bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate is enhanced in biliary tract cancer patients and is associated with lymphatic metastasis
Authors: Hirose Yuki , Nagahashi Masayuki , Katsuta Eriko , Yuza Kizuki , Miura Kohei , Sakata Jun , Kobayashi Takashi , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Shimada Yoshifumi , Kameyama Hitoshi , McDonald Kerry-Ann , Takabe Kazuaki , Wakai Toshifumi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLymphatic metastasis is known to contribute to worse prognosis of biliary tract cancer (BTC). Recently, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid mediator generated by sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), has been shown to play an important role in lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in several types of cancer. However, the role of the lipid mediator in BTC has never been examined. Here we found that S1P is elevated in BTC with the activation of ceramide-synthetic pathways, suggesting that BTC utilizes SPHK1 to promote lymphatic metastasis. We found that S1P, sphingosine and ceramide precursors such as monohexosyl-ceramide and sphingomyelin, but not ceramide, were significantly increased in BTC compared to normal biliary tract tissue using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort, we demonstrated that S1P in BTC is generated via de novo pathway and exported via ABCC1. Further, we found that SPHK1 expression positively correlated with factors related to lymphatic metastasis in BTC. Finally, immunohistochemical examination revealed that gallbladder cancer with lymph node metastasis had significantly higher expression of phospho-SPHK1 than that without. Taken together, our data suggest that S1P generated in BTC contributes to lymphatic metastasis.
The membrane-associated fraction of cyclase associate protein 1 translocates to the cytosol upon platelet stimulation
Authors: Joshi Pooja , Riley David R. J. , Khalil Jawad S. , Xiong Huajiang , Ji Wei , Rivero Francisco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPlatelets undergo profound shape changes upon adhesion to damaged blood vessel walls that are mediated by reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton in response to receptor-mediated signalling cascades. The highly conserved 56 kDa multidomain cyclase associated protein 1 (CAP1) works in concert with cofilin and profilin to modulate actin filament turnover by facilitating cofilin-mediated actin filament severing and depolymerisation and catalysing profilin-mediated regeneration of actin monomers for reutilisation in growing filaments. CAP1 is abundant in platelets but its roles remain unexplored. We report that in suspended platelets CAP1 localises predominantly at the cell cortex whereas in spread platelets it is uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm, with enrichment at the cell cortex and the periphery of actin nodules. Upon subcellular fractionation most CAP1 was found cytosolic but part associated to the membrane fraction in an actin-independent manner. Interestingly, upon stimulation with thrombin a significant proportion of the membrane-associated CAP1 translocates to the cytosol. This relocalisation was prevented by prior treatment with PGI2 or the nitric oxide donor GSNO, or by inhibition of GSK3. Our results place CAP1 at a crossroad of signalling pathways that control platelet activation by contributing to actin remodelling at the cell cortex and actin nodules during platelet spreading.
Genetic variations for egg quality of chickens at late laying period revealed by genome-wide association study
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Sun Congjiao , Yan Yiyuan , Li Guangqi , Shi Fengying , Wu Guiqin , Liu Aiqiao , Yang Ning 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWith the extension of the egg-laying cycle, the rapid decline in egg quality at late laying period has aroused great concern in the poultry industry. Herein, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genomic variations associated with egg quality, employing chicken 600 K high-density SNP arrays in a population of 1078 hens at 72 and 80 weeks of age. The results indicated that a genomic region spanning from 8.95 to 9.31 Mb (~0.36 Mb) on GGA13 was significantly associated with the albumen height (AH) and the haugh unit (HU), and the two most significant SNPs accounted for 3.12 ~ 5.75% of the phenotypic variance. Two promising genes,MSX2andDRD1, were mapped to the narrow significant region, which was involved in embryonic and ovary development and found to be related to egg production, respectively. Moreover, three interesting genes,RHOA,SDF4andTNFRSF4, identified from three significant loci, were considered to be candidate genes for egg shell colour. Findings in our study could provide worthy theoretical basis and technological support to improve late-stage egg quality for breeders.
First insights into the movements of young-of-the-year white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in the western North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Curtis Tobey H. , Metzger Gregory , Fischer Christopher , McBride Brett , McCallister Michael , Winn Leann J. , Quinlan Jessica , Ajemian Matthew J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn recent years, white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) have become more accessible to researchers off the northeastern U.S. as feeding aggregation sites have emerged and the population has increased. However, there has been limited research on young-of-the-year (YOY) sharks relative to older age classes in this region. Previous research indicated that YOY white sharks were most frequently observed in the New York Bight, suggesting the region serves a nursery role. To further examine the species’ use of this area, we deployed satellite and acoustic tags on ten YOY white sharks (138–166 cm total length) off Long Island, New York. The sharks remained resident in New York Bight waters through summer (August through October), further supporting the notion that the region is a nursery area. Southward movements were observed during fall, with overwintering habitat identified off North and South Carolina shelf waters. Return migrations toward the New York Bight were observed in some individuals the following spring. YOY white sharks in this heavily-populated region are exposed to anthropogenic impacts such as fisheries bycatch and coastal habitat degradation. As juvenile survival rates are important for long-term population sustainability, further research is necessary to assess the potential impacts of these activities on the western North Atlantic white shark population.
