bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breeding and wintering bird distributions in Britain and Ireland from citizen science bird atlases
Authors: Gillings Simon , Balmer Dawn E. , Caffrey Brian J. , Downie Iain S. , Gibbons David W. , Lack Peter C. , Reid James B. , Sharrock J. Tim R. , Swann Robert L. , Fuller Robert J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMotivationWe undertook large citizen science surveys of bird distributions (atlases) in Britain and Ireland, aimed at quantifying breeding bird distributions on a 20‐year cycle and wintering bird distributions on a c. 30‐year cycle. We use these to generate spatially referenced information on apparent changes in bird distributions over c. 40 years.Main type of variable containedDetection of breeding and wintering bird species in grid squares during five periods, and changes in detection between periods. The combined distribution dataset contains 1,410,938 records detailing detections of 465 bird species in 3,880 grid cells in different periods. The combined distribution change dataset contains 1,297,791 records describing stability, apparent colonization or apparent extinction of individual species in grid squares between pairs of atlases spanning up to c. 40 years.Spatial location and grainGrid squares (10 km × 10 km) containing land throughout Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The majority of data are at 10‐km resolution, but data for rare species are summarized at 20‐ or 50‐km resolution to protect sensitive locations.Time periodThe data represent summarized detection information derived from fieldwork during five periods: the breeding seasons 1968–1972, 1988–1991 and 2008–2011, and the winters 1981/1982–1983/1984 and 2007/2008–2010/2011.Major taxa studied and level of measurementBirds; their distribution derived from citizen science surveys.Software formatData are supplied as comma‐separated text files.
Analysis of DrkA kinase’s role in STATa activation
Authors: Saga Yukika , Iwade Yumi , Araki Tsuyoshi , Ishikawa Megumi , Kawata Takefumi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDictyostelium STATa is a homologue of metazoan signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) and is important for morphogenesis. STATa is activated by phosphorylation on Tyr702 when cells are exposed to extracellular cAMP. Although two tyrosine kinase‐like (TKL) proteins, Pyk2 and Pyk3, have been definitively identified as STATc kinases, no kinase is known for STATa activation. Based on homology to the previously identified tyrosine‐selective TKLs, we identified DrkA, a member of the TKL family and the Dictyostelium receptor‐like kinase (DRK) subfamily, as a candidate STATa kinase. The drkA gene is almost exclusively expressed in prestalk A (pstA) cells, where STATa is activated. Transient over‐expression of DrkA increased STATa phosphorylation, although over‐expression of the protein causes a severe growth defect and cell death. Furthermore, recombinant DrkA protein is auto‐phosphorylated on tyrosine and threonine residues, and an in vitro kinase assay shows that DrkA can phosphorylate STATa on Tyr702 in a STATa‐SH2 (phosphotyrosine binding) domain‐dependent manner. These observations strongly suggest that DrkA is one of the key regulators of STATa tyrosine phosphorylation and is consistent with it being the kinase that directly activates STATa.
A Particle Tracking Algorithm for Arbitrary Unstructured Grids
Authors: Craig J.R. , Ramadhan M. , Muffels C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA new semi‐analytical algorithm for generating the local groundwater velocity field within irregular three‐dimensional grid cells (such as a Voronoi cell) is presented. The method supports particle tracking in the MODFLOW‐USG software package for a variety of supported unstructured grid formats. It is shown to replicate the results from the fully analytical Pollock's method when used on a rectilinear grid, and is demonstrated for difficult test cases where there is high spatial variability in the flow field within individual cells. The method is now available as an option in the mod‐PATH3DU software package and may be used with most MODFLOW‐USG packages without additional intervention.
