bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiaquatic mammals might be intermediate hosts to spread avian influenza viruses from avian to human
Authors: Zhao Ping , Sun Lingsha , Xiong Jiasheng , Wang Chuan , Chen Liang , Yang Pengfei , Yu Hao , Yan Qingli , Cheng Yan , Jiang Lufang , Chen Yue , Zhao Genming , Jiang Qingwu , Xiong Chenglong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAvian influenza A viruses (AIVs) can occasionally transmit to mammals and lead to the development of human pandemic. A species of mammal is considered as a mixing vessel in the process of host adaptation. So far, pigs are considered as a plausible intermediate host for the generation of human pandemic strains, and are labelled ‘mixing vessels’. In this study, through the analysis of two professional databases, the Influenza Virus Resource of NCBI and the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID), we found that the species of mink (Neovison vison) can be infected by more subtypes of influenza A viruses with considerably higher α-diversity related indices. It suggested that the semiaquatic mammals (riverside mammals), rather than pigs, might be the intermediate host to spread AIVs and serve as a potential mixing vessel for the interspecies transmission among birds, mammals and human. In epidemic areas, minks, possibly some other semiaquatic mammals as well, could be an important sentinel species for influenza surveillance and early warning.
The Clinical and Epidemiological Study of Children with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Hunan, China from 2013 to 2017
Authors: Qiu Jun , Yan Haipeng , Cheng Nianci , Lu Xiulan , Hu Xia , Liang Lijuan , Xiao Zhenghui , Tan Lihong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is endemic in the Pacific region, especially in mainland China. The case-fatality ratio of HFMD is increasing steadily. Knowledge of the changing epidemiology of HFMD in different regions is necessary for implementing appropriate intervention strategies. In this study, we describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Hunan Children’s Hospital between 2013 and 2017. A total of 7203 patients with HFMD were admitted, with complication and mortality rates of 35.62% and 0.78%, respectively. The total number of children with HFMD, proportion of severely ill children, and HFMD mortality rate were the highest in 2014. The number of cases caused by EV-A71 and CV-A16 decreased continuously, while the number of cases caused by ‘other enteroviruses’ increased yearly since 2014, suggesting that other enteric viruses will gradually replace EV-A71 and CV-A16 as the main pathogenic HFMD agents. Furthermore, EV-A71 and mixed infections accounted for the high case fatality rates in children with severe HFMD, among whom EV-A71 infection resulted in the highest complication and mortality rates; the mild form of the disease was dominated by ‘other enteroviruses’. In conclusion, the changing etiological pattern highlights the need to improve pathogen surveillance and vaccine strategies for HFMD control.
Epoxy pre-polymers as new and effective materials for corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in acidic medium: Computational and experimental studies
Authors: Dagdag Omar , Safi Zaki , Hsissou Rachid , Erramli Hamid , El Bouchti Mehdi , Wazzan Nuha , Guo Lei , Verma Chandrabhan , Ebenso E. E. , El Harfi Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPresent study is designed for the synthesis, characterization and corrosion inhibition behavior of two diamine aromatic epoxy pre-polymers (DAEPs) namely, N1,N1,N2,N2-tetrakis (oxiran-2-ylmethyl) benzene-1,2-diamine (DAEP1) and 4-methyl-N1,N1,N2,N2-tetrakis (oxiran-2-ylmethyl) benzene-1,2-diamine (DAEP2) for carbon steel corrosion in acidic medium. Synthesized DAEPs were characterized using spectral (Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR)) techniques. Viscosity studies carried out at four different temperatures (20–80 °C) increase in temperature causes significant reduction in their viscosities. The anticorrosive properties of DAEPs differing in the nature of substituents, for carbon steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution was evaluated using several experimental and computational techniques. Both experimental and computational studies showed that inhibitor (DAEP2) that contains electron releasing methyl (-CH3) showed higher protectiveness as compared to the inhibitor (DAEP1) without substituent (-H). Electrochemical results demonstrate that DAEPs act as reasonably good inhibitors for carbon steel in 1 M HCl medium and their effectiveness followed the sequence: DAEP2 (92.9%) > DAEP1 (91.7%). The PDP results show that the diamine aromatic epoxy pre-polymers molecules (DAEPs) act as mixed type inhibitors. Electrochemical study was also supported using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method were significant improvement in the surface morphology of inhibited (by DAEPs) metallic specimens was obtained. Results derived from computational density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulationsand studies were consistent with the experimental results derived from SEM, EIS and PDP electrochemical studies. Adsorption of the DAEPs obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.
Using the local ensemble Transform Kalman Filter for upper atmospheric modelling
Authors: Elvidge Sean , Angling Matthew J. 
Published: August 2019

The Advanced Ensemble electron density (Ne) Assimilation System (AENeAS) is a new data assimilation model of the ionosphere/thermosphere. The background model is provided by the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) and the assimilation uses the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF). An outline derivation of the LETKF is provided and the equations are presented in a form analogous to the classic Kalman filter. An enhancement to the efficient LETKF implementation to reduce computational cost is also described. In a 3 day test in June 2017, AENeAS exhibits a total electron content (TEC) RMS error of 2.1 TECU compared with 5.5 TECU for NeQuick and 6.8 for TIE-GCM (with an NeQuick topside).
Rotating Hinge Implants in Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Petershofer Alexander , Trieb Klemens 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDue to demographic transition an increasing number of primary knee arthroplasty is expected. A consequence is a rise in frequency in revision knee arthroplasty. Rotating hinge prostheses are a development of former hinge prostheses, due to changes in implant design the outcome of modern rotating hinge implants clearly improved in comparison to former models. Interpretation of outcome in present literature is difficult due to the small number of cases and the heterogeneous indications. Nevertheless the use of rotating hinge knee prostheses in primary and revision arthroplasty is associated with good clinical outcomes, when indicated appropriately.
The Academization of Midwifery in the Context of the Amendment of the German Midwifery Law: Current Developments and Challenges
Authors: Plappert Claudia , Graf Joachim , Simoes Elisabeth , Schönhardt Stefani , Abele Harald 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGermany faces the challenge of enforcing the academization of midwifery training in the upcoming months in order to comply with Directive 2013/55/EU. This paper outlines the related developments and challenges. At the moment, midwifery training in Germany is still predominantly carried out in technical colleges. In 2019, less than 20% of midwifery training places were college-based. The current standard training is a dual training system which combines vocational training with academic-based courses, but this approach will no longer be feasible once the EU directive has been fully implemented. Although the existing draft legislation completely transfers midwifery training to institutions of higher education, various aspects of this concept have remained vague and do not take account of the laws on higher education in the individual federal states. Moreover, if midwifery training is to be provided by both universities and colleges, this will lead to quite different levels of academization within a relatively small professional group. The concept that universities offer primary qualifications comes closest to the required quality standards for professional, science-based, practical and evidence-based midwifery training.
Development and Evaluation of Record Linkage Rules in a Safety-Net Health System Serving Disadvantaged Communities
Authors: Trick William E. , Doshi Kruti , Ray Michael J. , Angulo Francisco 
Published: August 2019

Background There is a need for flexible, accurate record-linkage systems with transparent rules that work across diverse populations.
Objectives We developed rules responsive to challenges in linking records for an urban safety-net health system; we calculated performance characteristics for our algorithm.
Methods We evaluated encounters during January 1, 2012 through September 30, 2018. We compared our algorithm, using name (first-last), date-of-birth (DOB), and last four of social security number to our electronic health record (EHR) system's reconciliation process. We applied our algorithm to unreconciled real-time Admission-Discharge-Transfer registration data, and compared match results to reconciled identities from our enterprise data warehouse. We manually validated matches for randomly sampled discordant pairs; we calculated sensitivity/specificity. We evaluated predictors of discordance, including census tract information.
