bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass index trajectories from birth to early adulthood and lung function development
Authors: Wang Gang , Hallberg Jenny , Merid Simon Kebede , Kumar Ashish , Klevebro Susanna , Habchi Baninia , Chaleckis Romanas , Wheelock Craig E. , Hernandez-Pacheco Natalia , Ekström Sandra , Janson Christer , Kull Inger , Bergström Anna , Melén Erik 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundFew studies have investigated the influence of body mass index (BMI) trajectories on lung function covering the entire growth period.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study using data from the Swedish BAMSE birth cohort. Latent class mixture modelling was employed to examine the diversity in BMI z-scores from birth to 24 years of age. Participants with four or more BMI z-scores were included (n=3204, 78.4%). Pre-bronchodilator spirometry was tested at 8, 16 and 24 years, while post-bronchodilator spirometry, multiple-breath nitrogen washout (for lung clearance index) and urinary metabolomics data were assessed at 24 years.ResultsSix distinct BMI development groups were identified. Compared to the stable normal BMI group, the accelerated increasing BMI group exhibited reduced pre- and post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio z-scores (pre: β= −0.26, 95% CI −0.44– −0.08; post: β= −0.22, 95% CI −0.39– −0.05), along with elevated lung clearance index (0.30, 95% CI 0.22–0.42) at 24 years. The persistent high BMI group demonstrated lower FEV1(−0.24, 95% CI −0.42– −0.05) and FVC (−0.27, 95% CI −0.45– −0.01) z-score growth between 16 and 24 years, and elevated lung clearance index (0.20, 95% CI 0.03–0.39) at 24 years. However, those impairments were not observed in the accelerated resolving BMI group. Conversely, the persistent low BMI group displayed persistently decreased FEV1and FVC from 8 to 24 years, as well as decreased lung function growth. Additionally, histidine-related metabolites were associated with pre- and post-bronchodilator FEV1(hypergeometric false discovery rate=0.008 and <0.001, respectively).ConclusionsEarly interventions aiming for normal BMI during childhood may contribute to improved lung health later in life.
20-year trends in excess costs of COPD
Authors: Amegadzie Joseph Emil , Mehareen Jeenat , Khakban Amir , Joshi Phalgun , Carlsten Chris , Sadatsafavi Mohsen 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundSeveral major risk factors for COPD, such as population ageing, smoking rates and air pollution levels, are rapidly changing, causing inevitable changes in the population burden of COPD. We determined the excess direct costs of COPD and their trend from 2001 to 2020.MethodsUsing administrative health data from British Columbia, Canada, we created a retrospective matched cohort of physician-diagnosed COPD patients and non-COPD individuals. Excess direct medical costs (in 2020 Canadian dollars (CAD)) were estimated by analysing hospital records, outpatient services, medications and community care services. Comorbidity classes were assessed using International Classification of Diseases codes. Excess COPD costs were estimated as the adjusted difference in direct medical costs between the COPD and non-COPD cohorts.ResultsThere were 208 554 and 404 703 individuals in the COPD and non-COPD cohorts, respectively (47.8% female; mean baseline age 69.1 and 68.2 years, respectively). Direct medical costs for COPD were CAD 9224 per patient-year compared to CAD 3396 per patient-year for non-COPD, giving rise to excess costs of CAD 5828 (95% CI 5759–5897) per patient-year. Excess costs increased by 48% over the study period. Excess costs due to comorbidities were CAD 3588 (95% CI 3554–3622) per patient-year, with cardiovascular-related conditions alone exceeding the costs attributed to COPD (CAD 1375versus904 per patient-year).ConclusionsDespite multifaceted prevention and management initiatives, COPD-related economic burden is increasing, with the majority of costs due to comorbid conditions. Rising per-patient costs, combined with the flat or increasing prevalence of COPD in many jurisdictions, indicates a significant increase in COPD burden.
Deciphering the variation in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of six European honey bee subspecies
Authors: Rodríguez-León Daniel Sebastián , Uzunov Aleksandar , Costa Cecilia , Elen Dylan , Charistos Leonidas , Galea Thomas , Gabel Martin , Scheiner Ricarda , Pinto M. Alice , Schmitt Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) subspecies exhibit local adaptive traits that evolved in response to the different environments that characterize their native distribution ranges. An important trait is the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile, which helps to prevent desiccation and mediate communication. We compared the CHC profiles of six European subspecies (A. m. mellifera, A. m. carnica, A. m. ligustica, A. m. macedonica, A. m. iberiensis, and A. m. ruttneri) and investigated potential factors shaping their composition. We did not find evidence of adaptation of the CHC profiles of the subspecies to the climatic conditions in their distribution range. Subspecies-specific differences in CHC composition might be explained by phylogenetic constraints or genetic drift. The CHC profiles of foragers were more subspecies-specific than those of nurse bees, while the latter showed more variation in their CHC profiles, likely due to the lower desiccation stress exerted by the controlled environment inside the hive. The strongest profile differences appeared between nurse bees and foragers among all subspecies, suggesting an adaptation to social task and a role in communication. Foragers also showed an increase in the relative amount of alkanes in their profiles compared to nurses, indicating adaptation to climatic conditions.
Quinic acid protects against the development of Huntington’s disease in Caenorhabditis elegans model
Authors: El Din Reem Hossam , Thabit Sara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Quinic acid (QA), a cyclitol and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, is a natural product that is present and can be isolated from edible herbals like tea, coffee and several fruits and vegetables. It was previously reported that QA exerted antioxidant and neuroprotective activity against dementia. However, it was not tested for its neuroprotective potential against Huntington’s disease (HD). Since aging related disorders are greatly linked to oxidative stress conditions, we focused on testing the oxidative stress resistant activity and protective effect of QA against the development of HD by using the multicellular Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) worm model.

