bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional and nutraceutical properties of pumpkin – a review
Authors: Kaur Simran , Panghal Anil , Garg M.K. , Mann Sandeep , Khatkar Sunil K. , Sharma Poorva , Chhikara Navnidhi 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the nutritional and food value of pumpkinCucurbita, along with different health benefits.Cucurbita(pumpkin) is an herbaceous vine, member of Cucurbitaceae family. It is an edible, heat-sensitive plant, which has an abundant amount of active compounds such as carotenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, tocopherols, phytosterols and cucurbitacin, accounted for numerous health benefits, namely, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, hypotensive, hyper protective activities.Design/methodology/approachMajor well-known bibliometric information sources such as Web of Science, Scopus, Mendeley and Google Scholar were searched with keywords such as nutrition value ofCucurbita,Cucurbitautilization, bioactive compounds of pumpkin, health benefits, processing, food formulations and current scenarios were chosen to obtain a large range of papers to be analyzed. A final inventory of 105 scientific sources was made after sorting and classifying them according to different criteria based on topic, academic field, country of origin and year of publication.FindingsThe comprehensive review of different literature, data sources and research papers seeks to find and discuss various nutritional benefits of pumpkin. It contains all necessary macro- and micro-nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, antioxidants and bioactive compounds with a relatively low amount of antinutrients. The recent upsurge in consumer interest for health-promoting products has opened up new vistas for plant products containing bioactive compounds in different food formulations.Originality/valueThis paper contains information regarding the chemical composition, nutritive value, phytochemical studies, pharmacological properties, bio-accessibility, food and industrial applications of pumpkin. Worldwide, pumpkin is used as food additive in various food products such as candy, weaning mix, corn grits, kheer, jam, crackers, bread, etc. Effect of different processing methods such as high temperature, pH, blanching, oven drying, freeze-drying to retain or minimize its losses in case of color, texture, flavor, and the carotenoids are of concern. The review paper highlights the nutritional, therapeutic, potential and processing attributes.
The effect of acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) intake on the atherosclerosis inflammatory mediators (sCD40L e CCL5) in apparently healthy women
Authors: de Freitas Castro Thalles , Fátima Gomes Simone , Cacilda dos Santos Silva Fernanda , Pereira de Oliveira Fernando Luiz , Ferreira do Amaral Joana , Dória Ribeiro de Andrade Previato Helena , Nascimento de Freitas Renata , Pinheiro Volp Ana Carolina 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of acai pulp consumption on biometric parameters and inflammatory biomarkers (sCD40L, CCL5, TNF-a and CRP) in apparently healthy women.

Design/methodology/approach
Nutritional intervention was performed with women who consumed 200 g of acai pulp daily during 30 consecutive days. Firstly, they were divided into two groups: normal weight and overweight related to BMI. Then, such volunteers were subdivided into other two groups according to values below or above the median of sCD40L.

Findings
sCD40L (ρg/mL) concentrations increased in overweight volunteers post-consumption of acai (964 ± 542) compared with the same volunteers pre-consumption of acai (633 ± 187, p = 0.03), and the CCL5 concentrations (ρg/mL) decreased in volunteers with sCD40L concentrations below median after the treatment (4.1 ± 1.5) when compared in same volunteers before the treatment (5.8 ± 1.8, p = 0.02). Protein consumption (g) reduced in volunteers with sCD40L concentrations below median after the intervention (96.6 ± 44.5), when compared before the intervention (96.7 ± 33.8, p = 0.03).

Originality/value
This paper concluded that the acai consumption can modulate the inflammatory profile in both stratified volunteers according to the BMI and the sCD40L marker median.
Financial Development, Foreign Banks and Economic Growth in Africa
Authors: El Menyari Younesse 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aims to examine and analyze the impact of financial development and foreign bank penetration on African economies. An empirical study for the period 1995–2015 is conducted using the system GMM estimator. Our empirical results indicate that foreign bank entry has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the countries of North and Southern Africa, while in the other two regions considered in this study (West and Central Africa, East Africa) the impact is negative and rarely significant. In addition, our results show that the development of financial markets has a positive and significant effect on economic growth only in the Southern African region. The paper concludes that policymakers should focus on long‐term policies to strengthen the financial sector to truly meet the needs of African people.
