bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A low‐profile printed antenna for unidirectional beam pattern
Authors: Nishiyama Tohko , Fukusako Takeshi , Kuse Ryuji 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA low‐profile antenna with an antenna gain of 6.80 dBi at 8.40 GHz is presented. This antenna radiates vertical polarization with a unidirectional beam pattern in the horizontal plane which is parallel to the ground plane. Furthermore, a monopole array antenna model is used for verification of the antenna mechanism.
The role impairment associated with mental disorder risk profiles in the WHO World Mental Health International College Student Initiative
Authors: Alonso Jordi , Vilagut Gemma , Mortier Philippe , Auerbach Randy P. , Bruffaerts Ronny , Cuijpers Pim , Demyttenaere Koen , Ebert David D. , Ennis Edel , Gutiérrez‐García Raul A. , Green Jennifer Greif , Hasking Penelope , Lee Sue , Bantjes Jason , Nock Matthew K. , Pinder‐Amaker Stephanie , Sampson Nancy A. , Zaslavsky Alan M. , Kessler Ronald C. ,   on behalf of the WHO WMH‐ICS Collaborators
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the contribution of mental comorbidity to role impairment among college students.MethodsWeb‐based self‐report surveys from 14,348 first‐year college students (Response Rate [RR] = 45.5%): 19 universities, eight countries of the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. We assessed impairment (Sheehan Disability Scales and number of days out of role [DOR] in the past 30 days) and seven 12‐month DSM‐IV disorders. We defined six multivariate mental disorder classes using latent class analysis (LCA). We simulated population attributable risk proportions (PARPs) of impairment.ResultsHighest prevalence of role impairment was highest among the 1.9% of students in the LCA class with very high comorbidity and bipolar disorder (C1): 78.3% of them had severe role impairment (vs. 20.8%, total sample). Impairment was lower in two other comorbid classes (C2 and C3) and successively lower in the rest. A similar monotonic pattern was found for DOR. Both LCA classes and some mental disorders (major depression and panic, in particular) were significant predictors of role impairment. PARP analyses suggest that eliminating all mental disorders might reduce severe role impairment by 64.6% and DOR by 44.3%.ConclusionsComorbid mental disorders account for a substantial part of role impairment in college students.
Left ventricular blood flow patterns at rest and under dobutamine stress in healthy pigs
Authors: Cesarovic Nikola , Busch Julia , Lipiski Miriam , Fuetterer Maximilian , Fleischmann Thea , Born Silvia , von Deuster Constantin , Sauer Mareike , Maisano Francesco , Kozerke Sebastian , Stoeck Christian T. 
Published: November 2018

Intracardiac blood flow patterns are affected by the morphology of cardiac structures and are set up to support the heart's pump function. Exercise affects contractility and chamber size as well as pre‐ and afterload. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of four‐dimensional phase contrast cardiovascular MRI under pharmacological stress and to study left ventricular blood flow under stress. 4D flow data were successfully acquired and analysed in 12 animals. During dobutamine infusion, heart rate and ejection fraction increased (82 ± 5 bpm versus 124 ± 3 bpm/46 ± 9% versus 65 ± 7%; both p < 0.05). A decrease in left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (72 ± 14 mL versus 55 ± 8 mL; p < 0.05) and end‐systolic volume (40 ± 15 mL versus 19 ± 6 mL; p < 0.05) but no change in stroke volume were observed. Trans‐mitral diastolic inflow velocity increased under dobutamine and the trajectory of inflowing blood was directed towards the anterior septum with increased inflow angle (26 ± 5°) when compared with controls (15 ± 2°). In 5/6 animals undergoing stress diastolic vortices developed later, and in 3/6 animals vortices collapsed earlier with significantly smaller cross‐sectional area during diastole. The vorticity index was not affected. Under the stress condition direct flow (% ejection within the next heart beat) increased from 43 ± 6% to 53 ± 8%. 4D MRI blood flow acquisition and analysis are feasible in pig hearts under dobutamine‐induced stress. Flow patterns characterized by high blood velocity and antero‐septally oriented diastolic inflow as well as decreased ventricular volumes are unfavourable conditions for diastolic vortex development under pharmacological stress, and cardiac output is increased by a rise in heart rate and directly ejected left ventricular blood volume.
A deep learning method to detect network intrusion through flow‐based features
Authors: Pektaş Abdurrahman , Acarman Tankut 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we present a deep neural network model to enhance the intrusion detection performance. A deep learning architecture combining convolution neural network and long short‐term memory learns spatial‐temporal features of network flows automatically. Flow features are extracted from raw network traffic captures, flows are grouped, and the consecutive N flow records are transformed into a two‐dimensional array like an image. These constructed two‐dimensional feature vectors are normalized and forwarded to the deep learning model. Transformation of flow information assures deep learning in a computationally efficient manner. Overall, convolution neural network learns spatial features, and long short‐term memory learns temporal features from a sequence of network raw data packets. To maximize the detection performance of the deep neural network and to reach at the highest statistical metric values, we apply the tree‐structured Parzen estimator seeking the optimum parameters in the parameter hyper‐plane. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of flow status interval, flow window size, convolution filter size, and long short‐term memory units to the detection performance in terms of level in statistical metric values. The presented flow‐based intrusion method outperforms other publicly available methods, and it detects abnormal traffic with 99.09% accuracy and 0.0227 false alarm rate.
