bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space–time variability of drought over Vietnam
Authors: Le Phong V. V. , Phan‐Van Tan , Mai Khiem V. , Tran Duc Q. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDrought may have severe societal, economic, and environmental consequences. However, the space–time characteristics of drought over Vietnam remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the spatio‐temporal variability of drought using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) over mainland Vietnam for the 1980–2014 period. Through data analysis at 131 stations, we identified the main characteristics, historical trends, and dominant variability of drought across seven climatic sub‐regions in Vietnam. The results show regional patterns of drought duration, inter‐arrival time, frequency, and severity, but no consistent trend of drought variation during the study period. Based on the supply and demand concepts of water balance, PDSI captures well the large frequency and severity of drought in some sub‐regions that are related to soil moisture deficit associated with high temperature and low rainfall during summer. Moreover, drought over Vietnam was predominantly controlled by climate seasonality. The linkages between drought in Vietnam and large‐scale drivers are quite different among areas, suggesting a possibility of early prediction for drought at some sub‐regions using ENSO.
Best practice guidelines for abstract screening large‐evidence systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Polanin Joshua R. , Pigott Terri D. , Espelage Dorothy L. , Grotpeter Jennifer K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract screening is one important aspect of conducting a high‐quality and comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis. Abstract screening allows the review team to conduct the tedious but vital first step to synthesize the extant literature: winnowing down the overwhelming amalgamation of citations discovered through research databases to the citations that should be “full‐text” screened and eventually included in the review. Although it is a critical process, few guidelines have been put forth since the publications of seminal systematic review textbooks. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to provide a practical set of best practice guidelines to help future review teams and managers. Each of the 10 proposed guidelines is explained using real‐world examples or illustrations from applications. We also delineate recent experiences where a team of abstract screeners double‐screened 14 923 abstracts in 89 days.
Effect of variety, soil fertility status and agronomic treatments on carrot mineral and phytochemical composition and consumer liking of flavor traits
Authors: Stefanson Amanda L , Tsao Rong , Liu Ronghua , Duizer Lisa , Bakovic Marica , Martin Ralph C 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of variety (Nantes and Imperator), soil fertility status (high and low) and agronomic treatments on yield and quality traits of carrot composition and sensory factors. The treatments compared synthetic nitrogen at conventionally recommended amounts with compost‐sourced nitrogen (high and low rates) and a range of amendments (compost, compost tea, micronutrients and foliar treatments). Additionally, we intended to identify factors affecting polyacetylene accumulation in carrots, owing to the growing interest in their health effects and paucity of agronomic information on their bioaccumulation in carrots.RESULTSImperator accumulated more minerals, produced more phytochemicals and had higher antioxidant capacity than Nantes, which had more carotenoids. However, consumers preferred the flavor of Nantes over Imperator. High‐fertility soil produced carrots of superior nutritional quality than did low‐fertility soil, regardless of year‐of‐application amendments, the effects of which were often variety‐dependent. High soil biological activity was able to overcome low fertility status and stimulate greater yield. Carrot phosphorus was correlated with falcarindiol biosynthesis. Chlorogenic acid and falcarindiol were correlated with antioxidant capacity, but not falcarinol or total phenolic compounds.CONCLUSIONCarrots were not strongly affected by agronomic treatments in terms of yield or phytochemical status; however, soil biological activity overcame a soil nutrient deficit in terms of yield. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant status were generally higher in the high‐fertility site, whereas polyacetylenes were variety‐dependent. Chlorogenic acid and falcarindiol were associated with antioxidant capacity, but not total phenolic compounds and carotenoids. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Evolution of volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of edible green seaweed (Ulva rigida) during storage at different temperatures
Authors: Sánchez‐García Fini , Mirzayeva Aytan , Roldán Ana , Castro Remedios , Palacios Victor , García‐Barroso Carmelo , Durán‐Guerrero Enrique 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEdible seaweeds are one of the most important resources that currently exist for their multiple uses and applications. Like other food types, during their storage there are significant changes in sensory characteristics associated with loss of freshness and with production and/or degradation of their volatile compounds. In this study, multiple headspace sorptive extraction (MHSSE) coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) detection has been applied to an edible green seaweed (Ulva rigida) in order to determine the evolution of volatile compounds during storage for 12 days at 4 or 16 °C.RESULTSThe existing analytical methodology has been updated and validated for 18 additional compounds. At the end, 41 volatile compounds from different chemical families were quantified. Aldehydes, carboxylic acids and esters were the main classes found in U. rigida. Analytical and sensory data were submitted for statistical analysis. During storage, most volatile compounds were only affected by the number of storage days (P < 0.05), with significant decreases as storage time increased. Sensory analysis revealed significant changes in the samples stored for longer times (8, 10 and 12 days), with a clear influence of the boiled vegetable descriptor.CONCLUSIONIn order to get a successful preservation of seaweeds and to maintain their marine character during storage, both temperature and time should be carefully controlled. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Voltage‐gated sodium channel 1.7 expression decreases in dorsal root ganglia in a spinal nerve ligation neuropathic pain model
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Shao‐Jin , Yang Lin , Fang Xiao‐Lei , Hu Hao‐Fan , Zhao Ming‐Yue , Li Lei , Guo Yan‐Yan , Shao Jin‐Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe role of the voltage‐gated sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) is unclear in models of neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury. In the present study, we measured expression levels of Nav1.7 in two distinct neuropathic pain models: spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and chronic constriction injury (CCI). In the SNL model, both mRNA and protein levels of Nav1.7 were markedly lower in the L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) but were significantly higher in the L4 DRG. Nav1.7 protein levels were notably higher in both L4 and L5 DRGs under CCI conditions. We found that excessive damage of L5 nerves such as SNL reduced expression levels of Nav1.7 in the injured L5 DRG and activated the adjacent uninjured DRG, resulting in Nav1.7 level increases in the adjacent L4 DRG. We confirmed again that Nav1.7 was closely related to neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury. More importantly, our results suggest that tracing the molecular changes exclusively in the L5 DRG in SNL model may not completely explain the pain mechanism; it is necessary to study the adjacent uninjured L4 DRG.
Auditory comprehension outcomes in children who receive a cochlear implant before 12 months of age
Authors: Mitchell Ryan M. , Christianson Erin , Ramirez Rebecca , Onchiri Frankline M. , Horn David L. , Pontis Lauren , Miller Craig , Norton Susan , Sie Kathleen C.Y. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines for cochlear implantation (CI) include age greater than 12 months. Studies have suggested that implantation in children younger than 12 months with congenital deafness may be associated with better spoken language outcomes.Compare auditory comprehension (AC) outcomes for children with congenital deafness who received CI less than 12 months of age to those implanted at 12 to 24 months of age.MethodsRetrospective review of prospectively collected data in consecutively implanted patients under 2 years of age who received CI and had post‐CI Preschool Language Scale (PLS)‐AC scores. Receptive language was assessed with the AC subtest of the PLS. Patients without pre‐CI PLS‐AC scores were excluded. The association between age at implantation and post‐CI PLS‐AC scores up to 2 years after CI surgery was modeled using a linear mixed‐effects model. Time from CI surgery, number of implants, risk factors for language delay, pre‐CI PLS‐AC score, and sex were included in the model. Patients implanted less than 12 months of age were compared to those implanted between 12 and 24 months.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients who had CI surgery by 12 months and 82 who had CI surgery between 12 and 24 months were included in the analysis. Younger age at implantation and better pre‐CI PLS‐AC scores were significantly associated with better post‐CI PLS‐AC scores.ConclusionCochlear implantation in children with congenital deafness less than 12 months of age was associated with better PLS‐AC than in children implanted over 12 months of age up to 2 years after implantation.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:776–781, 2020
Low‐risk assessment of swallowing impairment using flexible endoscopy without food or liquid
Authors: Imaizumi Mitsuyoshi , Suzuki Toshihiko , Matsuzuka Takashi , Murono Shigeyuki , Omori Koichi 
Published: May 2019

Objectives/HypothesisFlexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is a relatively safe procedure to determine the safety of oral feeding, and consists of the introduction of food and liquid as well as a sensitivity test. However, the introduction of food and liquid can cause pneumonia or suffocation secondary to aspiration. To solve this problem, we investigated the possibility of performing FEES without introduction of food or liquid (referred to hereafter as FEES screen) to assess swallowing impairment severity.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsA total of 106 subjects with swallowing impairment underwent conventional FEES, and both their salivary pooling degree and larynx sensitivity were analyzed to detect swallowing impairment without the introduction of food or liquid. The subjects were divided into two groups: an undetectable swallowing impairment (USI) group and a detectable swallowing impairment (DSI) group. The general characteristics, functional impairment status, and clinical assistance requirements of the two groups were investigated and compared.ResultsThe numbers of subjects in the USI and DSI groups were 64 and 42, respectively. The DSI group showed a significantly higher prevalence of aspiration during FEES, and their required levels of care were also significantly higher. Additionally, their levels of consciousness, oral intake ability, and activities of daily living were significantly low compared to the USI group.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the feasibility of FEES screen for assessment of swallowing impairment severity. Using our low‐risk assessment, we were able to identify subjects with low oral intake ability as well as those who required intervention.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:2249–2252, 2019
Evaluation of a Rapid Assessment Questionnaire Using a Biomarker for Dietary Intake of n‐3 Fatty Acids
Authors: Angelotti Austin , Cole Rachel M. , Schnell Patrick M. , Raatz Susan K. , Belury Martha A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhile there is considerable evidence supporting health benefits of consuming diets high in omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acids, there is no quick and effective tool to measure n‐3 intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a rapid assessment questionnaire (the Omega‐3 Checklist) used to quantify intake of n‐3 fatty acids. This was done by comparing n‐3 intakes to blood biomarkers of n‐3 exposure in a population of healthy men and women. In addition, a separate analysis was run including covariates age, sex, and weight, which have been shown to affect n‐3 biomarker levels. Reported intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docoshexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA + DHA was correlated with erythrocyte EPA (Spearman’s rank correlation rs = 0.51, p < 0.001), DHA (rs = 0.54, p < 0.001), and the Omega‐3 Index (rs = 0.57, p < 0.001). These associations remained significant when controlling for age, sex, and weight. Therefore, the Omega‐3 Checklist can be a useful, rapid assessment tool to estimate individuals’ EPA and DHA intake.
Famine Exposure during the Fetal Period Increased the Risk of Dyslipidemia in Female Adults
Authors: Yao Huihui , Li Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChronic diseases are gradually becoming public health challenges around the world. This study was designed to explore the relationship between early life exposure to famine in China and the risk of dyslipidemia during adulthood. A total of 604 subjects born from 1955 to 1965 received a health checkup and completed a questionnaire survey at the health management center of the tertiary hospital in Hefei, China, in 2013. A logistic regression model was used to assess dyslipidemia in famine‐exposed and nonexposed individuals. Overall, exposure to famine during the fetal (OR 1.37; 95% CI: 0.90–2.10; and p = 0.14) and childhood (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.67–1.41; and p = 0.89) periods did not significantly increase the risk of dyslipidemia in adulthood compared with no exposure group. For females, exposure to famine during the fetal period (OR 2.00; 95% CI: 1.03–3.86; and p = 0.04) significantly increased the risk of dyslipidemia in adulthood compared to no exposure; however, this difference was not found in males. Exposure to famine in early life leads to altered lipid distribution in adulthood, and the risk of dyslipidemia significantly increased in adult women who were exposed to famine during the fetal period. Our study further validated the relationship between famine exposure during pregnancy and increased risk of dyslipidemia in female adult offspring. This study provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of abnormal blood lipid levels in adults.
Reduced water motion enhances organic carbon stocks in temperate eelgrass meadows
Authors: Prentice Carolyn , Hessing‐Lewis Margot , Sanders‐Smith Rhea , Salomon Anne K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOrganic carbon (OC) storage in coastal vegetated ecosystems is increasingly being considered in carbon financing and climate change mitigation strategies. However, spatial heterogeneity in these “blue carbon” stocks among and within habitats has only recently been examined, despite its considerable implications. Seagrass meadows have potential to store significant amounts of carbon in their sediments, yet studies comparing sediment OC content at regional and meadow scales remain sparse. Here, we collected sediment cores from six temperate eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows on the coast of British Columbia, Canada, to quantify sediment OC stocks, accumulation rates, and sources, and to examine local and regional drivers of variability. Sediment OC content was highly variable—across all sites, stocks in the top 0–5 cm ranged from 83 to 1089 g OC m−2, while the 15–20 cm stocks exhibited a 24‐fold difference, from 59 to 1407 g OC m−2. Carbon accumulation rates ranged from 4 to 33 g OC m−2 yr−1. Isotopic mixing models revealed that sediment OC was primarily terrestrial carbon (41.3%) and canopy‐forming kelps (33.3%), with a smaller contribution of eelgrass (25.3%). Here, we show that regional variability in OC content exceeds meadow‐scale variability. This result is likely driven by landscape factors, most notably relative water motion, representing a more dominant control on seagrass OC accumulation than meadow‐scale factors such as canopy complexity. These findings elicit caution when scaling up seagrass meadow OC content and demonstrate that measures of the hydrodynamic environment could improve estimates of carbon storage in temperate soft sediment habitats.
3D Printing of Tough Gels Having Tunable Elastic Modulus from the Same Pre‐Gel Solution
Authors: Ota Takafumi , Saito Azusa , Tase Taishi , Sato Kei , Tanaka Masanobu , Yoshida Kazunari , Takamatsu Kyuuichiro , Kawakami Masaru , Furukawa Hidemitsu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA gel forming method with sections with different elastic modulus is developed. Gels with hardness distribution are formed from one base gel material by adjusting the crosslinking density of the polymer network using a 3D gel printer. It is confirmed that hardness is arranged as designed by using mixing rules of composite materials. Furthermore, as a prototype of a practical gel application, a gel finger model having a soft‐fleshy part and a hard‐bony part is printed. 3D printing of an organ model that reproduces a realistic feel that takes not only the shape of the organ but also the distribution of hardness into consideration may become possible.
Phenotypic features of a microdeletion in chromosome band 20p13: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Fang Hung‐Hsiang , Liu Shih‐Yao , Wang Ying‐Fu , Chiang Che‐Ming , Liu Chiung‐Chen , Lin Chien‐Ming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground20p13 microdeletion syndrome has been reported to be associated with developmental delays, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and unspecific dysmorphic characteristics. However, only a few cases of 20p13 microdeletion have been described, and therefore its typical features and precise pathogenesis remain elusive.Methods and ResultsIn this article, we report the case of a 9‐month‐old infant who presented with a large fontanelle, facial dysmorphism, and failure to thrive. Array‐comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis confirmed a 2.01‐Mb microdeletion in chromosome band 20p13 that involved SOX12 and NRSN2, both of which are considered paramount causative genes in patients with 20p13 microdeletion. To elucidate the typical features of 20p13 microdeletion, we further reviewed these previously reported cases and found that motor delay (90%) was the most common manifestation, followed by language delay (60%), abnormal digits (60%), mental retardation (50%), large fontanelle (50%), electroencephalography abnormalities (50%), and seizure (40%).ConclusionThis report highlights the potential of aCGH as a practical and powerful tool with which to detect submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities in individuals presenting with a wide spectrum of phenotypes, ranging from facial dysmorphism to failure to thrive. Additionally, the literature review casts new light on the clinical features of 20p13 microdeletion.
Biotransformation of Myricetin: A Novel Metabolic Pathway to Produce Aminated Products in Mice
Authors: Zhang Shuwei , Wang Ronghui , Zhao Yantao , Tareq Fakir Shahidullah , Sang Shengmin 
Published: May 2019

ScopeIn this study, whether amination is a novel metabolic pathway of myricetin, one of the major dietary flavonoids found in fruits, vegetables, and tea, and whether the aminated metabolite of myricetin remains bioactive, are investigated.Methods and resultsIt is found that myricetin with a vic‐trihydroxyl group on the B ring can chemically react with ammonia via the formation of myricetin quinone to generate the aminated product in vitro. As expected, the amination occurs on position 4´ of the B‐ring of myricetin. The structure of this new product is confirmed by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and is named 4´‐NH2‐myricetin. Using the synthetic 4´‐NH2‐myricetin as a standard, the presence of this compound is searched for in fecal samples collected from myricetin‐treated mice using LC–MS, and 4´‐NH2‐myricetin is confirmed as the metabolite of myricetin in mice for the first time. Furthermore, two metabolites of myricetin, the mono‐methylated myricetin and the microbial‐derived metabolite 3,4,5‐trihydroxyphenylacetic acid, are confirmed to be aminated in vivo based on LC–MS data analysis. After administration of different doses of myricetin through oral gavage, the amination of myricetin shows a dose‐dependent response in feces. A similar trend is observed for the amination of the mono‐methylated myricetin, but not for the microbial‐derived metabolite 3,4,5‐trihydroxyphenylacetic acid. In plasma, the trend of a dose‐dependent response for the amination of myricetin and its mono methylated metabolite is observed, and the plasma concentration of the aminated 3,4,5‐trihydroxyphenylacetic acid at 200 mg kg–1 dose is significantly higher than those at the 100 and 400 mg kg–1 doses. Interestingly, it is observed that the aminated myricetin retains the anti‐inflammatory activity of myricetin.ConclusionThis result demonstrates that amination is a novel biotransformation mechanism of myricetin to produce aminated metabolites.
Machine learning approach for distinguishing malignant and benign lung nodules utilizing standardized perinodular parenchymal features from CT
Authors: Uthoff Johanna , Stephens Matthew J. , Newell John D. , Hoffman Eric A. , Larson Jared , Koehn Nicholas , De Stefano Frank A. , Lusk Chrissy M. , Wenzlaff Angela S. , Watza Donovan , Neslund‐Dudas Christine , Carr Laurie L. , Lynch David A. , Schwartz Ann G. , Sieren Jessica C. 
Published: May 2019

PurposeComputed tomography (CT) is an effective method for detecting and characterizing lung nodules in vivo. With the growing use of chest CT, the detection frequency of lung nodules is increasing. Noninvasive methods to distinguish malignant from benign nodules have the potential to decrease the clinical burden, risk, and cost involved in follow‐up procedures on the large number of false‐positive lesions detected. This study examined the benefit of including perinodular parenchymal features in machine learning (ML) tools for pulmonary nodule assessment.MethodsLung nodule cases with pathology confirmed diagnosis (74 malignant, 289 benign) were used to extract quantitative imaging characteristics from computed tomography scans of the nodule and perinodular parenchyma tissue. A ML tool development pipeline was employed using k‐medoids clustering and information theory to determine efficient predictor sets for different amounts of parenchyma inclusion and build an artificial neural network classifier. The resulting ML tool was validated using an independent cohort (50 malignant, 50 benign).ResultsThe inclusion of parenchymal imaging features improved the performance of the ML tool over exclusively nodular features (P < 0.01). The best performing ML tool included features derived from nodule diameter‐based surrounding parenchyma tissue quartile bands. We demonstrate similar high‐performance values on the independent validation cohort (AUC‐ROC = 0.965). A comparison using the independent validation cohort with the Fleischner pulmonary nodule follow‐up guidelines demonstrated a theoretical reduction in recommended follow‐up imaging and procedures.ConclusionsRadiomic features extracted from the parenchyma surrounding lung nodules contain valid signals with spatial relevance for the task of lung cancer risk classification. Through standardization of feature extraction regions from the parenchyma, ML tool validation performance of 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity was achieved.