bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thickness‐Dependent Asymmetric Potential Landscape and Polarization Relaxation in Ferroelectric HfxZr1−xO2 Thin Films through Interfacial Bound Charges
Authors: Zhu Ying , Ning Hongkai , Yu Zhihao , Pan Qiang , Zhang Chunchen , Luo Chen , Tu Xuecou , You Yumeng , Wang Peng , Wu Xing , Shi Yi , Wang Xinran 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe negative capacitance (NC) effect in ferroelectric materials provides a possible solution to break the Boltzmann tyranny and realize steep‐slope field‐effect transistors (FETs) with sub‐60 mV dec−1 subthreshold slope (SS). HfO2‐based ferroelectrics (FE) have attracted great attention as dielectric candidates for NCFETs due to their excellent scalability and compatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology. However, understanding of the ferroelectric properties of HfO2‐based FEs, especially at reduced thickness, is still at an early stage. The quasistatic polarization relaxation behavior of ferroelectric HfxZr1−xO2 (HZO) thin films below ≈50 nm is reported. Universal asymmetries in coercive voltage and remanent polarization in HZO films deposited on various substrates are observed. The asymmetry is strongly thickness dependent and is related to interface bound charges. These findings suggest that the symmetric double‐well free energy landscape in ideal FEs is not a priori applicable to thin films, which has important implications for HZO‐based devices. It is found, through numerical simulations, that the asymmetric potential landscape can reduce SS in NCFETs without suffering from hysteresis. These results provide new insights toward understanding the mechanisms of FE devices and highlight the need for further efforts to investigate interface‐related phenomena in HZO.
Stable Dynamics Performance and High Efficiency of ABX3‐Type Super‐Alkali Perovskites First Obtained by Introducing H5O2 Cation
Authors: Zhou Tingwei , Wang Ming , Zang Zhigang , Fang Liang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDeveloping new ABX3‐type perovskites is very important for expanding the family of perovskites and obtaining excellent light absorbing material. One strategy is replacing A site atoms with super‐alkali atoms for the perovskites, but super‐alkali perovskites with stable dynamics performance and high efficiency have not been found until now. Herein, massive super‐alkalis, such as Li3O, Li2F, H5O2, and so on, are introduced into the cubic CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites, and the perovskites with these super‐alkalis are systematically studied by using ab initio molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory based first principles calculations. Calculated results indicate that the perovskites with the super‐alkalis including metal atoms show unstable dynamics performance under normal temperature and pressure. On the contrary, the first obtainable super‐alkali perovskites of cubic H5O2MBr3 (M = Ge, Sn, Pb) and H5O2PbI3 show stable dynamics performance. They also show suitable tolerance factors, negative formation energies, tunable direct band gaps, and small effective hole and electron masses. Moreover, the calculated power conversion efficiencies of 23.17% and 22.83% are obtained for the single‐junction solar cells based on the cubic H5O2SnBr3 and H5O2PbBr3 perovskites, respectively.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Effect of Home Institution on Emergency Medicine Standardized Letters of Evaluation
Authors: Boysen‐Osborn Megan , Andrusaitis Jessica , Clark Clelia , Saadat Soheil , Billimek John , Paradise Sara , Wray Alisa , Wiechmann Warren , Toohey Shannon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe standardized letter of evaluation (SLOE) was developed to make letters of recommendation in emergency medicine (EM) more objective and discerning. Typically, students obtain one SLOE from a home EM rotation and at least one more SLOE from an away clerkship. It is unclear if students perform better on their home or away EM rotations.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine if students perform better on the group SLOE at their home institution compared to an away institution.MethodsThe authors performed a retrospective application review of all allopathic applicants to an urban, academic EM residency program. The authors calculated a composite score (CS) for each group SLOE, using the global assessment scores for comparative rank and rank list position. A lower CS indicates better performance. The authors compared mean CS for students’ first home rotations with first away rotations. For students in the study who had a third (second away or second home site) SLOE available, the authors compared mean CS on the students’ first SLOEs with mean CS on the students’ third SLOEs.ResultsA total of 624 records were included in the primary analysis. There was a small, but significant difference between mean CS for students’ home rotations when compared to away rotations (4.67 vs. 4.85, p = 0.024). Students performed better on their home rotations. Students who had three SLOEs available performed worse on their third rotation (first = 4.40, second = 4.63, third = 4.77, p = 0.012 for first vs. third). For all available SLOEs, more than 50% of students fell into the top 10% or top one‐third categories.ConclusionStudents perform slightly better on their home EM rotations. Students’ mean SLOE CS is slightly worse for a third rotation when compared to a first rotation.
