bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Islamic work ethic on employee ethical behavior: the serial mediation of moral identity and felt obligation
Authors: Topcan Ozlem , Uluturk Bulent , Iltar Ekin Kaynak , Akcoru Rabia 
Published: November 2024

PurposeDrawing on conservation of resources, social cognitive and self-verification theories, the current study endeavors to extend our comprehension of the mechanisms linking Islamic work ethics (IWE) to employee ethical behavior. More specifically, the current study investigates the potential impact of IWE on employees’ ethical behavior through the serial mediating roles of moral identity and felt obligation.Design/methodology/approachBy utilizing two-wave data collected from 513 employee-co-worker dyads in the education sector in Turkey, we employed AMOS to conduct a confirmatory analysis and the PROCESS macro for SPSS to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe results provide evidence for our hypothesized model. Our results indicate that employees with higher levels of IWE are more likely to exhibit higher levels of ethical behavior. Our results also reveal that IWE has a significant and positive impact on employees’ moral identity and sense of obligation, which in turn enhances their ethical behavior.Originality/valueBy integrating multiple theories, the current research addresses a dearth in the literature and provides a nomological network from Islamic work ethics to ethical employee behavior through the serial mediating role of moral identity and felt obligation. This study adds value to the literature on human resource management and work ethics by examining how IWE affects the attitudes and behaviors of employees in both the public and private sectors. Accordingly, organizations can strengthen their workforce’s moral identities and instill a sense of obligation to behave morally by incorporating workplace ethics into HRM processes.
“I think my accent is the way I am”: how East Asian international students describe themselves as foreign-accented speakers
Authors: Park Eunjae , Hodge Steven , Klieve Helen 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study explores how second language (L2) East Asian international students at an Australian university describe themselves as foreign-accented speakers and develop a new L2 identity within a sociolinguistic landscape that reinforces hierarchies between first language (L1) and L2 speakers.Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon van Manen’s (2016) hermeneutic phenomenology, this study employs a qualitative-dominant mixed methods approach. An initial survey with 306 participants informed subsequent phenomenological interviews with five students, enabling a comprehensive exploration of their L2 identity construction.FindingsThe analysis revealed four themes: being proud to be L2 speakers, the value of having L2, complex attitudes towards foreign accents, and miscommunication as natural. These findings underscore the importance of critical engagement with evolving L2 identity and highlight the role of university interventions in fostering students' agency, which aids their successful transitions to host institutions.Originality/valueThis study addresses a gap in existing research by exploring how L2 students develop a new L2 identity beyond the challenges of language proficiency. It emphasises the significance of contextualising their experiences within the broader sociolinguistic landscape, offering insights that contribute to a better understanding of L2 identity construction among international students.
Acclimation temperature and parasite infection drive metabolic changes in a freshwater fish at different biological scales
Authors: Levet Marie , Killen Shaun S. , Bettinazzi Stefano , Mélançon Vincent , Breton Sophie , Binning Sandra A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Environmental stressors such as elevated temperature and parasite infection can impact individual energy metabolism. However, organismal responses to co‐occurring stressors and their effects across biological scales remain unexplored despite the importance of integrative studies for accurately predicting the resilience of natural populations in changing environments.

Using wild‐caught, naturally parasitized pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus, we quantified changes in cellular and whole‐organism metabolism in response to temperature and parasite infection. We acclimated pumpkinseeds for 3 weeks at 20°C, 25°C or 30°C before measuring whole‐organism oxygen uptake (ṀO2) using intermittent flow‐respirometry to quantify maximal and standard metabolic rates (MMR and SMR, respectively) and aerobic scope (AS). We also measured the maximal activity of enzymes [citrate synthase (CS), respiratory complexes I + III and IV of the electron transport system and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] linked with cellular bioenergetics in fish heart, brain, spleen and gills using spectrophotometry.

We found no interactions between acclimation temperatures and parasite intensity on cellular or whole‐organism metabolism. However, both stressors were independently related to fish metabolism, with differing impacts across biological scales.

Whereas MMR increased with acclimation temperature, this was not mirrored by increasing SMR or decreasing AS, suggesting thermal compensation across acclimation temperatures at the whole‐organism level.

On a cellular level, acclimation responses were similar across organs, with maximal activity of all enzymes decreasing with increasing acclimation temperature. However, LDH activity remained higher than aerobic enzyme activities (CS, ETS complexes I + III and IV) across acclimation temperatures and organs, especially in gills, where LDH activity drastically increased at 30°C. This may indicate a stronger reliance on anaerobic metabolism to sustain whole‐organism metabolic performance at high temperatures.

Fish with greater trematode infection had lower MMR. There were no relationships between parasite intensity and SMR, AS or maximal enzyme activity.

