bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production stability and biomass quality in microalgal cultivation – Contribution of community dynamics
Authors: Olofsson Martin , Lindehoff Elin , Legrand Catherine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe prospect of using constructed communities of microalgae in algal cultivation was confirmed in this study. Three different algal communities, constructed of diatoms (Diatom), green algae (Green), and cyanobacteria (Cyano), each mixed with a natural community of microalgae were cultivated in batch and semi‐continuous mode and fed CO2 or cement flue gas (12–15% CO2). Diatom had the highest growth rate but Green had the highest yield. Changes in the community composition occurred throughout the experiment. Green algae were the most competitive group, while filamentous cyanobacteria were outcompeted. Euglenoids, recruited from scarce species in the natural community became a large part of the biomass in semi‐steady state in all communities. High temporal and yield stability were demonstrated in all communities during semi‐steady state. Valuable products (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) comprised 61.5 ± 5% of ash‐free biomass and were similar for the three communities with lipids ranging 14–26% of dry mass (DM), proteins (15–28% DM) and carbohydrates (9–23% DM). Our results indicate that culture functions (stability, biomass quality) were maintained while dynamic changes occurred in community composition. We propose that a multispecies community approach can aid sustainability in microalgal cultivation, through complementary use of resources and higher culture stability.
Suberin and hemicellulose in sugarcane cell wall architecture and crop digestibility: A biotechnological perspective
Authors: Figueiredo Raquel , Araújo Pedro , Llerena Juan Pablo P. , Mazzafera Paulo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSugarcane is a highly efficient biomass producer used in the last decades for bioethanol and bioelectricity production, as well as for animal feeding. Together with lignin, suberin is a major factor for the low sugarcane biomass digestibility by ruminants. The lipid–phenolic biomolecular composition and the ultrastructure of suberin and associated waxes confer them extraordinary properties of hydrophobicity, flexibility, and anti‐microbial resistance, responsible for the low digestibility of suberized tissues. Additionally, hemicelluloses cross‐linked with suberin and lignin also contribute appreciably to cell wall recalcitrance. In this review, a main focus was given to suberin and secondly to hemicellulose and how they may interfere with ruminant digestibility. Suberin and hemicellulose deposition and biomolecular composition are genetically regulated, showing a close regulatory interplay with phenylpropanoid and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, cutin disruption, and stress and defense responses. Understanding the bulk of transcription factors network and hormonal regulatory mechanisms will allow accurate biotechnological approaches to the production of more feasible forage sugarcane.
Continuous production of eugenol esters using enzymatic packed‐bed microreactors and an evaluation of the products as antifungal agents
Authors: Giovannini Pier Paolo , Catani Martina , Massi Alessandro , Sacchetti Gianni , Tacchini Massimo , de Oliveira Débora , Lerin Lindomar Alberto 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe enzymatic synthesis of biologically active compounds is receiving increasing interest from academic and industrial researchers. Herein, we report on the continuous‐flow enzymatic production of eugenol esters with packed‐bed microreactors prepared with the Novozym 435 and Lipozyme RM IM lipases. After optimization of the independent process variables, namely temperature (68 °C), flow rate (8 μL min−1), and eugenol/isobutyric anhydride molar ratio (1 : 5) by means of experimental design methodologies, the unprecedented continuous‐flow production of eugenyl isobutyrate has been achieved with steady‐state conversions of 77 and 70%, using packed‐bed microreactors prepared with Novozym 435 and Lipozyme RM IM, respectively. With acetic anhydride as the acylating agent, the same reactors, under the same conditions, afforded eugenyl acetate with steady‐state conversions of 82% (Novozym 435) and 90% (Lipozyme RM IM). The two ester products have been tested against phytopathogenic and dermatophytic fungi, demonstrating interesting action against dermatophytic fungi. The reported results demonstrated the suitability of the enzymatic packed‐bed microreactors as a sustainable and scalable technology for the solvent‐free continuous‐flow production of biologically active esters of eugenol.
