bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mutated rabbit defensin NP-1 produced by Chlorella ellipsoidea can improve the growth performance of broiler chickens
Authors: Fan Chengming , Wu Jihua , Xu Ling , Bai Lili , Yang Heming , Yan Congjuan , Wu Qing , Chen Yuhong , Hu Zanmin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe demand for alternatives to antibiotics to improve the growth performance of food animals is increasing. Defensins constitute the first line of defence against pathogens in the innate immune system of animals and humans. A transgenic Chlorella ellipsoidea strain producing mNP-1 (a mutated rabbit defensin NP-1) was previously obtained in our laboratory. In this study, a process for producing the transgenic strain on a large scale was developed, and the C. ellipsoidea strain producing mNP-1 was used as a feed additive to improve the health and growth performance of chickens. The volume of C. ellipsoidea producing mNP-1 can be scaled up to 10,000 L with approximately 100 g/L dry biomass, and the mNP-1 content of transgenic microalgal powder (TMP) was 90–105 mg/L. A TMP-to-regular feed ratio of 1‰, as the optimal effective dose, can promote the growth of broiler chickens by increasing weight by 9.27–12.95%. mNP-1 can improve duodenum morphology by promoting long and thin villi and affect the microbial community of the duodenum by increasing the diversity and abundance of beneficial microbes. These results suggested that transgenic Chlorella producing mNP-1 can be industrially produced and used as an effective feed additive and an alternative to antibiotics for improving the health and growth performance of broiler chickens or other types of food animals/poultry.
Longitudinal variations in thermospheric parameters under summer noontime conditions inferred from ionospheric observations: A comparison with empirical models
Authors: Mikhailov Andrey V. , Perrone Loredana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLongitudinal variations in the thermospheric neutral composition ([O] and [N2]) and exospheric temperature Tex have been inferred from June monthly median noontime foF1 and foF2 observations at mid-latitudes to check for consistency with empirical MSIS models. In general, a similarity in longitudinal variations has been demonstrated, and this is interesting, as similar variations were obtained with very different methods and different data sources. Both inferred and MSISE-00 modelled height-integrated O/N2 ratios are comparable to TIMED/GUVI observations only under solar minimum conditions but differ substantially under high solar activity. The retrieved height-integrated O/N2 ratio longitudinal variations are small (∼15%) in comparison to the observed NmF2 variations under high solar activity. The height-integrated O/N2 ratio cannot be incorporated into the F2-layer formation mechanism; therefore, such observations cannot be used for any quantitative interpretation of NmF2 variations.
Improving seasonal forecasts of air temperature using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Ratnam J. V. , Dijkstra H. A. , Doi Takeshi , Morioka Yushi , Nonaka Masami , Behera Swadhin K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSeasonal forecasts of air-temperature generated by numerical models provide guidance to the planners and to the society as a whole. However, generating accurate seasonal forecasts is challenging mainly due to the stochastic nature of the atmospheric internal variability. Therefore, an array of ensemble members is often used to capture the prediction signals. With large spread in the prediction plumes, it becomes important to employ techniques to reduce the effects of unrealistic members. One such technique is to create a weighted average of the ensemble members of seasonal forecasts. In this study, we applied a machine learning technique, viz. a genetic algorithm, to derive optimum weights for the 24-ensemble members of the coupled general circulation model; the Scale Interaction Experiment-Frontier research center for global change version 2 (SINTEX-F2) boreal summer forecasts. Our analysis showed the technique to have significantly improved the 2m-air temperature anomalies over several regions of South America, North America, Australia and Russia compared to the unweighted ensemble mean. The spatial distribution of air temperature anomalies is improved by the GA technique leading to better representation of anomalies in the predictions. Hence, machine learning techniques could help in improving the regional air temperature forecasts over the mid- and high-latitude regions where the model skills are relatively modest.