Our work shows that co‐occurring stressors have distinct impacts on fish metabolism: parasites are primarily related to whole‐organism metabolism while temperature impacts metabolism across biological scales. This highlights that interactions among co‐occurring stressors are important for ecological realism and accurate predictions regarding population resilience to environmental changes.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
What they did next: Using follow‐up phone calls to investigate health care access patterns of patients who take their own leave
Authors: Stewart Isabelle , Freeman Sam , Phillips Georgina , Maplesden Jacqueline , Barnes Deborah , Soderland Simone , Hutton Jennie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to use telephone follow‐up (TFU) to investigate the actions taken by patients after they took their own leave (TOL) from an ED, with a focus on priority groups who are at risk of experiencing health inequity. These included people experiencing homelessness (EH), people with a low socioeconomic status by index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage (IRSD) and First Nations people. The primary outcome was being seen by a general practitioner (GP) within 2 days of the TOL event. The utility of the TFU was also examined.MethodsThis was an observational study of data collected during a quality improvement intervention at an inner‐city, tertiary, teaching hospital in Melbourne from January to December 2022. Descriptive results were obtained from a TFU survey that was administered 24–48 h after the TOL event.ResultsDuring the study period, 4209 patients TOL from the ED. Eight hundred forty‐one of these were contacted and consented to the TFU survey. 97.7% of patients expressed gratitude at being followed up. Patients EH, compared to patients not EH, were less likely to have seen their GP within 2 days of TOL event (0.295 [0.132–0.661], P < 0.001). Both First Nations patients and those from low IRSD areas were as likely to have seen their GP within 2 days as other groups.ConclusionPatients EH were less likely to receive GP care within 2 days of TOL. Improving the access and acceptability of health care in these priority groups is important for achieving health equity.
Aqueous copper geochemistry shapes the sediment microbial resistome in a recovering stream
Authors: Helfrich Paul G , Feldman Johnathan , Andrade‐Barahona Eva , Robertson Isaiah , Foster Jordan , Hofacker Renee , Dahlquist Selking Gavin , Sheik Cody S , Cox Alysia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAqueous metals are pervasive contaminants associated with historical mining. We produced and examined 16 metagenomes from a contaminated creek to investigate how anthropogenic metal contamination shapes the functional profiles of microbial communities. We then incorporated the metagenomic profiles and concurrently collected geochemical context into a multivariate model to examine correlations between stream geochemistry and microbial functional potential. Integrating the metagenomes with full geochemical profiles emphasised that even low metalloid concentrations shaped microbial functionality, seasonal shifts in copper bioavailability and arsenic exposure correlated with genetic variation, and copper resistomes were spatiotemporally distinct. This study provides new insights into microbial metabolic potential and microbe‐metal(loid) interactions.
Inclusion of Students With Intellectual Disability in Saudi Universities: Understanding the Gap Between Theory and Practice
Authors: Abu‐Alghayth Khalid M. , Alshahrani Basmah F. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe global discourse on higher education underscores its pivotal role in personal development, societal progress and economic prosperity. However, actual implementation and practices within universities have not kept pace, and students with intellectual disability still struggle, as their journey towards accessing and succeeding in higher education is marked by intricate challenges. Therefore, this study investigated the gap between theory and practice in Saudi universities, obtaining an in‐depth understanding of the inclusion of students with intellectual disability in universities, current challenges and factors perceived as critical for enhancing these students' enrolment and success.MethodsWe employed a basic interpretive qualitative approach to gain insight into the perceptions of 12 faculty members and four staff members via a series of initial and follow‐up semistructured interviews and focus group. In addition, we analysed a set of relevant documents.FindingsThe findings highlight the following themes: admission process and entry requirements, implementation gaps in educational policies, nondisclosure of disability, accessibility and support, and critical factors for successful inclusion; several subthemes also emerged.ConclusionsThis study underscores the complex dynamics between policy and practice, revealing significant gaps that need to be addressed to ensure genuine inclusivity. Based on the findings, we discuss future directions in terms of research and practice.
Three decades of glucose‐lowering therapy in patients at high cardiovascular risk — A real‐world analysis
