bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between a multi-variate nudging method and the ensemble Kalman filter for sea-ice data assimilation
Authors: FRITZNER SINDRE M. , GRAVERSEN RUNE G. , WANG KEGUANG , CHRISTENSEN KAI H. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIncreasing ship traffic and human activity in the Arctic has led to a growing demand for accurate Arctic weather forecast. High-quality forecasts obtained by models are dependent on accurate initial states achieved by assimilation of observations. In this study, a multi-variate nudging (MVN) method for assimilation of sea-ice variables is introduced. The MVN assimilation method includes procedures for multivariate update of sea-ice volume and concentration, and for extrapolation of observational information spatially. The MVN assimilation scheme is compared with the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) using the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model. Two multi-variate experiments are conducted: in the first experiment, sea-ice thickness from the European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission is assimilated, and in the second experiment, sea-ice concentration from the ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility is assimilated. The multivariate effects are cross-validated by comparing the model with non-assimilated observations. It is found that the simple and computationally cheap MVN method shows comparable skills to the more complicated and expensive EnKF method for multivariate update. In addition, we show that when few observations are available, the MVN method is a significant model improvement compared to the version based on one-dimensional sea-ice concentration assimilation.
Reservoir Ages in the Western Tropical North Atlantic from One Coral off Martinique Island (Lesser Antilles)
Authors: Paterne Martine , Feuillet Nathalie , Cabioch Guy , Cortijo Elsa , Blamart Dominique , Weill-Accardo Jennifer , Bonneau Lucile , Colin Christophe , Douville Eric , Pons-Branchu Edwige 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSea surface reservoir ages (R) are reported from radiocarbon (14C) measurements of the annual growth bands of coral Siderastrea siderea collected on the Atlantic coast off Martinique Island, in the Lesser Antilles volcanic arc. Mean values of R are similar between 1835 and 1845 during pre-anthropogenic times at 385±30 yr and between 1895 and 1905 at 382±20 yr when there was a huge eruption from the Montagne Pelée volcano in 1902–1903. Limited 14C aging of sea surface (~40 yr) may be due to enhanced volcanic activity. Variability of R is slightly greater during 1835–1845 than during 1895–1905. It is linked to a moderate increase of ∆14C of 5‰, strengthened by a clear increase of δ18O of 0.4‰. This is attributed to a decrease of the northward advection of the South Atlantic Waters into the western tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea and relative enhanced westward flux of the tropical North Atlantic surface waters, the southern waters having lower values of 14C and δ18O than the North Atlantic ones. From 1835 to 1845, the fraction of the South Atlantic Waters transported up to Martinique Island was reduced from 25% to 15%.
First record of Halocercus sp. (Pseudaliidae) lungworm infections in two stranded neonatal orcas (Orcinus orca)
Authors: Reckendorf A. , Ludes-Wehrmeister E. , Wohlsein P. , Tiedemann R. , Siebert U. , Lehnert K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOrca (Orcinus orca) strandings are rare and post-mortem examinations on fresh individuals are scarce. Thus, little is known about their parasitological fauna, prevalence of infections, associated pathology and the impact on their health. During post-mortem examinations of two male neonatal orcas stranded in Germany and Norway, lungworm infections were found within the bronchi of both individuals. The nematodes were identified as Halocercus sp. (Pseudaliidae), which have been described in the respiratory tract of multiple odontocete species, but not yet in orcas. The life cycle and transmission pathways of some pseudaliid nematodes are incompletely understood. Lungworm infections in neonatal cetaceans are an unusual finding and thus seem to be an indicator for direct mother-to-calf transmission (transplacental or transmammary) of Halocercus sp. nematodes in orcas.
Deterioration of functional abilities in children surviving the Fontan operation
Authors: Ricci M. Florencia , Martin Billie-Jean , Joffe Ari R. , Dinu Irina A. , Alton Gwen Y. , Guerra Gonzalo G. , Robertson Charlene M. T. ,   For the Western Canadian Complex Pediatric Therapies Follow-Up Program
Published: April 2018

AbstractFunctional abilities are needed for activities of daily living. In general, these skills expand with age. We hypothesised that, in contrast to what is normally expected, children surviving the Fontan may have deterioration of functional abilities, and that peri-Fontan stroke is associated with this deterioration. All children registered in the Western Canadian Complex Pediatric Therapies Follow-up Program who survived a Fontan operation in the period 1999–2016 were eligible for inclusion. At the age of 2 years (pre-Fontan) and 4.5 years (post-Fontan), the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II general adaptive composite score was determined (population mean: 100, standard deviation: 15). Deterioration of functional abilities was defined as ⩾1 standard deviation decrease in pre- to post-Fontan scores. Perioperative strokes were identified through chart review. Multivariable logistic regression analysis determined predictors of deterioration of functional abilities. Of 133 children, with a mean age at Fontan of 3.3 years (standard deviation 0.8) and 65% male, the mean (standard deviation) general adaptive composite score was 90.6 (17.5) at 2 years and 88.3 (19.1) at 4.5 years. After Fontan, deterioration of functional abilities occurred in 34 (26%) children, with a mean decline of 21.8 (7.1) points. Evidence of peri-Fontan stroke was found in 10 (29%) children who had deterioration of functional abilities. Peri-Fontan stroke (odds ratio 5.00 (95% CI 1.74, 14.36)) and older age at Fontan (odds ratio 1.67 (95% CI 1.02, 2.73)) predicted functional deterioration. The trajectory of functional abilities should be assessed in this population, as more than 25% experience deterioration. Efforts to prevent peri-Fontan stroke, and to complete the Fontan operation at an earlier age, may lead to reduction of this deterioration.
Analysis of Medical Responses in Mass Gatherings: The Commemoration Ceremonies for the 100th Anniversary of the Battle of Gallipoli
Authors: Koçak Hüseyin , Çalışkan Cüneyt , Sönmezler Mehmet Şerafettin , Eliuz Kenan , Küçükdurmaz Fatih 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionMass crowds outside the routine population create a burden of disease on Emergency Medical Services (EMS). The need for EMS in various mass-crowd events may vary. It is especially important to determine the EMS requirement that emerges during the historic commemoration ceremonies in Çanakkale (Turkey).Hypothesis/ProblemThis study aims to determine the unique challenges in the planning of EMS responses provided for people from various countries at the commemoration ceremony for a 100-year-old war and to identify the medical provision of those services.MethodsThis descriptive study examined the patient applications in the Çanakkale EMS at the commemoration ceremonies for the 100th anniversary of Gallipoli Wars (Çanakkale Amphibious Wars – Turkey) on April 24-25, 2015.ResultsA total of 221 cases were handled by 112 EMS in the ceremony area. Of those, 87.3% of the cases applied to a mobile operating room (MOR) stationed in the ceremony area while 12.7% of them applied directly to the health care team in a large area in the ceremony area. Overall, 13.1% of the cases were transferred to the hospital for further evaluation and treatment. Patient presentation rate (PPR) of the patients who were treated during the two days was 4.42, and transfer to hospital rate (TTHR) of the cases transferred to the hospital was calculated to be 0.58.ConclusionFurther studies may create models in regard to the estimations on mass and needs based on the data of previous organizations.KoçakH, ÇalışkanC, SönmezlerMS, EliuzK, KüçükdurmazF. Analysis of medical responses in mass gatherings: the commemoration ceremonies for the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Gallipoli. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(3):288–292.
Could local integration of health and social care finally overcome the pull to the centre?
Authors: Dixon Anna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere are several advantages of Bevan’s design, such as progressive funding through taxation and equity of access regardless of income, that we must not lose sight of as we celebrate the NHS’s (National Health Service) 70th birthday. However, there remain historical fault-lines dividing health and social care. The challenge is how to preserve equity if a more radical reform were implemented to fully integrate both the funding and delivery of health and social care. Funding from national taxation with defined entitlements could preserve both equity in funding and geographical equity. This does not solve the issue of the pull to the centre, which has been a feature of the NHS throughout its history, according to Klein. This will require a fundamental shift in the use of data. Data must be wrenched from the hands of the regulators and put back in the hands of those who generate them for the purposes of improvement.
The General Principles of International Criminal Law in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: SAYAPIN Sergey 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInternational Criminal Law [ICL] contains a number of general principles, which form the foundations of and conditions for holding individuals criminally responsible for crimes under international law (genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression), and other crimes against the peace and security of mankind. Most general principles of ICL have been adequately implemented in the current (second) edition of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This paper assesses the quality of and identifies the lacunae in the implementation of Kazakhstan’s Criminal Code, with a view to suggesting further improvements to this Code.
Pressure Dependence of the Liquidus and Solidus Temperatures in the Fe‐P Binary System Determined by In Situ Ultrasonics: Implications to the Solidification of Fe‐P Liquids in Planetary Cores
Authors: Chantel Julien , Jing Zhicheng , Xu Man , Yu Tony , Wang Yanbin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe have developed a new technique for determining the liquidus and eutectic (or solidus) temperatures of Fe‐light element alloys at high pressures in a multianvil apparatus, by studying ultrasonic wave propagation through the sample. While the onset of melting is manifested by the loss of both compressional (P‐) and shear (S‐) wave signals due to the scattering of sound waves by partial melts, the completion of melting is confirmed by the reappearance of the P wave signal when the scattering due to residual crystals disappears. By applying this technique to the Fe‐P binary system with three different phosphorus contents, we were able to constrain the Fe‐rich portion of the phase diagram up to 7 GPa and 1,733 K. Our results show that for phosphorus‐poor compositions, ranging from Fe‐5wt%P to the eutectic composition, the liquidus temperature exhibits a weak negative pressure dependence (dT/dP = −10.4 K GPa−1 for Fe‐5wt%P). While for the phosphorus‐richer compositions, including Fe‐10wt%P and Fe3P, the liquidus temperature increases significantly with pressure (dT/dP = 71.3 and 62.5 K GPa−1, respectively). This indicates a shift of the eutectic composition to lower phosphorus contents with increasing pressure. Consequently, molten metallic cores of planetary bodies with phosphorus contents ranging from Fe‐5wt%P to the eutectic composition would start crystallization from the top of the core and proceed downward. Whereas cores with phosphorus‐richer compositions (Fe‐10wt%P to Fe3P) would undergo a bottom‐up crystallization, resulting in a growing solid inner core.
Real-life achievement of lipid-lowering treatment targets in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente: systemic assessment of pharmacological and nutritional factors
Authors: Gant Christina M. , Binnenmars S. Heleen , Harmelink Manon , Soedamah-Muthu Sabita S. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Navis Gerjan , Laverman Gozewijn D. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) in type 2 diabetes mellitus is of paramount importance in preventing cardiovascular disease. However, treatment targets for LDLc are often not reached. We studied the prevalence of LDLc target achievement in a real-life population of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in secondary care, and investigated whether in those not on target, there is room for intensifying pharmacological and lifestyle management according to current treatment guidelines.

Subjects/Methods
We performed a cross-sectional analysis in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente-1 (DIALECT-1; n = 450, age 63 ± 9 years, 58% men, diabetes duration 11 (7–18) years). At baseline, we determined plasma LDLc concentration, pharmacological treatment (i.e., statin use), and lifestyle (physical activity and dietary intake). Patients were divided according to LDLc < 1.8, LDLc 1.8–2.5, and LDLc > 2.5 mmol/l. Dietary intake was collected from a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (177 items) and we determined guideline adherence for different food groups. Physical activity was assessed with the Short Questionnaire to ASsess Health enhancing behavior.

Results
LDLc data were available in 428 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. LDLc ≤ 2.5 mmol/l was achieved in 317 patients (76%). In total, 76% of patients used statins, in those with LDLc > 2.5 mmol/l, this was 44%. Adherence to lifestyle guidelines was not different between the LDLc groups and was as follows: body mass index 6%, physical activity 59%, vegetables 7%, fruit 28%, legumes 59%, nuts 14%, dairy 19%, fish 36%, tea 8%, fats 66%, red meat 12%, processed meat 2%, alcohol 71%, sweetened beverages 34%, and sodium 12%.

