bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between the Quality of Work and Organizational Commitment of Prison Nurses
Authors: KARAASLAN Ayfer , ASLAN Manar 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
Nurses working in prisons are exposed to security problems while serving those who may be uninterested in their own healthcare, face high risks of drug and alcohol addiction, and may have aggressive personalities. For this reason, nurses working in prisons may have more problems with work-related quality of life than their non-prison-nurse peers.

Purpose:
This descriptive research study was conducted to evaluate the work-related quality of life and organizational commitment of nurses who work at prisons and detention centers.

Methods:
According to 2015 data, approximately 513 nurses currently work in prisons in Turkey. The study group consisted of 224 nurses who currently work in prisons or detention centers. The data were collected by sending a created link address to the e-mail addresses of nurses who work in these facilities. A 13-item sociodemographic information form, including a demographics datasheet, a work-related quality of life scale, and an organizational commitment scale, was used to collect data.

Results:
The participants reported a moderate level of work-related quality of life and organizational commitment. Moreover, work-related quality of life was shown to affect organizational commitment, with 20% of the total variance in organizational commitment explained by work-related quality of life.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
This study supports that work-related quality of life affects organizational commitment positively. Therefore, regulating working conditions by taking into consideration employee security will positively affect job satisfaction in terms of both the institution and the employee. Moreover, as nurses do not only work in hospitals, taking this action should also work in different settings. Administrators should ensure the work-related quality of life of the prison nurses by understanding the difficulties of prison nursing.
Cervical Cancer Incidence Among Elderly Women in Massachusetts Compared With Younger Women
Authors: Feldman Sarah , Cook Erin , Davis Michelle , Gershman Susan T. , Hanchate Amresh , Haas Jennifer S. , Perkins Rebecca B. 
Published: September 2018

Importance
Current cancer screening guidelines recommend cessation of cervical cancer screening at the age of 65 years for most women. To examine residual risk among elderly women, we compared cervical cancer incidence rates (IRs) in Massachusetts from 2004 to 2015 among women younger than 65 years versus 65 years and older.

Materials and Methods
The Massachusetts Cancer Registry was used to identify all women diagnosed with cervical cancer between January 01, 2004, to December 31, 2015. Cancer incidence was calculated based on age of diagnosis (<65 years vs ≥65 years).

Results
In Massachusetts, 2,418 incident cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed from 2004 to 2014, of which 571 (23.6%) were diagnosed among women 65 years and older. When compared with women diagnosed younger than 65 years, women diagnosed at the age of 65 years and older were more likely to be diagnosed with stage II or higher (71.8% vs 43.8%, p < .001). Cervical cancer IRs decreased annually for women younger than 65 years from 2004 to 2015. Among women 65 years and older, cancer IRs decreased by 3.9% annually from 2004 to 2013 (p = .0009), but 2013 to 2015 showed an increasing trend (annual percent change + 14.1%, p = .12).

Conclusions and Relevance
Women 65 years and older account for one quarter of cervical cancer diagnoses in Massachusetts and present with higher-stage disease than younger women. Upcoming planned revisions in screening and prevention guidelines should address the continued risk of cervical cancer for older women.
Human Papillomavirus Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Prevalence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Monrovia, Liberia
Authors: Lieber Molly , Reynolds Christopher W. , Lieb Whitney , McGill Stephen , Beddoe Ann Marie 
Published: September 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence, knowledge, attitudes, and practices, among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Monrovia, Liberia.

Materials and Method
This cross-sectional study was conducted with 107 MSM, aged 18 to 58 years, completing questionnaires and anal HPV screenings. Using peer-educators and direct community involvement, demographics, risk factors, and HPV knowledge data were collected.

Results
Forty-eight participants (45%) were HPV positive and 21 participants (19.6%) self-identified as HIV positive. When examining HPV risk factors, 22 participants reported first sexual experience before the age of 15 years. Approximately half of participants (n = 58, 54.2%) have receptive anal sex and 40 (37.4%) reported more than 20 lifetime sexual partners. Eight participants (7.5%) had no formal education and 80 (74.8%) were not formally employed. Two-thirds of participants (64%) had never heard of HPV. Education was not significantly correlated with HPV knowledge. χ2 tests of independence were performed, and the relation between oral and anal sex and HPV knowledge was significant (χ2 (1) = 5.08, p < .05; χ2 (1) = 4.18, p < .05), respectively, such that those who engaged in oral and anal sex had lower levels of HPV knowledge.

