bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Fully Organic and Biodegradable Superhydrophobic Materials
Authors: Milionis Athanasios , Sharma Chander Shekhar , Hopf Raoul , Uggowitzer Michael , Bayer Ilker S. , Poulikakos Dimos 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of fully organic (cellulose/wax based), biodegradable, and hierarchically textured superhydrophobic material, inspired by natural, self‐cleaning plants, like the Lotus leaf is reported. The developed material can reproduce in a controllable and artificial manner the chemical composition and material properties of these natural surfaces. At the same time, the fabrication protocol described here enables realization of properties beyond the ones found in the natural leaves, by allowing facile tuning of the topographical and mechanical properties. The surface topography consists of a micropillar structure assembly with, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the highest to date reported aspect ratio (7.6) for cellulose materials. Additionally, control and tunability of the material's mechanical properties are also demonstrated, which is rendered softer (down to 227 MPa Young's modulus from 997 MPa base value) by adding glycerol as a natural plasticizer. Finally, the self‐cleaning properties are demonstrated and the biodegradability of the material is evaluated in a period of ≈3 months, which confirms full biodegradation. Additionally, water drop and jet impact, and folding tests demonstrate that the material can reasonably sustain its wettability properties. Such a truly bioinspired and biodegradable material system could find potential use in various bioengineering applications.
Dipolar Switching of Charge‐Injection Barriers at Electrode/Semiconductor Interfaces as a Mechanism for Water‐Induced Instabilities of Organic Devices
Authors: Nouchi Ryo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn electrode contact–related mechanism for the operational instability of organic electronic devices is proposed and confirmed via observation of a water‐induced change in charge‐injection barrier heights at the electrode/organic‐semiconductor interfaces. Water molecules in air penetrate into the organic crystal via diffusion, and an external electric field orients the electric dipole of the water molecules at the electrode surfaces, leading to dipolar switching of the charge‐injection barrier height. As a result of the switching, current–voltage curves of two‐terminal Au–rubrene–Au devices change from symmetric to asymmetric, showing diode‐like rectification and reversible switching of the diode polarity. The device shows the highest current switching ratio of 267 for the switching voltage of 3 V, corresponding to an electrode work function change of >144 meV. The mechanism proposed herein will be important especially for short‐channel organic devices, which are indispensable for applications such as organic integrated circuits.
Smart Design on the Cyclometalated Ligands of Iridium(III) Complexes for Facile Tuning of Phosphorescence Color Spanning from Deep‐Blue to Near‐Infrared
Authors: Chen Zhao , Wang Liqi , Ho Cheuk‐Lam , Chen Shuming , Suramitr Songwut , Plucksacholatarn Aunyamanee , Zhu Nianyong , Hannongbua Supa , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt has long been a challenge to achieve iridium(III) complexes with emission colors covering the whole visible and near‐infrared wavelengths, by using similar cyclometalating ligands. Herein, a series of iridium(III) complexes that accomplish broadly tunable phosphorescence from 420 to 729 nm through the use of trifluoromethyl substituents and other conjugated units such as [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐c]pyridine in the cyclometalating ligands are reported. The peak external quantum efficiencies of 7.1%, 20.0%, 14.0%, 4.0%, and 16.0% are achieved for deep‐blue, green, red, near‐infrared, and white phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes, respectively, by using these iridium(III) complexes.
Facile Nanogold–Perovskite Enabling Ultrasensitive Flexible Broadband Photodetector with pW Scale Detection Limit
Authors: Luo Xiao , Zhao Feiyu , Liang Yuanlong , Du Lili , Lv Wenli , Xu Kun , Wang Ying , Peng Yingquan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBroadband photodetection is central to spectroscopy, imaging, and sensing in modern science and technology. However, traditional devices suffer from a higher dark current because as‐adopted photoactive semiconductors tend to be accompanied by a large noise output due to higher conductivity, resulting in low sensitivity and detectivity. The utilization of photon manipulation as enhancing light–matter interaction on a deep subwavelength scale provides a fascinating opportunity to achieve higher photocurrent while keeping a low noise level. Here, an ultrasensitive flexible broadband photodetector based on multiphysics coupled nanogold–perovskite films is demonstrated. The mechanism involves optimized interfacial injection, bulk transport, photon trapping, and energy transformation, and leads to high photosensitivity (≈105), low detection limit (5.7 pW), and wide spectral response (UV–vis–NIR). These results show that the nanometal–perovskite framework can be used as a powerful platform for ultrasensitive flexible broadband photodetection, competitive with state‐of‐the‐art commercial devices or publications.
