bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep‐Water Carbonate Ion Concentrations in the Western Tropical Pacific Since the Mid‐Pleistocene: A Major Perturbation During the Mid‐Brunhes
Authors: Qin B. , Li T. , Xiong Z. , Algeo T. J. , Jia Q. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a new deep‐water carbonate ion concentration ([CO32−]) record, reconstructed from the “size‐normalized weight” of the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina dutertrei in core MD06‐3047B, representing a middepth site (2.5 km) in the western tropical Pacific since 700 ka. On glacial‐interglacial time scales, deep‐water [CO32−] exhibits an inverse relationship with global sea‐level elevations, consistent with the “coral reef hypothesis” that the deep Pacific carbonate system responded to variations in shelf‐carbonate production through the past 700 kyr. On longer time scales, a decoupling between deep‐water [CO32−] and δ13C around the globe can be explained by a combination of continental weathering and nutrient inputs. During the mid‐Brunhes interval (~600–200 ka), [CO32−] reached a maximum of ~100 μmol kg−1 at the marine isotope stage (MIS) 12/11 boundary, followed by a steep decrease to a minimum of ~40 μmol kg−1 during middle MIS 11, representing the largest‐amplitude change in [CO32−] over the past 700 kyr. The [CO32−] maximum records the largest deglacial oceanic carbon release since 700 ka, and the [CO32−] minimum was a response to a global increase in pelagic carbonate production. From MIS 3 to 2 and from early to middle MIS 13, [CO32−] showed rising trends opposite to those at water depths greater than 3.4 km, implying enhanced Pacific stratification during these intervals. These findings provide new insights into the Pleistocene evolution of the carbonate system in the Pacific Ocean.
A Dynamical Reconstruction of the Global Monthly Mean Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Seawater
Authors: Breitkreuz Charlotte , Paul André , Kurahashi‐Nakamura Takasumi , Losch Martin , Schulz Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a dynamically consistent gridded data set of the global, monthly mean oxygen isotope ratio of seawater (
). The data set was created from an optimized simulation of an ocean general circulation model constrained by global monthly
data collected from 1950 to 2011 and climatological salinity and temperature data collected from 1951 to 1980. The optimization was obtained using the adjoint method for variational data assimilation, which yields a simulation that is consistent with the observational data and the physical laws embedded in the model. Our data set performs equally well as a previous data set in terms of model‐data misfit but brings an improvement in terms of the seasonal cycle and physical consistency. As a result the data set does not show any sharp transitions between water masses or in areas where the data coverage is low. The data assimilation method shows high potential for interpolating sparse data sets in a physically meaningful way. Comparatively big errors, however, are found in our data set in the surface levels in the Arctic Ocean mainly because the influence of isotopically highly depleted precipitation is not preserved in the sea ice model, and the low model resolution of about 285 km horizontally. The data set is publicly available, and it is anticipated to be useful for a large range of applications in (paleo‐) oceanographic studies.
Tidally Induced Overflow of the Faroese Channels Bottom Water Over the Wyville Thomson Ridge
Authors: Vlasenko Vasiliy , Stashchuk Nataliya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn overflow of dense cold water from the Faroese Channels across the Wyville Thomson Ridge (WTR) into the Rockall Trough was recorded during the 136th cruise of the RRS James Cook in June 2016. This event happened in the eastern part of the ridge. The remotely operated vehicle ISIS deployed for a collection of coral samples recorded an abrupt drop in temperature at 500‐m depth. Specifically, the water temperature decreased from 8.73 to 6.74 °C and salinity from 35.26 to 35.16. This rapid drop happened over 20 min, with the fastest rate of water temperature decrease of 1.10 °C occurring just over 1 min 50 s. The numerical modeling conducted to reproduce the event has shown that a massive overflow took place in the WTR section, which is close to the Darwin Mounds. The overflow has led to resuspension of bottom sediments; the remotely operated vehicle sampling program in the area of the Darwin Mounds terminated due to low visibility. The numerical experiments have shown that tidally induced overflows over the WTR can occur periodically under spring tidal conditions. The model allowed us to identify two places in the eastern part of the WTR where the tidally driven overflows more realistically can happen.
Biexcitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides tuned by magnetic fields
Authors: Stevens Christopher. E. , Paul Jagannath , Cox Timothy , Sahoo Prasana K. , Gutiérrez Humberto R. , Turkowski Volodymyr , Semenov Dimitry , McGill Steven A. , Kapetanakis Myron D. , Perakis Ilias E. , Hilton David J. , Karaiskaj Denis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present time-integrated four-wave mixing measurements on monolayer MoSe2 in magnetic fields up to 25 T. The experimental data together with time-dependent density function theory calculations provide interesting insights into the biexciton formation and dynamics. In the presence of magnetic fields the coherence at negative and positive time delays is dominated by intervalley biexcitons. We demonstrate that magnetic fields can serve as a control to enhance the biexciton formation and help search for more exotic states of matter, including the creation of multiple exciton complexes and excitonic condensates.
Influence of surface atomic structure demonstrated on oxygen incorporation mechanism at a model perovskite oxide
Authors: Riva Michele , Kubicek Markus , Hao Xianfeng , Franceschi Giada , Gerhold Stefan , Schmid Michael , Hutter Herbert , Fleig Juergen , Franchini Cesare , Yildiz Bilge , Diebold Ulrike 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPerovskite oxide surfaces catalyze oxygen exchange reactions that are crucial for fuel cells, electrolyzers, and thermochemical fuel synthesis. Here, by bridging the gap between surface analysis with atomic resolution and oxygen exchange kinetics measurements, we demonstrate how the exact surface atomic structure can determine the reactivity for oxygen exchange reactions on a model perovskite oxide. Two precisely controlled surface reconstructions with (4 × 1) and (2 × 5) symmetry on 0.5 wt.% Nb-doped SrTiO3(110) were subjected to isotopically labeled oxygen exchange at 450 °C. The oxygen incorporation rate is three times higher on the (4 × 1) surface phase compared to the (2 × 5). Common models of surface reactivity based on the availability of oxygen vacancies or on the ease of electron transfer cannot account for this difference. We propose a structure-driven oxygen exchange mechanism, relying on the flexibility of the surface coordination polyhedra that transform upon dissociation of oxygen molecules.
Efficient generation of neutral and charged biexcitons in encapsulated WSe2 monolayers
Authors: Ye Ziliang , Waldecker Lutz , Ma Eric Yue , Rhodes Daniel , Antony Abhinandan , Kim Bumho , Zhang Xiao-Xiao , Deng Minda , Jiang Yuxuan , Lu Zhengguang , Smirnov Dmitry , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Hone James , Heinz Tony F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHigher-order correlated excitonic states arise from the mutual interactions of excitons, which generally requires a significant exciton density and therefore high excitation levels. Here, we report the emergence of two biexcitons species, one neutral and one charged, in monolayer tungsten diselenide under moderate continuous-wave excitation. The efficient formation of biexcitons is facilitated by the long lifetime of the dark exciton state associated with a spin-forbidden transition, as well as improved sample quality from encapsulation between hexagonal boron nitride layers. From studies of the polarization and magnetic field dependence of the neutral biexciton, we conclude that this species is composed of a bright and a dark excitons residing in opposite valleys in momentum space. Our observations demonstrate that the distinctive features associated with biexciton states can be accessed at low light intensities and excitation densities.
Rapid functional genetics of the oligodendrocyte lineage using pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Lager Angela M. , Corradin Olivia G. , Cregg Jared M. , Elitt Matthew S. , Shick H. Elizabeth , Clayton Benjamin L. L. , Allan Kevin C. , Olsen Hannah E. , Madhavan Mayur , Tesar Paul J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOligodendrocyte dysfunction underlies many neurological disorders, but rapid assessment of mutation-specific effects in these cells has been impractical. To enable functional genetics in oligodendrocytes, here we report a highly efficient method for generating oligodendrocytes and their progenitors from mouse embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, independent of mouse strain or mutational status. We demonstrate that this approach, when combined with genome engineering, provides a powerful platform for the expeditious study of genotype–phenotype relationships in oligodendrocytes.
