bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal Cortisol Dynamics, Perceived Stress, and Language Production in Aphasia
Authors: Laures-Gore Jacqueline , Cahana-Amitay Dalia , Buchanan Tony W. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The current study investigated diurnal cortisol dynamics in adults with and without aphasia, along with subjective reports of stress and measures of language production. Dysregulation of cortisol, a common biomarker of stress, is associated with cognitive dysfunction in different clinical populations. However, little is known about the consequences of stress-induced cortisol disturbances for stroke survivors, including those with aphasia.

Method
Nineteen participants with aphasia and 14 age-matched neurotypical adults were tested. Saliva samples were collected from participants to assess the cortisol awakening response, a marker of the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Participants also completed 2 subjective stress questionnaires. Language was evaluated using 3 short, picture description narratives, analyzed for discourse (dys)fluency and productivity markers.

Results
In contrast to neurotypical participants, adults with aphasia did not show the predictable cortisol awakening response. Participants with aphasia also showed an unusual heightened level of cortisol upon awakening. Additionally, neurotypical participants demonstrated an association between intact language performance and the cortisol awakening response, whereas the participants with aphasia did not, although they did perceive the language tasks as stressful.

Conclusion
This study indicates that the functionality of the HPA axis, as indexed by cortisol, contributes to optimal language performance in healthy adults. The absence of an awakening response among participants with aphasia suggests that stroke leads to dysregulation of the HPA axis, although the degree to which this impairment affects language deficits in this population requires further investigation.
Readability of Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Part B Procedural Safeguards: An Update
Authors: Gray Sara A. , Zraick Richard I. , Atcherson Samuel R. 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze the readability of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Part B procedural safeguard documents, as distributed by each of the 50 U.S. states. Results were compared to the 5th- to 6th-grade readability guideline for documents recommended by experts in health literacy and health communication.MethodA commercially available readability software, Readability Studio (Oleander Software, 2009), was used to assess document readability. Text-based files of each IDEA Part B procedural safeguard document were analyzed using four readability formulas: Flesch-Kincaid (Flesch, 1965), Gunning fog index (Gunning, 1952), Flesch Reading Ease (Flesch, 1948), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (McLaughlin, 1969).ResultsNo procedural safeguard document scored below an 11th-grade reading level. Seventy-four percent of these documents were found to be written at a graduate reading level—meaning these documents are written for a reader who is currently enrolled in a master's degree or higher education program.ConclusionIn an effort to decrease barriers to parent participation in the Individualized Education Planning process, those who administer IDEA Part B procedural safeguards should be sensitive to the potential mismatch between the literacy skills of the parent/guardian and the literacy skills needed to comprehend these documents. Developers of IDEA Part B procedural safeguards should account for estimated literacy skills of the general public as ongoing revisions to these safeguards are made.
SUGAR (Sampling Utterances and Grammatical Analysis Revised): Breaking Tradition
Authors: Pavelko Stacey L. , Owens Robert E. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose

In this letter, the authors respond to
Guo, Eisenberg, Ratner, and MacWhinney's (2018)
letter to the editor, which expressed concerns regarding the clinical applicability of the Sampling Utterances and Grammatical Analysis Revised (SUGAR;
Pavelko & Owens, 2017
) language sample analysis (LSA) method.

Method
The authors respond to concerns regarding transcription and morpheme segmentation and language sample elicitation contexts. The results of two published research studies are described, which detail the impact of this new LSA method.

Results
Published research studies have documented that the SUGAR method of LSA can accurately distinguish between children developing language typically and children with language impairment and can also aid clinicians in developing intervention goals.

Conclusion
SUGAR is a clinically applicable method of LSA that clinicians can use as one part of a comprehensive evaluation to efficiently and accurately identify children with language impairment. Further, clinicians can complete subanalysis of a language sample to identify appropriate therapy targets.
Iron loss and start‐up ability of a 6/2 switched reluctance machine with different magnetic polarity of windings
Authors: Cui Xiupeng , Sun Jianbo , Gu Chenglin 
Published: April 2019

This study presents an investigation on iron loss and start‐up ability of a 1.5 kW output power with rated speed 5850 r/min 6/2 switched reluctance machine (SRM), which is used as a prime motor to directly drive centrifugal blower. Two winding connection types of the SRM are investigated, including the symmetrical magnetic topology (SyMT) and asymmetrical magnetic topology (ASyMT). The two types are proposed to settle poor self‐start ability of the 6/2 SRM and high iron loss density of high‐speed SRM. According to the simulation results, the SyMT has merit of self‐start ability, i.e. no risk of start‐up failure, whereas the ASyMT has advantage of low iron loss, i.e. low iron loss density on stator and rotor. Prototypes are manufactured to confirm and verify the predicted results and the test results prove the correctness of the analyses.
Analysis and design of a pulse‐closing vacuum switch for catenary fault detection
Authors: Zhang Mingzhi , Wang Yi , Wen Huabin , Li Peng , Wang Shuti 
Published: April 2019

This study presents a novel pulse‐closing vacuum switch (PCVS) that is used for catenary fault detection and location. First, as the application background of PCVS, the principle theory of the fault detection and locating system is briefly introduced. Then, the PCVS is analysed and designed based on the detailed analysis of its working process and principle. To validate the performance of the designed PCVS, the multi‐physical domain co‐simulation numerical model is implemented using the ANSYS Maxwell and ANSYS Simplorer. Finally, a PCVS prototype is developed with permanent magnet closing and repulsive force opening to verify the simulation results. The simulations and experiments both approve that the contact time between the moveable contact and static contact can be controlled to be <6 ms. This meets the pulse‐closing technology requirement for the fault detection and locating system.
Out‐of‐the‐loop crash prediction: the automation expectation mismatch (AEM) algorithm
Authors: Tivesten Emma , Victor Trent W. , Gustavsson Pär , Johansson Joel , Ljung Aust Mikael 
Published: April 2019

This study uses behavioural data from the complete drive for a subset of 54 participants from the automation expectation mismatch set of test track experiments and aims to develop an algorithm that can predict which drivers are likely to crash. Participants experienced 30 min of highly reliable supervised automation and were required to intervene to avoid crashing with a stationary object at the end of the drive. Many of them still crashed, despite having their eyes on the conflict object. They were informed about their role as supervisors, automation limitations, and received attention reminders if visually distracted. Three pre‐conflict behavioural patterns were found to be associated with increased risk of crash involvement: low levels of visual attention to the forward path, high per cent road centre (i.e. gaze concentration), and long visual response times to attention reminders. One algorithm showed very high performance in classifying crashers when combining metrics related to all three behaviours. This algorithm is possible to implement as a real‐time function in eye‐tracker equipped vehicles. The algorithm can detect drivers that are not sufficiently engaged in the driving task, and provide feedback (e.g. reduce function performance, turn off function) to increase their engagement.
The evolution of coronal mass ejections in the inner heliosphere: Implementing the spheromak model with EUHFORIA
Authors: Verbeke C. , Pomoell J. , Poedts S. 
Published: April 2019

Aims. We introduce a new model for coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that has been implemented in the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) inner heliosphere model EUHFORIA. Utilising a linear force-free spheromak (LFFS) solution, the model provides an intrinsic magnetic field structure for the CME. As a result, the new model has the potential to predict the magnetic components of CMEs at Earth. In this paper, we present the implementation of the new model and show the capability of the new model.
Methods. We present initial validation runs for the new magnetised CME model by considering the same set of events as used in the initial validation run of EUHFORIA that employed the Cone model. In particular, we have focused on modelling the CME that was responsible for creating the largest geomagnetic disturbance (Dst index). Two scenarios are discussed: one where a single magnetised CME is launched and another in which we launch all five Earth-directed CMEs that were observed during the considered time period. Four out of the five CMEs were modelled using the Cone model.
Results. In the first run, where the propagation of a single magnetized CME is considered, we find that the magnetic field components at Earth are well reproduced as compared to in-situ spacecraft data. Considering a virtual spacecraft that is separated approximately seven heliographic degrees from the position of Earth, we note that the centre of the magnetic cloud is missing Earth and a considerably larger magnetic field strength can be found when shifting to that location. For the second run, launching four Cone CMEs and one LFFS CME, we notice that the simulated magnetised CME is arriving at the same time as in the corresponding full Cone model run. We find that to achieve this, the speed of the CME needs to be reduced in order to compensate for the expansion of the CME due to the addition of the magnetic field inside the CME. The reduced initial speed of the CME and the added magnetic field structure give rise to a very similar propagation of the CME with approximately the same arrival time at 1 au. In contrast to the Cone model, however, the magnetised CME is able to predict the magnetic field components at Earth. However, due to the interaction between the Cone model CMEs and the magnetised CME, the magnetic field amplitude is significantly lower than for the run using a single magnetised CME.
Conclusions. We have presented the LFFS model that is able to simulate and predict the magnetic field components and the propagation of magnetised CMEs in the inner heliosphere and at Earth. We note that shifting towards a virtual spacecraft in the neighbourhood of Earth can give rise to much stronger magnetic field components. This gives the option of adding a grid of virtual spacecrafts to give a range of values for the magnetic field components.
Spectroscopic orbits of nearby stars
Authors: Sperauskas J. , Deveikis V. , Tokovinin A. 
Published: April 2019

Aims. We observed stars with variable radial velocities to determine their spectroscopic orbits.
Methods. Velocities are presented of 132 targets taken over a time span reaching 30 years. These were measured with the correlation radial velocity spectrometers (1917 velocities) and the new VUES echelle spectrograph (627 velocities), with a typical accuracy of 0.5 and 0.2 km s−1, respectively.
Results. We derived spectroscopic orbits of 57 stars (including 53 first-time orbits), mostly nearby dwarfs of spectral types K and M, with some being HIPPARCOS astrometric binaries. Their periods range from 2.2 days to 14 years. Comments on individual objects are provided. Many stars belong to hierarchical systems containing three or more components, including 20 new hierarchies resulting from this project. The preliminary orbit of the young star HIP 47110B has a large eccentricity e = 0.47 despite having a short period of 4.4 d; it could still be circularizing.
Conclusions. Our results enrich the data on nearby stars and contribute to a better definition of the multiplicity statistics.
Prelude and premise to the special issue: disruption of homeostasis-induced signaling and crosstalk in the carcinogenesis paradigm “Epistemology of the origin of cancer”
Authors: Brücher Björn L.D.M. , Jamall Ijaz S. 
Published: April 2019

The vast majority of anticancer strategies are symptomatic but in order to achieve some tangible progress, we need to identify the cause(s) of the majority of cancers. There is a kind of zeitgeist that findings in genetics, namely somatic mutations, are reflexively viewed as being causative for carcinogenesis, although some 80% of all cancers are presently termed “sporadic” (i.e., with no proven cause). The observation that one inch of cancerous liver tissue can have more than 100 000 000 mutations and an identical mutation can result in different phenotypes, depending on the environment surrounding that mutation, makes it very unlikely that mutations by themselves are causative of most cancers. 4open debuts its Special Issue series with papers that provide strong evidence that carcinogenesis consists of a 6-step sequence (1) a pathogenic stimulus followed by (2) chronic inflammation from which develops (3) fibrosis with associated remodeling of the extracellular microenvironment, and from these changes a (4) precancerous niche (PCN), a product of fibrosis with remodeling by persistent inflammation develops which triggers the deployment of (5) a chronic stress escape strategy and when this fails to be resolved it results in (6) the normal cell to cancerous cell transition. This Special Issue contains separate papers discussing undervalued ubiquitous proteins, chronic inflammation, eicosanoids, microbiome and morbid obesity, PCN, cell transition, followed by altered signaling induced by Metformin, NF-κB signaling and crosstalk during carcinogenesis, and a brief synopsis. In essence, the available evidence, both in vitro and in vivo, lends credence to the proposition that the majority of cancers occur from a disruption of homeostasis-induced signaling and crosstalk in the carcinogenesis paradigm “Epistemology of the origin of cancer”.
Theranostik von neuroendokrinen Tumoren
Authors: Bodei Lisa , Weber Wolfgang 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungNeuroendokrine Tumore sind eine heterogene Gruppe von Erkrankungen, die häufig spezifische Rezeptoren, Transporter und Enzyme exprimieren, die für die nuklearmedizinische Bildgebung und Therapie eingesetzt werden können. Insbesondere radioaktiv markierte Liganden der Somatostatinrezeptoren haben sich dabei als effektiv erwiesen. Die medikamentöse Therapie von neuroendokrinen Tumoren ist abhängig vom histologischen Differenzierungsgrad und der Tumorlokalisation. Durch randomisierte Studien wurde die Effektivität von Somatostatinanaloga nicht nur für die Behandlung von Symptomen, sondern auch zur Verlangsamung des Tumorwachstums, nachgewiesen. Der mTOR-Inhibitor Everolimus verlangsamt im Vergleich zu Placebo das Wachstum von neuroendokrinen Tumoren der Lunge, des Pankreas und des Gastrointestinaltrakts. Für den Multikinase-Inhibitor Sunitinib, der die tumorinduzierte Angiogenese hemmt, ist die Wirksamkeit nur für neuroendokrine Tumore des Pankreas nachgewiesen. Im Vergleich zu diesen medikamentösen Therapieansätzen kommt es durch die nuklearmedizinische Therapie mit deutlich höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit zu einem Therapieansprechen und einem längeren progressionsfreien Überleben im Vergleich zu Somatostatinanaloga. Dies wurde kürzlich auch durch eine randomisierte Studie bestätigt, die zur Zulassung von 177Lu-DOTA-TATE in Europa und den USA geführt hat. Eine randomisierte Studie, die 177Lu-DOTA-TOC mit Everolimus vergleicht, rekrutiert derzeit Patienten. Ob die Effektivität der nuklearmedizinischen Therapie durch den Einsatz von Somatostatinrezeptor-Antagonisten weiter gesteigert werden kann, wird ebenfalls in prospektiven Studien untersucht. Die Bedeutung von neuroendokrinen Tumoren für die Nuklearmedizin wird deshalb sehr wahrscheinlich weiter zunehmen.
Visfatin Level and The Risk of Hypertension and Cerebrovascular Accident: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yu Pu-liang , Wang Cheng , Li Wei , Zhang Feng-Xiao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHigh blood pressure is related with increased cerebrovascular accident. High visfatin / NAMPT(nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) plasma levels may promote vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and have been evaluated as a marker for identifying stages of essential hypertension. However, its role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is still uncertain. In order to review and meta-analyze observational studies investigating visfatin concentration and the risk for hypertension or CVA, a systematic search of PubMed, ovid EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) until December 07, 2016 was performed. After data extraction and quality assessment, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and STATA 14.0. A total of 1693 adults from 8 studies for hypertension (974 with hypertension) and 1696 adults from 7 CVA studies (957 with CVA) were enrolled in the current meta-analysis. Cochran’s Q-statistic and I2 test were applied to estimate the heterogeneity of the studies. The fixed-effects were used to compute the weighted mean difference in visfatin levels. Plasma visfatin concentration was much higher in hypertension and CVA patients than in healthy individuals. These evidences suggested the association of hypertension and CVA with higher plasma visfatin level.
Middle East and North African Health Informatics Association (MENAHIA): A New Opportunity for the Region
Authors: Alshammari Riyad , Al-Shorbaji Najeeb , Ahmed Zakiuddin , Al-Hamadan Zaid , Alshammari Abdulwahhab , El Hassan Osama , Alhuwail Dari , Al Salmi Salim , Al-Jafar Eiman , Ghazal Hassan 
Published: April 2019

During the 2018 IMIA General Assembly (GA) held on Oct 2018 in Sri Lanka, a new organization, the Middle East and North African Health Informatics Association (MENAHIA) was established as a regional non-governmental organization to promote Health Informatics in the region. Health Informatics activities in applications, education, and research have been growing in the Middle East and North African region for many years. Over the past year, health informatics initiatives within the region focused on the education sector and the workforce. The need to enhance the education delivery and methods is essential in promoting Health Informatics in the region as well as establishing master programs in many countries within the region.This paper provides an overview of the variety of initiatives that are occurring in the region and are endorsed by MENAHIA.
Plant complex type free N-glycans occur in tomato xylem sap
Authors: Tsujimori Yuta , Ogura Mikako , Rahman Md Ziaur , Maeda Megumi , Kimura Yoshinobu 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Free N-glycans (FNGs) are ubiquitous in growing plants. Further, acidic peptide:N-glycanase is believed to be involved in the production of plant complex-type FNGs (PCT-FNGs) during the degradation of dysfunctional glycoproteins. However, the distribution of PCT-FNGs in growing plants has not been analyzed. Here, we report the occurrence of PCT-FNGs in the xylem sap of the stem of the tomato plant.
Abbreviations: RP-HPLC: reversed-phase HPLC; SF-HPLC: size-fractionation HPLC; PA-: pyridylamino; PCT: plant complex type; Hex: hexose; HexNAc: N-acetylhexosamine; Pen: pentose; Deoxyhex: deoxyhexose; Man: D-mannose; GlcNAc: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine; Xyl: D-xylose; Fuc: L-fucose; Lea: Lewis a (Galβ1-3(Fucα1-4)GlcNAc); PCT: plant complex type; M3FX: Manα1-6(Manα1-3)(Xylβ1-2)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc-PA; GN2M3FX: GlcNAcβ1-2Manα1-6(GlcNAcβ1-2Manα1-3)(Xylβ1-2)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc-PA; (Lea)1GN1M3FX: Galβ1-3(Fucα1-4)GlcNAc1-2 Manα1-6(GlcNAcβ1-2Manα1-3)(Xylβ1-2)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc-PA or GlcNAc1-2Manα1-6(Galβ1-3(Fucα1-4)GlcNAc1-2Manα1-3)(Xylβ1-2)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc-PA.
Analysis of metabolites in Japanese alcoholic beverage sake made from the sake riceKoshitanrei
Authors: Ichikawa Eri , Hirata Shougo , Hata Yuko , Yazawa Hisashi , Tamura Hiroyasu , Kaneoke Mitsuoki , Iwashita Kazuhiro , Hirata Dai 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIn sake brewing, the steamed rice is used in two ways, added to sake-mash (as kake-mai) and making koji. The rice is an important determinant for the quality of sake, as the metabolites in sake affect its taste/aroma. The sake rice Koshitanrei (KOS) was developed in Niigata Prefecture by genetically crossing two sake rice, Gohyakumangoku and Yamadanishiki. However, the metabolites in sake from KOS have not been analyzed. Here, to investigate the characteristic metabolites in sake from KOS, we performed two types of small-scale sake-fermentation tests changing only the rice used for kake-mai or total rice (both kake-mai and koji) by these three rice cultivars and examined the effect of KOS on sake metabolites by the metabolome analysis method using UPLC-QTOF-MS. We identified the peaks/metabolites, whose intensity in sake from KOS was higher/lower than those from the other cultivars. The brewing properties of KOS were partially characterized by this analysis.
Single nanowire defined emission properties of ZnO nanowire arrays
Authors: Hollinger Richard , Gupta Dishiti , Zapf Maximilian , Röder Robert , Kartashov Daniil , Ronning Carsten , Spielmann Christian 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We report on stimulated emission from vertically aligned, vapor transport grown, ZnO nanowire arrays, and pumped by three-photon absorption in intense near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. In respect to single nanowires, arrays have the advantage of a higher light absorption and emission rate. The intensity and bandwidth of the emitted ultraviolet radiation as a function of the pump intensity is compared for nanowire arrays with different wire lengths, diameters, and spacing. The measured lasing thresholds for all arrays can be well described by the geometry of individual nanowire lasers, showing that coupling effects between the individual emitters in the arrays are negligible, even for the smallest 100 nm diameter wires with an average distance of 200 nm.
Nanofabricated tips for device-based scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Leeuwenhoek Maarten , Norte Richard A , Bastiaans Koen M , Cho Doohee , Battisti Irene , Blanter Yaroslav M , Gröblacher Simon , Allan Milan P 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We report on the fabrication and performance of a new kind of tip for scanning tunneling microscopy. By fully incorporating a metallic tip on a silicon chip using modern micromachining and nanofabrication techniques, we realize so-called smart tips and show the possibility of device-based STM tips. Contrary to conventional etched metal wire tips, these can be integrated into lithographically defined electrical circuits. We describe a new fabrication method to create a defined apex on a silicon chip and experimentally demonstrate the high performance of the smart tips, both in stability and resolution. In situ tip preparation methods are possible and we verify that they can resolve the herringbone reconstruction and Friedel oscillations on Au(111) surfaces. We further present an overview of possible applications.