bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum sensing with optically accessible spin defects in van der Waals layered materials
Authors: Fang Hong-Hua , Wang Xiao-Jie , Marie Xavier , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuantum sensing has emerged as a powerful technique to detect and measure physical and chemical parameters with exceptional precision. One of the methods is to use optically active spin defects within solid-state materials. These defects act as sensors and have made significant progress in recent years, particularly in the realm of two-dimensional (2D) spin defects. In this article, we focus on the latest trends in quantum sensing that use spin defects in van der Waals (vdW) materials. We discuss the benefits of combining optically addressable spin defects with 2D vdW materials while highlighting the challenges and opportunities to use these defects. To make quantum sensing practical and applicable, the article identifies some areas worth further exploration. These include identifying spin defects with properties suitable for quantum sensing, generating quantum defects on demand with control of their spatial localization, understanding the impact of layer thickness and interface on quantum sensing, and integrating spin defects with photonic structures for new functionalities and higher emission rates. The article explores the potential applications of quantum sensing in several fields, such as superconductivity, ferromagnetism, 2D nanoelectronics, and biology. For instance, combining nanoscale microfluidic technology with nanopore and quantum sensing may lead to a new platform for DNA sequencing. As materials technology continues to evolve, and with the advancement of defect engineering techniques, 2D spin defects are expected to play a vital role in quantum sensing.
Completely non-invasive prediction of IDH mutation status based on preoperative native CT images
Authors: Musigmann Manfred , Bilgin Melike , Bilgin Sabriye Sennur , Krähling Hermann , Heindel Walter , Mannil Manoj 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status is one of the most important markers according to the 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumors. Preoperatively, this information is usually obtained based on invasive biopsies, contrast-enhanced MR images or PET images generated using radioactive tracers. However, the completely non-invasive determination of IDH mutation status using routinely acquired preoperative native CT images has hardly been investigated to date. In our study, we show that radiomics-based machine learning allows to determine IDH mutation status based on preoperative native CT images both with very high accuracy and completely non-invasively. Based on independent test data, we are able to correctly identify 91.1% of cases with an IDH mutation. Our final model, containing only six features, exhibits a high area under the curve of 0.847 and an excellent area under the precision-recall curve of 0.945. In the future, such models may be used for a completely non-invasive prediction of important genetic markers, potentially allowing treating physicians to reduce the number of biopsies and speed up further treatment planning.
An AI-driven approach for modeling the compressive strength of sustainable concrete incorporating waste marble as an industrial by-product
Authors: Kazemi Ramin , Mirjalili Seyedali 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA key goal of environmental policies and circular economy strategies in the construction sector is to convert demolition and industrial wastes into reusable materials. As an industrial by-product, Waste marble (WM), has the potential to replace cement and fine aggregate in concrete which helps with saving natural resources and reducing environmental harm. While many studies have so far investigated the effect of WM on compressive strength (CS), it is undeniable that conducting experimental activities requires time, money, and re-testing with changing materials and conditions. Hence, this study seeks to move from traditional experimental approaches towards artificial intelligence-driven approaches by developing three models—artificial neural network (ANN) and hybrid ANN with ant colony optimization (ACO) and biogeography-based optimization (BBO) to predict the CS of WM concrete. For this purpose, a comprehensive dataset including 1135 data records is employed from the literature. The models’ performance is assessed using statistical metrics and error histograms, and a K-fold cross-validation analysis is applied to avoid overfitting problems, emphasize the models’ reliable predictive capabilities, and generalize them. The statistical metrics indicated that the ANN-BBO model performed best with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9950 and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.2017 MPa. Besides, the error distribution results revealed that the ANN-BBO outperformed the ANN and ANN-ACO with a narrower range of errors so that 98% of the predicted data points in the training phase by the ANN-BBO model experienced errors in the range of [-10%, 10%], whereas for the ANN-ACO and ANN models, this percentage was 85% and 79%, respectively. Additionally, the study employed SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis to clarify the impact of input variables on prediction accuracy and found that the specimen’s age is the most influential variable. Eventually, to validate the ANN-BBO, a comparison was performed with the results of previous studies’ models.
