bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The atypical MAPK ERK3 potently suppresses melanoma cell growth and invasiveness
Authors: Chen Minyi , Myers Amanda K. , Markey Michael P. , Long Weiwen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMitogen‐activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK6) represents an atypical MAPK also known as extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 3 (ERK3), which has been shown to play roles in cell motility and metastasis. ERK3 promotes migration and invasion of lung cancer cells and head and neck cancer cells by regulating the expression and/or activity of proteins involved in cancer progression. For instance, ERK3 upregulates matrix metallopeptidases and thereby promotes cancer cell invasiveness, and it phosphorylates tyrosyl‐DNA phosphodiesterase 2, thereby enhancing chemoresistance in lung cancer. Here we discovered that ERK3 plays a converse role in melanoma. We observed that BRAF, an oncogenic Ser/Thr kinase, upregulates ERK3 expression levels by increasing both ERK3 messenger RNA levels and protein stability. Interestingly, although BRAF's kinase activity was required for upregulating ERK3 gene transcription, BRAF stabilized ERK3 protein in a kinase‐independent fashion. We further demonstrate that ERK3 inhibits the migration, proliferation and colony formation of melanoma cells. In line with this, high level of ERK3 predicted increased survival among patients with melanomas. Taken together, these results indicate that ERK3 acts as a potent suppressor of melanoma cell growth and invasiveness.
Pharmacoinformatics and molecular docking reveal potential drug candidates against Schizophrenia to target TAAR6
Authors: Tahir Rana Adnan , Wu Hao , Javed Naima , Khalique Anila , Khan Seemab Amjad Fateh , Mir Asif , Ahmed Muhammad Saad , Barreto George E. , Qing Hong , Ashraf Ghulam Md , Sehgal Sheikh Arslan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSchizophrenia (SZ) is a complex disabling disorder that leads to the mental disability and afflicts 1% of the world's total population and placed in top ten medical disorders. In current work, bioinformatics analyses were carried out on Trace amine (TA)‐associated receptor 6 (TAAR6) to recognize the potential drugs and compounds against SZ. Comparative modeling and threading‐based approaches were utilized for the structure prediction of TAAR6. Fifty‐nine predicted structures were evaluated by various model assessment techniques and final model having only eight amino acids in the outlier region and 98.5% overall quality factor was chosen for further pharmacoinformatics and molecular docking analyses. From an extensive literature review, 11 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs were analyzed by computational techniques and Aripiprazole was found as the most effective drug against SZ by targeting TAAR6. Here, we report five novel molecules which exhibited the highest binding affinity, effective drug properties, and interestingly, observed better results than the approved selected drugs against SZ by targeting TAAR6. The docking analyses revealed that Arg‐92, Trp‐98, Gln‐191, Thr‐192, Ala‐290, Cys‐291, Tyr‐293, and Glu‐294 residues were observed as critical interacting residues in receptor‐ligand interactions. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties, Lipinski rule of five, highest binding affinity coupled with virtual screening (VS), and pharmacophore modeling approach illustrated that aripiprazole (−8.6 kcal/mol) and TAAR6_0094 (−9.3 kcal/mol) are potential inhibitors for targeting TAAR6. It is suggested that schizophrenic patients have to use Aripiprazole for the medication of SZ by targeting TAAR6 and develop effective therapies by utilizing scrutinized novel compound.
Comprehensive insights into the inorganic coagulants on sludge dewatering: comparing aluminium and iron salts
Authors: Liang Jialin , Zhang Siwei , Huang Jinjia , Huang Shaosong , Zheng Li , Sun Shuiyu , Zhong Zhenyi , Zhang Xinghong , Yu Xiaoyu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDExtracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play an important role in sludge dewatering. Inorganic coagulants treatment has been widely used to remove the EPS and improve sludge dewaterability. This research evaluates whether there are advantages of selecting one of two chemical coagulation pretreatments, conventional aluminium or iron salts, over the other to enhance sludge dewaterability. The study traced variations in EPS characteristics to understand the mechanisms of sludge dewaterability.RESULTSThe results showed that iron coagulants improved dewatering more than aluminium coagulants, by approximately 28.66%. The improved sludge dewaterability was further confirmed in pilot‐scale experiments. Compared with aluminium salts conditioning, iron salts were better able to neutralize stronger charge, formed smaller and more compact flocs, and had a stronger acidification effect. Sludge dewaterability was significantly related to EPS concentrations (i.e. the protein and polysaccharides), EPS composition (i.e. tyrosine/tryptophan amino acid, tyrosine/tryptophan protein, and polysaccharide), and functional groups (i.e. random coil, β‐sheet, and Npr) in the loosely bound EPS (LB‐EPS). A two‐step mechanism was proposed for the iron conditioning process. Moreover, the economic analysis shows iron treatment was more economical than that of aluminium.CONCLUSIONIron salts conditioning removed more LB‐EPS than aluminium salts, thus more significantly improving sludge dewaterability. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Role of flow cytometry for the improvement of bioprocessing of oleaginous microorganisms
Authors: Sonowal Shashanka , Chikkaputtaiah Channakeshavaiah , Velmurugan Natarajan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOleaginous microorganisms, such as yeast, fungi, microalgae and bacteria, represent a key segment of second generation feed‐stock materials and are considered to synthesize a wide range of industrially important chemical compounds. Oleaginous microorganisms possess a broad varieties of chemical compounds such as carotenoids, pigments, carbohydrates, chlorophyll, and storage‐material lipids. Oleaginous microorganisms have been recognized as promising sources for the synthesis of unsaturated, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). So far, a variety of high‐throughput screening methodologies (HTMs) have been employed for the development of bioprocessing of oleaginous microorganisms for sustainable production of industrially valuable compounds. Of HTMs, flow cytometry (FC) and sorters (FACS) have received substantial interest as better HTMs because of their ability to screen large numbers of cells within seconds, and interrogate and isolate living cells at single‐cell level. Forward and side scattering signals of FC are used to determine the physiological state of the cell while different channels available in the FC facilitate the detection of signals produced from fluorophores. Simultaneous measurement of physiological characteristics along with specific compound accumulation at single‐cell level enables the possibility of separating a particular phenotype with specific properties from a population. Different microbial strain development strategies in combination with FACS produced improved phenotypes with desired properties. This review first summarizes the FACS methodologies suitable for oleaginous microorganisms and the significant progress that has been achieved in oleaginous microorganisms using FACS, and highlights the important, advanced and future prospects of FACS methodologies that are suitable for the development of bioprocessing in oleaginous microorganisms. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Clique‐cutsets beyond chordal graphs
Authors: Boncompagni Valerio , Penev Irena , Vušković Kristina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTruemper configurations (thetas, pyramids, prisms, and wheels) have played an important role in the study of complex hereditary graph classes (eg, the class of perfect graphs and the class of even‐hole‐free graphs), appearing both as excluded configurations, and as configurations around which graphs can be decomposed. In this paper, we study the structure of graphs that contain (as induced subgraphs) no Truemper configurations other than (possibly) universal wheels and twin wheels. We also study several subclasses of this class. We use our structural results to analyze the complexity of the recognition, maximum weight clique, maximum weight stable set, and optimal vertex coloring problems for these classes. Furthermore, we obtain polynomial ‐bounding functions for these classes.