Results Of 771,477 unique medical record numbers, most (95%) were concordant between systems; a substantial minority (5%) was discordant. Of 38,993 discordant pairs, most (n = 36,539; 94%) were detected by our local algorithm. The sensitivity of our algorithm was higher than the EHR process (99% vs. 81%), but with lower specificity (98.6% vs. 99.9%). Our highest-yield rules, beyond full first and last name plus complete DOB match, were first three initials of first name, transposed first-last names, and DOB offsets (+1 and +365 days). Factors associated with discordance were homelessness (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2–2.6) and living in a census tract with high levels of poverty (aOR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3–1.4).
Conclusion Our algorithm had superior sensitivity compared to our EHR process. Homelessness and poverty were associated with unmatched records. Improved sensitivity was attributable to several critical input-variable processing steps useful for similar difficult-to-link populations.
Physical properties of calcium fluoride nanopowder after irradiation by relativistic electrons
Authors: Sokovnin S Yu , Il’ves V G , Uimin M A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Mesoporous CaF2 nanopowders with specific surface area up to 91.5 m2/g have been obtained through evaporation by electron beam in vacuum. The effect of relativistic e-beam irradiation in air on magnetic and texture properties of CaF2 nanoparticles has been studied. The influence of annealing and irradiation on the specific surface area and magnetization of CaF2 nanopowder has been discovered for the first time.
Coating of optical fiber by thin films for creating sensors based on interaction with cladding modes
Authors: Yusupova L I , Ivanov O V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Transmission spectra of a fiber-optic structure based on a section of SM450 fiber with a small core are investigated when a thin-film coating is deposited to the fiber cladding. Asetup for deposition of films on fiber by dip coating process is created. A wavelength shift in the spectra was found in fibers coated by thin polyvinyl alcohol films. The dependence of wavelength shift on drawing speed determining the film thickness is measured.
New horizons in deprescribing for older people
Authors: Woodford Henry J , Fisher James 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDeprescribing has gained interest recently, driven by an ageing population seeing an increasing number living with multiple long-term conditions. This, coupled with disease-specific guidelines derived from clinical trials in younger people, has led to an increase in exposure to polypharmacy and the associated therapeutic burden. Older people, especially those living with frailty, tend to experience lower efficacy of these medications along with a higher risk of drug adverse effects. Explanations for these differences include the physiological effects of frailty, drug–drug interactions, drug–disease interactions and reduced medication adherence. Adverse drug reactions often go unnoticed and can trigger further prescribing. Certain medications have been recognised as potentially inappropriate for people with frailty, yet their use remains common. Evidence suggests that many older people are open to the concept of reducing medications. Deprescribing should be based around a shared decision-making approach. Trials to date have suggested that it can often be achieved without harm. To date, there are few data to support improvements in hospitalisation or mortality rates. However, there is some evidence that it may reduce polypharmacy, improve medication adherence, reduce financial costs and improve quality of life. In the future, it will be necessary to grow the evidence base and improve public and clinician awareness of the potential benefits of deprescribing. It will require excellent team working and communication between all of those involved in the prescribing and administration of medications, also supported by improved healthcare informatics. Non-pharmacological approaches will need to be promoted. Fewer drugs is not less care.
Using the CODIT model to explain secondary metabolites of xylem in defence systems of temperate trees against decay fungi
Authors: Morris Hugh , Hietala Ari M , Jansen Steven , Ribera Javier , Rosner Sabine , Salmeia Khalifah A , Schwarze Francis W M R 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn trees, secondary metabolites (SMs) are essential for determining the effectiveness of defence systems against fungi and why defences are sometimes breached. Using the CODIT model (Compartmentalization of Damage/Dysfunction in Trees), we explain defence processes at the cellular level. CODIT is a highly compartmented defence system that relies on the signalling, synthesis and transport of defence compounds through a three-dimensional lattice of parenchyma against the spread of decay fungi in xylem.ScopeThe model conceptualizes ‘walls’ that are pre-formed, formed during and formed after wounding events. For sapwood, SMs range in molecular size, which directly affects performance and the response times in which they can be produced. When triggered, high-molecular weight SMs such as suberin and lignin are synthesized slowly (phytoalexins), but can also be in place at the time of wounding (phytoanticipins). In contrast, low-molecular weight phenolic compounds such as flavonoids can be manufactured de novo (phytoalexins) rapidly in response to fungal colonization. De novo production of SMs can be regulated in response to fungal pathogenicity levels. The protective nature of heartwood is partly based on the level of accumulated antimicrobial SMs (phytoanticipins) during the transitionary stage into a normally dead substance. Effectiveness against fungal colonization in heartwood is largely determined by the genetics of the host.ConclusionHere we review recent advances in our understanding of the role of SMs in trees in the context of CODIT, with emphasis on the relationship between defence, carbohydrate availability and the hydraulic system.We also raise the limitations of the CODIT model and suggest its modification, encompassing other defence theory concepts. We envisage the development of a new defence system that is modular based and incorporates all components (and organs) of the tree from micro- to macro-scales.
ROBOKOP: an abstraction layer and user interface for knowledge graphs to support question answering
Authors: Morton Kenneth , Wang Patrick , Bizon Chris , Cox Steven , Balhoff James , Kebede Yaphet , Fecho Karamarie , Tropsha Alexander 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Summary
Knowledge graphs (KGs) are quickly becoming a common-place tool for storing relationships between entities from which higher-level reasoning can be conducted. KGs are typically stored in a graph-database format, and graph-database queries can be used to answer questions of interest that have been posed by users such as biomedical researchers. For simple queries, the inclusion of direct connections in the KG and the storage and analysis of query results are straightforward; however, for complex queries, these capabilities become exponentially more challenging with each increase in complexity of the query. For instance, one relatively complex query can yield a KG with hundreds of thousands of query results. Thus, the ability to efficiently query, store, rank and explore sub-graphs of a complex KG represents a major challenge to any effort designed to exploit the use of KGs for applications in biomedical research and other domains. We present Reasoning Over Biomedical Objects linked in Knowledge Oriented Pathways as an abstraction layer and user interface to more easily query KGs and store, rank and explore query results.

Availability and implementation
An instance of the ROBOKOP UI for exploration of the ROBOKOP Knowledge Graph can be found at http://robokop.renci.org. The ROBOKOP Knowledge Graph can be accessed at http://robokopkg.renci.org. Code and instructions for building and deploying ROBOKOP are available under the MIT open software license from https://github.com/NCATS-Gamma/robokop.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Reforming Judicial Supervision of Chinese Arbitration
Authors: Chen Meng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Balancing arbitration autonomy and sovereignty supervision is the essential rhythm of international arbitration development. Influenced by the international trend of relaxing national judicial supervision, the Chinese judicial system, led by the Chinese Supreme People’s Court (SPC), has promoted a series of judicial reforms to coordinate domestic arbitration and international practice. This article elaborates the SPC’s recent reforms of the Chinese mechanisms of arbitration judicial supervision. The article first explores the international trend of the restraint of the national judicial supervision of arbitration. Then, the article introduces how such a trend impacts China’s recent reforms of its arbitration judicial supervision. By focusing on the rules established by the SPC regarding the judicial review of both international and domestic arbitral awards, this article exposes the essential factors and corresponding solutions that hinder the efficiency of the judicial supervision of Chinese arbitration.
BSCI-01. ACTIVATION OF c-Met/β1-INTEGRIN COMPLEX RESULTS IN INCREASE OF MESENCHYMAL GENE EXPRESSION AND STEM CELL POPULATION IN METASTATIC BREAST CANCER TO THE BRAIN AND SPINE
Authors: Lau Darryl , Wadhwa Harsh , Nguyen Alan , Chandra Ankush , Aghi Manish 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: C-met and β-integrins play a central role in nearly all stages of cancer metastasis. They bind at the cell surface, driving ligand independent co-activation of downstream pathways. Greater complex is seen in metastatic tumors vs. its primary tumor counterparts in patients. The molecular, cellular, and clinical effects of complex formation in metastatic breast cancer are investigated. METHODS: Utilizing variations of the MDA-231 breast cancer cell lines (standard MDA-231, inducible complex formation MDA-231, brain seeking MDA 231, lung seeking MDA 231, and bone seeking MDA-231), in vitro and in vivo studies were performed. Clinical correlates from patient samples were studied. RESULTS: Induction of c-Met/β1 complex promotes breast cancer invasion (p&lt; 0.001), migration (p&lt; 0.05), circulation intravasation (p&lt; 0.01), and adhesion (p&lt; 0.01). These effects may be driven by the increased mesenchymal character (p&lt; 0.05) and larger stem cell population (p&lt; 0.001) caused by inducing c-Met/β1 complex formation. OS2966 (a therapeutic β1 integrin blocking antibody) decreases invasion (p&lt; 0.05), intravasation (p&lt; 0.05), and mesenchymal form factor (p&lt; 0.001) and gene expression (p&lt; 0.001) in MDA-MB-231 cells. Brain- and bone-seeking breast cancer cells have higher c-Met/β1 complex than parental controls and preferentially adhere to tissue-specific matrix (p&lt; 0.01). In intracardiac metastasis models, complex formation resulted in significantly higher metastatic burden and shorter survival times (p&lt; 0.001). qPCR data suggests that complex formation may drive exiting and colonization of cancer cells (micrometastasis) rather than tumor growth. Patient brain and bone metastases demonstrated high β1/c-Met levels. CONCLUSIONS: The c-Met/β1 complex drives intravasation and extravasation of breast cancer cells from the circulation. Preferential affinity for tissue-specific matrix enables the c-Met/β1 complex to drive formation of breast cancer metastases to the brain and bone. Pharmacological and genetic targeting of the complex with agents may provide therapeutic approaches to prevent metastases, particularly to the brain and bone.
BSCI-03. T CELL EXHAUSTION SIGNATURES VARY BY TUMOR TYPE AND ARE INDEPENDENT OF INTRACRANIAL LOCATION
Authors: Woroniecka Karolina , Chongsathidkiet Pakawat , Cui Xiuyu , Dechant Cosette , Wilkinson Daniel , Fecci Peter 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
T-cell exhaustion is a hindrance to the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. This study is among the first to examine, and credential as bona fide, exhaustion among T cells infiltrating murine models of brain metastasis, including breast, lung, and melanoma cancers. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the utility of a 4-1BB agonist antibody in certain tumors resistant to PD-1 blockade alone. METHODS: Tumor-infiltrating and peripheral blood lymphocytes (TILs and PBLs) were isolated from intracranial and subcutaneous immunocompetent murine models of glioma, breast, lung, and melanoma cancers. Levels of exhaustion-associated inhibitory receptors and post-stimulation levels of the cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, and IL2 were assessed by flow cytometry. Anti-PD-1 and anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies were utilized as a therapeutic exhaustion-countering strategy and median survival was assessed. RESULTS: Our data reveal that tumors, regardless of their intracranial or subcutaneous location, elicit unique T-cell exhaustion signatures among infiltrating T cells characterized by: (1) prominent upregulation of multiple immune checkpoints; (2) stereotyped T-cell transcriptional programs matching classical virus-induced exhaustion; and (3) notable T-cell hyporesponsiveness in tumor-specific T cells. Exhaustion signatures differ predictably with tumor identity, but remain stable across manipulated tumor locations. Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody alone did not improve median survival in any tumor type tested. In tumors with high levels of 4-1BB expression, anti-4-1BB and anti-PD-1 therapy resulted in improvement in median survival. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct cancers possess similarly distinct mechanisms for exhausting T cells. Each tumor type demonstrated a unique T cell exhaustion signature regardless of location. 4-1BB may serve as a therapeutic adjunct to anti-PD-1 monoclonal therapy in tumors which may be resistant to PD-1 blockade alone.