Hematologic and biochemical reference values for anesthetized juvenile German crossbred farm pigs
Authors: Meissner Florian , Dinkelaker Johannes , Maier Alexander , Pooth Jan-Steffen , Costa Galbas Michelle , Schön Manuela , Boll David , Trummer Georg , Benk Christoph , Haberstroh Jörg , Cristina Schmitz Heidi Ramona , Förster Katharina , Hoppe Natalie , Büchsel Martin , Reiss Simon , Czerny Martin , Bothe Wolfgang , Brixius Sam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractJuvenile crossbred pigs are widely used for acute and chronic animal testing due to their anatomical and physiological resemblance to humans. They are particularly prevalent in preclinical cardiovascular research, including studies investigating extracorporeal resuscitation and mechanical circulatory support devices. However, the availability of comprehensive laboratory reference values is limited. In a single-center study at the University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany, the hematologic and biochemical laboratory values of anesthetized healthy juvenile German crossbred farm pigs were determined. Blood samples were collected at the beginning of surgical procedures, either arterially or venously. Females and males were compared, and correlation with body weight was assessed. In total, 268 animals (weight 57.8 ± 12.4 kg) were included, thereof 180 castrated males (55.2 ± 7.7 kg) and 79 females (63.6 ± 18.3 kg). There were significant differences between males and females in 11 of 45 parameters and a moderate correlation between body weight and creatinine (R = 0.41, p < 0.001). The reference intervals and insights into sex and body weight correlations enhance the utility of healthy juvenile German crossbred farm pigs in translational research, providing a robust reference for future studies.
Sounds as taxonomic indicators in Holocentrid fishes
Authors: Banse Marine , Bertimes Estelle , Lecchini David , Donaldson Terry J. , Bertucci Frédéric , Parmentier Eric 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe species-specific character of sounds in the animal kingdom has been extensively documented, yet research on fishes has predominantly focused on a limited number of species, overlooking the potential of acoustic signals to reflect broader taxonomic ranks. In this study, we analyzed acoustic data of hand-held sounds from 388 specimens spanning 5 genera and 33 species within the family Holocentridae, with the objective of evaluating the use of sound characteristics for taxonomic discrimination across various levels (subfamily, genus, species). Sounds could be indicative of grouping. Taxa discriminability depends on taxonomic level; the higher the taxonomic level, the better the discrimination of taxa based on sounds. Analogous to the role of morphological traits in taxonomic delineation, this research corroborates the utility of acoustic features in identifying fish taxa across multiple hierarchical levels. Remarkably, certain holocentrid species have evolved complex sound patterns characterized by unique temporal arrangements where pulses are not continuous but emitted in blocks, facilitating the exploitation of the acoustic space.
The origin and evolution of the [CII] deficit in HII regions and star-forming molecular clouds
Authors: Ebagezio S. , Seifried D. , Walch S. , Bisbas T. G. 
Published: November 2024

Aims. We analyse synthetic emission maps of the [CII] 158 µm line and far-infrared (FIR) continuum of simulated molecular clouds (MCs) within the SILCC-Zoom project to study the origin of the observed [CII] deficit, that is, the drop in the [CII]/FIR intensity ratio caused by stellar activity.
Methods. All simulations include stellar radiative feedback and the on-the-fly chemical evolution of hydrogen species, CO, and C+. We also account for further ionisation of C+ into C2+ inside HII regions, which is crucial to obtain reliable results.
