bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic Characteristics of Fatty Pancreas
Authors: Jaghutriz Benjamin Assad , Wagner Róbert , Heni Martin , Lehmann Rainer , Machann Jürgen , Stefan Norbert , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Fritsche Andreas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective Pancreatic steatosis is associated with impaired beta cell function in patients with prediabetes. The pathomechanisms underlying this association still remain to be elucidated. Recent data show that adipocytes are situated within the pancreatic parenchyma and therefore give raise to hypothesize that pancreatic fat together with known and unknown metabolites such as hepatokines affect insulin secretion. Applying a targeted metabolomic approach we investigated possible circulating markers of pancreatic fat in order to better understand its role in the pathophysiology of impaired beta cell function.Methods We included 361 Caucasians, at increased risk of type 2 diabetes, from the Tübingen Family Study. All participants underwent a frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test to assess insulin secretion and a magnetic resonance imaging to quantify pancreatic fat content, total body fat and visceral fat. Among the 152 subjects with prediabetes (IFG and/or IGT), two groups each with 20 individuals, having the lowest and highest pancreatic fat content were selected. The groups were matched for sex, age, BMI, total fat content, visceral fat content, liver fat content and insulin sensitivity. Metabolites were analyzed using the AbsoluteIDQ® p400 HR Kit by Biocrates.Results Pancreatic fat content of all 152 subjects with prediabetes was negatively associated with insulin secretion represented by AUCC-peptide 0–120/AUCGlucose 0–120 (p=0.04; β=− 3.24). Furthermore, pancreatic fat content was positively associated with BMI, total body and visceral fat (all p<0.005). Levels of aminoacids, biogenic amines and monosaccharides were similar between the groups with high/low pancreatic fat content (p>0.90). Also, levels of polar lipids such as lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins and ceramides did not differ significantly between the groups (p>0.90). Investigating the levels of neutral lipids such as aclycarnitines, diglycerides, triglycerides and cholesteryl esters also revealed no differences between the groups (p>0.90).Conclusion The amount of pancreatic fat is not associated with the metabolomic pattern in individuals with prediabetes. This might be due to the relatively low pancreatic fat content compared to the total amount of fat stored in other depots. The impact of pancreatic steatosis on insulin secretion might be mediated by paracrine effects which cannot be detected in the circulation.
Can Simulation Based-Team Training Impact Bedside Teamwork in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit?
Authors: Colman Nora , Figueroa Janet , McCracken Courtney , Hebbar Kiran B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEffective teamwork performance is essential to the delivery of high-quality and safe patient care. In this mixed methodological observational cohort study, we evaluated team performance immediately following a real medical crisis in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) following implementation of a simulation-based team training (SBTT) program. Comparison of teamwork skills when rated by study observers demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in 12 out of 15 composite teamwork skills during real emergency events following SBTT (p < 0.05). Pre- and post-SBTT intervention survey data demonstrated an improvement in the perception of teamwork, most notable in the area of shared mental model and situational awareness following SBTT. Study results suggest that teamwork behaviors and skills acquired during SBTT can translate into improved bedside performance in the PICU.
Korean L2 learners’ perception and production of Vietnamese tones
Authors: Đào Đích Mục , Nguyễn Anh-Thư T. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the production and perception of Vietnamese tones by Korean second language (L2) learners
[n = 11], comparing their performance in an Imitation task to that in Identification and Read-Aloud tasks.
The results showed that the Imitation task was generally easier for Korean speakers than the Identification and Read-Aloud tasks,
suggesting that imitation was performed without some of the skills required by the other two tasks. The result on tonal F0 range
and speakers’ tonal range showed that the Korean leaners have significantly narrower tonal F0 range than control Vietnamese
speakers [n = 11]. The results of error pattern analysis and tonal transcription in this study also suggested the
effects of phonetic realizations of lexical tones in Vietnamese that are in interaction with language transfer from Korean
phonology.
Introduction
Authors: Howard Martin , Ågren Malin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis introduction to the special issue presents a brief overview of the phonological phenomenon of liaison in French, drawing on the morphosyntactic contexts of its use by native speakers. We outline previous research on liaison in second language acquisition, focusing on the challenges this phenomenon presents to learner comprehension and production, and on major findings in each area. We then present a synopsis of the articles in this special issue, which highlight key questions with regard to the development of this phonological feature in the learners’ French.