A novel technique to prepare a single cell suspension of isolated quiescent human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Zhai Xiangyu , Wang Wei , Dou Dandan , Ma Yunlong , Gang Du , Jiang Zhengchen , Shi Binyao , Jin Bin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo explore a simple and easy-to-learn procedure for the isolation of human quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) that requires no advanced training. Thus reducing costs and increasing efficiency. This protocol will provide sufficient primary cells with minimal contaminants for future basic research on diseases associated with human HSCs. Normal liver tissues were isolated from patients undergoing hepatic hemangioma resection, and a single cell suspension of these tissues was prepared using the Gentle MACS tissue processor. By using this method, the difficulty of the procedure was reduced, fewer cells were lost during the preparation treatments, and the maximal activity of single cells was maintained. Following preparation of the cell suspension, the HSCs were further isolated using a Nycodenz density gradient. Cell viability was examined by trypan blue staining, and the purity of the quiescent human HSCs was determined by autofluorescence and oil red O staining. Activated and quiescent human HSCs were identified using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The cell cycle distribution in activated and quiescent human HSCs was analyzed by flow cytometry.The recovery rate of the HSCs was approximately (2.1 ± 0.23) × 106 of tissue, with 94.43 ± 1.89% cell viability and 93.8 ± 1.52% purity. The technique used in this study is a simple, high-yield, and repeatable method for HSC isolation that is worthy of recommendation.
Temporal variation of eukaryotic community structures in UASB reactor treating domestic sewage as revealed by 18S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Hirakata Yuga , Hatamoto Masashi , Oshiki Mamoru , Watari Takahiro , Kuroda Kyohei , Araki Nobuo , Yamaguchi Takashi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEukaryotes are important components of ecosystems in wastewater treatment processes. However, little is known about eukaryotic community in anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. In this study, eukaryotic communities in an up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating domestic sewage during two years of operation were investigated using V4 and V9 regions of 18S rRNA gene for amplicon sequencing. In addition, activated sludge and influent sewage samples were also analyzed and used as the references for aerobic eukaryotic community to characterize anaerobic eukaryotes. The amplicon sequence V4 and V9 libraries detected different taxonomic groups, especially from the UASB samples, suggesting that commonly used V4 and V9 primer pairs could produce a bias for eukaryotic communities analysis. Eukaryotic community structures in the UASB reactor were influenced by the immigration of eukaryotes via influent sewage but were clearly different from the influent sewage and activated sludge. Multivariate statistics indicated that protist genera Cyclidium, Platyophrya and Subulatomonas correlated with chemical oxygen demand and suspended solid concentration, and could be used as bioindicators of treatment performance. Uncultured eukaryotes groups were dominant in the UASB reactor, and their physiological roles need to be examined to understand their contributions to anaerobic processes in future studies.
A reconstructed total precipitation framework
Authors: Igel Matthew R. , Biello Joseph A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractClimate change is expected to alter the statistical properties of precipitation. There are two related but consequentially distinct theories for changes to precipitation that have received some consensus: (1) the time-and-space integrated global total precipitation should increase with longwave cooling as the surface warms, (2) the most intense precipitation rates should increase at a faster rate related to the increase in vapor saturation. Herein, these two expectations are combined with an analytic integration of three conceptually independent properties of the tropical hydrological cycle, the intensity, probability, and frequency of precipitation. The total precipitation in both a cloud-resolving model and tropical Global Precipitation Measurement mission data is decomposed and reconstructed with the analytic integral. By applying (1) and (2) to the precipitation characteristics from the model and observations to form a warming proxy model, it is suggested that a wide range of future distributions of precipitation intensity, probability, and frequency are possible.
