bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chloride channel‐3 mediates multidrug resistance of cancer by upregulating P‐glycoprotein expression
Authors: Chen Qi , Liu Xueqiang , Luo Zhesi , Wang Shisi , Lin Jialin , Xie Zheng , Li Mengge , Li Chunmei , Cao Hua , Huang Qingsong , Mao Jianwen , Xu Bin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChloride channel‐3 (ClC‐3), a member of the ClC family of voltage‐gated Cl− channels, is involved in the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Here, we report a new mechanism for ClC‐3 in mediating multidrug resistance (MDR). ClC‐3 was highly expressed in the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp)‐dependent human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549)/paclitaxel (PTX) and the human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF‐7)/doxorubicin (DOX) resistant cells. Changes in the ClC‐3 expression resulted in the development of drug resistance in formerly drug‐sensitive A549 or MCF‐7 cells, and drug sensitivity in formerly drug‐resistant A549/Taxol and MCF‐7/DOX cells. Double transgenic MMTV‐PyMT/CLCN3 mice with spontaneous mammary cancer and ClC‐3 overexpression demonstrated drug resistance to PTX and DOX. ClC‐3 expression upregulated the expression of MDR1 messenger RNA and P‐gp by activating the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB)‐signaling pathway. These data suggest that ClC‐3 expression in cancer cells induces MDR by upregulating NF‐κB‐signaling‐dependent P‐gp expression involving another new mechanism for ClC‐3 in the development of drug resistance of cancers.
Short‐term effects of levosimendan on strain/strain rate markers in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kırış Tuncay , Avcı Eyüp 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether repetitive measurements of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE)‐derived strain (S) and strain rate (SR) could reveal changes in left ventricular function in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy treated with levosimendan.MethodsWe included 22 consecutive patients (age 53 ±12 years) with an ejection fraction (EF) below 35% and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III‐IV symptoms that required intravenous inotropic support despite optimal medical therapy. The absence of any occlusive coronary artery disease was identified via previous coronary angiography in all patients. Echocardiographic variables, including strain/strain rate, and NYHA functional class, were evaluated before and after levosimendan infusion at the 72nd hour and one month.ResultsThe strain and strain rate values for both left and right ventricles were observed to be increased NYHA functional class and left ventricular EF (P <.05).ConclusionSTE can successfully completed conventional echocardiography in the evaluation of patients with decompensated heart failure who were treated with levosimendan.
Modification of a modulated arc total body irradiation technique: Implementation and first clinical experience for paediatric patients
Authors: Pemberton Melanie , Brady Carole , Taylor Beth , Tyrrell Danielle , Sim Lucy , Zawlodzka‐Bednarz Sylwia , Biggs Jennifer , Peters Mitchell , Baines John , Hargrave Catriona 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionTo implement the modulated arc total body irradiation (MATBI) technique within the existing infrastructure of a radiation oncology department. The technique needed to treat paediatric patients of all ages, some of whom would require general anaesthesia (GA).MethodsThe MATBI technique required minor modifications to be incorporated within existing departmental infrastructure. Ancillary equipment essential to the technique were identified and in some cases custom designed to meet health and safety criteria. GA equipment was also considered. To evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented technique, an audit of the cases clinically treated was conducted.ResultsA motorised treatment couch was designed to allow the patient to be positioned in stabilisation equipment at a height, then lowered to the floor to accommodate source‐to‐skin‐distances from 180 cm to 198 cm to treat the fixed 40 cm × 40 cm field size. Treatment couch design also facilitated positioning of the bespoke two‐part spoiler. While organ at risk dose is limited using a beam weight optimisation technique, the dose is further reduced using compensators placed close to the patient's skin on a 3D printed custom‐made support bridge. A digital radiography system is used to verify compensator position. Fifteen patients have been treated to date for various diseases using a variety of dose fractionations ranging from 2 Gy in a single fraction to 12 Gy in 6 fractions. Five patients have required GA due to age or behavioural issues.ConclusionThe modified MATBI technique and the equipment required for treatment delivery has been found to be well tolerated by all patients.
Determination of nitenpyram and 6‐chloronicotinic acid in environmental samples by ion chromatography coupled with online photochemically induced fluorescence detector
Authors: Muhammad Nadeem , Zhang Yun , Li Weixia , Zhao Yong‐Gang , Ali Amjad , Subhani Qamar , Mahmud Tariq , Liu Junwei , Cui Hairong , Zhu Yan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA simple, cost‐effective, sensitive, and quick method for the determination of nitenpyram and its metabolite 6‐chloronicotinic acid in environmental samples was developed by coupling an ion chromatograph with a fluorescence detector and a post‐column photochemical reactor. This developed analytical method involved a rapid sample extraction by modified and miniaturized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method followed by isocratic ion chromatographic separation of nitenpyram and 6‐chloronicotinic acid into an IonPac™ AS11‐HC column protected by IonPac™ AG11A guard column by running 30 mM NaOH + 10% acetonitrile mobile phase. A homemade post‐column photochemical reactor was also integrated with the ion chromatographic system for online transformation of both analytes into their respective highly fluorescent photoproduct in basic media without using an extra pump. The developed method was validated by following SANTE/11945/2015 guidelines on analytical quality control and validation procedures. The method showed a good linear response (r > 0.999), improved limit of detection (0.101–0.132 μg/L), minimum or no matrix effect, excellent recoveries (90.2–100.10%) and relative standard deviations were found to be ≤6.50%.
Electronic medical record–based tools aid in timely triage of disc‐shaped foreign body ingestions
Authors: Lavin Jennifer M. , Wiedermann Joshua , Sals Alexandra , Kato Kimberly , Brinson Dusty , Nytko Agata , Katsogridakis Yiannis , Krug Steven , Ida Jonathan 
Published: September 2018

Objectives/HypothesisChildren presenting to the emergency department with coin‐shaped foreign body (FB) ingestion must be evaluated urgently to rule out a button battery. As many of these ingestions are well‐appearing on presentation, delays in triage put patients at risk for further injury.Study DesignQuality initiative.MethodsA quality initiative, utilizing electronic medical record (EMR)‐based tools, was implemented at our academic children's hospital. A chief complaint pertaining to coin‐shaped FB ingestion was created and was linked to a best practice advisory, instructing assignment of acuity level 2 and the order of a Stat x‐ray. A link to the hospital's relevant algorithm was provided. A review was conducted comparing children who underwent FB removal preinitiative (January 1, 2016–January 28, 2017) and postinitiative (January 31, 2017–August 30, 2017). Primary outcomes were frequency of assignment of acuity level 2 and time from patient arrival to x‐ray order placement and x‐ray completion.ResultsThirty‐six patients in the baseline group and 30 in the postintervention group underwent FB removal. The rate of appropriate acuity assignment increased from 63.8% (23/36) pre implementation to 100% (30/30) postimplementation (P = .0003). Median time from arrival to imaging ordered and completed decreased from 36.5 to 4 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI]: −44 to −17) and 59 to 41 minutes (95% CI: −39 to −1), respectively.ConclusionsUtilization of EMR‐based tools was associated with improved timeliness in initiation of care in metallic FB ingestion patients. Further initiatives will be aimed at downstream events in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 128:2697–2701, 2018
Fabrication and characterization of 3D‐printed elastic auricular scaffolds: A pilot study
Authors: Kim Ha Yeong , Jung Soo Yeon , Lee Sang Jin , Lee Hyun Jung , Truong Minh‐Dung , Kim Han Su 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveAesthetic reconstruction of the external ear is challenging due to the complex anatomical shape of the auricle. Recently, artificial scaffolds such as Medpor (Stryker, Kalamasoo, MI, USA) have become widely used in ear reconstruction. However, the Medpor scaffold is stiffer than the natural ear, which may lead to discomfort, and moreover has uniform design for every patient. In this study, we investigated whether three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed artificial polyurethane (PU) scaffolds are suitable for auricular reconstruction.MethodsPU scaffolds were fabricated using 3D printing according to a design derived from a digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) image of the human auricle. The microstructure of the scaffolds was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the porosity was examined. Cell proliferation on the scaffolds was assessed in vitro using tonsil‐derived mesenchymal stem cells to evaluate the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. The scaffolds were implanted in C57BL/6 mice, and histological analysis was performed.ResultsThe structural study revealed that the 3D‐printed porous PU scaffolds have rectangular microstructure with regular pitch and line, as well as high porosity (56.46% ± 10.22%) with a pore diameter of 200 µm. The mechanical properties of the 3D‐printed PU scaffolds were similar to those of the human auricle cartilage. Cell proliferation on the PU scaffolds was greater than that on Medpor scaffolds. Histological evaluation demonstrated that the porous parts of the PU scaffolds became filled with collagen and vascular tissue.ConclusionElastic, porous PU scaffolds can be obtained using 3D printing, have biomechanical properties similar to those of the natural ear, and are suitable for use in auricular reconstruction.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:351–357, 2019
Voice Outcome Measures for Adult Patients With Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Walton Chloe , Carding Paul , Conway Erin , Flanagan Kieran , Blackshaw Helen 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesUnilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) typically results in marked changes in voice quality and performance and has a significant impact on quality of life. Treatment approaches generally aim to restore glottal closure for phonation and improve vocal function. There are a wide range of voice outcome measures that are available to measure the treatment effect. Careful selection of voice outcome measures is required to ensure that they are adequate for purpose and are psychometrically sound to detect the treatment effect. This article aims to critically evaluate the literature for voice outcome measures that are used for patients with UVFP.Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsNine databases were searched for UVFP treatment studies published since 2003 (n = 2,484 articles). These articles and their references were screened using inclusion/exclusion criteria, including population characteristics, treatment, voice outcomes, and study findings. Data from the included articles was extracted and appraised with respect to multidimensionality, timing, selection rationale, validity, reliability, and responsiveness to change of the voice outcome measures.ResultsA total of 29 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. These studies showed considerable variability in the rationale, selection, and application of voice outcome measures for reporting the treatment effect for patients with UVFP.ConclusionThere is currently a significant disparity in the selection and use of voice outcome measures for patients with UVFP. A set of principles around selection rationale, validity, reliability, and responsiveness to change is proposed to enhance the judicious selection of voice outcome measures for this patient group. Laryngoscope, 129:187–197, 2019
Determination of Iodine Value in Hydrogenated Oils: Comparison of Titration and Gas Chromatography with Flame‐Ionization Detection Methodologies
Authors: Kotoski Shaun P. , Srigley Cynthia T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently issued its final determination that partially hydrogenated oils (PHO) are no longer generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for any use in human food. Consequently, the discrimination between PHO and fully hydrogenated oils (FHO), which is achieved by the iodine value (IV), has become an important regulatory issue. This study compared American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) titration and gas chromatography with flame‐ionization detection (GC‐FID) methodologies for the determination of IV in seven samples of hydrogenated oil, namely coconut, cottonseed (n = 2), palm kernel, palm stearine, and soybean (n = 2) oils. Titrations produced statistically higher IV determinations than those achieved by GC‐FID, for all samples except the FH coconut oil. The unsaponifiable matter content of the hydrogenated oils, which varied from 0.15% to 0.47% of total fat, likely contributed modest increases to the IV by titration. Both methodologies were prone to issues at low IV (~4), with titrations showing greater variability, and GC‐FID being susceptible to incomplete separation, identification, and quantification of all unsaturated fatty acids. The variability observed with titrations could be minimized by careful execution of the titration protocol. Although both approaches successfully discriminated PHO and FHO in the test materials, at low IV (~4), titration is the most accurate method for determining the IV, and the only approach that has been validated in oils with a very low IV (<1).
