bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social and emotional competence as key element to improve healthy lifestyles in children: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bermejo‐Martins Elena , Mujika Agurtzane , Iriarte Andrea , Pumar-Méndez Maria Jesus , Belintxon Maider , Ruiz‐Zaldibar Cayetana , Lopez‐Dicastillo Olga 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo show the results of an exploratory trial based on social and emotional learning to promote healthy lifestyles in 5–6 aged children.DesignA randomized controlled trial.MethodThe study was conducted from 2015–2016. Thirty‐seven children were allocated to the intervention group (N = 19) and control group (N = 18). A multi‐method and multi‐component evaluation approach was used to capture the preliminary efficacy, acceptability, and feasibility of the programme. Repeat measures ANOVA followed by an ANCOVA tests were applied for the inferential analysis and for qualitative data, a content analysis was used.ResultsPositive effects on emotional perception and resilience were found in children's intervention group. Children and families showed high programme's acceptability and a wide range of barriers and facilitators were identified during the implementation process.ConclusionPredicted mechanisms to improve healthy lifestyles in children throughout social and emotional competence seem to be supported by some of the study's results. However more research is needed to replicate such results and confirm these mechanisms. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02975544.
Down‐regulation of miRNA‐27b‐3p suppresses keratinocytes apoptosis in oral lichen planus
Authors: Chen Junjun , Wang Yufeng , Du Guanhuan , Zhang Wenyi , Cao Tianyi , Shi Linjun , Wang Yanni , Mi Jun , Tang Guoyao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOral lichen planus (OLP) is considered a precancerous lesion with no known cure. Recent studies reported that abnormal regulation of apoptosis was involved in the pathogenesis of OLP. Next generation sequencing was used to screen the candidate microRNAs and genes in biopsies from patients with OLP and healthy mucosa. Human oral keratinocytes were transfected into the related oligonucleotides of miR‐27b‐3p/cyclophilin D and their control groups. Apoptosis was detected by TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end labelling and flow cytometry. The levels of mRNA and protein were detected by quantitative PCR, Western blots, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Luciferase assays were performed to detect the luciferase activities of miR‐27b‐3p and cyclophilin D. Here, we showed that basal epithelium apoptosis was reduced and the miR‐27b‐3p levels were decreased in clinical OLP samples. We also found that down‐regulation of miR‐27b‐3p inhibited epithelial keratinocyte apoptosis by up‐regulating cyclophilin D expression. Moreover, cyclophilin D increased the protein stability of Bcl2 through direct binding, and Bcl2 suppressed caspase9/3 activation and cytochrome C release. Taken together, these data showed that miR‐27b‐3p regulated keratinocyte apoptosis through cyclophilin D/Bcl2 signalling, suggesting the miR‐27b‐3p regulated the pathogenesis of OLP.
Five‐year stability of clinical attachment after regenerative treatment of infrabony defects compared to controls
Authors: Abdul Rahman Natalie , Nickles Katrin , Gallenbach Kerstin , Dannewitz Bettina , Ramich Tatjana , Scharf Susanne , Röllke Lasse , Schacher Beate , Eickholz Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the stability of attachment achieved in infrabony defects by regenerative treatment over 60 ± 12 months compared to control teeth.MethodsPatients treated regeneratively in at least one infrabony defect between 2004 and 2010 were screened for this retrospective cohort study. Complete examinations available for baseline, 12 and 60 ± 12 months after surgery, and a respective control tooth without treatment, provided eligibility for analysis.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients (age 58 ± 11.7 years; 12 females, five smokers) were included, each contributing one infrabony defect and one control tooth. Regenerative therapy resulted in significant attachment gain (2.7 ± 1.6 mm; p < 0.001) after 1 and (3.0 ± 2.2 mm; p < 0.001) 5 years. Control teeth were stable (vertical probing attachment level [PAL‐V] change: 1 year: 0 ± 0.8 mm; 5 years: −0.2 ± 1.2 mm). The study did not detect any significant change of PAL‐V from 1 to 5 years after surgery for regenerative (−0.3 ± 2.4 mm) and control teeth (−0.2 ± 1.4 mm). Multivariate analysis associated smoking and generalized recurrence of periodontitis (amount of sites with PPD > 5 mm) with attachment loss.ConclusionsPAL‐V achieved by regenerative therapy in infrabony defects is as stable over 5 years as periodontally reduced but gingivally healthy or gingivitis sites. Smoking and periodontitis recurrence are associated with attachment loss.
