bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMBERIAN BISKUIT BERBASIS BAHAN PANGAN LOKAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN BERAT BADAN DAN LiLA IBU HAMIL KEK
Authors: Putri Rosa Hadiana , Candradewi AASP , Sofiyatin Reni , Darawati Made 
Published: January 2019

Masa kehamilan merupakan masa penentu kualitas generasi berikutnya. Ibu hamil dengan kondisi Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) memiliki resiko melahirkan bayi BBLR. Mengingat dampak kurang gizi yang sangat luas, maka perlu upaya penanggulangan KEK melalui penyelenggaraan Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian biskuit berbasis bahan pangan lokal untuk meningkatkan berat badan dan Lingkar Lengan Atas (LiLA) ibu hamil KEK. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Pra Eksperimen dengan design penelitian The One Group Pre-test post-test. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian sebanyak 7 ibu hamil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan konsumsi energi sebanyak 505,27 ± 273,80 kkal. Terjadi peningkatan berat badan 7.03±2.10 kg dan LiLA 1.55±0.45 cm. Ada perbedaan berat badan dan LiLA ibu hamil KEK setelah diberikan biskuit (p<0,05).
A Near-infrared View of Nearby Galaxies: The Case of NGC 6300
Authors: Gaspar G. , Díaz R. J. , Mast D. , D’Ambra A. , Agüero M. P. , Günthardt G. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present a near-infrared study of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 6300, based on subarcsecond images and long slit spectroscopy obtained with Flamingos-2 at Gemini South. We have found that the peak of the nuclear continuum emission in the K

s
band and the surrounding nuclear disk are 25 pc off-center with respect to the center of symmetry of the larger scale circumnuclear disk, suggesting that this black hole is still not fixed in the galaxy potential well. The molecular gas radial velocity curve yields a central black hole upper mass estimation of

. The Paβ emission line has a strongly asymmetric profile with a blueshifted broad component that we associate with a nuclear ionized gas outflow. We have found in the K

s
-band spectra that the slope of the continuum becomes steeper with increasing radii, which can be explained as the presence of large amounts of hot dust not only in the nucleus but also in the circumnuclear region up to r = 27 pc. In fact, the nuclear red excess obtained after subtracting the stellar contribution resembles to that of a blackbody with temperatures around 1200 K. This evidence supports the idea that absorbing material located around the nucleus, but not close enough to be the torus of the unified model, could be responsible for at least part of the nuclear obscuration in this Seyfert 2 nucleus.
The Solar Photospheric Continuum Brightness as a Function of Mean Magnetic Flux Density. I. The Role of the Magnetic Structure Size Distribution
Authors: Peck C. L. , Rast M. P. , Criscuoli S. , Rempel M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Solar irradiance models indicate that irradiance variations are dominated by changes in the disk-coverage of magnetic structures, whose brightness is thought to be determined by their size and average magnetic flux density. Recent results suggest that the brightness of small-scale magnetic structures also depends on the mean magnetic flux of the extended region surrounding them due to reduced convective vigor. Low spatial resolution, however, may limit the ability to distinguish the role of magnetic structure size distributions from that of the mean magnetic flux. Using high-resolution 3D MHD simulations, we investigate the brightness of magnetic structures embedded in regions characterized by different mean magnetic flux. In agreement with previous results, we find reduced brightness with increasing mean magnetic flux when comparing the pixel-by-pixel continuum brightness versus magnetic field strength. Evaluating equivalently sized magnetic structures, however, we find no significant dependence of the magnetic structure brightness on the mean magnetic flux of the region in which they are embedded. Rather, we find that simulations with larger mean magnetic flux generate larger, and therefore darker, magnetic structures whose contributions result in an overall darkening of the region. The differences in magnetic structure size distributions alone can explain the reduced brightness of regions with larger mean magnetic flux. This implies that, for the range of mean magnetic flux of the simulations, convective suppression plays at most a secondary role in determining radiative output of magnetized regions. Quantifying the role of convective transport over a wider range of mean magnetic flux is the subject of the second paper in this series.
Chemical Abundances in the Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies Grus I and Triangulum II: Neutron-capture Elements as a Defining Feature of the Faintest Dwarfs*
Authors: Ji Alexander P. , Simon Joshua D. , Frebel Anna , Venn Kim A. , Hansen Terese T. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present high-resolution spectroscopy of four stars in two candidate ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs), Grus I (Gru I) and Triangulum II (Tri II). Neither object currently has a clearly determined velocity dispersion, placing them in an ambiguous region of parameter space between dwarf galaxies and globular clusters (GCs). No significant metallicity difference is found for the two Gru I stars, but both stars are deficient in neutron-capture elements. We verify previous results that Tri II displays significant spreads in metallicity and [α/Fe]. Neutron-capture elements are not detected in our Tri II data, but we place upper limits at the lower envelope of Galactic halo stars, consistent with previous very low detections. Stars with similarly low neutron-capture element abundances are common in UFDs but rare in other environments. This signature of low neutron-capture element abundances traces chemical enrichment in the least massive star-forming dark matter halos and further shows that the dominant sources of neutron-capture elements in metal-poor stars are rare. In contrast, all known GCs have similar ratios of neutron-capture elements to those of halo stars, suggesting that GCs do not form at the centers of their own dark matter halos. The low neutron-capture element abundances may be the strongest evidence that Gru I and Tri II are (or once were) galaxies rather than GCs, and we expect future observations of these systems to robustly find nonzero velocity dispersions or signs of tidal disruption. However, the nucleosynthetic origin of this low neutron-capture element floor remains unknown.
Laser Refractive Surgery in a Patient With a Prepapillary Arterial Loop
Authors: Maldonado Miguel J. , Corcóstegui Iñigo , García-Layana Alfredo , Salinas-Alaman Angel , Rutzen Allan R. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To present a patient with a prepapillary vascular loop, a congenital anomaly that has been associated with vitreous hemorrhage and retinal vascular occlusion, who underwent refractive surgery.

Methods:
A 45-year-old man with 2.00 diopters (D) of myopia and a unilateral prepapillary arterial loop presented with an interest in LASIK. After consideration of the theoretical risks of LASIK, the patient underwent photorefractive keratectomy with manual de-epithelialization and a scanning spot excimer laser.

Results:
Postoperatively, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20, visual field testing was normal, and no complications occurred. Follow-up was 4 years.

Conclusions:

Surface ablation was a safe method in a low myopic patient with a prepapillary vascular loop. This case emphasizes the importance of a thorough vitreoretinal examination in laser refractive candidates. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:49–51.]
Photorefractive Keratectomy With 0.02% Mitomycin C for Treatment of Residual Refractive Errors After LASIK
Authors: Srinivasan Sathish , Drake Antony , Herzig Sheldon 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic mitomycin C (MMC) during photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) over LASIK flaps for the treatment of residual refractive errors following LASIK.

Methods:
In this single center, retrospective clinical study, 30 eyes of 33 patients (mean age 37.2 years) who had MMC (0.02%, 30 to 120 seconds) during PRK for the treatment of residual refractive errors following myopic LASIK were evaluated. The retreatment procedures were performed with a VISX S4 laser with iris registration. All patients underwent slit-lamp microscopy, manifest and cycloplegic refraction, corneal topography, pachymetry, pupillometry, and wavefront analysis pre- and postoperatively. All patients underwent follow-up at 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, and 6 months and thereafter as required.