The emergence of speech segmentation in adult L2 learners of French
Authors: Shoemaker Ellenor M. , Wauquier Sophie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe beginning stages of speech segmentation in a second language (L2) have received little attention to date. The literature on L2 phonological acquisition tends to focus on learner populations who have access to discrete (orthographic) forms through exposure to the L2 in a classroom setting. Specifically, the existing literature on L2 acquisition of French liaison holds that the processing of liaison is greatly influenced by orthographic representations and that L1 and L2 phonological learning subsequently follow distinctly different developmental paths. We present data suggesting that more naturalistic L2 learners, who have had little formal L2 instruction and whose exposure is primarily oral, process liaison employing strategies previously observed only in children learning L1 French, calling into question the assumption that L1 and L2 phonological acquisition differ fundamentally and suggesting rather that phonological development depends on both the quality and quantity of the input to which the L2 learner is exposed.
PKCα promotes insulin secretion via TRPC1 phosphorylation in INS-1E cells
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhang Wei , Cui Wei , Shi Bingyin , Wang Huifang 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTProtein kinase C (PKC) is a class of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases that contribute to cell survival, migration, and invasion. Previous studies demonstrated that PKC participates in insulin secretion. However, the role of PKC in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that PKC is an important mediator of insulin secretion and revealed a close relationship between PKC activation and insulin secretion in INS-1E cells. Meanwhile, the presence of PKCα was found to induce TRPC1 phosphorylation in INS-1E cells. TRPC1 phosphorylation levels increased by activating PKCα activity. Inhibition of PKCα activity reduced TRPC1 phosphorylation. Finally, we showed that TRPC1 could reverse the decrease in intracellular Ca2+ levels and reduced insulin secretion induced by treatment with PKCα inhibitor under high glucose conditions. In conclusion, our findings indicated that TRPC1 and PKCα are involved in promoting insulin secretion and that PKCα promotes insulin secretion via TRPC1 phosphorylation in INS-1E cells.
Phage display screening of TIGIT-specific antibody for antitumor immunotherapy
Authors: Li Daoyuan , Hu Siyi , Fan Qinglin , Bao Wenying , Zhou Wei , Xu Ting , Ye Taohong , Liu Hao , Song Lihua 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
The fully synthetic humanized phage antibody library has the advantages including the minimized immunogenicity, which frequently happened in hybridoma cell-based antibody production. In this paper, using the constructed diverse complementarity determining region gene library and the germline gene as the backbone, we constructed eight single-chain antibody libraries and a combinatorial antibody library with a big capacity of 1.41 × 1010. M13EEA helper phage that was engineered from M13KO7 was applied to prepare phage antibody library. The eukaryotic expression of T-cell immune receptor with Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) antigen was used as a target antigen for screening. The screening of antigen-specific single-chain Fc-fused protein was performed through evaluation of binding affinity based on ELISA analysis. The IgG antibody was prepared with the screened single-chain protein. Finally, the CB3 antibody was screened out which exhibits the highest binding affinity with TIGIT with the Kd value of 8.155 × 10−10 M.
Comparison of a simple hydrostatic and a data-intensive 3D numerical modeling method of simulating sea-level rise induced groundwater inundation for Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA
Authors: Habel Shellie , Fletcher Charles H , Rotzoll Kolja , El-Kadi Aly I , Oki Delwyn S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Groundwater inundation (GWI) is a particularly challenging consequence of sea-level rise (SLR), as it progressively inundates infrastructure located above and below the ground surface. Paths of flooding by GWI differ from other types of SLR flooding (i.e., wave overwash, storm-drain backflow) such that it is more difficult to mitigate, and thus requires a separate set of highly innovative adaptation strategies to manage. To spur consideration of GWI in planning, data-intensive numerical modeling methods have been developed that produce locally specific visualizations of GWI, though the accessibility of such methods is limited by extensive data requirements. Conversely, the hydrostatic (or ‘bathtub’) modeling approach is widely used in adaptation planning owing to easily accessed visualizations (i.e., NOAA SLR Viewer), yet its capacity to simulate GWI has never been tested. Given the separate actions necessary to mitigate GWI relative to marine overwash, this is a significant gap. Here we compare a simple hydrostatic modeling method with a more deterministic, dynamic and robust 3D numerical modeling approach to explore the effectiveness of the hydrostatic method in simulating equilibrium aquifer effects of multi-decadal sea-level rise, and in turn GWI for Honolulu, Hawai’i. We find hydrostatic modeling in the Honolulu area and likely other settings may yield similar results to numerical modeling when referencing the local mean higher-high water tide datum (generally typical of flood studies). These findings have the potential to spur preliminary understanding of GWI impacts in municipalities that lack the required data to conduct rigorous groundwater-modeling investigations. We note that the methods explored here for Honolulu do not simulate dynamic coastal processes (i.e., coastal erosion, sediment accretion or changes in land cover) and thus are most appropriately applied to regions that host heavily armored shorelines behind which GWI can develop.
