bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TÜRKİYE-AZERBAYCAN EKONOMİK İLİŞKİLERİ
Authors: Aslanlı Araz 
Published: April 2018

Türkiye-Azerbaycan ilişkileri çokboyutlu bir niteliğe ve farklı
yönler itibariyle derinliye sahiptir. Bu çokboyutluluğun önemli yönlerinden
birisini de ikili ekonomik ilişkiler teşkil etmektedir. İkili ekonomik
ilişkilerde karşılıklı olarak yapılan yatırımlar ve ikili ticaret hacmi tam
arzulanan düzeyde olmasa da bağımsızlığın il yıllarına kıyasla ciddi bir
artıştan bahsetmek mümkündür. Türkiye’nin Azerbaycan’da petrol dışı sektörde,
Azerbaycan’ın ise Türkiye’de enerji sektöründeki yatırımları iki ülke
yetkilileri ve uzmanlar tarafından özellikle vurgulanmaktadır. İki ülke
arasında imzalanan stratejik ortaklık ve karşılıklı yardıma ilişkin anlaşmayla ikili
ilişkiler tüm alanlarda olduğu gibi ekonomik alanda da farklı bir boyuta
taşınmıştır.

Bu çalışmada ekonomik ilişkilerin hukuki altyapısı, ikili
ekonomik ilişkiler açısından önemli yapıların işlevselliği, ikili ticarete
ilişkin veriler, karşılıklı yatırımlar ve benzeri hususlar analiz edilmeye çalışılmış,
özel bir çalışmaya konu edilecek olan enerji konusuna daha sınırlı bir biçimde
değinilmiştir.
Eğitim, Sağlık, Ekonomi ve Bireysel Özgürlüklerin Yönetişime Etkisi
Authors: Soyupek Yusuf 
Published: April 2018

1980’li yıllardan sonra yoğun bir şekilde
kullanılan yönetişim kavramı, sosyal bilimlerin en gözde kavramlarından biri
haline gelmiştir. Özellikle Dünya Bankası’nın gelişmekte olan ülkeler için
hazırladığı raporlarla birlikte kullanımı ve bilinirliği artan yönetişim kamu
yönetiminde de pek çok çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Yönetişim kavramı, yönetişimin
tanımı, çeşitleri, gelişimi, ilkeleri, teorik ve düşünsel temelleri bu
çalışmaların ana çerçevesini oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada alanda daha önce yapılmayan
bir analiz ortaya koyularak eğitim, sağlık, ekonomi ve bireysel özgürlüklerin
yönetişime bir etkisinin olup olmadığı araştırılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede
uluslararası indekslerden elde edilen nicel veriler ile ülkelerin eğitim,
sağlık, ekonomi ve bireysel özgürlük skorları ile yönetişim skorları arasındaki
ilişki test edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda yönetişim kalitesini
artırmanın ve yönetişim anlayışını hâkim kılmanın yolunun; ülkelerin sağlık,
ekonomi ve özellikle bireysel özgürlük seviyelerini artırmaktan geçtiği
sonucuna varılmıştır.
Use of filterability index in granular filtration: effect of filter medium type, size and shape
Authors: Hunce Selda Yiğit , Soyer Elif , Akgiray Ömer 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIves' Filterability Index (FI) was employed to evaluate silica sand versus crushed recycled glass as a rapid filter media. The presence of past studies comparing these two media allows an evaluation of the applicability and utility of the FI concept as a simple and quick preliminary test for the assessment of different media to be used in water filtration. The present tests also allow an evaluation of the effect of shape on filter performance.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin “Öğretmen” Kavramına İlişkin Kullandıkları Metaforlar
Authors: EGÜZ Şule , ÖNTAŞ Turgay 
Published: April 2018

