bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Market Society in Russia and Bitcoin
Authors: Fetisov V. D. 
Published: February 2018

The improvement of monetary systems is a topical and controversial issue in contemporary economic science. The article examines the main problems of bitcoin. The focus is on disclosing the economic essence, reasons and results of bitcoin, as well as problems of practical use in Russia. It presents the author's interpretation of the financial aspect of bitcoin and its effect on the financial situation of the individual layers of users. In conclusion, it proposes to implement cryptocurrencies in Russia as an important instrument of economic management and economic growth. Keywords: market society, bitcoin, users, results
Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Corruption Sense of Justice of Citizens of the Russian Federation as a Factor of Economic Security
Authors: A. Chos O 
Published: February 2018

The maintenance of economic security of the state is currently the most important problem of governments of all countries. This affects the economic stability of the population, the confidence of citizens to their government, relations at the international level. Law enforcement agencies need to fight threats such as money laundering and corruption. The role of citizens in this struggle is far from minimal, and their level of legal awareness has a decisive influence in this struggle. Keywords: economic security, AML / CFT, corruption, legal awareness, sense of justice
FATF Guidance on Effective Oversight in the AML/CFT System
Authors: M.Y. Andronov , P.Y. Leonov 
Published: February 2018

Fourth round of mutual evaluations of the FATF (financial action task force on money laundering, the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering, FATF) was held already in 38 countries around the world. In 2018 Russia will be cheсked.One of the elements of anti-money laundering system is the oversight activities. FATF gives guidance on its effective building. It should be provided with the risk-oriented approach. On the one hand, in order to apply its limited resources to the most dangerous areas. On the other hand, does not interfere the development of legal entrepreneurs with redundant oversight actions.The purpose of this article is to attract attention of specialists for financial monitoring to Guide FATF on the application of risk-oriented approach to oversight for AML/CFT purposes. Keywords: Legalization, countering the financing of terrorism, supervision in the sphere of AML, risk-oriented approach
Impact of Financial Technologies on the Banking Sector
Authors: I. V. Kolesova , Y. S. Girzheva 
Published: February 2018

The study was made to find out the impact of new financial technologies on the banking sector. The study examined Russian and foreign documents and opinions of authoritative experts in order to identify the risks that financial technologies bear for banks. Financial technologies are developing at a rapid pace and market participants need to adapt to them, so identification of risks that accompany them is an urgent problem for the banking sector and the economy as a whole. Keywords: financial technologies (finteh), risks, banking sector
Innovative Technologies in Combating Cyber Crime
Authors: A. D. Azernikov , A. N. Norkina , E. R. Myseva , K. A. Chicherov 
Published: February 2018

So far, development and enhancement of global communication networks, distribution of software, and upgrading of computer systems are accompanied by the evolution of criminal environment, with the latter evolving not only within one particular nation but throughout the international community. New opportunities in cyber crime translate into new threats for global information networks and community as a whole, which in terms of preventing and combating cyber crime requires substantial strengthening of information security measures and an approach that is completely different from that applied to combating common crime. The article presents innovative technologies in combating cyber crime and an ever-increasing significance of information security as a system of protecting private, public and state interests. Keywords: cyber crime, cyber security, Internet, information security, innovative technologies, computer systems, information technologies (IT), cyber threats, cyber space.
Regulating Cryptocurrencies: New Challenges to Economic Security and Problems Created by Individuals Involved in the Schemes of Laundering Cryptocurrencies-Generated Profits
Authors: R.E. Kadyrov , I.V. Prokhorov 
Published: February 2018

This article explores the mechanisms of the organization and operation of virtual payment systems. The appearance of such payment systems is associated with the development of Internet technologies in the field of mutual settlements for goods (works and services). The study aims at analyzing the classification, types of emission of cryptocurrencies, the mechanism of functioning of cryptocurrency systems; evaluating their impact on the monetary system and the involvement of individuals in the laundering of illegal incomes using cryptocurrencies; estimating prospects for the development of virtual payment systems in Russia and abroad, and defining mechanisms to counteract illegal activities. As a result, the current status of virtual cryptocurrency systems is estimated, their distinctive features and advantages are considered. The study also identifies drawbacks in the use of cryptocurrency with the involvement of individuals in the system of non-cash settlements. The results of the analysis of cryptocurrency systems can be useful for the improvement of the state monetary policy. Keywords: electronic money, bitcoin, cryptocurrency, blockchain, money laundering.
Retrospective and Prospects for the Development of Cryptocurrency
Authors: T. E. Kaminskaya , L. D. Kurbanova 
Published: February 2018

