bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Pyloshot in combination with standard four‐drug antimicrobial treatment for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Azad Hossein , Hormati Ahmad , Sarkeshikian Seyed S , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl , Razavinia Fatemehsadat , Eshaghi Far Mohammad , Pezeshgi Modarres Mehdi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe treatment for Helicobacter pylori is considered to be a combination of several strict regimens, with patients' dissatisfaction and poor compliance. Probiotics are effective in patients' antibiotic regimens. This study investigated the efficacy of the Pyloshot probiotic in combination with standard four‐drug therapy in patients with H. pylori infection.MethodsThis is an interventional study. The study population consisted of patients with H. pylori infection who were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups: (i) A or standard four‐drug therapy (amoxicillin‐clarithromycin‐bismuth‐pantoprazole) plus two placebo capsules (80 cases). (ii) B or Pyloshot group (standard four‐drug therapy plus 2 Pyloshot probiotic capsules) (90 cases). Patients were followed up for 1 month after treatment completion. Eradication of H. pylori was also assessed using the stool antigen test. Data were analyzed using SPSS (v.26) statistical software.ResultsBased on the results from the present study, the number of negative stool antigen tests in group A was less than that in group B, and no statistically significant relationship was found between H. pylori eradication (based on stool antigen test) and the studied groups (P = 0.20). There was a statistically significant relationship between vomiting (P = 0.03), diarrhea (P = 0.04), constipation (P = 0.01), and headache (P = 0.04); vomiting and constipation were most frequent in the control group.ConclusionBased on the results of the present study, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of treatment with Pyloshot probiotic and the standard four‐drug therapy in patients with H. pylori infection. However, the incidence of side effects was lower in the group treated with Pyloshot.
Quantifying non‐clinical outcomes of ultra‐hypofractionated breast radiotherapy in Western NSW—A narrative review
Authors: Yeo Faith , Beldham‐Collins Rachael , Roth Paul , Hammond Rodney 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUltra‐Hypofractionated Whole Breast Radiotherapy (U‐WBRT) has been proven to be a viable treatment option for breast cancer patients receiving radiation therapy, however, due to its novelty our understanding of its non‐clinical benefits is still evolving. With increasing U‐WBRT selection during COVID and in rural and regional settings such as the Western New South Wales Local Health District (WNSWLHD), it's important to quantify the savings when compared to other fractionation schedules (e.g. Conventional fractionation (C‐WBRT) involving 25 fractions and Moderate hypofractionation (M‐WBRT) with 15 fractions.) Using literature sourced from Medline, Embase, Pubmed and reports from relevant websites and organisations this narrative review investigates quantifiable methods of assessing non‐clinical benefits of U‐WBRT in rural settings according to the triple bottom line philosophy. This review was able to identify a standard set of quantifiable metrics that can compare the non‐clinical benefits of various fractionation schedules, with relevance to a rural setting. These include: fractionation trends, financial subsidy, average linear accelerator (Linac) minutes, hospital visits, travel time and distance, Linac energy consumption, travel and Linac carbon emissions. By identifying these metrics, non‐clinical benefits between the fractionation schedules can easily be quantified and compared.
Development and Validation of a New Model Including Inflammation Indexes for the Long‐Term Prognosis of Hepatitis B‐Related Acute‐On‐Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Zhang Yeqiong , Luo Qiumin , Lin Xiumei , Wang Lu , Li Zhipeng , Chen Jia , Xu Ruixuan , Wu Lina , Peng Liang , Xu Wenxiong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe condition characterized by a systemic inflammatory response and associated with high mortality. Currently, there is no reliable prediction model for long‐term prognosis in ACLF. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model incorporating inflammation indexes to predict the long‐term outcome of patients with hepatitis B virus‐related ACLF (HBV‐ACLF). A retrospective analysis of clinical data from HBV‐ACLF patients (n = 986) treated at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University between January 2014 and December 2018 was conducted. Patients were randomly divided into training (n = 690) and validation (n = 296) cohorts. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for long‐term mortality. The following variables were identified as independent predictors of long‐term mortality: age, cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy, total bilirubin (TBIL), international normalized ratio (INR), monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and neutrophil‐to‐platelet ratio (NPR). A novel nomogram was established by assigning weights to each variable. The C‐index of the nomogram was 0.777 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.752–0.802). In the training set, the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting mortality at 1, 3, and 12 months was 0.841 (95% CI: 0.807–0.875), 0.827 (95% CI: 0.796–0.859), and 0.829 (95% CI: 0.798–0.859), respectively. The nomogram demonstrated superior predictive performance for 12‐month survival compared to the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score (0.767, 95% CI: 0.730–0.804, p < 0.001) and the clinical overt sepsis in acute liver failure clinical practice Guidelines‐ACLF II score (0.807, 95% CI: 0.774–0.840, p = 0.028). Finally, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram. The novel inflammation‐based scoring system, incorporating MLR and NPR, effectively predicts long‐term mortality in HBV‐ACLF patients.
