bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flame Photometry Characterization Procedure for Sodium Content in Brazilian Bentonites for Nanotechnology Applications
Authors: Santos Hellen S. , da Silva Karine L. Buarque , Zanini Ariel E. , Coelho Danilo S. , Embiruçu Marcelo , Nascimento Marcio L.F. 
Published: April 2019

Background:Brazilian bentonites have a low sodium concentration in their interlayer structure. This is a problem with most of the industrial applications that demand the characteristics of sodium bentonites.Objective:As a solution for this limitation, sodium carbonate is added to in natura clays, promoting ion exchange between other interlayer cations with sodium.Methods:A process was used based on the principle of Stokes’ Law (BR Patent 10 2013 016298). For this, we used four glass columns in series, in which a high water flow was considered to obtain purified clays. It was proposed as a simple, fast and economical method for sodium determination that was developed and applied in bentonites by flame photometry. The equipment calibration was performed with a NaCl standard solution in concentrations between 80 and 110 ppm. The bentonites in the suspension were separated by means of centrifugation, being thus analyzed by a flame photometer.Results:The samples were prepared according to the manufacturer’s specifications to contain detectable amounts of sodium by means of flame photometry. A resulting linear relationship between the average value readings versus sodium standard content solution (both in ppm) was obtained by the logarithmic scale, as expected.Conclusion:The procedure allowed to define a method that could be used in the sodification control process, thus making it possible to differentiate the sodium cation content in terms of the value of cation exchange capacity (CEC) from bentonite. X-ray analysis of in natura and the sodified clays showed nanostructural differences related to interlayer distance.
Legislative Enforcement of Contractual Fairness in Malaysian Consumer Contracts
Authors: Abdullah Farhah , Chin Ong Tze , Mohammed Na’aim Mohd Safri , Dayatie Nor Honey 
Published: April 2019

Consumers faced with contract do not know what 'small print' contains or understand its effect. Exclusion clauses may deprive a consumer of specific rights in which he deserves protection. The Consumer Protection Act 1999 in Malaysia, allows the consumers to identify between procedural unfairness and substantive unfairness. However, the Consumer Protection Act 1999 does not adequately protect the consumer. By applying the content analysis research method, this paper reviews the legislative and judicial intervention on unfair terms in consumer contracts. This article advocates that Malaysia should establish a specific framework on consumer law protection against unfair terms in consumer contracts.
Keywords: Exclusion clauses; unfair terms; consumer contracts; judicial-legislative intervention
eISSN 2514-7528 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v4i13.334
Assessment of anti-oxidant activity of Ficus benghalensis leaves: an In-vitro design
Authors: Pedgaonkar Aditi , Manish Adithya Gadeela , Sandhya Reddy Panyala , Thanuja Kollu , Divyashree Lankadasari , Vasudha Bakshi , Narender Boggula 
Published: April 2019

