bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Field Applications of Novel Oil-Based Mud in Western South China Sea
Authors: Guo Yongbin , Liu Zhiqin , Guan Shen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The conventional oil-based mud used in the second member of Weizhou formation in Beibu Gulf Oilfield is of character of low oil-water ratio and electric voltage, which makes the water phase activity in mud unable to be adjusted during drilling operation to balance the water activity in collapse-prone formation, and causes the shale to hydrate and disperse. At the same time, the sealing material and mechanism are relatively simple, making it difficult to fill the irregular micro-crack in the collapse-prone formation, and downhole problem for wellbore instability, resulting in poor reservoir protection effect. In order to solve the aforementioned problems, the collapse mechanism of hard brittle gray mudstone in the second member of Weizhou formation was analyzed. The oil-water ratio was improved on the basis of the oil-based mud formula used in the collapse-prone formation of Weizhou formation in the early stage, and the electric voltage of mud was improved by the compoound emulsifier. Also with the optimization of composite particle size plugging materials and with compound plugging mechanism, a novel oil-based mud system was established. The performance evaluation shows that the optimized oil-based mud is of high oil-water ratio (95:5 or higher). The electric voltage is greater than 2000V, and the plastic viscosity is small (PV: 36-50) and less amount of filtration (1mL). The sealing pressure is outstanding (the compressive strength of mud cake is greater than 20MPa), and the water/soil pollution resistance is promising. In the aspect of reservoir protection effect, the reservoir core permeability recovery rate reaches 98.70%. Moreover, in the aspect of inhibition performance evaluation, the shale hot-rolling recovery rate is up to 99.10%. And the cuttings remain intact after a long period of soaking for rock samples. Field application shows that novel oil-based mud system can solve the problem of wellbore instability in the collapse-prone formation of the second member of Weizhou formation. The borehole remained stable, and the casing was run smoothly after drilling. At the same time, the reservoir protection effect is good, with production rate three times higher than estimation. The successful application of this system can effectively solve the problem of drilling and reservoir protection in the collapse-prone Weizhou formation of Beibu Gulf.
Do Poor Patients Suffer from Inaccurate Diagnoses More than Well-to-do Patients? A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Alwan Ibrahim Alwan Al , Magzoub Mohi Eldin Mohammed Ali , Haqwi Ali Al , Badri Motasim , Yousif Sarah Al , Babiker Amir , Mamede Silvia , Schmidt Henk 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background. Poor patients have greater morbidity and die up to ten years earlier than patients who have higher socio-economic status. These findings are often attributed to differences in life-style between groups. The present study aimed at investigating the extent to which physicians contribute to the effect by providing relative poorer care, perhaps resulting in relative neglect in terms of time spent with a poor patient and more inaccurate diagnoses.
Methods. A randomised experiment with 45 internal medicine residents. Doctors diagnosed twelve written clinical vignettes that were exactly the same except for the description of the patients' socio-economic status. Each participant diagnosed four of the vignettes in a poor-patient version, four in a rich-patient version, and four in a version that did not contain socio-economic markers, in a balanced within-subjects incomplete block design. Main measurements were: diagnostic accuracy scores and time spent on diagnosis.
Results. Mean diagnostic accuracy scores (range 0-1) did not significantly differ among the conditions of the experiment (for poor patients: 0.48; for rich patients: 0.52; for patients without socio-economic markers: 0.54; p > 0.05). While confronted with patients not presenting with socio-economic background information, the participants spent significantly less time-to-diagnosis ((for poor patients: 168 seconds; for rich patients: 176 seconds; for patients without socio-economic markers: 151 seconds; p < 0.01), however due to the fact that the former vignettes were shorter.
Conclusion. There is no reason to believe that physicians are prejudiced against poor patients and therefore treat them differently from rich patients or patients without discernible socio-economic background.
Tomato glycosyltransferase Twi1 plays a role in flavonoid glycosylation and defence against virus
Authors: Campos Laura , López-Gresa María Pilar , Fuertes Diana , Bellés José María , Rodrigo Ismael , LIsón Purificación 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Secondary metabolites play an important role in the plant defensive response. They are produced as a defence mechanism against biotic stress by providing plants with antimicrobial and antioxidant weapons. In higher plants, the majority of secondary metabolites accumulate as glycoconjugates. Glycosylation is one of the commonest modifications of secondary metabolites, and is carried out by enzymes called glycosyltransferases. Results: Here we provide evidence that the previously described tomato wound and pathogen-induced glycosyltransferase Twi1 displays in vitro activity toward the coumarins scopoletin, umbelliferone and esculetin, and the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol, by uncovering a new role of this gene in plant glycosylation. To test its activity in vivo, Twi1-silenced transgenic tomato plants were generated and infected with Tomato spotted wilt virus. The Twi1-silenced plants showed a differential accumulation of Twi1 substrates and enhanced susceptibility to the virus. Conclusions: Biochemical in vitro assays and transgenic plants generation proved to be useful strategies to assign a role of tomato Twi1 in the plant defence response. Twi1 glycosyltransferase showed to regulate quercetin and kaempferol levels in tomato plants, affecting plant resistance to viral infection.
Functional Electrical Stimulation‐Assisted Cycle Ergometry in Critically Ill. Protocol of Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Waldauf Petr , Gojda Jan , Urban Tomáš , Hrušková Natália , Blahutová Barbora , Hejnová Marie , Jiroutková Kateřina , Fric Michal , Jánský Pavel , Kukulova Jana , Řasová Kamila , Stephens Francis , Duška František 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Intensive care unit-acquired weakness is the most important cause of failed functional outcome in survivors of critical care. Most damage occurs during the first week when patients are not cooperative enough with conventional rehabilitation. Functional-electrical stimulation-assisted cycle ergometry (FES-CE) applied within 48 of ICU admission may improve muscle function and long-tem outcome. Methods: Assessor-blinded pragmatic single-centre randomized controlled trial. Adults (n=150) mechanically ventilated for <48 hours from 4 ICUs who are estimated to need >7 days of critical care will be randomized (1:1) to receive either standard of care or FES-CE-based intensified rehabilitation, which will continue until ICU discharge. Primary outcome: Quality of life measured by SF-36 score at 6 months. Secondary outcomes: functional performance at ICU discharge, muscle mass (vastus ultrasound, N-balance) and function (MRC score, insulin sensitivity). In a subgroup (n=30) we will assess insulin sensitivity and perform skeletal muscle biopsies to look at mitochondrial function, fibre typing and regulatory proteins expression.
Awareness of Myopia: A Survey Among Parents Residing in Singapore
Authors: Salim Arief Tjitra , Keel Stuart , Foreman Joshua , Dirani Mohamed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Given the rising public health burden of myopia, population-based data on the level of awareness about myopia amongst parents in Singapore are required for planning future awareness campaigns and public health interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness of myopia amongst a group of parents residing in Singapore.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey. A sample of 326 participants aged 19 to 69 years with at least 1 child were recruited at The Kidz Academy (TKA) 2018 exhibition in Singapore. Socio-demographic characteristics, smart device use and awareness of myopia (prevalence and mitigation strategies) were collected via an interviewer-administered online questionnaire.
Results: 56.7% (185/326) of survey respondents were aware of the high prevalence of myopia amongst secondary school-going Singaporean children. 18.1% (59/326) of the respondents reported that an eye-to-screen distance of less than 30 cm was acceptable and 27.0% (88/326) were unaware of the importance of regular eye examinations among children. Less than half of the respondents [46.6% (152/326)] correctly identified that Singaporean children spend at least 6.5 hours a day on digital screens. 87.7% (286/326) were aware of the importance of outdoor activity as an intervention to slow the progression of myopia, with female respondents significantly more likely to be aware of its importance [odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.09 – 4.13, χ2 = 4.86, P = .03].
Conclusion: Survey respondents demonstrated a good level of awareness of the high prevalence of myopia in Singapore and the protective role of outdoor activity in its development and progression. Awareness campaigns may be beneficial for promoting regular eye examinations amongst children and educating the public on the risk of excessive time spent on smart devices.
Quantitative CT parameters correlate with lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yan , Lin Shan , Li Jian-Ting , Wu Jing , Han Dong , Guan Wei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract

purpose : The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between quantitative
computed tomography (CT) parameters and airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD).
Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Knowledge were searched by two investigators from inception to 2018, using a combination of pertinent items to discover articles that investigated the relationship between CT measurements and lung function parameters in patients with COPD. Five reviewers independently evaluated the quality, extracted data and evaluated bias. The correlation coefficient was calculated and heterogeneity was explored. The following CT measurements were extracted: percentage of lung attenuation area < -950 Hounsfield Units (HU), mean lung density, percentage of airway wall area, air trapping index, airway wall thickness. Two airflow obstruction parameters were extracted: forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of prediction (FEV 1 % pred) and FEV 1 divided by forced expiratory volume lung capacity.
