bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Practices Adopted by Track-and-Field Athletes: Gluten-Free, Low FODMAP, Vegetarian, and Fasting
Authors: Lis Dana M. , Kings Daniel , Larson-Meyer D. Enette 
Published: January 2019

Some track-and-field athletes implement special diets aiming to improve health and/or performance. An evidence-based approach to any diet is recommended to minimize the risks associated with unnecessary dietary restriction, which may potentially do more harm than good. Four prevalent diets are reviewed in this study: (a) gluten-free; (b) low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP); (c) vegetarian; and (d) fasting diets. Recently, gluten-free diets and low FODMAP diets have emerged as novel regimes thought to improve gastrointestinal health and reduce the risk of exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms. No direct beneficial outcomes have been associated with avoiding gluten for clinically healthy athletes. Indirectly, a gluten-free diet is associated with other dietary changes, particularly FODMAP reduction, which may improve adverse gastrointestinal symptoms. Vegetarian diets can optimally support athletic demands. However, attention is required to ensure adequate energy and intake of specific nutrients that are less abundant or less well absorbed from plant sources. Finally, fasting is a long-standing concept that is undertaken on a voluntary and obligatory basis. Despite limited supporting research, voluntary fasting is a popular alternative to conventional diets perceptually offering health and body composition benefits. Strict obligatory fasting guidelines likely require the implementation of tailored nutrition strategies to help athletes cope with athletic demands. Overall, a multitude of factors influence adherence to special diets. Even when adherence to a special diet is a necessity, education and advice from an accredited dietitian/nutritionist are recommended for track-and-field athletes to optimize nutrition for health and performance.
Scope-of-practice laws and expanded health services: the case of underserved women and advanced cervical cancer diagnoses
Authors: Smith-Gagen Julie , White Larissa L , Santos Amanda , Hasty Shaun M , Tung Wei-Chen , Lu Minggen 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundUnderserved women (rural, minority or poor) are disproportionally diagnosed with late-stage cervical cancer, indicative of inadequate access to, and use of, preventative healthcare. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has proposed that nurse practitioners (NP) can address provider shortages among underserved populations, but to reduce shortages, scope-of-practice laws that restrict the delivery of care, must be revised. We examined the IOM recommendation of NP expanded scope-of-practice laws on reducing the disparity of underserved women diagnosed with late-stage cervical cancer.MethodsWe examined the cohort of 10 673 women diagnosed with cervical cancer between 2010 and 2014 and reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry. We linked state-level laws regarding NP scope-of-practice to patients with cancer by their state of residence, diagnosis date and law enactment date. Hierarchical regression was used to explore NP full scope-of-practice law’s impact on late-stage cancer diagnoses considering the moderating effect of women living in medically underserved areas. We adjusted for known confounders available in this population-based data set.ResultsMedically underserved women living in states with laws that restrict NP full scope-of-practice are twofold more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage cancer; adjusted OR and 95% CI (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.1). These disparities were not observed among underserved women living in areaswithNP full scope-of-practice laws (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.3).ConclusionsNP full scope-of-practice laws could provide a pragmatic and cost-effective solution to healthcare provider shortages associated with late stage of cervical cancer diagnoses among underserved women.
Work-focused interventions that promote the labour market transition of young adults with chronic disabling health conditions: a systematic review
Authors: Jetha Arif , Shaw Robert , Sinden Adrienne R , Mahood Quenby , Gignac Monique AM , McColl Mary Ann , Martin Ginis Kathleen A 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveYoung adulthood is an important transitional life phase where careers are established. Young adults with chronic disabling health conditions are underrepresented in the labour market. Our study aims to examine the effectiveness of work-focused interventions that support the labour market transition of young adults with chronic disabling health conditions; and to examine whether the effectiveness of work-focused interventions differ across work transition phase (eg, preparation, entry and sustaining work, employment advancement) and disability type.MethodsA systematic review of articles published between January 1990 and July 2018 was conducted. Medline, EMBASE and PsycInfo were searched, and titles/abstracts and full texts of articles were reviewed for eligibility. Relevant articles were appraised for methodological quality. A best evidence synthesis was applied to medium-quality/high-quality studies to develop recommendations.Results5816 articles were identified; 10 articles were relevant and of moderate–high methodological quality. Six intervention categories were identified which focused on young adults with mental health or intellectual/learning disabilities (n=3) and addressed employment preparation (n=10) and/or work entry (n=9). No interventions addressed at-work issues or career advancement. Strong evidence existed for tailored supported employment (SE) interventions having a positive impact on preparation and entry into competitive employment. Also, moderate evidence existed for the positive impact of SE on preparation and entry into competitive employment for young adults with mental health conditions.ConclusionsTailored SE is recommended to foster preparation and entry into the labour market. Evidence-based interventions are needed to facilitate sustained work and career advancement of young adults living with different disabling health conditions.
Time-dependent effect on wetting and tribological properties of plasma-modified acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) surface
Authors: Zhang Zhao-Xiang , Shen Ming-Xue , Xiong Guang-Yao 
Published: January 2019

