bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase and structural features of tubular halloysite (7 Å)
Authors: Drits Victor A. , Sakharov Boris A. , Hillier Stephen 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTDespite many reviews and original articles, the actual crystal structure of tubular halloysites remains unclear. Analysis of the structural features of defect-free kaolinite, refined by Bish & von Dreele (1989), shows that the ordered 1Tc kaolinite structure can be described equally well by the orthogonal layer cell {a0, b0, γ0} (γ0 = 90°) or by two enantiomorphic oblique layer cells {a1, b1, γ1} and {a2, b2, γ2}, related to each other by a mirror plane. To simulate diffraction effects for tubular halloysite, the parameters and atomic coordinates of the orthogonal layer unit cell and the layer-displacement vectors t1 and t2 responsible for formation of the kaolinite enantiomorphs were deduced by transformation of the parameters of the defect-free kaolinite refined by Bish & von Dreele (1989). Modelling X-ray diffraction patterns show that the samples consist of either single, two or three phases, with the number and their structural features depending on the morphology of the particles. Samples formed of prismatic particles consist of halloysite-like structure (HLS), kaolinite-like structure (KLS) and halloysite cylindrical structure (HCS) phases occurring in various proportions. Samples of proper cylindrical tubes consist of a single HCS phase, whilst samples formed by particles having morphologies intermediate between proper cylindrical and well-developed prismatic forms consist of the KLS and HCS phases. The KLS phase is comparable to low-ordered platy kaolinite with identical unit-cell parameters, layer-displacement vectors and arbitrary stacking faults, except that the layer displacements are not random as in kaolinite, but are distributed at R = 1 such that t1 and t2 displacements have a strong tendency to be segregated. Structural parameters describing the HLS and KLS phases are identical, but in the HLS phase there is a strong tendency to the regular alternation of the t1 and t2 displacements, and the HLS phases do not contain arbitrary stacking faults. A characteristic feature of the three-phase prismatic samples is that the stacking of the layers along the c* axis is periodic and the layer thicknesses are similar to those of platy kaolinite. In contrast, in the KLS phase formed in samples with particles of intermediate morphologies, the hydrated 10 and 7.25 Å layers are interstratified. The relationship between the structural and morphological features of the coexisting phases suggests a sequence of phase formation from the centre to the surface of halloysite tubes that progresses from the HCS to the HLS via the KLS phase. The results of this study demonstrate that all kaolinite and halloysite (7 Å) varieties are built by the same fundamental structural units.
American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prophylaxis for hospitalized and nonhospitalized medical patients
Authors: Schünemann Holger J. , Cushman Mary , Burnett Allison E. , Kahn Susan R. , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Spencer Frederick A. , Rezende Suely M. , Zakai Neil A. , Bauer Kenneth A. , Dentali Francesco , Lansing Jill , Balduzzi Sara , Darzi Andrea , Morgano Gian Paolo , Neumann Ignacio , Nieuwlaat Robby , Yepes-Nuñez Juan J. , Zhang Yuan , Wiercioch Wojtek 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In October 2022, these guidelines were reviewed by an expert work group convened by ASH. Review included limited searches for new evidence and discussion of the search results. Following this review, the ASH Committee on Quality agreed to continue monitoring the supporting evidence rather than revise or retire these guidelines at this time. Limited searches and expert review will be repeated annually going forward until these guidelines are revised or retired.
Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common vascular disease. Medical inpatients, long-term care residents, persons with minor injuries, and long-distance travelers are at increased risk.
Objective: These evidence-based guidelines from the American Society of Hematology (ASH) intend to support patients, clinicians, and others in decisions about preventing VTE in these groups.
Methods: ASH formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel balanced to minimize potential bias from conflicts of interest. The McMaster University GRADE Centre supported the guideline-development process, including updating or performing systematic evidence reviews. The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and adult patients. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to assess evidence and make recommendations, which were subject to public comment.
Results: The panel agreed on 19 recommendations for acutely ill and critically ill medical inpatients, people in long-term care facilities, outpatients with minor injuries, and long-distance travelers.
