bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying molecular signatures in parts-per-billion level by anomalous diffusion kinetics on metal organic frameworks
Authors: Srinivas Balasubramanian , Phani* Arindam , Mu Xueliang , Kim Keekyoung , Park Simon , Kim Seonghwan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Biology achieves parts-per-billion (ppb) sensitivity in gas speciation by tracking chemical gradients over time. Replicating this precision in engineered sensors is challenging due to the small differences in adsorption activation energy (\(\:{E}_{a}\)) between molecular species. \(\:{E}_{a}\) imposes exponentially growing long steady-state response times (\(\:{E}_{a}/{k}_{B}T)\) relative to the Brownian thermal fluctuation scale (\(\:{k}_{B}T\)), limiting time-based molecular discernibility. Diffusion kinetics, which are often overlooked, can alter adsorption behavior over time. We demonstrate that the diffusion of volatiles on a thin \(\:\sim200\:nm\) nanoporous metal-organic framework matrix varies anomalously when synergized by strain from shear vibrations of a quartz crystal microbalance. This generates unique adsorption timescale signatures, enabling us to decouple a second fluctuational timescale, highlighting a constant interplay of steady-state and fluctuational adsorption behaviors. This distinct timescale offers a new selectivity metric, achieving ppb-level sensitivity that closely mimics biological standards. Our results showcase the potential of using fluctuational kinetics at a nanoporous interface for real-time molecular identification.

*Balasubramanian Srinivasan and Arindam Phani contributed equally to this work and will share the first authorship.
Feasibility on the Reuse of Waste Drilling Mud for the Treatment of Desertified Soils
Authors: Liu Yiliang , Zhang Xing , Yu Jie , Zhu Xiaoli , Zhou Shi , Zhang Ziye 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Drilling mud, composed of clay, bentonite, and potassium humate, can enhance nutrient availability in barren, coarse-textured soils. This study examines drilling mud from a coalfield and adjacent wind-sand land, focusing on its microscopic structure, particle size distribution, heavy metal content, and potential for resource utilization.The analysis reveals that the drilling mud is a solid-liquid mixture with a pH of 6.94 and 68.44% water content. The fine precipitated particles have a smooth surface. Adding drilling mud did not significantly affect soil pH or electrical conductivity, nor did it alter salinization or alkalization levels. However, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and rapid-release potassium increased significantly. Total heavy metal levels remained within acceptable limits as per the "Soil Environmental Quality - Risk Control Standard for Soil Pollution of Agricultural Land" (GB15618-2018).The particle size distribution of the mud spans a few micrometers to several hundred micrometers, effectively filling small sandy soil pores and improving particle size distribution. Adding 30% drilling mud significantly reduced medium and fine sand content while increasing clay and silt from 2.5% (CK group) to 12.8% (M3 group), enhancing soil structure and stability. Water retention in sandy soil improved significantly, with the M4 group achieving 20.5% retention compared to 12.3% in the CK group, demonstrating remarkable enhancement.
Walkaway-VSP Velocity Modeling Based on Elastic Full Waveform Tomography
Authors: Su Qin , Zhang Ran , Yang Zhe , Liu Xiaobo , Lu Jun , Hu Guangmin , Wang Hua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Walkaway Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) can receive three-component full elastic wavefield information in the well, including upgoing and downgoing P- and SV-waves. This is beneficial for constructing accurate subsurface velocity models and improving the processing and interpretation quality of seismic data. The existing VSP velocity modeling methods are primarily based on traveltime tomography, and the amplitude information has not been fully utilized. The main reason is that the pre-stack preprocessing of VSP data often breaks the polarization characteristics of P- and SV-waves, resulting in insufficient fidelity of the P- and SV-wave amplitudes used for inversion. This paper proposes an elastic full waveform tomography (EFWT) strategy for Walkaway-VSP in time domain. Tests on the forward VSP data of the Marmousi model show that the EFWT method can produce stable inversion results for the P- and SV-wave velocity models even when the initial models are inaccurate. For the application of real Walkaway-VSP data, we establish a pre-stack processing flow for EFWT that can maintain the polarization characteristics of the Z- and R-component seismic waves. The calibration results of the corridor stack section show that the P- and SV-wave velocity models generated by EFWT can align PP- and PSV-wave imaging accurately at the correct depth. This highlights the feasibility and significant potential of the proposed EFWT strategy for VSP applications.
