bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Magnetic Flux Rope Eruption Simulated by a Data-driven Magnetohydrodynamic Model
Authors: Guo Yang , Xia Chun , Keppens Rony , Ding M. D. , Chen P. F. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The combination of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation and multi-wavelength observations is an effective way to study the mechanisms of magnetic flux rope eruption. We develop a data-driven MHD model using the zero-β approximation. The initial condition is provided by a nonlinear force-free field derived from the magneto-frictional method based on vector magnetic field observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The bottom boundary uses observed time series of the vector magnetic field and the vector velocity derived by the Differential Affine Velocity Estimator for Vector Magnetograms. We apply the data-driven model to active region 11123 observed from 06:00 UT on 2010 November 11 to about 2 hr later. The evolution of the magnetic field topology coincides with the flare ribbons observed in the 304 and 1600 Å wavebands by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. The morphology, propagation path, and propagation range of the flux rope are comparable with the observations in 304 Å. We also find that a data-constrained boundary condition, where the bottom boundary is fixed to the initial values, reproduces a similar simulation result. This model can reproduce the evolution of a magnetic flux rope in its dynamic eruptive phase.
Factors Predicting Upshoots and Downshoots in Duane's Retraction Syndrome
Authors: Mohan Kanwar , Saroha Vandana , Sharma Ashok 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: Factors predicting mechanical and innervational types of upshoots and downshoots in Duane's retraction syndrome were evaluated.
Methods: This retrospective study evaluated upshoots and downshoots in 196 patients (222 eyes) with Duane's retraction syndrome seen between January 1990 and July 2001 . On the basis of the ciinical characteristics, upshoots and downshoots were classified as mechanical type, innervational type, or both. Factors potentially predicting the upshoot-downshoot phenomenon that were studied included patient age, type of Duane's retraction syndrome, horizontal strabismus, and vertical tropia in the primary position of gaze.
Results: Upshoots and downshoots were present in 39% of the eyes. The mechanical type was more common than the innervational type (26% vs 12%). Overall, upshoots and downshoots were statistically significantly more common in type III Duane's retraction syndrome, with exotropia, and with vertical tropia in primary position. Patient age had no correlation with upshoots or downshoots. Both types of upshoots and downshoots were significantly more common in type III Duane's retraction syndrome. A statistically significant association was found between exotropia and the mechanical type, and between vertical tropia in primary position and the innervational type.
Conclusions: All patients with type III Duane's retraction syndrome, exotropia, and vertical tropia in the primary position of gaze should be examined for upshoots and downshoots. One should look specifically for the mechanical type when there is exotropia and for the innervational type when there is a large vertical tropia in the primary position of gaze.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003;40:147-151.
2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate Adhesive for Conjunctival Wound Closure in Rabbits
Authors: Kim Yuri M , Gupta Balaji K 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and histology of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate in conjunctival wound closure in rabbits.
Methods: Ten eyes of 10 New Zealand white rabbits were used. Eight rabbits had conjunctival wounds that were repaired with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. Two rabbits were killed at 1 week and two rabbits were killed at 2 weeks and their conjunctivae were examined histologically. From two additional rabbits, conjunctival strips were obtained that underwent tensile strength testing.
Results: All conjunctival wounds closed well with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. Histology revealed minimal inflammation of the wounds. The tensile strength of conjunctival strips glued together was 25.5 g (standard deviation, 1.9 g).
Conclusion: 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate may be a possible tissue adhesive for conjunctival wound closure.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003;40: 152-155.
Characterization of the Systemic Findings of Patients Undergoing Initiation of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Haq Siraj , Ansari Waseem H. , Han Michael M. , Conti Thais F. , Conti Felipe F. , Silva Fabiana Q. , Singh Rishi P. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Previous studies have validated that baseline visual acuity (VA) can predict a variance response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. However, little is known about the initial systemic presentation of diabetic macular edema (DME) in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to report the baseline systemic findings of patients presenting with DME who received anti-VEGF in clinical practice.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective chart review of patients with DME presenting between April 2012 and December 2016 was performed.

