bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alignment of the Performance Assessment for School Leaders to the Professional Standards for Educational Leaders: A Distance‐Based Approach
Authors: Swiggett Wanda D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe conducted a distance‐based alignment study for the Performance Assessment for School Leaders (PASL). PASL is a multiple‐task portfolio assessment that requires candidates to submit contextual information, written responses, and artifacts (e.g., student work) to provide evidence of the completion of the task requirements. This alignment study supports the content validity of the PASL by providing evidence from external judges indicating that the assessment measures the knowledge and skills outlined in the Professional Standards for Educational Leaders (PSEL). This research report also documents the distance‐based methods that were used to complete the alignment study. An expert panel of eight educators provided judgments indicating the alignment between the PASL and the PSEL. Panelists were provided with preparatory information about the assessment and the standards before attending a webinar that provided more detailed information about the PASL. Training was provided via recorded presentations, and panelists used an online survey to complete their alignment judgments independently. Panelists then completed final evaluations using an online survey. The panel judged that the PASL measures all 10 PSEL standards and 61% of the supporting elements.
Exome chip‐driven association study of lipidemia in >14,000 Koreans and evaluation of genetic effect on identified variants between different ethnic groups
Authors: Han Sohee , Hwang Mi Yeong , Yoon Kyungheon , Kim Yun Kyoung , Kim Young‐Jin , Kim Bong‐Jo , Moon Sanghoon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLipid levels in blood are widely used to diagnose and monitor chronic diseases. It is essential to identify the genetic traits involved in lipid metabolism for understanding chronic diseases. However, the influence of genetic traits varies depending on race, sex, age, and ethnicity. Therefore, research focusing on populations of individual countries is required, and the results can be used as a basis for comparison of results of other studies at the cross‐racial and cross‐country levels. In the present study, we selected lipid‐related variants and evaluated their effects on lipid‐related diseases in more than 14,000 subjects of three cohorts using the Illumina Human Exome Beadchip. A genome‐wide association study was conducted using EPACTs after adjusting for age, sex, and recruitment area. A genome‐wide significance cutoff was defined as p < 5E−08 in all the three cohorts. Sixteen variants represented the lipid traits and were classified as vulnerable to borderline hypertriglyceridemia, hyper‐LDL‐cholesterolemia, or hypo‐HDL‐cholesterolemia. Moreover, we compared the genetic effects of the 16 variants between ethnic groups and identified the missense variants in apolipoprotein A‐V, cholesterol ester transfer protein, and apolipoprotein E as Asian‐specific. Our study provides candidate genes as markers for chronic diseases through the evaluation of genetic effects.
Hippocampal transcriptomic responses to enzyme‐mediated cellular dissociation
Authors: Harris Rayna M. , Kao Hsin‐Yi , Alarcon Juan Marcos , Hofmann Hans A. , Fenton André A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSingle‐neuron gene expression studies may be especially important for understanding nervous system structure and function because of the neuron‐specific functionality and plasticity that defines functional neural circuits. Cellular dissociation is a prerequisite technical manipulation for single‐cell and single cell‐population studies, but the extent to which the cellular dissociation process affects neural gene expression has not been determined. This information is necessary for interpreting the results of experimental manipulations that affect neural function such as learning and memory. The goal of this research was to determine the impact of cellular dissociation on brain transcriptomes. We compared gene expression of microdissected samples from the dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, and CA1 subfields of the mouse hippocampus either prepared by a standard tissue homogenization protocol or subjected to enzymatic digestion used to dissociate cells within tissues. We report that compared to homogenization, enzymatic dissociation alters about 350 genes or 2% of the hippocampal transcriptome. While only a few genes canonically implicated in long‐term potentiation and fear memory change expression levels in response to the dissociation procedure, these data indicate that sample preparation can affect gene expression profiles, which might confound interpretation of results depending on the research question. This study is important for the investigation of any complex tissues as research effort moves from subfield level analysis to single cell analysis of gene expression.