Results. Studying individual HII regions, we show that IFIR is initially high in the vicinity of newly born stars, and then moderately decreases over time as the gas is compressed into dense and cool shells. In contrast, there is a large drop in ICII over time, to which the second ionisation of C+ into C2+ contributes significantly. This leads to a large drop in I[CII] /IFIR inside HII regions, with I[CII] /IFIR decreasing from 10−3−10−2 at scales above 10 pc to around 10−6−10−4 at scales below 2 pc. However, projection effects can significantly affect the radial profile of I[CII]/IFIR, and their ratio, and can create apparent HII regions without any stars. Considering the evolution on MC scales, we show that the luminosity ratio, L[CII]/LFIR, decreases from values of ≳10−2 in MCs without star formation to values of around ~10−3 in MCs with star formation. We attribute this decrease and thus the origin of the [CII] deficit to two main contributors: (i) the saturation of the [CII] line and (ii) the conversion of C+ into C2+ by stellar radiation. The drop in the L[CII]/LFIR ratio can be divided into two phases: (i) During the early evolution of HII regions, the saturation of [CII] and the further ionisation of C+ limit the increase in L[CII], while LFIR increases rapidly, leading to the initial decline of L[CII]/LFIR. (ii) In more evolved HII regions, LCII stagnates and even partially drops over time due to the aforementioned reasons. LFIR also stagnates as the gas gets pushed into the cooler shells surrounding the HII region. In combination, this keeps the global L[CII]/LFIR ratio at low values of ~10−3.
Detection of faculae in the transit and transmission spectrum of WASP-69b
Authors: Petit dit de la Roche D. J. M. , Chakraborty H. , Lendl M. , Kitzmann D. , Pietrow A. G. M. , Akinsanmi B. , Boffin H. M. J. , Cubillos Patricio E. , Deline A. , Ehrenreich D. , Fossati L. , Sedaghati E. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Transmission spectroscopy is a powerful tool for understanding exoplanet atmospheres. At optical wavelengths, this technique makes it possible to infer the composition and the presence of aerosols in the atmosphere. However, unocculted stellar activity can result in contamination of atmospheric transmission spectra by introducing spurious slopes and molecular signals.
Aims. We aim to characterise the atmosphere of the transiting exoplanet WASP-69b, a hot Jupiter orbiting an active K star, and characterise the activity levels of the host star.
Methods. We obtained three nights of spectrophotometric data with the FORS2 instrument on the VLT, covering a wavelength range of 340–1100 nm. These were divided into 10 nm binned spectroscopic light curves, which were fit with a combination of Gaussian processes and parametric models to obtain a transmission spectrum. We performed retrievals on the full spectrum with combined stellar activity and planet atmosphere models.
Results. We directly detect a facula in the form of a hot-spot-crossing event in one of the transits and indirectly detect unocculted faculae through an apparently decreasing radius towards the blue end of the transmission spectrum. We determine a facula temperature of ΔT = + 644−263+427 K for the former and a stellar coverage fraction of around 30% with a temperature of ΔT = +231 ± 72 K for the latter. The planetary atmosphere is best fit with a high-altitude cloud deck at 1.4 mbar that mutes atomic and molecular features. We find indications of water and ammonia with log(H2O)=− 2.01−0.86+0.54 and log(NH3)=−3.4−5.20+0.96, respectively, and place 3σ upper limits on TiO (<10−7.65) and K (<10−7). We see a lack of evidence of Na, which we attribute to the presence of clouds.
Conclusions. The simultaneous multi-wavelength observations allow us to break the size–contrast degeneracy for facula crossings, meaning we can obtain temperatures for both the directly and indirectly detected faculae, which are consistent with each other.
Complex Nasal Reconstruction: A Methodical Approach to the Three-Stage Paramedian Forehead Flap
Authors: McAllister Lauren , Thornton James 
Published: November 2024

AbstractComplex nasal reconstructions require adequate planning with an accurate estimation of the time necessary to perform each stage. Reconstructions of the entire nose, multiple subunits, or a substantial subunit typically require lining replacement and cartilage grafting. Securing the lining prior to a staged reconstruction is preferred, but options such as the Menick folded paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) allow for lining coverage at the time of the first stage. The free radial forearm flap and the PMFF remain the gold standard for the initial lining coverage. Cartilage grafting is fundamental to complex nasal reconstructions and can be secured in either the first or the second stage. Staged reconstructions require thorough patient education, patience from both the patient and the surgeon, and an understanding that final revisions may be necessary.
