bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-based optimisation of intra-hospital patient transport capacity planning
Authors: Kropp Tobias , Gao Yuhao , Lennerts Kunibert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEfficient and timely organisational healthcare processes are urgent for patient satisfaction and medical success in hospitals. Despite process analysis and problem identification, there are especially challenges in evaluating and implementing planning alternatives. This is also valid for the planning of resource capacities. There are currently few use cases that offer data-driven, automated solutions and typically significant effort in modeling complex processes and systems is involved. Therefore, we explore the use of a combination of neural networks and metaheuristic algorithms to optimise organisational capacity planning in healthcare. These techniques allow for autonomous learning and optimisation of processes. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is developed in a use case utilising data from approximately 3.5 years of accompanied intra-hospital patient transport in a German hospital in order to be able to make accurate predictions about delayed transports on a day of the week basis. A data preprocessing was performed, aggregating case-wise transportation information into hourly information to serve as input and labelling data for the MLP training. Using a genetic algorithm (GA), hourly input variables such as the number of active transporters, the number of planned transports, or the automation rate of transport dispatching are adapted in order to reduce the model predicted number of delayed transports throughout a day. Through this approach, a theoretical reduction in delayed transports on a day of the week ranging from 27% to 42% could be achieved merely through resource reallocating, without adding additional resources. The performance of both MLP and GA are validated using various measures.
In Silico Clinical Trial for Osteoporosis Treatments to Prevent Hip Fractures: Simulation of the Placebo Arm
Authors: Savelli Giacomo , Oliviero Sara , La Mattina Antonino A. , Viceconti Marco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Osteoporosis represents a major healthcare concern. The development of novel treatments presents challenges due to the limited cost-effectiveness of clinical trials and ethical concerns associated with placebo-controlled trials. Computational models for the design and assessment of biomedical products (In Silico Trials) are emerging as a promising alternative. In this study, a novel In Silico Trial technology (BoneStrength) was applied to replicate the placebo arms of two concluded clinical trials and its accuracy in predicting hip fracture incidence was evaluated. Two virtual cohorts (N = 1238 and 1226, respectively) were generated by sampling a statistical anatomy atlas based on CT scans of proximal femurs. Baseline characteristics were equivalent to those reported for the clinical cohorts. Fall events were sampled from a Poisson distribution. A multiscale stochastic model was implemented to estimate the impact force associated to each fall. Finite Element models were used to predict femur strength. Fracture incidence in 3 years follow-up was computed with a Markov chain approach; a patient was considered fractured if the impact force associated with a fall exceeded femur strength. Ten realizations of the stochastic process were run to reach convergence. Each realization required approximately 2500 FE simulations, solved using High-Performance Computing infrastructures. Predicted number of fractures was 12 ± 2 and 18 ± 4 for the two cohorts, respectively. The predicted incidence range consistently included the reported clinical data, although on average fracture incidence was overestimated. These findings highlight the potential of BoneStrength for future applications in drug development and assessment.
New insights in tobacco radiotoxicity: on the research of 210Po in modern heated tobacco product—radioactivity, distribution, and dose assessment
Authors: Szarłowicz Katarzyna , Wójcik Sylwia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to assess the radiological risk to users and the environment related to the Glo system used to heat tobacco. The concentration of 210Po, radioactivity per cartridge, and radiation dose assessment were evaluated. For comparison purposes, to present the exposure scale, the same analyses were also performed for several traditional cigarettes. The tests were carried out on an alpha spectrometer equipped with a PIPS detector. After examining 60 samples, the concentration of 210Po was found in tobacco that was a filling of Neo cartridges and in traditional cigarettes. 210Po concentrations [in mBq∙g−1] in heated tobacco were higher than in unheated. After heating, a little release of polonium (mBq per cartridge) was observed. The research was also done taking into account the flavor of the Neo cartridges and cartridges from different packages. The 210Po concentrations in heated Neo cartridges were greater than 30 mBq∙g−1 and in traditional cigarettes up to 50 mBq∙g−1. The estimated annual effective dose for Neo cartridges was lower than that for traditional smoking. However, it cannot be concluded that the use of Neo cartridges is healthier and does not affect the environment. What is disturbing is the increase in the number of cartridges used daily, resulting in the creation of waste containing 210Po and, of course, a higher effective dose received by the user.
Large strain consolidation model for very soft soils with prefabricated horizontal drains considering nonlinear compression and creep
Authors: Li Peng-Lin , Song Ding-Bao , Yin Zhen-Yu , Yin Jian-Hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe use of horizontal drains assisted by vacuum loading is an effective method for speeding up the consolidation of dredged soil slurry. However, few studies developed models for the large strain consolidation of clayey slurry with prefabricated horizontal drains (PHDs) under self-weight and vacuum loading considering the effects of nonlinear compression and creep. This study introduces a PHD-assisted finite strain consolidation model considering nonlinear compression and limited creep by incorporating an improved elasto-viscoplastic constitutive equation. Firstly, the governing equations for the consolidation of very soft soil with PHDs were derived and solved by the finite-difference method. Subsequently, the proposed consolidation model was verified by comparing the calculations with the finite element solutions, a laboratory model test, and a field trial performed in Hong Kong. Good agreement with the numerical solutions and measured results indicates that the proposed model can capture the consolidation features with PHD combining staged filling and time-dependent vacuum loading. Then, the proposed model was used to estimate a self-weight consolidation test and field test in Japan to show the performance of the proposed model. Finally, parametric studies were conducted to explore the influence of nonlinear compression and creep on the consolidation of soft soil with PHDs.
System log isolation for containers
Authors: Wang Kun , Wu Song , Cui Yanxiang , Huang Zhuo , Fan Hao , Jin Hai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractContainer-based virtualization is increasingly popular in cloud computing due to its efficiency and flexibility. Isolation is a fundamental property of containers and weak isolation could cause significant performance degradation and security vulnerability. However, existing works have almost not discussed the isolation problems of system log which is critical for monitoring and maintenance of containerized applications. In this paper, we present a detailed isolation analysis of system log in current container environment. First, we find several system log isolation problems which can cause significant impacts on system usability, security, and efficiency. For example, system log accidentally exposes information of host and co-resident containers to one container, causing information leakage. Second, we reveal that the root cause of these isolation problems is that containers share the global log configuration, the same log storage, and the global log view. To address these problems, we design and implement a system named private logs (POGs). POGs provides each container with its own log configuration and stores logs individually for each container, avoiding log configuration and storage sharing, respectively. In addition, POGs enables private log view to help distinguish which container the logs belong to. The experimental results show that POGs can effectively enhance system log isolation for containers with negligible performance overhead.
Jaw exercise in head and neck cancer patients for prevention of temporomandibular disorders: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Saghafi Ellie , Kadhim Kalid , Andås Charlotte Andrén , Cahlin Birgitta Johansson , Finizia Caterina , Axelsson Therese , Kjeller Göran , Tuomi Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To prospectively evaluate the effect of a preventive jaw-training intervention program on the development of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients treated for head and neck cancer (HNC).

