bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Options for Improved Phosphorus Cycling and Use in Agriculture at the Field and Regional Scales
Authors: Schneider Kimberley D. , Thiessen Martens Joanne R. , Zvomuya Francis , Reid D. Keith , Fraser Tandra D. , Lynch Derek H. , O'Halloran Ivan P. , Wilson Henry F. 
Published: August 2019

Soil phosphorus (P) cycling in agroecosystems is highly complex, with many chemical, physical, and biological processes affecting the availability of P to plants. Traditionally, P fertilizer recommendations have been made using an insurance‐based approach, which has resulted in the accumulation of P in many intensively managed agricultural soils worldwide and contributed to the widespread water quality issue of eutrophication. To mitigate further environmental degradation and because future P fertilizer supplies are threatened due to finite phosphate rock resources and associated geopolitical and quality issues, there is an immediate need to increase P use efficiency (PUE) in agroecosystems. Through cultivar selection and improved cropping system design, contemporary research suggests that sufficient crop yields could be maintained at reduced soil test P (STP) concentrations. In addition, more efficient P cycling at the field scale can be achieved through agroecosystem management that increases soil organic matter and organic P mineralization and optimizes arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbioses. This review paper provides a perspective on how agriculture has the potential to utilize plant and microbial traits to improve PUE at the field scale and accordingly, maintain crop yields at lower STP concentrations. It also links with the need to tighten the P cycle at the regional scale, including a discussion of P recovery and recycling technologies, with a particular focus on the use of struvite as a recycled P fertilizer. Guidance on directions for future research is provided.Core Ideas
There is an urgent need to increase P use efficiency in agroecosystems.
Crop yields could be maintained at lower than recommended soil test P concentrations.
Both the quantity and quality of organic matter influence P availability.
Further research on ability of organic P to supply P to crops is needed.
Struvite has the potential to fill an important niche in P recycling.
Supramolecular Answers to the Organic Matter Controversy
Authors: Wells Martha J. M. 
Published: August 2019

The foundation of separation science is the division or deconvolution of a mixture into constituent parts. To do so greatly informs our understanding of complex systems. Equally important is consideration of the behavior of a mixture as a whole—to consider if the whole is the sum of the parts or if individual components interact synergistically or antagonistically when combined. Application of separation science has seldom assumed greater importance than in consideration of the controversy surrounding the traditional and emergent views of the complex chemical system of natural organic matter (NOM). Analyses of simulated and actual environmental water samples using noninvasive separation techniques including flow field‐flow fractionation (flow FFF), excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analyses, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) are discussed. The data are used to explore whether a distinct chemical category of humic (diagenetic) substances exists in NOM; whether separation of organic matter into fulvic and humic extracts has relevant meaning translatable to actual environmental water samples; whether extraction procedures alter the chemistry of NOM extracts; and, if humic and fulvic acids exist, what physicochemical property or properties make humic substances unique among other forms of NOM. A fluorescence‐based nonoperational definition of humic substances is introduced. The underexplored role of supramolecular, self‐assembled aggregation is presented as a NOM conceptual model. Responses are provided to questions raised in the great NOM debate within a supramolecular context.Core Ideas
A new supramolecular conceptual model invokes strong near‐covalent hydrogen bonding.
A nonoperational definition of diagenetic (humic) substances is proposed.
Alkali extracts are valid, though imperfect, organic matter proxies.
A mechanism for intrinsic chemical recalcitrance of natural organic matter exists.
Protection is a “function” of the supramolecular “form.”
A Global Perspective on Phosphorus Management Decision Support in Agriculture: Lessons Learned and Future Directions
Authors: Drohan Patrick J. , Bechmann Marianne , Buda Anthony , Djodjic Faruk , Doody Donnacha , Duncan Jonathon M. , Iho Antti , Jordan Phil , Kleinman Peter J. , McDowell Richard , Mellander Per‐Erik , Thomas Ian A. , Withers Paul J. A. 
Published: August 2019

The evolution of phosphorus (P) management decision support tools (DSTs) and systems (DSS), in support of food and environmental security has been most strongly affected in developed regions by national strategies (i) to optimize levels of plant available P in agricultural soils, and (ii) to mitigate P runoff to water bodies. In the United States, Western Europe, and New Zealand, combinations of regulatory and voluntary strategies, sometimes backed by economic incentives, have often been driven by reactive legislation to protect water bodies. Farmer‐specific DSSs, either based on modeling of P transfer source and transport mechanisms, or when coupled with farm‐specific information or local knowledge, have typically guided best practices, education, and implementation, yet applying DSSs in data poor catchments and/or where user adoption is poor hampers the effectiveness of these systems. Recent developments focused on integrated digital mapping of hydrologically sensitive areas and critical source areas, sometimes using real‐time data and weather forecasting, have rapidly advanced runoff modeling and education. Advances in technology related to monitoring, imaging, sensors, remote sensing, and analytical instrumentation will facilitate the development of DSSs that can predict heterogeneity over wider geographical areas. However, significant challenges remain in developing DSSs that incorporate “big data” in a format that is acceptable to users, and that adequately accounts for catchment variability, farming systems, and farmer behavior. Future efforts will undoubtedly focus on improving efficiency and conserving phosphate rock reserves in the face of future scarcity or prohibitive cost. Most importantly, the principles reviewed here are critical for sustainable agriculture.Core Ideas
Strategies protecting water bodies are often driven by reactive legislation.
Phosphorus management focuses on plant available P and mitigating P runoff.
Decision support is based on P transfer, best practices, education, and action.
Recent scientific developments have rapidly advanced runoff modeling and education.
DS challenges are “big data,” farming systems, and farmer behavior.
Tropical Soil Toposequence Characterization via pXRF Spectrometry
Authors: Silva Fernanda Magno , Weindorf David C. , Silva Sérgio Henrique Godinho , Silva Elen Alvarenga , Ribeiro Bruno Teixeira , Guilherme Luiz Roberto Guimarães , Curi Nilton 
Published: August 2019

Variability of elemental composition in a toposequence of quartzite‐derived soils in a tropical environment was evaluated via portable x‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry. The toposequence featured different degrees of weathering and variable soil formation processes. Specifically, this study aimed to: (i) use elemental composition obtained through pXRF as a tool to investigate the degrees of weathering–leaching and pedogenic processes; and (ii) correlate elemental data with physicochemical properties of soils. Four soil profiles (Lithic Ustorthent, Typic Ustorthent, Typic Dystrudept, and Xanthic Hapludox) were described and sampled. Laboratory analysis for soil physicochemical characterization and pXRF were performed. Soils featured high contents of SiO2 due to the predominance of quartz in the rock. However, pXRF analysis revealed that the soils showed a decrease in such content with depth. Potassium contents tended to be greater in the C horizons since they are less weathered and retained greater amounts of K‐bearing minerals, such as muscovite. Al, Fe, Ca, Ti, Cu, and Sr increased their contents with increasing clay content in soils, while Zr generally remained stable. Ba was leached out of soils during weathering. Both CaO and Sr were positively correlated with exchangeable contents of Ca2+ and Mg2+, base saturation, pH, and cation exchange capacity, while inversely correlated to Al3+ saturation. Fe, Al, Ti, Ca, K, Cu, Rb, and Zr accumulated in soil in comparison with the parent material. Variability of elemental contents in soils with differential degrees of weathering–leaching can be easily accessed with pXRF and such data correlate well with several soil physicochemical properties.Core Ideas
Toposequence of quartzite‐derived soils variability assessed by pXRF.
Soils presented varying weathering degrees, from Entisols to Oxisols.
pXRF elemental data correlated well with soil physical and chemical properties.
Soil mineralogy and pXRF data elucidated soils variability with weathering.
Al, Fe, Ca, Ti, Cu, and Sr increased with increasing clay content.
Effect of suction chamber baffles on pressure fluctuations in a low specific speed centrifugal pump
Authors: Luo Kaikai , Wang Yong , Liu Houlin , Chen Jie , Li Yu , Yan Jun 
Published: August 2019

In order to study the effect of suction chamber baffles on hydraulic performance and unsteady characteristics in a low specific speed centrifugal pump, a model pump was design with enlarging flow mothed and four schemes of suction baffle, including no baffle (scheme 0), only one baffle in the suction (scheme 1), two baffles (scheme 2) and three baffles in the suction (scheme 3), were considered. Commercial code FLUENT was applied to simulate the flow of the pump. RNG k-ε turbulence model was adopted to handle with the turbulent flows in the pump. The sliding mesh technique was applied to take into account the impeller-volute interaction. Based on the simulation results, the hydraulic performance and pressure fluctuations were obtained and analyzed in detail. The head value of no baffle in the suction (scheme 0) is lower than that with baffles in the suction (scheme 1, scheme 2, scheme 3) at each condition point. Hump point in scheme 0 is at φ= 0.00596 (1.2 times Qo). The hump point in scheme 1, scheme 2, scheme 3 is at 0.8Qo, 1.0Qo, 1.0Qo, respectively. The ε value of scheme 1 is the smallest and that of scheme 0 is the largest in the four schemes. Six wave troughs are observed clearly at each monitoring point as the impeller rotates in a circle. Each time the impeller is turned 10 degrees, there are six obvious troughs around the impeller. With the rotation of the impeller, peak value of pressure fluctuations at blade passing frequency (BPF) is gradually decrease. At low flow (ϕ= 0.002383), the main frequency of pressure fluctuation at P36 and P1 under scheme 0, scheme 2 and scheme 3 is 295 Hz, which is corresponding to BPF. The pressure fluctuation levels are decreased by –2.72 %, –2.13 %, and –2.21 % respectively when the number of baffle in the suction is one, two, three, respectively. And decrease rate of pressure fluctuation (∆Cp) on scheme 1 is maximum. It indicates that Adding baffles to the suction chamber is beneficial to reduce the amplitude of pressure pulsation at BPF in the volute. The best number of baffles in the suction is one. Based on scheme 1 simulation results, the prototype was manufactured and the performance experiments were carried out. A good agreement of the head and efficiency between numerical results and experimental results are observed.
Combination of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathologic Analysis to Evaluate Interstitial Fibrosis in Kidney Allografts
Authors: Wang Wei , Yu Yuanmeng , Wen Jiqiu , Zhang Mingchao , Chen Jinsong , Cheng Dongrui , Zhang Longjiang , Liu Zhihong 
Published: August 2019

Background and objectives
Recent developments indicated that functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could potentially provide noninvasive assessment of kidney interstitial fibrosis in patients with kidney diseases, but direct evidence from histopathology is scarce. We aimed to explore the diagnostic utilities of functional MRI for the evaluation of kidney allograft interstitial fibrosis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We prospectively examined 103 kidney transplant recipients who underwent for-cause biopsies and 20 biopsy-proven normal subjects with functional MRI. Histomorphometric analyses of interstitial fibrosis and peritubular capillary densities were performed on digitally scanned Masson’s trichrome- and CD34-stained slides, respectively. The performances of functional MRI to discriminate interstitial fibrosis were assessed by calculating the area under the curve using receiver-operating characteristic curve.

Results
Main pathologic findings in this single-center cohort were representative of common diagnostic entities in the kidney allografts, with rejection (32%) and glomerulonephritides (31%) accounting for the majority of diagnoses. Apparent diffusion coefficient from diffusion-weighted imaging correlated with interstitial fibrosis (ρ=−0.77; P<0.001). Additionally, decreased arterial spin labelings were accompanied by peritubular capillary density reductions (r=0.77; P<0.001). Blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) imaging demonstrated cortical hypoxia with increasing interstitial fibrosis (ρ=0.61; P<0.001). The area under the curve for the discrimination of ≤25% versus >25% interstitial fibrosis and ≤50% versus >50% interstitial fibrosis were 0.87 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.79 to 0.93) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.93) by apparent diffusion coefficient, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.97) and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98) by arterial spin labeling, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.88) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.92) by perfusion fraction, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.87) and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.76 to 0.92) by BOLD imaging, respectively.

Conclusions
Functional MRI measurements were strongly correlated with kidney allograft interstitial fibrosis. The performances of functional MRI for discriminating ≤50% versus >50% interstitial fibrosis were good to excellent.
Technology Use to Deliver Faculty Development: A CERA Study
Authors: Minor Suzanne , Baker Suzanne , Drowos Joanna , Antoun Jumana , Baker Dennis , Harrison Suzanne Leonard , Chessman Alexander W. 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Technology provides a platform to help address individualized training needs for community preceptors who are separated from the campus and pressured to achieve clinical productivity goals. This study explores technology use and support for delivering faculty development to community preceptors.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was part of the 2017 Council of Academic Family Medicine’s (CAFM) Educational Research Alliance (CERA) annual survey of family medicine clerkship directors in the United States and Canada.
Results: The majority of respondents (n=62, 68.9%) agreed or strongly agreed that “using technology is critical to the successful delivery of faculty development to community preceptors.” Only one-third (n=31) agreed or strongly agreed that their institution offers them adequate support to create and deliver technology-mediated faculty development or offers adequate support to community preceptors for accessing and using technology.
Conclusions: Clerkship directors need institutional support to provide effective faculty development to preceptors via technology. The opportunity exists for institutions, national organizations, and professions to collaborate across disciplines and health professions on technology-based faculty development to support a level of quality and engagement for faculty development that is consistent with the levels we bring to student education.
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR OTOMOTIF DAN KOMPONEN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2008-2017
Authors: Ermiati Cut , Amanah Dita , Harahap Dedy Ansari , Siregar Eva Santi 
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dividend payout ratio terhadap dividend yield, pengaruh dividend payout ratio terhadap harga saham dan pengaruh dividend yield terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan sub sektor otomotif dan komponen yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada Tahun 2008-2017. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sub sektor otomotif dan komponen yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2008 – 2017 dimana jumlah populasi yang digunakan sebanyak 12 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling sehingga sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 3 perusahaan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS 23. Uji hipotesis menunjukkan dividend payout ratio berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham dan dividend yield berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham. Kata kunci : Dividend Payout Ratio, Dividend Yield, Harga Saham.
PERAN POLITIK CEU POPONG DALAM MEMBANGUN BANGSA YANG HARMONI
Authors: Ismawati Rd. Dewi , Rohadi Rohadi , Nulhaqim Soni Akhmad 
Published: August 2019

Kebudayaan dan gender tidak dapat dipisahkan. Dalam budaya Sunda, kedudukan perempuan dalam wilayah domestik maupun di luar bisa menjadi kontradiktif. Ceu Popong sebagai perempuan asli Sunda membuktikan bahwa, terlepas dari beragam persepsi bagaimana budaya Sunda dalam memandang kedudukan perempuan, ia tetap bisa mengembangkan diri sebagai politisi hingga terpilih menjadi Anggota DPR-RI selama lima periode. Dalam perspektif teori gender dan gerakan feminis, perubahan peran Ceu Popong sebagai pengurus rumah tangga menjadi politisi membuktikan pentingnya pendidikan dan keadilan sosial sebagai kunci pemberdayaan perempuan, khususnya di ranah politik praktis. Ceu Popong juga telah membuktikan identitas pribadi, seperti gender, suku, atau bahkan partai, merupakan salah satu dari banyak faktor untuk membangun harmoni bangsa dalam keberagaman. The concept of culture and gender cannot be separated. In Subdanese culture, women position in domestic and public area can be contradictive. Ceu Popong as Sundanese woman proves that, regardless the varies perception of women position in Sundanese culture, she can actualize her role as politicianand got elected as member of parliament (DPRRI) for five periods. Gender theory and feminism movement theory, explained this role changes from householf wife to politician is a proof of the importance of education and social justice as the keys to women empowerment, especially in political sphere. And also. Ceu Popong has proved that personal identity, like gender, culture, and even party, are one of many factors that can build nations’s harmony in diversity.
KONFLIK PENGELOLAAN SUMBER AIR BERSIH ANTARA PT. SUKAPUTRA GRAHACEMERLANG (SGC) SEBAGAI PENGEMBANG PERUMAHAN DENGAN WARGA PERUMAHAN SENTUL CITY
Authors: Dwinata Mahda Diva , Irfan Maulana 
Published: August 2019

Air adalah sumber kehidupan dan merupakan hak bagi setiap manusia, bahkan Bangsa Indonesia sudah mengatur dan menetapkan dalam pasal 33 UUD 1945 Hak yang dimaksud adalah melalui kebijakan selaku pemegang kendali dalam pengurusan, pengaturan, pengelolaan dan pengawasan. PT. Sukaputra Grahacemerlang (SGC) (Anak Perusahaan PT. Sentul City) sebagai pihak pengembang perumahan Sentul City telah melakukan konflik dalam pengelolaan sumber air bersih terhadap warga Sentul City. Situasi tersebut dapat berdampak konflik berkepanjangan terutama pada konflik sosial di masyarakat yang berada di lokasi tersebut. Melihat kondisi warga yang menjadi korban karena sulitnya mendapatkan pasokan air bersih, sudah saatnya para pemangku kepentingan turun tangan untuk segera mengatasi masalah ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini menggunakan studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan dokumen berita, jurnal serta dokumen lain yang mendukungnya.
Políticas de educação de gênero e diversidade sexual teoria queer: desafios para formação docente
Authors: De Pádua Cavalcanti Bastos Marcus Alexandre , Pereira Alexandre De Jesus , De Paulo Fábio Narduchi 
Published: August 2019

<p>A formação docente tem como uma de suas metas a valorização para o convívio com as diferenças nas salas de aulas. O respeito as singularidade de cada membro deve se fazer presente no cotidiano escolar. Estes componentes constituem pressupostos de uma sociedade democrática que tem como objetivo promover valores de tolerância e do <em>respeito</em> pela <em>diversidade. </em>Porém, nesse mesmo ambiente, é possível constatar que o diálogo acerca da diversidade sexual geralmente é utilizado para direcionar e reforçar os padrões heterossexuais, gerando exclusão daqueles que não se enquadram aos mesmos. Destarte, o presente artigo tem por objetivo propor uma discussão sobre as relações de gênero e a violência contra alunas(os) Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais – LGBTT no âmbito escolar. Compreendemos aqui que a escola costuma ser um dos primeiros dispositivos de controle onde pessoas que subvertem as normas de gênero acabam sofrendo preconceito e humilhações. Frequentemente, isso é reforçado pela LGBTTfobia dos/as profissionais de ensino por sua falta de preparo para abordar os temas que dizem respeito a sexualidade. Desse modo, este estudo pretende apresentar a necessidade de uma formação específica docente tendo em vista a diversidade sexual contemporânea que permeia a instituição escolar centrada em uma heteronormatividade padronizadas/hegemonicas de sexo e gênero que impede que se criem elementos de combate a LGBTTfobia nas instituições de ensino.</p><p><strong>Palavras-Chave</strong>: Educação, Teoria Queer, Gênero, Diversidade Sexual</p>
Redes sociais como estratégia didática nas questões de gênero e sexualidade no cotidiano escolar apontamentos para o campo da educação
Authors: Cabral Shirley Araujo 
Published: August 2019

<p>O presente trabalho teve como objetivo problematizar as questões de gênero e sexualidade, principalmente assuntos que envolvem temas como <em>violência doméstica e sexual</em> contra crianças e <em>adolescentes</em> que vão desde negligência até formas mais intensas de abuso físico e exploração sexual. exibidas pela mídia e aquelas que são trabalhadas no espaço escolar. A preocupação com esta temática resultou da minha experiência a partir de um ciclo de palestras e debates sobre gêneros e sexualidade realizado em 2016 com alunos e professores da primeira a terceira série do ensino médio na Escola Municipal Márcio Fiat localizada na Baixada Fluminense, Município de Duque de Caxias. - Rio de Janeiro. Nesta escola, nos chamou atenção o questionamento dos alunos em torno das mensagens divulgadas pela rede social Facebook relacionadas à sexualidade e gênero. A partir daí, surgiu o interesse em entender melhor o papel exercido pelas mídias e sua interação no contexto escolar por parte de alunos e professores em questões relativas à temática proposta. A partir desse entendimento, passamos a pensar como usar a mídia para trabalhar essas questões na escola. </p>