bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Would you like to join me for a walk?” The feasibility of a supervised walking programme for people with dementia who wander
Authors: MacAndrew Margaret , Kolanowski Ann , Fielding Elaine , Kerr Graham , McMaster Mitchell , Wyles Katy , Beattie Elizabeth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesFive of the eight focus areas of Bowen's Feasibility Framework were utilised to assess the feasibility of implementing the Safe Walking Program (SWP) with people with severe dementia who wander in long‐term care (LTC).BackgroundDementia‐related wandering in LTC is associated with adverse outcomes related to intensity (malnutrition, exhaustion and pain, injury) and type of walking (sleep deprivation, resident violence and elopement, death). There is little evidence guiding best practice for managing wandering in LTC.DesignThe SWP involved a three‐week trial of taking residents (n = 7) for a 30‐min supervised walk, 30 min before individual peak walking activity periods (PWAP), outside the care facility. Quantitative (real‐time observation and 24/7 Actigraph™ data: not reported here) and qualitative data were collected pre‐, during and postintervention.MethodsFeasibility to implement the SWP protocol was evaluated using a protocol fidelity checklist completed at the end of each scheduled intervention. Acceptability and sustainability of the programme were evaluated through staff interviews.ResultsEighty per cent of scheduled walks commenced and were completed, with 91% of walks lasting the full 30 min. Care staff reported benefits for participants and care staff. The perceived sustainability of the SWP in the LTC setting was impacted by the strict timing of the walk to coincide with participant's individual PWAP. The use of care staff to lead some scheduled walks was seen as interfering with care routines.ConclusionsTo enhance the acceptability/sustainability of the SWP in LTC, further testing of the importance of dose and timing is required. Consideration needs to be given to suggested modifications to the protocol.Implications for practiceThe SWP is an acceptable and enjoyable activity for people with severe dementia who wander. Utilising walking tracks around the neighbourhood was perceived as being an important element of the programme.
The comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam premedication on postoperative anxiety in children for hernia repair surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Du Zhen , Zhang Xi‐Ying , Qu Shuang‐Quan , Song Zong‐Bing , Wei Si‐Wei , Xiang Zhen , Guo Qu‐Lian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative anxiety is common in pediatric patients undergoing surgery.AimsThe aim of this study was to determine whether an infusion of dexmedetomidine prior to hernia repair in children provides better postoperative anxiety outcomes that a preoperative infusion of midazolam.MethodsNinety 6‐11‐year‐old children, who were scheduled to undergo elective hernia repair, were enrolled for this double‐blind, randomized controlled trial. Group D (n = 45) received an intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) and Group M (n = 45) received an intravenous infusion of midazolam (0.08 mg/kg) in 20 mL of normal saline for 10 minutes before the induction of anesthesia. Pre‐ and postoperative scores on the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale were the main outcomes. Secondary outcomes included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and postoperative pain measured on a visual analogue scale and patient satisfaction using a numerical rating scale.ResultsPostoperative anxiety in Group D was significantly lower than preoperative anxiety (2 hours postoperatively mean difference [95% CI]: 2.83 [0.87‐4.79], P = 0.036, 4 hours postoperatively mean difference [95% CI]: 3.29 [1.39‐5.20], P = 0.005). Preoperative and postoperative anxiety in Group M was similar. Anxiety scores in Group D were also significantly lower than anxiety in Group M 2 hours (mean difference [95% CI]: 1.89 [0.52‐3.26], P = 0.01) and 4 hours (mean difference [95% CI]: 3.32 [1.98‐4.66], P < 0.001) postoperatively. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were lower in Group D than in Group M after administration of sedative drugs until children left PACU (SBP mean difference [95% CI]: 13.87 [10.30‐17.43], P < 0.001, DBP mean difference [95% CI]: 5.96[3.80‐8.11], P < 0.001, HR mean difference [95% CI]: 10.36 [7.58‐13.13], P < 0.001). Pain was also significantly lower in Group D than in Group M at 2 hours (median difference [95% CI]: 1 [0.26‐1.34], P = 0.004), 4 hours (median difference [95% CI]: 1 [0.31‐1.02], P = 0.003), and 1 day (median difference [95% CI]: 0 [0.22‐0.76], P = 0.003) postoperatively. Patient satisfaction scores were significantly higher in Group D than in Group M 1 day (median difference [95% CI]: 0 [−0.83 to −0.24], P = 0.006) and somewhat higher 1 week (median difference [95% CI]: 0 [−0.67 to −0.04], P = 0.06) postoperatively.ConclusionCompared with midazolam, a single preoperative intravenous dose of dexmedetomidine appears to provide better postoperative anxiolytic effects for children undergoing same‐day surgery.
Assessment of muscle oxygenation in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Ross Faith J. , Arakaki Lorilee S. L. , Ciesielski Wayne A. , McMullan D. Michael , Richards Michael J. , Geiduschek Jeremy , Latham Gregory , Hsieh Vincent , Schenkman Kenneth A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdaptive responses to congenital heart disease result in altered muscle perfusion and muscle metabolism. Such changes may be detectable using noninvasive spectroscopic monitors.AimsIn this study we aimed to determine if resting muscle oxygen saturation (MOx) is lower in children with acyanotic or cyanotic congenital heart disease than in healthy children and to identify differences in muscle oxygen consumption in children with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease.MethodsUsing a custom fiber optic spectrometer system, optical measurements were obtained from the calf or forearm of 49 patients (17 with acyanotic congenital heart disease, 18 with cyanotic congenital heart disease, and 14 control). Twenty additional control patients were used to develop the analytic model. Spectra were used to determine MOx at baseline, during arterial occlusion, and during reperfusion. The rate of muscle desaturation during arterial occlusion was also evaluated. Two‐sample t‐tests were used to compare each heart disease group with the controls.ResultsPatients with acyanotic and cyanotic congenital heart disease had lower baseline MOx than controls. Baseline MOx was 91.3% (CI 85.9%, 96.7%) for acyanotic patients, 91.1% (CI 86.3%, 95.9%) for cyanotic patients, and 98.9% (CI 96.7%, 101.1%) for controls. Similarly, MOx was lower in the acyanotic and cyanotic groups than the controls after reperfusion (84.6% [CI 74.1%, 95.1%] and 82.1% [CI 74.5%, 89.7%] vs 98.9% [96.5%, 101.3%]). The rate of decline in oxygenation was significantly greater in cyanotic patients versus controls (0.46%/s (CI 0.30%, 0.62%/s) vs 0.17%/s (0.13%, 0.21%/s)).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that muscle oxygenation is abnormal in children with both cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease. This suggests that noninvasive monitoring of muscle oxygenation may provide valuable information in situations where children with congenital heart disease may be at risk of hemodynamic compromise.
Mechanisms for minimizing height‐related stomatal conductance declines in tall vines
Authors: Domec Jean‐Christophe , Berghoff Henry , Way Danielle A. , Moshelion Menachem , Palmroth Sari , Kets Katre , Huang Cheng‐Wei , Oren Ram 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ability to transport water through tall stems hydraulically limits stomatal conductance (gs), thereby constraining photosynthesis and growth. However, some plants are able to minimize this height‐related decrease in gs, regardless of path length. We hypothesized that kudzu (Pueraria lobata) prevents strong declines in gs with height through appreciable structural and hydraulic compensative alterations. We observed only a 12% decline in maximum gs along 15‐m‐long stems and were able to model this empirical trend. Increasing resistance with transport distance was not compensated by increasing sapwood‐to‐leaf‐area ratio. Compensating for increasing leaf area by adjusting the driving force would require water potential reaching −1.9 MPa, far below the wilting point (−1.2 MPa). The negative effect of stem length was compensated for by decreasing petiole hydraulic resistance and by increasing stem sapwood area and water storage, with capacitive discharge representing 8–12% of the water flux. In addition, large lateral (petiole, leaves) relative to axial hydraulic resistance helped improve water flow distribution to top leaves. These results indicate that gs of distal leaves can be similar to that of basal leaves, provided that resistance is highest in petioles, and sufficient amounts of water storage can be used to subsidize the transpiration stream.
Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic susceptibility patterns in pediatric atopic dermatitis
Authors: Briscoe Cristopher C. , Reich Patrick , Fritz Stephanie , Coughlin Carrie C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesStaphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent bacterial pathogen in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients presenting with skin infections. Despite the known association between S aureus and AD, guidance on empiric antibiotics for skin infections in pediatric AD patients is limited.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study over a five‐year period to characterize the S aureus strains recovered from pediatric AD patients with clinically apparent bacterial skin infections treated in an academic medical center. We assessed patient demographics and dilute bleach bath usage to determine whether these factors were correlated with methicillin resistance. Culture results from our AD cohort were also compared to those from pediatric patients presenting to the Saint Louis Children's Hospital emergency department (ED) with S aureus skin abscesses from 2013 to 2015.ResultsMethicillin‐sensitive S aureus (MSSA) was more prevalent (77.8%) than methicillin‐resistant S aureus (MRSA) (22.2%). There was no correlation between MRSA and age, sex, race, or dilute bleach bath use. In comparison with pediatric patients presenting to the ED, AD patients had lower rates of MSSA susceptibility to doxycycline and MRSA susceptibility to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX).ConclusionsFirst‐generation cephalosporins remain appropriate empiric therapy for most pediatric AD patients. In patients with a history of MRSA, empiric doxycycline or TMP‐SMX could be considered, given their high MRSA susceptibility rates.
Adolescent male fertility following reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in non‐malignant disorders
Authors: Zhao Jun , Beebe Kristen , Magee Kyrie , Salzberg Dana , Stahlecker Jennifer , Miller Holly K. , Adams Roberta H. , Lipskind Shane , Walsh Alexandra , Mirea Lucia , Ngwube Alexander 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe effects of RIC for HSCT on male fertility remain unknown. We investigated spermatogenesis and gonadal hormonal status among adolescent male patients who received RIC HSCT for non‐malignant diseases.Patients and MethodsPatients with non‐malignant disease who had undergone a RIC HSCT were recruited and evaluated for spermatogenesis via semen analysis and gonadal hormonal function via serum hormone levels. Those who had received prior chemotherapy or radiation were excluded from the study. We reviewed the charts to record demographic factors, conditioning regimen and complications during and after transplant.ResultsFive patients were enrolled. The median age at the time of transplant was 15 years (range, 11‐19 years), and the median time between bone marrow transplant and semen analysis was 5 years (range, 3‐11 years). Median age of patients was 20 years (range, 18‐25 years) at the time of the study. Serum FSH and LH levels were elevated in four patients, and inhibin B levels were low for age in three patients. Semen analysis showed two patients had azoospermia, and the remaining three patients showed severe oligozoospermia. Normal morphology and motility were seen in only one patient.ConclusionThis case series suggests that RIC transplants may be associated with impaired spermatogenesis and sequential follow‐up is necessary given the potential for either permanent impairment or delayed recovery. Further larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Cold agglutinin disease and its implications for dental treatment
Authors: Cho Hana , Kumar Navdeep 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare variant of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, characterized by the destruction of red blood cells by autoantibodies following exposure to cold temperatures. This case is of a 75‐year‐old male who presented to a dedicated hematology dental clinic. The dental management over a 3‐year period is described, whereby the patient had extraction and periodontal disease management with considerations for medical, social and dental risk assessments and treatment modifications. The principles are applicable to patients with other hematological disorders.
Recessions and Potential Output: Disentangling Measurement Errors, Supply Shocks, and Hysteresis Effects*
Authors: Dovern Jonas , Zuber Christopher 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates expert revisions of potential output (PO) estimates following recessions. Using data from the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD), we show that downward revisions are substantial, permanent, and mostly driven by supply shocks. In contrast, PO estimates do not significantly react to demand shocks. Revisions are also partly caused by mismeasurement of PO before recessions. In particular, we show that the length of the preceding boom and pre‐recession values of the current account balance and credit volumes are correlated with post‐recession PO revisions. Our results call for improved methods for estimating PO and provide evidence against the existence of substantial hysteresis following demand shocks.
MiR‐199‐3p–Dnmt3a–STAT3 signalling pathway in ovalbumin‐induced allergic rhinitis
Authors: Cui Xinhua , Guo Ying , Wang Qirong , Li Xuezhong 
Published: May 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the mechanism of DNA methylation in allergic rhinitis?

What is the main finding and its importance?
A miR‐199‐3p–Dnmt3a–STAT3 signalling pathway is involved in ovalbumin‐induced allergic rhinitis, and miR‐199‐3p antagomir can relieve the symptoms in the mouse model.

