bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of mortality and cardiovascular complications due to COVID-19, RSV, and influenza in hospitalized children and young adults
Authors: Khanal Sagya , Khanal Bishes , Chou Fu-Sheng , Moon-Grady Anita J. , Ghimire Laxmi V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Respiratory viruses are linked to cardiovascular complications. We aim to compare cardiovascular complications due to COVID-19, influenza and RSV.

Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data from hospitalized children and young adults (≤ 20 years) from 2020 and 2021 using National Inpatient Sample (NIS). We included individuals hospitalized for COVID-19, RSV, and influenza, and weighted data were used to compare cardiovascular complications.

Results
Of 212,655 respiratory virus admissions, 85,055 were from COVID-19, 103,185 were from RSV, and 24,415 were from influenza. Myocarditis was higher in COVID-19 [0.9%, n = 740] as compared to influenza [0.2%, n = 55] and RSV [0.1%, n = 65]. In the adjusted logistic regression, the odds of myocarditis was 61% lower in influenza [aOR = 0.39 (0.20–0.76), P = 0.006], and 85% lower in RSV [aOR = 0.15 (0.07–0.34) P < 0.001] as compared to COVID-19. Bradyarrhythmias/heart block was higher in COVID-19 [0.8%, n = 690] versus influenza [0.5%, n = 110] and RSV [0.2%, n = 205]. After adjusting for confounders for bradyarrhythmias/heart block, compared to COVID-19, the odds were 49% lower in RSV [aOR = 0.51 (0.33–0.80), P = 0.004] but no statistically significant difference in influenza [aOR = 0.79 (0.48–1.31), P = 0.374] was seen. Tachyarrhythmias, sudden cardiac arrest, and in-hospital mortality showed no differences after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusion
Individuals with COVID-19 infection are more likely to develop cardiovascular complications compared to influenza and RSV, highlighting the need for higher index of suspicion and prompt treatment, as well as steps to limit infection and transmission of this virus in children.
Self-monitoring blood pressure in pregnancy: evaluation of women’s experiences of the BUMP trials
Authors: Chisholm Alison , Tucker Katherine L , Crawford Carole , Green Marcus , Greenfield Sheila , Hodgkinson James , Lavallee Layla , Leeson Paul , Mackillop Lucy , McCourt Christine , Sandall Jane , Wilson Hannah , Chappell Lucy C , McManus Richard J , Hinton Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of remote care, or telemedicine, in many clinical areas including maternity care. One component of remote care, the use of self-monitoring of blood pressure in pregnancy, could form a key component in post-pandemic care pathways. The BUMP trials evaluated a self-monitoring of blood pressure intervention in addition to usual care, testing whether it improved detection or control of hypertension for pregnant people at risk of hypertension or with hypertension during pregnancy. This paper reports the qualitative evaluation which aimed to understand how the intervention worked, the perspectives of participants in the trials, and, crucially, those who declined to participate.

Methods
The BUMP trials were conducted between November 2018 and May 2020. Thirty-nine in-depth qualitative interviews were carried out with a diverse sample of pregnant women invited to participate in the BUMP trials across five maternity units in England.

Results
Self-monitoring of blood pressure in the BUMP trials was reassuring, acceptable, and convenient and sometimes alerted women to raised BP. While empowering, taking a series of self-monitored readings also introduced uncertainty and new responsibility. Some declined to participate due to a range of concerns. In the intervention arm, the performance of the BUMP intervention may have been impacted by women’s selective or delayed reporting of raised readings and repeated testing in pursuit of normal BP readings. In the usual care arm, more women were already self-monitoring their blood pressure than expected.

