bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maironio Pavasario balsų (1895–1927) leksikos redagavimas
Authors: Venckienė Jurgita 
Published: March 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
During period of 1895–1927, Maironis prepared and published five editions of Pavasario balsai: they were published in 1895, 1905, 1913, 1920 and 1927. Over the course of more than thirty years, which yielded the first and the last editions, the concept and the usage of Standard Lithuanian language has changed. In the last decade of the 19th century, the norms of Standard Lithuanian have not yet been set, and still varied much in the beginning of 20th century. Therefore, it is understandable that Maironis revised the language of each edition, taking into account the changing usage and the recommendations of linguists his congenials.
The goal of this research is to find out how Maironis edited the lexis of Pavasario balsai. Analyzed are those lexis revision cases that were potentially affected by the process of the development of the standard language. This aspect of Maironis’s poetry has not been analyzed so far. The analysis of the editions of the lexis of Maironis’s Pavasario balsai shows that some words, which, in the course of the development of standard language, began to be treated as ineligible, were refused by Maironis; other words were amended in a not-as-continuous manner, the author perhaps not being sure about their usage. A certain part of the borrowed lexis, which was even not recommended for usage, was still used by Maironis.
The editions of the lexis of Pavasario balsai and the way foreign words were changed into Lithuanian equivalents do not only reveal Maironis’s attitude to the emergence of lexis norms but also illustrate the changing concept of a standard language and the emergence of lexis norms.
Perkūno ir aitivaro etimologijos
Authors: Ostrowski Norbert 
Published: March 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
The present paper consists of two parts. The first one is dedicated to the etymology of the Lithuanian noun perkūnas (“thunder, thunderbolt”). According to the author, perkūnas is a derivative with a possessive suffix -Hon- / -Hn from the IDE *perkwu-s (“oak”). The second part concerns the origin of the Lithuanian aitvaras (“supernatural being,” OLith. aitvaras). The analyzed noun is an instance of the so-called Caland system in the Baltic languages, and it traces back to the older compound word with the meaning *“being bestowed with flaming power.”
Ar XVII a. latvių kalbos žodynai – patikimi senųjų reikšmių aiškinimo kelrodžiai?
Authors: Trumpa Anta 
Published: March 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
This paper analyzes two of the 17th century Latvian dictionaries – the Lettus by Georgius Mancelius and the dictionary manuscripts of Christopher Fürecker from the end of the 17th century. The task of the paper: based on the experience gained working with the Historical Dictionary of the Latvian Language, to try and determine how reliable the translations of the meanings found in the 17th century dictionaries are and to what extent can they be used for determining the meanings in the historical dictionary.
Examples included in the Historical Dictionary of the Latvian Language are divided into several groups depending on the following aspects: 1) Whether a word of the Latvian language or its German translation is or is not commonly used nowadays; 2) Whether the meaning of these words have or have not changed to the present day. Within each group, one or more examples are considered, including a possible explanation of the meaning of the word in the Historical Dictionary of the Latvian Language.
Based on the examples given, it was concluded that, despite some unequivocal mistakes of explanation of the meaning, in most cases, the explanations of the meanings of the words in the dictionary of G. Mancelius and the manuscripts of the dictionary of K. Fürecker are given correctly, as evidenced by the use of the corresponding words in the related texts. It is more difficult to judge in cases when one must rely solely on dictionaries, the German translations of words, because the German language has also changed significantly since the 17th century; the old Latvian dictionaries contain obsolete words specific to the Baltic German language. In such cases, the historical dictionaries of the German language, dialect dictionaries, as well as the dictionary of the Baltic-German language, are helpful in understanding the word meanings. Consequently, many translations that originally seem like mistakes of the authors of the 17th century dictionaries, however, turn out to be correct after a more in-depth study and a careful analysis of the linguistic circumstances of that respective period.
Samuelio Boguslavo Chylinskio Naujasis Testamentas: leksikografiniuose šaltiniuose nepaliudyti žodžiai ir jų reikšmės
Authors: Thies Felix 
Published: March 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
This article collects all words in Chyliński’s translation of the New Testament that are not attested in the lexicographical sources (contemporary, historical and holistic dictionaries) of the Lithuanian language and analyzes their meaning based on context and etymology.
Aproximación a una Conceptualización de la Supremacía Constitucional a partir de la Jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de los EE. UU
Authors: Sulbaran Álvarez Héctor Mario 
Published: March 2019

