bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The presence of a cryptic barrier in the West Pacific Ocean suggests the effect of glacial climate changes on a widespread sea‐dispersed plant, Vigna marina (Fabaceae)
Authors: Yamamoto Takashi , Tsuda Yoshiaki , Takayama Koji , Nagashima Reiko , Tateishi Yoichi , Kajita Tadashi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOcean currents are an important driver of evolution for sea‐dispersed plants, enabling them to maintain reciprocal gene flow via sea‐dispersed diaspores and obtain wide distribution ranges. Although geographic barriers are known to be the primary factors shaping present genetic structure of sea‐dispersed plants, cryptic barriers which form clear genetic structure within oceanic regions are poorly understood. To test the presence of a cryptic barrier, we conducted a phylogeographic study together with past demographic inference for a widespread sea‐dispersed plant, Vigna marina, using 308 individuals collected from the entire Indo‐West Pacific (IWP) region. Chloroplast DNA variation showed strong genetic structure that separated populations into three groups: North Pacific (NP), South Pacific (SP) and Indian Ocean (IN) (F′CT among groups = 0.954–1.000). According to the Approximate Bayesian computation inference, splitting time between NP and SP was approximately 20,200 years (95%HPD, 4,530–95,400) before present. Moreover, a signal of recent population expansion was detected in the NP group. This study clearly showed the presence of a cryptic barrier in the West Pacific region of the distributional range of V. marina. The locations of the cryptic barrier observed in V. marina corresponded to the genetic breaks found in other plants, suggesting the presence of a common cryptic barrier for sea‐dispersed plants. Demographic inference suggested that genetic structure related to this cryptic barrier has been present since the last glacial maximum and may reflect patterns of past population expansion from refugia.
Does past evolutionary history under different mating regimes influence the demographic dynamics of interspecific competition?
Authors: Kyogoku Daisuke , Kondoh Michio , Sota Teiji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInterspecific interactions are contingent upon organism phenotypes, and thus phenotypic evolution can modify interspecific interactions and affect ecological dynamics. Recent studies have suggested that male–male competition within a species selects for capability to reproductively interfere with a closely related species. Here, we examine the effect of past evolutionary history under different mating regimes on the demographic dynamics of interspecific competition in Callosobruchus seed beetles. We used previously established experimental evolution lines of Callosobruchus chinensis that evolved under either forced lifelong monogamy or polygamy for 17 generations, and examined the demographic dynamics of competition between these C. chinensis lines and a congener, Callosobruchus maculatus. Callosobruchus chinensis was competitively excluded by C. maculatus in all trials. Time series data analyses suggested that reproductive interference from C. chinensis was relatively more important in the trials involving polygamous C. chinensis than those involving monogamous C. chinensis, in accordance with the potentially higher reproductive interference capability of polygamous C. chinensis. However, the estimated signs and magnitudes of interspecific interactions were not fully consistent with this explanation, implying the evolution of not only reproductive interference but also other interaction mechanisms. Our study thus suggests multifaceted effects of sexually selected traits on interspecific competitive dynamics.
A native parasitic plant and soil microorganisms facilitate a native plant co‐occurrence with an invasive plant
Authors: Li Junmin , Oduor Ayub M. O. , Yu Feihai , Dong Ming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInvasive plants often interact with antagonists that include native parasitic plants and pathogenic soil microbes, which may reduce fitness of the invaders. However, to date, most of the studies on the ecological consequences of antagonistic interactions between invasive plants and the resident biota focused only on pairwise interactions. A full understanding of invasion dynamics requires studies that test the effects of multiple antagonists on fitness of invasive plants and co‐occurring native plants. Here, we used an invasive plant Mikania micrantha, a co‐occurring native plant Coix lacryma‐jobi, and a native holoparasitic plant Cuscuta campestris to test whether parasitism on M. micrantha interacts with soil fungi and bacteria to reduce fitness of the invader and promote growth of the co‐occurring native plant. In a factorial setup, M. micrantha and C. lacryma‐jobi were grown together in pots in the presence versus absence of parasitism on M. micrantha by C. campestris and in the presence versus absence of full complements of soil bacteria and fungi. Fungicide and bactericide were used to suppress soil fungi and bacteria, respectively. Findings show that heavy parasitism by C. campestris caused the greatest reduction in M. micrantha biomass when soil fungi and bacteria were suppressed. In contrast, the co‐occurring native plant C. lacryma‐jobi experienced the greatest increase in biomass when grown with heavily parasitized M. micrantha and in the presence of a full complement of soil fungi and bacteria. Taken together, our results suggest that selective parasitism on susceptible invasive plants by native parasitic plants and soil microorganisms may diminish competitive ability of invasive plants and facilitate native plant coexistence with invasive plants.
