bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Labeling Refugee Men as “Vulnerable”
Authors: Turner Lewis 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Critiques of humanitarian work with refugees have increasingly called for refugee men’s “vulnerabilities” to be recognized. The deployment of “vulnerability” reflects the term’s centrality within contemporary humanitarianism, and its rapidly expanding use in feminist analysis. This article argues that calls to see refugee men as “vulnerable” fail to critique, and even seek to expand, “vulnerability” as a mechanism of humanitarian governance. This approach is likely to lead to more humanitarian control over, and racialized violence toward, refugee men themselves. In an era of calls for decolonial approaches, more radical critiques are required, which center the concepts, understandings, and resistance of refugees.
Effect of metabolizable protein intake on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feeding behavior in finishing steers
Authors: Sitorski Leonardo G , Bauer Marc L , Swanson Kendall C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
One-hundred thirty-two finishing steers (300 ± 2.7 kg body weight [BW]) predominately of Angus, Simmental, and Shorthorn breeding were used to study the effect of metabolizable protein (MP) intake on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feeding behavior. Steers were stratified by initial BW across five pens and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments to supply an average of 626, 906, 1,209, and 1,444 g MP/d (n = 33 per treatment). Feed intake and feeding behavior were measured using radio frequency identification tags and the Insentec feeding system. For feeding behavior, a visit was defined as each time the Insentec system detected a steer at the feed bunk. A meal was defined as eating periods by intervals no longer than 7 min. Steers were fed until they reached an average BW of 598 ± 3.1 kg. Average daily gain (ADG) responded quadratically (P &lt; 0.01) with ADG increasing in steers fed 906 g MP/d and plateauing thereafter. Dry-matter intake (DMI; kg) responded quadratically (P = 0.009) with DMI increasing with MP intake up to 1,209 g/d MP and decreasing thereafter. Gain to feed ratio (G:F) increased linearly (P = 0.04) and tended (P = 0.10) to respond quadratically, as G:F increased up to 906 g MP/d and plateaued thereafter. A quadratic response (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively) was observed for marbling score and 12th rib subcutaneous fat thickness with steers fed 1,209 g MP/d having the greatest marbling score and back fat thickness. A quadratic effect for visits and meals per day was observed (P &lt; 0.01) with steers fed the 1,209 g MP/d treatment having the least visits and meals per day. In addition, time eating per visit responded quadratically (P = 0.05) with time increasing from 626 to 906 g MP/d. There was a linear increase (P ≤ 0.02) in time eating per meal and per day with increasing MP intake. A quadratic effect (P &lt; 0.03) was observed for DMI per visit, meal, and minute with steers fed 1,209 g MP/d having the greatest DMI. In summary, steers fed 626 g MP/d had increased visits and meals per day. However, DMI per visit, meal, and minute were greater in steers fed 1,209 g MP/d. A day × treatment interaction (P &lt; 0.001) was observed for plasma urea N as concentrations increased to a greater extent over time in the higher MP treatments than in the lower MP treatments. These data indicate that MP supply (from deficient to excess) influences growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feeding behavior of finishing steers.
Osteology of the archosauromorph Teyujagua paradoxa and the early evolution of the archosauriform skull
Authors: Pinheiro Felipe L , De Simão-Oliveira Daniel , Butler Richard J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Archosauriformes are a major group of fossil and living reptiles that include the crown group Archosauria (birds, crocodilians and their extinct relatives) and closely related taxa. Archosauriformes are characterized by a highly diagnostic skull architecture, which is linked to the predatory habits of their early representatives, and the development of extensive cranial pneumaticity associated with the nasal capsule. The evolution of the archosauriform skull from the more plesiomorphic configuration present ancestrally in the broader clade Archosauromorpha was, until recently, elusive. This began to change with the discovery and description of Teyujagua paradoxa, an early archosauromorph from the Lower Triassic Sanga do Cabral Formation of Brazil. Here, we provide a detailed osteological description of the holotype and, thus far, only known specimen of T. paradoxa. In addition to providing new details of the anatomy of T. paradoxa, our study also reveals an early development of skull pneumaticity prior to the emergence of the antorbital fenestra. We use these new data to discuss the evolution of antorbital openings within Archosauriformes. Reappraisal of the phylogenetic position of T. paradoxa supports previous hypotheses of a close relationship with Archosauriformes. The data presented here provide new insights into character evolution during the origin of the archosauriform skull.
Biomechanics of Periprosthetic Fixation: Plates, Nails, Cables, and Allografts
Authors: Gausden Elizabeth B. , Wellman David S. 
Published: August 2019

Summary:
Periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) present unique challenges to orthopaedic surgeons in terms of limited cortical fixation options, poor bone quality, cement mantles, and stress risers introduced from the prosthesis. Various fixation strategies have been used in PPFs including the use of intramedullary nails, locked plates, unicortical locking screws, cerclage wires and cables, double-plating techniques, and allograft struts. Here, we will review the biomechanics of various fixation strategies used in PPFs.
High Satisfaction in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients on Enhanced Discharge Pathway
Authors: Yang Joshua , Skaggs David L. , Chan Priscella , Villamor Gabriela A. , Choi Paul D. , Tolo Vernon T. , Kissinger Catherine , Lehman Alison , Andras Lindsay M. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Recently, there have been several reports of using an enhanced discharge pathway following posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). No previous studies have prospectively examined patient satisfaction of patients with AIS using an enhanced discharge pathway. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction with an enhanced discharge pathway for PSF and whether patients felt that their length of stay was appropriate.

Methods:
Patients with AIS undergoing PSF were prospectively enrolled. At their first postoperative clinic visit, patients were administered a survey regarding their experience.

Results:
Of the 46 patients enrolled (mean age, 14 y), 1 was discharged on postoperative day (POD) 2, 33 were discharged on POD 3, 9 were discharged on POD 4, and 3 were discharged on POD 5. Eighty (37/46) of patients felt that they were discharged at an appropriate time, whereas 20% (9/46) felt they were discharged too early. Patients who felt they were discharged at an appropriate time (mean, 3.2 d) had a trend toward shorter stays than those who felt they were discharged too early (mean, 3.7 d). Overall patient satisfaction of hospital stay was high with a mean of 9 on a 10-point scale (range, 1 to 10). There was no correlation between length of stay and patient satisfaction (P=0.723). Patients who felt they were discharged early had a significantly higher mean FACES pain scores than those who felt they were discharged about right both as inpatients (mean, 4.8 vs. 3.4; P=0.0319) and at their first postoperative clinic visit (5.4 vs. 2.9; P=0.004).

Conclusions:
Eighty percent of patients with AIS who underwent PSF felt that the time of discharge was appropriate with an enhanced discharge pathway. There was no correlation between patient satisfaction and length of stay.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.
Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Most Cited Articles on Intervertebral Disk Research
Authors: Yang Ge , Li Zhuoyang , Ye Weihua , Huang Shengxiang , Liu Shaohua , Liu Kun , Tan Qian 
Published: August 2019

Study Design:
A bibliometric review of the literature.

Object:
To analyze and quantify the most frequently cited papers in intervertebral disk research.

Summary of Background Data:
The number of citations that a paper has received reflects its impact in related research area. In the field of disk research, however, it remains unknown which papers are most cited. By searching related literature databases, we identified the most cited 100 articles that advanced the understanding of the intervertebral disk to provide a historic view of scientific research of the disk.

Materials and Methods:
Intervertebral disk original research-related publications from January 1, 1900 to December 31, 2017 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Each retrieved article was analyzed using the Cited Reference Search tool to identify the most cited articles. The number of citations, year of publication, publishing journal, authorship, country of publication, and the knowledge maps of keywords were gathered and generated.

Results:
The number of citations of the 100 selected articles ranges from 209 to 1269, and they were published from 1953 to 2009. Basic research is the most common type of study (n=60), followed by epidemiological study (n=40). Spine published 57 of the most cited 100 papers. The greatest contribution came from the United States of America (n=41), followed by the United Kingdom (n=18) and Japan (n=9). Frequently appearing keywords classified into 3 clusters: “biological study,” “clinical study,” and “imageological study.” The keyword “degeneration” was mentioned the most, 51 items, and the word “development” was the latest hot spot in the most cited articles.

Conclusions:
In the field of disk research, some papers were heavily cited more than 100 times, suggesting these studies have substantially contributed to the body of knowledge of the intervertebral disk and findings were widely accepted by related clinicians and scientists.
PREOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE MACULAR SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT USING MICROPERIMETRY IN EYES UNDERGOING SILICONE OIL REMOVAL
Authors: Nagpal Manish , Khandelwal Jayesh , Eltayib Ahmed , Mehrotra Navneet , Juneja Rakesh 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the functional changes on the macula, before and after silicone oil removal (SOR) using microperimetry (MP3) in patients originally operated for macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.

Methods:
Prospective interventional study, N = 20. All cases underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including determination of Snellen best-corrected visual acuity, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and MP3 for measuring retinal sensitivity. Primary outcome measure was to describe the alterations in the retinal sensitivity on the macula after SOR.

Results:
Mean retinal sensitivity increased in 100% patients (20/20) after SOR with a mean value of 97.44 dB. Best-corrected visual acuity after SOR remained unchanged in 90% (18/20) and improved by 2 lines in only 10% patients (2/20). Median retinal sensitivity of central 6° of the macula was 766.95 ± 173.29 dB before SOR and 863.8 ± 181.08 dB after SOR, P < 0.0001. Mean best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 before SOR (range, 20/30–20/60) (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.314 ± 0.169) and 20/40 after SOR (range 20/30–20/80) (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.315 ± 0.159), P = 0.1628.

Conclusion:
MP3 was found to be a highly sensitive tool in detecting increased retinal sensitivity after SOR, particularly in central 6° of the macula without significant change in best-corrected visual acuity. Hence, MP3 is an important qualitative indicator of visual function.
Clostridium difficile Infection in the Emergency Department
Authors: Garg Sushil K. , Obaitan Itegbemie , Sarvepalli Shashank , Anugwom Chimaobi M. , Pardi Darrell S. , Khanna Sahil 
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with substantial emergency department (ED) and inpatient burden. To date, few studies have evaluated the ED burden of CDI. Using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, we evaluated trends in ED use, ED and inpatient charges, admission and mortality rates, length of stay, and independent risk factors for hospital admission and mortality after an ED visit.

Methods:
Using Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for 2006 through 2014, we identified all patients with the primary diagnosis of CDI (using diagnostic codes). We determined the trends in ED visits and used survey logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with hospital admission.

Results:
Overall, 909,236 ED visits for CDI resulted in 817,935 admissions (90%) to the hospital. The number of visits increased from 76,709 in 2006 to 106,869 in 2014, and the admission rate decreased from 92.4% to 84.4%. ED charges adjusted for inflation went up from US$1433.0 to 2900, a significant rise even accounting for inflation. The overall length of hospital stay decreased from 7 to 5.8 days. Independent predictors of admission after ED visits included smoking, use of alcohol, and presence of multiple comorbidities. Independent risk factors for mortality in admitted patients include increasing age and presence of comorbidities.

Conclusions:
Although ED use for CDI increased, rates of hospital admission decreased over 9 years. Identification of predictors of admission and in-hospital mortality will help guide policies and interventions to reduce the burden on health care resources.
Microbial Contamination, Infection, and Antimicrobial Use During Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation
Authors: Trisler Michael J. , Kruer Rachel M. , Jarrell Andrew S. , Faghih Mahya , Walsh Christi M. , Singh Vikesh K. , Hall Erica , Kalyani Rita R. , Makary Martin A. , Hatfield Laura A. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives
Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation can relieve pain associated with chronic pancreatitis while preserving islet function. Islet preparations are often contaminated by enteric flora. We assessed the impact of contaminated islet preparations on the prevalence of postoperative infection.

Methods
Electronic health records for patients who underwent total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation from August 1, 2011, to November 15, 2017 were retrospectively reviewed to compare the prevalence of postoperative infection in patients with a positive islet culture and islet culture negative patients.

Results
Sixty-one patients were included. Twenty-nine patients (47.5%) had a positive islet culture, and 23 (79.3%) of these patients received antimicrobial prophylaxis. The prevalence of postoperative infection did not differ between the islet culture positive and islet culture negative groups (41% vs 34%, P = 0.57). No infections occurred in the 6 islet culture positive patients who did not receive prophylaxis. No difference in intensive care unit or hospital length of stay or in 30-day or 90-day readmission rates were observed.

Conclusions
Despite the common use of postoperative systemic antimicrobials, we observed no difference in the prevalence of postoperative infection, length of stay, or hospital readmission in patients receiving a contaminated islet preparation. If prophylactic antimicrobials are used, the duration should be minimized.
Instrument Development for Evaluation of Gerontological Nurse Specialists Core Competencies in China
Authors: Chen Hongxiu , Pu Lihui , Chen Qian , Xu Xiaofeng , Bai Chunlan , Hu Xiuying 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
This study aimed to determine the core competencies of Chinese gerontological nurse specialists and test the psychometric properties of a core competency self-evaluation instrument.

Methods:
This study consisted of 2 stages. A literature review, theoretical analysis, and the Delphi methods involving 28 experts were performed to identify the core competencies required of gerontological nurse specialists in China. Then, a self-evaluation instrument developed based on the results of stage I was tested among 225 certified gerontological nurse specialists. An exploratory factor analysis was applied to test the construct validity, and the content validity and reliability were also evaluated.

Results:
The core competencies of gerontological nurse specialists comprised 3 first-level domains, 9 second-level dimensions, and 69 third-level items. The average scale-level content validity, overall instrument’s Cronbach’s α, and test-retest reliability were 0.963, 0.983, and 0.834, respectively. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the factors in the 3 first-level domains (attitude, skill, and knowledge) explained 68.579%, 69.599%, and 75.872% of the variance, respectively.

Conclusion:
The results showed that the core competencies of Chinese gerontological nurse specialists were reliable and that gerontological nurse specialists could use this self-evaluation instrument to assess their core competencies.
Clinical Nurse Specialist Preceptor Protocol
Authors: Bloomingdale Rosina , Darmody Julie V. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
Develop an evidence-based clinical nurse specialist (CNS) preceptor protocol to enhance preceptor’s skills and effectiveness and strengthen the preceptor-preceptee relationship and outcomes.

Description:
An effective CNS preceptor is a key variable to quality, timely, and fiscally responsible CNS transition and retention. Most preceptors receive no formal education or skill development. Literature searched from the previous 10 years explored CNS preceptor, preceptee, and preceptorship process.

Outcomes:
Protocol key components are development of the mutual collaborative relationship, shared meaning, understanding, goal setting, timelines, and evaluations. The planning phase of the protocol includes face-to-face meeting to identify overarching goals and establish a trusting collaborative relationship. The mutual iterative learning and growing phase includes identification of learning needs, goals, and strategies such as debriefing, reflective journaling, and mutual ongoing evaluation. The concluding phase includes formal evaluation. The outcome phase includes safe autonomous CNS practice, along with mutual growth and satisfaction.

Conclusions:
The literature informed the CNS preceptor protocol development. The protocol may be evaluated within a preceptor-preceptee relationship across multiple settings. Higher levels of CNS research are vital to identify evidence-based CNS preceptorship strategies. As CNSs are integrated into advanced practice roles, a structured preceptor protocol and education program is critical to provide quality outcomes.
Mapping of Lymph Node Metastasis From Esophagogastric Junction Tumors
Authors: Kurokawa Yukinori , Takeuchi Hiroya , Doki Yuichiro , Mine Shinji , Terashima Masanori , Yasuda Takushi , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Daiko Hiroyuki , Sakuramoto Shinichi , Yoshikawa Takaki , Kunisaki Chikara , Seto Yasuyuki , Tamura Shigeyuki , Shimokawa Toshio , Sano Takeshi , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
The aim of the study was to determine the optimal extent of lymph node dissection for the 2 histological types of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) tumors based on the incidence of metastasis in a prospective nationwide multicenter study.

