bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling spatial dependence and economic hotspots in landowners’ willingness to supply bioenergy crops in the northeastern United States
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zipp Katherine Y. , Langholtz Matthew H. , Jacobson Michael G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the spatial heterogeneity of landowners’ willingness to supply three bioenergy crops: switchgrass, Miscanthus, and willow, in the northeastern United States. Spatial heterogeneity might arise for several reasons. For example, landowners closer to bioenergy processing plants might be more likely to be willing to supply bioenergy crops, and landowners who are more willing to supply bioenergy crops may be spatially clustered because they share similar land attributes, demographics, experiences, and/or values. Using high‐resolution GIS data related to the location of pellet plants utilizing bioenergy crops and survey data related to landowners’ characteristics including spatial location, we estimate a spatial probit model to explain the variation in individual‐specific reservation prices (RPs)—the feedstock price at which landowners become willing to supply a bioenergy crop. We find that respondents’ RP is lower the closer they live to their nearest pellet plant and spatial dependency is only present for switchgrass supply. We also identify three economic hotspots (areas with high potential supply and low RPs) for each bioenergy crop. We believe that bioenergy supply chains could be developed around these hotspots.
“About sixty per cent I want to do it”: Health researchers’ attitudes to, and experiences of, patient and public involvement (PPI)—A qualitative interview study
Authors: Boylan Anne‐Marie , Locock Louise , Thomson Richard , Staniszewska Sophie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundFunders, policy‐makers and research organizations increasingly expect health researchers in the UK to involve patients and members of the public in research. It has been stated that it makes research “more effective, more credible and often more cost efficient.” However, the evidence base for this assertion is evolving and can be limited. There has been little research into how health researchers feel about involving people, how they go about it, how they manage formal policy rhetoric, and what happens in practice.ObjectiveTo explore researchers’ experiences and perceptions of patient and public involvement (PPI).MethodsSemi‐structured interview study of 36 health researchers (both clinical and non‐clinical), with data collection and thematic analysis informed by the theoretical domains framework.ResultsIn the course of our analysis, we developed four themes that encapsulate the participants’ experiences and perceptions of PPI. Participants expressed ambivalence, cynicism and enthusiasm about PPI, an activity that creates emotional labour, which is both rewarding and burdensome and requires practical and social support. It is operationalized in an academic context influenced by power and incentives.Discussion and conclusionsResearchers’ experiences and attitudes towards patient and public involvement are a key factor in the successful embedding of involvement within the wider research culture. We call for a culture change that supports the development of effective organizational approach to support involvement.
Thin variant of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion – relationship with high‐risk and possibly carcinogenic human papilloma virus subtypes and somatic cancer gene mutations
Authors: Regauer Sigrid , Reich Olaf , Kashofer Karl 
Published: March 2019

AimTo further characterise the thin variant of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) of the cervix defined by the World Health Organization as full‐thickness HSILs with nine or fewer cell layers.Methods and resultsWe examined 31 excisional cervical specimens featuring exclusively p16INK4a‐overexpressing thin HSILs with respect to size, location at the squamocolumnar junction or endocervical mucosa, human papilloma virus (HPV) subtypes (pretherapeutic clinical HPV tests and HPV genotyping on lesional tissue after excision), and somatic mutations in 50 cancer genes. Thin HSILs were typically solitary lesions, located at the squamocolumnar junction (20/31; 65%), in the endocervical columnar epithelium (6/31; 19%), and in both locations (5/31; 16%). The horizontal extension of thin HSILs ranged from 100 µm to 8 mm, with 30% being <1 mm. HPV data were available for 27 specimens. Twenty of 27 (74%) thin HSILs showed high‐risk HPV subtypes: HPV16 (n = 8), HPV16 with coinfection (n = 2), HPV18 (n = 1), HPV31 (n = 1), HPV33 (n = 2), HPV52/58 (n = 2), and ‘other’ high‐risk HPV genotypes (n = 4). Five of 27 (19%) thin HSILs showed possibly carcinogenic subtypes: HPV53 (n = 3), HPV73 (n = 1), and HPV82 (n = 1). One thin HSIL was induced by low‐risk HPV6 and one by the unclassified subtype HPV44. Somatic gene mutations were not identified.ConclusionThin HSILs were typically small lesions without somatic gene mutations. Two‐thirds of thin HSILs developed after a transforming infection with high‐risk HPV subtypes, and one‐third were induced by non‐high‐risk HPV subtypes. If cervical cancer screening relies solely on presently available clinical HPV DNA tests, a significant percentage of women with HSIL will be missed.
