bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entangling two high-Q microwave resonators assisted by a resonator terminated with SQUIDs
Authors: Li Ming , Hua Ming , Zhang Mei , Deng Fu-Guo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We propose a superconducting circuit for quantum information processing (QIP) on high-quality (high-Q) superconducting resonators (SRs). In the circuit, two high-Q SRs are coupled to a high-frequency SR (acts as a quantum bus) assisted by superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) terminate in both ends of the high-frequency resonator. Each coupling strength between each high-Q resonator and the high-frequency resonator can be tuned independently from zero to the strong-coupling regime via the external flux threading through the SQUID. In the circuit, the frequencies of the two high-Q resonators are far detuned from the high-frequency resonator. That is, quantum information stored in high-Q resonators cannot be populated in the high-frequency resonator, which lets the bus can be designed to link lots of high-Q resonators for the large-scale QIP. To show the circuit can be used to achieve the QIP, we present a high-fidelity scheme to generate Bell state on the two high-Q resonators. The scheme shows that, to achieve the entanglement operation on high-Q resonators, fast tuning on the coupling is no longer mandatory and the coupling strengths are not required to be turned on or off simultaneously.
Single-shot realization of nonadiabatic holonomic gates with a superconducting Xmon qutrit
Authors: Zhang Zhenxing , Zhao P Z , Wang Tenghui , Xiang Liang , Jia Zhilong , Duan Peng , Tong D M , Yin Yi , Guo Guoping 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation has received increasing attention due to its robustness against control errors and high-speed realization. The original protocol of nonadiabatic holonomic one-qubit gates has been experimentally demonstrated with a superconducting transmon qutrit. However, it requires two noncommuting gates to complete an arbitrary one-qubit gate, doubling the exposure time of the gate to error sources and thus leaving the gate vulnerable to environment-induced decoherence. Single-shot protocol has been subsequently proposed to realize an arbitrary one-qubit nonadiabatic holonomic gate. In this paper, a single-shot protocol of nonadiabatic holonomic gates is experimentally demonstrated by using a superconducting Xmon qutrit, with all the single-qubit Clifford gates carried out by a single-shot implementation. Characterized by quantum process tomography and randomized benchmarking, the single-shot gates reach a fidelity exceeding 99%.
Estimating the density of states of frustrated spin systems
Authors: Barash Lev , Marshall Jeffrey , Weigel Martin , Hen Itay 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Estimating the density of states (DOS) of systems with rugged free energy landscapes is a notoriously difficult task of the utmost importance in many areas of physics ranging from spin glasses to biopolymers. DOS estimation has also recently become an indispensable tool for the benchmarking of quantum annealers when these function as samplers. Some of the standard approaches suffer from a spurious convergence of the estimates to metastable minima, and these cases are particularly hard to detect. Here, we introduce a sampling technique based on population annealing enhanced with a multi-histogram analysis and report on its performance for spin glasses. We demonstrate its ability to overcome the pitfalls of other entropic samplers, resulting in some cases in large scaling advantages that can lead to the uncovering of new physics. The new technique avoids some inherent difficulties in established approaches and can be applied to a wide range of systems without relevant tailoring requirements. Benchmarking of the studied techniques is facilitated by the introduction of several schemes that allow us to achieve exact counts of the degeneracies of the tested instances.
Synthesis and functionality of eugenol-based polyacetylenes
Authors: Rahim E A , Sanda F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Eugenol is an inexpensive natural ingredient, which contains a functional group of phenolic hydroxyl and allyl, and is to be a major component of chemical synthesis which is environmentally friendly. The future of semiconductor materials can serve as smart textiles, lab on chip, portable compact screen, skin cancer treatment. With cheap and easy-to-obtain basic materials in Indonesia this polymer is increasing in price. In the future the helical polymer becomes a very useful material. Thus this material has a good prospect to be developed in Indonesia.
