bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvic insufficiency fractures frequently occur following preoperative chemo‐radiotherapy for rectal cancer – a nationwide MRI study
Authors: Jørgensen J. B. , Bondeven P. , Iversen L. H. , Laurberg S. , Pedersen B. G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this prospective case–control study was to evaluate the rate of pelvic insufficiency fractures (PIFs) in Denmark using MRI at the 3‐year follow‐up. All patients had rectal cancer and had undergone surgery with or without preoperative chemo‐radiotherapy (CRT).MethodPatients registered with primary rectal cancer in the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group database, who underwent rectal cancer resection from April 2011 through August 2012, were invited to participate in a national MRI study aiming to detect local recurrence and evaluate quality of the surgical treatment. Pelvic MRI including bone‐specific sequences 3 years after treatment was obtained. The primary outcome was the rate of PIFs; secondary outcome was risk factors of PIFs evaluated in multivariate analysis.ResultsDuring the study period, 890 patients underwent rectal cancer surgery. Of these, 403 patients were included in the MRI study and had a 3‐year follow‐up MRI. PIFs were detected in 49 (12.2%; 95% CI 9.0–15.4) patients by MRI. PIFs were detected in 39 patients (33.6%; 95% CI 24.9–42.3) treated with preoperative CRT compared to 10 (3.5%; 95% CI 1.3–5.6) non‐irradiated patients (P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis female gender (OR = 3.52; 95% CI 1.7–7.5), age above 65 years (OR = 3.20; 95% CI 1.5–6.9) and preoperative CRT (OR = 14.20; 95% CI 6.1–33.1) were significant risk factors for PIFs.ConclusionPreoperative CRT in the treatment of rectal cancer was associated with a 14‐fold higher risk of PIFs after 3 years, whereas female gender and age above 65 years each tripled the risk of PIFs.
Renegotiating religious transnationalism: fractures in transnational Chinese evangelicalism
Authors: TAM JONATHAN 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, I question to what extent future generations of immigrants will engage in practices of religious transnationalism through their ethnic institutions. I examine how leaders of the next generation of English‐speaking Chinese Canadian evangelicals made sense of their participation in the Chinese Coordination Centre of World Evangelism, a movement that rallies behind both a pan‐Chinese identity and the belief that the Chinese have a special role in evangelizing the world. I argue that the call to religious mobilization grounded in Chinese ethnicity stands on tenuous ground and propose that linguistic, geographical, generational and ideological fractures may diminish the participation of future generations of the Chinese diaspora in ethnically‐based transnational religious organizations. I conclude that these developments would push ‘negotiated transnational religious networks’ into a state of ‘renegotiation'.
The Islamic Literature of the precolonial Sahara: Sources and approaches
Authors: Warscheid Ismail 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFrom the 15th century onwards, a community of full‐fledged Muslim scholars emerged in the western and central parts of the Sahara, covering present‐day southern Algeria, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, and Niger. The massive diffusion of Islamic literate culture led to the constitution of a rich tradition of scholarship that materialized in various types of texts: doctrinal treatises, biographical dictionaries, chronicles, commentaries, poetry, and, most important, comprehensive fatwa collections. In the last decades, increasing academic attention has been given to this astonishing cultural heritage of the people of the great desert. This article intends to give a short survey of works and research orientations, focusing on projects of identification and edition of Arabic manuscripts and on the mobilization of Muslim scholarly writing as a source for social and cultural history.
