bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoinformatics design of a multi-epitope vaccine for Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane proteins
Authors: Shetty Seema , Dash Swagatika , Kumar Avinash , Vishwanath Shashidhar , Kini Suvarna G. , Brand Angela 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChlamydia trachomatis (CT) remains a significant infectious cause of blindness and sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The objective and novelty of this study lie in using different serovars of CT to design a broad-spectrum multi-epitope vaccine that might confer immunity against different CT infections. As the major outer membrane protein in CT has good immunodominance properties and high conservation and also determines the several serotypes of CT, it is selected as an antibody target in this study. T-cell and B-cell epitopes from serovars A, B, D, E, L1, and L2 were predicted and combined into a single construct by incorporating adjuvants and linkers to enhance immunogenicity and stability. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the constructed vaccine’s anti-allergic, immunogenicity, and thermostable characteristics, followed by structural modeling to refine its 3D configuration. The 3D model structure of the vaccine was validated through the Ramachandran plot and ProSA z-score. Molecular docking studies of the vaccine demonstrated stable binding with toll-like receptor 3, along with molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations supporting the complex’s stability. In silico cloning has indicated a high potential for expression in Escherichia coli. Lastly, immune simulations revealed robust activation of B cells, cytotoxic T cells, and antigen-presenting cells, alongside significant production of IgM, IgG antibodies, and balanced Th1/Th2 cytokine response, which is crucial for effective immunity. These results suggest the multi-epitope vaccine could effectively induce comprehensive immune responses against CT, highlighting the need for further in vivo validation to advance this promising candidate toward clinical use.
Attitudes of Teachers, Students, and the Public Toward Stuttering in India: A Comparison
Authors: Veerabhadrappa Rakesh Chowkalli , Dhrruvakumar Shubhaganga , Manjunatha Chaithanyanayaka , Sulthana Hani , Maruthy Santosh , St. Louis Kenneth O. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
People who stutter experience societal misconceptions and negative stereotypes due to cultural prejudices. The present study aimed to compare attitudes toward stuttering of Indian teachers, students, and members of the public and to further compare their attitudes to comparable samples regionally and internationally.

Method:

Five hundred eighteen adults completed the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering (POSHA-S), translated into Kannada, which was analyzed according to standard protocol. Summary and selected item scores were compared from samples of teachers (
n
= 125), students (
n
= 233), and the public (
n
= 160). Additionally, the scores were compared to those from South Asian samples and an international POSHA-S database.

Results:
Teachers in the current study had the most positive stuttering attitudes, followed by the public and then by students. The summary attitude scores obtained by all three groups were more positive attitudes compared to other South Asian samples and either similar to or slightly less positive than the international POSHA-S database average sample rating. Education and income were small but significant predictors of more—or less—positive attitudes, but gender, age, and familiarity with stuttering were not.

Conclusions:
While teachers demonstrated a greater understanding of stuttering compared to the public and students, the lack of understanding among the latter groups highlights the need for increased awareness and education about stuttering across various segments of society. Negative social reactions toward stuttering, observed in different cultural contexts, further emphasize the need for awareness about stuttering.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27855195
An Anechoic, High-Fidelity, Multidirectional Speech Corpus
Authors: Miller Margaret K. , Delaram Vahid , Trine Allison , Ananthanarayana Rohit M. , Buss Emily , Monson Brian B. , Stecker G. Christopher 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
We currently lack speech testing materials faithful to broader aspects of real-world auditory scenes such as speech directivity and extended high frequency (EHF; > 8 kHz) content that have demonstrable effects on speech perception. Here, we describe the development of a multidirectional, high-fidelity speech corpus using multichannel anechoic recordings that can be used for future studies of speech perception in complex environments by diverse listeners.

Design:
Fifteen male and 15 female talkers (21.3–60.5 years) recorded Bamford-Kowal-Bench (BKB) Standard Sentence Test lists, digits 0–10, and a 2.5-min unscripted narrative. Recordings were made in an anechoic chamber with 17 free-field condenser microphones spanning 0°–180° azimuth angle around the talker using a 48 kHz sampling rate.

Results:
Recordings resulted in a large corpus containing four BKB lists, 10 digits, and narratives produced by 30 talkers, and an additional 17 BKB lists (21 total) produced by a subset of six talkers.

