bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grading of hepatocellular carcinoma based on diffusion weighted images with multiple b‐values using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Zhou Wu , Wang Guangyi , Xie Guoxi , Zhang Lijuan 
Published: June 2019

PurposeTo effectively grade hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on deep features derived from diffusion weighted images (DWI) with multiple b‐values using convolutional neural networks (CNN).Materials and MethodsNinety‐eight subjects with 100 pathologically confirmed HCC lesions from July 2012 to October 2018 were included in this retrospective study, including 47 low‐grade and 53 high‐grade HCCs. DWI was performed for each subject with a 3.0T MR scanner in a breath‐hold routine with three b‐values (0,100, and 600 s/mm2). First, logarithmic transformation was performed on original DWI images to generate log maps (logb0, logb100, and logb600). Then, a resampling method was performed to extract multiple 2D axial planes of HCCs from the log map to increase the dataset for training. Subsequently, 2D CNN was used to extract deep features of the log map for HCCs. Finally, fusion of deep features derived from three b‐value log maps was conducted for HCC malignancy classification. Specifically, a deeply supervised loss function was devised to further improve the performance of lesion characterization. The data set was split into two parts: the training and validation set (60 HCCs) and the fixed test set (40 HCCs). Four‐fold cross validation with 10 repetitions was performed to assess the performance of deep features extracted from single b‐value images for HCC grading using the training and validation set. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) values were used to assess the characterization performance of the proposed deep feature fusion method to differentiate low‐grade and high‐grade in the fixed test set.ResultsThe proposed fusion of deep features derived from logb0, logb100, and logb600 with deeply supervised loss function generated the highest accuracy for HCC grading (80%), thus outperforming the method of deep feature derived from the ADC map directly (72.5%), the original b0 (65%), b100 (68%), and b600 (70%) images. Furthermore, AUC values of the deep features of the ADC map, the deep feature fusion with concatenation, and the proposed deep feature fusion with deeply supervised loss function were 0.73, 0.78, and 0.83, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed fusion of deep features derived from the logarithm of the three b‐value images yields high performance for HCC grading, thus providing a promising approach for the assessment of DWI in lesion characterization.
Efficient silicon nitride SiNx:H antireflective and passivation layers deposited by atmospheric pressure PECVD for silicon solar cells
Authors: Lelièvre Jean‐François , Kafle Bishal , Saint‐Cast Pierre , Brunet Paul , Magnan Romain , Hernandez Emmanuel , Pouliquen Sylvain , Massines Françoise 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis work demonstrates the efficient optical and passivation properties provided by hydrogenated silicon nitride (SiNx:H) layers deposited in a lab‐scale atmospheric pressure plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP‐PECVD) reactor. By applying modulated low‐frequency plasma (200 kHz), homogeneous SiNx:H layers, with small variances in thickness w and refractive index n (Δw ≤ 2 nm; Δn ≤ 0.02), were achieved on a surface area of 45 × 55 mm2. The use of voltage amplitude modulation enabled discharge optimization and led to greatly enhanced SiNx:H film homogeneity and conformity in comparison with continuous plasma discharge conditions. Additionally, AP‐PECVD SiNx:H showed good thermal stability (Δw ≤ 1 nm; Δn ≤ −0.02) with low absorption coefficients (k ≤ 0.1 at 275 nm), demonstrating that such layers could act as efficient antireflective coatings. Furthermore, outstanding surface passivation properties were achieved after firing, both on n‐type FZ c‐Si substrates of standard 2.8 Ω.cm doping (τeff = 1.45 ms) and on highly doped 85 Ω/sq n+ emitters (j0e = 74 ± 2 fA.cm−2). Finally, AP‐PECVD SiNx:H thin films were tested on industrial passivated emitter and rear solar cell (PERC) architectures, where the potential of applying these layers both as efficient rear‐side capping layer and front‐side antireflective coating was demonstrated. The first lab‐scale 40 × 40 mm2 PERC solar cells featuring AP‐PECVD SiNx:H layers led to conversion efficiencies of up to 20.6%. These results pave the way for upscaling the dielectric barrier discharge lab‐scale reactor in an industrial in‐line process, which could provide low‐cost and high‐throughput SiNx:H capping and antireflective layers.
Modeling conformational flexibility of kinases in inactive states
Authors: Schwarz Dominik , Merget Benjamin , Deane Charlotte , Fulle Simone 
Published: June 2019

AbstractKinase structures in the inactive “DFG‐out” state provide a wealth of druggable binding site variants. The conformational plasticity of this state can be mainly described by different conformations of binding site‐forming elements such as DFG motif, A‐loop, P‐loop, and αC‐helix. Compared to DFG‐in structures, DFG‐out structures are largely underrepresented in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Thus, structure‐based drug design efforts for DFG‐out inhibitors may benefit from an efficient approach to generate an ensemble of DFG‐out structures. Accordingly, the presented modeling pipeline systematically generates homology models of kinases in several DFG‐out conformations based on a sophisticated creation of template structures that represent the major states of the flexible structural elements. Eighteen template classes were initially selected from all available kinase structures in the PDB and subsequently employed for modeling the entire kinome in different DFG‐out variants by fusing individual structural elements to multiple chimeric template structures. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that conformational transitions between the different DFG‐out states generally do not occur within trajectories of a few hundred nanoseconds length. This underlines the benefits of the presented homology modeling pipeline to generate relevant conformations of “DFG‐out” kinase structures for subsequent in silico screening or binding site analysis studies.
A High‐Performance and Low‐Cost Ethanol Vapor Sensor Based on a TiS2/PVP Composite
Authors: Hosseini‐Shokouh Seyed Hossein , Fardindoost Somayeh , Zad Azam Iraji 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLow‐cost ethanol vapor sensors are fabricated by electrospinning of TiS2/PVP fibers on pre‐patterned metal electrodes. TiS2 ribbons have been synthesized through sulfuration of titanium (Ti) foil using chemical vapor transport (CVT). We found selective and stable responses at a low concentration of ethanol vapor (2 ppm) at room temperature with the transient response and recovery times experimentally around 60 s and 2 s respectively. The relatively high responses of sensors (6800% at 18 ppm) are attributable to the synergy effect of TiS2/PVP composite structure. The mechanism of sensing is discussed based on proton hopping while the sensors exposed to ethanol vapor.
An Investigation on the Effect of Li–Ion Cycling on the Vertically Aligned Brookite TiO2 Nanostructure
Authors: Kitchamsetti Narasimharao , Kalubarme Ramchandra S. , Chikate Parameshwar R. , Park Chan‐Jin , Ma Yuan‐Ron , Shirage Parashram M. , Devan Rupesh S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe reported the investigation on the effect of Li‐ion cycling on the vertically aligned brookite (β) TiO2 nanorods coated on Cu substrate as a Li‐ion battery electrode. The vertically grown β‐TiO2 nanorods synthesized over large area array using hot filament metal vapor deposition (HFMVD) technique were ∼19 nm in diameter with well‐defined textural boundaries. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the formation of stoichiometric β‐TiO2 nanorods and Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of pure brookite phase, and not accompanied by the anatase and/or rutile phases. The β‐TiO2 nanorods showed good electrochemical performance with the appearance of the potential plateau at 1.8 and 2.1 V during Li insertion and desertion. The initial discharge/charge capacities of ∼81 (52 μAh cm−2 μm−1) and ∼72 mAhg−1 (45 μAh cm−2 μm−1) obtained at the current density of 33 mAg−1 were retained further to ∼62 mAhg−1 (40 μAh cm−2 μm−1) until the 200th cycle. The exceptional cycling performance of β‐TiO2 nanorods with a high coulombic efficiency of greater than ∼98% confirms their potentials as a competent electrode for Li‐ion rechargeable batteries.
Biological Oxidase Enzyme Mimetic Cu‐Pt Nanoalloys: A Multifunctional Nanozyme for Colorimetric Detection of Ascorbic Acid and Identification of Mammalian Cells
Authors: Shah Maitri , Shah Juhi , Arya Homica , Vyas Aashna , Vijapura Akdasbanu , Gajipara Akhil , Shamal Anmol , Bakshi Malvika , Thakore Prachi , Shah Rutvi , Saxena Vijaylaxmi , Varade Dharmesh , Singh Sanjay 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNanomaterials serving as artificial enzymes of the new generation (nanozymes), exhibit enhanced catalytic performance, excellent stability, low cost of production, and other associated properties of nanoparticles. This emerging field of nanozymes has broad‐spectrum potential applications in the bridging area nanotechnology and biomedicine. Among metal‐based nanozymes, bimetallic nanoparticles have been found to show enhanced catalytic performance and display ability to catalyze multistep reactions typically not observed in their monometallic counterparts. Herein, we report the synthesis of Cu−Pt based bimetallic nanoalloys coated with a nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene cholesteryl ether. The characterization data suggest that the developed nanoalloys have an almost uniform distribution of Cu and Pt (1:1) elements; therefore, this novel technique could be used for the large‐scale synthesis of Cu−Pt based nanozymes in a one‐step procedure. Further investigations showed that these bimetallic nanoalloys possess excellent biological oxidase enzyme‐like activity and the catalytic activity could be performed at harsh conditions of pH and temperature. Oxidase activity of Cu−Pt nanoalloys was utilized for the sensitive detection of ascorbic acid in the sub‐micromolar concentration range. Supplementing ATP in the oxidase reaction, the nanozyme showed enhanced catalytic activity, which was used for the detection of human liver cells.
Preparation of Ethyl Cellulose Composite Film with Down Conversion Luminescence Properties by Doping Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Yan Guihua , Sun Yong , Tang Xing , Zeng Xianhai , Lin Lu , Lei Tingzhou 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of a perovskite quantum dot‐ethyl cellulose (PQD‐EC) composite film are described. The toluene suspension of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) was injected into the ethyl cellulose (EC) toluene solution to form the transparent solution. Then the composite film was prepared by solvent casting method. The composite film had the characteristics of high optical transmittance and excellent down conversion luminescent. When excited by ultraviolet (UV) 365 nm, it exhibited bright green emission centered at 518 nm. The analyses showed that the composite film exhibited excellent thermodynamic and mechanical properties similar to the pure EC film. Further, the sandwich‐like multilayer films was prepared by encapsulating the PQDs‐EC composite film with pure EC films to overcome the defect of PQDs susceptible to water. When used as coating film for solar cell, the composite film obtained an observable enhancement in the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Highly Efficient CuCo2O4 Decorated Er0.4Bi1.6O3 Nanostructured Cathode for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Kong Yu , Sun Chengzhi , Wu Xian , Zhang Yu , Zhang Naiqing , Sun Kening 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe cathode efficiency for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells is largely limited by the catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction. Here by, we design and synthesize CuCo2O4 decorated Er0.4Bi1.6O3 cathode by means of a simple gelation method and then screen‐print it on scandium‐stabilized zirconia electrolyte cell followed by a relatively lower temperature sintering process. The decoration of CuCo2O4 adequately enhances the electro‐catalytic activity of the composite cathode for the ORR. In addition, Er0.4Bi1.6O3 matrix also reduces the sintering temperature (from 1000 °C to 850 °C) compared to the pristine CuCo2O4 electrode. The CuCo2O4‐decorated‐Er0.4Bi1.6O3 composite cathode demonstrates a lower polarization resistance (0.016 Ω cm2 at 800 °C) in air, exhibiting an 87% decrease in comparison to the primary CuCo2O4 cathode.
Unsupported Nanoporous Gold‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of Quinolines Using Formic Acid as a Hydrogen Source
Authors: Butt Madiha , Zhao Yuhui , Feng Xiujuan , Lu Ye , Jin Tienan , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Bao Ming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe unsupported nanoporous gold (AuNPore) is demonstrated to be an active and stable heterogeneous catalyst for chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of quinolines using bio‐renewable formic acid (HCO2H) as hydrogen source. The AuNPore‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of quinolines proceeded smoothly in the presence of low amounts of HCO2H at a relatively low temperature to produce the desired 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines (py‐THQs) in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that the AuNPore‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of quinolines proceeded through a sequence of 1,4‐hydride addition, isomerization, and 1,2‐hydride addition. This operationally simple protocol offers a practical alternative to the currently known methods for chemoselective quinoline reduction.
Urea‐Catalysed Access to Novel Spirooxindole Benzopyrans via Domino Multicomponent Cascade: Approach Towards Sustainability
Authors: Bagchi Sourav , Shube Hussen Abdulkadir , Deeksha  , Sharma Anuj 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA multicomponent one‐pot domino reaction of 1‐hydroxy‐3H‐benzo[f]chromen‐3‐one, isatin and malononitrile/ethyl cyanoacetate is herein investigated. The methodology concludes to synthesize diversified novel spiro‐benzo[f]pyranochromene derivatives in good to excellent yields. This method is compatible with different unsubstituted and substituted isatins bearing electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups. The operational simplicity, short reaction time along with the gram scale up protocol make this synthetic process suitable for both academia as well as industry.
Facile Scalable Synthesis of Carbon‐Coated Ge@C and GeX@C (X=S, Se) Anodes for High Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Miao , Zheng Hui , Zhan Wenqi , Luo Qinxin , Tang Kaibin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAmorphous germanium@C and germanium chalcogenides@C composites have been fabricated via a simply developed synthetic route. Taking advantage of the carbon coating of these materials, they all exhibit excellent Li storage properties as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Typically, Ge@C presents a capacity of 672 mAh g−1 after 80 cycles at current density of 0.5 A g−1. The capacities of GeS@C are about 604 mAh g−1 over 180 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 and 365 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles, respectively. As for GeSe@C electrode, it exhibit high capacities of nearly 780 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 over 180 cycles and 562 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 over 60 cycles.
Two‐Photon Vertical‐Flow Lithography for Microtube Synthesis
Authors: Lölsberg Jonas , Cinar Arne , Felder Daniel , Linz Georg , Djeljadini Suzana , Wessling Matthias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo‐photon vertical‐flow lithography is demonstrated for synthesis of complex‐shaped polymeric microtubes with a high aspect ratio (>100:1). This unique microfluidic approach provides rigorous control over the morphology and surface topology to generate thin‐walled (<1 µm) microtubes with a tunable diameter (1–400 µm) and pore size (1–20 µm). The interplay between fluid‐flow control and two‐photon lithography presents a generic high‐resolution method that will substantially contribute toward the future development of biocompatible scaffolds, stents, needles, nerve guides, membranes, and beyond.
General Approach to Produce Nanostructured Binary Transition Metal Selenides as High‐Performance Sodium Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Ali Zeeshan , Asif Muhammad , Zhang Teng , Huang Xiaoxiao , Hou Yanglong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMultiple transition metals containing chalcogenides have recently drawn boosted attraction as anodes for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Their greatly enhanced electrochemical performances can be attributed to the superior intrinsic conductivities and richer redox reactions, comparative to mono metal chalcogenides. To employ various binary metals comprising selenides (B‐TMSs) for SIBs, discovery of a simplistic, scalable and universal synthesis approach is highly desirable. Herein, a simple, facile, and comprehensive strategy to produce various combinations of nanostructured B‐TMSs is presented. As a proof of concept, optimized, high surface area bearing, and hierarchical nanosheets of iron–nickel selenide (FNSe), iron–cobalt selenide, and nickel–cobalt selenide are produced and employed in SIBs. These B‐TMSs exhibit adequately high energy capacities, excellent rate capabilities, and an extraordinarily stable life of 2600 cycles. As far as it is known, it is the first work to discuss sodium storage of FNSe, so various in situ and ex situ battery analyses are carried out to probe the sodium storage mechanism. When employed in sodium full batteries, these B‐TMSs present reasonably high reversible specific capacities even after 100 cycles. Overall, the presented strategy will pave the way for facile synthesis of numerous binary transition metal chalcogenides that are the potential materials for energy storage and conversion systems.
Effects of soil‐structure interaction and lateral design load pattern on performance‐based plastic design of steel moment resisting frames
Authors: Ganjavi Behnoud , Gholamrezatabar Abolfazl , Hajirasouliha Iman 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe effects soil‐structure interaction (SSI) and lateral design load‐pattern are investigated on the seismic response of steel moment‐resisting frames (SMRFs) designed with a performance‐based plastic design (PBPD) method through a comprehensive analytical study on a series of 4‐, 8‐, 12‐, 14‐, and 16‐story models. The cone model is adopted to simulate SSI effects. A set of 20 strong earthquake records are used to examine the effects of different design parameters including fundamental period, design load‐pattern, target ductility, and base flexibility. It is shown that the lateral design load pattern can considerably affect the inelastic strength demands of SSI systems. The best design load patterns are then identified for the selected frames. Although SSI effects are usually ignored in the design of conventional structures, the results indicate that SSI can considerably influence the seismic performance of SMRFs. By increasing the base flexibility, the ductility demand in lower story levels decreases and the maximum demand shifts to the higher stories. The strength reduction factor of SMRFs also reduces by increasing the SSI effects, which implies the fixed‐base assumption may lead to underestimated designs for SSI systems. To address this issue, new ductility‐dependent strength reduction factors are proposed for multistory SMRFs with flexible base conditions.
Parametric study of the use and optimization of tuned mass dampers to control the wind‐ and seismic‐induced responses of a slender monument
Authors: Pozos‐Estrada Adrián , Gómez Roberto 
Published: June 2019

SummaryPassive energy dissipation devices have been used around the world to mitigate the response of structures under dynamic excitations, such as wind or seismic loading. The use of tuned mass dampers (TMD) in tall and slender buildings to reduce unwanted responses has proved to be very effective. The main purpose of this work is to study the structural behavior of a 115‐m‐height slender monument fitted with TMDs subjected to simulated wind and seismic loading. Turbulent wind forces were calculated based on samples of turbulent wind speed simulated with an auto regressive and moving average (ARMA) model. Ground motions compatible with a seismic site spectrum were also simulated. An optimization approach is suggested to determine the parameters of the TMDs that reduce the structural response to the maximum. The effectiveness of the TMDs for reducing the structural response of the monument is discussed in detail, and the use of optimally tuned TMDs is emphasized.
The Impact of Potential Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement Renegotiation on the Korean Rice Market and Trade
Authors: Soon Byung Min , Westhoff Patrick , Thompson Wyatt 
Published: June 2019

AbstractKorea replaced its rice import quota with a tariff rate quota (TRQ) in 2015. A structural model representing the Korean rice market is developed to evaluate this new trade policy and examine the possibility of Korean rice imports under uncertainty. Results indicate that rice imports in excess of the current TRQ quantity are unlikely for a range of market conditions. Two scenarios, which are the over-quota tariff rate reduction and the TRQ quantity expansion, show how the market responds to policy changes. In addition, Korean rice imports are sensitive to consumer preferences for different rice types.
Rapid multi-layer method on solving optimal endo-atmospheric trajectory of launch vehicles
Authors: Wei Changzhu , Han Yepeng , Pu Jialun , Li Yuan , Huang Panxing 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIn order to increase the speed, precision and robustness against the engine failure in solving optimal endo-atmospheric ascent trajectory of a launch vehicle, a rapid multi-layer solving method with improved numerical algorithms was proposed. The proposed method is capable of decomposing a large number of intervals into multiple layers with advantageous convergence property. Firstly, the problem of solving optimal endo-atmospheric ascent trajectory, which was subjected to path constraints and terminal constraints, was transformed into a Hamilton Two Point Boundary Value Problem (TPBVP). Then, through the finite difference method and numerical solving algorithm, the Hamilton TPBVP was iteratively solved with fewer initial discrete intervals. The initial values of higher-layer iterations were obtained by interpolating convergent solutions at sparse nodes into the doubly discrete nodes of high layers. The process was repeatedly performed until the solving precision met the requirements. To decrease the calculation load in solving TPBVPs, two improved solving algorithms without and with fewer Jacobian calculations were studied, respectively the Derivative-free Spectral Algorithm for Nonlinear Equations(DF-SANE) combined with the improved derivative-free nonmonotone line search strategy, and the Modified Newton method with a relaxation factor in combination with the Inverse Broyden Quasi-Newton method, denoted as ‘MN-IBQ’. Simulation verifications showed that the multi-layer method had significantly higher solving speed than the single-layer method. For the improved numerical algorithms, the DF-SANE was trapped in the local convergence problem. While using the proposed MN-IBQ can further increase the solving rate. Typical engine failure simulations showed that the multi-layer method with the MN-IBQ algorithm had not only significantly higher solving speed but also stronger robustness, where the traditional single-layer method could not adapt. In addition, the thrust loss tolerance limits for the multi-layer solving method were given for different engine failure times. The results show promising potential of the proposed approach in trajectory online generation and closed-loop guidance of launch vehicles at the endo-atmospheric ascent stage.