bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Influence of Vehicle Model on the Aerodynamic Force Coefficients
Authors: Zhou Ji-guo , Wang Gui-hua 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Shape and size of vehicle model in numerical wind tunnel model have a great influence on aerodynamic coefficients of vehicle. A bus running on the steel box girder bridge was used to establish numerical wind tunnel model to study the influence of the parameters of vehicle model on the aerodynamic force coefficients of vehicle and bridge. In the numerical wind tunnel model, respectively established with and without of wheels and different height of the vehicle model to study the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicle and bridge. The results show that, with and without wheels in the established numerical wind tunnel model has a great influence on the aerodynamic force coefficient of vehicle. The height variation of vehicle chassis plays an important role only for separate aerodynamic force coefficients of vehicle and bridge.
Development of Stochastic Models of Window State Changes in Educational Buildings
Authors: Liu Jing , Yao Runming , McCloy Rechel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
How people would like to interact with surrounding environment will subsequently influence indoor thermal conditions and further impact building energy performance. In order to understand occupants’ adaptive behaviours in terms of environmental control utilization from the point of view of quantification, an investigation on windows operation was carried out in non-air-conditioned educational buildings in the UK during summer time considering the effects of occupant type (active and passive) and the time of a day. Outdoor air temperature was a better predictor or window operation than indoor air temperature. Window operation was found to be time-evolving event. The purpose or criteria of adjusting window states were different at different occupancy stages. Active occupants were more willing to change windows states in response to outdoor air temperature variations. Sub-models predicting transition probabilities of window state for different occupant type and occupancy stages were developed. The results derived from this field study are helpful with improving building simulation accuracy by integrating sub-models into simulation software and further providing guideline on building energy reduction without sacrificing indoor thermal comfort.
An Accurate and Efficient Time-domain Model for Simulating Wave Propagation in Half-space
Authors: Zhao Mi , Wang Xiaojing , Wang Piguang , Liu Jingbo , Huang Yiming 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The wave propagation in the unbounded domain is a hottest topic in engineering research. Based on the scaled boundary finite element method, an efficient and accuracy artificial boundary condition is proposed for the wave propagation in half space, and the shape of the artificial boundary can be arbitrary, such as ellipse and rectangle. A new continued fraction for solving the dynamic stiffness is derived, and by introducing auxiliary variables, it can be transformed into time domain conveniently. The dynamic stiffness of the artificial boundary condition in frequency domain in good agreement with the exact solution in high frequencies. The circle and ellipse artificial boundary condition is identical with the reference solution in time domain.
The HDMR-hybird Network Method of Model Approximation for the Stochastic Analysis of Semi-rigid Joint
Authors: Li Yunan , Dong Xian , Wang Zhan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The huge economic costs with the experimental analysis and computationally expensive with the simulation are the difficulties for the stochastic analysis of engineering structures. The structural data of stochastic analysis is based on the probability of statistical results. Therefore, the focus of structural stochastic analysis is how to simulate the finite element model or the physical model by the method of approximate model with the requirements of the expected accuracy range. For the higher precision sensitivity coefficients, a large number of finite element simulations would be conducted and this process leads to intensive computation. This paper puts forward a methodology that combines the high dimensional model representation(HDMR) method and the hybrid neural network for the approximate model. The advantage of this method is the determination of coupling characteristics of the input parameters, and the complex multidimensional model could be constructed by the limited sample points. The feasibility of the method was applied to semi-rigid connection with multidimensional parameter, and the efficiency and precision were obviously superior to the traditional approximate method.
Research on Fast Calculation Method of Complex Soil Yard Excavation Volume Based on 3D Laser Scanning
Authors: Hu Chao , Chen Yuanyuan , Chen Tingcai , Xu Sheng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The measurement of earthwork excavation in hydropower project construction is an important control process in engineering construction. The traditional measurement and calculation process is not only inefficient, but also easy to cause errors. In this paper, the 3D laser scanner is applied to continuously measure the excavation process of the soil material yard and the efficient processing method of registration, compression and extraction process of excavation point cloud data is established respectively. At the same time, two fast calculation methods of excavation volume based on point cloud data are established. The practical application proves the data processing method established in this paper can shorten the data processing time by more than 80%, and ensure the accuracy of the data, and can control the calculation error of the excavation volume within 1%.
