bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analgesic Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Karika Leaves (Carica pubescens) In Vivo
Authors: Sasongko Heru , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto , Efendi Nur Rohman , Pratiwi Diah , Setyawan Ahmad Dwi , Widiyani Tetri 
Published: November 2018

Karika (<em>Carica pubesce</em><em>ns</em>)is a typical plant of the Dieng plateau. Previous study showed that <em>Carica</em><em>pubescens</em>contains chemical compound such as flavonoid that play role in analgesic activity. This study was aimed to determine the analgesic activity of etanolic extracts of karika leaves) in vivo using writhing method. The study was conducted on 25 male mice strain Swiss-Webster (20-30 g, 2-3 months) that were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group I was given distilled water 1 mL (p.o) as negative control, group II was given tramadol 50 mg/kgBW (p.o) as positive control, and group III-V received an etanolic extracts of karika leaves in 3 doses, i.e. 20 mg/kgBW, 40 mg/kgBW, and 80 mg/kgBW (p.o), respectively. Acetic acid 0,5% (v/v) was used as pain inductor. The writhe was observed within 1 hour. Data analysis was carried out by using one way ANOVA. The result showed that the ethanol extract of leaves Karika <em>(Carica </em><em>pubescens)</em> have activity as an analgesic at a dose of 20 mg / kg, 40 mg / kg and 80 mg / KgBW (p &lt;0.05), chemically induced, where a dose of 80 mg / KgBW (p.o) produce the most high analgesic activity.
Cytotoxic Activity Of Non Polar Fraction From Annona Muricata L. Leaves On Hela And Raji Cell Line
Authors: Artanti Anif Nur , Astirin Okid Parama , Prayitno Adi 
Published: November 2018

<span>The main focus of the research is cancer by a viral infection such as nasopharinx and cervical cancer that have high incidence in Indonesia. Cervical cancer is due to the viral infection known as the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and nasopharing cancer is a cancer that is caused by EBV infection (Eppstein Barr virus). <span>The main priority of </span>nasopharinx<span> and servix cancer treatment is the use of chemotherapeutic agents, but it might also lead to diverse side-effects. The focus of this study was to develop the potency of non polar fraction from <em>Annona muricata</em> L. leaves by observing the cytotoxic effect on Hela and Raji cancer cell line.</span></span>
A Sensor-Based Forage Monitoring of Grazing Cattle in Dairy Farming
Authors: Jemila J. Suganthi , Priyadharsini S. Suja 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this proposed work, the feeding behavior of cow is analyzed to monitor its health condition, through the detection of three most common events of grazing activity such as chew, bite, and chew–bite. A healthy cow should have a good means of chew, bite, and chew–bite habits. Hence, an unhealthy cow can be easily identified by its grazing activities and treated immediately. Here, a wearable and compact device is developed, which is used to monitor the grazing events. The device consists of Arduino uno, Accelerometer sensor, Wi-Fi module, and a battery for power supply. This helps the cattle owners to monitor the cattle condition at remote distance via wireless communication. The device was placed on 30 cows and 65 real-time datasets were recorded in which 30 datasets indicated bite event, 26 datasets indicated chew event and 14 datasets indicated chew–bite event and it was verified.
