bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmisi Harga Asimetri Udang Beku antara Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat
Authors: Ashari Ulfira 
Published: April 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis transmisi harga udang beku antara Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series harga bulanan selama 120 bulan yaitu dari Januari 2005 hingga Desember 2014. Model yang digunakan adalah Asymmetric Error Correction Model (AECM) diestimasi dari pergerakan harga udang beku Indonesia dengan Amerika Serikat. Hasil estimasi model ECM menunjukkan bahwa harga udang beku Indonesia dikendalikan oleh Amerika Serikat sebagai importir terbesar dunia. Dari sisi kecepatan waktu penyesuaian menunjukkan bahwa transmisi harga udang beku Indonesia dengan Amerika Serikat bersifat asimetri dalam jangka pendek tetapi simetri pada jangka panjang. Transmisi harga asimetri pada jangka pendek dipengaruhi oleh adanya adjustment cost tanpa adanya pengaruh dari market power dari negara importir utama sehingga pada jangka panjang informasi harga di negara importir mampu ditransmisikan secara sempurna ke Indonesia.
Kata kunci : AECM, transmisi harga, udang beku
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TGT (TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR DI SD NEGERI 3 DADAKITAN KABUPATEN TOLITOLI
Authors: Asba Asba 
Published: April 2019

AbstrakModel pembelajaran dengan memainkan permainan dengan anggota-anggota tim lain untuk memperoleh skor bagi tim mereka masing-masingmerupakan model pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini.Model ini disebut TGT atau Teams Games Tournament. Setiap kelompokterdiri dari 5 sampai 6 orang peserta didik yang memiliki kemampuan,jenis kelamin, dan suku kata atau ras yang berbeda. Guru menyajikanmateri, dan peserta didik bekerja dalam kelompok mereka masingmasing.
Model pembelajaran TGT terdiri dari lima langkah tahapan,yaitu penyajian kelas (class precentation), belajar dalam kelompok(teams), permainan (games), pertandingan dan turnamen (tournament),dan penghargaan kelompok (team recognition). Hasil belajar merupakanangka yang diperoleh siswa yang telah menuntaskan konsep-konsep matapelajaran sesuai dengan kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM) yangditetapkan sesuai dengan kurikulum yang berlaku. Begitu juga hasilbelajar dapat diartikan sebagai perubahan tingkah laku yang tetap sebagaihasil proses pembelajaran. Prinsip yang mendasari hasil belajar yaituuntuk memberi harapan bagai siswa dan guru untuk dapat meningkatkankualitas pembelajaran. Kualitas dalam arti siswa menjadi pelajar yangefektif dan guru menjadi motivator yang baik. Dalam kaitan dengan itu,guru dan pembelajar dapat menjadikan informasi hasil penilaian sebagaidasar dalam menentukan langkah-langkah pemecahan masalah, sehinggamereka dapat memperbaiki dan meningkatkan belajarnya
El coip y su relación con las ciencias forenses
Authors: Quito Cortes Aurelio Agustín 
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo de pericia social forense, tiene como propósito establecer el proceso metodológico del Código Orgánico Penal a seguir con las técnicas propias de la profesión y colaterales de las ciencias sociales, El uso del mismo debe ser considerado como la guía práctica, profesional del perito en la aplicación de las ciencias forenses que permita la aplicación adecuada del formato del informe de la perica social.
La aplicación y uso del mismo debe ser utilizado bajo lineamientos de ética profesional, transparencia, objetividad e imparcialidad. El debido uso del mismo facilita el uso y manejo del formato del informe de la pericia social y proyecta su aplicación a todas las pericias solicitadas por la autoridad competente, en el nivel nacional.
