bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choice Not Chance: A Dropped Objects Prevention Campaign Based On Emotional Engagement and Personal Choice
Authors: Scotti Davide , Matkin Darren , Negri Alessandro 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
During 2015 & 2016, Saipem experienced an increase in Dropped Object cases, despite the traditional systems, processes, training and campaigns to prevent against such an occurrence being in place. The majority of these were traced to a failure in following simple rules, which would protect an individual and their colleagues around them, a personal choice that increased the chance of a potentially catastrophic and life changing event taking place. Considering the conclusion, Saipem took the approach to invert the negative choice to take a chance, to instill a ‘drive’ in people to take a positive choice, one that rejects chance: Choice Not Chance!
Saipem's HSE Culture department, along with the strong sponsorship of the Executive Vice President of the Offshore Division, began the evaluation of innovative approaches, working towards creating a trigger to embrace positive personal choice over chance whenever operating in a drops environment.
The methodology followed was that of generating a powerful emotional engagement with the characters in a film dramatization, along with a very personal and credible message delivered to the viewer by the EVP himself. This highly emotional and impactful media would then be the catalyst to provoke lasting personal change in all subsequent locally driven drops training sessions and campaigns.
To provoke such a change required utilizing the latest in Hollywood style methods that personally connect the viewer to both the characters and the environment. The media needs to enable an individual to personally transpose themselves into the roles of the characters, sharing their situations, actions, attitude and emotion. The key to this is creating and fostering an inclusive and recognizable environment, one where people can feel they can connect to because it ‘speaks’ to them on a peer to peer level, reflecting their own everyday ‘way of life’.
Following four months of internal development, filming began on a powerful storyline centering around two friends and their families, following the tragic events that unfold due to a very simple, but negative personal choice, and a willingness to take a chance.
The paper demonstrates the critical need to use the latest communication innovations and techniques to reach the heart and mind of an audience who are exposed daily to high quality, high definition, multi-social media. Communications surrounding HSE topics are more and more required to meet the social expectation of the receiver, if they are to be effective. The paper describes Saipem's implementation of the film within the dropped objects campaign, and the effects such media has on its audience.
An Innovative Communication Strategy to Spread Life Saving Rules Companywide
Authors: Scotti Davide , Matkin Darren , Agraharam Manikanta 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Saipem’s life saving rules (LSR) have been well established in Saipem’s processes and procedures for many years. However, the need for an effective campaign to transmit and embed them through the organization was recognized. An internal development team began to regenerate and precisely define the topics the LSRs should specifically target, focusing on how to critically define the way they could be released in an impactful way. This also extended into increasing competence.
There are the two key campaign aims: the effective release of each LSR (one at a time over a 6-month period) and the building of the skills and knowledge needed to apply them.
The challenge resided in communicating the rules across a multi-language workforce with impact, whilst creating engagement. The ‘core rules’ were transmitted through highly impactful and interactive film clips, demonstrating the rule violation leading to an accident, pausing for group led discussion and reflection, before again proceeding to demonstrating the correct approach. The films were dubbed into 11 different languages, with the remaining LSRs presented through an innovative ‘language-free’ way. This approach facilitated understanding across languages in a very visual and simple way, without the need for subtitling or dubbing.
There are 15 individual rules, and the communication campaign format releases one rule per month, using various tools to engage all levels of the organization, from management to the workforce, and enabling each rule released to be supported by local training programs and specifically targeted campaigns.
This closely focused approach toward each rule allowed for the embedment and growth of competence before the next rule release.
A comprehensive online toolkit holds the campaign materials, including guidelines for the local assessment and implementation of the LSRs, toolbox talk guides, presentations and film media, recording and reporting mechanisms.
This paper describes the methodology behind an innovative and slow release campaign, including how the rules were developed and tailored to the organization’s context, senior management commitment, the strategy to increase the technical competence and knowledge, and the campaign’s success in impacting Saipem’s safety performance.
Since the launch of the LSR campaign in October 2015, more than 4,000 events have been arranged, covering more than 50,000 people worldwide, in order to ensure exposure to each LSR by all employees. People were engaged from 117 different Projects and Sites around the Saipem world and directly benefitted from this campaign. The safety performance of Saipem has recorded a step change improvement perfectly aligned with the LSR implementation period.
The response from the organization has been so overwhelmingly positive that the story of this successful communication strategy is worth sharing.
Evaluating the Global Social Performance Generated Locally by Saipem's Sustainable Business Strategy
Authors: Charlot-Clarisse Emmanuelle , Nunzi Pierluigi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
(previously submitted to the Conference organizers)
Evaluating the Global Social Performance generated by Saipem's sustainable business strategy:
The approach of measuring the global performance in the field of sustainability introduces a step change in Local Content measurement framework that can be challenging for all oil and gas actors. The objective was to find an innovative method. Actually, traditional methods used to evaluate Local Content in quantitative terms calculate only the direct components connected to operations (direct local employment and direct local purchasing) and underestimate the overall real impact and the potential socio-economic benefits of Local Content.
Methods, Procedures, Process: As global impact goes beyond direct effect, Saipem developed its own methodology, the Saipem Externalities Local Content Evaluation (SELCE) methodology, which allows to quantify the global socio-economic footprint generated through a multiplier effect. The SELCE measures the economic impact, the local employment impact and the Human Capital development impact by calculating the direct (directly linked to Saipem activities), indirect (created by Saipem activities along the supply chain) and induced effects (generated in the local economy) of Saipem activities. The SELCE allows to quantify the added value generated in the local economy in terms of GDP contribution percentage.
Results, Observations, Conclusions: The creation of local employment and the development of local skills within Saipem fabrication yards, the know-how transfer between expatriates and local employees and the development of the local supply chain (by the collaboration with local suppliers and subcontractors), generate socio-economic value for the host communities of Saipem yards, and contribute to social stability and wellbeing of the local population. Investing in training, know-how transfer, suppliers and subcontractors scouting and active cooperation is fundamental for the success of Saipem projects in target countries such as Nigeria, Angola, Congo, Brazil and Indonesia. The SELCE methodology is a realistic methodology to evaluate Saipem global social performance as local employment and human capital development impacts are two key indicators. The result of this methodology shows that the total impact on Human capital development represents at least two times the direct input and the total impact on local employment is generally more than three times the direct input.
Novel/Additive Information: This approach of measuring the global performance by introducing the externality economic model can be considered as an innovative approach in the field of sustainability in a long term vision.
Methodology For Minimizing Environmental Impacts During A Seismic Survey By Applying An Ecological Avoidance Program
Authors: Ochanda D.. , Jennet C.. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Total Exploration and Production Uganda undertook a 3D seismic survey in Exploration Area 1/1A lying within the Murchison Falls National Park inhabited by many species of wildlife. During the seismic survey, an ecological avoidance program was applied to; i). Scout and map all sensitive features within the seismic footprint, ii). Avoid impacts on sensitive features and maintain their ecological integrity, iii). Proactively demonstrate sustainable oil & gas extraction in a sensitive ecosystem.
A mitigation hierarchy of; Avoidance, Minimization, Restoration and Offsetting residual impacts was followed to limit ecological impacts. In this paper, we focus on Avoidance, presented as a model for future seismic or other intensive operations in similar sensitive ecosystems. This involved systematic surveys of predefined seismic lines for sensitive features, mapping locations of features, sensitizing Seismic crews, and on-ground supervision of Avoidance implementation.
A total of 25,484 features such as; lekking grounds of ungulates, clay-licks and wallows were mapped along approximately 3300km in total of seismic lines surveyed. Out of 25,484 features mapped, 10,169 significant features were sorted, from which 678 features were sampled and revisited after seismic operations to assess compliance to Avoidance.
Out of 678 features revisited, only one, a burrow was found to be impacted upon, having a tyre mark depression implying it was trampled by a vehicle. Three other burrows were found filled with soil, but with no indication of whether this was due to anthropogenic or natural occurrence. Five hundred and twenty features were found to have signs of animal activities such as; footmarks and physical presence of animals, including birds, indicating continued use of the features after seismic operations. The results indicate compliance by Seismic crews, suggesting that the Avoidance Mapping Procedure is an effective impact mitigation measure especially in such sensitive ecosystems.
No such intensive seismic operation had been undertaken before in such a sensitive ecosystem. Some impact minimization measures used such as cable-less seismic data acquisition were implemented for the first time in Africa during these surveys. The Avoidance Mapping Procedure designed and applied was as well therefore the first of its kind, and provides an extensive knowledge, technicalities and experience in avoiding and minimizing impacts during seismic operations in such sensitive ecosystems.
Implementing Continuous Improvement in Hazard Studies
Authors: Godfrey M J 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
To meet corporate Process Safety objectives, we first need the right ‘tools’ or techniques to identify hazards and risks. Risk reduction will start to be achieved when these tools are rigorously applied. Frequently used ‘tools’ in the Process Safety toolbox include Hazard Identification (HAZID); Hazard and Operability study (HAZOP) and Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA). Whilst these hazard studies have been in common used for some time there is evidence that deficiencies in the planning, execution or follow up have been a contributing factor in undesired Process Safety events. The objectives of this paper are to i) detail evidence demonstrating a link between deficiencies in these studies and Process Safety incidents ii) introduce the concept of defect elimination and Continuous Improvement and iii) provide examples of how such an improvement process has been systematically applied by one operator in the UAE / ME region to Process Safety studies.
The paper begins by providing evidence available within the public domain that indicates possible links between deficiencies in key Process Safety studies and major incidents. Sources include US OSHA and the US Chemical Safety Board (CSB). Through an analysis of this information it possible to not only understand this link but start to identify specific areas of weakness. Following this an introduction to the philosophy of defect elimination and Continuous Improvement (CI) is given. A common method for implementing CI is described. More importantly a demonstration of how such a methodology, developed in a manufacturing environment, can be successfully applied to deliver improvements in Process Safety is given. Finally, the approach taken by one operator in applying CI in this manner is given. This provides insight into some of the focus areas identified; the previous practices and detail changes that have been implemented.
In summary the paper concludes that we should not become complacent with our current performance but must look to continuously improve. With leadership support and commitment organisations can readily make systematic, sustainable improvements to the application of key hazard studies. These improvements will support the goals of accident elimination and, as a result, safeguard corporate reputation and licence to operate.
Where Does Information on Incidents Come From?
Authors: Murphy V. L. , Littlejohn A. , Rienties B. , King S. , Bryden R. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
Ensuring people in an organisation are well connected has been shown in previous research to be vital for exchanging information, influencing attitudes, and improving safety. After an incident, information is often distributed within a company so that others can learn from that incident. While processes to share incident information often exist, there is a need to understand whether and how information reaches those who need it in their roles, as effective information exchange is a first step to building the knowledge of those not directly involved in an incident.

Methods, procedure, process
To investigate this topic, the Open University, in collaboration with the Energy Institute, sent a survey to employees working in operational and maintenance teams at a European site of a multinational energy company, asking how they receive safety related information. Survey respondents included both front-line workers and managerial members of the teams. The surveys enquired how people receive information about incidents, focusing both on formal and informal channels. Here a formal channel refered to an email, document, or meeting where information on an incident is purposefully shared. Informal channels include, for example, discussing a safety concern with a colleague.

Results, observations, conclusions
The data evidenced that plant operators and managers received information in different ways. Front-line workers appeared to have many connections within a team with whom they would discuss safety concerns, but mainly received information from outside their team only through official notifications distributed by the health and safety team. The managerial level members of the unit, on the other hand, often had a wide network of colleagues external to their immediate team, from whom they heard information about industry incidents in addition to the reports distributed by the health and safety team. How teams responded to an incident alert, and what additional knowledge was gathered by management was, nevertheless, not captured by a formal system. It is likely to be useful to formally record information on the actions taken in response to an incident by teams, as others could then learn not only from original incident information, but also from the responses of other teams within the organisation.

Novel/additive information
Consideration of the flow of information is vital if companies are to enable workers to learn from incidents which they weren’t directly involved in. While health and safety are usually the source of information, all workers at a site have the opportunity to hear about industry incidents that could help to keep front-line workers safe. However, unless a procedure exists to record the actions taken by teams and additional useful information gathered by management, learning will be kept to a local level. A formal database or system could aid teams in understanding how others have learnt from an incident.
How Do You Know If You’re Learning from Incidents?
Authors: Murphy V. L. , Littlejohn A.. , Rienties B.. , King S.. , Bryden R.. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
Despite the importance of learning from incidents, little is known about the indicators that signal whether people have actually learnt. Previous research has shown that learning is dependent on context; a software engineer and an operator at a petrochemical plant display learning in different ways, so the indicators of whether or not they have learnt will differ. Therefore it is important that energy organisations are able to recognise indicators of learning following an incident that are relevant to their context. The objective of this study is to explore ways of understanding whether individuals are learning from incidents, and provide a general model that companies can use as a starting point in evaluating learning.

