bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing professional footballers’ finances to avoid financial problems
Authors: Balliauw Matteo , Van Den Spiegel Tomas 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Academics have studied the finances of football clubs, but not the financial situation of professional football players. To fill this gap in literature, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the financial situation of individual players, the causes of financial problems and the probability of encountering financial difficulties.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey has been conducted of 102 players of five clubs in the Belgian first division. Based on this unique data set, a multivariate nominal logistic regression model allows the causes of financial difficulties to be identified. A derived classification model is estimated in order to predict the probability of professional players encountering financial problems.

Findings
About one out of four professional players is confronted with occasional financial problems. Next to the use and investment of income; personal, family and career status factors have a peculiar impact on the individual financial situation of professional sports players.

Practical implications
The results allow better identification of professional players likely to incur financial problems and better assisting them avoid problems.

Originality/value
Given the gap in the sports management literature, the findings from the econometric approach provide both researchers and practitioners with new insights into financial management issues of athletes. The findings may help athletes, their managers and club managers in their decision making. Future research can further build on these findings.
Key success factors for organizational performance of private HLIs in Malaysia
Authors: Ie Lyn Chan Josephine , Muthuveloo Rajendran 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The paper aims to highlight the key factors that can optimize the organizational performance of private higher learning institutions (HLIs). Undeniably, organizational performance is crucial for the business sustainability of private HLIs in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents the authors’ views on the key factors for the organizational performance of private HLIs based on personal experiences and review of past research literature conducted on organizational performance.

Findings
The higher education sector plays an important role as it is seen as a potential engine of growth and source of global competitiveness. As one of the main players in the higher education sector, private HLIs need to optimize its organizational performance. Unfortunately, at present, the disruptive dynamic changes and uncertainties in the business landscape are affecting the organizational performance of HLIs. Therefore, the key factors highlighted in this paper are meant to provide insights into how private HLIs can optimize organizational performance while operating in the current turbulent business environment.

Originality/value
The paper provides new insights into key success factors that are pivotal to the business sustainability of private HLIs in Malaysia.
The Masc gene product controls masculinization in the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon
Authors: Wang Yao‐Hui , Chen Xi‐En , Yang Yang , Xu Jun , Fang Gang‐Qi , Niu Chang‐Ying , Huang Yong‐Ping , Zhan Shuai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSex determination has been studied in the model lepidopteran species Bombyx mori, but it remains poorly understood in lepidopteran pests. In the present study, we identified and characterized the Masculinizer (Masc) gene in a Noctuidae pest species, Agrotis ipsilon. Sequence analysis revealed that AiMasc encodes a protein of 658 amino acids that has two CCCH‐type zinc finger domains and two conserved cysteine residues (Cys‐277 and Cys‐280). We assessed the masculinizing activity of AiMasc in BmN cells and found that AiMasc induced expression of the male‐specific doublesex isoform. Disruption of Masc via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) in A. ipsilon caused abnormalities in abdominal segments and external genitalia, resulting in male‐specific sterility. These results suggest that Masc participates in the process of sex determination in A. ipsilon. Successful identification of sex‐determination gene in a pest species may enable the development of novel genetic approaches for pest control.
