bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperelliptic d-Tangential Covers and d× d-Matrix KdV Elliptic Solitons
Authors: Treibich Armando 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
More than $40$ years ago I. Krichever developed the Theory of (vector) Baker–Akhiezer functions and devised a criterion for a $d$-marked compact Riemann surface to provide $d\times d$-matrix solutions to the KdV equation. Later on he also found a criterion for a $d$-marked curve to provide $d\times d$-matrix solutions to the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation, doubly periodic with respect to $x$, the 1st KP flow. In particular, when both criteria apply, one should obtain $d\times d$-matrix KdV elliptic solitons. It seems, however, that the latter issue has been completely neglected until very recently (cf. [10] where the $d=2$ case is treated). In this article we fix a complex elliptic curve $X=\mathbb{C}/\Lambda$, corresponding to a lattice $\Lambda \subset \mathbb{C}$, and define so-called hyperelliptic $d$-tangential covers as $d$-marked covers of $X$ satisfying a geometric condition inside their Jacobians. They satisfy Krichever’s criteria and give rise, therefore, to families of $d\times d$-matrix KdV elliptic solitons. We also construct an anticanonical rational surface ${\mathcal S}$ naturally attached to $X$, with a Picard group of rank $10$. It turns out that the former covers of $X$ correspond to rational irreducible curves in suitable divisor classes of ${\mathcal S}$. We thus reduce their construction to proving that the associated Severi Varieties (of rational irreducible nodal curves) are not empty. The final key to the problem consists in finding rational reducible nodal curves in the latter divisor classes that can be deformed to irreducible ones, according to A. Tannenbaum’s criterion (see [5]). At last we deduce, for any $d\geq 2$, infinite families (of arbitrary high genus and degree) of hyperelliptic $d$-tangential covers, giving rise to $d\times d$-matrix KdV elliptic solitons.
CHALLENGES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE OF CR MAMMOGRAPHY IN TANZANIA
Authors: Jackson Jofrey , Muhogora Wilbroad E , Makundi Ismael N 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical practice of CR mammography in Tanzania. The equipment performance and operational conditions were studied; and mean glandular dose (DG) estimated to 75 women undergoing diagnosis at three mammography facilities. All mammograms during this study were reported to be useful for the intended diagnosis. The median DG for craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections ranged from 1.27 ± 0.18 mGy to 1.9 ± 0.27 mGy and from 1.3 ± 0.18 mGy to 1.9 ± 0.27 mGy, respectively, and were below the national regulatory guidance of 2.5 mGy. Despite this positive result, unavoidable inappropriate use of beam quality and tube loading settings which could have been through appropriate staff training and performing routine quality control were not uncommon. This work provides an insight of current operational conditions of CR in Tanzania and what strategy should be employed to this service to improve patient care in the country.
Financialization and the Decline of Organized Labor: A Study of 18 Advanced Capitalist Countries, 1970–2012
Authors: Kollmeyer Christopher , Peters John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIs financialization contributing to the slow decline of union density that is occurring across most advanced capitalist countries? Combining insights from literatures on financialization, corporate governance, and comparative political economy, we argue that the growing dominance of finance within advanced capitalism weakens unions through several channels, and plays an important but underappreciated role in the deunionization of national workforces. Using data from 18 advanced capitalist countries over several decades, this assertion is tested against the literature’s existing explanations for declining union density. Results from panel regression models suggest that financialization is an important cause of union decline, but that its particular effects vary between different types of advanced capitalism. The study concludes by arguing that financialization creates new interconnections between firms and finance capital, resulting in business practices that ultimately put downward pressure on union densities across advanced capitalist countries.
