bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin-signaling abnormalities in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia: Transduction protein analyses in extracellular vesicles of putative neuronal origin
Authors: Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Dobrowolny Henrik , Tran Joyce , Mustapic Maja , Frodl Thomas , Meyer-Lotz Gabriela , Schiltz Kolja , Schanze Denny , Rietschel Marcella , Bernstein Hans-Gert , Steiner Johann 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground:Metabolic syndrome and impaired insulin sensitivity may occur as side effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs. However, studies ofperipheralinsulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) or oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) suggest that abnormal glucose metabolism is already present in drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia (DNFES). We hypothesized impairments ofneuronalinsulin signaling in DNFES.Methods:To gain insight into neuronal insulin-signalingin vivo, we analyzed peripheral blood extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin (nEVs). Phosphorylated insulin signal transduction serine-threonine kinases pS312-IRS-1, pY-IRS-1, pS473-AKT, pS9-GSK3β, pS2448-mTOR, pT389-p70S6K and respective total protein levels were determined in plasma nEVs from 48 DNFES patients and healthy matched controls after overnight fasting.Results:Upstream pS312-IRS-1 was reduced at trend level (p = 0.071; this condition may amplify IRS-1 signaling). Exploratory omnibus analysis of downstream serine-threonine kinases (AKT, GSK3β, mTOR, p70S6K) revealed lower phosphorylated/total protein ratios in DNFES vs. controls (p = 0.013), confirming decreased pathway activation. Post-hoc-tests indicated in particular a reduced phosphorylation ratio of mTOR (p = 0.027). Phosphorylation ratios of p70S6K (p = 0.029), GSK3β (p = 0.039), and at trend level AKT (p = 0.061), showed diagnosis-dependent statistical interactions with insulin blood levels. The phosphorylation ratio of AKT correlated inversely with PANSS-G and PANSS-total scores, and other ratios showed similar trends.Conclusion:These findings support the hypothesis of neuronal insulin resistance in DNFES, small sample sizes notwithstanding. The counterintuitive trend towards reduced pS312-IRS-1 in DNFES may result from adaptive feedback mechanisms. The observed changes in insulin signaling could be clinically meaningful as suggested by their association with higher PANSS scores.
Rendezvous design in a cislunar near rectilinear Halo orbit
Authors: Blazquez E. , Beauregard L. , Lizy-Destrez S. , Ankersen F. , Capolupo F. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn the context of future human spaceflight exploration missions, Rendezvous and Docking (RVD) activities are critical for the assembly and maintenance of cislunar structures. The scope of this research is to investigate the specifics of orbits of interest for RVD in the cislunar realm and to propose novel strategies to safely perform these kinds of operations. This paper focuses on far rendezvous approaches and passively safe drift trajectories in the Ephemeris model. The goal is to exhibit phasing orbit requirements to ensure a safe far approach. Ephemeris representations of Near Rectilinear Halo Orbits (NRHOs) were derived using multiple-shooting and adaptive receding-horizon targeting algorithms. Simulations showed significant drift and overlapping properties for phasing and target orbits of interest, motivating the search for safe natural drift trajectories and using impact prediction strategies.
New insights into ice accumulation at Galena Creek Rock Glacier from radar imaging of its internal structure
Authors: Petersen Eric Ivan , Levy Joseph S. , Holt John W. , Stuurman Cassie M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ice-cored Galena Creek Rock Glacier, Wyoming, USA, has been the subject of a number of studies that sought to determine the origin of its ice. We present new observations of the rock glacier's internal structure from ground-penetrating radar to constrain ice and debris distribution and accumulation. We imaged dipping reflectors in the center of the glacier that are weak and discontinuous, in contrast to strong reflectors toward the edge of the cirque beneath large debris-avalanche chutes. These reflectors form a network of concave-up, up-glacier dipping layers. We interpret these as englacial debris bands formed by large debris falls buried by subsequent ice and snow accumulation. They are discontinuous where ice outpaces debris accumulation, but with sufficient debris accumulation an interleaved pattern of ice and debris layers can form. We propose a model in which the ice in these interleaved layers is snowfall preserved by debris-facilitated accumulation. Large debris falls that occur in early spring bury sections of the snowpack, which are then preserved through summer and incorporated into the rock glacier body over time. This study highlights the importance of sequential accumulation of ice and debris for understanding the dynamics of rock glaciers and debris-covered glaciers.
