bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summertime fine particulate nitrate pollution in the North China Plain: increasing trends, formation mechanisms and implications for control policy
Authors: Wen Liang , Xue Likun , Wang Xinfeng , Xu Caihong , Chen Tianshu , Yang Lingxiao , Wang Tao , Zhang Qingzhu , Wang Wenxing 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Nitrate aerosol makes up a significant fraction of fine particles and plays a key role in regional air quality and climate. The North China Plain (NCP) is one of the most industrialized and polluted regions in China. To obtain a holistic understanding of the nitrate pollution and its formation mechanisms over the NCP region, intensive field observations were conducted at three sites during summertime in 2014–2015. The measurement sites include an urban site in downtown Jinan – the capital city of Shandong Province –, a rural site downwind of Jinan city, and a remote mountain site at Mt. Tai (1534 m a.s.l.). Elevated nitrate concentrations were observed at all three sites despite distinct temporal and spatial variations. Using historical observations, the nitrate ∕ PM2.5 and nitrate ∕ sulfate ratios have statistically significantly increased in Jinan (2005–2015) and at Mt. Tai (from 2007 to 2014), indicating the worsening situation of regional nitrate pollution. A multiphase chemical box model (RACM–CAPRAM) was deployed and constrained by observations to elucidate the nitrate formation mechanisms. The principal formation route is the partitioning of gaseous HNO3 to the aerosol phase during the day, whilst the nocturnal nitrate formation is dominated by the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5. The daytime nitrate production in the NCP region is mainly limited by the availability of NO2 and to a lesser extent by O3 and NH3. In comparison, the nighttime formation is controlled by both NO2 and O3. The presence of NH3 contributes to the formation of nitrate aerosol during the day, while there is slightly decreasing nitrate formation at night. Our analyses suggest that controlling NOx and O3 is an efficient way, at the moment, to mitigate nitrate pollution in the NCP region, where NH3 is usually in excess in summer. This study provides observational evidence of a rising trend of nitrate aerosol as well as scientific support for formulating effective control strategies for regional haze in China.
Use of Ameliorants to Increase Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Peat Soils of West Kalimantan
Authors: Suswati Denah , Sunarminto Bambang Hendro , Shiddieq Dja’far , Indradewa Didik 
Published: August 2018

Peatland in Indonesia has a potential for maize cultivation, but it has constraints that low of soil pH and of nutrient availability. Use of ameliorants from coastal sediment and salted fish waste was an alternative to improve peatlands productivity and maize yields. Objective of the study was to examine effects of coastal sediment and salted fish waste on growth and yield of maize at three kinds of soil of peatlands of Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan. This research was conducted in field using Inter-area analysis design. The first factor was combination of each ameliorants which consisted of 5 levels, namely: 1) treatment under farmer custom at the sites (control); 2) coastal sediment of 20 Mg ha-1 + 0.75 Mg of salted fish waste ha-1; 3) coastal sediment of 40 Mg ha-1 + 1.5 Mg of salted fish waste ha-1, 4) coastal sediment of 60 Mg ha-1 + 2.25 Mg of salted fish waste ha-1. The second factor was soil types which consisted of three levels, namely: Typic Haplohemists, Typic Sulfisaprists and Typic Haplosaprists. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The results showed that combination of 40 Mg ha-1 of coastal sediment and 1.5 Mg ha-1 of salted fish waste was the best combination for all soil type. It increased plant height (33% - 44%), shoot dry weight (74% - 75%), number of seeds per cob (31% -110%), weight of 100 seeds (58% -71%) and dry grain weight per plant (136 % -160 %) at each soil. The highest yield was found in soil of Typic Haplosaprists (219.54 g), followed by Typic Sulfisaprists (210.72 g) and Typic Haplohemists (208.82 g).Keywords: Coastal sediment, maize, peat soils, salted fish waste [How to Cite: Denah S, BH Sunarminto, D Shiddieq and D Indradewa. 2014. Use of Ameliorants to Increase Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Peat Soils of West Kalimantan. J Trop Soils 19: 35-41. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.1.35]
Das neue 'Open Access First' Publikationsmodell des Jahrbuchs Musikpsychologie – Geleitwort der Herausgeber
Authors: Auhagen Wolfgang , Bullerjahn Claudia , Louven Christoph 
Published: August 2018

Im Geleitwort zur ersten Ausgabe erläutern die Herausgeber die Hintergründe und den Entstehungsprozess des neuen 'Online First' Publikationsmodus des 'Jahrbuchs Musikpsychologie' und stellen die Prinzipien des neuen Modells vor.
Precisamos falar sobre o lugar epistêmico na Teoria da História
Authors: Barbosa Pereira Ana Carolina 
Published: August 2018

O debate sobre a geopolítica da produção intelectual tem uma longa e respeitável tradição. Dela participam intelectuais do continente africano, desde o contexto de libertação do jugo colonial (décadas de 1950-1970), intelectuais que integram os paradigmas pós-colonial, decolonial e, mais recentemente, as chamadas teorias ou epistemologias do Sul. Mas se a questão da geopolítica de produção do conhecimento é amplamente conhecida no cenário das teorias sociais, existe um contraste em relação ao campo da Teoria da História. Seria possível dizer que a Teoria da História, como ela é praticada no Brasil, se apresenta como emblema desse contraste, como expressão do que os(as) intelectuais vinculados(as) às tradições acima mencionadas têm denominado “extroversão”, “imperialismo intelectual”, “dependência acadêmica”, “mentalidade cativa”, ou “metrocentrismo”. O objetivo desse artigo é pensar, a partir da realidade brasileira, a geopolítica de produção e consumo da Teoria da História. Para tanto proponho uma particular definição da categoria de lugar epistêmico. Palavras-chave: Teoria da História. Historiografia. Geopolítica.
La transición democrática chilena ¿proceso pactado o brusca ruptura?: una mirada desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes secundarios
Authors: Vasquez Leyton Gabriela Alejandra , Sánchez Agustí María , Vásquez Lara Nelson , Muñoz Labraña Carlos Carlos 
Published: August 2018

A partir de los discursos de 616 estudiantes de Segundo Medio de centros educativos de diversas procedencias, provenientes de las cuatro ciudades de mayor población del país, se presentan los resultados de la investigación cuali-cuantitativa que buscó conocer las ideas de los alumnos de secundaria sobre el proceso de transición democrática y cómo se desarrolla su aprendizaje escolar. Dentro de estos hallazgos, se destaca el valor de los ciudadanos como agentes de cambio quienes, a través de sus movilizaciones y del derecho a sufragio, derribaron a Pinochet, poniendo de manifiesto que Dictadura y Transición forman parte de un mismo conjunto histórico, relacionándolo con situaciones de violencia y represión vividas en el gobierno militar más que con la búsqueda de acuerdos. Palabras clave: Transición democrática. Ideas de los Alumnos. Didáctica de la Historia. Formación Ciudadana.
Reformuler, réécrire, recréer… : des concepts connexes à la verbalisation en traduction
Authors: Henry Jacqueline 
Published: August 2018

Dans la littérature abordant la phase onomasiologique de la traduction, différents termes sont souvent utilisés de façon assez indifférenciée pour parler de la reverbalisation : « reformulation », « réénonciation », « réécriture », « recréation ». Pourtant, l’analyse de ces termes dans le cadre élargi des sciences du langage, dans une perspective tant intralinguistique qu’interlinguistique, amène à penser qu’ils ne sont pas strictement synonymiques et qu’ils se répartissent diversement sur les axes littéraire/pragmatique, oral/écrit et langage courant/spécialisé. En outre, le préfixe « re- », très productif en français, ne se limite pas à marquer une deuxième occurrence et la modification peut avoir un sémantisme propre, au-delà de celui de la base verbale à laquelle il est accolé.
