bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical role of the fibroblast growth factor signalling pathway in Ewing's sarcoma octamer‐binding transcription factor 4‐mediated cell proliferation and tumorigenesis
Authors: Kim Junghoon , Kim Hyo Sun , Shim Jung‐Jae , Lee Jungwoon , Kim Ah‐young , Kim Jungho 
Published: June 2019

Certain bone and soft tissue (BST) tumours harbour a chromosomal translocation [t(6;22)(p21;q12)], which fuses the Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) gene at 22q12 with the octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 (Oct‐4) gene at 6p21, resulting in the chimeric EWS‐Oct‐4 protein that possesses high transactivation ability. Although abnormal activation of signalling pathways can lead to human cancer development, the pathways underlying these processes in human BST tumours remain poorly explored. Here, we investigated the functional significance of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling in human BST tumours. To identify the gene(s) involved in the FGF signalling pathway and potentially regulated by EWS‐Oct‐4 (also called EWS‐POU5F1), we performed RNA‐Seq analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, and xenograft assays. Treating GBS6 or ZHBTc4 cells‐expressing EWS‐Oct‐4 with the small molecule FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitors PD173074, NVPBGJ398, ponatinib, and dovitinib suppressed cellular proliferation. Gene expression analysis revealed that, among 22 Fgf and four Fgfr family members, Fgf‐4 showed the highest upregulation (by 145‐fold) in ZHBTc4 cells‐expressing EWS‐Oct‐4. Computer‐assisted analysis identified a putative EWS‐Oct‐4‐binding site at +3017/+3024, suggesting that EWS‐Oct‐4 regulates Fgf‐4 expression in human BST tumours. Fgf‐4 enhancer constructs showed that EWS‐Oct‐4 transactivated the Fgf‐4 gene reporter in vitro, and that overexpression of EWS‐Oct‐4 stimulated endogenous Fgf‐4 gene expression in vivo. Finally, PD173074 significantly decreased tumour volume in mice. Taken together, these data suggest that FGF‐4 signalling is involved in EWS‐Oct‐4‐mediated tumorigenesis, and that its inhibition impairs tumour growth in vivo significantly.
Gene duplication and subsequent functional diversification of sucrose hydrolase in Papilio xuthus
Authors: Dai X. , Li R. , Li X. , Liang Y. , Gao Y. , Xu Y. , Shi L. , Zhou Y. , Wang H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSucrose is the main product of photosynthesis in plants, providing a rich carbon and energy source for the physiological growth and development of insects. In a previous study, we identified a novel sucrose hydrolase (SUH) in the larval midgut of moths. Intriguingly, there are two copies of Suh, namely Suh1 and Suh2, in several species of butterflies. However, the biochemical characteristics of SUHs in butterflies remain unclear. In this study, we found that this duplication and subsequent diversification produced two Suh genes in Papilio xuthus. These two PxSuh genes were significantly divergent in terms of their expression pattern and enzyme properties. PxSuh messenger RNA expression was highest during the larval stage, reduced in the prepupal and pupal stages and, for PxSuh1, slightly increased again in the adult. The observed levels of PxSuh2 were overall below those of PxSuh1 amongst the development stages examined. Compared with PxSUH2, which has maintained the original gene function of maltose hydrolysis, PxSUH1 exhibits substrate specificity for sucrose with an optimum enzyme activity occurring at an alkaline pH. The data show that PxSuh1 is evolutionarily adapted for effective functioning in an alkaline digestive system. Furthermore, we find that functional diversification of Suh facilitates P. xuthus to digestive carbohydrate of host plants. Thus, our findings offer new insights into the ecological and evolutionary adaptation of digestive enzymes in butterflies.
