bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air and Water‐Stable n‐Type Doping and Encapsulation of Flexible MoS2 Devices with SU8
Authors: Kung Yen‐Cheng , Hosseini Nahid , Dumcenco Dumitru , Fantner Georg E. , Kis Andras 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFavorable mechanical and electrical properties motivate the use of 2D semiconductors in flexible electronic devices. One of the main challenges here is the absence of a practical doping strategy which should provide air‐stable, tunable doping levels in a process with a low thermal budget. Here, it is shown that SU8, an epoxy‐based photoresist, can be used for nondegenerate n‐type doping of monolayer MoS2. The doping level can be finely tuned via low‐temperature annealing. The doping method exhibits good ambient stability. The high degree of mechanical flexibility and low processing temperature also allows the integration of SU8 coating with flexible MoS2 FETs, where it can provide both controllable doping and act as an encapsulation layer. The demonstrated stability of the devices to bending and exposure to water confirms the attractiveness of using SU8 in flexible electronic devices based on 2D semiconductors in a simple, versatile and scalable approach.
Metal‐Dependent Support Effects of Oxyhydride‐Supported Ru, Fe, Co Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Tang Ya , Kobayashi Yoji , Masuda Naoya , Uchida Yoshinori , Okamoto Hiroki , Kageyama Toki , Hosokawa Saburo , Loyer François , Mitsuhara Kei , Yamanaka Keisuke , Tamenori Yusuke , Tassel Cédric , Yamamoto Takafumi , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Kageyama Hiroshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAmmonia is an attractive energy carrier for the hydrogen economy, given its high hydrogen density and ease of liquefaction. A titanate oxyhydride has recently been demonstrated that can catalyze ammonia synthesis without Ru or Fe metal, despite titanium being regarded as an inert element. Here, the synthesis activity of ammonia is examined when Ru, Fe, and Co particles are supported onto the oxyhydride BaTiO2.5H0.5. The activity of BaTiO2.5H0.5 as support is significantly higher than BaTiO3. For example, the activity for Fe and Co increases by a factor of 70–400, making them more active than Ru/MgO, one conventional Ru catalyst. In terms of mechanism, for Ru, H/D isotope studies show participation of lattice hydride in the catalytic cycle, while kinetic analysis shows reduced H2 poisoning probably due to spillover. For Fe (and Co), the presence of hydride results in significantly lower activation energy and N2 reaction order, likely due to strong electron donation from the oxyhydride. This metal‐dependent support effect is further verified by N2 isotopic exchange experiments. These perovskite‐type oxyhydrides can be easily modified in terms of A‐ and B‐site (A = Ba, B = Ti); the high potential for compositional variation and morphologies will expand the search for efficient catalysts for ammonia synthesis.
Recent Advances in Flexible Zinc‐Based Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Li Yingbo , Fu Jing , Zhong Cheng , Wu Tianpin , Chen Zhongwei , Hu Wenbin , Amine Khalil , Lu Jun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFlexible Zn‐based batteries are regarded as promising alternatives to flexible lithium‐ion batteries for wearable electronics owing to the natural advantages of zinc, such as environmental friendliness and low cost. In the past few years, flexible Zn‐based batteries have been studied intensively and exciting achievements have been obtained in this field. However, the development of flexible Zn‐based batteries is still at an early stage. The challenges of developing flexible lithium‐ion batteries are presented here. Then, a brief overview of recent progress in flexible zinc secondary batteries from the perspective of advanced materials and some issues that remain to be addressed are discussed.
