bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tourist events and satisfaction: a product of regional tourism competitiveness
Authors: Teixeira Sérgio Jesus , Ferreira João J.M. , Almeida António , Parra-Lopez Eduardo 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the contribution of tourist event and satisfaction with tourism events as a product of regional tourism competitiveness, as well as evaluate factors of competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe research followed a quantitative methodology by conducting a questionnaire on the four largest tourist events in Madeira (Carnival, Flower Festival, Atlantic Festival and Wine Festival), an insular island located in Portugal.FindingsThe sample consisted of 2,262 tourists surveyed during the year 2017 and structural equation models were used as the statistical method. Results showed that satisfaction is reflected in the client's loyalty to the choice of a tourist destination and also contributes directly and indirectly to the regional tourist competitiveness.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the valorization of local and regional events, perceived by the level of satisfaction and loyalty of tourists, as products of regional competitiveness of a tourist destination.
Assessing the influence of knowledge management practices on organizational performance
Authors: Meher Jamini Ranjan , Mishra Rohita Kumar 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to identify the contribution of knowledge management (KM) enablers for the organizational performance. It is difficult to measure the KM enablers, but there is sufficient reason for the contribution to employee empowerment, and indirect effects to employee commitment and organizational performance can be accessed.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper has addressed the following questions: What are the key attributes for the contribution of organizational performance? What is the role of KM enablers to the organizational performance? A systematic literature review was used to identify the KM enablers that drive organizational performance. The knowledge officers and software developers were invited to participate and respond to a survey based questionnaire to establish the important attributes of KM effectiveness. Interpretive-structural modelling was used to develop and determine the relationship between the identified enablers.

Findings
Organizational learning, clients’ review and organizational culture are the important variables for the implementation of KM practices. Moreover, both knowledge sharing and knowledge integration are responsible for employee empowerment and indirectly they accelerate the essence of employee commitment and organizational performance. Clients’ review plays a vital role in identifying the quality issues of the product and services.

Research limitations/implications
The research findings and conclusions must be seen in the context of profiles of the respondents and the organization they belongs to. The respondents are limited to HR professionals of IT firms and software developers.

Practical implications
KM enablers can lead to minimization of clients complain and make them satisfied for using the product. KM effort can also redirect toward the innovation for the improvement of product design and quality.

Originality/value
The study used interpretive-structural modelling for identifying the enablers and making a proper plan for the systematic knowledge acquisition process. The study is useful for KM professionals in developing and implementing KM systems and processes in the field of their respective domains to improve organizational performance.
Cryptic petal coloration decreases floral apparency and herbivory in nocturnally closing daisies
Authors: Kemp Jurene E. , Ellis Allan G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFloral apparency is shaped by both mutualistic and antagonistic interactions that can act in opposing ways. Pollinators are expected to select for more visually apparent flowers, but this likely trades off against the potentially severe fitness costs of damage to apparent flowers by floral herbivores. One way in which flowers that close during parts of the day might circumvent this trade‐off is by evolving less visible lower petal surfaces that are inconspicuous to herbivores when flowers are closed.Here, we used visual system modelling and herbivory experiments to test whether petal surfaces that are exposed when flowers are closed are cryptically coloured. We collected lower and upper petal surface spectra for 77 Asteraceae species from Namaqualand, South Africa. This included closing species that expose their lower petal surfaces for 5–6 daylight hours and non‐closing species that do not expose their lower surfaces. We used these contrasting groups to test the expectation of reduced conspicuousness of lower petal surfaces in closing, but not non‐closing species.By modelling reflectance spectra of petal surfaces against a green leaf background in various visual systems, we showed (a) that conspicuousness of upper petal surfaces to pollinators and various herbivores was strongly correlated, suggesting the potential for fitness trade‐offs between attracting mutualists and antagonists to open flowers, (b) that closing species' lower petal surfaces were less visible to herbivores against a leaf background than those of non‐closing species and (c) that closing species had larger differences between upper and lower petal surface coloration than non‐closing species. Behavioural experiments with tortoise herbivores demonstrated that flowers are easily detected when upper surfaces are exposed, but that tortoises were unable to distinguish lower petal surfaces against a leaf background, resulting in reduced flower herbivory.These results are consistent with selection by herbivores for cryptic coloration of lower petal surfaces, and divergence of coloration between lower and upper petal surfaces in species with closing flowers. Visual crypsis of flowers may be an effective anti‐herbivory strategy during times when pollinators are inactive, and provides an alternative to chemical defence, which often involves costs to pollination.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Probing of mortality rate by staying alive: The growth‐reproduction trade‐off in a spatially heterogeneous environment
Authors: Ejsmond Anna , Kozłowski Jan , Ejsmond Maciej J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

In many annual plants, mollusks, crustaceans and ectothermic vertebrates, growth accompanies reproduction. The growth curves of these organisms often exhibit a complex shape, with episodic cessations or accelerations of growth occurring long after maturation. The mixed allocation to growth and reproduction has poorly understood adaptive consequences, and the life‐history theory does not explain if complex growth in short‐lived organisms can be adaptive.

We model the trade‐off between growth and reproduction in a short‐lived organism evolving in a metapopulation. Individuals occupy risky or safe sites throughout their lives, but are uncertain regarding the risk of death. Modelled organisms are allowed to grow and produce offspring at specified time points (moults), although we also consider scenarios that approximate continuous growth and reproduction.

Certain combinations of risky to safe sites select for strategies with mixed allocation to growth and reproduction that bet‐hedge offspring production in safe and risky sites. Our model shows that spatially heterogeneous environments select for mixed allocation only if safe sites do not become the prevailing source of recruits, for example, when risky sites are frequent. In certain conditions, growth curves are multi‐phasic, with allocation to growth that stops, remains constant or accelerates during adult life. The resulting complex growth curves are more likely to evolve in short‐lived organisms that moult several times per adult life.

Our work shows that spatial heterogeneity can select for growth that accompanies reproduction and provides insights into the adaptive significance of complex growth curves. Short‐lived crustaceans are particularly predisposed to exhibit complex growth patterns as an adaptive response to spatially heterogeneous environments. Our results suggest that standard statistical growth models assuming adult growth rate to only decelerate over life are not well suited to approximate growth curves of short‐lived crustaceans.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Accounting for individual‐specific variation in habitat‐selection studies: Efficient estimation of mixed‐effects models using Bayesian or frequentist computation
Authors: Muff Stefanie , Signer Johannes , Fieberg John 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Popular frameworks for studying habitat selection include resource‐selection functions (RSFs) and step‐selection functions (SSFs), estimated using logistic and conditional logistic regression, respectively. Both frameworks compare environmental covariates associated with locations animals visit with environmental covariates at a set of locations assumed available to the animals. Conceptually, slopes that vary by individual, that is, random coefficient models, could be used to accommodate inter‐individual heterogeneity with either approach. While fitting such models for RSFs is possible with standard software for generalized linear mixed‐effects models (GLMMs), straightforward and efficient one‐step procedures for fitting SSFs with random coefficients are currently lacking.

To close this gap, we take advantage of the fact that the conditional logistic regression model (i.e. the SSF) is likelihood‐equivalent to a Poisson model with stratum‐specific fixed intercepts. By interpreting the intercepts as a random effect with a large (fixed) variance, inference for random‐slope models becomes feasible with standard Bayesian techniques, or with frequentist methods that allow one to fix the variance of a random effect. We compare this approach to other commonly applied alternatives, including models without random slopes and mixed conditional regression models fit using a two‐step algorithm.

Using data from mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) and Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra), we illustrate that our models lead to valid and feasible inference. In addition, we conduct a simulation study to compare different estimation approaches for SSFs and to demonstrate the importance of including individual‐specific slopes when estimating individual‐ and population‐level habitat‐selection parameters.

