bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shake‐table investigation of scoured RC pile‐group‐supported bridges in liquefiable and nonliquefiable soils
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Ye Aijun , Shang Yu , Zhou Lianxu 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper presents results of one‐g shake‐table tests on scoured pile‐group‐supported bridge models in saturated (liquefiable) and dry (nonliquefiable) sands. The primary objective is to reveal the influence of liquefaction on seismic demands and failure mechanism of scoured bridges. To this end, two identical models, each consisting of a 2 × 2 reinforced concrete pile‐group with a center‐to‐center spacing of 3 times pile diameter, a cap and a single pier with a lumped iron block, were constructed and embedded into saturated and dry sands, respectively, with the same scour depth of 4 times pile diameter. Typical test results, including excess pore pressure, acceleration and displacement demands are interpreted first, followed by the focus on curvature demands and associated seismic failure mechanism identification. Finally, inertial and kinematic effects on pile curvature demands are estimated using cross‐correlation analyses. Results show that near‐pile liquefied soils exhibit more remarkable dilation tendency as compared to far field. For bridges under the given scour depth, soil liquefaction tends to significantly affect the failure modes via transferring damage positions from pier bottom to pile head and meanwhile from underground pile to pile head. In addition, pile group effects appear to be significant in nonliquefiable soils while to be relatively inessential in liquefied soils. Moreover, the inertial effect is more prominent in nonliquefiable soils, while the kinematic effect itself generally appears to be more significant in liquefiable soils. The test results can be used to validate numerical models for future studies.
Clustering‐based real‐time anomaly detection—A breakthrough in big data technologies
Authors: Ariyaluran Habeeb Riyaz Ahamed , Nasaruddin Fariza , Gani Abdullah , Amanullah Mohamed Ahzam , Abaker Targio Hashem Ibrahim , Ahmed Ejaz , Imran Muhammad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOff late, the ever increasing usage of a connected Internet‐of‐Things devices has consequently augmented the volume of real‐time network data with high velocity. At the same time, threats on networks become inevitable; hence, identifying anomalies in real time network data has become crucial. To date, most of the existing anomaly detection approaches focus mainly on machine learning techniques for batch processing. Meanwhile, detection approaches which focus on the real‐time analytics somehow deficient in its detection accuracy while consuming higher memory and longer execution time. As such, this paper proposes a novel framework which focuses on real‐time anomaly detection based on big data technologies. In addition, this paper has also developed streaming sliding window local outlier factor coreset clustering algorithms (SSWLOFCC), which was then implemented into the framework. The proposed framework that comprises BroIDS, Flume, Kafka, Spark streaming, SparkMLlib, Matplot and HBase was evaluated to substantiate its efficacy, particularly in terms of accuracy, memory consumption, and execution time. The evaluation is done by performing critical comparative analysis using existing approaches, such as K‐means, hierarchical density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (HDBSCAN), isolation forest, spectral clustering and agglomerative clustering. Moreover, Adjusted Rand Index and memory profiler package were used for the evaluation of the proposed framework against the existing approaches. The outcome of the evaluation has substantially proven the efficacy of the proposed framework with a much higher accuracy rate of 96.51% when compared to other algorithms. Besides, the proposed framework also outperformed the existing algorithms in terms of lesser memory consumption and execution time. Ultimately the proposed solution enable analysts to precisely track and detect anomalies in real time.
