bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROSTHETIC LIMB USER EXPERIENCES WITH CROSSOVER FEET: A FOCUS GROUP STUDY TO EXPLORE OUTCOMES THAT MATTER
Authors: McDonald Cody L. , Cheever Sarah M. , Morgan Sara J. , Hafner Brian J. 
Published: February 2019

INTRODUCTION
A variety of prosthetic feet are available to meet the diverse needs of people with lower limb amputation. Outcome measures selected to assess comparative effectiveness of prosthetic feet are most often chosen by clinicians and researchers.1 Therefore, these measures may not reflect the outcomes that are most important to lower limb prosthesis users. Qualitative research can give voice to prosthesis users and promote the consideration of user priorities when selecting outcome measures for clinical assessment and research studies. This study explored the lived experience and outcomes of importance to individuals who have worn both traditional energy storing feet and crossover feet.
Abstract PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32042/24456
How to cite: McDonald C.L, Cheever S.M , Morgan S.J., Hafner B.J. PROSTHETIC LIMB USER EXPERIENCES WITH CROSSOVER FEET: A FOCUS GROUP STUDY TO EXPLORE OUTCOMES THAT MATTER. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, ORAL PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32042
Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the American Orthotic Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 101st National Assembly Scientific Committee.
http://www.aopanet.org/
FACTOR ANALYSIS OF UPPER LIMB PROSTHETIC ACCEPTANCE FROM RETROSPECTIVE PROSTHETIC CLINICIAN SURVEY
Authors: Stark Gerald E. 
Published: February 2019

INTRODUCTION
Upper limb prosthetic acceptance seems to be relatively unchanged from 1958 where it was measured to be 75% for transradial, 61% for transhumeral, and 35% for shoulder disarticulation levels. A practitioner survey from 2013 by the author found this to be largely unchanged at 79.6%, 57.8%, and 32.8% respectively. An upper limb meta-analysis showed that the most significant factors affecting prosthetic rejection using a median rating were function, comfort, ease of use, weight, heat, lack of sensory feedback, inconvenience, lifestyle, dissatisfaction with technology, irritation, and availability of services. An earlier survey by the author condensed these factors of rejection to amputation level, functional advantage, and comfort, and included confidence of the prosthetist, availability of therapy, and support of the patient context. Also it was speculated that the value of factors influencing rejection of prostheses may not be simply the converse of those accepting the prosthesis but different scales.
Abstract PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32045/24459
How to cite: Stark G E. FACTOR ANALYSIS OF UPPER LIMB PROSTHETIC ACCEPTANCE FROM RETROSPECTIVE PROSTHETIC CLINICIAN SURVEY. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, ORAL PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32045
Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the American Orthotic Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 101st National Assembly Scientific Committee.
http://www.aopanet.org/
New results for laser isotope separation using low-energy methods
Authors: Makarov G N 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Today, research aimed at the development of low-energy methods of molecular laser isotope separation (MLIS) is relevant and in demand. The main goal of these studies is to find efficient and cost-effective methods that can be used as the basis for the technology of laser separation of uranium isotopes, as well as other elements. To date, a number of approaches to the implementation of low-energy methods of MLIS using infrared (IR) lasers have been proposed. Many of these approaches are not well understood and/or are difficult to put into practice. Some of them are considered to be promising and require further study. These include the method of isotope-selective suppression of the clustering of molecules using IR lasers during gas-dynamic expansion at a nozzle exit and the method of isotope-selective IR dissociation of small molecular van der Waals clusters. A review of recent results obtained using these two methods is presented. The experimental facilities and research methods are briefly described, and the choice of the objects of study is substantiated. Results obtained with model SF6 and CF3Br molecules are analyzed with reference to studying the process of isotope-selective suppression of the clustering of molecules among themselves and with atoms of an argon carrier gas, as well as the process of isotope-selective IR dissociation of small homogeneous and mixed clusters of (SF6)
m
Ar
n
and (CF3Br)
m
Ar
n
(where m = 1 – 2 and 0 ⩽ n ⩽ 5 are the numbers of molecules and atoms in the clusters, respectively). The results presented suggest that these methods can be used for the separation of isotopes in molecules containing isotopes of heavy elements, which have a slight isotopic shift in the IR absorption spectra.
The Alcmaeonâ€™s School of Croton: Philosophy and Science
Authors: Santacroce Luigi , Charitos Ioannis Alexandros , Topi Skender , Bottalico Lucrezia 
Published: February 2019

Among the first physicians and physiologists at the pre-Hippocratic medicine with contradictions and oscillating doctrines was Alcmaeon from Croton in the 6th century BC. For many, he shared as the father of scientific medicine. Unfortunately, we have only eighteen texts written for him and only five fragments of texts written by him. This saved extracts and testimonies they refer mostly to physiology, epistemology and psychology. Was born in the city of Croton (ÎšÏÏŒÏ„Ï‰Î½) in Magna Graecia (southern Italy) was a reference point for the activity of physicians and philosophers over the years. Furthermore, Herodotus tells us about the excellent practice quality of the physicians, â€œcompared to all the others known in that periodâ€, among which Alcmaeon. But Croton is also famous as the centre of thought and activity of the philosopher Pythagoras of Samos (Î Ï…Î¸Î±Î³ÏŒÏÎ±Ï‚ á½ Î£Î¬Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï‚, 580-500 BC) through his Pythagorean school around 530 BC.
High‐TC Interfacial Ferromagnetism in SrMnO3/LaMnO3 Superlattices
Authors: Keunecke Marius , Lyzwa Fryderyk , Schwarzbach Danny , Roddatis Vladimir , Gauquelin Nicolas , Müller‐Caspary Knut , Verbeeck Johann , Callori Sara J. , Klose Frank , Jungbauer Markus , Moshnyaga Vasily 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHeterostructures of strongly correlated oxides demonstrate various intriguing and potentially useful interfacial phenomena. LaMnO3/SrMnO3 superlattices are presented showcasing a new high‐temperature ferromagnetic phase with Curie temperature, TC ≈360 K, caused by electron transfer from the surface of the LaMnO3 donor layer into the neighboring SrMnO3 acceptor layer. As a result, the SrMnO3 (top)/LaMnO3 (bottom) interface shows an enhancement of the magnetization as depth‐profiled by polarized neutron reflectometry. The length scale of charge transfer, λTF ≈2 unit cells, is obtained from in situ growth monitoring by optical ellipsometry, supported by optical simulations, and further confirmed by high resolution electron microscopy and spectroscopy. A model of the inhomogeneous distribution of electron density in LaMnO3/SrMnO3 layers along the growth direction is concluded to account for a complex interplay between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers in superlattices.
High Carrier Mobility, Electrical Conductivity, and Optical Transmittance in Epitaxial SrVO3 Thin Films
Authors: Mirjolet Mathieu , Sánchez Florencio , Fontcuberta Josep 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe urgent need for more performant transparent conducting electrodes is stimulating intensive research on oxide thin films based on early transition metals (e.g., V, Nb, Mo, etc.), where it is expected that the partially occupied (i.e., nd1, nd2…) conduction band will give rise to metallic conductivity. Growing thin films of these oxides typically requires an extremely low oxygen pressure. However, in growth methods involving hyperthermal kinetics (such as pulsed laser deposition), this may have severe detrimental effects on the electrical and optical properties of the film. Here, it is shown that the use of a nonreactive gas during a pulsed laser deposition process allows epitaxial SrVO3 films to be obtained with low room temperature resistivity (ρ ≈ 31 μΩ cm), large carrier mobility (μ ≈ 8.3 cm2 V−1 s−1), and large residual resistivity ratio (RRR ≈ 11.5), while improving optical transparency in the visible range. It is argued that the success of this growth strategy relies on the modulation of energetics of plasma species and a concomitant reduction of defects in the films. These findings may find applications in other oxide‐based thin film technologies (i.e., ferroelectric tunnel memories, etc.) where growth‐induced point effects may compromise functionality.
Low‐Bandgap Mixed Tin‐Lead Perovskites and Their Applications in All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Changlei , Song Zhaoning , Li Chongwen , Zhao Dewei , Yan Yanfa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEfficient organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite absorbers have gained tremendous research interest in the past decade due to their super optoelectronic properties and defect tolerance. Lead (Pb) halide perovskites enable highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 23%. However, the energy bandgaps of Pb halide perovskites are larger than the optimal bandgap for single junction solar cells, governed by the Shockley–Queisser (SQ) radiative limit. Mixed tin (Sn)‐Pb halide perovskites have drawn significant attention, since their bandgap can be tuned to below 1.2 eV, which opens a door for fabricating all‐perovskite tandem solar cells that can break the SQ radiative limit. This review summarizes the development of low‐bandgap mixed Sn‐Pb PSCs and their applications in all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. Its aim is to facilitate the development of new approaches to achieve high efficiency low‐bandgap single‐junction mixed Sn‐Pb PSCs and all‐perovskite tandem solar cells.