El propósito del presente artículo es analizar la irrupción del neoconstitucionalismo, buscando definir un postulado ínsito en este: el principio de supremacía constitucional a partir de la jurisprudencia del máximo tribunal estadounidense, así como en simultanea se examina el fundamento jurídico-político del activismo judicial propio del referenciado paradigma.
Se enmarca el tópico dentro de sus fronteras originarias: el derecho anglosajón, al mismo tiempo que se relaciona tangencialmente con el ordenamiento normativo colombiano en gracia a su tácito impacto en su estructura, máxime en su sistema de fuentes al tornarse como tendencia sucesora del fenómeno tradicional positivista.
Se empleó como método la revisión documental del estado del arte a través de la búsqueda selectiva en bases de datos y el estudio de la literatura tratante de la temática, información procesada a través de fichas de revisión analítica (FRA), fichas bibliográficas y de lectura, así como de análisis jurisprudenciales estandarizados.
Se conceptúa el principio de supremacía constitucional desde las principales doctrinas, previamente identificadas, suscitadas en el sistema administrativo federal estadounidense, concretamente del desarrollo del quehacer de la administración de justicia: las nociones del principio de supremacía constitucional en estricto sentido, la libertad de expresión y la hegemonía de raza, como constantes en el devenir de la Corte Suprema Estadounidense.
Por último, se sienta una postura frente al sustrato posibilitador de la practica judicial como contenedor de los otros brazos del Estado y su auto-atribución para el ejercicio de las políticas públicas con fundamento en la supremacía constitucional.
Reseña: Subirats, M. (2013). Forjar un hombre, moldear una mujer.
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Felicidad 
Published: March 2019

“Forjar un hombre, moldear una mujer” es un libro de divulgación científica de la investigadora Marina Subirats que pertenece al campo de las Ciencias de la Educación y los Estudios de las Mujeres y de Género. Se publicó por primera vez en 2013 por la Editorial Aresta: Aresta mujeres, y posteriormente, en el 2014 se editó en formato digital por la Editorial UOC.
Con esta reseña se pretende rescatar y poner en valor esta excelente obra de la profesora Marina Subirats, aunque somos conscientes de que es una publicación antigua para reseñarla, sigue suscitando el interés y la validez sigue siendo igual de significativa en esta época que estamos viviendo, en la que todo parece tornarse más confuso y enmascarado, y que dificulta aún más si cabe la detección de aquello que se reproduce una y otra vez hasta la saciedad y que se encuentran totalmente normalizados en nuestras vidas, los roles de género. Hoy en día estas normas y preceptos siguen reproduciéndose y transmitiéndose en todos los ámbitos de las personas y como bien nos evidencia Subirats, los vamos aprendiendo mediante las palabras, los juguetes, etc., desde muy temprana edad y que siguen dificultando el desarrollo vital de las personas, y en última instancia derivan hacía una violencia sin precedentes, con el pretexto de exaltar una masculinidad, que ansía el dominio sin consideración ninguna por la vida.
Study the effect of Grave's disease on the different tissues and organs of the body by using Wayne Thyrotoxicosis Diagnostic Index(WTDI) and Basel Metabolic Index(BMI)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science 
Published: March 2019