Quality and antioxidant properties of functional rice muffins enriched with shiitake mushroom and carrot pomace
Authors: Olawuyi Ibukunoluwa Fola , Lee Won Young 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis study developed functional muffin by incorporating bioactive‐rich food materials into rice muffin formulation. Rice flour was progressively replaced with shiitake mushroom powder (MP) and carrot pomace powder (CP) and effects on pasting, physical and textural properties, as well as the antioxidant activity and consumer acceptability, were evaluated. The pasting properties of rice flour were significantly influenced (P < 0.05) by MP and CP incorporation. The additional increase in the levels of MP and CP decreased the volume of enriched muffins with a subsequent increase in weight and hardness. Higher polyphenol and carotenoid contents were observed in enriched muffins, exhibiting higher 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant activity compared to rice muffins. Sensory result revealed enriched muffins to have comparable and better consumer acceptability than rice muffin. Improvement in antioxidant properties of the developed functional rice muffins by MP and CP incorporation makes it a potential snack, suitable for consumption for its health benefits.
Modification of rice protein with glutaminase for improved structural and sensory properties
Authors: Hu Yang , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Liu Peng‐zhan , Cui Chun , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2019

SummaryRice protein is highly nutritive and hypoallergenic but certain physicochemical properties restrict its applications in beverages. This study aimed to tackle this issue by modifying rice endosperm protein with glutaminase via deamidation. Glutaminase treatment facilitated an increase in deamidation degree and mean particle size of rice protein and a continuing decrease in turbidity with time. Favourable changes induced in sensory properties included: improved suspendability (increased by 81.25%), lumpiness (decreased by 84.78%), grittiness (decreased by 72.34%) and overall taste liking (improved by 12.24%). Visual observations of rice protein dispersions and turbidity measurements further confirmed the improved suspendability in water. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the action of glutaminase did not remarkably change the protein structure, but slightly reduced α‐helical conformation whilst increased β‐sheet and β‐turn structures. Glutaminase could be useful for deamidation modification of products with high content of glutamine residues (like rice protein), through inducing the breakdown of some intermolecular and intramolecular bonds including hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding without serious cleavage of the peptide bonds, allowing protein rearrangements to more flexible or extended forms. As a result of protein unfolding with more hydrophobic clusters exposed, certain physicochemical properties of rice protein were improved.
Effect of superheated steam inactivation on naturally existent microorganisms and enzymes of highland barley
Authors: Wang Haoran , Wang Lili , Tong Litao , Li Zaigui 
Published: March 2019

SummarySuperheated steam (SS) processing displayed noticeable effects on both microbial inactivation, including total bacterial count, Bacillus spp. and molds, and enzyme inactivation. Moisture content affected decontamination efficiency and recommendable moisture was 20%. Moisture adjusting method of spraying just before SS treatment was better than tempering. Molds were totally decontaminated by SS processing at 200 °C for 90 s and 120 °C for 180 s respectively. At 200 °C for 180 s, 99.98% of bacteria and 95.21% of Bacillus spp. were inactivated by spraying, while 99.95% of bacteria and 92.59% of Bacillus spp. were inactivated by tempering. The enzyme activity in highland barley processed with SS was decreased as processing time and temperature increased. Lipase showed better thermal resistance than peroxidase. Tempering was better in enzyme inactivation. SS treatment was effective in inactivating microorganisms and enzymes of highland barley, and could bring significant economic benefits to the highland barley industry.