Effect of different smoking processes on the nutritional and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons composition of smoked Clarias gariepinus and Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Tiwo Cristelle T. , Tchoumbougnang François , Nganou Elvis , Kumar Pankaj , Nayak Binay 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe effect of different smoking processes on the nutritional value and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) content of Clarias gariepinus and Cyprinus carpio has been assessed in this study. After smoking processes, the finish products were analyzed to determine the nutritional quality and the PAHs content. Different smoking processes significantly decreased (p < 0.05) lipids content of fish. The smoked fish with unfiltered Psidium guajava has revealed higher lipid contents of 14.17 ± 0.15% and 14.96 ± 0.05%, respectively, for SNE GSF and SE GSF. A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in protein content (% DM) has been observed in the two fish's species submitted to smoking processes. We found that evisceration of fish before smoking leads to increase the level of naphthalene, acenaphthene, and benzo (a) pyrene in smoked C. gariepinus and C. carpio. The use of metallic filter in the smoking of noneviscerated fish leads to the significant reduction (p < 0.05) of the PAHs content in smoked fishes. Higher levels of PAH such as naphthalene and acenaphthene with values of 1,451.54 ± 49.58 and 709.91 ± 8.12 ng/kg were found in smoked C. carpio and 1,841.1 ± 11.41 and 809.91 ± 1.10 ng/kg were found in smoked C. gariepinus obtained in the case of traditional smoking. The PAHs content was higher in fish smoked using traditional ovens. Therefore, the quality of smoked fish was improved using a metallic filter during different smoking processes.
BRCA1/BRCA2‐containing complex subunit 3 controls oligodendrocyte differentiation by dynamically regulating lysine 63‐linked ubiquitination
Authors: Wang Chih‐Yen , Deneen Benjamin , Tzeng Shun‐Fen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOligodendrocytes (OLs) provide the myelin sheath surrounding axons that propagates action potentials in the central nervous system (CNS). The metabolism of myelinated membranes and proteins is strictly regulated in the OLs and is closely associated with OL differentiation and maturation. The ubiquitination‐associated proteasome and endosomal system have not yet been well studied during OL differentiation and maturation. Here, we determined the functions of the Lys63‐linked ubiquitination (K63Ub) and K63‐specific deubiquitination (DUB) systems regulated by BRCA1/BRCA2‐containing complex subunit 3 (BRCC3) during OL differentiation. The competitive inhibition of K63Ub by overexpression of mutant ubiquitin (K63R) in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) indicated that the two major CNS myelin proteins, myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP), were upregulated in OLs derived from K63R OPCs. In contrast, the knockdown of BRCC3 (BRCC3‐KD) through the application of lentivirus‐mediated shRNA delivery system into OPCs suppressed OL differentiation by decreasing MBP expression and PLP production. Further immunoprecipitation assays revealed higher levels of sphingolipid GalC, MBP, and PLP, which were associated with K63Ub‐immunoprecipitants and detected in endosome/lysosomal compartments, in BRCC3‐KD OLs than those in OLs transfected with the scrambled shRNA (scramble OLs). The differentiation of OLs from BRCC3‐KD OPCs was impaired in the demyelinating corpus callosum of rats receiving a cuprizone‐containing diet. In the demyelinating tissues from human patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, we detected a decreased number of BRCC3‐expressing OLs at the lesion site, accompanied by a greater number of OLs expressing EEA1 and K63Ub at high levels. Altogether, the counterbalance of the K63Ub machinery and BRCC3‐triggered DUB machinery are important for the cellular trafficking of myelin proteins and OL differentiation.
Quantitative phase microscopy with enhanced contrast and improved resolution through ultra‐oblique illumination (UO‐QPM)
Authors: Ma Ying , Guo Siyue , Pan Yang , Fan Rong , Smith Zachary J. , Lane Stephen , Chu Kaiqin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent developments in phase contrast microscopy have enabled the label‐free visualization of certain organelles due to their distinct morphological features, making this method an attractive alternative in the study of cellular dynamics. However tubular structures such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) networks and complex dynamics such as the fusion and fission of mitochondria, due to their low phase contrast, still need fluorescent labeling to be adequately imaged. In this article, we report a quantitative phase microscope with ultra‐oblique illumination that enables us to see those structures and their dynamics with high contrast for the first time without labeling. The imaging capability was validated through comparison to the fluorescence images with the same field‐of‐view. The high image resolution (~270 nm) was validated using both beads and cellular structures. Furthermore, we were able to record the vibration of ER networks at a frame rate of 250 Hz. We additionally show complex cellular processes such as remodeling of the mitochondria networks through fusion and fission and vesicle transportation along the ER without labels. Our high spatial and temporal resolution allowed us to observe mitochondria “spinning”, which has not been reported before, further demonstrating the advantages of the proposed method.
