bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐casting experience and risk along rocky coasts: A relational analysis using qualitative GIS
Authors: Kamstra Peter , Cook Brian , Edensor Tim , Kennedy David M. 
Published: September 2018

This study invites readers to experience risk on Australia’s hazardous rocky coasts with the rock fishing community. In the paper, we offer an understanding of risk that is relational, a process that emerges within human–environment interactions in a dynamic coastal space that is constantly changing. Exploring the in situ and ongoing sensory attunement of the fishers, we contend, expands upon the quantitative understandings that tend to be deployed by risk managers, offering an innovative approach to conceptualising risk. In identifying how fishers perceive and experience a rocky coastal location in Sydney, Australia, we track rock fishers’ movements using global positioning systems (GPS), undertake participant observation, and draw on video footage, semi‐structured interviews and participatory sketch maps. In doing so, fishers’ perceptions of socio‐environmental stimuli were spatially represented in a GIS, with sketch mapping being the proxy and/or the window into perception–environment relations that produce risk. We contend that the findings show that experienced fishers are more capable of anticipating and reacting to hazardous situations “safely” because they are more attuned to how changing coastal conditions affect risk. This study draws attention to the spatial and temporal phenomena that drive risk perceptions as well as the implications for future perception‐oriented research that adopt a relational understanding.
Laser Ablation In Situ Silicon Stable Isotope Analysis of Phytoliths
Authors: Frick Daniel A. , Schuessler Jan A. , Sommer Michael , von Blanckenburg Friedhelm 
Published: September 2018

Silicon is a beneficial element for many plants and is deposited in plant tissue as amorphous bio‐opal called phytoliths. The biochemical processes of silicon uptake and precipitation induce isotope fractionation: the mass‐dependent shift in the relative abundances of the stable isotopes of silicon. At the bulk scale, δ30Si ratios span from −2 to +6‰. To further constrain these variations in situ, at the scale of individual phytolith fragments, we used femtosecond laser ablation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (fsLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS). A variety of phytoliths from grasses, trees and ferns were prepared from plant tissue or extracted from soil. Good agreement between phytolith δ30Si ratios obtained by bulk solution MC‐ICP‐MS analysis and in situ isotope ratios from fsLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS validates the method. Bulk solution analyses result in at least twofold better precision for δ30Si (2s on reference materials ≤ 0.11‰) over that found for the means of in situ analyses (2s typically ≤ 0.24‰). We find that bushgrass, common reed and horsetail show large internal variations up to 2‰ in δ30Si, reflecting the various pathways of silicon from soil to deposition. Femtosecond laser ablation provides a means to identify the underlying processes involved in the formation of phytoliths using silicon isotope ratios.
A rational asymmetric hollow fiber membrane for oxygen permeation
Authors: Ren Chunlei , Gan Yun , Yang Chunyang , Lee Myongjin , Xue Xingjian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA typical oxygen permeation hollow fiber membrane fabricated by phase inversion‐based extrusion process demonstrates heterogeneous porous microstructures, in which the surface layer with relatively low porosity is used as a separation layer after sintering. It is usually not convenient to control the thickness of separation layer. And a high sintering temperature is needed to densify the separation layer, which in turn could destroy the desired porous microstructures in other portion. This paper studies a novel process to fabricate multilayer asymmetric hollow fiber membrane with a rational design using 67 vol. % Gd0.2Ce0.8O2−δ−33 vol. % La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (GDC‐LSCF) as a model material system. The phase inversion‐based extrusion process in open literature is employed to fabricate a hollow fiber substrate featuring radially well‐aligned microchannels open at the inner surface. Built upon the hollow fiber substrate, a thin dense separation layer and porous surface catalyst layer at shell side are then fabricated through dip‐coating and sintering process alternatively. The oxygen permeation flux of the fabricated hollow fiber membrane reaches 2.68 mL/cm2/min at 900°C under Ar/air gradient, the highest performance of the membranes with GDC‐LSCF material system in open literature. The innovative fabrication process is able to readily control the thickness of functional layers while decreasing sintering temperatures.
