bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect different substrates have on the trueness and precision of eight different intraoral scanners
Authors: Dutton Ethan , Ludlow Mark , Mennito Anthony , Kelly Abigail , Evans Zachary , Culp Alexander , Kessler Raymond , Renne Walter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis in vitro study compares the newest generation of intraoral scanners to their older counterparts, and tests whether material substrates affect the trueness and precision of intraoral scanners (IOS).Material and methodsA custom model, used as the reference standard, was fabricated with teeth composed of different dental materials. The reference standard scan was obtained using a three‐dimensional (3D) optical scanner, the ATOS III. Experimental scans were obtained using eight different IOS, operated by experienced clinicians, using the manufacturer's recommended scanning strategy. A comprehensive metrology program, Geomagic Control X, was used to compare the reference standard scan with the experimental scans.ResultsFor all scanners tested, except Trios3, the substrate does influence the trueness and precision of the scan. Furthermore, differences exist when comparing the same substrate across different scanners with some of the latest generation scanners clearly leaping ahead of the older generation regarding both trueness and precision.ConclusionsSubstrate type affects the trueness and precision of a scan. Active Triangulation scanners are more sensitive to substrate differences than their parallel confocal counterparts. Some scanners scan certain substrates better, but in general the new generation of scanners outperforms the old, across all substrates.Clinical significanceThe substrates being scanned play an import role in the trueness and precision of the 3D model. The new generation of scanners is remarkably accurate across all substrates and for complete‐arch scanning.
A novel sample design for determining color compatibility between layered resin composite and vita shade guides
Authors: Ismail Eman H. , Dawson Deborah V. , Maia Rodrigo R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the color of double‐layered (DL) resin‐composite (RC) samples with variant enamel‐thicknesses (ET) to their corresponding shade‐tabs from VITA classical (VC) and 3D‐Master (V3DM).MethodsA2‐DL samples (N = 30) fabricated using three pairs of custom‐made molds with an ET of 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mm. Shades were selected according to the manufacturer's instructions of two RC brands: Clearfil‐Majesty (CM), and Vita‐l‐essence (VL). A spectrophotometer measured CIE L*a*b* color parameters. We used ΔE
00 to calculate color differences among DL samples, VC, and V3DM shade‐tabs. The data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient, one‐way ANOVA, and Tukey test (∝=0.05).ResultsΔE
00 between DL samples A2 and 2M2 shade tabs were all greater than the predetermined 50:50% acceptability threshold (ΔE
00 = 6.6‐10.4). Depending on the shade tabs compared, the ΔE
00 among CM and VL ET subgroups were statistically different (P < .001). ET and L* were negatively correlated for CM and VL. For CM, ΔE
00 and L* correlated on the A2 shade tab, whereas for VL, ΔE
00, and ET correlated on the 2M2 shade tab (P < .05).ConclusionsThe DL samples produced unacceptable color matches to their corresponding shade. An enamel layer thickness of 0.7 mm corresponded to the lowest ΔE
00. The use of V3DM for RC shade selection should be investigated.Clinical SignificanceUnderstanding color interaction between RC layers is important to achieve consistent results in esthetic clinical procedures. The thickness of the enamel layer can critically alter the overall shade for a given RC shade and brand. This variation is difficult for the clinician to predict and negatively impacts patient satisfaction, increasing overall procedure costs, and decreasing efficiency. This color interaction study aims to facilitate consistency in shade reproduction.
Study the effect of erbium:YAG laser plus topical 5‐flurouracil in stable vitiligo resistant to NB‐UVB phototherapy
