bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ШЛЯХИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЯКІСНОГО РІВНЯ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Scrobach N. V. , Shapoval O. A. , Petryna V. O. , Vyshyvanyuk V. Y. 
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи – розглянути основні шляхи підвищення якісного рівня вищої освіти та застосування інноваційних педагогічних технологій під час підготовки майбутніх фахівців у системі вищої медичної освіти.Основна частина. Якісний рівень освіти значною мірою залежить від якості навчальної та навчально-методичної роботи. Перше, що тут варто було б відзначити, – це перехід на нові освітні стандарти. У кожному вищому навчальному закладі затверджені вченими радами плани заходів щодо навчально-методичного, інформаційного і матеріально-технічного забезпечення нових стандартів із усіх спеціальностей і напрямів.Кінцеву мету освіти можна представити у вигляді проектованої моделі фахівця. Головні складові такої моделі – професійні знання й уміння, соціально-психологічні й духовно-творчі якості особистості фахівця, що визначать його здатність працювати в умовах ринкових відносин, домагаючись результатів, адекватних вимогам суспільного й науково-технічного прогресу.Якщо говорити про професійні складові моделі фахівця, то, крім кваліфікаційних вимог, детально розроблених у державних стандартах, вона повинна містити в собі такі характеристики, як інтелектуальна компетентність, інтелектуальна ініціатива, самоорганізація й саморегуляція.Розробка моделі фахівця дозволить забезпечити наукове обґрунтування навчальних планів і програм, стратегії і методів виховної роботи, способів інтеграції навчального процесу і виховної роботи, що втілюють у собі принципи гуманізму. Реалізація цих принципів, відповідно до моделі випускника, стане основою формування у майбутнього фахівця таких якостей, яких вимагають нове століття, нове тисячоліття.Особистісно-орієнтована освіта має на меті забезпечення розвитку й саморозвитку особистості того, кого навчають, виходячи з його індивідуальних особливостей, і надає йому право вибору власного шляху навчання. Ця модель освіти представлена низкою як загальнопредметних технологій, так і предметних.Особистісно-орієнтована парадигма освіти обумовлює і формування нових теоретико-методологічних принципів побудови освітніх систем. Їх реалізація вимагає спеціальних зусиль щодо їх технологізації. Конструктивно-технологічною формою організації особистісно-орієнтованої концепції в освіті може служити відповідна модель навчання (розвиваючого, продуктивного, збагачуючого тощо).Висновки. Одним із основних завдань на сьогоднішньому етапі модернізації вищої медичної освіти України є впровадження компетентнісного підходу. Розв’язання цього завдання можливе за умови зміни педагогічних методик та впровадження інноваційних педагогічних технологій.
СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ФОРМУВАННЯ ВИСОКОПРОФЕСІЙНОГО ВИКЛАДАЧА В ІВАНО-ФРАНКІВСЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ
Authors: Rozhko M. M. , Ersteniuk H. M. , Kapechuk V. V. , Ivantsiv M. O. , Lutsak S. M. , Dzvonkovska V. V. , Senchii V. M. 
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи – провести аналіз ефективності підходів до формування сучасного викладача медичного університету. Основна частина. У статті висвітлено діяльність навчально-тренінгового центру для викладачів з метою підвищення професійної, мовної компетентності та володіння сучасними інноваційними технологіями навчання, що має важливе значення для підвищення ефективності освітнього процесу в університеті. Наступним етапом є впровадження в освітній процес інтерактивних платформ “OfficeMix” та “Forms”, що дасть змогу прозорого моніторингу процесу підготовки студентів до ліцензійних іспитів “Крок”.Висновок. Проведений аналіз дозволяє стверджувати, що у формуванні сучасного викладача медичного університету важливе місце належить навчально-тренінговим центрам, де використовуються напрямки з підвищення професійної, мовної компетенції та володіння інноваційними методами навчання.
Impact of Coronary Lesion Geometry on Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Kang Do-Yoon , Ahn Jung-Min , Kim Young Woo , Moon Ji Young , Lee Joon Sang , Koo Bon-Kwon , Lee Pil Hyung , Park Duk-Woo , Kang Soo-Jin , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Park Seong-Wook , Park Seung-Jung 
Published: June 2018

Background:
The impact of various coronary lesion geometries on fractional flow reserve (FFR) is poorly understood.