Organic and inorganic carbon and their stable isotopes in surface sediments of the Yellow River Estuary
Authors: Yu Zhitong , Wang Xiujun , Han Guangxuan , Liu Xingqi , Zhang Enlou 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStudying the carbon dynamics of estuarine sediment is crucial to understanding of carbon cycle in the coastal ocean. This study is to evaluate the mechanisms regulating the dynamics of organic (TOC) and inorganic carbon (TIC) in surface sediment of the Yellow River Estuary (YRE). Based on data of 15 surface sediment cores, we found that TIC (6.3–20.1 g kg−1) was much higher than TOC (0.2–4.4 g kg−1). Both TOC and TIC were generally higher to the north than to the south, primarily due to the differences in kinetic energy level (i.e., higher to the south). Our analysis suggested that TOC was mainly from marine sources in the YER, except in the southern shallow bay where approximately 75% of TOC was terrigenous. The overall low levels of TOC were due to profound resuspension that could cause enhanced decomposition. On the other hand, high levels of TIC resulted partly from higher rates of biological production, and partly from decomposition of TOC associated with sediment resuspension. The isotopic signiture in TIC seems to imply that the latter is dominant in forming more TIC in the YRE, and there may be transfer of OC to IC in the water column.
Dual-organ invasion is associated with a lower survival rate than single-organ invasion in distal bile duct cancer: A multicenter study
Authors: Min Kyueng-Whan , Kim Dong-Hoon , Son Byoung Kwan , Moon Kyoung Min , Kim Eun-Kyung , Oh Young-Ha , Kwon Mi Jung , Choi Ho Soon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe revised criteria of the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) cancer staging system consider depth of invasion as one of the factors that determine stage in distal bile duct (DBD) cancer, but exclude adjacent organ invasion. The aims were to evaluate the association between adjacent organ invasion and relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after curative surgical resection of DBD cancer and to propose optimal criteria for predicting clinical outcomes. In this retrospective cohort study, 378 patients with DBD cancer treated in multi-institutions between 1996 and 2013 were investigated. This study evaluated the relationship between clinicopathologic parameters and adjacent organ invasion and used organ invasion to compare the survival times of each group. Among 204 patients with adjacent organ invasion, 152 were in the single-organ invasion group and 52 were in the dual-organ invasion group based on a review of microscopic slides. In univariate and multivariate analyses, patients with dual-organ invasion had a shorter RFS and OS time than those with single-organ invasion. Organ invasion should be included as one of the factors that determine the AJCC stage; this might ultimately help to predict better the survival rate of patients with DBD cancer.
Bent conformation of a backbone pilin N-terminal domain supports a three-stage pilus assembly mechanism
Authors: Chaurasia Priyanka , Pratap Shivendra , Palva Airi , von Ossowski Ingemar , Krishnan Vengadesan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEffective colonization of host cells by some Gram-positive bacteria often involves using lengthy, adhesive macromolecular structures called sortase-dependent pili. Among commensals, the gut-adapted Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG strain encodes the operons for two varieties of these pili (SpaCBA and SpaFED), with each structure consisting of backbone, tip, and basal pilin subunits. Although the tertiary structure was recently solved for the backbone subunit (SpaA) of the SpaCBA pilus, no structural information exists for its counterpart in the SpaFED pilus. Here, we report several crystal structures for the SpaD backbone pilin, two of which capture the N-terminal domain in either the closed (linear) or open (bent) conformation. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of the bent conformation in Gram-positive pilin structures. Based on this bent conformation, we suggest a three-stage model, which we call the expose-ligate-seal mechanism, for the docking and assembly of backbone pilins into the sortase-dependent pilus.
Investigating the Use of a Nonspeech Task to Measure Tongue–Jaw Differentiation: Findings Across Typical Development
Authors: Small Hailey C. , McAllister Tara , Grigos Maria I. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Clinically, a task of alternating tongue lateralization has been used to evaluate the ability to independently control the tongue and jaw, with jaw movement interpreted as a sign of poor tongue–jaw differentiation. However, there is a lack of normative data regarding jaw movement during this task and whether this changes over the course of development. This study quantified relative tongue and jaw movement during alternating tongue lateralization for typical speakers across age ranges and examined whether degree of jaw movement varies as a function of age.