Methods
We randomized 58 consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck area into two groups before initiation of a curatively intended oncologic treatment: training with a jaw mobilizer once a day or a control group without active exercise. A comprehensive examination according to diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) was conducted at baseline (before oncologic treatment) 6 and 12 months after completed radiation therapy (RT). The patients recorded training frequency in a diary.

Results
There were significant differences in the changes of maximal incisal opening (MIO) between the intervention and control groups at 6 and 12 months compared to baseline (p = 0.010 and p = 0.012, respectively) with more deterioration in the control group. The control group had a higher prevalence of TMD diagnosis at the 6-month follow-up (p = 0.010) and a close to significant level at the 12-month follow-up (p = 0.055).

Conclusion
This unique study, which evaluates the effect of a preventive jaw-training program for prevention of TMD in patients with HNC undergoing high dose RT, found that the preventive jaw-training program could prevent the deterioration of MIO and development of TMD.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
This preventive exercise program could prevent the deterioration in MIO and the development of TMD in HNC patients, leading to less pain and better jaw function.
Micro- and Nano-structures Formed in Silicon Germanium Undergoing Laser Melting for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Welch Ryan , Şişik Bengisu , LeBlanc Saniya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Thermoelectric materials offer a unique solution for active cooling or conversion of heat to electricity within a thermal protection system due to their solid-state nature. Yet, the integration of thermoelectrics into thermal protection systems is hindered by conventional manufacturing processes, which limit the material’s shape. Laser additive manufacturing can enable freeform shapes that allow integration of thermoelectrics into systems that are favorable for thermoelectric energy conversion. Through modeling and experimentation, this work presents single melt line processing and structures of silicon germanium, a high-temperature thermoelectric material, for laser powder bed fusion. Experiments consisted of single melt lines with an Nd-YAG laser and 50-µm spot size on Si50Ge50 and Si80Ge20 powder compacts. We found that laser processing of silicon germanium alloys causes oxidation and processing defects that are resolved through rescanning strategies. Rapid cooling results in a microstructure with silicon-rich grains and germanium entrapped near grain boundaries for Si80Ge20 and dendritic structures in Si50Ge50 which are linked to the degree of undercooling during solidification. Laser-processed silicon germanium contains crystalline defects, nanoscale precipitates, and an average grain size of 24 µm. This work informs laser additive manufacturing of silicon germanium parts and uncovers process-structure relationships of laser-processed silicon germanium alloys.
A Review of Implementation Strategies to Enhance PrEP Delivery for People Experiencing Housing Insecurity: Advancing a Multifaceted High-Touch, Low-Barrier Approach
Authors: Velloza Jennifer , Mehtani Nicky J. , Hickey Matthew D. , Imbert Elizabeth , Appa Ayesha , Riley Elise D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review summarizes key implementation strategies to advance oral and long-acting PrEP delivery for unstably housed people in the United States.

Recent Findings
People experiencing homelessness and housing instability face barriers to PrEP uptake and adherence including lack of safe medication storage, competing basic needs, insurances issues, and/or mental health or substance use disorders. Recent advancements in HIV treatment and prevention provide evidence on high-touch, low-barrier implementation approaches to address these challenges. We compiled these approaches into a multi-component implementation strategy, “SHELTER”, which includes: low-barrier primary care, case management, incentives, outreach, care coordination, multidisciplinary provider collaboration, data tracking, and robust provider-patient relationships.

Summary
The US has fallen short of our Ending the Epidemic targets, in part due to challenges in PrEP delivery for people experiencing housing instability. SHELTER provides a comprehensive approach for considering critical components of HIV prevention for this population that can be used in future oral and long-acting PrEP programs.
The effects of the Hand in Hand: Empowering Teachers(HAND: ET) programme on teacher burnout in Slovenia. Do experience and baseline emotional competencies matter?
Authors: Kozina Ana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs burnout affects teachers’ health and well-being, as well as their teaching understanding interventions beneficial for prevention is crucial. In this study, we explored possible predictors of the decrease in the dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, physical fatigue, cognitive weariness) after the HAND: ET intervention. We used following predictors: teachers’ experience (professional experience and previous experience of activities supporting emotional competencies) and baseline emotional competencies (self-awareness (operationalised as mindfulness), and self-management (operationalised as emotional self-efficacy)). We used data gathered from the Shirom−Melamed Burnout Questionnaire, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, and a set of demographic questions in a Slovene sample of in-service teachers (N = 185). Teachers’ experiences were not significant predictors of a decrease in any of the dimension of burnout, while baseline emotional competencies, were significant predictors of emotional exhaustion. The findings support the universal nature of the HAND: ET intervention as well as the importance of continuous support for teachers’ emotional competencies.
Wireless Devices for Optical Brain Stimulation: A Review of Current Developments for Optogenetic Applications in Freely Moving Mice
Authors: Silva Patrícia , Jacinto Luis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Optogenetics is an invaluable tool to study brain circuits, but typical systems rely on tethered approaches to deliver light to the brain that hinder natural behavior. With the increasing prevalence of complex behavioral phenotyping in neuroscience experiments, wireless devices for optical stimulation offer great promise to overcome these limitations.

Methods
In this work we critically review recent systems engineering and device design approaches to deliver light to the brain with wireless operation for optogenetic experiments.

Results
We describe strategies used for wireless control and communication, wireless power transfer, and light delivery to the brain with a focus on device integration for in vivo operation in freely behaving mice.

Conclusion
Recent advances in optoelectronic systems, material science, and microtechnology have enabled the design and realization of miniaturized wirelessly-controlled optical stimulators for true untethered experiments in rodent models.
An Analysis of FDA Warning Letter Citations from 2019-2023
Authors: Kwiecinski George 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study investigates trends in the issuance of FDA warning letters from 2019 to 2023. The paper aims to assess past and present FDA statements of inspection efficiency from a quantitative and qualitative perspective.

Methods
An analytical approach combining regex filtering and web scraping was developed to log citations of law within FDA warning letters. The process included identifying recurring keywords for categorization by keyword, department, and legal reference.

Results
From 2019 to 2023, the FDA went from issuing a warning letter 2.98 times per 100 inspections to 4.27 times per 100 inspections, a 43% increase in warning letters issued per 100 inspections.

Conclusions
From 2019 to 2023, the FDA issued more warning letters more frequently when compared to inspection volume, reallocating resources and priorities throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
Seltene Erden in Proteinen: von Biorecycling bis zu Designer-Enzymen
Authors: Zeymer Cathleen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to their distinct magnetic and optical properties, lanthanides are an essential resource for many modern technologies. The increasing knowledge on lanthanide-utilizing bacteria, and the proteins they evolved to specifically bind these metals, fosters new strategies towards bio-inspired lanthanide recycling and separation. Furthermore, de novo designed proteins have been equipped with lanthanide binding sites to develop functional tools such as MRI contrast agents or artificial photoenzymes.
Eine neue Funktion für HIF: die Umstellung des Metabolismus im Zellzyklus
Authors: Dreute Jan , Pfisterer Maximilian , Schmitz M. Lienhard 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe family of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) is typically activated by low oxygen concentrations. We observed a transient increase of the HIF-1α protein levels during the G1 phase of the cell cycle, designated as G1-HIF. This cell cycle-regulated form of HIF ensures cell proliferation and survival under conditions of metabolic stress by increasing the levels of key metabolites during the cell cycle. The generation of G1-HIF depends on an AMPK-mediated signaling pathway.
Neuartige synthetische Wirkstoffe zur Tuberkulosebekämpfung
Authors: Krysenko Sergii , Purder Patrick , Hausch Felix , Wohlleben Wolfgang 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungHumane actinobakterielle Krankheitserreger umfassen Pathogene, wie Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Die Bekämpfung der Infektionskrankheiten, die von solchen Organismen verursacht werden, z. B. Tuberkulose, ist immer noch eine globale Herausforderung. In dieser Arbeit wurden neuartige Inhibitoren generiert, die im Modell-Actinobakterium S. coelicolor die Poly- und Monoaminabbauwege blockieren. Ansatz dieser Verbindungen könnte Behandlungsoptionen bei mykobakteriellen Infektionen erweitern.
Arbeitszeiten und Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf in der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Kahl Yvonne , Bauknecht Jürgen 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Berufsgruppe der Sozialen Arbeit wird auf Basis der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2018 im Vergleich mit anderen Berufen hinsichtlich Umfang und Lage der Arbeitszeiten (abends/nachts, samstags, sonntags), geforderter Flexibilität (Bereitschaftsdienst, Rufbereitschaft, Arbeit auf Abruf), Vereinbarkeit von Arbeitszeitplanung mit privaten und familiären Interessen sowie – bei Beschäftigten mit Kindern – hinsichtlich beruflicher und privater Abstriche aufgrund der Kinder analysiert. Frauen mit Kindern unter 18 Jahren im Haushalt sind in der Sozialen Arbeit deutlich seltener gefordert Abend- oder Nachtarbeit zu leisten als in anderen Berufen. Auch Samstagsarbeit ist bei dieser Gruppe seltener, die Sonntagsarbeit jedoch mehr ausgeprägt als in anderen Berufen. Sozialarbeiterinnen mit Kindern unter 18 Jahren im Haushalt sind zudem mit starker arbeitgeberseitig geforderter Flexibilität konfrontiert. Die Möglichkeit der Rücksichtnahme auf private und familiäre Interessen bei der Arbeitszeitplanung liegt in der Sozialen Arbeit auf durchschnittlichem Niveau, deutlich höher jedoch als bei Lehrer*innen und Pflegekräften. Bei den beruflichen Abstrichen durch Kinder liegen Sozialarbeiterinnen auf demselben Niveau wie die große Gruppe anderer Berufe, unterscheiden sich aber von Erzieher*innen, Lehrer*innen und Pflegekräften. Bei weiblichen Beschäftigten mit Kindern unter 18 Jahren im Haushalt zeigt sich auf Ebene der Berufsgruppen, dass berufliche und private Abstriche durch Kinder stark negativ korreliert sind. Es muss von einer notwendigen Inkaufnahme in mindestens einem Bereich ausgegangen werden, was bei männlichen Beschäftigten derselben Haushaltskonstellation nicht der Fall ist. Sozialarbeiterinnen bewegen sich bei ihrer Entscheidung für den Bereich, in dem Abstriche in Kauf genommen werden, im Durchschnitt der Berufsgruppen. Handlungsbedarfe ergeben sich mit Blick auf Führung, Dienstplanung und Teambedingungen. Als Zielsetzung kann eine Stärkung männlicher Involvierung in das Familienleben gelten.
Bioinspired Ultrasensitive Flexible Strain Sensors for Real-Time Wireless Detection of Liquid Leakage
Authors: Zhou Weilong , Du Yu , Chen Yingying , Zhang Congyuan , Ning Xiaowei , Xie Heng , Wu Ting , Hu Jinlian , Qu Jinping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLiquid leakage of pipeline networks not only results in considerable resource wastage but also leads to environmental pollution and ecological imbalance. In response to this global issue, a bioinspired superhydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon nanotubes/graphene nanosheets flexible strain sensor (TCGS) has been developed using a combination of micro-extrusion compression molding and surface modification for real-time wireless detection of liquid leakage. The TCGS utilizes the synergistic effects of Archimedean spiral crack arrays and micropores, which are inspired by the remarkable sensory capabilities of scorpions. This design achieves a sensitivity of 218.13 at a strain of 2%, which is an increase of 4300%. Additionally, it demonstrates exceptional durability by withstanding over 5000 usage cycles. The robust superhydrophobicity of the TCGS significantly enhances sensitivity and stability in detecting small-scale liquid leakage, enabling precise monitoring of liquid leakage across a wide range of sizes, velocities, and compositions while issuing prompt alerts. This provides critical early warnings for both industrial pipelines and potential liquid leakage scenarios in everyday life. The development and utilization of bioinspired ultrasensitive flexible strain sensors offer an innovative and effective solution for the early wireless detection of liquid leakage.