bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Efficient Pd‐Free Ni‐Layered Double Hydroxide Catalysts for a Suzuki C–C Coupling Reaction
Authors: Alzhrani Ghalia , Ahmed Nesreen S. , Aazam Elham S. , Saleh Tamer S. , Mokhtar Mohamed 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction has developed as one of the foremost effectual approaches for the synthesis of biaryls or substituted aromatic moieties from aryl halides and arylboronic acids with a palladium‐catalyst in the past two eras. In this study, Pd‐free layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nickel‐containing catalysts were prepared by a coprecipitation method under ultrasonic irradiation and N2 atmosphere with different molar ratios of Ni:Mg:Al and coded as (1NiLDHs−Dr), (1.5NiLDHs−Dr) and (2NiLDHs−Dr). A series of reduced catalysts under 5% H2/N2 at 200 °C were coded as 1NiLDHs−R200, 1.5NiLDHs−R200 and 2NiLDHs−R200. Deep investigation of all catalysts was done using different techniques such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) connected with energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N2‐physisorption at –196 °C. The results attained verified that ɑ‐Ni(OH)2 was fashioned for a 2NiLDHs−Dr catalyst and that the enclosure of nickel ions in the cationic sheet of the layered structure was responsible for the fascinating catalytic efficacy rather than the basic nature of material. The Ni‐containing LDHs catalysts encourage forthcoming studies in Pd‐free catalyzed C−C coupling reactions.
Temporary colocation and collaborative discovery: Who confers at conferences
Authors: Chai Sen , Freeman Richard B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryThe flow of knowledge is closely linked to proximity. While extensive works show that long‐term geographic proximity affects work behavior, little is known about the effect of short‐term colocation, such as conferences. Using participant data at Gordon Research Conferences, we estimate difference‐in‐differences and instrumental variable models, which show that attendees who have no prior within‐conference collaborations are more likely to collaborate with other attendees, and that the researchers who have worked previously with other attendees are more likely to continue their collaborations. We also find that researchers who are junior, are located closer to the conference venue, and have established prior ties to the conference draw more collaborative benefits from temporary colocation across organizations. Thus, going to a conference alters the creation of collaborations.Managerial SummaryManagers face important decisions with long‐term strategic ramifications regarding where to locate offices, plants, and R&D centers, as well as how to lay out workspaces inside the firm to enhance knowledge spillover and collaboration. Permanent proximity, however, may be difficult and sometimes impossible to attain. One potential way of overcoming the distance disadvantage in knowledge spillover and tie formation is through temporary colocation events that bring together individuals from distant locations in an environment of temporary proximity. We find that individuals who attend temporary colocation events across organizational boundaries are more likely to collaborate with one another subsequently. Hence, managers of firms should pledge substantial funds for employees to participate in these events so as to impact the subsequent direction of R&D activities.
Magnetically Driven Undulatory Microswimmers Integrating Multiple Rigid Segments
Authors: Liao Pan , Xing Liuxi , Zhang Shiwu , Sun Dong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMimicking biological locomotion strategies offers important possibilities and motivations for robot design and control methods. Among bioinspired microrobots, flexible microrobots exhibit remarkable efficiency and agility. These microrobots traditionally rely on soft material components to achieve undulatory propulsion, which may encounter challenges in design and manufacture including the complex fabrication processes and the interfacing of rigid and soft components. Herein, a bioinspired magnetically driven microswimmer that mimics the undulatory propulsive mechanism is proposed. The designed microswimmer consists of four rigid segments, and each segment is connected to the succeeding segment by joints. The microswimmer is fabricated integrally by 3D laser lithography without further assembly, thereby simplifying microrobot fabrication while enhancing structural integrity. Experimental results show that the microswimmer can successfully swim forward along guided directions via undulatory locomotion in the low Reynolds number (Re) regime. This work demonstrates for the first time that the flexible characteristic of microswimmers can be emulated by 3D structures with multiple rigid segments, which broadens possibilities in microrobot design. The proposed magnetically driven microswimmer can potentially be used in biomedical applications, such as medical diagnosis and treatment in precision medicine.
