bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicotine vaping product use, harm perception and policy support among pharmacy customers in Brisbane, Australia
Authors: Erku Daniel A. , Gartner Coral E. , Tengphakwaen Unchanok , Morphett Kylie , Steadman Kathryn J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsDespite regulatory barriers for accessing nicotine liquid, use of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) has increased rapidly in Australia. Legal use of NVPs to aid smoking cessation requires a prescription, and pharmacies report receiving enquiries about the use of and access to NVPs. In this study, we assessed vaping product use, harm perception and policy support among community pharmacy customers.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among customers (n = 470) from a large community pharmacy chain in Brisbane, Australia. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine perception of NVPs as less harmful than combustible cigarettes and regulatory recommendations in relation to demographics, smoking status and NVP use.ResultsAlmost one‐third of the sample (31%) had either tried NVPs in the past (16%) or were current vapers (15%), the majority of them being current smokers (67%) who are trying to quit (31%) or substitute smoking (41%). Vapers primarily depended on family/friends as a source of information (76%). Current smokers and vapers were more likely to perceive NVPs as less harmful than cigarettes than non‐smokers and non‐vapers. Perceiving NVPs as safer than cigarettes was correlated with a recommendation to regulate as a tobacco product.Discussion and ConclusionsThere was widespread misperception about relative risk of nicotine‐containing products, with 37% of respondents perceiving nicotine‐containing NVPs to be as harmful as combustible cigarettes. Community pharmacies represent an ideal setting for educating smokers about smoking and vaping. Thus, pharmacy staff needs educational support to ensure that they are equipped to provide current evidence‐based information to customers.
Bar code reader – an algorithmic approach to cutaneous occluding vasculopathies? Part I: small vessel vasculopathies
Authors: Ratzinger Gudrun , Zelger Bettina G. , Zelger Bernhard W. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryAimsThe classifications of occluding vasculopathies may present some difficulties. Firstly, classifications may follow different principles, e.g. clinicopathological findings, etiology or pathomechanism. Secondly, authors sometimes do not distinguish between vasculitis and vasculopathy. Thirdly, vasculopathies are often systemic diseases. Organ‐specific variations make morphologic findings difficult to compare. Moreover, subtle changes may be recognized in the skin, but be invisible in other organs. Our aim was to use the skin and subcutis as tools and clinicopathological correlation as the basic process for classification.Methods and resultsIn the first step, we differentiate between small and medium vessel occluding vasculopathies in the skin, and focus in this part on small vessel occluding vasculopathies. In the second step, we differentiate among subtypes of small vessels. In the final step, we differentiate according to the time point of the coagulation/reorganization process and the involved inflammatory cells/stromal features. Applying the same procedure to the various entities and visualizing the findings with bar codes makes the similarities and differences more apparent, both clinically and with histopathology.ConclusionOccluding vasculopathies are often not separate entities, but reaction patterns and epiphenomena. Distinguishing them from vasculitides is crucial because of differences in pathogenesis, therapeutic approach and prognosis.
A policy of credit disruption: the Punjab Land Alienation Act of 1900
Authors: Chaudhary Latika , Swamy Anand V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIf land is titled and transferable, it can be used as collateral against which money can be borrowed. The resulting increase in access to credit is usually expected to foster economic growth. This article focuses on a policy in colonial India that made land less available as collateral for debt. Using a panel dataset for Punjab districts from 1890 to 1910, the findings show that this reduced the availability of mortgage‐backed credit, but did not hurt proxies for economic development, such as acreage and cattle, at least in the short run.