Authors: Doghaim Noha Nabil , El‐Tatawy Rania Ahmed , Ismail Mayada A. , Ali Dareen Abdelaziz Mohammed , El Attar Yasmina Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundNB‐UVB phototherapy is still an effective treatment in vitiligo but requires more than 1 year for its completion. Topical 5‐flurouracil could improve the proliferation and migration of melanocytes. Laser‐assisted dermabrasion results in stimulation of the inactive melanocytes present at the outer root sheath of the lower portion of the hair follicle, which migrates upward until they reach the surface of the skin.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser skin ablation followed by topical 5‐flurouracil on the outcome of NB‐UVB phototherapy as a short term technique in resistant and stable vitiligo.MethodsThe current study included 40 patients suffering from bilateral stable vitiligo resistant to NB‐UVB. For each patient, one side of the body subjected to 4 months NB‐UVB sessions (control side). While the other side of the body subjected to one session of Er:YAG laser ablation combined with topical 5% 5‐flurouracil application under occlusion followed by NB‐UVB sessions for 4 months after complete re‐epithelization. Outcomes were evaluated objectively based on standard digital photographs, histopathological examination, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects.ResultsThere was a statistically significant improvement in the repigmentation in laser side compared with control side. Histopathological examination revealed expression of prominent melanin pigmentation, with marked expression for Melan‐A in laser side, whereas these findings were negative in control side.ConclusionEr:YAG laser ablation, followed by 5FU application before NB‐UVB phototherapy for vitiligo, is a safe and tolerable technique that improves the outcome of short‐term NB‐UVB therapy and is expected to increase patient compliance.
A crowdsourced intervention to decrease hepatitis B stigma in men who have sex with men in China: A cohort study
Authors: Shen Karen , Yang Nancy S. , Huang Wenting , Fitzpatrick Thomas S. , Tang Weiming , Zhao Yang , Wang Yehua , Li Linghua , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStigma against people with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a barrier to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HBV in China. Our study examined an innovative intervention to reduce HBV stigma among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. We extracted data from a randomized controlled trial conducted in May 2018, where the intervention consisted of crowdsourced images and videos to promote viral hepatitis testing and reduce HBV stigma. HBV stigma was assessed using a 20‐item scale at baseline and four weeks post‐enrolment. Participants were divided into three groups based on their exposure to intervention: full exposure, partial exposure and no exposure. Linear regression was used to determine associations between baseline stigma and participant characteristics. Data from 470 MSM were analysed. Mean participant age was 25 years old and 56% had less education than a college bachelor's degree. Full exposure to intervention was associated with significant stigma reduction (adjusted beta = −3.49; 95% CI = −6.11 to −0.87; P = .01), while partial exposure led to stigma reduction that was not statistically significant. The mean stigma score was 50.6 (SD ± 14.7) at baseline, and stigma was most prominent regarding physical contact with HBV carriers. Greater HBV stigma was associated with not having a recent doctor's visit (adjusted beta = 4.35, 95% CI = 0.19 to 8.52; P = .04). In conclusion, crowdsourcing can decrease HBV stigma among MSM in China and may be useful in anti‐stigma campaigns for vulnerable populations in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Effectiveness of imepitoin for the control of anxiety and fear associated with noise phobia in dogs
Authors: Engel Odilo , Müller Hanns Walter , Klee Rebecca , Francke Bradley , Mills Daniel Simon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundNoise phobia is a common behavior problem in dogs for which there are limited treatment options.