bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum potassium level on hospital arrival and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: The CRITICAL study in Osaka, Japan
Authors: Shida Haruka , Matsuyama Tasuku , Iwami Taku , Okabayashi Satoe , Yamada Tomoki , Hayakawa Koichi , Yoshiya Kazuhisa , Irisawa Taro , Noguchi Kazuo , Nishimura Tetsuro , Uejima Toshifumi , Yagi Yoshiki , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Kishimoto Masafumi , Matsuura Makoto , Hayashi Yasuyuki , Sogabe Taku , Morooka Takaya , Sado Junya , Kishimori Takefumi , Kiyohara Kosuke , Shimazu Takeshi , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Kawamura Takashi 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Little is known about the association between serum potassium level on hospital arrival and neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We investigated whether the serum potassium level on hospital arrival had prognostic indications for patients with OHCA.

Methods:
This prospective, multicenter observational study conducted in Osaka, Japan (CRITICAL study) enrolled consecutive patients with OHCA transported to 14 participating institutions from 2012 to 2016. We included adult patients aged ⩾18 years with OHCA of cardiac origin who achieved return of spontaneous circulation and whose serum potassium level on hospital arrival was available. Based on the serum potassium level, patients were divided into four quartiles: Q1 (K ⩽3.8 mEq/L), Q2 (3.8&lt; K⩽4.5 mEq/L), Q3 (4.5&lt; K⩽5.6 mEq/L) and Q4 (K &gt;5.6 mEq/L). The primary outcome was one-month survival with favorable neurological outcome, defined as cerebral performance category scale 1 or 2.

Results:
A total of 9822 patients were registered, and 1516 of these were eligible for analyses. The highest proportion of favorable neurological outcome was 44.8% (189/422) in Q1 group, followed by 30.3% (103/340), 11.7% (44/375) and 4.5% (17/379) in the Q2, Q3 and Q4 groups, respectively (p&lt;0.001). In the multivariable analysis, the proportion of favorable neurological outcome decreased as the serum potassium level increased (p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions:
High serum potassium level was significantly and dose-dependently associated with poor neurological outcome. Serum potassium on hospital arrival would be one of the effective prognostic indications for OHCA achieving return of spontaneous circulation.
Spinal fractures in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: Advantages of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation
Authors: Okada Eijiro , Shiono Yuta , Nishida Mitsuhiro , Mima Yuichiro , Funao Haruki , Shimizu Kentaro , Kato Masanori , Fukuda Kentaro , Fujita Nobuyuki , Yagi Mitsuru , Nagoshi Narihito , Tsuji Osahiko , Ishii Ken , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Watanabe Kota 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: To validate the effectiveness of percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) fixation for spinal fractures associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) by comparing surgical outcomes for PPS fixation and conventional open posterior fixation. Patients with DISH are vulnerable to unstable spinal fractures caused by trivial trauma, and these fractures have high rates of delayed paralysis, postoperative complications, and mortality. Methods: This retrospective study assessed surgical outcomes for 16 patients with DISH (12 men; mean age 76.1 ± 9.4 years) who underwent PPS fixation for spinal fractures (pedicle screw (PS) group), and for a control group of 25 patients with DISH (18 men; mean age 77.9 ± 9.9 years) who underwent conventional open fixation (O group) at our affiliated hospitals from 2007 to 2017. We evaluated the preoperative physical condition (American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification), neurological status (Frankel grade), and improvement after surgery, fusion length, operating time, estimated blood loss, and perioperative complications. Results: Preoperatively, the PS group consisted of one ASA-1 patient, eight ASA-2 patients, six ASA-3 patients, and one ASA-4 patient; by Frankel grade, there were 2 grade B patients, 13 grade C, 4 grade D, and 6 grade E patients. The O group had 2 ASA-1 patients, 13 ASA-2, 9 ASA-3, and 1 ASA-4 patients. Frankel grades in the O group reflected severe neurological deficits, with 3 grade C patients, 2 grade D, and 11 grade E ( p = 0.032) patients. The two groups had similar rates of neurological improvement (33.3% of PS and 40.0% of O patients; p = 0.410) and mean fusion length (PS 5.1 ± 0.8 segments; O 4.9 ± 1.2). The mean operating time and estimated blood loss were 168.1 ± 46.7 min and 133.9 ± 116.5 g, respectively, in the PS group, and 224.6 ± 49.8 min and 499.9 ± 368.5 g in the O group. Three O-group patients died of hypovolemic shock, respiratory failure, and pneumonia, respectively, within a year of surgery. Conclusion: Conventional open posterior fixation and PPS fixation for DISH-related spinal fractures were similar in fusion length and neurological improvement. However, PPS fixation was less invasive and had lower complication rates.
Clinicopathologic and genetic characterization of nonacute NPM1-mutated myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Patel Sanjay S. , Ho Caleb , Ptashkin Ryan N. , Sadigh Sam , Bagg Adam , Geyer Julia T. , Xu Mina L. , Prebet Thomas , Mason Emily F. , Seegmiller Adam C. , Morgan Elizabeth A. , Steensma David P. , Winer Eric S. , Wong Waihay J. , Hasserjian Robert P. , Weinberg Olga K. 
Published: May 2019