T‐wave changes of cardiac memory caused by frequent premature ventricular contractions originating from the right ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Sakamoto Yusuke , Inden Yasuya , Okamoto Hiroya , Mamiya Keita , Tomomatsu Toshiro , Fujii Aya , Yanagisawa Satoshi , Shibata Rei , Hirai Makoto , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionCardiac memory is recognized as altered T‐waves when the sinus rhythm resumes after an abnormal myocardial activation period that recovers slowly over several weeks. The T‐wave changes after ablation of frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) as cardiac memory was not known.ObjectiveThis study identified whether cardiac memory exists after successful ablation of PVCs from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT).MethodsWe investigated 45 patients who underwent successful ablation of PVCs from RVOT and 10 patients who underwent unsuccessful ablation. We analyzed the amplitude of the T‐wave, QT intervals, and QRST time‐integral values of a 12‐lead electrocardiogram before ablation and 1 day, 3 days, and 1 month after ablation.ResultsIn the successful ablation group, the amplitude of the T‐wave and QRST time‐integral values of lead II, III, aVR, aVL, and aVF significantly changed after ablation and gradually normalized within 1 month. In addition, if the number of pre‐ablation PVCs was small, then the corresponding impact was also small. However, the greater the number of pre‐ablation PVCs, the more prominent the changes. Significant changes were not observed in the unsuccessful ablation group.ConclusionWhen ablation of PVCs from RVOT was successful, primary T‐wave changes because of cardiac memory and the gradual normalization of the amplitude of the T‐wave were observed. No significant T‐wave changes were detected after unsuccessful ablation.
Color stability and surface roughness of composite resins submitted to brushing with bleaching toothpastes: An in situ study
Authors: de Moraes Rego Roselino Lourenço , Tonani Torrieri Rafaella , Sbardelotto Cristian , Alves Amorim Ayodele , Noronha Ferraz de Arruda Carolina , Tirapelli Camila , de Carvalho Panzeri Pires‐de‐Souza Fernanda 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate, in situ, the color stability (CS) and surface roughness (SR) of composite resins after toothbrushing with whitening toothpaste.Materials and MethodsSpecimens (6 × 2 mm/) of composite resin (Tetric N‐Ceram, Z250 and Z350) were randomly fixed on thirty participants' upper molars (buccal surface). For an initial standardization (7 days), participants used a soft toothbrush and nonwhitening toothpaste (SDB ‐ Sorrisos Dentes Brancos). Initial CS (Easyshade) and SR (Surfcorder RS) measurements were performed. For SR, impressions of specimens were taken (Express, 3 M ESPE) to produce replicas in polyurethane resin (Axon F16, Abcol). Participants were randomly separated into three groups (n = 10) regarding used toothpaste (SDB; Close up White Now ‐ CWN; Colgate Luminous White ‐ CLW). After 90 days, CS and SR measurements were obtained, and data were analyzed (2‐way ANOVA, repeated measures, Bonferroni, P < .05).ResultsZ250 showed higher (P < .05) color change than Z350. Tetric N‐Ceram presented an intermediary value for ΔE, however, it also demonstrated higher SR (P < .05) after brushing with CLW, compared with SDB and CWN.ConclusionsThe SR change of composite resin after toothbrushing with a whitening toothpaste is material dependent, but the toothpaste abrasiveness does not change the CS.Clinical significanceWhitening toothpaste do not change the color stability of composites; however, it can alter the restorative composite surface roughness.
Personal Experiences and Expectations about Aggregate Outcomes
Authors: KUCHLER THERESA , ZAFAR BASIT 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTUsing novel survey data, we document that individuals extrapolate from recent personal experiences when forming expectations about aggregate economic outcomes. Recent locally experienced house price movements affect expectations about future U.S. house price changes and higher experienced house price volatility causes respondents to report a wider distribution over expected U.S. house price movements. When we exploit within‐individual variation in employment status, we find that individuals who personally experience unemployment become more pessimistic about future nationwide unemployment. The extent of extrapolation is unrelated to how informative personal experiences are, is inconsistent with risk adjustment, and is more pronounced for less sophisticated individuals.
Utilization of neurosonography for evaluation of the corpus callosum malformations in the era of fetal magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Turkyilmaz Gurcan , Sarac Sivrikoz Tugba , Erturk Emircan , Ozcan Nahit , Tatlı Burak , Karaman Birsen , Toksoy Güven , Kalelioglu İbrahim H. , Has Recep , Yuksel Atil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimWe evaluated the ability of fetal neurosonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to asses callosal anomalies (CA) and associated cranial malformations. We also aimed to determine the long‐term prognosis of the cases.MethodsThirty‐six cases of CA diagnosed combined with neurosonography and MRI between January 2012 and October 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsSeventeen of 36 fetuses were diagnosed complete agenesis of corpus callosum (CACC) (47.2%), 9 had partial agenesis of corpus callosum (PACC) (25%) and 10 was dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (DCC) (27.2%) at ultrasonography (US) examination. Fetal MRI reported 16 of cases as CACC (44.4%), 11 PACC (30.5%) and nine (25%) DCC. The overall consistency between neurosonography and MRI in the definition of CA were 91% of cases. Sulcation anomalies were present in 9 cases in the US (25%) and 11 cases in MRI (30.4%). Seven of cases showed posterior fossa abnormalities in the US (19.4%) and eight cases in MRI (22.1%). Neonatal MRI added new findings to fetal MRI and neurosonography including grade‐1 intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia in two cases (12.5%). Eighteen cases were terminated (50%), 17 cases were followed up and mean follow up interval was 39 ± 5.1 months. The neurologic outcome was abnormal in seven (41.7%) patients. Presence of associated brain anomalies worsened the prognosis.ConclusionFetal neurosonography has a comparable performance with MRI in the diagnosis of CA and associated anomalies. It should be used in collaboration with MRI to achieve accurate diagnosis which is crucial for counseling.
Key experiences of primary social groups in Unspecified Kidney Donation
Authors: Clarke Alexis , Mitchell Annie , Williams Lynsey , Kirk Adam , Auburn Tim , Price Linnie , Shorrock Jan , Chester Lucy 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundThe role of family members in directed kidney donation is well documented in the literature from both a physiological and psychosocial perspective. The experiences of families, or primary social groups (PSGs), where one member considers donating a kidney via unspecified altruistic kidney donation route (UKD) is poorly understood. This is pertinent as lack of family support has been identified as a potential contributor to donation withdrawal.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the relevant psychosocial factors underpinning completed and uncompleted donations.DesignA qualitative study using semi–structured interviews.ParticipantsQualitative interviews were conducted in the United Kingdom with 35 individuals comprising of: 11 donors who donated their kidney altruistically and 8 of their PSG members, and 11 donors who withdrew and 5 of their PSG members.ApproachInterviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Framework Analysis.ResultsTwo major themes were identified: (1) Supportability, which contained experiences fundamental to proceeding to donate, underpinned by four subthemes Acceptability, Awareness and Information, Family Risk and Ambivalence;(2) Seeking Resolution, contained discussions of experiences following either withdrawal from or completion of the donation, and comprised two sub–themes, Unfinished Business and Resolve.ConclusionsThere are key differences in the experiences between those who completed their donation and those who withdrew. It is clear from this study that UKD operates within a PSG's social framework. Clinical implications suggest interventions at the level of addressing ambivalence within the PSG and the need for promotion of better psychosocial outcomes both following completion or withdrawal from donation.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ross Lindsey J , Neville Kristen A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo review the literature on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily injections (MDI) to help the family of a 13‐year‐old girl with type 1 diabetes mellitus on MDI choose the best insulin delivery method for her to improve her glycaemic control. A literature search was performed to assess available evidence regarding CSII use versus MDI use for glycaemic control. We identified 15 relevant articles and present these, with a detailed analysis of a multicentre randomised controlled trial by Mueller‐Godeffroy et al. Although CSII use demonstrated a reduction in HbA1c (−0.18 to −0.7%) in some studies compared to MDI, this finding was not consistent across all studies. Mueller‐Godeffroy et al. did not find a statistically significant different in HbA1c between CSII and MDI patients; however, additional benefits of insulin pump therapy, including improved diabetes‐related quality of life and reduced care giver burden, were reported. Further high‐quality randomised controlled trials and long‐term data are required to assess the benefits of CSII over MDI and the longevity of these methods.
Guidewire pacing during transcatheter aortic valve implantation in a patient with complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Follansbee Christopher W. , Qureshi Athar M. , Parekh Dhaval R. , Howard Taylor S. , Kim Jeffrey J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a case of temporary guidewire pacing in a patient with Fontan anatomy during transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Temporary pacing was successfully achieved utilizing this method without complications. There is an increasing population of patients with complex congenital heart disease and expanding variety of transcatheter interventions. Due to limitations in vascular access and surgical anatomies, guidewire pacing may have a wide array of potential applications in pediatrics and the congenital heart disease population.
Energy use by the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) for dispersal by flight
Authors: Wijerathna Asha , Evenden Maya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins is a major native pest of Pinus Linnaeus (Pinaceae) in western North America. Host colonization by the mountain pine beetle is associated with an obligatory dispersal phase, during which beetles fly in search of a suitable host. Mountain pine beetles use stored energy from feeding in the natal habitat to power flight before host colonization and brood production. Lipids fuel mountain pine beetle flight, although it is not known whether other energy sources are also used during flight. In the present study, we compare the level of energy substrates, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids of individual mountain pine beetles flown on flight mills with unflown control beetles. We use a colorimetric method to measure the entire metabolite content of each individual beetle. The present study reveals that mountain pine beetles are composed of more protein and lipid than carbohydrate. Both female and male mountain pine beetles use lipids and carbohydrates as energy sources during flight. There is variation between sexes, however, in the energy substrates used for flight. Male mountain pine beetles use protein, in addition to lipids and carbohydrates, to fuel flight, whereas protein content is not different between flown and control females.
Palliative dialysis: Addressing the need for alternative dialysis delivery modes
Authors: Tentori Francesca , Hunt Abigail , Nissenson Allen R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFor some patients with kidney failure, particularly those who have limited life expectancy or severe comorbidities, the “standard” dialysis treatment regimen may be perceived as excessively burdensome and may not align well with the patient's own priorities. For such patients, a palliative approach to the provision of dialysis—whereby treatment is tailored to the needs of the individual so as to optimize quality of life and minimize disease‐related symptoms, but limit treatment burden—might offer a way to better align the delivery of care with the life goals of the patient. Here, we discuss the fundamental principles of palliative dialysis: the patients who might most benefit from this approach, treatment strategies and considerations for implementation, as well as potential barriers to its provision.
World travellers: phylogeny and biogeography of the butterfly genusLeptotes(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: Fric Zdenek F. , Maresova Jana , Kadlec Tomas , Tropek Robert , Pyrcz Tomasz W. , Wiemers Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLeptotina butterflies (Lycaenidae, Polyommatiinae) are found mostly in tropical and subtropical areas around the globe, marginally penetrating into temperate regions. Here, we investigated phylogenetic and biogeographical relationships of most representatives of the subtribe, using both likelihood and Bayesian approaches. We also estimated the timing of their diversification. And lastly, we studied phylogeographic patterns of the most widespread species,Leptotes pirithous. DNA sequences from two mitochondrial (COI, COII) and two nuclear genes (wingless, Ef1α) were analysed for 13 species of the genusLeptotesScudder and one species of the genusCyclyriusButler. Both genera together form a monophyletic clade, andCyclyriusis rooted deep insideLeptotes. Therefore, we designateCyclyriusto be a junior synonym ofLeptotes. According to our study, the genusLeptotesoriginated between the late Eocene and early Oligocene (35–31 Ma). During the Miocene it dispersed to the rest of the southern hemisphere, with further speciation events within the Indo‐Australian region, and separate radiations in the Americas and the Afrotropics.Leptotes webbianusfrom the Canary Islands turned out to be sister to the American clade from which it splitc. 12 Ma.Leptotes pirithousoriginated in Madagascarc. 4 Ma and invaded the whole of Africa and southern Europe, including numerous surrounding islands. Populations ofL. pirithousfrom Mauritius and Madagascar turned out to represent a distinct species (Leptotes durrellisp.n.) and the same applies to the Australasian populations ofLeptotes plinius(Leptotes lybasstat. rev.).This published work has been registered in ZooBank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:20308930‐988B‐4327‐A35F‐CC983D46263B.
A Scenario Approach to the Simonshaven Case
Authors: van Koppen Peter J. , Mackor Anne Ruth 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present a scenario approach and apply it to the Simonshaven case. We offer an outline in which we spell out the core notions of the scenario approach. Next, we give a summing up of criteria to assess and compare scenarios. We use examples of the Simonshaven case to illustrate how the scenario‐approach works. The last section contains a discussion of the main strengths and weaknesses of the scenario approach and a brief comparison with argumentation‐based and probabilistic approaches.
The poetics and politics of Englishes in late modernity
Authors: Bhatt Rakesh M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper argues that the ‘liberation linguistics’ perspective that Professor Kachru championed achieved two important aims: (i) it explored the creative manipulation of multilinguals’ repertoire in the late‐modern contexts of mobility and complexity; and (ii) it brought into focus the sociolinguistic inequalities engendered by a politics of conformity. Braj Kachru's teaching consistently highlighted the heterogeneity and multifunctionality of language, together with the meaning potential of variation, and his work continues to provide inspiration for the ongoing development of the field, and the ‘gloriously impure’ alchemy of English that he has bequeathed to us all.
Nationalism and the emergence of Lingala as a supranational language in DR Congo
Authors: Bokamba Eyamba G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHow particular languages emerge asde factoorde jurelinguae francae is a key issue of debate and analysis in many multilingual contexts worldwide, not least in Africa, which is home to a great many competing intra‐ and inter‐state languages in rural and urban communities. This paper discusses the status and functions of Lingala, which has now attained the level of a supranational language in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In this context, it is argued that the rise of Lingala may largely be explained with reference to its function as a distinguishing index ofcongolité(being a Congolese), as opposed to being a Rwandan or an ‘occupier’ in the DRC.
English as a naturalized African language
Authors: Kamwangamalu Nkonko M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBraj Kachru proposes a redefinition of the concept of ‘nativeness’ of English, and advanced this proposal by distinguishing between ‘genetic nativeness’ and ‘functional nativeness.’ Drawing on Kachru's framework, especially his concept of ‘functional nativeness,’ this article discusses the pragmatic realities of English in Anglophone Africa against the perennial debate on the medium of instruction in public schools in the region. It makes the case for English to be viewed as a naturalized African language, with reference to both its forms and functions.
Variation in the expression of stance across varieties of English
Authors: Mazzon Gabriella 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVariational pragmatics, one of the youngest branches of pragmatics, studies the different pragmatic values of items across varieties, and the different realisations of the same pragmatic function across varieties through different forms. Studies on (inter)subjectivity, and on pragmatically sensitive items in general, have started to include Inner Circle, Outer Circle and learners’ varieties of English, also thanks to the increased availability of computerised material. In particular, the expression of stance, one of the crucial functions of several language forms that undergo pragmaticisation, is increasingly the focus of variation studies. The paper aims at contributing to such studies, focusing on the parenthetical construction I'm afraid across texts included in the GloWbE corpus in different varieties of English. This discourse marker shows a range of stance‐expressing functions and a complex pragmaticisation path, as demonstrated by previous studies. The marker appears with widely diverging frequencies across the corpus – the study attempts to map this diversified scenario, which could point to a predominance, in different varieties of English, of different pragmatic strategies for the expression of stance.
Quotative like in the Englishes of the Outer and Expanding Circles
Authors: Davydova Julia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe study aims at revising the major dichotomy between the Outer and Expanding Circles respectively. Taking the traditional sociolinguistic model of world Englishes as a starting point of discussion, I discuss the argument that classical macrosociolinguistic descriptions of linguistic varieties are helpful accounts that have also proven to be useful heuristic devices in the study of global variation as it is attested in English. Taking the linguistic variable ‘quotatives’ for illustration, I show that the patterns of use of innovative be like are uniform in the speech of young adults with elevated levels of exposure to mass media products and apply across the Outer and Expanding Circle English board. I conclude that the careful study of users’ individual profiles in a given sociolinguistic environment also holds the key to a nuanced understanding of the major sociolinguistic and sociocognitive determinants underlying the emergence of the new forms of English.