The Ongoing Development of Watch and Wait
Authors: Belkovsky Mikhael , Alipouriani Ali , Kanters Arielle E. , Sommovilla Joshua , Gorgun Emre , Liska David , Steele Scott R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe nonoperative management of rectal cancer, known as watch and wait (W&W), has gained increasing acceptance in recent years. This approach is based on using complete clinical response (cCR) as a marker for complete pathological response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT). Advances in nCRT regimens have resulted in higher tumor regression rates, making W&W a viable option for selected patients. This study presents the historical evolution and efficacy of the W&W strategy and offers modern recommendations based on recent clinical findings. Key findings include an 85 to 92% 5-year disease-free survival rate in patients achieving cCR, highlighting the potential for improved quality of life and reduced morbidity without compromising survival outcomes.
Non-Neoformans Cryptococcal Infections in the Post-Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Era: Are We Ready to Face the Emerging Challenge?
Authors: Fatima Umayra , Ahmed Hina , Singh Gautam , Giri K.Y. , Azmi Md. Sania , Meenakshi Archana , Jandrajupalli Suresh Babu , Chandolu Swarnalatha , Nayyar Abhishek Singh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCoronaviruses are a large group of viruses that infect animals as well as humans, while it is also suggested that, rarely, coronaviruses that infect animals can evolve and infect humans. Current evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 leads to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), the respiratory illness responsible for COVID-19 pandemic, while it has a zoonotic origin, closely related to the bat-origin SARS-like coronavirus. Also, as per the current knowledge, the disease may induce significant and persistent lymphopenia which in turn may increase the risk for various opportunistic infections. Cryptococcus laurentii is one such rare, but serious fungal infection which has been reported in post-COVID-19 disease and is a rising cause of concern since it can turn out to be fatal. The infection is caused by a non-neoformans rare human pathogen. The present case report describes the case of a 45-years old male patient who reported to the Outpatient Department (OPD) for a routine dental complaint with a grossly destructed tooth in left lower back tooth region due to extensive carious involvement, while, simultaneously, presenting with fever since 5 days in the post-COVID-19 phase, and was later diagnosed as being positive for C. laurentii infection on urine culture sensitivity test.
The Tibial Tunnel Size Relative to the Proximal Tibia Affects the Tibial Tunnel Widening in Anatomical Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Murakami Ryo , Taketomi Shuji , Yamagami Ryota , Kono Kenichi , Kawaguchi Kohei , Kage Tomofumi , Arakawa Takahiro , Kobayashi Takashi , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe impact of the bone tunnel size relative to body size on clinical results in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the morphological alteration of the tibial tunnel aperture and relationship between the tibial tunnel size relative to the proximal tibia among the tibial tunnel widening (TW) and clinical results following ACL reconstruction. This study comprised 131 patients who had undergone anatomical ACL reconstruction utilizing bone–patellar tendon–bone autografts. The morphology and enlargement of the tibial tunnel were examined via three-dimensional computed tomography 1 week and 1 year postoperatively. The anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) positions were determined as a percentage relative to the proximal AP and ML tibial dimensions, respectively. Clinical assessment was conducted 2 years postoperatively. The association between the primary tibial tunnel size among TW and clinical outcomes was examined. The tibial tunnel significantly migrated posterolaterally. The ML diameter significantly widened; however, the AP diameter did not exhibit widening. AP widening was associated with the AP diameter of the primary tibial tunnel (r = −0.482, p < 0.01), and ML widening correlated with the ML diameter of that tunnel (r = −0.478, p < 0.01). However, there was no significant correlation observed between the primary tibial tunnel size and clinical outcomes. The tibial tunnel migrated and enlarged laterally in the ML plane, but did not enlarge in the AP plane. The primary tibial tunnel diameter relative to the proximal tibia negatively correlated with the tibial TW in the AP and ML planes. Level of evidence: level IV.
