bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
γδ T Cell Update: Adaptate Orchestrators of Immune Surveillance
Authors: Hayday Adrian C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
As interest in γδ T cells grows rapidly, what key points are emerging, and where is caution warranted? γδ T cells fulfill critical functions, as reflected in associations with vaccine responsiveness and cancer survival in humans and ever more phenotypes of γδ T cell–deficient mice, including basic physiological deficiencies. Such phenotypes reflect activities of distinct γδ T cell subsets, whose origins offer interesting insights into lymphocyte development but whose variable evolutionary conservation can obfuscate translation of knowledge from mice to humans. By contrast, an emerging and conserved feature of γδ T cells is their “adaptate” biology: an integration of adaptive clonally-restricted specificities, innate tissue-sensing, and unconventional recall responses that collectively strengthen host resistance to myriad challenges. Central to adaptate biology are butyrophilins and other γδ cell regulators, the study of which should greatly enhance our understanding of tissue immunogenicity and immunosurveillance and guide intensifying clinical interest in γδ cells and other unconventional lymphocytes.
Functional MRI in epilepsy – Comparison of Lateralization index and language scoring
Authors: Prabhakar Anuj , Khandelwal Niranjan , Vyas Sameer , Gupta Vivek , Kharbanda Parampreet S , Mohanty Manju 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the role of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in epilepsy management and to ascertain whether laterality index (LI) derived from fMRI data, using routinely utilized paradigms, can serve as an adjunct to/or replace preoperative neuropsychological testing for evaluation of language lateralization and impairment. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study which included 20 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy over a period of 1 year. Neuropsychological assessment included oral word association test and animal names test. The scores of both tests were compared with normographic data provided in the NIMHANS neuropsychology battery. Three fMRI paradigms were used, namely, picture naming, word generation, and sentence completion. Processing and statistical analysis were performed subsequently. Results and Conclusion: Right temporal lobe epilepsy (RTLE) was seen in 12 patients and left temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE) in 8 patients. All patients were right handed. The activation pattern was predominantly left lateralized. Language lateralization varied with the type of paradigm. The overall percentage of patients showing left lateralization ranged from 44.00% for the picture naming task to 75% for the sentence completion. Reduced left lateralization was noted in both LTLE and RTLE patients. A negative correlation was observed in LTLE patients between performance in the verbal fluency and the lateralization index in the temporal and parietal regions of interest (ROI) in the word generation paradigm, suggesting that increased left lateralization was associated with a poorer score on neuropsychological tests. In RTLE patients, however, there was no significant correlation between performance in neuropsychological tests and LI. In conclusion, language lateralization using LI can serve as an adjunct during preoperative evaluation. However, it cannot replace neuropsychological testing.
Endovascular treatment of refractory iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm using Amplatzer vascular plugs following unsuccessful retrograde Angio-Seal deployment
Authors: Loh Eu Jhin , Allen Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIatrogenic common femoral artery pseudoaneurysm is a well-known vascular access complication of angiography and transfemoral intervention. Thrombin injection is a well-accepted technique in treating these pseudoaneurysms but possess a significant risk of distal lower extremity thrombosis leading to severe consequences. Several case reports described the novel approach to closing these pseudoaneurysms via a retrograde deployment of an Angio-Seal vascular closure device. We describe a case of a successful treatment of refractory iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm using Amplatzer vascular plugs following unsuccessful retrograde deployment of an Angio-Seal vascular closure device.
Venous reflux into renal and spinal veins on MDCT in a surviving patient
Authors: Bingi Sumana , Kanugula Sahaja , Keerthipati Swarupa , Bankupalli Kalyani , Thimmoji Balakrishna Gowdu , Vedula Rajanikanth Rao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn patients of cardiac arrest or near death, opacification of inferior vena cava and renal veins during the arterial phase of intravenous contrast administration at computed tomography (CT) examination is well known. We present a case of extensive reflux into renal and spinal veins in a patient who survived for 1 week following multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) examination without any life supporting devices.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) from esophagus to anorectum – diagnosis, response evaluation and surveillance on computed tomography (CT) scan