Key Points
Nonacute NPM1-mutated myeloid neoplasms are biologically distinct from nonacute NPM1 wild-type myeloid neoplasms. Nonacute NPM1-mutated myeloid neoplasms are associated with poorer survival compared with NPM1-mutated AML and NPM1-WT myeloid neoplasms.
Ketamine Infusions for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Orhurhu Vwaire , Orhurhu Mariam Salisu , Bhatia Anuj , Cohen Steven P. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:
IV ketamine is widely used to treat patients with chronic pain, yet the long-term impact remains uncertain. We synthesized evidence from randomized control trials to investigate the effectiveness of IV ketamine infusions for pain relief in chronic conditions and to determine whether any pain classifications or treatment regimens are associated with greater benefit.

METHODS:
We searched Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar, as well as the clinicaltrials.gov website from inception through December 16, 2017 for randomized control trials comparing IV ketamine to placebo infusions for chronic pain that reported outcomes for ≥48 hours after the intervention. Three authors independently screened the studies, pooled the data, and appraised risk of bias. Random-effects model was used to calculate weighted mean differences for pain scores and secondary outcomes. Our primary outcome was the lowest recorded pain score ≥48 hours after cessation of treatment. Secondary outcomes included responder rate and adverse effects.

RESULTS:
Among 696 studies assessed for eligibility, 7 met inclusion criteria. All studies except one were at high risk of bias. These studies randomly assigned 211 patients with neuropathic (n = 2), mixed (n = 2), and nonneuropathic (nociplastic or nociceptive) (n = 3) pain. Three studies reported significant analgesic benefit favoring ketamine, with the meta-analysis revealing a small effect up to 2 weeks after the infusion (mean difference in pain scores, −1.83 points on a 0–10 numerical rating scale; 95% CI, −2.35 to −1.31 points; P < .0001). In the 3 studies that reported responder rates, the proportion with a positive outcome was greater in the ketamine than in the placebo group (51.3% vs 19.4%; relative risk, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.10–5.40; P = .029; I
2 = 0.0%). No differences were noted based on pain classification or condition. Compared to low-dose ketamine studies and investigations that evaluated non–complex regional pain syndrome conditions, a small but nonsignificant greater reduction in pain scores was found among studies that either utilized high-dose ketamine therapy (P = .213) or enrolled complex regional pain syndrome patients (P = .079).

CONCLUSIONS:
Evidence suggests that IV ketamine provides significant short-term analgesic benefit in patients with refractory chronic pain, with some evidence of a dose–response relationship. Larger, multicenter studies with longer follow-ups are needed to better select patients and determine the optimal treatment protocol.
The Physiological Roles of Carnosine and β-Alanine in Exercising Human Skeletal Muscle
Authors: MATTHEWS JOSEPH J. , ARTIOLI GUILHERME G. , TURNER MARK D. , SALE CRAIG 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) plays an important role in exercise performance and skeletal muscle homeostasis. Dietary supplementation with the rate-limiting precursor β-alanine leads to an increase in skeletal muscle carnosine content, which further potentiates its effects. There is significant interest in carnosine and β-alanine across athletic and clinical populations. Traditionally, attention has been given to performance outcomes with less focus on the underlying mechanism(s). Putative physiological roles in human skeletal muscle include acting as an intracellular pH buffer, modulating energy metabolism, regulating Ca2+ handling and myofilament sensitivity, and scavenging of reactive species. Emerging evidence shows that carnosine could also act as a cytoplasmic Ca2+–H+ exchanger and form stable conjugates with exercise-induced reactive aldehydes. The enigmatic nature of carnosine means there is still much to learn regarding its actions and applications in exercise, health, and disease. In this review, we examine the research relating to each physiological role attributed to carnosine, and its precursor β-alanine, in exercising human skeletal muscle.
Stress and associated risk factors among the elderly: a cross-sectional study from rural Thailand
Authors: Seangpraw Katekaew , Auttama Nisarat , Kumar Ramesh , Somrongthong Ratana , Tonchoy Prakasit , Panta Pitakpong 
Published: May 2019

Background. Stress is a common mental health problem of the elderly population that affects their quality of life. The objective of this study was to determine the level of stress and associated factors among the elderly living in rural areas of Thailand. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in two sub-districts of rural Thailand and interviewed 403 elderly persons. We used simple random sampling technique from a list of registered elderly individuals and conducted face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire. The questionnaire were piloted, validated and pretested beforehand. Multiple linear regression was applied for data analysis. This study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the University of Phayao, Thailand. Results. The mean age of the participants was 68 and two thirds (67%) were female. Less than 43% of the participants had moderate, and one third (34%) had high levels of stress. More than half of participants had low level stress management. Stress was significantly associated with alcohol and illness with a predictive power of 3.0% [(R = 0.173, R Square = 0.030) (p<0.05)]. Conclusion. We conclude that risk factors such as alcohol and illness affect elderly population living in rural areas of Thailand to a major extent in terms of stress.
Total Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Flares in Pregnant North American Women With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Results From a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Bzowej Natalie H. , Tran Tram T. , Li Ruosha , Belle Steven H. , Smith Coleman I. , Khalili Mandana , Chung Ray , Tsai Naoky , Terrault Norah ,   for the Hepatitis B Research Network (HBRN)
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Alterations in the immune system can result in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flares either during pregnancy or after delivery in women with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess changes in serum biochemical and virological markers of HBV infection during and after pregnancy in a large North American cohort of pregnant women with chronic HBV.

METHODS:
Adult pregnant women enrolled in the Hepatitis B Research Network between 2011 and 2016 were included. Serum ALT values and HBV DNA viral levels were obtained at <28 weeks and >28 weeks of gestation and <16 weeks, 16–31 weeks, and 32–48 weeks postpartum. Outcomes of ALT flares included severity, duration, and initiation of antiviral therapy.

RESULTS:
Among the 158 pregnant women with chronic HBV, the median age was 33 years, 73% were Asian, and 63% were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative. The median HBV DNA level was substantially higher in the HBeAg-positive vs HBeAg-negative women (1.3 × 108 vs 343 IU/mL), but serum ALT levels at their first study visit were similar. Among untreated pregnant women, there was a very mild increase in serum ALT postpartum among both HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative women (P < 0.001). Serum ALT flares (range 107–513 U/L) developed in 3.4% (5/149) during pregnancy and in 4.3% (4/92) after delivery. Twenty-two percent were initiated on antiviral therapy. After withdrawal of prophylactic anti-HBV therapy, 17.2% (5/29) developed serum ALT flares (range 107–208 U/L) within 14 weeks of drug discontinuation, and 3 additional women had flares despite continuous anti-HBV therapy during pregnancy or postpartum. Many ALT flares were not associated with significant changes in HBV DNA levels. No flares were severe with elevations of bilirubin or clinical decompensation.

DISCUSSION:
Spontaneous ALT flares in untreated pregnant women with chronic HBV are infrequent, mild, and self-limited both prepartum and postpartum. Although flares after the withdrawal of antiviral therapy postpartum are more common, they were also mild and self-limited. Further studies of the immunopathogenesis of pregnancy-related flares are needed, as well as effects on long-term outcome of the mother and infant.
Serum Soluble Receptor for AGE (sRAGE) Levels Are Associated With Unhealthy Lifestyle and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Ivancovsky-Wajcman Dana , Zelber-Sagi Shira , Fliss Isakov Naomi , Webb Muriel , Zemel Meir , Shibolet Oren , Kariv Revital 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been demonstrated to be positively associated with serum advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and negatively with soluble receptor for AGE (sRAGE) in a few small studies. We aimed to test the association between lifestyle and sRAGE levels and the association between sRAGE levels or AGEs intake and NAFLD, insulin resistance (IR), and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

METHODS:
Cross-sectional analysis among participants of a screening study. Fasting blood tests and serum sRAGE levels were obtained. NAFLD and insulin resistance were evaluated by ultrasonography and homeostasis model assessment, respectively. Nutritional intake was measured by food frequency questionnaire, and the intake of dietary AGEs was calculated.

RESULTS:
A total of 743 subjects were included (52.6% men, mean age 58.83 ± 6.58 years, 38.7% NAFLD). Exercise was independently protective from low sRAGE levels (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.52–0.97, P = 0.031). Pack-years, working time, and sedentary time (OR = 1.51, 1.03–2.22, P = 0.036; OR = 1.66, 1.18–2.35, P = 0.004; OR = 1.64, 1.18–2.29, P = 0.004, respectively), and intake of red and/or processed meat or processed meat alone (OR = 1.01, 1.04–2.21, P = 0.045; OR = 1.49, 1.00–2.21, P = 0.048, respectively) were associated with increased odds for low sRAGE levels. Low sRAGE levels were independently associated with elevated ALT (OR = 1.69, 1.11–2.57, P = 0.014) and NAFLD with elevated ALT (OR = 2.17, 1.23–3.83, P = 0.007). High intake of dietary AGEs was associated with IR (OR = 2.04, 1.25–3.34 P = 0.004).

DISCUSSION:
Lifestyle is associated with sRAGE levels and, in turn, low levels of sRAGE are associated with NAFLD and elevated ALT.
Preparación de emulsiones asfálticas en laboratorio
Authors: Ulloa Calderón Andrea 
Published: May 2019

Costa Rica, desde hace mucho tiempo, ha hecho uso de emulsiones asfálticas para diferentes aplicaciones, sin embargo, su preparación y algunos cuidados para su almacenamiento han sido desconocidos por muchos que cotidianamente las utilizan. Por lo cual, en este artículo se detallan los procedimientos para la preparación de los diferentes tipos de emulsiones asfálticas a nivel de laboratorio, así como algunas recomendaciones de manipulación durante y posterior al proceso de fabricación, de manera que se puedan obtener los resultados esperados de acuerdo con la aplicación específica para la cual se confeccionó cada una de esas emulsiones
ALMORZANDO EN UN BANCO EN SANTIAGO DE CHILE: ANÁLISIS DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN Y REGULACIÓN SOCIAL DE LA COMENSALIDAD INSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Concha González Benjamín , Alfaro Figueroa Juan , Giacoman Hernández Claudia 
Published: May 2019

Este artículo explora las prácticas de comensalidad de los empleados que almuerzan en un banco en Santiago de Chile, con el fin de comprender y caracterizar la forma en que se desarrolla la comida compartida en contextos laborales. El trabajo de campo se realizó principalmente durante el mes de julio de 2015 e incluyó observaciones y entrevistas informales. Los resultados evidencian que las prácticas de comensalidad institucional estánfuertemente normadas y modeladas por el contexto organizacional.
A kiégésszindróma vizsgálata a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Sebészeti Klinikájának dolgozói körében és összehasonlítása a Sürgősségi Betegellátó Önálló Osztályon kapott eredményekkel
Authors: Stankovic Mona , Töreki Annamária , Lázár György , Pető Zoltán 
Published: May 2019

Abstract: Introduction: Examination of the burnout syndrome in various healthcare fields has paramount importance for a better understanding of the disorder as well as for the establishment of a suitable preventive and intervention program. The surgical departments’ employees are at risk among healthcare workers, so it is our objective to further expand the knowledge on the characteristics of the burnout syndrome among the Hungarian surgical staff. Additionally, we compare the results obtained from the Department of Surgery at the University of Szeged with the results of the Department of Emergency Medicine. Aim: Aim of this study is to examine the burnout syndrome and its associations with different variables among the workers of the Department of Surgery at the University of Szeged, and to compare the data with a previous study conducted at the Department of Emergency Medicine at the University of Szeged. Method: Cross-sectional design utilizing a self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data from the staff. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, while psychological immune competence was measured using the Psychological Immune Competence Questionnaire. Results: Based on statistical analysis, the number of weekly working hours and the number of somatic symptoms have a negative impact on burnout, while the greater number of high-quality social relationships and the stronger psychological immune competence have proven to be protective factors. Comparing the Department of Surgery and Department of Emergency Medicine at the University of Szeged, we found a difference in the age of the workers, the number of years spent in the healthcare as well as the scores on the burnout depersonalization scale. Conclusions: The results obtained show further correlations and reveal protective and risk factors in burnout which can be a key to establishing preventive and intervention strategies. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(20): 784–791.
Rola pierwszej damy w sprawowaniu urzędu prezydenta Ukrainy (1994–2010)
Authors: Krokowska Olga 
Published: May 2019

