bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual rejection via a vomeronasal receptor-triggered limbic circuit
Authors: Osakada Takuya , Ishii Kentaro K. , Mori Hiromi , Eguchi Ryo , Ferrero David M. , Yoshihara Yoshihiro , Liberles Stephen D. , Miyamichi Kazunari , Touhara Kazushige 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMating drive is balanced by a need to safeguard resources for offspring, yet the neural basis for negative regulation of mating remains poorly understood. In rodents, pheromones critically regulate sexual behavior. Here, we observe suppression of adult female sexual behavior in mice by exocrine gland-secreting peptide 22 (ESP22), a lacrimal protein from juvenile mice. ESP22 activates a dedicated vomeronasal receptor, V2Rp4, and V2Rp4 knockout eliminates ESP22 effects on sexual behavior. Genetic tracing of ESP22-responsive neural circuits reveals a critical limbic system connection that inhibits reproductive behavior. Furthermore, V2Rp4 counteracts a highly related vomeronasal receptor, V2Rp5, that detects the male sex pheromone ESP1. Interestingly, V2Rp4 and V2Rp5 are encoded by adjacent genes, yet couple to distinct circuits and mediate opposing effects on female sexual behavior. Collectively, our study reveals molecular and neural mechanisms underlying pheromone-mediated sexual rejection, and more generally, how inputs are routed through olfactory circuits to evoke specific behaviors.
Behavioral evidence for the use of functional categories during group reversal task performance in monkeys
Authors: Hosokawa Takayuki , Honda Yasutaka , Yamada Munekazu , Romero Maria del Carmen , Iijima Toshio , Tsutsui Ken-Ichiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA functional category is a set of stimuli that are regarded as equivalent independently of their physical properties and elicit the same behavioral responses. Major psychological theories suggest the ability to form and utilize functional categories as a basis of higher cognition that markedly increases behavioral flexibility. Vaughan claimed the category use in pigeons on the basis of partition, a mathematical criterion for equivalence, however, there have been some criticisms that the evidence he showed was insufficient. In this study, by using a group reversal task, a procedure originally used by Vaughan, we aimed to gather further evidence to prove the category use in animals. Macaque monkeys, which served as subjects in our study, could efficiently perform the task not only with familiar stimulus sets as Vaughan demonstrated but also with novel sets, and furthermore the task performance was stable even when the number of stimuli in a set was increased, which we consider as further evidence for the category use in animals. In addition, by varying the timing of the reversal, we found that a category formation takes place soon after encountering new stimuli, i.e. in a few blocks of trial after a novel stimulus set was introduced.
Temperature - dependent polymer absorber as a switchable state NIR reactor
Authors: Alston Mark E. , Barber Robert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis research studies a lower down transition temperature composite polymer, modulated by multi microchannel fluidic flows to advance a thermally controllable material. Through modulating volumetric flow rates to manipulate fluid-material interface for heat transport within a microfluidic platform. Determining this optimization at any given flow rate will advance fluidics acting as a filter for invisible irradiation, near IR (NIR) range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In principle, filtering out this part of the solar irradiation spectrum can be achieved by selective fluidic absorption. By switchable control of conductance states to make the material switch on for high conductance or switch off for low conductance as a heat seeking targeting material. The challenges in material science is our ability to evaluate heat flow and monitor temperature with time. This research will determine the use of microfluidics based flows to direct the structural assembly of a polymer into a thermal switch. The research is inspired by nature’s vasculature leaf formations to modulate irradiance absorption by laminar fluidic flow. This bio-inspired engineering approach advances the structural assembly of polymers. By finely tuning flows to manipulate thermal gains in microchannel network architecture through flow rate switching to define composite function in differing conductance states. The research determines control of the thermodynamic state of a composite is directed by planar extensional flow in a microfluidic platform for high cooling surfaces.
