bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsed Magnetic Resonance to Signal‐Enhance Metabolites within Seconds by utilizing para‐Hydrogen
Authors: Korchak Sergey , Yang Shengjun , Mamone Salvatore , Glöggler Stefan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDiseases such as Alzheimer's and cancer have been linked to metabolic dysfunctions, and further understanding of metabolic pathways raises hope to develop cures for such diseases. To broaden the knowledge of metabolisms in vitro and in vivo, methods are desirable for direct probing of metabolic function. Here, we are introducing a pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach to generate hyperpolarized metabolites within seconds, which act as metabolism probes. Hyperpolarization represents a magnetic resonance technique to enhance signals by over 10 000‐fold. We accomplished an efficient metabolite hyperpolarization by developing an isotopic labeling strategy for generating precursors containing a favorable nuclear spin system to add para‐hydrogen and convert its two‐spin longitudinal order into enhanced metabolite signals. The transfer is performed by an invented NMR experiment and 20 000‐fold signal enhancements are achieved. Our technique provides a fast way of generating hyperpolarized metabolites by using para‐hydrogen directly in a high magnetic field without the need for field cycling.
Impact of front contact layers on performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells in relaxed and metastable states
Authors: Koida Takashi , Nishinaga Jiro , Ueno Yuko , Higuchi Hirohumi , Takahashi Hideki , Iioka Masayuki , Shibata Hajime , Niki Shigeru 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe studied the impacts of front contact layers composed of transparent conducting oxide (TCO) and transparent oxide semiconductor (TOS) layers on the performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells with glass/Mo/CIGS/CdS/TOS/TCO in relaxed and metastable states. After annealing under illumination, the CIGS solar cells with KF and NaF postdeposition treatments exhibited metastable increases in open‐circuit voltage, fill factor, and the resulting conversion efficiency with a metastable decrease in short‐circuit current density. These are partly attributed to an increase in metastable acceptor density in the CIGS layers, being stable for a day even at room temperature, with a reduced space charge width. We found that the net acceptor density evaluated by capacitance‐voltage measurements largely varied depending on the TOS/TCO layers, whereas the open‐circuit voltage was identical. On the other hand, no significant differences in both the net acceptor density and open‐circuit voltage were observed regardless of the TOS/TCO layers in the relaxed state produced by annealing in the dark. The results suggest that the CdS/CIGS heterojunction can no longer be treated as an n+/p junction in the metastable state and that the evaluated acceptor density was apparent values with large difference originating from different potential distribution in the CdS layer, which is related to the TOS/CdS and TCO/CdS junctions. In addition, the TOS/TCO layers largely affected the short‐circuit current density owing to their optical constants and film thicknesses. The presented results highlight the importance of the design of CdS/TOS/TCO layers in solar cells operated in metastable states.
Epidemiology of Robin sequence with cleft palate in the East of Scotland between 2004 and 2013
Authors: Wright Marie , Mehendale Felicity , Urquhart Don S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundRobin sequence (RS) is a congenital disorder characterized by cleft palate, micrognathia, and glossoptosis which can result in clinically significant upper airway obstruction (UAO). Historically, incidence of RS in the UK has been estimated as 1 in 8500 live births. Our study describes birth prevalence, clinical characteristics, and management of RS in the East of Scotland (EoS) region.MethodsRetrospective case note review of infants born in EoS from 2004 to 2013 with a clinical diagnosis of RS. Cases were identified by searching the regional cleft service patient database and review of Hospital Activity Statistics data. Regional live birth rate provided the denominator for incidence calculations.ResultsA total of 105 cases of RS were identified, giving a birth prevalence of 1:2685 live births. No trends in annual incidence were observed over the 10‐year period. Intrauterine exposure to potentially teratogenic agents was identified in 17% cases, including Methadone in 8% cases. Signs of UAO were present in 93% of infants, 63% of whom required active airway management. Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) was the most commonly used intervention (53% cases), whilst only 7% required surgical management. Infants with an underlying syndrome or additional anomalies (RS+) were significantly more likely to be admitted to a tertiary center and require surgical airway or feeding support compared to those with isolated RS.ConclusionsRS incidence in EoS is substantially higher than that reported within other populations, and than previously reported in the UK. A possible association with intrauterine Methadone exposure warrants further investigation.
Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Ravindranath Thyyar M. , Gomez Amanda , Harwayne‐Gidansky Ilana , Connors Thomas J. , Neill Nathan , Levin Bruce , Howell Joy D. , Saiman Lisa , Baird John S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo study the incidence, risk factors, clinical course, and outcome of ARDS in children with HMP and RSV.Working HypothesisWe hypothesized that ARDS in children with HMP was similar in incidence, risk factors, clinical course, and outcomes to ARDS in children with RSV.Study DesignRetrospective, observational study over 2 years.Patient‐Subject SelectionPatients included were <18 years old with HMP or RSV detected from nasopharyngeal specimens by commercial reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay admitted to a study site.MethodologyWe described the incidence of ARDS within 1 week following the detection of HMP or RSV using recently developed Pediatric ARDS (PARDS) criteria. We also assessed risk factors, clinical course, and outcomes of children in the PICU with HMP or RSV and PARDS or non‐PARDS.ResultsWe identified 57 patients with HMP and 161 patients with RSV: the proportions of patients with either virus who developed PARDS (HMP: 23%, RSV: 20%) and severe PARDS (HMP: 9%, RSV: 7%) were similar, as were the proportions of patients with acute (or acute‐on‐chronic) respiratory failure who developed PARDS (HMP: 41%, RSV: 31%). In a logistic regression model, risk factors associated with PARDS included neurologic comorbidity and PIM 3 probability of mortality, but not virus type. The risk factors, clinical course, and outcomes were similar for patients with PARDS associated with HMP and RSV.ConclusionsAbout 1/3 of children with HMP or RSV and acute (or acute‐on‐chronic) respiratory failure developed PARDS. Children with either virus and a neurologic comorbidity or an increased PIM 3 probability of mortality were at increased risk for PARDS.
Leveraging botanical resources for crop protection: the isolation, bioactivity and structure–activity relationships of lycoris alkaloids
Authors: Hu Zhan , Wang Ziwen , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDLycoris aurea (L' Herit.) Herb (Amaryllidaceae) is a native pesticide in China. The ethanolic extract of Lycoris aureate bulbs, the total alkaloids of L. aurea bulbs and the main alkaloids of L. aurea bulbs were systematically investigated as part of a novel project to study their antiviral, fungicidal (phytopathogenic) and insecticidal activities. We also prepared 18 lycorine derivatives and evaluated their bioactivities.RESULTSLycorine had excellent larvicidal activity against Plutella xylostella (LC50 = 10.6 mg L−1) and was also effective during a field trial. It also showed good inhibitory activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and good fungicidal activity against Phytophthora capsici (EC50 = 7.76 mg L−1). Compounds 13 and 15 exhibited good anti‐TMV activity, excellent fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia cerealis (EC50 = 6.78 mg L−1) and excellent larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens pallens (LC50 at 0.1–0.25 mg L−1).CONCLUSIONLycorine was identified as the main active component of L. aurea bulbs and showed potential for field application against P. xylostella. The activities of compounds 13 and 15 make them excellent candidates for new lead compounds in novel pesticide research. This study provides the basis for developing these alkaloids into potential agrochemicals. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Design of Silica Nanostructures with Tunable Architectures Templated by Ferrocene Peptides
Authors: Xu Sheng , Wang Yuefei , Qi Wei , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this work, we report the synthesis of silica nanomaterials with controllable architectures using self‐assembling peptides as templates. We utilized three different peptides, including ferrocene‐L‐Phe‐OH (Fc−F), ferrocene‐L‐Phe‐L‐Phe‐OH (Fc‐FF) and ferrocene‐L‐Phe‐L‐Phe‐L‐Phe‐OH (Fc‐FFF). These peptides could self‐assemble in aqueous solution to form one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures, such as nanofibers and nanohelices. By incorporating tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and co‐structure directing agent N‐trimethoxysilylpropyl‐N, N, N‐trimethylammonium chloride (TMAPS), we could control the condensation and mineralization of the silica precursors with the self‐assembled peptide nanostructures. This led to the formation of a series of silica nanostructures, including nanotubes, nanohelices and mesoporous silica nanofibers. The morphology of the silica nanostructures could be controlled by changing the length of the peptide sequence, pH, solvents and counterions. The results outline a strategy for the fabrication of well‐ordered silica nanomaterials, which is of significance for the practical applications in biosensing, catalysis and drug delivery.
