bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A theoretical and experimental study of the temporal reduction in UV protection provided by a facial day cream
Authors: Diffey B. L. , O'Connor C. , Marlow I. , Bell M. , O'Mahony M. M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate how the UV protection provided by a facial day cream reduces over the course of a day.MethodsWe developed a theoretical model using a Monte Carlo random sampling approach to estimate the variation in local thickness, and hence local effective SPF, at several different sites over the face. The input variables, which are labelled SPF, average application thickness, homogeneity of the product on the skin and the ability of the product to bind to the skin, allow examination of how these different factors affect the delivered photoprotection. We compared the results of our modelling with experimental determination of the binding of an oil‐in‐water moisturizing day cream with a rated SPF of 15 at various times over the course of a day by means of UV photography and digital image analysis.ResultsWe demonstrated good agreement between our theoretical predictions of the temporal reduction in product thickness and the experimental observations. We used our modelling approach to show that a substantial reduction in lifetime UV burden on the face could be achieved by a daycare product delivering 3‐fold (or greater) protection over the face.ConclusionComparison with experimental data confirmed the robustness and validity of our model, which predicts that products intended for daily use need to be formulated carefully and applied uniformly, and to have a half‐life of binding to the skin of several hours. Products that bind less well to the skin, or are applied non‐uniformly, are likely to be providing inadequate protection with regards to influencing the rate of photoaging of the skin. Our data suggest that after a single, realistic application of a day cream rated SPF15, consumers’ faces remain protected to at least an average of 5‐fold around the middle of the day, especially pertinent to indoor workers who are likely to be exposed to maximum UV levels as they venture outside during their lunch break.
Teaching & Learning Tips 10: Interspecialty teaching through inpatient dermatology consults
Authors: Xue Yun , Rana Jasmine , Burgin Susan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMedical students and residents often have little experience in placing or responding to dermatologic consults in the inpatient setting when they first begin training. Trainees often learn what and how to communicate through observation or trial and error. We propose that dermatologists can play an active role in facilitating interspecialty education and improving patient outcomes by teaching in a systematic fashion.
Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 genes and risk of infantile hemangioma
Authors: Oszajca Katarzyna , Szemraj Janusz , Wyrzykowski Dariusz , Chrzanowska Barbara , Salamon Aneta , Przewratil Przemyslaw 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundInfantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common vascular tumor of childhood and infancy. It is distinguished by rapid proliferation of endothelial cells during the first year of life followed by spontaneous regression thereafter. One of the possible factors responsible for the IH development is vascular endothelial grow factor (VEGF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of selected polymorphisms in the genes coding for VEGF‐A (+405 G/C, rs2010963; +936 C/T, rs3025039) and its receptor VEGFR‐2 (+1416 T/A, rs1870377; –271 G/A, rs7667298) on the susceptibility to infantile hemangioma.MethodsWe performed a case–control study of 99 Polish children hospitalized due to IH and compared them with matched healthy control subjects. The polymorphisms were ascertained through genotyping by PCR‐RFLP assay, PCR‐HRM, or the allelic discrimination method.ResultsThe study revealed a lower odds of infantile hemangioma in individuals with GG genotype or G allele for +405 G/C VEGF‐A polymorphism (ORdis = 0.52, P = 0.023 and ORdis = 0.63, P = 0.025, respectively). No association was observed for the remaining VEGF and VEGFR‐2 polymorphisms and IH risk.ConclusionsIn our study, none of the investigated VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 genes polymorphisms was found to be an independent prognostic marker for infantile hemangioma. However, there is evidence that individuals carrying at least one G allele of +405 G/C VEGF‐A polymorphism have significantly lower risk of IH.
Iraqi IDPs Access to Durable Solutions: Results of Two Rounds of a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Rossi Lorenza , Davis Rochelle , Benton Grace , Zeyneloglu Sinan , Al‐Shami Salma 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article discusses the findings from a 4,000 household, longitudinal study conducted by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and Georgetown University. Using the Inter‐Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Framework on Durable Solutions, we investigate the circumstances in which households were displaced, and how their needs, strategies, and access to durable solutions change over time as they integrate, return, or settle elsewhere. Findings from the study thus allow us to build an evidence base that helps researchers and policymakers to move beyond conceptions of displacement as either a ‘crisis’ or a problem that has been solved, and instead bring into focus the ways in which displaced people find ways to rebuild their lives and livelihoods that coexist alongside patterns of mobility and risk management.