Pseudomorphic Transformation of Interpenetrated Prussian Blue Analogs into Defective Nickel Iron Selenides for Enhanced Electrochemical and Photo‐Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Yilmaz Gamze , Tan Chuan Fu , Lim Yee‐Fun , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA significant methodology gap remains in the construction of advanced electrocatalysts, which has collaborative defective functionalities and structural coherence that maximizes electrochemical redox activity, electrical conductivity, and mass transport characteristics. Here, a coordinative self‐templated pseudomorphic transformation of an interpenetrated metal organic compound network is conceptualized into a defect‐rich porous framework that delivers highly reactive and durable photo(electro)chemical energy conversion functionalities. The coordinative‐template approach enables previously inaccessible synthesis routes to rationally accomplish an interconnected porous conductive network at the microscopic level, while exposing copious unsaturated reactive sites at the atomic level without electronic or structural integrity trade‐offs. Consequently, porous framework, interconnected motifs, and engineered defects endow remarkable electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction activity due to intrinsically improved turnover frequency, electrochemical surface area, and charge transfer. Moreover, when the hybrid is coupled with a silicon photocathode for solar‐driven water splitting, it enables photon assisted redox reactions, improved charge separation, and enhanced carrier transport via the built‐in heterojunction and additive co‐catalyst functionality, leading to a promising photo(electro)chemical hydrogen generation performance. This work signifies a viable and generic approach to prepare other functional interconnected metal organic coordinated compounds, which can be exploited for diverse energy storage, conversion, or environmental applications.
The effect of diabetes mellitus on the Two‐Step value for gait ability
Authors: Kimura Kazuki , Ninomiya Hideki , Endo Yoshiaki , Kambayashi Yukio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveImpaired glucose tolerance is a factor that can affect locomotive syndrome. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the value of the Two‐Step Test as an index of gait ability in locomotive syndrome. The present study focused onDMpatients who did not have diabetic polyneuropathy (DP) and discussed the effect ofDMon the Two‐Step value.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study compared the Two‐Step values betweenDMpatients withoutDP(32 male, 28 female; mean age 62.2 years) and regional residents withoutDM(25 male, 18 female; mean age 61.8 years).ResultsBody mass index was significantly higher in theDMpatients than in the regional residents. The Two‐Step value was lower inDMpatients than in individuals withoutDMamong females but not among males. Therefore, the Two‐Step value was lower in femaleDMpatients than in female regional residents of the same age.ConclusionThis study presents a new observation: The gait ability in femaleDMpatients can be impaired, even before the development ofDP.
Siberian genetic diversity reveals complex origins of the Samoyedic‐speaking populations
Authors: Karafet Tatiana M. , Osipova Ludmila P. , Savina Olga V. , Hallmark Brian , Hammer Michael F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe examined autosomal genome‐wide SNPs and Y‐chromosome data from 15 Siberian and 12 reference populations to study the affinities of Siberian populations, and to address hypotheses about the origin of the Samoyed peoples.MethodsSamples were genotyped for 567 096 autosomal SNPs and 147 Y‐chromosome polymorphic sites. For several analyses, we used 281 093 SNPs from the intersection of our data with publicly available ancient Siberian samples. To examine genetic relatedness among populations, we applied PCA,FST, TreeMix, and ADMIXTURE analyses. To explore the potential effect of demography and evolutionary processes, the distribution of ROH and IBD sharing within population were studied.ResultsAnalyses of autosomal and Y‐chromosome data reveal high differentiation of the Siberian groups. The Siberian populations have a large proportion of their genome in ROH and IBD segments. Several populations (ie, Nganasans, Evenks, Yukagirs, and Koryaks) do not appear to have experienced admixture with other Siberian populations (ie, producing only positive f3), while for the other tested populations the composition of mixing sources always included Nganasans or Evenks. The Nganasans from the Taymyr Peninsula demonstrate the greatest level of shared shorter ROH and IBD with nearly all other Siberian populations.ConclusionsAutosomal SNP and Y‐chromosome data demonstrate that Samoyedic populations differ significantly in their genetic composition. Genetic relationship is observed only between Forest and Tundra Nentsi. Selkups are affiliated with the Kets from the Yenisey River, while the Nganasans are separated from their linguistic neighbors, showing closer affinities with the Evenks and Yukagirs.
