bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4148102: Trends in the Burden of Ischemic Stroke and Kidney Dysfunction; An analysis of Global Burden of Disease 1990-2021
Authors: Shaukat Muhammad Talha , Rehman Wania , Hayat Malik Saad , Sohail Sara , Ali Muhammad Khan Bahadur , Shahzaib Muhammad , Rahman Saad Ur 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Ischemic stroke and renal failure frequently coexist, impairing patient outcomes. Comprehending this association is imperative in formulating a multidisciplinary methodology to augment patient outcomes and quality of life.

Objective:
We offer estimates showing the evolution of kidney dysfunction related ischemic stroke from 1990 to 2021. It will utilize disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs) and age-standardized death rates (ASDR) to find discrepancies overall survival outcomes in both sexes.

Methods:
Data on ASDR, DALY, and YLL were extracted from the GBD database. After examining global trends, we analyzed continents, socio-demographic index (SDI) and World Bank income level classification of countries. Using Joinpoint regression, the average annual percentage changes (AAPC) were determined.

Results:
The ASDR for kidney dysfunction related ischemic stroke showed a declining trend globally between 1990 and 2021. The ASDR was 7.29(95%UI: 4.68-10.07) in 1990 and dropped to 4.24 (AAPC: -1.73; 95% CI: -1.76 to -1.69) in 2021. DALYs dropped from 130.3(95%UI: 90.36-172.67) in 1990 to 82.1 (AAPC: -1.47; 95% CI: -1.50 to -1.44) in 2021. YLL had a consistent decline from 1980 to 2021, with an AAPC of -1.66 (95% CI: -1.69 to -1.62). High-middle and middle SDI region had higher death rates throughout the study period.

Asia and America had lower ASDRs, whereas Europe and Africa had higher ASDRs across the board. Africa's AAPC was -0.37 (95% CI: -0.4 to -0.32) between 1990 and 2021. Similarly, Europe's AAPC of -2.85 (95% CI: -2.93 to -2.77) showed a decline from 1990 to 2021. Asia's AAPC showed a drop, coming in at -1.19 (95% CI: -1.22 to -1.15). America's AAPC was -1.97 (95% CI: -2.02 to -1.91).
According to world bank income levels, upper-middle and lower-middle income countries had higher ASDRs.

Conclusion:
Due to similar risk factors and bidirectional effects, the combination of ischemic stroke and renal failure worsens patient outcomes. In order to effectively address the intricate interactions between various illnesses and enhance patient prognosis, an in-depth investigation of the reasons behind stark disparities in death rates is necessary.
Abstract Sa402: CPR Coaches Improve Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guideline Adherence in Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Jensen Savannah , Zhang Bin , Paff Zachary , Ely Kelly , Collins Kelly , Gibson Abigayle , James Kyesha , Loeb Daniel , Lautz Andrew , Zackoff Matthew , Tegtmeyer Kenneth , Gray James , Dewan Maya 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Despite advances in resuscitation science and training, the quality of CPR performed during pediatric IHCA remains suboptimal in many cases. CPR coaches provide real-time guidance on CPR performance metrics to improve chest compression depth, rate, and fraction using a defibrillator with audiovisual feedback. While studies in simulation show improved guideline adherence with CPR coaches, there remains a gap in clinical data for IHCA.

Hypothesis:
CPR coaches using Zoll feedback defibrillators improve adherence to CPR quality metrics in IHCA patients in the PICU.

Methods:
This was a retrospective single center study at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center of chest compression quality before and after CPR coach implementation for PICU patients with IHCA from August 2017 to October 2022. Study population included all patients <18 years of age who had a cardiac arrest occurring entirely within the PICU. Measured CPR quality metrics included chest compression rate, depth, and fraction obtained using data collected from the Zoll defibrillator. Statistical analysis used Student’s t-test for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Compliance was defined as the average depth, rate, and fraction over the entire event meeting guideline recommendations.