Assessing the causes of diversification slowdowns: temperature‐dependent and diversity‐dependent models receive equivalent support
Authors: Condamine Fabien L. , Rolland Jonathan , Morlon Hélène 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDiversification rates vary over time, yet the factors driving these variations remain unclear. Temporal declines in speciation rates have often been interpreted as the effect of ecological limits, competition, and diversity dependence, emphasising the role of biotic factors. Abiotic factors, such as climate change, are also supposed to have affected diversification rates over geological time scales, yet direct tests of these presumed effects have mainly been limited to few clades well represented in the fossil record. If warmer climatic periods have sustained faster speciation, this could explain slowdowns in speciation during the Cenozoic climate cooling. Here, we apply state‐of‐the art diversity‐dependent and temperature‐dependent phylogenetic models of diversification to 218 tetrapod families, along with constant rate and time‐dependent models. We confirm the prevalence of diversification slowdowns, and find as much support for temperature‐dependent than diversity‐dependent models. These results call for a better integration of these two processes in studies of diversification dynamics.
Aristolochiaceae‐ and Asteraceae‐feeding by larvae of Papilio xuthus L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Japan: A review
Authors: Yukawa Junichi , Nishida Ritsuo , Fukuda Haruo , Inoue Rinpei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOur recent observations of Aristolochiaceae‐ and Asteraceae‐feeding by larvae of Papilio xuthus L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), which is generally a typical Rutaceae‐feeding swallowtail, inspired us to survey published works describing its host range and aspects of its chemical ecology. Papilio xuthus larvae have been observed feeding on a total of 22 plant species other than members of Rutaceae, including those of Asarum (Aristolochiaceae) and Cosmos (Asteraceae). Most observation records and our current study indicated that Aristolochiaceae‐feeding by P. xuthus larvae was not due to oviposition error, but to larval movement to Asarum from adjacent rutaceous hosts after they had become unsustaining. Many larvae developed on Asarum to further stadia but we confirmed that some did not, indicating that Asarum was unsuitable for some individuals. According to previous and current observations, P. xuthus females oviposit directly on Cosmos and their larvae can develop to adults although, again, their performance on these plants is not always favorable. Host choice by swallowtail butterflies is determined both at the egg‐laying and larval‐feeding stages. Although adult P. xuthus use a mixture of unique secondary metabolites as their host‐location cue, larvae use primary nutrients as their major phagostimulants. Larval feeding on Asarum could suggest a reversion triggered by vestigial chemosensitivity to ancestral olfactory and/or gustatory cues, because several major clades of Papilionidae feed on Aristolochiaceae. Further studies on the phytochemical/chemosensory bases for these associations are needed if we are to understand the evolutionary pathway of host selection in P. xuthus, as indicated by these relatively unusual host‐seeking behaviors.
Self‐management for adults with epilepsy: Aggregate Managing Epilepsy Well Network findings on depressive symptoms
Authors: Sajatovic Martha , Johnson Erica K. , Fraser Robert T. , Cassidy Kristin A. , Liu Hongyan , Pandey Dilip K. , Quarells Rakale C. , Scal Peter , Schmidt Samantha , Shegog Ross , Spruill Tanya M. , Janevic Mary R. , Tatsuoka Curtis , Jobst Barbara C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess depressive symptom outcomes in a pooled sample of epilepsy self‐management randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the Managing Epilepsy Well (MEW) Network integrated research database (MEW DB).MethodsFive prospective RCTs involving 453 adults with epilepsy compared self‐management intervention (n = 232) versus treatment as usual or wait‐list control outcomes (n = 221). Depression was assessed with the nine‐item Patient Health Questionnaire. Other variables included age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, income, marital status, seizure frequency, and quality of life. Follow‐up assessments were collapsed into a visit 2 and a visit 3; these were conducted postbaseline.ResultsMean age was 43.5 years (SD = 12.6), nearly two‐thirds were women, and nearly one‐third were African American. Baseline sample characteristics were mostly similar in the self‐management intervention group versus controls. At follow‐up, the self‐management group had a significantly greater reduction in depression compared to controls at visit 2 (P < .0001) and visit 3 (P = .0002). Quality of life also significantly improved in the self‐management group at visit 2 (P = .001) and visit 3 (P = .005).SignificanceAggregate MEW DB analysis of five RCTs found depressive symptom severity and quality of life significantly improved in individuals randomized to self‐management intervention versus controls. Evidence‐based epilepsy self‐management programs should be made more broadly available in neurology practices.