Less absorbed solar energy and more internal heat for Jupiter
Authors: Li Liming , Jiang X. , West R. A. , Gierasch P. J. , Perez-Hoyos S. , Sanchez-Lavega A. , Fletcher L. N. , Fortney J. J. , Knowles B. , Porco C. C. , Baines K. H. , Fry P. M. , Mallama A. , Achterberg R. K. , Simon A. A. , Nixon C. A. , Orton G. S. , Dyudina U. A. , Ewald S. P. , Schmude R. W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe radiant energy budget and internal heat are fundamental properties of giant planets, but precise determination of these properties remains a challenge. Here, we report measurements of Jupiter’s radiant energy budget and internal heat based on Cassini multi-instrument observations. Our findings reveal that Jupiter’s Bond albedo and internal heat, 0.503 ± 0.012 and 7.485 ± 0.160 W m−2 respectively, are significantly larger than 0.343 ± 0.032 and 5.444 ± 0.425 Wm−2, the previous best estimates. The new results help constrain and improve the current evolutionary theories and models for Jupiter. Furthermore, the significant wavelength dependency of Jupiter’s albedo implies that the radiant energy budgets and internal heat of the other giant planets in our solar system should be re-examined. Finally, the data sets of Jupiter’s characteristics of reflective solar spectral irradiance provide an observational basis for the models of giant exoplanets.
Lithiophilic-lithiophobic gradient interfacial layer for a highly stable lithium metal anode
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Liao Xiaobin , Guan Yuepeng , Xiang Yu , Li Meng , Zhang Wenfeng , Zhu Xiayu , Ming Hai , Lu Lin , Qiu Jingyi , Huang Yaqin , Cao Gaoping , Yang Yusheng , Mai Liqiang , Zhao Yan , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe long-standing issue of lithium dendrite growth during repeated deposition or dissolution processes hinders the practical use of lithium-metal anodes for high-energy density batteries. Here, we demonstrate a promising lithiophilic–lithiophobic gradient interfacial layer strategy in which the bottom lithiophilic zinc oxide/carbon nanotube sublayer tightly anchors the whole layer onto the lithium foil, facilitating the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase, and prevents the formation of an intermediate mossy lithium corrosion layer. Together with the top lithiophobic carbon nanotube sublayer, this gradient interfacial layer can effectively suppress dendrite growth and ensure ultralong-term stable lithium stripping/plating. This strategy is further demonstrated to provide substantially improved cycle performance in copper current collector, 10 cm2 pouch cell and lithium–sulfur batteries, which, coupled with a simple fabrication process and wide applicability in various materials for lithium-metal protection, makes the lithiophilic–lithiophobic gradient interfacial layer a favored strategy for next-generation lithium-metal batteries.
Identifying weak interdomain interactions that stabilize the supertertiary structure of the N-terminal tandem PDZ domains of PSD-95
Authors: Yanez Orozco Inna S. , Mindlin Frank A. , Ma Junyan , Wang Bo , Levesque Brie , Spencer Matheu , Rezaei Adariani Soheila , Hamilton George , Ding Feng , Bowen Mark E. , Sanabria Hugo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPrevious studies of the N-terminal PDZ tandem from PSD-95 produced divergent models and failed to identify interdomain contacts stabilizing the structure. We used ensemble and single-molecule FRET along with replica-exchange molecular dynamics to fully characterize the energy landscape. Simulations and experiments identified two conformations: an open-like conformation with a small contact interface stabilized by salt bridges, and a closed-like conformation with a larger contact interface stabilized by surface-exposed hydrophobic residues. Both interfaces were confirmed experimentally. Proximity of interdomain contacts to the binding pockets may explain the observed coupling between conformation and binding. The low-energy barrier between conformations allows submillisecond dynamics, which were time-averaged in previous NMR and FRET studies. Moreover, the small contact interfaces were likely overridden by lattice contacts as crystal structures were rarely sampled in simulations. Our hybrid approach can identify transient interdomain interactions, which are abundant in multidomain proteins yet often obscured by dynamic averaging.
