bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Neoproterozoic (Moine) calc-silicate rocks represent metamorphosed tuffs? A geochemical re-appraisal
Authors: Batchelor Richard A. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTFollowing the identification of grey quartz–albite–chlorite–calcite–muscovite rocks in Meso- to Neo-proterozoic sequences in Scotland as metamorphosed tuffs of intermediate composition, it has been shown that this lithology will generate calc-silicate rocks at higher metamorphic grades. Both rock types occur as thin beds with sharp contacts with their host, occur as multiple beds in isolated suites, and share chemical compositions suggestive of volcanic sources with tholeiitic andesite affinities. The failure to recognise calc-silicate rocks as tuffs might explain the apparent scarcity of volcanogenic material through c.220 million years of early Earth history in Scotland.
Quantifying Carbon and Nutrient Input From Litterfall in European Forests Using Field Observations and Modeling
Authors: Neumann Mathias , Ukonmaanaho Liisa , Johnson James , Benham Sue , Vesterdal Lars , Novotný Radek , Verstraeten Arne , Lundin Lars , Thimonier Anne , Michopoulos Panagiotis , Hasenauer Hubert 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLitterfall is a major, yet poorly studied, process within forest ecosystems globally. It is important for carbon dynamics, edaphic communities, and maintaining site fertility. Reliable information on the carbon and nutrient input from litterfall, provided by litter traps, is relevant to a wide audience including policy makers and soil scientists. We used litterfall observations of 320 plots from the pan‐European forest monitoring network of the “International Co‐operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests” to quantify litterfall fluxes. Eight litterfall models were evaluated (four using climate information and four using biomass abundance). We scaled up our results to the total European forest area and quantified the contribution of litterfall to the forest carbon cycle using net primary production aggregated by bioregions (north, central, and south) and by forest types (conifers and broadleaves). The 1,604 analyzed annual litterfall observations indicated an average carbon input of 224 g C · m−2 · year−1(annual nutrient inputs 4.49 g N, 0.32 g P, and 1.05 g K · m−2), representing a substantial percentage of net primary production from 36% in north Europe to 32% in central Europe. The annual turnover of carbon and nutrient in broadleaf canopies was larger than for conifers. The evaluated models provide large‐scale litterfall predictions with a bias less than 10%. Each year litterfall in European forests transfers 351 Tg C, 8.2 Tg N, 0.6 Tg P, and 1.9 Tg K to the forest floor. The performance of litterfall models may be improved by including foliage biomass and proxies for forest management.
Effects of Electric Field and Neutral Wind on the Asymmetry of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly
Authors: Khadka Sovit M. , Valladares Cesar E. , Sheehan Robert , Gerrard Andrew J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe zonal electric field and the meridional neutral wind are the principal drivers that define the geometry and characteristics of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Here we present the response of the EIA to the variability of the zonal electric field based on measurements of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) currents and trans‐equatorial neutral winds for the generation and control of the asymmetries of the EIA crests of total electron content (TEC) in the western side of the South American continent. The EEJ strengths are determined using a pair of magnetometers. The 24‐hr trans‐equatorial neutral wind profile is measured using the Second‐Generation, Optimized, Fabry‐Perot Doppler Imager (SOFDI) located near the geomagnetic equator. The EIA is evaluated using TEC data measured by Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers from the Low‐Latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network and several other networks in South America. A physics‐based numerical model, Low‐Latitude Ionospheric Sector, and SOFDI data are used to study the effects of daytime meridional neutral winds on the consequent evolution of an asymmetry in equatorial TEC anomalies during the afternoon and onward for the first time. We find that the configuration parameters such as strength, shape, amplitude, and latitudinal width of the EIAs are affected by the eastward electric field associated with the EEJ under undisturbed conditions. The asymmetries of EIA crests are observed more frequently during solstices and the September equinox than in the March equinox season. Importantly, this study indicates that the meridional neutral wind plays a very significant role in the development of the EIA asymmetry by transporting the plasma up the field lines. This result suggests that a precise observation of the latitudinal TEC profile at low latitudes can be used to derive the meridional wind.
Thank You to 2017 Reviewers of Radio Science
Authors: Wilkinson Phil , Salous Sana 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPeer review is widely accepted as an indispensable part of science. The hours spent reading and commenting on manuscripts not only improves the manuscripts themselves but also ensures the scientific rigor of future research in our field. These contributions are vital.On behalf of Radio Science, AGU, and the scientific community, the Editors and Associate Editors would like to thank everybody who reviewed manuscripts for Radio Science in 2017. Many of those listed below went further and reviewed three or more manuscripts for Radio Science, and they are indicated in italics. Overall, 1,167 reviewers were suggested for the 304 contributed papers in 2017 and the 455 who were eventually used contributed 747 reviews of the manuscripts.Thank you once again to all our reviewers for contributing your valuable time to this essential task. We look forward to a 2018 of exciting advances in our field and communicating those advances to our community and to the broader public.
Global Similarity Method Based on a Two-tier Random Walk for the Prediction of microRNA–Disease Association
