bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of H2S and HCl on solid oxide fuel cells fed with simulated biosyngas containing primary tar
Authors: Cavalli Alessandro , Bernardini Roberta , Del Carlo Tommaso , Aravind Purushothaman Vellayani 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntegrated biomass gasifier solid oxide fuel cell systems are an alternative to fossil‐fuel‐based combined heat and power generators. However, biosyngas contaminants represent a bottleneck for small‐scale systems. In this work, we present the results of experiments on the effects of H2S, HCl, and acetic acid as model primary tar on Ni‐GDC SOFC. First, the effects of 17‐128 g/Nm3 dry basis acetic acid were studied. On a second cell, 0.8 and 1.3 ppm(v) H2S were added to the simulated biosyngas anode flow. After a full recovery, the cell was exposed to 42 g/Nm3 acetic acid and 0.8 ppm(v) H2S. On a third cell, 3.4, 20, and 50 ppm(v) HCl were tested and, after a recovery period, 42 g/Nm3 acetic acid and HCl were added. Even 0.8 ppm(v) H2S caused an immediate voltage drop. H2S affected CH4 reforming and water‐gas shift reaction. Differently, even 50 ppm(v) HCl appeared not to significantly affect these reactions. Acetic acid increased the cell voltage but caused carbon deposition at the cell inlet. The voltage increase seemed not to be affected by H2S or HCl, and no acetic acid was measured at the cell outlet, indicating that these contaminants do not affect the primary tar conversion.
Economic analysis of heating for an enhanced geothermal system based on a simplified model in Yitong Basin, China
Authors: Huang Yibin , Zhang Yanjun , Hu Zhongjun , Lei Honglei , Wang Chen , Ma Jingchen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractYitong Basin is located in subfrigid zone, and it has a good prospect to use geothermal clean heating. The evaluation of economic efficiency for heating with enhanced geothermal system (EGS) is indispensable. A simplified single‐fracture hydrothermal coupling model with laboratory test is developed in the EGS project to calculate temperature and pressure based on Yitong Basin data. The effects of four factors (K, q, D, and T) on heat production and reservoir characteristics are discussed. The parameters and results of H‐T coupling were applied to economic analysis for heating with EGS from private and social perspectives considering costs and revenues. The results indicate that the combination of laboratory tests (rock physical properties) makes the numerical simulation results more suitable for the study area. The production temperature and heating power will decrease with continuous injection of cold water, and the injection pressure and flow impedance will increase due to the increase in μ/ρ. Four factors (K, q, D, and T) will affect difficulty of fluid injection and reservoir thermal breakthrough, and the high injection rate q may trigger secondary fracturing of reservoir. Heating with EGS in single‐fracture model was uneconomical due to expensive drilling costs. However, heating with EGS can be considered from social perspective based on environment, which can provide advice for decision‐making of the government and business.
A hidden crust beneath the central Urumieh‐Dokhtar Magmatic Arc revealed by inherited zircon ages, Tafresh, Iran
Authors: Chaharlang Razieh , Ghorbani Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2019

Laser ablation ICP‐MS U–Pb dating on inherited zircons from Neogene volcanic rocks of the Tafresh area in the central part of Urumieh‐Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) yielded Paleoproterozoic, Late Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian, Carboniferous, and Cretaceous ages. These ages improve our understanding of the geodynamical evolution of central UDMA. The 2,379 Ma age (i.e., Paleoproterozoic) is the oldest age reported in the central UDMA and is similar to the age of detrital zircons from Central Iran. The Paleoproterozoic zircons may come from the African Craton and fed from Central Iran sedimentary sequences. The Late Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian ages (605 ± 11 Ma to 533 ± 9.2 Ma) indicate a basement for the UDMA, which is similar to that of the Sanandaj‐Sirjan Zone, Central Iran, and northwest Iran. The Carboniferous zircon age (328.4 Ma) is interpreted as being derived from the Eurasian arc produced by northward subduction of the Paleo‐Tethys Oceanic Plate. The Late Cretaceous zircon ages (106 to 71.2 Ma) might be regarded as indicating the Late Cretaceous magmatic episode, marking the subduction of oceanic crust that followed the Neo‐Tethys subduction.
