bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox equilibrium of serum apolipoprotein E3: a buffering effect of disulfide-linked complexes against oxidative stress on apolipoprotein E3–containing lipoproteins
Authors: Yamauchi Kazuyoshi , Iwasaki Shio , Kawakami Yasushi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Reversible redox modification of cysteine thiols is crucial for protecting proteins from irreversible detrimental change. However, the physiological significance of the redox modification of apolipoprotein (apo) E is unclear. Here, we hypothesized that the disulfide-linked complexes of apoE3 corresponding to the representative reversible-modified apoE3 play a protective role against oxidative stress. The effects of disulfide bond formation on oxidative stress on apoE3 were evaluated with a band-shift assay. Maleimide-labeled apoE3 and unlabeled apoE3 were defined as the reduced (r)-apoE3 and non-reduced (nr)-apoE3 forms, respectively. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation decreased for reduced-form apoE (r-apoE3) but increased for nr-apoE3. Induction of apoE3-AII complex formation with excess of apoAII markedly suppressed the oxidative stress-induced increase in nr-apoE3 (P&lt;0.001) and enhanced homodimer formation. The apoE3-AII complex was more dominant in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) than in very low-density lipoprotein. Under oxidative stress, HDL showed a significant decrease, rather than an increase, in nr-apoE3 levels with a concomitant significant increase in apoE3-AII levels (P&lt;0.005). This finding suggests that the majority of nr-apoE3 in HDL exists in a reversible oxidized form. The apoE3-AII complex, formed from the reversible oxidized apoE3, is beneficial for maintaining the redox equilibrium of apoE3 by preventing the modification of apoE3 to its irreversible oxidized form. The apoE3-AII complex may be possibly implicated in the pathophysiology of various apoE-related diseases.
Identification of the Spectrotemporal Modulations That Support Speech Intelligibility in Hearing-Impaired and Normal-Hearing Listeners
Authors: Venezia Jonathan H. , Martin Allison-Graham , Hickok Gregory , Richards Virginia M. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Age-related sensorineural hearing loss can dramatically affect speech recognition performance due to reduced audibility and suprathreshold distortion of spectrotemporal information. Normal aging produces changes within the central auditory system that impose further distortions. The goal of this study was to characterize the effects of aging and hearing loss on perceptual representations of speech.

Method
We asked whether speech intelligibility is supported by different patterns of spectrotemporal modulations (STMs) in older listeners compared to young normal-hearing listeners. We recruited 3 groups of participants: 20 older hearing-impaired (OHI) listeners, 19 age-matched normal-hearing listeners, and 10 young normal-hearing (YNH) listeners. Listeners performed a speech recognition task in which randomly selected regions of the speech STM spectrum were revealed from trial to trial. The overall amount of STM information was varied using an up–down staircase to hold performance at 50% correct. Ordinal regression was used to estimate weights showing which regions of the STM spectrum were associated with good performance (a “classification image” or CImg).

Results
The results indicated that (a) large-scale CImg patterns did not differ between the 3 groups; (b) weights in a small region of the CImg decreased systematically as hearing loss increased; (c) CImgs were also nonsystematically distorted in OHI listeners, and the magnitude of this distortion predicted speech recognition performance even after accounting for audibility; and (d) YNH listeners performed better overall than the older groups.

Conclusion
We conclude that OHI/older normal-hearing listeners rely on the same speech STMs as YNH listeners but encode this information less efficiently.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7859981
Retrieval-Based Word Learning in Young Typically Developing Children and Children With Developmental Language Disorder I: The Benefits of Repeated Retrieval
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. , Karpicke Jeffrey , Deevy Patricia , Weber Christine , Christ Sharon , Haebig Eileen , Souto Sofía , Kueser Justin B. , Krok Windi 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Scholars have long noted that retention improves significantly when learners frequently test themselves on the new material rather than engage in continuous study with no intermittent testing. In this study, we apply the notion of repeated testing or retrieval to the process of word learning in preschool-age children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD).

