bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance measures for endoscopy services: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Valori Roland , Cortas George , de Lange Thomas , Balfaqih Omer , de Pater Marjon , Eisendrath Pierre , Falt Premysl , Koruk Irfan , Ono Akiko , Rustemović Nadan , Schoon Erik , Veitch Andrew , Senore Carlo , Bellisario Cristina , Minozzi Silvia , Bennett Cathy , Bretthauer Michael , Dinis-Ribeiro Mario , Domagk Dirk , Hassan Cesare , Kaminski Michal , Rees Colin , Spada Cristiano , Bisschops Raf , Rutter Mathew 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and United European Gastroenterology present a list of key performance measures for endoscopy services. We recommend that these performance measures be adopted by all endoscopy services across Europe. The measures include those related to the leadership, organization, and delivery of the service, as well as those associated with the patient journey. Each measure includes a recommendation for a minimum and target standard for endoscopy services to achieve. We recommend that all stakeholders in endoscopy take note of these ESGE endoscopy services performance measures to accelerate their adoption and implementation. Stakeholders include patients and their advocacy groups; service leaders; staff, including endoscopists; professional societies; payers; and regulators.
r/Agenda_rejection
Authors: Funk Marcus 
Published: November 2018

AbstractReddit communities focused on Christianity demonstrate significant resistance to mainstream news media attribute agendas on Christianity and Christians. This computerized content analysis of five years of news coverage and survey responses from 113 Redditors found digital community members soundly rejected mainstream news attribute agendas. Data point to the strength and independence of digital communities to meld and define their own agendas and rhetoric while affirming both a need for orientation and previous research establishing limited agenda-setting effects regarding religion.
Disruptor-in-chief?
Authors: Wiemer Eric C. , Scacco Joshua M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOne prominent competitor to press influence on the public in digital spaces is the President of the United States. This presidential influence is largely unaccounted for, however, in contemporary agenda-setting models. This study examines the network agenda-building and setting capabilities of President Trump around tax reform and North Korea to determine whether and how presidential use of Twitter facilitates agenda building and disrupts the traditional press/public agenda-setting process. Offered in this research are contributions to network agenda setting by placing this theoretical perspective in conversation with research on how the press and public “echo” the language of the president under particular circumstances. Our results illustrate the president can disrupt press-public agenda formation in some circumstances, but popular accounts of the all-disrupting influence President Trump has on political life should be approached cautiously.
Fifty years of agenda-setting research
Authors: Vargo Chris J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
50 years have passed since the seminal 1968 election study was conducted in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. A conference was held with
formative theorists Drs. Shaw, Weaver and McCombs. Presentations clustered into 9 clear areas. First, there were areas undergoing
theoretical expansion: (1) agenda building, (2) Network Agenda Setting (NAS), (3) Need For Orientation (NFO), and (4)
agendamelding. Beyond the established areas, (5) new theoretical directions were proposed. Other work tested and validated the
theory in the current digital and political landscape. This included work on (6) the current U.S. political climate, and (7)
agenda setting in unique international conditions. Methodological boundaries were pushed, with presentations focused on (8)
qualitative agenda setting and (9) best practices for big data and on social media. This article summarizes the aforementioned
themes and synthesizes comments raised in discussion at the conference.
Between question and answer
Authors: St John Oliver 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Sweden, tutoring in the mother tongue is a form of special educational support to enable pupils with non-Swedish language backgrounds to follow Swedish medium instruction and succeed at school. For pupils who risk failing to meet minimal curricular requirements, it is an educational right. This study investigates tutor-mediated interaction with Somali newly arrived pupils and subject teachers in oral examinations at the ninth year and asks how translanguaging may be relevant to speech performances in this multilingual setting. Both tutors and pupils translanguage advantageously to accomplish pedagogical objectives. Translanguaging proves subject to the personal aspirations of speakers, the organization of interaction as well as wider pedagogical goals. Following Bakhtin, discrepancy between tutor translingual interpretation and the other participants’ interpreted utterances is accounted for as the responsive engagement of a second consciousness that supplements other voices creatively. Central aspects of translanguaging are challenged through a dialogic lens. The implications of treating translanguaging in mother tongue tutoring asdialogic actioninclude positioning translanguaging in an interactionist framework, the importance of a discourse of constraint as well as affordance, a dynamic epistemology and the need for teachers and tutors to be aware of the inherent meaning-making processes in translingual interpretation for pupil assessment.
Deterioration in right ventricular structure and function over time in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Obokata Masaru , Reddy Yogesh N V , Melenovsky Vojtech , Pislaru Sorin , Borlaug Barry A 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Aims
Prevalent right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (RVD) is associated with increased mortality in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but no study has characterized long-term changes in RV structure and function within the same patient.