Transmission of an Epstein−Barr Strain Common in South‐East China to a Western Individual
Authors: Poirey Remy , Delecluse Henri‐Jacques , Delecluse Susanne 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEpstein−Barr virus strains present in South‐East Asia are tightly associated with nasopharyngeal carcinomas. We report the case of a Caucasian female who presented with an infectious mononucleosis syndrome. Sequencing demonstrated that she had been infected with a virus of Chinese origin that is thus spreading into European countries.
Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Colorectal Cancer in Young Populations
Authors: Grunhut Joel , Newland John J. , Brown Rebecca Frances 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA considerable amount of recent research has focused on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in colorectal cancer (CRC), aiming to improve outcomes in CRC. However, AI for young onset colorectal cancer (yoCRC)—defined as colorectal cancer in patients less than 50 years old—is not nearly as explored, and its role in the prevention, detection, and management of yoCRC remains largely unknown. To address this gap, we performed an integrative review on AI in yoCRC. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Medline (Ovid), and Embase for articles published from 2020 to 2024, adhering to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. This integrative review involved gathering information from diverse research designs and literature sources. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion criteria, a total of 11 articles were included in the review. Our analysis identified one review discussing the importance of AI in yoCRC, three articles presenting research studies mentioning applications for yoCRC, and seven comprehensive investigations utilizing AI with a specific focus on yoCRC. The findings indicate that while AI in CRC is an evolving research field, there are few plans or implementations reported on how to incorporate AI specifically in yoCRC. Potential limitations of this review include the limited number of databases searched and the scope of search queries used. Nonetheless, this review highlights the need for more targeted research on AI applications in yoCRC. Future research can build upon the foundation of AI in CRC with adjustments to account for the increasing incidence of yoCRC.
Disease and migratory tactic mediate the nutritional benefits of irrigated agriculture to mule deer
Authors: Wagler Brittany L. , Stewart Cheyenne , Turnbull Zach , Malmberg Jennifer L. , Monteith Kevin L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAgriculture can alter the nutritional landscape for herbivores in ways that can augment nutritional condition, reproduction, and survival. Ecological benefits associated with human modified landscapes, however, potentially alter environmental cues in ways that appear beneficial but ultimately have negative effects on fitness or population growth. We tested the hypothesis that the expected nutritional benefit of agriculture would come with a tradeoff associated with increased transmission of chronic wasting disease using a partially migratory population of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in northern Wyoming, USA. Agriculture provided a substantial nutritional buffer to resident deer by augmenting nutritional condition in autumn and enhancing recruitment of offspring—a resident that spent 35% of its summer in agriculture had 1.2 percentage points more body fat in December and was 18 percentage points more likely to recruit offspring to December than a resident that spent 15% of its summer in agriculture. During winter, migrants and residents selected for home ranges closer to agriculture, but only residents selected for home ranges overlapping directly with agriculture. Proximity to agriculture in winter, however, decreased adult survival for migrants and residents (29 percentage points decreased probability of survival for every 1‐km closer to agriculture) and increased the probability of having CWD at time of death. The nutritional benefits of agriculture likely increase the viability of a resident tactic, but the benefits may be offset if the nutrition gained from using agriculture does not outweigh the risks associated with disease.
Rate Coefficients for the Cl Atom Gas‐Phase Reaction With Permethylsiloxanes (PMS): L2, L3, L4, L5, D3, D4, D5, and D6
Authors: Van Hoomissen Daniel , Chattopadhyay Aparajeo , Burkholder James B. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRate coefficients, k(T), for the gas‐phase Cl atom reaction with hexamethyldisiloxane ((CH3)3SiOSi(CH3)3, L2), k1; octamethyltrisiloxane ([(CH3)3SiO]2Si(CH3)2, L3), k2; decamethyltetrasiloxane ((CH3)3SiO[Si(CH3)2O]2Si(CH3)3, L4, k3; dodecamethylpentasiloxane ((CH3)3SiO[Si(CH3)2O]3Si(CH3)3, L5, k4; hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane ([‐Si(CH3)2O‐]3, D3), k5; octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane ([‐Si(CH3)2O‐]4, D4), k6; decamethylcyclopentasiloxane ([‐Si(CH3)2O‐]5, D5, k7), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane ([‐Si(CH3)2O‐]6, D6, k8) were measured over a range of temperature (273–363 K) using a pulsed laser photolysis (PLP) – resonance fluorescence (RF) technique. The obtained k(296 K) and Arrhenius expressions with 2σ uncertainties including estimated systematic errors are (in units of 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1):

L2: k1(296 K) = (1.58 ± 0.07)
k1(273–363 K) = (1.36 ± 0.10) exp((43 ± 249)/T)

L3: k2(296 K) = (1.93 ± 0.09)
k2(273–353 K) = (1.95 ± 0.18) exp((1 ± 632)/T)

L4: k3(296 K) = (2.36 ± 0.12)
k3(273–353 K) = (2.09 ± 0.16) exp((43± 522)/T)

L5: k4(296 K) = (2.84 ± 0.19)
k4(296–353 K) = (2.70 ± 0.18) exp((15 ± 490)/T)

D3: k5(296 K) = (0.588 ± 0.028)
k5(273–353 K) = (0.47 ± 0.03) exp((78 ± 470)/T)

D4: k6(296 K) = (1.13 ± 0.06)
k6(273–353 K) = (1.14 ± 0.07) exp((4 ± 432)/T)

D5: k7(296 K) = (1.72 ± 0.09)
k7(273–353 K) = (1.60 ± 0.10) exp((22 ± 432)/T)

D6: k8(296 K) = (2.16 ± 0.14)
k8(296–353 K) = (1.73 ± 0.14) exp((71 ± 562)/T)

The cyclic permethyl siloxanes (cyclic PMS) were found to be less reactive than the analogous linear permethyl siloxane (linear PMS) with an equal number of CH3‐ groups. Both linear and cyclic compounds show a linear relationship between the measured rate coefficient and the number of CH3‐ groups in the molecule. A structure–activity relationship (SAR) is presented that reproduces the experimental data to within ∼10% at all temperatures. For [Cl] ≈ 104 atom cm−3, an approximate free troposphere abundance, the PMS loss due to Cl atom reaction leads to relatively short estimated lifetimes of 7, 6, 5, 4, 20, 10, 7, and 5 days for L2, L3, L4, L5, D3, D4, D5, and D6, respectively. Therefore, the PMSs included in this study are classified as atmospherically very short‐lived substances and Cl atom reaction represents a significant loss process.
Inter‐rater and Intra‐rater Reliability of Glottal Image Capture: A Mobile Application to Quantify Vocal Fold Bowing
Authors: Aboueisha Mohamed , Jaleel Zaroug , Baertsch Hans C. , Sauder Cara , Merati Albert L. , Johns Michael M. , Bhatt Neel K. 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAge‐related vocal atrophy (ARVA) causes vocal fold bowing, impacting communication and quality of life. The assessment of vocal fold bowing is largely subjective. Glottal Image Capture (GlottIC) is a new mobile application that helps quantify vocal fold bowing. We aim through this study to assess its reliability, compare it to manual calculation method, and compare differences between visual‐perceptual bowing severity ratings.MethodsTen raters independently quantified Bowing Index (BI) using GlottIC from 10 videostroboscopic images among individuals with ARVA. There was 100% duplication of images to facilitate intra‐rater reliability analyses using Pearson's correlation. Inter‐rater reliability was quantified using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for experienced and novice raters. The correlation between manual calculations using ImageJ and GlottIC was analyzed.ResultsThe intra‐rater reliability for total BI was strong (r = 0.822, p < 0.001). The inter‐rater reliability for BI, calculated using ICC, was (ICC = 0.720; 95% CI: 0.579–0.852), indicating good consistency among the raters. Experts had higher ICC (ICC = 0.808; 95% CI: 0.678–0.906) compared to novice raters (ICC = 0.651; 95% CI: 0.468–0.816). There was a positive correlation between GlottIC and manual BI (r = 0.811, p < 0.001). As the BI increased, the bowing severity, based on visual‐perceptual ratings, also increased (p < 0.001).ConclusionGlottIC is a reliable mobile application that can quantify vocal fold bowing in patients with ARVA with high intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability. GlottIC BI measurments are highly correlated with manual BI and visual‐perceptual ratings of bowing severity. Further improvements in reliability may be achieved with more robust rater training and automated technologies.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Deterministic Parity‐Time Symmetry Single‐Mode Oscillation in Filterless Multimode Resonators
