bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focus Particles (Just, Even, And, etc.) in the Advertisements
Authors: Valančė Danguolė 
Published: August 2019

The article has been prepared by carrying out the analysis of focus particles: just, even, and, etc. It is important to note that particles play a very important role in linguistic pragmatics: they convey additional meanings called the conventional implicatures, and in that way they strengthen their effect on the consumers. First, the article discusses slogans which were advertised in January – March 2014; then, it discusses how focus particles are used in these slogans, besides the attention which is drawn to the visual advertising and invitation design. The research of advertisements and slogans has approved the prior statement just partially, and for this reason two corpora of advertisement articles (from the fields of education and medicine) were formed. They were analysed separately and later on compared in order to find out whether the focus particles are used similarly in different discourse advertisements. The comparison of the data has disclosed that the focus particles are more commonly used in the original texts related to Lithuania’s education than in the medical advertisements, which are mostly translations used to inform about new medical tools or medical treatment innovations. The research has been carried out by applying the method of corpus linguistics.
Syntax of the Verbal Predicate in the Expressions like ‘Pierwszy i Drugi Zawodnik’
Authors: Zbróg Piotr 
Published: August 2019

In the Polish language there are expressions like pierwszy i drugi, taki lub inny which consist of adjectives, numerals or pronouns constituting determiners of nouns (e.g. ten czy ów zawodnik). Some of these sequences are distributional equivalents of the compound subject owing to the reference and syntax. Such a sequence, like series subject, relates to at least two referents in the extralinguistic reality and allows the occurrence of ad formam and/or ad sensum adjustment of verbs, for example: Pierwszy i drugi zawodnik mają / ma dobry czas. The habit of adjusting the person form in the Polish language is often unstable.The article discusses chosen issues concerning features of structure and syntax requirements among the sequences which function in sentences similarly to nominal series in the function of a subject.Models of syntax adjustment of verb in various types of sequences in the modern Polish were created on the basis of quantitative and qualitative analyses. Such a formulation of the rule may be directly provided in the correctness publications which codify the modern linguistic norm.
Keeping Identity, Freedom, and Independence of Polish Exiles in Siberia in 19th Century (till 1914). Part II. Ideas on Freedom and Independence
Authors: Caban Wiesław 
Published: August 2019

First Poles were sent to Siberia in the second half of the 18th century; then, after the fall of the November Uprising (1831), about ten thousand young Poles were deported to Siberia. More than twenty thousand people were exiled after the fall of the January Uprising (1863); whereas, the beginning of 1880s saw large deportation of those who were the members of socialist parties.The majority of deportees thought that the time in exile should be devoted to self-education and self-organization; therefore, the necessity to cultivate patriotic sentiments and Catholic religion was unquestionable. Some deportees were strongly convinced that it is not enough to cultivate Polish traditions to get ready for the economic development of Poland, once the independence is regained; thus, it was necessary to take immediate steps that would bring freedom.One of the best known cases of such thinking is the so called Omsk Conspiracy. In 1833, the deportees from the Omsk region came up with a plan for an uprising, another revolt against stardom was planned in 1866 in Transbaikal; however, both of those attempts failed.
Tracing the Roots of Cognitive Linguistics in Hermann Paul’s “Principles of the History of Language”
Authors: Romanova Tatyana V. V. 
Published: August 2019

The paper examines the impact of Hermann Paul’s ideas on the development of anthropocentric cognitive linguistics in Russia and Europe. The anthropocentric and pragmatic approaches to the study of language, related, in particular, to the consideration of language as “the language of the individual” and a product of personal experience, were formulated by the German linguist Hermann Paul (1846-1921) in his Principles of the History of Language (1920). In this important work, Paul argues that language development is driven by subjective, psychological factors, acknowledging the Man’s central role in the learning process (anthropocentrism). Viewing Paul’s position from the vantage point of modern linguistics, the article seeks to establish the rightness of the cognitive school in linguistics, provides a brief overview of Paul’s key ideas and concludes that he anticipated and formulated the main principles of the cognitive approach to language, namely: language as a product of individual experience, the role of individual notions in forming a word’s meaning, analogy as a mechanism of language acquisition, metaphor as a mechanism of learning and the connection of language with other mental processes.
On Word ‘Fake’ and What Is Behind It
Authors: Luciński Kazimierz 
Published: August 2019