Evaluating ChatGPT-4's Performance in Identifying Radiological Anatomy in FRCR Part 1 Examination Questions
Authors: Sarangi Pradosh Kumar , Datta Suvrankar , Panda Braja Behari , Panda Swaha , Mondal Himel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Radiology is critical for diagnosis and patient care, relying heavily on accurate image interpretation. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) have raised interest in the potential of AI models to support radiologists, although robust research on AI performance in this field is still emerging.
Objective This study aimed to assess the efficacy of ChatGPT-4 in answering radiological anatomy questions similar to those in the Fellowship of the Royal College of Radiologists (FRCR) Part 1 Anatomy examination.
Methods We used 100 mock radiological anatomy questions from a free Web site patterned after the FRCR Part 1 Anatomy examination. ChatGPT-4 was tested under two conditions: with and without context regarding the examination instructions and question format. The main query posed was: “Identify the structure indicated by the arrow(s).” Responses were evaluated against correct answers, and two expert radiologists (>5 and 30 years of experience in radiology diagnostics and academics) rated the explanation of the answers. We calculated four scores: correctness, sidedness, modality identification, and approximation. The latter considers partial correctness if the identified structure is present but not the focus of the question.
Results Both testing conditions saw ChatGPT-4 underperform, with correctness scores of 4 and 7.5% for no context and with context, respectively. However, it identified the imaging modality with 100% accuracy. The model scored over 50% on the approximation metric, where it identified present structures not indicated by the arrow. However, it struggled with identifying the correct side of the structure, scoring approximately 42 and 40% in the no context and with context settings, respectively. Only 32% of the responses were similar across the two settings.
Conclusion Despite its ability to correctly recognize the imaging modality, ChatGPT-4 has significant limitations in interpreting normal radiological anatomy. This indicates the necessity for enhanced training in normal anatomy to better interpret abnormal radiological images. Identifying the correct side of structures in radiological images also remains a challenge for ChatGPT-4.
Investigating the Chinese cultural mind through Chinese-American cross-cultural films
Authors: Luo Han , Salvatore Georgia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The importance of teaching cultural perspectives or cultural mind is now widely recognized in the field of foreign
language education. Meanwhile, language teachers and scholars are also aware of the difficulty of implementing this aspect of
cultural instruction in the classroom because the cultural mind tends to be abstract, intangible, and invisible. As
Chinese-American cross-cultural films often foreground cultural differences and conflicts caused by underlying systems of values,
beliefs, and behaviors in Chinese and American societies, they serve as tangible discussion points for guiding students in
exploring the Chinese cultural mind. Therefore, this paper utilizes Chinese-American cross-cultural films as a springboard to
analyze four key themes reflective of the Chinese cultural mind as depicted in the films (i.e., collectivism vs individualism,
saving face, filial piety, and the role of women) and discusses pedagogical implications for cultural instruction, especially the
teaching of cultural perspectives or cultural mind in the Chinese language classroom.
Experimental investigation on in-situ laser-assisted mechanical ruling of single crystal silicon
Authors: Yao Dong , Shi Guangfeng , Meng Siwei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed as a robust and convenient predictive tool to establish the correlation between process parameters of in situ laser-assisted mechanical ruling and the ductile-to-brittle transition of single-crystal silicon. The interaction effects among three factors laser power, ruling speed, and negative rake angle on the ductile-to-brittle transition of single-crystal silicon were investigated. The optimal combination of process parameters was determined to be a laser power of 30W, a ruling speed of 0.25 mm s−1, and a negative rake angle of 58°. Utilizing a self-assembled setup and the optimal process parameters, multiple processing experiments were conducted. The average error between the experimental and predicted values was found to be 2.8%.