bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helical and oscillatory microswimmer motility statistics from differential dynamic microscopy
Authors: Croze Ottavio A , Martinez Vincent A , Jakuszeit Theresa , Dell’Arciprete Dario , Poon Wilson C K , Bees Martin A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The experimental characterisation of the swimming statistics of populations of micro-organisms or artificially propelled particles is essential for understanding the physics of active systems and their exploitation. Here, we construct a theoretical framework to extract information on the three-dimensional motion of micro-swimmers from the intermediate scattering function (ISF) obtained from differential dynamic microscopy (DDM). We derive theoretical expressions for the ISF of helical and oscillatory breaststroke swimmers, and test the theoretical framework by applying it to video sequences generated from simulated swimmers with precisely-controlled dynamics. We then discuss how our theory can be applied to the experimental study of helical swimmers, such as active Janus colloids or suspensions of motile microalgae. In particular, we show how fitting DDM data to a simple, non-helical ISF model can be used to derive three-dimensional helical motility parameters, which can therefore be obtained without specialised 3D microscopy equipment. Finally, we discus how our results aid the study of active matter and describe applications of biological and ecological importance.
Umbrella leaves—Biomechanics of transition zone from lamina to petiole of peltate leaves
Authors: Sacher Moritz , Lautenschläger Thea , Kempe Andreas , Neinhuis Christoph 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this study we aim to show how the peltate leaves of Colocasia fallax Schott and Tropaeolum majus L., despite their compact design, achieve a rigid connection between petiole and lamina. We have combined various microscopy techniques and computed tomography (CT) scanning for the analysis of the basic structure of the plant’s stabilization system. Mechanical tests yielded key mechanical parameters and allowed us to assess the mode of failure. The results of the tests were further processed in a finite element method (FEM) analysis. We were able to show that both plants are able to endure high loads irrespective of the different composition of the supporting structure. C. fallax forms many separate branched strands, whereas T. majus forms fewer strands of greater diameter interconnected in the centre of the transition area, forming a bundle of irregular orientation. This results in different ways to dissipate loads on the lamina. In C. fallax we observed the outer strands of the strengthening tissue under high stress while the inner bundle carries little load. In T. majus the load is distributed more evenly through the juncture in the middle of the transition area. Potential applications include the construction of biomimetical flying roofs.
Mini DNA-barcode as molecular marker for heavily processed hairtail fish products authentication
Authors: Abdullah A , Nurilmala M , Jacoeb A M , Sitaresmi K P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Fish species mislabeling, wrongful description, and substitution by species with a lower value are problems that occur due to globalization of fish markets. Establishment of fishery products and seafood species identification methods becomes an important task for Indonesian fishery research laboratories and seafood control authorities. Therefore, various DNA barcode markers must be tested to determine which markers are suitable for rapid, simple, and applicable methods. This study aimed to determine the reliability of full-length DNA barcode and mini DNA-barcodes for raw fillets and numerous cooked Indonesian hairtails. The results showed all DNA barcode markers were successfully applied to all of the samples with the species level assignment of 97-100%. Our study proposed a practical molecular marker for the monitoring of quality and food safety assurance of important hairtail products.
Utilization of belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) to reduce urea levels from shark (Carcharhinus sp.) meat in shredded processing
Authors: Adawyah R , Khotimah I K , Puspitasari F , Rahmawati H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This research aimed to reduce the urea level in the shark meat and to find out the suitable concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi extract to reduce urea level in the shark meat for processing of shredded meat. Trehis research were to soak the shark meat in the Averrhoa bilimbi extract with 0% (without soaking), 20%, 40%, 60% by three repetitions for each treatment. Parameter that observed in this research were the amount of urea in the product and organoleptic test of colour, taste, flavour, and appearance. Soaking in the Averrhoa bilimbi extract of 60% could reduce the urea level in the product as much as 69.51%.
Yield-per-recruit modeling as biological reference points to provide fisheries management of Leopard Coral Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Agustina S , Panggabean A S , Natsir M , Retroningtyas H , Yulianto I 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) is an important fisheries commodity in Saleh Bay, both ecologically and economically. Continuous exploitation of this species has caused population collapses in some waters due to high fishing pressure. Therefore, it is very important to estimate its population stock. Yield per recruit models usually being used to evaluate population stock also to estimate biological reference point. We estimated life-history parameters using length-based stock assessment, while stock size was estimated by virtual population analysis (VPA), and finally, prediction models was estimated using Beverton & Holt’s yield per recruit model. We used the following variables: growth parameters, fishing mortality, length at first capture, and age at 50% recruitment into the fishery. From these variables we found that the Fcurrent (0.26) is higher than the target reference point (FMSY= 0.24), which confirmed the indication of slight increased exploitation rate (E=0.62). It is shown that the Plectropomus leopardus was overexploited with spawner biomass-per-recruit at 20.6% of pristine levels. The regulation measures to correct the exploitation pattern and to reduce fishing mortality smaller than Fmsy including limiting the catch size and control on fishing gear by limiting fishing effort.