Assessment of the Olfactory Function in Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Using the Sniffin’ Sticks Test: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Samancı Bedia , Samancı Yavuz , Şen Cömert , Şahin Erdi , Sezgin Mine , Kocasoy Orhan Elif , Orhan Kadir Serkan , Baykan Betül 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveDespite the lack of recognition in clinical practice, there is increasing evidence that patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension may suffer from hyposmia. The current case‐control study aims to evaluate olfactory dysfunction in a large series of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.MethodsAll subjects, 44 idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients and 57 healthy controls, underwent olfactory function assessment using standardized “Sniffin’ Sticks” test at a tertiary referral center of a university hospital. Threshold, discrimination, identification, and total threshold‐discrimination‐identification scores have been determined and analyzed statistically.ResultsIdiopathic intracranial hypertension patients had significantly lower threshold (6.5 [3.69] vs 8 [1.88], P < .001, 95% CI [−2.250, −0.750]) and threshold‐discrimination‐identification scores (29.75 [5.56] vs 32.5 [5.25], P = .003, 95% CI [−4.250, −0.750]). Twenty‐five patients (57%) were diagnosed with hyposmia. Test scores of patients with active idiopathic intracranial hypertension (n = 18) were not statistically different from patients with inactive disease (n = 26), except for discrimination score (14 [2.50] vs 11 [2.25], P = .005, 95% CI [−3.000, −1.000]). Although idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients with a cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure of ≥330 mmH2O had lower test scores, the difference was significant only for total threshold‐discrimination‐identification scores (28.5 [5.50] vs 30.5 [4.38], P = .044, 95% CI [0.750, 5.500]). Multiple regression analysis revealed that test scores were related to disease activity, cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure, papilledema, headache, and medication.ConclusionOur clinical study revealed significant olfactory dysfunction in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension compared with healthy controls. Future research should employ larger samples to search for usability of olfactory testing in clinical management of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Deposition of plant lipids after single application of a lip care product determined by confocal raman spectroscopy, corneometry and transepidermal water‐loss
Authors: Bielfeldt S. , Blaak J. , Laing S. , Schleißinger M. , Theiss C. , Wilhelm K‐P , Staib P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveLip treatment products often incorporate oils and waxes in their formulations, and a desired outcome of their use is to prevent lip dryness and roughness as well as help to repair this condition. The objective of this study was to combine confocal Raman spectroscopy with skin capacitance (corneometry) and transepidermal water loss (closed chamber Aquaflux system) measurements, in the evaluation of the degree of moisturization and lip skin penetration of a fruit wax (Rhus verniculapeel cera) and natural oil‐based (Cocos nuciferafruit oil andOlea europeaoil) lip care product, following a single application.MethodsThe study was conducted on a total of 15 healthy female volunteers. Instrumental measurements were performed before and 30 min, 2 h and 6 h after a single application of the product.ResultsLip skin barrier function as well as lip hydration were significantly improved and penetration of olive oil was maintained for at least 6 h post product application. The deposition of the three component lipids (berry fruit wax, coconut oil and olive oil) into thestratum corneumafter a single application of the lip care product was maintained and data significant for 2–6 h post product application. Lipid deposition was regarded as a positive long‐lasting skin care (depot‐) effect combined with a profound hydrating effect for about 6 h.ConclusionThe tri‐method approach taken in this study is deemed relevant and valid for measuring lip hydration offering a complimentary assessment of the barrier function of lip skin and interactive effects of cosmetic ingredients.
Resilience on the Run: an evaluation of a well‐being programme for medical interns
Authors: Forbes Malcolm , Byrom Lisa , van der Steenstraten Ira , Markwell Alex , Bretherton Holly , Kay Margaret 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundJunior doctors experience high rates of psychological distress and burnout. System‐level interventions are one strategy to reduce psychological distress in junior doctors. Unfortunately, few of these interventions have been evaluated.AimTo evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of a resilience and well‐being programme designed for junior doctors.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 24 medical interns at a teaching hospital in regional Queensland with a control group of 29 medical interns at a second teaching hospital in regional Queensland. Survey instruments to assess psychological distress, the ProQOL and K10, were completed at baseline, at the completion of the well‐being programme, and 3 months after the completion of the well‐being programme at both sites.ResultsThe intervention site had an older cohort and fewer participants had a regular general practitioner compared to the control site. Both groups had moderate levels of psychological distress. Insufficient numbers of participants completing the instruments at the two sites meant that it was not possible to demonstrate differences between the groups; however, the trends were promising. Qualitative evaluation data supported these trends, indicating that the Resilience on the Run programme was positively received and provided useful skills to junior doctors.ConclusionWell‐being programmes benefit medical interns; introducing new knowledge and skills for effectively identifying and managing personal and workplace stressors that can contribute to psychological distress.
(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3‐based lead‐free co‐fired multilayer actuators with large strain and high fatigue resistance
Authors: Zhang Haibo , Ma Weigang , Xie Bing , Zhang Ling , Dong Shuxiang , Fan Pengyuan , Wang Ke , Koruza Jurij , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLarge‐strain multilayer actuators (MLAs) were fabricated by tape‐casting 0.91(Na1/2 Bi1/2)TiO3–0.06BaTiO3–0.03AgNbO3 (NBT‐BT–3AN) lead‐free incipient piezoceramics co‐fired with Pt inner electrodes. Microstructures, dielectric properties, unipolar and bipolar strain, as well as fatigue properties of the MLAs were investigated. It was found that the actuator consisting of 15 ceramic layers with individual thicknesses of 114 μm could output a large unipolar strain of 0.3% and a dynamic displacement of 5 μm at 6 kV/mm at room temperature. It exhibited excellent cycling stability and provided a high strain of 0.23% after 107 cycles at 6 kV/mm. Moreover, these MLAs still can deliver a strain of 0.20% at 125°C.
Salt‐induced effects on microvascular function: A critical factor in hypertension mediated organ damage
Authors: Marketou Maria E. , Maragkoudakis Spyros , Anastasiou Ioannis , Nakou Helen , Plataki Marina , Vardas Panos E. , Parthenakis Fragiskos I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSalt has been linked very closely to the occurrence and complications of arterial hypertension. A large percentage of patients with essential hypertension are salt‐sensitive; that is, their blood pressure increases with increased salt intake and decreases with its reduction. For this reason, emphasis is placed on reducing salt intake to better regulate blood pressure. In day‐to‐day clinical practice this is viewed as mandatory for hypertensive patients who are judged to be salt‐sensitive. Previous studies have highlighted the negative effect of high‐salt diets on macrovascular function, which also affects blood pressure levels by increasing peripheral resistances. More recent studies provide a better overview of the pathophysiology of microvascular disorders and show that they are largely due to the overconsumption of salt. Microvascular lesions, which have a major impact on the functioning of vital organs, are often not well recognized in clinical practice and are not paid sufficient attention. In general, the damage caused by hypertension to the microvascular network is likely to be overlooked, while reversion of the damage is only rarely considered as a therapeutic target by the treating physician. The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact and the harmful consequences of increased salt consumption in the microvascular network, their significance and pathophysiology, and at the same time to place some emphasis on their treatment and reversion, mainly through diet.
Machine‐learning based radiogenomics analysis of MRI features and metagenes in glioblastoma multiforme patients with different survival time
Authors: Liao Xin , Cai Bo , Tian Bin , Luo Yilin , Song Wen , Li Yinglong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine multi‐dimensional MRI features’ predictability on survival outcome and associations with differentially expressed Genes (RNA Sequencing) in groups of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients.MethodsRadiomics features were extracted from segmented lesions of T2‐FLAIR MRI data of 137 GBM patients. Radiomics features include intensity, shape and textural features in seven classes were included in the analysis. Patients were divided into two groups depending on their survival time (shorter or longer than 1‐year survival). Four different machine learning algorithms were implemented to construct the prediction models. Features with top importance (importance >0.04) were selected to construct the prediction model using the model with the best performance. The interactions between image features and genomics were then analysed with Pearson's correlation analysis.ResultsThe GBDT model with 72 features with highest importance had the highest accuracy of 0.81 on both short and long survival time classes, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operative characteristic (ROC) of the short and long survival time class were 0.79 and 0.81. Six metagenes showed significant interactive effect (P < 0.05), and Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that three of these metagenes (TIMP1, ROS1 EREG) showed moderate (0.3 < |r| < 0.5) or high correlation (|r| > 0.5) with image features.ConclusionRadiogenomics analysis shows that MRI features are predictive of survival outcomes, and image features are highly associated with selective metagenes. Radiogenomics analysis is a useful method for optimizing clinical diagnosis and selecting effective treatments.
