bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbon-rich Essential Oil from Teucrium viscidum Blume and its Antimicrobial and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities
Authors: Khoa Vu V. , Dai Do N. , Huong Le T. , Thinh Bui B. 
Published: November 2024

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of Teucrium viscidum Blume, a perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family, collected in Vietnam. The focus was on determining the essential oil's chemical composition and evaluating its antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal activities. Methods The essential oil of T. viscidum was analyzed using GC–FID/MS to identify its chemical constituents. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against seven microorganisms using the broth microdilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. The larvicidal activity was evaluated against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae, with lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) values calculated after 24 and 48 h of exposure. Results Chemical analysis revealed that the essential oil of T. viscidum was predominantly composed of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, with ( E)-caryophyllene (47.91%) and germacrene D (19.17%) as the major constituents. The essential oil exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against three Gram-positive bacteria ( Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus), one Gram-negative bacterium ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and one yeast ( Candida albicans), with MIC values ranging from 32 to 64 μg/mL and IC50 values ranging from 9.56 to 24.07 μg/mL. The mosquito larvicidal activity of the essential oil showed strong efficacy against C. quinquefasciatus larvae, with LC50 values of 23.07 μg/mL after 24 h and 19.67 μg/mL after 48 h, and LC90 values of 32.90 μg/mL at 24 h and 29.99 μg/mL at 48 h, indicating increased effectiveness with prolonged exposure. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition and biological activities of T. viscidum essential oil. The findings highlight its potent antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal properties, suggesting it as a promising natural alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents and insecticides. Further research is warranted to explore its mechanisms of action and potential applications in pharmaceuticals and pest control.
Monitoring Patient Adherence and Follow-up in Option B+ Program: Understanding Healthcare Workers’ Practices, Challenges, and Facilitators in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Kumwenda Wiza , Bengtson Angela M. , Wallie Shaphil , Bula Agatha K. , Villiera Jimmy Ba , Ngoma Edith , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Mwapasa Victor 
Published: November 2024