All‐trans retinoic acid eluting poly(diol citrate) wafers for treatment of glioblastoma
Authors: Jones Tarielle , Zhang Bisheng , Major Stephano , Webb Antonio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurrent treatments for glioblastoma have failed to significantly increase patient survival, are extremely cytotoxic, can cause severe side effects, and are ineffective. Given these limitations, drugs other than cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are being explored. Recent studies show that all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) could be effective on cancer cells as they have been shown to suppress carcinogenesis in a variety of tumor types and can reverse premalignant lesions and inhibit the development of secondary tumors in the head and neck of cancer patients. However, the therapeutic effects of retinoids such as ATRA are undermined by its rapidin vivometabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes, difficulty in crossing the blood–brain barrier, and sensitivity to isomerization/degradation. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a porous poly(1,8‐octanediol‐co‐citrate; POC) wafer that stabilizes all‐trans retinoic acid, while slowly releasing ATRA over 3 months. Release of ATRA from POC wafers inhibited proliferation of U87MG (glioblastoma) cells and caused upregulation in genes associated with differentiation into normal phenotype and apoptosis. Therefore, ATRA eluting poly(diol citrate) wafers are a promising treatment option compared to traditional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents.
Naphthyridine‐based iridium complexes: Structures and catalytic activity on alkylation of aryl ketones
Authors: Chen Po‐Hao , Liu Yi‐Hung , Liu Shiuh‐Tzung 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIridium(III) complexes containing a designed ligand, 2‐amino‐7‐(2‐pyridinyl)‐1,8‐naphthyridine derivative, were prepared and all complexes were characterized using spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. These new Ir(III) complexes are able to act as catalysts for the C‐alkylation of aryl alkyl ketones with the use of alcohols as the alkylating agent. Typically, acetophenone undergoes alkylation with methanol and ethanol to yield isobutyrophenone and butyrophenone, respectively.
Real‐World Data Approaches for Early Detection of Potential Safety and Effectiveness Signals for Generic Substitution: A Metoprolol Extended‐Release Case Study
Authors: Brown Joshua D. , Henriksen Carl , Vozmediano Valvanera , Schmidt Stephan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReal‐world spontaneous adverse event reports and administrative health care data were utilized as one part of a multipronged approach to verify surveillance signals related to generic drug formulations. This study used metoprolol succinate extended release as a historic case example from which to develop an analytic framework. The US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System was utilized for disproportionality analyses and to identify outcomes of interest. Claims data were analyzed for generic uptake, proportion of prescriptions with “dispense as written” orders, time to discontinuation or switching, and relative rates of clinical events. Adverse Event Reporting System data showed that the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities terms for product quality were higher for generic metoprolol cases and that a number of clinical events were increased that could be side effects of high or low variability in drug levels. Compared to amlodipine‐benazepril, which also had a first‐approved generic at the same time, market share data showed that metoprolol succinate had lower utilization and more prescriptions written as dispense as written. Switching and discontinuation were generally higher for metoprolol users compared to amlodipine‐benazepril users. Finally, clinical event rates were generally higher for generic versus brand metoprolol but lower for the same comparison for amlodipine‐benazepril users. In the claims‐based analyses, the 90‐day period immediately after generic entry provided stronger signal capture than using the entire study period. This analytic framework can be implemented to actively monitor new generic formulations for potential bioequivalence failures. Signals from these analyses require confirmation (eg, via pharmacometric analyses) to be informative for regulatory action.
Fixed‐bed biological barrier coupled with electrokinetics for the in situ electrobioremediation of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid polluted soil
Authors: Barba Silvia , Carvela Mireya , Villaseñor José , Rodrigo Manuel A , Cañizares Pablo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work studies the in situ electrobioremediation (EBR) of clay soil polluted with 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) in a two‐stage method. First, a fixed‐bed biofilm reactor able to biodegrade 2,4‐D in wastewater was developed; second, a portion of the biofilm‐covered bed was included in the polluted soil and used as a biological permeable reactive barrier (BioPRB), whereas electrokinetics were used to promote the contact between pollutant and microorganisms into the soil.RESULTSThe fixed‐bed biofilm reactor successfully treated wastewater polluted with 2,4‐D concentrations up to 1200 mg L−1 and under non‐oxygenated conditions because of the culture ability to use nitrate as electron acceptor. A portion of the stationary biofilm was later used as a BioPRB in the polluted soil to perform in situ EBR study. The study was performed in a bench scale set‐up using potentiostatic conditions (1.0 V cm−1), room temperature and periodic polarity reversal (2 d−1) in a 10 day batch experiment. The feasibility of the proposed technology was checked by the comparison with a conventional in situ bioremediation test without electrokinetics. The EBR treatment, coupling electrokinetics with the previously developed BioPRB, offered 85% removal efficiency of 2,4‐D after 10 days. According to the low removal efficiency observed in the reference test, it was proved that the electrokinetic transport phenomena improved contact between pollutant and microorganisms and clearly increased 2,4‐D removal rate.CONCLUSIONSAccording to these results it is considered that the combination of electrokinetics and biobarriers could be a promising technology to achieve remediation of low permeable soils polluted with pesticides. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Intrabiliary metastases in colorectal cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Latorre Fragua Raquel A. , Manuel Vazquez Alba , Rodrigues Figueira Yuri , Ramiro Pérez Carmen , López Marcano Aylhin J. , de la Plaza Llamas Roberto , Ramia Ángel Jose Manuel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundLiver metastases emerge during the course of colorectal cancer (CRC) in 25–50% of patients. A small proportion of patients present intrabiliary growth. The absence of large series means that little is known about intrabiliary metastasis (IBM), its radiological diagnosis, the most suitable surgical techniques, and its prognostic implications.MethodsA systematic search without limits was performed. The studies selected included patients with a diagnosis of CRC and associated IBM, either synchronous or metachronous.ResultsOf 40 studies selected, 30 were case reports and 10 case series. The median time between diagnosis and IBM was 46.7 months (range 0–180). Most CRC metastases are CK7−/CK20+. Surgical treatment performed ranged from endoscopic resection to major hepatic resections combined with pancreatectomies. It seems that patients with IBM have a better survival than patients without this metastasis.ConclusionIn a patient with a history of CRC presenting dilatation of the bile duct, IBM should be considered. More studies are needed to determine the most appropriate type of liver resection. It is also necessary to standardize the definition and terminology of this pathology, since the existing definitions may cause confusion and make it difficult to carry out case studies and case series.
Turning the tide: The shift to climate change mitigation
Authors: Shilt‐Moody Ninette , Tsai Edward 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the United States, a growing number of companies are taking progressive steps to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Already, more than half of all Fortune 100 companies have announced clean energy targets, signaling climate change risk reduction is becoming a top priority. Climate change is not without controversy, yet it is a real business concern among corporate executives and health care leaders alike. From fears stoked by devastating wildfires in California to a rising tide of financial hardships due to hurricane flooding in the Southeast, it seems no region is immune to Mother Nature's growing cost to business. This report addresses how health care leaders are approaching climate change initiatives across the country by examining research articles, key opinion leaders, and health care organizations on the bleeding edge of climate change reduction. In an already complex industry, health care leaders have a special responsibility to do no harm to the patients they serve and a financial responsibility to drive monetary returns for invested stakeholders. Significant cost savings, long‐term risk reduction, and improved population health are a few of the benefits health care organizations around the country can gain from building a sound climate change mitigation strategy.
A decapolar 25‐mm‐diameter circular mapping catheter with improved detection of pulmonary vein potential disappearance in cryoballoon ablation
Authors: Matsuda Yasuhiro , Masuda Masaharu , Asai Mitsutoshi , Iida Osamu , Okamoto Shin , Ishihara Takayuki , Nanto Kiyonori , Kanda Takashi , Tsujimura Takuya , Okuno Shota , Tsuji Aki , Mano Toshiaki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundDisappearance of pulmonary vein (PV) potentials is an important indicator of successful PV isolation during cryoballoon ablation. Conventional octapolar 20‐mm‐diameter circular PV mapping catheters occasionally fail to identify persistent PV potentials. A new decapolar 25‐mm‐diameter circular PV mapping catheter has been introduced to improve the detection of PV potentials and their elimination. We compared the detection rates of PV potential disappearance between the decapolar and the octapolar PV mapping catheters.Methods and ResultsA total of 44 consecutive patients (175 PVs) undergoing initial cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation were included. The decapolar catheter was used for 79 (45%) PVs in 20 (45%) patients. There was no difference in left atrial diameter or PV diameter in patients mapped with the two catheters. The decapolar mapping catheter demonstrated a significantly higher detection rate of PV potential disappearance than the octapolar catheter. The need for touch‐up ablation was similar between the two groups (5% vs 8%, P = 0.39). When PV potentials were identified, the decapolar catheter detected significantly higher‐amplitude PV potentials than the octapolar catheter. In multivariate analysis, use of the decapolar catheter was an independent predictor of the detection of PV potential disappearance.ConclusionsThe decapolar PV mapping catheter demonstrated improved detection of PV potential disappearance in cryoballoon PV isolation.
Krafft Point Prediction of Anionic Surfactants Using Group Contribution Method: First‐Order and Higher‐Order Groups
Authors: Chanachichalermwong Woramet , Charoensaeng Ampira , Suriyapraphadilok Uthaiporn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractKrafft point is one of the key properties of anionic surfactants to indicate their solubility in an aqueous phase. Below the Krafft point, the surfactant is a useless solid. We have developed a prediction model for the Krafft point based on the Marrero and Gani Group Contribution (GC) concept. Literature data were analyzed and a new third‐order level was proposed to improve the model accuracy. The Krafft points of 53 anionic surfactants were collected including alkyl sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl ethoxy sulfate, alkyl ester sulfonate, alkyl ester sulfate, alkyl disulfate, alkyldiphenylether disulfonates, alkyl diester sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, and fluorocarbon surfactants. The coefficients of the fractional groups in a surfactant molecule reveal the dependence of the Krafft point on the internal structure. Compared to the more complicated models such as those based on advanced statistical concept, the GC model for the Krafft point developed in this work gives a higher accuracy with a simpler calculation.
Exploration and optimization of conditions for quantitative analysis of lignans in Schisandra chinensis by an online supercritical fluid extraction with supercritical fluid chromatography system
Authors: Dai Zhuoshun , Xin Huaxia , Fu Qing , Hao Hongyuan , Li Qiang , Liu Qiaoxia , Jin Yu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn online supercritical fluid extraction with supercritical fluid chromatography system could provide sequential extraction and quantitative analysis of lignans in Schisandra chinensis. Supercritical fluid extraction conditions were optimized at 15 MPa, 50°C, and 4 min with supercritical CO2 adding 1% methanol; the elution volume and flow rate were set at 6 mL and 2 mL/min to blow extract out of the tank completely. The split‐flow rate was confirmed at 2.5%, which determines injection volume and accuracy of quantitative detection. The factors having negative influences on supercritical fluid chromatography retention in the online system, including sample loading forms and backpressure settings, are discussed in the paper. At last, an extraction‐quantitative method for lignans in Schisandra chinensis was developed, which could be finished within 19.5 min. The total content percentage of four lignans (Schisandrin, Schisandrin A, Schisandrin B and Schisandrol B) in four batches was respectively measured to be 1.42, 1.54, 1.62, and 1.90%.
ZW290 Increases Cold Tolerance by Inducing Thermogenesis via the Upregulation of Uncoupling Protein 1 in Brown Adipose Tissue In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Wang Nan , Lu Hong‐yuan , Li Xiang , Du Ya‐jie , Meng Wei‐hong , Ding Huai‐wei , Zhao Qing‐Chun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo provide molecular evidence on the thermogenic mechanism of primary brown adipocytes, western blot analysis was used to detect brown adipose tissue (BAT)‐specific gene expressions. BAT protects the mammals from hypothermia injury with a large amount of mitochondria and high expression of uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1), which is the vital protein to determine the heat production in BAT. In our previous study, the compound ZW290 (the structure shown in Fig. 1) was obtained by molecular docking with a UCP1 inducer. In the present study, ZW290 not only significantly upregulated the expression of UCP1 protein (p < 0.01) and its related signaling pathway in the primary brown adipocytes, but also remarkably decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (p < 0.01). Kunming (KM) mice were kept under acute cold exposure (−20°C) to evaluate the preventive and protective effects of ZW290 on cold injury, and revealed its regulating mechanism in vitro. The rectal and body temperatures of ZW290‐treated mice were significantly higher than those of the control (or model) group both at room temperature and at −20°C (p < 0.001). Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry indicated that ZW290 notably decreased the size of lipid droplets in BAT and increased the content of mitochondria and the expression of UCP1 in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT). Furthermore, the survival rate showed that ZW290 could prolong the overall survival of mice. Therefore, we obtained the conclusion that ZW290 might transform energy into heat by inhibiting ATP synthesis and increasing the expression of UCP1. Additionally, ZW290 may enhance cold tolerance by increasing heat production through increasing the content of mitochondria and the expression of UCP1 in BAT and WAT.
Cyclic Hydrazide‐Functionalized Poly(ethylene oxide) Frameworks for the Synthesis of pH‐Cleavable Drug‐Carriers and Their Applications for the Stabilization of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Geon Chang , Seo Donghwa , Kim Junggyu , Siddique Abu B. , Park Hyeonjong , Kim Hyun Jun , Kang Ho‐Jung , Lee Jae Yeol , Lim Jeewoo , Kim Jungahn , Kim Sehoon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, two different types of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) frameworks with different functional groups such as the thiol group and cyclic hydrazide in the α,ω‐positions bearing “smartness” are introduced. These heterobifunctional PEOs are synthesized via different functionalization approaches using t‐butoxy PEO. Heterobifunctional PEOs, both α‐luminol‐ω‐thiol PEO and α‐thiol‐ω‐cyclic hydrazide PEO, are prepared by chain‐end functionalization of the reactive t‐butoxy PEOs. The chain‐end luminol as a cyclic hydrazide is found to be effective to yield pH‐responsive prodrugs from the reaction with doxorubicin (Dox) yielding corresponding Dox‐tethered PEO. The active t‐butoxy PEO‐initiated block copolymerization of N‐phenylmaleimide (N‐PMI) in acetone yields a block copolymer controlled in the 3‐ to 5‐units range of the N‐PMI group. The deprotection of the t‐butoxy group, followed by tosylation, thioacetylaton, and the Gabriel process, provides corresponding α‐thiol‐ω‐cyclic hydrazide PEO. The functionality yields are almost quantitative (over 98 mol%). Polymeric prodrugs such as Dox‐tethered PEO and folate‐conjugated PEO are successfully employed for the stabilization of gold (Au) nanoparticles. The resulting products are characterized by a combination of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic, ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopic, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), transmission electron microscopic (TEM), and size‐exclusion chromatographic (SEC) analysis.
Crossed product of C*‐algebras by hypergroups
Authors: Amini Massoud , Nikpey Hamed , Tabatabaie Seyyed Mohammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe crossed product of ‐algebras by groups, groupoids and semigroups are well studied. In this paper we introduce and study the crossed product of ‐algebras by (locally compact) hypergroups. We calculate the crossed products by finite hypergroups of orders 2 and 3.
On the radius of spatial analyticity for the modified Kawahara equation on the line
Authors: Petronilho Gerson , Leal da Silva Priscila 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFirst, by using linear and trilinear estimates in Bourgain type analytic and Gevrey spaces, the local well‐posedness of the Cauchy problem for the modified Kawahara equation on the line is established for analytic initial data that can be extended as holomorphic functions in a strip around the x‐axis. Next we use this local result and a Gevrey approximate conservation law to prove that global solutions exist. Furthermore, we obtain explicit lower bounds for the radius of spatial analyticity given by , where can be taken arbitrarily small and c is a positive constant.