bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinate/Indeterminate Duality: The Necessity of a Temporal Dimension in Legal Classification
Authors: Adams Wendy 
Published: January 2019

The objective of this article is to reconcile the difficulties in legal classification that arise when subject matter is viewed from a purely spatial, i.e., a two or three-dimensional, perspective. At issue is whether the dynamic complexity of legal reasoning can be represented through a process of static classification. The difficulty with traditional approaches to classification is that while legal reasoning makes use of concurrent concepts to resolve issues, classification systems operate with mutually exclusive classes that do not permit representation of reiterative reasoning processes. Using the example of the neologism of "propertization, "an issue of increasing concern in the field of intellectual property, demonstrate that a single classification system can represent both the delerminacy the author seeks to and indeterminacy of legal concepts as they are used to resolve legal problems without sacrificing the clarity presumably required for the rule of law to operate. Resolution requires adopting a classification system that makes use of both a temporal and spatial perspective. By adopting a temporal perspective in addition to a more traditional spatial perspective, we are able to expandour focus from the products of legal classification to legal classification as a process. We can then examine the dynamic relationship of relativity between legal concepts as they operate in context, rather than limiting our analysis to the static relationship of demarcation that exists when legal classes are examined in the abstract.
Federalism, Equality, and Autonomy: Toward an Embedded Feminist Constitutional Agenda: A Review of The Gender of Constitutional Jurisprudence, Beverley Baines and Ruth Rubio-Marin, Eds.
Authors: Calder Gillian 
Published: January 2019

Book review of Federalism, Equality, and Autonomy: Toward an Embedded Feminist Constitutional Agenda: A Review of <i>The Gender of Constitutional Jurisprudence,</i> Beverley Baines and Ruth Rubio-Marin, Eds. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005)
The Civil and Criminal Applications of the Identification Doctrine: Arguments for Harmonization
Authors: MacPherson Darcy L 
Published: January 2019

The identification doctrine refers to the attribution of mental states to a corporation. This article analyzes the two types of situations in which this doctrine is used. Tlte first is where the Crown wishes to hold a corporation liable for crimes requiring proof of mental fault. Canadian Dredge & Dock Co. Ltd. v. R. serves as the cornerstone case in which the doctrine is firmly established as a "sword" against corporations in the criminal law. The second situation in which the doctrine has been used is where the corporation sues in tort, and the defendant wishes to say that the mental state of the plaintiff corporation disentitles recovery. In other words, the doctrine can be used as a "shield" for individuals against claims in tort by corporations.Legislative amendments to the Criminal Code have altered criteria for the doctrine in the criminal law. These changes do not affect the "shield" use of the doctrine, which is still governed by the common law.The author argues for the harmonization of the common law doctrine with its criminal legislative counterpart.
Rethinking Privacy: Exclusivity, Private Relation and Tort Law
Authors: Brown Russell 
Published: January 2019

Referencing recent decisions in the high courts of England. Australia and Sew Zealand that have recognized a right to privacy as a protected interest in tort law. the author examines whether the extension of tort law 's protection to "privacy" can be justified. This inquiry focuses on tort law's fundamental norms by examining whether the interest can he rationalized with a conception of liability for interference with a person's rights in his or herexternal things or in his or her own bodily integrity. The author ultimately discerns and assesses too possible justifications: first, protecting the plaintiffs interest in his or her privacy where it represents a resourcefrom which the plaintiff has excluded the defendant; andsecond, upholding the dignity of persons.
Mothers and the Phenomenology of the Memorable Photograph
Authors: Yahalom Jonathan 
Published: January 2019