Authors: Yang Huashan , Liu Shifeng , Liu Mingzhen , Liu Peng , Zhang Hao , He Jijun , Pan Shilong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractParity‐time symmetry has great potential for mode selection in multimode resonators. However, in a PT‐symmetry system with saturable absorption mechanisms, the random background noise can initiate single‐mode oscillation at any of the maxima within the gain spectrum, that is, potential PT frequencies. Such randomness impedes the acquisition of high‐quality signals at desired frequencies. Here, this work proposes a method to obtain deterministic PT‐symmetry single‐mode oscillation in a filterless multimode resonator through one‐shot injection. With this technique, this work changes the system's gain spectrum and enhances the gain discrepancy. Utilizing the frequency domain saturable absorption of the resonator, oscillation at desired mode can maintain its frequency after the withdrawal of the injection signal. To validate the concept, this work establishes a polarization‐division multiplexed dual‐loop optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with a 1‐km long cavity operated under PT‐symmetry conditions. By one‐shot injecting the PT‐OEO, this work effectively eliminates the randomness arising from the relatively flat gain spectrum, facilitating oscillation at any desired potential PT frequencies from 1.8 to 9 GHz without requiring elaborate frequency tuning structures. Moreover, the one‐shot injection technique produces ultra‐low phase noise performance, achieving a remarkable −158.6 dBc Hz−1@10 kHz. This performance level stands in close comparison with the best phase noise values recorded for OEOs.
Advances and Challenges of Single‐Pixel Imaging Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Song Kai , Bian Yaoxing , Wang Dong , Li Runrui , Wu Ku , Liu Hongrui , Qin Chengbing , Hu Jianyong , Xiao Liantuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSingle‐pixel imaging technology can capture images at wavelengths outside the reach of conventional focal plane array detectors. However, the limited image quality and lengthy computational times for iterative reconstruction still hinder its practical application. Recently, single‐pixel imaging based on deep learning has attracted a lot of attention due to its exceptional reconstruction quality and fast reconstruction speed. In this review, an overview of the current status, and the latest advancements of deep learning technologies in the field of single‐pixel imaging are provided. Initially, the fundamental principles of single‐pixel imaging and deep learning, followed by a discussion of their integration and associated benefits are presented. Subsequently, a comprehensive review is conducted on the advancements of deep learning in various domains of single‐pixel imaging, covering super‐resolution single‐pixel imaging, single‐pixel imaging through scattering media, photon‐level single‐pixel imaging, optical encryption based on single‐pixel imaging, color single‐pixel imaging, and image‐free sensing. Finally, open challenges and potential solutions are discussed.
Lattice‐Matched BaClF/CsPbBr3 Heterostructure with Enhanced and Stable Cyan Emission to Overcome Blue Overshoot and Cyan Gap of White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Han Le , Liu Peng , Li Bohan , Zhang Yuchi , Liu Zhuo , Liu Xia , Xu Yan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCombining blue‐emitting LED chip and yellow‐emitting phosphor coating is efficient in manufacturing white light‐emitting diode (WLED). However, the lack of a uniformly distributed continuous emission spectrum in conventional WLED can result in “blue overshoot” and “cyan gap”, thus cause retinal damage and low color rendering index (CRI). Herein, a novel “kill two birds with one stone” strategy is reported: by preparing BaClF/CsPbBr3 heterostructures via a lattice‐ matching approach, F and Cl in BaClF matrix passivate the bromine vacancies of CsPbBr3 NCs, enhancing luminescence stability and achieving a blue‐shift of PL to obtain cyan‐emission. BaClF/CsPbBr3 heterostructures with controllable emissions in 468–510 nm can be fabricated by adjusting the molar ratios of CsPbBr3 to BaClF, and the photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) is up to 80.6%. The cyan‐emitting BaClF/CsPbBr3 heterostructure acting as a cyan color converter can effectively absorb the “blue overshoot” and fill the “cyan gap” in WLED, thus significantly increasing the CRI value of WLED from 70.1 to 86.2 and the luminescent efficiency boosts from 21.3 to 87.8 lmW−1. This work highlights a lattice‐matching strategy to produce ultra‐stable cyan‐emitting perovskite nanomaterials with high brightness and durability, paving the way for the application of perovskite NCs in next‐generation WLED lighting.
