bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significantly increased anti‐tumor activity of carcinoembryonic antigen‐specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells in combination with recombinant human IL‐12
Authors: Chi Xiaowei , Yang Peiwei , Zhang Erhao , Gu Jieyi , Xu Hui , Li Mengwei , Gao Xinmei , Li Xin , Zhang Yinan , Xu Hanmei , Hu Jialiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground aimsChimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR‐T cells) have been successfully used in treatments of hematological tumors, however, their anti‐tumor activity in solid tumor treatments was limited. As IL‐12 increases T‐cell immune functions, we designed carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) specific CAR‐T (CEA‐CAR‐T) cells and, for the first time, used them in combination with recombinant human IL‐12 (rhIL‐12) to treat several types of solid tumors.MethodsIn vitro anti‐tumor activity of CEA‐CAR‐T cells in combination with rhIL‐12 was confirmed by evaluation of CEA‐CAR‐T cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity after co‐incubation with CEA‐positive or CEA‐negative human tumor cells. In vivo anti‐tumor activity of CEA‐CAR‐T cells in combination with rhIL‐12 was confirmed in a xenograft model in nude mice for treatments of several types of solid tumors.ResultsIn vitro experiments confirmed that rhIL‐12 significantly increased the activation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity of CEA‐CAR‐T cells. Similarly, in vivo experiments found that CEA‐CAR‐T cells in combination with rhIL‐12 had significantly enhanced anti‐tumor activity than CEA‐CAR‐T cells in growth inhibition of newly colonized colorectal cancer cell HT‐29, pancreatic cancer cell AsPC‐1, and gastric cancer cell MGC803.ConclusionsThese works confirmed that simultaneous use of cytokines, for example, rhIL‐12, can increase the anti‐tumor activity of CAR‐T cells, especially for treatments of several types of solid tumors.
Psoriasis cases of same diagnosis but different phenotypes—Management through individualized homeopathic therapy
Authors: Mahesh Seema , Shah Viraj , Mallappa Mahesh , Vithoulkas George 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis case series demonstrates that classical homeopathy may have a solution to psoriasis and its complications which goes beyond skin clearance and achieves general well‐being. The variety in clinical phenotypes and their response to treatment may be explained on the basis of the theory of “Levels of Health."
Versatile Ru‐Photoredox‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Dehydro‐Amino Acids and Peptides
Authors: Brandhofer Tobias , Mancheño Olga García 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA versatile photoredox‐catalyzed synthesis of unnatural amino acids and peptides is presented. Commercially available Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 was efficiently used as visible light photocatalyst in combination with a broad number of different types of radical precursors in the coupling with several dehydrogenated amino acid residues. This method provides new entries to the mild, selective and direct modification of both simple and complex peptide‐like compounds towards novel structures with improved or unusual properties. Hence, (fluorinated)alkyl halides, arylsulfonyl chlorides or various N‐(acyloxy)phthalimides (NHPI esters) were effectively reacted with a series of natural and unnatural α,β‐dehydroamino acids and dipeptides. Moreover, the applicability of the process was also proved by the late stage functionalization of the naturally occurring peptide thiostrepton.
Near UV‐Irradiation of CuOx‐Impregnated TiO2 Providing Active Species for H2 Production Through Methanol Photoreforming
Authors: Vitiello Giuseppe , Clarizia Laura , Abdelraheem Wael , Esposito Serena , Bonelli Barbara , Ditaranto Nicoletta , Vergara Alessandro , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna , Dionysiou Dionysios D. , Andreozzi Roberto , Luciani Giuseppina , Marotta Raffaele 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCopper doped‐TiO2 (P25) nanomaterials have been intensively studied as promising catalysts for H2 production by photo‐reforming of selected organic compounds. However, the role of copper oxidation states on the improvement of photocatalytic activity is still debated. In this work, CuOx‐impregnated P25‐TiO2 catalysts were used for photocatalytic production of hydrogen from methanol. Copper species/oxidation states both in the as‐prepared catalysts and after the photocatalytic process were investigated. To this purpose, H2 production rates were correlated to physico‐chemical properties of the samples, both before and after photocatalytic process, by means of Raman, X‐Ray Diffraction, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy, X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Temperature‐Programmed Reduction and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope techniques. Results revealed the presence of both Cu2O and CuO deposits on the samples surface after calcination. Notably, under near‐UV irradiation, the fraction of highly dispersed CuO particles undergo a partial dissolution process, followed by reduction to metallic copper Cu(s) by photogenerated electrons, boosting H2 production rate. Our findings indicate that both Cu2O and Cu(s) act as co‐catalysts for H2 generation, yet by different mechanisms. Overall this study, provides the basis to enhance catalytic performance of red‐ox active systems through UV‐irradiation approach.
