bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variant in the β2‐adrenergic receptor (Arg16Gly) influences fat‐free mass, muscle strength and motor unit behaviour in young men
Authors: Jenkins Nathaniel D. M. , Colquhoun Ryan J. , Tomko Patrick M. , Gradnigo Trey , Magrini Mitchel A. , Muddle Tyler W. D. , Fleming Sydnie , Ferrell Matthew , El‐Sohemy Ahmed 
Published: September 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does a common genetic variant in the β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2‐AR) have effects on skeletal muscle function in young, healthy men?

What is the main finding and its importance?
This study provides preliminary evidence that β2‐AR Arg16Gly genotype has a significant effect on fat‐free mass, muscle strength and motor unit behaviour in recreationally trained men. These data might have important clinical and exercise‐related implications. For example, β2‐AR (rs1042713) genotype might influence the responsiveness of skeletal muscle to clinical or exercise‐based interventions or β‐AR agonist treatment.

AbstractThis study explored whether the β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2‐AR) single nucleotide polymorphism at amino acid 16 (Arg16Gly) has functional effects on skeletal muscle mass, torque production and motor unit behaviour in young, healthy men. Twenty‐eight recreationally active men (mean ± SD 23.1 ± 1.3 years of age) were genotyped for Arg16Gly polymorphisms of β2‐AR as arginine homozygous (ArgArg; n = 5), glycine homozygous (GlyGly; n = 11) or arginine–glycine heterozygous (ArgGly; n = 12). The participants then completed body composition testing, assessments of leg extensor size and echo intensity, and evoked and voluntary isometric leg‐extension muscle actions. During the evoked muscle actions, peak twitch torque, peak rate of torque development and peak relaxation rate were assessed. During the voluntary muscle actions, maximal voluntary isometric (MVIC) strength was assessed, and surface EMG signals were obtained during submaximal isometric muscle actions and later decomposed to examine motor unit firing behaviour. Fat‐free mass and MVIC strength were greater (P = 0.004, d = 1.74 and P = 0.026, d = 1.10, respectively) in those expressing the GlyGly versus ArgArg allele. The slope of the mean firing rate versus recruitment threshold relationship was more negative in the GlyGly than the ArgArg allele carriers (P = 0.012, d = 1.68) at 50% MVIC, but was less negative in GlyGly and ArgGly versus ArgArg allele carriers (P = 0.013 and 0.016, respectively; d = 1.34 and 1.20, respectively) at 70% MVIC. These data provide preliminary evidence that β2‐AR Arg16Gly genotype has a significant effect on fat‐free mass, muscle strength and motor unit behaviour in humans.
Regularization-Free Strain Mapping in Three Dimensions, With Application to Cardiac Ultrasound
Authors: Boyle John J. , Soepriatna Arvin , Damen Frederick , Rowe Roger A. , Pless Robert B. , Kovacs Attila , Goergen Craig J. , Thomopoulos Stavros , Genin Guy M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Quantifying dynamic strain fields from time-resolved volumetric medical imaging and microscopy stacks is a pressing need for radiology and mechanobiology. A critical limitation of all existing techniques is regularization: because these volumetric images are inherently noisy, the current strain mapping techniques must impose either displacement regularization and smoothing that sacrifices spatial resolution, or material property assumptions that presuppose a material model, as in hyperelastic warping. Here, we present, validate, and apply the first three-dimensional (3D) method for estimating mechanical strain directly from raw 3D image stacks without either regularization or assumptions about material behavior. We apply the method to high-frequency ultrasound images of mouse hearts to diagnose myocardial infarction. We also apply the method to present the first ever in vivo quantification of elevated strain fields in the heart wall associated with the insertion of the chordae tendinae. The method shows promise for broad application to dynamic medical imaging modalities, including high-frequency ultrasound, tagged magnetic resonance imaging, and confocal fluorescence microscopy.
Li-Ion Battery Pack Thermal Management: Liquid Versus Air Cooling
Authors: Han Taeyoung , Khalighi Bahram , Yen Erik C. , Kaushik Shailendra 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Li-ion battery operation life is strongly dependent on the operating temperature and the temperature variation that occurs within each individual cell. Liquid-cooling is very effective in removing substantial amounts of heat with relatively low flow rates. On the other hand, air-cooling is simpler, lighter, and easier to maintain. However, for achieving similar cooling performance, a much higher volumetric air flow rate is required due to its lower heat capacity. This paper describes the fundamental differences between air-cooling and liquid-cooling applications in terms of basic flow and heat transfer parameters for Li-ion battery packs in terms of QITD (inlet temperature difference). For air-cooling concepts with high QITD, one must focus on heat transfer devices with relatively high heat transfer coefficients (100–150 W/m2/K) at air flow rates of 300–400 m3/h, low flow induced noise, and low-pressure drops. This can be achieved by using turbulators, such as delta winglets. The results show that the design concepts based on delta winglets can achieve QITD of greater than 150 W/K.