Method
Participants were 39 typical children, adolescents, and adults ranging from 6 to 29 years old. A motion capture system was used to track tongue and jaw movement during an alternating tongue lateralization task, and the average relative contribution of the jaw to tongue lateralization was determined for each participant.

Results
Age did not correlate significantly with the average relative contribution of the jaw to tongue lateralization. Typical children, adolescents, and adults exhibited wide variability in the degree of jaw movement during this task.

Conclusion
Variability among typical speakers in alternating tongue lateralization performance makes it challenging to determine if/when performance should be considered atypical. Clinical findings from this task must be interpreted with caution.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6626222
Victimization, Bullying, and Emotional Competence: Longitudinal Associations in (Pre)Adolescents With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: van den Bedem Neeltje P. , Dockrell Julie E. , van Alphen Petra M. , Kalicharan Shareen V. , Rieffe Carolien 
Published: July 2018

PurposeVictimization is a common problem for many children but is exacerbated for children with a developmental language disorder (DLD). However, the severity of communication problems does not explain their victimization rates. In children without DLD, difficulties with emotional competence are a risk factor for victimization and also increase the risk of bullying. In this longitudinal study, we examined the extent to which the level and development of emotional competence (understanding of one's own emotions and levels of anger, sadness, and fear) contributed to the prediction of victimization and bullying in children with and without DLD, over and above the type and severity of communication problems of children with DLD.MethodClinically referred youngsters (8–16 years old) with (n= 112; 48% girls, 52% boys) and without (n= 233; 58% girls, 42% boys) DLD completed self-reports 3 times over an 18-month period. Parents of children with DLD reported on their children's communication problems.ResultsParticipants with DLD reported more victimization but comparable levels of bullying behavior compared with peers without DLD. Higher levels of sadness and fear were risk factors for more victimization in both groups. Better understanding of one's own emotions had a larger effect on less victimization in children with DLD, independent of their communication problems. In addition, increased levels of anger and lower levels of understanding of one's own emotions explained more bullying in both groups.ConclusionOutcomes indicate that secondary difficulties in emotional competence in children with DLD make these children more vulnerable to victimization and warrant specific support and interventions.
Gravitational fragmentation and formation of giant protoplanets on orbits of tens of au
Authors: Vorobyov Eduard I. , Elbakyan Vardan G. 
Published: July 2018

Aims. Migration of dense gaseous clumps that form in young protostellar disks via gravitational fragmentation is investigated to determine the likelihood of giant planet formation.
Methods. High-resolution numerical hydrodynamics simulations in the thin-disk limit are employed to compute the formation and long-term evolution of a gravitationally unstable protostellar disk around a solar-mass star.
Results. We show that gaseous clumps that form in the outer regions of the disk (>100 au) through disk fragmentation are often perturbed by other clumps or disk structures, such as spiral arms, and migrate toward the central star on timescales from a few thousand to few tens of thousands of years. The migration timescale is slowest when stellar motion in response to the disk gravity is considered. When approaching the star, the clumps first gain mass (up to several tens of MJup), but then quickly lose most of their diffuse envelopes through tidal torques. Part of the clump envelope can be accreted onto the central star causing an FU-Orionis-type accretion and luminosity outburst. The tidal mass loss helps the clumps to significantly slow down or even halt their inward migration at a distance of a few tens of au from the protostar. The resulting clumps are heavily truncated both in mass and size compared to their wider orbit counterparts, keeping only a dense and hot nucleus. During the inward migration, the temperature in the clump interiors may exceed the molecular hydrogen dissociation limit (2000 K) and the central region of the clump can collapse into a gas giant protoplanet. Moreover, migrating clumps may experience close encounters with other clumps, resulting in the ejection of the least massive (planetary-mass) clumps from the disk. We argue that FU-Orionis-type luminosity outbursts may be the end product of disk fragmentation and clump inward migration, preceding the formation of giant protoplanets on tens of au orbits in systems such as HR 8799.
Disentangling multiple high-energy emission components in the Vela X pulsar wind nebula with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
Authors: Tibaldo L. , Zanin R. , Faggioli G. , Ballet J. , Grondin M.-H. , Hinton J. A. , Lemoine-Goumard M. 
Published: July 2018

