bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
12.1: Invited Paper: The Creation of Non‐paraxial Optics and Its Application in 3D, VR & AR
Authors: Ding Shou-Qian 
Published: November 2018

This paper introduces a different imaging method from Gaussian optics called non‐paraxial optics, which is a study of non‐paraxial ray imaging. When the viewer’s eye (left eye or right eye) is not aligned with the symmetry axis, the distance from the eye to the axis is called eccentricity. It is found that the magnified virtual image traverses perpendicularly to the axis of symmetry without losing the integrity of the image. This imaging law is similar to Gaussian optics, except that the focus needs to be redefined. Gaussian optics can be considered non‐paraxial optics when eccentricity equals to zero.After years of research and experience, the author has successfully prototyped decentered pairs of lenses using non‐paraxial optical theory. These lenses magnify the left and right eye images in the virtual image space and shift them toward the axis of symmetry. The non‐destructive virtual images coincide completely so that they form a perfect 3D image. This stereo image maintains its brightness, precision, grayscale, contrast, and color saturation. It also has no crosstalk or flicker. It has the best image quality among the most popular products on the market today.3D is the foundation of VR and AR. Only when 3D receives the ideal development would VR and AR progress. The stereoscopic view based on this theory can become a common 3D platform and can be applied in various fields. Not only does it meet the most demanding image quality requirements in the medical field, but it also fulfills people's pursuit of higher aesthetic art studies.
21.1: Invited Paper: Development Trend of LCD Technology
Authors: Feng Xiang , Sun Xiao , Zhang Qiang , Yang Zhaokun , Liu Sha , Qiu Yun , Wang Dan 
Published: November 2018

Recent strong requirement of higher image quality for LCDs are more important than ever along with improvement of transmission technologies such as 8K TV, 5G, and so on. This paper introduces BOE's development trend of LCDs including technical element, and design trend.The impressive influences of LCD in people's modern digital live force panel makers such as BOE to ponder on the development of LCD technology. How should the LCD become more vivid and more accepted by the user?When the 8K display and the age of 5G are coming, how should LCD undertake its historical responsibility in the ecosystem of the Internet of things? The development trend of LCD through technical elements and design elements are summarized below. LCD will become more and more magnificent.
40.1: Invited Paper: Recent Development on Flexible Touch Sensor for Flexible AMOLED Display
Authors: Chen Jianping , Qiao Guizhou , Li Weiguo , Zhu Shengzu 
Published: November 2018

Recently, flexible AMOLED display has attracted a quite attention, owing to OLED's inherent flexibility that LCD display can't match. To better realize flexible AMOLED display applications, for examples, in flexible smartphone and flexible tablet, there is a need to develop the corresponding flexible touch sensor technology.In this presentation, we will review key technical requirements for flexible touch sensor, including the choice of transparent conductive films, patterning process, folding ability, etc., and will present our latest development on flexible and foldable touch sensors, that possess the following characteristics, the out‐folding ability of 100,000 times at a coverture of 3mm, touch accuracy, touch sensitivity, and touch linearity. And moreover, we will present the results of the touch sensor‐integrated flexible and foldable AMOLED display.
42.1: Invited Paper: Fully transparent conformal organic thin‐film transistor array and its application as LED front driving
Authors: Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun 
Published: November 2018

Fully transparent conformal thin‐film transistor (TFT) array, that enables adherence onto the flat and curved surfaces without affecting original visual appearance, is the fundamental unit for next‐generation “see‐through” electronics such as transparent displays for car windscreens, LED front driving, and conformal biological devices. Realization of these functions faces one key challenge that requires the development of all components consisting of TFT with excellent flexibility and visual transparency. Organic semiconductor is promising candidate as the active material of transparent conformal transistors because of its advantages in light weight, flexibility, and tunable optoelectronic properties. Until now, however, the colorless fully transparent conformal organic TFT array has not been reported.Here, fully transparent conformal organic TFT array is demonstrated based on the photolithography‐compatible metallic grid gate electrode and the solution‐processed C8‐BTBT film. The resulting TET array exhibits high optical transparency of >80% over the visible spectrum, mobility of 2 cm2V−1s−1, on/off ratio of 105–106, switching current of >0.1 mA, and excellent light stability. The transparent conformal transistor array is demonstrated to well adhere onto the flat and curved LEDs as front driving. These results present promising applications of the solution‐processed wide‐bandgap organic semiconductor thin films in transparent conformal active‐matrix displays.
P‐6.3: Graphics process difficult overcoming in high PPI Product of AMOLED
Authors: Huchao  
Published: November 2018

As the request for high PPI is stricter and stricter, The demand for the line width and overlay accuracy of graph in array is higher and higher.We analyze mainly in this document the factors that influence the graph resolution, and illustrated the key point to promote the eq uipment processing ability by mask OPC and equipment optimization for improving high PPI graph manufacturing.
P‐9.6: Ultrathin Indium selenide (In2Se3) thin films and field‐effect transistors for active matrix addressable Micro‐LEDs
Authors: Wang Heshen , Liu Qiye , Feng Xuemeng , Deng Aiying , Dai Junfeng , Liu Zhaojun 
Published: November 2018

At present, micro‐LED display, which inherit the high efficiency, the high Brightness, high reliability of OLED display, is one of the hottest and the most promising display techniques.i,ii,iii,iv The Indium selenide (In2Se3) based transistor which possess a high gain and a short response times not only broader the potential applications in photo detector, but also provides a platform for high performance active addressing drive circuits of Micro‐LED displays. Here we reported an ultrathinIn2Se3 thin film on silicon wafer and its fabrication process for field‐effect transistors.The In2Se3 flakes was exfoliated by Scotch tape and then transferred to a SiO2/Si substrate to fabricate field‐effect transistors (FETs). Fig. 1 (a) shows the model of the devices are fabricated using cleaved In2Se3 nanosheets on SiO2/Si substrates with the highly doped Si substrate used as the gate electrode. The Cr/Au was used as source/drain electrodes for the devices.
Nickel Boride Mediated Chemoselective Reduction of Aryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborates to Corresponding Aryl Hydrazines and Aryl Amines at Ambient Temperature.
Authors: Bartwal Gaurav , Saroha Mohit , Khurana Jitender M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn efficient method has been reported for the chemoselective reduction of aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborates to corresponding hydrazines or anilines with nickel boride generated in situ from nickel chloride and sodium borohydride at room temperature using 1:1:3 or 1:2:6 molar ratio of substrate : NiCl2 : NaBH4. The aryl amines are obtained by in situ reduction of aryl hydrazines formed initially. Halo, carboxy, carboethoxy and methoxy groups remain unaffected under these conditions. Mild reaction conditions, easy work‐up and chemoselectivity are major advantages of this new procedure.
Effect of Dendritic Cu–In Alloy on Cr(VI) Reduction Synthesized via Pulsed Electrodeposition
Authors: Sivaranjani Thirugnanasambandan , Revathy Thirugalathi Anbalagan , Dhanavel Saminathan , Dhanapal Kumaresan , Narayanan Vengidusamy , Stephen Arumainathan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBlending of two or more elements to form an alloy, offers way for the innovation of new materials with desirable characteristics which are indeed essential in this digital era of science. In this context, a noticeable copper‐indium (Cu−In) alloy is synthesized via pulsed electrodeposition (PED) and the catalytic performance of the alloy is evaluated by its conversion efficiency of chromium(VI) to less‐toxic chromium(III). From the XRD studies, as‐deposited Cu−In alloys show the presence of dual phases. The electron microgram reveals the dendritic formation. XPS and EDX analyses confirm the presence of copper and indium in the sample and elemental composition which is ascertained from atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Heat treatment of the alloy upto 350 °C reveals the phase transformation to cubic Cu9In4 phase at 320 °C. Heavy metals are of great threat to health and should be removed from the waste water thereby prohibiting them from mixing in lakes and sea. From Cr(VI) reduction studies using Cu−In alloys prepared from various bath composition, the sample Cu−In synthesized from Cu60:In40 bath composition shows higher catalytic activity with a rate constant of 3.5 ms−1.
Preparation of Ce–Mn/Fe2O3 Catalysts for Steam Catalytic Cracking of Coal Tar
Authors: Yao Demeng , Wang Dechao , Jin Lijun , Li Yang , Yang He , Wang Tingting , Hu Haoquan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSteam catalytic cracking is an alternative method to produce light tar fractions from coal tar. In this study, Mn−Ce modified Fe2O3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method, and used for steam catalytic cracking of coal tar in a fixed‐bed reactor at 550 °C and atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the catalyst Fe80Mn15Ce5 (Fe/Mn/Ce mole ratio 80/15/5) exhibits the best performance in terms of highest light tar yield being 67.6 wt.%. Moreover, the decrease of weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) can further increase the pitch conversion and the light tar content. As a result, when the WHSV is 0.65 h−1, the light tar yield reaches 71.6 wt.% on Fe80Mn15Ce5. The structural variations of catalysts were characterized by several analytical techniques to reveal the improved catalytic performance. It is shown that the impregnation of MnOx improves the structural stability of Fe2O3 due to the formation of Fe−Mn solid solution, while the load of CeOx activates lattice oxygen. As a result, more active oxygen species generating from steam dissociation can participate in the catalytic upgrading of coal tar.
Selective and Green Sulfoxidation in Water using a New Chitosan Supported Mo(VI) Complex as Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Ahmed Kabirun , Saikia Gangutri , Begum Pakiza , Gogoi Sandhya Rani , Sharma Mitu , Talukdar Hiya , Islam Nashreen S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImmobilization of oxo‐peroxo molybdenum(VI) species on natural biopolymer, chitosan led to the development of a new heterogeneous catalyst which displayed excellent activity, stability and chemoselectivity for the oxidation of a wide variety of sulfides to the respective sulfoxides by H2O2 in water, at ambient temperature. The catalyst has been comprehensively characterized by elemental analysis, spectral studies (FTIR, Raman, solid‐state 13C NMR and diffuse reflectance UV‐Vis), PXRD, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), SEM, EDX and TGA‐DTG analysis. The density functional theory (DFT) method has been employed to study the structure of the synthesized chitosan peroxomolybdenum complex (PMoCh). In addition to water, the catalyst is also highly compatible with a variety of safer organic solvents like methanol and acetonitrile. Apart from being high yielding and operationally simple, the developed catalytic protocol is environmentally clean and safe as it is absolutely free from halogenated organic solvent. Other significant green attributes of the methodology include its ready scalability, high H2O2 efficiency and easy recyclability of the catalyst for several catalytic cycles with consistent activity/selectivity profile.
A Facile Synthesis of C‐N Hollow Nanotubes as High Electroactivity Catalysts of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Derived from Dicyandiamide
Authors: Yu Liang , Yi Qingfeng , Yang Xiaokun , Li Guang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDevelopment of N‐doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a hollow structure is extremely important for its application to electrochemical catalysis and energy storage. Here we demonstrate a facile synthesis of N‐doped CNTs from direct pyrolysis of a mixture of nickel salt (or nickel / cobalt salts), glucose and dicyandiamide, in which both the N‐doping process and the synthesis of carbon nanotubes are completed. The resulting hybrid N−C composites with high N doping contents show an emblematic tubular morphological structure revealing a hollow interior. Nickel salt is found to be an essential growth catalyst of these N‐doped CNTs and the as‐obtained tubular structure is about 27 nm in diameter in the presence of nickel and cobalt salts. All the as‐prepared catalysts display a comparable onset potential and high current density for ORR compared to Pt/C both in acidic and in alkaline media. Ni−Co/C−N‐HT catalyst even displays an extremely high ORR limiting current density of 7.17 mA cm ‐2@1600 rpm in acidic media, which is more than 1.3 times larger than the Pt/C. ORR in acidic solution takes place via a four‐electron mechanism. And for most of the catalysts a four‐electron mechanism of ORR in alkaline medium also prevails over a two‐electron mechanism.
Combustion Studies of 4‐Nitramino‐1,2,4‐Triazole (4‐NRTZ) and Its Salts: High Impulse Nitrogenous Fuels for Propellant Composite Materials
Authors: Sasidharan Nimesh , Kumar A. Sudheer , Hng Huey Hoon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe nitrogenous salts of 4‐nitramino‐1,2,4‐triazole (4‐NRTZ, 2), namely ammonium‐4‐nitramino‐1,2,4‐triazolate (Amm‐4‐NRTZ, 3), hydrazinium‐4‐nitramino‐1,2,4‐triazolate (Hy‐4‐NRTZ, 4) and hydroxylammonium‐4‐nitramino‐1,2,4‐triazolate (HyAm‐4‐NRTZ, 5) were synthesized, characterized by spectroscopic (FTIR, FT‐Raman, NMR) methods and their structures were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. The salts (3‐5) prepared in good yields showed good thermal stabilities and positive heat of formation. Ordered packing in lattice proved the better insensitivity of 3 & 5 towards IS, FS and ESD. Compounds 2 & 5 were further studied for its pressure generating capability inside a constant volume combustion chamber. Pressure‐time (P‐t) traces as well as dp/dt analysis revealed compound 5 has good gas generating capability. Theoretical predictions on the ballistic parameters in comparison with known compounds substantiate the potential of 5 as a strong candidate in propellant/gas generating composite materials.
Dual Role of N‐Bromosuccinimide as Oxidant and Succinimide Surrogate in Domino One‐Pot Oxidative Amination of Benzyl Alcohols for the Synthesis of α–Imido Ketones
Authors: Muneeswara Madithedu , Muthukumar Alagesan , Sekar Govindasamy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free oxidative amination of secondary benzyl alcohols has been developed using N‐bromosuccinimide as the oxidant and source of succinimide. The control experiments revealed that the transformation underwent via oxidation of alcohol to ketone, α‐bromination of ketone and diazabicyclo[5.4.1]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) base‐mediated nucleophilic substitution of the by‐product succinimide. Various substituted benzyl alcohols and N‐bromoimides were examined to form α‐imido ketones in short reaction timespans. The protocol was successfully extended to a gram scale reaction.
A Salt‐Templated Strategy toward Hollow Iron Selenides‐Graphitic Carbon Composite Microspheres with Interconnected Multicavities as High‐Performance Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Choi Jae Hun , Park Seung‐Keun , Kang Yun Chan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this work, a facile salt‐templated approach is developed for the preparation of hollow FeSe2/graphitic carbon composite microspheres as sodium‐ion battery anodes; these are composed of interconnected multicavities and an enclosed surface in‐plane embedded with uniform hollow FeSe2 nanoparticles. As the precursor, Fe2O3/carbon microspheres containing NaCl nanocrystals are obtained using one‐pot ultrasonic spray pyrolysis in which inexpensive NaCl and dextrin are used as a porogen and carbon source, respectively, enabling mass production of the composites. During post‐treatment, Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the composites transform into hollow FeSe2 nanospheres via the Kirkendall effect. These rational structures provide numerous conductive channels to facilitate ion/electron transport and enhance the capacitive contribution. Moreover, the synergistic effect between the hollow cavities within FeSe2 and the outstanding mechanical strength of the porous carbon matrix can effectively accommodate the large volume changes during cycling. Correspondingly, the composite microsphere exhibits high discharge capacity of 510 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 with capacity retention of 88% when calculated from the second cycle. Even at a high current density of 5.0 A g−1, a high discharge capacity of 417 mA h g−1 can be achieved.