Methods and results
Patients with unequivocal HFpEF defined by either invasive haemodynamics or hospitalization for pulmonary oedema (n = 271) underwent serial echocardiographic evaluations &gt;6 months apart. Clinical, structural, functional, and haemodynamic characteristics were examined. Over a median of 4.0 years (interquartile range 2.1–6.1), there was a 10% decline in RV fractional area change and 21% increase in RV diastolic area (both P &lt; 0.0001). These changes greatly exceeded corresponding changes in the left ventricle. The prevalence of tricuspid regurgitation increased by 45%. Of 238 patients with normal RV function at Exam 1, 55 (23%) developed RVD during follow-up. Development of RVD was associated with both prevalent and incident atrial fibrillation (AF), higher body weight, coronary disease, higher pulmonary artery and left ventricular filling pressures, and RV dilation. Patients with HFpEF developing incident RVD had nearly two-fold increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.89, 95% confidence interval 1.01–3.44; P = 0.04).

Conclusion
While previous attention has centred on the left ventricle in HFpEF, these data show that right ventricular structure and function deteriorate to greater extent over time when compared with changes in the left ventricle. Further study is required to evaluate whether interventions targeting modifiable risk factors identified for incident RVD, including abnormal haemodynamics, AF, coronary disease, and obesity, can prevent RVD and thus improve outcomes.
NFκB Regulates Muscle Development and Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Valentine Joseph M , Li Mengyao E , Shoelson Steven E , Zhang Ning , Reddick Robert L , Musi Nicolas 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)κB is a transcription factor that controls immune and inflammatory signaling pathways. In skeletal muscle, NFκB has been implicated in the regulation of metabolic processes and tissue mass, yet its affects on mitochondrial function in this tissue are unclear. To investigate the role of NFκB on mitochondrial function and its relationship with muscle mass across the life span, we study a mouse model with muscle-specific NFκB suppression (muscle-specific IκBα super-repressor [MISR] mice). In wild-type mice, there was a natural decline in muscle mass with aging that was accompanied by decreased mitochondrial function and mRNA expression of electron transport chain subunits. NFκB inactivation downregulated expression of PPARGC1A, and upregulated TFEB and PPARGC1B. NFκB inactivation also decreased gastrocnemius (but not soleus) muscle mass in early life (1–6 months old). Lower oxygen consumption rates occurred in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles from young MISR mice, whereas soleus (but not gastrocnemius) muscles from old MISR mice displayed increased oxygen consumption compared to age-matched controls. We conclude that the NFκB pathway plays an important role in muscle development and growth. The extent to which NFκB suppression alters mitochondrial function is age dependent and muscle specific. Finally, mitochondrial function and muscle mass are tightly associated in both genotypes and across the life span.
An examination of multivariable Mendelian randomization in the single-sample and two-sample summary data settings
Authors: Sanderson Eleanor , Davey Smith George , Windmeijer Frank , Bowden Jack 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundMendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful tool in epidemiology that can be used to estimate the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome in the presence of unobserved confounding, by utilizing genetic variants that are instrumental variables (IVs) for the exposure. This has been extended to multivariable MR (MVMR) to estimate the effect of two or more exposures on an outcome.Methods and resultsWe use simulations and theory to clarify the interpretation of estimated effects in a MVMR analysis under a range of underlying scenarios, where a secondary exposure acts variously as a confounder, a mediator, a pleiotropic pathway and a collider. We then describe how instrument strength and validity can be assessed for an MVMR analysis in the single-sample setting, and develop tests to assess these assumptions in the popular two-sample summary data setting. We illustrate our methods using data from UK Biobank to estimate the effect of education and cognitive ability on body mass index.ConclusionMVMR analysis consistently estimates the direct causal effect of an exposure, or exposures, of interest and provides a powerful tool for determining causal effects in a wide range of scenarios with either individual- or summary-level data.
How Do Undergraduate Students Construct Their View of Cybercrime? Exploring Definitions of Cybercrime, Perceptions of Online Risk and Victimization
Authors: Conway Georgia , Hadlington Lee 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
While cybercrime is recognized as an increasing problem in society, it is unclear how users perceive cybercrime and online risks. This qualitative study explored how undergraduate students in England, a group who are at relatively high risk of victimization, viewed language and concepts associated with cybercrime. Three focus groups were conducted with a total of 16 18- to 21-year-old undergraduate students, and data were analyzed inductively and thematically. The themes explored in this article include: the physical world versus the virtual world; confusion regarding the law (including a perceived lack of police interest in responding to cybercrime); the normalization of risky or harmful online behaviour; and victimization. The themes also point towards a variety of misconceptions about cybercrime alongside an ambivalence towards the potential risk of becoming a victim. The data provide a potential step towards tailoring education packages and awareness programmes to ensure at-risk groups are equipped with actionable mechanisms to protect themselves. Further research is suggested in terms of exploring how such perceptions can be changed through effective training and awareness programmes, potentially reducing the level of risk in this group.
Models of Peer Support to Remediate Post-Intensive Care Syndrome: A Report Developed by the Society of Critical Care Medicine Thrive International Peer Support Collaborative*
Authors: McPeake Joanne , Hirshberg Eliotte L. , Christie Leeann M. , Drumright Kelly , Haines Kimberley , Hough Catherine L. , Meyer Joel , Wade Dorothy , Andrews Adair , Bakhru Rita , Bates Samantha , Barwise John A. , Bastarache Julie , Beesley Sarah J. , Boehm Leanne M. , Brown Sheryl , Clay Alison S. , Firshman Penelope , Greenberg Steven , Harris Wendy , Hill Christopher , Hodgson Carol , Holdsworth Clare , Hope Aluko A. , Hopkins Ramona O. , Howell David C. J. , Janssen Anna , Jackson James C. , Johnson Annie , Kross Erin K. , Lamas Daniela , MacLeod-Smith Belinda , Mandel Ruth , Marshall John , Mikkelsen Mark E. , Nackino Megan , Quasim Tara , Sevin Carla M. , Slack Andrew , Spurr Rachel , Still Mary , Thompson Carol , Weinhouse Gerald , Wilcox M. Elizabeth , Iwashyna Theodore J. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
Patients and caregivers can experience a range of physical, psychologic, and cognitive problems following critical care discharge. The use of peer support has been proposed as an innovative support mechanism.

