bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Laundry Practices in Eliminating Mpox Virus From Fabrics
Authors: Pitol Ana K , Richards Siobhan , Mirindi Patrick , Mahamed Hibak O , Baller April , Hughes Grant L , Beck Sara E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The declaration of mpox as a public health emergency of international concern highlights the need for interventions to interrupt virus transmission, including transmission via fabrics. Current World Health Organization (WHO) guidance on clothes washing is based on a general consensus of virus inactivation; however, there is uncertainty about the efficacy of laundry detergents and disinfectants or the reduction of risk achieved by washing clothes for mpox virus (MPXV) specifically.

Methods
This study investigates the efficacy of manual washing for inactivating MPXV from clothes. Using a simulated washing method, we evaluated the efficacy of commonly used laundry products and high temperature water for inactivating MPXV on fabrics. Cotton and polyester fabrics were inoculated with MPXV for 1 minute, placed in a microcentrifuge tube containing water or water with test product for 20 minutes, with agitation every 5 minutes to simulate manual washing.

Results
Sodium hypochlorite, liquid sanitizer, and 2 powdered laundry detergents dissolved in room temperature water, as well as 70°C water alone, completely inactivated MPXV (&gt;3 log10 reduction or &gt;99.9% inactivation) on both cotton and polyester fabrics.

Conclusions
Given the expected concentrations of MPXV on fabrics, the low transfer rate of viruses from porous surfaces to skin, the effective inactivation of laundry processes, and the expected doses required for infection, we expect the risk of transmission after laundering contaminated fabrics to be low. This study provides evidence to support WHO guidance for MPXV inactivation, reducing the viral load on fabrics to prevent the spread of mpox in both health care and household settings.
Ubiquitous but heterogeneous: International organizations’ influence on public opinion in China, Brazil, Japan, and Sweden
Authors: Suong Clara H , Desposato Scott , Gartzke Erik 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Existing work on the effect of international organizations’ (IOs) approval of the use of force on public support for it tends to focus on the established great powers in the Global North and its positive main effect. In this research note, we contribute to this literature in two ways with a survey experiment conducted in four countries: Brazil, China, Japan, and Sweden. First, we examine the generalizability of existing findings to relatively understudied countries that include aspiring great powers in the Global South. Second, we examine the heterogeneity of the effect of IOs’ authorization of the use of force. We confirm the generalizability of the positive effect of IOs’ approval on public support for war. At the same time, we find that individuals’ positive responses to IOs’ endorsement are heterogeneous and vary by their beliefs in militant internationalism and educational attainment, and by their home country.
Implementation of Integrated Clinical Pharmacogenomics Testing at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Knezevic Claire E , Stevenson James M , Merran Jonathan , Snyder Isabel , Restorick Grant , Waters Christopher , Marzinke Mark A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Pharmacogenomics has demonstrated benefits for clinical care, including a reduction in adverse events and cost savings. However, barriers in expanded implementation of pharmacogenomics testing include prolonged turnaround times and integration of results into the electronic health record with clinical decision support. A clinical workflow was developed and implemented to facilitate in-house result generation and incorporation into the electronic health record at a large academic medical center.

Methods
An 11-gene actionable pharmacogenomics panel was developed and validated using a QuantStudio 12K Flex platform. Allelic results were exported to a custom driver and rules engine, and result messages, which included a diplotype and predicted metabolic phenotype, were sent to the electronic health record; an electronic consultation (eConsult) service was integrated into the workflow. Postimplementation monitoring was performed to evaluate the frequency of actionable results and turnaround times.

Results
The actionable pharmacogenomics panel covered 39 alleles across 11 genes. Metabolic phenotypes were resulted alongside gene diplotypes, and clinician-facing phenotype summaries (Genomic Indicators) were presented in the electronic health record. Postimplementation, 8 clinical areas have utilized pharmacogenomics testing, with 56% of orders occurring in the outpatient setting; 22.1% of requests included at least one actionable pharmacogene, and 67% of orders were associated with a pre- or postresult electronic consultation. Mean turnaround time from sample collection to result was 4.6 days.

Conclusions
A pharmacogenomics pipeline was successfully operationalized at a quaternary academic medical center, with direct integration of results into the electronic health record, clinical decision support, and eConsult services.
