bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
US Ethnic Group Differences in Family Member Support for People With Diabetes in the 2nd Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) Study
Authors: Peyrot Mark , Egede Leonard , Funnell Martha , Hsu William , Ruggiero Laurie , Stuckey Heather 
Published: May 2018

Purpose The purpose of the study was to describe the perceptions of family members (FM) and people with diabetes (PWD) regarding the frequency and helpfulness of FM support for PWD, including differences among US ethnic groups. Methods The US 2nd Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) substudy was a survey of independent samples of 238 adult FM and 540 adult PWD. Outcome measures included ratings by FM and PWD of the frequency and perceived helpfulness of 7 FM support behaviors and composite scores for frequency and helpfulness. Results Ratings of individual FM support behaviors were strongly correlated between FM and PWD but significantly different among behaviors. FM and PWD reported most frequent support for listening, assisting, and doing activities with PWD and reporting PWD was doing poorly least frequently. Both groups reported listening, assisting, and reporting PWD was doing well as most helpful; reporting PWD was doing poorly was least helpful. PWD rated support and helpfulness of most behaviors lower than FM. Composite measures of support frequency and helpfulness were strongly correlated for both FM and PWD. Ethnic minority PWD and FM reported most support behaviors as more frequent and more helpful than non-Hispanic white Americans. Conclusions FM more frequently engage in the support behaviors they view as most helpful, but PWD perceive support to be less frequent and less helpful than FM. FM support differs across ethnic groups, with ethnic minorities reporting higher support frequency and helpfulness. Diabetes care providers should consider ethnic group differences in FM support for PWD.
Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Rates, Reasons, and Risk Factors for 30‐Day Unplanned Readmission
Authors: Ghiam Michael K. , Langerman Alexander , Sargi Zoukaa , Rohde Sarah 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo analyze rates, risk factors, and complications for 30‐day readmission among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients.MethodsRetrospective review of administrative records from Vizient (Irving, Texas) Clinical Data Base/Resource Manager on HNC patients who underwent a head and neck surgical procedure from January 2013 through September 2015 at 176 academic and community medical centers.ResultsOf the 18,121 patients included in the study, 2502 patients were readmitted within 30 days (13.8%). Mean time to readmission was 11 ± 8.2 days. Cancer of the hypopharynx, oropharynx, pharynx, and larynx all had higher odds of readmission compared to oral cavity (odds ratio [OR], 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, and 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4‐2.2, 1.4‐1.9, 1.2‐2.3, and 1.3‐1.7, respectively). Consistent with this, flap procedures and laryngectomy had the highest odds of readmission (OR, 1.4 and 1.3; 95% CI, 1.3‐1.6 and 1.0‐1.5 vs glossectomy, respectively). The most common surgical causes for readmission were postoperative infection (17.6%) and surgical wound dehiscence (16.8%), which most commonly presented on postdischarge days 4 to 5. Acute cardiac events occurred in up to 15.4% of patients depending on complexity of surgery. Dysphagia and electrolyte disturbances were common (15.8% and 15.4%, respectively); patients with these complications typically presented earlier, between days 3 and 4.DiscussionPatients with HNC are at high risk of readmission. The cancer subsite and procedure significantly influenced the risk, rate, and reason for readmission.Implications for PracticeFindings from this study can help quality improvement and patient safety administrators develop interventions that uniquely target HNC populations.
Characteristics of Nasal Septal Cartilage–Derived Progenitor Cells during Prolonged Cultivation
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Lim Jung Yeon , Kim Sung Won , Lee WeonSun , Park Sang Hi , Kwon Mi Yeon , Park Sun Hwa , Lim Mi Hyun , Back Sang A , Yun Byeong Gon , Jeun Jung Ho , Hwang Se Hwan 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo produce alternate cell sources for tissue regeneration, human nasal septal cartilage–derived progenitor cells (NSPs) were tested to identify whether these cells meet the criteria of cartilage progenitor cells. We also evaluated the effects of prolonged cultivation on the characteristics of NSPs.Study DesignIn vitro study.SettingAcademic research laboratory.MethodsNSPs were isolated from discarded human nasal septal cartilage. NSPs were cultured for 10 passages. The expression of septal progenitor cell surface markers was assessed by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Cell proliferation was measured with a cell‐counting kit. Cytokine secretion was analyzed with multiplex immunoassays. Chondrogenic differentiation of NSPs without differentiation induction was analyzed with type II collagen immunohistochemistry. Cartilage‐specific protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting. Under osteo‐ and adipodifferentiation media, 2 lineage differentiation potentials were evaluated by histology and gene expression analysis.ResultsSurface epitope analysis revealed that NSPs are positive for mesenchymal stem cells markers and negative for hematopoietic cell markers. Cultured NSPs showed sufficient cell expansion and chondrogenic potential, as demonstrated by immunostaining and expression of cartilage‐specific protein. IL‐6, IL‐8, and transforming growth factor ß were secreted by over 200 pg/mL. The osteo‐ and adipodifferentiation potentials of NSPs were identified by histology and specific gene expression. The aforementioned characteristics were not influenced by prolonged cultivation.ConclusionNSPs represent an initial step toward creating a cell source from surgically discarded tissue that may prove useful in cartilage regeneration.
The efficacy comparison of citalopram, fluoxetine, and placebo on motor recovery after ischemic stroke: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial
Authors: Asadollahi Marjan , Ramezani Mahtab , Khanmoradi Ziba , Karimialavijeh Ehsan 
Published: May 2018

