bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditor distraction: The case of outside job opportunities for external auditors and audit quality
Authors: Ege Matthew , Kim Young Hoon , Wang Dechun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPublic accountants are in high demand by non‐accounting firms. While this demand attracts high‐quality accountants to public accounting, it can negatively impact audit quality by distracting auditors. We find that the number of metropolitan statistical area–level busy season job postings for public accountants by non‐accounting firms is positively associated with misstatements. Results are most pronounced (1) when outside job opportunities are from non–publicly traded companies, which likely provide better work‐life balance, and (2) when auditors are under a heavier workload, as captured by higher audit fee‐to‐auditor ratios and increased job postings by audit offices leading into the busy season. Results also suggest that accounting firms that provide large pay increases before the busy season can mitigate the negative audit‐quality effects of busy season job postings for public accountants. These results suggest that accounting firms are not immune to negative effects of auditor distraction from outside job opportunities despite accounting firms knowing that their auditors are highly sought after by non‐accounting firms.
Parameter estimation for allometric trophic network models: A variational Bayesian inverse problem approach
Authors: Tirronen Maria , Kuparinen Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Differential equation models are powerful tools for predicting biological systems, capable of projecting far into the future and incorporating data recorded at arbitrary times. However, estimating these models' parameters from observations can be challenging because numerical methods are often required to approximate their solution. An example of such a model is the allometric trophic network model, for which studies considering its inverse problem are limited, particularly in the Bayesian framework. Here we develop a variational Bayesian method for parameter inference of the allometric trophic network model and explore how accurately we can recover its parameter values.

We represent the model as a Bayesian neural network, which combines an artificial neural network with Bayesian inference, using a surrogate for the posterior distribution of model parameters, and train this model by evolutionary optimization to avoid potentially costly computation of the gradient with respect to the model parameters. Using synthetic data, we compare the accuracy of this variational inference to ordinary least squares estimation. To reduce the number of estimated parameters, we focus on the inference of functional response parameters.

Our variational Bayesian method yields parameter estimates that are comparable to the ordinary least squares results in terms of accuracy. The method provides a promising approach for including uncertainty quantification in parameter estimation, which the simple ordinary least squares approach as it is does not address. Regardless of the method, potential multimodality of the inference problem is nonetheless important to keep in mind.

The present study suggests a technique for parameter inference of ordinary differential equation models in the Bayesian context. We propose the method especially for validation of the allometric trophic network model against empirical data.
Does cytochrome 2D6 genotype affect the analgesic efficacy of codeine after ambulatory surgery? Prospective trial in 987 adults
Authors: Poikola Satu , von Plato Hanna , Harju Jukka , Kiiski Johanna I. , Mattila Kristiina , Olkkola Klaus T. , Niemi Mikko , Kalso Eija , Kontinen Vesa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundParacetamol–codeine combination tablet is widely used in pain management after day surgery. For safety reasons, its use has decreased in recent years. Codeine is a prodrug metabolised in the liver by the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme to morphine that produces the analgesic effect of codeine. CYP2D6 is highly polymorphic, and based on genotypes, individuals can be divided into four categories: poor‐, intermediate‐, normal‐ and ultrarapid metabolisers. Differences in morphine and its metabolite concentrations have been described between different CYP2D6 genotypes following codeine administration. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible effect of CYP2D6 genotype on codeine efficacy and adverse effects in a large cohort of adult patients undergoing ambulatory surgery.MethodsA total of 987 patients scheduled for ambulatory surgery were included in the analyses. Operation types or anaesthesia methods were not limited in the study protocol. All study patients received a fixed dose of paracetamol (1000 mg) and codeine (60 mg) orally for premedication. A blood sample was drawn to identify the genotype of CYP2D6. At home, the first‐line analgesic was paracetamol–codeine combination of 1–2 tablets at 1–3 times per day. Data on the efficacy and side effects of codeine were collected on the day of surgery and the following two postoperative days.ResultsOf the studied patients, 37 (3.7%) were poor CYP2D6 metabolisers, 264 (27%) were intermediate, 623 (63%) were normal and 63 (6.4%) were ultrarapid metabolisers. Activity scores ranged from 0 to 4. CYP2D6 genotype was not associated in a statistically significant manner with postoperative pain, opioid consumption or the adverse effects of codeine, except for constipation at home. Poor CYP2D6 metabolisers reported significantly less severe constipation compared with normal metabolisers (p = .009, OR 0.40, 95% Cl 0.20–0.80).ConclusionCYP2D6 genotype appears to be of minor importance for the analgesic efficacy of oral paracetamol‐codeine combination therapy after ambulatory surgery in adult patients undergoing similar types of surgery as in the present study but it may affect the risk of constipation.
