bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accruals quality and the cost of debt: the European evidence
Authors: Eliwa Yasser , Gregoriou Andros , Paterson Audrey 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the empirical relationship between the cost of debt (CoD) and accruals quality (AQ) of European listed firms during the period of 2005 to 2014. Also, it aims to test the impact of the interrelationship between the financial crisis (2008-2009) and AQ on CoD. Finally, we decompose AQ into two components; the innate (InnateAQ) and discretionary components (DiscAQ); and test their relationships with CoD.

Design/methodology/approach
To empirically examine the relationship between AQ and CoD, a sample including 15 member states of the EU is constructed. AQ proxy is based on the McNichols (2002) modification of Dechow and Dichev (2002) model. A univariate analysis and a multivariate analysis are conducted to examine the relationship between AQ and CoD after controlling for firm characteristics and institutional variables.

Findings
We find a significant negative association between AQ and CoD in a vast proportion of the 15 countries under review. Also, the results indicate that during the crisis period, creditors pay relatively more attention to the quality of accounting information than during the pre-crisis period when they determine CoD of firms. Moreover, we report a link between the magnitude of this relationship and national characteristics and provide evidence of the significant effects of national characteristics and market forces on CoD. Finally, we find that InnateAQ drives the relationship with CoD.

Practical implications
This paper provides up-to-date evidence on the economic consequences of AQ and IFRS in the capital market. The results should, therefore, be of interest to managers, creditors, regulators and standard-setters.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to investigate the effects of AQ on CoD for European listed firms. Also, it examines the impact of financial crisis on the association between AQ and CoD.
Empirical analysis of HPO framework in public sector organizations of Pakistan
Authors: Kalimullah Kalimullah , Arshad Mohd Anuar , Khan Qaiser , Khan Shahid 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Building on high-performance organizations (HPO) framework, the purpose of this paper is to hypothesize the direct impact of five factors of HPO framework on public organizations’ performance in Pakistan. This is first research to employ the partial least squares (PLS) method to provide empirical evidence of the predictive power of the framework in public organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in non-contrived settings thereby keeping researcher interference to a minimum. Data collection was carried out by distributing online questionnaires to 513 employees from three different service-based public organizations in Pakistan. PLS is used to examine the statistical and substantive significance of five factors by employing SmartPLS 3.2.6.

Findings
This study concludes that the HPO framework has predictive relevance for public organizations’ performance surveyed in this study. Furthermore, three out of the five factors of HPO framework, namely, management quality, workforce quality and long-term orientation have positive relationships, while openness and action orientation (OAO), and continuous improvement process and renewal have a negative relationship with the performance of public sector organizations (PSOs) surveyed in Pakistan.

Research limitations/implications
The study’s small sample size limits this research, and only quantitative methodology is applied. A significant limitation of this research is that this study relied on a subset of respondents of surveyed organizations and may not representative of the population. Therefore, result should be carefully interpreted as some degree of biasness may be present. Furthermore, findings of the study cannot be generalized to all PSOs of Pakistan.

Practical implications
The implication for public managers is that the HPO framework has predictive relevance and substantive significance. However, the ideal value of HPO framework will occur when leadership considers HPO factors and struggles persistently to improve performance. The useful implication is that public managers should focus on continuous improvement process and renewal and OAO to meet stakeholders’ satisfaction.

