bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening mentalizing in a depressed mother of an infant with sleep disorders
Authors: Georg Anna , Kress Sandra , Taubner Svenja 
Published: February 2019

AbstractParent–infant psychotherapy treats parents to reduce infants’ symptoms and strengthen the quality of the parent–infant relationship. However, little is known about the change processes that are set in place in parent–infant psychotherapy and the therapeutic techniques that are most helpful. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of the course of one treatment with a depressed mother of an 8 months old infant who received focused parent–infant psychotherapy (fPIP), a brief psychological intervention that aims at fostering mentalizing in the parent. This study also aimed at examining the specific interventions that fostered mentalizing in this case. We assessed therapeutic interventions with the fPIP adherence scale and in‐session mentalizing with the Reflective Functioning Scale, and we analyzed qualitatively the moments in therapy that were relevant for the treatment focus and during which the mother demonstrated an increase in reflective functioning. We discussed the results with regard to the processes in the course of treatment and the strengths and limitations of fPIP.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase 8/19 inhibition suppresses osteoclastogenesis by downregulating RANK and promotes osteoblast mineralization and cancellous bone healing
Authors: Amirhosseini Mehdi , Bernhardsson Magnus , Lång Pernilla , Andersson Göran , Flygare Johan , Fahlgren Anna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is a mediator complex‐associated transcriptional regulator that acts depending on context and cell type. While primarily under investigation as potential cancer therapeutics, some inhibitors of CDK8—and its paralog CDK19—have been reported to affect the osteoblast lineage and bone formation. This study investigated the effects of two selective CDK8/19 inhibitors on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblasts in vitro, and further evaluated how local treatment with a CDK8/19 inhibitor affects cancellous bone healing in rats. CDK8/19 inhibitors did not alter the proliferation of neither mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMMs) nor primary mouse osteoblasts. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ (NF‐κB) ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis from mouse BMMs was suppressed markedly by inhibition of CDK8/19, concomitant with reduced tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen levels. This was accompanied by downregulation of PU.1, RANK, NF‐κB, nuclear factor of activated T‐cells 1 (NFATc1), dendritic cell‐specific transmembrane protein (DC‐STAMP), TRAP, and cathepsin K in RANKL‐stimulated BMMs. Downregulating RANK and its downstream signaling in osteoclast precursors enforce CDK8/19 inhibitors as anticatabolic agents to impede excessive osteoclastogenesis. In mouse primary osteoblasts, CDK8/19 inhibition did not affect differentiation but enhanced osteoblast mineralization by promoting alkaline phosphatase activity and downregulating osteopontin, a negative regulator of mineralization. In rat tibiae, a CDK8/19 inhibitor administered locally promoted cancellous bone regeneration. Our data indicate that inhibitors of CDK8/19 have the potential to develop into therapeutics to restrict osteolysis and enhance bone regeneration.
Resistance to bortezomib in breast cancer cells that downregulate Bim through FOXA1 O‐GlcNAcylation
Authors: Liu Yubo , Wang Xue , Zhu Tong , Zhang Nana , Wang Lingyan , Huang Tianmiao , Cao Yu , Li Wenli , Zhang Jianing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBortezomib (BTZ), a well‐established proteasome inhibitor used in the clinical therapy, leads the modulation of several biological alterations and in turn induces apoptosis. Although clinical trials with BTZ have shown promising results for some types of cancers, but not for some others, including those of the breast. The molecular basis of BTZ resistance in breast cancer remains elusive. In the present study, we found that cellular O‐GlcNAc modification was dramatically elevated by BTZ treatment in intrinsic resistant MCF‐7 and T47D cells, but not in sensitive MDA‐MB‐231 cells. A progressive increase in O‐GlcNAcylation characterized the increased acquired resistance of MDA‐MB‐231‐derived cells. We showed that elevated O‐GlcNAc subsequently modified breast cancer related pioneer factor FOXA1 and reduced its protein stability. Further, we demonstrated that FOXA1 attenuation was involved in transcriptional downregulation of proapoptotic Bim and thus suppressed breast cancer cell apoptosis. Finally, the combination of O‐GlcNAc inhibitor L01 to BTZ sensitized resistant cells. Our results have revealed a new regulatory mechanism that involves O‐GlcNAc elevation mediated Bim deficiency, which plays a key role in the apoptotic dysregulation and BTZ resistance in breast cancer cells.
