bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Vestibular Function Testing in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Rodriguez Amanda , Janky Kristen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractQuantitative tests of vestibular function include the caloric test, cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP), rotary chair, and head impulse test, either at the bedside or utilizing video head impulse test (vHIT). The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of how to perform these tests in children, including which tests are recommended based on the child's age and any modifications or considerations that can be made. A variety of clinical measures have been recommended as screening measures for vestibular loss, which will be reviewed. Symptom questionnaires designed to assess the functional impact of dizziness and vestibular loss in children will also be discussed. If a child complains of dizziness or if vestibular loss is suspected (either by case history or positive screening measure), vestibular function testing is warranted. For vestibular function testing, children aged 0 to 2 years typically receive rotary chair, cervical VEMP, and vHIT if a remote system is available. For children aged 3 to 7 years, vHIT, cervical VEMP, and ocular VEMP are completed, and for children aged 8+ years, vHIT, caloric testing if vHIT is normal, and cervical and ocular VEMP are completed. For all children, modifications to testing can be made, as needed.
Oculomotor Assessment in Children
Authors: McCaslin Devin , Doettl Steven 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOculomotor evaluation as part of videonystagmography is an integral tool in the assessment of vestibular function providing a global assessment of the neurological pathways associated with oculomotor function. The value of an oculomotor evaluation for pediatric evaluation is well established; however, many questions can also arise with the application to the pediatric population. Oculomotor function is age dependent which can have a significant effect on the test results obtain in children. The underlying neural substrates and age effects are discussed across the literature with specific results from recent research using clinical oculomotor equipment and protocols. The evidence suggests there are several key differences in the pediatric population compared with adults. These include longer saccade latencies, reduced smooth pursuit gain, increased optokinetic asymmetry, increased variability in all responses, and increased artifact in saccade and smooth pursuit testing.
Vestibular and Oculomotor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Christy Jennifer , Vogtle Laura , Almutairi Anwar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) is a nonprogressive permanent brain injury that causes an impairment of movement and posture. This scoping review aimed to answer the following questions: (1) “What is the status of oculomotor function in children with CP?” (2) “What is the status of vestibular function (i.e., gaze stability, perception of vertical, vestibular-related balance abilities) in children with CP?” Using Arksey's and O'Malley's five-stage framework, we searched six online databases for relevant articles. The inclusion criteria were: (1) participants of the studies included individuals with CP; (2) a primary outcome in the studies was measurement of oculomotor, vestibular, and/or balance; (3) studies were published within the past 20 years; and (4) the participants in the studies were between 0 and 21 years of age. Twenty-one articles were found that described impairments in oculomotor function (n = 9), vestibular function (n = 1), and oculomotor and vestibular integration (n = 11) in children with CP. The evidence suggests that children with CP may have altered saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements, abnormal saccular function, poor eye–hand coordination, and abnormal use of vestibular information for balance. Future studies should explore peripheral and central vestibular function using reliable and valid methods for this population. This scoping review demonstrated a paucity of rigorous and objective research to describe the status of oculomotor and vestibular function in children with CP. However, preliminary studies suggest that more research is warranted.
Considerations for Testing and Treating Children with Central Vestibular Impairments
Authors: Christy Jennifer 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis perspective explores common pediatric diagnoses that could present with central vestibular pathway dysfunction, leading to delays in motor development and postural control, and gaze instability. Specifically, the following diagnoses are considered: cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele, vestibular migraine, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental coordination disorder, concussion, childhood cancer, congenital muscular torticollis, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and autism. Suggestions for clinical screening, vestibular function testing, and vestibular rehabilitation for children with these diagnoses are based on evidence for the efficacy of testing and interventions for children with peripheral vestibular hypofunction. More research is needed to explore peripheral and central vestibular function in children with these diagnoses. Testing and intervention methods may need to be modified to accommodate for the specific behavior and motor challenges that some children might present. Researchers should develop technology so that gaze stabilization exercises can be delivered in a fun, functional, and effective way.
