bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of long‐acting reversible contraception in a cluster‐random sample of female sex workers in Kenya
Authors: Ampt Frances H. , Lim Megan S.C. , Agius Paul A. , Chersich Matthew F. , Manguro Griffins , Gichuki Caroline M. , Stoové Mark , Temmerman Marleen , Jaoko Walter , Hellard Margaret , Gichangi Peter , Luchters Stanley 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess correlates of long‐acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) use, and explore patterns of LARC use among female sex workers (FSWs) in Kenya.MethodsBaseline cross‐sectional data were collected between September 2016 and May 2017 in a cluster‐randomized controlled trial in Mombasa. Eligibility criteria included current sex work, age 16–34 years, not pregnant, and not planning pregnancy. Peer educators recruited FSWs from randomly selected sex‐work venues. Multiple logistic regression identified correlates of LARC use. Prevalence estimates were weighted to adjust for variation in FSW numbers recruited across venues.ResultsAmong 879 participants, the prevalence of contraceptive use was 22.6% for implants and 1.6% for intra‐uterine devices (IUDs). LARC use was independently associated with previous pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio for one pregnancy, 11.4; 95% confidence interval, 4.25–30.8), positive attitude to and better knowledge of family planning, younger age, and lower education. High rates of adverse effects were reported for all methods.ConclusionThe findings suggest that implant use has increased among FSWs in Kenya. Unintended pregnancy risks remain high and IUD use is negligible. Although LARC rates are encouraging, further intervention is required to improve both uptake (particularly of IUDs) and greater access to family planning services.
Caregivers’ emotional competence and behavioral responsiveness as correlates of early childcare workers’ relationships with children in their care
Authors: Garner Pamela W. , Parker Tameka S. , Prigmore Sarah B. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn the current study, we examined associations among early childcare workers’ emotional competence, observed responsiveness, comfort with socioemotional teaching practices, and the quality of their relationships with children in their care. The participants were 100 early childcare workers (72 center‐based Early Head Start teachers and 28 family childcare providers). Results showed that caregivers’ emotion regulation ability was positively associated with caregiver–child relational closeness. Understanding and regulation of emotion were both positively associated with childcare workers’ comfort with socioemotional teaching practices. Their observed responsiveness was positively related to relational closeness and negatively related to relational conflict. Findings are consistent with aspects of the prosocial classroom model, which asserts that educators high in emotional and social competence tend to adopt childcare practices that result in supportive relationships with children. Results provide insight into whether childcare workers’ responsiveness to young children and their perceived socioemotional teaching practices provide a pathway between emotional competence and the quality of caregiver–child relationships.
Combined docosahexaenoic acid and thyroid hormone supplementation as a protocol supporting energy supply to precondition and afford protection against metabolic stress situations
Authors: Videla Luis A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLiver preconditioning (PC) refers to the development of an enhanced tolerance to injuring stimuli. For example, the protection from ischemia–reperfusion (IR) in the liver that is obtained by previous maneuvers triggering beneficial molecular and functional changes. Recently, we have assessed the PC effects of thyroid hormone (T3; single dose of 0.1 mg/kg) and n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LCPUFAs; daily doses of 450 mg/kg for 7 days) that abrogate IR injury to the liver. This feature is also achieved by a combined T3 and the n‐3 LCPUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) using a reduced period of supplementation of the FA (daily doses of 300 mg/kg for 3 days) and half of the T3 dosage (0.05 mg/kg). T3‐dependent protective mechanisms include (i) the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent activation of transcription factors nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), AP‐1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) upregulating the expression of protective proteins. (ii) ROS‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress affording proper protein folding. (iii) The autophagy response to produce FAs for oxidation and ATP supply and amino acids for protein synthesis. (iv) Downregulation of inflammasome nucleotide‐bonding oligomerization domain leucine‐rich repeat containing family pyrin containing 3 and interleukin‐1β expression to prevent inflammation. N‐3 LCPUFAs induce antioxidant responses due to Nrf2 upregulation, with inflammation resolution being related to production of oxidation products and NF‐κB downregulation. Energy supply to achieve liver PC is met by the combined DHA plus T3 protocol through upregulation of AMPK coupled to peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator 1α signaling. In conclusion, DHA plus T3 coadministration favors hepatic bioenergetics and lipid homeostasis that is of crucial importance in acute and clinical conditions such as IR, which may be extended to long‐term or chronic situations including steatosis in obesity and diabetes. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1211–1220, 2019
Nuclear stress bodies: Interaction of its components in oncogenic regulation
Authors: Chatterjee Manjima , Dass J. Febin Prabhu , Sengupta Sonali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOncogenesis involves continuous genetic alterations that lead to compromised cellular integrity and immortal cell fate. The cells remain under excessive stress due to endo‐ and exogenous influences. Human Satellite III long noncoding RNA (SatIII lncRNA) is a key regulator of the global cellular stress response, although its function is poorly explained in cancers. The principal regulator of cancer meshwork is tumor protein p53, which if altered may result in chemoresistance. The heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) being a common molecule between the oncogenic control and global cellular stress acts as an oncogene as well as transcribes SatIII upon heat shock. This prompted us to determine the structure of SatIII RNA and establish the association between SatIII‐HSF1‐p53. We determined the most stable structure of SatIII RNA with the least energy of − 115.7 kcal/mol. Also, we observed a possible interaction of p53 with SatIII and HSF1 using support vector machine (SVM) algorithm for predicting RNA‐protein interaction (RPI). Further, we employ the STRING database to understand if p53 is an interacting component of the nuclear stress bodies (nSBs). A precise inference was drawn from molecular docking which confirmed the interaction of SatIII‐HSF1‐p53, where a mutated p53 resulted in an altered DNA‐binding property with the SatIII molecule. This study being first of its kind infers p53 to be a possible integral component of the nSBs, which may regulate cellular stress response during cancer progression in the presence of HSF1 and SatIII. An extended research on the regulations of SatIII and p53 may open new avenues in the field of apoptosis in cancer and the early approach of molecular targeting.
NEK5 interacts with topoisomerase IIβ and is involved in the DNA damage response induced by etoposide
Authors: Melo‐Hanchuk Talita Diniz , Slepicka Priscila Ferreira , Pelegrini Alessandra Luiza , Menck Carlos Frederico Martins , Kobarg Jörg 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCells are daily submitted to high levels of DNA lesions that trigger complex pathways and cellular responses by cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, alterations in transcriptional response, and the onset of DNA repair. Members of the NIMA‐related kinase (NEK) family have been related to DNA damage response and repair and the first insight about NEK5 in this context is related to its role in centrosome separation resulting in defects in chromosome integrity. Here we investigate the potential correlation between NEK5 and the DNA damage repair index. The effect of NEK5 in double‐strand breaks caused by etoposide was accessed by alkaline comet assay and revealed that NEK5‐silenced cells are more sensitive to etoposide treatment. Topoisomerase IIβ (TOPIIβ) is a target of etoposide that leads to the production of DNA breaks. We demonstrate that NEK5 interacts with TOPIIβ, and the dynamics of this interaction is evaluated by proximity ligation assay. The complex NEK5/TOPIIβ is formed immediately after etoposide treatment. Taken together, the results of our study reveal that NEK5 depletion increases DNA damage and impairs proper DNA damage response, pointing out NEK5 as a potential kinase contributor to genomic stability.
Risk and resources: A qualitative perspective on low‐level sentencing in Virginia
Authors: Metz Anne , Monahan John , Garrett Brandon , Siebert Luke 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVirginia's sentencing guidelines include alternative sanctions based on the use of a quantitative instrument called the Nonviolent Risk Assessment (NVRA) that identifies individuals convicted of drug and property crimes that are considered to be at lower risk of recidivism. Although nondispositive, the NVRA affords judges the discretion to grant alternative sentences to eligible low‐risk defendants. In this study, we explore how judges make use of the NVRA instrument when sentencing individuals convicted of low‐level drug and property crimes. Through semistructured interviews (N = 24) and inductive thematic analysis, the research team identified contextual factors that influence the use of the NVRA results, including: the availability of alternative programs in a community, the role of court actors, particularly prosecutors, in shaping the sentencing outcomes, as well as an individual judge's willingness to defer to or reject negotiated plea agreements offered by the prosecutor. Our research shows that while some judges are aware of and embrace the benefits of the instrument, others lack knowledge altogether of its function and empirical basis. We identified seven themes that account for variation in how actuarial risk is utilized in the sentencing process. Our findings provide insight into the practical challenges of using risk‐based assessment as a tool for the sentencing of low‐level convictions. As more states adopt risk‐based approaches to sentencing, studying Virginia, which has gone farther than other states in legislating this strategy, becomes increasingly important.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Suggests Limited Drug‐Drug Interaction for Fesoterodine When Coadministered With Mirabegron
Authors: Lin Jian , Goosen Theunis C. , Tse Susanna , Yamagami Hidetomi , Malhotra Bimal 
Published: May 2019

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethyl tolterodine (5‐HMT; the active fesoterodine metabolite) is metabolized via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A pathways. Mirabegron is a moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor and weak CYP3A inhibitor. Potential drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) following coadministration of these 2 overactive bladder treatments were estimated using physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, developed and verified by comparing predicted and observed pharmacokinetic profiles from clinical studies. Models predicted and verified mirabegron and desipramine (CYP2D6 substrate) and 5‐HMT and ketoconazole (strong CYP3A inhibitor) DDIs. Mirabegron model‐predicted mean steady‐state AUC and Cmax were within 11% of clinical observations. The predicted versus observed geometric mean ratio (GMR) of AUCinf for CYP2D6 substrates desipramine and metoprolol coadministered with mirabegron 100 or 160 mg once daily were 3.47 versus 3.41 and 2.97 versus 3.29, respectively, indicating that the mirabegron model can be used to predict clinical CYP2D6 inhibition. 5‐HMT fractional clearance by CYP3A and CYP2D6 was verified from clinical DDI studies with a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor (ketoconazole) and inducer (rifampicin) in CYP2D6 extensive and poor metabolizers and with a moderate CYP3A inhibitor (fluconazole) in healthy volunteers. 5‐HMT AUCinf and Cmax GMRs for fesoterodine DDIs were all predicted within 1.26‐fold of clinical observation, providing verification for the fesoterodine substrate model. The predicted changes in 5‐HMT AUCinf and Cmax ratios for 8 mg fesoterodine when coadministered with 50 mg mirabegron were 1.22‐fold and 1.17‐fold, respectively, relative to 8 mg fesoterodine given alone. This modest increase in 5‐HMT exposures by approximately 20% is considered clinically insignificant and would not require fesoterodine dose adjustment when coadministered with mirabegron within approved daily‐dose ranges.
The impact of postsynaptic density 95 blocking peptide (Tat‐NR2B9c) and an iNOS inhibitor (1400W) on proteomic profile of the hippocampus in C57BL/6J mouse model of kainate‐induced epileptogenesis
Authors: Tse Karen , Hammond Dean , Simpson Deborah , Beynon Robert J. , Beamer Edward , Tymianski Michael , Salter Michael W. , Sills Graeme J. , Thippeswamy Thimmasettappa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAntiepileptogenic agents that prevent the development of epilepsy following a brain insult remain the holy grail of epilepsy therapeutics. We have employed a label‐free proteomic approach that allows quantification of large numbers of brain‐expressed proteins in a single analysis in the mouse (male C57BL/6J) kainate (KA) model of epileptogenesis. In addition, we have incorporated two putative antiepileptogenic drugs, postsynaptic density protein‐95 blocking peptide (PSD95BP or Tat‐NR2B9c) and a highly selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 1400W, to give an insight into how such agents might ameliorate epileptogenesis. The test drugs were administered after the induction of status epilepticus (SE) and the animals were euthanized at 7 days, their hippocampi removed, and subjected to LC‐MS/MS analysis. A total of 2,579 proteins were identified; their normalized abundance was compared between treatment groups using ANOVA, with correction for multiple testing by false discovery rate. Significantly altered proteins were subjected to gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. KA‐induced SE was most robustly associated with an alteration in the abundance of proteins involved in neuroinflammation, including heat shock protein beta‐1 (HSP27), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and CD44 antigen. Treatment with PSD95BP or 1400W moderated the abundance of several of these proteins plus that of secretogranin and Src substrate cortactin. Pathway analysis identified the glutamatergic synapse as a key target for both drugs. Our observations require validation in a larger‐scale investigation, with candidate proteins explored in more detail. Nevertheless, this study has identified several mechanisms by which epilepsy might develop and several targets for novel drug development.Open Practices

This article has been awarded Open Data. All materials and data are publicly accessible as supporting information. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Biogenic amines and activity levels alter the neural energetic response to aggressive social cues in the honey bee Apis mellifera
Authors: Rittschof Clare C. , Vekaria Hemendra J. , Palmer Joseph H. , Sullivan Patrick G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMitochondrial activity is highly dynamic in the healthy brain, and it can reflect both the signaling potential and the signaling history of neural circuits. Recent studies spanning invertebrates to mammals have highlighted a role for neural mitochondrial dynamics in learning and memory processes as well as behavior. In the current study, we investigate the interplay between biogenic amine signaling and neural energetics in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. In this species, aggressive behaviors are regulated by neural energetic state and biogenic amine titers, but it is unclear how these mechanisms are linked to impact behavioral expression. We show that brain mitochondrial number is highest in aggression‐relevant brain regions and in individual bees that are most responsive to aggressive cues, emphasizing the importance of energetics in modulating this phenotype. We also show that the neural energetic response to alarm pheromone, an aggression inducing social cue, is activity dependent, modulated by the “fight or flight” insect neurotransmitter octopamine. Two other neuroactive compounds known to cause variation in aggression, dopamine, and serotonin, also modulate neural energetic state in aggression‐relevant regions of the brain. However, the effects of these compounds on respiration at baseline and following alarm pheromone exposure are distinct, suggesting unique mechanisms underlying variation in mitochondrial respiration in these circuits. These results motivate new explanations for the ways in which biogenic amines alter sensory perception in the context of aggression. Considering neural energetics improves predictions about the regulation of complex and context‐dependent behavioral phenotypes.
Tourists' reflections on sustainability in a biosphere reserve landscape
Authors: Hoppstadius Fredrik 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is a lack of critical engagement and a focus on practical solutions in sustainable tourism debates. Research on biosphere reserve (BR) tourists has focused mainly on descriptions, while not critically engaging in issues relating to sustainable tourism. This article explores tourists' reflections on sustainable development in the landscape of a Swedish BR. The findings indicate that BR landscapes can increase environmental awareness, that aesthetics are important to how tourists make sense of sustainability, and that the functionality of the BR landscape shows how people perceive environmental concerns and how they see their own roles in affecting the landscape.
Acne Treatment With Light Absorbing Gold Microparticles and Optical Pulses: An Open‐Label European Multi‐Centered Study in Moderate to Moderately Severe Acne Vulgaris Patients
Authors: Fuchs Christine Sofie Krohn , Bay Christiane , Adatto Maurice , Lomholt Hans , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: May 2019

Background and ObjectiveRecently, a novel acne treatment based on selective photothermolysis of pilosebaceous units with follicular delivery of inert gold microparticles as an exogenous chromophore and diode laser pulses has been developed. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single monotherapy treatment regimen with gold microparticles and diode laser exposure in patients with moderate and moderately severe acne. Further, to evaluate the added benefit of a second treatment regimen combined with pharmaceutical acne treatment in patients with inadequate initial response.Materials and MethodsPatients with moderate and moderately severe facial acne were recruited in this open‐label, pilot study. A single treatment regimen consisted of three weekly facial treatments with topically applied gold microparticles and diode laser pulses. Outcome measures were the proportion of patients with ≥40% improvement in number of acne lesions (weighted lesion count [WLC]) at 12 weeks (single treatment regimen, primary outcome measure), 24, and 36 weeks from baseline (two treatment regimens), safety, and patient satisfaction.ResultsA total of 28 patients were enrolled in the study (18 males, 10 females, 19 patients with moderate acne severity, 9 with moderately severe, mean age: 19.8 years). Twenty‐five patients underwent analysis for outcome measures. After a single monotherapy treatment regimen, 76% patients (19/25) achieved ≥40% reduction in WLC (mean WLC reduction: 63%; SD: 13%). Of the patients undergoing two treatment regimens (n = 9 patients), 56% experienced a reduction in acne lesion burden (WLC) ≥40% at 24 weeks and 89% 36 weeks post‐baseline. Mean pain score was 4.0 (SD: 1.3), and transient erythema and perifollicular edema were commonly noted after treatment. Most patients (81%) were either “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the treatment.ConclusionAcne therapy based on selective photothermolysis with gold microparticles shows promise and may be used in treatment of moderate to moderately severe acne. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Different 980‐nm Diode Laser Parameters in Hepatectomy
Authors: Ma Tao , Chai Yi‐Chao , Zhu Hao‐Yang , Chen Huan , Wang Yue , Li Qing‐Shan , Pang Li‐Hui , Wu Rong‐Qian , Lv Yi , Dong Ding‐Hui 
Published: May 2019

Background and ObjectiveDespite the successful application of laser in animal experiments and clinics, the adjustment of laser parameters during surgery is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different 980‐nm diode laser parameters in hepatectomy. This could provide a clear protocol for using 980‐nm diode laser in hepatectomy.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn total, 48 Sprague–Dawley rats were used to explore the effects of different 980‐nm diode laser parameters in hepatectomy, by setting different parameter combinations. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups, including the continuous wave group and quasi‐continuous wave group. The effects were assessed in terms of liver resection speed, extent of intraoperative bleeding, and thermal damage.ResultsIn the quasi‐continuous wave group, there was a significant difference in resection speed at the different laser parameters (P < 0.001); however, there was no significant difference in intraoperative bleeding and thermal damage. In the continuous wave group, there was a significant difference in resection speed, intraoperative bleeding, and thermal damage at different parameters.ConclusionThe study showed that the average power determined hemostasis efficiency and thermal damage, and peak power determined the liver resection speed, whereas the pulse width and repetition frequency are not independent factors. When using 980‐nm diode laser in hepatectomy, the average power should be decreased to prove hemostasis efficiency in delicate operations, and the peak power should be decreased to accelerate the procedure without worsening thermal damage. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.