The present work aimed to study the effect of Grave's disease on the different tissues and organs of the body by using Wayne Thyrotoxicosis Diagnostic Index (WTDI) and Basel Metabolic Index (BMI). To reach such aim, (35) patients were involved (25 females and 10 males). A control group of (15) healthy individuals (10 females and 5 males) was selected for comparison , as well as , the following: 1-	Wayne Thyrotoxicosis Diagnostic Index (WTDI) applied on patient group and control group under the supervision of specialist medical team , this index include (19) sign and symptom , the appearance of one of them may be lead to the others. The sings and symptoms of the index appear only on the patients. There is no Significant differences between the replications of the sings and symptoms between the female patient and the male patients.2-	Basel Metabolic Index (BMI) applied on the patient group and control group , Significant decrease in the mean values of Basel Metabolic Index (BMI) was appeared in comparison with control group.
Isolation and identification of the Myxobacterium Myxococcus fulvus from the Farms and study the inhibitory effect of cells and filtrates against pathogenic fungi
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science 
Published: March 2019

The study was performed to isolate and identify the Myxococcus fulvus from the one hundred samples of soils of farms. Special growth conditions had been used to support the growth of M.fulvus local isolates and suppressed the growth of other microorganisms like
(Drying , High Temperature , High concentration of antibiotics and specific growth media ) M.fulvus isolates had been subjected to the morphological, cultural , biochemical examination for identification , as well as , study the inhibitory activites of cells and filtrates of localized isolates against some pathogenic fungi include (Trichophyton mentagrophytes , Microsporum gypseum , Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxyporum ) by using three methods :- Cup assay , well diffusion and mixed culture , Results obtaind could be summarized as follows :-
1.	(20) out of (100) soil samples , M.fulvus isolated as fruiting bodies depending on baiting technique by bacterial bait.
2.	The media casiton – yeast extract agar was suitable for obtaind the best growth of vegetative swarms as pure culture .
3.	(8) local isolates were showed inhibitory effect against all of the tested pathogenic fungi .
4.	The concentrated filtrates of (3) local isolates were showed highly inhibitory effect than their unconcentrated filtrates against all of the tested pathogenic fungi .
A Pioneering Study of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Photocoagulation to Seal Retinal Breaks and Prevent Hypotony during Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: YANG XUN , ZHA YOUYOU , DU SHU , CHEN XING 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background: During vitrectomy, a relatively high level of accuracy is required when using retinal laser energy, which is difficult to control in the presence of subretinal fluid and other conditions. We explored the clinical effects of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)photocoagulation in closing retinal breaks and preventing hypotony during vitrectomy. We describe the possible indications of RPE photocoagulation. Methods: This was a prospective, non-random, uncontrolled case series study. We recruited 20 patients, with retinal detachment in 20 eyes. In this study, RPE photocoagulation was performed under the detached retina and retinal holes. RPE laser photocoagulation was performed in 3-4 rows at the edge of the periphery around the hole and the tear, replacing the traditional retinal photocoagulation and closing part or all of the retinal break. The energy of RPE photocoagulation was 100-150mJ for 120-200ms to seal the breaks, and the same energy but little gaps for the RPE without covering of retina. Results: After vitrectomy, in 19 eyes, there was a visible pigmentation reaction around the hole and tear, except for 1 eye the retinal hole located in the myelinated nerve fibre area. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6 months after surgery was significantly higher than that before surgery (p=0.002). At the last follow-up, the mean BCVA remained significantly higher than that before surgery (p=0.001).There was no significant difference in BCVA between the 6th month and the last follow-up (p=0.806).The thickness of the neurosensory layer in RPE photocoagulation and retinal photocoagulation area at 1 month after surgery was 216.33±54.42μm and 87.67±34.65μm, respectively. By the end of the follow-up, there were no serious complications, and the retinas of all 20 eyes were reattached. No hypotony occurred after surgery. Conclusions: The effects of RPE photocoagulation and retinal photocoagulation are similar in closing retinal breaks. The RPE laser sealed the retinal breaks and did not damage the neurosensory layer, but still caused pigmentation formation on the RPE, resulting in adhesion between the neurosensory layer and the RPE layer. Laser photocoagulation could be considered as comparable to glue instead of welding when closing the retinal breaks. Trial registration ChiCTR1900021504,2019-02-24.
ECONOMIA SOCIAL, NON-PROFIT SECTOR, TERCEIRO SETOR OU ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA: SENTIDOS, DIFERENÇAS E SIMILARIDADES
Authors: Webering Susana Iglesias 
Published: March 2019