Conclusions
The BUMP trials did not find that among pregnant individuals at higher risk of preeclampsia, blood pressure self-monitoring with telemonitoring led to significantly earlier clinic-based detection of hypertension nor improved management of blood pressure. The findings from this study help us understand the role that self-monitoring of blood pressure can play in maternity care pathways. As maternity services consider the balance between face-to-face and remote consultations in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, these findings contribute to the evidence base needed to identify optimal, effective, and equitable approaches to self-monitoring of blood pressure.
Estimating the link between service-user patient safety perceptions, incidents and subsequent contagion in acute mental health wards
Authors: Baker John , Kendal Sarah , Sturley Charlotte , Louch Gemma , Bojke Chris 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Safety incidents are common in adult acute inpatient mental health services, and detrimental to all. Incidents spread via social contagion within the ward, but social contagion is difficult to quantify. Better measures of social contagion could support a milieu in which safety incidents are less likely to be prolonged, spread, or repeated, with widespread benefits.
The WardSonar project, based in the United Kingdom (UK), developed and evaluated a prototype digital safety monitoring tool to collect real-time information from patients on acute adult mental health wards, about their perceptions of ward safety. A prototype Wardsonar tool was developed from a collaborative, co-design approach, and implemented in real-world hospital settings. The current study aimed to understand whether the tool can help to predict incidents, by examining (i) the feasibility of capturing real-time feedback from patients about safety and (ii) how the resulting data related to quality and safety metrics.
This study was registered as ISRCTN14470430 on 10/January/2022.

Method
Patients can record real-time perceptions of ward safety using the tool, and staff can access these as anonymous, aggregated data. The tool was implemented in the UK in six National Health Service adult acute mental health wards. A novel approach to analysis involved construction of an hour-by-hour dataset over each ward. This revealed relationships between quantity and content of patient reports, staffing, time of day, and ward incidents, per ward.

Results
There is strong evidence that an incident leads to increased probability of further incidents within the next four hours. This supports the idea of social/behavioural contagion and puts a measure on the extent to which the contagion persists. COVID-19 impacted the research processes.

Conclusions
There is potential to use the WardSonar digital tool for proactive real-time safety monitoring, to identify developing incidents and help staff to facilitate timely preventative or de-escalating interventions. Further refinement and testing in a post COVID-19 context are needed.

Trial registration
ISRCTN14470430 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN14470430. Registered 10/January/2022.
Web discussions on cardiovascular diseases: pre-COVID-19 evaluation and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic – Web listening analysis in the Italian population
Authors: Cecchini Isabella , Biroli Matteo , Massaroni Katia , Folco Emanuela , Montebelli Maria Rita , Ciancamerla Giuseppe , Giudice Daniela , Pedretti Roberto Franco Enrico , Magni Paolo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Web discussions on health issues are becoming very relevant in the general public. In this context, little information is available regarding cardiovascular diseases, which remain the first cause of morbidity, disability and mortality worldwide. The central objective of the study was to conduct a Web listening analysis on discussions about cardiovascular diseases in Italy, comparing the data relative to the 2-year pre-COVID-19 pandemic period with those collected during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown (March-July 2020), with quantification of conversations on cardiovascular disease and Web-based discussions and specific evaluation of COVID-19 lockdown impact.

Methods
A retrospective Web listening analysis using publicly available data was conducted, using validated methods that allow to estimate cardiovascular disease awareness. Digital sources were identified to retrieve data (Italian language), relevant to cardiovascular disease topics. Data were analysed by Google Trends methodology and the Digital Intelligence Platform Brandwatch. Natural Language Processing algorithms enabled comparative analysis, topic detection, classification, leading to a 279,790-item dataset.

Results
News channels and Twitter were the most important platforms feeding cardiovascular disease information. Facebook was mostly relevant for information sharing. In the pre-COVID-19 period, cardiovascular disease ranked 5th among main health issues (vaccines, tumors, influenza, diabetes) on the Web, and the most discussed cardiovascular disease themes were symptoms/diagnosis (34%), treatments (20%), disease causes/triggers (11%), disease information (9%), quality of life (8%). Conversations on cardiovascular disease prevention were marginal (5%). The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown strongly impacted on discussed topics; novel themes emerged: hospitalization, death risk/occurrence, greater cardiovascular disease risk. Discussions on cardiovascular disease prevention remained marginal (4%). COVID-19 pandemic increased fear of severe COVID-19 among patients with cardiovascular disease and worsened quality of relationship/contact with physicians.

