bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repair of Large Full-Thickness Scalp Defects Using Biomaterial and Skin Grafting
Authors: Yan Sheng , Shi Hangyan , Chen Da , Guo Jincai , Sun Yi , Wu Sufan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe reconstruction of large full-thickness scalp defects remains a surgical challenge, especially when the skull is exposed completely without periosteum. Surgical technique options for wound coverage have included tissue expansion, skin grafting, local or regional flaps, and microvascular free tissue transfer. In recent years, some authors have reported to use biological material as an alternative for repairing complex wounds. The authors report the successful reconstruction of a large defect with bare skull in bilateral temporal regions of a 3-year-old child. The patient was treated with artificial biomaterial followed by skin grafting, without making multiple cranial burr holes or burring out the outer bony cortex. The relevant literatures were reviewed and the vascular anatomy evidence of the blood supply at temporal region was also demonstrated on cadaver. This case suggests that artificial biomaterial followed by skin grafting is a potential alternative for the treatment of large full-thickness scalp defects in pediatric patients.
Early Allograft Dysfunction Is Associated With Higher Risk of Renal Nonrecovery After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Wadei Hani M. , Lee David D. , Croome Kristopher P. , Mai Lorraine , Leonard Deanne , Mai Martin L. , Taner C. Burcin , Keaveny Andrew P. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) identifies allografts with marginal function soon after liver transplantation (LT) and is associated with poor LT outcomes. The impact of EAD on post-LT renal recovery, however, has not been studied. Data on 69 primary LT recipients (41 with and 28 without history of renal dysfunction) who received renal replacement therapy (RRT) for a median (range) of 9 (13-41) days before LT were retrospectively analyzed. Primary outcome was renal nonrecovery defined as RRT requirement 30 days from LT. Early allograft dysfunction developed in 21 (30%) patients, and 22 (32%) patients did not recover renal function. Early allograft dysfunction was more common in the renal nonrecovery group (50% vs 21%, P = 0.016). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that EAD (odds ratio, 7.25; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-25.8; P = 0.002) and baseline serum creatinine (odds ratio, 3.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-8.1; P = 0.007) were independently associated with renal nonrecovery. History of renal dysfunction, duration of renal dysfunction, and duration of RRT were not related to renal recovery (P > 0.2 for all). Patients who had EAD and renal nonrecovery had the worst 1-, 3-, and 5-year patient survival, whereas those without EAD and recovered renal function had the best outcomes (P < 0.001). Post-LT EAD was independently associated with renal nonrecovery in LT recipients on RRT for a short duration before LT. Furthermore, EAD in the setting of renal nonrecovery resulted in the worst long-term survival. Measures to prevent EAD should be undertaken in LT recipients on RRT at time of LT.
Monoamine abnormalities in the SAPAP3 knockout model of obsessive-compulsive disorder-related behaviour
Authors: Wood Jesse , LaPalombara Zoe , Ahmari Susanne E. 
Published: March 2018

