bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Polluter Pays Principle in Chinese Environmental Law
Authors: HAMMAN Evan , PEI Liping , BURLOFF Denise , LOCKHART Alexandra 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The effective implementation of environmental law has taken on greater urgency in recent times. Behind the multitude of domestic and international environmental instruments sit generally accepted principles like the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP). The PPP can be seen to advance sustainable development, at least partly, by private operators internalizing the costs of their pollution. This article analyses the application of the PPP in Chinese environmental law by focusing on a case study of Yangtze River pollution in and around the central Chinese city of Wuhan. The authors find evidence of an increasing acceptance of the PPP at the local, regional and national levels in China. At each of these levels, attempts to improve water quality in the Yangtze appear to reflect an acceptance of the PPP’s main aims.
A person-centered, latent profile analysis of psychological capital
Authors: Bouckenooghe Dave , De Clercq Dirk , Raja Usman 
Published: August 2018

This inquiry seeks to clarify whether and how various combinations of the four core components of psychological capital (PsyCap)—self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience—differentially affect workplace outcomes. To gain such in-depth understanding, this study undertakes a person-centered, latent profile analysis of PsyCap. Several distinct PsyCap component profiles emerge and remain consistent across two studies; these profiles in turn exert significantly different effects on work engagement and job performance. Compared with a more commonly used variable-centered approach, this person-centered approach represents a valuable complement that can expand the understanding and implications of PsyCap. JEL classification: M10, M19
Comparative Outcomes of Radial and Bucket-Handle Meniscal Tear Repair: A Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Wu Isabella T. , Hevesi Mario , Desai Vishal S. , Camp Christopher L. , Dahm Diane L. , Levy Bruce A. , Stuart Michael J. , Krych Aaron J. 
Published: August 2018

Background:Full-thickness radial meniscal tears render the meniscus nonfunctional and have historically been treated with partial meniscectomy. As preservative techniques evolve for radial repair, comparisons with other tear patterns are necessary to evaluate repair efficacy and prognosis.Purpose:To assess clinical outcomes and reoperation rates of radial meniscal repair and to compare them to bucket-handle meniscal repair.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Radial and bucket-handle meniscal tears without concurrent root injuries undergoing surgical repair at a single institution between 2007 and 2015 were analyzed, including both all-inside and inside-out suturing techniques. Propensity matching was performed on the basis of age at surgery, sex, meniscus laterality, body mass index (BMI), and concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using a comparison pool of 70 bucket-handle repairs. Reoperation-free survival rates and Tegner, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were analyzed.Results:Twenty-four patients (18 male, 6 female; mean age, 22.8 ± 11.9 years) who underwent repair of a radial meniscal tear were followed for a mean of 3.5 years (range, 2.0-6.3 years). Significant postoperative improvements in VAS scores at rest and with use and IKDC scores were noted postoperatively ( P < .001). Five patients (20.8%) required a reoperation. Subsequently, 18 patients with radial tears (mean age, 19.1 ± 9.1 years; 12 male; mean BMI, 27.0 ± 6.2 kg/m2; 3 medial; 11 ACLR) were propensity matched to 18 patients with bucket-handle tears (mean age, 20.8 ± 5.1 years; 13 male; mean BMI, 25.0 ± 3.5 kg/m2; 3 medial; 11 ACLR). The matched radial and bucket-handle groups demonstrated similar ( P = .17) reoperation-free survival rates at 2 years (88.9% and 94.4%, respectively) and 5 years (77.8% and 87.7%, respectively). VAS and IKDC scores improved significantly after surgery ( P < .001), with no difference noted between the groups ( P ≥ .17). Patients with radial and bucket-handle meniscal repairs achieved mean postoperative Tegner scores (6.6 and 6.6, respectively) not significantly different from their preinjury levels (6.9 and 6.7, respectively) ( P ≥ .32).Conclusion:Satisfactory clinical outcomes are achievable for radial meniscal tear repair at short-term follow-up. In a robustly matched comparison, radial and bucket-handle meniscal tears demonstrate similar improvements in VAS and IKDC scores, restoration of preoperative Tegner scores, and acceptable reoperation rates. Full-thickness radial meniscal tears should be considered for repair.
How Do Adolescents Get Their E-Cigarettes and Other Electronic Vaping Devices?
