bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of close-in super-Earths in evolving protoplanetary disks due to disk winds
Authors: Ogihara Masahiro , Kokubo Eiichiro , Suzuki Takeru K. , Morbidelli Alessandro 
Published: March 2018

Context. Planets with masses larger than about 0.1 M⊕ undergo rapid inward migration (type I migration) in a standard protoplanetary disk. Recent magnetohydrodynamical simulations revealed the presence of magnetically driven disk winds, which would alter the disk profile and the type I migration in the close-in region.
Aims. We investigate orbital evolution of planetary embryos in disks that viscously evolve under the effects of disk winds. The aim is to discuss effects of altered disk profiles on type I migration. In addition, we aim to examine whether observed distributions of close-in super-Earths can be reproduced by simulations that include effects of disk winds.
Methods. We perform N-body simulations of super-Earth formation from planetary embryos, in which a recent model for disk evolution is used. We explore a wide range of parameters and draw general trends. We also carry out N-body simulations of close-in super-Earth formation from embryos in such disks under various conditions.
Results. We find that the type I migration is significantly suppressed in many cases. Even in cases in which inward migration occurs, the migration timescale is lengthened to 1 Myr, which mitigates the type I migration problem. This is because the gas surface density is decreased and has a flatter profile in the close-in region due to disk winds. We find that when the type I migration is significantly suppressed, planets undergo late orbital instability during the gas depletion, leading to a non-resonant configuration. We also find that observed distributions of close-in super-Earths (e.g., period ratio, mass ratio) can be reproduced. In addition, we show that in some results of simulations, systems with a chain of resonant planets, like the TRAPPIST-1 system, form.
Research on power consumption of screw press for pressing of oil from rape seed
Authors: Kovalyshyn Stepan , Tomyuk Vasyl 
Published: March 2018

The work highlights the analysis of the influence of technological and structural parameters of the screw press, namely the step of the turns of the screw shaft of its speed and the area of openings for the removal of cake on the energy parameters of the process of oil expression.
Based on the results of the multifactorial experiment, regression dependence allows us to estimate the influence of the parameters and operating modes of the screw press on the power consumption of the screw press and can be used in the process of synthesis and modeling of machines intended for pressing of vegetable oils from oil-containing raw materials. The surfaces of the response of the dependence of the power consumption of the screw press from the area of the openings for the removal of the cake as well as the step of the turns and the speed of the screw shaft have been constructed.
Providing the following parameters of the pressing process: turn pitch of the auger shaft X10 = 21.8 mm; area of openings for oil cake withdrawal X20 = 107.99 mm2; rotation frequency of the auger shaft X30 = 5.12 min -1, the power consumption of the screw press will be 170 W, ensuring the maximum yield of oil q = 36%.
Influence of fineness level and applied agglomeration pressure of peppermint herb (Mentha piperita L.) on the mechanical properties of the obtained product
Authors: Sadowskaʼ Urszula , Żabiński Andrzej , Mudryk Krzysztof 
Published: March 2018

The objective of the conducted study was to evaluate the impact of the pressure agglomeration process of peppermint herb on the mechanical properties of the obtained product. The separated fractions of peppermint with 0.5-2.5 and 2.5-5 mm particles were compacted using a hydraulic press Fritz Heckert EU 20, with pressure 50, 100, 150 and 200 MPa. A closed matrix with the compression chamber diameter of 15.6 mm was used. Every time, a 2-g herb sample (corresponding to the weight of tea used for the production of tea bags) was poured into the matrix. Thus, compacted herb in the form of a straight cylinder was obtained. When producing the agglomerate compaction work was determined. Strength tests of the obtained agglomerate were conducted using the MTS Insight 2 testing machine. The density of the produced agglomerate, its compaction level and strength in the Brazilian test was calculated.
The obtained results indicate that the values of the tested parameters increase with the increase of pressure in the tested range, yet differences occur between the tested herb fractions. Typically, the agglomerate produced from 0.5-2.5 mm fraction is characterized by a greater density, and the higher level of agglomerate compaction is obtained using 2.5-5 mm herb fraction. The highest strength determined using Brazilian test was determined for agglomerate produced from 0.5-5 mm peppermint herb fraction at 200 MPa pressure and 0.5-2.5 mm fraction using 150 and 200 MPa pressure.
