bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory manipulation results in increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during static postural balance in sedentary older adults: An fNIRS study
Authors: Teo Wei‐Peng , Goodwill Alicia M. , Hendy Ashlee M. , Muthalib Makii , Macpherson Helen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is involved with allocating attentional resources to maintain postural control. However, it is unknown whether age‐related structural and functional declines of the DLPFC may impair postural control during sensory manipulation. In this study, we aim to understand the effects of aging on the DLPFC when sensory cues were removed or presented inaccurately (i.e., increased sensory complexity) during the sensory orientation test (SOT).MethodsTwenty young (18–25 years) and 18 older (66–73 years) healthy adults were recruited to undertake the SOT, which consisted of six conditions aimed at removing or disrupting the visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive senses. During these six SOT conditions, functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), consisting of eight transmitter‐receiver optode pairs (four channels over the left and right DLPFC), was used to measure hemodynamic responses (i.e., changes in oxy‐ [O2Hb] and deoxyhemoglobin [HHb]) from the bilateral DLPFC.ResultsOur results show an increase in bilateral DLPFC activation (i.e., increase in O2Hb and concomitant smaller decrease in HHb) with increasing sensory complexity in both young and older adults. The increase in left and right DLPFC activation during more complex sensory conditions was greater, which was concomitant with reduced balance performance in older adults compared to younger adults. Furthermore, we observed a right lateralized DLPFC activation in younger adults. Finally, a significant positive association was observed between balance performance and increased bilateral DLPFC activation particularly for SOT conditions with greater sensory disruptions.ConclusionOur findings highlight the involvement of the DLPFC in maintaining postural control, particularly during complex sensory tasks, and provide direct evidence for the role of the DLPFC during postural control of a clinically relevant measure of balance.
Helical Poly(quinoxaline‐2,3‐diyl)s Bearing 1,2,3‐Triazole Pendants: Synthesis by CuAAC and Use as Reusable Abnormal NHC Ligands in Gold Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Pinglu , Yamamoto Takeshi , Suginome Michinori 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPoly(quinoxaline‐2,3‐diyl)s (PQXs) bearing 1,2,3‐triazole pendants were synthesized by living copolymerization of achiral 1,2‐diisocyanobenzenes or by post‐polymerization functionalization of PQXs bearing alkyne pendants through copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition. Thus prepared PQXs bearing 1,2,3‐triazole pendants were treated with MeI, Ag2O, and AuCl successively, giving polymer‐supported gold complexes bearing 1,2,3‐triazolylidenes as abnormal N‐heterocyclic carbene (aNHC) ligands. The polymer‐based aNHC ligand served as a catalyst for the reaction of styrene with a propargylic ester to form a cyclopropane derivative. The catalyst could be reused at least eight times without loss of activity.
Pseudocapacitive Lithium Storage in Three‐Dimensional Cobalt‐Doped MnO/Nitrogen‐Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogels as High‐Rate Anode Material
Authors: Yao Wei , Qiu Weijie , Xie Yu , Xu Zixuan , Xu Jianguang , Zhang Dewei , Wen Yongchun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStructural design and modification are effective measures to improve the lithium storage performance of electrode materials. Herein, three‐dimensional (3D) porous Co‐doped MnO/nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide aerogels (Co−MnO/NG‐G) have been prepared by successive self‐assembly processes, including the self‐assembly nucleation of Co−MnO on GO in H2O/N,N‐Dimethylformamide (DMF) mixed solvent, and the 3D reduction‐assembly of hydrogels accompanied with nucleation‐inducing growth of Co−MnO nanocrystals. Due to high‐efficient electron/ion transport channels dating from the novel 3D porous microstructure and improved electron/ion conductivity deriving from doping MnO with Co, the 3D Co−MnO/NG‐G electrode demonstrates high pseudocapacitive lithium storage behavior with 88.3 % at 2 mV s−1. As an anode in lithium‐ion battery, the 3D Co−MnO/NG‐G shows a high capacity of 982.8 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 100 cycles, outstanding rate capability with 424.0 mAh g−1 at 8 A g−1, as well as superior cycle stability with 508.9 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 4 A g−1. This work demonstrates that the synergistic strategy between cation doping and 3D porous channels for electron/ion transport is an effective way to design high‐rate anode materials.
Infrared Microscopy as a Probe of Composition within a Model Biofuel Cell Electrode Prepared from Trametes versicolor Laccase
Authors: Liang Ying , Cai Rong , Hickey David P. , Kitt Jay P. , Harris Joel M. , Minteer Shelley D. , Korzeniewski Carol 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInfrared microscopy was applied in the study of laccase biofuel cell electrodes that demonstrated high current and power densities traceable to the use of a low equivalent weight (EW), short side chain (Aquivion) ionomer in the catalyst layer. The electrodes were prepared from a biocatalyst ink composed of orientation‐directing anthracene‐modified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (An‐MWCNTs) in a dispersion of ionomer exchanged by hydrophobic cations. The ink was applied to an electronically conductive carbon felt support that was hot‐pressed to a Nafion‐NRE 212 (51 μm thickness) membrane, forming the framework for an air‐breathing biofuel cell cathode. Infrared microscopy sampling was performed with the use of a micro‐attenuated total reflection probe that enabled spectra to be recorded from ∼32 μm diameter circular spatial regions on the materials investigated. Sensitivity to deformation of the soft polymer membrane‐based materials was assessed through trial experiments on pure membrane samples before approaching the compositionally more complex biofuel cell electrodes. In studies of laccase cathodes, infrared spectral features of enzyme, buffer anions and surrounding An‐MWCNTs were identified. Heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of components and unexpected bands traceable to insoluble copper salts were detected. The results suggest directions for improving electrode activity and bring to light needs for advancing quantitative interpretations.
Pharmacokinetics, Excretion, and Mass Balance of [14C]‐Batefenterol Following a Single Microtracer Intravenous Dose (Concomitant to an Inhaled Dose) or Oral Dose of Batefenterol in Healthy Men
Authors: Ambery Claire , Young Graeme , Fuller Teresa , Lazaar Aili L. , Pereira Adrian , Hughes Adam , Ramsay David , van den Berg Frans , Daley‐Yates Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInhaled batefenterol is an investigational bifunctional molecule for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The excretion balance and pharmacokinetics of batefenterol using [14C]‐radiolabeled drug administered orally and as intravenous (IV) infusion were assessed. In this 2‐period, open‐label study, 6 healthy male subjects received a single IV microtracer 1‐hour infusion of 4 μg [14C]‐batefenterol concomitant with inhaled nonradiolabeled batefenterol (1200 μg) followed by oral [14C]‐batefenterol (200 μg) in period 2 after a 14‐day washout. The primary end points included: the area under the concentration‐time curve from time zero to last time of quantifiable concentration (AUC0‐t); maximum observed concentration (Cmax); and time of occurrence of maximum observed concentration. Following IV administration, the geometric mean AUC0‐t of [14C]‐batefenterol was 121.9 pgEq • h/mL; maximum observed concentration and time of occurrence of maximum observed concentration were 92.7 pgEq/mL and 0.8 hours, respectively; absolute oral bioavailability was 0.012%. The mean AUC0‐t ratio indicated that [14C]‐batefenterol accounted for 85% of total circulating radioactivity in the plasma initially and declined rapidly following IV administration, but only ∼0.2% of total circulating radioactivity following oral administration. Cumulative mean recovery of total radioactive [14C]‐batefenterol in urine and feces was 6.31% and 77.6%, respectively. Overall, batefenterol exhibited low systemic bioavailability after inhaled and oral administration, and high fecal excretion and low urinary excretion following IV and oral administration.
Structural and Functional Analysis of the Gut Microbiome for Toxicologists
Authors: Nichols Robert G. , Cai Jingwei , Murray Iain A. , Koo Imhoi , Smith Philip B. , Perdew Gary H. , Patterson Andrew D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCharacterizing the reciprocal interactions between toxicants, the gut microbiota, and the host, holds great promise for improving our mechanistic understanding of toxic endpoints. Advances in culture‐independent sequencing analysis (e.g., 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) combined with quantitative metabolite profiling (i.e., metabolomics) have provided new ways of studying the gut microbiome and have begun to illuminate how toxicants influence the structure and function of the gut microbiome. Developing a standardized protocol is important for establishing robust, reproducible, and importantly, comparative data. This protocol can be used as a foundation for examining the gut microbiome via sequencing‐based analysis and metabolomics. Two main units follow: (1) analysis of the gut microbiome via sequencing‐based approaches; and (2) functional analysis of the gut microbiome via metabolomics. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Automated Bright Field Segmentation of Cells and Vacuoles Using Image Processing Technique
Authors: Chiang Pei‐Ju , Wu Shao‐Ming , Tseng Min‐Jen , Huang Pin‐Jie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms and other variants of programmed cell death will help provide deeper insight into various disease processes. Although complex procedures are required to distinguish each type of cell death, the formation of vacuoles is one of the important features in some process of cell death under different conditions. Thus, monitoring and counting the number of vacuoles and the ratio of cells with vacuoles is a commonly used method to indicate and quantify the efficacy of the therapy. Several studies have shown that image processing can provide a quick, convenient and precise mean of performing cell detection. Hence, this study uses an image processing technique to detect and quantify vacuolated cells without the need for dyes. The system both counts the number of vacuolated cells and determines the ratio of cells with vacuoles. The performance of the proposed image processing system was evaluated using 38 images. It has been shown that a strong correlation exists between the automated counts and the manual counts. Furthermore, the absolute percentage errors between automated counts and manual counts for cell detection and vacuolated cell detection using data pooled from all images are 3.61 and 3.33%, respectively. A user‐friendly graphical user interface (GUI) is also developed and freely available for download, providing researchers in biomedicine with a more convenient instrument for vacuolization analysis.
Primary diagnosis of ruptured biceps tendon “Baker's‐type cyst” using fine needle aspiration biopsy: A case report
Authors: Fels Elliott Daffolyn R. , Ljung Britt‐Marie , Patel Rina , Iezza Gioia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBiceps tendon rupture is generally a clinical and radiographic diagnosis, and only rarely presents to the cytopathologist for fine needle aspiration biopsy. We present a case of ruptured biceps tendon associated with a cystic mass of the upper arm that was diagnosed using fine needle aspiration biopsy, and confirmed with subsequent MRI scan. We describe the clinical presentation, cytomorphology, and immunohistochemical profile of the marked chronic inflammatory infiltrate within the synovial fluid. We also provide a discussion of the differential diagnosis for a cystic mass associated with the biceps tendon on cytology.
Case Study: Atypical δ13C values of urinary norandrosterone
Authors: Hülsemann Frank , Gougoulidis Vassilios , Schertel Thomas , Fusshöller Gregor , Flenker Ulrich , Piper Thomas , Thevis Mario 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIsotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) has been established in doping control analysis to identify the endogenous or exogenous origin of a variety of steroidal analytes including the 19‐norsteroid metabolite norandrosterone (NorA). NorA can be found naturally in human urine in trace amounts due to endogenous demethylation or in situ microbial degradation. The administration of nortestosterone (nandrolone) or different prohormones results in the excretion of urinary NorA. Usually, this can be detected by IRMS due to differing δ13C values of synthetic 19‐norsteroids compared to endogenous reference compounds. The consumption of uncastrated pig edible parts like offal or even meat may also lead to a urinary excretion of NorA. In order to determine the δ13C values of such a scenario, urine samples collected after consumption of a wild‐boar‐testicle meal were analyzed. IRMS revealed highly enriched δ13C values for urinary NorA, which could be related to the completely corn‐based nutrition of the animal. Isotopic analysis of the boar's bristles demonstrated a dietary change from C3‐based forage, probably in winter and spring, to a C4‐based diet in the last weeks to months prior to death. These results supported the interpretation of an atypical test result of a Central European athlete's doping control sample with δ13C values for NorA of −18 ‰, most probably caused by the consumption of a wild boar ragout. As stated before, athletes should be fully aware of the risk that consumption of wild boar may result in atypical or even adverse analytical findings in sports drug testing.
Validation of the clinical perfectionism questionnaire in an eating disorder sample: A bifactor approach
Authors: Prior Kathryn L. , Erceg‐Hurn David M. , Raykos Bronwyn C. , Egan Sarah J. , Byrne Sue , McEvoy Peter M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveClinical perfectionism is involved in the etiology and maintenance of eating disorders. Limited research has examined the factor structure of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ) in clinical eating disorder samples. The aim of this research was to examine the validity and reliability of the CPQ in a mixed eating disorder sample.MethodPatients (N = 211) with an eating disorder completed the CPQ at pretreatment. A bifactor model was tested that included a general clinical perfectionism factor and two group factors; overevaluation of striving and concern over mistakes. The unique contributions that general and group factors make to the prediction of eating disorder symptoms were also investigated. Unidimensional, correlated two‐factor, and bifactor models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsA bifactor structure for a revised 10‐item version of the CPQ provided the best fit, with a strong and reliable general clinical perfectionism factor. The general clinical perfectionism factor and the overevaluation of striving group factor explained reliable variance in the CPQ, and but only the general factor predicted eating disorder symptoms.DiscussionThe results suggested that a total score is generally appropriate for assessing clinical perfectionism in a clinical eating disorder sample.
Control of soil N cycle processes by Pteridium aquilinum and Erica cinerea in heathlands along a pH gradient
Authors: Bardon Clément , Misery Boris , Piola Florence , Poly Franck , Le Roux Xavier 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNitrate is a limiting resource in heathland acid soils. Nitrate levels increase in heathland soils after Pteridium aquilinum invasions, and this species is assumed to biologically control nitrogen cycle processes, thus increasing nitrate availability. We compared how P. aquilinum (bracken) and Erica cinerea (bell heather) modify processes driving nitrate availability along a soil pH gradient in a Natura 2000 reserve facing bracken invasion. Soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations, substrate‐induced respiration (SIR), denitrification and nitrification enzyme activities (DEA and NEA, respectively), root procyanidin concentrations, and denitrification inhibition by procyanidins were measured on five sites under P. aquilinum and E. cinerea stands. NEA and nitrate levels were higher, and ammonium levels and SIR lower, for P. aquilinum in the most acid soils. Procyanidins from both species induced the same level of denitrification inhibition, soil nitrate being correlated with root procyanidin concentration for both species. Soil nitrate correlated with NEA only for P. aquilinum. Our results show that both species increased procyanidin production in the most acid soils, thereby reducing denitrification and decreasing nitrate loss, this process being more efficient for E. cinerea. However, P. aquilinum additionally increased nitrification, and this double control on nitrification and denitrification was very efficient to increase soil nitrate availability in the most acid soils. This may participate to the success of P. aquilinum invasions in heathlands. This shows that approaches for bracken control in heathlands should better account for belowground processes and, more generally, that biological denitrification inhibition by plants may be a widespread phenomenon influencing soil N dynamics in N‐poor environments.
Rapid release of labile components limits the accumulation of humic substances in decomposing litter in an alpine forest
Authors: Ni Xiangyin , Yang Wanqin , Liao Shu , Li Han , Tan Bo , Yue Kai , Xu Zhenfeng , Zhang Li , Wu Fuzhong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that recalcitrant compounds are not selectively preserved in soils and that labile components are the precursors of humic substances, but the relationship between the slow accumulation of humic substances and the rapid release of labile components during litter decomposition is not well understood. In an in situ litterbag experiment, we quantified the litter mass loss, release of acid‐soluble labile components, and accumulation of alkali‐soluble humic substances during four years of decomposition of fir (Abies faxoniana) needle and twig litters in an alpine coniferous forest. We found that fresh litter had high contents of humic substances (121 and 151 mg/g for needle and twig litters, respectively), with needle litter showing increases in humic substances contents at the early decomposition stage and decrease later, whereas twig litter showed the reverse pattern. However, the net accumulation of humic substances in both needle and twig litters decreased during decomposition, and the decrease was related to the rapid release of labile components. We conclude that the rapid release of labile components limits the accumulation of humic substances in plant litter during decomposition in this alpine coniferous forest.
Ecosystem engineering by bison (Bison bison) wallowing increases arthropod community heterogeneity in space and time
Authors: Nickell Zachary , Varriano Sofia , Plemmons Eric , Moran Matthew D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEcosystem engineers have important effects on abundance and diversity of organisms and are vital for conservation efforts. Some large mammalian grazers are engineers because their grazing activity radically changes plant community structure, an effect which then cascades to other consumers. Many large grazers also behaviorally modify the physical environment. American bison (Bison bison) are known for their wallowing, a behavior that creates distinct areas of high disturbance with modified biological and physical characteristics, but how this behavior affects other consumers is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated arthropod abundance and diversity patterns in active and abandoned wallows compared to those in surrounding tallgrass prairie. We found that active wallows contained lower arthropod abundance and diversity compared to surrounding prairie. Herbivorous arthropods were particularly affected and only about 50% as abundant in wallows, while carnivores and detritivores were affected similarly, but to a lesser degree. In contrast, abandoned wallows had higher arthropod abundance seasonally and higher species richness in several feeding groups. Because of arthropod differences in active and abandoned wallows compared to adjacent prairie, it appears that the impact of wallowing is dependent on time since occurrence, with long‐term effects creating patches of higher arthropod abundance and richness. These patches are likely important, at least seasonally, for other consumers higher on the food web. Together with publications documenting positive effects of bison grazing on arthropod abundance and diversity, our results indicate that wallowing effects are potentially additive. These results suggest that physical changes caused by bison behavior are important for maintaining arthropod biodiversity of tallgrass prairies, and bison may therefore be valuable conservation tools. Bison have been proposed as important candidates for rewilding portions of North America, and our results suggest that they could indeed be valuable toward this end.
Ultrathin‐Film Titania Photocatalyst on Nanocavity for CO2 Reduction with Boosted Catalytic Efficiencies
Authors: Song Haomin , Wu Wei , Liang Jian‐Wei , Maity Partha , Shu Yuying , Wang Nam Sun , Mohammed Omar F. , Ooi Boon S. , Gan Qiaoqiang , Liu Dongxia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction with water to hydrocarbons represents a viable and sustainable process toward greenhouse gas reduction and fuel/chemical production. Development of more efficient catalysts is the key to mitigate the limits in photocatalytic processes. Here, a novel ultrathin‐film photocatalytic light absorber (UFPLA) with TiO2 films to design efficient photocatalytic CO2 conversion processes is created. The UFPLA structure conquers the intrinsic trade‐off between optical absorption and charge carrier extraction efficiency, that is, a solar absorber should be thick enough to absorb majority of the light allowable by its bandgap but thin enough to allow charge carrier extraction for reactions. The as‐obtained structures significantly improve TiO2 photocatalytic activity and selectivity to oxygenated hydrocarbons than the benchmark photocatalyst (Aeroxide P25). Remarkably, UFPLAs with 2‐nm‐thick TiO2 films result in hydrocarbon formation rates of 0.967 mmol g−1 h−1, corresponding to 1145 times higher activity than Aeroxide P25. This observation is confirmed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic experiments where longer charge carrier lifetimes are recorded for the thinner films. The current work demonstrates a powerful strategy to control light absorption and catalysis in CO2 conversion and, therefore, creates new and transformative ways of converting solar energy and greenhouse gas to alcohol fuels/chemicals.
Structural and Dynamic Aspects of Palladium(II)‐Based Self‐Assembled Binuclear Coordination Complexes
Authors: Dasary Hareesha , Chand Dillip Kumar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembled binuclear complexes of Pd2L′2L2 and Pd2L4 type formulations have been achieved by combining the cis‐protected palladium(II) component i. e., [PdL′]2+ (where L′ stands for tmeda) and naked palladium(II) separately with a 3‐pyridyl appended non‐chelating bidentate ligand, L under suitable conditions. Supramolecular fusion of the Pd2L4 and PdL′2 type complexes have been demonstrated that provided the corresponding Pd2L′2L2 type complex. One pot synthesis of the binuclear Pd2L′2L2 type complex is achieved by combining palladium(II), L′ and L at equimolar ratio, however, along with an unidentified trap. The crystal structure of a Pd2L4 type complex confirmed the binuclear architecture of the cage. Intermolecular H‐bonding and π‐π stacking interactions are analyzed from the crystal structure and the extended intermolecular interactions apparently generated a grid pattern.