bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edge effects on beetle assemblages in an Atlantic forest fragment and pasture in Sergipe, Brazil
Authors: Dantas José Oliveira , Ferreira Adeilma Nascimento , Oliveira Ingrid Ruany Pimentel , Alves Moisés Oliveira , Ribeiro Genésio Tâmara , Araújo-Piovezan Talita Guimarães de 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The advancement of agricultural frontiers and pastures has contributed to the fragmentation of the forest, and these fragments are affected by disturbances of varying degrees of intensity that influence the local fauna and flora. The objective of this work was to analyze how do the magnitude and extent of edge effects and seasonality chance to richness and abundance of beetle. The experiment was conducted in an area containing forest, border and pasture belonging to the Federal Institute of Sergipe. A total of 1,173 specimens from 16 species were collected. The border areas showed a greater richness and abundance of species characterized by being an area of intermediate disturbance, while the anthropic area (pasture) presented the lowest abundance and abundance of Coleoptera and a greater variety of pest beetles, suggesting that the occurrence of some species of pest beetles may be an indication of degraded areas. The abundance and richness of the coleoptera community decreased in the rainy season. Small distances between the pasture, the edge of the forest fragment and the interior of this fragment seem to be crucial to determine the structure of the beetle community, reinforcing attention to the conservation of habitats for its development.Efeitos de borda sobre assembleias de besouros em fragmento de Mata Atlântica e pastagem em Sergipe, Brasil Resumo. O avanço das fronteiras agrícolas e das pastagens contribuiu para a fragmentação da mata, e estes fragmentos são afetados por distúrbios de diferentes graus de intensidade que influenciam a fauna e a flora local. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar como a magnitude e extensão do efeito de borda e a sazonalidade influencia na riqueza e abundância de besouros. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área contendo mata, borda e pastagem pertencente ao Instituto Federal de Sergipe. Foram coletados 1.173 espécimes pertencentes a 16 espécies.As áreas de borda se destacaram apresentando maior riqueza e abundância de espécies caracterizada por ser uma área de distúrbio intermediário, enquanto que a área antropizada (pastagem) apresentou a menor riqueza e abundância de Coleópteros e maior variedade de besouros pragas, sugerindo que a ocorrência de algumas espécies de besouros-praga pode ser uma indicação de áreas degradadas. A abundância e riqueza da comunidade de coleópteros diminuíram na estação chuvosa. Pequenas distâncias entre o pasto, a borda do fragmento florestal e o interior deste fragmento parecem ser cruciais para determinar a estrutura da comunidade de besouros, reforçando a atenção à conservação de habitats para seu desenvolvimento.
Accelerated detection and treatment of atrial fibrillation in stroke patients by changing clinical pathways
Authors: Bourke Paula , Joseph Sujatha , Akhtar Naveed , Morgan Deborah , Santos Mark , Shuaib Ashfaq 
Published: April 2018

Aim and objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF), a major cause of thromboembolic stroke, is under-detected. Our aim was to compare the established pathway of AF detection, reporting to point-of-treatment decision, with a pilot pathway coordinated by the clinical nurse specialists (CNS) for stroke in Qatar. Methods: The established system uses traditional holter monitors, attached by a technician. The report is sent to cardio-electrophysiology physicians, and then uploaded onto electronic records. The piloted stroke system used a cardiac monitoring device capable of prolonged recording. The device is calibrated, downloaded, reviewed and uploaded onto electronic records by the CNS. Results: 319 holters were requested during the 6-month pilot period, 217 via the stroke cardiac monitor service (SCMS) and 102 via the hospital holter monitor service (HHMS). Sixty-two percent of the SCMS reports were attached within 24 hours of admission compared to 31% of the HHMS reports. The reports were available within 48 hours in 2% of patients in the HHMS as compared to 76% with SCMS. The time from detachment to the consultant's decision was 2.6 days in SCMS versus 18.4 days in the HHMS. Conclusion: Utilising the skills of the CNS team for the application, interpretation and reporting provided a more efficient service with improved initiation of anticoagulation treatment for patients.
Characterization of Human Salivary Extracellular RNA by Next-generation Sequencing
Authors: Li Feng , Kaczor-Urbanowicz Karolina Elżbieta , Sun Jie , Majem Blanca , Lo Hsien-Chun , Kim Yong , Koyano Kikuye , Rao Shannon Liu , Kang So Young , Kim Su Mi , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Kim Sung , Chia David , Elashoff David , Grogan Tristan R , Xiao Xinshu , Wong David T W 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
It was recently discovered that abundant and stable extracellular RNA (exRNA) species exist in bodily fluids. Saliva is an emerging biofluid for biomarker development for noninvasive detection and screening of local and systemic diseases. Use of RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to profile exRNA is rapidly growing; however, no single preparation and analysis protocol can be used for all biofluids. Specifically, RNA-Seq of saliva is particularly challenging owing to high abundance of bacterial contents and low abundance of salivary exRNA. Given the laborious procedures needed for RNA-Seq library construction, sequencing, data storage, and data analysis, saliva-specific and optimized protocols are essential.