Strategies in Development and Delivery of Nanotechnology Based Cosmetic Products
Authors: Ahmad Usama , Ahmad Zeeshan , Khan Ahmed , Akhtar Juber , Singh Satya , Ahmad Farhan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe science of formulation involving cosmetic ingredients has always been a challenge since the release of active components greatly depends upon the carrier system involved and the selectivity of skin barrier. The principle obstacle of the skin resides in the epidermis and it’s hard for many active components to cross it. The formulation related factors like size of particles, viscosity and lipophilicity of the components also play an important role in permeation of the dermal composition. Though widely used; conventional creams and gels still struggle in terms of success. This work focuses on nano based formulation strategies for successful delivery of cosmetic agents. Novel strategies like nanoemulsion, nanogels, liposomes, aquasomes, niosomes, dendrimers and fullerenes have paved way for successful delivery of dermal formulations to desire depths in the skin.
Good Agreement Between Transabdominal and Endoscopic Ultrasound of the Pancreas in Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Engjom Trond , Pham Khahn Do-Chong , Erchinger Friedemann , Haldorsen Ingfrid Salvesen , Gilja Odd Helge , Dimcevski Georg , Havre Roald Flesland 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose We aimed to evaluate the agreement of single criteria and dedicated scores from transabdominal ultrasound of the pancreas (US) compared to standards by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and computed tomography (CT).
Materials and Methods In this observational cohort study performed in a tertiary care center, US and EUS were performed in 110 patients referred for suspected CP. Based on the Mayo score, 52 patients were diagnosed with CP. The sonographic findings obtained by both methods were registered. The number of criteria was counted and scored according to the Rosemont score.
Results Agreement between the number of detected US and EUS criteria was substantial (ICC = 0.74 [0.61–0.83]. Adding Rosemont weighting improved the agreement (ICC = 0.88 [0.81–0.92]). Regarding individual criteria, the agreement was substantial for the detection of calcifications (κ = 0.86) and moderate for cysts and irregular or dilated pancreatic duct (κ = 0.42–0.58). Agreement for the other criteria was poorer (κ≤ 0.40). The diagnostic performance indices [95 % CI] of US for diagnosing CP (using Mayo score as reference standard) were for the unweighted score: Sensitivity: 0.65 [0.51–0.78], specificity: 0.97 [0.87–1.00]; and for Rosemont score: Sensitivity: 0.75 [0.61–0.86], specificity: 0.95 [0.83–0.99].
Conclusion The agreement between US and EUS for the unweighted and weighted scores was substantial. For the features calcifications, cysts and main pancreatic duct (MPD) changes, agreement was moderate to substantial. For the other detected US criteria, the agreement with EUS was too poor to be clinically relevant.
Selection of Candidates for Lung Transplantation and Controversial Issues
Authors: Merlo Christian , Orens Jonathan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLung transplantation is a widely accepted treatment to manage the advanced stages of many lung diseases that have failed to respond to all other therapeutic interventions. There have been ever-expanding indications for lung transplantation as a treatment for lung disease. The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) updated guidelines for candidate selection in 2014. This document was published to serve as a guide in selecting appropriate candidates for lung transplantation. Ideal candidates for lung transplantation are those with near-end stage disease, limited life expectancy due to their lung disease, and who experience significant loss in quality of life. At the same time, candidates should be free of significant comorbidities that might negatively impact successful transplantation. Despite well thought out published guidelines for candidate selection, many controversial issues surrounding selection of lung transplant candidates remain. This review will focus on some of the more common controversial issues and explain how most centers approach these issues when choosing candidates for lung transplantation.
Donation after Brain Death versus Donation after Circulatory Death: Lung Donor Management Issues
Authors: Levvey Bronwyn , Levin Kovi , Paraskeva Miranda , Westall Glen , Snell Gregory 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLung transplantation (LTx) has traditionally been limited by a lack of suitable donor lungs. With the recognition that lungs are more robust than initially thought, the size of the donor pool of available lungs has increased dramatically in the past decade. Donation after brain death (DBD) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) lungs, both ideal and extended are now routinely utilized. DBD lungs can be damaged. There are important differences in the public's understanding, legal and consent processes, intensive care unit strategies, lung pathophysiology, logistics, and potential-to-actual donor conversion rates between DBD and DCD. Notwithstanding, the short- and long-term outcomes of LTx from any of these DBD versus DCD donor scenarios are now similar, robust, and continue to improve. Large audits suggest there remains a large untapped pool of DCD (but not DBD) lungs that may yet further dramatically increase lung transplant numbers. Donor scoring systems that might predict the donor conversion rates and lung quality, the role of ex vivo lung perfusion as an assessment and lung resuscitation tool, as well as the potential of donor lung quality biomarkers all have immense promise for the clinical field.
The Human Respiratory Microbiome: Implications and Impact
Authors: Mitchell Alicia , Glanville Allan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOnce considered a sterile site below the larynx, the tracheobronchial tree and parenchyma of the lungs are now known to harbor a rich diversity of microbial species including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea. Many of these organisms, particularly the viruses which comprise the human respiratory virome, have not been identified, so their true role is unknown. It seems logical to conclude that a “healthy” respiratory microbiome exists which may be modified in disease states and perhaps by therapies such as antibiotics, antifungals, and antiviral treatments. It is likely that there is a critical relationship or equilibrium between components of the microbiome until such time as perturbations occur which lead to a state of dysbiosis or an “unhealthy” microbiome. The act of lung transplantation provides an extreme change to an individual's respiratory microbiome as, in effect, the donor respiratory microbiome is transplanted into the recipient. The mandatory ex-vivo period of the donor lungs appears to be associated with blooms of resident viral species in particular. Subsequently, allograft injury, rejection, and immune suppressive therapy all combine to create periods of dysbiosis which when combined with transient infections such as community acquired respiratory viruses may facilitate the development of chronic allograft dysfunction in predisposed individuals. As our understanding of the respiratory microbiome is rapidly expanding, based on the use of new-generation sequencing tools in particular, it is to be hoped that insights gained into the subtle relationship between the microbiome and the lung allograft will facilitate improved outcomes by directing novel therapeutic endeavors.
How Should Lungs Be Allocated for Transplant?
Authors: Egan Thomas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs lung transplantation became established therapy for end-stage lung disease, there were not nearly enough suitable lungs from brain-dead organ donors to meet the need, leading to a focus on how lungs are allocated for transplant. Originally lungs were allocated by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) like hearts—by waiting time, first to listed recipients in the organ procurement organization of the donor, then to potential recipients in concentric 500 nautical mile circles. This resulted in long waiting times and increasing waitlist deaths. In 1999, the Health Resources and Services Administration published a Final Rule, requesting UNOS to review organ allocation algorithms to ensure that they complied with the desire to allocate organs based on urgency, avoiding futile transplants, and minimizing the role of waiting time in organ allocation. This led to development of the lung allocation score (LAS), which allocates lungs based on urgency and transplant benefit, introduced in 2005. The U.S. LAS system was adopted by Eurotransplant to allocate unused lungs between donor countries, and by both Germany and the Netherlands for lung allocation in their countries. This article will review the history of lung allocation, discuss the impact of LAS and its shortcomings, suggest recommendations to increase the number of lungs for transplant, and improve allocation of donated lungs. Ultimately, the goal of organ transplant research is to have so many organs to transplant that allocation systems are unnecessary.
Liberal versus Indicated Maternal Oxygen Supplementation in Labor: A Before-and-After Trial
Authors: Blackwell Sean , Alrais Mesk , Amro Farah , Wiley Rachel , Heale Patricia , Hutchinson Maria , Sibai Baha , Ankumah Nana-Ama 
Published: March 2018

Background Although supplemental oxygen (SO2) is routinely administered to laboring gravidas, benefits and harms are not well studied.
