bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social complexity and the early social environment affect visual social attention to faces
Authors: Tsang Tawny , Johnson Scott , Jeste Shafali , Dapretto Mirella 
Published: January 2019

Diminished attention to socially relevant information appears to be an early emerging risk factor associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, inconsistencies across studies suggest that atypicalities in visual social attention in infants at high‐risk for ASD during the first postnatal year may be subtle and more apparent under certain contexts. Here we explore factors that may moderate developmental trajectories in attention to faces, including the social complexity of the dynamic visual stimuli used to measure visual social attention and the early social environment of the infant as indexed by parental affectedness of ASD‐related traits. Across infants at both high (HR) and low risk for ASD, attention to faces increased during the first postnatal year, with overall greater attention being allocated to schematic faces in the simpler video stimulus. Moreover, greater parental affectedness of ASD‐related traits was associated with reduced developmental gains in attention to faces. For HR infants, greater attention to faces was positively associated with social communicative competence, including better joint attention skills and lower social impairments. Altogether, our findings highlight the importance of considering developmental level when selecting stimuli to longitudinally examine visual social attention, and the clinical relevance of including measures of infant's social environment in understanding early markers of ASD risk.Autism Res2019, 12: 445–457 © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryAttention to faces is an important means for infants to learn about the social world. The complexity of the social scene and an infant's early social environment both affect the amount of time infants at high‐ and low‐risk for ASD look at faces during the first postnatal year. For infants at high‐risk for ASD, greater attention to faces was associated with better social skills. Understanding an infant's social environment may have a positive impact on social communicative development.
Comparing the 1‐year impact of preschool autism intervention programs in two Canadian provinces
Authors: Smith Isabel M. , Flanagan Helen E. , Ungar Wendy J. , D'Entremont Barbara , Garon Nancy , den Otter Jeffrey , Waddell Charlotte , Bryson Susan E. , Tsiplova Kate , Léger Natalie , Vezina Francine , Murray Patricia 
Published: January 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with early differences in children's social interactions, communication, and play/interests. In many countries, considerable resources are invested in early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) programs for children with ASD, which aim to build adaptive skills and prevent or treat problem behavior. However, these programs vary widely in structure and delivery. Research evidence supports the efficacy of EIBI, but large knowledge gaps remain about the effectiveness of publicly funded EIBI programs. With policy‐makers as formal research partners, we compared children's progress over 1 year in public preschool programs in adjacent Canadian provinces, New Brunswick (NB) and Nova Scotia (NS). In NB, children received up to 20 hr/week of comprehensive EIBI in a publicly funded, privately provided program. In NS, children received up to 15 hr/week of Pivotal Response Treatment and Positive Behavior Support delivered through the publicly funded healthcare system. In this observational parallel cohort study, we collected parent‐reported data on 298 NB preschoolers (76.5% boys) and 221 NS preschoolers (86.9% boys) at EIBI start and 1 year later. Multilevel analysis revealed significant differences at baseline: NS children were older, with lower adaptive functioning and more severe ASD symptoms than NB children. Despite these pre‐treatment differences that favor NB, children in both provinces showed similar adaptive functioning gains and reductions of maladaptive behavior. No changes were seen in mean ASD symptom severity in either province over time. Results highlight the value of evaluating interventions in their implementation contexts, and have important implications for devising optimal ASD policy. Autism Research 2019, 12: 667–681. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research,Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe need to know more about the impact of different forms of early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We showed that preschoolers with ASD gained important skills while in public EIBI programs in two Canadian provinces. We also saw that differences in how EIBI programs are structured and characteristics of children who are served may affect outcomes. For these reasons, policy making requires evidence that fits the local context.
Improved power of familywise error rate procedures for discrete data under dependency
Authors: He Li , Heyse Joseph F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn many applications where it is necessary to test multiple hypotheses simultaneously, the data encountered are discrete. In such cases, it is important for multiplicity adjustment to take into account the discreteness of the distributions of the p‐values, to assure that the procedure is not overly conservative. In this paper, we review some known multiple testing procedures for discrete data that control the familywise error rate, the probability of making any false rejection. Taking advantage of the fact that the exact permutation or exact pairwise permutation distributions of the p‐values can often be determined when the sample size is small, we investigate procedures that incorporate the dependence structure through the exact permutation distribution and propose two new procedures that incorporate the exact pairwise permutation distributions. A step‐up procedure is also proposed that accounts for the discreteness of the data. The performance of the proposed procedures is investigated through simulation studies and two applications. The results show that by incorporating both discreteness and dependency of p‐value distributions, gains in power can be achieved.