Background: Medicinal plants represent a rich source of natural anti-oxidants. The traditional medicine involves the use of different plant extracts of bioactive constituents. Ficus benghalensis is a large evergreen tree found throughout India. It is commonly called Banyan tree. It is used in traditional system of medicine like Ayurveda and homoeopathy. Ficus is a huge tropical deciduous or evergreen tree with more than 800 species.
Objective: Anti-oxidant effect of ethnomedicinal important plant species Ficus benghalensis (Family-Moraceae) was screened. The aim of this study was to assess the in-vitro potential of methanolic extract of Ficus benghalensis leaves as a natural anti-oxidant.
Method: Assessment of in vitro anti-oxidant activity of methanolic leaves extract of Ficus benghalensis was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay.
Results: The methanolic extract of Ficus benghalensis leaves demonstrates a remarkable amount of phenolic content (54 μg/ml of GAE/100gm of extract) by using Folin-ciocalteu reagent. In-vitro anti-oxidant activity of methanolic leaves extract of Ficus benghalensis was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, which showed significant anti-oxidant activity compared to standard anti-oxidant (ascorbic acid). A direct correlation between total phenol and anti-oxidant activity indicates polyphenols are the main anti-oxidants.
Conclusion: These findings suggest the excellent medicinal bio-activity of Ficus benghalensis and explain the popularity of this plant in the folk medicine as a remedy for different disorders, thus supporting its folklore application as preventive remedy as an anti-oxidant. The present study shows that Ficus benghalensis leaves have radical scavenging activity and can be considered as good sources of natural anti-oxidants for medicinal and commercial uses.
Keywords: Ficus benghalensis, anti-oxidant, DPPH scavenging activity, Folin-ciocalteu reagent.
GC-MS Analysis of Methanol and Ethyl Acetate Extract of fruits of Sphaeranthus indicus
Authors: Garg Kalpana , Shrivastava Birendra , Bhargava Anurag 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: To identify the various phytoconstituents present in the plant Sphaeranthus indicus by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Meth­ods: The fruits of Sphaeranthus indicus were extracted with Different solvents of increasing polarity. The methanol and ethylacetate extract were subjected to GCMS analysis to detect the phytoconstituents. Results: Totally 26 compounds were identified. Among these 13 constituents in methanol extract and 13 constituents in ethylacetate extract were identified during the GC-MS analysis. Stigmasterol and lupeol which were identified in the plant is considered to have antiarthritic properties.
Keywords: Sphaeranthus indicus, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrometry.
Molecular Characterization of Kidd Antigens Polymorphism (Jk) among Sudanese patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Khartoum State - Sudan
Authors: Abbas Amin Omer , Hassan Fathelrahman Mahdi , Abdulla Mahadi H.A. , Hassan Mutaz Ibrahim , Sanhory Jevara Mohamed , Elzaki Salah Eldien G , Abbas Yasir Yousif , Ibrahim Hussam Eldien Mubark 
Published: April 2019

Background: The Kidd glycoprotein is expressed in the kidney, where it enables the kidney to build up a high concentration of urea, which is needed for the kidney to produce concentrated urine. The urea transport across Kidd null RBC membranes is ~1000 times slower than across normal RBC membrane. Chronic kidney disease develops slowly and, initially, show few symptoms. CKD can be the long term consequence of irreversible acute disease or part of a disease progression. The most common causes of chronic renal failure are related to poorly controlled diabetes, poorly controlled high blood pressure.
Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the association between the Kidd antigen polymorphism and chronic kidney disease, in Sudan.
Results: The distribution of kidd blood group between chronic kidneydisease patient and control group were (49%) and (50%) for Jk (a + b−), 40% and 44% for Jk (a + b+) and 11% and 6% Jk (a − b+) respectively. also there were different in ten samples represented genomic typing (Jk ab ) but phenoptying represented as (Jka).
Conclusion: There were no obvious effects of kidd antigens polymorphism on kidney function .
Keywords: Kidd blood group, Genomic typing, Phenotyping, Chronic kidney disease.
A report on Nipah Virus
Authors: Doke Onkar , Kale Sagar , Mujawar Fatema Begum , More Priyanka , More Tejashri 
Published: April 2019

Nipah virus, a paramyxovirus related to Hendra virus. Nipah virus first emerged in Malaysia, outbreak continue to occur in Bangladesh and India. In Malaysia-Singapore outbreak transmission occurred primarily through contact with pig. While in Bangladesh and India it is related with ingestion of contaminated date palm sap and human-to-human transmission. Bats are main reservoir for Nipah virus which can cause disease in human and animal. Nipah virus replication well in porcine stable kidney cell and human lung fibroblast cell. Nipah virus is probably spread through cell-to-cell spread mechanism. The Nipah virus has the potential to be considered an agent of bioterrorism.
Keywords: Nipah virus; pig; human; transmission
Preparation and evaluation of polyherbal facial scrub
Authors: Aglawe Sachin Bhagwat , Gayke Amol Uttamrao , Khurde Akash , Mehta Dikshant , Mohare Tushar , Pangavane Ajinkay , Kandalkar Saurabh 
Published: April 2019

