bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Susceptibility in ICU before war in Sudan, Antibiogram development
Authors: El-Raheem Ghada Omer Hamad Abd , Dihesh Mohamed Elhadi Ahmed , Elmardi Mohamed Elmutaz Babikir , Elamin Hana Eltayeb Salih , Zeinelabdin Latifa Elsir Abas , Ahmed Dalia Omer Suliman , Mudather Misa Abdelmajid Alhaj , Gaber Omema Abdelkrem Abdelftah , Abdalla Hanadie Mustafa Ebrahim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health issue in hospitals. Early-stage effective therapy is of high importance for optimum outcome among infected patients. In order to provide the clinical information about the prevalence of resistant pathogens at an institution, antibiograms are considered the best tool for that. The aim of this study was to develop a local unit-specific antibiogram for the Intensive Care Units based on the susceptibility rates of antimicrobials.
Facility- based cross sectional study was done among ICU patients of a Tertiary hospital, Khartoum. Data were collected from the record of microbiology Laboratory from September-2021 to September-2022. Results were presented as tables and figures, Chi- square test was used to assess associations between variables, results were statistically significant when p< 0.05.
306 samples were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 51± 19 years. Males comprised higher percentage. Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter Spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most prevalent pathogenic bacteria (14.4%,44/306), (9.2%, 28/306), and (7.2% 23/306) respectively. Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp., and E. coli had low susceptibility to meropenem. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa was susceptible to meropenem. Gram negative bacteria were the most prevalent with low susceptibility rates. Gram positive bacteria, all were susceptible to vancomycin. Low prevalence was recorded for MRSA.
This antibiogram of ICUs can provide a reference for all future ICU antibiograms which will give a clear picture of the antimicrobial resistance pattern among ICU patients.
Clinical trial number: not applicable
CRISPR/Cas9-editing of PRNP in Alpine goats.
Authors: Allais-Bonnet Aurélie , Richard Christophe , André Marjolaine , Gelin Valérie , Deloche Marie-Christine , Lamadon Aurore , Morin Gwendoline , Mandon-Pépin Béatrice , Canon Eugénie , Thépot Dominique , Laubier Johann , Moazami-Goudarzi Katayoun , Laffont Ludivine , Dubois Olivier , Fassier Thierry , Congar Patrice , Lasserre Olivier , Aguirre-Lavin Tiphaine , Vilotte Jean-Luc , Pailhoux Eric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Misfolding of the cellular PrP (PrPc) protein causes prion disease leading to neurodegenerative disorders in numerous mammalian species including goats. Lack of PrPc induces complete resistance to prion disease. The aim of this work was to engineered Alpine goats carrying knockout (KO) alleles of PRNP, the PrPc-encoding gene, using CRISPR/Cas9-ribonucleoproteins and single-stranded donor oligonucleotides. The targeted region preceded the PRNPTer mutation previously described in Norwegian goats. Genome editors were injected under the zona pellucida prior to the electroporation of 565 Alpine goat embryos/oocytes. Of those, 122 two-cell stage embryos were transferred to 46 hormonally synchronized recipient goats. Six of the goats remained pregnant and naturally gave birth to 10 offspring. Among the 10 newborns, eight founder animals carrying PRNP genome-edited alleles were obtained. Eight different mutated alleles were observed including five inducing KO mutations. Three founders carried only genome-edited alleles and were phenotypically indistinguishable from their wild type counterparts. Among them, one male carrying a one base pair insertion leading to a KO allele is currently used to rapidly extend a PRNP KO line of Alpine goats for future characterizations. In addition to KO alleles, a PRNPdel6 genetic variant has been identified in one third of the founder animals. This new variant will be tested for its potential properties in regards to prion disease. Follow-on studies will also evaluate the effect of the genetic background on other characters associated with PRNP KO as previously described in the Norwegian breed or other species.
Channel State Feedback in Near Field Ultra Large-scale MIMO Systems Based on Compressed Sensing
Authors: Rong Guozhi , Yao Rugui , He Yifeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The rapid development of ultra large-scale MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems has posed challenges to traditional channel state information (CSI) feedback methods. The increase in the number of antennas significantly increases the amount of data required for feedback, resulting in higher feedback overhead and affecting system performance. In response to this issue, this article used compressive sensing technology to reduce the amount of CSI feedback data, thereby reducing feedback overhead and optimizing system performance. To this end, this article constructed a super large-scale MIMO system model and studies channel characteristics. Gaussian random measurement matrix is selected for channel sampling, and sparse reconstruction is achieved by combining orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. Through simulation experiments, it was found that under different channel conditions, the OMP algorithm reduced the amount of data fed back by 25% -50% compared to the Least Square (LS) algorithm. When processing large-scale data, the OMP algorithm not only improves efficiency, but also significantly reduces computational complexity and resource consumption. Under ideal channel conditions, the system exhibits extremely high reliability, with almost zero error rate and packet loss rate. This study provides an effective solution for CSI feedback in ultra large-scale MIMO systems.
Numerical analysis of a fractional-order giving up smoking model by using artificial neural network scheme
Authors: Talha Muhammad Sadaqat , Waseem Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze the numerical performance of the fractional-order giving up smoking model (FO-GUSM) by developing a framework for computation by using stochastic Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation artificial neural networks (SLMB-ANN). The GUSM is classif ied into four categories, potential smokers P(t), occasional smokers L(t), chain smoker S(t), and quit smoker Q(t). Computations are performed by SLMB-ANN to solve the four numerical variations. Using stochastic structured LMB-ANNs, the results obtained from GUSM were presented with training, validation, and testing processes to reduce the mean squared error (MSE) values compared to the reference (data-driven outcomes). To assess the efficiency, accuracy, capability, and proficiency of the suggested computational framework LMB-ANNs, a comprehensive analysis is conducted by analyzing correlations, mean square error (MSE), state transition data, error histograms, and regression analysis. The importance and value of the LMBANNs method is confirmed by the comparison of the results, achieving an accuracy within 5 to 7 decimal places in solving the GUSM.
“No tears or brain words”: A case report on single-session dance/movement therapy for individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Biondo Jacelyn , Gerber Nancy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia face a multitude of challenges in their lifetime including complex symptomatology, co-morbid health concerns, profound levels of stigmatization and diminished access to quality care. Additionally, they are often the victims of unjust systemic biases and discrimination when they are able to engage with the health system. This confluence of injustices leads to disparate physical and mental health outcomes for this vulnerable population. Globally, schizophrenia affects over 24 million, many of whom are experiencing healthcare disparities posing a significant public health concern. Dance/movement therapy (DMT) is an equitable healthcare provision situated in a strengths-based and trauma-informed psychotherapeutic framework. Dance/movement can support the symptomatic needs of schizophrenia including alternate reality orientations, thought and behavioral disorganization, and diminished interpersonal engagement.
Case Presentation: This intrinsic case report examines the experience of a 37-year-old African American cisgender male, with high symptom acuity of schizophrenia, who engaged in a single-session DMT intervention.
Conclusions: Following the intervention, the participant exhibited a decrease in symptomatology as evidenced by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale in total scores as well as subscales of psychological distress, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and resistance. Moreover, following the DMT session he expressed having had a transformative experience, feeling like a contributing member of the group process. He also reported feeling a sense of pride, and experiencing the ability to engage in healthy relationships, and noting shared and meaningful experiences in his group process. Future research should explore the potential for DMT, an inclusive and equitable treatment option, to support individuals with schizophrenia.
Planning sustainable futures: Critical drivers of success in the global context
Authors: Joseph Emilda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The growth of the tourism industry has emphasized the need for sustainable development within the tourism sector (X. Li, 2022). Sustainable tourism development balances economic benefits with environmental preservation and minimizes negative impacts (Hunter, 1997). To achieve this, a long-term sustainable strategy for planning, managing, and monitoring tourism activities is necessary (Galuppo et al., 2020). This study is conducted on different tourism villages across the Asia and Pacific regions to understand their strategy for sustainable tourism development, especially regarding the four dimensions of sustainability, i.e., social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors. The study results could help the decision-makers recognize and prioritize the opportunities while reducing the destination’s challenges and planning on the destination’s tourism potential.
Perceptions of sarcopenia in patients, health and care professionals, and the public: a scoping review of studies from different countries
Authors: Lewis Emma Grace , Hurst Christopher , Errington Linda , Sayer Avan Aihie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Rationale and objective
Perceptions of sarcopenia have rarely been explored, yet understanding these will be key for successful translation of sarcopenia research findings into meaningful benefits for patients and the public. This scoping review aimed to explore how sarcopenia is perceived amongst patients, health and care professionals (HCP), and the public in different countries.
Methods
Seven electronic databases were searched from inception up to December 2023 with no geographical or language limitations. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed research of any design where the focus related to perceptions of sarcopenia. Studies using alternative descriptors only, such as “skeletal muscle weakness/loss” were excluded. Study characteristics were charted, and thematic synthesis conducted.
Results
Following independent screening of 11,533 records, 20 articles were included in this review representing 19 countries. Five studies focused on patient perceptions, 11 investigated HCP, and four the public. Three key themes were identified: (1) Low awareness of sarcopenia - among all groups, its nature as a disease was contested. (2) The “know-do” gap in healthcare - even where knowledge among HCP existed, this had not translated into clinical practice, in part, due to perceptions of sarcopenia and its management. (3) Experiencing weakness - living with sarcopenia had physical and psychological sequalae.
