bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of iron oxide mesoporous magnetic microparticles as novel multidrug carriers for synergistic anticancer therapy and deep tumor penetration
Authors: El-Boubbou Kheireddine , Ali Rizwan , Al-Zahrani Hajar , Trivilegio Thadeo , Alanazi Abdullah H. , Khan Abdul Latif , Boudjelal Mohamed , AlKushi Abdulmohsen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe preparation of mesoporous iron oxides with controllable physiochemical properties for effective therapeutic drug delivery remains a formidable challenge. Herein, iron oxide mesoporous magnetic microparticles (IO-MMMs) were prepared by a modified reverse hard-templating approach using, for the first time, acid-prepared mesoporous spheres (APMS) as the hard silica template. The obtained mesostructures exhibited remarkably high surface area and large pore volumes (SBET = 240 m2/g and Vpore = 0.55 cm3/g), controllable average sizes, generally uniform morphologies, and excellent biocompatibilities, allowing them to achieve optimal drug release in cancer cells and tumor tissues. IO-MMM carriers were able to co-load high amounts of hydrophilic chemotherapeutic drugs (Dox or Daun) and/or hydrophobic hormonal anticancer drugs (Tam), and release them sustainably in a pH-dependent manner, utilizing the fluorescence of Daun to real-time trace the intracellular drug distribution, and employing Daun/Tam to treat cancer by combined chemo/hormonal therapy. Cytotoxicity assays against different types of cancerous cells showed that the combinatory Daun/Tam@IO-MMM formulation significantly reduced the viability of metastatic MCF7 and KAIMRC1 breast as well as HCT8 colorectal cancer cells, with the least potency towards non-cancerous normal primary cells (up to 10-fold). Electron, flow, and live confocal microscopy imaging confirmed that the loaded vehicles were successfully and differentially uptaken by the different tested cells, gradually releasing their payloads, and causing apoptotic cell death. Importantly, compared to free drugs, Daun/Tam@IO-MMMs displayed enhanced drug accumulation in patient breast primary tumor tissues, deeply penetrating into the tumor region and killing the tumor cells inside. The designed carriers described here, thus, constitute a novel promising magnetic mesoporous smart system that entraps different kinds of drugs and release them in a controlled manner for combinatorial chemo/hormonal cancer theranostics. This multifactorial platform may open new avenues in cancer therapy as efficient synergistic antitumor system through overcoming limitations of conventional cancer therapy.
Gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 and other neutrophil proteases switch off interleukin-2 activity
Authors: Rybakin Vasily , Stas Melissa , Ugarte-Berzal Estefania , Noppen Sam , Vandooren Jennifer , Van Aelst Ilse , Liekens Sandra , Proost Paul , Opdenakker Ghislain 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInterleukin 2 (IL-2) is critical for T cell development and homeostasis, being a key regulator of adaptive immune responses in autoimmunity, hypersensitivity reactions and cancer. Therefore, its abundance in serum and peripheral tissues needs tight control. Here, we described a new mechanism contributing to the immunobiology of IL-2. We demonstrated, both in biochemical and cell-based assays, that IL-2 is subject to proteolytic processing by neutrophil matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). IL-2 fragments produced after cleavage by MMP-9 remained linked by a disulfide bond and displayed a reduced affinity for all IL-2 receptor subunits and a distinct pattern and timing of signal transduction. Stimulation of IL-2-dependent cells, including murine CTLL-2 and primary human regulatory T cells, with cleaved IL-2 resulted in significantly decreased proliferation. The concerted action of neutrophil proteases destroyed IL-2. Our data suggest that in neutrophil-rich inflammatory conditions in vivo, neutrophil MMP-9 may reduce the abundance of signaling-competent IL-2 and generate a fragment that competes with IL-2 for receptor binding, whereas the combined activity of granulocyte proteases has the potential to degrade and thus eliminate bioavailable IL-2.
Overexpressed vascular endothelial growth factor in adipose derived stem cells attenuates fibroblasts and skin injuries by ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Xie Xiaoyuan , Wang Yina , Xia Yue , Mao Yueping 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contribute to the healing of wound. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of VEGF produced by ADSCs in the protection of fibroblasts and skin of mice from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. ADSCs and fibroblasts were extracted from adipose and skin on the abdomen of mice by enzyme digestion methods. ADSCs surface markers were detected using flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence was used to identify fibroblasts. The expression of VEGF in modified ADSCs with lentivirus was determined. Fibroblasts were injured by UV radiation and co-cultured with ADSCs carrying overexpressed VEGF or normal VEGF. Cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. Mice were treated with UV radiation dorsally and injected with ADSCs containing overexpressed VEGF or normal VEGF. mRNA and protein levels of cell senescence-related genes were measured by qPCR and western blot. It was found that ADSCs with overexpressed VEGF not only promoted the effect of ADSCs on down-regulating senescence-associated (SA)-β-Gal, p21 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, the healing of wound injured by UV radiation and up-regulating collagen I expression in fibroblasts and wound, but also on inhibiting cell cycle arrest in fibroblasts injured by UV radiation and preventing the skin from photoaging caused by UV radiation. VEGF expression in ADSCs played a key role in protecting skin fibroblasts from ageing, which further allowed the skin to resist photoaging, thereby promoting the recovery of wound injured by UV radiation.
Noise Exposure and Background Noise Tolerance in Listeners With Normal Audiograms
Authors: Camera Sarah , Tufts Jennifer , Skoe Erika 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Tolerance for background noise when listening to speech has been found to vary greatly between individuals, despite clinically similar audiograms. Recent work suggests that listeners at risk for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) self-report greater annoyance of background sounds compared with listeners at lower risk for NIHL. To date, the relationship between noise exposure levels and background noise tolerance has not been studied using objective noise exposure level measurements and quantitative (i.e., not questionnaire-based) background noise tolerance measures.

Method

Acceptable Noise Level (ANL;
Nabelek, Tucker, & Letowski, 1991
) scores and week-long noise dosimetry measurements were obtained for 56 normal-hearing college students, 22 of whom were routinely exposed to levels of noise that exceed recommended exposure limits (higher risk). The remaining 34 participants did not exceed recommended exposure limits (lower risk).

Results
The lower risk group's average daily noise dose was 26%, whereas the higher risk group accrued an average daily noise dose of 461%. The lower risk group was found to be more tolerant of background noise than the higher risk group, with mean ANL scores of 3.1 dB and 5.4 dB signal-to-noise ratio, respectively. A small but statistically significant relationship between ANL and noise dose was found, indicating that higher levels of noise exposure were associated with lower background noise tolerance.

Conclusions
Results suggest that young adults at higher risk for NIHL based on objective noise exposure data have a slightly lower tolerance for background noise when listening to speech. These findings open avenues for future work on background noise tolerance in more diverse noise-exposed populations.
Longitudinal Development of Wideband Absorbance and Admittance Through Infancy
Authors: Myers Joshua , Kei Joseph , Aithal Sreedevi , Aithal Venkatesh , Driscoll Carlie , Khan Asaduzzaman , Manuel Alehandrea , Joseph Anjali , Malicka Alicja N. 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe aim of this article was to study the normal longitudinal development of wideband absorbance and admittance measures through infancy.MethodTwo hundred one infants who passed the newborn hearing screen (automated auditory brainstem response) were tested at birth and then followed up at approximately 6, 12, and 18 months of age. Most infants were of either White (86%) or Asian (11%) descent. At each test session, infants passed tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emission tests. High-frequency (1000-Hz) tympanometry was used at birth and 6 months of age, and low-frequency (226-Hz) tympanometry was used at 12 and 18 months of age. Wideband pressure reflectance was also measured at each session and analyzed in terms of absorbance, admittance at the probe tip, and admittance normalized for differences in ear canal area. Multilevel hierarchical models were fitted to the absorbance and admittance data to investigate for effects of age, ear side, gender, ethnicity, and frequency.ResultsThere were considerable age effects on wideband absorbance and admittance measurements over the first 18 months of life. The most dramatic changes occurred between birth and 6 months of age, and there were significant differences between all age groups in the 3000- to 4000-Hz region. There were significant ethnicity effects that were substantial for certain combinations of ethnicity, age, and frequency (e.g., absorbance at 6000 Hz at 12 months of age).ConclusionThere are large developmental effects on wideband absorbance and admittance measures through infancy. For absorbance, we recommend separate reference data be used at birth, 6 months of age, and 12–18 months of age. For admittance (both normalized and at the probe tip), we advise using separate normative regions for each age group (neonates and 6, 12, and 18 months).