Conclusions
A limited awareness of cardiovascular disease and their prevention was observed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients/caregivers need more information and contact with physicians, as it emerged during COVID-19 pandemic. It is urgent to promote novel prevention strategies and to engage people leveraging digital channels and social media.

Graphical Abstract
Determinants of life satisfaction in adolescents with congenital or acquired heart disease: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: El-Chouli Mohamad , Jørgensen Sidsel Marie Bernt , Christensen Daniel Mølager , Drachmann Isabella , Sehested Thomas Steen Gyldenstierne , Malmborg Morten Winther , Chamat-Hedemand Sandra , Sindet-Pedersen Caroline , Idorn Lars , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Gerds Thomas Alexander , Michelsen Susan Ishøy , Johnsen Nina Føns 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
We aimed to investigate how self-reported physical and cognitive limitations (challenges), self-efficacy, and social support interacted with life satisfaction in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) or acquired heart disease, among whom life satisfaction may be impaired.

Methods
“Adolescence with Heart Disease” was a cross-sectional, nationwide survey of patients with CHD or early acquired heart disease aged 15–25. Structural equation modeling was used to test the implied latent variable mediation model between the main outcome of interest (life satisfaction) and challenges, social support, and self-efficacy. The correlation factors between life satisfaction and the latent variables with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results
A total of 1691 patients were included: 72% had CHD, 52% were females, the median age at response was 20 years [interquartile range: 18;23], and 69% reported high life satisfaction. In the univariate models, high life satisfaction was significantly associated with low challenges (-0.5 [CI: -0.6;-0.5]), high self-efficacy (0.8 [CI: 0.7; 0.8]), and high social support (0.4 [CI: 0.3; 0.5]). In the multivariate model, only self-efficacy remained significantly associated with life satisfaction (0.8 [CI: 0.7; 0.9]). Furthermore, there was a significant negative covariance between challenges and both self-efficacy (-0.67) and social support (-0.4), while the two latter variables had a positive covariance (0.55).

Conclusions
In adolescents with heart disease, high life satisfaction was associated with high levels of self-efficacy. High levels of self-efficacy and social support attenuated the association between physical and cognitive challenges and life satisfaction. In this group that may face higher challenges than their peers, future interventions should aim to increase their self-efficacy to improve their life satisfaction, potentially through promoting social support.
The use of intervention mapping to guide the development of a school-based intervention to improve emergency medical services activation for stroke
Authors: Volevach Ekaterina , Schneider Francine , Maršálková Hana , Mikulik Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
If carried out correctly and without delay, activation of emergency services by stroke bystanders could improve mortality and disability from stroke. This paper describes the development of a school-based intervention using the Intervention Mapping approach. It aims to improve the appropriate activation of emergency medical services for suspected stroke by 12-15-year-old children.

Methods
The development of the intervention was guided by Intervention Mapping approach. The logic model of the problem was created through analysis of the existing literature and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders. Based on these findings, performance objectives and their determinants were determined and matched to create a model for changing emergency medical services activation behavior. Behavior change methods and their practical applications were then determined. Based on them, intervention messages and materials were designed, the intervention was drafted, pretested, and finalized.

Results
It was found that the main performance objectives for the activation of emergency medical services were (1) recognizing symptoms, (2) communicating with the victim, and (3) calling an ambulance immediately. Their main determinants were knowledge, social influence, risk perception, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and skills. Determinants were then matched with performance objectives to create the matrices of requested behavior changes. The following change methods were chosen: modeling, elaboration, belief selection, providing cues, scenario-based risk information, and cultural similarity. Methods were translated into practical applications in the form of a short educational film. The production company created, pretested, and finalized the film. As a result, a 5-minute entertainment-education video was created modeling an acute stroke with a child as the main bystander.