Conclusions:
The goal of this study was to create an anechoic, high-fidelity, multidirectional speech corpus using standard speech materials. More naturalistic narratives, useful for the creation of babble noise and speech maskers, were also recorded. A large group of 30 talkers permits testers to select speech materials based on talker characteristics relevant to a specific task. The resulting speech corpus allows for more diverse and precise speech recognition testing, including testing effects of speech directivity and EHF content. Recordings are publicly available.
Prescribed‐time event‐triggered formation control of heterogeneous multi‐agent system under actuator faults and external disturbances
Authors: Zheng Leyi , Zhou Yimin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this article, the problem of the prescribed‐time formation control for the heterogeneous multi‐agent systems (MASs) under actuator faults and external disturbances with sampling‐data settings is discussed. A sufficient condition for the MASs to globally converge to a bounded neighborhood within a prescribed time is given, which can ensure the formation control performance of the MASs with actuator faults. Further, an event‐triggered communication mechanism based on the sampled data is designed to reduce the communication burden. Such a triggering mechanism allows for adjusting the triggering interval to a certain extent while ensuring that the Zeno phenomenon is excluded for each agent. To mitigate the impact of the actuator faults and external disturbances on the system formation control, an actuator fault estimator is designed along with a prescribed‐time state observer to estimate the state of each agent. Then an adaptive control strategy is developed so that the MASs can achieve the desired formation within a prescribed time under the actuator faults and external disturbances. Simulation results are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Pulsating ultraluminous X-ray sources: Modeling the thermal emission and polarization properties
Authors: Conforti S. , Zampieri L. , Taverna R. , Turolla R. , Brice N. , Pintore F. , Israel G. L. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are enigmatic sources first discovered in the 1980s in external galaxies. They are characterized by their extraordinarily high X-ray luminosity, which often exceeds 1040 erg s−1.
Aims. Our study aims to obtain more information about pulsating ULXs (PULXs), first of all, their viewing geometry, since it affects almost all the observables, such as the flux, the pulsed fraction, the polarization degree (PD), and polarization angle (PA).
Methods. We present a simplified model, which primarily describes the thermal emission from an accreting, highly magnetized neutron star, simulating the contributions of an accretion disk and an accretion envelope surrounding the star magnetosphere, both described by a multicolor blackbody. Numerical calculations are used to determine the flux, PD, and PA of the emitted radiation, considering various viewing geometries. The model predictions are then compared to the observed spectra of two PULXs, M51 ULX-7 and NGC 7793 P13.
Results. We identified the best fitting geometries for these sources, obtaining values of the pulsed fraction and the temperature at the inner radius of the disk compatible with those obtained from previous works. We also found that measuring the polarization observables can give considerable additional information on the source.
Gravitational wave memory imprints on the CMB from populations of massive black hole mergers
Authors: Zwick Lorenz , O’Neill David , Hendriks Kai , Kirkeberg Philip , Miravet-Tenés Miquel 
Published: December 2024

Aims. Our aim is to showcase and characterise the rich phenomenology of temperature fluctuation patterns that are imprinted on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by the gravitational wave memory (GWM) of massive black hole mergers.
Methods. We analysed both individual binaries as well as populations of binaries, distributed in local cosmological boxes at a given redshift.
Results. The magnitude of the temperature fluctuations scales primarily as a function of binary total mass and pattern angular scale, and accumulates as a random-walk process when populations of mergers are considered. Fluctuations of order ∼10−12 K are reached across scales of ∼1′ to ∼1° for realistic volumetric merger rates of 10−3 Mpc−3 Gyr−1, as is appropriate for massive galaxies at z = 1. We determined numerically that GWM temperature fluctuations result in a universal power spectrum with a scaling of P(k)∝k−2.7.
Conclusions. While not detectable given the limitations of current all-sky CMB surveys, our work explicitly shows how every black hole merger in the Universe left us its unique faint signature.
LOFAR Deep Fields: Probing the sub-mJy regime of polarized extragalactic sources in ELAIS-N1
Authors: Piras S. , Horellou C. , Conway J. E. , Thomasson M. , Shimwell T. W. , O’Sullivan S. P. , Carretti E. , Vacca V. , Bonafede A. , Prandoni I. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Deep polarization surveys at low radio frequencies are key to cosmic magnetism studies: Larger catalogs of polarized extra-galactic sources and increased precision on Faraday rotation measures (RMs) make it possible to probe the magneto-ionic medium along the lines of sight of the sources and to construct denser RM grids. In a first paper, we presented a search for polarized sources in deep observations of the 25-square-degree area of the European Large Area ISO Survey-North 1 (ELAIS-N1) field with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) at 114.9-177.4 MHz.
Aims. In this paper, we investigate the properties of the polarized radio galaxies and use the catalog to produce an RM grid of the field.
Methods. After identifying the host galaxies and collecting redshift information, we characterized the radio galaxies in terms of their radio morphologies, rest-frame radio luminosities, and linear sizes. We calculated residual rotation measures (RRMs) by removing the Galactic RM and studied the variation in the RRMs with redshift and degree of polarization. We produced an RRM grid of the field and compared the positions of the polarized sources with those of galaxy clusters and superclusters.
Results. The radio galaxies show a variety of morphologies, including diffuse emission; Fanaroff Riley type II sources make up about half of the sample. Using available multiband catalogs, we found redshifts for the hosts of all polarized sources in the range of 0.06-1.9. Polarized emission is detected mainly from large radio galaxies. The RRM values have a median close to zero, and they appear to be independent of redshift and degree of polarization. The sources in the lines of sight of clusters of galaxies and of a supercluster are indistinguishable in their polarization and RRM properties from the population of sources that are not behind these structures.
Fast measurement of group index variation with optimum precision using Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometry
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Kumar Vimlesh , Samanta G. K. 
Published: December 2024

Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interferometry has emerged as a valuable means for quantum sensing applications, particularly in measuring physical parameters that influence the relative optical delay between photon pairs. Unlike classical techniques, HOM-based quantum sensors offer higher resolution due to the intrinsic dispersion cancellation property of correlated photon pairs. Due to the use of single photons, HOM-based quantum sensors typically involve a large integration time to acquire the signal and subsequent post-processing for high-resolution measurements, restricting their use for real-time operations. Based on our understanding of the relationship between measurement resolution and the gain medium length that produces photon pairs, we report here on the development of an HOM-based quantum sensor for high-precision group index measurements. Using a 1 mm long periodically poled KTP (PPKTP) crystal for photon-pair generation, we have measured the group index with a precision of ∼6.75×10−6 per centimeter of sample length at an integration time of 100 ms, surpassing the previous reports by 400%. Typically, the measurement range reduces with the increase in the resolution. However, using a novel scheme compensating photon delay due to group index changes stepwise with an optical delay stage, we have measured the group index variation of PPKTP crystal over a range of 3.5 × 10−3 for a temperature change from 25 to 200 °C, corresponding to an optical delay adjustment of ∼200 μm while maintaining the same precision (∼6.75×10−6 per centimeter of sample length). The current results establish the usefulness of HOM-interferometer-based quantum sensors for fast, precise, and long-range measurements in various applications, including quantum optical coherence tomography.
Signature of Superconductivity in Pressurized Trilayer-Nickelate Pr4Ni3O10–δ
Authors: Huang 黄 Xing 星 , Zhang 张 Hengyuan 恒源 , Li 李 Jingyuan 婧嫄 , Huo 霍 Mengwu 梦五 , Chen 陈 Junfeng 俊峰 , Qiu 邱 Zhengyang 钲阳 , Ma 马 Peiyue 培跃 , Huang 黄 Chaoxin 潮欣 , Sun 孙 Hualei 华蕾 , Wang 王 Meng 猛 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in La3Ni2O7 and La4Ni3O10 under pressure has garnered extensive attention. Herein, we report systematic investigations on the structure, magnetism, and electrical resistance evolutions of Pr4Ni3O10–δ
polycrystalline samples under various pressures. Pr4Ni3O10–δ
exhibits density wave transitions on Ni and Pr sublattices at approximately 157.6 and 4.3 K, respectively. The density wave can be progressively suppressed by pressure. A structural transformation from the monoclinic P21/a space group to the tetragonal I4/mmm occurs around 20 GPa. An apparent drop in resistance with an evident magnetic field dependence is observed at pressures above 20 GPa, indicating the emergence of superconductivity. The discovery of superconductivity in Pr4Ni3O10–δ
broadens the family of nickelate superconductors. Pr4Ni3O10–δ
provides a new platform for investigation of the mechanisms of superconductivity in the Ruddlesden–Popper phases of nickelates.
A new search for the variation of fundamental constants using the rovibrational levels and isotope effects of the magnesium fluoride molecule
Authors: Wu 吴 Di 迪 , Wei 魏 Jin 晋 , Dong 董 Taojing 涛晶 , Zu 祖 Chenyu 晨宇 , Xia 夏 Yong 勇 , Yin 印 Jianping 建平 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The recently demonstrated methods for cooling and trapping diatomic molecules offer new possibilities for precision searches in fundamental physical theories. Here, we propose to study the variations of the fine-structure constant (α = e
2/(ℏc)) and the proton-to-electron mass ratio (μ = m
p/m
e) with time by taking advantage of the nearly degenerate rovibrational levels in the electronic states of the magnesium fluoride (MgF) molecule. Specifically, due to the cancellation between the fine-structure splitting and the rovibrational intervals in the different MgF natural isotopes, a degeneracy occurs for A2 Π3/2 (v′ = 0, J′ = 18.5, −) and A2Π1/2 (v″ = 0, J″ = 20.5, −). We find that using the nearly degenerate energy level of such states can be 104 times more sensitive than using a pure rotational transition to measure the variations of α and μ. To quantify the small gap between A2Π3/2 (v′ = 0, J′ = 18.5, −) and A2 Π1/2 (v″ = 0, J″ = 20.5, −), special transitions of choice are feasible:

X
2

Σ

1
/
2

+

(v = 0, J = 19.5, +) to A2Π3/2 (v′ = 0, J′ = 18.5, −) and

X
2

Σ

1
/
2

+

(v = 0, J = 19.5, +) to A2Π1/2 (v″ = 0, J″ = 20.5, −). In addition, we estimate the frequency uncertainties caused by the narrow linewidth, Zeeman shift, Stark shift, Doppler broadening and blackbody radiation.
When neuromodulation met control theory
Authors: Guidotti Roberto , Basti Alessio , Pieramico Giulia , D’Andrea Antea , Makkinayeri Saeed , Pettorruso Mauro , Roine Timo , Ziemann Ulf , Ilmoniemi Risto J , Luca Romani Gian , Pizzella Vittorio , Marzetti Laura 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The brain is a highly complex physical system made of assemblies of neurons that work together to accomplish elaborate tasks such as motor control, memory and perception. How these parts work together has been studied for decades by neuroscientists using neuroimaging, psychological manipulations, and neurostimulation. Neurostimulation has gained particular interest, given the possibility to perturb the brain and elicit a specific response. This response depends on different parameters such as the intensity, the location and the timing of the stimulation. However, most of the studies performed so far used previously established protocols without considering the ongoing brain activity and, thus, without adaptively targeting the stimulation. In control theory, this approach is called open-loop control, and it is always paired with a different form of control called closed-loop, in which the current activity of the brain is used to establish the next stimulation. Recently, neuroscientists are beginning to shift from classical fixed neuromodulation studies to closed-loop experiments. This new approach allows the control of brain activity based on responses to stimulation and thus to personalize individual treatment in clinical conditions. Here, we review this new approach by introducing control theory and focusing on how these aspects are applied in brain studies. We also present the different stimulation techniques and the control approaches used to steer the brain. Finally, we explore how the closed-loop framework will revolutionize the way the human brain can be studied, including a discussion on open questions and an outlook on future advances.
Optimal convergence of arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element methods for the Stokes equations in an evolving domain
Authors: Rao Qiqi , Wang Jilu , Xie Yupei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The numerical solution of the Stokes equations in an evolving domain with a moving boundary is studied based on the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element method along the trajectories of the evolving mesh, where the Taylor–Hood finite elements of degree $r\ge 2$ is employed for spatial discretization. The error of the semidiscrete arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method is proved to be $O(h^{r+1})$ for velocity approximation in $ L^{\infty }(0,T;L^{2}) $ norm and $ O (h^{r}) $ for pressure approximation in $ L^{2}(0,T;L^{2}) $ norm, respectively. The analyses are based on a Nitsche’s duality argument adapted to an evolving mesh, by proving that the material derivative and the Stokes–Ritz projection commute up to terms that have optimal-order convergence in the $L^{2}$ norm. Numerical examples are provided to support the theoretical analysis.
Using a Popular Video Platform to Assess Patient Perceptions of Clubfoot Deformity
Authors: Al Ramlawi Akram , Over Daniel J. , Assayag Michael , McClure Philip 
Published: December 2024

Background:
In today’s world, individuals receive much of their medical information from the Internet, including social media platforms such as the increasingly popular TikTok, a video-sharing site. This study’s purpose was to better understand the content popular online regarding clubfoot deformity.

Methods:
The 50 most viewed, English language videos on TikTok with the tags #clubfootjourney, #talipes, #clubfootcast, #clubfoottreatment, and #clubfoot were identified and independently evaluated by 2 separate reviewers for creator demographics, video type, and prominent themes. Videos were also assessed for medical accuracy and given a score for understandability and actionability based on the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT).

Results:
In total, the videos had 87.7 million views, 3.8 million “likes”, and 42.1 thousand comments. Health care professionals created 10% of the videos, and only 1 video was made by an orthopaedic surgeon. Of all the videos, including those created by non-health-care professionals, 82% included medically substantiated and accurate claims. A majority of the videos were primarily educational (70%), with the remainder primarily motivational (30%). Tone varied between positive (74%), and neutral (26%) with no negative tone although most watched videos accounting for 30 million views were primarily motivational. Prominent themes included casting journey (32%), medical education/demonstration (22%), and adults with clubfoot deformity (12%). Ideas such as fear, pain, and discomfort (55%), the importance of family support (25%), and hygiene (20%) were also represented. None of the videos exhibited themes of race in medicine or socioeconomic barriers. All videos were also found to have an average understandability of 74.3% and an average actionability of 36.3%, according to the PEMAT.

Conclusions:
The substantial number of views and “likes” accumulated by these videos highlights the breadth of content and utilization of social media by the public. This study reveals an opportunity for health care professionals to reach patients with accurate information, identify areas of fear/distrust, and address negative or incorrect perceptions that pervades a variety of interventions with regards to clubfoot deformity management and treatment.