Different time air plasma treatment was conducted on acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) surface, the wettability and friction behavior of the samples surface were measured after two months of storage. The changes in surface composition and microstructure during storage process were observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. The results show that the wettability of modified surface has obvious “hydrophobic recovery” phenomenon in the storage process, and the range of contact angle increase is closely related to the plasma treatment time, mainly because the change in surface composition at various time treatment are different during storage; the frictional behavior of plasma-modified NBR surface has not exhibited a “recovery” phenomenon after two months of storage, and the friction coefficient of the surface treated for 4 min and 8 min were even smaller than those before storage, which is due to the smoother and lower roughness of the surface morphology after storage. This study demonstrates that air plasma treatment is a promising technique for improving the wettability and tribological properties of NBR rubber, but the proper treatment time is needed to make the surface have the best wetting and frictional behavior.
Preparation of graphene/Fe3O4/Ni electromagnetic microwave absorbing nano-composite materials
Authors: Huang Yu-Wei , Wang Yu-Jiang , Wei Shi-Cheng , Liang Yi , Huang Wei , Wang Bo , Xu Bin-Shi 
Published: January 2019

Graphene/Fe3O4/Ni nano-composite materials were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method from RGO, FeCl3 ⋅ 6H2O and purity Ni. The structure and electromagnetic microwave absorbing properties were investigated systematically by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and vector network analyzer (VNA). The reflectance was simulated based on the electromagnetic parameters to evaluate the absorption properties of the sample. The results show that Fe3O4 and Ni are on the surface of graphene evenly, the composites exhibit excellent microwave absorption properties, reflection loss and broad effective absorption bandwidth are −16.38 dB and 3.60 GHz, as the paraffin wax is 40% and the matching thickness is 2.00–3.50 mm.
Epidemiologic and Clinical Analysis of Cervical Cancer Using Data from the Population-Based Osaka Cancer Registry
Authors: Yagi Asami , Ueda Yutaka , Kakuda Mamoru , Tanaka Yusuke , Ikeda Sayaka , Matsuzaki Shinya , Kobayashi Eiji , Morishima Toshitaka , Miyashiro Isao , Fukui Keisuke , Ito Yuri , Nakayama Tomio , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Cervical cancer screening rate is extremely low and the governmental recommendation of HPV vaccine has been suspended for 5 years in Japan. Here, we utilized data from the Osaka Cancer Registry, collected between 1976 and 2012, to evaluate cervical cancer trends in Japan. Age-adjusted incidence, relative survival, and conditional survival rates were calculated using multiple imputation methods and period analyses in 25,826 cervical cancer cases. Association of survival rates and clinical factors, including patients' age, clinical stage, and treatment procedures, were also analyzed. A trend for significantly decreasing age-adjusted incidence of cervical cancer (per 100,000) began in 1976 but reversed after 2000, increasing significantly to date (annual percent change = 3.8, 95% confidence interval, 2.7–4.8; age-adjusted rate: 28.0 in 1976, 9.1 in 2000, 14.1 in 2012). The 10-year relative survival rate improved significantly after 2002, especially in cases of “localized” and “adjacent organs” disease; this was likely due to the introduction of concurrent chemotherapy and radiation. The conditional 5-year relative survival rate improved significantly yearly until the fourth survival year. In the surgery-based group, we observed no age-dependent differences in outcomes. Unexpectedly, however, prognosis for younger age groups was poorer in the radiation-based treatment group. These results indicate that although relative survival rates have recently increased, treatment for more advanced cases with distant metastasis requires further improvement. In addition, this study is the first to suggest that age might be an important predictor of radiotherapy resistance in cervical cancer.

