bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online survey to assess parents’ experience and preferences for follow-up visits for children living with type 1 diabetes in Quebec, Canada: a study protocol
Authors: Laberge Maude , Badreddine Malek , Rekik Monia 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionIt is accepted that although patients may initiate a visit to a healthcare provider, follow-up visits are often based on recommendations from providers. This suggests that follow-up care, since not initiated by patients, may not reflect patients’ perception of a need for care. However, few studies have examined the burden of regular follow-up care and patients’ perceived value of such care. For parents of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), follow-up visits are scheduled regardless of how well controlled the diabetes is. Our study examines how benefits and burden from the parents’ perspective could affect their preferences in regard to the frequency of regular follow-up care.MethodsWe aim to develop an online patient survey to be distributed to parents of children living with T1D in the province of Quebec, Canada. The survey will be available in French and English, and distributed through diabetes clinics, on social media groups and forums for parents of children with T1D. The survey will be developed in collaboration with parents of children with T1D to ensure that it appropriately reflects the services in regular follow-up care and that the language is understandable and clear.Ethics and disseminationAll participants will be informed of the requirements and objectives of the survey at the beginning of the questionnaire and that the data collected will remain anonymous and confidential. Ethics approval for the study was obtained from the research ethics committee of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval. Results of the study will be shared with relevant stakeholders with the aim of improving practices and better meeting patients’ and families’ needs.
Determinants of antenatal care utilisation in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Okedo-Alex Ijeoma Nkem , Akamike Ifeyinwa Chizoba , Ezeanosike Obumneme Benaiah , Uneke Chigozie Jesse 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesTo identify the determinants of antenatal care (ANC) utilisation in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesDatabases searched were PubMed, OVID, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science.Eligibility criteriaPrimary studies reporting on determinants of ANC utilisation following multivariate analysis, conducted in sub-Saharan Africa and published in English language between 2008 and 2018.Data extraction and synthesisA data extraction form was used to extract the following information: name of first author, year of publication, study location, study design, study subjects, sample size and determinants. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist for reporting a systematic review or meta-analysis protocol was used to guide the screening and eligibility of the studies. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the quality of the studies while the Andersen framework was used to report findings.Results74 studies that met the inclusion criteria were fully assessed. Most studies identified socioeconomic status, urban residence, older/increasing age, low parity, being educated and having an educated partner, being employed, being married and Christian religion as predictors of ANC attendance and timeliness. Awareness of danger signs, timing and adequate number of antenatal visits, exposure to mass media and good attitude towards ANC utilisation made attendance and initiation of ANC in first trimester more likely. Having an unplanned pregnancy, previous pregnancy complications, poor autonomy, lack of husband’s support, increased distance to health facility, not having health insurance and high cost of services negatively impacted the overall uptake, timing and frequency of antenatal visits.ConclusionA variety of predisposing, enabling and need factors affect ANC utilisation in sub-Saharan Africa. Intersectoral collaboration to promote female education and empowerment, improve geographical access and strengthened implementation of ANC policies with active community participation are recommended.
Artificial intelligence to diagnose ischemic stroke and identify large vessel occlusions: a systematic review
Authors: Murray Nick M , Unberath Mathias , Hager Gregory D , Hui Ferdinand K 
Published: October 2019

