bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Photomodification of Polymer Surfaces: Unleashing the Potential of Aryl‐Azide Copolymers
Authors: Schulz Anita , Stocco Antonio , Bethry Audrey , Lavigne Jean‐Philippe , Coudane Jean , Nottelet Benjamin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe possibility to impart surface properties to any polymeric substrate using a fast, reproducible, and industrially friendly procedure, without the need for surface pretreatment, is highly sought after. This is in particular true in the frame of antibacterial surfaces to hinder the threat of biofilm formation. In this study, the potential of aryl‐azide polymers for photofunctionalization and the importance of the polymer structure for an efficient grafting are demonstrated. The strategy is illustrated with a UV‐reactive hydrophilic poly(2‐oxazoline) based copolymer, which can be photografted onto any polymer substrate that contains carbon–hydrogen bonds to introduce antifouling properties. Through detailed characterization it is demonstrated that the controlled spatial distribution of the UV‐reactive aryl‐azide moieties within the poly(2‐oxazline) structure, in the form of pseudogradient copolymers, ensures higher grafting efficacy than other copolymer structures including block copolymers. Furthermore, it is found that the photografting results in a covalently bound layer, which is thermally stable and causes a significant antiadherence effect and biofilm reduction against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains while remaining noncytotoxic against mouse fibroblasts.
Combinatorial Particle Patterning by Nanoxerography
Authors: Palleau Etienne , Ressier Laurence 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn their article (https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201703511), Bojnicic‐Kninski et al. expose the known methods used for creating, on a same substrate, patterns composed of different types of particles. This approach is called “combinatorial particle patterning.” They describe various techniques and group them depending on the used methods or driving forces that enable the directed assemblies of particles. A substantial part of the article (Part 2: Electrical Particle Patterning) referred to particle assemblies guided by electrostatic forces, i.e., electrophoretic or dielectrophoretic forces. However, this part, especially the paragraph on “Nanoxerography” (cf. 2.2 of the article) suffers from some inaccuracies that lead to partially wrong conclusions regarding combinatorial particle patterning.The goal of this comment is double: i) giving a complete and up to date definition of nanoxerography ii) reporting the results on combinatorial particle patterning using nanoxerography to correct the article inaccuracies.
Unfeelable Mechanical Cloak Based on Proportional Parameter Transform in Bimode Structures
Authors: Hai Lingyu , Zhao Qian , Meng Yonggang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA bimode structure is a kind of structure with a high ratio of bulk moduli to shear moduli, which has a Poisson's ratio near 0.5 and a simple‐form elastic tensor. For structures in case of defects, there will be stress concentration and even failure. In this work, a method by proportional transformation for geometry parameters of a hexagonal bimode structure around the defect hole based on the special property of this kind of structure and invariant effective stiffness of a double‐trapezoid is proposed. This method can extremely reduce stress concentration caused by defects in the case of the same size of hole in this structure, making the hole not detectable by external forces. For a typical structure with a circular hole, the strain can be reduced from 378.5% to 114.8% relative to the nonhole case (and can be more effective in other parameters), and this method can also be used in other‐shape‐hole cases. This transformation method provides a direct platform for designing the nonstress‐concentration structure under defect holes, and besides making the structure lightweight.
Simultaneously Armored and Active Graphene for Transparent and Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhong Yuxiang , Zhang Xin , He Yi , Peng Huifen , Wang Gongkai , Xin Guoqing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTransparent and flexible supercapacitors (TFSCs) as indispensable components for future transparent and flexible electronics have attracted significant interests. The Ag nanowires/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) exhibit strong competitiveness applied in the TFSCs due to the exceptional conductivity and transparency. However, the environmental tolerance of Ag nanowires such as oxidation and sulfurization limits the reliability. Herein, electric‐double‐layer TFSCs based on Ag nanowires/PET TCEs as current collectors are reported. More importantly, a seamless, uniform, and flexible graphene layer behaves as armored and active components simultaneously for the TFSCs, by a facile electrodeposition process. On the one hand, the flexible graphene layer can isolate the Ag nanowires away from the oxidation well, particularly in the condition of electrolyte. On the other hand, the laminated graphene layer with wrinkles can store electrons, and the copercolating network of graphene layer and Ag nanowires can transport the electrons efficiently, cyclically accomplishing the operation of storage and transport, by which the synergistic effect endows the TFSCs with decent optical and electrochemical performances. The interfacial capacitance is evaluated to discuss the relationship between the structure of graphene layer and the measured capacitance. This facile process provides a rational architecture and insights into TFSCs.