Effects of a nutritional supplement in dogs affected by osteoarthritis
Authors: Musco Nadia , Vassalotti Giuseppe , Mastellone Vincenzo , Cortese Laura , della Rocca Giorgia , Molinari Maria Luce , Calabrò Serena , Tudisco Raffaella , Cutrignelli Monica Isabella , Lombardi Pietro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a form of chronic joint inflammation caused by the deterioration of the joint cartilage, accompanied by chronic pain, lameness and stiffness, particularly after prolonged activity. Alternative treatments of canine osteoarthritis would be desirable and, recently nutraceuticals, have been proposed for this purpose. Twenty cross breed adult dogs affected by osteoarthritis were enrolled and equally divided into two groups (control vs. experimental). The nutritional supplement (Dynamopet srl, Verone, Italy) was administered for 90 days to the dogs of the experimental group in order to evaluate its metabolic and locomotor effects. All the clinical signs (lameness, pain on manipulation and palpation, range of motion and joint swelling) significantly (p < 0.01) improved during the trial as regards the experimental group. This group showed a significantly lower joint score than the control group (mean value 7.40 vs. 3.80). With regard to haematology, the mean corpuscular volume resulted significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the experimental group, i.e. alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglycerides values decreased and were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than the control one, thus suggesting an improvement in bone remodelling and lipid metabolism. A decrease in the reactive oxygen metabolites and an increase in the biological antioxidant potential demonstrated an improvement in oxidative stress during the trial in the experimental group compare to the control group. Interleukins 6 decreased in the experimental group, while interleukins 10 resulted in the opposite trend. Moreover, the administration of up to 3 months of the studied supplement was well tolerated in the dogs and caused no adverse effects.
Responsibility for climate change adaptation
Authors: Juhola Sirkku K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs a policy process, climate change adaptation is rapidly advancing. Yet fundamental questions remain unanswered including, who is responsible for planned adaptation and when, who is liable for losses and damages resulting from climate change and how is responsibility distributed in a multilevel governance system? Responsibility can be evaluated in terms of the timing of particular events, the specific societal actors involved and the rules and norms used to attribute responsibility for dealing with those events. Four types of responsibility—care, liability, accountability, and responsiveness for adaptation—are identified, based on empirical studies and examples from the literature. This review demonstrates the need to further explore the normative implications of responsibility and how they should be considered in adaptation governance and policy.This article is categorized under:
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation
Filtered actuator disks: Theory and application to wind turbine models in large eddy simulation
Authors: Shapiro Carl R. , Gayme Dennice F. , Meneveau Charles 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe actuator disk model (ADM) continues to be a popular wind turbine representation in large eddy simulations (LES) of large wind farms. Computational restrictions typically limit the number of grid points across the rotor of each actuator disk and require spatial filtering to smoothly distribute the applied force distribution on discrete grid points. At typical grid resolutions, simulations cannot capture all of the vorticity shed behind the disk and subsequently overpredict power by upwards of 10%. To correct these modeling errors, we propose a vortex cylinder model to quantify the shed vorticity when a filtered force distribution is applied at the actuator disk. This model is then used to derive a correction factor for numerical simulations that collapses the power curve for simulations at various filter widths and grid resolutions onto the curve obtained using axial momentum theory. The proposed correction, which is analytically derived from first principles, facilitates accurate power measurements in LES without resorting to highly refined numerical grids or empirical correction factors.
A general method to estimate wind farm power using artificial neural networks
Authors: Yan Chi , Pan Yang , Archer Cristina L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn artificial neural network (ANN) is trained and validated using a large dataset of observations of wind speed, direction, and power generated at an offshore wind farm (Lillgrund in Sweden). In its traditional form, the ANN is used to generate a new two‐dimensional power curve, which predicts with high accuracy (bias ∼−0.5% and absolute error ∼2%) the power of the entire Lillgrund wind farm based on wind speed and direction. By contrast, manufacturers only provide one‐dimensional power curves (i.e., power as a function of wind speed) for a single turbine. The second innovative application of the ANN is the use of a geometric model (GM) to calculate two simple geometric properties to replace wind direction in the ANN. The resulting GM‐ANN has the powerful feature of being applicable to any wind farm, not just Lillgrund. A validation at an onshore wind farm (Nørrekær in Denmark) demonstrates the high accuracy (bias ∼−0.7% and absolute error ∼6%) and transfer‐learning ability of the GM‐ANN.