Metabolomic characterization of unintentional weight loss among community‐dwelling older Black and White men and women
Authors: Yao Shanshan , Marron Megan M. , Farsijani Samaneh , Miljkovic Iva , Tseng George C. , Shah Ravi V. , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Newman Anne B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aims to understand the metabolic mechanisms of unintentional weight loss in older adults. We investigated plasma metabolite associations of subsequent weight change over 2 years in 1536 previously weight stable participants (mean age 74.6 years, 50% women, 35% Black) from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine associations of the 442 metabolites with weight loss with/without an intention and weight gain >3% annually relative to weight stability. The metabolite associations of unintentional weight loss differed from those of intentional weight loss and weight gain. Lower levels of aromatic amino acids, phospholipids, long‐chain poly‐unsaturated triglycerides, and higher levels of amino acid derivatives, poly‐unsaturated fatty acids, and carbohydrates were associated with higher odds of unintentional weight loss after adjusting for age, sex, race, and BMI categories. Prevalent diseases attenuated four and lower mid‐thigh muscle mass and poorer appetite each attenuated 2 of 77 identified metabolite associations by >20%, respectively. Other factors (e.g., energy expenditure, diet, and medication) attenuated all associations by <20%. While 16 metabolite associations were attenuated by 20%–48% when adjusting for all these risk factors, 47 metabolite associations remained significant. Altered amino acid metabolism, impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and inflammaging implicated by identified metabolites appear to precede unintentional weight loss in Health ABC older adults. Furthermore, these pathways seem to be associated with prevalent diseases especially diabetes, lower muscle mass, and poorer appetite.
Alcohol‐attributable deaths in Thai people from 2015 to 2021 using the comparative risk assessment approach
Authors: Nontarak Jiraluck , Rehm Jürgen , Rovira Pol , Assanangkornchai Sawitri 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe alcohol‐attributable mortality rate is an important health indicator for surveillance of health‐related impacts of alcohol consumption. This study aimed to estimate the annual number and rate of alcohol‐attributable deaths among the Thai population aged 15 years and over during 2015–2021.MethodsMortality data were drawn from the National Death Registry based on ICD‐10. We used the standard methodology of comparative risk assessments for alcohol within the general framework of the Global Burden of Disease Studies and used alcohol‐attributable fractions, derived from exposure, and relative risk compared to lifetime abstainers as the counterfactual. Age‐standardization was used to adjust mortality rates which were calculated by cause, age group, and sex.ResultsThe estimated annual number of alcohol‐attributable deaths was 20,039 (men: 17,726 [6.50% of total annual deaths of the Thai population] and women: 2312 [1.11%]). The age‐standardized alcohol‐attributable mortality rates continuously increased from 33.8 to 37.5 deaths per 100,000 population from 2015 to 2019 and slightly decreased to 34.5 and 35.3 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The three leading causes of death attributed to alcohol consumption were road injuries, cirrhosis and other liver diseases, and other unintentional injuries.ConclusionAlcohol remains an important preventable cause of death among Thais. The alcohol‐attributable mortality rate increased from 2015 to 2019 but declined in 2020 and 2021, possibly due to the coronavirus pandemic and lockdown measures. Culturally appropriate, cost‐effective interventions should be used to control alcohol accessibility, particularly among young people who frequently sustain injuries from external causes and have high mortality rates.
The ever ongoing cosmetic quest to change eye colour
Authors: Zegers Richard H. C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo provide a historical overview of the various efforts to change eye colour for purely cosmetic reasons, along with the associated potential risks and harms.MethodsLiterature and online search.ResultsEye drops containing adrenaline were used during World War II on involuntary inmates of concentration camp Auschwitz‐Birkenau. Prostaglandin drops, used in glaucoma therapy since 1996, can increase iris pigmentation as an undesired side effect. Commercial drops, available since 2011, are not effective and potentially dangerous. Iris implants, commercially available since 2011, led to serious complications like corneal decompensation, uveitis and glaucoma, and for this reason, implants had to be removed, leaving some patients almost blind. Also commercially in use since 2011 are laser treatments to make brown eyes blue. Among the possible complications are anterior uveitis and (pigmentary) glaucoma. Corneal tattooing has existed for almost 2000 years. Complications of modern, intrastromal keratopigmentation include corneal perforation, bacterial infection, allergic or toxic reaction to pigment, migration of pigment, and functional complications like visual field limitation and light sensitivity. Personal identity and self‐esteem are likely contributing factors to undergo this potentially harmful cosmetic eye surgery. In addition to the earlier discussed complications, the artificial layer of colour can obscure ocular pathology of the cornea or iris. As the majority of individuals undergoing these procedures are relatively young, problems may arise in the future when they will need cataract or other eye surgeries.ConclusionPermanently changing eye colour in healthy eyes for purely cosmetic reasons is a risky procedure.
Mesh Simplification for Unfolding*
Authors: Bhargava M. , Schreck C. , Freire M. , Hugron P. A. , Lefebvre S. , Sellán S. , Bickel B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present a computational approach for unfolding 3D shapes isometrically into the plane as a single patch without overlapping triangles. This is a hard, sometimes impossible, problem, which existing methods are forced to soften by allowing for map distortions or multiple patches. Instead, we propose a geometric relaxation of the problem: We modify the input shape until it admits an overlap‐free unfolding. We achieve this by locally displacing vertices and collapsing edges, guided by the unfolding process. We validate our algorithm quantitatively and qualitatively on a large dataset of complex shapes and show its proficiency by fabricating real shapes from paper.
Older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People's Experiences With Hearing Loss and Audiological Services: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chowdhury Ayesha , Tian Rong , McIlhiney Paul , Jayakody Dona M. P. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn Australia, older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have the highest prevalence of hearing loss, for which dedicated audiological services are available.However, there is limited research on the experiences older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have with hearing loss and audiological services. Therefore, this study aimed to consolidate existing literature with a scoping review, specifically on the above to identify gaps and guide future research.MethodTen databases, including electronic journal databases and government databases, were systematically searched. Additional studies were sought from article reference lists, review articles, conference abstracts and Google Scholar. We identified 540 records and 22 of them met our inclusion criteria. Our inclusion criteria constituted research of any design on the experiences of older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (aged 45+ years) with hearing loss and audiological services.ResultsSeventeen studies reported on experiences with hearing loss, four studies reported on experiences with audiological services and one study reported on both experiences. Prevalence of hearing loss was estimated to be 20%–34% in older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people; a discrepancy between self‐reported and objective hearing difficulties was also identified. Audiological services currently available to older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were also underutilised.ConclusionsFuture research on older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is required to uncover: (1) the reasons for underreported hearing loss; (2) types of hearing loss experienced; (3) barriers to accessing audiological services; and (4) best hearing‐loss management and rehabilitation practices.
A pedicled anterolateral thigh flap decreased the risk of empty pelvis syndrome following total pelvic exenteration
Authors: Hirata Shintaro , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Moritani Konosuke , Arikawa Masaki , Kudose Yozo , Takamizawa Yasuyuki , Inoue Manabu , Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Daiko Hiroyuki , Akazawa Satoshi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimTotal pelvic exenteration (TPE) can be complicated by empty pelvis syndrome (EPS), and none of the currently available procedures completely mitigate this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a pedicled anterolateral thigh (p‐ALT) flap for preventing EPS.MethodAll cases of TPE at the National Cancer Center Hospital in Tokyo between 2008 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The main indication for TPE was colorectal cancer, with some other malignancies. Background factors, surgical outcomes and postoperative complications were compared between patients who underwent primary suture closure (the PC group) and those who underwent p‐ALT flap reconstruction (the flap group).ResultsA total of 114 patients underwent TPE during the study period. Twenty patients in whom a different procedure was performed or a different flap was used for reconstruction were excluded, leaving 94 for analysis (PC group, n = 54; flap group, n = 40). There was no significant between‐group difference in patient characteristics. Severe pelvic abscess developed in 12 patients (22.2%) in the PC group and 2 (5%) in the flap group. Multivariable analysis identified a significantly lower risk of severe pelvic abscess in the p‐ALT flap reconstruction (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01–0.58, p = 0.01). EPS‐related readmissions were more common in the PC group [37.0% (20/54) vs. 25% (10/40)].ConclusionsThe risk of severe pelvic abscesses and readmission for EPS was significantly lower after perineal reconstruction with a p‐ALT flap. Perineal reconstruction with this flap is a feasible and effective method in TPE.
Famine and food security: new trends and systems or politics as usual? An introduction
Authors: Jaspars Susanne , Kuol Luka Biong Deng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, famine and food insecurity have increased, yet there have been few articles with a critical analysis of their social and political dynamics. This special issue of Disasters aims to revive such analysis and to provide new insights. The special issue contains eight articles, with topics ranging from the role of global politics and neoliberal strategies, to sanctions, war, settler‐colonialism, elite capture and inequalities, actions of resistance and resilience, and the challenges of famine prevention in today's global political context. The papers provide both global and local analysis, with the latter covering Kashmir, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, and Syria.
Increased gallbladder emptying and reduced GLP‐1 response in pregnancy with and without gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gether Ida M. , Andersen Emilie S. , Foghsgaard Signe , Ellegaard Anne‐Marie , Kelstrup Louise , Sonne David P. , Brønden Andreas , Gillum Matthew P. , Holst Jens J. , Hartmann Bolette , Rehfeld Jens F. , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with reduced postprandial glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) responses. As pregnancy induces changes in gallbladder motility and bile acids stimulate GLP‐1 secretion, we investigated postprandial gallbladder emptying and GLP‐1 responses in women with GDM.MethodsWomen with and without GDM underwent two 240‐min mixed meal tests; one during third trimester of pregnancy and one 3–6 months postpartum. We evaluated ultrasonography‐assessed gallbladder emptying, plasma concentrations of glucometabolic hormones including GLP‐1, paracetamol absorption (proxy for gastric emptying) and circulating factors known to affect gallbladder dynamics.ResultsFifteen women with GDM and 15 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (baseline median age 31 (interquartile range 29;33) versus 32 (28;33) years, body mass index (BMI) 27.2 (24.7;30.7) versus 28.4 (26.2;31.0) kg/m2, HbA1c 30 (29;32) versus 30 (28;31) mmol/mol) were included. No differences in postprandial gallbladder emptying or GLP‐1 responses were observed between women with and without GDM, neither during pregnancy nor postpartum. Pregnancy increased fasting gallbladder volumes by 69 (30;122)% and 103 (59;156)% and postprandial gallbladder emptying by 77 (28;236)% and 99 (37;190)% compared with postpartum in women with and without GDM, respectively. Postprandial GLP‐1 responses were reduced by 60 (3;82)% and 81 (11;90)% during pregnancy compared with postpartum in women with and without GDM, respectively.ConclusionPregnancy‐induced changes in gallbladder motility seem to play no or a limited role in previously reported GDM‐associated reduced postprandial GLP‐1 responses as gallbladder emptying was greater and postprandial GLP‐1 response was lower in pregnancy than postpartum regardless of GDM status.
Clinical measures in chronic neuropathic pain are related to the Kennedy and endocannabinoid pathways
Authors: Bourke Stephanie L. , Suarez Eva Gonzalez , Islam Barira , Stephenson John , Finn David P. , McHugh Patrick C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic neuropathic pain (CNP) is a debilitating condition, often refractory to currently available drugs. Understanding biochemical alterations in peripheral tissues such as blood will be useful for understanding underlying pathophysiological processes relating to CNP.MethodsWe collected blood from two independent cohorts of CNP and pain‐free controls (CNP n = 129/Controls n = 127) in the UK and Ireland to investigate the relationship between CNP‐associated molecular/biochemical alterations and a range of clinical and pain metric parameters. Multiple statistical comparisons were conducted on the data, with selected variables included in one or more of the intended inferential analyses (six models).ResultsGene expression analysis showed that choline phosphotransferase (CHPT1) was increased (p < .001) in the CNP group compared to controls. The levels of phosphatidylcholine, a metabolite of CHPT1 in the Kennedy Pathway, were significantly (p = .008) decreased in the plasma of patients with CNP. Given the relationship between the Kennedy pathway and endocannabinoids, plasma endocannabinoids and related N‐acylethanolamines were quantified in clinical samples by HPLC‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Plasma levels of the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol were higher in CNP samples compared to controls, and in the statistical models applied, 2‐arachidonoylglycerol significantly increased the odds of CNP (p < .001). The expression of genes related to the synthesis and catabolism of endocannabinoids also corroborated the increased plasma 2‐arachidonoylglycerol levels in patients with CNP.ConclusionsEndocannabinoid levels, expression of genes related to endocannabinoid metabolism, age, sex, depression and anxiety state together were strong predictors of CNP. The observed molecular changes indicate that lipid metabolism is altered in CNP and thus may represent a viable target for novel analgesics or biomarker development.
Challenges in the diagnosis and management of patients with rare coagulation disorders in Lebanon and consequences of a social and economic crisis
Authors: Farah Roula , Boustany Michel , Saad Philippe , Casini Alessandro , de Moerloose Philippe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionRare coagulation disorders (RCDs) constitute an important health risk. Data on epidemiology, quality of life (QoL), access to care, and impact of the ongoing economic crisis on RCDs in Lebanon is limited.AimWe aimed to address these gaps by evaluating effect of the crisis on the management of RCDs.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of RCD pediatric patients in a tertiary hospital between 2003 and 2023. Patients with deficiencies of fibrinogen, factor (F)II, FV, combined FV and FVIII, FVII, FXI, FXII, FXIII, and congenital deficiency of vitamin K‐dependent factors (VKCFDs) underwent a qualitative assessment of the impact of the economic crisis on care and quality of life by an interview aimed at investigating obstacles to diagnosis, disparities in access to treatment, impact of the crisis on QoL and disease management, and opinion on governmental efforts to solve the health crisis.Results46 patients were included. The response rate for the interview was 63%. Among the cohort, 21 (72.4%) reported difficulty accessing treatment since the start of the crisis and 18 (62%) reported “lack of healthcare coverage for necessary treatments” as the main issue. Most participants reported that the Lebanese government did not adequately address their needs during the crisis.ConclusionOur study showcased that management of RCD patients in Lebanon has been severely affected by the economic crisis. Combined efforts by public and private sectors are needed to appropriately address this issue. Lessons can be learned from the Lebanese experience to appropriately screen for actionable factors in vulnerable populations.