bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomly distributed embedding making short-term high-dimensional data predictable
Authors: Ma Huanfei , Leng Siyang , Aihara Kazuyuki , Lin Wei , Chen Luonan 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Making accurate forecast or prediction is a challenging task in the big data era, in particular for those datasets involving high-dimensional variables but short-term time series points, and these datasets are omnipresent in many fields. In this work, a model-free framework, named as “randomly distributed embedding” (RDE), is proposed to accurately predict future dynamics based on such short-term but high-dimensional data. The RDE framework creates the distribution information from the interactions among high-dimensional variables to compensate for the lack of time points in real applications. Instead of roughly predicting a single trial of future values, this framework achieves the accurate prediction by using the distribution information.
Changes in temperature alter the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
Authors: García Francisca C. , Bestion Elvire , Warfield Ruth , Yvon-Durocher Gabriel 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Empirical evidence for the response of ecosystem functioning to the combined effects of warming and biodiversity loss is scarce. We show that warming and biodiversity loss interact synergistically, impairing the functioning of microbial communities. We found that as temperatures departed from ambient conditions more species were required to maintain ecosystem functioning. Our results suggest interspecific complementarity increased under thermal stress and high-diversity communities that seemed functionally redundant at ambient temperature became more functionally unique as temperatures changed. Biodiversity may therefore be even more important than previously anticipated when considering the impacts of multiple facets of environmental change.
Mountain snowpack response to different levels of warming
Authors: Huning Laurie S. , AghaKouchak Amir 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Across the world, the seasonal montane snowpack stores and releases substantial amounts of water annually. As the global temperature is projected to rise, it becomes increasingly important to assess the vulnerability of the mountain snowpack. We therefore turn to the historical record to understand the extent to which snow water equivalent (SWE) and its centroid respond to different levels of warming. Using a probabilistic framework, we show that even a 1.0 or 2.0 °C increase in average temperature leads to approximately a 20 to 40% increase in the likelihood of below average SWE. We also quantify changes in the distribution of the amount of SWE and where it is stored elevationally across the mountain range given warmer winters.
Functional and evolutionary characterization of a secondary metabolite gene cluster in budding yeasts
Authors: Krause David J. , Kominek Jacek , Opulente Dana A. , Shen Xing-Xing , Zhou Xiaofan , Langdon Quinn K. , DeVirgilio Jeremy , Hulfachor Amanda Beth , Kurtzman Cletus P. , Rokas Antonis , Hittinger Chris Todd 
Published: October 2018

SignificanceEvolutionary and comparative genomics, combined with reverse genetics, have the power to identify and characterize new biology. Here, we use these approaches in several nontraditional model species of budding yeasts to characterize a budding yeast secondary metabolite gene cluster, a set of genes responsible for production and reutilization of the siderophore pulcherrimin. We also use this information to assign roles in pulcherrimin utilization for two previously uncharacterizedSaccharomyces cerevisiaegenes. The evolution of this gene cluster in budding yeasts suggests an ecological role for pulcherrimin akin to other microbial public goods systems.
Entropic contribution to enhanced thermal stability in the thermostable P450 CYP119
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Lemmonds Sara , Huang Juan , Tyagi Madhusudan , Hong Liang , Jain Nitin 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Understanding the thermodynamic factors responsible for enhanced stability of thermophilic cytochrome P450 enzymes is significant in their development as efficient catalysts for high-temperature monooxygenation reactions. These factors are usually inferred from structural comparison with mesophilic P450s and invoke rigidifying enthalpic interactions as primary thermodynamic determinants for thermostability. Using the thermophilic P450 CYP119 as an example, the present work, however, questions this enthalpy-driven notion of P450 thermostability and provides strong experimental evidence that their thermostability may actually be entropy-driven due to increased flexibility in the folded state relative to mesophilic P450s and that this flexibility is partitioned effectively between functional activity and thermal stability. This represents a major paradigm shift in understanding the basis of thermostability in thermophilic P450s.
Faults and associated karst collapse suggest conduits for fluid flow that influence hydraulic fracturing-induced seismicity
Authors: Galloway Elwyn , Hauck Tyler , Corlett Hilary , Pană Dinu , Schultz Ryan 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Induced earthquakes can be caused by hydraulic fracturing (HF). However, the exact means by which stress changes are transferred to seismogenic faults are unknown. This paper provides evidence that a case of induced earthquakes in southern Alberta responded to increased pore pressure on a fault in hydraulic communication with the HF operation. Reflection-seismic and drill core data provide evidence that fluid flow along this fault caused strata underlying the target reservoir to dissolve, causing a karst collapse in the geological past. We suggest that seismogenic and hydraulically active faults are geologically rare and that the injection of fluid directly into them is even rarer, potentially explaining the small percentage of HF wells that cause induced earthquakes.
Distinct facial expressions represent pain and pleasure across cultures
Authors: Chen Chaona , Crivelli Carlos , Garrod Oliver G. B. , Schyns Philippe G. , Fernández-Dols José-Miguel , Jack Rachael E. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Humans often use facial expressions to communicate social messages. However, observational studies report that people experiencing pain or orgasm produce facial expressions that are indistinguishable, which questions their role as an effective tool for communication. Here, we investigate this counterintuitive finding using a new data-driven approach to model the mental representations of facial expressions of pain and orgasm in individuals from two different cultures. Using complementary analyses, we show that representations of pain and orgasm are distinct in each culture. We also show that pain is represented with similar face movements across cultures, whereas orgasm shows differences. Our findings therefore inform understanding of the possible communicative role of facial expressions of pain and orgasm, and how culture could shape their representation.
Dopaminergic basis for signaling belief updates, but not surprise, and the link to paranoia
Authors: Nour Matthew M. , Dahoun Tarik , Schwartenbeck Philipp , Adams Rick A. , FitzGerald Thomas H. B. , Coello Christopher , Wall Matthew B. , Dolan Raymond J. , Howes Oliver D. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
To survive in changing environments animals must use sensory information to form accurate representations of the world. Surprising sensory information might signal that our current beliefs about the world are inaccurate, motivating a belief update. Here, we investigate the neuroanatomical and neurochemical mechanisms underlying the brain’s ability to update beliefs following informative sensory cues. Using multimodal brain imaging in healthy human participants, we demonstrate that dopamine is strongly related to neural signals encoding belief updates, and that belief updating itself is closely related to the expression of individual differences in paranoid ideation. Our results shed new light on the role of dopamine in making inferences and are relevant for understanding psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, where dopamine function is disrupted.
Regnase-1 controls colon epithelial regeneration via regulation of mTOR and purine metabolism
Authors: Nagahama Yasuharu , Shimoda Mayuko , Mao Guoliang , Singh Shailendra Kumar , Kozakai Yuuki , Sun Xin , Motooka Daisuke , Nakamura Shota , Tanaka Hiroki , Satoh Takashi , Maeda Kazuhiko , Akira Shizuo 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with the gut microbiota and immune system of the host; however, the precise pathogenesis of IBD is poorly defined. We show that specific deletion of the endoribonuclease Regnase-1 in intestinal epithelial cells relieves the symptoms of experimental colitis during acute inflammation. Regnase-1 deficiency potentiates mTOR signaling and purine metabolism in the colon epithelium. These data provide insight into the role of epithelial Regnase-1 in IBD.
Genetic variation in the
SIM1
locus is associated with erectile dysfunction
Authors: Jorgenson Eric , Matharu Navneet , Palmer Melody R. , Yin Jie , Shan Jun , Hoffmann Thomas J. , Thai Khanh K. , Zhou Xujia , Hotaling James M. , Jarvik Gail P. , Ahituv Nadav , Wessells Hunter , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Erectile dysfunction is a common condition of men in middle and older ages. Twin studies suggest that about one-third of the risk is due to genetic factors, independent of other known erectile dysfunction risk factors. However, studies that have searched for specific genetic contributors have been limited due to small sample sizes, candidate gene approaches, and weak phenotyping. As a result, there are no confirmed genetic risk factors for erectile dysfunction. This study finds a specific genetic cause for erectile dysfunction.
Interplay between coronavirus, a cytoplasmic RNA virus, and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway
Authors: Wada Masami , Lokugamage Kumari G. , Nakagawa Keisuke , Narayanan Krishna , Makino Shinji 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are important pathogens for humans and domestic animals. The development of effective countermeasures against CoVs requires an understanding of the host pathways that regulate viral gene expression and the viral subversion mechanisms. However, little is known about how the stability of viral mRNAs is controlled. We show that the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway, which primarily targets aberrant cellular mRNAs for degradation, also induced the degradation of CoV mRNAs that are of cytoplasmic origin. Our study further suggests the importance of CoV-induced inhibition of the NMD pathway, mediated by a viral protein, for efficient CoV replication. The present study highlights an interplay between the NMD pathway and CoVs that modulates viral replication by controlling the stability of viral mRNAs.
Elongation factor P is required to maintain proteome homeostasis at high growth rate
Authors: Tollerson Rodney , Witzky Anne , Ibba Michael 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Adaptation to rapidly changing environments is essential for cellular fitness and is a critical component in pathogenesis. Translational control has important roles for fitness in a range of environments and requires multiple factors for efficient responses. One such factor is the translation elongation factor (EF)-P, which alleviates ribosome pausing at polyproline motifs. Our findings show that EF-P-mediated relief of ribosome queuing is integral in environmentally driven changes to translation rates. We observe that ribosome pausing leads to changes in protein yield only under rapid growth conditions, demonstrating that effects resulting from ribosome queuing correlate directly with translational demand. These results provide physiological context to previous studies establishing EF-P as a critical factor in cell growth and virulence.
Language education in and for a multilingual Europe
Authors: Byram Michael 
Published: October 2018

As Europe becomes ever more heterogeneous in population and languages, education systems have to change and the teaching of languages has to evolve in terms of policies and methodologies. The specific nature of the European situation includes the presence of European organisations – notably the European Union and the Council of Europe – which impact on policy and methodology at state level, leading to a degree of similarity and harmonisation. The analysis here focuses first on policies and to what extent they take account of changes in societies, and second on changes in the aims and purposes of teaching, and the consequent changes in didactics. Some language policy-making is static and takes little note of change but there is some which takes account of the fluidity of contemporary societies and in particular the ways in which they respond to migration and the languages of migrants. Future directions might give language teaching a role in citizenship education as education systems strive to help create inclusive multilingual societies.
Effect of mutation of C-terminal and heme binding region of Arabidopsis catalase on the import to peroxisomes
Authors: Fujikawa Yukichi , Suekawa Marina , Endo Satoshi , Fukami Youjirou , Mano Shoji , Nishimura Mikio , Esaka Muneharu 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
We evaluated the import of Arabidopsis catalase to peroxisomes under homogenous transient expression. The amino acids at −11 to −4 from the C-terminus are necessary for catalase import. The results are in agreement with the previous work under stable expression. We first demonstrate that heme-binding sites are important for peroxisomal import, suggesting the importance of catalase folding.
Abbreviations: AtCat: Arabidopsis catalase; PTS: peroxisomal targeting signal; PEX: Peroxin
Quantitation and sensory properties of three newly identified pyroglutamyl oligopeptides in sake
Authors: Hashizume Katsumi , Ito Toshihiko , Nagae Yusuke , Tokiwano Tetsuo 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Three new peptides: (pGlu)L-ethyl, (pGlu)LFGP-ethyl and (pGlu)LFNP-ethyl, were identified in the search for pyroglutamyl oligopeptide ethyl esters in sake. The ethyl esterified peptides in sake were quantitated using stable isotope dilution analysis and additional quantitation of (pGlu)L was performed using an external standard method. The concentrations of (pGlu)L-ethyl and (pGlu)L in 33 commercial sake samples ranged from 0.16 to 1.57 mg/L and 1.49 to 7.55 mg/L, respectively. The sensory properties of the pyroglutamyl oligopeptide ethyl esters and corresponding non-esterified peptides were examined: the estimated difference threshold of (pGlu)L (2.0 mg/L) and (pGlu)L-ethyl (0.267 mg/L) was exceeded in 32 and 26 samples, respectively. Estimated thresholds of (pGlu)LFGP-ethyl and (pGlu)LFNP-ethyl were often lower than the levels in quantitated sake samples. The sensory effects of these pyroglutamyl dipeptides on a model sake quality may be negative because of their unpleasant taste, however, (pGlu)LFNP-ethyl may be positive because of its mild taste.
Stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds
Authors: Christensen Nelson 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A stochastic background of gravitational waves could be created by the superposition of a large number of independent sources. The physical processes occurring at the earliest moments of the universe certainly created a stochastic background that exists, at some level, today. This is analogous to the cosmic microwave background, which is an electromagnetic record of the early universe. The recent observations of gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors imply that there is also a stochastic background that has been created by binary black hole and binary neutron star mergers over the history of the universe. Whether the stochastic background is observed directly, or upper limits placed on it in specific frequency bands, important astrophysical and cosmological statements about it can be made. This review will summarize the current state of research of the stochastic background, from the sources of these gravitational waves to the current methods used to observe them.
Torsional waves driven by convection and jets in Earth’s liquid core
Authors: Teed R J , Jones C A , Tobias S M 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARY
Turbulence and waves in Earth’s iron-rich liquid outer core are believed to be responsible for the generation of the geomagnetic field via dynamo action. When waves break upon the mantle they cause a shift in the rotation rate of Earth’s solid exterior and contribute to variations in the length-of-day on a ∼6-yr timescale. Though the outer core cannot be probed by direct observation, such torsional waves are believed to propagate along Earth’s radial magnetic field, but as yet no self-consistent mechanism for their generation has been determined. Here we provide evidence of a realistic physical excitation mechanism for torsional waves observed in numerical simulations. We find that inefficient convection above and below the solid inner core traps buoyant fluid forming a density gradient between pole and equator, similar to that observed in Earth’s atmosphere. Consequently, a shearing jet stream—a ‘thermal wind’—is formed near the inner core; evidence of such a jet has recently been found. Owing to the sharp density gradient and influence of magnetic field, convection at this location is able to operate with the turnover frequency required to generate waves. Amplified by the jet it then triggers a train of oscillations. Our results demonstrate a plausible mechanism for generating torsional waves under Earth-like conditions and thus further cement their importance for Earth’s core dynamics.
Trends and inequalities in maternal and child health in a Brazilian city: methodology and sociodemographic description of four population-based birth cohort studies, 1982–2015
Authors: Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Barros Fernando C , Hallal Pedro R C , Mielke Gregore I , Oliveira Paula D , Maia Maria Fatima S , Horta Bernardo L , Gonçalves Helen , Barros Aluísio J D , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana , Murray Joseph , Victora Cesar G ,   Pelotas Cohorts Study Group, Menezes Ana M B , Matijasevich Alicia , Bassani Diego , Wehrmeister Fernando C , Santos Iná S , Assunção Maria Cecilia F , Silveira Mariangela F , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Few low-middle-income countries have data from comparable birth cohort studies spanning over time. We report on the methods used by the Pelotas cohorts (1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015) and describe time trends in sociodemographic characteristics of the participant families.

Methods
During the four study years, all maternity hospitals in the city were visited daily, and all urban women giving birth were enrolled. Data on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were collected using standardized questionnaires, including data on maternal and paternal skin colour, age and schooling, maternal marital status, family income and household characteristics. The analyses included comparisons of time trends and of socioeconomic and ethnic group inequalities.

Results
Despite a near 50% increase in the city’s population between 1982 and 2015, the total number of births declined from 6011 to 4387. The proportion of mothers aged ≥35 years increased from 9.9% to 14.8%, and average maternal schooling from 6.5 [standard deviation (SD) 4.2] to 10.1 (SD 4.0) years. Treated water was available in 95.3% of households in 1982 and 99.3% in 2015. Three-quarters of the families had a refrigerator in 1982, compared with 98.3% in 2015. Absolute income-related inequalities in maternal schooling, household crowding, household appliances and access to treated water were markedly reduced between 1982 and 2015. Maternal skin colour was associated with inequalities in age at childbearing and schooling, as well as with household characteristics.

Conclusions
During the 33-year period, there were positive changes in social and environmental determinants of health, including income, education, fertility and characteristics of the home environment. Socioeconomic inequality was also reduced.
Development and evaluation of a matheuristic for the combined beam angle and dose distribution problem in radiotherapy planning
Authors: Obal Thalita Monteiro , Irawan Chandra Ade , Jones Dylan , Ouelhadj Djamila , Florentino Helenice Oliveira , Gryczak Vania , Volpi Neida Maria Patias , Wilhelm Volmir Eugenio 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Radiotherapy planning is vital for ensuring the maximum level of effectiveness of treatment. In the planning task, there are at least two connected decision problems that can be modelled and solved using operational research techniques: determining the best position of the radiotherapy machine (beam angle problem) and the optimal dose delivered through each beam (dose distribution problem). This paper presents a mathematical optimization model for solving the combined beam angle and dose distribution problems in the presence of multiple objectives. A matheuristic based on Tabu Search (called TSrad) is developed to solve realistic large-scale instances. The performance of the proposed method is assessed on two prostate cancer instances, namely a single computed tomography (CT) slice and a set of CT slices (three-dimensional problem). For the single-slice problem, the results of TSrad are compared to the optimal solutions obtained by an exact method. Our experiments show that TSrad is able to achieve optimality for some instances. For the multi-slice problem, our experiments show that TSrad produces viable solutions that can be attained in a reasonable computational time.
A convergent finite volume method for the Kuramoto equation and related nonlocal conservation laws
Authors: Chatterjee N , Fjordholm U S 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We derive and study a Lax–Friedrichs-type finite volume method for a large class of nonlocal continuity equations in multiple dimensions. We prove that the method converges weakly to the measure-valued solution and converges strongly if the initial data is of bounded variation. Several numerical examples for the kinetic Kuramoto equation are provided, demonstrating that the method works well for both regular and singular data.