Texture and sensory characterization of functional yogurt supplemented with flaxseed during cold storage
Authors: Mousavi Malihe , Heshmati Ali , Daraei Garmakhany Amir , Vahidinia Aliasghar , Taheri Mehdi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, flaxseed was used as a functional ingredient in yogurt formulations. The goal of this study was to produce prebiotic yogurt supplemented with flaxseed and investigation of its texture and sensory properties. Yogurt samples containing 0%–4% flaxseed was produced and stored at refrigerator (4–5°C) for 28 days. Textural properties were determined by texture analysis, and sensory characteristics were assessed by 26 trained panelists. Addition of flaxseed to yogurt samples increased the hardness, gumminess, chewiness, cohesiveness, and springiness values in produced yogurt samples. However, adhesiveness level was reduced in a sample enriched with flaxseed. By increasing flaxseed concentration, the color of samples was significantly different than the control sample; L* value was diminished and a* and b* value increased. Sensory scores including taste and mouthfeel, appearance, and overall acceptance showed reduction trend in samples containing a high level of flaxseed. In general, results showed that the addition of 2.63% flaxseed into yogurt samples lead to produce functional food with satisfactory texture, sensory characteristics that sustained these properties until 17.17 days after cold storage.
Eastern extension of the Solonker‐Xar Moron‐Changchun‐Yanji Suture Zone: Constraints from thermochronology of sedimentary and mafic rocks in the Hunchun‐Yanji area, Northeast China
Authors: Zhou Jianping , Liu Yongjiang , Li Weimin , Wen Quanbo , Liang Chenyue , Feng Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2019

The Late Palaeozoic Solonker‐Xar Moron‐Changchun‐Yanji Suture (SXCYS) is considered to mark the location of the final closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean, which separated the North China Craton to the south and the amalgamated blocks to the north in Northeast China. There has always been controversy about its eastern extension in Northeast China and the final closure time of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean. To explore this issue, we collected gabbro and quartz‐diorite samples in the Hunchun area for the genesis of mafic magma and age dating, and five groups of Permian to Triassic sandstones belonging to both sides of the potential suture locations in the middle and east Jilin Province for the provenance analysis to discuss the final closure time of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean and the possible positions of the eastward termination of the SXCYS. The gabbro reveals a Middle Permian concordia average age of 266.9 ± 5.2 Ma, and the quartz diorite reveals a Late Permian Concordia average age of 258.8 ± 4.8 Ma. Lithological and geochemical analysis reveal the two rock samples belong to low‐K arc tholeiites from the oceanic island and calk‐alkaline volcanics from the active continental margin, respectively, which implies that during the middle to late Permian, the SW margin of the Jiamusi–Khanka Block (JB) continuously experienced the subduction process from the Paleo‐Asian Ocean Plate. The final closure time of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean should be later than the Late Permian. Meanwhile, four groups of sandstone from the east Jilin reveal typically Jiamusi–Mongolia Block (JMB) provenance features, with age components of ~500 Ma, ~0.9–1.5 Ga implying that the Wangqing, Hunchun, Kaishantun area belongs to the northern part of the SXCYS from late Early Permian to Middle Triassic, with youngest age components of 288.2 ± 2.8, 275.5 ± 1.8, 250 ± 1.7, and 244.9 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively. The late Early Permian sandstone from the middle Jilin reveals the youngest age component of 273.8 ± 3.4 Ma and the age component of 487 ± 3 Ma also revealing JMB feature. Comparing to previous studies, we propose that the Paleo‐Asian Ocean finally closed during Middle to Late Triassic. A possible ENE fault separates the eastern extension of SXCYS into two parts, which means the possible position of the eastward extension of the SXCYS should go along the Wangqing‐Kaishantun with NNW direction in the west, Hunchun‐Laoheishan with NW direction in the east.
