bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is It Correct to Correct for Prematurity? Theoretic Analysis of the Bayley-4 Normative Data
Authors: Aylward Glen P. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To determine whether correction for prematurity is appropriate for cognitive, language, and motor function at varying degrees of prematurity and at different baseline functional levels.

Methods:
The newly published Bayley-4 normative data on 1700 normal children were used. Raw scores for baseline levels of function (−2 SD, −1 SD, and M) were identified at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months for receptive communication, expressive communication, fine motor, and gross motor scaled scores and cognitive, language, and motor composite scores. Differences between the baseline and uncorrected scores at 4, 3, 2, and 1 months of prematurity were evaluated at each age.

Results:
Using a cutoff of 3 points (1/5 SD), correction is needed for cognitive composite scores at all gestational ages for the first 2 years and in those born 4 months premature at 3 years of age; language and motor composite scores should be corrected to 3 years at all degrees of prematurity.

Conclusion:
Not correcting for prematurity in cognitive, language, and motor function at 3 years and younger places preterm infants at a distinct disadvantage when compared to peers with few exceptions, suggesting that such correction should be routine.
Threshold Automated Perimetry of the Full Visual Field in Patients With Glaucoma With Mild Visual Loss
Authors: Wall Michael , Lee Eric J. , Wanzek Robert J. , Zamba K.D. , Turpin Andrew , Chong Luke X. , Marin-Franch Ivan 
Published: September 2019

Precis:
The authors used the Open Perimetry Interface to design a static automated perimetry test of the full field. Abnormal test locations in the nasal midperiphery and temporal inferior sector area best separated glaucomas from normals.

Purpose:
The peripheral visual field in glaucoma outside 30 degrees is largely unexplored with static perimetry. Their goal was to use threshold static automated perimetry to characterize the visual loss in glaucoma of the central 30 degrees and the far periphery.

Patients and Methods:
The authors administered the 30-2 perimetric test to 27 patients with early stage glaucoma (with mean deviation better than −4 dB) with the Goldmann III and V stimulus sizes and a custom test from 30 to up to 87 degrees with the size V stimulus twice within a month. The authors quantified (1) the retest variability, (2) the proportion of patients flagged as abnormal (at level 0.05) on the basis of pointwise probability distributions obtained from 63 ocular healthy observers, (3) the pointwise statistical distance using the Kullback-Leibler divergence between normal and glaucoma eyes, and (4) the effect of eccentricity on visual loss.

Results:
Size V 30-2 testing identified significantly more abnormal test locations (36%) than size III 30-2 (30%; P=0.004). Kullback-Leibler divergence between healthy and glaucoma distributions was greatest for the nasal midperipheral test locations and the inferior temporal sector area. A more pronounced decrease was found in visual sensitivity with eccentricity in the patients with glaucoma compared with the ocular healthy participants across the full visual field (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Patients with glaucoma demonstrate a systematic decrease in sensitivity with eccentricity across the full visual field. Goldmann size V stimuli better detected visual loss in patients with glaucoma with mild loss than size III.
Changes in Intraocular Pressure in Single Ventricle Patients After the Glenn or Fontan Procedure
Authors: Kijima Riki , Sasaki Osamu , Shinmei Yasuhiro , Ohguchi Takeshi , Takeda Atsuhito , Chin Shinki , Ishida Susumu 
Published: September 2019

Précis:
A positive correlation was observed between intraocular pressure (IOP) and central venous pressure (CVP) in patients with single ventricle (SV) during the perioperative period. IOP needs to be carefully monitored in the postoperative period after the Glenn and Fontan procedures, particularly the Glenn procedure.

Purpose:
SV is a cardiac malformation characterized by the existence of only 1 functional ventricle and is treated using the Glenn and Fontan procedures. Significant changes occur in CVP after these procedures. IOP has been reported to differ in the same individual when measured in a seated or supine position, which may be related to CVP. In the present study, we examined the relationship between CVP and IOP before and after surgery for SV.

Patients and Methods:
This study was a prospective, nonrandomized case series. All patients had SV and this study excluded those with eye diseases associated with ocular hypertension. We measured IOP before and after the Glenn or Fontan procedure. CVP was concurrently monitored.

Results:
Twenty-eight eyes of 14 patients with SV who underwent the Glenn (N=8) or Fontan (N=6) procedure were examined. Mean ages (±SD) were 2.6±0.7 months for the Glenn procedure and 24.0±2.7 months for the Fontan procedure. A correlation was observed between CVP and IOP in the perioperative period. IOP and CVP were both significantly higher after than before the Glenn and/or Fontan procedures. However, no relationship was noted between changes in IOP and CVP after the Glenn and/or Fontan procedures.

Conclusions:
Elevations in CVP significantly increased IOP in patients with SV who underwent the Glenn or Fontan procedure. IOP needs to be carefully monitored in the postoperative period after both procedures.
Duration of Pivalate-conjugated Antibiotics and Blood Glucose Levels Among Pediatric Inpatients
Authors: Sugitate Ryo , Okubo Yusuke , Matsui Atsushi 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Several cases of hypoglycemia potentially induced by pivalate-conjugated antibiotics have been reported. However, no observational studies have investigated the associations among children.

Method:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 814 consecutive inpatients < 15 years of age with lower respiratory infections. We investigated whether the duration of lower respiratory symptoms and antibiotic use on blood glucose levels and their mediating/moderating effects using multivariable linear regression models and causal mediation analyses. Additionally, we performed a systematic review of the literature that reported the potential associations between pivalate-conjugated antibiotics and hypoglycemia.

Results:
Multivariable linear regression models showed that the duration of respiratory symptoms and fever had independent relationships with the reduction in blood glucose levels, whereas duration of pivalate-conjugated antibiotic use did not. Causal mediation analyses found that the controlled direct effects of respiratory symptom duration contributed to the reduction in blood glucose levels, but the mediating/moderating effects through antibiotic use did not. A systematic review of the literature included 7 reports written in English and 14 reports written in Japanese. No reports were observational studies; therefore, we were unable to conduct a meta-analysis.

Conclusions:
Our study failed to demonstrate an association between duration of pivalate-conjugated antibiotic use and blood glucose levels. Further studies are required to illuminate the relationship.
Prevalence of Bacterial Infection in Febrile Infant 61–90 Days Old Compared With Younger Infants
Authors: Bonilla Leire , Gomez Borja , Pintos Carla , Benito Javier , Mintegi Santiago 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The objective is to compare the prevalence of serious bacterial infection (SBI) and invasive bacterial infection (IBI) in febrile infants <60 days of age and in those between 61 and 90 days.

Methods:
Prospective registry-based cohort study including all the infants ≤90 days with fever without a source evaluated in a pediatric emergency department between 2003 and 2017. We compared the prevalence of SBI and IBI in febrile infants <60 days of age and those between 61 and 90 days.

Results:
We included 3,301 infants. Overall, 605 (18.3%) had a SBI (mainly urinary tract infection), of these 81 (2.5%) had an IBI (bacteremia 60, meningitis 12, sepsis 9). The prevalence of SBI in infants >60 days old was 18.5% (95% CI: 16.4–20.7) versus 16.6% (95% CI: 14.7–18.7; n.s.) in those between 29 and 60 days and versus 21.5% (95% CI: 18.6–24.7; n.s.) in those <28 days of age. The prevalence of IBI among infants >60 days old was 1.1% (95% CI: 0.6–2.2) versus 2.3% (95% CI: 1.6–3.3; P < 0.05) in those between 29 and 60 days and 5.1% (95% CI: 3.7–7.0; P < 0.05) in those <28 days of age. The prevalence of IBI in well appearing >60 days was 1.0% (versus 4.5% in those <28 days old, P < 0.01; and 2.0% in those between 29 and 60 days, P = 0.06). All bacterial meningitis, except one, were diagnosed in infants <28 days.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of IBI in febrile infants between 61 and 90 days of age is high enough to support the recommendation for obtaining urine and blood tests in this population.
Comparison of the efficacy of continuous epidural block with epidural electrical stimulation and conventional continuous epidural block for management of zoster-associated pain beyond the acute phase
Authors: Lee Chung Hun , Choi Sang Sik , Lee Mi Kyoung , Lee Yeon Joo , Lee Mido , Park Jong Sun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Continuous epidural block (CEB) is a popular clinical method for controlling postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). However, the long-term effects of CEB on PHN have not yet been established. This study aimed to confirm the clinical efficacy of epidural electrical stimulation catheters in CEB to manage PHN.
Patients were classified into 2 groups: those with subacute PHN, between 30 and 180 days after the onset of the rash; and those with chronic PHN, over 180 days after the onset of the rash. On the basis of the type of catheter used, the patients were further divided into the following 2 groups: the esopocan group, in which the site of herpes zoster infection was confirmed using a contrast medium alone; and the epistim group, in which an additional method of electrical stimulation through a guide-wire in the catheter was used for detecting the site affected by herpes. Clinical efficacy was assessed with a numerical rating scale immediately 1, 3, and 6 months after the procedure. We also investigated whether additional interventional treatment was necessitated because of insufficient pain control during the 6-month follow-up.
We examined 88 patients. In the subacute PHN period, the numerical rating scale score was significantly lower in the epistim group than in the esopocan group until 6 months. In the chronic PHN period, no significant differences in the numerical rating scale scores were observed between the 2 groups until 6 months. In the subacute PHN period, the adjusted odds ratio for other interventional procedures within 6 months in the esopocan group versus the epistim group was 2.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83–8.09, P = .10), and in the chronic PHN period, it was 1.31 (95% CI 0.11–5.46, P = .79).
Epidural drug administration to specific segments using electrical stimulation catheters may be more useful in mitigating zoster-associated pain in subacute PHN.
Management of post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Rehman Yasir , Sadeghirad Behnam , Guyatt Gordon H. , McKinnon Margaret C. , McCabe Randi E. , Lanius Ruth A. , Richardson Donald J. , Couban Rachel , Sousa-Dias Helena , Busse Jason W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background:
Most systematic reviews have explored the efficacy of treatments on symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is a chronic and often disabling condition. Previous network meta-analysis (NMA) had limitations such as focusing on pharmacological or psychotherapies. Our review is aims to explore the relative effectiveness of both pharmacological and psychotherapies and we will establish the differential efficacy of interventions for PTSD in consideration of both symptom reduction and functional recovery.

Methods:
We will conduct a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating treatment interventions for PTSD. We will systematically search Medline, PILOT, Embase, CINHAL, AMED, Psychinfo, Health Star, DARE and CENTRAL to identify trials that: (1) enroll adult patients with PTSD, and (2) randomize them to alternative interventions or an intervention and a placebo/sham arm. Independent reviewers will screen trials for eligibility, assess risk of bias using a modified Cochrane instrument, and extract data. Our outcomes of interest include PTSD symptom reduction, quality of life, functional recovery, social and occupational impairment, return to work and all-cause drop outs.

Results:
We will conduct frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis to assess relative effects of competing interventions. We will use a priori hypotheses to explore heterogeneity between studies, and assess the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach.

Conclusion:
This network meta-analysis will determine the comparative effectiveness of therapeutic options for PTSD on both symptom reduction and functional recovery. Our results will be helpful to clinicians and patients with PTSD, by providing a high-quality evidence synthesis to guide shared-care decision making.
Interventional recanalization as a treatment of carotid stump syndrome caused by right internal carotid artery occlusion
Authors: Xu Ziqi , Wang Jinhua , Luo Benyan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Carotid stump syndrome is a cerebral infarction caused by an embolus formed subsequent to the vortex of blood flow from the occluded stump, which then moves through the collateral vessels into the brain. The covered stent and stent-assisted coil embolization stump are the effective interventions for the carotid artery stump.

Patient concerns:
A 71-year-old man twice experienced left limb weakness; diffusion weighted imaging confirmed the diagnosis of cerebral infarction. Cervical computed tomography angiography, intracranial magnetic resonance angiography, and digital subtraction angiography were conducted to evaluate collateral circulation, intraluminal composition, and shape of the carotid stump.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with cerebral infarction and right carotid stump syndrome.

Intervention:
The patient underwent interventional recanalization of the occluded internal carotid artery, which relieved his symptoms and led to satisfactory therapeutic outcomes during the clinical follow-up.

Outcomes:
A 9-month clinical follow-up revealed no stroke recurrence.

Lessons:
Interventional recanalization for the carotid artery stump syndrome is feasible. Accurate preoperative evaluation including collateral circulation, intraluminal composition, and shape of the carotid stump can assure a successful vascularization and guided management.
Multimodality palliative treatment with transarterial chemoembolization and high-intensity focused ultrasound for gastric leiomyosarcoma multiple liver metastasis pain
Authors: Cheng Chien-shan , Chen Lianyu , Xie Jing , Chen Zhen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Gastric leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare malignancy with minimal therapeutic options and has poor prognosis once metastasis develops.

Patient concerns:
A case of gastric LMS with multiple metastases, pain, and progressive anemia 13 months after the initial diagnosis in a 43-year-old woman.

Diagnosis:
Gastric LMS with liver metastases and multiple retroperitoneal lymphatic metastases.

Interventions:
Minimally invasive therapies of repeated tetrahydropalmatine and oxaliplatin-based transarterial chemoembolization and high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment were performed.

Outcomes:
The treatments resulted in significant pain relief (numerical rating scale from 8–2 points) after the initial treatment, improvement in performance status and quality of life, and a progression-free survival of 4 months after treatment.

Conclusion:
This combined modality palliative treatment approach was well tolerated with noticeable pain relief.
Isolated subacute combined degeneration in late-onset cobalamin C deficiency in children
Authors: Cui Junling , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Huifeng , Cui Xiaopu , Wang Lihui , Zheng Huacheng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) is a disease caused by decreased vitamin B12 intake or metabolic disorders. It is more common in the elderly and rarely seen in children. Here, we report 2 pediatric cases of SCD in late-onset cobalamin C (CblC) deficiency.

Patient concerns:
The patients complained of unsteady gait. Their physical examination showed sensory ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed classic manifestations of SCD. The serum vitamin B12 level was normal, but urine methylmalonic acid and serum homocysteine levels were high.

Diagnosis:
The pathogenic gene was confirmed as MMACHC. The 2 patients each had 2 pathogenic mutations C.482 G>A and C.271dupA and C.365A>T and C.609G>A in this gene. They were diagnosed with combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocysteinemia-CblC subtype.

Interventions:
The patients were treated with methylcobalamin 500 μg intravenous injection daily after being admitted. After the diagnosis, levocarnitine, betaine, and vitamin B12 were added to the treatment.

Outcomes:
Twelve days after treatment, the boy could walk normally, and his tendon reflex and sense of position returned to normal. The abnormal gait seemed to have become permanent in the girl and she walked with her legs raised higher than normal.

Lessons:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of 2 cases of isolated SCD in children with late-onset CblC disorder. Doctors should consider that SCD could be an isolated symptom of CblC disorder. The earlier the treatment, the lower the likelihood of sequelae.
Thromboelastometric evaluation of coagulation profiles of cold-stored autologous whole blood
Authors: Iwata Shihoko , Hirasaki Yuji , Nomura Minoru , Ozaki Makoto 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Preoperative autologous blood donation is a well-established procedure to reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. We hypothesized that coagulation activity is maintained in cold-stored whole blood, because the fundamental polymerization properties of fibrin are preserved.
Fifty adult patients who underwent elective cardiothoracic surgery were enrolled.
Autologous whole blood collected 2 to 4 times at almost 1-week intervals before surgery was stored at approximately 4°C until reinfusion at the time of surgery. Blood samples were drawn just before reinfusion, and rotational thromboelastometry variables and fibrinogen levels were measured.
A total of 158 samples were analyzed. The mean duration of cold storage was 16.7 ± 7.4 days (range: 6–33 days). Platelet counts were very low due to collection through a leukoreduction filter. The mean fibrinogen level was 2.3 ± 0.6 g/L. Amplitude at 10 minutes after CT (A10), amplitude at 20 minutes after CT (A20), and maximum clot firmness (MCF) values as determined by FIBTEM analysis were 10.8 ± 3.8, 12.2 ± 4.2, and 13.1 ± 4.7 mm, respectively. Fibrinogen levels were strongly correlated with A10, A20, and FIBTEM-MCF values (ρ = 0.83, P < .0001, ρ = 0.84, P < .0001, ρ = 0.85, P < .0001, respectively). Fibrinogen levels were not correlated with the duration of cold storage (ρ = 0.06, P = .43).
The results of the present study demonstrate that fibrin polymerization occurs in cold-stored autologous whole blood, and that such activity is strongly correlated with fibrinogen levels. Furthermore, our data suggest that cold-stored leukoreduced autologous whole blood retains fibrin polymerization properties throughout 33 days.
Coexistence of lung adenocarcinoma and pulmonary tuberculosis within a single lesion
Authors: Byun Hong Gwon , Yoo Jin Young , Kim Sung Jin , Lee Ok Jun , Yoo Min Young 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Pulmonary tuberculosis and lung adenocarcinoma are highly prevalent pulmonary diseases associated with high mortality. However, the coexistence of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis is rare. Further, the morphological features of lung cancer with coexisting pulmonary tuberculosis are similar to that of lung cancer without pulmonary tuberculosis, even though the lesion is predominantly cavity. For these reasons, the diagnosis in patients with coexisting lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis could be delayed until the advanced stage, and therefore, prognosis in these patients is worse compared with that of lung cancer patients without coexisting pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, early diagnosis of the condition is essential for initiating timely and suitable treatment.

Patient concerns:
A 67-year-old man was detected abnormal finding on chest CT performed outside the hospital during health screening without significant symptom.

Diagnoses:
Chest CT revealed a 3.2, irregular, enhancing cavitary mass in right lower lobe of lung and PET-CT revealed significant uptake of 18 FDG by the cavitary mass, which was suggestive of lung cancer. Pathology results confirmed a diagnosis of coexisting lung adenocarcinoma and tuberculosis.

Interventions and outcome:
The patient underwent a right lower lobectomy. No significant complications occurred in a 24 month post-surgery follow-up period

Lessons:
Although rare, the coexistence of lung adenocarcinoma and tuberculosis within a single lesion can occur. Therefore, early diagnosis of such a lesion is essential to improve the prognosis in affected patients.
The efficacy and safety of polydeoxyribonucleotide for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Kim Man Soo , Cho Ryu Kyoung , In Yong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to use meta-analysis techniques to evaluate the efficacy and safety of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) injections for knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatment.

Methods:
Multiple comprehensive databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, were searched in November 2018 for studies that compared the effectiveness and safety of intra-articular PDRN injection for the knee joint with hyaluronic acid (HA) injection. Two reviewers independently determined study inclusion and they extracted data using a standardized data extraction form. The predefined primary outcome was Visual Analogue Scale. Secondary outcomes included Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Knee Society Score (KSS), and adverse events.

Results:
Five randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. After 1 and 2 months, patients in the PDRN group showed significantly better improvement in pain than the HA group (P = .04 and P = .02, respectively). There was no significant difference in pain after 4 months. The pooled analysis showed that no significant differences were seen in function (KOOS and KSS) scores between the PDRN and HA groups (all P > .05) at all time points. There was no significant difference in adverse events between 2 groups (relative risks = 2.15, 95% confidential interval: 0.17–26.67, P = .55).

Conclusion:
The intra-articular use of PDRN was similar in function to HA, and the pain-relief effect was superior to HA for 2 months post-injection. Therefore, it could be a favorable alternative to HA to treat persistent pain associated with knee OA while avoiding side effects.

Level of evidence I