Conclusions
In type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in secondary health care, the target LDLc is achieved by three quarters of patients. Increasing statin treatment could be a first step to improve LDLc. In addition, there are ample opportunities for lifestyle management through increasing adherence to lifestyle guidelines.
Dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes among Ghanaian migrants in Europe and their compatriots in Ghana: the RODAM study
Authors: Galbete Cecilia , Nicolaou Mary , Meeks Karlijn , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , de-Graft Aikins Ama , Addo Juliet , Amoah Stephen K. , Smeeth Liam , Owusu-Dabo Ellis , Spranger Joachim , Agyemang Charles , Mockenhaupt Frank P. , Beune Erik , Stronks Karien , Schulze Matthias B. , Danquah Ina 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background/objectives
We aimed to study the associations of dietary patterns (DPs) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Ghanaian adults.

Subjects/methods
In the multi-centre, cross-sectional RODAM (Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants) study (n = 4543), three overall DPs (“mixed”, “rice, pasta, meat and fish,” and “roots, tubers and plantain”) and two site-specific DPs per study site (rural Ghana, urban Ghana and Europe) were identified by principal component analysis. The DPs–T2D associations were calculated by logistic regression models.

Results
Higher adherence to the “rice, pasta, meat and fish” DP (characterized by legumes, rice/pasta, meat, fish, cakes/sweets, condiments) was associated with decreased odds of T2D, adjusted for socio-demographic factors, total energy intake and adiposity measures (odds ratio (OR)per 1 SD = 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.70–0.92). Similar DPs and T2D associations were discernible in urban Ghana and Europe. In the total study population, neither the “mixed” DP (whole grain cereals, sweet spreads, dairy products, potatoes, vegetables, poultry, coffee/tea, sodas/juices, olive oil) nor the “roots, tubers and plantain” DP (refined cereals, fruits, nuts/seeds, roots/tubers/plantain, fermented maize products, legumes, palm oil, condiments) was associated with T2D. Yet, after the exclusion of individuals with self-reported T2D, the “roots, tubers and plantain” DP was inversely associated with T2D (ORper 1 SD = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.69–1.12).

Conclusion
In this Ghanaian population, DPs characterized by the intake of legumes, fish, meat and confectionery were inversely associated with T2D. The effect of a traditional-oriented diet (typical staples, vegetables and legumes) remains unclear.
Human adipose tissue protein analyses using capillary western blot technology
Authors: Lu Jin , Allred Carolyn C. , Jensen Michael D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA capillary western blot (Wes®) technology has recently been validated for analyses of cell culture lysate proteins, but whether it is reliable for human tissue proteins is unknown. We compared traditional western blotting to the Wes® capillary western method to quantitate the relative amount of human adipose tissue CD36, the ratio of phosphorylated Erk1/2 (pErk1/2) to total Erk1/2 during insulin clamp or after niacin treatment and the fold increase in pAktS473 (Akt phosphorylation on Ser473) in response to feeding. The results from these two methods were highly correlated (r = 0.932 for CD36, r = 0.905 for pErk1/2:Erk1/2, r = 0.923 for the change in pAkt/Akt, P < 0.001). On Wes® we observed the distinct peaks around the expected molecular weights for these proteins with decreasing peak areas with serial dilutions of loading protein amount. Wes® and traditional western blot both had linear dynamic ranges for CD36, Erk1/2 and Akt. Due to differences in signal responsiveness for pAkt/Akt, we employed a calibrator sample and log transformation of data to allow proper comparisons. The Wes® approach required less sample than the traditional western blot and less technician/assay time, while achieving high sensitivity and good reproducibility. Capillary western technology (Wes®) provides a satisfactory alternative for analyses of human adipose tissue proteins.
Cascading effects on bacterial communities: cattle grazing causes a shift in the microbiome of a herbivorous caterpillar
Authors: Berman Tali S , Laviad-Shitrit Sivan , Lalzar Maya , Halpern Malka , Inbar Moshe 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Large mammalian herbivores greatly influence the functioning of grassland ecosystems. Through plant consumption, excreta, and trampling, they modify biodiversity, nutrient cycling, and soil properties. Grazing mammals can also alter soil and rhizosphere bacterial communities, but their effect on the microbiome of other animals in the habitat (i.e., insects) is unknown. Using an experimental field approach and Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed the influence of cattle grazing on the microbial community of spring webworm caterpillars, Ocnogyna loewii. Our experimental setup included replicated grazed and non-grazed paddocks from which caterpillars were collected twice (first-second and fourth-fifth instar). The caterpillars’ microbiome is composed mostly of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and contains a potential symbiont from the genus Carnobacterium (55% of reads). We found that grazing significantly altered the microbiome composition of late instar caterpillars, probably through changes in diet (plant) composition and availability. Furthermore, the microbiome composition of early instar caterpillars significantly differed from late instar caterpillars in 221 OTUs (58 genera). Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were dominant in early instars, while Carnobacterium and Acinetobacter were dominant in late instars. This study provides new ecological perspectives on the cascading effects mammalian herbivores may have on the microbiome of other animals in their shared habitat.
Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in East Asian patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: subgroup analyses of the phase 3 POLLUX study
Authors: Suzuki Kenshi , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Takezako Naoki , Okamoto Shinichiro , Shinagawa Atsushi , Matsumoto Morio , Kosugi Hiroshi , Yoon Sung-Soo , Huang Shang-Yi , Qin Xiang , Qi Ming , Iida Shinsuke 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the phase 3 POLLUX study, daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (DRd) significantly reduced the risk of progression/death and induced deeper responses vs. lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone (Rd) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). We report a subgroup analysis of East Asian (Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese) patients from POLLUX based on a longer follow-up of 24.7 months. Median progression-free survival was not reached (NR) for DRd vs. 13.8 months for Rd (hazard ratio [HR], 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23–0.76), and overall response rates were higher for DRd vs. Rd (90.2 vs. 72.1%). DRd extended the median duration of response vs. Rd (NR vs. 20.2 months), and minimal residual disease–negative rates at the 10–5 sensitivity threshold were 21.2 vs. 9.1% for DRd vs. Rd. No new safety signals were observed. Similar efficacy and safety were observed in the smaller subgroup of Japanese patients treated with DRd vs. Rd. These results demonstrate favorable efficacy and safety of DRd vs. Rd in East Asian patients and also in the Japanese-only patient subgroup that are consistent with findings in the overall patient population of POLLUX.
IL-21 drives expansion and plasma cell differentiation of autoreactive CD11chiT-bet+ B cells in SLE
Authors: Wang Shu , Wang Jingya , Kumar Varsha , Karnell Jodi L. , Naiman Brian , Gross Phillip S. , Rahman Saifur , Zerrouki Kamelia , Hanna Richard , Morehouse Christopher , Holoweckyj Nicholas , Liu Hao ,   Autoimmunity Molecular Medicine Team, Casey Kerry , Smith Michael , Parker Melissa , White Natalie , Riggs Jeffrey , Ward Beth , Bhat Geetha , Rajan Bhargavi , Grady Rebecca , Groves Chris , Manna Zerai , Goldbach-Mansky Raphaela , Hasni Sarfaraz , Siegel Richard , Sanjuan Miguel , Streicher Katie , Cancro Michael P. , Kolbeck Roland , Ettinger Rachel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough the aetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear, dysregulated B cell responses have been implicated. Here we show that an unusual CD11chiT-bet+ B cell subset, with a unique expression profile including chemokine receptors consistent with migration to target tissues, is expanded in SLE patients, present in nephrotic kidney, enriched for autoreactive specificities and correlates with defined clinical manifestations. IL-21 can potently induce CD11chiT-bet+ B cells and promote the differentiation of these cells into Ig-secreting autoreactive plasma cells. While murine studies have identified a role for T-bet-expressing B cells in autoimmunity, this study describes and exemplifies the importance of CD11chiT-bet+ B cells in human SLE.