bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rebalancing a lopsided global economy
Authors: Triggs Adam 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe growth in global current account imbalances has produced a lopsided global economy, characterised by large lenders and large borrowers, large savers and large consumers, and large exporters and large importers. For many years, the G20 has committed to reducing these imbalances. But has it been successful? Are the G20's policy prescriptions for reducing these imbalances the right ones? And have countries altered their policies because of the discussions and commitments in the G20 or not? The paper assesses whether the G20 has achieved its goal of reducing global current account imbalances. It then uses the G‐Cubed (G20) model — a multi‐country, multi‐sector, intertemporal general equilibrium model — to assess the impacts of the G20's proposed policy agenda. It shows that the G20's policy prescriptions — reducing the fiscal deficit in the United States, increasing public infrastructure investment in Germany and increasing domestic consumption in China — are not necessarily effective in reducing current account imbalances and, when imbalances are reduced, it often comes at the cost of the real economy. Finally, the paper uses the results from in‐depth interviews with 61 policymakers from across all G20 countries — including Janet Yellen, Kevin Rudd, Ben Bernanke, Haruhiko Kuroda, Jack Lew, Mark Carney and 55 others — to explore whether the G20's focus on current account imbalances influences domestic policies. It finds that, while the G20's influence has been marginal, there are ways in which it could be strengthened. The paper concludes with a discussion on how the G20's agenda could be reformed to help reduce current account imbalances in the future.
The differentiating ability of four plasma biomarkers in canine hip dysplasia
Authors: Cardona‐Ramírez Sebastián , López‐Villegas Catalina , Silva‐Molano Raúl F. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe accumulation of cartilage breakdown products in body fluids has been extensively investigated to assess the accuracy of molecular biomarkers from a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic perspective. Nevertheless, to the authors' knowledge, there is a lack of information about spontaneous models of hip osteoarthritis and the differentiating ability of collagen, noncollagen, and inflammatory biomarkers.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the accuracy of four plasma biomarkers that could differentiate between healthy dogs and dogs with hip dysplasia.MethodsTwenty‐four dogs were used in this institutionally approved study (12 in the mild to severe hip dysplasia group; 12 in the control group). Plasma concentrations of biomarkers were compared. The ability of each marker to differentiate control from diseased dogs was assessed using an independent t‐test, logistic regression, and receiving operating characteristics (ROC) analysis.ResultsThree biomarkers were significantly different between the two groups. The collagen marker procollagen type II propeptide (PIICP) was useful in differentiating between control and diseased dogs with the best combination of sensitivity and specificity. The four biomarkers showed high area under the curve (AUC) values.ConclusionsThe results indicate that plasma biomarkers can be used as a screening tool for canine hip dysplasia. Although the cutoff values and diagnostic ability of the biomarkers used in this study show promising results, the sources of individual variability should be addressed. Future studies with larger groups of dogs are needed to correlate plasma levels in serum and synovial fluid during clinical disease.
Stratigraphy and correlations in Deccan Volcanic Province, India: Quo vadis?
Authors: Kale Vivek S. , Dole Gauri , Shandilya Priyanka , Pande Kanchan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) is significant for its eruption close to Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. Chemostratigraphy established in its western parts is the foundation of postulated long distance correlations across the province and consequential models of its eruptive history. A critical review of diagnostic parameters used to characterize stratigraphic units shows them to be probabilistic rather than deterministic and therefore, they are ambiguous. We compile the previously overlooked mapping into district-wise altitude-controlled logs across the province.
A reappraisal of the chronological and paleomagnetic data for the DVP shows that volcanism was not concurrent across the province and questions the validity of previous correlations. This analysis also shows that at least three separate eruptive phases occurred in disparate parts of the province, spread over ∼7 million years, of which only one preceded the K-Pg boundary. We resurrect an eruptive model involving multiple eruptive centers and endorse a zonal stratigraphy for the DVP. This approach provides a better context for correlations than the prevailing stratigraphy that clubs the entire province into a single entity.
Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of Paleogene deposits in the southwestern Sichuan foreland basin, China: Constraints on basin-mountain evolution along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Huang Hanyu , He Dengfa , Li Di , Li Yingqiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe tectonic setting of the southwestern Sichuan foreland basin, China, changed rapidly during the Paleogene period, and records from this period may provide crucial information about the formation and tectonic processes that affected the Sichuan Basin. To constrain the provenance and to reconstruct the paleogeography of the Paleogene successions, we conducted a detailed analysis of the petrology, geochronology, and sedimentary facies of rocks from the southwestern Sichuan foreland basin. The detrital components of the three analyzed sandstone samples indicate moderately to highly mature sediment that was primarily derived from a recycled orogen provenance. Five major age populations were identified in the U-Pb age spectra: Neoarchean to Siderian (2524–2469 Ma and 2019–1703 Ma), Neoproterozoic (Tonian to Cryogenian, 946–653 Ma), Ordovician to Carboniferous (Katian to lower Pennsylvanian, 448–321 Ma), and Carboniferous to Triassic (306–201 Ma). Each of these age populations corresponds to one or several potential sources around the southwestern Sichuan foreland basin. A multidimensional scaling analysis indicated that the Paleogene zircons were mainly derived from recycled sediments of the Songpan-Ganzi terrane and the Sichuan Basin, with minor input from the Yidun terrane, Kangdian terrane, Qinling orogenic belt, and Jiangnan-Xuefeng orogenic belt. More specifically, the sediment supply from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the foreland basin decreased significantly from the Mingshan stage to the Lushan stage, and the Sichuan Basin simultaneously became the most important source area. In addition, there is a high correlation between the detrital zircon U-Pb age spectrum of the southwestern Sichuan Basin and that of the Xichang Basin, which may suggest that a wider and unified Paleo-Yangtze Basin existed during the Late Cretaceous-early Paleogene.
Deposition and age of Chicxulub impact spherules on Gorgonilla Island, Colombia
Authors: Mateo Paula , Keller Gerta , Adatte Thierry , Bitchong André M. , Spangenberg Jorge E. , Vennemann Torsten , Hollis Christopher J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe end-Cretaceous mass extinction (66 Ma) has long been associated with the Chicxulub impact on the Yucatan Peninsula. However, consensus on the age of this impact has remained controversial because of differing interpretations on the stratigraphic position of Chicxulub impact spherules relative to the mass extinction horizon. One side argues that the impact occurred precisely at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, thus coinciding with the mass extinction; the other side argues that the impact predated the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, based on the discovery of primary impact spherules deposits in NE Mexico and Texas near the base of planktic foraminiferal zone CF1, dated at 170 k.y. before the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. A recent study of the most pristine Chicxulub impact spherules discovered on Gorgonilla Island, Colombia, suggested that they represent a primary impact deposit with an absolute age indistinguishable from the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Here, we report on the Gorgonilla section with the main objective of evaluating the nature of deposition and age of the spherule-rich layer relative to the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary.The Gorgonilla section consists of light gray-yellow calcareous siliceous mudstones (pelagic deposits) alternating with dark olive-brown litharenites (turbidites). A 3-cm-thick dark olive-green spherule-rich layer overlies an erosional surface separating Maastrichtian and Danian sediments. This layer consists of a clast-supported, normally graded litharenite, with abundant Chicxulub impact glass spherules, lithics (mostly volcanic), and Maastrichtian as well as Danian microfossils, which transitions to a calcareous mudstone as particle size decreases. Mineralogical analysis shows that this layer is dominated by phyllosilicates, similar to the litharenites (turbidites) that characterize the section. Based on these results, the spherule-rich layer is interpreted as a reworked early Danian deposit associated with turbiditic currents. A major hiatus (&gt;250 k.y.) spanning the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and the earliest Danian is recorded at the base of the spherule-rich layer, based on planktic foraminiferal and radiolarian biostratigraphy and carbon stable isotopes. Erosion across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary has been recorded worldwide and is generally attributed to rapid climate changes, enhanced bottom-water circulation during global cooling, sea-level fluctuations, and/or intensified tectonic activity. Chicxulub impact spherules are commonly reworked and redeposited into younger sediments overlying a Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary hiatus of variable extent in the Caribbean, Central America, and North Atlantic, while primary deposits are rare and only known from NE Mexico and Texas. Because of their reworked nature, Gorgonilla spherules provide no stratigraphic evidence from which the timing of the impact can be inferred.