Hydration lubrication of polyzwitterionic brushes leads to nearly friction- and adhesion-free droplet motion
Authors: Daniel Dan , Chia Alfred Yu Ting , Moh Lionel Chuan Hui , Liu Rongrong , Koh Xue Qi , Zhang Xing , Tomczak Nikodem 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecently, there has been much progress in the design and application of oil-repellent superoleophobic surfaces. Polyzwitterionic brush surfaces are of particular interest, because of their ability to repel oil under water, even in the absence of micro-/nanostructures. The origin of this underwater superoleophobicity is attributed to the presence of a stable water film beneath the oil droplet, but this had not been demonstrated experimentally. Here, using optical interferometric techniques, we show that an oil droplet effectively hydroplanes over a water film, whose thickness is between one hundred and hundreds of nanometres. In addition, using a custom-built droplet force apparatus, we find the friction and adhesion forces to be in the nN range for millimetric-sized droplets. These forces are much lower than for other classes of well-known liquid-repellent surfaces, including the lotus-leaf effect and lubricant-infused surfaces, where the typical force is on the order of μN.
Genetik der Körperhöhe
Authors: Hermanussen Michael , Scheffler Christiane , Bogin Barry 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Noch immer gründen heutige Analysen genetischer Zwillings- und
Familienstudien auf mathematischen Ansätzen des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts,
namentlich von Galton, Pearson und Fisher, und führen zu konventionellen
Schätzwerten für die Heritabilität der Körperhöhe zwischen h² = 0,87 und h² =
0,93 bei Männern und zwischen h² = 0,68 und h² = 0,84 bei Frauen. Diese Werte
sind wesentlich höher als moderne Schätzungen auf der Basis genomweiter
Assoziationsstudien (GWAS), mit denen sich zwischen 12,3 % und 49 % der
Körperhöhenvarianz im Erwachsenenalter erklären lassen. Diese so genannte
„missing heritability“ gibt Anlass zu Missverständnissen.
Diskussion Wir nehmen eine biokulturelle Perspektive ein, um
Entwicklungsmerkmale zu verstehen, die nur auf den ersten Blick erblich
erscheinen. Innerhalb sozialer Gruppen dient Körpergröße als Signal. Kompetitive
Wachstumsstrategien (competitive growth strategies) und strategische
Wachstumsanpassungen (strategic growth adjustments) insbesondere im Hinblick auf
die Gefahr, aus einer führenden sozialen Rolle verdrängt zu werden (threat of
being displaced) sind bei sozialen Säugern beschrieben und spielen sehr
wahrscheinlich auch in menschlichen Sozialstrukturen eine wesentliche Rolle. Die
Körperhöhe eines Menschen hängt von der Körperhöhe anderer Mitglieder seiner
Peer Group ab. Im vergangenen Jahrhundert wurden Körperhöhentrends von bis zu 20
cm in manchen Populationen beobachtet (säkulare Trends). Dies ist Ausdruck von
phänotypischer Plastizität und war Galton, Pearson und Fisher unbekannt.
Schlussfolgerung Die beschriebene „missing heritability“ für Körperhöhe
spiegelt die Diskrepanz zwischen moderner Wissenschaft und überholten
Vermengungen von deterministischen und politischen Ideen des frühen 20.
Jahrhunderts wider.
Potential energy landscape activations governing plastic flows in glass rheology
Authors: Cao Penghui , Short Michael P. , Yip Sidney 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Glassy materials exhibit striking rheological behavior in response to varying external stimuli such as strain rate. Understanding the microscopic processes governing the nature of nonlinear flow is of longstanding interest in the glass community. Here, atomistic simulations of a model metallic glass over an extraordinarily wide range of strain rate reveal distinct local rearrangements both in time and in space, underlying liquid-like and solid-like mechanical responses mediated by strain rate. The spatial and temporal evolution of local strain and single-particle displacement is interpreted in terms of coupled stress activation and thermal hopping on a fractal potential energy landscape. Our results on nonlinear rheology, avalanches, and atomic rearrangements shed light on the commonalities of plastic flows in glass systems.
