bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un’epurazione sui generis: I risvolti nazionali e internazionali dell’espulsione del Generale Vaccaro dal CIO = Una depuración sui géneris: Las consecuencias nacionales e internacionales de la expulsión del General Vaccaro del COI = A sui generis purification: The national and international consequences of the expulsion of General Vaccaro from the IOC
Authors: Sbetti Nicola 
Published: January 2019

Resumen: Este artículo analiza el proceso de depuración que vivió el mundo del deporte en Italia después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En concreto, la investigación se centra en el estudio del caso de Giorgo Vaccaro, quien durante el periodo fascista ostentó diversos cargos dentro del mundo del deporte, como los de presidente de la Federación Italiana de Fútbol (FIGC), secretario general del Comité Olímpico Italiano (CONI) y miembro del Comité Olímpico Internacional (COI). Durante la posguerra, Vaccaro fue el único de los tres miembros del COI italianos que fue expulsado de esta organización supuestamente por su pasado fascista y pese a que la mayoría de los directivos del deporte durante el fascismo fueron reintegrados en sus cargos. En realidad, detrás de su expulsión existía una clara lucha de poder en el seno del CONI que abarcó desde 1948 y el 1950, que pone de manifiesto la importancia que tiene del estudio histórico de las relaciones internacionales entre organismos deportivos. Esta investigación ha utilizado para su elaboración documentación de los propios archivos del CONI y del COI. Palabras clave: Relaciones internacionales, Comité Olímpico Internacional, Deporte, Italia.Abstract: This article analyzes the purification process that the world of sports in Italy experienced after the Second World War. In particular, the research focuses on the case study of Giorgo Vaccaro, who during the fascist period held various positions in the world of sports, such as the president of the Italian Football Federation (FIGC), general secretary of the Italian Olympic Committee (CONI) and member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). During the postwar period, Vaccaro was the only one of the three Italian IOC members who was expelled from this organization supposedly because of his fascist past and despite the fact that most of the sports directors during fascism were reinstated in their posts. In reality, behind his expulsion there was a clear power struggle within the CONI that spanned from 1948 to 1950, which highlights the importance of the historical study of international relations between sports organizations. This research has used for its elaboration records of the CONI and IOS´ archives.Keywords: International Relations, International Olympic Committee, Sport, Italy.
O PAPEL DA DINÂMICA DO RELEVO NA EVOLUÇÃO DE COURAÇAS NO VALE DO RIO CONCEIÇÃO, QUADRILÁTERO FERRÍFERO – MG
Authors: Figueiredo Filho Wilton Franklin Alves de , De Oliveira Fabio Soares , Barros Luiz Fernando de Paula , Machado Henrique Amorim , Magalhães Junior Antônio Pereira 
Published: January 2019