Juvenile divergence in adaptive traits among seven sympatric fish ecomorphs arises before moving to different lacustrine habitats
Authors: Esin Evgeny V. , Markevich Grigorii N. , Pichugin Michail Yu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIdentifying the mechanisms initiating sympatric diversification in vertebrates has remained a conceptual challenge. Here, we analyse an assemblage of sympatric charr (Salvelinus malma) morphs from landlocked Lake Kronotskoe basin as a model to uncover the divergence pathways in freshwater fishes during the early life history stages. All morphs have distinct developmental biology, but a similar developmental rate retardation compared to the ancestor. Our study reveals that adult morphological differences, which acquire functionality at maturation, originate in the early juvenile stages due to heterochrony in skeletogenesis and allometric changes triggered by variation in metabolic activity. The craniofacial differences among the morphs result from asynchronous development of several skeletal modules. The accelerated ossification of teeth‐armed bones occurs in predatory feeding morphs, whereas cranial cover ossification is promoted in benthivorous morphs. These contrasting growth patterns have led to seven phenotypes that span a range far beyond the ancestral variability. The most distinct morphs are a riverine spawning, epilimnetic predator and a lacustrine spawning, profundal benthic feeder. Taken together, we argue that the adaptive morphological differentiation in these sympatric freshwater fishes is driven by diverging patterns in ossification rate and metabolic activity against a background of uneven somatic growth. This divergence is primarily associated with basic environmental differences on the nursery grounds that might be unrelated to resource use. This nonheritable phenotype divergence is then exposed to natural selection that could result in further adaptive genetic changes.
Tagging of Weakly Expressed Toxoplasma gondii Calcium‐Related Genes with High‐Affinity Tags
Authors: Hortua Triana Miryam A. , Márquez‐Nogueras Karla M. , Chang Le , Stasic Andrew J. , Li Catherine , Spiegel Kevin A. , Sharma Amrita , Li Zhu‐Hong , Moreno Silvia N.J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCalcium ions regulate a diversity of cellular functions in all eukaryotes. The cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is tightly regulated at the physiological cytosolic concentration of 50–100 nm. The Toxoplasma gondii genome predicts the presence of several genes encoding potential Ca2+ channels, pumps, and transporters. Many of these genes are weakly expressed and likely tightly regulated due to their potential impact to the physiology of the cell. Endogenous tagging has been widely used to localize proteins in T. gondii but low level of expression of many of them makes visualization of tags difficult and sometimes impossible. The use of high‐performance tags for labeling proteins expressed at low level is ideal for investigating the localization of these gene products. We designed a Carboxy‐terminus tagging plasmid containing the previously characterized “spaghetti monster‐HA” (smHA) or “spaghetti monster‐MYC” (smMYC) tags. These tags consist of 10 copies of a single epitope (HA or MYC) inserted into a darkened green fluorescence protein scaffold. We localized six proteins of various levels of expression. Clonal lines were isolated and validated by PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses. Some gene products were only visible when tagged with smHA and in one case the smHA revealed a novel localization previously undetected.
Wedge‐shaped polydioxanone threads in a folded configuration (“Solid fillers”): A treatment option for deep static wrinkles on the upper face
Authors: Kang Seung Hoon , Moon Seok Hoon , Rho Bong‐Il , Youn Seong Jae , Kim Hei Sung 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundFacial wrinkles are key signs of aging which affect one's quality of life and psychological well‐being. Absorbable wedge‐shaped polydioxanone (PDO) sutures are popular in the esthetic clinics of Korea and may be a treatment option for static wrinkles on the upper face.ObjectiveTo describe a novel technique applicable to deep static wrinkles on the upper face and to assess its safety and efficacy.Patients and MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on the static wrinkle cases which were treated with folded, wedge‐shaped PDO threads. A total of 33 Korean patients with glabellar and forehead wrinkles were included. All participants underwent a single treatment session. The results were assessed objectively using serial photography and subjectively based on the patients' satisfaction scores. Complications were also recorded.ResultsOur patients displayed moderate (15.2%), severe (39.4%), and very severe (45.4%) static wrinkles at baseline. The majority of patients (81.8%) considered the results satisfactory. Consensus ratings by two independent dermatologists showed that the objective outcomes at 2‐month follow‐up were very much improved (30.3%), much improved (30.3%), and improved (24.2%). The incidence of complications was low, and the complications were minor.ConclusionWedge‐shaped PDO sutures in a folded configuration (“solid fillers”) are a promising treatment option for deep static wrinkles on the upper face. They may be applied as an adjunct, or as an alternative to conventional therapies such as botulinum toxin and soft tissue filler injection.