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of imepitoin in comparison to placebo for the control of anxiety and fear associated with noise phobia in dogs.AnimalsTwo hundred thirty‐eight client‐owned dogs with noise phobia were recruited in veterinary clinics.MethodsThis placebo‐controlled, randomized, double‐blinded, clinical trial used a predictable noise event as eliciting context, the traditional New Year's Eve fireworks in Germany and the Netherlands. Owners began treatment 2 days before the anticipated noise event with administration of either imepitoin 30 mg/kg body weight Q12h or placebo for 3 consecutive days. On New Year's Eve, owners noted their observations of their dog's fear and anxiety behavior at 1600, 2200, 0020, and 0100 hours and scored the overall treatment effect on the following day.ResultsIn the 16‐item owner report of fear and anxiety signs, fear and anxiety behaviors were significantly reduced under imepitoin treatment compared to placebo (delta −6.1 scoring points; P < .0001). A significantly higher proportion of owners reported a good or excellent overall treatment effect in the imepitoin group compared to placebo (odds ratio 4.689; 95% CI, 2.79‐7.89; P < .0001).ConclusionImepitoin effectively controls fear and anxiety associated with noise phobia in dogs.
Genetic diversity of primate strongylid nematodes: Do sympatric nonhuman primates and humans share their strongylid worms?
Authors: Pafčo Barbora , Kreisinger Jakub , Čížková Dagmar , Pšenková-Profousová Ilona , Shutt-Phillips Kathryn , Todd Angelique , Fuh Terence , Petrželková Klára J. , Modrý David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe close phylogenetic relationship between humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) can result in a high potential for pathogen exchange. In recent decades, NHP and human interactions have become more frequent due to increasing habitat encroachment and ecotourism. Strongylid communities, which include members of several genera, are typically found in NHPs. Using optimized high‐throughput sequencing for strain‐level identification of primate strongylids, we studied the structure of strongylid communities in NHPs and humans co‐habiting a tropical forest ecosystem in the Central African Republic. General taxonomic assignment of 85 ITS‐2 haplotypes indicated that the studied primates harbour at least nine genera of strongylid nematodes, with Oesophagostomum and Necator being the most prevalent. We detected both host‐specific and shared strongylid haplotypes. Skin‐penetrating Necator gorillaehaplotypes were shared between humans and gorillas but Necator americanus were much more restricted to humans. Strongylid communities of local hunter‐gatherers employed as trackers were more similar to those of gorillas compared to their relatives, who spent more time in villages. This was due to lower abundance of human‐origin N. americanus in both gorillas and trackers. Habituated gorillas or those under habituation did not show larger overlap of strongylids with humans compared to unhabituated. We concluded that the occurrence of the human‐specific strongylids in gorillas does not increase with direct contact between gorillas and humans due to the habituation. Overall, our results indicate that the degree of habitat sharing between hosts, together with mode of parasite transmission, are important factors for parasite spillover among primates.
Speaking up, support, control and work engagement of medical residents. A structural equation modelling analysis
Authors: Voogt Judith J , Taris Toon W , van Rensen Elizabeth L J , Schneider Margriet M E , Noordegraaf Mirko , van der Schaaf Marieke F 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesMedical residents can play key roles in improving health care quality by speaking up and giving suggestions for improvements. However, previous research on speaking up by medical residents has shown that speaking up is difficult for residents. This study explored: (i) whether two main aspects of medical residents’ work context (job control and supervisor support) are associated with speaking up by medical residents, and (ii) whether these associations differ between in‐hospital and out‐of‐hospital settings.MethodsSpeaking up was operationalised and measured as voice behaviour. Structural equation modelling using a cross‐sectional survey design was used to identify and test factors pertaining to speaking up and to compare hospital settings.ResultsA total of 499 medical residents in the Netherlands participated in the study. Correlational analysis showed significant positive associations between each of support and control, and voice behaviour. The authors assumed that the associations between support and control, and voice behaviour would be partially mediated by engagement. This partial mediation model fitted the data best, but showed no association between support and voice. However, multi‐group analysis showed that for residents in hospital settings, support is associated with voice behaviour. For residents outside hospital settings, control is more important. Engagement mediated the effects of control and support outside hospital settings, but not within the hospital.ConclusionsThis study shows that in order to enable medical residents to share their suggestions for improvement, it is beneficial to invest in supportive supervision and to increase their sense of control. Boosting medical residents’ support would be most effective in hospital settings, whereas in other health care organisations it would be more effective to focus on job control.
