bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Risk Management to Urban Resilience: Urban Development in the Context of the Twenty-First-Century Disaster Risk Reduction Framework
Authors: Karydi Konstantina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResilience building has appeared before us intensively over the last decade as a policy agenda for local governments of all sizes. The starting point is the recognition that while cities grow exponentially, they are facing threats which are more acute and regular owing to changing climatic conditions, urbanization, and interdependency. The past 15 years have witnessed a steep growth in the adoption of the concept of urban resilience as a key urban development approach, particularly by subnational authorities whether city or regional governments and states. Risk reduction through a development lens is increasingly approached as a game-changing development paradigm, whereas the alternative is unsustainable costs in financial and material resources and, more importantly, increasing threat of loss. Nevertheless (as it is more often than not the case with policy) there is no single definition for resilience, while the term itself certainly does not only belong to the field of urban planning; rather resilience is an old term commonly used to describe human behavior in psychology and ecosystem dynamics in environmental and social studies. The chapter offers a comprehensive review of the development of the urban resilience agenda as a global sustainable development goal and a means to transform administrations, as a change management mechanism to address complex twenty-first risks and crisis all the while adjusting to the massive transformation the climate-related goals demand. This chapter frames in a comparative global context the evolution of urban resilience, both as a means to change management in local administration and as a central policy goal to address the unprecedented twenty-first-century shocks and stresses. Furthermore, the chapter discusses urban resilience in the context of the city of Tampere and the SURE program under the Urban Innovative Actions initiative—the case featured in this book.
CMIP6 Ocean and Atmospheric Climate Change Projections in the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve—Caribbean Sea—by the End of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Usta David Francisco Bustos , Parra Rafael Ricardo Torres 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSeventeen climate models from CMIP6 were examined to assess the expected behavior of seven atmospheric/ocean variables in the Caribbean Basin and the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve (SBR) during the twenty-first century, under two socioeconomic scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Additionally, an ensemble is made with the five models with the best oceanic resolution in the Caribbean Sea. Precipitation shows significant negative trends in most of the projected periods, while air and sea surface temperature, surface salinity and mean sterodynamic sea level (SDSL) have significant positive trends. Air temperature in SBR will probably increase by 2 °C compared to the preindustrial period after 2050 (SSP5-8.5) or 2060 (SSP2-4.5). The warming trend in the region could extend the hurricane season and/or increase hurricane frequency, affect ecosystems like coral reefs and mangroves, and intensify ocean stratification. For the same period, SDSL is expected to rise in SBR between ~24.2 and 39.9 cm. If all contributing factors are included, an increase of up to ~95 cm (SSP5-8.5) could be expected by the end of the twenty-first century. This sea level rise would modify the ecological balance and enhance flooding, affecting tourism and risking the disappearance of the low-elevation islands.
Reconstructing the Eta and Iota Events for San Andrés and Providencia: A Focus on Urban and Coastal Flooding
Authors: Osorio Andrés F. , Montoya Rubén , Ayala Franklin F. , Osorio-Cano Juan D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHurricanes Eta and Iota were the most intense events during the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, and their passage caused serious infrastructure affectations and even human losses in the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina due to the extreme winds, storm surge flooding, and rainfall flooding. Numerical modeling and field measurements were used to reconstruct the effects of these events on the archipelago. The simulations were conducted with WAVEWATCHIII, SWAN, XBeach, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), and a parametric model for hurricane winds. A differentiated contribution of each hazard on physical infrastructure, coastal ecosystems, and population is represented through: winds up to 50 m/s, significant wave heights (Hs) between 1 and 6 m in intermediate waters (around 10 m deep) associated with flood levels in the order of 2 m on the coast, and flood distances varying between 12 and 904 m. A spatial distribution of Hs and the contribution of wave run-up and storm surge in some areas of the archipelago showed the importance of mangrove and coral reef ecosystems to mitigate the intensity of Eta and Iota on the coast. This study encourages science-based decision-making and provides information for policymakers to consolidate risk assessments in vulnerable zones like the archipelago.
The Biosphere Reserve Concept, Seaflower, and Climate Change
Authors: Márquez Germán 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBased on UNESCO’s biosphere reserve concept and on the paper originally proposing an archipelago biosphere reserve, this chapter supports going deeper into implementing the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve as a social, economic, and environmental sustainability model. To this, it proposes some actions, from reconsidering its regulatory status to its integration with national development plans, including payment schemes for ecosystem services (PES), as Seaflower ecosystems provide society with many goods and services, estimated to be huge, but not reflected in their management and financing. Seaflower’s meaning has not been properly understood and is not taking advantage of this status. The current situation is worrying and unsustainable; it threatens the natural, historical, social, and cultural heritage of the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina, stressed by a questionable mass tourism development model and worsened, mainly in Providencia, by hurricanes Eta and Iota and because of climate change whose impact, mainly in coral reefs, could be extreme. Some of the ideas developed in this chapter were proposed by the author with the name Seaflower Initiative; now, could be integrated with Gran Seaflower Initiative, a recent proposal for the creation of a transboundary biosphere reserve in the western Caribbean.
Climate Change Effects on Seaflower Biosphere Reserve Fishery Resources
Authors: Velásquez-Calderón Carolina Sofia , Santos-Martínez Adriana , Rojas-Archbold Anthony , Prato Julián 
Published: November 2024