Childhood maltreatment and cognitive functioning in patients with major depressive disorder: a CAN-BIND-1 report
Authors: Chakrabarty Trisha , Harkness Kate L. , McInerney Shane J. , Quilty Lena C. , Milev Roumen V. , Kennedy Sidney H. , Frey Benicio N. , MacQueen Glenda M. , Müller Daniel J. , Rotzinger Susan , Uher Rudolf , Lam Raymond W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) display cognitive deficits in acutely depressed and remitted states. Childhood maltreatment is associated with cognitive dysfunction in adults, but its impact on cognition and treatment related cognitive outcomes in adult MDD has received little consideration. We investigate whether, compared to patients without maltreatment and healthy participants, adult MDD patients with childhood maltreatment display greater cognitive deficits in acute depression, lower treatment-associated cognitive improvements, and lower cognitive performance in remission.MethodsHealthy and acutely depressed MDD participants were enrolled in a multi-center MDD predictive marker discovery trial. MDD participants received 16 weeks of standardized antidepressant treatment. Maltreatment and cognition were assessed with the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse interview and the CNS Vital Signs battery, respectively. Cognitive scores and change from baseline to week 16 were compared amongst MDD participants with (DM+, n = 93) and without maltreatment (DM−, n = 90), and healthy participants with (HM+, n = 22) and without maltreatment (HM−, n = 80). Separate analyses in MDD participants who remitted were conducted.ResultsDM+ had lower baseline global cognition, processing speed, and memory v. HM−, with no significant baseline differences amongst DM−, HM+, and HM− groups. There were no significant between-group differences in cognitive change over 16 weeks. Post-treatment remitted DM+, but not remitted DM−, scored significantly lower than HM− in working memory and processing speed.ConclusionsChildhood maltreatment was associated with cognitive deficits in depressed and remitted adults with MDD. Maltreatment may be a risk factor for more severe and persistent cognitive deficits in adult MDD.
Sexual victimization, PTSD, depression, and social support among women survivors of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti: a moderated moderation model
Authors: Cénat Jude Mary , Smith Kevin , Morse Catherine , Derivois Daniel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn 2010, an important earthquake devastated Haiti and caused thousands of deaths. In a social context where women are particularly vulnerable, this cross-sectional study examined the associations between sexual assaults experienced by women before the earthquake, the earthquake exposure, the traumatic consequences, and their satisfaction of social support received.MethodsA total of 660 women aged 18 to 86 completed questionnaires assessing exposure to the earthquake, sexual assault victimization, peritraumatic distress, Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and social support. A moderated moderation model was computed to examine associations between exposure to the earthquake, sexual assault, social support, and traumatic consequences.ResultsResults showed that 31.06% of women were victims of sexual assault before the earthquake. They presented higher prevalence of peritraumatic distress, PTSD, and depression symptoms, compared to non-victims. The moderated-moderation model showed that sexual assault and exposure to the earthquake were positively associated with traumatic consequences (respectively, B = 0.560, p < 0.001; B = 0.196, p < 0.001), while social support was negatively associated with them (B = −0.095, p < 0.05). Results showed a triple interaction: women victim of sexual assault who were satisfied with received social support are less likely to develop traumatic consequences after being exposed to the earthquake(B = −0.141, p < 0.01).ConclusionsBy demonstrating the role of sexual assault in the development of mental health problems after the Haitian earthquake, this study shows the importance for clinicians to investigate interpersonal trauma experienced before or following natural disasters among survivors. Results also indicate the key role of family and communities to help survivors build resilience and coping strategies with their social support.