Analysis
of Thermal Characteristic of Spur/Helical Gear
Transmission
Authors: Li Wei , Zhai Pengfei , Ding Lei 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Gear drives are widely used in mechanical driving devices, and the heating problem of gear has been paid much attention. The tooth surface temperature field of spur/helical gear is compared and thermal characteristic of spur/helical gear is studied in this paper. The calculation formula of frictional heat flux and convective heat transfer coefficient, which considers different surfaces of gear tooth, is derived. The frictional heat flux of the helical gear is different from that of the spur gear, and the calculation method is different. The finite element parametric model for thermal analysis is built and it realizes the automatic parametric modeling, loading, and generation of temperature field by ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) program. The influence of different parameters on gear temperature rise is analyzed and the distribution of the three-dimensional (3D) temperature field of spur/helical is obtained. The simulation analysis and experiment are compared to validate the accuracy of thermal analysis results. The research result reveals the distribution law of the 3D temperature field of spur/helical gear transmission at different working parameters. It provides theoretical guidance for gear antiscuffing capability and gear optimization design.
Vision-Based Modal Analysis Using Multiple Vibration Distribution Synthesis to Inspect Large-Scale Structures
Authors: Aoyama Tadayoshi , Li Liang , Jiang Mingjun , Takaki Takeshi , Ishii Idaku , Yang Hua , Umemoto Chikako , Matsuda Hiroshi , Chikaraishi Makoto , Fujiwara Akimasa 
Published: September 2018

Previously, we proposed a multithread active vision system with virtual multiple pan-tilt tracking cameras by rapidly switching the viewpoints for the vibration sensing of large-scale structures. We also developed a system using a galvanometer mirror that can switch 500 different viewpoints in 1 s. However, the measurement rate of each observation point is low, and the time density is not always sufficient. In addition, strong multiple illuminations are required for the system owing to the retro reflective markers attached to the object being observed. In this study, we propose a multiple vibration distribution synthesis method for vibration analysis that increases the sampling rate of each observation point in the multi-thread active vision system, which is subsequently modified to a system that requires only one illumination by using corner cubes as markers. Several dynamics-based inspection experiments are conducted for a 4 m long truss-structure bridge model. The proposed method and system are verified via a high-order modal analysis, which was impossible to perform in the previous method and system.
Photophobia and sensations of dryness in patients with migraine occur independent of baseline tear volume and improve following botulinum toxin A injections
Authors: Diel Ryan J , Hwang Jodi , Kroeger Zachary A , Levitt Roy C , Sarantopoulos Constantine D , Sered Heather , Felix Elizabeth R , Martinez-Barrizonte Jasmine , Galor Anat 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) in reducing photophobia and dry eye symptoms in individuals with chronic migraine. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate tear film volume as a potential contributor to symptoms in these patients.MethodsRetrospective review of 76 patients who received BoNT-A for chronic migraine between 23 August 2017 and 13 December 2017 at the Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center Neurotoxin Clinic. Demographic data and all comorbidities were queried via chart review. Standardised validated surveys were administered to assess symptoms prior to and after BoNT-A injection. Preinjection tear volumes were obtained using the phenol red thread (PRT) test.ResultsPreinjection migraine, photophobia and dry eye symptom scores were all significantly correlated, p<0.05, and none were associated with preinjection PRT results. After BoNT-A, improvements in migraine, photophobia and dry eye symptoms were also significantly correlated, p<0.05 and similarly did not associate with preinjection PRT results. Photophobia scores significantly improved following BoNT-A, while dry eye symptoms significantly improved in those with severe symptoms at baseline (DEQ-5 score ≥12), p=0.027. In logistic regression analysis of all individuals with dry eye symptoms (DEQ-5 ≥6), individuals with more severe dry eye symptoms were more likely improve, OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.51, p<0.01.ConclusionsBoNT-A significantly improved photophobia in patients being treated for migraine and also improved dry eye symptoms in patients with severe symptoms at baseline, independent of baseline tear film volume. These improvements may be due to modulation of shared trigeminal neural pathways.