Originality/value
This study answer two questions, first “is there any significant relationship of five factors of HPO framework with public organizations’ Performance in Pakistan?” and second “what is the predictive relevance level of HPO framework in the Public organizations in Pakistan?” The answers to these research questions will fill the gaps in the literature by providing empirical evidence to the existing knowledge on improvement methods, especially the public sector (PS), and contributing insights on the real world working of the five factors of HPO framework in a PS.
Upwelling as the major source of nitrogen for shallow and deep reef‐building corals across an oceanic atoll system
Authors: Radice Veronica Z. , Hoegh‐Guldberg Ove , Fry Brian , Fox Michael D. , Dove Sophie G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOceanographic processes shape coral reefs worldwide by redistributing inorganic nutrients and particulate resources over depth. Deep‐water upwelling occurs frequently in coral reef ecosystems, but its impact on coral nutrition remains unclear.This study investigated the influence of upwelling on the trophic ecology of three common reef‐building corals (Galaxea fascicularis,Pachyseris speciosaandPocillopora verrucosa) from different reef depths (shallow reef, 10 m, vs. deep reef, 30 m) and reef exposures (oceanic rim vs. Inner Sea) across > 250 km of the Maldives archipelago, Indian Ocean. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) of coral hosts, their symbionts and particulate organic matter (POM) were used to characterize coral trophic strategies.Across the Maldives, consistent mean δ15N values were recorded in hosts (5.5‰) and symbionts (5.2‰) of the three coral species from shallow and deep reefs of oceanic and Inner Sea reef exposures. Coral hosts, symbionts and POM from both depths had δ15N values that were consistent with the isotopic signature of a deep‐water nitrate source transported to surface waters via upwelling.In contrast, a wide range of δ13C values (~10‰) revealed different trophic strategies and isotopic niches among the coral species. Different mean δ13C values ofG. fascicularisindicated greater symbiont autotrophy in corals from shallow (‐15.5‰) compared to deep reefs (‐17.6‰). Conversely, the mean δ13C values ofP. speciosa(‐15.1‰) andP. verrucosa(‐17.7‰) were not affected by reef depth. These corals maintained consistent trophic strategies over depth, withP. speciosarelying more on autotrophy compared toP. verrucosa.Despite different reef exposure to oceanic waters, coral host and POM δ15N and δ13C values did not differ between oceanic and Inner Sea reef exposures. Nutritional resources appear to be homogenous in the central Maldives due to atoll‐wide water circulation. However, species‐specific trophic strategies resulted in diverse patterns of δ13C values over depth. Because heterotrophic feeding has been linked to coral host survival through coral bleaching events, understanding the trophic ecology of corals within the reef assemblage can provide insight into species resilience under ocean warming conditions. As a member of the typically competitive Pocilloporidae family, the dependence ofP. verrucosaon heterotrophy may help this coral be a future “winner” under sustained ocean warming.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Water‐soluble bioactive natural compounds in Trapa japonica leaves: Temporal changes in chemical composition and effects on cladocerans
Authors: Ishimota Makoto , Nakajima Daisuke , Sakamoto Masaki , Miyabara Yuichi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLittoral macrophyte vegetation provides a refuge for zooplankton from fish under certain circumstances. However, some chemicals produced by macrophytes harm zooplankton. Trapa japonica, a common annual floating‐leaved macrophyte, commonly occurs in Asian shallow and eutrophic lakes. In this study, we conducted preliminary evaluation of the adverse effects of T. japonica leaf extracts on Daphnia magna survival. Specifically, we investigated the effects of lake water to D. magna in relation to T. japonica abundance. The effect of littoral water samples peaked when the density of the macrophyte leaves began to decline. These findings coincided with those of acute immobilization tests of leaf extracts that had substances from leaves in the early yellowing stage showed strongest effect to the cladocerans, D. magna and Scapholeberis kingi. Moreover, the ion composition and amount of each ion varied depending on the leaf stage. Additionally, the multimodel inference approach showed that leaf extract effects depend on the total amount of the chemicals. Our findings indicate that the littoral macrophytes have unintended effects on zooplankton due to those differential decomposition.
The genera of bacteriophages and their receptors are the major determinants of host range
Authors: Gencay Yilmaz Emre , Gambino Michela , Prüssing Tessa From , Brøndsted Lone 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe host range of phages is a key to understand their impact on bacterial ecology and evolution. Because of the complexity of phage–host interactions, the variables that determine the breadth of a phage host range remain poorly understood. Here, we propose a novel holistic approach to identify the host range determinants of a new collection of phages infecting Salmonella, isolated from animal, environmental and wastewater samples that were able to infect 58 of the 71 Salmonella strains in our collection. By using a set of statistic approaches (non‐metric dimensional scaling, Bray–Curtis distance, PERMANOVA), we analysed phenotypic (host range on wild‐type and receptor mutants) and genetic data (taxonomic assignment and receptor binding proteins) to evaluate the impact of isolation strain and niche, phage receptor and genus on the host range. Statistical analysis revealed that two phage characteristics influence the host range by explaining the most variance: the receptor by 45% and the genus by 51%. Interestingly, phage genus and receptor in combination explained 79% of the variance, establishing these characteristics as the major determinants of the host range. This study demonstrates the power and the novelty of applying statistical approaches to phenotypic and genetic data to investigate the ecology of phage–host interactions.
An investigation of change: elementary students with an individual education program participating in a school‐based mental health counselling intervention
Authors: Kelchner Viki P. , Perleoni Mary K. , Lambie Glenn W. 
Published: March 2019

