bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification and operative management of malunion after midfoot injury
Authors: Zhang Ming-Zhu , Yu Guang-rong 
Published: September 2018

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: To characterize clinical treatment of the malunion after midfoot injury. Methods: 22 cases of malunion following complex midfoot injury from 2004 to 2012. They were 19 men and 3 women with mean age of 37.8. The foot deformity was categorized into 3 types and 3 subtypes, with type? indicating normal foot arch (type ?a forefoot abduction, ?b forefoot adduction and Ic forefoot normal), type? Cavus deformity (subtype is same as?), and type ? flatfoot deformity (subtype is same as?) . There were 2 cases of type?a, 4 cases of type?c, 9 cases of type?a, 4 cases of type ?a, 3 cases of type ?c in our cohort. According to the malunion typing, osteotomy, joint arthrodesis, or realignment was used to correct deformity. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by AOFAS score and VAS. Results: All the patients were followed up for average 34.7 months.The mean VAS score was 2.0 points (0-6) and mean AOFAS score was 83.9±2.3 points (73-94) at the last follow-up, giving an excellent to good rate of 81.8%. All cases obtained favorable functional outcomes without bone nonunion, except one patient who still suffered from midfoot walking discomfort 3 years after operation. Conclusion: Operative management of malunion following midfoot injury is effective and good results can only be obtained by stabilizing injured joint, realignment and recover foot arch.Our typing of the midfoot malunion is helpful in the operative treatment.
The endothelial glycocalyx anchors von Willebrand factor fibers to the vascular endothelium
Authors: Kalagara Thejaswi , Moutsis Tracy , Yang Yi , Pappelbaum Karin I. , Farken Anne , Cladder-Micus Lucia , Vidal-y-Sy Sabine , John Axel , Bauer Alexander T. , Moerschbacher Bruno M. , Schneider Stefan W. , Gorzelanny Christian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe dynamic change from a globular conformation to an elongated fiber determines the ability of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to trap platelets. Fiber formation is favored by the anchorage of VWF to the endothelial cell surface, and VWF-platelet aggregates on the endothelium contribute to inflammation, infection, and tumor progression. Although P-selectin and ανβ3-integrins may bind VWF, their precise role is unclear, and additional binding partners have been proposed. In the present study, we evaluated whether the endothelial glycocalyx anchors VWF fibers to the endothelium. Using microfluidic experiments, we showed that stabilization of the endothelial glycocalyx by chitosan oligosaccharides or overexpression of syndecan-1 (SDC-1) significantly supports the binding of VWF fibers to endothelial cells. Heparinase-mediated degradation or impaired synthesis of heparan sulfate (HS), a major component of the endothelial glycocalyx, reduces VWF fiber–dependent platelet recruitment. Molecular interaction studies using flow cytometry and live-cell fluorescence microscopy provided further evidence that VWF binds to HS linked to SDC-1. In a murine melanoma model, we found that protection of the endothelial glycocalyx through the silencing of heparanase increases the number of VWF fibers attached to the wall of tumor blood vessels. In conclusion, we identified HS chains as a relevant binding factor for VWF fibers at the endothelial cell surface in vitro and in vivo.
Migrant and refugee populations: a public health and policy perspective on a continuing global crisis
Authors: Abbas Mohamed , Aloudat Tammam , Bartolomei Javier , Carballo Manuel , Durieux-Paillard Sophie , Gabus Laure , Jablonka Alexandra , Jackson Yves , Kaojaroen Kanokporn , Koch Daniel , Martinez Esperanza , Mendelson Marc , Petrova-Benedict Roumyana , Tsiodras Sotirios , Christie Derek , Saam Mirko , Hargreaves Sally , Pittet Didier 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe 2015–2017 global migratory crisis saw unprecedented numbers of people on the move and tremendous diversity in terms of age, gender and medical requirements. This article focuses on key emerging public health issues around migrant populations and their interactions with host populations. Basic needs and rights of migrants and refugees are not always respected in regard to article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 23 of the Refugee Convention. These are populations with varying degrees of vulnerability and needs in terms of protection, security, rights, and access to healthcare. Their health status, initially conditioned by the situation at the point of origin, is often jeopardised by adverse conditions along migratory paths and in intermediate and final destination countries. Due to their condition, forcibly displaced migrants and refugees face a triple burden of non-communicable diseases, infectious diseases, and mental health issues. There are specific challenges regarding chronic infectious and neglected tropical diseases, for which awareness in host countries is imperative. Health risks in terms of susceptibility to, and dissemination of, infectious diseases are not unidirectional. The response, including the humanitarian effort, whose aim is to guarantee access to basic needs (food, water and sanitation, healthcare), is gripped with numerous challenges. Evaluation of current policy shows insufficiency regarding the provision of basic needs to migrant populations, even in the countries that do the most. Governments around the world need to rise to the occasion and adopt policies that guarantee universal health coverage, for migrants and refugees, as well as host populations, in accordance with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. An expert consultation was carried out in the form of a pre-conference workshop during the 4th International Conference on Prevention and Infection Control (ICPIC) in Geneva, Switzerland, on 20 June 2017, the United Nations World Refugee Day.
