bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquisitions and the shareholder base
Authors: Wonder Nicholas , Lending Claire 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of acquisitions on the number of shareholders of the acquirer (the shareholder base) and relate that effect to the method of payment and the ratio between the target’s and acquirer’s shareholder bases prior to the acquisition.

Design/methodology/approach
Using 348 acquisitions from 1993 to 2013 for which both parties are public, American firms, the paper measures changes in the acquirer’s shareholder base from before announcement through to four years after completion. OLS regressions, together with an instrumental variables approach addressing the endogeneity of acquisition payment, indicate the determinants of those changes.

Findings
Acquisitions completed partly or entirely in stock lead to large increases in the shareholder base, and the increases mostly endure over the four-year window examined in the study. Regression results indicate that the target to acquirer shareholder ratio has a much greater impact on the acquirer’s base for stock acquisitions than for cash acquisitions. The ratio is also associated with changes in beta.

Practical implications
Because existing theoretical and empirical literature shows that the shareholder base impacts the risk, liquidity, and market value of stock, managers evaluating potential targets and modes of payment may wish to consider the likely impact on their firms’ shareholder bases, as may investors contemplating the effects of an acquisition announcement.

Originality/value
This is the first work documenting both a short- and long-term impact of acquisitions on the shareholder base and the first to investigate the determinants of the change in the base.
The impact of ribbon treatment on the interconnection of solar cells withina glass free PV module
Authors: Sobik Piotr , Pawłowski Radosław , Pluta Anna , Jeremiasz Olgierd , Drabczyk Kazimierz , Kulesza-Matlak Grażyna , Zięba Paweł Antoni 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior of interconnections between solar cells in a glass-free solar modules. As glass weight can be a limitation, it is still interesting to investigate other types of systems, especially when the glass was replaced with a polymeric front sheet. Such systems can be more sensitive for the solar cell interconnection ribbon fatigue.

Design/methodology/approach
To examine this effect, the set of glass-based and glass-free modules were prepared using various ribbon thickness and treatment concerning its stretching or curving before lamination. Furthermore, additional reinforcement of the connection between the ribbon and the solar cell was proposed. The prepared modules were exposed to the cyclic temperature variation in the environment chamber. The number of cycles after which the interconnection maintains its conductivity was noted.

Findings
Changing the outer layers into more elastic ones requires additional care for the ribbon treatment because interconnections become more sensitive for a system relative displacement. To secure interconnection before fatigue an additional curving of ribbon between solar cells can be introduced whereas the best results were obtained for a system with aluminum plate laminated as an interlayer.

Originality/value
The paper presents a new system of a glass-free solar module based on epoxy-glass fiber composite as a backsheet. The glass front sheet was replaced with an elastic, transparent polymer. Such construction can be used in a system where the glass weight is a limitation. As glass has a structural function in traditional modules and limits fatigues of interconnections the proposed system requires additional ribbon treatment to preserve long module life-span.
Influence of AlN etching process on MISFET structures
Authors: Firek Piotr , Stonio Bartłomiej 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the influence of gate dielectric etching on obtained MISFET (metal insulator semiconductor field effect transistor) structures. Because of its properties, aluminum nitride (AlN) layers can be successfully used in a large area of applications. In addition, AIN has a wide bandgap (6.2eV) and high thermal conductivity (3.2 W/cm * K). Its melting temperature is greater than 2,000°C. The relative permittivity is about 9. All these features (especially high power, high temperature and high-frequency) make AlN a useful material in the fields of electronic, optical and acoustic applications.Design/methodology/approachTo fabricaten-channel transistors, silicon technology was used. The 50-nm thick AlN films were deposited using the magnetron sputtering. After preparation of SiO2/AlN stack as the gate dielectric, the optimization processes of dry etching in plasma environment by Taguchi method were realized. In the next step, three methods of AlN etching were selected and used to MISFET device fabrication. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy allowed to surfacing of the state observation after etching process. The current–voltage (I–V) output and transfer characteristics of structures with modified etch technology were measured. Keithley SMU 236/237/238 measurement set was used.FindingsIn this research work, a method of AlN etching in a field effect transistor technology was developed and improved. Current−voltage characteristics of obtained MISFET structures were measured and compared. Influence of etching procedure on transistors properties was examined.Originality/valueThe obtained results allow improving the MISFET technology based on AlN film as a gate dielectric. The complete research work will allow using the developed technologies to implement in highly sensitive ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) structures in the future. The improvement of the etching element in the technology strongly influences the detection capabilities and operating range of the transistor.
Validating action and social alignment constituents of collaboration in business relationships
Authors: Høgevold Nils M. , Svensson Gøran , Otero-Neira Carmen 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test hypothesized relationships within and between the domains of action and social alignment based on a sales perspective in business relationships.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a cross-industrial sample of Norwegian companies consisting of 213 key informants corresponding to a valid response rate of 40.7 percent.

