bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the care transition from hospital to skilled nursing facility
Authors: Campbell Britton Meredith , Petersen‐Pickett Judy , Hodshon Beth , Chaudhry Sarwat I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeCare transitions between hospitals and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) are often associated with breakdowns in communication that may place patients at risk for adverse events. Less is known about how to address these issues in the context of busy patient care settings. We used process mapping to examine hospital discharge and SNF admission processes to identify opportunities for improvement.MethodsA quality improvement (QI) team worked with frontline staff to create a process map illustrating the sequence of events involved with hospital discharge and SNF admission. The project was completed at an academic medical centre and two local SNFs in the north‐eastern United States. Participants represented the care management, medicine, nursing, admissions, and physical therapy services. The data informed hospital QI interventions seeking to improve the quality and safety of hospital‐SNF transfers and reduce unplanned hospital readmissions.ResultsThe final process map highlighted numerous activities that need to be coordinated between care teams, including the time‐sensitive exchange of clinical and administrative information. Participants shared insights about how care teams reach critical decisions about patient disposition and post‐acute care utilization.ConclusionsProcess mapping highlighted specific opportunities for improving communication between care teams. Participants advocated for earlier assessments of patients' functional status and support systems, including reliable at‐home services. They also reasoned that improved communication would help patients and providers reach decisions together, coordinate work efforts, and better prepare for hospital discharge and SNF admission. This information can be used to improve patient care transitions between hospitals and SNFs.
Glial and neuronal expression of the Inward Rectifying Potassium Channel Kir7.1 in the adult mouse brain
Authors: Papanikolaou Maria , Lewis Anthony , Butt Arthur M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInward Rectifying Potassium channels (Kir) are a large family of ion channels that play key roles in ion homeostasis and neuronal excitability. The most recently described Kir subtype is Kir7.1, which is known as a K+ transporting subtype. Earlier studies localised Kir7.1 to subpopulations of neurones in the brain. However, the pattern of Kir7.1 expression across the brain has not previously been examined. Here, we have determined neuronal and glial expression of Kir7.1 in the adult mouse brain, using immunohistochemistry and transgenic mouse lines expressing reporters specific for astrocytes [glial fibrillary acidic protein‐enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFAP‐EGFP], myelinating oligodendrocytes (PLP‐DsRed), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC, Pdgfra‐creERT2/Rosa26‐YFP double‐transgenic mice) and all oligodendrocyte lineage cells (SOX10‐EGFP). The results demonstrate significant neuronal Kir7.1 immunostaining in the cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and pons, as well as the striatum and hypothalamus. In addition, astrocytes are shown to be immunopositive for Kir7.1 throughout grey and white matter, with dense immunostaining on cell somata, primary processes and perivascular end‐feet. Immunostaining for Kir7.1 was observed in oligodendrocytes, myelin and OPCs throughout the brain, although immunostaining was heterogeneous. Neuronal and glial expression of Kir7.1 is confirmed using neurone‐glial cortical cultures and optic nerve glial cultures. Notably, Kir7.1 have been shown to regulate the excitability of thalamic neurones and our results indicate this may be a widespread function of Kir7.1 in neurones throughout the brain. Moreover, based on the function of Kir7.1 in multiple transporting epithelia, Kir7.1 are likely to play an equivalent role in the primary glial function of K+ homeostasis. Our results indicate Kir7.1 are far more pervasive in the brain than previously recognised and have potential importance in regulating neuronal and glial function.
Subperiosteal injections during facial soft tissue filler injections—Is it possible?
Authors: Pavicic Tatjana , Yankova Mariya , Schenck Thilo L. , Frank Konstantin , Freytag David L. , Sykes Jonathan , Green Jeremy B. , Hamade Hassan , Casabona Gabriela , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt can be hypothesized that safety during soft tissue filler injection could be enhanced if the product could be positioned between the periosteum and the bone surface i.e. subperiosteal.AimThis study investigated the feasibilityof subperiosteal injections.Patients/MethodsWe analysed 126 injection procedures performed in seven Caucasian body donors (4 males, 3 females) with a mean age of 75.29 ± 4.95 years [range: 70 – 87] and a mean body mass index of 23.53 ± 3.96 kg/m2 [range: 16.46 – 32.23]. The injection procedures were performed in the forehead, scalp, zygomatic arch and the mandible bilaterally. Injection procedures were conducted using 25G, 27G and 30G sharp‐tip needles (TSK Laboratory, Tochigi, Japan) and at various angles from the bone surface measured with a goniometer: 90 degrees (perpendicular), 45 degrees and 10 degrees (as tangential as possible to bone surface).ResultsCadaveric dissections of the injection sites showed that no product was located deep to the periosteum in any of the investigated regions. This indicates that all performed injection procedures positioned the product superficial to the periosteum (100%) with a zero‐success rate of subperiosteal injections.ConclusionIn the setting of this cadaveric investigation, despite varying needle size and injection angle, subperiosteal injection could not be achieved. This indicates that the product can spread uncontrolled into more superficial layers yielding an increased risk for adverse aesthetic and vascular events.