The Long‐run and Short‐run Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Financial Development in African Countries
Authors: Henri Njangang , Luc Nembot Ndeffo , Larissa Nawo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper contributes to the understanding of the other neglected effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) by analysing how FDI affects financial development in the short run and long run for a panel of 49 African countries over the period 1990–2016. The empirical evidence is based on a pooled mean group approach. With three panels differentiated by income level, the following findings are established: first, while there is a positive and significant long‐run relationship between FDI and financial development in Africa, in the short run the effect of FDI on financial development is negative. Second, the effect of FDI is positive and significant in the long run in the three sub‐samples. However, in the short run, the effect of FDI is negative and significant in lower‐income countries and non‐significant in lower‐middle‐income and upper‐middle‐income countries. Overall we find strong evidence supporting the view that FDI promotes financial development in African countries in the long run.
Penny Stocks: A Handy Tool for Enhancing Fund Performance?
Authors: Song Inwook , Park Young K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study analyzes the characteristics of penny stocks and the benefits of including them in fund portfolios. First, we show that penny stocks provide abnormal returns that are not explained by traditional factor models; the liquidity factor seems to account for the excess performance. Second, we find that penny stocks can serve as a powerful investment vehicle for expanding the efficient frontier of the conventional investment set and that including them in fund portfolios improves a fund's performance. Third, we find that penny stocks held more by funds provide excess returns even for a 5‐factor model that includes a liquidity factor.
Chief Executive Officer Inside Debt Holdings and Labor Investment Efficiency
Authors: Mo Kyoungwon , Kim Young Jin , Park Kyung Jin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe show how chief executive officer (CEO) inside debt holdings affect corporations’ labor investment behavior. We empirically find a positive association between CEO inside debt holdings shown to increase their conservatism and long‐term horizons due to deferred payments and labor investment efficiency recognized as an integral factor in a firm's long‐term survival and growth. Additional analyses reveal that CEO inside debt holdings lead to a greater tendency to reduce net hiring amid excess labor availability than is observed when levels are optimal. This tendency is especially marked when CEO power is strong and when the firm has relatively high financial liquidity and leverage.
Editorial: evaluating cirrhosis progression‐lessons from the heart
Authors: Solà Elsa , Ginès Pere 
Published: August 2019

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Jansen et al and Mookerjee and Thomsen papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15365 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15463.
Neo‐Fisherism and inflation control
Authors: Williamson Stephen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccording to conventional central banking wisdom, an inflation‐targeting central bank should increase (decrease) its nominal interest rate target when inflation is above (below) its target. According to neo‐Fisherites, conventional central bankers have the sign wrong. Essentially all mainstream macroeconomic models tell us that increases in nominal interest rates increase inflation—in the short run and in the long run. This paper reviews neo‐Fisherian theory and evidence and addresses issues relating to inflation control in low real interest rate environments.
Dimensional changes of buccal bone plate in immediate implants inserted through open flap, open flap and bone grafting and flapless techniques: A cone‐beam computed tomography randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Grassi Felice Roberto , Grassi Roberta , Rapone Biagio , Alemanno Gianfranco , Balena Alessandro , Kalemaj Zamira 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess through cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) buccal alveolar bone alterations after immediate implant placement using the following techniques: open flap and grafting (flap‐graft), open flap and no grafting (flap‐nograft) and flapless and no grafting (noflap‐nograft).Materials and methodsThis was a three‐armed parallel group randomized clinical trial with allocation ratio 1:1:1. Patients were eligible in case they needed immediate implant replacing teeth in maxillary premolar area, with sufficient buccal bone support. CBCT was performed immediately after the intervention and 6 months later. The main outcomes were CBCT measurements performed at apical (A‐EA), medial (M‐EM) and external and internal implant bevel level (B‐EB, B‐IB) and vertical defect depth (DP). Pain and discomfort, time of surgery and complications were recorded. Differences between groups were estimated through ANOVA tests and post‐hoc Scheffe's analysis for pairwise comparisons. Multiple regressions were conducted to estimate influence of gingival biotype and baseline marginal gap dimension.ResultsForty‐five patients were recruited and randomized to treatments with one lost to follow‐up. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of treatment technique was not relevant for all horizontal and vertical outcomes. The three techniques exhibited almost complete fill of marginal gap, with a mean residual vertical gap of 0.27 mm and horizontal gap of 0.5 mm. Regression models indicated a positive effect of thick biotype on gap filling and dimensional bone reduction. The noflap‐nograft technique resulted less painful.ConclusionsThe option of noflap‐nograft surgery in post‐extraction implants allows for minimal surgical intervention with comparable buccal bone changes and gap filling after a follow‐up of 6 months in sites with sufficient buccal bone support.
