bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsite conditions in retrogressive thaw slumps may facilitate increased seedling recruitment in the Alaskan Low Arctic
Authors: Huebner Diane Christine , Bret‐Harte Marion Syndonia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn Low Arctic tundra, thermal erosion of ice‐rich permafrost soils (thermokarst) has increased in frequency since the 1980s. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) are thermokarst disturbances forming large open depressions on hillslopes through soil wasting and vegetation displacement. Tall (>0.5 m) deciduous shrubs have been observed in RTS a decade after disturbance. RTS may provide conditions suitable for seedling recruitment, which may contribute to Arctic shrub expansion. We quantified in situ seedling abundance, and size and viability of soil seedbanks in greenhouse trials for two RTS chronosequences near lakes on Alaska's North Slope. We hypothesized recent RTS provide microsites for greater recruitment than mature RTS or undisturbed tundra. We also hypothesized soil seedbanks demonstrate quantity–quality trade‐offs; younger seedbanks contain smaller numbers of mostly viable seed that decrease in viability as seed accumulates over time. We found five times as many seedlings in younger RTS as in older RTS, including birch and willow, and no seedlings in undisturbed tundra. Higher seedling counts were associated with bare soil, warmer soils, higher soil available nitrogen, and less plant cover. Seedbank viability was unrelated to size. Older seedbanks were larger at one chronosequence, with no difference in percent germination. At the other chronosequence, germination was lower from older seedbanks but seedbank size was not different. Seedbank germination was positively associated with in situ seedling abundance at one RTS chronosequence, suggesting postdisturbance revegetation from seedbanks. Thermal erosion may be important for recruitment in tundra by providing bare microsites that are warmer, more nutrient‐rich, and less vegetated than in undisturbed ground. Differences between two chronosequences in seedbank size, viability, and species composition suggest disturbance interacts with local conditions to form seedbanks. RTS may act as seedling nurseries to benefit many Arctic species as climate changes, particularly those that do not produce persistent seed.
Influence of phylogeny and abiotic factors varies across early and late reproductive phenology of HimalayanRhododendrons
Authors: Basnett Shweta , Nagaraju Shivaprakash K. , Ravikanth Gudasalamani , Devy Soubadra M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of evolutionary history on species‐specific phenological events of high‐altitude plants and their sensitivity to the abiotic factors has gained importance mainly in the context of climate change. However, the majority of phenology studies across altitudinal gradient are carried out on flowering, whereas other reproductive phenology events are seldom considered. We tested the role of abiotic factors and evolutionary history on the reproductive phenology traits of high‐altitudeRhododendroncommunity which comprised of 10 locally aggregated species in Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary, Sikkim Himalaya. The study was carried out from 2013 to 2015 across an altitude gradient of 3400–4230 m a.s.l. We generated dated phylogenetic hypotheses to test for phylogenetic signal in reproductive phenology events, and its durations across 10Rhododendronspecies and also among groups of species distributed at every 100 m altitude. Comparative phylogenetic methods were used to explore the relationship between phenology traits and abiotic variables such as daylength and temperature. The early phenology events such as budding, flowering, and initial fruiting, which occurred during the favorable month of the year, exhibited strong phylogenetic signal and were mainly associated with daylength and temperature. In contrast, the later events such as immature fruiting, mature fruiting, and fruit dehiscence, which occurred during the later months of the year, showed a weak phylogenetic signal and were mostly associated with daylength. With the increase in altitude, we found a decreasing trend of phylogenetic signal for the early phenology events and later events did not show a significant trend. Our results suggest that only early events are constrained by evolutionary history; thus, the closely related species share the similar timing of the early phenology events. Also, the role of shared evolutionary history in phenological trait sensitivity to the abiotic factors reduces from early to the late phenology events. This approach can be extended to other representative plant families of the Himalayan region to better understand the response of reproductive traits to abiotic factors in deep evolutionary time.