The article discusses the retrospective of cryptocurrencies, theoretical understanding of the digital currency, its value and essence. The tendencies and prospects of cryptocurrencies development. The article focuses on the lack of a legal framework regulating relations in the field of "mining" and circulation of cryptocurrencies. Keywords: cryptocurrency; digital currencies; bitcoin; electronic money; mining; cryptographic methods of information protection.
The Impact of New Methods of Money Laundering on the Economy of the State
Authors: R.G. Karlov 
Published: February 2018

Modern information technology society is based on daily use of computer technology, communication networks, mobile communication and other technical facilities. Information technology is widely used in modern society not only in the workplace, is has entered almost all spheres of human life. The article presents new methods of laundering of proceeds of crime in the modern world. Today cybercrime is getting a huge scale, every day more and more people are trying to legalize their incomes in different ways by crime. This article shows the ways of solving the problem of money laundering in order to counteract effectively against the legalization of illegal income and reduce the level of crime in this sphere of activity. Keywords: legalization (laundering) of incomes, combating, cybercrime, Internet
The Research of Automation of the Process of Indexing Tax Returns
Authors: P.Y. Leonov , N.V. Ivanov , O.S. Kotelyanets 
Published: February 2018

The article is devoted to the study of the automated search for information on tax declarations of different countries in public sources of various structures and the collection of information received in a single information storage. The first part of the paper describes methods of automated data collection and tasks that can be solved by these methods. The second part of the work describes the development of an algorithm for finding data on tax declarations from various sources and creating a prototype system that implements the data of the algorithm and provides access to the collected data. Keywords: search systems, indexation of tax declarations, information retrieval system.
Bölgesel nöral tüp defektli gebelerin sağlıklı gebelerle karşılaştırılması
Authors: DAYANGAN SAYAN Cemile , SAĞSÖZ Nevin , ÖZKAN Zehra Sema , YERAL Mahmut İlkin , TURSUN Serkan 
Published: February 2018

Amaç:
Nöral
tüp defektleri nöral tüpün bir bölümünün
kapanmasında meydana gelen kusur sonucu ortaya çıkan ve sık görülen
konjenital anomalilerdir. Dünya çapında her yıl yaklaşık 300.000 bebek NTD ile
doğmaktadır ve NTD konjenital anomalilerle ilişkili neonatal ölümlerin yaklaşık
olarak %29’undan sorumlu tutulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Kırıkkale ilinde 2014-2017
yılları arasında saptanan NTD’li gebeler ile sağlıklı gebelerin demografik
özellikleri ve laboratuar bulgularını karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu
retrospektif çalışmaya NTD’i tanısı almış 27 olgu ve 30 sağlıklı gebe dahil edildi. Olguların
demografik verileri ve laboratuvar değerleri kayıtlardan tarandı ve kaydedildi.
Bulgular NTD’li ve sağlıklı gebelik grupları arasında karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: NTD’li hastaların 15
tanesi meningomyelosel, 4 tanesi anensefali, 2 tanesi ensefalosel, 2 tanesi
eksensefali, 2 tanesi anensefali+ensefalosel, 1 tanesi
meningomyelosel+ensefalosel ve 1 tanesi de myeloşizis
tanılı idi. NTD grubunun ortalama vücut kitle indeksi kontrol grubuna göre
anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Gruplar arasında laboratuvar parametreleri açısından
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktu.