A Solution Processed Flexible Nanocomposite Substrate with Efficient Light Extraction via Periodic Wrinkles for White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Huang Yilong , Liu Yayun , Youssef Kareem , Tong Kwing , Tian Yanhong , Pei Qibing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new flexible nanocomposite substrate is reported to enhance the light outcoupling efficiency of white organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The substrate comprises silver nanowires as electrode and periodic wrinkles as external structures for light extraction. It can outcouple both the waveguide and substrate modes. With the optimized external light extraction structures, white OLEDs based on the nanocomposite substrates show external quantum efficiency (EQE) enhancement factor of 2.34 compared to control devices on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass, with an EQE of (38.4 ± 2.7)%, a power efficiency of 85.8 ± 2.9 lm W−1, and a current efficiency of 100.3 ± 7.1 cd A−1 at luminance of 1000 cd m−2. Moreover, the external wrinkles improve the spectral uniformity over a wide range of viewing angles, which is an important feature for lighting applications. The nanocomposite substrate is fully solution‐processed and thus can potentially lower the manufacturing cost of high‐efficiency flexible OLEDs.
Roll‐to‐Roll Slot Die Coated Perovskite for Efficient Flexible Solar Cells
Authors: Galagan Yulia , Di Giacomo Francesco , Gorter Harrie , Kirchner Gerwin , de Vries Ike , Andriessen Ronn , Groen Pim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe feasibility of upscaling the perovskite solar cells technologies to high volume production using roll‐to‐roll (R2R) slot die coating is demonstrated in this study. Perovskite solar cells are produced by R2R slot die coating on flexible substrates with a width of 30 cm and the web speed of 3–5 m min−1. R2R deposition of the electron transport layer and perovskite is performed at ambient atmosphere from nontoxic solvents compatible with industrial manufacturing. The average stabilized power conversion efficiency of the devices made on different areas of the foil is 12%, with the best value of 13.5%. The demonstrated achievement is an important milestone and a big solid step toward future commercialization of perovskite‐based solar cells technologies.
3D Architectures of Quaternary Co‐Ni‐S‐P/Graphene Hybrids as Highly Active and Stable Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Song Hee Jo , Yoon Hyunseok , Ju Bobae , Lee Gwang‐Hee , Kim Dong‐Wan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost, highly active, and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts is a challenging issue in electrochemical water electrolysis. Building on 3D architectured electrocatalysts through structural and compositional engineering is an effective strategy to enhance catalytic activities as well as stability and durability. Herein, 3D architectures of quaternary Co‐Ni‐S‐P compounds coupled with graphene ((Co1−xNix)(S1−yPy)2/G) electrocatalysts are proposed, in which nanosheets are self‐assembled to form 3D architectures with round and flat doughnut‐like shapes, toward overall water splitting. Benefiting from the 3D architectures and Ni, P substitution, (Co1−xNix)(S1−yPy)2/G exhibits superior electrocatalytic activities with low overpotentials of 117 and 285 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slopes of 85 and 105 mV dec−1 for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, respectively, in alkaline media. In addition, minimal increases in overpotential are observed, even after the 10 000th voltammetric cycle and continuous chronopotentiometric testing over 50–100 h, confirming the high stability and durability of (Co1−xNix)(S1−yPy)2/G. When used as both cathode and anode, (Co1−xNix)(S1−yPy)2/G achieves excellent overall water splitting performance with a cell potential as low as 1.65 V, reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with no obvious decay after 50 h, demonstrating that (Co1−xNix)(S1−yPy)2/G is an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.
