bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphokine-induced phagocytosis in angiocentric immunoproliferative lesions (AIL) and malignant lymphoma arising in AIL
Authors: Simrell CR , Margolick JB , Crabtree GR , Cossman J , Fauci AS , Jaffe ES 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A factor that augmented the phagocytosis of IgG-coated ox red blood cells by the human monocyte/macrophage line U937 was identified in cell culture supernatants from two of two patients with angiocentric peripheral T cell lymphomas, three of three patients with angiocentric immunoproliferative lesions that were not frankly malignant, and one of two patients with T lymphoblastic malignancies. The factor was not present in supernatants derived from 14 nonangiocentric peripheral T cell lymphomas of other histologic types nor in ten cases of B cell lymphoma and two cases of Hodgkin's disease. A similar factor was present in the supernatants of concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in the supernatants of IL-2- dependent T cell lines derived from normal peripheral blood. The factor had an apparent mol wt of greater than 50,000 daltons, was heat labile (100 degrees C for two minutes), and stable at pH 2.0. Its stimulation of phagocytosis was independent of any increase in number of Fc receptors. Thus, this factor is probably not gamma-interferon. This factor may play a pathogenetic role in the hemophagocytic syndromes associated with certain T cell malignancies and immunodeficient states.
The proliferation in suspension of the progenitors of the blast cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia
Authors: Nara N , McCulloch EA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A minority of blast cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) form colonies in culture in methylcellulose when stimulated by media conditioned by normal leukocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA-LCM). Blast colonies can be replated successfully, either as pooled cells or suspensions from single colonies. However, the plating efficiency declines with repeated passages, and more than four subcultures have not been achieved. In this study, blast populations were cultured in suspension, with fetal calf serum, alpha-minimal essential medium and PHA-LCM. In cells from 17 of 18 patients, exponential growth of clonogenic blast cells was maintained for six to seven days without reculturing. Colonies obtained from progenitors taken from liquid culture and replated in methylcellulose were replated to obtain the secondary plating efficiency (PE2). In 14 cases, this value was maintained or increased. In three instances, PE2 fell following culture in methylcellulose. When cells in suspension were recultured, exponential growth continued. In nine instances, exponential growth was maintained for from seven to 70 days. During this time, PE2 was maintained. Results from experiments using velocity sedimentation separation and analysis of single colonies were consistent with the view that the increase in clonogenic cells in suspension was a manifestation of their self-renewal capacity. The observations also support a model of blast progenitor growth that contains the postulate that these are capable not only of self-renewal but also of determination-like events leading to loss of proliferative capacity.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia: a phase I study of in vitro treatment of marrow with 4- hydroperoxycyclophosphamide to purge tumor cells
Authors: Kaizer H , Stuart RK , Brookmeyer R , Beschorner WE , Braine HG , Burns WH , Fuller DJ , Korbling M , Mangan KF , Saral R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This phase I study was conducted to determine the maximal safe concentration of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4HC) that could be used for in vitro treatment of bone marrow from patients with acute leukemia undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation. Concentrations of 40 to 120 micrograms/mL of 4HC were used in 30 patients with relapsed or high-risk acute leukemia and in six patients with nonleukemic malignancies. All patients received marrow-lethal cytoreductive therapy followed by infusion of the 4HC-treated marrow. Complete inhibition of granulocyte and macrophage colony-forming cells was obtained at 80 micrograms/mL. Nevertheless, only one transplant-related death and otherwise full hematologic recovery was observed at concentrations of 4HC up to 100 micrograms/mL. At 120 micrograms/mL, there were three transplant-related deaths, including two of the three patients who required the infusion of reserve marrow. Among the acute leukemia patients, three remain in complete remission at 1,337, 1,017, and 967 days after transplant. Among the nonleukemic patients, two remain in complete remission at 1,081 and 1,017 days after transplant. At the maximum safe concentration of 4HC (100 micrograms/mL), satisfactory hematologic recovery can be obtained, despite elimination of detectable hematopoietic progenitors.
Multiple Spontaneous Remissions in a Child with Acute Leukemia
Authors: BASSEN FRANK A. , KOHN JEROME L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A case of acute leukemia with four observed spontaneous remissions is presented.