Association Between Levels of Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I and
Functional Recovery, Mortality, and Recurrent Stroke at a 7-year
Follow-up
Authors: Åberg N. David , Åberg Daniel , Lagging Cecilia , Holmegaard Lukas , Redfors Petra , Jood Katarina , Nilsson Michael , Åberg Maria , Blomstrand Christian , Svensson Johan , Jern Christina , Isgaard Jörgen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background The association of serum insulin-like growth factor I
(s-IGF-I) with favorable outcome after ischemic stroke (IS) beyond 2 years is
unknown. We investigated whether the levels of s-IGF-I 3 months post-stroke were
associated with functional recovery up to 7 years after IS, considering also
mortality and recurrent strokes.
Methods Patients (N=324; 65% males; mean age, 55 years)
with s-IGF-I levels assessed 3 months after the index IS were included from the
Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke (SAHLSIS). The modified Rankin
Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate outcomes at 3 months, 2 and 7 years after IS,
and recovery was defined as an improvement, no change, or deterioration in the
shifts of mRS score. Baseline stroke severity was determined using the National
Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).
Results The mRS score distributions were better in the above-median
s-IGF-I group (>146.7 ng/ml). The s-IGF-I level was not
associated with recurrent stroke (N=79) or death (N=44),
although it correlated with recovery (r=0.12, P=0.035). In the
regression analysis, s-IGF-I associated with recovery between 3 months and 7
years (but not between 2 and 7 years). The associations did not withstand
adjustment for age and sex. For comparison, the corresponding associations
between 3 months and 2 years withstood all adjustments.
Conclusion The association for s-IGF-I with long-term post-stroke
recovery persists after 7 years, which is also reflected in the mRS score
distributions at all time-points. The effects are however modest, and not driven
by mortality or recurrent stroke.
Welche Bedeutung hat die Syndesmosenverletzung bei Weber-B-Frakturen?1
Authors: Wiebking Ulrich , Kohake Michael , Krettek Christian , Gaulke Ralph 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungWährend Weber-C-Frakturen definitionsgemäß mit einer Verletzung der Syndesmose einhergehen, zeigen einige Studien, dass Weber-B-Frakturen mit Beteiligung der Syndesmose, bei adäquater Therapie mittels fibulotibialer Stellschraube, gleich gute klinische Ergebnisse aufweisen können wie solche ohne Syndesmosenverletzung. Aktuelle eigene Erhebungen zum klinischen und radiologischen Outcome bei isolierten Frakturen des Außenknöchels vom Typ Weber B mit oder ohne behandelte Syndesmosenverletzung bestätigen dies. Das Schmerzniveau, die klinischen Ergebnisse und die Röntgenaufnahmen zeigten keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen. Weber-B-Frakturen mit Ruptur der Syndesmose zeigten nur eine signifikante, aber klinisch nicht relevante Einschränkung der Dorsalextension im Vergleich zu denen mit intakter Syndesmose (15 vs. 20˚, p = 0,028). Schlussfolgerung: Die Ruptur der fibulotibialen Syndesmose beeinflusst die klinischen und radiologischen Outcome-Parameter nach Weber-B-Sprunggelenksfrakturen bei adäquater Behandlung mit einer fibulotibialen Stellschraube nicht.
Sjögren-Syndrom bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Haas Johannes-Peter 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Sjögren-Syndrom ist bei jungen Erwachsenen eine seltene, jedoch oft zu spät erkannte Autoimmunopathie. Es manifestiert sich als primäres juveniles Sjögren-Syndrom (jSS) oder im Rahmen anderer Autoimmunerkrankungen als sekundäres jSS. Die Klinik weicht in einigen Aspekten von der des SS beim Adulten ab. Differenzialdiagnosen sind andere Formen der Parotitis, die bei Kindern und Jugendlichen häufiger vorkommen. Schwere systemische Verläufe eines jSS und selbst die Entwicklung von B-Zell-Lymphomen werden jedoch auch bei jungen Patienten beobachtet. Daher sollte auch bei Jugendlichen mit entsprechenden Erstsymptomen an ein jSS gedacht und eine entsprechende Diagnostik veranlasst werden. Patienten mit einem jSS bedürfen einer regelmäßigen kinderrheumatologischen Betreuung.
