bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some thoughts about the terms “centre” and “inside,” in relation to the concept of person‐centredness
Authors: Fröhlich Thomas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn everyday practice, we do not pay much attention to the words we use. So we do not usually become aware of an ontological difference between the levels of so‐called objects focused upon and person‐centredness. To elucidate this fundamental difference, we contrast here person‐centred medicine (PCM) and a corresponding use of a polycentric grid approach (PCG approach) with the conventional impersonal, objectifying approach. The latter is typically depicted in orthogonal grids, such as charts and lists. This conventional way may be called the Cartesian orthogonal grid approach, or simply Cartesian approach.ResultsA conceptual framework corresponding to PCM is proposed. The PCG approach issues centricity in a formal way and provides a polycentric arrangement of interacting centres. The topic of polycentricity is discussed by the later Nobel Prize‐winner Elinor Ostrom and her husband Victor, concerning management of common goods. The corresponding concept and use of a polycentric grid allow depicting uniqueness and relatedness of interacting centres better than the conventional Cartesian orthogonal grids. The PCG approach outlined here corresponds to the use of different graphic and cartographic procedures, such as the glyph plot. This unconventional form of representation is seen as beneficial in PCM. Practical exercises are developed to enhance awareness of centricity in everyday health care settings. The steps suggested are based on imagination of common tools, such as used in playing darts. Following the practical application, the theoretical background is outlined. It has been published in an extended form and hence can be discussed in a more focused way.ConclusionsUse of the PCG approach enhances experience and enactment of personhood. It supports PCM in everyday practice. On a theoretical level, the PCG approach has ontological primacy compared with the conventional Cartesian approach. To refer to physical empiric, the decontextualized Cartesian concept needs to be embedded in the empiric polycentric one.
Information processing in electronic medical records: A survey validation
Authors: Williams Cynthia , Hamadi Hanadi , Cummings Cynthia , Zakari Nazik M.A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to validate the Clinical Information Processing Instrument. This instrument attempts to examine information processing in electronic medical records (EMRs). We drew upon the theory of swift and even flow to guide survey development and construction.Materials and MethodsWe used a mixed‐methods approach to gather data from registered nurses. Nurses were invited to participate in focus groups, an expert panel, and the survey validation process. A semi‐structured questionnaire addressed the following themes: method of communication, quality of information, and usability of the system.ResultsWe conducted a confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modelling. The Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin measure was greater than 0.7 (0.90), and the Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (X2 = 1519.03, df = 105, P < 0.001). The proposed structural equation model was analysed and revised to a final model that was statistically significant. The final survey, Clinical Information Processing Instrument, contained 18 Likert scale questions that supported the tenets of the theory of swift and even flow.DiscussionThe nurses perceived EMRs as efficient for medication management, time management, and communication. The Clinical Information Processing Instrument is a validated survey tool that assesses information flow in EMRs.ConclusionsThe Clinical Information Processing Instrument was validated as an approach to analyse the utility of EMR in disseminating information among clinical staff. To increase the utility and meaningful use of EMR systems, it is important to consider factors that affect the distribution of information among clinicians.