Clinical features and early detection of sport‐related concussion
Authors: Ochiai Hidenobu , Abe Tomohiro 
Published: November 2018

AimAthletes who suffer sport‐related concussions but continue playing have a high probability of experiencing more severe symptoms with any subsequent concussion. This study used data from the authors’ clinical department to retrospectively investigate the clinical characteristics of sport‐related concussion and factors associated with delays in examinations.MethodsThe study included 38 patients with sport‐related concussions who were treated at the authors’ hospital. The sports during which the injuries occurred, occasions of injury, factors affecting the time from injury until examination at hospital, and prognoses were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsSport‐related concussions most frequently occurred in rugby and judo, where tackling, throwing, and other types of physical contact can result in impacts to the head region at high angular or linear velocity with acceleration. Some subjects showed consciousness disturbance and/or clear subjective symptoms immediately after the injury and were therefore examined at the hospital rapidly. However, other subjects who suffered amnesia or less obvious symptoms continued to play after the injury and had delayed examinations. In addition, there was a tendency for examinations to be delayed when an on‐site physician was present.ConclusionsIn contact sports where injury‐resulting events occur, such as impacts to the head at high angular or linear velocity with acceleration, athletes should be immediately withdrawn from play and evaluated for concussion, even if there are no obvious head injuries or symptoms. The immediate ascertainment of symptoms after physical contact would improve the rapid detection of sport‐related concussion.
Nickel as a Lewis Base in a T‐Shaped Nickel(0) Germylene Complex Incorporating a Flexible Bis(NHC) Ligand
Authors: Gendy Chris , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Valjus Juuso , Heidebrecht Joshua , Hui Paul Chuk‐Yan , Bernard Guy M. , Tuononen Heikki M. , Wasylishen Roderick E. , Michaelis Vladimir K. , Roesler Roland 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFlexible, chelating bis(NHC) ligand 2, able to accommodate both cis‐ and trans‐coordination modes, was used to synthesize (2)Ni(η2‐cod), 3. In reaction with GeCl2, it produced (2)NiGeCl2, 4, featuring a T‐shaped Ni0 and a pyramidal Ge center. Complex 4 could also be prepared from [(2)GeCl]Cl, 5, and Ni(cod)2, in a reaction that formally involved Ni–Ge transmetalation, followed by coordination of the extruded GeCl2 moiety to Ni. A computational analysis showed that 4 possesses considerable multiconfigurational character and the Ni→Ge bond is formed through σ‐donation from the Ni 4s, 4p, and 3d orbitals to Ge. (NHC)2Ni(cod) complexes 9 and 10, as well as (NHC)2GeCl2 derivative 11, incorporating ligands that cannot accommodate a wide bite angle, failed to produce isolable Ni–Ge complexes. The isolation of (2)Ni(η2‐Py), 12, provides further evidence for the reluctance of the (2)Ni0 fragment to act as a σ‐Lewis acid.
Schlechte Sprache
Authors: Dunitz Jack D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSchlechte Sprache in der Stereochemie – und anderswo – kann zu nachlässigem Denken führen. In diesem Essay gebe ich einen Überblick über die Geschichte stereochemischer Konzepte und Begriffe und hoffe, auf diese Weise ein wenig zur Verbesserung von Denken und Kommunikation beizutragen.
Fifteen microsatellite markers for the Appalachian rockcap fern, Polypodium appalachianum (Polypodiaceae), and its relatives
Authors: Kasireddy Vishnupriya , Mitchell Erika , Murrell Zack E. , Gillespie Emily L. 
