bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the lumbar spine movements of surgeons during surgical lists in a teaching hospital
Authors: Wartski Michelle , Williams Cylie M. , Broughton Nigel S. , Bowles Kelly‐Ann 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is a common occupational musculoskeletal complaint among health professionals. No research has quantified lumbar movement patterns in the surgical workplace, identifying ‘at risk’ behaviours with objective measures. This project aimed to identify lumbar movement patterns and change in LBP of surgeons and surgical trainees during a surgical list.MethodsSurgeons or surgical trainees were recruited in a tertiary metropolitan hospital. Low back movements were quantified in real time via a monitoring system. This measured three‐dimensional movement, velocity, acceleration and orientation to gravity during a typical theatre session. Pre‐ and post‐surgery LBP, or low back injury measures of functional disability were quantified using the Oswestry disability index. Mean (standard deviation) and median (interquartile range) low back movement patterns were described. A Wilcoxon signed‐rank test determined differences in LBP recorded from beginning to end of recording periods.ResultsParticipants (n = 28) recorded data for a mean (standard deviation) of 6.1 (2.2) h. On average, 27.7 lumbar flexion events were recorded per monitoring session, with flexion movements held for >30 s an average of 5.6 times. Many of the flexion events were considered low range (between 20° and 40°) with an average of 19.1 events per session. Orthopaedic trainees recorded the highest average of lumbar and sustained lumbar flexions per hour (4.13 times). LBP significantly increased over the work day (z = −2.53, P = 0.012).ConclusionThis study provides a base for the understanding of low back movement patterns during surgery. This data may be useful in helping surgeons to identify their ‘high risk’ movements and prevent low back symptoms.
Resistance mechanism of the oncogenic β3‐αC deletion mutation in BRAF kinase to dabrafenib and vemurafenib revealed by molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations
Authors: Niu Yuzhen , Zhang Yan , Yao Xiaojun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBRAF kinase is an essential target for anti‐cancer drug development. Emergence of the β3‐αC loop deletion mutation (ΔNVTAP) in BRAF kinase frequently occurred in human cancers seriously compromises the therapeutic efficacy of some BRAF kinase inhibitors, such as dabrafenib and vemurafenib. However, the mechanism of this resistance is still not well understood. In this study, the influence of the β3‐αC deletion mutation on the binding profiles of three BRAF kinase inhibitors (AZ628, dabrafenib, and vemurafenib) with BRAFV600E or BRAFΔNVTAP was explored by conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding free energy calculations. The simulation results indicated that the β3‐αC deletion mutation enhances the flexibility of the αC helix and alters their conformations, which amplify the conformational entropy change (−TΔS) and weaken the interactions between the inhibitors and BRAF. The further per‐residue binding free energy decomposition analysis revealed that the ΔNVTAP mutation changed the contributions of a few key residues to the bindings of dabrafenib or vemurafenib, such as L57, L66, W83, C84, F135, G145, and F147, but did not have obvious impact on the contributions of these residues to AZ628. Our results provide valuable clues to understand the mechanisms of drug resistance conferred by the β3‐αC deletion mutation.