Association of primary dysmenorrhea with anthropometrical and socio‐economic factors in Polish university students
Authors: Zurawiecka Martyna , Wronka Iwona 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimsTo examine the prevalence and factors correlated with primary dysmenorrhea in young female subjects.MethodsCross‐sectional research was conducted among 1305 female university students aged 19–25 years. The following measurements were taken: height, body mass, waist circumference, hip circumference, the length of index and ring finger. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on menstrual pains, the characteristics of the menstrual cycles (regularity, duration), the number of the days of menstrual bleeding, age at menarche, overall health and socio‐economic status of the subjects.ResultsThe prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea (PD) in the group was 64.85%, of which 69.60% reported mild pain, and 30.40% moderate and severe pain. PD occurs more frequently both in women with excess and insufficient level of abdominal adiposity. PD occurred more frequently in women who experience first menstruation at earlier age than in women with average and late age at menarche. The prevalence of PD grew along with mother's education and fell along with father's education. Painful menstruations occurred most commonly in women from large families. The impact of the age at menarche and the presence of abnormal body mass and abnormal level of abdominal adiposity on the prevalence of painful menstruation was also confirmed by the results of logistic regression analysis. The risk of PD is the highest in women whose finger 4 is longer than finger 2.ConclusionThe results suggest that healthy body mass and lack of abdominal obesity may reduce the risk of PD.
Serum levetiracetam concentrations and adverse events after multiple dose extended release levetiracetam administration to healthy cats
Authors: Barnes Heller Heidi , Granick Martin , Van Hesteren Mathew , Boothe Dawn M. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundMultiple dose administration of antiepileptic drugs to cats presents a challenge for owners. Extended release levetiracetam (XRL) has once daily recommended dosing interval, but multiple dose administration of XRL has not been evaluated in cats.ObjectiveEvaluate serum levetiracetam concentrations and adverse clinical effects after 11 days of once daily XRL administration to healthy cats.AnimalsNine healthy privately owned cats, body weight ≥ 5 kgMethodsExtended release levetiracetam (500 mg/cat) was administered PO q24h for 10 days. On day 11, blood was collected at trough, 4, 6, and 8 hours after tablet administration. Owners maintained records of adverse effects throughout study. Levetiracetam was quantitated in serum using immunoassay validated in cats.ResultsMedian dose 94.3 mg/kg q24h. Median (range) trough, 4, 6, and 8 hour serum levetiracetam concentrations were 7.0 (2.3‐14.1), 82.6 (7.8‐125.3), 92.3 (13.3‐97.3), and 72 (22.8‐96.4) μg/mL, respectively. Peak was not observed in 4 cats because of missed samples (n = 2) and failure to reach maximal concentration (Cmax) by 8 hours (n = 2). Median time of maximal concentration (Tmax) for the remaining 5 cats 5.2 (range 4‐6) hours. Adverse effects were minimal and included ataxia (n = 1), sedation (n = 1), and vomiting or regurgitation (n = 1). All signs resolved without dose adjustment or additional treatment.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMean trough serum levetiracetam concentrations were ≥5 μg/mL and adverse effects were minimal throughout dosing period, indicating that the drug was well tolerated. Once daily XRL (500 mg/cat) administration may provide an easier alternative to 3 times daily dosing of intermediate‐release levetiracetam for epileptic cats.
From 2D to 3D chondrule size data: Some empirical ground truths
Authors: Metzler Knut 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn order to characterize the relation between apparent chondrule sizes (2D) and true chondrule sizes (3D), three ordinary chondrites of the H, L, and LL group have been analyzed. The diameters of a large number of chondrule cut faces in thin sections (2D; n = 2037) and of separated chondrules from the same meteorites (3D: n = 2061) have been measured. The obtained 2D/3D mean chondrule sizes (μm) for the H, L, and LL chondrite are 450/490, 500/610, and 690/830; the corresponding median values (μm) are 370/420, 450/530, and 580/730. The data show that there is a cutoff for small chondrule sizes in each sample. Possibly characteristic minimum sizes exist for the various groups, increasing in the (3D) sequence H (~90 μm) <L (~180 μm) <LL (~240 μm). No systematics were found for the maximum chondrule sizes. The investigated samples show very similar chondrule volume (mass) distributions relative to the mode (peak) of their size‐frequency distributions. About 2.6–2.9% and 97.1–97.4% of the total chondrule volume (mass) is present in chondrule sizes smaller and larger than the mode, respectively. It was found that 2D sectioning consistently results in a shift of the true 3D size‐frequency distributions toward smaller sizes. This effect leads to the underestimation of the values for (1) the true mean chondrule size by 8–18%, (2) the true chondrule median value by 12–21%, and (3) the true mode value of the size‐frequency distributions by 12–17% (50 μm binning). This is the opposite of what popular 2D/3D correction models predict (e.g., Eisenhour ).
A GWAS meta‐analysis from 5 population‐based cohorts implicates ion channel genes in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Bonfiglio F. , Henström M. , Nag A. , Hadizadeh F. , Zheng T. , Cenit M. C. , Tigchelaar E. , Williams F. , Reznichenko A. , Ek W. E. , Rivera N. V. , Homuth G. , Aghdassi A. A. , Kacprowski T. , Männikkö M. , Karhunen V. , Bujanda L. , Rafter J. , Wijmenga C. , Ronkainen J. , Hysi P. , Zhernakova A. , D'Amato M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) shows genetic predisposition, however, large‐scale, powered gene mapping studies are lacking. We sought to exploit existing genetic (genotype) and epidemiological (questionnaire) data from a series of population‐based cohorts for IBS genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and their meta‐analysis.MethodsBased on questionnaire data compatible with Rome III Criteria, we identified a total of 1335 IBS cases and 9768 asymptomatic individuals from 5 independent European genotyped cohorts. Individual GWAS were carried out with sex‐adjusted logistic regression under an additive model, followed by meta‐analysis using the inverse variance method. Functional annotation of significant results was obtained via a computational pipeline exploiting ontology and interaction networks, and tissue‐specific and gene set enrichment analyses.Key ResultsSuggestive GWAS signals (P ≤ 5.0 × 10−6) were detected for 7 genomic regions, harboring 64 gene candidates to affect IBS risk via functional or expression changes. Functional annotation of this gene set convincingly (best FDR‐corrected P = 3.1 × 10−10) highlighted regulation of ion channel activity as the most plausible pathway affecting IBS risk.Conclusion & InferencesOur results confirm the feasibility of population‐based studies for gene‐discovery efforts in IBS, identify risk genes and loci to be prioritized in independent follow‐ups, and pinpoint ion channels as important players and potential therapeutic targets warranting further investigation.
Influence of human parathyroid hormone during orthodontic tooth movement and relapse in the osteoporotic rat model: A preliminary study
Authors: Lee H. S. , Heo H. A. , Park S. H. , Lee W. , Pyo S. W. 
Published: April 2018

Structured AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on tooth movement in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by comparing the tooth movement distance and relapse and by examining the alveolar bone microstructure.Materials and MethodsThirty 8‐week‐old female rats were classified into 3 groups: sham‐operated, OVX and ovariectomized rats injected with PTH (PTH). Eight weeks later, a closed‐coil spring appliance was placed between the maxillary incisor and the first molar and then activated with 50 cN of force. During tooth movement, 30 μg/kg of PTH was administered 3 times per week in the PTH group. Tooth movement distances were measured weekly. Five rats in each group were killed after 3 weeks for microcomputerized tomographic analysis, and the remaining 5 rats in each group were killed at an additional 3 weeks after the removal of the appliance to measure relapsed distance.ResultsThe OVX group showed significantly greater tooth movement compared to those in the other 2 groups at 2 and 3 weeks (P < .05). The relapse distance and relapse percentage for the OVX group were higher; however, it did not differ significantly from the PTH group. On micro‐CT analysis, bone volume/tissue volume ratio and bone mineral density in the PTH group were significantly greater than in the OVX group (P < .05).ConclusionsApplication of PTH did not promote tooth movement in OVX rat, however, did lead to decrease in relapse tendency. Therefore, the application of PTH during orthodontic treatment of patients with osteoporosis should be carefully considered.
Trends in diagnosis-specific work disability before and after ischaemic heart disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Ervasti Jenni , Virtanen Marianna , Lallukka Tea , Friberg Emilie , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Lundström Erik , Alexanderson Kristina 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesWe examined trends of diagnosis-specific work disability before and after ischaemic heart disease (IHD).DesignParticipants were followed 4 years before and 4 years after an IHD event for diagnosis-specific work disability (sickness absence and disability pension).Setting and participantsA Swedish population-based cohort study using register data on all individuals aged 25–60 years, living in Sweden, and who suffered their first IHD event in 2006–2008 (n=23 971) was conducted.ResultsBefore the event, the most common diagnoses of work disability were musculoskeletal disorders (21 annual days for men and 44 for women) and mental disorders (19 men and 31 for women). After multivariable adjustments, we observed a fivefold increase (from 12 to 60 days) in work disability due to diseases of the circulatory system in the first postevent year compared with the last pre-event year among men. Among women, the corresponding increase was fourfold (from 14 to 62 days). By the second postevent year, the number of work disability days decreased significantly compared with the first postevent year among both sexes (to 19 days among men and 23 days among women). Among women, mean days of work disability due to diseases of the circulatory system remained at a higher level than among men during the postevent years. Work disability risk after versus before an IHD event was slightly higher among men (rate ratio (RR) 2.49; 95% CI 2.36 to 2.62) than among women (RR 2.29, 95% CI 2.12 to 2.49). When pre-event long-term work disability was excluded, diseases of the circulatory system were the most prevalent diagnosis for work disability after an IHD event among both men and women.ConclusionsAn IHD event was strongly associated with an increase in work disability due to diseases of the circulatory system, especially among men and particularly in the first postevent year.
Regionally clustered ABCC8 polymorphisms in a prospective cohort predict cerebral oedema and outcome in severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Jha Ruchira Menka , Koleck Theresa A , Puccio Ava M , Okonkwo David O , Park Seo-Young , Zusman Benjamin E , Clark Robert S B , Shutter Lori A , Wallisch Jessica S , Empey Philip E , Kochanek Patrick M , Conley Yvette P 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveABCC8 encodes sulfonylurea receptor 1, a key regulatory protein of cerebral oedema in many neurological disorders including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Sulfonylurea-receptor-1 inhibition has been promising in ameliorating cerebral oedema in clinical trials. We evaluated whether ABCC8 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms predicted oedema and outcome in TBI.MethodsDNA was extracted from 485 prospectively enrolled patients with severe TBI. 410 were analysed after quality control. ABCC8 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified (Hapmap, r2>0.8, minor-allele frequency >0.20) and sequenced (iPlex-Gold, MassArray). Outcomes included radiographic oedema, intracranial pressure (ICP) and 3-month Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score. Proxy SNPs, spatial modelling, amino acid topology and functional predictions were determined using established software programs.ResultsWild-type rs7105832 and rs2237982 alleles and genotypes were associated with lower average ICP (β=−2.91, p=0.001; β=−2.28, p=0.003) and decreased radiographic oedema (OR 0.42, p=0.012; OR 0.52, p=0.017). Wild-type rs2237982 also increased favourable 3-month GOS (OR 2.45, p=0.006); this was partially mediated by oedema (p=0.03). Different polymorphisms predicted 3-month outcome: variant rs11024286 increased (OR 1.84, p=0.006) and wild-type rs4148622 decreased (OR 0.40, p=0.01) the odds of favourable outcome. Significant tag and concordant proxy SNPs regionally span introns/exons 2–15 of the 39-exon gene.ConclusionsThis study identifies four ABCC8 tag SNPs associated with cerebral oedema and/or outcome in TBI, tagging a region including 33 polymorphisms. In polymorphisms predictive of oedema, variant alleles/genotypes confer increased risk. Different variant polymorphisms were associated with favourable outcome, potentially suggesting distinct mechanisms. Significant polymorphisms spatially clustered flanking exons encoding the sulfonylurea receptor site and transmembrane domain 0/loop 0 (juxtaposing the channel pore/binding site). This, if validated, may help build a foundation for developing future strategies that may guide individualised care, treatment response, prognosis and patient selection for clinical trials.