Microscopic evaluation of the dentinal walls of extracted human teeth following electrochemical dissolution of fragmented nickel–titanium instruments
Authors: Kowalczuck Alexandre , Borges Murilo M. , Kruger Helington , Piasecki Lucila , da Silva Neto Ulisses X. , Westphalen Vânia P. D. , Laurindo Carlos A. H. , Carneiro Everdan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElectrochemical dissolution is a method in which fluoridated solution in direct contact with the fractured instrument receives an electrical current that speeds up fragment dissolution. The aim of this study was to assess the integrity of dentinal walls during the electrochemical dissolution of fractured rotary endodontic instruments in extracted human teeth. Forty‐five human mandibular incisors subjected to the electrochemical dissolution process using fluoride solution with low NaCl concentration (LC group: NaF 12 g/L + NaCl 1 g/L, pH = 5.0), fluoride solution with saturating NaCl concentration (SC group: NaF 12 g/L + NaCl 180 g/L, pH = 5.0) and distilled water (control group) were evaluated. For each group, 15 incisors were submitted for the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation. The roots were sectioned longitudinally; each hemisection was analyzed (n = 30), and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was performed. The amount of dentinal tubule openings was analyzed by SEM. Statistical analyses were performed. The test solutions did not alter the amount of dentinal tubule openings when compared with the control group. No Ni or Ti was impregnated into the dentinal tubules after electrochemical techniques. The dentinal structure remained unchanged following the electrochemical dissolution method.
Titanium Nanorods Loaded PCL Meshes with Enhanced Blood Vessel Formation and Cell Migration for Wound Dressing Applications
Authors: Augustine Robin , Hasan Anwarul , Patan Noorunnisa Khanam , Augustine Anitha , Dalvi Yogesh B. , Varghese Ruby , Unni Raghunath Narayanan , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Al Moustafa Ala‐Eddin , Thomas Sabu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProper management of nonhealing wounds is an imperative clinical challenge. For the effective healing of chronic wounds, suitable wound coverage materials with the capability to accelerate cell migration, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and wound healing are required to protect the healing wound bed. Biodegradable polymeric meshes are utilized as effective wound coverage materials to protect the wounds from the external environment and prevent infections. Among them, electrospun biopolymeric meshes have got much attention due to their extracellular matrix mimicking morphology, ability to support cell adhesion, and cell proliferation. Herein, electrospun nanocomposite meshes based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and titanium dioxide nanorods (TNR) are developed. TNR incorporated PCL meshes are fabricated by electrospinning technique and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. In vitro cell culture studies, in ovo angiogenesis assay, in vivo implantation study, and in vivo wound healing study are performed. Interestingly, obtained in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the presence of TNR in the PCL meshes greatly improved the cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Owing to the above superior properties, they can be used as excellent biomaterials in wound healing and tissue regeneration applications.
Embedding Banach spaces into the space of bounded functions with countable support
Authors: Johnson William B. , Kania Tomasz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe prove that a WLD subspace of the space consisting of all bounded, countably supported functions on a set Γ embeds isomorphically into if and only if it does not contain isometric copies of . Moreover, a subspace of is constructed that has an unconditional basis, does not embed into , and whose every weakly compact subset is separable (in particular, it cannot contain any isomorphic copies of ).
