bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the industrial PhD: Stakeholder insights
Authors: Grimm Katharina 
Published: June 2018

Research and practice have called for a change in engineering education towards a more practice-oriented curricula to provide engineers with the skills they need for creating solutions for future challenges. While most studies address undergraduate programs, only little attention has been paid to graduate and post-graduate education. The Industrial PhD is expected to give PhD students on-the-job training to gain practically relevant and professional tacit knowledge and to enhance their set of soft skills. However, the training of practice-relevant methods and knowledge has so far been covered by alternative programs (e.g. traineeships), exclusively organized, financed and conducted by firms, and did not involve the responsibility of universities. Therefore, for the I.PhD, conflict between involved firms and universities can be expected.In order to analyze the potential of the Industrial PhD as an answer to the question of how to effectively make engineering education more practice-oriented, the present study analyses qualitative data on the experience of both industry and university actors with I.PhD programs. Questions on a) the motives and b) the perceived challenges allow valuable insights in the functionality of the I.PhD in terms of its success in its practical conduction. The study results indicate a divergence in the perception of the general value of I.PhD program among both stakeholder groups. Major challenges can be identified, while existing work on PhD training and university-industry research cooperation (UIRC) allow the deduction of success-supporting factors, which can be believed to enhance the effectiveness of I.PhD programs for all parties.
Reticular Pseudodrusen and Thin Choroid Are Associated With Angioid Streaks
Authors: Kumar Vinod 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To report the association of angioid streaks in patients with Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD), thin choroid, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and short-wave autofluorescence (SWAF).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective cross-sectional study. Records of consecutive patients with angioid streaks due to PXE, who presented with a decrease of vision due to choroidal neovascularization (CNV), were reviewed for best-corrected visual acuity, color fundus photographs, SS-OCT, SWAF, and red-free images with special emphasis on presence or absence of RPD, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and RPE atrophy.

RESULTS:
Sixteen eyes of eight patients with a mean age of 45.5 years ± 9.4 years were enrolled in the study. RPD were seen in 10 of the 16 eyes and were seen commonly along the superotemporal quadrant. Mean subfoveal thickness in study eyes (175.7 μm ± 37.2 μm) was significantly reduced when compared to controls (286.4 μm ± 40.8 μm). The mean SFCT was similar between the eyes with and without CNV. Four eyes had RPE atrophy in the macular area, whereas four eyes had peripapillary RPE atrophy.

CONCLUSIONS:
Angioid streaks in PXE are associated with RPD, thin choroid, and RPE atrophy. These features occur at a younger age as compared to age-related macular degeneration and appear to be interrelated because of single pathophysiological mechanism.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:402–408.]
Risk Factors for Retinal Redetachment After Silicone Oil Removal: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: He Yueqing , Zeng Shaoxue , Zhang Yunni , Zhang Junjun 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
This systematic review and meta-analysis was made to measure risk factors for retinal redetachment (re-RD) after silicone oil removal (SOR) in a quantitative method.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A comprehensive literature review relating to risk factors for re-RD after SOR was conducted before March 2017. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated after data combination.

RESULTS:
Sixteen studies were included, and risk factors with significant differences found between the re-RD and control groups are as follows: aphakic eye (OR = 1.50), high myopia (OR = 2.47), previous failed retinal surgery (OR = 1.71), and ocular trauma (OR = 3.52). Peripheral 360° laser retinopexy (OR = 0.40) and scleral encircling band (OR = 0.58) were found to be protective factors of re-RD after SOR.

CONCLUSION:
Aphakic eye, high myopia, previous failed retinal surgery, ocular trauma, lack of 360° laser, and scleral encircling band were possible risk factors relating to the occurrence of re-RD after SOR.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:416–424.]
Pour des archives orales de l’immigration
Authors: Hamonic Tifenn , Zanoun Louisa 
Published: June 2018

Le projet « Histoire et mémoires de l’immigration : mobilisations et luttes pour l’égalité, 1968-1988 », mené entre 2012 et 2015, a permis le recueil de témoignages filmés d’un corpus de 31 témoins représentatifs de l’histoire du militantisme social, culturel, intellectuel et politique autour de la question de l’immigration en France. Ont été interrogés des actrices et des acteurs qui, par leur parcours, ont joué un rôle dans les mobilisations et les luttes pour l’égalité et ont contribué au changement des représentations des immigré·e·s. Cet article présente les objectifs et la problématique de la campagne ainsi que les moyens et la méthodologie mis en œuvre. Il offre également des premières pistes de recherche pour l’exploitation de ce corpus dans une optique de renouvellement de l’historiographie sur les luttes de l’immigration en France pour la période concernée.
L’histoire de Philippidès d’Hérodote à Lucien. Une incursion dans l’atelier du mythe
Authors: Siron Nicolas 
Published: June 2018

La légende de Philippidès est bien connue aujourd’hui : il aurait été envoyé à Athènes pour annoncer la victoire de Marathon et se serait effondré après avoir délivré son message. Cette version est celle que développe Lucien de Samosate au iie siècle après J.-C. Pourtant au ve siècle avant J.-C., Hérodote parle quant à lui d’un Philippidès hémérodrome allant demander de l’aide aux Spartiates avant la bataille. Entre les deux récits, plusieurs auteurs ont repris le thème du messager, chacun d’entre eux altérant légèrement la leçon précédente selon sa propre stratégie discursive. Le motif apparaît alors comme un mythe, c’est-à-dire une histoire commune à de multiples sources mais toujours adaptée aux codes et aux intérêts particuliers de chacune des sources qui le présentent. L’ensemble des représentations de l’épisode donne l’occasion, du fait de l’épaisseur historique dont nous disposons, de rentrer dans l’atelier d’un mythe en train de s’élaborer.
La Araucana de Alonso de Ercilla, un chant d’histoire globale
Authors: Onetto Pavez Mauricio 
Published: June 2018

L’article suggère que La Araucana d’Alonso de Ercilla est un poème épique qui n’avait pas seulement l’objectif littéraire de faire connaître un conflit local, celui qui opposait les indigènes et les Espagnols qui cherchaient à conquérir le Chili. Nous y trouvons aussi le désir de créer ou d’imprégner d’historicité les nouvelles latitudes découvertes à l’extrême sud de l’Amérique grâce au passage par le détroit de Magellan, – des lieux secrets et des terres inconnues qui se trouvaient aux antipodes du monde –, afin de s’approprier leur passé et de pouvoir les intégrer dans l’Histoire universelle. Dans sa démarche, l’auteur met en évidence sa conception de l’Histoire et sa manière de la comprendre, de même que le caractère global qui doit prévaloir lors de sa réalisation. Pour démontrer ces idées, notre étude est centrée sur les chants dans lesquels apparaît le mage Fitón.
À la frontière de l’Europe et de l’Asie ? Le cas de Nagasaki aux XVIe-XVIIe siècles
Authors: Vu Thanh Hélène 
Published: June 2018

Cet article analyse le cas de la ville de Nagasaki pendant la période du siècle chrétien du Japon (XVIe-XVIIe siècles). La ville est en effet donnée aux missionnaires jésuites par le daimyô (seigneur local) d’Ômura au début des années 1580, ce qui amène la Compagnie de Jésus, arrivée en 1549 au Japon, à administrer la ville. Dès lors, Nagasaki s’affirme comme un cas à part parmi les villes du pays du Soleil levant, porteuse d’une identité urbaine spécifique. Siège de l’évêché, seule ville du Japon où la population est entièrement catholique, Nagasaki est en outre le port où accostent les navires portugais qui effectuent la liaison avec la Chine et Macao. Ceci est un facteur de dynamisation du territoire et d’hybridation culturelle, mais cette situation est également porteuse d’incertitudes et de conflictualité, qui ne font que croître au tournant du xviie siècle.
Durkheim and the Internet
Authors: BLOMMAERT JAN 
Published: June 2018

Sociolinguistic evidence is an undervalued resource for social theory. In this book, Jan Blommaert uses contemporary sociolinguistic insights to develop a new sociological imagination, exploring how we construct and operate in online spaces, and what the implications of this are for offline social practice.
Taking Émile Durkheim’s concept of the ‘social fact’ (social behaviours that we all undertake under the influence of the society we live in) as the point of departure, he first demonstrates how the facts of language and social interaction can be used as conclusive refutations of individualistic theories of society such as 'Rational Choice'. Next, he engages with theorizing the post-Durkheimian social world in which we currently live. This new social world operates 'offline' as well as 'online' and is characterized by 'vernacular globalization', Arjun Appadurai’s term to summarise the ways that larger processes of modernity are locally performed through new electronic media. Blommaert extrapolates from this rich concept to consider how our communication practices might offer a template for thinking about how we operate socially. Above all, he explores the relationship between sociolinguistics and social practice
In Durkheim and the Internet, Blommaert proposes new theories of social norms, social action, identity, social groups, integration, social structure and power, all of them animated by a deep understanding of language and social interaction. In drawing on Durkheim and other classical sociologists including Simmel and Goffman, this book is relevant to students and researchers working in sociolinguistics as well as offering a wealth of new insights to scholars in the fields of digital and online communications, social media, sociology, and digital anthropology
Occurrence and spatial distribution of neutral perfluoroalkyl substances and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in the atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Schuster Jasmin , Jones Kevin C. , Gong Ping 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Due to their properties of bioaccumulation, toxicity, and long-range
atmospheric transport, polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and cyclic
volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) are currently being considered as emerging
persistent organic pollutants (POPs) for regulation. To date, there are
limited data on PFASs and cVMSs in the atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau (TP),
a remote environment which can provide information on global background
conditions. Sorbent-impregnated polyurethane foam (SIP) disc passive air
samplers were therefore deployed for 3 months (May to July 2011 and 2013)
at 16 locations across the TP. Using previously reported methods for
estimating the air volume sampled by SIP discs, the derived atmospheric
concentrations ranged as follows: 18–565 ng m−3 for ΣcVMS
(including D3, D4, D5, and D6); 65–223 pg m−3 for fluorotelomer
alcohols (ΣFTOHs); 1.2–12.8 pg m−3 for fluorinated
sulfonamides (ΣFOSA); and 0.29–1.02 pg m−3 for fluorinated
sulfonamidoethanols (ΣFOSE). The highest ΣcVMS occurred at
Lhasa, the capital city of the TP, indicating the local contribution to the
emerging pollutants. Higher levels of ΣFTOHs were observed at sites
close to the transport channel of the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon,
indicating possible long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT). Elevated
concentrations of shorter-chain volatile PFAS precursors (4 : 2 FTOH and
fluorobutane sulfonamidoethanol) were found in most air samples, reflecting
the shift in production from long- to short-chain PFASs in Asia. Overall,
concentrations of emerging POPs at background sites of the TP were 1–3
orders of magnitude higher than those reported for legacy POPs.
Assessments of the Northern Hemisphere snow cover response to 1.5 and 2.0 °C warming
Authors: Wang Aihui , Xu Lianlian , Kong Xianghui 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The 2015 Paris Agreement set a goal to pursue a global mean temperature below 1.5 °C and well below 2 °C above preindustrial levels. Although it is an important surface hydrology variable, the response of snow under different warming levels has not been well investigated. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the snow cover fraction (SCF) and snow area extent (SAE), as well as the associated land surface air temperature (LSAT) over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) based on the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble project (CESM-LE), the CESM 1.5 and 2 °C projects, and the CMIP5 historical RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 products. The results show that the spatiotemporal variations in those modeled products are grossly consistent with observations. The projected SAE magnitude change in RCP2.6 is comparable to that in 1.5 °C, but lower than that in 2 °C. The snow cover differences between 1.5 and 2 °C are prominent during the second half of the 21st century. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of both SAE and LSAT over the majority of land areas are greater than 1, and for the long-term period, the dependences of SAE on LSAT changes are comparable for different ensemble products. The contribution of an increase in LSAT to the reduction of snow cover differs across seasons, with the greatest occurring in boreal autumn (49–55 %) and the lowest occurring in boreal summer (10–16 %). The snow cover uncertainties induced by the ensemble variability are invariant over time across CESM members but show an increase in the warming signal between the CMIP5 models. This feature reveals that the physical parameterization of the model plays the predominant role in long-term snow simulations, while they are less affected by internal climate variability.
Evaluation of the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model to reproduce a sub-daily extreme rainfall event in Beijing, China using different domain configurations and spin-up times