Seawater-buffered diagenesis, destruction of carbon isotope excursions, and the composition of DIC in Neoproterozoic oceans
Authors: Hoffman Paul F. , Lamothe Kelsey G. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Carbonate sediments of Neoproterozoic age exhibit large secular excursions of carbon isotope composition outside the range of modern seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), but their origins are controversial. We show that in a Neoproterozoic carbonate platform in Namibia, such excursions disappear on the flanks of the platform, where compositions are more compatible with modern seawater. We attribute the observed spatial variation to early fluid-buffered alteration on the flanks of the platform, where seawater invaded the sediment in response to geothermal porewater convection. Accordingly, the isotope excursions in the platform interior are decoupled from open-ocean DIC, which remained close to the modern range. Our interpretation is testable and, if confirmed, has important ramifications for the origins of ancient carbon isotope excursions.
Altérité et français contemporain des cités en contexte espagnol
Authors: Duchêne Nadia 
Published: September 2019

Résumé
Le roman de Faïza Guène, Les gens du Balto, nous plonge dans un texte émaillé d’argot, de verlan,
de structures propres à l’oral, d’expressions métaphoriques, parfois aussi de termes étrangers. Les personnages s’expriment dans
une langue éloignée des normes de l’écrit. Une forme d’écriture digne du documentaire avec ses voix propres, une langue hybride
qui relève d’un sociolecte reproduisant le parler de la banlieue parisienne. Ce choix stylistique constitue un véritable défi pour
le traducteur. Après avoir présenté brièvement l’auteure et le roman, nous analyserons les spécificités linguistiques du récit à
partir d’un corpus représentatif pour ensuite examiner les stratégies adoptées par la traductrice.
Towards equal sharing of care? Judicial implementation of EU equal employment and work–life balance policies in Spain
Authors: La Barbera Mariacaterina , Lombardo Emanuela 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTDiscursive factors have not figured prominently in implementation research. This article fills this gap by addressing the material and discursive conflicts articulated around equality at workplace between women and men in multilevel judicial contexts. It studies obstacles to and opportunities for the judicial implementation of EU equal employment policies in Spain by analyzing two cases of parental rights to childcare litigated before Spanish and supranational courts, namely the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. The claimants are working parents who litigate for the recognition of their right to provide childcare. In judicial implementation multiple meanings about women, gender and intersectionality can be articulated and counteracted at different levels. Frame analysis of selected judicial documents and content analysis of legal proceedings and interviews show that simultaneous favorable institutions, framing, and actors are needed for implementing EU equal employment policies in a way that allows overcoming the gendered division of care and paid work. Distinguishing among ‘women’, ‘gender’ and ‘intersectionality’ approaches, we assess the extent to which the result of judicial implementation is the transformation of gender roles towards equal sharing of care.
Assessing model-dielectric-dependent hybrid functionals on the antiferromagnetic transition-metal monoxides MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO
Authors: Liu Peitao , Franchini Cesare , Marsman Martijn , Kresse Georg 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Recently, two nonempirical hybrid functionals, dielectric-dependent range-separated hybrid functional based on the Coulomb-attenuating method (DD-RSH-CAM) and doubly screened hybrid functional (DSH), have been suggested by Chen et al (2018 Phys. Rev. Mater. 2 073803) and Cui et al (2018 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9 2338), respectively. These two hybrid functionals are both based on a common model dielectric function approach, but differ in the way how to non-empirically obtain the range-separation parameter. By retaining the full short-range Fock exchange and a fraction of the long-range Fock exchange that equals the inverse of the dielectric constant, both DD-RSH-CAM and DSH turn out to perform very well in predicting the band gaps for a large variety of semiconductors and insulators. Here, we assess how these two hybrid functionals perform on challenging antiferromagnetic transition-metal monoxides MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO by comparing them to other conventional hybrid functionals and the GW method. We find that single-shot DD0-RSH-CAM and DSH0 improve the band gaps towards experiments as compared to conventional hybrid functionals. The magnetic moments are slightly increased, but the predicted dielectric constants are decreased. The valence band density of states (DOS) predicted by DD0-RSH-CAM and DSH0 are as satisfactory as HSE03 in comparison to experimental spectra, however, the conduction band DOS are shifted to higher energies by about 2 eV compared to HSE03. Self-consistent DD-RSH-CAM and DSH deteriorate the results with a significant overestimation of band gaps.