METHODS
We compared different RNA isolation methods and library construction kits for long and small RNA sequencing. The role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) depletion also was evaluated.

RESULTS
The miRNeasy Micro Kit (Qiagen) showed the highest total RNA yield (70.8 ng/mL cell-free saliva) and best small RNA recovery, and the NEBNext library preparation kits resulted in the highest number of detected human genes [5649–6813 at 1 reads per kilobase RNA per million mapped (RPKM)] and small RNAs [482–696 microRNAs (miRNAs) and 190–214 other small RNAs]. The proportion of human RNA-Seq reads was much higher in rRNA-depleted saliva samples (41%) than in samples without rRNA depletion (14%). In addition, the transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived RNA fragments (tRFs), a novel class of small RNAs, were highly abundant in human saliva, specifically tRF-4 (4%) and tRF-5 (15.25%).

CONCLUSIONS
Our results may help in selection of the best adapted methods of RNA isolation and small and long RNA library constructions for salivary exRNA studies.
Phasic Stimulation of Midbrain Dopamine Neuron Activity Reduces Salt Consumption
Authors: Sandhu Eleanor C. , Fernando Anushka B. P. , Irvine Elaine E. , Tossell Kyoko , Kokkinou Michelle , Glegola Justyna , Smith Mark A. , Howes Oliver D. , Withers Dominic J. , Ungless Mark A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSalt intake is an essential dietary requirement, but excessive consumption is implicated in hypertension and associated conditions. Little is known about the neural circuit mechanisms that control motivation to consume salt, although the midbrain dopamine system, which plays a key role in other reward-related behaviors, has been implicated. We, therefore, examined the effects on salt consumption of either optogenetic excitation or chemogenetic inhibition of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons in male mice. Strikingly, optogenetic excitation of dopamine neurons decreased salt intake in a rapid and reversible manner, despite a strong salt appetite. Importantly, optogenetic excitation was not aversive, did not induce hyperactivity, and did not alter salt concentration preferences in a need-free state. In addition, we found that chemogenetic inhibition of dopamine neurons had no effect on salt intake. Lastly, optogenetic excitation of dopamine neurons reduced consumption of sucrose following an overnight fast, suggesting a more general role of VTA dopamine neuron excitation in organizing motivated behaviors.
MCU Interacts with Miro1 to Modulate Mitochondrial Functions in Neurons
Authors: Niescier Robert F. , Hong Kido , Park Dongkeun , Min Kyung-Tai 
Published: April 2018

Mitochondrial Ca2+uptake is gated by the mitochondrial calcium uniplex, which is comprised of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), the Ca2+pore-forming subunit of the complex, and its regulators. Ca2+influx through MCU affects both mitochondrial function and movement in neurons, but its direct role in mitochondrial movement has not been explored. In this report, we show a link between MCU and Miro1, a membrane protein known to regulate mitochondrial movement. We find that MCU interacts with Miro1 through MCU's N-terminal domain, previously thought to be the mitochondrial targeting sequence. Our results show that the N-terminus of MCU has a transmembrane domain that traverses the outer mitochondrial membrane, which is dispensable for MCU localization into mitochondria. However, this domain is required for Miro1 interaction and is critical for Miro1 directed movement. Together, our findings reveal Miro1 as a new component of the MCU complex, and that MCU is an important regulator of mitochondrial transport.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMitochondrial calcium level is critical for mitochondrial metabolic activity and mitochondrial transport in neurons. While it has been established that calcium influx into mitochondria is modulated by mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, how MCU regulates mitochondrial movement still remains unclear. Here, we discover that the N-terminus of MCU plays a different role than previously thought; it is not required for mitochondrial targeting but is essential for interaction with Miro1, an outer mitochondrial membrane protein important for mitochondrial movement. Furthermore, we show that MCU–Miro1 interaction is required to maintain mitochondrial transport. Our data identify that Miro1 is a novel component of the mitochondrial calcium uniplex and demonstrate that coupling between MCU and Miro1 as a novel mechanism modulating both mitochondrial Ca2+uptake and mitochondrial transport.
Neural Representations of Sensorimotor Memory- and Digit Position-Based Load Force Adjustments Before the Onset of Dexterous Object Manipulation
Authors: Marneweck Michelle , Barany Deborah A. , Santello Marco , Grafton Scott T. 
Published: April 2018