Conclusions: Strong recommendations included provision of pharmacological VTE prophylaxis in acutely or critically ill inpatients at acceptable bleeding risk, use of mechanical prophylaxis when bleeding risk is unacceptable, against the use of direct oral anticoagulants during hospitalization, and against extending pharmacological prophylaxis after hospital discharge. Conditional recommendations included not to use VTE prophylaxis routinely in long-term care patients or outpatients with minor VTE risk factors. The panel conditionally recommended use of graduated compression stockings or low-molecular-weight heparin in long-distance travelers only if they are at high risk for VTE.
Quatro perguntas para Rubens R R Casara
Authors: Miguel Leonardo Rogério , Casara Rubens Roberto Rebello 
Published: November 2018

Desde as “Marchas de 2013” às Eleições Presidenciais de 2018, passando pelo Impeachment de Dilma Rousseff e a prisão do ex-presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, “crise” é uma das palavras recorrentes na mídia e nas ruas. Esses eventos e suas impactantes consequências foram motivados como soluções para, assim declaradas, “crise política”, crise de representatividade”, “crise das instituições”. Contudo, supostas soluções para crises surtem efeitos inesperados e, em muitos casos, podem alimentar profecias autorrealizáveis. Talvez, esta seja a condição daquilo que há, aproximadamente, dois anos é chamado de “crise do Estado Democrático de Direito”. É a respeito dessa “crise”, bem como de uma de suas narrativas, que trata o livro Estado Pós-democrático: neo-obscurantismo e gestão dos indesejáveis, do juiz de direito Rubens Roberto Rebello Casara. A bem da verdade, Casara declara não haver uma crise do Estado Democrático de Direito no país, mas uma manipulação do conceito e de uma narrativa sobre as recentes condições políticas e jurídicas nacionais para camuflar a situação real: o estado de exceção. Rubens R. R. Casara é juiz de direito do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio de Janeiro. Professor no Programa de Pós-graduação Strictu Sensu em Saúde Pública da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. O livro Estado Pós-democrático: neo-obscurantismo e gestão dos indesejáveis foi publicado pela editora Civilização Brasileira em 2017. Pela mesma editora, Casara publicou recentemente Sociedade sem Lei: pós-democracia, personalidade autoritária, idiotização e barbárie (2018)
Brasil y la imaginación novomundana. Acerca de la imagen de América latina y su literatura
Authors: Cherri Leonel 
Published: November 2018

Este trabajo tiene por objeto retornar, anacrónica (Didi-Huberman) y rapsódicamente (Antelo 2013), a una serie de experiencias brasileñas en las que podemos leer distintas imágenes de la literatura y de las artes latinoamericanas cuya singularidad y potencia conviene interrogar. Este mandato a la vez crítico y ético se desprende del recorrido que Brasil ha ocupado en la construcción del campo de la literatura latinoamericana y en la imagen misma de América Latina.
Por lo tanto, nos proponemos detenernos en unas figuras que desde 1492 al presente aparecen con insistencia en la literatura y las otras artes latinoamericanas agitando sus potencias imaginarias. Me refiero a las sirenas, a los caníbales, a lo primitivo, a lo térreo, a lo orgánico y a lo mágico. Se tratan de figuras y/o elementos paradigmáticos que ponen de relieve a Brasil en relación con la imagen de América Latina.
Jews and the Cholera Epidemics in Amsterdam in 1832 and 1849
Authors: Snel Harmen , Straten Jits van 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Es gibt widersprüchliche Berichte in der Literatur in Bezug auf die Immunität der Juden gegen Infektionskrankheiten wie Pocken, Tuberkulose und Cholera. Diese Forschung bezieht sich auf die Choleraepidemien in den Jahren 1832 und 1849. Es lässt sich feststellen, dass die jüdische Bevölkerungsgruppe nicht resistenter gegen die Cholera war als die nicht-jüdische. Die Sterblichkeit war sogar signifikant höher bei Juden. Die Autoren zeigen, dass Unterschiede in der Sterblichkeit nicht auf die Religion, sondern auf die sozialen Umstände, vor allem die Qualität des Trinkwassers, zurückzuführen sind.