Evaluation of kernel processing and processor type in whole-plant sorghum silage: effects on nutrient digestibility and animal performance in backgrounding beef heifers
Authors: Podversich Federico , Abdelhadi Leandro , Roskopf Sergio , Silva Gleise M , Angeli Emmanuel , Hein Gustavo J , Ortega Hugo H , Ruiz-Moreno Martin , Dubeux Jose C B , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of feeding whole-plant sorghum silage (WPSS) with different kernel processing techniques (KP). Experiment 1 contrasted KP for WPSS on intake and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) in beef heifers (n = 24, 13 ± 1 mo, 267 ± 10.9 kg of initial body weight [BW]) housed in individual pens (36 m2). Grain sorghum was harvested at hard dough, switching the kernel processor to obtain the WPSS treatments: A) unprocessed (UNP), B) conventionally processed (CONV), and C) shredlage processed (SHRD). Heifers (8/treatment) received ad libitum WPSS from their respective treatment, plus soybean meal top-dressed at 0.5% BW/d (DM basis). Feed, and feces were collected for 5 d; feed was offered once daily, and orts were collected the following day. Fecal samples were collected twice daily, and ATTD was determined using indigestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) as a marker. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, with heifer as the experimental unit, and the following contrasts were performed 1) Processing: UNP vs. (CONV + SHRD) and 2) Processor: CONV vs. SHRD. Processing WPSS increased the ATTD of starch by 4.5% (P = 0.01), reduced fecal starch by 27.5% (P = 0.01), and reduced the change of NDF from feed to orts by 39% (P &lt; 0.01). Heifers fed SHRD had 6.6% greater ATTD of NDF than CONV-fed heifers (P = 0.04). Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of feeding either SHRD or CONV-processed WPSS on growth performance of beef heifers. Whole-plant grain sorghum was harvested at the hard-dough stage, switching the KP as in experiment 1. Angus heifers (n = 96, 15 ± 1 mo, 249.6 ± 28.6 kg of BW) were blocked by initial BW, and randomly assigned to pens (8 heifers/pen, 6 pens/treatment). Diets consisted, all on a DM basis, of WPSS, either SHRD or CONV, at 90.5%, expeller soybean meal at 7.0%, and a vitamin–mineral–protein concentrate at 2.5%. After 14-d of adaptation, growth was measured for 56 d, and feed was offered once daily. Data were analyzed using a randomized complete block design with the pen as the experimental unit. Heifers fed CONV had a 9.6% greater gain-to-feed ratio (P = 0.05) and a 7.4% greater Kleiber ratio (P = 0.05) than SHRD-fed heifers. Apparent net energy of gain tended to be 7.1% greater in CONV-fed heifers (P = 0.06). In conclusion, kernel processing WPSS increased starch digestibility and reduced fecal starch concentration. Using SHRD increased NDF digestibility and feeding CONV-processed WPSS resulted in enhanced growth performance.
Risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with chronic kidney disease: a nested case-control study
Authors: Iseri Ken , Hida Noriko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a severe disease leading to decreased quality of life, but risk factors for ONJ in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remain unclear. We conducted a nested case-control study using a large Japanese administrative database to investigate. CKD patients were identified based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements, and ONJ cases were identified using ICD-10 codes and diagnostic terms. Controls were matched 1:4 by age and sex. Among 597 026 CKD patients, 75 ONJ cases were identified during a median follow-up of 2.9 yr (incidence rate: 3.27 per 100 000 patient-years). A total of 375 patients (250 males, 66.7%) with a median age of 72 yr (interquartile range (IQR), 64-78) were included after matching controls. The use of bisphosphonates and denosumab for tumor-related disorders in the case group was significantly higher compared to the control group. There was no significant association between kidney functions and the ONJ risk. Multivariate analysis revealed that anti-resorptive drugs for tumor-related disorders [odds ratio (OR): 74.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.81-634.39, p&lt;.001] and oral corticosteroids (OR: 13.23, 95% CI: 3.34-52.33, p&lt;.001) were significantly associated with increased ONJ risk, while anti-resorptive drugs for osteoporosis and injectable corticosteroid use were not. Other relevant factors such as diabetes, liver disease, anabolic drugs, and radiation therapy did not have a significant association with ONJ risk. When stratified by indications for bisphosphonate use (known to be eliminated by renal excretion), bisphosphonate use for tumor-related disorders showed a significant association with ONJ risk (OR: 27.80, 95% CI: 2.47-313.29, p&lt;.01), while bisphosphonates use for osteoporosis did not (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.19-2.92, p=.67). These findings suggest that anti-resorptive drugs for tumor-related disorders and oral corticosteroids are associated with ONJ risk in CKD patients. Heightened surveillance may be necessary for CKD patients receiving these treatments to prevent or detect ONJ early.