Methods
Firstly, QA was tested for its oxidative stress resistant properties. In survival assay, wild type and mutant skn-1 and daf-16 worms were exposed to oxidative stress conditions by using H2O2. Activation of SKN-1 pathway and expression of its downstream genes gcs-1 and gst-4 were also tested. Secondly, the effect of QA was evaluated on HD by testing its ability to decrease the formation of polyQ150 aggregates. Furthermore, its effect on the accumulation of polyglutamine (polyQ35 and polyQ40 aggregates) was tested.

Results
Here we report that QA could improve the survival of C. elegans after exposure to oxidative stress caused by H2O2 while also exerting antioxidant effects through the activation of SKN-1/Nrf2 pathway. Moreover, QA could be a potential candidate to protect against HD due to its effects on decreasing the formation of polyQ150, polyQ35 and polyQ40 aggregates.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of QA as a natural compound in defending against oxidative stress and the development of neurodegenerative diseases like HD.
[11C]Metoclopramide PET can detect a seizure-induced up-regulation of cerebral P-glycoprotein in epilepsy patients
Authors: Biali Myriam El , Breuil Louise , Jackwerth Matthias , Mairinger Severin , Weber Maria , Wölfl-Duchek Michael , Bamminger Karsten , Rausch Ivo , Nics Lukas , Hacker Marcus , Rodrigo Sebastian , Bouilleret Viviane , Zeitlinger Markus , Pataraia Ekaterina , Tournier Nicolas , Bauer Martin , Langer Oliver 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux transporter which is abundantly expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various brain diseases. The radiolabelled antiemetic drug [11C]metoclopramide is a P-gp substrate for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of P-gp function at the BBB. To assess whether [11C]metoclopramide can detect increased P-gp function in the human brain, we employed drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) as a model disease with a well characterised, regional P-gp up-regulation at the BBB.

Methods
Eight patients with drug-resistant (DRE) TLE, 5 seizure-free patients with drug-sensitive (DSE) focal epilepsy, and 15 healthy subjects underwent brain PET imaging with [11C]metoclopramide on a fully-integrated PET/MRI system. Concurrent with PET, arterial blood sampling was performed to generate a metabolite-corrected arterial plasma input function for kinetic modelling. The choroid plexus was outmasked on the PET images to remove signal contamination from the neighbouring hippocampus. Using a brain atlas, 10 temporal lobe sub-regions were defined and analysed with a 1-tissue-2-rate constant compartmental model to estimate the rate constants for radiotracer transfer from plasma to brain (K1) and from brain to plasma (k2), and the total volume of distribution (VT = K1/k2).