A review of the energy–carbon–water nexus: Concepts, research focuses, mechanisms, and methodologies
Authors: Li Hao , Zhao Yuhuan , Lin Jiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe energy–carbon–water (ECW) nexus has aroused increasing attention worldwide, as it is very important for sustainable development of socioeconomic systems. Researchers conducted a literature review of existing studies on the ECW nexus in terms of concepts, research focuses, mechanisms, and methodologies. Current research on the ECW nexus mainly focuses on the ECW flow accounting, the impact assessment of ECW‐related policies or measures, and the description of the nexus characteristics. ECW‐related measures may lead to a variety of cobenefits: economic growth, pollutant reduction, water quality improvement, and the carbon–water trade‐off—that is, that the adoption of water‐saving cooling technologies (such as wet cooling) could increase energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. ECW‐related measures could also lead to the deployment of some low‐carbon power generation technologies, such as hydro, nuclear, and biofuel that could increase power sector water use. Nexus mechanisms of existing studies are mainly aimed at a specific sector; fewer studies consider the mechanisms from an economy‐wide perspective. Integrated models, such as computable general equilibrium‐based models and input–output (IO)‐based hybrid life cycle assessment models, should be used to assess the broad socioeconomic impacts of ECW‐related measures in future, in order to inspire policymakers to design and implement effective measures for integrated ECW management.This article is categorized under:
Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
Concentrating Solar Power > Climate and Environment
Diversity of yeasts in the soil adjacent to fruit trees of the Rosaceae family
Authors: Vadkertiová Renáta , Dudášová Hana , Stratilová Eva , Balaščáková Marta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractYeasts are common constituents of different types of soil. Their diversity depends on the season, the type and depth of the soil, the plant species, and the locality. In this study, diversity of yeasts isolated from the soil adjacent to five fruit trees (apple, appricot, peach, pear, and plum) in two localities (in Slovakia) in four sampling periods was examined. Our results demonstrated differences in the species richness and evenness among the yeast populations, which inhabited the soil beneath individual fruit tree species in both localities. Altogether, 32 ascomycetous and 27 basidiomycetous yeast species were discovered. The highest species richness was found in the soil adjacent to the apricot trees. Galactomyces candidum, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Schwanniomyces capriottii, and Tausonia pullulans, as well as the genus Apiotrichum, were present in soil samples in all samplings. Two species of the genus Holtermanniella (H. festucosa and H. takashimae) were exclusively isolated during Sampling IV in April. Cyberlindnera spp., Clavispora reshetovae, S. capriottii, and Trichosporon asahii were found only in one of two localities. Ascomycetous yeasts were present more frequently than their basidiomycetous counterparts in the three samplings (one in June and two in October); they formed from 65.6% to 70.8% of the total yeast population, whereas basidiomycetous yeasts prevailed in the April sampling (61.2%).
Minding the treatment gap: results of the Singapore Mental Health Study
Authors: Subramaniam Mythily , Abdin Edimansyah , Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit , Shafie Saleha , Chua Hong Choon , Tan Weng Mooi , Tan Kelvin Bryan , Verma Swapna , Heng Derrick , Chong Siow Ann 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo establish the 12-month treatment gap and its associated factors among adults with mental disorders in the Singapore resident population using data from the second Singapore Mental Health Study and to examine the changes since the last mental health survey conducted in 2010.Methods6126 respondents were administered selected modules of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, to assess major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) (which included alcohol abuse and dependence). Past year treatment gap was defined as the absolute difference between the prevalence of a particular mental disorder in the past 12 months preceding the interview and those who had received treatment for that disorder.ResultsThe prevalence of overall 12-month treatment gap in this population was high (78.6%). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significantly higher odds of treatment gap among those diagnosed with OCD (compared to those with MDD) and in those with a comorbid chronic physical disorder; while those who had primary education and below and those who were unemployed were less likely to have a treatment gap as compared to those with post-secondary education and those employed, respectively.ConclusionsThe high treatment gap in the population is concerning and highlights the need to promote help-seeking and uptake of treatment. Given the unique demographic characteristics, i.e., those with higher education and employed were more likely not to seek treatment, targeted interventions in the educational and workplace settings should be implemented.
Sex-specific markers for waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)
Authors: Montgomery Jacob S. , Sadeque Ahmed , Giacomini Darci A. , Brown Patrick J. , Tranel Patrick J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWaterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus(Moq.) J. D. Sauer] and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Watson) are troublesome weeds of row-crop production in the United States. Their dioecious reproductive systems ensure outcrossing, facilitating rapid evolution and distribution of resistances to multiple herbicides. Little is known, however, about the genetic basis of dioecy inAmaranthusspecies. In this work, we use restriction site–associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) to investigate the genetic basis of sex determination inA. tuberculatusandA. palmeri. For each species, approximately 200 plants of each sex were sampled and used to create RAD-Seq libraries. The resulting libraries were separately bar-coded and then pooled for sequencing with the Illumina platform, yielding millions of 64-bp reads. These reads were analyzed to identify sex-specific and sex-biased sequences. We identified 345 male-specific sequences from theA. palmeridata set and 2,754 male-specific sequences inA. tuberculatus. An unexpected 723 female-specific sequences were identified in a subset of theA. tuberculatusfemales; subsequent research, however, indicated female specificity of these markers was limited to the population from which they were identified. Primer sets designed to specifically amplify male-specific sequences were tested for accuracy on multiple, geographically distinct populations ofA. tuberculatusandA. palmeri, as well as otherAmaranthusspecies. Two primer sets forA. palmeriand four primer sets forA. tuberculatuswere each able to distinguish between male and female plants with at least 95% accuracy. In the near term, sex-specific markers will be useful to theA. tuberculatusandA. palmeriresearch communities (e.g., to predict sex for crossing experiments). In the long-term, this research will provide the foundational tools for detailed investigations into the molecular biology and evolution of dioecy in weedyAmaranthusspecies.