Conclusions
Among the MSM population, HPV prevalence is high, as are high-risk practices. Participants lack HPV knowledge, independent of educational achievement, and are eager to receive educational information. Future studies should focus on identifying additional risk factors and implementing public health educational interventions.
An Investigation of Pressure Profiles and Wearer Comfort During Walking With a Transtibial Hydrocast Socket
Authors: Laing Sheridan , Lythgo Noel , Lavranos Jim , Lee Peter Vee Sin 
Published: September 2018

Objective
The aims of the study were to conduct an investigation of the transtibial hydrocast socket interface pressures during walking and to explore potential relationships between pressures experienced and resultant wearer comfort.

Design
In this cross-sectional study, pressure data at the limb and hydrocast socket interface during walking were collected from 16 users of hydrocast sockets. The pressures at this interface were described by location, magnitude, and duration for all participants and were compared between the most and least comfortable participants.

Results
High pressures were found about the bony prominences of the residual limb, especially the tibial crest of the anterior distal region. Factors identified as potentially causing discomfort (P < 0.1, d > 0.80) were high peak pressures at the anterior proximal region and longer durations of submaximal loading at the lateral proximal region and the anterior and medial distal regions. High pressure variability at the anterior proximal region may also contribute to discomfort (P = 0.106, d = 0.88).

Conclusions
The hydrocast socket interface pressures have been described for a cohort of users. A number of differences were found in the pressure profiles of the most and least comfortable participants. These differences suggest trends between the identified pressure parameters and resultant wearer comfort. Future studies should confirm these exploratory results.
Advancing HIV Biomedical Prevention Research for At-Risk Adolescents
Authors: Kapogiannis Bill G. , Nelson Robert M. , Siberry George K. , Lee Sonia , Hazra Rohan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract:
Despite significant additions to the HIV prevention toolbox, infection rates across the United States continue to rise among vulnerable adolescents and young adults. Access to these interventions by youth at risk for HIV is limited by the lack of data about their safety and use, compounding the myriad contextual barriers to effectively preventing HIV in this group. The NIH-funded Adolescent Trials Network implemented an innovative approach to the inclusion of adolescents at risk for HIV infection who consented for their own participation in the first adolescent study of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This model of mature minor consent was supported by state-based adolescent treatment statutes that extend an adolescent's ability to consent to participation in research with a sufficient prospect of clinical benefit from the intervention to justify the potential risks, and a balance of benefits and risks that is at least as favorable as available evidence-based alternatives. Important data on the safety and patterns of PrEP use by at-risk adolescents prompted the FDA to revise the label. The expanded indication of PrEP for HIV prevention in adolescents is hoped to inform clinical guidelines and provides a powerful tool to reduce new infections in the United States among vulnerable at-risk adolescents. Lessons learned from this years-long iterative endeavor have implications for improving access to the rapidly evolving landscape of HIV prevention modalities, including recently implemented studies of long-acting PrEP formulations designed to reduce the burden of daily adherence required by oral PrEP, a major clinical pitfall for adolescent clinicians and their patients.
Impact of Patient–Provider Attachment on Hospital Readmissions Among People Living With HIV: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Parent Stephanie , Barrios Rolando , Nosyk Bohdan , Ye Monica , Bacani Nicanor , Panagiotoglou Dimitra , Montaner Julio , Ti Lianping ,   on behalf of the STOP HIV/AIDS in BC Study Group
Published: September 2018

