bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of cover crop adoption and impact on weed management in Wisconsin corn‐soybean cropping systems
Authors: Chudzik Guilherme , Nunes Jose J. , Arneson Nicholas J. , Arneson Grace , Conley Shawn P. , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe evolution and widespread occurrence of herbicide‐resistant weeds pose a major challenge for farmers and crop consultants across North America, warranting integrated management strategies. The adoption of cover crops offer weed suppression and soil health benefits but adds management complexity. A survey, targeting farmers and crop consultants, was conducted during the spring of 2023 to evaluate current cover crop management practices and perceptions in Wisconsin cropping systems. The survey included 26 questions across five sections: respondent profile, cover crop adoption and experience, cover crop management ahead of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], cover crop management ahead of corn (Zea mays L.), and general benefits and challenges of cover crop adoption. Farmers and crop consultants represented most respondents, influencing a total of 29,500 and 557,000 ha, respectively. Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus [Moq.] J.D. Sauer) and giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) were identified as the most troublesome weeds. Over 90% of respondents use herbicides to terminate their cover crops, and 68% of respondents agree that cover crops improved overall weed control in their farms/clients’ farms to some extent [cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) as main cover crop species]. Additionally, results demonstrate a strong consensus (85%) on cover crops positively influencing water retention, with 98% agreement on their efficacy in reducing soil erosion. Results from this survey can help guide farmers, agronomists, researchers, and policymakers with cover crop adoption, management, policies, incentives, and future research and education needs in Wisconsin and beyond to support the development of more sustainable and efficient weed and crop management strategies.
Quantitative Analysis of the Brachialis and Triceps Brachii Insertion Sites on the Proximal Epiphysis of the Ulna in Modern Hominid Primates and Fossil Hominins
Authors: Ciurana Neus , Casado Aroa , Rodríguez Patrícia , García Marcel , Pastor Francisco , Potau Josep M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn several species of hominid primates with different types of locomotor behavior, we quantitatively studied the insertion sites of the brachialis and triceps brachii on the proximal epiphysis of the ulna. Our main objective was to evaluate the possibility of using the anatomical features of these insertion sites to infer the locomotor behavior of different species of fossil hominins. We measured the area of these muscle insertion sites using 3D bone meshes and obtained the value of each insertion site relative to the total size of the two insertion sites for each of the species studied. We also compared these relative values of the osteological samples with the relative mass of the brachialis and triceps brachii, which we obtained by dissecting these muscles in the same primate species. The relative values for the brachialis insertion were highest in orangutans, followed by bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans. Fossil Australopithecus and Paranthropus had values similar to those of bonobos, while fossil Homo had values similar to those of Homo sapiens. The observed similarity in ulnar attachment sites between Australopithecus and Paranthropus and extant bonobos suggest that these hominins used arboreal locomotion to complement their bipedalism. These adaptations to arboreal locomotion were not observed in Homo.
Male Infanticide in the Northern Purple‐Faced Langur (Semnopithecus vetulus Philbricki) in the Kaludiyapukuna Forest Reserve, Sri Lanka
Authors: Salmi Roberta , Lu Amy , Hofner Alexandra N. , Madushan Charith , Thisaru Dilan , Mallott Elizabeth K. , Vandercone Rajnish 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTInfanticide, the killing of conspecific infants, has been observed in many species, including rodents, carnivores, and notably, primates. Although several adaptive and non‐adaptive hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, most cases to date appear consistent with the sexual selection hypothesis, particularly in primates. According to this hypothesis, males increase their reproductive success by eliminating unrelated unweaned infants, causing females to resume cycling earlier and allowing infanticidal males to mate and sire offspring sooner during their tenure. Here, we document the first confirmed cases of male infanticide in the Northern purple‐faced langur, an endangered Sri Lankan colobine living in polygynous groups where outside males challenge resident males for reproductive access, resulting in a “takeover.” Following one male takeover, we documented infanticidal attacks on all three infants present, resulting in the wounding and killing of two and the disappearance of the third, all within the first 2 months of the male's tenure. We also describe: (1) changes in group composition following the male replacement, (2) the age and sex of the victims and perpetrator/s; (3) the effect of infant loss on female interbirth interval; (4) infant defense; and (5) mating access to the victim's mothers after the infanticide. We conclude that despite anthropogenic disturbance at some study sites, infanticide within this species appears to align with the sexual selection hypothesis. Nonetheless, genetic analyses on infants killed and born after the takeover are needed to provide conclusive evidence.
Dicyclopenta[4,3,2,1‐cde:4′,3′,2′,1′‐pqr]‐peri‐tetracene: Synthesis and an Example of Annulene‐within‐an‐Annulene Aromaticity in Different Redox States
Authors: Jiang Qing , Han Yi , Hou Xudong , Wu Shaofei , Xu Tingting , Orozco‐Ic Mesías , Merino Gabriel , Chi Chunyan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe report a robust strategy for tuning the electronic structure and chemical stability of π‐conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons (PHs). By fusing two cyclopentadienyl rings in the peri‐tetracene bay regions, we introduce antiaromatic character into the π‐system, leading to unique photophysical and electronic properties. A stable mesityl‐substituted dicyclopenta‐peri‐tetracene derivative was synthesized through stepwise formylation/intramolecular cyclization at the bay regions of the dihydro peri‐tetracene precursor, followed by oxidative dehydrogenation. This compound features an open‐shell singlet diradical ground state, global antiaromaticity, exceptional stability under ambient conditions, and amphoteric redox behavior with a small energy gap. Its dication also possesses an open‐shell singlet ground state, and its structure was identified by X‐ray crystallographic analysis, revealing a unique [14]annulene‐within‐[22]annulene global aromatic structure. In contrast, the dianion exhibits a closed‐shell singlet ground state. This work provides valuable insights for designing and synthesizing novel open‐shell PHs with tunable electronic structures and remarkable stability.
Molecular Chain Rearrangement of Natural Cellulose‐Based Artificial Interphase for Ultra‐Stable Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Jizhen , Jiao Long , Yi Chao , Bai Hongyuan , Liu Qiaoyun , Fu Yusen , Liu Jiajia , Wang Chuang , Lei Yechen , Zhang Tian , Wen Jiaqi , Yang Leixin , Shu Dengkun , Yang Shuo , Li Chenyang , Li Huan , Zhang Wenjun , Cheng Bowen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe unstable electrolyte‐anode interface, plagued by parasitic side reactions and uncontrollable dendrite growth, severely hampers the practical implementation of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. To address these challenges, we developed a regenerated cellulose‐based artificial interphase with synergistically optimized structure and surface chemistry on the Zn anode (RC@Zn), using a facile molecular chain rearrangement strategy. This RC interphase features a drastically increased amorphous region and more exposed active hydroxyl groups, facilitating rapid Zn2+ diffusion and homogeneous Zn2+ interface distribution, thereby enabling dendrite‐free Zn deposition. Additionally, the compact texture and abundant negatively charged surface of the RC interphase effectively shield water molecules and harmful anions, completely preventing H2 evolution and Zn corrosion. The superior mechanical strength and adhesion of the RC interphase also accommodate the substantial volume changes of Zn anodes even under deep cycling conditions. Consequently, the RC@Zn electrode demonstrates an outstanding cycling lifespan of over 8000 hours at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2. Significantly, the electrode maintains stable cycling even at a 90 % depth of discharge and ensures stable operation of full cells with a low negative/positive capacity ratio of 1.6. This study provides new solution to construct highly stable and deep cycling Zn metal anodes through interface engineering.
Thieno[3,2‐b]pyridine: Attractive scaffold for highly selective inhibitors of underexplored protein kinases with variable binding mode
Authors: Moyano Paula Martín , Kubina Tadeáš , Paruch Štěpán Owen , Jarošková Aneta , Novotný Jan , Skočková Veronika , Ovesná Petra , Suchánková Tereza , Prokofeva Polina , Kuster Bernhard , Šmída Michal , Chaikuad Apirat , Krämer Andreas , Knapp Stefan , Souček Karel , Paruch Kamil 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProtein kinases are key regulators of numerous biological processes and aberrant kinase activity can cause various diseases, particularly cancer. Herein, we report the identification of new series of highly selective kinase inhibitors based on the thieno[3,2‐b]pyridine scaffold. The weak interaction of the thieno[3,2‐b]pyridine core with the kinase hinge region allows for profoundly different binding modes all of which maintain high kinome‐wide selectivity, as illustrated by the isomers MU1464 and MU1668. Thus, this core structure provides a template of ATP‐competitive but not ATP‐mimetic inhibitors that are anchored at the kinase back pocket. Mapping the chemical space around the central thieno[3,2‐b]pyridine pharmacophore afforded highly selective inhibitors of the kinase Haspin, exemplified by the compound MU1920 that fulfils criteria for a quality chemical probe and is suitable for use in in vivo applications. However, despite the role of Haspin in mitosis, the inhibition of Haspin alone was not sufficient to elicit cytotoxic effect in cancer cells. The thieno[3,2‐b]pyridine scaffold can be used in a broader context, as a basis of inhibitors targeting other underexplored protein kinases, such as CDKLs.
Urea/Thiourea Imine Linkages Provide Accessible Holes in Flexible Covalent Organic Frameworks and Dominates Self‐Adaptivity and Exciton Dissociation
Authors: Qin Chencheng , Wu Xiaodong , Zhou Wenyan , Li Miao , Bi Shuai , Tang Lin , Huang Hao , Tu Wenguang , Yuan Xingzhong , Ang Edison Huixiang , Sun Weiling , Chen Long , Liu Zhaoli , He Bing , Lyu Lai , Wu Yan , Liu Wen , Wang Hou 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnraveling the robust self‐adaptivity and minimal energy‐dissipation of soft reticular materials for environmental catalysis presents a compelling yet unexplored avenue. Herein, a top‐down strategy, tailoring from the unique linkage basis, flexibility degree, skeleton electronics to trace‐guest adaptability, is proposed to fill the understanding gap between micro‐soft covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and photocatalytic performance. The thio(urea)‐basis‐dominated linkage within benzotrithiophene‐based COFs induce the framework contraction/swelling (intralayer micro‐flexibility) in response to tetrahydrofuran or water. Adaptability of micro‐flexible thiourea‐COF with pore hydrophilicity not only contributes to the favorable mass transfer, but also enhances the accessible redox active sites, culminating in nearly 100 % removal of micropollutant with low‐energy dissipation in wastewater. The incorporating urea/thiourea into imine linkage facilitates polarization reduction and exciton dissociation within skeleton wall, inducing strong localization for holes. This transformation facilitates interchain charge transport and unbalanced distribution conducive to oxidative holes‐mediated micropollutant decomposition.
Food for thought: Nutrient metabolism controlling early T cell development
Authors: Werlen Guy , Hernandez Tatiana , Jacinto Estela 
Published: November 2024

AbstractT cells develop in the thymus by expressing a diverse repertoire of either αβ‐ or γδ‐T cell receptors (TCR). While many studies have elucidated how TCR signaling and gene expression control T cell ontogeny, the role of nutrient metabolism is just emerging. Here, we discuss how metabolic reprogramming and nutrient availability impact the fate of developing thymic T cells. We focus on how the PI3K/mTOR signaling mediates various extracellular inputs and how this signaling pathway controls metabolic rewiring during highly proliferative and anabolic developmental stages. We highlight the role of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway that generates metabolites that are utilized for N‐ and O‐linked glycosylation of proteins and how it impacts TCR expression during T cell ontogeny. We consider the dichotomy in metabolic needs during αβ‐ versus γδ‐T cell lineage commitment as well as how metabolism is also coupled to molecular signaling that controls cell fate.
Geographic variations of floral traits and pollinator guilds in a specialized pollination mutualism, Kadsura longipedunculata and gall midges
Authors: Hao Kai , Wu You‐Heng , Sun Qi‐Lin , Dong Wen‐Cai , Luo Shi‐Xiao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFloral traits exhibit variations in response to both biotic and abiotic factors, potentially leading to dynamic interactions between plants and pollinators. Little is known about whether these geographic variations in floral traits influence species–specific interactions in obligate mutualisms. In this study, variations in flower morphology, color and scent were investigated within and among Kadsura longipedunculata populations. Local midge pollinators across three populations were sampled to examine the plant‐insect dynamics at the geographic scale. Our results suggested dimorphism in androecium color within and among populations. Floral scent analyses suggested quantitative differences in major compounds (terpenes) among populations and between individuals with differing colors, but similar composition of volatile compounds between different color morphs. Stamen chamber size did not differ between different color morphs within the Xinning population. However, it was significantly larger in the Xinning population compared to the Hengshan population. Totally, four pollinating and ovipositing gall midge species were identified in these three populations with shared Resseliella kadsura between the Xinning and Hengshan population and shared Resseliella sp. between the Xinning and Lushan population. The variations in floral traits and pollinator guilds provide new empirical evidence for the dynamic interactions at geographic scales within specialized pollination mutualisms, potentially supporting the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution.
Prehabilitative/rehabilitative exercise, nutrition, and psychological support for bladder cancer: A scoping review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Briggs Logan G. , Parke Sara C. , Beck Kelsey L. , Sinha Debarshi , Gill Vikram , Van Ligten Matthew J. , Bain Paul A. , Tyson Mark D. , Abdul‐Muhsin Haidar M. , Quillen Jaxon K. , Dodoo Christopher A. , De Luigi Arthur J. , Branstiter Nikki L. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Psutka Sarah P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study of prehabilitation and rehabilitation ([p]rehabilitation) to alleviate the sequelae of bladder cancer and its treatment has generated numerous opportunities to improve the quality of life of bladder cancer survivors. The authors conducted a scoping review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to identify knowledge gaps in and research directions for (p)rehabilitative support for those affected by bladder cancer. The authors systematically searched six databases and synthesized key findings from RCTs conducted from January 1, 2004, through March 15, 2022, that enrolled participants with bladder cancer, survivors, or caregivers in outpatient (p)rehabilitative programs (e.g., exercise, nutrition, or psychological support). Outcomes were characterized according to eight prespecified, clinically relevant categories. The search retrieved 10,968 records, 27 of which met the inclusion criteria, and 24 described unique RCTs with 2471 enrolled participants. Of 24 interventions, 17 (71%) yielded statistically significant results for the outcome of interest. Only one RCT included a cost‐effectiveness analysis, and only two characterized the efficacy of interventions for caregivers. Of 11 RCTs involving psychological support, eight yielded statistically significant results, as did nine of 11 RCTs with physical exercise interventions, three of four RCTs with educational interventions, three of four RCTs with nutritional support interventions, one of two RCTs with pharmacologic medications, and zero of one RCT with physical therapy. The most promising interventions for inclusion in multimodal, personalized (p)rehabilitation programs included exercise, stress management training, cognitive training, smoking and alcohol cessation counseling, immunonutrition, stoma education, and penile rehabilitation. Further studies of the cost effectiveness and efficacy for caregivers of such interventions are needed.Plain Language Summary

In a scoping review of all randomized clinical trials involving prehabilitative or rehabilitative diet, exercise, and psychological support interventions for patients with bladder cancer, survivors, and their caregivers, 17 of 24 (71%) interventions yielded statistically significant improvements in the outcome of interest.
Clinicians should consider implementing such interventions for those affected by bladder cancer.
Enhancing Li+ Transportation at Graphite‐Low Concentration Electrolyte Interface Via Interphase Modulation of LiNO3 and Vinylene Carbonate
Authors: Quan Yin , Cui Xiaoling , Hu Ling , Kong Yueqin , Zhang Xiaojuan , Liang Hongcheng , Zhu Yu , Wang Caiyun , Zhang Ningshuang , Li Shiyou 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe solvent‐rich solvent sheath in low‐concentration electrolytes (LCEs) not only results in high desolvation energy of Li+, but also forms organic‐rich solid electrolyte interface film (SEI) with poor Li+ conductivity, which hinders Li+ transport at the electrode‐electrolyte interface and greatly limits the application of LCEs. Here, the electrochemical performance of the LCEs is enhanced by dual interfacial modification with LiNO3 and vinylene carbonate (VC) additives. Results show that LiNO3 is preferentially reduced at about 1.65 V to form an inorganic‐rich but incomplete SEI inner layer. The formation of Li3N and LiNxOy inorganic components helps to achieve rapid Li+ transport in the SEI film, and the bare electrode surface caused by the incomplete SEI inner layer provides a place for the subsequent decomposition of VC. Then, at a lower potential of about 0.73 V, VC is reduced to generate the poly(VC)‐rich SEI outer layer, which provides lithium‐philic sites and greatly weakens the interaction between Li+ and ethylene carbonate (EC). The interaction modulates the Li+ solvation structure at the interface and reduces the desolvation energy of Li+. This ingenious design of the bilayer SEI film greatly enhances Li+ transport and inhibits the decomposition of traditional carbonate solvents and the swelling of graphite. As a result, the electrochemical performance of the battery using 0.5 M LiPF6 EC/diethyl carbonate (DEC) + 0.012 M LiNO3 + 0.5 vt% VC is improved to a higher level than the one using 1.0 M LiPF6 EC/DEC electrolyte. This research expands the design strategy and promising applications of LCEs by constructing a favorable SEI to enhance Li+ transport at the electrode‐electrolyte interface.
Call Blocking Estimation Using Adaptive Channel Reservation for Hand‐Off Calls in Wireless Cellular Network
Authors: Sahu Promod Kumar , Pati Hemanta Kumar , Pradhan Sateesh Kumar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe wireless cellular network (WCN) provides services to many users with limited radio resources. In WCN, resource allocation is important to provide the desired quality of service (QoS). Among the two possible types of calls in WCN, hand‐off calls (HCs) have higher priority than new calls (NCs). In this paper, we developed a mathematical model to estimate call blocking using an optimal number of guard channel (GC) for HCs by considering target hand‐off call dropping probability (HCDP). We named this model the optimal guard channel reservation (OCR) policy. This analytical model assumes the long‐term average of the traffic parameters and so is far from making any correlation with the operation of the existing system. In real, the traffic parameters are dynamic. Further, we proposed an optimal adaptive guard channel reservation (OACR) policy to obtain optimal performance. It adjusts the GCs dynamically w.r.t the traffic conditions to keep HCDP below the target. We have implemented the OACR scheme by using a test bed. Finally, we have applied both mathematical model (i.e., OCR policy) and OACR policy to a wireless cellular network, that is, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) 900 system.
PARP7i Clinical Candidate RBN‐2397 Exerts Antiviral Activity by Modulating Interferon‐β Associated Innate Immune Response in Macrophages
Authors: Du Xiaoli , Zhou Jiawei , Zhou Yi , Chen Yulong , Kang Yanhua , Zhao Dongjiu , Ye Xiang‐Yang , Wang Liwei , Xie Tian , Zhang Hang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPolyadenosine diphosphate‐ribose polymerase 7 (PARP7) acts as a suppressor of the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway via suppressing TANK‐binding protein 1 (TBK1). Research study indicates that inhibition of PARP7 could potentially regulate tumor immunity. However, the effect of PARP7 inhibition on innate antiviral immunity in macrophages as well as the underlying mechanism have not been demonstrated else well. We report herein that PARP7 inhibitor clinical candidate RBN‐2397 could augment type I interferon (IFN‐I) production in macrophages by elevating retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathways. Treatment with RBN‐2397 leads to increased pattern recognition ligands‐induced interferon‐β production in primary bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) and RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, RBN‐2397 suppresses viral replication efficiency in macrophages infected by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and amplifies the expression of interferon‐stimulated chemokine genes (ISGs). Mechanistically, RBN‐2397 promotes TBK1 phosphorylation, consequently leading to the amplified activation of RIG‐I and STING signaling pathways. Furthermore, RBN‐2397 enhances the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT2 induced by IFN‐α/β and the expression of chemokine genes in macrophages in response to IFN stimulation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that RBN‐2397 enhances innate antiviral immunity in mice infected with VSV, resulting in increased serum IFN‐β levels, reduced viral loads, and alleviated pulmonary inflammatory responses of the VSV‐infected mice. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential of RBN‐2397 as a promising antiviral therapeutic agent for enhancing the IFN‐relative antiviral immune defense in host.