bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution‐Phase Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Films on 2D Material Flakes for High‐Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Tang Guanqi , You Peng , Tai Qidong , Yang Anneng , Cao Jiupeng , Zheng Fangyuan , Zhou Zhiwen , Zhao Jiong , Chan Paddy Kwok Leung , Yan Feng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe quality of perovskite films is critical to the performance of perovskite solar cells. However, it is challenging to control the crystallinity and orientation of solution‐processed perovskite films. Here, solution‐phase van der Waals epitaxy growth of MAPbI3 perovskite films on MoS2 flakes is reported. Under transmission electron microscopy, in‐plane coupling between the perovskite and the MoS2 crystal lattices is observed, leading to perovskite films with larger grain size, lower trap density, and preferential growth orientation along (110) normal to the MoS2 surface. In perovskite solar cells, when perovskite active layers are grown on MoS2 flakes coated on hole‐transport layers, the power conversion efficiency is substantially enhanced for 15%, relatively, due to the increased crystallinity of the perovskite layer and the improved hole extraction and transfer rate at the interface. This work paves a way for preparing high‐performance perovskite solar cells and other optoelectronic devices by introducing 2D materials as interfacial layers.
Spatial Mapping of Hot‐Spots at Lateral Heterogeneities in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Yasaei Poya , Murthy Akshay A. , Xu Yaobin , dos Reis Roberto , Shekhawat Gajendra S. , Dravid Vinayak P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLateral heterogeneities in atomically thin 2D materials such as in‐plane heterojunctions and grain boundaries (GBs) provide an extrinsic knob for manipulating the properties of nano‐ and optoelectronic devices and harvesting novel functionalities. However, these heterogeneities have the potential to adversely affect the performance and reliability of the 2D devices through the formation of nanoscopic hot‐spots. In this report, scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is utilized to map the spatial distribution of the temperature rise within monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) devices upon dissipating a high electrical power through a lateral interface. The results directly demonstrate that lateral heterojunctions between MoS2 and WS2 do not largely impact the distribution of heat dissipation, while GBs of MoS2 appreciably localize heating in the device. High‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that the atomic structure is nearly flawless around heterojunctions but can be quite defective near GBs. The results suggest that the interfacial atomic structure plays a crucial role in enabling uniform charge transport without inducing localized heating. Establishing such structure–property‐processing correlation provides a better understanding of lateral heterogeneities in 2D TMD systems which is crucial in the design of future all‐2D electronic circuitry with enhanced functionalities, lifetime, and performance.
Catalyst‐Selective Growth of Single‐Orientation Hexagonal Boron Nitride toward High‐Performance Atomically Thin Electric Barriers
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Dearle Alice E. , Maruyama Mina , Ogawa Yui , Okada Susumu , Hibino Hiroki , Taniyasu Yoshitaka 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ability to control the crystal orientation of 2D van der Waals (vdW) layered materials grown on large‐scale substrates is crucial for tailoring their electrical properties, as well as for integration of functional 2D devices. In general, multiple orientations, i.e., two or four orientations, appear through the crystal rotational symmetry matching between the material and its substrate. Here, it is reported that hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), an ideal electric barrier in the family of 2D materials, has a single orientation on inclined Cu (1 0 1) surfaces, where the Cu planes are tilted from the (1 0 1) facet around specific in‐plane axes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicates that this is a manifestation of only one favored h‐BN orientation with the minimum vdW energy on the inclined Cu (1 0 1) surface. Moreover, thanks to the high interfacial strength with the underlying Cu, the single‐orientation h‐BN is free of thermal wrinkles, and exhibits a spatially homogeneous morphology and tunnel conductance. The findings point to a feasible approach to direct growth of single‐orientation, wrinkle‐free h‐BN thin film for high‐performance 2D electrical devices, and will be of benefit for controllable synthesis of other vdW materials.