Significance: A large-cohort analysis of cervical cancer cases reveals that age-adjusted incidence in Japan has increased since 2000 and that age may negatively correlate with resistance to radiotherapy.
Combination Paclitaxel and Palbociclib: Results of a Phase I Trial in Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Clark Amy S. , McAndrew Nicholas P. , Troxel Andrea , Feldman Michael , Lal Priti , Rosen Mark , Burrell Jessica , Redlinger Colleen , Gallagher Maryann , Bradbury Angela R. , Domchek Susan M. , Fox Kevin R. , O'Dwyer Peter J. , DeMichele Angela M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurpose:The CDK 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib rapidly and reversibly inhibits the cell cycle. The goal of this study was to exploit the cell cycle through intermittent, alternating dosing with palbociclib/paclitaxel to enhance efficacy. We determined the combination dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in patients with Rb protein–expressing, advanced breast cancer.Patients and Methods:This open-label, phase I trial (NCT01320592) enrolled patients to sequential cohorts of palbociclib orally dosed intermittently between days 1 and 19 of a 28-day cycle alternating with weekly paclitaxel. Dose escalation proceeded in a standard 3 + 3 design. Ten additional patients received the combination at the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Those who reached response plateau ≥6 cycles could continue on palbociclib alone on a 3 week on/1 week off schedule at one dose level above their combination dose.Results:Twenty-seven patients enrolled. Although there was only 1 DLT (grade 3 alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase at 125 mg), neutropenia (NTP) requiring dose modification in cycle 1 (C1) resulted in an RP2D of 75 mg palbociclib/80 mg/m2 paclitaxel. During C1, the most common adverse event was NTP, occurring in 15 patients (55.6%); grade 1 or 2 nausea and peripheral neuropathy were also observed in 8 patients each (29.6%). The clinical benefit rate was 55% at the RP2D; benefit was observed across all receptor subtypes.Conclusions:Alternating sequential palbociclib/paclitaxel in patients with Rb+ advanced breast cancer is feasible and safe, without evidence of additive toxicity. This represents a new application for CDK 4/6 inhibitors in Rb+ breast cancer regardless of subtype; efficacy trials are warranted.
Identification and Characterization of Oncogenic SOS1 Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cai Diana , Choi Peter S. , Gelbard Maya , Meyerson Matthew 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Lung adenocarcinomas are characterized by mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras/Raf pathway, with up to 75% of cases containing mutations in known driver genes. However, the driver alterations in the remaining cases are yet to be determined. Recent exome sequencing analysis has identified SOS1, encoding a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, as significantly mutated in lung adenocarcinomas lacking canonical oncogenic RTK/Ras/Raf pathway mutations. Here, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of lung adenocarcinoma–derived mutants of SOS1 induces anchorage-independent cell growth in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Biochemical experiments suggest that these mutations lead to overactivation of the Ras pathway, which can be suppressed by mutations that disrupt either the Ras-GEF or putative Rac-GEF activity of SOS1. Transcriptional profiling reveals that the expression of mutant SOS1 leads to the upregulation of MYC target genes and genes associated with Ras transformation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an AML cancer cell line harboring a lung adenocarcinoma–associated mutant SOS1 is dependent on SOS1 for survival and is also sensitive to MEK inhibition. Our work provides experimental evidence for the role of SOS1 as an oncogene and suggests a possible therapeutic strategy to target SOS1-mutated cancers.