Fatal Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome in an immunocompetent adult with review of the literature
Authors: Chan Fiona L. Y. , Kennedy Brendan , Nelson Renjy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStrongyloides hyperinfection syndrome is rarely described in immunocompetent individuals. We present a case of fatal Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome, and a literature review identifying nine other cases occurring in immunocompetent individuals, highlighting the challenges of diagnosis and treatment in this setting. While overall mortality is lower compared to immunocompromised patients, fatal outcomes still occur. A high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and treatment.
Flucloxacillin–warfarin interaction: an under‐appreciated phenomenon
Authors: Chaudhuri Alex , Wade Stephanie L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCurrent drug databases do not acknowledge an interaction between warfarin and flucloxacillin although case reports have indicated that flucloxacillin may increase warfarin requirement to maintain therapeutic international normalised ratio (INR). To assess whether flucloxacillin therapy leads to a significant increase in warfarin dose, we conducted a retrospective, observational, cohort study of hospital‐in‐the‐home patients previously stable on warfarin; who were treated with flucloxacillin or other antibiotics for at least 2 weeks between June 2015 and December 2016. The outcome measured was change in average warfarin dose at two time periods: 1 week prior to antibiotic treatment and the final week of antibiotic treatment. Four cases with flucloxacillin and four comparators treated with other antibiotics met inclusion criteria. All cases treated with flucloxacillin had a clinically and statistically significant increase in warfarin dose in the final week of antibiotic treatment compared with pre‐antibiotics. The warfarin dose increased by a range of 57–130% (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in warfarin dose for patients on vancomycin, benzylpenicillin or piperacillin‐tazobactam. One comparator on cephazolin had a statistically significant change in warfarin dose; however, they had a sub‐therapeutic INR on admission which warranted a dose increase. Due to the high risk of sequelae with sub‐therapeutic anticoagulation, close INR monitoring is essential for patients on a prolonged course of flucloxacillin.
Resolution of sinus bradycardia, high‐grade heart block, and left ventricular systolic dysfunction with rituximab therapy in Henoch‐Schonlein purpura
Authors: Torosoff Mikhail , Breen Thomas , Balulad Sujata , Padala Santosh , Lyubarova Radmila , Tan Henry , Sidhu Mandeep 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHenoch‐Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a rare, typically self‐limited, multi‐organ vasculitis. Cardiac involvement with HSP carries high morbidity and mortality, thus requiring early aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. We report a case of HSP complicated with acute systolic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, symptomatic sinus bradycardia and high‐grade atrio‐ventricular (AV) heart block. Cyclophosphamide, a commonly used agent in HSP, was contraindicated due to the patient's presentation with acute renal failure. Treatment with monoclonal antibody rituximab and corticosteroids was initiated with an improvement in and resolution of LV systolic dysfunction, sinus bradycardia and AV block. We believe this is the first published report on rituximab treatment in HSP with cardiac involvement manifesting with severe LV systolic dysfunction, sinus bradycardia and high‐grade AV block.
Seasonal and regional patterns of lower leg cellulitis in Western Australia
Authors: Manning Laurens , Cannon Jeffrey , Dyer John , Carapetis Jonathan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundLower leg cellulitis (LLC) is a common infection that is usually caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or other beta‐haemolytic streptococci. We hypothesised that in Western Australia (WA), LLC is a summer disease and would be more common in the northern, tropical regions.MethodsWe conducted a statewide data linkage of adult patients presenting to WA hospitals with a first ever diagnosis of LLC, from January 2002 through December 2013 according to the region and season.ResultsA total of 36 276 cases presented with a primary episode of LLC. The northern regions of the Kimberley (2.26 (2.13–2.39), P < 0.001) and midwest (1.13 (1.06–1.20), P < 0.001) had higher incidence rates than the Perth metropolitan region, while the southern regions of Southwest, Great Southern and Goldfields had lower incidence rates (0.89 (0.85–0.93), P < 0.001; 0.81 (0.75–0.88), P < 0.001; and 0.77 (0.71–0.83), P < 0.001, respectively). The total number of primary cases was higher in summer (10 570 (29.1%, 95% confidence interval 28.7–29.6), P < 0.0001) and autumn (9306 (25.7%, 95% confidence interval 25.2–26.1), P = 0.004). Seasonality of LLC was observed in all WA regions except those in the Kimberley, Pilbara and Great Southern regions.ConclusionIn most non‐tropical regions of WA, LLC is a summer disease, while in the warmer tropical regions of WA where year‐round temperatures are higher, no seasonality was observed, but overall incidence of LLC presentations were higher. These findings may have important implications for public health messaging and research around prevention of LLC.
Is parental oral health literacy a predictor of children's oral health outcomes? Systematic review of the literature
Authors: Firmino Ramon Targino , Ferreira Fernanda Morais , Martins Carolina Castro , Granville‐Garcia Ana Flávia , Fraiz Fabian Calixto , Paiva Saul Martins 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe scientific evidence regarding the association between parental oral health literacy (OHL) and children's oral health is unclear.AimTo evaluate the scientific evidence concerning the association between parental OHL and children's oral health outcomes.DesignEight databases were searched. Studies that evaluated oral health outcomes among children and measured parental OHL through a validated tool were included. Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data and analysed the risk of bias.ResultsEleven studies were included. Most (n = 6) had a high risk of bias. Most studies evaluating dental caries found association between lower parental OHL and higher prevalence/experience of dental caries. Poor oral health‐related quality of life was associated with decreased parental OHL (P < 0.05). Studies diverged on the association between OHL and the number of filled, extracted teeth, and dental visits. There was no association between children's tooth brushing frequency, use of toothpaste, oral health claim, oral health expenditures and parental OHL. The literature was inconclusive regarding the association between night bottle feeding, negative parental perception of the child's oral health and OHL.ConclusionLow parental OHL was associated with dental caries among their children. It is too soon to assume an association between OHL and the remaining outcomes.
Determining sugar content and firmness of ‘Fuji’ apples by using portable near‐infrared spectrometer and diffuse transmittance spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Guozhen , Tian Chunna 
Published: July 2018

Abstract‘Fuji’ apples produced in four counties of Shaanxi Province, China were used as samples to explore potential applications of portable spectrometers in determining sugar content and firmness of apples produced in different areas. Eighteen and twenty wavelengths were selected as characteristic wavelengths (CWs) using successive projections algorithm (SPA) from pretreated full spectra for sugar content and firmness, respectively. Two linear models (multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR)) and other two nonlinear models (general regression neural network (GRNN) and extreme learning machine (ELM) were adopted to build sugar content and firmness determination models. The results indicate that not only for sugar content, but also for firmness, PLSR had better performance than MLR, and ELM performed better than GRNN. PLSR‐SPA had the best determination performance for sugar content and firmness. The research offers useful spectrometer technologies on developing portable detectors for internal qualities of apples.Practical applications‘Fuji’ apples are very popular among consumers around the world since they are sweeter and crisper than many other apple cultivars. Although several studies have been conducted on predicting internal qualities of ‘Fuji’ apples by using NIR spectroscopy, few studies have been reported on sugar content and firmness determination of ‘Fuji’ apples produced in different areas. In this study, a portable near‐infrared spectrometer and diffuse transmittance spectroscopy was used to determine sugar content and firmness of ‘Fuji’ apples produced in different areas of Shaanxi Province, whose ‘Fuji’ apple production and plant area ranks the first in China. This study offers useful technologies for developing portable detector and online detection instrument on quality attributes of ‘Fuji’ apples.
Wound healing potential of Solanum xanthocarpum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Parmar Komal M , Shende Priyanka R , Katare Nitin , Dhobi Mahaveer , Prasad Satyendra K 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of the present study was to evaluate wound healing potential of Solanum xanthocarpum extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods
Alcoholic extract of the aerial parts (ESX) was subjected to phytochemical estimations and its standardization with chlorogenic acid using HPLC. ESX was then evaluated for wound healing potential in, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using excision and incision wound models on topical and oral treatment Various biochemical evaluations, such as collagen, hexosamine, hyaluronic acid, protein, DNA along with antioxidant parameters, proinflammatory cytokines, VEGF and histopathological examination were also evaluated.

Key findings
Extract of S. xanthocarpum depicted the presence of mainly alkaloids, polyphenols, steroids, while content of chlorogenic acid was found to be 8.44% w/w. The maximum effective nature of ESX in healing was observed at 10% gel (topical) and 200 mg/kg (orally) in diabetic rats, where highest healing power was observed when treated both orally and topically. Biochemical evaluations showed significant increase in the levels of collagen, hexosamine, hyaluronic acid, protein, DNA followed by significant decline in the levels of blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, supported by histopathology.

Conclusions
The potential healing effect in diabetic rats may be attributed to the presence of chlorogenic acid in combination with other phytoconstituents.
Productivity as the main factor correlating with migratory behaviour in the evolutionary history of warblers
Authors: Ponti R. , Arcones A. , Ferrer X. , Vieites D. R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe evolution of migration in birds and its causes are still subject of debate. Recent studies tracking current bird migration have identified peaks in net primary productivity (NPP) as a main driver of bird migratory behaviour. However, it is unclear which variables may have played a major role in the evolution of bird migration at deeper phylogenetic levels. Here, we used phylogenetic comparative methods to assess whether the evolutionary patterns of migratory distances, as a proxy for migratory behaviour, are correlated with several biometric, climatic and productivity variables in a phylogenetic context, usingSylviawarblers as a case study. Our results recoverNPPin the breeding range and during the breeding season as the variable with stronger positive correlation with migratory distances, being always included in the best models considering all potential variables. Several climatic variables show a correlation with the evolution of migration, but those are also tightly correlated withNPP. Among morphological variables, migratory lineages tend to have longer wings than sedentary ones. AlthoughNPPhas been identified as a driver of migratory behaviour in current species, in a phylogenetic scale it is not possible to disentangle if it was a main driver in the evolution of bird migratory behaviour or a consequence of it, yet migration andNPPseem to be tightly related today and along the long evolutionary history of these passerines.