Anthropometrics, diet, and resting energy expenditure in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia
Authors: Madsen Andrea , Fredwall Svein O. , Maanum Grethe , Henriksen Christine , Slettahjell Hanne B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIndividuals with achondroplasia have a high prevalence of obesity and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Fat distribution, diet, and caloric intake are known risk factors, but the literature concerning diet and energy balance in achondroplasia is limited. The main aim of this study was to describe the anthropometrics, diet, and resting energy expenditure (REE) in a Norwegian adult achondroplasia population. Here, we present a descriptive cross‐sectional study with the following variables: anthropometrics, the SmartDiet questionnaire, and dietary records. In addition, REE was measured and estimated using indirect calorimetry and prediction equations. A total of 33 adults with achondroplasia participated with a mean age of 40 years. Mean body mass index was 34.1 kg/m2, and mean waist circumference was 94.1 cm for men and 82.2 cm for women. Their diets were classified as unhealthy (38%) or in need of improvement (62%). The mean REE values for the total group were 21 kcal/kg for the male (n = 15) and 20 kcal/kg for the female (n = 18). This study revealed a high frequency of central obesity and unhealthy dietary habits in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia. Mean energy intake was low and only 10% higher than the mean REE, and does not explain the high prevalence of abdominal obesity in our population.
Dominance rank predicts social network position across developmental stages in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Wooddell Lauren J. , Kaburu Stefano S. K. , Dettmer Amanda M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSocial network analysis is increasingly common in studying complex interactions among individuals. Across a range of primates, high‐ranking adults are generally more socially connected, which results in better fitness outcomes. However, it still remains unclear whether this relationship between social network position and dominance rank emerges in infancy and whether, in species with a social transmission of dominance rank, social network positions are driven by the presence of the mother. To fill this gap, we first explored whether dominance ranks were related to social network position, measured via eigenvector centrality, in infants, juveniles, and adults in a troop of semi‐free‐ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We then examined relationships between dominance rank and eigenvector centrality in a peer‐only group of yearlings who were reared with their mothers in either a rich, socially complex environment of multigenerational (MG) kin support or a unigenerational group of mothers and their infants from birth through 8 months. In Experiment 1, we found that mother's network position predicted offspring network position and that dominants across all age categories were more central in affiliative networks (social contact, social grooming, and social play). Experiment 2 showed that high‐ranking yearlings in a peer‐only group were more central only in the social contact network. Moreover, yearlings reared in a socially complex environment of MG kin support were more central. Our findings suggest that the relationship between dominance rank and social network position begins early in life, and that complex early social environments can promote later social competency. Our data add to the growing body of evidence that the presence/absence of the mother and kin influence how dominance rank affects social network position. These findings have important implications for the role of caregivers in the social status of developing primates, which ultimately ties to health and fitness outcomes.