Ultra‐small Albumin Templated Gd/Ru Composite Nanodots for In Vivo Dual modal MR/Thermal Imaging Guided Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Xu Pengping , Wu Huihui , Wang Dongdong , Zhao Gaozheng , Li Fenfen , Qiu Bensheng , Guo Zhen , Chen Qianwang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMultifunctional theranostic nanoagents which realize precise diagnosis and treatment of tumors are attracting increasing interests in recent years. However, efficient and controlled synthesis of ultra‐small noble metal nanoagents remains a challenge. Here, monodisperse Gd/Ru@BSA nanodots (GRBNDs) are successfully fabricated via a totally “green”, “one‐pot” protocol for in situ reduction of Ru(III) and biomineralization of Gd(III) in the presence of albumin. The as‐prepared nanoagent possesses the features of being ultra small in size (≈6.7 nm), having strong colloidal stability, and thermal stability as well as high photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 50.7%). As expected, the GRBNDs achieve a significant efficacy of anticancer therapy under LASER activation both in vitro and in vivo. It also exhibits superior T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging ability due to its high longitudinal relaxivity value (r1 = 10.98 × 10−3 m−1s−1). Moreover, it is demonstrated to be renal clearable with negligible systemic toxicity. This work highlights a straightforward and repeatable approach for synthesizing highly effective and multifunctional noble metal nanoagent of great clinical promising for cancer theranostics.
Ultralow Dispersion Multicomponent Thin‐Film Chalcogenide Glass for Broadband Gradient‐Index Optics
Authors: Kang Myungkoo , Swisher Andrew M. , Pogrebnyakov Alexej V. , Liu Liu , Kirk Andrew , Aiken Stephen , Sisken Laura , Lonergan Charmayne , Cook Justin , Malendevych Teodor , Kompan Fedor , Divliansky Ivan , Glebov Leonid B. , Richardson Martin C. , Rivero‐Baleine Clara , Pantano Carlo G. , Mayer Theresa S. , Richardson Kathleen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA novel photothermal process to spatially modulate the concentration of sub‐wavelength, high‐index nanocrystals in a multicomponent Ge‐As‐Pb‐Se chalcogenide glass thin film resulting in an optically functional infrared grating is demonstrated. The process results in the formation of an optical nanocomposite possessing ultralow dispersion over unprecedented bandwidth. The spatially tailored index and dispersion modification enables creation of arbitrary refractive index gradients. Sub‐bandgap laser exposure generates a Pb‐rich amorphous phase transforming on heat treatment to high‐index crystal phases. Spatially varying nanocrystal density is controlled by laser dose and is correlated to index change, yielding local index modification to ≈+0.1 in the mid‐infrared.
Synthesis and characterization of anthill‐eggshell‐Ni‐Co mixed oxides composite catalyst for biodiesel production from waste frying oil
Authors: Yusuff Adeyinka S. , Adeniyi Olalekan D. , Azeez Sarafa O. , Olutoye Moses A. , Akpan Uduak G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to develop a new composite heterogeneous catalyst, anthill‐eggshell‐Ni‐Co mixed oxides (AENiCo), for biodiesel production via transesterification of waste frying oil. The catalyst was synthesized using a co‐precipitation method and was characterized by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). The effects of parameters affecting the catalytic reaction, reaction temperature (40–80°C), reaction time (1–5 h), catalyst loading (1–9 wt%), and methanol‐to‐oil ratio (3:1–15:1) were investigated. The stability of the spent catalyst was also investigated during reuse. The data obtained showed that the maximum biodiesel yield of 90.23% could be obtained at a reaction temperature of 70°C, reaction time of 2 h, with a catalyst loading of 3 wt% and methanol‐to‐oil ratio of 12:1. The stability study showed that the AENiCo catalyst could be reused for up to four cycles. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Proactive community support tailored to holistic needs: A cohort study
Authors: Snowden Austyn , Young Jenny , Savinc Jan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt is increasingly internationally recognized that a cancer diagnosis impacts on people practically and financially as well as physically and psychologically. It is less clear what to do about this. This study introduces an original community service designed to mitigate this wider impact. Nonclinical “link officers” use holistic needs assessment (HNA) to help newly diagnosed people identify and quantify the severity of their physical, psychological, practical, financial, and social concerns. A care plan is then agreed, usually involving community interventions from partner agencies. Following intervention, assessment is repeated. The primary aim of this study was to establish whether there was a significant difference between initial assessment and follow‐up, postintervention. Secondary aim was to identify potential predictors of increased levels of concern at baseline and follow‐up.MethodPre‐ and postintervention observational cohort study. Paired t test examined the difference in mean (SD) concern severity between baseline and follow‐up. Multiple linear regression models were computed to hypothesize potential predictors of initial concern severity and severity change.ResultsThe service saw 2413 people 2014‐2017. Participants identified average 5.5 (4.7) concerns, financial concerns being most frequent. Mean severity at baseline was 7.12 (out of 10) (2.50), reducing to 3.83 (3.49) post‐treatment, paired t(4454) = 64.68, P < 0.0001, reduction of 3.31 (95% CI 3.21‐3.41). Factors associated with higher initial concern included unemployment and caring responsibilities. Unemployment was also associated with a smaller reduction of concern severity at follow‐up.ConclusionPatient level of concern went from a level associated with specialist referral to a much more manageable level. This original finding is internationally significant because it extends Khera et al's (2017) “provocative idea” that all patients should be screened for financial problems to show that they can be helped with all their concerns. This article describes a successful, transferable model of community care.
Structure, Activity, and Faradaic Efficiency of Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Catalysts for Direct Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Sun Yanyan , Li Shuang , Jovanov Zarko Petar , Bernsmeier Denis , Wang Huan , Paul Benjamin , Wang Xingli , Kühl Stefanie , Strasser Peter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCarbon materials doped with nitrogen are active catalysts for the electrochemical two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to hydrogen peroxide. Insights into the individual role of the various chemical nitrogen functionalities in the H2O2 production, however, have remained scarce. Here, we explore a catalytically very active family of nitrogen‐doped porous carbon materials, prepared by direct pyrolysis of ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK‐3) with polyethylenimine (PEI). Voltammetric rotating ring‐disk analysis in combination with chronoamperometric bulk electrolysis measurements in electrolysis cells demonstrate a pronounced effect of the applied potentials, current densities, and electrolyte pH on the H2O2 selectivity and absolute production rates. H2O2 selectivity up to 95.3 % was achieved in acidic environment, whereas the largest H2O2 production rate of 570.1 mmol g−1catalyst h−1 was observed in neutral solution. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggests a key mechanistic role of pyridinic‐N in the catalytic process in acid, whereas graphitic‐N groups appear to be catalytically active moieties in neutral and alkaline conditions. Our results contribute to the understanding and aid the rational design of efficient carbon‐based H2O2 production catalysts.
Integrative Photoreduction of CO2 with Subsequent Carbonylation: Photocatalysis for Reductive Functionalization of CO2
Authors: He Xing , Cao Yu , Lang Xian‐Dong , Wang Ning , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEfficient conversion of CO2 into fuels and chemicals with solar energy would be promising, but also faces great challenge. In this context, we describe the photoreductive functionalization of CO2 to construct new C−C, C−N, and C−O bonds through the respective Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki carbonylation, aminocarbonylation, and alkoxycarbonylation of aryl iodides with CO in situ generated through the photoreduction of CO2. This protocol opens up an alternative avenue for CO2 utilization by harnessing solar energy.
What does the grey matter decrease in the medial prefrontal cortex reflect in people with chronic pain?
Authors: Kang David , McAuley James H. , Kassem Mustafa S. , Gatt Justine M. , Gustin Sylvia M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAlterations in the grey matter volume of several brain regions have been reported in people with chronic pain. The most consistent observation is a decrease in grey matter volume in the medial prefrontal cortex. These findings are important as the medial prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in emotional and cognitive processing in chronic pain. Although a logical cause of grey matter volume decrease may be neurodegeneration, this is not supported by the current evidence. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to evaluate the existing literature to unravel what the decrease in medial prefrontal cortex grey matter volume in people with chronic pain may represent on a biochemical and cellular level.Databases and Data TreatmentA literature search for this topical review was conducted using PubMed and SCOPUS library. Search terms included chronic pain, pain, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, grey matter, neurochemistry, spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, dendrite, neurodegeneration, glia, astrocyte, microglia, neurotransmitter, glutamate, GABA and different combinations of these terms.ResultsAdopting a stress model of chronic pain, two major pathways are proposed that contribute to grey matter volume decrease in the medial prefrontal cortex: (a) changes in dendritic morphology as a result of hypothalamic‐pituitary axis dysfunction and (b) neurotransmitter dysregulation, specifically glutamate and γ‐Aminobutyric acid, which affects local microvasculature.ConclusionOur model proposes new mechanisms in chronic pain pathophysiology responsible for mPFC grey matter loss as alternatives to neurodegeneration.SignificanceIt is unclear what the decrease in medial prefrontal cortex grey matter volume represents in chronic pain. The most attractive reason is neurodegeneration. However, there is no evidence to support this. Our review reveals nondegenerative causes of decreased medial prefrontal grey matter to guide future research into chronic pain pathophysiology.
Preparation of Water‐in‐Oil Microemulsion from the Mixtures of Castor Oil and Sunflower Oil as Makeup Remover
Authors: Pakkang Nutthira , Uraki Yasumitsu , Koda Keiichi , Nithitanakul Manit , Charoensaeng Ampira 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCosmetics accumulated in facial skin are difficult to remove by ordinary cleansers because they normally contain highly waterproof ingredients. Therefore, development of makeup remover products is necessary for the efficient removal of cosmetics without irritation to the skin. Current commercial makeup removers are emulsions produced from mineral oil and water with surfactants sometimes cause allergies and acne. To overcome these problems, vegetable oils seem to be promising ingredients for makeup removers. In this study, such makeup removers were prepared as water‐in‐oil (w/o) microemulsion from a mixture of castor oil and sunflower oil at ratios from 1:9 to 5:5 and water with nonionic surfactants, Span®80 and Dehydol LS®TH. The remover candidates were selected with respect to transparency of emulsion and cleansing efficiency. As a result, an emulsion was prepared from a mixture of castor oil and sunflower oil with the ratio of 3:7, Dehydol LS®TH with 7 repeating units of ethylene oxide, and 7.0% (w/w) of water. It was found that the stability of transparency and a high cleansing efficiency were attributed to the hydrophilicity of the surfactant and castor oil. Dynamic light‐scattering analysis demonstrated that the emulsion consisted of nanoscale micelles, resulting in a microemulsion.
Incision and aggradation in proglacial rivers: Post‐Little Ice Age long‐profile adjustments of Southern Iceland outwash plains
Authors: Roussel Erwan , Marren Philip M. , Cossart Etienne , Toumazet Jean‐Pierre , Chenet Marie , Grancher Delphine , Jomelli Vincent 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe retreat of glaciers in response to climate warming leads to substantial changes in meltwater and sediment yield. Glacial shrinkage also induces the emergence and growth of proglacial margin landforms, which strongly affect water and sedimentary transfers from the glacier to the outwash plains. On a decadal timescale, field observations show that outwash plains of retreating glaciers typically exhibit proximal incision, which decreases in magnitude downstream and stops at an inflection point where aggradation begins. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge about the rates and magnitude of this fluvial adjustment and the effects of the proglacial margin configuration on the temperance or the aggravation of this fluvial adjustment to glacier retreat. This paper investigates the proglacial rivers of 14 retreating glaciers in south‐east Iceland over a post‐Little Ice Age timescale, combining fluvial deposits mapping, lichenometric dating, and long‐profile measurements of proglacial fluvial terraces. Our results demonstrate that (a) proximal incision, associated with distal aggradation and downstream migration of the inflection point, is the dominant pattern of proglacial river response to post‐Little Ice Age glacier retreat in Iceland; (b) estimated mean rates of downstream migration of the inflection point range between 5 and 46 m·a−1; and (c) the downstream migration rate of the inflection point is positively correlated with the proportion of proglacial lakes within the glacier foreland. These findings suggest that proglacial margins dominated by proglacial lakes intensify the rates of proximal incision and inflection point migration.