bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ambiguous Definition of Open Government: Parliamentarians, Journalists and Bloggers Define Open Government In Accordance With Their Interests
Authors: Wootten George W. , Kiss Simon J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present the results of a 2014 survey of Canadian parliamentarians, journalists and bloggers in which respondents were asked to rank competing definitions of open government. Overall, respondents preferred to define open government in terms of access to information and sources. However, controlling for age, ideology and language, we also found that respondents in the different positions ranked definitions of open government differently. Journalists are more likely than any other group to define open government in terms of access to information and sources. In contrast, parliamentarians who were members of a governing party were as likely to choose definitions of open government that emphasized public participation as they were to choose definitions that emphasized access to information. Opposition parliamentarians share more similarities with government parliamentarians than with journalists. These results suggest that key actors in the Canadian policy landscape define open government in ways that are consistent with their institutional interests. We suggest that these results reflect ways in which open government operates more like a buzzword, which helps explain the common pattern whereby opposition parties make promises to be more open and, after taking power, operate in less open ways. Moreover, these results raise questions about the extent to which open government can actually operate as an organizing principle.
Family values? Sexism and heteronormativity in Feminist Evolutionary Analytic (FEA) research
Authors: Kinsella Helen M. , Sjoberg Laura 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this article, we focus on the subset of evolutionary theorising self-identified as Feminist Evolutionary Analytic (FEA) within security studies and International Relations. We offer this accounting in four sections. First, we provide a brief overview of the argument that reproductive interests are the ‘origins’ of international violence. Second, we break down the definitions of gender, sex, and sexuality used in evolutionary work in security studies generally and in FEA specifically, demonstrating a lack of complexity in FEA’s accounts of the potential relations among the three and critiquing their essentialist heteronormative assumptions. Third, we argue that FEA’s failure to reflect on the history and context of evolutionary theorising, much less contemporary feminist critiques, facilitates its forwarding of the state and institutions as primarily neutral and corrective bulwarks against male violence. Fourth, we conclude by outlining what is at stake if we fail to correct for this direction in feminist, IR, and security research. We argue that FEA work misrepresents and narrows the potential for understanding and responding to violence, facilitating the continued instrumentalisation of women’s rights, increased government regulation of sexuality, and a more expansive form of militarism.
Transitional spaces in the architecture of Luis Barragán and José Antonio Coderch: Casa Prieto López and Casa Ugalde
Authors: de Rentería Isabela , Velázquez Claudia Rueda 
Published: November 2018

Luis Barragán (Guadalajara, Mexico, 1902-1988) and José Antonio Coderch (Barcelona, Spain, 1913-1984), despite having different origins, shared a common ground. Their architecture – based on Mediterranean tradition – was adapted to similar mild climate conditions, where shadowed and protected open spaces played a role as transitional spaces between indoors and outdoors. Those spaces were not treated as traditional elements incorporated within the buildings’ repertories, but were spatial proposals with a goal – rooted in their cultural backgrounds – of enriching the relationship between both realms. In this essay, common features arise when comparing two paradigmatic houses built by Barragán (Casa Prieto López, Mexico City, Mexico, 1950) and Coderch (Casa Ugalde, Caldes d’Estrach, Spain, 1951), within subjects such as the role of tradition, the relationship to the place, or the explanation of their architecture as a plastic experience.Private and public are clearly separated in both architects’ works, generally by a hermetic and neutral facade, behind which indoors and outdoors are interwoven, in such a way that open spaces take part of the interior of their houses and views towards the landscape or the sky break up the limits. Some of the spaces are settled in a kind of ambiguous category: there will be enclosed rooms with no ceiling, or patios and porches with windows in them.The common Mediterranean heritage appears within plane and plastered abstract walls, where plasticity rises from roughness, colour, light and shadow. The nuances appear in the personal interpretation of the experience of space, as well as in answer to the local conditions, and it is then that a different position in relation to nature emerges; whereas the Mediterranean coast is naturally soft and mild, the Mexican vegetation and geological features introduce a brave contrast between the open and the built.
