bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ECR: Eviction‐cost‐aware cache management policy for page‐level flash‐based SSDs
Authors: Chen Hao , Pan Yubiao , Li Cheng , Xu Yinlong 
Published: July 2019

SummaryCache management policy plays a key role in offering low latency access to flash‐based SSDs. Most existing solutions including LRU and its successors only focus on improving the cache hit ratio, but rarely consider to reduce the waiting time of the eviction operation in the page‐level mapping FTLs. As the workloads spreading across internal chips of modern flash‐based SSDs are often highly imbalanced when workloads are write‐intensive, the time cost of evicting a dirty page from cache varies in a wide range. In this paper, we propose a novel eviction‐cost‐aware cache management policy, called ECR, to minimize the eviction cost in write‐dominant applications. ECR gives a higher probability to evict a page, which causes the shortest waiting time in the corresponding chip queue. To achieve this, we introduce a monitor module to keep track of states of all chip queues, and a multi‐LRU list structure to accelerate the selection of a victim chip and a target page in cache to perform an eviction. Our experimental results show that ECR can significantly reduce the average response time by as much as 59.55% and 44.84% compared to LRU and GCaR‐CFLRU, respectively, where GCaR‐CFLRU is the combination of state‐of‐the‐art algorithm GCaR and CFLRU.
Structure and gradient‐based industrial interpolation using computational intelligence
Authors: Jeon Gwanggil 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIndustry and medical imaging are technologies and processes of managing subjective representations of the industry product, interior of a body for analyzing. The deinterlacing is the procedure of transforming interlaced signal into progressive one. In this paper, I propose a new single field deinterlacing method which has three sub‐methods: bilinear method, small filter‐based method, and large filter‐based method. Pixels in a given image are grouped into three regions by calculated local mean and variance values: stable region, neutral region, and complex region. To implement deinterlacing process, I use weight average filter by considering two factors (the likeness factor and the distance factor) and determine region characteristics. Simulation results inform that the presented method yields satisfactory results in objective metrics (PSNR, SSIM, implementation time) and subjective quality.
Estimation of a physical activity energy expenditure with a patch‐type sensor module using artificial neural network
Authors: Kang Kyeung Ho , Shin Si Ho , Jung Jaehyo , Kim Youn Tae 
Published: July 2019

SummaryChronic diseases such as coronary artery diseases and diabetes are caused by lack of physical activities and are leading causes of high death and morbidity rates. In particular, the imbalance of consumption energy and intake energy has increased adult diseases such as obesity with high mortality. Until recently, direct calorimetry by production calorie and indirect calorimetry by energy expenditure have been regarded as the best methods for estimating physical activity and energy expenditure. These calorimetry methods are associated with limited practicality such as data acquisition in a limited time, high cost, and wearing an inconvenient mask for oxygen uptake measurement. In this study, we propose the most accurate method using a wireless patch‐type sensor to predict the energy expenditure of physical activities. Through the optimization of the prediction of energy expenditure of physical activities using the neural network algorithm, we achieved RMSE of 0.1893 and R2 of 0.91 for the energy expenditures of aerobic and anaerobic exercises. These results indicate that the proposed system is useful and reliable for monitoring user's energy expenditure when using attached patch‐type sensors workouts.
Intermolecular London Dispersion Interactions of Azobenzene Switches for Tuning Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Kunz Anne , Heindl Andreas H. , Dreos Ambra , Wang Zhihang , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper , Becker Jonathan , Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe performance of molecular solar thermal energy storage systems (MOST) depends amongst others on the amount of energy stored. Azobenzenes have been investigated as high‐potential materials for MOST applications. In the present study it could be shown that intermolecular attractive London dispersion interactions stabilize the (E)‐isomer in bisazobenzene that is linked by different alkyl bridges. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements revealed, that this interaction leads to an increased storage energy per azo‐unit of more than 3 kcal/mol compared to the parent azobenzene. The origin of this effect has been supported by computation as well as X‐ray analysis. In the solid state structure attractive London dispersion interactions between the C−H of the alkyl bridge and the π‐system of the azobenzene could be clearly assigned. This concept will be highly useful in designing more effective MOST systems in the future.
Exploring the Photochemical Reactivity of Multifunctional Photocaged Dienes in Continuous Flow
Authors: Zaquen Neomy , Haven Joris J. , Rubens Maarten , Altintas Ozcan , Bohländer Peggy , Offenloch Janin T. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Junkers Tanja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlow reactors become more and more automated by enabling on‐line reaction monitoring and adjusting the process parameters. On‐line monitoring of chemical processes is a valuable tool to steer processes, leading to precise engineering of macromolecular materials. Detailed information about specific product patterns, end‐group functionality or material composition can be obtained by coupling a flow reactor to a mass spectrometer (e. g. ESI‐MS). In this work, we study the deprotection of maleimides and its subsequent photoenol functionalization to synthesize complex macromolecules using a photo flow reactor coupled to an ESI‐MS. Using a trapping agent (TA), furan is efficiently removed from the maleimide Diels−Alder adduct within just minutes at 175 °C and quantitatively converted into an unreactive species that does not interfere with further reactions of the maleimide. The photoenol reaction was likewise shown to be highly effective to proceed in microreactors, reaching quantitative conversion of trifunctional molecules in as little as 2 min.
