bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants and prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-derived infarct characteristics in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Feistritzer Hans-Josef , Nanos Michael , Eitel Ingo , Jobs Alexander , de Waha-Thiele Suzanne , Meyer-Saraei Roza , Freund Anne , Stiermaier Thomas , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed , Lurz Philipp , Reinstadler Sebastian J , Reindl Martin , Klug Gert , Metzler Bernhard , Desch Steffen , Thiele Holger 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
The prognostic significance of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived infarct characteristics has been demonstrated in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) cohorts but is undefined in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. We aimed to investigate determinants and the long-term prognostic impact of CMR imaging-derived infarct characteristics in patients with NSTEMI.

Methods and results
Infarct size (IS), myocardial salvage index (MSI), and microvascular obstruction were assessed using CMR imaging in 284 NSTEMI patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in three centres. CMR imaging was performed 3 [interquartile range (IQR) 2–4] days after admission. The primary clinical endpoint was defined as major adverse cardiac events during median follow-up of 4.4 (IQR 3.6–4.9) years. Median IS was 7.2% (IQR 2.2–13.7) of left ventricular (LV) myocardial mass (%LV) and MSI was 65.7 (IQR 39.3–84.9). Age (P ≤ 0.003), heart rate (P ≤ 0.02), the number of diseased coronary arteries (P ≤ 0.01), and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade before PCI (P &lt; 0.001) were independent predictors of IS and MSI. The primary endpoint occurred in 64 (22.5%) patients. CMR-derived infarct characteristics had no additional prognostic value beyond LV ejection fraction in multivariable analysis.

Conclusion
In this prospective, multicentre NSTEMI cohort reperfused by PCI, age, heart rate, the number of diseased coronary arteries, and TIMI flow grade before PCI were independent predictors of IS and MSI assessed by CMR. However, in contrast to STEMI patients there was no additional long-term prognostic value of CMR-derived infarct characteristics over and above LV ejection fraction.

Clinicaltrials.gov
NCT03516578.
Preaching Regicide in Jacobean England: John Knight and David Pareus
Authors: Serjeantson Richard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
On 14 April 1622, John Knight, a theology student at Broadgates Hall, Oxford, delivered a Palm Sunday sermon before his University. In it, Knight defended the thesis that subjects defending themselves on grounds of religion would be justified in taking up arms against their sovereign. This study reconstructs the content of, political context for, and reaction to Knight’s sermon. In establishing the importance for Knight’s sermon of non-English authorities, above all the authoritative Palatine theologian David Pareus and the Lausanne theologian Guillaume Du Buc (Bucanus), it demonstrates that justifications of armed resistance to sovereign powers were widely known in pre-civil war England, but that their expression in English was effectively controlled.
Effect of micro-osteoperforation on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement—a systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Shahabee Mostafa , Shafaee Hooman , Abtahi Mostafa , Rangrazi Abdolrasoul , Bardideh Erfan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
The micro-osteoperforation can be used to increase the rate of tooth movement, simplify complex orthodontic movements, and also help adjust the anchorage but there are conflicting reports on the effectiveness and adverse effects of this intervention.

Objectives
The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of micro-osteoperforation on the rate of tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Search methods
A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, ISI web of science, EMBASE, Scopus, and CENTRAL online databases for studies measuring the effects of micro-osteoperforation on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement from inception to February 2019 was performed.

Selection criteria
Based on the PICO model, human studies which evaluated the effects of MOP on the rate of tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were selected for this review.

Data collection and analysis
The relevant data from the eligible studies were extracted using piloted custom extraction forms. The data were combined and analysed using inverse-variance random-effect meta-analysis and the mean difference was used for comparing the outcome measures.

Results
Six randomized clinical trials were finally included in this meta-analysis. The rate of canine retraction per month was significantly higher in the MOP group [mean difference (MD) = 0.45 mm, 95% CI = 0.17–0.74]. These results were similar with regard to different malocclusions, the jaw on which it was performed, and MOP methods. The patients did not report any significant differences in terms of pain severity levels after MOP. With regard to the adverse effects, one study reported higher amounts of root resorption among patients undergoing MOP.

Conclusions
The rate of tooth movement was increased after performing MOP but in at least one study higher root resorption was observed. Therefore, the use of MOP can be recommended after weighing the benefits and disadvantages this intervention can bring for each patient.

Registration
The protocol for this review was registered via crd.york.ac.uk/prospero with the ID CRD42019115499.
Sudden death in cardiac sarcoidosis: an analysis of nationwide clinical and cause-of-death registries
Authors: Ekström Kaj , Lehtonen Jukka , Nordenswan Hanna-Kaisa , Mäyränpää Mikko I , Räisänen-Sokolowski Anne , Kandolin Riina , Simonen Piia , Pietilä-Effati Päivi , Alatalo Aleksi , Utriainen Seppo , Rissanen Tuomas T , Haataja Petri , Kokkonen Jorma , Vihinen Tapani , Miettinen Heikki , Kaikkonen Kari , Kerola Tuomas , Kupari Markku 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsThe present study was done to assess the role of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among the presenting manifestations of and fatalities from cardiac sarcoidosis (CS).Methods and resultsWe analysed altogether 351 cases of CS presenting from year 1998 through 2015 in Finland. There were 262 patients with a clinical diagnosis and treatment of CS, 27 patients with an initial lifetime diagnosis of giant cell myocarditis that was later converted to CS, and 62 cases detected at autopsy and identified by screening &gt;820 000 death certificates from the national cause-of-death registry. The total case series comprised 253 females and 98 males aged on average 52 years at presentation. High-grade atrioventricular block was the most common first sign of CS (n = 147, 42%) followed by heart failure (n = 58, 17%), unexpected fatal (n = 38) or aborted (n = 12) SCD (14%), and sustained ventricular tachycardia (n = 48, 14%). Severe coronary artery disease was found at autopsy concomitant with CS in four of the 38 cases presenting with fatal SCD. Of all deaths recorded till the end of 2015, 64% (n = 54/84) were unexpected SCDs from CS that had either been silent during life or defied all attempts at diagnosis. The Kaplan–Meier estimate (95% CI) of survival from symptom onset was 85% (80–90%) at 5 years and 76% (68–84%) at 10 years.ConclusionTogether fatal and aborted SCD constitute 14% of the presenting manifestations of CS. Nearly two-thirds of all fatalities from CS are caused by undiagnosed granulomas in the heart.
Risk of stroke and other adverse outcomes in patients with perioperative atrial fibrillation 1 year after non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Conen David , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Douketis James , Chan Matthew T V , Kurz Andrea , Sigamani Alben , Parlow Joel L , Wang Chew Yin , Villar Juan C , Srinathan Sadeesh K , Tiboni Maria , Malaga German , Guyatt Gordon , Sivakumaran Soori , Rodriguez Funes Maria-Virginia , Cruz Patricia , Yang Homer , Dresser George K , Alvarez-Garcia Jesus , Schricker Thomas , Jones Philip M , Drummond Leanne W , Balasubramanian Kumar , Yusuf Salim , Devereaux P J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
To determine the 1-year risk of stroke and other adverse outcomes in patients with a new diagnosis of perioperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after non-cardiac surgery.

