bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downstream Propagation and Remote Dissipation of Internal Waves in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Zheng Kaiwen , Nikurashin Maxim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent microstructure observations in the Southern Ocean report enhanced internal gravity waves and turbulence in the frontal regions of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current extending a kilometer above rough bottom topography. Idealized numerical simulations and linear theory show that geostrophic flows impinging on rough small-scale topography are very effective generators of internal waves and estimate vigorous wave radiation, breaking, and turbulence within a kilometer above bottom. However, both idealized simulations and linear theory assume periodic and spatially uniform topography and tend to overestimate the observed levels of turbulent energy dissipation locally at the generation sites. In this study, we explore the downstream evolution and remote dissipation of internal waves generated by geostrophic flows using a series of numerical, realistic topography simulations and parameters typical of Drake Passage. The results show that significant levels of internal wave kinetic energy and energy dissipation are present downstream of the rough topography, internal wave generation site. About 30%–40% of the energy dissipation occurs locally over the rough topography region, where internal waves are generated. The rest of the energy dissipation takes place remotely and decays downstream of the generation site with ane-folding length scale of up to 20–30 km. The model we use is two-dimensional with enhanced viscosity coefficients, and hence it can result in the underestimation of the remote wave dissipation and its decay length scale. The implications of our results for turbulent energy dissipation observations and mixing parameterizations are discussed.
Comparison of Eight Detection Algorithms for the Quantification and Characterization of Mesoscale Eddies in the South China Sea
Authors: Lian Zhan , Sun Baonan , Wei Zexun , Wang Yonggang , Wang Xinyi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNumerous oceanic mesoscale eddies occur in the South China Sea (SCS). The present study employs eight automatic eddy detection algorithms to identify these mesoscale eddies and compares the results. Eddy probabilities and areas detected by various algorithms differ substantially. Most regions of the SCS with a high discrepancy of eddy probabilities are those with few mesoscale eddies, except for the area west of the Luzon Strait, the area west of Luzon Island between 12° and 17°N, and the southernmost end of the SCS basin. They are primarily caused by strong interference, noncircular eddy shapes, and gentle sea level anomaly (SLA) gradients, respectively. The SLA, winding angle, and hybrid methods can easily detect the mesoscale eddies with wavelike features. The Okubo–Weiss (OW) and the spatially smoothed OW methods better identify grouping phenomena of mesoscale eddies in the SCS. Suggestions are presented on choosing suitable algorithms for studying mesoscale eddies in the SCS. No single algorithm is perfect for all research purposes. For different studies, the most suitable algorithm is different.
Can the Use of Turn-Assist Surfaces Reduce the Physical Burden on Caregivers When Performing Patient Turning?
Authors: Budarick Aleksandra R. , Lad Uma , Fischer Steven L. 
Published: May 2019

Objective: To quantify differences in physical workload afforded by turn-assist surfaces relative to manual patient turns, and between nursing caregivers (turn-away vs. turn-toward) while performing partnered patient turning. Background: Nurse caregivers experience an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries at the back or shoulders when performing patient-handling activities. Use of turn-assist surfaces can reduce the physical burden and risk on caregivers. Method: Whole-body motion capture and hand force measures were collected from 25 caregivers (17 female) while performing partnered manual and technology-facilitated turns. Shoulder and low back angles and L4/L5 joint contact forces were calculated at the instant of peak hand force application for both caregivers. Results: Hand force requirements for the turn-away caregiver were 93% of the estimated maximum acceptable force when performing a manual turn. Use of a turn-assist surface eliminated hand forces required to initiate the patient turn for the turn-away caregiver, where their role was reduced to inserting appropriate wedging behind the patient once the facilitated turn was complete. This reduced shoulder moments by 21.3 Nm for the turn-away caregiver, a reduction in exposure from 70% of maximum shoulder strength capacity to 15%. Spine compression exposures were reduced by 302.1 N for the turn-toward caregiver when using a turn-assist surface. Conclusion: Use of a turn-assist surface reduced peak hand force and shoulder-related exposures for turning away and reduced spine-related exposures for turning toward. Application: Turn-assist devices should be recommended to decrease the risk of musculoskeletal disorder hazards for both caregivers when performing a partnered patient turn.
Another Piece of the Puzzle: The Importance of Officer Characteristics and Group Processes in Understanding Post-stop Outcomes
Authors: Tillyer Rob , Smith Michael , Lloyd Caleb D. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: Investigate the potential relationship between officer characteristics and poststop outcomes during police–citizen encounters. Methods: Data on police-initiated contacts were drawn from a large, racially/ethnically mixed urban environment. Cross-classified, multilevel models were estimated to identify correlates of five poststop outcomes. Results: Officer gender, race/ethnicity, and length of service exerted a direct and/or moderating effect on the likelihood of a traffic citation, criminal citation, and a search. Conclusions: Officer characteristics are a key, yet understudied, component to understanding the complexities of police officer decision-making in police–citizen encounters. The results indicate a noticeable component of the variation in poststop outcomes rests at the officer level thereby substantiating the continued exploration of these relationships. Moreover, the moderating effect of officer characteristics on the relationship between minority citizens and poststop outcomes presents new potential directions for expanding the social conditioning model and offers evidence regarding the in-group versus out-group perspectives within the context of police–citizen interactions. Limitations include omitted variable bias and inexact measurement of some variables.
Analysis of body proportions of Croatian basketball players and the untrained population and their influence on garment fit
Authors: Brlobašić Šajatović Blaženka , Petrak Slavenka , Naglić Maja Mahnić 
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to determine differences in body proportions and measurements of basketball players and an untrained group of the general population, as well as the impact of physical differences on garment fit through the Croatian sizing system for labeling men's clothing based on the European standard EN 13402. It was hypothesized that clothes made according to the system for labeling men's clothing are not appropriate for the population of basketball players. Differences in morphological properties of the basketball players, as a result of many years of active sport playing, were found both by conventional anthropometric measurement method and three-dimensional (3D) body scanning. Anthropometric measurements were taken for the needs of the clothing industry according to ISO 3635, ISO 8559 and ISO 20685. The study was conducted on a sample of 189 male test subjects, aged between 15 and 25 years, who are professional basketball players and sample of a 189 test subjects for the untrained group of the general population of the same age. Statistical data results included factor and discriminate analysis. Differences in the body measurements of basketball players and the untrained group of the general population were analyzed through an independent samples t-test. Considering that differences in the upper body part have a large impact on garment fit, compared to the average body measurements, that is, the existing clothing sizing system, a proposal for the amendment of the sizing system for basketball players, with average body measurements by size, was made. In addition, for the purposes of the study, 20 anthropometric variables related to the upper body part and required for the clothing construction were analyzed. In order to test the garment fit, two men's shirt prototypes of the same garment size, one based on the existing sizing systems and one based on the proposed amendment for basketball players, were developed using a two-dimensional/3D computer-aided design system. Computer simulations performed on the average basketball player body model showed the unsuitable fit of a men's shirt constructed according to the existing sizing system and the satisfying fit of a men's shirt constructed according to measurements of the proposed amendment for basketball players, confirming the possible application of the conducted research results and the proposed sizing amendment.
Longus Capitis Reconstruction of the Soft Palate
Authors: Gross Jennifer H. , Zenga Joseph , Sharon Jeffrey D. , Jackson Ryan S. , Pipkorn Patrik 
Published: May 2019

Soft palate (SP) reconstruction remains a challenge for the head and neck reconstructive surgeon. One favorable local flap option is the longus capitis muscle (LCM), a deep neck flexor with redundant muscle function, appropriate bulk, and a relatively straightforward surgical harvest. A retrospective review of 3 patients with T2 to T4 tonsil squamous cell carcinoma requiring SP resection and LCM reconstruction at a single institution was performed. Three patients underwent primary transoral resection, all resulting in at least 50% full‐thickness SP defects. Reconstruction comprised a superiorly based LCM local flap. Patients underwent adjuvant (chemo)radiation therapy as indicated. Within 3 to 8 months, each patient was tolerating a full oral diet with no dysphagia, nasal regurgitation, or velopharyngeal insufficiency. For select patients with SP defects, a superiorly based LCM flap may provide a functionally acceptable reconstruction with minimal donor site morbidity.
The effect of antidementia drugs on mortality in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lin Wei-Hao , Lin Ching-Herng , Hou Po-Hsun , Lan Tsuo-Hung 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease is associated with a higher mortality rate after the diagnosis. We hypothesized that patients with Alzheimer’s disease who received antidementia drugs may have a lower mortality rate than those without such treatment. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease aged ⩾65 years during 2001–2006 were identified in the National Health Institute Research Database, Taiwan. We included patients with Alzheimer’s disease who received antidementia drugs as the exposure group (ADD group), and compared them with a non-exposure group who did not receive any antidementia drugs (non-ADD group) matched for age at the index date, gender and Charlson Comorbidity Index score before the index date. All-cause mortality rates and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores at one and two years after the index date were compared between the ADD and non-ADD groups. Results: There were 529 patients in non-ADD group and 529 in the ADD group. The mortality rate was significantly lower in the ADD group compared with the non-ADD group (42% versus 58.6%; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that antidementia drugs may have a protective effect against mortality in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
How Much Does Attendance Impact Weight Loss and Health Care Spending in a Diabetes Prevention Program Serving Older Adults?
