bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Ecoinformatic Model Using Rényi's Entropy Predicts Soil Chemistry Effect on Tree Species Abundance Distributions
Authors: Xu Meng , Brush Micah 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimAn ecological community consists of species of various abundances that reflect their responses to the environmental conditions. A classic macroecological pattern, the species abundance distribution (SAD), has been studied for diverse taxa and communities and integrated into numerous modelling tools. Despite its widespread use, a mathematical model that can capture variations in the empirical SAD and describe its response to environmental changes is still lacking. By integrating the Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology (METE) with a generalised entropy called Rényi's entropy, we aim to develop a new ecoinformatic model that can predict the variation of empirical SAD along multiple environmental gradients.LocationPanama.TaxonAngiosperms.MethodsWe extend the METE using the Rényi's entropy as an uncertainty measure. We apply this extended METE, called Rényi model, to the tree abundance data from 49 plots in Panama and predict the SAD within each plot. We estimate Rényi's parameter q by fitting the predicted SAD to the empirical SAD in each plot. We further compile climate and soil data from the Panama plots and analyse their relationships with the estimated q using multiple regressions.ResultsRényi model provides adequate description of the empirical SADs and outperforms lognormal or log‐series models in 40 of the 49 tree plots, according to the Akaike information criterion. Variations in Renyi's q estimates (from 1/2 to 1) reflect shifts in the empirical SADs. Multiple regressions reveal that P, Al and NH4, three soil chemicals that are important for tree growth and species distribution, significantly affect Renyi's q across plots.Main ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the Rényi model and Rényi's q can characterise the SAD of communities under environmental changes. They also indicate the potential of using generalised entropies to predict macroecological patterns in stressed ecosystems.
Practice guideline: Statement regarding treatment for suspected slowly progressive type 1 diabetes (SPIDDM; probable) cases (English version)
Authors: Shimada Akira , Kawasaki Eiji , Abiru Norio , Awata Takuya , Oikawa Yoichi , Osawa Haruhiko , Kajio Hiroshi , Kozawa Junji , Takahashi Kazuma , Chujo Daisuke , Noso Shinsuke , Fukui Tomoyasu , Miura Junnosuke , Yasuda Kazuki , Yasuda Hisafumi , Imagawa Akihisa , Ikegami Hiroshi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInsulin treatment should be introduced in patients with slowly progressive type 1 diabetes (SPIDDM; definite), according to the revised diagnostic criteria of SPIDDM (2023). In contrast, SPIDDM (probable) patients are in a non‐insulin‐dependent state; therefore, a more flexible treatment can be considered, although sulfonylurea agents should be avoided. Insulin treatment has been shown to maintain endogenous insulin secretion capacity in SPIDDM (probable); however, this does not mean that all SPIDDM (probable) patients should use insulin from the early phase. Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and biguanides might be the treatment of choice for SPIDDM (probable), but no evidence exists for other hypoglycemic agents. In any case, careful monitoring of the endogenous insulin secretion capacity should be carried out, and if a decrease in insulin secretion capacity is suspected, a change in treatment should be considered to prevent progression to an insulin‐dependent state.
Ray‐Resorption Syndrome in European Seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Kourkouta Chara , Tsipourlianos Andreas , Papandroulakis Nikos , Moutou Katerina A. , Koumoundouros George 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFin abnormalities are common in reared fish. They mainly consist of partial to complete lack of rays and severe abnormalities of fin‐supporting skeletal elements, which develop during the larval stage, up to the completion of fin skeleton ontogeny. This study reports a new abnormal condition, ray‐resorption syndrome (RSS), which developed after the completion of fin ontogeny in initially normal European seabass larvae, leading to extensive loss of fin rays. At 49 days post‐fertilisation (dpf) (15 mm standard length, SL) all fish presented normal fins. However, nineteen days later (21 mm SL), significant fin damage, characterised by ray loss or fractures, was observed in all studied populations. The dorsal fin was most affected (55%–84%), followed by the pelvic (27%–53%) and anal fins (7%–17%). Microscopically, multiple non‐mineralised areas resembling resorption lacunae were evident along all fin lepidotrichia. By 98 dpf (40 mm SL), the fin‐ray loss had advanced, reaching its higher frequency in the dorsal (74%–83%) and caudal fins (71%–94%). Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of bglap (osteoblast maturation marker), acp5a (osteoclast maturation marker) and mmp13a (extracellular‐matrix remodelling marker) in RSS specimens. The results are discussed in respect of the possible causative factors of RSS.