2. Spontaneous remissions in acute leukemia are infrequent and multiple remissions rare.
3. Spontaneous remissions in acute leukemia follow a pattern in that they occur after the development of a leukopenic agranulocytic phase and hypoplasia or aplasia of the marrow.
4. Remissions in acute leukemia when therapeutically induced probably follow a similar pattern.
5. The significance of agranulocytosis in acute leukemia has been discussed. When it occurs, before the diagnosis of leukemia is definitely made, and recovery ensues, one should be alerted for the possible later development of a characteristic picture of leukemia.
6. The possibility that idiopathic aplastic anemia is no more than a phase of acute leukemia has been discussed.
Studies on Copper Metabolisn
Authors: LAHEY M. E. , GUBLER C. J. , CHASE M. S. , CARTWRIGHT G. E. , WINTROBE M. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A total of 70 swine were fed a diet consisting only of evaporated cow’s milk. Copper and iron were added to the diet of 10 of the pigs. Iron only was added to the diet of 46 of the pigs. Copper only was added to the diet of 10 of the pigs. Four pigs received neither iron or copper.
2. The animals deficient in copper developed skeletal abnormalities, microcytic hypochromic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, normoblastic hyperplasia of the bone marrow, hypoferremia, an increase in the iron-binding capacity of the plasma, hypocupremia and reduced erythrocyte copper as well as tissue copper. No abnormality in porphyrin metabolism was observed and tissue as well as erythrocyte catalase activity was not significantly reduced. Following the administration of copper, the blood of the animals was rapidly and completely restored to normal.
3. The animals deficient in iron developed a severe microcytic, hypochromic anemia, normoblastic hyperplasia of the bone marrow, hypoferremia and an increase in the total iron-binding capacity of the plasma. No abnormality in copper or porphyrin metabolism was observed in these animals except for a slight elevation in the plasma copper level and a marked increase in liver copper.
4. The animals deficient in both copper and iron developed all of the manifestations noted in the copper-deficient pigs. These changes occurred more rapidly and to a greater degree than in the swine with a deficiency of either element alone.
5. The morphologic and biochemical similarities between anemia due to copper deficiency and anemia due to iron deficiency suggest that in copper-deficient swine there is an abnormality in the metabolism of iron and that, furthermore, the anemia may be the consequence of this abnormality.
Studies on Copper Metabolism
Authors: GUBLER C. J. , LAHEY M. E. , CHASE M. S. , CARTWRIGHT G. E. , WINTROBE M. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies are described which deal with the metabolism of irons in swine made anemic by feeding a milk diet low in copper. Evidence is presented that in such animals there is (1) impaired ability to absorb irons from the gastro-instestinal tract; (2) incomplete mobilizations of irons from the tissues; and (3) inability to utilize parenterally administered irons for hemoglobin synsthesis evens when it is presented to the bone marrow in normal quantities.
Methods: A Microhematocrit Method and Its Use with Citrated Blood
Authors: SABINE JEAN CAPTAIN , NICKOLAI DOROTHY J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A method is described whereby accurate hematocrit values can be made from 0.1 ml. blood using equipment which can be made easily and cheaply.
2. Under controlled conditions, a correction factor can be used to convert hematocrit determinations on citrated blood to standard Wintrobe values. Under our experimental conditions the factor is 1.10.
An Automatic Micro Slide Projector and Procedures for Staining and Cleaning Large Numbers of Slides
Authors: NEWTON GEORGE W. , SHARP D. G. , ECKERT E. A. , BEARD DOROTHY , BEARD J. W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There is described an automatic micro slide projector with which blood smears can be examined at a magnification of 430 x at a rate more than 3 times greater than that possible with a microscope. A procedure is described by means of which 320 blood smears can be stained in 6 minutes. There is described, also, a convenient method for cleaning and handling large numbers of slides.
Chronic Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Thalassemia and Sickling Traits
Authors: STURGEON PHILLIP , ITANO HARVEY A. , VALENTINE WILLIAM N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The family history, case history and genealogy of a 6 year old girl suffering from a chronic hemolytic anemia is presented. The disease, resulting from her inheritance of both the gene for sickle trait and that for thalassemia trait, is compared to a similar case in a 38 year old male reported by Powell, et al.