Results
DRE patients but not DSE patients showed significantly higher k2 values and a trend towards lower VT values in several temporal lobe sub-regions located ipsilateral to the epileptic focus as compared to healthy subjects (k2: hippocampus: +34%, anterior temporal lobe, medial part: +28%, superior temporal gyrus, posterior part: +21%).

Conclusions
[11C]Metoclopramide PET can detect a seizure-induced P-gp up-regulation in the epileptic brain. The efflux rate constant k2 seems to be the most sensitive parameter to measure increased P-gp function with [11C]metoclopramide. Our study provides evidence that disease-induced alterations in P-gp expression at the BBB can lead to changes in the distribution of a central nervous system-active drug to the human brain, which could affect the efficacy and/or safety of drugs. [11C]Metoclopramide PET may be used to assess or predict the contribution of increased P-gp function to drug resistance and disease pathophysiology in various brain diseases.

Trial registration
EudraCT 2019-003137-42. Registered 28 February 2020.
Quantitative lung ultrasound findings correlate with radial alveolar count in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Catozzi Chiara , Modena Angelo , Storti Matteo , Ricci Francesca , Villetti Gino , De Luca Daniele 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between the degree of alveolarization and ultrasound-assessed lung aeration in a validated preterm rabbit model of experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Lung ultrasound findings were heterogeneously abnormal and consisted of zones with interstitial, interstitial-alveolar or consolidated patterns. The median radial alveolar count was 10.1 [8.4–11.5], 7.8 [6.1–9] and 7.3 [1.8–10.1] in rabbits with interstitial, interstitial-alveolar or consolidated ultrasound pattern, respectively (overall p = 0.036). Alveolar count and lung ultrasound score were significantly correlated (ρ = − 0.044 (95%CI: − 1; − 0.143), p = 0.009; τ-b = − 0.362 (95%CI: − 0.6; − 0.1), p = 0.017).
Software-assisted structured reporting and semi-automated TNM classification for NSCLC staging in a multicenter proof of concept study
Authors: Heimer Maurice M. , Dikhtyar Yevgeniy , Hoppe Boj F. , Herr Felix L. , Stüber Anna Theresa , Burkard Tanja , Zöller Emma , Fabritius Matthias P. , Unterrainer Lena , Adams Lisa , Thurner Annette , Kaufmann David , Trzaska Timo , Kopp Markus , Hamer Okka , Maurer Katharina , Ristow Inka , May Matthias S. , Tufman Amanda , Spiro Judith , Brendel Matthias , Ingrisch Michael , Ricke Jens , Cyran Clemens C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
In this multi-center study, we proposed a structured reporting (SR) framework for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and developed a software-assisted tool to automatically translate image-based findings and annotations into TNM classifications. The aim of this study was to validate the software-assisted SR tool for NSCLC, assess its potential clinical impact in a proof-of-concept study, and evaluate current reporting standards in participating institutions.

Methods
A framework for SR and staging of NSCLC was developed in a multi-center collaboration. SR annotations and descriptions were used to generate semi-automated TNM classification. The SR and TNM classification tools were evaluated by nine radiologists on n = 20 representative [18F]FDG PET/CT studies and compared to the free text reporting (FTR) strategy. Results were compared to a multidisciplinary team reference using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Additionally, participants were surveyed on their experience with SR and TNM classification.

Results
Overall, GLMM analysis revealed that readers using SR were 1.707 (CI: 1.137–2.585) times more likely to correctly classify TNM status compared to FTR strategy (p = 0.01) resulting in increased overall TNM correctness in 71.9% (128/178) of cases compared to 62.8% (113/180) FTR. The primary source of variation in classification accuracy was explained by case complexity. Participants rated the potential impact of SR and semi-automated TNM classification as positive across all categories with improved scores after template validation.

