bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is EFL students’ academic writing becoming more informal?
Authors: Praminatih Gusti A. , Kwary Deny A. , Ardaniah Viqi 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
A thesis is a formal academic writing; however, since nowadays communication tends to become more informal, some theses may also use informality features. This study aims at analyzing the undergraduate thesis abstracts from the years of 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016 of Indonesian EFL students. This study found that the thesis abstracts contained eight types of informality features: first-person pronouns, second-person pronouns, sentence-initial conjunctions/conjunctive adverbs, sentence-final prepositions, run-on sentences/expressions, sentence fragments, contractions, and direct questions. From those eight features, four of them have constantly appeared over time. The statistical calculation shows a negative correlation between the years and these four features: the first-person pronouns, the sentence-initial conjunctions/conjunctive adverbs, the run-on sentences/expressions, and the sentence fragments. This means that the use of informality features has decreased overtime. This could signify that there has been an improvement in the teaching and learning process or that the EFL learners have become more conservative in their academic writing.
An Empirical Analysis of the Welfare Consequences of Rising Food Prices in Urban China: The Easi Approach
Authors: Hovhannisyan Vardges , Shanoyan Aleksan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe recent rise in food prices in China triggered by global commodity price spikes led to growing welfare concerns among economists and policymakers. While evidence suggests the Chinese government was successful in preventing major upswings in food prices, the true impact on consumer welfare remains unknown. This study examines consumer welfare consequences of food price increases in China based on the Fixed‐Effects Exact Affine Stone Index (FE‐EASI) demand model that accounts for unobserved consumer and provincial heterogeneity estimated on nationally representative provincial‐level panel data. The effects of actual price changes as well as two policy initiatives are evaluated. The major findings indicate that urban wages outpaced food prices, and consumer welfare loss has been moderate as a fraction of food expenditures. The results of policy analysis indicate that government subsidies overcompensated the negative effects of price increases for the relatively less affluent households.
Principal Controversies in Vaccine Safety in the United States
Authors: DeStefano Frank , Bodenstab Heather Monk , Offit Paul A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Concerns about vaccine safety can lead to decreased acceptance of vaccines and resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases. We summarize the key evidence on some of the main current vaccine safety controversies in the United States, including (1) measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and autism; (2) thimerosal, a mercury-based vaccine preservative and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders; (3) vaccine-induced Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS); (4) vaccine-induced autoimmune diseases; (5) safety of human papillomavirus vaccine; (6) aluminum adjuvant-induced autoimmune diseases and other disorders; and (7) too many vaccines given early in life predisposing children to health and developmental problems. A possible small increased risk of GBS following influenza vaccination has been identified, but the magnitude of the increase is less than the risk of GBS following influenza infection. Otherwise, the biological and epidemiologic evidence does not support any of the reviewed vaccine safety concerns.
Impact of secondary electron emission noise in SEM
Authors: Sakakibara Makoto , Suzuki Makoto , Tanimoto Kenji , Sohda Yasunari , Bizen Daisuke , Nakamae Koji 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In semiconductor-device inspection using scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), the irradiation dose of the electron beam becomes lower because of increasing needs for higher throughput and lower damage to the samples. Therefore, it is necessary to form images using fewer primary electrons, making noise reduction of SEM images one of the main challenges. We have modeled the imaging process of SEMs, which consists of the generation of primary, secondary and tertiary electrons (PEs, SEs and TEs, respectively), and detection. Furthermore, a method to accurately evaluate the fluctuation in the number of SEs and TEs are proposed. We found that SEM-image noise can be minimized by directly detecting SEs generated in the sample, in which case the fluctuation in the number of SEs determines the image quality. The variance number of SEs emitted from a 500-eV PE irradiation onto a Si wafer is 1.9 times as large as the value derived assuming a Poisson process. A Monte-Carlo simulation result was used to explain the experimental results and predict that PE energy less than 1 keV suppresses the fluctuation in the number of SEs, and consequently, the SEM-image noise level. These findings provide a method for determining imaging conditions that improve the throughput of SEMs.
BCR-ABL1-like B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma with FOXP1-ABL1 Rearrangement: Comprehensive Laboratory Identification Allowing Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Use
Authors: Yenamandra Ashwini K , Kaviany Saara , Borinstein Scott C , Friedman Debra L , Kovach Alexandra E 
Published: February 2019

AbstractB-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL) is the most common type of childhood cancer; it also occurs in teenagers and adults, in whom the prognosis is generally less favorable. Therapeutic and molecular advances have substantially improved the treatment for subtypes of B-ALL, such that subclassification by cytogenetic and molecular alterations is critical for risk stratification and management. Novel rearrangements involving ABL1, JAK2, EPO, and other kinases have been identified that may respond to inhibition akin to BCR-ABL1. This diverse group of leukemias has been recognized as a provisional entity in the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of the Hematopoietic Neoplasms as B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, BCR-ABL1–like (Ph-like B-ALL).Herein, we present cytogenetic and molecular analysis of a case of B-ALL in a 16-year-old Caucasian boy with t(3;9) FOXP1-ABL1 rearrangement and concurrent loss of IKZF1, CDKN2A, and RB1 gene loci, meeting WHO criteria for Ph-like ALL. This case highlights diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic considerations of this recently recognized entity.
Vaginal Native Tissue Repair for Posterior Compartment Prolapse: Long-term Analysis of Sexual Function and Quality of Life in 151 Patients
Authors: Schiavi Michele Carlo , D'Oria Ottavia , Faiano Pierangelo , Prata Giovanni , Di Pinto Anna , Sciuga Valentina , Colagiovanni Vanessa , Giannini Andrea , Zullo Marzio Angelo , Monti Marco , Muzii Ludovico , Panici Pierluigi Benedetti 
Published: February 2019

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2018;24:419–423)
Specific types of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are classified according to the herniating vaginal compartment: anterior (cystocele), posterior (rectocele), and apical (uterine or vault prolapse). Seventy-five percent of women with POP have a rectocele.
Telehealth Therapy Effects of Nurses and Mental Health Professionals From 2 Randomized Controlled Trials for Chronic Back Pain
Authors: Gannon Jamie , Atkinson Joseph H. , Chircop-Rollick Tatiana , D’Andrea John , Garfin Steven , Patel Shetal , Penzien Donald B. , Wallace Mark , Weickgenant Anne L. , Slater Mark , Holloway Rachael , Rutledge Thomas 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
To compare the efficacy of mental health professional versus primary care nurse-delivered telehealth cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and supportive care (SC) treatments for chronic low back pain, using data from 2 separate randomized controlled trials. Both trials were completed in the same hospital and used the same study design, research team, and outcome measures.

Materials and Methods:
Participants from Study 1 (Mental Health Professional Study) (N=66; 2007 to 2011) and Study 2 (Nursing Study) (N=61; 2012 to 2016) were patients with chronic low back pain (≥4/10 intensity) randomized to either an 8-week CBT or an SC telehealth condition matched for contact frequency, format, and time. Participants completed validated measures of improvement in back pain disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire [RMDQ]), pain intensity (Numeric Rating Scale [NRS]), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory 2 [BDI-2]), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale [PCS]), and overall improvement (Global Clinical Impressions [GCI]).

Results:
Intent-to-treat analyses at posttreatment showed that scores on the RMDQ (Cohen d=0.33 to 0.55), NRS (d=0.45 to 0.90), PCS (d=0.21 to 0.41), and GCI (18.5% to 39.1%) improved significantly in both studies and in both treatments from pretreatment to posttreatment. Changes in BDI scores were inconsistent (d=−0.06 to 0.51). The analyses revealed no significant differences in treatment efficacy between the trained nurse versus the mental health professionals on the RMDQ, NRS, PCS, or GCI measures (P>0.20).

Discussion:
Results from these clinical trials suggest that the benefits of home-based, telehealth-delivered CBT and SC treatments for chronic back pain were comparable when delivered by a primary care nurse or mental health professional.
Biomechanical Comparison of Tension Band Fixation of Patella Transverse Fracture: Headless Screws Versus Headed Screws
Authors: Martin Jill M. , Applin Dylan T. , McGrady Linda M. , Wang Mei , Schmeling Gregory J. 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the stability and strength of tension band wire fixation using headless compression screws versus headed screws for transverse patella fractures.

Methods:
Six matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric knees with transverse osteotomies created at the midpoint of the patella were surgically fixed, with one knee randomly receiving fixation with headless screws (Acumed Acutrak 4/5) and the other with headed screws (Synthes 4.0 partially threaded cannulated screws). The specimens were mounted onto a servohydraulic load frame in a 45-degree flexed position and loaded through the quadriceps tendon. Interfragmentary movement was recorded with a motion analysis system. The initial fixation stiffness, range of interfragmentary motion, and strength of the headless screw construct were compared with the headed screw construct. Failure was defined as either a sudden drop in applied tendon force or 2 mm of separation on the anterior surface of the patella (ie, clinical failure), whichever occurred first.

Results:
Mean primary interfragmentary motion was 0.31 ± 0.28 degrees for the headed screws and 0.10 ± 0.06 degrees for headless screws under 150 N load (P = 0.03). Mean construct stiffness was 277 ± 243 N/degrees for the headed screws and 510 ± 362 N/degrees for the headless screws (P = 0.03). None of the constructs from either group displayed structural failure before reaching the clinical failure gap of 2 mm. The mean clinical failure strength was 808 ± 183 N for the headless screws construct and 520 ± 241 N for the headed screws construct (P = 0.03).

Conclusions:
Headless screw tension band fixation demonstrated superior biomechanical behaviors over standard headed screw fixation with higher construct rigidity, smaller interfragmentary motion, and greater fixation strength.
Enhanced Performance of Next-Generation Sequencing Diagnostics Compared With Standard of Care Microbiological Diagnostics in Patients Suffering From Septic Shock
Authors: Grumaz Silke , Grumaz Christian , Vainshtein Yevhen , Stevens Philip , Glanz Karolina , Decker Sebastian O. , Hofer Stefan , Weigand Markus A. , Brenner Thorsten , Sohn Kai 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:
Culture-based diagnostics represent the standard of care in septic patients, but are highly insensitive and in many cases unspecific. We recently demonstrated the general feasibility of next-generation sequencing-based diagnostics using free circulating nucleic acids (cell-free DNA) in plasma samples of septic patients. Within the presented investigation, higher performance of next-generation sequencing-based diagnostics was validated by comparison to matched blood cultures.

Design:
A secondary analysis of a prospective, observational, single-center study.

Setting:
Surgical ICU of a university hospital and research laboratory.

Patients:
Fifty patients with septic shock, 20 uninfected patients with elective surgery as control cohort.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
From 256 plasma samples of 48 septic patients at up to seven consecutive time points within the 28-day observation period, cell-free DNA was isolated and analyzed by next-generation sequencing and relevance scoring. In parallel, results from culture-based diagnostics (e.g., blood culture) were obtained. Plausibility of blood culture and next-generation sequencing results as well as adequacy of antibiotic therapy was evaluated by an independent expert panel. In contrast to blood culture with a positivity rate of 33% at sepsis onset, the positivity rate for next-generation sequencing-based pathogen identification was 72%. Over the whole study period, blood culture positivity was 11%, and next-generation sequencing positivity was 71%. Ninety-six percent of positive next-generation sequencing results for acute sepsis time points were plausible and would have led to a change to a more adequate therapy in 53% of cases as assessed by the expert evaluation.

Conclusions:
Our results show that next-generation sequencing-based analyses of bloodstream infections provide a valuable diagnostic platform for the identification of clinically relevant pathogens with higher sensitivity and specificity than blood culture, indicating that patients might benefit from a more appropriate therapy based on next-generation sequencing-based diagnosis.
Impact of the Advanced Practice Provider in Adult Critical Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis*
Authors: Kreeftenberg Herman G. , Pouwels Sjaak , Bindels Alexander J. G. H. , de Bie Ashley , van der Voort Peter H. J. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:
To evaluate the effects on quality and efficiency of implementation of the advanced practice provider in critical care.

Data Sources:
PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were used to extract articles regarding advanced practice providers in critical care.

Study Selection:
Articles were selected when reporting a comparison between advanced practice providers and physician resident/fellows regarding the outcome measures of mortality, length of stay, or specific tasks. Descriptive studies without comparison were excluded. The methodological quality of the included studies was rated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The agreement between the reviewers was assessed with Cohen’s kappa. A meta-analysis was constructed on mortality and length of stay.

Data Extraction and Synthesis:
One-hundred fifty-six studies were assessed by full text. Thirty comparative cohort studies were selected and analyzed. These compared advanced practice providers with physician resident/fellows. All studies comprised adult intensive care. Most of the included studies showed a moderate to good quality. Over time, the study designs advanced from retrospective designs to include prospective and comparative designs.

Data Synthesis:
Four random effects meta-analyses on length of stay and mortality were constructed from the available studies. These meta-analyses showed no significant difference between performance of advanced practice providers on the ICU and physician residents/fellows on the ICU, suggesting the quality of care of both groups was equal. Mean difference for length of stay on the ICU was 0.34 (95% CI, –0.31 to 1.00; I
2 = 99%) and for in hospital length of stay 0.02 (95% CI, –0.85 to 0.89; I
2 = 91%); whereas the odds ratio for ICU mortality was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.81–1.19; I
2 = 37.3%) and for hospital mortality 0.92 (95% CI, 0.79–1.07; I
2 = 28%).

Conclusions:
This review and meta-analysis shows no differences between acute care given by advanced practice providers compared with physician resident/fellows measured as length of stay or mortality. However, advanced practice providers might add value to care in several other ways, but this needs further study.
A Reactive Peripheral Gamma-Delta T-cell Lymphoid Proliferation After a Tick Bite
Authors: Martin Seth M. , Flowers Richard , Saavedra Arturo P. , Gru Alejandro A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract:
Peripheral gamma-delta T-cell proliferations are encountered in reaction to certain infections and in primary malignancies. Identifying sources of benign reactions is key in avoiding unnecessary workup and surveillance of these aggressive malignancies. Borrelia infections have been implicated in a number of lymphoproliferative disorders, but rarely, if ever, in this setting. While gamma-delta T-cells are known to play a prominent role in the immune response to Borrelia infection, B-cell differentiation is encountered in the majority of Borrelia-associated proliferations. We present here a unique case of benign-appearing peripheral gamma-delta T-cell lymphoid proliferation in the setting of a tick-bite with subsequent erythema migrans-like skin findings.
Intraoral Cutaneous Hamartomas—Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of 3 Cases
Authors: Wilkinson Peter E. , Gopalakrishnan Rajaram , Argyris Prokopios P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract:
Intraoral cutaneous hamartomas (ICHs) are uncommon mucosal lesions characterized microscopically by a combination of cutaneous structures, including various stages of follicular and sebaceous elements. Due to their rarity, the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical attributes of ICHs have not been thoroughly delineated. Three cases of ICH were identified from our records, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor, p63, factor XIIIα, and CD34. All 3 ICHs involved the buccal mucosa with an M:F ratio = 2:1 and mean age = 42.3 years (age range: 27–61 years). ICHs presented as thickened, painless, white and yellow plaques or nodules of long duration, measuring 0.6–1.5 cm. No history of skin graft in the area of the lesions was reported. Histopathologically, the lesions showed aggregates of rudimentary folliculosebaceous structures. Although well-defined piloerector muscles were present in all cases of ICH, bona fide hair follicles and isolated hair shafts were identified only in 1 case. The overlying oral epithelium exhibited epidermis-like morphological features, while inflammation was generally absent. Immunohistochemically, strong and diffuse nuclear staining for androgen receptor and factor XIIIα was observed in the sebaceous glands, and estrogen receptor and p63 reactivity were confined exclusively to the peripheral basal cells, while progesterone receptor staining was negative in ICHs. CD34 diffusely decorated the lesional stroma. In conclusion, ICH is a rare lesion composed of cutaneous elements in an abnormal location. A predilection for the buccal mucosa is reported in the current study.
ACUTE IDIOPATHIC MACULOPATHY COMPLICATED BY CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION: NEW INSIGHTS INTO MULTIMODAL RETINAL IMAGING
Authors: Pajtler Rosar Ana , Bochicchio Sara , Giani Andrea , Bottoni Ferdinando , Staurenghi Giovanni 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To report a case of acute idiopathic maculopathy complicated by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in which multimodal imaging was used to confirm the presence of CNV and follow the response to anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment.

Methods:
A 39-year-old man was referred to our clinic for the evaluation of maculopathy in the right eye. Multimodal imaging was performed including fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, infrared fundus reflectance (IR), optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography angiography.

Results:
On the first examination, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/63 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. A diagnosis of acute idiopathic maculopathy in the right eye was made on the basis of clinical presentation and multimodal imaging. After 3 months, best-corrected visual acuity had decreased to 20/100. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography suggested the presence of a CNV. Optical coherence tomography angiography confirmed the presence of the CNV and well outlined the extension of the neovascular network. The patient underwent 2 monthly bevacizumab intravitreal injections. One month after the second injection, best-corrected visual acuity improved to 20/25, and optical coherence tomography angiography showed regression of the neovascular network. Best-corrected visual acuity remained stable during 20 months of follow-up.

Conclusion:
Our case reports the uncommon association of acute idiopathic maculopathy complicated by CNV. Multiimaging approach allowed to document the features observed in this disease. Optical coherence tomography angiography was particularly useful in showing the extension of the neovascular network and response to treatment.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN A CASE OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION SECONDARY TO UNILATERAL RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM DYSGENESIS TREATED WITH INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB THERAPY
Authors: Preziosa Chiara , Staurenghi Giovanni , Pellegrini Marco 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To document by optical coherence tomography angiography the presence of a choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis and describe its changes after treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 51-year-old woman referred to our ocular oncology service for a possible choroidal osteoma in her left eye was found to have a unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis complicated by CNV. Best-corrected visual acuity at baseline was 20/200. A complete ophthalmological evaluation including color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography was performed. The CNV appeared as a tangled vascular network on optical coherence tomography angiography. After 2 intravitreal injections of bevacizumab, the best-corrected visual acuity improved to 20/50, and optical coherence tomography angiography showed a progressive contraction of the CNV. Unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis margins remained stable at consecutive follow-up.

Conclusion:
Optical coherence tomography angiography is a useful imaging technique for the diagnosis and follow-up of CNVs secondary to unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis. Anti–vascular endothelial growth factor agents represent an effective therapy for the treatment of CNV in patients with this disease.