A Novel Conditioning Regimen with Pre-transplantation Immunosuppression Reduces the Complication Rates in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia
Authors: Yang Huaqing , Li Xinyu , Que Liping , Chen Han , Zhan Liping , Zhou Dunhua , Li Yang , Lin Shaofen , Wang Yin , Wu Xiaojun , Han Xiawei , Wu Zhengzhou , Zhong Danping , Huang Ke , Xu Honggui , Fang Jianpei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background Allo-HSCT is a curative therapy for patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT). The high incidence of transplant-related complications is becoming an obstacle to safe and effective unrelated donor (URD) transplantation.
Methods In this retrospective study, we reported the survival outcomes and complications of transplantation in thalassemia patients using a novel regimen consisting of pre-transplantation immunosuppression (PTIS) and modified myeloablative conditioning based on intravenous busulfan, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, and rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin.
Results A total of 88 thalassemia patients received the novel conditioning regimen (NCR group), while 118 patients received the conventional conditioning regimen (CCR group). The median age at HSCT in the NCR group was older (7 years vs. 4 years, p< 0.05). No patient in the NCR group experienced primary graft failure, while the 3-year probabilities of OS and TFS were 96.6% and 93.2%, respectively. Even when the intensity of conditioning was reduced, OS (94.8% vs. 94.3%, p=0.848) and TFS (89.8% vs. 92.5%, p=0.663) in URD transplants in the NCR group were comparable to those in the CCR group, while the risk of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) (0% vs. 15.1%) was lower. In addition, the NCR group had lower rates of mixed chimerism (7.1%).
Conclusions URD transplantation can achieve a comparable prognosis to matched sibling donor (MSD) transplantation with a lower incidence of AIHA due to PTIS and modified myeloablative conditioning regimen.
Association between maternal lipid profiles during late pregnancy in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus and offspring birth size
Authors: Peng Jing , Zhang Li , Jin Jing , Miao Huazhang , Liu Guocheng , Guo Yong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Maternal glucose and lipid levels are known to influence fetal growth. Yet, there is scarce data on how maternal lipid profiles affect birth size in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) compared to those without GDM.
Methods: The retrospective study was conducted including 10490 women with singleton pregnancy (2351 GDM and 8139 non-GDM) during December 2016 and July 2022. Maternal serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were measured at 28-42 weeks of gestation. Maternal glucose values were extracted from 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Neonatal birth weight was obtained at delivery and standardized as birth weight z-scores according to the INTERGROWTH-21st standards.
Results: Women diagnosed with GDM exhibited elevated mean TG levels compared to those without GDM, alongside lower levels of TC, HDL, and LDL. TG levels were positively associated with birth weight in both GDM and non-GDM group, while TC, HDL, and LDL levels displayed a mild negative correlation with birth weight. In the GDM group, an increase of 1 mmol/L in maternal TG levels correlated with a 28.4 g rise in birth weight (95% CI: 17.8 to 39.1), whereas a 1 mmol/L increase in TC (-19.2 g; 95% CI: -31.9 to -6.5), HDL (-120.7 g; 95% CI: -164.8 to -76.6), and LDL (-22.2 g; 95% CI: -40.4 to -4) was linked to a decrease in birth weight. Compared to the group with TG levels ≤ 10th percentile, the group with TG levels ≥ 90th percentile in women with GDM was associated with increased risks of offspring large for gestational age (adjusted OR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.51 to 6.30) and macrosomia (adjusted OR: 4.04; 95% CI: 1.37 to 11.93), a stronger risk factor than that of those without GDM.
Conclusions: Our study further confirms the significant link between maternal lipid profiles in late pregnancy and newborn birth size, with a more pronounced effect observed in women with GDM compared to those without GDM.
Lessons learned from PCD-ENGAGE, a decentralized mobile health clinical trial for the management of primary ciliary dyskinesia.
Authors: Sahota Navdeep , Aziza Rabia , Komarzynski Sandra , Dixon Lucy , Dexter Katie , Schofield Lynne , Peake Stevie , Davies Elin Haf , Ferrer-Mallol Elisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic condition that causes an impairment in mucus clearance due to abnormal function of airway cilia. This results in recurrent respiratory infections and progressive lung damage. Symptoms are managed via prescribed airway clearance techniques (ACTs) which are essential for preventing lung exacerbations and improving quality-of-life (QOL), as well as antibiotics to treat lung infections. Regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle are also recommended. However, maintaining regular engagement with ACTs is challenging for people living with PCD.
The PCD-ENGAGE study aimed to evaluate the impact of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention on engagement with prescribed ACTs in people living with PCD. This was a fully decentralised, randomised controlled trial co-designed with PCD Support UK, where participants were allocated to either a control arm (daily self-reporting ACT engagement via an app) or an intervention arm (the addition of Garmin Vivosmart® 5 wearable tracker and behaviour change features). The primary outcome was engagement with prescribed ACTs at the end of the 12-week study period. Secondary outcomes included changes in QOL and exacerbation rate, in addition to an exploratory analysis of wearable data to identify potential markers of lung exacerbations and lifestyle changes.
Results: Thirteen participants were included in the analysis out of the 19 that were randomised. Whilst recruitment was lower than anticipated, engagement with ACTs was similar between the control and intervention groups, with an overall engagement rate that exceeded previously reported adherence in other chronic respiratory conditions. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of engagement with ACTs. The wearable data did not provide consistent markers for detecting exacerbations or exercise, and the compliance with study procedures declined during the 12-week period.
Conclusions: While the engagement with self-reporting ACT diaries and the additional intervention features was feasible, the small sample size limits the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Despite these limitations, this study provides valuable insights into the design and conduct of decentralised trials, particularly in terms of optimising recruitment strategies and ensuring sustained engagement.
CPR Related Injuries of the Chest Wall – Direct and Indirect Fractures
Authors: Schenderlein Anne , Groh Johannes , Kern Florian , Perl Mario , Schulz-Drost Stefan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Rib and sternum fractures are common injuries associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The fracture mechanism is either direct by application of force on sternum and anterior ribs or indirect by bending through compression of the thorax.
The aim of this study was to determine morphologies of rib fractures after CPR and to reevaluate prior findings on fracture localisation, type and degree of dislocation.
Methods
The present study was based on all inpatients treated for chest wall fractures after non traumatic cardiac arrest at a Level 1 Trauma Centre from 2010 to 2016 who had received CT scans. Each fracture was analyzed for location, degree of dislocation and fracture type classified according to AO/OTA and CWIS. We also analysed Fracture Line orientation.
Results
We enrolled 40 patients with a total of 423 rib fractures. We found most fractures anterolaterally between the 3rd to 6th rib symmetrically on both sides of the thorax.
We found sternum fractures in 30% of the patients, 50% being located at the at the corpus sterni between rib 3 and 4. All patients with sternum fractures suffered from rib fractures and most had fractures of the cartilage or osteochondral junction. All cartilage fractures were straight, undisplaced type A fractures.
Most indirect fractures occurred anterolaterally between 50 and 60° in the axial plane. More than 90% of those fractures were classified as type A, 70% showed a straight fracture line and 60% were undisplaced. There was no difference in degree of dislocation between straight and oblique fracture lines. We found 143 incomplete fractures.
Conclusion
We confirmed prior findings regarding fracture patterns in CPR related injuries.
We observed approximately 2-3 times as many straight-lined fractures as oblique ones following indirect trauma. One third of all fractures are incomplete, these highlights the special characteristics like high elasticity of ribs.
Experimental investigations on diesel-like fuel from Schleichera Oleosa operated indirect injection and Direct injection diesel engine: A combined application of ANN and RSM based optimization
Authors: Chaikool Patamaporn , Intravised Kemwat , Suiuay Chokchai , Poojeera Sahassawas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study focused on assessing the performance of an agricultural diesel engine when using biofuel from Schleichera Oleosa (SO) with an engine tune-up in order to increase performance efficiency as well as reduce fuel consumption. The ANN model was used to analyze the tested data and estimate parameters, while the RSM model was used to increase the efficiency of the engine performance. The results of the ANN model showed that it was sufficient for predicting brake torque, brake power, and BSFC. The R2 of BSFC was less than the R2 of brake torque and brake power, leading to higher errors. The RMSE values for brake torque, brake power, and BSFC in the ID engine were 0.95 N-m, 0.154 kW, and 16.2 g/kW-hr, respectively, while the values in the IDI engine were 1.26 N-m, 0.211 kW, and13.8 g/kW-hr, respectively. Regarding the results of RSM optimization for the DI engine, the predicted values for the response parameters in accordance with the optimum operating parameters were 33.05 N-m of brake torque, 5.902 kW of brake power, and 436 g/kW-hr of BSFC. In the IDI engine, the response parameters were 30.93 N-m of brake torque, 5.261 kW of brake power, and 374 g/kW-hr of BSFC, following the optimum operating parameters.
Post-Discharge Complications and Follow-Up Timing after Hospitalization for Traumatic Rib Fractures
Authors: Anderson Taylor N. , Earley Michelle , Rockwood Sarah J. , Zudock Elizabeth J. , Steeman Samantha L. , Footman Jianna K. , Castro Samuel , Myers Alexandra A. , Flojo Renceh A.B. , Forrester Joseph D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate frequency and timing of post-discharge complications in patients with traumatic rib fractures undergoing operative or nonoperative management.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed adult patients with rib fractures admitted to a Level 1 trauma center from 1/2020-12/2021. Outcomes included rib-related complications, pneumonia within 1 month, new diagnosis of opioid- or alcohol-use disorder, and all-cause mortality. Patients were stratified on whether they underwent surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF). Associations between risk factors and outcomes were evaluated through Fine and Gray hazard models with death (or in-hospital death for the post-discharge death outcome) as a competing risk.
Results
Of 976 patients admitted with rib fractures, 904(93%) underwent non-operative therapy and 72(7%) underwent SSRF. Nonoperative patients had less-severe injuries and shorter ICU length-of-stay. Rib-related complications occurred in 13(1%) nonsurgical patients and 4(6%) surgical patients. In the nonsurgical group, presence of hemo/pneumothorax on admission was associated with increased risk of rib-related complications [subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) (95% CI): 5.95(1.8, 19.67)]. Pneumonia within 1 month occurred in 9(1%) nonsurgical patients and 1(1%) surgical patient. New diagnosis of alcohol or opioid-use disorder was made in 14(2%) nonsurgical patients and 1(1%) surgical patients. All-cause mortality was 68(8%) in the nonsurgical group and 2(3%) in the surgical group. Older age was associated with mortality in the nonsurgical cohort [SHR (95% CI): 1.83(1.46, 2.28)].
Conclusion
Post-discharge rib-related complications were rare in both groups, but occurred primarily within 2 weeks, suggesting concentrated earlier follow-up may be beneficial. These findings help inform recommendations for follow-up in this population.
Survey on the Health Status of Married Afghan Women Residing in Mehmanshahr Camp, Torbat-e Jam, Iran, 2024
Authors: Rahimian Mohammad , Abbasi.Shavazi Masoumeh , Morowati.Sharifabad Mohammad.Ali , jambarsang Sara , Nasiri Zhoreh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Mental health plays an important role in the quality of life and survival of people, especially refugees and asylum seekers. Afghanistan is one of the largest immigrant countries in the world and about 2.5 million Afghans live in Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate and estimate mental disorders in married Afghan women living in Iran's Torbet Jam camp in 2024.
