bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of global marine fishing fleets and the response of fished resources
Authors: Rousseau Yannick , Watson Reg A. , Blanchard Julia L. , Fulton Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
We independently reconstructed vessels number, engine power, and effort of the global marine fishing fleet, in both the artisanal and industrial sectors. Although global fishing capacity and effort have more than doubled since 1950 in all but the most industrialized regions, the nominal catch per unit of effort (CPUE) has comparatively decreased. Between 1950 and 2015 the effective CPUE, among the most widely used indicator to assess fisheries management and stocks well being, has decreased by over 80% for most countries. This paper highlights the large differences in the development of sectorial fishing fleets regionally. This detailed paper empowers future exploration of the drivers of these changes, critical to develop sector and regionally specific management models targeting global fisheries sustainability.
Applying IPCC 2014 framework for hazard-specific vulnerability assessment under climate change
Authors: Sharma Jagmohan , Ravindranath Nijavalli H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Working Group II Report (2014) presents vulnerability as a pre-existing characteristic property of a system. Accordingly, indicators for ‘sensitivity’ and ‘adaptive capacity’, which are internal properties of a system, are employed to assess it. Comparatively, the IPCC 2007 report includes ‘exposure’, an external factor, as the third component of vulnerability. We have compared the construct of vulnerability presented in IPCC 2007 and 2014 reports. It is argued that the results of vulnerability assessment obtained by adopting IPCC 2014 framework are practically more useful for reducing current vulnerability in preparedness to deal with an uncertain future. In the process, we have articulated the novel concepts of ‘selecting hazard-relevant vulnerability indicators’ and ‘assessing hazard-specific vulnerability’. Use of these concepts improves the contextualization of an assessment and thereby the acceptability of assessment results by the stakeholders.
Laboratory Evaluation of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Heikal Nahla , Martins Thomas B , White Sandra K , Willis Rohan , Ware Branch D , Schmidt Robert L , Tebo Anne E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Anti-β2 glycoprotein I domain I (anti-domain I) and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) antibodies are present in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS); however, their use in evaluation remains unclear.

Methods
Diagnostic attributes of lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anti-domain I IgG, anti-cardiolipin, anti-β2 glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI), and aPS/PT IgG and IgM antibodies were assessed in 216 patients evaluated for APS.

Results
LAC had the best odds ratio (OR, 14.2) while that for anti-domain 1 IgG was comparable to anti-β2GPI IgG (OR, 8.3 vs 9.4) but higher than all others. Significant correlations were observed for thrombosis (P = .03) and pregnancy-related morbidity (P = .001) with anti-domain IgG and for any thrombosis with aPS/PT IgG (P = .006). Use of noncriteria antiphospholipid with or without criteria markers did not significantly increase the probability to diagnose APS.