Fotografía forense de los protocolos de fotografía forense Riobamba, provincia de Chimborazo-Ecuador
Authors: Rodríguez Ortega Fabio Nelson 
Published: April 2019

La fotografía forense en la escena del crimen es en parte una recolección de evidencia física (ef), la ef se encuentra capturada en formato de imagen y es permanente a través del tiempo, por ello de acuerdo al protocolo de manejo de lugar de los hechos y/o manual policía judicial de colombia y otros países, es necesario documentar bajo principios técnicos el escenario y absolutamente toda la ef encontrada en el mismo; entendiendo que la fotografía como memoria perdurable es el enlace probatorio entre las ef en sí, escenario del crimen y la conducta criminal investigada. Este proceso documental no ocurre siempre en las investigaciones en colombia, ecuador y otros países, ejemplo muy claro se observa en la demanda de casación (proceso no 32193 de 21 octubre del 2009), donde queda al descubierto la carencia en la documentación de ef; situación en la cual se aduce que no existe prueba documental fotográfica de las ef recaudadas en el lugar de los hechos y esto afecto la toma de decisiones judiciales. por lo anterior este documento pretende ilustrar algunos elementos técnicos no detectados en el protocolo de fotografía de la fng colombiano, mostrando con ánimo constructivo consideraciones a tener en cuenta en los procesos de fotografía forense actual.
Explanation and elucidation of cancer in reference to Greco-Arabic literature
Authors: Ahmad Wasim , Zulkifle Mohd , Hamiduddin - , Afreen Sadaf , Rahman Obaidur 
Published: April 2019

Muslim scholars made tremendous contribution in various fields of science and their benefaction of work exhibits in all branches of medicine. Cancer is discussed by then Muslim scholars like Ibn Sina, Razi , Ismail Jurjani ,Hunain b. Ishaque, Rabban Tabri, Ahmad b. Mohammad Tabri, , Ibn ul Quff, Ibn Zuhr etc. In their descriptions cancer means Sartan (crab) as it reflects the true character of disease, since it sticks to the part stubbornly like a Sartan. Galen states that Sartan is the result of an excess of black bile. It may be due to an excessive hotness and dryness of liver by which consumed foods transform into irritant morbid matter. Concurrently, the spleen becomes weak and is unable to absorb the Sawda (black bile). Muslim scholars classified and distinguished clearly among the varieties of cancer in relation to specific organs such as eye, stomach, bladder, penis, uterus, mouth, and nerve tumours. The need of the hour is to evaluate and analyse the disease along with its pathophysiology, predisposing factors, differential diagnosis, and varieties of therapeutic paradigms that include nutrition, drugs, Ishal (bowel cleansing), Tanqia (evacuation of morbid matter from the body), surgical and non surgical interventions i.e. leaching , Amal kai (cauterization). Since the cancer is spreading at an incredible rate in both developed and developing countries but no way of relief is ensured yet in any system of medicine. Greco-Arabic literature has rich potential to intervene in palliative way in such dreadful disease. Likewise, Ray born Razi asserted that when cancer is at the beginning, it can be kept stationary and can be prevented from ulceration. This systematic review highlights relevant Greco-Arabic literature on cancer.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.184-189
Changes in smile morphometric indices following maxillary advancement and mandibular setback surgery in skeletal Class III patients
Authors: Farzanegan Fahimeh , Hearvi Farzin , Karrari Mandana , Shafaee Hooman , Vaezi Touraj , Rashed Roozbeh 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in smile morphometric indices following maxillary advancement and mandibular setback surgery in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion.
Materials and Methods: Smile morphometric indices were measured on frontal rest and smile photographs of 15 female patients with skeletal Class III malocclusions before and three months after maxillary advancement and mandibular setback surgery. Pre- and post-surgery measurements were compared.
Results: The amount of left and right commissural height, philtrum height, and maximum upper incisor show at rest did not change significantly three months after surgery (p>0.05). The amount of maximum upper and lower incisor show, interlabial gap, smile width and index, buccal corridor ratio, gingival display, and smile arc on the frontal smile photographs didn’t showstatistically significant difference before and after surgery (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion had no significant effect on rest and smile parameters from the frontal view.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.216-221
Zn as the Factor of Alkaline Phosphatase in Periodontal Patients consuming Minangkabau food in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Kasuma Nila , Arma Utmi , Risalina Linda , Liputo Indrawati , Fajrin Fildzah Nurul 
Published: April 2019

Background: Periodontal disease is preceded by an inflammation in the gingiva surrounding the teeth called gingivitis. It is an untreated gingivitis causing hard tissue damage (alveolarbone). This inflammation increases the activity of ALP enzyme. Zinc is an Alkaline Phosphatase co-factor.
