bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastic plate osteosynthesis of femoral shaft fractures in young dogs
Authors: Cabassu Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe outcome of femoral fracture repair in young growing dogs using the principle of elastic osteosynthesis was evaluated in a retrospective clinical trial. Unilateral fractures in twenty four dogs, in the first phase of their growth, were repaired with a Veterinary Cuttable Plate (VCP). The plates were applied according to the principles of bridge plating. They were fixed with two screws at each end, positioned as far as possible from the fracture site, leaving a flexible segment between them.The plates contained between seven and 20 holes. The dogs soon used their treated limb and callus was often complete by four weeks. The plates were removed in 18 cases. A very good outcome was recorded in 21 dogs, one dog ran away after two months at which time the owner reported an excellent gait, one dog died of an unrelated problem and one other dog exhibited slight lameness which was attributed to stifle problems. In all of the cases the growing diaphysis was apparently undisturbed. It was concluded that adequate fixation of the fractures was achieved and conditions for rapid bone union was created.The successful use of Veterinary Cuttable Plates, VCP, for the treatment of fractured femurs in immature dogs, is reported
A modified Bell-Tawse Proceduter for surgical correction of congenital elbow luxation in a Dalmatian puppy
Authors: Romagnoli N. , Venturini A. , Spadari A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA four month old Dalmatian puppy affected by congenital luxation of the radial head was very lame on the right front limb and was not weight bearing after little exercise. The radiological examination revealed humero-radial articular incongruity, excessive humeral trochlea development, trochlear notch deformation, and medial deviation of the olecranon. The surgery performed was derived from a modification of a human orthopaedic procedure, the Bell-Tawse technique. It was intended to increase the articular contact surface between the humerus and radius, with ostectomy, rotation, and osteosynthesis of the radius; to treat the luxation, by reduction and elbow annular ligament reconstruction; to prevent its recurrence, by means of a Kirschner pin inserted through the lateral humeral epicondyle to the radial head. Over six months the patient completely recovered.A congenital luxation of the radial head in a puppy was treated successfully employing a technique reported in human orthopaedics.
A novel technique of taking tendon biopsies in the horse
Authors: Becker C. K. , Enzerink E. , Spek E. R. , Van Weeren P. R. , Cherdchutham W. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo evaluate a novel tendon biopsy technique for use in the horse and to assess the effect of different exercise levels on the healing process of minimally damaged superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT), 24 Dutch Warmblood foals were randomly divided into 3 equally sized groups one week after birth. One group was box rested, one group got box rest with additional enforced exercise, and one group got free pasture exercise. Biopsies from the peripheral region of the SDFT were taken at age 2 months using a new micro-biopsy technique. At age 5 months the foals were euthanized and samples from the biopsy site and a control site were harvested. Collagen fibrillar index (CFI, the total amount of collagen as a percentage of the measured area), mass-average diameter (MAvD, mean of the diameter versus area distribution) and collagen fibrillar diameter frequency (the distribution of collagen fibril sizes expressed as a percentage of the number of collagen fibrils) were calculated. The CFI, MAvD values were significantly lower in the wound samples. It is concluded that the biopsy technique may be a useful tool for research applications. The absence of exercise-induced effects on the collagen fibril population in the wound samples suggests that the first phase of the process of tendon healing in immature equine SDFT’s sustaining a minor surgically-induced wound, is not exercise-dependent. However, findings may be different in mature horses sustaining accidental trauma.A novel technique to take biopsies from immature equine flexor tendons was developed and used to evaluate the effect of various levels of exercise on the development of the collagen fibril diameter distribution in the resulting wounds. The technique appeared to be minimally invasive, but complication rate was deemed too high for clinical use. There was no effect of exercise on mass average diameter of collagen fibrils, suggesting that the repair process, at least in its initial stage, is exercise-independent.
Central tarsal bone luxation in three non-racing dogs
Authors: Grösslinger K. , Lorinson D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryEach of three adult crossbreed dogs suffered a hock injury during regular exercise. A non-weight-bearing lameness and a soft tissue swelling around the tarsus were present in all of them. Additionally dog # 1 on palpation of the calcaneus region exhibited crepitous. Radiographs showed luxation of the central tarsal bone in all three of the animals. Dog # 1 also had a fracture of the calcaneus. Surgical treatment was performed on all of the cases, via a medial surgical approach. The luxated bone was repositioned and attached to the adjacent 4th tarsal bone with a 3.5 mm countersunk lag-screw. The fracture of the calcaneus was stabilized with a 2.7 mm five hole AO-plate. Postoperatively the injured limbs were immobilized with a cast for four to six weeks and exercise was restricted. After cast removal, all of the dogs received physiotherapy. All three hocks regained full function and owners reported normal activity.The successful treatment of central tarsal bone luxation in three non-racing dogs is reported.
Sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of the pastern joint during the stance phase of the trot
Authors: Singleton W. H. , Lanovaz J. L. , Prades Marta , Clayton Hilary M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe objectives were to measure sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of the forelimb pastern joint during the stance phase at the trot. Sagittal plane video (200 Hz) and force (1,000 Hz) recordings were analyzed from four trials of six sound horses trotting in hand. Kinematic and force data were used to calculate net joint moments and joint powers. The pastern joint showed maximal flexion (155.3 ± 11.0°) at 34% stance and maximal extension (190.2 ± 3.8°) at 93% stance. Energy was absorbed on the palmar aspect throughout stance, with peak energy absorption occurring in the second half of the stance. It was concluded that the primary function of the pastern joint was to act as an energy damper.
The use of the computed tomography in the diagnostic protocol of the elbow in the dog: 24 joints
Authors: Biasibetti Martina , Schumacher Annette , Fabiani Michelle , Rovesti Gian 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe evaluation of the elbow joint is difficult based on clinical and radiographic examinations. The anatomical structures of its articular components are superimposed with standard radiography, often leading to presumptive diagnoses. When the radiographic findings become more suggestive, usually the early phase of the disease has passed and chronic disease has developed. Because computer-generated slices are not hindered by this superimposition, the use of computed tomography may be beneficial in investigating the joint. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if computed tomography could change or better define the diagnosis previously made on the basis of a radiographic examination in 12 client- owned dogs presented for elbow lameness. As a positive control, 12 out of the 24 imaged joints were surgically or arthroscopically explored. The diagnosis based on computed tomography was different or more precisely defined, compared to the radiographic examination, in 46% of the examined joints. Earlier and more complete definition of elbow joint disease may change the therapeutic options and, potentially, the clinical outcome.
Clinical evaluation of denervation of the canine hip joint capsule: a retrospective study of 117 dogs
Authors: Von Scheven C. , Buecker A. , Stopinski T. , Küpper W. , Kinzel S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIt was the aim of this study to evaluate denervation of the canine hip joint capsule as a newly developed surgical method for treatment of hip joint dysplasia and arthrosis of dogs. Denervation by surgical deperiostation of the cranio-lateral acetabulum is the presumed mechanism. We performed the denervation in 117 cases between 1997 and 1999. Clinical evaluation was documented by physical examination by a veterinarian immediately before and two months after the operation and a questionnaire completed by the dog owners. 90.6% of the patients showed an improvement of the clinical signs yielding a significant treatment effect (p <0.0001). 50.4% were even completely free of signs. 56% of the patients showed a clinical improvement within the first three days after surgery. We, therefore, conclude that denervation of the canine hip joint capsule is a successful surgical method for treatment of canine hip joint dysplasia and arthrosis.
Fracture of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus in a dog
Authors: Carmichael S. , Clements D. N. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis case report describes a traumatic fracture of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus in a one-year-old dog. Conservative management failed to allow healing, and pronounced medial instability of the shoulder and partial rupture of the biceps brachii tendon developed. Tenodesis of the biceps brachii tendon and repair of the fractured lesser tuberosity by lag screw fixation resulted in a complete recovery of limb function.
Aneurysmal bone cyst in the distal radius of a dog: diagnostic imaging and surgical treatment
Authors: Dowdle S.M. , Lambrechts N.E. , Duncan N.M. , Spotswood T.C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAn 11 month old, female Golden Retriever was examined for chronic right thoracic limb lameness and progressive swelling of the distal radius. Survey radiographs revealed an expansile, osteolytic lesion in the distal metaphyseal region of the radius consistent with an aneurismal bone cyst. Diagnostic imaging, biopsy, angiography and histopathology supported this diagnosis. The condition was treated by segmental osteotomy of the affected radius, placement of a vascularized autogenous bone graft harvested from the contralateral ulna, and stabilized using a plate that incorporated the carpal joint. The pathogenesis, diagnostic dilemmas and treatment options in dogs and human patients is discussed.
The SK™ external fixation system: description of components, instrumentation, and application techniques
Authors: Bronson D. G. , Ross D. , Welch R. D. , Toombs J. P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe SK™ external fixator was designed to overcome the problems commonly encountered with clinical use of the Kirschner-Ehmer (KE) splint. It enables the use of a range of different fixation pin diameters within a construct, improved pin centering within the bone, increased flexibility in frame construction and disassembly, and a decreased need for the use of full-pins to achieve fracture stabilization. The SK™ external fixator is available in three sizes: mini, small, and large. This report describes the components of the SK™ ESF system, the instrumentation needed to apply it, and the recommended application techniques.
Interlocking Nail Stabilisation of Humeral Fractures. Initial Experience in Seven Clinical Cases
Authors: Diaz M.C. , Morales I. , Durall I. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySeven cases of fracture of the humerus were stabilised by interlocking nailing. In six cases fixation was static, and in one dynamic. Healing of the fractures took place within a maximum of 16 weeks and return of functionality was complete within three weeks, with the exception of one case. The complications were: failure to insert the screws in the nail, partial loosening of a screw, and production of a new fracture at the distal end of the nail in the case with dynamic fixation.Seven humeral fractures were stabilised by interlocking nailing. Healing of bone took place in six cases.The complications involved were: failure to insert screws in the nail, loosening of the screws, and production of a fresh fracture at the distal end of the nail.
Remodeling of Cancellous and Cortical Canine Bone in Response to Decreased Mechanical Loading
Authors: Kamibayashi L. , Hearn T. , Taves C. , Thomason J. J. , Binnington A. G. , Pfeiffer S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThirteen pairs of tibiae were excised from adult mongrel dogs following a mean recovery period of 24.2 weeks after unilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA). Prior to euthanasia, peak vertical dynamic load, as a percent of body weight, was determined for each limb at a walking pace. Four contiguous proximal sections and one transverse cortical midshaft section, 5mm thick, were harvested from each tibia. Contact Faxitron radiographs of the sections were quantified, using video digitizing software, to compare mean apparent density measures between the treated (THA) and intact limbs. There was a significant difference in mean apparent density of cancellous bone with the treated limb having a lower apparent density than the intact limb. The mean cortical area at the midshaft was significantly lower and the medullary area significantly higher among tibiae from the treated side, as compared to the contra-lateral tibiae. Resistance to bending and tension at the midshaft of each bone were determined using the second moment of area about cranio-caudal (Ix) and mediolateral (Iy) axes. The mean Iy values for the treated limbs were significantly lower than for the intact limbs. Therefore, measurable adaptive bone remodeling appears to be present in both cancellous and cortical bone in the tibia due to decreased mechanical loading.
Interfragmentary Stability Influences Healing of Intra-articular Fractures. A Radiographic Study of Canine Femoral Condyle Fractures Repaired with Lag Screws
Authors: Francis D. J. , Johnson K. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe influence of fracture stability on the healing of intra-articular fractures of canine medial femoral condyles repaired with lag screws was evaluated radiographically and at necropsy. In 14 dogs, one condylar fracture was repaired with stable interfragmentary compression using two 4.0 mm cancellous lag screws. In the contralateral stifle, the condylar fracture was apposed with a single 4.0 mm cancellous lag screw so that the bone fragments were unstable and had interfragmentary motion. In a control group (n = 4), an arthrotomy was performed and a lag screw inserted without creating a fracture in one stifle. In the contralateral stifle, a condylar fracture was created and not repaired.Radiographically stable fracture gaps were slightly wider at one month than immediately post repair, but at two and three months were healed completely. Unstable fractures remained incompletely healed at one, two and three months. Osteophytes were detectable radiographically at three months. Unrepaired fractures remained completely unhealed and these joints had severe osteophyte formation at one month. At necropsy, all joints with intra-articular fractures had some osteophytes and erosion of the medial tibial plateau articular cartilage. It was concluded that interfragmentary compression was a critical factor in fracture healing and that lack of stability caused delayed union, osteophyte development and cartilage erosion.A model was developed to permit the study of the healing of both stable and unstable condyle repair.
Analysis of Vocal Tract Characteristics for Near-term Suicidal Risk Assessment
Authors: Ozdas A. , Wilkes D. M. , Silverman M. K. , Silverman S. E. , Shiavi R. G. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
Among the many clinical decisions that psychiatrists must make, assessment of a patient’s risk of committing suicide is definitely among the most important, complex and demanding. One of the authors reviewing his clinical experience observed that successful predictions of suicidality were often based on the patient’s voice independent of content. The voices of suicidal patients exhibited unique qualities, which distinguished them from non-suicidal patients. In this study we investigated the discriminating power of lower order mel-cepstral coefficients among suicidal, major depressed, and non-suicidal patients.

Methods:
Our sample consisted of 10 near-term suicidal patients, 10 major depressed patients, and 10 non-depressed control subjects. Gaussian mixtures were employed to model the class distributions of the extracted features.

Results and Conclusions:
As a result of two-sample ML classification analyses, first four mel-cepstral coefficients yielded exceptional classification performance with correct classification scores of 80% between near-term suicidal patients and non-depressed controls, 75% between depressed patients and non-depressed controls, and 80% between near-term suicidal patients and depressed patients.
ECG Analysis for Sleep Apnea Detection
Authors: von Einem V. , Widiger B. , Joseph G. , Zywietz C. W. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
The objective of our study was to find out whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be detected on ECGs recorded during sleep.

Methods:
We have analyzed 70 eight-hour single-channel ECG recordings taken at polysomnographia. The 70 data sets were annotated for definition of regular sleep and phases with sleep apnea. From the 70 data sets, 35 have been used as a learning set. Our analysis is based on spectral components of heart rate variability. Frequency analysis was performed using Fourier and wavelet transformation with appropriate application of the Hilbert transform. Classification is based on four frequency bands: ULF band (0-0.013 Hz), VLF band (0.013-0.0375 Hz), LF band (0.0375-0.06 Hz) and the HF band (0.17-0.28 Hz). Linear discriminant functions were applied using mainly spectral components derived from the records. Classification of cases was based on three variables.

Results:
For the Testing Set, a sensitivity (Se) for apnea of 92.3% at a specificity (Sp) of 94.6% was achieved. For the minutes allocation on the Learning Set Se was 90.8% at Sp 92.7%.

Conclusion:
ECG analysis is useful for the detection of sleep apnea and may help to differentiate causes of cardiac arrhythmias.
Independent Component Analysis Compared to Laplacian Filtering as ”Deblurring” Techniques for Event Related Desynchronization/ Synchronization
Authors: Bianchi A. M. , Cincotti F. , Babiloni C. , Carducci F. , Babiloni F. , Rossini P. M. , Cerutti S. , Foffani G. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
The aim of the work was to compare two different approaches – one model-dependent, the other data-dependent – for “deblurring” EEG data, in order to improve the estimation of Event-Related Desynchronization/Synchronization.

Methods:
Realistic Surface Laplacian filtering (SL) and Infomax Independent Component Analysis (ICA) were applied on multivariate scalp EEG signals (SL: 128 electrodes with MRI-based realistic modeling; ICA: a subset of 19 electrodes, no MRI) prior to beta Event Related Synchronization (ERS) estimation after finger movement in 8 normal subjects. ERS estimation was performed using standard band-pass filtering. ERS peak amplitudes and latencies in the most responsive channel were calculated and the effect of the two methods above was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Sheffe’s test.

Results:
Both methods and their combination significantly improved ERS estimation (greater ERS peak amplitude, p <0.05). The results obtained after ICA on 19 electrodes were not significantly different than the ones obtained with Realistic SL using 128 electrodes and MRI for scalp modeling (p >0.89).

Conclusions:
The “low cost” of ICA (19 electrodes, no MRI) imposes such method as a valid alternative to SL filtering. The employ of ICA after SL filtering suggests that the “ideal EEG deblurring method” would unify the two approaches, depending on both the scalp model and the data.
EEG Deblurring Techniques in a Clinical Context
Authors: Cincotti F. , Babiloni C. , Miniussi C. , Carducci F. , Moretti D. , Salinari S. , Pascual-Marqui R. , Rossini P. M. , Babiloni F. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
EEG scalp potential distributions recorded in humans are affected by low spatial resolution and by the dependence on the electrical reference used. High resolution EEG technologies are available to drastically increase the spatial resolution of the raw EEG. Such technologies include the computation of surface Laplacian (SL) of the recorded potentials, as well as the use of realistic head models to estimate the cortical sources via linear inverse procedure (low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography, LORETA). However, these deblurring procedures are generally used in conjunction with EEG recordings with 64-128 scalp electrodes and with realistic head models obtained via sequential magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the subjects. Such recording setup it is not often available in the clinical context, due to both the unavailability of these technologies and the scarce compliance of the patients with them. In this study we addressed the use of SL and LORETA deblurring techniques to analyze data from a standard 10-20 system (19 electrodes) in a group of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients.

Methods:
EEG data related to unilateral finger movements were gathered from 10 patients affected by AD. SL and LORETA techniques were applied for source estimation of EEG data. The use of MRIs for the construction of head models was avoided by using the quasi-realistic head model of the Brain Imaging Neurology Institute of Montreal.

Results:
A similar cortical activity estimated by the SL and LORETA techniques was observed during an identical time period of the acquired EEG data in the examined population.

Conclusions:
The results of the present study suggest that both SL and LORETA approaches can be usefully applied in the clinical context, by using quasi-realistic head modeling and a standard 10-20 system as electrode montage (19 electrodes). These results represent a reciprocal cross-validation of the two mathematically independent techniques in a clinical environment.
Hydrophobicity Analysis of Protein Primary Structures to Identify Helical Regions
Authors: Cerutti S. , Pattini L. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
A wavelet based approach for the hydrophobicity analysis of protein primary structures is proposed to predict the presence of alpha helices in the secondary structure.

Methods:
The information about hydropathy profile periodicity content together with a score of probability of occurrence of a single amino acid allows the localization of alpha helices.

Results:
The accuracy is comparable to other consolidated predictors based on different techniques (i.e.: neural networks, hidden markov models).

Conclusion:
This method is particularly suitable to capture the amphiphilic character of the helical structures.