Health system governance following devolution: comparing experiences of decentralisation in Kenya and Indonesia
Authors: McCollum Rosalind , Limato Ralalicia , Otiso Lilian , Theobald Sally , Taegtmeyer Miriam 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionDevolution reforms in Indonesia and Kenya have brought extensive changes to governance structures and mechanisms for financing and delivering healthcare. Community health approaches can contribute towards attaining many of devolution’s objectives, including community participation, responsiveness, accountability and improved equity. We set out to examine governance in two countries at different stages in the devolution journey: Indonesia at 15 years postdevolution and Kenya at 3 years.MethodsWe collected qualitative data across multiple levels of the health system in one district in Indonesia and ten counties in Kenya, through 80 interviews and six focus group discussions (FGD) in Indonesia and 269 interviews and 14 FGDs in Kenya. Qualitative data were digitally recorded, transcribed and coded before thematic framework analysis. Common themes between contexts were identified inductively and deductively, and similarities and differences critically analysed during an inter-country analysis workshop.ResultsFollowing devolution both Indonesia and Kenya experienced similar challenges ensuring good governance for health. Devolution reforms transformed power relationships, increasing responsibilities at subnational levels and introducing opportunities for citizen participation. In both contexts, the impact of these mechanisms has been undermined by insufficiently clear guidance; failure to address pre-existing negative contextual norms and practices varied decision-maker values, limited priority-setting capacity and limited genuine community accountability. As a consequence, priorities in both contexts are too often placed on curative rather than preventive health services.ConclusionWe recommend consideration of increased intersectoral actions that address social determinants of health, challenge negative norms and practices and place emphasis on community-based primary health services.
Bone marrow-stimulating techniques in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kuo Liang-Tseng , Chen Chi-Lung , Yu Pei-An , Tsai Yu-Shiun , Hsu Wei-Hsiu , Chi Ching-Chi , Yoo Jae Chul 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionBone marrow-stimulating (BMS) techniques during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery theoretically enhance the biological component for healing and hence improve tendon healing, but their efficacy remains unproven. The purpose of this review is to determine the effects and associated harms of BMS in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery.Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective cohort studies (RCS) that compare outcomes following BMS use against no use of BMS during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery. We will search the databases including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline and Embase, and clinical trial registries for relevant studies. We will include studies published from start of indexing until 23 August 2018. Two reviewers will independently assess the eligibility for studies. For each included trial, we will conduct duplicate independent data extraction and risk of bias assessment. We will use the Cochrane Collaboration tool to assess the risk of bias of included RCTs, while we will use the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions tool to evaluate the risk of bias of RCS. We will perform a random-effects meta-analysis in calculating the pooled risk estimates when appropriate. We will assess the overall quality of the data for each individual outcome using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Development and Evaluation approach. The primary outcomes are tendon healing rate, overall pain and shoulder functions. The secondary outcomes are the proportion of participants with adverse events related to interventions, the range of motion and the proportion of participants with return to previous activities.Ethics and disseminationWe will report this review according to the guidance of the PRISMA statement. The results of this review will be disseminated through conference presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018087161.
Barriers and facilitators for implementation of electronic consultations (eConsult) to enhance specialist access to care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Osman Mohamed A , Schick-Makaroff Kara , Thompson Stephanie , Featherstone Robin , Bialy Liza , Kurzawa Julia , Okpechi Ikechi G , Habib Syed , Shojai Soroush , Jindal Kailash , Klarenbach Scott , Bello Aminu K 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionElectronic consultations (eConsult), asynchronous exchanges of patient health information at a distance, are increasingly used as an option to facilitate patient care and collaboration between primary care providers and specialists. Although eConsult has demonstrated success in increasing efficiency in the referral process and enhancing access to care, little is known about the factors influencing its wider adoption and implementation by end users. In this paper, we describe a protocol to conduct a scoping review of the literature on the barriers and facilitators to a wider adoption and implementation of eConsult service.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will be based on the framework pioneered by Arksey and O’Malley and later developed by Levacet al. We will use the guidance for scoping reviews developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute to report our findings. In addition to several electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EBSCOhost and PsycINFO) studies will be identified by including relevant grey literature. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and full texts for inclusion. Studies reporting on barriers and/or facilitators in settings similar to eConsult will be included. Data on study characteristics and key barriers and facilitators will be extracted. Data will be analysed thematically and classified using the Quadruple Aim framework.Ethics and disseminationApproval by research ethics board is not required since the review will only include published and publicly accessible data. Review findings will be used to inform future studies and the development of practice tools to support the wider adoption and success of eConsult implementation. We plan to publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal and develop a useful and accessible summary of the results.