Authors: Chu Qi , Xu Zongxue , Chen Yiheng , Han Dawei 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The rainfall outputs from the latest convection-scale
Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are shown to provide an
effective means of extending prediction lead times in flood forecasting. In
this study, the performance of the WRF model in simulating a regional
sub-daily extreme rainfall event centred over Beijing, China is evaluated at
high temporal (sub-daily) and spatial (convective-resolving) scales using
different domain configurations and spin-up times. Seven objective
verification metrics that are calculated against the gridded ground
observations and the ERA-Interim reanalysis are analysed jointly using
subjective verification methods to identify the likely best WRF
configurations. The rainfall simulations are found to be highly sensitive to
the choice of domain size and spin-up time at the convective scale. A model
run covering northern China with a 1 : 5 : 5 horizontal downscaling ratio
(1.62 km), 57 vertical layers (less than 0.5 km), and a 60 h spin-up time
exhibits the best performance in terms of the accuracy of rainfall intensity
and the spatial correlation coefficient (R′). A comparison of the optimal run
and the initial run performed using the most common settings reveals clear
improvements in the verification metrics. Specifically, R′ increases
from 0.226 to 0.67, the relative error of the maximum precipitation at a point
rises from −56 to −11.7 %, and the root mean squared error decreases
by 33.65 %. In summary, re-evaluation of the domain configuration options
and spin-up times used in WRF is crucial for improving the accuracy and
reliability of rainfall outputs used in applications related to regional sub-daily heavy rainfall (SDHR).
The benefit of seamless forecasts for hydrological predictions over Europe
Authors: Wetterhall Fredrik , Di Giuseppe Francesca 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Two different systems provide long-range forecasts at ECMWF. On the
sub-seasonal timescale, ECMWF issues an extended-range ensemble prediction
system (ENS-ER) which runs a 46-day forecast integration issued twice weekly.
On longer timescales, the current seasonal forecasting system (SYS4) produces
a 7-month outlook starting from the first of each month. SYS4 uses an older
model version and has lower spatial and temporal resolution than ENS-ER,
which is issued with the current operational ensemble forecasting system.
Given the substantial differences between the ENS-ER and the SYS4
configurations and the difficulties of creating a seamless integration,
applications that rely on weather forcing as input such as the European Flood
Awareness System (EFAS) often follow the route of the creation of two
separate systems for different forecast horizons. This study evaluates the
benefit of a seamless integration of the two systems for hydrological
applications and shows that the seamless system outperforms SYS4 in terms of
skill for the first 4 weeks, but both forecasts are biased. The
benefit of the new seamless system when compared to the seasonal forecast can
be attributed to (1) the use of a more recent model version in the
sub-seasonal range (first 46 days) and (2) the much more frequent updates of
the meteorological forecast.
Forcing the SURFEX/Crocus snow model with combined hourly meteorological forecasts and gridded observations in southern Norway
Authors: Luijting Hanneke , Vikhamar-Schuler Dagrun , Aspelien Trygve , Bakketun Åsmund , Homleid Mariken 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In Norway, 30 % of the annual precipitation falls as snow.
Knowledge of the snow reservoir is therefore important for energy production
and water resource management. The land surface model SURFEX with the
detailed snowpack scheme Crocus (SURFEX/Crocus) has been run with a grid
spacing of 1 km over an area in southern Norway for 2 years (1 September
2014–31 August 2016). Experiments were carried out using two different
forcing data sets: (1) hourly forecasts from the operational weather forecast
model AROME MetCoOp (2.5 km grid spacing) including post-processed
temperature (500 m grid spacing) and wind, and (2) gridded hourly observations
of temperature and precipitation (1 km grid spacing) combined with
meteorological forecasts from AROME MetCoOp for the remaining weather
variables required by SURFEX/Crocus. We present an evaluation of the modelled
snow depth and snow cover in comparison to 30 point observations of snow depth
and MODIS satellite images of the snow-covered area. The evaluation
focuses on snow accumulation and snowmelt. Both experiments are capable of
simulating the snowpack over the two winter seasons, but there is an
overestimation of snow depth when using meteorological forecasts from AROME
MetCoOp (bias of 20 cm and RMSE of 56 cm), although the snow-covered area
in the melt season is better represented by this experiment. The
errors, when using AROME MetCoOp as forcing, accumulate over the snow season.
When using gridded observations, the simulation of snow depth is
significantly improved (the bias for this experiment is 7 cm and RMSE 28 cm),
but the spatial snow cover distribution is not well captured during the
melting season. Underestimation of snow depth at high elevations (due to the
low elevation bias in the gridded observation data set) likely causes the
snow cover to decrease too soon during the melt season, leading to
unrealistically little snow by the end of the season. Our results show that
forcing data consisting of post-processed NWP data (observations assimilated
into the raw NWP weather predictions) are most promising for snow
simulations, when larger regions are evaluated. Post-processed NWP data
provide a more representative spatial representation for both high mountains
and lowlands, compared to interpolated observations. There is, however, an
underestimation of snow ablation in both experiments. This is generally due
to the absence of wind-induced erosion of snow in the SURFEX/Crocus model,
underestimated snowmelt and biases in the forcing data.
Understanding Necessity Entrepreneurship
Authors: Buheji Mohamad 
Published: June 2018

Necessity Entrepreneurship (NE) haven’t been closely covered in literature, especially with the speed of development in the last half century and the influence on different socio-economic perspectives. In this book review paper NE is synthesised as a means for self-employment solution on demand. Services of necessity entrepreneurs’ survival and their type of mindset are reviewed, along with their best practices. Brazil success as a model NE country is covered as an example of what can any country do to move people out of poverty through NE schemes. Other NE schemes as: fall-back system, close mentorship and coaching are explored in this review to show their importance compared to financial support. The paper recommends clear transition programs of self-employment and self-reliance that goes beyond the government responsibility by calling for more involvement of private sector, NGOs and even religious organisations. Further, book future improvements are suggested to give this book more shining role towards this highly important subject.
“The One and the Many”
Authors: Fong Edmund 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
In this article, I employ the “Reception of Doctrine” approach to explore the hermeneutics of the doctrine of the atonement. The approach distinguishes and facilitates an interaction between the three “horizons of understanding” consisting of: (1) the horizon identifying our “pre-understanding” of the doctrine as it stands at present, (2) the horizon capturing the reading of Scripture that led to the making of judgments resulting in the doctrine’s formulation in the first place, and (3) the horizon tracing the reception of the doctrine through history. Together, these three horizons prescribe an atonement doctrine best described by the phrase “the one and the many,” where there is ample room for the various theories and models of the atonement to coexist together (the “many”), yet the models or theories are governed by the central scriptural emphasis that Christ’s death was “for us” (the “one”). I further propose that Karl Barth’s atonement doctrine is characterized by such a specification. That is, Barth remained open to various frameworks expressing the doctrine of the atonement (“the many”), as long as the core of the doctrine was clearly presented: God, in the death of Jesus Christ, is the God who is “for us” (“the one”).