bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood trauma is associated with developmental trajectories of EEG coherence, alcohol-related outcomes, and PTSD symptoms
Authors: Neale Zoe E. , Bountress Kaitlin , Sheerin Christina , Saenz de Viteri Stacey , Cusack Shannon , Chorlian David , Barr Peter B. , Kaplan Isabelle , Pandey Gayathri , Osipenko Kristina A. , McCutcheon Vivia , Kuo Sally I-Chun , Cooke Megan E. , Brislin Sarah J. , Salvatore Jessica E. , Kamarajan Chella ,   COGA Investigators, Porjesz Bernice , Amstadter Ananda B. , Meyers Jacquelyn L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between childhood trauma, neurodevelopment, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are understudied during adolescence.MethodsUsing 1652 participants (51.75% female, baseline Mage = 14.3) from the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism, we employed latent growth curve models to (1) examine associations of childhood physical, sexual, and non-assaultive trauma (CPAT, CSAT, and CNAT) with repeated measures of alpha band EEG coherence (EEGc), and (2) assess whether EEGc trajectories were associated with AUD and PTSD symptoms. Sex-specific models accommodated sex differences in trauma exposure, AUD prevalence, and neural development.ResultsIn females, CSAT was associated with higher mean levels of EEGc in left frontocentral (LFC, ß = 0.13, p = 0.01) and interhemispheric prefrontal (PFI, ß = 0.16, p < 0.01) regions, but diminished growth in LFC (ß = −0.07, p = 0.02) and PFI (ß = −0.07, p = 0.02). In males, CPAT was associated with lower mean levels (ß = −0.17, p = 0.01) and increased growth (ß = 0.11, p = 0.01) of LFC EEGc. Slope of LFC EEGc was inversely associated with AUD symptoms in females (ß = −1.81, p = 0.01). Intercept of right frontocentral and PFI EEGc were associated with AUD symptoms in males, but in opposite directions. Significant associations between EEGc and PTSD symptoms were also observed in trauma-exposed individuals.ConclusionsChildhood assaultive trauma is associated with changes in frontal alpha EEGc and subsequent AUD and PTSD symptoms, though patterns differ by sex and trauma type. EEGc findings may inform emerging treatments for PTSD and AUD.
Age at onset as an index of genetic heterogeneity in major psychiatric and substance use disorders
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Henrik Ohlsson , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundRobust clinical indices of etiologic heterogeneity for psychiatric disorders are rare. We investigate whether age at onset (AAO) reflects genetic heterogeneity, utilizing Genetic Risk Ratios (GRR) derived from Family Genetic Risk Scores (FGRS).MethodsWe examined, in individuals born in Sweden 1940–2003, whether AAO for five primary disorders -- drug use disorder (DUD), alcohol use disorder (AUD), major depression (MD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ)-- was associated with varying levels of GRRs with a range of informative secondary disorders and traits.ResultsOur disorders displayed a varying pattern of change of GRRs with increasing AAO. At one end was SZ, where all GRRs rose with increasing AAO meaning that SZ became increasing genetically heterogeneous with later AAO. The most balanced disorder was AUD where, with increasing AAO, GRRs rose for AD, BD, and MD and declined for DUD, CB, and ADHD. That is, at young AAO, AUD had high levels of genetic risk for other externalizing disorders while at older AAO, high genetic risk for internalizing disorders were more prominent. MD was at the continuum's other end where all GRRs, except for AD, decreased with higher AAO, meaning that MD became increasingly genetically homogeneous with later AAO.ConclusionsGenetic heterogeneity was robustly associated with AAO across our five primary disorders with substantial inter-disorder differences in the observed patterns. In particular, young AAO was associated with maximal genetic homogeneity for SZ and DUD while older AAO had greater genetic homogeneity for MD with AUD falling in between.
Concept Mapping: An Innovative Approach to Clinical Case Analysis in an Undergraduate Medical Education Curriculum in Social Sciences, Humanities, Ethics, and Professionalism
Authors: Berger Jeffrey T. , Ribeiro Miller Dana , Mooney Melissa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although ethics is increasingly integrated in the curriculum of U.S. medical schools, it remains not well integrated with system issues, and social and structural contexts of illness. Moreover, ethical analysis is not often taught as a clinical skill. To address these issues, an outcomes driven course in Social Sciences, Humanities, Ethics and Professionalism (SHEP) was created. Within the course, a web-based concept mapping device, SHEP Case Analysis Tool (SCAT), was created which schematizes the structure and flow of clinical cases from diagnosis to treatment options, to shared decision making to outcome, and includes key stakeholders, influences, and structural features of the health system. In the course, each student analyzes a case in which they were directly involved using SCAT and presents their analysis to faculty and peers. This exercise 1) reinforces knowledge-based portions of the course pedagogy, 2) supports meta-cognition and critical thinking through concept mapping, 3) applies multidimensional analysis to identify ethical, social, and system issues that impact patient-care. 4) develops problem solving skills, 5) counters the hidden curriculum/support professional identity formation, and 6) develops skills in reflective discourse. This paper outlines the development and use of this concept mapping case analysis tool in an undergraduate medical education curriculum.
(In)stability in American public attitudes toward Jews: a panel analysis
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPolls for the past several decades indicate high regard for Jews in democracies in Western Europe and North American. We however have a limited understanding of the properties underlying those poll responses, for instance whether response bias or nonattitudes account for those results. The nonattitudes perspective suggests that respondents’ survey answers to questions about Jews are not true attitudes. Nonattitudes are weakly held responses to survey questions, and tend to be unstable over time, reflecting random as opposed to systematic change. This paper uses panel data from Voter Study Group surveys to test for individual-level stability in attitudes toward Jews by non-Jews in the United States in the 2010s to assess whether such attitudes are true or nonattitudes. Results suggest considerable instability especially when compared to attitudes toward Muslims, Democrats, and Republicans, suggesting a high degree of nonattitudes in non-Jews attitudes toward Jews. The conclusion offers reasons that might account for this instability in attitudes toward Jews and implications for the continuation of positive regard for Jews in western democracies.
ARTEMIS Observations of Lunar Crustal Field‐Solar Wind Interaction and Impact on Reflected Plasma Under Weak Radial IMF
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , An Xin , Madanian Hadi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMagnetic anomalies or crustal fields are frequently observed close to the lunar surface, yet their interaction with the ambient plasma is not fully understood. Utilizing data from the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) spacecraft, we perform case studies of such interactions under radial, weak interplanetary magnetic field. Our analysis shows that while the lunar crustal field direction did not directly affect the velocity and density of reflected ions, it locally increased their pitch angles, favoring growth of ultralow‐frequency waves. Additionally, we find that while the solar wind ions were demagnetized, retaining a nearly constant velocity, the magnetized electrons acquired significant perpendicular drift velocity due to the crustal field, resulting in a Hall current. This current altered the field strength near the lunar surface. The calculated loss cone angles of electrons reflected by the near‐surface field estimated from the Hall current are consistent with observations, suggesting that the crustal field was dominated by the Hall magnetic field. Our study advances our understanding of how lunar crustal fields interact with the solar wind and modify the nearby reflected plasma.
Challenges in Submarine Fiber‐Optic Earthquake Monitoring
Authors: Igel Jonas K. H. , Klaasen Sara , Noe Sebastian , Nomikou Paraskevi , Karantzalos Konstantinos , Fichtner Andreas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUtilizing existing telecommunication cables for Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) experiments has eased the collection of seismological data in previously difficult‐to‐access areas such as the ocean bottom. To assess the potential of submarine DAS for monitoring seismic activity, we conducted an experiment from mid‐October to mid‐December 2021 using a 45 km long dark fiber extending from the Greek island of Santorini along the ocean bottom to the neighboring island of Ios. This region is of great geophysical and public interest because of its historical and recent seismic and volcanic activity, especially along the Kolumbo volcanic chain. Besides recording anthropogenic noise and around 1,000 seismic events, we observe the primary and secondary microseisms in the submarine section, the latter inducing Scholte waves in a sediment layer where the cable is well‐coupled. By using the spectral element wave propagation solver Salvus, we compute synthetic strains for earthquakes with varying degrees of model complexity. Despite including topography, a water layer, and a heterogeneous velocity model, we are unable to reproduce the lack of coherence in our observed earthquake waveforms. Backpropagation simulations for four observed earthquakes indicate that clear convergence of the wavefield, and thus the ability to constrain a source region, is only possible when all model complexities are considered. We conclude that, despite the promising emergence of DAS, monitoring capabilities are limited by often unfavorable cable geometries, cable coupling, and the complexity of the medium. Interrogating multiple cables simultaneously or jointly analyzing DAS and seismometer data could help improve future monitoring experiments.
Deciphering white matter microstructural alterations in catatonia according to ICD-11: replication and machine learning analysis
Authors: Peretzke Robin , Neher Peter F. , Brandt Geva A. , Fritze Stefan , Volkmer Sebastian , Daub Jonas , Northoff Georg , Bohn Jonas , Kirchhoff Yannick , Roy Saikat , Maier-Hein Klaus H. , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Hirjak Dusan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCatatonia is a severe psychomotor disorder characterized by motor, affective and cognitive-behavioral abnormalities. Although previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggested white matter (WM) dysconnectivity in the pathogenesis of catatonia, it is unclear whether microstructural alterations of WM tracts connecting psychomotor regions might contribute to a better classification of catatonia patients. Here, diffusion-weighted MRI data were collected from two independent cohorts (whiteCAT/replication cohort) of patients with (n = 45/n = 13) and without (n = 56/n = 26) catatonia according to ICD-11 criteria. Catatonia severity was examined using the Northoff (NCRS) and Bush-Francis (BFCRS) Catatonia Rating Scales. We used tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), tractometry (TractSeg) and machine-learning (ML) to classify catatonia patients from tractometry values as well as tractomics features generated by the newly developed tool RadTract. Catatonia patients showed fractional anisotropy (FA) alterations measured via TractSeg in different corpus callosum segments (CC_1, CC_3, CC_4, CC_5 and CC_6) compared to non-catatonia patients across both cohorts. Our classification results indicated a higher level of performance when trained on tractomics as opposed to traditional tractometry values. Moreover, in the CC_6, we successfully trained two classifiers using the tractomics features identified in the whiteCAT data. These classifiers were applied separately to the whiteCAT and replication cohorts, demonstrating comparable performance with Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) values of 0.79 for the whiteCAT cohort and 0.76 for the replication cohort. In contrast, training on FA tractometry resulted in lower AUROC values of 0.66 for the whiteCAT cohort and 0.51 for the replication cohort. In conclusion, these findings underscore the significance of CC WM microstructural alterations in the pathophysiology of catatonia. The successful use of an ML based classification model to identify catatonia patients has the potential to improve diagnostic precision.
BRAF inhibitors enhance erythropoiesis and treat anemia through paradoxical activation of MAPK signaling
Authors: Wu Shunkang , Deng Yuelin , Sun Haobo , Liu Xuewen , Zhou Shuo , Zhao Hanxi , Li Huan , Guo Fusheng , Yue Qiuyu , Wu Fan , Zhao Xinying , Li Na , Zhu Shicong , Hu Qi , Xie Si , Zheng Jie , Lv Meng , Kong Yuan , Huang Xiao-Jun , Lei Xiaoguang , Tong Xiangmin , Gao Xiaofei , Lee Hsiang-Ying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractErythropoiesis is a crucial process in hematopoiesis, yet it remains highly susceptible to disruption by various diseases, which significantly contribute to the global challenges of anemia and blood shortages. Current treatments like erythropoietin (EPO) or glucocorticoids often fall short, especially for hereditary anemias such as Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). To uncover new erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, we devised a screening system using primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We discovered that BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), commonly used to treat BRAFV600E melanoma, can unexpectedly and effectively promote progenitor cell proliferation by temporarily delaying erythroid differentiation. Notably, these inhibitors exhibited pronounced efficacy even under cytokine-restricted conditions and in patient samples of DBA. Mechanistically, although these BRAFi inhibit the MAPK cascade in BRAFV600E mutant cells, they paradoxically act as amplifiers in wild-type BRAF cells, potently enhancing the cascade. Furthermore, we found that while the oncogenic BRAFV600E mutation disrupts hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis through AP-1 hyperactivation, BRAFi minimally impact HSPC self-renewal and differentiation. In vivo studies have shown that BRAFi can enhance human hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis in severe immunodeficient mouse models and alleviate anemia in the Rpl11 haploinsufficiency DBA model, as well as other relevant anemia models. This discovery underscores the role of the MAPK pathway in hematopoiesis and positions BRAFi as a promising therapeutic option for improving hematopoietic reconstitution and treating anemias, including DBA.
Influenza A(H5N1) shedding in air corresponds to transmissibility in mammals
Authors: Tosheva Ilona I. , Filaire Fabien , Rijnink Willemijn F. , de Meulder Dennis , van Kekem Bianca , Bestebroer Theo M. , Funk Mathis , Spronken Monique I. , Cáceres C. Joaquin , Perez Daniel R. , Richard Mathilde , Koopmans Marion P. G. , Fraaij Pieter L. A. , Fouchier Ron A. M. , Herfst Sander 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn increase in spillover events of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses to mammals suggests selection of viruses that transmit well in mammals. Here we use air-sampling devices to continuously sample infectious influenza viruses expelled by experimentally infected ferrets. The resulting quantitative virus shedding kinetics data resembled ferret-to-ferret transmission studies and indicated that the absence of transmission observed for earlier A(H5N1) viruses was due to a lack of infectious virus shedding in the air, rather than the absence of necessary mammalian adaptation mutations. Whereas infectious human A(H1N1pdm) virus was efficiently shed in the air, infectious 2005 zoonotic and 2024 bovine A(H5N1) viruses were not detected in the air. By contrast, shedding of infectious virus was observed for 1 out of 4 ferrets infected with a 2022 European polecat A(H5N1) virus and a 2024 A(H5N1) virus isolated from a dairy farm worker.
Membrane mechanics dictate axonal pearls-on-a-string morphology and function
Authors: Griswold Jacqueline M. , Bonilla-Quintana Mayte , Pepper Renee , Lee Christopher T. , Raychaudhuri Sumana , Ma Siyi , Gan Quan , Syed Sarah , Zhu Cuncheng , Bell Miriam , Suga Mitsuo , Yamaguchi Yuuki , Chéreau Ronan , Nägerl U. Valentin , Knott Graham , Rangamani Padmini , Watanabe Shigeki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAxons are ultrathin membrane cables that are specialized for the conduction of action potentials. Although their diameter is variable along their length, how their morphology is determined is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that unmyelinated axons of the mouse central nervous system have nonsynaptic, nanoscopic varicosities ~200 nm in diameter repeatedly along their length interspersed with a thin cable ~60 nm in diameter like pearls-on-a-string. In silico modeling suggests that this axon nanopearling can be explained by membrane mechanical properties. Treatments disrupting membrane properties, such as hyper- or hypotonic solutions, cholesterol removal and nonmuscle myosin II inhibition, alter axon nanopearling, confirming the role of membrane mechanics in determining axon morphology. Furthermore, neuronal activity modulates plasma membrane cholesterol concentration, leading to changes in axon nanopearls and causing slowing of action potential conduction velocity. These data reveal that biophysical forces dictate axon morphology and function, and modulation of membrane mechanics likely underlies unmyelinated axonal plasticity.
Nanomechanical detection to empower robust monitoring of sepsis and microbial adaptive immune system-mediated proinflammatory disease
Authors: Thanapirom Kessarin , Al-Akkad Walid , Pelut Aylin , Sadouki Zahra , Finkel Jemima B. , Nardi-Hiebl Stefan , Vogt Wieland , Vojnar Benjamin , Wulf Hinnerk , Eberhart Leopold , McHugh Timothy D , Rombouts Krista , Pinzani Massimo , Tsochatzis Emmanouil , Ndieyira Joseph W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe correlation between circulating microbes and sepsis as well as proinflammatory diseases is increasingly gaining recognition. However, the detection of microbes’ cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which exist at concentrations of a billion times lower than blood proteins, poses a significant challenge for early disease detection. Here, we present Nano mechanics combined with highly sensitive readout sequences to address the challenges of ultralow counts of disease biomarkers, thus enabling robust quantitative monitoring of chronic medical conditions at different stages of human disease progression. To showcase the effectiveness of our approach, we employ fragments of cfDNA and human cell secretory proteins as models with predictive capabilities for human diseases. Notably, our method reveals a reliable representation over an impressive three to four orders of magnitude in the detection limit and dynamic range, surpassing commercially available quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) commonly used in routine clinical practice. This concept underpins a highly sensitive and selective medical device designed for the early detection of circulating microbes in patients undergoing intensive cancer therapy. This will help pinpoint individuals at risk of complications, including damage to the intestinal barrier and development of neutropenic fever/Sirsa/Sepsis. Moreover, this approach introduces new avenues for stratifying antibiotic prophylaxis in proinflammatory diseases.
Modification of glass screen printed electrodes with graphene quantum dots for enhanced power output in miniaturized microbial fuel cells
Authors: Mao Yuvraj Maphrio , Amreen Khairunnisa , Calay Rajnish Kaur , Banerjee Aritro , Goel Sanket 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper demonstrates screen-printing technique, Glass Screen printed (GSP) on glass layer with Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) via drop casting approach to manufacture electrodes for Miniaturized Microbial Fuel Cells (MMFCs). MMFCs are viable options to sustainably operate low-power devices such as sensors, implantable medical devices, etc. However, the technology is still not fully mature for practical applications due to limitations of output power. Materials and design improvements are required for decreasing internal resistance for better electron transfer and improving overall performance. In this work the electrodes manufactured by GSP technique, and anode modified by GQD was tested in MMFC using RO wastewater. It was found that the GQDs increased the surface area to improve electron transfer kinetics at the anode. As a result, GQDs-based GSPEs showed 7.4 times higher power output 332 nW/cm2 compared to its unaltered electrode which displayed a power output of 44.8 nW/cm2. Electrodes made by GSP technique are more durable and less susceptible to biofouling and corrosion compared to conventional methods. The modified anodes further showed sustained output for long term operation.
Spontaneous nanosized liposome formation from crude dried lecithin upon addition of glycerol
Authors: Marangoni Alejandro G. , Pensini Erica 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanosized liposomal vesicles (NLV) were successfully prepared using natural sunflower lecithin without the use of high-pressure homogenization or filtration. Upon glycerol addition to dispersions of lecithin multilamellar vesicles (MLVs), these broke down spontaneously to liposomes with diameters in the range of 100–200 nm. Static light scattering demonstrated that glycerol addition above 30% (w/w) induced the complete transformation of MLVs into NLVs. Langmuir trough compression experiments showed a two-region compressional behavior. Upon 62% (w/w) glycerol addition, the compressional modulus of the liposomes decreased from 18.5 to 8.13 mN/m. Water activity and pulse NMR measurements also showed a divergence in behavior above 30% (w/w) glycerol. Liposomes were not birefringent in water but became strongly birefringent at and above 30% (w/w) glycerol, as determined by polarized light microscopy, and lost all birefringence above 80% (w/w). This was interpreted as the induction of stress-birefringence in the phospholipid bilayers above 30% (w/w) glycerol, and a relaxation of such stress above 80% (w/w) glycerol. We hypothesize that the mixture of phospholipids in the lecithin results in an effective non-zero intrinsic curvature for the molecular mixture, which lowers the bending energy of the bilayer, allowing for an easier break-up upon mixing. Secondly, glycerol addition decreases attractive van der Waals’ interaction between lamellae in an MLV, thus weakening the multilamellar liposome walls. Glycerol also affects bilayer stability by strengthening the hydrogen bond network of water, which will affect phospholipid headgroup hydration. All these factors result in the spontaneous breakdown of MLVs into NLVs.