bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oro‐dental characteristics in patients with hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome compared to a healthy control group
Authors: Honoré Michelle Bornemann , Lauridsen Eva Fejerskov , Sonnesen Liselotte 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundEhlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a hereditary disorder that affects the connective tissue and collagen structures in the body characterised by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility and tissue fragility.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the oro‐dental characteristics including measurements of tooth size of 26 patients with hypermobile EDS (hEDS), differentiated by a genetic test, compared to 39 healthy controls.MethodsInterview, clinical and radiological examination on panoramic radiograph and cone‐beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scan were performed. Statistical analyses included Fisher's exact test, paired t test and multiple logistic and linear models adjusted for age and gender.ResultsThe experience of xerostomia (P = 0.039), local anaesthetic insufficiency (P < 0.001) and tooth extraction complications (P < 0.003) were significantly higher in hEDS compared to controls. The debris index was significantly higher in hEDS (P < 0.001), and the distance between the cement‐enamel junction (CEJ) and the bone level on the upper left first incisor and molar and the lower right first molar was significantly larger in hEDS compared to controls (P = 0.021, P = 0.024, P = 0.021, respectively). The crown heights of the upper and lower first incisors were significantly smaller (P = 0.001, P = 0.003, P = 0.002, P < 0.001, respectively) in hEDS compared to controls. When adjusting for debris index, only the distance between CEJ and the marginal bone level on the upper left and lower right molar was associated with hEDS. ConclusionThe results indicate that xerostomia, resistance to local anaesthesia, tooth extraction complications, poor oral hygiene, larger distance between CEJ and marginal bone level and small crown heights can be found in patients with hEDS.
Impact of immunodeficiency on lingual carcinogenesis and lymph node metastasis in mice
Authors: Wang Shan , Li Fang , Qiang Dongxia , Hu Zheng , Meng Yan , Shi Lei , Zhao Eryang , Niu Yumei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeCarcinogenesis is mostly accompanied by inflammation and is shaped by immune responses, where the host immune system does not always appear to be a powerful active tool. Some studies have identified that T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment are indispensable for the process of distant metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the contradictory role of the immune system and to examine the impact of immunodeficiency on carcinogenesis and lymph node metastasis in mouse models.MethodsBALB/c mice, BALB/c nude mice, and CB‐17SCID mice were treated with 50 mg/L 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4NQO) in drinking water for 16 weeks followed by distilled water until 38 weeks. Three mice per group were sacrificed biweekly or every four weeks from week 4, and tongue lesions and regional lymph node metastases were evaluated.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the histological examination of carcinogenesis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice exposed to 4NQO. However, development of cancer in immunodeficient mice (12 weeks) was earlier than that in immunocompetent mice (28 weeks). Local lymph metastases were observed after 36 weeks in immunocompetent BALB/c mice as opposed to after 18 weeks in immunodeficient mice.ConclusionImmunodeficiency could remarkably advance carcinogenic progression and lymph node metastasis but might not accelerate lymph node metastasis progression.
How Is Religiousness Associated With Adolescent Risk‐Taking? The Roles of Emotion Regulation and Executive Function
Authors: Holmes Christopher , Brieant Alexis , King‐Casas Brooks , Kim‐Spoon Jungmeen 
Published: June 2019

Existing literature has demonstrated an association between higher adolescent religiousness and lower risk‐taking via higher self‐regulation. This study sought to elucidate the roles of emotion regulation and executive function as parallel mediators in the link between religiousness and risk‐taking in a sample of 167 adolescents (mean age = 14.13 years, 52% male, 82% White at Time 1). Longitudinal results across three waves utilizing structural equation modeling indicated higher religiousness was associated with higher emotion regulation, whereas religiousness was not associated with executive function. Subsequently, higher emotion regulation and executive function were associated with lower risk‐taking. Emotion regulation mediated the association between religiousness and risk‐taking. The findings highlight religiousness as a contextual protective factor for adolescents.
Parent Psychological Distress: A Moderator of Behavioral Health Intervention Outcomes among Justice‐Involved Adolescents
Authors: Ng Mei Yi , Tolou‐Shams Marina , Galbraith Katharine , Brown Larry K. 
Published: June 2019

We examined whether pre‐existing parent psychological distress moderated juvenile offenders’ substance use, sexual risk, and mental health outcomes in a randomized trial. Forty‐seven parent–adolescent dyads received either Family‐based Affect Management Intervention (FAMI) for adolescent substance use and HIV prevention or adolescent‐only Health Promotion Intervention (HPI). Parents’ self‐reported distress at baseline significantly moderated adolescents’ self‐reported marijuana use and alcohol use but not other outcomes at 3 months postintervention, producing crossover interactions. FAMI outperformed HPI when parents reported high‐level distress, whereas HPI outperformed FAMI when parents reported low‐level distress. This finding that the relative efficacy of interventions depends on the severity of parent psychological distress could inform efforts to match substance‐using, justice‐involved adolescents with the intervention most likely to benefit them.
Social Inclusion of Refugee and Native Peers Among Adolescents: It is the Language that Matters!
Authors: Beißert Hanna , Gönültaş Seçil , Mulvey Kelly Lynn 
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the role of refugee status and language skills for adolescents’ inclusion or exclusion decisions in hypothetical intergroup scenarios. 100 German adolescents (Mage = 13.65 years,SD = 1.93) were presented three scenarios in which groups of adolescents are planning leisure time activities, and peers from their own country (Germany) versus another country (Syrian refugees) with either good or bad German skills want to join them. Whereas adolescents’ inclusion decisions did not differ between the German protagonist and the Syrian one with good German skills, the Syrian protagonist with bad German skills was less likely to be included than either of the other two. These findings have implications for understanding the role of language in adolescents’ inclusion decisions.
A genome‐wide association study on low susceptibility to hepatitis C virus infection (GEHEP012 study)
Authors: Real Luis M. , Fernández‐Fuertes Marta , Sáez María E. , Rivero‐Juárez Antonio , Frías Mario , Téllez Francisco , Santos Jesús , Merino Dolores , Moreno‐Grau Sonia , Gómez‐Salgado Juan , González‐Serna Alejandro , Corma‐Gómez Anais , Ruiz Agustín , Macías Juan , Pineda Juan A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundA low proportion of individuals repeatedly exposed to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain uninfected. This condition could have a genetic basis but it is not known whether or not it is mainly driven by a high‐penetrance common allele.ObjectiveTo explore whether low susceptibility to HCV infection is mainly driven by a high‐penetrance common allele.MethodsIn this genome‐wide association study (GWAS), a total of 804 HCV‐seropositive individuals and 27 high‐risk HCV‐seronegative (HRSN) subjects were included. Plink and Magma software were used to carry out single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based and gene‐based association analyses respectively.ResultsNo SNP nor any gene was associated with low susceptibility to HCV infection after multiple testing correction. However, SNPs previously associated with this trait and allocated within the LDLR gene, rs5925 and rs688, were also associated with this condition in our study under a dominant model (24 out of 27 [88.9%] rs5925‐C carriers in the HRSN group vs 560 of 804 [69.6%] rs5925‐C carriers in the HCV‐seropositive group, P = 0.031, odds ratio [OR] = 3.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04‐11.58; and 24 out of 27 [88.9%] rs688‐T carriers in the HRSN group vs 556 of 804 [69.1%] rs688‐T carriers in the HCV‐seropositive group, P = 0.028, OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.65‐11.96).ConclusionsLow susceptibility to HCV infection does not seem to be mainly driven by a high‐penetrant common allele. By contrast, it seems a multifactorial trait where genes such as LDLR could be involved.
