bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mouths of others: The linguistic performance of race in Bermuda
Authors: Hall Rosemary 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the behaviour of one linguistic feature among one black and one white group of Bermudian men over the age of 50. The acoustic analysis of the mouth vowel, one of the most heavily stereotyped sounds of Bermudian English, is used as a window onto linguistic parody observed in the white group, a community of practice known locally for theatrical dialect performance. In combination with contextual analysis, and in light of social conditions in Bermuda, phonetic findings suggest that this linguistic practice is not only a performance of “Bermudian‐ness,” but also a performance of a racialized stereotype which reflects and reinforces the raciolinguistic hierarchies of contemporary Bermudian society. The paper introduces this under‐researched and unusual sociolinguistic setting to the literature on racialized mock language, as well as attesting further to the usefulness of methods that examine highly self‐conscious speech.
The Concept of Quality of Life as Framework for Implementing the UNCRPD
Authors: Lombardi Marco , Vandenbussche Hanne , Claes Claudia , Schalock Robert L. , De Maeyer Jessica , Vandevelde Stijn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSocietal views on the rights of persons with disabilities have changed over the last few decades. Evolutions are reflected in international conventions, as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) developed to guide policies and practices. However, knowledge about the implementation of the Convention remains limited. In addition, another important construct, quality of life (QOL), has gained increasing prominence in the field of disability. This construct has evolved from a sensitizing notion to a measurable construct that provides a framework to assist organization and systems transformation. The present research focused on the implementation of the UNCRPD articles to assist organizations and systems in the support provision practice. The study is a preliminary step toward implementation, looking for consensus on cross‐culturally referenced indicators of QOL outcomes. The methodology chosen to find cross‐cultural consensus was an international modified Delphi study to determine the relation and alignment among UN Convention articles, QOL domains, and measurable indicators. A total of 153 experts (self‐advocates, professionals, family members, academics, and experts in law) from 11 countries evaluated the indicators. The Delphi study resulted in finding at least one indicator per convention article/QOL domain pairing. Thus, an international pool of cross‐cultural indicators was identified to assist the implementation of the Convention articles. The study provides a first exploration of using the QOL framework to implement the UNCRPD. Although international indicators have been found per convention article/QOL pairing, challenges exist in regard to the further translation process into practice between policy and research, and vice versa. Efforts should continue to determine not only the relations among convention articles and measurable indicators, but also associated strategies for realizing the aim of the Convention in local policies and practices.
Niche‐based processes outperform neutral processes when predicting distance decay in co‐dominance along the Amazon – Andes rainforest gradient
Authors: Trujillo Ledy N. , Granzow‐de la Cerda Íñigo , Pardo Iker , Macía Manuel J. , Cala Victoria , Arellano Gabriel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuestionDispersal limitation (neutral hypothesis) and deterministic factors (niche hypothesis) shape floristic gradients including between‐site patterns of species’ dominance (co‐dominance). Because their relative importance remains poorly known, we ask how their comparative contribution to co‐dominance changes with elevation and geographical extent.LocationMadidi region, NW Bolivia.MethodsWe analysed floristic composition and environmental factors of 90 plots spanning the gradient from Amazonian (<1,000 m) to montane forests at three elevations (1,200–1,500; 2,000–2,300; and 2,800–3,200 m) and two geographical extents: local (plots <12 km apart) and regional (38–120 km apart). We modelled distance decay within each elevational band with a neutral model, using two parameters (speciation rate and dispersal distance). Subsequently, we related the model's residuals to environmental differences using flexible machine learning models.ResultsWe found that 5–44% of the variability in floristic differences along the gradient studied can be explained by a neutral model of distance decay, while 18–50% can be explained by environmental differences. Montane forests showed an overall gradient in floristic composition that is congruent with an increase in elevation for both dispersal limitation and environmental filtering. However, Amazonian forest was more niche‐structured and more dispersal‐limited relative to its elevation and topography.ConclusionsEnvironmental differences explained floristic differences better than the neutral model, even giving preferential attribution to the more parsimonious neutral processes.