Cost of integrated chronic care for severe non-communicable diseases at district hospitals in rural Rwanda
Authors: Eberly Lauren Anne , Rusangwa Christian , Ng'ang'a Loise , Neal Claire C , Mukundiyukuri Jean Paul , Mpanusingo Egide , Mungunga Jean Claude , Habineza Hamissy , Anderson Todd , Ngoga Gedeon , Dusabeyezu Symaque , Kwan Gene , Bavuma Charlotte , Rusingiza Emmanual , Mutabazi Francis , Mucumbitsi Joseph , Gahamanyi Cyprien , Mutumbira Cadet , Park Paul H , Mpunga Tharcisse , Bukhman Gene 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundIntegrated clinical strategies to address non-communicable disease (NCDs) in sub-Saharan Africa have largely been directed to prevention and treatment of common conditions at primary health centres. This study examines the cost of organising integrated nurse-driven, physician-supervised chronic care for more severe NCDs at an outpatient specialty clinic associated with a district hospital in rural Rwanda. Conditions addressed included type 1 and type 2 diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, heart failure and rheumatic heart disease.MethodsA retrospective costing analysis was conducted from the facility perspective using data from administrative sources and the electronic medical record systems of Butaro District Hospital in rural Rwanda. We determined initial start-up and annual operating financial cost of the Butaro district advanced NCD clinic for the fiscal year 2013–2014. Per-patient annual cost by disease category was determined.ResultsA total of US$47 976 in fixed start-up costs was necessary to establish a new advanced NCD clinic serving a population of approximately 300 000 people (US$0.16 per capita). The additional annual operating cost for this clinic was US$68 975 (US$0.23 per capita) to manage a 632-patient cohort and provide training, supervision and mentorship to primary health centres. Labour comprised 54% of total cost, followed by medications at 17%. Diabetes mellitus had the highest annual cost per patient (US$151), followed by heart failure (US$104), driven primarily by medication therapy and laboratory testing.ConclusionsThis is the first study to evaluate the costs of integrated, decentralised chronic care for some severe NCDs in rural sub-Saharan Africa. The findings show that these services may be affordable to governments even in the most constrained health systems.
Impact of severe maternal morbidity on adverse perinatal outcomes in high-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Mengistu Tesfaye S , Turner Jessica , Flatley Christopher , Fox Jane , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionSevere maternal morbidity (SMM) includes conditions that are on a continuum of maternal morbidity to maternal death. Rates of SMM are increasing both in high-income countries (HICs) as well as in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). There is evidence that analysis of SMM trends and detailed investigation of factors implicated in these cases may reflect the standard of maternal healthcare both in HICs and LMICs. SMM is also associated with poorer perinatal outcomes. The aim of this protocol is to describe the proposed methodology for the synthesis and analyses of the data describing the relationship between SMM and adverse perinatal outcomes in a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and will be registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Original peer-reviewed epidemiologic/clinical studies of observational (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control) and randomised controlled trial studies conducted in high-income countries will be included. An electronic search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus databases will be performed without restricting publication date/year. Two authors will independently screen the titles, review abstracts and perform data extraction. Where possible, meta-analyses will be done to calculate pooled estimates.Ethics and disseminationAs this is a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of published data, ethics review and approval are not required. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at scientific conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019130933.