The paper focuses on a loanword borrowed from the English language “fake” that became very popular in the Russian soil. The author shows the derivational abilities of a word leading to the formation of new words that belong to the other parts of speech: a verb “фейковать”, an adjective “фейковый”, a noun “фейковость”. Every part of speech is analysed on the basis of paradigmatic relations, in which the word is involved, along with its sociolinguistic characteristics such as the field of use and social strata to which the native speakers belong. The author does not limit himself to an ordinary linguistic description of this loanword and its sense-correlates; instead the author tries to present socio-cultural peculiarities of reality that made possible a wide use of this loanword borrowed from the English language.
Big-Four Auditors and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Zandi Gholamreza , Sadiq Muhammad , Mohamad Shafi 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of Study: The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether firms audited by big four auditors have better financial reporting quality as compared to firms audited by non-big four auditors in Pakistan.
Methodology: This study examine whether firms are more engaged in real earnings’ management when their ability to manage accruals is constrained by big four auditors. In current study, we find that big four auditors’ have curtailed accrual- based earnings management activities in firms.
Results: However, firms audited by big four auditors are more engaged in costly real earnings’ management activities. The study used a sample of non-financial listed firms in Pakistan over the period of 2009–2016. This study contributes to the field of corporate governance, where it provides deep insight to policy-makers who are interested in improving financial reporting quality in transnational economies.
Diplomasi Politik Kesultanan Palembang Dan Kolonial Belanda Tanggal 23 Mei 1803
Authors: Ilham Muhammad 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Diplomacy, Politics, Sultanate, Colonial
This research was conducted as an effort to find out how the political diplomacy relations used by the Palembang sultan in establishing relations with Western powers, especially the Dutch Company in the archipelago. Political diplomacy is important because diplomacy is one way to foster and establish friendly relations between one person and people from other countries who aim to collaborate in various interests of the sultanate and government interests. To be able to establish relationships with one another, a device or diplomat is needed to establish the relationship. The main problem discussed in this study is to look at the Codicology, Philology, Transliteration, and Types of diplomacy in the Malay letters made by the Palembang authorities for the Dutch colonial government and also this research aims to find out what reasons and objectives to be achieved in fill in the letters. For this purpose, this type of research includes qualitative research, using secondary and primary sources. Primary sources are obtained from original texts and secondary sources in the form of books relating to the Palembang Sultanate, theses, dissertations and scientific journals. The technique of collecting data is to examine and select selectively then displayed and used in accordance with the time limit, namely the 19th century. After that, the data analysis technique uses descriptive-analytical techniques, namely to describe the full text, then analyze the meanings contained in the method and methods used is a single diplomatic edition method. After that, the writing of history to see and describe the findings in the letter with a historical approach.

Keywords: Diplomacy, Politics, Sultanate, Colonial
Resonansi Maharaja Imam Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885-1976) Di Sambas
Authors: Sunandar Sunandar 
Published: August 2019

Abstrak
Penelitian ini berjudul “Resonansi Maharaja Imam Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885-1976) dan Pengaruhnya dalam Kehidupan Sosial, Budaya, Politik di Sambas”, yaitu berangkat dari peristiwa sejarah bahwa Muhammad Basiuni Imran dilantik menjadi Maharaja Imam, sebuah jabatan agama tertinggi di kesultanan Sambas. Jabatan tersebut bersifat Ascribed Status, yakni kedudukan ini diperoleh yang disebabkan oleh keturunan, ayah dan Kakeknya adalah Maharaja Imam. Akan tetapi ketika jabatan tersebut dipegang oleh Muhammad Basiuni Imran telah terjadi perubahan-perubahan dalam masyarakat Sambas yang disebabkan oleh kondisi sosial, budaya dan politik yang terjadi di Sambas, disamping kemampuannya dalam bidang agama yang mumpuni. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sejarah yang dilakukan dengan empat tahap, yaitu: heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi dan historiografi dan menggunakan pendekatan sosial dan politik.

Abstrac
The research is about "The Resonance of Maharaja Imam Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885-1976) and Its Impact on Social, Cultural, Political Life in Sambas", which departs from historical events of Muhammad Basiuni Imran was appointed become Maharaja Imam, a highest religious position in the Sambas sultanate . The position is Ascribed Status, namely this position is obtained due to offspring, father and grandfather are Maharaja Imam. However, when the position was held by Muhammad Basiuni Imran there were changes in the Sambas community caused by social, cultural and political conditions that occurred in Sambas, in addition to his ability in the field of qualified religion. This research is a historical research conducted in four stages, namely: heuristics, verification, interpretation and historiography and using social and political approaches
En Hafif Kafes Yapı Tasarımı için Bakteri Yiyecek Arama Optimizasyon Algoritmasının Parametre Analizi
Authors: Kaymak Burak 
Published: August 2019

Topolojisi belirli kafes yapıların en hafif tasarımının elde edilmesi problemi kesit alanlarının belirlenmesine yönelik bir optimizasyon problemidir. Optimizasyon probleminin çözümünde sürü tabanlı yöntemlerden olan bakteri yiyecek arama optimizasyon algoritması tercih edilmiştir. Bu algoritmanın en hafif kafes yapı tasarımı problemlerinin çözümünde başarı ile kullanması için seçilmesi gereken parametrelerin neler olması gerektiği üzerine çalışılmıştır. Algoritmanın parametreleri ikili gruplar halinde değiştirilerek sonuca etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ek olarak algoritmadan alınacak sonuca büyük oranda etki eden adım uzunluğu parametresinin seçiminde baştan sona sabit bir değer kulanılması yerine üreme sayılarına bağlı olarak değiştirilmesi önerilmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular sonunda en hafif kafes tasarımı problemleri için uygun parametreler belirlenmiştir. Sürü tabanlı optimizasyon yöntemleri rastgele noktalardan başladıklarından her çalıştırma sonunda elde edilen sonuçlar da farklılık göstermektedir. Elde edilecek sonuçların birbirine olan yakınlığı algoritmanın kararlılığının bir göstergesidir. Çalışma sonunda ortaya çıkan parametreler kullanılarak üç örnek problem üzerinde yapılan analiz sonuçlarının varyasyon katsayılarının %0.7'nin altında olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada elde edilen bakteri yiyecek arama optimizasyon algoritması parametrelerinin en hafif kafes yapı tasarımı problemlerinde kullanılabilir olduğunu göstermektedir.
Uso potencial de la zeolita en la agricultura sustentable de la nueva revolución verde
Authors: Méndez-Argüello Bulmaro , Lira Saldivar Ricardo Hugo 
Published: August 2019

En los sistemas agrícolas emanados de la Revolución Verde, el empleo de agroquímicos sin- téticos deteriora las condiciones del suelo, debido al incremento de metales pesados, agentes tóxicos y disminuye la fertilidad natural. Además, la poca o nula incorporación de materia orgánica que proporcionan los fertilizantes inorgánicos, hace que los mi- croorganismos benéficos sean perjudicados y afecta la capacidad del suelo para retener agua y nutrientes (Solgi et al. 2018). La Nueva Revolución Verde implica una clara tendencia en promover una agricultura intensiva ecológica o sustentable, para hacer un uso eficiente de los insumos agrícolas sin deteriorar los agroecosistemas, lo que motiva la producción de alimentos con productos y tecnologías innovadoras (Martin-Guay et al. 2018). Para lograr mayor eficiencia en el uso de agroinsumos y el rendimiento de los cultivos, se requiere considerar que la absorción de nutrientes por las raíces se presenta en la zona de la rizósfera, lo que obliga a buscar nuevos productos que promuevan el crecimiento radicular y que se mantengan las condiciones óptimas para la absorción de agua y nutrientes para inducir mayor crecimiento vegetativo (Besset-Manzoni et al. 2018).
Pollinators and floral visitors of two orchids in a protected natural area in Tuxpan, Veracruz
Authors: Alanís Méndez José Luis , Ortiz Santos Luz del Carmen , Chamorro Florescano Ivette Alicia , Pech Canché Juan Manuel , Limón Francisco 
Published: August 2019

Floral visitors, particularly pollinators, are important during the life cycle of many orchids. However, despite their biological importance, this information is still unknown in many species, particularly those in mangrove forests. The aim of this research was to study the floral visitors, as well as the pollinators, of the two orchid species Myrmecophila grandifloraand Brassavola nodosa, in a protected natural area with mangrove (RAMSAR), in Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico. Ants of different genera were the floral visitors of M. grandiflora, its pollinator is the carpenter bee, Xylocopa nautlana. In B. nodosa, were observed mosquitoes and ladybugs as floral visitors, the pollinator could not be registered, but it is possible that it is a species of moth (Scopula sp.). Finally, this study provides field information about floral visitors and pollinators in two orchid species in mangrove ecosystems and the evidence for pollination.
Pengaruh Matriks Kombinasi Alginat:Gelatin (2%:1%) terhadap Karakteristik dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Mikrosfer Probiotik Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Purwanti Tutiek , Puspita Ria , Erawati Tristiana 
Published: August 2019

Pendahuluan: Mikrosfer adalah salah satu sistem penghantaran obat yang dapat digunakan untuk menghantarkan obat pada pemakaian secara oral maupun topikal. Efektivitas mikrosfer sebagai sistem penghantar obat antara lain dipengaruhi oleh polimer penyusun matriknya. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh matrik natrium alginate 2% : gelatin 1% terhadap karakteristik mikrosfer probiotik yaitu ukuran, efisiensi penjebakan, dan aktivitas antibakteri yaitu diameter zona hambatnya. Metode: Dibuat mikrosfer probiotik dengan matriks berbeda yaitu kombinasi alginate:gelatin (2%:1%) (F-I), matriks alginat 3% (F-II) dan matriks gelatin 3% (F-III). Mikrosfer probiotik dibuat dengan teknik ekstrusi dan dikeringkan menggunakan oven. Hasil: Hasil pemeriksaan karakteristik menunjukkan bahwa rerata ukuran partikel F-I, F-II, dan F-III berturut-turut adalah 8,03 µm, 9,69 µm, dan 5,40 µm. Efisiensi penjebakan F-I, F-II, dan F-III berturut-turut adalah 77,48 %, 84,20 %, dan 87,93 %. Sedangkan hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri, diperoleh diameter zona hambat F-I, F-II, dan F-III berturut-turut adalah 11,72 ± 0,58 mm , 9,8 ± 0,57 mm, dan 9,27, ± 0,19 mm. Hasil uji statistik dengan metode ANOVA yang dilanjutkan uji HSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan pada ukuran, efisiensi penjebakan maupun diameter zona hambat antara mikrosfer probiotik F-I, F-II, F-III. Kesimpulan: Disimpulkan bahwa mikrosfer probiotik F-I dengan matriks kombinasi alginat:gelatin (2%:1%) memiliki ukuran yang lebih kecil dari F-I (matriks alginat 3%) dan lebih besar dari F-III (matriks gelatin 3%). Mikrosfer probiotik F-I memiliki harga efisiensi penjebakan paling rendah, tetapi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri paling besar dibandingkan dengan mikrosfer probiotik F-II dan F-III.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Pediatric Thoracic Spine with Development of Neurological Compromise
Authors: Burkes Jonathan C. , Anderson John T. 
Published: August 2019

Case:
This report describes a 7-year-old girl with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the thoracic spine who developed neurological deterioration during nonsurgical management. She was treated with decompression and instrumented fusion followed by chemotherapy, recovered completely after surgery, and was doing well at 6-year follow-up.