This article explores the phenomenology of mothers as they return to memorable photographs.[i] It reviews research on three mothers who articulate the lived experience of photographs, and how such experience might reveal basic ontological aspects of motherhood. The phenomenology of a mother’s memorable photographs discloses an aporia of human relationships that involves the connectedness she has with her children, and the awareness that her children have become separate individuals. These two themes – separateness and coexistence – are indissolubly at odds. Each constitutes a mother’s potential lived experience of photographs as viewed in front of her. A concluding discussion reviews how each of these contradictory themes provides the necessary context for the other to arise, mutually presupposing the other. [i] The Duquesne University IRB approved the research conducted in this article (Protocol #11-27). The author would like to thank Eva Simms, Patrick Howard, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful feedback while preparing this article. This article is indebted to the three mothers who participated in this research.
Listening to the Literal: Orientations Towards How Nature Communicates
Authors: Blenkinsop Sean , Piersol Laura 
Published: January 2019

This paper begins with an assumption that the natural world is literally able to speak. What follows is research around a new place-based, ecological and imaginative public school in Maple Ridge, BC. The school has no building to speak of as there is an attempt being made, as part of the day-to-day pedagogical practice, to listen to the more-than-human as an active voice and co-teacher thereby moving from human teachers/researchers speaking in, about and for the more-than-human towards speaking with and listening to it. Drawing on our lived experience as researchers, theorists, and ecological educators, this paper proposes to draw on the student voices at the Environmental School to posit a series of five distinct orientations. Each of these orientations is potentially available to us and each offers a different way to understand, attend to and communicate with the natural world. These orientations have implications, if taken seriously, for educational practice and content. In this paper, we focus on clarifying these orientations and anchor them with examples from interviews done over the course of several school years with three different students. We end the paper by pointing out some of the educational implications that might arise if we are to take these students and, as a result, the proposed orientations seriously.
Telepresence and Tele-absence: A Phenomenology of the (In)visible Alien Online
Authors: Friesen Norm 
Published: January 2019

Proliferating media forms, from tablets to Twitter, are changing communicative practice, delimiting new experiential horizons, and thus providing phenomenological research with novel variations on the experience of self and other. Videoconferencing via Skype or FaceTime offers prominent examples of these changing forms. Despite the use of these communication technologies in both educational contexts and everyday life, educational videoconferencing has been described in the research literature as “a hidden mode of delivery, employing invisible pedagogical techniques.” In this study I address this situation of simultaneous familiarity, invisibility and uncertainty by focusing particularly on the lived experience of space, the body and eye contact in videoconferencing contexts. This study suggests that the disruption of spatial coherence and power of gaze and mutual gaze are all but unavoidable features of this experience. It concludes by emphasizing the importance forms or expressions of absence, such as the diminution of eye contact, or the importance of not always being perceived as performing or “on” in videoconferencing contexts.
Percepción de la violencia simbólica en estudiantes universitarias
Authors: Pinzón Estrada Carolina , Armas Guzmán Rosa Carolina , Aponte Valverde María Victoria , Useche Morillo Martha Liliana 
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: indagar por la percepción de la violencia simbólica a la que han sido expuestas las estudiantes universitarias por causa de su género y el papel de las universidades en esta problemática.
Metodología: se midió la percepción en cuanto a la existencia y la frecuencia de la violencia simbólica contra estudiantes de las carreras de psicología, enfermería y algunas ingenierías, desde un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo transversal. Participaron 300 mujeres de universidades privadas y públicas.
Resultados: se encontró que cerca del 70% de las encuestadas afirmó nunca haber pasado por una situación de violencia simbólica; el otro 30% expresó haber sido víctima de este tipo de violencia, al menos una vez durante su vida universitaria.
Conclusiones: se cuestiona el papel que desempeña la educación, específicamente, los roles de la docencia-docente, como legitimadoras, reproductoras o transformadoras de estas prácticas sexistas que parecen tan difíciles de erradicar, dado que hacen parte de los procesos formativos por los que la mayoría de seres humanos atraviesa.
Doppler flowmetry in determination and evaluation of blood flow characteristics in anterior abdominal wall vessels during lipoabdominoplasty
Authors: O. V. Panchuk  , V. G. Mishalov  , I. M. Leschishin  , O. I. Ohotskaya  , A. M. Smolnikov  
Published: January 2019

The aim — to determine the possibility of using Doppler blood flow in the vessels of the anterior abdominal wall in order to improve the results and develop new methods for treating patients with cosmetic defects of the anterior abdominal wall during lipoabdominoplasty.Materials and methods. Investigation of the vessels of the anterior abdominal wall using Doppler scan was performed in 58 patients. The average age of patients was 38.2 ± 2.8 years. All patients were either obese with grade I, II or overweight (average body mass index 30.2 ± 1.5). Patients were examined in the preoperative period in accordance with the standards of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. All patients had primary lipoabdominoplasty. Doppler flowmetry was performed before surgery and on day 14 after lipoabdominoplasty to assess the blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall.Results and discussion. Most muscle‑skin perforators were located at distance of 5.2 ± 0.3 cm from the median line. In the preoperative period in average 6.12 ± 1.31 perforators were detected in one patient. The average diameter of the vessels was 1.55 ± 0.8 mm. In the postoperative period, 3.25 ± 1.27 perforators with a diameter of 1.68 ± 0.75 mm were detected, which confirms the preservation of arterial branches after surgery. The average diameter of the vessels was 1.68 ± 0.75 mm, which confirms the preservation of the arterial branches after the operation. The increase in vessel caliber was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The average blood flow velocity in the vessels increased by 56 % (from 21.8 ml/min before surgery to 34.3 ml/min after surgery, p < 0.05). Vasodilation changes are explained by a decrease in the blood supply to the tissues caused by surgical trauma, a decrease in the total number of perforators and an overload of the residual vessels.Conclusions. Preoperative determination of perforated vessels helps to estimate the possibilities of resection of the flaps, determine the areas of possible dissection and volume of the entire operation. The risk of complications after abdominoplasty can be reduced by a limited flap dissection and the preservation of perforated vessels in the flap. It has been shown that in the course of lipoabdominoplasty perforation vessels with a diameter of more than 1 mm in periumbilical and upper lateral quadrants are not destroyed. During Doppler study in the postoperative period, an increase in the caliber of the arteries (p < 0.05) and the rate of blood flow in them was found to be 56 % (p > 0.05).
Features of ultrasound changes of veins in case of varicose disease of lower extremities of pregnant and puerperant women
Authors: S. M. Vasyliuk  , B. V. Krysa  , I. V. Dmytriv  
Published: January 2019

The aim — to investigate features of venous system alteration in lower extremities during pregnancy and puerperal period using ultrasound Doppler angiography.Materials and methods. The results were analyzed of ultrasound angiography of the venous system of the lower extremities in 54 pregnant women (group I) with varicose veins of the lower extremities and 14 women (group II) after delivery and the end of the lactation period before surgery for varicose disease.Results and discussion. Venous walls are getting thinner and wider in diameter during pregnancy, ostial valve regurgitation with reflux up to 2 — 3 seconds is developing, numerous capillary veins in inguinal region and vulvar lips are appearing along with aneurysmal dilatation of the stem and accessory veins and vein branches that were especially often revealed in case of inherited predisposition to varicose decease. The regression of varicose disease was revealed after the childbirth in comparison with the period of pregnancy.Conclusions. Pregnancy accelerates the development of varicose disease, especially with inherited predisposition. During pregnancy walls of veins are getting thinner, vertical and horizontal refluxes and aneurysmal dilatation are progressing in the areas of venous anastomosis and along the venous trunk. After the childbirth there was a regression of varicose decease, remission of refluxes, veins’ walls recovery. Varicose involution is mainly manifested in proximal segment of thighbone (31.9 %), saphenofemoral junction (24.6 %) and less — in proximal segment of shin‑bone (9.7 %).
Rationale and results of correction of cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction using a combination of meldonium and gamma-butyrobetaine
Authors: L. G. Voronkov  , A. S. Solonovych  , A. V. Liashenko  
Published: January 2019

The aim — to evaluate the effect of the innovative combination of meltedonium and γ‑butyrobetaine (GBB) on the state of cognitive function, quality of life and endothelial function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF).Materials and methods. We examined 24 patients with stable CHF and reduced LV EF (< 40 %) of the II — III functional class according to NYHA not older than 75 years who had cognitive impairments identified using standardized testing. All patients underwent general clinical examination using standard methods of psychological testing (Mini‑Mental State Examination (MMSE), Schulte tests, HADS scale, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), self‑assessment by patients of household physical activity using the Duke University questionnaire), ultrasound diagnosis of the vasodilating function of the endothelium of the brachial artery (VDFE BA) using a test with reactive hyperemia. The combination of meldonium with GBB was administered in a dose of 2 capsules three times a day (every 8 hours) for 4 weeks.Results and discussion. After treatment with a combination of meldonium and GBB, we observed a statistically significant improvement in cognitive function indicators on the MMSE scale (p < 0.001), Schulte test (p < 0.001), as well as the quality of life by MLHFQ (p = 0.02). While taking the drug, a significant improvement of the endothelium‑dependent vasodilatory response was observed (p < 0.001). No statistically significant effect of the combination of meldonium and GBB on the level of anxiety (HADS‑A scale) and depression (HADS‑D) was observed.Conclusions. Administration to patients with CHF and decreased LV EF of a fixed combination of meldonium and GBB for 4 weeks in addition to standard basic treatment (angiotensin‑converting enzyme inhibitor, b‑blocker, mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist, diuretic) was associated with a statistically significant improvement in cognitive tests results (total score by MMSE, Schulte test run time), quality of life by MLHFQ and significant improvement in VDFE BA according to the test with reactive hyperemia.
Effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on dynamics of troponin I content in patients with severe forms of acute coronary syndrome during coronary arteries stenting
Authors: S. F. Veremchuk  , D. А.  Dzyuba  , О. A.  Loskutov  
Published: January 2019

The aim — to study the dynamics of troponin I level when conducting remote preconditioning in patients with severe clinical forms of acute coronary syndrome during percutaneous coronary recanalization of the infarct‑related artery.Materials and methods. The study involved 58 patients with severe forms of the clinical course of acute coronary syndrome who underwent stenting of the infarct‑related coronary artery. The age of patients ranged from 65.7 to 75.0 years (mean age — 68.2 ± 4.3 years). Among them were 42 men and 16 women. The average duration of anginal status before recanalization was 138.1 ± 11.52 min. Patients were divided into two groups. In the main group (n = 30) we used the method of remote preconditioning; in the control group (n = 28) — medication and interventional treatment according to the protocols adopted by the State Institution «Institute of Нeart of Ministry of Health of Ukraine» and Clinical Hospital «Feofania». Groups were homogeneous and statistically comparable.Results and discussion. The average content of troponin I in the main group was 31.2 ± 2.4 % less than in the control group. The postoperative level of troponin I in patients of the control group with cardiogenic shock was shifted to higher values, and in the main group — to smaller ones: in the main group there were 71.43 % more individuals with troponin I level from 0.44 to 1.0 ng/ml and 66.7 % less patients with troponin I level of more than 4 ng/ml than in the control group.Conclusions. The postoperative level of troponin I in patients with cardiogenic shock in the control group was shifted to higher values, while in the main group it was shifted to smaller values: in the main group there were no cases of an increase in troponin I to more than 4 ng/ml (in the control group there were 20 % of such cases). In the control group there were no patients with the level of troponin I less than 2 ng/ml (in the main group there were 12.5 % of such patients). A statistically significant difference between groups in troponin I content was 2 — 3 ng/ml (56.25 % cases in the main group and 6.7 % in the control group).
Comparison of Oral Trichlophos and Intranasal Midazolam for Sedation in Minimally Invasive Paediatric Procedures (RAMT Study)
Authors: Sharma Manoj , Yenamandra Kamal K. , Kalita Jitu , Dash Shaswat , Singh Daljit 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Uncooperative child does not allow completion of procedures, denying valuable data required for clinicians.
Material and Methods: An open labelled parallel group prospective randomized control study was conducted at zonal hospital Jorhat. We evaluated 200 children randomized into two groups using computer based randomization. Participants aged 3 months to 5 years (n=200) were randomized to receive 50 mg/kg Triclofos sodium orally or intranasal spray of midazolam 0.2 mg/kg.
Results: Adequate sedation (Ramsay reactivity score of 3 and 4) was obtained in 86% children in midazolam group as compared to 80% in triclofos group with p value of 0.138. Mean duration for onset of sedation was 20 min ± 5.4 min in Trichlophos group and 12 min ± 4.5 min with Intranasal Midazolam which was statistically significant with p-value of <0.001. The mean duration of post procedural sedation was found to be 24.00 ± 9.21 min in midazolam group and 49.00 ± 16.99 min in triclofos group (p=<0.001) which was statistically significant. No significant difference was seen for side effects frequency between the two drugs (15% in Triclofos, 10% in Midazolam group; p=0.285).
Conclusion: We conclude that intranasal midazolam is more effective than oral trichlophos with a comparable safety profile.
CTRI Trial Number: /2017/08/009448.
Cognitive Function in Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Putra Bayu Pratama , Triono Agung , Susilawati Dwi 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Epilepsy is a worldwide and common child health problem. One of its complications is cognitive impairment that will impact on children’s cognitive development and quality of life. The objective of this study is to find out whether epilepsy affects cognitive function in children.
Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using secondary data from medical records. We collected data from children with epilepsy from 2004 until 2014 that have been actively managed in the Growth and Development Clinic, Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Cognitive function referred to low IQ score that was gained from patients’ data. We analyzed the data using Fischer’s exact and two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test methods.
Results: Among 40 data samples, there were 19 patients (42.5%) with cognitive impairment (IQ < 70) and 21 patients (57.5%) without cognitive impairment (IQ ≥ 70). There were twenty-five patients examined by the Stanford-Binet IQ test, which found 15 patients with cognitive impairment. In fifteen patients who were examined with the WISC test, we found more children with epilepsy without cognitive impairment (11 patients). Comorbidity with neuro-developmental disorder significantly affected cognitive impairment in children with epilepsy (p value = 0.034, 95% CI 1.08-21.76).
Conclusions: More children with epilepsy without cognitive impairment were found. Further studies are needed with larger number of samples utilizing a prospective study design to better determine the association of epilepsy in children and cognitive impairment.
End of Paediatric Posting Assessment of Medical Interns at a Teaching hospital from Coastal Karnataka
Authors: Sahana K.S. , Qadiri Ghulam Jeelani , Saldanha Prakash R.M. 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Internship is very a critical period of a medical undergraduate education during which student evolves into a doctor. The objectives of this study were to assess the interns at the end of their paediatric postings.
Materials and Methods. Interns knowledge and skills were assessed at the end of their postings in the must know areas. Assessment was conducted by the trained faculty and interns were given the orientation about it. Method of assessment included OSCE, simulation based using standardized patients and computer-based model driven simulators. Feedback was given to the students immediately at the end of their exam
Results: Total 202 interns participated in the exam over the period of two years. New-borns assessment was done more frequently (22.7%) and interpretation of investigations was less frequently assessed (7.9%). Rest of other stations was assessed almost at the equal proportion. Highest score was observed in vaccines section (7.5) and lowest score was seen in procedures assessment (5.5).
Conclusion. Interns were found to be weaker in procedural, communication and clinical scenario judgement skills which will help us in planning future training of the Interns.