Ion Energies Dominating Energy Density in the Inner Magnetosphere: Spatial Distributions and Composition, Observed by Arase/MEP‐i
Authors: Keika K. , Kasahara S. , Yokota S. , Hoshino M. , Seki K. , Nosé M. , Amano T. , Miyoshi Y. , Shinohara I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe investigate the spatial distributions and composition of contributing energies, which we term an energy range that makes the dominant contribution to energy density, in the inner magnetosphere during the main phase of magnetic storms. We analyze data from the medium‐energy particle experiments‐ion mass analyzer (MEP‐i) on board the Arase satellite during six magnetic storms in year 2017 with the SYM‐H minimum smaller than −50 nT. The results show that the inner part (L ≤ 5) is dominated by relatively low‐energy ions adiabatically transported from the plasma sheet by enhanced convection. The contributing energies are higher for O+ than for H+ at higher L shells (L > 5), particularly during the storms driven by coronal mass ejections. The results provide in situ evidence of the contribution from mass‐dependent/selective acceleration processes associated with substorm activity to the buildup of the outer part the ring current.
Using Magnetic Topology to Probe the Sources of Mars' Nightside Ionosphere
Authors: Adams D. , Xu S. , Mitchell D. L. , Lillis R. J. , Fillingim M. , Andersson L. , Fowler C. , Connerney J. E. P. , Espley J. , Mazelle C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe combine thermal electron densities in Mars' ionosphere with magnetic topology information to investigate the sources of the nightside ionosphere. Thermal electron density is measured in situ by the Langmuir Probe and Waves experiment onboard Mars Atmospheric and Volatile EvolutioN, while magnetic topology is simultaneously inferred from suprathermal electron energy‐pitch angle distributions measured by the Solar Wind Electron Analyzer and the Magnetometer. Topologically closed regions inhibit electron impact ionization, allowing us to isolate the effects of plasma transport from the dayside, which exhibits a dawn‐dusk asymmetry. Pressure gradient forces on open magnetic field lines connected to the dayside ionosphere source the high‐altitude nightside ionosphere, resulting in higher densities. Regions that are topologically open to the nightside ionosphere allow us to assess in situ production by electron impact ionization, which is responsible for ~50% of the nightside ionosphere below ~160 km and ~25% above ~220 km (on average).
Elemental and Sr‐Nd Isotope Geochemistry of Sinking Particles in the Northern South China Sea: Implications for Provenance and Transportation
Authors: Liu Xi , Wei Gangjian , Zou Jieqiong , Guo Yangrui , Ma Jinlong , Chen Xuefei , Liu Ying , Chen Jianfang , Li Hongliang , Zeng Ti 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMajor and trace elements, Sr and Nd isotopes of bulk particles from the SCS‐NW and SCS‐N‐03 traps were studied to trace the provenance of sinking particles in the northern South China Sea (SCS). About 63% of biogenic materials and most of lithogenic materials from the SCS‐NW trap may be contributed from resuspended sediments, and more biogenic materials are collected in winter than in summer. The immobile‐element discrimination diagrams also indicate that the lithogenic materials of particles are, to a large degree, from local seafloor sediments, and that the lithogenic materials of particles from SCS‐N and SCS‐W traps have seasonal variations. Sr isotopes (87Sr/86Sr and δ88Sr) of bulk particles are significantly influenced by biogenic materials and cannot be used in provenance tracing. In contrast, Nd isotopes are ideal tools to trace particle provenance. However, the traditional Nd isotope (143Nd/144Nd) shows no statistical difference on the particles of the SCS‐NW and SCS‐N‐03 traps, making it unable to identify their provenance. Fortunately, the stable Nd isotope,ε146Nd, shows different correlation trends toε143Nd in these two traps, suggesting that stable Nd isotope can potentially identify the sources of lithogenic materials in the northern SCS. Our results indicate that distribution and transportation of sinking particles are controlled by currents of the SCS mainly driven by the East Asian Monsoon.