Integration of an isotropic microprobe and a microenvironment into a conventional CMM
Authors: Metz D , Jantzen S , Wessel D , Mies G , Lüdenbach J , Stein M , Kniel K , Dietzel A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the experimental verification of the novel IMT-PTB microprobe combined with a uniquely designed microenvironment. The microprobe consists of three silicon-based parallelograms stacked orthogonally, which leads to high isotropy. The probe tip deflections are detected in 3D with the help of piezoresistors placed in the parallelograms. The microenvironment facilitates and improves the measurement of workpieces with sub-millimeter features. The new microprobe and the microenvironment were integrated into a commercial coordinate measuring machine (CMM). To evaluate the microprobe performance, PTB produced and calibrated three reference objects: a cube, a sphere, and a microgear measurement standard. The differences between the calibration values and the measurement results obtained by the microprobe were in the sub-micrometer range. Furthermore, the microprobe was compared with the standard probing system of the gear measuring machine by measuring the reference objects with identical parameters. The results show the excellent performance of the micro probing system, thereby extending the capability of the CMM for high-precision measurements of complex workpieces at the microscale.
Intentional and unintentional channeling during implantation of 51V ions into 4H-SiC
Authors: Linnarsson M K , Hallén A , Vines L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Ion implantation is a commonly used process step in 4H-SiC device manufacturing to implement precise concentrations of dopant atoms in selected areas and depths. This paper reports on vanadium (V) implantation into 4H-SiC(0001) and how the crystal lattice, with preferential directions, channels, for the ions, will influence the final dopant distribution. Concentration versus depth profiles of V-ions, intentionally and unintentionally channelled, has been recorded by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Ion implantations have been performed between 50 and 300 keV at various impact angles and fluence at room temperature as well as at elevated temperatures. Before ion implantation, the samples were aligned utilizing the blocking pattern of 100 keV backscattered protons. In addition to the aligned implantations, our standard beam line for ion implantation has been used for implantations in a ‘random’ direction using the wafer miscut angle of 4°. The electronic stopping has been determined from these ‘random’ cases and the values have been used in 3D simulations to predict preferential crystallographic directions using SIIMPL, a Monte Carlo simulation code based on the binary collision approximation. The results show that, independent of the used impact angle there is always a probability that the vanadium ions will be steered into the [000-1] and the family of 〈11-2-3〉 crystal directions and therefore penetrate deep into the sample, resulting in unwanted ‘spikes’. If the implantation is performed at elevated temperatures, a larger degree of dechanneling is present due to increased thermal vibrations and the penetration depth of vanadium is slightly reduced.
Optimal timescale for community detection in growing networks
Authors: Medo Matúš , Zeng An , Zhang Yi-Cheng , Mariani Manuel S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Time-stamped data are increasingly available for many social, economic, and information systems that can be represented as networks growing with time. The World Wide Web, social contact networks, and citation networks of scientific papers and online news articles, for example, are of this kind. Static methods can be inadequate for the analysis of growing networks as they miss essential information on the system’s dynamics. At the same time, time-aware methods require the choice of an observation timescale, yet we lack principled ways to determine it. We focus on the popular community detection problem which aims to partition a network’s nodes into meaningful groups. We use a multi-layer quality function to show, on both synthetic and real datasets, that the observation timescale that leads to optimal communities is tightly related to the system’s intrinsic aging timescale that can be inferred from the time-stamped network data. The use of temporal information leads to drastically different conclusions on the community structure of real information networks, which challenges the current understanding of the large-scale organization of growing networks. Our findings indicate that before attempting to assess structural patterns of evolving networks, it is vital to uncover the timescales of the dynamical processes that generated them.