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin “öğretmen” kavramına ilişkin
oluşturdukları metaforları toplamak ve toplanan metaforları çeşitli kategoriler
altında sınıflandırarak ortaokul 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf düzeyinde öğrencilerin “öğretmen”
kavramını algılama biçimlerini ortaya koymaktır. Öğretmen ve öğrenci ilişkisi
öğrencinin akademik ve sosyal gelişiminde önemlidir. Öğretmen ve öğrencinin
birbirlerine yükledikleri anlamlar rolleri açısından açıklayıcı olabilir. Öğrencilerin
de “öğretmen” kavramına ilişkin algılarının metaforlar yoluyla belirlemelerinin
özellikle eğitimcilere önemli bilgiler ve perspektifler kazandıracağı
düşünülmektedir. Araştırmanın verileri Samsun ilinde yer alan kamu ortaokulunda
öğrenim gören 25 beşinci sınıf, 22 altıncı sınıf, 20 yedinci sınıf ve 24
sekizinci sınıf olmak üzere toplam 91 ortaokul öğrencisinden elde edilmiştir.
Nitel araştırmada metafor yöntemi
kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada katılımcı öğrencilere, “öğretmen………….gibidir;
çünkü……….. yazılı olan yarı yapılandırılmış formları verilmiş ve buradan elde
edilen ham veriler araştırmanın temel veri kaynağını oluşturmuştur. Verilerin
analizi ve yorumlanmasında nitel veri çözümleme tekniklerinden içerik analizi
yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre araştırmaya katılan 91
ortaokul öğrencisinin yazdıkları cümlelerden, toplam 38 geçerli metafor
geliştirmiştir. Bu metaforlar daha sonra ortak özellikleri bakımından
incelenerek 6 farklı kavramsal kategori altında toplanarak incelenmiştir.
Pedagojik Formasyon Eğitimi Sertifika Programının Öğretmen Adaylarının Öğretmen Kimliği Algısına Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Ulubey Özgür , Yıldırım Kasım , Alpaslan Muhammet Mustafa 
Published: April 2018

Bu
çalışmada, pedagojik formasyon eğitimi sertifika programının öğretmen
adaylarının öğretmen kimliği algısına etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Tarama modelinin kullanıldığı araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Türkiye’nin batı
bölgesinde yer alan bir devlet üniversitesinde Pedagojik Formasyon Eğitimi
Sertifika Programında öğrenim gören ve çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 301 öğretmen
adayı oluşturmuştur. Veriler, Meslek Öncesi Öğretmen Kimliği Ölçeği ile
toplanmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerliğini test etmek amacıyla doğrulayıcı faktör
analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar ölçeğin yapısının iyi düzeyde uyum değerlerine
sahip olduğunu göstermektedir (χ2(96)= 2.56, p &lt;.001, RMSEA= 0.072,
CFI=0.92, TLI= 0.90). Güvenirlik için hesaplanan Cronbach alfa değerleri alt
boyutlar için .82 ile .89 arasındadır. Ölçeğin tamamına ilişkin Cronbach alfa
değeri .84 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen veriler SPSS
21 programında tekrarlanmış tek yönlü ANOVA kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma
sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının mesleki kimlik algılarının orta ile yüksek
derece arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ortalama değerler, öğretmen adaylarının
pedagojik formasyon eğitimi sertifika programı başında daha yüksek düzeyde
öğretmen kimliği algılarına sahip olduklarını göstermektedir. Öğretmenlerin
adaylarının hizmet öncesi öğretmen kimliği ölçeğinin öğretmen olabileceğine
ilişkin öz-güven ve kendini öğretmen olarak görme alt-boyutlarında istatiksel
olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmazken, öğrencilerle
çalışmayı sevme alt-boyutunda anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Diğer bir deyişle;
uygulanan programının, öğretmen adaylarının öğretmen kimliği algılarına olumlu etkisinin
olmadığı söylenebilir.
Semantic Intrusions and Failure to Recover From Semantic Interference in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Relationship to Amyloid and Cortical Thickness
Authors: Curiel Rosie E. , Loewenstein David A. , Rosselli Monica , Penate Ailyn , Greig-Custo Maria T. , Bauer Russell M. , Guinjoan Salvador M. , Hanson Kevin S. , Li Chunfei , Lizarraga Gabriel , Barker William W. , Torres Valeria , DeKosky Steven , Adjouadi Malek , Duara Ranjan 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Accumulating evidence indicates that the failure to recover from the effects of
proactive semantic interference [frPSI] represents an early cognitive manifestation of preclinical Alzheimer's
disease. A limitation of this novel paradigm has been a singular focus on the number of targets
correctly recalled, without examining co-occurring semantic intrusions [SI] that may highlight specific
breakdowns in memory.

Objectives:
We focused on SI and their relationship to amyloid load and regional cortical thickness
among persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Methods:
Thirty-three elders diagnosed with aMCI underwent F-18 florbetaben amyloid PET scanning
with MRI scans of the brain. We measured the correlation of SI elicited on cued recall trials of the
Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning [LASSI-L] with mean cortical
amyloid load and regional cortical thickness in AD prone regions.

Results:
SI on measures sensitive to frPSI was related to greater total amyloid load and lower overall
cortical thickness [CTh]. In particular, SI were highly associated with reduced CTh in the left entorhinal
cortex [r=-.71; p<.001] and left medial orbital frontal lobe [r=-.64; p<.001]; together accounting for 66%
of the explained variability in regression models.

Conclusion.

Semantic intrusions on measures susceptible to frPSI related to greater brain amyloid load
and lower cortical thickness. These findings further support the hypothesis that frPSI, as expressed by
the percentage of intrusions, may be a cognitive marker of initial neurodegeneration and may serve as an
early and distinguishing test for preclinical AD that may be used in primary care or clinical trial settings.
Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Ruan Yue , Tang Jun , Guo Xiaofei , Li Kelei , Li Duo 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Epidemiological studies showed that dietary fat intake is associated with Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) and dementia risk, however, the association remain inconsistent. This metaanalysis
aimed to systematically examine the association of dietary fat intake with AD and dementia
risk.

Methods:
We have systematically searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to May 1st
2017. Prospective cohort studies were included if they reported on the association of dietary fat intake
with AD and dementia risk. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for the highest versus lowest category
were pooled by using a random-effects model.

Results:
A total of 8630 participants and 633 cases from four independent prospective cohort studies
were included in the present meta-analysis. A higher dietary saturated fat intake was significantly associated
with an increased risk of 39% and 105% for AD (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.94) and dementia
(RR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.98), respectively. Dose-response analysis indicated a 4 g/day increment of
saturated fat intake was related to 15% higher risk of AD (RR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.31). However,
there was no significant association found between dietary intake of total, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated
fat and AD or dementia risk.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis provides significant evidence of positive association between higher
saturated fat intake and AD and dementia risk.
Voltammetric Analysis of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs with Solid Electrodes
Authors: Kul Dilek 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of atypical antipsychotic drugs used for
the treatment of schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder obtaining satisfactory results
can be ensured by voltammetric techniques. The aim of this review is to present the application of voltammetric
techniques developed for the determination of the atypical antipsychotic drugs, which are
amisulpride, aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine fumarate, risperidone, sertindole, and ziprasidone,
in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples.

Methods:
Studies in the literature published between 2004 and 2017 based on the voltammetric determination
of atypical antipsychotic drugs were gathered using scientific databases. The results obtained
from these studies were combined and interpreted.

Results:
oltammetric techniques applied for the sensitive determination of trace amounts of the selected
atypical antipsychotic drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids were
compared. The best analysis conditions were obtained after the optimization of some parameters such as
buffer type, pH, and scan rate. For diffusion controlled electrode processes, it was observed that differential
pulse and square wave voltammetry methods were generally used for the sensitive quantitative
determination of the drugs, whereas stripping methods were used for the adsorption controlled electrode
processes. Detection limits were between 1.53×10-3 µM for clozapine and 0.97 µM for risperidone.

Conclusion:
The electrodes used in the studies showed high selectivity, sensitivity, and good accuracy
with precision. The developed methods were also applied to pharmaceutical preparations of the drugs
and biological fluids with satisfactory results, without any interference from inactive excipients.
Simultaneous Determination of Total Cortisol and Cortisone in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Method Development, Validation and Preliminary Clinical Application
Authors: Kertys Martin , Urbanova Anna , Mestanik Michal , Tonhajzerova Ingrid , Mokry Juraj 
Published: April 2018

Background:Cortisol as a major glucocorticosteroid product of the adrenal cortex which has been recognized as a stress biomarker in evaluating stress related disorders for a long time. Plasma concentration of cortisol and its metabolite cortisone are usually changed in physiological and psychological tension, anxiety and depression. In order to study these changes properly, we need a sensitive, accurate and reproducible assay for plasma cortisol and cortisone determination. </P><P> Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and robust method for the determination of total cortisol and cortisone in human plasma using mass spectrometry.Methods:A fast, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/ MS) method was developed, validated, and then the levels of cortisol and cortisone were determined. Plasma samples cleanup procedure was composed of two steps: the first was a protein precipitation with 1 % formic acid in acetonitrile, and the second was an on-line solid phase extraction (SPE). Afterwards, cortisol and cortisone were separated using a C18 ACQUITY UPLC BEHTM column with a gradient elution. The mobile phase A was 0.1 % formic acid in water, the mobile phase B was 0.1 % methanol. For the detection we used a XEVO TQ-S mass spectrometer operating in the ESI positive mode.Results:The time of analysis was 6.5 minutes and the quantification range was 5-600 ng/mL for cortisol and cortisone, with > 94% recovery for all analytes (cortisol, cortisone and internal standards). The method was validated according to the EMA guideline for bioanalytical method validation.Conclusion:A simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for measurement of cortisol and cortisone in human plasma. Our findings indicate that the proposed analytical method is suitable for routine analysis.
Guide for Selection of Relevant Cell Lines During the Evaluation of new Anti-Cancer Compounds
Authors: Ruiz-Moreno Angel J. , Torres-Barrera Patricia , Velázquez-Paniagua Mireya , Dömling Alexander , Velasco-Velázquez Marco A. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Human cancer cell lines are valuable models for anti-cancer drug development.
Although all cancer cells share common biological features, each cancer cell line has unique genotypic/ phenotypic
characteristics that affect drug response. Thus, the information obtained with a specific cancer cell line cannot
be easily extrapolated to other cancer cells. Consequently, cell line selection during experimental design is
critical for providing proper and clinically relevant structure-activity analysis.

Methods:
Herein, we critically review the use of cancer cell lines as tools for activity analysis by comparing two
different scenarios: i) the use of multiple cancer cell lines, with the NCI-60 Program as the most representative
example; and, ii) the selection of a single cell line with specific biological characteristics that match the rationale
of compound design.

Results:
Considering that most laboratories evaluate the activity of new compounds using few cell lines, we
provide a systematic strategy for selection based on the expression levels and genetic status of the target and the
effectiveness of target inhibition or silencing. We exemplify the use of public databases for data retrieval and
analysis as well as the critical comparison of such information with published results.

Conclusion:
This approach refines cell line selection, avoiding the perpetuation of published poor selection and
enhancing the relevance of the results.
Collateral: The Sword of Damocles of the Small-scale Farmers; Land Tenure Issues in Africa
Authors: Ncube Douglas 
Published: April 2018

Introduction:Numerous studies have been conducted on tenure and how it affects agricultural productivity. However, in Africa, its complexity emanates from the existence of various types of land tenure systems. This study examined hypotheses derived from the economic theory of property rights.Problem Statement:It is difficult to comprehend the manner in which land tenure issues influences farmer incentives. A perception is held regarding the complexity of instituting policy reforms to ‘fix’ tenure problems.Methodology:Thе еconomic rеѕеarch rеѕultѕ rеlatеd to land tеnurе, tеnurе ѕеcurity and thеir impact on land invеѕtmеntѕ and agricultural productivity, and how thеѕе rеlatе to hypothеѕеѕ gеnеratеd from thе еconomic thеory of propеrty rightѕ in Africa were evaluated. The study is essentially a qualitative approach and is based on literature review and secondary data sources.Results:There is an intimate link between Land tenure development and various constructs of political economic issues such as governance, democracy, empowerment, social justice, equity and development. Consequently, until the recognition of historical issues and political challenges associated with resource redistribution, any solutions to land and tenure questions will lack context and will fail to fulfil the crucial aim of transforming property relations and creating social change. There are convergence and divergence of economic research on land tenure.Conclusion:Land tenure reform is a time-consuming process requiring thorough public consultation and careful preparation. Recently, many international organisations and governments have embarked on land purchases/grabs in Africa exposing smallholder farmers to the arbitrary land acquisition and hence, exacerbating food insecurity in Africa.
Reclaimed Wastewater Quality Assessment for Irrigation and Its Mid-Time Reuse Effects on Paddy Growth and Yield under Farmer Management
Authors: Kaboosi Kami , Esmailnezhad Reza 
Published: April 2018