Irisin ameliorates angiotensin II‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through autophagy
Authors: Li Ruli , Wang Xiaoxiao , Wu Sisi , Wu Yao , Chen Hongying , Xin Juanjuan , Li He , Lan Jie , Xue Kunyue , Li Xue , Zhuo Caili , He Jinhan , Tang Chao‐Shu , Jiang Wei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCardiac hypertrophy is the main cause of heart failure and sudden death in patients. But the pathogenesis is unclear. Angiotensin II may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload. In angiotensin II‐treated cardiomyocytes, there is a larger cross‐sectional area, more apoptosis cells, and a reduction of irisin expression. An increase in P62, an autophagy flux index, as well as LC3II, were observed in cardiomyocytes after angiotensin II‐induced injury. Surprisely, irisin supplementation increased LC3II expression and decreased P62 expression, consisted of results of RFP‐GFP‐LC3B adenovirus transfection, and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, meanwhile, the protection of irisin was reversed by the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine. In animal experiments, overexpression of irisin reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and alleviated myocardial hypertrophy caused by pressure overload. The above results indicate that irisin‐induced protective autophagy and alleviated the apoptosis signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes, consequently reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis after angiotensin II‐induced injury. Hence, increasing irisin expression may be a new way to improve cardiac function and quality of life in patients with cardiac hypertrophy.
Easy surveillance of muscle volume decline in chronic liver disease patients using finger‐circle (yubi‐wakka) test
Authors: Hiraoka Atsushi , Izumoto Hirofumi , Ueki Hidetaro , Yoshino Takeaki , Aibiki Toshihiko , Okudaira Tomonari , Yamago Hiroka , Suga Yoshifumi , Iwasaki Ryuichiro , Tomida Hideomi , Mori Kenichiro , Miyata Hideki , Tsubouchi Eiji , Kishida Masato , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Hirooka Masashi , Abe Masanori , Matsuura Bunzo , Hiasa Yoichi , Michitaka Kojiro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMuscle atrophy (MA) and muscle strength decline are important clinical features in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. An easy to perform MA screening method without need for special equipment would be helpful. We evaluated the usefulness of the previously reported finger‐circle test as screening for MA in CLD patients.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 358 Japanese CLD outpatients (70.8 ± 10.2 years, male/female = 234/124) who had undergone a computed tomography examination from December 2017 to March 2018, of whom 137 had chronic hepatitis, 169 had liver cirrhosis Child–Pugh A, and 52 had liver cirrhosis Child–Pugh B/C. Bilateral psoas muscle area at the middle of the third lumber vertebra (L3) was evaluated with computed tomography findings, which was performed as a screening of hepatocellular carcinoma, using a previously reported parameter for MA [psoas index (PI): total psoas muscle area (cm2)/height (m)2] [mean PI ± standard deviation (SD) of male patients: 6.50 ± 1.13 cm2/m2 and those of female patients: 4.30 ± 0.90 cm2/m2]. We then evaluated the correlation between MA and finger‐circle test results in these patients.ResultsThe mean PI values for finger‐circle test results Bigger, Just‐fits, and Smaller were 5.64 ± 1.34, 5.00 ± 1.25, and 4.83 ± 1.46 cm2/m2, respectively, in male patients (P < 0.001) and 4.31 ± 1.06, 3.93 ± 0.97, and 3.42 ± 0.94 cm2/m2, respectively, in female patients (P = 0.001). We found that a finger‐circle test result in male patients other than Bigger (Just‐fits and Smaller) predicted a decline in psoas muscle area of L3 to PI 5.25 cm2/m2 (sensitivity/specificity 0.619/0.667, area under the curve 0.654, 95% confidence interval 0.583–0.724), which was approximately mean minus 1 SD (5.37 cm2/m2). On the other hand, a Smaller test result in female patients predicted a decline in psoas muscle area of L3 to PI 3.33 cm2/m2 (sensitivity/specificity 0.740/0.583, area under the curve 0.698, 95% confidence interval 0.583–0.813), approximately mean minus 1 SD (3.40 cm2/m2).ConclusionsThe finger‐circle test is an easy to perform and effective screening method for predicting earlier stage of MA in CLD patients without the need for special equipment.
Prenatal allometric trajectories and the developmental basis of postcranial phenotypic diversity in bats (Chiroptera)
Authors: López‐Aguirre Camilo , Hand Suzanne J. , Koyabu Daisuke , Son Nguyen Truong , Wilson Laura A. B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMost morphological and physiological adaptations associated with bat flight are concentrated in the postcranium, reflecting strong functional demands for flight performance. Despite an association between locomotory diversity and trophic differentiation, postcranial morphological diversity in bats remains largely unexplored. Evolutionary developmental biology is a novel approach providing a link between the analysis of genotypic and phenotypic variation resulting from selective pressures. To quantify the morphological diversity of the postcranium in bats and to explore its developmental basis, we reconstructed the postcranial allometric trajectories of nine bat species from different prenatal developmental series, representing five families and both suborders. We tested for allometric growth in Chiroptera and also quantified levels of allometric disparity and inter‐trajectory distances. Using a phylogenetic scaffold, we assessed whether ontogenetic differences reflect evolutionary relationships. We found significant allometric growth trajectories in almost all species. Interspecific trajectory distances showed lower variance within Yinpterochiroptera than within Yangochiroptera and between suborders. Each suborder occupied nonoverlapping sections of allometric space, showing changes in the growth rates of specific bones for each suborder. The allometry‐corrected disparity was significantly higher in larger species. Statistically significant phylogenetic signal in our results suggests that there is an ontogenetic basis for the postcranial morphological diversity in modern bats. Ancestral state reconstruction also showed an increase in the amount of change in shape with size in the larger species studied. We hypothesize that differences in allometric patterns among bat taxa may reflect a size‐dependent evolutionary constraint, whereby variability in body size and allometric patterns are associated.
Acute kidney injury after hepatectomy can be reasonably predicted after surgery
Authors: Kim Minjae , Kiran Ravi P. , Li Guohua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatectomy presents unique challenges potentially heightening acute kidney injury (AKI) risk, but the full spectrum of risk factors has not been identified.MethodsData for hepatectomy patients in the 2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (n = 3,814) was randomly split into derivation (70%) and validation (30%) cohorts. AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dl or ≥1.5‐fold above the preoperative value within 30 days of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression assessed preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for AKI.ResultsOf 2,692 patients (derivation cohort), 432 (16%) developed AKI. Risk factors were the following: age (years; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.016 [95% confidence interval 1.006–1.026], female sex (aOR 0.65 [0.51–0.82]), body mass index (kg/m2; aOR 1.043 [1.024–1.062]), diabetes (aOR 1.71 [1.31–2.24]), hypertension (aOR 1.66 [1.30–2.13]), hematocrit (%; aOR 0.944 [0.924–0.966]), operative time (min; aOR 1.004 [1.003–1.004]), planned open procedure (aOR 2.00 [1.47–2.73]), and Pringle maneuver (aOR 1.36 [1.07–1.72]). The areas under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.74 (95% CI 0.71–0.76) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.67–0.75) in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively.ConclusionsPostoperative AKI affects one in six hepatectomy patients; preoperative and intraoperative factors can predict the risk of postoperative AKI.
Presence, localization and morphology of TELOCYTES in developmental gonads of fishes
Authors: Mazzoni Talita Sarah , Viadanna Renan Ribeiro , Quagio‐Grassiotto Irani 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTelocytes are a new defined type of interstitial cells, considered as a stem cell, with very long and thin cytoplasmic extensions. They are present in the vertebrates, and may participate in tissue remodeling. In fish, during gonadal development, the events that culminate with the germinal epithelium formation are well known. However, the interstitial compartment remains poorly explored, although it may have a great contribution to the morpho‐functional changes that occur in the gonad. As in other organisms, in fish, the interstitium consists especially of connective tissue elements. However, until now, there are no reports of the presence and the action of the telocytes in the connective tissue of gonads of fish. Thus, this study aimed to detect the presence, localization and morphology of telocytes during the gonadal development of several species of fish. The gonads were analyzed by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry for localization of CD34, Vimentin, and metalloproteinases. The presence of two proteins characteristics of mesenchymal cell was detected in cells of the gonads of all species. In addition, they presented a typical morphology of telocytes, showing cellular extensions. Gonadal telocytes also presented positive response to metalloproteinases. In mammals, telocytes can undergo de‐differentiation contributing to the reorganization of the extracellular matrix. This role may be performed by the metalloproteinases detected here. The detection of Vimentin and CD34 in the same cellular type, associated with its morphological characteristics, allows us to conclude that some interstitial cells in Teleostei are considered telocytes, identical to the ones already described in mammals and other vertebrates.
3D‐printed, externally‐implanted, bioresorbable airway splints for severe tracheobronchomalacia
Authors: Les Andrea S. , Ohye Richard G. , Filbrun Amy G. , Ghadimi Mahani Maryam , Flanagan Colleen L. , Daniels Rodney C. , Kidwell Kelley M. , Zopf David A. , Hollister Scott J. , Green Glenn E. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo report the clinical safety and efficacy of three‐dimensional (3D)–printed, patient‐specific, bioresorbable airway splints in a cohort of critically ill children with severe tracheobronchomalacia.Study DesignCase series.MethodsFrom 2012 to 2018, 15 subjects received 29 splints on their trachea, right and/or left mainstem bronchi. The median age at implantation was 8 months (range, 3–25 months). Nine children were female. Five subjects had a history of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and 11 required continuous sedation, six of whom required paralytics to maintain adequate ventilation. Thirteen were chronically hospitalized, unable to be discharged, and seven were hospitalized their entire lives. At the time of splint implantation, one subject required ECMO, one required positive airway pressure, and 13 subjects were tracheostomy and ventilator dependent, requiring a median positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 14 cm H2O (range, 6–20 cm H20). Outcomes collected included level of respiratory support, disposition, and splint‐related complications.ResultsAt the time of discharge from our institution, at a median of 28 days postimplantation (range, 10–56 days), the subject on ECMO was weaned from extracorporeal support, and the subjects who were ventilated via tracheostomy had a median change in PEEP (discharge–baseline) of −2.5 cm H2O (range, −15 to 2 cm H2O, P = .022). At median follow‐up of 8.5 months (range, 0.3–77 months), all but one of the 12 surviving subjects lives at home. Of the 11 survivors who were tracheostomy dependent preoperatively, one is decannulated, one uses a speaking valve, six use a ventilator exclusively at night, and three remain ventilator dependent.ConclusionsThis case series demonstrates the initial clinical efficacy of the 3D‐printed bioresorbable airway splint device in a cohort of critically ill children with severe tracheobronchomalacia.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:1763–1771, 2019
Dirty weekends and personal hygiene products: The embodiment of casual sex in marketing
Authors: Chan Eugene Y. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the current inquiry, we propose that reminders of casual sex might lead individuals to feel physically dirty, and this would then motivate consumers to acquire and like personal hygiene products such as toothpaste, body soap, and face wash. We further test the possibility that our hypothesized effect would arise mainly for those who link casual sex with impurity. In three studies, reminders of casual sex increase liking for personal hygiene products mainly among conservative (Study 1), religious (Study 2), and individuals who see “casual sex” to be “dirty,” “wrong,” or even “immoral” (Study 3). These findings are consistent with embodied cognition, suggesting that abstract representations can effect concrete sensations. We study this possibility in a novel domain in sex and sexuality. Our work is relevant to marketers of personal hygiene products, but we situate our findings in the broader discourse of how mere reminders of casual sex might influence individuals’ choices and behaviors.
Analysis of the Prader–Willi syndrome imprinting center using droplet digital PCR and next‐generation whole‐exome sequencing
Authors: Hartin Samantha N. , Hossain Waheeda A. , Francis David , Godler David E. , Barkataki Sangjucta , Butler Merlin G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundDetailed analysis of imprinting center (IC) defects in individuals with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is not readily available beyond chromosomal microarray (MA) analysis, and such testing is important for a more accurate diagnosis and recurrence risks. This is the first feasibility study of newly developed droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) examining DNA copy number differences in the PWS IC region of those with IC defects.MethodsThe study cohort included 17 individuals without 15q11‐q13 deletions or maternal disomy but with IC defects as determined by genotype analysis showing biparental inheritance. Seven sets of parents and two healthy, unrelated controls were also analyzed.ResultsCopy number differences were distinguished by comparing the number of positive droplets detected by IC probes to those from a chromosome 15 reference probe, GABRβ3. The ddPCR findings were compared to results from other methods including MA, and whole‐exome sequencing (WES) with 100% concordance. The study also estimated the frequency of IC microdeletions and identified gene variants by WES that may impact phenotypes including CPT2 and NTRK1 genes.ConclusionDroplet digital polymerase chain reaction is a cost‐effective method that can be used to confirm the presence of microdeletions in PWS with impact on genetic counseling and recurrence risks for families.
Predictors affecting complications and aesthetic outcomes in autologous breast reconstruction with free muscle‐sparing transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps
Authors: Moon Kyung‐Chul , Baek Si‐Ook , Yoon Eul‐Sik , Lee Byung‐Il , Park Seung‐Ha 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundIdentification and understanding of predictors for complications and aesthetic outcomes in free muscle‐sparing transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (MS‐TRAM) flap are essential for successful breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors for complications and aesthetic outcomes in patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction with free MS‐TRAM flaps.Patients and MethodsBetween March 2003 and September 2017, a total of 214 patients who underwent breast reconstruction with MS‐TRAM flaps were included in this study. Mean age of the patients was 43.2 years (range, 28‐61 years). Four outcome data, including operation time, hospital stay, aesthetic scores, and complications; and 12 patient data, including recipient vessel type, age, body mass index [BMI] > 25, smoking status, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, nipple‐sparing mastectomy, contralateral breast surgery, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, and endocrine disease were collected.ResultsFive and 52 patients experienced major complications, including partial flap loss, and minor complications, respectively. In stepwise multiple logistic analysis, risk factors for complications were BMI > 25 (P < 0.001), smoking status (P = 0.012), and neoadjuvant radiotherapy (P = 0.002). BMI > 25 (P < 0.001), smoking status (P < 0.001), contralateral breast surgery (P < 0.001), and history of cardiac (P = 0.001) and endocrine disease (P = 0.003) were predictors for aesthetic outcome.ConclusionPredictors for complications and aesthetic outcomes determined in this study may facilitate microsurgeons engaged in the assessment of patients needing free MS‐TRAM flaps.
Oligonol Alleviates Sarcopenia by Regulation of Signaling Pathways Involved in Protein Turnover and Mitochondrial Quality
Authors: Chang Yun‐Ching , Chen Yi‐Tien , Liu Hung‐Wen , Chan Yin‐Ching , Liu Ming‐Yi , Hu Shu‐Hui , Tseng Wei‐Tai , Wu Hsin‐Ling , Wang Ming‐Fu , Chang Sue‐Joan 
Published: February 2019

ScopeOligonol has been shown to moderate mitochondrial biogenesis, protein synthesis, and protein degradation in diabetic mice in a previous study. It is therefore hypothesized that oligonol alleviated sarcopenia by regulating pathways involved in protein turnover and mitochondrial quality.Methods and resultsThe 32‐week‐old senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice are fed with chow diet containing 200 mg kg−1 oligonol for 8 weeks. Oligonol supplementation increased skeletal muscle mass, cross‐sectional areas, and grip strength in SAMP8 mice. Oligonol increased phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR/p70sk6, inhibited nuclear localization of FoxO3a and NFκB, and decreased transcription of MuRF‐1 and MAFbx in skeletal muscle of SAMP8 mice. Downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis genes (PGC‐1α and Tfam) and mitochondrial fusion genes (Mfn2 and Opa1), loss of PINK1, overexpression of Atg13, LC3‐II, and p62, and abundant accumulation of autophagosomes and lysosomes in skeletal muscle of SAMP8 mice are limited by oligonol. Furthermore, oligonol reduced expression of released cytochrome c and cleaved caspase‐9 in skeletal muscle of SAMP8 mice.ConclusionRegulating pathways involved in protein synthesis and degradation, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion/fission, autophagy, and mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis by oligonol contribute to positive protein turnover and mitochondrial quality, thus increasing muscle mass and strength in SAMP8 mice.