bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flying Metrology and Defect Identification for Aircraft Surface Inspection
Authors: Buckhorst Armin F. , Kluge‐Wilkes Aline , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA commercial aircraft is struck by lightning on average once a year. To rule out possible damage to the aircraft, a time‐consuming visual inspection of the aircraft is carried out by maintenance staff. In order to reduce overall maintenance costs and aircraft on ground time, an autonomous unpiloted aerial vehicle is utilized. The mobile unit allows an easy inspection of the compromised area, by carrying industrial camera technology to digitalize the aircrafts’ surface. So this approach applies and extends classic machine vision as well as machine learning algorithms to automatically detect maintenance‐relevant surface defects in location‐indexed images recorded by the system.
Nanogrooved carbon microtubes for wet three‐dimensional printing of conductive composite structures
Authors: Nasri‐Nasrabadi Bijan , Kaynak Akif , Seyedin Shayan , Komeily‐Nia Zahra , Kouzani Abbas Z 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent advances in three‐dimensional (3D) printing have enabled the fabrication of interesting structures which are not achievable using traditional fabrication approaches. The 3D printing of carbon microtube composite inks allows fabrication of conductive structures for practical applications in soft robotics and tissue engineering. However, it is challenging to achieve 3D printed structures from solution‐based composite inks, which requires an additional process to solidify the ink. Here, we introduce a wet 3D printing technique which uses a coagulation bath to fabricate carbon microtube composite structures. We show that through a facile nanogrooving approach which introduces cavitation and channels on carbon microtubes, enhanced interfacial interactions with a chitosan polymer matrix are achieved. Consequently, the mechanical properties of the 3D printed composites improve when nanogrooved carbon microtubes are used, compared to untreated microtubes. We show that by carefully controlling the coagulation bath, extrusion pressure, printing distance and printed line distance, we can 3D print composite lattices which are composed of well‐defined and separated printed lines. The conductive composite 3D structures with highly customised design presented in this work provide a suitable platform for applications ranging from soft robotics to smart tissue engineering scaffolds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Activity Monitor Placed at the Nonparetic Ankle Is Accurate in Measuring Step Counts During Community Walking in Poststroke Individuals: A Validation Study
Authors: Duclos Noémie C. , Aguiar Larissa T. , Aissaoui Rachid , Faria Christina D.C.M. , Nadeau Sylvie , Duclos Cyril 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundDifferent environmental factors may affect the accuracy of step‐count activity monitors (AM). However, the validation conditions for AM accuracy largely differ from ecological environments.ObjectivesTo assess and compare the accuracy of AM in counting steps among poststroke individuals: during different locomotor tasks, with AM placed at the nonparetic ankle or hip, and when walking in a laboratory or inside a mall.DesignValidation study.SettingsLaboratory and community settings.ParticipantsTwenty persons with chronic hemiparesis, independent walkers.MethodsFirst session: participants performed level walking (6‐minute walk test [6MWT]), ramps, and stairs in the laboratory with AM placed at the nonparetic ankle and hip. Second session: participants walked a mall circuit, including the three tasks, with AM placed at the nonparetic ankle. The sessions were video recorded.Main Outcome MeasurementsAbsolute difference between the steps counted by AM and the steps viewed on the video recordings (errors, %); occurrence of errors greater than 10%.ResultsMedian errors were similar for the 6MWT (0.86 [0.22, 7.70]%), ramps (2.17 [0.89, 9.61]%), and stairs (8.33 [2.65, 19.22]%) with AM at the ankle. Step‐count error was lower when AM was placed at the ankle (8.33 [2.65, 19.22]%) than at the hip (9.26 [3.25, 42.63]%, P = .03). The greatest errors were observed among the slowest participants (≤0.4 m/s) on ramps and stairs, whereas some faster participants (>1 m/s) experienced the greatest error during the 6MWT. Median error was slightly increased in the mall circuit (2.67 [0.61, 12.54]%) compared with the 6MWT (0.50 [0.24, 6.79]%, P = .04), with more participants showing errors >10% during the circuit (7 vs 2, P = .05).ConclusionsStep counts are accurately measured with AM placed at the nonparetic ankle in laboratory and community settings. Accuracy can be altered by stairs and ramps among the slowest walkers and by prolonged walking tasks among faster walkers.Level of EvidenceIII.