Conclusion
The Intervention Mapping approach guided the development of a school-based program to improve Emergency medical services activation in stroke by 12–15 year old children. Our process and approach can serve as a model for researchers and health promotion professionals aiming to improve help-seeking behavior for stroke to improve stroke help-seeking behavior as well as other acute diseases.
Remineralization and anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic adhesives on enamel surrounding orthodontic brackets: a systematic review of in vitro studies
Authors: Hamdi Kareem , Elsebaai Ahmed , Abdelshafi Mostafa A. , Hamama Hamdi H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective
White spot lesions are initial sign of enamel caries that compromise esthetic appearance following orthodontic treatment. Thus, the systematic review was conducted to evaluate the remineralization potential of orthodontic adhesives on early-enamel lesions surrounding orthodontic bracket.

Methods
Search strategy was performed through three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus). A total number of 1712 studies were identified for being potentially relevant, 62 among them were further assessed. Finally, 24 studies were included in this systematic review after adopting the eligibility criteria. The methodologies used to assess enamel remineralization were micro-computed tomography, cross-sectional microhardness, and polarized light microscopy for evaluating remineralization extent; surface microhardness, color change, and laser-induced fluorescence for evaluating superficial surface mineralization; Fourier Transform InfraRed, and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy technique for chemical characterization.

Results
Bioactive glass (BAG), nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP), nano-amorphous calcium phosphate (n-ACP), nano-calcium fluoride (n-CaF2), fluorinated amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (AFCP), and ammonium-based methacrylate monomer were incorporated into orthodontic adhesives. Seven out of the 24 included studies utilized commercially available orthodontic adhesives. While the remaining studies utilized experimental bioactive adhesives; 13 studies evaluated adhesives containing (BAG), two studies evaluated adhesives containing (n-ACP), one study evaluated adhesives containing (AFCP), and one study evaluated adhesives containing (n-HAP). Orthodontic adhesives containing the previously mentioned additives showed significant remineralization power compared to control group. Majority of studies that evaluated bioactive-based orthodontic adhesives revealed significant remineralization effect in comparison with their corresponding control groups. Out of 24 studies, 8 have assessed ion-release. However, few numbers of included studies evaluated the ion-release peak values. The output of most studies reported a significant increase of ion-release over time. Only one study reported a mark decrease of calcium and phosphate ions after 72 h. Following the high risk of bias in the majority of studies, and lack of standard evaluation protocol, meta-analysis was not conducted.

Conclusion
The outcome of the included studies supports the effectiveness of incorporation of remineralizing agents into orthodontic adhesives.
Engrailed-2 and inflammation convergently and independently impinge on cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation
Authors: Bahaaeldin Mohammed , Bülte Carolin , Luelsberg Fabienne , Kumar Sujeet , Kappler Joachim , Völker Christof , Schilling Karl , Baader Stephan L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a complex pathogenesis thought to include both genetic and extrinsic factors. Among the latter, inflammation of the developing brain has recently gained growing attention. However, how genetic predisposition and inflammation might converge to precipitate autistic behavior remains elusive. Cerebellar structure and function are well known to be affected in autism. We therefore used cerebellar slice cultures to probe whether inflammatory stimulation and (over)expression of the autism susceptibility gene Engrailed-2 interact in shaping differentiation of Purkinje cells, key organizers of cerebellar histogenesis and function. We show that lipopolysaccharide treatment reduces Purkinje cell dendritogenesis and that this effect is enhanced by over-expression of Engrailed-2 in these cells. The effects of lipopolysaccharide can be blocked by inhibiting microglia proliferation and also by blocking tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor signaling, suggesting microglia and tumor necrosis factor alpha are major players in this scenario. These findings identify Purkinje cells as a potential integrator of genetic and environmental signals that lead to an autism-associated morphology.
Women’s exposure to commercial milk formula marketing: a WHO multi-country market research study
Authors: Horwood Christiane , Mapumulo Sphindile , Haskins Lyn , Doherty Tanya , Kingston Gillian , Rollins Nigel ,   the World Health Organization (WHO) multi-country study group
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Marketing of commercial milk formula (CMF) is well resourced and has influenced societal beliefs and practices that have undermined breastfeeding. This has occurred despite legislation in many countries largely reflecting the provisions of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in seven countries: Bangladesh, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, United Kingdom and Viet Nam to explore the scope and nature of CMF marketing among pregnant women and mothers. A marketing-research methodology was adopted using convenience sampling of women stratified according to infant feeding practices and the infant’s age.
Participants were identified in hospitals and clinics, as well as in the street, markets and shopping malls. In each country the sample size comprised 300 pregnant women, 150 mothers of children aged > 18 months who were breastfeeding without giving CMF and 600 women feeding their children with CMF. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered on tablets by trained field workers.