Background and purposeAcute stroke caused by large vessel occlusions (LVOs) requires emergent detection and treatment by endovascular thrombectomy. However, radiologic LVO detection and treatment is subject to variable delays and human expertise, resulting in morbidity. Imaging software using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), a branch of AI, may improve rapid frontline detection of LVO strokes. This report is a systematic review of AI in acute LVO stroke identification and triage, and characterizes LVO detection software.MethodsA systematic review of acute stroke diagnostic-focused AI studies from January 2014 to February 2019 in PubMed, Medline, and Embase using terms: ‘artificial intelligence’ or ‘machine learning or deep learning’ and ‘ischemic stroke’ or ‘large vessel occlusion’ was performed.ResultsVariations of AI, including ML methods of random forest learning (RFL) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are used to detect LVO strokes. Twenty studies were identified that use ML. Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) commonly used RFL, while LVO detection typically used CNNs. Image feature detection had greater sensitivity with CNN than with RFL, 85% versus 68%. However, AI algorithm performance metrics use different standards, precluding ideal objective comparison. Four current software platforms incorporate ML: Brainomix (greatest validation of AI for ASPECTS, uses CNNs to automatically detect LVOs), General Electric, iSchemaView (largest number of perfusion study validations for thrombectomy), and Viz.ai (uses CNNs to automatically detect LVOs, then automatically activates emergency stroke treatment systems).ConclusionsAI may improve LVO stroke detection and rapid triage necessary for expedited treatment. Standardization of performance assessment is needed in future studies.
Exponential cosmological solutions with two factor spaces in EGB model with $$\Lambda = 0$$ revisited
Authors: Ivashchuk V. D. , Kobtsev A. A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study exact cosmological solutions inD-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet model (with zero cosmological term) governed by two non-zero constants:$$\alpha _1$$α1and$$\alpha _2$$α2. We deal with exponential dependence (in time) of two scale factors governed by Hubble-like parameters$$H >0$$H>0andh, which correspond to factor spaces of dimensions$$m >2$$m>2and$$l > 2$$l>2, respectively, and$$D = 1 + m + l$$D=1+m+l. We put$$h \ne H$$h≠Hand$$mH + l h \ne 0$$mH+lh≠0. We show that for$$\alpha = \alpha _2/\alpha _1 > 0$$α=α2/α1>0there are two (real) solutions with two sets of Hubble-like parameters:$$(H_1, h_1)$$(H1,h1)and$$(H_2, h_2)$$(H2,h2), which obey:$$ h_1/ H_1< - m/l< h_2/ H_2 < 0$$h1/H1<-m/l<h2/H2<0, while for$$\alpha < 0$$α<0the (real) solutions are absent. We prove that the cosmological solution corresponding to$$(H_2, h_2)$$(H2,h2)is stable in a class of cosmological solutions with diagonal metrics, while the solution corresponding to$$(H_1, h_1)$$(H1,h1)is unstable. We present several examples of analytical solutions, e.g. stable ones with small enough variation of the effective gravitational constantG, for$$(m, l) = (9, l >2), (12, 11), (11,16), (15, 6)$$(m,l)=(9,l>2),(12,11),(11,16),(15,6).
Atmospheric charged $$K/\pi $$ ratio and measurement of muon annual modulation with a liquid scintillation detector at Soudan
Authors: Zhang C. , Mei D.-M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report a measurement of muon annual modulation in a 12-l liquid scintillation detector with a live-time of more than 4 years at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Muon minimum ionization in the detector is identified by its observed pulse shape and large energy deposition. The measured muon rate in the detector is $$28.69\pm 2.09$$28.69±2.09 muons per day with a modulation amplitude of ($$2.64\pm 0.07$$2.64±0.07)% and a phase at Jul $$22 \pm 36.2$$22±36.2 days. This annual modulation is correlated with the variation of the effective atmospheric temperature in the stratosphere. The correlation coefficient, $$\alpha _{T}$$αT, is determined to be $$0.898 \pm 0.025$$0.898±0.025. This can be interpreted as a measurement of the atmospheric charged kaon to pion ($$K/\pi $$K/π) ratio of $$0.094^{+0.044}_{-0.061}$$0.094-0.061+0.044 for $$E_{p} > 7$$Ep>7 TeV, consistent with the measurement from the MINOS far detector. To further constrain the value of $$K/\pi $$K/π ratio, a Geant4 simulation of the primary cosmic-ray protons with energy up to 100 TeV is implemented to study the correlation of $$K/\pi $$K/π ratio and the muon annual modulation for muon energy greater than 0.5 TeV. We find out that a charged $$K/\pi $$K/π ratio of 0.1598, greater than the upper bound (0.138) from this work at the production point 30 km above the Earth surface in the stratosphere cannot induce muon annual modulation at the depth of Soudan.
Effective action of bosonic string theory at order $$\alpha '^2$$
Authors: Garousi Mohammad R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that the gauge invariance requires the minimum number of independent couplings for B-field, metric and dilaton at order $$\alpha '^2$$α′2 to be 60. In this paper we fix the corresponding 60 parameters in string theory by requiring the couplings to be invariant under the global T-duality transformations. The Riemann cubed terms are exactly the same as the couplings that have been found by the S-matrix calculations.
Upregulation of Myt1 Promotes Acquired Resistance of Cancer Cells to Wee1 Inhibition
Authors: Lewis Cody W. , Bukhari Amirali B. , Xiao Edric J. , Choi Won-Shik , Smith Joanne D. , Homola Ellen , Mackey John R. , Campbell Shelagh D. , Gamper Armin M. , Chan Gordon K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Adavosertib (also known as AZD1775 or MK1775) is a small-molecule inhibitor of the protein kinase Wee1, with single-agent activity in multiple solid tumors, including sarcoma, glioblastoma, and head and neck cancer. Adavosertib also shows promising results in combination with genotoxic agents such as ionizing radiation or chemotherapy. Previous studies have investigated molecular mechanisms of primary resistance to Wee1 inhibition. Here, we investigated mechanisms of acquired resistance to Wee1 inhibition, focusing on the role of the Wee1-related kinase Myt1. Myt1 and Wee1 kinases were both capable of phosphorylating and inhibiting Cdk1/cyclin B, the key enzymatic complex required for mitosis, demonstrating their functional redundancy. Ectopic activation of Cdk1 induced aberrant mitosis and cell death by mitotic catastrophe. Cancer cells with intrinsic adavosertib resistance had higher levels of Myt1 compared with sensitive cells. Furthermore, cancer cells that acquired resistance following short-term adavosertib treatment had higher levels of Myt1 compared with mock-treated cells. Downregulating Myt1 enhanced ectopic Cdk1 activity and restored sensitivity to adavosertib. These data demonstrate that upregulating Myt1 is a mechanism by which cancer cells acquire resistance to adavosertib.