Introduction:
Many studies have been conducted on irrigation of upland crops with reclaimed wastewater while there have been a few reports about wastewater reuse for paddies. The majority of irrigation water requirement of paddy field in Bandargaz region (Iran) during the dry season within the last 12 years is dependent on effluent of treatment plant. Accordingly, different water parameters and 12 irrigation water quality indexes and economical- environmental filed management factor (fertilizer application rate) and crop growth and yield were studied in freshwater (FW) and wastewater (WW) filelds.

Explanation:
Unexpectedly, wastewater and freshwater salinity was less and more than the threshold salinity of paddy (2.0 dS.m-1), respectively and due to the high concentration of chlorine, FW is not suitable for irrigation. Based on almost all of indices and standards for assessing irrigation water quality, WW was significantly better than FW.

Conclusion:
The average concentration of heavy metals in both FW and WW samples were in the order of Cr˂Cd˂Pb˂Ni. However, results showed that concentration of heavy metals in WW was significantly more than FW. Nevertheless, these were below maximum allowable based on international standards and guidelines. The average nitrogen concentration in the reclaimed wastewater was 11.2 mg.lit-1 that was more than the required nitrogen concentration (7 mg.lit-1). So, a dilution strategy could be adopted when reclaimed water is used. No significant difference was observed in two type farms based on plant height, spike length, and 1000-seed weight, but this factor was significantly effective on seed per spike and seed yield so that they were higher in WW irrigated farms by 12.4 and 10 percent, respectively.
On the distinctive educational value of philosophy
Authors: Hand Michael 
Published: April 2018

Should philosophy be a compulsory subject in schools? I take it as read that philosophy has general educational value: like other academic disciplines, it cultivates a range of intellectual virtues in those who study it. But that may not be a good enough reason to add it to the roster of established school subjects. The claim I defend in this article is that philosophy also has distinctive educational value: there are philosophical problems that feature prominently and pressingly in ordinary human lives and that all children should be equipped by their education to tackle. Among these are the problems of justifying subscription to moral, political and religious standards. The significance of these problems for everyone is sufficient to warrant the inclusion of philosophy in the school curriculum.
Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Bentonit Alam Menjadi Nanopartikel Monmorillonit
Authors: Zaimahwati Zaimahwati , Yuniati Yuniati , Jalal Ramzi , Zhafiri Syahman , Yetri Yuli 
Published: April 2018

<p>Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi bentonit alam menjadi nanopartikel montmorillonit. Bentonit alam yang digunakan diambil dari desa Blangdalam, Kecamatan Nisam Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Proses isolasi meliputi proses pelarutan dengan aquades, ultrasonic dan proses sedimentasi. Untuk mengetahui karakterisasi montmorillonit dilakukan uji FT-IR, X-RD dan uji morfologi permukaan dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Partikel size analyzer untuk menganalisis dan menentukan ukuran nanopartikel dari isolasi bentonit alam. Dari hasil penelitian didapat ukuran nanopartikel montmorillonit hasil isolasi dari bentonit alam diperoleh berdiameter rata-rata 82,15 nm.</p><p><em>In this research we have isolated and characterized natural bentonite into montmorillonite nanoparticles. Natural bentonite used was taken from Blangdalam village, Nisam sub-district, North Aceh district. The isolation process includes dissolving process with aquades, ultrasonic and sedimentation processes. The characterization of montmorillonite, FT-IR, X-RD and surface morphology test by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Particle size analyzer to analyze and determine the size of nanoparticles from natural bentonite insulation. From the research results obtained the size of montmorillonite nanoparticles isolated from natural bentonite obtained an average diameter of 82.15 nm.</em></p>