汉语并列关系定语统计分析
Authors: 奚强 肖 , 则云 高 
Published: November 2018

提要：并列关系定语是多项定语中特殊的一类，可以是词并列、短语并列以及词和短语混合并列。并列关系定语的各并列项之间可以是无标记的，也可以通过标点、连词、副词、连词副词同现以及多项连接方式共现等方式进行并列。定语标记词 “的” 的隐现与各并列项的性质、并列关系定语的语义等有密切的联系，总体上倾向于使用 “的” ，进行强调时会在每一个并列项后都使用 “的”。并列关系定语的排序原则比较多样，总体使用倾向为：逻辑关系原则＞显著性原则＞重要性原则＞形式原则＞约定俗成原则＞时间先后原则＞熟悉程度原则＞对应原则＞文化原则＞立足点原则、语序自由＞多项原则＞空间原则。语义重心在后占有一定优势。
“互联网+” 背景下对外汉语教学模式研究
Authors: 颖萍 梁 , 怡安 张 , 冀皖 韩 
Published: November 2018

提要：互联网是进行对外汉语教学的重要工具和手段，将互联网同传统对外汉语教学相结合，对探索 “互联网+对外汉语教学” 的创新模式，适应当代汉语国际推广要求有重要的推动作用，同时也符合国家推广互联网+教育的重要战略方针。本文从对外汉语教学方法革新的角度，剖析互联网方针指引下，对外汉语教学模式的创新形式。文章主要以太原理工大学的留学生和太原理工大学国际教育交流学院的对外汉语教师为研究对象，探析互联网对留学生汉语学习以及对汉语教师日常教学的影响，并对 “互联网+” 背景下对外汉语教学模式的发展进行探索和思考，从而为培养高质量、高水平的对外汉语教学人才提供教学方法方面的参考。
Ḫrāfāt aus Nordafrika: Hans Stummes Sammlung Märchen der Berbern von Tamazratt in Südtunesien
Authors: Tabassi Mohamed 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die ersten Sammler maghrebinischer Oralkultur waren keine Einheimischen, sondern hauptsächlich deutsche Orientalisten. Zu diesen zählt auch Hans Stumme, dessen Sammlung Märchen der Berbern von Tamazratt in Südtunesien die Grundlage dieses Beitrages darstellt. Seine Texte verstehen sich als eine kunstvolle, poetische Verdichtung der Wirklichkeit; somit bietet das maghrebinische Märchen auf der imagologischen Ebene stets einen besonderen, fast einmaligen Aufschluss über die Gesellschaft und Kultur der Berber, ihre Normen und Werte und den sprach-ästhetischen Wert ihrer Dichtung. Der Beitrag behandelt am Beispiel ausgewählter Märchen nicht nur kulturelle Themen, sondern auch die Einbildungskraft der Berber, um in diesem Zusammenhang gerade auch das spezifisch Maghrebinische zu verdeutlichen.
Wirtshäuser in polnischen Märchen
Authors: Grzywka Katarzyna 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, die Wirtshäuser der polnischen Märchen aufgrund der Analyse von 55 Volksmärchen aus den Sammlungen von Oskar Kolberg (1814–1890) zu rekonstruieren und damit auch nach ihrer Lage und Ausstattung zu fragen. Im nächsten Schritt wird der Versuch unternommen, ihre Funktion im Rahmen der Handlungsentwicklung zu bestimmen. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass das Wirtshaus im polnischen Märchen primär als Raum voller Gefahren und Unannehmlichkeiten, als Ort der Rechtsprechung und Racheausübung, aber auch als Raum für Informationenvermittlung fungiert.
Is awareness enough to bring patients to colorectal screening?
