bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative anxiety and depressive symptoms predicted higher incidence of delirium post coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Aburuz Mohannad Eid , Maloh Haya Ibrahim Ali Abu , Ahmed Fatma Refaat 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety, depressive symptoms and delirium are common among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Postoperative delirium is associated with diverse negative outcomes among those patients, including delayed extubation and prolonged length of stay (LoS). Existing literature has recorded the incidence and associated risk factors with delirium among patients undergoing CABG, but limited studies have checked the particular impacts of preoperative anxiety and depressive symptoms (ADS) on the incidence of postoperative delirium.AimTo determine the impact of ADS on the incidence of postoperative delirium among patient undergoing elective CABG.Study designThis was a prospective cohort study among 400 patients, 220 (55%) males and 180 (45%) females, who underwent elective CABG. The sample was recruited from six major hospitals in Jordan. ADS were measured prior to the operation using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Delirium was screened using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit by trained research assistants twice daily from the second to the fifth day postoperatively. Data were analysed using logistic and multiple regression analyses.Results160 patients (40%) developed delirium postoperatively. Regression analysis showed that older age, female sex, duration of surgery ≥7 h, depressed, anxious, and anxious and depressed categories were independent predictors for higher incidence rates of delirium. Additionally, the occurrence of delirium was an independent predictor for longer hospital/ICU LoS.ConclusionsCABG patients may experience delirium more frequently and require a longer hospital stay if they have prior anxiety or depression. Controlling ADS might decrease delirium incidence and shorten the LoS.Relevance to clinical practiceOur findings underscore the critical role nurses play in identifying and addressing psychological issues before CABG. By recognising and managing preoperative ADS, nurses can potentially reduce the risk of delirium following CABG.
Molecular and functional adaption of Arabidopsis villins
Authors: Li Xin , Zhuang Yuhui , Zhao Wanying , Qu Xiaolu , Wang Juan , Chang Ming , Shen Jiangfeng , Chen Naizhi , Huang Shanjin 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Villins are versatile, multifunctional actin regulatory proteins. They promote actin stabilization and remodeling mainly via their actin bundling and Ca2+‐dependent severing activities, respectively. Arabidopsis subclass II and III villins normally coexist in cells, but the biological significance of their coexistence remains unknown.
Here we demonstrate that subclass II villin binds to Ca2+ with high affinity and exhibits strong severing but weak bundling activity compared to subclass III villin. Subclass II villin plays a dominant role in promoting actin remodeling, which requires its Ca2+‐dependent severing activity. Subclass II villin is also strictly required for physiological processes including oriented organ growth and stress tolerance. By comparison, subclass III villin binds to Ca2+ with low affinity and exhibits weak severing but strong bundling activity, and acts as the major player in controlling actin stabilization and organization.
Thus, we demonstrate that multifunctional villin isovariants have diverged biochemically to ensure exquisite control of the actin cytoskeleton to meet different cellular needs in plants.
This study provides new insights into the role of villins in fine‐tuning actin dynamics and plant development.
The impact of retrotransposons on zygotic genome activation and the chromatin landscape of early embryos
Authors: Solberg Therese , Kobayashi‐Ishihara Mie , Siomi Haruhiko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn mammals, fertilization is followed by extensive reprogramming and reorganization of the chromatin accompanying the transcriptional activation of the embryo. This reprogramming results in blastomeres with the ability to give rise to all cell types and a complete organism, including extra‐embryonic tissues, and is known as totipotency. Transcriptional activation occurs in a process known as zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and is tightly linked to the expression of transposable elements, including endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) such as endogenous retrovirus with leucine tRNA primer (ERVL). Recent studies discovered the importance of ERVs in this process, yet the race to decipher the network surrounding these elements is still ongoing, and the molecular mechanism behind their involvement remains a mystery. Amid a recent surge of studies reporting the discovery of various factors and pathways involved in the regulation of ERVs, this review provides an overview of the knowns and unknowns in the field, with a particular emphasis on the chromatin landscape and how ERVs shape preimplantation development in mammals. In so doing, we highlight recent discoveries that have advanced our understanding of how these elements are involved in transforming the quiescent zygote into the most powerful cell type in mammals.
Jack Surgery: Reconstructing Collapsed Femoral Head in Association Research Circulation Osseous Stage III Osteonecrosis: A Series of 13 Cases
Authors: Zhong Ying , Gong Yichen , Lv Shuaijie , Du Wenxi , Liu Xun , Zhang Jianhua , Tong Peijian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAccording to Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging, patients with ARCO III osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) have joint pain and dysfunction due to the collapse of femoral head. Current hip preservation surgeries are not satisfying in the treatment of ARCO III ONFH according to the long‐term follow‐up. In our practice, we focused on reconstructing femoral head by restoring the round shape of femoral head and subsequently preventing the development of hip arthritis. To lift the collapsed femoral head and postpone the potential total hip arthroplasty, we practiced Jack surgery, combining surgical hip dislocation, removal of necrotic bone, impaction bone grafting, and lifting the cartilage of femoral head.MethodsFrom February 2019 to July 2022, 13 patients (15 hips) who received Jack surgery in the research center were included in this retrospective study. Follow‐up was conducted every 3 months after surgery for imaging and clinical evaluation. The differences between visual analogue scale (VAS) and Harris hip score (HSS) before and after surgery were compared to observe whether the femoral head collapsed and whether osteotomy healed after surgery. Severe collapse of the femoral head ( > 2 mm) or receiving total hip arthroplasty (THA) was defined as failure of hip preservation therapy. An Independent sample t‐test was used to compare the data, and the chi‐square test was used for categorical data.ResultsAll the 13 patients successfully completed the surgery and were followed up. The average time of follow‐up was 36.46 ± 16.87 months (ranging from 14 to 66 months). HSS was assessed 12 months after surgery: excellent in 1 patient with 1 hip; good in 9 patients with 11 hips; modest in 3 patients with 3 hips. To the last follow‐up, the VAS scores decreased from 6.17 ± 1.02 to 2.08 ± 0.90 (p < 0.001), HSS increased from 46.69 ± 4.15 to 89.77 ± 2.86 (p < 0.001). No deep infection, fracture, osteotomy nonunion, nerve injury, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or other complications occurred.ConclusionFor young patients with ONFH of ACRO III, this surgical technique can effectively restore the original shape of the femoral head and achieve satisfactory hip function in the short term. The mechanism is similar to jacking the roof of a house; thus, we named it “Jack surgery”.
High Inter‐Specific Diversity and Seasonality of Trunk Radial Growth in Trees Along an Afrotropical Elevational Gradient
Authors: Plavcová Lenka , Tumajer Jan , Altman Jan , Svoboda Miroslav , Stegehuis Annemiek Irene , Pejcha Vít , Doležal Jiří 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding mechanisms driving tropical tree growth is essential for comprehending carbon sequestration and predicting the future of tropical forests amid rapid deforestation. We conducted a natural experiment in Mount Cameroon to identify climatic factors limiting diurnal and seasonal growth in dominant tree species across a 2200‐m elevation gradient, from lowland rainforests to montane mist forests with distinct wet and dry seasons. Using high‐precision automatic dendrometers, we recorded radial growth rates of 28 tropical tree species from 2015 to 2018, correlating them with rainfall (11 100–2500 mm) and temperatures (23–14°C) across elevations. Significant growth limitations were suggested at both extremes of water availability. Tree growth peaked during the dry and prewet seasons at humid lower elevations and during wet seasons at drier higher elevations. Growth rates increased with soil moisture at higher elevations and peaked at medium soil moisture at lower elevations. Trees grew fastest at lower temperatures relative to their elevation‐specific means, with growth limited by high daytime temperatures and promoted by nighttime temperatures. Our results revealed significant interspecific diurnal and seasonal growth variations hindered by both water scarcity and excess in West African rainforests, essential for forecasting and modelling carbon sinks.