Method

Novel words and their meanings were taught to 10 children with DLD and 10 typically developing (TD) children matched on age (DLD,
M
= 63.4 months; TD,
M
= 63.2 months). Recall was assessed immediately after the 2nd learning session and then again 1 week later.

Results
Both groups showed better retention when they had attempted to retrieve the words during the learning period than when they had simply listened to and studied the words paired with their referents. Relative to their TD peers, the children with DLD seemed to be weaker in their encoding, but these children's retention over a 1-week period was indistinguishable from that of their age mates.

Conclusion
Word learning activities that include opportunities for repeated retrieval appear to significantly benefit retention relative to more traditional word learning activities.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7927046
Series LC DC circuit breaker
Authors: Jovcic Dragan 
Published: April 2019

The article proposes a mechanical DC circuit breaker (CB) based on a series LC circuit. It requires two switches (a fast disconnector and an AC circuit breaker), an inductor and a capacitor, and therefore the cost is expected to be low. A series LC circuit is analysed and it is concluded that fault current will always have natural zero‐current crossings which enable use of simple AC CBs. The current commutation into a capacitor is investigated since this is important for successful operation. A number of analytical conditions are derived for the voltage stress across disconnector contacts which enable arc‐less contact opening. Experimental results on a 900 V laboratory prototype LC DC CB illustrate successful DC fault clearing, with commutation of 130 A and peak DC current of 190 A. A detailed PSCAD model for 320 kV LC DC CB is developed and DC fault clearing is evaluated in order to understand the possible benefit for high‐voltage direct current applications. Further comparisons with the commercialised hybrid DC CB and mechanical DC CB on 320 kV system illustrate some benefits in terms of performance and simplicity. The mechanical LC DC CB operates very fast because of early capacitor insertion, and this results in low peak current and energy dissipation.
Modelling of Mg II lines in solar prominences
Authors: Levens P. J. , Labrosse N. 
Published: April 2019

Context. Observations of the Mg II h and k lines in solar prominences with IRIS reveal a wide range of line shapes from simple non-reversed profiles to typical double-peaked reversed profiles, and with many other possible complex line shapes. The physical conditions responsible for this variety are not well understood.
Aims. Our aim is to understand how physical conditions inside a prominence slab influence shapes and properties of emergent Mg II line profiles.
Methods. We compute the spectrum of Mg II lines using a one-dimensional non-LTE radiative transfer code for two large grids of model atmospheres (isothermal isobaric, and with a transition region).
Results. The influence of the plasma parameters on the emergent spectrum is discussed in detail. Our results agree with previous studies. We present several dependencies between observables and prominence parameters which will help with the interpretation of observations. A comparison with known limits of observed line parameters suggests that most observed prominences emitting in Mg II h and k lines are cold, low-pressure, and optically thick structures. Our results indicate that there are good correlations between the Mg II k line intensities and the intensities of hydrogen lines, and the emission measure.
Conclusions. One-dimensional non-LTE radiative transfer codes allow us to understand the main characteristics of the Mg II h and k line profiles in solar prominences, but more advanced codes will be necessary for detailed comparisons.
New wavelength calibration of the HARPS spectrograph
Authors: Coffinet A. , Lovis C. , Dumusque X. , Pepe F. 
Published: April 2019

