bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase II study of nab‐paclitaxel + carboplatin for patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer and interstitial lung disease
Authors: Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Yoh Kiyotaka , Mori Keita , Ono Akira , Baba Tomohisa , Fujiwara Yutaka , Yamaguchi Ou , Ko Ryo , Okamoto Hiroaki , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Ninomiya Takashi , Ogura Takashi , Kato Terufumi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe prognosis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is poor, and 5%‐20% of those receiving chemotherapy experience ILD exacerbation. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of nab‐paclitaxel plus carboplatin for NSCLC patients with ILD, we undertook a multicenter phase II study. Chemotherapy‐naïve patients with advanced NSCLC and mild or moderate ILD received nab‐paclitaxel (100 mg/m2, days 1, 8, and 15) plus carboplatin (area under the curve = 6, day 1) every 3 weeks for 4 cycles (maximum, 6 cycles). Interstitial lung diseases were diagnosed based on criteria for fibrosing interstitial pneumonia. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of exacerbation‐free ILD 28 days after completion of protocol treatment. Secondary endpoints were response rate, progression‐free survival, overall survival, prevalence of exacerbation‐free ILD, and toxicity. Ninety‐four patients were enrolled, and 92 patients received any protocol treatment. Median age was 70 years, and 58% had nonsquamous histology. In the primary analysis, the prevalence of exacerbation‐free ILD 28 days after protocol treatment was 95.7% (88/92; 90% confidence interval, 90.3‐98.5), which met the primary endpoint. Response rate was 51% (95% confidence interval, 40%‐62%). At the time of data cut‐off, median progression‐free survival was 6.2 months, and median overall survival was 15.4 months. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (75%), leukopenia (53%), anemia (48%), and thrombocytopenia (20%). Two treatment‐related deaths (1 each of pulmonary infection and ILD exacerbation) were observed. This study showed that a combination of nab‐paclitaxel with carboplatin was tolerable in NSCLC patients with mild or moderate ILD in terms of safety. This study is registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN 000012989).
What Can We Learn About Aggression From What Adolescents Consider Important in Life? The Contribution of Values Theory to Aggression Research
Authors: Benish‐Weisman Maya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractValues are abstract goals that serve as guiding principles in people’s lives. Schwartz’s theory (1992) offers a comprehensive framework to understand what motivates human behavior. It classifies people’s broad motivations into a system of values organized in a circumplex structure. In this article, I explain how recent findings from studies of values can add to our knowledge of what motivates adolescents to behave aggressively. For example, during adolescence, values emphasizing caring for others and maintaining social norms relate negatively to aggression, whereas values promoting self‐focus and pursuing new experiences and stimulation relate to aggressive acts. I also discuss the potentially protective role of some values, the mechanisms mediating the relations between values and aggression, and the relations between values and aggression over time. Finally, I suggest new directions for research and discuss the importance of including values in interventions to prevent aggression.
Casual analysis and short‐sighted inferences: A response to Majgaonkar et al. 2019
Authors: Shrotriya Shivam , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Habib Bilal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe increased interface of humans and large carnivores in human‐modified landscapes requires mechanisms to reduce conflict and allow co‐existence. The recent article by Majgaonkar et al. examining land‐sharing potential of the Western Ghats overlooks some important points in their analyses and inferences. Poorly designed occupancy survey with improper replicates has produced results that can have a misguided bearing on large‐carnivore conservation and management in the region. Inaccurate results do not help in prioritization of conservation areas and sketchy conclusions create a perception that carnivore conservation is possible without addressing the pressing issues of development and land‐use modifications. We urge future studies to rigorously evaluate their methodologies and ensure better practices for science‐based conservation.
Childhood obesity and leucocyte telomere length
Authors: Lamprokostopoulou Agaristi , Moschonis George , Manios Yannis , Critselis Elena , Nicolaides Nicolas C. , Stefa Alketa , Koniari Eleni , Gagos Sarantis , Charmandari Evangelia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundObesity in adulthood is associated with decreased leucocyte telomere length (LTL), which is associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2. The aim of our study was to investigate whether increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with decreased LTL in children and adolescents, and to identify other risk factors of shorter LTL in this population.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 919 Greek children aged 9‐13 years (The Healthy Growth Study). Participants were classified as obese (n = 124), overweight (n = 276) or of normal BMI (n = 519). LTL was determined by monochrome multiplex quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were applied to determine the predictive factors of LTL.ResultsBoth overweight and obese children had significantly shorter LTL than their normal‐BMI counterparts. Following adjustment for age, sex, total daily energy intake and average weekly physical activity (average total steps per day), increasing weight category was inversely associated with LTL in children and adolescents (β: −0.110 ± 0.035; P = .002).ConclusionOverweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with shorter LTL, even following adjustment for potential confounding effects. Therefore, the increased BMI in childhood and adolescence may be associated with accelerated biological ageing and may have an adverse impact on future health in adulthood.
