bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Carbon Monoxide With TROPOMI: First Results and a Comparison With ECMWF‐IFS Analysis Data
Authors: Borsdorff T. , Aan de Brugh J. , Hu H. , Aben I. , Hasekamp O. , Landgraf J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) was launched onboard of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Sentinel‐5P satellite. One of the mission's key products is the total column density of carbon monoxide, inferred from TROPOMI's 2.3 μm measurements. Using the operational processing algorithm, we analyze six subsequent days of measurements during the commissioning phase. The TROPOMI product is compared with CO fields from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) assimilation system. Globally, a small mean difference between the data sets of 3.2 ± 5.5% with a correlation coefficient of 0.97 is found. The daily global coverage of TROPOMI enables it to capture day‐to‐day evolution of the atmospheric composition. As an example, we discuss the air pollution event of India in November 2017 with high carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations, which partly dispersed when the CO polluted air was transported north alongside the Himalaya to China. The striking agreement and also regional differences with ECMWF indicate new exciting applications for the TROPOMI CO data product.
Social influence in investigative interviews: The effects of reciprocity
Authors: Matsumoto David , Hwang Hyisung C. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThis study examined how a principle of social influence—reciprocity—affects the informational elements produced in an investigative interview. Participants from 3 ethnic/cultural groups recruited from the community either received a bottle of water or not prior to their engaging in an investigative interview, in which they either told the truth or lied about having committed a mock crime. Three different informational elements (Relevant details, Irrelevant details, and Plausibility) were coded from their responses, and rapport in the interaction was coded from video. Offering water facilitated greater rapport and influenced the informational elements. These effects were moderated by Veracity condition: For liars, offering water produced more Relevant details and greater Plausibility in the statements and this effect was mediated by rapport. Ethnicity/culture did not moderate these findings. These findings suggested the applicability of principles of social influence in investigative interviews across cultures/ethnicities and had theoretical, empirical, and practical implications.
Can reading time predict mind wandering in expository text?
Authors: Naylor Jamie S. , Sanchez Christopher A. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryPrior research has suggested that episodes of mind wandering not only negatively impact text comprehension but also are associated with fluctuations in reading behavior. However, these studies typically do not account for differences in the fundamental nature of the text itself, namely, whether it is narrative or expository in structure. As much research has supported the idea that these text genres are processed differently, it is of interest to determine whether similar changes in reading patterns are observed when mind wandering in an expository text. The present study examined whether fluctuations in sentence‐by‐sentence reading times were associated with periods of mindless reading during processing of an expository text. Results indicated that although mindless reading did negatively impact learning, probed reading time did not vary as a function of mind wandering. These results suggest that research aimed at studying mind wandering while reading may need to account for text genre.
No Lake Wobegon in Beijing? The impact of culture on the perception of relative ranking
Authors: Wu Shali 
Published: February 2018

SummaryA prominent example in the literature on relative ranking is the “better‐than‐average” effect: that people have a general tendency to view themselves in a positive light and think they are above average. The current paper evaluates whether such biases are specific to culture. In Experiment 1, Americans exhibited a larger better‐than‐average effect than Chinese. In Experiment 2, the study was designed to understand what drives this cultural difference. Estimates of relative standing for Americans relied more on perceptions of their own ability compared to those for Chinese participants. Relatively structured questions (experimental manipulation of the question frame) facilitate Americans making better judgments but not Chinese, supporting the hypothesis that relative‐ranking estimates are influenced by the degree to which other (vs. self) information is used cross‐culturally.
Highly Stable Plasmon Induced Hot Hole Transfer into Silicon via a SrTiO3 Passivation Interface
Authors: Matsui Takayuki , Li Yi , Hsu Min‐Hsiang Mark , Merckling Clement , Oulton Rupert F. , Cohen Lesley F. , Maier Stefan A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractExtracting plasmon‐induced hot carriers over a metal–semiconductor Schottky barrier enables photodetection below the semiconductor bandgap energy. However, interfacial carrier recombination hinders the efficiency and stability of this process, severely limiting its implementation in telecommunication. This study proposes and demonstrates the use of epitaxially grown lattice‐matched SrTiO3 for interfacial passivation of silicon‐based plasmonic Schottky devices. The devices are activated by an electrical soft‐breakdown of the interfacial SrTiO3 layer, resulting in reproducible rectified Schottky characteristics. The transition to a low resistance state of the SrTiO3 layer boosts the extraction efficiency of hot holes upon resonant plasmonic excitation, giving rise to a two orders of magnitude higher photocurrent compared to devices with a native oxide layer. Photoresponse, tunability, and barrier height studies under reverse biases as high as 100 V present superior stability with the incorporation of the SrTiO3 layer. The investigation paves the way toward plasmon‐induced photodetection for practical applications including those under challenging operating conditions.
Scalable and Highly Efficient Mesoporous Wood‐Based Solar Steam Generation Device: Localized Heat, Rapid Water Transport
Authors: Li Tian , Liu He , Zhao Xinpeng , Chen Guang , Dai Jiaqi , Pastel Glenn , Jia Chao , Chen Chaoji , Hitz Emily , Siddhartha Das , Yang Ronggui , Hu Liangbing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSolar steam generation is regarded as one of the most sustainable techniques for desalination and wastewater treatment. However, there has been a lack of scalable material systems with high efficiency under 1 Sun. A solar steam generation device is designed utilizing crossplane water transport in wood via nanoscale channels and the preferred thermal transport direction is decoupled to reduce the conductive heat loss. A high steam generation efficiency of 80% under 1 Sun and 89% under 10 Suns is achieved. Surprisingly, the crossplanes perpendicular to the mesoporous wood can provide rapid water transport via the pits and spirals. The cellulose nanofibers are circularly oriented around the pits and highly aligned along spirals to draw water across lumens. Meanwhile, the anisotropic thermal conduction of mesoporous wood is utilized, which can provide better insulation than widely used super‐thermal insulator Styrofoam (≈0.03 W m−1 K−1). The crossplane direction of wood exhibits a thermal conductivity of 0.11 W m−1 K−1. The anisotropic thermal conduction redirects the absorbed heat along the in‐plane direction while impeding the conductive heat loss to the water. The solar steam generation device is promising for cost‐effective and large‐scale application under ambient solar irradiance.
Tumor‐Specific Self‐Degradable Nanogels as Potential Carriers for Systemic Delivery of Anticancer Proteins
Authors: Zhu Qiuwen , Chen Xiaojie , Xu Xiao , Zhang Ying , Zhang Can , Mo Ran 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDevelopment of a safe and effective carrier for systemic protein delivery is highly desirable, which depends on management of the relationship among loading capacity, stability, delivery efficiency, and degradability. Here, a tumor‐specific self‐degradable nanogel composed of hyaluronidase (HAase)‐degradable hyaluronic acid (HA) matrices entrapping acid‐activatable HAase (aHAase) for systemic delivery of anticancer proteins is reported. Collaboratively crosslinked nanogels (cNG) obtained by the synthetic cholesteryl methacrylated HA show high protein‐loading capacity and stability. The aHAase is engineered by modifying the HAase with citraconic anhydride to shield its HA‐degrading activity, which can be reversibly activated by hydrolysis of the citraconic amide under acidic condition. In the tumor microenvironment, the mild acidity activates the aHAase partially, which results in swelling of the cNG and releasing of the aHAase. The released reactivated aHAase can degrade the HA that is also a major constituent of tumor extracellular matrix to increase perfusion of the cNG in the tumor stroma. In the acidic endocytic vesicles, the aHAase is fully reactivated. The active aHAase completely degrades the cNG to release the encapsulated anticancer protein, deoxyribonuclease I intracellularly, which digests the DNA to cause tumor cell death for enhanced antitumor efficacy.
Ultrasensitive and Stable Au Dimer‐Based Colorimetric Sensors Using the Dynamically Tunable Gap‐Dependent Plasmonic Coupling Optical Properties
Authors: Liu Dilong , Fang Lingling , Zhou Fei , Li Huilin , Zhang Tao , Li Cuncheng , Cai Weiping , Deng Zhaoxiang , Li Liangbin , Li Yue 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA novel Au dimer‐based colorimetric sensor is reported that consists of Au dimers to a chitosan hydrogel film. It utilizes the ultrasensitively gap‐dependent properties of plasmonic coupling (PC) peak shift, which is associated with the dynamical tuning of the interparticle gap of the Au dimer driven by the volume swelling of the chitosan hydrogel film. The interparticle gap and PC peak shift of the Au dimer can be precisely and extensively controlled through the pH‐driven volume change of chitosan hydrogel film. This colorimetric sensor exhibits a high optical sensitivity and stability, and it works in a completely reversible manner at high pH values. Importantly, the sensitivity of the composite film can be tuned by controlling the crosslinking time of the composite film, and thus leading to a wide dynamic tuning sensitive range for different applications. This presented strategy paves a way to achieve the construction of high‐quality colorimetric sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity, stability and wide dynamic tuning sensitive range.
Direct Visualization of the Reversible O2−/O− Redox Process in Li‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Li Xiang , Qiao Yu , Guo Shaohua , Xu Zhenming , Zhu Hong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Yuan Yang , He Ping , Ishida Masayoshi , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractConventional cathodes of Li‐ion batteries mainly operate through an insertion–extraction process involving transition metal redox. These cathodes will not be able to meet the increasing requirements until lithium‐rich layered oxides emerge with beyond‐capacity performance. Nevertheless, in‐depth understanding of the evolution of crystal and excess capacity delivered by Li‐rich layered oxides is insufficient. Herein, various in situ technologies such as X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy are employed for a typical material Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2, directly visualizing O−O− (peroxo oxygen dimers) bonding mostly along the c‐axis and demonstrating the reversible O2−/O− redox process. Additionally, the formation of the peroxo OO bond is calculated via density functional theory, and the corresponding OO bond length of ≈1.3 Å matches well with the in situ Raman results. These findings enrich the oxygen chemistry in layered oxides and open opportunities to design high‐performance positive electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries.
Synthesis of Spirofurooxindoles via Phenyliodine(III) Bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA)‐Mediated Cascade Oxidative C−O and C−C Bond Formation
Authors: Sun Desong , Zhao Xiaoyuan , Zhang Bobo , Cong Ying , Wan Xintong , Bao Mingmai , Zhao Xue , Li Bing , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUpon treatment with solely a hypervalent iodine reagent of phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA), 3‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐oxo‐N‐phenyl propanamides and a series of its derivatives were conveniently converted to a class of undocumented spirofurooxindoles under mild conditions. Control experiments provided evidence that this spirocyclization process encompassed a cascade oxidative reactions involving the formation of a C−O bond prior to that of C−C bond.magnified image
Transition‐Metal‐Free Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Ethyl Arylacetates with Benzoic/Cinnamic Acids: A Practical Synthesis of α‐Acyloxy Esters
Authors: Sharma Anup Kumar , Kumar Promod , Vishwakarma Ramesh Kumar , Singh Krishna Nand 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn efficient cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of benzylic C(sp3)−H of ethyl arylacetates with benzoic/cinnamic acids has been developed to afford α‐acyloxy esters in reasonably high yields under environmentally benign conditions.
Odorant Receptor 7D4 Activation Dynamics
Authors: de March Claire A. , Topin Jérémie , Bruguera Elise , Novikov Gleb , Ikegami Kentaro , Matsunami Hiroaki , Golebiowski Jérôme 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDeciphering how an odorant activates an odorant receptor (OR) and how changes in specific OR residues affect its responsiveness are central to understanding our sense of smell. A joint approach combining site‐directed mutagenesis and functional assays with computational modeling has been used to explore the signaling mechanics of OR7D4. In this OR, a genetic polymorphism affects our perception of androstenone. Molecular simulations totaling 0.12 ms predicted that, similarly to observations for other G‐protein‐coupled receptors with known experimental structures, an activation pathway connects the ligand and the G‐protein binding site. The 3D model activation mechanism correlates with in vitro data and notably predicts that the OR7D4 WM variant is not activated. Upon activation, an OR‐specific sequence motif is the convergence point of the mechanism. Our study suggests that robust homology modeling can serve as a powerful tool to capture OR dynamics related to smell perception.
Bestimmung der Verknüpfungspunkte in fluoreszenten Polymernetzwerken
Authors: Estupiñán Diego , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Barner Leonie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWir führen eine Fluoreszenz‐basierte Methode ein, die es ermöglicht, die Anzahl der Ligationspunkte in einem photochemisch hergestellten Polymernetzwerk zu bestimmen, und sprechen hiermit die schwierige Frage an, wie man die Anzahl an Verbindungspunkten in einem Netzwerk quantifiziert. Wohldefinierte α,ω‐Tetrazol‐gekappte Polymerstränge wurden mittels RAFT‐Polymerisation hergestellt und mit einem Trimaleimid mittels einer durch UV‐Bestrahlung initiierten Nitril‐Imin‐vermittelten Tetrazol‐En‐Cycloaddition vernetzt. Dadurch wird für jeden Ligationspunkt ein fluoreszierender Pyrazolinring geformt und ein fluoreszierendes Netzwerk gebildet, das durch Aminolyse der Trithiocarbonatfunktionalitäten wieder aufgelöst werden kann und somit in löslichen Fragmenten resultiert. Die Fluoreszenzemission der löslichen Netzwerkfragmente korreliert direkt mit der Anzahl der Pyrazolineinheiten im Netzwerk und somit kann die sonst schwer zu erfassende Anzahl der Netzwerkpunkte bestimmt werden. Die hier vorgestellte Strategie basiert auf einer Fluoreszenzablesung und stellt eine leistungsfähige jedoch einfache Strategie dar, um den Herstellungsprozess eines Netzwerkes zu quantifizieren, und ist darüber hinaus auf die Gruppe der Polymere, die mittels RAFT hergestellt werden können, anwendbar.
Enzymatischer oder In‐vivo‐Einbau von Propargylgruppen in Kombination mit Klick‐Chemie zur Anreicherung und Detektion von Methyltransferase‐Zielsequenzen in RNA
Authors: Hartstock Katja , Nilges Benedikt S. , Ovcharenko Anna , Cornelissen Nicolas V. , Püllen Nikolai , Lawrence‐Dörner Ann‐Marie , Leidel Sebastian A. , Rentmeister Andrea 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDie präzise, transkriptomweite Kartierung von m6A‐Positionen, einer der häufigsten internen Modifikationen in eukaryotischer mRNA, ist von großem Interesse. Eine Polymerase‐basierte Detektion von m6A ist schwierig, da die Modifikation keinen Einfluss auf die Watson‐Crick‐Basenpaarung hat. Ein chemisch‐biologischer Ansatz wurde entwickelt, der die präzise Kartierung von Zielsequenzen von Methyltransferasen (MTase) durch Einbau einer bioorthogonalen Propargylgruppe in vitro und in Zellen ermöglicht. Die Propargylgruppe wird hierbei enzymatisch von Wildtyp‐METTL3‐METTL14 angebracht. Nach Biokonjugation und Reinigung bricht die reverse Transkription an den m6A‐Positionen in 65 % der Fälle ab. Dies ermöglicht die Detektion der METTL3‐METTL14‐Zielsequenzen durch Sequenzierungsmethoden der nächsten Generation. Der metabolische Einbau von Propargylgruppen in MTase‐Zielsequenzen gelang auch in vivo mithilfe von Propargyl‐l‐selenohomocystein; so konnten bekannte rRNA‐Methylierungsstellen validiert werden.
Crystalline Radicals Derived from Classical N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Rottschäfer Dennis , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , van Gastel Maurice , Andrada Diego M. , Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOne‐electron reduction of C2‐arylated 1,3‐imidazoli(ni)um salts (IPrAr)Br (Ar=Ph, 3 a; 4‐DMP, 3 b; 4‐DMP=4‐Me2NC6H4) and (SIPrAr)I (Ar=Ph, 4 a; 4‐Tol, 4 b) derived from classical NHCs (IPr=:C{N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)}2CHCH, 1; SIPr=:C{N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)}2CH2CH2, 2) gave radicals [(IPrAr)]. (Ar=Ph, 5 a; 4‐DMP, 5 b) and [(SIPrAr)]. (Ar=Ph, 6 a; 4‐Tol, 6 b). Each of 5 a,b and 6 a,b exhibited a doublet EPR signal, a characteristic of monoradical species. The first solid‐state characterization of NHC‐derived carbon‐centered radicals 6 a,b by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction is reported. DFT calculations indicate that the unpaired electron is mainly located at the original carbene carbon atom and stabilized by partial delocalization over the adjacent aryl group.
Customizing the Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nanodots by Using Quinones in Bottom‐Up Synthesis
Authors: Rigodanza Francesco , Đorđević Luka , Arcudi Francesca , Prato Maurizio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe show how the redox potentials of carbon nanodots (CNDs) can be modulated by employing quinones as electroactive precursors during a microwave‐assisted synthesis. We prepared and characterized a redox library of CNDs, demonstrating that this approach can promote the use of carbon nanodots for ad hoc applications, including photocatalysis.
The Dewar Isomer of 1,2‐Dihydro‐1,2‐azaborinines: Isolation, Fragmentation, and Energy Storage
Authors: Edel Klara , Yang Xinyu , Ishibashi Jacob S. A. , Lamm Ashley N. , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Giustra Zachary X. , Liu Shih‐Yuan , Bettinger Holger F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe photochemistry of 1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐azaborinine derivatives was studied under matrix isolation conditions and in solution. Photoisomerization occurs exclusively to the Dewar valence isomers upon irradiation with UV light (>280 nm) with high quantum yield (46 %). Further photolysis with UV light (254 nm) results in the formation of cyclobutadiene and an iminoborane derivative. The thermal electrocyclic ring‐opening reaction of the Dewar valence isomer back to the 1,2‐dihydro‐1‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐2‐mesityl‐1,2‐azaborinine has an activation barrier of (27.0±1.2) kcal mol−1. In the presence of the Wilkinson catalyst, the ring opening occurs rapidly and exothermically (ΔH=(−48±1) kcal mol−1) at room temperature.
Novel core‐sheath antimicrobial nanofibrous mats
Authors: Kemp Renier , Klumperman Bert , Gule Nonjabulo Prudence 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe poor mechanical properties of electrospun materials remain one of the major hindrances toward their practical application. In this study, we report the synthesis of core‐sheath nanofibrous mats to enhance the mechanical properties of an antimicrobial polymer nanofiber for application in filter media. This objective was achieved via coaxial electrospinning of poly[styrene‐co‐N‐(N′,N′‐dimethyl‐3‐aminopropyl)maleimide] as the sheath which is an antimicrobial polymer and nylon 6 polymer for the core which is well reported for exceptional mechanical properties. Extensive characterization of these fibers was performed using scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy as well as attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy to provide evidence of the core‐sheath morphology. Antimicrobial evaluation was also carried out on the fabricated fibers via the live/dead fluorescence technique. This was done to determine if the poly[styrene‐co‐N‐(N′,N′‐dimethyl‐3‐aminopropyl)maleimide] retained its antimicrobial activity. The fibers were found to be effective against the Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25925) and Gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853). Subsequent tensile testing and filtration experiments provided evidence that the incorporation of the nylon core improved mechanical properties of the nanofiber mats. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46303.
Variations of the Circle of Willis at the End of the Human Embryonic Period
Authors: Furuichi Kana , Ishikawa Aoi , Uwabe Chigako , Makishima Haruyuki , Yamada Shigehito , Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTVariations of the circle of Willis (CW) influence blood supply to the brain and adjacent structures in adults. We examined the formation of the CW in 20 human embryo samples at the end of the embryonic period using 3‐D reconstructions of serial histological sections. The CW was closed in all samples, and did not form in a single plane, but was composed of multiple stair‐like planes. The artery acutely curved at the caudal part of the CW, namely, at the inlet of the basilar artery and bifurcation of the P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), reflecting flexure of the mesencephalon and diencephalon at this stage. Variations were observed in 17 of 20 samples—only anterior parts (anterior communicating artery [Acom] and anterior cerebral artery [ACA]) in 10 samples, only posterior parts (posterior communicating artery [Pcom]) in one sample, and both anterior and posterior parts in six samples. Variations included the Acom formed as partially duplicated in three samples, duplicated in four, plexiform in three, and no channel as a result of a single azygos ACA in one. The ACA formed as duplicated in two, median ACA in two, and right hypoplasia in one. The Pcom formed in hypoplasia of either side in six samples. Variations observed in this study are similar to those observed in fetuses, neonates, and adults. The P1 segment of PCA was very large in all samples. The present observations indicate that variations in the CW are present from the initiation of CW formation. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.