In Situ Back‐Contact Passivation Improves Photovoltage and Fill Factor in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tan Furui , Tan Hairen , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Wei Mingyang , Liu Mengxia , Mei Anyi , Li Peicheng , Zhang Bowen , Tan Chih‐Shan , Gong Xiwen , Zhao Yongbiao , Kirmani Ahmad R. , Huang Ziru , Fan James Z. , Quintero‐Bermudez Rafael , Kim Junghwan , Zhao Yicheng , Voznyy Oleksandr , Gao Yueyue , Zhang Feng , Richter Lee J. , Lu Zheng‐Hong , Zhang Weifeng , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have seen a rapid rise in power conversion efficiencies in recent years; however, they still suffer from interfacial recombination and charge extraction losses at interfaces between the perovskite absorber and the charge–transport layers. Here, in situ back‐contact passivation (BCP) that reduces interfacial and extraction losses between the perovskite absorber and the hole transport layer (HTL) is reported. A thin layer of nondoped semiconducting polymer at the perovskite/HTL interface is introduced and it is shown that the use of the semiconductor polymer permits—in contrast with previously studied insulator‐based passivants—the use of a relatively thick passivating layer. It is shown that a flat‐band alignment between the perovskite and polymer passivation layers achieves a high photovoltage and fill factor: the resultant BCP enables a photovoltage of 1.15 V and a fill factor of 83% in 1.53 eV bandgap PSCs, leading to an efficiency of 21.6% in planar solar cells.
Enhanced Sulfur Transformation by Multifunctional FeS2/FeS/S Composites for High‐Volumetric Capacity Cathodes in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xi Kai , He Deqing , Harris Chris , Wang Yuankun , Lai Chao , Li Huanglong , Coxon Paul R. , Ding Shujiang , Wang Chao , Kumar Ramachandran Vasant 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries are currently being explored as promising advanced energy storage systems due to the high theoretical specific capacity of sulfur. However, achieving a scalable synthesis for the sulfur electrode material whilst maintaining a high volumetric energy density remains a serious challenge. Here, a continuous ball‐milling route is devised for synthesizing multifunctional FeS2/FeS/S composites for use as high tap density electrodes. These composites demonstrate a maximum reversible capacity of 1044.7 mAh g−1 and a peak volumetric capacity of 2131.1 Ah L−1 after 30 cycles. The binding direction is also considered here for the first time between dissolved lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and host materials (FeS2 and FeS in this work) as determined by density functional theory calculations. It is concluded that if only one lithium atom of the polysulfide bonds with the sulfur atoms of FeS2 or FeS, then any chemical interaction between these species is weak or negligible. In addition, FeS2 is shown to have a strong catalytic effect on the reduction reactions of LiPSs. This work demonstrates the limitations of a strategy based on chemical interactions to improve cycling stability and offers new insights into the development of high tap density and high‐performance sulfur‐based electrodes.
Tailoring Active Sites in Mesoporous Defect‐Rich NC/Vo‐WON Heterostructure Array for Superior Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Bo , Hou Jungang , Wu Yunzhen , Cao Shuyan , Li Zhuwei , Nie Xiaowa , Gao Zhanming , Sun Licheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTailoring active sites in earth‐abundant non‐noble metal electrocatalysts are required toward widespread applications in sustainable energy fields. Herein, an integrated mesoporous heterostructure array is reported by a hydrogenation/nitridation‐induced in situ growth strategy. Highly conductive oxygen‐vacancies‐rich tungsten oxynitride (Vo‐WON) nanorod array acts as the backbone encapsulated by ultrathin nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) nanolayers, forming high‐quality shell/core NC/Vo‐WON heterostructures. Density functional theory calculations reveal that defect‐rich heterostructure arrays not only enhance the conductivity and modulate electronic structure but also promote the adsorption and dissociation of reactants and offer substantial potential sites. As expected, porous NC/Vo‐WON array exhibits a small overpotential of 16 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 33 mV per decade in alkaline media, accompanied by negligible loss upon a large current density over 100 h. Benefiting from outstanding electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performance and stability, this defective heterostructure could serve as a prominent alternative electrocatalyst for renewable energy applications.