Authors: Pepper Jessica K. , Coats Ellen M. , Nonnemaker James M. , Loomis Brett R. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: More adolescents “vape” (use e-cigarettes and similar devices) than smoke, but little is known about how underage users obtain vaping devices. This knowledge could inform efforts to prevent youth access. Design: Original cross-sectional survey with social media recruitment. Settings: Online. Participants: A total of 1729 adolescents (2809 qualified on screener; completion rate 61.6%) aged 15 to 17 years who vaped in the past 30 days. Measures: Adolescents’ vaping attitudes, ownership of vaping devices, how they obtain devices, and frequency of borrowing others’ devices. Analysis: Logistic regression. Results: Most adolescents (78.2%) owned a vaping device. The most common sources were purchasing from a store or online (31.1%), buying from another person (16.3%), or giving someone money to purchase for them (15.0%). The majority (72.8%) had used someone else’s vaping device in the past 30 days. Adolescents who vaped more often, did not own a vaping device, vaped in social situations, and had previously been refused purchase were more likely to frequently borrow others’ devices. Conclusions: Despite high rates of ownership, many adolescents borrowed devices, suggesting that borrowing is part of users’ social experience, not just a means of acquisition. Although better enforcement of age restrictions could lessen purchasing, future research is needed to understand why adolescents borrow and how their acquisition sources shift over time. That information could be harnessed for targeted, borrowing-related antivaping campaigns.
Condom Availability Programs in Schools: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Andrzejewski Jack , Liddon Nicole , Leonard Sandra 
Published: August 2018

Objective: This review synthesizes findings from the peer-reviewed evaluation literature on condom availability programs (CAPs) in secondary schools. Data Source: Peer-reviewed evaluation literature indexed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, ERIC, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, SCOPUS, and POPLINE. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Manuscripts had to be, written in English, and report evaluation data from a US school-based CAP. Data Extraction: Articles were coded independently by 2 authors. Discrepancies were resolved through open discussion. Data Synthesis: We grouped findings into outcome evaluation and process evaluation findings. Outcome evaluation findings included sexually transmitted infections (STIs), pregnancy rates, condom use, contraception use, sexual risk, and substance use. Process evaluation findings included awareness of CAPs, attitudes toward CAPs, attitudes toward condoms, and receipt of education and instruction. Results: Of the 138 citations reviewed, 12 articles published between 1995 and 2012 met the inclusion criteria, representing 8 programs. Evaluations indicate CAPs yield condom acquisition rates between 23% and 48%, have mixed results related to condom use, and are not associated with increases in sexual and other risk behaviors. One program found CAPs were associated with a decrease in a combined rate of chlamydia and gonorrhea. One program found no association between CAPs and unintended pregnancy. Students’ attitudes toward CAPs were favorable and awareness was high. Conclusions: Condom availability programs are accepted by students and can be an appropriate and relevant school-based intervention for teens. Condom availability programs can increase condom use, but more evaluations are needed on CAP impact on rates of HIV, STIs, and unintended pregnancy.
Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with long-term corticosteroid exposure in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kabadi S , Yeaw J , Bacani A K , Tafesse E , Bos K , Karkare S , DeKoven M , Vina E R 
Published: August 2018

Objective To evaluate the association between exposure to oral corticosteroids and future healthcare resource utilization and costs for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods Adults diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (index date) between 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2013 and naive to oral corticosteroids with continuous health plan enrollment for ≥6 months pre- and ≥5 years post-index were identified from a large health plan claims database. Per-patient monthly average daily dose of oral corticosteroids (prednisone or its equivalent) was calculated for the first 2 years post-index to categorize patients into four steroid exposure cohorts: low (≤5 mg/day), medium (6–20 mg/day), high (>20 mg/day) and no steroids. Differences in healthcare resource utilization and total healthcare costs during the third year post-index across corticosteroid exposure cohorts were modeled with adjustment for baseline characteristics. Results The study included 18,618 systemic lupus erythematosus patients (163 high dose, 1127 medium dose, 6717 low dose and 10,611 no steroids). Compared to low-dose corticosteroid users, high-dose corticosteroid users were more likely to have emergency room visits (39.3% vs. 29.7%; p = 0.0085) and to be hospitalized (21.5% vs. 12.3%; p = 0.0005). After adjustment for baseline characteristics, they also had significantly greater average annual total healthcare costs (US$60,366 vs. US$18,777; p < 0.0001). A 1 mg increase in corticosteroid average daily dose was associated with 1.07 times the average annual costs after adjusting for baseline characteristics ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion Long-term high-dose oral corticosteroid use was associated with significantly greater future healthcare resource utilization and costs. Judicious reduction in daily steroid dose may decrease the imminent economic burden associated with high-dose steroid use in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Assessment of Psychosocial Risk in Families of Children With Craniofacial Conditions Using the Psychosocial Assessment Tool—Craniofacial Version
Authors: Kapa Hillary M. , Litteral Jennifer L. , Pearson Gregory D. , Eastman Katherine , Kirschner Richard E. , Crerand Canice E. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives: Using the Psychosocial Assessment Tool—Craniofacial Version (PAT-CV), this study measured variation in psychosocial risk in families of children with craniofacial conditions by demographic and clinical characteristics, frequency of condition-related problems, concordance between caregivers’ report of risk, and association between risk level and psychosocial service utilization. Design: Caregivers (n = 242) of 217 children with craniofacial conditions completed the PAT-CV, a psychosocial risk screener. Medical records were also abstracted. Results: The PAT-CV scores varied significantly by insurance type and syndromic versus nonsyndromic diagnosis type. Language problems were most commonly reported on the Craniofacial Problems subscale, though 13% to 56% of parents endorsed specific problems. Mothers and fathers reported similar risk levels. Families with past social work or behavioral health consults had higher PAT-CV scores than those without consultations. Conclusion: The PAT-CV efficiently screens for psychosocial risk and craniofacial-specific problems. This tool may help clinicians identify families in need of intervention.
