bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Initial Healthcare Responses Between Turkey and the Conflict-Ridden Area in Syria Following February 2023 Earthquakes
Authors: Santarisi Abeer , Hertelendy Attila J. , Issa Fadi , Woodward Christina , Mathew Dana , Noel Jacob , Franc Jeffery M. , Voskanyan Amalia , Ciottone Gregory R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study analyzes disparities in initial healthcare responses in Turkey and Syria following 2023 earthquakes.

Methods
Using Humanitarian Data Exchange, Crude Mortality Rates (CMR) and injury rates in both countries were calculated, and temporal trends of death tolls and injuries in the first month post- catastrophe were compared. WHO Flash Appeal estimated funding requirements, and ratios of humanitarian aid personnel in Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) teams per population from ReliefWeb and MAPACTION data were used to gauge disparities.

Results
56,051,096 individuals were exposed, with Turkey having 44 million vs 12 in Syria. Turkey had higher CMR in affected areas (10.5 vs 5.0/10,000), while Syria had higher CMR in intensely seismic regions (9.2 vs 7.7/1,000). Turkey had higher injury rates (24.6 vs 9.9/10,000). Death and injury rates plateaued in Syria after three days, but steadily rose in Turkey. Syria allocated more funding for all priorities per population except healthcare facilities’ rehabilitation. Turkey had 219 USAR teams compared to Syria’s six, with significantly more humanitarian aid personnel (23 vs 2/100,000).

Conclusions
Significant disparities in initial healthcare response were observed between Turkey and Syria, highlighting need for policymakers to enhance responses in conflict-affected events to reduce impact on affected populations.
ECHORN: Leveraging a Regional Coordination Network for Disaster-Resilient Noncommunicable Disease Control in the Eastern Caribbean
Authors: Steel Sydney A , Wambugu Vivien , Oladele Carol , Smith Marcella Nunez , Hassan Saria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Small island developing states in the Eastern Caribbean face a dual burden of climate-related disasters and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). While the relationship between disasters and health has been demonstrated for acute emergencies, there is limited understanding of the impacts of repeated disaster exposure on NCD management and control. The Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network (ECHORN) leverages its robust community-driven network for data sharing and implementation science related to furthering our understanding of the intersection of disaster exposure and NCDs.

Methods
The ECHORN cohort study is an ongoing longitudinal cohort study characterizing risk and protective factors for NCDs in the Eastern Caribbean. The cohort (N=2,961) was empaneled between 2013-2018 across four sites. Regional partners identified disaster exposure as a priority for research and coordination moving forward.

Results
ECHORN Wave III includes a disaster exposure survey to analyze the impact of exposure to repeated climate events and natural disasters (COVID19, earthquakes) on NCD management in the Eastern Caribbean. This first-of-its-kind study offers a data-driven approach to sustainable NCD management and climate-resilient policy development.

Conclusion
With the anticipated acceleration of NCDs and disasters across the Caribbean, ECHORN’s work to inform disaster-resilient NCD management and control is imperative and time-sensitive.
What if Nice Terrorist Attack Would Have Happened in Milan? Drawing a Disaster Plan for Mass Casualty Incidents Involving the Pediatric Population
Authors: Difino Margherita , Riccardo Stucchi , Weinstein Eric S. , De Pellegrin Maurizio , Zoli Alberto , Sechi Giuseppe Maria , Faccincani Roberto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Asymmetric warfare, conflict and terrorist attacks involving children raise concerns regarding the preparedness to respond to mass casualty incidents involving pediatric patients. The objective of this project was to assess the resources available in the metropolitan Milan area to develop a priority dispatch plan for a mass casualty incident with pediatric patients.

Methods
A focused search of the medical literature and clinical guidelines established a minimal standard requirements of care of pediatric patients involved in an MCI to determine the surge capabilities in terms of number of patients and severity of injuries for each study hospital in the metropolitan Milan area.

Results
The hospitals that took part in the study were either adult trauma centers or pediatric hospitals in the metropolitan Milan area. The overall surge capability identified was of 40-44 pediatric patients involved in an MCI involving pediatric patients, distributed based on age and severity and based on the hospital resources and expertise.

Conclusions
The findings from the metropolitan Milan area shows the basis for non-Pediatric Trauma Center adult and pediatric hospitals to work in synergy to develop MCI response plans involving pediatric patients. Simulations exercises will need to be carried out to evaluate and validate the plans.
Painful Call About the Under-Reporting of Children’s Pain During Humanitarian Crises
Authors: Levy Einav , Alkan Michael , Gidron Yori 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Humanitarian crises often require urgent medical care to people of concern. Such medical aid includes assessing and treating acute medical needs and ongoing chronic health conditions. Among the people of concern there are children, who are often the most vulnerable population in humanitarian contexts because they often lack the experience, independence, and cognitive and verbal skills to deal with the ordeals they are facing. These limitations might prevent identification and diagnosis of pain. The under-diagnosis and under-treated pain by health care providers might be also due to the perceived urgency of more acute or life-threatening medical needs with limited medical equipment and personnel, lack of awareness, or assessment tools in such contexts. Additionally, due to issues of anonymity and lack of formal guidelines, there is a severe lack of standardized registration of children’s pain conditions in humanitarian crises. Finally, acute pain is also a predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder, a common outcome in such disasters. We call on health care providers to use standardized scales to assess children’s pain intensity, frequency, and duration, and to treat it appropriately. These will not only reduce children’s physical suffering but may also prevent subsequent risk of PTSD.
A Late Antique Decorated Casket and Jewellery from the Roman Villa at Fordham, Essex
Authors: Greep Stephen , Henig Martin , Lockwood Frank 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring excavations of a Roman villa at Fordham, Essex, a remarkable series of decorated bone and antler veneer plaques were recovered from villa destruction deposits. They are datable to the later fourth or fifth centuries a.d. and probably once adorned a casket holding bathing equipment and jewellery. Spread through the three main rooms of the villa, fragments were recovered from at least 10 metres apart, so the object is likely already to have been broken when deposited. The plaques are decorated with ‘late antique’ style figural, zoomorphic, vegetal and architectural motifs on a cross-hatched background, with the best-preserved design probably relating to female bathing.
A clinical algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in adults: an updated review
Authors: Khazaie Habibolah , Sharafkhaneh Amir , Zakiei Ali , Crew Earl Charles 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDifficulty falling asleep and/or maintaining sleep are common complaints in patients visiting medical clinics. Insomnia can occur alone or in combination with other medical or psychiatric disorders. Diagnosis and management of insomnia at times are perplexing. This updated study review aimed at a clinical algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in adults. We developed an easy-to-apply algorithm to diagnose and manage insomnia that can be used by general practitioners and non-sleep specialists. To this end, our team reviewed the previous studies to determine the prevalence, evaluation, and treatment of insomnia. We used the results to develop a clinical algorithm for diagnosing and managing insomnia.Insomnia occurs in a short (less than 3 months duration) or chronic form (≥3 months duration). Insomnia management includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. There is ample research evidence for the impact of a variety of non-pharmacological treatments, but both types of treatments can be used for each patient. If there are any contradictions in the diagnosis process, therapists should use objective instruments, such as polysomnography, but they should not be in a hurry to use these instruments.
The current state of primary healthcare in Pakistan: a way forward for low-to-middle income countries
Authors: Ahmed Syed Hassan , Zahid Maha , Waseem Summaiyya , Zafar Amna , Shaikh Taha Gul , Sabri Taha , Arshad Ainan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Primary healthcare (PHC) plays a crucial role in improving health outcomes and reducing healthcare burden, especially in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). However, PHC has not received adequate attention in Pakistan despite its recognized importance. This study aims to examine the current state of PHC in Pakistan, identifying factors compromising its quality and effectiveness.

Methods:
To find relevant data, the authors conducted a thorough literature search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library from inception till 2 July 2022, without any language restriction. The following keywords were employed during the literature search, separated by Boolean operators AND, OR: “Primary Healthcare”, “PHC”, “Healthcare primary”, “Primary Health”, and “Pakistan”.

Results:
Pakistan’s PHC infrastructure shows promise, with a considerable number of healthcare facilities in place. However, various factors hinder its effectiveness and compromise the quality of care provided. Insufficient investment, resource constraints, inadequate training of healthcare providers, lack of oversight, and limited access to essential medicines and equipment are some of the key challenges observed. Improving PHC in Pakistan is vital for addressing the population’s healthcare needs, particularly in rural areas. Adequate investment, enhanced training programs, improved oversight mechanisms, and increased availability of essential resources are necessary to strengthen the PHC system. By prioritizing PHC and addressing the identified challenges, Pakistan can enhance healthcare access, reduce healthcare burden, and improve overall health outcomes for its population.

Conclusion:
It is high time LMICs like Pakistan recognize PHC as the most economically feasible pathway toward accomplishing healthcare targets and adopt adequate measures to elevate its standards.
Influence of Trichoderma species on the reduction of heavy metal levels in bean plants irrigated with wastewater: a case study from the Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo, Mexico
Authors: Landero-Valenzuela Nadia , Hernández-Nataren Edith , Chávez-Cerón Lizeth , Granados-Echegoyen Carlos Alejandro , Alonso-Hernández Nancy , Mayek-Pérez Netzahualcoyotl , Lara-Viveros Francisco Marcelo , Ponce-Lira Brenda , Calderón-Cortés Nancy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Contamination by heavy metals resulting from irrigation with wastewater is an important global concern, as it can lead to crop contamination, posing serious threats to human health. Despite the advances in bioremediation of soils, sustainable strategies that use beneficial microorganisms to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in contaminated crops remain underexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential reduction of heavy metal concentration in different structures of bean plants cultivated in soils irrigated with untreated wastewater on an agricultural land located in Hidalgo, Mexico, through the inoculation of a ubiquitous soil fungus. Bean plants were inoculated with three Trichoderma spp. and distributed across eight treatments, with an additional untreated control group, following a random full design. The percentage of root colonization and concentration of heavy metals in the leaves, pods, grains, and soil were determined. The results revealed that root colonization exceeded 75%. The treatments T. harzianum + T. asperellum and T. harzianum with 3 × 106 spores ml−1 showed the greatest decrease in Cd (64.7%) and Pb (66.1%) concentrations in the grains. T. viride with 2 × 106 spores ml−1 was the most effective treatment for copper reduction (72.9%) in grains; T. harzianum with 3 × 106 spores ml−1 showed the best performance for chromium reduction (75.7%), which was below the detection limit in leaves. In conclusion, inoculation of bean plants with Trichoderma spp. effectively reduced the accumulation of heavy metals. Future research in this area could contribute to the development of sustainable strategies to mitigate heavy metal contamination in agricultural ecosystems, thereby promoting food and environmental safety.
Machine learning enabled compact flexible full ground UWB antenna for wearable applications
Authors: Praveena Alladi , Umamaheswari Govindaswamy , Rai Jayant Kumar , Ranjan Pinku 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work introduces a novel compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna designed for wearable applications, employing a bioinspired structure and machine learning (ML) techniques to achieve exceptional performance in the 3.10–10.42 GHz range. The antenna is fabricated by positioning conductive fabric on a polydimethylsiloxane polymer of 1 mm thickness to augment high flexibility and durability. Additionally, it pioneers integrating a complete ground plane to mitigate back radiation toward the human body, presenting a compact (35.5 × 30.5 × 1 mm3) UWB antenna design compliant with IEEE 802.15.6 standards. The design methodology includes using bandwidth enhancement techniques such as chamfering edges, slots, and adding stubs in the feed, along with applying ML to optimize the antenna’s dimensions for desired return loss characteristics. The proposed antenna demonstrates exceptional resilience to human body loading and physical deformation. The simulation and measurement results have good agreement. The K-nearest neighbour method beat the other ML algorithms maximum accuracy of 99.62% to predict the S11. According to the author’s best knowledge, this is the first compact UWB antenna with full ground specified by IEEE.802.15.6 with ML reported.
Implications of Asymmetric Loss Cone Distribution on Whistler‐Driven Electron Precipitation at Mercury
Authors: Ozaki Mitsunori , Kondo Takeru , Yamada Yuto , Yagitani Satoshi , Hikishima Mitsuru , Omura Yoshiharu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMercury has a large loss cone difference in its two hemispheres due to the northward shifted magnetic dipole. The precipitation difference of energetic electrons in both hemispheres is poorly understood. We show that the northern precipitation is 2.5‐times higher than for a symmetric loss cone due to the effects of the enhanced whistler instability at the southern hemisphere with the larger loss cone. Simulations including nonlinear pitch angle scattering by the whistler‐mode waves show rapid (tens of milliseconds) electron flux modulation related to the wave subpacket structures by repeated interactions within a discrete wave element. The difference in the nonlinear whistler instability in the two hemispheres should enhance the electron precipitation, which, along with the direct impact effects of solar wind, contributes to Mercury's surface–magnetosphere coupling. Electrons hitting the planet's surface may be a possible factor in the formation of water through the formation of hydroxyl groups.
Dynamic synthetic-scanning photoacoustic tracking monitors hepatic and renal clearance pathway of exogeneous probes in vivo
Authors: Lv Jing , Lan Hengrong , Qin Aoji , Sun Tong , Shao Dan , Gao Fei , Yao Junjie , Avanaki Kamran , Nie Liming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdvancements in precision medicine necessitate understanding drug clearance pathways, especially in organs like the liver and kidneys. Traditional techniques such as PET/CT pose radiation hazards, whereas optical imaging poses challenges in maintaining both depth penetration and high resolution. Moreover, very few longitudinal studies have been performed for drug candidates for different symptoms. Leveraging non-ionizing photoacoustic tomography for deep tissue imaging, we developed a spatiotemporally resolved clearance pathway tracking (SRCPT) method, providing unprecedented insights into drug clearance dynamics within vital organs. SRCPT addresses challenges like laser fluence attenuation, enabling dynamic visualization of drug clearance pathways and essential parameter extraction. We employed a novel frequency component selection based synthetic aperture focusing technique (FCS-SAFT) with respiratory-artifacts-free weighting factors to enhance three-dimensional imaging resolutions. Inspired by this, we investigated the clearance pathway of a clinical drug, mitoxantrone, revealing reduced liver clearance when hepatic function is impaired. Furthermore, immunoglobulin G clearance analysis revealed significant differences among mice with varying renal injury degrees. The accuracy of our method was validated using a double-labeled probe [68Ga]DFO-IRDye800CW, showing a strong positive correlation between SRCPT and PET. We believe that this powerful SRCPT promises precise mapping of drug clearance pathways and enhances diagnosis and treatment of liver and kidney-related diseases.
The calculated voyage: benchmarking optimal strategies and consumptions in the Japanese eel’s spawning migration
Authors: Li Gen , Chang Yu-Lin , Miyazawa Yasumasa , Müller Ulrike K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEels migrate along largely unknown routes to their spawning ground. By coupling Zermelo’s navigation solution and data from the Japan Coastal Ocean Predictability Experiment 2 (JCOPE2M), we simulated a range of seasonal scenarios, swimming speeds, and swimming depths to predict paths that minimize migration duration and energy cost. Our simulations predict a trade-off between migration duration and energy cost. Given that eels do not refuel during their migration, our simulations suggest eels should travel at speeds of 0.4–0.6 body-length per second to retain enough energy reserves for reproduction. For real eels without full information of the ocean currents, they cannot optimize their migration in strong surface currents, thus when swimming at slow swimming speeds, they should swim at depths of 200 m or greater. Eels swimming near the surface are also influenced by seasonal factors, however, migrating at greater depths mitigates these effects. While greater depths present more favorable flow conditions, water temperature may become increasingly unfavorable, dropping near or below 5 °C. Our results serve as a benchmark, demonstrating the complex interplay between swimming speed, depth, seasonal factors, migration time, and energy consumption, to comprehend the migratory behaviors of Japanese eels and other migratory fish.
Effective encoder-decoder network for pupil light reflex segmentation in facial photographs of ptosis patients
Authors: Lee Sanghyuck , Song Taekyung , Lee Jeong Kyu , Lee Jaesung 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate segmentation of pupil light reflexes is essential for the reliable assessment of ptosis severity, a condition characterized by the drooping of the upper eyelid. This study introduces a novel encoder-decoder network specialized in reflex segmentation by focusing on addressing issues related to very small regions of interest from an architectural perspective. Specifically, the proposed network is designed to exploit low-level features effectively by integrating a multi-level skip connection and a 1 × 1 convolution-enhanced initial encoding stage. Assessed using a photograph image dataset from Chung-Ang University Hospital, which includes 87 healthy subjects, 64 with ptosis, and 257 with Graves’ orbitopathy (collected between January 2010 and February 2023), the proposed network outperforms five conventional encoder-decoders. Over 30 trials, the proposed network achieved a mean Dice coefficient of 0.767 and an Intersection over Union of 0.653, indicating a statistically significant improvement in the segmentation of reflex. Our findings show that an elaborate design based on the lowest-level skip connection and 1 × 1 convolution at initial stage enhances the segmentation of pupil light reflexes. The source code of the proposed network is available at https://github.com/tkdgur658/ReflexNet.
Spatiotemporal wind speed forecasting using conditional local convolution and multidimensional meteorology features
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Juanle , Yu Mingming , Yang Fei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWind speed prediction is crucial for precisely wind power forecasting and reduced maintenance costs. Highland regions, which possess a considerable wind potential, present complex meteorological conditions, making wind speed prediction challenging. Traditional weather forecasting relies on complex statistical methods and extensive prior knowledge. While recent deep learning models have improved prediction accuracy, they often assume uniform influence weight structure, limiting model effectiveness. This study introduces an enhanced Conditional Local Convolution Recurrent Network (CLCRN) model to improve spatiotemporal wind speed forecasting using multidimensional meteorological inputs such as temperature, pressure, and dew point, alongside wind components. This model addresses uniform influence model weight issue by redesigning convolution kernels to better capture local meteorological features and integrating multiple influencing factors. Our model consistently achieves lower Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values across various prediction intervals (3, 6, 9, and 12 h) compared to other models, supported by the meteorological station data from 2019 to 2021. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the local convolution weights aligns with local wind velocity patterns in Inner Mongolia, enhancing model interpretability. These results demonstrate potential for practical applications in renewable energy planning and wind dynamics simulation.
Preventing ischemic heart disease in women: a systematic review of global directives and policies
Authors: Wang Laureen Yi-Ting , Chiang Grace Shu Hui , Wee Caitlin Fern , Chan Sarah Wye Kit , Lau Jacqueline Xiao Xuan , Taeihagh Araz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in women worldwide. Yet cardiovascular disease in women remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially among vulnerable populations such as older women, low-income populations, and ethnic minorities. Resultantly, reduction in cardiovascular mortality among women has stagnated. To examine, consolidate current research findings and policies to identify gaps in women’s heart health practice, this review screened 21476 records and synthesized results from 124 English language publications worldwide. Using a life course approach, we assessed the connection between clinical recommendations and policy, and documented global recommendations and policies addressing prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. Key recommendations include fostering environments that encourage sustainable health behaviors for young women, advocating for national surveillance systems and guidelines for monitoring and increasing the understanding of cardiovascular health in high-risk pregnancy/postpartum groups, developing community prevention programs for midlife/menopause, and implementing direct population health management initiatives for elderly women, with an emphasis on higher risk groups. Inequalities still exist among women with varying socioeconomic status and race between countries, and even within countries.