Background Option B+ aims to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV by providing lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) to pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV (PBWHIV). Identifying and reengaging PBWHIV who disengage or fail to initiate ART is essential for the success of Option B+. However, the process is often suboptimal, leading to challenges such as misclassification of patients as lost to follow-up. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are pivotal for monitoring engagement, but little is known about their monitoring practices. This study aimed to explore how HCWs monitor women's engagement in Option B+ services. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in five high-volume health facilities in Lilongwe, Malawi. Thirty HCWs responsible for monitoring women in Option B+ were purposively selected as key informants. Semistructured interviews were conducted between March and June 2021. Thematic analysis employing deductive and inductive coding methods was utilized. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to map gaps, strategies, barriers, and facilitators of monitoring. Results Monitoring was described as tracking a PBWHIV from HIV diagnosis to initiation of ART to subsequent ART visits for up to 2 years postpartum. The gaps included timing variations in tracing. No procedures to follow up formal transfer-outs or management of silent transfers during emergency ART refills were identified. Strategies identified included interfacility collaboration, record review, tracing, escorting women during initial visits, and self-reports. Technological innovations, such as WhatsApp groups, were highlighted as game changers in interfacility collaboration when tracking women's movements. Barriers included resource constraints (human and operational), poor work attitudes, and challenges faced by women (partner support, stigma, and HCW rapport). The facilitators included implementing partner support, leadership, and strategies such as education and tracing. Conclusion Addressing resource constraints, women's relationship dynamics for self-management, HCWs’ attitudes, and standardizing tracing protocols are crucial for effective monitoring. Leveraging instant messaging for clinic coordination may enhance tracing. Further research and interventions should target identified gaps to promote effective monitoring in similar settings.
Effect of Acetabular Labral Tear Orientation on Hip Joint Kinematics: A Comparison of Radial Tears, Chondrolabral Junction Tears and Complex Tears in Cadaveric Hips
Authors: Fithian Andrew T. , Storaci Hunter W. , Chan Calvin K. , Finlay Andrea K. , Safran Marc R. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Acetabular labral tear morphology or orientation may influence hip stability. Hypothesis: A radial tear of the acetabular labrum would result in greater rotational and translational motion compared with a chondrolabral separation. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Included were 12 unpaired nonarthritic hip specimens, none of which had capsular laxity (8 male; mean age, 34.5 years). The specimens were stripped of all soft tissue except the hip capsule and labrum and, then potted using a custom jig. In 6 specimens, a 1-cm anterosuperior separation of the labrum from the acetabular rim (chondrolabral junction tear; CLJT) was created. In the other 6 specimens, a radial tear was created at the anterosuperior acetabulum. Subsequently, a complex labral tear was created in all specimens by adding a radial tear to the CLJT specimens and vice versa. The specimens were mounted on a load frame, and the femoral head displacement in the neutral and hyperextended positions was recorded at 5 N·m of internal/external rotation (IR/ER) torque and at 50 N of superior-inferior (S-I), anterior-posterior (A-P), and medial-lateral (M-L) force. Testing occurred at 0° extension and at maximal extension both before and after initial labral tear creation and again after creation of the complex labral tear. Before testing (intact state), the joint was vented to remove the effect of intra-articular pressure difference between the intact capsule and after capsulotomy for labral tear creation. The t test was used to calculate group differences by each range of motion measure (IR/ER and S-I, A-P, and M-L translations) for neutral and hyperextension. Results: Neither the radial labral injury nor the CLJT produced differences from the vented state in any combination of hip position or plane of motion. The complex labral tear showed increased IR/ER rotation at maximal hip extension. There was no difference between CLJT and radial labral tear in any combination of hip position or plane of motion. Conclusion: A simple labral tear did not affect hip joint stability when the capsule was intact, and no capsular laxity was present. A complex labral tear caused increased rotational laxity at maximal extension. Capsular laxity or a complex labral tear may be a prerequisite for labral injury to cause increased hip joint motion and/or translation. Clinical Relevance: Study findings suggest that labral tears in the absence of capsular laxity may not play a role in producing microinstability by increasing motion or translation.
Suboptimal Oral Health, Multimorbidity, and Access to Dental Care
Authors: Limo L. , Nicholson K. , Stranges S. , Gomaa N. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Emerging studies on the links between suboptimal oral health and multimorbidity (MM), or the co-existence of multiple chronic conditions, have raised controversy as to whether enhancing access to dental care may mitigate MM in those with suboptimal oral health. In this study, we aim to assess the extent of the association between suboptimal oral health and MM and whether access to dental care can modify this association. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) (N = 44,815, 45 to 84 y old). Edentulism, self-reported oral health (SROH), and other oral health problems (e.g., toothache, bleeding gums) were used as indicators of suboptimal oral health. MM was defined according to the Public Health Agency of Canada as having 2 or more of the following chronic conditions: cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and mental illnesses. For robustness, we also used a cutoff of having 3 or more of these chronic conditions. Variables for access to dental care included (1) dental visits within the past year, (2) availability of dental insurance, and (3) cost barriers to dental care. We constructed robust Poisson regression models to estimate the association between suboptimal oral health and MM and then assessed the effect measure modification by indicators of access to dental care on a multiplicative scale. We also calculated the relative excess risk due to interaction for prevalence ratio (PR) on an additive scale. Results: Indicators of suboptimal oral health were significantly associated with MM (edentulism PR 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08, 1.27; poor SROH PR 1.44, 95% CI 1.33, 1.54; other oral health problems PR 1.52, 95% CI 1.44, 1.78). The magnitude of this association was higher in individuals who reported fewer dental visits within the past year, lacked dental insurance, and avoided dental care due to costs. Conclusion: The association between suboptimal oral health and MM may be exacerbated by barriers to accessing dental care. Policies aiming to enhance access to dental care may help mitigate MM in middle-aged and older Canadians with suboptimal oral health. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study offers insights into the connection among suboptimal oral health, multimorbidity, and access to dental care factors in middle-aged and older Canadians. The findings can be of value for clinicians and policy makers aiming to enhance medical-dental integration and improve accessibility to dental care and to patients seeking information about the connections between oral health and chronic conditions. Implementation has the potential to enhance individual well-being and drive systemic improvements in health care.
The magnitude of short interpregnancy intervals and associated factors among women who delivered in North Wollo Zone public hospitals, northeastern Ethiopia, 2023: A facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Arage Mulugeta Wodaje , Shimels Samrawit , Kassaw Abebe Tarekegn , Yilak Gizachew 
Published: November 2024