Results:
During the study period, there were 93 IHCA patients, 12 patients were excluded due to incomplete data. Of the remaining 81 events, 29 were pre-CPR coach implementation and 52 patients were post-CPR coach.

Depth compliance improved from 14% pre-CPR coach to 56% post-CPR coach (p <0.001). Improvement in depth compliance was most noticeable for IHCA events >20 minutes, 0% pre-CPR coach to 62% post-CPR coach (p=0.006). Compression rate improved from 76% to 89% (p=0.206), and compression fraction improved from 72% to 81% (p=0.386). Return of spontaneous circulation increased from 38% to 69% with the implementation of CPR coaching (p=0.006).
Total CPR duration was similar between the pre (25 ± 28 minutes) and post-CPR coach groups (18 ± 18 minutes, p=0.218). The average age for the pre-CPR coach group was lower (4.2 ± 5 years) compared to the post-CPR coach (6.8 ± 6 years, p= 0.05). Immediate causes of CPR were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion:
CPR coach presence was associated with improved adherence to CPR depth guidelines.
Reproducibility and Treatment Effect on Office and Ambulatory Pressure Relation
Authors: Mancia Giuseppe , Facchetti Rita , Quarti-Trevano Fosca , Grassi Guido 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
In the absence of outcome-based ambulatory blood pressure (BP) trails hypertension guidelines provide 24-hour mean BP values corresponding to trial-validated office BP values. Data are shown for untreated and treated patients together, but whether corresponding ambulatory values are similar in untreated and treated hypertensives and reproducible at yearly measurements during treatment is undefined.

METHODS:
In 2397 patients of the ELSA (European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis) and PHYLLIS (Plaque Hypertension Lipid-Lowering Italian Study) trials, we calculated the office and 24-hour BP relationship according to the linear regression model, with office systolic BP as the independent variable, at baseline and yearly during a 3-year treatment. Twenty-four hour BP values corresponding to clinically important office BP values (hypertension grading and treatment thresholds and targets) were calculated and compared with those provided by guidelines.

