bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Task Engagement and the Vigilance Decrement Revisited: Expanding Upon the Work of Joel S. Warm Using a Semantic Vigilance Paradigm
Authors: Neigel Alexis R. , Dever Daryn A. , Claypoole Victoria L. , Szalma James L. 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The goal of the present study is twofold: (1) demonstrate the importance of measuring and understanding the relationship between task engagement and vigilance performance, and (2) celebrate the work of Joel S. Warm and expand upon his previous research in two semantic vigilance paradigms. Background: The importance of measuring task engagement in cognitive and sensory vigilance tasks has been well documented. But to date, our understanding of the effects of task engagement on semantic vigilance performance is limited. Method: Seventy-three participants completed either a standard semantic vigilance task or a lure semantic vigilance task. Participants also completed subjective measures of workload and stress. Results: The results indicated that changes in task engagement are associated with correct detection performance. Changes in task engagement may be related to individual differences in the distress associated with performing semantic vigilance tasks. Conclusion: In line with the work of Warm and his colleagues (Dember, Warm, Bowers, & Lanzetta, 1984), participants who reported increased task engagement after the vigil outperformed their peers who noted decreased task engagement upon conclusion of the task. Participants reporting increases in engagement with the semantic vigilance tasks also reported significantly greater distress pretask, but not posttask. Instead, increases in postvigil distress were driven by the task to which participants were assigned, not task engagement. Application: The present study has several implications for applied settings that involve long duration semantic processing or semantic target identification. Such real-world tasks include aviation, cyber threat detection and analysis, driving, and reading.
Fabric movement and washing performance in a front-loading washer with a built-in pulsator
Authors: Kim Hyewon , Yun Changsang , Park Chung Hee 
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the change of fabric movement by introducing a pulsator in a front-loading washer. To examine the effect of the changed fabric movements on washing performance, detergency, mechanical action, wrinkling, tangling, and tensile strength were also investigated. Three-dimensional fabric movement was analyzed by representing the fabric center in the washer as XYZ coordinate values. Seven indexes of fabric movement were used to analyze the correlation between fabric movement and detergency. On comparing fabric movements using the indexes, the front-loading washer with a built-in pulsator showed more diverse fabric movements than the conventional washer and, in particular, movement in the depth direction of the drum occurred more frequently in the newly developed system. This led to 7.6% higher detergency compared to the conventional one, possibly due to the increased interaction between fabrics. Regression analysis verified that the diversified fabric movements induced by the pulsator in the front-loading washer resulted in the improvement of detergency. The different fabric movements in the newly developed system also affected fabric damage, tangling and wrinkling.
The left brachiocephalic vein ‘spur’: A cadaveric and contrast computed tomography study
Authors: Mitsuoka Hiroki , Naito Munekazu , Ohmichi Yusuke , Hagihara Makiyo , Umemoto Kanae , Sugimoto Ikuo , Nakano Takashi , Ishibashi Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2019

Objectives This study investigated the presence of the ‘spur’ which separates the lumen in the left brachiocephalic vein (LBV). Method We macroscopically observed the lumen of the bilateral brachiocephalic veins and the superior vena cava in 56 cadavers. The samples were treated with haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunostaining using an α-smooth muscle action antibody. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography images from 170 subjects were analysed. Results The septal structure was found in only 7% of LBVs included in the cadaveric study and 1.2% of LBVs included in the contrast-enhanced computed tomography image analysis. In the cadaveric study, the septal structure was identified as a ‘spur’ using histopathology. In both studies, a non-septal structure was found in the right brachiocephalic vein. Conclusions This is the first report indicating the existence of an LBV ‘spur’.
Computed tomographic characteristics of gastric schwannoma
Authors: Wang Wei , Cao Kaiming , Han Yang , Zhu Xiaoli , Ding Jianhui , Peng Weijun 
Published: March 2019

Objective This study aimed to characterize the computed tomographic (CT) features of gastric schwannoma (GS). Methods We retrospectively reviewed CT images of 19 cases of histologically proven GS between January 2010 and December 2015. Tumor location, size, contour, margin, growth pattern, and degree and pattern of enhancement, perigastric lymph nodes, ulceration, necrosis, and calcification were evaluated. Results GS was located in the gastric body (73.7%), gastric antrum (15.8%), and gastric fundus (10.5%), with a mean maximum diameter of 4.5 ± 1.8 cm. All tumors presented as oval, well-defined solid masses, with exophytic (36.8%), endoluminal (15.8%), or mixed (47.4%) growth patterns. Ulcers (57.9%) and perigastric lymph nodes (47.4%) were observed. Moderate enhancement (87.5%) was observed in the portal phase. Eighteen (94.7%) cases showed homogeneous enhancement. Conclusions GS typically presents as a mass in the stomach with an exophytic or mixed growth pattern, moderate homogeneous enhancement, and is prone to be accompanied by perigastric lymph node inflammatory reactive swelling. Larger GSs are more likely to be associated with ulcers.
Association of serum cystatin C levels with acute coronary syndrome in patients of advanced age
Authors: Huang Qingyu , Shen Wei , Li Jian , Luo Xinping , Shi Haiming , Yan Pingping , Zhang Jinjin 
Published: March 2019