Begutachtung psychischer Erkrankungen in der gesetzlichen Renten- und Unfallversicherung
Authors: Dreßing Harald , Förster Klaus , Schneider Frank 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungPsychiatrischer Sachverstand ist bei einer Vielzahl von gerichtlichen Gutachtenaufträgen nötig. Psychiatrische Gutachten erfordern eine hohe fachliche Kompetenz und Grundkenntnisse in den Rechtsgebieten, in denen das Gutachten zu erstatten ist. In der Arbeit werden allgemeine Rahmenbedingungen der Begutachtung dargestellt, die Rolle des Gutachters definiert sowie exemplarisch einige Grundregeln der Begutachtung im Bereich der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung und der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus finden sich Ausführungen zur Problematik von Aggravation und Simulation.
Demenz bei Down-Syndrom: Ein häufiger psychiatrischer Vorstellungsgrund
Authors: Kruse Björn , Heinrich Manuel , Diefenbacher Albert , Kaiser Heika , Sappok Tanja 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Diese Studie untersucht die Prävalenz und klinischen Charakteristika von Demenzen bei psychiatrisch vorgestellten Erwachsenen mit Down-Syndrom und leitet Konsequenzen für die klinische Praxis ab.
Methodik Die Patientenmerkmale und Prävalenz von Demenz wurden retrospektiv (2005–2012, N = 75) bei Erwachsenen mit Down-Syndrom im klinisch-psychiatrischen Setting untersucht.
Ergebnisse Bei jedem 3. Patienten mit Down-Syndrom wurde – in der Regel erst nach einer Verlaufsuntersuchung von 6 bis 12 Monaten – eine Demenz diagnostiziert. Patienten mit Demenz waren älter und häufiger weiblich, während sich der Grad der Intelligenzminderung nicht unterschied. Die Schilddrüsen- und Calciumwerte waren bei Menschen mit wie ohne Demenz häufig auffällig.
Diskussion Demenz ist ein häufiger psychiatrischer Vorstellungsgrund bei Menschen mit Down-Syndrom, insbesondere bei Frauen und im höheren Lebensalter. Die Versorgungsstrukturen in Deutschland sollten bedarfsgerecht angepasst werden.
Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation – Medications Used in Swiss Obstetrics
Authors: Schenkel Larissa , Simões-Wüst Ana , Hösli Irene , von Mandach Ursula 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background In order to improve the safety for drugs in pregnancy and lactation, data on the clinical practice must be collected and validated.
Methods Data on the medications routinely used were requested from the university hospitals for obstetrics and the non-university perinatal centres in Switzerland and recommendations and guidelines of scientific societies for the various fields of application were sought.
Results Part I: For during pregnancy and the peripartal period respectively, 69 and 21 different active constituents of medications were identified from at least 4 centres. For during pregnancy, the active constituents used in most of the centres are nifedipine, iron i. v. and oral, labetalol and magnesium sulphate, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, paracetamol, dalteparine, metoclopramide as well as atosiban and hexoprenaline; for during the peripartal period betamethasone, misoprostol, oxytocin, clindamycin as well as fibrinogen, sulprostone and tranexamic acid were most frequently cited. Recommendations of various scientific societies were found primarily for pregnancy-specific fields of application.
Conclusion The same active constituents of medications are consistently used in Swiss perinatal centres for the main indications in pregnant women. Despite the existing experience and available evidence, they are mainly used off-label. Official authorisations for frequently or consistently used active ingredients should be granted.
The possibility and desirability of replication in the humanities
Authors: Peels Rik , Bouter Lex 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this article, we argue that the debate on the poor reproducibility of scientific research has overlooked an entire field: replication is also possible and desirable in the humanities. So far, the debate on replicability has been carried out primarily in the biomedical, natural and social sciences. It turns out that, for a wide variety of reasons, many of which lead to selective reporting, a large proportion of studies in these fields are not replicable, sometimes as many as 70 percent. In this paper, we leave these fields mostly aside, since they have been extensively addressed in the recent literature, and turn to the humanities. First, we distinguish between replicability and replication. Subsequently, we defend the view that replication is entirely possible in the humanities: it meets all the criteria that have been identified for biomedical, natural and social science research. The uniqueness of many research objects in the humanities does not present an obstacle to this. We also explain why replication is desirable and urgently needed in the humanities. Finally, we give various practical guidelines for how replication in the humanities could be carried out, such as focusing on the replication of cornerstone studies or a random selection of published research in a sub-discipline, and opting, if possible, for a conceptual replication, so that triangulation becomes possible.
The development of the portmanteau verbal morphology in Ecuadorian Siona
Authors: Bruil Martine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSubject marking in the Western Tukanoan language Ecuadorian Siona is part of a complex system of portmanteau morphology that also marks tense and clause type. This system shows a remarkable number of regularities that hint that it might be possible to tease apart these functions. Synchronically, it is problematic to posit distinct markers for each of the three relevant linguistic categories, but diachronically, it is likely that these categories were expressed by distinct markers. This article reconstructs the pathway of the formal merger of these three linguistic categories, comparing the expression of Ecuadorian Siona’s system to the expression of these categories in other Tukanoan languages.
French negative concord and discord
Authors: Déprez Viviane , Yeaton Jeremy 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Evidence that DN readings arise in solid NC languages more than previously thought (Déprez et al. 2015) underscore the importance of investigating the factors governing their emergence to deepen our understanding of Negative Concord. This paper examines the roles of context and prosody in disambiguating simple French transitive sentences with two NCIs (personne, rien) experimentally. French speakers were recorded reading target sentences with NCIs in NC or DN eliciting contexts followed by a verification statement judged as T/F and analyzed as context-matching or not. Context-matching targets were extracted using Praat and analyzed using ProsodyPro (Xu 2013). Sentence contour, average pitch and F0 peak value on NCIs were compared across conditions. Our results provide solid evidence that in French, context influence interpretation and NC and DN interpretations are prosodically distinguished.
Dimensions of variation
Authors: Di Caro Vincenzo Nicolò , Giusti Giuliana 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the different dimensions of variation found in the Inflected Construction (IC) (cf. Cardinaletti and Giusti 2001, 2003) arising with motion verbs in most Sicilian dialects. It does so by discussing data from the dialect of Delia (Caltanissetta) at face value with the dialect of Marsala (Trapani). The micro-variation emerging from the discussion challenges Cruschina’s (2013) morphomic account; while it is easily captured by Cardinaletti and Giusti’s (to appear) hypothesis that a semi-functional V1 fills a remerged functional head (t-T, c-C). Merger in t or c is not only restricted to lexically specified forms of V1 but, in given feature combinations, also to lexically specified forms of V2 in T or C.
Parametric comparison and dialect variation
Authors: Guardiano Cristina , Michelioudakis Dimitris , Cordoni Guido , Irimia Monica Alexandrina , Radkevich Nina , Sitaridou Ioanna 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper applies the Parametric Comparison Method (PCM) to the description of syntactic variation in the nominal domain in a representative subset of Romance dialects of Southern Italy. We observe that, in order to perform successfully at the level of micro-comparison, the method must be supplemented by parameters specifically targeting this level of resolution. We sketch some such (micro-)parameters, investigate their interaction with the observed surface patterns, and show that their distribution broadly matches the received wisdom about the dialectal structure of Italo-Romance.
Stressed enclitics are not weak pronouns
Authors: Pescarini Diego 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The paper compares a morphophonological and a syntactic approach to stress shift and enclisis/proclisis asymmetries. The former analysis envisages the co-occurrence of multiple allomorphs with the same featural content, which are distributed in accordance with phonological rules. The latter analysis, by contrast, is based on the hypothesis that alternations are due to the co-occurrence of items belonging to different functional classes. I argue that the syntactic analyses put forth so far are not superior to previous morphophonological accounts. I acknowledge that the synchronic distribution of allomorphs does not result from productive phonological rules. Nonetheless, this is not per se a valid argument in favor of syntactic, class-based accounts, which must be advanced in compliance with Occam’s razor.
Bifunctional properties and characterization of a novel sialidase with esterase activity from Bifidobacterium bifidum
Authors: Ashida Hisashi , Tanigawa Kana , Kiyohara Masashi , Katoh Toshihiko , Katayama Takane , Yamamoto Kenji 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Sialidases catalyze the removal of terminal sialic acid from various complex carbohydrates. In the gastrointestinal tract, sialic acid is commonly found in the sugar chain of mucin, and many enteric commensals use mucin as a nutrient source. We previously identified two different sialidase genes in Bifidobacterium bifidum, and one was cloned and expressed as an extracellular protein designated as exo-α-sialidase SiaBb2. The other exo-α-sialidase gene (siabb1) from the same bifidobacterium encodes an extracellular protein (SiaBb1) consisting of 1795 amino acids with a molecular mass of 189 kDa. SiaBb1 possesses a catalytic domain that classifies this enzyme as a glycoside hydrolase family 33 member. SiaBb1 preferentially hydrolyzes α2,3-linked sialic acid over α2,6-linked sialic acid from sialoglycan, which is the same as SiaBb2. However, SiaBb1 has an SGNH hydrolase domain with sialate-O-acetylesterase activity and an N-terminal signal sequence and C-terminal transmembrane region. SiaBb1 is the first bifunctional sialidase identified with esterase activity.
Abbreviations: GalNAc: N-acetyl-D-galactosamine; Fuc: L-fucose; Gal: D-galactose
On Fathers and
feuilletonistes
: Creativity and Paternity in Balzac’s
La Muse du département
Authors: Bielecki Emma 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

The iconography of Balzac often presents him as paradigmatic of a model of phallic creativity, his theory and practice of the novel seen as exemplifying the patriarchal idea of the author as father. This article demonstrates that this view of Balzac needs to be revised through an examination of his 1843 novel,
La Muse du département
, which combines a story of adultery with a jaundiced depiction of literary labour and creative exhaustion, exploring what becomes of the idea of the author as father in a society with a weakened paternal order. Through examining the metaphoric link the novel establishes between the narrative of adultery and the representation of literary creation, the article develops a meta-poetic reading of the relationship between biological and literary paternity, analysing how the formal characteristics of the novel refract anxieties about the erosion of paternal authority in July Monarchy France.
Longitudinal Associations Between Loneliness and Cognitive Ability in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936
Authors: Okely Judith A , Deary Ian J 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Loneliness is associated with poorer cognitive function in old age; however, the direction of this association is unknown. We tested for reciprocal associations between loneliness and the cognitive ability domains of processing speed, visuospatial ability, verbal memory, and crystallized ability.

Method
We used three triennial waves of longitudinal data from the Lothian Birth Cohort Study 1936, and tested for cross-lagged associations between loneliness and cognitive abilities using cross-lagged panel models.

Results
Better processing speed, visuospatial ability, or crystallized ability at age 73, was associated with less positive changes in loneliness between ages 73 and 76; however, these associations were not replicated between ages 76 and 79. Loneliness at ages 73 and 76 did not predict subsequent changes in cognitive abilities.

Discussion
Our findings indicate an association between cognitive ability and loneliness, such that individuals with lower cognitive abilities at age 73 may be at a slightly higher risk of becoming lonely. However, we did not find support for the hypothesis that loneliness causes a decline in cognitive health.
University-based physical literacy programming for children: Canadian community stakeholders’ recommendations
Authors: Yi Kyoung June , Cameron Erin , Patey Matthew , Loucks-Atkinson Angela , Loeffler T A , McGowan Erin , Sullivan Anne-Marie , Borduas Christopher , Buote Richard 
Published: July 2018

Summary
‘Physical literacy’ (PL) education—that is, teaching foundational skills, attitudes, behaviors and knowledge about lifelong involvements in physical activities, is an important aspect for health promotion among children. Universities have been playing a critical role by teaching future PL professionals. Additionally, various universities have offered university-based PL programming for neighborhood children as a way of public health promotion service and community engagement. However, this additional role of universities and the ways of promoting the quality of this type of health promotion service programming have not been investigated in the current research literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the practicable strategies to enhance the quality of university-based PL programming for children from the perspectives of community stakeholders. Overall, 24 community stakeholders who held professional positions that are related to PL education participated in a 90-min focus group interview. This grounded theory study identified that university-based PL programming for children should be (i) inclusive, (ii) collaborative, (iii) welcoming and (iv) responsive. Practical suggestions and recommendations were also provided. This study has provided empirical knowledge to prioritize aspects for the future actions in planning and implementing university-based PL programming for children and informed for further cross-cultural comparisons amongst the perspectives of participants, university service providers and community stakeholders. The knowledge acquired from this research will also be translated to university service providers who operate similar type of health promotion service programming to the public.
Folate Receptor Overexpression in Human and Canine Meningiomas—Immunohistochemistry and Case Report of Intraoperative Molecular Imaging
Authors: Pierce John T , Cho Steve S , Nag Shayoni , Zeh Ryan , Jeon Jun , Holt David , Durham Amy , Nasrallah MacLean P , Singhal Sunil , Lee John Y K 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Meningiomas are well-encapsulated benign brain tumors and surgical resection is often curative. Nevertheless, this is not always possible due to the difficulty of identifying residual disease intraoperatively. We hypothesized that meningiomas overexpress folate receptor alpha (FRα), allowing intraoperative molecular imaging by targeting FRα with a near-infrared (NIR) dye.

OBJECTIVE
To determine FRα expression in both human and canine meningioma cohorts to prepare for future clinical studies. Present a case study of a meningioma resection with intraoperative NIR fluorescence imaging.

METHODS
Tissue samples of 27 human meningioma specimens and 7 canine meningioma specimens were immunohistochemically stained for FRα along with normal dura, skeletal muscle, and kidney tissue. We then enrolled a patient with a pituitary adenoma and tuberculum sella meningioma in a clinical trial in which the patient received an infusion of folate-linked, NIR fluorescent dye prior to surgery.

RESULTS
In the cohort of human meningiomas, 9 WHO grade I, 12 grade II, and 6 grade III tumors were identified. Eighty-nine percent of WHO grade I, 67% of grade II, and 50% of grade III tumors overexpressed FRα. In the 7 canine meningioma samples, 100% stained positively for FRα. Both human and canine normal dura from autopsy samples demonstrated no evidence of FRα overexpression. In the case study, the meningioma demonstrated a high NIR signal-to-background-ratio of 4.0 and demonstrated strong FRα immunohistochemistry staining.

CONCLUSION
This study directly demonstrates FRα overexpression in both human and canine meningiomas. We also demonstrate superb intraoperative imaging of a meningioma using a FRα-targeting dye.