bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Going beyond Audit and Feedback: Towards Behaviour-Based Interventions to Change Physician Laboratory Test Ordering Behaviour
Authors: Meidani Z , Mousavi GA , Kheirkhah D , Benar N , Maleki MR , Sharifi M , Farrokhian A 
Published: March 2018

Studies indicate there are a variety of contributing factors affecting physician test ordering behaviour. Identifying these behaviours allows development of behaviour-based interventions. Methods Through a pilot study, the list of contributing factors in laboratory tests ordering, and the most ordered tests, were identified, and given to 50 medical students, interns, residents and paediatricians in questionnaire form. The results showed routine tests and peer or supervisor pressure as the most influential factors affecting physician ordering behaviour. An audit and feedback mechanism was selected as an appropriate intervention to improve physician ordering behaviour. The intervention was carried out at two intervals over a three-month period. Findings There was a large reduction in the number of laboratory tests ordered; from 908 before intervention to 389 and 361 after first and second intervention, respectively. There was a significant relationship between audit and feedback and the meaningful reduction of 7 out of 15 laboratory tests including complete blood count (p = 0.002), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.01), C-reactive protein (p = 0.01), venous blood gas (p = 0.016), urine analysis (p = 0.005), blood culture (p = 0.045) and stool examination (p = 0.001). Conclusion The audit and feedback intervention, even in short duration, affects physician ordering behaviour. It should be designed in terms of behaviour-based intervention and diagnosis of the contributing factors in physicians’ behaviour. Further studies are required to substantiate the effectiveness of such behaviour-based intervention strategies in changing physician behaviour.
Disseminated Tuberculosis – Diagnostic Challenges of Atrial Tuberculoma Masquerading as Atrial Myxoma
Authors: Alaga A , Yew YX , Razul MK 
Published: March 2018

A 47-year-old female, with multiple comorbidities, presented with a cough of two months, loss of weight and appetite. She was treated for pneumonia. A chest X-ray showed bilateral reticulonodular opacities. She was noted to have a vague central abdominal mass and a systolic murmur over the mitral region. Ultrasonography and computed tomography of the abdomen showed an omental mass and loculated ascites. Oesophagoduedenoscopy showed antral gastritis and during colonoscopy the surgical team was unable to advance the scope beyond 40 cm due to external compression. An echocardiogram showed a right atrial mass and a pericardial effusion over the posterior wall. A possible diagnosis of atrial myxoma was made. Sputum acid-fast bacillus was negative. The patient was treated empirically for disseminated tuberculosis and scheduled for bronchoscopy by the pulmonology team. The patient showed remarkable improvement after day 7 of anti-tuberculosis medication. GeneXpert study came back as positive. CT abdomen and echocardiogram repeated after 2 weeks of treatment showed reduction in the mass.
Conservation of Manjishtha–Rubia cordifolia L. through Nodal Culture
Authors: Gurav Arun M , Sinha Ritu , Mhase Archana G , Rao Gajendra , Mangal Anupam K , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: March 2018

Aim:
Manjishtha—Rubia cordifolia L. (family: Rubiaceae) is an important medicinal plant and used in various Ayurvedic formulations. Plant parts like roots, stems, leaves and fruits are being used to treat various respiratory and skin diseases. Manjistha is excessively collected from natural habitat and becoming rare and vulnerable in different parts of country. Therefore, it is decided to develop a systematic in vitro protocol for rapid multiplication of the plant.

Materials and methods:
Nodal segments collected from healthy, desease free plant were used as explants. Pretreated and surface sterilized nodal segments were implanted on to MS basal medium as well as MS fortified with different concentrations of plant growth regulators viz., BAP, TDZ, Kn, NAA, IAA, IBA singly or in combinations. Then, the cultures were incubated at 22°C ± 2°C for 8 hours photoperiod with light intensity of 3000 lux.

Results:
Maximum number of shoots (20–25) developed from the nodal segments inoculated on MS + TDZ (0.5 mg/l) + 0.1% PVP liquid medium. The best rooting (2–3 roots) were developed in MS + IBA (2 mg/l) in 8 to 14 days.

Conclusion:
The in vitro protocol developed would be beneficial to multiply the plants of R. cordifolia on large scale within the short period with low cost and to conserve the plant.
Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Arjuna Flowers
Authors: Reddy M Prathapa , Ramaseshan Shantha T , Parvatamma Naveen KS , Rao Vendrapati R , Nagayya Shiddamallayya , Bhat Sulochana 
Published: March 2018

Introduction:Terminalia arjuna(Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn., known asArjuna,is an important medicinal plant used in Ayurvedic and traditional systems of medicine. This plant is being used to cure various ailments in India for several years. According toPushpaayurvedahwritten by Priya Vrat Sharma, Arjuna flowers are used as one of the chief ingredient in some Ayurvedic formulations, which are used for preventing of baldness and graying of hairs, i.e.,Mahanila taila, Nilabindu taila, kasmaryadi taila, Ketakyadi taila.It is also useful in Helminthiasis (Krimiroga),raktapitta(internal hemorrhage), and for some poisons. Though many therapeutics uses have been prescribed in Ayurveda for Arjuna flowers in addition to the other parts, no work has been carried out on flower part. Hence, the present study has been attempted for the first time. Physicochemical analysis, such as loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and different extractive values and preliminary phytochemical screening for various groups of secondary metabolites has been carried out as per standard protocols.Aim:The present study was carried out to establish pharma- cognostical standards and important identification/diagnostic characteristics for identification ofTerminalia arjunaflowers.Materials and methods:Flower material was collected from its natural habitat in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, and authenticated by subject expert, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Metabolic Disorders, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. The flowers were shade dried, powdered, and used for tests. The macro-, microscopical, physicochemical, and preliminary phytochemical studies have been carried out by adopting standard methods.Results:The microscopic characteristics of the flowers showed the presence of abundant combretaceous-type trichomes, rosette and clustered type of calcium oxalate crystals, reddish orange tannin content, resin ducts, endothecium cells, and abundant rounded pollen grains in three colporate and in monads.Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, phenols, proteins, saponins, and tannins.Conclusion:The macro-, microscopical, powder studies, and preliminary phytochemical investigations ofT. arjunaflowers may be used to establish the botanical standards for identification and standardization ofT. arjunaflowers.
Editorial Volume 9, Issue 2 2018
Authors: Nelson Karen , Creagh Tracy 
Published: March 2018

Welcome to our second issue for 2018. In February we opened the year with the publication of Volume 9(1), a special issue dedicated to the top papers from the 6th Biennial National Association of Enabling Educators of Australia (NAEEA) Conference which was hosted by Southern Cross University at the Gold Coast, Australia in December 2017. Shortly after this Conference, the Australian Government announced that undergraduate funding was to be capped at 2017 levels, effectively stopping the demand driven funding system for high education in Australia. With that backdrop Volume 9(1) was a timely opportunity to consider the impact of disruption, and as perceptions of the value of higher education are challenged, to reiterate the value of supporting access and equity to higher education institutions.
Allelopathic Inhibition of Nitrifying Bacteria by Legumes
Authors: Umiyati Uum 
Published: March 2018

The study aimed at understanding the competitive ability of legumes Vigna radiata L. and Mucuna pruriens with weeds and their effects on the activity of nitrifying bacteria in soils and the contents of organic-N in legumes and weeds. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three factors and four replications. The first factor was soil order, i.e. Inceptisol and Vertisol; the second factor was types of legumes, i.e. Vigna radiata L. cultivar Sriti and Mucuna pruriens; and the third factor was weed management, i.e. with weed management and without weed management. The results showed that Vigna radiata L. and Mucuna pruriens indirectly influence the supply of available nitrogen in soils that can be taken up by the coexisted plants or weeds via the inhibition of the growth of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter in soils. As a results, the organic-N content in weeds decreases, which is in contrast to the increasing amount of organic-N in Vigna radiata L. and Mucuna pruriens. The results indicated that Vigna radiata L. and Mucuna pruriens are considered as allelophatic legumes, resulting in low organic-N content in weeds. Keywords: Allelopathic, Mucuna pruriens, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Vigna radiata
Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasms With Papillary-like Nuclear Features Are Genetically and Biologically Similar to Adenomatous Nodules and Distinct From Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas With Extensive Follicular Growth
Authors: Johnson Daniel N. , Furtado Larissa V. , Long Bradley C. , Zhen Chao Jie , Wurst Michelle , Mujacic Ibro , Kadri Sabah , Segal Jeremy P. , Antic Tatjana , Cipriani Nicole A. 
Published: March 2018

Context.—Proposed noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTPs), formerly noninvasive encapsulated papillary carcinoma, follicular variant (PTC-FV), is an indolent tumor with follicular growth and frequent RAS mutations.Objective.—To detect histologic and molecular differences separating NIFTP from follicular adenomas (FAs) and invasive carcinomas, particularly papillary carcinomas with extensive follicular growth (PTC-EFGs) and invasive encapsulated PTC-FV (IE-PTC-FV).Design.—Sixty-one tumors were reviewed histologically and reclassified into 32 NIFTPs (52%), 4 IE-PTC-FVs (7%), 14 PTC-EFGs (23%), and 11 FAs (18%). Next-generation sequencing for mutations in 50 genes was performed. Clinical outcomes were recorded.Results.—The NIFTPs and FAs were well circumscribed and unencapsulated. The FAs had bland nuclei, whereas the NIFTPs showed at least 2 of 3 (67%; sufficient) nuclear features (enlargement, irregular contours, chromatin clearing). The IE-PTC-FVs had follicular growth, sufficient nuclear features, and extensive capsular invasion. The PTC-EFGs had a median of 5% papillae with intrathyroidal invasion (broad-based, sclerotic, or small follicle growth patterns); intranuclear pseudoinclusions were present only in PTC-EFGs (9 of 14; 64%). Mutations included RAS in 20 of the 32 NIFTPs (62%), 4 of the 11 FAs (36%), and 3 of the 4 IE-PTC-FVs (75%); BRAF K601E in 1 NIFTP (3%); BRAF V600E in 5 PTC-EFGs (36%). No NIFTPs or FAs recurred or metastasized. All 4 IE-PTC-FVs (100%) had hematogenous metastasis. Two PTC-EFGs (14%) had lymphatic metastasis.Conclusions.—The morphologic similarity and RAS mutations in FAs, NIFTPs, and IE-PTC-FVs supports the genetic similarity of those follicular neoplasms in contrast to the unique presence of BRAF V600E mutations in PTC-EFGs. Using strict diagnostic criteria supported by molecular testing, tumors with extensive follicular growth can be classified into follicular type or RAS-like (FA, NIFTP, IE-PTC-FV) versus papillary type or BRAF V600E–like (PTC-EFG).
Feasibility of the Less Is More Approach in Treating Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Diagnosed on Core Needle Biopsy: Ten-Year Review of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Upgraded to Invasion at Surgery
Authors: Podoll Mirna B. , Reisenbichler Emily S. , Roland Lania , Bruner Andrew , Mizuguchi Sarah , Sanders Mary Ann G. 
Published: March 2018

Context.—
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represents 20% of screen-detected breast cancers. The likelihood that certain types of DCIS are slow growing and may never progress to invasion suggests that our current standards of treating DCIS could result in overtreatment. The LORIS (LOw RISk DCIS) and LORD (LOw Risk DCIS) trials address these concerns by randomizing patients with low-risk DCIS to either active surveillance or conventional treatment.

Objective.—
To determine the upgrade rate of DCIS diagnosed on core needle biopsy to invasive carcinoma at surgery and to evaluate the safety of managing low-risk DCIS with surveillance alone, by characterizing the pathologic and clinical features of upgraded cases and applying criteria of the LORD and LORIS trials to these cases.

Design.—
A 10-year retrospective analysis of DCIS on core needle biopsy with subsequent surgery.

Results.—
We identified 1271 cases of DCIS on core needle biopsy: 200 (16%) low grade, 649 (51%) intermediate grade, and 422 (33%) high grade. Of the 1271 cases, we found an 8% upgrade rate to invasive carcinoma (n = 105). Nineteen of the 105 upgraded cases (18%) had positive lymph nodes. Low-grade DCIS was least likely to upgrade to invasion, comprising 10% (10 of 105) of upgraded cases. Three of the 105 upgraded cases (3%) met criteria for the LORD trial, and all were low-grade DCIS on core needle biopsy with favorable biology on follow-up.

Conclusions.—
There is a clear risk of upgrade to invasion on follow-up excision; however, applying strict criteria of the LORD trial effectively decreases the likelihood of a missed invasive component or missed aggressive pathologic features.
Temperament and character effects on late adolescents’ well-being and emotional-behavioural difficulties
Authors: Crescentini Cristiano , Garzitto Marco , Paschetto Andrea , Brambilla Paolo , Fabbro Franco 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundResearch on adults points to personality as a crucial determinant of well-being. The present study investigates the question of personality’s relation to well-being and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence.MethodsWe assessed the role of temperament and character (Temperament and Character Inventory, TCI-125), on psychological well-being (PWB; Psychological Well-Being scales), subjective well-being (SWB; Positive and Negative Affect, PA and NA, respectively), and psychosocial adjustment (emotional-behavioural problems measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for Adolescents, SDQ-A), in 72 Italian late adolescents (aged 17.5 ± 0.75). Multiple regressions were conducted to predict PWB, SWB, and SDQ-A scores using TCI-125 scales as predictors.ResultsCharacter maturity, and in particular Self-Directedness, had a widespread protective effect on well-being and psychosocial adjustment, while different strengths and emotional-behavioural difficulties were associated to specific temperamental and character traits. For example, Harm-Avoidance and Novelty-Seeking positively predicted internalized and externalized problems, respectively.DiscussionThe present results suggest the usefulness of continuing to evaluate temperament and, in particular, character dimensions in investigations focused on adolescents’ well-being and psychosocial functioning, especially in the contexts of potential interventions aimed at enhancing development of adolescents’ character dimensions at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal levels.
Covalent Organic Frameworks as a Decorating Platform for Utilization and Affinity Enhancement of Chelating Sites for Radionuclide Sequestration
Authors: Sun Qi , Aguila Briana , Earl Lyndsey D. , Abney Carter W. , Wojtas Lukasz , Thallapally Praveen K. , Ma Shengqian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe potential consequences of nuclear events and the complexity of nuclear waste management motivate the development of selective solid‐phase sorbents to provide enhanced protection. Herein, it is shown that 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with unique structures possess all the traits to be well suited as a platform for the deployment of highly efficient sorbents such that they exhibit remarkable performance, as demonstrated by uranium capture. The chelating groups laced on the open 1D channels exhibit exceptional accessibility, allowing significantly higher utilization efficiency. In addition, the 2D extended polygons packed closely in an eclipsed fashion bring chelating groups in adjacent layers parallel to each other, which may facilitate their cooperation, thereby leading to high affinity toward specific ions. As a result, the amidoxime‐functionalized COFs far outperform their corresponding amorphous analogs in terms of adsorption capacities, kinetics, and affinities. Specifically, COF‐TpAb‐AO is able to reduce various uranium contaminated water samples from 1 ppm to less than 0.1 ppb within several minutes, well below the drinking water limit (30 ppb), as well as mine uranium from spiked seawater with an exceptionally high uptake capacity of 127 mg g−1. These results delineate important synthetic advances toward the implementation of COFs in environmental remediation.
Stretchable All‐Gel‐State Fiber‐Shaped Supercapacitors Enabled by Macromolecularly Interconnected 3D Graphene/Nanostructured Conductive Polymer Hydrogels
Authors: Li Panpan , Jin Zhaoyu , Peng Lele , Zhao Fei , Xiao Dan , Jin Yong , Yu Guihua 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNanostructured conductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs) have been extensively applied in energy storage owing to their advantageous features, such as excellent electrochemical activity and relatively high electrical conductivity, yet the fabrication of self‐standing and flexible electrode‐based CPHs is still hampered by their limited mechanical properties. Herein, macromolecularly interconnected 3D graphene/nanostructured CPH is synthesized via self‐assembly of CPHs and graphene oxide macrostructures. The 3D hybrid hydrogel shows uniform interconnectivity and enhanced mechanical properties due to the strong macromolecular interaction between the CPHs and graphene, thus greatly reducing aggregation in the fiber‐shaping process. A proof‐of‐concept all‐gel‐state fibrous supercapacitor based on the 3D polyaniline/graphene hydrogel is fabricated to demonstrate the outstanding flexibility and mouldability, as well as superior electrochemical properties enabled by this 3D hybrid hydrogel design. The proposed device can achieve a large strain (up to ≈40%), and deliver a remarkable volumetric energy density of 8.80 mWh cm−3 (at power density of 30.77 mW cm−3), outperforming many fiber‐shaped supercapacitors reported previously. The all‐hydrogel design opens up opportunities in the fabrication of next‐generation wearable and portable electronics.
Diaryl‐1,2,3‐Triazolylidene Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Soellner Johannes , Strassner Thomas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractControl of the excited state geometry by rational ligand design leads to a new class of phosphorescent emitters with extraordinary photophysical properties. Extension of the π‐system in the triplet state leading to a significant bathochromic shift of the emission was avoided by introduction of additional steric demand. We report the synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of novel platinum(II) complexes bearing C^C* cyclometalated mesoionic carbene (MIC) with different β‐diketonate ligands. The MIC ligand precursors were prepared from 1‐phenyl‐1,2,3‐triazole using arylation protocols, introducing phenyl or mesityl functionalities. A solid state structure confirming the NMR assignments is presented. The emission properties were investigated in detail at room temperature and 77 K and are supported by DFT calculations and cyclic voltammetry. All complexes, with emission maxima between 502–534 nm, emit with quantum efficiencies ranging from 70–84 % in PMMA films.
Expanding the Schulze–Hardy Rule and the Hofmeister Series to Nanometer‐Scaled Hydrophilic Macroions
Authors: Chu Yang , Chen Jiahui , Haso Fadi , Gao Yunyi , Szymanowski Jennifer E. S. , Burns Peter C. , Liu Tianbo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Schulze–Hardy rule is a well‐established observation in colloid science (can be derived from the DLVO theory) that demonstrates the relationship between the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of colloids and the valence of extra counterionic electrolytes (z), with a simple mathematical relationship of CCC≈z−6. Here the Schulze–Hardy Rule is expanded to much smaller, nano‐scaled soluble macroions in aqueous solution, by examining the stability of the macroions in the presence of additional electrolytes. The CCC values of the macroions follow the general trend of CCC≈z−n but the n value is significantly dependent on the surface charge density of the macroions, ranging from n=2 at very low surface charge density to n=6 at a high surface charge density. In addition, different cations with the same valence showed clear different impacts on the CCC values, with an interesting trend being connected to the Hofmeister series originally discovered in protein solutions.
Hydrogenation of Fluorographite and Fluorographene: An Easy Way to Produce Highly Hydrogenated Graphene
Authors: Bouša Daniel , Mazánek Vlastimil , Sedmidubský David , Jankovský Ondřej , Pumera Martin , Sofer Zdeněk 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFluorographene is an excellent precursor for the synthesis of graphene derivatives. Relative to pure graphene, fluorographene possesses higher reactivity and, in comparison with graphene oxide, is also homogenous in composition, which enables the preparation of well‐defined materials. Recently, it has been shown that several graphene derivatives can be synthesized from fluorographene, thus yielding various products such as graphene acid or alkylated graphene. This study focuses on the hydrogenation of fluorographene by using various hydrogenation reactions, including the use complex hydrides and solvated electrons in different media. In addition, a comparison of these reactions shows that fluorinated graphite has significantly lower reactivity than fluorographene. The conversion rates of these reactions are higher when fluorographene is used relative to fluorographite. These reactions can be used to tune the hydrogen/fluorine composition on a graphene backbone.
Mental health disclosure amongst clinical psychologists in training: Perfectionism and pragmatism
Authors: Grice Tom , Alcock Kat , Scior Katrina 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesThis study investigated the incidence of lived experience of mental health problems amongst UK‐based trainee clinical psychologists and factors associated with anticipated disclosure for trainees both with and without lived experience.MethodsA web‐based survey comprising the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, an adapted version of the Perceived Devaluation and Discrimination Scale, and questions about lived experience and anticipated likelihood of disclosure.ResultsThe survey was completed by 348 trainees across 19 UK training institutions. Sixty‐seven percent reported lived experience of a mental health problem. For these trainees, there was no difference in anticipated likelihood of disclosing to different recipient types after controlling for maladaptive perfectionism. However, across all participants, anticipated disclosure was associated with maladaptive perfectionism, temporal proximity, anticipated stigma (past), and recipient type. Anticipated stigma (present) was not associated with anticipated disclosure.ConclusionsResults support an approach to communicating about mental health disclosure that incorporates responsibility, interdependency, and transparency. Suggestions for further research are discussed.