Methods and Results:

A total of 1552 coronary lesions in 1236 patients from a prospective Interventional Cardiology Research In-cooperation Society Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular Ultrasound registry were assessed using quantitative coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound, and FFR. Computational fluid dynamics simulation was performed for theoretical validation. Patients with complex geometries, such as longitudinal eccentricity, cross-sectional eccentricity, and surface roughness, showed significantly lower FFR values. In multivariable analysis, distal longitudinal eccentricity (adjusted odds ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.87;
P
=0.031), cross-sectional eccentricity (adjusted odds ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–2.14;
P
<0.001), and surface roughness (adjusted odds ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.32;
P
=0.033), as well as male sex, left anterior descending artery territory, proximal location, high degree of diameter stenosis, long lesion, and high plaque burden, were identified as independent predictors for significantly low FFR values (≤0.80). Computational simulation supported the impact of lesion geometry on FFR.

Conclusions:
The complex coronary lesion geometries were independently associated with reduced FFR values. The visual–functional mismatch between coronary angiography and FFR could be partly attributable to local geometric factors.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01366404.
Survival After MitraClip Treatment Compared to Surgical and Conservative Treatment for High-Surgical-Risk Patients With Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Kortlandt Friso , Velu Juliette , Schurer Remco , Hendriks Tom , Van den Branden Ben , Bouma Berto , Feldman Ted , Kelder Johannes , Bakker Annelies , Post Marco , Van der Harst Pim , Eefting Frank , Swaans Martin , Rensing Benno , Baan Jan , Van der Heyden Jan 
Published: June 2018

Background—
Survival outcome after MitraClip treatment, compared with surgical or conservative treatment, is not well defined. We examined survival after MitraClip treatment in a large multicenter real-life setting.

Methods and Results—

We retrospectively formed matched high-risk surgically and conservatively treated control cohorts to compare to a high-risk MitraClip cohort. One thousand thirty-six patients were included in 4 Dutch centers, of which 568 were treated with the MitraClip. The observed survival at 5-year follow-up in our MitraClip cohort was low (39.8%) but was comparable to our conservative cohort (40.5%). Observed 5-year survival for our surgical cohort was 76.3%. However, there were significant differences between the baseline characteristics of the 3 studied cohorts, with the MitraClip cohort having the highest comorbidity burden. After adjusting for baseline differences by using Cox regression, the MitraClip and surgical cohorts showed similar survival ratios (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.67–1.26;
P
=0.609), whereas both showed a lower mortality hazard when compared with conservative treatment (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–0.77;
P
<0.001 and hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.42–0.76;
P
<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions—
This matched analysis suggests a lower mortality hazard for MitraClip intervention in a high-risk population with symptomatic mitral regurgitation when compared with conservative management alone.
Activated Clotting Time to Guide Heparin Dosing in Non–ST-Segment–Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Treated With IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
Authors: Dillinger Jean-Guillaume , Ducrocq Gregory , Elbez Yedid , Cohen Marc , Bode Christoph , Pollack Charles , Nicolau José C. , Henry Patrick , Kedev Sasko , Wiviott Stephen D. , Sabatine Marc S. , Mehta Shamir R. , Steg Philippe Gabriel 
Published: June 2018

Background—
Monitoring anticoagulation with activated clotting time (ACT) has been proposed to reduce ischemic or bleeding events. However, the value of using ACT to improve outcomes is uncertain. This study sought to determine the relationship between ACT and outcomes during percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) treated by unfractionated heparin with GPIs (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors).