Context. Vela X is a pulsar wind nebula in which two relativistic particle populations with distinct spatial and spectral distributions dominate the emission at different wavelengths. An extended 2° × 3°
nebula is seen in radio and GeV gamma rays. An elongated cocoon prevails in X-rays and TeV gamma rays.
Aims. We use ~9.5 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) to disentangle gamma-ray emission from the two components in the energy range from 10 GeV to 2 TeV, bridging the gap between previous measurements at GeV and TeV energies.
Methods. We determine the morphology of emission associated to Vela X separately at energies <100 and >100 GeV, and compare it to the morphology seen at other wavelengths. Then, we derive the spectral energy distribution of the two gamma-ray components over the full energy range.
Results. The best overall fit to the LAT data is provided by the combination of the two components derived at energies <100 and >100 GeV. The first component has a soft spectrum, spectral index 2.19 ± 0.16−0.22+0.05, and extends over a region of radius 1.°36±0.°04, consistent with the size of the radio nebula. The second component has a harder spectrum, spectral index
0.9 ± 0.3−0.1+0.3, and is concentrated over an area of radius 0.°63±0.°03, coincident with the X-ray cocoon that had already been established as accounting for the bulk of the emission at TeV energies.
Conclusions. The spectrum measured for the low-energy component corroborates previous evidence for a roll-over of the electron spectrum in the extended radio nebula at energies of a few tens of GeV possibly due to diffusive escape. The high-energy component has a very hard spectrum: if the emission is produced by electrons with a power-law spectrum, the electrons must be uncooled, and there is a hint that their spectrum may be harder than predictions by standard models of Fermi acceleration at relativistic shocks.
Ectopic Transcript Analysis Indicates that Allelic Exclusion is an Important Cause of Type I Protein C Deficiency in Patients with Nonsense and Frameshift Mutations in the PROC Gene
Authors: Soria José Manuel , Berg Lutz-Peter , Fontcuberta Jordi , Kakkar Vijay V , Estivill Xavier , Cooper David N , Sala Núria 
Published: July 2018

SummaryNonsense mutations, deletions and splice site mutations are a common cause of type I protein C deficiency. Either directly or indirectly by altering the reading frame, these' lesions generate or may generate premature stop codons and could therefore be expected to result in premature termination of translation. In this study, the possibility that such mutations could instead exert their pathological effects at an earlier stage in the expression pathway, through “allelic exclusion” at the RNA level, was investigated. Protein C (PROC) mRNA was analysed in seven Spanish type I protein C deficient patients heterozygous for two nonsense mutations, a 7bp deletion, a 2bp insertion and three splice site mutations. Ectopic RNA transcripts from patient and control lymphocytes were analysed by RT-PCR and direct sequencing of amplified PROC cDNA fragments. The nonsense mutations and the deletion were absent from the cDNAs indicating that only mRNA derived from the normal allele had been expressed. Similarly for the splice site mutations, only normal PROC cDNAs were obtained. In one case, exclusion of the mutated allele could be confirmed by polymorphism analysis. In contrast to these six mutations, the 2 bp insertion was not associated with loss of mRNA from the mutated allele. In this case, cDNA analysis revealed the absence of 19 bases from the PROC mRNA consistent with the generation and utilization of a cryptic splice site 3’ to the site of mutation, which would result in a frameshift and a premature stop codon. It is concluded that allelic exclusion is a common causative mechanism in those cases of type I protein C deficiency which result from mutations that introduce premature stop codons
Increase of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Levels Predicts Outcome of Leukocytopenic Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Mesters R M , Flörke N , Ostermann H , Kienast J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryVariables of the fibrinolytic system were prospectively studied in patients with haematologic malignancies in chemotherapy-induced leukocytopenia at onset and during the course of septicemia to evaluate their prognostic value. This group of patients was chosen because of their high risk of developing severe septic complications, thus allowing serial prospective testing of fibrinolytic variables prior to and during evolving sepsis or septic shock. 62 patients with febrile infectious events were accrued to the study. Of these, 13 patients progressed to severe sepsis and an additional 13 patients to septic shock as defined according to standard diagnostic criteria. At onset of fever, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity and PAI-1 antigen levels increased from normal baseline levels and were significantly higher in the group of patients who developed septic shock compared to those with severe sepsis (medians: 10.6 versus 1.3 U/ml, p = 0.0001; 50.0 versus 5.0 ng/ml, p = 0.0002). The increase in PAI activity and antigen in septic shock was accompanied by an increase in tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen and total fibrin(ogen) degradation products and a decrease in alpha2-antiplasmin activity (p < 0.006). In contrast, in the group of patients that developed severe sepsis the variables of the fibrinolytic system remained unchanged at onset of fever. These differences between septic shock apd severe sepsis were sustained throughout the septic episode for all variables (p <0.0001). PAI activity of >5 U/ml at onset of fever predicted a lethal outcome with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 100%. Thus, septic shock in leukocytopenia is associated with significant activation of the fibrinolytic system presumably as a response of the vascular endothelium to inflammatory injury. Furthermore, PAI activity measurements are sensitive markers of an unfavourable prognosis.