To date the child has had no clinical evidence of an hemolytic anemia, except for an enlarged spleen. Hematologically, however, all findings indicate the presence of a brisk hemolytic process.
Electrophoretic analysis of the patienst’s hemoglobin reveals a unique pattern intermediate between the usual sickle cell trait and sickle anemia patterns.
Changes in Cellular Composition of the Lymph Caused by Ionizing Radiations
Authors: ROSS M. H. , FURTH J. , BIGELOW R. R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Erythrocytes appear in large numbers in the lymph of rats and dogs after massive exposure to x rays. The peak of endothelial fragility, as indicated by the erythrocyte counts in the lymph, is reached on the ninth to fourteenth day in rats and the eleventh to seventeenth day in dogs. In both species the erythrocyte count in the lymph frequently exceeds one million.
Diversion of erythrocytes into the lymph compartment causes a relative anemia; excessive destruction of erythrocytes, presumably related to extravasation and not to a direct irradiation injury, is responsible in part for the absolute anemia. It is suggested that similar changes may contribute to the anemia of leukemia and other blood diseases associated with capillary fragility.
The drop in lymphocyte counts in both lymph and blood is precipitous within 5 to 10 hours after irradiation. During the fourth to eighth hours after irradiation, injured and dead lymphocytes are present in the lymph in large numbers. During the recovery phase, the per cent of large lymphocytes in the lymph greatly increases, there are many abnormal large lymphoid cells and mitotic figures, and tissue mast cells appear in blood smears.
It is concluded that diversion of erythrocytes into the lymph caused by massive irradiation, if severe, becomes a self-aggravating process and leads to death.
Dual Sensitization to the rh'' (E) and hr' (c) Factors Detected Antenatally. A Case Report
Authors: DUNNE CHARLES J. , INNELLA FILOMENA P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of dual sensitization to the rh'' (E) and hr' (c) factors which was detected antenatally has been presented.
The rh'' (E) antibodies probably were caused by a previous blood transfusion which may also have been responsible for the initial stimulation to the hr' (c) antibodies. The subsequent hr' (c) antibodies can be attributed to the hr' (c) factor present in the patient’s three children.
In this study the enzyme-treated red blood cell and the antiglobulin tests were more sensitive than the plasma-albumin test in the detection of the antibodies.
Report of 193 Marrow Biopsy Specimens Cultured for Histoplasma Capsulatum
Authors: SCHWARTZ STEVEN O. , BARSKY SIDNEY , WOOLSEY CARRIE , GANT HELEN L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One hundred ninety-three cultures of marrows were studied for the presence of fungi.
Many of the cases studied had one or more of the classical conditions of histoplasmosis, such as anemia, leukopenia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, irregular elevations in temperature, pulmonary disease, and generalized lymphadenopathy.
Histoplasma capsulatum was found in only one case.
Considering the high incidence of histoplasmin reactors in this locality, it appears that routine cultures of the marrow for Histoplasma capsulatum have little value in histoplasmosis case findings.
The Release of Leukocytes and Platelets from the Pulmonary Circulation by Epinephrine
Authors: BIERMAN H. R. , KELLY K. H. , CORDES F. L. , BYRON R. L. , POLHEMUS J. A. , RAPPOPORT S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The leukocyte and platelet contents of arterial and venous blood of 12 patients were determined simultaneously during and following the intravenous administration of 0.1 to 0.3 mg. of epinephrine, l-epinephrine or norepinephrine.
2. Within 30 to 60 seconds after the start of the epinephrine administration, an initial arterial leukocytosis and thrombocytosis occurred in 10 and 8 instances respectively and continued for at least 5 minutes before it declined. A leukocytosis also occurred in the venous blood but followed the arterial rise by 30 to 120 seconds.
3. It is concluded that the initial phase of the leukocytosis and thrombocytosis following intravenous epinephrine infusion is primarily from the pulmonary circulation.
4. The data indicate that the pulmonary circulation in man is a sizable reservoir of leukocytes and platelets which may be readily discharged into the circulation under proper stimulation.
The Agglutination Mechanism of Trypsin Modified Red Cells
Authors: DAUSSET J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. It is suggested that the incomplete antibody is essentially bivalent; one valence is nonreactive, and the other can become reactive under certain conditions.
2. The nonreactive valence of the incomplete antibody is believed to fix the antigen following trypsinization, or to fix nontrypsinized antigen with the aid of the colloid plasma factor.
3. The data obtained from our patients with acquired hemolytic anemia, further support the hypothesis presented; in addition, the data suggest the possibility of a special type of antibody, which acts essentially as a "doubly incomplete antibody," that is to say, that it possesses two nonreactive valences identical to the nonreactive valence of the incomplete antibody.
Prominent expansion of circulating lymphocytes bearing gamma T-cell receptors, with preferential expression of variable gamma genes after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Vilmer E , Triebel F , David V , Rabian C , Schumpp M , Leca G , Degos L , Hercend T , Sigaux F , Bensussan A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The presence of two distinct T-cell receptors (TCR) alpha/beta dimers or gamma/delta dimers, was systematically analyzed in peripheral blood lymphocytes form 26 recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants for leukemia. When using monoclonal antibody WT31, which recognizes a common epitope on the alpha/beta heterodimer, the expansion of peripheral CD3+, WT31- cells to 40% of the PBLSs was detected in two patients. In patient 2, the presence of circulating TCR gamma-bearing cells was directly demonstrated with monoclonal antibody Ti gamma A directed against the V gamma 9 J gamma p gene products. From CD3, WT31- clones derived from patients 1 and 2, sequential immunoprecipitations were performed with anti-CD3 and anti-C gamma to determine the CD3- associated structure. Molecular weights of gamma subunits were different in both patients, thus indicating structural heterogeneity. The ability of TCR gamma clones to proliferate when stimulated with anti-CD3 beads was observed for clones from patient 2, whereas this response required exogenous interleukin-2 for clones from patient 1. We have already shown that the TCR gamma cells from patient 1 might have played a role in the immunodeficient state. Similar conclusions cannot be drawn from patient 2. Southern blot analysis of total PBL gamma cell lines and clones indicated that this major circulating subset of TCR gamma cells retained a TCR beta gene in germline configuration and preferentially expressed a single V gamma gene, V gamma 5 for patient 1 and V gamma 9 for patient 2.
Conformational states of vitronectin: preferential expression of an antigenic epitope when vitronectin is covalently and noncovalently complexed with thrombin-antithrombin III or treated with urea
Authors: Tomasini BR , Mosher DF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A difference in recognition of the adhesive glycoprotein vitronectin (also called S-protein, serum spreading factor, and epibolin) by monoclonal antibody 8E6 (Hayman EG, et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:4003, 1983) was investigated using a competitive enzyme- immunosorbent assay and immunoaffinity chromatography. Recognition of vitronectin in serum was approximately 50-fold greater than recognition of vitronectin in plasma. Recognition of vitronectin incubated with heparin, thrombin-antithrombin III complex, or heparin and thrombin- antithrombin III complex together was 2.5-, 7-, or 32-fold greater, respectively, than recognition of vitronectin alone. Thrombin or antithrombin III by itself did not induce the antigenic change. Factor Xa-antithrombin III was less effective than thrombin-antithrombin III in induction of the change. Dextran sulfate and fucoidan were more potent than heparin in induction of the antigenic change, whereas dermatan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, or keratan sulfate were less effective. Immunoblotting analysis of serum and of vitronectin incubated with thrombin and antithrombin III demonstrated the presence of complexes composed of vitronectin and thrombin-antithrombin III that could only be dissociated with reducing agent. N-ethylmaleimide completely blocked the formation of the presumably disulfide-bonded complexes and partially blocked the antigenic change. Both non-disulfide-bonded and disulfide-bonded vitronectin bound to antibody-Sepharose from a mixture of vitronectin and thrombin-antithrombin III. Treatment of vitronectin with 8 mol/L urea resulted in enhanced recognition by the monoclonal antibody. Thus, the 8E6 antibody reacts with an epitope that is preferentially expressed by noncovalently and covalently linked vitronectin/thrombin-antithrombin III complexes and by urea-treated vitronectin. The change in vitronectin induced by thrombin-antithrombin III, therefore, is a physiological correlate of urea treatment and of adsorption of vitronectin onto tissue culture plastic (as is done in cell adhesion assays). The change may be important for expression of vitronectin activity.