By providing coded examples using integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) and Template Model Builder (TMB) for Bayesian and frequentist analysis via the R packages R‐INLA and glmmTMB, we hope to make efficient estimation of RSFs and SSFs with random effects accessible to anyone in the field. SSFs with individual‐specific coefficients are particularly attractive since they can provide insights into movement and habitat‐selection processes at fine‐spatial and temporal scales, but these models had previously been very challenging to fit.
Effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on heart rate variability in conscious rats
Authors: Shi Zhang‐Jing , Cheng Ming , Liu Ying‐Cai , Fan Xin‐Rong , Zhang Yi , Wei Yan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo examine the effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) on heart rate variability (HRV), male adult Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to hypoxia (oxygen 11.1%) in a hypobaric chamber for 42 days, 6 hours each day, simulating an altitude of 5000 m. The body weight and blood pressure of rats were recorded once a week, electrocardiograms were analyzed continuously using biotelemetry, before, during and after CIHH treatment each day, and HRV was evaluated using spectrum analysis. No significant difference of body weight and blood pressure was found between CIHH and control rats. After 4 weeks of CIHH treatment, total power (TP) and very low‐frequency component (VLF) were lower in CIHH rats than in control rats under hypobaric hypoxia condition. During CIHH treatment, low frequency (LF) was higher in 1 week and lower in 5–6 weeks in CIHH rats than control rats under hypobaric hypoxia, but not normoxic conditions. The high‐frequency component (HF) was not changed during CIHH treatment, so LF/HF increased initially, and then recovered under the hypobaric hypoxia condition following 3 weeks of CIHH treatment. In addition, the HR was increased in CIHH rats after 4 weeks of CIHH treatment compared with control rats. Furthermore, HRV was altered significantly in control rats, but not in CIHH rats exposed to acute normobaric hypoxia. These data suggest that CIHH treatment modulates cardiac autonomic activity adaptively and inhibits the acute normobaric hypoxia‐induced changes in HRV.
Endometriosis and the microbiome: a systematic review
Authors: Leonardi M , Hicks C , El‐Assaad F , El‐Omar E , Condous G 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe aetiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis are still under investigation. There is evidence that there is a complex bidirectional interaction between endometriosis and the microbiome.ObjectiveTo systematically review the available literature on the endometriosis–microbiome interaction, with the aim of guiding future inquiries in this emerging area of endometriosis research.Search strategyMEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science were searched through May 2019. A manual search of reference lists of relevant studies was also performed.Selection criteriaPublished and unpublished literature in any language describing a comparison of the microbiome state in mammalian hosts with and without endometriosis.Data collection and analysisIdentified studies were screened and assessed independently by two authors. Data were extracted and compiled in a qualitative synthesis of the evidence.Main resultsEndometriosis appears to be associated with an increased presence of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli across various microbiome sites. The phylum Firmicutes and the genus Gardnerella also appear to have an association; however, this remains unclear.ConclusionsThe complex bidirectional relationship between the microbiome and endometriosis has begun to be characterised by the studies highlighted in this systematic review. Laboratory and clinical studies demonstrate that there are indeed differences in the microbiome composition of hosts with and without endometriosis.Tweetable abstractReview findings show endometriosis associated with increased Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus and Escherichia coli across various microbiome sites.
Changes in Fingerprints and the Quantity of Material Forming the Print Depending on Hand Cleanliness, Gender, and Ambient Conditions
Authors: Czech Anna , Gryszczyk Nicole , Szabelak Aleksandra , Sowiński Artur 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImpressions of friction ridges left on a surface are important evidence for identifying an individual and can be used to confirm his or her presence at the scene of an incident. Factors influencing the durability of fingerprints include the physiological characteristics and cleanliness of the individual, environmental factors, and time. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of atmospheric factors, gender, hand cleanliness and time on the width of friction ridge impressions and the amount of material forming the print. The research shows that factors such as gender, ambient conditions, and hand cleanliness affect the width of the ridge impressions and the quantity of material forming the print. The passage of time significantly reduces both the width of the ridge impressions and the quantity of the material forming the print.
Alcohol dehydrogenase 5 of Helicoverpa armigera interacts with the CYP6B6 promoter in response to 2‐tridecanone
Authors: Zhao Jie , Wei Qian , Gu Xin‐Rong , Ren Su‐Wei , Liu Xiao‐Ning 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5) is a member of medium‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase family and takes part in cellular formaldehyde and S‐nitrosoglutathione metabolic network. 2‐tridecanone (2‐TD) is a toxic compound in many Solanaceae crops to defend against a variety of herbivory insects. In the broader context of insect development and pest control strategies, this study investigates how a new ADH5 from Helicoverpa armigera (HaADH5) regulates the expression of CYP6B6, a gene involved in molting and metamorphosis, in response to 2‐TD treatment. Cloning of the HaADH5 complementary DNA sequence revealed that its 1002 bp open reading frame encodes 334 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 36.5 kD. HaADH5 protein was purified in the Escherichia coli Transetta (pET32a‐HaADH5) strain using a prokaryotic expression system. The ability of HaADH5 protein to interact with the 2‐TD responsive region within the promoter of CYP6B6 was confirmed by an in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay and transcription activity validation in yeast. Finally, the expression levels of both HaADH5 and CYP6B6 were found to be significantly decreased in the midgut of 6th instar larvae after 48 h of treatment with 10 mg/g 2‐TD artificial diet. These results indicate that upon 2‐TD treatment of cotton bollworm, HaADH5 regulates the expression of CYP6B6 by interacting with its promoter. As HaADH5 regulation of CYP6B6 expression may contribute to the larval xenobiotic detoxification, molting and metamorphosis, HaADH5 is a candidate target for controlling the growth and development of cotton bollworm.
Validation and examination of the Ohio Youth Assessment System with juvenile sex offenders
Authors: Papp Jordan , Campbell Christina A. , Miller William T. 
Published: August 2019

Research SummaryIn this study, we examined the use of an actuarial risk assessment tool—the Ohio Youth Assessment System‐Disposition Tool (OYAS‐Disposition Tool)—with juvenile sex offenders. Specifically, the main goals of the study were to (a) examine the predictive validity of the tool with sex offenders and (b) explore the nature of the use of professional discretion used to override the tool. The sample consisted of 3,235 youth from a large juvenile county court in the Midwest. The results indicated that the OYAS‐Disposition Tool was a significantly better option for predicting general recidivism for sex offenders than it was for non–sex offenders. The tool was also an effective method for predicting sexual recidivism. Most importantly, however, the use of professional overrides significantly reduced the ability of researchers to apply the tool to predict new court petitions and adjudications to nonsignificant levels. Finally, several justifications were commonly used for overrides: treatment needs, offense seriousness, and use of an alternative sex‐offender–specific assessment.Policy ImplicationsThe findings in this study highlight several important policy implications that would improve the assessment process for juvenile sex offenders. First, agencies using specialized risk assessments designed for sex offenders may consider applying a general risk assessment tool to identify a broader set of criminogenic needs and to predict risk of general recidivism. Second, there is a need to evaluate policies and practices that allow for the use of professional discretion with sex offenders given that they reduce the predictive validity of the risk tool evaluated. The high rate of overrides for juvenile sex offenders and justification for their use go against best practices in corrections. For instance, overrides were often justified based on offense seriousness; however, focusing on evidence‐based criminogenic risk factors provides the best accuracy in predicting future offending. In this study, we call into question court policies that allow for overrides based on crime type or based on a practitioner's professional judgment concerning a juvenile's level of service needs. Last, agencies should consider validation research within their agency before full adoption of a general risk assessment tool to quell concerns about the use and accuracy of a tool for special populations like juvenile sex offenders.
Blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum): A Review on Chemistry, Processing, and Health Benefits
Authors: Cortez Regina E. , Gonzalez de Mejia Elvira 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBlackcurrants (BC; Ribes nigrum) are relatively new to the U.S. market; however, they are well known and popular in Europe and Asia. The use of BC has been trending worldwide, particularly in the United States. We believe that demand for BC will grow as consumers become aware of the several potential health benefits these berries offer. The objectives of this review were to provide an up‐to‐date summary of information on BC based on articles published within the last decade; furthermore, to provide the food industry insights into possibilities for the utilization of BC. The chemistry, processing methods, and health benefits have been highlighted in addition to how the environment and variety impact the chemical constituents of BC. A search for journal publications on BC was conducted, which included keywords such as chemical characterization, health benefits, processing, technologies, anthocyanins (ANC), and proanthocyanidins. This review provides up‐to‐date information available on the subject. In conclusion, BC and their products have industrial uses from which extractions can be made to produce natural pigments to be used as food additives. BC contain flavonoids, specifically ANC, which provide the fruits with their purple color. BC are a rich source of phytochemicals with potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Also, BC have the potential to improve overall human health particularly with diseases associated with inflammation and regulation of blood glucose.
Pharmacogenetics of opioids: a narrative review
Authors: Kumar S. , Kundra P. , Ramsamy K. , Surendiran A. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAdvances in the field of pharmacogenomics have resulted in the discovery of some important single‐nucleotide polymorphisms which are found to be associated with opioid dose variability. This, to a large extent, explains genetic variability in the analgesic dose of opioids. These polymorphisms are found in various areas relevant to pain perception, including the nociceptive and antinociceptive pathways, drug receptors, drug‐metabolising enzymes and drug efflux molecules. An in‐depth knowledge of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms can help clinicians to address interindividual variability in opioid dosing and requirements. In the era of precision medicine, these genetic markers can also help us to design prognostic tools to accurately predict the analgesic dose of opioids.