Objective: The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of oral citalopram, compared with fluoxetine and a placebo, in patients with post-stroke motor disabilities. Design: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted between January 2015 and January 2016. Setting: The neurology department of a university-affiliated urban hospital in Tehran, Iran. Subjects: Ninety adult patients with acute ischemic stroke, hemiplegia, or hemiparesis and a Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale score of below 55 were included. Interventions: Participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups: Group A received 20 mg PO of fluoxetine daily, Group B received 20 mg PO of citalopram daily, and Group C received a placebo PO The duration of the therapy was 90 days. In addition to the medications, all of the participants received physiotherapy. Main measures: Functional status at 90 days, which was measured by the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale score. Results: The initial mean (SD) Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale scores for the placebo, fluoxetine, and citalopram groups were 18.2 (11.42), 20.08 (14.53), and 17.07 (14.92), respectively. After 90 days, the scores were 27.96 (18.71) for the placebo group, 52.42 (26.24) for the fluoxetine group, and 50.89 (27.17) for the citalopram group. Compared with the placebo group, the mean Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale scores showed significant increases in the fluoxetine and citalopram groups ( P = 0.001). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between citalopram and fluoxetine in facilitating post-stroke motor recovery in ischemic stroke patients. However, compared with a placebo, both drugs improved post-stroke motor function.
The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with group exercise treatment in subjects with chronic low back pain: a pilot randomized control trial
Authors: Straudi Sofia , Buja Sergio , Baroni Andrea , Pavarelli Claudia , Pranovi Giulia , Fregni Felipe , Basaglia Nino 
Published: May 2018

Objective:To test the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in addition to group exercise on non-specific chronic low back pain.Design:Double-blinded randomized control trial.Subjects:Patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.Methods:A total of 35 subjects were recruited and allocated to real- or sham-tDCS followed by a group exercise protocol. Each patient underwent five sessions of brain stimulation followed by 10 sessions of group exercise. Subjects were evaluated before and after tDCS, after group exercise and one month after the combined treatment. Outcome measures were Visual Analog Scale for pain intensity, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, EuroQuol-5 Dimension and Patient Health Questionnaire-9.Results:Significant between-group difference in pain intensity (−27.7 ± 30.4 mm in real-tDCS group compared to −2.2 ± 30.1 mm in sham-tDCS group) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (−4.9 ± 4.2 in real-tDCS group compared to −1.1 ± 2.7 in sham-tDCS group) was found one month after the combined treatment ( P < 0.05).Conclusion:Our results showed that real-tDCS can induce significant larger effects on pain and psychological well-being, compared to sham-tDCS, when it is associated with a group exercise program. The effects were observed mostly in the follow-up.
Effects of lorazepam on saccadic eye movements: the role of sex, task characteristics and baseline traits
Authors: Ettinger Ulrich , Meyhöfer Inga , Mehta Mitul A , Kumari Veena , Corr Philip J , Williams Steven CR , Perkins Adam M 
Published: May 2018