Designing and pilot testing of a leadership intervention to improve quality and safety in nursing homes and home care (the SAFE-LEAD intervention)
Authors: Johannessen Terese , Ree Eline , Strømme Torunn , Aase Ingunn , Bal Roland , Wiig Siri 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the design of a leadership intervention for nursing home and home care, including a leadership guide for managers to use in their quality and safety improvement work. The paper reports results from the pilot test of the intervention and describes the final intervention programme.DesignQualitative design, using the participation of stakeholders.MethodsThe leadership guide and intervention were designed in collaboration with researchers, coresearchers and managers in nursing homes and home care organisations, through workshops and focus group interviews. The pilot test consisted of three workshops with managers working on the leadership guide, facilitated and observed by researchers, and evaluated by means of observation and focus group interviews with the participants. The analysis combined the integration of data from interviews and observations with directed content analysis.SettingNorwegian nursing homes and home care services.ParticipantsManagers at different levels in three nursing homes and two home care services, coresearchers, and patient and next-of-kin representatives.ResultsThe managers and coresearchers suggested some revisions to the leadership guide, such as making it shorter, and tailoring the terminology to their setting. Based on their suggestions, we modified the intervention and developed learning resources, such as videos demonstrating the practical use of the guide. Evaluation of the pilot test study showed that all managers supported the use of the guide. They adapted the guide to their organisational needs, but found it difficult to involve patients in the intervention.ConclusionsA participatory approach with stakeholders is useful in designing a leadership intervention to improve quality and safety in nursing homes and home care, although patient participation in its implementation remains difficult. The participatory approach made it easier for managers to adapt the intervention to their context and to everyday quality and safety work practice.
Use of gamification strategies and tactics in mobile applications for smoking cessation: a review of the UK mobile app market
Authors: Rajani Nikita B , Weth Dominik , Mastellos Nikolaos , Filippidis Filippos T 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveMobile phone-based interventions have been proven to be effective tools for smoking cessation, at least in the short term. Gamification, that is, the use of game-design elements in a non-game context, has been associated with increased engagement and motivation, critical success factors for long-term success of mobile Health solutions. However, to date, no app review has examined the use of gamification in smoking cessation mobile apps. Our review aims to examine and quantify the use of gamification strategies (broad principles) and tactics (on-screen features) among existing mobile apps for smoking cessation in the UK.MethodsThe UK Android and iOS markets were searched in February 2018 to identify smoking cessation apps. 125 Android and 15 iOS apps were tested independently by two reviewers for primary functionalities, adherence to Five A smoking cessation guidelines, and adoption of gamification strategies and tactics. We examined differences between platforms with χ2tests. Correlation coefficients were calculated to explore the relationship between adherence to guidelines and gamification.ResultsThe most common functionality of the 140 mobile apps we reviewed allowed users to track the days since/until the quit date (86.4%). The most popular gamification strategy across both platforms was performance feedback (91.4%). The majority of apps adopted a medium level of gamification strategies (55.0%) and tactics (64.3%). Few adopted high levels of gamification strategies (6.4%) or tactics (5.0%). No statistically significant differences between the two platforms were found regarding level of gamification (p>0.05) and weak correlations were found between adherence to Five A’s and gamification strategies (r=0.38) and tactics (r=0.26).ConclusionThe findings of this review show that a high level of gamification is adopted by a small minority of smoking cessation apps in the UK. Further exploration of the use of gamification in smoking cessation apps may provide insights into its role in smoking cessation.