Demonstration of a White Laser with V2C MXene‐Based Quantum Dots
Authors: Huang Dapeng , Xie Ying , Lu Dazhi , Wang Zeyan , Wang Jiyang , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMulticolor photoluminescence over the full visible color spectrum is critical in many modern science and techniques, such as full‐color lighting, displays, biological and chemical monitoring, multiband communication, etc., but the ultimate white lasing especially on the nanoscale is still a challenge due to its exacting requirements in the balance of the gain and optical feedback at different wavelengths. Recently, 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes) have emerged, with some superior chemical, physical, and environmental properties distinguishing them from traditional 2D materials. Here, a white laser with V2C MXene quantum dots (MQDs) is originally demonstrated by constructing a broadband nonlinear random scattering system with enhanced gain. The excitation‐dependent photoluminescence of V2C MQDs is enhanced by passivation and characterized, and their localized nonlinear random scattering is realized by the generation of excitation‐power‐dependent solvent bubbles. With the optimized excitation, the blue, green, yellow, and red light is amplified and simultaneously lased. This work not only provides a kind of promising material for white lasers, but also a design strategy of novel photonics for further applications.
Responsive Amorphous Photonic Structures of Spherical/Polyhedral Colloidal Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Bai Ling , He Yuheng , Zhou Jiajing , Lim Yun , Mai Van Cuong , Chen Yonghao , Hou Shuai , Zhao Yue , Zhang Jun , Duan Hongwei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAmorphous photonic structures (APSs) with isotropic structural colors are of great promise for creating reflective full‐color displays or responsive colorimetric devices. However, there is a lack of guiding principles in developing stimuli‐responsive functional APSs, and the building blocks of APSs are still limited to spherical particles despite the increasing emergence of anisotropic functional particles. Moreover, current production of APSs, in particular high‐resolution APS patterns, is not fundamentally compatible with industrial manufacturing technologies, forming a major barrier toward their applications. Presented here is a proof‐of‐concept study on scalable fabrication of responsive APSs by colloidal assembly of spherical/polyhedral metal‐organic framework (MOF) particles on liquid‐permeable substrates. It is shown that infiltration assisted Mayer rod coating allows for rapid production of customized multicolored structural color patterns of MOF APSs by controlling liquid wetting/infiltration on the substrate with printed wax coatings. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and optical measurements reveal the structural parameters of MOF APSs such as average nearest interscattering spacing and particle packing density, theoretically relating the optical properties and responsive color shifts of MOF APSs to factors affecting their scattering profile, which provides the guideline for the development of smart APS photonic devices via a wide spectrum of colloidal particles for diverse applications.
Efficient Access to 2‐Pyrones via Carbene‐Catalyzed Oxidative [3+3] Reactions between Enals and Nitrogen Ylides
Authors: Zheng Pengcheng , Li Chengcheng , Mou Chengli , Pan Dingwu , Wu Shuquan , Xue Wei , Jin Zhichao , Chi Yonggui Robin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPyrones are important structural units in natural products and synthetic functional molecules. Here, we report a carbene‐catalyzed oxidative [3+3] cycloaddition reaction between enals and nitrogen ylides for quick access to 2‐pyrones. Inexpensive and easily prepared 2′‐pyridinium acetophenone bromide salts are used as precursors of pyridinium ylides to react with enals in our catalytic reactions.
Rapid and visual detection of berberine hydrochloride based on a water‐soluble pyrene derivative
Authors: Guo Mingwei , Li Weijie , Sun Yanan , Xu Huimin , Fan Yiling , Ma Liyan , Huang Kunlun , Yao Zhiyi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, a rapid method for the detection of berberine hydrochloride (BRH) was developed based on a water‐soluble pyrenyl probe, 8‐hydroxypyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid (HPTS). This method features low cost, good selectivity, high sensitivity and a fast response. The sensing mechanism of this probe is attributed to the formation of a complex between HPTS and BRH induced by electrostatic interaction and π–π stacking. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fluorescent sensor for BRH based on organic materials that has low cost and a visual response. The detection limit of this method was as low as 1.24 μM and the linear response range is 2–50 μM. This method also allowed rapid detection of BRH real samples.
HBV mutations in EnhII/BCP/PC region contribute to the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ge Zijun , Tian Ting , Meng Lijuan , Song Ci , Yu Chengxiao , Xu Xin , Liu Jibin , Dai Juncheng , Hu Zhibin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccompanied by HBV infection, HBV mutations gradually occur because HBV polymerase appears proofread deficiencies. In our previous study, we have identified that EnhII/BCP/PC mutations and genotype C of HBV DNA were associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. In this study, we extend our research to explore HCC prognosis associated genotype and mutations in EnhII/BCP/PC regions.MethodsWe designed a case‐cohort study of 331 HCC patients to evaluate the effects of the HBV genotypes and mutations on HCC survival. Log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazard models were used for the analyses.ResultsResults showed that genotype C, which was more frequent in HBV‐related HCC (77.4%), presented a negative signal with HCC survival. Interestingly, we detected a significant association between EnhII/BCP/PC mutation nt1753 and HCC prognosis (Log‐rank P = 0.034). Subgroup analysis revealed that this risk effect was more pronounced in non‐B genotype (P = 0.090 for heterogeneity test). We also detected a borderline multiplicative interaction between genotypes of nt1753 and HBV genotype on HCC survival (P for interaction = 0.069).ConclusionsThese findings indicated that, in Chinese population, nt1753 in EnhII/BCP/PC region might be a novel marker for HCC prognosis.
Development of Highly Selective Support for CO Hydrogenation to Light Olefins with Partially Passivated Iron Catalysts
Authors: Xing Yu , Jia Gaopeng , Liu Zhenxin , Fang Shaoming , Zhao Chenxi , Guo Xuehui , Suib Steven L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo rule out disturbances from water‐soluble efficient promoters (e. g., K2O or combination of S/Na), a simplified iron/support catalyst system was employed to investigate novel supports for the catalytic conversion of syngas (CO+H2) to light olefins (FTO). A series of supports with nominal compositions of ZnAl2O4 ⋅ xAl2O3 (x=1, 2, 3) were prepared by coprecipitation and subsequent high temperature calcination at 1200 °C for 24 h to generate partially passivated ZnAl2O4 and Al2O3 phases, through which each formed component of a catalyst may minimize interactions among them and exhibit unique activity. Iron catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness of iron salts over these supports. At a total pressure of ca. 20 bar and a CO conversion of 35 %, a catalyst with a nominal composition of 15 %Fe/85 %(ZnAl2O4 ⋅ 3Al2O3) exhibits a surprising C2=‐C4= hydrocarbon distribution of 58 %, which reaches a huge increase by almost 100 % in comparison with iron catalysts over regular supports (e. g., carbon, gamma‐Al2O3, etc.). This catalyst demonstrates the 1200 °C passivated ZnAl2O4 ⋅ 3Al2O3 as probably the most selective support material for iron‐based FTO catalysts. At CO conversion of 35 %, the contents of ethylene in C2, propylene in C3, and butylene in C4 products achieve extraordinary values of 82 %, 92 %, and 91 %, respectively.
Ni/La2O3 Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane: Insights into the Factors Improving the Catalytic Performance
Authors: Xu Luoji , Liu Wenming , Zhang Xin , Tao Lele , Xia Lianghui , Xu Xianglan , Song Junwei , Zhou Wufeng , Fang Xiuzhong , Wang Xiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo understand the structure‐reactivity relationship of Ni/La2O3, and eventually get more applicable catalysts for DRM, glycine nitrate combustion (GNC), precipitation (PP) and thermal decomposition (TD) methods have been used to prepare La2O3 supports. Although all the supports possess a hexagonal La2O3 phase, their bulk and surface properties are significantly changed. By using them as supports, the interactions between NiO/Ni and La2O3 are varied, thus achieving Ni/La2O3 catalysts with different activity, stability and anti‐coking ability, which follow the order of 5Ni/La2O3‐GNC>5Ni/La2O3‐PP>5Ni/La2O3‐TD. On La2O3 having a higher surface area, a catalyst with a higher active metallic Ni surface area can be achieved. Therefore, the interfaces between Ni and La2O2CO3 can be enlarged, which effectively facilitates the reaction between carbon deposits and the La2O2CO3 formed during the DRM, thus preventing the accumulation of both and keeping the catalyst surface clean, active and stable. In addition, the amount of surface alkaline and active oxygen sites of the reduced catalysts obey the order of 5Ni/La2O3‐GNC>5Ni/La2O3‐PP>5Ni/La2O3‐TD, which is well consistent with the reaction performance. Therefore, these two factors are also believed to be critical to decide the reaction performance. It is concluded that Ni/La2O3 catalysts with high activity, stability and potent anti‐coking ability for DRM can be achieved by preparing catalysts with high Ni dispersion.