Objective This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the serum cystatin C (Cys C) level and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients of advanced age. Methods The study included 184 patients with ACS and 46 healthy control subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 14.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results The serum Cys C level was significantly higher in patients with than without ACS (1.24 ± 0.30 vs. 1.42 ± 0.46 mg/L, respectively). Patients with more stenotic coronary arteries were significantly more likely to have higher median serum Cys C and creatinine levels and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the serum Cys C level was independently associated with the presence of ACS and the quantity of stenotic coronary arteries after adjustment for confounding factors. Additionally, the serum Cys C level was positively correlated with age, the creatinine level, and the N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level in all patients but was negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusion A high serum Cys C level was independently associated with ACS and the quantity of stenotic coronary arteries in patients of advanced age regardless of renal function.
Outcomes following mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide induction treatment for proliferative juvenile-onset lupus nephritis
Authors: Smith EMD , Al-Abadi E , Armon K , Bailey K , Ciurtin C , Davidson J , Gardner-Medwin J , Haslam K , Hawley D , Leahy A , Leone V , McErlane F , Mewar D , Modgil G , Moots R , Pilkington C , Ramanan A , Rangaraj S , Riley P , Sridhar A , Wilkinson N , Beresford M W , Hedrich C M 
Published: March 2019

Background Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is more severe than adult-onset disease, including more lupus nephritis (LN). Despite differences in phenotype/pathogenesis, treatment is based upon adult trials. This study aimed to compare treatment response, damage accrual, time to inactive LN and subsequent flare, in JSLE LN patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) versus intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCYC). Methods UK JSLE Cohort Study participants, ≤16 years at diagnosis, with ≥4 American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE, with class III or IV LN, were eligible. Mann–Whitney U tests, Fisher's exact test and Chi-squared tests were utilized for statistical analysis. Results Of the patients, 34/51 (67%) received MMF, and 17/51 (33%) received IVCYC. No significant differences were identified at 4–8 and 10–14 months post-renal biopsy and last follow-up, in terms of renal British Isles Lupus Assessment Grade scores, urine albumin/creatinine ratio, serum creatinine, ESR, anti-dsDNA antibody, C3 levels and patient/physician global scores. Standardized Damage Index scores did not differ between groups at 13 months or at last follow-up. Inactive LN was attained 262 (141–390) days after MMF treatment, and 151 (117–305) days following IVCYC ( p = 0.17). Time to renal flare was 451 (157–1266) days for MMF, and 343 (198–635) days for IVCYC ( p = 0.47). Conclusion This is the largest study to date investigating induction treatments for proliferative LN in children, demonstrating comparability of MMF and IVCYC.
Cornea guttata associated with special phenotypic variants of granular corneal dystrophy type 2 in a Chinese family
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Chang , He Jingliang , Kang Yanwei , Wang Feng , Li Shaowei 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the relevant gene mutations in a Chinese family with special phenotypic variants of granular corneal dystrophy type 2 with cornea guttata. Methods: A total of 11 individuals from the affected family underwent complete ophthalmic examination. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes of affected and unaffected family members. High-throughput sequencing was performed to screen for mutations in 290 genes associated with inherited ophthalmic diseases. Results were validated by bidirectional Sanger sequencing. Results: An Arg124His (R124H) mutation of the transforming growth factor beta-induced gene was identified in three members of the affected family: the proband (II-1), his mother (I-2), and his son (III-1). The eyes of the proband and his mother had bilateral superficial whitish ring patches with clear centers occupying their central corneas and appeared to be discoid or ring shaped. In addition, specular microscopic examination showed the presence of dark, round bodies. In vivo confocal microscopy showed some hyporeflective round images (cornea guttata), containing occasionally central highlight, in the proband, his mother, and one of his elder sisters. Conclusion: We report, for the first time, atypical granular corneal dystrophy type 2 with cornea guttata associated with a single R124H mutation in a Chinese family. Our findings emphasize that genotyping is essential for the accurate diagnosis and classification of granular corneal dystrophy type 2.
Trans-scleral posterior capsulorhexis in combined lens extraction and silicone oil removal
Authors: Soliman Wael , Mohamed Tarek A , Abdelazeem Khaled , Sharaf Mohamed 
