bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oysters and eelgrass: potential partners in a high pCO2 ocean
Authors: Groner Maya L. , Burge Colleen A. , Cox Ruth , Rivlin Natalie D. , Turner Mo , Van Alstyne Kathryn L. , Wyllie‐Echeverria Sandy , Bucci John , Staudigel Philip , Friedman Carolyn S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractClimate change is affecting the health and physiology of marine organisms and altering species interactions. Ocean acidification (OA) threatens calcifying organisms such as the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. In contrast, seagrasses, such as the eelgrass Zostera marina, can benefit from the increase in available carbon for photosynthesis found at a lower seawater pH. Seagrasses can remove dissolved inorganic carbon from OA environments, creating local daytime pH refugia. Pacific oysters may improve the health of eelgrass by filtering out pathogens such as Labyrinthula zosterae (LZ), which causes eelgrass wasting disease (EWD). We examined how co‐culture of eelgrass ramets and juvenile oysters affected the health and growth of eelgrass and the mass of oysters under different pCO2 exposures. In Phase I, each species was cultured alone or in co‐culture at 12°C across ambient, medium, and high pCO2 conditions, (656, 1,158 and 1,606 μatm pCO2, respectively). Under high pCO2, eelgrass grew faster and had less severe EWD (contracted in the field prior to the experiment). Co‐culture with oysters also reduced the severity of EWD. While the presence of eelgrass decreased daytime pCO2, this reduction was not substantial enough to ameliorate the negative impact of high pCO2 on oyster mass. In Phase II, eelgrass alone or oysters and eelgrass in co‐culture were held at 15°C under ambient and high pCO2 conditions, (488 and 2,013 μatm pCO2, respectively). Half of the replicates were challenged with cultured LZ. Concentrations of defensive compounds in eelgrass (total phenolics and tannins), were altered by LZ exposure and pCO2 treatments. Greater pathogen loads and increased EWD severity were detected in LZ exposed eelgrass ramets; EWD severity was reduced at high relative to low pCO2. Oyster presence did not influence pathogen load or EWD severity; high LZ concentrations in experimental treatments may have masked the effect of this treatment. Collectively, these results indicate that, when exposed to natural concentrations of LZ under high pCO2 conditions, eelgrass can benefit from co‐culture with oysters. Further experimentation is necessary to quantify how oysters may benefit from co‐culture with eelgrass, examine these interactions in the field and quantify context‐dependency.
Social identification and depression: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Postmes Tom , Wichmann Lenka J. , van Valkengoed Anne M. , van der Hoef Hanneke 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA meta‐analysis of 76 studies (N = 31,016) examined the relationship between social identification and depression. Overall, individuals who identify highly with a group tend to report less depression (average rz = −.15). However, a large amount of variability between studies was observed. The 95% prediction interval, which indicates the true effect size that can be expected in future research, ranged from rz = −.50 to .19. The relationship between depression and social identification is more complex than previously assumed. Some variability is related to the social identification measure used. Studies that focused on identification with interactive groups (rz = −.28) had larger effect sizes than studies that focused on social categories (rz = −.11). Moreover, studies of non‐stigmatized groups (rz = −.24) had larger effect sizes than studies of stigmatized groups (rz = −.10). In conclusion, the structure and social identity content of groups appear to play an important role in the relationship between depression and social identification.
Open‐tubular capillary electrochromatographic determination of ten sulfonamides in tap water and milk by a metal‐organic framework‐coated capillary column
Authors: Wang Xuan , Ye Nengsheng , Hu Xiaoyu , Liu Qingye , Li Jian , Peng Lin , Ma Xiaotong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, a metal‐organic framework (MOF), [Mn(cam)(bpy)], was synthesized and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. An open‐tubular capillary column was fabricated from [Mn(cam)(bpy)] via the amide coupling method. Ten types of sulfonamides were separated through the fabricated capillary column, which showed a good limits of detection (<0.07 μg/mL) and linear ranges (1–100 or 5–100 μg/mL) with a high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.9987). The intra‐day, inter‐day and column‐to‐column relative standard deviations (RSDs) in the migration times ranged from 0.44 to 4.87%, and the peak area RSDs ranged from 0.80 to 7.28%. The developed capillary electrochromatography method can be successfully utilized for the determination of sulfonamides in tap water and milk samples.
Silica‐based organic‐inorganic hybrid nanoparticles and nanoconjugates for improved anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Ilhan‐Ayisigi Esra , Yesil‐Celiktas Ozlem 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAfter the introduction of first generation MSNs for drug delivery with some challenges such as large particle sizes, irregular morphologies and aggregations, second generation provided uniform spherical morphologies, tunable pore/particle sizes and compositions. Henceforth, organic‐inorganic hybrid mesoporous silica nanosystems have grown rapidly and utilized for active and passive targeting of tumorigenic cells especially conjugated with organic polymers followed by third generation counterparts with improved functionalities for cancer therapy. The aim of this review article is to focus on the advancements in mesoporous silica based organic‐inorganic hybrid nanoparticles developed as drug carriers targeting cancer cells. Brief introduction to the state‐of‐the‐art in passive and active targeting methods is presented. Specifically, therapeutic, diagnostic and theranostic applications are discussed with emphases on triggered and ligand conjugated organic‐inorganic hybrid mesoporous silica nanomaterials. Although mesoporous silica nanoparticles perform well in preclinical tests, clinical translation progresses slowly as appropriate doses needs to be evaluated for human use along with biocompatibility and efficiency depending on surface modifications.
Shake‐table test performance of an inertial force‐limiting floor anchorage system
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Fleischman Robert B. , Restrepo Jose I. , Guerrini Gabriele , Nema Arpit , Zhang Dichuan , Shakya Ulina , Tsampras Georgios , Sause Richard 
Published: May 2018

SummaryA new floor connecting system developed for low‐damage seismic‐resistant building structures is described herein. The system, termed Inertial Force‐Limiting Floor Anchorage System (IFAS), is intended to limit the lateral forces in buildings during an earthquake. This objective is accomplished by providing limited‐strength deformable connections between the floor system and the primary elements of the lateral force‐resisting system. The connections transform the seismic demands from inertial forces into relative displacements between the floors and lateral force‐resisting system. This paper presents the IFAS performance in a shake‐table testing program that provides a direct comparison with an equivalent conventional rigidly anchored‐floor structure. The test structure is a half‐scale, 4‐story reinforced concrete flat‐plate shear wall structure. Precast hybrid rocking walls and special precast columns were used for test repeatability in a 22‐input strong ground‐motion sequence. The structure was purposely designed with an eccentric wall layout to examine the performance of the system in coupled translational‐torsional response. The test results indicated a seismic demand reduction in the lateral force‐resisting system of the IFAS structure relative to the conventional structure, including reduced shear wall base rotation, shear wall and column inter‐story drift, and, in some cases, floor accelerations. These results indicate the potential for the IFAS to minimize damage to the primary structural and non‐structural components during earthquakes.
Demographic, psychiatric, and personality correlates of adults seeking treatment for disordered gambling with a comorbid binge/purge type eating disorder
Authors: Kim Hyoun S. , von Ranson Kristin M. , Hodgins David C. , McGrath Daniel S. , Tavares Hermano 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPreliminary evidence suggests that binge/purge type eating disorders and gambling disorder may commonly co‐occur. However, this dual‐diagnosis population remains understudied. The present research examined the prevalence rates and correlates of binge/purge type eating disorders (i.e., bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder, and anorexia nervosa binge/purge type) among adults seeking treatment for their gambling (N = 349). In total, 11.5% of the sample (n = 40) met criteria for a binge/purge type eating disorder, most commonly bulimia nervosa (n = 33). There was a higher preponderance of binge/purge type eating disorders in women. People with a comorbid binge/purge type eating disorder reported more days gambling, gambling‐related cognitive distortions, impulsivity, suicidality, and other current psychiatric comorbidities including addictive behaviours. These findings suggest that binge/purge type eating disorders in people seeking treatment for gambling may be more common than previously believed. Furthermore, the increased psychopathology among people with binge/purge type eating disorder and gambling disorder identify vulnerabilities of this dual‐diagnosed population that may require clinical attention.
Variations in near‐surface debris temperature through the summer monsoon on Khumbu Glacier, Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Gibson Morgan J. , Irvine‐Fynn Tristram D.L. , Wagnon Patrick , Rowan Ann V. , Quincey Duncan J. , Homer Rachel , Glasser Neil F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDebris surface temperature is a function of debris characteristics and energy fluxes at the debris surface. However, spatial and temporal variability in debris surface temperature, and the debris properties that control it, are poorly constrained. Here, near‐surface debris temperature (Ts) is reported for 16 sites across the lower elevations of Khumbu Glacier, Nepal Himalaya, for the 2014 monsoon season. The debris layer at all sites was ≥1 m thick. We confirm the occurrence of temporal and spatial variability in Ts over a 67‐day period and investigate its controls. Ts was found to exhibit marked temporal fluctuations on diurnal, short‐term (1–8 days) and seasonal timescales. Over the study period, two distinct diurnal patterns in Ts were identified that varied in timing, daily amplitude and maximum temperature; days in the latter half of the study period (after Day of Year 176) exhibited a lower diurnal amplitude (mean = 23°C) and reduced maximum temperatures. Days with lower amplitude and minimum Ts were concurrent with periods of increased seasonal variability in on‐glacier air temperature and incoming shortwave radiation, with the increased frequency of these periods attributed to increasing cloud cover as the monsoon progressed. Spatial variability in Ts was manifested in variability of diurnal amplitude and maximum Ts of 7°C to 47°C between sites. Local slope, debris clast size and lithology were identified as the most important drivers of spatial variability in Ts, with inclusion of these three variables in the stepwise general linear models resulting in R2 ≥0.89 for six out of the seven sites. The complexity of surface energy fluxes and their influence on Ts highlight that assuming a simplified relationship between air temperature and debris surface temperature in glacier melt models, and a direct relationship between debris surface temperature and debris thickness for calculating supraglacial debris thickness, should be undertaken with caution. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A clarification and extension of our model of regolith formation on hillslopes
Authors: Lebedeva M.I. , Brantley S.L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper we clarify that our weathering model from 2013 did not explicitly describe weathering of soil moving downhill along hillslopes. In addition, we re‐analyze the role of the term that we neglected that describes loss of regolith mass through mineral dissolution. We derive an equation for this term by including lateral flow of water inside the model hill. For the revised hill model, we define a dimensionless parameter that allows estimation of the effect of lateral flow on the steady‐state hillslope. This parameter is equal to the ratio of averaged advective flux of dissolved species out of the hill to the rate of total denudation. The parameter also yields a criterion for the existence of a steady‐state regolith thickness for systems experiencing unidirectional advection at a constant velocity: for a ridge, the rate of downward flow of water (qy) must be less than the rate of upward movement of rock (E) after normalization by a small parameter, α. This parameter is equal to the equilibrium aqueous concentration divided by the concentration of the reacting mineral in the rock. Alternatively, a steady‐state may exist for the case of both vertical and lateral flow in a hill for any value of erosion rate if the Darcy velocities decrease with depth. Subsurface flow systems play an essential role in the existence of both steady‐state hillslopes and steady‐state regolith thicknesses. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Storage and weathering of landslide debris in the eastern San Gabriel Mountains, California, USA: Implications for mountain solute flux
Authors: Del Vecchio Joanmarie , Lang Karl A. , Robins Colin R. , McGuire Chris P. , Rhodes Edward J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe weathering of silicate minerals in mountain landscapes provides a critical source of chemical solutes in the global biogeochemical cycles that sustain life on Earth. Observations from across Earth's surface indicate that the greatest flux of chemical solute is derived from rapidly eroding landscapes, where landsliding often limits the development of a continuous soil cover. In this study, we evaluate how weathering of landslide debris deposits may supplement the chemical solute flux from rapidly eroding, bedrock‐dominated landscapes. We present new measurements of depositional surface and soil morphology, soil geochemistry, and luminescence‐based depositional ages from debris stored in Cow Canyon, a tributary to the East Fork of the San Gabriel River in the eastern San Gabriel Mountains of California. Cow Canyon deposits include locally derived debris emplaced by dry colluvial and debris flow processes. Deposits have planar, low‐angle, sloping surfaces with soils exhibiting a greater degree of weathering than nearby soils formed on bedrock. A ~33–40 ka depositional age of Cow Canyon deposits exceeds the estimated recurrence time for the largest landslides in the San Gabriel Mountains, suggesting the stored landslide debris may be a persistent source of chemical solute in this landscape. To quantitatively explore the significance of landslide debris on the landscape solute flux, we predict the flux of chemical solute from bedrock and debris soils using a generic, time‐dependent model of soil mineral weathering. Our modeling illustrates that debris soils may be a primary source of chemical solute for a narrow range of conditions delimited by the initial landslide debris porosity and the comparative soil age. Broadly, we conclude that while landslide debris may be an important local reservoir of chemical solute, it is unlikely to dominate the long‐term solute flux from rapidly eroding, bedrock‐dominated landscapes. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic load determines atrophy in hand cortico‐striatal pathways in presymptomatic Huntington's disease
Authors: Hong Yi , O'Donnell Lauren J. , Savadjiev Peter , Zhang Fan , Wassermann Demian , Pasternak Ofer , Johnson Hans , Paulsen Jane , Vonsattel Jean‐Paul , Makris Nikos , Westin Carl F. , Rathi Yogesh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive breakdown of striatal neurons. Standard white matter integrity measures like fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity derived from diffusion tensor imaging were analyzed in prodromal‐HD subjects; however, they studied either a whole brain or specific subcortical white matter structures with connections to cortical motor areas. In this work, we propose a novel analysis of a longitudinal cohort of 243 prodromal‐HD individuals and 88 healthy controls who underwent two or more diffusion MRI scans as part of the PREDICT‐HD study. We separately trace specific white matter fiber tracts connecting the striatum (caudate and putamen) with four cortical regions corresponding to the hand, face, trunk, and leg motor areas. A multi‐tensor tractography algorithm with an isotropic volume fraction compartment allows estimating diffusion of fast‐moving extra‐cellular water in regions containing crossing fibers and provides quantification of a microstructural property related to tissue atrophy. The tissue atrophy rate is separately analyzed in eight cortico‐striatal pathways as a function of CAG‐repeats (genetic load) by statistically regressing out age effect from our cohort. The results demonstrate a statistically significant increase in isotropic volume fraction (atrophy) bilaterally in hand fiber connections to the putamen with increasing CAG‐repeats, which connects the genetic abnormality (CAG‐repeats) to an imaging‐based microstructural marker of tissue integrity in specific white matter pathways in HD. Isotropic volume fraction measures in eight cortico‐striatal pathways are also correlated significantly with total motor scores and diagnostic confidence levels, providing evidence of their relevance to HD clinical presentation.
TLR5 rs5744174 gene polymorphism is associated with the virus etiology of infant bronchiolitis but not with post‐bronchiolitis asthma
Authors: Törmänen Sari , Teräsjärvi Johanna , Lauhkonen Eero , Helminen Merja , Koponen Petri , Korppi Matti , Nuolivirta Kirsi , He Qiushui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground and aimBronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants and is associated with a risk of subsequent asthma. The innate immunity genes, such as those encoding toll‐like receptors (TLRs), are likely to play a role in bronchiolitis and post‐bronchiolitis outcome. Thus far, only one study has considered TLR5 genes in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of TLR5 gene polymorphism with virus etiology and severity of bronchiolitis, and with post‐bronchiolitis asthma.MethodsWe recruited 164 infants (age < 6 months) hospitalized for bronchiolitis in this study and determined TLR5 rs5744174 (C > T) single nucleotide polymorphism, virus etiology and severity markers of bronchiolitis, and presence of post‐bronchiolitis asthma until age 11 to 13 years.ResultsRSV was detected in 113 (68.9%), rhinovirus in 19 (11.6%), and some other virus in 20 (12.2%) cases. Non‐RSV etiology was more common among infants with the variant CT or TT genotype in the TLR5 rs5744174 gene than in those with the CC genotype (89.7% vs 71.7%, P = 0.03). TLR5 rs5744174 polymorphism was not associated with the need of supplementary oxygen or feeding support, with the length of hospital stay, or with post‐bronchiolitis asthma at any age.ConclusionThe TLR5 rs5744174 variant genotype may increase the susceptibility to bronchiolitis not caused by RSV.
Accuracy of 12‐hour urine collection in the diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Silva Rita M. , Pereira Sara R. , Rego Susana , Clode Nuno 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of a 12‐hour urine collection to diagnose pre‐eclampsia and to determine whether time of collection influences the performance of this test.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary obstetric center in Portugal between November 1, 2015, and November 30, 2016. Pregnant women (≥20 weeks) admitted for observation with suspected pre‐eclampsia were eligible for inclusion. Two consecutive 12‐hour urine samples were collected (07:00–19:00 hours vs 19:00–07:00 hours). Protein levels were measured in each 12‐hour sample, as well as in a pooled sample (07:00–07:00 hours). The diagnostic cut‐off values for pre‐eclampsia were 150 mg (12‐hour samples) and 300 mg (24‐hour sample).ResultsThe study included 99 patients and diagnoses of pre‐eclampsia were confirmed among 42 (42%) patients. In all, 456 12‐hour urine samples were analyzed (equivalent to 228 24‐hour samples). Qualitative analysis (pre‐eclampsia vs no pre‐eclampsia) indicated substantial agreement between the 12‐ and 24‐hour samples (Cohen κ 0.779). The sensitivity was 85.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 81%–90%) and the specificity was 91.7% (95% CI 88%–95%). No statistically significant difference was found between the two 12‐hour collections.ConclusionThe 12‐hour test showed acceptable accuracy for detecting pre‐eclampsia, regardless of the time of collection.
The first case of congenital blood chimerism in two of the triplets in Korea
Authors: Chung Yoo Na , Chun Sejong , Phan Minh‐Trang Thi , Nam Myung‐Hyun , Choi Byung Min , Cho Duck , Choi Ji Seon 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundChimeras are composed of two or more different populations that originated from different zygotes. Blood chimerism arising from twins have been reported in the literature. Herein, we report the first blood group chimerism in triplets.MethodsABO blood grouping was carried out by manual tile methods (Merck Millipore, UK) and micro‐column agglutination method (Bio‐Rad, Cressier sur Morat, Switzerland). Flow cytometric analysis was performed with Anti‐A‐PE conjugated monoclonal antibodies (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) and FACS Canto II (BD Biosciences). Molecular analysis was performed with allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (AS‐PCR) and direct sequencing of the exons 6 and 7.ResultsMixed‐field agglutination and weak agglutination against anti‐A were revealed by ABO blood grouping. Flow cytometric analysis revealed the presence of both A cells and O cells. AS‐PCR and sequencing showed two neonates with chimerism, with each neonate`s genotype being A102/O01/O02.ConclusionThis is the first recorded case of blood chimera from a triplet in Korea. We recommend full investigation of blood group chimerism in neonates with ABO discrepancy, as blood chimerism is subject to certain caution in the clinical environment.