bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of relative lower‐limb length on heat loss and body temperature during running
Authors: Struška Michal , Jarešová Pavla Alexia , Hora Martin , Wall‐Scheffler Cara , Michálek Tomáš , Sládek Vladimír 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesLong lower limbs relative to body size are thought to be an adaptation to prevent excessive increases in body temperature during running in hot climate. The advantage of long lower limbs relative to body size is usually explained by an increase in body surface area relative to mass; however, the influence of limb length on relative body surface area was shown to be minor. We aimed to experimentally test the effect of relative lower‐limb length (LLL) on body temperature changes during running. Furthermore, we tested the effect of relative LLL on relative body surface area.Materials and MethodsAdult men (n = 37) ran for 40 min on a treadmill, while their core temperature (ingestible thermometer), skin temperature (infrared thermography), and oxygen consumption (indirect calorimetry) were measured. Relative LLL was calculated as residuals from linear regression of LLL on stature. Linear regression was used to test the effect of relative LLL on standardized heat loss (heat loss/heat production), mean body temperature (weighted mean of skin and core temperatures), and body surface area.ResultsRelative LLL had a positive effect on standardized heat loss and a negative effect on mean body temperature change during running. Relative LLL had a positive effect on the proportion of body surface area allocated to the lower limbs but not on the relative body surface area.DiscussionThe reduced increase in mean body temperature associated with long lower limbs suggests an advantage of relatively long lower limbs for greater endurance and speed during persistence hunting or contemporary running events.
Electrochemical Sensing of Paracetamol Using Functionalized MWCNTs: Integrating Computational and Experimental Methods
Authors: Lochab Amit , Baweja Shefali , Jindal Kajal , Chowdhuri Arijit , Tomar Monika , Saxena Reena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of paracetamol is proposed in this work. The sensor (Asp‐MWCNTs/IL/ITO) is based on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrode loaded with asparagine functionalised Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Ionic Liquid (IL). Initially, in‐silico studies were performed to check the favourable interaction of the drug with the nanocomposite. The potential energy surface of Asp‐MWCNTs and paracetamol complexes were explored using density functional theory and single‐point energy coupled cluster calculations. The analysis of non‐covalent interactions showed hydrogen bonding interactions predominantly stabilising the complex. The interaction process between Asp‐MWCNTs and paracetamol is spontaneous due to negative value of binding energy (−0.75 eV). The functionalised MWCNTs were characterised through different techniques. Asp‐MWCNTs/IL/ITO electrode showed good sensitivity with a linear range from 20–300 μgL−1 and limit of detection of 0.0194 μM for paracetamol in phosphate buffer as supporting electrolyte. The sensor showed excellent repeatability and reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of 1.45 % at 60 μgL−1 concentration. The chemical functionalization resulted in providing extra stability as it retained 95 % of its signal response even after 45 days. The sensor's applicability was tested in real water samples with the help of spiking study which showed good recovery >95 %.”
Exploring the potential of imidazolium methacrylate crosslinking with resorcinol dimethacrylate for drug delivery systems
Authors: Bezerra Jacianny M. S. , Lima Maria J. S. , Santos Dayane K. D. N. , Maciel Larissa G. , Alves‐Jr Severino , dos Anjos Janaína V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDrug implants offer an alternative for controlling drug release and maintaining plasma levels of a specific drug. In this study, we explored the potential of imidazolium methacrylate crosslinking with resorcinol methacrylate to develop implantable drug delivery systems. The focus was on fabricating a photopolymerizable material based on a novel biocompatible hydrogel for implantable drug delivery systems with dexamethasone, a widely used corticosteroid with potent anti‐inflammatory properties, chosen as the model drug. The experimental section detailed the synthesis of polymerizable units, resin preparation, and resin choice for further tests using a 23 factorial design, printing conditions, material characterization, biocompatibility, and dexamethasone release tests. Our findings shed light on the potential of this novel approach for creating targeted drug delivery systems, holding promise for improving therapeutic outcomes, and reducing side effects associated with systemic long‐term drug administration.
Self‐reinforced natural rubber composites: Preparation and properties study
Authors: Liu Yonggang , Wang Haobo , Huang Canli , Tu Shuhua , Feng Jie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the contemporary modern mining sector, rubber conveyor belts are extensively and frequently utilized. Exceptional tear resistance and high elongation of the top cover rubber of the belt are imperative. In this investigation, a portion of natural rubber (NR) underwent partial vulcanization in advance. Subsequently, this pre‐vulcanized NR (PNR) was mixed with the NR matrix via mechanical blending. Due to the increased viscosity resulting from pre‐vulcanization, the PNR may disperse in the NR matrix, maintaining a specific microstructure without complete dissolution. During subsequent vulcanization, the PNR could co‐vulcanize with the NR matrix, forming a well‐bonded interface and ultimately yielding self‐reinforced NR (SNR) composites. The influences of the mass ratio of PNR to the NR matrix, sulfur content in PNR and pre‐vulcanization time on the mechanical properties of the SNR composites were thoroughly investigated. The results indicated that adding PNR effectively improved the tear strength of NR. When the PNR replaced 20 wt% of NR, sulfur content in PNR was 2.4 phr and pre‐vulcanization time was 2 min, the tear strength, stress at 300% elongation and wear resistance of SNR composites increased by 34.1%, 16.6%, and 10.2% compared to NR control sample, while elongation at break remained at 898%. These findings suggest that it is possible to enhance the tear strength of rubber without compromising elongation at break.
Constructing a Spider‐Web Polymer Blocking Layer on Separator for the High‐Loading Li‐S Battery
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wan Jiajun , Gao Qingping , Liu Jie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe cycling performance of high‐loading Li−S batteries is still puzzled by the serious shuttle effect of polysulfides. Modifying the commercial separator with polysulfide anchoring materials has been demonstrated as an economical and effective approach to block the polysulfide shuttle. Herein, a cobweb‐like polymer polysulfide‐blocking layer has been constructed via crosslinking between lithium polysilicate (LP) inorganic oligomer and tannic acid (TA) dendritic polymer. Owing to the strongly polar Si−O and Si=O bonds in LP, the spider‐web polymer possesses robust affinity towards polysulfides, indicated by the theoretical calculations. Dendritic polymer TA as the skeleton contributes to effectively exposing the abundant polar functional groups to powerfully capture the polysulfides. As a result, the cycling stability of high‐loading Li−S batteries has been obviously improved. The Li−S battery with sulfur loading of 3.44 mg cm−2 can stably cycle 100 cycles with a high capacity of 685.1 mAh g−1 and columbic efficiency of 99.82 %. Even the sulfur loading increases to 7.15 mg cm−2, the Li−S battery can still deliver a high areal capacity of 5.26 mAh cm−2 after 50 cycles.
Preparation of Thermosensitive Lignocellulose Hollow Fiber Membrane Grafted With PNIPAAm and Its Application as a Cell Culture Carrier in a RSOC Dynamic Culture
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Wang Hao , Feng Zijiao , Ma Hailin , Cheng Yuen Yee , Xu Jie , Guan Yanchun , Wu Shuo , Song Kedong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCurrently, the cells, which are urgently required for large‐scale application in biomedical‐related fields, harvested by traditional trypsin digestion are usually subject to repeated digestion, leading to a reduction of cell activity. In this study, poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was grafted onto the lignocellulose hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) with cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as the initiator to prepare thermosensitive HFMs, which was combined with a rotation system of culture (RSOC) to achieve dynamic culture and non‐destructive harvesting of cells from the HFMs. The results of ATR‐FTIR, elemental analysis, and SEM confirmed the successful preparation of PNIPAAm‐grafted‐HFMs, which also showed good biocompatibility to apply for cell culture carriers. In cooling detachment, the HFMs‐0.01 group could completely detach the cells within 1 h with a cell separation efficiency of more than 90%. The laminin (LN) and fibronectin (FN) harvested by cooling detachment of P8 generation PC12 cells reached 0.0531 ± 0.0032 and 2.5045 ± 0.0001 pg/cell, respectively, which were significantly higher than that by trypsin digestion. In addition, the cells on the thermosensitive HFMs proliferated fastest in RSOC at 30 rpm with higher glucose consumption and lactate metabolism than in static conditions. Moreover, the cells that had dynamic detachment at 20 rpm had the highest cell density and activity. Therefore, the thermosensitive HFMs could be applied as cell culture carriers in RSOC for cell culturing at 30 rpm and harvesting at 20 rpm, which would provide considerable potential for large‐scale cell culture in vitro.
Amyloid‐Beta, Tau, and Microglial Activation in Aged Felid Brains
Authors: Kulik Veronika , Edler Melissa K. , Raghanti Mary Ann , Imam Aminu , Sherwood Chet C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD) and its associated pathology have been primarily identified in humans, who have relatively large brains and long lifespans. To expand what is known about aging and neurodegeneration across mammalian species, we characterized amyloid‐beta (Aβ) and tau lesions in five species of aged felids (n = 9; cheetah, clouded leopard, African lion, serval, Siberian tiger). We performed immunohistochemistry to detect Aβ40 and Aβ42 in plaques and vessels and hyperphosphorylated tau in the temporal lobe gyrus sylvius and in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus. We also quantified the densities and morphological types of microglia expressing IBA1. We found that diffuse Aβ42 plaques, but not dense‐core plaques, were present more frequently in the temporal cortex and tended to be more common than Aβ40 plaques across species. Conversely, vascular Aβ was labeled more consistently with Aβ40 for each species on average. Although all individuals showed some degree of Aβ40 and/or Aβ42 immunoreactivity, only the cheetahs and clouded leopards exhibited intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated tau (i.e., pretangles), which was more common in the hippocampus. Reactive, intermediate microglia were significantly associated with total Aβ40 vessel area and pretangle load in the hippocampus. This study demonstrates the co‐occurrence of Aβ and tau pathology in two felid species, cheetahs and clouded leopards. Overall, these results provide an initial view of the manifestation of Aβ and tau pathology in aged, large‐brained felids, which can be compared with markers of neurodegeneration across different taxa, including domestic cats, nonhuman primates, and humans.
PhyKIT: A Multitool for Phylogenomics
Authors: Steenwyk Jacob L. , Martínez‐Redondo Gemma I. , Buida Thomas J. , Gluck‐Thaler Emile , Shen Xing‐Xing , Gabaldón Toni , Rokas Antonis , Fernández Rosa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMultiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees are rich in biological information and are fundamental to research in biology. PhyKIT is a tool for processing and analyzing the information content of multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees. Here, we describe how to use PhyKIT for diverse analyses, including (i) constructing a phylogenomic supermatrix, (ii) detecting errors in orthology inference, (iii) quantifying biases in phylogenomic data sets, (iv) identifying radiation events or lack of resolution using gene support frequencies, and (v) conducting evolution‐based screens to facilitate gene function prediction. Several PhyKIT functions that streamline multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic processing—such as renaming FASTA entries or tree tips—are also discussed. These protocols demonstrate how simple command‐line operations in the unified framework of PhyKIT facilitate diverse phylogenomic data analysis and processing, from supermatrix construction and diagnosis to gaining clues about gene function. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Installing PhyKIT and syntax for usageBasic Protocol 2: Constructing a phylogenomic supermatrixBasic Protocol 3: Detecting anomalies in orthology relationshipsBasic Protocol 4: Quantifying biases in phylogenomic data matrices and related measuresBasic Protocol 5: Identifying polytomiesBasic Protocol 6: Assessing gene‐gene coevolution as a genetic screen
Resource‐Efficient Electrodes with Metallized Woven‐Glass‐Grid Current Collectors for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yen‐Ming , Momeni Mohammadjafar , Dang Duc Huy Nguyen , von Bahder Suvi , Roth Friedrich , Münchgesang Wolfram , Danziger Manfred , Voitus Winfried , Nuss Dominik , Sennewald Cornelia , Leisegang Tilmann 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA novel class of resource‐efficient, woven‐glass‐grid current collectors (CCs) for Li‐ion batteries is introduced. These CCs are based on ultra‐light multifilament glass threads, woven to a grid and surrounded with a thin metal layer (equivalent to a 1 μm‐thick metal foil) in a roll‐to‐roll physical vapor deposition process. This saves >90 % of the required Cu and Al metals and reduces the mass of the CCs by >80 %. At the same time, the gravimetric capacity of anodes with graphite and cathodes with LiCoO2 active material increases by 48 % and 14 %, respectively, while full cells are characterized by an increase of 26 %. Thus, the specific energy can be improved by 25 %. A complete anode and cathode fabrication process from preparing the CCs and electrodes to cells is described and demonstrated in coin cell format. Coin cells with woven‐glass‐grid CCs achieved 300 cycles with a capacity retention of 93 %, a Coulombic efficiency of >99.9 %, and a higher rate capability until a C‐rate of 3 C. This technology opens up new possibilities for designing ultralight CCs with dedicated surface properties for Li and beyond Li batteries.
On Vortices in Viscous Dusty Plasma With a Variable Dust Charge
Authors: Nebbat E. , Annou R. , Bailiche M. A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA time‐dependent nonlinear model that describes the generation of vortex patterns of dust grains in a magnetized strongly coupled dusty plasma where ions are taken magnetized [Nebbat and Annou, Phys. Plasmas 30 (8), 082108 (2023)] is augmented. The effect of viscosity and dust charge variation on the characteristics of the vortex is investigated.
Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Soil Enzyme Activities in a Saline‐Alkaline Grassland
Authors: Wu Jiangqi , Wang Haiyan , Li Guang , Hou Fujiang , Xu Guorong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGlobal climate change and agricultural practices have increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, significantly affecting the nitrogen cycling process in grasslands. The impact of different N forms on key soil enzyme activities involved in N nitrification, particularly in the saline‐alkali grasslands of the Hexi Corridor, using natural grassland as a control (CK) and adding three N treatments: inorganic N (IN), organic N (ON) and a mixed N treatment (MN, with a 4:6 ratio of organic to inorganic N). Our study assessed the effects of these N forms on soil properties and enzyme activities crucial for N cycling. The findings indicate that different N forms significantly enhance soil mineral N content, with ON treatment leading to the highest increases in nitrate and ammonium content 92.44% and 35.6%, respectively, compared to CK. Both IN and ON treatments significantly boosted soil nitrate reductase and urease activities (p < 0.05), while MN treatment decreased nitrate reductase activity, with ON treatment showing the greatest sensitivity to enzyme activity changes. Soil pH slightly increased with N addition, but soil nitrite reductase activity remained relatively unchanged (0.372–0.385 mg g−1). Correlation analysis revealed that soil mineral N content and pH are key regulators of enzyme activities in saline‐alkaline grasslands. These results suggest that different N forms should be considered in nutrient cycling models, with organic N addition potentially enhancing soil N conversion and mitigating nutrient limitations in grassland ecosystems.
Spatial gradients in bank stability response in macrotidal environments: Inferences from the Severn estuary (UK)
Authors: Gasparotto Andrea , Darby Stephen E. , Leyland Julian , Carling Paul A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, we present a synthetic model summarising the main sedimentary and morphologic factors that drive spatial–temporal variations in bank stability through an exemplar macrotidal estuary. In contrast to previous studies that tend to only consider localised variations in the stability of small‐scale banks, here the focus is on understanding the bank stability patterns at the scale of the whole Severn Estuary (UK). The results show that during falling tides, the bank sediments persist in a near‐saturated state giving elevated bank pore pressures that coincide in time with declines in the hydrostatic confining pressure, leading to destabilisation of the bank. In contrast, bank stabilisation predominantly occurs during rising tides when the hydrostatic confining pressure is able to dominate over the destabilisation processes. Cohesive macrotidal estuaries similar to the Severn Estuary, tend to present a generalised decrease in the instability moving from the outer estuary where the tidal oscillations are more significant, to the inner part of the system where such oscillations are reduced and coupled with less high banks.
On delivering polar solvation free energy of proteins from energy minimized structures using a regularized super‐Gaussian Poisson–Boltzmann model
Authors: Panday Shailesh Kumar , Chakravorty Arghya , Zhao Shan , Alexov Emil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe biomolecules interact with their partners in an aqueous media; thus, their solvation energy is an important thermodynamics quantity. In previous works (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 14(2): 1020–1032), we demonstrated that the Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) approach reproduces solvation energy calculated via thermodynamic integration (TI) protocol if the structures of proteins are kept rigid. However, proteins are not rigid bodies and computing their solvation energy must account for their flexibility. Typically, in the framework of PB calculations, this is done by collecting snapshots from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, computing their solvation energies, and averaging to obtain the ensemble‐averaged solvation energy, which is computationally demanding. To reduce the computational cost, we have proposed Gaussian/super‐Gaussian‐based methods for the dielectric function that use the atomic packing to deliver smooth dielectric function for the entire computational space, the protein and water phase, which allows the ensemble‐averaged solvation energy to be computed from a single structure. One of the technical difficulties associated with the smooth dielectric function presentation with respect to polar solvation energy is the absence of a dielectric border between the protein and water where induced charges should be positioned. This motivated the present work, where we report a super‐Gaussian regularized Poisson–Boltzmann method and use it for computing the polar solvation energy from single energy minimized structures and assess its ability to reproduce the ensemble‐averaged polar solvation on a dataset of 74 high‐resolution monomeric proteins.
High preservation rates of the ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery during total hip arthroplasty through the direct anterior approach
Authors: Matar Christian , Vorimore Camille ,   ReSurg, Laude Frederic 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurpose(i) To investigate the rate of preservation of the ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery (a‐LFCA) during total hip arthroplasty (THA) through a direct anterior approach (DAA), and (ii) to study factors that contribute to its successful preservation.MethodsAll patients who underwent primary THA between 1 September 2023 and 29 February 2024 were reviewed. One‐hundred seventy‐two patients were included in the study, 91 females and 81 males, aged 63.2 ± 12.6, with a body mass index of 26.1 ± 4.6 kg/m2. THA was performed through a minimally invasive DAA in all patients, using either a standard vertical DAA or a Bikini incision. Patients were stratified by the preservation of the a‐LFCA (preserved, ligated/electrocauterized due to obstruction of the surgical field during dissection, electrocauterized due to bleeding during femoral broaching or stem insertion). Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data. Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore possible factors associated with the preservation of a‐LFCA.ResultsThe a‐LFCA was preserved in 130 patients (75.6%), had to be ligated/electrocauterized due to obstruction of the surgical field during dissection in 31 patients (18.0%), and had to be electrocauterized due to bleeding during femoral broaching or stem insertion in 11 patients (6.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that preservation of a‐LFCA was significantly more likely in female patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–4.6; p = 0.029), as well as in patients with younger age (OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.9–1.0; p = 0.036) and lower weight (OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.9–1.0; p = 0.005).ConclusionsPreservation of the a‐LFCA is possible in the majority of patients (75.6%) undergoing THA through minimally invasive DAA. Furthermore, preservation of the a‐LFCA is more likely in female patients, younger patients and patients with lower weight.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.