bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AgPd Alloy Nanoparticles Decorated MoS2 2D Nanosheets: Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst in Wide pH Condition
Authors: Sharma Mamta Devi , Mahala Chavi , Basu Mrinmoyee 
Published: January 2019

Abstract2D nanosheets of different metal chalcogenides have attracted potential interest due to their appealing physical and chemical properties. In this present study we have developed a novel approach for the synthesis of 2D sheets of MoS2 following a simple hydrothermal method. Using a simple wet‐chemical route, surface of 2D sheets of MoS2 are modified with AgPd alloy nanoparticles following galvanic exchange technique. Electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of MoS2, MoS2/Ag, and AgPd alloy was checked in a wide range of pH condition. In 0.5 M H2SO4, bare MoS2 nanosheets can generate 10 mA/cm2 current density upon application of only −0.329 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). After successful decoration of Ag nanoparticle, MoS2/Ag shows improved activity compared to bare MoS2 sheets. MoS2/Ag can generate current density 10 mA/cm2 only by applying −0.299 V vs. RHE. Further MoS2/AgPd‐1 can generate 10 mA/cm2 current density upon application of −0.229 V vs. RHE. So, from the result it is clear that the successive inclusion of Pd in place of Ag results in higher electrocatalytic activity. Again, MoS2/AgPd‐2 can generate 10 mA/cm2 current density upon application of only −0.215 V vs. RHE. All the metal and alloy nanoparticle decorated MoS2 show excellent stability in hydrogen evolution reaction. MoS2, MoS2/AgPd‐1 and MoS2/AgPd‐2 can generate unaltered current density up to 30 h.
Benefits of fetal echocardiographic surveillance in pregnancies at risk of congenital heart block: single‐center study of 212 anti‐Ro52‐positive pregnancies
Authors: Sonesson S.‐E. , Ambrosi A. , Wahren‐Herlenius M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesAssuming that autoimmune congenital heart block (CHB) is a progressive disease amenable to therapeutic modulation, we introduced a surveillance program for at‐risk pregnancies with the dual aim of investigating if fetal atrioventricular block (AVB) could be detected and treated before becoming complete and irreversible, and to establish the incidence of AVB I, II and III in a large prospective cohort.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 212 anti‐Ro52 antibody‐exposed pregnancies at risk of fetal AVB that were followed weekly between 18 and 24 weeks' gestation at our tertiary fetal cardiology center from 2000 to 2015. A 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded within 1 week after birth. Fetal Doppler atrioventricular (AV) intervals were converted to Z‐scores using reference standard values derived from normal pregnancies. Each fetus was represented by the average value of the two recordings, obtained at two consecutive visits, which resulted in the longest AV interval. AV interval values were classified into normal AV conduction (Z‐score ≤ 2.0) and three levels of delayed AV conduction: Z‐score > 2.0 and ≤ 3.0, Z‐score > 3.0 and ≤ 4.0, and Z‐score > 4.0.ResultsAVB II or III developed in 6/204 (2.9%) pregnancies without a CHB history and 1/8 (12.5%) of those with a CHB history. AV intervals > 2 and ≤ 3, > 3 and ≤ 4, and > 4 were detected in 16.0%, 7.5% and 2.8% of cases, respectively, and were related to the PR interval on 185 available ECGs. Three of the five cases with AVB III and one of two cases with 2:1 AVB II developed within 1 week of AV interval Z‐score of 1.0, 1.9, 2.8 and 1.9, respectively. Transplacental treatment with betamethasone was associated with restoration of 1:1 AV conduction in the two fetuses with AVB II, with a better long‐term result (normal ECG vs AVB I or II) observed in the case in which treatment was started within 1 week after AVB developed. Betamethasone treatment did not reverse AVB III, although a temporary effect on AV conduction was observed in 1/5 cases. Notably, the three cases in which treatment was started within 1 week after AVB III development responded with a higher ventricular rate than the other two cases and did not require pacemaker implantation until a later age (2–5 years vs 1.5–2 months).ConclusionFetal AV interval is a poor predictor of CHB progression, but CHB surveillance still allows detection of fetuses with AVB II or III shortly after its development, allowing for timely treatment initiation and potentially better outcome. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A phase I study of ontuxizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting endosialin, in Japanese patients with solid tumors