A method to estimate pre‐exploitation population size
Authors: Foley Catherine M. , Lynch Heather J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAntarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) were commercially exploited on the subantarctic island of South Georgia for over 100 years and nearly driven to extinction. Since the cessation of harvesting, however, their populations have rebounded, and they are now often considered a nuisance species whose impact on the terrestrial landscape should be mitigated. Any evaluation of their current population requires the context provided by their historic, pre‐exploitation abundance, lest ecologists fall prey to shifting baseline syndrome in which their perspective on current abundance is compared only with an altered state resulting from past anthropogenic disturbance. Estimating pre‐exploitation abundance is critical to defining species recovery and setting recovery targets, both of which are needed for the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's recent efforts to develop a green list of recovering species. To address this issue, we reconstructed the South Georgia fur seal harvest from 1786 to 1908 from ship logbooks and other historical records and interpolated missing harvest data as necessary with a generalized linear model fit to the historical record. Using an approximate Bayesian computation framework, harvest data, and a stochastic age‐structured population model, we estimated the pre‐exploitation abundance of Antarctic fur seals on South Georgia was 2.5 million females (95% CI 1.5–3.5 million). This estimate is similar to recent abundance estimates, and suggests current populations, and the ecological consequences of so many fur seals on the island, may be similar to conditions prior to human harvest. Although the historic archive on the fur sealing era is unavoidably patchy, the use of archival records is essential for reconstructing the past and, correspondingly, to understanding the present.Article impact statement: Defining species recovery requires an understanding of baseline population state, which can be estimated through statistical methods.
Positive change in hand care habits using therapeutic patient education in chronic hand eczema
Authors: Tauber Marie , Lourari Siham , Bérard Emilie , Questel Emmanuel , Redoules Daniel , Giordano‐Labadie Françoise , Simon Michel , Paul Carle ,   Therapeutic Education Group (GET) of the French Society of Dermatology (SFD)
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic hand eczema (CHE) is a major burden for patients. Maintenance treatment involves prevention measures limiting detrimental behaviour and aggravating factors.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a standardised care program including therapeutic patient education (TPE) on hand care behaviours, clinical severity, quality of life, and work productivity.MethodsA single‐centre study was conducted prospectively. Together with the prescription of a topical steroid, patients participated in individual TPE sessions. Evaluations were performed initially and repeated three months after the therapeutic intervention. They included a structured analysis of hand care behaviours, the assessment of the mTLSS (modified Total Lesion Symptom Score), DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index), and WPAI (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment).ResultsSeventy‐one patients were included (30 men, 42.3%). Three months after completion of the standardised care program, hand care behaviours such as hand washing and rinsing, hand drying, wearing protective gloves, using moisturizing creams, and following specific treatments and recommendations for CHE improved significantly in the 58 patients who completed the study and were associated with a significant improvement in the mTLSS, DLQI, and WPAI scores.ConclusionsTPE helps patients change their hand care behaviours and adopt skin protection measures, and may improve CHE severity, quality of life, and work productivity.
Cognitive Task Analysis for Implicit Knowledge About Visual Representations With Similarity Learning Methods
Authors: Mason Blake , Rau Martina A. , Nowak Robert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVisual representations are prevalent in STEM instruction. To benefit from visuals, students need representational competencies that enable them to see meaningful information. Most research has focused on explicit conceptual representational competencies, but implicit perceptual competencies might also allow students to efficiently see meaningful information in visuals. Most common methods to assess students’ representational competencies rely on verbal explanations or assume explicit attention. However, because perceptual competencies are implicit and not necessarily verbally accessible, these methods are ill‐equipped to assess them. We address these shortcomings with a method that draws on similarity learning, a machine learning technique that detects visual features that account for participants’ responses to triplet comparisons of visuals. In Experiment 1, 614 chemistry students judged the similarity of Lewis structures and in Experiment 2, 489 students judged the similarity of ball‐and‐stick models. Our results showed that our method can detect visual features that drive students’ perception and suggested that students’ conceptual knowledge about molecules informed perceptual competencies through top‐down processes. Furthermore, Experiment 2 tested whether we can improve the efficiency of the method with active sampling. Results showed that random sampling yielded higher accuracy than active sampling for small sample sizes. Together, the experiments provide the first method to assess students’ perceptual competencies implicitly, without requiring verbalization or assuming explicit visual attention. These findings have implications for the design of instructional interventions that help students acquire perceptual representational competencies.
Restricted‐area culls and red fox abundance: Are effects a matter of time and place?
Authors: Kämmerle Jim‐Lino , Ritchie Euan G. , Storch Ilse 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPredators are often culled to benefit prey, but in many cases this conservation goal is not achieved or results remain unknown. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a predator of global significance, and an invasive species in some regions. Red fox culls intended to benefit prey are often restricted to small areas, and effectiveness is rarely sufficiently evaluated. Given the economic, ecological, social, and welfare issues associated with lethal predator control, there is a strong need to assess the effects of spatiotemporal variation in culling intensity on red fox abundance. We surveyed red fox populations in fragmented forests of south‐western Germany and related indices of local fox abundance to culling data, predicted landscape‐scale fox abundance, and other covariates. We tested whether restricted‐area culling was associated with local reductions in fox abundance, and examined how this relationship changed over time. Local fox abundance was temporarily reduced in spring, following winter culls. However, the effect was minor and fox populations had compensated for the reductions at the latest by autumn. Restricted‐area culling therefore likely failed to sustain effects on fox abundance throughout the period most relevant for conservation (i.e., the reproductive period of the target prey species). To be effective as a conservation tool, culling will therefore require explicit spatiotemporal coordination matching the biology of predators and target prey.
Large dams, norms and Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Schapper Andrea , Urban Frauke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMotivationIn this article, we examine the role of norms in protecting the rights of Indigenous Peoples with regard to hydroelectric dams. We argue that the way large‐scale dams are built and managed—including their impacts on Indigenous Peoples—varies according to the political context of the host country. In more restrictive political contexts, norms may often be neglected or compromised.PurposeThe political system and domestic legislation are crucial factors that need to be considered in more depth in research scholarship on dams. We contribute to filling this research gap by presenting a comparative analysis of the Bakun dam in Malaysia and the Gibe III dam in Ethiopia, demonstrating that norms tend to be ignored or compromised in restrictive and authoritarian political environments.Approach and MethodsWe compare the similarities and differences of these two dam projects systematically drawing on empirical field research comprising interviews, focus group discussions and the analysis of primary and secondary documents.FindingsOur research reveals that international and private norms are often neglected in partly free or unfree political systems. Even domestic legislation can be circumvented by a strong or authoritarian state government, and this can lead to serious delays and neglect of protective standards.Policy ImplicationsInternational standards are often more ambitious than national standards and their implementation in the hydropower dams industry can help to improve the social and environmental sustainability of projects. Active civil society organizations can use norms and standards to strengthen social mobilization within the country and can transmit important information outside the country to build transnational alliances. Pressure and persuasion mechanisms can lead to norm change and norm compliance by state actors.
Evaluating the short‐term effect of cross‐market discounts in purchases using neural networks: A case in retail sector
Authors: Miguéis Vera L. , Camanho Ana S. , Falcão e Cunha João 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPromotional tools such as cross‐market discounts have been increasingly used as a means to increase customer satisfaction and sales. This paper aims to assess whether the implementation of a cross‐market discount campaign by a retailing company encouraged customers to increase their purchases level. It contributes to the literature by using neural networks to detect novelties in a real context involving cross‐market discounts. Besides the computation of point predictions, the methodology proposed involves the estimation of neural networks prediction intervals. Sales predictions are compared with the observed values in order to detect significant changes in customers' spending. The use of neural networks is validated through the comparison with the forecasting estimates of support vector regression, regression trees, and linear regression. The results reveal that the promotional campaign under analysis did not significantly impact the sales of the rewarded customers.
Alterations in odontogenesis and tooth eruption resulting from exposure to hexavalent chromium in suckling animals
Authors: Sánchez Luciana Marina , Ubios Ángela Matilde 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHeavy metals including Cr VI are present in inadequately treated effluents that contaminate drinking water. Hence, Cr VI exposure can affect children through intake of breast milk from an exposed mother or bottle‐feeding formula prepared with contaminated water. To date, there are no reports on the effects of Cr VI exposure on tooth formation processes concomitant to tooth eruption.AimTo study the effect of Cr VI exposure on tooth tissue formation in suckling Wistar rats by assessing dental tissues at different stages of tooth eruption.DesignExperimental animals received 12.5 mg/kg body weight/day of a potassium dichromate solution by gavage; control animals were similarly administered an equivalent volume of saline solution. Each group was divided into three subsets according to age at euthanasia: 9, 15, and 23 days. Dental formation was analysed histologically and histomorphometrically. Statistical analysis: Student's t test; P < .05.ResultsCr VI‐exposed animals showed a delay in mineralized crown and root tissue formation. These findings are directly associated with the observed delay in tooth eruption.ConclusionOur findings show the importance of monitoring drinking water levels of toxic substances, since exposure during early childhood can alter tooth formation, growth, and development.