Testing the hypothesis of loss of defenses on islands across a wide latitudinal gradient of Periploca laevigata populations
Authors: Monroy Pedro , García‐Verdugo Carlos 
Published: February 2019

Premise of the StudyWe tested a hypothesis that predicts loss of chemical defenses on island plant populations (LCDIH) as an evolutionary response to limited herbivore pressures.MethodsUsing a common garden approach, we grew 16 populations (N = 286 seedlings) of Periploca laevigata, a Mediterranean shrub for which previous studies suggested that animal browsing elicits defensive responses mediated by tannins. Our experimental setting represented a wide latitudinal gradient (37–15°N) encompassing three island systems, virtually free of large herbivores, and three mainland areas. Putative chemical defenses were estimated from tannin–protein precipitation assays, and inducible responses in growth and chemical traits were assessed between seasons and by subjecting plants to a pruning treatment.Key ResultsWe failed to find support for the LCDIH, since island populations (Canary Islands, Cape Verde) had increasingly higher constitutive levels of tannins at lower latitudes. Seasonality, but not experimental pruning, induced variation in levels of tannins in a consistent pattern across populations. Thus, net differences in leaf tannin concentration remained similar among geographical areas regardless of the factor considered, with latitude being the best explanatory factor for this trait over seasonal growth patterns.ConclusionsGeographical variation in total tannin pools appears to be mediated by factors other than herbivore pressure in P. laevigata. We hypothesize that abiotic correlates of latitude not considered in our study have promoted high constitutive levels of leaf tannins across Macaronesian populations, which ultimately may explain the pattern of seasonal variation and latitudinal increase from Mediterranean to subtropical Cape Verde populations.
Vinylic Addition Polynorbornene in Catalysis
Authors: García‐Loma Rodrigo , Albéniz Ana C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVinylic addition polynorbornenes (VA‐PNB) result from the insertion polymerization of norbornene or specific norbornene derivatives catalyzed by transition metal complexes. The VA‐PNB skeleton is completely aliphatic and keeps the bicyclic structure of norbornene. This saturated polymer is thermally and chemically very stable and it is a very robust scaffold to support catalysts or reagents for catalytic applications. Several VA‐PNBs are now available with suitable functional groups (halogen, alkenyl, carbonates) that can be used as starting materials to introduce the functionalization of choice by post‐polymerization reactions. This has been applied to anchor organocatalysts on VA‐PNB as well as ligands that can be used to synthesize supported metal catalysts. The reported examples of the use of VA‐PNB‐linked catalysts and their recyclability will be presented. VA‐PNBs have also proved useful in the context of organotin chemistry to solve the problem of tin contamination by an efficient separation and the reuse of tin byproducts. Its uses in the Stille cross‐coupling reaction and tin‐hydride radical processes will be discussed.
Improving Our Knowledge on the 229mThorium Isomer: Toward a Test Bench for Time Variations of Fundamental Constants
Authors: Thirolf Peter G. , Seiferle Benedict , von der Wense Lars 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFor more than four decades, the lowest excitation in the whole landscape of atomic nuclei, the low‐lying, isomeric state of 229Th, the so‐called thorium isomer, has challenged physicists of various disciplines. Being a solitaire with its uniquely low excitation energy of <10 eV, its predicted lifetime of a few hours results in an extremely sharp relative linewidth ΔE/E as low as 10–20. While until recently the indication of its existence was based only on indirect evidence, its unique properties inspired a multitude of potential applications, like the use of the thorium isomer as a nuclear frequency standard, potentially able to outperform even the best atomic clocks and a sensitivity‐enhanced access to potential temporal variations of fundamental constants. The various proposals to exploit the unique properties of 229mTh are presented herein, in particular focusing on its ability to serve as a test bench for time variations of fundamental constants like the fine structure constant.
