bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extra‐perigastric Extranodal Metastasis is a Significant Prognostic Factor in Node‐Positive Gastric Cancer
Authors: Tonouchi Akiko , Sugano Masato , Tokunaga Masanori , Sugita Shizuki , Watanabe Masahiro , Sato Reo , Kaito Akio , Akimoto Tetsuo , Ochiai Atsushi , Kinoshita Takahiro , Kuwata Takeshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundExtranodal metastasis is an isolated tumor nodule without a residual lymph node structure and has been reported as a poor prognostic factor in gastric cancer. The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic value of extranodal metastasis, especially from the viewpoint of its anatomical distribution.MethodsA total of 139 consecutive gastric cancer patients who underwent curative surgery with lymph node metastasis between 2008 and 2009 were included. Clinicopathological features and patient survival outcomes were retrospectively assessed. Patients with extranodal metastasis were subdivided into two groups: perigastric extranodal metastasis, located near the perigastric area (#1–#7 according to the Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma 15th edition), and extra‐perigastric extranodal metastasis, located alongside the major vessels (#8–#12).ResultsExtranodal metastasis was found in 51 patients (37%), and it was more frequent in those with bulky, ≥pT3, and pStage III tumors. All patients with extra‐perigastric extranodal metastasis had recurrence, resulting in a 0% 5‐year overall survival rate, which was significantly worse than that of patients with perigastric extranodal metastasis (59%), or those without extranodal metastasis (84%; P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified the presence of extra‐perigastric extranodal metastasis as an independent poor prognostic factor.ConclusionsExtranodal metastasis, especially extra‐perigastric extranodal metastasis, was a pivotal poor prognostic factor in node‐positive gastric cancer. Recognizing extra‐perigastric extranodal metastasis would help provide optimal therapeutic options to these high‐risk patients.
ICU Risk Stratification Models Feasible for Use in Sub‐Saharan Africa Show Poor Discrimination in Malawi: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Prin Meghan , Pan Stephanie , Kadyaudzu Clement , Li Guohua , Charles Anthony 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCritical illness disproportionately affects people in low‐income countries (LICs). Efforts to improve critical care in LICs must account for differences in demographics and infrastructure compared to high‐income settings. Part of this effort includes the development and validation of intensive care unit (ICU) risk stratification models feasible for use in LICs. The purpose of this study was to validate and compare the performance of ICU mortality models developed for use in sub‐Saharan Africa.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective, observational cohort study of ICU patients in a referral hospital in Malawi. Models were selected for comparison based on a Medline search for studies which developed ICU mortality models based on cohorts in sub‐Saharan Africa. Model discrimination was evaluated using the area under the curve with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsDuring the study, 499 patients were admitted to the study ICU, and after exclusions, there were 319 patients. The cohort was 62% female, with the mean age 31 years (IQR: 23‐41), and 74% had surgery preceding ICU admission. Discrimination for hospital mortality ranged from 0.54 (95% CI 0.48, 0.60) for the Universal Vital Assessment (UVA) to 0.72 (95% CI 0.66, 0.78) for the Malawi Intensive care Mortality Evaluation (MIME). After tenfold cross‐validation, these results were unchanged.ConclusionsThe MIME outperformed other models in this prospective study. Most ICU models developed for LICs had poor to modest discrimination for hospital mortality. Future research may contribute to a better risk stratification model for LICs by refining and enhancing the MIME.
