bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintaining Professional Commitment as a Newly Credentialed Athletic Trainer in the Secondary School Setting
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Myers Sarah L. , Walker Stacy E , Kirby Jessica 
Published: February 2018

Context: Professional commitment, or one's affinity and loyalty to a career, has become a topic of interest in athletic training. The expanding research on the topic, however, has omitted newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs). For an impressionable group of practitioners, transitioning to clinical practice can be stressful.Objective: To explore the professional commitment of newly credentialed ATs in the secondary school setting.Setting: Secondary school.Design: Qualitative study.Patients or Other Participants: A total of 31 newly credentialed ATs (6 men, 25 women; mean age = 24 ± 3 years) participated. Of these, 17 ATs (4 men, 13 women; mean age = 25 ± 4 years) were employed full time in the secondary school setting, and 14 ATs (2 men, 12 women; mean age = 23.0 ± 2.0 years) were graduate assistant students in the secondary school setting.Data Collection and Analysis: All participants completed semistructured interviews, which focused on their experiences in the secondary school setting and transitioning into the role and setting. Transcripts were analyzed using the phenomenologic approach. Creditability was established by peer review, member checks, and researcher triangulation.Results: Four main findings related to the professional commitment of newly credentialed ATs in the secondary school setting were identified. Work-life balance, professional relationships formed with the student-athletes, enjoyment gained from working in the secondary school setting, and professional responsibility emerged as factors facilitating commitment.Conclusions: Affective commitment is a primary facilitator of professional commitment. Newly credentialed ATs who enjoy their jobs and have time to engage in nonwork roles are able to maintain a positive professional commitment. Our findings align with the previous literature and help strengthen our understanding that rejuvenation and passion are important to professional commitment.
Clinical significance of magnetic resonance imaging findings in chronic low backache
Authors: Kohat A.K. , Kalita Jayantee , Ramanivas S. , Misra Usha K. , Phadke R.V. 
Published: February 2018

Background & objectives:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently done for the evaluation of chronic low backache (CLBA), however, its significance in Indian patients has not been evaluated. We report here the MRI findings in patients with CLBA and their sensitivity and specificity with clinical evidence of radiculopathy and localized CLBA as well as correlate these with pain severity and disability.

Methods:
Seventy two patients with CLBA aged 20-70 yr without trauma, infection, tumour, metastasis and vascular malformation were included in the study. Their demographic characteristics, lifestyle, education and employment were noted. Lumbosacral MRI was carried out and 19 MRI parameters at six levels (D12-L1-L5-S1) were noted. The severity of pain was assessed by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0-10) and disability by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

Results:
MRI was abnormal in all patients, the most common being disc desiccation (90.3%) followed by facet joint arthropathy (FJA; 75%) and nerve root compression (NRC; 72.2%). Endplate changes and high-intensity zone were noted in 58 and 50 per cent of patients, respectively. One-third patients with FJA, however, were below 30 yr of age. NRC on MRI had 61.3 per cent sensitivity and 10 per cent specificity with clinical radiculopathy. FJA had 60.7 per cent sensitivity and 15.9 per cent specificity with localized CLBA. None of the MRI parameters and MRI sum score correlated with NRS and ODI. On multivariate analysis, NRS was independent predictor of ODI (odds ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.35-0.98, P=0.04).

Interpretation & conclusions:
In patients with CLBA, NRC on MRI showed poor specificity with corresponding clinical radiculopathy and FJA with localized backache. None of the MRI abnormality correlated with the severity of pain or disability.
Toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolates from clinically significant diarrhoea in patients from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Singh Meenakshi , Vaishnavi Chetana , Kochhar Rakesh , Mahmood Safrun 
Published: February 2018

Background & objectives:

Clostridium difficile is the primary cause of hospital-acquired colitis in patients receiving antibiotics. The pathogenicity of the organism is mainly due to the production of toxins. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of toxigenic C. difficile in the faecal samples of hospitalized patients suspected to have C. difficile infection (CDI) and corroborating the findings with their clinical and demographic data.