There is a high prevalence of mental health concerns among youth in the United States. School‐based mental health counselling interventions maybe one way of addressing the mental health concerns of youth. This study investigated changes in students’ behavioural and emotional problems scores and discipline referrals for those who participated in a 5‐week school‐based mental health counselling intervention (SBMHCI) at three Title I elementary schools, located in Southeastern United States. The participants (N = 35) to participate had an active Individual Education Program (IEP). They then received the SBMHCI grounded in a Humanistic counselling approach. A single‐group, pre‐test‐post‐test design was used to examine change in participants’ scores (internalizing and externalizing). There was no control group in place for this study therefore there was no comparisons made between participants and non‐participants’ outcomes. The researchers identified significant improvement over time on the parents’ ratings of the students’ internalizing problem scores and the teachers’ ratings of the students’ externalizing problem scores, and total problems scores per both parents and teachers’ report. Furthermore, the number of office discipline referrals decreased significantly over time.
Radiotherapy is an independent prognostic marker of favorable prognosis in non‐small cell lung cancer patients after treatment with the immune checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab
Authors: Yamaguchi Ou , Kaira Kyoichi , Hashimoto Kosuke , Mouri Atsuto , Miura Yu , Shiono Ayako , Nishihara Fuyumi , Murayama Yoshitake , Noda Shin‐ei , Kato Shingo , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Kagamu Hiroshi 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundIt remains unclear why radiation clinically provides a synergistic effect when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab. The purpose of our study was to retrospectively evaluate whether the therapeutic efficacy of nivolumab is improved as a result of a history of radiotherapy (RT) in patients with previously treated advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsFrom February 2016 to December 2017, 124 consecutive patients were administered nivolumab for pretreated advanced NSCLC. The patients were divided into RT and non‐RT groups.ResultsSixty‐six (53%) of the 124 patients had been administered RT before the initiation of nivolumab, 52 (42%) received extracranial RT, and 40 (32%) were treated with thoracic RT. The median number of nivolumab cycles was 4 (range: 1–43). The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) of nivolumab in all patients were 28.0% and 58.4%, respectively. The ORR (36.4%) was significantly higher in patients who had received previous RT than in patients who had not received any RT (19%). The therapeutic efficacy of nivolumab was particularly noteworthy in patients with non‐adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma histology administered extracranial RT, with ORRs of 48.3% and 52.6%, and DCRs of 87.1% and 84.2%, respectively.ConclusionPrevious RT was an independent prognostic marker of favorable prognosis after nivolumab administration and improved the response rate to nivolumab treatment. Previous RT was clinically identified to have a synergistic effect with nivolumab treatment, increasing the response rate and improving the outcome of patients with advanced NSCLC.
Infections and outcomes after cardiac surgery—The impact of outbreaks traced to transesophageal echocardiography probes
Authors: Vesteinsdottir Edda , Helgason Kristjan Orri , Sverrisson Kristinn Orn , Gudlaugsson Olafur , Karason Sigurbergur 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundInfections are a frequent complication of cardiac surgery. The intraoperative use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) may be an underrecognized risk factor for post‐operative infections. The aim of this study was to investigate infection rates and outcomes after cardiac surgery in a nationwide cohort, especially in relation to periods where surface damaged TEE probes were used.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational study at Landspitali University Hospital. All consecutive cardiac surgery patients from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017 were included. Patients’ charts were reviewed for evidence of infection, post‐operative complications or death.ResultsDuring the study period, 973 patients underwent cardiac surgery at Landspitali and 198 (20.3%) developed a post‐operative infection. The most common infections were: Pneumonia (9.1%), superficial surgical site (5.7%), bloodstream (2.8%) and deep sternal wound (1.7%). Risk factors for developing an infection included: The duration of procedure, age, insulin‐dependent diabetes, EuroScore II, reoperation for bleeding and an operation in a period with a surface damaged TEE probe in use. Twenty‐two patients were infected with a multidrug resistant strain of Klebsiella oxytoca, 10 patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two patients developed endocarditis with Enterococcus faecalis. All three pathogens were cultured from the TEE probe in use at respective time, after decontamination. The 30‐day mortality rate in the patient cohort was 3.2%.ConclusionsThe intraoperative use of surface damaged TEE probes caused two serious infection outbreaks in patients after cardiac surgery. TEE probes need careful visual inspection during decontamination and probe sheaths are recommended.
Associations of child and adolescent anxiety with later alcohol use and disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Dyer Maddy L. , Easey Kayleigh E. , Heron Jon , Hickman Matthew , Munafò Marcus R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsDespite a wealth of literature, the relationship between anxiety and alcohol use remains unclear. We examined whether (a) child and adolescent anxiety is positively or negatively associated with later alcohol use and disorders and (b) study characteristics explain inconsistencies in findings.Design and SettingWe conducted a systematic review of 51 prospective cohort studies from 11 countries. Three studies contributed to a meta‐analysis. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases, and studies were included if they met the following criteria: English language publication, human participants, anxiety exposure (predictor variable) in childhood or adolescence and alcohol outcome at least 6 months later.ParticipantsStudy sample sizes ranged from 110 to 11 157 participants. Anxiety exposure ages ranged from 3 to 24 years, and alcohol outcome ages ranged from 11 to 42 years.MeasurementsNinety‐seven associations across 51 studies were categorized by anxiety exposure (generalized anxiety disorder, internalizing disorders, miscellaneous anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder and specific phobias) and alcohol use outcome (drinking frequency/quantity, binge drinking and alcohol use disorders).FindingsThe narrative synthesis revealed some evidence for a positive association between anxiety and later alcohol use disorders. Associations of anxiety with later drinking frequency/quantity and binge drinking were inconsistent. Type and developmental period of anxiety, follow‐up duration, sample size and confounders considered did not appear to explain the discrepant findings. The meta‐analysis also showed no clear evidence of a relationship between generalized anxiety disorder and later alcohol use disorder (odds ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval = 0.47–1.87).ConclusionsEvidence to date is suggestive, but far from conclusive of a positive association between anxiety during childhood and adolescence and subsequent alcohol use disorder.
Influence of STAT4 gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of endometriosis
Authors: Bianco Bianca , Fernandes Ramon Felix Martins , Trevisan Camila Martins , Christofolini Denise M. , Sanz‐Lomana Carlos Millán , de Bernabe Javier Valero , Barbosa Caio P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe STAT4 gene is vital to signaling pathways in the immune response. Immunological alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, and STAT4 polymorphisms may be linked to disease development. This study's aim is to evaluate the possible association between four STAT4 polymorphisms (rs7601754/G > A, rs11889341/C > T, rs7574865/T > G, and rs7582694/C > G) and the pathogenesis of endometriosis in Brazilian women. This case‐control study's sample comprised 238 women with endometriosis and 201 healthy, fertile women without endometriosis (which was surgically confirmed). Genotyping was performed using the TaqMan system with a real‐time polymerase chain reaction; the genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies were then compared between groups. A single‐polymorphism analysis revealed that the TT genotype of the rs7574865/T > G polymorphism was significantly more frequent in women with minimal or mild endometriosis than in the controls (10% vs. 5%, p = 0.047). The CGAC, GTAT, and GTAC haplotypes were significantly more frequent in the women with endometriosis‐related infertility (5.8%, 4.1%, and 2.9%, respectively) than in the controls (2.4%, 1.1%, and 0.8%, respectively; p = 0.020, p = 0.011, and p = 0.032, respectively), but the GGGC and CTAT haplotypes were significantly more prevalent in the control group (34.7% and 13.9%, respectively) than among the infertile group (26.2% and 9.1%, respectively). In addition, the CGAC haplotype was more frequently found in those with minimal or mild endometriosis (6.8%) than in the controls (2.4%, p = 0.009), and the GTAT haplotype was more commonly found in those with moderate or severe disease (3.6%) than in the controls (1.1%, p = 0.028). These findings suggest that STAT4 polymorphisms can influence the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Classification of Prosopis juliflora invasion in the Lake Baringo basin and environmental correlations
Authors: Alvarez Miguel , Heller Gereon , Malombe Itambo , Matheka Kennedy W. , Choge Simon , Becker Mathias 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe spread of Prosopis juliflora in the Baringo basin, Kenya, has led to severe changes in the ecosystem with negative socio‐economic impacts. The drivers that foster the invasiveness of Prosopis are not fully understood. Thus, a method to quantify the degree of infestation will support the determination of environmental preferences and the risk assessment of future Prosopis invasion. We developed a methodology for characterising and classifying degrees of Prosopis infestation in vegetation stands and propose its application in environmental correlation models. The relative cover was identified as the most suited attribute for assessing and monitoring the invasion of Prosopis. The distance of invaded stands from original plantations and environmental attributes related to water availability (ground water table, rainfall and soil water–holding capacity) have potential to predict potential or future invasion risks.
Cardiac output monitoring with thermodilution pulse‐contour analysis vs. non‐invasive pulse‐contour analysis
Authors: Boisson M. , Poignard M. E. , Pontier B. , Mimoz O. , Debaene B. , Frasca D. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIntravenous fluid boluses guided by changes in stroke volume improve some outcomes after major surgery, but invasive measurments may limit use. From October 2016 to May 2018, we compared the agreement and trending ability of a photoplethysmographic device (Clearsight) with a PiCCO, calibrated by thermodilution, for haemodynamic variables in 20 adults undergoing major elective surgery. We analysed 4519 measurement pairs, including before and after 68 boluses of 250 ml crystalloid. The bias and precision of stroke volume measurement by Clearsight were −0.89 ± 4.78 ml compared with the invasive pulse‐contour cardiac output device. The coefficient of agreement for stroke volume variation after fluid boluses between the two devices was 0.79 (‘strong’). Fluid boluses that increased stroke volume by ≥ 10% increased mean absolute volume (SD) and mean percentage (SD) stroke volume measurements similarly for the invasive pulse‐contour cardiac output and Clearsight devices: 9 (4) ml vs. 8 (4) ml and 16% (8%) vs. 15% (10%), respectively, p > 0.05. The non‐invasive Clearsight pulse‐contour analysis was similar to an invasive pulse‐contour device in measuring absolute and changing stroke volumes during major surgery.