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a leading cause of illness-related disability, but the neural mechanisms underlying OCD symptoms are unclear. One potential mechanism of OCD pathology is monoamine dysregulation. Because of the difficulty of studying monoamine signalling in patients, animal models offer a viable alternative to understanding this aspect of OCD pathophysiology. We used HPLC to characterize post-mortem monoamine levels in lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), medial OFC, medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal and ventral striatum of SAPAP-3 knockout (KO) mice, a well-validated model of compulsive-like behaviours in OCD. As predicted from previous studies, excessive grooming was significantly increased in SAPAP-3 KO mice. Overall levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA) and the ratio of 5HIAA/serotonin (serotonin turnover) were increased in all cortical and striatal regions examined. In addition, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratio was increased in lateral OFC, and HVA/dopamine ratio was increased in lateral and medial OFC. No baseline differences in serotonin or dopamine tissue content were observed. These data provide evidence of monoaminergic dysregulation in a translational model of OCD symptoms and are consistent with aberrant cortical and striatal serotonin and dopamine release/metabolism in SAPAP-3 KO mice. These results are guiding ongoing experiments using circuit and cell-type specific manipulations of dopamine and serotonin to determine the contributions of these monoaminergic systems to compulsive behaviours, and serve here as a touchstone for an expanded discussion of these techniques for precise circuit dissection.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue between basic and clinical neuroscientists'.
BAP1 Loss Predicts Therapeutic Vulnerability in Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Authors: Shrestha Raunak , Nabavi Noushin , Lin Yen-Yi , Mo Fan , Anderson Shawn , Volik Stanislav , Adomat Hans H. , Lin Dong , Xue Hui , Dong Xin , Shukin Robert , Bell Robert H. , McConeghy Brian , Haegert Anne , Brahmbhatt Sonal , Li Estelle , Oo Htoo Zarni , Hurtado-Coll Antonio , Fazli Ladan , Zhou Joshua , McConnell Yarrow , McCart Andrea , Lowy Andrew , Morin Gregg B. , Daugaard Mads , Sahinalp S. Cenk , Hach Faraz , Bihan Stephane Le , Gleave Martin E. , Wang Yuzhuo , Churg Andrew , Collins Colin C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundMalignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma (PeM) is a rare but frequently fatal cancer that originates from the peritoneal lining of the abdomen. Standard treatment of PeM is limited to cytoreductive surgery and/or chemotherapy, and no effective targeted therapies for PeM yet exist. In the search for novel therapeutic target candidates in PeM, we performed a comprehensive integrative multi-omics analysis of 19 treatment-naïve PeM tumors.ResultsThe analysis identified PeM tumors withBAP1loss to form a distinct molecular subtype characterized by distinct expression patterns of genes involved in chromatin remodeling, DNA repair pathway, and immune checkpoint receptor activation. This PeM subtype could potentially benefit from immune checkpoint, PARP, or HDAC inhibition therapies.ConclusionsOur findings uncoverBAP1as a trackable prognostic and predictive biomarker, and refine PeM disease classification. This integrated molecular characterization provides a comprehensive foundation for developing PeM precision medicine.
On the flexibility of basic risk attitudes in monkeys
Authors: Farashahi Shiva , Azab Habiba , Hayden Benjamin , Soltani Alireza 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTMonkeys and other animals appear to share with humans two risk attitudes predicted by prospect theory: an inverse-S-shaped probability weighting function and a steeper utility curve for losses than for gains. These findings suggest that such preferences are stable traits with common neural substrates. We hypothesized instead that animals tailor their preferences to subtle changes in task contexts, making risk attitudes flexible. Previous studies used a limited number of outcomes, trial types, and contexts. To gain a broader perspective, we examined two large datasets of male macaques’ risky choices: one from a task with real (juice) gains and another from a token task with gains and losses. In contrast to previous findings, monkeys were risk-seeking for both gains and losses (i.e. lacked a reflection effect) and showed steeper gain than loss curves (loss-seeking). Utility curves for gains were substantially different in the two tasks. Monkeys showed nearly linear probability weightings in one task and S-shaped ones in the other; neither task produced a consistent inverse-S-shaped curve. To account for these observations, we developed and tested various computational models of the processes involved in the construction of reward value. We found that adaptive differential weighting of prospective gamble outcomes could partially account for the observed differences in the utility functions across the two experiments and thus, provide a plausible mechanism underlying flexible risk attitudes. Together, our results support the idea that risky choices are flexibly constructed at the time of elicitation and place important constraints on neural models of economic choice.
Asynchronous suppression of visual cortex during absence seizures
Authors: Meyer Jochen , Maheshwari Atul , Noebels Jeffrey , Smirnakis Stelios 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAbsence epilepsy is a common childhood disorder featuring frequent cortical spike-wave seizures with a loss of awareness and behavior. Using the calcium indicator GCaMP6 with in vivo 2-photon cellular microscopy and simultaneous electrocorticography, we examined the collective activity profiles of individual neurons and surrounding neuropil across all layers in V1 during spike-wave seizure activity over prolonged periods in stargazer mice. We show that most (∼80%) neurons in all cortical layers reduce their activity during seizures, whereas a smaller pool activates or remains neutral. Unexpectedly, ictal participation of identified single unit activity is not fixed, but fluctuates on a flexible time scale across seizures. Pairwise correlation analysis of calcium activity reveals a surprising lack of synchrony among neurons and neuropil patches in all layers during seizures. Our results demonstrate an asynchronous suppression of visual cortex during absence seizures, with major implications for understanding cortical network function during EEG states of reduced awareness.
Positional information specifies the site of organ regeneration and not tissue maintenance in planarians
Authors: Hill Eric M. , Petersen Christian P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMost animals undergo homeostatic tissue maintenance, yet those capable of robust regeneration in adulthood use mechanisms significantly overlapping with homeostasis. Here we show in planarians that modulations to body-wide patterning systems shift the target site for eye regeneration while still enabling homeostasis of eyes outside this region. The uncoupling of homeostasis and regeneration, which can occur during normal positional rescaling after axis truncation, is not due to altered injury signaling or stem cell activity, nor specific to eye tissue. Rather, pre-existing tissues, which are misaligned with patterning factor expression domains, compete with properly located organs for incorporation of migratory progenitors. These observations suggest that patterning factors determine sites of organ regeneration but do not solely determine the location of tissue homeostasis. These properties provide candidate explanations for how regeneration integrates pre-existing tissues and how regenerative abilities could be lost in evolution or development without eliminating long-term tissue maintenance and repair.One Sentence SummaryHomeostatic tissue maintenance can occur independent of precise positional information in planarians.
Astrocytes integrate and drive neural activity
Authors: Deemyad Tara , Lüthi Joel , Spruston Nelson 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYMany brain functions depend on the ability of neural networks to temporally integrate transient inputs to produce sustained discharges. This can occur through cell-autonomous mechanisms in individual neurons or through reverberating activity in recurrently connected neural networks. We report a third mechanism involving temporal integration of neural activity by a network of astrocytes. Previously, we showed that some types of interneurons can generate long-lasting trains of action potentials for tens of seconds (“barrage firing”) following repeated depolarizing stimuli. Here, we show that calcium signaling in an astrocytic network correlates with barrage firing; that active depolarization of astrocyte networks by chemical or optogenetic stimulation enhances barrage firing; and that chelating internal calcium, inhibiting release from internal stores, or inhibiting GABA transporters or metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibited barrage firing. Thus, through complex molecular processes, networks of interconnected astrocytes influence the spatiotemporal dynamics of neural networks by directly integrating neural activity and driving long-lasting barrages of action potentials in some populations of inhibitory interneurons.
A new view of dorsal visual cortex in macaques revealed by submillimeter fMRI
Authors: Zhu Qi , Vanduffel Wim 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMacaque dorsal occipital cortex is generally thought to contain one elongated third-tier area, V3d, extending along most of the rostral V2d border. In contrast, our submillimeter retinotopic fMRI maps (0.6 mm isotropic voxels, achieved by implanted phased-array receive coils) consistently show three sectors anterior to V2d. The dorsal (mirror-image) sector complies with the traditional V3d definition, and the middle (non-mirror image) sector with V3A. The ventral (mirror-image) sector bends away from V2d, as does VLP in marmosets and DLP in owl monkeys, and represents the entire contralateral hemifield like V3A. Its population receptive field size, however, suggests that this ventral sector is another fourth-tier area caudal to V4d. Hence, contrary to prevailing views, the retinotopic organization of cortex rostral to V2d differs substantially from widely accepted models. Instead, it is evolutionarily largely conserved in Old and New World monkeys.
Spatial summation in the human fovea: the effect of optical aberrations and fixational eye movements
Authors: Tuten William S. , Cooper Robert F. , Tiruveedhula Pavan , Dubra Alfredo , Roorda Austin , Cottaris Nicolas P. , Brainard David H. , Morgan Jessica I.W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPsychophysical inferences about the neural mechanisms supporting spatial vision can be undermined by uncertainties introduced by optical aberrations and fixational eye movements, particularly in fovea where the neuronal grain of the visual system is fine. We examined the effect of these pre-neural factors on photopic spatial summation in the human fovea using a custom adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope that provided control over optical aberrations and retinal stimulus motion. Consistent with previous results, Ricco’s area of complete summation encompassed multiple photoreceptors when measured with ordinary amounts of ocular aberrations and retinal stimulus motion. When both factors were minimized experimentally, summation areas were essentially unchanged, suggesting that foveal spatial summation is limited by post-receptoral neural pooling. We compared our behavioral data to predictions generated with a physiologically-inspired front-end model of the visual system, and were able to capture the shape of the summation curves obtained with and without pre-retinal factors using a single post-receptoral summing filter of fixed spatial extent. Given our data and modeling, neurons in the magnocellular visual pathway, such as parasol ganglion cells, provide a candidate neural correlate of Ricco’s area in the central fovea.
Corporate reporting readability and regulatory review risk
Authors: Hesarzadeh Reza , Bazrafshan Ameneh 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The regulatory review process imposes significant costs on companies. Therefore, managers try to find ways to avoid the regulatory review risk. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether corporate reporting readability reduces the regulatory review risk.

Design/methodology/approach
This study measures the corporate reporting readability using the Fog Index. It measures the regulatory review risk using the probability of receiving a comment letter from the Securities and Exchange Organization of Iran.

Findings
The findings reveal that corporate reporting readability reduces the regulatory review risk, after controlling for the factors that affect the regulatory review risk.

Originality/value
The current paper identifies an easy strategy for managers to mitigate one of the important risks faced by companies. Thus, the results will be of interest to managers, audit committees, and stakeholders involved in the regulatory review process.
Artificial neural networks for prediction of local thermal insulation of clothing protecting against cold
Authors: Dabrowska Anna Katarzyna 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop artificial neural networks (ANNs) allowing us to simulate the local thermal insulation of clothing protecting against cold on a basis of the characteristics of materials and design solutions used.

Design/methodology/approach
For this purpose, laboratory tests of thermal insulation of clothing protecting against cold as well as thermal resistance of textile systems used in the clothing were performed. These tests were conducted with a use of thermal manikin and so-called skin model, respectively. On a basis of results gathered, 12 ANNs were developed that correspond to each thermal manikin’s segment besides hands and feet which are not covered by protective clothing.

Findings
In order to obtain high level of simulations, optimization measures for the developed ANNs were introduced. Finally, conducted validation indicated a very high correlation (above 0.95) between theoretical and experimental results, as well as a low error of the simulations (max 8 percent).

Originality/value
The literature reports addressing the problem of modeling thermal insulation of clothing focus mainly on the impact of the degree of fit and the velocity of air movement on thermal insulation properties, whereas reports dedicated to modeling the impact of the construction of clothing protecting against cold as well as of diverse material systems used within one design of clothing on its thermal insulation are scarce.
Gaming attribute preferences in social marketing programmes
Authors: Dietrich Timo , Mulcahy Rory , Knox Kathy 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThere is growing evidence that serious games can be an effective tool in social marketing programmes. Although multiple (serious) game attribute frameworks exist, there is limited knowledge about which game attributes are applicable for sensitive social marketing issues. This research aims to fill this gap by compiling a taxonomy of game attributes for serious games based on the existing literature and investigating which of the game attributes users prefer in the context of an alcohol programme targeted at adolescents.Design/methodology/approachThree serious games were administered to a sample of adolescents as part of a larger trial. Game feedback data from 640 participants are coded and compared using the synthesised classification taxonomy of reward-based and meaningful game attributes.FindingsMeaningful game attributes are more frequently preferred than reward game attributes across all three serious games.Research limitations/implicationsThis study examined serious games targeting only one specific context (alcohol) in one market segment (Australian adolescents) on one gaming platform (online).Practical implicationsThis study proposes that meaningful game attributes are more important than reward game attributes when designing serious games for (alcohol) social marketing programmes. Nevertheless, social marketers must also recognise that reward-based game attributes are important attributes, as they are essential for making and motivating gameplay.Originality/valueThis research is the first social marketing study that provides insight into game attributes which are preferred by users of serious games or gamified technology in social marketing programmes.
Leadership in interprofessional health and social care teams: a literature review
Authors: Smith Tony , Fowler-Davis Sally , Nancarrow Susan , Ariss Steven Mark Brian , Enderby Pam 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to review evidence on the nature of effective leadership in interprofessional health and social care teams.

Design/methodology/approach
A critical review and thematic synthesis of research literature conducted using systematic methods to identify and construct a framework to explain the available evidence about leadership in interprofessional health and social care teams.

Findings
Twenty-eight papers were reviewed and contributed to the framework for interprofessional leadership. Twelve themes emerged from the literature, the themes were: facilitate shared leadership; transformation and change; personal qualities; goal alignment; creativity and innovation; communication; team-building; leadership clarity; direction setting; external liaison; skill mix and diversity; clinical and contextual expertise. The discussion includes some comparative analysis with theories and themes in team management and team leadership.

Originality/value
This research identifies some of the characteristics of effective leadership of interprofessional health and social care teams. By capturing and synthesising the literature, it is clear that effective interprofessional health and social care team leadership requires a unique blend of knowledge and skills that support innovation and improvement. Further research is required to deepen the understanding of the degree to which team leadership results in better outcomes for both patients and teams.
The effect of occupational self-efficacy on work performance through intrinsic work motivation
Authors: Çetin Fatih , Aşkun Duysal 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Today, organizations work hard to improve the motivation of their employees and related knowledge, skills and abilities to enhance work performance. Among many other variables, self-efficacy proved to have an influential role in work performance. The main purpose of the current study is to investigate the role of occupational self-efficacy on work performance through intrinsic motivation by using a longitudinal analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants were 76 employees from diverse organizations operating in an organized industrial region in Turkey. Participants filled in a weekly questionnaire during ten consecutive weeks.

Findings
Results of multilevel analyses confirmed our hypotheses by showing that occupational self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation have a significant influential role over work performance, and intrinsic motivation serve as a partial mediator in this relationship.

Originality/value
The study findings also reveal important information for organizational and managerial practices to improve employee motivation and performance.