Therapeutic potential of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor and interleukin-3 in murine B-cell leukemia
Authors: Fabian I , Kletter Y , Slavin S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The antileukemic activity of murine recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) and a combination of rGM-CSF and recombinant interleukin-3 (rIL-3) was examined by using a murine model of spontaneous B-cell leukemia (BCL1) in BALB/c mice. All untreated mice inoculated with 2 x 10(2) BCL1 cells developed leukemia within 4 weeks, with extreme lymphocytosis and a massive increase in both spleen weight and cell number while the number of myeloid progenitors (CFU-C) per spleen was decreased. In contrast, rGM-CSF-or rGM-CSF- and rIL-3- treated recipients did not show any evidence of leukemia or splenomegaly at 4 weeks and showed a significant increase in CFU-C per spleen. Hematologic parameters in the peripheral blood of untreated mice showed anemia and thrombocytopenia. Significant elevations in these parameters were recorded in mice treated with either protocol of CSF. Treatment of recipient mice with either rGM-CSF or rGM-CSF and rIL- 3 prolonged their median survival from 6 weeks in untreated controls (range, 5 to 9 weeks) up to the time they were killed at 105 days. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells obtained from mice treated with rGM- CSF, mice treated with a combination of rGM-CSF and rIL-3, and untreated controls, into normal secondary recipients indicated improved survival in recipients inoculated with rGM-CSF. These data indicate that CSFs may inhibit in vivo expansion of leukemic cells of lymphoid origin.
On the Optical Properties of the Hemoglobin in Microdrepanocytic Disease
Authors: ASCENZI A. , SILVESTRONI E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In analogy with sickle cell anemia of the Negro, white carriers of the sickle cell trait and patients with microdrepanocytic disease show sickling which is associated with the presence of type S hemoglobin. The sickled cells are birefringent and the reduced hemoglobin forms tactoids which reveal a striking resemblance to the sickled erythrocytes.
The mean retardation of each sickled red cell is 7.5 ± 0.15 mµ and the birefringence is approximately 0.0037.
White Thrombo-embolism and Vascular Fragility in the Hamster Cheek Pouch after Anticoagulants
Authors: FULTON GEORGE P. , AKERS ROBERT P. , LUTZ BRENTON R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Heparin, dicumarol, Tromexan and phenylindanedione did not prevent, but actually enhanced, the formation of platelet plugs at the site of hemorrhages produced at the tip of a stimulating microelectrode in contact with the walls of small blood vessels in the hamster cheek pouch. Furthermore, these anticoagulants per se produced an increased adhesiveness of platelets and leukocytes to the endothelium of small venules. In particular, heparin produced platelet embolism immediately after administration. The circulating emboli varied in size from that of leukocytes to cylindrical masses which filled the lumina of vessels measuring up to 75 µ in diameter. Platelet embolism was not found during the first five days of administration of dicumarol, but appeared subsequently.
2. The significance of increased platelet agglutinability during the hypocoagulable state induced by anticoagulants and the need for a critical distinction between agglutinability of the formed elements and coagulation involving fibrin are discussed.
3. An increase in the fragility of the walls of venules followed the administration of heparin, dicumarol, Tromexan and phenylindanedione. A brief series of relatively weak faradic shocks from a micro-electrode produced a hemorrhage. Shocks of much greater strength applied to venules of normal untreated hamsters produced no visible effect. This method is proposed as a new semiquantitative procedure for investigation of vascular fragility in accessible membrane preparations. It may possibly distinguish between fragility in the sense of rhexis or breaking of the wall and petechial formation such as that produced by the application of negative pressure and perhaps erroneously referred to in the literature as "fragility."
4. Petechial hemorrhages appeared at the points of junction of the postcapillary venules after anticoagulant administration, but not on the capillaries. Spontaneous ruptures were not found in capillaries. No evidence was found for an increase in capillary fragility. Consequently, the term "vascular fragility" is proposed to replace "capillary" fragility.