Methods and Results—

From the randomized TAO trial (Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes With Otamixaban), we analyzed the value of ACT to predict ischemic and bleeding outcomes in the 3275 patients receiving unfractionated heparin plus eptifibatide. Ischemic and safety outcomes were analyzed according to ACT to determine the best threshold. Median peak ACT was 225 s. There was no correlation (
r
=−0.02;
P
=0.24) between the unfractionated heparin dose received and the ACT value before percutaneous coronary intervention. There was no evidence of a nonlinear association between ACT and either ischemic or bleeding events (
P
=0.66;
P
=0.07). No threshold was found to predict ischemic complications. Conversely, increased bleeding was observed with ACT >230 s with an optimal threshold of ACTs ≥250 s (4.53% versus 6.17%; odds ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.06;
P
=0.028). This optimal threshold varied according to access site: ≥250 s (6.86% versus 10.18%; odds ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–2.45;
P
=0.047) by femoral approach and ≥290 s (2.86% versus 5.43%; odds ratio, 2.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–4.44;
P
=0.027) by radial approach.

Conclusions—
In the TAO trial, peak procedural ACT ≥250 s was associated with increased bleeding risk in non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome patients treated with unfractionated heparin plus GPIs. This threshold was increased to 290 s when performing radial approach.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01076764.
Extracellular Vesicle Injection Improves Myocardial Function and Increases Angiogenesis in a Swine Model of Chronic Ischemia
Authors: Potz Brittany A. , Scrimgeour Laura A. , Pavlov Vasile I. , Sodha Neel R. , Abid M. Ruhul , Sellke Frank W. 
Published: June 2018

Background

Mesenchymal stem cell–derived extracellular vesicles (
EV
s) are believed to be cardioprotective in myocardial infarct. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of human mesenchymal cell–derived
EV
injection on cardiac function, myocardial blood flow, and vessel density in the setting of chronic myocardial ischemia.

Methods and Results

Twenty‐three Yorkshire swine underwent placement of an ameroid constrictor on their left circumflex artery. Two weeks later, the animals were split into 2 groups: the control group (
CON
; n=7) and the
EV
myocardial injection group (
MVM
; n=10). The
MVM
group underwent myocardial injection of 50 μg of
EV
s in 2 mL 0.9% saline into the ischemic myocardium. Five weeks later, the pigs underwent a harvest procedure, and the left ventricular myocardium was analyzed. Absolute blood flow and the ischemic/nonischemic myocardial perfusion ratio were increased in the ischemic myocardium in the
MVM
group compared with the
CON
group. Pigs in the
MVM
group had increased capillary and arteriolar density in the ischemic myocardial tissue compared with
CON
pigs. There was an increase in expression of the phospho–mitogen‐activated protein kinase/mitogen‐activated protein kinase ratio, the phospho–endothelial nitric oxide synthase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase ratio, and total protein kinase B in the
MVM
group compared with
CON
. There was an increase in cardiac output and stroke volume in the
MVM
group compared with CON.

Conclusions

In the setting of chronic myocardial ischemia, myocardial injection of human mesenchymal cell–derived
EV
s increases blood flow to ischemic myocardial tissue by induction of capillary and arteriolar growth via activation of the protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways resulting in increased cardiac output and stroke volume.
Quantifying Infarct Growth and Secondary Injury Volumes
Authors: Harston George W.J. , Carone Davide , Sheerin Fintan , Jenkinson Mark , Kennedy James 
Published: June 2018

Background and Purpose—
Lesion expansion in the week after acute stroke involves both infarct growth (IG) and anatomic distortion (AD) because of edema and hemorrhage. Enabling separate quantification would allow clinical trials targeting these distinct pathological processes. We developed an objective and automated approach to quantify these processes at 24 hours and 1 week.

Methods—
Patients with acute ischemic stroke were scanned at presentation, 24 hours, and 1 week in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cohort study. IG and AD were calculated from follow-up lesion masks after linear and nonlinear registration to a presenting MRI scan. Performance of IG and AD was compared with edema quantified using cerebrospinal fluid displacement. The use of alternative reference images to define AD, including template MRI, mirrored MRI, and presenting computed tomographic scan, was explored.

