bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Maslach Burnout Inventory to Other Well-Being Instruments in Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Williamson Kelly , Lank Patrick M. , Cheema Navneet , Hartman Nicholas , Lovell Elise O. ,   Emergency Medicine Education Research Alliance (EMERA)
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBackground The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is considered the “gold standard” for measuring burnout, encompassing 3 scales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Other well-being instruments have shown utility in various settings, and correlations between MBI and these instruments could provide evidence of relationships among key variables to guide well-being efforts.Objective We explored correlations between the MBI and other well-being instruments.Methods We fielded a multicenter survey of 9 emergency medicine (EM) residencies, administering the MBI and 4 published well-being instruments: a quality-of-life assessment, a work-life balance rating, an appraisal of career satisfaction, and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire 2 question screen. Consistent with the Maslach definition, burnout was defined by high emotional exhaustion (&gt; 26) and high depersonalization (&gt; 12).Results Of 334 residents, 261 (78%) responded. Residents who reported lower quality of life had higher emotional exhaustion (ρ = –0.437, P &lt; .0001), higher depersonalization (ρ = –0.18, P &lt; .005), and lower personal accomplishment (ρ = 0.347, P &lt; .001). Residents who reported a negative work-life balance had emotional exhaustion (P &lt; .001) and depersonalization (P &lt; .009). Positive career satisfaction was associated with lower emotional exhaustion (P &lt; .0001), lower depersonalization (P &lt; .005), and higher personal accomplishment (P &lt; .05). A positive depression screen was associated with higher emotional exhaustion, higher depersonalization, and lower personal achievement (all P &lt; .0001).Conclusions Our multicenter study of EM residents demonstrated that assessments using the MBI correlate with other well-being instruments.
First in situ estimations of small phytoplankton carbon and nitrogen uptake rates in the Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian seas
Authors: Bhavya P. Sadanandan , Lee Jang Han , Lee Ho Won , Kang Jae Joong , Lee Jae Hyung , Lee Dabin , An So Hyun , Stockwell Dean A. , Whitledge Terry E. , Lee Sang Heon 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Carbon and nitrogen uptake rates by small phytoplankton (0.7–5 µm)
in the Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian seas in the Arctic Ocean were
quantified using in situ isotope labeling experiments; this research, which
was novel and part of the NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational
System) program, took place from 21 August to 22 September 2013. The
depth-integrated carbon (C), nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium
(NH4+) uptake rates by small phytoplankton ranged from 0.54 to
15.96 mg C m−2 h−1, 0.05 to 1.02 mg C m−2 h−1,
and 0.11 to 3.73 mg N m−2 h−1, respectively. The contributions
of small phytoplankton towards the total C, NO3-, and
NH4+ varied from 25 % to 89 %, 31 % to 89 %, and
28 % to 91 %, respectively. The turnover times for NO3-
and NH4+ by small phytoplankton found in the present study
indicate the longer residence times (years) of the nutrients in the deeper
waters, particularly for NO3-. Additionally, the relatively
higher C and N uptake rates by small phytoplankton obtained in the present
study from locations with less sea ice concentration indicate the possibility
that small phytoplankton thrive under the retreat of sea ice as a result of
warming conditions. The high contributions of small phytoplankton to the
total C and N uptake rates suggest the capability of small autotrophs to
withstand the adverse hydrographic conditions introduced by climate change.
Effects of income and residential area on survival of patients with head and neck cancers following radiotherapy: working age individuals in Taiwan
Authors: Lai Yu Cheng , Tang Pei Ling , Chu Chi Hsiang , Kuo Tsu Jen 
Published: September 2018

Objectives
The five-year survival rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) after radiotherapy (RT) varies widely from 35% to 89%. Many studies have addressed the effect of socioeconomic status and urban dwelling on the survival of HNC, but a limited number of studies have focused on the survival rate of HNC patients after RT.

