bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of biochar on the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of two amended soils
Authors: Villagra-Mendoza Karolina , Horn Rainer 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Water and solute transports in the vadose zone depend on the distribution, size, shape and configuration of the pores. They affect the soil hydraulic properties and, consequently, the directly related processes such as water storage, infiltration, groundwater recharge, and also erosion and runoff. Soils amended with biochar are prompt to improve their physical and hydraulic properties. Biochar addition alters not only porosity, the water retention pattern and the derived pore distribution, but also the hydraulic conductivity under saturated and unsaturated conditions. In our work, two different doses (2.5 and 5% dry wt.) were added to two textured soils (sand and sandy loam). The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were measured under laboratory conditions. The obtained results show the positive effect of biochar on the hydraulic functions. For the sandy soil, the higher the dose of biochar, the more constant and relatively higher is the hydraulic conductivity up to - 40 kPa. At less negative matric potentials (< -10 kPa), the unamended sandy loam soil showed a slightly higher unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, compared to the amended soils. These results underline that biochar addition enhances the transport of water under unsaturated conditions by reducing the formation of larger pores while also intensifying the finer inter-particle pore formation.
Influence of straw incorporation-to-planting interval on soil physical properties and maize performance
Authors: Dahri Imtiaz A. , Tagar Ahmed A. , Adamowski Jan , Leghari Naimatullah , Shah Ali R. , Soomro Shakeel A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Long-term soil disturbance due to regular tillage destroys the soil structure, particularly by reducing the soil organic matter content. This, in turn, can lead to declining crop yields. This study assessed the influence of wheat (Triticum æstivum L.) straw incorporation and timing prior to seeding at 6 Mg ha−1 (S+), relative to no straw (S−), on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield parameters, as well as on soil characteristics. There were four intervals between straw incorporation and maize seeding, i.e. 60, 45, 30 and 15 days before sowing. Compared to the S− (control), soil dry bulk density increased (p ≤ 0.05) under all S+ treatments. A significantly greater proportion of undesirable small aggregates (<0.5 mm), and a lesser proportion of desirable medium sized (0.5-8.0mm) aggregates, occurred under S− treatment, as compared to

$S_{60}^ +$

treatment. A similar, but less pronounced, trend was observed under

$S_{45}^ +$

treatment. This trend was also evident for the

$S_{30}^ +$

and

$S_{15}^ +$

treatments. Generally, incorporation of straw 60 days prior to sowing led to achieving the best soil structure in terms of aggregation. Compared to S−, the soil organic matter showed a weakly significant (0.05 ≤ p ≤ 0.06) increase under straw amendment. Seedling emergence, plant height, cob length, the number of grain rows per plant, the number of grains per cob, as well as 1000 grain weight and yield were the highest under

