bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Gluconeogenic Response to Single and Long-Term SGLT2 Inhibition in Lean/Obese Male Hepatic G6pc-Reporter Mice
Authors: Inaba Yuka , Hashiuchi Emi , Watanabe Hitoshi , Kimura Kumi , Sato Makoto , Kobayashi Masaki , Matsumoto Michihiro , Kitamura Tadahiro , Kasuga Masato , Inoue Hiroshi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) consistently reduces blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus but increases hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production, offsetting its glucose-lowering effect. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of SGLT2i on hepatic gluconeogenic response and its mechanism in both insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant states. A hepatic mouse model was generated to show liver-specific expression of Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) driven by the gluconeogenic enzyme gene G6pc promoter. Hepatic gluconeogenic response was evaluated by measuring plasma GLuc activity. SGLT2i was given to lean and obese mice in single gavage administration or 4-week dietary administration with controlled feeding every 3 hours. In lean mice, single-dose SGLT2i increased plasma GLuc activity from 2 hours after administration, decreasing blood glucose and plasma insulin from 1 to 2 hours after administration. In obese mice, which had higher plasma GLuc activity than lean ones, SGLT2i did not further increase GLuc activity despite decreased blood glucose and plasma insulin. Hepatic Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation was attenuated by single-dose SGLT2i in lean mice in accordance with the plasma insulin decrease, but not in obese mice. Long-term SGLT2i administration, which increased plasma GLuc activity in lean mice, decreased it in obese mice from 3 weeks after initiation, with increased hepatic Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation. In conclusion, single SGLT2i administration increases hepatic gluconeogenic response in lean insulin-sensitive mice, but not in obese insulin-resistant mice. Long-term SGLT2i administration relieves obesity-induced upregulation of the hepatic gluconeogenic response by restoring impeded hepatic insulin signaling in obese insulin-resistant mice.
Mechanical stress induces a scalable switch in cortical flow polarization during cytokinesis
Authors: Singh Deepika , Odedra Devang , Dutta Priyanka , Pohl Christian 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
During animal development, cells need to sense and adapt to mechanical forces from their environment. Ultimately, these forces are transduced through the actomyosin cortex. How the cortex simultaneously responds to and creates forces during cytokinesis is not well understood. Here we show that, under mechanical stress, cortical actomyosin flow can switch polarization during cytokinesis in the C. elegans embryo. In unstressed embryos, longitudinal cortical flow contributes to contractile ring formation, while rotational cortical flow is additionally induced in uniaxially loaded embryos, i.e. embryos compressed between two plates. Rotational flow depends on astral microtubule signals and is required for the redistribution of the actomyosin cortex in loaded embryos. Rupture of longitudinally aligned cortical fibers during cortex rotation releases tension, initiates orthogonal longitudinal flow and, thereby, contributes to furrowing in loaded embryos. Moreover, actomyosin regulators involved in RhoA regulation, cortical polarity and chirality are all required for rotational flow, and become essential for cytokinesis under mechanical stress. In sum, our findings extend the current framework of mechanical stress response during cell division and show scaling of orthogonal cortical flows to the amount of mechanical stress.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated AMPK phosphorylation regulates chromosome alignment and mitotic progression
Authors: Stauffer Seth , Zeng Yongji , Santos Montserrat , Zhou Jiuli , Chen Yuanhong , Dong Jixin 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase and cellular metabolic sensor, has been found to regulate cell cycle checkpoints in cancer cells in response to energetic stress, to harmonize proliferation with energy availability. Despite AMPK's emergent association with the cell cycle, it still has not been fully delineated how AMPK is regulated by upstream signaling pathways during mitosis. We report, for the first time, direct CDK1 phosphorylation of both the catalytic α1 and α2 subunits, as well as the β1 regulatory subunit, of AMPK in mitosis. We found that AMPK-knockout U2OS osteosarcoma cells have reduced mitotic indexes and that CDK1 phosphorylation-null AMPK is unable to rescue the phenotype, demonstrating a role for CDK1 regulation of mitotic entry through AMPK. Our results also denote a vital role for AMPK in promoting proper chromosomal alignment, as loss of AMPK activity leads to misaligned chromosomes and concomitant metaphase delay. Importantly, AMPK expression and activity was found to be critical for paclitaxel chemosensitivity in breast cancer cells and positively correlated with relapse-free survival in systemically treated breast cancer patients.
Crystal and Electronic Structures of MgCo2−xMnxO4 as Cathode Material for Magnesium Secondary Batteries Using First-Principles Calculations and Quantum Beam Measurements
Authors: Ishibashi Chiaki , Mizutani Yusuke , Ishida Naoya , Kitamura Naoto , Idemoto Yasushi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The stable structure of the spinels MgCo2O4 and MgCo1.5Mn0.5O4, as Mg secondary battery cathode materials, was investigated by first-principles calculations. The calculated stable structures were compared with the crystal structures obtained by quantum beam measurements. The effect on the electronic structure of the substitution of Mn in MgCo2O4 was examined. Pair distribution function fitting of the normal spinel of MgCo1.5Mn0.5O4 gave a better agreement with experiments than that of MgCo2O4. It was found that Mg/Co cation mixing decreased by the substitution of Mn, as found for the Rietveld analysis of the synchrotron X-ray diffraction. From electron density analysis, it was expected that the Mn-O6 octahedra were more stable than the Co-O6 octahedra because Mn is more attracted to an O atom than a Co atom, that is, the Mn-O bond was stronger than the Co-O bond. The Mg in MgCo1.5Mn0.5O4 was more easily inserted and moved than in MgCo2O4 because the Mg-O bonds near Mn became weak. This fact is consistent with the fact that the first discharge capacity and cycling performance of MgCo1.5Mn0.5O4 were improved over those of MgCo2O4 in charge and discharge tests.
Conserved structure of the NPR1 gene distal promoter isolated from a chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in West Sumatera
Authors: Jamsari Jamsari , Oktavioni Maythesya , Nova Bastian , Candra Ifan Aulia , Asben Alfi , Syukriani Lily 
Published: September 2019

Background: The non-expressor of pathogenesis related gene 1 (NPR1) protein is one of the key regulators in the systemic acquired resistance plant defense system. The cis-acting elements of its distal promoter gene are characterized by salicylic acid inducing elements such as the W-box, RAV1AAT and ASF1, accompanied by enhancer and silencer elements. This study was aimed to isolate and characterize the distal promoter sequence of the NPR1 gene (PD_CbNPR1) from the chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotype Berangkai, a local genotype known to produce large yields, but is susceptible to viral infection. Elucidating its sequence structure will open a broad range of possibilities to engineer the NPR1 gene expression which is important to improve chili pepper resistant. Methods: PCR-based cloning combined with a primer walking strategy was applied in this study. The BioEdit tool was used to edit the sequence and verify sequence integrity, while homology analysis was conducted with BLASTn searching. Identification of a cis-acting element was detected by PLACE, PlantCare, and PlantPAN. Results: Isolation of the complete distal promoter sequence of PD_CbNPR1 produced a fragment 5,950 bp in size. BLASTn search analysis indicated that PD_CbNPR1 sequence is highly conserved (99% identity) showing only a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (base substitution) compared with its reference sequence. Analysis using PLACE tools successfully identified nine cis-acting elements containing a W-box, WLE1, RAV1AAT, TATA-box, CAAT-box, GARE and GT1 with multi repeats and diverse motives, as well as enhancer and silencer elements, which is characterized by a CCAAT-box and GAGAAATT pattern, respectively. Conclusion: The distal promoter of the NPR1 gene is highly conserved, showing only one SNP caused by one base substitution event.
Adaptation, fitness landscape learning and fast evolution
Authors: Reinitz John , Vakulenko Sergey , Grigoriev Dmitri , Weber Andreas 
Published: September 2019

We consider evolution of a large population, where fitness of each organism is defined by many phenotypical traits. These traits result from expression of many genes. Under some assumptions on fitness we prove that such model organisms are capable, to some extent, to recognize the fitness landscape. That fitness landscape learning sharply reduces the number of mutations needed for adaptation. Moreover, this learning increases phenotype robustness with respect to mutations, i.e., canalizes the phenotype. We show that learning and canalization work only when evolution is gradual. Organisms can be adapted to many constraints associated with a hard environment, if that environment becomes harder step by step. Our results explain why evolution can involve genetic changes of a relatively large effect and why the total number of changes are surprisingly small.
Costs and consequences of the Family Nurse Partnership (FNP) programme in England: evidence from the Building Blocks trial
Authors: Bell Kerry , Corbacho Belen , Ronaldson Sarah , Richardson Gerry , Hood Kerry , Sanders Julia , Robling Michael , Torgerson David J. ,   Building Blocks Trial Group
Published: September 2019

Background:The Family Nurse Partnership (FNP) is a licensed intensive home visiting intervention programme delivered to teenage mothers which was originally introduced in England in 2006 by the Department of Health and is now provided through local commissioning of public health services and supported by a national unit led by a consortium of partners. The Building Blocks (BB) trial aimed to explore the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this programme. This paper reports the results of an economic evaluation of the Building Blocks randomised controlled trial (RCT) based on a cost-consequence approach.Methods: A large sample of 1618 families was followed-up at various intervals during pregnancy and for two years after birth. A cost-consequence approach was taken to appraise the full range of costs arising from the intervention including both health and social measures of cost alongside the consequences of the trial, specifically, the primary outcomes.Results: A large number of potential factors were identified that are likely to attract additional costs beyond the implementation costs of the intervention including both health and non-health outcomes.Conclusion: Given the extensive costs and only small beneficial consequences observed within the two year follow-up period, the cost-consequence model suggests that the FNP intervention is unlikely to be worth the substantial costs and policy makers may wish to consider other options for investment.Trial registration:ISRCTN23019866(20/04/2009)
Stress urinary incontinence in relation to pelvic floor muscle strength and associated factors in the third trimester of pregnancy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yunita Astrid , Priyatini Tyas 
Published: September 2019

Background: Many predictors of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) during pregnancy have been investigated. However, no studies have specifically identified a cutoff for pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength and associated factors that could predict SUI during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to identify the cutoff between PFM strength and SUI, late in the third trimester of pregnancy and associated factors in Indonesian women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 142 women with a pregnancy of 36–40 weeks of gestational age at the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic of Tebet Subdistrict Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. The data were collected through a medical interview, Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis, physical examination, perineometer, and cough test. Results: SUI was identified in 54.2% of the 142 women. PFM strength 25.5 cmH2O and estimated fetal weight (EFW) ³3,100 g were the factors with the greatest influence on SUI (odds ratio (OR) = 2.52, p = 0.021, and OR = 3.34, p = 0.001, respectively). For women with PFM strength £25.5 cmH2O and EFW ³3,100 g, the prediction for SUI was ~75.39%. Conclusion: Weakening of the PFMs and EFW influence SUI. The cutoff values identified for both variables may be helpful for predicting SUI late in pregnancy.
Sexual function after stoma formation in women with colorectal cancer
Authors: Tripaldi Ciara 
Published: September 2019

Background: stoma formation is performed on many women with colorectal cancer. The physical effects of this are well known and explained to patients by health professionals. Stoma formation also affects sexual function for a variety of emotional and physical reasons, but this appears to be inadequately discussed. Aim: this literature review examined women's experience of sexual function after stoma formation. Method: five electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies in the English language. Ancestry searches were also performed on the reference lists of the literature identified in this search. Findings: three themes emerged from the review: bodily disturbance; intimate relationships; and devaluation of sexuality. Body image is significantly disturbed by stoma formation, affecting self-esteem and satisfaction with the self. Altered bodily function, with odour and sounds from the stoma bag, is distressing to women. Women find a stoma difficult to accept, and partners'/husbands' acceptance of it has a large impact on how they feel about themselves. Sexual function is commonly overlooked in clinical settings, with health professionals prioritising physical and mental health over sexuality. Conclusions: stoma formation commonly has negative effects on women's sexual function and these should be more thoroughly addressed in healthcare settings. All the publications the author found examined heterosexual relationships and the experience of homosexual women should be studied.
Zur labilen Determination der Imaginalscheiben von Drosophila: VI. Die Umwandlung präsumptiven Rüsselgewebes in Bein- oder Fühlergewebe
Authors: Vogt Marguerite 
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt
Die temperatursensible Periode der Mutante proboscipedia fällt in das letzte Larvenstadium. Es sind somit auch die Rüssel-Imaginalscheiben bei Drosophila bis zum letzten Larvenstadium in ihrer Differenzierungsrichtung noch nicht festgelegt. Die Fühler-Mutante aristopedia zeigt in der Gen-Kombination proboscipedia-aristopedia einen Einfluß auf die Rüssel- Differenzierung, während ein entsprechender Einfluß der Rüssel-Mutante proboscipedia auf die Fühler-Differenzierung nicht nachweisbar ist. Möglicherweise gehen die von proboscipedia abhängigen Entwicklungsprozesse den von ariatopedia gesteuerten Prozessen voran.
Keto-Enol-Umwarrdlurig des Acetessigesters im Gaszustand
Authors: Brieoleb Günther , Rebelein Hans 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Es werden die Keto-Enol-Gleichgewichte des Acetessigesters und die Umwandlungs-wärmen erstmalig im Gaszustand im Temperaturbereich von 0° bis 180° C bestimmt. Der Enolgehalt ist im gasförmigen Zustand (52% bei 20°) viel größer als im flüssigen; er nimmt mit steigender Temperatur ab (14% bei 180°). Es werden die Dampfdrucke und Verdampfungswärmen flüssiger Keto-Enol-Mischungen gemessen und die metastabilen Dampfzusammensetzungen, die mit flüssigen Mischungen verschiedenster K-E-Zusammensetzung im metastabilen Gleichgewicht sind.
Spezifische Wärme, spezifisches Volumen, Temperatur-und Wärmeleitfähigkeit einiger disubstituierter Benzole und polycyclischer Systeme
Authors: Ueberreiter Kurt , Orthmann Hans-Joachim 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Die vorliegende Arbeit dient der Untersuchung zwischenmolekularer Kräfte in organischen Festkörpern. Es werden die spezifische Wärme (cp). das spezifische Volumen (v), die Temperaturleitfähigkeit (a) von:
p-Dichlor-, p-Dibrom-, p-Dijodbenzol, o-, m-, p-Dioxybenzol, o-, m-, p-Dinitrobenzol, Chinon und Hydrochinon, Naphthalin, Diphenyl, Anthracen, Phenanthren und Benzanthren zwischen 20 und 95 °C gemessen und daraus die Wärmeleitfähigkeit (λ) berechnet.
In dem Ausdruck λ = acp/v werden die beiden Größen cp und u zu einer neuen Größe s, die „spezifische Wärmekapazität" genannt wird, zusammengefaßt. Die Temperaturleitfähigkeit wird als Maß für die gegenseitige Kopplung der Molekeln betrachtet.
Als eine auf größere Molekelbezirke ansprechende Größe zeigt die Temperaturleitfähigkeit auch dann noch Vorschmelzerscheinungen an, wenn andere Meßverfahren nicht mehr anspredien, wie z. B. beim Naphthalin.
Beim Phenanthren wird bei etwa 69 °C eine I/II Umwandlung mit einer Umwandlungswärme von 607 cal aufgefunden. Unstetigkeiten der Meßkurven lassen auf Umwandlungen höherer Ordnung beim p-Dichlor-, p-Dijodbenzol und Hydrochinon schließen.
Nach den Meßergebnissen scheinen geringe spezifische Wärmekapazität und hohe Temperaturleitfähigkeit einander zu entsprechen, ohne daß jedoch strenge Proportionalität gegeben ist. Mit steigender Ladung des Substituenten fällt die Wärmeleitfähigkeit bei den Dihalogenbenzolen. Sie erhöht sich mit zunehmender symmetrischer Stellung bei den Dinitrobenzolen und bei benzoider Struktur im Gegensatz zur chinoiden beim Hydrochinon und Chinon. Mit einer Vergrößerung der Molekelfläche von Benzol zum Benzanthren nimmt sie ab.
Spectroscopic and Photochemical Studies of Gossypol in Solution
Authors: Marciniak B. , Kozubek H. , Koput J. , Paszyc S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Spectroscopic properties of gossypol and its stability in different solvents and pH are studied by means of UV-visible absorption and emission spectroscopy. The results are correlated and discussed on the basis of semiempirical INDO/S CI calculations. The influence of oxygen and excitation wavelength on the photodecomposition of gossypol in solution is also investigated.
Nonlocal Symmetry and Consistent Tanh Expansion Method for the Coupled Integrable Dispersionless Equation
Authors: Hu Hengchun , Hu Xiao , Feng Bao-Feng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nonlocal symmetries are obtained for the coupled integrable dispersionless (CID) equation. The CID equation is proved to be consistent, tanh-expansion solvable. New, exact interaction excitations such as soliton–cnoidal wave solutions, soliton–periodic wave solutions, and multiple resonant soliton solutions are discussed analytically and shown graphically.
Adaptive Efficient Coding of Correlated Acoustic Properties
Authors: Lu Kai , Liu Wanyi , Dutta Kelsey , Zan Peng , Fritz Jonathan B. , Shamma Shihab A. 
Published: September 2019

Natural sounds such as vocalizations often have covarying acoustic attributes, resulting in redundancy in neural coding. The efficient coding hypothesis proposes that sensory systems are able to detect such covariation and adapt to reduce redundancy, leading to more efficient neural coding. Recent psychoacoustic studies have shown the auditory system can rapidly adapt to efficiently encode two covarying dimensions as a single dimension, following passive exposure to sounds in which temporal and spectral attributes covaried in a correlated fashion. However, these studies observed a cost to this adaptation, which was a loss of sensitivity to the orthogonal dimension. Here we explore the neural basis of this psychophysical phenomenon by recording single-unit responses from the primary auditory cortex in awake ferrets exposed passively to stimuli with two correlated attributes, similar in stimulus design to the psychoacoustic experiments in humans. We found: (1) the signal-to-noise ratio of spike-rate coding of cortical responses driven by sounds with correlated attributes remained unchanged along the exposure dimension, but was reduced along the orthogonal dimension; (2) performance of a decoder trained with spike data to discriminate stimuli along the orthogonal dimension was equally reduced; (3) correlations between neurons tuned to the two covarying attributes decreased after exposure; and (4) these exposure effects still occurred if sounds were correlated along two acoustic dimensions, but varied randomly along a third dimension. These neurophysiological results are consistent with the efficient coding hypothesis and may help deepen our understanding of how the auditory system encodes and represents acoustic regularities and covariance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe efficient coding (EC) hypothesis (Attneave, 1954; Barlow, 1961) proposes that the neural code in sensory systems efficiently encodes natural stimuli by minimizing the number of spikes to transmit a sensory signal. Results of recent psychoacoustic studies in humans are consistent with the EC hypothesis in that, following passive exposure to stimuli with correlated attributes, the auditory system rapidly adapts so as to more efficiently encode the two covarying dimensions as a single dimension. In the current neurophysiological experiments, using a similar stimulus design and the experimental paradigm to the psychoacoustic studies of Stilp et al. (2010) and Stilp and Kluender (2011, 2012, 2016), we recorded responses from single neurons in the auditory cortex of the awake ferret, showing adaptive efficient neural coding of two correlated acoustic attributes.
Humans Perceive Binocular Rivalry and Fusion in a Tristable Dynamic State
Authors: Riesen Guillaume , Norcia Anthony M. , Gardner Justin L. 
Published: September 2019

Human vision combines inputs from the two eyes into one percept. Small differences “fuse” together, whereas larger differences are seen “rivalrously” from one eye at a time. These outcomes are typically treated as mutually exclusive processes, with paradigms targeting one or the other and fusion being unreported in most rivalry studies. Is fusion truly a default, stable state that only breaks into rivalry for non-fusible stimuli? Or are monocular and fused percepts three sub-states of one dynamical system? To determine whether fusion and rivalry are separate processes, we measured human perception of Gabor patches with a range of interocular orientation disparities. Observers (10 female, 5 male) reported rivalrous, fused, and uncertain percepts over time. We found a dynamic “tristable” zone spanning from ∼25–35° of orientation disparity where fused, left-eye-, or right-eye-dominant percepts could all occur. The temporal characteristics of fusion and non-fusion periods during tristability matched other bistable processes. We tested statistical models with fusion as a higher-level bistable process alternating with rivalry against our findings. None of these fit our data, but a simple bistable model extended to have three states reproduced many of our observations. We conclude that rivalry and fusion are multistable substates capable of direct competition, rather than separate bistable processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen inputs to the two eyes differ, they can either fuse together or engage in binocular rivalry, where each eye's view is seen exclusively in turn. Visual stimuli have often been tailored to produce either fusion or rivalry, implicitly treating them as separate mutually-exclusive perceptual processes. We have found that some similar-but-different stimuli can result in both outcomes over time. Comparing various simple models with our results suggests that rivalry and fusion are not independent processes, but compete within a single multistable system. This conceptual shift is a step toward unifying fusion and rivalry, and understanding how they both contribute to the visual system's production of a unified interpretation of the conflicting images cast on the retina by real-world scenes.