Enhanced fatty acid oxidation in osteoprogenitor cells provides protection from high-fat diet induced bone dysfunction
Authors: Nandy Ananya , Helderman Ron C M , Thapa Santosh , Peck Sun H , Richards Alison , Jayapalan Shobana , Narayani Nikita , Czech Michael P , Rosen Clifford J , Rendina-Ruedy Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bone homeostasis within the skeletal system is predominantly maintained by bone formation and resorption, where formation of new bone involves maturation of stromal cells to mineral and matrix secreting mature osteoblasts, which requires cellular energy or adenosine triphosphate. Alterations in systemic metabolism can influence osteoblast function. In line with this, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a common metabolic disorder is also associated with reduced bone formation and increased risk of fracture. Impairment in lipid metabolism is one of the key features associated with T2DM-related pathologies in multiple tissues. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the reduced bone formation reported in obese murine models of impaired glucose tolerance is a function of disrupted lipid metabolism in osteoblasts. We first confirmed that mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) have reduced bone microarchitecture along with lower bone formation rates. Interestingly, osteoblasts from obese mice harbor higher numbers of cytosolic lipid droplets along with decreased bioenergetic profiles compared to control cells. Further supporting this observation, bone cortex demonstrated higher total lipid content in HFD fed mice compared to control-fed mice. As a further proof of principle, we generated a novel murine model to conditionally delete Plin2 in osteoblast-progenitor cells using Prrx1-Cre, to enhance lipid droplet breakdown. Our data demonstrate that knocking down Plin2 in an osteoprogenitor specific manner protects from HFD induced osteoblast dysfunction. Furthermore, the mechanism of action involves enhanced osteoblast fatty acid oxidation. In conclusion, the current studies establish that HFD induced glucose intolerance leads to perturbations in osteoblast lipid metabolism, thus causing lower bone formation, which can be protected against by increasing fatty acid oxidation.
Verifying the effectiveness of romosozumab re-administration on bone mineral density
Authors: Kobayakawa Tomonori , Nakamura Yukio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Upon completing romosozumab therapy for osteoporosis, sequential treatment with other agents is required. However, for patients at high fracture risk despite such therapy, re-administration of romosozumab might be a potent subsequent option to prevent additional fractures. Currently, there is insufficient real-world clinical data verifying the efficacy of romosozumab re-administration. This study evaluated its efficacy. We enrolled 72 osteoporosis patients who remained at high risk of fractures after a 12-mo course of romosozumab, followed by sequential therapy either with bisphosphonates, denosumab, or teriparatide. Patients were re-administered another 12-mo romosozumab to assess changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and the percentages of patients achieving a T-score &gt; −2.5 at the completion. Our result exhibited that BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck increased significantly through the re-administration phase (p &lt; .001). The percentage of patients achieving a T-score &gt; −2.5 in the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck increased significantly compared to before initial romosozumab therapy, with the greatest improvement seen after re-administration (all p &lt; .001). Bone formation markers increased significantly (p &lt; .001) during re-administration, while resorption markers showed no significant change (p = .408). The impact of prior sequential therapy was also evaluated. BMD increased significantly at all sites for patients who received bisphosphonates as sequential therapy (p &lt; .05). After denosumab therapy, significant BMD increases were observed only in the lumbar spine (p &lt; .01), while the total hip and femoral neck showed no significant change. After teriparatide therapy, BMD temporarily decreased during the sequential period but increased significantly after romosozumab re-administration, especially in the lumbar spine and femoral neck (both p &lt; .001). In conclusion, romosozumab re-administration is an effective treatment. Furthermore, its efficacy varies depending on the sequential therapy used, with the highest effectiveness seen in the order of teriparatide, bisphosphonates, and denosumab.
Fearing Meningitis: Disease, Emotions and the Spotted Fever Epidemics of 1904-1907
Authors: Miller Ian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The meningitis (or spotted fever) outbreaks (c.1904-1907) caused worldwide alarm but remain largely forgotten. This article uses these outbreaks as an invaluable case study for understanding early twentieth-century responses (individual and collective) to a mysterious, potentially deadly infection. More specifically, it focuses on the social production of fear until physicians and medical scientists devised new ways of making meningitis more manageable, with reference to a range of actors who shaped public responses and feelings. Ultimately, the article argues that initial attempts to warn and educate about meningitis usually promoted fear and avoidance, but as meningitis became more manageable, emotional responses to its outbreaks altered significantly. Emotions were constructed and experienced in the context of a new medical modernity optimistic about public health and clinical interventions. Exploring the physical and emotional in tandem takes us to the heart of societal and personal experience of disease outbreaks.