Context. Doppler spectroscopy has been used in astronomy for more than 150 yr. In particular, it has permitted us to detect hundreds of exoplanets over the past 20 yr, and the goal today of detecting Earth-like planets requires a precision around 0.1 m s−1 or better. Doppler spectroscopy has also been and will be of major importance for other studies such as the variability of fundamental constants and cosmological studies. For all these applications, it is crucial to have the best possible wavelength calibration. Despite the fact that the HARPS spectrograph has been operational at the 3.6-m ESO telescope for more than 15 yr, and that it provides among the most precise Doppler measurements, improvements are still possible. One known problem, for instance, is the non-fully regular block-stitching of the charge-coupled devices (CCDs), which in some cases introduces one-year period parasitic signals in the measured radial velocity.
Aims. The aim of the presented work is to improve the wavelength calibration of the HARPS spectrograph to push further its planet-detection capabilities.
Methods. The properties of the CCD stitching-induced pixel-size anomalies were determined with light-emitting-diode (LED) flat-field frames, and then a physical, gap-corrected map of the CCDs is used for the fitting model of the spectral orders. We also used a new thorium line list, based on much higher-accuracy measurements than the one used up to now. We derive new wavelength solutions for the 15 yr of HARPS data, both before and after the fibre upgrade that took place in 2015.
Results. We demonstrate that we do indeed correct the gap anomalies by computing the wavelength solutions of laser frequency comb exposures, known to have a very low dispersion, both with and without taking the gap correction into account. By comparing the rms of the most stable stars of the HARPS sample, we show that we globally decrease the radial velocity (RV) dispersion of the data, especially for the data acquired after the change of fibres of 2015. Finally, the comparative analysis of several individual systems shows that we manage to attenuate the periodogram power at one year in most cases. The analysis of the RVs derived from individual stellar lines also shows that we indeed correct the stitching-induced RV variation.
Conclusions. This improved calibration of the HARPS spectrograph allows to go deeper in the search for low-amplitude radial-velocity signals. This new calibration process will be further improved by combining the thorium calibration spectra with laser frequency comb and Fabry–Perot calibration spectra, and this will not only be used for HARPS but notably also for HARPS-N and the new ESPRESSO spectrograph.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: The inner disc, intermediate-age open cluster Pismis 18
Authors: Hatzidimitriou D. , Held E. V. , Tognelli E. , Bragaglia A. , Magrini L. , Bravi L. , Gazeas K. , Dapergolas A. , Drazdauskas A. , Delgado-Mena E. , Friel E. D. , Minkevičiūtė R. , Sordo R. , Tautvaišienė G. , Gilmore G. , Randich S. , Feltzing S. , Vallenari A. , Alfaro E. J. , Flaccomio E. , Lanzafame A. C. , Pancino E. , Smiljanic R. , Bayo A. , Bergemann M. , Carraro G. , Casey A. R. , Costado M. T. , Damiani F. , Franciosini E. , Gonneau A. , Jofré P. , Lewis J. , Monaco L. , Morbidelli L. , Worley C. C. , Zaggia S. 
Published: April 2019

Context. Pismis 18 is a moderately populated, intermediate-age open cluster located within the solar circle at a Galactocentric distance of about seven kpc. Few open clusters have been studied in detail in the inner disc region before the Gaia-ESO Survey.
Aims. New data from the Gaia-ESO Survey allowed us to conduct an extended radial velocity membership study as well as spectroscopic metallicity and detailed chemical abundance measurements for this cluster.
Methods. Gaia-ESO Survey data for 142 potential members, lying on the upper main sequence and on the red clump, yielded radial velocity measurements, which, together with proper motion measurements from the Gaia Second Data Release (Gaia DR2), were used to determine the systemic velocity of the cluster and membership of individual stars. Photometry from Gaia DR2 was used to re-determine cluster parameters based on high confidence member stars only. Cluster abundance measurements of six radial-velocity member stars with UVES high-resolution spectroscopy are presented for 23 elements.
Results. The average radial velocity of 26 high confidence members is −27.5 ± 2.5 (std) km s−1 with an average proper motion of pmra = −5.65 ± 0.08 (std) mas yr−1 and pmdec = −2.29 ± 0.11 (std) mas yr−1. According to the new estimates, based on high confidence members, Pismis 18 has an age of τ = 700+40−50 Myr, interstellar reddening of E(B − V) = 0.562+0.012−0.026 mag and a de-reddened distance modulus of DM0 = 11.96+0.10−0.24 mag. The median metallicity of the cluster (using the six UVES stars) is [Fe/H] = +0.23 ± 0.05 dex, with [α/Fe] = 0.07 ± 0.13 and a slight enhancement of s- and r-neutron-capture elements.
Conclusions. With the present work, we fully characterized the open cluster Pismis 18. We confirmed its present location in the inner disc. We estimated a younger age than the previous literature values and we gave, for the first time, its metallicity and its detailed abundances. Its [α/Fe] and [s-process/Fe], both slightly super-solar, are in agreement with other inner-disc open clusters observed by the Gaia-ESO survey.
E-Sport
Authors: Spitzer Manfred 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDas organisierte Spielen von Video- und Computerspielen wird als E-Sport bezeichnet. Es gibt Bemühungen, den E-Sport dem Sport gleichzustellen und damit dessen Gemeinnützigkeit anzuerkennen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird oft die Frage diskutiert, ob E-Sport als Sport gelten könne. Da Sport selbst jedoch nicht definiert ist, führt diese Diskussion in die Irre. E-Sport kann nicht gemeinnützig sein, weil er bei jungen Menschen zu Gesundheitsschäden und zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Bildungskarriere führt sowie die falschen gesellschaftlichen Werte (Gewalt, Anarchie, Sexismus) transportiert. Die Verlockungen eines Milliardenmarktes dürfen nicht dazu führen, dass wir die monetäre Ausbeutung vor allem junger Menschen zu deren Schaden mit Steuermitteln fördern.
Ultrasonography of the Lung
Authors: Radzina Maija , Biederer Jürgen 
Published: April 2019

