bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Gestational Diabetes Associated with Higher Child BMI Z-Score at Preschool and Lower Likelihood of Breastfeeding Initiation
Authors: Mosli Rana H. , Al-Lahyani Manal N. , Najjar Amani , Zoghbi Doaa A. , Al-Haddad Rawan H. , Mosli Hala H. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives: To examine the association of maternal GDM with 1) child BMI z-score at preschool; 2) breastfeeding initiation and duration, while adjusting for child birthweight in addition to potential confounders.
Method: Sample included 53 children (3 - 5 years old) recruited from two preschools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Mothers completed a self-administered questionnaire. Child anthropometry was completed using standardized procedures. BMI z-scores were calculated using the WHO standards/reference data. Linear regression models were tested to examine the association between maternal GDM and child BMI z-score, as well as breastfeeding duration. Logistic regression models were tested to examine the association between maternal GDM and breastfeeding initiation. Models were adjusted for child birthweight, maternal BMI, and maternal age at pregnancy.
Results: Mean child BMI z-score was 1.10 (SD= 1.22). About one quarter (24.5%) of mothers reported being diagnosed with GDM. Mean birthweight of children whose mothers were diagnosed with GDM was 3.10 kg (SD= 0.74). Adjusting for covariates, we found that maternal GDM was associated with increased child BMI z-score (B= 1.04, 95% CI= 0.14 - 1.94, P-value= 0.02), and lower odds of breastfeeding initiation (OR= 0.10, 95% CI= 0.02 – 0.49, P-value= 0.005). Maternal GDM was not associated with breastfeeding duration (B= -4.75, 95% CI: -11.79 – 2.29, P-value= 0.18).
Conclusion: Findings suggest that maternal GDM is associated with higher child BMI z-score at preschool and lower likelihood of breastfeeding initiation. Studies are needed in order to identify the underlying mechanisms of associations. Obesity prevention programs may target children whose mothers were diagnosed with GDM; prenatal breastfeeding counseling may be offered.
La situación de las profesoras hispanas en el sistema universitario estadounidense
Authors: Juan Rubio Antonio Daniel , Garcia Conesa Isabel María 
Published: March 2018

<p><strong>Resumen </strong>Estados Unidos, según datos de <em>World University Rankings</em>, cuenta en su haber con seis de las diez mejores universidades del mundo. Según la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, la población latina ha representado la mayor parte del crecimiento demográfico del país durante la última década (56%). Pero desafortunadamente, este crecimiento no se ha visto reflejado en la educación superior. Mientras que los estudiantes hispanos se están matriculando en mayor número cada año, los profesores latinos, y muy especialmente las profesoras, no han visto un crecimiento similar, constituyendo sólo el 4% del profesorado universitario en todo el país. Este artículo pretende ofrecer una visión general de la situación actual con respecto al profesorado femenino de origen hispano en la educación superior estadounidense y analizar el importante papel desempeñado por el mismo por medio de sus figuras más relevantes o destacadas. Para ello, debido a la naturaleza de nuestra investigación, vamos a seguir una metodología histórica, teniendo en cuenta que en la elaboración del estudio nos hemos basado en una combinación de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Y como conclusión final, un objetivo importante debería ser el aumento del profesorado universitario femenino de origen hispano en el sistema universitario estadounidense.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong>The United States, according to the World University Rankings, has six out of the ten best universities in the world. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Latino population has accounted for most of the country's population growth during the last decade (56%). But unfortunately, this growth has not been reflected in higher education. While Hispanic students are enrolling in higher numbers each year, Latino teachers, and very especially the female ones, have not seen a similar growth, making up only around the 4% of university faculty nationwide. This article aims to provide an overview of the current situation regarding Hispanic female professors in American higher education and analyze the important role played by them throughout their most relevant or prominent figures. For this, due to the nature of our research, we will follow a historical methodology, taking into account that in the elaboration of the study we have based ourselves on a combination of primary and secondary sources. And as a final conclusion, we will conclude that an important goal should be then the increase of female university professors of Hispanic origin in the higher education system in the United States.</p><p><strong>Keywords </strong>Hispanic population, university system, Hispanic professors, influence, educational charges. </p>
Transport Routes Optimization Model Through Application of Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Bortas Ivan , Brnjac Nikolina , Dundović Čedomir 
Published: March 2018

The transport policy of the European Union is based on the mission of restructuring road traffic into other and energy-favourable transport modes which have not been sufficiently represented yet. Therefore, the development of the inland waterway and rail transport, and connectivity in the intermodal transport network are development planning priorities of the European transport strategy. The aim of this research study was to apply the scientific methodology and thus analyse the factors that affect the distribution of the goods flows and by using the fuzzy logic to make an optimization model, according to the criteria of minimizing the costs and negative impact on the environment, for the selection of the optimal transport route. Testing of the model by simulation, was performed on the basis of evaluating the criteria of the influential parameters with unprecise and indefinite input parameters. The testing results show that by the distribution of the goods flow from road transport network to inland waterways or rail transport, can be predicted in advance and determine the transport route with optimal characteristics. The results of the performed research study will be used to improve the process of planning the transport service, with the aim of reducing the transport costs and environmental pollution.
Peran Jabhat Al-Nusra dalam Memberikan Tantangan terhadap Kebijakan Amerika Serikat Mendukung Kelompok Oposisi pada Konflik Bersenjata di Suriah
Authors: Kamrullah Muhammad Rizky Nur 
Published: March 2018

Peran aktor non-negara di dalam politik dunia kontemporer semakin penting bagi dinamika politik global. Pasca peristiwa 9/11, perhatian para akademisi maupun praktisi dalam bidang studi-studi keamanan internasional tertuju pada aktor non-negara yang sering diklasifikasikan sebagai kelompok atau organisasi teroris. Karakter penggunaan kekerasan yang erat kaitannya dengan aktor ini membuat mereka dapat di klasifikasikan sebagai violent non-state actor (VNSA). Tak dapat dipungkiri, bahwa aktor ini juga mampu berperan membentuk kebijakan keamanan aktor negara dan memprovokasi negara untuk berperang. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini akan menjadikan kasus keterlibatan Jabhat al Nusra; salah satu aktor non-negara yang berafiliasi dengan Al Qaeda; pada konflik sipil bersenjata di Suriah, sebagai salah satu fenomena yang menggambarkan peran dan pengaruh aktor non-negara yang berkekerasan dalam mempengaruhi sikap atau perilaku negara. Artikel ini berusaha untuk menunjukkan faktor-faktor apa saja yang memungkinkan Jabhat al Nusra mampu mempengaruhi dinamika kebijakan luar negeri aktor negara; khusunya dalam hal ini adalah kebijakan Amerika Serikat dalam konflik bersenjata di Suriah. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa kondisi lingkungan kenegaraan di Suriah yang rentan (fragile statehood) dan karakter dari aktor non-negara itu sendiri yang memiliki potensi politik global (global actorness), merupakkan faktor-faktor yang menjadikan Jabhat al Nusra mampu berkembang dan memberikan pengaruh terhadap sikap Amerika Serikat terkait strategi keterlibatannya mendukung kelompok oposisi dalam konflik bersenjata di Suriah.
