bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal changes in the abundance and biomass of copepod in the south-eastern Baltic Sea in 2010 and 2011
Authors: Dzierzbicka-Glowacka Lidia , Lemieszek Anna , Griniene Evelina , Kalarus Marcin 
Published: September 2018

Background. Copepods are the major secondary producers in the World Ocean. They represent an important link between phytoplankton, microzooplankton and higher trophic levels such as fish. They are an important source of food for many fish species, but also a significant producer of detritus. In terms of their role in the marine food web, it is important to know how the environmental variability affects the population of Copepoda.
Methods. The study of the zooplankton community in the south-eastern Baltic Sea conducted during a 24-month survey (January 2010 to November 2011) resulted in 24 invertebrate species identified (10copepods, 7cladocerans, 4rotifers, 1ctenophore, Fritillaria borealis and Hyperia galba). Data were collected at two stations located on the open-sea deep-water station – the Gdańsk Deep (54o50’φN, 19o19’λE) and in the western, inner part of the Gulf of Gdańsk (54o32’ φN, 18o48.2 ’λE). Vertical hauls were carried out using two nets: a Copenhagen net with an inlet diameter of 50 cm and a mesh diameter of 100 µm (in 2010) and WP-2 net from KC Denmark with an inlet diameter of 57 cm and a mesh diameter of 100 µm (in 2011).
Results. The paper describes seasonal changes in the abundance and biomass of Copepoda, taking into account the main Baltic calanoid copepod taxa (Acartia spp., Temora longicornis and Pseudocalanus sp.). They usually represented the main component of zooplankton. The average number of Copepoda at station P1 during the study period of 2010 was 3913 ind.m-3 (SD 2572) and their number ranged from 1184 ind. m-3 (in winter) to 6293 ind.m-3 (in spring). One year later, the average count of copepods was higher, i.e. 11 723 ind. m-3 (SD 6980) and ranged from 2351 ind. m-3 (in winter) to 18 307 ind.m-3 (in summer). Their average count at station P2 in 2010 was 29 141 ind. m-3 ranging from 3330 ind.m-3 (in March) to 67 789 ind. m-3 (in May). The average count of copepods in 2011 was much lower – 17 883 ind./m3 and ranged from 1360 ind./m3 (in April) to 39 559 ind./m3 (in May).
Discussion. The environment of pelagic animals changes with the distance from the shore and with the sea depth. Although the qualitative structure of zooplankton is almost identical with that of the coastal waters, the quantitative structure changes quite significantly. The maximum values of zooplankton abundance and biomass were observed in the summer season, both in the Gdańsk Deep and the inner part of the Gulf of Gdańsk. Copepoda dominated in the composition of zooplankton for almost the entire duration of the research.. Quantitative taxonomic composition of Copepoda at station P1 (the Gdańsk Deep) was different compared to station P2 (the western, inner part of the Gulf of Gdańsk) due to a high percentage of a crustacean preferring waters with lower temperature and higher salinity – Pseudocalanus sp.
Early Holocene morphological variation in hunter-gatherer hands and feet
Authors: Hoover Kara C. , Berbesque J. Colette 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe Windover mortuary pond dates to the Early Archaic period (6,800–5,200 years ago) and constitutes one of the earliest archaeological sites with intact and well-preserved human remains in North America. Unlike many prehistoric egalitarian hunter-gatherers, the Windover people may not have practiced a sex-based division of labor; rather, they may have shared the load. We explore how mobility and subsistence, as reconstructed from archaeological data, influenced hand and foot bone morphology at Windover.MethodsWe took length and width measurements on four carpal bones, four tarsal bones, and load-bearing tarsal areas (calcaneus load arm, trochlea of the talus). We analyzed lateralization using side differences in raw length and width measurements. For other hypothesis testing, we used log transformed length-width ratios to mitigate the confounding effects of sexual dimorphism and trait size variation; we tested between-sex differences in weight-bearing (rear foot) and shock-absorbing (mid foot) tarsal bones and between-sex differences in carpal bones.ResultsWe identified no significant between-sex differences in rear and midfoot areas, suggesting similar biomechanical stresses. We identified no significant between-sex differences in carpal bones but the test was under-powered due to small sample sizes. Finally, despite widespread behavioral evidence on contemporary populations for human hand and foot lateralization, we found no evidence of either handedness or footedness.DiscussionThe lack evidence for footedness was expected due its minimal impact on walking gait but the lack of evidence for handedness was surprising given that ethnographic studies have shown strong handedness in hunter-gatherers during tool and goods manufacture. The reconstructed activity patterns suggested both sexes engaged in heavy load carrying and a shared division of labor. Our results support previous findings—both sexes had stronger weight-bearing bones. Male shock-absorbing bones exhibited a trend towards greater relative width (suggesting greater comparative biomechanical stress) than females which may reflect the typical pattern of male hunter-gatherers engaging in walking greater distances at higher speeds than females. While there were no significant between-sex differences in carpal bones (supporting a shared work load model), females exhibited greater variation in index values, which may reflect a greater variety of and specialization in tasks compared to males. Because carpals and tarsals are so well-preserved at archaeological sites, we had surmised they might be useful proxies for activity in the absence of well-preserved long bones. Tarsals provide a stronger signal of past activity and may be useful in the absence of, or in addition to, preferred bones. Carpals, however, may not be useful as the effect size of biomechanical stress (in this study at least) is low and would require larger samples than may be possible at archaeological sites.
Characterization analysis and heavy metal‐binding properties of CsMTL3 in Escherichia coli
Authors: Xu Xing , Duan Ling , Yu Jingwen , Su Chenggang , Li Jinhua , Chen Dan , Zhang Xingguo , Song Hongyuan , Pan Yu 
Published: September 2018

Members of the metallothionein (MT) superfamily are involved in coordinating transition metal ions. In plants, MT family members are characterized by their arrangement of Cys residues. In this study, one member of the MT superfamily, CsMTL3, was characterized from a complementary DNA (cDNA) library from young cucumber fruit; CsMTL3 is predicted to encode a 64 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 6.751 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis identified it as a type 3 family member as the arrangement of N‐terminal Cys residues was different from that of MT‐like 2. Heterologous expression of CsMTL3 in Escherichia coli improved their heavy metal tolerance, particularly to Cd2+ and Cu2+, and led to increased uptake of Cd2+ and Cu2+; increased uptake was also observed for cells expressing Arabidopsis thaliana metallothionein 3 (AtMT3) and phytochelatin‐like (PCL), with greatest uptake in PCL‐expressing cells. These findings demonstrate that CsMTL3 can improve metal tolerance, especially for Cd2+ ions, when heterologously expressed in E. coli, and suggest that the composition and arrangement of N‐terminal Cys residues are associated with binding capacity and preference for different metal ions.
High Thermal Conductivity in Isotopically Enriched Cubic Boron Phosphide
Authors: Zheng Qiye , Li Sheng , Li Chunhua , Lv Yinchuan , Liu Xiaoyuan , Huang Pinshane Y. , Broido David A. , Lv Bing , Cahill David G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractZinc blende boron arsenide (BAs), boron phosphide (BP), and boron nitride (BN) have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their high thermal conductivity (Λ) predicted by first‐principles calculations. This research reports the study of the temperature dependence of Λ (120 K < T < 600 K) for natural isotope‐abundance BP and isotopically enriched 11BP crystals grown from modified flux reactions. Time‐domain thermoreflectance is used to measure Λ of sub‐millimeter‐sized crystals. At room temperature, Λ for BP and 11BP is 490 and 540 W m−1 K−1, respectively, surpassing the values of conventional high Λ materials such as Ag, Cu, BeO, and SiC. The Λ of BP is smaller than only cubic BN, diamond, graphite, and BAs among single‐phase materials. The measured Λ for BP and 11BP is in good agreement with the first‐principles calculations above 250 K. The quality of the crystals is verified by Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. By combining the first‐principles calculations and Raman measurements, a previously misinterpreted Raman mode is reassigned. Thus, BP is a promising material not only for heat spreader applications in high‐power microelectronic devices but also as an electronic material for use in harsh environments.
Recent Advances of Optical Imaging in the Second Near‐Infrared Window
Authors: Kenry  , Duan Yukun , Liu Bin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe near‐infrared window between 1000 and 1700 nm, commonly termed the “second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window,” has quickly emerged as a highly attractive optical region for biological imaging. In contrast to conventional imaging in the visible region between 400 and 700 nm, as well as in the first NIR (NIR‐I) window between 700 and 900 nm, NIR‐II biological imaging offers numerous merits, including higher spatial resolution, deeper penetration depth, and lower optical absorption and scattering from biological substrates with minimal tissue autofluorescence. Noninvasive imaging techniques, specifically NIR‐II fluorescence and photoacoustic (PA) imaging, have embodied the attractiveness of NIR‐II optical imaging, with several NIR‐II contrast agents demonstrating superior performance to the clinically approved NIR‐I agents. Consequently, NIR‐II biological imaging has been increasingly explored due to its tremendous potential for preclinical studies and clinical utility. Herein, the progress of optical imaging in the NIR‐II window is reported. Starting with highlighting the importance of biological imaging in the NIR‐II spectral region, the emergence and latest development of various NIR‐II fluorescence and PA imaging probes and their applications are then discussed. Perspectives on the promises and challenges facing this nascent yet exciting field are then given.
Highly Luminescent Quantum Dots in Remote‐Type Liquid‐Phase Color Converters for White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Le Thanh‐Hai , Choi Yunseok , Han Hyunwoo , Noh Seonmyeong , Park Chul Soon , Kim Semin , Chae Subin , Kim Ha Jun , Im Won Bin , Ha Tai Hwan , Kwon Oh Seok , Yoon Hyeonseok 
Published: September 2018

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) can be integrated into a solid‐phase color converter (SCC) for white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). However, the development of QD‐based SCCs is prevented by the limitations of the QDs themselves, nonuniform dispersion or aggregation of the QDs, and heat accumulation by low thermal conductivity of the solid matrix. Herein, the development of new high‐quality CdZnSeS/ZnS QDs in a one spot synthesis is reported that have high photoluminescence quantum yield (up to 100% for green wavelengths), narrow emission spectra (full width at half maximum < 27.3 nm), and good color tunability in the green region, 496–586 nm. Seven different color QDs are used to fabricate liquid‐phase color converters (LCCs) for application in WLEDs with a remote configuration. The best LCC‐based WLEDs show not only intense bright day white light (correlated color temperature = 6029 K) with a maximum luminous efficacy of 222.7 lm W−1, but also excellent color quality (color rendering index = 95.1, as well as R9 = 94.4, and R13 = 97.1), which is very important in medical diagnostic lighting, dressing and display room lighting, painting and accent lighting. These results indicate remarkable progress both in the synthesis of high‐quality QDs and in the development of WLEDs for high‐performance commercial lighting devices.
Direct Writing of Additive‐Free MXene‐in‐Water Ink for Electronics and Energy Storage
Authors: Quain Evan , Mathis Tyler S. , Kurra Narendra , Maleski Kathleen , Van Aken Katherine L. , Alhabeb Mohamed , Alshareef Husam N. , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAdditive‐free, single step formulations of MXene‐in‐water inks are developed from clay‐like titanium carbide (Ti3C2) sediments. Solution‐processable Ti3C2 inks are compatible with stamping, printing, painting, and writing on a variety of substrates. Specifically, MXene‐in‐water inks at higher concentrations of 30 mg mL−1 are employed in commercially available pens for dispensing and patterning 2D MXene directly. These MXene pens are employed either manually or automatically using an AxiDraw, enabling direct‐writing and complex patterning of functional MXene devices. Versatile MXene pens show compatible writing on a variety of substrates, including paper and polymers, where the deposited ink is used as a passive circuit, similar to silver and copper nanoparticle inks. Written MXene lines without additional post‐treatment exhibit length dependent resistance, showing typical resistivity values between carbon based and metal nanoparticle inks. Current collector‐free fabrication of MXene micro‐supercapacitors is demonstrated on unconventional platforms including paper, textiles, and curved surfaces directly.
Iron and Cobalt Metallotropism in Remote‐Substituted NHC Ligands: Metalation to Abnormal NHC Complexes or NHC Ring Opening
Authors: Danopoulos Andreas A. , Massard Alexandre , Frison Gilles , Braunstein Pierre 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMetallotropism of the M[N(SiMe3)2]2 metal fragment in the tautomeric system IAR⇌ACR involving imidazolium salts/N‐heterocyclic carbenes with remote aminide/amine substituents, respectively, is manifested by its CNHC carbophilicity (R=tBu, M=Co, Fe) or NRaminido nitrogenophilicity (R=Cy, M=Co, Fe; R=Mes, M=Fe) and has been rationalized on the basis of steric and electronic effects. The thermolysis products of the [M{N(SiMe3)2}2]/ IAR⇌ACR system are also substituent‐dependent, leading to a rearranged aminide‐functionalized aNHC Co2 complex of an unprecedented type or to ring‐opened metallaketenimines; they are postulated to originate from different metalloisomers. The results are interpreted on the basis of the X‐ray diffraction analysis of 11 new compounds.
A matter of time: The necessity of temporal language in research on health conditions that present with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Rubenstein Eric , Bishop‐Fitzpatrick Lauren 
Published: September 2018

Relatively consistent findings from recent studies using population‐level data identify heightened physical and psychiatric morbidity in autistic people compared to the general population. Health problems that commonly present with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are generally discussed in the literature as “co‐occurring” or “comorbid” regardless of their known or hypothesized causal mechanisms. In this commentary, we introduce a new temporally focused terminology to describe health conditions that present with ASD. Emphasizing the temporal development of health conditions in research will help the field understand whether conditions are (1) “truly co‐occurring” (share an etiologic origin with ASD in utero and are a defining characteristic of a subphenotype), (2) “resulting” (caused by ASD related disparity or the health effect of behaviors developed to cope with ASD symptoms), or (3) “associated” (conditions more common in individuals with ASD with etiology not yet known or hypothesized, or an artifact of diagnostic process or trends). Whether a health condition is “truly co‐occurring”, “resulting”, or “associated” has implications for how we design interventions to prevent and treat health conditions in people on the autism spectrum. Ultimately, we think that using clear and temporally focused language can set us on a path to better deduce etiology and develop effective prevention and intervention efforts for health conditions that impact the lives of autistic individuals. We hope that this approach to temporal language to describe health conditions that present with ASD promotes thought and discussion in research, advocate, and autistic communities. Autism Research 2019, 12: 20–25. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryResearch finds autistic people have more health problems than the general population but we do not understand why. In this commentary, we argue researchers need to use language describing the timing of health problems in autistic people, specifying whether problems truly co‐occur (share a cause), result from autism‐related disparities, or are more common in autistic people for an unknown reason. Clarifying language can provide more specificity in research and improve efforts to prevent and treat health problems in autistic people.
Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study of the neural correlates between auditory environments and intellectual work performance
Authors: Hiwa Satoru , Katayama Tomoka , Hiroyasu Tomoyuki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionMany people spend a considerable amount of time performing intellectual activities within auditory environments that affect work efficiency. To investigate auditory environments that improve working efficiency, we investigated the relationship between brain activity and performance of the number memory task in environments with and without white noise using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).MethodsTwenty‐nine healthy subjects (aged 21.9 ± 1.4 years) performed the number memory task in both the white noise and silent environments. Cerebral blood flow changes during the task were measured using an ETG‐7100 fNIRS system (Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The psychological states of the subjects were also estimated by subjective ratings of the pleasantness of the auditory environment. Then, they were divided into three groups based on their task scores. The differences in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes, functional connection strength, and the subjects’ feelings of pleasantness to the noise between the subject groups were analyzed and discussed.ResultsThe first group felt that the white noise was pleasant, which strengthened the bilateral functional connections between the brain regions related to the memory task. Therefore, the subjects’ task performance improved in the white noise environment. Although the second group felt that the white noise was uncomfortable, the frontal regions related to attention control were more activated in the white noise environment to sustain the task performance in the noisy environment. The third group felt that the white noise was unpleasant, and their CBF decreased in that environment, which was associated with deteriorated task performance.ConclusionsTask performance was closely related to the subjects’ feelings of pleasantness to the noise. The results of the analysis of the CBF changes and functional connectivity suggested that the effects of the white noise on brain activity differed among the three groups.
Treatment options of complicated urinary tract infections in ectopic kidneys: A case report
Authors: Triantafyllou Spyridon , Aggelis Stavros , Tzavelas Dimitrios , Kontoteza Ifigeneia‐Vasiliki , Skandalakis Panagiotis , Filippou Dimitrios 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageRenal ectopia is a relatively rare situation which may complicate the diagnosis. In cases with renal ectopia, the normal route of the urinary tract alters and may be associated with increased incidence of infections or coexist with other malformations. We report a female patient with unobstructed pelvic renal ectopia complicated by urinary tract infection. After presenting our diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas and strategy, we discuss the existing diagnostic and treating options including conservative and surgical approaches.
Combined endodontic and periodontal management of a class 3 invasive cervical resorption in a mandibular first molar
Authors: Nagahara Takayoshi , Takeda Katsuhiro , Aida Yusuke , Iwata Tomoyuki , Yagi Ryoichi , Kurihara Hidemi , Shiba Hideki 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageDental radiography and cone‐beam computed tomography revealed the left mandibular first molar in a 68‐year‐old female patient with Heithersay Class 3 invasive cervical resorption (ICR). The inhibition of ICR progression and environmental improvement in and around the affected tooth through combined endodontic and periodontal treatments led to a favorable clinical outcome.
Carbon‐Based Dual‐Ion Battery with Enhanced Capacity and Cycling Stability
Authors: Yang He , Shi Xiaoyuan , Deng Ting , Qin Tingting , Sui Lu , Feng Ming , Chen Hong , Zhang Wei , Zheng Weitao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA high cycling stability of dual‐ion batteries is greatly challenging, as the size required for inserting anions matches only insufficiently with the interlayer spacing of graphite which is often used as positive electrode. Herein, an activated expanded graphite (AEG) electrode is successfully prepared via KOH treatment. The loose structure of AEG accommodates the volume expansion caused by anion intercalation, and the large specific surface area facilitates the immersion of electrolyte ions to afford more energy density. Thus, the cycling stability is largely enhanced without losing capacity. Matching with activated carbon as negative electrode and an ionic liquid electrolyte, the assembled dual‐ion battery achieves an energy density of 43 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 756 W kg−1 within a working window of 0–3.6 V. Specifically, the energy density retains 83 % after 50 cycles. Such effective and low‐cost electrode optimization opens up a new route toward full enhancement on the cycling performance of positive electrodes for dual‐ion batteries.
Detection of somatic epigenetic variation in Norway spruce via targeted bisulfite sequencing
Authors: Heer Katrin , Ullrich Kristian K. , Hiss Manuel , Liepelt Sascha , Schulze Brüning Ralf , Zhou Jiabin , Opgenoorth Lars , Rensing Stefan A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms represent a possible mechanism for achieving a rapid response of long‐lived trees to changing environmental conditions. However, our knowledge on plant epigenetics is largely limited to a few model species. With increasing availability of genomic resources for many tree species, it is now possible to adopt approaches from model species that permit to obtain single‐base pair resolution data on methylation at a reasonable cost. Here, we used targeted bisulfite sequencing (TBS) to study methylation patterns in the conifer species Norway spruce (Picea abies). To circumvent the challenge of disentangling epigenetic and genetic differences, we focused on four clone pairs, where clone members were growing in different climatic conditions for 24 years. We targeted >26.000 genes using TBS and determined the performance and reproducibility of this approach. We characterized gene body methylation and compared methylation patterns between environments. We found highly comparable capture efficiency and coverage across libraries. Methylation levels were relatively constant across gene bodies, with 21.3 ± 0.3%, 11.0 ± 0.4% and 1.3 ± 0.2% in the CG, CHG, and CHH context, respectively. The variance in methylation profiles did not reveal consistent changes between environments, yet we could identify 334 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) between environments. This supports that changes in methylation patterns are a possible pathway for a plant to respond to environmental change. After this successful application of TBS in Norway spruce, we are confident that this approach can contribute to broaden our knowledge of methylation patterns in natural tree populations.