Background:
Because most previous studies were retrospective, the optimal surgical procedure for EGJ tumors has not been standardized.

Methods:
Patients with cT2-T4 adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma located within 2.0 cm of the EGJ were enrolled before surgery. Surgeons dissected all lymph nodes prespecified in the protocol, using either the abdominal transhiatal or right transthoracic approach. The primary endpoint was the metastasis rate of each lymph node. Lymph nodes were classified according to metastasis rate, as follows: category-1 (strongly recommended for dissection), rate more than 10%; category-2 (weakly recommended for dissection), rate from 5% to 10%; and category-3 (not recommended for dissection), rate less than 5%.

Results:
Between 2014 and 2017, 1065 patients with EGJ tumor were screened, and 371 were enrolled. Among 358 patients who underwent surgical resection, category-1 nodes included abdominal stations 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, and 11p, whereas category-2 nodes included abdominal stations 8a, 19, and lower mediastinal station 110. If esophageal involvement exceeded 2.0 cm, station 110 was assigned to category-1. Among 98 patients who had either adenocarcinoma with esophageal involvement over 3.0 cm or squamous cell carcinoma, there were no category-1 nodes in the upper/middle mediastinal field, whereas category-2 nodes included upper mediastinal station 106recR and middle mediastinal station 108. When esophageal involvement exceeded 4.0 cm, station 106recR was assigned to category-1.

Conclusion:
The study accurately identified the distribution of lymph node metastases from EGJ tumors and the optimal extent of subsequent lymph node dissection.
Health-related Quality of Life Following Hybrid Minimally Invasive Versus Open Esophagectomy for Patients With Esophageal Cancer, Analysis of a Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized Phase III Controlled Trial
Authors: Mariette Christophe , Markar Sheraz , Dabakuyo-Yonli Tienhan Sandrine , Meunier Bernard , Pezet Denis , Collet Denis , D’Journo Xavier Benoit , Brigand Cécile , Perniceni Thierry , Carrere Nicolas , Mabrut Jean Yves , Msika Simon , Peschaud Frédérique , Prudhomme Michel , Bonnetain Franck , Piessen Guillaume 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy (HMIE) has been shown to reduce major postoperative complications compared with open esophagectomy (OE) for esophageal cancer.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to compare short- and long-term health-related quality of life (HRQOL) following HMIE and OE within a randomized controlled trial.

Methods:
We performed a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial at 13 study centers between 2009 and 2012. Patients aged 18 to 75 years with resectable cancers of the middle or lower third of the esophagus were randomized to undergo either transthoracic OE or HMIE. Patients were followed-up every 6 months for 3 years postoperatively and global health assessed with EORTC-QLQC30 and esophageal symptoms assessed with EORTC-OES18.

Results:
The short-term reduction in global HRQOL at 30 days specifically role functioning [−33.33 (HMIE) vs −46.3 (OE); P = 0.0407] and social functioning [−16.88 (HMIE) vs −35.74 (OE); P = 0.0003] was less substantial in the HMIE group. At 2 years, social functioning had improved following HMIE to beyond baseline (+5.37) but remained reduced in the OE group (−8.33) (P = 0.0303). At 2 years, increases in pain were similarly reduced in the HMIE compared with the OE group [+6.94 (HMIE) vs +14.05 (OE); P = 0.018]. Postoperative complications in multivariate analysis were associated with role functioning, pain, and dysphagia.

Conclusions:
Esophagectomy has substantial effects upon short-term HRQOL. These effects for some specific parameters are, however, reduced with HMIE, with persistent differences up to 2 years, and maybe mediated by a reduction in postoperative complications.