RESULTS:
Office and 24-hour systolic BP or diastolic BP always exhibited a significant linear relationship, with, however, limited Pearson correlation coefficients (never >0.44).The slopes of the relationship were superimposable between different years of treatment but always significantly less steep than the slope seen in untreated individuals. Compared with the guideline-provided corresponding values, 24-hour BP showed qualitative and quantitative differences; for example, it was considerably lower and higher than the guideline-corresponding values when office BP was in the high hypertension and low treatment target ranges, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
In treated patients with hypertension the slope of the office and 24-hour BP linear regression is reproducible over time. However, the slopes are steeper in untreated individuals, indicating that information on ambulatory BP values corresponding to office BP values can be more accurate if separately estimated in these 2 conditions.
The Impact of Sanctions against the Republic of Guinea to Promote Respect for the Constitutional Order
Authors: Calvet-Martínez Elisenda , Barry Thierno Souleymane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article analyses to what extent sanctions adopted by regional organisations can help bring about better democratic processes in the region, focusing on the case of the Republic of Guinea. Overthrows are not the only threat to democratisation in Africa. There is a wave of “constitutional coups” or “third-termism” that incumbents have used to extend their term in office with the appearance of legality. However, the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) have often remained silent. The article argues that the AU and ECOWAS policy of sanctioning coups until the return to the constitutional order is not sufficient, as coups are still happening in the region today. Instead, international regional organisations should pay more attention to the necessary institutional reforms that are needed to guarantee the democratisation process of African States and must have a stronger response to constitutional coups by adopting targeted sanctions against the individuals responsible for these acts.
A Comparative Analysis of the Power of the Attorney-General to Enter a Nolle Prosequi under the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria
Authors: Abuza Andrew Ejovwo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The 1999 Nigerian Constitution gives the Attorney-General the power to enter a nolle prosequi in criminal proceedings. There are no constitutional provisions that expressly subject the exercise of the constitutional power of nolle prosequi by the Attorney-General to judicial review. This lacuna is being abused, as some Nigerian attorneys-general have, since the coming into force of the Constitution on 29 May 1999, sought sanctuary under it to free persons standing court trial for serious criminal offences through the exercise of nolle prosequi for their selfish interest or political considerations. The pertinent issue is whether the entering of a nolle prosequi in criminal trials in pursuance of the ulterior motives of an Attorney-General is constitutional. This article undertakes comparative analysis of pertinent issues involved in the exercise of nolle prosequi. The methodology is mainly doctrinal analysis of applicable primary and secondary sources. The article argues that the exercise of nolle prosequi for an Attorney-General’s selfish interest or political considerations is unconstitutional. Nigeria should subject the exercise of nolle prosequi to the court’s permission, as practiced in the United States of America and Kenya.
Narrating Tangier
Authors: El Abdellaoui Ali , Lahlou Khalid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explores the literary portrayal of Tangier in Paul Bowles’ Let It Come Down (1952) and Tahar Ben Jelloun’s Leaving Tangier (2009). It proposes a comparative reading to point out how both narratives draw extensively on Orientalist vocabulary and Moroccan folklore to create a mythicized image of Tangier. While Let It Come Down depicts Tangier as an alluring shelter for Nelson Dyar, who escapes a dull life in New York, Leaving Tangier limns the city as a gateway to Europe for Azel and other Moroccans, who seek to escape dire living conditions. The article concludes that the two narratives may appear dissimilar upon first reading, but their comparison shows that they involve similar acts of re-Orientalist representations.
Neid oder Klugheit?