The Ammonium Transporter SpAMT1;2 Contributes to Nitrogen Utilisation and Cadmium Accumulation in the Hyperaccumulator Sedum Plumbizincicola
Authors: Yu Yan‐Xuan , Wang Meng‐Qi , Fang Zi‐Jun , Li Hui , Gong Ji‐Ming 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSedum plumbizincicola (Sp) is a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator found specifically in abandoned ancient mines where N is regularly deficient while Cd presents in excess. How Sp got adapted to this unique habitat remains unknown. Here, we reported relative abundant presence of NH4+ in mine areas for Sp, and the isolation and functional characterisation of a putative NH4+ transporter gene AMT1;2, which is highly expressed in Sp roots and encodes a pH‐dependent dual affinity ammonium uptake transporter. Compared to SaAMT1;2, the homologous gene in the nonhyperaccumulating control Sedum alfredii (Sa), SpAMT1;2 expression is much higher and not inhibited by Cd. Only eight amino acid sequence polymorphisms were observed between SpAMT1;2 and SaAMT1;2, and the in‐vitro NH4+ uptake activity and subcellular localisation are identical between them with or without Cd stress. Moreover, in contrast in Sa, NH4+ uptake in Sp is not inhibited by Cd, and NH4+ at ambient level promotes Cd accumulation. These data suggest that SpAMT1;2 is likely an essential gene contributing to nitrogen nutrition and the interaction between NH4+and Cd uptake in Sp, which might represent a novel N utilisation pathway evolved in mines for the hyperaccumulator Sp.
Detection of offshore oil slicks utilizing a novel joint feature extraction technique that integrates limited hyperspectral image data
Authors: Gou Tao , Li Ying , Liu Bingxin , Wang Zi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe marine environment is facing severe threats from oil spills, and hyperspectral remote sensing image technology holds great potential for rapid detection of such incidents. However, the limited sample sizes and insufficient extraction of feature information currently hinder accurate identification of offshore oil spills. To address this issue, we present the first implementation of a meta‐learning model in marine remote sensing observations using the meta‐learning–based perceptual attention generative adversarial network model (meta‐PAGAN) method. This approach integrates a perceptual attention‐based generation adversarial network to effectively detect offshore oil films despite the scarcity of hyperspectral sample data. By simultaneously executing the meta‐learning model and employing the perceptual attention network mechanism, reliance on sample data is reduced while overall generalization capability is enhanced, thereby significantly improving detection accuracy. We conducted experiments using airborne visible light/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) hyperspectral data collected during the Deepwater Horizon incident on 9 July 2010 to evaluate our meta‐PAGAN model's performance in detecting offshore oil spills with limited hyperspectral data samples. The experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms other existing models with an impressive identification accuracy rate of 98.4%. Our proposed approach possesses substantial application value in marine environment observation and navigation safety protection.
Metabolomic insights into the multiple stress responses of metabolites in major oilseed crops
Authors: Kefale Habtamu , You Jun , Zhang Yanxin , Getahun Sewnet , Berhe Muez , Abbas Ahmed A. , Ojiewo Chris O. , Wang Linhai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe multidimensional significance of metabolomics has gained increasing attention in oilseeds research and development. Sesame, peanut, soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, and perilla are the most important oilseed crops consumed as vegetable oils worldwide. However, multiple biotic and abiotic stressors affect metabolites essential for plant growth, development, and ecological adaptation, resulting in reduced productivity and quality. Stressors can result in dynamic changes in oilseed crops' overall performance, leading to changes in primary (ex: saccharides, lipids, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, phytohormones, and nucleotides) and secondary (ex: flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, coumarins, and lignans) major metabolite classes. Those metabolites indicate plant physiological conditions and adaptation strategies to diverse biotic and abiotic stressors. Advancements in targeted and untargeted detection and quantification approaches and technologies aided metabolomics and crop improvement. This review seeks to clarify the metabolomics advancements, significant contributions of metabolites, and specific metabolites that accumulate in reaction to various stressors in oilseed crops. Considering the response of metabolites to multiple stress effects, we compiled comprehensive and combined metabolic biosynthesis pathways for six major classes. Understanding these essential metabolites and pathways can inform molecular breeding strategies to develop resilient oilseed cultivars. Hence, this review highlights metabolomics advancements and metabolites' potential roles in major oilseed crops' biotic and abiotic stress responses.
