bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimate partner violence as a mechanism underlying the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment among economically disadvantaged mothers and their adolescent daughters
Authors: Adams Tangeria R. , Handley Elizabeth D. , Manly Jody Todd , Cicchetti Dante , Toth Sheree L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractChild maltreatment represents a pervasive societal problem. Exposure to maltreatment is predictive of maladjustment across development with enduring negative effects found in adulthood. Compelling evidence suggests that some parents with a history of child abuse and neglect are at elevated risk for the maltreatment of their own children. However, a dearth of research currently exists on mediated mechanisms that may underlie this continuity. Ecological and transactional theories of child maltreatment propose that child maltreatment is multiply determined by various risk factors that exist across different ecological systems. Intimate partner violence (IPV) often co-occurs with child maltreatment and may represent a pathway through which risk for child abuse and neglect is transmitted across generations within a family. Informed by theories on the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment and utilizing a community-based, cross-sectional sample of 245 racially and ethnically diverse, low-income mothers and daughters, the objective of this study was to investigate IPV as a propagating process through which risk of child abuse and neglect is conferred from parent to child. We found evidence suggesting that mothers’ history of maltreatment is associated with both their IPV involvement and their adolescent daughters’ maltreatment victimization (with exposure to IPV as a maltreatment subtype excluded for clarity). Maternal IPV also partially accounted for the continuity of maltreatment victimization from mother to adolescent. A secondary analysis that included the adolescent's own engagement in dating violence provided compelling but preliminary evidence of the emergence of a similar pattern of relational violence, whereby adolescent girls with maltreatment histories were likewise involved in abusive intimate relationships. Future directions and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Population and geography do matter for sustainable development
Authors: La Torre Davide , Liuzzi Danilo , Marsiglio Simone 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of a simple model of macroeconomic geography in which demography and pollution dynamics mutually affect each other. Pollution, by reducing the carrying capacity of the natural environment – which determines the maximum amount of people a given location can effectively bear – crucially affects labor force dynamics which in turn alter the amount of resources available for abatement activities aiming to reduce pollution. Such mutual links determine the eventual sustainability of the development process in different locations and economies, and spatial interactions further complicate the picture. We show that neglecting the existence of mutual feedback between population and pollution leads to misleading conclusions about the eventual sustainability of a specific location. We also show that even neglecting the existence of spatial externalities can lead to misleading conclusions about the sustainability of different regions in the spatial economy. This suggests thus that both the nature of the population and pollution relationship and geographical factors may play a critical role in the process of sustainable development.
Maternal undernutrition results in altered renal pro-inflammatory gene expression concomitant with hypertension in adult male offspring that is ameliorated following pre-weaning growth hormone treatment
Authors: Zhang X. D. , Reynolds C. M. , Gray C. , Li M. , Vickers M. H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn adverse early life environment is associated with increased cardiovascular disease in offspring. Work in animal models has shown that maternal undernutrition (UN) during pregnancy leads to hypertension in adult offspring, with effects thought to be mediated in part via altered renal function. We have previously shown that growth hormone (GH) treatment of UN offspring during the pre-weaning period can prevent the later development of cardiometabolic disorders. However, the mechanistic basis for these observations is not well defined. The present study examined the impact of GH treatment on renal inflammatory markers in adult male offspring as a potential mediator of these reversal effects. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a chow diet fed ad libitum (CON) or at 50% of CON intake (UN) during pregnancy. All dams were fed the chow diet ad libitum during lactation. CON and UN pups received saline (CON-S/UN-S) or GH (2.5 µg/g/day; CON-GH/UN-GH) from postnatal day 3 until weaning (p21). Post-weaning males were fed a standard chow diet for the remainder of the study (150 days). Histological analysis was performed to examine renal morphological characteristics, and gene expression of inflammatory and vascular markers were assessed. There was evidence of renal hypotrophy and reduced nephron number in the UN-S group. Tumour necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecular-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 gene expression was increased in UN-S offspring and normalized in the UN-GH group. These findings indicate that pre-weaning GH treatment has the potential to normalize some of the adverse renal and cardiovascular sequelae that arise as a consequence of poor maternal nutrition.
Translating the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease concept to improve the nutritional environment for our next generations: a call for a reflexive, positive, multi-level approach
Authors: McKerracher L. , Moffat T. , Barker M. , Williams D. , Sloboda D. M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEvidence supporting the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis indicates that improving early life environments can reduce non-communicable disease risks and improve health over the lifecourse. A widespread understanding of this evidence may help to reshape structures, guidelines and individual behaviors to better the developmental conditions for the next generations. Yet, few efforts have yet been made to translate the DOHaD concept beyond the research community. To understand why, and to identify priorities for DOHaD Knowledge Translation (KT) programs, we review here a portion of published descriptions of DOHaD KT efforts and critiques thereof. We focus on KT targeting people equipped to apply DOHaD knowledge to their everyday home or work lives. We identified 17 reports of direct-to-public DOHaD KT that met our inclusion criteria. Relevant KT programs have been or are being initiated in nine countries, most focusing on secondary school students or care-workers-in-training; few target parents-to-be. Early indicators suggest that such programs can empower participants. Main critiques of DOHaD KT suggest it may overburden mothers with responsibility for children’s health and health environments, minimizing the roles of other people and institutions. Simultaneously, though, many mothers-to-be seek reliable guidance on prenatal health and nutrition, and would likely benefit from engagement with DOHaD KT. We thus recommend emphasizing solidarity, and bringing together people likely to one day become parents (youth), people planning pregnancies, expecting couples, care workers and policymakers into empowering conversation about DOHaD and about the importance and complexity of early life environments.
Mobility Parameter and Sand Grain Size Effect on Sediment Transport Over Vortex Ripples in the Orbital Regime
Authors: Dimas Athanassios A. , Leftheriotis Georgios A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe objective of this numerical study is the assessment of the effect of the mobility parameter ψ and the ratio ao/Dg (ao is the orbital amplitude and Dg is the sand grain diameter) on sediment transport induced by oscillatory flow over orbital vortex ripples. A large eddy simulation model was employed for the coupled simulation of the three‐dimensional turbulent oscillatory flow and the corresponding bed and suspended sediment transport. The immersed boundary method was implemented for the imposition of fluid flow and suspended sediment transport boundary conditions on the bed surface. Results are presented for oscillatory flow over fixed ripples with dimensions based on three values of ψ and for three cases of ao/Dg that span the range of typical values for vortex ripples in the orbital regime. It was found that the net bed load (nondimensional), qb, was always in the onshore direction and its magnitude decreased with increasing ao/Dg, while the effect of ψ on qb was stronger for ψ < 50 than for ψ > 50. On the other hand, the net suspended load (nondimensional), qs, was always in the offshore direction, and its magnitude increased with increasing ψ and increasing ao/Dg. The relative contribution of bed load versus suspended load on the total sediment load was found to depend on both ψ and ao/Dg, and the distinction between bed and suspended load dominance was quantified with a single parameter based on the ratio of the free‐stream velocity to the sand grain settling velocity.
Estrogen modulates serotonin effects on vasoconstriction through Src inhibition
Authors: Kim Jae Gon , Leem Young-Eun , Kwon Ilmin , Kang Jong-Sun , Bae Young Min , Cho Hana 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEstrogen has diverse effects on cardiovascular function, including regulation of the contractile response to vasoactive substances such as serotonin. The serotonin system recently emerged as an important player in the regulation of vascular tone in humans. However, hyperreactivity to serotonin appears to be a critical factor for the pathophysiology of hypertension. In this study, we examined the modulatory mechanisms of estrogen in serotonin-induced vasoconstriction by using a combinatory approach of isometric tension measurements, molecular biology, and patch-clamp techniques. 17β-Estradiol (E2) elicited a significant and concentration-dependent relaxation of serotonin-induced contraction in deendothelialized aortic strips isolated from male rats. E2 triggered a relaxation of serotonin-induced contraction even in the presence of tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist, suggesting that E2-induced changes are not mediated by estrogen receptor. Patch-clamp studies in rat arterial myocytes showed that E2 prevented Kv channel inhibition induced by serotonin. Serotonin increased Src activation in arterial smooth muscle required for contraction, which was significantly inhibited by E2. The estrogen receptor-independent inhibition of Src by E2 was confirmed in HEK293T cells that do not express estrogen receptor. Taken together, these results suggest that estrogen exerts vasodilatory effects on serotonin-precontracted arteries via Src, implying a critical role for estrogen in the prevention of vascular hyperreactivity to serotonin.
Large scale hybrid Monte Carlo simulations for structure and property prediction
Authors: Prokhorenko Sergei , Kalke Kruz , Nahas Yousra , Bellaiche Laurent 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Monte Carlo method is one of the first and most widely used algorithms in modern computational physics. In condensed matter physics, the particularly popular flavor of this technique is the Metropolis Monte Carlo scheme. While being incredibly robust and easy to implement, the Metropolis sampling is not well-suited for situations where energy and force evaluations are computationally demanding. In search for a more efficient technique, we here explore the performance of Hybrid Monte Carlo sampling, an algorithm widely used in quantum electrodynamics, as a structure prediction scheme for systems with long-range interactions. Our results show that the Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm stands out as an excellent computational scheme that can not only significantly outperform the Metropolis sampling but also complement molecular dynamics in materials science applications, while allowing ultra-large-scale simulations of systems containing millions of particles.
Reversible conductivity recovery of highly sensitive flexible devices by water vapor
Authors: Wang Yuting , Su Yingchun , Wang Zegao , Zhang Zhongyang , Han Xiaojun , Dong Mingdong , Cui Lifeng , Chen Menglin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWith decreasing size of integrated circuits in wearable electronic devices, the circuit is more susceptible to aging or fracture problem, subsequently decreasing the transmission efficiency of electricity. Micro-healing represents a good approach to solve this problem. Herein, we report a water vapor method to repair microfiber-based electrodes by precise positioning and rapid healing at their original fracture sites. To realize this micro-level conducting healing, we utilize a bimaterial composed of polymeric microfibers as healing agents and electrically conductive species on its surface. This composite electrode shows a high-performance conductivity, great transparency, and ultra-flexibility. The transmittance of our electrode could reach up to 88 and 90% with a sheet resistance of 1 and 2.8 Ω sq−1, respectively, which might be the best performance among Au-based materials as we know. Moreover, after tensile failure, water vapor is introduced to mediate heat transfer for the healing process, and within seconds the network electrode could be healed along with recovering of its resistance. The recovering process could be attributed to the combination of adhesion force and capillary force at this bimaterial interface. Finally, this functional network is fabricated as a wearable pressure/ strain sensing device. It shows excellent stretchability and mechanical durability upon 1000 cycles.
Skeletal muscle stem cells in comfort and stress
Authors: Evano Brendan , Tajbakhsh Shahragim 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInvestigations on developmental and regenerative myogenesis have led to major advances in decrypting stem cell properties and potential, as well as their interactions within the evolving niche. As a consequence, regenerative myogenesis has provided a forum to investigate intrinsic regulators of stem cell properties as well as extrinsic factors, including stromal cells, during normal growth and following injury and disease. Here we review some of the latest advances in the field that have exposed fundamental processes including regulation of stress following trauma and ageing, senescence, DNA damage control and modes of symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions. Recent studies have begun to explore the nature of the niche that is distinct in different muscle groups, and that is altered from prenatal to postnatal stages, and during ageing. We also discuss heterogeneities among muscle stem cells and how distinct properties within the quiescent and proliferating cell states might impact on homoeostasis and regeneration. Interestingly, cellular quiescence, which was thought to be a passive cell state, is regulated by multiple mechanisms, many of which are deregulated in various contexts including ageing. These and other factors including metabolic activity and genetic background can impact on the efficiency of muscle regeneration.
Homeogene emx1 is required for nephron distal segment development in zebrafish
Authors: Morales Elvin E. , Handa Nicole , Drummond Bridgette E. , Chambers Joseph M. , Marra Amanda N. , Addiego Amanda , Wingert Rebecca A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVertebrate kidneys contain nephron functional units where specialized epithelial cell types are organized into segments with discrete physiological roles. Many gaps remain in our understanding of how segment regions develop. Here, we report that the transcription factor empty spiracles homeobox gene 1 (emx1) is a novel nephron segment regulator during embryonic kidney development in zebrafish. emx1 loss of function altered the domains of distal segments without changes in cell turnover or traits like size and morphology, indicating that emx1 directs distal segment fates during nephrogenesis. In exploring how emx1 influences nephron patterning, we found that retinoic acid (RA), a morphogen that induces proximal and represses distal segments, negatively regulates emx1 expression. Next, through a series of genetic studies, we found that emx1 acts downstream of a cascade involving mecom and tbx2b, which encode essential distal segment transcription factors. Finally, we determined that emx1 regulates the expression domains of irx3b and irx1a to control distal segmentation, and sim1a to control corpuscle of Stannius formation. Taken together, our work reveals for the first time that emx1 is a key component of the pronephros segmentation network, which has implications for understanding the genetic regulatory cascades that orchestrate vertebrate nephron patterning.
Highly sensitive ammonia sensor for diagnostic purpose using reduced graphene oxide and conductive polymer
Authors: Ly Tan Nhiem , Park Sangkwon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, we fabricate ammonia sensors based on hybrid thin films of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and conducting polymers using the Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) technique. The RGO is first prepared using hydrazine (Hy) and/or pyrrole (Py) as the reducing agents, and the resulting pyrrole-reduced RGO (Py-RGO) is then hybridized with polyaniline (PANI) and/or polypyrrole (PPy) by in-situ polymerization. The four different thin films of Hy-RGO, Py-RGO, Py-RGO/PANI, and Py-RGO/PPy are deposited on interdigitated microelectrodes by the LS techniques, and their structures are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results of ammonia sensing experiments indicate that the Py-RGO/PANI film exhibits the highest sensor response of these four films, and that it exhibits high reproducibility, high linearity of concentration dependency, and a very low detection limit (0.2 ppm) both in N2 and exhaled air environments. The current gas sensor, therefore, has potential for diagnostic purposes because it has the additional advantages of facile fabrication, ease of use at room temperature, and portability compared to conventional high-sensitivity ammonia sensors.
Global analysis of tRNA and translation factor expression reveals a dynamic landscape of translational regulation in human cancers
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Ye Youqiong , Gong Jing , Ruan Hang , Liu Chun-Jie , Xiang Yu , Cai Chunyan , Guo An-Yuan , Ling Jiqiang , Diao Lixia , Weinstein John N. , Han Leng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe protein translational system, including transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and several categories of enzymes, plays a key role in regulating cell proliferation. Translation dysregulation also contributes to cancer development, though relatively little is known about the changes that occur to the translational system in cancer. Here, we present global analyses of tRNAs and three categories of enzymes involved in translational regulation in ~10,000 cancer patients across 31 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas. By analyzing the expression levels of tRNAs at the gene, codon, and amino acid levels, we identified unequal alterations in tRNA expression, likely due to the uneven distribution of tRNAs decoding different codons. We find that overexpression of tRNAs recognizing codons with a low observed-over-expected ratio may overcome the translational bottleneck in tumorigenesis. We further observed overall overexpression and amplification of tRNA modification enzymes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and translation factors, which may play synergistic roles with overexpression of tRNAs to activate the translational systems across multiple cancer types.
Glyoxalase activity in human erythrocytes and mouse lymphoma, liver and brain probed with hyperpolarized 13C-methylglyoxal
Authors: Shishmarev Dmitry , Kuchel Philip W. , Pagès Guilhem , Wright Alan J. , Hesketh Richard L. , Kreis Felix , Brindle Kevin M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMethylglyoxal is a faulty metabolite. It is a ubiquitous by-product of glucose and amino acid metabolism that spontaneously reacts with proximal amino groups in proteins and nucleic acids, leading to impairment of their function. The glyoxalase pathway evolved early in phylogeny to bring about rapid catabolism of methylglyoxal, and an understanding of the role of methylglyoxal and the glyoxalases in many diseases is beginning to emerge. Metabolic processing of methylglyoxal is very rapid in vivo and thus notoriously difficult to detect and quantify. Here we show that 13C nuclei in labeled methylglyoxal can be hyperpolarized using dynamic nuclear polarization, providing 13C nuclear magnetic resonance signal enhancements in the solution state close to 5,000-fold. We demonstrate the applications of this probe of metabolism for kinetic characterization of the glyoxalase system in isolated cells as well as mouse brain, liver and lymphoma in vivo.
Indikationen und essenzielle Techniken zur prähospitalen Immobilisation der Wirbelsäule
Authors: Weißleder Anne , Hossfeld Björn , Treffer Dominik 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungVerletzungen von Wirbelsäule und Rückenmark treten gehäuft bei polytraumatisierten Patienten auf. Da die Möglichkeiten der Diagnostik prähospital deutlich eingeschränkt sind, müssen derartige Verletzungsmuster durch den Notfallmediziner antizipiert werden. Dieser Artikel stellt wesentliche Befunde im Kontext der Wirbelsäulenverletzung dar und nennt Indikationen und Limitationen sowie etablierte Techniken zur prähospitalen Immobilisation der Wirbelsäule.
Assessment of Exercise Capacity in Children with Type 1 Diabetes in the Cooper Running Test
Authors: Michalak Arkadiusz , Gawrecki Andrzej , Gałczyński Szymon , Nowaczyk Jędrzej , Mianowska Beata , Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz Dorota , Szadkowska Agnieszka 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRegular physical activity increases lifespan for those with type 1 diabetes. However, disease-related barriers may deter children from exercise and affect their fitness. This study examined the safety of the Cooper test concerning diabetes-related acute complications in children with type 1 diabetes and their fitness. Blood glucose was recorded before and 0, 30, 60 min after the test. The covered distances were transformed to z-scores based on the national charts. Body mass index, body fat percentage and glycated hemoglobin were measured. The run was completed by 80 individuals (45% boys, age 13.6±2.1 years; diabetes duration 6.3±3.5 years). During the follow-up 11 children reached glucose alert values (3–3.9 mmol/L), 3 presented clinically significant hypoglycemia (<3 mmol/L), none experienced severe hypoglycemia. The covered distance was 1914±298 m, not significantly different from the reference population (z-score −0.12±0.71 vs 0, p=0.12). The study participants were more overweight than general pediatric population in terms of body mass index (z-score 0.48±0.94 vs 0, p<0.001) and body fat percentage (z-score: 0.37±0.85 vs 0, p<0.001). In conclusion, the Cooper test can be safely used in children with diabetes to assess their physical capacity. Youth with type 1 diabetes present fitness similar to healthy children but exhibit increased body mass index and adiposity.