bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and Functional Changes in Ultrasonicated Oyster Protein Isolates
Authors: Yu Cuiping , Wu Fan , Cha Yue , Zou Henan , Guo Yingnan , Piao Haixin , Du Ming 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Structural and functional changes in ultrasonicated oyster protein isolates (OPI) were investigated. Ultrasound treatments were carried out with probe (20 kHz) at 200, 400 and 600 W for 15 and 30 min. The results showed that functional properties of OPI significantly improved after sonication. Absolute zeta potential and protein solubility increased by 18.40 mV and 82.5 % at 600 W for 15 min. Oil holding capacity, emulsifying activity index, emulsion stability index, foaming ability and foaming stability increased by 300 %, 15.23 m2/g, 9.24 min, 23.9 % and 14.8 % at 600 W for 30 min. However, ultrasound treatment significantly (P < 0.05) decreased particle size and water holding capacity. The conformation of OPI became stretched and unfolded after sonication. Functional improvements resulted from stretched and unfolded conformation and reduction of particle size. Controlled condition of ultrasound can produce OPI with distinct structural and functional properties, which could meet the complex needs of manufactured food products in food industry, but further study is needed to understand the specific mechanism.
Research on the Adaptive Control in Sugar Evaporative Crystallization Using LSSVM and SaDE-ELM
Authors: Meng Yanmei , Zhang Jinlai , Qin Johnny , Lan Qiliang , Xie Yanpeng , Hu Feihong 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The process of sugar evaporative crystallization is a nonlinear process with large time lag and strong coupling. It is difficult to establish a reasonable mechanism model. In this paper, we use the data driving modeling method to establish an Adaptive Control model for batch boiling sugar crystallization process. First, by analyzing the main influencing factors of the evaporative crystallization process of intermittent boiling sugar, the most important two parameters, brix and liquid level, are selected as the control object. The self-adaptive differential evolution Extreme Learning Machine (SaDE-ELM) is used to construct the control model. A least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is established and connected in the control loop to control the opening of the feed valve so that to control the feed flowrate according to the objective values of syrup Brix and liquid level. Experiments are conducted and the obtained data are used to train and verify the learning machines. Experiments indicate that the learning machines are able to realize adaptive control to key parameters of the crystallization process. Comparison of different neural networks indicates that the LSSVM performs better than BP, RBF and ELM and SaDE-ELM with prediction error of below 0.01, and training time of below 0.05 s.
Convective Air Drying of Spondias Dulcis and Product Quality
Authors: Ee Cheak Theng , Hii Ching Lik , Ong Sze Pheng , Law Chung Lim , Julkifle Advina , Tan Khang Wei , Tan Choon Hui 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Kedondong (Spondias dulcis) contains polyphenols, vitamin C and carotenoids which are beneficial to human health. Fresh kedondong has short shelf life and drying is an option to preserve the fruit in dried form to avoid spoilage. In this research, kedondong slices were dried at three temperatures (60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C) using convective air and RH was fixed at 30 %. High drying temperature facilitated faster drying rate but resulted in poor product quality when compared to freeze dried samples. Drying rates were observed only occurred within falling rates period. Effective diffusivities were estimated in the order of magnitude 10–7 - 10–9 m2/s based on Fick’s second law. Quality assessment showed that samples dried at 60 °C had the lowest hardness and the highest total polyphenols content was observed from samples dried at 80 °C. In addition, kedondong flavour note was found favourable from samples dried at 70 °C and 80 °C based on penalty analyses.
Inverse scattering for the higher order Schrödinger operator with a first order perturbation
Authors: Huang Hua , Duan Zhiwen , Zheng Quan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper concerns inverse scattering problems at a fixed energy for the higher order Schrödinger operator with the first order perturbed
potentials in dimensions

