bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of Edwardsiidae sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Brazil, with the description of a new genus and species
Authors: Brandão Rafael Antônio , Gusmão Luciana Câmara , Gomes Paula Braga 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEdwardsiidae is one of the most speciose families within order Actiniaria with ~75 valid species of burrowing sea anemones. Five edwardsiids have been recorded in South Atlantic waters with only two species known for Brazil:Nematostella vectensisandEdwardsia migottoi. Such low diversity is probably the result of a historical small number of specialists in the region combined with difficulties in collecting and identifying these small burrowing animals. Although edwardsiids have been reported from Brazil since at least the 1960s, these reports did not include proper descriptions or specific identification, making comparison to other valid species impossible. Here we describe a new genus,Isoscolanthusgen. nov., and two new species:Isoscolanthus iemanjaesp. nov.,Isoscolanthus janainaesp. nov. and we also describeScolanthus crypticussp. nov., the first species of the genus for Brazil.Isoscolanthusgen. nov. is easily distinguished from other edwardsiid genera by a combination of external (i.e. presence of periderm and nemathybomes in proximal end and 12 tentacles), microanatomical (i.e. four microcnemes) and cnidom features (i.e. pterotrichs in nemathybomes). In addition to the description of the new genus and species, we expand the range distribution ofNematostella vectensisandEdwardsia migottoiin the South-western Atlantic. The number of edwardsiids known from Brazil is raised from two to five species, substantially increasing the diversity of soft-bottom sea anemones for South Atlantic waters.
Suppression of beam halo in an RF linac using a hollow electron beam
Authors: Nayak B. , Krishnagopal S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHigh-intensity electron linacs have severe space-charge effects that lead to the production of beam halo which degrade the beam quality. For a given charge per bunch, hollow beams have a weaker nonlinear space-charge force. In this paper, we have investigated the possibility of using hollow beam to control halo growth in linacs. We simulate the dynamics of such a beam in a 17 MeV radio frequency linac using ASTRA beam dynamics code and show that it experiences a smaller emittance growth as well as reduced beam halo. The results suggest that using a hollow beam, high charge per bunch could be propagated and accelerated in a radio frequency linac.
Examination of monolingual (English) and bilingual (English/Spanish; English/Urdu) children's syntactic awareness
Authors: DAVIDSON Denise , VANEGAS Sandra B. , HILVERT Elizabeth , RAINEY Vanessa R. , MISIUNAITE Ieva 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, monolingual (English) and bilingual (English/Spanish, English/Urdu) five- and six-year-old children completed a grammaticality judgment test in order to assess their awareness of the grammaticality of two types of syntactic constructions in English: word order and gender representation. All children were better at detecting grammatically correct and incorrect word order constructions than gender constructions, regardless of language group. In fact, bilingualism per se did not impact the results as much as receptive vocabulary range. For example, children with the highest receptive vocabulary scores were more accurate in detecting incorrect word order constructions (i.e., word order violations, semantic anomalies) and incorrect gender agreement than children in the lower receptive vocabulary ranges. However, no differences were found between the ranges for ambiguous gender constructions. These results highlight the importance of receptive vocabulary ability on syntactic awareness performance, regardless of language group.
Speech analysis for conceptual CAD modeling using multi-modal interfaces: An investigation into Architects’ and Engineers’ speech preferences
Authors: Khan Sumbul , Tunçer Bige 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSpeech- and gesture-based interfaces for computer-aided design (CAD) modeling must employ vocabulary suitable for target professional groups. We conducted an experiment with 40 participants from architecture and engineering backgrounds to elicit their speech preferences for four CAD manipulation tasks: Scale, Rotate, Copy, and Move. We compiled speech command terms used by participants and analyzed verbalizations based on three analytic themes: the exactness of descriptions, the granularity of descriptions, and the use of CAD legacy terms. We found that participants from both groups used precise and vague expressions in their verbalizations and used a median of three parameters in their verbalizations. Architects used CAD legacy terms more than Engineers in the tasks Scale and Rotate. Based on these findings, we give recommendations for the design of speech- and gesture-based interface for conceptual CAD modeling.