Background: Saccadic eye movements are controlled by a network of parietal, frontal, striatal, cerebellar and brainstem regions. The saccadic peak velocity is an established biomarker of benzodiazepine effects, with benzodiazepines reliably reducing the peak velocity. Aims: In this study, we aimed to replicate the effects of benzodiazepines on peak velocity and we investigated effects on previously less studied measures of saccades. We also explored the roles of sex, task characteristics and the baseline variables age, intelligence and trait anxiety in these effects. Method: Healthy adults ( N = 34) performed a horizontal step prosaccade task under 1 mg lorazepam, 2 mg lorazepam and placebo in a double-blind, within-subjects design. Results: We replicated the dose-dependent reduction in peak velocity with lorazepam and showed that this effect is stronger for saccades to targets at smaller eccentricities. We also demonstrated that this effect is independent of sex and other baseline variables. Lorazepam effects were widespread, however, occurring on mean and variability measures of most saccadic variables. Additionally, there were sex-dependent lorazepam effects on spatial consistency of saccades, indicating more adverse effects in females. Conclusions: We conclude that saccadic peak velocity is a sensitive and robust biomarker of benzodiazepine effects. However, lorazepam has pronounced effects also on other parameters of horizontal saccades. Sex-dependent drug effects on spatial consistency may reflect cerebellar mechanisms, given the role of the cerebellum in saccadic spatial accuracy.
L’effet du nombre d’images d’ingrédients sur l’évaluation de l’emballage et le choix du produit
Authors: Thomas Fanny , Capelli Sonia 
Published: May 2018

Résumé Dans le contexte très concurrentiel du marché des produits alimentaires, les consommateurs peuvent rencontrer des difficultés à traiter en profondeur les informations présentées sur un emballage. Cette recherche examine comment le nombre d’ingrédients représentés sur un emballage, outre la représentation du produit entier, influence son efficacité en fonction de la motivation du consommateur (via la faim), de son opportunité (via la charge cognitive) et de sa capacité (via le besoin de cognition : Need For Cognition –NFC) à traiter l’information. Trois études démontrent que, sous charge cognitive élevée, les emballages présentant plusieurs ingrédients induisent plus d’imagerie mentale gustative, ce qui accroît l’intention d’achat et améliore l’évaluation du goût du produit. Pour les consommateurs à NFC élevé (vs. faible), sous forte charge cognitive, l’emballage qui n’illustre pas d’ingrédient (vs. 5 ingrédients) est préféré lorsque les consommateurs sont motivés par la faim. Sous faible charge cognitive et quel que soit le NFC, l’information est traitée de façon centrale et l’évaluation ne dépend pas du nombre d’images d’ingrédients représentées.
The Influence of Spinal Cord Injury on Breastfeeding Ability and Behavior
Authors: Holmgren Theodor , Lee Amanda H. X. , Hocaloski Shea , Hamilton Lynsey J. , Hellsing Iris , Elliott Stacy , Hultling Claes , Krassioukov Andrei V. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Lactation dysfunction following spinal cord injury has been noted in the literature. However, researchers have often grouped together all women of physical disability or do not account for injury level. The extent of lactation dysfunction and influence of spinal cord injury on breastfeeding ability and behavior is not well understood. Research aim: This study aimed to identify major barriers to lactation and breastfeeding related to spinal cord injury, specifically comparing high- and low-level injuries. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional survey design was used. Two online questionnaires were developed and completed by women ( N = 52) who chose to breastfeed with spinal cord injury, primarily in Canada and Sweden. Results: The first questionnaire was completed by 52 women with spinal cord injury; 38 of the original 52 participants completed the second questionnaire. Of the 52 women, 28 (53.8%) had high-level spinal cord injury (at or above T6) and 24 (46.1%) had low-level injury (below T6). On the second questionnaire, 14 (77.8%) women with high-level injury reported insufficient milk production or ejection. Only 35% of women ( n = 7) with low-level injury reported the same. Autonomic dysreflexia was experienced by 38.9% of women ( n = 7) with high-level injury. Exclusive breastfeeding duration was significantly shorter ( p < .05) in the high-level injury group (3.3 months) compared with women with low-level injury (6.5 months). Conclusion: These results further support the notion that spinal cord injury (particularly at or above T6) disrupts lactation and is associated with shorter breastfeeding duration. Autonomic dysreflexia should be addressed in prospective mothers with high-level spinal cord injury.
Utilizing Clinical Pharmacist Specialist to Manage Hepatitis C Virus Patients on Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Mikolas Lena A. , Jacques Kimberly , Huq Mostaqul , Krasner Charles , Mambourg Scott E. 
Published: May 2018