A distributed case‐ and project‐based learning to design 3D lab on electronic engineering education
Authors: Yang Wenli , Yuan Nanqi , Chinthammit Winyu , Kang Byeong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecently, virtual laboratories have popping up in online learning for students to self‐enroll in the experiments. Like in‐class teaching methodology, virtual laboratories need to meet the requirements as same as real world laboratories and support efficient learning and communication services. In this paper, we detail the development of our distributed 3D lab system based on case‐and project‐based learning method, which support semi‐automatic experiment creation, assessment and knowledge‐based instant conversation. We demonstrated the potential of our system with a case study in a subject of electronic engineering. The preliminary results indicated that our system demonstrated the potential of providing flexible assessment, saving time, improving experimental skills and making students more confident.
Predictive and prognostic value of circulating blood lymphocyte subsets in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Yang Jian , Xu Junnan , E Ying , Sun Tao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe treatment of breast cancer (BC) has improved greatly in recent years, however, the limitations of current therapeutic modalities underscore the need to define new prognostic tools and develop highly targeted therapies. The aims of the present study were to explore the effects of circulating blood lymphocyte subsets on the survival of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients and to evaluate their predictive and prognostic value. The clinical data of 482 patients with MBC were retrospectively analyzed, and patients were grouped according to molecular types of BC. The distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets at the time of first metastasis was examined by flow cytometry, and the distribution of lymphocyte subsets in each group was categorized into ‘‘high or low’’ subgroups using the upper quartile point as the cutoff. The relationship between the distribution of lymphocyte subsets and progression‐free survival (PFS) as well as overall survival (OS) was evaluated in diverse molecular MBCs. In multivariate analysis, CD4+ was a negative independent predictor of PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.538, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.313‐0.926, P = 0.025) and CD3+ was a poor independent prognostic factor for OS (HR = 0.437, 95% CI = 0.248‐0.772, P = 0.004) in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive group. Neither the CD8+, CD19+, and CD56+ lymphocyte subsets nor the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood was significant predictive or prognostic factors. In conclusion, higher circulating levels of CD4+ and CD3+ at first diagnosis in HER2‐overexpressing MBC were significantly associated with worse survival outcomes. Low levels of plasma CD4+ and CD3+ were associated with increased anti‐HER2 benefit in HER2‐positive MBC. The present results indicate that these factors can be used as predictive and prognostic indicators of the outcome of patients with MBC.
Phase I and phase II clinical trials in sarcoma: Implications for drug discovery and development
Authors: Lee Daniel Y. , Staddon Arthur P. , Shabason Jacob E. , Sebro Ronnie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere has been limited progress in the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of sarcomas. A review of phase I and II clinical trials for sarcomas may give insight into factors influencing sarcoma drug development.MethodsAn exhaustive analysis of phase I and II clinical trials testing drugs for human sarcoma patients between 1 January 2000 and 1 June 2018 was performed using the PubMed search engine, the Thomson Web of Science, and the National Clinical Trials registry. Recorded outcomes included tested drugs, tested histological subtypes, whether the drug was initially developed for sarcoma, reported funding sources, and whether studies led to phase III trials.ResultsOut of 238 studies meeting inclusion criteria, 87% (207 studies) reported funding sources. Of these, 59.9% (124/207) reported industry funding, 52.7% (109/207) reported government funding, and 27.5% (57/207) reported private funding. Only 5% (12/238) of phase I and II trials resulted in phase III trials, with 11 of 12 studies funded by industry. Approximately 90% (214/238) of studies tested drugs that were not initially tested in sarcoma, and 60.1% (143/238) of studies grouped different sarcoma histological subtypes together in the same study.ConclusionIndustry has funded the majority of phase I and II sarcoma clinical trials that have led to phase III trials. There was a high rate of drugs approved for other cancers and then secondarily tested in sarcoma. Most trials tended to group different sarcoma subtypes rather than studying each subtype separately.
Three inflammation‐related genes could predict risk in prognosis and metastasis of patients with breast cancer
Authors: Zhao Shuangtao , Shen Wenzhi , Du Renle , Luo Xiaohe , Yu Jiangyong , Zhou Wei , Dong Xiaoli , Gao Ruifang , Wang Chaobin , Yang Houpu , Wang Shu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrent predictive model is not developed by inflammation‐related genes to evaluate clinical outcome of breast cancer patients.MethodsWith mRNA expression profiling, we identified 3 mRNAs with significant expression between 15 normal samples and 669 breast cancer patients. Using 7 cell lines and 150 paraffin‐embedded specimens, we verified the expression pattern by bio‐experiments. Then, we constructed a three‐mRNA model by Cox regression method and approved its predictive accuracy in both training set (n = 1095) and 4 testing sets (n = 703).ResultsWe developed a three‐mRNA (TBX21, TGIF2, and CYCS) model to stratify patients into high‐ and low‐risk subgroup with significantly different prognosis. In training set, 5‐year OS rate was 84.5% (78.8%‐90.5%) vs 73.1% (65.9%‐81.2%) for the low‐ and high‐risk group (HR = 1.573 (1.090‐2.271); P = 0.016). The predictive value was similar in four independent testing sets (HR>1.600; P < 0.05). This model could assess survival independently with better predictive power compared with single clinicopathological risk factors and any of the three mRNAs. Patients with both low‐risk values and any poor prognostic factors had more favorable survival from nonmetastatic status (HR = 1.740 (1.028‐2.945), P = 0.039). We established two nomograms for clinical application that integrated this model and another three significant risk factors to forecast survival rates precisely in patients with or without metastasis.ConclusionsThis model is a dependable tool to predict the disease recurrence precisely and could improve the predictive accuracy of survival probability for breast cancer patients with or without metastasis.
