bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Weight in Motion Sensor for Railroad Crossing Warning System Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Yoeseph N M , Marzuki A , Yunianto M , Purnomo F A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
IThe risk of accidents in the railway, especially on unmanned railroad crossing, are still high. A train arrival on railroad crossing warning system is indispensable. The warning system will detect train arrival on the railroad crossing and issue a warning to the crossers. A sensor based on optical fiber Weight in Motion (WIM) is proposed. This paper presents a design of a railroad crossing warning system based on WIM sensor. The sensor placed under the railroad tracks and detects vibrations footprints transmitted along those rails. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to process the signal pattern of the WIM system output. By using ANN, the vibration footprint pattern was classified and used as on-sensor train detection. As the train detected, the arrival time of the train on the raiload crossing was estimated. The result is a warning system which can detect train arrival on the railroad crossing and issue a warning signal.
Determination Of First Criticality In TRIGA 2000 Reactor Modificated Using Plate Type Fuel With MCNP6
Authors: Hardiyanti I S , Riyatun  , Suharyana  , Khakim A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This research offers a fuel conversion from cylinder type to plate type for solving the operation problems as a solution when the TRIGA reactor fuel production run out. The research has been implemented utilizing MCNP6 software to model and simulate the core of the TRIGA 2000 reactor plate type fuel. The geometry of the simulated reactor consists of a reflector, a moderator and a reactor tank. The fuel was U3Si2Al with 19.75% enrichment and the density was 2.96 gU/cm3, the reflector was graphite and the control rod was AgInCd. The first criticality value with 15 fuel assemblies and the 4 control rods position at 11.97cm from the top surface of the reactor core was (1.00000 ± 0.00016) in agreement with the reference value for initial configuration of TRIGA reactor core was (1.00 ± 0.01).
Lung Biopsy Findings in Severe Pulmonary Illness Associated With E-Cigarette Use (Vaping)
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Mehrad Mitra , Dammert Pedro , Arrossi Andrea V , Sarda Rakesh , Brenner David S , Maldonado Fabien , Choi Humberto , Ghobrial Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this report is to describe the lung biopsy findings in vaping-associated pulmonary illness.

Methods
Lung biopsies from eight patients with vaping-associated pulmonary illness were reviewed.

Results
The biopsies were from eight men (aged 19-61 years) with respiratory symptoms following e-cigarette use (vaping). Workup for infection was negative in all cases, and there was no evidence for other etiologies. Imaging showed diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities in all patients. Most recovered with corticosteroid therapy, while one died. Lung biopsies (seven transbronchial, one surgical) showed acute lung injury, including organizing pneumonia and/or diffuse alveolar damage. Common features were fibroblast plugs, hyaline membranes, fibrinous exudates, type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia, and interstitial organization. Some cases featured a sparse interstitial chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Although macrophages were present within the airspaces in all cases, this feature was not prominent, and findings typical of exogenous lipoid pneumonia were absent.

Conclusions
The histopathology of acute pulmonary illness related to e-cigarette use (vaping) is characterized by acute lung injury patterns, supporting the contention that vaping can cause severe lung damage.
Replying to Halpin and Kramer: Agreements, Disagreements and No-Agreements
Authors: Hurd Heidi M , Moore Michael S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article considers in detail one criticism of an earlier paper of ours advanced by both Matthew Kramer and Andrew Halpin. This is the criticism that the content of deontic statuses (such as rights and duties) does not shift but is identical in truly correlatively-related deontic statuses. We argue that the content does shift in both our scheme and in Hohfeld's scheme for the logic of rights, and that such shifts are both good things and consistent with correlativity, properly understood. Miscellaneous other criticisms are also discussed, albeit more briefly.
Root traits benefitting crop production in environments with limited water and nutrient availability
Authors: White Philip J 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundBreeding for advantageous root traits will play a fundamental role in improving the efficiency of water and nutrient acquisition, closing yield gaps, and underpinning the ‘Evergreen Revolution’ that must match crop production with human demand.ScopeThis preface provides an overview of a Special Issue of Annals of Botany on ‘Root traits benefitting crop production in environments with limited water and nutrient availability’. The first papers in the Special Issue examine how breeding for reduced shoot stature and greater harvest index during the Green Revolution affected root system architecture. It is observed that reduced plant height and root architecture are inherited independently and can be improved simultaneously to increase the acquisition and utilization of carbon, water and mineral nutrients. These insights are followed by papers examining beneficial root traits for resource acquisition in environments with limited water or nutrient availability, such as deep rooting, control of hydraulic conductivity, formation of aerenchyma, proliferation of lateral roots and root hairs, foraging of nutrient-rich patches, manipulation of rhizosphere pH and the exudation of low molecular weight organic solutes. The Special Issue concludes with papers exploring the interactions of plant roots and microorganisms, highlighting the need for plants to control the symbiotic relationships between mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia to achieve maximal growth, and the roles of plants and microbes in the modification and development of soils.
A functional mixed model for scalar on function regression with application to a functional MRI study
Authors: Ma Wanying , Xiao Luo , Liu Bowen , Lindquist Martin A 
Published: October 2019

Summary
Motivated by a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we propose a new functional mixed model for scalar on function regression. The model extends the standard scalar on function regression for repeated outcomes by incorporating subject-specific random functional effects. Using functional principal component analysis, the new model can be reformulated as a mixed effects model and thus easily fit. A test is also proposed to assess the existence of the subject-specific random functional effects. We evaluate the performance of the model and test via a simulation study, as well as on data from the motivating fMRI study of thermal pain. The data application indicates significant subject-specific effects of the human brain hemodynamics related to pain and provides insights on how the effects might differ across subjects.
EVI1 induces autophagy to promote drug resistance via regulation of ATG7 expression in leukemia cells
Authors: Niu Yuna , Yang Xue , Chen Yifei , Jin Xinyue , Li Li , Guo Yilin , Li Xuelu , Xie Yecheng , Zhang Yun , Wang Hui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) is an oncogenic transcription factor, which is abnormally expressed in myeloid leukemia and other several solid cancers. It is associated with short survival as well as anticancer drug resistance. Autophagy is a protective mechanism that promotes cancer cell growth and survival under stressed conditions including clinical drug treatment. Here evidences are provided that EVI1 induces autophagy and mediated drug resistance in myeloid leukemia cells. Both knockdown using RNAi and pharmacological inhibition of autophagy significantly increase sensitivity to cytotoxic drug treatment in EVI1high cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that EVI1 regulated autophagy by directly binding to autophagy-related gene autophagy related 7 (ATG7) promoter and transcriptionally upregulating its expression. Notably, ATG7 expression was positively correlated with EVI1 in bone marrow mononuclear cells from myeloid leukemia patients. Acute myeloid leukemia patients with high level of EVI1 are associated with unfavorable overall survival, which was aggravated by simultaneous high expression of ATG7 in these patients. Furthermore, ChIP and firefly luciferase reporter assay identified an EVI1-binding site at 227 upstream promoter region of ATG7 which regulated its transcription. In addition, enforced expression of EVI1 also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and ATG7 mRNA levels as well as autophagy activity, whereas the increase was attenuated after treatment with reactive oxygen species scavenger, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in EVI1-induced autophagy. These findings demonstrate that EVI protects myeloid leukemia cell from anticancer drug treatment by inducing autophagy through dual control of ATG7. These results might present a new therapeutic approach for improving treatment outcome in myelogenous leukemia with EVI1high.
Characteristics of Motor Dysfunction in Longstanding Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Robinson-Papp Jessica , Gensler Gary , Navis Allison , Sherman Seth , Ellis Ronald J , Gelman Benjamin B , Kolson Dennis L , Letendre Scott L , Singer Elyse J , Valdes-Sueiras Miguel , Morgello Susan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCognitive dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has decreased, but milder forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist along with motor dysfunction. The HIV Motor Scale (HMS) is a validated tool that captures motor abnormalities on routine neurologic examination and which is associated with cognitive impairment in HIV. In this study, we applied a modified HMS (MHMS) to a nationwide cohort of people with longstanding HIV to characterize and understand the factors contributing to motor dysfunction.MethodsThe National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium is a nationwide longitudinal cohort study. Participants undergo regular assessments including neurological examination, neuropsychological testing, and immunovirologic data collection. Data from examinations were used to calculate the MHMS score, which was then correlated with history of AIDS-related central nervous system (CNS) disorders (ARCD; eg, prior CNS opportunistic infection), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and HAND.ResultsSixty-nine percent of participants showed an abnormality on the MHMS, with 27% classified as severe. Results did not vary based on demographic or immunologic variables. The most common abnormalities seen were gait (54%), followed by coordination (39%) and strength (25%), and these commonly co-occurred. CVD (P = .02), history of ARCD (P = .001), and HAND (P = .001) were all associated with higher (ie, worse) HMS in univariate analyses; CVD and ARCD persisted in multivariate analyses. CVD was also marginally associated with symptomatic HAND.ConclusionsComplex motor dysfunction remains common in HIV and is associated with CVD, ARCD, and to a lesser extent, HAND. Future studies are needed to understand the longitudinal trajectory of HIV-associated motor dysfunction, its neural substrates, and impact on quality of life.
Comparison of Human H3N2 Antibody Responses Elicited by Egg-Based, Cell-Based, and Recombinant Protein–Based Influenza Vaccines During the 2017–2018 Season
Authors: Gouma Sigrid , Zost Seth J , Parkhouse Kaela , Branche Angela , Topham David J , Cobey Sarah , Hensley Scott E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The H3N2 component of egg-based 2017–2018 influenza vaccines possessed an adaptive substitution that alters antigenicity. Several influenza vaccines include antigens that are produced through alternative systems, but a systematic comparison of different vaccines used during the 2017–2018 season has not been completed.