Liquid Crystal Templates Combined with Photolithography Enable Synthesis of Chiral Twisted Polymeric Microparticles
Authors: Akdeniz Burak , Bukusoglu Emre 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLiquid crystals (LC), when combined with photolithography, enable synthesis of microparticles with 2D and 3D shapes and internal complexities. Films of nematic LCs are prepared using mixtures of reactive (RM257) and non‐reactive mesogens with controlled alignment of LCs at the confining surfaces, photo‐polymerized the RM257 using a photomask, and then extracted the unreacted mesogens to yield the polymeric microparticles. The extraction results in a controlled anisotropic shrinkage amount dependent on the RM257 content and the direction dependent on LC alignment. Control over the aspect ratio, size, and thickness of the microparticles are obtained with a coefficient of variance less than 2%. In addition, non‐parallel LC anchoring at the two surfaces results in a controllable right‐ or left‐handed twisting of microparticles. These methods may find substantial use in applications including drug delivery, emulsions, separations, and sensors, besides their potential in revealing new fundamental concepts in self‐assembly and colloidal interactions.
Anti–Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Encephalitis Presenting With Choreo‐Dystonic Movements and Coexisting Electrographic Seizures
Authors: Azevedo Kauppila Linda , Coelho Miguel , Franco Ana Catarina , Teodoro Tiago , Peralta Ana Rita , Bentes Carla , Falcão Filipa , Albuquerque Luísa 
Published: June 2019

View Supplementary Video 1View Supplementary Video 2View Supplementary Video 3
Respiration resolved imaging with continuous stable state 2D acquisition using linear frequency SWEEP
Authors: Jackson L. H. , Price A. N. , Hutter J. , Ho A. , Roberts T. A. , Slator P. J. , Clough J. R. , Deprez M. , McCabe L. , Malik S. J. , Chappell L. , Rutherford M. A. , Hajnal J. V. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeTo investigate the potential of continuous radiofrequency (RF) shifting (SWEEP) as a technique for creating densely sampled data while maintaining a stable signal state for dynamic imaging.MethodsWe present a method where a continuous stable state of magnetization is swept smoothly across the anatomy of interest, creating an efficient approach to dense multiple 2D slice imaging. This is achieved by introducing a linear frequency offset to successive RF pulses shifting the excited slice by a fraction of the slice thickness with each successive repeat times (TR). Simulations and in vivo imaging were performed to assess how this affects the measured signal. Free breathing, respiration resolved 4D volumes in fetal/placental imaging is explored as potential application of this method.ResultsThe SWEEP method maintained a stable signal state over a full acquisition reducing artifacts from unstable magnetization. Simulations demonstrated that the effects of SWEEP on slice profiles was of the same order as that produced by physiological motion observed with conventional methods. Respiration resolved 4D data acquired with this method shows reduced respiration artifacts and resilience to non‐rigid and non‐cyclic motion.ConclusionsThe SWEEP method is presented as a technique for improved acquisition efficiency of densely sampled short‐TR 2D sequences. Using conventional slice excitation the number of RF pulses required to enter a true steady state is excessively high when using short‐TR 2D acquisitions, SWEEP circumvents this limitation by creating a stable signal state that is preserved between slices.
Insights into Allosteric Control of Human Blood Group A and B Glycosyltransferases from Dynamic NMR
Authors: Flügge Friedemann , Peters Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman blood group A and B glycosyltransferases (GTA, GTB) are retaining glycosyltransferases, requiring a catalytic mechanism that conserves the anomeric configuration of the hexopyranose moiety of the donor substrate (UDP‐GalNAc, UDP‐Gal). Previous studies have shown that GTA and GTB cycle through structurally distinct states during catalysis. Here, we link binding and release of substrates, substrate‐analogs, and products to transitions between open, semi‐closed, and closed states of the enzymes. Methyl TROSY based titration experiments in combination with zz‐exchange experiments uncover dramatic changes of binding kinetics associated with allosteric interactions between donor‐type and acceptor‐type ligands. Taken together, this highlights how allosteric control of on‐ and off‐rates correlates with conformational changes, driving catalysis to completion.
Improving survival outcomes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A 25‐year experience from a single center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jastaniah Wasil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe development of cancer programs in developing countries to meet the standards observed in high‐income developed countries is not well documented.MethodsAn analysis of patient care of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at the Princess Noorah Oncology Center over 25 years was performed. A number of improvements were introduced over time including optimizing the cancer care delivery culture, improving access to care, optimizing supportive care, and refining diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. Outcomes were evaluated over three time periods (period 1, 1989–2000; period 2, 2001–2007; and period 3, 2008–2014). These findings were compared with results of collaborative clinical trials (CCT).ResultsOf the 686 patients treated, the five‐year overall survival (OS) rate improved from 74% ± 2.7% in period 1 to 89.5% ± 2.3% in period 3 (P < 0.0001). Among all patients, the five‐year cumulative incidence of death decreased from 26% in period 1 to 10.5% in period 3 (P < 0.0001). This decrease was mainly due to reduction in the incidence of death from disease (P < 0.00001). In contrast, significant improvement in T‐cell ALL survival outcomes (P < 0.0001) was observed overtime (from period 1 to period 3) as a result of significant reduction in both toxic deaths (P = 0.005) and disease‐related deaths (P = 0.001).ConclusionsSurvival outcomes in Saudi Arabia have improved with five‐year OS rate now approaching 90%. However, further population‐based research is needed to understand variance in outcomes from those reported by CCT groups.
In situ contactless thermal characterisation and imaging of encapsulated photovoltaic devices using phosphor thermometry
Authors: Cao Yameng , Koutsourakis George , Sutton Gavin J. M. , Kneller James W. E. , Wood Sebastian , Blakesley James C. , Castro Fernando A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAccurate temperature measurements of a photovoltaic (PV) device are not always straightforward. Compromises between accuracy and spatial resolution often have to be made to give either quantitative single point measurements or qualitative spatial measurements. Phosphor thermometry is demonstrated in this work to measure the temperature of an encapsulated silicon photovoltaic device with uncertainty less than 1 °C. Comparisons with contact thermocouple probes are made under external white‐light illumination and internal resistive heating. Under similar conditions, phosphor thermal imaging shows less sensitivity to sources of uncertainty such as poor probe positioning and reduced thermal contact, allowing the detection of faults and shunt induced thermal hot spots in encapsulated PV devices with a higher degree of confidence.
Crystallographic and first‐principles density functional theory study on the structure, noncovalent interactions, and chemical reactivity of 1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones derivatives
Authors: Hajji Melek , Mtiraoui Hasan , Amiri Nesrine , Msaddek Moncef , Guerfel Taha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present work arose out of a desire to fundamentally understand the molecular geometry, weak interactions, electron density delocalization, and chemical reactivity features of 1,5‐benzodiazepines‐containing family. Herein, a complete X‐ray crystallographic study, supported by trustworthy sets of computational approaches, has been reported for two organic crystals. Quantifying intramolecular and intermolecular interactions by Hirshfeld‐Becke surfaces analysis conjointly with noncovalent interaction‐reduced density gradient topological study revealed that supramolecular assemblies are stabilized by N‐H
…O (inter) and O‐H
…N (intra) hydrogen bonds, Cg
…Cg (π
…π) and C‐H(O)
…π intercontacts, as well as Van der Waals interactions and steric effects. The long‐range‐corrected functional wB97XD, which uses Grimme's D2 dispersion model, seems to be just right for our systems. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis confirms that both significant O1‐H1…N1 and N2‐H2A…O2 H‐bonds are weak and electrostatic in nature. Furthermore, global reactivity indices computed via the conceptual density functional theory framework allows these molecules to be classified as moderate electrophiles and marginal nucleophiles. The active sites favorable for nucleophilic/electrophilic attacks were also predicted based on local Parr functions. Finally, a comparative evaluation on the aromaticity character and π‐π stacking ability has been done for different (pseudo) rings.