Esse trabalho trata-se de um ensaio interpretativo e reflexivo a partir da revisão bibliográfica relacionada à Economia Social, ao Non-Profit Sector, Terceiro Setor e a Economia Solidária. Tem o objetivo de elucidar os conceitos e suas diferenças, uma vez que estão relacionados ao fenômeno da cooperação e autogestão, coletivos que desenvolvem dinâmicas organizacionais diferenciadas e que contrastam com a organização tradicional, baseada na hetero-gestão e voltada para o mercado. Verifica-se que existe um esforço por parte de poderes públicos, no âmbito científico e por parte dos seus protagonistas para classificar e fortalecer o campo, o que tem resultado em diferentes perspectivas. Em comum, esse campo concentra organizações que se diferenciam das empresas tradicionais e públicas, atendendo a uma parcela importante da população. Uma discussão histórica que evidencia como o fenômeno da cooperação não foi ainda adequadamente interpretado pelo pensamento organizacional, político e econômico.
Evaluation of Local Injection of Bevacizumab against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Xenograft Tumors
Authors: Jiang Xin , Zhang Qiao-Li , Liu Tie-Gang , Zhao Wei-Peng , Yang Ming , Wang Li-Na , Sun Wei-Liang , Pan Lin , Luo Ai-Ping , Huang Jin-Chang , Gu Xiao-Hong 
Published: March 2019

Background and objective:Bevacizumab (BVZ) is a recombinant humanized antibody that inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and is used for the treatment of various types of cancer. BVZ is primarily given by the intravenous drip (I.V.), which often leads to low efficacy and various side effects. Therefore, the present study was to evaluate the effect of local delivery of BVZ against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenograft tumors.Methods:Mice 4T1 TNBC cells were engrafted in female BALB/c mice. After the tumors reached about 5 mm (diameter), animals were treated with BVZ through the local injection from four directions around the tumors. The tumor growth, survival and potential mechanisms of action were evaluated.Results:The growth and microvessel density of engrafted tumors were dramatically reduced with the tumor inhibition rate of 32.8 ± 3%. No obvious side effects were observed. The expression of VEGFA, VEGF receptor (VEGFR), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) and Integrin-5 was significantly reduced in TNBC tumor tissues. In contrast, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 was significantly upregulated in xenograft tumors. Additionally, local delivery of BVZ led to the reduction of VEGFA and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the serum. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that the proteins altered by the local delivery of BVZ were associated with angiogenesis and regulation of cell migration.Conclusion:This study provided evidence associated with local delivery of BVZ against TNBC tumors supporting the use of BVZ local injections to overcome some of the disadvantages associated with I.V. therapy with BVZ.
Facile Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Phenazine-Chromene Hybrid Molecules Derived from Phenazine Natural Product
Authors: Zhang Mei-Chen , Gu Shu-Hui , Liu Guang-Pan , Li Chen-Cheng , Xu Han-Mei , Wu Zhong-Xi , Ye Bo-Ping , Lu Yuan-Yuan , Huang De-Chun , Wang Zhi-Xiang , Jiang Feng 
Published: March 2019

Aim and Objective:
Small molecule targeted drugs can effectively reduce the toxicity
and side effects of drugs, and improve the efficacy of drugs by their specific antitumor activity.
Hence, the development of small molecular targeted drugs for cancer has important significance.
This study was undertaken to design and synthesize novel phenazine-chromene hybrid molecules
in order to optimize the structure and improve the efficacy of this kind of hybrids.

Materials and Methods:
O-diaminobenzene was used as starting material to synthesize twentyfour
heterocyclic compounds designed as hybrid molecules of phenazine and 4H-chromene
pharmacophores by facile methods. The structures of the compound were confirmed by 1H NMR,
13C NMR and HRMS. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro activity
against four human cancer cell lines and two non-cancer cell lines by MTT test.

Results:
Some compounds showed strong cytotoxic activities against HepG2 and A549 cancer
lines (IC50 = 5-10 µM). Comparing 2i with 2l, the introduction of hydrophilic groups on the
phenazine core could not improve the antiproliferative activity significantly. Except 2d and 3c,
compounds owning chlorine substituent on the 4H-chromene pharmacophore seemingly contribute
to enhance the compounds’ antiproliferative activity. Specially, compound 3c showed highest
cytotoxicity against A549 cells with IC50 values of 3.3±0.4 µM. Furthermore, all compounds
showed low or no cytotoxicity against HUVEC and L02 non-cancer cells in vitro.

Conclusion:
Compound 3c may be used as potential lead molecule against A549 cancer cells.
In-Silico QSAR Modelling of Predicted Rho Kinase Inhibitors Against Cardio Vascular Diseases
Authors: Kesar Seema , Paliwal Sarvesh , Sharma Swapnil , Mishra Pooja , Chauhan Monika , Arya Richa , Madan Kirtika , Khan Shagufta 
Published: March 2019

Background: :
Rho-kinase is an essential downstream target of GTP-binding protein RhoA, and
plays a crucial role in the calcium-sensitization pathway. Rho-kinase pathway is critically involved in
phosphorylation state of myosin light chain, leading to increased contraction of smooth muscles. Inhibition
of this pathway has turned out to be a promising target for several indications such as cardiovascular diseases,
glaucoma and inflammatory diseases.

Methods::
The present work focuses on a division-based 2D quantitative structure-activity relationship
(QSAR) analysis along with a docking study to predict structural features that may be essential for the enhancement
of selectivity and potency of the target compounds. Furthermore, a set of indoles and azaindoles
were also projected based on the regression equation as novel developments. Molecular docking was applied
for exploring the binding sites of the newly predicted set of compounds with the receptor.

Results: :
Results of the docked conformations suggested that introduction of non-bulky and substituted
groups in the hinge region of ROCK-II ATP binding pocket would improve the activity by decreasing the
bulkiness or length of the compounds.

Conclusion: :
ADME studies were performed to ascertain the novelty and drug-like properties of the designed
molecules, respectively.
Peripheral Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Bipolar Disorder during Euthymia and in Siblings
Authors: Tatay-Manteiga Amparo , Balanzá-Martínez Vicent , Bristot Giovana , Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael , Kapczinski Flavio , Cauli Omar 
Published: March 2019

Aims:Oxidative stress is increased during the acute phases of bipolar disorder (BD). Our aim here was to analyze oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with BD during euthymia and their siblings.Method:A cross-sectional study was performed in euthymic patients with BD-I (n=48), unaffected siblings (n=23) and genetically unrelated healthy controls (n=21). Protein carbonyl content (PCC), total antioxidant capacity (TRAP), lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and uric acid were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress in blood.Results:The antioxidant capacity (TRAP) was lower (p<0.001) in patients with BD compared to their siblings and controls, whereas no differences were observed in PCC, TBARS or uric acid. In patients, the concentrations of TRAP and TBARS were positively associated with the dose of valproic acid (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). The concentrations of these biomarkers were not significantly associated with any of socio-demographic and clinical variables.Conclusion:A selective reduction in antioxidant capacity is present in BD during euthymia state, whereas other markers of oxidative stress are unaltered during euthymia. Siblings did not show any alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers. Oxidative stress might represent a state-dependent marker in BD. The association between treatment with valproic acid and oxidative stress markers in euthymia deserves further studies.