bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUACIÓN DE LAS ASOCIACIONES DE PECES DE LOS ARRECIFES CORALINOS DEL CENTRO INTERNACIONAL DE BUCEO MARÍA LA GORDA, PARQUE NACIONAL GUANAHACABIBES, CUBA.
Authors: Cobián Rojas Dorka , Chevalier Monteagudo Pedro Pablo 
Published: August 2018

El buceo contemplativo en los arrecifes coralinos es una de las pocas actividades autorizadas en el área manejada por el Centro Internacional de Buceo María la Gorda del Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes. Se evaluó la composición y estructura de las asociaciones de peces en los arrecifes utilizados por el Centro Internacional de Buceo María la Gorda. Considerando la posibilidad de cambios estacionales en la densidad y composición de los peces, se realizaron muestreos en las épocas seca y lluviosa. Se realizaron censos visuales en ocho sitios de buceo (12 transectos de 50 x 2 m en cada uno), en dos biotopos característicos del arrecife. Se estimaron los índices de diversidad, equitatividad, riqueza de especies, densidad y biomasa de peces. Los valores de densidad promedio y los índices de diversidad por estaciones no mostraron diferencias significativas entre las épocas. Se registraron 134 especies en toda el área. La abundancia de peces fue superior en los sitios de mayor complejidad estructural, correspondientes a la zona de camellones de la pendiente arrecifal. Se observó un predominio de peces de pequeña talla y pobre presencia de peces de mediana y gran talla. Las familias con mayor densidad fueron Pomacentridae y Labridae, y las de mayor biomasa Lutjanidae y Labridae. La estructura trófica estuvo dominada por los plantófagos y omnívoros. Aunque se observaron carnívoros de tallas medianas, su densidad fue inferior al resto de los grupos, lo cual parece ser consecuencia de la pesca furtiva.Recreational SCUBA diving on the coral reefs is one of the few activities allowed in the area managed by the Centro Internacional de Buceo María la Gorda at the Guanahacabibes National Park. The composition and structure of fish associations were evaluated on the reefs visited by users of the diving center. To assess possible seasonal changes in fish community densities and composition surveys were carried during the dry and rainy seasons. Visual censuses were carried out at eight diving sites comprising two characteristic reef biotopes. Indices for diversity, evenness, species richness, density, and fish biomass were estimated. Mean density values by sampling site did not show significant differences between seasons. A total of 134 species were recorded in the area. Fish abundances were greater in sites of higher structural complexity, matching areas of ridges on the reef slope. Prevalence of small-sized fish and a general poor presence of medium to high-sized fish were observed. Fish families with the higher densities were Pomacentridae and Labridae, and those with the higher biomass were Lutjanidae and Labridae. The trophic structure was dominated by phytophagous and omnivorous fish. Medium-sized carnivorous fish were observed, however, their densities were much lower than for the rest of the trophic groups, which could be a consequence of illegal fishing activities.
Skaitmeninės atskirties požymiai ir lygmenys: Lietuvos atvejo analizė
Authors: Šuminas Andrius , Gudinavičius Arūnas , Aleksandravičius Arnas 
Published: August 2018

[only abstract and keywords in English; full article, abstract and keywords in Lithuanian]
After the sudden growth of popularity of IT and the internet, scholars have noticed emerging differences between usage or non-usage of the internet among different individuals and groups of society. These differences were defined as the digital divide. At first, more attention was given to the differences of access to IT and the internet, but today, scholars are focusing on another level of the digital divide – one determined by skills, perceived value and motivation. In this article, we examine the characteristics of the different levels of the digital divide by analyzing various statistical indicators. We seek to explain which groups of Lithuanian society feel the social and digital divide the most; also, we explain the features and changes of every level of the digital divide.
Politinio lyderio retorika: nuo senovinės agoros iki elektroninės demokratijos
Authors: Vaičekauskienė Giedrė 
Published: August 2018

[only abstract and keywords in English; full article, abstract and keywords in Lithuanian]
This article analyzes political leadership that uses rhetoric as one of the means to influence the electorate. Rhetoric denotes negotiatory communication between different individuals aimed at reaching a general agreement. This theoretical discourse reflects on the characteristics of classical rhetoric, established in the practice of citizenship of the Athenian Democracy, appealing to its return and identifying a new era of political communication – the characteristics of electronic democracy, which powerfully transforms the language and relations of the elected and representatives of the society. In a modern virtual agora, the political leader directly informs his electorate, and the internet provides the leader with a wide range of communication tools to influence the voter. The new media creates a new policy and a new political language, which becomes an object worthy of the researchers’ interest. The electronic agora is full of communicative noise, with the prevalence of a fragmentary, scattered, tag cloud rhetoric.The aim of this article is to reveal the issues of reliability of the rhetoric of the modern political leader from the perspective of political leadership constructed on the internet.
Acute toxicity of Pistacia atlantica green seeds on Sprague- Dawley rat model
Authors: Dyary Hiewa , Rahman Heshu , Othman Hemn , Hassan Snur , Abdullah Rasedee 
Published: August 2018

The acute toxic effect of the aqueous extract of Pistacia atlantica green seeds was investigated in groups of Sprague-Dawley rats at oral doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight. After 14 days, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in behavior, food and water consumption, body weight gain, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters between untreated control and extract-treated rats. There were lesions in the liver and kidney indicating that aqueous P. atlantica seed extract causes some hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats.
Assessment of Media impact on changing oral health behaviors among university students in Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Authors: Abdulqadir Mardin , Hasan Akam , Rauf Aras 
Published: August 2018

Media campaigns are generally used to deliver health messages to high number of populations through various types of Media. The Media is used in all aspects of public issues with the expectation of three influences; providing exact health information and relevant data, health behaviours and its value changes, and building new healthier behaviours. This study focused on the outcomes of massive Media campaigns and their effects on different hazardous oral.
Aims of the Study Were: to determine the level of awareness and knowledge of people about oral health, evaluate the role of Media on oral health behaviours and promotion, and assessment of the peoples` practice towards oral health awareness.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was applied on 1223 Students from different classes at Kurdistan Region universities who were interviewed by well-trained researchers. A questionnaire was used which included information about demographic distribution; source of health information; awareness about Media campaigns regarding health programs. Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 19.0) was used to present the analysis.
Results: Fifty two point nine percent (N= 893) of the students used internet particularly as the most common source of getting oral health information (P ≤ 0.05), highest percentage of the students 54.8% (N=670) reported to have knowledge on oral health Media campaigns.
Conclusion: The study revealed that social media had an important role in changing oral health behaviours among the studied sample. Oral hygiene practices of the sample noticed to be higher compared to similar age groups in the neighbouring countries.
High throughput Phenotypic Microarray profiling of Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Ameen Sirwan 
Published: August 2018

Mycobacterium abscessus group comprises of five species of rapidly growing mycobacteria. These mycobacteria are increasingly responsible for difficult-to treat, opportunistic cutaneous and respiratory tract infections, notably in cyctic fibrosis patients. Identification at the species level remains problematic and is relying on nucleotide sequence analyses, leaving a need for routine, phenotypic identification of such isolates. Here, the carbon and peptide nitrogen source utilization patterns of Mycobacterium abscessus complex mycobacteria was investigated using Biolog phenotype MicroArray analysis based on tetrazolium dye reduction. In a first step, a data base was built after duplicate investigation of Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium bolletii, Mycobacterium massiliense, Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium franklinii type strains. In this study, 190 carbon sources were tested; 77 (40.5%), 77 (40.5%), 77 (40.5%), 76 (40%) and 37 (19.5%) were found to be utilized by type strains of M. abscessus, M. bollettii, M. massiliense, M. chelonae and M. franklinii. Of 285 peptide nitrogen sources, they were found able to utilize 217 (76 %), 216 (75.7 %), 209 (73. 3 %), 194 (68 %) and 24 (8.4 %) nitrogen substrates, respectively. Each species yielded one specific profile, thus allowing for their unambiguous phenotypic identification at the species level. In a second step, a collection of M. abscessus, M. bolletii, M. massiliense and M. chelonae was tested to assess the usefulness of the Biolog for identification. We observed that all then identical strains were correctly identified at the species level.
The Influence of Immunization and Population Density to Diphtheria’s Prevalence in East Java
Authors: Mardiana Dwi Elsa 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: The south-east Asia region had contributed the highest cases of diphtheria in the worldwide, and Indonesia had the second highest insidence of diphtheria in the worldwide after India. In East Java, there were 348 diphtheria cases had been reported with case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.72. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the influence of immunization and population density on the prevalence of diphtheria in East Java Province in 2016. Methods: The design of this observational study was cross-sectional. The population of this study was all patients diagnosed with diphtheria from 29 districts in 9 cities of East Java. Data were obtained from the health profile of East Java in 2016. The independent variables were complete primary immunization and population density, while the dependent variable was the prevalence of diphtheria. Data were analyzed through multiple linear regression. Results: The prevalence of diphtheria in East Java was low or 8.91 per 1000,000 in 2016. Two factors determined the prevalence of diphtheria, namely complete primary immunization and population density (p=0.01). Conclusion: Both complete primary immunization and population density had a significant influence on the prevalence of diphtheria.Keywords: diphtheria; immunization; east java; population density
Efektivitas Kunyit (Curcuma longa Linn) terhadap Esherichia coli dan Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Rini Chylen Setiyo , Rohmah Jamilatur , Widyaningrum Leni Yuroh 
Published: August 2018