Mechanisms and regioselectivities of DABCO/DMAP‐catalyzed [2+4] annulation reactions of allenoate with α,β‐unsaturated cyclic ketimine: A DFT study
Authors: Xiao Yang , Zhang Xiao‐Yan , Zhao Ji‐Min , Qiao Yan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the present study, the reaction mechanisms as well as regioselectivities of 1,4‐diazabicyclo‐[2.2.2] octane (DABCO) and 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)‐catalyzed [2+4] annulation reactions of allenoate with α,β‐unsaturated cyclic ketimine leading to hydropyridine derivatives have been theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT). In general, the amine catalyst can initiate the reaction by nucleophilic attack to allenoate leading to zwitterionic intermediate, which can then react with cyclic ketimine following different reaction mechanisms. For DABCO‐catalyzed annulation, the α‐attack is more energetically favorable, and the subsequent two consecutive proton transfers followed by intramolecular cyclization along with catalyst regeneration can lead to the α,β‐[2+4] cycloadduct. While for DMAP‐catalyzed annulation, γ‐attack is preferred, and the subsequent intramolecular cyclization followed by catalyst regeneration results into the β,γ‐[2+4] cycloadduct. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental observations. Further noncovalent interaction (NCI) analyses reveal that the steric repulsion, hydrogen bond interactions, and intramolecular C─H···π interactions as well as π‐π interactions would be responsible for the observed regioselectivities.
Trajectories of health behaviors across early childhood cancer survivorship
Authors: Fisher Rachel S. , Rausch Joseph R. , Ferrante Amanda C. , Prussien Kemar V. , Olshefski Randal S. , Vannatta Kathryn A. , Compas Bruce E. , Gerhardt Cynthia A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe majority of childhood cancer survivors develop at least one late effect subsequent to treatment (eg, cardiovascular disease and obesity). Consistent engagement in recommended health behaviors may mitigate some of these conditions. Researchers have identified early survivorship as a teachable moment, yet few studies have examined positive health behaviors during this period.MethodsFamilies of children with cancer (ages 5‐17) were initially recruited following a diagnosis or relapse of cancer. Three years post diagnosis, survivors (n = 82, Mage = 13.3, SD = 3.7) and their mothers (n = 103, Mage = 41.1, SD = 7.6) completed a questionnaire assessing exercise, dietary, and sleep patterns among survivors. A follow‐up assessment was conducted 2 years later. Mixed models tested change in health behavior over time.ResultsAt 3‐ and 5‐year post diagnosis, mother and self‐report indicated that few survivors engaged in appropriate levels of low‐intensity exercise, fruit/vegetable intake, and dairy consumption. However, most survivors engaged in recommended levels of high intensity exercise, fast food restriction, and sleep. Health behaviors remained stable over time, except for mother report of sleep duration, which decreased (b = –0.6,P < 0.001). Brain tumor diagnosis predicted a larger decrease in self‐report of sleep duration compared with other diagnoses (P = 0.04). Income predicted fast food intake such that higher income was associated with decreased intake over time, whereas lower income was associated with increased intake (P = 0.04).ConclusionsDuring early survivorship, several health behaviors fell short of expectations for exercise and diet and did not improve upon reaching 5‐year post diagnosis. Providers should evaluate survivors' health behaviors, including sleep, early and often, intervening when necessary.
Relationship between subjective visual vertical and balance in individuals with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Klatt Brooke N. , Sparto Patrick J. , Terhorst Lauren , Winser Stanley , Heyman Rock , Whitney Susan L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundSubjective visual vertical (SVV) deviations have been correlated to abnormal cerebellar function in individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). It has been shown that individuals with MS have increased incidence of SVV abnormalities, yet this is not routinely tested in this population during physical therapy evaluation.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine if there is a relationship between SVV and balance performance in people with MS who have cerebellar involvement. We hypothesize that individuals with greater SVV deviations will have worse balance performance.MethodsFifteen females and five males (mean age 54.5 years [±7.03 SD]) with the diagnosis of MS and cerebellar involvement participated. Computerized SVV testing included rod and rod‐and‐frame conditions. None of the balance outcomes were correlated with the rod‐only condition. Because there was a difference in magnitude of results within the rod‐and‐frame condition, based on whether the frame was rotated clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW), they were analysed independently.ResultsFor all six of the balance outcomes, there was a statistically significant moderate correlation with SVV deviations when the frame was tilted CCW: Barthel Index (r = −0.47, p = 0.018), Berg Balance Score (r = −0.59, p = 0.003), gait velocity (r = −0.52, p = 0.010), International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (r = 0.56, p = 0.006), Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (r = 0.62, p = 0.002), and Timed Up and Go (r = 0.58, p = 0.003). Interestingly, the Barthel Index was the only outcome that had statistical significance with a moderate correlation (r = −0.66, p = 0.001) when the frame was rotated CW. In this cohort, greater deviations during the rod‐and‐frame condition of SVV testing correlated with worse functional outcomes, especially when the frame was tilted CCW.ConclusionIndividuals with MS who demonstrate decreased balance performance may rely more heavily on visual backgrounds. Implementation of SVV assessment for individuals with MS may provide clinicians with valuable information to identify clinical interventions.