Background High diagnostic accuracy, increasing clinical experience and technical improvements are good reasons to consider lung ultrasound (US) for the assessment of pleural and pulmonary diseases. In the emergency room and in intensive care, it is well acknowledged, but application in other settings is rare. The aim of this review is to update potential users in general radiology about the diagnostic scope of lung US and to encourage more frequent use of this generally underestimated lung imaging modality.
Method Literature review was done independently by the two authors in MEDLINE (via PubMed) covering a time span from 2002 until 2017 using free text and Medical Subject Headings/MeSH. Article selection for the bibliography was based on consensus according to relevance and evidence.
Results and Conclusion The technical prerequisites include a standard ultrasound unit with a suitable transducer. Pleural effusion and pneumothorax, atelectasis, interstitial edema, pneumonia, exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma and pulmonary embolism can be distinguished by particular ultrasound signs, artifacts and their combinations. A highly standardized selection of access points and terminology for the description of imaging findings contributes to high diagnostic accuracy even in challenging patients and settings. Besides the assessment of acute respiratory failure in the emergency room, lung US may be used for monitoring interstitial fluid accumulation in volume therapy and for the diagnosis of pneumonia or the assessment of pleural effusion and pleurisy in a routine outpatient setting. Last but not least, the increasing concerns about medical radiation exposure warrant a more extensive use of this sometimes underestimated modality as a cost-, time- and radiation-saving alternative or valuable adjunct to the standard imaging modalities.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Reproductive Tissue Storage: Quality Control and Management/Inventory Software
Authors: Pomeroy Kimball , Marcon Mark 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe recent failure of two liquid nitrogen storage tanks at two separate facilities in the United States has highlighted the need to reexamine our approach to how reproductive laboratories handle the storage of tissue. If we wish to truly understand how we can increase the security and safety of stored reproductive tissue, we really need to understand how often these events (tank failure) occur and what are the ultimate causes of these failures. Are there design flaws in the storage tanks or are these really failures in protocols and following protocols? Unfortunately, because these cases often involve serious litigation, most do not want to or are forbidden to talk about these failures and so we have little data to base recommendations on. Despite the paucity of data, we must come up with protocols and methods to safeguard tissue stored in these tanks. At the same time, we must be careful that we do not introduce potential solutions to these problems that instead of increasing the safety of stored tissue, we exacerbate the problem. Attention should be paid to where tanks are located so that they can be observed throughout the day. Decisions regarding whether tissue will be stored on-site or off-site, whether small- or large-capacity tanks should be used, or whether a patient's specimens should be split among several tanks should not be based on convenience or cost, but on the ability to reduce risks to these precious specimens. Ongoing quality control (QC) must include checking tanks for both visual clues and analyzing evaporation rates of each tank. Finally, each laboratory must have protocols in place that address all the issues involved in maintaining a safe storage system. These protocols must be understood by all those involved in the safeguard of patients' tissue. We may never eliminate all accidents with stored reproductive tissue, but we can reduce the probability of future accidents. In this article, we will discuss how to manage the risks inherent with the storage of reproductive tissue, where to store tissue, how to store them, how to reduce risks through quality control methods, and finally, options available for inventory management.
Patient Satisfaction and Clinical Complications after Endoscopic or Surgical Saphenous Vein Harvesting
Authors: Filip Tomas , Schröther Filip , Haase Robert , Rudolph Nicol , Claus Thomas , Albes Johannes M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background Endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting (EVH) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been developed to reduce leg wound problems. This study was undertaken to evaluate postoperative complications and patient's subjective satisfaction comparing EVH and surgical vein harvesting (SVH).
Methods From January to December 2017, patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery (CABG, CABG + Valve repair or replacement) underwent saphenous vein graft harvesting either by EVH (n = 136) or SVH (n = 104). Clinical follow-up was scheduled for day 7 and > 45 days after surgery. Primary end points were divided into two subgroups. The first one included postoperative extent of subjective pain and satisfaction with the cosmetic results described by the patients themselves, while the second subgroup included objective postoperative complications including wound healing disturbances, hematoma, and neuropathy. Secondary end point was length of hospital stay.
Results At 7 days follow-up, EVH patients were more satisfied with the cosmetic results than those of the SVH group (p < 0.001) and expressed a significant tendency toward lower subjective pain compared with the SVH patients (p < 0.001), exhibited significantly lower cellulitis (p-0.002), neuropathy (p-0.005), and superficial wound healing disturbance (p-0.007). During further follow-up at > 45 days, patients with EVH were still more satisfied with the cosmetic results (p < 0.001) and expressed lower subjective pain (p < 0.001), while the other objective wound parameters did not show significant differences between both groups. Mean length of hospital stay of EVH patients was 0.7 days less compared with SVH patients.
Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the noninferiority of EVH in the short term and in the early medium term.
Severe Calcification of the Ascending Aorta Detected Incidentally in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Salem Mohamed , Mohammad Baland , Huenges Katharina , Friedrich Christine , Panholzer Bernd , Cremer Jochen , Hanyea Assad 
Published: April 2019

