bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mesozoic Margin of the Maghrebian Tethys in the Rif Belt (Morocco): Evidence for Polyphase Rifting and Related Magmatic Activity
Authors: Gimeno‐Vives Oriol , Mohn Geoffroy , Bosse Valérie , Haissen Faouziya , Zaghloul Mohamed Najib , Atouabat Achraf , Frizon de Lamotte Dominique 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Rif belt (northern Morocco) is a mountain chain located at the junction between the Mediterranean and Central Atlantic Domains. Although the Rif belt underwent important Cenozoic (i.e., Alpine) shortening, remnants of the Mesozoic North African rifted margin are preserved in its external zones. This contribution aims to characterize the Mesozoic architecture and polyphase rifting history of this rifted margin. We present detailed field evidence and geochronological data from two palaeogeographic zones (Mesorif and Intrarif) preserving remnants of the former North African distal margin. The Mesorif conserves lithostratigraphic associations characterized by mafic intrusive rocks overlain by dismembered and discontinuous blocks of Lower Jurassic carbonates covered by Middle to Upper Jurassic sediments. U‐Pb zircon dating of four samples from this gabbroic complex shows ages close to the Triassic‐Jurassic boundary (195–200 Ma). The gabbros were emplaced within the continental crust at the end of the first Triassic rift event and exhumed shortly after during a second Middle Jurassic rift event, which presents exceptional rift‐related structures. The most distal part of the margin is exposed in the Intrarif. In this unit, the Beni‐Malek serpentinized peridotites exhibit ophicalcites with uppermost Jurassic limestones resting conformably on top, suggesting that exhumation of the mantle occurred at the distal part of the North African margin at this time. When integrated, these new evidences enable us to discuss the evolution of the western part of the North African rifted margin and its relations with the Moroccan Atlantic margin and Tethys system.
Differential use of emotion regulation strategies when engaging in artistic creative activities amongst those with and without depression
Authors: Fancourt Daisy , Ali Hannah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ability to effectively regulate our emotions has been shown to be impaired in people with depression. Arts activities have been found to improve depression, but whether people with depression make differential use of emotion regulation strategies (ERSs) when engaging in the arts remains unclear. This study analysed data from 11,248 individuals with depression who were matched on demographics, personality and arts experience with a further 11,248 individuals without depression. We found a significantly lower overall use of self-reported ERSs when engaging in arts amongst those with depression; specifically lower use of approach strategies (e.g. reappraisal) and self-development strategies (e.g. improved self-esteem), but the same use of avoidance strategies (e.g. distraction). However, these differences were very slight (very small effect size and <1% difference). This suggests that people with depression still experience benefits for emotion regulation, which could help to explain the beneficial effects of arts interventions reducing symptoms of depression.
Study on the mechanism underlying Al-induced hepatotoxicity based on the identification of the Al-binding proteins in liver
Authors: Ding Yixin , Tang Jinlei , You Xun , Zhang Xiongfeng , Wang Guangliang , Yao Congying , Lin Mibin , Wang Xuerui , Cheng Dai 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal element in the earth's crust, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of liver lesions. However, the mechanisms underlying Al3+-induced hepatotoxicity are still largely elusive. Based on analysis with native gel electrophoresis, Al3+ plus 8-hydroxyquinoline staining and LC-MS/MS, the proteins with high Al3+ affinity were identified to be carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, adenosylhomocysteinase, heat shock protein 90-alpha, carbonic anhydrase 3, serum albumin and calreticulin. These proteins are involved in physiological processes such as the urea cycle, redox reactions, apoptosis and so on. Then we established an Al3+-treated rat model for biochemical tests, morphology observation and Ca2+ homeostasis analysis, in order to evaluate the extent of oxidative damage, hepatic histopathology and specific indicators of Al3+-related proteins in liver. Our findings indicated the high-affinity interactions with Al3+ perturbed the normal function of the above proteins, which could account for the mechanism underlying Al3+-induced hepatotoxicity.
Reliability of Trail Walking and Running Tasks Using the Stryd Power Meter
Authors: Navalta James Wilfred , Montes Jeffrey , Bodell Nathaniel G. , Aguilar Charli D. , Radzak Kara , Manning Jacob W. , DeBeliso Mark 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFootpod monitors are wearable devices attaching to the shoe with the ability to sense oscillations in leg movement; however, few studies provide reliability. The purpose was to provide reliability data for outdoor tasks as measured by the Stryd Power Meter, which is a footpod monitor. Young healthy individuals (N=20, male n=12, female n=8) completed two 5-min self-paced walks along a trail, and two 5-min trail runs. Reliability of the tasks was determined using Coefficient of Variation (CV), Intraclass Correlation (ICC), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Measures during trail running that returned a CV less than 10%, met the ICC threshold of 0.70, and displayed good to excellent 95% CI included pace, average elapsed power, average elapsed form power, average elapsed leg spring, and vertical oscillation. The only variable during walking to meet these criteria was maximal power (CV=4.02%, ICC=0.968, CI=0.902, 0.989). Running tasks completed on a trail generally return more consistent measures for variables that can be obtained from the Stryd footpod device than walking tasks.
Characterization of Pulmonary Emboli in Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients Compared to General Medical Patients
Authors: Jové Nathaniel A. , Samaan Sam , Pizzimenti Natalie M. , Lincoln Denis , Markel David C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPulmonary emboli (PEs) occur in medical and postoperative total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients. These are different patient populations, yet both undergo identical diagnosis and treatment regardless of PEs size and quantity. To date, there has been no analysis of the location, size, and quantity of emboli that occur postoperatively in TJA compared with general medical patients. We hypothesized TJA patients would have different size and distribution of PEs per event compared with medical patients. A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty in comparison to general medical patients at our institution from 2006 to 2011 with a PE diagnosis. Medical co-morbidities, sex, age, procedure, postoperative day, size, and location of PE using spiral computed tomography were recorded using a novel mapping scheme. Embolus size was defined based on blockage level in the pulmonary arterial tree. Of the 4,178 TJA patients reviewed, 51 were diagnosed with a PE. A total of 67% of TJA patients were women, yet women represented 90% (n = 46) of TJA PE patients (p < 0.0001). Medical patients had an equal distribution of men and women with PEs. Orthopaedic patients averaged more (4.0 vs. 2.2, p < 0.0001) and smaller PEs compared with medical patients (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, women undergoing TJA had significantly higher risk of developing PE compared with male arthroplasty or medical patients. Differences were observed in size and distribution of PEs between medical and TJA patients, which suggest a different nature of embolic phenomenon.
Local existence conditions for sweeping process solutions
Authors: Tolstonogov A. A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A sufficient condition for the existence of an absolutely continuous solution for a sweeping process is given by the absolute continuity, in a definite sense, of the multivalued mapping which generates the process. This property is described in terms of the Hausdorff distance between values of the multivalued mapping. However, there exist multivalued mappings for which the Hausdorff distance between those values is infinite; for instance, mappings which take hyperplanes as values. For such mappings absolute continuity cannot be described in terms of the Hausdorff distance. In this paper we study conditions which provide local absolute continuity of a multivalued mapping. By using these conditions we prove an existence theorem for an absolutely continuous solution of a sweeping process. We apply the results obtained to the study of sweeping processes with nonconvex and with convexified perturbations. For such sweeping processes we prove an existence theorem for solutions and a relaxation theorem.
Bibliography: 13 titles.
Algebras of free holomorphic functions and localizations
Authors: Syrtseva K. A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We consider the algebras of holomorphic functions on a free polydisc