RESULTS:
Data from 638 patients were retrieved. The average patient age was 63.1 years (±11.6 years), and 53% were male. There were 95.6% type II diabetics with an average HgA1c of 8.1% (range: 5.1% to 14.5%). Insulin use was present in 67%, biguanides in 43%, sulfonylureas in 32.8%, DDP4 inhibitors in 11.8%, thiazolidinediones in 3.9%, and D-phenylalanine derivatives in 0.94%. Hypertension was present in 78.4% of patients, cardiac comorbidities in 29.3%, peripheral vascular disease in 16.5%, and renal insufficiency in 22.6%. Patients were then split into two different cohorts based on VA (ETDRS < 70 and ETDRS ≥ 70), and variables were compared between groups.

CONCLUSION:
It was shown that older age, hypertension, elevated creatinine, elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and decreased biguanide use were positively associated with worse presenting VA.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:16–24.]
Lipopeptide 78 from Staphylococcus epidermidis Activates β-Catenin To Inhibit Skin Inflammation
Authors: Li Dongqing , Wang Wang , Wu Yelin , Ma Xiaojing , Zhou Wenbo , Lai Yuping 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The appropriate inflammatory response is essential for normal wound repair, and skin commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis has been shown to regulate TLR3-mediated inflammatory response to maintain skin homeostasis after injury. However, the underlying mechanism by which S. epidermidis regulates wound-induced inflammation remains largely unexplored. In this study we identified a previously unknown lipopeptide 78 (LP78) from S. epidermidis and showed that LP78 inhibited TLR3-mediated skin inflammation to promote wound healing. Skin injury activated TLR3/NF-κB to promote the interaction of p65 and PPARγ in nuclei and then initiated the inflammatory response in keratinocytes. LP78 activated TLR2-SRC to induce β-catenin phosphorylation at Tyr654. The phospho–β-catenin translocated into nuclei to bind to PPARγ, thus disrupting the interaction between p65 and PPARγ. The disassociation between p65 and PPARγ reduced the expression of TLR3-induced inflammatory cytokines in skin wounds of normal and diabetic mice, which correlated with accelerated wound healing. Our data demonstrate that S. epidermidis–derived LP78 inhibits skin inflammation to promote wound healing and suggest that LP78 might be a potential compound for the treatment of delayed or unhealed wounds.
TCR Retrogenic Mice as a Model To Map Self-Tolerance Mechanisms to the Cancer Mucosa Antigen GUCY2C
Authors: Abraham Tara S. , Flickinger John C. , Waldman Scott A. , Snook Adam E. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Characterizing self-tolerance mechanisms and their failure is critical to understand immune homeostasis, cancer immunity, and autoimmunity. However, examination of self-tolerance mechanisms has relied primarily on transgenic mice expressing TCRs targeting well-characterized, but nonphysiologic, model Ags, such as OVA and hemagglutinin. Identifying TCRs directed against bona fide self-antigens is made difficult by the extraordinary diversity of TCRs and the low prevalence of Ag-specific clones (&lt;10–100 naive cells per organism), limiting dissection of tolerance mechanisms restricting immunity to self-proteins. In this study, we isolated and characterized TCRs recognizing the intestinal epithelial cell receptor and colorectal cancer Ag GUCY2C to establish a model to study self-antigen–specific tolerance mechanisms. GUCY2C-specific CD4+ effector T cells were isolated from immunized, nontolerant Gucy2c−/− mice. Next-generation sequencing identified GUCY2C-specific TCRs, which were engineered into CD4+ T cells in vitro to confirm TCR recognition of GUCY2C. Further, the generation of “retrogenic” mice by reconstitution with TCR-transduced hematopoietic stem cells resulted in normal CD4+ T cell development, responsiveness to immunization, and GUCY2C-induced tolerance in recipient mice, recapitulating observations in conventional models. This retrogenic model can be employed to define self-tolerance mechanisms restricting T and B cell responses to GUCY2C to optimize colorectal cancer immunotherapy without autoimmunity.
Cyclic Dinucleotide–Adjuvanted Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Induces Protective Antibody and T Cell Responses
Authors: Espinosa Diego A. , Beatty P. Robert , Reiner Gabrielle L. , Sivick Kelsey E. , Hix Glickman Laura , Dubensky Thomas W. , Harris Eva 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and vascular leak, pathogenic hallmarks of severe dengue disease, are directly triggered by dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). Previous studies have shown that immunization with NS1, as well as passive transfer of NS1-immune serum or anti-NS1 mAb, prevent NS1-mediated lethality in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective capacity of recombinant DENV NS1 administered with cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), potent activators of innate immune pathways and highly immunogenic adjuvants. Using both wild-type C57BL/6 mice and IFN-α/β receptor–deficient mice, we show that NS1-CDN immunizations elicit serotype-specific and cross-reactive Ab and T cell responses. Furthermore, NS1-CDN vaccinations conferred significant homotypic and heterotypic protection from DENV2-induced morbidity and mortality. In addition, we demonstrate that high anti-NS1 Ab titers are associated with protection, supporting the role of humoral responses against DENV NS1 as correlates of protection. These findings highlight the potential of CDN-based adjuvants for inducing Ab and T cell responses and validate NS1 as an important candidate for dengue vaccine development.
The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Boys' Basketball (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Basketball (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)
Authors: Clifton Daniel R. , Onate James A. , Hertel Jay , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Currie Dustin W. , Wasserman Erin B. , Knowles Sarah B. , Dompier Thomas P. , Marshall Stephen W. , Comstock R. Dawn , Kerr Zachary Y. 
Published: January 2019