High Pregnancy, Cord Blood, and Infant Vitamin D Concentrations May Predict Slower Infant Growth
Authors: Hauta-alus Helena H , Kajantie Eero , Holmlund-Suila Elisa M , Rosendahl Jenni , Valkama Saara M , Enlund-Cerullo Maria , Helve Otto M , Hytinantti Timo K , Viljakainen Heli , Andersson Sture , Mäkitie Outi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Context
The relationship of maternal and infant 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration [25(OH)D] with infant growth is unclear.

Objective
Our objective was to explore whether 25(OH)D in pregnancy, umbilical cord blood (UCB), or in infancy was associated with infant growth.

Design
This study involved 798 healthy infants and their mothers in Finland. We assessed 25(OH)D during pregnancy, from UCB at birth, and from the infant at the age of 12 months.

Main Outcome Measures
Infant length, weight, length-adjusted weight, and head circumference at 6 and 12 months and midupper-arm circumference at 12 months.

Results
Of the mothers and infants, 96% and 99% were vitamin D sufficient [25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L], respectively. Mothers with pregnancy 25(OH)D &gt;125 nmol/L had the shortest, lightest (in weight), and thinnest (in length-adjusted weight) infants at 6 months (P for all &lt; 0.05). For each 10 nmol/L higher UCB 25(OH)D, the infants were 0.03 SD score (SDS) shorter at 6 months (95% CI −0.05 to −0.01), adjusted for birth size, infant 25(OH)D, and parental height. Higher UCB 25(OH)D associated with smaller head circumference at 6 and 12 months (P for all &lt;0.05) but attenuated after adjustments. Mothers with pregnancy 25(OH)D &gt;125 nmol/L had the thinnest infants at 12 months (P = 0.021). For each 10 nmol/L higher infant 25(OH)D, the infants were 0.03 SDS lighter (−0.05 to −0.01) and 0.03 SDS thinner (−0.05 to 0.00) at 12 months.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that high pregnancy, cord blood, and infant vitamin D concentration may have disadvantageous effects on infant growth.
Pharmacokinetics of Glucocorticoid Replacement Before and After Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: de Heide Loek J M , de Boer Hannah H R , van Borren Marcel , Emous Marloes , Aarts Edo , de Boer Hans 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Adequate glucocorticoid replacement in patients with primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency is essential to maintain general well-being. Little is known about the effects of bariatric surgery on glucocorticoid absorption. This study evaluates glucocorticoid absorption before and after bariatric surgery, with assessment of plasma cortisol profiles in five patients receiving glucocorticoid replacement therapy for primary (n = 1) or secondary (n = 4) adrenal insufficiency. One patient underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG), one a one-anastomosis gastric bypass (mini-GB), and three a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Pharmacokinetic calculations were based on plasma cortisol measurements performed during the first 6 hours after ingestion of the morning dose. Plasma cortisol profiles were very similar before and after surgery; only minor differences were observed. After SG, plasma peak cortisol concentration and cortisol area under the curve (AUC) were higher by 23% and 24%, respectively, and time to peak cortisol was 10 minutes shorter. The mini-GB had no marked effect on pharmacokinetic parameters. In the three patients who underwent RYGB, AUC changes ranged from −12% to 20%. In conclusion, in this small number of patients with adrenal insufficiency, plasma cortisol profiles were similar before and after bariatric surgery. However, in view of individual differences in response to different types of surgery, we recommend postoperative cortisol profiling to guide appropriate glucocorticoid dose adjustment.