A Reusable Cobalt Catalyst for Reversible Acceptorless Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Jaiswal Garima , Subaramanian Murugan , Sahoo Manoj K. , Balaraman Ekambaram 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe development of robust catalytic systems based on base‐metals for reversible acceptorless dehydrogenation (ADH) and hydrogenation of feedstock chemicals is very important in the context of ‘hydrogen storage’. Herein, we report a highly efficient reusable cobalt‐based heterogeneous catalyst for reversible dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of N‐heterocycles. Both the ADH and the hydrogenation processes operate under mild, benign conditions.
N‐Methylation of N‐Methylaniline with Carbon Dioxide and Molecular Hydrogen over a Heterogeneous Non‐Noble Metal Cu/TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Liu Ke , Zhao Zhenbo , Lin Weiwei , Liu Qiang , Wu Qifan , Shi Ruhui , Zhang Chao , Cheng Haiyang , Arai Masahiko , Zhao Fengyu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA non‐noble heterogeneous catalyst of Cu/TiO2 was prepared for N‐methylation of N‐methylaniline (MA) with CO2 and H2. 5 wt.–% Cu loaded TiO2 (P25) catalyst exhibited a high performance, with 82 % MA conversion and 98 % N,N‐dimethylaniline (DMA) selectivity under the reaction conditions used (4 MPa H2, 2 MPa CO2, 180 °C, 36 h). The Cu/TiO2 catalyst was more effective with respective to the total conversion and the DMA selectivity as compared to 5 wt.–% Cu loaded catalysts on CeO2, ZnO and activated carbon materials. The possible active species of Cu/TiO2 catalyst should be both Cu+ and Cu0 which contributed to the high activity as the reaction conversion increased linearly with them exposed on the surface of catalyst. Moreover, the reaction pathways involved were studied; it was likely that the reaction took place via an intermediate of formaldehyde that was formed from CO2 and H2, as confirmed by in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, then it reacted with MA to give N‐methylformanilide (MFA), and finally MFA was hydrogenated to DMA.
Ferroelectric Oxides for Solar Energy Conversion, Multi‐Source Energy Harvesting/Sensing, and Opto‐Ferroelectric Applications
Authors: Bai Yang , Jantunen Heli , Juuti Jari 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhotoferroelectrics belong to a unique material family that exhibits both photovoltaic and ferroelectric effects simultaneously. The photovoltaic effect is the only known direct method of converting light into electricity and is the basis of solar cells. The ferroelectric effect can induce piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects, which are the working principles of widely used kinetic and thermal sensors, transducers, actuators, and energy harvesters. For a long time, photoferroelectric research was restricted to theoretical investigations only because of either the wide band gap (Eg), which is not able to effectively absorb visible light, or to the weak ferroelectricity caused by a narrow Eg. Recent scientific breakthroughs, however, have opened doors for the development of practical applications. In this article, emerging concepts of creating balanced photovoltaic and ferroelectric properties for photoferroelectrics, as well as those of novel applications in future devices, are presented.
Monitoring the eradication of the highly invasive topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) using a novel eDNA assay
Authors: Robinson Chloe Victoria , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , Rolla Matteo , Consuegra Sofia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAquatic invasive species (AIS) represent an important threat for Biodiversity and are one of the factors determining the ecological integrity of water bodies under the Water Framework Directive. Eradication is one of the most effective tools for the management of invasive species but has important economic and ecological trade‐offs and its success needs to be carefully monitored. We assessed the eradication success of the topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva), an invasive fish that poses significant risks to endemic aquatic fauna, in four ponds previously treated with the piscicide Rotenone using a novel qPCR‐based environmental DNA (eDNA) assay. We validated the assay through successfully detecting DNA from topmouth gudgeon in two reservoirs with physically confirmed topmouth gudgeon populations. Topmouth gudgeon were detected in all four treated ponds using 750 ml water samples and in three of the ponds using 15 ml samples, despite the eradication treatment and lack of successful detection using conventional trapping methods. Our results highlight the difficulties of eradicating invasive fish and the need to incorporate reliable monitoring methods as part of a risk management strategy under the water framework directive (WFD).
Diabetes alters immune response patterns to acute melioidosis in humans
Authors: Kronsteiner Barbara , Chaichana Panjaporn , Sumonwiriya Manutsanun , Jenjaroen Kemajitra , Chowdhury Fazle Rabbi , Chumseng Suchintana , Teparrukkul Prapit , Limmathurotsakul Direk , Day Nicholas P.J. , Klenerman Paul , Dunachie Susanna J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious global health problem currently affecting over 450 million people worldwide. Defining its interaction with major global infections is an international public health priority. Melioidosis is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, an exemplar pathogen for studying intracellular bacterial infection in the context of DM due to the 12‐fold increased risk in this group. We characterized immune correlates of survival in peripheral blood of acute melioidosis patients with and without DM and highlight different immune response patterns. We demonstrate the importance of circulating NK cells and show that CX3CR1 expression on lymphocytes is a novel correlate of survival from acute melioidosis. Furthermore, excessive serum levels of IL‐15 and IL‐18BP contribute to poor outcome independent of DM comorbidity. CD8+ T cells and granzyme B expression in NK cells are important for survival of non‐DM patients, whereas high antibody titers against B. pseudomallei and double‐negative T cells are linked to survival of DM patients. Recall responses support a role of γδ T‐cell‐derived IFN‐γ in the establishment of protective immunity in the DM group. Defining the hallmarks of protection in people with DM is crucial for the design of new therapies and vaccines targeting this rapidly expanding risk group.
Sustainable Development Goal Integration, Interdependence, and Implementation: the Environment–Economic–Health Nexus and Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Cerf Marlon E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe sustainable development goals (SDGs) are interdependent and integrated. The SDGs aim to impact all levels of society, reach across all sectors, embrace equity, inclusion, and universality, and operate in an ecosystem. SDG 3 strives to improve health outcomes by reducing mortality, ending epidemics, preventing diseases, and implementing universal health coverage (UHC) for accessible, affordable, quality, and equitable healthcare. The available infrastructure (environment) should be supportive and sustained by a stable, growing economy (economy) to ensure the timely and reliable delivery of quality healthcare (health). A general framework is presented for the implementation of the SDGs with a focus on SDG 3 and one of its targets, UHC. The robustly aligned environment–economic–health nexus is a key determinant for the successful implementation of UHC (and the SDGs). SDG implementation presents multiple convoluted challenges at national, regional, continental, and global levels but will ultimately yield rewards. To advance UHC, a global effort is required where timely information is shared and nations partner to achieve this important global health target. Especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), the learning and sharing of experiences and knowledge are essential throughout the course of implementation. This will ensure that no nation is left behind.
Combination of agricultural waste compost and biofertilizer improves yield and enhances the sustainability of a pepper field
Authors: Yu Yi-Yang , Li Shi-Mo , Qiu Jing-Ping , Li Jian-Gang , Luo Yu-Ming , Guo Jian-Hua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractApplication of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been considered as an environmentally friendly method for crop yield promotion as well as plant disease management. Efforts have been devoted to unraveling mechanisms involved in bacteria–plant and bacteria–pathogen interactions. However, little is known on the effect of the interaction among PGPR, soil, and plant. We compared growth and yield promotion capacity of biofertilizer Ning Shield, a consortium of bacterial preparation used as a biofertilizer (BF), and its mixture with compost of agricultural waste including spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus (SSP)/Volvariella volvacea (SSV), chicken manure (CM), and inorganic fertilizer (IOF) in a pepper field, respectively. The disease control efficacy, pepper fruit preservation time, and nutrients were also determined. Soil nutrient parameters including organic matter and available NPK of treatments were assayed before and after one growth season. All of the mixture of BF+organic compost treatment significantly enhanced the yield and quality of pepper fruit. Moreover, disease control capacity was promoted by the mixture of BF+organic compost, with BF+SSV reaching the highest control efficacy of 81% on 60th day after transplanting, and remaining 76% at the 105th day. The BF+SSV treatment showed soil fertility retention ability with higher soil nutrient contents after one growth season of pepper. This study provides evidence that, when combined with organic fertilizers such as spent mushroom substrate compost, beneficial microbes have the ability to promote plant growth and yield as well as suppress plant disease by sustaining soil fertility through complex bacteria–soil–plant interaction.