The Invariance Paradox: Using Optimal Test Design to Minimize Bias
Authors: Jones Andrew T. , Kopp Jason P. , Ong Thai Q. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStudies investigating invariance have often been limited to measurement or prediction invariance. Selection invariance, wherein the use of test scores for classification results in equivalent classification accuracy between groups, has received comparatively little attention in the psychometric literature. Previous research suggests that some form of selection bias (lack of selection invariance) will exist in most testing contexts, where classification decisions are made, even when meeting the conditions of measurement invariance. We define this conflict between measurement and selection invariance as the invariance paradox. Previous research has found test reliability to be an important factor in minimizing selection bias. This study demonstrates that the location of maximum test information may be a more important factor than overall test reliability in minimizing decision errors between groups.
Genetic and functional diversity of the multiple lungfish myoglobins
Authors: Lüdemann Julia , Fago Angela , Falke Sven , Wisniewsky Michelle , Schneider Igor , Fabrizius Andrej , Burmester Thorsten 
Published: October 2019

It is known that the West African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) harbours multiple myoglobin (Mb) genes that are differentially expressed in various tissues and that the Mbs differ in their abilities to confer tolerance towards hypoxia. Here, we show that other lungfish species (Protopterus dolloi, Protopterus aethiopicus and Lepidosiren paradoxa) display a similar diversity of Mb genes and have orthologous Mb genes. To investigate the functional diversification of these genes, we studied the structures, O2 binding properties and nitrite reductase enzymatic activities of recombinantly expressed P. annectens Mbs (PanMbs). CD spectroscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering revealed the typical globin‐fold in all investigated recombinant Mbs, indicating a conserved structure. The highest O2 affinity was measured for PanMb2 (P50 = 0.88 Torr at 20 °C), which is mainly expressed in the brain, whereas the muscle‐specific PanMb1 has the lowest O2 affinity (P50 = 3.78 Torr at 20 °C), suggesting that tissue‐specific O2 requirements have resulted in the emergence of distinct Mb types. Two of the mainly neuronally expressed Mbs (PanMb3 and PanMb4b) have the highest nitrite reductase rates. These data show different O2 binding and enzymatic properties of lungfish Mbs, reflecting multiple subfunctionalisation and neofunctionalisation events that occurred early in the evolution of lungfish. Some Mbs may have also taken over the functions of neuroglobin and cytoglobin, which are widely expressed in vertebrates but appear to be missing in lungfish.
Assessing the relative importance of temperature, discharge, and day length on the reproduction of an anadromous fish (Alosa alosa)
Authors: Paumier Alexis , Drouineau Hilaire , Boutry Sebastien , Sillero Neftalí , Lambert Patrick 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Climate change threatens anadromous fishes such as the allis shad (Alosa alosa) populations of which have declined since the 20th century in Europe. Sensitivity to climate change could be quantified by determining the fish’s spawning behaviour, defined as the timing of reproduction (i.e. spawning events) as a function of temporally variable environmental factors. The cues that fish use to time reproduction could determine their response to climate change.

A machine learning technique (boosted regression tree) was calibrated using a 14‐year dataset composed of daily measures of environmental factors and fish occurrences during reproduction. The boosted regression tree provides complete insight into the complex relationship between the spawning probability, i.e. the probability for a fish to reproduce, and environmental factors that might evolve with climate change.

The spawning probability was positively related to day length (44.6%) and water temperature (34.7%) and negatively related to river discharge (20.7%). Optimal reproductive conditions corresponded to a difference in day length between 0 and 0.04 hr, a water temperature between 15 and 26°C and a river discharge between 55 and 665 m3/s; these conditions are currently being utilised by allis shad populations in the Garonne and Dordogne rivers, France.

This study highlights the relative influence of environmental factors on the observed spawning period as well as the evolution of habitat suitability during the 14‐year period. The novelty of this study stems from assessing population process data, i.e. the occurrence of fish reproduction, rather than mere occurrence data in an ecological niche model study. Climate change may lead to a shift in spawning phenology, as the water temperature and river discharge will also change. Therefore, conservation plans need to integrate these effects on spawning grounds.
The cost and benefit of quorum sensing‐controlled bacteriocin production in Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Maldonado‐Barragán Antonio , West Stuart A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBacteria eliminate competitors via ‘chemical warfare’ with bacteriocins. Some species appear to adjust bacteriocin production conditionally in response to the social environment. We tested whether variation in the cost and benefit of producing bacteriocins could explain such conditional behaviour, in the bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum. We found that: (a) bacterial bacteriocin production could be upregulated by either the addition of a synthetic autoinducer peptide (PLNC8IF; signalling molecule), or by a plasmid which constitutively encodes for the production of this peptide; (b) bacteriocin production is costly, leading to reduced growth when grown in poor and, to a lesser extent, in rich media; (c) bacteriocin production provides a fitness advantage, when grown in competition with sensitive strains; and (d) the fitness benefits provided by bacteriocin production are greater at higher cell densities. These results show how the costs and benefits of upregulating bacteriocin production can depend upon abiotic and biotic conditions.