Tracking the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum in the North Atlantic: A Shelf‐to‐Basin Analysis With a Regional Ocean Model
Authors: Hantsoo Kalev G. , Kump Lee R. , Haupt Bernd J. , Bralower Timothy J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a transient greenhouse climate interval spurred by a large release of carbon to the ocean‐atmosphere approximately 56 million years ago, provides a geological point of comparison for potential effects of anthropogenic carbon emission. Geochemical proxies and fossil assemblages offer insight into the continental shelf response to the PETM, but global ocean‐atmosphere models cannot resolve shelf processes at sufficient resolution for model‐data comparisons. We present high‐resolution simulations of the pre‐PETM and PETM North Atlantic basin using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), including a resolved continental shelf along the eastern margin of North America in the Salisbury Embayment. ROMS' high‐resolution, terrain‐following coordinate system permits greater vertical resolution and eddy resolution along continental margins while also capturing open‐ocean processes. We find that during the PETM, benthic oxygen concentration ([O2]) in the Salisbury Embayment decreases 18% to an average state of year‐round mild hypoxia, while average benthic calcite saturation (Ω) declines from 4.4 to 2.3. These benthic decreases are driven largely by enhanced benthic oxic respiration, which occurs despite no increase in shelf productivity. Instead, increased respiration stems from less vigorous off‐shelf transport of organic matter due to (a) weakened along‐shelf water currents and (b) weakened coastal upwelling that forces productivity closer to the shelf seafloor. Model results do not include riverine inputs, which would have further lowered benthic [O2] and Ω. Our data suggest lowered benthic calcite saturation and mild hypoxia as an upper bound on the oxygenation state of the Salisbury Embayment seafloor during the PETM.
Evidence for Local and Systemic Immune Activation in Functional Dyspepsia and the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Burns Grace , Carroll Georgia , Mathe Andrea , Horvat Jay , Foster Paul , Walker Marjorie M. , Talley Nicholas J. , Keely Simon 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND:
Subtle histopathologic features such as eosinophilia and increased mast cells have been observed in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), including functional dyspepsia (FD) and the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The mechanisms that drive recruitment of these cells to the gastrointestinal tract remain unexplained, largely due to the heterogeneity in phenotypes among patients diagnosed with such conditions. We aimed to systematically review the literature and collate the evidence for immune activation in FD and IBS, and where possible, detail the nature of activation.

METHODS:
Seven literature databases were searched using the keywords: ‘functional gastrointestinal disorder’, FGID, ‘functional dyspepsia’, ‘non-ulcer dyspepsia’, ‘idiopathic dyspepsia’, ‘irritable bowel syndrome’, IBS and ‘immun*’.

RESULTS:
Fifty-one papers reporting discordant immune features met the selection criteria for this review. Changes in lymphocyte populations, including B and T lymphocyte numbers and activation status were reported in IBS and FD, in conjunction with duodenal eosinophilia in FD and increased colonic mast cells in IBS. Increases in circulating α4+β7+ gut-homing T cells appear to be linked to the pathophysiology of both FD and IBS. Studies in the area are complicated by poor phenotyping of patients into subgroups and the subtle nature of the immune activity involved in FD and IBS.

CONCLUSIONS:
Alterations in proportions of gut-homing T lymphocytes in both FD and IBS indicate that a loss of mucosal homeostasis may drive the symptoms of FD and IBS. There is indirect evidence that Th17 responses may play a role in FGIDs, however the evidence for a Th2 immune phenotype in FD and IBS is limited. Although immune involvement is evident, large, well-characterised patient cohorts are required to elucidate the immune mechanisms driving the development of FGIDs.
Continuous performance test impairment in a 22q11.2 microdeletion mouse model: improvement by amphetamine
Authors: Nilsson Simon R. O. , Heath Christopher J. , Takillah Samir , Didienne Steve , Fejgin Kim , Nielsen Vibeke , Nielsen Jacob , Saksida Lisa M. , Mariani Jean , Faure Philippe , Didriksen Michael , Robbins Trevor W. , Bussey Timothy J. , Mar Adam C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) confers high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. These disorders are associated with attentional impairment, the remediation of which is important for successful therapeutic intervention. We assessed a 22q11.2DS mouse model (Df(h22q11)/+) on a touchscreen rodent continuous performance test (rCPT) of attention and executive function that is analogous to human CPT procedures. Relative to wild-type littermates, Df(h22q11)/+ male mice showed impaired attentional performance as shown by decreased correct response ratio (hit rate) and a reduced ability to discriminate target stimuli from non-target stimuli (discrimination sensitivity, or d’). The Df(h22q11)/+ model exhibited decreased prefrontal cortical-hippocampal oscillatory synchrony within multiple frequency ranges during quiet wakefulness, which may represent a biomarker of cognitive dysfunction. The stimulant amphetamine (0–1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently improved d’ in Df(h22q11)/+ mice whereas the highest dose of modafinil (40 mg/kg, i.p.) exacerbated their d’ impairment. This is the first report to directly implicate attentional impairment in a 22q11.2DS mouse model, mirroring a key endophenotype of the human disorder. The capacity of the rCPT to detect performance impairments in the 22q11.2DS mouse model, and improvement following psychostimulant-treatment, highlights the utility and translational potential of the Df(h22q11)/+ model and this automated behavioral procedure.