Authors: Doi Toshihiko , Aramaki Takeshi , Yasui Hirofumi , Muro Kei , Ikeda Masafumi , Okusaka Takuji , Inaba Yoshitaka , Nakai Kenya , Ikezawa Hiroki , Nakajima Ryo 
Published: January 2019

Summary
Background We conducted a first-in-Japanese, phase I study of ontuxizumab, a humanized, anti-endosialin monoclonal antibody, to confirm its tolerability, safety, and pharmacokinetics, and identify exploratory efficacy. Methods This was a multicenter, multiple-dose, open-label study in Japanese patients aged ≥20 years with solid tumors, including gastric cancer (GC) or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), who had failed standard chemotherapy. The study comprised two parts: part 1 (dose-escalation; ontuxizumab 2–12 mg/kg weekly) and part 2 (cohort-expansion; 4 or 8 mg/kg weekly, or 12 mg/kg biweekly). Results Fifteen patients were treated in part 1, and 31 in part 2 (16 patients with GC and 15 with HCC). In part 1, the most common treatment-related, treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was fatigue (20%); no patients had grade ≥ 3 treatment-related TEAEs. In part 2, the most common treatment-related TEAEs were constipation, malaise, hiccups, and increased bilirubin; treatment-related grade 3 TEAEs occurred in two patients with HCC. In part 1, no patients achieved a partial response, and 6/15 (40%) had stable disease (SD). In part 2, 2/15 patients (13.3%) with GC and 8/15 (53.3%) with HCC had SD. Tumor shrinkage was observed in 5/15 HCC patients (33.3%). Conclusions Ontuxizumab, up to a dosage of 12 mg/kg weekly, was generally safe and well tolerated in this population, with no dose-limiting toxicities. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached; 8 mg/kg weekly or 12 mg/kg biweekly were the recommended dosages. We observed long-term disease stabilization in GC and extraskeletal chondrosarcoma, and tumor shrinkage in gastrointestinal stromal tumor and HCC. Trial registration: NCT01773434 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Genetische Ursachen und Therapie beim Alport-Syndrom
Authors: Gross Oliver , Hoefele Julia 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Bei der Typ IV Kollagen-Erkrankung Alport-Syndrom (AS) handelt es sich um eine progressive hereditäre Nephropathie. Klinische Zeichen sind zunächst Hämaturie und Proteinurie, im weiteren Verlauf kommt es zu einem terminalen Nierenversagen. Zusätzlich werden extrarenale Manifestationen wie Innenohr-Schwerhörigkeit und Augenveränderungen beobachtet. Man unterscheidet drei Erbgänge: 85 % der Fälle sind X-chromosomal, ca. 10 % autosomal und weniger als 5 % digenisch. Ursächlich sind Varianten in den Kollagen Typ IV-Genen COL4A3, COL4A4 (beide autosomal) und COL4A5 (X-chromosomal). Die Symptomatik heterozygoter Anlageträger wurde früher als benigne familiäre Hämaturie bezeichnet. Da Anlageträger jedoch häufig keinen benignen Verlauf zeigen, werden sie inzwischen auch unter der Diagnose „Alport-Syndrom“ geführt.
Der Humangenetiker hat daher beim AS eine wichtige Lotsenfunktion: Bei früher Diagnose ist das AS inzwischen gut behandelbar, wodurch das terminale Nierenversagen um mehrere Jahre hinausgezögert und damit die Lebenserwartung verbessert werden kann. Aufgrund der Therapiemöglichkeiten sollte die (molekulargenetische) Diagnose bei Betroffenen, auch bei heterozygoten Anlageträgern, frühzeitig gestellt werden.
Mit diesem Artikel sollen die genetischen Ursachen des AS, mögliche genetische Einflussfaktoren auf den variablen Phänotyp, die unterschiedlichen Krankheitsstadien, Komplikationen sowie die derzeit zugelassene Behandlung aufgezeigt werden, um eine bestmögliche lebenslange Betreuung des Patienten zu gewährleisten.