Results:
Mean time between LASIK and PRK retreatment was 67.3 months (range: 7 to 113 months). No intra- or postoperative complications occurred during primary LASIK or PRK retreatment. Mean spherical equivalent refraction of attempted correction with PRK was −0.94 diopters (D) (range: −2.38 to +0.75 D). At mean 7.1-month follow-up, the average uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) improved from 20/50 (range: 20/30 to 20/200) to 20/28 (range: 20/15 to 20/70). Twenty-seven of 30 eyes showed improvement in UCVA. Two eyes had subjective improvement of glare symptoms (and objective improvement in higher order aberrations), and one eye lost one line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity due to unrelated corneal abrasion in the postoperative period. None of the eyes in the cohort developed postoperative haze.

Conclusions:

Photorefractive keratectomy with prophylactic MMC (0.02%) is a safe and effective option for treating myopic regression following LASIK. A single intraoperative application of 0.02% MMC for as few as 30 seconds was effective in preventing postoperative haze formation. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:S64–S67.]
Comparison of Standard (0.02%) and Low Dose (0.002%) Mitomycin C in the Prevention of Corneal Haze Following Surface Ablation for Myopia
Authors: Thornton Ivey , Xu Meng , Krueger Ronald R. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To retrospectively compare the safety and efficacy of lower dose mitomycin C (MMC) (0.002%) to that of the standard dose (0.02%) in eyes treated with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia.

Methods:
The clinical efficacy of 95 eyes receiving myopic PRK with a standard concentration of MMC (0.02%) is sequentially compared to 126 eyes receiving low dose MMC (0.002%). The topical exposure times for MMC varied between 30 seconds and 2 minutes in both groups, and direct contralateral eye comparison of these two exposure times was analyzed in a prospective subset of 39 patients from among the low dose group. Patients were examined preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6–9, and 9–12 months. Haze, visual acuity, and efficacy ratio outcomes were analyzed

Results:

The preoperative findings were overall statistically similar, except for higher spherical equivalent refractive error (
P
=.007) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (
P
=.007) in the standard MMC group. Postoperatively, haze levels ranged from 0 to 4+. With multivariable analysis, significantly less haze was noted among the standard dose MMC eyes for high myopia and higher ablation depth at all postoperative time points. In contrast, the haze levels were statistically similar for moderate myopia and lower ablation depths at the latter postoperative time points. The subset of contralateral eyes randomly receiving low dose MMC (0.002%) at either 30 seconds or 2 minutes exposure showed no significant difference in haze between these exposure times.

Conclusions:

The standard concentration of topical MMC (0.02%) is more effective than low dose MMC (0.002%) in preventing postoperative haze following surface ablation for myopia ⩾−6.00 D and deeper ablation depth ⩾75
µ
m. However, for moderate myopia and shallow depth, low dosing appears to be equally effective. The duration of MMC exposure appears to be less important than its concentration. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:S68–S76.]
Wavefront-guided Excimer Laser Ablation Using Photorefractive Keratectomy and Sub-Bowman's Keratomileusis:A Contralateral Eye Study
Authors: Durrie Daniel S. , Slade Stephen G. , Marshall John 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To explain the basic science and clinical evidence that has led to the development of a new technique in corneal refractive surgery—sub-Bowman's keratomileusis (SBK).

Methods:
A comprehensive review of the literature and report of a contralateral eye study of 50 patients (100 eyes) enrolled at 2 sites (25 patients per site) and randomized according to the dominant eye was conducted. All eyes underwent a wavefront-guided refractive correction using the Alcon LADARVision4000 System. In one eye, an 8.5-mm, ETOH-assisted photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was performed. In the second eye, an 8.5-mm, 100-µm flap was attempted using a 60 kHz IntraLase FS femtosecond laser. Pre- and postoperative tests included best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, uncorrected visual acuity, corneal topography, wavefront aberrometry, retinal image quality, contrast sensitivity, and biomechanical response of the cornea. Patients completed subjective questionnaires at each follow-up.

Results:
Clinical results demonstrate that SBK provides quicker visual recovery, although the data suggest that the 3- and 6-months results are similar in terms of visual outcomes. Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer results demonstrate that its impact on the cornea is similar to PRK.

Conclusions:

This study indicates that SBK provides the visual recovery of a LASIK procedure with the Optical Response Analyzer results similar to PRK. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:S77–S84.]
Depth-dependent Cohesive Tensile Strength in Human Donor Corneas: Implications for Refractive Surgery
Authors: Randleman J. Bradley , Dawson Daniel G. , Grossniklaus Hans E. , McCarey Bernard E. , Edelhauser Henry F. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To determine the cohesive tensile strength throughout the stroma of normal human donor corneas and evaluate the relevance of these findings within the context of current excimer laser surgical techniques.

Methods:
Twenty normal corneoscleral buttons from 11 donors were obtained from the Georgia Eye Bank. The corneas were cut into 3-mm strips, dissected at varying stromal depths, mechanically separated through the dissection plane using a motorized extensometer, and measured for cohesive tensile strength. Central corneal thickness and dissection depth were measured by routine light microscopy and correlated with cohesive tensile strength measurements.

Results:

A strong negative correlation was noted between stromal depth and cohesive tensile strength (r=−0.93). The anterior corneal stroma directly adjacent to Bowman's layer followed by the underlying anterior 40% of the corneal stroma had the highest cohesive tensile strength. Cohesive tensile strength plateaued from 40% to 90% corneal stromal depth and then declined rapidly from the posterior 10% of the stroma to Descemet's membrane. The anterior 40% of the corneal stroma had significantly higher cohesive tensile strength than the posterior 60% (33.3 g/mm vs 19.6 g/mm,
P
<.00001). Within the central 40% to 60% depth, a positive correlation was found between increased age and increased tensile strength (r=0.67), with corneal tensile strength increasing 38% from ages 20 to 78 years.

Conclusions:

The anterior 40% of the central corneal stroma is the strongest region of the cornea, whereas the posterior 60% of the stroma is at least 50% weaker. The risk for ectasia may therefore be greater with ablations into the posterior stroma. Increasing age is associated with increased corneal cohesive tensile strength. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:S85–S89.]
A Functional Idiotype/Anti-Idiotype Network Is Active in Genetically Gluten-Intolerant Individuals Negative for Both Celiac Disease–Related Intestinal Damage and Serum Autoantibodies
Authors: Quaglia Sara , Ferrara Fortunato , De Leo Luigina , Ziberna Fabiana , Vatta Serena , Marchiò Serena , Sblattero Daniele , Ventura Alessandro , Not Tarcisio 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
An unbalance between Abs that recognize an autoantigen (idiotypes; IDs) and Igs that bind such Abs (anti-IDs) is considered a functional event in autoimmune disorders. We investigated the presence of an ID/anti-ID network in celiac disease (CD), a condition in which antitissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) Abs are suspected to contribute to CD pathogenesis. To characterize the ID side, we reproduced by in vitro yeast display the intestine-resident Abs from CD and control patients. These TG2-specific IDs were used to identify potential anti-IDs in the serum. We observed elevated titers of anti-IDs in asymptomatic patients with predisposition to CD and demonstrated that anti-ID depletion from the serum restores a detectable humoral response against TG2. Our study provides an alternative approach to quantify CD-related autoantibodies in cases that would be defined “negative serology” with current diagnostic applications. Therefore, we suggest that developments of this technology could be designed for perspective routine tests.
C1s Inhibition by BIVV009 (Sutimlimab) Prevents Complement-Enhanced Activation of Autoimmune Human B Cells In Vitro
Authors: Nikitin Pavel A. , Rose Eileen L. , Byun Tony S. , Parry Graham C. , Panicker Sandip 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The classical pathway of complement (CP) can mediate C3 opsonization of Ags responsible for the costimulation and activation of cognate B lymphocytes. In this manner, the complement system acts as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems critical for establishing a humoral response. However, aberrant complement activation is often observed in autoimmune diseases in which C3 deposition on self-antigens may serve to activate self-reactive B cell clones. In this study, we use BIVV009 (Sutimlimab), a clinical stage, humanized mAb that specifically inhibits the CP-specific serine protease C1s to evaluate the impact of upstream CP antagonism on activation and proliferation of normal and autoimmune human B cells. We report that BIVV009 significantly inhibited complement-mediated activation and proliferation of primary human B cells. Strikingly, CP antagonism suppressed human Ig–induced activation of B cells derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These results suggest that clinical use of CP inhibitors in autoimmune patients may not only block complement-mediated tissue damage, but may also prevent the long-term activation of autoimmune B cells and the production of autoantibodies that contribute to the underlying pathologic condition of these diseases.
Leishmania donovaniInduces Autophagy in Human Blood–Derived Neutrophils
Authors: Pitale Durgesh Manohar , Gendalur Neelaram Sahadev , Descoteaux Albert , Shaha Chandrima 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNeutrophils, the essential components of the innate immune system, are recruited in large numbers to the pathogen site of entry. Several pathogens induce neutrophil autophagy; however, function of autophagic events during Leishmania parasite infection remain unknown. In this article, we report a finding that is new, to our knowledge, of how Leishmania-induced human polymorphonuclear neutrophil (hPMN) autophagy regulates the silent mode of parasite transfer to macrophages by influencing the engulfment of infected cells. Leishmania infection induced a time-dependent autophagy increase responsive to block by 3-methyladenine but sensitive to ULK1/2 inhibition only after 3 h. This suggested the prevalence of canonical autophagy during later hours, ULK1/2 inhibition being able to block only canonical autophagy. Interaction of Rubicon and Beclin-1 at 1 h postinfection affirmed the prevalence of noncanonical autophagy during early infection. There was a reduction in macrophage uptake of parasite-exposed hPMNs treated with 3-methyladenine or ULK1/2 inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of both noncanonical and canonical autophagy in neutrophil engulfment. Autophagy inducer rapamycin augmented neutrophil engulfment by macrophages. Redistribution of hPMN surface CD47 encouraged neutrophil uptake. Activation of ERK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and NADPH oxidase–mediated reactive oxygen species generation were induced after parasite binding. The lpg1-knockout parasites expressing defective lipophosphoglycan did not induce autophagy, indicating that lipophosphoglycan is necessary for interaction with the neutrophils. Autophagy induction was TLR2/4 independent because the receptor blockade did not interfere with infection-induced autophagy. In summary, the engulfment of neutrophils by the macrophages was influenced by the escalation of hPMN autophagy, which is an important event during Leishmania infection.
Jugadores, escritores e influencers en redes sociales: procesos de profesionalización entre adolescentes
Authors: Establés María-José , Guerrero-Pico Mar , Contreras-Espinosa Ruth S 
Published: January 2019

Introducción. La evolución de la industria mediática ha precipitado profundos cambios en la forma en que los adolescentes desarrollan sus competencias y acceden a la producción transmedia. En concreto, nos centraremos en la aparición de una zona gris donde los hobbys mediáticos devienen en oportunidades de profesionalización para los jóvenes, y en oportunidades de beneficio económico para las industrias. Metodología. El enfoque metodológico que se ha llevado a cabo se ha realizado desde una perspectiva mixta de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Se han integrado técnicas de recolección y análisis de datos de corte etnográfico, estadístico y textual. Resultados. Se detectan tres ámbitos de profesionalización: videojuegos, escritura creativa y redes sociales con sus propias dinámicas con respecto al género de los adolescentes y los recursos y plataformas utilizados. Discusión y Conclusiones. Los adolescentes que emprenden procesos de profesionalización son una minoría y, dentro de este grupo, es fundamental fortalecer las competencias que les permitan comprender en qué medida su trabajo beneficia económicamente a las compañías de comunicación.