Objectives: To evaluate outcomes of a clinical pharmacist specialist (CPS)-managed hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment clinic (HCVTC) in treating HCV-infected veterans with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Methods: We established a CPS-managed HCVTC under a collaborative practice agreement with our infectious disease physician (IDP). A total of 132 veterans were treated between November 1, 2014, and November 30, 2015. The CPS engaged in pretreatment screening, drug selection, patient education, medication counseling, drug therapy monitoring, drug utilization review, addressing issues on drug adherence, and routine and posttreatment follow-up of patients to assess sustained virologic response (SVR) after 12 weeks of treatment. Results: Of 132 patients managed by the CPS, 87 (66%) were treated with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF), 29 (22%) with paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir + dasabuvir (PrOD), and 16 (12%) with sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimen. The corresponding regimens demonstrated a SVR rate of 92% (n = 80), 100% (n = 29), and 93.8% (n = 15), respectively. We achieved an SVR rate of 94% against HCV genotype 1 (GT-1) and 100% against GT-2 to GT-4. The overall SVR rate was 94% across regimens, showing 93% in treatment-naive patients and 96% in treatment-experienced patients, and 93% in noncirrhotic and 94% in compensated cirrhotic patients. The results were comparable to SVR data reported in pivotal trials for DAAs. Conclusion: The results suggest that CPS could be effectively utilized in drug therapy management of HCV-infected patients treated with DAAs.
Opportunity to discuss ethical issues during clinical learning experience
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Gonella Silvia , Destrebecq Anne , Mansutti Irene , Terzoni Stefano , Morsanutto Michela , Altini Pietro , Bevilacqua Anita , Brugnolli Anna , Canzan Federica , Ponte Adriana Dal , De Biasio Laura , Fascì Adriana , Grosso Silvia , Mantovan Franco , Marognolli Oliva , Nicotera Raffaela , Randon Giulia , Tollini Morena , Saiani Luisa , Grassetti Luca , Dimonte Valerio 
Published: May 2018

Background: Undergraduate nursing students have been documented to experience ethical distress during their clinical training and felt poorly supported in discussing the ethical issues they encountered. Research aims: This study was aimed at exploring nursing students’ perceived opportunity to discuss ethical issues that emerged during their clinical learning experience and associated factors. Research design: An Italian national cross-sectional study design was performed in 2015–2016. Participants were invited to answer a questionnaire composed of four sections regarding: (1) socio-demographic data, (2) previous clinical learning experiences, (3) current clinical learning experience quality and outcomes, and (4) the opportunity to discuss ethical issues with nurses in the last clinical learning experience (from 0 – ‘never’ to 3 – ‘very much’). Participants and research context: Participants were 9607 undergraduate nursing students who were attending 95 different three-year Italian baccalaureate nursing programmes, located at 27 universities in 15 Italian regions. Ethical considerations: This study was conducted in accordance with the Human Subject Research Ethics Committee guidelines after the research protocol was approved by an ethics committee. Findings: Overall, 4707 (49%) perceived to have discussed ethical issues ‘much’ or ‘very much’; among the remaining, 3683 (38.3%) and 1217 (12.7%) students reported the perception of having discussed, respectively, ‘enough’ or ‘never’ ethical issues emerged in the clinical practice. At the multivariate logistic regression analysis explaining 38.1% of the overall variance, the factors promoting ethical discussion were mainly set at the clinical learning environment levels (i.e. increased learning opportunities, self-directed learning, safety and nursing care quality, quality of the tutorial strategies, competences learned and supervision by a clinical nurse). In contrast, being male was associated with a perception of less opportunity to discuss ethical issues. Conclusion: Nursing faculties should assess the clinical environment prerequisites of the settings as a context of student experience before deciding on their accreditation. Moreover, the nursing faculty and nurse managers should also enhance competence with regard to discussing ethical issues with students among clinical nurses by identifying factors that hinder this learning opportunity in daily practice.
Psychiatry’s ethical involvement in gender-affirming care
Authors: D’Angelo Roberto 
Published: May 2018