Aim: This study aims at proving the connection between Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and zinc within the food of the Minangkabau people in West Sumatra, Indonesia. 60 samples are involved in this study. ALP level is tested by using ELISA technique. Zinc level in Minangkabau food is measured by Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Data is analyzed by means of univariate to describe each variable , Kolmogorov Smirn of Test is used to see the normal distribution ( p > 0.05).
Result: Pearson correlation is conducted to see the correlation between ALP level and zinc clevel in Minangkabau food. The study reveals that ALP activity is higher in mild periodontitis compared to mild gingivitis and healthy control. Zinc level is significantly lower in mild periodontitisthanin mild gingivitis and healthy control individuals. The relation between ALP and zinc level indicates strong correlation with positive direction (r = - 0,884).
Conclusion: Zn decreases ALP activity and shows that zinc complement has both preventive and curing effects in periodontitis patients.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.228-232
Pre-operative serum total bilirubin level as an indicator marker of perforated appendicitis.
Authors: Kassim Nur Karyatee , Jelani Aniza M , T Ismail T Salwani , Omar Julia , Ibrahim Hanim A , W Azman W Norlina , Shafii Noorazliyana , Yaacob Najib Majdi 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies. Perforated appendicitis can result in increased morbidity and mortality. Thus, early identification of perforation can reduce the impact on patient and improve outcome. Apart from total white cell count (TWCC), serum total bilirubin (SB) has been shown to indicate perforation in appendicitis. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of serum total bilirubin (SB) as the preoperative indicator for perforated appendicitis.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all appendicectomies cases done in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) over a one-year period in 2014. Only patients with histopathologically confirmed appendicitis with available liver function tests and total white blood cell count preoperatively were included in the study. These appendicitis cases were further divided into perforated and non-perforated based on histopathological reports obtained.
Results: A total of 245 patients had appendicectomy done in 2014 between January to December 2014. Out of 110 from these 245 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. SB was significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients with perforated appendix compared to non-perforated.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed that preoperative SB is a useful laboratory parameter for perforated appendicitis to improve clinical decision-making by the clinician.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.233-237
Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Obese Patients with Chronic Illnesses: Prevalence and Associated Factors in North East Malaysia
Authors: Hassan Raihan , Mohd Zulkifli Maryam , Ahmad Imran , MohdYusoff Siti Suhaila 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Concomitant obesity and chronic medical illness is a significant health problem in Malaysia and worldwide. The comorbid psychological impact in obese patients is associated with a social stigma and low self-esteem. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress in obese patients with chronic medical illnesses attending an outpatient clinic.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among obese patients with chronic medical illnesses presenting at the Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital outpatient clinic. A total of 274 patients were involved. The 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale questionnaire was used, and the results were evaluated using single and multiple logistic regression analyses.
Results: The prevalences of depression, anxiety and stress among the obese patients with chronic medical illnesses were 13.9%, 23.4% and 10.9%, respectively. Younger age [p=0.003, adjusted odds ratio (AOR),1.0; 95%confidence interval (CI),0.91–0.98], unemployed employment(p=0.013, AOR,3.7;95% CI,1.32–10.09) and smoking (p=0.022, AOR,3.2; 95% CI,1.18–8.55) were associated with depression. No formal education (p=0.011, AOR,5.7; 95%CI,1.49–21.89), high body mass index (p=0.029, AOR,1.1;95% CI,1.01–1.13) and family history of psychiatric illness (p=0.018, AOR,5.1; 95% CI,1.33–19.56) were associated with anxiety. Stress was strongly associated with females (p=0.004, AOR,5.0; 95% CI,1.70–15.13) and smoking(p=0.002, AOR,6.5; 95% CI,2.03–20.7).
Conclusion: Interestingly, younger age group was associated with depression. Current smokers, no education, family history of psychiatric illness and female sex were significantly associated with anxiety and stress. This notifies new emerging knowledge on factors associated with obese patients that would empower the development of effective preventive strategies for it.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.252-259
Evaluation of Errors in Prescription Writing: A Cross-Sectional Study at Community Pharmacies and Tertiary Care Hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Farhan Ali , Salman Muhammad , Khan Nazeer Hussain , Masood Talha , Safdar Muhammad , KhuzaimaIkhlaq - , Ansari Muhammad Umair , Latif Muhammad Shahid , Saqlain Muhammad , Mustafa Zia Ul , Asif Noman 
Published: April 2019

Background: Prescription errors often lead to mishaps around healthcare facility that often end up with adverse drug reactions and even some cases death Being in a healthcare facility the patient should have full confidence in the health care providers and not have to worry about minor mistakes leading to a possible lethal one.
Aim and objective: The aims and objectives of our study is to evaluate the prescription writing errors in different community pharmacies and tertiary care hospitals also to assess the knowledge of patients regarding their disease and treatment.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.260-266
Low total physical activity, high total sitting time and high sitting time on a work day are correlated with low fitness in male working adults: a cross sectional study
Authors: Wibowo Rakhmat Ari , Wasityastuti Widya , Sofro Zaenal Muttaqien 
Published: April 2019

Background : Low fitness is an emerging factor for cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity and sitting time are arising factors that influence fitness level. There are some debates on what domain of physical activity and sitting time that have more influences on fitness level. The aims of this study were to (1) explore each domain of physical activity & sitting time and analyze their associations with low fitness in male working adults and (2) explore the differences between sitting time on a working day and a day-off.
Method :In this cross-sectional study, a total of 31 healthy male staffs were recruited. Participants used International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) long version to recall their physical activity and sitting time, and their fitness level was measured by a submaximal exercise test. Data were analyzed both by univariate and multivariate techniques. Multivariable logistic regressions were employed to calculate Odds Ratio (OR) of low fitness by each domain of physical activity and sitting time.
Result : Data of 27 participants were considered for analysis. Total physical activity was inversely associated with low fitness [OR 0.961, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 0.928 – 0.995]. Total sitting time and sitting time on a working day were positively associated with low fitness (total sitting time: OR 1.101, 95% CI 1.001-1.211; sitting time on a working day: OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.001-1.019). We also observed that sitting on a working day was significantly higher than sitting time on a day-off (p = 0.004).
Conclusion : The results support association of total physical activity, total sitting time and sitting time on a working day with fitness level. There were also difference between sitting time on a working day and a day-off.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.279-287
Awareness, knowledge and attitude toward secondary health care system: survey of physicians in Kosovo
Authors: Rashiti Albiona , Svarça Leonora , Kurti Afërdita , Rashiti Premtim 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To assess knowledge, awareness and attitude among hospital physicians from Kosovo toward current situation of Health Care System (HCS) especially Secondary Health Care (SHC) in Kosovo.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, anonymous questionnaire were delivered to three regional hospitals in Kosovo. The main outcome measures were physician’s awareness of the management of secondary health care institutions, awareness and use of new technology for improving health care in second level and their suggestions for further improvement.
Results: Results are divided into three main categories: I. Relevant information on the knowledge of the health care system, were respondents had valuable information and insight; II. Relevant information on suggested improvements, in which respondents gave their proposals regarding workplace and inter managerial relations and III. Relevant information on continues education possibilities for medical staff.
Conclusions: In conclusion there is a need to prioritize proper cooperation between primary, secondary, and third level of health institutions, in terms of entire health management in order to increase the quality of health services delivery, in line with western standards.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.288-293
Study of Usage Rate for Various Complementary and Alternative Medicine among People Visited Non-Conventional Medical Centers in Shiraz, Iran, in 2016.