Results: A total of 117 studies (19,942 participants) were identified, 36 of which (4,762 participants) were suitable for meta-analysis. Results from our analysis demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between quantitative CT parameters and lung function. The absolute pooled correlation coefficients ranged from 0.44 (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.53) to 0.71(95% CI,0.65 to 0.77) for inspiratory CT and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.65) to 0.66 (95% CI,0.61 to 0.72) for expiratory CT.
Conclusions: Results from this analysis demonstrated that quantitative CT parameters
are significantly correlated with lung function in patients with COPD. With recent
advances in chest CT, we can evaluate morphological features in the lungs that cannot be obtained by other clinical indices, such as pulmonary function tests. Therefore, CT can provide a quantitative method to advance the development and testing of new
interventions and therapies for patients with COPD.
Keywords: Airway obstruction, Systematic review, Meta-analysis.
Incidence of seriously injured road users in a Swedish region, 2003–2014, from the perspective of a national road safety policy
Authors: Värnild Astrid , Belin Matts-Åke , Larm Peter , Tillgren Per 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Since 1997 Sweden has a policy for road safety called Vision Zero. Given that Vision Zero is mainly used to reduce fatalities among car occupants, the question has been raised by the research community whether a Vision Zero approach promotes health for all road traffic users. The objective is to measure target fulfilment of the national road safety policy for a Swedish region by examining incidence of serious injury during 2003–2014 in rural and urban road spaces with or without implemented measures. Methods Data on seriously injured road users, defined as ISS>8 (Injury Severity Scale), were retrieved from STRADA (Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) together with data from NVDB (National Road Database). These data are used to describe where road users are seriously injured in relation to implemented national policy and using a conceptual model of a road space comprising roads, pavements and tracks for walking and cycling. Seriously injured road users in single and multiple crashes with and without vehicles are included. The development of the incidence is analysed for different road users and places in the road space. Results Seriously injured road users increased in rural areas from 7.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2003 to 9.3 in 2014, and in urban areas from 8.0 to 16.3 respectively. In areas not transformed by Vision Zero, only 36% were injured in rural areas while 64% were injured in urban areas. In contrast, in transformed areas 61% of injuries occurred in rural areas, whereas 39% occurred in urban areas. Conclusion Despite implemented road safety measures in the region, the incidence of seriously injured road users doubled in urban areas during 2003–2014, while the incidence decreased for car occupants on transformed national roads in rural areas. In urban areas, more people were seriously injured on pavements and tracks for cycling and walking than on the roads where Vision Zero had been implemented. The reduction in the incidence in the region may not be adequate to contribute to fulfilling the national target. More needs to be done, especially in the urban areas, where more active mobility is desired.
Efficacy and Safety of Immunotherapy and Standard of Care in High-Grade Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Author) Shengnan Zhang(Former Corresponding , Xu Libo , Chen Guanyu , Liu Jiangmin , Wang Qian , Hu Xindan , Wen Naiyan , Liu Xiaomin , Peng Xinyu , Fan Lei , Guo Baofeng , Author) Ling Zhang(New Corresponding 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy combined with standard of care (SOC) is often used for high-grade glioma (HGG). There are few comparisons about immunotherapy with or without SOC treatment (IMT) versus SOC. It is important to understand what interventions exist and their relative effectiveness.
METHODS: The Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and the Web of Science Core Collection were systematically searched by two librarians. Retrieved hits were screened for inclusion. Subgroup analysis was used to examine main factors associated with overall survival (OS). Progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and occurrence rate of adverse events (AE) as primary endpoints were used to assess the efficacy and safety of IMT . This study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019112356.
RESULTS: The search yielded 2315 results of which 11 met eligibility criteria. We identified 11 publications. Compared to SOC alone, IMT improved OS (HR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.48-0.81; p = 0.0003), PFS (HR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.39-0.89; p = 0.0117), ORR (RR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.09-8.95; p = 0.034). But it increased the occurrence rate of AE (RR = 1.56; p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: It suggests that IMT compared to SOC has a certain effectiveness. Our findings support the use of immunotherapy in brain tumor to improve HGG outcomes.
