bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colonoscopy in Nonagenarians Is Safe and May Be Associated with Clinical Benefit
Authors: Shafrir Asher , Koslowsky Benjamin , Wengrower Dov , Goldin Eran , Livovsky Dan M. 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVESData regarding colonoscopy in patients older than 90 years old is scarce. Yet the number of colonoscopies done on nonagenarians is rising. We aimed to determine the yield, safety, and therapeutic benefits of colonoscopy in these patients.DESIGNCase‐control study of older patients who underwent colonoscopy.SETTINGGastroenterology institute at an academic medical center.PARTICIPANTSPatients older than 90 years (n = 128) compared with patients aged 80 to 89 years (n = 218) who underwent colonoscopy.INTERVENTIONColonoscopy.MEASUREMENTSIndication for the procedure, completion rates, adequacy of preparation, complications, colonoscopic findings, 30‐day mortality, advanced adenoma and carcinoma detection rate, treatment, and long‐term survival of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.RESULTSMean ages were 83.3 and 92.2 years old. Nonagenarians were more likely to undergo a colonoscopy while hospitalized (56.2 vs 23.4%; P < .001) and to undergo the examination due to rectal bleeding or sigmoid volvulus (35.2 vs 25.2 and 10.9 vs 0.5%, respectively; P < .001) and less likely for surveillance or constipation (11.7 vs 25.7 and 0 vs 6.9%, respectively; P < .001). Completion rates and severe adverse events were comparable. The 30‐day mortality was 3.9% in nonagenarians and 0.4% in octogenarians (P = .02). Advanced adenomas and carcinoma were more common in nonagenarians (25.8 vs 16.5%, P = .03, and 14.8 vs 6.4%, P = .01, respectively). Increasing age, inpatient status, past polypectomy surveillance, and anemia were associated with higher rates of carcinoma. Half of the nonagenarians diagnosed with adenocarcinoma underwent surgery compared with 100% of octogenarians (P = .01). Among nonagenarians with colorectal cancer who died, mean survival was 605 (interquartile range = 11‐878) days in those who underwent surgery and 112 (48‐341) in those treated conservatively (P = .055 log‐rank test).CONCLUSIONColonoscopy in nonagenarians has a high yield and is generally safe. Colonoscopy findings lead to surgery in more than half of these patients and was associated with a median survival of 20 months.
Whole body sodium depletion modifies AT1 mRNA expression and serotonin content in the dorsal raphe nucleus
Authors: Porcari Cintia Yamila , Araujo Iracema Gomes , Urzedo‐Rodrigues Lilia , De Luca Laurival Antonio , Menani José Vanderlei , Caeiro Ximena Elizabeth , Imboden Hans , Antunes‐Rodrigues José , Reis Luís Carlos , Vivas Laura , Godino Andrea , Mecawi André Souza 
Published: February 2019