Production of the nanoparticles using leaf of Muntingia calabura L. as bioreductor and potential as a blood sugar nanosensor
Authors: Wahab A W , Karim A , La Nafie N , Satrimafitrah P , Triana  , Sutapa I W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Research on the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Muntingia calabura L. leaf extract as a bioreductor and its potential analysis as a blood sugar nanosensor has been done. The synthesis Au nanoparticles are characterized and applied as sensors to detect glucose. The results show that gold nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized with a maximum wavelength of 544 nm. The measurements with PSA show that the average size of the gold nanoparticles is 78.2 nm. The gold nanoparticle-based glucose sensor design has a measurement range of 1-4 mM with a regression is 0.9248, minimum detection limit of the sensor at a concentration of 0.1500 mM and a maximum detection limit is 4.1744 mM with sensitivity is 0.6837 A. mM−1.mm−2.
The organoleptic quality of noodles and functional grits with fortified lycopene coated bymaltodextrin during storage
Authors: Sumarni N K , Ibrahim N , Khaerunisa  , Diharnaini  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study aims to determine the organoleptic quality which includes taste, aroma, the color of selected noodle and functional grits with lycopene fortifier coated by Maltodextrin during storage at room temperature. Achieving goals by applying the effect of the concentration of lycopene coated by maltodextrin in the batter noodles and functional instant GRITS consisting of five levels of concentration, for noodles applied 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm, 2000 ppm and 250 ppm, while the grits are applied for 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1250 ppm. The results showed lycopene damage during processing functional instant noodles were not affected by the concentration of lycopene in the noodle dough, with damage levels between 95 % and 98 %. While lycopene damage during processing functional instant grits influenced by the concentration of lycopene in the batter porridge, the level of damage increases with increased concentration of lycopene in the dough. The concentration of lycopene coated by maltodextrin in batter noodles and grits that produce a functional instant noodle and functional instant grits with the best organoleptic quality of each 2000 ppm and 250 ppm. The damage of lycopene in noodles and functional instant grits during storage at room temperature followed zero order reaction for a period respectively is 8.17 and 8.11 months.
Potency of Carrageenan as the doping agent for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) conductive polymer
Authors: Diah A W M , Saehana S , Holdsworth C I 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPoly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a highly electronic material. PEDOT is an insoluble polymer, but it can be an aqueous dispersion in polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) solution as the doping agent. Carrageenans are anionic heteropolysaccharide with ester sulphate groups, which are similar functional group contained in PSS. Carrageenan, one of the potentials natural source of Indonesia, are structured of alternating β-d-galactopyranose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose or α-d-galactopyranose. Carrageenans are possible potential as the alternative doping agent for PEDOT to prepare PEDOT/Carr dispersions due to their similarity on –SO3- functional group. This study prepared PEDOT/Carr aqueous dispersion in 1:1 ratio by weight as a conductive green polymer. PEDOT/Carr (1:1) dispersion was succesfully synthesized by oxidative polymerisation via in-situ and post-polymerisation reaction. The effect of base solutions or pH is very interesting to investigate on physicochemical of carrageenan doped with PEDOT. Processable conductive PEDOT/Carr dispersion needs to be investigated to optimize the properties of the film.
End-capping of conductive poly(3.4-ethylene)dioxy-thiophene chain using 2-thienylmethyl methacrylate monomer
Authors: Diah A W M , Holdsworth C I 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Structure of poly(3.4-ethylene)dioxythiophene (PEDOT) has been modified by end-capping the chain using a thiophene base monomer. End-capping was carried out to study the effect of PEDOT structures on the conductivity of the PEDOT/PSS films. The monomer used for the end-capping was 2-thienylmethyl methacrylate (2TMM). Endcapping of PEDOT with 2TMM was achieved by oxidative polymerisation of 3.4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer in the presence of PSS as a dopant in aqueous solvent, and Na2S2O8 and Fe2(SO4)3 as oxidation agents. The reactions performed using ratio EDOT:PSS of 1:2.5, with the addition of varying concentrations of end capping agent: 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by weight with respect to the EDOT monomer. Chemical characterisations of the structures were analysed using NMR and FTIR. PEDOT/PSS dispersions were also analysed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), capillary electrophoresis (CE), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and conductivity measurements using the four point probe method. The results showed that the end-capping PEDOT was successfully employed using 2TMM monomer. The higher ratio of end-capping agent resulted in smaller PEDOT as indicated by CE and DLS results. Films surface were smoother with an increase in the ratio of end-capping monomer. While the conductivities of the films decreased with an increase in the ratio of 2TMM monomer.
Mannanase activity produced through fermentation of coconut flour at various pH by Aspergilus niger
Authors: Bahri S , Sundu B , Aprianto M R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Coconut flour is one of agriculture waste product, containing high concentration of mannan polysaccharide. This waste product can be used as a substrate to produce mannanase enzyme through fermentation by using inoculum of Aspergilus niger. The aim of the study was to produce mannanase enzyme with high activity from the non-lipid and non-protein coconut flour. The coconut flour was extracted by using 1M NaOH obtain free-protein coconut flour. The non protein coconut flour was then extracted by using hexane to release lipid. The non-protein and non-lipid substrates were then fermented with Aspergilus niger. A completely randomized design was used in this study with various pH (pH 6 7 8 and 9). The result of the study indicated that pH 9 of the substrate produce the highest mannanase activity, being 0.0313 U/ml. In conclusion, optimal activity of mannanase was reached when the pH of substrate was 9.
Protein mapping of several seaweed species found in Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Tahril  , Noor A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A quantitative identification of certain amino acids in four seaweed species, Thalassodendron ciliatum, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, dan Enhalus acoroides, has been carried out. Protein analysis of the samples taken in Donggala regency waters was done by Micro-Kjehldahl method and amino acid analysis using High Performance Liquid Chromatography method. Protein concentration found were between 5.2% - 8.3%, while the concentration of 15 essential amino acids varied from 0.5% (methionin in E. acoroides) to 1.16% (glutamic acid in C. Rotundata). This result, if combined with other parameters, such as lipids and phosphates, can be a base to estimate seaweed fertility status.
Performance of cellulose-diethylenetriamine as binding layer in the diffusive gradients in thin films method for measurement of Cu in environmental waters
Authors: Khairuddin  , Wahab A W , Buchari  , Raya I 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Palu Bay and Poboya River, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, was an environmental waters near site to the location of traditional gold mining and residential areas. This research aimed to apply of cellulose-diethylenetriamine material as a binding layer on the diffusive gradients in thin films method to evaluate the distribution copper labile species release into Palu Bay and Poboya River. On this method, influence of ionic strength, pH, initial concentration, gel thickness were evaluated. The results showed that the concentrations of copper labile metal measured by DGT method could be significantly different, indicating that the labile fractions of copper metals were adsorbed well on the functional group of the binding agents. By choosing cellulose-diethylenetriamine as binding layer, the proposed approach was successfully employed measurements in the aquatic system.
Marine litter’s composition and density at Baiya Beach in Palu Bay
Authors: Sulistiawati D , Mansyur K , Putra A E , Siampa T , Ya’la Z R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sea is a wealth of nature that contains a wide variety of resources, for living things. Marine health is an important thing that must be maintained for sustainable living. Marine Litter is a waste from land that goes into the sea and disrupts the ecosystems of marine health, especially materials that cannot decompose such as plastics, glass, and others. The purpose of this research was to determine the waste’s composition and density based on the type of material and to know the trend of type and concentration of marine litter. A sampling of marine litter at Baiya Beach followed the criteria according to the guidance survey of marine litter on the beach. Baiya Beach is located in Palu Bay and meets the criteria in the monitoring of marine litter. The results obtained, there were 10 meso types of wastes (0.5-2.5 cm) that dominated by woods, plastics, and glasses & ceramics with density of 57.83 pieces m−2, 20.79 pieces m−2, 19.90 pieces m−2 respectively, while the macro type (>2.5cm) contained 25 types that dominated by plastic, wood, and other materials (sanitary) with a density respectively of 9.72 piece m−2, 3.40 piece m−2, 160.32 piece m−2. These results showed that the type and quantity of litter are generally derived from human activity.
Lignin black liquor degradation on oil palm empty fruit bunches using ilmenite (FeO.TiO2) and its activity as antibacterial
Authors: Maulidiyah M , Mardhan F T , Muzuni  , Ansharullah  , Natsir M , Wibowo D , Nurdin M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) has been degraded using ilmenite mineral (FeO.TiO2). The FeO.TiO2 was examined for antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, and X. oryzae. It was extracted from iron sands by a magnetic separator and pre-oxidized at 800ºC for 5 hours. Meanwhile, OPEFB was prepared with a pretreatment process using 10% NaOH solution to damage ester bonds between lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. Furthermore, the lignin was degraded by using FeO.TiO2 catalyst with the study of catalyst mass, degradation time, and lignin concentration variation. Based on XRF and XRD data indicated that the pre-oxidation result of iron sand was contained Fe2O3 (hematite) and FeO.TiO2 minerals with the highest dominant of Fe content in the sample. The result of lignin photodegradation using FeO.TiO2 catalyst showed that the lignin-derived compound obtained was Coniveryl Alcohol (C10H12O3). Antibacterial activity test against 4 bacterial samples i.e E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, and X. oryzae showed that each test has good activity in inhibiting bacteria with a range of inhibiting diameter zone between ±20 nm. Based on this study provides that lignin-derived compounds from OPEFB can be used as a natural antibacterial.
Bakasang fermentation of Tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) waste for production of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF)
Authors: Tiwow V M A , Adrianton  , Abram P H , Arafah S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In previous study, the mixture of manure and sand have been tested successfully as media growth of local Jackfruit seedlings, called Tulo-5 and Beka-3 from Central Sulawesi area. It shows that the organic fertilizers are a good fertilizer to use. One of organic fertilizers in this study is liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from Tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) waste. The process to produce LOF used “Bakasang fermentation technology” as a part of a local wisdom in North Sulawesi area. The objective of this research is to produce liquid organic fertilizer using this traditional fermentation technology and to analyze macro nutrient of N, P, K elements and micro nutrients of Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Co elements by spectrophotometry method. The sample was divided into 3 parts for the analysis of the nutrients. The first part was based on macro and micro nutrient content after making the LOF. The second part was based on the kind of local Tilapia fish which were taken from Lindu Lake and Kabonena fresh water fish-culture area. The last, the LOF was made through Bakasang fermentation process with the bacterial feeding and without the bacterial feeding. From the study showed that the nutrient levels in most part of organic liquid fertilizer from the waste of Tilapia fish met the general quality standard levels of the LOF.
Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles from iron ore
Authors: Husain S , Irfansyah M , Haryanti N H , Suryajaya S , Arjo S , Maddu A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) from iron ore as source of Fe3O4 has been done. Fe3O4 MNPs were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) for phase and size, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer for bonding, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer for magnetic properties. XRD pattern confirms the existence of a Fe3O4 phase and size average 15 nm and suitable for magnetic nanoparticles. FTIR spectrum shows a band at 418-480 cm−1 and 603 cm−1 for the Fe-O bond vibration from Fe3O4. The coercivity, remanence, and magnetization saturation of the Fe3O4 MNPs studied in this investigation are 59.34 Oe, 30.43 emu/g, and 2.68 emu/g respectively and these observations indicate that the sample approaches towards superparamagnetic behaviour. This study agree with the result previously reported.
