bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Survival Among Young Women With Stage I–III Breast Cancer: SEER 2000–2015
Authors: Thomas Alexandra , Rhoads Anthony , Pinkerton Elizabeth , Schroeder Mary C , Conway Kristin M , Hundley William G , McNally Lacey R , Oleson Jacob , Lynch Charles F , Romitti Paul A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Although recent findings suggest that de novo stage IV breast cancer is increasing in premenopausal women in the United States, contemporary incidence and survival data are lacking for stage I–III cancer.

Methods
Women aged 20–29 (n = 3826), 30–39 (n = 34 585), and 40–49 (n = 126 552) years who were diagnosed with stage I–III breast cancer from 2000 to 2015 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries database. Age-adjusted, average annual percentage changes in incidence and 5- and 10-year Kaplan-Meier survival curves were estimated by race and ethnicity, stage, and hormone receptor (HR) status and grade (low to well and moderately differentiated; high to poorly and undifferentiated) for each age decade.

Results
The average annual percentage change in incidence was positive for each age decade and was highest among women aged 20–29 years. Increased incidence was driven largely by HR+ cancer, particularly HR+ low-grade cancer in women aged 20–29 and 40–49 years. By 2015, incidence of HR+ low- and high-grade cancer each independently exceeded incidence of HR− cancer in each age decade. Survival for HR+ low- and high-grade cancer decreased with decreasing age; survival for HR− cancer was similar across age decades. Among all women aged 20–29 years, 10-year survival for HR+ high-grade cancer was lower than that for HR+ low-grade or HR− cancer. Among women aged 20–29 years with stage I cancer, 10-year survival was lowest for HR+ high-grade cancer.

Conclusions
HR+ breast cancer is increasing in incidence among premenopausal women, and HR+ high-grade cancer was associated with reduced survival among women aged 20–29 years. Our findings can help guide further evaluation of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for breast cancer among premenopausal women.
Estimating Biomass Availability and Cost When Implementing Forest Restoration with Tethered Harvest Systems
Authors: Petitmermet Joshua H , Fried Jeremy S , Sessions John 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUsing an adaptation of Forest Inventory and Analysis’s BioSum framework, which models prospective management of forested landscapes using forest inventory data, we tested several fire-resistance-promoting restoration treatments, implemented with tethered cut-to-length harvest systems, for effectiveness and economic feasibility in the dry national forests of southern Oregon and northern California. Treatments elevated fire resistance on most forested area, primarily via increases in the separation of canopy and surface fuels and among tree crowns, and the most effective treatments could more than cover treatment cost with sales of wood in most stands. If, instead of disposal by burning at the landing, small-diameter wood was delivered to a biochar facility capable of paying US$50 per bone dry ton, this would increase the share of forest area on which treatment could break even from 61 percent to 67 percent, slightly more than the 66 achievable with a treatment subsidy of US$100 ac−1. Potential treatment area appears to be currently constrained by institutional capacity, not treatment effectiveness, economics, opportunity, or need. Even with the currently modest scale of management activity, sufficient biochar feedstock is available in the upper Klamath Basin to supply at least one large-scale biochar facility over the next 20 years.
From Maximizing to Minimizing: A National Study of State Bureaucrats and Their Budget Preferences
Authors: Arapis Theodore , Bowling Cynthia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSince the 1960s, public choice theorists have stigmatized bureaucrats as budget maximizers who only care for expanding their own agencies. Despite evidence revealing much more diverse budget behaviors, scholars have almost exclusively focused on studying budget maximizing and its associated factors. To address this limitation, this study employs a multi-level cross-classified logistic regression model to explore factors associated with budget-minimizing preferences or goals instead. While budget preferences may differ from actual budget requests, where administrators may ask for higher or lower funding, they are the initial goals for strategic budgetary requests and deserve attention. Using four decades of the American State Administrators Project (1974–2008), we analyzed responses from eight surveys reflecting the views of approximately 9,500 state agency administrators across all years. We found a notable number of state administrators holding no aspirations for agency or state budget expansion—budget minimizers. As is the case when administrators formulate their actual strategic budget requests, agency heads’ ultimate goals are shaped by not only the characteristics and internal attitudes of administrators but also by the entire context in which agency heads are embedded. Governors, clientele groups, state budgeting rules, and the fiscal environment all played a role when state administrators formed minimizing budget preferences. Interestingly, while some of these actors continually helped shape budget minimizing over time, others had more limited or time-bound effects.
The Political Psychology of Citizen Satisfaction: Does Functional Responsibility Matter?
Authors: Jilke Sebastian , Baekgaard Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe provision of public services is a key responsibility of elected politicians. Research suggests that citizens’ satisfaction evaluations of public services are incomplete representations of service quality and performance. However, little attention has been given to the political nature of service evaluations. Based on the theory of (partisan) motivated reasoning and the literature on responsibility attribution, we argue that citizens provide more favorable evaluations of municipal services when the responsibility for these services is vested in political principals with matching partisanship. Drawing on original data from a two-wave pre-post panel survey of Danish voters in the 2017 municipal elections, we employ a difference-in-differences estimator to identify the effect of a partisan match between voters and elected municipal leaders on citizen satisfaction with municipal services. We furthermore nest a survey experiment in the panel survey to test whether partisan bias in citizen satisfaction emerges when the line of functional responsibility between political principals and public services is clear and not dispersed across multiple actors. Our findings provide support for the hypothesis of partisan bias in satisfaction evaluations. We further demonstrate the importance of clarity of responsibility; partisan bias seems to come into being when the functional responsibility of municipal leaders for public services is clear and not dispersed across multiple actors, pointing toward a possible mechanism of partisan bias in citizen satisfaction.
Potential Clinical Effects of a Novel Rapid Diagnostic Panel for Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infections
Authors: Searns Justin B , Gralla Jane , Parker Sarah K , Dominguez Samuel R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A direct-from-source rapid musculoskeletal diagnostic panel (MDP) was validated recently. We compared clinical measures to theoretical time points had MDP results been available. The MDP would have significantly decreased the time to pathogen identification (7 hours), time to definitive antimicrobial therapy (22 hours), and hospital length of stay (26.4 hours).
Clinical suspicion is key: an unusual presentation of septic arthritis after distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Prince Joel M , Fan Ji , Misra Subhasis 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Septic arthritis is the result of an infectious agent gaining access a sterile joint. This results in a devastating inflammatory response that leads to rapid destruction of intra-articular cartilage and with it significant morbidity. This case study reports an unusual presentation of septic arthritis following abdominal surgery; specifically, a distal pancreatectomy performed for an enlarged, mid-body pancreas mass involving the splenic artery. This is the first reported case of septic arthritis following abdominal surgery, though the exact etiology is unknown.
Aesthetic appreciation and Spanish art: insights from eye-tracking
Authors: Bailey-Ross Claire , Beresford Andrew M , Smith Daniel T , Warwick Claire 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Eye-tracking—the process of capturing and measuring human eye movement—is becoming an increasingly prevalent tool in the cultural heritage sector to understand visual processing and audience behaviours. Yet, most applications to date have focused on individual artworks and distinctions between representative/non-representative topics, with little prior work on the effects of differing written interpretations on the visual exploration of collections of artworks, particularly with devotional themes. This article reports on an eye-tracking study that explored responses to the unique collection of Francisco de Zurbarán paintings in County Durham. Using eye-tracking technology in a laboratory setting, we evaluated the viewing behaviour of three participant groups to determine whether the accompanying written context influences how digital reproductions are experienced. In addition to demonstrating statistically significant variations in aesthetic appreciation, the experiments showed that the gaze can be redirected towards areas of conceptual significance. Most importantly, we were able to challenge the assumption that viewers always look at faces (Bindemann et al., 2005). Our findings make an important new contribution to the scholarly understanding of how audiences view, appreciate, and understand artworks and to museum and heritage practices relevant to the display of art.
Hormones modulate Candida vaginal isolates biofilm formation and decrease their susceptibility to azoles and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Gonçalves Bruna , Azevedo Nuno Miguel , Henriques Mariana , Silva Sónia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection usually caused by Candida albicans and increasingly by Candida glabrata, which has an intrinsically high resistance to commonly used antifungals. Candida species possess virulence factors that contribute to VVC development, as the ability to form biofilms in vaginal walls and intrauterine devices. It is known that VVC is promoted by conditions that increase the hormones levels, during pregnancy, however, the effects of hormones on Candida cells are poorly studied, especially in C. glabrata. Thus, the influence of progesterone and β-estradiol, at normal cycle and pregnancy concentrations, on biofilm formation and resistance of C. albicans and C. glabrata vaginal isolates, was analyzed using acidic conditions (pH 4). Biofilms of C. albicans developed in the presence of hormones presented reduced biomass (up to 65%) and impaired cells ability to produce filamentous forms. On the other hand, C. glabrata presented high adaptation to the presence of hormones, which did not affect its biofilm formation. Additionally, hormones impaired the susceptibility of C. albicans and C. glabrata cells to azoles, with potential clinical significance in the presence of pregnancy hormone levels. A similar result was obtained for the susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide, a biological vaginal barrier against Candida growth. Overall, the results of this study suggest that hormones may act as environmental cues promoting Candida protection from vaginal defenses and harmful conditions, what may have implications in Candida vaginal pathogenicity and treatment of VVC, especially in C. glabrata infections due to its high adaptability to vaginal conditions.
The antifungal activities and biological consequences of BMVC-12C-P, a carbazole derivative against Candida species
Authors: Shen Mandy , Li Pei-Tzu , Wu Yan-Jia , Lin Ching-Hsuan , Chai Eric , Chang Ta-Chau , Chen Chin-Tin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Fungal infections, particularly Candida species, have increased worldwide and caused high morbidity and mortality rates. The toxicity and development of resistance in present antifungal drugs justify the need of new drugs with different mechanism of action. BMVC-12C-P, a carbazole-type compound, has been found to dysfunction mitochondria. BMVC-12C-P displayed the strongest antifungal activities among all of the BMVC derivatives. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BMVC-12C-P against Candida species ranged from 1 to 2 μg/ml. Fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida species were highly susceptible to BMVC-12C-P. The potent fungicidal activity of BMVC-12C-P relates to its impairing mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we found that the hyphae growth and biofilm formation were suppressed in C. albicans survived from BMVC-12C-P treatment. This study demonstrates the potential of BMVC-12C-P as an antifungal agent for treating Candida infections.
Species identification, antifungal susceptibility, and clinical feature association of Aspergillus section Nigri isolates from the lower respiratory tract
Authors: Takeda Keita , Suzuki Junko , Watanabe Akira , Matsuki Mei , Higa Katsuyuki , Inoue Eri , Akashi Shunsuke , Shimada Masahiro , Kawashima Masahiro , Ohshima Nobuharu , Fukami Takeshi , Masuda Kimihiko , Yamane Akira , Tamura Atsuhisa , Nagai Hideaki , Matsui Hirotoshi , Tohma Shigeto , Kamei Katsuhiko 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Species of Aspergillus section Nigri are generally identified by molecular genetics approaches, whereas in clinical practice, they are classified as A. niger by their morphological characteristics. This study aimed to investigate whether the species of Aspergillus section Nigri isolated from the respiratory tract vary depending on clinical diagnosis. Forty-four Aspergillus section Nigri isolates isolated from the lower respiratory tracts of 43 patients were collected from February 2012 to January 2017 at the National Hospital Organization (NHO) Tokyo National Hospital. Species identification was carried out based on β-tubulin gene analysis. Drug susceptibility tests were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38 3rd edition, and the clinical characteristics were retrospectively reviewed. A. welwitschiae was isolated most frequently, followed by A. tubingensis. More than half of the A. tubingensis isolates exhibited low susceptibility to azoles in contrast to only one A. welwitschiae isolate. Approximately three quarters of the patients from whom A. welwitschiae was isolated were diagnosed with colonization, whereas more than half the patients from whom A. tubingensis was isolated were diagnosed with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). More attention needs to be given to the drug choice for patients with CPA with Aspergillus section Nigri infection because A. tubingensis, which was found to be frequently azole-resistant, was the most prevalent in these patients.
Black hole mass estimation for active galactic nuclei from a new angle
Authors: Baron Dalya , Ménard Brice 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The scaling relations between supermassive black holes and their host galaxy properties are of fundamental importance in the context black hole-host galaxy co-evolution throughout cosmic time. In this work, we use a novel algorithm that identifies smooth trends in complex data sets and apply it to a sample of 2000 type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) spectra. We detect a sequence in emission line shapes and strengths which reveals a correlation between the narrow L([O iii])/L(H β) line ratio and the width of the broad H α. This scaling relation ties the kinematics of the gas clouds in the broad line region to the ionization state of the narrow line region, connecting the properties of gas clouds kiloparsecs away from the black hole to material gravitationally bound to it on sub-parsec scales. This relation can be used to estimate black hole masses from narrow emission lines only. It therefore enables black hole mass estimation for obscured type 2 AGNs and allows us to explore the connection between black holes and host galaxy properties for thousands of objects, well beyond the local Universe. Using this technique, we present the MBH–σ and MBH–M* scaling relations for a sample of about 10 000 type 2 AGNs from Sloan Digital Sky Survey. These relations are remarkably consistent with those observed for type 1 AGNs, suggesting that this new method may perform as reliably as the classical estimate used in non-obscured type 1 AGNs. These findings open a new window for studies of black hole-host galaxy co-evolution throughout cosmic time.
