bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND HPTLC BASED COMPARATIVE STUDY ON LEAVES OF MERREMIA EMARGINATA BURM. F. AND CENTELLA ASIATICA (L.) URBAN
Authors: K. C. MANJU , JOHN ANITHA , A. SAKKEENA , V. GAYATHRI DEVI , B. NEETHU KANNAN , A. KANAGARAJAN 
Published: May 2019

Objective: In this study, an attempt was made to generate information based on botanical, physicochemical and HPTLC data needed for proper identification and authentication of M. emarginata and C. asiatica belonging to two different families.
Methods: Botanical study comprises of macroscopy, microscopy and powder microscopy of leaves of both crude drugs. The physicochemical parameters such as water-soluble extractive, alcohol soluble extractive and loss on drying at 105℃, total ash, acid insoluble ash, and volatile oil were determined according to standard methods. HPTLC studies of chloroform extracts of leaves of both drugs were conducted at 254 nm, 366 nm and 575 nm after derivatisation using vanillin-sulphuric acid and the results were documented.
Results: The present study reveals that microscopy and most of the physicochemical parameters of both the plant materials are different. Anatomy of the leaves showed two main characteristic differences. First plenty of trichome with trichome base and calcium oxalate crystal is common in M. emarginata, which is not observed in C. asiatica. Both plants have different venation patterns and leaf constants. The total ash content and the solubility in alcohol and water for leaves of C. asiatica are higher than that of M. emarginata. The HPTLC fingerprinting pattern obtained for both drugs are different.
Conclusion: All the results obtained from this study help in determining differences and similarities of leaves of M. emarginata and C. asiatica and thereby preventing adulteration and substitution and emphasizing the importance of standardization.
PEMANFAATAN KULIT PISANG DALAM DEGRADASI ZAT AKTIF PIRIDABEN PADA PESTISIDA SAMITE 135EC
Authors: Saputra Roni 
Published: May 2019

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Pyridaben is a pesticide substance of akarisida organoklor. The problem in using this pesticide is the potential poison in pesticide samite 135EC, which may destroy the environment. The peel of banana has few of biochemistry components to bunch the ionic of metal strongly. This research aims to find out the effectiveness of banana’s peel in resrving pyridaben substance from pesticide samite 135EC.</em></p><p><em>This research is a kind of experimental research that use random comprehensively design. The subject of this research is pyridaben substance in pesticide samite 135EC and the peel of banana.</em></p><p><em>The result of the reseach showed optimum concentration to absorb pyridaben by the peel of banana was 50 mg/L with percentage of 29%. Optimum contack time were needed to adsorb pyridaben solution is 12 hours with percentage of 86% and optimum powder weight is 150 mg with percentage 86%.</em></p><p><em>From the test result of the reseach can be concluded that peel of banana powder is effective in absorbing pyridaben compound in pesticide samite 135EC at concentration 50 mg/L, contack time 12 hours, and peel of banana powder weight 150 mg. Suggestion for the next researcher is need to do experiment of applying peel of banana powder in environment especially agriculture environment.</em><em></em></p><p> </p><p class="Style5"><em>Abstrak</em><em></em></p><p><em>Piridaben merupakan salah satu senyawa pestisida yang tergolong akarisida organoklor. Masalah yang timbul dari penggunaan pestisida ini adalah potensi racun yang terkandung dalam pestisida Samite 135 EC, yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan. Kulit pisang mengandung beberapa komponen biokimia sehingga kuat untuk mengikat ion-ion logam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas limbah kulit pisang dalam menyerap senyawa Piridaben yang terdapat dalam pestisida samite 135EC.</em></p><p><em>Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan jenis rancangan penelitian acak lengkap. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah senyawa piridaben dalam pestisida samite 135EC dan limbah kulit pisang.</em></p><p><em>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi optimum untuk menyerap larutan piridaben oleh serbuk kulit pisang adalah 50 mg/L dengan persentase sebesar 29%. Waktu kontak optimum yang dibutuhkan untuk menyerap larutan piridaben adalah selama 12 jam dengan persentase sebesar 86%, dan berat serbuk optimum adalah 150 mg dengan persentase penyerapan sebesar 86%.</em></p><p><em>Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa serbuk kulit pisang efektif dalam menyerap senyawa piridaben dalam pestisida samite 135EC pada konsentrasi 50 mg/L, waktu kontak 12 jam dan berat serbuk kulit pisang 150 mg. Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya adalah perlu dilakukan uji coba pengaplikasian penggunaan serbuk kulit pisang di lingkungan khususnya lingkungan pertanian.</em></p><p><em> </em></p>
TRADISI MALAM SELIKURAN KRATON KASUNANAN SURAKARTA
Authors: Bakri Syamsul , Muhadiyatiningsih Siti Nurlaili 
Published: May 2019