Sonuçlar: Kırıkkale ilinde NTD’li ve
sağlıklı gebeleri karşılaştırdığımız çalışmamızda NTD grubunda VKİ’nin kontrol
grubuna göre anlamlı daha yüksek olduğunu tespit ettik. Çok merkezli ve artmış
popülasyonla yapılacak yeni çalışmalar, Türk toplumunda NTD risklerini
ayrıntılı olarak belirlemek açısından faydalı olacaktır.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Sarang Lebah Hutan (Apis Dorsata) terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococa aureus, Escherichia coli dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Prestianti Ika , Baharuddin Maswati , Sappewali Sappewali 
Published: February 2018

<p>Penyakit infeksi akibat bakteri merupakan masalah serius dalam kesehatan.Antibakteri alami yang dapat digunakan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri yaitu sarang lebah hutan (<em>Apis dorsata</em>) (propolis, kantong madu, kantong telur dan kantong pollen) yang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, tanin dan asam fenolat.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah megetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak sarang lebah hutan dari setiap pelarut yang digunakan dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak sarang lebah hutan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli </em>dan<em> Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi kertas cakram dengan lama perendaman 1 jam kemudian diinkubasi selama 3 x 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol sarang lebah memiliki aktivitas tertinggi pada bakteri <em>E. coli </em>yaitu 3,8 mm pada konsentrasi 8%, ekstrak etil asetat sarang lebah pada bakteri <em>S. aureus </em>yaitu 3,72 mm pada konsentrasi 8% dan ekstrak n-heksan sarang lebah pada bakteri <em>E. coli </em>yaitu 16,1 mm pada konsentrasi 8%.Pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu semakin tinggi konsentrasi maka semakin besar pula daya hambat ekstrak terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri <em>S</em>.<em> aureus, E</em>.<em> coli </em>dan<em> P</em>.<em> aeruginosa</em>.</p><p><strong>Antibacterial Evaluation of Extract Beehive (<em>Apis dorsata</em>) on Growth <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em></strong>. Bacterial infectious diseases are serious health problems. A natural antibacterial that can be used to inhibit bacterial growth of honeycomb (propolis, honey bag, egg bag and pollen bag) containing secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids. The purpose of this research is to know the antibacterial activity of honeycomb extract from each solvent used and to know the effect of honeycomb extract concentration on the growth of <em>S</em>.<em> aureus</em>, <em>E</em>. <em>coli</em> and <em>P</em>.<em> aeruginosa</em> bacteria. Antibacterial testing was performed by the method of paper disc diffusion with soaking time 1 hour then incubated for 3 x 24 hours. The results showed that antibacterial activity of methanol honeycomb extract had the highest activity in E. coli bacteria ie 3.8 mm at 8% concentration, ethyl acetate honey extract on S. aureus bacteria ie 3.72 mm at 8% concentration and n extract n-hexan honeycomb in E. coli bacteria that is 16,1 mm at 8% concentration. The effect of extract concentration is the higher the concentration the greater the inhibitory power of extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.</p>
Development and Field Test of an Electric-Submersible-Pump Reliable-Power-Delivery System
Authors: Xiao J. J. , Shepler Randall , Windiarto Yhossie , Parkinson Stuart , Fox Rob , Matlack Brad 
Published: February 2018

Summary
In high hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and high-pressure/high-temperature fields, the average run life of electric submersible pumps (ESPs) is limited to 3 years. Dismantle/inspection/failure-analysis (DIFA) results show that approximately 50% of ESP failures are directly or indirectly related to electrical-delivery problems concentrated approximately 200 ft in between the packer and the motor. This paper presents a collaborative research-and-development effort to develop and trial test a reliable-power-delivery system (RPDS) with the goal of extending the average ESP run life from the current 3 years to 10 years.
The development focuses on improving reliabilities of key power-delivery components including packer penetrator, motor-lead-extension (MLE) cable, and cable connection to the motor. The design integrates learnings from advanced completion and subsea technology, and includes new concepts, features, and materials. Field-pressure-testable connections are implemented to ensure proper field-connections makeup. Factory testing incorporated a robust highly-accelerated-life-test (HALT) methodology to simulate a 10-year service life.
Prototype components were designed, fabricated, and tested. These components were integrated and subjected to a rigorous system-integration test. After the comprehensive factory tests, a field-prototype system was built and installed in an offshore well. The system has been operated and exceeds the trial-test success criterion of a minimum 180-day run life.
For years, ESP reliability has been a constant issue faced by the industry, with electrical problems at the center of many failure causes. This paper presents a completely new design approach to address this critical challenge. Field installation and testing show the potential of extended run life with this new power-delivery technology.
Manganese, Zinc, and pH Affect Cadmium Accumulation in Rice Grain under Field Conditions in Southern China
Authors: Wang Meie , Yang Yang , Chen Weiping 
Published: February 2018

Very little has been reported on the effects of pH, Zn, and Mn on Cd uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their levels under field conditions. Rice accumulates a high concentration of Cd in acid soils, even at low soil Cd levels. Lime (CaO) was spread at 1200 kg ha−1 on the topsoil of a rice field during the tillering stage. Effects of liming on rice Cd, soil pH, and amorphous Mn (MnO2–AM) were then investigated. Slight increases in pH from 5.17 to 5.45 and MnO2–AM from 66.3 to 82.1 mg kg−1 were observed after liming. The proportion of rice samples with a Cd concentration greater than the Chinese rice Cd standard (0.2 mg kg−1 dry wt. in grain) decreased by ∼15%. The pH, which varied from 4.8 to 5.8, did not significantly affect rice Cd, whereas soil Cd and Zn had a significantly positive effect, together accounting for ∼14% of the variance. Soil Mn had significantly negative effects on rice Cd, accounting for >18% of the variance. For a Cd concentration <0.2 mg kg−1 dry wt. in rice grain, the critical pH value in paddy soil was ∼5.7, and that for Mn at pH 4.8 to 5.8 was ∼300 mg kg−1. Our findings showed that Cd concentration in rice grain in an acid paddy soil increased with an increase of Zn and a decrease of Mn when these metals were at sufficient levels.Core Ideas
Low soil Mn and low pH allowed for higher uptake of Cd under field conditions.
Surface spreading of lime does not increase soil pH and amorphous Mn efficiently.
Rice Cd in an acid paddy soil increased with an increase of Zn at sufficient levels.
The critical pH in paddy soil for rice Cd <0.2 mg kg−1 dry wt. was ∼5.7.
The critical Mn in acid soils for rice Cd <0.2 mg kg−1 dry wt. was ∼300 mg kg−1.
Effects of Mucilage on Rhizosphere Hydraulic Functions Depend on Soil Particle Size
Authors: Kroener Eva , Holz Maire , Zarebanadkouki Mohsen , Ahmed Mutez , Carminati Andrea 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
We propose a model of mechanistic pore‐scale interactions of mucilage, water, and soil.
Effect of mucilage on saturated hydraulic conductivity is stronger in coarse soils.
Coarse soils require higher mucilage concentration to increase water content.
Upscaling to macroscopic soil hydraulic properties remains challenging.
The model was validated on measured water retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity
Mucilage secreted by roots alters hydraulic properties of soil close to the roots. Although existing models are able to mimic the effect of mucilage on soil hydraulic properties for specific soils, it has not yet been explored how the effects of mucilage on macroscopic soil hydraulic properties depend on soil particle size. We propose a conceptual model of how mechanistic pore‐scale interactions of mucilage, water, and soil depend on pore size and mucilage concentration and how these pore‐scale characteristics result in changes of macroscopic soil hydraulic properties. Water retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils with different ranges of particle sizes mixed with various mucilage concentrations were measured and used to validate the conceptual model. We found that (i) at low mucilage concentrations, the saturated conductivity of a coarse sand was a few orders of magnitude higher than that of a silt, (ii) at an intermediate concentration, the hydraulic conductivity of a fine sand was lower than of a coarse sand or a silt, and (iii) at a high concentration, all soils had a hydraulic conductivity of the same magnitude. At low matric potentials, mucilage increased the water content in all soilsin all soils. In coarser soils, higher mucilage concentrations were needed to induce an increase in water content of >0.05 g g–1 at low matric potentials. This study shows how pore‐scale interactions between mucilage, water, and soil particles affect bulk soil hydraulic properties in a way that depends on soil particle size. Including such effects in quantitative models of root water uptake remains challenging.
Extended Duration Nocturnal Hemodialysis and Changes in Plasma Metabolite Profiles
Authors: Kalim Sahir , Wald Ron , Yan Andrew T. , Goldstein Marc B. , Kiaii Mercedeh , Xu Dihua , Berg Anders H. , Clish Clary , Thadhani Ravi , Rhee Eugene P. , Perl Jeffrey 
Published: February 2018

Background and objectives
In-center, extended duration nocturnal hemodialysis has been associated with variable clinical benefits, but the effect of extended duration hemodialysis on many established uremic solutes and other components of the metabolome is unknown. We determined the magnitude of change in metabolite profiles for patients on extended duration nocturnal hemodialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In a 52-week prospective, observational study, we followed 33 patients receiving conventional thrice weekly hemodialysis who converted to nocturnal hemodialysis (7–8 hours per session, three times per week). A separate group of 20 patients who remained on conventional hemodialysis (3–4 hours per session, three times per week) served as a control group. For both groups, we applied liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry–based metabolite profiling on stored plasma samples collected from all participants at baseline and after 1 year. We examined longitudinal changes in 164 metabolites among those who remained on conventional hemodialysis and those who converted to nocturnal hemodialysis using Wilcoxon rank sum tests adjusted for multiple comparisons (false discovery rate <0.05).

Results
On average, the nocturnal group had 9.6 hours more dialysis per week than the conventional group. Among 164 metabolites, none changed significantly from baseline to study end in the conventional group. Twenty-nine metabolites changed in the nocturnal group, 21 of which increased from baseline to study end (including all branched-chain amino acids). Eight metabolites decreased after conversion to nocturnal dialysis, including l-carnitine and acetylcarnitine. By contrast, several established uremic retention solutes, including p-cresol sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, and trimethylamine N-oxide, did not change with extended dialysis.

Conclusions
Across a wide array of metabolites examined, extended duration hemodialysis was associated with modest changes in the plasma metabolome, with most differences relating to metabolite increases, despite increased dialysis time. Few metabolites showed reduction with more dialysis, and no change in several established uremic toxins was observed.
Edentulismo e fatores associados à necessidade de uso de prótese superior e inferior entre idosos
Authors: Almeida Junior Aroldo Paes de , Grden Clóris Regina Blanski , Lopes Beatriz Gonçalves , Bordin Danielle , Borges Pollyanna Kássia de Oliveira 
Published: February 2018

Objetivo: descrever o edentulismo entre idosos e os fatores associados à necessidade de uso de prótese dental. Métodos: estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 115 idosos. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas domiciliares e exame clínico e analisados pelo teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: a maioria dos idosos eram edêntulos e necessitam de prótese. Sendo esta necessidade relacionada, para ambos os arcos, à: escolaridade, renda, satisfação com a condição bucal, irritabilidade com os dentes, dor/dificuldades para comer, frequência e intensidade de dor, autorrelato de necessidade de tratamento e substituição da prótese, motivo e local de busca para atendimento. No arco inferior verificou-se significância para autopercepção sobre a cor, consulta e incômodo na escovação dental. Conclusão: o edentulismo, o uso e a necessidade de prótese dentária apresentam alta prevalência na população idosa, sendo esta necessidade associada à fatores sociodemográficos, condição de saúde bucal, dor, incômodo, motivo e local de busca para atendimento.
Wybrane psychospołeczne zasoby i deficyty osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności
Authors: Skowroński Bartłomiej , Domżalska Aneta 
Published: February 2018

Celem niniejszej pracy jest zaprezentowanie wybranych psychospołecznych deficytów i zasobów osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności w obrębie następujących obszarów: poczucie koherencji, prężność ego, depresja, lęk, ciekawość, złość, martwienie się, wparcie społeczne, jakość życia, intensywność postawy religijnej, religijne i niereligijne sposoby radzenia sobie ze stresem. Analiza uzyskanych wyników dowiodła, iż osoby pozbawione wolności odczuwają istotnie niższe wsparcie społeczne w jego aspekcie informacyjnym, instrumentalnym, wartościującym oraz emocjonalnym w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną.