bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial and Antioxidant activities of Indonesian ginger (jahe emprit) essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation
Authors: Azizah Nurul , Filaila Euis , Salahuddin Salahuddin , Agustian Egi , Sulaswatty Anny , Artanti Nina 
Published: March 2019

The rhizome of ginger is commonly used as a spice, food, beverage as well as medicine. Plant essential oils including from ginger have been widely used for food preservation, pharmaceutical and alternative medicines. Currently there are growing interest of consumer for natural sources such as essential oils for natural antibacterial and antioxidant. Jahe emprit (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) is one of Indonesian ginger variety used to obtain ginger essential oil. The objective of current study was to investigate the effect of solvent to feed (SF) ratio in hydrodistillation process on yield, chemicals content, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ginger essential oils from jahe emprit. SF ratio used in this study is 0.7: 1, 1.7: 1, 2.7: 1. Chemicals content was conducted using GCMS analysis. Antibacterial assay was conducted using disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant assay was conducted using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The results show that the highest essential oil yield was obtained from SF ratio 1.7:1 which gave yield of 3.7%. GCMS analysis shows that camphene was always the major compound present in those 3 SF ratio, although the amount present was differed. Besides, 4 other major compounds present were varied. Antibacterial assay using 1% concentration showed ginger oil obtained from SF 0.7:1 and 2.7:1 have the same activities for S. aureus, whereas SF ratio 1.7:1 has the lowest activities. However for E. coli, all SF ratio gave same results. For antioxidant activities at 1000 ppm concentration, the highest activity was obtained from SF ratio 2.7:1
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF SOCIAL MECHANISM OF PROVISION OF SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE SPHERE OF INTERETHNIC AND INTERCONFESSION RELATIONS
Authors: Maximova Svetlana G. , Surtaeva Olga V. , Noyanzina Oksana E. , Omelchenko Daria A. 
Published: March 2019

An article presents the analysis of methodological approaches to the construction of a model of social mechanism of provision of social security in the sphere of interethnic and interconfession relations in conditions of the migration processes transformation. A general focus lays on the analysis of social mechanism of provision of social security in the context of social risks in the sphere of interethnic and interconfession relations; it includes three level of analysis: micro level (institutional), meso level (social-group) and micro level (individual). The given conceptual model has a number of important methodological and methodical functions, helps to make the understanding of the process of provision of social security in the sphere of interethnic and interconfession relations more holistic; makes interregional and international correlations in the study of interethnic and interconfession relations in conditions of the migration processes transformation more system and operationalized.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE: THROUGH THE PRISM OF SUBJECTIVE EVIDENCE OF THE CRIMES COMMITTED IN THE SPHERE OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
Authors: Дроздов Владимир Юрьевич , Хлыстова Надежда Борисовна 
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the description of subjective signs of crimes committed in the sphere of public procurement as socially dangerous acts that infringe on the socio-economic security of the state as a whole. The relevance of the study is noted, it is indicated that the public danger of crimes committed in the field of public procurement is associated with special features of the subject who committed the crime, the concept of which is inextricably intertwined with the concept of an official. A retrospective analysis of the concept of «official». The attention is focused on the fact that the establishment of authorized persons in the Commission of corruption crimes in procurement should be based on the fact that the crimes of this category can be committed only by persons performing their functions exclusively in the performance of their powers related to the procurement. There are arguments in favor of the fact that the subjective side of crimes in the sphere of state, municipal procurement and procurement by certain types of legal entities is characterized by guilt in the form of intent in relation to the criminal act itself, a selfish motive or other personal interest, while the attitude to the consequences does not affect the qualification. It is indicated that when committing a corruption crime in the field of public procurement, the act is a violation of the rules regulated by special rules for procurement at any stage. Conclusions are drawn on the structure of the analyzedcrimes.
L'internationalisation du goût. Activités marchandes des immigrés grecs en Belgique et en Australie
Authors: Seraïdari Katerina 
Published: March 2019

L’article analyse le rôle que les immigrés grecs ont joué en Australie et en Belgique en ce qui concerne la croissance des échanges alimentaires, le rapprochement des comportements de consommation et l’élargissement du répertoire culinaire. Dans les deux cas, l’internationalisation apparaît comme une stratégie marchande permettant à un commerce fondé par des immigrés d’être viable. La juxtaposition de ces deux terrains révèle également que l’internationalisation se présente sous deux formes tant complémentaires que contradictoires : une forme qui maintient les barrières nationales et qui ethnicise, tout en s’appuyant sur l’exoticisation ; et une forme qui tend à refuser la spécificité nationale et à neutraliser tout ce qui apparaissait jusqu’alors exotique.
La précarisation des parcours sur le segment secondaire de l’emploi à la Commission européenne de Bruxelles
Authors: Ballatore Magali , Bertrand Jean-Baptiste 
Published: March 2019

La Commission européenne (CE) à Bruxelles est souvent vue comme un corps de fonctionnaires privilégiés à la fibre européenne. Cependant, au cœur de cette institution aujourd’hui, existent différents types de travailleurs sous des statuts professionnels variés. Regarder de plus près la morphologie sociale et la diversité des situations que connaissent ces travailleurs périphériques, ainsi que le phénomène d’hybridation au sein de la CE, fait apparaît assez clairement un certain fossé entre la position de permanents et de non-permanents. Dans cet article nous nous intéressons à cette population de travailleurs qualifiés en emploi temporaire. Ce faisant, nous essayons de dresser un portrait du passé migratoire, scolaire et/ou professionnel, ainsi que des origines sociales de ce personnel, rentré dans l’institution par la « petite porte ». 1234 questionnaires, 22 entretiens et un certain nombre de note d’observations ont été analysés afin de développer une discussion critique sur les conditions de travail et de vie de ce personnel. Nous explorons comparativement également à la fois les expériences et les représentations de ces jeunes qualifiés, en situation de « précarité » de l’emploi, provenant de différents pays européens. Les inégalités spatiales et sociales à l’intérieur de cette « élite » transnationale européenne sont le fil conducteur de nos analyses.
Penanganan Perioperatif Pasien Penyakit Jantung Kongenital Dewasa dengan ASD, Suspek Hipertensi Pulmonal, LV Smallish
Authors: Wardhana Wisnhu , Boom Cindy Elfira 
Published: March 2019

Penyakit jantung kongenital dewasa / grown-up congenital heart disease (GUCH) yang menempati urutan teratas dengan insidensi 10% dari jantung kongenital asianotik pada dewasa adalah atrial septal defect (ASD). Terapi optimal ASD masih kontroversial. Operasi direkomendasikan pada pasien usia pertengahan dan usia tua dengan pintasan kiri ke kanan yang bermakna. Komorbid yang paling sering didapatkan pada defek kongenital pada usia dewasa muda adalah gangguan hemodinamik, hipertensi pulmonal, aritmia, penyakit kardiovaskular dan penyakit resprasi. Dilaporkan pasien perempuan usia 29 tahun dengan atrial septal defect(ASD) dengan hipertensi pulmonaldan Left Ventricle (LV) Smallishyang dilakukan operasi penututupan defek atrial atau ASD closure. Persiapan preoperasi mencakup anamnesa, pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan penunjang.Perubahan patologi utama adalah peningkatan resistensi vaskuler paru dan perubahan sekunder terhadap peningkatan aliran darah dari pintasan kiri ke kanan. Masalah yang dihadapi pada pasien perioperasi ini adalah ukuran jantung kiri baik atrium maupun ventrikel kiri yang kecil memberikan dampak hemodinamik tidak stabil berupa aritmia dan pulmonal hipertensi saat dilakukan penutupan defek. Pemberianobat topangan jantung (nitroglyserin, milrinone, norepinephrine, adrenaline) dan pembuatan Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) memberikan hasil hemodinamik yang stabil selama operasi dan di ruang perawatan Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
KAJIAN TERHADAP FASAD MALL DI SEMARANG
Authors: Kosanti Aulusia Ika , Dwiyanto Agung 
Published: March 2019

Kota merupakan salah satu tempat kehidupan manusia yang dapat dikatakan paling kompleks, karena perkembangannya dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas pengguna perkotaan. Kota Semarang yang mempunyai fungsi dan peran sebagai Ibu Kota Provinsi Jawa Tengah, menunjukan adanya pertumbuhan fisik yang dilaksanakan oleh berbagai pihak dengan kepentingannya masing-masing. Pembangunan fisik tersebut yang dilaksanakan adalah penyediaan fasilitas perdagangan dan jasa yang didalamnya termasuk bangunan komersial seperti mall. Keberadaan mall yang semakin marak, secara tidak langsung akan meningkatkan persaingan antara mall yang satu dengan mall yang lainnya. Kemampuan untuk menarik konsumen juga sangat perlu dimiliki oleh sebuah mall agar dapat terus mempertahankan keberadaannya salah satunya dengan cara pengaplikasian desain fasad yang menarik dalam perancangan sebuah mall. Keberagaman bentuk fasad bangunan mall berhubungan dengan kualitas visual estetika yang terbentuk dalam setiap bangunan mall yang ada di Semarang. Untuk mengetahui hubungan tersebut, dibutuhkan persepsi pengunjung untuk menilai, sehingga hasil yang didapatkan obyektif.
Characterization and first results of the planetary borehole-wall imager — methods to develop for in-situ exploration
Authors: Kereszturi Ákos , Duvet Ludovic , Gróf Gyula , Gyenis Ákos , Gyenis Tamás , Kapui Zsuzsanna , Kovács Bálint , Maros Gyula 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrototypes of borehole-wall imager instruments were developed and tested at a desert riverbed in Morocco and at a lake’s salty flat in the Atacama desert, to support the drilling activity of ExoMars rover. The onsite recorded borehole images contain information on the context that are lost during the sample acquisition. Benefits of the borehole-wall imaging is the easier maximal energy estimation of a fluvial flow, the detailed information on sedimentation and layering, especially the former existence of liquid water and its temporal changes, including paleo-flow direction estimation from grain imbrication direction. Benefits of laboratory analysis of the acquired samples are the better identification of mineral types, determination of the level of maturity of granular sediment, and identification of the smallest, wet weathered grains. Based on the lessons learned during the comparison of field and laboratory results, we demonstrate that recording the borehole-wall with optical instrument during/after drilling on Mars supports the paleo-environment reconstruction with such data that would otherwise be lost during the sample acquisition. Because of the lack of plate tectonism and the low geothermal gradient on Mars, even Ga old sediments provide observable features that are especially important for targeting Mars sample return and later crewed Mars missions.
Once more unto the Breach: the Actio Pauliana is a Matter Relating to a Contract in EU Private International Law
Authors: Poesen Michiel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The decision of the European Court of Justice (‘ECJ’) in Feniks sp z o o v Azteca Products & Services SL provides further insight into the demarcation of the head of jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract, which is contained in the Brussels I Regulation Recast, Article 7(1). In particular, the decision characterises an avoidance action, a so-called actio pauliana, as a contractual matter. As a consequence, disputes that are based on such an action can be brought in the court of the place of performance of the contractual obligation the avoidance action aims to protect. This contribution will explain that while the decision of the ECJ is seemingly in line with recent precedents, it cannot be reconciled with the principle of predictability of jurisdiction, because the decision is based on an overly broad interpretation of the concept of ‘matters relating to a contract’. The ramification of the decision is that a third party that is somehow involved in the contractual dealings of others is at risk of being sued in the place of performance of a contract with which it has a too tenuous connection.
Gram-scale economical synthesis of trans-coniferyl alcohol and its corresponding thiol
Authors: Amer Hassan , Mimini Vebi , Schild Dominik , Rinner Uwe , Bacher Markus , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConiferyl alcohol is considered to be a potent antioxidant and a precursor of several bioactive products. In addition, it is a frequently used as a model compound in lignin chemistry. Coniferyl thiol is used analogously to study the sulfur chemistry in technical lignins. Coniferyl alcohol was synthesized in a large scale from commercially available ferulic acid by a mixed anhydride reduction method which affords high yields (84%) under very mild conditions and allows using sodium borohydride. The nucleophilic substitution of 4-O-acetylated coniferyl alcohol (3) with thioacetic acid in the presence of dimethylformamide (DMF) dineopentylacetal afforded 4-O-acetylated coniferyl thioacetate (5) in a 70% yield, which, in a 72% yield, was deprotected to the respective thiol (6). Both coniferyl alcohol and coniferyl thiol were comprehensively analytically characterized [one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy]. The presented approach renders the two model substances readily available on a gram scale and according to low-risk, environmentally compatible protocols.
Sprachlernberatung: Hype oder Notwendigkeit?
Authors: Kleppin Karin 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag entstand auf der Basis des gleichnamigen Vortrags auf der 45. Jahrestagung des FaDaF in Mannheim. Nach einem kurzen Blick auf Etappen einer Etablierung von Sprachlernberatung im deutschsprachigen Kontext wird der hier vertretene konzeptuelle Ansatz vorgestellt und anhand von zwei Praxisbeispielen verdeutlicht. Anschließend werden die Kompetenzen thematisiert, die für das Tätigkeitsfeld Sprachlernberatung auszubilden sind und die sich darüber hinaus auch auf das Lehrerverhalten im Unterricht auswirken können.
Assessment of epigenetic changes and oxidative DNA damage in rat pups exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and the protective effect of curcumin in the prenatal period
Authors: Doğan Halef Okan , Alçiğir Mehmet Eray 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic chemicals that exert neurotoxic and endocrine disrupting effects. The aims of this study were to examine the effects of prenatal Aroclor 1254 (PCBs mixture) exposure on central nervous system tissues DNA and to evaluate the effects of curcumin.

Methods
Rat pups were assigned to three groups: [Group 1], Aroclor 1254 administrated group; [Group 2], Aroclor 1254 and curcumin administrated group; and [Group 3], control group. Plasma, cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata tissue homogenates 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-(OH)DG] levels and plasma freeT4 levels were determined. Global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation status were determined in cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata. To this aim, DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine levels were measured, respectively.

Results
Mean cerebellum and cerebral cortex 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine levels were higher in the control group than in the experimental groups. Mean plasma, cerebellum and cerebral cortex 8-(OH)DG concentrations were higher in Group 1 than the control group. No statistically significant difference was observed between Group 2 and the control group in terms of cerebellum and cerebral cortex 8-(OH)DG concentrations. Histopathological changes were also observed in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rat pups exposed to Aroclor 1254. PCBs exposure changes both DNA methylation and hypomethylation status and induces cerebellar and cerebral cortex DNA damage in the prenatal period. Exogenous curcumin may have protective effect on PCBs-induced DNA damage in cerebellum and cerebral cortex.
Zum 100. Geburtstag von Alfons Benedikter – Ein treuer Sohn Tirols
Authors: Raffeiner Andreas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAm 14. März 1918 – also vor 100 Jahren – kam Alfons Benedikter in Pettneu am Arlberg zur Welt. Er war ein großer Sohn Tirols und ein geradliniger Politiker, der sich niemals verbiegen ließ und stets die Selbstbestimmung Südtirols als Ziel anstrebte, die Autonomie hingegen keineswegs als der Weisheit letzten Schluss betrachtete.In seiner Jugend musste Alfons Benedikter die Gewaltherrschaft des Faschismus erleben. In Neapel studierte er Rechtswissenschaften und Russisch, das seines Erachtens nach Englisch die zweitwichtigste Weltsprache zu seiner Zeit war. Nach seinem Kriegsdienst bei der deutschen Wehrmacht kehrte er 1945 in seine Heimat zurück und übernahm alsbald die Leitung der Geschicke der Südtiroler Volkspartei im Vinschgau.
Information metamaterials – from effective media to real-time information processing systems
Authors: Li Lianlin , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Metamaterials have been characterized by effective medium parameters over the past decades due to the subwavelength nature of meta-atoms. Once the metamaterials are fabricated, their functions become fixed or tunable. Recently, the concept of digital metamaterials has been introduced, in which, for instance, the constitutive 1-bit meta-atom is digitalized as “0” or “1” corresponding to two opposite electromagnetic (EM) responses. The digital metamaterials set up a bridge between the physical world and the information world. More interestingly, when the digital meta-atom is programmable, a single metamaterial can be used to realize different functions when programmed with different coding sequences. Moreover, as the states of programmable meta-atoms can be quickly switched, it enables the wave-based information coding and processing on the physical level of metamaterials in real time. For these reasons, we prefer to call digital metamaterials with programmable meta-atoms as “information metamaterials.” In this review article, we introduce two basic principles for information metamaterials: Shannon entropy on metamaterials to measure the information capacity quantitatively and digital convolution on metamaterials to manipulate the beam steering. Afterwards, two proof-of-concept imaging systems based on information metamaterials, i.e. programmable hologram and programmable imager, are presented, showing more powerful abilities than the traditional counterparts. Furthermore, we discuss the time-modulated information metamaterial that enables efficient and accurate manipulations of spectral harmonic distributions and brings new physical phenomena such as frequency cloaking and velocity illusion. As a relevant application of time-modulated information metamaterials, we propose a novel architecture of wireless communication, which simplifies the modern wireless communication system. Finally, the future trends of information metamaterials are predicted.
The effect of the addition of a slip agent on the rheological properties of polyethylene: off-line and in-line measurements
Authors: Kloziński Arkadiusz , Jakubowska Paulina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe article describes an investigation into the effect of a slip agent on the rheological properties of low-density polyethylene. As a slip modifier, oleamide was used in the amounts of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 wt.%, respectively. The process of polymer modification was carried out in a twin-screw extrusion process. The effect of the slip agent on the mass flow rate index was determined. The specific plasticisation energy of the modified polymer was also assessed based on the change in the torque of a batch mixer. The assessment of the effect of the addition of oleamide on the change in the flow and viscosity curves was made using an off-line (plastometer) and an in-line (extruder rheometer) measuring technique. The rheological parameters were determined based on the Ostwald-de-Waele power law model. The operation of the plastometer was brought closer to the principles of operation of the capillary rheometer by applying variable piston loading. In in-line measurements, an extrusion head with replaceable cylindrical dies was used. Using two rheological measuring techniques made it possible to determine the low-density polyethylene viscosity variations and the values of flow power law index (n) and consistency factor (K) in a wide shear rate range.
DFT and Thermal Decomposition Studies on Gemcitabine
Authors: Rezkallah Ereen , Ibrahim Abeer , Dahy AbdelRahman , Hakiem Ahmed Abdel , Mahfouz Refaat 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGeometry optimization of gemcitabine was carried out by DFT with B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level in the gas phase. Chemical activity (electronegativity, electrophilicity, hardness, chemical softness and chemical potential) was predicted with the help of HOMO-LUMO energy values. Experimental FT-IR was recorded and computed values are also analyzed using the same level of DFT. A complete vibrational spectrum was made to analyze the potential energy distribution (PED). Stability of the molecule arising from the hyper-conjugative interaction was analyzed by the natural bond orbital (NBO). The molecular electrostatic potential map was used to detect the possible electrophilic and nucleophilic sites in the molecule. Nonisothermal decomposition of gemcitabine was carried out in an air atmosphere. The two decomposition steps of the molecule were analyzed kinetically by linear and nonlinear methods for elucidation of the kinetic triplet (Ea,ln Aandf(α)) of the decomposition processes. Powder X-ray diffraction indicated that gemcitabine crystallizes in the monoclinic system (SG P2/m). Molecular docking studies were also described.
Marcas de ideología religiosa en la lexicografía decimonónica
Authors: Martínez-Atienza María 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper we analyze the religious ideology present in four dictionaries of Spanish published in the 19th century, specifically in the second half (1846 is the year for the publication of the first and 1895 for the last). To do this, we will refer to the context in which these works were published, and we will also refer to the ideology of the authors. On one hand, we will study the macrostructure of the dictionaries, particularly the prologues of the works and, on the other hand, the microstructure; in this respect we will select a series of lexicographical entries that reflect the ideology present in the dictionaries and we will check whether there is correspondence between the declaration of intentions of the prologues and the content of such entries.