<p>W artykule przeanalizowano rolę pierwszych dam (Ludmiły Kuczmy oraz Kateryny Juszczenko) w sprawowaniu urzędu prezydenta Ukrainy w latach 1996–2010. Przed rozpoczęciem badań sformułowano pytanie badawcze (czy pierwsze damy mogły wpływać na pozycję prezydenta w systemie politycznym?) oraz hipotezę badawczą (pierwsze damy wywierały znaczący wpływ na pozycję prezydenta w systemie politycznym). Przedział czasowy wybrano ze względu na zachodzące w tym okresie normatywne przekształcenia systemu rządów na Ukrainie z republiki prezydencko-parlamentarnej w parlamentarno-prezydencką. W badaniach posłużono się analizą systemową i komparatystyczną. Przy opracowywaniu artykułu skorzystano ze źródeł książkowych, prasowych i internetowych. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań pozwalają stwierdzić, iż pozycja prezydenta w dużej mierze jest uzależniona od czynników nienormatywnych, w tym od roli pierwszej damy.</p>
Проблема изучения словосложения в славистике: исторический аспект
Authors: Аzarova Larysa 
Published: May 2019

<p>Jednym z celów artykułu jest próba przeglądu informacji historycznych o compositach w słowiańskiej literaturze językoznawczej. Przedstawiono w nim również poglądy na temat specyfiki złożeń w zagranicznej literaturze slawistycznej. W opracowaniu skupiono się na analizie tego typu konstrukcji jako jednym z najbardziej produktywnych sposobów tworzenia słów w językach słowiańskich w aspekcie diachronicznym. Najważniejszymi metodami badawczymi zastosowanymi w niniejszej analizie są: metoda opisu lingwistycznego połączonego z obserwacją i systematyzacją faktów i zjawisk językowych oraz metody statystyczna, porównawcza i złożona. Na podstawie przeprowadzonego badania sformułowano następujące wnioski: 1. Łączenie słów jest jedną z najstarszych metod w słowotwórstwie, znaną od początków rozwoju rosyjskiego języka literackiego.2. Metody i techniki łączenia słów ulegają zmianom: stare modele są ulepszane i udoskonalane, natomiast przestarzałe zanikają, ustępując miejsca nowym. 3. Wśród nowych formacji funkcjonujących we współczesnych językach słowiańskich composita stanowią znaczącą warstwę słownictwa o wyraźnych wzorcach strukturalnych i semantycznych. 4. Spośród różnych metod stosowanych w słowotwórstwie języków słowiańskich szczególne miejsce zajmuje łączenie słów. 5. Badaniem compositów zajmowali się językoznawcy różnych krajów i epok, od starożytnych gramatyków indyjskich po zachodnioeuropejskich i rosyjskich. 6. Łączenie słów stanowi olbrzymi potencjał rozwoju języka narodowego, daje możliwość tworzenia nowych wyrazów, jest środkiem kreacji artystycznej i literackiej, jak również przyczynia się do wzbogacania słownictwa terminologicznego. 7. Tematyka łączenia słów i powstawania compositów stanowi obecnie wieloaspektowy i wielopłaszczyznowy obiekt badań. Zainteresowanie nią wynika z dawności, żywotności oraz rozpowszechnienia tej metody słowotwórczej, a także z jej rosnącej aktywności.</p>
Kategoria nowych ruchów społecznych w ujęciu Manuela Castellsa
Authors: Marczewska-Rytko Maria 
Published: May 2019

<p>Występuje wiele podejść teoretycznych do badania ruchów społecznych. Teoria nowych ruchów społecznych jest jedną z nich. Celem artykułu jest analiza kategorii nowych ruchów społecznych zaprezentowana przez Manuela Castellsa. Przeanalizował on nową formę ruchów społecznych: od arabskiej wiosny do ruchów w takich państwach, jak Islandia, Hiszpania czy USA. Ruchy te różnią się pod wieloma względami, ale wszystkie stworzyły autonomiczną sieć komunikowania się związaną z internetem i komunikacją bezprzewodową. Castells scharakteryzował te ruchy i stworzył ich teoretyczny model w erze internetu.</p>