Association between tobacco control policies and current smoking across different occupational groups in the EU between 2009 and 2017
Authors: So Vivian HT , Best Catherine , Currie Dorothy , Haw Sally 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThis study investigated the cross-national and longitudinal associations between national tobacco control policies and current smoking in 28 European Union (EU) member states between 2009 and 2017. It also examined the interaction between tobacco control policies and occupational status.MethodsWe used data from four waves of Eurobarometer (2009, 2012, 2014 and 2017). The total sample size was 105 231 individuals aged ≥15 years. Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) scores (range 0 to 100) for years 2005, 2007, 2012 and 2014 measured the strength of country-level tobacco control policies. Logistic multilevel regression analyses with three levels (the individual, the country-year and the country) were performed with current smoker as the dependent variable.ResultsAcross the EU, average smoking prevalence fell from 29.4% (95% CI 28.5% to 30.2%) in 2009 to 26.3% (95% CI 25.4% to 27.1%) in 2017. We confirmed that cross-nationally, strong national tobacco control policies are significantly associated with a low probability of smoking. A one-point increase in TCS score was associated with lower odds of smoking (OR=0.990; 95% CI 0.983 to 0.998), but longitudinally (within-country) increases in TCS were not associated with current smoking (OR=0.999; 95% CI 0.994 to 1.005). Compared with those in manual occupations, the cross-national association was stronger in the upper occupational group (conditional OR for the interaction=0.985; 95% CI 0.978 to 0.992) and weaker in the economically inactive group (conditional OR for the interaction=1.009; 95% CI 1.005 to 1.013).ConclusionDifferences in tobacco control policies between countries were associated with the probability of smoking but the changes in TCS within countries over time were not. Differences between countries in tobacco control policies were found to be most strongly associated with the likelihood of smoking in the highest occupational groups and were found to have only a weak association with smoking among the economically inactive in this sample.
Genetic characteristics of retinitis pigmentosa in 1204 Japanese patients
Authors: Koyanagi Yoshito , Akiyama Masato , Nishiguchi Koji M , Momozawa Yukihide , Kamatani Yoichiro , Takata Sadaaki , Inai Chihiro , Iwasaki Yusuke , Kumano Mikako , Murakami Yusuke , Omodaka Kazuko , Abe Toshiaki , Komori Shiori , Gao Dan , Hirakata Toshiaki , Kurata Kentaro , Hosono Katsuhiro , Ueno Shinji , Hotta Yoshihiro , Murakami Akira , Terasaki Hiroko , Wada Yuko , Nakazawa Toru , Ishibashi Tatsuro , Ikeda Yasuhiro , Kubo Michiaki , Sonoda Koh-Hei 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe genetic profile of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in East Asian populations has not been well characterised. Therefore, we conducted a large-scale sequencing study to investigate the genes and variants causing RP in a Japanese population.MethodsA total of 1209 Japanese patients diagnosed with typical RP were enrolled. We performed deep resequencing of 83 known causative genes of RP using next-generation sequencing. We defined pathogenic variants as those that were putatively deleterious or registered as pathogenic in the Human Gene Mutation Database or ClinVar database and had a minor allele frequency in any ethnic population of ≤0.5% for recessive genes or ≤0.01% for dominant genes as determined using population-based databases.ResultsWe successfully sequenced 1204 patients with RP and determined 200 pathogenic variants in 38 genes as the cause of RP in 356 patients (29.6%). Variants in six genes (EYS, USH2A, RP1L1, RHO, RP1 and RPGR) caused RP in 65.4% (233/356) of those patients. Among autosomal recessive genes, two known founder variants in EYS [p.(Ser1653fs) and p.(Tyr2935*)] and four East Asian-specific variants [p.(Gly2752Arg) in USH2A, p.(Arg658*) in RP1L1, p.(Gly2186Glu) in EYS and p.(Ile535Asn) in PDE6B] and p.(Cys934Trp) in USH2A were found in ≥10 patients. Among autosomal dominant genes, four pathogenic variants [p.(Pro347Leu) in RHO, p.(Arg872fs) in RP1, p.(Arg41Trp) in CRX and p.(Gly381fs) in PRPF31] were found in ≥4 patients, while these variants were unreported or extremely rare in both East Asian and non-East Asian population-based databases.ConclusionsEast Asian-specific variants in causative genes were the major causes of RP in the Japanese population.