Stimulus‐dependent modifications in astrocyte‐derived extracellular vesicle cargo regulate neuronal excitability
Authors: Datta Chaudhuri Amrita , Dasgheyb Raha M. , DeVine Lauren R. , Bi Honghao , Cole Robert N. , Haughey Norman J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExtracellular vesicles have now emerged as key players in cell‐to‐cell communication. This is particularly important in the central nervous system, where glia–neuron cross‐talk helps maintain normal neuronal function. Astrocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) secreted constitutively promote neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival. However, extracellular stimuli can alter the cargo and downstream functions of ADEVs. For example, ADEVs secreted in response to inflammation contain cargo microRNAs and proteins that reduce neurite outgrowth, neuronal firing, and promote neuronal apoptosis. We performed a comprehensive quantitative proteomic analysis to enumerate the proteomic cargo of ADEVs secreted in response to multiple stimuli. Rat primary astrocytes were stimulated with a trophic stimulus (adenosine triphosphate, ATP), an inflammatory stimulus (IL‐1β) or an anti‐inflammatory stimulus (IL10) and extracellular vesicles secreted within a 2 hr time frame were collected using sequential ultracentrifugation method. ADEVs secreted constitutively without exposure to any stimulus were used a control. A tandem mass tag‐based proteomic platform was used to identify and quantify proteins in the ADEVs. Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to predict the downstream signaling events regulated by ADEVs. We found that in response to ATP or IL10, ADEVs contain a set of proteins that are involved in increasing neurite outgrowth, dendritic branching, regulation of synaptic transmission, and promoting neuronal survival. In contrast, ADEVs secreted in response to IL‐1β contain proteins that regulate peripheral immune response and immune cell trafficking to the central nervous system.
Temporal precedence of cognitive function and functional abilities: A latent difference score model of the Chinese community‐dwelling elders
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhu Wei‐Heng , Li You‐Fu , Zhu Wei‐Wen 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesLittle research has explored how cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL) affect each other over time. In addition, no current finding provides a clear hint to the temporal precedence between them. The present study tries to address these limitations of prior studies by utilizing a longitudinal data and advanced statistical modeling.MethodsThis study analyzed the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a prospective observational study performed every 2 years for a total of three waves between 2011 and 2015 using a multistage probability sampling. Cognitive function was measured on the basis of three aspects of cognitive performance. Functional abilities were assessed using six types of activities of ADL and five types of instrumental ADL (IADL). Latent difference score modeling was employed to investigate the temporal precedence between cognitive function and ADL.ResultsThe best fitting model indicates poor cognitive function precede worsening in ADL function, whereas the current findings did not support that poor ADL predate the cognition decline or reciprocal influence hypotheses.ConclusionsThe elderly with poor cognitive function may be more vulnerable to deterioration in ADL. Findings underscore the importance of early screening for cognitive function among the elderly as the key strategy to prevent further ADL impairment and keep independence.
The marginal benefits of healthcare spending in the Netherlands: Estimating cost‐effectiveness thresholds using a translog production function
Authors: Stadhouders Niek , Koolman Xander , van Dijk Christel , Jeurissen Patrick , Adang Eddy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNew technologies may displace existing, higher‐value care under a fixed budget. Countries aim to curtail adoption of low‐value technologies, for example, by installing cost‐effectiveness thresholds. Our objective is to estimate the opportunity cost of hospital care to identify a threshold value for the Netherlands. To this aim, we combine claims data, mortality data and quality of life questionnaires from 2012 to 2014 for 11,000 patient groups to obtain quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) outcomes and spending. Using a fixed effects translog model, we estimate that a 1% increase in hospital spending on average increases QALY outcomes by 0.2%. This implies a threshold of €73,600 per QALY, with 95% confidence intervals ranging from €53,000 to €94,000 per QALY. The results stipulate that new technologies with incremental cost effectiveness ratios exceeding the Dutch upper reference value of €80,000 may indeed displace more valuable care.
The prognostic impact of level I lymph node involvement in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xiao Roy , Ward Matthew C. , Yang Kailin , Adelstein David J. , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Prendes Brandon L. , Burkey Brian B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the impact of level I lymph node involvement (LNI) on survival for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).MethodsWe performed a cohort study of patients with OPSCC who underwent resection with known human papillomavirus (HPV) status in the National Cancer Database (2010‐2014).ResultsAmong 5591 patients with OPSCC, 599 (10.7%) had level I LNI. Predictors of level I LNI included pT classification (pT3 vs pT1; odds ratio [OR], 1.95; P < 0.001), pN classification (pN3 vs pN1; OR, 1.63; P = 0.05), and level III LNI (OR, 6.05; P < 0.001). Among included patients, 4035 had known survival status. Level I LNI predicted inferior overall survival (OS) while adjusting for covariates (HR, 1.64; P < 0.001). Subset analyses revealed association between level I LNI and inferior OS among patients with base of tongue cancer, pT/pN classification greater than 1, and HPV‐negative cancer.ConclusionsLevel I LNI predicts inferior OS, particular among patients with at least pT2 or pN2 OPSCC.
Interplay of Liver–Heart Inflammatory Axis and Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Signaling in an Experimental Model of Hepatic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Matyas Csaba , Erdelyi Katalin , Trojnar Eszter , Zhao Suxian , Varga Zoltan V. , Paloczi Janos , Mukhopadhyay Partha , Nemeth Balazs T. , Haskó György , Cinar Resat , Rodrigues Robim M. , Ait Ahmed Yeni , Gao Bin , Pacher Pal 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims
Hepatic cardiomyopathy, a special type of heart failure, develops in up to 50% of patients with cirrhosis and is a major determinant of survival. However, there is no reliable model of hepatic cardiomyopathy in mice. We aimed to characterize the detailed hemodynamics of mice with bile duct ligation (BDL)–induced liver fibrosis, by monitoring echocardiography and intracardiac pressure–volume relationships and myocardial structural alterations. Treatment of mice with a selective cannabinoid‐2 receptor (CB2‐R) agonist, known to attenuate inflammation and fibrosis, was used to explore the impact of liver inflammation and fibrosis on cardiac function.

Approach and Results
BDL induced massive inflammation (increased leukocyte infiltration, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines), oxidative stress, microvascular dysfunction, and fibrosis in the liver. These pathological changes were accompanied by impaired diastolic, systolic, and macrovascular functions; cardiac inflammation (increased macrophage inflammatory protein 1, interleukin‐1, P‐selectin, cluster of differentiation 45–positive cells); and oxidative stress (increased malondialdehyde, 3‐nitrotyrosine, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases). CB2‐R up‐regulation was observed in both livers and hearts of mice exposed to BDL. CB2‐R activation markedly improved hepatic inflammation, impaired microcirculation, and fibrosis. CB2‐R activation also decreased serum tumor necrosis factor‐alpha levels and improved cardiac dysfunction, myocardial inflammation, and oxidative stress, underlining the importance of inflammatory mediators in the pathology of hepatic cardiomyopathy.

Conclusions
We propose BDL‐induced cardiomyopathy in mice as a model for hepatic/cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. This cardiomyopathy, similar to cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in humans, is characterized by systemic hypotension and impaired macrovascular and microvascular function accompanied by both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Our results indicate that the liver–heart inflammatory axis has a pivotal pathophysiological role in the development of hepatic cardiomyopathy. Thus, controlling liver and/or myocardial inflammation (e.g., with selective CB2‐R agonists) may delay or prevent the development of cardiomyopathy in severe liver disease.