Implications:
This study demonstrates that SOS1 mutations found in lung adenocarcinoma are oncogenic and that MEK inhibition may be a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of SOS1-mutant cancers.
Incidence and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium in South Asians Compared With 4 Race/Ethnic Groups
Authors: Kanaya Alka M. , Vittinghoff Eric , Lin Feng , Kandula Namratha R. , Herrington David , Liu Kiang , Blaha Michael , Budoff Matthew J. 
Published: January 2019

Background

South Asians have a relatively high prevalence of coronary artery calcium (
CAC
) compared with other race/ethnic groups. We determined
CAC
incidence and progression among South Asians, and compared them with 4 race/ethnic groups.

Methods and Results

Data from the
MASALA
(Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America) study were used to calculate
CAC
incidence and progression rates and any
CAC
change. Data from the
MESA
(Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) were used to compare the
CAC
incidence and progression rates. A total of 698 South Asians had repeat
CAC
measurements after 4.8±0.8 years. Among those with no
CAC
at baseline, the age‐adjusted
CAC
incidence was 8.8% (95% CI, 6.8–10.8%) in men and 3.6% (2.5–4.8%) in women. The median annual
CAC
progression was 26 (interquartile range, 11–62) for men and 13 (interquartile range, 4–34) for women. Compared with
MESA
, age‐adjusted
CAC
incidence was similar in South Asian men compared with white, black, and Latino men, but significantly higher than Chinese men (11.1% versus 5.7%,
P
=0.008). After adjusting for age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and statin medication use, Chinese, black, and Latino men had significantly less
CAC
change compared with South Asian men, but there were no differences between South Asian and white men. There was no difference in
CAC
incidence or progression between South Asian women and women in
MESA
.

Conclusions

South Asian men had greater
CAC
change than Chinese, black, and Latino men but similar change to that of whites after adjusting for traditional risk factors.
Uncertainty Assessment of the ERA-20C Reanalysis Based on the Monthly In Situ Precipitation Analysis of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre
Authors: Rustemeier Elke , Ziese Markus , Meyer-Christoffer Anja , Schneider Udo , Finger Peter , Becker Andreas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The uncertainty of the precipitation parameter in the ECMWF twentieth-century (ERA-20C) centennial reanalysis is assessed by means of a comparison with the GPCC in situ product Full Data Monthly Version 7 (FDM-V7). For the spatial and temporal validation of ERA-20C, global temporal scores were calculated on monthly, seasonal, and annual time scales. These include contingency table scores, correlations, and differences in the trend, along with time series analyses. Not surprisingly, the regions with the strongest deviations correspond to regions with data scarcity, such as mountainous regions with their upwind and downwind effects, and monsoon regions. They all show a strong systematic bias (ERA-20C minus FDM-V7) and significant breaks in the time series. The mean annual global bias is about 37 mm, and the median is about 8 mm yr−1. Among the largest mean annual biases are, for example, 3361 mm in the southern Andes, 2603 mm in the Western Ghats, and 2682 mm in Papua New Guinea. However, if there is high station density, the precipitation distribution is correctly reproduced, even in orographically demanding regions such as the Alps.
Spontaneous Resolution of Cholesteatoma in a Patient on Long-Term Infliximab
Authors: Chao Janet , Dewyer Nicholas , McKenna Michael John 
Published: January 2019