Objective: To reflect on the role of psychiatry in authorising physical treatments for Gender Dysphoria and to examine the quality of evidence for gender-reassignment. Method: A Medline search was performed with the subject term “transsexualism” or “gender dysphoria” and “outcome” or “follow-up” in the title. Studies published from 2005 onwards reporting psychosocial outcomes were selected for review. Results: Most available evidence indicating positive outcomes for gender reassignment is of poor quality. The few studies with robust methodology suggest that some patients have poor outcomes and may be at risk of suicide. Conclusion: The author raises questions about the implications for ethical treatment of transgender individuals.
Gamification Science, Its History and Future: Definitions and a Research Agenda
Authors: Landers Richard N. , Auer Elena M. , Collmus Andrew B. , Armstrong Michael B. 
Published: May 2018

Background. Definitions of gamification tend to vary by person, both in industry and within academia. One particularly popular lay interpretation, introduced and popularized by Ian Bogost, and reiterated by Jan Klabbers, is that gamification is “bullshit” and “exploitationware.” They describe gamification as a marketing term or business practice invented to sell products rather than to represent a real and unique phenomenon relevant to a nascent game science. However, this view is an oversimplification, one which ignores a growing body of theory development and empirical research on gamification within a post-positivist epistemology. In fact, because gamification is so much more outcome-focused than general game design, current gamification research in many ways has a stronger footing in modern social science than much games research does. Aim. In this article, to address common misunderstandings like these, we describe the philosophical underpinnings of modern gamification research, define the relationship between games and gamification, define and situate gamification science as a subdiscipline of game science, and explicate a six-element framework of major concerns within gamification science: predictor constructs, criterion constructs, mediator constructs, moderator constructs, design processes, and research methods. This framework is also presented diagrammatically as a causal path model. Conclusion. Gamification science refers to the development of theories of gamification design and their empirical evaluation within a post-positivist epistemology. The goal of gamification scientist-practitioners should be to understand how to best meet organizational goals through the design of gamification interventions, drawing upon insights derived from both gamification science and games research more broadly.
Optimal plate fixation of distal femoral fractures in the presence of a well fixed cemented hip arthroplasty femoral stem
Authors: Kempthorne Josh , Kieser David C , Walker Cameron G 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: The requirement for lateral plate fixation in the presence of a hip arthroplasty stem is increasing, yet the optimal plate construct necessary to reduce inter-prosthetic strain and prevent subsequent fractures is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the optimal position of a lateral femoral plate in relation to a femoral stem. Methods: We used 4th Generation Composite Sawbones®, a collarless polished cemented femoral stem and a broad Peri-loc™ plate with varying overlap of the stem. Each construct was subjected to torsion, axial compression and 3-point lateral bending, with the strain measured at the tip of the femoral stem and the force-to-failure recorded. Results: In all three loading directions a plate, which extended at least two shaft diameters proximal to the tip of the stem, experienced the lowest strain ( p < 0.001). Constructs with no overlap, and particularly those with a small gap between the tip of the stem and the proximal extent of the plate experienced the highest strain ( p < 0.001). This high strain resulted in lower forces required to cause fracture in the clinically significant scenarios of femoral torsion and lateral bending. Conclusions: Optimal plate fixation is achieved by extending a lateral femoral plate at least two shaft diameters proximal to the tip of the stem and using a spread of proximal screws. Distal fixation increases the strain experienced at the tip of the stem and higher strains are noted the smaller the gap between the proximal extent of the femoral plate and the tip of stem.