Anticipatory load forces for dexterous object manipulation in humans are modulated based on visual object property cues, sensorimotor memories of previous experiences with the object, and, when digit positioning varies from trial to trial, the integrating of this sensed variability with force modulation. Studies of the neural representations encoding these anticipatory mechanisms have not considered these mechanisms separately from each other or from feedback mechanisms emerging after lift onset. Here, representational similarity analyses of fMRI data were used to identify neural representations of sensorimotor memories and the sensing and integration of digit position. Cortical activity and movement kinematics were measured as 20 human subjects (11 women) minimized tilt of a symmetrically shaped object with a concealed asymmetric center of mass (CoM, left and right sided). This task required generating compensatory torques in opposite directions, which, without helpful visual CoM cues, relied primarily on sensorimotor memories of the same object and CoM. Digit position was constrained or unconstrained, the latter of which required modulating forces beyond what can be recalled from sensorimotor memories to compensate for digit position variability. Ventral premotor (PMv), somatosensory, and cerebellar lobule regions (CrusII, VIIIa) were sensitive to anticipatory behaviors that reflect sensorimotor memory content, as shown by larger voxel pattern differences for unmatched than matched CoM conditions. Cerebellar lobule I–IV, Broca area 44, and PMv showed greater voxel pattern differences for unconstrained than constrained grasping, which suggests their sensitivity to monitor the online coincidence of planned and actual digit positions and correct for a mismatch by force modulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo pick up a water glass without slipping, tipping, or spilling requires anticipatory planning of fingertip load forces before the lift commences. This anticipation relies on object visual properties (e.g., mass/mass distribution), sensorimotor memories built from previous experiences (especially when object properties cannot be inferred visually), and online sensing of where the digits are positioned. There is limited understanding of how the brain represents each of these anticipatory mechanisms. We used fMRI measures of regional brain patterns and digit position kinematics before lift onset of an object with nonsalient visual cues specifically to isolate sensorimotor memories and integration of sensed digit position with force modulation. In doing so, we localized neural representations encoding these anticipatory mechanisms for dexterous object manipulation.
Izoliuotas kiaušintakio užsisukimas dėl kiaušintakio vandenės: atvejo aprašymas ir literatūros apžvalga
Authors: Trainavičius Rokas , Mongirdas Matas , Povilavičius Jonas , Trainavičius Kęstutis 
Published: April 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Įvadas. Izoliuotas kiaušintakio užsisukimas dėl vandenės nustatomas 1:1 500 000 reprodukcinio amžiaus moterų. Itin retai ši liga yra vaikų pilvo skausmų priežastis. Literatūroje aprašyta tik keletas vaikų izoliuoto kiaušintakio užsisukimo dėl kiaušintakio vandenės atvejų. Liga neturi specifinių simptomų. Galutinė diagnozė patvirtinama atlikus laparoskopiją.Klinikinis atvejis. 11 metų mergaitė atvyko į priėmimo skyrių dėl staiga atsiradusių skausmų pilvo apačioje. Tiriant skausmas nustatytas dešinėje klubo srityje. Ultragarsinio tyrimo metu dubenyje pastebėtas 80 mm ilgio ir 15 mm skersmens cistinis darinys, prisipildęs skysčio. Buvo įtarta dešiniojo kiaušintakio vandenė. Atlikta laparoskopija, rastas išsiplėtęs, prisipildęs skysčio ir apsisukęs dešinysis kiaušintakis. Kiaušintakis atsuktas ir išpunktuotas.Išvada. Kiaušintakio vandenės sukeltas izoliuotas kiaušintakio užsisukimas yra reta, todėl gana sunkiai nustatoma vaikų pilvo skausmų priežastis.
E-Cigarette and Liquid Nicotine Exposures Among Young Children
Authors: Govindarajan Preethi , Spiller Henry A. , Casavant Marcel J. , Chounthirath Thitphalak , Smith Gary A. 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVES:
To investigate exposures to liquid nicotine (including electronic cigarette devices and liquids) among children &lt;6 years old in the United States and evaluate the impact of legislation requiring child-resistant packaging for liquid nicotine containers.

