bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying spatial and temporal variation of North Pacific fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) acoustic behavior
Authors: Archer Frederick I. , Rankin Shannon , Stafford Kathleen M. , Castellote Manuel , Delarue Julien 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn order to help develop hypotheses of connectivity among North Pacific fin whales, we examine recordings from 10 regions collected in the spring and fall. We develop a Random Forest model to classify fin whale note types that avoids manual note classification errors. We also present a method that objectively quantifies the note and pattern composition of recordings. We find that fin whale recordings near Hawaii have distinctive patterns, similar to those found in other regions in the central North Pacific, suggesting potential migration pathways. Our results are consistent with previous studies that suggest there may be two different populations utilizing the Chukchi Sea and central Aleutians in the fall and mix to some degree in the southern Bering Sea. Conversely, we found little difference between spring and fall recordings in the eastern Gulf of Alaska, suggesting some residency of whales in this region. This is likely due to fine scale similarities of calls among the inshore regions of British Columbia, while offshore areas are being utilized by whales traveling from various distant areas. This study shows how our novel approach to characterize recordings is an objective and informative way to standardize spatial and temporal comparisons of fin whale recordings.
Temporal and spatial spread of Hypoderma actaeon infection in roe deer from peninsular Spain determined by an indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Panadero R. , López C. M. , Remesar S. , Cabanelas E. , Varas G. , Markina F. , Díaz P. , García‐Dios D. , Prieto A. , Fernández G. , Díez‐Baños P. , Morrondo P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe host switching of Hypoderma actaeon (Diptera: Oestridae), a specific parasite of red deer (Cervus elaphus), towards roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) has been recently reported in Spain. To provide information about the temporal and spatial spreading of H. actaeon infection in roe deer, 244 serum samples from animals hunted in Spain between 2013 and 2018 were analysed by an indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The overall seropositivity was 13.9%. Seropositivity was higher in continental (27.7%) and mountainous (12%) areas from central Spain, followed by southern‐Mediterranean (11.2%) and northern‐oceanic regions (3.5%). Differences were significant between central‐continental and northern‐oceanic regions (P = 0.003). No differences were found according to the sex and age of roe deer (P > 0.05). In 2013, all seropositive animals were concentrated in two distant areas in central and southern Spain, suggesting that the host switch could have occurred independently in both regions. Changes in the pattern of distribution of red deer and roe deer could have favoured the spreading of this myiasis towards roe deer, indicating that roe deer may become infested by H. actaeon in areas where both cervids coexist at high densities.
Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T interdigitale genotypes are associated with particular geographic areas and clinical manifestations
Authors: Taghipour Simin , Pchelin Ivan M. , Zarei Mahmoudabadi Ali , Ansari Saham , Katiraee Farzad , Rafiei Abdollah , Shokohi Tahereh , Abastabar Mahdi , Taraskina Anastasia E. , Kermani Firoozeh , Diba Kambiz , Nouripour‐Sisakht Sadegh , Najafzadeh Mohammad Javad , Pakshir Keyvan , Zomorodian Kamiar , Ahmadikia Kazem , Rezaei‐Matehkolaei Ali 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe fungi Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T interdigitale account for significant amount of dermatophytosis cases worldwide. These two dermatophytes form a species complex and have a number of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region genotypes, allowing simultaneous species identification and strain typing. Our aim was to describe the geographic distribution of T mentagrophytes/T interdigitale ITS region genotypes and find an association between the genotypes and clinical presentations of respective infections. We performed rDNA ITS region sequencing in 397 Iranian T mentagrophytes/T interdigitale isolates and analysed all available in GenBank entries with sequences of this kind. For the study, 515 clinical annotations were available. Statistical analysis was performed by chi‐squared test and Spearman rank correlation analysis. A total of 971 sequences belonged to genotypes with at least 10 geographic annotations and were classified on the basis of exclusive occurrence in a particular region or high relative contribution to a regional sample. We discerned Asian and Oceanian (“KU496915” Type V, “KT192500” Type VIII, “KU315316”), European (“FM986750” Type III, “MF926358” Type III*, “KT285210” Type VI) and cosmopolitan (“FM986691” Type I, “JX122216” Type II, “KP132819” Type II* and “AF170453” Type XXIV) genotypes. There was statistically significant difference in the ITS genotype distribution between different affected body sites. Trichophyton mentagrophytes “KT192500” Type VIII correlated with tinea cruris, T mentagrophytes “KU496915” Type V correlated with tinea corporis, T interdigitale “JX122216” Type II correlated with tinea pedis and onychomycosis. Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T interdigitale genotypes can be associated with distinct geographic locations and particular clinical presentations.