Normal‐Mode Splitting in a Weakly Coupled Electromechanical System with a Mechanical Modulation
Authors: Zhang Zhu‐Cheng , Wang Yi‐Ping , Yu Ya‐Fei , Zhang Zhi‐Ming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNormal‐mode splitting (NMS) is one of the most significant manifestations of strongly coupled systems. Here, NMS is shown to occur in a weakly coupled electromechanical system. In this system, an exponentially enhanced electromechanical coupling is obtained by periodically modulating the electromechanical interaction and the mechanical spring constant. Under the mechanical modulation, an obvious NMS can occur in the fluctuation spectra of the mechanical oscillator's displacement and the output field. Besides, the Stokes and anti‐Stokes fields can also display an obvious NMS. Interestingly, the Stokes field can be changed from full absorption to significant amplification, and the anti‐Stokes field can also be enhanced significantly. Another novel feature of the results is that the intensity between the two peaks in NMS is almost zero, which means that the two peaks can be well resolved in experiments. This work presents an effective method for the generation of a well‐resolved NMS in a weakly coupled system.
The Enhanced Second‐Harmonic Generation Based on Magnetic‐Lorentz‐Force Effect
Authors: Guo Zhongyi , Li Zixiang , Guo Kai 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic coupling generates a second‐harmonic signal via the magnetic component of Lorentz force of free electrons. In this work, the enhancement of artificial second‐harmonic generation (SHG) from plasmonic metamaterial with near‐field electromagnetic coupling is theoretically investigated by performing numerical simulations in both frequency and time domains. Simulation results demonstrate that a small gap between the near‐field electric dipole and magnetic resonators could increase the electromagnetic coupling and the SHG signal. In addition, the longer the near‐field electric dipole resonator, the stronger the SHG signal emits. By tuning the geometrical parameters, it has been verified that near‐field electromagnetic coupling results in enhancement of magnetic resonance, thereby improving the SHG signal by more than 3.4 times. This research paves a way toward the design of artificial nonlinearity with metamaterials.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Silacyclobutanes with Unactivated Alkynes to Afford Silacyclohexenes
Authors: Chen Hua , Chen Yi , Tang Xiaoxiao , Liu Shunfa , Wang Runping , Hu Tianbao , Gao Lu , Song Zhenlei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA Rh‐catalyzed reaction of silacyclobutanes (SCBs) with unactivated alkynes has been developed to form silacyclohexenes with high chemoselectivity. Good enantioselectivity at the stereogenic silicon center was achieved using a chiral phosphoramidite ligand. The resulting silacyclohexenes are useful scaffolds for synthesizing structurally attractive silacyclic compounds.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Aldehydes by Hydroacylation
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Aota Yusuke , Nguyen Hillary M. H. , Dong Vy M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of chiral 4‐pentenals by olefin hydroacylation. A primary amine racemizes the aldehyde substrate via enamine formation and hydrolysis. Then, a cationic rhodium catalyst promotes hydroacylation to generate α,γ‐disubstituted cyclopentanones with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
Solvent Adaptive Dynamic Metal‐Organic Soft Hybrid for Imaging and Biological Delivery
Authors: Samanta Debabrata , Roy Syamantak , Sasmal Ranjan , Saha Nilanjana Das , K R Pradeep , Viswanatha Ranjani , Agasti Sarit S. , Maji Tapas Kumar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA solvent responsive dynamic nanoscale metal‐organic framework (NMOF) [Zn(1 a)(H2O)2] has been devised based on the self‐assembly of ZnII and asymmetric bola‐amphiphilic oligo‐(p‐phenyleneethynylene) (OPE) dicarboxylate linker 1 a having dodecyl and triethyleneglycolmonomethylether (TEG, polar) side chains. In THF solvent, NMOF showed nanovesicular morphology (NMOF‐1) with surface decorated dodecyl chains. In water and methanol, NMOF exhibited inverse‐nanovesicle (NMOF‐2) and nanoscroll (NMOF‐3) morphology, respectively, with surface projected TEG chains. The pre‐formed NMOFs also unveiled reversible solvent responsive transformation of different morphologies. The flexible NMOF showed cyan emission and no cytotoxicity, allowing live cell imaging. Cisplatin (14.4 wt %) and doxorubicin (4.1 wt %) were encapsulated in NMOF‐1 by non‐covalent interactions and, in vitro and in vivo drug release was studied. The drug loaded NMOFs exhibited micromolar cytotoxicity.