Cloning of the wheat Yr15 resistance gene sheds light on the plant tandem kinase-pseudokinase family
Authors: Klymiuk Valentina , Yaniv Elitsur , Huang Lin , Raats Dina , Fatiukha Andrii , Chen Shisheng , Feng Lihua , Frenkel Zeev , Krugman Tamar , Lidzbarsky Gabriel , Chang Wei , Jääskeläinen Marko J. , Schudoma Christian , Paulin Lars , Laine Pia , Bariana Harbans , Sela Hanan , Saleem Kamran , Sørensen Chris Khadgi , Hovmøller Mogens S. , Distelfeld Assaf , Chalhoub Boulos , Dubcovsky Jorge , Korol Abraham B. , Schulman Alan H. , Fahima Tzion 
Published: September 2018

AbstractYellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating fungal disease threatening much of global wheat production. Race-specific resistance (R)-genes are used to control rust diseases, but the rapid emergence of virulent Pst races has prompted the search for a more durable resistance. Here, we report the cloning of Yr15, a broad-spectrum R-gene derived from wild emmer wheat, which encodes a putative kinase-pseudokinase protein, designated as wheat tandem kinase 1, comprising a unique R-gene structure in wheat. The existence of a similar gene architecture in 92 putative proteins across the plant kingdom, including the barley RPG1 and a candidate for Ug8, suggests that they are members of a distinct family of plant proteins, termed here tandem kinase-pseudokinases (TKPs). The presence of kinase-pseudokinase structure in both plant TKPs and the animal Janus kinases sheds light on the molecular evolution of immune responses across these two kingdoms.
Age structure landscapes emerge from the equilibrium between aging and rejuvenation in bacterial populations
Authors: Proenca Audrey M. , Rang Camilla Ulla , Buetz Christen , Shi Chao , Chao Lin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe physiological asymmetry between daughters of a mother bacterium is produced by the inheritance of either old poles, carrying non-genetic damage, or newly synthesized poles. However, as bacteria display long-term growth stability leading to physiological immortality, there is controversy on whether asymmetry corresponds to aging. Here we show that deterministic age structure landscapes emerge from physiologically immortal bacterial lineages. Through single-cell microscopy and microfluidic techniques, we demonstrate that aging and rejuvenating bacterial lineages reach two distinct states of growth equilibria. These equilibria display stabilizing properties, which we quantified according to the compensatory trajectories of continuous lineages throughout generations. Finally, we show that the physiological asymmetry between aging and rejuvenating lineages produces complex age structure landscapes, resulting in a deterministic phenotypic heterogeneity that is neither an artifact of starvation nor a product of extrinsic damage. These findings indicate that physiological immortality and cellular aging can both be manifested in single celled organisms.
Converting organosulfur compounds to inorganic polysulfides against resistant bacterial infections
Authors: Xu Zhuobin , Qiu Zhiyue , Liu Qi , Huang Yixin , Li Dandan , Shen Xinggui , Fan Kelong , Xi Juqun , Gu Yunhao , Tang Yan , Jiang Jing , Xu Jialei , He Jinzhi , Gao Xingfa , Liu Yuan , Koo Hyun , Yan Xiyun , Gao Lizeng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe use of natural substance to ward off microbial infections has a long history. However, the large-scale production of natural extracts often reduces antibacterial potency, thus limiting practical applications. Here we present a strategy for converting natural organosulfur compounds into nano-iron sulfides that exhibit enhanced antibacterial activity. We show that compared to garlic-derived organosulfur compounds nano-iron sulfides exhibit an over 500-fold increase in antibacterial efficacy to kill several pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that hydrogen polysulfanes released from nano-iron sulfides possess potent bactericidal activity and the release of polysulfanes can be accelerated by the enzyme-like activity of nano-iron sulfides. Finally, we demonstrate that topical applications of nano-iron sulfides can effectively disrupt pathogenic biofilms on human teeth and accelerate infected-wound healing. Together, our approach to convert organosulfur compounds into inorganic polysulfides potentially provides an antibacterial alternative to combat bacterial infections.
A small molecule targeting myoferlin exerts promising anti-tumor effects on breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Jingjie , He Yuan , Yang Feifei , Hao Yun , Jin Wangrui , Wu Jing , Sun Zhenliang , Li Yunqi , Chen Yihua , Yi Zhengfang , Liu Mingyao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most lethal cancers in women when it reaches the metastatic stage. Here, we screen a library of small molecules for inhibitors of breast cancer cell invasion, and use structure/activity relationship studies to develop a series of small molecules with improved activity. We find WJ460 as one of the lead compounds exerting anti-metastatic activity in the nanomolar range in breast cancer cells. Proteomic and biochemical studies identify myoferlin (MYOF) as the direct target of WJ460. In parallel, loss of MYOF or pharmacological inhibition of MYOF by WJ460 reduces breast cancer extravasation into the lung parenchyma in an experimental metastasis mouse model, which reveals an essential role of MYOF in breast cancer progression. Our findings suggest that MYOF can be explored as a molecular target in breast cancer metastasis and that targeting MYOF by WJ460 may be a promising therapeutic strategy in MYOF-driven cancers.