Effect of alumina fiber content on pore structure and properties of porous ceramics
Authors: Lang Ying , Zhao Lin , Dai Xin , Wang Chang‐An 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPorous Al2O3 ceramics with different contents of alumina fibers were prepared by gel‐casting process. The effects of Al2O3 fiber content on pore size distribution, porosity, compressive strength, and load‐displacement behavior of the ceramic materials were investigated. Initial results showed that with the increase of Al2O3 fiber content, the pore size and porosity of the material is increased, and the compressive strength is decreased. However, upon increasing the fiber content from 50 wt% to 67 wt%, the performance of the samples changed greatly. The compressive strength of the material increased, while the porosity remained unchanged, the pore size increased greatly, and the shape of the load displacement curve changed. It showed that when the fiber content increased from 50 wt% to 67 wt%, the loading body in the fiber‐reinforced porous ceramics changed from particles to fibers.
The effect of ZrO2 alloying on the microstructures and thermal properties of DyTaO4 for high‐temperature application
Authors: Wu Peng , Hu Mingyu , Chen Lin , Wu Fushuo , Chong Xiaoyu , Feng Jing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHigh fracture toughness of 8 YSZ (8 wt% yttria‐stabilized zirconia) is linked to its ferroelastic toughening mechanism. In this work, the similar ferroelastic domain is detected in monoclinic Dy1−xTa1−xZr2xO4 ceramics, which derives from the ferroelastic transformation between the high‐temperature tetragonal (t) and low‐temperature monoclinic (m) phase. The lowest thermal conductivity of Dy1−xTa1−xZr2xO4 ceramics is reduced by 30% compared with 8 YSZ, and the largest thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) is up to 11 × 10−6 K−1 at 1200°C, which is comparable to that of 8 YSZ. Notably, the systematic investigations containing phase, microstructure, thermophysical properties of Dy1−xTa1−xZr2xO4 ceramics will provide guidance for its high‐temperature application, especially as thermal barrier coatings.
ZnO‐based single crystal‐polycrystal structures for piezotronic applications
Authors: Keil Peter , Gehringer Maximilian , Frömling Till , Novak Nikola , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElectrostatic potential barriers at doped ZnO‐ZnO interfaces can be modified by stress‐induced polarization charges. This concept was enhanced by preparing ZnO‐based single crystal‐polycrystal‐single crystal structures by diffusion bonding. Increasing time for epitaxial solid‐state transformation results in structures with a decreasing thickness of residual polycrystalline material in between two well‐oriented single crystals. Microstructural and electrical analysis quantifies the influence of high‐temperature treatment during epitaxial growth on the stress sensitivity of the prepared structures. The orientation of the single crystals is defined to maximize the interaction between stress‐induced polarization charges and the potential barriers at doped ZnO‐ZnO interfaces. With decreasing thickness of residual polycrystalline material, the percentage of grain boundaries with favorably aligned polarization vectors is increased resulting in a higher stress sensitivity. This effect is compensated by an adverse effect of the high‐temperature treatment on the initial potential barrier height. Hence, a maximum in stress sensitivity can be observed for intermediate times of epitaxial growth. The prepared structures close the gap between the varistor piezotronics based on bulk ceramics with random orientation of the polarization vector and the bicrystal piezotronics with perfect orientation of the polarization vector, demonstrating the capability of microstructural engineering for varistor‐based piezotronic devices.
Struggling with Meaningfulness when Context Shifts: Volunteer Work in a German Refugee Shelter
Authors: Florian Mona , Costas Jana , Kärreman Dan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article draws on an ethnographic study of volunteer work in a German refugee shelter to explore how individual experiences of meaningfulness are intertwined with shifting discursive and organisational contexts. At the beginning of the so‐called refugee crisis, societal discourses portrayed this volunteer work as extraordinarily meaningful – a state we capture through the metaphor of ‘overflow’. This ‘overflow’ mobilised volunteers and was an important point of reference for framing their work experiences as meaningful. Later, shifting discursive and organisational contexts challenged their framings. Instead of letting go, however, the ‘overflow’ triggered volunteers to reframe their experience in dysfunctional ways in order to sustain their sense of meaningfulness. This paper reveals how shifting societal discourses feed into individual experiences of meaningfulness, shows how individuals may respond to such shifts in problematic ways and theorises the nature of such shifts in drawing on Swidler’s notion of settling contexts.