,

and the algebra of holomorphic functions on a free ball

. We show that the algebra

is a localization of a free algebra and, moreover, is a free analytic algebra with

generators (in the sense of J. Taylor), while the algebra

is not a localization of a free algebra. In addition we prove that the class of localizations of free algebras and the class of free analytic algebras are closed under the operation of the Arens-Michael free product.
Bibliography: 21 titles.
Dynamic allostery-based molecular workings of kinase:peptide complexes
Authors: Ahuja Lalima G. , Aoto Phillip C. , Kornev Alexandr P. , Veglia Gianluigi , Taylor Susan S. 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Internal dynamics underlies the working of proteins, including kinases. Here we explain the role of dynamics-based allostery that orchestrates kinase:peptide complex recognition and formation. Substrate peptides have a distinct allosteric response from the kinase, as opposed to the product and inhibitor peptides. Internal dynamics of the entire kinase molecule is modulated in a global context, as opposed to previously speculated domino paths. Molecular dynamics simulations, in combination with the violin model of protein allostery for identifying communities, allows for exact mapping of allosterically coupled groups of residues throughout the kinase. Because the response from the substrate, product, and inhibitor peptides are distinct, these studies exemplify the power of computational methods to explore protein allostery in a previously unappreciated way.
Caspase-8 restricts antiviral CD8 T cell hyperaccumulation
Authors: Feng Yanjun , Daley-Bauer Lisa P. , Roback Linda , Guo Hongyan , Koehler Heather S. , Potempa Marc , Lanier Lewis L. , Mocarski Edward S. 
Published: July 2019

Significance
The antiviral immune response in mammals represents a balance of T cell proliferation and death. The autoactivated protease caspase-8 has long been known to mediate cell-extrinsic apoptosis, block unleashed programmed necrosis, and contribute to cell activation state as well as cell growth. Here, caspase-8 is shown to restrict proliferation of CD8 T cells in response to herpesvirus infection without contributing to the contraction of the immune response. Prior investigations into this area were confounded by unleashed necroptosis, masking the role of caspase-8 in restraining proliferation associated with adaptive immunity. Thus, our observations resolve a decades-old debate regarding the cell-autonomous contribution of this protease to initiation of antiviral T cell immunity and establishment of memory.
Large distances separate coregulated genes in living
Drosophila
embryos
Authors: Heist Tyler , Fukaya Takashi , Levine Michael 
Published: July 2019

Significance
The prevailing model of gene activation is the looping of a distal enhancer to its target promoter, although it remains uncertain whether enhancers must come into direct contact. Recent studies suggest that clusters of RNA polymerase II are recruited to active genes, raising the possibility that enhancers cannot get too close to their target promoters due to molecular crowding. Here, we use live imaging methods to visualize genes that are simultaneously regulated by a single enhancer both in cis and in trans. We present evidence that these coregulated genes are separated by a substantial distance—at least 100–200 nm—during transcription. These observations challenge the textbook view of enhancer function and raise the possibility of an action-at-a-distance model for gene expression.
Effect of fluid inertia on the orientation of a small prolate spheroid settling in turbulence
Authors: Gustavsson K , Sheikh M Z , Lopez D , Naso A , Pumir A , Mehlig B 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We study the angular dynamics of small non-spherical particles settling in a turbulent flow, such as ice crystals in clouds, aggregates of organic material in the oceans, or fibres settling in turbulent pipe flow. Most solid particles encountered in Nature are not spherical, and their orientations affect their settling speeds, as well as their collision and aggregation rates in suspensions. Whereas the random action of turbulent eddies favours an isotropic distribution of orientations, gravitational settling breaks the rotational symmetry. The precise nature of the symmetry breaking, however, is subtle. We demonstrate here that the fluid-inertia torque plays a dominant role in the problem. As a consequence rod-like particles tend to settle in turbulence with horizontal orientation, the more so the larger the settling number

Sv

(a dimensionless measure of the settling speed). For large

Sv

we determine the fluctuations around this preferential horizontal orientation for prolate particles with arbitrary aspect ratios, assuming small Stokes number

St

(a dimensionless measure of particle inertia). Our theory is based on a statistical model representing the turbulent velocity fluctuations by Gaussian random functions. This overdamped theory predicts that the orientation distribution is very narrow at large

Sv

, with a variance proportional to

Sv

−
4

. By considering the role of particle inertia, we analyse the limitations of the overdamped theory, and determine its range of applicability. Our predictions are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations of simplified models of turbulent flows. Finally we contrast our results with those of an alternative theory predicting that the orientation variance is proportional to

Sv

−
2

at large

Sv

.
Heisenberg uncertainty relation for relativistic electrons
Authors: Bialynicki-Birula Iwo , Bialynicka-Birula Zofia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Heisenberg uncertainty relation is derived for relativistic electrons described by the Dirac equation. The standard nonrelativistic lower bound 3/2ℏ is attained only in the limit and the wave function that reproduces this value is singular. At the other end, in the ultrarelativistic limit, the bound is the same as that found before for photons.
Mapping the landscape of climate services
Authors: Larosa Francesca , Mysiak Jaroslav 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClimate services are technology-intensive, science-based and user-tailored tools providing timely climate information to a wide set of users. They accelerate innovation, while contributing to societal adaptation. Research has explored the advancements of climate services in multiple fields, producing a wealth of interdisciplinary knowledge ranging from climatology to the social sciences. The aim of this paper is to map the global landscape of research on climate services and to identify patterns at individual, affiliation and country level and the structural properties of each community. We use a sample of 358 records published between 1974 and 2018 and quantitatively analyze them. We provide insights into the main characteristics of the community of climate services through Bibliometrics and complement these findings with Network Science. We have computed the centrality of each actor as derived from a Principal Component Analysis of 42 different measures. By exploring the structural properties of the networks of individuals, institutions and countries we derive implications on the most central agents. Furthermore, we detect brokers in the network, capable of facilitating the information flow and increasing the cohesion of the community. We finally analyze the abstracts of the sample via Content Analysis. We find a progressive shift towards climate adaptation and user-centric visions. Agriculture and Energy are the top mentioned sectors. Anglophone countries and institutions are quantitatively dominant, and they are also important in connecting different discipline of the network of scholars, by building on established partnerships. Finding that nodes facilitating the diffusion of information flows (the brokers) are not necessarily the most central, but have a high degree of interdisciplinarity facilitating interactions of different communities.Social media abstract. #WhoisWho in #climateservices? A comprehensive map of research in #Europe and beyond
Local land-use decision-making in a global context
Authors: Malek Žiga , Douw Bianka , Van Vliet Jasper , Van Der Zanden Emma H , Verburg Peter H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Land-use change has transformed the majority of the terrestrial biosphere, impacting biodiversity, climate change, food production and provision of multiple ecosystem services. To improve our understanding of land-use change processes, the motivations and characteristics of land-use decision-makers need to be addressed more explicitly. Here, we systematically review the peer-reviewed literature between 1950 and 2018 that documents decision-making underlying land-use change processes. We found 315 publications reporting on 559 case studies worldwide that report on land-use decision-making in sufficient depth. In these cases, we identified 758 land-use decision-makers. We clustered decision-makers based on their objectives, attitudes and abilities into six distinct types: survivalist, subsistence-oriented smallholder, market-oriented smallholder, professional commercialist, professional intensifier and eco-agriculturalist. Survival and livelihood were identified as most common objectives for land-use decision makers, followed by economic objectives. We observe large differences in terms of decision-makers’ attitudes towards environmental values, and particularly their financial status, while decision makers have a generally favorable attitude towards change and legislation. The majority of the documented decision-makers in the literature have only few abilities as they are poor and own small plots of land, while the wealthier decision-makers were identified to have more power and control over their decisions. Based on a representativeness analysis, we found that decision-making processes in marginal areas, such as mountainous regions, are overrepresented in existing case study evidence, while remote areas and lowlands are under-represented. These insights can help in the design of better land-use change assessments, as well as to improve policies towards sustainable land use.
Chebyshev-type cubature formulas for doubling weighted spheres, balls, and simplexes
Authors: Dai Feng , Feng Han 
Published: July 2019

This paper shows that, given a doubling weight

w
w

on the unit sphere

S

d
−
1

\mathbb {S}^{d-1}

of

R

d

\mathbb {R}^d

, there exists a positive constant

K

w
,
d

K_{w,d}

such that, for each positive integer

n
n

and each integer

N
≥

max

x
∈

S

d
−
1

K

w
,
d

w
(
B
(
x
,

n

−
1

)
)

N\ge \max _{x\in {\mathbb {S}^{d-1}}} \frac {K_{w,d}} {w(B(x, n^{-1}))}

, there exists a set of

N
N

distinct nodes

z
1

z_1

, …,

z
N

z_N

on

S

d
−
1

\mathbb {S}^{d-1}

for which

(

∗

)

1

w
(

S

d
−
1

)

∫

S

d
−
1

f
(
x
)
w
(
x
)

d

σ
d

(
x
)
=

1
N

∑

j
=
1

N

f
(

z
j

)
,

∀
f
∈

Π
n
d

,

\begin{equation} \tag {$\ast $} \frac {1}{w({\mathbb {S}^{d-1}})} \int _{{\mathbb {S}^{d-1}}} f(x) w(x)\, d\sigma _d(x)=\frac 1N \sum _{j=1}^N f(z_j),\qquad \forall f\in \Pi _n^d, \end{equation}

where

d

σ
d

d\sigma _d

,

B
(
x
,
r
)