Authors: Seidel Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In academic thesis prints (dissertationes) from Early Modernity, questions of the appropriate or reprehensible behaviour of scholars were sometimes discussed. The debate on envy (invidia, also invidentia), which belongs among the mortal sins, is particularly interesting. On the one hand, writings on this topic are not always about the affect of envy, but sometimes also about being envied. The perspective on the persons concerned and thus also their moral judgement can therefore differ. On the other hand, invidia can also be interpreted in a broader sense as cautious prudence (prudentia) and then evaluated positively, for example if you withhold knowledge because you fear it could be misused. Some authors even consider invidia to be synonymous with aemulatio and see ‘envy’ of others as an incentive to improve one’s own performance. The article analyses several writings on the subject. At the centre is the disputation on ‘permissible’ envy (De licita eruditorum invidentia) held in Rostock in 1718 under the presidency of Franz Albert Aepin, which triggered an exciting debate. The historical context of the disputations is also considered. Therefore texts by René Descartes, Christian Thomasius and Gottlieb Spizel are discussed.
Teaching Copernicus a Lesson
Authors: Tautschnig Irina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the wake of the anti-Copernican decrees of the Catholic church, the Jesuit poet Jacob Balde (1604–1668) attacked Copernicus and his system in Latin verse several times, tapping the poetic potential of a moving earth and a fixed sun. The present article focusses on Balde’s earliest and most elaborate invective against Copernicus in his Poema de vanitate mundi (“Poem on the Vanity of the World”, Munich 1638). In one of the hundred episodes of the poem (no. 56), the poet and his companion Scazon visit the graves of Archimedes and Copernicus and mock them for wanting to set the earth in motion. The biting polemic culminates in a joke that imagines Copernicus in a Jesuit classroom. The article explains how Balde uses the weapons of a Latin teacher to reduce Copernicus to a bad Latin student and his fixed sun to a simple grammar mistake.
A Cartesian Underworld Uncovered
Authors: Luggin Johanna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This contribution focuses on a Neo-Latin hexameter poem written by a Jesuit priest around the year 1700 as an example of a poetic reaction to a natural philosophical polemic in prose of the seventeenth century: the debate over the doctrines of René Descartes. It will offer a telling instance of polemic and dissent against one famous and notoriously combative, but at the time already deceased figure of seventeenth-century natural philosophy. Introducing the poem Mundus Cartesii and reflecting upon its Neo-Latin and vernacular background, several peculiar reactions to Cartesius’ opinions from the Society of Jesus will show how polemic could take an imaginative, satirical, playful form and bring forth literary compositions which defy traditional formal standards.
Emotion and the Medieval Self
Authors: Brandsma Frank , Larrington Carolyne , Ríkharðsdóttir Sif 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This introduction situates the discussion of emotion and selfhood in medieval literature in a critical and cultural context, addressing its relevance for postmedieval readers and scholars. It addresses concepts such as performativity, selfhood and emotionality and their importance for the understanding of medieval literature. It furthermore elaborates on the rationale of the special issue and its scope, which extends across Scandinavia, Germany, Britain, Northern France, Flanders and the Netherlands. Finally, it proposes that the literary representation of selfhood is intimately interlinked with emotionality and the staging of literary emotions and introduces a broad range of essays to test this hypothesis across multiple cultural realms, generic forms and literary traditions.
A Bayesian Framework for the Probabilistic Interpretation of Radar Observations and Severe Hailstorm Reports
Authors: Greco Isabelle C. , Sherwood Steven C. , Raupach Timothy H. , Abramowitz Gab 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Understanding when and where severe hailstorms occur is key to managing the serious risk they pose. Radar products, such as the maximum expected size of hail (MESH), are often used to form a severe hail climatology. However, the challenges of relating reflectivity measured aloft to severe hail at the surface mean these climatologies have unknown uncertainty. Here, we quantify the uncertainty of radar observations of severe hailstorms by deriving a probabilistic interpretation of MESH within a fully Bayesian framework calibrated using reports from Australia’s Severe Storms Archive in southeast Queensland. Moreover, our novel approach accounts for the spatially varying (under)reporting rate in the region. Despite the popularity of using MESH thresholds to distinguish severe hail events, our results suggest that these thresholds are less sharp than previously believed and question their interpretation. Furthermore, we quantify the spatial variability in the severe hail reporting rate and suggest that, even over the most densely populated areas in the region, the reporting rate may be as low as 53%. Finally, we produce a hail climatology that has a similar magnitude to existing radar-based climatologies but with smoother and more realistic spatial gradients. Our method is generalizable to many other datasets within and beyond severe weather by enabling the principled usage of reports even when the absence of a report does not necessarily indicate the event did not occur.

