bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A young woman with steroid‐responsive, IgG4‐positive plasma cell‐enriched cystic lymphangioma and chylous ascites
Authors: Al Zaki Alaa A. , Mann Shawna L. , Carruthers Mollie N. , Slack Graham W. , Chen Luke Y. C. 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageLymphangiomas are benign tumors of the lymphatic vessels, which can be inflammatory and occasionally steroid‐responsive. IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a recently defined fibro‐inflammatory condition. We describe a novel association between reactive IgG4+ plasma cells and cystic lymphangioma in a young woman who had a dramatic clinical response to steroids.
Unveiling Hidden Catalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane based on Combining Machine Learning with Literature Data
Authors: Takahashi Keisuke , Miyazato Itsuki , Nishimura Shun , Ohyama Junya 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCatalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) are explored using data science and 1868 OCM catalysts from literature data. Machine learning reveals the descriptors responsible for determining the C2 yield produced during the OCM reaction. Trained machine predicts 56 undiscovered catalysts with corresponding conditions for OCM reactions achieving a C2 yield over 30 %. First principle calculations are implemented to evaluate the predicted catalysts where the activation of CH4, CH3, and O2 are confirmed with the predicted catalysts for the OCM reaction. Thus, machine learning is proven to be an effective approach for discovering hidden catalysts and should accelerate the catalyst design process in general.
Iron Phosphide Incorporated into Iron‐Treated Heteroatoms‐Doped Porous Bio‐Carbon as Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Tran Thanh‐Nhan , Song Min Young , Kang Tong‐Hyun , Samdani Jitendra , Park Hyean‐Yeol , Kim Hasuck , Jhung Sung Hwa , Yu Jong‐Sung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe development of electrocatalysts from inexpensive, natural sources has been an attractive subject owing to economic, environmental, sustainable, and social merits. Herein, Fe‐treated heteroatoms (N, P, and S)‐doped porous carbons are synthesized for the first time by pyrolysis of bio‐char derived from abundant human urine waste as a single precursor for carbon and heteroatoms, using iron(III) acetylacetonate as an external Fe precursor, followed by acid leaching and activation with a second pyrolysis step in NH3. In particular, the sample prepared at a pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C (FeP‐NSC‐800) contains iron phosphide (FeP, Fe2P) in the high‐porosity heteroatoms‐doped carbon framework along with Fe traces, and exhibits excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and stability in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes as demonstrated in half‐ and single‐cell tests. Such excellent ORR catalytic performance is ascribed to a synergistic effect of not only multiple active Fe−P, Fe−N, and pyridinic and graphitic N species in the electrocatalyst but also facile transport channels provided by its hierarchical porous structure with micro‐/mesopores. In addition, the sample exhibits high long‐term durability and methanol crossover resistance.
Detection of Peptides with Different Charges and Lengths by Using the Aerolysin Nanopore
Authors: Li Shuang , Cao Chan , Yang Jie , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe aerolysin nanopore has a high sensitivity for molecular sensing, owing to its super‐narrow diameter and highly charged lumen structure. Here, taking advantages of its high sensitivity, we investigated peptides with comparable size and mass but different charges. Based on the blockade current and duration time, we found that the charge distribution at the entrance of the aerolysin nanopore governs the capture of peptides. Moreover, peptides with the same charge density but different lengths were measured by the aerolysin nanopore. In comparison to the short peptides, longer peptides gave a larger blockade current and a longer duration time. Our findings demonstrate that both the charge and length of peptides affect the translocation process simultaneously, which improve our understanding of peptides’ translocation through the aerolysin nanopore and suggest that aerolysin is an excellent candidate for peptides/protein sequencing.
Direct Bisulfite‐Free Detection of 5‐Methylcytosine by Using Electrochemical Measurements Aided by a Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Schiefelbein Stephan H. H. , Kamal Ajar , She Zhe , Rentmeister Andrea , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe detection of the epigenetic DNA marker 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) has been the focus of intense research. Here, we report a new detection method, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy, and voltammetric measurements on gold electrodes. The direct, label‐free detection of 5mC at different positions within dsDNA is achieved with the aid of a monoclonal anti‐5mC antibody, providing a new tool to monitor nucleic acid modifications.
Recent Advances in Carbon‐Based Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Zn−Air Batteries
Authors: Fu Gengtao , Tang Yawen , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCarbon‐based composites have been known as the most promising bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) owing to their excellent electrocatalytic properties. In this Minireview, various types of carbon‐based bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts, including metal‐free carbon and transition‐metal‐based carbon hybrids are reviewed to summarize progresses in rechargeable Zn−air batteries that are a promising technology to cope with the future energy demands. After a brief introduction to Zn−air batteries, some representative works are highlighted to understand the correlation between the electrocatalytic properties and the structure, the composition, and the synthesis method of carbon‐based materials. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for future research of carbon‐based bifunctional oxygen reduction/evolution catalysts are also outlined.
Pore network modelling of molecular diffusion in a single‐block model during lean gas injection, a comparative study on calculation approaches
Authors: Mashayekhizadeh Vahid , Rasaei Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we have proposed a new algorithm for pore network modelling of molecular diffusion in a single matrix block model. The block contains a volatile component adjacent to a gaseous lean component to mimic high capillarity‐induced flow rates caused by either high liquid to gas mass transfer rates and/or small throat size of the porous medium. Various types of boundary conditions for liquid pressure calculation are formulated. Advantages and the range of applicability of this algorithm are compared against an existing algorithm. A threshold value for surface mass transfer coefficient is obtained above which the algorithms that are based on the rule that only one bond is invaded at each step of invasion are no longer applicable. Simultaneous multiple throat invasion in a single time step, unnecessity of liquid cluster identification, and possibility of throat refilling are the major advantages of the new pressure‐based algorithm. While the phase distribution in the old approach is insensitive to surface mass transfer coefficient the proposed approach is severely dependent on the magnitude of this coefficient. The incident in which the liquid body is detached from the top surface in the proposed algorithm is also a strong function of surface mass transfer coefficient. The advantages of the new algorithm, however, come with a higher computational cost, especially for large network sizes.
Preliminary tests for the thermo‐chemical conversion of biomass in a spouted bed pilot plant
Authors: Bove Dario , Moliner Cristina , Curti Massimo , Baratieri Marco , Bosio Barbara , Rovero Giorgio , Arato Elisabetta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe initial setting up and preliminary tests on a square‐based spouted bed gasifier at pilot scale (20 kWth) have been investigated. The novel plant is composed of: a squared‐base spouted bed unit, a feeding system to regulate the biomass mass inflow, an air pump, a clean‐up system, and an online gas chromatograph analyzer to assess the quality of the produced gas. The profile of temperatures along the reactor has been monitored with different thermocouples during experimental tests. The start‐up process has been optimized to reduce the time to achieve stationary conditions. Two different materials (wood pellets and prunings from apple trees) have been tested at different feeding rates. Wood pellets were used to validate the performance of the spouted bed reactor and afterwards, residues of prunings from apple trees were validated as a suitable potential feedstock for energy recovery purposes. In addition, a representative sample of char from wood pellet gasification has been collected and characterized. In particular, the properties of specific surface area, pore size, and pore distribution have been measured by the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller method. The obtained outcomes represent one of the few available results in literature using a square‐based spouted bed reactor for the gasification of biomass at pilot scale.
Frequent atrial premature complexes during exercise: A potent predictor of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hwang Jin Kyung , Gwag Hye Bin , Park Seung‐Jung , On Young Keun , Kim June Soo , Park Kyoung‐Min 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe clinical significance of atrial premature complexes (APCs) during exercise is unclear.HypothesisFrequent APCs during exercise provides prognostic information.MethodsA total of 998 patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of frequent APCs during treadmill testing (>5 beats per stage): the FAPC group (n = 128) vs the non‐FAPC group (n = 870). The primary outcome was new‐onset atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF/AFL) during follow‐up period (356.2 ± 131.1 days).ResultsMean age was 56.0 ± 10.2 years in the FAPC group and 52.6 ± 12.0 years in the non‐FAPC group (P = 0.001). Baseline electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings were not significantly different between the 2 groups. During exercise, maximal heart rate did not differ between the 2 groups. Chronotropic incompetence was more prevalent in the FAPC group than in the non‐FAPC group (P = 0.04). During follow‐up, the FAPC group had a higher incidence of AF/AFL than did the non‐FAPC group (7 patients [5.5%] vs 5 patients [0.6%]; P < 0.001). Treadmill‐induced frequent APCs (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 15.23, 95% confidence interval: 4.59‐50.56, P < 0.001), chronotropic incompetence (adjusted HR: 19.95, 95% CI: 6.02‐66.10, P < 0.001), and palpitation as a reason for treadmill testing (adjusted HR: 5.72, 95% CI: 1.64‐20.00, P = 0.01) were independent risk factors that predicted new‐onset AF/AFL.ConclusionsFrequent APCs during treadmill testing was associated with development of AF/AFL in this study. Close monitoring for further AF/AFL development is needed in these patients.
The interaction among obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis in Vietnamese patients
Authors: Pham Thuy Anh Vu , Tran Thao Thi Phuong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo examine the relationship between obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and periodontal disease in Vietnamese patients. The sample included 712 patients aged 18 years or older who first visited the Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City. All participants completed a questionnaire and underwent anthropometric index measurements for obesity (height, weight, waist, and hip circumferences) and had their body fat percentage measured. A full periodontal examination was performed and a fasting glycemic level was determined. Occurrence and risk of periodontal outcomes were compared across 3 different measurements of obesity (body mass index, waist–hip ratio, and body fat percentage). The prevalence of periodontitis in obese group (37.0%, 36.4%, and 24.6% by body mass index, waist–hip ratio, and body fat percentage, respectively) or Type 2 diabetic group (50.7%) was significantly higher than those without these conditions (p < .05). Subjects with obesity or Type 2 diabetes had significantly greater pocket depth and clinical attachment loss than those who are not obese or diabetic (p < .001). Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for confounding variables, showed that the likelihood (odds ratio, OR) for periodontitis was highest in the obese and Type 2 diabetic group (OR = 4.24, CI [2.29, 7.86]; OR = 4.06, CI [2.24, 7.36]; and OR = 5.44, CI [2.94, 10.03]), followed by the obese and non‐Type 2 diabetic group (OR = 2.28, CI [1.05, 4.95]; OR = 2.02, CI [1.34, 3.56]), and then the nonobese and Type 2 diabetic group (OR = 2.20, CI [1.21, 3.98]; OR = 1.99, CI [0.93, 4.24] and OR = 5.22, CI [2.76, 9.84]) when obesity was defined by body mass index, waist–hip ratio, and body fat percentage, respectively, (p < .05). There was a significant association between obesity, Type 2 diabetes, or those with both systemic conditions and periodontitis in Vietnamese patients.
Longitudinal trends in HbA1c patterns and association with outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Luo Miyang , Tan Kristin Hui Xian , Tan Chuen Seng , Lim Wei Yen , Tai E‐Shyong , Venkataraman Kavita 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to review studies that identified patterns of longitudinal HbA1c trends in patients with diabetes and to summarize factors and outcomes associated with distinct trajectory patterns.MethodsPubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies examining HbA1c trends among patients with diabetes from database inception through September 2017. Articles were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: (a) longitudinal study of subjects with diabetes only, (b) use of serial measurements of HbA1c, and (c) analysis of the trend of HbA1c using group‐based trajectory approaches.ResultsTwenty studies were included, 11 on type 1 diabetes and 9 on type 2 diabetes. These studies identified 2 to 6 HbA1c trajectory patterns. The most commonly identified patterns included stable HbA1c around 7.0% and at levels between 8.0% and 9.9%, which usually captured the HbA1c pattern among the majority of subjects in the study population. Unstable patterns identified included increasing HbA1c trend, decreasing HbA1c trend, and non‐linear patterns. These patterns were associated with differential risk of disease outcomes, over and beyond single‐point HbA1c measures. Age, gender, ethnicity, diabetes duration, disease management frequency, cardiovascular risk factors, insulin treatment, family environment, and psychosocial factors were the most frequently reported factors associated with membership of specific HbA1c pattern groups.ConclusionCommon patterns of longitudinal HbA1c trends were identified despite heterogeneity among the studies. A better understanding of what underlies these different patterns may provide opportunities to tailor therapies and care for these patients to reduce adverse outcomes.
GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the neural circuit regulating metamorphosis in a marine snail
Authors: Biscocho Dhani , Cook Jayce G. , Long Joshua , Shah Nishant , Leise Esther M. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe marine mud snail, Tritia (=Ilyanassa) obsoleta, displays a biphasic life cycle. During the initial phase of early development, embryos hatch from benthic egg capsules to become weakly swimming veliger larvae. In the second phase, adult T. obsoleta are facultative carnivores and major agents of community disturbance. Metamorphosis is the irreversible developmental event that links these two life history stages. When physiologically competent, larvae can respond to appropriate environmental cues by settling onto their mudflat habitat and transforming themselves into miniature adult snails. Two neurotransmitters—serotonin and nitric oxide—have opposing effects on the metamorphic process in this species. In multiple other species of gastropod and bivalve molluscs, a third neurotransmitter, the classically inhibitory compound γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), can induce settlement or metamorphosis upon external application to competent larvae. In this situation, GABA is presumed to mimic the action of ligands from the juvenile environment that bind to larval chemosensory receptors and activate the metamorphic pathway. Results of our experiments contradict this commonly reported action of GABA on molluscan larvae. External application of GABA to competent larvae of T. obsoleta elicited no response, but instead attenuated the action of serotonin (5‐HT), a metamorphic inducer. Our investigations into the responses of larval T. obsoleta to multiple GABAergic reagents support our hypothesis that GABA functions internally as a neurotransmitter in the pathway that controls the initiation of metamorphosis. Our results also suggest that GABA acts directly on or downstream from serotonergic neurons to regulate the metamorphosis‐inducing effects of this neurotransmitter. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 736–753, 2018
Recognizing drug‐facilitated crimes: Detection and quantification of benzodiazepines in beverages using fast liquid–liquid extraction with low temperature partitioning and paper spray mass spectrometry
Authors: de Paula Camila , Jurisch Marina , Piccin Evandro , Augusti Rodinei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel methodology using liquid–liquid extraction with low temperature partitioning (LLE–LTP) and paper spray mass spectrometry (PS–MS) was developed to identify and quantify benzodiazepines in beverages. Four types of alcoholic beverages usually consumed in parties and bars were spiked with 5 distinct benzodiazepines (diazepam, alprazolam, bromazepam, clonazepam, and cloxazolam) simulating a drug‐facilitated crime occurrence. The direct PS–MS analysis of the spiked beverages revealed a remarkable matrix effect with an unclear detection of protonated benzodiazepines. However, by the application of the LLE–LTP using liquid nitrogen, a prompt and doubtless detection of such compounds was achieved. The quantification potential of the LLE–LTP/PS–MS methodology was demonstrated by using beer as matrix, diazepam as target analyte and cloxazolam as an internal standard. Figures of merit (linearity, limit of detection, linear dynamic range, relative standard deviation, and recovery) were determined and adequate values were obtained. In conclusion, we demonstrated herein that the LLE–LTP/PS–MS methodology has potential to be applied directly at the crime scene through of a portable mass spectrometer and a thermal container for the transport of liquid nitrogen.
Spatial genetic patterns indicate mechanism and consequences of large carnivore cohabitation within development
Authors: Evans Michael J. , Rittenhouse Tracy A. G. , Hawley Jason E. , Rego Paul W. , Eggert Lori S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPatterns of human development are shifting from concentrated housing toward sprawled housing intermixed with natural land cover, and wildlife species increasingly persist in close proximity to housing, roads, and other anthropogenic features. These associations can alter population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories. Large carnivores increasingly occupy urban peripheries, yet the ecological consequences for populations established entirely within urban and exurban landscapes are largely unknown. We applied a spatial and landscape genetics approach, using noninvasively collected genetic data, to identify differences in black bear spatial genetic patterns across a rural‐to‐urban gradient and quantify how development affects spatial genetic processes. We quantified differences in black bear dispersal, spatial genetic structure, and migration between differing levels of development within a population primarily occupying areas with >6 houses/km2 in western Connecticut. Increased development disrupted spatial genetic structure, and we found an association between increased housing densities and longer dispersal. We also found evidence that roads limited gene flow among bears in more rural areas, yet had no effect among bears in more developed ones. These results suggest dispersal behavior is condition‐dependent and indicate the potential for landscapes intermixing development and natural land cover to facilitate shifts toward increased dispersal. These changes can affect patterns of range expansion and the phenotypic and genetic composition of surrounding populations. We found evidence that subpopulations occupying more developed landscapes may be sustained by male‐biased immigration, creating potentially detrimental demographic shifts.
Bill size variation in northern cardinals associated with anthropogenic drivers across North America
Authors: Miller Colleen R. , Latimer Christopher E. , Zuckerberg Benjamin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAllen's rule predicts that homeotherms inhabiting cooler climates will have smaller appendages, while those inhabiting warmer climates will have larger appendages relative to body size. Birds’ bills tend to be larger at lower latitudes, but few studies have tested whether modern climate change and urbanization affect bill size. Our study explored whether bill size in a wide‐ranging bird would be larger in warmer, drier regions and increase with rising temperatures. Furthermore, we predicted that bill size would be larger in densely populated areas, due to urban heat island effects and the higher concentration of supplementary foods. Using measurements from 605 museum specimens, we explored the effects of climate and housing density on northern cardinal bill size over an 85‐year period across the Linnaean subspecies’ range. We quantified the geographic relationships between bill surface area, housing density, and minimum temperature using linear mixed effect models and geographically weighted regression. We then tested whether bill surface area changed due to housing density and temperature in three subregions (Chicago, IL., Washington, D.C., and Ithaca, NY). Across North America, cardinals occupying drier regions had larger bills, a pattern strongest in males. This relationship was mediated by temperature such that birds in warm, dry areas had larger bills than those in cool, dry areas. Over time, female cardinals’ bill size increased with warming temperatures in Washington, D.C., and Ithaca. Bill size was smaller in developed areas of Chicago, but larger in Washington, D.C., while there was no pattern in Ithaca, NY. We found that climate and urbanization were strongly associated with bill size for a wide‐ranging bird. These biogeographic relationships were characterized by sex‐specific differences, varying relationships with housing density, and geographic variability. It is likely that anthropogenic pressures will continue to influence species, potentially promoting microevolutionary changes over space and time.