bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red blood cells modulate structure and dynamics of venous clot formation in sickle cell disease
Authors: Faes Camille , Ilich Anton , Sotiaux Amandine , Sparkenbaugh Erica M. , Henderson Michael W. , Buczek Laura , Beckman Joan D. , Ellsworth Patrick , Noubouossie Denis F. , Bhoopat Lantarima , Piegore Mark , Renoux Céline , Bergmeier Wolfgang , Park Yara , Ataga Kenneth I. , Cooley Brian , Wolberg Alisa S. , Key Nigel S. , Pawlinski Rafal 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with chronic activation of coagulation and an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Erythrocyte sickling, the primary pathologic event in SCD, results in dramatic morphological changes in red blood cells (RBCs) because of polymerization of the abnormal hemoglobin. We used a mouse model of SCD and blood samples from sickle patients to determine if these changes affect the structure, properties, and dynamics of sickle clot formation. Sickling of RBCs and a significant increase in fibrin deposition were observed in venous thrombi formed in sickle mice. During ex vivo clot contraction, the number of RBCs extruded from sickle whole blood clots was significantly reduced compared with the number released from sickle cell trait and nonsickle clots in both mice and humans. Entrapment of sickled RBCs was largely factor XIIIa–independent and entirely mediated by the platelet-free cellular fraction of sickle blood. Inhibition of phosphatidylserine, but not administration of antisickling compounds, increased the number of RBCs released from sickle clots. Interestingly, whole blood, but not plasma clots from SCD patients, was more resistant to fibrinolysis, indicating that the cellular fraction of blood mediates resistance to tissue plasminogen activator. Sickle trait whole blood clots demonstrated an intermediate phenotype in response to tissue plasminogen activator. RBC exchange in SCD patients had a long-lasting effect on normalizing whole blood clot contraction. Furthermore, RBC exchange transiently reversed resistance of whole blood sickle clots to fibrinolysis, in part by decreasing platelet-derived PAI-1. These properties of sickle clots may explain the increased risk of venous thromboembolism observed in SCD.
Long non-coding RNA GBCDRlnc1 induces chemoresistance of gallbladder cancer cells by activating autophagy
Authors: Cai Qiang , Wang Shouhua , Jin Longyang , Weng Mingzhe , Zhou Di , Wang Jiandong , Tang Zhaohui , Quan Zhiwei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundGallbladder cancer is the most common biliary tract malignancy and not sensitive to chemotherapy. Autophagy is an important factor prolonging the survival of cancer cells under chemotherapeutic stress. We aimed to investigate the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in autophagy and chemoresistance of gallbladder cancer cells.MethodsWe established doxorubicin (Dox)-resistant gallbladder cancer cells and used microarray analysis to compare the expression profiles of lncRNAs in Dox-resistant gallbladder cancer cells and their parental cells. Knockdown or exogenous expression of lncRNA combined with in vitro and in vivo assays were performed to prove the functional significance of lncRNA. The effects of lncRNA on autophagy were assessed by stubRFP-sensGFP-LC3 and western blot. We used RNA pull-down and mass spectrometry analysis to identify the target proteins of lncRNA.ResultsThe drug-resistant property of gallbladder cancer cells is related to their enhanced autophagic activity. And we found a lncRNA ENST00000425894 termed gallbladder cancer drug resistance-associated lncRNA1 (GBCDRlnc1) that serves as a critical regulator in gallbladder cancer chemoresistance. Furthermore, we discovered that GBCDRlnc1 is upregulated in gallbladder cancer tissues. Knockdown of GBCDRlnc1, via inhibiting autophagy at initial stage, enhanced the sensitivity of Dox-resistant gallbladder cancer cells to Dox in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, we identified that GBCDRlnc1 interacts with phosphoglycerate kinase 1 and inhibits its ubiquitination in Dox-resistant gallbladder cancer cells, which leads to the down-regulation of autophagy initiator ATG5-ATG12 conjugate.ConclusionsOur findings established that the chemoresistant driver GBCDRlnc1 might be a candidate therapeutic target for the treatment of advanced gallbladder cancer.
Diagnosing and tracing the pathogens of infantile infectious diarrhea by amplicon sequencing
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Guo Mingzhang , Jiang Yuanchunzi , Cao Yanhua , Qian Qingzeng , He Xiaoyun , Huang Kunlun , Zhang Jianwei , Xu Wentao 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Metagenomic methods have been widely applied to study the relationship between gut microbiota and human health. To test whether metagenomic amplicon sequencing could be an effective method to diagnose and trace the pathogens of infantile infectious diarrhea, the fecal samples of 20 diarrheic and 13 healthy infants were collected. After 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, diversity analyses were carried out. The relationship between the pathogens of the gut microbiota and geography of patients was analyzed.

Results
The diversity of the gut microbiota in diarrheic infants was significantly lower than that of the gut microbiota in healthy ones and that, the composition of gut microbiota in the diarrheic group was significantly different than that of the gut microbiota in the healthy group. The results also indicated that in some of the patients, the amounts of Escherichia coli were significantly increased in the diarrheic infants, which was in agreement with the result of the qPCR analysis. Using a geographical map, we found some patterns between pathogen source and geographical location. This is helpful for an early warning of the disease.

Conclusions
The method of using high-throughput DNA sequencing and a comprehensive and deep data analysis can be a new strategy to detect and trace pathogens in infantile infectious diarrhea.
Trial registration Diagnosing and tracing the pathogens of infantile infectious diarrhea by amplicon sequencing, ChiCTR-DDD-1701088, Registered 16 March 2017-Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=18477
Regularized full-waveform inversion with automated salt flooding
Authors: Kalita Mahesh , Kazei Vladimir , Choi Yunseok , Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: April 2019

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) attempts to resolve an ill-posed nonlinear optimization problem to retrieve the unknown subsurface model parameters from seismic data. In general, FWI fails to obtain an adequate representation of models with large high-velocity structures over a wide region, such as salt bodies and the sediments beneath them, in the absence of low frequencies in the recorded seismic signal, due to nonlinearity and nonuniqueness. We alleviate the ill posedness of FWI associated with data sets affected by salt bodies using model regularization. We have split the optimization problem into two parts: First, we minimize the data misfit and the total variation in the model, seeking to achieve an inverted model with sharp interfaces; and second, we minimize sharp velocity drops with depth in the model. Unlike conventional industrial salt flooding, our technique requires minimal human intervention and no information about the top of the salt. Those features are demonstrated on data sets of the BP 2004 and Sigsbee2A models, synthesized from a Ricker wavelet of dominant frequency 5.5 Hz and minimum frequency 3 Hz. We initiate the inversion process with a simple model in which the velocity increases linearly with depth. The model is well-retrieved when the same constant density acoustic code is used to simulate the observed data, which is still one of the most common FWI tests. Moreover, our technique allows us to reconstruct a reasonable depiction of the salt structure from the data synthesized independently with the BP 2004 model with variable density. In the Sigsbee2A model, we manage to even capture some of the fine layering beneath the salt. In addition, we evaluate the versatility of our method on a field data set from the Gulf of Mexico.
Valproate in dementia: time to move on?
Authors: Dhindsa Amreek 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYBaillonet al’s Cochrane review included 430 participants with agitation in dementia from five randomised controlled trials. Overall, the reviewers found that valproate was no better than placebo for the treatment of agitation in people with dementia; however, the quality of the studies included was very variable. Adverse effects and events were higher in the treatment group compared with the controls, although these finding were largely based on low-quality data with incomplete reporting; thus, valproate's safety profile is of concern. This review demonstrates that there is insufficient evidence to change current treatment guidelines.DECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
Understanding psychiatrists' knowledge, attitudes and experiences in identifying and supporting their patients on the autism spectrum: online survey
Authors: Crane Laura , Davidson Ian , Prosser Rachel , Pellicano Elizabeth 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundPsychiatrists play a critical role in identifying and supporting their patients on the autism spectrum in the UK, yet little is known about their knowledge, attitudes and experiences in this regard.AimsTo understand psychiatrists' experiences of working with autistic individuals, their confidence in making diagnostic/management decisions and the factors that affect such decisions.MethodA total of 172 psychiatrists took part in an online self-report survey.ResultsMost psychiatrists reported receiving useful training on autism and were knowledgeable about the condition, particularly those with a personal connection to autism. Higher confidence in working with autistic patients was linked to greater levels of autism knowledge, experience and training. Several systemic and autism-specific factors were highlighted by psychiatrists, which were felt to challenge their ability to provide effective care and support for their patients on the autism spectrum.ConclusionsPsychiatrists' views corroborated previous research with the autism community, highlighting the need to co-design services that are accessible, respectful and person-centred.Declaration of interestI.D. is the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Autism Champion.
Phosphorylation of Forkhead Protein FoxO1 at S253 Regulates Glucose Homeostasis in Mice
Authors: Zhang Kebin , Guo Xiaoqin , Yan Hui , Wu Yuxin , Pan Quan , Shen James Zheng , Li Xiaopeng , Chen Yunmei , Li Ling , Qi Yajuan , Xu Zihui , Xie Wei , Zhang Weiping , Threadgill David , He Ling , Villarreal Daniel , Sun Yuxiang , White Morris F , Zheng Hongting , Guo Shaodong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) is a key mediator in the insulin signaling pathway and controls multiple physiological functions, including hepatic glucose production (HGP) and pancreatic β-cell function. We previously demonstrated that S256 in human FOXO1 (FOXO1-S256), equivalent to S253 in mouse FoxO1 (FoxO1-S253), is a key phosphorylation site mediating the effect of insulin as a target of protein kinase B on suppression of FOXO1 activity and expression of target genes responsible for gluconeogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of FoxO1-S253 phosphorylation in control of glucose homeostasis in vivo by generating global FoxO1-S253A/A knockin mice, in which FoxO1-S253 alleles were replaced with alanine (A substitution) blocking FoxO1-S253 phosphorylation. FoxO1-S253A/A mice displayed mild increases in feeding blood glucose and insulin levels but decreases in fasting blood glucose and glucagon concentrations, as well as a reduction in the ratio of pancreatic α-cells/β-cells per islet. FoxO1-S253A/A mice exhibited a slight increase in energy expenditure but barely altered food intake and glucose uptake among tissues. Further analyses revealed that FoxO1-S253A/A enhances FoxO1 nuclear localization and promotes the effect of glucagon on HGP. We conclude that dephosphorylation of S253 in FoxO1 may reflect a molecular basis of pancreatic plasticity during the development of insulin resistance.
Diagnostic value of urea, creatinine and blood parameters in patients with pneumonia diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Akduman Seha 
Published: April 2019

Background: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of urea, creatinine and other blood parameters in patients with pneumonia diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for the first time. Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who had been diagnosed with COPD for the first time and were diagnosed with pneumonia were included. A total of 193 patients were divided into three groups as COPD + pneumonia (n=123), COPD (n=36) and pneumonia (n=34). Results: In total, 59 women (48.0%) and 64 men (52.0%) from the COPD + pneumonia group, 13 women (36.1%) and 23 men (63.9%) from the COPD group, 21 women (61.8%) and 13 men (38.2%) from the pneumonia group were assessed. The mean age of the COPD + pneumonia group was 69.58±13.62, 66.28±12.55 for the COPD group and 53.97±19.72 for the pneumonia group. The highest values of C-reactive protein (CRP), urea, creatinine, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, eosinophils and hemoglobin were the highest in COPD + pneumonia group. CRP levels were significantly different between COPD + pneumonia group (p<0.05). The parameters urea, WBC and neutrophils were significantly different between COPD + pneumonia group and pneumonia group (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between COPD and pneumonia groups in terms of neutrophils and eosinophils values (p<0.05). According to the results of receiver operating characteristic analysis, the diagnostic value of the urea parameter in determining the COPD + pneumonia group was not statistically significant (p>0.05). On the other hand, the diagnostic value of CRP, WBC and neutrophils values were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: Elevation in WBC and neutrophil values in patients diagnosed with pneumonia have an important role in diagnosis of COPD.
Radiotherapy in the control of bleeding from primary and secondary lung tumours
Authors: Gaito Simona , Hughes Christopher , Woolf David , Radhakrishna Ganesh 
Published: April 2019

This literature review clarifies the role of radiotherapy in the management of low-volume haemoptysis. Embase and Medline were interrogated, and PRISMA guidelines were then used to select relevant articles. Seventy-eight articles were considered relevant and manually reviewed. The evidence suggests that external beam radiotherapy is more effective than endobronchial brachytherapy at controlling low-volume haemoptysis. There is no evidence to recommend a combination of the two techniques. Different doses and fractionations appear equally effective, with a potential survival advantage of higher dose regimens for fitter patients. Palliative radiotherapy is effective at controlling low-volume haemoptysis. External beam radiotherapy is the first-line treatment, with endobronchial brachytherapy recommended following external beam radiotherapy failure. Choice of dose and fractionation should take into account the patient's performance status.
Wykorzystanie duoetnografii jako innowacyjnego podejścia w rozwijaniu refleksji przyszłych nauczycieli języka obcego
Authors: Werbińska Dorota 
Published: April 2019

Duo-ethnography is a research methodology, through which people of difference reconceptualise their histories of a particular phenomenon in juxtaposition with one another. Although initiated by researchers, duo- ethnographies can also be used as an innovative pedagogic tool that develops deep reflection in teacher candidates. After discussing the efficacy of duo-ethnography, a onesemester-long duo-ethnographic study is escribed, which was conducted by the author with six preservice English teachers. In the study, the participants worked in pairs (duo) and reflected on their own understandings of language teaching and learning (stage one), themselves as learners and future language teachers on the basis of the data from stage one (stage two), their conversational partners as learners and teachers on the basis of the data from stage one (stage three) and, finally, on the value of the duo-ethnographic project in language teacher preparation courses from their own perspective (stage four). The presentation ends with the author’s remarks about the project as a learning tool that undoubtedly encourages students to reflect but, on the other hand, has limitations that have to be acknowledged if duo- ethnography is employed as a pedagogic instrument in the classroom context.
Świadomość własnego procesu uczenia się języków obcych przyczynkiem do innowacyjnych działań dydaktycznych. W stronę dydaktyki wielojęzyczności w początkowym kształceniu nauczycieli
Authors: Kucharczyk Radosław , Szymankiewicz Krystyna 
Published: April 2019

The aim of this article is to reflect on the initial training of teachers in line with the assumptions of multilingual didactics. A definition of plurilingual competence is given at the beginning of this article. We then discuss briefly about the main assumptions of plurilingual teaching. The next part of the article deals with the philosophy of educating future foreign language teachers in philological studies, which should be largely based on reflection. The article concludes with the analysis of data obtained from students participating in teacher education classes. The aim of the study was to diagnose whether the self-awareness of potential subjects, as given to them by the multilingual competence, could contribute to innovative teaching.
