bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PVA‐ and PEG‐assisted sol‐gel synthesis of aluminosilicate precursors for N‐A‐S‐H geopolymer cements
Authors: Gevaudan Juan Pablo , Wallat Jaqueline D. , Lama Bimala , Srubar Wil V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigates critical factors affecting polymer‐assisted sol‐gel synthesis of synthetic aluminosilicate powders that can be alkali‐activated to produce a sodium‐stabilized aluminosilicate hydrate (N‐A‐S‐H) geopolymer cement. More specifically, a 22factorial experiment was conducted to elucidate the influence of polymer architecture (ie, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) vs poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)), polymer content (ie, low vs high ion‐to‐polymer‐oxide (I/O) atomic ratio), and sol‐gel aging pH conditions (ie, low vs high) on the atomic structure of resultant synthetic aluminosilicate powders and geopolymer cements. Molecular structure was investigated using solid‐state (single‐pulse and1H cross‐polarization)29Si and27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The mineralogy of geopolymer cements was assessed with X‐ray diffraction and compared to alkali‐activated metakaolin‐based cements of equivalent stoichiometry. Results demonstrate that polymer architecture (PEG vs PVA) is a key factor in producing (a) undesirable phase segregation (ie,γ‐alumina) and (b) incomplete dehydroxylation (ie, vicinal silanol) in synthetic aluminosilicate powders. More specifically, PEG‐derived aluminosilicate powders yield partial dissolution and produce geopolymer cements with variable silicate incorporation. Contrastingly, PVA‐derived aluminosilicate powders produce geopolymer cements with identical mineralogy to that of metakaolin‐based geopolymer cements and exhibit both Brønsted‐acid sites near the aluminum nuclei and geminal silanol groups. Sol‐gel aging pH conditions reveal the ability to influence the hydroxyl group content, which is an important factor affecting the durability of cementitious materials. Lastly, three plausible mechanisms of metal complexation are hypothesized to permit incorporation of solubilized metal ionsviaa polymer‐assisted sol‐gel process.
Reinforced reasoning in medicine
Authors: Auker‐Howlett Daniel , Wilde Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSome philosophers have argued that evidence of underlying mechanisms does not provide evidence for the effectiveness of a medical intervention. One such argument appeals to the unreliability of mechanistic reasoning. However, mechanistic reasoning is not the only way that evidence of mechanisms might provide evidence of effectiveness. A more reliable type of reasoning may be distinguished by appealing to recent work on evidential pluralism in the epistemology of medicine. A case study from virology provides an example of this so‐called reinforced reasoning in medicine. It is argued that in this case study, the available evidence of underlying mechanisms did in fact play a role in providing evidence in favour of a medical intervention. This paper therefore adds a novel and recent case study to the literature in support of evidential pluralism in medicine.
No evidence for cell‐to‐cell transmission of the unfolded protein response in cell culture
Authors: van Ziel Anna M. , Wolzak Kimberly , Nölle Anna , Hoetjes Petrus J. , Berenjeno‐Correa Ernesto , van Anken Eelco , Struys Eduard A. , Scheper Wiep 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe unfolded protein response (UPR) is one of the major cell‐autonomous proteostatic stress responses. The UPR has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and is therefore actively investigated as therapeutic target. In this respect, cell non‐autonomous effects of the UPR including the reported cell‐to‐cell transmission of UPR activity may be highly important. A pharmaca‐based UPR induction was employed to generate conditioned media (CM) from CM‐donating neuronal (‘donor’) cells (SK‐N‐SH and primary mouse neurons). As previously reported, upon subsequent transfer of CM to naive neuronal ‘acceptor’ cells, we confirmed UPR target mRNA and protein expression by qPCR and automated microscopy. However, UPR target gene expression was also induced in the absence of donor cells, indicating carry‐over of pharmaca. Genetic induction of single pathways of the UPR in donor cells did not result in UPR transmission to acceptor cells. Moreover, no transmission was detected upon full UPR activation by nutrient deprivation or inducible expression of the heavy chain of immunoglobulin M in donor HeLa cells. In addition, in direct co‐culture of donor cells expressing the immunoglobulin M heavy chain and fluorescent UPR reporter acceptor HeLa cells, UPR transmission was not observed. In conclusion, carry‐over of pharmaca is a major confounding factor in pharmaca‐based UPR transmission protocols that are therefore unsuitable to study cell‐to‐cell UPR transmission. In addition, the absence of UPR transmission in non‐pharmaca‐based models of UPR activation indicates that cell‐to‐cell UPR transmission does not occur in cell culture.