Creativity and Conventionality in Heritage Speaker Bilingualism
Authors: Zyzik Eve 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article examines the performance of heritage speakers on a bimodal acceptability judgment task that targeted morphologically complex words. A major goal of the study was to compare participants’ acceptance of conventional and creative words. Data were collected from 57 adult heritage speakers of Spanish who were subsequently divided into two groups based on language dominance; 18 monolingual native speakers served as a control group. The data were analyzed with a mixed‐effects logistic regression model, which showed that item type (conventional vs. creative) had a very strong effect on participants’ performance. In addition, there were differences between Spanish‐dominant and English‐dominant heritage speakers, but only on the creative items. The results are discussed in relation to the Principle of Contrast (Clark, 1987) proposed for first language acquisition and the role of analogy in making acceptability judgments.
Attrition and Reactivation of a Childhood Language: The Case of Returnee Heritage Speakers
Authors: Flores Cristina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the dynamic nature of childhood bilingualism by analyzing oral speech from returnee heritage speakers (HSs) of Portuguese, who grew up in Germany, but moved to Portugal in childhood/adolescence. The first dataset from 14 speakers showed that the length of exposure to German predicted the rate of (in)accurate production of nominal inflection, indicating that the speakers’ morphological knowledge had not been sufficiently stabilized due to the return. The second dataset is from one returnee HS who was reimmersed in the German environment after a 4‐year stay in Portugal. The comparative analysis of the speaker's performance 13 months after moving away from Germany and 11 months after being reexposed to German revealed a significant decrease of inaccurate case, gender, and plural marking, which supports the hypothesis of restabilization of linguistic knowledge. Overall, the findings emphasize the effects of lack of exposure on the development of HSs’ bilingual competence.
Clinicopathological spectrum and recent advances in the treatment of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Koike Haruki , Fukami Yuki , Nishi Ryoji , Kawagashira Yuichi , Iijima Masahiro , Sobue Gen , Katsuno Masahisa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis, also known as familial amyloid polyneuropathy, is a disease caused by the systemic deposition of variant transthyretin (TTR). Although this disease was primarily indigenous to endemic foci in Portugal, Japan, and Sweden, its prevalence has increased throughout the world. The clinical phenotypes of ATTRv amyloidosis are diverse, including neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, and oculoleptomeningeal involvement as the predominant features, depending on the mutation type and age of onset. Val30Met, one of the most common TTR mutations, exhibits varying characteristic features in the early‐onset patients from conventional endemic foci and the late‐onset patients from non‐endemic areas. Autonomic dysfunctions and dissociated sensory loss are the characteristic features of the former, whereas motor dysfunctions and loss of all sensory modalities are conspicuous in the latter. Distortion and atrophy of the Schwann cells due to the formation of amyloid fibrils seem to cause predominant small‐fiber loss in the early‐onset patients, while other mechanisms, such as microangiopathy and the toxicity of TTR oligomers, may contribute to nerve fiber loss in the late‐onset patients. In addition to liver transplantation, novel and less invasive disease‐modifying therapies, such as TTR stabilizers, short interfering RNA, and antisense oligonucleotide, have been shown to be effective in ATTRv amyloidosis patients. Given their ability to ameliorate ATTRv amyloidosis, early diagnosis and treatment are required. Physicians should be aware of the diversity in ATTRv amyloidosis because this disease can be misdiagnosed with other diseases such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and immunoglobulin light‐chain amyloidosis.
Plant carbon assimilation rates in atmospheric CO2 reconstructions
Authors: Reichgelt Tammo , D'Andrea William J. 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Fossil plant gas‐exchange‐based CO2 reconstructions use carbon (C) assimilation rates of extant plant species as substitutes for assimilation rates of fossil plants. However, assumptions in model species adoption can lead to systematic error propagation.

We used a dataset of c. 2500 extant species to investigate the role of phylogenetic relatedness and ecology in determining C assimilation, an essential variable in gas‐exchange‐based CO2 models. We evaluated the effect on random and systematic error propagation in atmospheric CO2 caused by adopting different model species.

Phylogenetic relatedness, growth form, and solar exposure are important predictors of C assimilation rate. CO2 reconstructions that apply C assimilation rates from modern species based solely on phylogenetic relatedness to fossil species can result in CO2 estimates that are systematically biased by a factor of > 2.

C assimilation rates used in CO2 reconstructions should be determined by averaging assimilation rates of modern plant species that are (1) in the same family and (2) have a similar habit and habitat as the fossil plant. In addition, systematic bias potential and random error propagation are greatly reduced when CO2 is reconstructed from multiple fossil plant species with different modern relatives at the same site.
Resolution of diagnosis and parental attitudes among parents of adolescent kidney recipients
Authors: Leblond Marie , Achille Marie , Béliveau Marie‐Julie , Clermont Marie‐José , Blydt‐Hansen Tom 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe diagnosis of a chronic illness is described as an upsetting event that implies an emotional crisis for parents. Some are able to come to terms with their child's chronic condition and feel a sense of resolution, but for others, strong negative emotions persist through time. The present study examines diagnostic resolution among parents of teenagers with a transplant. The design was qualitative and involved individual interviews with nine parents. Five were donor to their child. Data were analyzed according to the principles of IPA. Early reactions to the diagnosis suggest that parents with an unresolved status experienced trauma. Many factors seem to contribute to diagnostic resolution such as good communication between spouses, positive relationship with the medical staff, and being the parent donor. For all parents, concerns over adherence are central to their relationship with their youth. Results call attention to the support needs of all parents and particularly those with an unresolved status.
Governing the Governors: The Global Metagovernance of Fair Trade and Sustainable Forestry Production
Authors: Murphy‐Gregory Hannah , Gale Fred 
Published: May 2019

To promote environmentally sustainable corporate behavior, a complex system of global private governance operates where civil society groups play dominant roles. We argue that the concept of “metagovernance” developed in the public administration literature helps scholars and practitioners make sense of the constellation of actors, structures, and processes that have emerged in the field of global private governance. This article advances the metagovernance research agenda by providing a comparative application of the concept to two global private governance schemes: the fair trade and sustainable forest product certification systems. We examine the key organizations, arrangements, and relationships that constitute these systems to demonstrate that metagovernance in this sphere is produced heterarchically: multiple organizations within global private governance schemes are mutually responsible for their own coordination. We argue that employing metagovernance as an analytical tool enables the identification and appraisal of the strengths and weaknesses of complex systems for “the governance of governance” from a holistic perspective.Related ArticlesAlejo, Antonio. 2019. “Contemporary Diplomacy, Global Politics, and Nongovernmental Actors: Dilemmas of the Multistakeholder Mechanism of Participation in Mexico.”Politics & Policy47 (1): 105‐126.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12284Bance, Philippe, and Angelique Chassy. 2017. “The Rollout of the Multilevel Governance System: A Source of Reworking the Contingent Valuation Method?”Politics & Policy45 (6): 1080‐1107.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12236Burau, Viola, and Carole Clavier. 2018. “Understanding Gaps in the Coexistence between Different Modes of Governance: A Case Study of Public Health in Schools in a Multilevel System.”Politics & Policy46: 604‐629.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12269Related MediaFLOCERT. N.d. “How it Works.”https://www.flocert.net/solutions/fairtrade-resources/how-it-works/Forest Stewardship Council. N.d. “Who We Are.”https://ca.fsc.org/en-ca/about-usfsc‐watch.com. 2016. “Jari Certificate Suspension: Why Was it Ever Certified in the First Place?”https://fsc-watch.com/2015/12/22/jari-certificate-suspension-why-was-it-ever-certified-in-the-first-place/
Maintenance of optimised hair growth from viable terminal scalp hair follicles at baseline with oral finasteride in male pattern hair loss and first evidence of a “drug dependency” and a post‐finasteride “rebound effect”
Authors: Van Neste Dominique 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnalytical measures for the pharmacodynamics understanding of drug induced scalp hair responses are lacking.Materials and methodsThe present study measured in detail dynamics of hair productivity on two scalp test sites showing male pattern hair loss. The natural regression decay rate established after 2 years without treatment was followed by treatment with daily oral intake of 1 mg finasteride.ResultsWhile terminal hair (diameter ≥40 μm) were maintained “on‐drug,” within 30 months “off‐drug” MPHL significantly worsened as 94% terminal hair miniaturised and became unproductive. Accordingly, the viable drug responding follicles were qualified as “finasteride dependent” unravelling a hereto unreported “rebound effect” after interruption of the drug intake. Interestingly, the transformation of terminal hair into miniaturised hair occurred only after 12 months without treatment, that is the time necessary to complete a clinically significant full hair cycle initiated during the drug intake. This explains why exogen hair release and miniaturisation occurred only between 12 and 30 months “off‐drug” while resistant hair grew also slower.ConclusionDrug dependency and rebound phenomenon are new findings along with evidence against the hypothesis claiming that terminal hair growth arises from initial vellus hair follicles in drug‐treated MPHL.
Isn't a Flood a “Rainy Day?” Does the Political Nature of Disasters Impact the Use of States’ Rainy Day Funds?
Authors: Pope JoEllen V. , Leland Suzanne M. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo determine if state governments utilize rainy day funds (RDFs) for political purposes in the aftermath of disasters rather than their intended purpose of combating state cyclical economic downturns.MethodsThis research draws from multiple state‐level data sources to construct a panel data set from 1992 to 2010.ResultsDisaster damage, relief funds, and politics all influence the usage of states’ RDFs. We also find that the RDF balance is lower when disaster damages increase, when it is an election year, and the same party holds party control of the governor and legislature.ConclusionThe findings of this empirical research are consistent with the literature about the importance state‐level politics plays in the use of state stabilization funds intended for cyclical economic downturns as opposed to providing more politically expedient disaster relief.
Refinement of estimates of mortality risk using the Radiologic Severity Index in hematologic malignancy patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Sheshadri Ajay , Karimipour Mahtab , Vakil Erik , Bashoura Lara , Godoy Myrna , Arain Muhammad H. , Evans Scott E. , Dickey Burton F. , Ost David E. , Chemaly Roy F. , Faiz Saadia A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundImmunocompromised hematologic malignancy (HM) patients experience high mortality after respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). We measured radiologic severity to determine whether it could improve the performance of 60‐day mortality models based only upon immunodeficiency severity.MethodsWe studied 155 HM patients, including 84 hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, who developed RSV LRTI from 2001 to 2013. We measured immunodeficiency using lymphopenia (lymphocyte count <200 cells/mm3), Immunodeficiency Severity Index (ISI), and Severe Immunodeficiency (SID) criteria. Radiologic severity was measured by the Radiologic Severity Index (RSI, range 0‐72) at time of LRTI (baseline‐RSI) and peak severity (peak‐RSI). Delta‐RSI was defined as the difference between baseline‐RSI and peak‐RSI. We used logistic regression models to measure the association of immunodeficiency and RSI with 60‐day all‐cause mortality, and measured model discrimination using areas under the receiver‐operating characteristics curves, calibration using Brier scores, and explained variance using pseudo‐R2 values.ResultsForty‐one patients died within 60 days of RSV LRTI. Severe immunodeficiency was associated with higher mortality. Peak‐RSI (odds ratio [OR] 1.06/point, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04‐1.08), and delta‐RSI (OR 1.07/point, 95% CI 1.05‐1.10) were associated with 60‐day mortality after RSV LRTI, but not baseline‐RSI. Addition of peak‐RSI or delta‐RSI to baseline immunodeficiency improved the discrimination, calibration, and explained variance (P < 0.001) of 60‐day mortality models.ConclusionsAlthough baseline immunodeficiency in HM patients helps predict 60‐day mortality after RSV LRTI, mortality risk estimates can be further refined by also measuring LRTI progression using RSI. RSI is well‐suited as a marker of LRTI severity in RSV infection.
Inconsistent outcome reporting in large neonatal trials: a systematic review
Authors: Webbe James William Harrison , Ali Shohaib , Sakonidou Susanna , Webbe Thomas , Duffy James M N , Brunton Ginny , Modi Neena , Gale Chris 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveInconsistent outcome selection and reporting in clinical trials are important sources of research waste; it is not known how common this problem is in neonatal trials. Our objective was to determine whether large clinical trials involving infants receiving neonatal care report a consistent set of outcomes, how composite outcomes are used and whether parents or former patients were involved in outcome selection.DesignA literature search of CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE was conducted; randomised trials published between 1 July 2012 and 1 July 2017 and involving at least 100 infants in each arm were included. Outcomes and outcome measures were extracted and categorised by physiological system; reported former patient and parent involvement in outcome selection was extracted.ResultsSeventy-six trials involving 43 126 infants were identified; 216 different outcomes with 889 different outcome measures were reported. Outcome reporting covered all physiological systems but was variable between individual trials: only 67/76 (88%) of trials reported survival and 639 outcome measures were only reported in a single trial. Thirty-three composite outcomes were used in 41 trials. No trials reported former patient or parent involvement in outcome selection.ConclusionsInconsistent outcome reporting and a lack of parent and former patient involvement in outcome selection in neonatal clinical trials limits the ability of such trials to answer clinically meaningful questions. Developing and implementing a core outcome set for future neonatal trials, with input from all stakeholders, should address these issues.
Cervus and cucumis peptides ameliorates bone erosion in experimental arthritis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Lin Ze-Min , Liu Yu-Ting , Xu Yan-Sheng , Yang Xiao-Qian , Zhu Feng-Hua , Tang Wei , He Shi-Jun , Zuo Jian-Ping 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation and bone loss, leading to joint destruction and deformity. The cervus and cucumis polypeptide (CCP) injection, one of the traditional Chinese medicine injections combined extracts from deer horn and sweet melon seeds, is widely used to treat arthritis and bone fracture in China. The present study investigated the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of CCP on pathological immune cells and bone homoeostasis in rodent experimental arthritis.MethodsThe effects of CCP (4 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg) on clinical arthritis symptoms, bone erosion, proinflammatory cytokines and pathological immune cells induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant was evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The impacts of CCP (2 mg/kg) on joint erythema and swelling, production of pathogenic antibodies and the proportion of inflammatory cells were assessed in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice. Regulation of osteoclastogenesis by CCP was observed in the murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells treated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF).ResultsCCP administration significantly prevented disease progression in both adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats and CIA mice. The therapeutic benefits were accompanied by reduction of paw oedema, reversed bone destruction, decreased pathological changes and osteoclast numbers in joints in AIA rats, as well as attenuated clinical manifestation and autoantibodies production in CIA mice. Meanwhile, in vitro supplemented of CCP concentration dependently inhibited RANKL/M-CSF-induced osteoclast differentiation, without showing cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells. Further, the presence of CCP dampened the augmented downstream signalling transduction as well as activation of osteoclast-specific genes and transcription factors induced by RANKL/M-CSF in RAW264.7 cells.ConclusionOur study suggested that the therapeutic effects of CCP in experimental arthritis could be attributed to its intervention on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis signalling pathway in osteoclast precursor cells.