Atopic eczema: burden of disease and individual suffering – results from a large EU study in adults
Authors: Ring J. , Zink A. , Arents B.W.M. , Seitz I.A. , Mensing U. , Schielein M.C. , Wettemann N. , de Carlo G. , Fink‐Wagner A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtopic eczema (AE, atopic dermatitis) is one of the most common non‐communicable inflammatory skin diseases affecting 1–5% of the adult population in Europe with marked impairment in quality of life. In spite of great progress in understanding the pathophysiology of disturbed skin barrier and immune deviation, AE still represents a problem in daily clinical practice. Furthermore, the true impact of AE on individual suffering is often not recognized.ObjectivesWith a large European study, we wanted to provide insights into the actual suffering and individual burden of disease in adult patients with AE.MethodsA total of 1189 adult patients (18–87 years, 56% female) with moderate to severe AE were recruited in nine European countries by dermatologists or allergists together with the help of patient organizations. A computer‐assisted telephone interview was performed by experienced interviewers between October 2017 and March 2018. The following instruments were used to assess severity or measure quality of life: Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS‐D) and a newly developed Atopic Eczema Score of Emotional Consequences (AESEC). Patients were also asked to self‐assess the severity of their disease.ResultsDespite current treatment, 45% of participants still had actual moderate to very severe AE in POEM. Due to their skin disease, 57% missed at least 1 day of work in the preceding year. DLQI showed moderate to extremely large impairment in 55%. According to HADS‐D, 10% scored on or above the threshold of eight points with signs of depressive symptoms. Assessed with AESEC, 57% were emotionally burdened with feelings such as ‘trying to hide the eczema’, ‘feeling guilty about eczema’, having ‘problems with intimacy’ and more. Of persons actually suffering from severe AE, 88% stated that their AE at least partly compromised their ability to face life.ConclusionsThis real‐life study shows that adults with a moderate to severe form of AE are suffering more than what would be deemed acceptable. There is a need for increased awareness of this problem among healthcare professionals, policymakers and the general public to support research in the development of new and more effective treatments and provide access to better and affordable health care for affected patients.
DNA barcoding uncovers extensive cryptic diversity in the African long‐fin tetra Bryconalestes longipinnis (Alestidae: Characiformes)
Authors: Arroyave Jairo , Martinez Christopher M. , Stiassny Melanie L. J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo investigate the presence of cryptic diversity in the African longfin‐tetra Bryconalestes longipinnis, we employed DNA barcoding in a phylogeographic context, as well as geometric morphometrics, documenting for the first time genetic and body shape variation in the species. Analysis of cytochrome oxidase I gene (coI) sequence variation exposed extremely high levels of genetic differentiation among samples from across the geographic range of the species (up to 18%), certainly much greater than the traditionally employed c. 3% sequence divergence heuristic threshold for conspecifics. Phylogeographic analyses of coI data revealed eight clusters/clades that diverge by >4% and up to 18% (p‐distance), potentially representing cryptic members of a species complex. A clear biogeographic pattern was also uncovered, in which the two main coI lineages corresponded geographically with the upper Guinea (UG) and lower Guinea (LG) ichthyofaunal provinces of continental Africa, respectively. Within each of these main lineages, however, no apparent phylogeographic structuring was found. Despite strong genetic differentiation, there is considerable overlap in body shape variation between UG and LG populations. For the most part, morphological variation does not match the strength of the molecular phylogeographic signal. Therefore, the ability to reliably utilise external body shape for regional delimitation remains elusive. Further anatomical investigation appears necessary to establish whether compelling diagnostic morphological features do exist between the divergent lineages of the B. longipinnis complex uncovered in this study.