Triboelectric microplasma powered by mechanical stimuli
Authors: Cheng Jia , Ding Wenbo , Zi Yunlong , Lu Yijia , Ji Linhong , Liu Fan , Wu Changsheng , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) naturally have the capability of high voltage output to breakdown gas easily. Here we present a concept of triboelectric microplasma by integrating TENGs with the plasma source so that atmospheric-pressure plasma can be powered only by mechanical stimuli. Four classical atmospheric-pressure microplasma sources are successfully demonstrated, including dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasma jets (APNP-J), corona discharge, and microspark discharge. For these types of microplasma, analysis of electric characteristics, optical emission spectra, COMSOL simulation and equivalent circuit model are carried out to explain transient process of different discharge. The triboelectric microplasma has been applied to patterned luminescence and surface treatment successfully as a first-step evaluation as well as to prove the system feasibility. This work offers a promising, facile, portable and safe supplement to traditional plasma sources, and will enrich the diversity of plasma applications based on the reach of existing technologies.
Negatively charged nanoporous membrane for a dendrite-free alkaline zinc-based flow battery with long cycle life
Authors: Yuan Zhizhang , Liu Xiaoqi , Xu Wenbin , Duan Yinqi , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlkaline zinc-based flow batteries are regarded to be among the best choices for electric energy storage. Nevertheless, application is challenged by the issue of zinc dendrite/accumulation. Here, we report a negatively charged nanoporous membrane for a dendrite-free alkaline zinc-based flow battery with long cycle life. Free of zinc dendrite/accumulation, stable performance is afforded for ∼240 cycles at current densities ranging from 80 to 160 mA cm−2 using the negatively charged nanoporous membrane. Furthermore, 8 h and 7 h plating/stripping processes at 40 mA cm−2 yield an average energy efficiency of 91.92% and an areal discharge capacity above 130 mAh cm−2. A peak power density of 1056 mW cm−2 is achieved at 1040 mA cm−2. This study may provide an effective way to address the issue of zinc dendrite/accumulation for zinc-based batteries and accelerate the advancement of these batteries.
Seed-mediated atomic-scale reconstruction of silver manganate nanoplates for oxygen reduction towards high-energy aluminum-air flow batteries
Authors: Ryu Jaechan , Jang Haeseong , Park Joohyuk , Yoo Youngshin , Park Minjoon , Cho Jaephil 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAluminum–air batteries are promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density storage, but the inherent limitations hinder their practical use. Here, we show that silver nanoparticle-mediated silver manganate nanoplates are a highly active and chemically stable catalyst for oxygen reduction in alkaline media. By means of atomic-resolved transmission electron microscopy, we find that the formation of stripe patterns on the surface of a silver manganate nanoplate originates from the zigzag atomic arrangement of silver and manganese, creating a high concentration of dislocations in the crystal lattice. This structure can provide high electrical conductivity with low electrode resistance and abundant active sites for ion adsorption. The catalyst exhibits outstanding performance in a flow-based aluminum–air battery, demonstrating high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of ~2552 Wh kgAl−1 and ~6890 Wh lAl−1 at 100 mA cm−2, as well as high stability during a mechanical recharging process.
Finding any Waldo with zero-shot invariant and efficient visual search
Authors: Zhang Mengmi , Feng Jiashi , Ma Keng Teck , Lim Joo Hwee , Zhao Qi , Kreiman Gabriel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSearching for a target object in a cluttered scene constitutes a fundamental challenge in daily vision. Visual search must be selective enough to discriminate the target from distractors, invariant to changes in the appearance of the target, efficient to avoid exhaustive exploration of the image, and must generalize to locate novel target objects with zero-shot training. Previous work on visual search has focused on searching for perfect matches of a target after extensive category-specific training. Here, we show for the first time that humans can efficiently and invariantly search for natural objects in complex scenes. To gain insight into the mechanisms that guide visual search, we propose a biologically inspired computational model that can locate targets without exhaustive sampling and which can generalize to novel objects. The model provides an approximation to the mechanisms integrating bottom-up and top-down signals during search in natural scenes.