$S_{60}^ +$

, and the lowest under S−. The present study suggests that more research is necessary over longer time periods between straw incorporation and seeding on different crops, and in different soil types, in order to study the effects on soil properties, and on the growth and yield of crops.
Implementation of Modular Trucks into Road Transport
Authors: Muślewski Łukasz , Landowski Bogdan , Woropay Maciej , Migawa Klaudiusz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this article, an analysis of modular truck application in the road transport in Poland has been made. Terminology has been unified. Classification and law regulations applicable in different European countries and all over the world have been discussed. An analysis of existing solutions has been made and an optimal variant for road freight transport, including the condition and parameters of the road infrastructure in Poland, has been proposed. The study presents initial conceptual assumptions of this project as well as advisability of using these modular trucks, on the basis of a selected research object – the analyzed transport company. On this example, an analysis of costs and potential profits to be generated from transport services performed using the proposed modular trucks and with reference to costs borne by the investigated company with the use of currently operated transport means, has been made.
Numerical Simulation of the Process of a Technical Object State Changes
Authors: Landowski Bogdan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The article presents a construction method and an example of a model of a technical object operation process as well as the main stochastic assumption which is a mathematical model of an object state changes. The model of the operation process was built using an analysis of the state space and operation-related events of the analyzed technical objects. An example of numerical simulation of the technical object state change process as a tool to be used to support the analysis of the considered process. Numerical simulation of the stochastic process being a model of a technical object state change process makes it possible to determine the process characteristics impossible to determine in an analytical way.
Identification Method of Content Changes of Information Contained Inside Files
Authors: Szleszyński Artur 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe thesis shows the use of message hash function for integrity attribute change identification in sensitive information asset. Changes introduced to file content may suggest confidentiality attribute violation. It has been verified in what way random changes introduced into file content affect function. The minor number of bytes changed in comparison to file size that was assumed, derives from potential benefits for the attacker. Large number of changes in the file may suggest the situation of encrypting it. Such an action leads to accessibility attribute violation
Verification Postdiagnostic Decisions Tested of Artillery Fuses
Authors: Ampuła Dariusz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A statistical analysis of multiyear laboratory test results and dynamic tests chosen type of artillery fuses is presented in this article as the aim to testify influence of natural ageing process on quality indicators during long - time exploitation. The influence of exploitation time on taking shooting test decisions relating the quality of lots after conducted laboratory tests and on different inconsistencies classes which stepped out during these tests were analysed. The analysis of exploitation time influence on diagnostic decisions taking after conducted shooting tests and on occurrence inconsistences in the establish classes were also presented. The conducted statistical analysis suggested assumption, that there is possibility of changing of estimate module in the test’s methodology applied until now. The modification of this estimate module will not influence negatively on the quality of further diagnostic tests conducted, and it will not influence negatively on correct evaluation of prediction process tested elements of ammunition which the artillery fuses are. Performed the statistical analysis can be essentially relevant to modify tests methodology of the artillery fuses.
Assessment of the Fuel Thermal Degradation Process on the Basis of the Deposit Content Analysis
Authors: Sarnecki Jarosław , Gawron Bartosz , Głąb Jadwiga 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The publication subject is the issue related to the assessment of phenomena occurring during the jet fuel thermal degradation process. The research in this article was carried out on a specialised laboratory station, according to the author’s own methodology. The assessment of the fuel degradation process was conducted on the basis of an analysis of the content of deposits collected on filters with a diameter of 0.8 µm and 3.0 µm. The filters were additionally analysed under a microscope. The results indicate that a degree and intensity of the fuel thermal degradation process are affected by the technology of the tested fuel and the test temperature. The article was prepared on the basis of the results obtained within the framework of the research project No. 2011/01/D/ST8/06567 funded by National Science Centre.
Mobile Composite Airfield Element of Security and Reliability in Air Transport
Authors: Wesołowski Mariusz , Barszcz Piotr , Blacha Krzysztof 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The problem of safety of the flight operations will be valid as long as there will be aviation, both civil and military. Ensuring the safety was, is and will be one the most important issues in the functioning and development of aviation.
The safety of flight operations affect the implementation of all the elements involved in this process, which can be summarized in three groups, namely: man, the aircraft and the environment, including airfield pavements. Airfield pavements are elements that can be intentionally destroyed by military action as well as a result of random unexpected situation (failure, catastrophe, natural disaster). The reconstruction of airfield pavements in crisis situations and in military operations should enable to restore the operational availability of destroyed elements in the shortest possible time.
Thermal Resistance of Airfield Concrete Pavements and Consequences for the Maintenance Thereof
Authors: Linek Małgorzata , Piotrowska-Nowak Patrycja , Nita Piotr 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The project presents the approximate method to specify temperature changes which may cause and intensify the pavement slabs destruction. Criteria of thermal concrete resistance in case of pavement structure were specified. Defining the acoustics performance, the degree of changes occurred in surface layer and changes in basic mechanical parameters as criteria of pavement thermal condition were suggested. The process of cement concrete damage in case of pavement structure, as a result of combined temperature changes and vehicle traffic was also discussed. Criteria of fragile damage of concrete slab and allowable stress of concrete layer in case of pavement structure were described. Types of heat flow within the pavement were discussed and associated with the occurred damages. The destruction process of concrete pavements under the influence of temperature was presented. The publication contains the proposal of reducing the effects of the aforementioned factors on the range of the occurred stress. The analysis does not include the complex issue of thermal stress within concrete pavement, caused by hot exhaust gas stream.
A-priori Estimates Near the Boundary for Solutions of a class of Degenerate Elliptic Problems in Besov-type Spaces
Authors: El Baraka Azzeddine , Masrour Mohammed 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we give a priori estimates near the boundary for solutions of a degenerate elliptic problems in the general Besov-type spaces