Evidence‐based medicine: A cornerstone for clinical care but not for quality improvement
Authors: Mondoux Shawn , Shojania Kaveh G 
Published: April 2019

AbstractQuality improvement (QI) as a clinical improvement science has been criticized for failing to deliver broad patient outcome improvement and for being a top‐down regulatory and compliance construct. These critics have argued that the focus of QI should be on increasing adherence to clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and, as a result, should be consolidated into research structures with the science of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) at the helm. We argue that EBM often overestimates the role of knowledge as the root cause of quality problems and focuses almost exclusively on the effectiveness of care while often neglecting the domains of safety, efficiency, patient‐centredness, and equity. Successfully addressing quality problems requires a much broader, systems‐based view of health‐care delivery. Although essential to clinical decision‐making and practice, EBM cannot act as the cornerstone of health system improvement.
Design and development of rapid and environment friendly conditioner for cashew nut processing
Authors: Banerjee Soumitra , Shrivastava Shanker Lal 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConventional hot air conditioning of cashew kernels before peeling is a time‐consuming operation causing environmental pollution. The aim of this research study was to design and develop a rapid and environment‐friendly cashew kernel conditioner and study the quality of the conditioned cashew kernels. Infrared heating was found suitable for rapid conditioning of cashew kernels, based on which a rapid conditioning machine was designed and developed. Drying kinetics study revealed that developed conditioner was suitable for rapid cashew kernel conditioning. Diffusivity values for conventional hot air and developed conditioning were found as 1.80 × 10−10 and 1.96 × 10−9 m2/s, respectively. Sensory evaluation study revealed no significant differences (p < .05) among differently conditioned cashew kernel samples. The well‐insulated conditioner was energy efficient (77.78%) and its operation had no harmful impact on the environment.Practical applicationsDeveloped infrared cashew kernel conditioner was found suitable for rapid cashew kernel conditioning. It is environmental friendly and energy efficient in operation. This developed conditioning machine would meet the requirement of cashew nut processing industries as suitable replacement of conventional hot air dryers. Processing time would get reduced significantly and the compact design would allow to accommodate the machine in less floor space. Developed machine is easy to operate for anyone with basic technical knowledge.
The impact of fruit softening on avocado cell microstructure changes monitored by electrical impedance and conductivity for cold‐pressed oil extraction
Authors: Yang Shuo , Hallett Ian , Oh Hyunah E. , Woolf Allan B. , Wong Marie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe impact of avocado fruit firmness on cold‐pressed oil recovery was investigated using a laboratory oil extraction unit. Intact, ground flesh and the malaxed (mixed) fruit pulp samples were collected during the extraction process to evaluate cell structure by electrical impedance spectroscopy, electrical conductivity, and light microscopy. The intact flesh of soft fruit at 105 firmometer value (Fv; over ripe) had the lowest electrical resistance compared to fruit with a firmness of 55 Fv (minimally ripe). The grinding step resulted in the greatest reduction in electrical resistance, suggesting the greatest cellular disruption in this step. Additionally, intact fruit and fruit pulp from fruit at 105 Fv had a higher conductivity and a lower electrical resistance value, which indicated more cell rupture occurred when softer, riper avocado fruit were processed. A greater number of unbroken parenchyma cells remained in samples from firmer fruit at various sampling points during the extraction process.Practical applicationsParenchyma cells in the mesocarp of soft ripe “Hass” avocado were easier to disrupt during cold‐pressed extraction. Extraction yield of oil, using the cold‐press method, increased with riper avocados. However, the cold‐pressed oil quality decreased with avocado fruit ripeness, based on percentage of free fatty acids and peroxide value. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was found to be a useful technique for following mesocarp cellular changes during the extraction of oil.
One‐year follow‐up study of neuropathic pain in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Bjelica Bogdan , Peric Stojan , Bozovic Ivo , Kacar Aleksandra , Cobeljic Mina , Dejanovic Ivana , Stevic Zorica , Basta Ivana 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe sought to gather information about frequency and features of neuropathic pain (NeP) in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) patients and to investigate course of NeP during 1‐year follow‐up. Study included 105 patients diagnosed with CIDP. Patients with diabetes (N = 26) were excluded. NeP was diagnosed by the official guidelines and painDETECT questionnaire (PD‐Q). Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRC‐SS), INCAT disability and sensory scores, and Beck Depression Inventory were also measured. PD‐Q showed presence of NeP in 16 (20%) of 79 CIDP patients and their mean pain was moderate (5.1 ± 3.0 of 10). Diagnostic delay in CIDP patients with NeP was prolonged compared to CIDP patients without NeP (21 ± 28 vs 9 ± 12 months, P < .05). Slowly progressive course of the disease was more frequent in patients with NeP (81% vs 52%, P < .05). Patients with NeP had worse INCAT sensory score (P < .01), INCAT disability score (P < .05), MRC‐SS, as well as worse disease outcome at time of testing (P < .05). Depression was more common in patients with NeP (69% vs 17%, P < .01). During 1‐year follow‐up, majority of our CIDP patients had good control of NeP with gabapentinoids or amitriptyline. NeP was common in our cohort of non‐diabetic CIDP patients. It was associated with worse functional disability, worse sensory deficit, and depression. Special attention should be paid to CIDP patients with NeP because they request additional symptomatic therapy that appeared efficacious in our cohort.
Prognostic assessment using a new substaging system for Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage C hepatocellular carcinoma: A nationwide study
Authors: Lee Dong‐won , Yim Hyung Joon , Seo Yeon Seok , Na Seong Kyun , Kim Seung Young , Suh Sang Jun , Hyun Jong Jin , Jung Sung Woo , Jung Young Kul , Koo Ja Seol , Kim Ji Hoon , Yeon Jong Eun , Lee Sang Woo , Byun Kwan Soo , Um Soon Ho 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAim & BackgroundAdvanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Barcelona clinic liver cancer [BCLC] stage C) needs subclassification to more accurately predict survival. This study aims to establish a substaging system of BCLC stage C HCC patients for accurate prognosis.MethodsData from 564 patients with newly diagnosed BCLC stage C HCC from three tertiary‐care hospitals affiliated with the Korea University (training set) were assessed retrospectively. Variables affecting overall survival (OS) were analysed, and patients were substaged according to the number of prognostic factors they fulfilled. The substaging system was validated using a nationwide database from the Korean Liver Cancer Association (validation set; n = 742).ResultsIn the training set, tumour factors such as tumour burden ≥10 cm, major portal vein invasion and distant metastasis, as well as underlying liver function, were independently associated with OS. BCLC stage C was classified into four substages (C1‐4) according to the number of prognostic factors. Substages C1, C2, C3 and C4 showed a median OS of 17.50 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.57‐26.43), 10.13 months (95% CI, 8.17‐12.09), 4.20 months (95% CI, 3.42‐4.98), and 2.90 months (95% CI, 2.34‐3.46) respectively (P < 0.05). This substaging system also had good discriminative ability in predicting survival in the validation set. In addition, it was considered that the BCLC substaging is better than Hong Kong liver cancer substaging in predicting the OS for patients with advanced HCC.ConclusionOur substaging for BCLC stage C might help predict patients' prognosis better.
Cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) show visual system adaptations typical of nocturnally and diurnally active fish
Authors: Luehrmann Martin , Carleton Karen L. , Cortesi Fabio , Cheney Karen L. , Marshall N. Justin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAnimal visual systems adapt to environmental light on various timescales. In scotopic conditions, evolutionary time‐scale adaptations include spectral tuning to a narrower light spectrum, loss (or inactivation) of visual genes, and pure‐rod or rod‐dominated retinas. Some fishes inhabiting shallow coral reefs may show activity during the day and at night. It is unclear whether these fishes show adaptations typical of exclusively nocturnal or deep‐sea fishes, or of diurnally active shallow‐water species. Here, we investigated visual pigment diversity in cardinalfishes (Apogonidae). Most cardinalfishes are nocturnal foragers, yet they aggregate in multispecies groups in and around coral heads during the day, engaging in social and predator avoidance behaviours. We sequenced retinal transcriptomes of 28 species found on the Great Barrier Reef, assessed the diversity of expressed opsin genes and predicted the spectral sensitivities of resulting photopigments using sequence information. Predictions were combined with microspectrophotometry (MSP) measurements in seven cardinalfish species. Retinal opsin expression was rod opsin (RH1) dominated (>87%), suggesting the importance of scotopic vision. However, all species retained expression of multiple cone opsins also, presumably for colour vision. We found five distinct quantitative expression patterns among cardinalfishes, ranging from short‐wavelength‐shifted to long‐wavelength‐shifted. These results indicate that cardinalfishes are both well adapted to dim‐light conditions and have retained a sophisticated colour vision sense. Other reef fish families also show both nocturnal and diurnal activity while most are strictly one or the other. It will be interesting to compare these behavioural differences across different phylogenetic groups using the criteria and methods developed here.
Weight loss variability with SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP‐1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: Mechanistic possibilities
Authors: Brown Emily , Wilding John P.H. , Barber Thomas M. , Alam Uazman , Cuthbertson Daniel J. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryWe are facing a global epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Weight loss, in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes, may improve glycaemic control and weight‐related comorbidities, and in some cases, induce diabetes remission. Although lifestyle‐based weight loss strategies may be initially successful, most are not effective long‐term. There is an increasing need to consider pharmacological approaches to assist weight loss in diabetes‐obesity. Older glucose‐lowering agents may cause weight gain, whereas the newer drug classes, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon‐like peptide receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs), concomitantly target weight loss and glycaemic control. Clinical trial data suggest that both SGLT2i and GLP1 RAs cause a mean weight loss of approximately 2 to 3 kg but real‐world evidence and clinical experience suggests a significant heterogeneity in the magnitude of the weight loss (GLP‐1 RAs) or the magnitude of the actual weight loss is significantly less than anticipated (SGLT2i). Why do some individuals lose more weight than others in response to these pharmacological treatments? This review will first explore mechanisms by which body weight is regulated through control of energy balance and its dysregulation in obesity, and then consider how these mechanisms may be modulated therapeutically with SGLT2i and GLP1 RAs.
Aortic conduit aneurysm and enteric fistula formation in a post–liver transplant patient: A potential causative role for cytomegalovirus?
Authors: King Dominic , Neil Desley , Forde Colm , Mirza Darius , Mergental Hynek , Elsharkawy Ahmed M 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHepatic arterial aortic conduits can be used as an alternative means of revascularizing the donor liver when the native recipient hepatic artery (HA) cannot be used. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common Herpesviridae infection in patients who have undergone solid organ transplants. It can be asymptomatic but may cause fever and invasive disease affecting any organ system. Here we describe the first case in the literature of an aortic conduit aneurysm and concurrent CMV viremia following liver transplantation. We speculate on a causative role for CMV in the development of the aneurysm.