Results—
Thirty-seven patients with nonlacunar stroke were included. AD was responsible for 20% and 36% of lesion expansion at 24 hours (n=30) and 1 week (n=28). Registration-defined IG and AD compared favorably with edema quantified using cerebrospinal fluid displacement, particularly at smaller infarct volumes. Presenting computed tomographic imaging was the preferred alternative reference image to presenting MRI for measuring AD.

Conclusions—
The contributions of IG and AD to lesion expansion can be measured separately over time through the use of image registration. This approach can be used to combine imaging outcome data from computed tomography and MRI.
Neurologic Outcome Predictors in Pediatric Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Porcari Giulia S. , Beslow Lauren A. , Ichord Rebecca N. , Licht Daniel J. , Kleinman Jonathan T. , Jordan Lori C. 
Published: June 2018

Background and Purpose—
Intracerebral hemorrhage is a considerable source of morbidity and mortality. This 3-center study describes outcomes of pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage and identifies 2-year neurological outcome predictors.

Methods—
Children 29 days to 18 years of age presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage from March 2007 to May 2015 were enrolled prospectively. Exclusion criteria included trauma; intracranial tumor; hemorrhagic transformation of arterial ischemic stroke or cerebral sinovenous thrombosis; isolated subdural, epidural, or subarachnoid hemorrhage; and abnormal baseline neurological function. Intracerebral hemorrhage and total brain volumes were measured on neuroimaging. The Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure assessed outcomes.

Results—

Sixty-nine children were included (median age: 9.7 years; interquartile range: 2.2–14). Six children (9%) died during hospitalization. Outcomes in survivors were assessed at early follow-up in 98% (median 3.1 months; interquartile range: 3.1–3.8) and at later follow-up in 94% (median: 2.1 years; interquartile range: 1.3–2.8). Over a third had a significant disability at 2 years (Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure >2). Total Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure score improved over time (
P
=0.0003), paralleling improvements in the sensorimotor subscore (
P
=0.0004). Altered mental status (odds ratio, 13; 95% confidence interval, 3.9–46;
P
<0.001), hemorrhage volume ≥4% of total brain volume (odds ratio, 17; 95% confidence interval, 1.9–156;
P
=0.01), and intensive care unit length of stay (odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–1.2;
P
=0.002) were significantly associated with poor 2-year outcome.

Conclusions—
Over one third of children experienced significant disability at 2 years. Improvements in outcomes were driven by recovery of sensorimotor function. Altered mental status, hemorrhage volume ≥4% of total brain volume, and intensive care unit length of stay were independent predictors of significant disability at 2 years.
Social Finance Funding Model for Animal Shelter Programs: Public–Private Partnerships Using Social Impact Bonds
Authors: Kim Jasper 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFunding for animal shelters is often a scarce resource, representing a major challenge affecting many shelter programs in the United States and beyond today. Funding issues and budgetary constraints are often exacerbated by the high rate of animal intake levels relative to adoption rates, the availability of resources to treat medical conditions, and funding for other related programs that may lower euthanasia rates, such as spay and neuter programs. This article proposes an alternative funding option for animal shelter programs using a unique social finance funding model incorporating public-private partnerships and social impact bonds. This social finance model is directly aimed at providing greater funding for animal shelter programs, while also increasing transparency and social impact outcomes. If utilized, the social impact bond model can complement and build upon (but not completely replace) existing funding sources that are critical to saving nonhuman animal lives while benefiting society at large.
Statecraft, Witchcraft, God’s Craft: Religious Diversity and the Forces of Law in South Africa
Authors: Burchardt Marian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLegal anthropologists and sociologists of religion increasingly recognize the importance of law in current controversies over religious diversity. Drawing on the case of South Africa, this article explores how such controversies are shaped by contestations over what counts as ‘religion’. Analyzing the historical context and emergent forms of institutional secularity from which contemporary contestations over religious diversity draw, the article explores debates and practices of classification around religion, tradition, and culture, and the ways in which these domains are co-constituted through their claims on the law: on the one hand through an analysis of religion-related jurisprudence; on the other hand through an examination of the debates on witchcraft, law, and religion. I argue that the production of judicial knowledge of ‘religion’, ‘culture’, and ‘tradition’ is tied up with contestations over the power to define the meaning of the domains. In fact, contrary to notions of constitutionality in which rights seem to exist prior to the claims made on their basis, in a fundamental sense rights struggles help to constitute the contemporary human rights dispensation. Against the Comaroffs’ claim that judicialization depoliticizes power struggles, I show that legal claims making remains vibrantly political.
When context changes
Authors: Wildfeuer Janina , Pollaroli Chiara 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper highlights the notion of dynamic context as an indispensable pragmatic aspect of multimodal argumentation and exemplifies a context-based approach to multimodal arguments with an analysis of the Mophie 2015 Super Bowl commercial. Whereas in dynamic semantics and verbal discourse analysis the notion of dynamic context and its context change potential are significant patterns for the analysis, argumentation theorists have not yet fully included these patterns in their discussions. The paper argues that multimodal argumentative genres such as commercials and movie trailers often work with a dynamically changing interpretation, which, at the end, reveals their persuasive patterns and final claims. It demonstrates that it is absolutely necessary for a detailed analysis of the argumentation in these multimodal genres to include the contextual influence and dynamic change potential. The paper thus emphasizes the need for an inclusion of the notion of dynamic context in methods and frameworks dealing with the complexity of multimodal argumentation.
Multimodal positioning and reference in argumentative talk-in-interaction
Authors: Jacquin Jérôme 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Drawing on a descriptive and language-oriented approach to argumentation, this paper explores the multimodal dimension of argumentation in talk-in-interaction by considering the various resources used by an opponent to refer to and position themselves in relation to the target of their opposition, namely the adverse position and/or the person who expressed it. More specifically, it studies how speakers exploit multimodal strategies in order to both maintain their discourse at a high level of generality (orientation to context-independency) and guarantee the indexicality of the position taken in the interaction and the disagreement (orientation to context-dependency). The analysis is based on two data collections documenting settings where all participants are temporally and spatially co-present: (i) a video-recorded corpus of Swiss French public debates and (ii) a video-recorded corpus of New Zealand English management meetings. Examining the role of multimodal orchestration of choices in gaze direction, deictic gestures, and speech in establishing different positions in argumentative events such as public debates or management meetings reveals specific contextual features of the activity types, participation frameworks, and sociolinguistic backgrounds involved in an argument.
Determining the commitments of image-makers in arguments with multimodal allusions in the front covers of The Economist
Authors: Tseronis Assimakis 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The alleged vagueness of visual images and the lack of a univocal coding scheme make it difficult to be sure about the propositions to which image-makers are committed. This is particularly problematic for the analysis of multimodal discourse from an argumentation studies perspective, because it makes it hard for the analyst to establish the argumentative nature and relevance of visuals. The paper explores how insights from Relevance Theory can be applied in order to determine the commitments of image-makers. In particular, it has recourse to the inferential processes involved in the recovery of explicit and implicit content in order to analyse a series of covers from The Economist, where visuals in combination with verbal text cue allusions to films and paintings. It argues that these multimodal allusions are not simply used to attract the audience’s attention but also help the analyst to reconstruct the argument of the cover.
Position paper on argument and multimodality
Authors: Bateman John A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This short position paper argues that new semiotically-anchored approaches to multimodality offer much for other disciplines now engaging with multimodality. In particular, the account of multimodality introduced is argued to position current discussions of the potential role of multimodality in argumentation studies more effectively, untangling several problematic distinctions drawn previously. Questions concerning the existence of visual argumentation, the necessity of propositionality, and the nature of argumentation are reconstructed from an inherently multimodal perspective.