Risk factors of de novo hepatitis B virus infection in pediatric hepatitis B core antibody positive liver graft recipients under prophylactic therapy
Authors: Dong Chong , Song Zhuolun , Chen Jing , Ma Nan , Meng Xingchu , Sun Chao , Duan Keran , Bi Bowen , Wang Kai , Qin Hong , Han Chao , Yang Yang , Zhang Fubo , Zheng Weiping , Gao Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimWe aim to investigate the risk factors of de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pediatric liver transplantation recipients receiving hepatitis B core antibody positive grafts and to evaluate the efficacy of our prophylactic strategies.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐nine pediatric recipients receiving hepatitis B core antibody positive grafts operated from September 2016 to September 2018 were retrospectively enrolled, and all the patients received prophylactic treatment to prevent de novo HBV infection. Donor and recipient features, operative information along with graft, and recipient outcomes were compared between recipients with or without de novo HBV infection. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify the risk factors of de novo HBV infection.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time was 23.5 ± 15.7 months, and the overall incidence of de novo HBV infection was 3.6%. Recipients with de novo HBV infection showed equal graft and recipient outcome compared with the recipients without de novo HBV infection during the follow‐up time. Recipient preoperative hepatitis B surface antibody titer of < 1000 IU/L (odds ratio [OR] = 9.652, P = 0.024), graft HBV DNA of > 1000 copies (OR = 9.050, P = 0.032), and intraoperative fresh‐frozen plasma transfusion of > 400 mL (OR = 10.462, P = 0.023) were identified as independent risk factors for de novo HBV infection.ConclusionHepatitis B core antibody positive grafts can safely be used in pediatric liver transplantation under rational prophylactic therapy.
Real‐world experience of 12‐week direct‐acting antiviral regimen of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Atsukawa Masanori , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Nakamuta Makoto , Uojima Haruki , Nozaki Akito , Takaguchi Koichi , Fujioka Shinichi , Iio Etsuko , Shima Toshihide , Akahane Takehiro , Fukunishi Shinya , Asano Toru , Michitaka Kojiro , Tsuji Kunihiko , Abe Hiroshi , Mikami Shigeru , Okubo Hironao , Okubo Tomomi , Shimada Noritomo , Ishikawa Toru , Moriya Akio , Tani Joji , Morishita Asahiro , Ogawa Chikara , Tachi Yoshihiko , Ikeda Hiroki , Yamashita Naoki , Yasuda Satoshi , Chuma Makoto , Tsutsui Akemi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Ikegami Tadashi , Genda Takuya , Tsubota Akihito , Masaki Tsutomu , Tanaka Yasuhito , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Kumada Takashi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn clinical trials, a pangenotype direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) regimen consisting of glecaprevir (GLE) and pibrentasvir (PIB) exhibited high virologic efficacy and tolerability in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study sought to confirm these findings in real‐world settings, focusing on patients with cirrhosis, history of DAA failure, or HCV genotype 3 who were treated with a 12‐week regimen in a large multicenter study from Japan.MethodsIn a nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study, we analyzed background characteristics, tolerability, and treatment outcome of patients who underwent a 12‐week GLE/PIB regimen.ResultsOf 1190 patients, 509 (42.8%) underwent the 12‐week regimen, and the remaining patients underwent an 8‐week regimen. The rate of sustained virologic response (SVR) of patients treated with the 12‐week regimen was 99.0%, comparable with that of patients treated with the 8‐week regimen. The adverse events were observed in 29.1% of patients. The main adverse event was pruritus, which was observed in 14.7%. Ten patients (2.0%) discontinued therapy during treatment period.ConclusionThe 12‐week GLE/PIB regimen was well‐tolerated with high virologic efficacy in patients with cirrhosis, experience of DAA, or HCV genotype 3; tolerability and SVR rate were comparable with those of DAA‐naïve, non‐cirrhotic, non‐genotype 3 patients who underwent 8‐week regimen.