Conclusion
This multi-center study yielded an effective software-assisted SR framework for NSCLC. The SR and semi-automated classification tool improved TNM classification and were perceived as valuable.

Critical relevance statement
Software-assisted SR provides robust input for semi-automated rule-based TNM classification in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), improves TNM correctness compared to FTR, and was perceived as valuable by radiology physicians.

Key Points

SR and TNM classification are underutilized across participating centers for NSCLC staging.

Software-assisted SR has emerged as a promising strategy for oncologic assessment.

Software-assisted SR facilitates semi-automated TNM classification with improved staging accuracy compared to free-text reports in NSCLC.

Graphical Abstract
Effects of physical therapy modalities for motor function, functional recovery, and post-stroke complications in patients with severe stroke: a systematic review update
Authors: Roesner Katrin , Scheffler Bettina , Kaehler Martina , Schmidt-Maciejewski Bianca , Boettger Tabea , Saal Susanne 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhysical therapy interventions play a crucial role in the daily care of patients recovering from severe stroke. However, the efficacy of these interventions and associated modalities, including duration, intensity, and frequency, have not been fully elucidated. In 2020, a systematic review reported the beneficial effects of physical therapy for patients with severe stroke but did not assess therapeutic modalities. We aim to update the current evidence on the effects of physical therapy interventions and their modalities in relation to the recovery phase in people with severe stroke in a hospital or inpatient rehabilitation facility.MethodsWe searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and three other relevant databases between December 2018 and March 2021 and updated the search between April 2021 and March 2023. ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP for searching trial registries helped to identify ongoing RCTs since 2023. We included individual and cluster randomized controlled trials in the English and German languages that compared physical therapy interventions to similar or other interventions, usual care, or no intervention in a hospital or rehabilitation inpatient setting. We screened the studies from this recent review for eligibility criteria, especially according to the setting. Critical appraisal was performed according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2.0. The data were synthesized narratively.ResultsThe update identified 15 new studies, cumulating in a total of 30 studies (n = 2545 participants) meeting the eligibility criteria. These studies reported 54 outcomes and 20 physical therapy interventions. Two studies included participants during the hyperacute phase, 4 during the acute phase,18 during the early subacute phase, and 3 in the late subacute phase. Three studies started in the chronic phase. Summarised evidence has revealed an uncertain effect of physical therapy on patient outcomes (with moderate to low-quality evidence). Most studies showed a high risk of bias and did not reach the optimal sample size. Little was stated about the standard care and their therapy modalities.DiscussionThere is conflicting evidence for the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions in patients with severe stroke. There is a need for additional high-quality studies that also systematically report therapeutic modalities from a multidimensional perspective in motor stroke recovery. Due to the high risk of bias and the generally small sample size of the included studies, the generalizability of the findings to large and heterogeneous volumes of outcome data is limited.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42021244285.
A thematic analysis of the subjective experiences of mothers with borderline personality disorder who completed Mother-Infant Dialectical Behaviour Therapy: a 3-year follow-up
Authors: Giles Alexandra , Sved Williams Anne , Webb Stephanie , Drioli-Phillips Phoebe , Winter Amelia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Perinatal borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common condition in perinatal mental health settings with few specialised treatment options, and little is known about the enduring effects of available treatment programs. This study explored the follow-up experiences of women with BPD after completing Mother-Infant Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (MI-DBT).

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight women who had completed MI-DBT 3 years prior. Reflexive Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the interviews to gain a richer understanding of these mothers’ lived experience.

Results
A thematic analysis generated four main themes which indicated that participants found that MI-DBT improved their ability to hold their child in mind, be aware of their own internal state and behaviours, manage their own emotional reactions and stay calm, and manage interpersonal interactions within adult relationships. Mothers with perinatal borderline personality disorder also highlighted the need for ongoing support in the context of parenting.

Conclusions
This study is the first of its kind to explore the longer-term experiences of mothers following such an intervention, giving voice to this vulnerable group of women. The findings of this study provide a greater understanding of the complex challenges experienced as part of parenting for mothers with borderline personality disorder, and provides both insight into mothers’ experiences of life after MI-DBT and the impact of the program on their lives. The clinical and research implications of the study’s findings are discussed.

Trial registration
This research was retrospectively registered on 07/03/2024, ACTRN12624000225516.
Diabetic macular edema (DME): dissecting pathogenesis, prognostication, diagnostic modalities along with current and futuristic therapeutic insights
Authors: Sakini Ahmed Sermed Al , Hamid Abdulrahman Khaldoon , Alkhuzaie Zainab A. , Al-Aish Sandra Thair , Al-Zubaidi Shahad , Tayem Abduljaber A’Ed , Alobi Mohammed Ayad , Sakini Anne Sermed Al , Al-Aish Rami Thair , Al-Shami Khayry , Hanifa Hamdah , Khunda Sara S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne of the most common health concerns disturbing people within working years globally is diabetes mellitus (DM). One well-known consequence of DM is vascular damage, which can manifest as macro- and microangiopathy affecting the ocular retina. Therefore, Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major sight-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy (DR) worldwide. It is the most prevalent cause of significant vision impairment in diabetic patients. Long-term vision loss can be avoided by following early DME treatment guidelines in everyday life. Hence, there are various therapeutic approaches for DME management. Currently, the first-line treatment for DME is anti-VEGF family drugs, such as ranibizumab, brolucizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept. Nevertheless, relapses of the disease, inadequate response, and resistance during anti-VEGF therapy are still seen because of the intricate pathophysiological foundation of the disease. Consequently, there is an excellent requirement for therapeutic approaches to advance and become better at controlling diseases more satisfactorily and require fewer treatments overall. We conducted a thorough literature search in the current review to present a comprehensive overview of the primary data about the current DME therapeutic agents. We also covered the novel advances in DME management and probable future treatments being investigated and developed. This review recommended that Large clinical trials should afford sufficient evidence to support these innovative treatment modalities.
Transfer learning classification of suspicious lesions on breast ultrasound: is there room to avoid biopsies of benign lesions?
Authors: De Marco Paolo , Ricciardi Valerio , Montesano Marta , Cassano Enrico , Origgi Daniela 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women and the second cause of cancer death. In recent years, there has been a strong development in artificial intelligence (AI) applications in medical imaging for several tasks. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of transfer learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in discriminating suspicious breast lesions on ultrasound images.

Methods
Transfer learning performances of five different CNNs (Inception V3, Xception, Densenet121, VGG 16, and ResNet50) were evaluated on a public and on an institutional dataset (526 and 392 images, respectively), customizing the top layers for the specific task. Institutional images were contoured by an expert radiologist and processed to feed the CNNs for training and testing. Postimaging biopsies were used as a reference standard for classification. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was used to assess diagnostic performance.

Results
Networks performed very well on the public dataset (AUROC 0.938–0.996). The direct generalization to the institutional dataset resulted in lower performances (max AUROC 0.676); however, when tested on BI-RADS 3 and BI-RADS 5 only, results were improved (max AUROC 0.792). Good results were achieved on the institutional dataset (AUROC 0.759–0.818) and, when selecting a threshold of 2% for classification, a sensitivity of 0.983 was obtained for three of five CNNs, with the potential to spare biopsy in 15.3%–18.6% of patients.

Conclusion
In conclusion, transfer learning with CNNs may achieve high sensitivity and might be used as a support tool in managing suspicious breast lesions on ultrasound images.

Relevance statement
Transfer learning is a powerful technique to exploit the performances of well-trained CNNs for image classification. In a clinical scenario, it might be useful for the management of suspicious breast lesions on breast ultrasound, potentially sparing biopsy in a non-negligible number of patients.

Key Points

Properly trained CNNs with transfer learning are highly effective in differentiating benign and malignant lesions on breast ultrasound.

Setting clinical thresholds increased sensitivity.

CNNs might be useful as support tools in managing suspicious lesions on breast ultrasound.

Graphical Abstract