bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterologous Expression and Functional Characterization of Catalytic Subunit of Rice Acetohydroxyacid Synthase
Authors: Arabzadeh Ghazaleh , Shahpiri Azar 
Published: November 2018

Background:Acetohydroxyacid Synthase (AHAS) is the first enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of the branched chain amino acids. AHAS is the common target site of five herbicide chemical groups: sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidine, pyrimidinyl-thiobenzoates, and sulfonyl-aminocarbonyl-triazolinone. </P><P> Objective: The purification of protein enabled us to study the physical and biochemical properties of the enzyme. In addition in vitro activity of this enzyme was tested in the presence of four different sulfonylureaherbicides and the feedback regulation of enzyme was analyzed in the presence of branched amino acids.Methods:The gene encoding catalytic subunit of rice AHAS (cOsAHAS) without part of the chloroplast transit sequence was cloned into the bacterial expression vector pET41a and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as carboxy-terminal extensions of glutathione-S-transferase (GST).The soluble protein was purified using affinity chromatography. The measurement of GSTOsAHAS activity was performed under optimized conditions at present of branched-chain amino acids and sulfonylurea herbicides independently.Results:The optimum pH and temperature for GST-cOsAHAS activity was 8.0 and 37 °C, respectively. The specific activity and Km value of this enzyme toward pyruvate were 0.08 U/mg and 30 mM, respectively.GST-cOsAHAS was inhibited by herbicides tribenuron, sulfosulfuron, nicosulfuron and bensulfuron while the enzyme was insensitivieto end products.Conclusion:These results suggest that the recombinant form of GST-cOsAHAS is functionally active and carries the binding site for sulfynylurea herbicides. Furthermore, GST-cOsAHAS was insensitive to feedback inhibition by endproducts which indicates the existence of a regulator subunit in rice AHAS as previously has been described in other plant AHASs.
Effect of Intestinal Flora Clearance on Liver Proteomics in Mice
Authors: Jia Zhenghu , Liu Hui , Song Mei , Yang Chengmao , Zhao Yapu , Wu Xiaoli , Wu Zhenzhou , Zhao Liqing 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Intestinal flora dynamically affects the host&#039;s systemic immune system. Liver
is one of the organs that may be affected by intestinal microbiota.
</P><P>
Materials and Methods: In this study, we aimed to identify proteome level differences between liver
tissue from mice cleared intestinal flora and control using tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and
label free quantification. Additionally, protein-protein interactions were mapped by STRING, and also,
the enrichment of inflammation-related signaling pathways and biological processes was identified using
GO and IPA network system. RT-PCR and Western blot were used for validation of the proteomics
findings.

Results:
Our study demonstrated that mice with cleared intestinal flora exhibited decreased sensitivity
to Concanavalin A induced acute hepatitis. 324 Proteins in liver were differently expressed after intestinal
flora clearance for one week while 210 proteins were differently expressed after intestinal flora
clearance for two weeks. Furthermore, five of the identified proteins were validated by western blotting
and further investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.

Conclusion:
Our results showed that intestinal flora clearance in mice could reduce sensitivity to Concanavalin
A induced liver injury and influence the expression of proteins in liver, which provides a
clue for studying the relationship between gut bacteria and Concanavalin A induced hepatitis.
Highly Cross-linked Starch and Modified Cellulose as Dietary Fibers, and their Acclimation Effect on Hydrogen Excretion in Rats
Authors: Nakamura Sadako , Yamate Misa , Tanabe Kenichi , Osada Sanae , Oku Tsuneyuki 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Highly cross-linked phosphate starch (HCPS) and modified cellulose (MC)
were newly developed and modified dietary fiber materials to prevent lifestyle-related diseases.

Objective:
We investigated the physiological property of HCPS and MC to be a dietary fiber.

Methods:
HCPS was made from tapioca starch by polymerization in the presence of 0.5% phosphoric
acid, and MC was made from cellulose, maltodextrin and karaya gum by high-speed mixing. In the
present study, rats were raised on a diet containing 10% or 15% HCPS, or 10% MC for four weeks,
and physical effects such as growth, organ weights, blood biomedical parameters, fecal weight, and
hydrogen excretion were recorded.

Results:
Growth was normal among all groups, and there was no significant difference in total body
weight gain. Some organ weights including the adipose tissues differed slightly among groups, but
no difference based on diet composition was observed. Blood biomedical parameters were normal
and not significantly different among groups. Cecum tissue and content weights were significantly
greater in the 15% HCPS, 10% MC, and 10% fructooligosaccharide (FOS) groups than in the control
group, and fecal weight was significantly increased in the 10% and 15% HCPS, and 10% MC groups
compared with the control group. Hydrogen excretion over 24 h was negligible when HCPS was administered
orally to rats non-acclimatized to HCPS but increased significantly in rats acclimatized to
10% HCPS diet for one week.

Conclusion:
We conclude that both HCPS and MC could be suitable for use as low energy bulking
materials.
Early Detection of Central Nervous System Relapse of Pediatric Leukemia with Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter on MRI
Authors: Arpaci Taner , Karagun Barbaros S. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Leukemia is the most common pediatric malignancy. Central Nervous
System (CNS) is the most frequently involved extramedullary location at diagnosis and at relapse.
</P><P>
Objective: To determine if Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings of optic nerves should
contribute to early detection of CNS relapse in pediatric leukemia.

Methods:
Twenty patients (10 boys, 10 girls; mean age 8,3 years, range 4-16 years) with proven
CNS relapse of leukemia followed up between 2009 and 2017 in our institution were included. Orbital
MRI exams performed before and during CNS relapse were reviewed retrospectively. Forty
optic nerves with Optic Nerve Sheaths (ONS) and Optic Nerve Heads (ONH) were evaluated on
fat-suppressed T2-weighted TSE axial MR images. ONS diameter was measured from the point 10
mm posterior to the globe. ONS distension and ONH configuration were graded as 0, 1 and 2.

Results:
Before CNS relapse, right mean ONS diameter was 4.52 mm and left was 4.61 mm which
were 5.68 mm and 5.66 mm respectively during CNS relapse showing a mean increase of 25% on
right and 22% on left. During CNS relapse, ONS showed grade 0 distension in 15%, grade 1 in
60%, grade 2 in 25% and ONH demonstrated grade 0 configuration in 70%, grade 1 in 25% and
grade 2 in 5% of the patients.

Conclusion:
MRI findings of optic nerves may contribute to diagnose CNS relapse by demonstrating
elevated intracranial pressure in children with leukemia.
Hourly and Daily Traffic Expansion Factors on Selected Roads in Gaza, Palestine
Authors: Sarraj Yahya R. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The shortage of sufficient, reliable and continuous traffic data in many developing countries makes it difficult for traffic engineers and researchers. Traffic data are essential for both planning and design of transportation facilities.

Objective:
This work tries to provide data that in order to help local experts in Gaza city to provide better estimates of the average daily traffic (ADT) and hence better transportation facilities.

Methods:
The analysis and discussion are based on continuous traffic flow counts conducted on three selected main streets in Gaza. Data were collected for 24 hours on seven consecutive days on each street.

Results:
The results indicate that the average hourly expansion factors(HEFs) have a margin of error for the period between 7:00 and 16:00 that does not exceed ±3%. The results also indicate that the average daily expansion factors (DEFs) on the three streets have a maximum margin of error of 3.2% on both Sunday and Monday. On the other hand, the analysis proved that the maximum peak hour volume was 2864 vehicles/hour on Al Jalaa Street between 7:00 and 8:00 and the average peak-to-daily ratio (p/d) of the three streets was found to be 7.18%. The maximum directional traffic split (D) was found to be 60% in the heaviest direction of traffic flow during the peak period.

Conclusion:
The HEFs and DEFs produced in this work can be used with a 95% confidence on the main streets of Gaza city.
Antimicrobial Studies and Characterization of Copper Surfactants Derived from Various Oils Treated at High Temperatures by P.D.A. Technique
Authors: Bhutra Renu , Sharma Rashmi , Sharma Arun Kumar 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:Biologically potent compounds are one of the most important classes of materials for the upcoming generations. Increasing number of microbial infectious diseases and resistant pathogens create a demand and urgency to develop novel, potent, safe and improved variety of antimicrobial agents. This initiates a task for current chemistry to synthesize compounds that show promising activity as therapeutic agents with lower toxicity. Therefore, a substantial research is needed for their discovery and improvement. Chemistry of present era aims to build a pollution free environment. For the same, it targets to create some alternativeswhich are eco-friendly and nature loving. Present research work is a step towards achieving such alternatives.Method:For this the metallic soaps of copper (derived from common edible oils) were synthesized. The synthesized copper soaps have been confirmed by elemental analysis, UV, and IR spectroscopic technique. The fungicidal activities of copper soaps derived from soyabean, sesame oils have been evaluated by testing against Alternaria alternate and Aspergillus niger by P.D.A. technique.Result:The fungi toxicity results indicate that the strain of fungal species are susceptible towards these soaps and suggests that with the increase in concentration of copper soap it may increase further. The transition metallic soaps showed good antifungal activity because chelation increases the anti-microbial potency.
The Principle of Non-discrimination: An Empty Promise for the Preventive Health Care of Asylum Seekers and Undocumented Migrants?
Authors: Flegar Veronika 
Published: November 2018

The principle of non-discrimination in Article 2 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) holds that its rights are equally applicable to ‘everyone’. Nevertheless, evidence from the national context suggests that access to health care for asylum seekers and undocumented migrants depends on their legal status and in particular, preventive health care is often inaccessible to them.1 This has led to several hitherto under-investigated questions concerning the right to health in this context: Does a right to preventive health care exist at the international level? If so, what individual rights and State obligations are involved in this right? How does the principle of non-discrimination relate to this right? Does this principle offer (additional) protection to asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in terms of a possible right to preventive health care? Method: The main issue is what the principle of nondiscrimination has to offer for the preventive health care of persons without a regular residence status. Based on an analysis of the non-binding, but authoritative, General Comments of the United Nations (UN) Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), the paper takes an exploratory style that goes beyond traditional legal analysis and investigates how the law should be interpreted in order to enhance its effectiveness and relevance. Results and Discussion: Strictly speaking, there is no explicit, binding right to preventive health care for asylum seekers or undocumented migrants in the ICESCR itself.2 Nevertheless, implications can be found in the CESCR General Comments Number 14 and 20.3 Particularly, if one takes into account how the law should be interpreted according to CESCR General Comment 14 (CESCR GC 14), there should be a right to preventive health care for asylum seekers and undocumented migrants. The exact content of such a right, however, is less clearly defined. Further, the principle of non-discrimination is not conclusive as to whether the right to health would apply equally to asylum seekers and/or undocumented migrants as it would to nationals. Conclusion: For non-discrimination to be truly unambiguous with regard to the preventive health care of asylum seekers and undocumented migrants, it would be necessary to strike out the ‘general welfare’ provision of CESCR General Comment 20 (CESCR GC 20) and to clearly state that the ‘other status’ criterion also entails ‘residence status’. In that sense, the principle of non-discrimination is, indeed, an empty promise and the right to preventive health care for asylum seekers and undocumented migrants seems to be much better protected under the CESCR GC 14’s non-discriminatory interpretation of the right to health itself.
Isolation and characterization of bioactive compound anthraquinone from methanolic extract of Boerhavia diffusa linn.
Authors: Kanagavalli U , Sadiq A. Mohamed 
Published: November 2018

Boerhavia diffusa Linn. (Nyctaginaceae), commonly known as ‘Punarnava’ is a perennial creeping herb widely studied and has a long history of uses by the tribal people and in Ayurvedic and Unani medicines. Our previous study showed that in different extracts of Boerhavia diffusa (ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, aqueous and hexane), methanolic extract had significant anti-oxidant activity, but the active components present in that extracts are still unclear. In this study, Boerhavia diffusa Linn was investigated for the bioactive compounds present in its methanolic extract. Separation and purification of the compounds in the most active methanol extract was done using a combination of column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The compound was identified using gas chromatography and mass spectrophotometry. The resulted compound anthraquinone which is also called as 9, 10 anthracenedione. In addition to their known use as natural dyes, it have several biological activities like antitumor, antiinflammatory, diuretic , antiarthritic, antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial and antioxidant activities . This justifies the use of this plant in traditional medicine and indicates a promising potential for the development of medicinal agents from Boerhavia diffusa.
Keywords: Antioxidant, Boerhavia diffusa Linn, anthraquinone, column chromatography, Thin layer Chromatograhy, GC-MS.
POLA PEMANFAATAN RUANG KORIDOR JALAN OLEH OJEK ONLINE (Studi kasus: Depan Kampus I UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan)
Authors: Lamria Eli , Utami Tin Budi 
Published: November 2018

Perkembangan teknologi membuat kehidupan manusia semakin mudah, termasuk juga dalam hal transportasi. Transportasi berbasis online, meskipun menjadi pilihan bagi masyarakat namun bukan berarti tanpa kendala. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi ojek online yaitu lahan parkir untuk menunggu penumpang. Para pengemudi harus mencari tempat - tempat yang ramai yang banyak terdapat mobilitas manusia seperti sekolah, kampus, pusat perbelanjaan, pasar tradisional dan lain lain dimana tempat-tempat tersebut sangat minim lahan untuk parkir, maka yang sering dilakukan oleh para pengemudi ojek online adalah menunggu penumpang secara berkelompok dengan rekan seprofesi dan memakai tempat yang tidak seharusnya untuk berhenti atau parkir. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pola aktifvitas yang dilakukan oleh pengemudi ojek online pada saat menaikkan, menurunkan dan menunggu order penumpang. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pola aktivitas berdasarkan waku dan memetakannya sehingga mudah dipahami. Penelitian ini juga membahas kaitan ojek online dengan sisi arsitektural yaitu pengaruh setting fisik lingkungan dengan pola aktifitas ojek online. Pada kesimpulan akan disampaikan poin utama dari penelitian yang dilakukan sehingga dapat menjelaskan secara padat penelitian yang telah dilakukan. The development of technology makes human life easier, including also in terms of transportation. Online-based transportation, although popular in the community but it does not mean without obstacles. One of the obstacles faced by an online motorcycle taxi is parking lot to wait for passengers. Drivers should look for crowded places where there is a lot of human mobility such as schools, campuses, shopping centers, traditional markets and other places where there is very little parking space, so often the drivers of online motorcycle taxi are waiting for passengers in groups and use places that are not supposed to stop or park. This study discusses the pattern of activities conducted by online motorcycle taxi drivers at the time of pick up, lowering and waiting for passenger orders. Research is done to know the pattern of activity based on time and mapping so easily understood. This study also discusses the relationship of online motorcycle taxis with the architectural side that is the effect of physical environment settings with the pattern of online motorcycle taxis activities. At the conclusion will be stated the main points of research conducted so as to explain the solid research that has been done.
Audit Partner Identification and Characteristics: Evidence from U.S. Form AP Filings
Authors: Burke Jenna J. , Hoitash Rani , Hoitash Udi 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARY
This paper investigates the overall impact of and the information made available by the recent audit partner disclosure requirement in the U.S. After a contentious comment period, the PCAOB released Rule 3211, which requires registered public accounting firms to disclose the name of the audit partner for every audit report it issues. In the first year of adoption, we find a significant increase in audit quality and audit fees and a significant decrease in audit delay. We collect information on partner gender, busyness, education, and social connections to explore whether these newly observable characteristics are associated with audit outcomes. We find that several of these characteristics are associated with variations in audit fees and audit delay, but no evidence of an association with audit quality. Overall, our findings suggest that the disclosure of partner name in Form AP enhances the audit information environment, which supports PCAOB motivation for Rule 3211.
Treating Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Proteus Spp. were Isolated from Renal Stone Patients by Crataegus rhipidophylla and Adiantum capillus
Authors: Ali Mohammed Srwa , Abdul Aziz Hama Ali Mohammed , Lattif Mohammed Dereh 
Published: November 2018

Nine isolates of Proteus spp. were isolated from 100 urine samples of renal stone patients which were the urine specimens obtained directly from Sulaimani Teaching Hospital Laboratory, and identified according to the cultural characteristic, morphological, biochemical examination. The antibiotic susceptibility test for all isolates were conducted to nine antimicrobial agents including (Ciprofloxacin (Cip), Tetracycline(TE), Neomycin (N), Gentamicin (CN), Erythromycin (E), Nitrofurantoin (F), Naldixic acid (NA), Imipenem (IPM), Amoxicillin (AX). Plasmid analysis of these isolates showed presence are (22) Kb plasmid. Curing of antibiotic resistance genes by using methanol extracts for leave of Crataegus rhipidophylla and Adiantum capillus was performed. The minimum inhibitory concentration of these medicinal plants through methanol extracts which were 5000 µg/ml and 1000 µg/ml for Ailanthus altissima and Adiantum capillus respectively. The Sub minimum inhibition concentration (SMIC) was also determined. The results of transformation and curing experiments revealed that SMIC of Ailanthus altissima extract was cured or eliminated plasmid completely, and (SMIC) of Adiantum capillus was cured (CN, E, and AX) resistant genes.
DETECTION AND PURIFICATION OF HARMFUL COMPOUNDS IN BEVERAGES USING HPLC
Authors: V Rukkumani , M Saravanakumar 
Published: November 2018

The presence of harmful compounds like caffeine and carbonated compounds in different beverages like soft drinks, fruit juices deserves great attention because of its toxic and carcinogenic effects on human beings. We report on the detection and purification of those substances with the help of HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography).According to the migration rate, stationary phase and mobile phase, retention time we can extract the desire compounds. Depending upon the solvent and sample we can detect the compounds with the help of the detector.The chromatogram will be displayed and it can be viewed in the PC with the help of Osiris software. Compounds like Caffeine, Aspartame, Neotame, Saccharin, Maltodextrin, sucrose, fructose etc can be detected and purified. Detection and purification takes place in the column of HPLC where the process called adsorption takes place. Retention time can be calculated by the total time taken of a component that spends in both mobile phase and stationary phase. It is always expressed in minutes
Detection and Recognition of Traffic Sign using FCM with SVM
Authors: A Jayaprakash. , Selva Vijila C. Kezi 
Published: November 2018

This paper mainly focuses on Traffic Sign and board Detection systems that have been placed on roads and highway. This system aims to deal with real-time traffic sign and traffic board recognition, i.e. localizing what type of traffic sign and traffic board are appears in which area of an input image at a fast processing time. Our detection module is based on proposed extraction and classification of traffic signs built upon a color probability model using HAAR feature Extraction and color Histogram of Orientated Gradients (HOG).HOG technique is used to convert original image into gray color then applies RGB for foreground. Then the Support Vector Machine (SVM) fetches the object from the above result and compares with database. At the same time Fuzzy Cmeans cluster (FCM) technique get the same output from above result and thenÂ to compare with the database images. By using this method, accuracy of identifying the signs could be improved. Also the dynamic updating of new signals can be done. The goal of this work is to provide optimized prediction on the given sign.
Algoritma K-Means Clustering untuk Menentukan Nilai Gizi Balita
Authors: Irfiani Eni , Rani Siti Sulistia 
Published: November 2018

Gizi sangat dibutuhkan bagi tubuh manusia, terutama pada usia balita dan anak-anak, nilai gizi yang seimbang sangat baik dalam proses tumbuh kembang anak, meningkatkan kemampuan belajar yang baik, serta memberikan dampak positif untuk perkembangannya di masa depan. Saat ini masih kurangnya pengetahuan dasar orang tua dan para kader Posyandu mengenai nilai gizi seimbang pada balita, belum adanya pengelompokkan data berdasarkan karakteristik nilai gisi balita. Pengklasteran (clustering) merupakan metode yang cukup popular dan paling sering digunakan dalam pengolahan data pencitraan medis, biometrik dan bidang yang terkait oleh karena kesederhanaannya serta cukup efektif dalam mengelompokan data dengan ukuran besar berdasarkan kecepatan pemrosesan dengan menempatkan objek-objek ke dalam kelas-kelas yang memiliki kemiripan. Dalam penelitian ini klasterisasi data nilai gizi balita pada Posyandu dengan acuan parameter tinggi badan balita dan berat badan balita menggunakan algoritma k-Means. Dengan menggunakan K-Means dapat mengklasifikasi nilai gizi balita secara umum agar dapat digunakan sebagai landasan pencegahan dini bagi para kader posyandu menanggulangi gizi buruk atau obesitas. Hasil klasterisasi tersebut dapat membantu para kader Posyandu dan orang tua balita dalam penanganan dini kondisi gizi balita dengan kategori obesitas, gizi lebih, gizi baik, gizi kurang dan gizi buruk.