Authors: Chen Min , Liao Bo , Li Zejun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) mutation and maladjustment are related to the occurrence and development of human diseases. Studies on disease-associated miRNA have contributed to disease diagnosis and treatment. To address the problems, such as low prediction accuracy and failure to predict the relationship between new miRNAs and diseases and so on, we design a Laplacian score of graphs to calculate the global similarity of networks and propose a Global Similarity method based on a Two-tier Random Walk for the prediction of miRNA–disease association (GSTRW) to reveal the correlation between miRNAs and diseases. This method is a global approach that can simultaneously predict the correlation between all diseases and miRNAs in the absence of negative samples. Experimental results reveal that this method is better than existing approaches in terms of overall prediction accuracy and ability to predict orphan diseases and novel miRNAs. A case study on GSTRW for breast cancer and conlon cancer is also conducted, and the majority of miRNA–disease association can be verified by our experiment. This study indicates that this method is feasible and effective.
Propagation of Disturbances in AC Electricity Grids
Authors: Tamrakar Samyak , Conrath Michael , Kettemann Stefan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe energy transition towards high shares of renewable energy will affect the stability of electricity grids in many ways. Here, we aim to study its impact on propagation of disturbances by solving nonlinear swing equations describing coupled rotating masses of synchronous generators and motors on different grid topologies. We consider a tree, a square grid and as a real grid topology, the german transmission grid. We identify ranges of parameters with different transient dynamics: the disturbance decays exponentially in time, superimposed by oscillations with the fast decay rate of a single node, or with a smaller decay rate without oscillations. Most remarkably, as the grid inertia is lowered, nodes may become correlated, slowing down the propagation from ballistic to diffusive motion, decaying with a power law in time. Applying linear response theory we show that tree grids have a spectral gap leading to exponential relaxation as protected by topology and independent on grid size. Meshed grids are found to have a spectral gap which decreases with increasing grid size, leading to slow power law relaxation and collective diffusive propagation of disturbances. We conclude by discussing consequences if no measures are undertaken to preserve the grid inertia in the energy transition.
Maternal imprinting on cognition markers of wild type and transgenic Alzheimer’s disease model mice
Authors: Zamarbide Marta , Gil-Bea Francisco J. , Bannenberg Paul , Martínez-Pinilla Eva , Sandoval Juan , Franco Rafael , Pérez-Mediavilla Alberto 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe risk of suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is higher in individuals from AD-affected mothers. The purpose of this investigation was to study whether maternal transmission might produce AD-related alterations in progenies of mice that do not have any genotypic alteration. We used cognitively-intact mothers harbouring in heterozygosity the transgene for overexpressing the Swedish double mutant version of the human amyloid precursor protein (hAβPPswe). The phenotype of the offspring with or without the transgene resulting from crossing young Tg2576 females with wild-type males were compared with those of the offspring resulting from crossing wild-type females with Tg2576 males. The hAβPPswe-bearing offspring from Tg2576 mothers showed an aggravated AD-like phenotype. Remarkably, cognitive, immunohistochemical and some biochemical features displayed by Tg2576 heterozygous mice were also found in wild-type animals generated from Tg2576 females. This suggests the existence of a maternal imprinting in the wild-type offspring that confers a greater facility to launch an AD-like neurodegenerative cascade. Such progeny, lacking any mutant amyloid precursor protein, constitutes a novel model to study maternal transmission of AD and, even more important, to discover early risk markers that predispose to the development of AD.
Immunological responses following administration of a genotype 1a/1b/2/3a quadrivalent HCV VLP vaccine
Authors: Christiansen D. , Earnest-Silveira L. , Chua B. , Meuleman P. , Boo I. , Grubor-Bauk B. , Jackson D. C. , Keck Z. Y. , Foung S. K. H. , Drummer H. E. , Gowans E. J. , Torresi J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe significant public health problem of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been partially addressed with the advent of directly acting antiviral agents (DAAs). However, the development of an effective preventative vaccine would have a significant impact on HCV incidence and would represent a major advance towards controlling and possibly eradicating HCV globally. We previously reported a genotype 1a HCV viral-like particle (VLP) vaccine that produced neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and T cell responses to HCV. To advance this approach, we produced a quadrivalent genotype 1a/1b/2a/3a HCV VLP vaccine to produce broader immune responses. We show that this quadrivalent vaccine produces antibody and NAb responses together with strong T and B cell responses in vaccinated mice. Moreover, selective neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) targeting conserved antigenic domain B and D epitopes of the E2 protein bound strongly to the HCV VLPs, suggesting that these critical epitopes are expressed on the surface of the particles. Our findings demonstrate that a quadrivalent HCV VLP based vaccine induces broad humoral and cellular immune responses that will be necessary for protection against HCV. Such a vaccine could provide a substantial addition to highly active antiviral drugs in eliminating HCV.
Author Correction: The EphA2 receptor is activated through induction of distinct, ligand-dependent oligomeric structures
Authors: Singh Deo R. , Kanvinde Pranjali , King Christopher , Pasquale Elena B. , Hristova Kalina 
Published: April 2018

