bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population-Based Assessment of HPV Genotype-Specific Cervical Cancer Survival: CDC Cancer Registry Sentinel Surveillance System
Authors: Hallowell Benjamin D , Saraiya Mona , Thompson Trevor D , Unger Elizabeth R , Lynch Charles F , Tucker Tom , Copeland Glenn , Hernandez Brenda Y , Peters Edward S , Wilkinson Edward , Goodman Marc T ,   for the HPV Typing of Cancers Workgroup
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype influences the development of invasive cervical cancer (ICC); however, there is uncertainty regarding the association of HPV genotype with survival among ICC patients.

Methods
Follow-up data were collected from 693 previously selected and HPV-typed ICC cases that were part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cancer Registry Surveillance System. Cases were diagnosed between 1994 and 2005. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate five-year all-cause survival. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the effect of HPV genotype on survival after adjusting for demographic, tumor, and treatment characteristics.

Results
Five-year all-cause survival rates varied by HPV status (HPV 16: 66.9%, HPV 18: 65.7%, HPV 31/33/45/52/58: 70.8%, other oncogenic HPV genotypes: 79.0%, nononcogenic HPV: 69.3%, HPV-negative: 54.0%). Following multivariable adjustment, no statistically significant survival differences were found for ICC patients with HPV 16–positive tumors compared with women with tumors positive for HPV 18, other oncogenic HPV types, or HPV-negative tumors. Women with detectable HPV 31/33/33/45/52/58 had a statistically significant 40% reduced hazard of death at five years (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.38 to 0.95), and women who tested positive for nononcogenic HPV genotypes had a statistically significant 57% reduced hazard of death at five years (95% CI = 0.19 to 0.96) compared with women with HPV 16 tumors. Few statistically significant differences in HPV positivity, tumor characteristics, treatment, or survival were found by race/ethnicity.

Conclusions
HPV genotype statistically significantly influenced five-year survival rates among women with ICC; however, screening and HPV vaccination remain the most important factors to improve patient prognosis and prevent future cases.
The Role of Wound Care in 2 Group A Streptococcal Outbreaks in a Chicago Skilled Nursing Facility, 2015‒2016
Authors: Ahmed Sana S , Diebold Kasey E , Brandvold Jacob M , Ewaidah Saadeh S , Black Stephanie , Ogundimu Abimbola , Li Zhongya , Stone Nimalie D , Van Beneden Chris A 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Two consecutive outbreaks of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections occurred from 2015–2016 among residents of a Chicago skilled nursing facility. Evaluation of wound care practices proved crucial for identifying transmission factors and implementing prevention measures. We demonstrated shedding of GAS on settle plates during care of a colonized wound.
Far-infrared dust properties of highly dust-obscured active galactic nuclei from the AKARI and WISE all-sky surveys
Authors: Lam Anson , Malkan Matthew , Wright Edward 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The combination of the AKARI and WISE infrared all-sky surveys provides a unique opportunity to identify and characterize the most highly dust-obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the universe. Dust-obscured AGNs are not easily detectable and are potentially underrepresented in extragalactic surveys due to their high optical extinction, but are readily found in the WISE catalog due to their extremely red mid-infrared (IR) colors. Combining these surveys with photometry from Pan-STARRS and Herschel, we use spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling to characterize the extinction and dust properties of these AGNs. From mid-IR WISE colors we are able to compute bolometric corrections to AGN luminosities. Using AKARI’s far-IR wavelength photometry and broadband AGN/galaxy spectral templates we estimate AGN dust mass and temperature using simple analytic models with three or four parameters. Even without spectroscopic data we can determine a number of AGN dust properties only using SED analysis. These methods, combined with the abundance of archival photometric data publicly available, will be valuable for large-scale studies of dusty, IR-luminous AGNs.
‘Pottes of Tryacle’ and ‘Bokes of Phisyke’: The Fifteenth-century Disease Management Practices of Three Gentry Families
Authors: Ingram Hannah 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper explores the gentry response to disease and illness in the fifteenth century. It examines the private letter collections of the Paston, the Stonor and the Plumpton families through a comparative methodology. The first section, focusing upon disease terminology in the letters, explores the diagnostic understanding of these families. Analysis of incidences of particular diseases, such as malaria and sciatica, is used to demonstrate their comprehension of illness through symptomatic observation. The second section examines the methods used for treating disease, analysing the various remedies used by the families. Important emphasis is placed upon the choice between using medical professionals and home healing. Finally, the role of female family members is assessed, determining whether it was medicinal matriarchs or male physicians who dominated in the sphere of family medicine. Ultimately this paper will uncover the complex and sophisticated ways gentry families managed and treated disease in this period.
Kinesin‐dependent transport of keratin filaments: a unified mechanism for intermediate filament transport
Authors: Robert Amélie , Tian Peirun , Adam Stephen A. , Kittisopikul Mark , Jaqaman Khuloud , Goldman Robert D. , Gelfand Vladimir I. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTKeratin intermediate filaments (IFs) are the major cytoskeletal component in epithelial cells. The dynamics of keratin IFs have been described to depend mostly on the actin cytoskeleton, but the rapid transport of fully polymerized keratin filaments has not been reported. In this work, we used a combination of photoconversion experiments and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–associated protein 9 genome editing to study the role of microtubules and microtubule motors in keratin filament transport. We found that long keratin filaments, like other types of IFs, are transported along microtubules by kinesin‐1. Our data revealed that keratin and vimentin are nonconventional kinesin‐1 cargoes because their transport did not require kinesin light chains, which are a typical adapter for kinesin‐dependent cargo transport. Furthermore, we found that the same domain of the kinesin heavy chain tail is involved in keratin and vimentin IF transport, strongly suggesting that multiple types of IFs move along microtubules using an identical mechanism.—Robert, A., Tian, P., Adam, S. A., Kittisopikul, M., Jaqaman, K., Goldman, R. D., Gelfand, V. I. Kinesin‐dependent transport of keratin filaments: a unified mechanism for intermediate filament transport. FASEB J. 33, 388–399 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Identification of Gambling Problems in Primary Care: Properties of the NODS-CLiP Screening Tool
Authors: Cowlishaw Sean , McCambridge Jim , Kessler David 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:
There are several brief screening tools for gambling that possess promising psychometric properties, but have uncertain utility in generalist healthcare environments which prioritize prevention and brief interventions. This study describes an examination of the National Opinion Research Centre Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS-CLiP), in comparison with the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), when used to operationalize gambling problems across a spectrum of severity.