METHODS:
Liquid nicotine exposure data from the National Poison Data System for January 2012 through April 2017 were analyzed.

RESULTS:
There were 8269 liquid nicotine exposures among children &lt;6 years old reported to US poison control centers during the study period. Most (92.5%) children were exposed through ingestion and 83.9% were children &lt;3 years old. Among children exposed to liquid nicotine, 35.1% were treated and released from a health care facility, and 1.4% were admitted. The annual exposure rate per 100 000 children increased by 1398.2% from 0.7 in 2012 to 10.4 in 2015, and subsequently decreased by 19.8% from 2015 to 8.3 in 2016. Among states without a preexisting law requiring child-resistant packaging for liquid nicotine containers, there was a significant decrease in the mean number of exposures during the 9 months before compared with the 9 months after the federal child-resistant packaging law went into effect, averaging 4.4 (95% confidence interval: −7.1 to −1.7) fewer exposures per state after implementation of the law.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pediatric exposures to liquid nicotine have decreased since January 2015, which may, in part, be attributable to legislation requiring child-resistant packaging and greater public awareness of risks associated with electronic cigarette products. Liquid nicotine continues to pose a serious risk for young children. Additional regulation of these products is warranted.
Notícias do mercado de capitais e janelas de eventos para adesões e migrações aos NDGCs
Authors: Antonelli Ricardo Adriano , Clemente Ademir , Colauto Romualdo Douglas 
Published: April 2018

Resumo: Neste artigo teve-se como objetivo analisar a influência das notícias relacionadas ao mercado de capitais na determinação da janela do evento para adesões e migrações aos Níveis Diferenciados de Governança Corporativa (NDGCs) da B3 (Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão). A metodologia emprega quatro etapas: determinação do melhor tamanho da janela para 104 empresas; análise do tamanho das janelas consideradas outliers; análise qualitativa das notícias referentes à janela do evento para os outliers, com base no Bloomberg®; e aplicação do Estudo de Eventos para os casos considerados outliers. Os resultados encontrados indicaram uma tendência de pequenas janelas, limitadas a 5-5 dias para cerca de 59,6% dos casos. Para os 42 casos considerados outliers, isto é, janela maior que 5-5 dias, foram encontradas notícias para 61,9%, dos quais apenas 6 casos apresentaram dummies significativas no Estudo de Eventos. A metodologia utilizada conseguiu explicar 68 casos em que houve adesão, migração ou notícia.Palavras-chave: Governança Corporativa. Estudo de eventos. Janelas de eventos. Notícias. Capital market news and windows of events for accessions and migrations to NDGCs Abstract: This article aims to analyze the influence of news related to the capital market in determining the window of the event for accessions and migrations to the BM&FBovespa NDGCs. Four steps are followed: determinig the best size of the window for 104 companies; analysing the size of the Windows which are considered outliers; qualitative analysis of the news related to the window of events for outliers, based on Bloomberg®; and application of the Event Studies for the cases considered outliers. The results of the study indicated a tendency of small windows, limited to 5-5 days for about 59.6% of the cases. For the 42 cases considered outliers, i.e, window bigger than 5-5 days, news was found for 61.9%, from which just 6 ones got meaningful dummies in the Event Study. Even though, the applied methodology succeded explaining 68 of the cases in which there was accession, migration or news.Keywords: Corporate Governance. Windows of Events. Janelas de eventos. News.
PEMBUATAN GRAFT TULANG DENGAN PROSES EKSTRAKSI SENYAWA HIDROKSIAPATIT DARI TULANG KORTEKS SAPI
Authors: Anisah Anisah , Delina Mutia , Aisah Nuning , Gustiono Dwi 
Published: April 2018