Axial morphology and 3D neurocranial kinematics in suction-feeding fishes
Authors: Jimenez Yordano E. , Camp Ariel L. , Grindall Jonathan D. , Brainerd Elizabeth L. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTMany suction-feeding fish use neurocranial elevation to expand the buccal cavity for suction feeding, a motion necessarily accompanied by the dorsal flexion of joints in the axial skeleton. How much dorsal flexion the axial skeleton accommodates and where that dorsal flexion occurs may vary with axial skeletal morphology, body shape and the kinematics of neurocranial elevation. We measured three-dimensional neurocranial kinematics in three species with distinct body forms: laterally compressed Embiotoca lateralis, fusiform Micropterus salmoides, and dorsoventrally compressed Leptocottus armatus. The area just caudal to the neurocranium occupied by bone was 42±1.5%, 36±1.8% and 22±5.5% (mean±s.e.m.; N=3, 6, 4) in the three species, respectively, and the epaxial depth also decreased from E. lateralis to L. armatus. Maximum neurocranial elevation for each species was 11, 24 and 37°, respectively, consistent with a hypothesis that aspects of axial morphology and body shape may constrain neurocranial elevation. Mean axis of rotation position for neurocranial elevation in E. lateralis, M. salmoides and L. armatus was near the first, third and fifth intervertebral joints, respectively, leading to the hypothesis of a similar relationship with the number of intervertebral joints that flex. Although future work must test these hypotheses, our results suggest the relationships merit further inquiry.
Mice doubly deficient in Six4 and Six5 show ventral body wall defects reproducing human omphalocele
Authors: Takahashi Masanori , Tamura Masaru , Sato Shigeru , Kawakami Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Omphalocele is a human congenital anomaly in ventral body wall closure and may be caused by impaired formation of the primary abdominal wall (PAW) and/or defects in abdominal muscle development. Here, we report that mice doubly deficient in homeobox genes Six4 and Six5 showed the same ventral body wall closure defects as those seen in human omphalocele. SIX4 and SIX5 were localized in surface ectodermal cells and somatic mesoderm-derived mesenchymal and coelomic epithelial cells (CECs) in the PAW. Six4−/−;Six5−/− fetuses exhibited a large omphalocele with protrusion of both the liver and intestine, or a small omphalocele with protrusion of the intestine, with complete penetrance. The umbilical ring of Six4−/−;Six5−/− embryos was shifted anteriorly and its lateral size was larger than that of normal embryos at the E11.5 stage, before the onset of myoblast migration into the PAW. The proliferation rates of surface ectodermal cells in the left and right PAW and somatic mesoderm-derived cells in the right PAW were lower in Six4−/−;Six5−/− embryos than those of wild-type embryos at E10.5. The transition from CECs of the PAW to rounded mesothelial progenitor cells was impaired and the inner coelomic surface of the PAW was relatively smooth in Six4−/−;Six5−/− embryos at E11.25. Furthermore, Six4 overexpression in CECs of the PAW promoted ingression of CECs. Taken together, our results suggest that Six4 and Six5 are required for growth and morphological change of the PAW, and the impairment of these processes is linked to the abnormal positioning and expansion of the umbilical ring, which results in omphalocele.
Regulated reconstitution of spindle checkpoint arrest and silencing through chemically induced dimerisation in vivo
Authors: Amin Priya , Soper Ní Chafraidh Sadhbh , Leontiou Ioanna , Hardwick Kevin G. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Chemically induced dimerisation (CID) uses small molecules to control specific protein–protein interactions. We employed CID dependent on the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) to reconstitute spindle checkpoint signalling in fission yeast. The spindle checkpoint signal usually originates at unattached or inappropriately attached kinetochores. These are complex, multiprotein structures with several important functions. To bypass kinetochore complexity, we took a reductionist approach to studying checkpoint signalling. We generated a synthetic checkpoint arrest ectopically by inducing heterodimerisation of the checkpoint proteins Mph1 (the fission yeast homologue of Mps1) and Spc7 (the fission yeast homologue of KNL1). These proteins were engineered such that they cannot localise to kinetochores, and only form a complex in the presence of ABA. Using this novel assay we were able to checkpoint arrest a synchronous population of cells within 30 min of ABA addition. This assay allows detailed genetic dissection of checkpoint activation and, importantly, also provides a valuable tool for studying checkpoint silencing. To analyse silencing of the checkpoint and the ensuing mitotic exit, we simply washed out the ABA from arrested fission yeast cells. We show here that silencing is critically dependent on protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) recruitment to Mph1-Spc7 signalling platforms.