FRAMEWORK IMPLEMENTATION, FIRMWARE DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FLEX-SPI COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL: ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON WITH I2C STANDARD
Authors: Visconti P. , Giannotta G. , Brama R. , Primiceri P. , de Fazio R. , Malvasi A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we report a detailed description of developed Flex-SPI firmware structure together with experimental tests carried out by using ad-hoc instrumental setups based on TI MSP- EXP430F5438 experimenter boards. Developed framework, aimed to provide a solid base to test the possibility of performing a shared SPI communication with a fixed number of wires without renouncing to push-pull output stage advantages, has been implemented and successfully validated. Also, FlexSPI energy consumption has been evaluated and then compared with the I2C one, by proper experimental setups and related data processing: the two protocols, in fact, share several features, although they rely on a different hardware configuration. The energy/bit metric was chosen so that the two output stages can be compared regardless the effective quantity of exchanged packets; thus, this measure provides an indication of necessary energy amount to move a single bit to guarantee the correct firmware functionality. Despite larger quantity of exchanged data due to channel reservation needs (with a 35% traffic overhead, in the performed tests), the FlexSPI total energy consumption is comparable with the I2C one, at the same communication speed; thus a lower energy/bit requirement is required for FlexSPI protocol, decreasing with the negotiated speed, in this way proving FlexSPI protocol as a suited and valid choice for high-speed low-consumption communications inside embedded systems with a developed architecture capable of great flexibility.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SVM KERNELS ON MULTISPECTRAL LISS III DATA FOR OBJECT CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Prasad S.V.S. , Savithri T. Sathya , Krishna Iyyanki V. Murali 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Object based classification plays an important role in every field. Support vector machine is the popular algorithm for object based classification. Support vector machine classifies the data points using straight line. Some datasets are impossible to separate by straight line. To cope with this problem kernel function is used. The central idea of kernel function is to project points up in a higher dimensional space hoping that separability of data would improve. There are various kernels in the LIBSVM package. In this paper, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is evaluated as classifier with four different kernels namely linear kernel, polynomial kernel, radial basis function kernel and sigmoid kernel. Several datasets are being experimented to find out the performance of various kernels of SVM .By changing the value of ‘C’ and γ varying results are observed. Among these RBF kernel with a value of C = 1000 and gamma=0.75 got an excellent accuracy of 99.1509%.The SVM-RBF kernel gave an edge over the other kernels with an accuracy of 99.1509% while linear at 98.9623%, polynomial at 98.6792% and Sigmoid at 98.5849%.
LOAD AWARE CHANNEL ESTIMATION AND CHANNEL SCHEDULING FOR 2.4GHZ FREQUENCY BAND BASED WIRELESS NETWORKS FOR SMART GRID APPLICATIONS
Authors: Vikram K , Sahoo Sarat Kumar 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The advanced monitoring and control applications consider Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) as a promising technology for modern applications like the Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Grid and Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). The WSN has important features like less cost, low power usage, supportable data rates and complexity. There is a need for continuous research on improving characteristics and abilities of WSN. The reliable performance of WSN depends on the latency necessities depending on the type of application and Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. The technologies like Zigbee, WiFi, and Bluetooth operating in 2.4GHz are mostly considered for deploying the WSN. Because of coexistence environment, the performance of Zigbee gets affected in terms of channel switching and causes the significant amount of delay. Also, the data transmission should be performed without any collision. In this paper, initially, the pseudorandom – based interference evading scheme is introduced for efficient data communication. During this scheme, if node attains a channel it must wait for a network reconfiguration time for moving to next channel. Hence, during this time other nodes are allowed for moving to the new channel. Secondly, for moving to the new channel load aware channel estimation is proposed to assess the possibility of traffic weight assignment at each channel. Finally, the Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based collision avoiding multiple-channel based superframe scheduling is proposed for IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless networks working under the influence of IEEE 802.11b network. The channel with best energy function is selected for data transmission. The work proposed in this paper is evaluated based on the comparison to the existing works. From the results obtained it is inferred as proposed work shows better performance in terms of packet error rate, packet delivery ratio, and energy consumed when compared to the existing algorithms.
EVALUATION OF BEHAVIOR ESTIMATION USING WARD’S METHOD IN MULTIFUNCTION OUTLET SYSTEM
Authors: Kimura Sho , Sasama Toshihiko , Kawamura Takao , Sugahara Kazunori 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Home Energy Management System (HEMS) is standard as a system for reducing power consumption in ordinary homes. The system prevents the users from forgetting to turn off home appliances. However the system is too simple to more reduce power consumption. Therefore we aim to reduce power consumption by figuring out a user’s behavior to control home appliances. However to estimate user’s behavior is difficult for the system. So we develop Multifunction Outlet System into a function to control home appliances. The function uses Ward’s method which is an unsupervised learning for estimation of a user’s behavior. In this paper, we evaluated a result of estimate of a user’s behavior from sensor data by Ward’s method.