The main objective of present study was to prepare a polyherbal scrub incorporated into gel. The use of natural ingredients to fight against acne, wrinkle and also to control secretion of oil is known as natural or herbal cosmetics. Herbal cosmeceuticals usually contain the plant parts which possess antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti aging properties. Herbal cosmetics are the safest product to use routine with no side effects and cosmeceuticals are the product which influences the biological function of skin. In this preparation Green apple , cinnamon, Millet, Sandalwood, Neem , Turmeric and honey is used as active ingredients and incorporated into the gel which is prepared with carbopol of different grades. Other ingredients like propylene glycol, Triethanolamine; methyl parahydroxy benzoate was added along with sodium lauryl sulfate into the gel. The prepared gel was evaluated for various parameters such as appearance, pH, viscosity, Spreadability, washability, irritability and found to be satisfied with all required characterizations. Thus, the developed formulation can be used as an effective scrub for using it to bear a healthy and glowing skin.
Keywords: Polyherbal, Antioxidant, Anti Aging, Less Abrasive, Skin Exfoliate
Development, characterization and evaluation of poly-herbal ointment and Gel formulation containing Nerium Indicum Mill, Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam, Murraya Koenigii Linn, Punica Granatum Linn
Authors: Shukla Renuka , Kashaw Varsha 
Published: April 2019

Objective: The objective of present study was the development, characterization and evaluation of poly-herbal ointment and gel formulations of Nerium Indicum Mill, Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam, Murraya Koenigii Linn, Punica Granatum Linn extract. Plant derived substances and herbal medicines have recently attracted the great interest towards their versatile application. Medicinal plants are the richest source of bioactive compounds used in traditional and modern medicine. The ointment and gel formulation of plant extract has a sound approach, The poly-herbal ointment and gel formulation were evaluated for its physicochemical parameters like color, odour, pH, spreadability, extrudability, consistency, diffusibility, solubility, washability, non-irritancy and stability. Materials and methods: Extract of all four plants has been separated by the soxhlet extraction by 70% ethanol. Poly-herbal ointment and gel formulation has been prepared by mixing the extract of Nerium Indicum Mill, Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam, Murraya Koenigii Linn, Punica Granatum Linn with carbapol 940 for Gel formulation and PEG 2000 & PEG 600 for ointment formulation. Results and conclusion: Physicochemical evaluation shows that the poly-herbal ointment and gel formulations fulfilled the criteria as herbal formulation and irritancy test also performed to indicate the effectiveness and efficacy of prepared ointment and gel formulations. The poly-herbal ointment and gel formulations were also evaluated for its stability at various temperature conditions which shows no change in the irritancy, spreadability and diffusion study. Thus it could become a medium to use the medicinal properties of extracts effectively and easily as a simple dosage form.
Keywords: Nerium Indicum Mill, Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam, Murraya Koenigii Linn, Punica Granatum Linn, extract, ointment, gel.
Evaluation of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Syzygium aromaticum phenolic ethereal oils for In-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities
Authors: Manaswini N.K. , Nazneen S , Shankar Rao Garige Baba , Narender Boggula , Vasudha Bakshi , Mohan Manda Ram 
Published: April 2019

Aim: The present study is aimed to evaluate in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity of phenolic ethereal oils like Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) and Clove (Syzygium aromaticum).
Materials and methods: A total of 500 g of fresh leaves and dried flower buds of Tulsi and Clove were subjected to hydro-distillation method for 6 h using Clevenger’s apparatus. The isolated ethereal oils were used for testing the in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity by using albumin denaturation assay, proteinase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µl/ml and anti-bacterial activity against two gram positive microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two gram negative microorganisms (Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli) at concentrations 50 µl/ml, 100 µl/ml and 200 µl/ml by adopting cup plate method.
Results: The isolated ethereal oils exhibited significant in-vitro anti-inflammatory effect and also inhibited the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms at 50 µl/ml, 100 µl/ml and 200 µl/ml concentrations.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the effectiveness of Phenolic ethereal oils isolated from Clove and Tulsi. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) showed enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity compared to Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum). The present study provides evidence that Ocimum tenuiflorum and Syzygium aromaticum; Phenolic ethereal oils contain medicinally important bioactive components justifying its traditional use.
Keywords: Phenolic ethereal oils, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-bacterial activity, Ociumm tenuiflorum, Syzygium aromaticum.
Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review of “Phog”- Calligonum polygonoides L.
Authors: Swarnkar SK , Khunteta A , Gupta MK , Jain P , Paliwal S 
Published: April 2019

