bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent pregnancy lossesvis-à-visanemia and vitamin (Folate/B12) imbalance
Authors: Kaur Lovejeet , Puri Manju , Saraswathy Kallur Nava , Trivedi Shubha Sagar , Sachdeva Mohinder Pal 
Published: August 2018

PurposeRecurrent pregnancy losses (RPL), a major contributor of reproductive wastage, affect maternal health both physically and mentally. Folate and B12 (Vitamin B12) deficiency anemia is common in the reproductive age group women in developing countries like India. And due to proven role of folate in various maternal and fetal anomalies, women are routinely prescribed folic acid under various national policies. However, B12 supplementation is rare, despite known deleterious effects of its deficiency. The purpose of this paper is to understand RPL through anemia with special reference to folate and B12 imbalance.Design/methodology/approachMultiparous women with normal obstetric outcomes (n=135) and women with Idiopathic RPL (n=105) were recruited in the study. All women were non-pregnant and belonged to North Indian population. Hb, serum folate and B12 and plasma homocysteine were measured in all the women. Anemia was classified according to WHO guidelines (Hemoglobin (Hb)<12g/dL).FindingsThe incidence of Anemia was more among normal multiparous women (73 percent) as compared to women with RPL (60 percent). However, unlike folate deficiency anemia among controls, B12 deficiency anemia was observed in women with RPL. Moreover, these women, despite being less anemic, with high B12 deficiency and folate sufficiency (presumably due to folate supplementation) had more imbalanced vitamin metabolism, as evident from homocysteine levels. The study suggests that anemic or non-anemic deficiencies of B12 and folate among women with RPL may be combated by screening for both vitamins, rather than supplementing folate indiscriminately to all.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the limitations is that ferritin levels for iron deficiency anemia could not be measured in this study.Originality/valueThe present study is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, where we looked for the role of imbalance of folate and B12 in women with RPL.
A novel MCDM model for prioritizing the renewable power plants’ construction
Authors: Sedady Fatima , Beheshtinia Mohammad Ali 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a new multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique to determine the priority of renewable power plants construction conceding technical, economic, social, political and environmental aspects.

Design/methodology/approach
First, a comprehensive set of 5 main criteria of technical, economic, social, political and environmental are considered for renewable power plants construction, each including 5 sub-criteria (a total of 25 sub-criteria). Then, the analytic hierarchy process method is used to determine the weight of the criteria. Finally, a new MCDM technique proposed to prioritize the construction of renewable power plants, named TOPKOR. To demonstrate the capability of the proposed method, a case study is conducted in which six types of renewable power plants are evaluated.

Findings
Comparison results of the main criteria weights show that the “economic” [0.403], “environmental” [0.296] and “technical” [0.17] aspects have the highest importance, respectively. The results also show that solar, hydroelectric and wave and tidal power plants have the highest priority for construction, respectively.

Research limitations/implications
The result of this research could be useful for related decision makers in construction of the renewable power plants to have a comprehensive set of criteria in technical, economic, social, political and environmental aspects in their decision process.

Originality/value
This research provides a comprehensive set of criteria and sub-criteria for prioritizing the renewable power plants. Moreover, a new hybrid MCDM technique is introduced for prioritizing the construction of power plants.
Trace‐imposed stretch correction in Kirchhoff prestack time migration
Authors: Liu Qiancheng , Zhang Jianfeng 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTKirchhoff prestack time migration, which works trace‐by‐trace, remains appealing to academia and industry due to its robustness and efficiency. However, like the other prestack migration methods, Kirchhoff prestack time migration also suffers from the angle‐dependent stretching effect, which narrows the amplitude spectra of seismic data. This effect gets more severe as the incident angle increases. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, which attaches a prediction shaping filter to the Kirchhoff prestack time migration, to mitigate the stretching effect. Our approach takes advantage on the trace‐by‐trace implementation of the prestack time migration algorithm, without the output of the angle‐domain common‐imaging gather. Also, our method can cascade with Q‐compensation in prestack time migration. We demonstrate our method with both a numerical example and a field data example.
The Origins of Epenthesis in Liquid+Sonorant Clusters in Mid‐Ulster English
Authors: Maguire Warren 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEpenthesis in liquid+sonorant clusters is a well known feature of Irish English, almost universally assumed to be the result of contact with Irish, which has extensive epenthesis. However, epenthesis was (and still is to a degree) common in English and Scots in Britain, specifically in liquid+sonorant clusters in stem‐level codas. This paper examines epenthesis in Mid‐Ulster English (MUE), comparing it to epenthesis in Irish, English and Scots. This comparison reveals that epenthesis in MUE is essentially identical to epenthesis in English and Scots, diachronically and synchronically, and is not very like epenthesis in Irish. At most, Irish played a reinforcing role in the development of epenthesis in MUE. That this most `Irish‐like’ of features of this Irish English dialect is not of Irish origin has important consequences for our understanding of the historical phonology of MUE and other Irish English dialects.
Comparative study between 68Ga‐prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography and conventional imaging in the initial staging of prostate cancer
Authors: Wong Hui Sze , Leung John , Bartholomeusz Dylan , Sutherland Peter , Le Hien , Nottage Michelle , Iankov Ivan , Chang Joe H 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe management of prostate cancer has undergone significant advances since the introduction of 68Ga‐prostate‐specific membrane antigen (68Ga‐PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Data on the use of 68Ga‐PSMA PET scans in the setting of biochemical recurrence is widely available. Data on the use of 68Ga‐PSMA PET as an initial staging modality, however, is limited. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the staging of patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer between 68Ga‐PSMA PET and current conventional imaging modalities. The potential impact of any change in stage will be analysed.MethodsDetails of all patients who underwent 68Ga‐PSMA PET in South Australia between March 2016 and March 2017 were obtained. One hundred and thirty‐one patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer who had 68Ga‐PSMA PET prior to consideration of definitive treatment were included in this study. The stage pre‐68Ga‐PSMA PET (based on conventional imaging) and post‐68Ga‐PSMA PET was recorded. The stage was classified as A – localised disease, B – presence of regional lymphadenopathy, C – oligometastatic disease (up to three metastases) and D – widespread metastases. Management plans were recorded.ResultsThis study showed that the use of 68Ga‐PSMA PET resulted in a change of stage in 37 (28%) patients with an upstage in 17 (13%) patients and a downstage in 20 (15%) patients (P < 0.001). 68Ga‐PSMA PET excluded oligometastatic disease in 11 (8%) patients who had suspicious oligometastatic disease based on a single conventional imaging modality. These 68Ga‐PSMA PET findings impacted on management in at least 24 (18%) patients.ConclusionThe use of 68Ga‐PSMA PET scans in initial staging can have a significant impact on staging and management when compared to current conventional imaging modalities.
Video‐assisted thoracic surgery is an optimal alternative to conventional thoracotomy for reoperations for ipsilateral pulmonary lesions
Authors: Chen Donglai , Mao Rui , Kadeer Xiermaimaiti , Sun Weiyan , Zhu Erjia , Peng Qiao , Chen Chang 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundIpsilateral pulmonary reoperation is empirically considered a contraindication of video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) because of intrapleural adhesion and the destruction of anatomical structures caused by previous surgery. The purpose of this study was to present our experience of the use of VATS for ipsilateral reoperations.MethodsThe medical records of patients who underwent VATS reoperation or re‐thoracotomy between January 2006 and March 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were compared to assess the feasibility and safety of VATS for ipsilateral reoperations.ResultsThe study enrolled 64 patients, including 36 patients who underwent attempted ipsilateral VATS reoperations (VATS group) and 28 who underwent conventional re‐thoracotomy as a control with clinicopathological characteristics similar to those in the VATS group. Intrapleural severe adhesions were detected in 28 (77.8%) and 22 (78.6%) patients in the VATS and re‐thoracotomy groups, respectively (P = 0.906), and their dissection required a longer period in the VATS group (P = 0.014). VATS reoperations were converted to re‐thoracotomy or video‐assisted mini re‐thoracotomy in three patients because of bleeding or difficulty in dissecting hilar structures. There were no significant differences in resection methods, time to reoperation, intraoperative blood loss, or drainage time between the two groups. However, patients in the VATS group had a shorter hospital stay (P < 0.01) and fewer complications (P = 0.042).ConclusionVATS is an optimal alternative to re‐thoracotomy for ipsilateral pulmonary lesions, regardless of intrapleural adhesions and the destruction of anatomical structures caused by former operations in selected patients.
Polymorphisms in selected genes and analysis of their relationship with osteochondrosis in Polish sport horse breeds
Authors: Wypchło M. , Korwin‐Kossakowska A. , Bereznowski A. , Hecold M. , Lewczuk D. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe aim of this research was to evaluate the polymorphisms of selected genes and to find their potential effect on the occurrence of osteochondrosis in Polish Warmbloods (sport horse breeds). The study was conducted on a group of 198 horses subjected to official performance tests. Investigated joints—fetlock, hock and stifle—were X‐rayed twice, once before and again at the end of the tests (first and second examination), and on this basis the degree of disease was evaluated. Based on the results of previous research, 13 candidate genes potentially associated with the occurrence of osteochondrosis were selected and, among them, 32 polymorphisms were tested. Seven SNPs located in the MATN1, CPVL, HYAL1, XIRP2, FRZB, COL5A2 and IGF1 genes were found to be associated with occurrence of osteochondrotic lesions in different joints. These intragenic polymorphisms seem to provide valuable information about the genetic basis of osteochondrosis in sport horse breeds.
PRIVATIZATION OF WATER: EVALUATING ITS PERFORMANCE IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD
Authors: CESAR Sylvia 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPrivate‐sector provision of water has been promoted in developing countries since 1990 in order to expand water service coverage to low‐income households. Decades later, the consequences of privatizing water utilities are still disputed. Some scholars have found that areas with privatized water services see positive development effects, while others contend that the private‐sector supply of a social good will always lead to its under‐provision. However, does more privatization of water provision in developing countries actually bring about more access to water? This paper hypothesizes that more private participation in water provision will not ensure more access to water at the national level. The relationship is tested using data on weighted percentages of private ownership of water utilities, and access to improved water sources from 1990 to 2015 across 62 countries. Multivariate OLS results indicate a positive relationship but with no statistical significance. 2SLS results, on the other hand, indicate a positive, small and statistically significant effect of water privatization on water access. Nonetheless, the causal mechanism behind these results must be further explored, given that the measured effect could be capturing the result of an increase in investment that is associated with private ownership of water utilities.
Unicystic high‐grade intraductal carcinoma of the parotid gland: cytological and histological description with clinic–pathologic review of the literature
Authors: Palicelli Andrea , Barbieri Paola , Mariani Narciso , Re Paola , Galla Stefania , Sorrentino Raffaele , Locatelli Francesca , Salfi Nunzio , Valente Guido 
Published: August 2018

Intraductal carcinoma of the salivary glands is a rare, not well‐characterized tumor. We reviewed the literature and report the first case of a high‐grade unicystic intraductal carcinoma of the parotid. Formalin‐fixed/paraffin‐embedded blocks were sectioned and stained for hematoxylin and eosin and immunostains (CAM5.2, EMA, CK5, p53, p63, SMA, S100 protein, DOG1, mammaglobin, AR, ER, PR, Her‐2, and Ki67). A 72‐year‐old man showed a painless nodule (2 cm) in the right parotid region. A ‘tumor of uncertain malignant potential’ (low grade) was diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well‐delimited, oval cyst without evidence of parenchymal invasion (T1‐scans: homogeneously isointense with hypointense thin peripheral ring; T2‐scans: strongly hyperintense). Histological examination confirmed a unilocular cyst lined by a multistratified epithelium arranged in solid, pseudopapillary, cribriform, and ‘incomplete cribriform/microcystic’ patterns. Tumor cells were CAM5.2+, EMA+, mammaglobin+, AR+, p63+ (focal), CK5+ (focal), p53 (+, 20%), ER‐, PR‐, S100 protein‐, DOG1‐, and Her‐2‐. A continuous peripheral layer of p63+/CK5+/SMA+ myoepithelial cells proved the ‘in situ’ nature of the tumor. The evidence of focal severe nuclear atypia, high mitotic index (12 mitoses/10HPFs), and high proliferation index (40%) favored a high‐grade intraductal carcinoma. Preoperative FNAC and clinic–pathologic correlation are very helpful. Discrepancy in dysplasia grade between FNAC and resected specimen can occasionally occur (especially in case of focal high‐grade features). Total sampling should exclude invasive areas or other cystic malignancies.
Informal digital learning of English and English as an international language: The path less traveled
Authors: Lee Ju Seong , Lee Kilryoung 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis exploratory study aimed to identify a model that explains the relationship between Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) practice and English as an International Language (EIL) perception. The hypothesized model—students’ engagement in IDLE practice will be significantly and positively related to their perception of EIL—was tested using a survey with 317 Korean EFL (English as a Foreign Language) university students. The results of Structural Equation Modeling showed a strong, significant and positive relationship between IDLE activities in which EFL learners engage and their EIL perception. Practically, these findings help broaden the scope of conventional EIL intervention beyond the classroom as a complementary EIL pedagogical model. From a theoretical perspective, this study represents a conceptual advance in our understanding of IDLE by adding a new insight to the current literature. This study also makes a contribution toward bridging an interdisciplinary divide between EIL and IDLE.
Understanding the tumour micro‐environment communication network from an NOS2/COX2 perspective
Authors: Basudhar Debashree , Bharadwaj Gaurav , Somasundaram Veena , Cheng Robert Y S , Ridnour Lisa A , Fujita Mayumi , Lockett Stephen J , Anderson Stephen K , McVicar Daniel W , Wink David A 
Published: August 2018

Recent findings suggest that co‐expression of NOS2 and COX2 is a strong prognostic indicator in triple‐negative breast cancer patients. These two key inflammation‐associated enzymes are responsible for the biosynthesis of NO and PGE2, respectively, and can exert their effect in both an autocrine and paracrine manner. Impairment of their physiological regulation leads to critical changes in both intra‐tumoural and intercellular communication with the immune system and their adaptation to the hypoxic tumour micro‐environment. Recent studies have also established a key role of NOS2–COX2 in causing metabolic shift. This review provides an extensive overview of the role of NO and PGE2 in shaping communication between the tumour micro‐environment composed of tumour and immune cells that in turn favours tumour progression and metastasis.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor works as a scar formation inhibitor by down‐regulating Smad and TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) pathways in mice
Authors: Tan Wei‐Qiang , Fang Qing‐Qing , Shen Xiao Z , Giani Jorge F , Zhao Tuantuan V , Shi Peng , Zhang Li‐Yun , Khan Zakir , Li You , Li Liang , Xu Ji‐Hua , Bernstein Ellen A , Bernstein Kenneth E 
Published: August 2018

Background and PurposeAngiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), an important part of the renin‐angiotensin system, is implicated in stimulating the fibrotic processes in the heart, lung, liver and kidney, while an ACE inhibitor (ACEI) promotes physiological tissue repair in these organs. The mechanism is closely related to TGF‐β1 pathways. However, the reported effects of applying ACEIs during scar formation are unclear. Hence, we explored the anti‐fibrotic effects of an ACEI and the molecular mechanisms involved in a mouse scar model.Experimental ApproachAfter a full‐thickness skin wound operation, ACE wild‐type mice were randomly assigned to receive either ramipril, losartan or hydralazine p.o. ACE knockout (KO) mice and negative control mice only received vehicle (water). Wound/scar widths during wound healing and histological examinations were recorded at the final day. The ability of ACEI to reduce fibrosis via TGF‐β1 signalling was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.Key ResultsACE KO mice and mice that received ramipril showed narrower wound/scar width, reduced fibroblast proliferation, decreased collagen and TGF‐β1 expression. ACEI attenuated the phosphorylation of small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad2/3) and TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) both in vitro and in vivo. The expression of ACE‐related peptides varied in murine models with different drug treatments.Conclusions and ImplicationsACEI showed anti‐fibrotic properties in scar formation by mediating downstream peptides to suppress TGF‐β1/Smad and TGF‐β1/TAK1 pathways. These findings suggest that dual inhibition of Smad and TAK1 signalling by ACEI is a useful strategy for the development of new anti‐fibrotic agents.
Current state and future prospects of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: a review
Authors: Hogarty Daniel T , Mackey David A , Hewitt Alex W 
Published: August 2018

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a major frontier in computer science research. Although AI has broad application across many medical fields, it will have particular utility in ophthalmology and will dramatically change the diagnostic and treatment pathways for many eye conditions such as corneal ectasias, glaucoma, age‐related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. However, given that AI has primarily been driven as a computer science, its concepts and terminology are unfamiliar to many medical professionals. Important key terms such as machine learning and deep learning are often misunderstood and incorrectly used interchangeably. This article presents an overview of AI and new developments relevant to ophthalmology.
The psychological appeal of owning private land for conservation
Authors: Gooden Jennifer , Grenyer Richard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractContinued threats to global biodiversity have stimulated interest in the private purchase of land for conservation. Though not a new phenomenon, private land conservation appears to be on the rise, and its ambiguous position between philanthropy and financial investment leads to questions about the nature of landowner motives. To examine these motives, we used grounded theory techniques to analyze transcripts of narrative interviews with the owners of privately conserved areas (PCAs) and assessed what landowners had in common across a variety of cultural and policy contexts. The result was a model of PCA engagement in which landowners became personally invested in the management of PCAs and in the nature they protected. We found that PCAs can be conceptualized not merely as philanthropic endeavors or investments, but also as meaningful projects in which their owners engage. We integrated our findings with literature indicating that fundamental psychological drives for autonomy, efficacy, and social connection facilitate the engagement process, regardless of whether conservation motivation is intrinsic or extrinsic. Our findings suggest that land conservation programs might benefit from allowing landowner autonomy to the maximum extent possible, developing best practice standards against which landowners can assess their efficacy, and facilitating the development of landowner networks.
The ontogeny of intentional communication in chimpanzees in the wild
Authors: Fröhlich Marlen , Wittig Roman M. , Pika Simone 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe onset of intentional communication in children's first year of life represents a major milestone in human cognitive development. Similarly, it is well established that our closest living relatives, the great apes, communicate with signals characterized by at least first‐order intentionality. Despite the well‐documented influence of developmental experiences on socio‐cognitive abilities in apes, the developmental trajectory of intentional signal use as well as effects of social exposure remain poorly understood under naturalistic conditions. Here, we addressed these issues by studying the ontogeny of intentional communication in chimpanzee infants of two subspecies (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii/verus) and communities living in their natural environments. Overall, we found that gestures and bimodal signal combinations were most commonly accompanied by markers of intentional communication: audience checking, persistence to the goal, and sensitivity to recipient’s attentional state. Within individuals, the proportion of communicative behaviours associated with goal persistence and sensitivity to attention increased with age. Cross‐sectional comparisons between infants revealed an age effect on the use of audience checking. Context, interaction partner and site affiliation affected the production of specific markers irrespective of infants' age. The present study provided hitherto undocumented evidence for the development of three important markers of intentional communication in great apes. Moreover, our results suggest that social exposure impacts early intentional signal use.