ASXL1 and SETBP1 mutations promote leukaemogenesis by repressing TGFβ pathway genes through histone deacetylation
Authors: Saika Makoto , Inoue Daichi , Nagase Reina , Sato Naru , Tsuchiya Akiho , Yabushita Tomohiro , Kitamura Toshio , Goyama Susumu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMutations in ASXL1 and SETBP1 genes have been frequently detected and often coexist in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We previously showed that coexpression of mutant ASXL1 and SETBP1 in hematopoietic progenitor cells induced downregulation of TGFβ pathway genes and promoted the development of MDS/AML in a mouse model of bone marrow transplantation. However, whether the repression of TGFβ pathway in fact contributes to leukaemogenesis remains unclear. Moreover, mechanisms for the repression of TGFβ pathway genes in ASXL1/SETBP1-mutated MDS/AML cells have not been fully understood. In this study, we showed that expression of a constitutively active TGFβ type I receptor (ALK5-TD) inhibited leukaemic proliferation of MDS/AML cells expressing mutant ASXL1/SETBP1. We also found aberrantly reduced acetylation of several lysine residues on histone H3 and H4 around the promoter regions of multiple TGFβ pathway genes. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat reversed histone acetylation at these promoter regions, and induced transcriptional derepression of the TGFβ pathway genes. Furthermore, vorinostat showed robust growth-inhibitory effect in cells expressing mutant ASXL1, whereas it showed only a marginal effect in normal bone marrow cells. These data indicate that HDAC inhibitors will be promising therapeutic drugs for MDS and AML with ASXL1 and SETBP1 mutations.
Comparison of efficacy and toxicity of bevacizumab, endostar and apatinib in transgenic and human lung cancer xenograftzebrafish model
Authors: Jin Yinghua , Wei Lingxiao , Jiang Qiuying , Song Xiaowei , Teng Chong , Fan Chengjuan , Lv Yanju , Liu Ying , Shen Weixi , Li Li , Huang Dayong , Xin Tao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer has driven the development of novel targeted therapies. Vascular endothelial growth factor is the most potent force in mediating tumor angiogenesis, and many angiogenesis inhibitors have been developed for oncology treatment. We performed a study to characterize the efficacy, safety and tumor suppression of three lung cancer related anti-angiogenic drugs (bevacizumab, endostar and apatinib) using transgenic zebrafish embryo and human lung cancer xenotransplantation model. All three drugs demonstrated remarkable angiogenesis and tumor inhibition effect in the zebrafish model, within the nonlethal dose range. Endostar and bevacizumab showed competitive anti-tumor efficacy. The anti-tumor performance of apatinib was hamstrung by its elevated toxicity at 35 °C. The addition of pemetrexed to anti-angiogenesis therapy had no obvious additional benefit in tumors.
Investigation on nitridation processes of Sr2Nb2O7 and SrNbO3 to SrNbO2N for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Kodera Masanori , Moriya Yosuke , Katayama Masao , Hisatomi Takashi , Minegishi Tsutomu , Domen Kazunari 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe processes involved in the nitridation of Sr2Nb2O7 and SrNbO3 to SrNbO2N were assessed by varying the nitridation time, and the related effects on the physical and photoelectrochemical properties of the nitrided products were investigated. In the case of the layered perovskite-type oxide Sr2Nb2O7, the introduction of nitrogen and the extraction of oxygen took place concurrently, leading to lattice shrinkage and a porous structure. In contrast, during nitridation of the perovskite-type oxide SrNbO3, nitrogen was initially introduced without any loss of oxygen, which caused phase separation as a result of a lattice expansion and a charge compensation. The photoelectrochemical properties of obtained SrNbO2N under simulated sunlight were found to vary with the oxide precursor used and with the nitridation process.
Environmental filtering and community delineation in the streambed ecotone
Authors: Peralta-Maraver Ignacio , Galloway Jason , Posselt Malte , Arnon Shai , Reiss Julia , Lewandowski Jörg , Robertson Anne L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA current controversy in ecology is whether biological communities are discrete biological entities or simply study units created for convenience; a debate that becomes even more heated when delimiting communities along ecotones. Here, we report an interdisciplinary study designed to address the interplay between environmental drivers and community ecology in a typical ecotone ecosystem: the streambed. Environmental filtering at a micro-scale determined how diversity, productivity and composition of the whole streambed assemblage varied with depth and with the direction of vertical water exchange. Biomass and production decreased with increasing depth, and were lower under upwelling than downwelling conditions. However, the rate at which biomass and production decreased with increasing depth differed significantly for different taxonomic groups. Using quantitative biocenosis analysis, we also showed that benthic and hyporheic zone assemblages (assemblages in close juxtaposition) could be clearly distinguished as discrete communities with individual integrity. Vertical hydrodynamic conditions also influenced the demarcation between both communities; the benthic community reached greater depths in downwelling than in upwelling zones.
Long-Term Reproducibility of Axial Length after Combined Phacovitrectomy in Macula-sparing Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Kang Tae-Seen , Park Hye-Jin , Jo Young-Joon , Kim Jung-Yeul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere is a myopic shift in the final measured spherical equivalent following combined phacovitrectomy compared to the predicted postoperative value. This change in myopia is known to be associated with gas tamponade, but it also occurs in patients who do not have gas tamponade, and even when vitrectomy is performed in the pseudophakic eye. In this study, we focused on the long-term reproducibility of axial length after combined phacovitrectomy in patients with macula-sparing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Before surgery, one year after surgery, and two years after surgery, bilateral axial lengths were measured using partial interferometry. To confirm whether axial lengths changed after surgery, we conducted confidence analyses using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), and test–retest standard deviation (TRTSD). The preoperative mean axial length was 25.03 ± 1.69 mm in the affected eyes and 24.96 ± 1.70 mm in the fellow eyes. The ICC, CV, and TRTSD were 0.97, 0.45, and 0.114 in affected eyes and 0.98, 0.66, and 0.167 in fellow eyes, respectively, which shows a high level of reproducibility. Prediction errors for postoperative spherical equivalents measured using partial interferometry were −0.41 ± 0.67 diopters (p = 0.001), respectively, which shows a remarkable myopic shift. Correlation analyses indicated that this myopic shift was significant in eyes with a shallower anterior chamber and a thicker lens. In macula-sparing RRD patients, the axial length showed excellent long-term reproducibility two years after vitrectomy, cataract surgery, and gas tamponade. The myopic shift after surgery was therefore caused by factors that may have affected the intraocular lens position, such as preoperative anterior chamber depth and lens thickness, rather than a change in the axial length.
The Role of Attention in Therapy for Children and Adolescents Who Stutter: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Interventions
Authors: Harley Jane 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe aim of the study was to consider the role of attention in therapy for children and adolescents who stutter from the perspective of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs).MethodThis clinical discussion paper will explore two aspects of attention in relation to young people who stutter and their parents: (a) what we attend to as human beings and (b) how we attend. It will draw on research and clinical practice informed by CBT and MBIs. Specifically, information-processing theory in CBT explains psychological well-being partly in terms of what individuals focus their attention on, whereas MBIs focus on the relationship between how individuals attend to their internal experiences and their psychological well-being.ConclusionsAlthough a nascent field, MBIs may be useful as a part of therapy for children and adolescents who stutter. The concepts highlighted by MBIs may also help to resolve some clinical issues.
Palin Parent–Child Interaction Therapy: The Bigger Picture
Authors: Millard Sharon K. , Zebrowski Patricia , Kelman Elaine 
Published: October 2018

PurposePalin Parent–Child Interaction therapy (Kelman & Nicholas, 2008) is an evidence-based intervention for young children who stutter. The evidence consists of multiple single-subject replicated studies, and this demonstrates that the intervention is effective. The aim of this study was to enhance the evidence base by exploring the effectiveness of the therapy with a large cohort of children who stutter.MethodChildren and parents completed a range of assessments at 4 time points: start of therapy and then 3, 6, and 12 months later. The following variables were included: stuttering frequency, child's communication attitude, parents' perception of the impact of the stuttering on the child, the severity of stuttering and its impact on the parents, and their knowledge of stuttering and confidence in managing it. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to explore whether the variables are predictive for the outcome “parent knowledge and confidence.” In addition, we sought a preliminary view of factors associated with outcome level by separating children into 2 groups according to response to treatment (more successful and less successful).ResultsThe results demonstrated a significant improvement in all variables, and this improvement was maintained for 1 year posttreatment. Measures collected 3 months after the start of therapy showed significant improvement in child attitude to communication, parents' knowledge and confidence in how to manage stuttering, and mothers' ratings of stuttering severity and impact the child's stuttering has on the mothers. By 6 months after therapy onset, there was a significant reduction in stuttering frequency and fathers' perception of severity and their worry about it. Furthermore, these improvements were maintained 1 year posttherapy. Several variables predicted parents' knowledge and confidence 6 months after the start of therapy. Finally, those who made greater improvements had mothers who were more negative in their ratings of severity and worry, and had less knowledge and confidence at the start of therapy. There were no differences between the groups on a range of other variables.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that, over a year, children who attend a course of Palin Parent–Child Interaction show reduced stuttering frequency and a more positive attitude to speech. In addition, parents observe these improvements in the child, feel more confident in managing the stuttering, and are less worried about it. The different times at which specific variables significantly improved provides insight to a process of change over time. Results suggest that parents' ability to notice positive change in fluency and the impact that these observations have on both the child and the family are linked to their confidence in how to support the child. The preliminary findings with regard to response to treatment suggest that children can benefit from this program even with factors that might be predicted to reduce therapy success.
The Impact of Stuttering on Development of Self-Identity, Relationships, and Quality of Life in Women Who Stutter
Authors: Nang Charn , Hersh Deborah , Milton Katie , Lau Su Re 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe experiences of women who stutter have been underresearched. Clinicians have little guidance from the research literature on issues specific to women who stutter and are likely to have less clinical contact with this group than with men who stutter because of the higher prevalence of stuttering in men. This study explored the experiences of a small group of women who stutter with a particular focus on what the main current issues are and how gender may have influenced experiences with stuttering.MethodThis qualitative study involved recruitment of 9 women who stutter (aged 35–80 years) through a support network of people who stutter in Western Australia. All the women had received some form of speech therapy for stuttering, and they came from diverse cultural backgrounds. Individual, semistructured interviews were conducted, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data were managed with NVivo 10, and thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes across the data. Data were coded independently by the researchers and refined through group discussion. Participants also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering.ResultsA core theme of “gendered sense of self in society” emerged from the data. This related to 3 broad themes: perceptions of self that were primarily negative, the impact of stuttering on relationships and social connection with others (relationships with family, peers, colleagues, and intimate partners), and the management of stuttering (internal coping, motivations, and experiences with external support).ConclusionsStuttering has a pervasive impact on all aspects of women's lives and affects how they view themselves, their relationships, their career potential, and their perceptions of how others view them in society. The women interviewed in this study often had negative self-perceptions and felt that their quality of life had been impacted by their stuttering. However, the women's stories and experiences of stuttering were shaped by a broader context of perceived sociocultural expectations of females in society. Strong verbal communication was highlighted as a crucial factor in developing identity and forming relationships. This study highlights the need to be aware of the experiences of, and issues facing, women who stutter for clinicians to be more equipped, focused, and successful in their stuttering interventions for women.
Stress bei Patienten: Stress als Prognosefaktor für Re-Infarkte bei koronarer Herzkrankheit
Authors: Li Jian , Angerer Peter 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungBisher wurde Stress als Prognosefaktor bei koronarer Herzkrankheit nur wenig beachtet. Wir möchten in diesem Artikel einen aktualisierten und umfassenden Überblick darüber geben, welche Rolle Stress bei der Prognose der koronaren Herzkrankheit spielen könnte. Stress wurde in unterschiedlichen Domänen gemessen. Die Synthese der Forschungsevidenz lässt vermuten, dass Stress das Risiko für wiederholte klinische Ereignisse bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit um 55% (95%-Konfidenzintervall 32 – 83%) erhöhen kann. Die „European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice“, 2016 von der European Society of Cardiology veröffentlicht, weisen besonders auf die Rolle von Stress und psychosozialen Risikofaktoren hin. Insbesondere die „Cardiac Rehabilitation Section“ der European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation schlägt eine 2-stufige Evaluation eines potenziellen Risikos durch Stress für die klinisch-kardiologische Praxis vor.
Psychosozialer Stress durch Armut: Folgen für die Herz-Kreislauf-Gesundheit
Authors: Lampert Thomas 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungEine sozial benachteiligte Lebenslage geht mit einer um 5 – 10 Jahre verringerten mittleren Lebenserwartung bei Geburt einher. Einen wesentlichen Anteil daran haben soziale Unterschiede in der Inzidenz und Prävalenz von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Nach den für Deutschland vorliegenden Studien ist z. B. das Risiko für einen Herzinfarkt oder Schlaganfall bei Männern und Frauen mit niedrigem Sozialstatus, im Vergleich zu denjenigen mit hohem Sozialstatus, um das 2- bis 3-Fache erhöht. Als mögliche Erklärungen werden vor allem höhere psychosoziale Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz und ein gesundheitsriskanterer Lebensstil in den niedrigen Statusgruppen diskutiert. Daneben sollten aber auch z. B. psychosoziale Belastungen außerhalb der Arbeitswelt und in geringerem Umfang verfügbare soziale und personale Ressourcen berücksichtigt werden. Die sozialen Unterschiede bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen zeigen Potenziale für eine weitere Verbesserung der Gesundheit der Bevölkerung auf und weisen zudem auf Zielgruppen für die Prävention und Gesundheitsversorgung hin.
Laparoskopische Leberchirurgie – Berliner Zentrumserfahrungen aus 250 konsekutiven Fällen
Authors: Schmelzle Moritz , Wabitsch Simon , Haber Philipp , Krenzien Felix , Kästner Anika , Biebl Matthias , Öllinger Robert , Pratschke Johann 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Trotz überzeugender Ergebnisse international führender Leberzentren ist die laparoskopische Leberchirurgie in Deutschland weiterhin vergleichsweise wenig verbreitet. An der Chirurgischen Klinik der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin wurde 2015 ein strukturiertes Programm zur Entwicklung der laparoskopischen Leberchirurgie etabliert, woraus sich mögliche Implikationen für die breite Etablierung an deutschen Kliniken ergeben.
Methode Wir berichten hier über unsere Zentrumserfahrungen aus 250 konsekutiven, laparoskopischen Leberresektionen zwischen 12/2013 und 1/2018. Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Auswertung in Hinblick auf Indikationen, Patientencharakteristika, Komplexität der Operationen und postoperative Ergebnisse. Die Entwicklung des Programmes wurde analysiert durch Vergleich des Zeitraumes 1 (1/2014 – 12/2015) und Zeitraumes 2 (1/2016 – 12/2017).
Ergebnisse Im Vergleich zum Zeitraum 1 (n = 16, 25% der Patienten) zeigte sich im Zeitraum 2 (n = 75, 50% der Patienten) ein signifikant höherer Prozentsatz von Patienten mit einem hohen ASA-Score (3/4; p = 0,001). Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom war die häufigste Indikation (n = 76, 30,4%), gefolgt von kolorektalen Lebermetastasen (n = 63, 25,2%), wobei sich über die Jahre eine Zunahme bösartiger Tumoren von 53,8% im Zeitraum 1 zu 75,7% im Zeitraum 2 (p = 0,001) zeigte. Es erfolgten 72 Major- (≥ 3 Segmente) und 178 Minorresektionen (< 3 Segmente) mit einer Zunahme an Majorresektionen vom Zeitraum 1 (n = 12, 17,9%) zum Zeitraum 2 (n = 56, 33,1%, p = 0,02). Trotz eines signifikant höheren Prozentsatzes an komplexen Eingriffen im Zeitraum 2 war die Rate an Majorkomplikationen (Dindo-Clavien ≥ III a) mit 16% (27 Patienten) nicht signifikant höher als im Zeitraum 1 mit 11,9% (8 Patienten, p = 0,432). 67 (26,8%) Patienten litten unter einer Leberzirrhose, wobei sich die postoperative Komplikationsrate (Dindo-Clavien ≥ III a) zwischen Patienten mit (12%) und ohne Zirrhose (15,8%) nicht signifikant unterschied (p = 0,424).
Schlussfolgerung Neben entsprechender Expertise in der konventionell offenen Leberchirurgie, in der minimalinvasiven Chirurgie und in der intraoperativen Sonografie ist ein strukturierter Aufbau eines Programmes notwendig, um die laparoskopische Leberchirurgie sicher an deutschen Kliniken zu implementieren. Aufgrund überzeugender Ergebnisse wird die konventionell offene Leberchirurgie in den nächsten Jahren auch in Deutschland durch laparoskopische Techniken weitestgehend abgelöst werden.