English proficiency in Australia, 1981 to 2016
Authors: McDonald Peter , Moyle Helen , Temple Jeromey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUsing Australian census data, the paper examines the incidence of poor English competency in Australia from 1981 onwards. The paper examines English competency in relation to various characteristics such as sex, age, language spoken, visa type, citizenship, duration of residence and location. It finds that there was a sharp rise in the numbers of people not speaking English well between the 2011 and 2016 Censuses and special attention is given to this rise in the paper. Recently, the Australian Government unsuccessfully legislated for the introduction of a requirement of English competency at the level of IELTS 6 (the commonly used university entrance level) as a condition for the award of Australian citizenship. The paper argues that this test would have led to a very large number of disenfranchised Australian permanent residents and this would be a highly undesirable result. Nevertheless, employment and social participation are strongly influenced by English competency and residents with poor English are disadvantaged. The policy suggestion is made that participation in a course of English language training for those without functional English skills could be made a precondition of the award of permanent residence—without the application of a passing grade.
Recent Advances in Composites of Graphene and Layered Double Hydroxides for Water Remediation: A Review
Authors: Pang Hongwei , Wu Yihan , Wang Xiangxue , Hu Baowei , Wang Xiangke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractComposites of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and graphene (G) are exciting nanomaterials because of their unique surface structures and excellent physicochemical properties. Such materials offer the advantages of both components, that is, the large surface area and ample functional groups of graphene and the outstanding layered structure and ion‐exchangeability of layered double hydroxides, whilst effectively avoiding the coagulation of graphene and the instability of pristine layered double hydroxides, and they have been widely investigated for applications in water remediation. This Minireview begins by summarizing the most common methods for the synthesis of G@LDH composites, including hydrothermal treatment, coprecipitation, and in situ growth. Then, we review the adsorption and catalytic ability of G@LDH materials in the removal of contaminants from water, such as heavy metal ions, radionuclides, dyes, and other organic pollutants. Finally, we discuss the challenges and offer a perspective on the directions of future research of G@LDH composites.
Meta-analysis of effect of routine enteral nutrition on postoperative outcomes after pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Tanaka M , Heckler M , Mihaljevic A L , Probst P , Klaiber U , Heger U , Hackert T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The optimal nutritional treatment after pancreatoduodenectomy is still unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of routine enteral nutrition following pancreatoduodenectomy on postoperative outcomes.

Methods
RCTs comparing enteral nutrition (regular oral intake with routine tube feeding) with non-enteral nutrition (regular oral intake with or without parenteral nutrition) after pancreatoduodenectomy were sought systematically in the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. Postoperative data were extracted. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to compare postoperative outcomes in the two arms, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs) were calculated with 95 per cent confidence intervals. In subgroup analyses, the routes of nutrition were assessed. Percutaneous tube feeding and nasojejunal tube feeding were each compared with parenteral nutrition.

Results
Eight RCTs with a total of 955 patients were included. Enteral nutrition was associated with a lower incidence of infectious complications (OR 0·66, 95 per cent c.i. 0·43 to 0·99; P = 0·046) and a shorter length of hospital stay (MD –2·89 (95 per cent c.i. –4·99 to –0·80) days; P &lt; 0·001) than non-enteral nutrition. Percutaneous tube feeding had a lower incidence of infectious complications (OR 0·47, 0·25 to 0·87; P = 0·017) and a shorter hospital stay (MD –1·56 (–2·13 to –0·98) days; P &lt; 0·001) than parenteral nutrition (3 RCTs), whereas nasojejunal tube feeding was not associated with better postoperative outcomes (2 RCTs).

Conclusion
As a supplement to regular oral diet, routine enteral nutrition, especially via a percutaneous enteral tube, may improve postoperative outcomes after pancreatoduodenectomy.
The first report of Pseudomonas oryzihabitansin infection in a patient with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Keikha Masoud , Soori Tahereh , Azadi Davood , Karami‐Zarandi Morteza , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Ali Rahdar Hosssein 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is one of the neglected chronic inflammatory disorders which has not efficient treatment. These patients were susceptible to various infectious diseases because of their changes in immuneresponse. Also, HS pathogenesis remains unclear and its report can create novel insight into mechanism and pathogenesis of this infection. Moreover, given that different susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas spp this species should be identified to the species level; molecular methods are rapid, inexpensive, and reliable method for identification of infectious agents to the species level and appropriate treatment of infections.
2H Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy Reveals the Dynamics of a Pyridine Probe Interacting with Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Sites of MIL‐100(Al) Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Khudozhitkov Alexander E. , Toktarev Alexander V. , Arzumanov Sergei S. , Gabrienko Anton A. , Kolokolov Daniil I. , Stepanov Alexander G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCoordinatively unsaturated metal sites (CUS) play an important role in catalysis by metal‐organic frameworks (MOF). Being an intrinsic part of the framework the CUS take the role of acidic sites active in industrially relevant processes such as condensation or oxidation reactions. The key step of such reactions represents the coordination of the reagents to CUS. In MOFs the mechanism of the reagent interaction with CUS is poorly understood. Herein, we characterize the interaction of a widely used acidity probe pyridine with CUS of MIL‐100(Al) MOF by means of the 2H solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. 2H NMR reveals that pyridine species, which are interacting with CUS and the ones which are coordinated to the Al−OH site, exhibit different motional behavior. 2H NMR line shape as well as T1, T2 relaxation analyses for [D5]pyridine adsorbed in MIL‐100(Al) allowed us to perform a detailed characterization of pyridine dynamics in both states including the kinetics of the exchange process between these adsorption states.
Across the Board: Licheng Sun on the Mechanism of O−O Bond Formation in Photosystem II
Authors: Zhang BiaoBiao , Sun Licheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. L. Sun, who proposes a special mechanism for O−O bond formation in photosystem II with involvement of an MnVII–oxo species induced by charge‐ and structural rearrangements. In this viewpoint, Proton transfer is involved in changes of the first coordination spheres around the MnVII–oxo site on the dangling Mn4 with de‐ and re‐coordination of carboxylates (Glu333 and Asp170).
Weighty decisions: How symptom severity and weight impact perceptions of bulimia nervosa
Authors: Galbraith Katharine , Elmquist JoAnna , White Marney A. , Grilo Carlos M. , Lydecker Janet A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe current study examined whether variations in patient weight and eating‐disorder behavior frequency influenced the recognition of bulimia nervosa (BN) and the perception that it is a serious mental health concern.MethodParticipants (N = 320) were randomly assigned to one of six conditions in which they read a vignette describing a young woman with BN. Each vignette was identical except for the variables of interest: weight status (underweight, healthy‐weight, and overweight), and symptom frequency (daily or weekly binge‐eating episodes and purging).ResultsParticipants were more likely to have negative attitudes toward and blame the patient with overweight. Participants were less likely to believe that the patient with overweight was experiencing mental illness and that her problems were too serious to handle on her own. There were no significant differences by symptom frequency.DiscussionFindings suggest the presence of weight stigma and that overweight might impede the recognition of eating disorders.
Toward Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Based Supercapacitors: Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Electrically Conducting MOF‐Based Nanocomposites Decorated with Redox‐Active Manganese
Authors: Wang Yi‐Sen , Chen Yu‐Chuan , Li Jun‐Hong , Kung Chung‐Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Chung‐Wei Kung from National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan. The cover image shows the enhanced transport of electrons in the nanocomposite made of redox‐active metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals and carbon nanotubes (background picture Sean Pavone Copyright 123RF.com).
Starch isolated from different hulless barley cultivars differs in their chemical and structural characteristics
Authors: Li Liang , Liu Zhendong , Wang Tieqiao , Wang Bo , Zhang Wenhui , Li Guanghuan , Guo Zhaoling , Zhang Yongxian , Xue Bei , Luo Zhang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to isolate starch and evaluate its chemical and structural characteristics from six Chinese hulless barley (HB) cultivars. Starch isolated from naked barley displays A‐type crystalline packing and a regular granular shape. We measured peak viscosity values ranging from 237 to 264 cP, trough viscosity values from 305 to 380 cP, breakdown values from 390 to 535 cP, final viscosities from 357 to 523 cP, setback values from 245 to 354 cP and 383 to 460 cP, peak times from 5.53 to 5.73 min, and pasting temperatures from 93.10 to 94.65°C by RVA. Transition temperatures (T0, Tp, and Tc), gelatinization temperature ranges (ΔTr), and enthalpies of gelatinization (ΔH) were measured on a differential scanning calorimeter analyzer (DSC) and ranged from 57.81 to 61.25°C, 64.36 to 67.57°C, 82.03 to 84.70°C, and 21.52 to 26.89°C and 7.14 to 10.66 J/g, respectively. The varying chemical and structural characteristics of HB starch isolated from different cultivars suggested the potential for broader applications of the cereal.
Association between glycated albumin, fructosamine, and HbA1c with neonatal outcomes in a prospective cohort of women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mendes Neuza , Alves Marta , Andrade Rita , Ribeiro Rogério T. , Papoila Ana Luísa , Serrano Fátima 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether glycated albumin, fructosamine, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are associated with neonatal complications in newborns of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsBetween November 2016 and September 2017, women with a singleton pregnancy and GDM were enrolled in a prospective study in an obstetric Portuguese referral center. Glycemic markers were compared between mothers of newborns with and without complications. Multivariable logistic regression models and corresponding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used.ResultsA total of 85 women participated in the study. Raised levels of glycated albumin and fructosamine were associated with at least one neonatal complication (OR‐ [odds ratio] estimate: 1.33, P=0.015; OR: 1.24, P=0.027, respectively) and with respiratory disorders at birth (OR 1.41, P=0.004; OR 1.26, P=0.014, respectively). HbA1c was not associated with these outcomes. All biomarkers were associated with large‐for‐gestational age (LGA) status (OR 1.61, P<0.001; OR 1.45, P<0.001; OR 3.62, P=0.032 for glycated albumin, fructosamine, and HbA1c, respectively). All had similar AUC for at least one neonatal complication (0.82; 0.81; 0.79, respectively). For newborn respiratory disorders, AUCs were 0.83, 0.81, and 0.76, respectively, and for LGA status were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.71, respectively.ConclusionRaised values of glycated albumin and fructosamine were associated with particular perinatal complications in newborns of mothers with GDM, better discriminating mothers of newborns with and without complications than HbA1c.
Targeting mitochondria‐associated membranes as a potential therapy against endothelial injury induced by hypoxia
Authors: Yang Yi‐Dong , Li Man‐Man , Xu Gang , Zhang Er‐Long , Chen Jian , Sun Binda , Chen De‐Wei , Gao Yu‐Qi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction plays a principal role in hypoxia‐induced endothelial injury, which is involved in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have identified mitochondria‐associated membranes (MAMs) that modulate mitochondrial function under a variety of pathophysiological conditions such as high‐fat diet‐mediated insulin resistance, hypoxia reoxygenation‐induced myocardial death, and hypoxia‐evoked vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. However, the role of MAMs in hypoxia‐induced endothelial injury remains unclear. To explore this further, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells were exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) for 24 hours. An increase in MAM formation was uncovered by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Then, we performed small interfering RNA transfection targeted to MAM constitutive proteins and explored the biological effects. Knockdown of MAM constitutive proteins attenuated hypoxia‐induced elevation of mitochondrial Ca2+ and repressed mitochondrial impairment, leading to an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production and a decline in reactive oxygen species. Then, we found that MAM disruption mitigated cell apoptosis and promoted cell survival. Next, other protective effects, such as those pertaining to the repression of inflammatory response and the promotion of NO synthesis, were investigated. With the disruption of MAMs under hypoxia, inflammatory molecule expression was repressed, and the eNOS‐NO pathway was enhanced. This study demonstrates that the disruption of MAMs might be of therapeutic value for treating endothelial injury under hypoxia, suggesting a novel strategy for preventing hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and ischemic injuries.