Published: March 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to study the safety and efficacy of posterior capsulorhexis in vitrectomized eyes undergoing combined phacoemulsification or irrigation/aspiration and silicone oil removal. Methods: This prospective non-randomized interventional study involved 115 silicone-filled eyes of 115 previously vitrectomized patients. All patients underwent combined phacoemulsification or underwent irrigation/aspiration and silicone oil removal, followed by foldable intraocular lens implantation combined with primary posterior trans-scleral capsulorhexis. A 23-gauge trans-scleral vitrectomy probe was used to form the posterior capsulorhexis (vitrectorhexis). Patients were followed for 6 months. Results: Intraocular lenses maintained good centration in the capsular bag during and after trans-scleral posterior capsulorhexis. No complications were observed in the postoperative period regarding lens centration or size of the posterior capsulorhexis. No included eyes needed YAG laser posterior capsulotomy and no recurrent retinal detachment was reported during follow-up. Conclusion: Performing primary trans-scleral capsulorhexis in patients undergoing combined phacoemulsification, or irrigation/aspiration and silicone oil removal, enabled achievement of an early postoperative clear visual axis and prevented the onset of dense postoperative posterior capsular opacification in previously silicone-filled eyes. This technique is reproducible and may facilitate additional intra-operative procedures and uncomplicated postoperative follow-up of retinal detachment patients without requiring YAG laser capsulotomy.
Identification of Urinary CD44 and Prosaposin as Specific Biomarkers of Urinary Tract Infections in Children With Neurogenic Bladders
Authors: Forster Catherine S , Haffey Wendy D , Bennett Michael , Greis Kenneth D , Devarajan Prasad 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: Distinguishing urinary tract infection (UTI) from urinary tract colonization (UTC) in children with neurogenic bladders who require clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is challenging. Our objective was to identify urinary proteins to distinguish UTI from UTC in CIC-dependent children that have potential to serve as objective markers of UTI. Experimental design: A total of 10 CIC-dependent children were included in the mass spectrometry analysis (UTI = 5, UTC = 5). Quantitative profiling of urine proteins with isobaric protein labeling was performed using tandem mass spectrometry. Candidate markers were normalized using a collective mixture of proteins from all samples. Relative quantitative abundance of proteins across all samples were compared. Proteins with >50% change in the average abundance were identified as proteins of interest, which were then measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an additional 40 samples (no growth = 10, UTC = 15, UTI = 15). Results: Mass spectrometry revealed 8 differentially expressed proteins. Of these, apolipoprotein D, alpha-amylase 2B, non-secretory ribonuclease, CD44 antigen, and prosaposin were measurable by ELISA. Concentrations of both CD44 and prosaposin were significantly higher in UTI, with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.72 and 0.78, respectively. Conclusion: Urinary CD44 and prosaposin are candidate markers that may assist with the diagnosis of UTI in CIC-dependent children.
Associations Between Organizational Culture, Workplace Health Climate, and Employee Smoking at Smaller Workplaces
Authors: Kava Christine M , Parker Edith A , Baquero Barbara , Curry Susan J , Gilbert Paul A , Sauder Michael , Sewell Daniel K 
Published: March 2019

Background: Smaller workplaces frequently employ low-wage earners, who have higher smoking rates. Organizational culture and workplace health climate are two characteristics that could influence employee smoking. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between organizational culture, workplace health climate, and smoking among employees at small (20-99 employees) and very small (<20 employees) workplaces. We proposed the following hypotheses: a stronger clan culture will be associated with a better workplace health climate (HP1); a better workplace health climate will be associated with lower odds of current smoking (HP2); and there will be an association between workplace health climate and smoking intensity (HP3) and between workplace health climate and quit intention (HP4). Methods: Executives and employees completed separate online questionnaires. Data collection occurred between June and October 2017. We used regression and Fisher’s exact tests to answer study hypotheses. Results: Workplaces with stronger clan cultures had a better workplace health climate (b = 0.27, P < .05), providing support for HP1. A better workplace health climate was associated with lower odds of being a current smoker (odds ratio [OR] = 0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01, 0.53), providing support for HP2. No significant relationship existed between workplace health climate and smoking intensity ( P = .50) or between workplace health climate and intention to quit smoking ( P = .32); therefore, HP3 and HP4 were not supported. Conclusion: Certain culture types may inform an organization’s health climate. Despite a lower likelihood of current smoking in workplaces with better health climates, a better health climate may not be sufficient to produce changes in smoking behavior and intentions.
Cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: A case-control study nested within a cohort
Authors: Loades Maria Elizabeth , Rimes Katharine , Lievesley Kate , Ali Sheila , Chalder Trudie 
Published: March 2019

Background:What adolescents think about symptoms and what they do in response could contribute to fatigue maintenance. We compared the cognitive and behavioural responses of adolescents and their parents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS; N = 121) and asthma ( N = 27) and explored the predictive value of these variables on fatigue and functioning in CFS.Method:Consecutively referred adolescents with CFS were recruited. Questionnaires, completed by adolescents and parents, assessed fatigue, functioning, mood and cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms. Age-matched adolescents with asthma completed the same questionnaires. Adolescents with CFS completed questionnaires again approximately 3 months later.Results:Adolescents with CFS scored higher on all unhelpful cognitive and behavioural subscales than adolescents with asthma. Parents’ cognitions about their child’s symptoms were associated with adolescent’s own cognitions. Unhelpful cognitive and behavioural responses, particularly, damage beliefs, predicted subsequent fatigue in CFS, and all-or-nothing behaviour, catastrophising and damage beliefs predicted subsequent physical functioning.Conclusion:Unhelpful cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms appear to be particularly prominent in adolescents with CFS. There is some consistency but not a perfect match between cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms reported by adolescents and their parents. These responses could be contributing to fatigue maintenance and disability.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the gut microbiome: Are bacteria responsible for fatty liver?
Authors: Dong Tien S , Jacobs Jonathan P 
Published: March 2019

Over the last several years, a growing body of literature has linked the gut microbiome to human health and diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This paper will review the current literature investigating the influence of diets associated with metabolic disorders on the microbiome and how those changes promote susceptibility to metabolic disorders. It will then focus in-depth on the role of the gut microbiome in NAFLD. The review will highlight associations of microbial composition and function with progression of NAFLD in patients and discuss potential mechanisms that link the gut microbiome to NAFLD. Finally, it will address limitations of existing studies along with future directions for microbiome research in NAFLD, including potential microbe-related treatments.Impact statementThis invited minireview for the upcoming thematic issue on the microbiome addresses the role of the microbiome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The incidence of NAFLD has increased greatly in recent years in parallel with the rise in obesity and is now believed to have a population prevalence of 20–40%. It is anticipated to soon become the primary cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, and unfortunately, there are few treatment options. Therefore, there is a critical need for improved understanding of NAFLD pathophysiology to provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention. In this paper, we have reviewed evidence from human and animal model studies that have associated microbiome composition and microbial metabolites with development and progression of NAFLD. We have also discussed proposed mechanisms by which the microbiome could contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis and addressed future directions for this field.
Outcomes after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm involving the renovisceral arteries: A multi-center follow-up study
Authors: Stackelberg Otto , Lindström David , Mani Kevin , Lundberg Göran , Linné Anneli , Delle Martin , Berger Martin , Wanhainen Anders , Gillgren Peter 
Published: March 2019

Objectives To evaluate outcomes after endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) involving the renovisceral arteries and to compare outcomes after fenestrated/branched endovascular aortic repair (f/b-EVAR), chimney/periscope EVAR (ch-EVAR), and bailout ch-EVAR. Methods A retrospective multicenter study including all patients with AAA involving the renovisceral segment, treated with f/b-EVAR, ch-EVAR, or bailout ch-EVAR, between 1 January 2005 and 30 June 2015, in three Swedish vascular centers. Patient charts were reviewed for data. Renovisceral stent graft patency was assessed on follow-up CT. Mortality was cross-checked against the Swedish Population Registry. Bailout ch-EVAR was defined as a perioperative decision of renovisceral endografting, as the artery was accidentally covered, or as the aneurysm neck sealing zone was considered inadequate. Results Of the 99 identified patients (76 men; mean age 74 years (range 58–89 years)), 68 underwent f/b-EVAR, 18 ch-EVAR, and 13 bailout ch-EVAR. Follow-up lasted for a median of 3.2 years (Q1, Q3 (2.1, 4.7 years)). Elective surgery comprised 87.9% ( n = 87) of the cases. Six patients died within 30 days, and the 30-day mortality after elective surgery was 4.6% (95% CI, 1.3%–11.4%) overall, 1.6% after f/b-EVAR (95% CI, 0.0%–11.4%), 15.4% after ch-EVAR (95% CI, 1.9%–45.4%), and 10.0% (95% CI, 0.3%–44.5%) after bailout ch-EVAR. During follow-up, there were 16 secondary interventions, of which 75% ( n = 12) were performed within six months after the primary intervention. Compared with f/b-EVAR, ch-EVAR was associated with a higher degree of type 1 endoleaks (1.5% vs. 22.2%, P = 0.001) and re-interventions during follow-up (13.2% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.046). The overall assisted target vessel patency was 96.1% (95% CI, 91.7%–98.6%) at one year and 95.2% (95% CI, 89.2%–98.4%) at two years. Conclusions Results after EVAR involving endografting of renovisceral arteries from three centers in Sweden with medium volumes are consistent with results previously reported from centers with larger volumes.