Factors affecting sustainable adoption of e-health technology in developing countries: an exploratory survey of Nigerian hospitals from the perspective of healthcare professionals
Authors: Zayyad Musa Ahmed , Toycan Mehmet 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundE-health technology applications are essential tools of modern information technology that improve quality of healthcare delivery in hospitals of both developed and developing countries. However, despite its positive benefits, studies indicate that the rate of the e-health adoption in some developing countries is either low or underutilized. This is due in part, to barriers such as resistance from healthcare professionals, poor infrastructure, and low technical expertise among others.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate, identify and analyze the underlying factors that affect healthcare professionals decision to adopt and use e-health technology applications in developing countries, with particular reference to hospitals in Nigeria.MethodsThe study used a cross sectional approach in the form of a close-ended questionnaire to collect quantitative data from a sample of 465 healthcare professionals randomly selected from 15 hospitals in Nigeria. We used the modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the dependent variable and external factors as independent variables. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS statistical analysis such as frequency test, reliability analysis, and correlation coefficient analysis.ResultsThe results obtained, which correspond with findings from other researches published, indicate that perceived usefulness, belief, willingness, as well as attitude of healthcare professionals have significant influence on their intention to adopt and use the e-health technology applications. Other strategic factors identified include low literacy level and experience in using the e-health technology applications, lack of motivation, poor organizational and management policies.ConclusionThe study contributes to the literature by pinpointing significant areas where findings can positively affect, or be found useful by, healthcare policy decision makers in Nigeria and other developing countries. This can help them understand their areas of priorities and weaknesses when planning for e-health technology adoption and implementation.
Inulin-type fructan improves diabetic phenotype and gut microbiota profiles in rats
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yu Hongyue , Xiao Xinhua , Hu Ling , Xin Fengjiao , Yu Xiaobing 
Published: March 2018

Background & AimsAccumulating research has addressed the linkage between the changes to gut microbiota structure and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Inulin is one type of soluble dietary fiber that can alleviate T2D. As a prebiotic, inulin cannot be digested by humans, but rather is digested by probiotics. However, whether inulin treatment can benefit the entire gut bacteria community remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the differences in gut microbiota composition among diabetic, inulin-treated diabetic, normal control, and inulin-treated normal control rats.MethodsA diabetic rat model was generated by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injections (HF/STZ). Inulin was orally administered to normal and diabetic rats. To determine the composition of the gut microbiota, fecal DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene 454 pyrosequencing were performed.ResultsWe found that inulin treatment reduced fasting blood glucose levels and alleviated glucose intolerance and blood lipid panels in diabetic rats. Additionally, inulin treatment increased the serum glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level, reduced serum IL-6 level,Il6expression in epididymal adipose tissue, andPepck,G6pcexpression in liver of diabetic rats. Pyrophosphate sequencing of the 16s V3–V4 region demonstrated an elevated proportion ofFirmicutesand a reduced abundance ofBacteroidetesat the phylogenetic level in diabetic rats compared to normal control rats. The characteristics of the gut microbiota in control and inulin-treated rats were similar. Inulin treatment can normalize the composition of the gut microbiota in diabetic rats. At the family and genus levels, probiotic bacteriaLactobacillusand short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteriaLachnospiraceae,Phascolarctobacterium, andBacteroideswere found to be significantly more abundant in the inulin-treated diabetic group than in the non-treated diabetic group. In addition, inulin-treated rats had a lower abundance ofDesulfovibrio, which produce lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The abundance ofLachnospiraceaewas negatively correlated with the blood glucose response after a glucose load.ConclusionIn summary, diabetic rats have different gut microbiota from control rats. Inulin treatment can alleviate gut microbiota dysbiosis in T2D model rats. Moreover, inulin treatment enhanced serum GLP-1 level to suppress IL-6 secretion and production and hepatic gluconeogenesis, resulted in moderation of insulin tolerance.
Nitrous Oxide Emissions Estimated With the CarbonTracker‐Lagrange North American Regional Inversion Framework
Authors: Nevison Cynthia , Andrews Arlyn , Thoning Kirk , Dlugokencky Ed , Sweeney Colm , Miller Scot , Saikawa Eri , Benmergui Joshua , Fischer Marc , Mountain Marikate , Nehrkorn Thomas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNorth American nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions of 1.6 ± 0.3 Tg N/yr over 2008–2014 are estimated using the CarbonTracker‐Lagrange regional inversion framework. The estimated N2O emissions are largely consistent with the EDGAR (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research) global inventory and with the results of global atmospheric inversions but offer more spatial and temporal detail over North America. Emissions are strongest from the Midwestern Corn/Soybean Belt, which accounts for nearly one third of the total North American N2O source. The emissions are maximum in spring/early summer, consistent with a nitrogen fertilizer‐driven source, and also show a late winter spike suggestive of freeze‐thaw effects. Interannual variability in emissions across the primary months of fertilizer application is positively correlated to mean precipitation. The estimated N2O flux from the Midwestern Corn/Soybean Belt and the more northerly United States/Canadian wheat belt corresponds to 4.2–4.6% and 2.2–3.0%, respectively, of total synthetic + organic N fertilizer applied to those regions. Consideration of nonagricultural sources and additional N inputs from soybean N2 fixation could reduce the N2O yield from the Midwestern Corn/Soybean Belt to ~2.2–2.4% of total N inputs.