Intraoperative blood transfusion predicts postoperative delirium among older patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Chou Ming‐Yueh , Wang Yu‐Chun , Peng Li‐Ning , Liang Chih‐Kuang , Chu Che‐Sheng , Liao Mei‐Chen , Lin Yu‐Te , Hsu Chien‐Jen , Chen Liang‐Kung 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the roles of preoperative anemia and intraoperative blood transfusion in the development of postoperative delirium among older patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery.MethodsThis prospective cohort study recruited subjects aged 60 years old and above who were admitted for elective orthopedic surgery in a tertiary medical center during April 2011 to December 2013. Demographic data (age, gender, body mass index [BMI], and educational level), surgery‐related factors (American Society of Anesthesiology [ASA] class, type of anesthesia and surgery, and intraoperative blood transfusion), results of geriatric assessment (hearing/visual impairment, cognition, depressive mood, comorbidity, malnutrition, polypharmacy, activities of daily living [ADL], and instrumental activities of daily living [IADL]), laboratory data, length of hospital stay, and the development of postoperative delirium were collected for analysis.ResultsOverall, 461 patients (mean age: 73.5 ± 7.5 years, 42.1% males) were enrolled for study, and 37 (8.0%) of them developed postoperative delirium. We categorized all subjects into four groups based on anemia on admission and blood transfusion during operation or not. Multivariate logistic regression showed that subjects with anemia on admission and received intraoperative blood transfusion were at higher risk of developing postoperative delirium (adjusted odds ratio 3.090; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.070‐8.926) and those without anemia on admission but received intraoperative blood transfusion were at marginal risk (adjusted odds ratio 2.906; 95% CI, 0.912‐9.259) after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsAnemic older patients receiving intraoperative blood transfusion during operation were at the greatest risk for postoperative delirium when they underwent elective orthopedic surgery. Further intervention study is needed to reduce the risk of postoperative delirium for these patients.
Perfusion weighted imaging using combined gradient/spin echo EPIK: Brain tumour applications in hybrid MR‐PET
Authors: Shah N. Jon , da Silva Nuno André , Yun Seong Dae 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAdvanced perfusion‐weighted imaging (PWI) methods that combine gradient echo (GE) and spin echo (SE) data are important tools for the study of brain tumours. In PWI, single‐shot, EPI‐based methods have been widely used due to their relatively high imaging speed. However, when used with increasing spatial resolution, single‐shot EPI methods often show limitations in whole‐brain coverage for multi‐contrast applications. To overcome this limitation, this work employs a new version of EPI with keyhole (EPIK) to provide five echoes: two with GEs, two with mixed GESE and one with SE; the sequence is termed “GESE‐EPIK.” The performance of GESE‐EPIK is evaluated against its nearest relative, EPI, in terms of the temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR). Here, data from brain tumour patients were acquired using a hybrid 3T MR‐BrainPET scanner.GESE‐EPIK resulted in reduced susceptibility artefacts, shorter TEs for the five echoes and increased brain coverage when compared to EPI. Moreover, compared to EPI, EPIK achieved a comparable tSNR for the first and second echoes and significantly higher tSNR for other echoes.A new method to obtain multi‐echo GE and SE data with shorter TEs and increased brain coverage is demonstrated. As proposed here, the workflow can be shortened and the integration of multimodal clinical MR‐PET studies can be facilitated.
Patient costs of hypertension care in public health care facilities in Kenya
Authors: Oyando Robinson , Njoroge Martin , Nguhiu Peter , Kirui Fredrick , Mbui Jane , Sigilai Antipa , Bukania Zipporah , Obala Andrew , Munge Kenneth , Etyang Anthony , Barasa Edwine 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundHypertension in low‐ and middle‐income countries, including Kenya, is of economic importance due to its increasing prevalence and its potential to present an economic burden to households. In this study, we examined the patient costs associated with obtaining care for hypertension in public health care facilities in Kenya.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study among adult respondents above 18 years of age, with at least 6 months of treatment in two counties. A total of 212 patients seeking hypertension care at five public facilities were interviewed, and information on care seeking and the associated costs was obtained. We computed both annual direct and indirect costs borne by these patients.ResultsOverall, the mean annual direct cost to patients was US$ 304.8 (95% CI, 235.7‐374.0). Medicines (mean annual cost, US$ 168.9; 95% CI, 132.5‐205.4), transport (mean annual cost, US$ 126.7; 95% CI, 77.6‐175.9), and user charges (mean annual cost, US$ 57.7; 95% CI, 43.7‐71.6) were the highest direct cost categories. Overall mean annual indirect cost was US$ 171.7 (95% CI, 152.8‐190.5). The incidence of catastrophic health care costs was 43.3% (95% CI, 36.8‐50.2) and increased to 59.0% (95% CI, 52.2‐65.4) when transport costs were included.ConclusionsHypertensive patients incur substantial direct and indirect costs. High rates of catastrophic costs illustrate the urgency of improving financial risk protection for these patients and strengthening primary care to ensure affordability of hypertension care.