Abstract: This paper describes the process of constructing a tradition called as Malem Selikuran in Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta, the meaning of symbol in Malem Selikuran, and the relevance of the symbolic meaningtoward the peopleâ€™s lives. The analytical methods implemented in this paper were historical continuity, verstehen and hermeneutic. The results are synthesized as the following. First, Malem Selikuran tradition is ahistorical product of the process from adaptation of Islam in Javanese culture. This religious cultural product simultaneously became a distinctive religious characteristic in Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta, as the successorto the relay of the Islamic Javanese Kingdom of Mataram. Second, the tradition has the orders of moralities that apply symbolic language. Javanese people use the symbols to convey moral and religious messages. The message of Malem Selikuran ritual with various ritual equipment shows that the people of Surakarta Kasunan Palace uphold the importance of maintaining the harmony between humans and Allah SWT, and also between humans and the universe (amemayu hayuning bawana) based on the spirit of monotheism, morals and sufism. Third, the relevance of the symbolic meaning of Selikuran Keraton Surakarta for the peopleâ€™s lives is on the historical and cultural plains. Historically, the ceremony of it reminds us of how Islam and Javanese culture havedistinctive characteristics of integration in the history of Islamization in Java. Likewise, culturally, Malem Selikuran tradition is a creative work of Muslims in Java in order to give an identity to their community.
DINAMIKA HISAB TAQWIM TAREKAT SYATTARIYAH DI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Sutan Mamad Firdaus 
Published: May 2019

Taqwim is one of the methods to determine the beginning of Ramadan taught by Shaykh Burhan al-Din Ulakan in Syattariyah Tariqa. This study is interesting to be investigated because there were some dynamical phenomena happened in West Sumatra in terms of determining the beginning of Ramadan. There was a particular society that followed the Governmentâ€™s decision regarding the beginning of Ramadan, there was also a certain group of people who performed the Ramadan earlier than the Governmentâ€™s decision, there was even a certain society who started the fasting one day after the Governmentâ€™s decision. The more interesting one, among the adherents of Syattariyah, there were also differences to determine the first day of Ramadan. The problem is why the dynamics in determining the first day of Ramadan happened in West Sumatra. This study implemented the method of philological approach to history. From this study, it can be generated that the dynamics occur because the taqwim taught by Shaykh Burhan al-Din is not just one method to determine the beginning of Ramadan, so it is being debatedamong the adherents of Syattariyah. It has happened throughout the generation within their strong basis of thought and philosophy.
Kemampuan Menulis Paragraf Eksposisi Oleh Siswa Kelas VII SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan
Authors: Lestari P Oktavia 
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan menulis paragraf eksposisi oleh siswa kelas VII SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan yang berjumlah 40 orang (empat puluh) siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, instrument penelitian yaitu tes kemampuan menulis paragraf eksposisi. Setelah menghitung dan mengolah data dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa mengetahui kemampuan menulis paragraf eksposisi berdasarkan teknik klasifikasi oleh siswa kelas VII SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan berada pada tingkat cukup. Hal ini diketahui dari nilai rata- rata yang diperoleh siswa yaitu 5,90 yang dibulatkan menjadi 6. Kata kunci: Kemampuan Menulis, Paragraf, Paragraf Eksposisi
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH THROUGH SEMANTIC MAPPING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Sitanggang Ridho Sari C. , Ginting Siti Aisah 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT This study attempts to improve students’ achievement in writing descriptive paragraph through Semantic Mapping Technique. This study was conducted by using classroom action research. The subject of the research was class (IX/A) SMP St. Petrus Medan that consisted of (30) students. The research was conducted in two cycles. The instruments of collecting data were quantitative data (Writing Test) and Qualitative data (diary notes, observation sheet, interview and questionnaire sheet). Based on the data analyzing, it is found that students’ writing descriptive paragraph has improved from the orientation test to the test I and test II of the first and second cycle. It means that there is improvement in students’ writing descriptive paragraph affected by semantic mapping. It can be seen from the improvement of the students’ mean score for orientation test (52,5); test cycle I (62,04); and test cycle II (71,25). The students’ score continuously improved in each test. Therefore, it can be concluded that Semantic Mapping Technique can improve students’ achievement in writing descriptive paragraph. Keywords: students’ achievement, writing, genre, semantic mapping technique
THE EFFECT OF THINK PAIR SHARE TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING
Authors: Utami Dessy Putri , Sumarsih Sumarsih 
Published: May 2019

This study aims to find out whether students’ achievement taught by using Think Pair Share Technique has significant effect than taught Dictation Technique in Speaking. The research was conducted by Experimental research using in two groups. They are experimental used Think Pair Share Technique and Control used Dictation Technique. The subject of this were the students of SMAN 6 Medan class X-2 and X-3 consisted of 38 students for each class. The data was taken from Speaking test. After analyzing the data, it was found that the value of t-obs was 3.982 with degree of freedom (df) 38 at the level of significance p (0.05) = 2.024. It means that t-obs is higher than t-table. It was found that students achievement in Speaking taught by Think Pair Share Technique has significant effect than Dictation Technique. Keywords : Think Pair Share, Speaking Achievement, Dictation
THE EFFECT OF GROUP INVESTIGATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Siregar Renol Aprico , Saragih Willem 
Published: May 2019

The objective of the study was to find out the effect of Group Investigation method on students’ writing achievement on narrative text. The study was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this study was eight classes of the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Kotapinang. The samples were taken by using clustering technique and two of the eight classes which was consisted of 60 students used as the samples, one class as experimental group and the other class as control group. In the treatment, the experimental group was taught by using Group Investigation method, the control group was taught without using Group Investigation method. Writing narrative text test was used as the instrument for collecting the data. Therefore, after analyzing the data, it was found that the value of was 3.02 with the degree of freedom (df) = 58 at that level of significance (α=0.05) = 2.00. It means that was considerably higher than (3.02 > 2.00). The result of this study shows Group Investigation method has a significant effect on students’ achievement in writing report text. Key words : Group Investigation, Narrative text, Writing achievement
POLITENESS STRATEGIES USED BY AN ENGLISH TEACHER IN THE CLASSROOM AT MTS SWASTA AL-JIHAD MEDAN
Authors: Sari Jumita , Husein Rahmad , Bahri Syamsul 
Published: May 2019

This study aimed at investigating types of politeness strategies used by an English teacher in the classroom, and to describe the reasons politeness strategies realized by English teacher in the classroom. This study was conducted by applying descriptive qualitative research. The source of the data was an English teacher of class VIII in MTs Swasta Al-Jihad Medan. The researcher used random sampling technique. The instruments of this study were interview and video recording. The data were analyzed using data descriptive. The findings of the result were that: (1) There were three of politeness strategies, namely: Bald on Record (38.1%), Positive Politeness (33.33%), and Negative Politeness (28.57%) and Off Record (0%). (2) Bald on Record was realized because it made close relationship between teacher and students, Positive Politeness was realized because to give respect to the students during teaching learning process, Negative Politeness was realized to maintain closer friend among them, and Off Record never realized by English teacher during teaching learning process. Keywords: Politeness, Politeness Strategies, and Roles of Teacher.
EXAMINING EFL CLASSROOM INTERACTION BASED ON SINCLAIR AND COULTHARD MODEL
Authors: Wulanda Nurul , Pulungan Anni Holila , Pane Isli Iriani Indiah 
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study were (a) to identify classroom discourse patternings of EFL classroom interaction based on Sinclair and Coulthard Model, and (b) to describe how EFL classroom interaction affects the students’ learning process based on Sinclair and Coulthard Model. The subject of this study were an English Teacher, and 40 students of XI MIA 1, SMA Swasta Nurul Iman. The instrument for collecting data were observation and recording. The result of this research were the following, (a) it was found that in the classroom discourse, there were seven patterns initiated by the teacher and four patterns initiated by the student as the IRF (Initiation-Response-Feedback) was used more often by the teacher, (b) the interaction affects the teaching learning process in a way how the lesson passed on to the student affects the goal of learning English itself to be able to use English both inside and outside the classroom. It can be concluded that the students were not getting used to interact with English, and the goal of communicative skill in English was not achieved. Thus, the teachers should reorganize the activities which can foster more interaction by using English in the classroom. Keywords: Classroom interaction, classroom discourse, Sinclair and Coulthard, IRF Pattern.
TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION OF NARRATIVE TEXT TO THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS
Authors: Bukit Emi Br , Sibarani Berlin , Rika Rika 
Published: May 2019

This study aims at describing how the teachers teach reading comprehension of narrative text to the tenth grade students in Sibolangit and revealing the underlying reasons of why do they do that way. This study was conducted by using qualitative research design. The subject of this study were two english teachers who taught at tenth grade students of two SMA in Sibolangit they are : SMA Negeri 1 Sibolangit and SMA RK Deli Murni Bandar Baru in academic year 2016/ 2017. The data were analyzed by using Miles and Huberman data analysis technique. The technique of collecting the data was recorded from the classroom process in teaching reading comprehension of narrative text. The findings of the study show that most of teachers’ ways are not yet focusing on teaching reading comprehension but rather focusing teaching the knowledge of genre. The underlying reason of the teachers’ ways in teaching reading comprehension did not facilitate reading comprehension. It was due to the misperception of the concept of teaching reading comprehension. Keywords : Teaching,Reading Comprehension,Narrative Text.
THE EFFECT OF USING CIRC IN TEACHING WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT AT GRADE XI STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Manullang Juni Anto , Dirgeyasa I Wayan , Erlita Yeni 
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to find out whether the effect of using CIRC technique in writing narrative can improve students’ achievement in writing narrative text. It was conducted by using experimental research. The population of this study was eleventh grade of SMAN 1 Siempat Nempu Hulu, which was consisted of 4 classes. Two classes were taken as the sample by using random sampling technique. The class XI IPA 1 was as experimental group and XI IPA 2 was as the control group. The experimental group was taught by using CIRC, otherwise control group was taught by using conventional technique. The instrument for collecting data was writing test. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The result shows that CIRC has a significant effect on students achievement in writing narrative text. The result shows that the t-observed is higher than t-table (3.102 > 2.024 (α=0.05)) with the degree of freedom (df) = 20. Therefore, CIRC significantly affects on the students’ ability in writing narrative text. Keyword: Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC ), Writing, Narrative text.
STUDENT TALK IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM INTERACTION AT SMA NEGERI 2 BINJAI
Authors: Sari Windi Love Pita , Gurning Busmin , Saragih Willem 
Published: May 2019

This study was aimed at finding out the types of student talk, the dominant type of student talk and the reasons why the students used the dominant type of student talk during teaching-learning process at SMA Negeri 2 Binjai in 2016/2017 academic year. This qualitative research used 40 students in grade XII as the source data and the researcher used audio recording, observational tally sheet, and matrix as the instruments for collecting data. The data got by using Flanders Interaction Analysis Category (FIAC). The analysis showed that students were still passive in speaking in the classroom interaction. The total percentage of student talk was 36,44%. The percentages of student talk in the first meeting were: 11,63% of student talk-response and 9,42% of student talk-initiation. Then, the percentages of student talk in the second meeting were: 11,35% for student talk-response and 4,04% for student talk-initiation. The dominant type of student talk was student talk-response by 22,98%. The researcher found the reasons by interviewing the students. The reasons why the students used the dominant type student talk-response were: (a) responding to the teacher’s question was the obligation of the students, (b) the students were understood and interested with the topic, (c) the students want to increase their ability in speaking English because the students seldom speak English outside of classroom, (d) some students do not speak confidently in the class, so by responding to the teacher will build up their confidence, (e) the students want to increase their ability in speaking English in order to build up their confidence, (f) by responding to the teacher’s question, it made the students more active in the classroom. Keywords: classroom interaction, student talk, Flanders Interaction Analysis Category (FIAC).
DEVELOPING READING MATERIALS FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS BASED ON CONTENT AREA
Authors: Lubis Anggita Kasanra , Gurning Busmin , Nasution Rafika Dewi 
Published: May 2019

Reading is the basic in learning every subject. The more understanding the text, the more information students can gain. However, the reading materials that the students use is not appropriate based on syllabus. Therefore, the reading materials should be developed to fulfil the syllabus and the students' needs also. Because English is included Content Area Reading, so the development of reading materials is based on content area which focus on strengthen the vocabularies, specifically the unfamiliar ones, by giving glossary and related pictures. The developed text is only focus in the first semester which is descriptive and recount text. The research was conducted at SMP Muhammadiyah 7 Medan. The data was taken from interviewing the English teacher and distributing questionnaires for 30 students in grade VIII-4. The data showed that students need materials which is related to their environment and constructed by familiar vocabularies. Based on the result of the study, conclusion and suggestion are directed to the English teacher who is teaching in that school to provide reading materials based on syllabus and students' needs regularly. Keywords: Developing, Reading Materials, Content Area
The Quality of English Final Test at the Second Semester of Third Grade Students of SMAN 1 Pagaran in Academic Year 2016/2017
Authors: Lumbantoruan Horhon , Murni Sri Minda , Pane Isli Iriani Indiah 
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study is to find out the quality of the English final test designed for the second semester of third grade students of SMAN 1 Pagaran in academic year 2016/2017. It describes whether or not the test items have good characteristic of test in terms of validity, reliability, difficulty level, and discriminating power. The test consists of 35 items multiple choice forms. The research design uses in this study was Descriptive Qualitative Research. To find out the discriminating power of the test, the writer chose the top 31% for the upper group and top 31% for the lower group. The result of this study shows that there are 18 (51%) acceptable items to meet the criteria of validity and 17 items (49%) is Invalid. The test is reliable since has 0.676 the level of validity. The test has unacceptable index of difficulty since has 15 items (43%) too difficult and are only 5 items (14%) easy items. Whereas for discriminating power index, the writer found there are 7 (20%) has negative result of the point have to be discard, 6 (17%) poor items, 8 (22%) satisfactory items, 13 (38%) good items, and 1 (3 %) excellent item. In conclusion, English final test designed for the second semester of third grade students of SMAN 1 Pagaran in academic year 2016/2017 does not meet the criteria of effective and acceptable test.Keywords: Validity, Reliability, Level of Difficulty, Discrimination Power