The dynamic responses characteristics of colluvial landslide based on model test
Authors: Yu Yifan , Wang Ping , Wang Huijuan , Xu Shuya , Guo Haitao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Based on shaking table model test to study the colluvial landslide caused by Yushu earthquake, the deformation and instability process of the colluvial landslide under different earthquake components and intensities were studied, the dynamic response characteristics are analysed. The results show that the permanent deformation of colluvial landslide under the strong earthquake is one of the important factors causing geological disasters. The top of the landslide appears to have a series of tensile cracks and shear fractures at first, with the increasing of seismic intensity, those cracks develop from front to back gradually, the arc fissures in the middle of the slope develop continuously and lead to subsidence and the potential slip surface extends from shoulder to the slop toe. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) and earth pressure and acceleration Fourier spectra are found to increase with the increasing of the elevation and intensity, the effects of different lithology associations on the acceleration response rules also vary with the different excitation directions. PGA amplification factors present obvious non-linearity characteristics and the variation trend is inversely proportional to the intensity. The influence of vertical component of seismic on the PGA amplification factors of landslide is slightly greater than horizontal.
Performance of CFRP Anchors under Dynamic Loading
Authors: Zhou Yubao , Zhou Yujue , Zheng Yonglai 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP laminates and anchored with carbon fibre anchors under monotonic static and cyclic loading. To gain full advantage of externally bonded CFRP technique, it is important to avoid premature debonding of the laminates, and CFRP anchors have the potential to prevent this happening by transferring the stress from steel reinforcement to the laminates. In this study, cyclic tests were conducted to investigate the fatigue behaviour of the strengthened beams and to identify strengthening effects of various anchoring depths. The aim of the monotonic tests was to determine strengthening efficiency of the new anchoring technique and to evaluate serviceability and ultimate states of the beams. According to the results, a damage index was proposed based on fractal analysis of cracks under cyclic loading and validated through ultrasonic inspection analysis. In addition, an empirical equation between average reduction of ultrasonic wave velocity and residual bearing capacity was established.
Reconstitution of Static Deflections of Suspension Bridge Based on Inclinometer Data
Authors: Lan Riqing , Wang Yushi , Chi Qinglei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Bridge deflection is a significant index reflecting the rigidity, overall stability, carrying capacity, and seismic performance of bridge structures. However, it is difficult to measure accurately, particularly for large-span bridges with complex deflection curves. Inclinometers are tentatively used in the deflection measurements of highway and railway bridges, and they have been found to be potential high-precision deflection measurement instruments. An effective inclinometer monitoring scheme was designed and used to monitor the static deflections of bridge, and an improved data processing method was proposed through using individual analytical solutions in this study. Based on that, analysis was done to explain why the “5 inclinometers” suggested by previous research is the best choice for the deflection test of the simple supported and the continuous beam bridge, which has not explicitly explained in the previous literature. Through the comparative study of the deflection calculation results of the bridge finite element model, inclinometer is applied to measuring the static deflection of a large-span suspension bridge for the first time, and it is found when the number of the instruments is enough and arrangement of the instrument is reasonable, the deflection of suspension bridge can be tested using inclinometer method. In order to reduce the number of test points and improve the deflection measurement precision, semi-span arrangement scheme of test points is proposed, which is applied in the static deflection test of the Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge, and the error of static deflections is only 1.13% compared to GPS observations.
Research on Location Model and Scale Parameters of Multi-functional Expressway Service Area
Authors: Duan Jun , Duan Yu , Chen Fang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to improve the scientific, rationality and characteristics of the construction of expressway service area, the main points of planning and layout of service area were studied. Firstly, the requirements and concepts of highway location selection under different functional orientations are qualitatively analyzed. Secondly, the location model is quantitatively studied based on statistics and operations research. Finally, based on the needs of people and vehicles, the scale parameters of the service area were revised. The research results show that the design concept of the service area should be targeted. The service area of different location models have different emphasis. The scale parameters of the service area should be adjusted according to the needs of people and vehicles.
Influence of Loading and Unloading Effect on Bearing Capacity of Pile Tip
Authors: Ma Hailong , Lei Shanshan , Yang Bilian , Ma Yufei , Chen Haibing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The upper pile of the O-cell test pile has an unloading effect on the soil around the pile, resulting in the pile tip resistance being lower than the top-loaded pile. In order to solve this problem, the Mindlin formula is used to calculate the additional stress caused by the lateral friction resistance at the pile tip. Then introduce this additional stress into the Meyerhof ultimate tip resistance formula and obtain an improved formula for calculating the pile tip resistance. The improved formula can fully consider the influence of different loading directions on the pile tip resistance. The top-loaded pile has a loading effect on the pile tip soil, and the bottom-supported pile has the unloading effect on the pile tip soil. The example verification shows that the pile tip resistance of top-loaded pile and O-cell test pile calculated by the modified Meyerhof tip resistance formula are close to the measured values. The improved formula is of great significance for further study of the effect of the loading and unloading effect on the pile tip resistance.
Recent Development of Dynamic Consolidation Method
Authors: Xu Binbin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
With the rapid development of expressway construction in China, the quality of expressway engineering has been paid more and more attention. Because the highway foundation filling is generally high, the foundation must bear the dual pressure of vehicle load and much larger than the filling load, so the strength and stability of the highway foundation cannot be ignored by highway technicians. The dynamic consolidation method has been proved to be a good and effective foundation treatment method by practice, so it has been widely used in the reinforcement of soft foundation of expressway, and it is a kind of soft foundation reinforcement method worthy of popularization and application, but there are still many theoretical problems to be solved, and the design and calculation methods need to be improved.
Great Changes on Flood Control of Lower Yellow River after Operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir
Authors: Pu QI , Sun Zanying , Honghai QI , Yan LI , Wang Wanzhan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Representing the most important influence on the land-ocean sediment fluxes in the world, dams and reservoirs alter the continuity of sediment transport and decrease the supply of sediment to downstream reaches. After the operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir, channel bed of the lower Yellow River has been strongly eroded, and the discharge capacity increased gradually. In recent decades, the trend of flow and sediment alters due to the massive harnessing projects on the upper and middle reaches. The amount of sediment entering the lower reach has been gradually reduced significantly, and there are no big flood events. There are no floods exceeding the warning water stage, thus the flood control situation of the downstream reach has changed dramatically. In addition, the volume of sediment which is transported to the estuary has also been greatly reduced, so as the siltation and extension at the river mouth, thus its impact on the upper reaches can be ignored. With the multi-year sediment regulation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir, we can take full advantage of sediment discharge by flood to further scour the riverbed of the lower reach. The current downstream reach becomes one of the most secure rivers in the world, which will inevitably affect the future prospects of governing the Yellow River basin. In order to prevent situations similar to the excessive river management in North China, which can cause the environment of the lower Yellow River to deteriorate, we should maintain the healthy life of the river, and it is necessary to adjust the scale of harnessing projects on the upper and middle reaches, as well as to construct Taohuayu Project in the lower reach for better control of floods.
Theoretical Derivation and Method Implementation of the Pseudo-Static Method in Seismic Analysis of Underground Structures
Authors: Bin Jia , Jing Liping , Bu Guobin , Liu Fangcheng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Based on the principles of the substructure method, a quasi-static method was derived to solve the seismic response of underground structures. On the basis of this theoretical derivation, the pseudo-static calculation model was proposed, and its calculating parameters were analyzed and solution implemented. Finally, the proposed method in this paper was compared with the dynamic FEM method. The results show that the parameters of quasi-static method have clear physical meaning and convenient solution. Compared with dynamic FEM method, the calculation parameters of quasi-static method are simpler, and the maximum seismic response of the structure can be obtained by static calculation, avoiding the complicated soil-structure dynamic FEM calculation.
Survey on Seismic Damage Mechanism of Multi-story Masonry Structure with First Soft Floor
Authors: Feng Biao , Chen Hao , Yu Shizhou 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The multi-story masonry structure with first soft floor (MSMSFSS) is a special type of masonry structure, which is very popular in many towns and rural areas in the south of China. Large number of the MSMSFSSs locate in areas with high seismic intensity. In Wenchuan Earthquake, great casualties and huge economic losses were caused by the collapse and destruction of MSMSFSSs. It is an urgent task to find out the seismic damage mechanism of this structure, which is the foundation to develop seismic design theory and seismic reinforcement methods suitable for MSMSFSS. In this paper, we reviewed the main advances made in the research on seismic damage mechanism of MSMSFSS, including study results by field investigation, experiment and numerical analysis. Based on the discussion of some problems unsolved or to be improved, we proposed several suggestions to enhance the research of MSMSFSS in the future. The influence of the number of upper stories, the number of longitudinal walls, the location of openings, and the height-width ratio of inter-window walls should be taken into account. Comparative experimental study between MSMSFSS and ordinary multi-story masonry structure should be carried out. Quantitative research should be enhanced and simulation analysis methods should be widely utilized.