Authors: Neyer Magdalena , Vogel Johannes B. , Elsner Pascal , Kuehrer Heike , Saely Christoph H. , Muendlein Axel , Vonbank Alexander , Mader Arthur , Festa Andreas , Drexel Heinz , Leiherer Andreas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimOver recent years, therapy options and strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have developed substantially. This study investigated glucose‐lowering treatment in patients with high cardiovascular risk over three decades.Materials and MethodsA total of 2158 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography at a tertiary care hospital in Europe were included in three sequential observational studies (OS): OS1 (1999–2000; n = 672), OS2 (2005–2008; n = 1005) and OS3 (2022–2023; n = 481). Sociodemographic data, patient‐reported medication, medical histories and blood samples were analysed.ResultsA clear trend towards more complex glucose‐lowering therapies was found. A wider array of glucose‐lowering drugs was used over time (OS1: 11; OS2: 21; OS3: 25) and the number of different drugs used in combination therapy in a single patient increased to a maximum of five in OS3. Furthermore, substantial differences in applied medication regimens were observed: Sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors were the most frequently reported substance class (34.0% of total reported glucose‐lowering drugs) in OS3, whilst metformin remained a key component (OS1: 33.9%; OS2: 41.8%; OS3: 32.0%). Other drug classes like sulfonylureas were largely replaced. A total of 69.2% of patients in OS3 achieved an HbA1c level of < 7% (vs. OS1: 51.9%, OS2: 54.7%; ptrend < 0.001). Over 25% of patients with T2DM were newly diagnosed at admission (OS1: 43.8%, OS2: 29.7%, OS3: 27.2%; ptrend < 0.001) and had therefore no diabetes‐related medication.ConclusionThese real‐world data emphasize a marked shift in T2DM treatment towards novel substance classes. However, the use of incretin mimetics remained low. Significantly more patients reached HbA1c targets in the most recent cohort.
A continuum from predictive to online feedback in visuomotor interception
Authors: Márquez Inmaculada , Lemus Luis , Treviño Mario 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInterception, essential for activities like driving and sports, can be characterized by varying degrees of predictive behaviour. We developed a visually guided task to explore how target predictability and visibility influenced interception actions. The task featured a falling dot influenced by horizontal velocity, gravity and air friction, with predictability manipulated through external forces that altered the target's trajectory. We also introduced spatial occlusion to limit visual information. Our results show that low target variability favoured predictive behaviours, while high variability led to more reactive responses relying on online feedback. Manual responses displayed increased variability with changes in target motion, whereas eye trajectories maintained constant curvature across conditions. Additionally, higher target variability delayed the onset of hand movements but did not affect eye movement onset, making gaze position a poor predictor of hand position. This distinction highlights the different adaptive patterns in hand and eye movements in response to target trajectory changes. Participants maintained stable interception behaviours within and across sessions, indicating individual preferences for either predictive or more reactive actions. Our findings reveal a dynamic interplay between target predictability and interception, illustrating how humans combine predictive and reactive behaviours to manage external variability.
A review of the equine suspensory ligament: Injury prone yet understudied
Authors: Guest Deborah J. , Birch Helen L. , Thorpe Chavaunne T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe suspensory ligament (SL) is a key component of the elaborate and highly adapted suspensory apparatus in the horse. In addition to contributing to stabilisation of the metacarpophalangeal joint, the SL has a spring like function to reduce the energetic cost of locomotion. Although the SL is highly prone to injury in horses of all ages and competing in a wide range of disciplines, knowledge regarding fundamental structure–function relationships in the SL is lacking, particularly compared with other injury‐prone tendinous structures such as the superficial digital flexor tendon. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of SL composition, structure and mechanical properties and describe the epidemiology, aetiology and pathophysiology of injuries. We evaluate different diagnostic approaches and treatment modalities and identify key areas for future research.
Transgenerational association of mentalization with child mental health: A scoping review
Authors: Moreira Adelina , Vives Jaume , Ballespí Sergi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis scoping review provides an overview of empirical research concerning the association between parents' mentalization and child mental health (0–12 years of age). Specifically, it aims at synthesizing the evidence regarding to what extent mentalization (a) is a protective factor for child mental health, and (b) moderates the transgenerational transmission of psychopathology. A total of 73 studies were selected out of 5112 identified (duplicates excluded). The results hint at a relation between parent's mentalization and child mental health: 88% of the studies showed significant associations between predictor and outcome dimensions across a variety of samples, research procedures, and assessment measures. About the direction of the associations, almost all of them behave as expected, supporting the statement that children of parents with healthy mentalization skills tend to have better functioning and show less psychopathology. The evidence indicates that parents' healthy mentalization strengthens children's well‐being and helps them cope with stressors more effectively so it is acting as a protective factor against mental health problems. Eleven studies found moderating roles of parents' mentalization in the transgenerational transmission of psychopathology. In a context where mental ill‐health is mostly addressed only once there is a problem, these results suggest that fostering parents' mentalization in clinical but also in non‐clinical settings could help to improve child mental health in terms of symptoms, functioning, and well‐being, and stop the growing incidence of mental disorders across development.
Evidence for an Adaptive, Large‐Scale Range Shift in a Long‐Distance Terrestrial Migrant