Ten‐year Audit of Safe Bail‐Out Alternatives to the Critical View of Safety in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Manatakis Dimitrios K. , Papageorgiou Dimitrios , Antonopoulou Maria‐Ioanna , Stamos Nikolaos , Agalianos Christos , Ivros Nikolaos , Davides Demetrios , Pechlivanides Georgios , Kyriazanos Ioannis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo prevent vasculobiliary injuries according to the Tokyo Guidelines, Critical View of Safety (CVS) is the recommended method for the identification of the cystic duct and cystic artery. Our aim was to audit laparoscopic cholecystectomies, in order to determine the rate of CVS feasibility and to explore safe bail‐out alternatives, when CVS cannot be obtained.MethodsPatients who underwent either elective or emergent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, between January 2009 and December 2018, in whom the CVS was attempted, were retrospectively identified from the institutional electronic database. Dissection technique was documented in the operative notes. Bile duct injuries (BDI) were classified by the Strasberg classification, and their management and outcome were reported in the patient files.ResultsIn total, 1226 cases were included in the final analysis. CVS was feasible in 1128 cases (92.0%), whereas 65 patients (5.3%) were managed laparoscopically by a bail‐out technique. Of those, 52 (4.3%) underwent a subtotal cholecystectomy, 12 (0.9%) a fundus‐first cholecystectomy, and in one patient (0.1%) the operation was concluded by a tube cholecystostomy. Overall conversion rate was 2.7% (33/1226 cases). Male gender, older age, junior surgeons, and acute cholecystitis were significantly associated with higher conversion rates. Post‐operatively, 10 patients (0.82%) developed a type A bile leakage. No major BDI (types B–E) were observed, either with CVS or the bail‐out techniques.ConclusionsOur study showed that CVS and the bail‐out alternatives complement each other in preventing major BDI and should belong to the armamentarium of every modern surgeon.
Perioperative Allogeneic Blood Transfusion Does not Influence Patient Survival After Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Imai Katsunori , Okabe Hirohisa , Nakagawa Shigeki , Kitamura Fumimasa , Uemura Norio , Nakao Yosuke , Yusa Toshihiko , Itoyama Rumi , Yamao Takanobu , Umesaki Naoki , Miyata Tatsunori , Chikamoto Akira , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Baba Hideo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhether perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion (PABT) negatively influences patient survival after hepatectomy (HR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial.MethodsFive hundred two patients who underwent HR for initial HCC between 1994 and 2015 were enrolled in this study. All patients were divided into two groups: the PABT group and the non‐PABT group. Differences of clinicopathological factors, overall survival (OS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and the recurrence pattern between the two groups were evaluated. Using propensity score matching for tumor‐related factors, liver functions, and surgical factors (total 11 factors), the survival impact of PABT was also analyzed.ResultsIn the entire cohort, 78 patients (15.5%) received PABT such as red cell concentrate, fresh‐frozen plasma, or platelets. OS (5‐year OS: 55% vs. 76%; p = 0.0005) and RFS (2‐year RFS: 47% vs. 56%; p = 0.0131) were significantly worse in the PABT group. The extrahepatic recurrence happened more frequently in the PABT group (15% vs. 5.4%; p = 0.0039). There were many significant clinicopathological differences between the two groups: more advanced tumor stage (tumor diameter, stage III or IV, microvascular invasion), worse liver functions (albumin, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min), and more surgical stress (blood loss, operation time) in the PABT group. After propensity score matching, 43 pairs of patients were extracted. In this matched cohort, the survival curves of the PABT and non‐PABT groups almost completely overlapped both in OS (5‐year OS: 62% vs. 62%; p = 0.4384) and in RFS (2‐year RFS: 49% vs. 47%; p = 0.8195). The significant difference of the extrahepatic recurrence rate disappeared in the matched cohort (p = 0.5789).ConclusionUsing propensity score matching, we found that PABT does not influence patient survival after HR for HCC.
An empirical assessment of baseline feature location techniques
Authors: Razzaq Abdul , Le Gear Andrew , Exton Chris , Buckley Jim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFeature Location (FL) aims to locate observable functionalities in source code. Considering its key role in software maintenance, a vast array of automated and semi-automated Feature Location Techniques (FLTs) have been proposed. To compare FLTs, an open, standard set of non-subjective, reproducible “compare-to” FLT techniques (baseline techniques) should be used for evaluation. In order to relate the performance of FLTs compared against different baseline techniques, these compare-to techniques should be evaluated against each other. But evaluation across FLTs is confounded by empirical designs that incorporate different FL goals and evaluation criteria. This paper moves towards standardizing FLT comparability by assessing eight baseline techniques in an empirical design that addresses these confounding factors. These baseline techniques are assessed in twelve case studies to rank their performance. Results of the case studies suggest that different baseline techniques perform differently and that VSM-Lucene and LSI-Matlab performed better than other implementations. By presenting the relative performances of baseline techniques this paper facilitates empirical cross-comparison of existing and future FLTs. Finally, the results suggest that the performance of FLTs partially depends on system/benchmark characteristics, in addition to the FLTs themselves.
Practicing Histotechnologists Identify the Core Competencies Needed by Newly Graduated Biomedical Laboratory Scientists in Histotechnology and Histology
Authors: Liikanen Eeva 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe universities of applied sciences in Finland offer 3.5-year courses for histotechnologists and they graduate as biomedical laboratory scientist with 12 credits in histology and histotechnology. The aim of this study was to survey practicing histotechnologists about the core competencies needed by newly graduated biomedical scientists in histology and histotechnology. The data were collected in Finland in 2015. We asked 43 participants to complete a questionnaire that comprised two background questions, five open-ended questions and 38 Likert scale questions, with the responses ranging from five (strongly agree) to one (strongly disagree), and 22 (51%) responded. They stated that the most important competencies were the principles of tissue processing (mean 4.77), embedding (4.64), laboratory safety (4.57), fixation methods (4.55), cutting by microtomy (4.55), quality control of sections (4.55), fixation methods (4.55), and principles of stains (4.36). The least important competencies were quality control of molecular pathology (2.56), interpretation of immunohistological stains (2.71), use of molecular pathology (2.89), and independent dissection (2.91). The respondents stated that there were 20 stains that newly graduated biomedical laboratory scientists needed to know. The practices involving staining emerged in the open responses and four were considered to be important: Hematoxylin-Eosin (n = 18), Periodic Acid Schiff (n = 11), Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff (n = 9), and Giemsa (n = 9). The most essential tissues to identify were the histology of the alimentary track (n = 9), skin (n = 6), and liver (n = 5). The core competencies that histotechnologists felt were important for newly graduated biomedical laboratory scientists seemed to be consistent with the current curriculum.
Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: From Detailed Balance Limit Calculations to Photon Management
Authors: Hossain Mohammad I. , Qarony Wayesh , Ma Sainan , Zeng Longhui , Knipp Dietmar , Tsang Yuen Hong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Energy conversion efficiency losses and limits of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are investigated by detailed balance calculations and photon management. An extended Shockley–Queisser model is used to identify fundamental loss mechanisms and link the losses to the optics of solar cells. Photon management is used to minimize losses and maximize the energy conversion efficiency. The influence of photon management on the solar cell parameters of a perovskite single-junction solar cell and a perovskite/silicon solar cell is discussed in greater details. An optimized solar cell design of a perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell is presented, which allows for the realization of solar cells with energy conversion efficiencies exceeding 32%.
Towards an understanding of the ‘therapeutic’ in foster care: an exploration of foster carers’ capacities to help heal children with trauma
Authors: Harkness Christopher 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper explores foster carers’ therapeutic capacities. This topic arises from advances in knowledge of the adverse effects of complex trauma on children’s social, emotional and cognitive development. A growing expectation of fostering agencies is that their carers work within a therapeutic framework. Knowledge of foster carers’ therapeutic capacities has importance, because while foster carers are the primary agents of therapeutic change for these children, the skills and processes in which they do so are not well understood. Eighteen foster carers who work within a therapeutic framework were interviewed about their perceptions of therapeutic care. Their responses were analysed using an ecological systems framework. Foundational to therapeutic care is the mesosystem, the relationship between the foster carer and the child. Key elements of this relationship are safety, trust and love. There are two other aspects to therapeutic care: the microsystem, which represents therapeutic capacities that foster carers exercise to help in the recovery of these children, and the exosystem, which includes the networks of support that foster carers require to exercise therapeutic care. This paper will present key findings relating to foster carers’ therapeutic capacities. I will also consider some key implications for fostering agencies.
The Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia: Canadian Cohort Study
Authors: Chertkow Howard , Borrie Michael , Whitehead Victor , Black Sandra E. , Feldman Howard H. , Gauthier Serge , Hogan David B. , Masellis Mario , McGilton Katherine , Rockwood Kenneth , Tierney Mary C. , Andrew Melissa , Hsiung Ging-Yuek R. , Camicioli Richard , Smith Eric E. , Fogarty Jennifer , Lindsay Joseph , Best Sarah , Evans Alan , Das Samir , Mohaddes Zia , Pilon Randi , Poirier Judes , Phillips Natalie A. , MacNamara Elizabeth , Dixon Roger A. , Duchesne Simon , MacKenzie Ian , Rylett R. Jane 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT:Background:The Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia (COMPASS-ND) cohort study of the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) is a national initiative to catalyze research on dementia, set up to support the research agendas of CCNA teams. This cross-country longitudinal cohort of 2310 deeply phenotyped subjects with various forms of dementia and mild memory loss or concerns, along with cognitively intact elderly subjects, will test hypotheses generated by these teams.Methods:The COMPASS-ND protocol, initial grant proposal for funding, fifth semi-annual CCNA Progress Report submitted to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research December 2017, and other documents supplemented by modifications made and lessons learned after implementation were used by the authors to create the description of the study provided here.Results:The CCNA COMPASS-ND cohort includes participants from across Canada with various cognitive conditions associated with or at risk of neurodegenerative diseases. They will undergo a wide range of experimental, clinical, imaging, and genetic investigation to specifically address the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these conditions in the aging population. Data derived from clinical and cognitive assessments, biospecimens, brain imaging, genetics, and brain donations will be used to test hypotheses generated by CCNA research teams and other Canadian researchers. The study is the most comprehensive and ambitious Canadian study of dementia. Initial data posting occurred in 2018, with the full cohort to be accrued by 2020.Conclusion:Availability of data from the COMPASS-ND study will provide a major stimulus for dementia research in Canada in the coming years.
Multiscale Modeling of Endothelium Derived Wall Shear Stress Regulation in Common Carotid Artery
Authors: Siri Saeed , Nabaei Malikeh , Fatouraee Nasser 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTShear induced autoregulation is the natural ability of organs to maintain the local hemodynamic stresses in a stable condition in spite of altering perfusion rate. Endothelium cells are shear sensitive mechanoreceptors that are responsible for regulating the arterial wall architecture and mechanical properties in order to maintain homeostasis. This occurs by means of vasoactive mediators, which cause vasodilation or vasoconstriction. In this paper we presented a multiscale model of local flow regulation. First, a lumped parameter model of the whole cardiovascular system was implemented. Then a 3D numerical model of human common carotid artery was constructed considering fluid-structure interaction. The CCA inflow waveform obtained from the extended 0D model was applied to the 3D model as the boundary condition. After applying the Head-Up Tilt test, the local hemodynamics were disturbed. By considering the wall shear stress as the regulation criterion, then altering the arterial mechanical properties and the following vasodilation, shear forces exerted on the inner lining of the vessel were regulated and returned to the normal range. The resulting 0D/3D model can be considered as a plat-form for a more complete model containing local and systemic cardiovascular control mechanisms and patient-specific geometries which can be used for clinical purposes.
Qualitative exploration of cultural factors influencing diet among African-, Caribbean- and US-born Blacks living in the northeast USA
Authors: Brown A. G. M. , Houser R. F. , Mattei J. , Lichtenstein A. H. , Folta S. C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Limited research considers the ethnic and cultural diversity among the US Black population, and how this diversity influences diet. The purpose of the present qualitative study is to (1) explore the influence of culture, nativity and ethnicity on the diet of US-born, African-born and Caribbean/Latin American-born Blacks and (2) explore a model of dietary acculturation among the African-born and Caribbean/Latin American-born Blacks. The purposive sample included twenty-two US-born, fifteen Caribbean/Latin American-born and ten African-born Blacks (n 47) living in Boston, who participated in either an in-depth interview (n 12) or a focus group (five groups, size 5–9). Satia-Abouta's model of dietary acculturation informed the interview and focus group questions, which explored the influence of psychosocial factors, taste preferences and environmental factors on dietary changes. NVivo 10 software was utilised for the coding and analysis. Topics based on a priori and posteriori analyses included differences in psychosocial factors and taste preferences and environmental factors by nativity. Caribbean/Latin American-born and African-born Blacks expressed the importance of cultural identity in their dietary preferences and found adaptive strategies to maintain cultural diet, while US-born Blacks demonstrated a variety of preferences for traditionally African American foods. Environmental factors varied by place of birth and residence, with US-born Blacks citing poorer quality and limited affordability of foods. These findings suggest the importance of psychosocial and environmental factors in shaping the diet of the ethnically diverse US Black population and underscore the dietary diversity within and across the different ethnic groups of Blacks.
A WELLORDER OF THE REALS WITH SATURATED
Authors: FRIEDMAN SY-DAVID , HOFFELNER STEFAN 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe show that, assuming the existence of the canonical inner model with one Woodin cardinal $M_1 $ , there is a model of $ZFC$ in which the nonstationary ideal on $\omega _1 $ is $\aleph _2 $-saturated and whose reals admit a ${\rm{\Sigma }}_4^1 $-wellorder.
Waste work and the dialectics of precarity in urban Ghana: durable bodies and disposable things
Authors: Chalfin Brenda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhat can the dialectics of waste work tell us about the urban underclass in the flux of late capitalism? What might waste reveal more broadly about the contradictions and uncharted possibilities of material accumulation in urban Africa? Utilizing a relational optic, these issues are explored from the perspective of young men working in the rubbish dumps of Ghana's ‘edge city’ of Ashaiman, a space where the detritus of local and global markets and struggles for urban survival converge. Here, day-to-day entanglements with city dwellers’ discarded items muddy the expected terms of economic dispossession and attainment. At Ashaiman's dump, the perils of social and bodily breakdown are matched by the promise of expanded reproduction via waste work, invigorating the economic prospects of the region's footloose underemployed. Relevant well beyond Ghana, such inversions point to an insistent underside of late-capitalist overproduction: namely, in this dense space of discard and decay, those on the lowest rungs of the urban economic ladder meld bodily expenditure, social aspiration and material breakdown to forge fragile futures and to format urban space. Blending materialisms new and old, a view from Ashaiman's dump bridges the insights of relational ontologies focused on the agency of things and labour-based renderings of capitalism's transformation.
Women who change into men: a gendered history of precarity in ‘useful’ Chad
Authors: Leonard Lori 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article is about two generations of women in south-western Chad – the baou déné and the mosso. It addresses the puzzle of how these groups of women are present in the everyday life of the region known as ‘useful’ Chad, while women as economic agents are absent from stories about the region and about successive schemes to make it profitable. The baou déné are wealthy farmers, but the last generation of these ‘women who have a lot of things’ is disappearing. Younger women are referred to as mosso, meaning ‘to fall down’. They are more likely to make a living from small trade than from farming and their lives are defined by precarity. Drawing on a range of historical and contemporary sources, I show how the erasure of women happened in different ways over time. In the colonial era, administrators and travel writers were unable to imagine that women transformed forests into cotton fields. In this century, the idea that women farm just like men was disseminated by oil companies, facilitating land expropriation while drowning out stories of women's marginalization. The baou déné and the mosso are the products of specific historical processes and profit-making schemes, and the silences about women's places in them helped make profits, empire and ‘useful’ Chad possible.