Regulation of the functional structure of aquatic communities across spatial scales in a major river network
Authors: Harvey Eric , Altermatt Florian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMoving beyond species count data is an essential step to better understand the effects of environmental perturbations on biodiversity and ecosystem functions, and to eventually better predict the strength and direction of those effects. Here, coupling an integrative path analysis approach with data from an extensive countrywide monitoring program, we tested the main spatial, environmental and anthropogenic drivers of change in the functional structure of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities along the entire Swiss Rhine river catchment. Functional structure was largely driven by inherent altitudinal variation influencing and cascading to regional scaled factors such as land use change and position in the riverine network, which, in turn, transformed local habitat structure variables. Those cascading effects across scales propagated through the biotic community, first affecting prey and, in turn, predators. Our results illustrate how seemingly less important local factors can act as essential transmission belts, propagating through direct and indirect pathways across scales to generate the specific context in which each functional group will strive or not, leading to characteristic landscape wide variations in functional community structure.
Landscape context explains ecosystem multifunctionality in restored grasslands better than plant diversity
Authors: Zirbel Chad R. , Grman Emily , Bassett Tyler , Brudvig Lars A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is strong evidence for a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning at local spatial scales. However, how different aspects of biodiversity relate to multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality) across heterogeneous landscapes, and how the magnitude of biodiversity, dominant species, and environmental effects on functioning compare, remain poorly understood. We compared relationships between plant phylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality across 29 restored grasslands. Functional diversity was positively associated with multifunctionality, more strongly than other diversity measures; however, landscape composition explained nearly four times more variation in multifunctionality than did functional diversity, with plots within human‐modified landscapes supporting lower multifunctionality. Individual functions were typically more strongly correlated with environmental variables than with diversity. We also found that abundance of the dominant species, Andropogon gerardii, was positively correlated with multifunctionality. Plant diversity, dominant species, and underlying environmental conditions underpin ecosystem multifunctionality in grasslands, but how biodiversity is measured matters for the strength and direction of biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships. Finally, in natural systems environmental variation unrelated to local biodiversity is important for determining ecosystem functioning.
Styk1 expression is a hallmark of murine NK cells and other NK1.1+ subsets but is dispensable for NK‐cell development and effector functions
Authors: Fauteux‐Daniel Sébastien , Faure Fabrice , Marotel Marie , Geary Clair , Daussy Cécile , Sun Joseph C , Walzer Thierry 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo gain insight into the biology of NK cells, others and we previously identified the NK‐cell signature, defined as the set of transcripts which expression is highly enriched in these cells compared to other immune subtypes. The transcript encoding the Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1 (Styk1) is part of this signature. However, the role of Styk1 in the immune system is unknown. Here, we report the generation of a novel transgenic mouse model, in which Styk1 expression is invalidated and replaced by an EGFP reporter cassette. We demonstrated that Styk1 expression is a hallmark of NK cells and other NK1.1 expressing cells such as liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) and NK1.1+ γδ T cells. Styk1 expression is maintained by IL‐15 in NK cells and negatively correlates with the expression of educating NK‐cell receptors. Analysis of phosphorylation levels of mTOR substrates suggested that Styk1 could moderately contribute to the activity of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. However, Styk1‐deficient NK cells develop normally and have normal in vitro and in vivo effector functions. Thus Styk1 expression is a hallmark of NK cells, ILC1 and NK1.1+ T cells but is dispensable for their development and immune functions.
One‐Dimensional Looped Chain and Two‐Dimensional Square Grid Coordination Polymers: Encapsulation of Bis(1,2,4‐Triazole)‐trans‐cyclohexane into the Voids
Authors: Adarsh Nayarassery N. , Dîrtu Marinela M. , Guionneau Philippe , Devlin Eamonn , Sanakis Yiannis , Howard Judith A. K. , Chattopadhyay Basab , Garcia Yann 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Yann Garcia from Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium, and collaborators from partner universities and research centers. The cover image shows the square grid shape of an unprecedented CuII coordination polymer with an “ancient temple architecture”.