Authors: Movahed Majid , Rayanpour Razieh 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The present research was aimed at studying the usage rate for the complementary and alternative medicine, at identifying its low-consumption and high-consumption methods, and at analyzing the relationship between demographic variables and the usage rate of this medicine among the people who visited the non-conventional medical centers in Shiraz, Iran.
Methods: This research is an analytical-cross-sectional study in which 800 people have been visited 6 non-conventional medical centers in July 2016; having gained their satisfaction, they were studied by method of complete enumeration. The data were collected using a researchermade questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS.
Result: In this study, 68% of visitors used the complementary and alternative medicine in medium rate. The high-consumption kind includes the Natural products, the Movement-based approaches and the Traditional treatments. The low-consumption kind includes the Energy-based treatments and whole medical system. The demographic variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, education, birth place and occupation were in relation with the usage rate of complementary and alternative medicine.
Conclusion: The healthy people have tended to use the complementary and alternative medicine as a part of their healthy lifestyle. The high-consumption strands had origin in the culture and tradition of a society and they are easily available. The low-consumption strands include the methods that the people were less familiar with them; these strands have limited accessibility and the higher costs.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.294-302
Exploration of Unani concept of blood purifying drugs and likely models for its screening
Authors: Mushir Ansari , Jahan Nasreen , Sofi Ghulamuddin 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: In Unani system of medicine, blood is regarded as mixture of akhlat (humours) i.e. dam (Sanguine), balgham (phlegm), safra (yellow bile) and sawda (black bile). Normal blood consists of “akhlate latifa (plasma)” and “kaseefa (corpuscles)”. Normal blood is one in which all humours are in normal proportion in terms of quantity and quality and specific to each individual. It is normal in colour, free from bad odour and moderate in viscosity. Morbid blood develops due to impurities /disease in the blood which ultimately alter its quantity and quality. If we co relate these abnormalities with modern concept then all bleeding disorders and coagulopathy fall under “Riqqate dam” (low viscosity of blood); all the thromboembolic disorders; polycythaemia, leukaemia and anaemia fall under “Ghilzate dam”(hyperviscosity of blood), while septicaemia, bacterial diseases can be correlated with “ufunat” (infections).
Methods: The classic and relevant books of Unani and conventional medicine were studied. The databases utilized for obtaining information, are scientific research publications from indexed journals available through Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct.
Results and Conclusion: Blood purifying drugs cause necessary changes and maintain the viscosity of the blood by their moderate heat; cold; dry and wet properties. These drugs are alterative and bring the quality and quantity of blood in equilibrium. Strengthen the defensive mechanism and eliminate toxins via sweat, urine, faeces etc. These drugs are digestive, tonic to stomach and liver and boost the immune system. In the line of the above conceptual framework few experimental models are being suggested i.e. effect of drugs on blood constituents, coagulation parameters, anemia, leukaemia, polycythaemia, thrombocytopenia and infections. This preliminary study may serve as a tool for the screening of blood purifier drugs in various blood disorders.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.312-321
Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea and its association with body mass index (BMI)
Authors: Wen Tan Yee , Gendeh Balwant Singh , Husain Rohana Ali O’Connell , Husain Salina , Jeevaratnam Kamalan 
Published: April 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to review the correlation of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (CSFR) and Body Mass Index (BMI) and describe the demographics, the surgical techniques and outcomes.
Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective review of clinical data of twenty patients diagnosed with spontaneous CSFR and treated at the Malaysian National University Medical Centre from 1997 to 2015.
Result and Discussion: A total of 20 patients were selected in this research (19 females,1male). The mean age was 45.5 years with nineteen females and one male patient. The mean BMI was 33.1kg/m2.Majority of patients with spontaneous leaks are females in their forties. The bath plug technique, onlay of middle turbinate grafts, nasoseptal flaps and mucoperiosteal grafts techniques were used and three patients reported recurrences.
Conclusion: Spontaneous CSFR is more common in women in their 40s with BMI>25. The most common sites of leaks are the cribriform plate followed by the sphenoid sinus. Spontaneous CSFR cases are strongly related with increased BMI.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.322-328