Establishment and development process of nonformal school environments in a Nairobi slum: Focusing on the relationship between the school and the local community
Authors: Imoto Saori , Otsuki Toshio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper found the following environmental setting characteristics of nonformal schools in a Nairobi slum: (i) The schools tend to move from rental houses to their own properties. (ii) In “congested areas,” they lay out classrooms that are scattered in the community. Meanwhile, in “not‐congested areas,” they lay them out from the corner of the plot to protect them from “land‐grabbing.” (iii) Many of the schools do not have latrines or playgrounds and do not serve lunch. They supplement these functions by using community resources, such as rental latrines, open lands, and children's houses. Therefore, children spend break time outside, making children's activities more diverse and producing greater demand for neighboring shops.
Base‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of ortho‐(Propargylamino)aryl Ketones with N‐, O‐, or S‐Based Nucleophiles for the Synthesis of 3‐Functionalized Quinoline Scaffolds
Authors: Yu Liu‐Zhu , Wei Hao‐Zhao , Shi Min 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA metal‐free and base‐catalyzed cascade reaction of ortho‐(propargylamino)aryl ketones with primary alcohols, secondary amines, including various N‐heterocycles, and thiols through 1,4‐benzoxazepine intermediates was developed, providing a series of synthetically and medically valuable 3‐functionalized quinoline derivatives. The reaction process was easily manipulable and environmentally benign, producing 1.0 equiv. of water as the sole byproduct. Furthermore, bimolecular reactions for the synthesis of products containing two quinoline units were also succesful by utilizing this newly developed protocol.magnified image
Hearing loss among older construction workers: Updated analyses
Authors: Dement John , Welch Laura S. , Ringen Knut , Cranford Kim , Quinn Patricia 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundA prior study of this construction worker population found significant noise‐associated hearing loss. This follow‐up study included a much larger study population and consideration of additional risk factors.MethodsData included audiometry, clinical chemistry, personal history, and work history. Qualitative exposure metrics for noise and solvents were developed. Analyses compared construction workers to an internal reference group with lower exposures and an external worker population with low noise exposure.ResultsAmong participants (n = 19 127) an overall prevalence of hearing loss of 58% was observed, with significantly increased prevalence across all construction trades. Construction workers had significantly increased risk of hearing loss compared to reference populations, with increasing risk by work duration. Noise exposure, solvent exposure, hypertension, and smoking were significant risk factors in multivariate models.ConclusionsResults support a causal relationship between construction trades work and hearing loss. Prevention should focus on reducing exposure to noise, solvents, and cigarette smoke.
CO2 Binding and Splitting by Boron–Boron Multiple Bonds
Authors: Stoy Andreas , Böhnke Julian , Jiménez‐Halla J. Oscar C. , Dewhurst Rian D. , Thiess Torsten , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe room‐temperature, ambient‐pressure reactions of CO2 with two species containing boron–boron multiple bonds led to the incorporation of either one or two CO2 molecules. The structural characterization of a thermally unstable intermediate in one case indicates that an initial [2+2] cycloaddition is the key step in the reaction mechanism.