Introduction: Invasive Species, Global Health, and Colonial Legacies
Authors: Skotnes-Brown Jules , Lynteris Christos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bringing together seven papers spanning Southern and Eastern Africa, North America, England, and India, this special issue explores the historically neglected connections between invasive species and health in the long twentieth century. Drawing upon perspectives from medical history, the history of science, environmental history, and environmental as well as medical anthropology, the papers analyze the entanglements of invasive species and zoonotic disease, food security, pesticide, crime, and ecosystem health. This introduction provides an overview of the historiography of invasive species and argues the importance of studying the historical connections between invasives and health. It also historicizes the relations between animal invasions, technoscience, power, and colonialism.
From calico to catwalk: Addressing the UK’s enduring issue of fashion piracy
Authors: Wickens Alice 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the long-standing issue of fashion piracy. By drawing parallels between the experiences of 18th and 19th century British calico printers and modern-day fashion designers, it notes that, despite living in vastly different ages, both groups face similar challenges when copied. While acknowledging certain unavoidable challenges, like the ever-improving ability to make knock-offs and the challenge of defining what constitutes a ‘copy’ in the cyclical and repetitive world of fashion, it argues that having an IP system is clearly preferable to having no protection at all. However, it emphasizes that more research is needed to establish the effectiveness of IP law, and improve it, particularly the use of pre-litigation settlements. It also suggests that greater effort should be put into making IP law—particularly, design rights, which are often costly and difficult to navigate—more accessible to all fashion designers.
Description of mitochondrial genomes and phylogenetic analysis of Megophthalminae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Sun Mingming , Wang Jiajia , Smagghe Guy , Dai RenHuai , Wang Xianyi , Yang Yanqiong , Li Min , You Siying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To elucidate phylogenetic relationships within the leafhopper’s subfamily Megophthalminae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), mitogenomes of 12 species of the subfamily were sequenced and assembled. These were added to the mitogenomes of the eight other species that are currently available. Mitogenome size ranged from 15,193 bp in Onukigallia onukii (Matsumura, 1912) to 15,986 bp in Multinervis guangxiensis (Li and Li, 2013), they all contained 37 genes, and gene order was similar to that in other leafhoppers. Nucleotide composition analysis showed that the AT content was higher than that of GC, and the protein-coding genes usually ended with A/T at the 3rd codon position. The Ka/Ks ratio showed that the CYTB gene has the slowest evolutionary rate, while ND4 is the gene with the fastest evolutionary rate. Relative synonymous codon usage analysis revealed the most frequently used codon was UUA (L), followed by CGA (R), and the least frequently used codon was CCG (P). Parity plot and neutrality plot analyses showed that the codon usage bias of mitochondrial genes was influenced by natural selection and mutation pressure. However, natural selection plays a major role, while the effect of mutation pressure was small. Effective number of codons values were 40.15–49.17, which represented relatively low codon bias. Phylogenetic analyses based on three datasets (AA, 13PCG, 13PCG_2rRNA) using two methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference). In the obtained topology, the Megophthalminae species were clustered into a monophyletic group. In conclusion, our results clarify structural modules of the mitochondrial genes and confirm the monophyly of Megophthalminae within Cicadellidae.
IL-17A/IFN-γ producing γδ T cell functional dichotomy impacts cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice
Authors: dos-Santos Júlio Souza , Firmino-Cruz Luan , Oliveira-Maciel Diogo , da Fonseca-Martins Alessandra Marcia , Ramos Tadeu Diniz , Nunes-Sousa Letícia , Bittencourt dos Santos Igor , Pedro Soares Rodrigo , Claudio Oliveira Gomes Daniel , Mengel José , Silva-Santos Bruno , de Matos Guedes Herbert Leonel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
γδ T cells play diverse roles in immune responses, producing either interleukin (IL)-17A or interferon γ (IFN-γ). Here, we investigated the impact of this functional dichotomy on cutaneous leishmaniasis. We demonstrate that in Sv129 mice susceptible to Leishmania amazonensis, Vγ4+ γδ T cells are the main source of IL-17A. In type 1 IFN receptor–deficient (A129) mice with heightened susceptibility, there is an increased frequency of IL-17A–producing γδ T cells. L. amazonensis' lipophosphoglycan induces these IL-17A–producing γδ T cells. Notably, C57BL/6 mice deficient in γδ T cells or IL-17 receptor exhibit smaller lesions, indicating a pathogenic role of IL-17A–producing γδ T cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Conversely, adoptive transfer of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)–sorted γδ T cells lead to an accumulation of IFN-γ–producing γδ T cells, associated with control of lesion development. On the other hand, adoptive transfer of FACS–sorted IFN-γ–deficient γδ T cells abolished the control of lesion development. These data demonstrate a pathophysiological dichotomy in which IL-17A–producing γδ T cells promote pathogenesis, while IFN-γ–producing γδ T cells offer therapeutic potential in cutaneous leishmaniasis.