Governability of marine protected areas: The effect of trade-offs, hybrid patterns, and policy implications in Cenderawasih Bay National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Bawole R , Yulianda F , Bengen D G , Fahrudin A , Mudjirahayu  
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper describes how to integrate and harmonize governability that is built on the dimensions of the governance system, system to be governed, and interactive governance. This form of integration often causes trade offs between governability (interdimensional), resulting in one of the systems more likely to have a more prominent role than other systems. This condition is often overlooked in the current management activities. Harmonization between dimensions of governance is done to synergize the roles of each dimension’s attributes to achieve good governance in reaching the objectives of the management. In a hybrid pattern (an integration between governance system and systems to be governed), the interactive governance process could be achieved through an adaptive and responsive management, and monitoring and evaluation, as well as regulatory aspects and involvement of the stakeholders as prime movers of the processes in all phases of management. This is especially important for areas without explicit customary marine management traditions where the emergent nonformal institutional set-up needs to fill a particularly large void in the nonformal adaptive core within the formal MPA framework governance. In this context, even effective rules which achieve undesirable outcomes need to be examined for underlying rationales and incentives.
Use of Sargassum polycystum ethanol extract as antibacterial for increasing shelf life tilapia fillet (Oreochromis niloticus) stored in chilling temperature
Authors: Budi P H , Thaib E A , Julita M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Sargassum polycystum is a seaweed that has a chemical compound that can be used as an antibacterial. Tilapia fillet is one of the fish product which is known as perishable food. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of S. polycystum ethanol extract in resisting the deterioration rate of tilapia fillet quality. The tilapia fillet was given three treatments that was soaked with 1% S. polycystum ethanol extract, positive control (washed with 10 ppm chlorine water), and negative control (water) was then stored for 10 days at a temperature of 4°C. The results of the study found that tilapia fillets that are soaked with S. polycystum ethanol extract solution can maintain the organoleptic value. TPC of tilapia fillet soaked with S. polycystum ethanol extract was better than control. Chemical test results (pH and TVB) showed the fillet that was soaked with S. polycystum ethanol extract had a better value than the control. Treatment with S. polycystum ethanol extract acts as an antibacterial compound similar to the positive control, but better than the negative control. This can be used in extending the shelf life of tilapia fillets in low temperatures by two days longer than negative control.
Fishing industry comprehensive health standard on fish market: The case of Muara Angke
Authors: Darmawan  , Nurjali  , Nugroho T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Fishing industry is not only concern about sustainability, but also ensuring health quality of fish sold in markets. Therefore health quality level of fish market is critical. Fish market regulations have been issued by more than one government agency that have comparable authority. Different mandates of those institutions created a lack of comprehensive regulation on how to develop and manage healthy fish market well. This situation could puzzle existing fish market managers or fish market developers. Author used direct qualitative comparison between existing regulations and descriptive analysis approach to formulate a comprehensive health standard for fish market development. The result is a synchronized comprehensive health standard consist of five aspects with 59 criteria. Some parts of the comprehensive standard (four aspects and 17 criteria) was then used as try-out to assess the health adequacy level of the Muara Angke fish market. Simple check list with percentage calculation was implemented to determine the level of health adequacy of the market. The results showed that on average the level of health adequacy reached only 39.7%. It means that Muara Angke fish market is an unhealthy fish market and needs a lot of improvement to become a healthy and hygiene fish market.
Spatial and seasonal variation of mangrove litter production in Bitung, Indonesia
Authors: Dharmawan I W E , Guangcheng C , Pramudji  , Bin C 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to figure out a spatial and seasonal variation of litterfall production and its correlation with environmental parameters. The area was distinguished into three zones based on species domination, landward (Xylocarpus granatum); middle zone (Rhizophora apiculata) and seaward (Ceriops tagal). Four square, 50x50 cm (1 mm nylon mesh) litter traps were hung randomly in each zone, and the litters were collected monthly. Secondary climate data were compiled from the NOAA and BMKG, while soil and water contents were acquired from TIO-RCO investigation. The number of litter production on Kema was in the moderate category compared to several studies. Spatially, total litter production on landward (6.90±3.67 t.ha−1.y−1) and seaward (6.66±3.08 t.ha−1.y−1) were not significantly different, but they had a significant difference to the middle zone (8.93±4.85 t.ha− 1.y−1). Vegetative parts were highly dominant on litter composition. Total phosphate was highly correlated with spatial differences. Mangrove produced more litter during the dry season due to their higher metabolic adaptation to cope with the higher temperature and salinity. Even though there was no significant correlation between climate factors and total litter production. During season-transition periods, production of litterfall doubled than either dry/wet season followed by climatic parameter changes delivering physiological stresses.