The Metanarraphors We Lead and Mediate by: Insights from Cognitive Metaphor Theory in the Context of Mediation in a VUCA World
Authors: Kok Jacobus , Jordaan Barney 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe live in a superdiverse and supermobile world which is Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous (VUCA). Diversity management, social cohesion, mediation and negotiation skills are needed in such times. In all discourses, within the context of leading and facilitating the resolution of disputes metaphorical frameworks of meaning are created. The challenge for the mediator is to become aware of, and keep in mind how metaphors affect the process of mediation and the mediator’s own role in it. Those unaware of the dynamics of metaphor theory might implicitly be limited in the mediation process due to the socio-cognitive confines and frames of the metaphors being used in a given mediation context. By becoming aware of the dynamics of metaphor, by means of critically reflecting on metaphor theory, that which is often overt in the mediation dynamics, could be reflected upon covertly. This in turn will empower not only the mediator, but also the parties to a conflict or dispute as they reflect critically on the “metanarraphors” (meta-narratives and metaphors) they mediate or are influenced by.
Discerning Spirituality for Missional Leaders
Authors: Niemandt C. J. P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe concept of missional church represents a confluence of ideas on spirituality, discernment and leadership. The very idea of participating in the missio Dei implies a spiritual journey and underlying spirituality, and discernment is widely described as the “first step in mission.” The missional church recognises the importance of leadership to envision, shape, and facilitate missional transformation. This chapter acknowledges the urgency and importance of discourses on spirituality and discernment, because of the context of the church finding itself in a complex world. The church is a complex system and finds itself in a dynamic reality where the dynamism also entails complexity—to the extent that Friedman (Thank you for being late: An optimist’s guide to thriving in the age of accelerations. Allen Lane, London, 2016) typifies our age as the “age of accelerations.” The research will introduce the idea of missional leadership and its relevance in the light of the renewed attention to concepts of missional church in South Africa, in many other contexts, and in ecumenical organisations. Defining missional leadership as the Spirit-led transformation of people and institutions by means of meaningful relations to participate in God’s mission, the chapter will attend to an appropriate understanding of spirituality. This will be against the background of a shift of spiritual formation from knowing and believing, to hungering and thirsting. In the final section, discernment will be described as entering into a trialogue: the discerning interaction between church, culture, and biblical narrative—to seek, discover, understand, and share in what the Holy Spirit is involved in the close-to-the-ground particulars of the church’s engagement in, with, against, and for the world.
Challenging the New “One-Dimensional Man”: The Protestant Orders of Life as a Critical Nuance to Workplace Spirituality
Authors: van den Heuvel Steven C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhile recognizing the increased attention to spirituality in the workplace as being a good development overall, this chapter focuses on some problematic aspects of this new emphasis. In particular, three problems are identified: (1) the danger of instrumentalization and narcissistic misdirection; (2) the adoption of pragmatism in solving conflicts between conflicting spiritualities in the workplace, and (3) the dominance of radical social constructivist approaches, which don’t take into consideration the metaphysical claims inherent in many (especially religious) forms of spirituality. Together, these problems amount to a new “one-dimensionality,” referring to the famous description of modern society by Herbert Marcuse. In order to address these problems, I make recourse to the Protestant concept of the different orders of life, particularly as developed by the German theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer. In this chapter, I focus on three characteristics of his concept and argue that they can help in addressing the problems with the new emphasis on workplace spirituality that I have identified.
Spirituality and Leadership in a South African Context
Authors: Makka Anoosha 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis chapter discusses spirituality and leadership in a South African context. Leadership theories that are situated in the spiritual paradigm such as authentic, servant, spiritual and transformational leadership are considered in this chapter. It is argued that leadership practices and styles in South Africa are heavily influenced by British and American approaches. The notion of “ubuntu,” which is a central component of Afrocentric leadership is thus largely ignored in literature on the topic. This chapter draws attention to the influence of Western approaches on leadership in South African organisations with particular reference to the Afrocentric notion of ubuntu. It is recommended that further research be undertaken on ubuntu leadership in the South African context and beyond. Another recommendation is that research should be undertaken on blending Afrocentric and Eurocentric leadership styles in order to identify how this combined leadership approach can be implemented in South Africa.