Published: November 2018

Premise of the StudyMicrosatellite markers were developed for Polypodium appalachianum (Polypodiaceae) to facilitate investigation of species boundaries between P. appalachianum and its putative hybrid, P. virginianum, and potentially among other members of the Miocene‐age P. vulgare species complex.Methods and ResultsForty‐eight primer pairs were designed from Illumina data and screened for successful amplification. Sixteen pairs were genotyped and evaluated for variability within and among three populations in North Carolina, Vermont, and New Hampshire. Twelve of these primer pairs were reliable and polymorphic, exhibiting one to 10 alleles per locus. Cross‐species amplification experiments were conducted for P. virginianum and four additional close relatives from the P. vulgare complex in order to maximize information about likely utility within a phylogenetic context.ConclusionsThese microsatellite markers will be useful in population genetics and species boundaries studies of P. appalachianum and P. virginianum, and likely in other species within the P. vulgare complex.
Disparate Growth Strategies within Aetosauria: Novel Histologic Data from the Aetosaur Coahomasuchus chathamensis
Authors: Hoffman Devin K. , Heckert Andrew B. , Zanno Lindsay E. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAetosaurs comprise a clade of quadrupedal, armored, omnivores to herbivores that lived across much of the supercontinent of Pangea during the Late Triassic. Their relative abundance in many units, and the rarity of other Triassic herbivores, points to them as key components of Late Triassic ecosystems. Debate persists about whether they were growing more or less slowly when compared to extant crocodylians, and bone histology is sparsely sampled within the group. We undertook a histological examination of Coahomasuchus chathamensis to address its ontogenetic trajectory and characterize its histology. We sampled a paramedian osteoderm from the holotype specimen, as well as five osteoderms (two paramedian, one lateral, and two of uncertain position) and two incomplete limb bones (radius and fibula), from referred specimens discovered at the type locality. Using these we estimated specimen ages with lines of arrested growth (LAGs) to determine that the study individuals reached from 2 to 7 years old. All of the sampled elements contained woven‐fibered bone with extensive vasculature within the internal cortex. In some specimens, more poorly vascularized, parallel‐fibered bone is evident externally. The holotype of C. chathamensis represents a juvenile individual, and raises the possibility that the holotype of C. kahleorum is a juvenile as well, complicating aetosaur systematics and diversity. When compared to aetosaurs of similar size, it is clear that C. chathamensis was growing comparatively rapidly, about 3 times the rate of similarly sized specimens of Aetosauroides scagliai from Argentina. This discovery reveals the presence of disparate growth strategies within Aetosauria. Anat Rec, 302:1504–1515, 2019. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy
Remodeling of the Embryonic Interventricular Communication in Regard to the Description and Classification of Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Spicer Diane E. , Mohun Timothy J. , Hikspoors Jill P.J.M. , Lamers Wouter H. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTVentricular septal defects are the commonest congenital cardiac malformations. Appropriate knowledge of the steps involved in completion of ventricular septation should provide clues as to the morphology of the different phenotypes. Currently, however, consensus is lacking regarding the components of the developing ventricular septum, and how best to describe the different phenotypes seen in postnatal life. We have reassessed the previous investigations devoted to closure of the embryonic interventricular communication. On this basis, we discuss how studies in the early part of the 20th century correctly identified the steps involved in the remodeling of the embryonic interventricular foramen subsequent to the stage at which the outflow tract arises entirely above the cavity of the developing right ventricle. There has, however, already been remodeling of the foramen from the stage at which the atrioventricular canal is supported exclusively by the developing left ventricle. We show how these temporal changes in morphology can provide explanations for the different ventricular septal defects seen in the clinical setting. Thus, muscular defects represent inappropriate coalescence of muscular ventricular septum. The channels that are perimembranous are due to failure of closure of the persisting embryonic interventricular foramen. Those that are doubly committed and juxta‐arterial reflect failure of formation of the free‐standing subpulmonary muscular infundibular sleeve. The findings also point to the importance of appropriate alignment, during development, between the developing atrial and ventricular septums, and between the apical component of the ventricular septum and the ventricular outlet components. Anat Rec, 302:19–31, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond Autoantibodies: Biologic Roles of Human Autoreactive B Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis Revealed by RNA‐Sequencing
Authors: Mahendra Ankit , Yang Xingyu , Abnouf Shaza , Adolacion Jay R. T. , Park Daechan , Soomro Sanam , Roszik Jason , Coarfa Cristian , Romain Gabrielle , Wanzeck Keith , Bridges S. Louis , Aggarwal Amita , Qiu Peng , Agarwal Sandeep K. , Mohan Chandra , Varadarajan Navin 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo obtain the comprehensive transcriptome profile of human citrulline‐specific B cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsCitrulline‐ and hemagglutinin‐specific B cells were sorted by flow cytometry using peptide–streptavidin conjugates from the peripheral blood of RA patients and healthy individuals. The transcriptome profile of the sorted cells was obtained by RNA‐sequencing, and expression of key protein molecules was evaluated by aptamer‐based SOMAscan assay and flow cytometry. The ability of these proteins to effect differentiation of osteoclasts and proliferation and migration of synoviocytes was examined by in vitro functional assays.ResultsCitrulline‐specific B cells, in comparison to citrulline‐negative B cells, from patients with RA differentially expressed the interleukin‐15 receptor α (IL‐15Rα) gene as well as genes related to protein citrullination and cyclic AMP signaling. In analyses of an independent cohort of cyclic citrullinated peptide–seropositive RA patients, the expression of IL‐15Rα protein was enriched in citrulline‐specific B cells from the patients’ peripheral blood, and surprisingly, all B cells from RA patients were capable of producing the epidermal growth factor ligand amphiregulin (AREG). Production of AREG directly led to increased migration and proliferation of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes, and, in combination with anti–citrullinated protein antibodies, led to the increased differentiation of osteoclasts.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to document the whole transcriptome profile of autoreactive B cells in any autoimmune disease. These data identify several genes and pathways that may be targeted by repurposing several US Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs, and could serve as the foundation for the comparative assessment of B cell profiles in other autoimmune diseases.
Kinetic Resolution of Acylsilane Cyanohydrins via Organocatalytic Cycloetherification
Authors: Matsumoto Akira , Asano Keisuke , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn asymmetric cyanation of acylsilanes involving the in‐situ formation of chiral acylsilane cyanohydrins followed by their kinetic resolution via organocatalytic cycloetherification is described. The highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective cycloetherification was crucial for achieving a high efficiency in the kinetic resolution. Consequently, acylsilane cyanohydrins containing a tetrasubstituted chiral carbon atom bearing silyl, cyano, and hydroxy groups were obtained in an enantioenriched form. This protocol therefore offers an efficient catalytic approach to optically active acylsilane cyanohydrins, which exhibit potential as chiral building blocks for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant chiral organosilanes.
Construction of confidence intervals for the maximum of the Youden index and the corresponding cutoff point of a continuous biomarker
Authors: Bantis Leonidas E. , Nakas Christos T. , Reiser Benjamin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEvaluation of the overall accuracy of biomarkers might be based on average measures of the sensitivity for all possible specificities ‐and vice versa‐ or equivalently the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve that is typically used in such settings. In practice clinicians are in need of a cutoff point to determine whether intervention is required after establishing the utility of a continuous biomarker. The Youden index can serve both purposes as an overall index of a biomarker's accuracy, that also corresponds to an optimal, in terms of maximizing the Youden index, cutoff point that in turn can be utilized for decision making. In this paper, we provide new methods for constructing confidence intervals for both the Youden index and its corresponding cutoff point. We explore approaches based on the delta approximation under the normality assumption, as well as power transformations to normality and nonparametric kernel‐ and spline‐based approaches. We compare our methods to existing techniques through simulations in terms of coverage and width. We then apply the proposed methods to serum‐based markers of a prospective observational study involving diagnosis of late‐onset sepsis in neonates.