Genome-wide characterization and evolutionary analysis of heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) to reveal their potential role under abiotic stresses in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Tang Mingjia , Xu Liang , Wang Yan , Cheng Wanwan , Luo Xiaobo , Xie Yang , Fan Lianxue , Liu Liwang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Abiotic stresses due to climate change pose a great threat to crop production. Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are vital regulators that play key roles in protecting plants against various abiotic stresses. Therefore, the identification and characterization of HSFs is imperative to dissect the mechanism responsible for plant stress responses. Although the HSF gene family has been extensively studied in several plant species, its characterization, evolutionary history and expression patterns in the radish (Raphanus sativus L.) remain limited. Results In this study, 33 RsHSF genes were obtained from the radish genome, which were classified into three main groups and 12 subgroups based on HSF protein domain structure. Chromosomal localization analysis revealed that 28 of 33 RsHSF genes were located on nine chromosomes, and 10 duplicated RsHSF genes were grouped into eight gene pairs by whole genome duplication (WGD). Moreover, there were 23 or 9 pairs of orthologous HSFs were identified between radish and Arabidopsis or rice, respectively. Comparative analysis revealed a close relationship among radish, Chinese cabbage and Arabidopsis. RNA-seq data showed that eight RsHSF genes, including RsHSF-03, were highly expressed in the leaf, root, cortex, cambium and xylem, results that these genes might be involved in plant growth and development. Further, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) indicated that the expression patterns of 12 RsHSF genes varied upon exposure to different abiotic stresses, including heat, salt, and heavy metals. This data indicated that the RsHSFs may be involved in abiotic stress response. Conclusions These results could provide fundamental insights into the characteristics and evolution of the HSF family and facilitate further dissection of the molecular mechanism responsible for radish abiotic stress responses.
Retroclavicular vs Infraclavicular block For Brachial Plexus Anesthesia: A Multi-Centric Randomized Trial
Authors: Blanco Andres Felipe Gil , Laferriere-Langlois Pascal , Jessop David , D’Aragon Frederick , Sansoucy Yanick , Albert Natalie , Tétreault Pascal , Echave Pablo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The coracoid approach is a simple method to perform ultrasound-guided brachial plexus regional anesthesia (RA) but its simplicity is counterbalanced by a difficult needle visualization. We hypothesized that the retroclavicular (RCB) approach is not longer to perform when compared to the coracoid (ICB) approach, and improves needle visualization.
Methods: This randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial conducted in two hospitals, included patients undergoing distal upper limb surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to a brachial plexus block (ICB or RCB). The primary outcome was performance time (sum of visualization and needling time), and was analyzed with a non-inferiority test of averages. Depth of sensory and motor blockade, surgical success, total anesthesia time, needle visualization, number of needle passes and complications were also evaluated. Subgroup analysis restricted to patients with higher body mass index was completed.
Results: We included 109 patients between September 2016 and May 2017. Mean RCB performance time was 4.8 ± 2.0 min while ICB was 5.2 ± 2.3 min (p=0.06) with a 95% CI reaching up to 5.8% longer. RCB conferred an ultrasound-needle angle closer to 0° and significantly improved needle visibility after the clavicle was cleared and before local anesthetic administration. No differences were found in the secondary outcomes. Similar results were found in the subgroup analysis.
Conclusion: RCB approach for brachial plexus anesthesia was similar to ICB approach in terms of time performance. Needle visibility, which represent an important clinical variable, was superior and angle between needle and ultrasound probe was close to 0° in the RCB group.
Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02913625), registered 26 September 2016.
Completion rate of Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment for patients with metastatic or recurrent cancer: A preliminary, cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Ju Won , Choi Jung Yoon , Jang Won Jin , Choi Yoon Ji , Choi Youn Seon , Shin Sang Won , Kim Yeul Hong , Park Kyong Hwa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: “End of life” is a difficult topic of conversation in East Asian cultures, even among patients and doctors who share a good rapport. In 2016, the Hospice, Palliative Care, and Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision-Making Act, which took the form of “Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment,” was introduced in South Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the completion rate of Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment in patients with advanced cancer on the active recommendation of physicians, as well as patients’ general attitudes toward end-of-life care.
Methods: We conducted a preliminary, cross-sectional descriptive survey on patients with advanced cancer. A total of 101 patients with advanced solid cancer agreed to participate in the study. The primary endpoint was the rate of completion of Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment based on a doctor’s suggestion. Written interviews were conducted to understand the perceptions and factors influencing patients’ decisions.
Results: Of the 101 patients, 72 (71.3%) agreed to prepare Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment. Patients who had an educational level of high school or higher were more likely to agree to complete Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment documentation as compared to the lower educational status group. More than half of the respondents who completed Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment documentation reported that they had more than a fair understanding of “life-sustaining care” or “Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment.” Participants’ reasons for Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment completion were diverse.
Conclusions: We found that highly educated patients, who understood the concept behind the policy well, tended to accept Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment without hesitation. Better education, information shared through the media, and conversations with health care providers might improve understanding of Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment in patients with cancer.