B

p
,
q

s
,
τ

$B_{p,q}^{s,\tau }$

, containing as special cases: Goldberg space bmo, local Morrey-Campanato spaces l
2,λ and the classical Hölder and Besov spaces

B

p
,
q

s

$B_{p,q}^s $

. This work extends the results of [13, 2, 15] from Hölder and Besov spaces to the general frame of

B

p
,
q

s
,
τ

$B_{p,q}^{s,\tau }$

spaces.
New conformable fractional integrals of Ostrowski type using new generalized (s, m, ϕ)-preinvex mappings
Authors: Kashuri Artion , Liko Rozana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the present paper, the notion of new generalized (s, m, ϕ)-preinvex mapping is introduced and some new integral inequalities for the left-hand side of Gauss-Jacobi type quadrature formula involving new generalized (s, m, ϕ)-preinvex mappings along with beta function are given. Moreover, some generalizations of Ostrowski type inequalities for new generalized (s, m, ϕ)-preinvex mappings via conformable fractional integrals are established. At the end, some applications to special means are given.
A bifurcation result involving Sobolev trace embedding and the duality mapping of W
1

,p
Authors: El Khalil Abdelouahed 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We consider the perturbed nonlinear boundary condition problem

{

-

Δ
p

u

=

|
u
|

p
-
2

u
+
f

(

λ
,
x
,
u

)

in

Ω

|

∇
u

|

p
-
2

∇
u
.
ν

=

λ
ρ

(
x
)

|
u
|

p
-
2

u

on

Γ
.

$$\left\{ {\matrix{ { - \Delta _p u} \hfill & = \hfill & {\left| u \right|^{p - 2} u + f\left( {\lambda ,x,u} \right)\,{\rm{in}}\,\Omega } \hfill \cr {\left| {\nabla u} \right|^{p - 2} \nabla u.\nu } \hfill & = \hfill & {\lambda \rho \left( x \right)\left| u \right|^{p - 2} u\,{\rm{on}}\,\Gamma .} \hfill \cr } } \right.$$

Using the Sobolev trace embedding and the duality mapping defined on W
1,
p
(Ω), we prove that this problem bifurcates from the principal eigenvalue λ
1 of the eigenvalue problem

{

-

Δ
p

u

=

|
u
|

p
-
2

u

in

Ω

|

∇
u

|

p
-
2

∇
u
.
ν

=

λ
ρ

(
x
)

|
u
|

p
-
2

u

on

Γ
.

$$\left\{ {\matrix{ { - \Delta _p u} \hfill & = \hfill & {\left| u \right|^{p - 2} u\,{\rm{in}}\,\Omega } \hfill \cr {\left| {\nabla u} \right|^{p - 2} \nabla u.\nu } \hfill & = \hfill & {\lambda \rho \left( x \right)\left| u \right|^{p - 2} u\,{\rm{on}}\,\Gamma .} \hfill \cr } } \right.$$
A posteriori error estimates for mixed finite volume solution of elliptic boundary value problems
Authors: Benkhaldoun Fayssal , Seaid Mohammed , Mahamane Amadou 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The major emphasis of this work is the derivation of a posteriori error estimates for the mixed finite volume discretization of second-order elliptic equations. The estimates are established for meshes consisting of simplices on unstructured grids. We consider diffusion problems with nonhomogeneous diffusion coefficients. The error estimates are of residual types and are formulated in the energy semi-norm for a locally postprocessed approximate solutions. The estimates are fully computable and locally efficient that they can serve as indicators for adaptive refinement and for the actual control of the error. Numerical results are shown for two test examples in two space dimensions. It is found that the proposed adaptive mixed finite volume method offers a robust and accurate approach for solving second-order elliptic equations, even when highly nonhomogeneous diffusion coefficients are used in the simulations.
Edge spread function for the paper-ink system
Authors: Itrić Katarina , Modrić Damir , Milković Marin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe importance of accurate identification of the edge spread function for the paper-ink system is closely related with the possibility of separating mechanical and optical dot gain. Our approach is based on the precise fit of the edge spread function, ESF. Namely, all of the research so far incorporates symmetric ESF, in contrast to the research reported so far, in which only the symmetric ESF has been considered¸ which is not realistic, due to the presence of dot gain. This approach, based on image analysis, allows us to identify uniquely the domain of impact of each contribution. Six different paper-ink systems are analyzed and discussed, and all of them show a satisfactory correlation with the proposed model.
Identifying Barley Genotypes for Optimum Input Conditions in the WANA Regions
Authors: Verma R.P.S. , Visioni A. , Gyawali S. , Singh M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important cereal crop for its high demand for grain feed and forage/grazing for the animals as well as for human food in the WANA region under the low rainfall situations and thus creating an urgent need for developing high yielding barley genotypes. A total of 542 hulled and hulless genotypes with seven checks were evaluated at three locations with diverse agro-ecological conditions, Terbol in Lebanon and Marchouch and Allal Tazi in Morocco. The aim of this study was to understand the nature of genotype × environment interaction (GEI), quantify the genotypic variability and identify high yielding genotypes. The mixed models were fitted to evaluate heritability and predicted means to identify genotypes with specific adaptation to the locations using GGE-biplot. GEI across locations was significant for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, spike length and grain yield. On a trial-wise analysis, days to maturity was most heritable (49 – 50% broad sense heritability on mean basis) while the grain yield was the least (5 – 13%). The genotype G427 (4812 kg/ha) at Marchouch, the check VMorales (4889 kg/ha) at Allal Tazi and G528 (6995 kg/ha) at Terbol were the highest yielding genotypes. Several hulled and hulless genotypes with higher grain yield and early flowering time in the three environments were identified for utilization by the national programs globally. The test locations, Marchouch and Allal Tazi, were found comprising one mega environment while Terbol showed maximum discrimination of genotypes for grain yield.
Correlations and Heritability of the Characters Determining the Seed Yield of the Panicle Inflorescence Forms of Alfalfa (Medicago x varia T. Martyn)
Authors: Bodzon Zbigniew 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Phenotypic correlation coefficients and heritability of the characters determining seed yield of panicle inflorescence forms of alfalfa was examined. Seed yield per plant, which was positively correlated with 10 generative and morphological traits, depended upon the number of pods per panicle and the number of seeds per pod. Variability of these characters determined about 60% of the variability of seed yield. Multiple linear regression and phenotypic correlations show that simultaneous selection for increased pod number per panicle and increased seed number per pod and number of branches per panicle resulted in enhanced seed yield potential. The share of the additive genetic effects in the phenotypic variance for number of pods per panicle was low and about 23%, while for number of seeds per pod and seeds per panicle amounted to about 75-77% and 56-57% respectively.
Growth and Yield Response of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) To Gamma Irradiation Stress
Authors: Majeed Abdul , Muhammad Zahir , Ullah Rehman 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ionizing radiation has extensive applications in agriculture for inducing mutagenic changes in major field crops, potential breeding purposes, varietal development and crop improvement. This study was conducted to test the efficacy of 0.8, 1.6, 2.4 and 3.6 kGy gamma irradiation doses (Cobalt-60) upon growth and yield performance of edible pea (Pisum sativum L.) in pot culture experiment during 2009. Results demonstrated that higher radiation doses (1.6 and 3.2 kGy) significantly influenced the studied attributes of P. sativum. It was observed that 3.2 kGy had detrimental effects on shoot and pod lengths of pea which were reduced by 14.60 and 17.71 % respectively when compared to control. Differential response of the number of seeds pod−1, 1000 grain weight and dry biomass of pea were recorded at the applied doses. Significant reduction in number of seeds (−14.21 %) but increase in 1000 grain weight (+13.93 %) and dry biomass (+11.32 %) of pea were recorded at 1.6 kGy which revealed stimulatory effects on grain weight and dry biomass. Conversely, radiation dose 3.2 kGy was found detrimental to all the studied parameters except number of pods plant−1 and number of seeds pod−1 which were not affected.
Physiological Analysis of CuO Bulk and Nanoparticles to Castor (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: Mahmoodzadeh Homa , Eshaghi Ali , Gholami Tayebeh 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The rapidly increasing multifarious use of metallic nanoparticles in technology has necessitated evaluation of their impact on environmental, biotic and human health. The present study investigated the effects of different concentrations of bulk and nanosized CuO on seed germination and seedling growth of Ricinus communis in a randomized completely design with four replications. The experimental treatments included four concentrations of bulk CuO (10, 50, 100 and 500 ppm), four concentrations of nanosized CuO (10, 50, 100 and 500 ppm), and the control without CuO. The results indicate that only the weighted germination index and seedling dry biomass of Ricinus communis were significantly affected by the treatments. Other germination characteristics, plumule and radicle length, and seedling fresh weight were not significantly affected by bulk and nanosized CuO concentrations. It can be concluded that bulk and nanosized CuO in this cocentrations not toxic for germination and growth of Ricinus communis.
ABA Sensitivity as a Criterion for Drought Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars
Authors: Razzaq Abdul , Rashid Madiha , Shfique Talal Ahmad , Hafeez Abdul , Jhanzab Hafiz Muhammad , Shabir Ghulam , Shah Zahid Hussain 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Criteria used for evaluating drought tolerance of wheat cultivars demanding more time and efforts are usually not efficient and conclusive. Present study was conducted to evaluate ABA sensitivity as a criterion for evaluating drought tolerance of wheat cultivars at an early stage. Ten cultivars of wheat were subjected to drought at 3-leaf stage to select the most sensitive and two tolerant cultivars using mortality rate. Tatara was found the most susceptible whereas GA-2002 and Chakwal-50 were the cultivars with maximum drought tolerance. These cultivars were used to study sensitivity to applied absicic acid (based on germination index and relative growth inhibition rate) and physiological responses (leaf water content, chlorophyll stability index, coefficient of relative inhibition and proline accumulation) under drought stress. Highest ABA-sensitivity was recorded in GA-2002 and Chakwal-50 whereas Tatara manifested minimum sensitivity. ABA-sensitivity corresponded to physiological indices of drought tolerance. Results show that ABA-sensitivity is an efficient criterion that can be used to evaluate drought tolerance of wheat cultivars at early stage.
Plausible Mechanisms by Which Ultrasonic Waves Affect Seeds
Authors: Pour Mohammad Eteghadi , Hobbi Mahsa , Ghasemi Hadi , Nazari Meisam 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
To study the effect of sonication on the seed germination percentage and rate as well as the cell area of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) a laboratorial experiment was performed as Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The results indicated that the ultrasonic waves affect the seed germination, germination rate and cell area significantly (at 0.05). The results of the mean comparison tests (LSD, 0.05) showed that the highest germination percentage (100 %), germination rate and cell area (1370.71 μ2) is achieved through 15 minutes exposure to ultrasonic waves. It is concluded that weakening the seed’s cell wall rigidity by sonication results in more and faster water imbibition by the cells and improved germination.
Vegetative Propagation of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] for Increased Seed Production
Authors: Ibitoye D.O. , Olomide O.A.K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Large number of parental plants are required during hybridization in order to generate enough progeny needed for evaluation. Cowpea is propagated through seeds, this increases the waiting period as the plant has to complete its juvenile phase before flowering. Asexual propagation approach was employed on cowpea using the vine cuttings of flowering plants. The vine cuttings were planted in sterilized top soil and they began flowering 14 days after cutting without adding fertilizer. Success was obtained using this method which increases the rate at which the hybrids needed for multi-location trial were obtained.