A first model-independent radial BAO constraint from the final BOSS sample
Authors: Marra Valerio , Chirinos Isidro Eddy G 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Using almost one million galaxies from the final Data Release 12 of the SDSS’s Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), we have obtained, albeit with low significance, a first model-independent determination of the radial baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) peak with 9 per cent error: ΔzBAO(zeff = 0.51) = 0.0456 ± 0.0042. In order to obtain this measurement, the radial correlation function was computed in 7700 angular pixels, from which the mean correlation function and covariance matrix were obtained, making the analysis completely model-independent. This novel method of obtaining the covariance matrix was validated via comparison with 500 BOSS mock catalogues. This ΔzBAO determination can be used to constrain the background expansion of exotic models for which the assumptions adopted in the standard analysis cannot be satisfied. Future galaxy catalogues from J-PAS, DESI, and Euclid are expected to significantly increase the quality and significance of model-independent determinations of the BAO peak, possibly determined at various redshift and angular positions. We stress that it is imperative to test the standard paradigm in a model-independent way in order to test its foundations, maximize the extraction of information from the data, and look for clues regarding the poorly understood dark energy and dark matter.
New mass bound on fermionic dark matter from a combined analysis of classical dSphs
Authors: Savchenko D , Rudakovskyi A 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTDwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) are the most compact dark-matter-dominated objects observed so far. The Pauli exclusion principle limits the number of fermionic dark matter particles that can compose a dSph halo. This results in a well-known lower bound on their particle mass. So far, such bounds were obtained from the analysis of individual dSphs. In this paper, we model dark matter halo density profiles via the semi-analytical approach and analyse the data from eight ‘classical’ dSphs assuming the same mass of dark matter fermion in each object. First, we find out that modelling of Carina dSph results in a much worse fitting quality compared to the other seven objects. From the combined analysis of the kinematic data of the remaining seven ‘classical’ dSphs, we obtain a new 2σ lower bound of m ≳ 190 eV on the dark matter fermion mass. In addition, by combining a sub-sample of four dSphs – Draco, Fornax, Leo I, and Sculptor – we conclude that 220 eV fermionic dark matter appears to be preferred over the standard cold dark matter at about the 2σ level. However, this result becomes insignificant if all seven objects are included in the analysis. Future improvement of the obtained bound requires more detailed data, both from ‘classical’ and ultra-faint dSphs.
Non-invasive mitochondrial DNA quantification on Day 3 predicts blastocyst development: a prospective, blinded, multi-centric study
Authors: Stigliani Sara , Orlando Giovanna , Massarotti Claudia , Casciano Ida , Bovis Francesca , Anserini Paola , Ubaldi Filippo M , Remorgida Valentino , Rienzi Laura , Scaruffi Paola 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn ART, embryo quality evaluation is routinely based on morphological criteria. We previously demonstrated that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)/genomic DNA (gDNA) ratio in culture medium was significantly associated with embryo quality and viability potential. The purpose of this prospective, blinded, multi-centric study was to validate the use of mtDNA/gDNA ratio in Day 3 spent medium as a predictor of human embryo developmental competence. The mtDNA/gDNA ratio was assessed in Day 3 culture media (n=484) of embryos from 143 patients by quantitative PCR. A mixed effect logistic regression model was applied. We found that mtDNA/gDNA ratio in Day 3 culture medium combined with embryo morphology improves the prediction upon blastulation compared to morphology alone (P < 0.0001), independent of patient and cycle characteristics. With regard to routine use in clinics, we evaluated the ability of the novel, combined grading score to improve selection of developmentally competent embryos of a single cohort. Including embryos from 44 patients, the sensibility and specificity of the scoring system based on Day 3 morphological stage were 92% and 13%, respectively. Integration with the culture medium mtDNA/gDNA ratio increased the performance of the method (sensibility: 95%; specificity: 65%). The results of this study suggest the possibility of carrying out a non-invasive evaluation of embryonic mtDNA content through the culture medium. When combined with embryo morphology, it has the potential to help embryologists rank embryos and choose which embryo(s) has the greater development potential, and thus should be transferred on Day 3, among sibling embryos with the same morphological grade.
Making Sense of Self: An Autoethnographic Study of Identity Formation for Adolescents in Music Therapy
Authors: Echard Allison 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTold through my experiences of working with three teenagers who had mild and moderate developmental disabilities, this autoethnographic study considers identity formation as a core concept in music therapy clinical practice. In doing so, I explored theories of identity formation, including those described by Erikson (1950, Childhood and society, Norton), Marcia and colleagues (1993, Ego identity: A handbook for psychosocial research, Springer), and Crocetti, Rubini, and Meeus (2008, Journal of Adolescence, 31(2), 207–222), relating these concepts to each of the teenagers I worked with. This article, therefore, chronicles the ways in which my clinical thinking shifted from a skills-based approach to one that considers the client’s identity as a whole, leading to suggestions of ways to integrate identity formation theory into clinical practice.