Setting Up a Pediatric Sleep Lab
Authors: Krishna Jyoti , Omlor Gregory J. 
Published: July 2019

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs in a significant proportion of children and adolescents and requires a sleep study to diagnose the condition. However, there are relatively few sleep laboratories that serve this population. Consequently, this means sleep studies are not done in a timely manner, and many of these patients do not get studies performed when indicated. Building new pediatric-focused sleep laboratories or expanding service in an adult-focused laboratory to children can help overcome this barrier.The decision to build or modify an existing sleep laboratory for children brings many considerations that are different than for adults. The location of the laboratory is partially determined by the need for the presence of a sleep technologist. Whether they are done in the community or a hospital will be affected by the patient's medical complexity. The design of the sleep laboratory can also be influenced by the presence of children. All children, under 18 years of age, will require a parent to sleep in the room with them. Safety will also be impacted. For example, electric outlets need to be protected, furniture should be child safe, and transportation to emergency facilities must be managed. In addition, service to children also raises technical issues. They require different types of leads and smaller equipment and the software must meet required pediatric specifications. The staff must understand pediatric developmental, social, and medical needs. It is also critical that they have a desire to work with children.This article is written to assist the reader in building a sleep laboratory with the pediatric patient in mind.
Children with Upper Airway Dysfunction: At Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Sisniega Carlos , Katwa Umakanth 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea is characterized by prolonged partial upper airway obstruction or intermittent complete obstruction that disrupts normal ventilation during sleep and alters normal sleep patterns. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea tend to develop neurocognitive, cardiovascular, behavioral, attention issues, and poor academic performance. Therefore, it is essential to diagnose and treat obstructive sleep apnea early and avoid significant and long-lasting adverse outcomes. Most commonly, upper airway obstruction is caused by enlarged lymphoid tissues within the upper airway, and therefore adenotonsillectomy is considered as the first-line treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children. Fifty to 70% of patients who have obstructive sleep apnea and treated by surgery are not entirely cured on follow-up polysomnography. In light of this, it is recommended that patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea undergo a thorough evaluation, and all potential risk factors are identified and treated. The purpose of this review is to familiarize pediatricians with developmental, anatomical, and physiological risk factors involved in the development of obstructive sleep apnea. Additionally, we will present an array of evaluation techniques that can offer adequate assessment of the patient's upper airway anatomy and physiology.
Q-adjectives in Mandarin and the interpretation of nominal phrases
Authors: Hsieh I-Ta Chris 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn Mandarin, predicative quantity adjectives (henceforth, Q-adjectives; e.g.,duō‘many’ andshăo‘few ’; henceforth, predicative Q-adjectives), but not ordinary adjectives (e.g.,cōngmi̇́ng‘smart’), may influence the interpretation of the nominals they are predicates of; while the Mandarin counterpart ofspeaking of the students one taught, Zhangsan manycan (and only can) mean that the students that Zhangsan taught are many, that ofspeaking of the students one taught, Zhangsan smartcan only mean that Zhangsan, but not the student/s that Zhangsan taught, is/are smart. This paper is to show how this previously unnoticed contrast may be accounted for in current theories of degree syntax and semantics. The proposal is couched onSolt’s (2015)analysis of Q-adjectives, according to which measurement of cardinality is introduced via a covert functional head rather than the Q-adjectivesper se.The main idea is that in Mandarin the covert functional head that introduces measurement of cardinality semantically encodes a contextually provided function from individuals to individuals. Crucially, although the content of this function is context-dependent, various syntactic and semantic factors may be at play.
Synthesis and characterization of Ni-promoted zirconia pillared bentonite
Authors: Mirzan M , Wijaya K , Falah I I , Trisunaryanti W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was synthesis a catalyst applied to the cracking reaction and to characterize its physical-chemical properties. The catalyst is a zirconia-pillared bentonite with Nickel as a support metal (promotor). The catalyst is synthesized by pillarization bentonite with ZrOCl2•8H2O as a pillaring agent and then a calcination process for obtaining a zirconia pillared bentonit (ZrO2-bentonite). To obtain a catalyst with good cracking and hydrogenation activity, nickel metal (2% w/w) impregnation was performed using Ni(NO3)2•6H2O precursors. The next step is calcination and reduction to obtain a zirconia-pillared bentonite catalyst with Ni as a support metal (Ni/ZrO2-bentonite). To know the physical-chemical properties was characterized by XRF, XRD, acid properties test using ammonia absorption technique, FTIR and BET. The characterization results with XRF showed an increase of nickel metal content after impregnation process of 6.45%. The acidity assay with ammonia absorption technique showed an increase in the acid properties of the catalyst sample after pillarization and impregnation of 7.580 mmol/g. Analysis of sample diffraction patterns with XRD shows typical montmorillonite peaks still visible but shifts toward an angle of 2θ < 5°. Analysis of functional groups of catalyst with FTIR showed characteristic for Brǿnsted acid at wave number 1635.64 cm-1 after impregnation with nickel metal. Surface area analysis results show an increase in specific surface area after pillarization and impregnation of 96.307 m2/g.
XRD and XRF characterization of white sand from Sambera Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Muliawan A , Sali M , Mustakyudin  , Lutfi M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Characteristic of sand at Sambera village based on crystallography using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence methods was discussed in this article. This research aims to determine the concentration of quartz based on two specimens obtained from two different places at Sambera village. The metal test on quartz sand with XRD method (X-Ray 0.15406 nm) revealed that the scatter angle at 2θ are 26.73210 and 26.73130 with crystal width of each location are 1.81085 nm and 1.03421 nm. While the XRF test revealed that the concentration of quartz are 79.1 % and 79.5 %. The Aluminium concentration are 14.9 % and 15.2 % respectively. The result revealed that the sand of Sambera village has potential to be used as quartz material and aluminum.
Donor acceptor ratio effect on P3HT:PCBM nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic device performance
Authors: Ulum M S , Sesa E , Nismayanti A , Belcher W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Effect of blending ratio between Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as donor electron and phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) on Nanoparticulate Organic Photovoltaic has been investigated. A series of P3HT:PCBM nanoparticle dispersions with blending ratio by mass of P3HT:PCBM 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 were prepared as an active layer of nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices. The highest efficiency of booth pre-annealed and annealed P3HT:PCBM nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices is at blending ratio of 1:1. The highest efficiency was driven by the highest current density (Jsc) and the highest fill factor (FF) indicating that optimal balance between charge generation and charge transport occurred at blending ratio of 1:1.
Forming of absorption band from yellow cane (Sacharum Officindrum) carbonized using Fourier Transformation Infra-Red (FTIR)
Authors: Fajrah M C , Mirnawati F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The absorption band has been made from the yellow sugar cane by the Infrared Spectra Fourier Transformation (FTIR). This research was conducted to determine the absorption band formed at wave number with the method of coating at temperature of 350 °C and method of coagulation at temperature of 500°C, 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C. Characterization of the yellow sugar cane absorption tape is used by FTIR. From the results for very special Si-O bonds appear at 700 °C and 800°C at 470.63 cm−1 to 1118.71 cm−1 and absorbtion 9%- 11%.
Carbon assimilation by Polyalthea Longifolia plant located In air polluted area
Authors: Suryani S , Sumah A S W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the city of Makassar, Polyalthea Longifolia plant is used as one of the plants absorbing CO2. Towering form, leaves lush and green despite the dry season it is interesting to be used as an ornamental plant roadside. CO2 is one of the greenhouse gases, and it is the main element of the photosynthesis process, that is the reason we use plants as a tool to reduce air pollution. The beauty of Polyalthea Logifolia plant as an ornamental plant roadside and as an absorber CO2 are the main reasons to put it along the highway, but we observed the ability of leaf in absorbing CO2 was only less than 1 %.