In patients with heart failure the burden of central sleep apnea increases in the late sleep hours
Authors: Javaheri Shahrokh , McKane Scott W , Cameron Nathan , Germany Robin E , Malhotra Atul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStudy ObjectivesPeriodic breathing with central sleep apnea (CSA) is common in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Based on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CSA, we hypothesized that the frequency of CSA episodes would increase in the late hours of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) of sleep.MethodsForty-one patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <40% underwent full-night-attended polysomnography scored by a central core lab. Because central apneas occur primarily in NREM sleep, total NREM sleep time for each patient was divided into 8 equal duration segments. Segment event counts were normalized to an events/hour index based on sleep segment duration.ResultsCentral apnea index (CAI) varied among sleep segments (p = 0.001). As expected CAI was higher in segment 1 compared to segments 2 and 3, increasing during later segments. The minimum CAI occurred in segment 2 with mean ± SD of 21 ± 3 events/hour and maximum CAI was in segment 8 with 37 ± 4 events/hour. We also determined central apnea duration which varied among segments (p = 0.005), with longer durations later in the night (segment 1: 22 ± 1 seconds; segment 8: 26 ± 1 seconds, p < 0.001). Data were also analyzed including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, with similar results. Further, comparison of CAI between the first and second half of the night showed a significant increase in the index. Circulation time did not change across the segments (p = 0.073).ConclusionsIn patients with left ventricular dysfunction and CSA, central apnea burden (number and duration) increases during later hours of sleep. These findings have pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT01124370.
Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Cognitive Change Associated with Anaesthesia and Surgery—2018
Authors: Evered L. , Silbert B. , Knopman D. S. , Scott D. A. , DeKosky S. T. , Rasmussen L. S. , Oh E. S. , Crosby G. , Berger M. , Eckenhoff R. G. ,   The Nomenclature Consensus Working Group
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Cognitive change affecting patients after anaesthesia and surgery has been recognised for more than 100 yr. Research into cognitive change after anaesthesia and surgery accelerated in the 1980s when multiple studies utilised detailed neuropsychological testing for assessment of cognitive change after cardiac surgery. This body of work consistently documented decline in cognitive function in elderly patients after anaesthesia and surgery, and cognitive changes have been identified up to 7.5 yr afterwards. Importantly, other studies have identified that the incidence of cognitive change is similar after non-cardiac surgery. Other than the inclusion of non-surgical control groups to calculate postoperative cognitive dysfunction, research into these cognitive changes in the perioperative period has been undertaken in isolation from cognitive studies in the general population. The aim of this work is to develop similar terminology to that used in cognitive classifications of the general population for use in investigations of cognitive changes after anaesthesia and surgery. A multispecialty working group followed a modified Delphi procedure with no prespecified number of rounds comprised of three face-to-face meetings followed by online editing of draft versions.
Two major classification guidelines (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, fifth edition [DSM-5] and National Institute for Aging and the Alzheimer Association [NIA-AA]) are used outside of anaesthesia and surgery, and may be useful for inclusion of biomarkers in research. For clinical purposes, it is recommended to use the DSM-5 nomenclature. The working group recommends that ‘perioperative neurocognitive disorders’ be used as an overarching term for cognitive impairment identified in the preoperative or postoperative period. This includes cognitive decline diagnosed before operation (described as neurocognitive disorder); any form of acute event (postoperative delirium) and cognitive decline diagnosed up to 30 days after the procedure (delayed neurocognitive recovery) and up to 12 months (postoperative neurocognitive disorder).
10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF A SUBCLINICAL CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULAR MEMBRANE IN A PATIENT WITH AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: Chen Katherine G. , Christakis Panos G. , Chew Emily Y. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To provide long-term, natural history data of a case of a subclinical choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) in the setting of age-related macular degeneration.

Methods:
Retrospective review of the 10-year clinical course of a patient including multimodal imaging.

Results:
A 75-year-old white female with macular degeneration presented with visual acuity of 20/25 in the right eye and 20/40 in the left eye. In the left eye, a retinal pigment epithelial detachment with associated subretinal and intraretinal fluid was found on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Fluorescein angiography was consistent with a predominately classic CNVM, which was well-visualized on indocyanine green angiography. Treatment was initiated with bevacizumab for 10 months that reduced the amount of subretinal and intraretinal fluid, but progressive geographic atrophy developed over the subsequent 9 years reducing vision to 20/100. Interestingly, at initial presentation, a nonexudative fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment was detected in the right (contralateral) eye. This was monitored with multimodal imaging twice yearly for 10 years without any signs of exudation, and vision remained 20/25. Optical coherence tomography angiography revealed a remarkably similar appearance of the subclinical CNVM compared with indocyanine green angiography 10 years prior, suggesting anatomical stability.

Conclusion:
The advent of optical coherence tomography angiography has increased the detection of subclinical CNVMs. Recent evidence suggests that subclinical CNVMs have a high rate of progression to exudation over 1 year, which raises the question of whether early treatment is beneficial. This case provides 10-year follow-up with multimodal imaging (fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography) of a subclinical CNVM, which remained stable and without exudation, suggesting that they may be closely observed.
Dopamine receptor D2, but not D1, mediates descending dopaminergic pathway–produced analgesic effect in a trigeminal neuropathic pain mouse model
Authors: Liu Sufang , Tang Yuanyuan , Shu Hui , Tatum Delton , Bai Qian , Crawford Joshua , Xing Ying , Lobo Mary Kay , Bellinger Larry , Kramer Phillip , Tao Feng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNeuropathic pain represents a challenge to clinicians because it is resistant to commonly prescribed analgesics due to its largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we investigated a descending dopaminergic pathway–mediated modulation of trigeminal neuropathic pain. We performed chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve from the maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve to induce trigeminal neuropathic pain in mice. Our retrograde tracing showed that the descending dopaminergic projection from hypothalamic A11 nucleus to spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis is bilateral. Optogenetic/chemogenetic manipulation of dopamine receptors D1 and D2 in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis produced opposite effects on the nerve injury–induced trigeminal neuropathic pain. Specific excitation of dopaminergic neurons in the A11 nucleus attenuated the trigeminal neuropathic pain through the activation of D2 receptors in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Conversely, specific ablation of the A11 dopaminergic neurons exacerbated such pain. Our results suggest that the descending A11−spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis dopaminergic projection is critical for the modulation of trigeminal neuropathic pain and could be manipulated to treat such pain.
Accelerating the Drug Delivery Pipeline for Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Lowe Mark E. , Goodman Marc T. , Coté Gregory A. , Glesby Marshall J. , Haupt Mark , Schork Nicholas J. , Singh Vikesh K. , Andersen Dana K. , Pandol Stephen J. , Uc Aliye , Whitcomb David C. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) is a complex clinical syndrome with significant morbidity, unpredictable outcomes, and limited treatment options. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease sponsored a workshop on July 25, 2018, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to address research gaps impeding development of effective therapies for pancreatitis. The RAP working group identified challenges to clinical progress using existing definitions, risk assessment, diagnostic and severity criteria, disease trajectories, outcomes, and research methods. Recurrent acute pancreatitis includes all the risk of acute pancreatitis and often progresses to chronic pancreatitis with variable complications of chronic pain, exocrine insufficiency, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer. However, the great variability among individuals with RAP requires better precision in defining the risks, individual episodes, as well as their frequency, pathogenic pathways, and specific outcome measures for each of the systems affected by pancreatic inflammation. Because of disease complexity, few patients are similar enough for traditional studies and methods to conduct clinical trials with small sample sizes are required. The need for genetic testing, biomarker development, and better imaging methods was highlighted. Adaptive and N-of-one study designs, better endpoints, and outcome measures including patient-reported outcomes should considered early in developing future therapeutic trial design and include all stakeholders.
INternational Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a CuRE Cohort Study
Authors: Uc Aliye , Perito Emily R. , Pohl John F. , Shah Uzma , Abu-El-Haija Maisam , Barth Bradley , Bellin Melena D. , Ellery Kate M. , Fishman Douglas S. , Gariepy Cheryl E. , Giefer Matthew J. , Gonska Tanja , Heyman Melvin B. , Himes Ryan W. , Husain Sohail Z. , Maqbool Asim , Mascarenhas Maria R. , McFerron Brian A. , Morinville Veronique D. , Lin Tom K. , Liu Quin Y. , Nathan Jaimie D. , Rhee Sue J. , Ooi Chee Y. , Sellers Zachary M. , Schwarzenberg Sarah Jane , Serrano Jose , Troendle David M. , Werlin Steven L. , Wilschanski Michael , Zheng Yuhua , Yuan Ying , Lowe Mark E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We created the INternational Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a CuRE (INSPPIRE 2) cohort to study the risk factors, natural history, and outcomes of pediatric acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Patient and physician questionnaires collect information on demographics, clinical history, family and social history, and disease outcomes. Health-related quality of life, depression, and anxiety are measured using validated questionnaires. Information entered on paper questionnaires is transferred into a database managed by Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer's Coordinating and Data Management Center. Biosamples are collected for DNA isolation and analysis of most common pancreatitis-associated genes.
Twenty-two sites (18 in the United States, 2 in Canada, and 1 each in Israel and Australia) are participating in the INSPPIRE 2 study. These sites have enrolled 211 subjects into the INSPPIRE 2 database toward our goal to recruit more than 800 patients in 2 years. The INSPPIRE 2 cohort study is an extension of the INSPPIRE cohort study with a larger and more diverse patient population. Our goals have expanded to include evaluating risk factors for CP, its sequelae, and psychosocial factors associated with pediatric acute recurrent pancreatitis and CP.
Accelerating the Drug Delivery Pipeline for Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Abu-El-Haija Maisam , Gukovskaya Anna S. , Andersen Dana K. , Gardner Timothy B. , Hegyi Peter , Pandol Stephen J. , Papachristou Georgios I. , Saluja Ashok K. , Singh Vikesh K. , Uc Aliye , Wu Bechien U. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to focus on research gaps and opportunities on drug development for pancreatitis. This conference was held on July 25, 2018, and structured into 3 working groups (WG): acute pancreatitis (AP) WG, recurrent AP WG, and chronic pancreatitis WG. This article reports the outcome of the work accomplished by the AP WG to provide the natural history, epidemiology, and current management of AP; inform about the role of preclinical models in therapy selection; and discuss clinical trial designs with clinical and patient-reported outcomes to test new therapies.
Renal Cell Carcinoma With (Angio)Leiomyomatous Stroma in a Patient With TSC2 Mutation: A Case Report
Authors: Hibbert Joseph Milo , Janssen Karmon , Simper Novae B. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We present the case of a 34-year-old woman with a TSC2 gene mutation diagnosed with 4 distinct renal cell carcinomas with (angio)leiomyomatous stroma and 2 concomitant angiomyolipomas of the left kidney. Histologically, the nodules, located in the renal cortex, were mostly encapsulated with an abundant smooth muscle stromal component, which delved into the central epithelial component of the tumor forming septations. The epithelial component was made up of elongated tubules, papillae, and acinar structures with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm and apical snouts. Focal acinar structures were filled with hypereosinophilic material. The nuclei were basally located and supported by a delicate vascular network. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the tumor cells to express cytokeratin 7, CD10 variably, and carbonic anhydrase IX in an incomplete “cup-like” membranous pattern. The tumor cells did not express AMACR, TFE3, MART-1, or cathepsin K. This report describes a unique presentation of a rare entity and brings attention to an evolving diagnostic field. We discuss problems and controversy surrounding the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma with (angio)leiomyomatous stroma, its relationship to clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma and other tumors, and how it correlates with newly discovered genetic mutations.
Pancreatic-Type Mixed Acinar Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Arising in the Common Bile Duct: A Case Report
Authors: Shafique Khurram , Lee Lik Hang , Samad Arbaz , Wang Lu , Klimstra David S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Mixed acinar neuroendocrine carcinoma (MAcNEC) of pancreatic type arising in an extrapancreatic location is extremely rare. We present a case of a 70-year-old woman with constipation, abdominal discomfort, and jaundice. Imaging studies revealed a 1.8-cm solid mass in the common bile duct causing dilatation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, which was resected. Microscopically, the tumor was limited to the wall of the bile duct, without involvement of the pancreas, and was composed of solid sheets and nests of relatively monomorphic cells with minimal to moderate amounts of cytoplasm, granular chromatin, focally prominent nucleoli, and up to 160 mitoses per 10 high-power fields. Immunohistochemistry showed equal to or greater than 30% positivity for synaptophysin, chromogranin, chymotrypsin, and trypsin. A diagnosis of MAcNEC was rendered. Immunohistochemistry plays a pivotal role in the identification of these tumors and discrimination from other related entities, neuroendocrine neoplasms in particular. Because pancreatic heterotopia has been described in the common bile duct, we postulate that this case of MAcNEC in the common bile duct, the first to be reported in the literature, may have arisen via malignant transformation of pancreatic heterotopia.
Outcomes of Elbow Flexion Reconstruction in Patients Older than 50 with Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury
Authors: Gillis Joshua A. , Khouri Joseph S. , Kircher Michelle F. , Spinner Robert J. , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
There is controversy regarding the effectiveness of brachial plexus reconstruction for elbow function in older patients, as reported outcomes are generally poor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate elbow function outcomes in patients older than 50.

Methods:
Fifty-eight patients older than 50 years underwent nerve grafting, transfers, or free functioning muscle transfer to improve elbow function after traumatic brachial plexus injury. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively for elbow flexion strength and range of motion; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores; pain; concomitant trauma; severity of trauma; and type of reconstruction.

Results:
The average age of the patients was 57.8 years, and the average follow-up was 24.0 months. The average modified British Medical Research Council elbow flexion grade improved significantly from 0.26 to 2.63. Thirty-three patients (60 percent) achieved functional flexion greater than or equal to M3 postoperatively, compared to zero patients preoperatively. There was no correlation between age and modified British Medical Research Council grade. Active elbow range of motion improved significantly postoperatively, with no effect of age on flexion motion. More patients achieved greater than or equal to M3 flexion with nerve transfers (69 percent) compared to free functioning muscle transfer (43 percent). Patients had worse outcomes with high-energy injuries. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score decreased from 51.5 to 49.6 postoperatively, and the average pain score decreased from 5.0 to 4.3.

Conclusion:
Brachial plexus reconstruction for elbow function in patients older than 50 can yield useful flexion.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Unexpected Corpus Callosum Involvement of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Kan Ying , Wang Yu , Wang Wei , Liu Jie , Yang Jigang 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most frequent subtype of lymphoid malignancy. Corpus callosum involvement of DLBCL was rarely reported. We present a case of DLBCL involving not only lymph nodes and bowels but also corpus callosum, detected by FDG PET/CT in a patient without neurological symptoms. After 4 cycles of systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy, all previously visualized abnormal activity disappeared on the follow-up FDG PET/CT.
Mediastinal Remnant Thymic Tissue Misdiagnosed as Ectopic Parathyroid Hyperplasia in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Zhang Jun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A 56-year-old woman with secondary hyperparathyroidism was referred for preoperative localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid lesions. 99mTc-MIBI dual-phase and SPECT/CT parathyroid scan showed multiple focal activities behind the thyroid and in the anterior mediastinum, diagnosed as parathyroid hyperplasia. However, the histopathological findings proved them to be hyperplastic parathyroid glands and remnant thymic tissue after parathyroidectomy and unnecessary thoracotomy, respectively.