Acid‐Responsive Transferrin Dissociation and GLUT Mediated Exocytosis for Increased Blood–Brain Barrier Transcytosis and Programmed Glioma Targeting Delivery
Authors: Ruan Shaobo , Qin Lin , Xiao Wei , Hu Chuan , Zhou Yang , Wang Ranran , Sun Xing , Yu Wenqi , He Qin , Gao Huile 
Published: May 2018

AbstractReceptor mediated transcytosis (RMT) is a common mechanism used for nanotherapeutics to traverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, the transcytosis of ligand modified nanoparticles via RMT is likely to be trapped within brain capillary endothelial cells due to the high binding affinity of ligand with receptors, which greatly reduces the amount of nanoparticles across BBB. Here, P‐aminophenyl‐α‐D‐mannopyranoside (MAN) decorated doxorubicin‐loaded dendrigraft poly‐l‐lysine with acid‐cleavable transferrin (Tf) coating outside (DD‐MCT) is proposed. The DD‐MCT is engineered to specifically recognize the Tf receptor (TfR) on the luminal side of BBB endothelium. Then the DD‐MCT undergoes an acid‐responsive cleavage of Tf, leading to the separation of MAN‐decorated DGL‐DOX (DD‐M) from the Tf–TfR complex in endo/lysosomes. The detached DD‐M is more prone to escape from endo/lysosomes and can further be exocytosed into brain parenchyma via the mediation of glucose transporter located on the abluminal endothelial membrane. Moreover, the DD‐M in brain parenchyma can target glioma cells. Significantly, the DD‐MCT enters into brain parenchyma in greater amounts, resulting in enhanced accumulation at glioma site and thus improved antiglioma therapeutic outcome. This strategy pioneers a new path for reducing the trapping of nanotherapeutics within BBB endothelium but increasing their transcytosis into brain parenchyma.
A Chemically Engineered Porous Copper Matrix with Cylindrical Core–Shell Skeleton as a Stable Host for Metallic Sodium Anodes
Authors: Wang Chuanlong , Wang Huan , Matios Edward , Hu Xiaofei , Li Weiyang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSodium (Na) metal is the most promising alternative for lithium metal as anode for the next‐generation energy storage systems. However, its practical implementation is hindered by the huge volume change and severe Na metal dendrite growth during electrochemical stripping/plating. Herein, the use of a chemically engineered porous copper (Cu) matrix as a stable host for metallic Na anode is presented. By treating the commercial Cu foam through a facile and cost‐effective method, a composite matrix consists of cylindrical core–shell skeleton is achieved, facilitating uniform impregnation and confinement of Na within the matrix pores promoted by the chemical interaction between Na and the matrix. The unique matrix's surface characteristic can divert the Na deposition from the skeleton towards the Na reservoirs within the pores, suppressing the volume change and mossy/dendritic Na growth. A stable Na cycling behavior is demonstrated in carbonate electrolyte without any additives at a high capacity up to 3 mAh cm−2 with a current density up to 2 mA cm−2. Moreover, electrochemical measurements of a full cell made of the Na composite matrix anode clearly reveal the superior performance at high rate (5C) over that using bare Na metal.
Maximizing Aggregation of Organic Fluorophores to Prolong Fluorescence Lifetime for Two‐Photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
Authors: Hu Wenbo , Guo Lihong , Bai Lei , Miao Xiaofei , Ni Yun , Wang Qi , Zhao Hui , Xie Meng , Li Lin , Lu Xiaomei , Huang Wei , Fan Quli 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTwo‐photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (TP‐FLIM) not only permits imaging deep inside the tissues with precise spatial manipulation but also circumvents tissue autofluorescence, holding tremendous promise in molecular imaging. However, the serious lack of suitable contrast agents with long fluorescence lifetime and efficient two‐photon absorption (TPA) greatly limits the advance of TP‐FLIM. This study reports a simple approach to fabricate water‐soluble organic semiconducting nanoparticles [thioxanthone (TXO) NPs] with ultralong fluorescence lifetime and efficient TPA for in vivo TP‐FLIM. The approach utilizes the aggregation of a specifically selected thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) fluorophore to prolong its fluorescence lifetime. Encapsulating the TADF fluorophore within an amphiphilic copolymer not only maximizes its aggregation but also obtains TXO NPs with efficient TPA. Importantly, as‐prepared TXO NPs exhibit a considerably long fluorescence lifetime at a magnitude of 4.2 µs, which is almost 1000 times larger than that of existing organic contrast agents. Moreover, such long fluorescence lifetime is almost oxygen‐inert, readily realizing both in vitro and in vivo TP‐FLIM. This work may set valuable guidance for designing organic semiconducting materials with ultralong fluorescence lifetimes to fulfill the potential of FLIM.