The original published version of the paper contained labelling errors in Figures 1 and 5. The x-axis of Figure 1e was incorrectly labelled as “Receptors . μm2” instead of “Receptors . μm−2”. The figure key in Figure 5b incorrectly labelled the blue circles as “Wild-type” and the purple circles as “+m-ephrinA1”. The correct labels are blue: “Wild-type+m-ephrinA1” and purple: “Wild-type, no ligand.” The original version also contained a typesetting error in Table 1. The values in the second row, rightmost column, were not all set in bold text as required. The errors do not impact the conclusions in the main text of the paper. These errors have been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the paper.
Characterization and optimization of two-chain folding pathways of insulin via native chain assembly
Authors: Arai Kenta , Takei Toshiki , Shinozaki Reina , Noguchi Masato , Fujisawa Shouta , Katayama Hidekazu , Moroder Luis , Ando Setsuko , Okumura Masaki , Inaba Kenji , Hojo Hironobu , Iwaoka Michio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUntil recently the total synthesis of insulin, with its characteristic heterodimeric structure crosslinked by two interchain and one intrachain disulfide (SS) bridge, remained largely an unsolved challenge. By optimizing the synthesis and directed disulfide crosslinking of the two chains, and by applying biomimetic monocomponent proinsulin approaches, efficient insulin syntheses have been realized. Here we report the optimization and characterisation of an alternative strategy, oxidative native chain assembly. In this method unprotected A- and B-chains assemble oxidatively under thermodynamic control to afford bovine pancreatic insulin in 39% yield. Folding is found to proceed predominantly via structured 1SS* and 2SS* intermediates with a common interchain CysA20‒CysB19 disulfide. These results suggest that native chain assembly, long considered inefficient, may represent a reasonable strategy to access insulin variants. This is supported by the synthesis of human insulin and human type-II relaxin in yields of up to 49 and 47%, respectively, although the application to human insulin ValA16 variant is unsuccessful.
Children's Acoustic and Linguistic Adaptations to Peers With Hearing Impairment
Authors: Granlund Sonia , Hazan Valerie , Mahon Merle 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This study aims to examine the clear speaking strategies used by older children when interacting with a peer with hearing loss, focusing on both acoustic and linguistic adaptations in speech.