Autoimmune epilepsy: findings on MRI and FDG-PET
Authors: Guerin Julie , Watson Robert E , Carr Carrie M. , Liebo Greta B , Kotsenas Amy L 
Published: September 2018

Autoimmune epilepsy (AE) is becoming increasingly recognized as a potentially reversible cause of frequent or medically intractable seizures and cognitive deterioration. We describe various presentations of autoimmune encephalopathy which have specifically presented with seizure and describe reported imaging findings. This is organized as a review of the more common autoantibodies which can specifically precipitate seizure according to the intracellular or extracellular location of the targeted antigen. For each antibody, we illustrate their pathophysiology, characteristic clinical presentations with typical effective treatments and prognoses and imaging findings on MRI and PET/CT exams. Parenchymal involvement is variable with the limbic structures typically affected; however, non-limbic cortex, cerebellum, brainstem and basal ganglia can also be involved. In the acute setting, affected regions typically demonstrate T 2 hyperintensity with mild mass effect from edema and increased 18F-fludeoxyglucose uptake. Chronically involved parenchyma will often undergo atrophy and demonstrate decreased metabolism; mesial temporal sclerosis is often the end result when the limbic system is involved. Without treatment, long-term effects from AE range from ongoing cognitive dysfunction and refractory seizures to death. Familiarity with AE may prompt appropriate antibody screening, particularly in cases of refractory seizure disorders. Early investigation and proper management of AE cases may help to prevent parenchymal and neurologic deterioration in these patients.
Feature selection with the R package MXM
Authors: Tsagris Michail , Tsamardinos Ioannis 
Published: September 2018

Feature (or variable) selection is the process of identifying the minimal set of features with the highest predictive performance on the target variable of interest. Numerous feature selection algorithms have been developed over the years, but only few have been implemented in R as a package. The R package MXM is such an example, which not only offers a variety of feature selection algorithms, but has unique features that make it advantageous over its competitors: a) it contains feature selection algorithms that can treat numerous types of target variables, including continuous, percentages, time to event (survival), binary, nominal, ordinal, clustered, counts, left censored, etc; b) it contains a variety of regression models to plug into the feature selection algorithms; c) it includes an algorithm for detecting multiple solutions (many sets of equivalent features); and d) it includes memory efficient algorithms for high volume data, data that cannot be loaded into R. In this paper we qualitatively compare MXM with other relevant packages and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. We also provide a demonstration of its algorithms using real high-dimensional data from various applications.
Existence and non-existence results for Kirchhoff-type problems with convolution nonlinearity
Authors: Chen Sitong , Zhang Binlin , Tang Xianhua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the following Kirchhoff-type problem with convolution nonlinearity:-(a+b∫ℝ3|∇u|2dx)Δu+V(x)u=(Iα*F(u))f(u),x∈ℝ3,u∈H1(ℝ3),-\bigg{(}a+b\int_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}\lvert\nabla u|^{2}\,\mathrm{d}x\bigg{)}% \Delta u+V(x)u=(I_{\alpha}*F(u))f(u),\quad x\in{\mathbb{R}}^{3},\,u\in H^{1}(% \mathbb{R}^{3}),wherea,b>0{a,b>0},Iα:ℝ3→ℝ{I_{\alpha}\colon\mathbb{R}^{3}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}}, withα∈(0,3){\alpha\in(0,3)}, is the Riesz potential,V∈𝒞⁢(ℝ3,[0,∞)){V\in\mathcal{C}(\mathbb{R}^{3},[0,\infty))},f∈𝒞⁢(ℝ,ℝ){f\in\mathcal{C}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})}andF⁢(t)=∫0tf⁢(s)⁢ds{F(t)\kern-1.0pt=\kern-1.0pt\int_{0}^{t}f(s)\,\mathrm{d}s}. By using variational and some new analytical techniques, we prove that the above problem admits ground state solutions under mild assumptions onVandf. Moreover, we give a non-existence result. In particular, our results extend and improve the existing ones, and fill a gap in the case wheref⁢(u)=|u|q-2⁢u{f(u)=|u|^{q-2}u}, withq∈(1+α/3,2]{q\in(1+\alpha/3,2]}.
Pharaoh’s Sorcerers Revisited: A Sahidic Exodus Apocryphon (P.Lips. Inv. 2299) and the Legend of Jannes and Jambres the Magicians Between Judaism, Christianity, and Native Egyptian Tradition
Authors: Krueger Frederic 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article presents an edition of a 4th century Coptic fragment of a hitherto unknown Old Testament apocryphon that gives a non-canonical version of the events of Exodus. It offers a specifically Egyptian literary history of the legendary magicians Jannes and Jambres, which highlights the so far unappreciated dependence of their own Apocryphon on pagan Egyptian tales about magicians.
The Physical Activity Leader and Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program Effectiveness
Authors: Brusseau Timothy A. , Burns Ryan D. 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Study aim: Two thirds of children are not meeting recommended levels of physical activity. A solution to physical inactivity is Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programming (CSPAP). Little is known regarding the impact of a school’s physical activity leader on CSPAP effectiveness. Therefore, this study explored changes in physical activity accumulated during school hours in CSPAP schools being led by the physical education teacher compared to a stand-alone physical activity leader.
Land Use Pollution Potential of Water Sources Along the Southern Coast of South Africa
Authors: Malherbe Hanlie , Gebel Michael , Pauleit Stephan , Lorz Carsten 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSince the 1990’s, the groundwater quality along the southern coast of the Western Cape Province of South Africa has been affected by increasing land use activities. Groundwater resources have become increasingly important in terms of providing good quality water. Polluted coastal groundwater as a source of submarine groundwater discharge also affects the quality of coastal water. For this study, land use activities causing groundwater pollution and areas at particular risk were identified. An assessment approach linking land use/land cover, groundwater and submarine groundwater discharge on a meso-scale was developed and the methods applied to two study regions along the southern coastal area. Dryland and irrigated crop cultivation, and urbanized areas are subject to a “high” and “very high” risk of groundwater nitrogen pollution. Application of fertilizer must be revised to ensure minimal effects on groundwater. Practice of agricultural activities at locations which are not suited to the environment’s physical conditions must be reconsidered. Informal urban development may contribute to groundwater nitrogen pollution due to poor waste water disposal. Groundwater monitoring in areas at risk of nitrogen pollution is recommended. Land use activities in the submarine groundwater discharge contribution areas was not found to have major effects on coastal water.
Degree of (L, M)-Fuzzy Semi-Precontinuous and (L, M)-Fuzzy Semi-Preirresolute Functions
Authors: Al-Omeri Wadei F. , Khalil O. H. , Ghareeb A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present the degree of semi-preopenness, semi-precontinuity, and semi-preirresoluteness for functions in (L, M)-fuzzy pretopology with the help of implication operation and (L, M)-fuzzy semi-preopen operator introduced by [Ghareeb A., L-fuzzy semi-preopen operator in L-fuzzy topological spaces, Neural Comput. & Appl., 2012, 21, 87-92]. Further, we generalize the properties of semi-preopenness, semi-precontinuity and semi-preirresoluteness to (L, M)-fuzzy pretopological setting relying on graded concepts. Also, we discuss their relationships with the corresponding degrees of semiprecompactness, semi-preconnectedness and semi-preseparation axioms.
New Challenges in HIV Research: Combining Phylogenetic Cluster Size and Epidemiological Data
Authors: Parveen Nabila , Moodie Erica E. M. , Cox Joseph , Lambert Gilles , Otis Joanne , Roger Michel , Brenner Bluma 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
An exciting new direction in HIV research is centered on using molecular phylogenetics to understand the social and behavioral drivers of HIV transmission. SPOT was an intervention designed to offer HIV point of care testing to men who have sex with men at a community-based site in Montreal, Canada; at the time of testing, a research questionnaire was also deployed to collect data on socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of participating men. The men taking part in SPOT could be viewed, from the research perspective, as having been recruited via a convenience sample. Among men who were found to be HIV positive, phylogenetic cluster size was measured using a large cohort of HIV-positive individuals in the province of Quebec. The cluster size is likely subject to under-estimation. In this paper, we use SPOT data to evaluate the association between HIV transmission cluster size and the number of sex partners for MSM, after adjusting for the SPOT sampling scheme and correcting for measurement error in cluster size by leveraging external data sources. The sampling weights for SPOT participants were calculated from another study of men who have sex with men in Montreal by fitting a weight-adjusted model, whereas measurement error was corrected using the simulation-extrapolation conditional on covariates approach.