Digital Radio Frequency Transport over Optical Fiber for 5G Fronthaul Links
Authors: Hadi Muhammad Usman , Jung Hyun , Traverso Pier Andrea , Tartarini Giovanni 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Radio over fiber (RoF) is an empowering technology for the next-generation wireless networks including fifth generation cloud radio access networks. In this paper, we propose a new fronthaul interface which has been demonstrated for a 20-MHz LTE signal having 64-Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation over 50 km of standard single-mode fiber. The proposed methodology potentially reduces the overall bandwidth requirement of the link. The performance analysis has been demonstrated for conventional analog RoF (A-RoF) and proposed digital RoF (D-RoF). As a figure of merit, the performance evaluation of the two architectures is reported by analyzing error vector magnitude (EVM), signal-to-noise ratio and eye-opening penalty. It is shown that digital optical links can mitigate the impairments present in A-RoF links and can support the transmission up to 50 km. Moreover, it is shown that efficient D-RoF links can be obtained with a relatively low amount of analog-to–digital-converter resolution bits. For the D-RoF link, the EVM was measured to be less than 2 % at 50 km. This is within the LTE specifications, proving it as a cost and power effective solution for next-generation wireless networks.
Various Types of Anti-Reflective Coatings (Arcs) Based on the Layer Composition and Surface Topography: A Review
Authors: Moayedfar Majid , Assadi Morteza Khalaji 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
One of the crucial factors in improving optical device performance is decreasing reflection, and enhancing light absorption or transmission from wide angles of incidence in a broad wavelength range. In this regard, efficient anti-reflective surfaces demonstrating multifunctional capabilities and showing prospective quasi-omnidirectional anti-reflective and broadband properties are proposed. The selection of a suitable coating material is a key factor in reducing reflection on these surfaces. Hence, this review aims to outline the inception of durable and inexpensive ARC materials that can be applied in different electronic and optical equipment, based on its original conceptualization. Strategies to reduce reflectance will be discussed, and various forms of ARC investigated, paying attention to layer composition and surface topography. To conclude, among all available ARC materials, a 2D rectangular grating for light absorption on GaSb surfaces showed superior properties.
A new method for Synthesis of Epitaxial Films of Silicon Carbide on Sapphire Substrates (α-Al2O3)
Authors: Kukushkin S.A. , Osipov A.V. , Redkov A.V. , Grashchenko A.S. , Feoktistov N.A. , Fedotov S.D. , Statsenko V.N. , Sokolov E.M. , Timoshenkov S.P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A fundamentally new method for synthesis of thick (200-400 nm) epitaxial films of silicon carbide on single-crystal Al2O3 substrates is proposed. The method develops the previously discovered method of topochemical substitution of atoms during the transformation of Si into SiC. In the proposed method, a layer of epitaxial Si of orientation (100) or (111) is being preliminarily deposited on the sapphire via CVD or other technique. Then, using a topochemical reaction between the CO gas and the deposited epitaxial silicon film, a part of Si atoms is being substituted by carbon atoms. As a result, the silicon film transforms into SiC film. As experimental studies have shown, in the process of this transformation a high-quality epitaxial SiC layer can be formed on the sapphire surface under certain synthesis conditions. A detailed investigation of grown SiC layers using the methods of electron diffraction, ellipsometry, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and scanning microscopy is conducted and an analysis of experimental data is given. Formation of both cubic 3C-SiC and hexagonal SiC polytypes during the transformation of Si into SiC was revealed by the XRD method. A detailed analysis of the current state of the problems of growth of epitaxial SiC layers on Al2O3 using various methods is provided. The method developed in this study opens up completely new perspectives not only for synthesis of semiconductors, but also for creation of new classes of composite, heat-resistant and other solid coatings.
Optical Properties of Bulk Gallium Oxide Grown from the Melt
Authors: Mynbaeva M.G. , Shirshnev P.S. , Kremleva A.V. , Smirnov A.N. , Ivanova E.V. , Zamoryanskaya M.V. , Nikitina I.P. , Lavrent’ev A.A. , Mynbaeva K.D. , Odnoblyudov M.A. , Bauman D.A. , Lipsanen H. , Nikolaev V.I. , Bougrov V.E. , Romanov A.E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Results of the studies of the properties of single-crystalline bulk β-Ga2O3 grown from the melt are presented. High chemical purity and phase uniformity of the grown material are demonstrated. Raman spectroscopy studies confirmed low energies of optical phonons in β-Ga2O3, which makes it a promising material for laser optics applications.