Establishment of a method for the simultaneous detection of four foodborne pathogens using high‐throughput suspension array xTAG technology
Authors: Shi Yunxue , Wang Yan , Tian Yufei , Liu Wensen , Zhu Wenhe , Sun Chengbiao , Wang Xin , Xu Na , Shen Minghao 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe purpose of this study is to establish a rapid and accurate method based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with suspension array xTAG (Flexible Sequence‐tagged, xTAG) technology to simultaneously detect Salmonella Typhimurium, Brucella spp., Bacillus cereus and Shigella spp. in raw milk. The primers were designed based on the specific target gene of the four pathogenic bacteria, and then the TAG sequence was used to modify the primers. First, the products of PCR were hybridised with microspheres labelled with anti‐TAG, and then they were conjugated to streptavidin phycoerythrin. Finally, the products were detected on a Luminex 200 analyser. The results showed that the detection of milk samples demonstrated 100% specificity. The hybridisation conditions were successfully optimised. We successfully constructed a rapid, simple and high‐throughput method to detect four foodborne pathogens. In conclusion, the established xTAG detection method provides a highly specific and reliable way to detect four kinds of foodborne pathogens in milk products.
Fat‐specific protein 27α inhibits autophagy‐dependent lipid droplet breakdown in white adipocytes
Authors: Nakajima Shinsuke , Nishimoto Yuki , Tateya Sanshiro , Iwahashi Yasuyuki , Okamatsu‐Ogura Yuko , Saito Masayuki , Ogawa Wataru , Tamori Yoshikazu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionFat‐specific protein 27 (FSP27) α is the major isoform of FSP27 in white adipose tissue (WAT), and is essential for large unilocular lipid droplet (LD) formation in white adipocytes. In contrast, FSP27β is abundantly expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and plays an important role in small multilocular LD formation. In FSP27 KO mice in which FSP27α and β are both depleted, WAT is characterized by multilocular LD formation, and by increased mitochondrial abundance and energy expenditure, whereas BAT conversely manifests large oligolocular LDs and reduced energy expenditure.Materials and MethodsWe investigated the effects of autophagy in WAT and BAT of wild type (WT) and FSP27 knockout (KO) mice. In addition, we examined the effects of FSP27α and FSP27β to the induction of autophagy in COS cells.ResultsFood deprivation induced autophagy in BAT of WT mice, as well as in WAT of FSP27 KO mice, suggesting that enhanced autophagy is characteristic of adipocytes with small multilocular LDs. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy attenuated the fasting‐induced loss of LD area in adipocytes with small multilocular LDs (BAT of WT mice and WAT of FSP27 KO mice), without affecting that in adipocytes with large unilocular or oligolocular LDs (WAT of WT mice or in BAT of FSP27 KO mice). Overexpression of FSP27α inhibited autophagy induction by serum deprivation in COS cells, whereas that of FSP27β had no such effect.ConclusionsThe present results thus showed that FSP27α inhibits autophagy and might thereby contribute to the energy‐storage function of WAT.