Background Incidentally discovered severe calcified ascending aorta (CAA) is a major challenge faced by surgeons during cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in this condition with the additional replacement of the CAA.
Methods A retrospective study on a cohort of 74 patients (28.4% females; mean age: 73 ± 7 years) underwent cardiac surgery and initial replacement of an incidentally discovered CAA using moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest. A control group was matched according to age, gender, and procedure.
Results No significant differences were noted with regard to preoperative risk factors. Due to the additional replacement of CAA, the extracorporeal circulation and cross-clamping time were significantly longer in the study group (p < 0.001). Postoperatively, no significant differences in complications were observed between the groups. There was no significant difference in regard to incidence of neurologic adverse events (5.4 vs. 2.7%; p = 0.68) or 30-day mortality (6.7 vs. 4.1%; p = 0.72).
Conclusion Our study showed that the initial replacement of incidental CAA in patients undergoing cardiac surgery was not associated with increased risks for neurologic adverse events and mortality.
The eudemonic and hedonic role of happiness in a population with high levels of life satisfaction / El rol eudemónico y hedónico de la felicidad en una población con altos niveles de satisfacción con la vida
Authors: Rodríguez-Hernández Gabriela 
Published: April 2019

The hedonic perspective of happiness focuses on studying positive emotions and life satisfaction, while the eudemonic perspective prioritizes a meaningful life which leads to high functioning and the development of individual talents. It was hypothesized that well-being will be positively related to the domains associated with family and affective satisfaction and negatively associated with issues related to economic and physical security, and that the structure of happiness would primarily be comprised of elements of hedonic happiness. Measurements from a national survey (BIARE, 2014) were used, and the sample size was 39,274 men and women between the ages of 18 and 85. Via confirmatory factor analysis techniques, a model was confirmed with two factors which correlated negatively, one of which consolidates eudemonic elements while the other refers to negative affect. The findings contribute to explaining why the population of Mexico, the subject of this study, shows high levels of happiness even though it ranks below the average on almost all the quality-of-life indicators.