Fishing community preferences and willingness to pay for alternative developments of ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) for Lake Naivasha, Kenya
Authors: Mulatu Dawit W. , van Oel Pieter R. , Odongo Vincent , van der Veen Anne 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEcosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) is an important complement to existing fisheries management approaches to maintain ecosystem health and function; to translate goals and aspirations for sustainability into operational objectives, the preferences of the fishing communities should be considered for successful implementation of EBFM. This study analysed the preferences of the fishing community for alternative EBFM developments for Lake Naivasha, Kenya, and estimated the willingness to pay, using a choice experiment approach. Protection of fish breeding grounds, improving tilapia fish abundance and accessibility of fishing zones were identified as relevant EBFM attributes for the choice experiment. A monetary attribute (payment for fishing permit) was also included. In addition to a conditional logit model, mixed logit models are estimated to account for heterogeneity in preferences. This study results indicated fishing communities are most concerned about tilapia fish abundance and protection of fish breeding grounds. The welfare measures reveal that members of the Lake Naivasha fishing community are willing to pay a considerable sum of money for ecosystem services improvement, relative to their low income derived from fishing. These study findings highlighted that evaluating the preferences of the fishing community and valuing the fishery at an ecosystem level are vital to prioritize and choose between alternative interventions for sound implementation of EBFM.
Uncertainty in the modeling of spatial big data on a pattern of bushfires holes
Authors: Stein Alfred , Tolpekin Valentyn A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper focuses on the presence of vegetation patches, called holes remaining after forest fires. Holes are of interest to explore because their vegetation is affected by severe temperature stress nearby, although they can serve as an agent to regenerate a forest after the burn. Further, it is interesting to know why holes emerge at all, while little if anything is known about their structure and distribution in space. A statistical analysis of their presence and abundance and a spatial statistical analysis to analyze their positions was done within four forest fire footprints. Fractal dimension of the holes was compared to that of the forest fire footprint, whereas remote sensing imagery was used to identify the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the patches before and after the fire. Results showed that the fractal dimension of the holes is lower than that of the forest fire footprint, and that the NDVI is slowly recovering to the original NDVI. Differences with the NDVI of the surrounding areas remain large. We concluded that patches of vegetation after a forest fire are interesting to study, providing clues of why unburned patches occur despite the fire presence nearby, how they can be characterized spatially and how the vegetation composition responds to such nearby fire.The Recommendations for Resource ManagersForest fires affect the forests, and have an effect on the population living within the forest and close to it. A forest fire commonly leaves behind a large number of unburnt vegetation patches. In this study we call them holes. These holes have been under severe heat and smoke pressure, but have similar tree species and forest structure as the original forest. They serve as the starting point to regenerate the forest. The primary implications for resource management are as follows:A better understanding of where they are, and how they are composed may help to understand the behavior of a fire.Their characterization may help to better understand the relation between vegetation as a fuel for forest fire.Their biodiversity will improve the fire spread modeling of burns that are carried out for management of a forest stand.
Chronic graft‐versus‐host disease: Current management paradigm and future perspectives
Authors: Mawardi Hani , Hashmi Shahrukh K. , Elad Sharon , Aljurf Mahmoud , Treister Nathaniel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe field of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) began in the 1950s, and despite a seven decade history of remarkable clinical advances, graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD) remains the greatest obstacle in its success due to considerable morbidity and mortality. Graft‐versus‐host disease is the second leading cause of transplantation‐related mortality (TRM) after relapse of primary disease. There are two main types of GVHD—acute and chronic—differing in the pathogenesis, time of onset, and clinical presentation.ObjectiveThis review provides a comprehensive overview of chronic GVHD pathophysiology and current management paradigms, as well as consideration of promising novel therapies.ConclusionChronic GVHD is a serious disease which may be active for years, or even decades, requiring potentially years of immunosuppressive therapies and placing patients at risk for a number of late complications. While the oral cavity has long been recognized to be a prominent target of GVHD, and in particular, chronic GVHD, it must be recognized and appreciated that it is a complex systemic disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations.