bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motley Society, Plurinationalism, and the Integral State
Authors: Freeland Anne 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article examines Bolivian vice president Álvaro García Linera’s use of concepts originating in the work of Antonio Gramsci and Bolivian sociologist René Zavaleta Mercado. Zavaleta’s concept of sociedad abigarrada (usually translated as ‘motley society’) has a history of misappropriation in which García Linera participates by articulating it with the related concept of the estado aparente to claim that the merely ‘apparent’ state which does not effectively represent the heterogeneous social reality of a country like Bolivia is abolished with the official establishment of the Plurinational State in 2009. This ideologeme of the Plurinational State as one that faithfully represents Bolivia’s abigarramiento is equated with the Gramscian stato integrale, which in Gramsci refers to the state proper plus civil society where these are thoroughly integrated to function as an organic whole (the modern capitalist nation-state). Beyond merely misusing the borrowed terms of this discursive operation, García Linera gives a prescriptive value to concepts developed for an analytical purpose to validate the existing regime.
The rise of the comparative approach in Russian legal scholarship as a factor in the modernisation of civil legislation, from the Svod Zakonov of 1833 to the Draft Civil Code of 1905
Authors: Poldnikov Dmitry 
Published: October 2019

Summary
In the second half of the 19th century Russian positive law underwent a rapid and profound reform. It is best illustrated by the legislation in the domain of civil law, as one compares the pre-reformed casuistic and inconsistent Svod Zakonov (Digest of Laws) of 1833 and the ‘westernised’ Draft Civil Code of 1905. This transition was largely facilitated by the emergence of a fully-fledged comparative legislation in Russia.
Fragile Treasures and Their “Russianness”
Authors: Karg Josephine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article examines the role of the revival of majolica in the search for a national art. It argues that the reinvention of majolica and the reform of the kustar art industry were intimately linked with the rise of ethnographic research and the revitalization of vernacular culture. The Abramtsevo circle became a nucleus for both. The endeavor to revive national heritage and to encourage the handicraft industry was spearheaded by private patronage, which had largely originated from the new urban elite in Moscow. The works made in the ceramics workshop in Abramtsevo were a significant manifestation of the Neo-Russian style and emblematized the typical “Russian” handicraft objects. This article posits that the revival of majolica pursued two main goals: the manufacture of high-quality products to stimulate the art market and the creation of national “Russian” art through the use of vernacular forms. The invention of a national style was publicized at international exhibitions and through reproduction in art magazines. The painter Mikhail Vrubel, who worked in the Abramtsevo ceramics workshop from 1890 until around 1900, became a key figure in the revival of majolica.
Comparisons of QPFs Derived from Single- and Multicore Convection-Allowing Ensembles
Authors: Clark Adam J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study compares ensemble precipitation forecasts from 10-member, 3-km grid-spacing, CONUS domain single- and multicore ensembles that were a part of the 2016 Community Leveraged Unified Ensemble (CLUE) that was run for the 2016 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment. The main results are that a 10-member ARW ensemble was significantly more skillful than a 10-member NMMB ensemble, and a 10-member MIX ensemble (5 ARW and 5 NMMB members) performed about the same as the 10-member ARW ensemble. Skill was measured by area under the relative operating characteristic curve (AUC) and fractions skill score (FSS). Rank histograms in the ARW ensemble were flatter than the NMMB ensemble indicating that the envelope of ensemble members better encompassed observations (i.e., better reliability) in the ARW. Rank histograms in the MIX ensemble were similar to the ARW ensemble. In the context of NOAA’s plans for a Unified Forecast System featuring a CAM ensemble with a single core, the results are positive and indicate that it should be possible to develop a single-core system that performs as well as or better than the current operational CAM ensemble, which is known as the High-Resolution Ensemble Forecast System (HREF). However, as new modeling applications are developed and incremental changes that move HREF toward a single-core system are made possible, more thorough testing and evaluation should be conducted.
Have drug combinations supplanted stem cell transplantation in myeloma?
Authors: Palumbo Antonio , Cavallo Federica 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The introduction of proteasome inhibitor and immunomodulatory drugs has considerably changed the treatment paradigm of multiple myeloma. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is superior to conventional chemotherapy and is considered the standard of care for patients younger than 65 years. Nevertheless, the favorable results shown by multidrug inductions, consolidations, and long-term maintenance approaches have challenged the role of ASCT. This article provides an overview of recent and ongoing clinical trials and aims to define the role of ASCT in the era of novel agents.
Case vignettes and other brain teasers of monoclonal gammopathies
Authors: Gertz Morie , Buadi Francis K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There are a number of rare monoclonal gammopathies that do not have a characteristic laboratory, imaging, or pathologic study. Recognition requires keeping the specific syndrome in mind. This article reviews 6 rare syndromes associated with monoclonal proteins and gives specific “pearls” so a clinician can be certain not to overlook these important disorders that easily can be misdiagnosed as MGUS, Waldenstrom, and multiple myeloma.
Mutations in MPNs: prognostic implications, window to biology, and impact on treatment decisions
Authors: Shammo Jamile M. , Stein Brady L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The last decade has witnessed tremendous scientific advances, ushered in by the JAK2 V617F discovery, contributing to enhanced diagnostic capability and understanding of the biology of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Discovery of the calreticulin mutations filled a diagnostic gap; more recent work sheds light on its contribution to disease pathogenesis, and prognosis. Recent studies have also identified novel JAK2 and MPL mutations in patients with essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis (MF). Especially in MF, the driver mutational profile has prognostic implications, with additive contributions from the acquisition of additional somatic mutations. The hope is that sophisticated molecular profiling will not only aid in prognostication, but also guide selection of therapy for patients with MPNs.
ACUTE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA AND HEMOGLOBINURIA FOLLOWING SULFADIAZINE MEDICATION
Authors: ROSS JOSEPH F. , PAEGEL BERTHA L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A case of acute hemolytic anemia with hemoglobinuria precipitated by sulfadiazine is described.
2. Spherocytosis and increased hypotonic saline fragility were demonstrated during the acute phase of the disease.
3. Abnormal hemagglutinins and hemolysins were not present in the patient's serum.
4. The significance of these findings as related to the etiology of the disease is discussed.
INDIVIDUAL BLOOD DIFFERENCES IN RELATION TO PREGNANCY, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF PREECLAMPTIC TOXEMIA
Authors: HURST JANE G. , TAYLOR HOWARD C. , WIENER ALEXANDER S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The titers of the isoagglutinins anti-A and anti-B in pregnant women at term do not differ significantly from the isoagglutinin titers in normal male adult blood donors. This indicates that pregnancy itself does not ordinarily stimulate a rise in isoagglutinin titer.
2. The frequency of incompatible blood groups in the infants of 31 mothers with toxemia of pregnancy was slightly higher (29 per cent) than that in a series of 166 infants of mothers without toxemia (22.3 per cent), but the difference was not statistically significant.
3. Of 37 normal mothers whose infants had blood groups incompatible with theirs, 9 were found to have a significant rise in isoagglutinin titer one week post partum. An appreciable rise in isoagglutinin titer occurred under similar circumstances in 6 of 9 mothers with toxemia. The series are too small to permit definite conclusions regarding the significance of this in relation to toxemia. However, there appears to be no doubt that under certain circumstances parturition can stimulate a rise in the maternal isoagglutinin titer.
4. No correlation was found between the occurrence of Rh incompatibility and toxemia of pregnancy.
5. The data obtained furnish additional evidence to support the theory of multiple allelic genes of heredity of the Rh blood types and also Race and Taylor’s theory of inheritance of the Hr factor.
EXPERIMENTAL LEUKOCYTOSIS. THE INEFFICACY OF P-CHLOROXYLENOL AND METHYL ACETAMIDE AS BONE MARROW STIMULANTS
Authors: MEYER LEO M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Single and multiple injections of CXM (methyl acetamide and p-chloroxylenol) have a similar action in increasing the total number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the peripheral blood of a group of 32 rats. No "shift to the left" takes place.
2. There is no stimulation of the myeloid elements of the bone marrow to suggest that this leukocytosis is due to hyperplasia.
3. The evidence suggests that the mechanism for the leukocytosis produced by the CXM consists of releasing blood cells from depots in the body. This action is selective for the granulocytes as the red cells and platelets are not affected.
4. There is progressive degeneration of the parenchymal cells of the liver after single and multiple injections of these substances.
5. If less toxic combinations of methyl acetamide and para-chloro-xylenol could be obtained, they might be of value in the treatment of certain patients with leukopenia or agranulocytosis more particularly when the bone marrow is hyperplastic but the granulocytes are not released.
A Study of the Morphology of the Living Cells of Blood and Bone Marrow in Vital Films with the Phase Contrast Microscope
Authors: ACKERMAN G. ADOLPH , BELLIOS NICHOLAS C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The cells of normal human blood and bone marrow have been examined in the living condition by means of the phase contrast microscope employing both supravital and unstained most films. The morphologic characteristics of the cells studied in this manner have been carefully described and illustrated.
Serum Electrophoretic Pattern and Morphology of Myeloma Cells
Authors: CHADBOURN WAYNE A. , ZINNEMAN HORACE H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The electrophoretic pattern of the serum proteins of 27 patients with multiple myeloma have been compared to the morphologic characteristics of the abnormal cells in the smear of the bone marrow. The cases were classified into four types of serum globulin abnormalities: Normal pattern or minimal protein alteration, "beta" pattern, "M" pattern, and "gamma" pattern. The following morphologic characteristics of the myeloma cells were evaluated: Diameter of the nucleus, diameter of the cell, eccentricity of the nucleus, clumping of nuclear chromatin, presence and number of nucleoli, mitoses, color of the cytoplasm, multiplicity of nuclei, presence of detached masses of cytoplasm in the smear, vacuoles in the cytoplasm, granularity of the cytoplasm, peripheral rim of darkly stained cytoplasm, Russell bodies, Mott cells, presence of a "Hof" and rouleaux formation of the red blood cells.
The relative area of the cytoplasm, derived from the diameter of the myeloma cell, was found to be the most valid among all morphologic characteristics in predicting the type of serum protein pattern. Small size and a small amount of cytoplasm of myeloma cells were related to the beta globulin pattern while large size and abundant cytoplasm were related to the gamma and "M" globulin patterns.
In Vitro Studies of Erythropoiesis
Authors: THOMAS E. D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method has been described whereby erythropoiesis may be studied in vitro by measuring simultaneously oxygen consumption and the rate of incorporation of radioactive glycine into hemin by rabbit bone marrow. This rate shows only a very slight decrease in the first 20 hours. The optimal pH is about 8.0. The effect of normal serum on this process has been studied. Duplicate determinations show good agreement, but various normal sera show considerable variation in the ability to promote hemin synthesis. Normal serum has been shown to have a marked stimulating effect on hemin synthesis even after considerable dilution. Human serum halts completely the synthesis of hemin by rabbit bone marrow. An interesting dissociations between hemin synthesis and oxygen consumption has been pointed out. This effect is most apparent in experiments on heat-deproteinized serum. This material retains its ability to stimulate oxygen consumption but does not stimulate hemin synthesis at all. The relation of the stimulating effect of normal serum to the hypothetical erythropoietic hormone is discussed.
Hemolytic Property of Some Carbohydrases; Their Possible Role in Red Cell Destruction
Authors: LEROY ELIE P. , SPURRIER WILMA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
β-glucuronidase, in concentration above the normal level in the blood, hemolyzed human red blood cells after a latent period of 10 to 12 hours. Erythrocytes sensitized by specific antibodies are lysed in the presence of β-glucuronidase in physiologic concentrations (approximately 200 Fishman units per 100 ml. of serum). Other enzymes, such as hyaluronidase and lysozyme, are hemolytic also. Similarity between these enzymes and the lysins found in pre-incubated tissue extracts is pointed out. It is suggested that β-glucuronidase and hyaluronidase play some role in the destruction of red blood cells under certain pathologic conditions. The inhibition of the lytic action of β-glucuronidase by D-glucosaccharic acid and by small concentration of silver nitrate is shown. Inhibitors of β-glucuronidase lysis could be of some value in the treatment of some hemolytic disorders.
Rapamycin Has Biological Activity in a Subset of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome - Results of a Phase I/II Trial.
Authors: Platzbecker Uwe , Haase Michael , Herbst Regina , Hanel Anette , Voigtmann Karsten , Thiede Christian , Mohr Brigitte , Schleyer Eberhard , Leopold Traugott , Hanel Mathias , Ehninger Gerhard , Bornhauser Martin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The pathophysiology of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) involves disturbed regulation of angiogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation as well as immune surveillance. There is increasing evidence that rapamycin (sirolimus) might affect these pathways positively thus possibly being of therapeutic benefit in patients with this disease. These data prompted us to perform a phase I/II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rapamycin in the treatment of patients with MDS. Nineteen patients (median age 72 years) diagnosed with MDS according to the WHO classification received rapamycin orally with a target blood concentration of 3–12 ng/ml. Rapamycin was administered for a median of 3.7 months (range 0.3–11). Three patients (1 x RAEB-2, 1 x RAEB-1, 1 x RCMD) showed either a major (1 x platelet, 1 x neutrophil) or a minor (1 x erythroid, 2 x platelet) hematological response according to the IWG criteria. There was no statistically significant difference in the rapamycin plasma levels between the three responders (median plasma level 3.62, range 1.63–4.39) and non-responders (median plasma level 4.22, range 2.81–7.4). Major side effects were hyperlipidemia (n=4), stomatitis (n=3), thrombocytopenia (n=2) and urinary tract infection (n=1). Study medication had to be stopped due to side effects in five patients (26 %), one of them being a responder to rapamycin. Plasma levels of rapamycin were not elevated in patients experiencing toxicity.
Taken together these data demonstrate that rapamycin might have biological activity in patients with rather advanced MDS. New and possibly less toxic analogues of rapamycin are currently developed. They could be candidates for future trials in patients with MDS.
Cytogenetic Abnormalities Predict Disease Progression in Primary Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Multicentric Study in 508 Chinese Patients.
Authors: Chen Bing , Zhao Wei-Li , Jin Jie , Xue Yong-Quan , Cheng Xin , Chen Xiao-Ting , Cui Jing , Chen Zhi-Mei , Cao Qi , Yang Guang , Yao Ying , Tong Jian-Hua , Li Jun-Min , Chen Jue , Xiong Shu-Min , Shen Zhi-Xiang , Chen Zhu , Chen Sai-Juan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal stem cell disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and frequent leukemia progression. Cytogenetic abnormalities are presented in MDS patients and predict poor prognosis. To better define their relevance to clinical outcome in Chinese patients with primary MDS, cytogenetic analysis was performed in 508 cases and retrospectively compared with clinical data. The median age was 49 years which was 10 years younger than that of western patients. The median overall survival was 34 (range 1–161) months, with the 2-year and 5-year survival rate of 50.0% and 15.0%, respectively. Among 367 cases with evaluable karyotype in bone marrow mononuclear cells, cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 136 of them (37.1%), including 56 cases (15.3%) of numeric abnormality and 80 cases (21.8%) of structural abnormality. Higher incidence of cytogenetic abnormality was found in RAEB-T (43/86, 50.0%) and RAEB (44/106, 41.5%) patients than that of RA patients (38/143, 26.6%). RAEB and RAEB-T had more cases of non-hypodipoidy, double aberrations with translocation, and complex aberrations. In RA, the most frequent aberrations were duplication and numeric changes. This study also showed RAEB appears to be the course of MDS that genome turbulence was under the evolution pressure. In RAEB-T, the genome abnormalities tend to be uniform and behaved as special translocation, which is in accordance with the clinical behavior of AL. Poor prognosis and early leukemia transformation were observed in the patients with cytogenetic abnormalities, especially with complex cytogenetic aberrations and chromosome translocations. In conclusion, cytogenetic abnormalities possess strong predictive value on disease outcome in primary MDS patients.
Notch Signaling-Dependant Expulsion of Parasites through Mast Cell-Mediated Immunity.
Authors: Sakata-Yanagimoto Mamiko , Yamaguchi-Nakagami Etsuko , Sakai Toru , Kumano Keiki , Kunisato Atsushi , Crcareva Aleksandra , Kurokawa Mineo , Ogawa Seishi , Yasutomo Koji , Hirai Hisamaru , Chiba Shigeru 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
[Background] Notch signaling is known to be important in hematopoiesis, but very little information is available about its significance in mast cells. Here we provide direct evidence that notch signaling is critical for both development and function of mast cells in vitro and in vivo.
[Methods] A Lin− fraction of mouse bone marrow cells was cultured on immobilized Delta1 in the presence of SCF and IL-3, and emerging Lin−FcεRI+c-Kit+ mast cells were characterized. Next, production of mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1), which is specific for nematode infection through locally expressed TGF-β1 in vivo, by bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) was analyzed after the stimulation with Delta1 in the presence of TGF-β1. Finally, mice were infected with Strongyloides venezuelensis after pre-treatment with Delta1, and expulsion of the worms was examined.
[Results] Lin−FcεRI+c-Kit+ mast cells developed remarkably earlier if stimulated with Delta1 (at one week, 15% vs. 3%). DAPT, a γ-secretase inhibitor, blocked the Delta1 effect, while it did not affect the regular time-course mast cell generation by SCF and IL-3. SB431542, a selective inhibitor of TGF-β1 signaling, also blocked early mast cell generation by Delta1. Delta1 augmented mMCP-1 expression and secretion from BMMC by 50 fold. Both DAPT and SB431542 showed a dose-dependent inhibition of Delta1 effect on mMCP-1 expression and secretion. Pre-treatment of the hosts with Delta1 promoted the expulsion of S. venezuelensis, (left/inoculated ratios of worms, 3% vs. 40%) while Delta1 had no effect in the mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice.
[Discussion] Our observations reveal that notch signaling regulates both development and function of mast cells in vitro in conjunction with TGF-β1 signaling. In vivo, it is also likely that Delta1 facilitates the functional maturation of intestinal mast cells to eradicate parasites. More precise mechanism of Delta1 action on mast cells in vivo is under a study.
Autologous Non-Myeloablative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (NST) for Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Authors: Burt Richard K. , Oyama Yu , Statkute Laisvyde , Krosnjar Nela , Verda Larissa , Kowalska Barbara , Traynor Ann E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Unlike leukemia in which the goal of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is myeloablation and immune suppression is an unwanted side effect, for autoimmune diseases the goal of autologous HSCT is immune ablation and myeloablation is an unwanted side effect. We, therefore, have performed autologous non-myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (NST) in treatment refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using an intense immune suppressive (“ablative”) regimen followed by autologous stem cell support to shorten the post NST cytopenic interval. Autologous NST has been performed in 45 patients with severe SLE treated over the last 7 years at Northwestern University (Chicago). Candidates were less than 60 years old with either renal (WHO class III or IV nephritis), CNS (cerebritis, transverse myelitis), or pulmonary (alveolar hemorrhage, interstitial pneumonitis, shrinking lung syndrome) involvement or vasculitis despite pulse cyclophosphamide, autoimmune transfusion dependent cytopenias despite steroids, danazol, and alkylating agents, or anti-phospholipid syndrome defined by Sapporo criteria with recurrent thrombi despite anti-coagulation. Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized with 2.0 g.m2 cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and CD34+ enriched (Isolex, Baxter). The immune ablative conditioning regimen consisted of 200mg/kg cyclophosphamide, and 90mg/kg equine antithymocyte globulin. One patient died from mucormycosis after HSC mobilization (treatment-related mortality-TRM). Four patients died of causes unrelated to NST at 11, 15, 18, and 30 months after NST. Three died of relapsed SLE, one patient with a history of Libman-Sacks died of MRSA endocarditis at 18 months after NST while in remission. Complete remission defined as a prednisone ≤ 10 mg/day with no evidence of active disease and no other immune suppressive drugs except hydroxychloroquine was achieved in 66% of patients. In these 45 patients, autologous NST for SLE had a 2% TRM and 66% long term disease free remission. If patients maintain remission for 2 years, relapse is unlikely.
Figure Figure