AbstractRecent research has pointed out the involvement of epigenetic modifications in allergic rhinitis (AR), especially DNA methylation. However, the detailed mechanism has remained largely uncovered. We used ovalbumin (OVA) to induce AR in mouse, and behaviour scores were used to confirm its successful establishment. Histamine and other inflammatory factors were detected to further verify success of the model. Real‐time PCR was employed to identify the overexpression of miR‐199‐3p and subsequent down‐regulation of DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a). Western blotting was utilized to detect Dnmt3a and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) at the protein level. Bisulfite sequencing PCR was applied to reveal the methylation status of the Stat3 promoter region. A dual‐reporter assay was used to confirm the direct targeting of miR‐199‐3p on the Dnmt3a mRNA and an antagomir specific to miR‐199‐3p was injected to rescue the symptoms of AR. The AR model was successfully established in mouse and confirmed by both behaviour and molecular markers. We also found lowered expression of Dnmt3a and consecutive hypomethylation of Stat3 promoter and elevated expression of STAT3, which then led to overexpression of IgE and other inflammatory factors. MicroRNAs that worked on the Dnmt3a 3′‐untranslated region were predicted and then verified by dual‐reporter assay. Finally injection of a miR‐199‐3p antagomir successfully attenuated the symptoms of AR. We propose that the miR‐199‐3p–Dnmt3a–STAT3 signalling pathway is involved in OVA‐induced AR.
Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses duringListeria monocytogenesInfection
Authors: D’Orazio Sarah E. F. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIt could be argued that we understand the immune response to infection withListeria monocytogenesbetter than the immunity elicited by any other bacteria.L. monocytogenesare Gram-positive bacteria that are genetically tractable and easy to cultivatein vitro, and the mouse model of intravenous (i.v.) inoculation is highly reproducible. For these reasons, immunologists frequently use the mouse model of systemic listeriosis to dissect the mechanisms used by mammalian hosts to recognize and respond to infection. This article provides an overview of what we have learned over the past few decades and is divided into three sections: “Innate Immunity” describes how the host initially detects the presence ofL. monocytogenesand characterizes the soluble and cellular responses that occur during the first few days postinfection; “Adaptive Immunity” discusses the exquisitely specific T cell response that mediates complete clearance of infection and immunological memory; “Use of AttenuatedListeriaas a Vaccine Vector” highlights the ways that investigators have exploited our extensive knowledge of anti-Listeriaimmunity to develop cancer therapeutics.
Analysis of Cre-mediated genetic deletion of Gdf11 in cardiomyocytes of young mice
Authors: Garbern Jessica , Kristl Amy C. , Bassaneze Vinicius , Vujic Ana , Schoemaker Henk , Sereda Rebecca , Peng Liming , Ricci-Blair Elisabeth M. , Goldstein Jill M. , Walker Ryan G. , Bhasin Shalender , Wagers Amy J. , Lee Richard T. 
Published: May 2019

Administration of active growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) to aged mice can reduce cardiac hypertrophy, and low serum levels of GDF11 measured together with the related protein, myostatin (also known as GDF8), predict future morbidity and mortality in coronary heart patients. Using mice with a loxP-flanked (“floxed”) allele of Gdf11 and Myh6-driven expression of Cre recombinase to delete Gdf11 in cardiomyocytes, we tested the hypothesis that cardiac-specific Gdf11 deficiency might lead to cardiac hypertrophy in young adulthood. We observed that targeted deletion of Gdf11 in cardiomyocytes does not cause cardiac hypertrophy but rather leads to left ventricular dilation when compared with control mice carrying only the Myh6-cre or Gdf11-floxed alleles, suggesting a possible etiology for dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism underlying this finding remains unclear because of multiple confounding effects associated with the selected model. First, whole heart Gdf11 expression did not decrease in Myh6-cre; Gdf11-floxed mice, possibly because of upregulation of Gdf11 in noncardiomyocytes in the heart. Second, we observed Cre-associated toxicity, with lower body weights and increased global fibrosis, in Cre-only control male mice compared with flox-only controls, making it challenging to infer which changes in Myh6-cre;Gdf11-floxed mice were the result of Cre toxicity versus deletion of Gdf11. Third, we observed differential expression of cre mRNA in Cre-only controls compared with the cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice, also making comparison between these two groups difficult. Thus, targeted Gdf11 deletion in cardiomyocytes may lead to left ventricular dilation without hypertrophy, but alternative animal models are necessary to understand the mechanism for these findings. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We observed that targeted deletion of growth differentiation factor 11 in cardiomyocytes does not cause cardiac hypertrophy but rather leads to left ventricular dilation compared with control mice carrying only the Myh6-cre or growth differentiation factor 11-floxed alleles. However, the mechanism underlying this finding remains unclear because of multiple confounding effects associated with the selected mouse model.
Results from a Phase IIb, Randomized, Multicenter Study of GVAX Pancreas and CRS-207 Compared with Chemotherapy in Adults with Previously Treated Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (ECLIPSE Study)
Authors: Le Dung T. , Picozzi Vincent J. , Ko Andrew H. , Wainberg Zev A. , Kindler Hedy , Wang-Gillam Andrea , Oberstein Paul , Morse Michael A. , Zeh Herbert J. , Weekes Colin , Reid Tony , Borazanci Erkut , Crocenzi Todd , LoConte Noelle K. , Musher Benjamin , Laheru Dan , Murphy Aimee , Whiting Chan , Nair Nitya , Enstrom Amanda , Ferber Sandy , Brockstedt Dirk G. , Jaffee Elizabeth M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Limited options exist for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer progressing after 1 or more lines of therapy. A phase II study in patients with previously treated metastatic pancreatic cancer showed that combining GVAX pancreas (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells) with cyclophosphamide (Cy) and CRS-207 (live, attenuated Listeria monocytogenes expressing mesothelin) resulted in median overall survival (OS) of 6.1 months, which compares favorably with historical OS achieved with chemotherapy. In the current study, we compared Cy/GVAX + CRS-207, CRS-207 alone, and standard chemotherapy in a three-arm, randomized, controlled phase IIb trial.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with previously treated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were randomized 1:1:1 to receive Cy/GVAX + CRS-207 (arm A), CRS-207 (arm B), or physician's choice of single-agent chemotherapy (arm C). The primary cohort included patients who had failed ≥2 prior lines of therapy, including gemcitabine. The primary objective compared OS between arms A and C in the primary cohort. The second-line cohort included patients who had received 1 prior line of therapy. Additional objectives included OS between all treatment arms, safety, and tumor responses.

Results:
The study did not meet its primary efficacy endpoint. At the final study analysis, median OS [95% confidence interval (CI)] in the primary cohort (N = 213) was 3.7 (2.9–5.3), 5.4 (4.2–6.4), and 4.6 (4.2–5.7) months in arms A, B, and C, respectively, showing no significant difference between arm A and arm C [P = not significant (NS), HR = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.84–1.64]. The most frequently reported adverse events in all treatment groups were chills, pyrexia, fatigue, and nausea. No treatment-related deaths occurred.

Conclusions:
The combination of Cy/GVAX + CRS-207 did not improve survival over chemotherapy. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02004262)
See related commentary by Salas-Benito et al., p. 5435
Revision of the subgenus Kappa de Saussure of Mischocyttarus de Saussure (Hym.; Vespidae, Polistinae, Mischocyttarini)
Authors: SILVEIRA ORLANDO TOBIAS 
Published: May 2019

A taxonomic revision of Neotropical wasps of the subgenus Kappa de Saussure of the genus Mischocyttarus de Saussure leads to recognition of 36 species, twelve of them described here for the first time: M. laurae sp. n., M. mirus sp. n., M. magdalenensis sp. n., M. paris sp. n., M. fidus sp. n., M. occiduus sp. n., M. efferus sp. n., M. acreanus sp. n., M. porantin sp. n., M. timbira sp. n., M. mysticus sp. n., and M. pertinax sp. n. Synonymies included are: M. deceptus (Fox, 1895) = M. atrocyaneus Zikan, 1949; M. imitator (Ducke, 1904) = M. goyanus Zikán, 1949 = M. communalis Richards, 1978; M. socialis (de Saussure, 1854) = M. atramentarius Zikán, 1949; M. metathoracicus (de Saussure, 1854) = M. granadaensis Zikán, 1949 = M. rectus Richards, 1978; M. injucundus (de Saussure, 1854) = M. injucundus bimarginatus (Cameron, 1912) = M. juruanus Richards, 1978 = M. jucundus Richards, 1978 = M. injucundus tingomariae Richards, 1978. Males of five species are described for the first time: M. zikaninus Richards, M. villarricanus Zikán, M. adolphi Zikán, M. latissimus Richards, and M. deceptus (Fox).