Background:Hospital readmission 30 days after discharge is associated with adverse health outcomes, and people living with HIV (PLWH) experience elevated rates of hospital readmission. Although continuity of care with a health care provider is associated with lower rates of 30-day readmission among the general population, little is known about this relationship among PLWH. The objective of this study is to examine whether engaging with the same provider, defined as patient–provider attachment, is associated with 30-day readmission for this population.Setting:Data were derived from the Seek and Treat for Optimal Prevention of HIV in British Columbia cohort.Methods:Using generalized estimating equation with a logit link function, we examined the association between patient–provider attachment and 30-day hospital readmission. We determined whether readmission was due to all cause or to a similar cause as the index admission.Results:Seven thousand thirteen PLWH were hospitalized during the study period. Nine hundred twenty-one (13.1%) were readmitted to hospital for all cause and 564 (8.0%) for the similar cause as the index admission. Patient–provider attachment was negatively associated with 30-day readmission for all causes (adjusted odds ratio = 0.85, confidence interval = 0.83 to 0.86). A second multivariable model indicated that patient–provider attachment was also negatively associated with 30-day readmission for a similar cause (adjusted odds ratio = 0.86, confidence interval = 0.84 to 0.88).Conclusions:Our results indicate that a higher proportion of patient–provider attachment was negatively associated with 30-day hospital readmission among PLWH. Our study findings support the adoption of interventions that seek to build patient–provider relationships to optimize outcomes for PLWH and enhance health care sustainability.
Impact of Partner-Related Social Harms on Women's Adherence to the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring During a Phase III Trial
Authors: Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Roberts Sarah T. , Reddy Krishnaveni , Govender Vaneshree , Naidoo Logashvari , Siva Samantha , Gafoor Zakir , Pather Arendevi , Matovu Flavia , Hlahla Kudzai , Makanani Bonus , Nair Gonasagrie , Schwartz Katie , Torjesen Kristine , Brown Elizabeth , Soto-Torres Lydia , Baeten Jared , Montgomery Elizabeth T. ,   on behalf of the MTN-020/ASPIRE Team
Published: September 2018

Background:
Long-acting female-initiated methods such as the dapivirine ring may give women greater agency in HIV-1 prevention. However, social harms, defined as nonmedical adverse consequences of study participation or dapivirine ring use, may reduce product adherence and consequently HIV-1 protection.

Methods:
We assessed whether experiencing social harms from male partners was associated with lower adherence to the dapivirine ring in the MTN-020/ASPIRE trial. Reports of social harms were solicited quarterly. Low adherence was defined by plasma dapivirine levels ≤95 pg/mL or residual dapivirine levels in returned rings >23.5 mg.

Results:
Among 2629 women enrolled in ASPIRE, 85 (3.2%) reported 87 social harms during a median follow-up of 1.6 years. Women were significantly more likely to have low adherence, measured by plasma dapivirine levels, at visits with a social harm in the past month than at visits where no social harm was reported (adjusted risk ratio 2.53, 95% confidence interval: 1.37 to 4.66, P = 0.003). There was no association for social harms reported ≥1 month prior, suggesting an acute, short-term effect. Women were significantly more likely to not return a ring at visits with a social harm reported (adjusted risk ratio 24.70, 95% confidence interval: 18.57 to 32.85, P < 0.001). In rings that were returned, social harms were not associated with residual dapivirine levels.

Conclusions:
Although social harms were uncommon (<5% of women with >1 year of use), participants reporting social harms by male partners had lower adherence to the dapivirine ring. Strategies to mitigate nonadherence to product use related to social harms should be evaluated in future studies of female-controlled HIV-1 prevention options.
Brief Report: PrEPTECH: A Telehealth-Based Initiation Program for HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Young Men of Color Who Have Sex With Men. A Pilot Study of Feasibility
Authors: Refugio Oliver N. , Kimble Mabel M. , Silva Cara L. , Lykens James E. , Bannister Christian , Klausner Jeffrey D. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
In the United States, young men who have sex with men (YMSM) of color represent a high number of new HIV diagnoses annually. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective and acceptable to YMSM of color; yet, PrEP uptake is low in those communities because of barriers including stigma, cost, adherence concerns, and medical distrust. A telehealth-based approach to PrEP initiation may be a solution to those barriers. This pilot study investigates one such intervention called PrEPTECH.

Methods:
We enrolled 25 HIV-uninfected YMSM, aged 18–25 years, from the San Francisco Bay Area into a 180-day longitudinal study between November 2016 and May 2017. Participants received cost-free PrEP services through telehealth [eg, telemedicine visits, home delivery of Truvada, and sexually transmitted infection testing kits], except for 2 laboratory visits. Online survey assessments querying PrEPTECH features and experiences were administered to participants at 90 and 180 days.

Results:
Eighty-four percent of participants were YMSM of color. Among the 21 who completed the study, 11 of the 16 who wanted to continue PrEP were transitioned to sustainable PrEP providers. At least 75% felt that PrEPTECH was confidential, fast, convenient, and easy to use. Less than 15% personally experienced PrEP stigma during the study. The median time to PrEP initiation was 46 days. Sexually transmitted infection positivity was 20% and 19% at baseline and 90 days, respectively. No HIV infections were detected.

Conclusions:
Telehealth programs such as PrEPTECH increase PrEP access for YMSM of color by eliminating barriers inherent in traditional clinic-based models.
Where Have All the Patients Gone? Profile of US Adults Who Report Doctor-Diagnosed Arthritis But Are Not Being Treated
Authors: Theis Kristina A. , Brady Teresa J. , Sacks Jeffrey J. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPatients only benefit from clinical management of arthritis if they are under the care of a physician or other health professional.ObjectivesWe profiled adults who reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis who are not currently being treated for it to understand better who they are.MethodsIndividuals with no current treatment (NCT) were identified by “no” to “Are you currently being treated by a doctor or other health professional for arthritis or joint symptoms?” Demographics, current symptoms, physical functioning, arthritis limitations and interference in life activities, and level of agreement with treatment and attitude statements were assessed in this cross-sectional, descriptive study of noninstitutionalized US adults aged 45 years or older with self-reported, doctor-diagnosed arthritis (n = 1793).ResultsMore than half of the study population, 52%, reported NCT (n = 920). Of those with NCT, 27% reported fair/poor health, 40% reported being limited by their arthritis, 51% had daily arthritis pain, 59% reported 2 or more symptomatic joints, and 19% reported the lowest third of physical functioning. Despite NCT, 83% with NCT agreed or strongly agreed with the importance of seeing a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.ConclusionsGreater than half of those aged 45 years or older with arthritis were not currently being treated for it, substantial proportions of whom experienced severe symptoms and poor physical function and may benefit from clinical management and guidance, complemented by community-delivered public health interventions (self-management education, physical activity). Further research to understand the reasons for NCT may identify promising intervention points to address missed treatment opportunities and improve quality of life and functioning.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: cross-sectional study
Authors: Najirad Mohammadamin , Ma Mang Shin , Rauch Frank , Sutton Vernon Reid , Lee Brendan , Retrouvey Jean-Marc ,   Members of the BBD, Esfandiari Shahrokh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) affects dental and craniofacial development and may therefore impair Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). However, little is known about OHRQoL in children and adolescents with OI. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of OI severity on oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents.MethodsChildren and adolescents aged 8-14 years were recruited in the context of a multicenter longitudinal study (Brittle Bone Disease Consortium) that enrolls individuals with OI in 10 centers across North America. OHRQoL was assessed using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) versions for 8 to 10-year-olds (CPQ8-10) and for 11 to 14-year-olds (CPQ11-14).ResultsA total of 138 children and adolescents (62% girls) diagnosed with OI types I, III, IV, V and VI (n=65, 30, 37, 4 and 2, respectively) participated in the study. CPQ8-10scores were similar between OI types in children aged 8 to 10 years. In the 11 to 14-year-old group, CPQ11-14-scores were significantly higher (i.e. worse) for OI types III (24.7 [SD 12.5]) and IV (23.1 [SD 14.8]) than for OI type I (16.5 [SD 12.8]) (P<0.05). The difference between OI types was due to the association between OI types and the functional limitations domain, as OI types III and IV were associated with significantly higher grade of functional limitations compared to OI type I.ConclusionThe severity of OI impacts OHRQoL in adolescents aged 11 to 14 years, but not in children age 8 to 10 years.
Rifampicin and rifabutin resistance in 1000 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates
Authors: Farhat Maha R , Sixsmith Jaimie , Calderon Roger , Hicks Nathan , Fortune Sarah , Murray Megan 
Published: September 2018

SynopsisDrug resistant tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health challenge with limited treatment options and high associated mortality. Rifamycins are among the most potent anti-TB drugs, and the loss of susceptibility to these agents, a hallmark of MDR TB, is considered a substantial therapeutic challenge. Rifamycins are known to target the RpoB subunit of RNA polymerase; however, our understanding of how rifamycin resistance is genetically encoded remains incomplete. Here we investigated rpoB genetic diversity and cross resistance between the two rifamycin drugs rifampicin (RIF) and rifabutin (RFB). We performed whole genome sequencing of 1005 MTB clinical isolates and measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to both agents on 7H10 agar using the indirect proportion method. Of the 1005 isolates, 767 were RIF resistant, and of these, 211 (27%) were sensitive to RFB at the critical concentration of 0.5ug/ml; 101/211 isolates had the rpoB mutation D435V (E.coli D516V). Isolates with discrepant resistance (RIF R and RFB S) 16.9 times more likely to harbor a D435V mutation as those resistant to both agents (OR 95% CI 10.5-27.9, P-value <10-40). To further understand this discrepancy, we generated both D435V and S450L (E.coli S531L) rpoB mutants in a laboratory strain and measured their antibiotic susceptibility using the alamar blue reduction assay. Compared with wildtype, D435V increased the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) to both RIF and RFB, however in both cases to a lesser degree than the S450L mutation. The observation that the rpoB D435V mutation produces an increase in the IC50 for both drugs contrasts with findings from previous smaller studies that suggested that isolates with D435V mutation remain RFB susceptible despite being RIF resistant. Our finding thus suggests that the recommended critical testing concentration for RFB should be revised.
Molecular changes during extended neoadjuvant letrozole treatment of breast cancer: distinguishing acquired resistance from dormant tumours
Authors: Selli Cigdem , Turnbull Arran K. , Pearce Dominic A. , Li Ang , Fernando Anu , Wills Jimi , Renshaw Lorna , Thomas Jeremy S. , Dixon J. Michael , Sims Andrew H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of recurrence for endocrine-treated breast cancer patients persists for many years or even decades following surgery and apparently successful adjuvant therapy. This period of dormancy and acquired resistance is inherently difficult to investigate, previous efforts have been limited toin vitroorin vivoapproaches. In this study, sequential tumour samples from patients receiving extended neoadjuvant endocrine treatment were characterised as a novel clinical model.MethodsConsecutive tumour samples from 62 patients undergoing extended (4-45 months) neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, therapy were subjected to transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, representing before (≤0), early-on (13-120 days) and long-term (>120 days) neoadjuvant letrozole treatment. Patients with at least a 40% initial reduction in tumour size by 4 months of treatment were included. Of these, 42 patients with no subsequent progression were classified as “dormant”, and the remaining 20 patients as “acquired resistant”.ResultsChanges in gene expression in dormant tumours begin early and become more pronounced at later timepoints. Therapy-induced changes in resistant tumours were common features of treatment, rather than being specific to resistant phenotype. Comparative analysis of long-term treated dormant and resistant tumours highlighted changes in epigenetics pathways including DNA methylation and histone acetylation. DNA methylation marks 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine were significantly reduced in resistant tumours compared to dormant tissues after extended letrozole treatment.ConclusionsThis is the first patient-matched gene expression study investigating long-term aromatase inhibitor-induced dormancy and acquired resistance in breast cancer. Dormant tumours continue to change during treatment whereas acquired resistant tumours more closely resemble their diagnostic samples. Global loss of DNA methylation was observed in resistant tumours under extended treatment. Epigenetic alterations may lead to escape from dormancy and drive acquired resistance in a subset of patients supporting a potential role for therapy targeted at these epigenetic alterations in the management of endocrine resistant breast cancer.