Methods:
Data were obtained from 1058 primary care attendees recruited from 11 practices in England who completed various measures including the NODS-CLiP and PGSI. The performance of the former was defined by estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs), when PGSI indicators of problem gambling (5+) and any gambling problems (1+), respectively, were reference standards.

Results:
The NODS-CLiP demonstrated perfect sensitivity for problem gambling, along with high specificity and a NPV, but a low PPV. There was much lower sensitivity when the indicator of any gambling problems was the reference standard, with capture rates indicating only 20% of patients exhibiting low to moderate severity gambling problems (PGSI 1–4) were identified by the NODS-CLiP.

Conclusions:
The NODS-CLiP performs well when identifying severe cases of problem gambling, but lacks sensitivity for less severe problems and may be unsuitable for settings which prioritize prevention and brief interventions. There is a need for screening measures which are sensitive across the full spectrum of risk and severity, and can support initiatives for improving identification and responses to gambling problems in healthcare settings such as primary care.
Diagnostic Accuracy of 3-Dimensional Endoanal Ultrasound in Identifying Perianal Crohn’s Fistulas
Authors: Luglio Gaetano , Giglio Mariano Cesare , Rispo Antonio , Bucci Cristina , Sollazzo Viviana , Castiglione Fabiana , De Palma Giovanni Domenico , Bucci Luigi 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:
Perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease is a challenging clinical situation that requires proper management. Some features seen on the endoanal ultrasound can be helpful in discriminating between cryptoglandular and Crohn’s disease fistulas.

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to define the diagnostic accuracy of 3-dimensional endoanal ultrasound in differentiating between Crohn’s disease and cryptogenic fistulas.

DESIGN:
This was a prospective observational study.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted in the colorectal unit of an IBD referral center.

PATIENTS:
Consecutive patients referred for suspected perianal sepsis from September 2015 to December 2016 were included.

INTERVENTIONS:
Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography was the studied intervention.

MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES:
Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 4 ultrasonographic features (Crohn’s ultrasound fistula sign, the presence of a double track, debris or an abscess within the fistula track, and the maximum width of the track) in discriminating between cryptoglandular and Crohn’s disease fistulas were calculated. The interobserver agreement for each feature was quantified.

RESULTS:
In this study, 158 patients, of whom 33 had a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease, were included. The interobserver agreement was good for all of the ultrasonographic features. All of these features were more frequent in cases of Crohn’s disease fistulas (p = 0.0001). The maximum width of the fistula track was highly accurate for discriminating between cryptogenic and Crohn’s disease fistulas (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.922). The simultaneous presence of 2 features was suggestive of Crohn’s disease fistula. In particular, the presence of a track width >4 mm in conjunction with either a double track or the Crohn’s ultrasound fistula sign showed very high specificity (1.00). Conversely, a fistula track width ≤3 mm had high sensitivity (0.97).