Methods and results
The PeriOperative ISchemic Evaluation (POISE)-1 trial evaluated the effects of metoprolol vs. placebo in 8351 patients, and POISE-2 compared the effect of aspirin vs. placebo, and clonidine vs. placebo in 10 010 patients. These trials included patients with, or at risk of, cardiovascular disease who were undergoing non-cardiac surgery. For the purpose of this study, we combined the POISE datasets, excluding 244 patients who were in atrial fibrillation (AF) at the time of randomization. Perioperative atrial fibrillation was defined as new AF that occurred within 30 days after surgery. Our primary outcome was the incidence of stroke at 1 year of follow-up; secondary outcomes were mortality and myocardial infarction (MI). We compared outcomes among patients with and without POAF using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Among 18 117 patients (mean age 69 years, 57.4% male), 404 had POAF (2.2%). The stroke incidence 1 year after surgery was 5.58 vs. 1.54 per 100 patient-years in patients with and without POAF, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 3.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.00–5.90; P &lt; 0.001. Patients with POAF also had an increased risk of death (incidence 31.37 vs. 9.34; aHR 2.51, 95% CI 2.01–3.14; P &lt; 0.001) and MI (incidence 26.20 vs. 8.23; aHR 5.10, 95% CI 3.91–6.64; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Patients with POAF have a significantly increased risk of stroke, MI, and death at 1 year. Intervention studies are needed to evaluate risk reduction strategies in this high-risk population.
Vernakalant for cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McIntyre William F , Healey Jeff S , Bhatnagar Akash K , Wang Patrick , Gordon Jacob A , Baranchuk Adrian , Deif Bishoy , Whitlock Richard P , Belley-Côté Émilie P 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of vernakalant for the cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods and resultsWe reviewed the literature for randomized trials that compared vernakalant to another drug or placebo in patients with AF of onset ≤7 days. We used a random-effects model to combine quantitative data and rated the quality of evidence using the GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). From 441 total citations in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL (December 2018), we identified nine trials evaluating 1358 participants. Six trials compared vernakalant to placebo, two trials compared vernakalant to ibutilide, and one trial compared vernakalant to amiodarone. We found significant methodological bias in four trials. For conversion within 90 min, vernakalant was superior to placebo [50% conversion, risk ratio (RR) 5.15; 95% confidence interval (CI); 2.24–11.84, I2 = 91%], whereas we found no significant difference in conversion when vernakalant was compared with an active drug (56% vs. 24% conversion, RR 2.40; 95% CI 0.76–7.58, I2 = 94). Sinus rhythm was maintained at 24 h in 85% (95% CI 80–88%) of patients who converted acutely with vernakalant. Overall, we judged the quality of evidence for efficacy to be low based on inconsistency and suspected publication bias. There was no significant difference in the risk of significant adverse events between vernakalant and comparator (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.70–1.28, I2 = 0, moderate quality evidence). Vernakalant is safe and effective for rapid and durable restoration of sinus rhythm in patients with recent-onset AF.ConclusionVernakalant should be a first line option for the pharmacological cardioversion of patients with haemodynamically stable recent-onset AF without severe structural heart disease.
Alcohol use among conflict-affected persons in Ukraine: risk factors, coping and access to mental health services
Authors: Ramachandran Anu , Makhashvili Nino , Javakhishvili Jana , Karachevskyy Andriy , Kharchenko Natalia , Shpiker Marina , Ezard Nadine , Fuhr Daniela C , Roberts Bayard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
There are approximately 1.5 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine as a result of the conflict in eastern Ukraine. Exposure to violence, forced displacement and increased mental disorders are potential risk-factors for alcohol use disorder (AUD). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for AUD among Ukrainian IDPs and investigate the relationship between AUD, mental health service utilization and coping behaviours.

Methods
A nation-wide cross-sectional survey of 2203 IDPs was conducted. Data were collected on AUD [using alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT)], mental health disorders, utilization of health services and coping behaviours. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for AUD, and to estimate the odds ratios for the association between alcohol use and utilization of health services and coping behaviours.

Results
Of 2203 IDPs surveyed, 8.4% of men and 0.7% of women screened positive for AUD (AUDIT &gt;7). Among current drinkers, AUD was present in 14.9% of men and 1.8% of women. Age, cumulative trauma exposure and anxiety were significantly associated with AUD in multivariable analysis. Alcohol users were 43% less likely to access health services for mental health compared with non-users. AUD was associated with more negative coping behaviours.

Conclusions
AUD is present within the male Ukrainian IDP population. Alcohol use was significantly associated with lower utilization of mental health services and more negative coping behaviours. AUD screening and low-intensity treatment services should be expanded for IDPs in Ukraine, particularly if integrated into mental health and psychosocial support programmes.
Investigating the process of evidence-informed health policymaking in Bangladesh: a systematic review
Authors: Dodd Madeleine , Ivers Rebecca , Zwi Anthony B , Rahman Aminur , Jagnoor Jagnoor 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Over the last four decades, Bangladesh has made considerable improvements in population health, this is in part due to the use of evidence to inform policymaking. This systematic review aims to better understand critical factors that have facilitated the diffusion of scientific evidence into multiple phases of health policymaking in Bangladesh. To do this an existing policy framework designed by Shiffman and Smith in 2007, was used to extract and synthesize data from selected policy analyses. This framework was used to ensure the content, context and actors involved with evidence-informed policymaking were considered in each case where research had helped shape a health policy. The ‘PRISMA Checklist’ was employed to design pre-specified eligibility criteria for the selection of information sources, search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and process of data extraction and synthesis. Through our systematic search conducted from February to May 2017, we initially identified 1859 articles; after removal of duplicates, followed by the screening of titles, abstracts and full-texts, 24 articles were included in the analysis. Health policy issues included the following topics: maternal and child health, tobacco control, reproductive health, infectious disease control and the impact and sustainability of knowledge translation platforms. Findings suggested that research evidence that could be used to meet key targets associated with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were more likely to be considered as a political (and therefore policy) priority. Furthermore, avenues of engagement between research organizations and the government as well as collective action from civil-society organizations were important for the diffusion of evidence into policies. Through this article, it is apparent that the interface between evidence and policy formulation occurs when evidence is, disseminated by a cohesive policy-network with strong leadership and framed to deliver solutions for problems on both the domestic and global development agenda.
Process and Product Innovations from a Statewide Capacity-Building Initiative for Substance Use Treatment and Recovery
Authors: Iachini Aidyn , Seay Kristen , DeHart Dana , Petiwala Aliza , Browne Teri 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Statewide behavioral health collaborative capacity-building initiatives are designed to support substance use agencies in strengthening their behavioral health services delivery and implementing evidence-supported practices. This study explored the types of innovations resulting from one such statewide behavioral health initiative, as well as the facilitators and barriers to implementing these innovations, from the perspective of the substance use agencies involved in the initiative. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 67 agency stakeholders and 93 agency progress reports. Results indicated that 161 innovations emerged through this project for the substance use agencies, including staffing; policy, procedure, and technology; partnerships; training and media products; and service innovations. Agency facilitators included collaboration/partnership, project buy-in, and quality of agency staff. Barriers to implementation included lack of collaboration or partnerships, agency infrastructure or climate, lack of project buy-in, and funding and billing issues. The article concludes with a discussion on implications for social work practice in behavioral health.
Cardiovascular disease risk in the siblings of women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Karthik Subramaniam , Vipin V P , Kapoor Aditya , Tripathi Archana , Shukla Manoj , Dabadghao Preeti 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Do the siblings of Asian Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) manifest increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD)?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Siblings had functional endothelial dysfunction (FMD was reduced) when compared to age and BMI-matched controls while sisters but not brothers had structural endothelial dysfunction (CIMT was increased).

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Siblings of women with PCOS have increased metabolic risk but it varies with ethnicity. Among Asian Indians the only previous study has shown reduced FMD in brothers.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This study was a tertiary care hospital-based cross-sectional case control study in the outpatient department of the endocrine clinic over 18 months. In total, 41 brothers and 35 sisters of women with PCOS (diagnosed by 2003 Rotterdam criteria) were recruited.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Age (±2 years), sex and BMI- (±1 kg/m2) matched controls were selected. Cases and controls underwent clinical and biochemical investigations. Cardiologists performed doppler ultrasonogram to determine CIMT and FMD in a blinded fashion.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
FMD was decreased in brothers [median 12.3% interquartile range (5.1, 19) versus 18.4% (12.6, 21.5), P = 0.002] and in sisters [10.8% (5.8, 17.2) versus 14.7% (11.4, 18.2), P = 0.027] when compared to controls. CIMT was higher in sisters [median 0.4 mm (0.35, 0.5) versus 0.3 mm (0.3, 0.4), P= 0.002] when compared to controls but not in brothers. Metabolic syndrome was more common in brothers (27% versus 5% in controls, P = 0.007) even after matching for age and BMI. Insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and acanthosis) was higher in brothers as compared to controls. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate was significantly elevated in brothers.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
There may have been referral bias of patients with PCOS in a tertiary care institute, and the radiological assessment was performed by two cardiologists serially on different time frames over the study duration. Power was only 50% in CIMT for brothers.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Siblings of women with PCOS had higher CVD risk over and above the already pre-existing higher metabolic risk associated with Asian Indian ethnicity and therefore the siblings require vigilant management. Endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance seems to be a heritable trait of PCOS independent of obesity, which if confirmed in other ethnicities would have important implications.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
Funded by Intramural Research Grant (PGI/DIR/RC/943/2013) from the Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences. No competing interests.
The Evolution of CAM Photosynthesis in Australian Calandrinia Reveals Lability in C3+CAM Phenotypes and a Possible Constraint to the Evolution of Strong CAM
Authors: Hancock Lillian P , Holtum Joseph A M , Edwards Erika J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAustralian Calandrinia has radiated across the Australian continent during the last 30 Ma, and today inhabits most Australian ecosystems. Given its biogeographic range and reports of facultative Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis in multiple species, we hypothesized (1) that CAM would be widespread across Australian Calandrinia and that species, especially those that live in arid regions, would engage in strong CAM, and (2) that Australian Calandrinia would be an important lineage for informing on the CAM evolutionary trajectory. We cultivated 22 Australian Calandrinia species for a drought experiment. Using physiological measurements and δ13C values we characterized photosynthetic mode across these species, mapped the resulting character states onto a phylogeny, and characterized the climatic envelopes of species in their native ranges. Most species primarily utilize C3 photosynthesis, with CAM operating secondarily, often upregulated following drought. Several phylogenetically nested species are C3, indicating evolutionary losses of CAM. No strong CAM was detected in any of the species. Results highlight the limitations of δ13C surveys in detecting C3+CAM phenotypes, and the evolutionary lability of C3+CAM phenotypes. We propose a model of CAM evolution that allows for lability and reversibility among C3+CAM phenotypes and C3 and suggest that an annual life-cycle may preclude the evolution of strong CAM.
Motives and Side-Effects of Microdosing With Psychedelics Among Users
Authors: Hutten Nadia R P W , Mason Natasha L , Dolder Patrick C , Kuypers Kim P C 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMicrodosing with psychedelics has gained considerable media attention where it is portrayed as a performance enhancer, especially popular on the work floor. While reports are in general positive, scientific evidence about potential negative effects is lacking aside from the prevalence and motives for use. The present study addressed this gap by surveying psychedelic users about their experience with microdosing including their dosing schedule, motivation, and potential experienced negative effects.MethodsAn online questionnaire was launched on several websites and fora between March and July 2018. Respondents who had consented, were 18 years of age or older, and had experience with microdosing were included in the analyses.ResultsIn total, 1116 of the respondents were either currently microdosing (79.5%) or microdosed in the past (20.5%). Lysergic acid diethylamide (10 mcg) and psilocybin (0.5 g) were the most commonly used psychedelics with a microdosing frequency between 2 and 4 times per week. The majority of users, however, were oblivious about the consumed dose. Performance enhancement was the main motive to microdose (37%). The most reported negative effects were of psychological nature and occurred acutely while under the influence.ConclusionIn line with media reports and anecdotes, the majority of our respondents microdosed to enhance performance. Negative effects occurred mostly acutely after substance consumption. However, the main reason to have stopped microdosing was that it was not effective. Future experimental placebo-controlled studies are needed to test whether performance enhancement can be quantified and to assess potential negative effects after longer term microdosing.