High social motivation induces deficits in maternal behaviour but not plasticity of the subventricular zone in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Lumineau Sophie , Pawluski Jodi L. , Charlier Thierry D. , Beylard Amandine , Aigueperse Nadège , Bertin Aline , Lévy Frédéric 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMaternal behaviour develops differently depending on the characteristics of an individual, such as age or emotional reactivity. Social motivation, defined as the propensity to establish social contact, has received little attention in relation to maternal behaviour in birds. In addition, the transition to motherhood is a time of plasticity in the brain of the new mother in mammals. However, it remains to be determined how maternal brain plasticity is affected in avian species. The present study investigated how a the social motivation of a mother alters maternal behaviour and brain plasticity of the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Adult females from lines selected for high and low social motivation were exposed to chicks for 11 days. After maternal care testing, and at matched time points in controls, the brains of females were perfused for assessment of doublecortin‐immunoreactive staining, a marker of neurogenesis, in the subventricular zone (SVZ), a neurogenic niche. The results obtained showed that high socially motivated female quail spent significantly less time performing maternal behaviour when exposed to chicks compared to low socially motivated females. Moreover, the warming of chicks by high socially motivated females involved less covering postures and mothers were more rejecting of chicks. Interestingly, the plasticity indicators in the SVZ did not differ between low and high socially motivated females and were not associated with differences in maternal caregiving when using doublecortin‐immunoreactive staining. Thus, high social motivation in this avian species does not favour maternal behaviour and this level of motivation to the mother is not related to changes in neuroplasticity in the SVZ of the female quail.
Depressive symptoms and deficits in stress‐reactive negative, positive, and within‐emotion‐category differentiation: A daily diary study
Authors: Willroth Emily C. , Flett Jayde A. M. , Mauss Iris B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe present research aimed to better understand deficits in emotion differentiation that accompany depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms have been associated with more undifferentiated negative emotion experiences—experiencing multiple negative emotions simultaneously. We extend previous research by asking: (a) Are depressive symptoms and negative and positive emotion differentiation related above and beyond emotion intensity? (b) Are deficits in negative emotion differentiation specific to distinct categories of negative emotions (sadness, guilt, anger, and anxiety)? and (c) Do age or gender predict emotion differentiation or its associations with depressive symptoms?MethodIn 220 community participants (59% female; 21–60 years), we assessed depressive symptoms using surveys and emotion differentiation using daily diary emotion ratings in response to daily stressful events.ResultsGreater depressive symptoms were associated with lower negative, but not positive, emotion differentiation, above and beyond emotion intensity. Depressive symptoms were specifically related to lower differentiation among sadness‐related emotions, and this sadness‐specific deficit accounted for the deficit in negative emotion differentiation. Age and gender did not predict or moderate associations with emotion differentiation.ConclusionDepressive symptoms are associated with undifferentiated negative emotions above and beyond emotion intensity, and this association appears to be driven by undifferentiated sadness‐related emotions, across gender and age.
Disparities in Persistent Victimization and Associated Internalizing Symptoms for Heterosexual Versus Sexual Minority Youth
Authors: Kaufman Tessa M. L. , Baams Laura , Veenstra René 
Published: March 2019

This study investigated whether lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents were at higher risk for persistent victimization of bullying compared to heterosexual adolescents, and how victimization trajectories were associated with internalizing symptom development across LGB and heterosexual adolescents. Data came from a five‐wave study (MageT1 = 11.1 to MageT5 = 22.3; n = 151 LGB; n = 1,275 heterosexual) and informants were adolescents and their parents. Adolescents were classified in three victimization trajectories: persistent (5.6%), decreasing (28.1%) or low (66.3%) victimization. LGB adolescents reported more persistent victimization, relative to no (OR = 6.79, 95% CI [3.52, 13.13]) or decreasing victimization (OR = 3.09, 95% CI [1.53, 6.24]), compared to heterosexual peers. Further, persistent victimization was more strongly associated with anxiety among LGB than among heterosexual adolescents.