New Insights Into Processes Controlling the δ30Si of Sinking Diatoms: A Seasonally Resolved Box Model Approach
Authors: Closset Ivia , Cardinal Damien , Trull Thomas W. , Fripiat François 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the Southern Ocean, the silicon (Si) biogeochemical cycle is dominated by processes such as the supply of Si into the surface waters, Si uptake into diatom frustules, and their subsequent dissolution and export. Due to the incomplete assimilation of the silicic acid pool (DSi) and isotopic fractionation during silicification, the Si isotopic composition (δ30Si) of biogenic silica (BSi) is closely linked to the degree of Si utilization in the mixed layer (ML). In this study, we combined modelling approaches and seasonal sediment trap records of δ30Si of exported BSi to investigate the magnitude, timing, and isotopic composition of the flux of siliceous particles transferred from the surface to the deep ocean. We implemented a box model to describe the temporal evolution of DSi and BSi concentrations and δ30Si in the ML and at depth. The model allows us to quantify fluxes of Si in and out of the ML associated with export, dissolution, and mixing. It highlights that the time‐integrated δ30Si of exported BSi measured in the sediments reflects the extent of DSi consumption at the time when net BSi production and diatom accumulation are maximal in the ML and confirms that the δ30Si of diatoms is a reliable proxy for past Si utilization.
Tree Ring Reconstructions of Stemwood Biomass Indicate Increases in the Growth Rate of Black Spruce Trees Across Boreal Forests of Canada
Authors: Hember Robbie A. , Kurz Werner A. , Girardin Martin P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe claim that changes in atmospheric composition and climate have enhanced the growth rate of trees is prevalent in science, yet it is not supported by many recent tree ring studies. In this study, we analyzed historical time trends in stemwood biomass growth derived from black spruce (Picea mariana(Mill.) BSP) trees at 248 plots across Canada. The sample consisted of trees that were live and dominant at the time of sampling (LDS). Observations of stemwood biomass of LDS trees at a reference age of 75 years (Bsw75,LDS) increased by 154 to 321% over 1901–2001 depending on the method of trend estimation. Simulations from a calibrated individual‐based Growth and Yield model—forced with varying degrees of hypothetical trend in tree growth—were used to estimate the proportion of trend that could be attributed to intrinsic factors, including artefacts introduced by sampling from LDS trees instead of from the population of trees. Imposing no time trend in simulated tree growth, stemwood biomass of 75‐year‐old LDS trees (Bsw75,LDS,Model) increased by 63% (41 to 85% CI). We conclude that the remaining variation in growth of LDS trees (154 to 321% minus 63% = 91 to 258%) can be attributed to net extrinsic forcing. The scaling relationship between LDS and population trees further suggested that stemwood biomass growth of the population (Gsw75,POP) increased by 47 to 82%. By accounting for both natural dynamics and artefacts of the sampling design in estimation of net intrinsic forcing, we gained confidence that growth rate of black spruce trees across Canada increased significantly over 1901–2001. While growth enhancement is consistent with beneficial effects of increasing levels of reactive nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and warming, there remains uncertainty in the degree that applied procedures fully account for known sampling artefacts.
Wave Normal Angle Distribution of Fast Magnetosonic Waves: A Survey of Van Allen Probes EMFISIS Observations
Authors: Zou Zhengyang , Zuo Pingbing , Ni Binbin , Wei Fengsi , Zhao Zhengyu , Cao Xing , Fu Song , Gu Xudong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUsing Van Allen Probe Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) wave observations from September 2012 to May 2018, we statistically investigate the distributions of power‐weighted wave normal angle (WNA) of fast magnetosonic (MS) waves from L = 2–6 within ±15° geomagnetic latitudes. The spatial distributions show that the MS WNAs are mainly confined within 87–89° near the geomagnetic equator and decrease with increasing magnetic latitude. Further quantitative investigation demonstrates that the WNAs normally distribute as a mixture of two Gaussian distributions ranging from 85° to 88°, and the tangent of it can decrease as a Kappa distribution function when the waves propagate to higher latitudes. Our study completes the survey of spatial distributions of MS WNAs and provides quantitative dependence of the WNA distribution on the magnetic latitude in the inner magnetosphere, which can be readily useful in future global simulations of radiation belt particle dynamics.