Avdo Međedović’s Post-Traditional Epics and Their Relevance to Homeric Studies
Authors: Čolaković Zlatan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract[Milman Parry established first that Homeric poetry was traditional, based on his studies of its formulae and language, and then that it was oral, based on his experience of recording south Slavic epic; he likened the unusually long epics of Avdo Međedović to those of Homer. Albert Lord put the two concepts together, holding that both south Slavic epic and Homeric poetry were oral-traditional and that all oral epic poetry, including that of Međedović, is traditional. However, the author’s investigations into the Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature and his personal experience of collecting epics in Montenegro in 1989 prove that this is incorrect. The poems of Avdo Međedović do not conform to traditional uses of language, theme and story-patterns, but offer something new, of which other traditional singers disapproved, as their recorded conversations demonstrate. Similarly, by analogy, the epics of Homer differed from the traditional poems of the Epic Cycle, exactly as Aristotle indicates in the Poetics. Hence neither Međedović nor, by analogy, Homer were fully traditional poets, although they were oral poets; instead, they deliberately adapted the tradition so that the old stories were mixed and matched into much lengthier and more complex epics, which should be called post-traditional.]
Cellular Invasion and Matrix Degradation, a Different Type of Matrix-Degrading Cells in the Cartilage of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Japanese Quail Embryos (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Soliman Soha A. , Kamal Basma Mohamed , Abd-Elhafeez Hanan H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe previously studied the phenomena of the mesenchymal cell-dependent mode of cartilage growth in quail and catfish. Thus, we selected the two cartilage models in which mesenchymal cells participate in their growth. In such models, cartilage degradation occurred to facilitate cellular invasion. The studies do not explain the nature of the cartilage degrading cells. The current study aims to explore the nature of the cartilage-degrading cells using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry. Samples of cartilage have been isolated from the air-breathing organ of catfish and the cartilage of the prospective occipital bone of quail embryos. Samples have been processed for TEM and immunohistochemistry. We found that two different cell types are involved in cartilage degradation; the macrophage in the cartilage of catfish and mesenchymal cells in the cartilage of the quail. Areas of cellular invasion in both catfish cartilage and quail embryo cartilage had an immunological affinity for MMP-9. In catfish, cartilage-degrading cells had identical morphological features of macrophages, whereas in quail embryos, cartilage-degrading cells were mesenchymal-like cells which had cell processes rich in vesicles and expressed CD117. Further study should consider the role of macrophage and mesenchymal cells during cartilage degradation. This could be valuable to be applied to remove the defective cartilage matrix formed in osteoarthritic patients to improve cartilage repair strategies.
Modular synthesis of α-fluorinated arylmethanes via desulfonylative cross-coupling
Authors: Nambo Masakazu , Yim Jacky C.-H. , Freitas Luiza B. O. , Tahara Yasuyo , Ariki Zachary T. , Maekawa Yuuki , Yokogawa Daisuke , Crudden Cathleen M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstractα-Fluoromethylarenes are common substructures in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, with the introduction of fluorine often resulting in improved biological activity and stability. Despite recent progress, synthetic routes to α-fluorinated diarylmethanes are still rare. Herein we describe the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of α-fluorinated benzylic triflones with arylboronic acids affording structurally diverse α-fluorinated diarylmethanes. The ease of synthesis of fluorinated triflones as the key starting materials enables powerful late-stage transformations of known biologically active compounds into fluorinated analogs.
Adaptation of Plasmodium falciparum to humans involved the loss of an ape-specific erythrocyte invasion ligand
Authors: Proto William R. , Siegel Sasha V. , Dankwa Selasi , Liu Weimin , Kemp Alison , Marsden Sarah , Zenonos Zenon A. , Unwin Steve , Sharp Paul M. , Wright Gavin J. , Hahn Beatrice H. , Duraisingh Manoj T. , Rayner Julian C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPlasmodium species are frequently host-specific, but little is currently known about the molecular factors restricting host switching. This is particularly relevant for P. falciparum, the only known human-infective species of the Laverania sub-genus, all other members of which infect African apes. Here we show that all tested P. falciparum isolates contain an inactivating mutation in an erythrocyte invasion associated gene, PfEBA165, the homologues of which are intact in all ape-infective Laverania species. Recombinant EBA165 proteins only bind ape, not human, erythrocytes, and this specificity is due to differences in erythrocyte surface sialic acids. Correction of PfEBA165 inactivating mutations by genome editing yields viable parasites, but is associated with down regulation of both PfEBA165 and an adjacent invasion ligand, which suggests that PfEBA165 expression is incompatible with parasite growth in human erythrocytes. Pseudogenization of PfEBA165 may represent a key step in the emergence and evolution of P. falciparum.