Spatiotemporal Retention of Structural Color and Induced Stiffening in Crosslinked Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Beads
Authors: Phoungtawee Piangtawan , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Pettersson Torbjörn , Crespy Daniel , Svagan Anna J. , Shanker Ravi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is known for its ability to form cholesteric liquid crystalline phases displaying vivid structural colors. However, these vibrant colors tend to fade over time when the material dries. This issue is a major bottleneck to finding practical applications for these materials. Here this problem is overcome by producing free‐standing, millimeter‐sized HPC structurally colored beads with spatiotemporal color retention, facilitated by a glutaraldehyde crosslinker. By leveraging the well‐known chemically induced stabilization of cholesteric liquid crystalline phases, stable structural colors are achieved for at least three weeks. The presence of glutaraldehyde significantly increases the mechanical stiffness, with Young's modulus rising from 0.3± 0.1 GPa to 1.8± 0.2 GPa. This integrated approach of creating free‐standing photonic HPC beads offers a strategy for developing robust and durable photonic HPC materials with enhanced stability, advancing photonic material applications with spatiotemporal color stability.
Thermal Conductivity in Side‐Chain Liquid‐Crystal Epoxy Polymers: Influence of Mesogen Structure
Authors: Trinh Thi En , Ku Kyosun , Yeo Hyeonuk 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSide‐chain liquid‐crystal epoxy polymers (SCLCEPs) are valued for their unique properties, which combine LC side chains with epoxide‐based polyether main chains for ordered molecular arrangements. They have high thermal conductivity and optical properties due to their low polydispersity and high crystallinity. Achieving optimal thermal conductivity in SCLCEPs involves addressing factors such as mesogen nature, polymer design, and alignment within the polymer structure. Balancing these factors enhances their suitability for heat dissipation in advanced materials. In this study, SCLCEPs with a polyethylene glycol backbone and laterally arranged mesogens are synthesized via anionic ring opening of mesogenic epoxides with unique LC phases. These monomers, which feature biphenyl mesogens attached to glycidyloxy ether and different alkyl chain lengths on the other side, is designed to facilitate mesogen self‐assembly and interaction. The resulting polymers exhibited higher crystallinity and LC phases than the monomers. Notably, because of their LC nature, their thermal conductivity exceeds 0.48 W·m−1 K−1 and increases with shortened alkyl chain lengths, reaching 0.57 W·m−1 K−1. This research expands the applications of SCLCEPs in advanced fields requiring enhanced thermal properties.
Expandable Microspheres Transform 2D Electrospun Mats Into 3D Composite Scaffolds
Authors: Tran Huy Quang , Xie Jingwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrospun nanofibers have proven versatile across numerous fields, including environmental, energy, and biomedical applications. Typically, however, electrospun nanofiber materials are fabricated as two‐dimensional sheets, membranes, or mats. In this study, a straightforward and adaptable foaming method is presented to create three‐dimensional microsphere‐nanofiber composite structures. This approach involves incorporating expandable microspheres within the nanofiber mats during electrospinning, followed by thermal treatment to achieve the 3D morphology. The expansion ratio and compressive strength increase with higher concentrations of expandable microspheres. In addition, the compressive strength of the 3D composite structures significantly surpasses that of 3D nanofiber scaffolds expanded with subcritical CO2 fluids. This approach presents a promising pathway for fabricating 3D microsphere‐nanofiber composite scaffolds with broad potential applications.