Angiotensin II (Ang II) acts on Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptors located in the organum vasculosum and subfornical organ (SFO) of the lamina terminalis as a main facilitatory mechanism of sodium appetite. The brain serotonin (5‐HT) system with soma located in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) provides a main inhibitory mechanism. In the present study, we first investigated the existence of Ang II AT1 receptors in serotonergic DRN neurones. Then, we examined whether whole body sodium depletion affects the gene expression of the AT1a receptor subtype and the presumed functional significance of AT1 receptors. Using confocal microscopy, we found that tryptophan hydroxylase‐2 and serotonin neurones express AT1 receptors in the DRN. Immunofluorescence quantification showed a significant reduction in 5‐HT content but no change in AT1 receptor expression or AT1/5‐HT colocalisation in the DRN after sodium depletion. Whole body sodium depletion also significantly increased Agtr1a mRNA expression in the SFO and DRN. Oral treatment with the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan reversed the changes in Agtr1a expression in the SFO but not the DRN. Losartan injection into either the DRN or the mesencephalic aqueduct had no influence on sodium depletion‐induced 0.3 mol L‐1 NaCl intake. The results indicate the expression of Agtr1a mRNA in the DRN and SFO as a marker of sodium depletion. They also suggest that serotonergic DRN neurones are targets for Ang II. However, the function of their AT1 receptors remains elusive.
A novel moisturizer with high sun protection factor improves cutaneous barrier function and the visible appearance of rosacea‐prone skin
Authors: Baldwin Hilary , Santoro Francine , Lachmann Nadege , Teissedre Sandrine 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundConsensus guidelines advocate general skincare for rosacea patients.ObjectivesTwo independent studies were performed to assess whether a tinted daily SPF‐30 facial moisturizer (DFM30) improves barrier function of dry skin and the efficacy and tolerability of DFM30 on rosacea‐prone skin.MethodsIn study 1, electrical capacitance (EC) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured at baseline, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after a single application of DFM30 and on a control site in 21 healthy females with dry skin. Study 2 evaluated 33 females with mild to moderate rosacea and nontransient erythema. Efficacy and tolerability after once‐daily DFM30 were assessed using a chromameter, image analysis of photographs, and trained rater and patient evaluations up to day 22.ResultsIn study 1, EC showed statistically significant increases at 2, 4, and 8 hours, and TEWL showed statistically significant decreases 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after DFM30 application to healthy females compared to baseline. In study 2, covering skin redness improved significantly after DFM30 application on day 1; 33.3% showed improved covering skin redness compared to baseline. Patients reported significantly less redness on day 8 than day 3. Feelings of dryness and tightness/tension were lower 30 minutes after first application. Feeling of dryness was lower than baseline after 3 days, 1 and 3 weeks. Image analysis suggested redness was significantly lower on day 22 compared to baseline. Chromameter readings showed significantly lower erythema on the cheek compared to baseline. All patients stated that DFM30 relieves and neutralizes visible redness who also indicated that they would purchase DFM30, and the product was well tolerated.ConclusionsThese studies show that DFM30 is suitable as part of the skincare regimens advocated by ROSacea COnsensus (ROSCO) for rosacea patients. DFM30 is an effective moisturizer that improves cutaneous barrier function and the appearance of rosacea‐prone skin.
New graduate nurses’ understanding and attitudes about patient safety upon transition to practice
Authors: Murray Melanie , Sundin Deborah , Cope Vicki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore the transition experiences of newly graduated registered nurses with particular attention to patient safety.BackgroundNew graduate registered nurses’ transition is accompanied by a degree of shock which may be in tune with the described theory–practice gap. The limited exposure to clinical settings and experiences leaves these nurses at risk of making errors and not recognising deterioration, prioritising time management and task completion over patient safety and care.DesignQualitative descriptive approach using semi‐structured interviews.MethodsData were collected during 2017–18 from 11 participants consenting to face‐to‐face or telephone semi‐structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were analysed using thematic analysis techniques assisted by Nvivo coding software. The study follows the COREQ guidelines for qualitative studies (see Supplementary File 1).ResultsKey themes isolated from the interview transcripts were as follows: patient safety and insights; time management; making a mistake; experiential learning; and transition. Medication administration was a significant cause of stress that adds to time management anguish. Although the new graduate registered nurses’ clinical acumen was improving, they still felt they were moving two steps forward, one step back with regards to their understanding of patient care and safety.ConclusionTransition shock leaves new graduate registered nurses’ focused on time management and task completion over patient safety and holistic care. Encouragement and support needed to foster a safety culture that foster safe practices in our new nurses.Relevance to practiceHaving an understanding of the new graduate registered nurses’ experiences and understanding of practice will assist Graduate Nurse Program coordinators, and senior nurses, to plan and provide the relevant information and education during these initial months of transition to help mitigate the risk of errors occurring during this time.
Refining nursing practice through workplace learning: A grounded theory
Authors: Jantzen Darlaine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine how experienced registered nurses in direct patient care learn within the constantly changing contemporary healthcare environment. The key objectives were to examine educational interactions amongst workplace, nurse and nursing practice, with a focus on the influence of context.BackgroundRegistered nurses must maintain competence throughout their careers. The related ongoing learning is triggered by external demands and nurses’ internal motivation. Experienced nurses, poised to retire, have worked through the recent tumultuous changes in health care and therefore provide insight into how they sustained excellent patient care.DesignThe methodology for this study was a grounded theory informed by symbolic interactionism. EQUATOR guidelines for qualitative research (COREQ) applied.MethodsData collection entailed semi‐structured interviews with experienced nurses across diverse settings and participant observation on two acute care units. Analysis of data was conducted using three‐level coding, constant comparison, theoretical sampling and extensive memoing.ResultsRefining nursing practice begins during nursing education and early employment. Getting grounded involves establishing key capabilities, specifically becoming self‐aware, setting high standards, cultivating healthy apprehension and seeing the whole patient picture. Three catalysts for workplace learning are mentor‐guides, workplace camaraderie and a highly functional workplace team. Refining nursing practice includes both formal and informal learning; however, significant nursing expertise is developed through puzzling and enquiring, an iterative process of learning while nursing.ConclusionsFacilitating the development of capabilities for nurses’ workplace learning during nursing education and early work experiences contributes to excellent patient care. Healthcare organisations need to value and support the unique contributions of mentor‐guides in the clinical setting and promote individuals’ development of expertise by nurturing camaraderie and developing highly functional workplace teams.Relevance to clinical practiceAttending to the processes and catalysts for nurses’ workplace learning will contribute to excellent patient care.
Association between sleep bruxism and anxiety symptoms in adults: A systematic review
Authors: Polmann Helena , Domingos Fabio Luiz , Melo Gilberto , Stuginski‐Barbosa Juliana , Guerra Eliete Neves da Silva , Porporatti André Luís , Dick Bruce D. , Flores‐Mir Carlos , De Luca Canto Graziela 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between sleep bruxism (SB) and anxiety symptoms in adults.MethodsA systematic review was performed and studies assessing SB by means of questionnaires, clinical examination and/or polysomnography (PSG), and validated questionnaires to assess anxiety, were included. Search strategies were developed for seven main electronic databases. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross‐Sectional Studies, and confidence in cumulative evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria.ResultsEight cross‐sectional studies were included, of which five were judged with low and three with moderate risk of bias. No association with SB was observed in three studies that investigated generic levels of anxiety, while other two papers that evaluated generic anxiety levels through the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) found a positive association with probable and definite SB in both STAI‐1 and STAI‐2 subscales. Only one study evaluated dental anxiety in particular and an association with probable SB was observed regarding very anxious or extremely anxious scores. Two studies assessed specific symptoms of anxiety using the panic‐agoraphobic spectra evaluation (PAS‐SR) questionnaire. Significantly higher PAS‐SR total scores were observed in both studies with regard to SB. No study with definitive assessment of SB was identified.ConclusionCurrent literature is controversial regarding an association between SB and generic symptoms of anxiety in adults. It seems that some specific symptoms of the anxiety disorders spectrum might be associated with probable SB.
Reticular and erosive oral lichen planus have a distinct metabolomic profile: A preliminary study using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Cruz Aline Fernanda , Vitório Jéssica Gardone , Duarte‐Andrade Filipe Fideles , Diniz Marina Gonçalves , Canuto Gisele André Baptista , de Toledo Juliano Simões , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Fernandes Ana Paula , André Leiliane Coelho , Gomes Carolina Cavaliéri , Gomez Ricardo Santiago 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundOral Lichen Planus is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the oral mucosa, with the reticular and erosive forms representing the primary clinical variants of the disease. Previous studies have shown that metabolic alterations may well be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease; however, the molecular mechanisms related to the clinicopathological differences between erosive and reticular forms remain unknown.MethodsA comparative metabolomic analysis was performed on formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue samples of erosive (n = 6) and reticular (n = 10) oral lichen planus using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry.ResultsThe metabolomic analysis showed a distinct profile between the two clinical variants. Five metabolites (cyclohexanamine, glycine, mannitol/sorbitol, methyl palmitate and trehalose) were significantly diminished in erosive oral lichen planus as compared to the reticular form.ConclusionsReticular and erosive forms of oral lichen planus have a distinct metabolic profile. However, further studies using a large number of fresh tissue samples are necessary to confirm this data.
Has the euro sustainably increased home price co‐movement?
Authors: Miles William 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA low level of co‐movement between different euro country housing markets creates difficulties for the ECB in setting monetary policy. Such co‐movement across eurozone countries has been the subject of a number of studies, using different methodologies and finding mixed results. In this study, we use endogenous break methods to explicitly test for whether the introduction of the euro has changed home value co‐movement. We also employ informal correlation analysis. Endogenous break results indicate no sustainable increase in co‐movement attributable to the euro, whereas correlation analysis is suggestive of a decrease in synchronization since the currency's introduction.
Easy and effective method to generate endotoxin-free chitosan particles for immunotoxicology and immunopharmacology studies
Authors: Lebre Filipa , Lavelle Ed C , Borges Olga 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The cationic biopolymer chitosan (CH) has emerged as a promising candidate adjuvant due to its safety profile and immunostimulatory properties. The presence of endotoxin contamination in biomaterials is generally underappreciated and can generate misleading results. It is important to establish a convenient methodology to obtain large amounts of high quality chitosan nanoparticles for biomedical applications.