Just Hitching a Ride: Stable Isotopes Reveal Non‐Feeding Behaviour of Anisakis simplex Within Its Host Fish
Authors: Sabadel Amandine , Gay Melanie , Lane Henry S. , Bourgau Odile , Bury Sarah J. , Delgado Josette , Duflot Maureen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAnisakis simplex larvae, commonly found in marine fish, cause anisakiasis in humans, resulting in gastric to gastro‐allergic symptoms. Despite known health risks, the impact of Anisakidae larvae on fish hosts is less understood. This study aimed to investigate this interaction by assessing the feeding strategy of A. simplex. Anisakis larvae were isolated from North Sea Merluccius merluccius tissues (stomach, body cavity, liver and muscle) and were analysed for carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values. Significant differences in δ13C values were found among host tissues, with the liver differing from muscle and stomach tissues. In contrast, no differences were noted for the associated parasites. Additionally, δ15N values indicated that the host occupied a significantly higher relative trophic position than its parasite. This suggests a lack of direct nutrient transfer from host to parasite, as the parasite would typically exhibit higher stable isotope values than the tissue they feed on. Therefore, A. simplex's stable isotope values might reflect those of its previous host (crustacean and/or small fish), providing insights into diet and movement of the paratenic M. merluccius host. Further research is needed to confirm these findings across different fish species and to explore A. simplex as a proxy for trophic ecology.
Inter‐Laboratory Comparison of qPCR Assays for Piscirickettsia salmonis in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) in 11 Chilean Laboratories
Authors: Peña Andrea , Rozas‐Serri Marco , Gardner Ian A. , Diethelm‐Varela Benjamin , Anguita Carla , Jerez Carlos Navarro , Mardones Fernando O. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTReal‐time PCR (qPCR) testing is an essential component of early detection surveillance systems for Piscirickettsia salmonis infection in Atlantic salmon farms in Chile. Currently, all 11 laboratories in the authorised diagnostic laboratory network use assays based on published protocols. Compared with other P. salmonis qPCR assays, these assays have the advantage of targeting two different genes, that is, the 16S ribosomal gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), potentially allowing for higher diagnostic accuracy. However, variation and lack of harmonisation of qPCR testing systems (e.g., primers/probe, RNA/DNA as target, extraction methods, etc.) may contribute to among‐laboratory variation in qPCR results and an increased frequency of false‐negative and false‐positive results. The purpose of the ring trial reported herein was to compare qPCR results from 11 laboratories in Chile routinely testing Atlantic salmon for P. salmonis as part of a national control program. The panel of 14 samples included duplicates of three concentrations of P. salmonis in a homogenised head kidney, LF89 and EM90 bacteria and two negative controls (blank and a suspension of Flavobacterium psychrophilum). The sample order was randomised across labs, samples were tested blinded and analysed without knowledge of the source lab. Of the laboratories, 8 (72.7%) had at least one incorrect result out of 14 tested samples. Low‐concentration samples (Ct of about 30) were more often incorrectly classified by reverse transcription‐qPCR (RT‐qPCR) (3/6 labs) than by qPCR (0/5). Six (54.5%) labs had at least one false‐positive result indicating that cross‐contamination was likely during sample processing. Affected laboratories are advised to conduct internal investigations to confirm the causes of false‐positive results and recommendations for design and implementation of future ring trials are discussed.