Key conclusions
These findings reveal perceptions that may be contributing to the slow adoption of sarcopenia prevention, screening, diagnosis, and management. Addressing these areas has the potential to aid translation of sarcopenia research findings into improved clinical care and benefits for patients and the public.
Clinical Characterization of Aortitis and Periaortitis. Study of 134 Patients From a Single University Hospital
Authors: Secada Carmen , Loricera Javier , Martín-Gutiérrez Adrián , López-Gutiérrez Fernando , García-Alcalde Lucía , Núñez-Sayar María , Ucelay-Aristi Ander , Martínez-Rodríguez Isabel , Castañeda Santos , Blanco Ricardo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background Aortitis and periaortitis represent the inflammation of the aortic wall and the surrounding periaortic tissues. Both may be severe, associated with different diseases and display unspecific manifestations. Early diagnosis is a challenge.Aim We assess the causes and main features of aortitis and periaortitis from a single university center.Methods Observational study of patients with aortitis or periaortitis from a referral center in Spain.Results We include 134 patients (87 female/47 male) (mean age: 55.1 ± 9.1 years) with aortitis (n = 132) or periaortitis (n = 2). Aortitis was associated with: giant cell arteritis (n = 102), Takayasu arteritis (n = 6), IgG4-related disease (n = 6), infectious diseases (n = 3), malignancy (n = 1), drugs (n = 1), isolated aortitis (n = 1), and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) (n = 12). These IMIDs included: Sjögren syndrome (n = 2), sarcoidosis (n = 2), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 2), axial spondyloarthritis (n = 2), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 1), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 1), idiopathic lung fibrosis (n = 1) and polyarteritis nodosa (n = 1). Periaortitis was due to idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis in both cases. The imaging techniques used for the diagnosis were: 18F-FDG PET/CT scan (n = 133), computed tomography angiography (CT-A) scan (n = 44) and/or magnetic resonance imaging angiography (MRI-A) (n = 33). Ascending thoracic aorta was the most frequently involved segment. Polymyalgia rheumatica (52.2%) and asthenia (53.7%) were the most frequent clinical manifestations. Other manifestations were limb claudication (23.9%) and inflammatory back pain (26.9%). Acute phase reactants were usually high.Conclusion Aortitis is not an uncommon condition that may be related to multiple non-infectious entities. Clinical presentation is often non-specific, requiring a high index of suspicion, reason why the diagnosis is often delayed.
Comparison of Two Normalization Structures in Brain Perfusion Tomography in the First Episode of Schizophrenia Using Commercial Software
Authors: Markos Ines Sisko , Blažeković Ivan , Orlović Ivona , Peitl Vjekoslav , Frobe Ana , Karlović Dalibor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives: Single photon emission computed tomography with Tc-99m hexamethylpropylenamine oxime provides information on brain perfusion distribution in psychiatric patients. The assessment of cerebral blood flow using different normalization structures could be diverse.
Methods: Quantification programs may improve diagnosis, but adequate normalization structure must be selected. We compared regional brain perfusion in twelve brain regions associated with schizophrenia using two different normalization structures - whole brain and cerebellum - in antipsychotic drug- naive patients during the first episode of schizophrenia.
Results: We analyzed 12 brain regions associated with schizophrenia in 50 patients with the first episode of schizophrenia. Z-scores for each entire region, as well as left and right Z-scores, were calculated based on an age-matched normal database. We chose two normalization structures for Z-score calculation, the whole brain and the cerebellum.
Conclusion: Based on the results, we conclude that both normalization structures can be used. However, the highest Z-score matches were observed for the gyrus rectus, orbitofrontal region, inferior medial frontal gyrus, medial orbital gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, superior medial frontal gyrus, and caudate, while the lowest matches were found for the medial temporal region and thalamus.
Disease Remission and Sustained Remission After Etanercept Biosimilar or Originator Initiation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Interim Real-World Analysis
Authors: Birck Marina G , Boivin Jessica , Yan Laura , Carrier Nathalie , Moura Cristiano S , Maksymowych Walter P , Boire Gilles , Choquette Denis , Lukusa Luck , Mallinson Michael , Wilhelm Linda , Neville Autumn , Bernatsky Sasha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: We compared time to first remission and prevalence of sustained remission in participants with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiating etanercept biosimilar (ETA-B) or originator (ETA-O).
Methods: We studied etanercept-naive participants with RA from three Canadian prospective cohorts who initiated ETA-B or ETA-O (Jan/2015-May/2022). Disease remission was determined using disease activity scales. Sustained remission was defined as at least two consecutive visits in remission within the first 12 months of follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression was used to compare the probability of achieving remission between ETA-B and ETA-O, and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess sustained remission.
Results: We studied 150 participants with RA (ETA-B: 65.3%). Among 125 participants not in remission at baseline, the median time to first remission was 8.7 months (95% confidence intervals [CI] 5.2-12.1) in the ETA-B group and 14.5 months (95% CI 4.7-18.6) in the ETA-O group. Time to first remission was similar between the groups (log-rank test: P-value = 0.51). Multivariate Cox regression showed no clear difference in first remission between ETA-B and ETA-O (adjusted hazard ratio 1.43, 95% CI 0.65-3.13). Among 125 participants with at least 12 months of follow-up, the prevalence of sustained remission was 19.5% for ETA-B and 21.0% for ETA-O. In multivariate analysis, we did not detect a significant difference in sustained remission between ETA-B and ETA-O (adjusted odds ratio 1.16, 95% CI 0.31-4.74).
Conclusion:We did not detect clear differences in first remission and sustained remission between participants with RA initiating ETA-B or ETA-O.
Trial registration: Not applicable.
Wellness in the invisible workforce: a pilot study in Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) women faculty in the pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences.
Authors: Harris Suzanne C. , Loop Matthew Shane , Tanni Kaniz Afroz , Jackson Klarissa D. , White Carla Y. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (BIPOC) women faculty are underrepresented in biomedical sciences and higher education. This disparity has been highlighted in previous studies to harm productivity, career progression, and well-being. This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and perceived impact of a longitudinal well-being program for BIPOC women faculty, estimating its effects on well-being, burnout, and self-efficacy.
Methods
Full-time faculty in pharmacy or pharmaceutical science, identifying as BIPOC women, participated in this pilot study. Cohort 1 engaged in a two-year program, while Cohort 2 participated for one year. Open-text questions assessed program impact on well-being, and inductive coding identified themes. Well-being, burnout, and self-efficacy were measured using the General Well-Being Index (WBI), Maslach Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS), 2-items from the Maslach Burnout Index-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and General Self-Efficacy Survey (GSES). Descriptive statistics were calculated for primary and secondary outcomes.
Results
Seventeen participated in Cohort 1, and 23 participated in Cohort 2. Both cohorts reported a positive impact on well-being and a sense of community as a result of the program. Post-intervention median WBI decreased, and burnout and well-being risk declined (MBI: 24% and 30% point decrease, WBI: 20% and 60% point decrease for Cohorts 1 and 2, respectively). The AWS community subscale (Cohort 1) and reward subscale (Cohort 2) showed largest increases. Cohort 2 exhibited improved self-efficacy (GSES median score change of + 4.0).
Conclusion
Participants reported many of the key impacts were the program’s ability to foster a sense of community and help them develop skills for personal and professional well-being. While higher baseline risks of poor well-being and burnout persist for BIPOC women faculty, positive trends emerged post-intervention. This study contributes to innovative strategies focused on supporting the well-being of BIPOC women faculty.
No effects of multi-modal intervention against cognitive decline on atrophy and small vessel disease imaging markers in the AgeWell.de imaging study
Authors: Beyer Frauke , Kleine Lukas , Zülke Andrea , Luppa Melanie , Mildner Toralf , Frese Thomas , Gensichen Jochen , Czock David , Wiese Birgitt , König Hans-Helmut , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Thyrian Jochen René , Villringer Arno , Riedel-Heller Steffi , Witte A. Veronica 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Multimodal lifestyle interventions might help to maintain healthy cognition in older age and to delay onset of dementia. Here, we studied the effects of a multi-modal lifestyle-based intervention, based on the FINGER trial, on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of hippocampal-limbic atrophy and cerebral small vessel disease in older adults at increased risk for dementia in Germany.
Methods
Leipzig participants of the multicenter AgeWell.de randomized controlled trial were examined with magnetic resonance imaging before and after a two year intervention at 3 Tesla MRI. We extracted hippocampal volume and entorhinal cortex thickness (ECT), free water fraction (FW), peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), white matter hyperintensity volume and mean gray matter cerebral blood flow and assessed the effect of the intervention on these imaging markers using linear mixed models. We also tested the effect of the intervention on the hippocampus-dependent Mnemonic Similarity Test and fixel-based white matter microstructure.
Results
56 individuals (mean(sd) age: 68.8 (4.2) years, 26 females, 24/32 intervention/control group) were included at baseline and 41 returned after an average of 28 months for the second assessment. ECT and FW exhibited stronger decline in the intervention compared to the control group in preregistered models but not when adjusted for baseline differences. All other markers progressed similarly across groups. In exploratory analyses, cerebral blood flow increased more in the intervention group and this change was associated with decreases in systolic blood pressure.
Conclusions
In this group of older adults at risk for dementia, we did not find hypothesized beneficial effects of a multi-modal lifestyle intervention on brain imaging markers of neurodegeneration and small vessel disease. Yet, preliminary evidence suggested an association of the intervention, increased cerebral blood flow and systolic blood pressure reductions.
Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (reference number DRKS00013555)