Materials and methods
During the period of 2000–2013, 40,985 working age individuals (20 < age < 65 years) with HNC patients treated with RT were included in this study from a registry of patients with catastrophic illnesses maintained by the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).

Results
The cumulative survival rate of HNC following RT in Taiwan was 53.2% (mean follow-up period, 3.75 ± 3.31 years). The combined effects of income and geographic effect on cumulative survival rates were as follows: high income group > medium income group > low income group and northern > central > southern > eastern Taiwan. Patients with moderate income levels had a 36.9% higher risk of mortality as compared with patients with high income levels (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.369; p < 0.001). Patients with low income levels had a 51.4% greater risk of mortality than patients with high income levels (HR = 1.514, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In Taiwan, income and residential area significantly affected the survival rate of HNC patients receiving RT. The highest income level group had the best survival rate, regardless of the geographic area. The difference in survival between the low and high income groups was still pronounced in more deprived areas.
Low Persistence Rates in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Triple Therapy and Adverse Drug Events Associated With Sulfasalazine
Authors: Erhardt Daniel P. , Cannon Grant W. , Teng Chia‐Chen , Mikuls Ted R. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Sauer Brian C. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveCombination treatments for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) alone include the addition of a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) or the addition of sulfasalazine (SSZ) and hydroxychloroquine to MTX (triple therapy). We compared persistence and adherence rates between these 2 combination therapies in US veterans and report the reasons for discontinuation of combination treatment in these groups.MethodsUsing Veteran's Affairs clinical and administrative data from 2006 to 2012, veterans with RA escalating treatment from MTX to MTX‐TNFi or triple therapy were examined for a 12‐month period after combination initiation. Persistence was defined as treatment without a ≥90‐day gap in therapy. Adherence was calculated using the proportion of days covered ≥80% at 12 months. Matching weights–adjusted models were applied to more closely mimic randomization in this study. The reasons that patients discontinued their combination regimens were identified by chart abstraction.ResultsFull persistence at 1 year was 45% in the MTX‐TNFi patients (n = 2,125) and 18% in the triple therapy patients (n = 171) (P < 0.001). Adherence was higher for the MTX‐TNFi group (26%) than the triple therapy group (11%) (P < 0.0001). The triple therapy group was associated with significantly more treatment discontinuation, which was most often due to adverse drug events from SSZ.ConclusionDifferences in persistence and adherence between the MTX‐TNFi and triple therapy groups appear to be primarily related to adverse drug events that were most often attributed to SSZ.
Turning Your Educational Work Into Scholarship
Authors: Santen Sally A. , Peterson William , Wolff Margaret 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis educational download will help readers turn their work into scholarship with 5 straight forward tips. When doing educational work‐ask questions. Be sure to have a strong educational foundation for teaching, assessment, and evaluation. Work in teams. Use colleagues to help promote educational work. And finally, manage the work flow to ensure completion.
Current status of laparoscopic total gastrectomy
Authors: Kawaguchi Yoshihiko , Shiraishi Kensuke , Akaike Hidenori , Ichikawa Daisuke 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this article, the current state of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) was reviewed, focusing on lymph node dissection and reconstruction. Lymph node dissection in LTG is technically similar to that in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer; however, LTG for advanced gastric cancer requires extended lymph node dissections including splenic hilar lymph nodes. Although a recent randomized controlled trial clearly indicated no survival benefit in prophylactic splenectomy for lymph node dissection at the splenic hilum, some patients may receive prognostic benefit from adequate splenic hilar lymph node dissection. Considering reconstruction, there are two major esophagojejunostomy (EJS) techniques, using a circular stapler (CS) or using a linear stapler (LS). A few studies have shown that the LS method has fewer complications; however, almost all studies have reported that morbidity (such as anastomotic leakage and stricture) is not significantly different for the two methods. As for CS, we grouped various studies addressing complications in LTG into categories according to the insertion procedure of the anvil and the insertion site in the abdominal wall for the CS. We compared the rate of complications, particularly for leakage and stricture. The rate of anastomotic leakage and stricture was the lowest when inserting the CS from the upper left abdomen and was significantly the highest when inserting the CS from the midline umbilical. Scrupulous attention to EJS techniques is required by surgeons with a clear understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each anastomotic device and approach.
An Aurora kinase inhibitor, AMG900, inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation by disrupting mitotic progression
Authors: Ryu Jaewook , Pyo Jaehyuk , Lee Chang‐Woo , Kim Ja‐Eun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Aurora kinase family of serine/threonine protein kinases comprises Aurora A, B, and C and plays an important role in mitotic progression. Several inhibitors of Aurora kinase have been developed as anti‐cancer therapeutics. Here, we examined the effects of a pan‐Aurora kinase inhibitor, AMG900, against glioblastoma cells. AMG900 inhibited proliferation of A172, U‐87MG, and U‐118MG glioblastoma cells by upregulating p53 and p21 and subsequently inducing cell cycle arrest and senescence. Abnormal cell cycle progression was triggered by dysregulated mitosis. Mitosis was prolonged due to a defect in mitotic spindle assembly. Despite the presence of an unattached kinetochore, BubR1, a component of the spindle assembly checkpoint, was not recruited. In addition, Aurora B was not recruited to central spindle at anaphase. Abnormal mitotic progression resulted in accumulation of multinuclei and micronuclei, a type of chromosome missegregation, and ultimately inhibited cell survival. Therefore, the data suggest that AMG900‐mediated inhibition of Aurora kinase is a potential anti‐cancer therapy for glioblastoma.
A Novel Turn‐on Fluorescent Probe for Highly Selective Detection of Phosphate Ion in Living Cell
Authors: Zhang Jin , Wang Si , Liu Changhui , He Guowen , Peng Tianying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA novel fluorescent probe was synthesized and studied. Fluorescent probe 1 undergoes a unique Pi induced hydrolytic reaction in DMSO‐ HEPES at physiological pH that produces a colorimetric change associated with a 76 nm red‐shift in the UV‐vis absorption maximum and up to a 210‐fold enhancement in the fluorescence intensity. It has successfully been used to stain and record microscopy images of HeLa cells. Moreover, the mechanistic proposal that these spectroscopic changes are associated with the reaction of Pi and probe 1 to form 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole gains support from the results of mass spectrometry studied.
Stereodivergent Synthesis of α‐Aminomethyl Cinnamyl Ethers via Photoredox‐Catalyzed Radical Relay Reaction
Authors: An Xiao‐De , Zhang Hao , Xu Qing , Yu Lei , Yu Shouyun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA photocatalytic multi‐component radical relay reaction has been developed for the stereodivergent synthesis of both stereoisomers of α‐aminomethyl cinnamyl ethers. The radical relay reaction of hydroxylamine derivatives, enol ethers and alkenyl boronic acids in DMSO under white LEDs could lead to E‐isomers of α‐aminomethyl cinnamyl ethers. The E‐isomers could subsequently isomerize to less thermodynamically stable Z‐isomers under blue LEDs using toluene as the co‐solvent in a one‐pot manner.
Experimentieren mit Gefahrstoffen und Experimentalkompetenz – Eine fachdidaktische Stellungnahme
Authors: Friedrich Jens 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDas Experimentieren mit Chemikalien mit hohem Gefahrenpotential wie z. B. Brom wird in fachdidaktischen Kreisen immer wieder kontrovers diskutiert. Schnell ist man dann mit der Forderung bei der Hand, diese Chemikalien gänzlich aus dem Schulunterricht zu verbannen und stattdessen lieber Filme zu den entsprechenden Experimenten zu zeigen. In diesem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, warum ein experimentelles Arbeiten mit Chemikalien wie dem Brom weiterhin im Chemieunterricht stattfinden muss.
An irregular sampler
Authors: Hoch Jeffrey C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe historical evolution of sparse sampling methods in multidimensional NMR is important for understanding them in the context of developments outside of NMR. This brief, anecdotal history provides context, but also points to potential sources of insights into sparse sampling that have yet to be utilized in NMR. Advances in sparse sampling for multidimensional NMR represent a confluence of many disparate threads.
An overview of Internet of Things (IoT): Architectural aspects, challenges, and protocols
Authors: Gupta B.B. , Quamara Megha 
Published: September 2018

SummaryUnderstanding of any computing environment requires familiarity with its underlying technologies. Internet of Things (IoT), being a new era of computing in the digital world, aims for the development of large number of smart devices that would support a variety of applications and services. These devices are resource‐constrained, and the services they would provide are going to impose specific requirements, among which security is the most prominent one. Therefore, in order to comprehend and conform these requirements, there is a need to illuminate the underlying architecture of IoT and its associated elements. This comprehensive survey focuses on the security architecture of IoT and provides a detailed taxonomy of major challenges associated with the field and the key technologies, including Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), that are enabling factors in the development of IoT. The paper also discusses some of the protocols suitable for IoT infrastructure and open source tools and platforms for its development. Finally, a brief outline of major open issues, along with their potential solutions and future research directions, is given.
Hard switching‐based hybrid RF/VLC system and its performance evaluation
Authors: Gupta Akash , Garg Parul , Sharma Nikhil 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the performance of hard switching‐based radio frequency/visible light communication (RF/VLC) downlink system, for indoor wireless communication system. The proposed system exploits the advantages of VLC and RF system, ie, high data rate transmission by VLC and pervasive coverage by RF. The indoor RF link is considered to be Nakagami‐m fading channel while the VLC links are subjected to statistical channel model based on the uniformly distributed end user position. In this paper, we study the performance of hybrid RF/VLC system in terms of outage probability, average bit error rate, ergodic capacity, packet error rate, and throughput. Furthermore, we compare the results of proposed RF/VLC system with stand‐alone VLC system to prove its effectiveness. The results prove that, for lower values of average signal‐to‐noise ratio, the proposed system outperforms the stand‐alone VLC system.
NIR spectroscopy applied to the determination of 2‐phenylethanol and l‐phenylalanine concentrations in culture medium of Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Quintelas Cristina , Braga Adelaide , Mesquita Daniela P , Amaral Antonio L , Ferreira Eugenio C , Belo Isabel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work aims at developing a method, based on near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, to quantify 2‐phenylethanol (2‐PE) and l‐phenylalanine (l‐Phe) concentrations during its microbial production by Yarrowia lipolytica. For this purpose, 197 samples obtained from different batch cultures were analyzed using Fourier transform (FT)‐NIR transmission spectroscopy in the range of 200–14 000 cm−1.RESULTSA principal components analysis was performed for cluster identification and outlier removal. A partial least squares regression was next applied to develop the calibration models, by an iterative method. The predictive ability of the models was confirmed by an external validation procedure with an independent sample set. The obtained results could be considered promising, with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.92 for l‐Phe and 0.95 for 2‐PE, and residual prediction deviation above 3, for the ensemble data.CONCLUSIONThe described methodology, using NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics, can be seen as a promising fast tool to determine both studied flavor compounds during biotechnological processes as an alternative to chromatographic methods. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of percutaneous MR‐guided ablation of small (≤12 mm) hepatic malignancies
Authors: Weiss Jakob , Hoffmann Rüdiger , Rempp Hansjoerg , Keβler David‐Emanuel , Pereira Philippe L. , Nikolaou Konstantin , Clasen Stephan 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPercutaneous tumor ablation is commonly performed using computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US) guidance, although reliable visualization of the target tumor may be challenging. MRI guidance provides more reliable visualization of target tumors and allows for real‐time imaging and multiplanar capabilities, making it the modality of choice, in particular if lesions are small.PurposeTo investigate the feasibility, technical success, and safety of percutaneous MR‐guided ablation (RFA n = 27 / MWA n = 16) of small (≤12 mm) hepatic malignancies.Study TypeRetrospective case study.PopulationIn all, 45 patients (age: 61.1 ± 11.8) with hepatic malignancies and a lesion diameter of ≤12 mm scheduled for percutaneous MR‐guided tumor ablation based on a tumor board decision were included.Field StrengthA 1.5T MR system was used for planning, targeting, and monitoring.AssessmentFeasibility assessment included the detection of the target tumor, tumor delineation during MR‐fluoroscopy guided targeting, and the number of attempts needed for precise applicator placement. Technical success was defined as successful performance of the procedure including a safety margin of 5 mm. Safety evaluation was based on procedure‐related complications.Statistical TestFrequency.ResultsTumor ablation (mean diameter 9.0 ± 2.1 mm) was successfully completed in 43/45 patients. Planning imaging was conducted without a contrast agent in 79% (n = 37). In 64% (n = 30), the target tumors were visible with MR‐fluoroscopy. In six patients (13%), planning imaging revealed new, unexpected small lesions, which were either treated in the same session (n = 4) or changed therapy management (n = 2) due to diffuse tumor progress. Postprocedural imaging revealed a technical success of 100% (43/43), with no major complications. During follow‐up, no local tumor progression was observed (mean follow‐up 24.7 ± 14.0 months) although 28% (12) patients developed new hepatic lesions distant to the ablation zone. No major complications were observed.Data ConclusionMR‐guided ablation is a feasible approach for an effective and safe treatment of small hepatic malignancies.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:374–381.
Non‐destructive classification of apple bruising time based on visible and near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Pan Xuyang , Sun Laijun , Li Yingsong , Che Wenkai , Ji Yamin , Li Jinlong , Li Jie , Xie Xu , Xu Yuantong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDBruising time of apple is one of the most important factors for internal quality assessment. The present study aimed to establish a non‐destructive method for the classification of apple bruising time using visible and near‐infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging. In this study, VNIR hyperspectral images were obtained and analyzed at seven bruising periods. Moreover, regions of interest (ROIs) were chosen to construct the bruised region classification model, and spectra of bruised regions were collected and resampled based on four different methods. Subsequently, machine learning algorithms were employed and used for dealing with the time classification model of apples. In order to reduce data redundancy and improve the accuracy of the classification model, a tree‐based assembling learning model was used to select feature wavelengths, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to improve the discernibility of data.RESULTSThe results revealed that the random forest (RF) model can precisely locate bruised regions, while the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model can validly classify apple bruising times with 70.59% accuracy. Data of 128 wavebands were compressed to 13 wavebands, providing a high accuracy of 92.86%.CONCLUSIONThe results prove that the hyperspectral technique can be used for predicting apple bruising time, which will help to assess the internal quality and safety of apples. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Evolutionary Photonics for Renewable Energy, Nanomedicine, and Advanced Material Engineering
Authors: Favraud Gael , Gongora Juan Sebastian Totero , Fratalocchi Andrea 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTaking inspiration from complex natural phenomena such as chaos and unpredictability, as well as highly optimized organisms constituted by multitudes of interacting cells, evolutionary photonics aims at developing new sustainable technologies for renewable energy production, bioimaging, and scalable materials with advanced optical functionalities. These photonics systems integrate complex dielectric and/or metallic units into large networks of heterogeneous elements, which are entirely controlled by acting on the interactions among the different units that compose the network. This Review presents a selection of recent results in this research field, discussing advantages, challenges and perspectives of this technology in addressing global challenges in several scientific areas, ranging from broadband light energy harvesting, to scalable clean water production, early‐stage cancer detection, sensing, artificial intelligence, invisible structures, and to large‐scale optical materials with programmable functionality and robust structural coloration.