Authors: Alva Maria L. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: Measure attendance to the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) of the USA (Y-USA) diabetes prevention program (DPP) and show how attendance impacts weight loss and medical spending in a population of Medicare beneficiaries. Design: Observational study using a pre- and post-specification. Setting: A total of 17 participating YMCAs nationwide. Participants: 3317 Medicare beneficiaries with prediabetes. Intervention: Community-based trainings of lifestyle intervention (National DPP). Measures: We used weight measurements from the Y-USA DPP participants, and Medicare fee-for-service part A and B claims data (January 2011–December 2016) from Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse. Analysis: We used multivariate regression models to test the impact of class attendance on weight loss and Medicare expenditures. Results: From a maximum of 24 classes, participants on average attended 14 (standard deviation: 6). The relationship between attendance and both weight loss and savings were approximately linear. During each weekly class, participants lost an average of 0.72 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.77) pounds and saved on average $58 (CI: $38-78) in medical expenses per class attended. Conclusions: Attendance to diabetes prevention programs is often challenging. To obtain both clinically relevant changes (weight loss greater than 5% of one’s initial body weight) and economically relevant savings, completing at least 14 core sessions is essential. Steps to increase attendance and motivation across vulnerable groups may be an essential consideration for policymakers.
Changes in Self-Rated Physical Health After Moving Into Permanent Supportive Housing
Authors: Rhoades Harmony , Wenzel Suzanne L. , Henwood Benjamin F. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: Homelessness is associated with poor health outcomes and heightened risk of premature mortality. Permanent supportive housing (PSH) is a key solution for ending homelessness, but there is insufficient evidence of a relationship between PSH and improvements in physical health. Self-rated health—a consistent predictor of mortality—is a meaningful approach to understanding health improvements in PSH. Design: Longitudinal, observational design with interviews at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months (with 91% retention at 12-months). Setting: Permanent supportive housing in Los Angeles, CA. Subjects: Four hundred twenty-one adults moving into PSH (baseline interview prior to/within 5 days of housing). Measures: Three self-rated health assessments: general health status, and limitations to physical and social activity because of health problems. Results: Generalized Estimating Equations (controlling for demographics and important health covariates; n = 420) found self-rated general health status improved between baseline and 3-months (coef: 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-0.24) and persisted at 12-months (coef: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.05-0.27). Improvements in limitations to physical or social activity because of health problems started at 6-months posthousing (physical: coef: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12-0.39; social: coef: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05-0.32) and persisted through 12-months (physical: coef: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.01-0.27; social: coef: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.02-0.29). Conclusions: Despite limitations associated with observational study design, these findings provide further evidence that PSH may improve health among those with homelessness histories.
Cancer-Related Fatigue: Perception of Effort or Task Failure?
Authors: Fernandez Carlos , Firdous Shagufta , Jehangir Waqas , Behm Bertrand , Mehta Zankhana , Berger Andrea , Davis Mellar 
Published: May 2019

Context: Patient’s rating of perceived effort (RPE) is used to assess central fatigue. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is believed to be of central origin. The increased RPE with a motor task, such as the Finger-Tapping Test (FTT), can easily be measured in the clinical setting. Objectives: To correlate the FTT, RPE and the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) rated fatigue severity in patients with cancer. Methods: Subjective fatigue was assessed in adult patients with cancer by the BFI. Participants performed a modified FTT with the index finger of the dominant hand: 15 seconds × 2, 30 seconds × 2, and 60 seconds × 2 with 1 minute of rest between each time trial. Rating of perceived effort at the end of task was measured by the Borg 10 scale. Exclusions: Brain metastasis, history of brain radiation, Parkinson disease, Huntington Chorea, multiple sclerosis, delirium, and depression. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to describe the relationships between BFI, FTT, and Borg 10 scale. Results: Thirty patients participated. Mean age was 56.2. Sixteen were females (53.3%). The mean BFI mean was 4.1, median 4.4. Tapping rate did not correlate with fatigue severity. The RPE correlated with the mean BFI: r s 0.438, P = .0155. These correlations persisted after adjustment for age. Conclusion: An increased RPE in the absence of task failure suggests that the origin of CRF is central. The performance of an FTT with RPE helps to improve our understanding of fatigue in the clinical setting.
Factors associated with outcome after successful radiological intervention in arteriovenous fistulas: A retrospective cohort
Authors: Manou-Stathopoulou Sotiria , Robinson Emily J , Harvey John Julian , Karunanithy Narayan , Calder Francis , Robson Michael G 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Arteriovenous fistulas are the best form of vascular access for haemodialysis. A radiological balloon angioplasty is the standard treatment for a clinically relevant stenosis, but the recurrence rate is high. Data on factors associated with recurrence are limited. Methods: A single centre, retrospective analysis was performed for 124 consecutive patients who had successful interventions for dysfunctional arteriovenous fistulae, to examine factors associated with post-intervention patency. Follow-up was at least 1 year for all patients. Variables associated with primary and cumulative patency were pre-specified and assessed using both un-adjusted (univariate) and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Analysis was repeated for a subgroup of 80 patients with a single lesion only in order to examine the potential effects of stenotic lesion characteristics on patency. Results: Factors found to have a significant association with poorer outcomes (less time to loss of patency) included thrombosis at the time of intervention and a history of previous intervention. Fistula age (log days) was significantly associated with better outcomes (greater time to loss of patency). Non-white ethnicity, lesion length, and patient age were also significantly associated with accelerated loss of patency. Discussion: The factors we have identified as linked to poor outcome may help to identify patients in whom a balloon angioplasty is unlikely to provide a durable outcome. This may prompt exploring alternative treatment or dialysis options at an early stage.
Comparison of Bone Mineral Densitometry at 2 Sites Versus 3 Sites in Patients Suspicious for Osteoporosis
Authors: Azami Ahad , Anari Hasan , Iranparvar Manouchehr , Azizi Amin , Habibzadeh Afshin 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: In this study, we aim to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) results of 2 standard sites with 3 sites including wrist in diagnosing osteoporosis. Methods: We evaluated the BMD results of 1272 individuals referred for suspected osteoporosis between 2012 and 2015. Those individuals were included with BMD at lumbar spine, femur neck, and wrist. Bone mineral density was measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) device. Bone mineral density and T score were measured for all 3 sites. Results: There was significant correlation between wrist T score with hip T score ( r = 0.606, P < .001) and lumbar T score ( r = 0.527, P < .001). With BMD of 2 sites, patients had osteopenia in 46.3% and osteoporosis in 23.7%, while by adding wrist T-BMD, subjects had osteopenia in 46.6% and osteoporosis in 33%. Between BMD at 2 sites and 3 sites, there was concordance in 81.9%, minor discordance in 17.6%, and major discordance in 0.5%. Conclusions: We observed discordance between BMD measurements of 2 sites and 3 sites, with latter detecting more cases with osteoporosis. In fact, measurement of T scores of wrist along with lumbar and femur neck improves the diagnosis.
Long-Term Results of Bilateral Lung Transplantation in Patients With End-Stage Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Salman Jawad , Ius Fabio , Sommer Wiebke , Siemeni Thierry , Fleissner Felix , Alhadidi Hani , Kugler Christiane , Avsar Murat , Haverich Axel , Warnecke Gregor , Tudorache Igor , Kuhn Christian 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease in women, leading to progressive deterioration of lung function and respiratory failure. We describe the outcome of patients with end-stage LAM who underwent lung transplantation at our center. Materials and Methods: The records of patients with LAM transplanted at our institution between February 1997 and May 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Morbidity and mortality were analyzed, and actuarial survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods. The cumulative survival of transplant patients with LAM at our center was compared with survival after transplantation due to different diseases at our center and the results of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Quality of life was assessed by a patient self-report at the end of the first postoperative year. Results: During the study period, 25 patients underwent lung transplantation for LAM. All patients were women with a mean age of 50 (9) years. Thirteen patients (52%) had undergone previous thoracotomy. All patients (100%) received bilateral lung transplantation. One (4%) case of in-hospital mortality occurred and 9 (36%) late deaths. Two (8%) cases of late death were due to chronic lung allograft dysfunction. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 92%, 84%, and 76%, respectively. Quality-of-life ratings were above the normal in all eight 36-Item Short Form Health Survey subscales 1 year after transplantation. Conclusions: Lung transplantation offers a valuable therapy for patients with end-stage pulmonary LAM.
TMA-93 for Diagnosing Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Comparison With the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test
Authors: Rodrigo-Herrero Silvia , Carnero-Pardo Cristóbal , Méndez-Barrio Carlota , De Miguel-Tristancho Miguel , Graciani-Cantisán Eugenia , Sánchez-Arjona María Bernal , Maillet Didier , Jiménez-Hernández María Dolores , Franco-Macías Emilio 
Published: May 2019

Background:TMA-93 examines binding by images, an advantage for the less educated individuals.Aim:To compare the discriminative validity of TMA-93 against the picture version of Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) to distinguish patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from normal controls (NCs) without excluding less educated individuals.Methods:Design:Phase I diagnostic evaluation study.Participants:A total of 30 patients with aMCI and 30 NCs matched for sociodemographics variables.Statistical Analysis:The diagnostic accuracy for each test was calculated by conducting receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Hanley and McNeil method was used to compare diagnostic accuracy of different tests on the same sample.Results:Up to 41.7% of the sample had less than a first grade of education. Both tests showed excellent diagnostic accuracy. The comparisons did not show significant differences.Conclusions:TMA-93 is so accurate as FCSRT to differentiate aMCI from controls including less educated individuals. The test could be considered as a choice in this sociodemographic context.