Sensing of L‐Arginine by Gut‐Expressed Calcium Sensing Receptor Stimulates Gut Satiety Hormones Cholecystokinin and Glucose‐Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide Secretion in Pig Model
Authors: Wang Chao , Kang Cuicui , Xian Yihan , Zhang Mingyu , Chen Xiaolin , Pei Mingcai , Zhu Weiyun , Hang Suqin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNutrients regulate the secretion of gut satiety hormones, which is related to the modulation of food intake and blood glucose levels. Calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) is involved in regulating gut hormone secretion in response to l‐amino acids and multivalent cations. Rodents are often used to investigate the effect of nutrients on these hormonal release. However, results obtained using rodent models are difficult to be applied in humans, we used pigs as a model in this study because their physiology is similar to that of humans. In this study, we investigated whether l‐Arginine (l‐Arg) could induce gut hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) secretion in the porcine duodenum and if so, whether CaSR mediated l‐Arg‐regulated gut satiety hormone secretion. Our data showed that treatment with 20 and 50 mM l‐Arg induced CCK and GIP secretion compared with 0 mM l‐Arg. However, treatment with d‐Arg (an inactive isomer) failed to elicit this response. The potency of l‐Arg to induce CCK and GIP secretion was enhanced in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and CaSR agonist cinacalcet. However, the effect of Arg on CCK and GIP secretion was attenuated by blocking CaSR and its downstream signaling molecules adenylate cyclase (AC) and phospholipase C (PLC). Taken all together, pig duodenum provides an appropriate model to explore the effects of l‐Arg on the secretion of the satiety‐related gut hormones CCK and GIP and the role of CaSR in this effect. Further investigations are needed to verify the effect of l‐Arg on food intake and blood glucose in human study.Practical Applicationl‐Arginine is able to modulate cholecystokinin and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide secretion through the CaSR in pig model, which has a potential role in regulating food intake and blood glucose levels.
Rate and extent of mitragynine and 7‐hydroxymitragynine blood–brain barrier transport and their intra‐brain distribution: the missing link in pharmacodynamic studies
Authors: Yusof Siti R. , Mohd Uzid Mahathir , Teh Eng‐Huat , Hanapi Nur Aziah , Mohideen Mazlin , Mohamad Arshad Ahmad Saifuddin , Mordi Mohd Nizam , Loryan Irena , Hammarlund‐Udenaes Margareta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMitragyna speciosa is reported to be beneficial for the management of chronic pain and opioid withdrawal in the evolving opioid epidemic. Data on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) transport of mitragynine and 7‐hydroxymitragynine, the active compounds of the plant, are still lacking and inconclusive. Here, we present for the first time the rate and the extent of mitragynine and 7‐hydroxymitragynine transport across the BBB, with an investigation of their post‐BBB intra‐brain distribution. We utilized an in vitro BBB model to study the rate of BBB permeation of the compounds and their interaction with efflux transporter P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). Mitragynine showed higher apical‐to‐basolateral (A‐B, i.e. blood‐to‐brain side) permeability than 7‐hydroxymitragynine. 7‐Hydroxymitragynine showed a tendency to efflux, with efflux ratio (B‐A/A‐B) of 1.39. Both were found to inhibit the P‐gp and are also subject to efflux by the P‐gp. Assessment of the extent of BBB transport in vivo in rats from unbound brain to plasma concentration ratios (Kp,uu,brain) revealed extensive efflux of both compounds, with less than 10 percent of unbound mitragynine and 7‐hydroxymitragynine in plasma crossing the BBB. By contrast, the extent of intra‐brain distribution was significantly different, with mitragynine having 18‐fold higher brain tissue uptake in brain slice assay compared with 7‐hydroxymitragynine. Mitragynine showed a moderate capacity to accumulate inside brain parenchymal cells, while 7‐hydroxymitragynine showed restricted cellular barrier transport. The presented findings from this systematic investigation of brain pharmacokinetics of mitragynine and 7‐hydroxymitragynine are essential for design and interpretation of in vivo experiments aiming to establish exposure–response relationship.
Predictors of initiation of nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine use: Results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)
Authors: Blanco Carlos , Flórez‐Salamanca Ludwing , Secades‐Villa Roberto , Wang Shuai , Hasin Deborah S. 
Published: August 2018

Background and ObjectivesThere may be substantial overlap in the risk factors for substance use and substance use disorders (SUD). Identifying risk factors for substance use initiation is essential for understanding the etiology and natural history of SUD and to develop empirically‐based preventive interventions to reduce initiation.MethodsAnalyses were done on Wave 1 participants of the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) (n = 43,093). Estimates of the cumulative probability of substance use initiation were obtained separately for nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine. Survival analyses with time‐varying covariates were implemented to identify risk factors for substance initiation.ResultsThe lifetime cumulative probabilities of substance initiation were 45.5% for nicotine, 82% for alcohol, 19.6% for cannabis, and 6.4% for cocaine. Among respondents with lifetime nicotine use, 50% had used it by age 15.3, whereas for alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine the respective ages were 17.8, 16.6, and 19.8. Previous use of another substance, being male, having a cluster B personality disorder, family history of SUD, and being separated, divorced, or widowed increased the risk of use of all the substances assessed, whereas social anxiety disorder and some personality disorders were associated with specific substances.Discussion and ConclusionsAlthough the age of substance use initiation varies by substance, in more than 50% of cases initiation of use occurs in the first two decades of life. Although most risk factors for substance use initiation are common across substances, some are substance‐specific.Scientific SignificanceThis information may help in the development of empirically‐based preventive interventions. (Am J Addict 2018;27:477–484)
Inter‐twin delivery interval, short‐term perinatal outcomes and risk of caesarean for the second twin
Authors: Cukierman Ronit , Heland Sarah , Palmer Kirsten , Neil Peter , da Silva Costa Fabricio , Rolnik Daniel L. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the association between inter‐twin delivery interval and short‐term perinatal outcomes of the second twin after vaginal delivery of the first twin.MethodsRetrospective cohort study including twin pregnancies with a vaginal delivery of the first twin between January 2011 and September 2017 in a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia. The main outcome measure was a composite of adverse neonatal outcome (at least one of perinatal death, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), endotracheal intubation, Apgar <7 at five minutes and cord lactate >4.0 mmol/L). Proportions of adverse outcomes for the second twin were compared between groups of intervals ≤ or >10 and ≤ or >30 min.ResultsThe composite adverse neonatal outcome occurred in 201 (58.2%) and a caesarean section occurred in seven cases (2%) of the 345 pregnancies included. Delivery interval was associated with higher cord lactate. Low Apgar scores were more frequent with intervals >30 min (17.9% vs 6.6%, P = 0.03), as well as caesarean section for the second twin (10.7% vs 1.3%, P = 0.01). Composite adverse outcome and admission to NICU were not significantly influenced by the delivery interval. Predictors of adverse outcome were gestational age, abnormal cardiotocography and breech delivery of the second twin.ConclusionThe inter‐twin delivery interval is associated with higher rates of low Apgar scores and higher cord lactate for the second twin. These associations do not translate into higher rates of admission to NICU and their long‐term clinical implications are uncertain.
Parental smoking and depression, and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2005‐2014
Authors: Cho Youn Joo , Choi Ran , Park Susan , Kwon Jin‐won 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents using a nationally representative sample of the Korean population.MethodsData from children and adolescents aged less than 18 years (n = 23 561) were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005 to 2014. ADHD was assessed using a self‐reported diagnosis of ADHD. We estimated the annual prevalence and number of Korean children and adolescents with physician‐diagnosed ADHD from 2005 to 2014. We considered various risk factors including demographics, obesity, and family environment (household income, parental age, depression in adults in the household, and exposure to environmental smoke at home). The relationship between ADHD and the considered risk factors was evaluated using multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe annual prevalence of physician‐diagnosed ADHD showed a 4‐fold increase (0.35% in 2005 and 1.36% 2014) over the study period. Among ADHD patients, boys and girls constituted 78% and 22%, respectively. Total smoking amounts and depression in adults in the household were significantly associated with children's ADHD. When the analysis was limited to parental effects, only the father's smoking amount and depression were associated with the children's ADHD.DiscussionThis study identified adults' smoking and depression as family environmental factors associated with children's ADHD. From a public health care perspective, this result illuminates the need for awareness programs emphasizing a parent's conditions that may influence the development of ADHD in children.
Influence of age and renal impairment on the steady state pharmacokinetics of filgotinib, a selective JAK1 inhibitor
Authors: Namour Florence , Fagard Liesbeth , Van der Aa Annegret , Harrison Pille , Xin Yan , Tasset Chantal 
Published: August 2018

AimsFilgotinib (GS‐6034, formerly GLPG0634) is an oral, selective Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor that showed early response and sustained efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and with Crohn's disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of age and renal impairment (RI) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of filgotinib and its main metabolite.MethodsThe effect of age was assessed in two groups of 10 elderly healthy subjects (65–74 and ≥75 years of age) and a control group of 10 younger healthy subjects (40–50 years of age). The impact of RI was investigated in three groups of subjects with mild (n = 6), moderate (n = 6) and severe (n = 3) RI [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 60–89, 30–59 and 15–29 ml min–1 1.73 m–2, respectively] and a control group (n = 9) with normal renal function (eGFR ≥90 ml min–1 1.73 m–2). The PK of filgotinib and its metabolite were evaluated following filgotinib 100 mg once‐daily doses for 10 days.ResultsAt steady state, the exposure [area under the concentration–time curve over the dosing interval (AUC0–24 h)] of filgotinib and its metabolite was moderately higher (1.45‐ and 1.33‐fold, respectively) in the elderly subjects (≥75 years) compared with younger subjects. Renal clearance for filgotinib and its metabolite decreased with the degree of RI, leading to a maximum increase in AUC0–24 h of 1.54‐fold for filgotinib and 2.74‐fold for the metabolite in subjects with severe RI. Filgotinib was generally safe and well tolerated.ConclusionsAge and mild to moderate impairment of renal function had limited impact on the PK of filgotinib. In subjects with severe RI, the exposure to the metabolite of filgotinib was elevated, consistent with its renal elimination pathway.
Cross‐magnitude interactions across development: Longitudinal evidence for a general magnitude system
Authors: Lourenco Stella F , Aulet Lauren S 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere is general agreement that humans represent numerical, spatial, and temporal magnitudes from early in development. However, there is disagreement about whether different magnitudes converge within a general magnitude system and whether this system supports behavioral demonstrations of cross‐magnitude interactions at different developmental time points. Using a longitudinal design, we found a relation between children's cross‐magnitude interactions assessed at two developmental time points with different behavioral measures. More specifically, stronger cross‐magnitude interactions in infancy (M= 9.3 months) predicted a stronger cross‐magnitude congruity effect at preschool age (M= 44.2 months), even when controlling for performance on measures of inhibitory control, analogical reasoning, and verbal competence at preschool age. The results suggest a common mechanism for cross‐magnitude interactions at different points in development as well as stability of the underlying individual differences. We argue that this mechanism reflects a nonverbal general magnitude system that is operational early in life and that displays continuity from infancy to preschool age.
Cover Image, Volume 20, Issue 9
Authors: Han Ji H. , Shin Hanho , Rho Jun G. , Kim Jung‐Eun , Son Dong H. , Yoon Juhwan , Lee Yong J. , Park Jung‐Hyuck , Song Byung J. , Choi Chang‐Sik , Yoon Seul G. , Kim Il Y. , Lee Eun K. , Seong Je K. , Kim Ki W. , Kim Wook 
Published: August 2018

The cover image, by Ji H. Han et al., is based on the Original Article Peripheral cannabinoid 1 receptor blockade mitigates adipose tissue inflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse models of obesity, DOI: 10.1111/dom.13350.
image
ETF Competition and Market Quality
Authors: Box Travis , Davis Ryan L. , Fuller Kathleen P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper examines competition between exchange traded funds (ETFs) that hold nearly identical portfolios of securities. We provide evidence that incumbent‐fund liquidity is negatively affected when a new ETF is added to an asset class. The degradation in liquidity is even more severe whenever both funds follow the same benchmark. We also document a decline in primary‐market activity for the incumbent ETFs after the arrival of new competitors. Furthermore, increasing the number of funds in an asset class does not put downward pressure on fund management fees. Thus, the deterioration in market quality may not be offset by decreasing costs of fund ownership.
