bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status and trends of the ivory trade in Africa, 1989-1999
Authors: Stiles Daniel , Martin Esmond 
Published: November 2024

Based on the authors' 2000 report "The ivory markets of Africa", this article reviews data collected during surveys and interviews undertaken in 22 cities in 15 African countries 1997-1999. Over 100,000 elephant ivory items for retail sale were observed with the largest number noted in Abidjan (20,114), Harare (19,958) and Cairo (11,627). Except for Egypt, Gabon and Sudan domestic trade is legal. However, most buyers are foreign tourists (mostly French, Spanish and Italian), Chinese and Korean workers and businessmen, French military, United Nations officials and national diplomats. Except for Zimbabwe, the export of ivory commodities is illegal. There is a significant movement of illicit tusks within Africa., particularly from central to west to satisfy local carving industries. Countries with the cheapest tusks include Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Cameroon and Mozambique where relatively large elephant populations and little law enforcement exist. Illegal trade of tusks off the continent exists, mostly to countries in eastern Asia. Since 1988 the price for most retail ivory items has decreased due to decline in demand and devaluation of local currencies. The price of tusks has also sharply declined. The only surveyed city with increased retail sales since 1990 was Lagos, but it seems Abidjan has retails have expansed since the mid-1990's.
Part I. Policies of confusion 1960-1978: Elephant ivory, rhino horn and hippo teeth
Authors: Parker Ian SC , Graham A D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper reviews official policies on ivory and its possession in colonial Uganda and Kenya and in the immediate post-colonial period. Treating it as a currency, the Governments asserted a monopoly over it, only allowing ownership and trade under licence. However, in ignorance of its role within indigenous economies, and unable to monopolise a resource as widespread and mobile as elephants, they compromised. By offering cash rewards both Governments solicited the public to collect tusks on their behalf. This was partially successful, but the rewards were so low that they facilitated illegal trade and were an inducement to kill elephants as well as collect tusks from natural mortality. This, in turn, countered conservation policy to preserve elephants.
Résumé
Cet article passe en revue les politiques officielles sur l'ivoire et sa possession dans l'Ouganda et le Kenya coloniaux et dans la période postcoloniale immédiate. Le traitant comme une monnaie, les gouvernements ont affirmé avoir un monopole sur l’ivoire, ne permettant que la propriété et le commerce sous licence. Cependant, ignorant son rôle au sein des économies autochtones et incapables de monopoliser une ressource aussi répandue et mobile que les éléphants, ils ont fait un compromis. En offrant des récompenses en espèces, les deux gouvernements ont demandé au public de récolter des défenses en leur nom. Cela a été partiellement réussi, mais les récompenses étaient si faibles qu'elles ont facilité le commerce illégal et ont été une incitation à tuer les éléphants ainsi qu'à récolter les défenses dues à la mortalité naturelle. Ceci, à son tour, a contrecarré la politique de conservation pour préserver les éléphants.
African Elephant Specialist Group report/ Rapport du Groupe de Spécialistes de l'Eléphant d’Afrique
Authors: Okita-Ouma Ben , Slotow Rob 
Published: November 2024

Time seems to gallop by faster nowadays! It will be two years in September/October 2020 since the Chair of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN, Jon-Paul Rodriguez appointed us to co-Chair the African Elephant Specialist Group (AfESG/ or here referred to as ‘The Group’). We would like to specially appreciate our membership for the volunteer dedication and commitment in driving the agenda and the mission of our specialist group, which is to “to promote the long-term conservation of Africa's elephants throughout their range”. We indeed enjoy working with you as a team. Well done and keep it up!
In this Issue of Pachyderm we report on new activities and provide an update on some of the activities we reported on in the previous Pachyderm issue 60. The new activities include the 8th AfESG members’ meeting, contribution of the AfESG to the African Elephant Action Plan’s potential review process, strengthening of membership and establishment of task forces and working groups, the AfESG’s participation and contribution at CITES CoP18, and synergies with relevant institutions, among others. The updates are on the African elephant database (AED), Red Listing process and taxonomy. We also comment on the effects of Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic to the conservation of elephants.
Ce Le temps semble filer de plus en plus vite de nos jours! Cela fera deux ans en septembre/octobre 2020 que le président de la Commission de la survie des espèces de l'UICN, Jon-Paul Rodriguez nous a désigné pour co-présider le Groupe de spécialistes de l'éléphant d'Afrique (GSEAf / ou ici dénommé « Le Groupe »). Nous tenons à remercier tout particulièrement nos membres pour leur dévouement et engagement bénévole dans la conduite de l'agenda et de la mission de notre groupe de spécialistes, mission qui est de «promouvoir la conservation à long terme des éléphants d'Afrique dans toute leur aire de répartition». Nous aimons en effet travailler en équipe avec vous. Bravo et continuez comme ça!
Dans ce numéro de Pachyderm, nous rendons compte des nouvelles activités et fournissons une mise à jour sur certaines des activités que nous avons signalées dans la précédente parution de Pachyderm, numéro 60. Les nouvelles activités comprennent la 8e réunion des membres du GSEAf, la contribution du GSEAf au processus de révision potentiel du Pland'Action pour l'Éléphant d'Afrique, le renforcement de la composition et la création de forces opérationnelles et de groupes de travail, la participation et la contribution du GSEAf à la CdP18 de la CITES, et les synergies avec les institutions pertinentes entre autres. Les mises à jour se focalisent sur la base de données sur l'éléphant d'Afrique (BEA), le processus d'inscription sur la Liste rouge et la taxonomie. Nous mentionnons également les effets de la pandémie du coronavirus (Covid-19) sur la conservation des éléphants.
All aboard the 'Elephant Express', a practical solution for human-elephant coexistence
Authors: Songhurst Anna , Baitseng Makata , Lalley Jennifer , Lupton Sarah , Molathegi Maipelo , Mosupi Ohitiseng , Sensinyi Botshelo , Stronza Amanda , Taylor Tracey , McCulloch Graham 
Published: November 2024

One of the most significant challenges for elephant conservation is managing negative interactions that occur where people and elephants use the same space and compete for resources. Human–elephant conflict (HEC) incidents often manifest in direct impacts to humans or elephants. However, some HEC situations result in long-term risk and chronic stress among communities living with elephants. Indirect impacts or opportunity costs, such as people being disadvantaged by the presence of elephants are harder to quantify and are not often addressed. In the eastern Okavango Panhandle, in northern Botswana, 17,500 people share space and resources with 18,000 elephants. Elephants here use distinct, historical corridors on a daily basis, moving from dryland resources to the wetlands of the Okavango Delta. Confrontations with elephants occur most frequently where these elephant corridors cross the main service road in the area, increasing fear among people walking to work, children going to school, parents sending children to school, and the elderly or expectant mothers accessing medical care. This constant fear contributes to chronic stress and can drive negative perceptions towards elephants. A novel intervention has been introduced to help reduce the costs of HEC and foster coexistence, in the Okavango Panhandle area—"The Elephant Express". The bus service was established through a multi-stakeholder collaboration to provide primary school children and medical personnel safe transport across elephant corridors. The complementary bus service have reduced stress from living with elephants, increased attendance and performance in schools, and facilitated improved access to medical care.
Elephants and woodlands - comment by R. du Toit (Co-Editor)
Authors: Du Toit, 
Published: November 2024