Platelet‐derived extracellular vesicles convey mitochondrial DAMPs in platelet concentrates and their levels are associated with adverse reactions
Authors: Marcoux Genevieve , Magron Audrey , Sut Caroline , Laroche Audree , Laradi Sandrine , Hamzeh‐Cognasse Hind , Allaeys Isabelle , Cabon Ophelie , Julien Anne‐Sophie , Garraud Olivier , Cognasse Fabrice , Boilard Eric 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDWhereas platelet transfusion is a common medical procedure, inflammation still occurs in a fraction of transfused individuals despite the absence of any apparent infectious agents. Platelets can shed membrane vesicles, called extracellular vesicles (EVs), some of which contain mitochondria (mito+EV). With its content of damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP), the mitochondrion can stimulate the innate immune system. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a recognized DAMP detected in the extracellular milieu in numerous inflammatory conditions and in platelet concentrates. We hypothesized that platelet‐derived mitochondria encapsulated in EVs may represent a reservoir of mtDNA.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSHerein, we explored the implication of mito+EVs in the occurrence of mtDNA quantified in platelet concentrate supernatants that induced or did not induce transfusion adverse reactions.RESULTSWe observed that EVs were abundant in platelet concentrates, and platelet‐derived mito+EVs were more abundant in platelet concentrates that induced adverse reactions. A significant correlation (rs = 0.73; p < 0.0001) between platelet‐derived mito+EV levels and mtDNA concentrations was found. However, there was a nonsignificant correlation between the levels of EVs without mitochondria and mtDNA concentrations (rs = −0.11; p = 0.5112). The majority of the mtDNA was encapsulated into EVs.CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that platelet‐derived EVs, such as those that convey mitochondrial DAMPs, may be a useful biomarker for the prediction of potential risk of adverse transfusion reactions. Moreover, our work implies that investigations are necessary to determine whether there is a causal pathogenic role of mitochondrial DAMP encapsulated in EVs as opposed to mtDNA in solution.
Infections Caused by Group C and G Streptococcus (Streptococcus dysgalactiaesubsp.equisimilisand Others): Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects
Authors: Baracco Gio J. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTStreptococci carrying serogroup C and G antigens, and in particular,Streptococcus dysgalactiaesubsp.equisimilis(SDSE), are emerging human pathogens that are increasingly isolated from patients with a myriad of infections that range from mundane to life-threatening. SDSE is microbiologically similar toStreptococcus pyogenes. These streptococci frequently cause infections of the throat and skin and soft tissues. Moreover, they may invade the bloodstream and disseminate widely to many deep tissue sites, including the endocardium. Life-threatening invasive infections due to SDSE, including the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, occur most frequently in patients with severe underlying medical diseases. Treatment with penicillin is adequate under most circumstances, but treatment failure occurs. SDSE may also be resistant to other antibiotic classes including tetracyclines, macrolides, and clindamycin. Most human infections caused by groups C and G streptococci are transmitted from person to person, but infections due toStreptococcus equisubsp.zooepidemicus(and, rarely, toS. equisubsp.equi) are zoonoses. Transmission of these latter species occurs by animal contact or by contamination of food products and has been associated with the development of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Members of theStreptococcus anginosusgroup, usually classified with the viridans group of streptococci, are associated with a variety of pyogenic infections.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Capsular Polysaccharide
Authors: Paton James C. , Trappetti Claudia 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

The polysaccharide capsule of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
is the dominant surface structure of the organism and plays a critical role in virulence, principally by interfering with host opsonophagocytic clearance mechanisms. The capsule is the target of current pneumococcal vaccines, but there are 98 currently recognised polysaccharide serotypes and protection is strictly serotype-specific. Widespread use of these vaccines is driving changes in serotype prevalence in both carriage and disease. This chapter summarises current knowledge on the role of the capsule and its regulation in pathogenesis, the mechanisms of capsule synthesis, the genetic basis for serotype differences, and provides insights into how so many structurally distinct capsular serotypes have evolved. Such knowledge will inform ongoing refinement of pneumococcal vaccination strategies.