Methods
We developed an easy method to generate endotoxin-free chitosan and assessed its purity using the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay and by measuring dendritic cell activation.

Key findings
Purified chitosan-based formulations alone failed to induce production of the proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) generated from C57BL/6 mice, while maintaining its ability to promote IL-1β secretion in combination with the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 agonist, CpG. Moreover, BMDCs from C3H/HeN and TLR4-deficient mice, C3H/HeJ were stimulated with endotoxin-free chitosan-based formulations and no differences were observed in IL-6 and IL-1β secretion, excluding the involvement of TLR-4 in the immunomodulatory effects of chitosan.

Conclusions
The developed method provides simple guidelines for the production of endotoxin-free chitosan, ideal for biomedical applications.
An efficient method for DNA extraction from cyanobacteria isolated from hypersaline and marine environments
Authors: Bhardwaj Bhavna , Agrawal Akhil , Ledwani Lalita , Vaiphei S. Thangminlal , Jain Shikha 
Published: February 2019

Cyanobacteria are ancient organisms surviving on the earth due to their simple nutritional requirements and ability to produce distinct secondary metabolites that can combat detrimental environmental impacts. In order to understand these abilities of cyanobacteria at the molecular level, it is necessary to extract high‐quality genomic DNA. However, the presence of secondary metabolites and exopolysaccharides hinders the DNA extraction from these organisms, especially from hypersaline environments. Here we have developed and compared a new method with two known methods of DNA extraction from environmental isolates. The results clearly indicate that the new optimized method yielded large amount of DNA with high purity. Additionally, the extracted DNA showed reduced degradation and excellent overall quality, which can be used directly for downstream purposes such as PCR and sequencing.
Red And far‐red regulation of filament movement correlates with the expression of phytochrome and FHY1 genes in Spirogyra varians (Zygnematales, Streptophyta)1
Authors: Lee Ji Woong , Kim Gwang Hoon 
Published: February 2019

Spirogyra filaments show unique photomovement that differs in response to blue, red, and far‐red light. Phototropins involved in the blue‐light movement have been characterized together with downstream signaling components, but the photoreceptors and mechanical effectors of red‐ and far‐red light movement are not yet characterized. The filaments of Spirogyra varians slowly bent and aggregated to form a tangled mass in red light. In far‐red light, the filaments unbent, stretched rapidly, and separated from each other. Mannitol and/or sorbitol treatment significantly inhibited this far‐red light movement suggesting that turgor pressure is the driving force of this movement. The bending and aggregating movements of filaments in red light were not affected by osmotic change. Three phytochrome homologues isolated from S. varians showed unique phylogenetic characteristics. Two canonical phytochromes, named SvPHY1 and SvPHY2, and a noncanonical phytochrome named SvPHYX2. SvPHY1 is the first PHY1 family phytochrome reported in zygnematalean algae. The gene involved in the transport of phytochromes into the nucleus was characterized, and its expression in response to red and far‐red light was measured using quantitative PCR. Our results suggest that the phytochromes and the genes involved in the transport system into the nucleus are well conserved in S. varians.
The systematics of Lobophora (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) in the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans: eight new species
Authors: Camacho Olga , Fernández‐García Cindy , Vieira Christophe , Gurgel Carlos Frederico D. , Norris James N. , Freshwater David Wilson , Fredericq Suzanne 
Published: February 2019

Lobophora is a common tropical to temperate genus of brown algae found in a plethora of habitats including shallow and deep‐water coral reefs, rocky shores, mangroves, seagrass beds, and rhodoliths beds. Recent molecular studies have revealed that Lobophora species diversity has been severely underestimated. Current estimates of the species numbers range from 100 to 140 species with a suggested center of diversity in the Central Indo‐Pacific. This study used three molecular markers (cox3, rbcL, psbA), different single‐marker species delimitation methods (GMYC, ABGD, PTP), and morphological evidence to evaluate Lobophora species diversity in the Western Atlantic and the Eastern Pacific oceans. Cox3 provided the greatest number of primary species hypotheses(PSH), followed by rbcL and then psbA. GMYC species delimitation analysis was the most conservative across all three markers, followed by PTP, and then ABGD. The most informative diagnostic morphological characters were thallus thickness and number of cell layers in both the medulla and the dorsal/ventral cortices. Following a consensus approach, 14 distinct Lobophora species were identified in the Western Atlantic and five in the Eastern Pacific. Eight new species from these two oceans were herein described: L. adpressa sp. nov., L. cocoensis sp. nov., L. colombiana sp. nov., L. crispata sp. nov., L. delicata sp. nov., L. dispersa sp. nov., L. panamensis sp. nov., and L. tortugensis sp. nov. This study showed that the best approach to confidently identify Lobophora species is to analyze DNA sequences (preferably cox3 and rbcL) followed by comparative morphological and geographical assessment.
Effect of zein protein and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose on the texture of model gluten‐free bread
Authors: Berta Marco , Koelewijn Ingrid , Öhgren Camilla , Stading Mats 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe influence of zein protein and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the texture and volume of gluten‐free bread was investigated. The addition of HPMC to starch affected the dough viscoelasticity and it improved the bread volume during baking since it acts as an emulsifier. The addition of zein protein to gluten‐free bread increased the crumb firmness and reduced the crust hardness within the range of concentrations investigated. No zein protein network could be observed in the bread crumb. The zein protein, cold mixed at low concentration, did not enhance the dough elasticity. Due to the lack of a protein network noncovalent interactions may stabilize the bubble structure stabilization within the crumb, rather than covalent links of the protein chain. With an optimized amount of zein protein and HPMC hydrocolloid, the gluten‐free bread showed similar texture and staling behavior to that of model wheat bread. The optimized recipe, compiled into a spreadsheet, is available in the supporting information. The microstructural observations suggest that zein could be replaced with another protein for this recipe resulting in a similar bread texture.