Effect of a medicines management model on medication‐related readmissions in older patients admitted to a medical acute admission unit—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Graabæk Trine , Hedegaard Ulla , Christensen Mikkel B. , Clemmensen Marianne H. , Knudsen Torben , Aagaard Lise 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesMedication‐related problems are frequent and can lead to serious adverse events resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. Medication use in frail older patients is even more complex. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a pharmacist‐led medicines management model among older patients at admission, during inpatient stay and at discharge on medication‐related readmissions.MethodA randomized controlled trial conducted at the acute admission unit in a Danish hospital with acutely admitted medical patients, randomized to either a control group or one of two intervention groups. The intervention consisted of pharmacist‐led medication review and patient interview upon admission (intervention ED) or pharmacist‐led medication review and patient interview upon admission, medication review during inpatient stay, and medication report and patient counselling at discharge (intervention STAY).ResultsIn total, 600 patients were included. The pharmacist identified 920 medication‐related problems with 57% of the recommendations accepted by the physician. After 30 days, 25 patients had a medication‐related readmission, with no statistical significant difference between the groups on either primary or secondary outcomes.ConclusionsThis study showed that a clinical pharmacist can be used to identify and solve medication‐related problems, but this study did not find any effect on the selected outcomes. The frequency of medication‐related readmissions was low, leaving little room for improvement. Future research should consider other study designs or outcome measures.
A step towards intelligent EBSD microscopy: machine‐learning prediction of twin activity in MgAZ31
Authors: SHARMA RISHABH , CHELLADURAI ISAAC , ORME ANDREW D. , MILES MICHAEL P. , GIRAUD‐CARRIER CHRISTOPHE , FULLWOOD DAVID T. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryAlthough microscopy is often treated as a quasi‐static exercise for obtaining a snapshot of events and structure, it is clear that a more dynamic approach, involving real‐time decision making for guiding the investigation process, may provide deeper insights, more efficiently. On the other hand, many applications of machine learning involve the interpretation of local circumstances from experience gained over many observations; that is, machine learning potentially provides an ideal solution for more efficient microscopy. This paper explores the potential for informing the microscope's observation strategy while characterising critical events. In particular, the identification of regions likely to experience twin activity (twin interaction with grain boundary) in AZ31 magnesium is attempted, from only local information. EBSD‐based observations in the neighbourhoods of twin activity are fed into a machine‐learning environment to inform the future search for such events, and the accuracy of the resultant decisions is quantified relative to the number of prior observations. The potential for utilising different types of local information, and their resultant value in the prediction process, is also assessed. After applying an attribute selection filter, and various other machine‐learning tools, a decision‐tree model is able to classify likely neighbourhoods of twin activity with 85% accuracy. The resultant framework provides the first step towards an intelligent microscopy for efficient observation of stochastic events during in situ microscopy campaigns.Lay descriptionOne role of artificial intelligence is to predict future events after learning from many previous observations. In materials science, various phenomena (such as crack nucleation) are difficult to predict because they have been insufficiently observed. Furthermore, observation is difficult, precisely because their location cannot be predicted, leading to a chicken and egg conundrum. This paper applies machine learning to the search for twin nucleation sites in a magnesium alloy, in an attempt to guide the observation of twin nucleation events in a microscope based on previous observations. As more data is obtained, the accuracy of the location prediction will increase. In the current case, the machine‐learning tool achieved 85% accuracy for predicting the location of twin interactions with grain boundaries after several thousand observations. The resultant framework provides the first step towards an intelligent microscopy for efficient observation of stochastic events during in situ microscopy campaigns.