The Properties and Application of Argan Oil in Cosmetology
Authors: Goik Urszula , Goik Tomasz , Załęska Izabela 
Published: January 2019

For the last few years there has been observed an interest and growing awareness of consumers regarding healthy diet, way of life, and body care. This leads to the design and creation of new products and cosmetic formulations with appropriate sensory characteristics and rheological properties, attractive in terms of nutritional values, and body care. Argan oil contains a high level of both oleic acid and linoleic acid, making it an excellent source of basic polyunsaturated fatty acids. Also, it is particularly rich in polyphenols and tocopherols that exhibit significant antioxidant activity. This paper presents a literature review of the properties of argan oil and their application. Argan oil is used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries and supports the treatment of many diseases.Practical Applications: This work presents a wide review and discussion of the literature on the issues related to the use of argan oil in cosmetology and cosmetics industry based on its properties. This review work can be helpful for the cosmetics and food industry in creating new cosmetic recipes and food products (e.g., special‐purpose products) using argan oil as a base raw material.Argan oil contains a high level of both oleic acid and linoleic acid, making it an excellent source of basic polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is also particularly rich in polyphenols and tocopherols that exhibit significant antioxidant activity. This leads to the design and creation of new products and cosmetic formulations with appropriate sensory characteristics and rheological properties, attractive in terms of nutritional values, and body care. This paper presents a literature review of the properties of argan oil and their application.
A Novel Hydrogen Peroxide Amperometric Sensor Based on Hierarchical 3D Porous MnO2−TiO2 Composites
Authors: Ko Wen‐Yin , Chen Yi‐Shin , Li Meng‐Shan , Lai Jun‐Yan , Lin Kuan‐Jiuh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA novel nanocomposite electrode based on hierarchical 3D porous MnO2−TiO2 for the application in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensors has been explored. This electrode was fabricated by growing TiO2 cross‐linked nanowires on a commercial fluorine tin oxide (FTO) glass via a hydrothermal process and subsequent deposition of 3D honeycomb‐like MnO2 nanowalls using an electrodeposition method (denoted as 3D MNS‐TNW@FTO). The obtained 3D MNS‐TNW@FTO electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Based on such a unique 3D porous framework and the existence of MnO2, the electrode demonstrates a good performance in the detection of H2O2, with two linear ranges from 9.8 to 125 μM and 125 μM–1.0 mM, a good selectivity of 8.02 μA mM−1 cm−2, and a low detection limit of 4.5 μM. In addition, the simplicity of the developed low‐cost fabrication process provides an efficient method for the mass production of electrocatalytical MnO2−TiO2 nanocomposites on commercial FTO glass for H2O2 sensing applications and can be adapted for other electrochemical sensors for various biochemical targets. It thus is beneficial for the practical usage in bioanalysis.
Off‐Odor Removal from Fish Oil by Adsorbent Treatment with Selected Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Güner Melike , Yılmaz Emin , Yüceer Yonca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe limiting factor for consumption of liquid fish oil is its fishy off‐odor. The objectives of this study were to remove the off‐odors from liquid fish oil by adsorbent treatment with selected metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), compare their activity with some natural clays, and also observe other changes developed in the oil after the treatments. Seven synthesized MOFs and three natural clays were added at 0.5% (w/w) into fish oil and mixed for 1.5 h at room temperature prior to filtration. The collected oil samples were analyzed for physico‐chemical properties, fatty acid, mineral and volatiles compositions, and sensory descriptions. Results indicated that for all the adsorbents tested, oil physico‐chemical properties improved, while no remarkable change was observed in fatty acid and mineral composition. Volatile composition analysis revealed that 68.8%, 46.2% and 44.5% reductions over total volatile concentrations were achieved using γ‐CD‐MOF, sepiolite and Ti‐MOF adsorbents, respectively. The panel described the oil with fishy, algae‐iodine, green and rancid terms. Some significant decreases in the measured sensory attributes were observed after the adsorbent treatments. Overall, although some significant reductions in volatiles were achieved, some off‐odor characteristics still remained at perceivable level. Hence, further studies focusing on designing specific MOFs are suggested.