Findings
The findings validate that coordination relates positively to economic satisfaction (ES); coordination does not relate to non-economic satisfaction (NES); coordination relates positively to cooperation; cooperation relates positively NES; and cooperation mediates between ES and NES.

Research limitations/implications
This study tests and successfully validates an action and social alignment model based on a sales perspective in seller business relationships, providing additional insights into the field of relationship quality and the sales literature. Suggestions for further research are provided.

Practical implications
According to sales practitioners, the research model makes sense in relation to managerial implications for seller business relationships.

Originality/value
This study contributes to incorporating a seller perspective in relation to existing theory and previous studies on a buyer perspective to quality constructs in business relationships.
Service supply chain management: a behavioural operations perspective
Authors: Liu Weihua , Wang Di , Long Shangsong , Shen Xinran , Shi Victor 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the evolution of service supply chain management from a behavioural operations perspective, pointing out future research directions for scholars.Design/methodology/approachThis study searched five databases for relevant literature published between 2009 and 2018, selecting 64 papers for this review. The selected literature was categorised according to two dimensions: a service supply chain link perspective and a behavioural factor perspective. Comparative analysis was used to identify gaps in the literature, and five future research agendas were proposed.FindingsIn terms of the perspective of service supply chain link, extant literature primarily focuses on service supply and service co-ordination management, and less on service demand and integration management. In terms of the behavioural factor’s perspective, most focus on classic behaviour factors, with less attention paid to emerging behaviour factors. This paper thus proposes five research agendas: demand-oriented management and integrated supply chain-oriented behavioural research; broadening the understanding of the scope of behavioural operations; integrating the latest backgrounds and trends of service industry into the research; greater attention to behavioural operations in service sub-industries; and multimethod combination is encouraged to be used to dig into the interesting research problems.Originality/valueThis study constitutes the first systematic review of service supply chain research from a behavioural perspective. By categorising the literature into two dimensions, the state of existing research is evaluated with an eye towards future research avenues.
Combination effect pigments with enhanced fluorescence
Authors: Kahya Sevinç Sevim , Sönmez Yasemin , Gündüz Güngör , Mavis Bora 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to enhance the limited fluorescence of mica titania (MT) effect pigments by coating them with peripherally substituted zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc).

Design/methodology/approach
The effects of deposition medium, temperature, time, initial organic pigment/MT ratio on deposition behaviour and efficiencies were investigated separately for ZnPc, nitro (TNZnPc) and amino (TAZnPc) substituted ZnPc’s.

Findings
TNZnPc could be deposited in the form of well-defined crystals on MT with per cent 64 ± 5 efficiency in chloroform at 50°C within 5 h and the amount deposited was linearly dependent on the initial TNZnPc concentration. TNZnPc fluorescence emissions, which appear mainly at 460 and 685 nm in pure pigments, could be observed in combination with MT (MT-TNZnPc) as well. A spectral analysis on the non-overlapping region of the spectrum with two different excitations (385 and 630 nm) revealed that, respectively, up to threefold to sixfold increase is possible to attain, depending on the excitation wavelengths.

Research limitations/implications
Efficiency of deposition could not be taken above per cent 11 ± 4 with TAZnPc. Although ZnPc could be deposited with per cent 57 ± 3 efficiency, the pigment was not effective in imposing its fluorescence characteristics over MT.

Originality/value
Combining inorganic effect pigments with organic dye molecules is an idea that has been elaborated mainly for producing different colour effects and stabilization of dye molecules against agglomeration. Here, for the first time, it is used to enhance the fluorescence of the effect pigments.
Financing and signaling decisions under asymmetric information: an experimental study
Authors: Christie Angelina , Houser Daniel 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test whether underpricing can serve as a signal of quality in a financing-investment environment and to compare it under the two institutions for financing offers that are commonly observed in corporate financial markets: take-it-or-leave-it offer (TLO) and the competitive bidding offer (CBO).

Design/methodology/approach
The research paper uses experimental economics methodology and laboratory experiments to investigate the research question.

Findings
The results suggest that underpricing can serve as a signal of quality but not sustainable as a repeat strategy. Over time, the high-quality firms converge to a pooling strategy rather than bearing the cost of signaling. Additionally, underpricing is lower under CBO than under TLO institution due to competitive bidding. Signaling under CBO institution may be less salient due to possible mimicking by the low-quality firms.

Originality/value
This paper presents a first experimental investigation of the underpricing-signaling hypothesis in a financing-investment environment under asymmetric information. The choice of institution in a financing environment produces qualitatively and strategically different behavior among firms and investors.
Johnsonville Sausage LLC: finding new opportunities beyond the pork commodity markets
Authors: Harris Keith D. 
Published: June 2019

Theoretical basis
This case used the interplay between individuals, firms and markets to examine how a company sustained success from its value adding activities. The theory of value creation was demonstrated by the leader’s ability to configure the firm’s tangible and intangible resources to create opportunities beyond the commodity markets. Also, what matters were not just the technical processes of developing value-added products, but how the company’s culture served as a link to new products, new markets and new ventures.

Research methodology
The case was based on primary and secondary sources. The primary sources face-to-face semi-structured recorded interviews with the protagonist at the company’s headquarters. The secondary data were from the company’s website, and public information about Johnsonville Sausage LLC. Supplemental information was gathered from market research firms. No names have been disguised. The case has been classroom tested with undergraduate students in a capstone course. The author has no personal relationship with the company.

Case overview/synopsis
Kevin Ladwig, Vice President, was concerned by the expanded production of ethanol, an attractive supplement to gasoline in the USA. Because most ethanol is processed from corn, expanded production of ethanol heightened the demand for corn. Since corn is a staple feed ingredient for animals, heightened demand for corn increased the cost of Johnsonville’s raw material – hogs. In fact, the cost of feed was Johnsonville’s major economic input in animal production from farrow to finish, accounting for up to 70 percent of the total production cost of hogs. The case introduces the nexus of food and energy markets and how the “Johnsonville Way” was used to convert an old idea into an innovation.

Complexity academic level
This case is appropriate for undergraduate and graduate courses in business and agribusiness management. It would also be appropriate for courses using concepts in innovation and organizational culture.
The Thm1 Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor contributes to heat, membrane integrity and virulence in the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Huang Shuaishuai , Keyhani Nemat O. , Zhao Xin , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe ability to withstand heat and cell wall stress is critical for successful infection of target hosts by many pathogenic fungi. We report on the characterization of BbThm1 (transcription factor for heat and membrane integrity), a Zn(II)2Cys6 (Gal4‐like) family member, which regulates resistance to heat (32°C) and specific detergents in the insect pathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana. BbThm1 gene knock‐out mutants showed severely impaired growth/resistance at 32°C and to SDS, but mild to moderate phenotypic responses to other stresses including oxidative, osmotic and cell‐wall targeting compounds, or to various fungicides. Shifts in cell wall properties, adhesion and decreased viability were noted for the ΔBbThm1 mutant. Susceptibility to SDS but not heat could be rescued by exogenous ergosterol. Insect bioassays revealed decreased virulence of the ΔBbThm1 mutant against Galleria mellonella both topically and via intrahemocoel injection assays that correlated with impaired in insecta hyphal body formation and altered host immune prophenol oxidase (PO) activation. Transcriptomic analyses of the wild‐type and ΔBbThm1 mutants revealed up‐regulation of hydrolases but down‐regulation of a wide range of basic metabolic processes. These data reveal fine tune aspects of the transcription factor network that regulates specific stress responses to contribute to the overall pathogenic process.
Detecting Gunshot Residue from Sellier & Bellot Nontox Heavy Metal‐free Primer by in situ Cathodoluminescence
Authors: Donghi Matteo , Mason Ken , Romolo Francesco Saverio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGunshot residue (GSR) from the discharge of ammunition can provide crucial information in reconstructing criminal cases. Traditional primers create particles of heavy metals such as lead, barium, and antimony. In forensic laboratories, automatic inorganic particle detection is performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), using the backscattered electron signal to search for bright residues among the many darker environmental particles, due to higher electron density of the former. Some innovative primers, indicated as heavy metal‐free (HMF), produce a residue of elements with atomic numbers below 21, urgently demanding new detecting solutions. For the first time, residues from Sellier & Bellot Nontox HMF primer are demonstrated to emit visible light under electron beam stimulation in a SEM. Cathodoluminescence is then proposed as a promising tool to both detect and characterize residues in forensic cases involving HMF primers, with minor changes to traditional analytical apparatus used for inorganic GSR analysis.
Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of 12 Melon (Cucumis melo) Peel Powders Prepared from Commercial Melons
Authors: Ganji Shirin Mal , Singh Harmit , Friedman Mendel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMelons are a diverse group of fresh, dessert fruits that includes orange flesh cantaloupe, green flesh honeydew, and mixed hybrid melons. As part of an effort to discover potential health benefits of fruit and vegetable peels that are considered to be byproducts of food processing, we determined the total phenolic content and antioxidative activities of methanolic extracts of the powdered peels of the following commercial melon (Cucumis melo) varieties sold at retail markets in California that were imported from Mexico and Honduras: nonorganic Canary, Charentias, Hani Gold, Vine ripened, and Santa Claus; and organic Ambrosia, Cantaloupe, Galia, Goddess, Ham, Honeydew, and Tuscan. The total phenolic content (in mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) ranged from 0.69 (Tuscan) to 2.96 (Galia) or 4.3‐fold variation from lowest to highest value. The antioxidative activity (in mg ascorbic acid equivalents/mL extract) ranged from 0.13 (organic Tuscan) to 0.26 (organic Galia). Similar results were observed using the ABTS antioxidative assay. The content of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds 3‐hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, isovanillic acid, apigenin‐7‐α‐glucoside, luteolin‐7‐o‐glucoside, and quercetin‐3‐galactoside in three melon flesh samples (nonorganic and organic Galia from Honduras and organic Galia from Mexico and two peel samples (Mexican organic peel and flesh) were analyzed using HPLC. The results suggest that the peel from the Honduran Galia melon with the highest antioxidative activity merits further study to investigate potential health properties. Potential nutritional and health benefits of melon peels, Seeds, and their bioactive compounds are discussed.Practical ApplicationThe peel from the Honduran Galia melon variety merits further study for potential health benefits, including antioxidative, anticholesterol, and antidiabetic activities, and stimulation of thyroid function, as reported for peels from other melon varieties, as well as antibiotic activities against pathogenic bacteria, protozoa, and viruses.
Anti‐drug antibodies and low serum trough infliximab levels correlate with disease activity measures in spondyloarthritis patients on an as‐needed infliximab treatment
Authors: Patil Abhishek , Upadhyaya Sundeep , Dawar Reetika , Dadhaniya Nikunjkumar , Sood Isha , Gupta Sirinder J. , Handa Rohini 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimIn India, many centers use infliximab at lower doses of 3‐5 mg/kg without the loading dose for spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients. It is then continued on an as‐required basis, rather than a fixed schedule. Our study was undertaken to see if the trough drug levels and anti‐drug antibodies in patients with SpA treated with as‐needed infliximab dosing correlated with the disease activity measures.MethodsThirty‐five adult SpA patients in the age group 18‐70 years were recruited. They had received three or more infusions of infliximab at 3‐5 mg/kg over the past 6 to 12 months. Patient's serum tumor necrosis factor‐α, trough infliximab levels and anti‐drug antibodies were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay technique. The disease activity was quantified by Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score – erythrocyte sedimentation rate/ C‐reactive protein (ASDAS‐ESR/CRP) scores. Correlation between quantitative variables was analyzed by the Spearman's correlation assay. The difference in mean trough infliximab and ASDAS between the drug antibody positive and negative patients was assessed using the Mann‐Whitney U test.ResultsThere was a significant negative correlation between the trough infliximab levels and the ASDAS‐ESR (rs = −0.57, P < 0.01) and ASDAS‐CRP scores (rs = −0.53, P < 0.01). Anti‐drug antibodies were positive in 68.7% of the patients and in comparison to the antibody negative patients, had significantly higher ASDAS‐ESR and ASDAS‐CRP scores.ConclusionsSpondyloarthritis patients on low‐dose, as‐needed infliximab therapy, have both the trough infliximab and anti‐drug antibodies correlate significantly with the measures of disease activity. We hypothesize that trough infliximab levels and anti‐drug antibodies may be used to predict a suboptimal response due to secondary resistance in SpA patients.