Authors: Gurarie Eliezer , Beaupré Chloe , Couriot Ophélie , Cameron Matthew D. , Fagan William F. , Joly Kyle 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLong‐distance migrations are a striking, and strikingly successful, adaptation for highly mobile terrestrial animals in seasonal environments. However, it remains an open question whether migratory animals are more resilient or less resilient to rapidly changing environments. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which animals adapt or modify their migrations are poorly understood. We describe a dramatic shift of over 500 km in the wintering range of the Western Arctic Herd, a large caribou (
Rangifer tarandus
) herd in northwestern Alaska, an area that is undergoing some of the most rapid warming on Earth. Between 2012 and 2020, caribou switched from reliably wintering in maritime tundra in the southwesternmost portion of their range to more frequently wintering in mountainous areas to the east. Analysis of this range shift, in conjunction with nearly 200 documented mortality events, revealed that it was both broadly adaptive and likely driven by collective memory of poor winter conditions. Before the range shift, overwinter survival in the maritime tundra was high, routinely surpassing 95%, but falling to around 80% even as fewer animals wintered there. Meanwhile, in the increasingly used mountainous portion of the range, survival was intermediate and less variable across years compared to the extremes in the southern winter ranges. Thus, the shift only imperfectly mitigated overall increased mortality rates. The range shift has also been accompanied by changes in seasonal patterns of survival that are consistent with poorer nutritional intake in winter. Unexpectedly, the strongest single predictor of an individual's probability of migrating south was the overall survival of animals in the south in the preceding winter, suggesting that the range shift is in part driven by collective memory. Our results demonstrate the importance and use of collective decision making and memory for a highly mobile species for improving fitness outcomes in a dynamic, changing environment.
Activation of the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator/Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor System in Periodontitis: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Khudhur Ahmed , Dowson Christopher , Bissett Susan M. , van de Merwe Rachel , Taylor John J. , Preshaw Philip M. , Jaedicke Katrin M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe plasminogen activating (PA) system has a multitude of functions such as wound healing, proteolytic activity, collagen degradation and cell growth, and the role of the urokinase plasminogen activator/urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPA/uPAR) system has been studied in many disease states. The aim of this study was to investigate salivary concentrations of uPA, uPAR and uPA activity in patients with periodontitis to identify biomarkers and novel pathogenic relationships.MethodsSaliva samples were obtained from 169 participants, comprising patients with periodontitis (n = 103) and periodontally healthy volunteers (n = 66) and analysed for uPA and uPAR with a multiplex protein assay using proximity extension analysis in a subset of samples, followed by validation with ELISA. The protease activity of salivary uPA was quantified using a fluorometric assay.ResultsPatients with periodontitis had a 4.0‐fold higher (p < 0.001) salivary uPA and a 2.5‐fold higher (p < 0.001) salivary uPAR concentration in comparison to periodontally healthy participants. The salivary uPA activity (median [IQR]) from patients with periodontitis (123.21 [188.29] U/mL) was 1.6‐fold higher (p < 0.01) than the salivary uPA activity from periodontally healthy participants (76.83 [98.09] U/mL). Levels of uPA and uPAR were strongly correlated with periodontal indices, whereas only weak correlations were found with BMI and age.ConclusionActivation of uPA/uPAR likely plays a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. uPA/uPAR may have potential utility as candidate salivary biomarkers in periodontal pathogenesis.
Cyclic ablation behaviors of mullite‐modified C/C–ZrC–SiC composites prepared by PIP
Authors: Xiong Yufei , He Qinchuan , Wang Yiqun , Yin Xuemin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFour mullite‐modified C/C–ZrC–SiC composites with different contents were prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP). The phase compositions, microstructures, and cyclic ablation behaviors of the composites under 2.38 MW/m2 oxyacetylene flame were investigated. Results show that both insufficient and excessive amounts of mullite limit the ablation resistance of the composites. The composite with mullite content of 8.27 wt% has better ablation resistance, and the mass loss rate and linear loss rate after the second ablative are −0.873 mg/s and 0.272 µm/s, respectively. Appropriate mullite improves the viscosity and thermo‐oxidative barrier properties of the liquid phase and enhances the healing of ablative defects. Meanwhile, mullite inhibits the crystal transformation of ZrO2.
Topographical variations in the skin barrier and their role in disease pathogenesis
Authors: Dajnoki Z. , Kapitány A. , Eyerich K. , Eyerich S. , Törőcsik D. , Szegedi A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe skin barrier can be divided into at least four functional units: chemical, microbial, physical and immunological barriers. The chemical and microbial barriers have previously been shown to exhibit different characteristics in topographically distinct skin regions. There is increasing evidence that the physical and immunological barriers also show marked variability in different areas of the skin. Here, we review recent data on the topographical variations of skin barrier components, the contribution of these variations to the homeostatic function of the skin and their impact on the pathogenesis of specific immune‐mediated skin diseases (such as atopic dermatitis and papulopustular rosacea). Recognition of these topographical barrier differences will improve our understanding of skin homeostasis and disease pathogenesis and provide a basis for body site‐specific targeted therapies.