Food functionality of protein isolates extracted from Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) roe using alkaline solubilization and acid precipitation process
Authors: Yoon In Seong , Lee Hyun Ji , Kang Sang In , Park Sun Young , Kang Young Mi , Kim Jin‐Soo , Heu Min Soo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFour types of roe protein isolates (RPIs) were prepared through the alkaline solubilization and acid precipitation (ASAP) process, and their functional properties and in vitro bioactivities were evaluated. Higher buffer capacity in pH‐shift range of 8–12 was found in RPI‐1 (pH 11/4.5), required average 94.5 mM NaOH than that of other RPIs to change the pH by 1 unit. All the samples of 1% dispersion (w/v) showed the lowest buffering capacity near the initial pH. The water‐holding capacities (WHC) of RPIs and casein as controls without pH‐shift were in range of 3.7–4.0 g/g protein, and there were no significant differences (p > 0.05). At pH 2 and 8–12 with pH‐shift, WHC and protein solubility of RPIs were significantly improved compared to those of controls. Foaming capacities of RPI‐1 and RPI‐3 were 141.9% and 128.1%, respectively, but those of RPI‐2 and RPI‐4 were not detected. The oil‐in‐water emulsifying activity index of RPI‐1 and RPI‐3 was 10.0 and 8.3 m2/g protein, which was not statistically different from casein (7.0 m2/g), but lower than that of hemoglobin (19.1 m2/g). Overall, RPIs, casein, and hemoglobin exhibited lower food functionality at pH 4–6 near isoelectric points. Through the pH‐shift treatment, the food functionalities of RPIs were improved over the controls, especially in the pH 2 and pH 8–12 ranges. RPI also showed in vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Therefore, it has been confirmed that RPI extracted from yellowfin tuna roe has high utility as a protein‐ or food‐functional‐enhancing material or protein substitute resource for noodles, confectionery, baking, and surimi‐based products.
Probing the storage stability and sensorial characteristics of wheat and barley grasses juice
Authors: Qamar Aiza , Saeed Farhan , Nadeem Muhammad Tahir , Hussain Abdullah Ijaz , Khan Muhammad Asif , Niaz Bushra 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present research study was designed for the development of functional drinks from wheat and barley grasses followed by their physicochemical and sensorial characterization. In 1st phase, wheatgrass and barley grass juices were prepared with different concentrations and were subjected for physicochemical analysis and sensorial evaluation. Moreover, these juices were analyzed for color indices, pH, acidity, and total soluble solids (TSS) during storage study at 0, 2, 4, and 6 days. Results showed that TSS and pH of juices were 1.321, 2.8900, 3.100, and 6.225, 6.032, 6.491 for T0, T1, and T2, respectively, whereas a slight decreasing trend in acidity was observed during storage. Furthermore, treatments and storage (days) showed nonsignificant effect on these traits; however, storage affected significantly except for a* value for color indices. Conclusively, with respect to sensory aspects, the cereal grass juices showed satisfactory indexes of acceptability and promising marketing potential.
Amebicidal effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum) against Acanthamoeba cysts
Authors: Kaya Yasemin , Baldemir Ayşe , Karaman Ülkü , Ildız Nilay , Arıcı Yeliz Kasko , Kaçmaz Gamze , Kolören Zeynep , Konca Yusuf 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTrigonella foenum‐graecum L. (TF) is known to the public as a chest emollient, mucous expectorant, laxative and is used to prevent maturation of boils and diabetes since ancient times. In this study, we aimed to determine the amebicidal effects against Acanthamoeba cysts. Plant extracts were prepared at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 mg/ml and were placed in a hemocytometer with cell counts 22 × 106 cell/ml. The fatty acid profiles of TF seeds were determined. Standard Acanthamoeba cysts were added and incubated at 25°C. The viability of the parasite was checked and recorded at hours 3, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 102. The values of lethal concentration doses (LD50 and LD90) were calculated using probit analysis. This study revealed that T. foenum‐graecum prevented proliferation of the parasite at certain times. However, further for in vivo and controlled experimental studies are needed in order to find out how to use this plant as medication.
Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus powder addition in vegetable soup on ß‐glucan content, sensory perception, and acceptability
Authors: Proserpio Cristina , Lavelli Vera , Laureati Monica , Pagliarini Ella 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPleurotus ostreatus is an edible mushroom with interesting nutritional properties, which is able to grow on agri‐food waste and could in turn be used as an ingredient for food fortification. However, new food products have to face with the growing consumer consciousness about what they eat and hedonic responses, which represent a key factor in determining food preference and choices. The aim of this study was to design a vegetable‐based product (a pumpkin and carrot soup) added with increasing concentration of P. ostreatus powder rich in β‐glucans, which are fibers with demonstrated bioactivity in humans, and to obtain a sensory description of these fortified products to find the desirable and undesirable sensory properties that affect their acceptance. A total of 109 subjects (women N = 52; men N = 57; age = 36.1 ± 14.4 years) evaluated five samples of pumpkin and carrot soup added with increasing concentrations of mushroom powder (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and a hidden control at 0%) for liking and sensory properties by means of the check‐all‐that‐apply method. Results showed that creaminess, orange color, mild odor, and taste were positively related to vegetable soups liking, whereas strong taste, dark color, and mushroom odor described the less liked samples. Sample added with 2% of mushroom powder obtained comparable liking scores to the unmodified sample, while liking decreased with increasing concentration of P. ostreatus powder. The present results demonstrated that it is possible to fortify a vegetable soup with P. ostreatus powder developing well‐accepted foods by consumers. This product could be used to implement an everyday dietary intervention of β‐glucans over a long‐term period.
Effect of the storage atmosphere on metabolomics of harvested tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Yokota Yuma , Akihiro Takashi , Boerzhijin Surina , Yamada Takeshi , Makino Yoshio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHarvested tomatoes were stored under atmospheres that were normoxic, anoxic, or modified (altered O2 and CO2 concentrations). Each atmosphere was created by storing the tomatoes at 25°C for up to 8 days in different kinds of pouches. During storage, metabolites of the tomatoes were measured using metabolomics. We obtained score plots of the metabolites on eighth day of storage by principal component analysis. There was a tendency for groups to be divided on the basis of score plot according to the composition of each gas. PC1 and PC2 seemed to correspond to the influence of O2 and CO2 concentrations, respectively, and the total contribution rate of the two axes was 72%, so that we concluded that the metabolites were affected mainly by O2 and CO2 concentrations. The results indicate that metabolomics may be an effective tool to reveal the relationship between metabolic state of harvested fruits and the atmosphere.
Phenolic compounds and bioactivity evaluation of aqueous and methanol extracts ofAllium mongolicumRegel
Authors: Wang Wanyu , Li Jiao , Zhang Huizhen , Wang Xiaokai , Fan Jianming , Zhang Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAllium mongolicumRegel (AM), widely distributed in western China, is a traditional Mongolian medicine herb. Two different solvents as water and methanol were used to extract AM, and their antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effects against key enzymes related to metabolic syndrome were assessed. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated through the assay of radical scavenging ability on DPPH and ABTS and reducing power assays. In addition, the total phenolic content and total flavonoids content were quantificated and analyzed. Aqueous extract, having higher phenolic content (10.20 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid content (4.02 mg QE/g DW), showed better antioxidant and inhibitory effects against lipase and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE); as for α‐glucosidase, the extract made by methanol showed better ability. In general, the aqueous extract ofA. mongolicumRegel has the potential to be used as a functional food or nutraceutical in prevention and treatment of obesity and hypertension due to the high antioxidant and sound inhibitory potential against vital enzymes relevant to obesity and hypertension.