Mesencephalic Astrocyte‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inhibits Liver Cancer Through Small Ubiquitin‐Related Modifier (SUMO)ylation‐Related Suppression of NF‐κB/Snail Signaling Pathway and Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Liu Jun , Wu Zhengsheng , Han Dan , Wei Chuansheng , Liang Yanyan , Jiang Tongcui , Chen Lu , Sha Manqi , Cao Yajie , Huang Fan , Geng Xiaoping , Yu Jishuang , Shen Yujun , Wang Hua , Feng Lijie , Wang Dong , Fang Shengyun , Wang Siying , Shen Yuxian 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with liver inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, how ER stress links inflammation and HCC remains obscure. Mesencephalic astrocyte‐derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an ER stress‐inducible secretion protein that inhibits inflammation by interacting with the key subunit of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) p65. We hypothesized that MANF may play a key role in linking ER stress and inflammation in HCC.

Approach and Results
Here, we found that MANF mRNA and protein levels were lower in HCC tissues versus adjacent noncancer tissues. Patients with high levels of MANF had better relapse‐free survival and overall survival rates than those with low levels. MANF levels were also associated with the status of liver cirrhosis, advanced tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage, and tumor size. In vitro experiments revealed that MANF suppressed the migration and invasion of hepatoma cells. Hepatocyte‐specific deletion of MANF accelerated N‐nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)‐induced HCC by up‐regulating Snail1+2 levels and promoting epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). MANF appeared in the nuclei and was colocalized with p65 in HCC tissues and in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α)‐treated hepatoma cells. The interaction of p65 and MANF was also confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Consistently, knockdown of MANF up‐regulated NF‐κB downstream target genes TNF‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1α expression in vitro and in vivo. Finally, small ubiquitin‐related modifier 1 (SUMO1) promoted MANF nuclear translocation and enhanced the interaction of MANF and p65. Mutation of p65 motifs for SUMOylation abolished the interaction of p65 and MANF.

Conclusions
MANF plays an important role in linking ER stress and liver inflammation by inhibiting the NF‐κB/Snail signal pathway in EMT and HCC progression. Therefore, MANF may be a cancer suppressor and a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
CREBZF as a Key Regulator of STAT3 Pathway in the Control of Liver Regeneration in Mice
Authors: Hu Zhimin , Han Yamei , Liu Yuxiao , Zhao Zehua , Ma Fengguang , Cui Aoyuan , Zhang Feifei , Liu Zhengshuai , Xue Yaqian , Bai Jinyun , Wu Haifu , Bian Hua , Chin Y. Eugene , Yu Ying , Meng Zhuoxian , Wang Hua , Liu Yong , Fan Jiangao , Gao Xin , Chen Yan , Li Yu 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims
STAT3, a member of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family, is strongly associated with liver injury, inflammation, regeneration, and hepatocellular carcinoma development. However, the signals that regulate STAT3 activity are not completely understood.

Approach and Results
Here we characterize CREB/ATF bZIP transcription factor CREBZF as a critical regulator of STAT3 in the hepatocyte to repress liver regeneration. We show that CREBZF deficiency stimulates the expression of the cyclin gene family and enhances liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Flow cytometry analysis reveals that CREBZF regulates cell cycle progression during liver regeneration in a hepatocyte‐autonomous manner. Similar results were observed in another model of liver regeneration induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Mechanistically, CREBZF potently associates with the linker domain of STAT3 and represses its dimerization and transcriptional activity in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, hepatectomy‐induced hyperactivation of cyclin D1 and liver regeneration in CREBZF liver‐specific knockout mice was reversed by selective STAT3 inhibitor cucurbitacin I. In contrast, adeno‐associated virus–mediated overexpression of CREBZF in the liver inhibits the expression of the cyclin gene family and attenuates liver regeneration in CCl4‐treated mice.

Conclusions
These results characterize CREBZF as a coregulator of STAT3 to inhibit regenerative capacity, which may represent an essential cellular signal to maintain liver mass homeostasis. Therapeutic approaches to inhibit CREBZF may benefit the compromised liver during liver transplantation.
Option‐implied risk measures: An empirical examination on the S&P 500 index
Authors: Barone‐Adesi Giovanni , Legnazzi Chiara , Sala Carlo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe forward‐looking nature of option market data allows one to derive economically based and model‐free risk measures. This article proposes an extensive analysis of the performances of option‐implied value at risk and conditional value at risk and compares them with classical risk measures for the S&P 500 index. Delivering good results both at short and long time horizons, the proposed option‐implied risk metrics emerge as a convenient alternative to the existing risk measures.
