bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bifunctional Hybrid Ni/Ni2P Nanoparticles Encapsulated by Graphitic Carbon Supported with N, S Modified 3D Carbon Framework for Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Sun Yiqiang , Zhang Tao , Li Xinyang , Bai Yu , Lyu Xianjun , Liu Guangqiang , Cai Weiping , Li Yue 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe novel hybrid Ni/Ni2P nanoparticles with graphitic carbon coating supported by 3D N, S dual modified binder‐free macroporous carbon framework (Ni/Ni2P@3DNSC) are reported as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for the production of hydrogen and oxygen. The obtained Ni/Ni2P@3DNSC electrode exhibits an excellent catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 231 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 92 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to the strong coupled interface of Ni and Ni2P, synergistic effects between the hybrid Ni/Ni2P core and the graphitic carbon shell, the unique porous structure, and the heteroatoms doped effect. When both are used as cathode and anode, only a low cell voltage of 1.55 V is needed to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2. This work demonstrates a new avenue for the development of bifunctional nonprecious electrocatalysts for the sustainable energy utilization.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fibers with a Thin Layer of Click‐Based Microporous Organic Network: Enhanced Capture Performance toward PM2.5
Authors: Kang Chang Wan , Ko Yoon‐Joo , Lee Sang Moon , Kim Hae Jin , Son Seung Uk 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work shows that the adsorptive performance of fibrous membrane can be enhanced by microporous organic network (MON) chemistry. Copper species are introduced into the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers through electroless deposition. Through the Cu2O‐catalyzed click reactions of tetra(4‐ethynylphenyl)methane with 1,4‐diazidobenzene, click‐based MON (C‐MON) layers are formed on the PET@Cu@Cu2O. Etching of copper species results in the formation of PET@C‐MON membranes that show enhanced removal performance by up to 13.3 times for particulate matters with smaller sizes than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), compared with pristine PET fibers.
Polydopamine–Copper Hybrid Films as Source and Drain for Oxide Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Namgung Seok Daniel , Lee Jaehun , Sung Taehoon , Kim Hyung‐Jun , Cho Ah‐Jin , Koh Sungjoon , An Junghyun , Choe Ik Rang , Nam Ki Tae , Kwon Jang‐Yeon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOxide semiconductors are one of the key components for flexible and transparent electronics, but their use has been limited by the work function of contact materials. Carbon‐based materials are strong candidates for flexible transparent electrodes, and nitrogen‐doped carbon materials have been specifically investigated due to the controllability of their work function. Of the many methods to dop nitrogen, the pyrolysis of biomolecules is a particular focus since it is a simple, inexpensive process that yields a high atomic percent of nitrogen. Polydopamine (pDop), which is inspired by adhesive proteins in mussels, has been suggested for use as a precursor for pyrolysis, and the pyrolyzed pDop–Cu hybrid film shows the lowest resistivity (1.4 × 10−4 Ω cm) in pyrolyzed carbon so far, for which copper chelation is attributed to reduction in resistivity. The pyrolyzed film also shows a transparency of 84%, and it is stable in cyclic bending tests up to 105 cycles. The films are further applied to the source and drain of a field‐effect transistor, and the devices achieve a high performance that is comparable to that from molybdenum contacted device, with the work function ranging from 4.51 to 4.31 eV.
High‐Mobility, Solution‐Processed Organic Field‐Effect Transistors from C8‐BTBT:Polystyrene Blends
Authors: Haase Katherina , Teixeira da Rocha Cecilia , Hauenstein Christoph , Zheng Yichu , Hambsch Mike , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOrganic field‐effect transistors based on aligned small molecule semiconductors have shown high charge carrier mobilities in excess of 10 cm2 V−1 s−1. This makes them a viable alternative to amorphous inorganic semiconductors especially if a high reproducibility can be achieved. Here, the optimization of high mobility organic field‐effect transistors based on the organic semiconductor 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b] benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) via the addition of a polymer additive to the printing solution is reported. Specifically, films and devices are compared based on solutions of the neat semiconductor and the blend with polystyrene and shear‐coated devices with excellent device characteristics and gate‐voltage‐independent mobility values reaching 12 cm2 V−1 s−1 are shown, which are the highest reported values for C8‐BTBT‐based films prepared by a scalable, solution‐based process.
p53 molecular approach to diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shimada Hideaki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe reviewed our research concerning p53 molecules in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by focusing on the p53 molecular diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. First, we developed diagnostic tools to analyze serum p53 autoantibodies to detect esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Positive rate was around 25% to 30% in all patients and around 20% even in stage I patients. Presence of serum p53 antibodies was significantly associated with overexpression of p53 protein in tumor cells. Seropositive patients were more likely than seronegative patients to be resistant to chemotherapy. Monitoring of the titer of serum p53 autoantibodies was useful in predicting patients at high risk of recurrence and/or treatment response. Second, using Ad5CMV‐p53 for 10 patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, we carried out a phase I/II study of adenoviral‐mediated p53 gene therapy. Although no complete response was observed, local tumor was stabilized in nine patients. No serious adverse events related to Ad5CMV‐p53 were observed in these patients. One patient survived for over 5 years after the start of p53 gene therapy. Intratumoral injection of Ad5CMV‐p53 is therefore safe, feasible, and biologically active when given in multiple doses to patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Our observations from these clinical studies indicate that p53 is a useful molecular target both in the diagnosis and in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
A late Cretaceous fagalean inflorescence preserved in amber from New Jersey
Authors: Gandolfo Maria A. , Nixon Kevin C. , Crepet William L. , Grimaldi David A. 
Published: June 2018

Premise of The StudyAn inflorescence with three pistillate flowers in amber from the early Upper Cretaceous (Turonian, ~90–94 million years ago) of central New Jersey represents the oldest known flowers with features present in an early stem complex of the Fagales. The inflorescence has characteristics of Nothofagaceae, but also has strikingly distinct characters that suggest it is intermediate between Nothofagus and other Fagales. This intermediacy is consistent with its northern hemisphere distribution.MethodsWe investigated this new fossil by comparing it with extant and fossil members of the Fagales using light microscopy and nano‐computed tomography. In addition, for exploring its relationships, we mapped the morphological characters onto a widely accepted molecular‐based tree of modern basal Fagales using standard methods of character optimization.Key ResultsThe phylogenetic position of the fossil inflorescence can be unequivocally determined by the presence of unique features, singly and in combination, that are found only in “basal” members of Fagales. The fossil adds critical information on the features of the early stem Fagales, evolution of the cupule in Nothofagaceae and Fagaceae, and a reasonable biogeographic hypothesis for the differentiation of southern (e.g., Nothofagaceae) and northern hemisphere Fagales.ConclusionsThis new fossil provides insight into the early evolution of Fagales and suggests that early stem Fagales that had not yet differentiated into modern families were present in the Late Cretaceous of North America. Based on available evidence, the fossil is best interpreted as an early stem member of the Fagales, with features that suggest a transition from a more generalized Nothofagus‐like fagalean ancestor with some unique presumably plesiomorphic features. The presence of an enlarged perianth and flexuous styles also suggests the possibility of insect pollination, which has been lost in all Fagales with the exception of some members of subfamily Castaneoideae in Fagaceae sensu stricto (which otherwise are very different from this fossil). The poorly developed, bract‐like cupule valves of the fossil can be interpreted as primitive (i.e., incipient) or as reduced from more developed cupules that are found in most modern Fagaceae and Nothofagaceae.
Role of Toll‐like receptor 9 signaling on activation of nasal polyp–derived fibroblasts and its association with nasal polypogenesis
Authors: Park Soo Kyoung , Jin Soung Yong , Yeon Sun Hee , Lee Sung Bok , Xu Jun , Yoon Young Hoon , Rha Ki Sang , Kim Yong Min 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundNasal polyposis is characterized by persistent inflammation and remodeling in sinonasal mucosa. Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a DNA receptor of the innate immune system that plays a pivotal role in fibrosis and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study is to explore the expression, activity, and potential pathogenic role of TLR9 signaling in tissue remodeling in nasal polyp–derived fibroblasts (NPDFs).MethodsFibrotic and inflammatory responses elicited by type A CpG oligonucleotides were examined in the NPDFs by a combination of real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence staining. For these experiments, the NPDFs were stimulated with different TLR9 agonists (CpG A and B) and blocked with inhibitors (MyD88 inhibitor and chloroquine).ResultsTLR9 expression was significantly higher in nasal polyposis (NP) tissues compared to control or chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) mucosa. In the NPDFs, TLR9 showed intracellular localization and expression of TLR9 was increased after treatment with CpG A. CpG A increased production of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (MMP1, MMP2, and MMP9) in the NPDFs, while MyD88 inhibitor and chloroquine, which are known to block the TLR9 signaling pathway, inhibited their production. CpG A also produced type I interferons (IFN‐α and IFN‐β), which were inhibited by MyD88 inhibitor.ConclusionOur data indicates that CpG A–induced fibroblast activation and cytokine production were mediated via TLR9 stimulation in NPDFs. Disrupting this process with an inhibitor targeting TLR9 or its downstream signaling pathways could represent a novel approach to CRS with NP (CRSwNP) therapy.
Rational Synthesis of Antiaromatic 5,15‐Dioxaporphyrin and Oxidation into β,β‐Linked Dimers
Authors: Nishiyama Akihide , Fukuda Masaya , Mori Shigeki , Furukawa Ko , Fliegl Heike , Furuta Hiroyuki , Shimizu Soji 
Published: June 2018

Abstract5,15‐Dioxaporphyrin was synthesized for the first time by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of a nickel bis(α,α′‐dibromodipyrrin) complex with benzaldoxime, followed by an intramolecular annulation of the α‐hydroxy‐substituted intermediate. This unprecedented molecule is a 20π‐electron antiaromatic system, in terms of Hückel's rule of aromaticity, because lone pair electrons of oxygen atoms are incorporated into the 18π‐electron conjugated system of the porphyrin. A theoretical analysis based on the gauge‐including magnetically induced current method confirmed its antiaromaticity and a dominant inner ring pathway for the ring current. The unique reactivity of 5,15‐dioxaporphyrin forming a β,β‐linked dimer upon oxidation was also revealed.
Coating Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photoanodes on Conductive Y:ZnO Nanorod Arrays for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Fang Yuanxing , Xu Yuntao , Li Xiaochun , Ma Yiwen , Wang Xinchen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPolymeric carbon nitride (PCN) photosensitizers are proposed replacements for their inorganic counterparts in solar‐to‐fuel conversion via photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, intense charge recombination, primarily because of surface defects, limits the use of PCN in PEC systems. Now, photoanodes are designed by coating PCN films onto highly conductive yttrium‐doped zinc oxide (Y:ZnO) nanorods (NRs) serving as charge collectors. The generation of charge carriers can therefore be promoted by this type II alignment. The charge collectors would be kept nearby for charge separation and transport to be used in the interfacial redox reactions. The photocurrent density of the polymer electrode is improved to 0.4 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode in a Na2SO4 electrolyte solution under AM 1.5 illumination. The result reveals a more than 50‐fold enhancement over the PCN films achieved by powder; the efficiency can be preserved at 95 % for 160 minutes.
Protein Interactions in the T7 DNA Replisome Facilitate DNA Damage Bypass
Authors: Zou Zhenyu , Chen Ze , Xue Qizhen , Xu Ying , Xiong Jingyuan , Yang Ping , Le Shuai , Zhang Huidong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe DNA replisome inevitably encounters DNA damage during DNA replication. The T7 DNA replisome contains a DNA polymerase (gp5), the processivity factor thioredoxin (trx), a helicase‐primase (gp4), and a ssDNA‐binding protein (gp2.5). T7 protein interactions mediate this DNA replication. However, whether the protein interactions could promote DNA damage bypass is still little addressed. In this study, we investigated strand‐displacement DNA synthesis past 8‐oxoG or O6‐MeG lesions at the synthetic DNA fork by the T7 DNA replisome. DNA damage does not obviously affect the binding affinities between helicase, polymerase, and DNA fork. Relative to unmodified G, both 8‐oxoG and O6‐MeG—as well as GC‐rich template sequence clusters—inhibit strand‐displacement DNA synthesis and produce partial extension products. Relative to the gp4 ΔC‐tail, gp4 promotes DNA damage bypass. The presence of gp2.5 also promotes it. Thus, the interactions of polymerase with helicase and ssDNA‐binding protein facilitate DNA damage bypass. Accessory proteins in other complicated DNA replisomes also facilitate bypassing DNA damage in similar manner. This work provides new mechanistic information relating to DNA damage bypass by the DNA replisome.
Improvement of SNAr Reaction Rate by an Electron‐Withdrawing Group in the Crosslinking of DNA Cytosine‐5 Methyltransferase by a Covalent Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Inhibitor
Authors: Kasai Yukiko , Sato Kousuke , Utsumi Shohei , Ichikawa Satoshi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDNA cytosine 5‐methyltransferase (DNMT) catalyzes methylation at the C5 position of the cytosine residues in the CpG sequence. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns are found in cancer cells. Therefore, inhibition of human DNMT is an effective strategy for treating various cancers. The inhibitors of DNMT have an electron‐deficient nucleobase because this group facilitates attack by the catalytic Cys residue in DNMTs. Recently, we reported the synthesis and properties of mechanism‐based modified nucleosides, 2‐amino‐4‐halopyridine‐C‐nucleosides (dXP), as inhibitors of DNMT. To develop a more efficient inhibitor of DNMT for oligonucleotide therapeutics, oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) containing other nucleoside analogues, which react more quickly with DNMT, are needed. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of the properties of 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4‐halopyridine‐C‐nucleosides (dXPCN) and ODNs containing dXPCN, as more reactive inhibitors of DNMTs. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of the designed nucleosides, dXPCN, was faster than that of dXP, and the ODN containing dXPCN effectively formed a complex with DNMTs. This study suggests that the incorporation of an electron‐withdrawing group would be an effective method to increase reactivity toward the nucleophile of the DNMTs, while maintaining high specificity.
Excimer laser in contrast for the treatment of acute MI caused by thrombosis of underexpanded stent
Authors: Tai Zaheed 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe use of excimer laser with contrast for treating an underexpanded stent in the setting of subacute stent thrombosis and hemodynamic instability is described. The patients presented with acute coronary syndromes and cardiogenic shock resulting from stent thrombosis of underexpanded stents. The stents were recalcitrant to aggressive balloon dilation and in the setting of an acute myocardial infarction; rotational atherectomy is a relative contraindication. The use of concurrent contrast during laser atherectomy resulted in plaque modification and subsequent stent expansion.
Prenatal diagnosis of Pallister‐Killian syndrome in one twin
Authors: Li Lin , Huang Linhuan , Huang Xuan , Lin Shaobin , He Zhiming , Fang Qun 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessagePallister‐Killian syndrome (PKS) is often incidentally diagnosed prenatally due to ultrasound abnormalities or advanced maternal age. Severely shortened limbs could be the most outstanding abnormal observation in a fetus with PKS. PKS can be detected with the highest mosaic ratio by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) on uncultured amniocytes prenatally.
Homogeneous Catalytic Reduction of CO2 with Silicon‐Hydrides, State of the Art
Authors: Fernández‐Alvarez Francisco J. , Oro Luis A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuring recent years, the catalytic transformation of CO2 using silicon‐hydrides as reductants has emerged as a promising methodology that allows the selective reduction of CO2 to the formate, formaldehyde, methoxide or methane level under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, some catalysts have been employed for the formylation and/or methylation of the N−H bonds of secondary and/or primary amines by their reaction with CO2 and hydrosilanes. This work summarizes the different catalytic systems that have shown to be efficient for the above‐mentioned reactions. Furthermore, a brief description of the reactions performance and the conditions employed in each case is included.
Self‐Synthesizing Models of Helical Proteins Based on Aromatic Disulfide Chemistry
Authors: Wołczański Grzegorz , Cal Marta , Waliczek Mateusz , Lisowski Marek , Stefanowicz Piotr 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA new method of synthesis of peptide conjugates with aromatic moieties substituted with two sulfhydryl groups at 1,3‐positions is proposed. Amphiphilic peptides derivatized in such a way under oxidative conditions spontaneously form cyclic, covalent trimers and tetramers dominated by α‐helical conformations. The tendency to form tri‐ or tetrahelical bundles depends on sequences of the peptides and on the oxidation conditions, pH, and additives.
Polyphenolic‐Chemistry‐Enabled, Mechanically Robust, Flame Resistant and Superhydrophobic Membrane for Separation of Mixed Surfactant‐Stabilized Emulsions
Authors: Ye Xiaoxia , Ke Le , Wang Yaping , Gao Kaiyang , Cui Yiwen , Wang Xiaoling , Huang Xin , Shi Bi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSuperhydrophobic materials hold great promise in emulsion separation, but they have inherent mechanical weakness and are ineffective to separate mixed surfactant‐stabilized emulsions. Herein, we combined the adhesion ability of polyphenol–Fe3+ bis‐complexes with the high mechanical strength of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to construct a mechanically robust and superhydrophobic coating on a collagen fiber membrane (CFM). We demonstrated that both CNTs and polyphenolic complexes competed with the surfactants adsorbed onto the emulsion droplets, serving as efficient demulsifiers to various mixed surfactant‐stabilized emulsions. CFM has a 3D fibrous structure and a high limiting oxygen index, which provides high flux and flame resistance. The as‐prepared superhydrophobic membrane can separate diverse anionic/nonionic and cationic/nonionic surfactant‐stabilized micro‐ and nanoemulsions under gravity, with a separation efficiency and flux up to 99.999 % and 1695 L m−2 h−1, respectively. The membranes also retained the emulsion separation ability after sandpaper abrasion. These features demonstrate a practical technology for emulsion separation.
Azabora[5]helicene Charge‐Transfer Dyes Show Efficient and Spectrally Variable Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Domínguez Zoe , López‐Rodríguez Rocío , Álvarez Eleuterio , Abbate Sergio , Longhi Giovanna , Pischel Uwe , Ros Abel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThree helicenes based on a borylated arylisoquinoline skeleton have been prepared in their enantiopure forms and characterized with respect to their photophysical properties, including the use of chiroptical spectroscopies. The dyes show varying charge‐transfer characteristics and efficient emission (quantum yields between 0.13 and 0.30, in toluene), which is governed by the electron‐donor substitution (p‐MeO‐phenyl, p‐Me2N‐phenyl) at the helicene. Marked differences in the emission wavelength and Stokes shift are observed, with the dimethylamino‐substituted derivative emitting most red‐shifted (maximum at ca. 590 nm) and displaying the highest Stokes shift (ca. 6000 cm−1) in toluene. The helicenes show electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and significant circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with dissymmetry factors of up to 3.5×10−3. The sign of the ECD band corresponding to the first transition and of the CPL spectrum depend sensibly on the electron‐donor substitution.
Oxo‐Functionalized Graphene: A Versatile Precursor for Alkylated Graphene Sheets by Reductive Functionalization
Authors: Halbig Christian E. , Martin Oliver , Hauke Frank , Eigler Siegfried , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractControlled covalent functionalization of graphene remains a challenging task owing to the heterogeneous nature of materials. Functionalization approaches for graphene either lack in quantifying the degree of functionalization or they do not discriminate between covalent and non‐covalent functionalization. Here, graphite is oxidized and exfoliated in a three‐step procedure and subsequently reduced and functionalized by hexylation. Although Raman spectroscopy is powerful to determine the degree of in‐plane lattice defects (θLD) and functionalization (θFD), the method fails at detecting introduced hexyl groups at a concentration of about 0.03 %, next to the pre‐existing in‐plane lattice defects of 0.7 %. However, sensitive thermogravimetric analysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (TGA‐GC/MS) can prove the hexylation reaction. The efficiency of functionalization is comparable to reductive functionalization of pristine chemical vapor deposition (CVD)‐graphene and bulk graphite.
Thiazoloisoindigo: A Building Block that Merges the Merits of Thienoisoindigo and Diazaisoindigo for Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Li Chenchen , Un Hio‐Ieng , Peng Jiawei , Cai Mian , Wang Xiao , Wang Jieyu , Lan Zhenggang , Pei Jian , Wan Xiaobo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Xiao Wang and Xiaobo Wan at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Jian Pei at the Peking University. The image depicts thiazoloisoindigo as a novel building block that possesses the advantages of both thienoisoindigo (red dragon) and diazaisoindigo (blue dragon). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201801432.