bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Aminotriazol on the Biosynthesis of Chlorophyll and Phytol
Authors: Rüdiger Wolf hart , Benz Jürgen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Treatment of wheat caryops with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol followed by dark germination leads to phytol deficiency (based on the chlorophyll content) during the subsequent greening process in the light. The analysis of the pigment fraction reveales the presence of chlorophyll esterified with geranylgeraniol and dihydrogeranylgeraniol in agreement with earlier results [5].
Chlorophyll esterified with geranylgeraniol is shown in vivo and in vitro to be the precursor of phytylated chlorophyll. Aminotriazol presumably inhibits the hydrogenation of geranylgeraniol to phytol in the pigment.
The Role of Light and Oxygen in the Action of the Photosynthetic Inhibitor Herbicide Monuron
Authors: Pallett Kenneth E. , Dodge Alan D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Monuron treatment of detached flax cotyledons caused a rapid inhibition of CO2 fixation in darkness and light. Chlorophyll breakdown was promoted by increased light intensity. Ethane generation, an indicator of membrane damage, increased as the chlorophyll level decreased. The carotene pigments were destroyed more rapidly than the xanthophylls and chlorophylls. Treatment of cotyledons with monuron in the absence of oxygen almost prevented carotenoid and chlorophyll loss. The addition of the singlet oxygen quencher DABCO delayed chlorophyll breakdown.
The results are discussed in relation to a role for singlet oxygen in the herbicidal action of monuron.
Selektive Wirkungen von Lindan (γ-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorcyclohexan) auf Photosynthese, Aminosäure — Membrantransport und Proteinsynthese bei Anacystis nidulans / Selective Effects of Lindane (γ-1,2,3,4,5,6 Hexachlorocyclohexane) on Photosynthesis, Membrane Transport of Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis in Anacystis nidulans
Authors: Simonis Wilhelm , Lee-Kaden Johanna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Effects of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide Lindane on membrane transport of two neutrale amino acids in the Cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans (Synechococcus AN) were measured. In white light the ʟ-Leucine incorporation into the protein fraction was inhibited, increasing with time. After 30 minutes the degree of inhibition was the same as the effect of DCMU (5×10-6m) on ʟ-Leucine incorporation. 14CO2-Rxation was also reduced at this time. At 717 nm, which en­ables PSI activity allone, no inhibition was observed. The light energy dependent membrane transport itself of ʟ-leucine in presence of CAM and of the non-metabolisable α-AIB in white light and in monochromatic light of 630 nm and of 717 nm were not influenced by Lindane. The different sites of Lindane action are discussed. It is assumed that in 30 minutes chiefly photo­synthesis (PS II and CO2-fixation) is affected by Lindane, resulting in a suppression of protein synthesis caused by a depletion of intermediates of CO2-fixation.
Action of Lindane on the Current-Voltage Relationship in the Plasma Membrane of Elodea under Passive Conditions
Authors: Schefczik Kurt , Simonis Wilhelm 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Side effects of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide Lindane on the plasma membrane of the submerged macrophytic fresh-water plant Elodea densa were studied. Single glass microelectrodes were inserted into single cells and membrane potential, membrane resistance and electrode resistance were recorded using a new designed electrophysiological monitoring system (“ELM 2”). The current-voltage relationship in the plasma membrane of Elodea cells under passive conditions is nearly linear for relaxing current pulses up to 10-8 amperes. Lindane treatment, produced first (3.5 hours) a strong nonlinearity in current-voltage relationship with increased membrane resistance for inward current flow, and later (24.5 hours) an increased membrane resistance both for inward and outward current flow. It is discussed that the earlier reported lowering of the potassium selectivity in the plasma membrane of Elodea after Lindane treatment will be the reason for the alterations of current-voltage relationship.
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis in Chloroplasts from Plant Cells by Virginiamycin
Authors: Cocito C. , Tiboni O. , Vanlinden F. , Ciferri O. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The light-driven incorporation of amino acids by isolated spinach chloroplasts is inhibited by the M component (VM) and not by the S component (VS) of virginiamycin. This inhibitory effect is partially reversible. In chloroplast extracts, poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine formation is strongly inhibited by VM and not by VS. The in vivo synergistic effect of VM and VS observed in bacteria and algae, does not occur in isolated chloroplasts and chloroplast extracts.
Binding of Antibodies onto the Thylakoid Membrane. V. Distribution of Proteins and Lipids in the Thylakoid Membrane
Authors: Radunz Alfons 
Published: August 2018

Binding of antibodies to proteins and lipids onto fragments of the thylakoid membrane was stu­died and compared with the binding of antibodies by stroma-freed chloroplasts. The membrane fragments were prepared from stroma-free chloroplasts by ultrasonication and fractional centrifugation. The fragments have an average diameter of 200 A. Their thickness corresponds to that of the thylakoid membrane. The membrane fragments adsorb out of an antiserum to lipids approximately the same amount of antibodies as out of an antiserum to proteins. In comparison to this, stroma-free chloroplasts bind 4 times more antibodies to proteins than to lipids. From this it follows that the major part of the lipids is located in the membrane surface which is directed towards the inside or is located inside the membrane. As the chemical analysis has shown these results are not caused by an altered chemical composition of the membrane fragments.
Despite the fact that membrane proteins bind considerably less protein antibodies than stroma-free chloroplasts, the antibody binding in membrane fragment might be considerably increased for certain proteins such as a polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight 24000 and cytochrome f. Antibodies to the major components of the lipid mixture, such as to monogalactosyl diglyceride, trigalactosyl diglyceride, sulfoquinovosyl diglyceride and phosphatidyl glycerol are 3 to 4 times more bound by membrane fragments than by stroma-free chloroplasts. From these results it is concluded that the thylakoid membrane surface directed towards the inside is preponderently composed of lipids whereas the surface directed towards the outside consists only by 10 to 15% of lipids.
Der Ablauf komplizierter Photoreaktionen in zähen Medien / The Evolution of Complicated Photoreactions in Viscous Media
Authors: Mauser Heinz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The calculation of the photochemical yield of simple reactions in viscous media was discussed earlier in a rather formal way.
In this paper the basic equation will be derived in a more convenient way and the numeric results of an application to photoisomerization are given. The main purpose is to demonstrate the possibility to handle even complicated reactions.
Photoactive ATP Dependent Glutamine Synthetase from Chloroplasts of Setaria italica Beauv
Authors: Venkataramana S. , Das V. S. R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Light and ATP dependent glutamine synthetase (E. C. 6.3.1.2) activity was predominantly located in the mesophyll chloroplasts of Setaria italica Beauv., a C4 plant. ATP served the kinetic requirement while ADP exerted inhibitory effects on the enzyme activity. Sucrose stimulated the enzyme activity both in the light and in the dark. The inhibitors of both the cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation have suppressed the enzyme activity which suggested the specific requirement for ATP.
Aufnahme, Verteilung, Umwandlung und Ausscheidung von Dieldrin in nicht-menschlichen Primaten und anderen Labortieren / Absorption, Body Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Dieldrin in Non-Human Primates and Other Laboratory Animals
Authors: Müller Wolfgang , Nohynek Gerhard , Korte Friedhelm , Coulston Frederic 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Using 14C-labelled dieldrin, the resorption, body distribution, and rate of excretion as well as the metabolism was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. The experiments with mice, rats, rabbits, Rhesus monkeys, and chimpanzees were performed under identical conditions to obtain reliably comparable results.
Improved Synthesis and Rapid Isolation of Millimole Quantities of Adenylylsulfate
Authors: Cooper Bryan P. , Trüper Hans G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
An improved enzymatic method for the synthesis of adenylylsulfate (APS) from adenosine 5′-phosphate using APS-reductase from Thiobacillus denitrificans is described. Isolation of millimole quantitities of this sulfur nucleotide is achieved rapidly by means of ion exchange chromatography on a strongly basic ion exchange resin. A facile and reproducible desalting procedure is described.
Cyanide Insensitive Iron Superoxide Dismutase in Euglena gracilis Comparison of the Reliabilities of Different Test Systems for Superoxide Dismutases
Authors: Lengfelder E. , Elstner E. F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two proteins (P1 and P2 , with mol weights of 57,500 and 27,500, respectively) were isolated from Euglena gracilis. Both proteins show cyanide-insensitive superoxide dismutase activity in the “classical” superoxide dismutase assay, using xanthine-xanthine oxidase as O2·− generator. If O2·− is generated chemically (autoxidation of reduced anthraquinone), photochemically (illuminated riboflavine) or pulse radiolytically, only protein P1 but not P2 shows SOD activity. Protein P1 contains 1 g atom (determined: 0.82) iron (no Mn or Cu) per mole protein and may thus be defined as iron-superoxide dismutase. Protein P2 , showing the spectral properties of a flavoprotein, exhibits the activities of ferredoxin-NADP-oxidoreductase and “diaphorase”. The cyanide-insensitive SOD-activity of this “diaphorase” in the xanthine oxidase-assay for superoxide dismutase makes this classical and commonly used test unreliable for assaying cyanide insensitive SOD activities. The existence of the “prokaryote-type” of superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD) in Euglena gracilis is exceptional for an eukaryotic, autotrophically grown organisms.
Separation of the S-Adenosylmethionine: 5-and 8-Hydroxyfuranocoumarin O-Methyltransferases of Ruta graveolens L. by General Ligand Affinity Chromatography
Authors: Sharma Satish K. , Garrett Jinnie M. , Brown Stewart A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two S-adenosyl-ʟ-methionine:furanocoumarin O-methyltransferases of R . graveolens, acting at the 5-and 8-hydroxyls of the psoralen nucleus, were completely resolved by adsorption on a general affinity ligand, 5 -(3-carboxypropanamido) xanthotoxin, followed by specific desorption by bergaptol and xanthotoxol, respectively. The 5-O-methyltransferase was purified 450-fold by this procedure, the 8-O-methyltransferase 112-fold, and both enzyme fractions were electrophoretically homogeneous. No resolution could be achieved of the activity against two 5-hydroxypsoralens or of the activity against two 8-hydroxypsoralens, and conclusive evidence is presented for the existence of only one 5-O-methyltransferase and only one 8-O-methyltransferase acting on linear furanocoumarins.
Action of Citrinin on Liposomes
Authors: Ganesan M. G. , Lakshmanan M. , Ravindran K. V. , Damodaran C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Citrinin, a mycotoxin, was studied for its effect on artificial membranes (liposomes). Of the three (net positive, negative and neutral) liposomal preparations tested, the membrane carrying a net positive charge was preferentially acted upon by citrinin and in this case even the lowest con­ centration was found to be sufficient for causing a high degree of damage. This is the first report of evidence that citrinin has a direct effect on membranes. It was shown to exhibit concentration dependency in its lytic activity on artificial membranes leading to leaching of trapped 45Ca2+ ions.
The Effect of Antibodies to Violaxanthin on Photosynthetic Electron Transport
Authors: Lehmann-Kirk Ursula , Schmid Georg H. , Radunz Alfons 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
An antiserum to violaxanthin in hibits photosynthetic electron transport between water, iodide or tetramethylbenzidine and various electron acceptors in chloroplasts from green tobacco (Nicotian a tabacum var. John William’s Broadleaf). However, electron transport from manganese or diphenyl-carbazide to these acceptors is not impaired. The typical photosystem I reaction from DPIP / ascorbate to anthraquinone-2-sulfonate in the presence of DCMU shows no inhibition. From this it is concluded that the effect of violaxanthin on the photosynthetic electron transport chain lies on the oxygen-evolving side of photosystem II before the site from which diphenylcarbazide or manganese donate electrons.
In the presence of DCMU after preillumination we find an effect of the antiserum on fluorescence.
The reaction of the antibodies to violaxanthin with stroma-freed chloroplasts depends on the condition of the thylakoid membrane. Chloroplasts which are still swellable react in a bivalent manner and are agglutinated. Non swellable chloroplasts react only in a monovalent manner. This specific binding was demonstrated by means of the Coombs-test.
From these reactions it follows that the antigenic determinants of violaxanthin are accessible to the antibodies, hence, they must be located in the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane.
Physico-Chemical Studies of Isolated Chromatin Compared with in situ Chromatin after Partial Hepatectomy in the Rat
Authors: Miller Paul , Linden Walfried A. , Nicolini Claudio 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Chromatin was isolated from rat liver cells at 0, 3, 5, 11, 18 and 24 h following partial hepatectomy. Consistent with findings in cultured cells stimulated to proliferate, there was an increase in chromatin molar ellipticity measured at 276 nm, and a decrease in thermal stability 3 to 8 h after surgery. These events occured prior to the onset of DNA synthesis. These early changes be­ tween non-proliferating (G0) and proliferating (G1) cells, as well as later chromatin conformational changes observed at S and G2 phases, mimic changes in template activity.
Results with sheared and unsheared chromatin (both with in vitro and in vivo systems) prove that structural and functional changes can be caused by even the slightest shearing during chromatin preparation, suggesting the loss of native chromatin organization. To eliminate this problem, experiments were also conducted using chromatin in situ. A flow cytometer (FCM) was used to study unfixed liver cell suspensions stained with ethidium bromide (EB). Fluorescence was mea­ sured in the green spectral range after addition of increasing amounts of EB. Experimental evidence is provided that the same alteration in chromatin conformation can be best detected using low molar ratios of EB per unit DNA due to greater fluorescence emission in G1 respect to G0 cells.
These correlated studies demonstrate that the same changes controlling chromatin organization in situ are detected also in the tertiary-quaternary structure of “isolated” chromatin. These changes in chromatin conformation are macromolecular events related to cell proliferation both at the G0 -G1 and G1 -S transitions.
Free-Running Human Circadian Rhythms in Svalbard
Authors: Johnsson A. , Engelmann W. , Klemke W. , Ekse Aud Tveito 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The body temperature, activity-rest time, electrolytes of urine samples and mood was measured in two persons during a 19 day period under continuous light conditions in the arctic (vicinity of Ny Ålesund, Svalbard-Spitsbergen). For temperature recording a new thermoprobe and a portable printer was used. Possible week Zeitgeber of the 24 hour day did not synchronize the circadian system, since circadian rhythms of about 26 hours were found. These results open up the pos­ sibility to study effects of drugs on the circadian system of humans under Svalbard conditions.
Response Characteristics and Identification of Extrinsic Mushroom Body Neurons of the Bee
Authors: Homberg Uwe , Erber Joachim 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The activity of single neurons with constant discharge frequencies in the area around the α-lobe of the mushroom bodies of the bee was recorded intracellularly. The spontaneous discharge frequency of these neurons ranged between 5 and 95 impulses per second. When stimulated, about 80 percent of the neurons responded to at least one of five different sensory modalities: scent; light; air current to the antennae; sugar water applied to the antennae and to the proboscis. 45 percent of the neurons responded to two or more modalities, these multimodal neurons are common in the median protocerebrum of the bee. The differentiated response pattern of the cells does not allow a simple classification. Some of the neurons were identified after the injection of the fluorescent dye Procion yellow. We found 4 neurons with arborizations in the α-lobe and the calyces of the mushroom bodies.
Phenylethylamine as a Biochemical Marker of Tiger
Authors: Brahmachary R. L. , Dutta J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Pheromones of the tiger happen to be a mixture of amines which are “fixed” by lipids. One of these, found always in all the four tigers investigated, is phenylethylamine. This may be a biochemical marker at a species level.
Preparation of 1-α-D-Arabinofuranosylbenzimidazole and Its 5,6-Dichloro Derivative, and the Direct Bromination of Benzimidazole Nucleosides
Authors: Kazimierczuk Zygmunt , Dudycz Lech , Stolarski Ryszard , Shugar David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Arabinofuranosyl Benzim idazole N ucleosides, Direct Bromination of Benzim idazole N ucleosides, 1H NMR Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet Spectra The 1-a-D-arabinofuranosides of benzim idazole and 5,6-dichlorobenzim idazole, analogues of the biologically active 5,6-dichloro-l-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, have been synthesized by condensation of the trimethylsilyl derivative of the appropriate benzim idazole in the presence of SnCl4 with 1-O-m ethyl-2,3,5-tribenzoyl-a-D-arabinoside.
The 5(6)-m onobrom o and the 5,6-dibrom o derivatives of 1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole and 1-α-D-arabinofuranosylbenzimidazole were then prepared by direct bromination of the latter. With 1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, the initial product of bromination was a 1:1 mixture of the 5-bromo and 6 -brom o derivatives; the final product was the desired 5,6-dibromo analogue. In the case of 1-αβ-D-arabinofuranosylbenzimidazole, the initial product of bromination was the 5-(or 6 -)brom o derivative, and the 5,6-dibrom o derivative the final product. The monobrom o derivatives were easily separated from the dibrom o by chromatography on Am berlite XAD-4. Identification of all of these was based on several criteria, including detailed analyses of the 1H NMR spectra.
The benzim idazole nucleoside are considerably m ore resistant to acid hydrolysis than the cor­ responding purine nucleosides. The effects of halogenation on the ultraviolet absorption spectra of the benzim idazole nucleosides are described.
Über die Bildung von Cholesterin durch Botrytis cinerea nach Lanosterinzugabe / The Production of Cholesterol by Botrytis cinerea after Addition of Lanosterol
Authors: Flesch Peter , Robbel Lutz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The fungus Botrytis cinerea, which is found on the grapes, is able to produce cholesterol after addition of lanosterol to the culture medium. The identification of cholesterol is carried out with different analytical methods including mass spectrometry. Under the same conditions ergosterol arises from squalene and not cholesterol.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Quinolizidine Alkaloids in Lupin Chloroplasts
Authors: Wink M. , Hartmann T. , Witte L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The enzymatic sequence responsible for the biosynthesis of tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloids could be localized in chloroplasts isolated from Lupinus polyphyllus leaves and L. albus seedlings by differential centrifugation. Upon feeding of cadaverine to isolated chloroplasts lupanine is produced as the main alkaloid. Chloroplasts treated with digitonine produce sparteine and 17-oxosparteine instead of lupanine, thus indicating that the biosynthetic sequence is interrupted. The intermediacy of 17-oxosparteine could be confirmed since exogeneous 17-oxosparteine is converted into lupanine by intact chloroplasts. 17-Oxosparteine synthase (see Z. Naturforsch. 34 c, 704 1979) the key enzyme of quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis could be solubilized from chloro­ plasts treated with detergents or osmotic shock.
Stoichiometric Photophosphorylation in Thylakoids from the Blue-Green Alga, Anabaena variabilis
Authors: Wax Erika , Lockau Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A method is described for the preparation of thylakoids from the blue-green alga Anabaena variabilis which exhibit photosynthetic control. The thylakoids can be stored in liquid N 2 with little loss in activity. P/e2 ratios (num ber of ATP molecules formed per pair of electrons transported) have been determined for partial reactions of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Electron transport from water to an electron acceptor of photosystem I is coupled to phosphorylation with a P/e2 ratio of 0.9-1.2, from water to electron acceptors of photosystem II with ratios of 0.21-0.3 , and oxidations of hydrogen carriers by photosystem I with ratios of 0.3-0.35. Electron transport in these assay systems generates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane (acid inside), which is decreased by the substrates of phosphorylation and by uncouplers.
The Paracrystalline Nature of the Purple Membrane of Halobacterium halobium I. Lattice Distortions within the Membrane
Authors: Cabarcos E. Lopez , Bermudez S. Fernandez , Calleja F. J. Baltá 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
X-Ray diffraction patterns from oriented purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium show that the packing of proteins within the membrane has a paracrystalline structure. The paracrystalline mean distance fluctuations, g, were found to be 1.5 (± 0.1)% for the (100) packing planes of the proteins. The corresponding paracrystallite sizes are of ~ 850 Å. It is suggested that para­ crystalline lattice distortions within the membrane may be explained by conformational singularities of the proteins or by an irregular packing of adjacent proteins and lipids.
Investigations on the Mechanism of Induction of the Alkaline Phosphatase by Bromodesoxyuridine in Herpes simplex Virus Transformed Cells and the Transport of Uridine
Authors: Schneider D. , Falke D. 
Published: August 2018

Addition of BrdUrd in combination with prednisolone to HSVi-transformed hamster embryo cells induces an alkaline phosphatase (AP). FdUrd enhances, dThd reduces the inducing capacity of BrdUrd and prednisolone. Induction is prevented by addition of cycloheximide or of cytosine arabinoside.
BrdUrd reduces transport and phosphorylation of exogenously applied labeled Urd, especially the amount of UTP, UDP and Urd-diphosphate sugars. The Lineweaver-Burk-plot of uridine-up­take after addition of BrdUrd reveales the characteristics of the mixed type inhibition (competi­tive-noncompetitive).
ʟ- Usnate-Urease Interactions: Binding Sites for the Ligand
Authors: García Isabel , Cifuentes Blanca , Vicente Carlos 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
ʟ-usnic acid inactivates urease by formation of high molecular weight aggregates which can reached by a maximum of 880 000. ʟ-cysteine partially reverses the inactivation by stimulating the appearance of active high molecular weight polymers. The existence of two class of binding points for ʟ-usnic acid on the urease molecule is proposed, the first showing high affinity for the ligand, related with the loss of activity, and the second, of low affinity, related to polymerization process.