Analysis effect of temperature changes on measurement of oil viscosity based on plastic optical fibres sensor and microcontroller
Authors: Abdullah B , Yunus M , Arifin A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Testing of sensor based on plastic optical fiber can be applied to analyze the effect of temperature changes on the measurement of oil viscosity. This measurement uses gamma configuration at length of 3 cm peel on a plastic optical fiber sensor with cladding and without cladding. Testing of sensor on measurement of oil viscosity is using a microcontroller to determine the effect of temperature on the sensor output voltage. The output voltage of the differential amplifier in the form of an analog signal converted to a digital signal by the microcontroller and displayed on the computer. The output voltage increases with the increase of temperature changes occurring in the oil sample. The best results were obtained on sensor without cladding with the value 4.85 mV/°C. Measurement of the effect of temperature changes on oil viscosity based on plastic optical fiber sensor has advantages such as simple measurement system, low cost, easy fabrication and can be connected to computer.
The effect of variation of reducing agent concentration on optical properties of silver nanoparticles as active materials in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor
Authors: Mahmudin L , Ulum M S , Farhamsa D , Suharyadi E , Utomo A B S , Abraha K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Using chemical reduction methods, silver nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized. As a precursor, silver nitrate (AgNO3) was used and as a reducing agent was trinatrium citrate. In the process of synthesis, there was a variation of concentration of the reducing agent of trinatrium citrate. Optical properties of silver nanoparticles formation and structure in a colloidal solution were studied by using a UV-Vis spectrometer. In this synthesis process, the colloid nanoparticles produced dominated by silver nanoparticle grains since the yellowish color formed in the sample. The UV-Vis spectrometer shows that there is a shift in the spectrum of silver nanoparticles colloidal absorption in the range of 429.01 nm to 433.06 nm for the variation of trinatrium citrate reducing agent concentration to the colloid formation of the silver nanoparticles. A shift in the angle of SPR is observed when a thin silver layer as the active material of the sensor is coated silver nanoparticles. Increasing the concentration of reducing substances of a thin silver nanoparticles films will shifts the angle of SPR. This SPR angle shift sharpens the reflectivity value and changes the surface plasmon wave constants due to changes in the surface plasmon constant which is caused by changes in the dielectric constant of thin silver nanoparticles films.
Analysis calcium concentration of crab shells on variation of temperature and bioceramic material
Authors: Endang S , Rauf N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Mangrove Crab (Scylla spp) has a large calcium content that can use as a material source of denture based bioceramic. In this study, we use some material to support a crab shell powder to produce ceramic-forming materials such as feldspar, quartz, and kaolin. The samples formed into variations composition and sintering time for 100°C and 900°C for 30 minutes. The calcium concentration of the sample determined by using X-Ray Flouresence (XRF) and molecular bonds obtained from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) characterization. From the results shows a good sample of further development with ratio composition of the samples are 1.33: 1.33: 0.67: 0.67 at 900°C obtained SiO2 composition (66.84%), Al2O3 (19.44 %), Fe2O3 (0.63%), CaO (19.44%), K2O (0.39%), while CaO has stronger of molecular bonding with each sample, both at sintering time for 100°C and 900°C temperature of sample. This data indicated that crab shell contains high calcium which is component that very effective to use as material of dentures based bioceramic
The phytososiological of agroforestry Tembawang at secundary forest Sekadau Hulu in West Kalimantan Indonesia
Authors: Rafdinal  , Pitopang R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A phytosociological study on the flora and vegetation community of Tembawang was carried out in of Traditional Agroforestry secundary Forest of Sekadau Hulu West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The main objectives of this study were to identify composition and structure of Tembawang in secundary forest Sekadau Hulu. A total of 30 plots (20×20 m in size) were constructed according to the line transect method. The vegetation sampling and data analysis were done according to the Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg approach. The results showed that there were 43 species belonging to 32 generas and 13 families in the form of trees. The most common species in the study area were Havea brasilensis (Will.ex A.Juss) dan Durio zibethinus Murr. The results also showed that most of the species belong to the Dipterocarpaceae and Moraceae. This indicates that the Traditional Agroforestry Tembawang forest more potential a carbon storage in West Kalimantan Indonesia.