A Methodological Study on Tuning the Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Performance by Molecular Constitution in Acridine–Benzophenone Derivatives
Authors: Yang Rongjuan , Guan Qian , Liu Zhiyang , Song Wei , Hong Ling , Lei Tao , Wei Qiang , Peng Ruixiang , Fan Xi , Ge Ziyi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters are usually designed as donor–acceptor structures with large dihedral angles, which tend to incur low fluorescent efficiency, and therefore, through molecular design various strategies have been proposed to increase the efficiency of emitters; however, few studies have compared these strategies in one TADF system. In this study, a novel TADF molecule, [4‐(9,9‐diphenylacridin‐10‐yl)phenyl](phenyl)methanone (BP‐DPAC), was designed as a prototype, and two derivatives, BP‐Ph‐DPAC and DPAC‐BP‐DPAC, were also prepared to represent two common approaches to enhance TADF performance. Compared with the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.82 % for BP‐DPAC, organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) devices based on DPAC‐BP‐DPAC exhibited enhanced TADF properties with the highest maximum EQE of 18.67 %, owing to an additional diphenylacridine donor, whereas BP‐Ph‐DPAC showed non‐TADF properties and exhibited the lowest EQE of 4.25 %, owing to the insertion of a phenyl ring between donor and acceptor.
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of co‐polyamides with anthrazoline‐containing units in the main chain
Authors: Goikhman Mikhail Ya. , Valieva Irina A. , Podeshvo Irina V. , Gofman Iosif V. , Smyslov Ruslan Yu. , Litvinova Larissa S. , Yakimansky Alexander V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA series of anthrazoline‐containing monomers are synthesized, and eight co‐polyamides of different chemical structures, containing 1,9‐anthrazoline fragments in the main chain, are obtained and investigated. Photoluminescent, stress–strain, and thermal properties of these polymers are studied. It is shown that polymers with fragments of 4,4′‐(pyrido[3,2‐g]‐quinoline‐2,8‐diyl)dianiline and 4,4′‐(10‐methylpyrido[3,2‐g]quinoline‐2,8‐diyl)dianiline possess an intense luminescence in the range 550–650 nm. The performed investigations made it possible to determine the effect of substituents of various natures in the anthrazoline cycle and the position of amide group (meta‐ and para‐configurations) on optical, stress‐strain, and thermal properties of copolymers, opening up a prospect for further developments of principles of design of polymers with optimal characteristics.
Propensity score-matched comparison of oncological outcomes between laparoscopic and open distal pancreatic resection
Authors: Raoof M , Ituarte P H G , Woo Y , Warner S G , Singh G , Fong Y , Melstrom L 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Selected studies have reported improved outcomes in laparoscopic compared with open distal pancreatic resection. Concerns regarding failure to achieve proper oncological resection and compromised long-term outcomes remain. This study investigated whether postoperative outcomes and long-term survival after laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy are comparable to those after an open procedure.

Methods
This retrospective case–control study included patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2013, identified from the National Cancer Database. Propensity score nearest-neighbour 1 : 1 matching was performed between patients undergoing laparoscopic or open distal pancreatectomy based on all relevant co-variables. The primary outcome was overall survival.

Results
Of 1947 eligible patients, 605 (31·1 per cent) underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. After propensity score matching, two well balanced groups of 563 patients each were analysed. There was no difference in overall survival at 3 years after laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy (41·6 versus 36·0 per cent; hazard ratio 0·93, 95 per cent c.i. 0·77 to 1·12; P = 0·457). The overall conversion rate was 27·3 per cent (165 of 605). Patients who underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy had outcomes comparable to those of patients who had an open procedure with regard to median time to chemotherapy (50 versus 50 days; P = 0·342), median number of nodes examined (12 versus 12; P = 0·759); 30-day mortality (1·2 versus 0·9 per cent; P = 0·562); 90-day mortality (2·8 versus 3·7 per cent; P = 0·403), 30-day readmission rate (9·6 versus 9·2 per cent; P = 0·838) and positive margin rate (14·9 versus 18·5 per cent; P = 0·110). However, median duration of hospital stay was shorter in the laparoscopic group (6 versus 7 days; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is an acceptable alternative to open distal pancreatectomy with no detriment to survival.