Objective This article compares strategies of liberal versus indicated SO2 therapy during labor on cesarean delivery (CD) rate and neonatal outcomes.
Study Design A controlled, before-and-after trial of laboring women with term, singleton pregnancies. During an initial 8-week period, maternal SO2 was administered at the discretion of the provider followed by an 8-week period where SO2 was to be given only for protocol indications.
Results Our study included 844 women. There was no difference in number of women receiving SO2 (53% liberal vs. 50% indicated; p = 0.33). For those receiving SO2, there was no difference in SO2 duration (median, 89 minutes [interquartile range, 42–172] vs. 87 minutes [36–152]; p = 0.42). There were no differences in overall CD rate (20% vs. 17%; p = 0.70), CD for nonreassuring fetal status, or use of intrauterine resuscitative measures. There were more 5-minute APGAR < 7 in the indicated group, but no difference in umbilical artery pH < 7.1 or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.
Conclusion Approximately half of women receive SO2 intrapartum regardless of a strategy of liberal or indicated oxygen use. There were no clinically significant differences in outcomes between strategies.
A Neurenteric Cyst Presenting as a Brainstem Tumor: Imaging and Clinical Findings
Authors: Subramanian Subramanian , Greene Stephanie , Rajan Deepa , Kofler Julia , Zuccoli Giulio , Ly Juan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn 11-year-old girl presented with vomiting, nystagmus, and ataxia. MRI showed a partially enhancing medulla oblongata lesion and an adjacent nonenhancing cystic exophytic lesion. An exophytic brainstem tumor was suspected. Histologically, the lesion was identified as a neurenteric cyst (NC). On retrospective review, the NC was connected to the brainstem by a subtle sinus tract. This led to brainstem inflammation which reversed once the cyst was resected. We describe an unreported case of a patient with a NC at the craniocervical junction connected to the brainstem through a sinus tract and discuss the possible embryological abnormality and imaging features.
Identifying psychological responses of stigmatized groups to referendums
Authors: Flores Andrew R. , Hatzenbuehler Mark L. , Gates Gary J. 
Published: March 2018

SignificanceVoter initiatives and referendums concerning the rights of marginalized groups are utilized in 27 states, but research on the psychosocial consequences of these initiatives is underdeveloped. This research combines official records of televised advertisements from same-sex marriage campaigns with psychological outcomes among a probabilistic sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. A novel design assesses advertisement effects on LGBT people unlikely affected by these campaigns in other ways, providing unbiased estimates. Greater ad exposure was associated with more stress among LGBT respondents; negative ads evoked sadness, whereas positive ads evoked enjoyment and happiness. No associations were observed among non-LGBT respondents. Voter referendums thus represent a source of minority stress and resilience for marginalized groups.
The opportunity cost of animal based diets exceeds all food losses
Authors: Shepon Alon , Eshel Gidon , Noor Elad , Milo Ron 
Published: March 2018

SignificanceWith a third of all food production lost via leaky supply chains or spoilage, food loss is a key contributor to global food insecurity. Demand for resource-intensive animal-based food further limits food availability. In this paper, we show that plant-based replacements for each of the major animal categories in the United States (beef, pork, dairy, poultry, and eggs) can produce twofold to 20-fold more nutritionally similar food per unit cropland. Replacing all animal-based items with plant-based replacement diets can add enough food to feed 350 million additional people, more than the expected benefits of eliminating all supply chain food loss.
Kv4.2 autism and epilepsy mutation enhances inactivation of closed channels but impairs access to inactivated state after opening
Authors: Lin Meng-chin A. , Cannon Stephen C. , Papazian Diane M. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Neuronal somatodendritic A-type potassium channels inactivate without opening in response to subthreshold depolarizations. Closed-state inactivation dynamically modulates excitability and regulates changes in synaptic strength. A mutation, V404M, in the Kv4.2 channel subunit is associated with infant-onset epilepsy and autism. Surprisingly, V404M enhances inactivation of channels that have not opened but dramatically impairs inactivation after opening. We show that increased side-chain volume is largely responsible for these seemingly paradoxical effects. Our results support the conclusion that open channels must close before inactivating and in contrast to previous proposals, suggest that voltage sensor and pore domains of the channel do not dissociate during inactivation. We propose that disruption of closed-state inactivation underlies epilepsy and autism in affected individuals.
Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015
Authors: Klein Eili Y. , Van Boeckel Thomas P. , Martinez Elena M. , Pant Suraj , Gandra Sumanth , Levin Simon A. , Goossens Herman , Laxminarayan Ramanan 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Antibiotic resistance, driven by antibiotic consumption, is a growing global health threat. Our report on antibiotic use in 76 countries over 16 years provides an up-to-date comprehensive assessment of global trends in antibiotic consumption. We find that the antibiotic consumption rate in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been converging to (and in some countries surpassing) levels typically observed in high-income countries. However, inequities in drug access persist, as many LMICs continue to be burdened with high rates of infectious disease-related mortality and low rates of antibiotic consumption. Our findings emphasize the need for global surveillance of antibiotic consumption to support policies to reduce antibiotic consumption and resistance while providing access to these lifesaving drugs.
South American monsoon response to iceberg discharge in the North Atlantic
Authors: Stríkis Nicolás M. , Cruz Francisco W. , Barreto Eline A. S. , Naughton Filipa , Vuille Mathias , Cheng Hai , Voelker Antje H. L. , Zhang Haiwei , Karmann Ivo , Edwards R. Lawrence , Auler Augusto S. , Santos Roberto Ventura , Sales Hamilton Reis 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Here, we present a precisely dated speleothem record of South American monsoon precipitation covering the period encompassed by the last six Heinrich Stadials. Our monsoon record allows us to determine the timing of regional hydroclimatic expression of Heinrich Stadials over tropical lowland South America. By comparing our record with sea-surface temperature reconstructions from the subtropical North Atlantic, our results provide evidence connecting South American monsoon precipitation and methane release with the events of iceberg discharge depicted by the deposits of ice-rafted detritus. These results are relevant to climate modelers and paleoclimatologists interested in abrupt climate change, tropical–extratropical climate teleconnections, and paleo-reconstructions of the monsoon and the tropical hydrologic cycle.
MDMX acidic domain inhibits p53 DNA binding in vivo and regulates tumorigenesis
Authors: Huang Qingling , Chen Lihong , Yang Leixiang , Xie Xiaoling , Gan Lin , Cleveland John L. , Chen Jiandong 
Published: March 2018

Significance
MDMX is an important regulator of p53 during embryonic development and malignant transformation. Using a combination of mouse knockin model, cell culture, and biochemical analysis, we demonstrate that the MDMX acidic domain interacts with the p53 DNA-binding domain and inhibits p53 DNA binding in the test tube and in tissues. This interaction is important for regulating p53 transcriptional activity and tumor suppressor function under physiological conditions. Furthermore, the results suggest that the MDMX acidic domain has p53-independent function that inhibits the progression of Myc-mediated lymphomas. The study provides physiological evidence on the mechanism of p53 regulation by MDMX, and identifies the structural basis for novel MDMX activities that warrants future investigation.
Lévy flight movements prevent extinctions and maximize population abundances in fragile Lotka–Volterra systems
Authors: Dannemann Teodoro , Boyer Denis , Miramontes Octavio 
Published: March 2018

Significance
The ubiquity of scale-free mobility in nature, as observed in systems ranging from microorganisms to fishing boats, has stimulated a number of foraging theories and individual-based random search models. Here, we unveil an essential yet unexplored property of multiple-scale motion, which relates to the stability of entire populations. We use Lotka–Volterra models to predict that foragers diffusing normally tend to go extinct in fragile fragmented ecosystems, whereas their populations become resilient to degraded conditions and have maximized abundances when individuals perform scale-free Lévy flights. Our analytical and simulated results shift the scope of multiple-scale foraging from the individual level to the scales of collective phenomena that are of primary interest in conservation biology.