Authors: Panbude Sushil N , Ankathi Suman K , Ramaswamy Anant T , Saklani Avanish P 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) are the most common non epithelial tumor of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They arise from interstitial cells of Cajal present in the myenteric plexus. They can also arise outside the GI tract from mesentery, retro peritoneum and omentum. With the advent of new targeted molecular therapy c- tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Imatinib), it has become important to differentiate between response and pseudo-progression of the disease as response evaluation criteria for GIST are different from Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Purpose of this pictorial essay is to enumerate the characteristic CT features of GIST, and discuss atypical features and response evaluation criteria.
Diagnostic accuracy of intermediate b-value diffusion-weighted imaging for detection of residual hepatocellular carcinoma following transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads
Authors: Hassan Ahmed E , Mostafa Radwa E , Nada Ayman , Elazab Mohamed S , Awad Ahmed Sayed , Hamed Ikram M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in the detection of residual malignant tumor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with drug-eluting beads (DEBs). Subjects and Methods: Pre-contrast T1, T2, dynamic contrast–enhanced, and respiratory-triggered DW-MRI (b factor 0, 400, and 800 s/mm2) were obtained in 60 patients with HCC who underwent tran-sarterial hepatic chemoembolization with DEBs. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the DW imaging images. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated searching for the optimal cut-off value using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: DW-MRI had a sensitivity of 77.1%, a specificity of 60.7%, a PPV of 71.05%, and a NPV of 68%. The difference between the malignant and benign groups’ ADC variables was statistically significant (P < 0.003). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve is C = 0.718 with SE = 0.069 and 95% confidence interval from 0.548 to 0.852. Conclusion: In our study, we demonstrated that diffusion MRI has limited diagnostic value in the assessment of viable tumor tissue after TACE with DEBs in cases of HCC.
Comparison of Autonomic Function using Valsalva Ratio, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure in Meditators and Nonmeditators
Authors: Bassi Roopam ,   Kiran , Girgla Kawalinder 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn recent years, the various health benefits of meditation have been acknowledged by the scientific community as well as by the public. Apart from its physiological benefits, it can also improve the psychological and spiritual well-being. A case–control study was planned to investigate the effect of Rajyoga Meditation on cardiovascular autonomic activity in meditators and nonmeditators.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted on 100 subjects, randomized into two groups: meditators (n = 50; age 35.80 ± 7.69 years) and nonmeditators (n = 50; age 36.76 ± 6.38 years). The meditator group practiced meditation for 30 minutes in the morning as well as in the evening. The control group did not practice any type of meditation or relaxation techniques. The cardiovascular parameters – heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and Valsalva maneuver tests – were performed in both the groups in the same environmental conditions. The data were compiled and analyzed using unpaired t test.ResultsThe mean values of HR in meditators and the control group were 77.08 ± 5.39 and 80.68 ± 5.71 respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean values of SBP in meditators and nonmeditators were 124.60 ± 5.39 and 129.56 ± 4.30 mm Hg respectively, while those for DBP were 77.84 ± 4.65 and 80.80 ± 4.78 mm Hg respectively. The difference in both was statistically significant. In meditators, Valsalva ratio was 1.60 ± 0.20, while in nonmeditators, it was 1.33 ± 0.13, and the difference was highly significant.ConclusionSignificant improvement is seen in physiological, cardiac, and parasympathetic parameters in Rajyoga meditators. A shift of the autonomic balance toward the parasympathetic side is seen. By purposefully energizing the parasympathetic system by meditation, we can combat the ill effects of stress and help heal many health conditions.How to cite this articleKiran, Thaman RG, Bassi R, Girgla K. Comparison of Autonomic Function using Valsalva Ratio, Heart Rate, and Blood Pressure in Meditators and Nonmeditators. Curr Trends Diagn Treat 2017;1(1):6-9.
Informed Consent: A Legal Formality or a Mandate
Authors: Kaur Navpreet 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Doctor patient relationship which in olden days was a highly revered one has undergone considerable change due to the greater awareness among patients regarding their rights and easy access to litigation process. The profession which was considered the most humble one has transformed into a service and falls under the purview of Consumer Protection act. Informed consent is a concept which gives the person right to pick and choose from the different types of treatment modalities, right to voluntarily suffer any harm which may occur during treatment thereby also decreasing the burden of responsibility which falls upon the doctor's shoulders to pick the best treatment modality for his patient and to bear the brunt of patient and his relatives if something goes wrong. Thus informed consent is not just a legal formality but a mandate which guarantees not only the best treatment for the patient as per his choice but also safeguards a doctor against unnecessary litigations.