Inciting Events Associated With Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Rainville James , Caparó Moorice , Laxer Eric , Pena Enrique , Kim David H. , Milam R. Alden , Carkner Eric 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundCervical radiculopathy (CR) is a clinical diagnosis defined as a combination of neck, shoulder, and arm pain, often accompanied by sensory and motor symptoms. CR is often caused by degenerative spine pathology associated with impingement of a cervical nerve root, and this pathology can be visualized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT). [Correction added September 4, 2019, after online publication: ‘computer tomography’ corrected to ‘computed tomography’] Factors that are associated with the onset of CR have not been explored.ObjectiveTo investigate the types and frequencies of patient‐reported inciting events associated with CR in patients with imaged‐confirmed pathologies that correlate with symptoms.DesignProspective observational case series.SettingTwo spine physiatry and three orthopedic spine surgery practices.PatientsOne hundred twenty‐two patients with symptoms suggestive of CR were recruited. Of these, 107 patients had MRI or CT evidence of cervical disk herniation or foraminal stenosis that correlated with symptoms and matched our inclusion criteria.MethodsWe categorized patient‐reported inciting events associated with onset of CR into six categories reflecting increasing severity of inciting event, and recorded the clinical characteristics, physical examination findings, pain intensity, and disability. We analyzed the characteristics of patients based on subgroups of inciting events.ResultsTwo‐thirds of patients reported that they either awoke with symptoms or symptoms began without a memorable event, and one‐third of patients reported inciting physical activity or trauma associated with the onset of CR. Clinical characteristics of CR were not influenced by categories of inciting events.ConclusionMost CR with correlating spine pathology was found to have onset without a specific inciting events. Furthermore, physical inciting events did not influence the severity of clinical manifestation of CR.Level of EvidenceIV.
Grafting a short chameleon sequence from αB crystallin into a β‐sheet scaffold protein
Authors: Hori Yuki , Fujiwara Hideki , Fujiwara Wataru , Makabe Koki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany protein and peptide sequences are self‐assembled into β‐sheet‐rich fibrous structures called amyloids. Their atomic details provide insights into fundamental knowledge related to amyloid diseases. To study the detailed structure of the amyloid, we have developed a model system that mimics the self‐assembling process of the amyloid within a water‐soluble protein, termed peptide self‐assembly mimic (PSAM). PSAM enables capturing of a peptide sequence within a water‐soluble protein, thus making structural and energetics‐related studies possible. In this work, we extend our PSAM approach to a naturally occurring chameleon sequence from αB crystallin. We chose “Val–Leu–Gly–Asp–Val (VLGDV)”, a five amino‐acid sequence, which forms a β‐turn in the native structure and a β‐barrel in the amyloid oligomer cylindrin, as a grafting sequence to the PSAM scaffold. The crystal structure revealed that the sequence grafting induced β‐sheet bending at the grafted site. We further investigated the role of the central glycine residue and found that its role in the β‐sheet bending is dependent on the neighboring residues. The ability of PSAM to observe the structural alterations induced by the grafted sequence provides an opportunity to evaluate the structural impact of a sequence from the peptide self‐assembly.
Novel trunk trap net designs for the control of Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Yang Kailang , Wen Xiaojian , Ren Yuan , Wen Junbao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus is a major pest of tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, in China. Damage caused by E. scrobiculatus has increased as beetle populations have expanded. We developed a trunk trap net (TTN) and two modified TTNs, that is, a TTN with a wire ring (TTN‐WR) and a TTN with a spongy cushion (TTN‐SC), and evaluated their ability to capture E. scrobiculatus in plantations of A. altissima.RESULTSWe obtained significantly higher laboratory weevil recapture rates using the TTN‐WR and TTN‐SC (98 and 95.3%, respectively) than using the TTN (65.3%). In total, 84.8 and 85.8% of marked weevils were captured by the TTN‐WR and TTN‐SC, respectively; 1.52‐ and 1.54‐fold greater than the catch rates using a TTN in mark–release–recapture field trials. Similarly, we captured significantly more wild weevils using the TTN‐WR and TTN‐SC (2.02‐ and 2.03‐fold more weevils) than using the TTN. Further field trials showed that the TTN‐SC treatment significantly reduced densities of weevils and damage to tree of heaven in stands.CONCLUSIONOur results revealed that the TTN‐SC is clearly effective for capturing E. scrobiculatus. TTN‐SC may be used as an alternative for E. scrobiculatus management with less or no insecticide. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Everyday Experiences of Place in the Kazakhstani Borderland: Russian Speakers Between Kazakhstan, Russia, and the Globe
Authors: Jašina-Schäfer Alina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes different ways Russian speakers residing in Petropavlovsk, a city in northern Kazakhstan close to the border with Russia, make sense of the place they inhabit and form a sense of belonging to it. Politically and geographically speaking, Petropavlovsk serves as a contested area divided between Russian and Kazakhstani nation-building projects. While keeping in mind the antagonistic politics of both states, this research rather focuses on the everyday practices and personal narratives of Russian speakers living in this area. With the help of empirical material collected during the interviews and dwelling alongside the participants, this article demonstrates how through symbolic practices and everyday life experiences Russian speakers differently construct their understanding of Petropavlovsk as a Russian, Kazakh, and global space simultaneously.
Schur's theorem and its relation to the closure properties of the non-abelian tensor product
Authors: Donadze G. , Ladra M. , Páez-Guillán P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe show that the Schur multiplier of a Noetherian group need not be finitely generated. We prove that the non-abelian tensor product of a polycyclic (resp. polycyclic-by-finite) group and a Noetherian group is a polycyclic (resp. polycyclic-by-finite) group. We also prove new versions of Schur's theorem.
Strong maximum principles for fractional elliptic and parabolic problems with mixed boundary conditions
Authors: Barrios Begoña , Medina Maria 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present some comparison results for solutions to certain non-local elliptic and parabolic problems that involve the fractional Laplacian operator and mixed boundary conditions, given by a zero Dirichlet datum on part of the complementary of the domain and zero Neumann data on the rest. These results represent a non-local generalization of a Hopf's lemma for elliptic and parabolic problems with mixed conditions. In particular we prove the non-local version of the results obtained by Dávila and Dávila and Dupaigne for the classical cases= 1 in [23, 24] respectively.
A stability index for travelling waves in activator-inhibitor systems
Authors: Cornwell Paul , Jones Christopher K. R. T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe consider the stability of nonlinear travelling waves in a class of activator-inhibitor systems. The eigenvalue equation arising from linearizing about the wave is seen to preserve the manifold of Lagrangian planes for a nonstandard symplectic form. This allows us to define a Maslov index for the wave corresponding to the spatial evolution of the unstable bundle. We formulate the Evans function for the eigenvalue problem and show that the parity of the Maslov index determines the sign of the derivative of the Evans function at the origin. The connection between the Evans function and the Maslov index is established by a ‘detection form,’ which identifies conjugate points for the curve of Lagrangian planes.
DEFINING ‘PERSONAL CONSUMPTION’ IN DRUG LEGISLATION AND SPANISH CANNABIS CLUBS
Authors: Marks Amber 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article provides an analysis of the normative framework for Spanish cannabis clubs by contextualizing it within the growing body of comparative constitutional law that recognizes legal obstructions to personal drug consumption as intrusions of the right to privacy. Article 3(2) of the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988 relieves State parties from the Article's obligation to criminalize drug possession and cultivation for ‘personal consumption’ when doing so would conflict with their constitution or basic concepts of their legal system. Spain relied on Article 3(2) in its decision not to criminalize conduct involving personal consumption. The Spanish judiciary has had to consider the legal implications of collective consumption and cultivation in the form of cannabis clubs. In addition to operating in a grey area of domestic law, Spain's cannabis clubs straddle the blurred boundary in international and European legal instruments between ‘personal consumption’ and ‘drug trafficking’. This article explores the theoretical and doctrinal implications of both Spanish law on cannabis clubs and comparative human rights law on drug use to outline the potential contours of a constitutionally protected zone of privacy pertaining to cannabis use in a social context.
THE DATA EMBASSY UNDER PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Sierzputowski Bartłomiej 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the data embassy, a new international legal concept created in response to a pressing problem. In 2007, Estonia fell victim to ‘distributed denial-of-service attacks’ and consequently, made Estonia's entire public sector data communications network inoperable. Their response was to strengthen their protection against and penalization for cybercrime, and to develop the concept of a ‘data embassy’. On 20 June 2017 the Republic of Estonia and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg signed an ‘Agreement on the hosting of data and information systems’, to host Estonian data in Luxembourg. Such data embassies perform a unique function and benefit from many privileges and immunities, but their legal status has been unclear. This article addresses the question concerning the legal status of the premises of the data embassy.
The East African Court of Justice, Enforcement of Foreign Arbitration Awards and the East African Community Integration Process
Authors: Oppong Richard Frimpong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the legal regimes for enforcing foreign arbitral awards within the East African Community (EAC). It focuses specifically on the enforcement of awards from partner states as well as from the East African Court of Justice (EACJ), which, although a supranational court, has jurisdiction to accept parties’ designation to act as an arbitral tribunal. The EAC has not yet developed a supranational community law based regime for enforcing foreign arbitral awards. The current dominant regime for enforcing such awards is the New York Convention. The article examines how the convention has been applied in the partner states and discusses aspects of the existing jurisprudence that demand reconsideration. It examines the suitability of applying the convention regime to awards from the EACJ, and the case for harmonizing the legal regimes for enforcing foreign arbitral awards within the EAC.
Creation of a novel algorithm to identify patients with Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophy within an administrative database and application of the algorithm to assess cardiovascular morbidity
Authors: Soslow Jonathan H , Hall Matthew , Burnette W Bryan , Hor Kan , Chisolm Joanne , Spurney Christopher , Godown Justin , Xu Meng , Slaughter James C , Markham Larry W 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundOutcome analyses in large administrative databases are ideal for rare diseases such as Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Unfortunately, Becker and Duchenne do not yet have specific International Classification of Disease-9/-10 codes. We hypothesised that an algorithm could accurately identify these patients within administrative data and improve assessment of cardiovascular morbidity.MethodsHospital discharges (n=13,189) for patients with muscular dystrophy classified by International Classification of Disease-9 code: 359.1 were identified from the Pediatric Health Information System database. An identification algorithm was created and then validated at three institutions. Multi-variable generalised linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the associations of length of stay, hospitalisation cost, and 14-day readmission with age, encounter severity, and respiratory disease accounting for clustering within the hospital.ResultsThe identification algorithm improved identification of patients with Becker and Duchenne from 55% (code 359.1 alone) to 77%. On bi-variate analysis, left ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmia were associated with increased cost of hospitalisation, length of stay, and mortality (p<0.001). After adjustment, Becker and Duchenne patients with left ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmia had increased length of stay with rate ratio 1.4 and 1.2 (p<0.001 and p=0.004) and increased cost of hospitalization with rate ratio 1.4 and 1.4 (both p<0.001).ConclusionsOur algorithm accurately identifies patients with Becker and Duchenne and can be used for future analysis of administrative data. Our analysis demonstrates the significant effects of cardiovascular disease on length of stay and hospitalisation cost in patients with Becker and Duchenne. Better recognition of the contribution of cardiovascular disease during hospitalisation with earlier more intensive evaluation and therapy may help improve outcomes in this patient population.
A genetic profile of bovine pestiviruses circulating in Brazil (1998–2018)
Authors: Flores E. F. , Cargnelutti J. F. , Monteiro F. L. , Bauermann F. V. , Ridpath J. F. , Weiblen R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe pestiviruses bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), 2 (BVDV-2), and HoBi-like (HoBiPeV) are endemic among Brazilian cattle, the world's largest commercial bovine herd. In the last two decades (1998–2018) over 300 bovine pestiviruses have been partially or fully sequenced in Brazil, including viruses from different regions, different epidemiological backgrounds, and associated with diverse clinical presentations. Phylogenetic analysis of these viruses demonstrated a predominance of BVDV-1 (54.4%), with subgenotypes −1a (33.9% of total) and −1b (16.3%) being more frequent and subgenotypes −1d, −1e, and −1i at very low frequencies. The overall BVDV-2 frequency was 25.7% but it varied largely by region, reaching up to 48% in Southern states. BVDV-2b was the predominant subgenotype (84.8% of BVDV-2), followed by BVDV-2a (8.86%). HoBiPeV accounted for 19.9% (61/307) of the genotyped viruses and were detected at high frequency in cattle from Northeastern states. These findings demonstrate a unique mix of pestivirus species and subgenotypes, unlike that seen in Europe or North America. The design of effective diagnostic tools, vaccines, and control programs for limiting bovine pestivirus infections in Brazil must take into consideration this unique mix of viruses. This article provides a critical review of two decades of genetic identification of pestiviruses in Brazil.
VARIETIES OF DE MORGAN MONOIDS: COVERS OF ATOMS
Authors: MORASCHINI T. , RAFTERY J. G. , WANNENBURG J. J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe variety DMM of De Morgan monoids has just four minimal subvarieties. The join-irreducible covers of these atoms in the subvariety lattice of DMM are investigated. One of the two atoms consisting of idempotent algebras has no such cover; the other has just one. The remaining two atoms lack nontrivial idempotent members. They are generated, respectively, by 4-element De Morgan monoids C4 and D4, where C4 is the only nontrivial 0-generated algebra onto which finitely subdirectly irreducible De Morgan monoids may be mapped by noninjective homomorphisms. The homomorphic preimages of C4 within DMM (together with the trivial De Morgan monoids) constitute a proper quasivariety, which is shown to have a largest subvariety U. The covers of the variety (C4) within U are revealed here. There are just ten of them (all finitely generated). In exactly six of these ten varieties, all nontrivial members have C4 as a retract. In the varietal join of those six classes, every subquasivariety is a variety—in fact, every finite subdirectly irreducible algebra is projective. Beyond U, all covers of (C4) [or of (D4)] within DMM are discriminator varieties. Of these, we identify infinitely many that are finitely generated, and some that are not. We also prove that there are just 68 minimal quasivarieties of De Morgan monoids.
The tide has turned: incidence of depression declined in community living young-old adults over one decade
Authors: Jeuring H.W. , Hoogendijk E.O. , Comijs H.C. , Deeg D.J.H. , Beekman A.T.F. , Huisman M. , Stek M.L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Aims
Studying birth-cohort differences in depression incidence and their explanatory factors may provide insight into the aetiology of depression and could help to optimise prevention strategies to reduce the worldwide burden of depression.

Methods
Data were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, a nationally representative study among community dwelling older adults in the Netherlands. Cohort differences in depression incidence over a 10-year-period (score ⩾16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale) were tested using a cohort-sequential-longitudinal-design, comparing two identically measured cohorts of non-depressed 55–64-year-olds, born 10-years apart. Baseline measurements took place in 1992/93 (early cohort, n = 794), and 2002/03 (recent cohort, n = 771). As indicated by the dynamic equilibrium model of depression, potential explanatory factors were distinguished in risk and protective factors.

Results
The incidence rates for depression in the early and recent cohort were 1.91 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59–2.27) and 1.60 (95% CI 1.31–1.94) per 100 person-years, respectively. A 29% risk reduction in depression incidence was observed in the recent cohort (HRcohort: 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.92, p = 0.011), as compared with the early cohort, even though average levels of risk factors such as chronic disease and functional limitations had increased. This reduction was primarily explained by increased levels of education, mastery and labour market participation.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that favourable developments of protective factors have counterbalanced unfavourable effects of risk factors on the incidence of depression, resulting in a net reduction of depression incidence among young-old adults. However, maintaining a good physical health must be a priority to further decrease depression rates.