Production of cocoa and carob‐based drink powders by foam mat drying
Authors: Benković Maja , Radić Kristina , Vitali Čepo Dubravka , Jaškūnas Edvinas , Janutis Laurynas , Morkunaite Marija , Srečec Siniša 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe effect of substitution of cocoa powder with carob and sucrose with stevia, on physical, chemical, and sensory properties of powder drink mixtures was studied. These powders were then subjected to foam mat drying to produce easily solvable instant powders and to determine the effect of the process on their physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics. The addition of carob flour to cocoa/sugar mixtures caused a decrease of cohesion index and mean cake strength, which is beneficial for powder handling. Foam mat drying process led to further improvement of physical properties. To obtain a mixture with good physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics, only a small part of cocoa powder can be replaced by carob flour (up to 10%). Overall, the foam mat drying process leads to formulation of a product with better physical and sensory characteristics and can be successfully applied for production of cocoa/carob/sugar drink powders.Practical applicationsConsumer demands for newly developed foods with natural, healthy ingredients is increasing nowadays. Carob flour represents a cheaper alternative to cocoa and due to the presence of naturally occurring carbohydrates represents a raw material with low glycemic index and therefore the exploration of its utilization in instant drink powders is of great significance. On the other hand, the industry seeks cheaper alternatives to spray drying and liophyilisation as the wide spread processes for instant powder production. The foam mat drying process is a simple and economical alternative to spray drying and freeze drying. The results of this study indicate that the foam mat drying process can be successfully used in the cocoa and carob drink powder production because it results in powders with better flow properties, which is favorable in the powder handling industries.
Nutritional status in patients aged over 65 years and its influence on the quantity and type of complications occurring 3, 6 and 12 months after hospitalisation: a clinical prospective study
Authors: Ostrowska J. , Szostak‐Węgierek D. , Jeznach‐Steinhagen A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition in hospitalised patients is associated with frequent complications and increased mortality. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of abnormal nutritional status in patients aged over 65 years with a diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and also to determine its relationship with the duration of hospitalisation and the incidence of complications over 3, 6 and 12 months of observation. A comparison was also made of diagnostic performance between the various classifications used to diagnose abnormal nutritional status.MethodsIn total, 76 patients aged over 65 years with cardiovascular conditions were involved in the study. Abnormal nutritional status was identified on the basis of Mini‐Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form (MNA‐SF) test results, laboratory tests and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) nutritional status assessment criteria. During 3, 6 and 12 months of observation, data were collected concerning the number of re‐hospitalisations and the presence of complications.ResultsAbnormal nutritional status was reported in 78% of participants. Malnutrition, as diagnosed on the basis of laboratory findings and also on the basis of ESPEN criteria comprising the value of fat free mass index (FFMI), was significantly related to prolonged hospitalisation and an increased complication rate. The results of the MNA‐SF test performed at baseline revealed no relationship with the incidence of complications during the first stage of the study.ConclusionsAbnormal nutritional status was a common phenomenon in the group of patients under investigation. The set of criteria for assessing the nutritional status that had the highest association with the duration of hospitalisation and the incidence of complications includes laboratory tests and ESPEN criteria comprising the value of FFMI.
Relation between mean stress, thermodynamic, and lithostatic pressure
Authors: Moulas Evangelos , Schmalholz Stefan M. , Podladchikov Yury , Tajčmanová Lucie , Kostopoulos Dimitrios , Baumgartner Lukas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPressure is one of the most important parameters to be quantified in geological problems. However, in metamorphic systems the pressure is usually calculated with two different approaches. One pressure calculation is based on petrological phase equilibria and this pressure is often termed thermodynamic pressure. The other calculation is based on continuum mechanics, which provides a mean stress that is commonly used to estimate the thermodynamic pressure. Both thermodynamic pressure calculations can be justified by the accuracy and applicability of the results. Here, we consider systems with low‐differential stress (<1 kbar) and no irreversible volumetric deformation, and refer to them as conventional systems. We investigate the relationship between mean stress and thermodynamic pressure. We discuss the meaning of thermodynamic pressure and its calculation for irreversible processes such as viscous deformation and heat conduction, which exhibit entropy production. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the mean stress for incompressible viscous deformation is essentially equal to the mean stress for the corresponding viscous deformation with elastic compressibility, if the characteristic time of deformation is five times longer than the Maxwell viscoelastic relaxation time that is equal to the ratio of shear viscosity to bulk modulus. For typical lithospheric rocks, this Maxwell time is smaller thanc. 10,000 years. Therefore, numerical simulations of long‐term (>10 kyr) geodynamic processes, employing incompressible deformation, provide mean stress values that are close to the mean‐stress value associated with elastic compressibility. Finally, we show that for conventional systems the mean stress is essentially equal to the thermodynamic pressure. However, mean stress and, hence, thermodynamic pressure can be significantly different from the lithostatic pressure.
Warped finite element models predict whole shell failure in turtle shells
Authors: Stayton C. Tristan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFinite element (FE) models have become increasingly popular in comparative biomechanical studies, with researchers continually developing methods such as ‘warping’ preexisting models to facilitate analyses. However, few studies have investigated how well FE models can predict biologically crucial whole‐structure performance or whether ‘warped’ models can provide useful information about the mechanical behavior of actual specimens. This study addresses both of these issues through a validation of warped FE models of turtle shells. FE models for 40 turtle specimens were built using 3D landmark coordinates and thin‐plate spline interpolations to warp preexisting turtle shell models. Each actual turtle specimen was loaded to failure, and the load at failure and mode of fracture were then compared with the behavior predicted by the models. Overall, the models performed very well, despite the fact that many simplifying assumptions were made for analysis. Regressions of observed on predicted loads were significant for the dataset as a whole, as well as in separate analyses within two turtle species, and the direction of fracture was generally consistent with the patterns of stresses observed in the models. This was true even when size (an important factor in determining strength) was removed from analyses – the models were also able to predict which shells would be relatively stronger or weaker. Although some residual variation remains unexplained, this study supports the idea that warped FE models run with simplifying assumptions at least can provide useful information for comparative biomechanical studies.
Higher parity and risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2012
Authors: Lee Young , Lee Hae Nam , Kim Sa Jin , Koo Jahyun , Lee Kyung Eun , Shin Jae Eun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimWe sought to examine whether parity is associated with higher incidence of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study on 4098 Korean postmenopausal women by using nationally representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2012. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between parity and metabolic syndrome, with adjustment for potential confounding variables.ResultsThe rate of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher with increasing number of parity, with dose–response relationship in univariate analysis (P <0.001). In addition, higher parity (≥3 live births) was associated with more prevalence of all components of metabolic syndrome compared with two live births (parity 2 vs 3 vs ≥4: 5.5 vs 12.1 and 14.4%, respectively; P < 0.001). However, after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and reproductive factors, we found that only higher parity was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome compared with two live births, and failed to show a dose‐dependent relationship (parity 2 vs 3 vs ≥4: odds ratio 1 vs 1.404 vs 1.379, respectively; P = 0.043). We also proved that among the components of metabolic syndrome, only waist circumference had a significant positive relationship with parity in a multivariable adjusted model (parity 2 vs 3 vs ≥4: odds ratio 1 vs 1.559 vs 1.656, respectively; P < 0.001).ConclusionHigher parity was independently associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.
Exome sequencing identifies novel ACE splice‐site variant in a fetus with renal tubular dysgenesis
Authors: Das Bhowmik Aneek , Dalal Ashwin , Tandon Ashwani , Aggarwal Shagun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report a 32‐week fetus conceived of consanguineous parentage which presented with severe early onset oligohydramnios and history of a similarly affected sibling in previous pregnancy. Ultrasonography and autopsy were inconclusive, prompting exome sequencing on fetal DNA. This resulted in identification of a homozygous novel 3′ splice‐site variation in intron 17 of the ACE gene (NM_000789.3:c.2642‐1G>A), confirming diagnosis of autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis, and facilitating prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancy.
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction‐based detection of HPV 16 E6 and E7 DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Thammaiah Smitha , Venkobarao Mohan C. , Sathyavanthan Hemavathy , Mirnalini Angeline S. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAlthough human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered as a causative factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCCs), its pathogenetic role is not well established. Moreover, a limited number of studies have compared the techniques of detecting the HPV infection in OSCC. This study aimed at the detection of HPV 16 E6 and E7 DNA in OSCC by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique.MethodologyThis retrospective study included 297 tissue sections obtained from histopathologically confirmed OSCC patients. The classification of tumors as poorly differentiated, moderately differentiated and well differentiated was performed by H&E staining following the WHO criteria for OSCC. The presence of HPV infection was detected by p16INK4A expression, conventional PCR technique, HPV 16 E6, and E7 by qPCR and flow cytometry. All statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc software v.16.4.3. P < 0.05 is considered as statistically significant.ResultsOf 297 samples, 128 samples were found to be HPV‐positive by p16. Of total 128 HPV‐positive samples, PCR, E6, and E7 qPCR were positive in 19, 97, and 98 samples, respectively. qPCR techniques were found highly significant in the detection of moderately differentiated (P < 0.0001) and widely differentiated (P < 0.0001) cases. The positivity of E6 qPCR increased as the p16 expression increased. A significant variation in E6 DNA copies was observed in different grades of p16 expression (P < 0.0001). However, overall E7 (5.4 × 105 copies/μL) DNA copies were higher than E6 (7.7 × 103 copies/μL).ConclusionqPCR detection of HPV infection is a fast, reliable, and accurate technique gives valuable information about the infection status in terms of viral load.
Area usage estimation and spatiotemporal variability in distribution patterns of southern right whales, Eubalaena australis, of southern Brazil
Authors: Pires Renault‐Braga Eduardo , Rejane Groch Karina , de Carvalho Flores Paulo A. , Secchi Eduardo R. , Dalla‐Rosa Luciano 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSouthern right whales—Eubalaena australis (Desmoulins, 1822)—migrate seasonally from high‐latitude feeding grounds to coastal breeding and calving grounds at lower latitudes such as the southern coast of Brazil. Understanding how these whales are distributed along the coast is important for monitoring their postwhaling recovery and defining management strategies. In this study, we applied Kernel density estimators to aerial survey data to determine main occurrence and concentration areas of right whales in southern Brazil and investigate inter‐ and intra‐annual distribution patterns between 2003 and 2012. Our results show considerable variation in area usage within and among years, and changes in the general distribution pattern of right whales in the last years of the study. Intra‐annually, higher concentration area tended to expand from July to September and decrease in November. Some areas stood out as high‐density areas for right whales: Ribanceira/Ibiraquera, Itapirubá Sul/Sol, and from Arroio to Gaivota. Some evidences also suggest preferential areas for mother–calf pairs. The higher concentration area of right whales in southern Brazil was estimated at 52,541 km2 and the occurrence area was 682.69 km2, which is the whole study area. As right whale distribution in the region is likely expanding due to this population's current recovery, our study provides essential information for management plan of the Right Whale Environmental Protection Area.
Colour vision variation in leaf‐nosed bats (Phyllostomidae): Links to cave roosting and dietary specialization
Authors: Kries Kelly , Barros Marília A. S. , Duytschaever Gwen , Orkin Joseph D. , Janiak Mareike C. , Pessoa Daniel M. A. , Melin Amanda D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBats are a diverse radiation of mammals of enduring interest for understanding the evolution of sensory specialization. Colour vision variation among species has previously been linked to roosting preferences and echolocation form in the suborder Yinpterochiroptera, yet questions remain about the roles of diet and habitat in shaping bat visual ecology. We sequenced OPN1SW and OPN1LW opsin genes for 20 species of leaf‐nosed bats (family Phyllostomidae; suborder Yangochiroptera) with diverse roosting and dietary ecologies, along with one vespertilionid species (Myotis lavali). OPN1LW genes appear intact for all species, and predicted spectral tuning of long‐wavelength opsins varied among lineages. OPN1SW genes appear intact and under purifying selection for Myotis lavali and most phyllostomid bats, with two exceptions: (a) We found evidence of ancient OPN1SW pseudogenization in the vampire bat lineage, and loss‐of‐function mutations in all three species of extant vampire bats; (b) we additionally found a recent, independently derived OPN1SW pseudogene in Lonchophylla mordax, a cave‐roosting species. These mutations in leaf‐nosed bats are independent of the OPN1SW pseudogenization events previously reported in Yinpterochiropterans. Therefore, the evolution of monochromacy (complete colour blindness) has occurred in both suborders of bats and under various evolutionary drivers; we find independent support for the hypothesis that obligate cave roosting drives colour vision loss. We additionally suggest that haematophagous dietary specialization and corresponding selection on nonvisual senses led to loss of colour vision through evolutionary sensory trade‐off. Our results underscore the evolutionary plasticity of opsins among nocturnal mammals.
Internal validation of GPS™MONODOSE CanAur dtec‐qPCR kit following the UNE/EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 for detection of the emerging yeast Candida auris
Authors: Martínez‐Murcia Antonio , Navarro Aaron , Bru Gema , Chowdhary Anuradha , Hagen Ferry , Meis Jacques F. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCandida auris is an emerging multidrug resistant pathogenic fungus that causes candidaemia with high mortality rates and exhibits the ability to persist within the hospital environment. Candida auris is phylogenetically closely related to Candida haemulonii, C. lusitaniae, C. pseudohaemulonii and C. duobushaemulonii and is frequently misidentified by commercial identification methods. In the present study, the GPS™ MONODOSE dtec‐qPCR kit (dried single‐dose PCR tubes) for the detection of C. auris was validated following the guidelines of the UNE/EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005, the French Standard NF T90‐471:2010 and using fast‐cycling protocols. Validation terms included in vitro specificity (inclusivity/exclusivity), quantitative phase analysis (10‐106 standard DNA copies), reliability (repeatability/reproducibility) and sensitivity (detection/quantification limits). GPS™ dtec‐qPCR kits passed validation with strict acceptance criteria (n ≥ 10 repetitions). In silico specificity was proven by the designer (GPS™). Experimental inclusiveness was achieved in two independent laboratories by testing strain JCM15448T and 117 clinical C. auris isolates from Asia, the Middle‐East Africa, Latin America and Europe. Exclusiveness was evaluated with 25 strains of closely related Candida spp. Use of the MONODOSE format provided considerable advantages allowing the detection of C. auris to be accurately achieved in less than an hour. The GPS™ MONODOSE dtec‐qPCR kit is ready to undergo clinical evaluation.
Comparison of therapeutic response of lycopene and curcumin in oral submucous fibrosis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Piyush Prerna , Mahajan Anshul , Singh Khushboo , Ghosh Sujoy , Gupta Sunita 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the therapeutic response of lycopene and curcumin with placebo in patients suffering from oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and to correlate the habit variables of smoked and smokeless tobacco products in OSMF.MethodsA randomized placebo‐controlled parallel clinical study was conducted on ninety OSMF patients, who were divided into three treatment groups using computer‐generated randomization. Group A patients (n = 30) were given curcumin tablet (300 mg) twice daily, Group B patients (n = 30) received lycopene capsules (8 mg) twice daily, and for Group C (n = 30), placebo capsules were given once daily for a period of six months. Both the participant and outcome assessor were blinded. Pre‐ and post‐treatment comparison of mouth opening, burning sensation, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility was analyzed at periodic follow‐up of 9 months.ResultsThe overall improvement in mouth opening, burning sensation, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility was 3.9 ± 4.9 mm, 4.8 ± 2.6, 5.0 ± 7.2 mm, & 0.36 ± 0.71 mm, respectively, for curcumin and 4.1 ± 4.2 mm, 5.0 ± 2.3, 2.4 ± 3.5 mm, & 0.66 ± 0.80 mm, respectively, for lycopene with the p value <0.05.ConclusionStatistically significant improvement in clinical findings was observed in both curcumin and lycopene treatment groups in comparison with placebo. However, the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin and lycopene was found to be almost equal in OSMF patients.