IL‐1β functionally attenuates ABCG2 and PDZK1 expression in HK‐2 cells partially through NF‐ĸB activation
Authors: Lu Xiaoyong , Chen Mo , Shen Jingfang , Xu Yujia , Wu Huaxiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLong‐standing untreated hyperuricemia could lead to gout. Several recent studies have demonstrated a significant decrease of serum urate during acute gout attack, which is an aseptic inflammation process focusing on IL‐1β. However, how IL‐1β, by itself, alters the expression and the functional activity of urate transporters in renal tubular epithelial cells is still unclear. Herein, we revealed that IL‐1β could attenuate the mRNA and protein levels of ABCG2, a major urate efflux pump, in HK‐2 cells by real‐time PCR and Western‐blot assays. Moreover, using an ABCG2 specific inhibitor and a new sensitive and specific detection system, it was found that IL‐1β also reduced the ABCG2 transporter activities. Incubation with specific inhibitors of the NF‐κB pathway partly dampened the inhibitory effect of IL‐1β on ABCG2, indicating that IL‐1β reduced the ABCG2 expression partially through the NF‐ĸB pathway. Furthermore, the decreased expression of PDZK1 induced by IL‐1β, which is dependent on the NF‐κB pathway, could account for the imbalance between the functions and expressions of ABCG2 on this status. These findings demonstrated a new role for IL‐1β, whereby it leads to the inhibition of ABCG2 in renal tubular epithelial cells; this new role probably does not encompass its involvement in the process of renal urate excretion mediated by inflammation. Therefore, other regulation mechanisms of urate reabsorption in renal tubular epithelial cells deserve to be examined in further studies.
In‐situ X‐Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectroscopy of a Solid Catalyst using a Laboratory‐Based Set‐up
Authors: Moya‐Cancino José G. , Honkanen Ari‐Pekka , van der Eerden Ad M. J. , Schaink Herrick , Folkertsma Lieven , Ghiasi Mahnaz , Longo Alessandro , de Groot Frank M. F. , Meirer Florian , Huotari Simo , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn in‐situ laboratory‐based X‐ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) Spectroscopy set‐up is presented, which allows performing long‐term experiments on a solid catalyst at relevant reaction conditions of temperature and pressure. Complementary to research performed at synchrotron radiation facilities the approach is showcased for a Co/TiO2 Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) catalyst. Supported cobalt metal nanoparticles next to a (very small) fraction of cobalt(II) titanate, which is an inactive phase for FTS, were detected, with no signs of re‐oxidation of the supported cobalt metal nanoparticles during FTS at 523 K, 5 bar and 200 h, indicating that cobalt metal is maintained as the main active phase during FTS.
Linker Flexibility‐Dependent Cluster Transformations and Cluster‐Controlled Luminescence in Isostructural Silver Cluster‐Assembled Materials (SCAMs)
Authors: Wang Jia‐Yin , Huang Ren‐Wu , Wei Zhong , Xi Xiao‐Juan , Dong Xi‐Yan , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSilver chalcogenolate clusters (SCCs) and silver cluster‐assembled materials (SCAMs) are an important category of novel luminescent materials, the emission of which can be modulated by variation of the cluster nodes and linker species. Here, the successfully synthesis of two isostructural 2D SCAMs is reported: Ag12bpa and Ag12bpe are formed by using two linkers with different conformational freedom (bpa=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane, bpe=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene), with dodenuclear silver chalcogenolate clusters as secondary building units (SBUs). Interestingly, nonluminescent Ag12bpa at room temperature could quickly transform into 1D Ag10bpa, with concomitant dissociation of two silver atoms and the remaining ten silver atoms rearranging in the cluster, thus exhibiting an intense yellow phosphorescence after being triggered by acetonitrile (CH3CN). Similarly, stimulating Ag12bpe with CH3CN, by contrast, gave another 2D structure Ag12bpe‐1b with the distorted SBUs and different topology structure, and both of them are merely red‐emissive at low temperature. To note, after exchanging ligands, room‐temperature nonluminescent 2D Ag12bpe‐1b can be transformed into intensely luminescent 1D Ag10bpa. This linker‐flexibility‐dependent structural transformation and cluster‐based SBU controlled luminescence remains scarce. Our work provides new insights into structure–luminescence relationship in clustered metal–organic frameworks and intelligent stimulus‐responsive luminescent materials.
HPLC with cellulose Tris (3,5‐DimethylPhenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase: Influence of coating times and coating amount on chiral discrimination
Authors: Wei Qiuhong , Su Hongjiu , Gao Diannan , Wang Shudong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCoating cellulose tris (3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) on silica gels with large pores have been demonstrated as an efficient way for the preparation of chiral stationary phase (CSP) for high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). During the process, a number of parameters, including the type of coating solvent, amount of coating, and the method for subsequent solvent removing, have been proved to affect the performance of the resultant CSPs. Coating times and the concentration of coating solution, however, also makes a difference to CSPs' performance by changing the arrangement of cellulose derivatives while remaining the coating amount constant, have much less been studied before, and thereby, were systematically investigated in this work. Results showed that CSPs with more coating times exhibited higher chiral recognition and column efficiency, suggesting that resolution was determined by column efficiency herein. Afterwards, we also investigated the effect of coating amount on the performance of CSPs, and it was shown that the ability of enantio‐recognition did not increase all the time as the coating amount; and four of seven racemates achieved best resolution when the coating amount reached to 18.37%. At the end, the reproducibility of CDMPC‐coated CSPs were further confirmed by two methods, ie, reprepared the CSP‐0.15‐3 and reevaluated the effect of coating times.
Enantiomeric separation of prothioconazole and prothioconazole‐desthio on chiral stationary phases
Authors: Liu Hui , Ding Wei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProthioconazole is a type of broad‐spectrum triazole thione fungicide developed by the Bayer Company. Prothioconazole‐desthio is the main metabolite of prothioconazole in the environment. In our study, enantiomeric separation of prothioconazole and prothioconazole‐desthio was performed on various chiral stationary phases (CSPs) by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that polysaccharide CSPs showed better ability than brushing CSPs in enantiomeric separation. The successful chiral separation of prothioconazole could be achieved on self‐made Chiralcel OD, commercialized Chiralcel OJ‐H and Lux Cellulose‐1. Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY‐H, Chiralpak AZ‐H, and Lux Cellulose‐1 realized the baseline separation of prothioconazole‐desthio enantiomers. Simultaneous enantiomeric separation of prothioconazole and prothioconazole‐desthio was performed on Lux Cellulose‐1 using acetonitrile (ACN) and water as mobile phase. In most cases, low temperature favored the separation of two compounds. The influence of the mobile phase ratio or type was deeply discussed. We obtained larger Rs and longer analysis time with a smaller proportion of isopropanol (IPA) or ethanol and more water content at the same temperature. The ratio of ACN and water had influences on the outflow orders of prothioconazole‐desthio enantiomers. This work provides a new approach for chiral separation of prothioconazole and prothioconazole‐desthio with a discussion of chiral separation mechanism on different CSPs.
Cortical and thalamic connectivity of occipital visual cortical areas 17, 18, 19, and 21 of the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Dell Leigh‐Anne , Innocenti Giorgio M. , Hilgetag Claus C. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present study describes the ipsilateral and contralateral corticocortical and corticothalamic connectivity of the occipital visual areas 17, 18, 19, and 21 in the ferret using standard anatomical tract‐tracing methods. In line with previous studies of mammalian visual cortex connectivity, substantially more anterograde and retrograde label was present in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injection site compared to the contralateral hemisphere. Ipsilateral reciprocal connectivity was the strongest within the occipital visual areas, while weaker connectivity strength was observed in the temporal, suprasylvian, and parietal visual areas. Callosal connectivity tended to be strongest in the homotopic cortical areas, and revealed a similar areal distribution to that observed in the ipsilateral hemisphere, although often less widespread across cortical areas. Ipsilateral reciprocal connectivity was observed throughout the visual nuclei of the dorsal thalamus, with no contralateral connections to the visual thalamus being observed. The current study, along with previous studies of connectivity in the cat, identified the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian visual area (PMLS) as a distinct network hub external to the occipital visual areas in carnivores, implicating PMLS as a potential gateway to the parietal cortex for dorsal stream processing. These data will also contribute to a macro connectome database of the ferret brain, providing essential data for connectomics analyses and cross‐species analyses of connectomes and brain connectivity matrices, as well as providing data relevant to additional studies of cortical connectivity across mammals and the evolution of cortical connectivity variation.