Simulation and Analysis of Methods for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Feedback Control
Authors: Wiedemeier Jeremy , Spencer Greg , Hagmann Mark J. , Mousa Marwan S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA scanning tunneling microscope (STM) requires precise control of the tip–sample distance to maintain a constant set-point tunneling current. Typically, the tip–sample distance is controlled through the use of a control algorithm. The control algorithm takes in the measured tunneling current and returns a correction to the tip–sample distance in order to achieve and maintain the set-point value for tunneling current. We have developed an STM simulator to test the accuracy and performance of four control algorithms. The operation and effectiveness of these control algorithms are evaluated.
Variation for seed physical and hydration properties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) mini core collection and their relevance to conservation and utilization
Authors: Sastry D. V. S. S. R. , Upadhyaya H. D. , Srinivas T. R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important grain legume nutritionally balanced for human consumption. The physical properties of chickpea seeds are important for processing and storage as well as for assessing seed quality and the hydration properties related to cooking quality. The chickpea mini core collection (211 accessions) and four control cultivars were evaluated for seed morphological (seed colour, shape, dots on seed coat and surface texture); physical (seed moisture content, 100-seed weight, seed coat content, length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter (GMD), surface area, sphericity, shape aspect, volume, bulk density, true density and porosity); and hydration traits (hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity and swelling index). Highly significant differences were observed for all the seed traits in the mini core collection. Correlation coefficients indicated that accessions with high or more seed weight, GMD, sphericity, seed shape aspect, swelling capacity and swelling index would be useful for utilization in research. The results of this study have refined the seed traits of chickpea and resulted in identifying several desirable accessions in the mini core. Some of these accessions were previously identified as promising sources for important agronomic and nutritional traits and for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and will be useful sources to develop high-yielding cultivars with desirable seed physical and hydration quality.
Citizens–experts’ interactions under different institutional arrangements: assessing the role of uncertainty, interests, and values
Authors: Bogliacino Francesco , Codagnone Cristiano , Veltri Giuseppe Alessandro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a framework to analyze the relationship between evidence and policy. Postulating a normative criterion based on cost–benefit analysis and the value of a piece of information, as well as a topology of the policy space defined by three characteristics (epistemic uncertainty, interests, and the degree of value conflicts), we identify the (Nash) equilibria of an interaction between experts and citizens in providing information to a decision maker. In this setup, we study three institutional arrangements (evidence-based policy, deliberative governance, and negotiated conflict) that differ in terms of reliance on experts and citizens for providing information. We show that different degrees of uncertainty, interests, and value-relevance surrounding the issue at stake result in vastly different arrangement performances; hence, to foster efficiency, rules should be contingent.
Three-dimensional ordered porous electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Liu Zaichun , Yuan Xinhai , Zhang Shuaishuai , Wang Jing , Huang Qinghong , Yu Nengfei , Zhu Yusong , Fu Lijun , Wang Faxing , Chen Yuhui , Wu Yuping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed substantial advances in the synthesis of various electrode materials with three-dimensional (3D) ordered macroporous or mesoporous structures (the so-called “inverse opals”) for applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. This review summarizes recent advancements in 3D ordered porous (3DOP) electrode materials and their unusual electrochemical properties endowed by their intrinsic and geometric structures. The 3DOP electrode materials discussed here mainly include carbon materials, transition metal oxides (such as TiO2, SnO2, Co3O4, NiO, Fe2O3, V2O5, Cu2O, MnO2, and GeO2), transition metal dichalcogenides (such as MoS2 and WS2), elementary substances (such as Si, Ge, and Au), intercalation compounds (such as Li4Ti5O12, LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4), and conductive polymers (polypyrrole and polyaniline). Representative applications of these materials in Li ion batteries, aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries, Li-S batteries, Li-O2 batteries, and supercapacitors are presented. Particular focus is placed on how ordered porous structures influence the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. Additionally, we discuss research opportunities as well as the current challenges to facilitate further contributions to this emerging research frontier.