How to cite this article
Kaur N. Informed Consent: A Legal Formality or a Mandate. Curr Trends Diagn Treat 2017;1(1):50-52.
Spines and homologues in ‘araphid’ diatoms
Authors: Williams David M. 
Published: July 2019

Background and aims – Many diatoms have spines on the surface of their valves. These structures differ from one taxon to another. Are all these spines the same? Are they homologues of one another? This paper sets out to explore some of the issues surrounding the determination of homologues with reference to members of Fragilariaceae.
Methods – A variety of spines from species in Fragilariaceae are examined (in the SEM) and position on the valve documented relative to those already recorded in the literature.
Key results – Spines that occur on the valves of some ‘araphid’ diatoms in Fragilariaceae can be interpreted in the light of where they are found. Spines that occur on the virgae can be thought of as modifications of that structure; spines that occur on the vimines can be thought of as modifications of that structure – the two kinds of spines are not homologues of each other. The term ‘spine’, on its own, is not useful for understanding taxon relationships; the term ‘spine’ is not even a character in the comparative biology sense but a descriptive catch-all for something that simply ‘sticks out from a surface’.
Conclusions – Systematic characters, those applicable to comparative biology, are modifications of other characters and so are, in one sense, like taxonomies: hierarchical. A consequence of this is that plotting morphological characters on molecular trees of relationships is a futile endeavour – treating characters and their modifications, as if they are static (unit) features of a non-changing entity, is book-keeping not science.
Contribuição Do Gead Para A Práxis Pedagógica De Professores Da Rede Municipal De Anápolis
Authors: Batista Tatiane Custódio da Silva , Fonseca Maria Aparecida Rodrigues da 
Published: July 2019

Este artigo busca analisar os subsídios dos estudos realizados pelo Grupo de extensão e pesquisa em Tecnologias e Educação a Distância (GEaD) para atuação docente no município de Anápolis, além de discutir e evidenciar seus desdobramentos desde a fundação do grupo e a participação da equipe da Rede Municipal de Educação de Anápolis nas pesquisas propostas. Ao apresentarmos o princípio da indissociabilidade no tripé ensino, pesquisa e extensão, pautamos nosso enfoque nesta última atividade e discorremos sobre os impactos nos trabalhos realizados pelo GEaD, com objetivo de refletir acerca do papel dos projetos de extensão enquanto fomentadores da troca de saberes entre a comunidade universitária e a sociedade. Por fim, enfatizamos a importância da extensão universitária por meio do grupo de estudos enquanto instrumento imperativo ao aspecto formativo na rede municipal supracitada.
Divulgação Do Curso De Engenharia De Alimentos No Município De Itaquiraí-Ms
Authors: Ferrari Gabrieli Da Silva , Santos Pedro Paullo Alves dos , Fialho Luana Késia dos Santos , Morato Priscila  Morato Neder , Fuzinatto Mariana Manfroi 
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a divulgação do curso de engenharia de alimentos, para os discentes de escolas publicas de Itaquiraí, município vizinho a Naviraí, onde se localiza a unidade da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso so Sul (UEMS), onde é ofertado o curso de Engenharia de Alimentos. A divulgação teve como finalidade enfatizar informações atraves de banners e palestras para os alunos do ensino médio. Os alunos aprenderam as funções e a importância do engenheiro na elaboração de novos produtos e tecnologias inovadoras, para melhor atender ao público consumidor. Na maioria das vezes, os alunos do ensino médio tem dificuldade em decidir qual o curso de graduação Nesses momentos, também foram esclarecidas dúvidas sobre o curso e areas de atuação profissional. Conclui-se que as informações transmitidas aos alunos geraram um novo olhar e perspectiva sobre o curso e a área de alimentos, e proporcionado uma oportunidade de integração com uma universidade pública estadual.
Accumulated and recent migratory at traction in Mexico and Veracruz. Analysis with special reference to the state of Veracruz
Authors: Bastián Lima Violeta Alejandra , Vázquez Vázquez José Dionicio 
Published: July 2019

La atracción migratoria (reciente y acumulada) es una construcción específica de la migración interna, la cual contiene dinámicas socioeconómicas y culturales, entre otras, desde los centros rurales o urbanos, con perspectivas territoriales y regionales. En México, el indicador de la atracción migratoria reciente muestra mejores condiciones y dinámicas de la economía desde hace siete años. Por su parte, Veracruz presenta desde hace una década un importante crecimiento demográfico y de inmigración interna, además de una significativa migración hacia entidades del norte. En este contexto, el objetivo del artículo es construir indicadores de atracción migratoria y reciente a nivel nacional y para el estado de Veracruz, que sirvan como base para futuras investigaciones que profundicen en las causas y factores de la migración interna, y expliquen las dinámicas entre un territorio y otro.
The migratory attraction (recent and accumulated) is a specific construction of internal migration, which contains socio - economic and cultural dynamics, among others; from rural or urban centers, with territorial and regional perspectives. In Mexico, the indicator of recent migration attraction shows the best conditions and dynamics of the economy since seven years ago. On the other hand, Veracruz has had an important demographic and internal immigration growth since a decade, as well as an important migration towards northern entities. In this context, the objective of the article is to build indicators of mig ratory and recent attraction at the national level and for the state of Veracruz, which serve as a basis for future research that delves into the causes and factors of internal migration and explain the dynamics between one territory and another.
Inuit Symbolism of the Bearded Seal
Authors: Sonne Birgitte 
Published: July 2019

The skins of the bearded seal—both dress and interior skins—were indispensable in Inuit/Yupiit technology. Converted into straps, thongs, covers, pokes, rain clothing, and underwear, the skins served to make transport possible, facilitate hunting activities, and protect people against wet and stormy weather. Similarly, the same skin objects permitted contact and exchanges with the beings of the Other Worlds, on which the earthly life of humans depended. Symbolic analysis of the characteristics of bearded seal as reflected in ritual, myth, and sayings reveals that bearded seal turns out to bear both frightening and beneficial meanings. Feared in the figure of a bogey at the height of winter, welcomed as the first seal to arrive from a great distance in early spring, inspiring reproduction and protecting Raven in renewing the earth at equinoxes, bearded seal made the Inuit/Yupiit world cohere.
A highly diverse fungal community associated with leaves of the mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius var. xiamenensis revealed by isolation and metabarcoding analyses
Authors: Chi Wei-Chiung , Chen Weiling , He Chih-Chiao , Guo Sheng-Yu , Cha Hyo-Jung , Tsang Ling Ming , Ho Tsz Wai , Pang Ka-Lai 
Published: July 2019

A high diversity of culturable foliar endophytic fungi is known from various mangrove plants, and the core taxa include species from Colletotrichum, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma, Phomopsis, Sporomiella, among others. Since a small fraction of fungi is able to grow in culture, this study investigated the diversity of fungi associated with leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius var. xiamenensis using both isolation and metabarcoding approaches. A total of 203 isolates were cultured from surface-sterilized leaves, representing 47 different fungal species: 30 species from the winter samples (104 isolates), and 26 species from the summer samples (99 isolates). Ascomycota was dominant in both types of leaf samples, while Basidiomycota was isolated only from the summer samples. Drechslera dematioidea (10.58%, percentage of occurrence), Colletotrichum sp. 3 (7.69%) and Alternaria sp. (7.69%) were dominant in the winter samples; Fusarium oxysporum (13.13%), Diaporthe endophytica (10.10%) and Colletotrichum sp. 1 (9.09%) in the summer samples. Overall, Corynespora cassiicola (6.90%), F. oxysporum (6.40%) and Guignardia sp. (6.40%) had the highest overall percentage of occurrence. In the metabarcoding analysis, a total of 111 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from 17 leaf samples: 96 OTUs from the winter and 70 OTUs from the summer samples. Sequences belonging to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were detected in both samples but the former phylum was dominant over the latter. Based on read abundance, taxa having the highest percentage of occurrence included Alternaria sp. (3.46%), Cladosporium delicatulum (2.56%) and Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora (1.41%) in the winter leaves, and Aureobasidium sp. (10.72%), Cladosporium sp. (7.90%), C. delicatulum (3.45%) and Hortaea werneckii (3.21%) in the summer leaves. These latter four species also had the highest overall percentage of occurrence. Combining the results from both methods, a high diversity of fungi (at least 110 species) was found associated with leaves of A. ilicifolius var. xiamenensis. Many of the fungi identified were plant pathogens and may eventually cause diseases in the host.
Investigation into the Possible Risk Effects Associated with Drug and Alcohol-induced Gastrointestinal Ulcer in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Apalowo Oladayo E. , Areola Oladayo J. , Ogunleye Gbenga S. , Odukoya Ayodeji S. , Babalola Olusegun O. 
Published: July 2019

Aim: The study investigated the possible risks associated with gastrointestinal ulcer disease by evaluating the biochemical response of three body organs; heart, kidney and liver, in gastric ulcerated rats.
Methodology: Twenty male wistar albino rats were used in the study. Gastric ulcer was induced in rats with single oral dose of 400 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) aspirin, 80 mg/kg b.w. indomethacin and 5 ml/kg b.w. acidified ethanol (40:60 v/v). Blood samples were collected into heparinized bottle and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 mins to obtain the plasma. Gastric tissue, liver, kidney and heart were also collected.
Results: Oral administration of 400 mg/kg b.w. aspirin, 80 mg/kg b.w. indomethacin and 5 ml/kg b.w. acidified ethanol caused a remarkable increase in ulcer index. There was observed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in AST and ALT activities in gastric ulceration caused by aspirin (Asp), with no significant (p<0.05) change in total protein (TP) concentration, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activity. However, there was increase in creatinine and urea concentration. Acidified ethanol and Indomethacin-induced ulcerated rats showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in all other parameters except ALT and lactate dehydrogenase activities which did not show any significant (p<0.05) change. There was also observed a significant (p<0.05) increase in creatine kinase activity in indomethacin-induced ulcerated rats.
Conclusion: Overall, the result indicates a link between gastric ulcer and organ toxicity. The use of NSAIDs above the therapeutic doses in the treatment of pains and related illness as well as excess consumption of alcohol is shown to negatively impact the stomach and cause serious damage to different body organs of wistar rats.