Integrated evolutionary analysis reveals antimicrobial peptides with limited resistance
Authors: Spohn Réka , Daruka Lejla , Lázár Viktória , Martins Ana , Vidovics Fanni , Grézal Gábor , Méhi Orsolya , Kintses Bálint , Számel Mónika , Jangir Pramod K. , Csörgő Bálint , Györkei Ádám , Bódi Zoltán , Faragó Anikó , Bodai László , Földesi Imre , Kata Diána , Maróti Gergely , Pap Bernadett , Wirth Roland , Papp Balázs , Pál Csaba 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising antimicrobials, however, the potential of bacterial resistance is a major concern. Here we systematically study the evolution of resistance to 14 chemically diverse AMPs and 12 antibiotics in Escherichia coli. Our work indicates that evolution of resistance against certain AMPs, such as tachyplesin II and cecropin P1, is limited. Resistance level provided by point mutations and gene amplification is very low and antibiotic-resistant bacteria display no cross-resistance to these AMPs. Moreover, genomic fragments derived from a wide range of soil bacteria confer no detectable resistance against these AMPs when introduced into native host bacteria on plasmids. We have found that simple physicochemical features dictate bacterial propensity to evolve resistance against AMPs. Our work could serve as a promising source for the development of new AMP-based therapeutics less prone to resistance, a feature necessary to avoid any possible interference with our innate immune system.
Ultrafast self-trapping of photoexcited carriers sets the upper limit on antimony trisulfide photovoltaic devices
Authors: Yang Zhaoliang , Wang Xiaomin , Chen Yuzhong , Zheng Zhenfa , Chen Zeng , Xu Wenqi , Liu Weimin , Yang Yang , Zhao Jin , Chen Tao , Zhu Haiming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAntimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is considered to be a promising photovoltaic material; however, the performance is yet to be satisfactory. Poor power conversion efficiency and large open circuit voltage loss have been usually ascribed to interface and bulk extrinsic defects By performing a spectroscopy study on Sb2S3 polycrystalline films and single crystal, we show commonly existed characteristics including redshifted photoluminescence with 0.6 eV Stokes shift, and a few picosecond carrier trapping without saturation at carrier density as high as approximately 1020 cm−3. These features, together with polarized trap emission from Sb2S3 single crystal, strongly suggest that photoexcited carriers in Sb2S3 are intrinsically self-trapped by lattice deformation, instead of by extrinsic defects. The proposed self-trapping explains spectroscopic results and rationalizes the large open circuit voltage loss and near-unity carrier collection efficiency in Sb2S3 thin film solar cells. Self-trapping sets the upper limit on maximum open circuit voltage (approximately 0.8 V) and thus power conversion efficiency (approximately 16 %) for Sb2S3 solar cells.
Efficient inter-species conjugative transfer of a CRISPR nuclease for targeted bacterial killing
Authors: Hamilton Thomas A. , Pellegrino Gregory M. , Therrien Jasmine A. , Ham Dalton T. , Bartlett Peter C. , Karas Bogumil J. , Gloor Gregory B. , Edgell David R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe selective regulation of bacteria in complex microbial populations is key to controlling pathogenic bacteria. CRISPR nucleases can be programmed to kill bacteria, but require an efficient and broad-host range delivery system to be effective. Here, using an Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica co-culture system, we show that plasmids based on the IncP RK2 conjugative system can be used as delivery vectors for a TevSpCas9 dual nuclease. Notably, a cis-acting plasmid that encodes the conjugation and CRISPR machinery conjugates from E. coli to S. enterica with high frequency compared to a trans system that separates conjugation and CRISPR machinery. In culture conditions that enhance cell-to-cell contact, conjugation rates approach 100% with the cis-acting plasmid. Targeting of single or multiplexed sgRNAs to non-essential genes results in high S. enterica killing efficiencies. Our data highlight the potential of cis-acting conjugative plasmids as a delivery system for CRISPR nucleases or other microbial-altering agents for targeted bacterial killing.
Dendronized fluorosurfactant for highly stable water-in-fluorinated oil emulsions with minimal inter-droplet transfer of small molecules
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Suman , Zheng Wenshan , Kumari Shalini , Heyman John , Zhang Xingcai , Dey Pradip , Weitz David A. , Haag Rainer 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFluorosurfactant-stabilized microfluidic droplets are widely used as pico- to nanoliter volume reactors in chemistry and biology. However, current surfactants cannot completely prevent inter-droplet transfer of small organic molecules encapsulated or produced inside the droplets. In addition, the microdroplets typically coalesce at temperatures higher than 80 °C. Therefore, the use of droplet-based platforms for ultrahigh-throughput combination drug screening and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based rare mutation detection has been limited. Here, we provide insights into designing surfactants that form robust microdroplets with improved stability and resistance to inter-droplet transfer. We used a panel of dendritic oligo-glycerol-based surfactants to demonstrate that a high degree of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding, as well as the dendritic architecture, contribute to high droplet stability in PCR thermal cycling and minimize inter-droplet transfer of the water-soluble fluorescent dye sodium fluorescein salt and the drug doxycycline.
Atomically ordered non-precious Co3Ta intermetallic nanoparticles as high-performance catalysts for hydrazine electrooxidation
Authors: Feng Guang , An Li , Li Biao , Zuo Yuxuan , Song Jin , Ning Fanghua , Jiang Ning , Cheng Xiaopeng , Zhang Yuefei , Xia Dingguo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNano-ordered intermetallic compounds have generated great interest in fuel cell applications. However, the synthesis of non-preciousearly transition metal intermetallic nanoparticles remains a formidable challenge owing to the extremely oxyphilic nature and very negative reduction potentials. Here, we have successfully synthesized non-precious Co3Ta intermetallic nanoparticles, with uniform size of 5 nm. Atomic structural characterizations and X-ray absorption fine structure measurements confirm the atomically ordered intermetallic structure. As electrocatalysts for the hydrazine oxidation reaction, Co3Ta nanoparticles exhibit an onset potential of −0.086 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) and two times higher specific activity relative to commercial Pt/C (+0.06 V), demonstrating the top-level performance among reported electrocatalysts. The Co-Ta bridge sites are identified as the location of the most active sites thanks to density functional theory calculations. The activation energy of the hydrogen dissociation step decreases significantly upon N2H4 adsorption on the Co-Ta bridge active sites, contributing to the significantly enhanced activity.
Synthesis of magnesium-nitrogen salts of polynitrogen anions
Authors: Laniel Dominique , Winkler Bjoern , Koemets Egor , Fedotenko Timofey , Bykov Maxim , Bykova Elena , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Dubrovinskaia Natalia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of polynitrogen compounds is of fundamental importance due to their potential as environmentally-friendly high energy density materials. Attesting to the intrinsic difficulties related to their formation, only three polynitrogen ions, bulk stabilized as salts, are known. Here, magnesium and molecular nitrogen are compressed to about 50 GPa and laser-heated, producing two chemically simple salts of polynitrogen anions, MgN4 and Mg2N4. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals infinite anionic polythiazyl-like 1D N-N chains in the crystal structure of MgN4 and cis-tetranitrogen N44− units in the two isosymmetric polymorphs of Mg2N4. The cis-tetranitrogen units are found to be recoverable at atmospheric pressure. Our results respond to the quest for polynitrogen entities stable at ambient conditions, reveal the potential of employing high pressures in their synthesis and enrich the nitrogen chemistry through the discovery of other nitrogen species, which provides further possibilities to design improved polynitrogen arrangements.