Trends in Hospital Morbidity From Alzheimer’s Disease in the European Union, 2000 to 2014
Authors: Niu Hao , Alvarez-Alvarez Ismael , Aguinaga-Ontoso Ines , Guillen-Grima Francisco 
Published: August 2018

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become a concerning public health issue. We aimed to analyze the trends of hospital morbidity from AD in the European Union (EU) in the period 2000 to 2014. Methods: Data from hospital discharges of men and women over 50 years old hospitalized due to AD in the EU were extracted from Eurostat database. We tested for secular trends computing anual percent change, and identified significant changes in the linear slope of the trend. Results: Hospital morbidity from AD showed a 0.8% (95% confidence intervals −2.2 to 0.6) slight declining trend in the EU. In men and women, we recorded a −0.5% and −1.0% decrease in hospital morbidity rates, respectively. Several countries showed changing trends during the study period. Conclusion: Alzheimer’s disease hospital morbidity has slightly declined in the entire EU in the past years. Eastern European countries showed steadily increasing trends, whereas in western and Mediterranean countries the rates decreased or leveled off.
Effect of Rosuvastatin on Acute Kidney Injury in Sepsis-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Hsu Raymond K. , Truwit Jonathon D. , Matthay Michael A. , Levitt Joseph E. , Thompson Boyd Taylor , Liu Kathleen D. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) commonly occurs in patients with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Objective: To investigate whether statin treatment is protective against AKI in sepsis-associated ARDS. Design: Secondary analysis of data from Statins for Acutely Injured Lungs in Sepsis (SAILS), a randomized controlled trial that tested the impact of rosuvastatin therapy on mortality in patients with sepsis-associated ARDS. Setting: 44 hospitals in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ARDS Clinical Trials Network. Patients: 644 of 745 participants in SAILS who had available baseline serum creatinine data and who were not on chronic dialysis. Measurements: Our primary outcome was AKI defined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes creatinine criteria. Randomization to rosuvastatin vs placebo was the primary predictor. Additional covariates include demographics, ARDS etiology, and severity of illness. Methods: We used multivariable logistic regression to analyze AKI outcomes in 511 individuals without AKI at randomization, and 93 with stage 1 AKI at randomization. Results: Among individuals without AKI at randomization, rosuvastatin treatment did not change the risk of AKI (adjusted odds ratio: 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-1.44). Among those with preexisting stage 1 AKI, rosuvastatin treatment was associated with an increased risk of worsening AKI (adjusted odds ratio: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.14-8.22). When serum creatinine was adjusted for cumulative fluid balance among those with preexisting stage 1 AKI, rosuvastatin was no longer associated worsening AKI (adjusted odds ratio: 1.85, 95% CI: 0.70-4.84). Limitations: Sample size, lack of urine output data, and prehospitalization baseline creatinine. Conclusion: Treatment with rosuvastatin in patients with sepsis-associated ARDS did not protect against de novo AKI or worsening of preexisting AKI.
Determinants of the Nasal Microbiome: Pilot Study of Effects of Intranasal Medication Use
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Holt Justin , Nelson Leah F. , Ir Diana , Robertson Charles E. , Frank Daniel N. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction A role for bacteria and other microbes has long been suspected in the chronic inflammatory sinonasal diseases. Recent studies utilizing culture-independent, sequence-based identification have demonstrated aberrant shifts in the sinus microbiota of chronic rhinosinusitis subjects, compared with ostensibly healthy controls. Examining how such microbiota shifts occur and the potential for physician-prescribed interventions to influence microbiota dynamics are the topics of the current article. Methods The nasal cavity microbiota of 5 subjects was serially examined over an 8-week period using pan-bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four of the subjects were administered topical mometasone furoate spray, while 1 subject underwent a mupirocin decolonization procedure in anticipation of orthopedic surgery. Results Measures of microbial diversity were unaffected by intranasal treatment in 2 patients and were markedly increased in the remaining 3. The increase in microbial diversity was related to clearance of Moraxella spp. and a simultaneous increase in members of the phylum Actinobacteria. Both effects persisted at least 2 weeks beyond cessation of treatment. Transient changes in the relative abundance of several bacterial genera, including Staphylococcus and Priopionibacteria, were also observed during treatment. Conclusions The effects of intranasal steroids on the sinonasal microbiome are poorly understood, despite their widespread use in treating chronic sinonasal inflammatory disorders. In this longitudinal study, administration of intranasal mometasone furoate or mupirocin resulted in shifts in microbial diversity that persisted to some degree following treatment cessation. Further characterization of these effects as well as elucidation of the mechanism(s) underlying these changes is needed.
The INCLUDE study
Authors: Hider Samantha L , Bucknall Milica , Cooke Kelly , Cooke Kendra , Finney Andrew G , Goddin Dave , Healey Emma L , Hennings Susie , Herron Daniel , Jinks Clare , Lewis Martyn , Machin Annabelle , Mallen Christian , Wathall Simon , Chew-Graham Carolyn A 
Published: August 2018

Background: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica and ankylosing spondylitis are at increased risk of common comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and anxiety and depression which lead to increased morbidity and mortality. These associated morbidities are often un-recognized and under-treated. While patients with other long-term conditions such as diabetes are invited for routine reviews in primary care, which may include identification and management of co-morbidities, at present this does not occur for patients with inflammatory conditions, and thus, opportunities to diagnose and optimally manage these comorbidities are missed. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a nurse-led integrated care review (the INtegrating and improving Care for patients with infLammatory rheUmatological DisordErs in the community (INCLUDE) review) for people with inflammatory rheumatological conditions in primary care. Design: A pilot cluster randomized controlled trial will be undertaken to test the feasibility and acceptability of a nurse-led integrated primary care review for identification, assessment and initial management of common comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and anxiety and depression. A process evaluation will be undertaken using a mixed methods approach including participant self-reported questionnaires, a medical record review, an INCLUDE EMIS template, intervention fidelity checking using audio-recordings of the INCLUDE review consultation and qualitative interviews with patient participants, study nurses and study general practitioners (GPs) Discussion: Success of the pilot study will be measured against the engagement, recruitment and study retention rates of both general practices and participants. Acceptability of the INCLUDE review to patients and practitioners and treatment fidelity will be explored using a parallel process evaluation. Trial Registration: ISRCTN12765345.
Return to Level I Sports After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Evaluation of Age, Sex, and Readiness to Return Criteria
Authors: Webster Kate E. , Feller Julian A. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a topic of current interest. The high reinjury rates reported in younger athletes may be due in part to an early RTS. Purpose: To determine the proportion of athletes who return to level I (jumping, hard pivoting, and cutting) sport at less than 1 year after ACL reconstruction and compare return rates by age and sex. A secondary purpose was to examine whether RTS is associated with some commonly used outcome criteria. Methods: A cohort of 1440 athletes (992 males, 448 females) satisfied criteria for inclusion in this study (primary ACL reconstruction, normal contralateral knee, no additional surgery within the first year after the reconstruction, and participation in level I sport on a weekly basis prior to injury). The proportion of athletes in this sample who had resumed level I sport by 12 months after surgery was recorded, along with measurements of knee function (single-legged hop symmetry), laxity (KT-1000 arthrometer), and self-reported outcomes (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] subjective score). Limb symmetry index scores of 90 or higher, side-to-side difference in anterior knee laxity of 2 mm or less, and IKDC scores of 95 or higher were considered indicators of satisfactory recovery from surgery. Results: Rates of return to level I sport were significantly higher for athletes aged 25 years and younger (48% return rate) compared with older athletes (26-35 years, 32% return rate [ P < .0001]; ≥36 years, 19% return rate [ P < .001]). Male athletes who were in the ≤25-year and 26- to 35-year age brackets had significantly higher return rates than female athletes (52% vs 39% and 37% vs 18%, respectively), whereas no sex-based differences in RTS were seen after 36 years of age. A significantly higher proportion of younger patients met the selected indicators of a satisfactory recovery. Regardless of age, athletes had twice the odds of RTS if they had limb symmetry index scores of 90 or higher ( P ≤ .0001) and 3 times the odds of RTS if they had IKDC scores of 95 or higher ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Almost half of younger athletes (aged ≤25 years) in the current cohort returned to level I sports within 12 months after ACL reconstruction. Younger athletes were also more likely to meet criteria that indicate a satisfactory functional recovery and that have been used to indicate readiness to RTS. There may be a role for adjusting thresholds for these criteria based on age.