bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poetics in the work of three urban photographers: Love for the chaotic city from the site of urban rooftops
Authors: Nordström Paulina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBy exploring the poetics of three photographers, this article attempts to capture the relationship between urban denizens and the ephemeral, tumultuous city. I understand poetics as arising from their spatial affection for, and sensemaking of, the city, which in turn engenders visual landscapes. I first outline poetics as the art of inhabiting, which generates affection for the city, drawing on the writings of Gaston Bachelard, Michel de Certeau, and Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. Next, I examine how the poetics of photography is crafted in terms of creative sensemaking, where the affected body attunes to percepts and finds resonance with the city's vital forces, thereby enabling poetical landscapes to be captured by the lens.
Photoactivated chromophore for keratitis—Corneal cross‐linking in dogs and cats: A retrospective study in Italy
Authors: Crasta Manuela , Gimenez Eva , Ostan Pier Carlo , Arteaga Kevin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the success and failure rate of photoactivated chromophore for keratitis—corneal cross‐linking (PACK‐CXL) therapy in a single population of dogs and cats. To identify the usefulness of the PACK‐CXL based on ulcer depth and establish a cutoff at which this procedure could be recommended. To analyze the influence of the different variables in corneal healing time and to report the presence of secondary endothelial damage and cataract formation.Materials and MethodsMedical records of dogs and cats with presumptive infectious keratitis which underwent accelerated epithelium‐off PACK‐CXL between 2016 and 2023 were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsRecords for 369 animals were included, and the overall success rate for healing was 97% (range 4–74 days and no rescue procedure). The second success (re‐epithelialization <30 days and no rescue procedure) rate was 86%, and a total of 40 eyes needed more than 1 month for the corneal repair. Corneal ulcers were classified in three categories based on the depth: 0%–33% (46%), 34%–66% (37.4%), and 67%–100% (16.5%). The cutoff at which PACK‐CXL had a higher probability of failure was with ulcer depth >66.5%. Animals who suffered from keratomalacia and hypopyon at presentation, or were treated with topical serum or gentamicin after PACK‐CXL showed an increase in epithelial healing time (EHT). Increasing age, brachycephalic conformation, keratomalacia alone, and deeper ulcers were identified as risk factors for the treatment outcome. Secondary endothelial injury or cataract formation was not noted in this study.ConclusionsAccelerated PACK‐CXL is a non‐invasive, adjunctive treatment to medical therapy, which can be used in presumed infectious keratitis with a high probability of success. However, it is important to take in consideration the patient age, skull conformation, presence of keratomalacia, and the ulcer depth.
Immune system benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Abbasi Asghar , Wang David , Stringer William W. , Casaburi Richard , Rossiter Harry B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease characterized by pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Inflammatory mediators show relationships with shortness of breath, exercise intolerance and health related quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), a comprehensive education and exercise training programme, is the most effective therapy for COPD and is associated with reduced exacerbation and hospitalization rates and increased survival. Exercise training, the primary physiological intervention within PR, is known to exert a beneficial anti‐inflammatory effect in health and chronic diseases. The question of this review article is whether exercise training can also make such a beneficial anti‐inflammatory effect in COPD. Experimental studies using smoke exposure mice models suggest that the response of the immune system to exercise training is favourably anti‐inflammatory. However, the evidence about the response of most known inflammatory mediators (C‐reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, interleukin 10) to exercise training in COPD patients is inconsistent, making it difficult to conclude whether regular exercise training has an anti‐inflammatory effect in COPD. It is also unclear whether COPD patients with more persistent inflammation are a subgroup that would benefit more from hypothesized immunomodulatory effects of exercise training (i.e., personalized treatment). Nevertheless, it seems that PR combined with maintenance exercise training (i.e., lifestyle change) might be more beneficial in controlling inflammation and slowing disease progress in COPD patients, specifically in those with early stages of disease.
Minimising the rate of vascular complications in Deep Brain Stimulation surgery for the management of Parkinson’s disease: a single-centre 600-patient case series
Authors: Cook Raymond , Chennell Dutton Nyssa , Silburn Peter A , Meagher Linton J , Fracchia George , Anderson Nathan , Cooper Glen , Dinh Hoang-Mai , Cook Stuart J , Silberstein Paul 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesDeep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an effective, yet underused therapy for people living with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in whom tremor, motor fluctuations and/or dyskinesia are not satisfactorily controlled by oral medical therapy. Fear of vascular complications related to the operative procedure remains a strong reason for both the referrer and patient reluctance. We review the incidence of vascular complications in the first 600 patients with Parkinson’s disease treated at our centre by a single neurologist/neurosurgical team.MethodsSurgical data routinely collected for patients who underwent DBS implantation for the management of PD between the years 2001–2023 was retrospectively reviewed. Incidences of vascular complication were analysed in detail, examining causal factors.ResultsIncluding reimplantations, 600 consecutive DBS patients underwent implantation with 1222 DBS electrodes. Three patients (0.50%) experienced vascular complications.ConclusionThis vascular complication rate is at the low end of that reported in the literature. Risk mitigation strategies discussed include a consistent neurosurgical team, dual methodology target and trajectory planning, control of cerebrospinal fluid egress during the procedure, use of a specialised microelectrode recording (MER)/macrostimulation electrode without an introducing brain cannula and low number of MER passes. A reduced vascular complication rate may improve the acceptability of DBS therapy for both patients and referrers.