Oat, Wheat, and Sorghum Genotype Reactions to Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: DE BRIDA ANDRESSA LIMA , DA SILVA CORREIA ÉRIKA CRISTINA SOUZA , DE CASTRO E CASTRO BÁRBARA MONTEIRO , ZANUNCIO JOSÉ COLA , SICILIANO WILCKEN SÍLVIA RENATA 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Meloidogyne spp. are the most economically important species of plant-pathogenic nematodes. Plant resistance and crop rotation are the main nematode management methods. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the resistance of seven wheat genotypes, five oat genotypes, ten sorghum hybrids, and three sorghum–sudangrass genotypes to Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica. The crops were sowed in pots with an auto-claved substrate. A single plant/pot was left after thinning. The soil was infested with 5,000 eggs of the studied nematodes. Tomato (cv. Rutgers) plants were used as the standard for nematode susceptibility. The evaluations were conducted 60 d after inoculation. Gall and egg-mass indexes were obtained according to a 0–5 scale. Plants with a reproduction factor higher than 1.0 were classified as susceptible (S) and lower than 1.0 as resistant (R). Wheat and oat genotypes did not allow M. incognita and M. javanica reproduction, proving resistance to these organisms. Sorghum genotypes had different reactions to M. incognita and M. javanica. The tomato (cv. Rutgers) plants demonstrated the viability of the nematode inoculum for the three crops. The wheat and oat genotypes and the sorghum hybrids ‘BRS-610’, ‘BRS-800’, and ‘307.343’ can be used in crop rotation systems for M. incognita and M. javanica management.
First Report of Cactodera estonica in Canada
Authors: YU QING , SUN FENGCHENG 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A population of cyst nematode with terminal protuberance was found in soil samples associated with and on the roots of Polygonum aviculare L. at N45°23.480′, W75°40.463′ in South Ottawa, Ontario. Both J2 and cysts were found. It was subsequently confirmed with morphological and molecular methods as Cactodera estonica Krall and Krall, 1978 (Krall and Krall, 1978). The cysts are dark brown, elongated with length/breadth ratio more than 2, and vulval fenestra circumfenestrate 33 ± 4.1 (20–48) μm in diameter. Vulval slit is short 16 ± 2.7 (13–20) μm. Not all cysts have bullae or underbridge, when present a few bullae scattered on the ventral side of the cyst wall and the underbridge is thin; vulval denticles were found in one specimen. Male not found. J2 measurements are body length at 505 ± 45 (420–630) μm, stylet 25 ± 4.4 (22–29) μm long, and tail 36 ± 3.1 (34–38) μm with a short hyaline portion 14 ± 3.0 (12–19) μm. Lateral fields with four incisures. Tail end is round. All of these are consistent with those of C. estonica, for which the elongated cyst and short hyaline in J2 are characteristic for the species. Ribosomal DNA of the ITS, 18S, and D2/D3 of 28S regions were PCR amplified from cysts and J2s using primers 18S (5′-TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3′) and 26S (5′-TTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAAGG-3′) (Vrain et al., 1992), D2A (5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGT-3′) (Nunn, 1992) and D3B (5′-GACCCGTCTTGAAACACGGA-3′) (De Ley et al., 1999), and sequenced. The sequences of the ITS and D2/D3 regions of 1,480 and 1,363 bps, respectively, were deposited in Genbank with accession numbers MF774482 and MF774483. When blasted in to the NCBI database (August 2017), the ITS sequence was 99% similar to sequences of AF274417, a population of C. estonica from Belgium and of KX579922 from Turkey, and the D2/D3 sequence was 99% similar to sequences of HM560797 and HM560796, populations of C. estonica from China. This is the first reported case of this nematode species in Canada and the second for the western hemisphere (Norgren and Golden, 1986).