Methods: The sample consisted of 226 married women living in Torbat Jam camp who were selected by random sampling. DASS-21 standard questionnaire was used to collect mental health information of the participants and the data was analyzed with SPSS after collection.
Results: The average age of the participants was 38.7 years and 15% of them were pregnant. More than half of the participants (51.3%) reported at least one mental health disorder. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in the population under study was 42.9%, 51.3%, and 47.2%, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering that Afghan refugee women in Iran are vulnerable to intimate partner violence, economic and livelihood problems, it is very important to address mental health and in addition to the efforts of the host country, international assistance is needed.
Biosolids as a Potential Source of PFAS to Farming Soils
Authors: Vargas Diana Oviedo , Anton Jessica , Coleman-Kammula Seetha , Qin Xiaohuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study, one of the few conducted to date on working farms in the US, examined per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in 10 farms treated with biosolids using a paired control-treatment approach. Biosolids are nutrient-rich and inexpensive soil amendments, however, if the biosolids contain PFAS which are known to be toxic, mobile and to bioaccumulate, they can leave lasting negative impacts on farming soil and water. Our study showed significantly higher concentrations of PFAS in biosolids-treated (treatment) soils compared to (untreated) controls. Soil depth, soil physicochemical properties (e.g., organic matter and pH), and biosolid sources affected concentrations and types of PFAS in treated soils. While PFAS precursors were present in biosolids, they were absent in treated soils, likely due to biotransformation to terminal perfluoroalkyl products. The detection of shorter-chain PFAS in surface water highlights their greater mobility, raising concerns beyond the boundaries of the biosolid-treated farms.
Activities of daily living in older individuals with chronic kidney disease：What factors might influence it?
Authors: Ren Jiangwen , Hu Yingchun , Li Jing , Chen Huixiu , Zhou Jianan , Wu Hongmei , Liu Guanjian , Hao Qiukui , Cao Li , Yang Ming , Zhu Hongxia , Chen Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Older individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience a significant decline in their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with decreased ADLs in older individuals with CKD. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 September 2013 and 30 June 2014 at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Kangfu Kidney Disease Hospital in Chengdu. The study encompassed individuals with CKD who were aged > 60 years. Each participant underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment by trained doctors. In the univariate analysis, significant statistical differences (P < 0.05) were observed in several factors, including age, marital status, serum albumin levels, risk of malnutrition, malnutrition, cognitive function, depression scores, comorbidity index, subjective support, and the use of social support. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that independent factors associated with impaired ADLs in older individuals with CKD included age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–3.25 for ages 70–79 years; OR = 5.42, 95% CI: 2.99–9.81 for ages ≥ 80 years), widowhood (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.15–3.15), depression (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.22–1.44), risk of malnutrition (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.70–4.65), and malnutrition (OR = 5.13, 95%CI: 2.51–10.50).
Numerical analysis and flow features prediction in a Backward-facing step geometry using neural networks
Authors: Bozorgchenani Ali Reza , Khavasi Ehsan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this paper, artificial neural networks are used to predict flow characteristics such as velocity of air, velocity of copper particles and particle concentration in a backward-facing step geometry. The data that used for learning the networks are achieved by ANSYS FLUENT computations in 2D framework using Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes method and k-ω SST turbulence model. Results had good agreement with the experimental data. The fully developed turbulent flow at the inlet had a center line velocity of 10.5 m/s and a Reynolds number of 18,400, based on step height H (26.7mm). It is observed that by considering stochastic collisions between particles, better results are discovered. In order to predict the flow’s characteristics, neural networks with one and two hidden layers are trained and several activation functions and learning algorithms are investigated. Since using neumerical computations for various cases require significant calculation time, artificial neural networks are used to obtain the flow features with negligible computational time and the results revealed a good accordance compared with FLUENT’s results.