Three‐dimensional 3D ultrasound combined with power Doppler for the differential diagnosis of endometrial lesions among infertile women
Authors: Ni Jia , Han Bingbing , Liang Jiabin , Wang Fang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound combined with power Doppler (PD) for the differential diagnosis of endometrial lesions among infertile women.MethodsA prospective study carried out at a reproductive medicine center in Luoyang, China, between January and December 2015. The inclusion criteria were asymptomatic infertility with normal endometrium or specific endometrial lesions. Participants were subdivided by whether they had normal endometrium (group 1, n=357), or endometrial lesions including polyps, hyperplasia, intrauterine adhesions, or endometritis (group 2, n=99). 3D PD and hysteroscopy were performed in the follicular phase. Endometrial thickness, volume, vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI), and subendometrial VI, FI, and VFI were calculated. Endometrial lesions were confirmed by pathologic analysis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of endometrial lesions was 99/456 (21.3%). Endometrial thickness and volume were significantly larger in group 2 than in group 1 (9.96 ± 3.24 vs 8.15 ± 2.50 mm and 3.70 ± 2.54 vs 2.42 ± 1.64 cm3, respectively; both P<0.001). Endometrial thickness and volume were larger among women with endometrial polyps and hyperplasia; endometrial VI, FI, and VFI were lower among women with intrauterine adhesions.ConclusionThree‐dimensional PD has value for the differential diagnosis of endometrial lesions among infertile women.Clinical trial registrationThe trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry as ChiCTR1800015799.
Recovery from drought: Viability and hatching patterns of hydrated and desiccated zooplankton resting eggs
Authors: Vargas Anderson L. , Santangelo Jayme M. , Bozelli Reinaldo L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany zooplankton organisms produce resting eggs before harsh environmental conditions. After aquatic systems are recovered, animals hatch from resting eggs and help re‐establish active communities. However, although the ability of resting eggs to survive desiccation is largely known, it is unclear to what extent the duration of desiccation affects the viability and hatching patterns of resting eggs. In this study, we assessed the viability of resting egg banks in naturally wet and dry sediments through ex‐situ hatching experiments. In addition, we simulated dry out episodes of different durations (2 and 8 months) in wet sediments originating from temporary systems. We observed hatchlings of rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, ostracods, and anostracans in wet and dry sediments. Drying the sediments for different durations did not change the species richness and composition of hatchlings, possibly because temporary systems select for species and genotypes that are more prone to producing resting eggs, which survive desiccation. However, some species were stimulated to hatch after desiccation, suggesting that desiccation might help break the dormancy of resting eggs from temporary systems. Desiccation intervals up to 8 months likely do not affect the viability of resting eggs from temporary systems. Since many lakes are about to experience unpredictable droughts owing to human activities and ongoing global changes, the ability of resting eggs to tolerate desiccation will play a key role in zooplankton community recovery.
Preoperative intravascular ultrasonographic evaluation of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: A case report
Authors: Chiba Emiko , Hamamoto Kohei , Tanaka Osamu , Watanabe Fumiaki , Noda Hiroshi , Rkiyama Toshiki , Omoto Kiyoka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLeiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare malignant tumor originating from smooth muscle cells of the vascular media. Its preoperative diagnosis by conventional noninvasive examinations such as abdominal ultrasonography, X‐ray computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, may be difficult because of their nonspecific findings. We present the case of a 72‐year‐old woman with leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava diagnosed by intravascular ultrasonography.