Abstrak
Pembuatan senyawa hidrosiapatit dari tulang kortek paha sapi dengan proses ekstraksi telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghilangkan senyawa organik pada tulang sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku graft tulang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kimia dengan merendam tulang di dalam larutan Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH). Pengaruh variasi konsentrasi dan waktu perendaman NaOH terhadap proses ekstraksi tulang dikaji. Variasi konsentrasi larutan yang digunakan adalah 1M, 2M dan 3M dengan waktu perendaman 30 menit, 60 menit, dan 90 menit di dalam autoklaf bertekanan 1,5 atm dan temperatur 121°C. Hasil rendaman dianalisa dengan FTIR dan menunjukan adanya puncak gugus fungsi zat anorganik P-O, CO3 2- , dan O-H menyerupai kandungan tulang manusia. Sampel yang direndam pada larutan NaOH pada konsentrasi 1M dan 2M dengan waktu perendaman 30 menit masih ditemukan gugus fungsi C-H, yang mengindikasikan bahwa serbuk hidroksiapatit masih mengandung material organik sehingga beresiko pada reaksi penolakan oleh tubuh manusia saat diimplan. Namun demikian, serbuk hidroksiapatit yang dihasilkan dengan perendaman pada konsentrasi 3M dengan waktu 30 menit sudah tidak mengandung unsur organik, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku graft tulang.
Kata-kata kunci: hidroksiapatit, kortek tulang sapi, Natrium Hidroksida, ekstraksi, graft tulang.
Abstract
The extraction of hydroxyapatite compounds from thigh bones cortex has been done. This research was aimed to remove the organic substances in the bones, so that it can be maintained as the raw material of a bone graft. The research employed a chemical method, the bone was soaked in the Natrium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The effect of various concentration and duration of bone's immersion in NaOH were also studied. The solution's various concentrations were 1M, 2M and 3M, therefore the various of immersion duration were 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes in a 1.5 atm autoclave at a temperature of 121o C. The immersion results were studied throughout FTIR. The results showed that there were some peaks of the inorganic P-O, CO3 2- and O-H substance function, correspond to a human bone characteristic. Samples which were immersed in the 1M and 2M of NaOH solution with duration of 30 minutes have yet a C-H functional group. It indicated that the hydroxyapatite powders have yet organic substances, so there is still a risk of rejection by the human body when it is implanted. However, the sample which was immersed in 3M of NaOH solution with duration of 30 minutes has no any organic substances, it can be used as the raw material of a bone graft.
Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, cow bone cortex, Natrium Hydroxide, extraction, bone graft
CIBERDEMOCRACIA: A INTERNET COMO ÁGORA DIGITAL
Authors: Campos Dutra Deo , Oliveira Eduardo 
Published: April 2018

O advento da era digital modificou a estrutura das relações sociais e políticas da sociedade humana, possibilitando a imediata difusão de ideias e caminhos a se percorrer, no que concerne à vida em sociedade. A comunicação instantânea que fragilizou governos e que tem o condão de reunir indivíduos com interesses semelhantes, também se revela como potencial ferramenta para expansão do próprio sistema democrático moderno, onde o cidadão goza de meios ativos de participação, num sistema integral de democracia, influenciando nas temáticas relevantes de ordem legislativa ou executiva, não como espectador político, cuja participação se dá em ciclos predefinidos, mas com atuação constante, vez que dispõe de ferramentas para tanto. A forma de governo onde encontramos uma potencialização da colaboração direta da população com os rumos de seu país e as novas faces da democracia são o escopo deste estudo.
ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT ZONES IN SINGLE-INDUSTRY URBAN SETTLEMENTS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS (THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARELIA)
Authors: Ларченко О. , Larchenko O. 
Published: April 2018

<p>The Russian Federation is currently moving to a new model of spatial development of its economy, also by creating areas of advanced social and economic development. The Far Eastern Federal District was the first in establishing of such special regime territories. In 2014, the process spread to single-industry urban settlements. In this case, the main purpose is to develop business enterprises not connected with the townforming enterprise. For the Republic of Karelia, issues related to monotowns cities are relevant. On the territory of the republic there are eleven mononowns, and two of them contain territories of advanced development, i.e. «Nadvoitsy» and «Kondopoga». The purpose of this article is to assess the functioning of the zones of advanced development and their impact on the development of the region, as well as to identify problems<br />and develop proposals for their elimination. The research employed such general scientific methods and techniques as induction and deduction, synthesis, comparative and comparable analysis. The article reveals the features and the role of the territories of advanced social and economic development in the economic development of the country and the region in particular, as exemplified by the Republic of Karelia. The study has identified the problems of the zones and their development. The author proposes a number of specific measures to improve the efficiency of advanced development zones</p>