Molecular detection of Megatrypanum trypanosomes in tabanid flies
Authors: Werszko J. , Szewczyk T. , Steiner‐Bogdaszewska Ż. , Wróblewski P. , Karbowiak G. , Laskowski Z. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTrypanosomes of the subgenus Megatrypanum have been isolated from many mammalian hosts around the world. They are usually non‐pathogenic, although they may confuse the parasitological diagnosis of trypanosomosis. Additionally, Trypanosoma theileri has been associated with disease in cattle. Megatrypanum trypanosomes are considered to be transmitted by different arthropods, including tabanids. However, little is known about the potential vectors of Megatrypanum trypanosomes in different parts of the world. The present study reports on the detection of Megatrypanum trypanosomes in Heamatopota pluvialis, Tabanus bromius, Tabanus maculicornis and Tabanus distinguendus in Poland. It also discusses the possible role of these tabanids in the transmission of Megatrypanum trypanosomes.
Implementation of the low FODMAP diet in functional gastrointestinal symptoms: A real‐world experience
Authors: Tuck Caroline J. , Reed David E. , Muir Jane G. , Vanner Stephen J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe low FODMAP (fermentable oligo‐, di‐, monosaccharides, and polyols) diet reduces functional gastrointestinal symptoms (FGID) when implemented by dietitian‐delivered education in clinical trials, but it is unknown how well the diet is followed in routine clinical care and if differences exist when implemented by physician or dietitian. This study aimed to evaluate the real‐world experience of patients recommended the diet.MethodsThis case‐series interviewed FGID patients attending a gastroenterology clinic with previous recommendation to trial the low FODMAP diet, examining who recommended the diet and what their percentage improvement was. To evaluate implementation of the diet's 3 phases, questions were constructed based on current literature and clinical guidelines regarding length of initial restriction and food knowledge (Phase‐1), number of foods re‐challenged (Phase‐2) and food re‐introduction as tolerated (Phase‐3). The comprehensive nutrition assessment questionnaire provided daily FODMAP intake. Data were analyzed using chi‐squared tests.Key ResultsIn 80 patients (21 male), the diet was recommended by the gastroenterologist in 53%, general practitioner 22%, dietitian 9% and other 15%. 30% saw a dietitian for guidance. 55% reported a ≥50% symptom improvement. The diet was followed appropriately during Phase‐1 by 78% (with vs without a dietitian, 96% vs 71%; P = .02), Phase‐2 by 48% (70% vs 39%; P = .02) and Phase‐3 by 40% (65% vs 29%; P < .01). A FODMAP intake of <12 g/d (considered therapeutic) was achieved by 44% (72% vs 31%; P < .01).Conclusions & inferencesSymptom improvement was reported in half of patients, but many did not reach the therapeutic FODMAP intake target, especially without dietitian education. Compliance was poor in Phase‐2 and Phase‐3 but improved with dietitian guidance.
Flower phenology as a disruptor of the fruiting dynamics in temperate oak species
Authors: Schermer Éliane , Bel‐Venner Marie‐Claude , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Dray Stéphane , Boulanger Vincent , Le Roncé Iris , Oliver Gilles , Chuine Isabelle , Delzon Sylvain , Venner Samuel 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Many perennial plants display masting, that is, fruiting with strong interannual variations, irregular and synchronized between trees within the population. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the early flower phenology in temperate oak species promotes stochasticity into their fruiting dynamics, which could play a major role in tree reproductive success.

From a large field monitoring network, we compared the pollen phenology between temperate and Mediterranean oak species. Then, focusing on temperate oak species, we explored the influence of the weather around the time of budburst and flowering on seed production, and simulated with a mechanistic model the consequences that an evolutionary shifting of flower phenology would have on fruiting dynamics.

Temperate oak species release pollen earlier in the season than do Mediterranean oak species. Such early flowering in temperate oak species results in pollen often being released during unfavorable weather conditions and frequently results in reproductive failure. If pollen release were delayed as a result of natural selection, fruiting dynamics would exhibit much reduced stochastic variation.

We propose that early flower phenology might be adaptive by making mast‐seeding years rare and unpredictable, which would greatly help in controlling the dynamics of seed consumers.
Nutrient‐demanding species face less negative competition and plant–soil feedback effects in a nutrient‐rich environment
Authors: Klinerová Tereza , Dostál Petr 
Published: October 2019

SummaryPlant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) and plant–plant competition influence performance and abundance of plants. To what extent the two biotic interactions are interrelated and thus affect plant performance in combination rather than in isolation remains poorly explored. It is also unclear how the abiotic context, such as resource availability, modifies individual and joint effects of PSFs and of plant–plant competition.Using a garden experiment, we assessed the strengths of PSFs, competition, and their combined effects explored under low and high nutrient levels, and related them to abundance of 46 plant species and their ecological optima with respect to soil nutrients.We found that PSFs reduced but did not eliminate differences in competitive ability of plant species. Isolated and combined effects of the biotic interactions poorly predicted local or regional abundance of species. They were rather related to species’ ecological optima, as nutrient‐demanding plants experienced less negative biotic effects but only in a nutrient‐rich environment.Our study demonstrates that soil biota can mitigate differences in competitive ability among species. It remains to be tested whether such an equalizing effect can maintain coexistence under high nutrient availability, in which nutrient‐demanding species may disproportionately benefit from less negative competition and PSF effects.
When facilitation meets clonal integration in forest canopies
Authors: Lu Hua‐Zheng , Brooker Rob , Song Liang , Liu Wen‐Yao , Sack Lawren , Zhang Jiao‐Lin , Yu Fei‐Hai 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Few studies have explored how – within the same system – clonality and positive plant–plant interactions might interact to regulate plant community composition. Canopy‐dwelling epiphytes in species‐rich forests provide an ideal system for studying this because many epiphytic vascular plants undertake clonal growth and because vascular epiphytes colonize canopy habitats after the formation of nonvascular epiphyte (i.e. bryophyte and lichen) mats.

We investigated how clonal integration of seven dominant vascular epiphytes influenced inter‐specific interactions between vascular epiphytes and nonvascular epiphytes in a subtropical montane moist forest in southwest China.

Both clonal integration and environmental buffering from nonvascular epiphytes increased survival and growth of vascular epiphytes. The benefits of clonal integration for vascular epiphytes were higher when nonvascular epiphytes were removed. Similarly, facilitation from nonvascular epiphytes played a more important role when clonal integration of vascular epiphytes was eliminated. Overall, clonal integration had greater benefits than inter‐specific facilitation.

This study provides novel evidence for interactive effects of clonality and facilitation between vascular and nonvascular species, and has implications for our understanding of a wide range of ecosystems where both high levels of clonality and facilitation are expected to occur.
Two tonoplast proton pumps function in Arabidopsis embryo development
Authors: Jiang Yu‐Tong , Tang Ren‐Jie , Zhang Yan‐Jie , Xue Hong‐Wei , Ferjani Ali , Luan Sheng , Lin Wen‐Hui 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Two types of tonoplast proton pumps, H+‐pyrophosphatase (V‐PPase) and the H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase), establish the proton gradient that powers molecular traffic across the tonoplast thereby facilitating turgor regulation and nutrient homeostasis. However, how proton pumps regulate development remains unclear.

In this study, we investigated the function of two types of proton pumps in Arabidopsis embryo development and pattern formation. While disruption of either V‐PPase or V‐ATPase had no obvious effect on plant embryo development, knocking out both resulted in severe defects in embryo pattern formation from the early stage.

While the first division in wild‐type zygote was asymmetrical, a nearly symmetrical division occurred in the mutant, followed by abnormal pattern formation at all stages of embryo development. The embryonic defects were accompanied by dramatic differences in vacuole morphology and distribution, as well as disturbed localisation of PIN1. The development of mutant cotyledons and root, and the auxin response of mutant seedlings supported the hypothesis that mutants lacking tonoplast proton pumps were defective in auxin transport and distribution.

Taking together, we proposed that two tonoplast proton pumps are required for vacuole morphology and PIN1 localisation, thereby controlling vacuole and auxin‐related developmental processes in Arabidopsis embryos and seedlings.