Reviews work in elephant and diet, particularly the need for browse, in East Africa by Sikes (1968), McCullagh (1973), and White and Brown (1978), and by Cmelik and Ley (1977) in Zimbabwe. Quotes Lindsay's query (Can we really say all elephants NEED a diet with a substantial browse fraction ..." before mentioning that Richard Bell suggests more knowledge on physiological aspects (of elephants vis a vis diet) would be useful in the debate on elephants and woodlands. See Bell's papers (1973, 1984, 1985)
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO SONO EM ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA COM POSSÍVEL SÍNDROME DO SONO INSUFICIENTE: UM ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL
Authors: Muniz Débora De Moura , Noia Larissa Andrade , Silva Millena Rayssa De Andrade , Silva Guilherme de Souza , Pereira Gustavo Ferraz , Azevedo Filho Luis Henrique Remigio de , Melo Paulo Henrique Alves , Oliveira Renan Ramos de , Rizzardi Rodrigo Arthur Macedo , Caliari Vitoria De Ataide 
Published: November 2024

A sonolência diurna advinda de uma qualidade do sono prejudicada associada a redução das horas de sono, possivelmente devido a Síndrome do Sono Insuficiente (SSI), é um distúrbio de alta prevalência entre estudantes de medicina. As consequências dessa doença pouco estudada são tanto imediatas, com irritabilidade, déficits de concentração e atenção (podendo gerar erros médicos), até a longo prazo com impactos na mortalidade por todas as causas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do sono entre estudantes de medicina de uma universidade pública do Nordeste brasileiro. Ademais, averiguar os conhecimentos sobre a Síndrome do Sono Insuficiente e a frequência do uso de medicamentos controlados para dormir. O estudo é observacional, transversal, de abordagem quali-quantitativa. A amostragem se deu por conveniência entre os estudantes de medicina do Campus Santo Amaro da Universidade de Pernambuco. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário anônimo no Google Forms, composto por 4 sessões: perfil social e demográfico, investigação sobre o conhecimento da síndrome, Índice da qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh adaptado em português e autoavaliação do sono (antes e depois de explicação acerca da síndrome). No tocante aos resultados, 235 respostas, dezessete (7%) foram excluídas devido a referência a doenças do sono ou por resposta em duplicidade averiguada pelo CPF. Temos 172 (78,9%) estudantes com qualidade do sono ruim pelo índice de Pittsburgh, distribuídos em 86%, 85% e 68%, ao longo dos ciclos básico, clínico e internato. Observamos que a qualidade do sono era melhor nos estudantes dos últimos anos do curso (teste do Qui-quadrado, p < 0,01). A mediana de tempo de sono foi de 6 (3-9) horas em dias úteis e de 8 (6-11) horas em fins de semana. Sobre a síndrome do sono insuficiente, 174 (79,8%) alunos não a conheciam, mas 114 (52,3%) acreditaram ter a condição após explicação breve do tema. Trinta e nove (17,8%) alunos fizeram uso de medicamentos controlados para dormir. Portanto, a prevalência de qualidade do sono prejudicada mostrou-se elevada ao longo de todo o curso médico, com quantidade de horas de sono diárias de grande parte do corpo discente abaixo do preconizado. Estudantes e corpo docente devem compreender os efeitos negativos desse padrão para que seja possível a construção de um ambiente acadêmico mais saudável.
O FUTURO DA MOBILIDADE: DESENVOLVIMENTO EM INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL PARA VEÍCULOS AUTÔNOMOS
Authors:   André Luiz da Silva, Firmino Leonardo Colin ,   Fabiana Florian
Published: November 2024

A mobilidade no trânsito urbano vem sofrendo com o aumento excessivo de carros circulando, em especial, nas grandes cidades. Atualmente, já existem carros autônomos, porém, a inteligência artificial está sendo inserida neste setor, para auxiliar em alguns problemas correlacionados aos impactos causados pelo grande fluxo de carros, como os acidentes. A inteligência artificial pode ser vista como o futuro da mobilidade. Com isso, os objetivos deste trabalho se firmam na ideia de associar a inteligência artificial utilizada em veículos autônomos ao futuro da mobilidade, bem como aprofundar o conhecimento acerca da contribuição desta tecnologia nos avanços tecnológicos e sociais, no mundo. Como resultado da pesquisa para realizar este trabalho, é possível entender que a inteligência artificial vem como uma aliada e benfeitora no processo de melhoria da mobilidade e acessibilidade do trânsito do Brasil, mas que, para isso, ainda é preciso estruturar as normas e éticas, bem como políticas públicas correlacionadas, pois é fato que esta tecnologia estará, a cada dia mais presente neste setor. Assim, compreende-se que a inteligência artificial vem como relevante elemento na fabricação de carros autônomos que estarão, futuramente, transitando de forma consciente, sustentável e seguros, com todo avanço tecnológico que a inteligência artificial possa oferecer.
HIPERPIGMENTAÇÃO PERIORBITAL: ETIOLOGIA E TRATAMENTO
Authors: Nelis Vitória Bárbara da Cunha Peixoto , Ferreira Lilian de Abreu 
Published: November 2024

O envelhecimento é um processo complexo e multifatorial. A região periorbital é a primeira área da face a mostrar sinais de envelhecimento. A hiperpigmentação periorbital, mais conhecida como olheiras, é uma ocorrência de máculas e manchas hipercromáticas bilaterais que geralmente afetam as pálpebras inferiores, de pigmentação marrom ou escura, que também pode estar presente nas pálpebras superiores, região malar, sobrancelhas e regiões vizinhas. As literaturas citam as olheiras como uma queixa comum e podem apresentar grande impacto na qualidade de vida e na autoestima dos pacientes. Assim sendo, este artigo apresenta uma revisão narrativa da literatura, explorando os principais fatores causadores dessa condição e os principais os tratamentos recomendados na literatura científica. Foi realizada uma busca de artigos em algumas bases de dados eletrônicas, restringindo essa busca a artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa. Foi possível evidenciar que a hiperpigmentação periorbital, é causada por vários fatores exógenos e endógenos, que incluem genética ou hereditariedade, pigmentação excessiva, hiperpigmentação pós-inflamatória secundária à dermatite de contato, atópica e alérgica, edema periorbital, vascularização excessiva, efeito de sombra devido à flacidez da pele e sulco nasojulgar associado ao envelhecimento. Além de fatores como alimentação inadequada e falta de sono, que também contribuem para acentuar a pigmentação. Entre as alternativas disponíveis para o tratamento das olheiras, estão os agentes despigmentantes tópicos, como hidroquinona, ácido kójico, ácido azelaico e ácido retinóico tópico, peelings químicos, correções cirúrgicas e terapias a laser, muitas das quais testadas cientificamente. para melasma, outra condição comum de hiperpigmentação que ocorre na face. O objetivo do tratamento deve ser identificar e tratar a causa primária da hiperpigmentação, bem como seus fatores contribuintes. A revisão também destaca a importância de abordagens terapêuticas personalizadas, considerando a complexidade das interações entre esses fatores. Além das intervenções estéticas, é essencial incluir suporte psicológico e estratégias de prevenção que promovam o autocuidado e a conscientização sobre a saúde da pele. Conclui-se que uma abordagem holística, que integre diferentes áreas da saúde, é fundamental para o tratamento eficaz da hiperpigmentação periorbital e para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
Kepastian Hukum Terhadap Anak Yang Lahir dari Perkawinan Siri
Authors: Erlinda Erlinda 
Published: November 2024

Perkawinan merupakan bagian hidup yang sakral karena harus memperhatikan norma dan kaidah hidup masyarakat. Perkawinan dilakukan melalui berbagai model, seperti kawin kontrak, kawin bawa lari, kawin resmi, kawin di bawah tangan dan yang paling popular di kalangan masyarakat adalah kawin siri. Perkawinan siri adalah perkawinan yang dilakukan secara diam-diam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kepastian hukum anak yang lahir dari pernikahan siri menurut fatwa ulama Aceh dan untuk mengetahui solusi dalam mengatasi akibat terhadap anak yang lahir dari nikah siri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode deskriptif yaitu suatu metode pemecahan masalah dengan cara menguraikan, penafsiran dan analisis data sehingga sangat menentukan untuk tercapainya tujuan secara efektif karena metode tersebut senantiasa dapat memperbaharui mutu dan kualitas tulisan. Dalam hukum Islam apapun bentuk dan model perkawinan sepanjang telah memenuhi rukun dan syaratnya maka perkawinan itu dianggap sah, sementara menurut hukum perkawinan di Indonesia selain sah menurut agama dan juga memiliki kekuatan hukum bila dicatat sesuai perundang-undangan.]
STUDI LITERATUR PEMANFAATAN METODA DATA MINING DALAM BIDANG FILANTROPI DI INDONESIA
Authors: A.S Yan Sofyan 
Published: November 2024

Data mining merupakan kegiatan untuk mempelajari kemungkinan pola atau keteraturan pada basis data yang berukuran besar. Saat ini teknik data mining digunakan oleh berbagai organisasi dalam berbagai bidang untuk menguatkan daya saing. Tidak ketinggalan, lembaga filantropi saat ini telah menggunakan data mining untuk mengolah data dan pada sistem informasi yang mereka miliki. Tujuan makalah ini melakukan studi literatur terhadap penelitian pemanfaatan data mining di bidang filantropi selama tiga tahun terakhir. Protokol yang digunakan untuk menelusuri dan menyeleksi adalah metode PRISMA. Hasil review literatur menggambarkan bahwa lembaga filantropi di tahun 2019 hingga tahun 2021 telah menggunakan berbagai metode data mining dalam mengolah data dan sistem informasi yang mereka miliki. Dari sekian banyak metoda atau algoritma yang ada, paling sering digunakan adalah klasifikasi, disusul sistem pendukung keputusan dan asosiasi
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK REKOMENDASI KELAYAKAN GEOGRAFIS LOKASI PENGEBORAN MINYAK
Authors: Herianto Herianto , Shihab Sulthan Alawy 
Published: November 2024

Menentukan lokasi pengeboran minyak yang tepat oleh perusahaan tambang minyak, selain dapat mengefisienkan pencarian lokasi pengeboran juga berkaitan dengan keselamatan petugas yang melakukan pengeboran. Masalah Keselamatan Kerja merupakan faktor dasar dalam membangun tempat kerja yang aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun sistem yang dapat memberi rekomendasi lokasi geografis yang layak dalam melaksanakan pengeboran untuk memperoleh minyak bumi. Analisa yang digunakan adalah ANP (Analytic Network Process) untuk menganalisa alternatif lokasi geografis terbaik berdasarkan sejumlah kriteria. Kemudian digunakan juga ARAS (Additive Ration Assesment) untuk menentukan petugas teknis yang paling layak melakukan pengeboran tersebut berdasarkan data teknis dan pengalaman sebelumnya. Metoda tersebut termasuk jenis MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) yang merupakan bagian dari Decision Support System (Sistem Pendukung Keputusan). Studi kasus dilakukan pada PT. BINA MITRA ARTHA, aplikasi yang dibangun berbentuk web sehingga jangkauan pengaksesannya lebih luas. Sistem yang dibangun telah diuji per modul program sesuai dengan fungsi yang direncanakan, dan telah bekerja dengan baik yang dapat memberi rekomendasi lokasi geografis yang layak untuk dilakukan pengeboran dan oleh karyawan yang paling sesuai.
ANALISA VARIASI PUTARAN, DAN TEMPERATUR PADA MESIN PEMBUAT ICE SLURRY DI KAPAL IKAN
Authors: Oloan Aldyn Clinton Partahi , MUSLIM MUSWAR , BUWONO AYOM , AFFANDI ALDI NUR 
Published: November 2024

Ice slurry muncul sebagai alternatif utama yang sangat mendukung kinerja nelayan dimulai dari bahan baku yang bisa langsung diambil ketika ditengah laut dan bertambahnya ruang pada kapal untuk penyimpanan ikan tersebut. Mesin Ice Slurry ini sebagai alat eksperimen untuk nelayan nantinya dan penelitian kali ini dibuat variasi putaran pada pengaduk es (scrapper) dimana variasinya yaitu 500 rpm, 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm pada motor listrik yang kemudian direduksi oleh gearbox yang memiliki ratio 1 : 30 dan dibuktikan dengan volume air laut pada setiap variasi yang ditetapkan yaitu 20 liter dengan waktu 90 menit serta menghitung nilai COP dan hasil dari variasi tersebut kemudian dianalisis maka didapatkan jumlah ice slurry yang dihasilkan yaitu pada variasi 500 rpm adalah 11,42 %, variasi 1000 rpm adalah 33,45 % dan variasi 1200 rpm adalah 13,61 %. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa hasil terbaik dari 20 liter air laut dengan waktu 90 menit yaitu pada variasi 1000 rpm motor listrik dimana hasil ice slurry paling banyak diantara yang lain yang berjumlah 33,45 % atau 6,69 kg dengan nilai COP adalah 10,24 dimana nilai itu ada di rata – rata ketiga variasi tersebut.
Implementasi Service Oriented Architecture Menggunakan Web Service pada Sistem Informasi Donasi di Badan Wakaf Alquran
Authors: Saputra Yan Sofyan Andhana 
Published: November 2024

Badan Wakaf Alquran adalah lembaga nirlaba yang bergerak dalam bidang wakaf, infak, serta zakat. Sumber utama donasi berasal dari perorangan. Dalam mengelola donasi dan melaksanakan program atau proyek sosial, Badan Wakaf Alquran menggunakan sistem informasi donasi berupa aplikasi dari beragam platform dan vendor. Perbedaan aplikasi dan platform mengakibatkan masalah pada integrasi data, khususnya perbedaan data donasi dan donatur pada beragam aplikasi tersebut. Solusi untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut adalah dengan mengembangkan model sistem informasi yang dapat mengintegrasikan data dari beragam aplikasi. Penelitian ini menerapkan Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) pada pengembangan sistem informasi donasi berupa web service yang bisa berkomunikasi atau diakses oleh beragam aplikasi. Web service merupakan sistem perangkat lunak yang mendukung pertukaran data atau interaksi antar perangkat keras yang berbeda melalui sebuah jaringan. Interaksi dan pertukaran data ini bahkan bisa berjalan walaupun ada perbedaan pada sistem operasi dan platform yang digunakan.. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah prototipe web service yaitu yang berfungsi sebagai media pertukaran atau sinkronisasi data donasi dan data donatur pada berbagai aplikasi yang dimiliki oleh Badan Wakaf Alquran.
Éduquer à la conservation des espèces avec des animaux en captivité ?
Authors: Urgelli Benoît , Trogoff Victor , Sanchez Evann 
Published: November 2024

En exposant des animaux en captivité, les zoos modernes s’autolégitiment comme des espaces d’éducation à la conservation de la biodiversité. Alors que ce positionnement soulève régulièrement des critiques, nous avons voulu savoir quelles sont les postures éducatives des pédagogues de zoo, lors de visites scolaires. Les déclarations de quinze d’entre eux montrent que, dans l’espoir de sensibiliser à la protection d’espèces menacées, et sous contraintes institutionnelles, ils développent une pédagogie des émotions visant la transmission de savoirs bioécologiques, adossée à une éthique animale utilitariste et instrumentale. Sachant que le pluralisme des valeurs données aux animaux pourrait faciliter l’entrée des publics dans une éducation critique, nous en appelons au développement au zoo d’une écopédagogie à la fois sensible, cognitive et morale.