Recent Advances in Biointegrated Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Xu Huihua , Yin Lan , Liu Chuan , Sheng Xing , Zhao Ni 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWith recent progress in the design of materials and mechanics, opportunities have arisen to improve optoelectronic devices, circuits, and systems in curved, flexible, stretchable, and biocompatible formats, thereby enabling integration of customized optoelectronic devices and biological systems. Here, the core material technologies of biointegrated optoelectronic platforms are discussed. An overview of the design and fabrication methods to form semiconductor materials and devices in flexible and stretchable formats is presented, strategies incorporating various heterogeneous substrates, interfaces, and encapsulants are discussed, and their applications in biomimetic, wearable, and implantable systems are highlighted.
Continuous Low‐Bias Switching of Superconductivity in a MoS2 Transistor
Authors: Chen Qihong , Lu Jianming , Liang Lei , Zheliuk Oleksandr , Ali El Yumin Abdurrahman , Ye Jianting 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEngineering the properties of quantum electron systems, e.g., tuning the superconducting phase using low driving bias within an easily accessible temperature range, is of great interest for exploring exotic physical phenomena as well as achieving real applications. Here, the realization of continuous field‐effect switching between superconducting and non‐superconducting states in a few‐layer MoS2 transistor is reported. Ionic‐liquid gating induces the superconducting state close to the quantum critical point on the top surface of the MoS2, and continuous switching between the super/non‐superconducting states is achieved by HfO2 back gating. The superconducting transistor works effectively in the helium‐4 temperature range and requires a gate bias as low as ≈10 V. The dual‐gate device structure and strategy presented here can be easily generalized to other systems, opening new opportunities for designing high‐performance 2D superconducting transistors.
Inorganic Polymer Micropillar‐Based Solution Shearing of Large‐Area Organic Semiconductor Thin Films with Pillar‐Size‐Dependent Crystal Size
Authors: Kim Jin‐Oh , Lee Jeong‐Chan , Kim Min‐Ji , Noh Hyunwoo , Yeom Hye‐In , Ko Jong Beom , Lee Tae Hoon , Ko Park Sang‐Hee , Kim Dong‐Pyo , Park Steve 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is demonstrated that the crystal size of small‐molecule organic semiconductors can be controlled during solution shearing by tuning the shape and dimensions of the micropillars on the blade. Increasing the size and spacing of the rectangular pillars increases the crystal size, resulting in higher thin‐film mobility. This phenomenon is attributed as the microstructure changing the degree and density of the meniscus line curvature, thereby controlling the nucleation process. The use of allylhybridpolycarbosilane (AHPCS), an inorganic polymer, is also demonstrated as the microstructured blade for solution shearing, which has high resistance to organic solvents, can easily be microstructured via molding, and is flexible and durable. Finally, it is shown that solution shearing can be performed on a curved surface using a curved blade. These demonstrations bring solution shearing closer to industrial applications and expand its applicability to various printed flexible electronics.
Bright Aggregation‐Induced‐Emission Dots for Targeted Synergetic NIR‐II Fluorescence and NIR‐I Photoacoustic Imaging of Orthotopic Brain Tumors
Authors: Sheng Zonghai , Guo Bing , Hu Dehong , Xu Shidang , Wu Wenbo , Liew Weng Heng , Yao Kui , Jiang Jingying , Liu Chengbo , Zheng Hairong , Liu Bin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrecise diagnostics are of significant importance to the optimal treatment outcomes of patients bearing brain tumors. NIR‐II fluorescence imaging holds great promise for brain‐tumor diagnostics with deep penetration and high sensitivity. This requires the development of organic NIR‐II fluorescent agents with high quantum yield (QY), which is difficult to achieve. Herein, the design and synthesis of a new NIR‐II fluorescent molecule with aggregation‐induced‐emission (AIE) characteristics is reported for orthotopic brain‐tumor imaging. Encapsulation of the molecule in a polymer matrix yields AIE dots showing a very high QY of 6.2% with a large absorptivity of 10.2 L g−1 cm−1 at 740 nm and an emission maximum near 1000 nm. Further decoration of the AIE dots with c‐RGD yields targeted AIE dots, which afford specific and selective tumor uptake, with a high signal/background ratio of 4.4 and resolution up to 38 µm. The large NIR absorptivity of the AIE dots facilitates NIR‐I photoacoustic imaging with intrinsically deeper penetration than NIR‐II fluorescence imaging and, more importantly, precise tumor‐depth detection through intact scalp and skull. This research demonstrates the promise of NIR‐II AIE molecules and their dots in dual NIR‐II fluorescence and NIR‐I photoacoustic imaging for precise brain cancer diagnostics.
A Scalable Approach to Dendrite‐Free Lithium Anodes via Spontaneous Reduction of Spray‐Coated Graphene Oxide Layers
Authors: Bai Maohui , Xie Keyu , Yuan Kai , Zhang Kun , Li Nan , Shen Chao , Lai Yanqing , Vajtai Robert , Ajayan Pulickel , Wei Bingqing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLi‐metal batteries (LiMBs) are experiencing a renaissance; however, achieving scalable production of dendrite‐free Li anodes for practical application is still a formidable challenge. Herein, a facile and universal method is developed to directly reduce graphene oxide (GO) using alkali metals (e.g., Li, Na, and K) in moderate conditions. Based on this innovation, a spontaneously reduced graphene coating can be designed and modulated on a Li surface (SR‐G‐Li). The symmetrical SR‐G‐Li|SR‐G‐Li cell can run up to 1000 cycles at a high practical current density of 5 mA cm−2 without a short circuit, demonstrating one of the longest lifespans reported with LiPF6‐based carbonate electrolytes. More significantly, a practically scalable paradigm is established to fabricate dendrite‐free Li anodes by spraying a GO layer on the Li anode surface for large‐scale production of LiFePO4/Li pouch cells, reflected by the continuous manufacturing of the SR‐G‐Li anodes based on the roll‐to‐roll technology. The strategy provides new commercial opportunities to both LiMBs and graphene.
Self‐Powered n‐SnO2/p‐CuZnS Core–Shell Microwire UV Photodetector with Optimized Performance
Authors: Cai Jian , Xu Xiaojie , Su Longxing , Yang Wei , Chen Hongyu , Zhang Yong , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, a single‐crystal SnO2 microwire photodetector (PD) is demonstrated with a fast response speed owing to a low concentration of point defects. However, the presence of surface defects (e.g., oxygen vacancies) still limits its optoelectronic performance. To further improve the photoresponse of such device, a core–shell p–n junction is constructed by simply coating a new p‐type transparent conductive (CuS)0.35:(ZnS)0.65 nanocomposite film (CuZnS) on n‐type SnO2 microwire. As a result, not only the surface of SnO2 is modified, but also a space charge depletion region is formed at the interface, leading to an enhanced on‐off ratio of ≈1.3 × 103 and a faster speed of 45 µs/1.17 ms (rise time/decay time) in comparison with the plain SnO2 microwire PD (on‐off ratio of 30, response speed of ≈100 µs/1.5 ms). Besides, the n‐SnO2/p‐CuZnS core–shell microwire could steadily work as a self‐powered UV PD, with a maximum responsivity of 1.6 mA W−1 (at 0 V) and detectivity of 5.41 × 1011 Jones (at 0.05 V) toward 315 nm, which suggests its great potentials as a high‐performance self‐powered UV photodetector.
Investigation on Charge Carrier Recombination of Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites Doped with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen under High Photon Flux Excitation
Authors: Chen Zhifan , Chen Zeqiang , Li Hao , Zhao Xiaojuan , Zhu Mingqiang , Wang Mingkui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA typical aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIE‐gen) is introduced into perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 and the material and photophysical properties of hybrid films are investigated with absorption, X‐ray diffraction, and steady‐state photoluminescence (PL) characterization. When excited by a high photon flux (4.08 × 1022 cm−2 s−1) laser beam (3.82 eV) at room temperature, the CH3NH3PbI3 polycrystalline thin films exhibit dual emission locating at 1.64 eV (P1) and 1.59 eV (P2). The two PL peaks are attributed to free carrier (FC) recombination and exciton recombination, respectively. Additionally, an introduction of AIE‐gen changes the peak value ratio of P1:P2, indicating the radiative recombination ratio of FCs versus excitons in perovskite films can be tuned with this method. Since recombination of FCs and excitons plays a key role in photovoltaic and luminescent devices, this finding helps to clarify the recombination behavior of photogenerated carriers in perovskites and promote their further applications in photoelectric devices.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of Isocyanides with Trifluorodiazoethane and Nucleophiles: Divergent Synthesis of Trifluoroethyl‐Substituted Isoquinolines, Imidates, and Amidines
Authors: Bu Xiu‐Bin , Wang Zhuo , Wang Xue‐Di , Meng Xiang‐He , Zhao Yu‐Long 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA rhodium‐catalyzed tandem reaction of isocyanides with 2,2,2‐trifluorodiazoethane and various nucleophiles has been developed. The protocol provides a simple and highly efficient method for the construction of trifluoroethyl‐substituted isoquinolines, imidates and amidines with broad substrate scope in good to high yields. These reactions feature readily available starting materials, three‐component, one‐pot procedure, good to high yields, broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and excellent stereoselectivity.magnified image
Oxidative [3+3] Annulation of Atropaldehyde Acetals with 1,3‐Bisnucleophiles: An Efficient Method of Constructing Six‐Membered Aromatic Rings, Including Salicylates and Carbazoles
Authors: Gu Yanlong , Wu Fengtian , Yang Jian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn oxidative [3+3] annulation of atropaldehyde acetals with various 1,3‐bisnucleophiles was developed using either N‐bromosuccinimide or copper(II) bromide as oxidizing reagent and Brønsted or Lewis acids as catalyst. The [3+3] annulations can be considered mechanistically as oxidizing reagent‐induced acid‐acid‐catalyzed domino reactions established through the concept of auto‐tandem catalysis. Alkyl acetoacetates, α‐(indol‐2‐yl)acetate, anilines, 1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐amine, ethyl 5‐amino‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylate, and 3‐amino‐1H‐indazole can all be used as 1,3‐bisnucleophiles in this type of transformation. The established reactions can very efficiently construct six‐membered aromatic rings, including salicylates and carbazoles. A four‐step method of synthesizing the anti‐inflammatory agent diflunisal was also developed based on the oxidative [3+3] annulation reaction, and the yield was high.magnified image
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels as a Delivery Platform for MicroRNA and Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics
Authors: Hernandez Melissa J. , Gaetani Roberto , Pieters Vera M. , Ng Nathan W. , Chang Audrey E. , Martin Taylor R. , van Ingen Eva , Mol Emma A. , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Hansen Kirk C. , Sluijter Joost P.G. , Christman Karen L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the last decade, the use of microRNA (miRNA) and extracellular vesicle (EV) therapies has emerged as an alternative approach to mitigate the negative effects of several disease pathologies ranging from cancer to tissue and organ regeneration; however, delivery approaches toward target tissues have not been optimized. To alleviate these challenges, including rapid diffusion upon injection and susceptibility to degradation, porcine‐derived decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels are examined as a potential delivery platform for miRNA and EV therapeutics. The incorporation of EVs and miRNA antagonists, including anti‐miRs and antago‐miRs, in ECM hydrogels results in a prolonged release as compared to the biologic agents alone. In addition, individual in vitro assessments confirm the bioactivity of the therapeutics upon release from the ECM hydrogels. This work demonstrates the feasibility of encapsulating miRNA and EV therapeutics in ECM hydrogels to enhance delivery and potentially efficacy in later in vivo applications.
Why Can High Charge‐Carrier Mobilities be Achieved Along π‐Conjugated Polymer Chains with Alternating Donor–Acceptor Moieties?
Authors: Brédas Jean‐Luc , Li Yuan , Sun Haitao , Zhong Cheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractImpressive charge‐carrier mobilities have been measured over the past few years for a number of well‐oriented π‐conjugated polymer chains. Intriguingly, these polymers frequently have complex chemical structures consisting of repeat units with alternating electron‐rich and electron‐poor moieties. A priori, such structures do not lend themselves to the presence of strongly dispersive valence or conduction electronic bands, which are required to achieve small charge‐carrier effective masses. Here, the factors that can lead to high carrier mobilities in the tens or even hundreds of square centimeter per volt per second are described briefly.