Annual and Perennial Alleyway Cover Crops Vary in Their Effects on Pratylenchus penetrans in Pacific Northwest Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)
Authors: RUDOLPH RACHEL E. , ZASADA INGA A. , DEVETTER LISA W. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Cover crops can provide many benefits to agroecosystems, such as lessening soil erosion and increasing water infiltration. However, cover crop use is not common in established red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) fields in the Pacific Northwest. Raspberry growers are concerned about resource competition between the cover crop and raspberry crop, as well as increasing population densities of the plant-parasitic nematode Pratylenchus penetrans, which has a wide host range and has been shown to reduce raspberry plant vigor and yield. A 2-yr study was conducted in an established ‘Meeker’ raspberry field in northwest Washington to evaluate the effects of nine alleyway cover crops, mowed weed cover, and the industry standard of bare cultivated soil on P. penetrans population dynamics, raspberry yield, and fruit quality. The host status for P. penetrans of cover crops included in the field experiment, as well as Brassica juncea ‘Pacific Gold’ and Sinapis alba ‘Ida Gold’, was also evaluated in greenhouse experiments. In the field experiment, P. penetrans population densities did not increase in alleyway cover crop roots over time or in alleyway soil surrounding cover crop roots (means range from 0 to 116 P. penetrans/100 g of soil) compared with the bare cultivated control (means range from 2 to 55 P. penetrans/100 g of soil). Pratylenchus penetrans populations did not increase over time in raspberry grown adjacent to alleyways with cover crops (means range from 1,081 to 6,120 P. penetrans/g of root) compared with those grown adjacent to bare cultivated soil alleyways (means range from 2,391 to 5,536 P. penetrans/g of root). Raspberry grown adjacent to bare cultivated soil did not have significantly higher yield or fruit quality than raspberry grown adjacent to cover crops in either year of the experiment. In the greenhouse assays, ‘Norwest 553’ wheat and a perennial ryegrass mix were poor hosts for P. penetrans, whereas ‘Nora’ and ‘TAM 606’ oat and ‘Pacific Gold’ and ‘Ida Gold’ mustard were good hosts. These results support the idea that the potential benefits of alleyway cover crops outweigh the potential risk of increasing P. penetrans population densities and do not compromise raspberry yield or fruit quality.
Multisectoral approach to nutrition in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Muhammad 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The under-five stunting rate in Pakistan is one of the highest in the world despite rapid decline in poverty and open defecation over the years. To identify the determinants of childhood stunting in Pakistan, this study used a parsimonious regression model to quantitatively apply the UNICEF multisectoral nutrition framework to Pakistan using Demographic and Health Survey 2012–13 data. The econometric analysis shows that simultaneous improvements in determinants of nutrition are more likely to reduce malnutrition in Pakistan compared to improvements in individual components. Adequacies in ‘food only’ and ‘health only’ are the strongest determinants of height-for-age while adequacy in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (Environment) alone does not have a robust relationship with height-for-age. Food has a much stronger and more robust correlation with height-for-age when it is combined with Environment. Under Adequacy Definition 1, children with access to all four dimensions are significantly taller than others. The results show that multisectoral interventions are more likely to be successful in reducing malnutrition as compared to isolated interventions targeting one of the determinants of malnutrition; this is especially true for interventions in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene.
Degradation of acetaminophen in aqueous solution by UV and UV-activated sludge processes
Authors: Xu Bingjie , Zhan Guoyan , Xu Bin , Du Haijie , Luo Hang , Wang Tianfeng , Zhan Changchao , Yang Yi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) is one of the most common antipyretic analgesics used to treat common ailments throughout the world. Recently, APAP has been frequently detected in wastewater effluent and groundwater, resulting in potential risks to the environment. Current methods for eliminating APAP are complicated and cost-prohibitive. This study examined APAP degradation by ultraviolet-C (UV-C) and UV-C irradiation combined with activated sludge (UV/AS) to evaluate potential applications in wastewater treatment. The results of this study indicate that UV-C irradiation reached an APAP degradation efficiency of more than 52% and a degradation rate of 0.0012–0.0013 min−1 during 720 min of exposure, while the initial APAP concentration exhibited only a nominal effect on the degradation rate. However, the UV/AS treatment demonstrated an APAP degradation rate that was 9.6 times the rate of the UV-C-only treatment, with a degradation efficiency of 99% over the same UV irradiation period. The results further indicated that APAP photolysis efficiency was more effective when applied to sterilized AS than when applied to unsterilized AS. Finally, excessive dosage of both AS and humic acid inhibited APAP photolysis efficiency.
Ways to raise Russia's competitiveness in oil and gas industry
Authors: Perevertova Vera Sergeevna 
Published: November 2018

Improving the competitiveness of the Russian Federation in the oil and gas industry – is one of the most pressing problems of today. Oil and gas – the most popular resources in the world. On this basis, in the highly competitive Russian companies it is not easy to manage to maintain its position in the world oil market. In this article the analysis of competitiveness in the Russian oil and gas industry is considered and some ways to improve the competitiveness of the Russian oil and gas companies in the world are studied.
Contradicciones socioambientales en los procesos de mitigación, asociados al ciclo del carbono en sistemas agroforestales
Authors: Soto-Pinto Lorena , Jiménez-Ferrer Guillermo 
Published: November 2018

En distintas regiones del mundo, la agroforestería ha contribuido a mejorar los sistemas de producción agrícola, la soberanía alimentaria y la conservación de la biodiversidad, así como a mitigar y adaptarse a los efectos del cambio climático. El maíz, el café y la ganadería bovina, son actividades agropecuarias esenciales en los estados del sur de México. En Chiapas existen diversas experiencias agroforestales de mitigación que sobresalen por su multifuncionalidad: producen alimentos y bienes forestales y, al mismo tiempo, mantienen funciones socioambientales. Los proyectos de mitigación presentan barreras y contradicciones socioambientales para la implementación y continuidad, aunque han mostrado su importancia en la mitigación de gases efecto invernadero. El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir las contradicciones (trade-offs) que se presentan en proyectos agroforestales para mitigación de gases efecto invernadero. En los sistemas analizados se encontraron importantes cantidades de carbono en la materia orgánica del suelo, biomasa viva y muerta. Desde la perspectiva de la producción de alimentos y madera, así como de la conservación de especies y funciones ecosistémicas, los sistemas agroforestales manejados en pequeña escala son estratégicos. No obstante, se observaron limitaciones desde la perspectiva de los productores en el terreno de los beneficios económicos y necesidades de organización para el mercado, los requisitos, la capacitación, la competencia por uso del suelo y la inversión del trabajo. Las ventajas y desventajas son elementos importantes a ser tomados en cuenta en el diseño de sistemas agroforestales y programas de servicios ecosistémicos. En la medida que se entiendan estos procesos, habrá mayor posibilidad de éxito con beneficios locales y globales.
KELESTARIAN GUMUK PASIR PANTAI PARANGTRITIS SEBAGAI PENGHALANG (BARRIER) ALAMI GELOMBANG PASANG DAN TSUNAMI
Authors: Khotimah Nurul 
Published: November 2018

AbstrakGumuk Pasir di Pantai Parangtritis merupakan bentuklahan oleh angin (eolian) yang dipengaruhi oleh pemasokan pasir, kecepatan angin, dan kerapatan vegetasi. Keberadaan gumuk pasir itu mampu menjadi barrier gelombang pasang atau tsunami (isu: air dan nami: pelabuhan).Mengingat pentingnya keberadaan gumuk pasir maka diperlukan usaha-usaha untuk pelestariannya yaitu pengolahan secara baik lahan gumuk pasir pantai, penertiban bangunan yang tidak sesuai azas sekitar muara Opak-Oyo dan di gumuk pasir pantai. Langkah-langkah yang perlu diambil adalah sosialisasi kelestarian lingkungan hidup terhadap masyarakat sekitar gumuk pasir pantai, gerakan rehabilitasi lahan, dan penertiban terhadap pelaku wisata dan masyarakat yang melanggar PERDA lingkungan hidup. Kata kunci : gumuk pasir, Parangtritis, gelombang pasang, tsunami