Aptness of Fiction-Directed Emotions
Authors: Song Moonyoung 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
I argue that the criteria governing the aptness of emotions directed towards fictional entities, such as characters and events in fiction, are structurally identical to the criteria governing the aptness of emotions directed towards real entities in the following sense: in both cases, aptness is characterized in terms of fittingness, justification, and being salience-tracking, and each of these notions is understood in an analogous way across reality- and fiction-directed emotions. The only differences are that, in the case of fiction-directed emotions, fictional truth rather than truth is relevant to fittingness, and salience in the context of engaging with the fiction replaces salience in the real context. Other asymmetries between the aptness criteria of fiction- and reality-directed emotions that seem to conflict with this claim are reducible to these two differences or stem from the failure to distinguish between emotions directed towards the content of a fiction and the fiction itself.
Sideways music
Authors: Markosian Ned 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is a popular theory in the metaphysics of time according to which time is one of four similar dimensions that make up a single manifold that is appropriately called spacetime. One consequence of this thesis is that changing an object’s orientation in the manifold does not change its intrinsic features. In this paper I offer a new argument against this popular theory. I claim that an especially good performance of a particularly beautiful piece of music, when oriented within the manifold in the normal way, adds to the intrinsic value of the world, but that if the same performance is turned sideways within the manifold, so that it involves a number of different notes spread out in space and all occurring at the same time, then it does not add the same intrinsic value to the world.
Summarizing the solution space in tumor phylogeny inference by multiple consensus trees
Authors: Aguse Nuraini , Qi Yuanyuan , El-Kebir Mohammed 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Cancer phylogenies are key to studying tumorigenesis and have clinical implications. Due to the heterogeneous nature of cancer and limitations in current sequencing technology, current cancer phylogeny inference methods identify a large solution space of plausible phylogenies. To facilitate further downstream analyses, methods that accurately summarize such a set T of cancer phylogenies are imperative. However, current summary methods are limited to a single consensus tree or graph and may miss important topological features that are present in different subsets of candidate trees.

Results
We introduce the Multiple Consensus Tree (MCT) problem to simultaneously cluster T and infer a consensus tree for each cluster. We show that MCT is NP-hard, and present an exact algorithm based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP). In addition, we introduce a heuristic algorithm that efficiently identifies high-quality consensus trees, recovering all optimal solutions identified by the MILP in simulated data at a fraction of the time. We demonstrate the applicability of our methods on both simulated and real data, showing that our approach selects the number of clusters depending on the complexity of the solution space T.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/elkebir-group/MCT.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Diversity and Economic Performance in a Model with Progressive Taxation
Authors: Wang Wei , Suen Richard M H 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIs a more heterogeneous population beneficial or harmful to long-term economic performance? This article addresses this and other questions in a dynamic general equilibrium model where consumers differ in their labour productivity and time preference. We show how differences in the cross-sectional distribution of these characteristics can affect the economy via two channels. The first one involves changing the composition of the labour force; and the second one involves changing the cross-sectional distribution of the marginal tax rate. We show how these channels are, respectively, determined by the shape of the labour supply function and the curvature of the marginal tax function.
The Genomic Complexity of a Large Inversion in Great Tits
Authors: da Silva Vinicius H , Laine Veronika N , Bosse Mirte , Spurgin Lewis G , Derks Martijn F L , van Oers Kees , Dibbits Bert , Slate Jon , Crooijmans Richard P M A , Visser Marcel E , Groenen Martien A M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChromosome inversions have clear effects on genome evolution and have been associated with speciation, adaptation, and the evolution of the sex chromosomes. In birds, these inversions may play an important role in hybridization of species and disassortative mating. We identified a large (≈64 Mb) inversion polymorphism in the great tit (Parus major) that encompasses almost 1,000 genes and more than 90% of Chromosome 1A. The inversion occurs at a low frequency in a set of over 2,300 genotyped great tits in the Netherlands with only 5% of the birds being heterozygous for the inversion. In an additional analysis of 29 resequenced birds from across Europe, we found two heterozygotes. The likely inversion breakpoints show considerable genomic complexity, including multiple copy number variable segments. We identified different haplotypes for the inversion, which differ in the degree of recombination in the center of the chromosome. Overall, this remarkable genetic variant is widespread among distinct great tit populations and future studies of the inversion haplotype, including how it affects the fitness of carriers, may help to understand the mechanisms that maintain it.
Associations of Fat and Lean Body Mass with Circulating Amino Acids in Older Men and Women
Authors: Mikkola Tuija M , Salonen Minna K , Kajantie Eero , Kautiainen Hannu , Eriksson Johan G 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Circulating amino acids are potential markers of body composition. Previous studies are mainly limited to middle age and focus on either fat or lean mass, thereby ignoring overall body composition. We investigated the associations of fat and lean body mass with circulating amino acids in older men and women. We studied 594 women and 476 men from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (age 62–74 years). Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to indicate two main body compartments by fat (fat mass/height2) and lean mass indices (lean mass/height2), dichotomized based on sex-specific medians. Eight serum amino acids were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. General linear models were adjusted for age, smoking, and fasting glucose. Higher lean mass index (LMI) was associated with higher concentrations of branched-chain amino acids in both sexes (p ≤ .001). In men, LMI was also positively associated with tyrosine (p = .006) and inversely with glycine (p &lt; .001). Higher fat mass index was associated with higher concentrations of all branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine), and alanine in both sexes (p ≤ .008). Associations between body composition and amino acids are largely similar in older men and women. The associations are largely similar to those previously observed in younger adults.
Objectively Measured Sedentary Time Before and After Transition to Retirement: The Finnish Retirement and Aging Study
Authors: Suorsa Kristin , Pulakka Anna , Leskinen Tuija , Heinonen Ilkka , Heinonen Olli J , Pentti Jaana , Vahtera Jussi , Stenholm Sari 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRetirement is associated with an increase in self-reported daily sedentary time, but no longitudinal evidence exists on how objectively measured sedentary time changes during retirement transition. The aim of this study was to compare objectively measured daily and hourly sedentary time before and after retirement and examine whether these changes differ by gender and occupational status.MethodsThe study population consisted of 478 participants (mean age 63.2 years, standard deviation 1.7, 85% women) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study. Sedentary time was measured using a wrist-worn triaxial ActiGraph accelerometer before and after transition to retirement with 1 year interval. Preretirement occupational status was categorized as manual and non-manual.ResultsDaily sedentary time was 8 hours 10 minutes in women and 9 hours 49 minutes in men before retirement. Considering all measurement days before and after retirement, daily sedentary time increased in women by 29 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20 to 38). Especially women retiring from manual occupations showed marked increase in sedentary time (63 minutes, 95% CI: 50 to 77). When only non-working days before retirement were considered, increase in daily sedentary time among women was less marked (16 minutes, 95% CI: 7 to 25). Among men, daily sedentary time did not change in retirement transition (−7 minutes, 95% CI: −26 to 12).ConclusionsObjectively measured sedentary time increases among women and remains at high level among men during the retirement transition. Attention should be paid to reduce daily sedentary time in retiring women and men.
Lowermost mantle thermal conductivity constrained from experimental data and tomographic models
Authors: Deschamps Frédéric , Hsieh Wen-Pin 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARY
Heat transfer through Earth's mantle is sensitive to mantle thermal conductivity and its variations. Thermal conductivities of lower mantle minerals, bridgmanite (Bm) and ferropericlase (Fp), depend on pressure, temperature, and composition. Because temperature and composition are expected to strongly vary in the deep mantle, thermal conductivity may also vary laterally. Here, we compile self-consistent data on lattice thermal conductivities of Bm and Fp at high pressure to model lower mantle thermal conductivity and map its possible lateral variations. Importantly, our data set allows us to quantify the influence of iron content on mantle conductivity. At the bottom of the mantle, the thermal conductivity for a pyrolitic mantle calculated along an adiabat with potential temperature 2000 K is equal 8.6 W m–1 K–1. Using 3-D thermochemical models from probabilistic tomography, which include variations in temperature, iron content, and bridgmanite fraction, we then calculate possible maps of conductivity anomalies at the bottom of the mantle. In regions known as low shear-wave velocity provinces, thermal conductivity is reduced by up to 26 per cent compared to average mantle, which may impact mantle dynamics in these regions. A simple analysis of threshold and saturation effects related to the iron content shows that our estimates of thermal conductivity may be considered as upper bounds. Quantifying these effects more precisely however requires additional mineral physics measurements. Finally, we estimate variations in core–mantle boundary heat flux, and find that that these variations are dominated by lateral temperature anomalies and are only partly affected by changes in thermal conductivity.
Emotions, Social Practices and the Changing Composition of Class, Race and Gender in the National Health Service, 1970–79: ‘Lively Discussion Ensued’
Authors: Saunders Jack 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
During the 1970s, Britain’s trade unions expanded into new areas of the economy, making considerable progress among the low-paid workers of the expanding welfare state. The Confederation of Health Service Employees (COHSE) and the National Union of Public Employees (NUPE) both made huge strides recruiting women and particularly women of colour in the National Health Service, as the laundry, cleaning, catering and portering services of Britain’s hospitals became union strongholds. This article questions why the increased weight of feminized service work is so marginal in our idea of 1970s workplace activism and why it features so rarely in histories of British trade unionism, despite being one of the movement’s most significant growth areas. Drawing on NUPE’s photographic archive, I argue that by looking at the changing character of worker-activist visual culture in this period we can reinsert women and women of colour back into those histories. This is followed by a close reading of trade-union branch minutes which explores how women re-ordered the gendered hierarchy of both their male-dominated union and their hospital between 1970 and 1979, exercising new-found agency within the highly paternalist setting of the NHS.