Estudos petrológicos utilizando análises macromorfológicas, micromorfológicas, mineralógicas e microquímicas foram realizados para identificar possíveis variações faciológicas de couraças nos distintos níveis deposicionais fluviais do vale da bacia do Rio Conceição, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, e compreender sua relação com o relevo. Sua posição na paisagem sugere que estas sejam as couraças mais jovens do Quadrilátero Ferrífero e que sua formação testemunhe a dinâmica de formação e transformação dos mantos de alteração nesse importante domínio geológico-geomorfológico do Brasil. Pesquisas anteriores revelaram a existência de níveis cimentados intercalados com sedimentos finos e os denominaram de couraças conglomeráticas. Os resultados aqui encontrados reiteram essa denominação e esclarecem que a variação composicional do cimento permite o reconhecimento de três distintas fácies: F1 – couraças aluminosas; F2 – couraças ferro-aluminosas e F3 – couraças ferruginosas. Todos os tipos ocorrem no nível deposicional fluvial mais alto, com destaque para F1 e F2, ao passo que nos demais níveis apenas o tipo F3 foi identificado. As organizações microestruturais sugerem relações genéticas entre as fácies. Antigos níveis de couraça ferro-aluminosa teriam sofrido desferruginização, remobilizando o ferro e concentrando alumínio, formando as couraças do tipo F1. Como essas se localizam no nível mais alto, a variedade de fácies pode ser utilizada como um importante indicador de evolução do relevo, caracterizando uma cronossequência.
Protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of improving tuberculosis patients’ treatment adherence via electronic monitors and an app versus usual care in Tibet
Authors: Wei Xiaolin , Hicks Joseph P , Pande Pasang , Zhang Zhitong , Haldane Victoria , Liu Xiaoqiu , Yin Tingting , Wang Lixia , Shi Dachun , Ge Shiliang , Walley John , Upshur Ross , Hu Jun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Treatment non-adherence is a serious challenge to effective tuberculosis (TB) control in Tibet. In this study, we will pilot and evaluate the effectiveness of using new technologies, including electronic monitors (e-monitors) and a smartphone app, to improve treatment adherence among new pulmonary TB patients in Tibet, China.
Methods: This is a prospective, pragmatic, multicentre, individual-randomized trial with blinded evaluation of outcomes and data analysis, and unblinded treatment. New pulmonary TB patients of Shigatse, Tibet will be randomized to either the intervention or control arm in a 1:1 ration at the time of their diagnoses. All patients will be treated according to the WHO standard TB treatment regimens and China National TB program guidelines. In the control arm, patients will receive their medicines in e-monitors that are deactivated for its reminder function but are able to collect medication adherence history. In the intervention arm, patients will take medications in e-monitors that will record their medication adherence and share with health staff via a smartphone app. Patients will be opted to receive video observed treatment when adherence is problematic. The primary outcome is the rate of poor adherence measured per month during their treatment. It will be calculated from monthly-level data for each patient indicating the number of doses missed per month, with poor monthly adherence defined as the patient having missed ≥20% of doses per month. We will conduct a qualitative process evaluation to explore operational questions regarding acceptability, cultural appropriateness and burden of technology use, a cost-effectiveness analysis and long-term effects on TB control.
Discussion: Our study is one of the first trials to evaluate the use of e-monitors and smartphone app to improve communications between TB patients and health staff in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). All intervention activities are designed to be embedded into routine practice of TB care with strong local ownership. Through the trial, we intend to understand the effectiveness of our intervention, as well as its feasibility, cost-effectiveness and long-term impact to inform future scale-up in remote areas of China and LMICs.
Trial Registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN52132803, registered on 9 November 2018.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, treatment adherence, mhealth, randomised controlled trial, Tibet
The effect of a heel-unloading orthosis in short-term treatment of calcaneus fractures on physical function, quality of life and return to work – study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schmal Hagen , Larsen Anders Holsgaard , Froberg Lonnie , Erichsen Julie Ladeby , Madsen Carsten Fladmose , Pedersen Lasse 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Neither for operative nor non-operative therapy standardized guidelines for rehabilitation of calcaneus fractures are existing. While there is consensus for non or partial weight bearing, the use of supporting devices such as specific foot ankle orthosis is still a matter of debate. Recently, a heel-unloading orthosis (‘Settner shoe’) was introduced for aftercare of these fractures, allowing walking by shifting the load to the middle- and forefoot. This orthosis enables early mobilization of patients suffering from both one-and two-sided fractures. The ‘Settner shoe’ can be applied in non-operative therapy and following operations. Specifically in calcaneus fractures, early regain of physical activity has been highlighted as one of the key factors for quality of life and the ability to return to work. Thus, we hypothesize that mobilization with the ‘Settner shoe’ results in higher physical activity within the first 3 months, which is the primary outcome criterion.
Methods: This is going to be analyzed by a randomized controlled study comparing treatment with and without this specific orthosis. The secondary outcome measures are the time point of return to work in calcaneus fracture patients aged between 18 and 60 years. Furthermore, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society's (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, a 3-dimensional gait analysis, and the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire for quality of life are assessed.
Discussion: It is the first trail applying a standardized rehabilitation protocol in patients suffering from calcaneus fractures aiming to improve the non-operative part of treatment by the use of an orthosis.
Trial Registration: NCT03572816
Keywords: Calcaneus fracture, aftercare, study protocol, ankle foot orthosis, rehabilitation
Acronym: CALCFRO (Calcaneus Fracture Orthosis)
Analysis on circumferential natural frequencies of stator in permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Zhong Shuangshuang , Yu Shenbo 
Published: January 2019