Toward efficient business behavior prediction using location‐based social networks
Authors: Al Sonosy Ola A. , Rady Sherine , Badr Nagwa L. , Hashem Mohammed 
Published: May 2018

Understanding business behavior in a city requires acquiring huge amount of data coming from diverse field studies. The growing use of mobile devices in social media provides massive data transactions that can replace such data acquired by field studies. Location‐based social networks' (LBSNs') data can be exploited in urban analysis for economic reasons. In this research, the spatial correlation of business turnouts for venues registered in LBSNs is studied for business behavior predictions. A novel similarity embedded (SE)‐spatial interpolation technique is proposed for business turnouts' predictions. The proposed technique utilizes diverse features provided by LBSNs in the prediction process to improve prediction performance. Moreover, a local filter is introduced to avoid local extreme involvements in the prediction process issuing better prediction results. To test the proposed techniques, experimental case study is implemented for predicting business behavior of venues registered in Foursquare in Texas. The proposed SE‐spatial interpolation has shown better prediction accuracy than classical spatial interpolation predictions. The additional integration of the local filter shows further alleviated prediction errors. Furthermore, this study extends the work for the efficient application of the proposed prediction technique in big datasets. An iterative nearest neighbors first search method is designed for accelerating the execution time of the prediction technique implementation regardless the dataset size. The proposed method was tested over several size datasets. The test results show accelerated execution time for the proposed method when compared with the classical implementation execution time.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining
Technologies > Prediction
Media reporting of conflict between wildlife and people spending time in nature
Authors: Stafford Nicole T. , Welden Robert F. , Bruyere Brett L. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThere is a great deal of investment in the United States by land management agencies and conservation organizations to promote visitation and experiencing of natural and wild places. Given the relationship between outdoor experiences and support for conservation and pro‐environmental behavior, such campaigns are critical. We examined 392 articles about conflict between wildlife and humans recreating in the natural world between 2010 and 2015 to address how the conflict was framed by news media and discuss implications of the frames on how people might think and feel about time spent in nature. Sampled articles were from newspapers in 7 states in the Intermountain West region of the United States. We studied how articles were framed, to whom articles most often assigned blame for the incident, and if articles included information for how to prevent or mitigate such situations. We found that a majority of articles were framed episodically; therefore, were more likely to evoke an emotional response by readers that were more likely to negatively influence attitudes and behaviors about spending time in nature. In addition, wildlife were most often blamed for the conflict, and safety tip information was typically not included. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Challenges in Riverine Ecosystem Management
Authors: Sendzimir Jan , Schmutz Stefan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis book is dedicated to those interested in the natural and social sciences and elements of governance that will support the sustainable management of rivers and aquatic ecosystems. Since elements of nature and society interact to determine the integrity and trajectory of these systems, they are referred to hereafter as social-ecological systems (SESs). This introduction opens the door to these topics in four steps. It begins by explaining why a book dedicated to river management and science is needed at this point. In the second part, it outlines the history of some of the major developments that challenge the integrity of SESs worldwide. In the third part, it describes several of the principal tools used to study as well as manage SES. Tools to measure the degree of degradation of an SES include indicators of biological integrity, ecosystem health, and resilience. Tools to assess and manage the trajectory of an SES include the DPSIR and adaptive management. The introduction closes by outlining the structure of the book through the progression of its chapters.
River Morphology, Channelization, and Habitat Restoration
Authors: Hohensinner Severin , Hauer Christoph , Muhar Susanne 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAuthorities and planners involved in river restoration projects often tend to focus on the hydromorphological state of a short river reach or certain aquatic habitats where the pending deficits are most evident. Nevertheless, for long-term and sustainable restoration, one should also consider flood dynamics and other interlinked processes at larger spatio-temporal scales, ideally at the catchment scale. Channel geometry and fluvial dynamics are not solely determined by local geomorphological framework conditions. Rather they are the product of influxes from the upstream catchment. Over the long term, both sediment transport and discharge, on the one side, and the local/sectional setting (e.g. geology, topography) on the other side lead to the formation of certain channel patterns. Changes in upstream sediment delivery and altered discharge regimes trigger local channel adjustments.Accordingly, channelization measures do not only affect the physical configuration and dynamic fluvial processes at a respective river reach. Rather they influence much longer river sections or even the whole river system, including the tributaries. Human interventions into riverine environments always call for consideration of unintended side effects and potential long-term legacies that may cause new problems at upstream or downstream sections. What seems to be clear for river channelization does also apply to restoration measures. Locally implemented river restoration projects may also influence the up- and downstream fluvial processes and, thus, the habitat availability and the ecological state of longer river sections.
Classical conformal blocks and accessory parameters from isomonodromic deformations
Authors: Lencsés Máté , Novaes Fábio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractClassical conformal blocks appear in the large central charge limit of 2D Virasoro conformal blocks. In the AdS3/CFT2correspondence, they are related to classical bulk actions and used to calculate entanglement entropy and geodesic lengths. In this work, we discuss the identification of classical conformal blocks and the Painlevé VI action showing how isomonodromic deformations naturally appear in this context. We recover the accessory parameter expansion of Heun’s equation from the isomonodromicτ-function. We also discuss how thec= 1 expansion of the τ -function leads to a novel approach to calculate the 4-point classical conformal block.
Construction of a plasmid interspecific transfer system in Bacillus species with the counter-selectable marker mazF
Authors: Zhao XingYa , Xu JianYong , Tan Ming , Yu ZhenXiao , Yang ShiBin , Zheng HongChen , Song Hui 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Bacillus sp. strains as attractive hosts for the production of heterologous secretory proteins usually play important roles in bio-industry. However, low transformation efficiency of exogenous plasmids limited the application of Bacillus species. Here, a novel plasmid interspecific transfer system, with high transformation efficiency, high positive rate, and convenient manipulation, has been successfully constructed. A high electrotransformation efficiency strain Bacillus subtilis F-168 containing the counter-selectable marker mazF was used as the plasmid donor strain in this transfer method. A shuttled plasmid pBE980 and its recombinant plasmids pBE980::pulA and pBE980::HSPA were successfully transferred into the recipient Bacillus strains (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 66, Bacillus licheniformis 124 and Bacillus megaterium 258) by this method. After co-culturing the donor cells (OD600nm = 1.3–1.7) and the recipient cells (OD600nm = 0.5–0.9) for 24 h in 22 °C, more than 1.0 × 105 positive transformants were obtained and a interspecific transformation efficiency of 1.0 × 10−3. It would provide a new approach for genetic manipulation in Bacillus strains and accelerate the research progress of the wild Bacillus strains in bio-industry.
Prospects for engineering dynamic CRISPR–Cas transcriptional circuits to improve bioproduction
Authors: Fontana Jason , Voje William E , Zalatan Jesse G , Carothers James M 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Dynamic control of gene expression is emerging as an important strategy for controlling flux in metabolic pathways and improving bioproduction of valuable compounds. Integrating dynamic genetic control tools with CRISPR–Cas transcriptional regulation could significantly improve our ability to fine-tune the expression of multiple endogenous and heterologous genes according to the state of the cell. In this mini-review, we combine an analysis of recent literature with examples from our own work to discuss the prospects and challenges of developing dynamically regulated CRISPR–Cas transcriptional control systems for applications in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.
Effect of the multiphase composition in a premixed fuel–air stream on wedge-induced oblique detonation stabilisation
Authors: Ren Zhaoxin , Wang Bing , Xiang Gaoming , Zheng Longxi 
Published: May 2018

An oblique detonation wave in two-phase kerosene–air mixtures over a wedge is numerically studied for the first time. The features of initiation and stabilisation of the two-phase oblique detonation are emphasised, and they are different from those in previous studies on single-phase gaseous detonation. The gas–droplet reacting flow system is solved by means of a hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian method. The two-way coupling for the interphase interactions is carefully considered using a particle-in-cell model. For discretisation of the governing equations of the gas phase, a WENO-CU6 scheme (Hu et al., J. Comput. Phys., vol. 229 (23), 2010, pp. 8952–8965) and a sixth-order compact scheme are employed for the convective terms and the diffusive terms, respectively. The inflow parameters are chosen properly from real flight conditions. The fuel vapour, droplets and their mixture are taken as the fuel in homogeneous streams with a stoichiometric ratio, respectively. The effects of evaporating droplets and initial droplet size on the initiation, transition from oblique shock to detonation and stabilisation are elucidated. The two-phase oblique detonation wave is stabilised from the oblique shock wave induced by the wedge. As the mass flow rate of droplets increases, a shift from a smooth transition with a curved shock to an abrupt one with a multi-wave point is found, and the initiation length of the oblique detonation increases, which is associated with the increase of the transition pressure. By increasing the initial droplet size, a smooth transition pattern is observed, even if the equivalence ratio remains constant, and the transition pressure decreases. The factor responsible is incomplete evaporation before the detonation fronts, which results in a complicated flame structure, including regimes of formation of oblique detonation, evaporative cooling of droplets and post-detonation reaction.
Taxonomy ofCladonia angustilobaand related species
Authors: PINO-BODAS Raquel , BURGAZ Ana Rosa , AHTI Teuvo , STENROOS Soili 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe lichen speciesCladonia angustilobais characterized by a well-developed primary thallus and narrow squamules which show deep incisions, and the presence of usnic and fumarprotocetraric acids. Morphologically it is similar toC. foliaceaandC. convoluta, from which it can be distiguished by the squamule size and morphology. Since similar characters were used to distinguishC. foliaceafromC. convolutawhich do not represent different lineages, it is necessary to examine the taxonomic status ofC. angustilobaby means of DNA sequences. In this study, the species delimitation within theC. foliaceacomplex was studied by sequencing three loci, ITS rDNA,cox1andRPB2. The data were analyzed by means of phylogenetic and species delimitation methods (GMYC, PTP, ABGD and BPP). Our results show that none of the three species is monophyletic. Most of the species delimitation methods did not support the current species as evolutionary lineages. Only some of the BPP analyses supportedC. angustilobaas a species distinct fromC. foliaceaandC. convoluta. However, the hypothesis that considers theC. foliaceacomplex as constituted by a unique species obtained the best Bayes Factor value. Therefore,C. angustilobaandC. convolutaare synonymized withC. foliacea.A new, thoroughly checked synonymy with typifications of the wholeC. foliaceacomplex is presented. An updated survey of the world distribution data is compiled.