Insulin potential in preventing brain damage after traumatic brain injury: What we know
Authors: Hajikarimloo Bardia , Jabbaripour Sama , Tohidinia Amir Mohammad , Valinejad Qanati Aysan , Fahim Farzan , Javadpour Pegah , Ghasemi Rasoul 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global cause of disability and mortality. TBI results in a spectrum of primary and secondary injuries that impact neural function and overall survival. Insulin, beyond its well‐known role in regulating blood glucose levels, plays critical roles in the central nervous system (CNS). These roles include the modulation of synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter levels, neurogenesis, and neuroprotection. Central insulin resistance, a reduced sensitivity to insulin in the brain, has been observed in TBI patients. This insulin resistance impairs insulin function in the brain and increases the risk of neurodegenerative processes. This review will delve into the central role of insulin resistance in the pathological changes observed after TBI and explore the potential benefits of insulin therapy as a treatment approach for TBI.
Using ‘Situation‐Background‐Assessment‐Recommendation’ Method in Palliative Care to Enhance Handover Quality and Nursing Practice: A Mix Method Study
Authors: Pinto Floriana , Roberto Pasquale , Ferrario Lucrezia , Marotta Laura , Montani Doriana , Auletta Gaetano , Zoppini Laura , Foglia Emanuela 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the impact of using ‘Situation‐Background‐Assessment‐Recommendation’ method (‘SBAR’) in a palliative care setting.BackgroundEffective handover communication is crucial for patient safety. Standardised communication tools, such as the SBAR method, are recommended to reduce errors and improve care coordination, but their use in palliative care is not investigated.DesignMixed method study design, adhering to the GRAMMS guideline.MethodsFrom January to October 2021, a SBAR guide tailored for palliative care was developed using the Delphi method and implemented in a Hospice setting. Data on 150 nurse handovers were collected before and after implementation to assess changes in nursing outcomes, including medication errors, adverse events and the identification of psychological and spiritual needs. Nurses' perceptions on the handover process were gathered through a qualitative survey.ResultsThe SBAR guide significantly improved the handovers quality, reducing medication errors and eliminating adverse events postimplementation. The identification of psychological and spiritual needs increased during postimplementation period. Nurses also reported improved clarity, accuracy and completeness of information during handover.ConclusionThis is the first study to evaluate the impact of SBAR for handover in palliative nursing care. Findings show the added value of using communication tools.
Incidence, and maternal and neonatal outcomes following pregnancy‐associated colorectal cancer: A population‐based linked data study
Authors: Farhana Sultana , Frawley Jane , Safi Nadom , Anazodo Antoinette , Zalcberg John R. , Sullivan Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThe study aimed to describe the incidence of pregnancy‐associated colorectal cancer (PACRC) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and to examine the perinatal outcomes of women with PACRC and their babies.MethodsA population‐based cohort study was conducted using linked data from NSW. The study group comprised all women diagnosed with colorectal cancer during pregnancy (gestational CRC) or postpartum (postpartum CRC). Women who gave birth without cancer during pregnancy or postpartum formed the comparison group (no‐cancer group).ResultsA total of 123 women were diagnosed with PACRC (22 gestational, 101 postpartum), and 1 786 078 women were in the no‐cancer group. The incidence of PACRC was 6.9/100 000 women giving birth. From 1994 to 2013, the incidence significantly increased even when adjusting for maternal age (adjusted increase of 5.8% per year). Women with gestational CRC had significantly higher odds of severe maternal complications (AOR 29.27, 95% CI: 11.18–76.63) and were more likely to give birth by labor induction or no‐labor caesarean section (AOR 4.39, 95% CI: 1.50–12.84) than women in the no‐cancer group. Although babies born to women with gestational CRC did not experience congenital anomalies, they had higher odds of planned preterm birth (AOR 9.91, 95% CI: 1.99–49.21) and severe neonatal adverse outcomes (AOR 8.65, CI: 3.65–20.5) than babies of women without cancer.ConclusionsThe study found a significant increase in PACRC incidence in NSW over the study period, independent of maternal age. Increased interventions during gestational CRC births reflect management challenges with higher maternal and neonatal morbidities.
Parodying incompetence in (I)europa: Hearing glide insertion and communism in a Romanian politician's speech
Authors: Sprenger Anna‐Marie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMy paper asks which linguistic features become enregistered to a politician's image, and how this process occurs. I examine glide insertion in the speech of former Romanian Prime Minister Viorica Dăncilă and parodies of her. As parody requires exaggeration of salient features in order to be legible, I use it to investigate what is heard as salient in Dăncilă's speech. Although glide insertion is uncharacteristic of Dăncilă's speech, parodies overrepresent Dăncilă's use of the feature. To explain this, I investigate social meanings of glide insertion through metalinguistic commentary and historical memory, finding that glide insertion links Dăncilă to Romania's Communist era. Though Dăncilă rarely uses glide insertion, the feature emblematizes her political persona. Treating parodic performance as reflecting a wider listening subject, I show the listening subject's ideologies influence the enregisterment of a feature to an individual; the process by which a politician's linguistic image arises is dialogic and heavily involves listeners.
Pressure‐Induced Microvascular Reactivity With Whole Foot Loading Is Unique Across the Human Foot Sole
Authors: Howe Erika E. , Bent Leah R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFoot sole plantar pressure generates transient but habitual cutaneous ischemia, which is even more exacerbated in atypical gait patterns. Thus, adequate post‐occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) is necessary to maintain skin health. Plantar pressure regional variance during daily tasks potentially generates region‐specific PORH, crucial for ischemic defence.AimsThe current work investigated regional PORH across the human foot sole resulting from stance‐like loading.Materials & MethodsA loading device equipped with an in‐line laser speckle contrast imager measured blood flux before, during, and after whole‐foot loading for 2 and 10 min durations at 15% and 50% body weight. Flux was compared between six regions: the heel, lateral arch, medial arch, and fifth, third, and first metatarsals (MT).ResultsBaseline flux was significantly greater in the 1MT and 3MT than all other regions. Loading occluded the heel, 5MT and 3MT more than all other regions. Regional PORH peak, time to peak, area under the curve, and recovery rate were ranked between regions.DiscussionThe 3MT, followed by 5MT, overall had the strongest PORH response, suggesting a heightened protection against ischemia compared to other regions.ConclusionThis work highlights regional variations within a healthy foot, providing a framework for future ulcer risk assessments and interventions to preserve foot health.
The pathogenicity‐associated regulators participating in the regulatory cascade for RaxSTAB and RaxX in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Shao Yanan , Tang Guiyu , Zhang Jinye , Zhao Jinjia , Ruan Lifang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe RaxX sulfopeptide, secreted via a type Ι secretion system, is crucial for activating XA21‐mediated innate immunity in resistant rice lines bearing the XA21 receptor kinase. Certain pathogenicity‐associated regulators that control the expression of the raxSTAB‐raxX gene cluster have been functionally characterized, but the comprehensive regulatory cascade of RaxSTAB and RaxX in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) remains incompletely understood. Our investigation revealed that pathogenicity‐associated regulators, including HrpG, HrpX, VemR, PhoR, and Clp, form a regulatory cascade governing the expression of the raxSTAB‐raxX gene cluster. HrpG regulates the raxSTAB‐raxX gene cluster transcription through the key regulator HrpX. VemR also participates in the transcription of the raxSTAB‐raxX. The histidine kinase PhoR positively modulates raxSTAB‐raxX expression, while the global regulator Clp directly binds the raxX promoter region to promote its transcription. These findings shed light on the intricate regulatory cascade of rax‐related genes in Xoo, emphasizing the complex roles of pathogenicity‐associated regulators within the pathogenic regulatory system.
The Effectiveness of the Moyamoya Healthy Youth Application for the Salutogenesis of Adolescents With Moyamoya Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Oh Won‐Oak , Yeom Insun , Lee Anna , Han Jihee , Lee Eunji , Heo Yoo‐Jin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAdolescents with moyamoya disease can experience unexpected transient ischemic attacks, significantly impacting their daily lives. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Moyamoya Healthy Youth application for adolescents with moyamoya disease. The research employed a parallel, two‐group randomized controlled trial with a repeated measures design. A total of 64 adolescents with moyamoya disease were participated. The intervention group applied the application, whereas the wait‐list group received their usual care from an outpatient clinic. The outcome variables were assessed three times during the study, from July 2021 to March 2022. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were used to analyze results. The intervention group exhibited significant improvements in stress and health behavior. No statistically significant improvement was observed in moyamoya disease knowledge, social support, sense of coherence, depression, cortisol, and symptoms. This mobile‐based strategy empowered adolescents to monitor their health behaviors and cope with stress. This intervention is a promising strategy for health care providers to enhance self‐management skills and achieve better quality of life in such adolescents.Trial Registration: Korea Clinical Trial Registry KCT0006451. https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/21925
Thinking Theoretically in Nursing Research—Positionality and Reflexivity in an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) Study
Authors: Ugiagbe Iyore. M. , Allan Helen. T. , Traynor Michael , Collins Linda 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the application of positionality and reflexivity drawing on the experience of a British Minority Ethnic (BME) group senior nurse researching nurses with the same ethnic heritage in an IPA study. It explores how using IPA informed reflexivity and positionality as a researcher who shared the same ethnicity with the research participants. The IPA study allowed for the exploration of Internationally Educated Nurses' (IENs) perspectives on their integration into British healthcare and their navigation of career progression. The central aims of an IPA study are to understand the participant's world, its description, the development of a clear, and open interpretative analysis with a descriptive focus on the social, cultural and theoretical context, and the participant's sense‐making of their lived experience. In this paper, we discuss how the lead researcher employed reflexivity, stated his intentionality and positionality in the conduct of the IPA study. This paper discusses some examples of the effects of positionality and reflexivity in the conduct of research by researchers of different racial background, and explicate the influence of personal and professional experiences of a researcher in using reflexivity and positionality to ensure cross‐cultural validity and reliability of an IPA research. This paper concludes that appropriate use of reflexivity and positionality in an IPA study may recognise the personal and professional influence of a researcher's experiences on the research process, including their ethnicity.
Dumping syndrome: Update on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Tack Jan , Raymenants Karlien , Van de Bruaene Cedric , Scarpellini Emidio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundDumping syndrome is a complex of gastrointestinal symptoms originally studied in peptic ulcer surgery patients. At present, it is most prevalent in patients who underwent bariatric, upper gastrointestinal cancer or anti‐reflux surgery. The symptom pattern comprises early and late dumping symptoms. Several management options have been reported including nutritional, pharmacological and surgical approaches.Aims and MethodsIn this study, we aimed to review the current evidence on dumping syndrome definition, diagnosis and treatment, including preliminary data from newer pharmacological studies.ResultsCurrent pathophysiological concepts and analyses of provocative tests has led to a clear definition of dumping syndrome, including both early and late dumping symptoms. The term postbariatric hypoglycemia represents a limited focus on late dumping only. The diagnosis relies on recognition of symptoms and signs in a patient with appropriate surgical history; and can be confirmed by provocative testing or registration of spontaneous hypoglycemia. The initial treatment focuses on dietary intervention, to which meal viscosity enhancers and/or the glycosidase inhibitor acarbose can be added. The most effective therapy is the use of short‐ or long‐acting somatostatin analogues, which is however expensive and entails side effect issues. In case of refractory hypoglycemia, diazoxide or SGLT2 inhibitors can be considered, based on limited evidence. In refractory patients, continuous enteral feeding or (rarely) surgical reinterventions have been advocated, although not supported by solid evidence. Therapies under current evaluation include the broad‐spectrum somatostatin analogue pasireotide, GLP‐1 receptor antagonists, GLP‐1 receptor agonists and administration of stable forms of glucagon are currently under study.ConclusionsDumping syndrome is a well‐defined but probably under‐diagnosed complication of upper gastrointestinal, especially bariatric, and surgeries. Diagnosis is confirmed by a provocative test and incremental therapies starting with diet, adding meal viscosity enhancers or glycosidase inhibitors and adding somatostatin analogues in refractory cases. A number of emerging therapies targeting intestinal propulsion, peptide hormone effects and hypoglycemic events are under evaluation.