Restoration of FBP1 suppressed Snail-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Gao-Min , Li Qiao , Zhang Peng-Fei , Shen Shun-Li , Xie Wen-Xuan , Chen Bin , Wu Jian , Hu Wen-Jie , Huang Xiao-Yong , Peng Bao-Gang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1), one of the rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzymes, plays critical roles in several cancers and is treated as a tumour suppressor. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that FBP1 was significantly inhibited during Snail-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tissues in HCC. Restoration of FBP1 expression in HCC cancer cells suppressed EMT phenotype, tumour migration and tumour growth induced by Snail overexpression in SMMC-7721 cells. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed significantly enriched terms, including WNT, Notch, ESC, CSR and PDGF, in the group with high Snail and low FBP1 compared with those with low Snail and high FBP1. Low FBP1 expression was significantly correlated with higher AFP level, satellite nodules, portal vein tumour thrombus, and advanced tumour stage. Survival analyses showed that FBP1 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and recurrence-free survival. In conclusion, our study revealed a vital role for FBP1 in Snail-induced EMT and prognostic prediction in HCC.
Epigenetically reprogrammed methylation landscape drives the DNA self-assembly and serves as a universal cancer biomarker
Authors: Sina Abu Ali Ibn , Carrascosa Laura G. , Liang Ziyu , Grewal Yadveer S. , Wardiana Andri , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , Gardiner Robert A. , Samaratunga Hemamali , Gandhi Maher K. , Scott Rodney J. , Korbie Darren , Trau Matt 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEpigenetic reprogramming in cancer genomes creates a distinct methylation landscape encompassing clustered methylation at regulatory regions separated by large intergenic tracks of hypomethylated regions. This methylation landscape that we referred to as Methylscape is displayed by most cancer types, thus may serve as a universal cancer biomarker. To-date most research has focused on the biological consequences of DNA Methylscape changes whereas its impact on DNA physicochemical properties remains unexplored. Herein, we examine the effect of levels and genomic distribution of methylcytosines on the physicochemical properties of DNA to detect the Methylscape biomarker. We find that DNA polymeric behaviour is strongly affected by differential patterning of methylcytosine, leading to fundamental differences in DNA solvation and DNA-gold affinity between cancerous and normal genomes. We exploit these Methylscape differences to develop simple, highly sensitive and selective electrochemical or colorimetric one-step assays for the detection of cancer. These assays are quick, i.e., analysis time ≤10 minutes, and require minimal sample preparation and small DNA input.
Integrative epigenetic taxonomy of primary prostate cancer
Authors: Stelloo Suzan , Nevedomskaya Ekaterina , Kim Yongsoo , Schuurman Karianne , Valle-Encinas Eider , Lobo João , Krijgsman Oscar , Peeper Daniel Simon , Chang Seiwon Laura , Feng Felix Yi-Chung , Wessels Lodewyk Frederik Ary , Henrique Rui , Jerónimo Carmen , Bergman Andries Marinus , Zwart Wilbert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Androgen Receptor (AR) is the key-driving transcription factor in prostate cancer, tightly controlled by epigenetic regulation. To date, most epigenetic profiling has been performed in cell lines or limited tissue samples. Here, to comprehensively study the epigenetic landscape, we perform RNA-seq with ChIP-seq for AR and histone modification marks (H3K27ac, H3K4me3, H3K27me3) in 100 primary prostate carcinomas. Integrative molecular subtyping of the five data streams revealed three major subtypes of which two were clearly TMPRSS2-ERG dictated. Importantly, we identify a third subtype with low chromatin binding and activity of AR, but with high activity of FGF and WNT signaling. While positive for neuroendocrine-hallmark genes, these tumors were copy number-neutral with low mutational burden, significantly depleted for genes characteristic of poor-outcome associated luminal B-subtype. We present a unique resource on transcriptional and epigenetic control in prostate cancer, revealing tight control of gene regulation differentially dictated by AR over three subtypes.
Terahertz rectification in ring-shaped quantum barriers
Authors: Kang Taehee , Kim R. H. Joon-Yeon , Choi Geunchang , Lee Jaiu , Park Hyunwoo , Jeon Hyeongtag , Park Cheol-Hwan , Kim Dai-Sik 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTunneling is the most fundamental quantum mechanical phenomenon with wide-ranging applications. Matter waves such as electrons in solids can tunnel through a one-dimensional potential barrier, e.g. an insulating layer sandwiched between conductors. A general approach to control tunneling currents is to apply voltage across the barrier. Here, we form closed loops of tunneling barriers exposed to external optical control to manipulate ultrafast tunneling electrons. Eddy currents induced by incoming electromagnetic pulses project upon the ring, spatiotemporally changing the local potential. The total tunneling current which is determined by the sum of contributions from all the parts along the perimeter is critically dependent upon the symmetry of the loop and the polarization of the incident fields, enabling full-wave rectification of terahertz pulses. By introducing global geometry and local operation to current-driven circuitry, our work provides a novel platform for ultrafast optoelectronics, macroscopic quantum phenomena, energy harvesting, and multi-functional quantum devices.
Observation of bound state self-interaction in a nano-eV atom collider
Authors: Thomas Ryan , Chilcott Matthew , Tiesinga Eite , Deb Amita B. , Kjærgaard Niels 
Published: November 2018

AbstractQuantum mechanical scattering resonances for colliding particles occur when a continuum scattering state couples to a discrete bound state between them. The coupling also causes the bound state to interact with itself via the continuum and leads to a shift in the bound state energy, but, lacking knowledge of the bare bound state energy, measuring this self-energy via the resonance position has remained elusive. Here, we report on the direct observation of self-interaction by using a nano-eV atom collider to track the position of a magnetically-tunable Feshbach resonance through a parameter space spanned by energy and magnetic field. Our system of potassium and rubidium atoms displays a strongly non-monotonic resonance trajectory with an exceptionally large self-interaction energy arising from an interplay between the Feshbach bound state and a different, virtual bound state at a fixed energy near threshold.
Assessing the elastic properties of skeletal muscle and tendon using shearwave ultrasound elastography and MyotonPRO
Authors: Feng Y. N. , Li Y. P. , Liu C. L. , Zhang Z. J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to compare Young’s modulus values determined by shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWUE) with stiffness index obtained using a hand-held MyotonPRO device on the resting stiffness of gastrocnemius muscle belly and Achilles tendon; and to examine the test-retest reliability of those stiffness measurement using hand-held MyotonPRO. Twenty healthy volunteers participated in the study. The measurement values of muscle and tendon was determined in dominant legs. Each marker point was assessed using MyotonPRO and SWUE, respectively. Intra-operator reliability of MyotonPRO was established in 10 of the subjects. The correlation coefficients between the values of muscle and tendon stiffness indices determined by MyotonPRO and SWUE were calculated. Significant correlations were found for muscle and tendon stiffness and Young’s modulus ranged from 0.463 to 0.544 (all P < 0.05). The intra-operator reliability ranged from good to excellent (ICC(3,1) = 0.787~0.928). These results suggest that the resting stiffness of gastrocnemius muscle belly and Achilles tendon measured by MyotonPRO is related to the Young’s modulus of those quantified by SWUE. The MyotonPRO shows good intra-operator repeatability. Therefore, the present study shows that MyotonPRO can be used to assess mechanical properties of gastrocnemius muscle belly and Achilles tendon with a resting condition.