A Feasible Industrialized Process for Producing High Purity Diacylglycerols with No Contaminants
Authors: Li Daoming , Qin Xiaoli , Sun Baoguo , Wang Weifei , Wang Yonghua 
Published: July 2019

Industrial production of high purity diacylglycerols (DAGs) is still a challenge around the world because of contaminant formation during DAG production, such as glycidyl esters (GEs), 3‐chloro‐1,2‐propanediol esters (3‐MCPDEs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs). This study develops a feasible industrialized process for producing high purity DAGs with no contaminants by combining enzymatic esterification, three‐stage molecular distillation, bleaching, and stream stripping deodorization. After immobilized SMG1‐F278N‐catalyzed esterification in a packed bed reactor at 30 °C, the product contains 50.87% DAGs, 32.82% monoacylglycerols (MAGs), and 16.31% FAs. The resultant DAGs are subsequently purified by a three‐stage molecular distillation at 150, 160, and 160 °C, respectively, followed by bleaching under vacuum (2 kPa) at 65 °C and deodorization under vacuum (100 Pa) at 160 °C. Contaminants containing GEs, 3‐MCPDEs, and TFAs are undetectable throughout the whole process of DAG preparation. The final DAG product contains 99.74% DAGs and shows good quality indices (peroxide value of 2.05 mmol kg−1 and undetectable acid value). Overall, this study proposes a new industrial strategy for the production of DAGs with high purity and quality, which may promote the re‐commercialization of DAGs in the near future.Practical Applications: DAGs were widely sold in Japan and America as healthy cooking oils owing to their health promoting properties, however, sales of DAGs were stopped after the detection of the potential carcinogen of GEs seriously exceeded the allowed value in DAGs. This study proposes a feasible industrialized process for producing high purity and quality DAGs with no contaminants including GEs, 3‐MCPDEs, and TFAs. The immobilized SMG1‐F278N that fills in packed bed reactor for DAG production can be used for at least a half year without significant loss in its esterification activity, indicating that the proposed process is an economical process. Overall, the proposed economical strategy may shed light for future production of edible, available, and safe DAGs.A feasible industrialized process for producing high purity diacylglycerols (DAGs) with no contaminants is proposed. Overall, the proposed economical strategy may shed light for future production of edible, available, and safe DAGs.
Fat Matters for Bugs: How Lipids and Lipid Modifications Make the Difference in Bacterial Life
Authors: Sperandeo Paola , Polissi Alessandra , De Fabiani Emma 
Published: July 2019

Lipids are building blocks of biological membranes in the three domains of life and are endowed with several important biological functions. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a peculiar glycolipid that represents the hallmark of the cell envelope of Gram‐negative bacteria, a group comprising several important human pathogens. The presence of LPS in the outer membrane (OM) of Gram‐negative bacteria correlates not only with the intrinsic resistance of this group of bacteria toward several antibiotics currently in use, but also with the worrisome increase in antibiotic resistance that is depleting the arsenal of efficacious molecules to cure bacterial infections. LPS consists of a conserved internal moiety decorated by a more variable distal unit. Several modifications occur at the canonical LPS structure during bacterial infection which are exploited by the microorganism to co‐evolve with the host thus evading its immune system. This viewpoint article discusses the current knowledge on LPS biogenesis and modification systems and their consequences on recognition by immune cells and antimicrobial resistance. It also discusses how knowledge on LPS biogenesis can be exploited to develop molecules able to dismantle the Gram‐negative protective barrier and to interfere with the interaction with the mammalian host.Practical Applications: Antibiotic resistance is a major threat for human health leading to inefficacy of many antibiotics to treat infectious diseases. Resistance to antibiotics causes around 25 000 deaths per year in the European Union alone and 700 000 deaths per year globally. This results in an increase of 1.5 billion euros per year in healthcare costs and productivity losses for illness. Gram‐negative bacteria are intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics, due to their LPS‐coated cell surface that protects them from the environment. LPS is sensed by the host immune system as a signal of bacterial infection, moreover bacteria exploit the complexity of LPS modifications to modulate the host immune response and eventually escape it. A deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying LPS biogenesis, including the physico‐chemical and biological consequences of its lipid modifications, will be instrumental to develop novel antibiotic treatments aimed at dismantling the Gram‐negative bacteria barrier and restoring drug sensitivity.The hallmark of Gram‐negative bacteria is the presence of an asymmetric outer membrane (OM) surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane (inner membrane, IM), whose outer leaflet is made by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A layer of peptidoglycan (PG) is sandwiched in between. LPS endows the bacteria with increased resistance to many antibiotics and is the first line of interaction with the host cell immune system. Chemical modifications of the canonical LPS structure determine different stimulatory effects of the immune response and allow the bacteria to escape from the killing action of effector molecules such as antimicrobial peptides.
Chiral separation of lansoprazole and rabeprazole by capillary electrophoresis using dual cyclodextrin systems
Authors: Papp Lajos Attila , Hancu Gabriel , Gyéresi Árpád , Kelemen Hajnal , Szabó Zoltán‐István , Noszál Béla , Dubský Pavel , Tóth Gergő 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNovel capillary electrophoresis methods using CDs as chiral selectors were developed and validated for the chiral separation of lansoprazole and rabeprazole, two proton pump inhibitors. Fourteen different neutral and anionic CDs were screened at pH 4 and 7 in the preliminary analysis. Sulfobutyl‐ether‐β‐CD with a degree of substitution of 6.5 and 10 at neutral pH proved to be the most suitable chiral selector for both compounds. Various dual CD systems were also compared, and the possible mechanisms of enantiomer separation were investigated. A dual selector system containing sulfobutyl‐ether‐β‐CD degree of substitution 6.5 and native γ‐CD proved to be the most adequate system for the separations. Method optimization was carried out using an experimental design approach, performing an initial fractional factorial screening design, followed by a central composite design to establish the optimal analytical conditions. The optimized methods (25 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7, 10 mM sulfobutyl‐ether‐β‐CD/20 mM γ‐CD, +20 kV voltage; 17°C temperature; 50 mbar/3 s injection, detection at 210 nm for lansoprazole; 25 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7, 15 mM sulfobutyl‐ether‐β‐CD/30 mM γ‐CD, +20 kV voltage; 18°C temperature; 50 mbar/3 s injection, detection at 210 nm for rabeprazole) provided baseline separation for lansoprazole (Rs = 2.91) and rabeprazole (Rs = 2.53) enantiomers with favorable migration order (in both cases the S‐enantiomers migrates first). The optimized methods were validated according to current guidelines and proved to be reliable, linear, precise, and accurate for the determination of 0.15% distomer as chiral impurity in dexlansoprazole and dexrabeprazole samples.
A multi‐attack resilient lightweight IoT authentication scheme
Authors: Adeel Adil , Ali Mazhar , Khan Abdul Nasir , Khalid Tauqeer , Rehman Faisal , Jararweh Yaser , Shuja Junaid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMajority of the devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) are deployed in an environment that is susceptible to cyber‐attacks. Due to the resource‐constraint nature of IoT, it is very hard to meet the security challenges that arise due to the deployment of IoT devices in the unsecure environment. In this context, the authentication of IoT devices is one of the core challenges. Many protocols have been designed to address and overcome the security issues that stem from the authentication failure. However, many of these protocols are designed using the complex cryptographic techniques that may not be supported by IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a lightweight and secure mutual authentication scheme for resource constraint IoT devices. The proposed scheme is robust against cyber‐attacks, such as impersonation, modification, session key disclosure, and eavesdropping attacks. The security of the proposed scheme is formally tested using the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool and found the scheme to be secure in the Dolev‐Yao attack model. Moreover, the performance features such as communication overhead, computation time, and the turnaround time of the proposed scheme are evaluated and compared with the recent schemes of same category, where the proposed scheme shows a balance of performance without compromising the security features.
Chemoprevention of elite tea variety CFT‐1 rich in EGCG against chemically induced liver cancer in rats
Authors: Liao Sufeng , Lin Jinke , Liu Jianghong , Chen Tuansheng , Xu Ming , Zheng Jingui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCamellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze cv. CFT‐1 is an elite tea variety bred by sexual hybridization with a high content of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) as 134.2 mg/g (which is 2.54‐fold that of the common variety). This study was to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of CFT‐1 green tea infusion (CFT‐1) against N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and its mechanisms. The results showed that CFT‐1 had a superior inhibitory effect in NDEA‐initiated hepatocarcinogenesis compared to that of common tea. CFT‐1 significantly reduced the hepatic nodules incidence, size, and number and prevented the hepatic adenoma or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation. In particular, CFT‐1‐treated animals had the least incidence of HCC (8.33%) followed by common tea treatment (40.00%) and model control rats (87.50%). CFT‐1 treatment significantly ameliorated abnormal liver function enzymes, reduced serum AFP, CEA, TSGF, and TNF‐α levels, inhibited the dickkopf‐related protein‐1 expression, enhanced antioxidant capacity, suppressed the production of livers 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, and regulated hepatic phase I and II xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes. Transcriptomic analysis of liver tissue suggested that compared to common tea, administration of CFT‐1 regulated larger gene sets, which were located in several important pathways of antioxidants, inflammatory network, xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and metabolism associated with liver tumorigenesis. We identified some genes as potential molecular targets involved in the prevention of CFT‐1 and found that CFT‐1 inhibited inflammation response, proliferation, and accelerated apoptosis by inhibiting NF‐κB and PI3K/Akt pathway. Thus, EGCG‐rich CFT‐1 green tea might be a potential choice for liver cancer prevention/treatment in the future.
Trajectories of cognitive decline by widowhood status among Korean older adults
Authors: Lyu Jiyoung , Min Joohong , Kim Giyeon 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesGiven the limited evidence regarding the longitudinal impact of widowhood on cognitive function in later life, the present study aimed to investigate the longitudinal effect of widowhood status on cognitive change among Korean older adults.MethodsThe study sample was drawn from a nationally representative data set, the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA); it consisted of 3,660 Korean adults aged 60 and over who were married at baseline. Our dependent variable, cognitive function, was measured by the Korean version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (K‐MMSE). Widowhood status was measured with the combination of widowhood status and duration. Growth curve models were constructed using five waves of the KLoSA (2006‐2014) to examine the longitudinal trajectories of cognitive changes.ResultsIn the unadjusted model, widowed older adults had significantly lower cognitive function than their nonwidowed counterparts regardless of widowhood duration. Adjusting for covariates, results from the growth curve models showed that widowed older adults with widowhood duration 4 to 6 years had a significantly steeper decline in cognitive function than nonwidowed older adults (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that widowhood is detrimental for late‐life cognitive function. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Policy and practice implications are discussed according to the cultural context.
Exploring the functional connectome in white matter
Authors: Li Jiao , Biswal Bharat B. , Wang Pan , Duan Xujun , Cui Qian , Chen Huafu , Liao Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA major challenge in neuroscience is understanding how brain function emerges from the connectome. Most current methods have focused on quantifying functional connectomes in gray‐matter (GM) signals obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), while signals from white‐matter (WM) have generally been excluded as noise. In this study, we derived a functional connectome from WM resting‐state blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD)‐fMRI signals from a large cohort (n = 488). The WM functional connectome exhibited weak small‐world topology and nonrandom modularity. We also found a long‐term (i.e., over 10 months) topological reliability, with topological reproducibility within different brain parcellation strategies, spatial distance effect, global and cerebrospinal fluid signals regression or not. Furthermore, the small‐worldness was positively correlated with individuals' intelligence values (r = .17, pcorrected = .0009). The current findings offer initial evidence using WM connectome and present additional measures by which to uncover WM functional information in both healthy individuals and in cases of clinical disease.
The health promotion role of Australian early primary school teachers supporting students with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Marks Anne L. , Wilson Nathan J. , Blythe Stacy , Johnston Christine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIssue AddressedEarly primary school children with diabetes require adult support for insulin therapy and primary school teachers often fulfil this health promotion role. Availability of support is inconsistent across Australia and insulin administration at school is avoided for some children. The aims of the study were to explore the experiences of Australian early primary school teachers who were supporting a student using intensive insulin therapy and to identify facilitators and implications of this support.MethodA qualitative research design using narrative inquiry was utilised. Early primary school teachers (n = 11) from six Australian states/territories and across Government, Catholic and independent schools participated in semi‐structured telephone interviews between August 2015 and May 2016. Narrative analysis was used to interpret the interview data.ResultsSix narrative threads told a collective story of early primary school teachers’ experience of supporting a student using intensive insulin therapy. The factors that facilitated support were: suitable class allocation, a transition process, and diabetes education and diabetes models of care. The implications of providing intensive insulin therapy support were legal considerations and burden of responsibility. The outcome was that all teachers supported intensive insulin therapy.ConclusionSchool teachers in this study had a pivotal role in promoting the health of students with type 1 diabetes. This role was often associated with anxiety and the burden of responsibility. Support strategies for teachers include formal diabetes skills training, ongoing assistance from both teacher's aides and Diabetes Educators, and greater understanding of the legal aspects of intensive insulin therapy support. The development of consistent health promotion policy for students with type 1 diabetes across all Australian schools is required.So what?Adopting the supportive strategies for teachers identified in this study will further promote the health of early primary school children with type 1 diabetes.
Comparative analysis of single‐ and dual‐purpose corrugated plate solar collector by force convection
Authors: Pathak Piyush Kumar , Chandra Prakash , Raj Gaurav 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn experimental analysis of dual‐purpose corrugated plate solar collector (DPCPSC) is used to heat water and air simultaneously. Three types of corrugated plate solar collectors (CPSCs) were presented: namely single purpose corrugated plate solar collector (SPCPSC), only water heating of aluminum absorber plate (SPCPSC 1) and copper absorber plate (SPCPSC 2) and DPCPSC type water‐air compound heating of aluminum based absorber plate. In this experimental investigation, the comparative analysis of SPCPSC 1 and 2 at mass flow rate (MFR) of water was 0.025 kg/s (case 1 and 2) and 0.04167 kg/s (case 3 and 4), DPCPSC at MFR of air was 0.011 kg/s while MFR of water was 0.025 kg/s (case 5) and 0.04167 kg/s (case 6), respectively, and DPCPSC at MFR of water and air were 0.04167 and 0.023 kg/s, respectively (case 7), are analyzed. The results indicate that the efficiency of the DPCPSC, of case 6 is 16.74% higher than single purpose system that of case 3 and 6.65% also that of case 4. Comparing the DPCPSC, the optimum efficiency of case 7 is 8.64% higher than case 5 and 1.87% also higher than case 6.