Transport of salvianolic acid B via the human organic anion transporter 1B1 in the liver
Authors: Cao Li , Zhou Jian , Wen Jinhua 
Published: November 2018

Salvianolic acid B (SAB) has a high concentration in the liver, but the mechanism of its distribution in the liver is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of hepatic uptake of SAB. In this study, we first explored the uptake features of SAB in HepG2 cells and the effect of rifampicin on uptake. Then, we explored the effects of SAB on the uptake of pitavastatin in HepG2 cells. Finally, we established an HEK239T‐OATP1B1 cell model to confirm whether OATP1B1 mediated the transport of SAB. Results showed that the uptake kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for SAB in HepG2 cells were 21.28 ± 2.06 pmol mg−1 per protein min−1 and 28.47 ± 7.36 μM, respectively. Rifampicin inhibited the uptake of SAB in HepG2 cells (IC50 was 5.85 ± 1.70 μM), and SAB affected the uptake of pitavastatin in HepG2 cells (IC50 was 27.67 ± 1.90 μM). The uptake kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for SAB in HEK239T‐OATP1B1 were 60.03 ± 6.16 pmol mg−1 per protein min−1 and 87.24 ± 15.28 μM, respectively, whereas in EGFP‐HEK293 cells were 14.04 ± 2.53 pmol mg−1 per protein min−1 and 56.53 ± 15.50 μM. The SAB had no effect of on the expression of OATP1B1 in HEK239T‐OATP1B1 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that OATP1B1 contributes to the transport and accumulation of SAB in the liver.
The effects of curcumin‐containing supplements on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tabrizi Reza , Vakili Sina , Akbari Maryam , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Lankarani Kamran B. , Rahimi Maryam , Mobini Moein , Jafarnejad Sadegh , Vahedpoor Zahra , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: November 2018

Besides other benefits, curcumin is getting more recognized for its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, highlighting the importance of curcumin application for chronic disease prevention. This systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the influence of curcumin‐containing supplements on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched till January 2018 for eligible studies. The selected studies were evaluated for their quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and relevant data were extracted from included studies. Data were pooled using the inverse variance method and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Fifteen RCTs were included in the final analysis. The meta‐analysis indicated that curcumin supplementation significantly decreased interleukin 6 (IL‐6) (SMD −2.08; 95% CI [−3.90, −0.25]; p = 0.02), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) (SMD −0.65; 95% CI [−1.20, −0.10], p = 0.02), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (SMD −3.14; 95% CI [‐4.76, −1.53], p < 0.001). Though, curcumin supplementation had no significant effect on tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (SMD −1.62; 95% CI [−3.60, 0.36]; p = 0.10) and superoxide dismutase levels (SMD 0.34; 95% CI [−1.06, 1.74], p = 0.63). Overall, this meta‐analysis suggests that taking curcumin‐containing supplements may exert anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties through a significant reduction in IL‐6, hs‐CRP, and MDA levels.
Collision‐induced mass spectrometric fragmentation of protonated dimethoate and omethoate generated by electrospray ionization
Authors: John Harald , Siegert Markus , Kranawetvogl Andreas , Thiermann Horst 
Published: November 2018

RationaleDimethoate (DIM, S=P(OMe)2‐S‐CH2‐C(O)‐NH‐CH3) is a dimethyl phosphorodithioate pesticide widely used in agri‐ and horticulture that undergoes biotransformation in vivo by desulfuration into its more toxic oxono‐derivative omethoate (OM, O=P(OMe)2‐S‐CH2‐C(O)‐NH‐CH3). OM inhibits acetylcholinesterase thus provoking cholinergic crisis in vivo, ultimately leading to death. Quantitative approaches for the determination of DIM and OM in environmental and toxicological samples make use of tandem mass spectrometry (MS2). Nevertheless, so far interpretation of resulting product ions is incomplete and sometimes contradictory.MethodsDIM and OM as well as their deuterated analogues (fully deuterated at both methoxy groups bound to the phosphorus atom) were analyzed by MS2 and MS3 after positive electrospray ionization and collision‐induced dissociation (CID) in a linear ion trap to characterize fragmentations. The accurate masses of product ions were determined in a time‐of‐flight mass analyzer. Hydrogen/deuterium (H/D)‐exchange experiments were carried out for further support of product ion identification. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) computations were used to calculate both the most stable protonation sites of DIM and OM and the changes in the diverse bond lengths after protonation.ResultsSome identical and some related product ions of DIM and OM were found but also striking individual differences. Fragmentation pathways were proposed and product ions identified. Most fragmentations followed the common rules of charge migration fragmentation. DFT calculations supported experimental findings.ConclusionsDiscrepancies present in the literature so far are clarified and a deeper insight is provided into the fragmentation processes of organophosphorus pesticides. The combination of diverse experimental and theoretical approaches yielded consistent results, thus demonstrating continuous progress in understanding gas‐phase reactions in MS experiments.
Invariant set analysis for SISO discrete‐time polynomial systems with dynamic quantizers
Authors: Ichihara Hiroyuki , Sawada Kenji , Tarbouriech Sophie 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis paper deals with the stability analysis problem of discrete‐time polynomial systems subject to input quantization. The quantizer under consideration is supposed to be dynamic. Indeed, considering the quantization error as bounded disturbances, the regional input‐to‐state stability is studied. The approach developed consists in characterizing two nested invariant sets where the outer one is a region of attraction and the inner one is the robust invariant set with respect to the quantization error. By defining a performance index between the quantized system and the quantizer‐free system, a quasi‐convex problem is formulated to minimize an upper bound on such a performance index.
Orchestration of classroom discussions that foster appropriation
Authors: Levrini Olivia , Levin Mariana , Fantini Paola , Tasquier Giulia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates how features of teaching practice may foster appropriation: learning that involves both deep conceptual understanding and transforming scientific discourse in a way that is significant for oneself. Data were drawn from classroom discussions during a unit on thermodynamics that took place in a high school in Italy. We analyze a specific metaphor “tightening the reins and letting them loosen” used by the teacher to characterize her practice. By contrasting episodes of classroom discussion in terms of talk moves and participant frameworks, we discovered that behind the metaphor was a complex epistemological scaffolding that the teacher enacted across her lessons. This scaffolding was articulated across four moments of discussion, each with a different function and purpose: Sharing the construction of a collective disciplinary narrative, Elaborating the narrative in epistemological terms by articulating criteria for comparing different approaches to the disciplinary content, Analyzing the comparison criteria to test their robustness and consistency, and Situating oneself with respect to different approaches to the content informed by the refined criteria (SEAS). We argue that these functions provided the scaffolding for physics to be a context for both disciplinary learning and students’ search for personal relevance and meaning.
Presence of galactose in precultures induces lacS and leads to short lag phase in lactose-grown Lactococcus lactis cultures
Authors: Lorántfy Bettina , Johanson Anna , Faria-Oliveira Fábio , Franzén Carl Johan , Mapelli Valeria , Olsson Lisbeth 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Lactose conversion by lactic acid bacteria is of high industrial relevance and consistent starter culture quality is of outmost importance. We observed that Lactococcus lactis using the high-affinity lactose-phosphotransferase system excreted galactose towards the end of the lactose consumption phase. The excreted galactose was re-consumed after lactose depletion. The lacS gene, known to encode a lactose permease with affinity for galactose, a putative galactose–lactose antiporter, was upregulated under the conditions studied. When transferring cells from anaerobic to respiration-permissive conditions, lactose-assimilating strains exhibited a long and non-reproducible lag phase. Through systematic preculture experiments, the presence of galactose in the precultures was correlated to short and reproducible lag phases in respiration-permissive main cultivations. For starter culture production, the presence of galactose during propagation of dairy strains can provide a physiological marker for short culture lag phase in lactose-grown cultures.
How Do Japanese Elderly People Access Legal Services? An Analysis of Advice-Seeking Behaviour
Authors: YAMAGUCHI Aya 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Japan, an increasing number of elderly people are facing legal issues. However, whether they have enough access to legal services remains unclear. Therefore, this study used a mixed-methods approach—web and interview surveys—to identify elderly people’s experience with legal problems, factors that affect their decisions to consult lawyers about their problems, and factors that relate to their knowledge about the availability of legal consultation. Results showed that legal problems were related to issues with family or relatives. Second, elderly people did not consult lawyers if they could solve problems on their own, felt helpless, or lacked a connection with legal professionals. Third, respondents who had knowledge about the availability of legal consultation were male or working elderly. The overall results suggest that elderly people are not homogeneous, and more support is needed for those who feel helpless or lack knowledge about legal consultation.