A potential inefficiency management: Kaizen application in the fillet processing of frozen demersal fish at PT. X Makassar-South Sulawesi
Authors: Dharmayanti N , Purnomo A H , Permadi A , Mariyana  
Published: May 2019

Abstract
PT. X is constantly lost profit allegedly due to inefficiencies in the processing of demersal fish fillets. This research was aimed to analyze the problem using the Kaizen method, a systematic analysis approach for continuous improvement. The research included the definition of the main problem, identification of the root causes on the employees, methods, materials and machine aspects, as well as identification of actions that are technically implementable and financially require less cost but produce maximum impact. The analysis of the production data in the frozen grouper fillets processing found differences in maximum yield in two production lines: 31.20% in Line 1 and 35.25% in Line 2, while the company’s overall standard yield was 33%. These results indicated that interventions in Line 1 are needed to increase the yield by 2%. Root cause analysis found a numbery internal aspects that could be improved through Kaizen intervention, namely sorting raw materials, filleting, skinning, and trimming. Two interventions were recommended including employees training who in those aspects, and calibrating the main equipment. With such interventions, the inefficiencies worth Rp. 6.000,-/Kg of final product equivalent to Rp. 1.000.000.000,-/year of production could be overcome.
Using internal transcribed spacers 2 (ITS2) to identify seaweed species from Tomini Bay and Banten Bay
Authors: Dharmayanti N , Abinawanto  , Anti A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Samples collected from two coastal areas by diving and using a boat. The fresh seaweed morphologically identified while the dried samples collected to be used for DNA testing. Previous research has been shown that there is an influence from environmental parameters on seaweed composition so that the water quality testing was carried out to determine the dominance of wild seaweed water. We conducted genomes extraction, PCR amplification, DNA sequencing testing, alignment with MEGA 7 application and made phylogeny tree, which are distributed at Tomini bay Dictyota sp., Halimeda sp., Padina sp., Polysiphonia sp., and Banten bay as Sargassum sp. This study evaluated the feasibility of using the ITS2 marker to identify some wild seaweed species, from Tomini Bay and Banten Bay waters. Five wild seaweed species collected from these waters were submitted for DNA barcoding. Currently available universal primers for ITS2 region amplification were sufficient to be successfully amplified and the result of DNA amplification continue to be sequenced. In conclusion, the data presented here indicates that ITS2 are useful markers for DNA barcoding of wild seaweed, with advantage for ITS2 due to the larger availability of analytical tools and reference barcodes deposited at databases for this marker.
Fish community structure at the Bogowonto River Estuary of Kulon Progo Regency
Authors: Djumanto  , Permatasari A , Iqtivaningsih E , Setyobudi E , Probosunu N 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of fish species, and the role of the Bogowonto River estuary as the nursery and feeding ground of fishes. Seven sampling stations were determined in the estuary of Bogowonto River. Fish samples were identified, and measured the length and weight. The results showed that 2235 fishes were caught consisting of 38 species. The monthly Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) ranged from 1.05 to 2.38, while the evenness index (E) ranged from 0.44 to 0.74, and the species richness index (D) ranged from 0.22 to 0.45. The diversity index at each station showed the range of 1.72 to 2.29, and the evenness index ranged from 0.59 to 0.85, while the evenness index ranged from 0.22 to 0.34. The presence of the most numerous species namely Mystus gulio had the occurrence of 35.35%, and the second largest number was Moolgarda engeli 14.08% then Ambassis macrachantus 11.54%. Most fishes were juvenile with average size of <10 cm and weight <15 g. Bogowonto River estuary has played an important role in providing a nursery, feeding and spawning ground for marine, brackish and freshwater fishes.
Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Sargassum plagyophyllum and Eucheuma cottonii methanol extracts
Authors: Dolorosa M T , Nurjanah  , Purwaningsih S , Anwar E , Hidayat T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Tyrosinase is an enzyme that plays a role in the formation of melanin on two reactions, namely monophenolase and diphenolase. The process of melanin formation can be reduced through the inhibition mechanism of the tyrosinase enzyme. Seaweeds are natural organisms that have recognized lightening agents. Sargassum plagyophyllum contains secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins while Eucheuma cottonii contains alkaloids and terpenoids. The aim of this research was to determine the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of seaweeds. The yield of methanol extract amounted to 1.342% in S. plagyophyllum and 0.2599% in E. cottonii. The inhibitory activity of tyrosine is performed by measuring enzymatic reaction using L-tyrosine (monophenolase) and L-DOPA (diphenolase) substrates and presented as IC50 value. The IC50 values of kojic acid as a positive control were 15.566 μg/mL for monophenolase and 29.156 μg/mL for diphenolase. The IC50 values of S. plagyophyllum and E. cottonii methanol extracts for monophenolase were 2195.206 μg/mL and 2691.478 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 value of methanol extract was 1769.336 μg/mL for S. plagyophyllum and 2631.648 μg/mL for E. cottonii on diphenolase. Methanol extracts from these two species of seaweed have the potential to be developed as bioactive compounds in skin lightening cosmetics.
Dietary exposure assessment and risk characterization of lead based on lead contaminant research (online) in Indonesia and Indonesian Individual Food Consumption Survey (IFCS)
Authors: Efanny M , Andarwulan N , Yuliana N D 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An exposure assessment was performed to estimate the potential of lead dietary intake in the Indonesian population. Dietary exposure assessment requires information on lead concentration in food and food consumption data. The data of lead concentration in food was a secondary data obtained through online research from several online scientific resources with keywords “lead in food, lead contamination”. Food consumption data were obtained from Indonesian Individual Food Consumption Survey. Lead dietary intakes were estimated with a deterministic approaches that used lead concentration in food and maximum level (ML) of lead in food based on Indonesia Nation Agency of Drug and Food Control (INA-DFC) regulation with the average value of food consumption. Risk characterization was conducted by comparing dietary intakes with a Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI). The results have shown that the infant group (0-59 months) had highest lead dietary intakes. Lead dietary intakes of mean concentration of lead from references are lower than lead dietary intake of INA-DFC ML of lead in all age groups. Risk characterization results showed that lead dietary intake of average level data and ML are at high risk (>100% PTWI) in all age groups. Major contributors to lead dietary intakes are fish and seafood.
Implementation kaizen method for reducing losses percentage of octopus frozen processing at PT. XYZ Makassar
Authors: Fauzan P I , Purnomo A H , Dharmayanti N , Siregar A N 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
PT. XYZ is one of the companies in Makassar which engaged in the processing of octopus commodity. This study was aimed to identify factors contributing to the losses using kaizen method in a raw octopus processing industry. The factors contributing to the losses were identified from direct observation during octopus processing and analyzing company’s data records from February until April 2018. The direct observation on gutting employees discovered the average shrinking size for A grade (2000 g-up) was 9.1%, B grade (1000-2000 g) was 10%, and C grade (0-1000g) was 10.6%. Inconsistencies were found after analyzing the data records at the gutting stage. While the standard gutting percentage is 12% on all octopus raw material sizes, the actual average gutting value was 13.7%. The results suggest that it is possible to establish a higher standard for optimizing corporate profits. The saving gained per 1% weight on C grade was estimated Rp 758,240,000,-/year while B grade was Rp 996,544,000,-/year, and A grade was Rp 1,191,520,000,-/year. These savings can be achieved by the addition of supervision during gutting process and sortation purchasing employee, training for employee awareness and work system applied by the company.
Antifungal activity of chitosan oligomer prepared using chitosanase of Aeromonas media KLU 11.16
Authors: Fawzya Y N , Trisdayanti  , Wibowo S , Noriko N 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chitosan oligomer is a hydrolysis product of chitosan which can be prepared by enzymatic method, including chitosanase that may be produced by bacteria. Previously, chitosanase from Aeromonas media KLU 11.16 has been purified and characterized. The aim of this study was to analyze the bioactivity of chitosan oligomer prepared by using Aeromonas media KLU 11.16 chitosanase, as antifungal. Chitosan oligomer was prepared from shrimp waste chitosan, and hydrolyzed by 8U chitosanase per gram chitosan. The reaction time was for 2, 3 and 4 hours at 30°C. The oligomer produced then determined their yields and viscosities; and was identified by using a thin layer chromatography (TLC). Antifungal activity test against Aspergilus flavus, A. niger, Eurotium amstelodami and Emericella nidulans was performed on selected oligomers based on consideration of yield and TLC result, with oligomer concentrations of 0; 50; 100 and 200 ppm. The result showed that hydrolysis chitosan by Aeromonas media KLU 11.16 chitosanase for 4 hours reduced the viscosity from 187.5 to 13 cPs, and produced oligomers 96.14% of yield. The oligomers identified by TLC were monomer (1 unit) to hexamer (6 unit), and showed their antifungal activity against the four fungi tested. The best inhibition was showed by 200 ppm of oligomer against A. flavus.