Rho-dependent transcription termination in bacteria recycles RNA polymerases stalled at DNA lesions
Authors: Jain Sriyans , Gupta Richa , Sen Ranjan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn bacteria, transcription-coupled repair of DNA lesions initiates after the Mfd protein removes RNA polymerases (RNAPs) stalled at the lesions. The bacterial RNA helicase, Rho, is a transcription termination protein that dislodges the elongation complexes. Here, we show that Rho dislodges the stalled RNAPs at DNA lesions. Strains defective in both Rho and Mfd are susceptible to DNA-damaging agents and are inefficient in repairing or propagating UV-damaged DNA. In vitro transcription assays show that Rho dissociates the stalled elongation complexes at the DNA lesions. We conclude that Rho-dependent termination recycles stalled RNAPs, which might facilitate DNA repair and other DNA-dependent processes essential for bacterial cell survival. We surmise that Rho might compete with, or augment, the Mfd function.
Tuning orbital orientation endows molybdenum disulfide with exceptional alkaline hydrogen evolution capability
Authors: Zang Yipeng , Niu Shuwen , Wu Yishang , Zheng Xusheng , Cai Jinyan , Ye Jian , Xie Yufang , Liu Yun , Zhou Jianbin , Zhu Junfa , Liu Xiaojing , Wang Gongming , Qian Yitai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide is naturally inert for alkaline hydrogen evolution catalysis, due to its unfavorable water adsorption and dissociation feature originated from the unsuitable orbital orientation. Herein, we successfully endow molybdenum disulfide with exceptional alkaline hydrogen evolution capability by carbon-induced orbital modulation. The prepared carbon doped molybdenum disulfide displays an unprecedented overpotential of 45 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which is substantially lower than 228 mV of the molybdenum disulfide and also represents the best alkaline hydrogen evolution catalytic activity among the ever-reported molybdenum disulfide catalysts. Fine structural analysis indicates the electronic and coordination structures of molybdenum disulfide have been significantly changed with carbon incorporation. Moreover, theoretical calculation further reveals carbon doping could create empty 2p orbitals perpendicular to the basal plane, enabling energetically favorable water adsorption and dissociation. The concept of orbital modulation could offer a unique approach for the rational design of hydrogen evolution catalysts and beyond.
Stable isotopes reveal patterns of diet and mobility in the last Neandertals and first modern humans in Europe
Authors: Wißing Christoph , Rougier Hélène , Baumann Chris , Comeyne Alexander , Crevecoeur Isabelle , Drucker Dorothée G. , Gaudzinski-Windheuser Sabine , Germonpré Mietje , Gómez-Olivencia Asier , Krause Johannes , Matthies Tim , Naito Yuichi I. , Posth Cosimo , Semal Patrick , Street Martin , Bocherens Hervé 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCorrelating cultural, technological and ecological aspects of both Upper Pleistocene modern humans (UPMHs) and Neandertals provides a useful approach for achieving robust predictions about what makes us human. Here we present ecological information for a period of special relevance in human evolution, the time of replacement of Neandertals by modern humans during the Late Pleistocene in Europe. Using the stable isotopic approach, we shed light on aspects of diet and mobility of the late Neandertals and UPMHs from the cave sites of the Troisième caverne of Goyet and Spy in Belgium. We demonstrate that their diet was essentially similar, relying on the same terrestrial herbivores, whereas mobility strategies indicate considerable differences between Neandertal groups, as well as in comparison to UPMHs. Our results indicate that UPMHs exploited their environment to a greater extent than Neandertals and support the hypothesis that UPMHs had a substantial impact not only on the population dynamics of large mammals but also on the whole structure of the ecosystem since their initial arrival in Europe.