Conclusions
Noncriteria tests can contribute to diagnosis and stratification of APS but do not improve diagnostic yield. Optimal strategies for implementation require prospective investigation.
Mental Health and Affect Regulation Impairment in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Results from the Canadian National FASD Database
Authors: Temple Valerie K , Cook Jocelynn L , Unsworth Kathy , Rajani Hasu , Mela Mansfield 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsIndividuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) frequently have challenges with regulating emotional arousal, or affect regulation (AR), and experience high rates of mental health disorders. This study examined children and adults with FASD to investigate the relationship between AR impairment and several mental health problems and diagnoses.MethodsData from the Canadian national FASD database was used for analysis. Seven mental health diagnoses, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, conduct disorder, attachment disorder, intellectual disability, and language disorder were examined. A history of suicidality was also examined. The prevalence of these mental health problems in individuals with and without AR impairment was compared.ResultsIndividuals with FASD and AR impairment were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with conduct disorder (OR 4.8), attachment disorder (OR 6.1), or post-traumatic stress disorder (OR 8.1) when compared to those without AR impairment. They were also more likely to have a history of suicidality (OR 8.6). AR impairment was most commonly found in those with greater overall neurodevelopmental impairment. Having AR impairment was associated with receiving a diagnosis of FASD at a later age, but was not related to gender, intellectual disability, or language disorder.ConclusionAR impairment is strongly related to several mental health diagnoses in those with FASD and presents some promising possibilities for targeted early intervention.
Chronic stress and body condition of wolf-killed prey in Prince Albert National Park, Saskatchewan
Authors: Shave Justin R , Derocher Andrew E , Cherry Seth G , Thiemann Gregory W 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChronic stress and poor body condition can cause adverse physiological and behavioural responses and may make animals more vulnerable to predation. We examined hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and marrow lipid content, as bioindicators of chronic stress and body condition, respectively, of bison (Bison bison bison), moose (Alces alces) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) killed by wolves (Canis lupus) in Prince Albert National Park (PANP), Saskatchewan, Canada. The Sturgeon River plains bison population in PANP is one of only a few wild populations of plains bison in their historical range in Canada and has experienced a decline of around 50% since 2005. We expected wolf-killed bison to have elevated HCC compared to human-harvested bison and that there would be a negative relationship between HCC and marrow lipids among wolf-killed animals. We compared HCC between different mortality sources for bison (wolf-killed n = 20 or human-harvested n = 23) and found that HCC was significantly elevated in wolf-killed bison (̄ = 7.56 ± 1.35 pg/mg). We found that HCC, species, sex and snow depth were all significant predictor variables of marrow lipid content of bison (n = 14), moose (n = 11) and deer (n = 27). Bison displayed the strongest negative correlation between HCC and marrow lipid content (r2 = 0.31). Our results suggest that chronic stress and poor body condition make prey more vulnerable to predation by wolves. HCC and marrow lipid content can provide reliable indicators of the physiological response of animals to stressors and may provide information on expected predator success that can be used to predict predator population dynamics.
Relationships with Grandparents and Grandchildren’s Well-being after Parental Divorce
Authors: Jappens Maaike , Van Bavel Jan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGrandparents are often considered as providing important resources in times of family crisis. Little is known, however, about the influence of grandparents on the well-being of grandchildren after parental divorce. This article investigates the association between the quality of relationships with grandparents and grandchildren’s subjective well-being. Using data from the study ‘Divorce in Flanders’, the authors compare 567 grandchildren with divorced and 238 with married parents regarding four indicators of subjective well-being (life satisfaction, self-esteem, mastery, and depressive feelings) and also examine variation within the group with divorced parents. Results show that the strength of grandchild–grandparent relationships is positively associated with grandchildren’s subjective well-being and that having a very good relationship with a grandparent matters even more for grandchildren whose parents have divorced. Moreover, grandchildren who experience frequent conflicts between divorced parents seem to benefit most from close grandparent relationships.
Towards a more pragmatic and wiser approach to infertility care
Authors:   The Annual Capri Workshop Group, Bhattacharya Siladitya , Evers J L Hans , Gameiro Sofia , Negri Eva , Somigliana Edgardo , Vercellini Paolo , Wellings Kaye , Baird David T , Crosignani PierGiorgio , Glasier Anna , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Infertility represents a very peculiar area of medicine. Contrary to other areas, where signs and symptoms lead to a diagnosis, which in turn leads to a specific treatment, in reproduction the lack of signs and symptoms for more than 12 months suggests the diagnosis of ‘unexplained subfertility’, and if this condition has lasted for some years, couples qualify for IVF. Diagnosis and treatments can extend over long periods of time (even years) and the accuracy of the diagnostic armamentarium is not optimal. Uncertainty about diagnosis and the need for significant perseverance is demanding on both couples and physicians, and actually constitute a very favourable situation for overdiagnosis (‘unexplained subfertility’) and overtreatment (IVF) on one hand, and, on the other, it may also affect compliance with treatments. To improve our capacity to properly handle this challenging situation, increased attention should be given to the duration of pregnancy seeking. Initiating treatments earlier in older women is unwise because this population has a lower fecundity and, therefore, duration of pregnancy seeking is even more important to achieve a reliable diagnosis of infertility. Moreover, if the infertility work-up is unremarkable, duration of pregnancy seeking should be extended up to more than 2 years prior to making a diagnosis of unexplained infertility regardless of age. An adequate period of pregnancy seeking is also required for couples who are diagnosed with conditions that can interfere with fertility to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Indeed, most causes of infertility will reduce but not impair natural conception. Within this sometimes long-term management, physicians should also pay attention to detrimental life habits in order to optimize the chances of both natural and assisted reproduction technology -mediated pregnancy. Even if interventional studies are not conclusive, it is advisable to address the problems of obesity and smoking. Focussing on frequency of sexual intercourse may be also beneficial for natural conception. Finally, there is the need for improving our capacity to handle compliance. Providing information on the importance of persevering at the start of treatment, promoting shared decision-making and tackling patient, clinic and treatment causes of drop-out can all improve the overall chances of parenthood. Thus, we plead for a wiser and more pragmatic approach to infertility, paying more attention to these neglected, but in our opinion essential, aspects of infertility care.
Salivary Gland Hypofunction and Xerostomia in Head and Neck Radiation Patients
Authors: Jensen Siri Beier , Vissink Arjan , Limesand Kirsten H , Reyland Mary E 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe most manifest long-term consequences of radiation therapy in the head and neck cancer patient are salivary gland hypofunction and a sensation of oral dryness (xerostomia).MethodsThis critical review addresses the consequences of radiation injury to salivary gland tissue, the clinical management of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia, and current and potential strategies to prevent or reduce radiation injury to salivary gland tissue or restore the function of radiation-injured salivary gland tissue.ResultsSalivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia have severe implications for oral functioning, maintenance of oral and general health, and quality of life. Significant progress has been made to spare salivary gland function chiefly due to advances in radiation techniques. Other strategies have also been developed, e.g., radioprotectors, identification and preservation/expansion of salivary stem cells by stimulation with cholinergic muscarinic agonists, and application of new lubricating or stimulatory agents, surgical transfer of submandibular glands, and acupuncture.ConclusionMany advances to manage salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by radiation therapy still only offer partial protection since they are often of short duration, lack the protective effects of saliva, or potentially have significant adverse effects. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and its next step, proton therapy, have the greatest potential as a management strategy for permanently preserving salivary gland function in head and neck cancer patients.Presently, gene transfer to supplement fluid formation and stem cell transfer to increase the regenerative potential in radiation-damaged salivary glands are promising approaches for regaining function and/or regeneration of radiation-damaged salivary gland tissue.
DOES MERGER POLICY CONVERGE AFTER THE 2004 EUROPEAN UNION REFORM?
Authors: Bergman Mats A , Coate Malcolm B , Mai Anh T V , Ulrick Shawn W 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
The European Union (EU) formally changed its merger policy in 2004, moving from a dominance standard to one based on a significant impediment of effective competition, which appears more closely aligned with the U.S. substantial lessening of competition standard. We use data from both before and after this reform to explore whether EU policy has converged toward the U.S. standard. We start by identifying changes in the EU regime and detect a softer EU policy for unilateral effects. We model the outcomes of EU and U.S. investigations with logit models and use their predictions in decompositions and other exercises to show policy convergence for unilateral effects cases.
Transience as method: A conceptual lens to understanding evolving trends in migration, mobility, and diversity in the transnational space
Authors: Gomes Catherine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMigration as an act and as a concept is becoming more complex and nuanced not only because of increasing numbers of people and groups criss-crossing and circulating international borders but also because of push–pull factors that determine agendas and aspirations affecting transnational mobile actors. Static and binary understandings of migration as either settled or temporary are thus disrupted with new and impactful rising trends in the migration-mobility nexus identified. Based on observations of global political and community responses to transnational migration, and various research projects I have been involved with on temporary migration (international students, working holiday makers, and university-educated professional workers) in the Asia-Pacific, this article puts forward the idea that transience—a phenomenon where migrants regardless of visa and residency status are, for different reasons, spatially unsettled and transnationally mobile—be used as a conceptual lens in order to see emerging dynamics within the migration-mobility experience. Transience as a conceptual lens provides a disjuncture in our understanding of the migration-mobility nexus beyond the categories of temporary and permanent, and is a useful method in helping us understand the complexities, nuances, and ecologies which emerge from the migration experience, and making us aware of evolving patterns of diversity. Transience, in other words, becomes a new method in understanding evolving and emerging migration patterns by investigating the unevenness of the migrant(ion) journey.
Were You a Part of Your Mother?
Authors: Kingma Elselijn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIs the mammalian embryo/fetus a part of the organism that gestates it? According to the containment view, the fetus is not a part of, but merely contained within or surrounded by, the gestating organism. According to the parthood view, the fetus is a part of the gestating organism. This paper proceeds in two stages. First, I argue that the containment view is the received view; that it is generally assumed without good reason; and that it needs substantial support if it is to be taken seriously. Second, I argue that the parthood view derives considerable support from a range of biological and physiological considerations. I tentatively conclude in favour of the parthood view, and end by identifying some of the interesting questions it raises.
The Epigenetic Signature of Colonizing New Environments in Anolis Lizards
Authors: Hu Juntao , Askary Arash M , Thurman Timothy J , Spiller Dave A , Palmer Todd M , Pringle Robert M , Barrett Rowan D H 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFounder populations often show rapid divergence from source populations after colonizing new environments. Epigenetic modifications can mediate phenotypic responses to environmental change and may be an important mechanism promoting rapid differentiation in founder populations. Whereas many long-term studies have explored the extent to which divergence between source and founder populations is genetically heritable versus plastic, the role of epigenetic processes during colonization remains unclear. To investigate epigenetic modifications in founding populations, we experimentally colonized eight small Caribbean islands with brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) from a common source population. We then quantitatively measured genome-wide DNA methylation in liver tissue using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing of individuals transplanted onto islands with high- versus low-habitat quality. We found that lizard sex and habitat quality explained a significant proportion of epigenetic variation. Differentially methylated cytosines mapped to genes that encode proteins with functions likely to be relevant to habitat change (e.g., signal transduction, immune response, circadian rhythm). This study provides experimental evidence of a relationship between epigenetic responses and the earliest stages of colonization of novel environments in nature and suggests that habitat quality influences the nature of these epigenetic modifications.
How do office workers respond to media coverage of sitting?
Authors: Yusuf M , Jagatia A , Mahmood Z , McCabe E , de Bruijn G-J , Smith L , Gardner B 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Sitting time is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes, and premature mortality. Office workers sit for prolonged periods, so are at particular risk. Scientific advances in public health threats are predominantly communicated to the public through media reports.

Aims
This study aimed to examine office workers’ impromptu responses to media coverage of scientific evidence related to the health risks of sedentary behaviour.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were run with 26 office workers (mean age 35 years), recruited from four organizations in southern England. Within the interview, each participant provided a ‘think-aloud’ narrative as they read three real-world news reports relating to sedentary behaviour. Thematic analysis was conducted on verbatim transcripts.

Results
Three themes were extracted from the data: gauging the personal relevance of the news reports; questioning their trustworthiness and challenging the feasibility of proposed sitting-reduction strategies. Participants voiced scepticism about the applicability of the reports to their personal circumstances, and the validity of the reports and the scientific evidence underpinning them.

Conclusions
Researchers, press officers and journalists should emphasise the ways in which participants in research studies represent the broader population of office workers, and offer greater transparency in reporting study methods, when reporting scientific advances in sedentary behaviour.
Clinical Outcomes Following Surgical Ligation of Cerebrospinal Fluid-Venous Fistula in Patients With Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Prospective Case Series
Authors: Wang Timothy Y , Karikari Isaac O , Amrhein Timothy J , Gray Linda , Kranz Peter G 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula (CVF) is a recently described cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Surgical ligation of CVF has been reported, but clinical outcomes are not well described.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the clinical efficacy of surgical ligation for treatment of CVF.

METHODS
Outcomes metrics were collected in this prospective, single-arm, cross-sectional investigation. Inclusion criteria were as follows: diagnosis of SIH, demonstration of CVF on myelography, and surgical treatment of CVF. Pre- and postoperative headache severity was assessed with the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), a validated headache scale ranging from 36 (asymptomatic) to 78 (most severe). Patient satisfaction with treatment was measured with Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC).

RESULTS
Twenty subjects were enrolled, with mean postoperative follow-up at 16.0 ± 9.7 mo. All CVFs were located in the thoracic region (between T4 and T12). Pretreatment headache severity was high (mean HIT-6 scores 65 ± 6). Surgical treatment resulted in marked improvement in headache severity (mean HIT-6 change of –21 ± –9, mean postoperative HIT-6 of 44 ± 8). Of subjects with baseline headache scores in the most severe category, 83% showed a major improvement in severity (transition to the lowest 2 severity categories) after surgery. All subjects (100%) reported clinically significant levels of satisfaction with treatment (PGIC score 6 or 7); 90% reported the highest level of satisfaction. There were no short- or long-term complications or 30-d readmissions.

CONCLUSION
Surgical ligation is highly effective for the treatment of SIH due to CVF. Larger controlled trials with longer follow-up period are indicated to better assess its long-term efficacy and safety profile.
Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor exposure and radiographic outcomes in Veterans with rheumatoid arthritis: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Cannon Grant W , Erickson Alan R , Teng Chia-Chen , Huynh Tina , Austin Sharon , Wade Sally W , Stolshek Bradley S , Collier David H , Mutebi Alex , Sauer Brian C 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The aim was to estimate the impact of TNF inhibitor (TNFi) exposure on radiographic disease progression in US Veterans with RA during the first year after initiating therapy.

Methods
This historical longitudinal cohort design used clinical and claims data to evaluate radiographic progression after initiation of TNFi. US Veterans with RA initiating TNFi treatment (index date), ≥ 6 months pre-index and ≥ 12 months post-index VA enrolment/activity, and initial (6 months pre-index to 30 days post-index) and follow-up (10–18 months post-index) bilateral hand radiographs were eligible. The cumulative TNFi exposure and change in modified Sharp score (MSS) between initial and follow-up radiographs were calculated. The percentage of patients with clinically meaningful change in MSS (≥ 5) for each month of exposure was assessed using a longitudinal marginal structural model with inverse probability of treatment weights. Mean values and CIs were generated using 1000 bootstrapped samples.

Results
For 246 eligible patients, the mean (s.d.) age was 58 (11) years; 81% were male. The mean (s.d.) initial MSS was 19.6 (33.4) (range 0–214). The mean change (s.d.) in MSS was 0.3 (3.6) (median 0, range −19 to 22). Patients with the greatest exposure had the least radiographic progression for both crude and adjusted model analyses. Adjusted rates of MSS change ≥ 5 points (95% CI) were 10.6% (9.8%, 11.4%) for patients with 3 months of exposure compared with 5.4% (5.1%, 5.7%) for patients with 12 months of exposure.

Conclusion
One-year changes in radiographic progression were small. Patients with the greatest cumulative TNFi exposure experienced the least progression.