Significance:
Myt1 is a candidate predictive biomarker of acquired resistance to the Wee1 kinase inhibitor adavosertib.
Heterogeneous Cellular Contributions to Elastic Laminae Formation in Arterial Wall Development
Authors: Lin Chien-Jung , Staiculescu Marius C. , Hawes Jie Z. , Cocciolone Austin J. , Hunkins Bridget M. , Roth Robyn A. , Lin Chieh-Yu , Mecham Robert P. , Wagenseil Jessica E. 
Published: October 2019

Rationale:
Elastin is an important ECM (extracellular matrix) protein in large and small arteries. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) produce the layered elastic laminae found in elastic arteries but synthesize little elastin in muscular arteries. However, muscular arteries have a well-defined internal elastic lamina (IEL) that separates endothelial cells (ECs) from SMCs. The extent to which ECs contribute elastin to the IEL is unknown.

Objective:
To use targeted elastin (Eln) deletion in mice to explore the relative contributions of SMCs and ECs to elastic laminae formation in different arteries.

Methods and Results:

We used SMC- and EC-specific
Cre
recombinase transgenes with a novel floxed
Eln
allele to focus gene inactivation in mice. Inactivation of
Eln
in SMCs using
Sm22aCre
resulted in depletion of elastic laminae in the arterial wall with the exception of the IEL and SMC clusters in the outer media near the adventitia. Inactivation of elastin in ECs using
Tie2Cre
or
Cdh5Cre
resulted in normal medial elastin and a typical IEL in elastic arteries. In contrast, the IEL was absent or severely disrupted in muscular arteries. Interruptions in the IEL resulted in neointimal formation in the ascending aorta but not in muscular arteries.

Conclusions:
Combined with lineage-specific fate mapping systems, our knockout results document an unexpected heterogeneity in vascular cells that produce the elastic laminae. SMCs and ECs can independently form an IEL in most elastic arteries, whereas ECs are the major source of elastin for the IEL in muscular and resistance arteries. Neointimal formation at IEL disruptions in the ascending aorta confirms that the IEL is a critical physical barrier between SMCs and ECs in the large elastic arteries. Our studies provide new information about how SMCs and ECs contribute elastin to the arterial wall and how local elastic laminae defects may contribute to cardiovascular disease.
Incidence and Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation Progression
Authors: Blum Steffen , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Meyre Pascal , Zwimpfer Leon , Reichlin Tobias , Beer Jürg H. , Ammann Peter , Auricchio Angelo , Kobza Richard , Erne Paul , Moschovitis Giorgio , Di Valentino Marcello , Shah Dipen , Schläpfer Jürg , Henz Selina , Meyer‐Zürn Christine , Roten Laurent , Schwenkglenks Matthias , Sticherling Christian , Kühne Michael , Osswald Stefan , Conen David ,   for the Swiss‐AF Investigators
Published: October 2019

Background

The incidence and predictors of atrial fibrillation (
AF
) progression are currently not well defined, and clinical
AF
progression partly overlaps with rhythm control interventions (
RCI
s).

Methods and Results

We assessed
AF
type and intercurrent
RCI
s during yearly follow‐ups in 2869 prospectively followed patients with paroxysmal or persistent
AF
. Clinical
AF
progression was defined as progression from paroxysmal to nonparoxysmal or from persistent to permanent
AF
. An
RCI
was defined as pulmonary vein isolation, electrical cardioversion, or new treatment with amiodarone. During a median follow‐up of 3 years, the incidence of clinical
AF
progression was 5.2 per 100 patient‐years, and 10.9 per 100 patient‐years for any
RCI
. Significant predictors for
AF
progression were body mass index (hazard ratio [
HR
], 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.05), heart rate (
HR
per 5 beats/min increase, 1.05; 95%
CI
, 1.02–1.08), age (
HR
per 5‐year increase 1.19; 95%
CI,
1.13–1.27), systolic blood pressure (
HR
per 5 mm Hg increase, 1.03; 95%
CI
, 1.00–1.05), history of hyperthyroidism (
HR
, 1.71; 95%
CI
, 1.16–2.52), stroke (
HR
, 1.50; 95%
CI
, 1.19–1.88), and heart failure (
HR
, 1.69; 95%
CI
, 1.34–2.13). Regular physical activity (
HR
, 0.80; 95%
CI
, 0.66–0.98) and previous pulmonary vein isolation (
HR
, 0.69; 95%
CI
, 0.53–0.90) showed an inverse association. Significant predictive factors for
RCI
s were physical activity (
HR
, 1.42; 95%
CI
, 1.20–1.68),
AF
‐related symptoms (
HR
, 1.84; 95%
CI
, 1.47–2.30), age (
HR
per 5‐year increase, 0.88; 95%
CI
, 0.85–0.92), and paroxysmal
AF
(
HR
, 0.61; 95%
CI
, 0.51–0.73).

Conclusions

Cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities were key predictors of clinical
AF
progression. A healthy lifestyle may therefore reduce the risk of
AF
progression.
Reconstructing the Ocean Interior from High-Resolution Sea Surface Information
Authors: Liu Lei , Xue Huijie , Sasaki Hideharu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhen evaluated against the 1/30°-resolution, submesoscale-resolving OFES model outputs, the previously published “interior + surface quasigeostrophic” method (from the 2013 study by Wang et al., denoted W13) for reconstructing the ocean interior from sea surface information is found to perform improperly in depicting smaller-scale oceanic motions (associated with horizontal scales smaller than about 150 km). This could be attributed to the fact that the W13 method uses only the barotropic and first baroclinic modes for the downward projection of sea surface height (SSH), while SSH at smaller scales significantly reflects other higher-order modes. To overcome this limitation of W13, an extended method (denoted L19) is proposed by employing a scale-dependent vertical projection of SSH. Specifically, the L19 method makes the projection via two gravest modes as proposed in the W13 method only for larger-scale (>150 km) signals, but for smaller scales (≤150 km) it exploits the framework of the “effective” surface quasigeostrophic (eSQG) method. Evaluation of the W13, eSQG, and L19 methods shows that the proposed L19 method can achieve the most satisfactory subsurface reconstruction in terms of both the flow and density fields in the upper 1000 m. Our encouraging results highlight the potential applicability of L19 method to the high-resolution SSH data from the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission.
How Do Drivers Respond to Silent Automation Failures? Driving Simulator Study and Comparison of Computational Driver Braking Models
Authors: Bianchi Piccinini Giulio , Lehtonen Esko , Forcolin Fabio , Engström Johan , Albers Deike , Markkula Gustav , Lodin Johan , Sandin Jesper 
Published: October 2019