Herbal plants that serve as a drug, one of which is turmeric that has a role as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, digestive disorders. Because it contains compounds curcumin and essential oils. The purpose of this research is to know the optimal concentration of dry extract of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa L) in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and Bacillus subtilis. This research method using diffusion agar Kirby Bauer. In this study, turmeric extract at 15% concentration had antibacterial efficacy against Bacillus subtilis (0,7 mm) greater than Escherichia coli (0,63 mm).
PENERAPAN PENGENDALIAN HAMA TERPADU (PHT) PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI
Authors: Indiati Sri Wahyuni , Marwoto Marwoto 
Published: August 2018

<p>Pengendalian Hama Terpadu, memberi ruang dan hak kehidupan bagi semua komponen biota ekologi, tanpa terjadinya kerusakan pada tanaman yang dibudidayakan. Sasaran pengendalian hama terpadu adalah mengurangi penggunaan pestisida dengan memadukan teknik pengendalian hayati dan pengendalian kimiawi. Pada tahun 1986 Pemerintah mengeluarkan Instruksi Presiden Nomor 3 Tahun 1986 yang menjadi Tonggak sejarah PHT di Indonesia, diawali dengan instruksi presiden nomor 3 tahun 1986 tentang larangan penggunaan 57 formulasi pestisida untuk tanaman padi. Perkembangan selanjutnya adalah UU No 12 Tahun 1992 tentang sistem budidaya tanaman yang menyatakan bahwa “ Perlindungan tanaman dilaksanakan dengan sistem Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT).</p><p>Pengendalian hama pada tanaman kedelai hingga kini masih tertumpu pada penggunaan insektisida, cara pengendalian yang lain masih belum banyak di lakukan. Penggunaan insektisida secara berlebihan berdampak timbulnya resurgensi hama sasaran, dan pencemaran lingkungan pertanian, sehingga Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) perlu di lakukan </p><p>Pengendalian Hama Terpadu pada tanaman kedelai merupakan teknik pengelolaan keseimbangan lingkungan pertanian melalui ekologi dan efisiensi ekonomi dalam rangka pengelolaan ekosistem yang berwawasan lingkungan yang berkelanjutan. Strategi PHT adalah mensinergikan semua teknik atau metode pengendalian hama dan penyakit yang kompatbel didasarkan pada asas ekologi dan ekonomi. Prinsip operasional yang digunakan dalam PHT adalah 1) Budidaya tanaman sehat, 2. Penyeimbangan komponen ekobiota lingkungan, 3) Pelestarian musuh alami, 4) Pemantauan ekosistem secara terpadu, 5) Mewujudkan petani aktif sebagai ahli PHT.</p><p> </p>
Enhancing Soils of Labrador through Application of Biochar, Fishmeal, and Chemical Fertilizer
Authors: Abedin Joinal 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Biochar applied to sandy, acidic soil increased topsoil pH by 0.5 units.
Biochar, fertilizer, or fishmeal alone was unable to support crop establishment, growth, and biomass yield.
Biochar along with fertilizer or fishmeal boosted crop establishment, growth, and yields.
Topsoil Ca, K, and Mn availability increased by 186, 19, and 2.6 mg L−1 due to biochar application.
Plant tissue N, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn contents were higher in NBT than in BT, but the opposite was found for K.
A multi‐year experiment was conducted in the sandy, acidic soils of Happy Valley–Goose Bay (HV‐GB), Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada to evaluate the effects of hardwood biochar on soil fertility, and to ascertain its nutrient supplying capability when applied singly or in combination with fishmeal and chemical fertilizers. The experiment was set up on a permanent layout and in a randomized block design with 10 treatments resulting from combinations of biochar (20 Mg C ha−1) with half and full recommended doses of fertilizers and fishmeal. In the control and biochar only treatments the beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seedlings did not grow at all, and in the fertilizer or fishmeal alone treatments the survival, growth, and biomass yields were severely affected. However, biochar application along with fertilizer or fishmeal enhanced crop establishment, growth, and yields. Biochar application increased topsoil pH by 0.5 unit and availability of Ca, K, and Mn by 186, 19, and 2.6 mg L−1, respectively. Plant tissue contents of N, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn were greater in non‐biochar treatments (NBT) than in biochar treatments (BT), but the opposite was found for K. Despite greater nutrient contents in NBT for some elements, plant uptake (kg ha−1) of nutrients in BT were always much greater than NBT due to higher biomass yield in BT. The positive effects of biochar observed in this study demonstrate that biochar has the potential to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity of sandy, acidic soils that are similar to the regional soils of Labrador.
Simplified Computational Approach for Determining In Situ Probe Spacing of a Dual Probe Heat Pulse Sensor
Authors: Wen Minmin , Liu Gang , Horton Robert 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Probe spacing corrections greatly improve soil thermal property determination.
The linear model and the non‐linear model are unified into a single algorithm.
The new model simplifies significantly the spacing calculation procedure.
For the dual probe heat pulse (DPHP) method, the probe spacing r is very important for the calculation of volumetric heat capacity and thermal diffusivity. Separate models for probe spacing correcting resulting from linear and nonlinear deflections have been reported earlier. In this paper, the linear model and the nonlinear model are unified into a single algorithm. Compared with the earlier models, the new model simplifies the procedure. To use the new model, it is not necessary to calculate a deflected angle, and also there is no longer a need to initially identify whether probe deflection is inward or outward. The new r correcting approach provides an easy way to use relationship that accounts for linear and nonlinear probe deflections.
Evaluation of Soil Tests for Measuring Potentially Mineralizable Soil N in Southern Idaho Soils
Authors: Rogers C.W. , Schroeder K. , Rashed A. , Roberts T.L. 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
A reliable rapid soil test method to predict N mineralization is currently unavailable.
Chemical and biological soil tests were evaluated against N mineralized by a 7‐d anaerobic incubation.
Multiple tests were strongly correlated to the 7‐d anaerobic incubation (e.g., ASN, LOI, and FL_CO2_C).
Developing rapid soil tests to predict N availability could improve management strategies for irrigated crops and would assist in sustainable production. No rapid soil test has been evaluated for applicability in irrigated systems in the semiarid western United States. Soils were collected at two sampling depths (0–30 and 30–60 cm) from irrigated fields across southern Idaho representing predominant soil classes, crops, and irrigation management systems; a 0–60 cm depth was calculated. Anaerobic incubations were used to estimate N mineralization (NMIN) in the sampled soils. The tests were positively correlated with NMIN: the amino sugar N (ASN) test was strongly correlated at 0 to 30 cm (r = 0.73) and 0 to 60 cm (r = 0.79). The flush of CO2 from soil after capillary rewetting (FL_CO2_C) was also strongly correlated at the 0‐ to 30‐cm depth (r = 0.73) and 0‐ to 60‐cm depth (r = 0.67). The loss on ignition (LOI) test was strongly correlated for the 0‐ to 30‐ (r = 0.65) and 0‐ to 60‐cm (r = 0.67) depths. Removal of sites with high soil organic matter resulted in improved r2 for LOI and ASN but not FL_CO2_C. The relationship of several tests with NMIN warrants further investigation of their ability to predict crop responses in the region. The ASN test uses a standard 2 M KCl extract, can be automated, and is easily implemented with only minor changes. These results should be expanded to field correlation calibration trials before any test is recommended.
Biosolids Type, Rate, and Receiving Soil Affect Anaerobic Incubation Nitrogen Availability Coefficients
Authors: White Jeffrey G. , Dodd Ryan , Walters Robert 
Published: August 2018

Core IdeasPotentially available N (PAN) differed greatly among biosolids, soils, and rates.Nitrogen availability coefficients (NAC) under or overestimated PAN from −140 to 181%.The effects of soil and biosolids on PAN and NAC were of similar magnitudes.Biosolids NAC might best be estimated with the receiving soil and a range of rates.Seven‐day anaerobic incubation can provide relatively quick and easy estimates of potentially available N (PAN), but has been little used to estimate N availability coefficients (NAC) of biosolids destined for land application. We hypothesized that waterlogged‐incubation estimates of PAN and NAC depend on biosolids type, application rate, and receiving soil. We applied three dissimilar biosolids at five rates to four representative southeastern US soils and measured NH4–N and NO3–N after a 7‐d laboratory waterlogged incubation. Target PAN rates were 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2× a realistic yield expectation (RYE) rate, 127 kg N ha–1, for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), a common biosolids‐receiving grass. Biosolids application rates were based on biosolids types, associated book‐value NACs, and biosolids total N. Anaerobic incubation of soil plus biosolids yielded predominantly NH4–N. There were three‐way biosolids × rate × soil interactions for NH4–N, PAN, and NAC. The PAN differed substantially among biosolids, rates, and receiving soils, ranging from –12.1 to 146 mg kg–1, while NAC ranged from ‐0.13 to 0.86. Negative values suggested N lost via denitrification or immobilization. The PAN trends reflected biosolids total N. At the highest application rate, soil had no detectable effect on the NAC; otherwise, soil affected NAC by as much as an order of magnitude. Presuming anaerobic incubation provides reasonable estimates of PAN, NAC of any particular biosolids might best be estimated via incubation with the receiving soil across an RYE‐based range of N application rates, rather than relying on book value NAC.
A Simple and Improved Model for Describing Soil Hydraulic Properties from Saturation to Oven Dryness
Authors: Liao Kaihua , Lai Xiaoming , Zhou Zhiwen , Zhu Qing , Han Qing 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Soil hydraulic properties from saturation to oven dryness are needed to simulate soil water movement.
A new soil hydraulic model was compared with the classic van Genuchten–Mualem models.
The new model with different fitted parameters was more efficient than the van Genuchten–Mualem models.
Soil water retention characteristics and hydraulic conductivity from saturation to oven dryness are needed for simulating soil water movement and solute transport, especially in arid and semiarid regions. The aim of this study was to derive a new soil hydraulic model and compare this model with the classic van Genuchten–Mualem (VGM) models (M1). A total of 12 soils with varying basic properties were selected from the Unsaturated Soil Hydraulic Database (UNSODA) for the evaluation of the new model. Five pairs of soil hydraulic models were considered, including M1 and the new model with different parameters fitted (M2–M5). Correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the relationships between the new model parameters and basic soil properties. In addition, the Morris method was applied to quantify the parameter sensitivity of the new model. Results showed that M2 to M5 gave slightly better performance than M1 in predicting soil water retention characteristics, with a decrease of ∼15% in the root mean squared error (RMSE). However, they produced substantially better performance than M1 in estimating soil hydraulic conductivities, with a decrease of ∼40% in the RMSE. The new model with all of the model parameters being fitted (M2) was more efficient than those with one or two model parameters not fitted. However, an over‐parameterization problem was detected with M2. Physically unrealistic parameters (e.g., the saturated soil water content and effective grain diameter) exist in M2. These parameters were found to have important influences on the results of the soil hydraulic properties prediction based on the Morris‐based sensitivity analysis. Overall, the new model with two parameters not fitted (M5) can best describe the soil hydraulic properties from saturation to oven dryness and had the potential to simulate water and solute transport in the vadose zone.