Method
The Grid task, a problem-solving task developed to elicit spontaneous interactive speech, was used to obtain a range of global acoustic and linguistic measures. Eighteen 9- to 14-year-old children with normal hearing (NH) performed the task in pairs, once with a friend with NH and once with a friend with a hearing impairment (HI).

Results
In HI-directed speech, children increased their fundamental frequency range and midfrequency intensity, decreased the number of words per phrase, and expanded their vowel space area by increasing F1 and F2 range, relative to NH-directed speech. However, participants did not appear to make changes to their articulation rate, the lexical frequency of content words, or lexical diversity when talking to their friend with HI compared with their friend with NH.

Conclusions
Older children show evidence of listener-oriented adaptations to their speech production; although their speech production systems are still developing, they are able to make speech adaptations to benefit the needs of a peer with HI, even without being given a specific instruction to do so.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6118817
Use of Textured Thin Liquids in Patients With Dysphagia
Authors: Howard Melissa M. , Nissenson Paul M. , Meeks Lauren , Rosario Emily R. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The goals of this article are to explore the use of textured thin liquids for dysphagic patients who require thickened liquids and to illustrate their impact on hydration and patient satisfaction.

Method
A retrospective evaluation of textured thin liquids was completed using patient data looking at laboratory values relevant to the detection of dehydration (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium) and patient satisfaction (using a clinician-generated questionnaire) on different modified liquid textures. In addition, the viscosity for all liquids was tested using a rheometer.

Results
Measurements show that the viscosity of the textured thin liquids examined in this pilot study are significantly lower than the viscosity of nectar-thick liquids and fall within the “thin” category as defined by the National Dysphagia Diet guidelines. Patients on honey- and nectar-thick liquids had laboratory values signifying dehydration, whereas those receiving the textured thin liquid consistency were within the normal range for all laboratory values. Importantly, when consuming textured thin liquids, patients reported significant improvement in their satisfaction related to their thirst.

Conclusion
The results of this pilot study highlight the consequences of common thickened liquid dietary recommendations and of the potentially beneficial clinical application of textured thin liquids for patients with dysphagia as well as the need for future prospective research.
Heart and ____ or Give and ____? An Exploration of Variables That Influence Binomial Completion for Individuals With and Without Aphasia
Authors: Eaton Catherine Torrington , Newman Rochelle S. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The goal of this research was to institute an evidence base behind commonly used elicitation materials known as binomials (e.g., “day and night”) that are commonly used for persons with aphasia (PWAs). The study explored a number of linguistic variables that could influence successful binomial completion in nonaphasic adults and PWAs.

Method
Thirty nonaphasic adults and 11 PWAs were asked to verbally complete 128 binomials; responses were scored by accuracy and reaction time. Binomials were coded according to the following independent variables: frequency of usage, phonological (e.g., alliteration, rhyme) and semantic (i.e., antonymy) relationships, grammatical category of the response, and number of plausible binomial completions.

Results
Regression analyses demonstrated that, for both groups, greater accuracy was predicted by presence of antonymy and absence of a phonological relationship. Though reaction time models differed between groups, items that elicited a greater number of response options led to longer latencies across participants.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that clinicians consider antonymy as well as the number of plausible responses for a given prompt when adapting the level of difficulty for their clients. Results also contribute to broader interdisciplinary research on how automatic language is processed in adults with and without neurogenic communication disorder.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6030806
Insights Into Oropharyngeal Dysphagia From Administrative Data and Clinical Registries: A Literature Review
Authors: Bartlett Rebecca S. , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe call for data-driven health care has been bolstered by the digitization of medical records, quality initiatives, and payment reform. Administrative databases and clinical registries are increasingly being used to study oropharyngeal dysphagia and to facilitate data-driven decision making. The objective of this work was to summarize key findings, etiologies studied, data sources used, study objectives, and quality of evidence of all original research articles that have investigated oropharyngeal dysphagia or aspiration pneumonia using administrative or clinical registry data to date.MethodA literature search was completed in MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar (January 1, 1990, to February 1, 2017). Each study that met inclusion criteria was rated for quality of evidence on a 5-point scale.ResultsEighty-four research articles were included in the final analysis (n= 221–1,649,871). Over the past 20 years, the number of new publications in this area has quintupled. Most of the administrative database and clinical registry studies of dysphagia have been retrospective cohort studies and cross-sectional studies and limited to quality of evidence levels of 3–4. In these studies, much has been learned about risk factors for dysphagia and pneumonia in defined populations and health care costs and usage. Little has been gleaned from these studies regarding swallowing physiology or dysphagia management.ConclusionsInvestigators are just beginning to develop the methods to study oropharyngeal dysphagia using administrative data and clinical registries. Future research is needed in all areas, from the fundamental issue of how to identify individuals with dysphagia with high sensitivity in these data sets to evaluating treatment effectiveness.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6066515
Examining Acoustic and Kinematic Measures of Articulatory Working Space: Effects of Speech Intensity
Authors: Whitfield Jason A. , Dromey Christopher , Palmer Panika 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of speech intensity on acoustic and kinematic vowel space measures and conduct a preliminary examination of the relationship between kinematic and acoustic vowel space metrics calculated from continuously sampled lingual marker and formant traces.

Method
Young adult speakers produced 3 repetitions of 2 different sentences at 3 different loudness levels. Lingual kinematic and acoustic signals were collected and analyzed. Acoustic and kinematic variants of several vowel space metrics were calculated from the formant frequencies and the position of 2 lingual markers. Traditional metrics included triangular vowel space area and the vowel articulation index. Acoustic and kinematic variants of sentence-level metrics based on the articulatory–acoustic vowel space and the vowel space hull area were also calculated.

Results
Both acoustic and kinematic variants of the sentence-level metrics significantly increased with an increase in loudness, whereas no statistically significant differences in traditional vowel-point metrics were observed for either the kinematic or acoustic variants across the 3 loudness conditions. In addition, moderate-to-strong relationships between the acoustic and kinematic variants of the sentence-level vowel space metrics were observed for the majority of participants.

Conclusions
These data suggest that both kinematic and acoustic vowel space metrics that reflect the dynamic contributions of both consonant and vowel segments are sensitive to within-speaker changes in articulation associated with manipulations of speech intensity.
Stability of digital feedback control systems
Authors: Larkin Eugene , Bogomolov Alexey , Feofilov Sergey 
Published: April 2018

Specific problems arising, when Von Neumann type computer is used as feedback element, are considered. It is shown, that due to specifics of operation this element introduce pure lag into control loop, and lag time depends on complexity of algorithm of control. Method of evaluation of runtime between reading data from sensors of object under control and write out data to actuator based on the theory of semi- Markov process is proposed. Formulae for time characteristics estimation are obtained.Lag time characteristics are used for investigation of stability of linear systems. Digital PID controller is divided onto linear part, which is realized with a soft and pure lag unit, which is realized with both hardware and software. With use notions amplitude and phase margins, condition for stability of system functioning are obtained. Theoretical results are confirm with computer experiment carried out on the third-order system.