Authors: Dénes Márton István , Nădășan Valentin , Molnar Călin , Bancu Șerban , Borz Cristian Oliviu , Ábrám Zoltán 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients about CRC screening methods and to investigate the relationship between awareness, socio-demographic characteristics and the stage in which patients with CRC are diagnosed.

Methods
The observational cross-sectional study included 275 CRC patients admitted between 2014 and 2016 to two surgical clinics from Tîrgu Mureş, Romania. Study variables were collected via face-to-face interview and from patients’ observation sheets.

Results
Only 41.5% of the patients heard about cancer screening and 6.5% about specific CRC screening methods. Mass-media was the major source of information (85.1%) followed to a much lesser extent (14.9%) by family, friends, and colleagues. Health professionals did not contribute at all to informing patients about screening methods. Awareness about screening methods was statistically associated with the patients’ residence, age, and educational achievement, but not with the stage of CRC.

Conclusion
The level of awareness of CRC screening methods was very low among the CRC patients included in the study but it could not predict the stage in which malignancy was diagnosed, suggesting that awareness alone is not enough to bring patients to undergo early CDC screening procedures.
Semiotic interpretation of a city soundscape
Authors: Yorukoglu Papatya Nur Dokmeci , Ustun Onur Ayse Zeynep 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis work presents a semiotic perspective of aspects of a soundscape evaluation of the city, Supino located in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region of Lazio. The data and sound sample collection was accomplished through the soundwalk technique undertaken by students of Çankaya University, School of Architecture during the ‘Third International Summer School in Supino’ 17–24 August 2014. For the soundscape evaluation, three zones were identified in Supino as urban, suburban, and intersection. A total of nine samples across three zones were collected during three different times in a day by soundwalks from the areas located in the identified zones. A theoretical model of semiotic interpretations of soundscapes has been proposed and applied for the analysis of Supino’s soundscape. The results showed that the soundscape of Supino differs according to its cultural, habitual, and anthropological tendencies. In addition, the semantic analysis shows that the soundscape composition of the sound sources in the three zones varies by the change of time, sound composition and sources, topography, and settlement of the city.
Effects of Concrete Age on Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Paving Mixes and Its Significance in Unbonded Overlay Design
Authors: Sabih Gauhar , Tarefder Rafiqul A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
With the advancement in rigid pavement design and advent of AASHTOWare Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) Design (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC) as the latest design tool, increasing emphasis is being laid on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of concrete. The CTE affects the performance of rigid pavements in a significant manner, with a higher CTE corresponding to greater curling and resulting in greater pavement distresses. Prior research has conflicting views regarding CTE variation with age, and there has been very little to no research on the effects of CTE on the performance of unbonded concrete overlays (UBCOs). This study is performed to investigate the variation of CTE with concrete age through laboratory testing and further quantify the effects of CTE variation on UBCO design. To facilitate, four concrete paving mixes with different types of coarse aggregates and different mix properties from different districts of New Mexico were collected. The cast specimens from each of the mixes were tested for CTE as per the AASHTO T-336, Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Concrete, protocol, at the ages of 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days, respectively. The test results were analyzed, and it was observed that there is an increase in CTE over the range of 3.49 % to 9.77 %, between 28 days and 180 days. Further analysis was conducted with simulations in Pavement ME Design Version 2.3® that indicated a significantly deteriorated performance of the UBCO with increased CTE. The impact on transverse cracking and joint faulting is the most significant, with up to 13.3 % increase in cracking and up to 19.7 % increase in faulting distress. An unbonded overlay designed with 28 days CTE value may not perform for the design life because of the increase in CTE with age progression.