Objective This paper aims to describe and test novel computational driver models, predicting drivers’ brake reaction times (BRTs) to different levels of lead vehicle braking, during driving with cruise control (CC) and during silent failures of adaptive cruise control (ACC). Background Validated computational models predicting BRTs to silent failures of automation are lacking but are important for assessing the safety benefits of automated driving. Method Two alternative models of driver response to silent ACC failures are proposed: a looming prediction model, assuming that drivers embody a generative model of ACC, and a lower gain model, assuming that drivers’ arousal decreases due to monitoring of the automated system. Predictions of BRTs issued by the models were tested using a driving simulator study. Results The driving simulator study confirmed the predictions of the models: (a) BRTs were significantly shorter with an increase in kinematic criticality, both during driving with CC and during driving with ACC; (b) BRTs were significantly delayed when driving with ACC compared with driving with CC. However, the predicted BRTs were longer than the ones observed, entailing a fitting of the models to the data from the study. Conclusion Both the looming prediction model and the lower gain model predict well the BRTs for the ACC driving condition. However, the looming prediction model has the advantage of being able to predict average BRTs using the exact same parameters as the model fitted to the CC driving data. Application Knowledge resulting from this research can be helpful for assessing the safety benefits of automated driving.
Knowing What’s Coming: Unpredictable Motion Causes More Motion Sickness
Authors: Kuiper Ouren X. , Bos Jelte E. , Schmidt Eike A. , Diels Cyriel , Wolter Stefan 
Published: October 2019

Objective This study explores the role of anticipation in motion sickness. We compared three conditions varying in motion predictability and assessed the effect of anticipation on subsequent illness ratings using a within-subjects design. Background Anticipation is thought to play a role in motion sickness by reducing the discrepancy between sensed and expected sensory information. However, both the exact role and potential magnitude of anticipation on motion sickness are unknown. Method Participants ( N = 17) were exposed to three 15-min conditions consisting of repeated fore-aft motion on a sled on a 40-m rail (1) at constant intervals and consistent motion direction, (2) at constant intervals but varied motion direction, and (3) at varied intervals but consistent motion direction. Conditions were otherwise identical in motion intensity and displacement, as they were composed of the same repetitions of identical blocks of motion. Illness ratings were recorded at 1-min intervals using an 11-point motion sickness scale. Results Average illness ratings after exposure were significantly lower for the predictable condition, compared with both the directionally unpredictable condition and the temporally unpredictable condition. Conclusion Unpredictable motion is significantly more provocative compared with predictable motion. Findings suggest motion sickness results from a discrepancy between sensed and expected motion, rather than from unpreparedness to motion. Application This study underlines the importance of an individual’s anticipation to motion in motion sickness. Furthermore, this knowledge could be used in domains such as that of autonomous vehicles to reduce carsickness.
Supporting Surgical Teams: Identifying Needs and Barriers for Exoskeleton Implementation in the Operating Room
Authors: Cha Jackie S. , Monfared Sara , Stefanidis Dimitrios , Nussbaum Maury A. , Yu Denny 
Published: October 2019

Objective The objective of this study was to identify potential needs and barriers related to using exoskeletons to decrease musculoskeletal (MS) symptoms for workers in the operating room (OR). Background MS symptoms and injuries adversely impact worker health and performance in surgical environments. Half of the surgical team members (e.g., surgeons, nurses, trainees) report MS symptoms during and after surgery. Although the ergonomic risks in surgery are well recognized, little has been done to develop and sustain effective interventions. Method Surgical team members ( n = 14) participated in focus groups, performed a 10-min simulated surgical task with a commercial upper-body exoskeleton, and then completed a usability questionnaire. Content analysis was conducted to determine relevant themes. Results Four themes were identified: (1) characteristics of individuals, (2) perceived benefits, (3) environmental/societal factors, and (4) intervention characteristics. Participants noted that exoskeletons would benefit workers who stand in prolonged, static postures (e.g., holding instruments for visualization) and indicated that they could foresee a long-term decrease in MS symptoms with the intervention. Specifically, raising awareness of exoskeletons for early-career workers and obtaining buy-in from team members may increase future adoption of this technology. Mean participant responses from the System Usability Scale was 81.3 out of 100 ( SD = 8.1), which was in the acceptable range of usability. Conclusion Adoption factors were identified to implement exoskeletons in the OR, such as the indicated need for exoskeletons and usability. Exoskeletons may be beneficial in the OR, but barriers such as maintenance and safety to adoption will need to be addressed. Application Findings from this work identify facilitators and barriers for sustained implementation of exoskeletons by surgical teams.