Conclusions:
The best treatment of LCH of the spine is not clear, but in the setting of neurologic compromise after failing conservative management, surgical decompression with adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered.
Surgical Technique to Manage Periprosthetic Fractures of the Knee in Patients with Infected Leg Ulcers
Authors: Smitham Peter J. , Vohora Ashray , Howie Donald W. , Atkins Gerald J. , Solomon Lucian B. 
Published: August 2019

Cases:
We describe 2 cases of nonagenarians with periprosthetic knee fractures that were not amenable to either standard internal fixation nor prosthesis revision because of infected leg ulcers in the same limb. The fractures were internally fixed by percutaneous insertion of medial and lateral plates that spanned the knee. Both patients returned to their baseline level of activity without developing surgical site infections.

Conclusions:
Percutaneous bridging plates that span the knee are a useful option for treating these difficult cases.
GhYGL1d, a pentatricopeptide repeat protein, is required for chloroplast development in cotton
Authors: He Peng , Wu Shuyin , Jiang Yanli , Zhang Lihua , Tang Meiju , Xiao Guanghui , Yu Jianing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene family, which contains multiple 35-amino acid repeats, constitutes one of the largest gene families in plants. PPR proteins function in organelles to target specific transcripts and are involved in plant development and growth. However, the function of PPR proteins in cotton is still unknown.
Results: In this study, we characterized a PPR gene YELLOW-GREEN LEAF (GhYGL1d) that is required for cotton plastid development. The GhYGL1d gene has a DYW domain in C-terminal and is highly express in leaves, localized to the chloroplast fractions. GhYGL1d share high amino acid-sequence homology with AtECB2. In atecb2 mutant, overexpression of GhYGL1d rescued the seedling lethal phenotype and restored the editing of accD and ndhF transcripts. Silencing of GhYGL1d led to the reduction of chlorophyll and phenotypically yellow-green leaves in cotton. Compared with wild type, GhYGL1d-silenced cotton showed significant deformations of thylakoid structures. Furthermore, the transcription levels of plastid-encoded polymerase (PEP) and nuclear-encoded polymerase (NEP) dependent genes were decreased in GhYGL1d-silenced cotton.
Conclusions: Our data indicate that GhYGL1d not only contributes to the editing of accD and ndhF genes, but also affects the expression of NEP- and PEP-dependent genes to regulate the development of thylakoids, and therefore regulates leaf variegation in cotton.
Recombinant cold shock domain containing protein is a potential antigen to detect specific antibody during early and late infections of Haemonchus contortus in goat
Authors: Naqvi Muhammad Ali-ul-Husnain , Aimulajiang KaLiBiXiaTi , Memon Muhammad Ali , Hasan Muhammad Waqqas , Naqvi Sana Zahra , Lakho Shakeel Ahmed , Chu Wen , Xu Lixin , Song Xiaokai , Li XiangRui , Yan RuoFeng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) is the most abundant nematode causing haemonchosis with major economic losses to the small ruminant industry farming worldwide. Effective prognosis and treatment depend upon the early diagnosis of H. contortus infection. To date, no widely-approved methods are available to identify prepatent H. contortus infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of recombinant cold shock H. contortus protein (rHc-CS) during early and late infections of H .contortus in goat. Results: Purified rHc-CS exhibited a clear band, with a molecular weight about 38 kDa. No eggs of H. contortus were detected in feces collected at 14 days post infection. However, Specific anti rHc-CS antibodies were detectable in sera of all infected goats during early stage (2nd week of infection) and late stage (3rd to 14th week of infection) using immunoblotting assay. Furthermore, no cross reactivity was observed against most commonly found pathogens (Trichinella spiralis, Fasciola hepatica, and Toxoplasma gondii) and uninfected goats. The format variables for rHc-CS indirect-ELISA were optimized. The optimum antigen coating concentration was found 0.28μg/well at 37℃ 1h and overnight at 4°C. Optimum dilution ratio of serum and rabbit anti-goat IgG was recorded 1:100 and 1:4000 respectively. The best blocking buffer was 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the best time for blocking, serum incubation and TMB reaction was recorded as 60, 120 and 10 minutes respectively. The cut-off value for positive and negative interpretation was determined as 0.352 (OD450). The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the rHc-CS, both were recorded 100%. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that rHc-CS is a potential immunodiagnostic antigen to detect specific antibodies at early and late H. contortus infections in goat.