Objective: To describe an observed case of spontaneous regression of cholesteatoma in a patient on chronic anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) therapy and inspire further research into the role of TNF-a in cholesteatoma. Methods: Clinical assessment of disease in a single-patient case report. Results: A 49-year-old woman suffered a severe case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome when she was 12 years old, leaving her with bilateral corneal opacification and tympanic membrane perforations with extensive cholesteatoma. For her corneal opacification, a corneal prosthesis was placed, which was complicated by a foreign body reaction necessitating long-term therapy with infliximab, a monoclonal antibody against TNF-a that is therapeutic in some chronic inflammatory diseases. She was otherwise healthy and took no other medications. While on infliximab, the patient had spontaneous and complete resolution of her cholesteatoma without any surgical intervention. Conclusions: This surprising case suggests that there may be a prominent role of TNF-a in cholesteatoma pathophysiology and that TNF-a may be an effective target for nonsurgical therapy.
Sufentanil pharmacokinetics in a full-term neonate treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report
Authors: Pokorná Pavla , Šíma Martin , Vobruba Václav , Bašková Martina , Posch Lenka , Slanař Ondřej 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Sufentanil is a potent analgesic drug used for pain management. A few studies describe the pharmacokinetics of sufentanil in neonates; however, no pharmacokinetic data about sufentanil during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have been published yet. Case report: A 1-day-old neonate with moderate hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy received veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for refractory respiratory and circulatory failure. Sufentanil plasma concentrations were determined during both extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n = 14) and non–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n = 17) period. Based on these measurements, individual sufentanil pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Discussion: We observed increased sufentanil volume of distribution (11.6 vs 5.6 L/kg) and decreased sufentanil clearance (0.535 vs 0.746 L/h/kg) in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation period. The increment of volume of distribution was attributed to ECMO influence, while difference in clearance was probably due to drug interaction. Conclusions: This is the first description of sufentanil pharmacokinetics in neonate treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We observed considerably larger volume of distribution during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation period in comparison with non–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation period.
Reversal effect of Zhigancao decoction on myocardial fibrosis in a rapid pacing-induced atrial fibrillation model in New Zealand rabbits
Authors: Sun Juan , Wugeti Najina , Mahemuti Aliman 
Published: January 2019

Objective To evaluate the effect of Zhigancao decoction on reversal of right atrial myocardial fibrosis after rapid atrial pacing (RAP)-induced atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group (Group A: implanted electrodes, no RAP), pacing group (Group B: RAP-induced AF), Zhigancao soup water decoction Yin group (Group C: RAP-induced AF followed by Zhigancao soup Yin prescription twice a day for 30 days), and Zhigancao soup group (Group D: RAP-induced AF followed by Zhigancao water decoction twice a day for 30 days). The atrial myocardium was then examined for myocardial fibrosis by Masson staining, and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was immunohistochemically assessed. The right atrial appendage tissue field action potential duration (fAPD) was measured by microelectrode arrays. Results RAP successfully induced AF. Myocardial fibrosis was more severe in Groups B and C and less severe in Group D. Protein expression of MMP-9 was strongly positive in Groups B and C and weakly positive in Group D. The fAPD was significantly decreased in Groups B and C, but the decrease in Group D was not significant. Conclusion Zhigancao decoction can reverse AF-induced myocardial fibrosis in rabbits and shorten the fAPD.
Percutaneous ultrasound-guided laser ablation for the treatment of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis: a pilot study
Authors: Yang Gaoyi , Fang Jianhua , Yu Tianzhuo , Zhang Ying , Zhang Wenzhi , Zhao Dan , Xu Jianping , Wang Caifen 
Published: January 2019

Objective This study was performed to assess the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guided laser ablation (LA) for the treatment of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTBL). Methods We retrospectively reviewed 11 patients with CTBL (mean age, 32.0 ± 8.6 years; range, 18–47 years) who underwent percutaneous US-guided LA from June 2014 to December 2016 with a subsequent 12-month follow-up. We assessed the mean volume reduction and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) changes of the target lymph nodes as well as the tolerability and adverse effects of LA. Results The mean ablation energy was 522 ± 312 J (range, 204–1317 J). All 17 enrolled target lymph nodes were completely non-enhanced after LA treatment as detected by CEUS, indicating complete ablation of all lymph nodes (100%). The target lymph nodes significantly decreased in volume by a mean of 74.0% ± 15.6% from baseline to 12 months after LA. The LA procedure was well tolerated, and none of the 11 patients developed severe complications during the 12-month follow-up. Conclusion Percutaneous US-guided LA for the treatment of CTBL exhibits good tolerability, minimal invasiveness, and few adverse effects. Further investigations with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are warranted to confirm these findings.