Sequential changes in urine production, glomerular filtration rate, and electrolyte excretion after mannitol administration
Authors: Segev Gilad , Stafford Cheryl , Kirby John , Cowgill Larry D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) leading to severe uremia is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic, widely used in the management of AKI, both as a bolus injection and as a constant rate infusion (CRI).ObjectivesTo determine the plasma concentration of mannitol after a bolus injection and CRI at the recommended dosages, and to assess the effect of mannitol on renal function variables including urine production, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and solute excretion.MethodsProspective cross‐over design study, using 6 healthy dogs. Each dog underwent 3 protocols with at least a 7‐day washout period between protocols. The first protocol included bolus injection of mannitol, the second protocol included bolus injection followed by CRI of mannitol and the third protocol (control) included injection of 5% dextrose in water (D5W). Urine production, GFR, and fractional excretion (FE) of solutes were measured for 10 hours.ResultsFor all protocols, urine production significantly (P < .001) increased after bolus injection, but no significant difference in urine production or GFR was observed among the treatment groups. Mannitol injection increased the FE of sodium and urea nitrogen, but these effects were short‐lived.ConclusionsMannitol has minimal effect on urine production and GFR but does increase FE of urea nitrogen and sodium, immediately after bolus injection. Constant rate infusion at a conventional dosage of 1 mg/kg/min cannot maintain these effects in dogs with normal renal function, because mannitol concentration decreases rapidly.
Risk balancing through selective use of social and physical information: a case study in the humbug damselfish
Authors: Kent M. I. A. , Burns A. L. , Figueira W. F. , Mazue G. P. F. , Porter A. G. , Wilson A. D. M. , Ward A. J. W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo effectively balance the need to forage against the need to avoid predation, animals should utilize information from both their physical and social environments. However, most studies have considered these factors in isolation and few have investigated how animals change the use of these cues temporally. Using novel 3D modeling of the environment and 3D observations of fish movement, we investigated how local abiotic and biotic features of the environment, along with tidal patterns, impacted risk‐related behaviors using humbug damselfish,Dascyllus aruanus,in coral reef habitats as a model system. We found that damselfish balance risk by utilizing cues from both the physical and the social environment, although the relative importance of these cues changes according to tide. At flowing tide, when food resources are typically more abundant, damselfish increased their foraging behavior, but only when their external social environment offered protection from predation. At slack tide, when food resources are typically less abundant, damselfish were not responsive to their external social environment. Regardless of tide, damselfish living in smaller corals showed more risk‐averse behavior, emphasizing the importance of local refuge availability on risk perception. Our results underscore the flexible use of social and physical information along temporal scales and how both biotic and abiotic features influence the trade‐off adopted between foraging and refuging behavior.
The developmental regulator MtrA binds GlnR boxes and represses nitrogen metabolism genes inStreptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Zhu Yanping , Zhang Peipei , Zhang Jing , Xu Wenhao , Wang Xinyuan , Wu Lili , Sheng Duohong , Ma Wei , Cao Guangxiang , Chen Xiu‐lan , Lu Yinhua , Zhang Yu‐Zhong , Pang Xiuhua 
Published: March 2019

SummaryInStreptomyces, GlnR is an activator protein that activates nitrogen‐assimilation genes under nitrogen‐limiting conditions. However, less is known regarding the regulation of these genes under nitrogen‐rich conditions. We determined that the developmental regulator MtrA represses nitrogen‐assimilation genes in nitrogen‐rich media and that it competes with GlnR for binding to GlnR boxes. The GlnR boxes upstream of multiple nitrogen genes, such asamtB, were confirmed as MtrA binding sitesin vitroby electrophoretic mobility shift assays andin vivoby ChIP‐qPCR analysis. Transcriptional analysis indicated that, on nutrient‐rich medium, MtrA profoundly repressed expression of nitrogen‐associated genes, indicating opposing roles for MtrA and GlnR in the control of nitrogen metabolism. Usingin vitroandin vivoanalysis, we also showed thatglnRis itself a direct target of MtrA and that MtrA repressesglnRtranscription. We further demonstrated functional conservation of MtrA homologues in the recognition of GlnR boxes upstream of nitrogen genes from different actinobacterial species. AsmtrAandglnRare widespread among actinomycetes, this mechanism of potential competitive control over nitrogen metabolism genes may be common in this group, adding a major new layer of complexity to the known regulatory network for nitrogen metabolism inStreptomycesand related species.