Diagnostic performance of immunohistochemistry for the aspergillosis and mucormycosis
Authors: Choi Sungim , Song Joon Seon , Kim Ji Yeun , Cha Hye Hee , Yun Ji Hyppun , Park Jung Wan , Jung Kyung Hwa , Jo Kyeong Min , Jung Jiwon , Kim Min Jae , Chong Yong Pil , Park Young Soo , Lee Sang‐Oh , Choi Sang‐Ho , Kim Yang Soo , Woo Jun Hee , Kim Sung‐Han 
Published: August 2019

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the accuracy of immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests for distinguishing between mucormycosis and aspergillosis and compare the clinical characteristics of mucormycosis patients according to galactomannan (GM) results.MethodsWe evaluated diagnostic performance of IHC test with tissue sections of patients with culture‐proven invasive fungal infection. In addition, we conducted PCR assay with tissue sections of mucormycosis patients with positive GM results to evaluate the possibility of co‐infection.ResultsIn culture‐proven mucormycosis (n = 13) and aspergillosis (n = 20), the sensitivity and specificity of IHC test were both 100% for mucormycosis and 85% and 100%, respectively, for aspergillosis. Among the 53 patients who met the modified criteria for proven mucormycosis and had GM assay results, 24 (45%) were positive. Compared with those with negative GM results (n = 29), mucormycosis patients with positive GM results had significantly higher incidence of gastrointestinal tract infections (6/24 [25%] vs 0/29 [0%], P = .006) and were more likely to be histomorphologically diagnosed as aspergillosis (7/24 [29%] vs 2/29 [7%], P = .06). PCR assay amplified both Aspergillus‐ and Mucorales‐specific DNA in 6 of these 24 cases.ConclusionsImmunohistochemistry tests seem useful for compensating for the limitations of histomorphologic diagnosis in distinguishing between mucormycosis and aspergillosis. Some proven mucormycosis patients with positive GM results had histopathology consistent with aspergillosis and gastrointestinal mucormycosis. In addition, about one quarter of these patients revealed the evidence of co‐infection with aspergillosis by PCR assay.
On elucidation of the role of mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tobore Tobore Onojighofia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex human neurodegenerative dysimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which is characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination, loss of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) integrity, neuronal loss, reactive astrogliosis, and oligodendrocyte depletion. It can result in physical disability and severe neurological and cognitive deficits. Research indicates that MS prevalence has significantly increased in many regions around the world since 1990. The specific elements that trigger MS remain unknown. In this paper, the critical role played by mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress in MS pathogenesis, progression, and clinical symptoms are elucidated. Their interactions with the key factors in the disease, as well as treatment strategies, are discussed.
Multiple and interpersonal trauma are risk factors for both post‐traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder: A systematic review on the traumatic backgrounds and clinical characteristics of comorbid post‐traumatic stress disorder/borderline personality disorder groups versus single‐disorder groups
Authors: Jowett Sally , Karatzias Thanos , Albert Idit 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundBoth borderline personality disorder (BPD) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with exposure to traumatic events and are highly comorbid. No review to date has addressed the clinical presentations and traumatic backgrounds associated with these disorders although this work is essential for the development of effective interventions.ObjectivesTo systematically explore similarities and differences in traumatic history and clinical presentation in comorbid BPD and PTSD as compared to PTSD or BPD alone.MethodThe Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and PILOTS databases were searched systematically. Eligible studies included adult populations, compared comorbid BPD/PTSD to a single disorder, and published in English.ResultsA total of 10,147 cases across 33 studies were included: 2,057 comorbid BPD/PTSD, 2,648 BPD only, and 5,442 PTSD only. The comorbid group overall reported greater exposure to multiple and interpersonal trauma and elevated emotion dysregulation compared to both single‐disorder groups. In terms of methodological quality, most papers achieved a Fair rating with improvements required in minimizing bias through recruiting adequate and representative samples, and reporting on traumatic exposure.ConclusionMultiple and interpersonal trauma might have a unique role in the development of comorbid BPD/PTSD features, particularly so for emotion dysregulation. Future research is required to unravel the unique characteristics of interpersonal trauma that can generate BPD and PTSD symptoms.Practitioner points

Practitioners should routinely assess for interpersonal trauma considering its impact.

Tackling emotion regulation difficulties might promote recovery from both PTSD and BPD symptoms.

Presence of self ‐injury might be used to discriminate between PTSD and BPD and offer suitable interventions.
Influence of a bovine respiratory disease vaccine with a temperature‐sensitive modified live or killed infectious bovine rhinotracheitis component on oestrous cycle parameters and anti‐Müllerian hormone concentration in nulliparous heifers
Authors: Widener Caitlin Lark , Graves William M. , Alward Kayla J. , Bohlen Jillian F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the impact of a bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) vaccine with a temperature‐sensitive modified live vaccine (MLV) infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) component on oestrous cycle parameters and the follicular pool. Twenty‐four Holstein heifers (12.4 ± 0.5 months) previously calfhood vaccinated with an IBR MLV component were enrolled in two replicates (Spring; n = 10 and Fall; n = 14) and were blocked by pre‐vaccination bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) serum neutralizing (SN) titres. Upon enrolment, heifers were oestrous synchronized with sampling beginning at detected oestrus. At their second heat, heifers were vaccinated with a BRDC calfhood vaccine with a MLV (MLV; n = 12) or killed (K; n = 12) IBR component and sampled for two additional cycles. Serum samples for oestrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) as well as ultrasound data of ovarian structures were collected every other day. Serum samples for anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) were collected at oestrus and mid‐cycle for each cycle, and serum for titres was collected prior to and following vaccination. Data were analysed with the PROC MIXED and GLM procedures of SAS. There was no difference in pre‐ or post‐vaccination titres between MLV and K heifers (p > .5). Vaccination had no impact on P4 concentrations, P4 area under the curve, luteal tissue area, peak E2 production or oestrous cycle length (p > .05). Cycle number did impact AMH concentration (p < .05). In MLV heifers, AMH concentration was highest in cycle 1 (p < .05) while cycles 2 and 3 did not differ (p > .05). This was also true for the K heifers in the Fall replicate (p < .05). Within cycle 2, AMH concentrations were numerically lower between vaccine types (K = 308.22 ± 33.3 pg/ml, MLV = 181.13 ± 32.9 pg/ml; p > .05). Although no differences were seen in overall cycle parameters, differences in AMH concentrations may indicate a reduction of the follicular pool following vaccination and requires further investigation.
Significance of the chemistry and morphology of diagenetic siderite in clastic rocks of the Mesozoic Scotian Basin
Authors: Pe‐Piper Georgia , Piper David J. W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSiderite (FeCO3) is a widespread minor diagenetic mineral in clastic sedimentary basins. Although eodiagenetic authigenesis of siderite is well‐known, siderite formed during burial diagenesis shows habits and chemical compositions that are poorly understood. This study tests the hypothesis that diagenetic siderite cements in sandstones in the Scotian Basin, offshore eastern Canada, show systematic variability in chemistry and habit that is a response to recrystallization and changing composition of basinal fluids. Mineral textures were determined from backscattered electron images, and chemistry mostly from electron microprobe analyses. Five chemical types of siderite are identified using k‐means cluster analysis, based on the amount of substitution of Ca, Mg and Mn for Fe. Eodiagenetic microcrystalline coated grains, concretions and intraclasts in sandstones are principally Fe‐rich siderite and locally have recrystallised to blocky equant crystals. Mesodiagenetic Mg‐rich siderite partly replaced these equant crystals and also framework mica and K‐feldspar grains, showing textural evidence for coupled dissolution–reprecipitation. Slender Mg‐rich siderite rhombs (lozenges, bladed or wheat‐seed siderite) have precipitated before and after the formation of quartz overgrowths in geochemical microenvironments. Magnesium substitution reflects Mg‐rich formation waters resulting from smectite to illite conversion. Equivalent Ca‐rich siderite occurs where sandstones overlie a Jurassic carbonate bank. Late Mn‐rich siderite has complex textures resembling those of Mississippi‐Valley type ores, with spheroidal rims, a honeycomb‐like mesh and concentric infill around secondary pores. It also occurs in veins or replacing intraclasts, post‐dating late ferroan‐calcite cements in sandstones that show strong dissolution by hot basinal brines. The Ca, Mg and Mn content of diagenetic siderite, coupled with textural evidence for recrystallization, can thus be used to track changes in ambient formation fluids. Siderite habits and chemistry described from the Scotian Basin are found in many clastic basins, suggesting that the observed recrystallization textures and variation in chemical type are of broad application.
AtHB23 participates in the gene regulatory network controlling root branching, and reveals differences between secondary and tertiary roots
Authors: Perotti María F. , Ribone Pamela A. , Cabello Julieta V. , Ariel Federico D. , Chan Raquel L. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIn Arabidopsis, lateral root (LR) development is mainly controlled by several known auxin‐regulated transcription factors (TFs). Here, we show that AtHB23 (a homeodomain‐leucine zipper I TF) participates in this intricate network. Our study of the expression pattern of AtHB23 revealed that it is transcriptionally activated in the early stages of secondary LR primordium (LRP). We found that AtHB23 directly limits the expression of LBD16, a key factor in LR initiation, and also directly induces the auxin transporter gene LAX3. We propose that this HD‐Zip I mediates the regulation of LAX3 by ARF7/19. Furthermore, AtHB23 plays distinct roles during the formation of secondary and tertiary roots, exhibiting differential expression patterns. ATHB23 is expressed throughout the tertiary root primordium, whereas it is restricted to early stages in secondary primordia, likely later repressing LBD16 in tertiary LR development and further inhibiting root emergence. Our results suggest that different genetic programs govern the formation of LRP from the main or secondary roots, thereby shaping the global dynamic architecture of the root system.
Antimicrobial resistance genes present in the faecal microbiota of free‐living Galapagos tortoises (Chelonoidis porteri)
Authors: Nieto‐Claudin Ainoa , Esperón Fernando , Blake Stephen , Deem Sharon L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR), encoded by plasmid‐mediated AMR genes (ARGs), is an increasing global public health threat. Wildlife play a fundamental role as sentinels, reservoirs and potential vectors of ARGs. For the first time in Galapagos, we have identified and quantified the presence of ARGs in free‐living giant tortoises (Chelonoidis porteri). We performed ARG analyses by quantitative PCR of faeces collected from the cloaca of 30 tortoises widely distributed across Santa Cruz Island. Validated samples (n = 28) were analysed by a panel of up to 21 different ARGs and all 28 tortoise samples were positive to one or more genes encoding resistance. Thirteen of 21 tested ARGs were present in at least one sample, and 10 tortoises (35.7%) had a multi‐resistant pattern. We recommend additional research so we may more fully understand resistance patterns across taxa and geographical locations throughout the Galapagos archipelago, and the implications of ARGs for the health of wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. In this study, we found 100% of sampled giant tortoises had ARGs present in their faeces, suggesting a large‐scale distribution of these genes within the archipelago.
Intravenous magnesium sulfate to attenuate hemodynamic changes in laparoscopic surgery: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Nygard Brian , Brickey Doug , Greenwood Jennifer 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to determine the efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate when used to attenuate hemodynamic fluctuations associated with the creation of pneumoperitoneum in adults undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Introduction:
Laparoscopic surgery has gained popularity as a result of improved patient outcomes postoperatively, but pneumoperitoneum alters the patient's physiology and hemodynamic profile during the intraoperative period. Magnesium sulfate is a non-opioid agent known for its ability to blunt the physiologic sympathetic response associated with exposure to noxious stimuli. Magnesium sulfate may be efficacious in combating undesirable hemodynamic changes associated with pneumoperitoneum.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies that included participants 18 years or older undergoing any laparoscopic surgery using pneumoperitoneum with CO2 insufflation will be considered. Studies will be excluded if patients were being treated for pheochromocytoma. Studies can employ any intravenous dosing strategy of magnesium sulfate, administered at any point in the perioperative period for the purpose of blunting the sympathetic response to creation of a pneumoperitoneum.

Methods:
A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Trip Database, MedNar, Grey Literature Report and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses will be conducted to identify both published and unpublished studies on the topic of interest. The search will be limited to studies written in English and performed on humans. Studies will be selected for review based on inclusion criteria and will be appraised by two reviewers using a standardized appraisal tool.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42019139991.
Roles of three distinct neurogenic motor patterns during pellet propulsion in guinea‐pig distal colon
Authors: Costa Marcello , Keightley Lauren J. , Wiklendt Lukasz , Hibberd Timothy J. , Arkwright John W. , Omari Taher , Wattchow David A. , Zagorodnyuk Vladimir , Brookes Simon J. H. , Dinning Phil G. , Spencer Nick J. 
Published: August 2019

Key points
Enteric neural circuits enable isolated preparations of guinea‐pig distal colon to propel solid and fluid contents by a self‐sustaining neuromechanical loop process.
In addition there are at least three neural mechanisms which are not directly involved in propulsion: cyclic motor complexes, transient neural events and distal colon migrating motor complexes.
In excised guinea‐pig colon we simultaneously recorded high resolution manometry, video‐imaging of colonic wall movements and electrophysiological recordings from smooth muscle, which enabled us to identify mechanisms that underlie the propulsion of colonic content.
The results show that the intermittent propulsion during emptying of the multiple natural faecal pellets is due to the intermittent activation of cyclic motor complexes and this is facilitated by transient neural events.
Loss or dysfunction of these activities is likely to underlie disordered gastrointestinal transit.
AbstractIt is well known that there are different patterns of electrical activity in smooth muscle cells along different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. These different patterns can be generated by myogenic and/or neurogenic mechanisms. However, what patterns of electrical activity underlie the propulsion of natural faecal content remains unknown, particularly along the large intestine, where large quantities of water are reabsorbed and semi‐solid faeces form. In this study, we developed a novel approach which enables for the first time the simultaneous recording of high resolution intraluminal manometry, electrophysiology from the smooth muscle, and spatio‐temporal video imaging of colonic wall movements. Using this approach we were able to reveal the nature of enteric neuromuscular transmission and patterns of motor activity responsible for the movement of content. Three distinct neurogenic patterns of electrical activity were recorded even in the absence of propulsive movement. These were the cyclic motor complexes (CMCs), the transient neural events (TNEs) and the slowly propagating distal colonic migrating motor complexes (DCMMCs). We present evidence that the initiation of pellet propulsion is due to a cyclic motor complex (CMC) occurring oral to the pellet. Furthermore, we discovered that the intermittent propulsion of natural faecal pellets is generated by intermittent activation of CMCs; and this propulsion is facilitated by hexamethonium‐sensitive TNEs. However, TNEs were not required for propulsion. The findings reveal the patterns of electrical activity that underlie propulsion of natural colonic content and demonstrate that propulsion is generated by a complex interplay between distinct enteric neural circuits.