Transitional status and modifiable risk of frailty in Japanese older adults: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Doi Takehiko , Makizako Hyuma , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Nakakubo Sho , Kim Min‐Ji , Kurita Satoshi , Hotta Ryo , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2018

AimThe purpose of the present study was to identify risk factors for physical frailty and to understand the transitional status of frailty.MethodsThe participants were 4676 older adults in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology ‐ Study of Geriatric Syndromes. Physical frailty status was classified as robust, pre‐frail and frail at baseline and 4‐year follow up (mean follow up 47.9 ± 1.8 months). Data for demographic variables, medical conditions, fall, depressive symptoms and cognitive function were also collected. Multiple imputation was used to reduce selection bias and loss of information.ResultsProgression occurred from a robust to frail status in 52 participants (2.6%) and from pre‐frailty to frailty in 281 participants (12.0%). Mortality increased with frailty status at baseline: robust 46 (2.3%), pre‐frail 112 (4.8%) and frail 54 (15.6%). In logistic regression analysis, age (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.13), sex (men; OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.95), body mass index (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.12]), fall (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.31–2.81), Geriatric Depression Scale (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08–1.22), Mini‐Mental State Examination (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82–0.93) and education (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.98), were related with new incident frailty. Among participants in the pre‐frail class at baseline, exhaustion (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.97–5.34), physical inactivity (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.94–4.93), lower muscle strength (OR 3.77, 95% CI 2.35–6.03) and lower mobility (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.57–4.10) were related to progression to frailty (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of the present prospective study provide key information on the transitional status of frailty and the risk factors for progression to frailty. A further study is required to determine the pathophysiological changes that underlie the transition to frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1562–1566.
‘Ripple’ effect on infant zBMI trajectory of an internet‐based weight loss program for low‐income postpartum women
Authors: Phelan S. , Hagobian T. A. , Ventura A. , Brannen A. , Erickson‐Hatley K. , Schaffner A. , Muñoz‐Christian K. , Mercado A. , Tate D. F. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundWeight loss interventions can have positive ‘ripple’ effects on untreated partners in the home, but ripple effects on infants are unknown.ObjectiveTo examine whether a 12‐month internet‐based weight loss intervention for postpartum mothers had a positive ripple effect on participants' infants.MethodsA 12‐month cluster randomized, assessor‐blind, clinical trial enrolling 371 postpartum women at 12 Women, Infants, Children clinics in CA. Clinics were randomized to standard Women, Infants, Children or an internet‐based weight loss intervention for mothers.ResultsA total of 333 of the 371 (89.8%) mothers assented for infant participation. Infants were 5.3 ± 3.2 months; 75.9% were Hispanic and 64% were breastfeeding. Infant retention was 272/333 (82.7%) at 6 months post enrollment and 251/333 (75.3%) at 12 months post enrollment. In intent‐to‐treat analysis, a significant interaction between group and time was observed (p = 0.008) with the offspring of intervention mothers exhibiting lower zBMI change from study entry through 6 months (0.23 [CI, 0.03, 0.44] vs. 0.65 [0.50, 0.79] zBMI change, respectively;p = 0.001) but was not significant through 12 months (p = 0.16). Regardless of group, maternal reports at the final assessment indicated that infants (aged =17.2 ± 3.4 months) consumed sweetened beverages (0.93 ± 1.5/week), juice (2.0 ± 1.4/day), ‘junk food’ (7.8 ± 5.4/week) and fast food (2/month), and 46.7% of the infants had a TV in their bedroom.ConclusionsAn internet‐based weight loss program for low‐income, postpartum mothers had a positive ‘ripple’ effect on the zBMI of infants in the home during the first 6 months of treatment.
Species divergence and maintenance of species cohesion of three closely related Primula species in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Ren Guangpeng , Mateo Rubén G. , Guisan Antoine , Conti Elena , Salamin Nicolas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimUnderstanding the relative roles of geography and ecology in driving speciation, population divergence and maintenance of species cohesion is of great interest to molecular ecology. Closely related species that are parapatrically distributed in mountainous areas provide an ideal model to evaluate these key issues, especially when genomic data are analyzed within a spatially and ecologically explicit context. Here, we used three closely related species of Primula that occur in the Himalayas, the Hengduan Mountains and north‐east Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) to examine spatial and ecological effects on interspecific divergence and maintenance of species cohesion.LocationHimalayas, the Hengduan Mountains and north‐east QTP.MethodsWe used genomic data for 770 samples of the three species using double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing and combined approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) modeling, generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM) and niche‐based species distribution modeling (SDM).ResultsThe three species are clearly delimited by the RADseq data. Further ABC modeling indicates that Primula tibetica diverged first followed by a later divergence between Primula nutans and Primula fasciculata. The time frames of the divergences among the three species coincide with the uplifts of the Hengduan Mountains and the northern QTP during the late Miocene and Pliocene followed by a long period of founder events. SDMs indicate that the three species might have survived in different refugia during glaciations and came into secondary contact during the postglacial expansions but with no significant introgression. Finally, GLMM suggests that both the geographical and ecological factors play roles in population differentiation in P. fasciculata and P. tibetica, while for P. nutans, geography is the major driver of genomic variation. The different roles played by geographical and ecological factors in the three species may have affected the maintenance of species cohesion.Main conclusionOur results provide insights of unprecedented details into the start and maintenance of interspecific divergence in the context of changing environments in mountains. Our findings highlight the significance of combining population genomics with environmental data when evaluating the effects of geography and ecology on interspecific divergence and maintenance of closely related species.
The instructor's gaze guidance in video lectures improves learning
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Pi Zhongling , Hu Weiping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInstructor behaviour is known to affect learning performance, but it is unclear which specific instructor behaviours can optimize learning. We used eye‐tracking technology and questionnaires to test whether the instructor's gaze guidance affected learners' visual attention, social presence, and learning performance, using four video lectures: declarative knowledge with and without the instructor's gaze guidance and procedural knowledge with and without the instructor's gaze guidance. The results showed that the instructor's gaze guidance not only guided learners to allocate more visual attention to corresponding learning content but also increased learners' sense of social presence and learning. Furthermore, the link between the instructor's gaze guidance and better learning was especially strong for participants with a high sense of social connection with the instructor when they learned procedural knowledge. The findings lead to a strong recommendation for educational practitioners: Instructors should provide gaze guidance in video lectures for better learning performance.
On‐line discrimination of storage shelf‐life and prediction of post‐harvest quality for strawberry fruit by visible and near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Shen Fei , Zhang Bin , Cao Chongjiang , Jiang Xuesong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractQuick assessment of storage time is important for the guarantee of fruit shelf‐life. On‐line discrimination of refrigerated storage time and prediction of post‐harvest quality for strawberry fruit was carried out by visible and near‐infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy. For the classification of samples with storage time of 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) achieved correct classified rates of 93.3–97.4% in prediction based on selected wavelengths obtained by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) at speeds of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 m/s. Moreover, for prediction of soluble solids content (SSC) in strawberry, the determination coefficient (rp2), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), and RPD value obtained by PLS coped with CARS at fruit moving speed of 0.10 m/s was 0.733, 0.699 °Brix and 1.96, respectively. Overall, this study indicates that Vis–NIR spectroscopy offers the potential as an on‐line tool for quality assurance of strawberry fruit.Practical applicationsVisible and near‐infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy is a very attractive technique for nondestructive evaluation of quality of food products. Strawberry has an extremely short shelf‐life which is estimated to be less than 5 days. Rapid identification its postharvest storage time is essential for the evaluation of its shelf‐life. Based on the results reported here, Vis–NIR has the potential for on‐line monitoring of postharvest storage time and post‐harvest quality for strawberry fruit in real situation.
A systematic review of cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Dagnan D. , Jackson I. , Eastlake L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety disorders have high prevalence in people with intellectual disabilities. In populations without intellectual disabilities, cognitive behavioural therapy is a first line psychological therapy for these presentations. There is no existing review of the range of methods and outcomes from intervention studies in this area.MethodA systematic review was carried out following guidance in the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions.ResultsNineteen studies were identified. The majority of reports were descriptive case studies; the most frequently described presentations were non‐specific anxiety disorders and post‐traumatic stress disorder; the most frequently described cognitive techniques were psycho‐education and interventions directly aimed at thoughts and beliefs and most studies reported positive outcomes, although the better controlled studies tended to report less comprehensive impacts.ConclusionsA range of presentations have been described although the area is still at a primarily descriptive stage. We discuss intervention structures and approaches that require further research.
Procedural management of rhinophyma: A comprehensive review
Authors: Krausz Aimee E. , Goldberg David J. , Ciocon David H. , Tinklepaugh Adam J. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundRhinophyma is a cosmetically deforming disease characterized by nodular overgrowth of the lower 2/3 of the nose and is considered the end stage of acne rosacea.AimsReview the spectrum of procedural techniques for treatment of rhinophyma with a focus on the advantages and disadvantages of each modality.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using the search terms “rhinophyma,” “treatment,” and “surgery” in PubMed. Case reports, case series, and small retrospective trials using procedural techniques for management of rhinophyma were included for review. Animal studies, non‐English articles, and reports of medical treatment of rhinophyma were excluded.ResultsThere are currently no prospective, randomized controlled studies evaluating procedural management of rhinophyma. The most commonly employed treatments include scalpel excision, resection with heated knives, dermabrasion, electrosurgery and lasers, specifically carbon dioxide (CO2) and erbium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG). The main complication associated with complete excision of rhinophymatous tissue is excessive scarring. To correct for this adverse effect, partial or tangential excision with preservation of underlying adnexal structures is now the accepted technique, irrespective of the chosen modality.ConclusionThere is no accepted gold standard for management of rhinophyma, and each modality succeeds in maintaining hemostasis, reducing scarring and achieving satisfactory cosmesis to different degrees. There is a conflicting data on the theoretical risk of recurrence with partial excision due to incomplete removal of tissue. Further studies evaluating this risk and alternate methods of prevention are required.
Effects of radiofrequency on adipose tissue: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Vale Ana Luísa , Pereira Ana Sofia , Morais Andreia , Noites Andreia , Mendonça Adriana Clemente , Martins Pinto Juliana , Vilarinho Rui , Carvalho Paulo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundEquipment that acts in the reduction in adipose tissue are becoming widely investigated. One of the resources that begin to gain recognition is radiofrequency.PurposeTo verify the existence of scientific evidence and the methodological quality of the articles on the effects of radiofrequency in the reduction in adipose tissue.MethodologySystematic review with meta‐analysis on the effects of radiofrequency on adipose tissue. The research was carried out using several databases and including experimental studies only in humans. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the articles was done based on the PEDro Scale.ResultsTwelve articles related with adipose tissue and cellulitis were included. There was a great variability of protocols, and the methodological quality was generally low and the methods most used for the evaluation of results were anthropometry, photography, and histopathology. Clinical results suggest a positive effect of radiofrequency on the reduction in adipose tissue, proving an increase in adipocyte lipolysis. After statistical analysis, it was verified that the anthropometry presented questionable results.ConclusionThe clinical results of the studies point to the positive effects of radiofrequency on the reduction in adipose tissue; however, the low methodological make this topic still debatable, requiring more controlled studies.
Biological films adhering to the oral soft tissues: Structure, composition, and potential impact on taste perception
Authors: Neyraud Eric , Morzel Martine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe role of free‐flowing saliva in taste perception is increasingly recognized, but saliva is also present in the mouth as films intimately associated to soft or hard tissues. On mucosal surfaces, particularly on the tongue, the structure and composition of such films (including its microbial constitutive part) may play a particular role in the sense of taste due to their proximity with the taste anatomical structures. This review compiles the current knowledge on the structure of biological films adhering to oral mucosae and on their biochemical and microbiological composition, before presenting possible implications for taste perception.Practical applicationsThe understanding of the role of oral biological films on taste perception may provide new avenues of research and development for the industry or academia interested broadly in chemosensation.
From Amazonia to southern Africa: atmospheric moisture transport through low‐level jets and atmospheric rivers
Authors: Ramos Alexandre M. , Blamey Ross C. , Algarra Iago , Nieto Raquel , Gimeno Luis , Tomé Ricardo , Reason Chris J.C. , Trigo Ricardo M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA Lagrangian analysis is applied to identify the main moisture source areas associated with atmospheric rivers (ARs) making landfall along the west coast of South Africa during the extended austral winter months from 1980 to 2014. The results show that areas that provide the anomalous uptake of moisture can be categorized into four regions: (1) the South Atlantic Ocean between 10°S and 30°S, (2) a clear local maximum in the eastern South Atlantic, (3) a continental source of anomalous uptake to the north of the Western Cape, and (4) over South America at a distance of more than 7000 km from the target region. It emerges that the South American moisture source can be linked to a particular phase of the South American low‐level jet, known as a no Chaco jet event (NCJE), which transports moisture to the western and central South Atlantic basin. Concisely, we provide strong evidence that the two margins of the South Atlantic Ocean appear connected by two meteorological structures, with the NCJE playing a key role of transporting moisture from South America to the western and central South Atlantic basin, feeding the AR that transports some of the moisture to the west coast of South Africa.
Street Authorities: Community Policing in Mozambique and Swaziland
Authors: Kyed Helene Maria 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article explores the politics produced by civilian community policing groups in the urban margins of Mozambique and Swaziland. By taking over those streets that no one else could control, young unemployed men established themselves as alternative police forces and vectors of power in the neighborhoods. This made them politically significant to local leaders, politicians, and state police officers who both saw them as competitors and enrolled them in their own political agendas. By expanding upon the concept of “street politics,” I argue that the community policing groups developed into what I conceptualize as “street authorities.” Street authority involves a style of politics that relies on the capacity for swift, direct actions, often through violent means, to order the streets, but it is also characterized by momentariness that prevents the formation of stable organizations. Such politics emerge in urban contexts where poor urban citizens mistrust the state and where there is a preference for immediate outcomes because livelihood uncertainties are high, security is low, and it is difficult to express grievances through official political channels.
The quality of platelet concentrates related to corrected count increment: linking in vitro to in vivo
Authors: Saris Anno , Kreuger Aukje L. , ten Brinke Anja , Kerkhoffs Jean Louis H. , Middelburg Rutger A. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , van der Meer Pieter F. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDStorage of platelet concentrates (PCs) results in reduced recovery and survival of transfused platelets (PLTs). Upon storage PLTs develop storage lesion that can be monitored by several laboratory tests. However, correlation of these descriptive tests with corrected count increments (CCIs), a marker frequently used to establish the effectiveness of PLT transfusions, is limited or unknown. This study investigated to what extent a functional test or a combined in vitro rating score improves the correlation of laboratory tests with 1‐hour CCI.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPCs were analyzed using six different laboratory tests (n = 123) before transfusion in a prophylactic setting to 74 hematooncologic patients. Linear regression and Spearman correlation were used to determine associations between descriptive (either separately or combined in an in vitro rating score) or functional test results and 1‐hour CCIs obtained after transfusion.RESULTSCD62P expression (r = −0.45), annexin V binding (r = −0.36), the updated in vitro rating score (r = 0.50), and PLT responsiveness after thrombin receptor activator for peptide‐6 (TRAP) (r = 0.43‐0.57) or adenosine diphosphate stimulation (r = 0.11‐0.51) significantly correlated to 1‐hour CCIs obtained after transfusion, whereas lactate concentration, ThromboLUX score, and thromboelastography measurements did not. The strongest correlations were observed for in vitro rating score and PLT responsiveness after TRAP stimulation and these tests could explain 24 and 33% of the observed variation in 1‐hour CCI, respectively.CONCLUSIONCombining descriptive markers in one in vitro rating score improved correlation to 1‐hour CCI compared to the tests separately. Of all tests investigated, mean PLT responsiveness after TRAP stimulation showed the strongest clinical correlation and was best able to predict the 1‐hour CCI.