Methods
We compared antibody responses in humans vaccinated with Fluzone (egg-based, n = 23), Fluzone High-Dose (egg-based, n = 16), Flublok (recombinant protein–based, n = 23), or Flucelvax (cell-based, n = 23) during the 2017–2018 season. We completed neutralization assays using an egg-adapted H3N2 virus, a cell-based H3N2 virus, wild-type 3c2.A and 3c2.A2 H3N2 viruses, and the H1N1 vaccine strain. We also performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using a recombinant wild-type 3c2.A hemagglutinin. Antibody responses were compared in adjusted analysis.

Results
Postvaccination neutralizing antibody titers to 3c2.A and 3c2.A2 were higher in Flublok recipients compared with Flucelvax or Fluzone recipients (P &lt; .01). Postvaccination titers to 3c2.A and 3c2.A2 were similar in Flublok and Fluzone High-Dose recipients, though seroconversion rates trended higher in Flublok recipients. Postvaccination titers in Flucelvax recipients were low to all H3N2 viruses tested, including the cell-based H3N2 strain. Postvaccination neutralizing antibody titers to H1N1 were similar among the different vaccine groups.

Conclusions
These data suggest that influenza vaccine antigen match and dose are both important for eliciting optimal H3N2 antibody responses in humans. Future studies should be designed to determine if our findings directly impact vaccine effectiveness.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03068949.
Risk of Neurological Disorders in Patients With European Lyme Neuroborreliosis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Haahr Rasmus , Tetens Malte M , Dessau Ram B , Krogfelt Karen A , Bodilsen Jacob , Andersen Nanna S , Møller Jens K , Roed Casper , Christiansen Claus B , Ellermann-Eriksen Svend , Bangsborg Jette M , Hansen Klaus , Benfield Thomas L , Andersen Christian Ø , Obel Niels , Lebech Anne-Mette , Omland Lars H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), caused by the tick-borne spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex, has been suggested to be associated with a range of neurological disorders. In a nationwide, population-based cohort study, we examined the associations between LNB and dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, motor neuron disease, epilepsy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Methods
We used national registers to identify all Danish residents diagnosed during 1986–2016 with LNB (n = 2067), created a gender- and age-matched comparison cohort from the general population (n = 20 670), and calculated risk estimates and hazard ratios.

Results
We observed no long-term increased risks of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, motor neuron diseases, or epilepsy. However, within the first year, 8 (0.4%) of the LNB patients developed epilepsy, compared with 20 (0.1%) of the comparison cohort (difference, 0.3%; 95% confidence interval, .02–.6%). In the LNB group, 11 (0.5%) patients were diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome within the first year after LNB diagnosis, compared with 0 (0.0%) in the comparison cohort. After the first year, the risk of Guillain-Barré was not increased.

Conclusions
LNB patients did not have increased long-term risks of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, motor neuron diseases, epilepsy, or Guillain-Barré. Although the absolute risk is low, LNB patients might have an increased short-term risk of epilepsy and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Cardiovascular risk of electronic cigarettes: a review of preclinical and clinical studies
Authors: Buchanan Nicholas D , Grimmer Jacob A , Tanwar Vineeta , Schwieterman Neill , Mohler Peter J , Wold Loren E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the most preventable risk factor related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Tobacco usage has declined in recent years; however, the use of alternative nicotine delivery methods, particularly e-cigarettes, has increased exponentially despite limited data on their short- and long-term safety and efficacy. Due to their unique properties, the impact of e-cigarettes on cardiovascular physiology is not fully known. Here, we summarize both preclinical and clinical data extracted from short- and long-term studies on the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette use. Current findings support that e-cigarettes are not a harm-free alternative to tobacco smoke. However, the data are primarily derived from acute studies. The impact of chronic e-cigarette exposure is essentially unstudied. To explore the uniqueness of e-cigarettes, we contemplate the cardiovascular effects of individual e-cigarette constituents. Overall, data suggest that exposure to e-cigarettes could be a potential cardiovascular health concern. Further preclinical research and randomized trials are needed to expand basic and clinical investigations before considering e-cigarettes safe alternatives to conventional cigarettes.
Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics assessment of thoracic aorta blood flow: a literature review
Authors: Jarral Omar A , Tan Matthew K H , Salmasi Mohammad Yousuf , Pirola Selene , Pepper John R , O’Regan Declan P , Xu Xiao Y , Athanasiou Thanos 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The death rate from thoracic aortic disease is on the rise and represents a growing global health concern as patients are often asymptomatic before acute events, which have devastating effects on health-related quality of life. Biomechanical factors have been found to play a major role in the development of both acquired and congenital aortic diseases. However, much is still unknown and translational benefits of this knowledge are yet to be seen. Phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging of thoracic aortic blood flow has emerged as an exceptionally powerful non-invasive tool enabling visualization of complex flow patterns, and calculation of variables such as wall shear stress. This has led to multiple new findings in the areas of phenotype-dependent bicuspid valve flow patterns, thoracic aortic aneurysm formation and aortic prosthesis performance assessment. Phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging has also been used in conjunction with computational fluid modelling techniques to produce even more sophisticated analyses, by allowing the calculation of haemodynamic variables with exceptional temporal and spatial resolution. Translationally, these technologies may potentially play a major role in the emergence of precision medicine and patient-specific treatments in patients with aortic disease. This clinically focused review will provide a systematic overview of key insights from published studies to date.
Patterns of long-term conditions in older age and subsequent mortality: a national study of inequalities in health
Authors: de Cock T Paul , Rosato Michael , Ferry Finola , Curran Emma , Leavey Gerard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultiple long-term health conditions in older people are associated with increased mortality. The study aims to identify patterns of long-term health in a national ageing population using a census-based self-reported indicator of long-term health conditions. We assessed associations with subsequent mortality and socio-economic and demographic risk factors.MethodsUsing linked administrative data from the Northern Ireland Mortality Study, we assessed the presence of latent classes of morbidity in self-reported data on 11 long-term health conditions in a population aged 65 or more (N = 244 349). These classes were associated with demographic and socio-economic predictors using multi-nomial logistic regression. In a 3.75-year follow-up, all-cause and cause-specific mortality were regressed on morbidity patterns.ResultsFour latent classes of long-term ill-health conditions were derived, and labelled: ‘low impairment’; ‘pain/mobility’; ‘cognitive/mental’; ‘sensory impairment’. Groupings reflecting higher levels of long-term ill-health were associated with class-specific increases in all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Strongest effects were found for the ‘cognitive/mental’ group, which predicted all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.96: 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.83, 3.10) as well as some cause-specific mortality (i.e. dementia-related death: HR = 10.78: 95% CI = 9.39, 12.15). Class membership was predicted by a range of socio-demographic factors. Lower socio-economic status was associated with poorer health.ConclusionResults indicate that long-term ill-health clusters in specific patterns, which are both predicted by socio-demographic factors and are themselves predictive of mortality in the elderly. The syndromic nature of long-term ill-health and functioning in ageing populations has implications for healthcare planning and public health policy in older populations.
Bringing the commercial determinants of health out of the shadows: a review of how the commercial determinants are represented in conceptual frameworks
Authors: Maani Nason , Collin Jeff , Friel Sharon , Gilmore Anna B , McCambridge Jim , Robertson Lindsay , Petticrew Mark P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The term ‘commercial determinants of health’ (CDOH) is increasingly focussing attention upon the role of tobacco, alcohol and food and beverage companies and others—as important drivers of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, the CDOH do not seem to be clearly represented in the most common social determinants of health (SDOH) frameworks. We review a wide range of existing frameworks of the determinants of health to determine whether and how commercial determinants are incorporated into current SDOH thinking.

Methods
We searched for papers and non-academic reports published in English since 2000 describing influences on population health outcomes. We included documents with a formal conceptual framework or diagram, showing the integration of the different determinants.

Results
Forty-eight framework documents were identified. Only one explicitly included the CDOH in a conceptual diagram. Ten papers discussed the commercial determinants in some form in the text only and fourteen described negative impacts of commercial determinants in the text. Twelve discussed positive roles for the private sector in producing harmful commodities. Overall, descriptions of commercial determinants are frequently understated, not made explicit, or simply missing. The role of commercial actors as vectors of NCDs is largely absent or invisible in many of the most influential conceptual diagrams.

Conclusions
Our current public health models may risk framing public health problems and solutions in ways that obscure the role that the private sector, in particular large transnational companies, play in shaping the broader environment and individual behaviours, and thus population health outcomes.