In Situ Coupling Strategy for Anchoring Monodisperse Co9S8 Nanoparticles on S and N Dual-Doped Graphene as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Shao Qi , Liu Jiaqi , Wu Qiong , Li Qiang , Wang Heng-guo , Li Yanhui , Duan Qian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
An in situ coupling strategy to prepare Co9S8/S and N dual-doped graphene composite (Co9S8/NSG) has been proposed. The key point of this strategy is the function-oriented design of organic compounds. Herein, cobalt porphyrin derivatives with sulfo groups are employed as not only the coupling agents to form and anchor Co9S8 on the graphene in situ, but also the heteroatom-doped agent to generate S and N dual-doped graphene. The tight coupling of multiple active sites endows the composite materials with fast electrochemical kinetics and excellent stability for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The obtained electrocatalyst exhibits better activity parameter (ΔE = 0.82 V) and smaller Tafel slope (47.7 mV dec−1 for ORR and 69.2 mV dec−1 for OER) than commercially available Pt/C and RuO2. Most importantly, as electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air battery, Co9S8/NSG displays low charge–discharge voltage gap and outstanding long-term cycle stability over 138 h compared to Pt/C–RuO2. To further broaden its application scope, a homemade all-solid-state Zn–air battery is also prepared, which displays good charge–discharge performance and cycle performance. The function-oriented design of N4-metallomacrocycle derivatives might open new avenues to strategic construction of high-performance and long-life multifunctional electrocatalysts for wider electrochemical energy applications.
Mollusks from the upper Shackleton Limestone (Cambrian Series 2), Central Transantarctic Mountains, East Antarctica
Authors: Claybourn Thomas M. , Jacquet Sarah M. , Skovsted Christian B. , Topper Timothy P. , Holmer Lars E. , Brock Glenn A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn assemblage of Cambrian Series 2, Stages 3–4, conchiferan mollusks from the Shackleton Limestone, Transantarctic Mountains, East Antarctica, is formally described and illustrated. The fauna includes one bivalve, one macromollusk, and 10 micromollusks, including the first description of the speciesXinjispira simplexZhou and Xiao, 1984 outside North China. The new fauna shows some similarity to previously described micromollusks from lower Cambrian glacial erratics from the Antarctic Peninsula. The fauna, mainly composed of steinkerns, is relatively low diversity, but the presence of diagnostic taxa, including helcionelloidDavidonia rostrata(Zhou and Xiao, 1984), bivalvePojetaia runnegariJell, 1980, cambroclavidCambroclavus absonusConway Morris in Bengtson et al., 1990, and bradoriidSpinospitella coronataSkovsted et al., 2006, as well as the botsfordiid brachiopodSchizopholis yorkensis(Ushatinskaya and Holmer in Gravestock et al., 2001), in the overlying Holyoake Formation correlates the succession to theDailyatia odysseiZone (Cambrian Stages 3–4) in South Australia.
Regimes, Social Risks and the Welfare Mix: Unpacking Attitudes to Pensions and Childcare in Germany and the UK Through Deliberative Forums
Authors: TAYLOR-GOOBY PETER , HEUER JAN-OCKO , CHUNG HEEJUNG , LERUTH BENJAMIN , MAU STEFFEN , ZIMMERMANN KATHARINA 
Published: January 2019

AbstractModern welfare regimes rest on a range of actors – state, market, family/households, employers and charities – but austerity programmes diminish the contribution of the state. While changes in this ‘welfare mix’ require support from the population, attitude studies have focused mainly on people’s views on state responsibilities, using welfare regime theory to explain differences. This paper contributes to our understanding of the welfare mix by including other providers such as the market, the family or employers, and also introduces social risk theories, contrasting new and old risks. Regime theory implies differences will persist over time, but risk theory suggests that growing similarities in certain risks may tend to promote international convergence. This article examines attitudes to the roles of state, market, family, charity/community and employer for pension and childcare in Germany and the UK. We collected data using deliberative forums, a new method in social policy research that allows citizens space to pursue extended lightly moderated discussion and permits researchers to analyse people’s justifications for their attitudes. Our research indicated patterns of convergence especially in preferences for childcare, but that regime predominates in people’s justifications for their attitudes: regime differences in attitudes are resilient.
Long-term care system in Taiwan: the 2017 major reform and its challenges
Authors: Yeh Ming-Jui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper reviews the past development of the publicly funded long-term care (LTC) system and aims to advance further discussion of LTC in Taiwan. The Ten-year Long-Term Care Plan 2.0 introduced in 2017 calls for a major reform of a publicly funded LTC system in Taiwan. The reform expands on the previous universal tax-based LTC system, allowing for more comprehensive and accessible subsidies on LTC services. This paper provides a brief overview of the political context of the reform and an introduction to the legal basis, financing and delivery mechanisms of the reform plan. To this end, as a preliminary evaluation, this paper identifies major institutional and socio-cultural tensions that could challenge the implementation of the plan. Institutional tensions include the dominant foreign worker caring model, which relies on approximately 220,000 foreign workers to provide LTC services, and the discontinuity between health and social care governance, which leads to a discontinuity between curative and LTC care. Socio-cultural tensions focus on conflicting values in the allocation of responsibility of care and in the understanding of disability between universal social citizenship in the modern state and traditional Confucian ethics. Policy implications of these tensions for the LTC system are then discussed.
Proteins from male and female reproductive tracts involved in sperm function regulation
Authors: Hernández-Silva Gabriela , Chirinos Mayel 
Published: January 2019

SummarySpermatogenesis is a dynamic process that culminates in the production of mature spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules of sexually mature animals. Although sperm leaving the testis are fully differentiated, they must further undergo two additional maturation steps before acquiring the capability to fertilize the egg. Such processes take place during the epididymal residency and transport in the seminal fluid during ejaculation and, after delivery into the female reproductive tract, during the journey aiming the encountering the egg in the oviduct. Throughout this trip, spermatozoa are exposed to different reproductive fluids whose molecular compositions regulate the progress towards obtaining a fertilized competent cell. This review summarizes the evidence obtained so far supporting the participation of male and female reproductive tract-derived proteins in the modulation of sperm fertilizing ability and discusses the mechanisms by which such regulation may be accomplished.
Cultural modifications of cognitive behavioural treatment of social anxiety among culturally diverse clients: a systematic literature review
Authors: Jankowska Maja 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review to ascertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD) can be successfully used in non-Western contexts and demonstrate sufficient effectiveness. This area is largely under-researched with conflicting evidence presented in quantitative studies, with virtually no qualitative studies published. This review utilized realist review methodology and focused on qualitative case studies presented by clinicians. A systematic search of EBSCO HOST, The Cochrane Library Database, Google, Google Scholar and reference mining, using various combinations of terms relating to: (1) CBT, (2) social anxiety and (3) cultural diversity were employed. Seven case studies of cultural adaptations of CBT treatment for culturally diverse SAD sufferers were included. The treatment outcomes were generally promising in all cases (reporting significant decrease of SAD symptoms, maintained over time) and the success of therapy was often attributed to culturally specific modifications introduced. CBT can be an acceptable and effective treatment for culturally diverse SAD sufferers with ‘modest’ modifications, without major diversions from the original CBT models and protocols, but this finding must be treated with caution and more methodologically rigorous research (qualitative and quantitative) is needed to more fully understand what works, for whom and in what circumstances.
An evidence-based framework to culturally adapt cognitive behaviour therapy
Authors: Rathod Shanaya , Phiri Peter , Naeem Farooq 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in its current form might not be applicable in non-Western cultures. Differences between Western and non-Western cultures have been reported widely. Most psychotherapeutic interventions have been developed in the West and are underpinned by the values that might be specific only to Western culture. To adapt CBT, we need to understand whether the concepts associated with CBT may conflict with cultural beliefs, identifying barriers to the success of the therapy using the views of experts by experience, public and practitioners. This paper discusses the process, foci and framework of cultural adaptation of CBT. We describe an evidence-based framework for adapting CBT for individuals from non-Western cultures that will benefit clinicians who practise CBT and individuals from different cultural backgrounds.
Working with unaccompanied asylum-seeking young people: cultural considerations and acceptability of a cognitive behavioural group approach
Authors: King Dorothy , Said Glorianne 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper outlines a psychological skills group for unaccompanied asylum-seeking young people with a focus on cultural adaptations in the context of a UK mental health service. Unaccompanied asylum-seeking young people have typically experienced multiple losses, traumatic experiences, significant disruption and psychosocial stressors. These experiences occur during a key developmental period and outside of the context of a supportive family environment. Mental health difficulties are estimated to be present in 41–69% of this population. Prevalence rates are higher than among children seeking asylum with their families or children who are not from refugee or asylum-seeking backgrounds. Cognitive behavioural approaches were considered to be applicable and useful when working with this client group. Group approaches may offer unique benefits for this population through peer support and normalization. The group described was planned around three key themes: physical health needs, emotional wellbeing and resilience-building. A number of adaptations were made to meet the needs of this population which included engagement, considering physical health needs, sleep, language needs, issues related to power, race and status, and thinking about the needs of the group as young people. Attendance ratings, session rating scale outcomes, preliminary effectiveness data and qualitative feedback from young people identified that this is an acceptable approach for these young people. Unaccompanied asylum-seeking young people require a broad package of care; however, making adaptations to routine practice allowed access to evidence-based interventions to support mental health and wellbeing.
Combined effects of rainfall regime and plot length on runoff and soil loss in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: LIU Jianbo , GAO Guangyao , WANG Shuai , FU Bojie 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper was to study the interaction effects of rainfall regime and slope length on runoff and soil loss under different land uses. Event runoff and soil loss in forest, shrub and grass were measured in plots with lengths of 5, 9 and 13m in the Loess Plateau from 2008 to 2016. A total of 59 erosive rainfall events were recorded and classified into three rainfall regimes. Firstly, the results showed that the runoff coefficient was grass>shrub>forest, and soil loss was grass>forest>shrub, but the differences between forest and shrub in runoff and between grass and forest in soil loss did not reach significant levels. Secondly, rainfall regimes had an important effect on runoff and soil loss under different land uses. The lowest runoff coefficients and the highest soil loss in regime 2 were found in shrub and forest land, respectively, which differed from that of regime 1. In total, rainfall regime 1 had the highest runoff coefficient of 0.84–2.06%, followed by regime 3 with 0.33–0.88% and regime 2 with 0.04–0.06%. Soil loss in forest and grass land had a different order of regime 3>regime 1>regime 2. Thirdly, both the runoff coefficient and soil loss decreased with increasing plot length, while the effect of slope length on runoff/soil loss were influenced by land use type and rainfall regimes.
Relative importance of urban and non-urban land-use types for potential denitrification derived N2O: insights from a regional study
Authors: XU Hui-Juan , DELGADO-BAQUERIZO Manuel , PAN Fu-Xia , AN Xin-Li , SINGH Brajesh K. , KHAN Sardar , LI Gang , TANG Jian-Feng , ZHAO Xiao-Feng , YAO Huai-Ying , ZHU Yong-Guan 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIdentifying the relative importance of urban and non-urban land-use types for potential denitrification derived N2O at a regional scale is critical for quantifying the impacts of human activities on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission under changing environments. In this study we used a regional dataset from China including 197 soil samples and six land-use types to evaluate the main predictors (land use, heavy metals, soil pH, soil moisture, substrate availability, functional and broad microbial abundances) of potential denitrification using multivariate and pathway analysis. Our results provide empirical evidence that soils on farms have the greatest potential denitrifying ability (PDA) (10.92±6.08ng N2O-N·g–1 dry soil·min–1) followed by urban soil (6.80±5.35ng N2O-N·g–1 dry soil·min–1). Our models indicate that land use (low vs. high human activity), followed by total nitrogen (TN) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) was the most important driver of PDA. In addition, our path analysis suggests that at least part of the impacts of land use on potential denitrification were mediated via microbial abundance, soil pH and substrates including TN, dissolved organic carbon and nitrate. This study identifies the main predictors of denitrification at a regional scale which is needed to quantify the impact of human activities on ecosystem functionality under changing conditions.