Taking Care of the Dyad: Frequency of Caregiver Assessment Among Veterans with Dementia
Authors: Davis Michelle L. , Hendrickson Jeanie , Wilson Nancy , Shrestha Srijana , Amspoker Amber B. , Kunik Mark 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVESThis study assessed frequency of caregiver identification and needs of a sample of persons with dementia (PWDs) and their caregivers to determine whether needs were addressed and whether documentation increased with growing levels of self‐reported relationship problems and burden.DESIGNCross‐sectional design using data from electronic medical record (EMR) review and baseline research assessments (Burden Interview and Mutuality Scale). Items from a caregiver assessment tool were used to identify documentation of important factors in clinical guidelines.SETTINGMichael E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX.PARTICIPANTSA total of 211 PWDs from a randomized controlled trial testing a psychosocial intervention for preventing aggression in PWDs.MEASUREMENTSEMRs for 12 months before participation in the original study were abstracted, using a tool created by the authors to assess documentation of information deemed important to caregiver assessment in clinical guidelines (eg, caregiver needs, caregiver well‐being, and caregiving context). The first two authors reviewed the EMRs, adjusting the tool, based on questions that arose.RESULTSOf 211 EMRs of PWDs reviewed, 177 (89%) identified caregivers. Of these, 88% identified the caregiver by name or relation to the PWD, 28% assessed caregiver well‐being, and 41% assessed caregiver needs. All EMRs assessing caregiver needs showed provision of caregiver support (including psychoeducation, skills training, or referrals for additional aid). Levels of self‐reported caregiver burden were not associated with documentation of assessment; however, higher levels of self‐reported relationship problems were positively associated with increased caregiver contact documentation and negatively associated with caregiver need documentation and Alzheimer Association referrals.CONCLUSIONHealthcare providers identified caregivers in most of the sample, but less than 50% assessed their well‐being and needs. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1604–1609, 2019
The Brassicaceae‐specific secreted peptides, STMPs, function in plant growth and pathogen defense
Authors: Yu Zipeng , Xu Yang , Zhu Lifei , Zhang Lei , Liu Lin , Zhang Di , Li Dandan , Wu Changai , Huang Jinguang , Yang Guodong , Yan Kang , Zhang Shizhong , Zheng Chengchao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLow molecular weight secreted peptides have recently been shown to affect multiple aspects of plant growth, development, and defense responses. Here, we performed stepwise BLAST filtering to identify unannotated peptides from the Arabidopsis thaliana protein database and uncovered a novel secreted peptide family, secreted transmembrane peptides (STMPs). These low molecular weight peptides, which consist of an N‐terminal signal peptide and a transmembrane domain, were primarily localized to extracellular compartments but were also detected in the endomembrane system of the secretory pathway, including the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identified 10 STMP family members that are specific to the Brassicaceae family. Brassicaceae plants showed dramatically inhibited root growth upon exposure to chemically synthesized STMP1 and STMP2. Arabidopsis overexpressing STMP1, 2, 4, 6, or 10 exhibited severely arrested growth, suggesting that STMPs are involved in regulating plant growth and development. In addition, in vitro bioassays demonstrated that STMP1, STMP2, and STMP10 have antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, Ralstonia solanacearum, Bacillus subtilis, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, demonstrating that STMPs are antimicrobial peptides. These findings suggest that STMP family members play important roles in various developmental events and pathogen defense responses in Brassicaceae plants.