Accurate calculation on circumferential natural frequencies of stator structure in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is very important for predicting the vibration and noise of PMSM. The analytical modal formula for the stator structure in PMSM is proposed, starting from the mathematical displacement model of cylindrical shell, then deriving the analytical formula for the stator structure. Firstly, finite element method (FEM) is applied to analyze the circumferential natural frequencies of cylindrical shells with different length, wall thickness, mean diameter, diameter-thickness ratio, size and installation position of terminal box. The influences on circumferential natural frequencies of cylindrical shells are studied. Furthermore, a new analytical formula considering diameter-thickness ratio for calculating circumferential natural frequencies of cylindrical shells is developed. Compared with the results of FEM, the correctness of the analytical formula is verified. Then, novel analytical formulas considering stiffness errors are proposed to calculate the circumferential natural frequencies of stator core and motor case. Compared with the results of FEM, the effectiveness of analytical method is validated. Finally, a new analytical formula considering diameter-thickness ratio, stiffness errors, existence of terminal box and mutual constraints is presented to calculate the circumferential natural frequencies of stator structure. Compared with the results of FEM and experimental method, the relative errors are respective within |4.43 %| and |3.38 %|. The validity of analytical formula is confirmed.
Using saline reclaimed water on almond grown in Mediterranean conditions: deficit irrigation strategies and salinity effects
Authors: Vivaldi Gaetano Alessandro , Camposeo Salvatore , Lopriore Giuseppe , Romero-Trigueros Cristina , Salcedo Francisco Pedrero 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to acquire agronomic knowledge about the effects of irrigation with saline reclaimed (RW) and desalinated DESERT (DW) water and different irrigation strategies: control full irrigation (FI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on leaf nutrients, tree growth and fruit quality and yield of almond trees in pots. Our results showed that RW had the highest concentration of some valuable agronomic nutrients such as N, but also of phytotoxic elements (Na and Cl−). Na leaf concentration on RW treatments reached toxic levels, especially under RDI, and toxicity symptoms were shown. Regarding tree growth, cumulate trunk diameter on RW-RDI was significantly lower than on the control treatment and shoot growth was reduced from the beginning of the irrigation season in RW treatments. Maximum yield was reached on RW-FI, 18% higher than the control treatment. However, RDI strategies influenced negatively on yield, being 23% less in RW and 7% less in DW although water productivity was not significantly reduced by water stress. These findings manifest that the combination of RW and RDI can be a promising future practice for almond irrigation, but long-term studies to establish suitable management practices must be developed.
Phytosomal Curcumin Elicits Anti-tumor Properties Through Suppression of Angiogenesis, Cell Proliferation and Induction of Oxidative Stress in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Moradi-Marjaneh Reyhaneh , Hassanian Seyed M. , Rahmani Farzad , Aghaee-Bakhtiari Seyed H. , Avan Amir , Khazaei Majid 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated mortality
in the world. Anti-tumor effect of curcumin has been shown in different cancers; however, the therapeutic
potential of novel phytosomal curcumin, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism in CRC, has not yet been
explored.

Methods:
The anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptotic activity of phytosomal curcumin in CT26 cells was
assessed by MTT assay, wound healing assay and Flow cytometry, respectively. Phytosomal curcumin was also
tested for its in-vivo activity in a xenograft mouse model of CRC. In addition, oxidant/antioxidant activity was
examined by DCFH-DA assay in vitro, measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), Thiol and superoxidedismutase
(SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity and also evaluation of expression levels of Nrf2 and GCLM by
qRT-PCR in tumor tissues. In addition, the effect of phytosomal curcumin on angiogenesis was assessed by the
measurement of VEGF-A and VEGFR-1 and VEGF signaling regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumor tissue.

Results:
Phytosomal curcumin exerts anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptotic activity in-vitro. It also
decreases tumor growth and augmented 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anti-tumor effect in-vivo. In addition, our data
showed that induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of angiogenesis through modulation of VEGF signaling
regulatory miRNAs might be underlying mechanisms by which phytosomal curcumin exerted its antitumor effect.

Conclusion:
Our data confirmed this notion that phytosomal curcumin administrates anticancer effects and can be
used as a complementary treatment in clinical settings.
3D Printing Technology in Customized Drug Delivery System: Current State of the Art, Prospective and the Challenges
Authors: Khan Farooq A. , Narasimhan Kaushik , Swathi C.S.V. , Mustak Sayyad , Mustafa Gulam , Ahmad Mohammad Zaki , Akhter Sohail 
Published: January 2019

Background:
3D printing/Additive Manufacturing seems a pragmatic approach to realize the quest for
a truly customized and personalized drug delivery. 3DP technology, with innovations in pharmaceutical development
and an interdisciplinary approach to finding newer Drug Delivery Systems can usher a new era of treatments
to various diseases. The true potential of this is yet to be realized, and the US-FDA is focusing on the regulatory
science of 3D printed medical devices to help patients access this technology safely and effectively. The approval
of the first 3D printed prescription medicine by FDA is a promising step in the translation of more research in this
area.

Methods:
A web-search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Nature was performed with the keywords Customized
3D printing and Drug delivery, publications dealing with the aspects of drug delivery using 3D printing for personalized
or customized delivery were further considered and analyzed and discussed.

Results:
We present the advantages offered by 3DP over conventional methods of formulation development and
discuss the current state of 3DP in pharmaceutics and how it can be used to develop a truly customized drug delivery
system, various 3DP technologies including Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS),
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Pressure Assisted Microsyringe (PAM) that have been used to develop
pharmaceutical products have been discussed along with their limitations and also the regulatory considerations to
help formulation scientists envisaging research in this area with the necessary information.

Conclusion:
3D printing has the potential to fabricate a customized drug delivery system. Presence of many drug
formulation and the devices are already in the regulatory approval process indicating its success.
Clinical Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia in Hospitalized Chinese Children
Authors: Yuan Chen , Min Fang-Mei , Ling Yin-Jie , Li Gang , Ye Hong-Zhou , Pan Jia-Hui , Wang Ling , Xie Yan-Ping 
Published: January 2019

Aim: To analyze the clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma
pneumoniae pneumonia (MP) in Chinese patients, providing valuable information for the
management of patients with MP.

Methods:
A total of 120 children who were hospitalized in The First Hospital of Huzhou between
January and December 2016 for respiratory tract infection due to M. pneumoniae were enrolled in
this study. Infection with M. pneumoniae was confirmed by ELISA for M. pneumoniae antibody,
PCR, and throat culture. Antibiotic resistance was measured from the minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics. The 23S rRNA gene of M. pneumoniae was also examined for
mutations using DNA sequencing. Patients with MP were classified into antibiotic resistance (n =
98) and no resistance (n = 20) groups. For the 98 patients showing antibiotic resistance, they were
further stratified into subgroups based on the antibiotics initially prescribed: azithromycin or
erythromycin (n = 78) and cephalosporin or penicillin (n = 20). Clinical characteristics were
compared between the patient groups.

Results:
Antibiotic resistance group presented significantly longer febrile days compared to the no
resistance group (P = 0.007). The number of febrile days after macrolide treatment was also longer
in antibiotic resistance group than in no resistance group (P = 0.042). MP patients initially treated
with azithromycin or erythromycin showed a longer average duration of respiratory symptoms (P =
0.046) and had a fever for more days after macrolide treatment (P = 0.009) compared to those
received cephalosporin or penicillin. The average white blood cell count of patients treated with
azithromycin or erythromycin was nearly half of those treated with cephalosporin or penicillin (P <
0.001). Nearly 90% of the resistant M. pneumoniae strains showed A to G substitution at position
2063 of the 23S rRNA gene.

Conclusion:
The clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of MP were analyzed in 120
Chinese patients. DNA sequencing revealed a highly prevalent A2063G mutation in the 23S rRNA
gene.
Isolation, Solid-state Structure Determination, In Silico and In Vitro Anticancer Evaluation of an Indole Amino Acid Alkaloid L-Abrine
Authors: Laskar Subrata , Espino Omar , Bandyopadhyay Debasish 
Published: January 2019

Background:Abrus precatorius Linn. (Kunch in Bengali) is widely spread in tropical and sub-tropical regions. It is a typical plant species which is well-known simultaneously as folk medicine and for its toxicity.Objective:Phytoceutical investigation of the white variety seeds of Abrus precatorius Linn.Methods:Traditional extraction, separation, isolation, and purification processes were followed. The structure was elucidated by various spectral analyses and the solid-state structure of this indolealkaloid was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Docking interactions of L-abrine had been studied against ten major proteins, responsible for various types of cancers. In silico studies were done by Schrödinger Maestro, AutoDock4, PyMOL and AutoDock Vina. The protein structures were downloaded from Protein Data Bank. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assay was used for in vitro anticancer evaluation against four human cancer cell lines.Results:An indole-containing unusual amino acid alkaloid had been isolated from the white variety seeds of Abrus precatorius Linn. In silico docking studies demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines.Conclusion:The solid-state zwitterion structure of the indole-containing alkaloid (α-methylamino- β-indolepropionic acid, L-abrine) has been confirmed for the first time by X-ray crystallography. Highly promising in silico and in vitro results indicate that L-abrine may find its space in future anticancer drug discovery research.
In Vitro and In Vivo Profiles and Characterization of Insulin Nanocarriers Based in Flexible Liposomes Designed for Oral Administration
Authors: Ruiz Sara Melisa Arciniegas , Bernad Bernad María Josefa , Arellano Raquel Lopez , Torres Roberto Diaz , Del Carmen Caballero Chacón Sara , Estrada Dinorah Vargas 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Alternatives routes of delivery for Insulin have been evaluated to improve
treatment for Diabetes Mellitus. The oral route is the most convenient physiologically; it releases in a
similar way to endogenous secretion. Flexible liposomes have deformable abilities to pass through
membranes with adequate therapeutic effects, but they have been tested only dermally.

Objective:
Our aim was to develop an oral nanocarrier based on flexible liposomes for insulin with
polymer addition to reduce gastrointestinal degradation.

Methods:
Different percentages of polyethylene glycol were added to a conventional formulation of
flexible liposomes. The manufacturing procedure was the heating method. Z potential, size particle,
polydispersity index and encapsulation percentage were evaluated. A release profile was performed
in the stomach and intestinal pH mediums by two-stage reverse dialysis method. The in-vivo test was
performed in experimental diabetic rats by oral, transdermal and subcutaneous routes.

Results:
All the formulations showed polydispersity but adequate Z potential. The 10% PEG
formulation obtained the best insulin enclosure with 81.9%. The insulin integrity after preparation
was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PEG and non-PEG formulations showed
similar behavior in acid release profile but the release and stability of lipid structures were better and
longer in intestinal pH conditions. In vivo tests showed a reduction to normal glucose levels only in
subcutaneous route.

Conclusion:
The polymer inclusion in flexible liposomes generates an adequate nanocarrier for
proteins in terms of stability and composition; although its in-vivo use reduces glucose levels in
subcutaneous route, the effect was not adequate in oral route.