Surface Behavior of AISI H13 Alloy Steel Machining under Environmentally Friendly Cryogenic MQL with PVD-Coated Tool
Authors: Manimaran G. , Nimel Sworna Ross K. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Cooling and lubrication throughout the machining process have a vital impact on final product quality. Use of cutting fluid in the machining process will not control the increased heat generation that is due to frictional resistance, conventionally. Cryogenic machining along with minimum quantity lubrication (CMQL) is a reliable choice to flood cooling in pertinence. It averts the utilization of a large amount of cutting oil and it improves surface integrity. Carbon dioxide provides better cooling to the tool and work material. Additionally, the vegetable oil droplets provide better lubrication at the interface. The investigation results on the response of CMQL on machinability of AISI H13 steel with varying cutting speeds in the range of 45–75 m/min in end milling uses a PVD-AlTiN–coated carbide insert at a constant depth of cut. Machining with CMQL gives 52–53 % and 38–41 %, 65–71 %, and 33–41 % on cutting temperature and surface roughness, respectively, which is a dwindling value when interrelated with dry and flooded cooling environments, in which cutting forces and flank wear were subsequently reduced moderately when compared to dry and wet machining. Application of CMQL provides exceptional lubrication and cooling to the cutting zone.
Conditional Inactivation of Nf1 and Pten in Schwann Cells Results in Abnormal Neuromuscular Junction Maturation
Authors: Li Xiao-Xiao , Zhang Shi-Jie , Chiu Amy P , Lo Lilian H , To Jeffery C , Cui He-Ning , Rowlands Dewi K , Keng Vincent W 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) consists of three components, namely presynaptic motor neurons, postsynaptic muscle fibers and perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs). The role of Schwann cells (SCs) in regulating NMJ structural and functional development remains unclear. In this study, mice with conditional inactivation of neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten), specifically in SCs, resulted in delayed NMJ maturation that led to delayed muscle growth, recapitulating the muscular dystrophy condition observed in human neurofibromatosis type I syndrome (NF1) patients. Expression levels of NMJ development related molecules such as cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 1 (Chrna1), agrin (Agrn), dystrophin, muscular dystrophy (Dmd), laminin, beta 2 (Lamb2) and dystroglycan 1 (Dag1) were also downregulated. To further explore the molecular alterations in these SCs, NF1- and PTEN-related pathways were analyzed in mutant sciatic nerves. As expected, hyperactive RAS/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways were identified, suggesting the importance of these pathways for NMJ development, and subsequent muscle maturation.
The Non Standard English Used by Women in the Help Movie
Authors: Inderajati Aal , Ubaidillah U 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT This research discusses the grammatical features of Non-Standard English that is used by women characters in The Help movie and also the factors that influence it. The discussion in this research uses the theory from Trudgill (1999) and Holmes (1992). Further, SPEAKING formula proposed by Dell Hathaway Hymes (1974) is also used to determine the factors that influence the use of Non-Standard English. The study found five features of non-standard English used by women characters; they are missing auxiliary verbs, construction words, grammatical mistakes, wrong pronouns, and double negatives. Those features were found in the 108 data or conversations. The researcher analyzed those features through SPEAKING formula to find the factors. The factors which affect the use of non-standard English are Setting and Scene, Participants, Ends, and Genre. Moreover, Participants is the factor that mostly influences the use of Non-Standard English by women in The Help movie. ABSTRAK Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas tentang fitur-fitur gramatikal bahasa Inggris non-standard yang digunakan oleh karakter wanita dalam film The Help dan juga faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaannya. Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori dari Trudgill dan Holmes. Disamping itu, teori SPEAKING yang dikemukakan oleh Dell Hathaway Hymes juga akan digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan bahasa Inggris non-standard tersebut. Dari hasil analisis, peneliti menemukan lima fitur bahasa Inggris non-standard yang digunakan oleh karakter wanita; fitur tersebut yaitu missing auxiliary verb, construction words, grammatical mistakes, wrong pronoun, dan double negative. Faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan bahasa non-standard ialah Setting and Scene, Participants, Ends, dan Genre. Participants adalah faktor yang paling banyak mempengaruhi penggunaan bahasa Inggris nonstandard oleh karakter wanita dalam film The Help. How to Cite: Inderajati, A. Ubaidillah. (2016). The Non Standard English Used by Women in the Help Movie. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 3(2), 106-122 doi:10.15408/ijee.v3i2.5509. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v3i2.5509