Methods:
Diarrhoeic samples obtained from 1110 hospitalized patients were cultured for C. difficile and the isolates confirmed by phenotypic and molecular methods. Toxigenicity of the isolates was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for toxins A and B. Details of patients included in the study were noted and analyzed.

Results:
Of the 1110 patients (mean age 39±19.6 yr), 63.9 per cent were males and 36.1 per cent were females. The major antibiotics received by the patients were nitazoxanide (23.9%), penicillins/penicillin combinations (19.0%), quinolones including fluoroquinolones (13.1%), carbapenems (11.5%), glycopeptides (11.0%) and cephalosporins (8.4%). The clinical symptoms predominantly present were watery diarrhoea (56.4%), fever (40.0%) and abdominal pain (35.3%). The underlying diseases were gastrointestinal disorders (52.6%), followed by cancers (13.2%), surgical conditions (8.3%), and hepatic disorders (8.0%). Of the 174 C. difficile isolates, 54.6 per cent were toxigenic. Toxigenic C. difficile was present in all patients with surgical conditions, 65.2 per cent with cancers and 57.1 per cent with gastrointestinal disorders.

Interpretation & conclusions:

C. difficile was found to be an important cause of gastrointestinal infections in hospitalized patients with underlying diseases and on antibiotics. Clinical conditions of the patients correlating with toxigenic culture can be an important tool for establishing CDI diagnosis.
Role of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography in the Characterization of Focal Solid Hepatic Lesions
Authors: Nagolu Harshavardhan , Kattoju Sudhakar , Natesan Chidambaranathan , Krishnakumar Meera , Kumar Sunil 
Published: February 2018

Objective:The purpose of the study is to investigate the usefulness of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in the characterization of focal solid liver lesions as benign, malignant, or metastatic using ARFI two-dimensional (2D) imaging and ARFI quantification (shear wave velocities [SWVs]).Materials and Methods:Sixty lesions were included in this study. The lesions were classified into three groups: Group I included benign lesions (n= 25), Group II included malignant lesions (n= 27), and Group III included metastatic lesions (n= 8). ARFI elastography was performed in all these patients using a Siemens ACUSON S 2000™ ultrasound machine. Stiffness and size of the lesions were assessed on ARFI 2D images in correlation with B-mode ultrasound images. SWVs were obtained in these lesions for the quantification of stiffness.Results:In ARFI 2D images, malignant lesions were predominantly stiffer and larger, while benign lesions were softer and similar in size (P< 0.05). The mean SWVs in benign, malignant, and metastatic lesions were 1.30 ± 0.35 m/s, 2.93 ± 0.75 m/s, and 2.77 ± 0.90 m/s, respectively. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of SWV for differentiating benign from malignant lesions was 0.877, suggesting fair accuracy (95% confidence interval: 0.777–0.976); with a cutoff value of 2 m/s, showing sensitivity: 92%; specificity: 96%; positive predictive value: 96%; negative predictive value: 93% (P< 0.05). Statistically significant difference exists in SWV of benign and malignant or metastatic lesions.Conclusion:ARFI elastography with 2D imaging and quantification might be useful in the characterization of benign and malignant liver lesions.
Over pubers, adolescenten en infantilisering
Authors: Koops Willem 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

On puberty, adolescence and infantilisation

In this paper adolescence is seen as a cultural historical phenomenon and not as a biological unavoidable developmental stage. It is demonstrated that in earlier centuries there was no such thing as adolescence; that since the 18th century adolescence as a developmental stage became longer and longer; and that adolescence does not exist within pre-industrial countries. It is claimed that the classical adolescence, as described by Stanley Hall is in our time disappearing. This is a slower process in the USA than in Western Europe, because of the commercial importance of adolescence in the USA. It is concluded that adolescence researchers should start from the conviction that adolescents are full-fledged interlocutors, who should carry societal responsibility.
Differences in learning retention when teaching a manual motor skill with a visual vs written instructional aide
Authors: Cade Alice , Sherson Matthew , Holt Kelly , Dobson Graham , Pritchard Katie , Haavik Heidi 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
This study aimed to determine if a written or visual teaching aid influenced learning retention when teaching a manual motor skill.

Methods:
Seventy chiropractic students who had completed an upper cervical specific chiropractic technique course were evaluated for technique-specific recall before and after a review using either a visual teaching aid or a written guide. Two randomized groups reviewed original course-written guides (n = 33) or new visual teaching aids (n = 37). Repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc t tests compared group differences in reevaluation scores.

Results:
Performance of both groups improved postintervention (F[1, 68] = 182.56, p &lt; .001). However, the visual teaching aid group improved more than the written guide group (F[1, 68] = 4.66, p = .03). The visual teaching aid group percentage score improved by 24.4% (SD ± 12.3%, p &lt; .01); the written guide group improved by 17.7% (SD ± 13.7%; p &lt; .01).

Conclusion:
The mean learning retention improved in both the visual and the written teaching guide groups, but there was greater improvement in the visual aid group. This study suggests that visual teaching aids may be more useful than written guides when students attempt to recall information related to learning a manual motor skill.
Internal Natural Resonances Prediction Through the Theory of Characteristic Modes
Authors: Bernabeu‐Jimenez Tomas , Valero‐Nogueira Alejandro , Vico‐Bondia Felipe , Kishk Ahmed A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSome aspects in the interpretation of the resonances provided by the theory of characteristic modes for dielectric bodies are analyzed. The analysis has been performed analytically based on the Poggio‐Miller‐Chang‐Harrington‐Wu‐Tsai formulation on a canonical problem, the infinite dielectric circular cylinder. First, natural resonances and characteristic mode resonances are presented and compared. It has been observed that characteristic mode resonances are in general near to internal natural resonances but not to external ones. It is also demonstrated that characteristic resonances become closer to internal natural ones as the relative permittivity of the dielectric cylinder is increased.
Dynamic Biological Functioning Important for Simulating and Stabilizing Ocean Biogeochemistry
Authors: Buchanan P. J. , Matear R. J. , Chase Z. , Phipps S. J. , Bindoff N. L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe biogeochemistry of the ocean exerts a strong influence on the climate by modulating atmospheric greenhouse gases. In turn, ocean biogeochemistry depends on numerous physical and biological processes that change over space and time. Accurately simulating these processes is fundamental for accurately simulating the ocean's role within the climate. However, our simulation of these processes is often simplistic, despite a growing understanding of underlying biological dynamics. Here we explore how new parameterizations of biological processes affect simulated biogeochemical properties in a global ocean model. We combine 6 different physical realizations with 6 different biogeochemical parameterizations (36 unique ocean states). The biogeochemical parameterizations, all previously published, aim to more accurately represent the response of ocean biology to changing physical conditions. We make three major findings. First, oxygen, carbon, alkalinity, and phosphate fields are more sensitive to changes in the ocean's physical state. Only nitrate is more sensitive to changes in biological processes, and we suggest that assessment protocols for ocean biogeochemical models formally include the marine nitrogen cycle to assess their performance. Second, we show that dynamic variations in the production, remineralization, and stoichiometry of organic matter in response to changing environmental conditions benefit the simulation of ocean biogeochemistry. Third, dynamic biological functioning reduces the sensitivity of biogeochemical properties to physical change. Carbon and nitrogen inventories were 50% and 20% less sensitive to physical changes, respectively, in simulations that incorporated dynamic biological functioning. These results highlight the importance of a dynamic biology for ocean properties and climate.
Predictability of Landslide Timing From Quasi‐Periodic Precursory Earthquakes
Authors: Bell Andrew F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAccelerating rates of geophysical signals are observed before a range of material failure phenomena. They provide insights into the physical processes controlling failure and the basis for failure forecasts. However, examples of accelerating seismicity before landslides are rare, and their behavior and forecasting potential are largely unknown. Here I use a Bayesian methodology to apply a novel gamma point process model to investigate a sequence of quasiperiodic repeating earthquakes preceding a large landslide at Nuugaatsiaq in Greenland in June 2017. The evolution in earthquake rate is best explained by an inverse power law increase with time toward failure, as predicted by material failure theory. However, the commonly accepted power law exponent value of 1.0 is inconsistent with the data. Instead, the mean posterior value of 0.71 indicates a particularly rapid acceleration toward failure and suggests that only relatively short warning times may be possible for similar landslides in future.
Magnetic Reconnection at a Thin Current Sheet Separating Two Interlaced Flux Tubes at the Earth's Magnetopause
Authors: Kacem I. , Jacquey C. , Génot V. , Lavraud B. , Vernisse Y. , Marchaudon A. , Le Contel O. , Breuillard H. , Phan T. D. , Hasegawa H. , Oka M. , Trattner K. J. , Farrugia C. J. , Paulson K. , Eastwood J. P. , Fuselier S. A. , Turner D. , Eriksson S. , Wilder F. , Russell C. T. , Øieroset M. , Burch J. , Graham D. B. , Sauvaud J.‐A. , Avanov L. , Chandler M. , Coffey V. , Dorelli J. , Gershman D. J. , Giles B. L. , Moore T. E. , Saito Y. , Chen L.‐J. , Penou E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe occurrence of spatially and temporally variable reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause leads to the complex interaction of magnetic fields from the magnetosphere and magnetosheath. Flux transfer events (FTEs) constitute one such type of interaction. Their main characteristics are (1) an enhanced core magnetic field magnitude and (2) a bipolar magnetic field signature in the component normal to the magnetopause, reminiscent of a large‐scale helicoidal flux tube magnetic configuration. However, other geometrical configurations which do not fit this classical picture have also been observed. Using high‐resolution measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we investigate an event in the vicinity of the Earth's magnetopause on 7 November 2015. Despite signatures that, at first glance, appear consistent with a classic FTE, based on detailed geometrical and dynamical analyses as well as on topological signatures revealed by suprathermal electron properties, we demonstrate that this event is not consistent with a single, homogenous helicoidal structure. Our analysis rather suggests that it consists of the interaction of two separate sets of magnetic field lines with different connectivities. This complex three‐dimensional interaction constructively conspires to produce signatures partially consistent with that of an FTE. We also show that, at the interface between the two sets of field lines, where the observed magnetic pileup occurs, a thin and strong current sheet forms with a large ion jet, which may be consistent with magnetic flux dissipation through magnetic reconnection in the interaction region.
The Effect of Subauroral Polarization Streams on Ionosphere and Thermosphere During the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm: Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model Simulations
Authors: Guo Jia‐Peng , Deng Yue , Zhang Dong‐He , Lu Yang , Sheng Cheng , Zhang Shun‐Rong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUsing the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar observations during 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm, subauroral polarization streams (SAPSs) have been specified in the nonhydrostatic Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model simulations. The results reveal that the effect of SAPS on the coupled thermosphere‐ionosphere system includes the following: (1) Sudden frictional heating of SAPS results in acoustic‐gravity waves in the thermosphere. The vertical oscillation is localized, while the meridional disturbance propagates poleward and equatorward. (2) The SAPS‐associated horizontal wind field includes an enhanced westward wind within SAPS channel and a twin of vortex‐like winds north (clockwise) and south (anticlockwise) of subauroral latitudes. (3) Due to the neutral‐ion drag, ions in the vicinity of SAPS channel oscillate vertically with neutrals, resulting in a perturbation of ~0.3 TECu in ionospheric total electron content. The SAPS‐induced traveling atmospheric disturbances can elevate the plasma and increase the total electron content in midlatitude ionosphere. (4) It is confirmed that the Coriolis force can contribute to the poleward turning of the neutral wind during the post‐SAPS interval. In addition, the traveling atmospheric disturbance induced by the variation of auroral input and high‐latitude convection is possibly the primary cause of the poleward neutral wind surge during the magnetic storm on 17–18 March 2015. The combination of the two factors can make the northward meridional wind surge reach a magnitude of 100 m/s. This study improves our understanding of the SAPS's effect on neutral dynamics and ion‐neutral coupling processes during geomagnetically disturbed intervals.
Statistical Study of Nightside Quiet Time Midlatitude Ionospheric Convection
Authors: Maimaiti M. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Baker J. B. H. , Ribeiro A. J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that F region midlatitude ionospheric plasma exhibits drifts of a few tens of meters per second during quiet geomagnetic conditions, predominantly in the westward direction. However, detailed morphology of this plasma motion and its drivers are still not well understood. In this study, we have used 2 years of data obtained from six midlatitude SuperDARN radars in the North American sector to derive a statistical model of quiet time midlatitude plasma convection between 52° and 58° magnetic latitude (MLAT). The model is organized in MLAT‐MLT (magnetic local time) coordinates and has a spatial resolution of 1° × 7 min with thousands of velocity measurements contributing to most grid cells. Our results show that the flow is predominantly westward (20–55 m/s) and weakly northward (0–20 m/s) deep on the nightside but with a strong seasonal dependence such that the flows tend to be strongest and most structured in winter. These statistical results are in good agreement with previously reported observations from Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar measurements for a single latitude but also show some interesting new features, one being a significant latitudinal variation of zonal flow velocity near midnight in winter. Our analysis suggests that penetration of the high‐latitude convection electric fields can account for the direction of midlatitude convection in the premidnight sector, but postmidnight midlatitude convection is dominated by the neutral wind dynamo.
Numerical Study of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Generated by an Upward Propagating Gravity Wave
Authors: Miyoshi Yasunobu , Jin Hidekatsu , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Shinagawa Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUsing a global atmosphere‐ionosphere coupled model, the characteristics and excitation source of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) during geomagnetically quiet periods are studied. This is the first paper concerning the simulation of TIDs generated by upward propagating gravity waves (GWs) that are spontaneously generated in the model. The dominant horizontal wavelengths of the simulated TIDs range from 700 to 1,500 km. The dominant periods and horizontal phase velocities of TIDs are 45–90 min and 250–300 m s−1, respectively. These features are the same as those of GWs in the 250–300 km height region. The phase of the electron density variations due to TIDs descends with increasing time, which is characteristic of the upward propagation of GWs. These electron density variations that are caused due to TIDs are explained by the transport processes of a neutral wind along a geomagnetic field line. These results indicate that the electron density variations respond locally to the passage of neutral wind fluctuations associated with upward propagating GWs. The GWs that excite TIDs are secondary GWs, which are generated in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere via the dissipation/breaking of tropospheric GWs. The magnitudes of TIDs at middle latitudes are larger in winter than in summer. The mechanisms of seasonal and day‐to‐day variations in TIDs that are caused due to GWs are discussed in this study.
Growth of Fault‐Cored Anticlines by Flexural Slip Folding: Analysis by Boundary Element Modeling
Authors: Johnson Kaj M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFault‐related folds develop due to a combination of slip on the associated fault and distributed deformation off the fault. Under conditions that are sufficient for sedimentary layering to act as a stack of mechanical layers with contact slip, buckling can dramatically amplify the folding process. We develop boundary element models of fault‐related folding of viscoelastic layers embedded with a reverse fault to examine the influence of such layering on fold growth. The strength of bedding contacts, the thickness and stiffness of layering, and fault geometry all contribute significantly to the resulting fold form. Frictional contact strength between layers controls the degree of localization of slip within fold limbs; high contact friction in relatively thin bedding tends to localize bedding slip within narrow kink bands on fold limbs, and low contact friction tends to produce widespread bedding slip and concentric fold form. Straight ramp faults tend to produce symmetric folds, whereas listric faults tend to produce asymmetric folds with short forelimbs and longer backlimbs. Fault‐related buckle folds grow exponentially with time under steady loading rates. At early stages of folding, fold growth is largely attributed to slip on the fault, but as the fold increases amplitude, a larger portion of the fold growth is attributed to distributed slip across bedding contacts on the limbs of the fold. An important implication for geologic and earthquake studies is that not all surface deformation associated with blind reverse faults may be attributed to slip on the fault during earthquakes.