The triangle of bureaucratic policy analysis and the professional types of high‐level civil servants: Empirical evidence from Southern Europe
Authors: Capano Giliberto , Cavalieri Alice , Pritoni Andrea 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite the growing interest in the policy work and analytical capacities of bureaucracies, these dimensions have not been treated as central to characterizing and understanding the role of senior civil servants in policymaking, which is usually conceptualized in terms of their relationship with policymakers or other organizational and societal factors. This article fills this gap by proposing an analytical framework that allows the empirical classification of high‐level civil servants according to the “triangle of bureaucratic policy analysis”, which consists of possible links between their policy work, their policy analytical capacities, and the types of information they use. We apply this analytical lens to the results of a large survey of approximately 1000 senior civil servants in Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. Our findings consist of three empirical professional types of top bureaucrats, the “political generalist”, the “manager”, and the “legal advisor”, each characterized by a particular combination of specific policy analytical capacities, sources and types of information used, and policy work. The proposed framework thus offers a promising conceptual lens for comparative research and demonstrates how a focus on the policy dimensions of high‐level officials' activities can provide a novel perspective on their roles.
A new class of nonparametric tests for second‐order stochastic dominance based on the Lorenz P–P plot
Authors: Lando Tommaso , Legramanti Sirio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGiven samples from two non‐negative random variables, we propose a family of tests for the null hypothesis that one random variable stochastically dominates the other at the second order. Test statistics are obtained as functionals of the difference between the identity and the Lorenz P–P plot, defined as the composition between the inverse unscaled Lorenz curve of one distribution and the unscaled Lorenz curve of the other. We determine upper bounds for such test statistics under the null hypothesis and derive their limit distribution, to be approximated via bootstrap procedures. We then establish the asymptotic validity of the tests under relatively mild conditions and investigate finite‐sample properties through simulations. The results show that our testing approach can be a valid alternative to classic methods based on the difference in the integrals of the cumulative distribution functions, which require bounded support and struggle to detect departures from the null in some cases. The same approach can be extended to a family of fractional‐degree stochastic orders, including the first order as a limiting case.
Same gender typicality, risky technology use, and disordered eating among adolescents
Authors: Salomon Ilyssa , Brown Christia Spears 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study explored the moderating role of self‐perceived same gender typicality in the relationship between risky technology use and disordered eating outcomes among adolescents. The sample consisted of early adolescents (N = 147; Mage = 14.54, SDage = .57; 75 boys, 69 girls, and 3 missing) who completed a written survey at their public high school. Participants identified as 68% White, 14.3% mixed‐race/more than one race, 4.1% Black/African American, 4.8% Hispanic/Latinx, .7% Asian, 1.4% American Indian/Alaskan Native, and .7% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (eight missing). The study found that higher risky technology use was associated with higher eating disorder risk and behavior regardless of gender. Results also indicated that the relationship between risky technology use and disordered eating outcomes was the strongest among adolescents with low self‐perceived same gender typicality compared to peers. Overall, the findings suggest that adolescents who feel less gender typical than their peers may be more vulnerable to the impact of technology on body‐related outcomes. Findings, limitations, and implications are discussed.
Impact of information shortcuts on preferential voting: Gender and ballot position effects in Luxembourg and Switzerland
Authors: Ortega Carmen , Oñate Pablo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFree party lists provide voters with greater freedom of choice than other electoral systems, allowing them to select candidates within and between parties. Given that free party lists are cognitively highly demanding, voters have incentives to use shortcuts to discriminate between candidates. This study uses multilevel linear regression models to analyze the effect of candidates' gender and ballot position on preference voting in Luxembourg and Switzerland. Our results show that both candidates' gender and ballot position have a significant effect on their preference voting share and provide evidence on how they interact in intraparty competition. Candidates' ballot position has an inverse J‐shaped effect on their preference vote share. This effect varies with candidates' gender in both countries but works in different directions. Our findings have important implications for electoral system design, outlining the potential consequences of alphabetical and party‐ordered lists for candidates' chances and for electoral gender quotas' effectiveness under intraparty preference voting procedures.
Not Just an Oxymoron: The Utilitarian's Guide to Antimicrobial Stewardship in Transplant Infectious Diseases
Authors: Gorsline Chelsea A. , Sharma Divisha , Harris Courtney E. , Hand Jonathan , Imlay Hannah , Stohs Erica J. , So Miranda , Kumar Rebecca N. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSolid organ transplant and hematopoietic cell transplant patients face an increased risk of infectious diseases, greater exposure to antibiotics, and heightened risk of multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs) due to their immunosuppressed state. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) are essential in reducing the incidence of MDRO by conserving antimicrobial use, minimizing treatment durations, and improving the appropriate use of diagnostic testing. However, the role of ASP in transplant infectious diseases (TID) is still evolving, necessitating greater collaboration between ASP and transplant programs. This collaboration will mitigate infection risks, reduce infection‐associated costs, and improve outcomes. This article reviews the key components for implementing ASP in TID, especially for those that are establishing or growing their ASP to include TID, including specific goals, structure and funding, ASP initiatives (including antibiotic allergy delabeling, diagnostic stewardship, and antiviral/antifungal stewardship), metrics, and educational opportunities.
Laser dissection‐assisted phloem transcriptomics highlights the metabolic and physiological changes accompanying clubroot disease progression in oilseed rape
Authors: Blicharz Sara , Stefanowicz Karolina , Truman William , Basińska‐Barczak Aneta , Singh Deeksha , Kasprzewska Anna , de Diego Nuria , Vrobel Ondřej , Ćavar Zeljković Sanja , Tarkowski Petr , Malinowski Robert 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYPlasmodiophora brassicae, a soil‐borne biotroph, establishes galls as strong physiological sinks on Brassicaceae plants including Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana. We compare transcriptional profiles of phloem dissected from leaf petioles and hypocotyls of healthy and infected B. napus plants. Our results highlight how pathogenesis accompanies phloem‐mediated defence responses whilst exerting a strong influence on carbon–nitrogen (C–N) economy. We observe transcriptional changes indicating decreased aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, fluctuating jasmonic acid responses, altered amino acid (AA) and nitrate transport, carbohydrate metabolism and modified cytokinin responses. Changes observed in phloem‐dissected from upper versus lower plant organs point to phloem as a conduit in mediating C–N repartitioning, nutrition‐related signalling and cytokinin dynamics over long distances during clubroot disease. To assess changes in physiology, we measured AAs, sugars and cytokinins, in phloem exudates from B. napus plants. Despite the decrease in most AA and sucrose levels, isopentyl‐type cytokinins increased within infected plants. Furthermore, we employed Arabidopsis for visualising promoter activities of B. napus AA and N transporter orthologues and tested the impact of disrupted cytokinin transport during P. brassicae‐induced gall formation using Atabcg14 mutants. Our physiological and microscopy studies show that the host developmental reaction to P. brassicae relies on cytokinin and is accompanied by intense nitrogen and carbon repartitioning. Overall, our work highlights the systemic aspects of host responses that should be taken into account when studying clubroot disease.