder patterns was significant in superior parietal and parieto-occipital areas in both tasks. By contrasting the two tracking tasks, we found that predictive activity in contralateral primary sensorimotor and premotor areas exhibited significantly larger tuning to end-effector velocity when the visuomotor tracking task was performed.
Automated noninvasive detection of idiopathic scoliosis in children and adolescents: A principle validation study
Authors: Sudo Hideki , Kokabu Terufumi , Abe Yuichiro , Iwata Akira , Yamada Katsuhisa , Ito Yoichi M. , Iwasaki Norimasa , Kanai Satoshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIdiopathic scoliosis is the most common pediatric musculoskeletal disorder that causes a three-dimensional deformity of the spine. Early detection of this progressive aliment is essential. The aim of this study is to determine outcomes using a newly developed automated asymmetry-evaluation system for the surface of the human back using a three-dimensional depth sensor. Seventy-six human subjects suspected to have idiopathic scoliosis were included in this study. Outcome measures include patient demographics, radiographic measurements, and asymmetry indexes defined in the automated asymmetry-recognition system. The mean time from scanning to analysis was 1.5 seconds. For predicting idiopathic scoliosis of greater than 25°, the area under the curve was 0.96, sensitivity was 0.97, and specificity was 0.88. The coefficient of variation for repeatability analyses using phantom models was 1–4%. The intraclass correlation coefficient obtained for intra-observer repeatability for human subjects was 0.995. The system three-dimensionally scans multiple points on the back, enabling an automated evaluation of the back’s asymmetry in a few seconds. This study demonstrated discriminative ability in determining whether an examinee requires an additional x-ray to confirm diagnosis.
LDH-A promotes malignant behavior via activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hou Xiao-ming , Yuan Shu-qiao , Zhao Da , Liu Xiao-jun , Wu Xin-an 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) is a key enzyme during glycolysis, which increases the synthesis of related proteins and has elevated activity in cancer cells. The role of LDH-A in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression was investigated in the present study. Expression levels of LDH-A were assessed in LUAD samples, and the relationship between LDH-A expression status and the prognosis of LUAD patients was confirmed. The effect of LDH-A on proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation of cancer cells was assessed. We further determined the role of LDH-A in tumor growth in vivo by using xenograft LUAD tumor models. The potential mechanism of LDH-A promotion in LUAD progression was explored. LDH-A showed an abnormally high expression in LUAD, which is closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with LUAD. In in vitro experiments, silencing LDH-A expression in LUAD cells could effectively inhibit proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation of cancer cells. In in vivo experiments, tumor growth was markedly inhibited by LDH-A silencing in a xenograft model of LUAD. Notably, LDH-A could also promote tumor progression by regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related molecules. LDH-A can promote the malignant biological behaviors of LUAD cells, and thus can be a potential target for LUAD treatment.
Herzklappenerkrankungen – Update ESC-Leitlinie 2017
Authors: Ince Hüseyn , Zeus Tobias 
Published: December 2018

Was ist neu?
Aortenklappenstenose mit intermediärem OP-Risiko Die Therapie der Aortenklappenstenose (AS) erfolgt aktuell nicht mehr ausschließlich chirurgisch, sondern zunehmend interventionell durch die kathetergestützte Aortenklappenimplantation (Transkatheter-Aortenklappenimplantation, TAVI). Erstmalig werden in der Leitlinie die Daten randomisierter Studien zu Patienten mit intermediärem OP-Risiko berücksichtigt. Hier ist die TAVI gleichwertig zum chirurgischen Klappenersatz zu bewerten.
Therapie der Mitralklappeninsuffizienz Die Mitralklappeninsuffizienz (MI) ist ein komplexes Vitium mit guten OP-Resultaten bei primärer Genese und mäßigen Ergebnissen bei sekundärer Genese. Die sekundäre MI beruht in der Regel auf einer zugrundeliegenden linksventrikulären Erkrankung mit Dilatation der Anatomie. Die interventionelle Therapie durch das edge-to-edge-Verfahren (Mitraclip) stellt eine Alternative bei Patienten mit hohem Operationsrisiko dar.
Komorbiditäten Die Empfehlungen zur Behandlung einer begleitenden koronaren Herzerkrankung (KHK) bei Herzklappenfehlern wurden durch aktuelle Daten angepasst. Grundsätzlich gilt, dass eine proximale Stenose ≥ 70 % entweder durch einen Bypass bei chirurgischem Vorgehen oder durch eine perkutane koronare Intervention (PCI) bei interventionellem Vorgehen versorgt werden soll.
Herzteam und Herzklappenzentren Durch das erweiterte interventionelle und chirurgische Therapiespektrum bei allen vier Klappen rückt das Herzteam in den Mittelpunkt. Eine gemeinsame Sichtung der Befunde und der Patienten soll durch Kardiologen und Kardiochirurgen erfolgen. Weitere Fachdisziplinen sind bei Bedarf hinzuzuziehen. Die Behandlungseinheiten sollen klar vorgegebene Strukturvoraussetzungen erfüllen, um qualitativ hochwertige Ergebnisse zu erzielen.
Depressionsbehandlung aus Betroffenensicht – Eine qualitative Analyse der subjektiven Behandlungsvorstellungen über Psychotherapie und hausärztliche Versorgung von Menschen mit Depressionen
Authors: Magaard Julia Luise , Seeralan Tharanya , De Anjuli , Schulz Holger , Brütt Anna Levke 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Identifikation subjektiver Vorstellungen von Betroffenen über Psychotherapie und hausärztliche Versorgung von depressiven Störungen.
Methodik 21 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Betroffenen, ausgewertet anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring.
Ergebnisse Ergebnis- und Prozesserwartungen sowie Vorstellungen über strukturelle Aspekte und Auswirkungen wurden identifiziert.
Schlussfolgerung Befürchtungen über unerwünschte Ergebnisse, hausärztliche Kompetenz, mangelnde Kapazitäten sowie Unklarheiten über Psychotherapie sollten adressiert werden.
Cu(III)-Mediated Aerobic Oxidations
Authors: Lumb Jean-Philip , Esguerra Kenneth 
Published: December 2018

CuIII species have been invoked in many copper-catalyzed transformations including cross-coupling reactions and oxidation reactions. In this review, we will discuss seminal discoveries that have advanced our understanding of the CuI/CuIII redox cycle in the context of C–C and C–heteroatom aerobic cross-coupling reactions, as well as C–H oxidation reactions mediated by CuIII–dioxygen adducts.1	General Introduction2	Early Examples of CuIII Complexes3	Aerobic CuIII-Mediated Carbon–Heteroatom Bond-Forming Reactions4	Aerobic CuIII-Mediated Carbon–Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions5	Bioinorganic Studies of CuIII Complexes from CuI and O2
5.1	O2 Activation5.2	Biomimetic CuIII Complexes from CuI and Dioxygen5.2.1	Type-3 Copper Enzymes and Dinuclear Cu Model Complexes5.2.2	Particulate Methane Monooxygenase and Di- and Trinuclear Cu Model Complexes5.2.3	Dopamine–β-Monooxygenase and Mononuclear Cu Model Complexes6	Conclusion
Recent Advances in Enantioselective C–C Bond Formation via Organocobalt Species
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko 
Published: December 2018

This Short Review describes recent developments in cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective C–C bond-forming reactions. The article focuses on reactions that most likely involve chiral organocobalt species as crucial catalytic intermediates and their mechanistic aspects.1	Introduction2	Hydrovinylation3	C–H Functionalization4	Cycloaddition and Cyclization5	Addition of Carbon Nucleophiles6	Cross-Coupling7	Conclusion
Bony Tunnel Formation Associated with the Distal Segment of the Frontal Branch of the Middle Meningeal Artery
Authors: de Campos Deivis , da Silveira Caroline Haubert , Jotz Geraldo Pereira , Malysz Tais 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe knowledge of certain anatomical variations is fundamental and any surgeon who operates without that knowledge may encounter difficulty during surgery. In this context, there is the middle meningeal artery (MMA) which also engenders considerable clinical interest due to its location. The MMA is predominantly periosteal, irrigating the bone and dura mater. It enters the floor of the middle cranial fossa through the foramen spinosum, travels laterally through a middle fossa bony ridge, and curves anteriorly over the upper-greater wing of the sphenoid where it divides into parietal and frontal branches at a variable point. Occasionally, the distal segment of the frontal branch may pass through a bony tunnel of variable size. To the best of our knowledge, there is no evidence in the current literature on the incidence of this rare bony tunnel. Therefore, we decided to investigate the incidence of this bony tunnel in 85 dry skulls of adults (both genders) belonging to the didactic collection of the Human Anatomy Laboratory of the Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil. All the skulls were examined bilaterally for the presence or absence of the bony tunnel associated with the distal segment of the frontal branch of the MMA. Of the 85 skulls analyzed, the bony tunnel was present on the right side in 1.18% and on the left side in 5.88% (p = 0.045). Thus, in the studied sample, there was a significant tendency for this bony tunnel to be formed on the left side.
Article Commentary: Telephone-Based Opioid Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution (OEND) Pharmacy Consult Clinic
Authors: Szydlowski Eric M. , Caruana Stephen S. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives To implement a telephone-based pharmacy driven clinic and increase access to opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) in an effort to reduce opioid mortality across the catchment area of one Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center. The project intended to assess the feasibility of telephone-based OEND, which has not been reported in the literature. Setting The VA is America's largest integrated healthcare system. The Aleda E. Lutz VA Medical Center located in Saginaw, Michigan (Saginaw VAMC) serves veterans throughout Northern Michigan. Pharmacist at the VA serve veterans’ healthcare needs in a variety of roles, from traditional medication dispensing to functioning as prescribers of evidence-based medicine. The VA is among the first large health systems to adopt and implement OEND. Practice Innovation Public health organizations recommend increasing access to naloxone as a key strategy to address the opioid overdose epidemic. Providing lay-persons with naloxone kits is a new concept for patients with long-term opioid therapy. There are no practice models published regarding pharmacy driven telephone-based OEND programs in any setting. A telephone-based OEND consult clinic was created to improve OEND access. Evaluation The success of the Clinic was measured by the number of Clinic consults, and a comparison of local naloxone distribution numbers pre- and post-implementation. Result The Clinic received 326 consults and 232 were completed January through March of 2017. In calendar-year 2016, 14 naloxone kits were distributed each month on average, whereas 77 naloxone kits on average were released in the first three months of 2017. Conclusion Using a combination of printed material and telephone discussion with a pharmacist, the Clinic greatly increased naloxone access in the catchment area. No statistical tests or analysis were performed, however, the clinic dramatically increased the raw number of patients with access to OEND.
Crystal structure analysis and enzymatic characterization of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase from Pseudomonas nitroreducens
Authors: Hibi Takao , Imaoka Masashi , Shimizu Yoichiro , Itoh Takafumi , Wakayama Mamoru 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
Theanine (γ-glutamylethylamide) is an amino acid analog that reduces blood pressure and improves immune responses. The ϒ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) from Pseudomonas nitroreducens IFO12694 (PnGGT) has a unique preference for primary amines as ϒ-glutamyl acceptors over standard L-amino acids and peptides. This characteristic is useful for the synthesis of theanine. We used X-ray crystallographic analysis to understand the structural basis of PnGGT’s hydrolysis and transpeptidation reactions and to characterize its previously unidentified acceptor site. Structural studies of PnGGT have shown that key interactions between three residues (Trp385, Phe417, and Trp525) distinguish PnGGT from other GGTs. We studied the roles of these residues in the distinct biochemical properties of PnGGT using site-directed mutagenesis. All mutants showed a significant decrease in hydrolysis activity and an increase in transpeptidase activity, suggesting that the aromatic side chains of Trp385, Phe417, and Trp525 were involved in the recognition of acceptor substrates.
Abbreviations: ϒ-glutamyl peptide, theanine, X-ray crystallography.
A critical review of policies and legislation protecting Tanzanian wetlands
Authors: Materu Silvia Francis , Urban Brigitte , Heise Susanne 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
: The benefit of wetlands for reducing poverty depends on the effectiveness of governance systems that influence peoples’ behaviour in the wise use of wetlands.
Objectives
: This article critically analyses the current poverty reduction strategies, agrarian policies and economic investments governing wetland usage, especially in Tanzania, with regard to their impact on sustainable Ramsar wetlands management.
Methodology
: It analyses the management structure, domestic policies and legal framework relating to the protection of wetlands in Tanzania in accordance to the wise use concept of the Ramsar Convention.
Outco
mes
: Tanzanian legal provisions for wetland protection are uncoordinated and too limited in their coverage and scope to sufficiently address the destruction of wetland ecosystems. There is no comprehensive national legal framework to guide sustainable management of Ramsar wetlands in Tanzania as laid out by the Ramsar Convention, which the country ratified in the year 2000.
Conclusion
: Without a sound legislative and policy-making framework, Tanzanian wetlands and their diverse ecosystem services will continue to degenerate with current strategies of increasing agribusiness and other developmental projects or economic investments. This paper provides critical baseline information to inform decision makers to develop appropriate policy and laws, which promote the wise use of wetlands in Tanzania.
Response of xerophytic plants to glacial cycles in southern South America
Authors: Ossa Carmen G , Montenegro Paz , Larridon Isabel , Pérez Fernanda 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimQuaternary glaciations strongly affected the distribution of species from arid and semi-arid environments, as temperature drops were accompanied by strong fluctuations in rainfall. In this study, we examined the response of xerophytic species to glacial cycles, determining the genetic patterns and climatic niche of Echinopsis chiloensis var. chiloensis, an endemic columnar cactus of arid and semi-arid regions of Chile.MethodsWe analysed 11 polymorphic microsatellites for 130 individuals from 13 populations distributed across the entire distribution of the species. We examined genetic diversity and structure, identified possible patterns of isolation by distance (IBD) and tested two competing population history scenarios using Approximate Bayesian Computation. The first scenario assumes a constant population size while the second includes a bottleneck in the southern population. The latter scenario assumed that the southernmost populations experienced a strong contraction during glaciation, followed by a postglacial expansion; by contrast, the area of the northernmost populations remained as a stable refugium. We also used ecological niche modelling (ENM) to evaluate the location and extension of suitable areas during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the mid-Holocene.Key ResultsWe found a decline in genetic diversity towards high latitudes and a significant IBD pattern that together with ENM predictions suggest that E. chiloensis var. chiloensis experienced range contraction northwards during wet–cold conditions of the LGM, followed by expansion during aridification of the mid-Holocene. In addition to IBD, we detected the presence of a strong barrier to gene flow at 32°30′S, which according to coalescence analysis occurred 44 kyr BP. The resulting genetic clusters differed in realized climatic niche, particularly in the variables related to precipitation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the cactus E. chiloensis var. chiloensis experienced range contraction and fragmentation during the wet–cold conditions of the LGM, which may have facilitated ecological differentiation between northern and southern populations, promoting incipient speciation.
Drug Targetor: a web interface to investigate the human druggome for over 500 phenotypes
Authors: Gaspar Héléna A , Hübel Christopher , Breen Gerome 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Summary
Results from hundreds of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are now freely available and offer a catalogue of the association between phenotypes across medicine with variants in the genome. With the aim of using this data to better understand therapeutic mechanisms, we have developed Drug Targetor, a web interface that allows the generation and exploration of drug–target networks of hundreds of phenotypes using GWAS data. Drug Targetor networks consist of drug and target nodes ordered by genetic association and connected by drug–target or drug–gene relationship. We show that Drug Targetor can help prioritize drugs, targets and drug–target interactions for a specific phenotype based on genetic evidence.

Availability and implementation
Drug Targetor v1.21 is a web application freely available online at drugtargetor.com and under MIT licence. The source code can be found at https://github.com/hagax8/drugtargetor.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Epidemiology of Bloodstream Infections in Hospitalized Children in the United States, 2009–2016
Authors: Spaulding Alicen B , Watson David , Dreyfus Jill , Heaton Phillip , Grapentine Steven , Bendel-Stenzel Ellen , Kharbanda Anupam B 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality in children. Recent pediatric epidemiological data may inform prevention strategies and empiric antimicrobial therapy selection.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2009 through 2016 utilizing demographic and microbiologic data on inpatients aged <19 years using the Premier Healthcare Database. BSIs were positive blood cultures without known contaminants. Hospitalization rate was the number of BSI-positive encounters per 1000 admissions. Community-acquired infections (CAIs) were cultures positive ≤2 days of admission among nonneonates. BSI patients were compared to documented positive BSI patients (non-BSI); differences were analyzed using χ2 test, t test, and Cochran-Armitage test for time trends.

Results
Among 1 809 751 encounters from 162 US hospitals, 5340 (0.30%) were BSI positive; CAIs were most common (50%). BSI patients were more often aged 1–5 years and had complex chronic conditions or central lines compared to non-BSI patients. The BSI hospitalization rate declined nonsignificantly over time (3.13 in 2009 to 2.98 in 2016, P = .08). Among pathogens, Escherichia coli (0.80 to 1.26), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (0.83 to 1.98), and group A Streptococcus (0.16 to 0.37) significantly increased for nonneonates, while Streptococcus pneumoniae (1.07 to 0.26) and Enterococcus spp. (0.60 to 0.17) declined. Regional differences were greatest for E. coli and highest in the New England and South Atlantic regions.

Conclusions
Trends in pediatric BSI hospitalization rates varied by pathogen and regionally. Overall the BSI hospitalization rate did not significantly decline, indicating a continued need to improve pediatric BSI assessment and prevention.
Place of death and associated factors: a population-based study using death certificate data
Authors: Cabañero-Martínez María José , Nolasco Andreu , Melchor Inmaculada , Fernández-Alcántara Manuel , Cabrero-García Julio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough studies suggest that most people prefer to die at home, not enough is known about place of death patterns by cause of death considering sociodemographic factors. The objective of this study was to determine the place of death in the population and to analyze the sociodemographic variables and causes of death associated with home as the place of death.MethodsCross-sectional population-based study. All death certificate data on the residents in Spain aged 15 or over who died in Spain between 2012 and 2015 were included. We employed multinomial logistic regression to explore the relation between place of death, sociodemographic variables and cause of death classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, and to conditions needing palliative care.ResultsOver half of all deaths occurred in hospital (57.4%), representing double the frequency of deaths that occurred at home. All the sociodemographic variables (sex, educational level, urbanization level, marital status, age and country of birth) were associated with place of death, although age presented the strongest association. Cause of death was the main predictor with heart disease, neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia and senility accounting for the highest percentages of home deaths.ConclusionsMost people die in hospital. Cause of death presented a stronger association with place of death than sociodemographic variables; of these latter, age, urbanization level and marital status were the main predictors. These results will prove useful in planning end-of-life care that is more closely tailored to people’s circumstances and needs.