The clinical presentation of cobalamin‐related disorders: From acquired deficiencies to inborn errors of absorption and intracellular pathways
Authors: Huemer Martina , Baumgartner Matthias R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis review gives an overview of clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of nutritional and acquired cobalamin (Cbl; synonym: vitamin B12) deficiencies, inborn errors of Cbl absorption and intracellular trafficking, as well as methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiencies, which impair Cbl‐dependent remethylation. Acquired and inborn Cbl‐related disorders and MTHFR deficiency cause multisystem, often severe disease. Failure to thrive, neurocognitive or psychiatric symptoms, eye disease, bone marrow alterations, microangiopathy and thromboembolic events are characteristic. The recently identified MTHFD1 defect additionally presents with severe immune deficiency. Deficient Cbl‐dependent enzymes cause reduced methylation capacity and metabolite toxicity. Further net‐effects of perturbed Cbl function or reduced Cbl supply causing oxidative stress, altered cytokine regulation or immune functions are discussed.
Frontline Science: Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mobilizes Th17-promoting myeloid derived suppressor cells to the lung
Authors: Glenn Justin D , Liu Charles , Whartenby Katharine A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a diverse group of cells that are recognized for their remarkable suppressive effects on pro-inflammatory T cells. The pleiotropic nature of these cells, however, has been demonstrated by their differential effects on immune responses in different settings. Our and others’ work has demonstrated suppressive effects of these cells. We previously demonstrated that these cells were mobilized to the lungs during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is a murine model of multiple sclerosis, and potently inhibited CD8+ T cell responses against influenza infection. Interestingly, they appeared to have a lesser effect on CD4+ T cells, and in fact, others have demonstrated that spleen-derived MDSCs could actually promote Th17 differentiation. We sought to determine the role of lung-derived MDSCs on EAE pathogenesis, as excursion through the lungs by pathologic CNS-Ag targeted T cells was shown to be critical for EAE induction. Our results indicate a robust accumulation of granulocytic MDSCs in the lungs of mice during EAE, which could promote Th17 polarization, and which coincided with the trafficking of autoimmune-targeted T cells through the lungs. These studies underscore the pleiotropic effect of MDSCs on T cells and their potential pro-inflammatory phenotypes in neuro-inflammatory disease. Understanding both the intrinsic multifunctional nature of these cells and the ability to influence organ-specific targets such as the CNS from remote organs such as lungs will help to elucidate both mechanisms of disease and possible new therapeutic approaches.
Musculature of the penial complex: A new criterion in unravelling the phylogeny of Hygrophila (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)
Authors: Soldatenko Elena V. , Petrov Anatoly A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe taxonomy of freshwater pulmonates (Hygrophila) has been in a fluid state warranting the search for new morphological criteria that may show congruence with molecular phylogenetic data. We examined the muscle arrangement in the penial complex (penis and penis sheath) of most major groups of freshwater pulmonates to explore to which extent the copulatory musculature can serve as a source of phylogenetic information for Hygrophila. The penises of Acroloxus lacustris (Acroloxidae), Radix auricularia (Lymnaeidae), and Physella acuta (Physidae) posses inner and outer layers of circular muscles and an intermediate layer of longitudinal muscles. The inner and outer muscle layers in the penis of Biomphalaria glabrata consist of circular muscles, but this species has two intermediate longitudinal layers separated by a lacunar space, which is crossed by radial and transverse fibers. The muscular wall of the penis of Planorbella duryi is composed of transverse and longitudinal fibers, with circular muscles as the outer layer. In Planorbidae, the penial musculature consists of inner and outer layers of longitudinal muscles and an intermediate layer of radial muscles. The penis sheath shows more variation in muscle patterns: its muscular wall has two layers in A. lacustris, P. acuta, and P. duryi, three layers in R. auricularia and Planorbinae and four layers in B. glabrata. To trace the evolution of the penial musculature, we mapped the muscle characters on a molecular phylogeny constructed from the concatenated 18S and mtCOI data set. The most convincing synapomorphies were found for Planorbinae (inner and outer penis layers of longitudinal muscles, three‐layered wall of the penis sheath). A larger clade coinciding with Planorbidae is defined by the presence of radial muscles and two longitudinal layers in the penis. The comparative analysis of the penial musculature appears to be a promising tool in unraveling the phylogeny of Hygrophila.