Background: Maternal and child mortality rates remain a serious public health challenge in Ethiopia. Short interpregnancy intervals are known to negatively impact perinatal and child health; therefore, improving this practice is a key strategy to reduce mortality and adverse outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the extent of short intervals between pregnancies and the factors associated with them among women who gave birth at public hospitals in the North Wollo Zone of northeastern Ethiopia in 2023. Design: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the North Wollo Zone of northeastern Ethiopia in 2023. Methods: This study was conducted on mothers who delivered at public hospitals in the North Wollo Zone of northeastern Ethiopia. The study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique between February 1, 2023, and April 1, 2023. Data were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire using the Kobo Collect tool and analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the relationship between the outcome and predictor variables. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant in the multivariable analysis. Results: The study found that 51.5% of participants had short interpregnancy intervals. Several independent factors were associated with a short birth interval, including the status of the last pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 9.51; 95% CI: 3.932–23.0028), educational status of the woman (AOR: 4.545; 95% CI: 1.208–17.108), and use of modern contraceptives in previous pregnancies (AOR: 6.460, 95% CI: 3.882–23.008). Conclusion: Despite the efforts made through public health interventions in Ethiopia, the prevalence of short interpregnancy intervals in this study was high. Therefore, increasing the utilization of modern contraceptives and promoting health education at both health facilities and community levels could contribute to addressing this issue.
Medication-Taking Trajectory and Its Correlates in Patients With Diabetes: Based on the Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills Model
Authors: Seo Shinae , Kim Chun-Ja , Kang Hee Sun , Kim Dae Jung , Schlenk Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose The purpose was to identify trajectories of medication taking among patients with diabetes and investigate correlates of these trajectories using the information–motivation–behavioral skills (IMB) model. Methods This study employed a descriptive correlational, longitudinal design using convenience sampling. The participants were 96 adults with diabetes from an outpatient diabetes clinic at a university-affiliated hospital. Medication taking was assessed at 3 time points: baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. At baseline, study variables based on the IMB model were measured: medication knowledge (information), motivational readiness and social support (motivation), and medication self-efficacy (behavioral skills). Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify medication-taking trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with medication-taking trajectories. Results Three distinct medication-taking trajectory groups were identified: “high medication taking,” “increasing medication taking,” and “low medication taking.” Higher medication knowledge was associated with the high and increasing medication-taking trajectory groups. Motivational readiness was associated with the high and increasing medication-taking groups. In contrast, higher medication self-efficacy was associated only with the high medication-taking group, not with the increasing and low medication-taking groups. Conclusions The findings suggest that knowledge, motivational readiness, and self-efficacy are essential in IMB model-based intervention strategies across dynamic medication-taking patterns to enhance medication taking. Health care providers can help patients with diabetes improve medication taking by understanding their medication-taking trajectories and their correlates. Strategies that enhance medication self-efficacy are essential for patients in the increasing and low medication-taking groups.
Endophthalmitis patients in Makassar City: molecular identification of pathogenic fungal profile
Authors: Guslianto Willy Wirawan , Pertiwi Yunialthy Dwia , Hatta Mochammad , Tenriesa Lisa , Nislawati Ririn , Syamsuri Fadhilah , Massi Muhammad Nasrum , Hamid Firdaus 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Endophthalmitis is a severe inflammation of the internal ocular structures, usually caused by bacterial or fungal infections, and can lead to rapid, irreversible blindness. Fungal endophthalmitis (FE), primarily due to Candida albicans and Aspergillus, is less common than bacterial endophthalmitis but has shown an increase in prevalence over the past two decades. Diagnosing FE is challenging and often delayed due to the time-consuming nature of traditional culture methods. The timely initiation of targeted antifungal therapy based on the specific fungal pathogen identified by molecular method can improve patient outcomes and reduce the risk of vision loss. This study aims to determine the presence of pathogenic fungal infections in patients with endophthalmitis using molecular methods at Hasanuddin University Hospital Makassar.

Methods
This cross-sectional observational study analyzed 83 intraocular fluid samples from patients with endophthalmitis at Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. Samples were examined using microscopy, culture, and molecular methods, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing.

Results
The study population comprised 49 males (59%) and 34 females (41%), with an average age of 45.85 years. The distribution of affected eyes was nearly equal, with 50.6% involving the right eye and 49.4% involving the left eye. Exogenous transmission, primarily related to external risk factors such as ocular trauma or surgical procedures, was identified as the most common mode of fungal transmission in this population (97.6%). No fungal elements were detected through microscopy or culture; however, PCR could identify 5 positive samples (6%); 3 were males and 2 were females; all have exogenous transmission, predominantly showing Candida species. Sequencing revealed Candida parapsilosis, Lodderomyces beijingensis, and Trichophyton rubrum among the findings.

Conclusion
Cases of fungal endophthalmitis are rare but increasing, posing diagnostic challenges. Our study concludes that PCR is more effective than traditional culture methods in identifying fungal pathogens, with a predominance of Candida species identified in endophthalmitis. Molecular techniques like PCR offer rapid and accurate diagnosis, improving patient treatment outcomes by enabling earlier initiation of targeted antifungal therapy.
Trends in medications for autoimmune disorders during pregnancy and factors for their discontinuation: a population-based study
Authors: Mainbourg Sabine , Sheehy Odile , Gorgui Jessica , Vinet Evelyne , Bérard Anick 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The medications used for autoimmune diseases have significantly evolved in recent years, but there is limited knowledge about how treatment practices changed during pregnancy. This study aimed to describe the temporal trends of immunosuppressants, immunomodulators and biologics use during pregnancy among women with autoimmune diseases, compare their use before, during, and after pregnancy, and identify factors predicting the discontinuation of these medications during pregnancy.

Methods
Using data from the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort (1998–2015), which included women under the RAMQ prescription drug plan for at least 12 months before and after pregnancy, the analysis focused on those with at least one International Classification of Diseases Ninth or Tenth Revision code in the year before pregnancy for inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthropathies, connective tissue diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, or vasculitis. Exposure to immunosuppressants, immunomodulators and biologics were evaluated before and during the pregnancy. Discontinuation during pregnancy was defined as having no prescriptions filled during pregnancy or overlapping with the first day of gestation (1DG), given that at least one prescription was filled in the year prior to pregnancy. Generalized estimating equations were applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for predicting medication discontinuation during pregnancy.

Results
Among 441,570 pregnant women, 3,285 had autoimmune diseases. From 1998 to 2014, the use of immunomodulators increased from 3.7% to 11.9%, immunosuppressants from 4.1% to 13.7%, and biologics from 0% to 15.6%. During pregnancy, compared to before, there was a significant decrease in exposure to immunomodulators (8.6% to 5.4%), immunosuppressants (14.2% to 8.7%), and biologics (5.1% to 4.7%). Factors influencing discontinuation varied by medication type; for immunosuppressants, prior biologics use (aOR = 2.12, 95%CI 1.16–3.85) and the year of pregnancy (aOR = 0.93, 95%CI 0.89–0.98) were key factors, while for biologics, it was only the year of pregnancy (aOR = 0.68, 95%CI 0.54–0.86).

Conclusions
The use of immunomodulators, immunosuppressants, and biologics has increased over time. However, exposure during pregnancy decreased, with recent years showing a lower rate of discontinuation. Understanding the factors influencing medication discontinuation during pregnancy can improve management strategies for women with autoimmune diseases.
Survey in ruminants from Rwanda revealed high diversity and prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales
Authors: Irimaso Emmanuel , Keinprecht Helga , Szostak Michael P. , Rosel Adriana Cabal , Stessl Beatrix , Desvars-Larrive Amelie , Ntakirutimana Christophe , Fischer Otto W. , Wittek Thomas , Müller Elke , Feßler Andrea T. , Braun Sascha D. , Schwarz Stefan , Monecke Stefan , Ehricht Ralf , Spergser Joachim , Ruppitsch Werner , Loncaric Igor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterobacterales constitutes a significant threat to the health of both humans and animals and a socioeconomic problem. Enterobacterales, mainly Escherichia coli, carrying β-lactamases has become one of the main indicators to estimate the burden of AMR in animals within “One Health” approach.

Objectives
To assess the presence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales associated with ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats) habituated in all five provinces of Rwanda and to perform in depth characterization of isolates.

Methods
We screened 454 rectal swabs from 203 cows, 170 goats, and 81 sheep and selective isolation of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales was conducted. Isolates were identified as a members of the order Enterobacterales by MALDI-TOF MS and further characterized by susceptibility testing and by whole-genome sequencing.

Results
Out of the 454 samples, 64 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales were isolated from 58 animals. Isolates belonged to seven bacterial species and were identified as Escherichia coli (n = 54), Enterobacter bugandensis (n = 4), Enterobacter mori (n = 2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2), Enterobacter dykesii (n = 1), and Citrobacter freundii (n = 1). All isolates displayed an Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) phenotype, with exception of Citrobacter freundii isolate displayed both an ESBL and AmpC phenotype. In addition, all Enterobacter isolates were identified as stably de-repressed AmpC-producers. ESBLs genes, blaCTX−M−15 was predominant. Resistance to tetracycline and tet(A) was most frequently observed among non-β-lactam resistance. Forty-eight isolates displayed multidrug-resistance phenotypes. A shiga toxin-producing E. coli and an enterotoxigenic E. coli isolate were observed. Genome comparisons revealed thirty-five E. coli sequence types (ST) (ST10, ST307 being predominate).

Conclusions
Considering the high proximity between ruminants and humans in Rwanda, the dissemination of antimicrobial drug resistance highlights the public health threats and requires the joint and multisectoral action of human and veterinary medicine, at human-animal-environment interfaces. Therefore, it is important to establish national and global “One Health” surveillance programs of AMR to tackle the antibiotic-resistant crisis in human and veterinary medicine.