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

. We show that the scattering matrix uniquely determines the first order perturbed potentials and the zero order potentials.
“Animal spirits” and bank’s lending behaviour, a disequilibrium approach
Authors: Chiarella Carl , Di Guilmi Corrado , Zhi Tianhao 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The paper analyses from a disequilibrium perspective the role of banks’ “animal spirits” and collective behaviour in the creation of credit that, ultimately, determines the credit cycle. In particular, we propose a dynamic model to analyse how the transmission of waves of optimism and pessimism in the supply side of the credit market interacts with the business cycle. We adopt the Weidlich-Haag-Lux approach to model the opinion contagion of bankers. We test different assumptions on banks’ behaviour and find that opinion contagion and herding amongst banks play an important role in propagating the credit cycle and destabilizing the real economy. The boom phases trigger banks’ optimism that collectively lead the banks to lend excessively, thus reinforcing the credit bubble. Eventually the bubbles collapse due to an over-accumulation of debt, leading to a restrictive phase in the credit cycle.
Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Brosa Ulrich 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe general method to obtain solutions of the Maxwellian equations from scalar representatives is developed and applied to the diffraction of electromagnetic waves. Kirchhoff’s integral is modified to provide explicit expressions for these representatives. The respective integrals are then evaluated using the method of stationary phase in two dimensions. Hitherto unknown formulae for the polarization appear as well as for imaging by diffraction. Ready-to-use formulae describing Fresnel diffraction behind a round stop are presented.
Removal of Lead (II) Ion from Aqueous Solution Using Ga-Doped ZnO and Ca-Doped ZnO Nanopowder
Authors: Ghiloufi Imed , El Ghoul Jaber , Modwi Abu-Eliz , AlShunaifi Ibrahim , El Mir Lassaad 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The present work investigates the performance of Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) and Ca-doped ZnO (CZ) nanopowders as an efficient nanomaterials for the removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions. The sol–gel method was used to synthesise the nanoparticles from zinc acetate dihydrate. To incorporate Ca and Ga in ZnO, adequate quantities of calcium chloride hexahydrate and gallium nitrate hydrate were added to ZnO, and supercritical drying conditions of ethyl alcohol were used. Different Ca and Ga concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 at.%) were used to synthesise CZ and GZO. The structural and morphological properties of the as-prepared nanoparticles were determined using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Batch-mode experiments were used to remove lead from aqueous solution and to determine the adsorption equilibrium isotherms of lead ions using ZnO doped by 3 at.% of weight of Ca (CZ3) and Ga (GZO3). The effects of temperature, contact time, and pH on the removal of lead ions from aqueous solution by CZ3 and GZO3 were studied.
Region- and Cell Type-Specific Facilitation of Synaptic Function at Destination Synapses Induced by Oligodendrocyte Depolarization
Authors: Yamazaki Yoshihiko , Abe Yoshifumi , Shibata Shinsuke , Shindo Tomoko , Fujii Satoshi , Ikenaka Kazuhiro , Tanaka Kenji F. 
Published: March 2019

The axonal conduction of action potentials affects the absolute time it takes to transmit nerve impulses as well as temporal summation at destination synapses. At the physiological level, oligodendrocyte depolarization facilitates axonal conduction along myelinated fibers in the hippocampus; however, the functional significance of this facilitation is largely unknown. In this study, we examined the physiology of the facilitation of axonal conduction by investigating the changes in synaptic responses at destination synapses using male and female mice in which channelrhodopsin-2 expression was restricted to oligodendrocytes. The subiculum, one of the projection areas of the examined axons at the alveus of the hippocampus, is divided into three regions (proximal, mid, and distal) and contains two types of principal neurons: regular firing and bursting pyramidal cells. We found a significant increase in excitatory synaptic responses following optogenetic oligodendrocyte depolarization in bursting neurons at two of the three regions, but not in regular firing neurons at any region. The long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by theta burst stimulation at the synapses showing a significant increase was also enhanced after oligodendrocyte depolarization. Conversely, the reduction of oligodendrocyte depolarization during theta burst stimulation, which was achieved by photostimulation of archaerhodopsin-T expressed selectively on oligodendrocytes, reduced the magnitude of LTP. These results show that oligodendrocyte depolarization contributes to the fine control of synaptic activity between the axons they myelinate and targets subicular cells in a region- and cell type-specific manner, and suggest that oligodendrocyte depolarization during conditioning of stimuli is involved in the induction of LTP.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAll activity in the nervous system depends on the propagation of action potentials. Changes in the axonal conduction of action potentials influence the timing of synaptic transmission and information processing in neural circuits. At the physiological level, oligodendrocyte depolarization facilitates axonal conduction along myelinated fibers. In this study, we investigated the functional significance of the facilitation of axonal conduction induced by physiological oligodendrocyte depolarization. Using optogenetics and electrophysiological recordings, we demonstrated that oligodendrocyte depolarization in mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 on oligodendrocytes increased excitatory synaptic responses and enhanced the induction of long-term potentiation at destination synapses in a region- and cell type-specific manner. This facilitation may have a hitherto unappreciated influence on the transfer of information between regions in the nervous system.
Whole Genome Sequencing and Progress Toward Full Inbreeding of the Mouse Collaborative Cross Population
Authors: Shorter John R , Najarian Maya L , Bell Timothy A , Blanchard Matthew , Ferris Martin T , Hock Pablo , Kashfeen Anwica , Kirchoff Kathryn E , Linnertz Colton L , Sigmon J Sebastian , Miller Darla R , McMillan Leonard , Pardo-Manuel de Villena Fernando 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Two key features of recombinant inbred panels are well-characterized genomes and reproducibility. Here we report on the sequenced genomes of six additional Collaborative Cross (CC) strains and on inbreeding progress of 72 CC strains. We have previously reported on the sequences of 69 CC strains that were publicly available, bringing the total of CC strains with whole genome sequence up to 75. The sequencing of these six CC strains updates the efforts toward inbreeding undertaken by the UNC Systems Genetics Core. The timing reflects our competing mandates to release to the public as many CC strains as possible while achieving an acceptable level of inbreeding. The new six strains have a higher than average founder contribution from non-domesticus strains than the previously released CC strains. Five of the six strains also have high residual heterozygosity (&gt;14%), which may be related to non-domesticus founder contributions. Finally, we report on updated estimates on residual heterozygosity across the entire CC population using a novel, simple and cost effective genotyping platform on three mice from each strain. We observe a reduction in residual heterozygosity across all previously released CC strains. We discuss the optimal use of different genetic resources available for the CC population.
Cigarette Smoking Disparities Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth
Authors: Fish Jessica N. , Turner Blair , Phillips Gregory , Russell Stephen T. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND:
Using a population-based sample of youth, we examined rates of cigarette use and trends in cigarette use disparities between heterosexual youth and 3 subgroups of sexual minority youth (SMY) (ie, lesbian or gay, bisexual, and unsure) from 2005 to 2015.

METHODS:
Data are from 6 cohorts of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a national, biennial, school-based survey of ninth- to 12th-grade students in the United States (n = 404 583). Sex-stratified analyses conducted in 2017 examined trends in 2 cigarette-related behaviors: lifetime cigarette use and heavy cigarette use (20+ days in the past 30).

RESULTS:
Disparities in lifetime cigarette use between lesbian and heterosexual girls were statistically smaller in 2015 relative to 2005 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12–0.75; P = .011). Sexual orientation disparities in heavy use were narrower for bisexual boys in 2015 compared with 2005 (aOR 0.39; 95% CI 0.17–0.90; P = .028). Girls and boys unsure of their sexual identity had wider disparities in heavy use in 2015 (aOR 3.85; 95% CI 1.39–11.10; P = .009) relative to 2005 (aOR 2.44; 95% CI 1.22–5.00; P = .012).

CONCLUSIONS:
SMY remain at greater risk for cigarette-related behaviors despite greater acceptance of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people in the United States. Focused policies and programs aimed at reducing rates of SMY cigarette use are warranted, particularly for youth questioning their sexual identity.
Patrystyczny przedsiębiorca. Pojęcie działania przedsiębiorczego w świetle pism wybranych pisarzy wczesnochrześcijańskich
Authors: Niepsuj Łukasz 
Published: March 2019

W bogactwie i różnorodności myśli patrystycznej znajdujemy wiele odniesień do życia gospodarczego i przedsiębiorczego. Problematyka ta, mimo że nie zyskała u autorów wczesnochrześcijańskich spójnej formy, w postaci traktatów ekonomicznych czy nawet teologicznych, to jednak nie była im obca.W swoich pismach autorzy ci prezentują szerokie odniesienie do problemów ekonomicznych i polityki gospodarczej współczesnego im społeczeństwa. Kreślą także pewną ideę działania przedsiębiorczego, typową dla kupców i ludzi bogatych. Dostrzegają płynące z tej aktywności zarówno niebezpieczeństwa, jak i korzyści.Podkreślają, że konieczne jest nie tyle zreformowanie owego ekonomicznego mechanizmu działania kupieckiego – przedsiębiorczego, który ze swej natury był im obcy, ile bardziej dostrzeżenie potrzeby przemiany moralnej i etycznej kupca, bogacza – przedsiębiorcy, który działa w strukturze owego mechanizmu. Chodzi zatem o pogodzenie ze sobą naturalnej tendencji jednostki do bogacenia się i pomnażania dóbr z troską o jej osobiste uświęcenie i o dobro wspólne. „Patrystyczny przedsiębiorca” ma być człowiekiem cnoty, który kieruje się zasadą wzajemności, solidarności i pomocniczości. Więcej, wydaje się, że dynamizm przedsiębiorczy nie może być obcy żadnemu wierzącemu. Każdy bowiem winien mieć coś z kupieckiego, przedsiębiorczego ducha, tj. posiąść tajemnicę inwestowania, ryzyka, zysku, aby pomnażając i rozdając hojnie swoje bogactwa materialne, wzrastać w bogactwie duchowym, w cnocie i w ten sposób przemieniać gospodarczą rzeczywistość rynku.
Instytucja zaręczyn w ujęciu ks. Józefa Pelczara na podstawie prawa katolickiego
Authors: Kantor Robert 
Published: March 2019

Artykuł jest przykładem wzorcowego wyłożenia tematu przez ks. Pelczara w oparciu o aktualnie obowiązującą doktrynę prawną oraz odpowiednie kazusy ułatwiające zrozumienie tematu. Podstawowym źródłem pracy jest podręcznik ks. Józefa Sebastiana Pelczara pt. Prawo małżeńskie katolickie z uwzględnieniem prawa cywilnego obowiązującego w Ausryi, w Prusach i w Królestwie Polskim wydany w Krakowie w 1898 roku. Na treść przedłożenia składają się następujące kwestie związane z instytucją zaręczyn: wymogi do ważności zaręczyn, forma przyrzeczenia podczas zaręczyn, rodzaje zaręczyn, skutki zawartych zaręczyn, zerwanie zawartych zaręczyn, zadania proboszcza przy zawieraniu zaręczyn, rola sądu małżeńskiego w sprawach zaręczyn, odszkodowanie z powodu zerwania zaręczyn. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie czytelnikowi instytucji zaręczyn widzianej z perspektywy wykładowcy Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, późniejszego rektora tejże uczelni (1882/1883), biskupa i od 2003 roku świętego – Józefa Sebastiana Pelczara.
Aceitar, admitir e registar: notas sobre ingênuos nas aulas públicas da Bahia provincial-1877/1890
Authors: Sousa Ione Celeste 
Published: March 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa continuada sobre a escolarização dos ingênuos, e indiciando a de libertandos nas aulas públicas elementares ou de primeiras letras da Província da Bahia, entre 1871 e 1888. Utilizo como fontes documentos oriundos da série instrução pública como ofícios de inspetores litterarios; correspondências de professores/as; um mapa de aula pública de Salvador datado de 1888; Fallas e Relatórios de Presidentes da Província da Bahia e de Diretores Gerais de Instrução; circulares e avisos enviados pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Comercio e Obras Públicas do Império Brasileiro. O objetivo é indicar a presença nas aulas públicas da província da Bahia de crianças filhas livres da mulher escrava, os Ingênuos e as Ingênuas, assim delimitadas pela lei 2040 de 28 de setembro de 1871.
CrN Kaplanmış AISI 52100 Çeliğinin Atmosfer ve Vakum ortamlarında Aşınma Davranışının İncelenmesi
Authors: Kara Levent 
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada
farklı taban malzeme bias gerilimleri uygulanarak üretilen CrN kaplamalarının
morfolojik, yapısal, kimyasal ve aşınma dayanımı özellikleri incelenmiştir.
Sanayide yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan AISI 52100 çeliği taban malzeme olarak
seçilmiştir. Kaplama yöntemi olarak
fiziksel buhar biriktirme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Kaplamaların morfolojik
özellikleri taramalı elektron mikroskobu kullanılarak incelenmiştir.
Kaplamaların kristolografik yapıları X ışını difraksiyonu yöntemi kullanılarak
analiz edilmiştir. Kaplamaların kimyasal bileşenleri EDS analizi ile
incelenmiştir. Kaplamaların aşınma dayanımı özellikleri 5x10-3 mbar
vakum ve normal atmosfer ortamlarında sabit hız, süre ve yük deney
parametrelerinde disk üzeri bilye deney düzeneği kullanılarak incelenmiştir.
Aşınma hacimleri temassız optik profilometre ile ölçülmüştür. Aşınma
mekanizmaları aşınma izlerinden alınan SEM ve EDS analizleri ile karakterize
edilmiştir.