Exosomal miR‐221 derived from hydroquinone‐transformed malignant human bronchial epithelial cells is involved in cell viability of recipient cells
Authors: Jiang Ran , Huang Haoyu , Lian Zhenwei , Hu Zuqing , Lloyd R. Stephen , Fang Daokui , Li Yanfeng , Xian Hongyi , Yuan Jianhui , Sha Yan , Wang Sanming , Hu Dalin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractmiR‐221, an oncogenic microRNA, can promote cell proliferation and is highly expressed in various types of tumors. However, the role of exosomal miR‐221 in benzene‐caused carcinogenesis remains elusive. Our study was designed to investigate whether exosomes secreted by the hydroquinone (HQ; an active metabolite of benzene)‐transformed malignant cells can transmit miR‐221 to normal recipient cells and its possible effects on cell viability. Our investigation revealed that expression levels of miR‐221 were significantly increased in HQ‐transformed malignant cells relative to normal controls. Furthermore, exposure of control cells to exosomes that were derived from HQ‐transformed malignant cells increased miR‐221 levels and promoted their proliferation. Analyses of the biological potency of exosomes derived from HQ‐transformed malignant cells in which miR‐221 levels were decreased using an inhibitor, showed that both miR‐221 levels and proliferation of recipient cells were decreased, but still were higher than those of normal 16HBE cells. Our study indicates that exosomal miR‐221 derived from HQ‐transformed malignant human bronchial epithelial cells is involved in the proliferation of recipient cells.
Biochar‐mediated oxidation of phenol by persulfate activated with zero‐valent iron
Authors: Nguyen Thi‐Hai Anh , Oh Seok‐Young 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiochar, a by‐product of the pyrolysis of biomass, was used to investigate activation of persulfate in the presence of zero‐valent iron, Fe(0), for the purposes of phenol degradation. Relevant factors of pH, persulfate concentration, and type of black carbon (biochar, activated carbon, and graphite) were examined.RESULTSMaximal removal of phenol was obtained at an initial pH of 2 in Fe(0)–biochar–persulfate systems. At a pH of 7, 89% of the phenol was degraded, with 2.60 mmol L−1 of persulfate, 300 mg of Fe(0), and 100 mg of biochar. Under optimal conditions, more than 95% of phenol degraded after 330 min. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis showed that sulfate radical (SO4−·) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) were involved in phenol degradation. A graphitic structure arising from a sp2 covalent carbon network and oxygen‐containing functional groups on biochar were responsible for enhancement of phenol degradation.CONCLUSIONSOur study suggests that biochar‐mediated oxidation by persulfate with Fe(0) may be an effective treatment technology for removal of phenol from natural and engineered aquatic systems. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Sorption‐assisted thermopervaporation method for organics recovery from ABE fermentation broth
Authors: Volkov Vladimir , Borisov Ilya , Golubev Georgy , Vasilevsky Vladimir , Matveev Dmitry , Bondarenko Galina , Volkov Alexey 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFermentation broth is a complex mixture which contains target and other organic compounds which must be continuously recovered to maintain microorganism activity. To overcome this problem, a sorption‐assisted thermopervaporation (SA‐TPV) method has been proposed, which enables the removal of volatile organics by means of evaporation, and low and nonvolatile compounds by membrane adsorption.RESULTSA dense membrane made of polymer of intrinsic microporosity in the SA‐TPV process demonstrated stable performance (butanol flux 57.7 g m−2 h−1; separation factor butanol/water 30.4) within five months of operation with cell‐free ABE fermentation broth. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that the proposed SA‐TPV method reduced ‘external’ membrane fouling by a factor of three. Fourier transform infrared and gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that it was possible to extract ‘external’ and ‘internal’ foulants by membrane adsorption followed by in situ regeneration.CONCLUSIONThe SA‐TPV approach can be effective for recovery of both volatile and nonvolatile compounds from fermentation broth, whilst maintaining stable long‐term membrane performance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry