bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated four-dimensional long term imaging enables single cell tracking within organotypic brain slices to study neurodevelopment and degeneration
Authors: Linsley Jeremy W. , Tripathi Atmiyata , Epstein Irina , Schmunk Galina , Mount Elliot , Campioni Matthew , Oza Viral , Barch Mariya , Javaherian Ashkan , Nowakowski Tomasz J. , Samsi Siddharth , Finkbeiner Steven 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurrent approaches for dynamic profiling of single cells rely on dissociated cultures, which lack important biological features existing in tissues. Organotypic slice cultures preserve aspects of structural and synaptic organisation within the brain and are amenable to microscopy, but established techniques are not well adapted for high throughput or longitudinal single cell analysis. Here we developed a custom-built, automated confocal imaging platform, with improved organotypic slice culture and maintenance. The approach enables fully automated image acquisition and four-dimensional tracking of morphological changes within individual cells in organotypic cultures from rodent and human primary tissues for at least 3 weeks. To validate this system, we analysed neurons expressing a disease-associated version of huntingtin (HTT586Q138-EGFP), and observed that they displayed hallmarks of Huntington’s disease and died sooner than controls. By facilitating longitudinal single-cell analyses of neuronal physiology, our system bridges scales necessary to attain statistical power to detect developmental and disease phenotypes.
Human brain transcriptome analysis finds region- and subject-specific expression signatures of GABAAR subunits
Authors: Sequeira Adolfo , Shen Kevin , Gottlieb Assaf , Limon Agenor 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAltered expression of GABA receptors (GABAARs) has been implicated in neurological and psychiatric disorders, but limited information about region-specific GABAAR subunit expression in healthy human brains, heteromeric assembly of major isoforms, and their collective organization across healthy individuals, are major roadblocks to understanding their role in non-physiological states. Here, by using microarray and RNA-Seq datasets—from single cell nuclei to global brain expression—from the Allen Institute, we find that transcriptional expression of GABAAR subunits is anatomically organized according to their neurodevelopmental origin. The data show a combination of complementary and mutually-exclusive expression patterns that delineate major isoforms, and which is highly stereotypical across brains from control donors. We summarize the region-specific signature of GABAR subunits per subject and its variability in a control population sample that can be used as a reference for remodeling changes during homeostatic rearrangements of GABAAR subunits after physiological, pharmacological or pathological challenges.
Fungal acetylome comparative analysis identifies an essential role of acetylation in human fungal pathogen virulence
Authors: Li Yanjian , Li Hailong , Sui Mingfei , Li Minghui , Wang Jiamei , Meng Yang , Sun Tianshu , Liang Qiaojing , Suo Chenhao , Gao Xindi , Li Chao , Li Zhuoran , Du Wei , Zhang Baihua , Sai Sixiang , Zhang Zhang , Ye Jing , Wang Hongchen , Yue Shang , Li Jiayi , Zhong Manli , Chen Changbin , Qi Shouliang , Lu Ling , Li Dancheng , Ding Chen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLysine acetylation is critical in regulating important biological processes in many organisms, yet little is known about acetylome evolution and its contribution to phenotypic diversity. Here, we compare the acetylomes of baker’s yeast and the three deadliest human fungal pathogens, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Using mass spectrometry enriched for acetylated peptides together with public data from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we show that fungal acetylomes are characterized by dramatic evolutionary dynamics and limited conservation in core biological processes. Notably, the levels of protein acetylation in pathogenic fungi correlate with their pathogenicity. Using gene knockouts and pathogenicity assays in mice, we identify deacetylases with critical roles in virulence and protein translation elongation. Finally, through mutational analysis of deactylation motifs we find evidence of positive selection at specific acetylation motifs in fungal pathogens. These results shed new light on the pathogenicity regulation mechanisms underlying the evolution of fungal acetylomes.
Chiral-induced switching of antiferromagnet spins in a confined nanowire
Authors: Kim T. H. , Han S. H. , Cho B. K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the development of spin-based electronic devices, a particular challenge is the manipulation of the magnetic state with high speed and low power consumption. Although research has focused on the current-induced spin–orbit torque based on strong spin–orbit coupling, the charge-based and the torque-driven devices have fundamental limitations: Joule heating, phase mismatching, and overshooting. In this work, we investigate numerically and theoretically alternative switching scenario of antiferromagnetic insulator in one-dimensional confined nanowire sandwiched with two electrodes. As the electric field could break inversion symmetry and induce Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and pseudo-dipole anisotropy, the resulting spiral texture takes symmetric or antisymmetric configuration due to additional coupling with the crystalline anisotropy. Therefore, by competing two spiral states, we show that the magnetization reversal of antiferromagnets is realized, which is valid in ferromagnetic counterpart. Our finding provides promising opportunities to realize the rapid and energy-efficient electrical manipulation of magnetization for future spin-based electronic devices.
NUDIX hydrolases with inorganic polyphosphate exo- and endopolyphosphatase activities in the glycosome, cytosol and nucleus of Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Cordeiro Ciro D. , Ahmed Michael A. , Windle Brian , Docampo Roberto 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei, a protist parasite that causes African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness, relies mainly on glycolysis for ATP production when in its mammalian host. Glycolysis occurs within a peroxisome-like organelle named the glycosome. Previous work from our laboratory reported the presence of significant amounts of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a polymer of three to hundreds of orthophosphate units, in the glycosomes and nucleoli of T. brucei. In this work, we identified and characterized the activity of two Nudix hydrolases (NHs), T. brucei Nudix hydrolase (TbNH) 2 and TbNH4, one located in the glycosomes and the other in the cytosol and nucleus, respectively, which can degrade polyP. We found that TbNH2 is an exopolyphosphatase with higher activity on short chain polyP, while TbNH4 is an endo- and exopolyphosphatase that has similar activity on polyP of various chain sizes. Both enzymes have higher activity at around pH 8.0. We also found that only TbNH2 can dephosphorylate ATP and ADP but with lower affinity than for polyP. Our results suggest that NHs can participate in polyP homeostasis and therefore may help control polyP levels in glycosomes, cytosol and nuclei of T. brucei.
Electromagnetic analysis of a wind turbine magnetic gearbox
Authors: Li Kang , Modaresahmadi Sina , Williams Wesley , Bird Jonathan Z. 
Published: May 2019