Hospitalisations for heart failure predict mortality in pulmonary hypertension related to congenital heart disease
Authors: Ntiloudi Despoina , Apostolopoulou Sotiria , Vasiliadis Konstantinos , Frogoudaki Alexandra , Tzifa Aphrodite , Ntellos Christos , Brili Styliani , Manginas Athanasios , Pitsis Antonios , Kolios Marios , Karvounis Haralambos , Tsioufis Costas , Goudevenos John , Rammos Spyridon , Giannakoulas George 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveDespite the progress in the management of patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), a significant proportion of patients still develop pulmonary hypertension (PH). We aimed to highlight the rate of the complications in PH-ACHD and the predicting factors of cumulative mortality risk in this population.MethodsData were obtained from the cohort of the national registry of ACHD in Greece from February 2012 until January 2018.ResultsOverall, 65 patients receiving PH-specific therapy were included (mean age 46.1±14.4 years, 64.6% females). Heavily symptomatic (New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV) were 53.8% of patients. The majority received monotherapy, while combination therapy was administered in 41.5% of patients. Cardiac arrhythmia was reported in 30.8%, endocarditis in 1.5%, stroke in 4.6%, pulmonary arterial thrombosis in 6.2%, haemoptysis in 3.1% and hospitalisation due to heart failure (HF) in 23.1%. Over a median follow-up of 3 years (range 1–6), 12 (18.5%) patients died. On univariate Cox regression analysis history of HF hospitalisation emerged as a strong predictor of mortality (HR 8.91, 95% CI 2.64 to 30.02, p<0.001), which remained significant after adjustment for age and for NYHA functional class.ConclusionsLong-term complications are common among patients with PH-ACHD. Hospitalisations for HF predict mortality and should be considered in the risk stratification of this population.
Neighbourhood racial/ethnic residential segregation and cardiometabolic risk: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis
Authors: Mayne Stephanie L , Hicken Margaret T , Merkin Sharon Stein , Seeman Teresa E , Kershaw Kiarri N , Do D Phuong , Hajat Anjum , Diez Roux Ana V 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundRacial residential segregation has been linked to adverse health outcomes, but associations may operate through multiple pathways. Prior studies have not examined associations of neighbourhood-level racial segregation with an index of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and whether associations differ by race/ethnicity.MethodsWe used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis to estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of baseline neighbourhood-level racial residential segregation with a composite measure of CMR. Participants included 5015 non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white and Hispanic participants aged 45–84 years old over 12 years of follow-up (2000–2012). We used linear mixed effects models to estimate race-stratified associations of own-group segregation with CMR at baseline and with the rate of annual change in CMR. Models were adjusted for sociodemographics, medication use and individual-level and neighbourhood-level socioeconomic status (SES).ResultsIn models adjusted for sociodemographics and medication use, high baseline segregation was associated with higher baseline CMR among blacks and Hispanics but lower baseline CMR among whites. Individual and neighbourhood-level SES fully explained observed associations between segregation and CMR for whites and Hispanics. However, associations of segregation with CMR among blacks remained (high vs low segregation: mean difference 0.17 SD units, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.32; medium vs low segregation: mean difference 0.18 SD units, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.33). Baseline segregation was not associated with change in CMR index scores over time.ConclusionAssociations of own-group racial residential segregation with CMR varied by race/ethnicity. After accounting for SES, living in a more segregated neighbourhood was associated with greater risk among black participants only.
Longitudinal Assessment of Outcome From Prenatal Diagnosis Through Fontan Operation for Over 500 Fetuses With Single Ventricle‐Type Congenital Heart Disease: The Philadelphia Fetus‐to‐Fontan Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Michael Y. , Zielonka Benjamin , Snarr Brian S. , Zhang Xuemei , Gaynor J. William , Rychik Jack 
Published: September 2018

Background
Prenatal diagnosis of single ventricle‐type congenital heart disease is associated with improved clinical courses. Prenatal counseling allows for optimal delivery preparations and opportunity for prenatal intervention. Expectant parents frequently ask what the likelihood of survival through staged palliation is and the factors that influence outcome. Our goal was specifically to quantify peri‐ and postnatal outcomes in this population.

Methods and Results
We identified all patients with a prenatal diagnosis of single ventricle‐type congenital heart disease presenting between July 2004 and December 2011 at our institution. Maternal data, fetal characteristics, and data from the postnatal clinical course were collected for each patient. Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate analysis with logistic regression were used to evaluate variables associated with decreased transplant‐free survival. Five hundred two patients were identified, consisting of 381 (76%) right ventricle– and 121 left ventricle–dominant lesions. After prenatal diagnosis, 42 patients did not follow up at our center; 79 (16%) chose termination of pregnancy, and 11 had intrauterine demise with 370 (74%) surviving to birth. Twenty‐two (6%) underwent palliative care at birth. Among 348 surviving to birth with intention to treat, 234 (67%) survived to at least 6 months post‐Fontan palliation. Presence of fetal hydrops, right ventricle dominance, presence of extracardiac anomalies, and low birthweight were significantly associated with decreased transplant‐free survival.

Conclusions
In patients with a prenatal diagnosis of single ventricle‐type congenital heart disease and intention to treat, 67% survive transplant‐free to at least 6 months beyond Fontan operation. An additional 5% survive to 4 years of age without transplant or Fontan completion. Fetuses with right ventricle–dominant lesions, extracardiac anomalies, hydrops, or low birthweights have decreased transplant‐free survival.