AbstractClimate Change (CC) is a global phenomenon with differentiated impacts. Its effects are felt in marine and terrestrial ecosystems and organisms, and in the most vulnerable economies and societies. CC is altering the ocean’s chemistry, initiating cascading socioenvironmental impacts. The fisheries sector is the most affected. In the Western Caribbean’s Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina, identified as having the highest climatic risk, these impacts are pronounced. This study comprehensively reviews existing knowledge on climate change effects on fishery resources and incorporates fishers’ perceptions through two rounds of surveys in 2019 and 2022. The findings reveal significant consequences for fishery resources, including alterations in biological properties and species distribution, loss of critical coastal fish breeding habitats, reduced fisheries productivity, and increased local and cross-border conflicts over fish resources. Especially, after the destructive impact of Hurricane Iota (2020), fishers shifted their hazard perception, elevating hurricanes as a significant threat alongside drought. These evolving perceptions emphasize the need for comprehensive policy strategies to address multiple hazards and their interactions, aligning with fishers’ priorities and enhancing the resilience of the fishing sector. This research underscores the urgency of ecosystem-based and co-management policies, alternatives for artisanal fishers, and heightened climate risk perception.
The commensurate state and lock-in in a holographic model
Authors: Ling Yi , Liu Peng , Wu Meng-He 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study a holographic model in which the striped structure of charge density is spontaneously formed over an ionic lattice which breaks the translational symmetry explicitly. The effect of commensurate lock-in between the spontaneous stripes and the ionic lattice is observed when the lattice amplitude is large enough. We investigate the optical conductivity as a function of frequency in commensurate state and compare its characteristics during the phase transition from metallic phase to insulating phase. Notably, we find that the DC resistivity in lock-in state increases algebraically with lowering temperature, which is in line with the phenomenon observed in the holographic model for simulating the experimental behavior of Mott insulator in [1]. In addition, at lower temperature the pinning effect is observed for both unlock-in and lock-in states. This holographic model successfully demonstrates the commensurate lock-in signatures, and provides more information for understanding the interplay between ionic lattices and electronic lattices by holography.
Bony prominence and variations of the transverse sinus groove: novel anatomical findings in relation to sinus pathologies
Authors: Cardona Juan J. , Iwanaga Joe , Chaiyamoon Arada , Wang Arthur , Nickele Christopher M. , Amans Matthew R. , Heiferman Daniel M. , Johnson Kendrick D. , Loukas Marios , Dumont Aaron S. , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe transverse sinus (TS) is often involved with pathology for structural reasons. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the anatomy along the groove of the TS and sigmoid sinus (SS), to discuss the relationship between the bony features and pathologies affecting the TS. Seventy dry skulls (140 sides) were used for detailed observation of the TS and SS grooves using gross investigation coupled with transillumination. Bony features such as the mastoid foramen (MF), occipital foramen (OF), granular foveolae (GF), and absence of the TS groove were evaluated, and a classification based on numbers of findings was proposed. The most common internal groove finding was MF (79.3%), followed by absent TS groove (32.9%), and OF (14.3%). MF was statistically more frequent on the left side (91.4%) than the right (67.1%) (p = 0.036); OF was statistically more frequent on the right side (24.3%) than the left (4.3%) (p = 0.008). Absent TS groove was more prevalent on the left side (54.3%) than the right (11.4%) (p = 0.000). A bony prominence (BP) was identified in 15.7% (11 skulls) and there were significant differences from the controls. The type III class (three internal groove findings) was the most prevalent, followed by type II (two findings). The complex and integral role of the bony features described here, and their particularities in normal patients or in those with DVS pathologies, is not well understood.
On the Detection of Population Heterogeneity in Causation Between Two Variables: Finite Mixture Modeling of Data Collected from Twin Pairs
Authors: Vinh Philip B. , Verhulst Brad , Maes Hermine H. M. , Dolan Conor V. , Neale Michael C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Causal inference is inherently complex and relies on key assumptions that can be difficult to validate. One strong assumption is population homogeneity, which assumes that the causal direction remains consistent across individuals. However, there may be variation in causal directions across subpopulations, leading to potential heterogeneity. In psychiatry, for example, the co-occurrence of disorders such as depression and substance use disorder can arise from multiple sources, including shared genetic or environmental factors (common causes) or direct causal pathways between the disorders. A patient diagnosed with two disorders might have one recognized as primary and the other as secondary, suggesting the existence of different types of comorbidity. For example, in some individuals, depression might lead to substance use, while in others, substance use could lead to depression. We account for potential heterogeneity in causal direction by integrating the Direction of Causation (DoC) model for twin data with finite mixture modeling, which allows for the calculation of individual-level likelihoods for alternate causal directions. Through simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of using the Direction of Causation Twin Mixture (mixDoC) model to detect and model heterogeneity due to varying causal directions.
Global and Local Imperialism in Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Stradis Athamos 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStatistical mechanics applied on a universal scale (the Mentaculus) attaches probabilities to all possible events in the universe, far outstripping its local thermodynamic evidence base. This ‘imperialistic’ tendency is often criticised as requiring untenable dynamical choreography in phase space. However, I will argue that imperialistic issues arise even in local statistical mechanics; if we tolerate them here, we should tolerate them in the Mentaculus. In an attempt to sidestep these issues, some have suggested swapping the Statistical Postulate for a set of initial distributions claimed to yield the same thermodynamic predictions but indeterminacy elsewhere. I show that the result is still largely imperialistic, but for this very reason might be preferable to the standard Mentaculus as providing the same goods from weaker assumptions.
The phenomenology of aging
Authors: Klausen Søren Harnow 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhat does it mean to become older? This question cannot be answered by biology or sociology alone but must be addressed by studying how aging appears to aging persons and to others who encounter them. The paper presents the outline of such a phenomenological analysis of aging. In contrast to a problematic tendency to reduce phenomenology to the study of first-person experience, it is suggested that aging should be understood as a complex process comprising of both subjective and objective (mental, social and biological) elements, and as partly transcendent to experience, that is, not completely transparent to the aging person. In this it resembles physical and other “transcendent” objects as described by early phenomenologists like Husserl. It is further shown how Marcel Proust’s elaborate description of aging in the last volume of his Remembrance of Time Past can support and contribute to such an analysis, and how it is supported or at least compatible with findings from contemporary gerontology and cognitive psychology.
Construction of biphenylene dimers and surface-bound layers to explore donor-acceptor interactions
Authors: Molnár Kristóf P. , Dobszay Rita , Szabó Pál T. , Holzbauer Tamás , Kunfi Attila , London Gábor 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMolecular complexes based on donor-acceptor interactions that involve π-systems with antiaromatic character are rarely studied. Herein, we report the synthesis of biphenylene derivatives as potential electron donor components in π-complexes. Molecules with two connected biphenylene units are suitable to probe the formation of differently folded complexes in solution, while biphenylene derivatives with a pendant triethoxysilane group can be used to functionalize solid surfaces and probe interfacial donor-acceptor complex formation. Our results show clear indication of complex formation in solution; however, no observable interaction was found on the surface using UV-vis spectroscopy.
Robotic upcycling and recycling: unraveling the era of sustainable in-space manufacturing
Authors: Rai Mini C. , Nair Manu H. , Schaefer Dirk , Detry Renaud , Poozhiyil Mithun , Rybicka Justyna , Dulanty Shan , Gotz Josie , Roa Maximo A. , Lampariello Roberto , Govindaraj Shashank , Gancet Jeremi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAdvancements in material science, manufacturing and sensor technologies, Artificial Intelligence, and the Internet of Things have paved the way for fabricating new parts using additive manufacturing in microgravity conditions. NASA has successfully demonstrated 3D printing onboard the International Space Station (ISS), though at a minor scale. Nevertheless, the parts built onboard the ISS were returned to Earth for further testing and verification. The logistics of bi-directional transportation of raw materials from Earth to ISS and 3D-printed parts from ISS back to Earth is complex, expensive, and slow. Harnessing materials from space to establish in-orbit manufacturing as a sustainable process is both technically and economically challenging. The potential to reuse, repurpose or recycle space debris is not well studied, though there is an increasing momentum in Active Debris Removal (ADR) missions. Unlike the standard research or review paper, this is a visionary paper in which the authors explicitly address the intersection between space debris removal and in-space manufacturing. This paper defines a pathway towards implementing an operational in-orbit manufacturing and debris removal model. For the first time, the authors introduce the application of Cloud-Based Design and Manufacturing (CBDM) for in-space manufacturing in this paper. The paper aims to define a roadmap towards implementing a space operational model for in-orbit manufacturing and debris removal. Future enabling technologies that will leverage the advances in robotics, automation, and Space 5.0-based solutions to create a new environmentally friendly and economically profitable orbital ecosystem are presented. The authors analyze the pros and cons of robotic ADR, upcycling and recycling space debris for on-demand manufacturing in orbit and present a systematic approach to implementing in-orbit manufacturing as a new frontier. Recommendations are made to establish an imminent Earth-independent space logistics and supply chain system for operating an orbital factory or warehouse that will help realize a suite of in-orbit manufacturing, maintenance, and assembly missions.
The homology of moduli spaces of 4-manifolds may be infinitely generated
Authors: Konno Hokuto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For a simply-connected closed manifold X of

$\dim X \neq 4$

, the mapping class group

$\pi _0(\mathrm {Diff}(X))$

is known to be finitely generated. We prove that analogous finite generation fails in dimension 4. Namely, we show that there exist simply-connected closed smooth 4-manifolds whose mapping class groups are not finitely generated. More generally, for each

$k>0$

, we prove that there are simply-connected closed smooth 4-manifolds X for which

$H_k(B\mathrm {Diff}(X);\mathbb {Z})$

are not finitely generated. The infinitely generated subgroup of

$H_k(B\mathrm {Diff}(X);\mathbb {Z})$

which we detect are topologically trivial, and unstable under the connected sum of

$S^2 \times S^2$

. These results are proven by constructing and computing an infinite family of characteristic classes using Seiberg–Witten theory.
Interpersonal violence moderates sustained-transient threat co-activation in the vmPFC and amygdala in a community sample of youth
Authors: Bounoua Nadia , Joseph Jane E. , Adams Zachary W. , Crum Kathleen I. , Sege Christopher T. , McTeague Lisa M. , Hajcak Greg , Halliday Colleen A. , Danielson Carla Kmett 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The increased risk for psychopathology associated with interpersonal violence exposure (IPV, e.g., physical abuse, sexual assault) is partially mediated by neurobiological alterations in threat-related processes. Evidence supports parsing neural circuitry related to transient and sustained threat, as they appear to be separable processes with distinct neurobiological underpinnings. Although childhood is a sensitive period for neurodevelopment, most prior work has been conducted in adult samples. Further, it is unknown how IPV exposure may impact transient-sustained threat neural interactions. The current study tested the moderating role of IPV exposure on sustained vmPFC-transient amygdala co-activation during an fMRI task during which threat and neutral cues were predictably or unpredictably presented. Analyses were conducted in a sample of 212 community-recruited youth (M/SDage = 11.77/2.44 years old; 51.9% male; 56.1% White/Caucasian). IPV-exposed youth evidenced a positive sustained vmPFC-transient amygdala co-activation, while youth with no IPV exposure did not show this association. Consistent with theoretical models, effects were specific to unpredictable, negative trials and to exposure to IPV (i.e., unrelated to non-IPV traumatic experiences). Although preliminary, these findings provide novel insight into how childhood IPV exposure may alter neural circuity involved in specific facets of threat processing.
The effect of low birthweight on physical activity engagement and markers of chronic disease in the Framingham cohort
Authors: Leszczynski Eric C. , Vasold Kerri , Ferguson David P. , Pivarnik James M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While physical activity reduces the risk for chronic disease development, evidence suggests those experiencing early life growth-restriction do not express positive adaptations in response to physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of low birthweight (LBW) on markers of chronic disease, adult physical activity, and the response to physical activity engagement in a longitudinal human cohort study. Data from the Framingham Offspring Cohort were organized to include participants with birthweight, physical activity, and chronic disease biomarker/treatment data available at two timepoints (exam 5 and exam 9, 19-year difference). A two-way ANCOVA was performed to determine the association of LBW and sex on physical activity engagement (63.0% female, 10.4% LBW). A multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the associations of low birthweight and sex on chronic disease development while adjusting for physical activity. LBW was associated with elevated blood glucose and triglycerides (Exam 9). Though not statistically significant (p = 0.08), LBW females potentially spent more time in sedentary activity at exam 5 than LBW males and normal birthweight (NBW) females. LBW males spent significantly more time (p = 0.03) sedentary at exam 9 compared to NBW males and LBW females. There were no differences in the likelihood of chronic disease treatment between groups. Chronic disease biomarkers remained elevated when adjusted for total physical activity. In conclusion, LBW participants in the Framingham Offspring Cohort were not more likely to be treated for chronic diseases when controlling for physical activity engagement, though biomarkers of chronic disease remained elevated.