The design of the second stage of a 59:1 multi‐stage magnetic gearbox for a wind turbine demonstrator is presented. The multi‐stage series‐connected magnetic gearbox is composed of a 6.45 first stage and 9.14 second stage. A flux‐focusing spoke‐type rotor typology is used with a unique segmented fully laminated design. The impact of structural design changes is considered with respect to torque density. A new rotor typology is presented that enables the magnetic gearbox to be mechanically assembled first without magnets.
Comparison of different synchronous machines with stator‐side permanent magnets for industrial drive application
Authors: Lehr Marcel , Binder Andreas 
Published: May 2019

Three different synchronous machines with the permanent magnets in the stator (doubly salient permanent magnet, flux reversal permanent magnet, and flux switching permanent magnet machine) are compared for use as an industrial drive for 45 kW, 400 V Y, and 1000 …. 3000 min−1. For comparison, finite element method simulations are carried out to investigate the torque density of the machines, and the results are explained based on the magnetic co‐energy. The simulations show that the flux switching machine generates the highest torque density of the three machines. Therefore, a prototype flux switching machine is built, tested, and compared with a conventional permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with magnets on the rotor surface, the same size (stator outer diameter d so  = 314 mm, axial length l Fe  = 180 mm) and rating. The measurements indicate that the conventional PMSM and the flux switching machine have roughly equivalent electrical behaviour.
Cestode infections in non-human primates suggest the existence of zoonotic cycles in the area surrounding the Strasbourg primatology center
Authors: Greigert Valentin , Brion Nicolas , Lang Cécile , Regnard Pierrick , Pfaff Alexander W. , Abou-Bacar Ahmed , Wanert Fanélie , Dirheimer Manon , Candolfi Ermanno , Brunet Julie 
Published: May 2019

Background: Several cases of infections due to Echinococcus multilocularis, Taenia martis and Taenia crassiceps were recently described in various species of captive non-human primates (NHPs) harbored in the Strasbourg Primate Center (SPC). Furthermore, one of the first cases of human cysticercosis due to T. martis was described in the Strasbourg region. These data suggest the existence of zoonotic cycles of tapeworm infections in the direct environment of the SPC. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of larval cestode infections among intermediate and definitive hosts in the close neighborhood of the center. We analyzed carnivore mammal fecal samples as well as rodent carcasses, collected inside or near the SPC, using PCR. Furthermore, we performed serology for Echinococcus spp. and Taenia spp. on NHP sera. Results: We found that 14.5% (95% CI [8.6; 20.4]) of 138 carnivore feces were positive for E. multilocularis-DNA, as well as 25% (95% CI [5.5; 57.2]) of 12 rodent carcasses, and 5.1% (95% CI [1.4; 8.7]) for T. martis or T. crassiceps. Of all NHPs tested, 10.1% (95% CI [3.8; 16.4]) were seropositive for Echinococcus spp. and 8.2% (95% CI [1.3; 15.1]) for Taenia spp. Conclusions: Our data support the existence of zoonotic cycles of larval cestode infections in the direct environment of the primatology center affecting NHPs harbored in the SPC, potentially threatening the human population living in this area. Since this zoonotic risk is borne by local wildlife, and given the severity of these infections, it seems necessary to put in place measures to protect captive NHPs, and further studies to better assess the risk to human populations.
Effects of an 8-Week In-Season Upper Limb Elastic Band Training Programme on the Peak Power, Strength, and Throwing Velocity of Junior Handball Players
Authors: Aloui Ghaith , Hermassi Souhail , Hammami Mehrez , Gaamouri Nawel , Bouhafs El Ghali , Comfort Paul , Shephard Roy J. , Schwesig René , Chelly Mohamed Souhaiel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background Team handball is an intense sport with special requirements on technical and tactical skills as well as physical performance. The ability of handball players to make repeated powerful muscular contractions in pushing and throwing the ball is crucial to success.
Objective This study investigated the effects of elastic band training on upper body peak power output, ball throwing velocity, and local muscle volume of junior handball players.
Materials and Methods Thirty handball players (a single national-level Tunisian team) were randomly assigned to a control group (CG; n = 15) and an experimental group (EG; n = 15). Pre- and post-interventional measurements included force-velocity tests, one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and pull-over strength, ball throwing velocity in three types of throw (jumping shot, 3-step running throw, and standing throw), and anthropometric estimates of limb volumes. The EG additionally performed an elastic band training programme twice a week for 8 weeks immediately before engaging in regular handball training. The control group underwent no additional elastic band training.
Results The EG demonstrated greater improvements in absolute and relative peak power (p < 0.001; 49.3 ± 22.9 % and 47.9 ± 24.6 %, respectively), 1RM strength (p < 0.001; 25.3 ± 2.2 % and 44.1 ± 9.0 % for 1RM bench press and pull over, respectively), and throwing velocity in all three types of ball throws (p < 0.001; 25.1–26.1 %), compared to the CG (3.9–4.4 %). Limb volumes increased significantly (p = 0.001, 8.0 ± 7.5 %) in the EG, with no significant change (p = 0.175, 2.6 ± 7.0 %) in the CG.
Conclusions We conclude that additional elastic band training performed twice a week for 8 weeks improves measures relevant to game performance, particularly strength, power, and ball throwing velocity.
Update on Molecular Testing in von Willebrand Disease
Authors: Batlle Javier , Pérez-Rodríguez Almudena , Corrales Irene , Borràs Nina , Costa Pinto Joana , López-Fernández María Fernanda , Vidal Francisco ,   on behalf of PCM-EVW-ES Investigators Team
Published: May 2019

AbstractDiagnosis of von Willebrand disease (VWD) depends on personal and family history of bleeding and confirmatory laboratory testing. Currently available phenotypic tests for VWD contain potential sources for error that may distort results. Despite an exponential growth of information about the von Willebrand factor gene (VWF), the role of molecular diagnosis in VWD is still controversial. Due to the complexity and high cost of conventional molecular analyses, some investigators have recommended limiting this approach to distinguish suspected type 2N VWD from hemophilia A, type 2B from platelet-type VWD, and the exploration of type 3 VWD. New genetic methodologies and approaches are becoming available, but there is still some reluctance for their implementation in VWD diagnosis. This article discusses the pros and cons of molecular testing in VWD considering the experience obtained through the multicenter project “Molecular and Clinical Profile of VWD in Spain (PCM-EVW-ES).”
Long-Term Impact of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agent Therapy in HCV Cirrhosis: Critical Review
Authors: Fehily Sasha R. , Papaluca Tim , Thompson Alexander J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMore than 70 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. Chronic hepatitis C is associated with progressive liver fibrosis, which can result in cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV-related liver disease has been the most common indication for liver transplantation in the past decade. The development of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) that are simple, well-tolerated, and highly effective means that most people living with hepatitis C can now be cured, leading the World Health Organization to set targets for reduction in deaths due to viral hepatitis by 2030. In this review, the authors will consider the emerging data showing that curative therapy with DAAs can prevent HCV-related morbidity and mortality, with a focus on patients with HCV-related cirrhosis.
Immunosuppressive Drug Levels in Liver Transplant Recipients: Impact in Decision Making
Authors: Kourkoumpetis Themistoklis , Levitsky Josh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo prevent rejection, liver transplant providers largely base their management decisions on their clinical impression and pharmacokinetics. Clinical impression relies on assessing graft function, liver enzymes, and biopsy. High immunosuppressive drug levels, although minimizing rejection, are related to significant side effects such as nephrotoxicity and metabolic syndrome, contributing to long-term morbidity and mortality. Similarly, levels that are lower than necessary can decrease the rate of side effects with a potential toll on rejection and graft survival. Herein, the authors present an update on immunosuppressive drug level monitoring and manipulation strategies according to different scenarios and time from transplant. They also provide a brief overview of next level immunosuppression monitoring strategies that aim to properly balance rejection rates with drug side effect profiles.
The Epidemiology of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: An Update
Authors: Mahajan Anjlee , Brunson Ann , White Richard , Wun Ted 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is known to be higher in patients with malignancy as compared with the general population. It is important to understand and review the epidemiology of VTE in cancer patients because it has implications regarding treatment and prognosis. Multiple studies have shown that cancer patients who develop VTE are at higher risk for mortality. This article will focus on an update regarding the epidemiology of cancer-associated thrombosis (CT). The authors will describe factors associated with CT risk including cancer type and stage at the time of diagnosis, race and ethnicity, and cancer-directed therapy. In addition, recurrent thrombosis and the effect of thromboembolism on survival in cancer patients will also be addressed.
Generation of temperature sensitive mutations with error-prone PCR in a gene encoding a component of the spindle pole body in fission yeast
Authors: Tang Ngang Heok , Fong Chii Shyang , Masuda Hirohisa , Jourdain Isabelle , Yukawa Masashi , Toda Takashi 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants provide powerful tools for investigation of cellular functions of essential genes. We report here asimple procedure to generate ts mutations using error-prone PCR within pcp1 that encodes aspindle pole body (SPB) component in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This manipulation is not restricted to pcp1, and can be suited to any essential genes involved in other processes.
Have product substitution carbon benefits been overestimated? A sensitivity analysis of key assumptions
Authors: Harmon Mark E 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSubstitution of wood for more fossil carbon intensive building materials has been projected to result in major climate mitigation benefits often exceeding those of the forests themselves. A reexamination of the fundamental assumptions underlying these projections indicates long-term mitigation benefits related to product substitution may have been overestimated 2- to 100-fold. This suggests that while product substitution has limited climate mitigation benefits, to be effective the value and duration of the fossil carbon displacement, the longevity of buildings, and the nature of the forest supplying building materials must be considered.
Thermal conductivity enhancement of carbon@ carbon nanotube arrays and bonded carbon nanotube network
Authors: Samani Majid Kabiri , Lu Congxiang , Qinyu Kong , Khosravian Narjes , Chen George , Tan Chong Wei , Rudquist Per , Tay Beng Kang , Liu Johan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are long considered as a promising material for thermal applications. However, problems such as low volume CNT fraction abhorrent to practical applications have been raising the demand for novel architecture of this material. Here we demonstrate two fabrication methods, in which a self-assembly method for fabricating covalent-bonded CNT network (3D CNT) and another method for covalent-bonded C to CNTs (C@CNT) network, and presented both as a potential method to enhance thermal conductivity of CNT arrays. We utilized pulsed photothermal reflectance technique and using new four-layer heat conduction model based on the transmission-line theory to measure thermal conductivity of the samples. The 3D CNT with thermal conductivity of 21 W mK−1 and C@CNT with thermal conductivity of 26 W mK−1 turn out to be an excellent candidate for thermal interface material as the thermal conductivity increased by 40% and 70% respectively as compared to conventional CNT arrays. The improvement is attributed to the efficient thermal routines constructed between CNTs and secondary CNTs in 3D CNT and between C layer and CNTs in C@CNT. The other factor to improve thermal conductivity of the samples is decreasing air volume fraction in CNT arrays. Our fabrication methods provide a simple method but effective way to fabricate 3D CNT and C@CNT and extend the possibility of CNTs towards TIM application.
Ion formation in an argon and argon-oxygen gas mixture of a magnetron sputtering discharge
Authors: Hippler R , Cada M , Stranak V , Hubicka Z 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Formation of singly and doubly charged Ar
q+ and Ti
q+ (q = 1,2) and of molecular Ar