Methods, procedure, process
The Open University, in collaboration with the Energy Institute, undertook interviews with 18 workers at a European site of a multinational energy company. The participants came from a variety of positions in both operations and maintenance, ranging from front-end operators to managers. A model of professional learning was used to guide a thematic analysis of what participants viewed as effective learning from incidents.

Results, observations, conclusions
The interviews provided many examples of ways that individual practice and site processes had changed as a result of learning from incidents. Indicators of learning ranged from individual traits, such as accurate perception of risks, to changes in leadership priorities. While the number of incidents has been used in both research and practice as an indicator of learning, the interviews demonstrated that there are many ways in which learning can be evidenced. Understanding what changes are important for individuals, teams, leadership, and the company as a whole is a first step to being able to assess if effective learning is taking place. Our preliminary findings indicate that there is no single measure that can be used to assess how well people learn. However, once a company has defined what changes it expects to see, a combination of measures could be created to give insight into how effectively learning is happening.

Novel/additive information
This paper aims to provide some examples of indicators of learning after an incident. Both in research and in practice a single metric is often used to assess whether learning is occurring. This study proposes a model that would allow companies to select appropriate metrics for various aspects of learning from incidents.
Monitoring Biodiversity in Critical Habitats: Case Study from the PNG LNG Project, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Richards Stephen , Woxvold Iain , Mogina Jane , Dresser Laura Ann 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Papua New Guinea is an independent nation that occupies the eastern half of New Guinea, the world's largest tropical island. New Guinea has an exceptionally high biodiversity, and a large proportion of its fauna and flora is found nowhere else on Earth. Because the PNG LNG project was built and operates in an area with high biodiversity values that qualifies as critical habitat under IFC Performance Standard 6, a series of programmed monitoring activities have been initiated to provide biodiversity data in order to evaluate the impact of the PNG LNG construction and operations. This paper describes the program of surveys that was designed and conducted to collect quantitative, repeatable data on the diversity of species in and around the areas affected by the PNG LNG Project. Diversity is expressed as the number of species, the composition of species assemblages, and the abundance of target species, as compared with a defined baseline.
In 2015 two locations impacted by construction and operations were selected for long term biodiversity monitoring. These ‘Biodiversity Assessment Areas’ or BAAs are separated by about 800 m in elevation. During the 2015 survey permanent transects were established along which monitoring was undertaken for bats, non-volant mammals (rodents, marsupials, monotremes) and frogs. Some mist-netting activities for birds were conducted on separate transects. Permanent transects extended for 220–250 m into the forest and were perpendicular to the facilities. In addition plant plot and camera trapping surveys were undertaken in forest some distance from transects.
The results of the 2015 survey indicate that both BAAs retain high biodiversity values for all surveyed taxa. At least 579 animal and plant species were documented during the surveys including numerous species of plants, frogs, marsupials, rodents and bats that were previously unknown to science (new species) or that were known but have yet to be scientifically named (undescribed). Fourteen species are listed in a category higher than Least Concern by the IUCN.
The 2015 survey provides baseline data on biodiversity in the two survey locations against which future monitoring surveys can be compared, assesses the current biodiversity values of the survey areas and the potential impacts of linear infrastructure corridors on these values.
Risk Assessment for Increase in Plant Capacity
Authors: Shahabuddin Ziauddin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In a competitive working environment for a chemical process industry, sometimes it is required to maximize the production capacity or its yield based on the available plant capacity margins as per the prevailing process conditions. Sometime simulation study also suggests proceeding to increase in plant capacity. Normally, this increase in capacity increase is without major modifications and debottlenecking requirements or studies.
Though in such exercise or study, the financial gain is an obvious factor but to sustain operation at increased plant load (especially beyond designed nameplate capacity) warrants a structured Risk Assessment for the whole process plant / equipment / machines / human factors / mechanical integrity concerns, to assess new hazards and risks to avoid any process safety related incident. Apart from other important risk factors affecting the process, due to increase in plant load; following are the important ones; Operator response in case any process upset or management of abnormal situation.Asset Integrity concerns of plant equipment/machines/pipelines due to sustained operation at higher plant load like flow induced corrosion.Other human factors
Above mentioned and others risk factors are dicussed in details, subsequently in this document.