Recurrence of post‐partum hemorrhage in women with a history of uterine artery embolization
Authors: Imafuku Hitomi , Yamada Hideto , Morizane Mayumi , Tanimura Kenji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate pregnancy outcome and complications in subsequent pregnancies after severe post‐partum hemorrhage (PPH) between women with and without a history of uterine artery embolization (UAE).MethodsWomen who had a history of severe PPH, and delivered newborns at ≥22 gestational weeks in subsequent pregnancies were enrolled. Severe PPH was defined as blood loss volume of more than 2000 mL.ResultsThe blood loss volume (median 1581 mL) in women with UAE (n = 14) was significantly more than that in women without UAE (median 1021 mL, n = 32, P < 0.01), and the recurrence rate of severe PPH in women with UAE (n = 5, 35.7%) was significantly higher than that in women without UAE (n = 3, 9.4%, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in frequencies of premature delivery, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, or placenta previa/low lying placenta. Of 14 women with UAE, 7 (50.0%) had abnormally invasive placenta, whereas of 32 women without UAE, none had abnormally invasive placenta.ConclusionSubsequent pregnancies after UAE for severe PPH had high risks for recurrence of severe PPH.
Arteriovenous uterine malformation developed from an interstitial pregnancy on residual tubal stump: A critical managment in a fertile woman
Authors: Parisi Silvia , Garofalo Anna , Alemanno Maria Grazia , Chiado Fiorio Tin Michela , Petruzzelli Paolo , Viora Elsa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUterine arteriovenous malformations are rare conditions with diverse clinical presentation that range from asymptomatic patients to different degrees of menorrhagia, commonly associated with previous pregnancy or uterine trauma. This case report describes a 36‐year‐old woman who presented with ultrasound diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy on residual right tube stump 4 months after a laparoscopic salpingectomy for extrauterine pregnancy. She started treatment with methotrexate; afterwards serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels and ultrasound follow‐ups were scheduled. While serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels were progressively reducing, transvaginal ultrasound follow‐ups showed a persistent anechoic mass on right rube stump, with increased peripheral high flow vascularity: highly suspicious for a uterine arteriovenous malformation. A laparoscopy was performed with a tumorectomy of the mass. The histopathological exam of the specimen confirmed uterine arteriovenous malformation. Patient successfully became pregnant 2 years later, with an eventless pregnancy and a vaginal delivery without complications.
Turbinaria ornata (Phaeophyceae) varies size and strength to maintain environmental safety factor across flow regimes
Authors: Sirison Nannaphat , Burnett Nicholas P. 
Published: October 2019

Water motion in coastal areas can produce hydrodynamic forces that damage or dislodge benthic macroalgae if the tissues of macroalgae are not sufficiently strong. Some macroalgae vary their morphology and strength in response to ambient water motion, but little is known of how morphology and strength of macroalgae change relative to one another across flow regimes. Here, we use Turbinaria ornata, an ecologically important macroalga, to study how both the morphology and strength of macroalgae vary with ambient water motion. Typically, T. ornata exhibits weakening of its stipe when sexually mature, leading to breakage from the substratum and dispersal, which is beneficial for reproduction. Across three flow regimes, adult T. ornata increased its size but decreased its strength as water motion decreased. However, the strength of T. ornata relative to the maximum hydrodynamic forces it is expected to encounter (the environmental safety factor) did not differ between flow regimes. Our results showed that T. ornata can conform to its local flow habitat by varying both size and strength, similar to other macroalgae. Varying multiple traits between flow regimes suggested that T. ornata is capable of surviving a wide range of flow conditions, which may permit more control over the timing of its weakening, breakage from the substratum, and dispersal, even with future increases in flow velocities (e.g., large waves from storms) that are expected to occur frequently with climate change.
Specificity of cobamide remodeling, uptake and utilization in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Ma Amy T. , Tyrell Breanna , Beld Joris 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCobamides are a group of compounds including vitamin B12 that can vary at the lower base position of the nucleotide loop. They are synthesized de novo by only a subset of prokaryotes, but some organisms encode partial biosynthesis pathways for converting one variant to another (remodeling) or completing biosynthesis from an intermediate (corrinoid salvaging). Here, we explore the cobamide specificity in Vibrio cholerae through examination of three natural variants representing major cobamide groups: commercially available cobalamin, and isolated pseudocobalamin and p‐cresolylcobamide. We show that BtuB, the outer membrane corrinoid transporter, mediates the uptake of all three variants and the intermediate cobinamide. Our previous work suggested that V. cholerae could convert pseudocobalamin produced by cyanobacteria into cobalamin. In this work, cobamide specificity in V. cholerae is demonstrated by remodeling of pseudocobalamin and salvaging of cobinamide to produce cobalamin. Cobamide remodeling in V. cholerae is distinct from the canonical pathway requiring amidohydrolase CbiZ, and heterologous expression of V. cholerae CobS was sufficient for remodeling. Furthermore, function of V. cholerae cobamide‐dependent methionine synthase MetH was robustly supported by cobalamin and p‐cresolylcobamide, but not pseudocobalamin. Notably, the inability of V. cholerae to produce and utilize pseudocobalamin contrasts with enteric bacteria like Salmonella.