Multidecadal climate‐induced changes in Arctic tundra lake geochemistry and geomorphology
Authors: Drake Travis W. , Holmes Robert M. , Zhulidov Alexander V. , Gurtovaya Tatiana , Raymond Peter A. , McClelland James W. , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHigh‐latitude lakes are sensitive indicators of climate and important ecological components of Northern landscapes. The response of Arctic lakes to accelerated 20th century warming has largely been inferred from paleolimnological and shorter‐term observational studies (< 20 yr). Here, we present a long‐term observational dataset outlining a suite of chemical, biological, and physical changes in three Russian tundra lakes over a 43‐yr period (1953–1996). In all three lakes, epilimnetic water temperature, alkalinity, and calculated pCO2, measured during the ice‐free period in late summer, increased over time. Over the same period, the rates of primary and bacterial production increased significantly. Permafrost thaw at the base and margins of the lakes likely resulted in the observed increase in size, as measured by average depth, surface area, and total volume. The observed changes show strong correlation with temperature, suggesting an overall pronounced response to warming. Importantly, CO2 sourced from either in situ or allochthonous respiration of thawed permafrost would indicate the destabilization of a large C reservoir.
Facile Photochemical Modification of Silk Protein–Based Biomaterials
Authors: Hardy John G. , Bertin Annabelle , Torres‐Rendon Jose Guillermo , Leal‐Egaña Aldo , Humenik Martin , Bauer Felix , Walther Andreas , Cölfen Helmut , Schlaad Helmut , Scheibel Thomas R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSilk protein–based materials show promise for application as biomaterials for tissue engineering. The simple and rapid photochemical modification of silk protein–based materials composed of either Bombyx mori silkworm silk or engineered spider silk proteins (eADF4(C16)) is reported. Radicals formed on the silk‐based materials initiate the polymerization of monomers (acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or allylamine) which functionalize the surface of the silk materials with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), or poly(allylamine) (PAAm). To demonstrate potential applications of this type of modification, the polymer‐modified silks are mineralized. The PAA‐ and PMAA‐functionalized silks are mineralized with calcium carbonate, whereas the PAAm‐functionalized silks are mineralized with silica, both of which provide a coating on the materials that may be useful for bone tissue engineering, which will be the subject of future investigations.
Neurobiology of placebo effect in Parkinson's disease: What we have learned and where we are going
Authors: Quattrone Aldo , Barbagallo Gaetano , Cerasa Antonio , Stoessl A. Jon 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe placebo effect is a phenomenon produced when an inert substance administered like a regular treatment improves the clinical outcome. Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the main clinical disorders for which the placebo response rates are high. The first evidence of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the placebo effect in PD stems from 2001, when de la Fuente‐Fernandez and colleagues demonstrated that a placebo injection led to the release of dopamine in the striatal nuclei of PD measured with positron emission tomography technology. Since then, several studies have been conducted to investigate the neurobiological underpinnings of placebo responses. This article presents a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. Of an initial yield of 143 papers, 19 were included. The lessons learned from these studies are threefold: (i) motor improvement is dependent on the activation of the entire nigrostriatal pathway induced by dopamine release in the dorsal striatum; (ii) the magnitude of placebo‐induced effects is modulated by an expectancy of improvement, which is in turn related to the release of dopamine within the ventral striatum; (iii) the functioning of the neural pathways underlying the placebo response can be tuned by prior exposure and learning strategies. In conclusion, although the neural network underlying the placebo effect in PD has been largely confirmed and accepted, what remains to be established is how, when, and where the expectation of reward (mediated by the ventral striatum) interacts with the primary motor system (mediated by the dorsal striatum) to induce clinical improvement in motor symptoms. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Presence of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with isolated ventriculomegaly on prenatal ultrasound in China