Context
The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of boys' and men's basketball injury data.

Objective
To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school boys' basketball in the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate men's basketball in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance.

Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting
Online injury surveillance from basketball teams of high school boys (annual average = 100) and collegiate men (annual average = 55).

Patients or Other Participants
Boys' and men's basketball players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years in high school or the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years in college.

Main Outcome Measures
Athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) were calculated. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) compared injury rates by school size or division, time in season, event type, and competition level.

Results
The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 3056 time-loss injuries during 1 977 480 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 4607 time-loss injuries during 868 631 AEs. The injury rate was higher for college than for high school (5.30 versus 1.55/1000 AE; IRR = 3.43; 95% CI = 3.28, 3.59). The injury rate was higher for competitions than for practices in both high school (IRR = 2.38; 95% CI = 2.22, 2.56) and college (IRR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.90, 2.14). The most common injuries at both levels were ligament sprains, muscle/tendon strains, and concussions; most injuries affected the ankle, knee, and head/face. Injuries were most often caused by contact with another player or noncontact mechanisms.

Conclusions
Injury rates were greater among collegiate players compared with high school players and were greater during competitions than practices at both levels. Distributions of injuries by body part, diagnoses, and mechanisms of injury were similar, suggesting that athletes at both levels may benefit from similar injury-prevention strategies.
Pricing of fair value instruments reported under International Financial Reporting Standards 7: South African setting
Authors: Hlatshwayo Hopewell , Zulu Mbalenhle 
Published: January 2019

Background: Prior literature established that different fair value levels disclosed in terms of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 7 are value relevant.Setting: This study investigates the market pricing of the different fair value levels, as well as the market reaction towards the fair value hierarchy levels reported in terms of IFRS 7.Aim: Prior research found inconsistencies in the market pricing of fair value levels. This study seeks to contribute to this debate. It also focuses on the period after comprehensive guidance on how to measure fair value levels was issued.Methods: Data from 2009 to 2015 were collected from the financial sector companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The study uses the statement of financial position and the Ohlson model to investigate the market pricing of the different fair value levels disclosed in terms of IFRS 7.Results: The results of the study show that the fair value of assets level 1, 2 and 3, as well as the fair value of liabilities level 3 are value relevant while the fair value of liabilities level 1 and 2 are not value relevant. Furthermore, the market pricing of level 2 and 3 fair value assets and liabilities is not lower for companies with a high debt equity ratio than for companies with a low debt equity ratio. The results further reveal that the pricing of level 3 assets improved with the introduction of IFRS 13 and post the 2008 financial crisis.Conclusion: Fair value assets across different hierarchy levels are value relevant. On the contrary, fair value liabilities are priced differently across the different hierarchy levels.
Multimodality treatment of head-and-neck soft-tissue sarcomas and short-term outcomes: Analysis from sarcoma medical oncology clinic
Authors: Vanidassane Ilavarasi , Sharma Aparna , Aggarwal Aditi , Gunasekar Sudhakar , Barwad Adarsh , Dhamija Ekta , Pandey Rambha , Deo Suryanarayana , Garg Rakesh , Rastogi Sameer 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Head-and-neck soft-tissue sarcomas (HNSTS) are extremely rare and lack definite guidelines. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive adult patients with HNSTS who presented to our sarcoma medical oncology clinic from January 2016 to October 2017. Results: There were a total of 30 patients. Unresectable localized disease was seen in 13 (43%) patients, metastatic disease 10 (34%) patients, while resectable disease in 7 (23%) patients only. Among unresectable localized disease, 3 (25%) patients could be converted to resectable disease after neoadjuvant therapy. Median follow period was 11 months. Progression-free survival was 19 months in patients with resectable disease and 6 months in patients with the unresectable/metastatic disease. Median OS was not reached. Conclusion: Unresectable HNSTS has a poor outcome. Neoadjuvant therapy can be tried in selected cases for achieving respectability or for vital organ preservation until robust data are available. A multidisciplinary approach for local control is crucial in managing unresectable HNSTS.
Squamous cell carcinoma of upper alveolus: An experience of a tertiary care center of Northeast India
Authors: Baishya Nizara , Rahman Tashnin , Das Ashok Kumar , Kalita Chandi Ram , Sharma Jagannath Dev , Krishnatreya Manigreeva , Kataki Amal Chandra 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze the clinical behavior and the impact of nodal metastasis on the prognosis of upper alveolus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Materials and Methods: The medical records of 110 patients with SCC of the upper alveolus (International Classification of Diseases-10-C03.0) diagnosed during 2010–2015 were reviewed. Survival analysis was done using the Kaplan–Meier method and was compared using log rank-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 110 patients, 59 were males and 51 were females. Forty-six (41.8%) patients presented with lymph node metastasis. Fifty-three (51.8%) patients presented in Stage IVA, thirty (27.3%) patients in Stage IVB, ten (9.1%) patients in Stage III, 12 (10.9%) patients in Stage II. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 71.1% in Stage II, in Stage III it was 65.6%, in Stage it was IVA 56.7%, and in Stage IVB it was 19.4% (P = 0.02). The 5-year OS for node negative compared with node positive was 66.3% versus 37.3%, respectively (P = 0.019). Conclusion: Presence of lymph node metastasis is associated with lower survival rates. Adequate surgical resection with adjuvant treatment, where necessary, offers the best chance of disease control.
La evaluación de la calidad de los procesos de innovación docente universitaria. Una perspectiva constructivista.
Authors: Mauri Teresa , Coll Cesar , Onrubia Javier 
Published: January 2019

<p>El cambio de cultura docente en educación superior, propiciado por el desarrollo de las directrices de Bolonia, ha supuesto la puesta en marcha de numerosos propuestas de innovación docente y ha traído como consecuencia la necesidad de evaluar la calidad de las mismas. En este marco, se ha desarrollado un proyecto de investigación para valorar el impacto de la innovación docente en la calidad de la enseñanza universitaria. Se han concretado las dimensiones base de la evaluación de la calidad y se han elaborado una serie de cinco instrumentos: tres para el profesor y dos para los alumnos. Los instrumentos han sido utilizados en la evaluación de la calidad de la docencia de tres propuestas de innovación de la docencia en la Universidad de Barcelona.</p><p> </p>
Efeito da associação de prática imagética e física na aprendizagem motora em crianças
Authors: Takazono Patrícia Sayuri , Teixeira Luis Augusto 
Published: January 2019

Imagética dos próprios movimentos tem mostrado induzir aprendizagem motora em adultos, porém são escassas evidências similares em crianças. O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito da associação entre prática imagética e prática física em comparação com prática física pura em uma habilidade manual em crianças de 9-10 anos de idade. A tarefa consistiu em transportar um bloco e encaixá-lo em um suporte com rapidez e estabilidade, avaliando-se o tempo de movimento para completar os componentes de “alcance” e “transporte”. As crianças foram distribuídas em três grupos: (a) prática física (FIS) (240 tentativas), (b) combinação (COMB) de prática imagética (180 tentativas) e prática física (60 tentativas), e (c) controle (CON), com associação de rotação visual (180 tentativas) e prática física (60 tentativas). O desempenho foi avaliado imediatamente e 24 h após a prática. Os resultados indicaram que o grupo FIS obteve ganho persistente de desempenho no componente “transporte”, porém não no componente “alcance”, enquanto o grupo COMB alcançou ganho persistente de desempenho em ambos os componentes de movimento; não foram encontradas diferenças significantes para o grupo CON. Estes resultados sugerem que a prática imagética aprimora a representação mental da tarefa motora em crianças, enquanto que a prática física oferece informação de feedback sensorial sobre o os movimentos realizados. Como conclusão, nossos resultados sugerem que a combinação de prática física e imagética é um procedimento que pode ser mais efetivo do que prática física pura para aprendizagem motora em crianças.
Estimation of atmospheric total organic carbon (TOC) – paving the path towards carbon budget closure
Authors: Yang Mingxi , Fleming Zoë L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The atmosphere contains a rich variety of reactive organic compounds,
including gaseous volatile organic carbon (VOCs), carbonaceous aerosols, and
other organic compounds at varying volatility. Here we present a novel and
simple approach to measure atmospheric non-methane total organic carbon (TOC)
based on catalytic oxidation of organics in bulk air to carbon dioxide. This
method shows little sensitivity towards humidity and near 100 % oxidation
efficiencies for all VOCs tested. We estimate a best-case hourly precision of
8 ppb C during times of low ambient variability in carbon dioxide, methane,
and carbon monoxide (CO). As proof of concept of this approach, we show
measurements of TOC+CO during August–September 2016 from a coastal
city in the southwest United Kingdom. TOC+CO was substantially
elevated during the day on weekdays (occasionally over 2 ppm C) as a result
of local anthropogenic activity. On weekends and holidays, with a mean
(standard error) of 102 (8) ppb C, TOC+CO was lower and showed much
less diurnal variability. TOC+CO was significantly lower when winds
were coming off the Atlantic Ocean than when winds were coming off land if we
exclude the weekday daytime. By subtracting the estimated CO from
TOC+CO, we constrain the mean (uncertainty) TOC in Atlantic-dominated
air masses to be around 23 (±≥8) ppb C during this period. A
proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) was deployed at the same
time, detecting a large range of organic compounds (oxygenated VOCs, biogenic
VOCs, aromatics, dimethyl sulfide). The total speciated VOCs from the PTR-MS,
denoted here as Sum(VOC), amounted to a mean (uncertainty) of 12 (±≤3) ppb C in marine air. Possible contributions from a number of known
organic compounds present in marine air that were not detected by the PTR-MS
are assessed within the context of the TOC budget. Finally, we note that the
use of a short, heated sample tube can improve the transmission of organics
to the analyzer, while operating our system alternately with and without a
particle filter should enable a better separation of semi-volatile and
particulate organics from the VOCs within the TOC budget. Future concurrent
measurements of TOC, CO, and a more comprehensive range of speciated VOCs
would enable a better characterization and understanding of
the atmospheric organic carbon budget.