Associated impairments among children with cerebral palsy: findings from a cross-sectional hospital-based study in Vietnam
Authors: Khuc Thi Hong Hanh , Karim Tasneem , Nguyen Van Anh Thi , Giang Nguyen Thi Huong , Dũng Trịnh Quang , Dossetor Rachael , Cao Minh Chau , Van Bang Nguyen , Badawi Nadia , Khandaker Gulam , Elliott Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the associated impairments of cerebral palsy (CP) and their correlates among children with CP in Vietnam.DesignDescriptive cross-sectional study using hospital-based surveillance.SettingNational Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam between June and November 2017.Participants765 children with CP were recruited.Outcome measuresWe assessed clinical characteristics of CP, associated impairments (epilepsy, intellectual, visual, hearing, speech impairments) and their correlates. We performed descriptive analyses (median, IQR and proportion). χ2test and Fisher’s exact test were used for categorical variables. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression models were established and associated impairments were included as independent variables.ResultsThe median age of children was 1.7 years (IQR=2.7). Quadriplegia was the predominant subtype (69.5%) and 46.5% were at Gross Motor Function Classification System level IV–V. Of children, 76.3% had ≥one associated impairment, most commonly speech or intellectual impairments (59.1% and 57.8%, respectively). Severity of motor impairment, type of CP, maternal and perinatal factors (eg, gestational age, perinatal asphyxia, timing of injury causing CP) were associated with greater risk of associated impairments.ConclusionChildren with CP have a high burden of associated impairments. Findings from our study will inform the development and implementation of appropriate screening and interventions and reduce the long-term adverse effects of these impairments on individuals with CP and their socioeconomic impact.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices around urinary tract infections of general practitioners in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional internet survey
Authors: Cox Stefan Martinus Leonardus , Giorgi Wesley , Platteel Tamara N , Cals Jochen W L , de Bont Eefje G P M 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common reason for women to consult a general practitioner (GP). Current diagnostic tests are inadequate, complicating diagnosis and treatment decisions for GPs. To understand how this influences GPs in managing UTI, we aimed to determine GPs’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices around UTI care.DesignCross-sectional internet-based survey.SettingGeneral practice in the Netherlands between December 2021 and February 2022.ParticipantsWe distributed invitations to participate via email to 126 practices. Additionally, we distributed invitations via social media and newsletters.OutcomesThe survey included 15 questions covering GPs’ sociodemographic information, knowledge, attitudes and practices. Data analysis was based on frequencies and descriptive statistics.ResultsAmong the 190 eligible respondents, 172 (90.5%) chose dysuria and 140 (73.7%) chose urinary frequency as a symptom likely indicating UTI in healthy women. One in three GPs would diagnose a UTI based on non-specific complaints with positive leucocyte and erythrocyte tests, discordant with established guidelines. GPs indicated that better point-of-care diagnostics would help improve antibiotic prescribing (72.6%) and would conserve time (60.0%). GPs considered a positive test result the most important factor to prescribe antibiotics while patient expectation was considered least important. Half of GPs indicated that the most urgent need in UTI care is improved diagnostics.ConclusionGPs often act in discordance with established guidelines, rely on non-specific symptoms for the diagnosis of UTI and rank patient expectation as less important in comparison to symptom recognition and culture result when deciding on antibiotic treatment.
Rapid Access Diagnostics for Asthma (RADicA): protocol for a prospective cohort study to determine the optimum series of investigations to diagnose asthma using conventional and novel tests
Authors: Murray Clare S , Fowler Stephen , Drake Sarah , Wang Ran , Durrington Hannah J , Wardman Hannah , Healy Laura , Bennett Miriam , Simpson Andrew , Barrett Emma , Roberts Stephen A , Simpson Angela 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThe diagnosis of asthma is often based on characteristic patterns of symptoms in the absence of an alternative explanation, resulting in over and under diagnosis. Therefore, diagnostic guidelines usually recommend including confirmation of variable airflow obstruction. Some recommend using a sequence of objective tests; however the tests used, the specific cut-off values and the specified order are yet to be validated. We aimed to determine the optimal cut-off values and series of investigations to diagnose asthma. We also explore the potential for novel tests of small airways function and biomarkers, which could be incorporated into future diagnostic pathways.Methods and analysisThe Rapid Access Diagnostics for Asthma study is an observational study of 300 symptomatic patients with ‘clinician-suspected asthma’ and healthy controls (aged ≥3 to <70 years), recruited from primary and secondary care in Greater Manchester, UK. Symptomatic participants will undergo four core visits and one optional visit. Participants will complete two baseline visits and undergo a series of established (spirometry, bronchodilator reversibility, exhaled nitric oxide, home peak flow monitoring and bronchial challenge testing) and novel tests. Following visit 2, participants will receive monitored medium-dose inhaled corticosteroid therapy for 6–8 weeks, after which they will return for repeat testing. Patients will be diagnosed with asthma by ‘expert panel’ opinion (minimum two respiratory specialists) on review of all data (excluding novel tests) pre and post treatment. Healthy controls will attend two visits to establish reference intervals and calculate repeatability coefficients for novel tests where there is a lack of evidence on what threshold constitutes a ‘normal’ set of values. The primary end point is to determine the optimum diagnostic pathway for diagnosing asthma.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by Greater Manchester East Research Ethics Committee (18/NW/0777). All participants or parents/guardians are required to provide written informed consent and children to provide written assent. The results will be published in peer-review journals and disseminated widely at conferences and with the help of Asthma and Lung UK (www.asthmaandlung.org.uk).Trial registration numberISRCTN11676160.
Urinary tract infections and associated factors among patients with an enlarged prostate at a tertiary hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Niccodem Elieshiupendo M , Majigo Mtebe , Nyongole Obadia Venance , Manyahi Joel , Shangali Aminiel , Mwingwa Anthon George , Kunambi Peter P , Lyamuya Eligius , Joachim Agricola 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesThe objectives are to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and associated factors among patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.DesignHospital-based cross-sectional study.SettingsUrology clinic and urology ward at Muhimbili National Hospital, which is the main tertiary hospital in Tanzania’s largest city.ParticipantsPatients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer presenting with genitourinary symptoms.Main outcome measureThe primary outcome was the occurrence of UTI and factors associated with UTI in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.Results402 participants were enrolled, with a median age of 68 years and IQR of 61–75 years. The proportion of UTI was 46.5% (95% CI 41.56% to 51.53%). UTI was more prevalent among inpatients, patients with indwelling urinary catheters, patients with prostate size>80 cm3and those with residual urine volume of >100 mL. In multivariate analysis, age>60 years (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.0, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.55, p=0.018), post-void residual urine volume>100 mL (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 0.67 to 2.59 p=0.001), patient with incomplete bladder emptying (aOR=2.57, 95% CI 1.44 to 4.59, p=0.001) and prolonged catheter duration (aOR=1.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.38, p=0.005) were significantly associated with UTI.ConclusionAlmost half of the patients with an enlarged prostate and genitourinary symptoms had a laboratory-confirmed UTI. The risk of UTI increases with age, incomplete bladder emptying and increased duration of catheterisation. A 1-day increase in the duration of catheterisation increased the risk of UTI by 24%.
Healthy Eating and Active Lifestyles for Diabetes (HEAL-D) Online: a mixed methods evaluation exploring the feasibility of implementing a virtual culturally tailored diabetes self-management programme for African and Caribbean communities
Authors: Low Joseph T S , Lowry Sophie , Goff Louise M , Irwin Sally , Brady Oliver , Curran Natasha , Sevdalis Nick , Walker Andrew 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility and acceptability of delivering Healthy Eating and Active Lifestyles for Diabetes (HEAL-D) Online.InterventionHEAL-D Online—a 7-week culturally tailored type 2 diabetes educational programme delivered using online platform.SettingProgramme delivered by a London NHS trust, with patients referred from primary care healthcare professionals via a central booking system.Participants53 HEAL-D service users completed a postcourse questionnaire, and 14 service users and 7 service delivery staff participated in interviews.DesignMixed methods service evaluation.Primary and secondary outcomesService user engagement, acceptability and perceived patient benefit assessed using service activity data. Feasibility and acceptability of HEAL-D Online, using semi-structured interviews to explore the views and experiences of service users and service delivery staff.ResultsService activity data showed that initial uptake of HEAL-D Online was good (62% attendance) with a high adherence to the programme (77% completion). A high fidelity (94%) was observed, and qualitative findings showed that staff and service users were satisfied with all aspects of course delivery. Both service activity and qualitative data indicated that attendees felt more confident in controlling their diet and managing their diabetes post-HEAL-D Online.ConclusionThis evaluation demonstrates the feasibility of delivering HEAL-D using an online platform, with its ability to achieve similar goals compared with its face-to-face counterpart. Challenges were identified around the identification, recruitment and referral of eligible patients into the programme, which need to be addressed for successful implementation on a wider scale.
Knowledge, attitude and the associated factors regarding spectacle use among adults living in Debre Birhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia, 2023: a community-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Bekele Matiyas Mamo , Adimassu Nebiyat Feleke , Zeleke Tarekegn Cheklie , Shumye Abebech Fikade , Tegegn Melkamu Temeselew , Sinshaw Assem Abel 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and the associated factors regarding spectacle use among adults living in Debre Birhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia.DesignA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage sampling method.SettingThe study was conducted in Debre Birhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsThe study included 1022 adults aged ≥18 years living in Debre Birhan Town for more than 6 months.Main outcome measuresData were collected using face-to-face interviews completed by an interviewer.ResultsThe study included 1022 adults with a median age of 45 years. Of the participants, 86.01% (95% CI 83.88, 88.14) had adequate knowledge and 85.32% (95% CI 83.15, 87.50) had favourable attitude towards spectacle use. Older age (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.21, 95% CI 1.17, 1.26), higher educational status (AOR=2.65, 95% CI 1.06, 6.60), history of spectacle use (AOR=3.20, 95% CI 1.31, 7.83) and family history of spectacle use (AOR=4.75, 95% CI 2.31, 9.75) were positively associated with having adequate knowledge of spectacle use. Higher educational status (AOR=2.56, 95% CI 1.26, 5.21), history of spectacle use (AOR=3.22, 95% CI 1.58, 6.55), family history of spectacle use (AOR=1.89, 95% CI 1.13, 3.16) and adequate knowledge about spectacle use (AOR=4.63, 95% CI 2.69, 7.98) were positively associated with having favourable attitude towards spectacle use.ConclusionThis study revealed a good proportion of adults with adequate knowledge and favourable attitude towards spectacle use. Higher educational status, history of spectacle use and family history of spectacle use were significantly associated with having adequate knowledge and favourable attitude towards spectacle use.
INhaled Sedation versus Propofol in REspiratory failure in the Intensive Care Unit (INSPiRE-ICU1): protocol for a randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Boncyk Christina , Devlin John W , Faisal Hina , Girard Timothy D , Hsu Steven H , Jabaley Craig S , Sverud Ida , Falkenhav Magnus , Kress John , Sheppard Karen , Sackey Peter V , Hughes Christopher G 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionSedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit (ICU) is commonly achieved with intravenous infusions of propofol, dexmedetomidine or benzodiazepines. Significant limitations associated with each can impact their usage. Inhaled isoflurane has potential benefit for ICU sedation due to its safety record, sedation profile, lack of metabolism and accumulation, and fast wake-up time. Administration in the ICU has historically been restricted by the lack of a safe and effective delivery system for the ICU. The Sedaconda Anaesthetic Conserving Device-S (Sedaconda ACD-S) has enabled the delivery of inhaled volatile anaesthetics for sedation with standard ICU ventilators, but it has not yet been rigorously evaluated in the USA. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of inhaled isoflurane delivered via the Sedaconda ACD-S compared with intravenous propofol for sedation of mechanically ventilated ICU adults in USA hospitals.Methods and analysisINhaled Sedation versus Propofol in REspiratory failure in the ICU (INSPiRE-ICU1) is a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label, assessor-blinded trial that aims to enrol 235 critically ill adults in 14 hospitals across the USA. Eligible patients are randomised in a 1.5:1 ratio for a treatment duration of up to 48 (±6) hours or extubation, whichever occurs first, with primary follow-up period of 30 days and additional follow-up to 6 months. Primary outcome is percentage of time at target sedation range. Key secondary outcomes include use of opioids during treatment, spontaneous breathing efforts during treatment, wake-up time at end of treatment and cognitive recovery after treatment.Ethics and disseminationTrial protocol has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and central (Advarra SSU00208265) or local institutional review boards ((IRB), Cleveland Clinic IRB FWA 00005367, Tufts HS IRB 20221969, Houston Methodist IRB PRO00035247, Mayo Clinic IRB Mod22-001084-08, University of Chicago IRB21-1917-AM011 and Intermountain IRB 033175). Results will be presented at scientific conferences, submitted for publication, and provided to the FDA.Trial registration numberNCT05312385.