Results
Interviews were conducted with 8528 women between October 2019 and March 2021. Overall, 3095/7480 (41.3%) of women reported exposure to CMF marketing ranging from 3% in Morocco to 92% in Viet Nam. The commonest marketing site in all countries was television, but advertising in-store and in magazines and newspapers was also common. In most countries, CMF advertising on social media, websites and YouTube was less compared to traditional media. Reports of receiving free CMF samples varied from 3.1% in Nigeria to 34.6% in Viet Nam. Health professionals were the most common source of advice to mothers about starting CMF and which CMF brand to use.

Conclusions
The study provides quantitative data about CMF marketing and insights on how marketing companies develop effective messages, helping to explain how individual vulnerabilities or aspirations are integrated into marketing strategies. The findings reaffirm the need for action across political and health domains to counter actions of CMF companies. This will require effective national legislation fully reflecting the Code and action by professional bodies to protect health professionals from targeting by CMF marketing. Marketing-research methods could be employed to develop messaging in support of breastfeeding and breastfeeding-friendly policies.
Differential effects of leptin on energy metabolism in murine cell models of metastatic triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Yum Chaehyun , Andolino Chaylen , Layosa Marjorie Anne , Coleman Michael , Hursting Stephen D. , Teegarden Dorothy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Leptin, an energy balance regulator secreted by adipocytes, increases metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. The impact on cancer cell metabolism remains unclear given that most studies of leptin and breast cancer cell metabolism utilize supraphysiological glucose concentrations.

Methods
Using two murine models of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) differing in genetic alterations (4T1: p53 and Pik3ca mutations; metM-Wntlung: increased Wnt signaling) and cultured in physiological (5 mM) glucose media, we tested the hypothesis that leptin increases migration of metastatic breast cancer cells through regulation of glucose metabolism.

Results
Our results showed that leptin treatment, compared with vehicle, increased cell migration in each cell line, with decreased leptin receptor (Ob-R) mRNA expression in 4T1, but not metM-Wntlung, cells. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was activated in 4T1 with leptin treatment but decreased in metM-Wntlung. Leptin decreased fatty acid synthase (Fasn) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt1a) mRNA expression in 4T1 cells but increased their expression in metM-Wntlung cells. Fatty acid oxidation was not necessary for leptin-induced migration in either cell line. Leptin increased palmitate synthesis from glucose in metM-Wntlung, but not 4T1 cells. Moreover, although leptin increased glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) mRNA expression in both cell lines and inhibition of glycolysis blocked leptin-induced migration in metM-Wntlung, but not 4T1 cells.

Conclusion
Taken together, these results demonstrate that at physiological glucose concentrations, leptin increases migration of 4T1 and metM-Wntlung cells via shared and distinct effects on energy metabolism, suggesting that the type of TNBC genetic alteration plays a role in differential metabolic regulation of leptin-induced migration.