Calligonum polygonoides (Phog) belongs to family Polygonaceae. It is a geographically widely distributed shrub seen from the arctic to the tropics. This endangered plant (included in Red data book of IUCN) is morphologically having stem with nodes and internodes, white flowers in spike inflorescence and needle like leaves. It is traditionally used to stabilize sand dunes, as fuel, and in treatment of heat-stroke by mixing with curd or “Rayata”. It is also reported as antidote for opium poisoning. Various phyto-chemicals present include butanolides- calligonolides A and B, various flavanoids like kaempferol, quercetin and their derivatives. Various steroidal compounds are reported in roots. Pharmacologicallly, its cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal and biosorbent potentials are reported by various researchers. Therefore, an attempt has been made to accumulate properties of this potential herb.
Keywords: Calligonum, Phog, biosorbent, heat-stroke, calligonolides, kaempferol
Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity
Authors: Barukčić Ilija 
Published: April 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the relationship between Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity.
Methods: In order to clarify the relationship between Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity, several different approaches were chosen and appropriate theorems were developed.
Results: It was possible to provide the proof that Aristotle’s law of contradiction is observer dependent too but does not contradict Einstein’s special theory of relativity. Furthermore, a derivation of Aristotle’s law of contradiction from the identity law (principium identitatis) was provided.
Conclusions: Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity are compatible with each other.
Keywords: principium identitatis, principium contradictionis, causality, Einstein’s special theory of relativity
Pomegranate and sweet lime juices along with green coconut water promote rapid restoration of haematological parameters in patient infected with dengue: A case report
Authors: Giri Biplab , Sarkar Mrinmoy , Dash Sandeep Kumar , Dey Sananda 
Published: April 2019

We report a case of dengue fever in a 9-years old Indian child. She was given “anti-hyper thermic” drug paracetamol and anti-biotic amoxicillin for 5 days. The patient was detected with dengue infection (NS1 positive) with a 5 days history of high fever and headache. After scrutinizing the haematology data, the medications (paracetamol & amoxicillin) were stopped and only diet which was continued is fruit juices (pomegranate and sweet lime juices along with green coconut water) as nutritional supplement. After 48 hours of continuous administration of nutritional supplements, blood parameters showed immense change. From this case study it can be stated that, infection with dengue and subsequent decline in the platelet and leukocyte count can well be restored with pomegranate, sweet lime and green coconut water.
Keywords: Dengue, Pomegranate, Sweet Lime, Green Coconut Water
Evaluation of antidiarrheal effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata L (King and Robinson)
Authors: Mayela Nkouka S.H.J. , Kiéssé D.S. , Elion Itou R.D.G. , Etou Ossibi A.W. , Abena A.A. 
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg). ¶The antidiarrheal effect was evaluated on the diarrhoea induced by the castor oil, the charcoal test (intestinal transit time) and on the accumulation of the intestinal fluid induced by the castor oil (Enteropooling).¶The results obtained show that the aqueous extract at the doses used significantly decrease (p<0,001) the frequency of emission, the quantity and the onset of appearance of the faces induced by the castor oil. ¶The aqueous extract of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg) does not decrease significantly the intestinal transit (p>0.05) but on the other hand significantly decrease (p<0.01) the accumulation of the fluid in the intestine induced by the castor oil. ¶In conclusion the aqueous extract of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg) has an antidiarrheal effect who could be explained by interference with the mechanisms of secretion of the electrolytes. ¶These results would justify the use of plant on the traditional treatment of the diarrhoea.¶
Keywords: antidiarrheal effect, Castor oil, intestinal transit, enteropooling, Chromolaena odorata
Synthesis, characterization and thrombolytic activity of n-benzyl piperidin 4-one phenyl hydrazone
Authors: Sundaresan K. , Priyadarshini V. , Tharini K. 
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to synthesize, characterization and thrombolytic activity of N-Benzyl piperidin 4-one phenyl hydrazone derivative. Check the purity of all the synthesized compounds using thin layer chromatography. The synthesized compound was characterized by IR, 13C and 1H NMR spectral studies. The synthesized compound was subjected to thrombolytic activity. The thrombolytic activity was observed in 2 different concentrations of N-Benzyl piperidin 4-one phenyl hydrazone. Our findings support the reported therapeutic use of this compound as a thrombolytic agent in the Indian system of medicine.
Keywords: N-Benzyl piperidin 4-one phenyl hydrazone, thrombolytic activity, streptokinase.
A study on effectiveness and progress outcomes of educational inhaler technique intervention in asthma and COPD patients
Authors: Bhavana R , Suchithra R , Thejaswini Manupati , Harish Kumar Gundlapalli , Apoorva Dev 
Published: April 2019

Aim: A study on effectiveness and success factors of educational inhaler technique intervention in asthma and COPD.
Objectives: To identify the percentage of common errors done by people who use inhalers. To identify the risk factors associated with asthma and COPD.
Method: Data was collected from the subject’s face to face interview in a community setup and the lung capacities were measured using spirometer and peak flow meter; the values were noted and the subjects were asked to demonstrate their inhaler technique using placebo inhalers; numbers of correct and incorrect steps were noted. After a period of one month; the subjects were taken to follow up and measured the lung capacities and checked the inhaler steps; number of correct and incorrect steps were noted.
Results: A total of 572 samples were collected and 500 were followed up, in which 300 had Asthma and 200 had COPD. Out of which 189 were female and 311 were male. Low education level was the single most important factor leading to incorrect technique. Formal training resulted in a statistically significant increase in the percentage of correct techniques for all the devices. For pMDI (54.01% vs. 91.03%, *p=0.005 before & after training respectively). For pMDI+Spacer (52.75% vs. 94.85%, *p=0.007 before & after training respectively). For Accuhaler (54.07% vs. 91.27%, *p=0.017 before & after training respectively). For Rotahaler (63.94 vs. 98.64%. *p=0.029 before & after training respectively). For Nebuliser (56.97% vs. 91.88%, *p=0.001 before & after training respectively.
Conclusion: Proper education to patients on correct usage may not only improve control of the symptoms of the disease but might also allow dose reduction in long term. The number of subjects doing correct steps gradually increased after the pharmacist led intervention. Thus, proper counselling for the inhaler use in patients must be encouraged as it is directly linked to the quality of life of patient.
Keywords: Asthma and COPD control inhaler devices, inhaler technique, pharmacist intervention, inhaler education.
To assess prescribing pattern of antibiotics in department of pediatric at tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Jangra Sarita , Bhyan Bhupinder , Chand Wasim , Saji Joesph , Ghoghari Rahul 
Published: April 2019

Background: Frequent use of antibiotics can cause antimicrobial resistance and increased health care cost. Child and infants have immature pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic system. To overcome issue regarding antibiotic, use of institutional protocols based on rational standard guidelines (IAP/WHO) is necessary.
Aim: To assess prescribing pattern of antibiotics in department of pediatric at tertiary care teaching hospital.
Methods: A 6 months prospective observational single centered study was conducted on 147 pediatric patients who were prescribed with antibiotics at a tertiary care teaching Hospital, from December 2017 to May 2018.
Results: In study population distribution of age 5-10(41.66%) is highest population of patients and age 16-18(9.72%) is lowest patients of population. In disease distribution URTI (23.12%) is highest population of patients and Meningitis (2.02%) is lowest. Amoxicilin (27.21%) was more prescribed antibiotic and Levofloxacin (2.04%) was less prescribed drug. In gender distribution (66.66%) patient were found to be male and (33.33%) patient were found to be female out of total population. In frequency of treatment (54.42%) were given as twice a day, followed by (27.89%) were given once a day and (17.68%) were given as a thrice a day.
Conclusion: It was found that the population of male patient more than female patient, Study give the common idea of antibiotic prescribing pattern. The prescribing of antibiotics was according to the guidelines.
Keywords: Antibiotic, Pediatric, rational, prescribing pattern, inpatient, outpatient.