2

+

, ArTi+, and Ti

2

+

ions in a direct current magnetron sputtering discharge with a Ti cathode and argon as working gas was investigated with the help of energy-resolved mass spectrometry. Measured ion energy distributions consist of low-energy and high-energy components resembling different formation processes. Intensities of Ar

2

+

and ArTi+ dimer ions strongly increase with increasing gas pressure. Addition of oxygen gas leads to the formation of positively charged O+,

O

2

+

, and TiO+ and of negatively charged O− and

O

2

−

ions.
Utility of NKX3.1 Immunostaining in the Detection of Metastatic Prostatic Carcinoma on Fine-Needle Aspiration Smears
Authors: Gan Qiong , Joseph Cicily T , Guo Ming , Zhang Miao , Sun Xiaoping , Gong Yun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
NK3 homeobox 1 (NKX3.1) has been increasingly used to diagnose metastatic prostatic carcinoma in histologic samples. However, its utility and reliability in cytologic direct smears have not been studied.

Methods
A total of 59 fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cases with a definitive diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma from the prostate were included. The cases were grouped based on different Gleason score in their corresponding primary tumors and morphologic variants. For each case, tumor cells were immunostained with NKX3.1, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) on cell-transferred smears.

Results
NKX3.1 was strongly and diffusely positive in all 40 metastatic prostatic adenocarcinomas, including those with ductal features, but negative for the 19 small cell carcinoma (SmCC) cases. NKX3.1 had a better detection rate than PSA (13/50, 26%) and PAP (0/47, 0%).

Conclusions
NKX3.1 immunostaining on FNA smears is highly reliable for detecting metastatic prostatic carcinomas of conventional and ductal types but not for SmCC.