Design:
We sought to identify technical, safety, and procedural aspects of existing operational models of peer support, among the Society of Critical Care Medicine Thrive Peer Support Collaborative. We also sought to categorize key distinctions between these models and elucidate barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Subjects and Setting:
Seventeen Thrive sites from the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia were represented by a range of healthcare professionals.

Measurements and Main Results:
Via an iterative process of in-person and email/conference calls, members of the Collaborative defined the key areas on which peer support models could be defined and compared, collected detailed self-reports from all sites, reviewed the information, and identified clusters of models. Barriers and challenges to implementation of peer support models were also documented. Within the Thrive Collaborative, six general models of peer support were identified: community based, psychologist-led outpatient, models-based within ICU follow-up clinics, online, groups based within ICU, and peer mentor models. The most common barriers to implementation were recruitment to groups, personnel input and training, sustainability and funding, risk management, and measuring success.

Conclusions:
A number of different models of peer support are currently being developed to help patients and families recover and grow in the postcritical care setting.
Can telemedicine improve triage and patient satisfaction in urgent care settings?
Authors: Aungst Lesia A. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Urgent care centers (UCCs) frequently experience long wait times, overcrowding, and patient dissatisfaction. According to recent studies in the emergency care setting, utilization of telemedicine during patient triage has demonstrated reduction in patient wait time and improvement in patient satisfaction. Implementation of telemedicine in urgent care settings may make triage faster and more efficient and lead to similar improvements in wait time and patient satisfaction. Finally, there is potential for telemedicine to improve working conditions for providers and staff of UCCs.
Hypophosphatasia: A rare disorder
Authors: Hicks Rodney W. , Umnitz Leah , Seibert Diane C. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Hypophosphatasia is a rare, progressive metabolic disorder inherited in either an autosomal dominant or an autosomal recessive fashion. Affected individuals may have unusual bone development. Infants may be diagnosed with infantile rickets. Symptoms then abate during adolescence, with bony abnormalities manifesting again as mid-life osteopenia or osteoporosis. Long-term management is focused on minimizing complications, so consultations and periodic visits with a variety of specialists is often warranted. New therapies are on the horizon, but some agents used to treat bone diseases are contraindicated in this population. At-risk relatives should be referred to genetic professionals to determine mode of inheritance and discuss options.
Unique imaging findings in fibromuscular dysplasia of renal arteries
Authors: Kong Weiying , Hu Zhangxue 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare vascular disorder that causes abnormal cell growth in arterial walls. The classic “string of beads” sign has been reported in many cases, whereas the appearance of tubular stenosis and distal tapering of renal arteries with multiple renal infarctions, as well as left kidney atrophy occurring in one patient, has not been precisely described.

Patient concerns:
A 19-year-old woman presented to us with a history of elevated blood pressure without any symptoms for the past 1 month. Routine laboratory tests indicated a moderately impaired renal function, and ultrasound examination demonstrated a small-sized left kidney and seriously decreased blood flow of the left renal artery and its branches.

Diagnosis:
Subsequent contrast-enhanced computed tomographic angiography (CTA) demonstrated multiple ischemic infarctions in the bilateral kidneys, and FMD was suggested at that time. Thereafter, we performed selective reno-angiography, which confirmed that the all left renal arteries had tubular stenosis and that right renal arterial branches presented distal tapering.

Intervention:
Antihypertensive drugs were prescribed conservatively, including nifedipine 60 mg/d and prazosin 4 mg/d, to lower the patient's blood pressure.

Outcomes:
The patient had a well-controlled blood pressure and an improved renal function at her 6-month follow-up.

Lessons:
We should take the diagnosis of FMD into account if young women develop asymptomatic hypertension. To our knowledge, this is the first case that exhibited renal artery FMD manifesting as tubular stenosis and distal tapering, especially followed by bilateral renal infarctions and significant atrophy of the left kidney. In addition, CTA combined with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) may be more sensitive than other tests with respect to the detection of intrarenal infarctions and arterial variants of FMD.
The clinical value of using chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as autophagy inhibitors in the treatment of cancers
Authors: Xu Ran , Ji Ziyi , Xu Chen , Zhu Jing 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
Autophagy is a mechanism which relies on lysosomes for clearance and recycling of abnormal proteins or organelles. Many studies have demonstrated that the deregulation of autophagy is associated with the development of various diseases including cancer. The use of autophagy inhibitors is an emerging trend in cancer treatment. However, the value of autophagy inhibitors remains under debate. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed, aiming to evaluate the clinical value of autophagy-inhibitor-based therapy.

Methods:
We searched for clinical studies that evaluated autophagy-inhibitor-based therapy in cancer. We extracted data from these studies to evaluate the relative risk (RR) of overall response rate (ORR), 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate, and 1-year overall survival (OS) rate.

Results:
Seven clinical trials were identified (n = 293). Treatments included 2 combinations of hydroxychloroquine and gemcitabine, 1 combination of hydroxychloroquine and doxorubicin, 1 combination of chloroquine and radiation, 2 combinations of chloroquine, temozolomide, and radiation, and 1 hydroxychloroquine monotherapy. Autophagy-inhibitor-based therapy showed higher ORR (RR: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–1.86, P = .009), PFS (RR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.05–2.82, P = .000), OS (RR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.11–1.75, P = .000) values than the therapy without inhibiting autophagy.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis showed that autophagy-inhibitor-based therapy has better treatment response compared to chemotherapy or radiation therapy without inhibiting autophagy, which may provide a new strategy for the treatment of cancers.
A methodology to systematically analyze the hospital discharge of terminally ill patients
Authors: Eggen Annemarie Cécile , Jalving Mathilde , Bosma Ingeborg , Veenhuis Derkje J. , Bosscher Lianne J. , Geerling Jenske I. , Reyners Anna Katrien Leontien 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
To provide an appropriate method to systematically analyze the hospital discharge of terminally ill patients especially the cooperation between hospital and community nurses and the quality of the discharge handovers. To evaluate the hospital discharge process of terminally ill patients in an academic hospital in the Netherlands using the proposed method.
Data were collected from a prospective cohort of all terminally ill patients discharged from the University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands, between June and November 2014. The hospital discharges were assessed using 2 questionnaires: an inventory questionnaire, to determine the required care, and an evaluation questionnaire, to evaluate the care actually organized and the discharge handovers. The inventory questionnaire was completed prior to discharge and the evaluation questionnaire between 3 to 7 days after discharge.
Around 130 consecutive patients were included. The discharge took place on the desired date in 86% of cases and the average overall discharge grade on a 10-point scale was 7.4 (range: 3–9.5). In 23% of cases discrepancies between required and provided care were identified and medication queries existed in 29%.
This study provides a methodology to analyze the hospital discharge procedure of terminally ill patients that can be utlized in any hospital. Structured analysis of the discharge process is valuable and identifies where improvements can be made. Within the study cohort the home care could be arranged at short notice and was considered sufficient. However, in a significant proportion of patients a discrepancy between required and arranged care and queries about medication were identified.