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Lactic acid 5% mouth wash vs Kenalog in Orabase 0.1% for treatment and prophylaxis of recurrent aphthous ulcer
Authors: Ibrahim Samia A. , Elkot Reham A. , Soliman Hend E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe outcomes of most therapeutic modalities for recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) are still unsatisfactory.AimTo evaluate lactic acid 5% mouth wash vs Kenalog in Orabase for treatment and prophylaxis of RAU.Patients/MethodsForty cases with early‐onset idiopathic RAU were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two equal groups; group A patients had used Kenalog in Orabase twice daily, and group B patients had used lactic acid 5% mouth wash 3 times daily. All patients had used the therapy for 1‐2 weeks according to patients' clinical response that was evaluated according to oral clinical manifestations index (OCMI); before therapy, during course of treatments and in follow‐up visits.ResultsAt the ends of both first and second weeks, from beginning of therapy, OCMI was reduced more in group B patients than in group A with statistically significant results. These results revealed that group B achieved more reduction in the size, pain, and healing time of RAU. During the follow‐up period, group A showed 40% recurrence rate while group B showed 5% only.ConclusionsLactic acid 5% mouth wash is natural, safe, and effective so it is better alternative to corticosteroids for treatment and prophylaxis of RAU without any side effects.
Survey on egg and fry production of giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy): Current rearing practices and recommendations for future research
Authors: Kristanto Anang Hari , Slembrouck Jacques , Subagja Jojo , Pouil Simon , Arifin Otong Zenal , Prakoso Vitas Atmadi , Legendre Marc 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGiant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) is one of the main freshwater fish of economic importance in Indonesia. Although this species has been reared for decades, particularly in the province of West Java, and naturally spawns in captivity, the availability of fry is still a limiting factor in aquaculture. Research efforts on giant gourami aquaculture are, however, limited and do not always address the difficulties encountered by fish farmers. The objectives of the present study were to provide the first description of giant gourami egg and fry production and highlight the main problems faced by farmers through targeted questionnaires and interviews. Our results show that the production of this species from eggs to juveniles is highly segmented, and there are currently no clear and standardized production methods. Farming practices vary greatly from one fish farmer to another. Climate factors (such as rain and temperature), proximity to urban areas, and the availability and quality of food are identified as the main limiting factors for egg and fry production. Based on a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats analysis, we explore possible approaches to improve giant gourami aquaculture in Indonesia. The present study provides guidance for future research.
Increased incidence of autoimmune hepatitis is associated with wider use of biological drugs
Authors: Valgeirsson Kjartan B. , Hreinsson Jóhann P. , Björnsson Einar S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground & aimsPopulation‐based studies on the epidemiology of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are scarce. Drug‐induced AIH (DIAIH) is increasingly recognized in association with immunomodulatory therapy. We aimed to determine the incidence, prevalence and natural history of AIH in a population‐based setting.MethodsWe collected data of new diagnosis of AIH in Iceland from 2006 to 2015. Cases were identified through search of diagnostic codes and text search for AIH within electronical medical records of all hospitals in Iceland and through records of smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) test results by the only laboratory in the country analyzing SMA. Patients were included in the final analysis if they received the clinical diagnosis of AIH or were started on immunosuppressive therapy.ResultsThe mean annual incidence of AIH in Iceland was 2.2 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. Point prevalence on 31 December 2015 was 27/100 000. The median age at diagnosis was 56 years and 86% of patients were of female gender. DIAIH was suspected in 13 of 71 patients (18%) of which eight cases were related to infliximab. Immunosuppressive treatment was started in all but two patients. At the end of follow‐up (median 4.8 years) 66 of 71 (93%) patients were alive.ConclusionThe incidence and prevalence rates of AIH in Iceland are the highest reported so far in a population‐based setting. Higher incidence can partly be explained by the increasing use of biological drugs. Immunosuppressive therapy was very effective in achieving remission and prognosis was favorable.
Find your balance – the challenges of developing portion size guidance for the public
Authors: Benelam B. , Stanner S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPortion size of foods and drinks is likely to be an important factor in helping people to control their weight. The British Nutrition Foundation (BNF) undertook work, with input from an Expert Panel of academics, to develop portion size guidance for healthy adults to complement the UK Eatwell Guide. A Working Group from the food industry provided funding and input on issues related to their sector. To inform the development of the portion size guide, information on portion sizes provided in food‐based dietary guidance from selected countries was reviewed as well as the methods used to develop the guidance. Portion sizes for a range of foods from the main food groups of the Eatwell Guide (excluding fruit and vegetables) were developed with reference to consumption data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey and portion sizes available in major supermarkets. These were tested within different dietary patterns (e.g. omnivorous vs. vegetarian) for their ability to meet current UK food and nutrient‐based recommendations. Views on portion size and design concepts for the guidance were then explored in consumer focus groups. The final Find your balance resources were published in January 2019, with a large amount of associated media coverage and over 58 000 downloads from the BNF website in the 6 months following publication.
Neoliberalism and neoliberals: What are we talking about?
Authors: Lipscomb Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe terms neoliberalism and neoliberal play a variety of roles ranging from major to trivial in the papers they appear in. Both phrases carry pejorative connotations in nurse writing. Yet irrespective of the role assumed in argument, readers are rarely provided with enough information to determine what the descriptors mean in a substantive or concrete sense. It is proposed that scholars who use these terms in their work should consider expressing themselves more carefully than often occurs at present. Virtue signalling in academic writing should, absent critical argument, be discouraged.
Mineralogy and geochemistry of atypical reduction spheroids from the Tumblagooda Sandstone, Western Australia
Authors: Fox David C. M. , Spinks Samuel C. , Thorne Robert L. , Barham Milo , Aspandiar Mehrooz , Armstrong Joseph G. T. , Uysal Tonguç , Timms Nicholas E. , Pearce Mark A. , Verrall Michael , Godel Belinda , Whisson Brad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReduction spheroids are small‐scale, biogenic, redox‐controlled, metal enrichments that occur within red beds globally. This study provides the first analysis of the compositionally unique reduction spheroids of the Tumblagooda Sandstone. The work aims to account for their composition and consequently improve existing models for reduction spheroids generally, which presently fail to account for the mineralogy of the Tumblagooda Sandstone reduction spheroids. Interstitial areas between detrital grains contained in the cores of these reduction spheroids are dominated by microplaty haematite, in addition to minor amounts of svanbergite, gorceixite, anatase, uraninite, monazite and illite. The haematite‐rich composition, along with an absence of base metal phases and the vanadiferous mica roscoelite, makes these reduction spheroids notable in comparison to other global reduction spheroid occurrences. Analyses of illite crystallinity provide values for samples of the Tumblagooda Sandstone host rock corresponding to heating temperatures of ca 200°C. Consequently, while Tumblagooda Sandstone reduction spheroids formed via the typical metabolic processes of dissimilatory metal‐reducing bacteria, the combination of a unique mineralogy and illite crystallinity analysis provides evidence of more complex late‐stage heating and reoxidation. This has not previously been recognised in other reduction spheroids and therefore expands the existing model for reduction spheroid genesis by also considering the potential for late‐stage alteration. As such, future reduction spheroid studies should consider the potential impact of post‐formation modification, particularly where they are to be used as evidence of ancient microbial processes; such as in the search for early evidence of life in the geological record on Earth or other planets. Additionally, because of their potential for modification, reduction spheroids serve as a record of the redox history of red beds and their study could provide insights into the evolution of redox conditions within a given red bed during its diagenesis. Finally, this paper also provides insights into the relatively understudied diagenetic history of the Tumblagooda Sandstone; supplying the first reliable and narrow constraints on its thermal history. This has important implications for the thermal history of the Carnarvon Basin and its petroleum prospectivity more broadly.
On Behalf of Holy Creatures: Hélène Cixous Reads Leviticus, or, la lecture immonde
Authors: Klangwisan Yael 
Published: August 2019

This article performs a critical creative reading of several texts: Lev 11, Lispector’s The Passion according to G. H., and Cixous’s essay “The School of Roots”. Each of these texts seeks to understand the human relation to the animal. Cixous’s project in “The School of Roots” is, as Derrida does in L’animal, to interrogate and reinscribe the biblical text, so that another relation between the human and the animal might become possible. From the platform that Lispector and Cixous create, this reader seeks to open the biblical text to a counter-reading on behalf of the holy creature.
Adverse events associated with human papillomavirus vaccines: a protocol for systematic review with network meta-analysis incorporating all randomised controlled trials comparing with placebo, adjuvants and other vaccines
Authors: Takeuchi Jiro , Noma Hisashi , Sakanishi Yuta , Kawamura Takashi 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionAdverse events following the injection (AEFIs) of human papillomavirus vaccine (HPVv) among female adolescents are still a major public health concern.MethodsAccording to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension statement for systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses, all prospective randomised trials will be included. The primary outcome for adverse events is topical pain during the observation period.We will mainly search 17 electronic databases from January 2000 through September 2019 with suitable Medical Subject Headings and text words for PubMed. Two reviewers will independently check the reports at the title/abstract level and identify potentially applicable studies. Then we will obtain their full texts and decide whether to include them based on the same eligible criteria.We will compare HPVv with placebo, HPVv with adjuvant and HPVv with other vaccines. Interstudy heterogeneity, publication biases or small study effects will be evaluated using conventional meta-analysis methods. The consistency of the network will be checked using tests for local and global inconsistency and the side-splitting method. To address the heterogeneity of treatment effects among the studies, we will use the multivariable random effect model.Ethics and disseminationThis pairwise or network meta-analysis does not require ethics approval. The data used here are not individual nor private. We will be able to determine which component of the vaccine induces adverse events, especially topical pain. This systematic review with network meta-analysis will provide valid answers regarding AEFIs for HPVv.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018109265
Glucocorticoids for acute urticaria: study protocol for a double-blind non-inferiority randomised controlled trial
Authors: Javaud Nicolas , Soria Angele , Maignan Maxime , Martin Ludovic , Descamps Vincent , Fain Olivier , Bouillet Laurence , Berard Frederic , Tazarourte Karim , Roy Pierre-Marie , Fontaine Jean-Paul , Bagot Martine , Khellaf Mehdi , Goulet Helene , Lapostolle Frederic , Casalino Enrique , Doutre Marie-Sylvie , Gil-Jardine Cedric , Caux Frederic , Chosidow Olivier , Pateron Dominique , Vicaut Eric , Adnet Frederic 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionThis study protocol describes a trial designed to investigate whether antihistamine alone in patients with acute urticaria does not increase the 7-day Urticaria Activity Score (UAS7) in comparison with an association of antihistamine and glucocorticoids and reduces short-term relapses and chronic-induced urticaria.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre non-inferiority randomised controlled trial. Two-hundred and forty patients with acute urticaria admitted to emergency department will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive levocetirizine or an association of levocetirizine and prednisone. Randomisation will be stratified by centre. The primary outcome will be the UAS7 at day 7. The secondary outcomes will encompass recurrence of hives and/or itch at day 7; occurrence of spontaneous hives or itch for >6 weeks; patients with angioedema at day 7, and 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks; new emergency visits for acute urticaria recurrences at days 7 and 14, and 3 months; Dermatology Life Quality Index at days 7 and 14, and 3 and 6 months; and Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire at 6 weeks.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by theComité de Protection des PersonnesSud-Méditerranée IIand will be carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. A steering committee will oversee the progress of the study. Findings will be disseminated through national and international scientific conferences and publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03545464
Efficacy of artemisinin-based and quinine-based treatments for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pregnancy: a protocol for systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis
Authors: Saito Makoto , Mansoor Rashid , Kennon Kalynn , McGready Rose , Nosten François , Guérin Philippe J , Stepniewska Kasia 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionPregnant women are more vulnerable to malaria leading to adverse impact on both mothers and fetuses. However, knowledge on the efficacy and safety of antimalarials in pregnancy is limited by the paucity of randomised control trials and the lack of standardised protocols in this special subpopulation. Pooling individual patient data (IPD) for meta-analysis could address in part these limitations to summarise accurately the currently available evidence on treatment efficacy and risk factors for treatment failure.Methods and analysisTo assess the treatment efficacy of artemisinin-based and quinine-based treatments for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pregnancy, seven databases (Medline, Embase, Global Health, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde) and two clinical trial registries (International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrial.gov) were searched. Both interventional and observational cohort studies following up for at least 28 days will be included. IPD of the identified eligible published or unpublished studies will be sought by inviting principal investigators. Raw IPD will be shared through the web-based secure platform developed by the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network using the established methodology. The primary objective is to compare the risk of PCR-corrected treatment failure among different treatments and to find the risk factors. One-stage IPD meta-analysis by Cox model with shared frailty will be conducted. A risk of bias assessment will be conducted to address the impact of unshared potential data and of the quality of individual studies. Potential limitations include difficulty in acquiring the IPD and heterogeneity of the study designs due to the lack of standard.Ethics and disseminationThis IPD meta-analysis consists of secondary analyses of existing anonymous data and meets the criteria for waiver of ethics review by the Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee. The results of this IPD meta-analysis will be disseminated through open-access publications at peer-reviewed journals. The study results will lead to a better understanding of malaria treatment in pregnancy, which can be used for clinical decision-making and conducting further studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018104013.