bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
wnt4apromotes female development and reproductive duct elongation in zebrafish
Authors: Kossack Michelle E. , High Samantha K. , Hopton Rachel E. , Yan Yi-lin , Postlethwait John H. , Draper Bruce W. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIn laboratory strains of zebrafish, sex determination occurs in the absence of a typical sex chromosome and it is not known what regulates the proportion of animals that develop as male or female. Many sex determination and differentiation genes that act downstream of a sex chromosome are well conserved among vertebrates, but studies that test their contribution to this process have mostly been limited to mammalian models. In mammals, WNT4 is a signaling ligand that is essential for ovary and Müllerian duct development, where it function, in part, to antagonize the male-promoting FGF9 signal. Wnt4 is highly conserved in non-mammalian vertebrates, but it is not known if Wnt4 plays a role in sex determination and/or the differentiation of sex organs outside of mammals. This is an especially interesting question in teleost, such as zebrafish, because they lack an Fgf9 ortholog. Here we show thatwnt4ais the ortholog of mammalianWnt4,and thatwnt4bwas present in the last common ancestor of humans and zebrafish, but was lost in mammals. We found thatwnt4ais expressed in the somatic cells of juvenile gonads during the time sex determination likely occurs. We show thatwnt4aloss-of-function mutants develop predominantly as males and conclude thatwnt4aactivity promotes female sex determination in zebrafish. Additionally, both male and femalewnt4amutants are sterile because their reproductive ducts do not connect to the vent, wherewnt4ais normally expressed. Yet when dissected from homozygouswnt4amutant gonads, both sperm and eggs can produce fertile offspring. Together these results strongly argue that Wnt4a is a conserved regulator of female sex determination and reproductive duct development in non-mammalian vertebrates.SUMMARYWnt4 is a key regulator of ovary development in mammals, but it is not known if it plays a similar role in other vertebrates. Here we show that zebrafishwnt4ais the ortholog of mammalianWnt4. We show thatwnt4ais expressed in zebrafish somatic gonad cells during the time sex determination likely occurs. Through analysis ofwnt4amutants, we show that Wnt4a promotes female sex determination and the development of the male and female reproductive. We conclude that Wnt4/Wnt4a is likely a conserved regulator of ovarian and reproductive duct development in all vertebrates
Intuitive planning: global navigation through cognitive maps based on grid-like codes
Authors: Baram Alon B. , Muller Timothy H. , Whittington James C.R. , Behrens Timothy E.J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt is proposed that a cognitive map encoding the relationships between objects supports the ability to flexibly navigate the world. Place cells and grid cells provide evidence for such a map in a spatial context. Emerging evidence suggests analogous cells code for non-spatial information. Further, it has been shown that grid cells resemble the eigenvectors of the relationship between place cells and can be learnt from local inputs. Here we show that these locally-learnt eigenvectors contain not only local information but also global knowledge that can provide both distributions over future states as well as a global distance measure encoding approximate distances between every object in the world. By simply changing the weights in the grid cell population, it is possible to switch between computing these different measures. We demonstrate a simple algorithm can use these measures to globally navigate arbitrary topologies without searching more than one step ahead. We refer to this as intuitive planning.
Opposing roles of dopamine receptor D1- and D2-expressing neurons in the anteromedial olfactory tubercle in acquisition of place preference in mice
Authors: Murata Koshi , Kinoshita Tomoki , Fukazawa Yugo , Kobayashi Kenta , Yamanaka Akihiro , Hikida Takatoshi , Manabe Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Masahiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOlfaction induces adaptive motivated behaviors. Odors associated with food induce attractive behavior, whereas those associated with dangers induce aversive behavior. We previously reported that learned odor-induced attractive and aversive behaviors accompany activation of the olfactory tubercle (OT) in a domainand cell type-specific manner. Odor cues associated with a sugar reward induced attractive behavior and c-fos expression in the dopamine receptor D1-expressing neurons (D1 neurons) in the anteromedial OT. In contrast, odor cues associated with electrical shock induced aversive behavior and c-fos expression in the D2 neurons in the anteromedial OT, as well as the D1 neurons in the lateral OT. Here, we investigated whether the D1 and D2 neurons in the anteromedial OT play distinct roles in attractive or aversive behaviors, using optogenetic stimulation and real-time place preference (RTPP) tests. Mice expressing ChETA (ChR2/E123T)-EYFP in the D1 neurons in the anteromedial OT spent a longer time in the photo-stimulation side of the place preference chamber than the control mice expressing EYFP. On the other hand, upon optogenetic stimulation of the D2 neurons in the anteromedial OT, the mice spent a shorter time in the photo-stimulation side than the control mice. Local neural activation in the anteromedial OT during the RTPP tests was confirmed by c-fos mRNA expression. These results suggest that the D1 and D2 neurons in the anteromedial OT play distinct roles in attractive and aversive behaviors, respectively.
RAB18 impacts autophagy via lipid droplet-derived lipid transfer and is rescued by ATG9A
Authors: Bekbulat Fazilet , Schmitt Daniel , Feldmann Anne , Huesmann Heike , Eimer Stefan , Juretschke Thomas , Beli Petra , Behl Christian , Kern Andreas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAutophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that mediates protein and organelle turnover and maintains cellular homeostasis. Autophagosomes transport cargo to lysosomes and their formation is dependent on an appropriate lipid supply. Here, we show that the knockout of the RAB GTPase RAB18 interferes with lipid droplet (LD) metabolism, resulting in an impaired fatty acid mobilization. The reduced LD-derived lipid availability influences autophagy and provokes adaptive modifications of the autophagy network, which include increased ATG2B expression and ATG12-ATG5 conjugate formation as well as enhanced ATG2B and ATG9A phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of ATG9A directs this transmembrane protein to the site of autophagosome formation and this particular modification is sufficient to rescue autophagic activity under basal conditions in the absence of RAB18. However, it is incapable of enabling an increased autophagy under inductive conditions. Thus, we illustrate the role of RAB18 in connecting LDs and autophagy, further emphasize the importance of LD-derived lipids for the degradative pathway, and characterize an ATG9A phosphorylation-dependent autophagy rescue mechanism as an adaptive response that maintains autophagy under conditions of reduced LD-derived lipid availability.
Neural correlates of reward anticipation in 2000 children aged 9-10 years: relation to psychotic-like experiences and depressive symptoms
Authors: Ronan Lisa , Murray Graham K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia spectrum disorders and depression have been associated with reductions in brain activation during reward anticipation. It is not known whether brain signals associated with reward anticipation relate to psychopathology dimensions of depression or schizophrenia in childhood prior to adolescence.MethodWe examined whether fMRI brain correlates of reward anticipation related to psychotic-like experiences and symptoms of depression, in 2129 children from the ABCD study aged 9-10 years.Psychotic-like experiences and depression were assessed using the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief Child version and the K-SADS. We fused regional MRI summary statistics for reward anticipation activation in the ABCD study data release 1.0 (contrast of expected large reward versus neutral expectation). Relations between brain activation and psychopathology were assessed using linear regressions in R for 82 brain regions, corrected for multiple comparisons for the number of regions using false discovery rate.ResultsFrom several regressions, there was an isolated unilateral association between right parsorbitalis activation and psychotic-like experiences, but no other significant associations between brain activation and psychopathology.ConclusionsIn 9-10 year old children, reward anticipation is not strongly related to psychotic-like experiences or depression. As previous evidence links depression and schizophrenia to reduced reward anticipation in adults and older adolescents, it appears likely that such associations develop over the adolescent period: this can be tested in follow-up studies of the ABCD cohort.
Network analysis of whole-brain fMRI dynamics: A new framework based on dynamic communicability
Authors: Gilson Matthieu , Kouvaris Nikos E. , Deco Gustavo , Mangin Jean-François , Poupon Cyril , Lefranc Sandrine , Rivière Denis , Zamora-López Gorka 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNeuroimaging techniques such as MRI have been widely used to explore the associations between brain areas. Structural connectivity (SC) captures the anatomical pathways across the brain and functional connectivity (FC) measures the correlation between the activity of brain regions. These connectivity measures have been much studied using network theory in order to uncover the distributed organization of brain structures, in particular FC for task-specific brain communication. However, the application of network theory to study FC matrices is often “static” despite the dynamic nature of time series obtained from fMRI. The present study aims to overcome this limitation by introducing a network-oriented analysis applied to whole-brain effective connectivity (EC) useful to interpret the brain dynamics. Technically, we tune a multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (MOU) process to reproduce the statistics of the whole-brain resting-state fMRI signals, which provides estimates for MOU-EC as well as input properties (similar to local excitabilities). The network analysis is then based on the Green function (or network impulse response) that describes the interactions between nodes across time for the estimated dynamics. This model-based approach provides time-dependent graph-like descriptor, named communicability, that characterize the roles that either nodes or connections play in the propagation of activity within the network. They can be used at both global and local levels, and also enables the comparison of estimates from real data with surrogates (e.g. random network or ring lattice). In contrast to classical graph approaches to study SC or FC, our framework stresses the importance of taking the temporal aspect of fMRI signals into account. Our results show a merging of functional communities over time (in which input properties play a role), moving from segregated to global integration of the network activity. Our formalism sets a solid ground for the analysis and interpretation of fMRI data, including task-evoked activity.
Does alpha-tocopherol flip-flop help to protect membranes against oxidation?
Authors: Boonnoy Phansiri , Karttunen Mikko , Wong-ekkabut Jirasak 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlpha-tocopherols (α-toc) are crucial in protecting biological membranes against oxidation by free radicals. We investigate the behavior of α-toc molecules in lipid bilayers containing oxidized lipids by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. To verify the approach, the location and orientation of α-toc are first shown to be in agreement with previous experimental results. The simulations further show that α-toc molecules stay inside the lipid bilayer with their hydroxyl groups in contact with the bilayer surface. Interestingly, interbilayer α-toc flip-flop was observed in both oxidized and non-oxidized bilayers with significantly higher frequency in aldehyde lipid bilayer. Free energy calculations were performed and estimates of the flip-flop rates across the bilayers were determined. As the main finding, our results show that the presence of oxidized lipids leads to a significant decrease of free energy barriers and that the flip-flop rates depend on the type of oxidized lipid present. Our results suggest that α-toc molecules could potentially act as high efficacy scavengers of free radicals to protect membranes from oxidative attack and help stabilize them under oxidative stress.
Peripheral mitochondrial function correlates with clinical severity in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Milanese Chiara , Payan-Gomez Cesar , Galvani Marta , González Nicolás Molano , Tresini Maria , Abdellah Soraya Nait , Roon-Mom Willeke M.C. van , Figini Silvia , Marinus Johan , van Hilten Jacobus J. , Mastroberardino Pier G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundParkinson disease is an intractable disorder with heterogeneous clinical presentation that may reflect different underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Surrogate indicators of pathogenic processes correlating with clinical measures may assist in better patients stratification. Mitochondrial function - which is impaired in and central to PD pathogenesis - may represent one of such surrogate indicators.MethodsMitochondrial function was assessed by respirometry experiment in fibroblasts derived from idiopathic patients (n=47) in normal conditions and in experimental settings that do not permit glycolysis and therefore force energy production through mitochondrial function. Respiratory parameters and clinical measures were correlated with bivariate analysis. Machine learning based classification and regression trees were used to classify patients on the basis of biochemical and clinical measures. Effects of mitochondrial respiration on alpha-synuclein stress was assessed monitoring the protein phosphorylation in permitting versus restrictive glycolysis conditions.ResultsBioenergetics properties in peripheral fibroblasts correlate with clinical measures in idiopathic patients and correlation is stronger with predominantly non-dopaminergic signs. Bioenergetics analysis under metabolic stress, in which energy is produced solely by mitochondria, shows that patients’ fibroblasts can augment respiration, therefore indicating that mitochondrial defects are reversible. Forcing energy production through mitochondria, however, favors alpha-synuclein stress in different cellular experimental systems. Machine learning-based classification identified different groups of patients in which increasing disease severity parallels higher mitochondrial respiration.ConclusionSuppression of mitochondrial activity in Parkinson disease may be an adaptive strategy to cope with concomitant pathogenic factors. Moreover, mitochondrial measures are potential biomarkers to follow disease progression.
Network of small no-take marine reserves reveal greater abundance and body size of fisheries target species
Authors: Rolim Fernanda A. , Langlois Tim , Rodrigues Pedro F. C. , Bond Todd , Motta Fábio S. , Neves Leonardo M. , Gadig Otto B. F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNo-take marine reserves (NTRs), i.e. areas with total fishing restrictions, have been established worldwide aiming to provide biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. Brazil has established NTRs, but currently lacks scientific knowledge and understanding of their ecological role, particularly regarding rocky reefs in subtropical regions. Consequently, this study aimed to contrast NTR, from the 30 year old Tupinambás Ecological Station, and comparable fished sites across a coastal biogeographic gradient to investigate the effect of fishing and habitat variability on the abundance and body-size of rocky reef fish. We used Baited Remote Underwater stereo-Video (stereo-BRUVs) and Diver Operated stereo-Video (stereo-DOVs) systems to simultaneously sample reef fish and habitat. Model selection and results identified habitat and biogeographic variables, such as distance from shore, as important predictor variables, explaining several aspects of the fish assemblage. The effect of protection was important in determining the abundance and body-size of targeted species, in particular for epinephelids and carangids. Conversely, species richness was correlated with habitat complexity and not with protection status. This is the first study to publish data using these novel survey methods in the Southeastern Atlantic and demonstrate their utility, in combination with an established network of NTR’s, to provide benchmarks for conservation and fisheries management.
The leading small group: an institutional innovation for PPP projects in China
Authors: Zhang Yajian , Tan Willie 
Published: September 2018

PurposeIt is widely recognized that large-scale public–private partnership (PPP) projects require an effective coordination mechanism among various stakeholders throughout the project life cycle. The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into how this may be achieved through the leading small group (LSG), which is a distinctive informal Chinese institution for coordination among various public agencies.Design/methodology/approachAn in-depth case study using secondary data and five in-depth interviews with two staff members from the developer and three government officials involved is used to probe into how the LSG functions during the various development phases of the Yangzhou Teda Waste-to-Energy project.FindingsThe main finding is that, conditional on its capacity, the LSG coordinated various public agencies to promote fast project implementation and ensure its smooth operation by making high-level decisions, facilitating quick permits and approvals, and mitigating the risks. However, formalization and participation from other stakeholders are needed to ensure good governance.Research limitations/implicationsBecause it is an exploratory case study, the findings cannot be readily generalized. Further research can be done to compare the performance of LSGs in different Chinese cities and PPP projects.Practical implicationsIt is supposed that this paper can provide implications of designing effective coordination mechanisms for managing large-scale PPP projects.Originality/valueThis paper provides an account of the LSG as a distinctive Chinese coordination mechanism that has been rarely studied.
Back to basics
Authors: Lucky Shannon , Harkema Craig 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
To describe how academic libraries can support digital humanities (DH) research by leveraging established library values and strengths to provide support for preservation and access and physical and digital spaces for researchers and communities, specifically focused on cultural heritage collections.

Design/methodology/approach
The experiences of the authors in collaborating with DH scholars and community organizations is discussed with references to the literature. The paper suggests how research libraries can use existing expertise and infrastructure to support the development of digital cultural heritage collections and DH research.

Findings
Developing working collaborations with DH researchers and community organizations is a productive way to engage in impactful cultural heritage digital projects. It can aid resource allocation decisions to support active research, strategic goals, community needs and the development and preservation of unique, locally relevant collections. Libraries do not need to radically transform themselves to do this work, they have established strengths that can be effective in meeting the challenges of DH research.

Practical implications
Academic libraries should strategically direct the work they already excel at to support DH research and work with scholars and communities to build collections and infrastructure to support these initiatives.

Originality/value
The paper recommends practical approaches, supported by literature and local examples, that could be taken when building DH and community-engaged cultural heritage projects.
Design of a digital library maturity model (DLMM)
Authors: Sheikhshoaei Fatemeh , Naghshineh Nader , Alidousti Sirous , Nakhoda Maryam 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
There are many challenges in the development of a digital library (DL) and their complexity can be approached effectively with a maturity model. In a maturity model, the features of a phenomenon are divided into different levels and at each level, they are first improved before going on to the improvement or realization of the next level. The purpose of this study is to design a digital library maturity model (DLMM) in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach
The DLMM was designed using a qualitative approach, meta-synthesis and the Delphi technique. First, the maturity features of a DL were identified by assessing 68 sources of study concerning DLs and maturity models using meta-synthesis. The maturity features were then validated by experts using the three-round Delphi technique. Finally, the experts were asked to categorize these features into the five levels of the capability maturity model (CMM) as the base model.

Findings
By analyzing these sources, three categories, seven concepts and 35 codes for the maturity features of a DL were identified. The majority of previous studies focused on the use of hardware/software systems as the backup and empowerment of DLs and the concept of DL content. The maturity features were then validated by experts using the three-round Delphi technique. Like the base model, DLMM has five levels, and most features were categorized into the third and fourth levels by the experts. Features such as human resources, needs assessment of DL and readiness to create a DL were included in the second level.

Originality/value
This work adds the concept of the maturity model to the literature of DLs.
Do Twitter phenomena check-in popular venues on Foursquare too?
Authors: Bozanta Aysun , Kutlu Birgul 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to figure out the visiting behaviors of the users who have different characteristics on Twitter.

Design/methodology/approach
The visit history of users who share their Foursquare check-ins on Twitter and the characteristics of visited venues (category, check-in count, tip count, like count, rating, and price tier) was collected with Foursquare API. In addition, the number of followers, friends, tweets and favorite-count were collected via Twitter API. First, users were clustered according to their Twitter related attributes. After that, profiling was applied on clusters according to the characteristics of the venues that were visited by the users.

Findings
Clustering analysis generated three clusters, namely, ordinary, talkative and popular. For each cluster, the visited venues were investigated according to the price classification, check-in, like, tip counts and the categories. The users in ordinary class prefer cheaper venues rather than talkative and popular users. On the other hand, popular users prefer the venues with the highest average number of check-ins, likes and tip counts. The top two categories for all clusters are cafe and shopping mall.

Originality/value
This study differentiates from the other studies in the literature by examining the data from Twitter with clustering and profiling these clusters with Foursquare data to understand venue preferences of Twitter users having various characteristics. The findings of this study will provide new insights for business owners to understand the customers more comprehensively and design better marketing strategies.