Administration of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells restores bladder dysfunction in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Kaya‐Sezginer Ecem , Yilmaz‐Oral Didem , Gur Serap 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the effect of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (HUCB‐MNCs) on bladder dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ; 35 mg/kg, i.v.)‐induced diabetic rats.MethodsAdult male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 30) were equally divided into three groups: control group, STZ‐diabetic group, and HUCB‐MNC‐treated group (1 × 106cells). HUCB‐MNCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from eight healthy donors and injected into the corpus cavenosum in STZ‐diabetic rats 4 weeks after the induction of diabetes. Studies were performed 4 weeks after HUCB‐MNC or vehicle injection. In vitro organ bath studies were performed on bladder strips, whereas protein expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA) in the bladder and the ratio of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to collagen were determined using western blotting and Masson trichrome staining.ResultsNeurogenic contractions of detrusor smooth muscle strips were 55% smaller in the diabetic group than control group (P < 0.05); these contractions were normalized by HUCB‐MNC treatment. In addition, HUCB‐MNC treatment restored the impaired maximal carbachol‐induced contractile response in detrusor strips in the diabetic group (29%;P < 0.05). HUCB‐MNC treatment improved the KCl‐induced contractile response in the diabetic bladder (68%;P < 0.05), but had no effect on ATP‐induced contractile responses. Increased expression of HIF‐1α and VEGF protein and decreased expression of α‐SMA protein and the SMC/collagen ratio in diabetic rats were reversed by HUCB‐MNC.ConclusionAdministration of HUCB‐MNCs facilitates bladder function recovery, which is likely related to downregulation of HIF‐1α expression and attenuation of fibrosis in STZ‐diabetic rats.
Behavioral responses of satellite tracked Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) to mid‐frequency active sonar
Authors: Joyce Trevor W. , Durban John W. , Claridge Diane E. , Dunn Charlotte A. , Hickmott Leigh S. , Fearnbach Holly , Dolan Karin , Moretti David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe vulnerability of beaked whales (Family: Ziphiidae) to intense sound exposure has led to interest in their behavioral responses to mid‐frequency active sonar (MFAS, 3–8 kHz). Here we present satellite‐transmitting tag movement and dive behavior records from Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) tagged in advance of naval sonar exercises at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) in the Bahamas. This represents one of the largest samples of beaked whales individually tracked during sonar operations (n = 7). The majority of individuals (five of seven) were displaced 28–68 km after the onset of sonar exposure and returned to the AUTEC range 2–4 days after exercises ended. Modeled sound pressure received levels were available during the tracking of four individuals and three of those individuals showed declines from initial maxima of 145–172 dB re 1 μPa to maxima of 70–150 dB re 1 μPa following displacements. Dive behavior data from tags showed a continuation of deep diving activity consistent with foraging during MFAS exposure periods, but also suggested reductions in time spent on deep dives during initial exposure periods. These data provide new insights into behavioral responses to MFAS and have important implications for modeling the population consequences of disturbance.
Family Health Conversations create awareness of family functioning
Authors: Ahlberg Mona , Hollman Frisman Gunilla , Berterö Carina , Ågren Susanna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe whole family is affected if one family member is critically ill. The Family Health Conversation Intervention may give the family tools that support healthier family functioning.Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to identify which components of family function are affected when families participate in Family Health Conversations.DesignA secondary analysis was performed of existing qualitative interviews. The Family Health Conversation is an intervention where nurses ask the family reflective questions, and reflection is made possible in three conversation sessions.MethodsThis study included transcribed data from 13 follow‐up interviews from seven families attending Family Health Conversations after three and 12 months. Data were analysed with narrative analysis, focusing on family function.ResultsThree themes were identified. The families' family functioning had been supported with: improved understanding of each other—there was an understanding of being in the same situation but still having totally different experiences; more concern for each other—they talked about their different experiences and felt they had become closer to each other; and a process of working through—they had experienced working through various experiences, standing by and supporting, and then being able to move on.ConclusionsThe Family Health Conversation Intervention is provided to families, accompanied by nurses. The families in this study gained an awareness of their family function that brought the family closer because of improved understanding of each other and the situation. The families experienced openness, and the family members spoke more freely with each other, which facilitated the progress of working through the experience of critical illness and helped to maintain healthy family functioning.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is important to have an overall perspective and to recognize the patient and the family as equally important within the family for awareness of family function.
Brightness and contrast adjustments influence the radiographic detection of soft tissue calcification
Authors: Moreira‐Souza Larissa , Michels Mariane , Lagos de Melo Larissa Pereira , Oliveira Matheus Lima , Asprino Luciana , Freitas Deborah Queiroz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the influence of subjective enhancement of brightness and contrast of digital panoramic radiographs on the detection of soft tissue calcifications.Materials and MethodsIn this observational study, 500 digital panoramic radiographs were evaluated by two examiners in consensus, who scored the images for the presence of calcifications for each right and left side of the image. After 30 days, all images were revaluated under subjective manipulation of digital brightness and contrast. Calcifications were classified based on the diagnostic hypothesis: sialolith, tonsillolith, calcified atheroma, phlebolith, rhinolith, maxillary sinus antrolith, synovial chondromatosis, lymph node calcification, stylohyoid ligament, triticeous cartilage, or/and upper horn of thyroid cartilage calcification. For intra‐examiner agreement, 20% of the sample was reevaluated. The Kappa test and McNemar test were used (α = 0.05).ResultsIn original images, calcifications were observed in 44.2% of the patients, and in enhanced images, this number was 70.8%. Many calcifications were detected only in enhanced images, mainly in the diagnostic hypotheses of calcified atheroma and stylohyoid ligament. Intra‐examiner agreement was excellent for the detection of soft tissue calcifications (0.82) and for the classification (0.81).ConclusionSubjective enhancement of brightness and contrast alters the detection of soft tissue calcifications in digital panoramic radiograph.
Comparison of two different doses of sucrose in pain relief
Authors: Tanyeri‐Bayraktar Bilge , Bayraktar Süleyman , Hepokur Mervenur , Güzel Kıran Gülsüm 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundProcedural pain is one of the most significant problems in neonates, especially in premature babies. Harmless and effective pain relief modalities in newborns should thus be applied. Although sucrose is the most commonly used agent, the most effective dose and concentration of sucrose is not clear. In this study, we compared the efficacy of two different doses of sucrose during venepuncture in neonates.MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized, double‐blind study. The study was conducted during venous sampling. Oral 24% sucrose (Tool sweet™ Natus Medical, San Carlos, CA, USA) was given by sterile syringe onto the anterior part of the tongue. Group 1 (n = 65) received 0.2 mL/kg 24% sucrose and group 2 (n = 64) received 0.5 mL/kg 24% sucrose. The Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates (BPSN) was used to assess the pain scores before, during and after the procedure.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐nine premature infants were enrolled in the study, consisting of 67 girls (51.9%) and 62 boys (48.1%) aged 1–24 days (mean age, 8.34 ± 6.25 days). There was no significant difference in BPSN score between the groups (P > 0.05). There was also no statistically significant difference in BPSN subscale scores between the groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsTwenty‐four percent sucrose 0.2 mL/kg may be the minimum effective dose to relieve pain during venepuncture procedures in premature babies.
The dynamics of pigment reactions of human skin to ultraviolet A radiation
Authors: Kohli Indermeet , Sakamaki Takeshi , Dong Tian Wei , Moyal Dominique , Hamzavi Iltefat H. , Kollias Nikiforos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe pigment responses of human skin to broadband UVA radiation (320‐400 nm) occur in three distinct phases. The first phase includes immediate pigment darkening (IPD), the pigment that appears immediately after irradiation. The second phase involves an intermediate step, termed persistent pigment darkening (PPD), which leads to the third phase of neomelanogenesis or delayed tanning (DT). Since DT results from synthesis of new melanin, it persists beyond 5‐7 days. We conducted studies on human subjects to investigate the dynamic responses of the IPD and PPD reactions to broadband UVA radiation at threshold and superthreshold doses. The threshold doses for IPD, PPD, and DT were found to be approximately 1, 11, and 18 J/cm2, respectively. The colorimetry ΔL* value corresponding to minimal clinically perceptible pigmentation was found to be 0.8 ± 0.1. IPD appeared immediately and had an associated decay constant of approximately 1.4 minutes. At doses greater than PPD threshold, IPD reaction decayed while PPD developed indicating toward IPD being used as a substrate in the formation of PPD.
Finding ‘Hobby’ Farmers: A ‘Parish Study’ Methodology for Qualitative Research
Authors: Sutherland Lee‐Ann 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology for undertaking research with a ‘difficult to reach population’ – hobby farmers. In an investigation designed to assess agrarian transition processes in a peri‐urban locale, data was sought on every agricultural holding in a Scottish parish (municipality). This ‘parish study’ methodology combined participant mapping and qualitative interviewing with photo elicitation. Participant mapping was found to be useful for identifying farmers who are not normally included in rural social research, leading to a high response rate and a respondent pool for photo elicitation. The method also enabled the analysis of agrarian identity and land use. However, the parish study method is not suited to studies of dispersed groups and is more resource intensive than standard qualitative interview‐based studies. A number of ethical and EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) issues also arise around identifying participants, mapping, photos and incentivising participation in the research. The utility of the parish study method is demonstrated through two key findings of the research: the problematic definition of ‘hobby farmers’ in the study site and the trajectories towards de facto land abandonment in a peri‐urban locale.
Fatal disseminated infection by Gymnascella hyalinospora in a heart transplant recipient
Authors: Agnelli Caroline , Valerio Maricela , Olmedo María , Guinea Jesús , Zatarain‐Nicolás Eduardo , del Carmen Martínez‐Jiménez María , Alcalá Luis , Escribano Pilar , Cebollero Presmanes María , Bouza Emilio , Muñoz Patricia , Martín‐Rabadán Pablo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report the first case of disseminated infection by Gymnascella hyalinospora in a solid organ transplant recipient. This case highlights the role of low‐virulence environmental molds as an emerging cause of breakthrough invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised hosts. Nosocomial strategies of infection control including antimicrobial stewardship and advances on fast diagnostic methods are strongly encouraged to improve patient prognosis.
In vitro study to assess the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib (PD‐0332991) for treating canine mammary tumours
Authors: Schoos Alexandra , Knab Vanessa M. , Gabriel Cordula , Tripolt Sabrina , Wagner Daniela A. , Bauder Barbara , Url Angelika , Fux Daniela A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTherapy of canine mammary tumours (CMTs) with classical antitumour drugs is problematic, so better therapeutic options are needed. Palbociclib (PD‐0332991) is an innovative and effective anticancer drug for the treatment of breast cancer in women. Palbociclib is an inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6, which are key regulators of the cell cycle machinery and thus cell proliferation. In the present in vitro study, we investigated whether Palbociclib also represents a candidate drug to combat CMT. For this purpose, the effect of Palbociclib was analysed in P114 and CF41 cells, two CMT cell lines with an endogenous CDK4/6 co‐expression. Incubation of P114 and CF41 cells with Palbociclib resulted in a dose‐ and time‐dependent loss of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb), a classical CDK4/6 substrate within the cell cycle machinery. Moreover, treatment of CMT cells with Palbociclib‐induced cell cycle arrest affected cell viability, prevented colony formation and impaired cell migration activity. Palbociclib also inhibited the growth of P114 and CF41 cell spheroids. Immunohistochemical analysis of canine patient samples revealed a consistent expression of CDK6 in different canine mammary carcinoma types, but an individual and tumour‐specific expression pattern of phosphorylated pRb independent of the tumour grade. Together, our findings let us suggest that Palbociclib has antitumour effects on CMT cells and that canine patients may represent potential candidates for treatment with this CDK4/6 inhibitor.