bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel CUL7 mutation in a Japanese patient with 3M syndrome
Authors: Takatani Tomozumi , Shiohama Tadashi , Takatani Rieko , Shimojo Naoki 
Published: October 2018

Abstract3M syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by severe pre-natal and post-natal growth retardation, dysmorphic facial features, and skeletal abnormalities. We present a patient with 3M syndrome caused by the compound heterozygous mutations p.Trp68* and p.Gly1452Asp in CUL7, the latter of which is novel, who exhibited a good body height response to growth hormone treatment. These results expand our knowledge of phenotype–genotype correlations in 3M syndrome, including correlations relevant to growth hormone response.
6mer seed toxicity in tumor suppressive microRNAs
Authors: Gao Quan Q. , Putzbach William E. , Murmann Andrea E. , Chen Siquan , Sarshad Aishe A. , Peter Johannes M. , Bartom Elizabeth T. , Hafner Markus , Peter Marcus E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany small-interfering (si)RNAs are toxic to cancer cells through a 6mer seed sequence (positions 2–7 of the guide strand). Here we performed an siRNA screen with all 4096 6mer seeds revealing a preference for guanine in positions 1 and 2 and a high overall G or C content in the seed of the most toxic siRNAs for four tested human and mouse cell lines. Toxicity of these siRNAs stems from targeting survival genes with C-rich 3′UTRs. The master tumor suppressor miRNA miR-34a-5p is toxic through such a G-rich 6mer seed and is upregulated in cells subjected to genotoxic stress. An analysis of all mature miRNAs suggests that during evolution most miRNAs evolved to avoid guanine at the 5′ end of the 6mer seed sequence of the guide strand. In contrast, for certain tumor-suppressive miRNAs the guide strand contains a G-rich toxic 6mer seed, presumably to eliminate cancer cells.
Optimized electrical control of a Si/SiGe spin qubit in the presence of an induced frequency shift
Authors: Takeda K. , Yoneda J. , Otsuka T. , Nakajima T. , Delbecq M. R. , Allison G. , Hoshi Y. , Usami N. , Itoh K. M. , Oda S. , Kodera T. , Tarucha S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractElectron spins confined in quantum dots are an attractive system to realize high-fidelity qubits owing to their long coherence time. With the prolonged spin coherence time, however, the control fidelity can be limited by systematic errors rather than decoherence, making characterization and suppression of their influence crucial for further improvement. Here we report that the control fidelity of Si/SiGe spin qubits can be limited by the microwave-induced frequency shift of electric dipole spin resonance and it can be improved by optimization of control pulses. As we increase the control microwave amplitude, we observe a shift of the qubit resonance frequency, in addition to the increasing Rabi frequency. We reveal that this limits control fidelity with a conventional amplitude-modulated microwave pulse below 99.8%. In order to achieve a gate fidelity >99.9%, we introduce a quadrature control method, and validate this approach experimentally by randomized benchmarking. Our finding facilitates realization of an ultra-high-fidelity qubit with electron spins in quantum dots.
One-out-of-two Quantum Oblivious Transfer based on Nonorthogonal States
Authors: Chou Yao-Hsin , Zeng Guo-Jyun , Kuo Shu-Yu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis research proposes the first one-out-of-two quantum oblivious transfer (QOT) scheme that does not have a two-level structure and is not subject to Lo’s no-go theorem. Instead, the proposed scheme is a simple and efficient approach based on nonorthogonal states. The nonorthogonality causes one of a pair of messages to be unable to be measured to achieve the irreversible goal of discarding a message, resulting in a one-out-of-two selection effect. The proposed QOT protocol is therefore built directly on quantum resources rather than on a two-level structure in which two classical keys must first be created using quantum resources (all-or-nothing QOT) and then a one-out-of-two protocol is built from there. Furthermore, the proposed protocol allows Alice and Bob to test each other’s loyalty by comparing measurement results. In addition, the relationship with the no-go theorem is discussed in detail; this relationship is often overlooked in other studies. A security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol is secure against both external and internal attacks. In addition, an efficiency analysis shows that the proposed protocol is more efficient than other, two-level-structured protocols.
Customisable X-ray fluorescence photodetector with submicron sensitivity using a ring array of silicon p-i-n diodes
Authors: Yoon Phil S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe research and development of silicon-based X-ray fluorescence detectors achieved its submicron sensitivity. Its initial use is intended for in-situ beam monitoring at advanced light-source facilities. The effectively functioning prototype fully leveraged technologies and techniques from a wide array of scientific disciplines: X-ray fluorescence technique, photon scattering and spectroscopy, astronomical photometry, semiconductor physics, materials science, microelectronics, analytical and numerical modelling, and high-performance computing. At the design stage, the systematic two-track approach was taken with the aim of attaining its submicron sensitivity: Firstly, the novel parametric method, devised for system-wide full optimisation, led to a considerable increase in detector’s total solid angle (0.9 steradian), or integrated field-of-view (~3000 deg2), thus, in turn, yielding a substantial enhancement of its photon-detection efficiency. Secondly, the minimisation of all types of limiting noise sources identified resulted in a boost to detector’s signal-to-noise ratio, thereby achieving its targeted range of sensitivity. The subsequent synchrotron-radiation experiment with this X-ray detector demonstrated its capability to respond to 8-keV photon beams with 600-nanometre sensitivity. This Article reports on the innovative and effective design methods, formulated for systematising the process of custom-building ultrasensitive photodetectors, and future directions.
The protective effects of maltol on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through the AMPK-mediated PI3K/Akt and p53 signaling pathways
Authors: Mi Xiao-jie , Hou Jin-gang , Wang Zi , Han Ye , Ren Shen , Hu Jun-nan , Chen Chen , Li Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCisplatin, a potent anticancer drug, is usually causing nephrotoxicity; limiting its therapeutic application and efficiency. Maltol may be used to prevent such toxic effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying protective mechanisms of maltol on nephrotoxicity by cisplatin using a cisplatin-treated mouse model and a cellular toxicity model of HEK293 cells. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in mice were increased by cisplatin but decreased to normal ranges by maltol pretreatment (50 and 100 mg/kg) for ten days. Besides, maltol pretreatment decreased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in cisplatin-treated mice. The inhibitory action of maltol on inflammatory responses was achieved by reducing the expressions in NF-κB, IL-1β, iNOS, and TNF-α in the mice in vivo. Additionally, maltol restored the reduction of PI3K/Akt and mTOR levels by cisplatin through increasing AMPK expression in cisplatin-treated HEK293 cells. Maltol also suppressed the expression of Bax and caspase 3 by inhibiting the p53 activity in HEK293 cells. Overall, maltol may serve as a valuable potential drug to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of maltol action may involve intracellular AMPK/PI3K/Akt and p53 signaling pathways.
GSK3β inhibition attenuates LPS-induced IL-6 expression in porcine adipocytes
Authors: Wang Linjie , Li Xueying , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIL-6 is not only a proinflammatory cytokine associated with inflammatory responses but also a regulator on the energy and glucose metabolism in adipose tissue. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) has fundamental roles in the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production. However, the regulatory role for GSK3β in the pig inflammatory response in adipocytes remains unknown. We show here that SB216763 and LPS increased the phosphorylation of GSK3β (Ser9), and decreased the phosphorylation of GS (Ser641) in adipocytes. The activity of porcine GSK3β was inhibited by SB216763, an inhibitor of GSK3β, attenuated the production of IL-6 in LPS-stimulated adipocytes. Additionally, the essential core region of the pig IL-6 promoter located at −191 bp to −59 bp, and an NF-κBp65 element in this region was responsible for IL-6 promoter activity. The transcription activity of NF-κBp65 was activated by LPS stimulation, and the GSK3β inhibition repressed LPS-induced luciferase activity of the IL-6 promoter. Furthermore, LPS increased p65 binding to the NF-κB site, and GSK3β inhibition had no effect on the association of NF-κBp65 with IL-6 gene promoter after LPS treatment. These results demonstrate that GSK3β has important regulatory roles in the LPS-induced inflammatory response of IL-6 production in pig adipocytes.
Oleaginous yeast as a component in fish feed
Authors: Blomqvist Johanna , Pickova Jana , Tilami Sarvenaz Khalili , Sampels Sabine , Mikkelsen Nils , Brandenburg Jule , Sandgren Mats , Passoth Volkmar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the replacement of vegetable oil (VO) in aquaculture feed for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) with oil produced by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi grown in lignocellulose (wheat straw) hydrolysate. VO is extensively used to partially replace fish oil in aquaculture feed, which can be seen as non-sustainable. VO itself is becoming a limited resource. Plant oils are used in many different applications, including food, feed and biodiesel. Its replacement in non-food applications is desirable. For this purpose, yeast cells containing 43% lipids per g dry weight were mechanically disrupted and incorporated into the fish feed. There were no significant differences in this pilot study, regarding weight and length gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, condition factor and hepatosomatic index between the control and the yeast oil fed group. Fatty and amino acid composition of diet from both groups was comparable. Our results in fish demonstrate that it is possible to replace VO by yeast oil produced from lignocellulose, which may broaden the range of raw materials for food production and add value to residual products of agriculture and forestry.
Trends in weather type frequencies across North America
Authors: Lee Cameron C. , Sheridan Scott C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhile 20th century changes in many individual meteorological variables are well documented, the trends in multivariate synoptic-scale air masses—or weather types—largely remain unexplored. Utilizing a recently developed gridded weather typing classification system, this research investigates the changes in the frequency of weather types (WTs) across North America, 1979–2017. Averaged across the study domain as a whole, Humid Warm WTs are occurring 22 more days per year, while Dry Warm WTs have increased by 10 days/year. These increases are offset mostly by decreased frequency of Dry Cool (−17 days/year) and Cool WTs (−21 days/year). The largest absolute changes are in the Canadian Archipelago, where the Warm WT is occurring 42 more days/year and the Cool WT is occurring 48 fewer times per year. In western Canada all humid types are occurring more frequently, including a Humid Cool type that is occurring 16 more days/year. The Desert Southwest US and northern Mexico show significant increases in Dry Warm WTs (+33 to +40 days/year). Cold front and warm front passages show increases in most of the US and decreases in most of Canada. Describing these secular changes to the frequency of intuitive weather types may be an effective means of communicating these climate trends to policymakers and the general public, especially considering their large magnitude.
Evaluation of a recombination-resistant coronavirus as a broadly applicable, rapidly implementable vaccine platform
Authors: Graham Rachel L. , Deming Damon J. , Deming Meagan E. , Yount Boyd L. , Baric Ralph S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEmerging and re-emerging zoonotic viral diseases are major threats to global health, economic stability, and national security. Vaccines are key for reducing coronaviral disease burden; however, the utility of live-attenuated vaccines is limited by risks of reversion or repair. Because of their history of emergence events due to their prevalence in zoonotic pools, designing live-attenuated coronavirus vaccines that can be rapidly and broadly implemented is essential for outbreak preparedness. Here, we show that coronaviruses with completely rewired transcription regulatory networks (TRNs) are effective vaccines against SARS-CoV. The TRN-rewired viruses are attenuated and protect against lethal SARS-CoV challenge. While a 3-nt rewired TRN reverts via second-site mutation upon serial passage, a 7-nt rewired TRN is more stable, suggesting that a more extensively rewired TRN might be essential for avoiding growth selection. In summary, rewiring the TRN is a feasible strategy for limiting reversion in an effective live-attenuated coronavirus vaccine candidate that is potentially portable across the Nidovirales order.
Frustration wave order in iron(II) oxide spinels
Authors: Perversi Giuditta , Arevalo-Lopez Angel M. , Ritter Clemens , Attfield J. Paul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFrustrated magnetic materials can show unconventional correlations such as quantum spin liquid states and monopole excitations in spin ices. These phenomena are observed on uniformly frustrated lattices such as triangular, kagome or pyrochlore types, where all nearest neighbour interactions are equivalent. Here we report incommensurate long-range spin amplitude waves in the spinels Fe2GeO4 and γ-Fe2SiO4 at low temperatures, which indicate that the degree of frustration may itself be a fluctuating quantity that can spontaneously order without a lattice distortion as a ‘frustration wave’. Fe2GeO4 with propagation vector (2/3 + δ 2/3 + δ 0) has ordered Fe2+ moments that vary between fully saturated 4 μB and 0 values, consistent with a frustration wave order. γ-Fe2SiO4 has a more complex (¾ + δ ¾ + δ 0) order that coexists with an ordered spin ice phase. Dynamic orbital fluctuations are proposed to give rise to locally correlated patterns of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions consistent with the observed orders.
Lipid profiling of C. elegans strains administered pro-longevity drugs and drug combinations
Authors: Admasu Tesfahun Dessale , Batchu Krishna Chaithanya , Ng Li Fang , Cazenave-Gassiot Amaury , Wenk Markus R. , Gruber Jan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report the effect of four lifespan modifying drugs and of synergistic combinations of these drugs on lipid profile in Caenorhabditis elegans. We employ ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) to compare the abundance of lipid species in treated and control animals. Adult nematodes were treated with rapamycin, rifampicin, psora-4 and allantoin and combinations of these compounds and the resulting change in lipid profiles, specifically in those of triacylglycerol (TAG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were determined. We quantified changes resulting from treatment with the drug combinations relative to untreated controls and relative to animals treated with each constituent single drugs. We further determined the dependence of changes in lipid profiles on genes known to affect lipid metabolism using strains carrying mutations in these pathways. In particular, we determined lipid profiles in a genetic model of caloric restriction (eat-2), a strain lacking homolog of TGFβ (daf-7) and in a strain lacking the SREBP/sbp-1 transcription factor.
Analysis of internal flow field for a three‐stage centrifugal fan under various operating conditions
Authors: Ding Wensi , Chen Yuxun , Ding Yunke 
Published: October 2018

Centrifugal fan in series is the core facility for pneumatic transportation. Its operation is required to be adjusted real time as the flow rate of transported materials changes. For optimisation performance, internal flow of a type 700 three‐stage fan at rated rotation speed is analysed with FLUENT6.3 for various total pressure. Multiple reference frame (MRF) model is used for the impellers rotation in simulation, and Re‐Normalisation group (RNG) κ‐ɛ turbulence model and Roe‐FDS flux type with first‐order upwind difference scheme are used for calculation of compressible flow under various total pressure. Flow characteristics are obtained and differences of total pressure and velocity distribution in every impeller are analysed in different conditions, and velocity distribution on meridian plane as well as section of wind guide plates and volute are compared. Results show that there are many vortexes and backflows in fan with higher total pressure, and the lower pressure, the more smoothly flows, besides flow at inlet and outlet of impellers and in guide plates is seriously influenced by total pressure. Curves of P ‐Q and P ‐η at 4600 r/min are predicted based on simulation, which is helpful reducing the impact caused by off‐design operation and improving efficiency.
Research on the planar‐coil linear time grating
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wu Liang , Peng Donglin , Liu Yang , Peng Lingli 
Published: October 2018

This article proposes a planar‐coil linear time grating displacement sensor. Compared with the existing magnetic field‐type linear time grating, the structure without tooth and slot improves the velocity uniformity of travelling wave magnetic field and the measurement accuracy can be greatly improved. The two‐phase excitation coils are arranged to form a plane coil array, and the travelling wave magnetic field is generated after the two‐phase orthogonal signals are entered, respectively. Then, the electric travelling wave signal is induced by the pickup coils, and the displacement is obtained after processing. The signal processing circuit is designed to amplify and filter the electric travelling wave signal, and the accuracy experiment is carried out. Result shows that in the range of 240 mm (full‐scale), the measurement accuracy can achieve ±0.8 μm.
Uniform switched control strategy of valve‐controlled asymmetric hydraulic system
Authors: Yang Jun , Chen Zhongxiang , Zeng Le , Huang Shuzhou 
Published: October 2018

Model set of a valve‐controlled asymmetric hydraulic system was built, and uniform switched control (USC) strategy was proposed for multi‐model set hydraulic system. Aiming at each subsystem model, the uniform feedback linearisation control (FLC) structure was put forward based on the FLC method, and switch control strategy was used by adjusting switch gain between different sub‐models. The boundary layer function was designed in order to enhance the system robustness and to reduce oscillation which is caused by discontinuous item. Furthermore, the switch control gain was further revised according to different load condition. At last, the USC, FLC control, and proportional differential (PD) control strategy was carried out by experiment, and the results show that the maximum speed tracking error of PD and FLC control was 1.1 and 1 mm/s, respectively. The USC strategy speed error is <0.25 mm/s. Compared with the PD and the FLC, the USC was found to be more speed accuracy in multiple state hydraulic system control.
Synthesis of AgI/WS2 hybrids as a novel photocatalyst with efficient degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Wu Xiang‐Feng , Li Hui , Zhang Ying , Zhang Jia‐Rui , Su Jun‐Zhang , Feng Yan‐Mei , Zhang Wei‐Guang , Sun Li‐Song , Sun Xiu‐Guo 
Published: October 2018

Full‐spectrum‐responsive AgI/WS2 composites as an efficient photocatalyst have been synthesised by an in‐situ growth of AgI on the surfaces of WS2 nanosheets. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated by degradation of rhodamine B dilute solution under visible light irradiation. Experimental results showed that the introduction of WS2 nanosheets could enhance light absorption, photocatalytic activity, and recyclability of the pure AgI in the region of visible and infrared light. Moreover, the degradation efficiency of the as‐synthesised AgI/WS2 composites exhibited the trend of first increased and then decreased with increasing the amount of WS2 nanosheets. When the usage of WS2 nanosheets was 7 wt%, the as‐prepared composites possessed the maximum of 91.2% in 30 min. Furthermore, after three cycles of degradation, it could still degrade 89.0% of rhodamine B, obviously higher than 11.4% of pure AgI. In addition, a possible degradation mechanism of the as‐synthesised AgI/WS2 hybrids was provided.
High temperature high sensitivity optical fibre sensor based on multimode fibre Bragg grating
Authors: Lin Qijing , Zhao Na , Jiang Weile , Yao Kun , Tian Bian , Shi Peng , Chen Feng 
Published: October 2018

A multimode fibre Bragg grating (MMFBG) is experimentally demonstrated in this work. The light from the lead‐in optical fibre transmits to the MMFBG, the Bragg gratings in multimode fibres show multiple reflection peaks due to the coupling among all bounded modes. Some reflection peaks are reflected back to the lead‐out fibre core by the MMFBG. Finally, the spatial frequency spectra of the reflection peaks are detected by the detection device. As the temperature variates, the changes in the transmission spectrum will be observed. Experimental results show that the MMFBG responds to temperature and the temperature sensitivity is 0.0114 nm/o C. The MMFBG has the advantages of compact structure, anti‐electromagnetic interference, and stable chemical property, which has great potential in temperature measurement.
PbS/IGZO hybrid structure photo‐field‐effect transistor with high performance
Authors: Meng Ying , Wang Jiawei , Ming Anjie , Wang Yinghui , Shi Xuewen , Li Molin , Wang Weibing , Li Ling 
Published: October 2018

To optimise the performance of photo‐field‐effect transistor, a back‐gate hybrid structure was developed. In this hybrid phototransistor, lead sulphide (PbS) thin film was prepared using physical vapour deposition as a photosensitive layer. Discontinuous and uniform PbS film was obtained by controlling the deposition rate and time of PbS powders. Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) with high mobility was used as an active layer. In this work, The hybrid structure phototransistor shows an excellent performance: device mobility (μ) reach 8.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, and responsivity achieve 2.7 × 104 A/W in visible spectrum and 5.7 A/W in near‐infrared spectrum, respectively. Furthermore, the transistor exhibits detectivity up to 2.79 × 1013 cmHz1/2 W−1. The device also exhibits characteristics of the ideal diode: the saturation current of the diode is as small as 0.422 nA, and the responsivity of diode is ∼0.74 A/W. Simplified manufacturing processes effectively reduce the cost of fabricated device and provide better device stability.