Yapılan aşınma
deneylerinden atmosfer şartlarında CrN kaplanmış bütün numuneler, kaplanmamış
numunelere göre daha düşük aşınma miktarına sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Atmosfer
koşullarında en düşük aşınma miktarı, taban malzemelere 200 Volt bias uygulanan
numunelerden elde edilirken, vakum ortamında en düşük aşınma miktarı taban
malzemelere 100 Volt bias gerilimi uygulanan numunelerden elde edilmiştir.
Atmosfer ortamında aşınma mekanizması bütün numunelerde oksidatif ve abrazif
olarak gözlemlenirken, vakum ortamında aşınma mekanizması adhezif olarak
gözlenmiştir.
İnsan Hareketleri Tabanlı Gerçek Rasgele Sayı Üretimi
Authors: Arslan Tuncer Seda , Genç Yeliz 
Published: March 2019

Gerçek rasgele
sayı üreteci (GRSÜ) ile rasgele sayı üretmek için deterministik olmayan bir
gürültü kaynağından yararlanılır. Rasgelelik derecesinin daha yüksek olması
nedeniyle GRSÜ, SRSÜ sayı üreticisinden daha güvenli sayı üretir. Bu makalede, insan
hareketleri ile rasgele sayı üreten bir GRSÜ öneriyoruz. Önerilen GRSÜ, hemen
hemen tüm insanların kullandığı mobil telefonlardaki ivme ve GPS sensörlerini
kullanmaktadır. İlk olarak, mobil telefonu taşıyan kişinin 3-D ortamdaki hareketleri
sonucunda ivme ve konum değişimleri android tabanlı bir mobil cihazdan
örneklenerek elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra, elde edilen bu işaretler,
normalizasyon işlemi uygulanarak ham sayı dizilerine dönüştürülmüştür. Son
olarak, sayı dizilerinin istatistiksel özelliklerini iyileştirmek için XOR son
işlemi uygulanmış ve rasgele sayı üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kişi yürürken, koşarken ve stabil konumda
iken sensörlerden elde edilen toplamda 15 veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Sayıların
istatistiksel özellikleri NIST test süiti, Skala İndeks ve otokorelasyon ile incelenmiştir.
Önerilen GRSÜ, cep telefonu platformu için uygun, evrensel ve düşük maliyetli
olup kişiye özgü rasgele sayı üretimi mümkündür.
Composição Proteica de Diferentes Produtos Lácteos Industrializados
Authors: Silva Carvalho Vania , Martins Rodrigues Clenia Maria , Martins Ferreira Suzane , Ribeiro Soares Nayana 
Published: March 2019

As proteínas são bastante utilizadas na indústria alimentícia para o melhoramento da textura dos produtos e são de extrema importância para a nutrição humana. Esse estudo avaliou o conteúdo de proteína total de três derivados lácteos diferentes: bebida láctea, requeijão cremoso e cream cheese, de três marcas comerciais distintas, e comparou com a rotulagem nutricional dos produtos. Todas as marcas diferiram entre si estatisticamente, com nível de significância de 95% pelo teste de Tukey. Apenas uma amostra de bebida láctea diferenciou significativamente das demais (p<0,05), enquanto que para o requeijão cremoso, as três marcas diferiram do valor descrito no rótulo e no cream cheese houve diferença nas marcas C1 e C3 (p > 0,05). Somente a marca C3 do cream cheese ficou fora dos padrões de rotulagem, as demais marcas apresentaram diferença significativa, porém estavam em conformidade com legislação brasileira vigente. Como o cream cheese não possui uma legislação brasileira específica para o conteúdo de proteína, os valores são bastante variáveis. Entretanto, em relação à rotulagem nutricional, a ANVISA preconiza que o valor real não deve exceder a 20% do valor informado. Sendo assim, é importante a fiscalização dos produtos lácteos no tocante à informação nutricional para que o consumidor seja devidamente orientado. Palavras-chave: Bebida Láctea. Rotulagem Nutricional. Cream Cheese. Abstract Proteins are widely used in the food industry for improving the texture of products and are of utmost importance for human nutrition. This study evaluated the total protein content of three different dairy products: dairy drink, cream cheese and cream cheese, from three different brands, and compared it with the nutritional labeling of the products. All the marks differed statistically, with a level of significance of 95% by the Tukey test. Only one sample of milk beverage differed significantly from the others (p <0.05), whereas for cream cheese, the three brands differed from the value described on the label and cream cheese showed differences in the marks C1 and C3 (p> 0, 05). Only the C3 brand of cream cheese was outside the labeling standards, the other brands presented significant difference, but were in compliance with current Brazilian legislation. As cream cheese does not have specific Brazilian legislation for protein content, the values are quite variable. However, in relation to nutritional labeling, ANVISA recommends that the actual value should not exceed 20% of the reported value. Therefore, it is important to monitor dairy products with regard to nutritional information for the consumer to be properly oriented. Keywords: Milk Beverage. Nutrition Facts. Cream Cheese.