B(x,r)

, and

Π
n
d

\Pi _n^d

denote the surface Lebesgue measure on

S

d
−
1

{\mathbb {S}^{d-1}}

, the spherical cap with center

x
∈

S

d
−
1

x\in \mathbb {S}^{d-1}

and radius

r
>
0

r>0

, and the space of all spherical polynomials of degree at most

n
n

on

S

d
−
1

{\mathbb {S}^{d-1}}

, respectively, and

w
(
E
)
=

∫
E

w
(
x
)

d

σ
d

(
x
)

w(E)=\int _E w(x) \, d\sigma _d(x)

for

E
⊂

S

d
−
1

E\subset {\mathbb {S}^{d-1}}

. If, in addition,

w
∈

L
∞

(

S

d
−
1

)

w\in L^\infty ({\mathbb {S}^{d-1}})

, then the above set of nodes can be chosen to be well separated:
\[

min

1
≤
i
≠
j
≤
N

arccos
⁡
(

z
i

⋅

z
j

)
≥

c

w
,
d

N

−

1

d
−
1

>
0.

\min _{1\leq i\neq j\leq N}\arccos (z_i\cdot z_j)\geq c_{w,d} N^{-\frac 1{d-1}}>0.

\]
It is further proved that the minimal number of nodes

N

n

(
w
d

σ
d

)

\mathcal {N}_{n} (wd\sigma _d)

required in (

∗
\ast

) for a doubling weight

w
w

on

S

d
−
1

{\mathbb {S}^{d-1}}

satisfies
\[

N

n

(
w
d

σ
d

)
∼

max

x
∈

S

d
−
1

1

w
(
B
(
x
,

n

−
1

)
)

,

n
=
1
,
2
,
…
.

\mathcal {N}_n (wd\sigma _d) \sim \max _{x\in {\mathbb {S}^{d-1}}} \frac 1 {w(B(x, n^{-1}))},\qquad n=1,2,\ldots .

\]
Proofs of these results rely on new convex partitions of

S

d
−
1

{\mathbb {S}^{d-1}}

that are regular with respect to a given weight

w
w

and integer

N
N

. Similar results are also established on the unit ball and the standard simplex of

R

d

\mathbb {R}^d

.

Our results extend the recent results of Bondarenko, Radchenko, and Viazovska on spherical designs.
Effect of Oral Oseltamivir on Virological Outcomes in Low-risk Adults With Influenza: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Beigel John H , Manosuthi Weerawat , Beeler Joy , Bao Yajing , Hoppers Melanie , Ruxrungtham Kiat , Beasley Richard L , Ison Michael , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Losso Marcelo H , Langlois Nicholas , Hoopes Justin , Lane H Clifford , Holley H Preston , Myers Christopher A , Hughes Michael D , Davey Richard T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Duration of viral shedding is a determinant of infectivity and transmissibility, but few data exist about oseltamivir's ability to alter viral shedding.

Methods
From January 2012 through October 2017, a randomized, double-blinded multicenter clinical trial was conducted in adults aged 18–64 years at 42 sites in Thailand, the United States, and Argentina. Participants with influenza A or B and without risk factors for complications of influenza were screened for the study. Eligible participants were randomized to receive oseltamivir 75 mg or placebo twice daily for 5 days. The primary endpoint was the percentage of participants with virus detectable by polymerase chain reaction in nasopharyngeal swab at day 3.

Results
Of 716 adults screened for the study, 558 were randomized, and 501 were confirmed to have influenza. Forty-six participants in the pilot study were excluded, and 449 of the 455 participants in the population for the primary analysis had day 3 viral shedding results. Ninety-nine (45.0%) of 220 participants in the oseltamivir arm had virus detected at day 3 compared with 131 (57.2%) of 229 participants in the placebo arm (absolute difference of −12.2% [−21.4%, −3.0%], P =; .010). The median time to alleviation of symptoms was 79.0 hours for the oseltamivir arm and 84.0 hours for the placebo arm (P =; .34) in those with confirmed influenza infection.

Conclusions
Oseltamivir decreased viral shedding in this low-risk population. However, in the population enrolled in this study, it did not significantly decrease the time to resolution of clinical symptoms.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01314911.