Enabling Stable Lithium Metal Anode via 3D Inorganic Skeleton with Superlithiophilic Interphase
Authors: Fan Lei , Li Siyuan , Liu Lei , Zhang Weidong , Gao Lina , Fu Yao , Chen Fang , Li Jing , Zhuang Houlong L. , Lu Yingying 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe lithium metal battery (LMB) is among the most sought‐after battery chemistries for high‐energy storage devices. However, LMBs usually undergo uncontrollable lithium deposition and severe side reactions, which significantly impede their practical applications. Herein, a stable Al2O3‐based inorganic framework with superlithiophilic lithium aluminum oxide (Li‐Al‐O) interphase is created via reacting Li with Al2O3 nanoparticles. The Al2O3‐based inorganic framework can serve as a stable Li “host,” reducing the volume expansion during cell cycling. Moreover, the strong interaction between Li‐Al‐O interphase and Li+ can redistribute Li+ and reduce the ion concentration gradient near surface protrusion, thus reducing uneven lithium electrodeposition. From galvanostatic measurements, symmetric cells with the 3D Al2O3‐hybrid electrode can operate under an ultrahigh current density of 8 mA cm−2 over 480 cycles. When used in full cells, it improves the capacity retention of Li/LiFePO4 from 78.4% to 93.6% after 200 cycles and enables long‐term operation of Li/Li4Ti5O12 for over 1200 cycles.
Current state and future evolution of pancreatic islet transplantation
Authors: Anazawa Takayuki , Okajima Hideaki , Masui Toshihiko , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPancreatic islet transplantation provides an effective treatment option for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with intractable impaired awareness of hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemic events. Currently, the primary goal of islet transplantation should be excellent glycemic control without severe hypoglycemia, rather than insulin independence. Islet transplant recipients were less likely to achieve insulin independence, whereas solid pancreas transplant recipients substantially had greater procedure‐related morbidity. Excellent therapeutic effects of islet transplantation as a result of accurate blood glucose level–reactive insulin secretion, which cannot be reproduced by current drug therapy, have been confirmed. Recent improvement of islet transplantation outcome has been achieved by refinement of the pancreatic islet isolation technique, improvement of islet engraftment method, and introduction of effective immunosuppressive therapy. A disadvantage of islet transplantation is that donors are essential, and donor shortage has become a hindrance to its development. With the development of alternative transplantation sites and new cell sources, including porcine islet cells and embryonic stem/induced pluripotent stem (ES/iPS)‐derived β cells, “On‐demand” and “Unlimited” cell therapy for T1D can be established.
Direct C−H Borylation at the 2‐ and 2,7‐Positions of Pyrene Leading to Brightly Blue‐ and Green‐Emitting Chromophores
Authors: Yao Xuelin , Zhang Ke , Müllen Klaus , Wang Xiao‐Ye 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA straightforward C−H borylation at the 2‐ and 2,7‐positions of pyrene derivatives has been demonstrated, generating a new type of non‐K‐region heteroannelated pyrene‐based chromophores, i. e. 2‐(tert‐butyl)‐10,11‐dioxa‐10a‐boratribenzo[a,f,lm]perylene (1) and 11,12,23,24‐tetraoxa‐11a,23a‐diboratetrabenzo[a,f,n,s]terrylene (2). Compound 1 exhibits strong blue fluorescence (λmax: 442 nm) with a quantum yield of 70%, whereas compound 2 with alkyl substituents displays green fluorescence (λmax: 525 nm) with a quantum yield of 84%. Furthermore, p‐type charge transport has been revealed for both compounds by organic field‐effect transistors.