Subdivision of Ground Motion Parameters in Ankang City
Authors: Lin Zhuo , Ren Fengwen , Yan Qingmin , She Tianshe , Shi Xinhai , Xu Liangxin , Xu Junqi , Li Chunfeng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
On the basis of studying the geological environment, seismic environment and geodynamic conditions of the site of Ankang Seismic Zoning Project, this paper divides the seismic statistical area and potential seismic source area, determines the seismicity parameters of the seismic statistical area and potential seismic source area, determines the attenuation relationship of the ground motion of the bedrock in the study area, calculates the seismic risk analysis, and calculates the bedrock. The calculation model of site seismic response analysis is established, the site seismic response analysis is carried out, and the design earthquake ground motion zoning of the site is carried out, which provides a basis for the seismic fortification of the general structure of the site in Ankang seismic zoning.
Strength and fiber synergy effect of steel-polypropylene hybrid fibre-reinforced concrete
Authors: Shan Liang , Zhang Liang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The strength calculation models and dependence relations for compressive strength, splitting strength and axial tensile strength of hybrid steel-polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete are proposed based on the theory of composite material strength and the experimental observations. The parameters unfixed in the models are solved by means of statistical method, and the synergy effects of fibre are quantified related to the volume fraction and aspect ratios.
3-D Shaking Table Model Test Study on Dynamic Response of Composite Block Slope with Complex Structural Planes
Authors: Jianrong Xu , Daoping Lai , Mingjie He , Boyan Zhang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A large 3-D dynamic model test with scale 1:200 for block slope combined by complex structural planes is designed. The test model is composed of slope and damping boundaries. The model slope with a thickness of 1.5 m, a length of 2.95m, a height of 1.91 m weighs about 20t, and its volume is around 6.45 m3. The block is combined by three structural planes, with volume of 0.174m3 corresponding to prototype volume of 1.39×106m3. The dynamic characteristics and responses of model slope are studied by inputting white noises and different seismic waves. Test results show that natural frequencies of the slope model are almost not influenced by shaking before failure, but damping ratios increase after shaking. The distribution law of peak acceleration amplification factors along the slope height is basically similar under the action of different seismic waves. The amplification effect is significant around the crest of the slope and amplification factors are equal to 1.0 almost at the middle and bottom of the slope. Acceleration amplification effects of the block are not significant, but they are significant around the corners cut by structural planes. The test results can be used as a good reference for the seismic design of composite block slopes.
Calculation method of cracking loads of U-shaped thin-walled RC members subjected to eccentric loading
Authors: Shenggang Chen , Qun Xie , Feng Gao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Appearance of cracks is an important factor causing problems of leakage of water, decrease of bearing capacity and degradation of durability for U-shaped thin-walled RC beams (U-beams). It is necessary to determine the cracking loads during the process of structural design. The related researches are extremely limited. Viewing the urgent need, cracking loads of U-beams subjected to eccentric loading are studied and an applicable equation is derived. Besides, two specimens of U-beams loaded by eccentric forces were tested. Experimental results and calculated cracking loads coincide well with each other.
Cyclic Reversed Loading Test of Different Structural Beam-To-Column Connections in Assembled Steel Structure
Authors: Cao Wanlin , Zhang Zongmin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Three new assembled connections between an I-section beam and I-section column were proposed in this paper. To investigate the aseismic behaviour of these assembled connections, four specimens under cyclic loading were tested. The test process of the specimens was recorded and analyzed. The hysteretic properties, failure mode, ultimate load, and ductility were studied. The test results show that the specimens with assembled connections have better ductility and bearing capacity than the specimen with a welding type connection. The specimen with an “L” shaped steel plate has a strong energy dissipation capacity but low flexural rigidity. If triangular stiffeners were added to the “L” shaped steel plate, the mechanical properties of the assembled connection would be substantially improved.
Cause and Stability Analysis of Cracks in Concrete Slab of Rockfill Dam under High Temperature Difference Condition
Authors: Zheng Xueqin , Zhao Erfeng , Shao Chenfei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The causes of cracks in concrete slab from the aspects of structural stress and nonstructural stress are summarized firstly. And then, based on the relationship between the stress intensity factor and the fracture toughness, a 3D finite element model of a concrete face rock fill dam, with concrete slab under partial cracking, is established to study effects of rockfill body deformation, water level and temperature change on the stress distribution. On the basis, the stability and expansion trend of a typical crack are evaluated by numerical simulation of different sizes in depth, especially the influence of the cold-air outbreak.