bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasively Modifying Band Structures of Wide‐Bandgap Metal Oxides to Boost Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Yu Zongbao , Chen Xing‐Qiu , Kang Xiangdong , Xie Yingpeng , Zhu Huaze , Wang Shoulong , Ullah Sami , Ma Hui , Wang Lianzhou , Liu Gang , Ma Xiuliang , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough doping with appropriate heteroatoms is a powerful way of increasing visible light absorption of wide‐bandgap metal oxide photocatalysts, the incorporation of heteroatoms into the photocatalysts usually leads to the increase of deleterious recombination centers of photogenerated charge carriers. Here, a conceptual strategy of increasing visible light absorption without causing additional recombination centers by constructing an ultrathin insulating heterolayer of amorphous boron oxynitride on wide‐bandgap photocatalysts is shown. The nature of this strategy is that the active composition nitrogen in the heterolayer can noninvasively modify the electronic structure of metal oxides for visible light absorption through the interface contact between the heterolayer and metal oxides. The photocatalysts developed show significant improvements in photocatalytic activity under both UV–vis and visible light irradiation compared to the doped counterparts by conventional doping process. These results may provide opportunities for flexibly tailoring the electronic structure of metal oxides.
Regioselective Silver‐Catalyzed Carbon‐Phosphorus Difunctionalization of Maleimides: One‐Step Construction of Phosphonylated Indolylmaleimides and Pyrrolylmaleimides
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Hua , Tan Hong‐Ru , Zhu Jia‐Nan , Zheng Jian , Zhao Sheng‐Yin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn efficient silver‐catalyzed intermolecular carbon‐phosphorus difunctionalization of maleimides with indoles/pyrroles and organophosphorus compounds including dialkyl phosphites and diphenylphosphine oxide was developed. A diverse range of phosphonylated indolylmaleimides and pyrrolylmaleimides were obtained in good yields and excellent regioselectivity, involving C−P and C−C bond formations. This methodology is very practical and enables a one‐step construction of difunctionalized maleimides.magnified image
Germanium Thin Film Protected Lithium Aluminum Germanium Phosphate for Solid‐State Li Batteries
Authors: Liu Yijie , Li Chao , Li Bojie , Song Hucheng , Cheng Zhu , Chen Minrui , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSolid‐state Li batteries using Na+ superionic conductor type solid electrolyte attracts wide interest because of its safety and high theoretical energy density. The NASCION type solid electrolyte LAGP (Li1.5Al0.5Ge0.5P3O12) shows favorable conductivity as well as good mechanical strength to prevent Li dendrite penetration. However, the instability of LAGP with Li metal remains a great challenge. In this work, an amorphous Ge thin film is sputtered on an LAGP surface, which can not only suppress the reduction reaction of Ge4+ and Li, but also produces intimate contact between the Li metal and the LAGP solid electrolyte. The symmetric cell with the Ge‐coated LAGP solid electrolyte shows superior stability and cycle performance for 100 cycles at 0.1 mA cm−2. A quasi‐solid‐state Li–air battery has also been assembled to further demonstrate this advantage. A stable cycling performance of 30 cycles in ambient air can be obtained. This work helps to achieve a stable and ionic conducting interface in solid‐state Li batteries.
Advances in Carbon Nanotube–Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Tune Daniel D. , Flavel Benjamin S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHeterojunctions of carbon nanotubes interfaced with silicon respond to light illumination and can be operated in the power regime as solar cells. Very significant advances have been made in the last 5 years both in terms of headline performance values and in fundamental understanding of the underlying operating principles, as well as the sophistication of the devices and studies being reported. The body of literature is growing rapidly, and the latest power conversion efficiency and active area records have now reached over 17% and 2 cm2, respectively. Thus, the authors believe that it is now a useful time for an evaluation of the current state‐of‐the‐art and challenges going forward, as well as for a comprehensively updated review of progress made in the field. In addition, the authors provide a summary of the various fabrication schemes that have been used, analysis of some of the major device structure–property relationships revealed by comparison of published works, and a thorough breakdown of the various factors involved in improving performance, as well as a critical assessment of the real opportunities that may exist for this technology in the context of the wider silicon photovoltaics industry.
Superlattice Formation of Crystal Water in Layered Double Hydroxides for Long‐Term and Fast Operation of Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Lee Ji Hoon , Lee Hyeon Jeong , Choi Sun Hee , Shin Jaeho , Chung Sung‐Yoon , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) are gaining increasing attention as alternatives to conventional nonaqueous lithium ion batteries. However, finding electrode materials with competitive electrochemical properties in various aspects is challenging. Moreover, the operation mechanism of some of high performance electrode materials is not fully understood. Here, an α‐phase layered double hydroxide (α‐LDH) working in alkaline electrolytes as an ARB cathode is reported. On charge, OH− carrier ions intercalate into the interlayer space and react with protons detached from the host structure to yield crystal water. This crystal water is then arranged in a superlattice during charging to accommodate carrier ions and stabilize the structure. The solid solution mixing of cobalt and nickel also stabilizes the structure during the wide range of redox swing of Ni from 2+ to 4+. In pairing with Fe3O4/Fe(OH)2 mixture, the α‐LDH exhibits 198.0 mA h g−1 at 3 A g−1, 68.3% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles, and 172.5 mA h g−1 at 1 min charge, demonstrating the promise of hydrated compounds for ARB electrodes. The present study elucidates that the arrangement of crystal water within the host framework plays a critical role in determining the electrochemical performance of the corresponding hydrated active compound in aqueous media.
Postsynthetic Functionalization of Three‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Selective Extraction of Lanthanide Ions
Authors: Lu Qiuyu , Ma Yunchao , Li Hui , Guan Xinyu , Yusran Yusran , Xue Ming , Fang Qianrong , Yan Yushan , Qiu Shilun , Valtchev Valentin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChemical functionalization of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is critical for tuning their properties and broadening their potential applications. However, the introduction of functional groups, especially to three‐dimensional (3D) COFs, still remains largely unexplored. Reported here is a general strategy for generating a 3D carboxy‐functionalized COF through postsynthetic modification of a hydroxy‐functionalized COF, and for the first time exploration of the 3D carboxy‐functionalized COF in the selective extraction of lanthanide ions. The obtained COF shows high crystallinity, good chemical stability, and large specific surface area. Furthermore, the carboxy‐functionalized COF displays high metal loading capacities together with excellent adsorption selectivity for Nd3+ over Sr2+ and Fe3+ as confirmed by the Langmuir adsorption isotherms and ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) calculations. This study not only provides a strategy for versatile functionalization of 3D COFs, but also opens a way to their use in environmentally related applications.
One‐Pot Tandem Photoredox and Cross‐Coupling Catalysis with a Single Palladium Carbodicarbene Complex
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Cheng , Wang Vincent C.‐C. , Au‐Yeung Ka‐Chun , Tsai Chung‐Yu , Chang Chun‐Chi , Lin Bo‐Chao , Chan Yi‐Tsu , Hsu Chao‐Ping , Yap Glenn P. A. , Jurca Titel , Ong Tiow‐Gan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe combination of conventional transition‐metal‐catalyzed coupling (2 e− process) and photoredox catalysis (1 e− process) has emerged as a powerful approach to catalyze difficult cross‐coupling reactions under mild reaction conditions. Reported is a palladium carbodicarbene (CDC) complex that mediates both a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and photoredox catalysis for C−N bond formation upon visible‐light irradiation. These two catalytic pathways can be combined to promote both conventional transition‐metal‐catalyzed coupling and photoredox catalysis to mediate C−H arylation under ambient conditions with a single catalyst in an efficient one‐pot process.
Carbon Atom Hybridization Matters: Ultrafast Humidity Response of Graphdiyne Oxides
Authors: Yan Hailong , Guo Shuyue , Wu Fei , Yu Ping , Liu Huibiao , Li Yuliang , Mao Lanqun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGraphdiyne oxide (GDO), the oxidized form of graphdiyne (GDY), exhibits an ultrafast humidity response with an unprecedented response speed (ca. 7 ms), which is three times faster than that of graphene oxide (GO) with the same thickness and O/C ratio. The ultrafast humidity response of GDO is considered to benefit from the unique carbon hybridization of GDO, which contains acetylenic bonds that are more electron‐withdrawing than ethylenic bonds in GO, consequently giving rise to a faster binding rate with water. This distinctive structure‐based property enables the fabrication of a novel GDO‐based humidity sensor with an ultrafast response speed and good selectivity against other kinds of gas molecules as well as high sensitivity. These properties allow the sensor to accurately monitor the respiration rate change of human and hypoxic rats.
Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric [2+2] Cyclization/Penicillin–Penillonic Acid Rearrangement
Authors: Zhang Ming , Yu Changjun , Xie Junqiu , Xun Xudong , Sun Wangsheng , Hong Liang , Wang Rui 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEnantioselective synthesis of imidazolidin‐5‐ones through a phosphoric acid catalyzed reaction between azlactones and N‐substituted β‐carbolines is reported. The reaction takes place via an initial formal [2+2] cycloaddition to generate an α‐amino‐β‐lactam, which subsequently undergoes an acid‐catalyzed asymmetric penicillin–penillonic acid (PPA) rearrangement with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first [2+2] cyclization of azlactones with imines and the first asymmetric PPA rearrangement, which are linked together by the phosphoric acid catalyst.
Atomically Dispersed Metal Sites in MOF‐Based Materials for Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Energy Conversion
Authors: Liang Zibin , Qu Chong , Xia Dingguo , Zou Ruqiang , Xu Qiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMetal sites play an essential role in both electrocatalytic and photocatalytic energy conversion. The highly ordered arrangements of the organic linkers and metal nodes as well as the well‐defined pore structures of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) make them ideal substrates to support atomically dispersed metal sites (ADMSs) located in their metal nodes, linkers, and pores. Porous carbon materials doped with ADMSs can be derived from these ADMS‐incorporating MOF precursors through controlled treatments. These ADMSs incorporated in pristine MOFs and MOF‐derived carbon materials possess unique advantages over molecular or bulk metal‐based catalysts and bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for energy‐conversion applications. This Review presents recent progress in the design and incorporation of ADMSs in MOFs and MOF‐derived materials for energy‐conversion applications.
Tailored Microstructured Hyperpolarizing Matrices for Optimal Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Cavaillès Matthieu , Bornet Aurélien , Jaurand Xavier , Vuichoud Basile , Baudouin David , Baudin Mathieu , Veyre Laurent , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Dumez Jean‐Nicolas , Jannin Sami , Copéret Christophe , Thieuleux Chloé 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTailoring the physical features and the porous network architecture of silica‐based hyperpolarizing solids containing TEMPO radicals, known as HYPSO (hybrid polarizing solids), enabled unprecedented performance of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d‐DNP). High polarization values up to P(1H)=99 % were reached for samples impregnated with a mixture of H2O/D2O and loaded in a 6.7 T polarizer at temperatures around 1.2 K. These HYPSO materials combine the best performance of homogeneous DNP formulations with the advantages of solid polarizing matrices, which provide hyperpolarized solutions free of any—potentially toxic—additives (radicals and glass‐forming agents). The hyperpolarized solutions can be expelled from the porous solids, filtered, and rapidly transferred either to a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer or to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system.
A Stable Metal–Organic Framework Featuring a Local Buffer Environment for Carbon Dioxide Fixation
Authors: He Hongming , Sun Qi , Gao Wenyang , Perman Jason A. , Sun Fuxing , Zhu Guangshan , Aguila Briana , Forrest Katherine , Space Brian , Ma Shengqian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA majority of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) fail to preserve their physical and chemical properties after exposure to acidic, neutral, or alkaline aqueous solutions, therefore limiting their practical applications in many areas. The strategy demonstrated herein is the design and synthesis of an organic ligand that behaves as a buffer to drastically boost the aqueous stability of a porous MOF (JUC‐1000), which maintains its structural integrity at low and high pH values. The local buffer environment resulting from the weak acid–base pairs of the custom‐designed organic ligand also greatly facilitates the performance of JUC‐1000 in the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide under ambient conditions, outperforming a series of benchmark catalysts.
Conductive poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyethylene/graphene blend‐nanocomposites: Relationship between rheology, morphology, and electrical conductivity
Authors: Rafeie O. , Razavi Aghjeh M. K. , Tavakoli A. , Salami Kalajahi M. , Jameie Oskooie A. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTRelationship between rheology, morphology, and electrical conductivity of the poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyethylene/graphene nano‐platelets ternary system (PVDF/PE/GnP) were investigated. All the blend nanocomposites were prepared via a two‐step melt mixing method. GnP (0.75 and 1.5 wt %) was first compounded with PVDF and then the resulted premixtuers were melt mixed with PE to achieve the desired compositions. The corresponding reference nanocomposites and filler‐less blends were also prepared. Effect of an interfacial agent (PEMA; maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene) was also studied in this work. The results of rheological analysis in conjunction with the Raman spectroscopy experiments revealed that GnP had higher affinity to PVDF than PE, which in turn led to creation of conductive networks of GnP (1.5 wt %) in PVDF matrix exhibiting the electrical conductivity of about 10−2 (S/cm). Double percolated micro‐structure was predicted for the PE/PVDF 40/60 (wt/wt) blend containing low GnP content (0.9 wt %) and confirmed via direct electron microscopy and conductivity analysis. Using 5 wt % of the PEMA reduced the conductivity to 10−5 (S/cm) and further increase in PEMA content to 10 wt % led to non‐conductive characteristics. The latter was attributed to the migration of GnP from the PVDF phase to PE/PEMA phase and hence disturbance of double percolated micro‐structure. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46333.
Reducing‐Autophagy Derived Mitochondrial Dysfunction during Resveratrol Promotes Fibroblast‐Like Synovial Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Cao Wei , Zhang Junqiang , Wang Gaoyuan , Lu Jinsen , Wang Taorong , Chen Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIn rheumatoid arthritis patients, the fibroblast‐like synovial cells (FLS) growth is not controlled normally, but is similar to the tumor cells proliferation in histology. Our previous studies have shown that resveratrol inhibits the proliferation of FLS and promotes FLS apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in resveratrol‐induced FLS apoptosis have not been determined yet. Here, we showed that the FLS cell viability (following pretreatment with 5 µM H2O2 for 24 hr) exhibited better proliferation performance than at other concentrations via the CCK‐8 assay. The cell apoptotic rate increased with the increasing concentration of resveratrol (0, 40, 80, 160, 320 μM), as detected by TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) staining and western blotting. Furthermore, the expression level of autophagy‐related proteins (LC3A/B, ATG‐5) decreased with the increased concentration of resveratrol, as determined by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. We also showed that resveratrol induced FLS mitochondrial morphology change. Moreover, mitochondrial function detection showed that the mitochondrial membrane potential was lost with the increased concentration of resveratrol as examined by the JC‐1 assay. The production of ATP in cells was positively and negatively correlated with the resveratrol concentration. Simultaneously, the intracellular calcium release and calcium influx decreased gradually with the increase in resveratrol concentration. Therefore, we proposed that resveratrol can reduce the level of autophagy in FLS. The decrease in the autophagy level can lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which may result in mitochondrial dysfunction and promotion of FLS apoptosis. Anat Rec, 301:1179–1188, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vergleich von normativen Modellen zur Berechnung der Rissbreite
Authors: Empelmann Martin , Busse Daniel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMit dem Ziel, einen Überblick über aktuelle normative Modelle zur Berechnung der Rissbreite im Stahlbetonbau zu erhalten, wurden diese am iBMB, Fachgebiet Massivbau der TU Braunschweig zusammengestellt und verglichen. Um einen unabhängigen Vergleich der Modelle sicherzustellen, wurde eine Datenbasis mit Versuchswerten zu Rissbreiten zusammengestellt. Der Modellvergleich wurde auf zentrische Zugversuche, bei denen charakteristische Werte der gemessenen Rissbreiten (95 %‐Quantilwerte) angegeben waren bzw. ermittelt werden konnten, beschränkt. Durch die Vergleichsberechnungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass zwischen den unterschiedlichen Modellen signifikante Abweichungen auftreten. Während der Eurocode 2 die im Versuch gemessenen Rissbreiten tendenziell überschätzt, werden die Rissbreiten mit den Nationalen Anhängen für Deutschland bzw. Österreich überwiegend unterschätzt. Mit dem Modell nach Model Code 2010 werden die Versuchsergebnisse im Mittel ebenfalls überschätzt, die Ergebnisse liegen jedoch zwischen denen nach Eurocode 2 sowie den Nationalen Anhängen für Deutschland bzw. Österreich. Des Weiteren kann mit den Modellen der Nationalen Anhänge für Deutschland und Österreich sowie des Model Code 2010 eine, gegenüber dem Eurocode 2, erhöhte Vorhersagegenauigkeit erreicht werden.
Brückensonderprüfungen in der Praxis
Authors: Stierschneider Elisabeth , Strieder Emanuel , Hilber Raimund , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUm die Planung von Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen an Brückenobjekten möglichst effizient gestalten und so eine lange Restnutzungsdauer des Tragwerks gewährleisten zu können, kommt der Zustandsuntersuchung von bestehenden Brückenstrukturen eine entscheidende Rolle zu. Neben der optischen Inspektion der Brückenobjekte können sowohl zerstörende als auch zerstörungsfreie Untersuchungsmethoden eingesetzt werden, um verschiedene Größen wie die Karbonatisierungstiefe, die Tiefe der Chlorideindringung, die Betondeckung oder die vorhandene Betondruckfestigkeit bestimmen zu können. Auch unterscheiden sich die verschiedenen Prüfverfahren in ihrer räumlichen Ausdehnung, so können einzelne Verfahren nur punktuell an definierten Stellen am Brückenobjekt durchgeführt werden, während andere eine flächige Beurteilung verschiedener Erhebungsparameter erlauben. Ziel jeder Zustandserhebung sollte es sein, die einzelnen Prüfverfahren möglichst gut aufeinander abzustimmen, um schlussendlich eine ansprechende Grundlage für die Instandsetzungsplanung schaffen zu können. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird anhand eines Beispielobjekts in Österreich an der A2 Südautobahn auf die gewählte Vorgehensweise sowie die Ergebnisse der Zustandserhebung eingegangen.
Rapid eradication of bacterial phytopathogens by atmospheric pressure glow discharge generated in contact with a flowing liquid cathode
Authors: Motyka Agata , Dzimitrowicz Anna , Jamroz Piotr , Lojkowska Ewa , Sledz Wojciech , Pohl Pawel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDiseases caused by phytopathogenic bacteria are responsible for significant economic losses, and these bacteria spread through diverse pathways including waterways and industrial wastes. It is therefore of high interest to develop potent methods for their eradication. Here, antibacterial properties of direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc‐APGD) generated in contact with flowing bacterial suspensions were examined against five species of phytopathogens. Complete eradication of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Dickeya solani, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris from suspensions of OD600 ≈ 0.1 was observed, while there was at least 3.43 logarithmic reduction in population densities of Pectobacterium atrosepticum and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Analysis of plasma‐chemical parameters of the dc‐APGD system revealed its high rotational temperatures of 2,300 ± 100 K and 4,200 ± 200 K, as measured from N2 and OH molecular bands, respectively, electron temperature of 6,050 ± 400 K, vibrational temperature of 4000 ± 300 K, and high electron number density of 1.1 × 1015 cm−1. In addition, plasma treatment led to formation of numerous reactive species and states in the treated liquid, including reactive nitrogen and oxygen species such as NOx, NH, H2O2, O2, O, and OH. Further examination revealed that bactericidal activity of dc‐APGD was primarily due to presence of these reactive species as well as to UVA, UVB, and UVC irradiation generated by the dc‐APGD source. Plasma treatment also resulted in an increase in temperature (from 24.2 to 40.2 °C) and pH (from 6.0 to 10.8) of bacterial suspensions, although these changes had minor effects on cell viability. All results suggest that the newly developed dc‐APGD‐based system can be successfully implemented as a simple, rapid, efficient, and cost‐effective disinfection method for liquids originating from different industrial and agricultural settings.