Presidential Address: Collateral and Commitment
Authors: DEMARZO PETER M. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTOptimal dynamic capital structure choice is fundamentally a problem of commitment. In a standard trade‐off setting with shareholder‐debtholder agency conflicts, full commitment counterfactually predicts the firm would rely almost exclusively on debt financing. Conversely, absent commitment a Modigliani‐Miller‐like value irrelevance and policy indeterminacy result holds. Thus, the content of dynamic trade‐off theory must depend on the commitment technology. In this context, collateral is valuable as a low‐cost commitment device. Because ex ante optimal commitments are likely to be suboptimal ex post, observed capital structure dynamics will exhibit hysteresis and depart significantly from standard predictions.
Molecular diagnostics in oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders—A clinician’s guide
Authors: Yap Tami , Celentano Antonio , Seers Christine , McCullough Michael J. , Farah Camile S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurrent risk stratification of individuals for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), including those with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), remains based on clinical detection of visibly abnormal mucosa and tissue biopsy with histological assessment for the presence of OSCC or oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). In OPMD, the presence of OED remains the only prognostic tool used in standard care for the development of future OSCC, despite its ample limitations. There is assured potential that the analysis of the genome, transcripts and proteome can provide insight into what is occurring at a cellular level preceding the appearance of clinically observable change. The landscape of the role of the genome and its transcriptome on the development of OSCC and relationships with OPMDs are immense with exploration occurring on several fronts. For clinicians involved in the diagnosis and care of patients with OSCC and OPMD, understanding of commonly used molecular diagnostic techniques is imperative to gain useful insight from the expanding literature investigating the development of OSCC and the relationship with the clinical presentations which encompass OPMDs. Here we present an introduction to molecular diagnostic methods used in the study of OSCC and OPMD.
Targeted magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia for the treatment of oral cancer
Authors: Legge Christopher J. , Colley Helen E. , Lawson Michelle A. , Rawlings Andrea E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionPatients with oral squamous cell carcinoma currently experience a five‐year survival rate of approximately 60% with conventional surgical, chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments. Magnetic hyperthermia offers an alternative treatment method by utilising the heating properties of magnetic nanoparticles to produce thermal ablation of the tumour site when exposed to an alternating magnetic field. In this study, we investigate in vitro if targeted magnetic hyperthermia offers a potential treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and methodsMagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, with a biocompatible silica coating, were produced and conjugated with antibodies to target integrin αvβ6, a well‐characterised oral squamous cell carcinoma biomarker. Utilising the heating properties of the magnetic nanoparticles, we exposed them to an alternating magnetic field to produce thermo ablation of tumour cells either negative for or overexpressing integrin αvβ6.ResultsThe cell surface biomarker, αvβ6 integrin, was upregulated in tissue biopsies from oral squamous cell carcinoma patients compared to normal tissue. Functionalisation of the silica coating with anti‐αvβ6 antibodies enabled direct targeting of the nanoparticles to αvβ6 overexpressing cells and applying thermal therapy significantly increased killing of the targeted tumour cells compared to control cells.ConclusionCombining antibody‐targeting magnetic nanoparticles with thermal ablation offers a promising therapy for the targeted treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Oral submucous fibrosis in Asian countries
Authors: Peng Qian , Li Hongyuan , Chen Juan , Wang Yuehong , Tang Zhangui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, insidious, and progressive oral mucosal disease that affects entire oral cavity and sometimes pharynx. This oral potentially malignant disorder has a high rate of malignant transformation (7%‐30%) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), posing global problems for public health. Due to enormous efforts dedicated to this disease in the past decades, there have been significant advances in identification of its etiology and pathogenesis as well as development of corresponding therapeutic approaches, in spite of several challenges. This study reviewed the existing literature concerning OSF in Asian countries, encompassing its etiology, histopathology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatments. For improving treatment of OSF, the multifactorial etiology analysis, incorporation of effective molecular pathways, cytokines and cells for mechanism illustration, and integration of multidisciplinary modalities were also expounded to guide future research and clinical practice.
Optimal fiscal policy in a model with inherited aspirations and habit formation
Authors: Bouché Stéphane , De Miguel Carlos 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze optimal fiscal policies in an overlapping generations framework, where preferences exhibit aspirations in consumption and environmental quality as well as habit formation. We focus on the second best policies when the government needs to finance a given stream of public expenditures by using distortionary taxes. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions under which the competitive equilibrium is characterized by levels of capital and environmental quality that are too small and a level of labor supply that is too large. Our numerical simulations show that an optimal fiscal policy can be used as an effective stabilization device and that when consumption taxes are fixed, the planner implements maintenance investment and capital income subsidies while financing public spending through labor and fixed consumption taxes.
Repeated jumps from Northwest Africa to the European continent: The case of peripheral populations of an annual plant
Authors: Valtueña Francisco Javier , Fernández‐Mazuecos Mario , Rodríguez‐Riaño Tomás , López Josefa , Ortega‐Olivencia Ana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeripheral populations (i.e., those occurring on the edge of a species’ distribution range) can have different origins and genetic characteristics, and they may be critical for the conservation of genetic diversity. We investigated European peripheral populations of Scrophularia arguta, a widespread, annual plant distributed from Arabia to Northwest Africa and Macaronesia. Only two small disjunct population groups of this species occur in Europe, specifically in West‐Central and Southeast Iberia. To disclose the origin of these populations and determine their importance for the conservation of S. arguta genetic diversity, we analyzed DNA sequences from two nuclear and two plastid regions and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers in populations sampled mainly across the western distribution range of the species, and modeled the species distribution under present and late Quaternary conditions. The analyses revealed the presence of three distinct lineages of S. arguta in Europe, as a result of multiple colonization waves at different times in the Quaternary. Two of these lineages, occurring in Southeast Iberia, are the result of more or less recent dispersal from Northwest Africa. In contrast, West‐Central Iberian populations are strongly differentiated from the remaining range of S. arguta and can be considered as peripheral relict populations. Our study is the first to demonstrate the occurrence of at least three colonizations of the European continent from Africa by a native plant species. The diverse histories and genetic makeup of the resulting populations confirm the importance of peripheral populations, and particularly of ancient relict populations, for the conservation of global genetic diversity in widespread species.
Lecanosticta acicola: A growing threat to expanding global pine forests and plantations
Authors: van der Nest Ariska , Wingfield Michael J. , Janoušek Josef , Barnes Irene 
Published: July 2019

SummaryLecanosticta acicolacauses brown spot needle blight (BSNB) ofPinusspecies. The pathogen occurs mostly in the Northern Hemisphere but has also been reported in Central America and Colombia. BSNB can lead to stunted growth and tree mortality, and has resulted in severe damage to pine plantations in the past. There have been increasingly frequent new reports of this pathogen in Europe and in North America during the course of the past 10 years. This is despite the fact that quarantine practices and eradication protocols are in place to prevent its spread.TaxonomyKingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Subphylum Pezizomycotina; Class Dothideomycetes; Subclass Dothideomycetidae; Order Capniodales; Family Mycosphaerellaceae; GenusLecanosticta.Host range and distributionLecanostictaspp. occur on variousPinusspecies and are found in North America, Central America, South America (Colombia), Europe as well as Asia.Disease symptomsSmall yellow irregular spots appear on the infected pine needles that become brown over time. They can be surrounded by a yellow halo. These characteristic brown spots develop to form narrow brown bands that result in needle death from the tips down to the point of infection. Needles are prematurely shed, leaving bare branches with tufts of new needles at the branch tips. Infection is usually most severe in the lower parts of the trees and progresses upwards into the canopies.Useful websitesThe EPPO global database providing information onL. acicola(https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/SCIRAC)Reference genome ofL. acicolaavailable on GenBank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/?term=Lecanosticta+acicola)JGI Gold Genome database information sheet ofL. acicolasequenced genome (https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/organism?xml:id=Go0047147)
Lateral root initiation requires the sequential induction of transcription factors LBD16 and PUCHI in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Goh Tatsuaki , Toyokura Koichi , Yamaguchi Nobutoshi , Okamoto Yoshie , Uehara Takeo , Kaneko Shutaro , Takebayashi Yumiko , Kasahara Hiroyuki , Ikeyama Yoshifumi , Okushima Yoko , Nakajima Keiji , Mimura Tetsuro , Tasaka Masao , Fukaki Hidehiro 
Published: July 2019

Summary

Lateral root (LR) formation in Arabidopsis thaliana is initiated by asymmetric division of founder cells, followed by coordinated cell proliferation and differentiation for patterning new primordia. The sequential developmental processes of LR formation are triggered by a localized auxin response. LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES‐DOMAIN 16 (LBD16), an auxin‐inducible transcription factor, is one of the key regulators linking auxin response in LR founder cells to LR initiation.

We identified key genes for LR formation that are activated by LBD16 in an auxin‐dependent manner. LBD16 targets identified include the transcription factor gene PUCHI, which is required for LR primordium patterning. We demonstrate that LBD16 activity is required for the auxin‐inducible expression of PUCHI.

We show that PUCHI expression is initiated after the first round of asymmetric cell division of LR founder cells and that premature induction of PUCHI during the preinitiation phase disrupts LR primordium formation.

Our results indicate that LR initiation requires the sequential induction of transcription factors LBD16 and PUCHI.
A perspective on risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma: emphasis on Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Kountouras Jannis , Doulberis Michael , Papaefthymiou Apostolis , Polyzos Stergios A. , Vardaka Elizabeth , Tzivras Dimitri , Dardiotis Efthimios , Deretzi Georgia , Giartza‐Taxidou Evaggelia , Grigoriadis Savas , Katsinelos Panagiotis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the increasing rate of its associated complications, including esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), has stimulated a plethora of studies attempting to evaluate provocative and protective factors. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection (Hp‐I) was initially considered as a beneficial condition in GERD management based on rather limited data. Large‐scale regional studies revealed an alternative approach, by suggesting a positive relationship between Hp‐I and EAC development. Regarding pathophysiology, Hp‐I induces gastric microbiota disturbances through hypochlorhydria and chronic inflammation, with a subsequent possible effect on the GERD−Barrett's esophagus (BE)−EAC cascade. Additionally, both direct effects on esophageal mucosa and indirect effects on known mechanisms of GERD, such as acid pocket and transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, remain to be elucidated. Hp contribution to carcinogenesis is related to oncogenic gastrin, cyclooxygenase‐2, and prostaglandins; Ki‐67 is also expressed and represents an index of BE‐related malignancy. Moreover, Hp‐I is vigorously suggested as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome, which may be the link between Hp‐I and EAC. Although further studies are necessary to establish a pathophysiologic risk between Hp‐I and the GERD−BE−EAC sequence, the theory of Hp protection against GERD seems outdated.
Defining mentoring: a literature review of issues, types, and applications
Authors: Mullen Carol A. , Klimaitis Cindy C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis literature review of contemporary mentoring delineates mentoring definitions and anchors these with explanatory discourse. Select empirical studies spanning 1983–2019 were analyzed, with a focus on education across grade levels. Alternative mentoring issues, types, and applications, also located, are integral to this discussion. While researchers describe what mentoring is, it is also important to clarify what it is not. Traditional definitions of mentoring have been losing traction, with mentoring alternatives forging new possibilities within changing learning and work environments. Contexts of mentoring include a personal–professional relationship to an educational process; an organizational, cultural, and global context; and a systemic reform strategy that builds human capacity. This complex definitional terrain is situated within theoretical mentoring frameworks. Mentoring as deep, equitable learning with social transformative value is illustrated. Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and other educational examples serve this purpose. Challenges to the field from alternative mentoring theory are discussed for transparency around meanings of mentoring and contributions that advance socially just relationships, organizations, and cultures. The article provides a timely and needed framework to discriminate and differentiate mentoring from other developmental relationships.
VpSTS29/STS2 enhances fungal tolerance in grapevine through a positive feedback loop
Authors: Xu Weirong , Ma Fuli , Li Ruimin , Zhou Qi , Yao Wenkong , Jiao Yuntong , Zhang Chaohong , Zhang Jianxia , Wang Xiping , Xu Yan , Wang Yuejin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAccumulation of stilbene phytoalexins stimulates resistance mechanisms against the grapevine fungus Uncinula necator. However, the defensive mechanisms triggered by stilbene synthase (STS) genes, remain largely unknown. Here, we report the function and molecular mechanism of the stilbene synthase gene VpSTS29/STS2 from Vitis pseudoreticulata in the regulation of plant responses to powdery mildew. Stilbene synthesis occurred mainly in root tips and mesophyll cells of transgenic grapevines via transport through the vascular bundles. Overexpression of VpSTS29/STS2 in Vitis vinifera increased the abundance of STSs in mesophyll tissue and resulted in the accumulation of biologically active resveratrol derivatives at the invasion site. Similarly, expression of VpSTS29/STS2 in Arabidopsis increased resistance to Golovinomyces cichoracearum. The VpSTS29/STS2‐expressing Arabidopsis lines showed increased piceid accumulation together with more local hypersensitive reactions, inhibition of mycelial growth, and a reduced incidence of pathogens. Transcriptome profiling analyses demonstrated that VpSTS29/STS2‐induced defences led to reprograming of global gene expression and activation of salicylic acid (SA) signalling, thus increasing expression of WRKY‐MYB transcription factors and other defence response genes. We propose a model for resveratrol‐mediated coordination of defence responses in which SA participates in a positive feedback loop.