Corneal confocal microscopy: Neurologic disease biomarker in Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Pagovich Odelya E. , Vo Mary L. , Zhao Zoe Z. , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Yuan Michelle , Lertsuwanroj Buntitar , Ciralsky Jessica , Lai Edward , Kiss Szilard , D'Amico Donald J. , Mezey Jason G. , Malik Rayaz A. , Crystal Ronald G. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveFriedreich ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the mitochondrial protein frataxin, is characterized by ataxia and gait instability, immobility, and eventual death. We evaluated corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) quantification of corneal nerve morphology as a novel, noninvasive, in vivo quantitative imaging biomarker for the severity of neurological manifestations in FRDA.MethodsCorneal nerve fiber density, branch density, and fiber length were quantified in individuals with FRDA (n = 23) and healthy age‐matched controls (n = 14). All individuals underwent genetic testing and a detailed neurological assessment with the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and Friedreich's Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS). A subset of individuals with FRDA who were ambulatory underwent quantitative gait assessment.ResultsCCM demonstrated a significant reduction in nerve fiber density and length in FRDA compared to healthy controls. Importantly, CCM parameters correlated with genotype, SARA and FARS neurological scales, and linear regression modeling of CCM nerve parameter–generated equations that predict the neurologic severity of FRDA.InterpretationTogether, the data suggest that CCM quantification of corneal nerve morphology is a rapid, sensitive imaging biomarker for quantifying the severity of neurologic disease in individuals with FRDA. Ann Neurol 2018;84:893–904
Effect of the Pseudogap on the Quasiparticle Transport from the Static Limit to Finite Energy for Cuprate Superconductors
Authors: Zhao Huaisong , Yan Xu , Wan Yong , Yuan Feng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWithin the renormalized t‐J model and self‐consistent mean field theory, the doping and energy dependences of the quasiparticle transport is studied in cuprate superconductors, especially in the underdoped region. By calculating the doping and energy dependence of the ratio of the thermal conductivity to the electrical conductivity at temperature T, (the form of the Wiedemann–Franz law), it is shown that increases with the increase of energy from underdoping to overdoping, whereas it is constant in heavily overdoped cuprate superconductors and recovers the result of the Wiedemann–Franz law at zero energy. The slope of is the highest in the underdoped region, decreases with increasing the doping concentration in the whole doping range, and reaches zero in the heavily overdoped region. In particular, the ratio as a function of energy exhibits a characteristic peak over the transition from underdoping to overdoping, and the position of the characteristic peak ωWF decreases monotonically upon increasing doping concentration. Therefore, these results indicate that the slope of and characteristic peaks as a function of doping are related to the appearance of the pseudogap in cuprate superconductors.
Electron Magnetic Moment in Highly Charged Ions: The ARTEMIS Experiment
Authors: Vogel Manuel , Ebrahimi Mohammad Sadegh , Guo Zhexi , Khodaparast Anahita , Birkl Gerhard , Quint Wolfgang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe magnetic moment (g‐factor) of the electron is a fundamental quantity in physics that can be measured with high accuracy by spectroscopy in Penning traps. Its value has been predicted by theory, both for the case of the free (unbound) electron and for the electron bound in a highly charged ion. Precision measurements of the electron magnetic moment yield a stringent test of these predictions and can in turn be used for a determination of fundamental constants such as the fine structure constant or the atomic mass of the electron. For the bound‐electron magnetic‐moment measurement, two complementary approaches exist, one via the so‐called “continuous Stern–Gerlach effect”, applied to ions with zero‐spin nuclei, and one a spectroscopic approach, applied to ions with nonzero nuclear spin. Here, the latter approach is detailed, and an overview of the experiment and its status is given.
Discovery of Elusive K4O6, a Compound Stabilized by Configurational Entropy of Polarons
Authors: Freysoldt Christoph , Merz Patrick , Schmidt Marcus , Mohitkar Shrikant , Felser Claudia , Neugebauer Jörg , Jansen Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSynthesis of elusive K4O6 has disclosed implications of crucial relevance for new solid materials discovery. K4O6 forms in equilibrium from K2O2 and KO2, in an all‐solid state, endothermic reaction at elevated temperature, undergoing back reaction upon cooling to ambient conditions. This tells that the compound is stabilized by entropy alone. Analyzing possible entropic contributions reveals that the configurational entropy of “localized” electrons, i.e., of polaronic quasi‐particles, provides the essential contribution to the stabilization. We corroborate this assumption by measuring the relevant heats of transformation and tracking the origin of entropy of formation computationally. These findings challenge current experimental and computational approaches towards exploring chemical systems for new materials by searching the potential energy landscape: one would fail in detecting candidates that are crucially stabilized by the configurational entropy of localized polarons.
Absorptive Hydrogen Scavenging for Enhanced Aromatics Yield During Non‐oxidative Methane Dehydroaromatization on Mo/H‐ZSM‐5 Catalysts
Authors: Kumar Anurag , Song Kepeng , Liu Lingmei , Han Yu , Bhan Aditya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAddition of Zr metal particles to MoCx/ZSM‐5 in interpellet mixtures (2:1 weight ratio) resulted in maximum single‐pass methane conversion of 27 % for dehydroaromatization at 973 K (in significant excess of the equilibrium prescribed circa 10 % conversion at these conditions) and a concurrent 1.4–5.6‐fold increase in aromatic product yields due to circumvention of thermodynamic equilibrium limitations by absorptive H2 removal by Zr while retaining cumulative aromatic product selectivity. The absorptive function of the polyfunctional catalyst formulation can be regenerated by thermal treatment in He flow at 973 K, yielding above‐equilibrium methane conversion in successive regeneration cycles. H2 uptake experiments demonstrate formation of bulk ZrH1.75 on hydrogen absorption by Zr at 973 K. Cooperation between absorption and catalytic centers distinct in location and function enables circumvention of persistent thermodynamic challenges in non‐oxidative methane dehydrogenation.
Synthesis of fluorinated polypropylene using CuAAC click chemistry
Authors: Acik G. , Cansoy C. Elif , Tasdelen M. A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTSynthesis of fluorine containing polypropylene (PPF) from chlorinated polypropylene (PPCl) via Cu(I) catalyzed Huisgen type 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) and its water repellency properties are demonstrated. Initially, clickable azido‐functional polypropylene (PPN3) and alkyne‐functionalized fluorine compound (FAl) are independently prepared by nucleophilic substitution of PPCl with azidotrimethylsilane‐tetrabutylammonium fluoride and esterification reactions of 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5‐octafluoro‐1‐pentanol with 4‐pentyonic acid. The CuAAC reaction between PPN3and FAl leads to corresponding PPF under mild conditions. The chemical structures and surface properties of desired PPF are characterized by Fourier transform infrared,1H‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, and contact angle analyses. Based on water contact angle (WCA) measurement, it is found that both PPCl and PPN3films have shown similar hydrophobicity, whereas the WCA of PPF is surprisingly decreased due to the presence of ester and triazole groups coming from FAl compound and the clicked product. This facile modification procedure could be utilized in order to alter the wetting or thermal properties of the commercial polymers for potential applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47072.
Effect of the molecular weight on the plasticization properties of poly(hexane succinate) in poly(vinyl chloride) blends
Authors: Gao Chuanhui , Wang Bo , Hu Zunfu , Liu Yuetao , Wang Huizi , Zhang Xinhua , Wu Yumin 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBlends of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(hexane succinate) (PHS) with various molecular weights were analyzed with respect to their mechanical properties, durability, and thermal stability. We found that the molecular weight of PHS played an important role in the plasticizing process, and the single glass‐transition temperature (T
g) of the PVC blends measured by dynamic mechanical analysis supported the complete miscibility between PHS and PVC. The plasticizing efficiency of PHS increased as the molecular weight increased; this reflected the gradually increasing elongation at break and the decreased T
g of the PVC blend. Meanwhile, the higher molecular weight of PHS also improved the resistance of migration and thermal stability but decreased the biodegradability of the PVC blends; this was due to the strong intermolecular interactions between PHS and PVC. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47081.
Fabrication of honeycomb‐structured protein arrays via one‐step method
Authors: Ju Yuanlai , Ding Lingyun , Zhu Jiafeng , Sun Wei 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT“Inverse emulsion”‐“breath figures” (Ie‐BF) method was introduced for fabricating porous films with protein arrays decorating the interior of the obtained polymeric pores. Compared with the traditional BF method in which only hydrophobic or amphiphilic components could be used, Ie‐BF method created a system with water phase carrying water‐soluble protein before solution casting, which makes it possible to obtain patterned protein arrays within the BF structure in one‐step. The stability of the inverse emulsion system is an intractable problem solved by high shearing emulsification. Experimental parameters, including the concentration of the matrix polymer, water/oil ratio of the IE, amount of both emulsifier and protein in IE, were evaluated for establishing an optimal condition to prepare fine BF arrays by following the Ie‐BF method. Proteins tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate were added into the emulsion to cast films, and pores efficiently enriched by proteins were revealed by the images of fluorescence microscope, indicating the successful preparation of protein arrays. Among all the approaches of establishing patterned structures of biomacromolecules, Ie‐BF shows promising potential in future applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47084.