bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full-endoscopic spine-surgery in the elderly and patients with comorbidities
Authors: Leyendecker Jannik , Prasse Tobias , Rückels Pia , Köster Malin , Rumswinkel Lena , Schunk Valentina , Marossa Isabella , Eysel Peer , Bredow Jan , Hofstetter Christoph P. , Khan Imad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to demographic changes, a growing number of elderly patients with comorbidities will require spine surgery in the next decades. However, age and multimorbidity have been associated with considerably worse postoperative outcomes, and is often associated with surgical invasiveness. Full-endoscopic spine-surgery (FESS), as a cornerstone of contemporary minimally invasive surgery, has the potential to mitigate some of these disparities. Thus, we conducted an analysis of all FESS cases at a national center. Utilizing the Charlson Comorbidity index (CCI) ≥ 3 as a frailty surrogate we separated patients in two groups for patients with and without comorbidities. Patients with (CCI) ≥ 3 exhibited a higher age (p < 0.001), and number of comorbidities (p < 0.001) than the control group. Thereafter, a propensity score matching was done to adjust for potential confounders. Postoperative safety measures in emergency department utilization, and clinic readmission did not significantly differ between the groups. Furthermore, patients of both groups reported similar postoperative pain improvements. However, patients with a (CCI) ≥ 3 were treated as inpatients more often (p < 0.001), had a higher length of stay (p < 0.001) and a smaller functional improvement after at a chronic postoperative timepoint (p = 0.045). The results underline safety and efficacy of FESS in patients with comorbidities. Additionally, they provide guidance for preoperative patient counselling and resource utilization when applying FESS in frail patients.
Alumina-enriched sunflower bio-oil in machining of Hastelloy C-276: a fuzzy Mamdani model-aided sustainable manufacturing paradigm
Authors: Sen Binayak , Bhowmik Abhijit , Singh Gurbhej , Mishra Vishwesh , Debnath Shantanu , Zairov Rustem , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the increasing emphasis on sustainable manufacturing practices, eco-friendly lubricants have gained significant attention to moderate the friction coefficient at the tool-work interface. In line with this, the contemporary study aimed to examine the viability of Alumina-enriched sunflower bio-oil as a metalworking fluid. Different volume fractions of Alumina nanoparticles (varying from 0 to 1 vol%) were mixed with sunflower bio-oil, and the physical properties, for instance, contact angle and dynamic viscosity, were analyzed to determine the optimal concentration of Alumina. Subsequently, machining experiments were executed on Hastelloy C-276 under various lubricating conditions, including dry cutting, compressed air, sunflower bio-oil, and 0.6 vol% Alumina-sunflower bio-oil. A comparative analysis among these lubricating mediums demonstrated that sunflower bio-oil with a 0.6 vol% Alumina concentration outperformed others, resulting in a significant reduction of surface roughness, and tool wear by 73.31%, and 82.14% respectively when compared to dry machining. Besides, the utilization of 0.6 vol% Alumina-sunflower bio-oil has demonstrated a reduction of 17.86% in total machining cost, along with reductions of 15.44% in energy consumption and carbon emissions, when compared to dry machining. Finally, a Taguchi-designed experiment consisting of sixteen trials was performed in different lubricating conditions, and a Fuzzy-Mamdani model was employed to achieve a sustainable machining environment. The sustainability assessment results indicated that a cutting speed of 75 m/min, feed of 0.05 mm/tooth, depth of cut of 0.15 mm, and the utilization of the 0.6 vol% Alumina-sunflower bio-oil resulted in the most sustainable machining environment, with the highest Multi-Performance Characteristics Index of 0.75.
Orally delivered biodegradable targeted inflammation resolving pectin-coated nanoparticles induce anastomotic healing post intestinal surgery
Authors: Lee Jong Hyun , Reischl Stefan , Walter Robert Leon , Vieregge Vincent , Weber Marie-Christin , Xu Runxin , Chen Hao , Cira Kamacay , Kasajima Atsuko , Friess Helmut , Neumann Philipp-Alexander , Kamaly Nazila 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTargeted perioperative therapeutics supporting anastomotic healing during colitis are an urgent medical need. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery system for improving anastomotic healing in Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients following surgery. We developed pectin-coated polymeric NPs encapsulating the inflammation-resolving peptide Ac2-26. These NPs are designed to survive gastric passage, facilitate localized release in the colon via microbial pectinase degradation, and bind to the intestinal wound through collagen IV targeting. We investigated these NPs in a murine surgical model combining intestinal anastomosis with preoperative colitis induction. Perioperative administration of pectin-chitosan coated NPs containing Ac2-26 (P-C-Col IV-Ac2-26-NP) reduced colitis activity postoperatively. Macroscopic wound closure improved, as evaluated by endoscopy and intraabdominal adhesion scoring. Microscopic analysis revealed an improved semiquantitative healing score in the treatment group. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that novel P-C-Col IV-Ac2-26-NP could be a promising and clinically feasible perioperative treatment strategy for IBD patients undergoing intestinal surgery. The targeted delivery system shows potential for enhancing anastomotic healing and reducing postoperative complications in this IBD patient population.
Gpr54 deletion accelerates hair cycle and hair regeneration
Authors: Xia Weili , Wang Caibing , Guo Biao , Tang Zexin , Ye Xiyun , Dang Yongyan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGPR54, or KiSS-1R (Kisspeptin receptor), is key in puberty initiation and tumor metastasis prevention, but its role on hair follicles remains unclear. Our study shows that Gpr54 knockout (KO) accelerates hair cycle, synchronized hair regeneration and transplanted hair growth in mice. In Gpr54 KO mice, DPC (dermal papilla cell) activity is enhanced, with elevated expression of Wnts, VEGF, and IGF-1, which stimulate HFSCs. Gpr54 deletion also raises the number of CD34+ and Lgr5+ HFSCs. The Gpr54 inhibitor, kisspeptin234, promotes hair shaft growth in cultured mouse hair follicles and boosts synchronized hair regeneration in vivo. Mechanistically, Gpr54 deletion suppresses NFATC3 expression in DPCs and HFSCs, and decreases levels of SFRP1, a Wnt inhibitor. It also activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, promoting β-catenin nuclear localization and upregulating target genes such as Lef1 and ALP. Our findings suggest that Gpr54 deletion may accelerate the hair cycle and promote hair regeneration in mice by regulating the NAFTc3-SFRP1-Wnt signaling pathway. These findings suggest that Gpr54 could be a possible target for future hair loss treatments.
Evaluating the impact of official development assistance on ecological environments in agricultural and renewable energy sectors
Authors: Li Rongrong , Guo Jiaqi , Wang Qiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examines the complex interactions between official development assistance (ODA) and the ecological environment of recipient countries, mainly focusing on agricultural economic development and renewable energy. Using dynamic threshold models and robust statistical methods, the analysis uncovers the nuanced effects of ODA across various dimensions. Findings suggest that ODA has different impacts on the ecology of African countries depending on their agricultural dependence and renewable energy development levels. The study highlights the importance of targeted aid and advocates for the integration of ODA with environmentally sustainable development goals. Furthermore, the research underscores the potential for environmental improvement in countries with significant agricultural reliance. It emphasizes the critical role of renewable energy in mitigating ecological pressures and adapting to climate change. This study contributes to the assessment of sustainable development performance after the expiration of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in 2030.
Changing large wildfire dynamics in the wildland–urban interface of the eastern United States
Authors: Weidig Noah C. , Wonkka Carissa L. , Ivey Michaella A. , Donovan Victoria M. 
Published: November 2024

Background The recent increase in large wildfires in the eastern United States makes it crucial to examine the subsequent risk to human life and property. In the eastern US, the wildland–urban interface (WUI), where wildfire risk is greatest, has expanded tremendously over the last three decades. Aims This study aimed to understand how increasing wildfires in the eastern US are manifesting in the WUI. Methods We quantified WUI growth and characterised large (>200 ha) wildfire regimes inside and outside the WUI at multiple spatial scales across the eastern US between 1986 and 2021. Key results WUI wildfires in the eastern US comprised 45% of all large wildfires and 55% of the area burned, were on average 46% larger than non-WUI wildfires, and are becoming more frequent in spring. Most increases in wildfire number and area burned occurred outside of the WUI. Conclusion The WUI plays an important role in large wildfire dynamics in the eastern US; however, increases in the number of large wildfires have occurred primarily outside the WUI. Implications Our findings highlight important interactions between human development and large wildfire occurrence in the eastern US and should be used to direct future region-specific assessments of changing wildfire risk.
Band alignment at InP/TiO2 interfaces from density-functional theory
Authors: Ruiz Alvarado Isaac Azahel , Dreßler Christian , Schmidt Wolf Gero 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The natural band alignments between indium phosphide and the main dioxides of titanium, i.e. rutile, anatase, and brookite as well as amorphous titania are calculated from the branch-point energies of the respective materials. Irrespective of the titania polymorph considered, type-I band alignment is predicted. This may change, however, in dependence on the microscopic interface structure: supercell calculations for amorphous titania grown on P-rich InP(001) surfaces result in a titania conduction band that nearly aligns with that of InP. Depending on the interface specifics, both type-I band and type-II band alignments are observed in the simulations. This agrees with recent experimental findings.
Model-based compensation and uncertainty analysis of support bearing losses in a chain drive dynamometer
Authors: Wragge-Morley R T , Barnaby G C , Yon J M , Akehurst S , Burgess S C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Efficiency testing of chain drives has received renewed attention in recent years from sectors including elite cycling, e-mobility and automotive engineering. This is because of a desire to maximise performance, reduce energy consumption and minimise wear rate at a component level. In particular, chain and lubricant manufacturers have developed test rigs that replicate transmission drives in order to measure the efficiency and wear behaviour of the chain and sprocket. This paper explores the impact that compensating parasitic losses from test rigs has on the measurement uncertainty. The analytical process of propagating measurement uncertainty for a dynamometer rig is presented, based on the use of modelled bearing friction losses in the rig and quoted datasheet values for the measurement transducers. Two commonly used bearing models are used to illustrate the process. It is found that the measurement uncertainty is dominated by the transducer uncertainties, particularly speed measurement and repeated experimental results corroborate this trend. However, experimental experience also suggests that the uncertainty derived using GUM Method B is conservative compared to the actual system. The research reported also highlights the importance of validating models of parasitic losses for measurement hardware.
Single vertical InP nanowire diodes with low ideality factors contacted in-array for high-resolution optoelectronics
Authors: Lamers Nils , Adham Kristi , Hrachowina Lukas , Borgström Magnus T , Wallentin Jesper 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nanowire (NW) optoelectronic and electrical devices offer unique advantages over bulk materials but are generally made by contacting entire NW arrays in parallel. In contrast, ultra-high-resolution displays and photodetectors require electrical connections to individual NWs inside an array. Here, we demonstrate a scheme for fabricating such single NW vertical devices by contacting individual NWs within a dense NW array. We contrast benzocyclobutene and SiO2 planarization methods for these devices and find that the latter leads to dramatically improved processing yield as well as higher-quality diodes. Further, we find that replacing the metal top contact with transparent indium tin oxide does not decrease electrical performance, allowing for transparent top contacts. We improve the ideality factor of the devices from a previous n = 14 to n = 1.8, with the best devices as low as n = 1.5. The devices are characterized as both photodetectors with detectivities up to 2.45 AW−1 and photocurrent densities of up to 185 mAcm−2 under 0.76 suns illumination. Despite poor performance as light emitting diodes, the devices show great resilience to current densities up to 4 × 108 mAcm−2. In combination with growth optimization, the flexibility of the processing allows for use of these devices as ultra-high-resolution photodetectors and displays.
Advanced self-sensing road stud: integrating deep learning-based speed detection and energy harvesting
Authors: Aslam Touqeer , Azam Ali , Ahmed Ammar , Mugheri Shoukat Ali , Zhang Zutao , Abdelrahman Mansour , Ali Asif , Tairab Alaeldin M , Zhou Qiqi , Xiong Bendong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a self-powered and self-sensing vehicle speed detection sensor, representing a significant advancement in transportation. The system employs mechanical components like a slider crank, bevel gears, and one-way bearings for unidirectional rotation, converting translational motion into electrical energy upon the impact of vehicle tyres on road studs. The electrical power generation module, including a DC generator, rectifier, and battery circuit, captures and stores this energy. In addition to energy harvesting, the system integrates a deep learning model using long short-term memory (LSTM) networks to precisely calculate vehicle speed from the displacement signals of the road studs. Displacement data from an ultrasonic distance sensor (SR-04) is processed and fed into the LSTM network, achieving a classification accuracy of 98.90% for vehicle speed categories of low, medium, high, and overspeed. A mathematical model and MATLAB Simscape simulations were developed, followed by experimental validation using a mechanical testing and sensing system under laboratory conditions. Lab-scale testing, a maximum output power of 3.72 W and an efficiency of 62.7% were recorded at 8 Hz. Field tests were performed at various vehicle speeds. A peak voltage output of 10 V was recorded for a single phase of a three-phase DC generator at 15 km h−1. The displacement sensor beneath the road stud was used to record the relative time signal between adjacent peaks to calculate vehicle speed. The sensor is sustainable in energy and easily installable without infrastructure changes, enhances transportation efficiency, and is useful for traffic management, road safety, and smart transportation networks.
3D printing for capacitive flexible pressure sensors of small pressure high sensitivity with microdome-labyrinth structure
Authors: Wei Wei , Wang Junkai , Zhang Xinliang , Luo Xin , Chen Bolin , Shen Xiangyu , Yuan Lili , Huang Yunfei , Long Yu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Capacitive flexible pressure sensors have excellent sensing characteristics such as ductility and high sensitivity, and are capable of accurately detecting small pressures generated by human movement and human–computer interaction. However, small pressure sensors fabricated using most conventional preparation methods (e.g. stencil molding) do not provide high enough resolution for small pressure measurements. Therefore, in this paper, capacitive flexible pressure sensors that can be applied to motion signal detection and motion sensing are prepared using digital light processing printing technology. Elastomers with microdome and labyrinth composite structures are prepared using polyurethane acrylate materials. At the same time, the sensor is capable of detecting minute pressures as low as 1 pa and has a wide detection range with a sensitivity S of 0.037 kPa−1 in the 0–20 kPa stress range and 0.007 kPa−1 in the 300–400 kPa stress range.
Can spacetime superposition alleviate gravitationally induced quantum decoherence?
Authors: Zeng Changjing , Liu Qianqian , Wen Cuihong , Wang Jieci 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As a combination of the microscopic structure of spacetime and the principle of quantum superposition, the study of spacetime superposition provides a fundamental bottom-up approach to a comprehensive understanding of relativity and quantum theory. In this paper, we study how quantum gravitational effects generated by the superposition of the black hole’s masses affect the many-body entanglement for Dirac fields. The main obstacle to performing quantum information processing tasks near a classical black hole is the inevitable entanglement degradation caused by the Unruh–Hawking thermal bath. Fortunately, here we find that the many-body quantum system near a black hole with superposing masses exhibits more entanglement compared to those in the classical black hole background. The superposition properties of spacetime are found to provide additional quantum resources for mitigating gravitationally induced quantum decoherence and improving the efficiency of quantum information tasks in curved spacetime. In addition, the greatest quantum advantage for the recovery of entanglement in the curved spacetime can be obtained by preparing an optimal initial state.
Braiding of Majorana bound states in a driven-dissipative Majorana box setup
Authors: Wu Kunmin , Kadijani Sadeq S , Schmidt Thomas L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We investigate a system of Majorana box qubits, where each of the Coulomb blockaded boxes is driven by an applied AC voltage and is embedded in a dissipative environment. The AC voltage is applied between a pair of quantum dots, each of which is coupled by tunneling to a Majorana box qubit. Moreover, the dissipation is created by the coupling to an electromagnetic environment. Recent work has shown that in this case the Majorana bound states (MBSs) which form the computational basis can emerge as dark states, which are stabilized by the dissipation. In our work, we show that the same platform can be used to enable topological braiding of these dissipative MBSs. We show that coupling three such Majorana boxes allows a braiding transformation by changing the tunnel amplitudes adiabatically in time.
Fabry–Perot enhancement of liquid crystals birefringence effects in terahertz range
Authors: Batrakov K G , Valynets N I , Dubinetski M M , Paddubskaya A G , Margaryan H L , Hakobyan N H , Abrahamyan V K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
THz technology is a rapidly advancing field in both fundamental and applied research, integrating novel approaches from optical and microwave ranges. Despite the wide applications of liquid crystals (LCs) in the visible range, their efficiency in the THz range is limited due to the low optical path length of existing anisotropic LC materials. In this work, we propose and explore the advantages of incorporating a LC core layer into the Fabry–Perot resonator as a simple strategy to enhance the observed birefringence effects. This enhancement is achieved through multiple wave passes through the LC layer, effectively increasing the effective optical path length. In particular, we demonstrate a more than tenfold improvement in the efficiency of wave transformation within a plane-parallel LC layer. Our findings are well correlated with the THz response of an LC cell composed of two parallel thick quartz substrates infiltrated with commercially available E48 liquid crystal, as observed in our experiments. The low switching voltage for cells with pyrocarbon-based electrodes is also demonstrated.
Electron acoustic solitary wave with finite cold electron temperature
Authors: Chakrabarti Nikhil , Roychoudhury Rajkumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the nonlinear propagation of Electron Acoustic Waves (EAWs) in a homogeneous, collisionless, dispersive plasma medium comprising two thermodynamically distinct electron species and a static charge-neutral ion background. Utilizing the properties of the Sagdeev pseudopotential, we established the necessary conditions for the existence of solitary waves in the presence of a finite cold electron temperature with the appropriate boundary conditions. Next, we derived the conditions for a soliton solution when the cold electron temperature is absent, employing the same pseudopotential method. It was demonstrated that incorporating finite cold electron temperature significantly alters the conditions required to achieve a soliton solution. We derived a small amplitude soliton solution by expanding the Sagdeev potential up to the fourth order, and we discuss the implications of this solution.
Theoretical and experimental study on optical polarization states in overhead optical cables under complex weather conditions such as real lightning
Authors: Lian Weihua , Su Xingrui , Hu Kaijing , Li Wei , Wu Bin , Zhao Hanqi , Huang Yu , Zhang Situo , Wang Desong , Tong Fei , Hu Yujia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
By analyzing the changes in three Stokes vectors, the trajectory of polarization state on the Poincaré sphere, and the polarization change rate, both theoretical and practical aspects of polarization state variations in signal light within optical fiber composite overhead power ground wires (OPGWs) during real thunderstorm conditions, were examined. Our findings reveal that lightning and mechanical vibrations both impact the polarization state of the signal light in OPGW. Theoretical models demonstrate that lightning induces polarization changes through the Faraday magneto-optic effect and exhibits nonlinear electro-optic effects, leading to a maximum polarization change rate of Mrad s−1. In contrast, mechanical vibrations cause long-term, low-intensity polarization rate changes, with a maximum polarization rate of Krad s−1, highlighting a significant optical birefringence effect. Digital signal processing algorithms for coherent receivers with over 100G polarization multiplexing provide valuable guidance for recovering polarization states.
Effect of parity-time symmetric operation on quantum entanglement
Authors: Wang Qiong , He Zhi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we investigate effect of parity-time (

PT

) symmetric operation on the dynamic behavior of entanglement for two qubits system in Markovian and non-Markovian regimes with the resonant and off-resonant cases. First we derive the explicit expressions of concurrence quantifying entanglement for an exactly solving model consisting of two qubits interacting with independent structured reservoir. Then, we give two schemes, i.e. pre- and post-

PT

symmetric operations, to show the performance of

PT

symmetric operation on entanglement dynamics of two qubits. By investigation, we find that the lower the absolute value of the

PT

operation strength, the better the enhancement of entanglement. In addition, we show that the entanglement can be obviously enhanced by means of the pre-

PT

symmetric operation in different regimes.