Bolus vs Continuous Nasogastric Feeds in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Brown Ann‐Marie , Fisher Elaine , Forbes Michael L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition increases the risk of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Barriers to adequate delivery of enteral nutrition (EN) include hemodynamic instability, feeding interruptions and intolerance, and lack of standardized feeding protocols. The most recent guidelines on nutrition support for the critically ill child describe a paucity of evidence around the best method to deliver EN. There is an untested clinical assumption that bolus gastric feeding (B‐GF) in intubated patients is associated with aspiration events, lung injury, and associated morbidity compared with continuous gastric feeding (C‐GF). This study compared the effectiveness and safety of C‐GF vs B‐GF in intubated pediatric patients.MethodsWe enrolled randomized patients aged 1 month–12 years who were intubated within 24 hours and received EN starting within 48 hours of admission to a C‐GF or B‐GF group. Goal‐directed EN volume and caloric density were increased every 3 and 12 hours, respectively, to target. Feeding interruptions and intolerance events were recorded.ResultsTwenty‐five subjects were enrolled (B‐GF = 11; C‐GF = 14). At 24 hours, B‐GF was associated with higher energy and protein delivery (P < 0.007) and was associated with faster time to goal volume (median B‐GF = 15 hours; C‐GF = 29.5 hours). No aspiration events resulting in additional lung injury were noted for either group (P = 0.866).ConclusionsB‐GF was associated with superior delivery of EN with a comparable safety profile to C‐GF. Further study is needed to compare both EN methods in other PICU populations.
Vitamin and bioactive compound diversity of seven fruit species from south Brazil
Authors: Schmidt Helena de Oliveira , Rockett Fernanda C , Pagno Carlos H , Possa Jucelaine , Assis Renato Q , de Oliveira Viviani R , da Silva Vanuska L , Flôres Simone H , Rios Alessandro de Oliveira 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe consumption of native tropical fruits represents an important source of bioactive food and vitamins for consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of vitamins, bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of seven native fruits of the Myrtaceae family from south Brazil.RESULTSSample 1 ofEugenia pyriformispresented the highest value of β‐carotene (0.1021 g kg−1), lutein (0.0511 g kg−1), zeaxanthin (0.0370 g kg−1), and α‐carotene (0.0112 g kg−1), of all analyzed samples. The three samples ofEugenia unifloraL presented the highest lycopene (0.1876, 0.1240 and 0.1615 g kg−1) and vitamin A content (0.106, 0.035 and 0.178 g kg−1RAE) of all seven species analyzed. The cyanidin 3‐glucoside was the most common anthocyanin found in fruits in the present study. Two samples ofPlinia peruvianapresented higher antioxidant capacity by the ABTS radical method (0.80 and 0.67 mol TEs kg−1) among the fruits analyzed. The samples ofCampomanesia xanthocarpaanalyzed stood out owing to the high content of vitamin C present (23.89, 36.83 and 35.05 g kg−1). The values of pantothenic acid inPlinia peruvianaaccount for 20% of daily requirements.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, the native fruits studied can provide an appreciable amount of vitamins and bioactive compounds. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
How should we turn data into decisions in AgriFood?
Authors: Serazetdinova Liliya , Garratt James , Baylis Alan , Stergiadis Sokratis , Collison Martin , Davis Simon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe AgriFood supply chain is under significant pressures related to food security, climate change, and consumer demands for affordable and higher quality food. Various technologies are already deployed producing a large amount of data, which can be utilised to guide decision‐making to improve productivity, reduce wastage, and increase traceability across the AgriFood supply chain.RESULTSSeveral examples of the use of data are given, including improving efficiency in livestock production, supporting automation and use of robotics in crop production, increasing food safety and evidencing its provenance. The opportunities and ways forward were discussed at a workshop in November 2017, run by the Society of Chemical Industry and the Knowledge Transfer Network in the United Kingdom.CONCLUSIONThis article presents a summary of the key messages from the presentations and focus‐group discussions during this event, as interpreted by the authors. A number of challenges in digitalisation of the AgriFood supply chain are discussed, such as low inter‐operability of different data sets, silo mentality, low willingness to share data and a significant skills gap. Various approaches are presented that could help to unlock the benefits of using data, from practical support to producers and addressing skills gaps, to industrial leadership and the role of government departments and regulatory bodies in leading by example. Looking forward, data are already revolutionising the AgriFood supply chain, however, the benefits will remain piecemeal until the leaders of today are able to bring together the disparate groups into a cohesive whole. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Sterol‐based oleogels' characterization envisioning food applications
Authors: Martins Artur J , Cerqueira Miguel A , Pastrana Lorenzo M , Cunha Rosiane L , Vicente António A 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytosterols, in particular a mixture of pure γ‐oryzanol and β‐sitosterol, develop a tubular system that is able to structure oil. In this study, different concentrations of a combination of γ‐oryzanol and a commercial phytosterol mixture, Vitaesterol®, were used for the development of edible oil oleogels.RESULTSSmall‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize at nano and molecular scale the aforementioned oleogels and confirm the formation of sterols‐based hollow tubule structures. Increased hardness was observed with the increase of gelator content used in oleogel manufacturing. The produced oleogels showed promising features such as tailored mechanical strength and low opacity, which are important features when considering their incorporation into food products.CONCLUSIONDespite differences in gel strength, oleogels exhibited textural characteristics that make these structures suitable for incorporation in food products. The oil migration profile associated with these oleogels can provide a solution for the controlled release of lipophilic compounds as well as for the retention of oil in cooked food products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrasound Characteristics of the Hair Follicles and Tracts, Sebaceous Glands, Montgomery Glands, Apocrine Glands, and Arrector Pili Muscles
Authors: Wortsman Ximena , Carreño Laura , Ferreira‐Wortsman Camila , Poniachik Rafael , Pizarro Kharla , Morales Claudia , Calderon Perla , Castro Ariel 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo explore the capability of very high‐frequency ultrasound (US; 50–71 MHz) to detect the normal morphologic characteristics of the hair follicles and tracts, sebaceous glands, Montgomery glands, apocrine glands, and arrector pili muscles.MethodsA retrospective study, approved by the Institutional Review Board, evaluated the normal US morphologic characteristics of the hair and adnexal structures in a database of very high‐frequency US images extracted from the perilesional or contralateral healthy skin of 1117 consecutive patients who underwent US examinations for localized lesions of the skin and 10 healthy individuals from December 2017 to June 2018. These images were matched with their counterparts from the database of normal histologic images according to the corporal region. The Cohen concordance test and regional mean diameters of the hair follicles and adnexal structures were analyzed.ResultsThe normal hair follicles and tracts, sebaceous glands, Montgomery glands, apocrine glands, and arrector pili muscles were observed on US images and matched their histological counterparts in all the corporal regions. There was significant US concordance (κ = 0.82; P = .0001) among observers. Regional mean diameters (millimeters) of the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and apocrine glands are provided.ConclusionsThe hair follicles and tracts, sebaceous glands, Montgomery glands, apocrine glands, and arrector pili muscles are detectable with very high‐frequency US, including some regional and anatomic variants. Knowledge of their normal US appearances is a requisite for detecting subclinical changes, understanding the physiopathologic characteristics, and supporting the early diagnosis and management of common dermatologic diseases.
Body Mass Index and Segmental Mass Correlation With Elastographic Strain Ratios of the Quadriceps Tendon
Authors: Al‐Qahtani Mahdi , Al‐Tayyar Saleh , Mirza Eraj Humayun , Al‐Musallam Abdulrhman , Al‐Suwayyid Ahmed , Javed Ravish 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to establish a relationship between quadriceps tendon stiffness and its properties and variations in the body mass index (BMI) and segmental mass.MethodsThis study was conducted in 3 groups according to their BMI (A, low [<18.5 kg/m2]; B, normal [18.5–25.0 kg/m2]; and C, high [>25.0 kg/m2]). All of the participants included had a sedentary lifestyle and did not do any weightlifting or any kind of sports activity in the previous 6 months. Ultrasound measurements were performed on the participants’ lower right extremities, since it was the dominant side for all of the participants.ResultsA total of 40 healthy untrained men participated in the study. The mean age of the participants ± SD was 22.1 ± 1.3 years; the age ranges for groups A (n = 6), B (n = 18), and C (n = 16) were 19–23, 19–25, and 20–25 years, respectively; 28 of the participants were nonsmokers, and 12 of were smokers. A strong statistical difference (all P < .05) was witnessed for most of the parameters (BMI, body fat mass, dominant leg body fat content, fat‐free mass index, tendon thickness, and strain ratio) among the groups.ConclusionsThe length of the tendon did not show a significant increase with an increase in the BMI, body fat mass, dominant leg body fat content, and fat‐free mass index. However, a greater intensification was observed for the thickness of the tendon with a significant increase in tendon stiffness (with the use of external reference material).
Incidental mastoid effusion diagnosed on imaging: Are we doing right by our patients?
Authors: Sayal Navdeep R. , Boyd Sara , Zach White G. , Farrugia Matthew 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate whether radiologist‐produced imaging reports containing the terms mastoiditis or mastoid opacification clinically correlate with physical examination findings of mastoiditis. Additionally, to investigate whether and how often otolaryngology was unnecessarily consulted and inappropriate antibiotic therapy was initiated.Study DesignRetrospective chart review within a large community hospital setting.MethodsA retrospective review of 160 patients who had imaging tests performed for nonotolaryngology indications from January 2011 to March 2017 at our facility. Indications, patient demographics, otolaryngology consultations, and new antibiotics started were recorded. Physical examinations were documented.ResultsPhysical examination revealed that only 14 of 160 patients (8.8%) had clinical evidence of otologic disease. However, of the 160 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 18 (11.3%) received an otolaryngology consultation, and 18 (11.3%) had antibiotics started. Eleven of the 18 patients in each group (61.1%) had a normal physical examination, two (11.1%) had serous otitis media, one (5.6%) had chronic otitis media, and four (22.2%) had acute otitis media. No patients were found to have clinical mastoiditis. χ2 analysis revealed no significance in the radiologic diagnosis of mastoiditis versus mastoid opacification in relation to physicians requesting otolaryngology consultations (P = .241) or starting patients on antibiotics (P = .951).ConclusionsThis study highlights the prevalence of incidental but clinically insignificant opacification of the mastoid cavity. We believe that nonotolaryngology physicians are, overall, competent to correlate such radiologic findings clinically and to prevent unnecessary consultations and inappropriate treatment, which add significant costs to our overstretched healthcare system.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:852–857, 2019
Predictors of intratonsillar versus peritonsillar abscess: A case‐control series
Authors: Ali S. Ahmed , Kovatch Kevin J. , Smith Josh , Bellile Emily L. , Hanks John E. , Truesdale Carl M. , Hoff Paul T. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisAn uncommon phenomenon in relation to the peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is the intratonsillar abscess (ITA) or formation of an abscess within tonsillar parenchyma. This study sought to characterize our experience with diagnosis and management of ITAs in the context of the PTA patient population.Study DesignCase‐control series.MethodsThis is a single‐institution retrospective review of patients treated at the University of Michigan between 2000 and 2017.ResultsSix hundred fifty‐five adult patients were identified. The incidence of ITA within the PTA population was 7% (n = 43). Patients with ITA had lower mean white blood cell count (P = .03), lower proportion of trismus (P < .0001), otalgia (P = .007), vocal changes (P < .0001), and fewer incidences of acute progression of symptoms (P = .0007). On multivariable analysis, ITA patients were noted to be older, present with a longer duration of symptoms, and have greater incidence of neck pain and lymphadenopathy. Drainage was attempted in fewer ITA patients and was rarely successful (15%) in comparison to successful drainage for PTA patients (69%) (P < .0001).ConclusionsSymptomatology differs for ITA, as fewer present with the classic PTA symptoms of otalgia, trismus, and voice alterations. The lack of classic symptoms likely leads to delayed presentation. A greater number of ITA patients presented with neck pain and lymphadenopathy. In the ITA population, aspiration attempts were more infrequent and less successful in yielding purulence. Given infrequent yield of pus and low overall recurrence rate, the diagnosing clinician should consider medical management in this distinct patient population.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:1354–1359, 2019