Authors: Zhao Dan , Cai Ailu , Wang Bing , Lu Xiaodan , Meng Lu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of our study was to compare the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities of fetuses with isolated fetal ventriculomegaly (VM) to that of fetuses with the sole risk factor of being born to mothers of advanced age.MethodThis prospective study included two groups. Group 1 included fetuses with isolated VM and were further categorized according to maternal age, fetal gender, laterality of VM (unilateral or bilateral), evolution of VM (resolved or persistent or progressive), and the gestational age at the time of diagnosis (<28w or ≥28w). Group 2 were fetuses without any fetal structural abnormality, but maternal age was at or over 35 years.ResultEighteen fetuses (18/231, 7.8%) with chromosomal abnormalities were identified for Group 1, and 13 fetuses (13/782, 1.7%) were identified for Group 2. When cases with mothers of advanced age were excluded from Group 1, the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities of isolated VM fetuses age was 7.2%, which is still higher than that of normal structural fetuses in mothers of advanced age (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe risk of chromosomal abnormalities for fetuses with isolated VM is high, especially when it is severe, bilateral, the first presence occurs in mid‐gestation and is not resolved.
Dual edge apparatus and algorithm for measurement of x‐ray beam spot parameters
Authors: Jeung Andrew , Zhu Liangjia , Cassese Marcelo , Luevano Roberto , Star‐Lack Josh 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe shape, size, and location of the x‐ray beam spot (where the electron beam strikes the target) in a linac‐based radiation therapy machine are of potential clinical significance. Established techniques to measure the beam spot parameters involve specialized hardware and typically assess size and shape of the beam spot or its position, but not both. A simple apparatus and algorithm for measuring all beam spot parameters simultaneously is proposed here.MethodsThe apparatus is composed of two partially transmitting edge plates mounted at different vertical positions. The mount for the apparatus slides into the accessory tray of the linac treatment head so that it rotates with the collimator, and it is imaged by the existing electronic portal imaging device (EPID) over multiple collimator angles. A software algorithm takes the acquired images and uses a parallel‐beam CT reconstruction technique to compute beam spot size, shape, and position in one computation. In addition, the wobble of the collimator assembly can be estimated. The overall method was validated with both Monte Carlo simulation and with comparison to in‐house spot camera measurements on a radiation therapy system.ResultsThe algorithm correctly predicted the beam spot parameters used for the Monte Carlo simulation to better than 50 μm accuracy in all cases. Furthermore, results from the dual edge method matched spot camera results with 30 μm accuracy for beam spot size and shape, with 80 μm average accuracy for beam spot position, and better than 200 μm accuracy for collimator assembly wobble.ConclusionsWe have developed a combination dual edge apparatus and image processing algorithm that, when used on a radiotherapy linac with an EPID, can accurately determine the size and shape of the electron beam spot, its position relative to collimator rotation axis, and the wobble of the collimator assembly.
TensorView: A software tool for displaying NMR tensors
Authors: Young Robert P. , Lewis Corbin R. , Yang Chen , Wang Luther , Harper James K. , Mueller Leonard J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe representation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tensors as surfaces on three‐dimensional molecular models is an information‐rich presentation that highlights the geometric relationship between tensor principal components and the underlying molecular and electronic structure. Here, we describe a new computational tool, TensorView, for depicting NMR tensors on the molecular framework. This package makes use of the graphical interface and built‐in molecular display functionality present within the Mathematica programming environment and is robust for displaying tensor properties from a broad range of commercial and user‐specific computational chemistry packages. Two mathematical forms for representing tensor interaction surfaces are presented, the popular ellipsoidal construct and the more technically correct “ovaloid” form. Examples are provided for chemical shielding and shift tensors, dipole–dipole and quadrupolar couplings, and atomic anisotropic displacement parameters (thermal ellipsoids) derived from NMR crystallography.