Demographic factors in the choice of coronal restoration after root canal treatment in the Swedish adult population
Authors: Olsson Sara R. , Pigg Maria , Isberg Per‐Erik ,   EndoReCo, Fransson Helena 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundAfter root canal treatment, a choice is made between different coronal restorations which in the long run could affect the survival of the tooth.ObjectiveTo compare demographic characteristics between individuals choosing an indirect coronal restoration (crown, inlay/onlay) and individuals choosing other restorations after completion of a root filling.MethodsThe cohort consisted of all root‐filled upper first molars that were reported to the tax‐funded Swedish Social Insurance Agency (SSIA) during 2009. After registration of the root filling, any subsequent coronal restorations within 2 years were identified. The crown group consisted of individuals registered with an indirect coronal restoration and the restoration group was the remaining individuals with a direct coronal restoration or lacking registration. Demographic data (gender, disposable income, age, educational level, civil status and country of birth) were received from Statistics Sweden or the SSIA. Statistical analyses included chi‐square test, t test and logistic regression analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAn indirect coronal restoration was received by 7806 individuals (21.9%), and 27 886 individuals (78.1%) received a direct restoration. All demographic variables except gender differed significantly between groups. Logistic regression analysis found significant associations for all demographic variables and the registration of an indirect restoration except for country of birth and gender.ConclusionsThe identified demographic differences between individuals choosing to restore their newly root‐filled teeth with an indirect restoration compared to those receiving other restorations may indicate that the tax‐funded Swedish dental insurance fails to provide dental care on equal terms for Swedish citizens.
Laudato Si’: Integral Ecology and Preferential Option for the Poor
Authors: Martins Alexandre A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis essay examines Pope Francis’s encyclical Laudato si’ from a Latin American perspective and its reception in this part of the world, especially in Brazil. It focuses on two aspects of Laudato si’: its dialogical approach, and the connection it makes between ecological issues and poverty. These two aspects allow us to understand Francis’s proposal of integral ecology and how the preferential option for the poor becomes central to his perspective. In addition, this essay explains how Latin American theology and pastoral experience are present in Pope Francis’s thought.
The Mysterious Silence of Mother Earth in Laudato Si'
Authors: Jenkins Willis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLaudato si' attempts simultaneously to disrupt prevailing global environmental discourse and to reorient central concepts in Catholic moral tradition by requalifying the meaning of dominion and by ecologically expanding human dignity. The image of Earth crying out to humans from within a kinship relation plays a central role in both arguments. However, the political consequences of those shifts remain vague because the “voice” of Earth remains silent in crucial loci of the encyclical's argument.
The Destiny of Creation: Theological Ethical Reflections on Laudato Si'
Authors: Schweiker William 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this essay, I ask what the precise relation is between Laudato si's theology and its claims about our individual and corporate responsibility for the environment and the plight of the poor. To do so, I first clarify the relationship between the theological claims and its account of moral norms, situating the text within the history of western ethical theory. I then turn to reconstruct the submerged theology of the encyclical, focusing on Pope Francis's accounts of the techno‐economic paradigm and the possibility of an “integral ecology” paradigm. I end by assessing the text in terms of the coherence and plausibility of its argument as an ethical and theological statement.
Reframing the Catholic Understanding of Just War: Two Contrasting Approaches in the Interwar Period
Authors: Reichberg Gregory M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuring the inter war period, European Catholic authors exhibited two different approaches to the question of just war. One approach was articulated at the “Fribourg Conventus,” a 1931 meeting of French, Swiss, and German theologians, whose subsequent declaration (Conventus de bello, published in 1932) called for a reformulation of Catholic teaching based on the premise that the traditional just‐war doctrine had been superseded by developments in international law. A competing approach was articulated by the Dutch Jesuit Robert Regout, who maintained that the just‐war doctrine could contribute to the formation of international law by providing a much‐needed normative foundation for the use of armed force by individual states in redress of their violated rights. After presenting these two approaches and explaining how they differ, this essay shows how the outlook of theConventusde bellois reflected in subsequent papal statements on armed force—to the detriment of the traditional terminology of just war.
Oh God, that's an ugly looking fish – negotiating sociocultural distance in transnational families through culinary othering
Authors: Wilczek‐Watson Marta 
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a qualitative discourse analysis of food‐related interactions in four U.K.‐based Polish–British families. The data include the families’ video‐recorded celebratory meals and audio‐recorded interviews. The analysis explores how food talk projects ‘stance’ (Du Bois ) – that is, how it indexes the speakers’ positioning towards their sociocultural field, thus shaping their identities. The data reveal that, as the speakers negotiate their stances in the culinary context, they recurrently ‘other’ their interlocutors’ foodscapes – represent them as different, abnormal and/or inferior. This othering could be interpreted as distancing from other speakers. However, the analysis shows that by humorously highlighting differences between their culinaro‐celebratory repertoires, the family members also reaffirm their sharedness. The speakers’ discursive collaboration during their difference talk demonstrates how othering can be unifying in these transnational families, the potential of which is understudied in face‐to‐face interactions and in the context of food.
Melatonin protects embryonic development and maintains sleep/wake behaviors from the deleterious effects of fluorene‐9‐bisphenol in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Mi Ping , Zhang Qiu‐Ping , Li Shi‐Bao , Liu Xing‐Yu , Zhang Shu‐Hui , Li Meng , Chen Dong‐Yan , Zhao Xin , Feng Dao‐Fu , Feng Xi‐Zeng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEnvironmental endocrine chemicals have various adverse effects on the development of vertebrates. Fluorene‐9‐bisphenol (BHPF), a substitute of bisphenol A (BPA), is widely used in commercial production. The effects of BHPF on development and behavior are unclear. Melatonin plays a protective role under many unfavorable conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of BHPF on the development and behaviors of zebrafish and whether melatonin reverses effects induced by BHPF. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.1, 10, or 1000 nmol/L BHPF with or without 1 μmol/L melatonin from 2 hours postfertilization to 6 days postfertilization. The results showed that 0.1 and 10 nmol/L BHPF had little effect on development. High‐dose BHPF (1000 nmol/L) delayed the development, increased mortality and surface tension of embryonic chorions, caused aberrant expression of the key genes (ntl, shh, krox20, pax2, cmlc2) in early development detected by in situ hybridization, and damaged the CaP motor neurons, which were associated with locomotion ability detected by immunofluorescence. Melatonin addition reversed or weakened these adverse effects of BHPF on development, and melatonin alone increased surface tension as the effects of high‐dose BHPF. However, all groups of BHPF exposure triggered insomnia‐like behaviors, with increased waking activity and decreased rest behaviors. BHPF acted on the hypocretin (hcrt) system and upregulated the expression of sleep/wake regulators such as hcrt, hcrt receptor (hcrtr), arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase‐2 (aanat2). Melatonin recovered the alternation of sleep/wake behaviors induced by BHPF and restored abnormal gene expression to normal levels. This study showed that high‐dose BHPF had adverse effects on early development and induced behavioral alternations. However, melatonin prevented BHPF‐induced aberrant development and sleep/wake behaviors.
t(6;9)(MYB‐NFIB) in head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: de Almeida‐Pinto Yasmin Dias , Costa Sara Ferreira dos Santos , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto , Altemani Albina , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Fonseca Felipe Paiva 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe presence of a translocation involving MYB and NFIB genes have been described in adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) from different anatomical regions. However, the exact frequency of this genetic event and its prognostic impact for patient survival remain obscure. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review to address the prevalence and the prognostic potential of t(6;9)(MYB‐NFIB) in head and neck AdCC. Quantitative analysis was done to determine the prevalence of the translocation. A total of 1,107 articles were initially retrieved with 36 remaining for data extraction. The prevalence of t(6;9)(MYB‐NFIB) varied significantly (16%–100%), especially due to methodological heterogeneity among studies. A total of 11 studies attempted to determine the prognostic importance of the translocation, but no study found any significant association with survival rates; only three studies observed a significant association with age, sex, tumour location and the presence of recurrences and metastases. The prevalence of t(6;9)(MYB‐NFIB) in head and neck AdCC varies according to the laboratorial methods used, and the best evidence available demonstrates that t(6;9)(MYB‐NFIB) does not seem to be a prognostic determinant.
Prediction of Acute Postoperative Pain from Assessment of Pain Associated With Venous Cannulation
Authors: Persson Anna K. M. , Åkeson Jonas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt has previously been reported that venous cannulation‐induced pain (VCP) can be used to predict acute postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients rating VCP at ≥2.0 VAS units had 3.4 times higher risk for moderate or severe pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if VCP scores of ≥2.0 VAS units are associated with higher risk for acute postoperative pain after various common surgical procedures.MethodsIn a prospective clinical observational study, 600 male and female 18‐ to 80‐year‐old patients scheduled for elective surgery were included. The primary outcome measure was the difference in maximum postoperative pain intensity between low responders (VCP < 2.0) and high responders (VCP ≥ 2.0) to VCP. Secondary outcome measures were the difference in proportion of patients with moderate or severe postoperative pain between low and high responders, and potential influence of age, gender, and preoperative habitual pain.ResultsPatients scoring VCP ≥2.0 VAS units reported higher acute postoperative pain intensity levels than those scoring VCP <2.0 VAS units (median 3.0 [interquartile range 0.0 to 5.0] vs. 0.2 [interquartile range 0.0 to 4.0], P = 0.001), and also had 1.7 times higher risk for moderate or severe postoperative pain (P = 0.005). Moderate or severe postoperative pain was reported by 38% of patients with VCP scores of ≥2.0 VAS units and by 26% with VCP scores of <2.0 VAS units (P = 0.005).ConclusionScoring of VCP intensity before surgery, requiring no specific equipment or training, is useful to predict individual risks for moderate or severe postoperative pain, regardless of patient age or gender, in a setting involving different kinds of surgery.
An Internet‐Based Survey to Assess Clinicians’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Opioid‐Induced Hypogonadism
Authors: Hochberg Uri , Ojeda Antonio , Brill Silviu , Perez Jordi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term opioid therapy for chronic pain management requires regularly assessing and documenting benefits and side effects. Opioid‐induced sex hormone disturbances are a complication that needs to be assessed routinely and perhaps not only when suspected. There is abundant literature about its prevalence, clinical consequences, and treatment, yet routine hormone screening and appropriate treatment are seldom performed in pain clinics. Ignorance, skepticism, and/or indifference are possible reasons explaining why opioid‐induced hypogonadism (OIH) remains underdiagnosed among chronic pain patients.MethodsThis was an Internet‐based survey reaching out to pain clinicians to assess their knowledge and attitudes regarding OIH.ResultsA total of 135 responses were received, representing a 23.7% response rate. Analysis of responses showed that 47% of responders were somewhat familiar with this complication, but their knowledge about the prevalence and the time to develop varied. Screening for OIH is ordered based on suspicion of its presence (50%), but not routinely (38%). Lack of knowledge was the most frequent reason adduced for not screening for OIH. Sex‐related symptoms and signs are the most relevant reasons leading to suspicion and screening of OIH. Upon laboratory confirmation, most responders refer their patients to endocrinology (82%) for further management since most (60%) believe that testosterone replacement would improve their patients’ health.ConclusionsKnowledge and attitudes towards OIH varied among this population of pain clinicians invited to participate in the research. Lack of knowledge and incertitude seem to impact the attitudes towards screening and treating OIH. Better medical training at undergraduate and postgraduate levels as well as continuous medical education may contribute to raising awareness about this complication and providing early treatment.