Integrative comparative analyses of metabolite and transcript profiles uncovers complex regulatory network in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit undergoing chilling injury
Authors: Zhang Wen-Fa , Gong Ze-Hao , Wu Meng-Bo , Chan Helen , Yuan Yu-Jin , Tang Ning , Zhang Qiang , Miao Ming-Jun , Chang Wei , Li Zhi , Li Zheng-Guo , Jin Liang , Deng Wei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTomato fruit are especially susceptible to chilling injury (CI) when continuously exposed to temperatures below 12 °C. In this study, integrative comparative analyses of transcriptomics and metabolomics data were performed to uncover the regulatory network in CI tomato fruit. Metabolite profiling analysis found that 7 amino acids, 27 organic acids, 16 of sugars and 22 other compounds had a significantly different content while transcriptomics data showed 1735 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were down-regulated and 1369 were up-regulated in cold-stored fruit. We found that the contents of citrate, cis-aconitate and succinate were increased, which were consistent with the expression of ATP-citrate synthase (ACS) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes in cold-treated tomato fruit. Cold stress promotes the expression ofACSandIDHwhich may increase the synthesis of citrate, cis-aconitate and succinate. Alanine and leucine had increased contents, which may result from alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase(BcAT)’s high expression levels, respectively. Overall the transcriptomics and metabolomics data in our study explain the molecular mechanisms of the chilling injury and expands our understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms of a metabolic network in response to chilling injury in tomato fruit.
Bildgebende Diagnostik kindlicher Knochenerkrankungen
Authors: Körber F. , Paquet S. , Semler O. 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Knochen, insbesondere der des Kindes und des Jugendlichen, ist eine lebendige Substanz, die ständigen Umbauprozessen unterliegt. Angeborene Veränderungen können ebenso wie erworbene Erkrankungen das Gleichgewicht des normalen Knochenstoffwechsels stören. Welche Rolle die Bildgebung bei der Diagnostik dieser Erkrankungen spielt, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag erörtert.
Hämodialyse mit Heparin
Authors: Reshetnik Alexander 
Published: March 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Kontakt des Blutes mit dem extrakorporalen Kreislauf hat eine prokoagulatorische Wirkung. Somit ist irgendeine Art der Gerinnungshemmung während der Hämodialyse notwendig. Die am meisten verwendete Methode ist die Gabe von Heparin in Form von unfraktioniertem oder niedermolekularem Heparin. Inzwischen gibt es definierte Vorgaben zu den Standarddosierungen und etablierte Methoden zum Monitoring der Wirksamkeit. Insbesondere beim Vorliegen von HIT II (heparininduzierte Thrombopenie Typ II) muss auf Alternativen umgestellt werden.
Dialyse ohne systemische Antikoagulation
Authors: van der Giet Markus 
Published: March 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Aktivierung der Gerinnung beim Kontakt mit künstlichen Materialien ist ein großes Problem bei extrakorporalen Verfahren. Ohne aktive Unterdrückung der Koagulation, in der Regel durch Heparin, kommt es zu schnellen Gerinnungsereignissen mit folgendem Funktionsverlust der Dialysemembranen. V. a. Patienten mit Nierenersatztherapie haben durch den Nierenfunktionsverlust bereits eine Blutungsneigung, die durch den Einsatz von Heparin bei der Dialyse u. U. noch gesteigert wird. Da dies für einige Patienten lebensbedrohliche Ausmaße annehmen kann, hat man in den letzten 40 Jahren intensiv daran gearbeitet, wie man eine Dialyse auch ohne systemische Heparingabe durchführen kann. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Techniken des intensiven Spülens, des Beschichtens der Dialysemembran mit Heparin zur Verhinderung systemischer Gabe, aber auch neue Materialien mit und ohne gezielte Beschichtung durch Medikamente zur Verhinderung der Thrombozytenaggregation vorgestellt.
Changes in infant-directed speech and song are related to preterm infant facial expression in the neonatal intensive
care unit
Authors: Filippa Manuela , Gratier Maya , Devouche Emmanuel , Grandjean Didier 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In their first weeks of life preterm infants are deprived of developmentally appropriate stimuli, including their
mother’s voice. The current study explores the immediate association of two preterm infant behaviours (open eyes or smiling) with
the quality of a mother’s infant-directed speech and singing. Participants are 20 mothers who are asked to speak and sing to their
medically stable infants placed in incubators. Eighty-four vocal samples are extracted when they occur in the presence of an
infant’s behavioural display and compared with random selections during periods of absence of target behavioural display. The
results show that infant-directed maternal voice presents more marked emotional qualities when infants display a behavioural
change than when infants are passive and expressionless. Specifically, higher values of mean pitch and maximum sound pressure
level, as well as greater variability of these parameters are associated with a behavioural display.
The emergence of viewpoints in multiple perspective constructions
Authors: Zeman Sonja 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper tackles the question of how multiple viewpoints emerge through the interplay of different viewpoint parameters within the (i) dynamics of discourse and (ii) their diachronic development. In particular, it will focus on ‘Future of Fate’ (FoF) (e.g.He was never to return.), i.e. future-in-the-past meanings with potentially distinct values both on the semantic dimension of temporality and the dimension of knowledge attribution. These viewpoint meanings are ‘irregular’ in the sense that they cannot be predicted solely on the basis of the grammatical context of past modal obligation. Based on empirical analyses of Germansollte+ inf. and theméllōconstruction in Homeric Greek, it is shown that the – diachronic as well as synchronic – emergence of viewpoints is the result of the interplay between the deictic structure of grammatical elements and the perspectival structure of discourse context.
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 improves diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Deng Lin , Jia Jun , Yao Jun , Xu Zihui 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Diabetes induced a serious of complications including diabetic retinopathy. Our study aimed to investigate the role of Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 in diabetic retinopathy. A mice model of diabetic retinopathy was established, and expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in retina was examined by Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Cells of human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 were treated with CXCR4 siRNAs and expression vector, and cell viability was detected by MTT assay. We found that expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in retina was significantly downregulated in mice with diabetic retinopathy than in normal healthy mice. High glucose treatment downregulated the expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in ARPE-19 cells at both mRNA and protein levels. Transfection with CXCR4 siRNAs decreased, while transfection with CXCR4 expression vector increased cell viability under high glucose treatment. We concluded that SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway improved diabetic retinopathy possibly by increasing cell viability.
Abbreviations: SDF-1: Stromal cell-derived factor 1; CXCL12: C-X-C motif chemokine 12; qRT-PCR: Real-time quantitative PCR
The Effect of Autologous Fat Grafting on Edema and Ecchymoses in Primary Open Rhinoplasty
Authors: Gabrick Kyle , Walker Marc , Timberlake Andrew , Chouairi Fouad , Saberski Ean , Steinbacher Derek 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Autologous fat is a safe and effective soft tissue filler. Recent evidence also suggests improved wound healing and immune modulation with fat grafting.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to describe a novel technique utilizing fat grafting during primary open rhinoplasty. We hypothesize a more rapid resolution of bruising and edema.

Methods
Patients who underwent rhinoplasty were reviewed and compared by presence or absence of concurrent fat grafting. Three-dimensional images were analyzed employing Mirror (Vectra, Canfield Scientific, NJ). Ecchymoses were outlined utilizing a magnetic lasso followed by an area measurement. Volumetric edema measurements were also taken and assessed. Edema and ecchymosis were measured at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Statistical significance was defined as P &lt; 0.05.

Results
Sixty-two patients were included. Thirty-three patients (53.2%) received autologous fat grafting and 29 (46.8%) did not. Age, gender, surgical approach, and osteotomy distribution were similar between the groups. The fat grafted group showed 7.29 cm2 fewer ecchymoses (P &lt; 0.001) and 0.73 cc less edema (P = 0.68) in the early postoperative interval. Six weeks postoperatively, the fat grafted group showed 1 cc less edema (P = 0.36) with negligible differences in bruising.

Conclusions
Autologous fat grafting is a useful adjunct to rhinoplasty and is associated with significantly fewer ecchymoses in the acute postoperative period.

Level of Evidence: 4