Significance Statement
Severe hailstorms are one of Australia’s costliest natural perils. This work aims to improve how we use radar to understand when and where these storms occur. Although radar is a popular tool in this pursuit, it is challenging to link reflectivity aloft to hail at the ground. Rather than using a binary threshold on a radar-based parameter to distinguish severe hail, we instead treat radar data as a predictor of the probability of severe hail, estimating this probability by concurrently estimating the reporting rate of severe hail. This work sheds new light on how we might reinterpret radar data to improve our forecasting and understanding of severe hail. Moreover, our method is applicable to other severe weather hazards and even beyond climate science.
Evaluation of cats treated with robenacoxib after gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Rogers Joseph B , Mazepa Allison S , Kaufman Kathryn L , Eskander Bishoy S , Jackson Andrew H 
Published: November 2024

Objectives The aim of the study was to determine if cats administered robenacoxib immediately after gastrointestinal surgery have a similar complication rate to cats that were not administered robenacoxib. Methods Medical records were reviewed for 154 cats that underwent gastrointestinal surgery between December 2015 and September 2021 in this retrospective study. Data collected included patient signalment, presenting complaint, surgical procedure(s) performed, robenacoxib administration and major postoperative complications. Cats were excluded if they did not have a 2-week postoperative follow-up examination. Two groups were analyzed: group R (postoperative robenacoxib administration) consisted of 43 cats; and group C (no postoperative robenacoxib administration) consisted of 111 cats. Results Complications occurred in 10/43 (23.2%) cats in group R and 34/111 (30.6%) cats in group C. Major complications occurred in 1/43 (2.3%) in group R and 14/111 (12.6%) in group C. Minor complications occurred in 9/43 (20.9%) cats in group R and 20/111 (18.0%) cats in group C. One of 43 cats (2.3%) in group R and 10/111 (9.0%) cats in group C were euthanized or died within 0–16 days after gastrointestinal surgery. Conclusions and relevance Cats that were administered robenacoxib postoperatively did not have an increase in major postoperative complications after gastrointestinal surgery compared with cats that were administered an alternative analgesic medication. The use of robenacoxib in cats after gastrointestinal surgery may be a safe analgesic option for postoperative pain control.
A Low-Cost Workflow to Generate Virtual and Physical Three-Dimensional Models of Cardiac Structures
Authors: Grieshaber Philippe , Schneller Alexander , Fonseca-Escalante Elizabeth , Farag Mina , Krey Rebecca , Czundel Angéla , Jaschinski Christoph , Karck Matthias , Gorenflo Matthias , Loukanov Tsvetomir 
Published: November 2024

Purpose Three-dimensional modeling and printing (3DMP) of anatomical structures from cross-sectional imaging data can enhance the understanding of spatial relationships in complex congenital heart defects. Partially due to the substantial financial, material and personnel resources required, 3DMP is not yet universally used. Here, we describe a workflow that addresses and eliminates these drawbacks. Description The workflow utilizes the open-source software “3D Slicer” (The Slicer Community) and “Blender” (Blender Foundation) for segmentation and post-editing of datasets. This approach enables the generation of virtual or physical 3D models. The physical models are printed using a standard fused deposition modeling printer. Evaluation The financial challenges that likely constrain the wider use of 3DMP are largely addressed by this approach. However, the workflow still requires a considerable amount of time to manually segment the imaging data. Conclusions Three-dimensional modeling and printing might improve planning and safety of congenital cardiac surgical treatment. Furthermore, it is a useful tool for education of parents and medical professionals. This workflow increases its suitability for routine use also in regions with low economic resources.
Pediatric Facial Trauma in Rural Versus Urban Areas: Challenges and Opportunities for Intervention With Safety Device Usage in Motorized Vehicles
Authors: Hinson Madison , Wright Avery , Davidson Amelia , Kogan Samuel , Runyan Christopher 
Published: November 2024

Study design: Retrospective chart review. Objective: Improper usage of safety devices in motorized vehicles can lead to serious facial injuries in the pediatric population. This study compares pediatric facial trauma patients from rural and urban counties who present to 2 high-volume Level 1 Trauma Centers to investigate factors influencing injury severity and management, and to guide preventative measures to improve patient outcomes. Methods: A retrospective chart review of pediatric facial trauma patients (<18 years old) was performed between January 2020 and December 2022 at 2 high-volume Level 1 Trauma Centers. Data on patient demographics, facial injuries, management, and outcomes were collected. Urban and rural county designation was defined according to the Department of Health and Human Services. Results: Of 2977 pediatric facial trauma patients evaluated, 206 sustained facial fractures from motorized vehicle accidents (MVA) −176 were from an urban-designated county (UC) and 30 from a rural-designated county (RC) at the time of injury. RC patients were significantly more likely to be transferred from outside institutions ( P = .007) and to sustain injuries from an ATV accident ( P = .006). Lack of safety device use in UC patients were significantly more likely to sustain injuries from low-energy trauma ( P = .01), to have a higher ISS score ( P = .02), and to have a longer hospital stay ( P = .01). RC patients using appropriate safety devices were significantly more likely to receive specialty follow-up for their facial injuries ( P = .04) and to have resolution of their facial trauma injuries within 1 year ( P = .004). Conclusion: Proper safety device usage is crucial in the prevention of pediatric facial injuries in motorized vehicles. While the type of facial fractures did not differ, patients not using safety devices had more severe injuries with less specialized follow-up care and longer duration of residual symptoms. Further research should focus on improving follow-up care with a focus on rural patients to enhance long-term recovery.