LIMITATIONS:
Patients included in the cryptogenic group might be diagnosed as having Crohn’s disease at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
The combination of specific endoanal ultrasonographic features allows for highly accurate discrimination between Crohn’s disease and cryptogenic fistulas. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A619.
Outcome After Redo Surgery for Complicated Colorectal and Coloanal Anastomosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Westerduin Emma , Klaver Charlotte E.L. , van Geloven Anna A.W. , Westerterp Marinke , Bemelman Willem A. , Tanis Pieter J. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:
When a colorectal or coloanal anastomosis fails because of persistent leakage or stenosis, or the anastomosis has to be resected for recurrent cancer, constructing a new anastomosis might be an option in selected patients. This is a rare and complex type of redo surgery.

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this review was to evaluate the current literature on redo anastomosis for complicated colorectal or coloanal anastomosis.

DATA SOURCES:
A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the PROSPERO register, clinicaltrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform database was performed.

STUDY SELECTION:
Two reviewers independently screened the available literature. All studies reporting on redo surgery and aiming at reconstruction of a prior low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis for any indication were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Primary outcome was successful restoration of continuity. Secondary outcomes were postoperative morbidity, pelvic sepsis, incontinence, and mortality.

RESULTS:
Nine studies were included, comprising 291 patients, of whom 76% had index surgery for colorectal cancer. Pooled proportions showed an overall success rate of 79% (95% CI, 69–86), with a pooled incidence of major postoperative morbidity of 16% (95% CI, 10–24). The pooled pelvic sepsis rate was 16% (95% CI, 9–27), and the pooled surgical reintervention and readmission rates were 11% (95% CI, 8–17) and 7% (95% CI, 3–15). Five studies reported on incontinence, with a pooled proportion of 17% (95% CI, 10–26).

LIMITATIONS:
The limitations of this review are the lack of randomized controlled trials and high-quality studies, and the small sample sizes and heterogeneous patient populations in the included studies.

CONCLUSIONS:
Redo surgery is a valuable treatment option for the complicated colorectal or coloanal anastomosis with 79% successful restoration of bowel continuity in the published literature from experienced tertiary centers.
How to Insert a Draining Seton Correctly
Authors: Bolshinsky Vladimir , Church James 
Published: June 2018

INTRODUCTION:
Misconceptions exist about the proper way to use draining setons in the management of anal fistulas. This technical note lays out the principles for their use.

TECHNIQUE:
Insertion of draining setons is a prerequisite to successful management of anal fistulas. The correct technique involves identification of the correct track and internal opening and drainage of the track with a silastic seton. This sets the stage for definitive repair after the inflammation subsides.

RESULTS:
Three cases are presented to illustrate common errors made during the insertion of draining setons.

CONCLUSIONS:
Appropriate seton drainage of an anorectal fistula is an important part of the ultimate repair. Correct use of setons minimizes symptoms from the seton itself and optimizes its effectiveness.
Objectively Measured Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Freene Nicole , McManus Margaret , Mair Tarryn , Tan Ren , Davey Rachel 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior (SB) are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. No studies appear to have investigated whether SB in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participants changes over time. The aim of this study was to objectively assess physical activity (PA) and SB of CR participants over 6 wks.

Methods:
Using a prospective cohort study design, 72 CR participants, age = 64.2 ± 9.6 y (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) (79% male), wore an ActiGraph ActiSleep accelerometer for 7 consecutive days at the beginning and end of a 6-wk program to assess daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and SB (<100 counts/min). Other outcomes collected were self-reported MVPA (Active Australia Survey) and SB (Past-Day Adults' Sedentary Time Questionnaire), body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, lipid profile, blood glucose level, quality of life (MacNew), exercise capacity (6-min walk test), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale).

Results:
Time spent in MVPA and SB did not change over 6 wks. However, exercise capacity and light-intensity PA significantly improved (P < .01). On average, participants spent 11.8 ± 1.1 hr daily in SB, with 9.5 ± 14.7 min daily in MVPA at the end of the CR program. There was some evidence that males and females had different movement patterns.

Conclusions:
Levels of PA are low and SB is high in CR participants despite changes in exercise capacity over 6 wks. Participants in CR did increase their PA but only in the light-intensity range. Alternative approaches in CR should be considered to encourage participants to move more and sit less.
Physiological Responses and Dynamic Hyperinflation Induced by Unsupported Arm Activities Involved in Multiple-Task Activities of Daily Living Test in Patients With COPD
Authors: Gulart Aline Almeida , Munari Anelise Bauer , dos Santos Karoliny , Tressoldi Caroline , Karloh Manuela , Mayer Anamaria Fleig 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
This study aimed to analyze the isolated role of unsupported arm activities and the physiological responses and dynamic hyperinflation (DH) induced by activities of daily living in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Physiological responses and DH were compared using the Glittre activities of daily living test (TGlittre) and a modified protocol that emphasized unsupported arm activities and excluded squats and bending down to move objects on shelves (TGlittre-M). Data were also compared from the isolated shelf tasks of TGlittre (TSHELF) and TGlittre-M (TSHELF-M).

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 30 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who performed the TGlittre, TGlittre-M, TSHELF and TSHELF-M. The physiological responses were evaluated during the 4 protocols and inspiratory capacity was measured before and immediately after the tests for evaluation of DH.

Results:
Patients had higher oxygen uptake, ventilatory demand, dyspnea, and DH in the TGlittre than in the TGlittre-M (mean differences: 123 ± 119 mL/min; 0.11 ± 0.10, 1 [−1 to 3], and − 0.14 ± 0.22, respectively; P < .05 for all). Oxygen uptake, ventilatory demand, and dyspnea were also higher in the TSHELF than in the TSHELF-M (mean differences: 408 ± 185 mL/min; 0.26 ± 0.17; 1 [−1 to 3], respectively; P < .05 for all). However, DH was similar for both tasks (P > .05).

Conclusions:
In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the physiological demands during unsupported arm activities were lower than during the task performed with squatting and bending down; however, the magnitude of DH did not differ between them. These results suggest that the isolated arm activities contribute less to the TGlittre's physiological requirement than the lower-limb and trunk activities.
Prioritization, Development, and Validation of American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Performance Measures
Authors: Pack Quinn R. , Bauldoff Gerene , Lichtman Steven W. , Buckley Maria , Eichenauer Kent , Gavic Anne , Garvey Chris , King Marjorie L. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
In 2014, the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Quality of Care Committee was asked to develop performance measures (PMs) to assess program quality and aid in program improvement and certification.

Methods:
A 3-step process was used to prioritize, develop, and then validate new PMs for both cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation programs. First, we surveyed national leadership, medical directors, and program directors to identify and rank various American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation potential PM topics. Then, the face validity of the drafted PMs was assessed in a second national survey. Finally, we assessed the inter- and intrarater reliability and feasibility of each PM by abstracting patient charts at programs throughout the United States. At each step, modifications were made to refine and improve the measures for clarity, reliability, and consistency.

Results:
Through survey answers received from 302 people (19% response rate), we identified 5 categories for PM development: optimal blood pressure control, tobacco use cessation, and improvement in functional capacity, depression, and sensation of dyspnea. After drafting the PMs, a second survey with 82 respondents (57% response rate), found that the proposed PMs had good face validity. Finally, we found excellent inter- and intrarater reliability for the blood pressure, functional capacity, depression, and dyspnea measures (κ generally >0.80.) However, validity concerns were raised about the tobacco intervention PM as written, and it continues to undergo further refinement and testing.

Conclusions:
We developed and validated 5 new PMs for use in cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation program quality assessment, improvement, and certification.
Effects of Preoperative Topometric Indices on Visual Gain After Intracorneal Ring Segment Implantation For Keratoconus
Authors: Utine Canan Asli , Durmaz Engin Ceren , Ayhan Ziya 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
To assess the corneal topometric parameters that can be predictive for better visual gain after intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation in eyes with keratoconus.

Methods:
A total of 42 eyes of 32 patients who underwent ICRS implantation at Dokuz Eylul University, Deparment of Ophthalmology, Cornea Divison were included. Changes in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refractive errors, and corneal topometric indices measured using Scheimpflug topography (Pentacam, Oculus) were evaluated retrospectively.

Results:
After creation of intrastromal tunnels of 5.01±0.03 mm inner diameter, 5.71±0.03 mm outer diameter and at 384.21±34.12 μm depth, 1 or 2 ICRS of 150 to 350 µm thickness and 90 to 210° arc length were implanted. Preoperative UDVA of 0.09±0.10 and CDVA of 0.29±0.14 Snellen lines improved postoperatively to 0.42±0.26 and 0.62±0.24, respectively (P<0.001 for both). Preoperative spherical equivalent of −6.35±4.58D and refractive astigmatism of −5.89±2.40D decreased to −3.59±3.86 and −2.25±1.66D, retrospectively (P<0.001 for both). Strong negative correlations were detected between preoperative mean simulated keratometry (SimKavg)/index of surface variance (ISV) and changes in UDVA/CDVA (P<0.01, for all). Postoperative change in ISV was positively correlated with thicknesses of implanted rings. Change in topographical keratoconus classification was positively and change in index of vertical asymmetry was negatively correlated with number of implanted rings (P<0.05 for all).

Conclusions:
Preoperative ISV value seems to be beneficial in predicting visual gain after ICRS implantation, in addition to SimKavg. Future work on new nomograms for ICRS selection that include ISV, besides refractive, topographic, and cone location data, is warranted.