CoIICryptates Convert CO2into CO and CH4under Visible Light
Authors: Realista Sara , Almeida Janaína C. , Milheiro Sofia A. , Bandeira Nuno A. G. , Alves Luis G. , Madeira Filipe , Calhorda Maria José , Martinho Paulo N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThree CoIIoctaazacryptates, with different substituents on the aromatic rings (Br, NO2, CCH), were synthesised and characterised. These and the already published non‐substituted cryptate catalysed CO2photoreduction to CO and CH4under blue visible light at room temperature. Although CO was observed after short irradiation times and a large range of catalyst concentrations, CH4was only observed after longer irradiation periods, such as 30 h, but with a small catalyst concentration (25 nm). Experiments with13C labelled CO2showed that CO is formed and reacts further when the reaction time is long. The CCH catalyst is deactivated faster than the others and the more efficient catalyst for CH4production is the one with Br. This reactivity trend was explained by an energy decomposition analysis based on DFT calculations.
Co3+‐Rich Na1.95CoP2O7 Phosphates as Efficient Bifunctional Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Reactions in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Gui Liangqi , Miao Xiaoyun , Lei Chengjun , Wang Kailin , Zhou Wei , He Beibei , Wang Qing , Zhao Ling 
Published: June 2019

AbstractImplementing sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies is highly reliant on crucial oxygen electrocatalysis, such as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the pursuit of low cost, energetic efficient and robust bifunctional catalysts for OER and ORR remains a great challenge. Herein, the novel Na‐ion‐deficient Na2−xCoP2O7 catalysts are proposed to efficiently electrocatalyze OER and ORR in alkaline solution. The engineering of Na‐ion deficiency can tune the electronic structure of Co, and thus tailor the intrinsically electrocatalytic performance. Among the sodium cobalt phosphate catalysts, the Na1.95CoP2O7 (NCPO5) catalyst exhibits the lowest ΔE (EJ10,OER−EJ−1,ORR) of only 0.86 V, which favorably outperforms most of the reported non‐noble metal catalysts. Moreover, the Na‐ion deficiency can stabilize the phase structure and morphology of NCPO5 during the OER and ORR processes. This study highlights the Na‐ion deficient Na2−xCoP2O7 as a promising class of low‐cost, highly active and robust bifunctional catalysts for OER and ORR.
Cross‐Coupling of Secondary Amides with Tertiary Amides: The Use of Tertiary Amides as Surrogates of Alkyl Carbanions for Ketone Synthesis
Authors: Wang Shu‐Ren , Huang Pei‐Qiang 
Published: June 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionIn recent years, exciting progress has been made in the field of direct transformation of amides, nevertheless, the condensation between two amides remains rare and restricted to homo‐coupling reactions. Herein, we report the cross‐coupling of secondary amides with tertiary amides, which provides a synthesis of ketones under mild conditions, and features the use of tertiary amides as surrogates of alkyl carbanions. The method relies on the coupling of enamines, generated from tertiary amides by catalytic partial reduction of tertiary amides with Vaska's catalyst, with nitrilium ions, formed in situ from secondary amides via activation with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, and on the subsequent deformylation.
Ransomware detection using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Bae Seong Il , Lee Gyu Bin , Im Eul Gyu 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe number of ransomware variants has increased rapidly every year, and ransomware needs to be distinguished from the other types of malware to protect users' machines from ransomware‐based attacks. Ransomware is similar to other types of malware in some aspects, but other characteristics are clearly different. For example, ransomware generally conducts a large number of file‐related operations in a short period of time to lock or to encrypt files of a victim's machine. The signature‐based malware detection methods, which have difficulties to detect zero‐day ransomware, are not suitable to protect users' files against the attacks caused by risky unknown ransomware. Therefore, a new protection mechanism specialized for ransomware is needed, and the mechanism should focus on ransomware‐specific operations to distinguish ransomware from other types of malware as well as benign files. This paper proposes a ransomware detection method that can distinguish between ransomware and benign files as well as between ransomware and malware. The experimental results show that our proposed method can detect ransomware among malware and benign files.
Association between p62 expression and clinicopathological characteristics in oral leukoplakia
Authors: Yoshida Toshio , Terabe Takehito , Nagai Hiroki , Uchida Fumihiko , Hasegawa Shogo , Nagao Toru , Miyabe Satoru , Ishibashi‐Kanno Naomi , Yamagata Kenji , Warabi Eiji , Gosho Masahiko , Yanagawa Toru , Bukawa Hiroki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveOral leukoplakia is keratinized lesions in the buccal mucosa, tongue, and gingiva. It is the most common oral precancerous lesion; oxidative stresses and irrelevant autophagy have been reported to be the cause of oncogenesis. p62, a cytoplasmic protein induced by oxidative stress, is an adaptor protein involved in the formation of protein aggregates and induction and inhibition of autophagy. The inhibition of autophagy induces p62 overexpression and promotes oncogenesis via the oncogenic signaling pathway. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the involvement of intracellular expression of p62 in oral leukoplakia and to address its potential clinical implementation as a biomarker to predict malignant transformation.Material and MethodsFifty samples from subjects with confirmed oral leukoplakia were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for the expression of p62, 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), Ki67, and p53. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between p62, 8‐OHdG, Ki67, and p53 and clinical characteristics, including epithelial dysplasia.ResultsSignificant associations were observed between p62 expression in the nucleus, p62 aggregation, and epithelial dysplasia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.28, 26.2]; .024 and OR = 6.16; 95% CI: [1.01, 37.4]; .048, respectively). The expression of p62 in the cytoplasm and the levels of 8‐OHdG, Ki67, and p53 were not significantly associated with epithelial dysplasia. A significant relationship was found between p62 expression in the nucleus and p53 expression (OR = 3.94; 95% CI: [1.14, 13.6]; .031).ConclusionsThe results suggested that p62 expression in the nucleus and p62 aggregation can be potential markers to predict the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.
Performance analysis of wireless communication system over nonidentical cascaded generalised gamma fading channels
Authors: Chauhan Puspraj Singh , Rana Vidhi , Kumar Sandeep , Soni Sanjay K. , Pant Diwaker 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMultiplicative fading statistics usually encountered in different radio propagation environments. In this context, we evaluate and analyse the performance of a wireless communication system over the nonidentical cascaded generalised Gamma Fading Channels, also known as generalised Bessel‐K fading channel. To this end, the closed‐form expressions for the amount of fading (AOF), the outage probability (OP), the average symbol error probability (SEP), and the channel capacity are derived. In addition approximate expressions for the average SEP with maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity are also provided. The low‐ and high‐power solutions for the channel capacity are also provided. Furthermore, simplified asymptotic average SEP expressions for MRC and selection combining (SC) are presented to gain the system performance with diversity. The proposed methodologies provide more flexibility to accommodate different radio propagation scenarios. To examine the accuracy of the proposed solutions, numerical and simulation results are compared and shown to fit for variety of fading parameters.
The presence of multinucleated giant cells: Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features vs the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) is a newly described entity with an indolent clinical course as compared to the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC). As the cytologic features of NIFTP overlap those of the FVPTC, distinction between the two on FNA cytology poses diagnostic difficulties. This study analyzes the presence of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs).MethodsTwenty histologically confirmed NIFTP cases and 17 FVPTC cases each with a prior FNA and performed over a 2‐year period were reviewed, the cytologic diagnoses compared and the number of MGCs counted.ResultsOf the 20 NIFTP cases, 55% were diagnoses as FLUS on FNA, 25% as FN/SFN and 10% as SPTC. Of the 17 FVPTC cases, 12% were diagnosed as FLUS, 53% as FN/SFN and 35% as SPTC. Fifteen (88%) FVTPC cases contained MGCs, whereas none of the 20 NIFTP cases contained MGCs.ConclusionThe presence or absence of MGCs may serve as an additional finding to differentiate NIFTP cases from FVTPC cases.
Fibronectin‐induced ductal formation in salivary gland self‐organization model
Authors: Farahat Mahmoud , Kazi Gulsan A. S. , Taketa Hiroaki , Hara Emilio S. , Oshima Masamitsu , Kuboki Takuo , Matsumoto Takuya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent advances in tissue regeneration approaches including 3D organoids, were based on various 3D organogenesis models. However, 3D models are generally technique‐sensitive and time‐consuming. Thus, we utilized an existing model of submandibular salivary gland (SMG) to modify a simple and highly reproducible in vitro 3D culture model of primary SMG cells self‐organization into a well‐developed cell spheroid inside Matrigel substrate. We used this model to observe the collective multicellular behavior during spheroid formation. Further, we applied various quantitative approaches including real‐time live imaging and immune histochemical image analysis to dissect the cellular dynamics during tissue patterning.ResultsOn a time‐scale of hours, we observed marked size and shape transformations in the developed 3D spheroid which resulted in a spatially‐controlled growth differential from the canter to the periphery of the formed aggregates. Moreover, we investigated the effect of fibronectin (FN) on SMG cells self‐organization using our simplified culture model. Interestingly, we discovered a novel role of FN in inducing duct‐like elongation during initial stages of SMG bud formation.ConclusionThis in vitro model provides an excellent tool for analyzing the intercellular dynamics during early SMG tissue development as well as revealing a novel role of FN in SMG ductal expansion.
Predicting invasiveness of exotic woody species using a traits‐based framework
Authors: Nunez‐Mir Gabriela C. , Guo Qinfeng , Rejmánek Marcel , Iannone Basil V. , Fei Songlin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIdentifying potentially invasive species and preventing their introduction and establishment are of critical importance in invasion ecology and land management. Although an extensive body of research has been dedicated to identifying traits that confer invasiveness, our current knowledge is still often inconclusive due to limitations in geographic extent and/or scope of traits analyzed. Here, using a comprehensive set of 45 traits, we performed a case study of invasive traits displayed by exotic woody plants in the United States (U.S.) by comparing 63 invasive and 794 non‐invasive exotic woody plant species naturalized across the country. We found that invasive woody species often bear the following two key traits: vegetative reproduction and long‐distance seed dispersal (via water, birds or mammals). Boosted classification tree models based on these traits accurately predicted species invasiveness (86% accuracy on average). Presented findings provide a generalized understanding of the relative importance of functional traits in identifying potentially invasive woody species in the U.S. The knowledge generated in this study can be used to improve current classification systems of non‐native woody plants used by various U.S. governmental agencies and land managers.
Size dependency of patch departure behavior: evidence from granivorous rodents
Authors: Cozzoli Francesco , Gjoni Vojsava , Basset Alberto 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIndividual size is a major determinant of mobile organisms’ ecology and behavior. This study aims to explore whether allometric scaling principles can provide an underlying framework for general patterns of resource patch use. To this end, we used giving‐up densities (GUDs), that is, the amount of resources remaining in a patch after a forager has quit feeding, as a comparative measure of the amount of resources exploited by a forager of any given size. We specifically tested the hypothesis that size‐dependent responses to both internal (energy requirement) and external (risk management) forces may have an effect on GUDs. We addressed this topic by conducting an extensive meta‐analysis of published data on granivorous rodents, including 292 GUD measurements reported in 25 papers. The data set includes data on 22 granivorous rodent species belonging to three taxonomic suborders (Castorimorpha, Myomorpha, and Sciuromorpha) and spans three habitat types (desert, grassland, and forest). The observations refer to both patches subject to predation risk and safe patches. Pooling all data, we observed positive allometric scaling of GUDs with average forager size (scaling exponent = 0.45), which explained 15% of overall variance in individual GUDs. Perceived predation risk during foraging led to an increase in GUDs independently of forager size and taxonomy and of habitat type, which explained an additional 12% of overall GUD variance. The size scaling exponent of GUDs is positive across habitat types and taxonomic suborders of rodents. Some variation was observed, however. The scaling coefficients in grassland and forest habitat types were significantly higher than in the desert habitat type. In addition, Sciuromorpha and Myomorpha exhibited a more pronounced size scaling of GUDs than Castorimorpha. This suggests that different adaptive behaviors may be used in different contexts and/or from different foragers. With body size being a fundamental ecological descriptor, research into size scaling of GUDs may help to place patch‐use observations in a broader allometric framework.
Invasion and drought alter phenological sensitivity and synergistically lower ecosystem production
Authors: Esch Ellen H. , Lipson David A. , Cleland Elsa E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClimate change and shifting species composition have influenced ecosystem‐scale phenology worldwide. For instance, invasive plant species have greater vegetation phenological sensitivity to climate change than native plant species in some regions, and hence invasion could modify how ecosystem carbon gain responds to increased drought frequencies expected with climate change. Results from a 4‐yr drought experiment show that invasion reduced ecosystem potential for carbon gain via increased sensitivity to reduced rainfall. Using canopy greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) as a proxy for potential ecosystem carbon gain, we show that areas invaded by herbaceous species had up to a 70% reduction in maximum NDVI under severe drought conditions as compared to areas dominated by native shrubs. Phenological differences between herbaceous‐ and shrub‐dominated vegetation contributed to this reduction in potential ecosystem carbon gain because invaded areas had delayed green‐up, especially under drought conditions, and shrub senescence was accelerated by drought. Hence, invasion by herbaceous species and increased drought frequencies are likely to act synergistically to reduce ecosystem capacity for carbon gain in this system. Our findings suggest that predicting ecosystem responses to future climate change could be improved by projecting of the spread of invasive species and accounting for phenological variation between native and invading species.
Ziconotide for spinal cord injury‐related pain
Authors: Brinzeu Andrei , Berthiller Julien , Caillet Jean‐Bernard , Staquet Helene , Mertens Patrick 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundCentral neuropathic pain related to spinal cord injury is notoriously difficult to treat. So far most pharmacological and surgical options have shown but poor results. Recently ziconotide has been approved for use both neuropathic and non‐neuropathic pain. In this cohort study, we assessed responder rate and long‐term efficacy of intrathecal ziconotide in patients with pain related to spinal cord injury.MethodsPatients presenting chronic neuropathic related to spinal cord lesions that was refractory to medical pain management were considered for inclusion. Those accepting were tested by lumbar puncture injection of ziconotide or continuous intrathecal infusion and if a significant decrease in pain scores (>40%) was noted they were implanted with a continuous infusion pump. They were then followed up for at least 1 year with constant assessment of the evolution of pain and side effects.ResultsOut of the 20 patients tested 14 had a decrease in pain scores of more than 40% but only 11 (55%) were implanted with permanent pumps due to side effects and patient choice. These were followed up on average for 3.59 years (±1.94) and in eight patients an above threshold decrease in pain scores was maintained. Overall in patients that responded to the test baseline VAS was 7.91 and 4.31 at last follow‐up with an average dose of 7.2 μg of ziconotide per day. Six patients (30%) did not respond to any test and in three patients side effects precluded pump implantation. No significant long‐term effects of the molecule were noted.ConclusionThis study shows response to intrathecal ziconotide test in 40% of the patients of a very specific population in whom other therapeutic options are not available. This data justifies the development further studies such as a long‐term randomized controlled trial.SignificanceIntrathecal Ziconotide is a posible alternative for the treatment of pain in patients with spinal cord injury and below level neuropathic pain.