Secondary forest fragments offer important carbon and biodiversity cobenefits
Authors: Matos Fabio A. R. , Magnago Luiz F. S. , Aquila Chan Miranda Carlos , de Menezes Luis F. T. , Gastauer Markus , Safar Nathália V. H. , Schaefer Carlos E. G. R. , da Silva Mônica P. , Simonelli Marcelo , Edwards Felicity A. , Martins Sebastião V. , Meira‐Neto João A. A. , Edwards David P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTropical forests store large amounts of carbon and high biodiversity, but are being degraded at alarming rates. The emerging global Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR) agenda seeks to limit global climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the growth of trees. In doing so, it may also protect biodiversity as a free cobenefit, which is vital given the massive shortfall in funding for biodiversity conservation. We investigated whether natural forest regeneration on abandoned pastureland offers such cobenefits, focusing for the first time on the recovery of taxonomic diversity (TD), phylogenetic diversity (PD) and functional diversity (FD) of trees, including the recovery of threatened and endemic species richness, within isolated secondary forest (SF) fragments. We focused on the globally threatened Brazilian Atlantic Forest, where commitments have been made to restore 1 million hectares under FLR. Three decades after land abandonment, regenerating forests had recovered ~20% (72 Mg/ha) of the above‐ground carbon stocks of a primary forest (PF), with cattle pasture containing just 3% of stocks relative to PFs. Over this period, SF recovered ~76% of TD, 84% of PD and 96% of FD found within PFs. In addition, SFs had on average recovered 65% of threatened and ~30% of endemic species richness of primary Atlantic forest. Finally, we find positive relationships between carbon stock and tree diversity recovery. Our results emphasize that SF fragments offer cobenefits under FLR and other carbon‐based payments for ecosystem service schemes (e.g. carbon enhancements under REDD+). They also indicate that even isolated patches of SF could help to mitigate climate change and the biodiversity extinction crisis by recovering species of high conservation concern and improving landscape connectivity.
Mapping Groundwater Potential Through an Ensemble of Big Data Methods
Authors: Martínez‐Santos P. , Renard P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGroundwater resources are crucial to safe drinking supplies in sub‐Saharan Africa, and will be increasingly relied upon in a context of climate change. The need to better understand groundwater calls for innovative approaches to make the best out of the existing information. A methodology to map groundwater potential based on an ensemble of machine learning classifiers is presented. A large borehole database (n = 1848) was integrated into a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment and used to train, validate and test 12 machine learning algorithms. Each classifier predicts a binary target (positive or negative borehole) based on the minimum flow rate required for communal domestic supplies. Classification is based on a number of explanatory variables, including landforms, lineaments, soil, vegetation, geology and slope, among others. Correlations between the target and explanatory variables were then generalized to develop groundwater potential maps. Most algorithms attained success rates between 80% and 96% in terms of test score, which suggests that the outcomes provide an accurate picture of field conditions. Statistical learners were observed to perform better than most other algorithms, excepting random forests and support vector machines. Furthermore, it is concluded that the ensemble approach provides added value by incorporating a measure of uncertainty to the results. This technique may be used to rapidly map groundwater potential for rural supply or humanitarian emergencies in areas where there is sufficient historical data but where comprehensive field work is unfeasible.
Current dosing practices for perioperative factor VIII concentrate treatment in mild haemophilia A patients result in FVIII levels above target
Authors: Schütte Lisette M. , de Rooij Nils , Hazendonk Hendrika C. A. M. , Mathôt Ron A. A. , van Hest Reinier M. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Cnossen Marjon H. , Kruip Marieke J. H. A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with haemophilia A (HA) perioperative dosing of factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate is based on body weight, historical FVIII level, in vivo recovery and FVIII level target values. In moderate and severe HA patients, this dosing regimen frequently leads to perioperative FVIII levels below and above target. This has not yet been evaluated in mild HA patients.ObjectivesTo evaluate perioperative FVIII concentrate treatment in mild HA patients and to assess the frequency of FVIII levels below or above target.Patients/MethodsThis retrospective single‐centre study collected data from medical files of mild HA patients undergoing surgery and treated with FVIII concentrate. FVIII levels were compared to their target ranges and predictive factors for levels outside the target ranges were determined by logistic regression.ResultsFifty surgeries performed in 34 patients were evaluated. Median age was 47 years and median historical FVIII level was 0.14 IU/mL. Preoperative peak FVIII level was above or below the target range in 80% and 6.7% of surgeries, respectively. Postoperatively, the percentages above and below target trough ranges were 55.8% and 12.8%. Patients with blood group 0 had the highest risk on the preoperative peak FVIII level being above target. In addition, patients who had a preoperative baseline FVIII level of >0.10 IU/mL higher than their historical FVIII level had a higher preoperative peak FVIII level than patients without this increase.ConclusionsDosing above FVIII target ranges with FVIII concentrates occurs frequently during perioperative treatment of mild HA patients. These results underline the necessity for better patient‐tailored treatment.
Review:Helicobacter pyloriand extragastric diseases
Authors: Franceschi Francesco , Covino Marcello , Roubaud Baudron Claire 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the last year, many studies have demonstrated a potential role ofHelicobacter pyloriin the pathogenic mechanisms of different extragastric diseases. While the role ofH pyloriin idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic iron deficiency anemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency has already been demonstrated, there is growing evidence of other related conditions, especially cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurologic disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. A summary of the results of the most relevant studies published over the last year on this attractive topic is presented in this review.
Review: Helicobacter pylori and non‐malignant upper gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Boltin Doron , Niv Yaron , Schütte Kerstin , Schulz Christian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis review covers recent publications investigating the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, eosinophilic esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), H pylori gastritis, and functional dyspepsia. In the area of gastroesophageal reflux disease, new data suggest that reflux may have a role in the transmission of H pylori infection. In addition to several observational studies, data on alterations in esophageal physiology in patients with H pylori infection are presented. Further evidence for the inverse relationship between H pylori infection and Barrett's esophagus is available in the form of a meta‐analysis from the North American Barrett's and Esophageal Carcinoma Consortium. The relationship between H pylori infection and eosinophilic esophagitis remains uncertain. Although new data do not indicate a significantly lower prevalence of H pylori among patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, a meta‐analysis showed a 37% reduced risk of eosinophilic esophagitis among H pylori‐infected patients. Novel data are presented on the genetic variability of bacterial virulence factors and their relationship with PUD. We also report data on plasma biomarkers, which may detect progression to gastric cancer in H pylori‐associated PUD. A new meta‐analysis was published, which assessed the risk of PUD in low‐dose aspirin users with H pylori infection. Finally, we report on the ongoing attempts to stratify patients with gastritis using endoscopic methods when compared to standard biopsy examination.
Shining light into meat – a review on the recent advances in in vivo and carcass applications of near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Chapman James , Elbourne Aaron , Truong Vi Khanh , Cozzolino Daniel 
Published: September 2019

SummaryMethods based in the utilisation of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been evaluated and reported by different authors for the analysis of a wide range of properties associated with meat quality in either live animals or during carcass evaluation, as infrared (IR) light has the capability to propagate through the several layers of the tissue. Recent reports by different authors also proved that methods based in the application of short wavelengths (e.g. 700–1100 nm) in the NIR region of the electromagnetic spectrum can measure properties related to meat quality non‐destructively and non‐invasively in live animals. In addition, this methodology was reported to be able to segregate tissues (e.g. lean and fat) assessed through the skin. Presently, there is a lack of knowledge on the capability of rapid and non‐invasive methods based in NIR spectroscopy to assess and measure traits associated with meat quality in live animals (e.g. beef and pork). Therefore, this review reports the recent applications of NIR spectroscopy to predict traits (e.g. protein, fat, fatty acids and shear force) associated with meat quality in both live animals and carcass samples.
Structure and thermal properties of β‐sitosterol‐beeswax‐sunflower oleogels
Authors: Pang Min , Wang Xiuxiu , Cao Lili , Shi Zhaojuan , Lei Zheng , Jiang Shaotong 
Published: September 2019

SummaryOleogels of β‐sitosterol (Sit) and beeswax (BW) were combined at varying ratios (w/w) and added to sunflower oil (SFO) at concentrations of 10 g per 100 g and 20 g per 100 g oil to prepare oleogels (Sit/BW/SFO). Structural and thermal properties were characterised and results showed that the hardness and enthalpy of oleogels were affected by the amount of β‐sitosterol and beeswax in the oleogelator combination (Sit/BW, w/w). Oleogels with beeswax as the only oleogelator (Sit0/BW10) had the highest hardness and maximum enthalpy change. Gel network form was influenced by the crystalline behaviour of the oleogelator, and Sit0/BW10‐oleogel was densely packed, spherical and white while Sit10/BW0‐oleogel displayed a needle shape. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that the oleogel width of the crystals and D‐spacing increased with increasing amounts of β‐sitosterol and the FTIR spectra revealed that oleogels formed via non‐covalent bonding and may be stabilised with physical entanglements.
Changes in growth kinetics and motility characteristics of Escherichia coli in the presence of sulphoraphane isolated from broccoli seed meal
Authors: García‐Saldaña Jesús Santos , Parra‐Delgado Julián , Campas‐Baypoli Olga Nydia , Sánchez‐Machado Dalia Isabel , Cantú‐Soto Ernesto Uriel , López‐Cervantes Jaime 
Published: September 2019

SummaryIn this investigation, the purified sulphoraphane from broccoli seed meal was evaluated in a range of 5–400 μg mL−1 against Escherichia coli. The results showed that levels above 200 μg mL−1 can inhibit 100% growth of 106 CFU mL−1 up to 5 h and cause a deformation of sigmoid behaviour in the growth kinetics, and even the bacterial population is reduced. On the other hand, low sulphoraphane levels such as 5–25 μg mL−1 also have effects on the bacterium, such as the decrease in the maximum specific growth rate and the loss of ability to adjust to a growth model when maintained in isothermal conditions. In addition, sulphoraphane has an effect on swimming motility and swarming motility in semi‐solid medium. The interaction of natural sulphoraphane–E. coli and the effect in the short periods can draw attention in research on food science and technology.
Investigating the effect of age on platelet ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Tian Ju , Cheng Liu‐Hang‐Hang , Cui Xiao , Lei Xiao‐Xuan , Tang Jian‐Bing , Cheng Biao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the present study, the age‐ and sex‐related differences in platelet ultrastructure were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A total of 15 healthy volunteers were grouped according to age, with 5 people in each of the following groups: young group (25‐45 years), middle‐aged group (46‐65 years), and old‐aged group (> 65 years). In the TEM micrographs, the internal components, specifically the α‐granules, dense granules, and lysosomal granules, of 20 platelets were counted for each group. Two‐way analysis of variance of age and sex variance was used to compare the results. The ultrastructure of the platelets in the old‐aged group was observed to be quite different from those of the young and middle‐aged groups. Specifically, with ageing, the platelet membrane becomes more irregular in shape and non‐smooth, and multiple platelet membrane ruptures are observed. Furthermore, the pseudopodia and protuberances become more numerous and slender, and the number of α‐granules is significantly reduced. These morphological changes indicate that ageing may affect the function of platelets, which in turn affects the efficacy of platelet concentrates. Thus, the effects of age should be considered when using platelet concentrates prepared from elderly autologous blood.