Antibacterial efficacy of silver diamine fluoride as a root canal irrigant
Authors: Al‐Madi Ebtissam M. , Al‐Jamie Manar A. , Al‐Owaid Noura M. , Almohaimede Amal A. , Al‐Owid Albandary M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesConventional disinfectants and medicaments have not been able to achieve and maintain sterilization of root canals. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of 3.8% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in comparison with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.Materials and methodsExtracted human teeth were used to make 70 dentin discs that were then inoculated with E. faecalis to generate a 3‐week‐old biofilm model. The discs were subjected to treatment with 3.8% SDF, 2% CHX, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), or saline for 10 min. After exposure, the dentin discs were examined with a confocal laser scanning microscope to verify the percentage of live versus dead cells within the biofilm. Univariate one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey‐honestly significant difference post hoc analysis (p < .05) were performed to detect significant differences.Results and conclusionThe NaOCl group showed the greatest percentage of dead cells (62.26%) among all groups (p < .05). The SDF group showed a significantly higher percentage of dead cells (57.39%) than the 2% CHX and saline groups (p < .05). SDF possessed higher antimicrobial activity than 2% CHX against E. faecalis biofilms.
Nanoliposomes Co‐Encapsulating Photoswitchable Probe and Photosensitizer for Super‐Resolution Optical Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Xu Hao , Chen Bingling , Gong Wanjun , Yang Zhigang , Qu Junle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhotosensitizers (PSs) are ideal cancer theranostic drugs that can be administered as both fluorescence imaging reagents and photodynamic therapy (PDT) drugs. To improve the tumoritropic behavior of PSs, nanoliposomes are presently being considered as optimal PSs carriers. Although nanoliposomal PSs have been utilized in clinical therapy, PSs localization and photosensitive processing in nanoliposomal PSs are rarely observed on nanoscale. Investigating changes in the fine structure of nanoliposomes under photosensitive processing will further our understanding of the photosensitive effect on nanoliposomal PSs. In this study, nanoliposomes co‐encapsulating the PSs benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid A (BPD) and the photoswitchable probe Cy5‐927 were prepared to realize PDT and nanoscale super‐resolution optical imaging. The fine structures of nanoliposomal BPD and Cy5‐927 (LBC) were visualized by a home‐built stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). Our PDT results showed that the photorelease and PDT efficiency of BPD were not decreased by co‐encapsulating with Cy5‐927 in LBC. Taken together, LBC can be used as a new optical probe and PDT reagent for investigating changes in nanoliposomes fine structure and micro‐interaction in the cellular process of PDT. Therefore, our results deepened our understanding of liposome‐based PDT for optimizing cancer treatment. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Artifactual Kappa Light Chain Restriction of Marrow Hematogones: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall in Minimal Residual Disease Assessment of Plasma Cell Myeloma Patients on Daratumumab
Authors: Jiang Xiu yan , Luider Joanne , Shameli Afshin 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundDaratumumab (DARA) is a humanized Immunoglobulin G(IgG)1‐kappa monoclonal antibody against CD38 antigen that is shown to improve outcomes in relapsed/refractory plasma cell myeloma (PCM) patients. Since CD38 is expressed by different hematopoietic elements, DARA has the potential to interfere with flow cytometric assessment of bone marrow specimens.MethodsFlow cytometric analysis of bone marrow samples from 10 PCM on DARA and 5 control samples was performed using two different antibody panels.ResultsBone marrow samples from PCM patients on DARA exhibited a population of CD19+ CD10+ B‐lymphoid cells with kappa light chain restriction. Further morphological and immunophenotypic studies suggested that this population represents marrow hematogones. Marrow hematogones from control samples showed normal immunophenotypic profiles.ConclusionDARA on the surface of hematogones interferes with flow cytometric clonality study leading to artifactual kappa light chain restriction, which can result in false interpretation of a concurrent clonal B‐cell proliferation. In the era of rapidly growing list of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, flow cytometry pathologists should be aware of potential interferences to avoid misdiagnosis. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Comprehensive Flow‐Cytometry‐Based Immunophenotyping Analysis for Accurate Diagnosis and Management of Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type
Authors: Wang Jian‐Chao , Deng Xue‐Qin , Liu Wei‐Ping , Gao Li‐Min , Zhang Wen‐Yan , Yan Jia‐Qi , Ye Yun‐Xia , Liu Feng , Zhao Sha 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundExtranodal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL‐N) is an aggressive lymphoma typically diagnosed by examining small biopsy specimens. Flow cytometry is very valuable for the diagnosis and classification of several kinds of hematolymphoid neoplasms but has not been widely used for diagnosing ENKTL‐N.MethodsWe systematically investigated the flow cytometry characteristics of 26 solid tissue biopsy specimens of ENKTL‐N at initial diagnosis and compared the results with those from reactive NK‐cells in the nasal/nasopharyngeal region and peripheral blood.ResultsOur study revealed seven flow cytometry (FCM)‐based characteristics for distinguishing between the neoplastic cells and reactive NK‐cells, including (1) the proportion of NK‐cells among total lymphocytes >10%; (2) forward scatter >105; (3) mean fluorescence intensity of CD56 > 5,000; (4) aberrant antigen expression or loss; (5) skewed killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor repertoire; (6) homogenously positive for CD38; and (7) positive for CD30 or CD336. FCM‐based immunophenotyping is a potentially feasible and convenient approach for discriminating cellular lineages, evaluating the activation status of NK‐cells, and selecting potential therapy targets of ENKTL‐N.ConclusionsFlow cytometry is very valuable for facilitating routine diagnosis, confirming clonality, predicting the cellular lineage, and guiding individual treatment for ENKTL‐N. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
A traffic balance scheme of group emotion recognition by using the service function chain
Authors: Sun Ai , Huang Yueh‐Min 
Published: July 2019

SummaryMost researches of emotion recognition focus on single person information. However, everyone's emotions will affect each other. For example, when the teacher is angry, the student's nervousness will increase. But the facial expression information of the light single is already quite large. It means that group emotion recognition will encounter a huge traffic bottleneck. Therefore, there is a vast amount of data collected by end‐devices that will be uploaded to the emotion cloud for big data analysis. Because different emotions may require different analytical methods, in the face of diverse big data, connecting different emotion clouds is a viable alternative method to extend the emotion cloud hardware. In this paper, we built a software defined networking (SDN) multi‐emotion cloud platform to connect different emotion clouds. Through the advantages of the splicing control plane and the data plane, the routing path can be changed using software. This means that the individual conditions of different students can be handled by a dedicated system via service function (SF). The load balancing effect between different emotion clouds is achieved by optimizing the SFC. In addition, we propose a SFC‐based dynamic load balancing mechanism which eliminates a large number of SFC creation processes. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can effectively allocate resources to different emotion clouds to achieve real‐time emotion recognition. This is the first strategy to use SFC to balance the emotion data that the teachers can change teaching policy in a timely manner in response to students' emotions.
Learning AP in wireless powered communication networks
Authors: Iqbal Arshad , Kim Yunmin , Lee Tae‐Jin 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn a wireless powered communication network (WPCN), sensor nodes harvest energy to transmit information. By a harvest‐then‐transmit (HT) protocol, nodes can be classified into either energy receiving (ER) or data transmitting (DT) nodes depending on the current level of the harvested energy. Since nodes may join or leave a network any time and energy levels vary, the distribution of ER and DT nodes changes over time. As the number of contending DT nodes is highly dynamic, a quick learning mechanism is required for an access point (AP). We propose a learning AP that learns from experience and adapts the frame size according to the changes in the number of DT nodes. The proposed learning AP is also shown to learn well and react to the situation. We compare the performances of the proposed learning mechanism with a WPCN and conventional HT FSA schemes. The proposed RL scheme outperforms the comparative schemes in terms of success rate and delay.
Transparent carbon nanotubes promote the outgrowth of enthorino‐dentate projections in lesioned organ slice cultures
Authors: Pampaloni Niccolò P. , Rago Ilaria , Calaresu Ivo , Cozzarini Luca , Casalis Loredana , Goldoni Andrea , Ballerini Laura , Scaini Denis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe increasing engineering of carbon‐based nanomaterials as components of neuroregenerative interfaces is motivated by their dimensional compatibility with subcellular compartments of excitable cells, such as axons and synapses. In neuroscience applications, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used to improve electronic device performance by exploiting their physical properties. Besides, when manufactured to interface neuronal networks formation in vitro, CNT carpets have shown their unique ability to potentiate synaptic networks formation and function. Due to the low optical transparency of CNTs films, further developments of these materials in neural prosthesis fabrication or in implementing interfacing devices to be paired with in vivo imaging or in vitro optogenetic approaches are currently limited. In the present work, we exploit a new method to fabricate CNTs by growing them on a fused silica surface, which results in a transparent CNT‐based substrate (tCNTs). We show that tCNTs favor dissociated primary neurons network formation and function, an effect comparable to the one observed for their dark counterparts. We further adopt tCNTs to support the growth of intact or lesioned entorhinal–hippocampal complex organotypic cultures (EHCs). Through immunocytochemistry and electrophysiological field potential recordings, we show here that tCNTs platforms are suitable substrates for the growth of EHCs and we unmask their ability to significantly increase the signal synchronization and fiber sprouting between the cortex and the hippocampus with respect to Controls. tCNTs transparency and ability to enhance recovery of lesioned brain cultures, make them optimal candidates to implement implantable devices in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Retinoic acid signaling in regulation of meiosis during embryonic development in mice
Authors: Yadu Nomesh , Kumar Pradeep G. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn the embryonic gonads of mice, the genetic and epigenetic regulatory programs for germ cell sex specification and meiosis induction or suppression are intertwined. The quest for garnering comprehensive understanding of these programs has led to the emergence of retinoic acid (RA) as an important extrinsic factor, which regulates initiation of meiosis in female fetal germ cells that have attained a permissive epigenetic ground state. In contrast, germ cells in fetal testis are protected from the exposure to RA due to the activity of CYP26B1, an RA metabolizing enzyme, which is highly expressed in fetal testis. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms operating in fetal gonads of mice, which enable regulation of meiosis via RA signaling.
Effect of breeding performance on the distribution and activity budgets of a predominantly resident population of black‐browed albatrosses
Authors: Ponchon Aurore , Cornulier Thomas , Hedd April , Granadeiro José Pedro , Catry Paulo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPelagic seabirds breeding at high latitudes generally split their annual cycle between reproduction, migration, and wintering. During the breeding season, they are constrained in their foraging range due to reproduction while during winter months, and they often undertake long‐distance migrations. Black‐browed albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophris) nesting in the Falkland archipelago remain within 700 km from their breeding colonies all year‐round and can therefore be considered as resident. Accordingly, at‐sea activity patterns are expected to be adjusted to the absence of migration. Likewise, breeding performance is expected to affect foraging, flying, and floating activities, as failed individuals are relieved from reproduction earlier than successful ones. Using geolocators coupled with a saltwater immersion sensor, we detailed the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of at‐sea activity budgets of successful and failed breeding black‐browed albatrosses nesting in New Island, Falklands archipelago, over the breeding and subsequent nonbreeding season. The 90% monthly kernel distribution of failed and successful breeders suggested no spatial segregation. Both groups followed the same dynamics of foraging effort both during daylight and darkness all year, except during chick‐rearing, when successful breeders foraged more intensively. Failed and successful breeders started decreasing flying activities during daylight at the same time, 2–3 weeks after hatching period, but failed breeders reached their maximum floating activity during late chick‐rearing, 2 months before successful breeders. Moon cycle had a significant effect on activity budgets during darkness, with individuals generally more active during full moon. Our results highlight that successful breeders buffer potential reproductive costs during the nonbreeding season, and this provides a better understanding of how individuals adjust their spatial distribution and activity budgets according to their breeding performance in absence of migration.
Fire resistance of cold‐formed steel framed shear walls under various fire scenarios
Authors: Andres Blanca , Hoehler Matthew S. , Bundy Matthew F. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper presents results of large‐scale experiments with varying levels of fire severity on lateral force‐resisting systems commonly used in cold‐formed steel framed buildings. Gypsum‐sheet steel composite panel sheathed walls, oriented strand board sheathed walls, and steel strap‐braced walls are examined. Postflashover fire conditions of two different intensities as well as 1 hour of fire exposure similar to that in a standard furnace qualification test are studied. Additionally, a full‐scale furnished kitchen fire experiment is conducted for comparison. The results highlight differences in the thermal response and subsequent performance of the walls as well as differing sensitives of the walls to pre‐damage, eg, that might occur during an earthquake. The results are part of a larger effort to provide fragilities for these wall systems in response to realistic fires for performance‐based design.
Neuronal input triggers Ca2+ influx through AMPA receptors and voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Barron Tara , Kim Jun Hee 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCommunication between neurons and developing oligodendrocytes (OLs) leading to OL Ca2+ rise is critical for axon myelination and OL development. Here, we investigate signaling factors and sources of Ca2+ rise in OLs in the mouse brainstem. Glutamate puff or axon fiber stimulation induces a Ca2+ rise in pre‐myelinating OLs, which is primarily mediated by Ca2+‐permeable AMPA receptors. During glutamate application, inward currents via AMPA receptors and elevated extracellular K+ caused by increased neuronal activity collectively lead to OL depolarization, triggering Ca2+ influx via P/Q‐ and L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ (Cav) channels. Thus, glutamate is a key signaling factor in dynamic communication between neurons and OLs that triggers Ca2+ transients via AMPARs and Cav channels in developing OLs. The results provide a mechanism for OL Ca2+ dynamics in response to neuronal input, which has implications for OL development and myelination.