bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Antiviral Medicinal Plants and Biological Compounds Against Central Nervous System Infections: A Mechanistic Review
Authors: Malekmohammad Khojasteh , Rafieian-Kopaei Mahmoud , Sardari Samira , Sewell Robert D.E. 
Published: July 2019

Background and Objective:Infectious diseases are amongst the leading causes of death in the world and central nervous system infections produced by viruses may either be fatal or generate a wide range of symptoms that affect global human health. Most antiviral plants contain active phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols, some of which play an important antiviral role. Herein, we present a background to viral central nervous system (CNS) infections, followed by a review of medicinal plants and bioactive compounds that are effective against viral pathogens in CNS infections.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was conducted on scientific databases including: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The relevant keywords used as search terms were: “myelitis”, “encephalitis”, “meningitis”, “meningoencephalitis”, “encephalomyelitis”, “central nervous system”, “brain”, “spinal cord”, “infection”, “virus”, “medicinal plants”, and “biological compounds”.Results:The most significant viruses involved in central nervous system infections are: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), West Nile Virus (WNV), Enterovirus 71 (EV71), Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), and Dengue Virus (DENV). The inhibitory activity of medicinal plants against CNS viruses is mostly active through prevention of viral binding to cell membranes, blocking viral genome replication, prevention of viral protein expression, scavenging reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and reduction of plaque formation.Conclusion:Due to the increased resistance of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and parasites) to antimicrobial therapies, alternative treatments, especially using plant sources and their bioactive constituents, appear to be more fruitful.
Synthesis of N-Substituted Benzamide Derivatives and their Evaluation as Antitumor Agents
Authors: Chen Taiping , Jiang Hongwu , Zhou Jianjun , Li Zicheng , Huang Wencai , Luo Youfu , Zhao Yinglan 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACIs) with different chemical structures
have been reported to play an important role in the treatment of cancer.

Objective:
The study aims to modify the structure of Entinostat (MS-275) to discover new compounds
with improved anti-proliferative activities and perform SAR studies on this class of bioactive
compounds.

Methods:
Fourteen N-substituted benzamide derivatives were synthesized and their antiproliferative
activities were tested with four cancer cell lines (MCF-7, A549, K562 and MDA-MB-
231) by MTT assay.

Results:
Compared with MS-275, six compounds exhibited comparable or even better antiproliferative
activities against specific/certain cancer cell lines.

Conclusion:
The preliminary SARs showed that (ⅰ) the 2-substituent of the phenyl ring in the R
group and heteroatoms of amide which can chelate with zinc ion are critical to the antiproliferative
activity and (ⅱ) chlorine atom or nitro-group on the same benzene ring largely decreases
their anti-proliferative activity. Molecular docking study illustrated the interaction (binding
affinity) between the synthesized compounds and HDAC2 was observed to be similar to that of
MS-275.
4-Aminocoumarin based Aroylthioureas as Potential Jack Bean Urease Inhibitors; Synthesis, Enzyme Inhibitory Kinetics and Docking Studies
Authors: Fattah Tanzeela A. , Saeed Aamer , Ashraf Zaman , Abbas Qamar , Channar Pervaiz A. , Larik Fayaz A. , Hassan Mubashir 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Urease enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and CO2,
excess ammonia causes global warming and crop reduction. Ureases are also responsible for certain
human diseases such as stomach cancer, peptic ulceration, pyelonephritis, and kidney stones.
New urease inhibitors are developed to get rid of such problems.

Objective:
This article describes the synthesis of a series of novel 1-aroyl-3-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-
yl)thiourea derivatives (5a-j) as Jack bean urease inhibitors.

Methods:
Freshly prepared aryl isothiocyanates were reacted with 4-aminocoumarin in the same
pot in an anhydrous medium of acetone. The structures of the title thioureas (5a-j) were ascertained
by their spectroscopic data. The inhibitory effects against jack bean urease were determined.

Results:
It was found that compounds 5i and 5j showed excellent activity with IC50 values 0.0065
and 0.0293, µM respectively. Compound 5i bearing 4-methyl substituted phenyl ring plays a vital
role in enzyme inhibitory activity. The kinetic mechanism analyzed by Lineweavere-Burk plots
revealed that compound 5i inhibits the enzyme non-competitively. The Michaelis-Menten constant
Km and inhibition constants Ki calculated from Lineweavere-Burk plots for compound 5i are
4.155mM and 0.00032µM, respectively. The antioxidant activity results displayed that compound
5j showed excellent radical scavenging activity. The cytotoxic effects determined against brine
shrimp assay showed that all of the synthesized compounds are non-toxic to shrimp larvae. Molecular
docking studies were performed against target protein (PDBID 4H9M) and it was determined
that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited good binding affinity with the target protein.
Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) results revealed that compound 5i forms a stable
complex with target protein showing little fluctuation.

Conclusion:
Based upon our investigations, it is proposed that 5i derivative may serve as a lead
structure for devising more potent urease inhibitors.
Virological Quality of Urban Rivers and Hospitals Wastewaters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Bedada Tesfaye L. , Eshete Teshome B. , Gebre Samson G. , Dera Firehiwot A. , Sima Waktole G. , Negassi Tigist Y. , Maheder Rahel F. , Teklu Shiferaw , Awoke Kaleab , Feto Tatek K. , Tullu Kassu D. 
Published: July 2019

Background:Polluted rivers and hospital wastewater become a greater concern because of their public health and environmental hazards with high tendency to result in epidemics.Methods and Materials:The current study investigated 84 samples of Urban rivers and 30 samples of hospitals wastewaters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia between February and April, 2017. The simultaneous detection of male-specific and somatic Coliphages from the samples was carried out usingEscherichia coliCB390 as the host according to the single agar layer plaque assay at public health microbiology laboratory of Ethiopian Public Health Institute.Results:Of the total 114 samples tested, coliphages were detected in 44 (52.4%) and 3 (10%) samples of urban rivers and hospital waste waters, respect ively. Total coliphages enumerations ranged from <1pfu/100ml to 5.2×103pfu/100ml for urban rivers and <1pfu/100ml to 4.92×103pfu/100ml for hospitals wastewaters.Conclusion:The detection of total coliphages in our study settings warrants the possibility that the pollution of urban rivers and hospital wastewaters may be a source for pathogenic viral infections. Unless coliphages, viral and fecal indicators are also examined in the waters by public health agencies, waterborne infections cause a major risk to public health.
Agriculture Development, Employment Generation and Poverty Reduction in West Africa
Authors: Osabohien Romanus , Matthew Oluwatoyin , Gershon Obindah , Ogunbiyi Toun , Nwosu Ebere 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The problem of poverty eradication has been limited to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region, which accounts for more than 40% of the world's poor population. The majority of these people are rural farmers who depend solely on agriculture for livelihood. Agriculture in West Africa remains the largest means of employment in which more than 60% of the sub-region’s active labour force is involved.

Objective:
This study examined the potentials of agriculture to generate employment for the people, thereby reducing the level of poverty in West Africa.

Methods:
The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) econometric technique was employed in this study for the panel data covering the period of 17 years (2000 to 2016).

Results:
Results from the study showed that agriculture provides the opportunity for the poor to increase their earnings to escape the poverty trap, whether the poor can seize these agricultural opportunities depends on their human capital development.

Conclusion:
The study, therefore, concluded that effective policies (e.g. social protection) should be formulated in the agricultural development plans that will prioritize sustainable land and water management, access to markets, and the food security. To achieve this, the use of modern methods should be encouraged through farm incentives to boost agricultural production and increase farmer’s income which is earned through the sale of agricultural commodities, and thus; in the long run, increase the revenue accruing to the government and reduce the rate of poverty.
FractWhale-DSR: Fractional Whale Optimization Based Secure Dynamic Source Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad-hoc Network
Authors: Suma Putra , Hussain Mohammed Ali 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Nodes in the mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) have the dynamic nature
due to their vast separation distance. The dynamic nature of the MANET nodes changes the routing
path established for the communication. The dynamic secured routing (DSR) has gained popularity
since they provide the routing path based on the demand provided by the source and destination
nodes. Various literature works have discussed the DSR strategy for routing path establishment, but
faces challenges since it consumes high energy during the route discovery phase.

Objective:
To overcome the challenges in the existing works, a DSR strategy based on the Fractional
Whale optimization algorithm (FWOA) is introduced in this work.

Methods:
The proposed algorithm uses the C 2 TE based selection criteria which depend on the
connectivity, congestion, trust, and energy for selecting the suitable nodes for the communication.
The proposed FractWhale-DSR algorithm finds the secured routing path in three phases.

Results:
The parameters, such as throughput, delay, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and the energy
define the performance of the proposed model. From the simulation results, the proposed FractWhale-
DSR algorithm has an overall better performance with the values of 0.57265, 0.005118,
0.786325, and 75.88636% for throughput, delay, PDR, and energy respectively at the round of 25
for the MANET with 100 nodes.

Conclusion:
The proposed DSR strategy has the advantage of adaptability and scalability. Also, the
router selects the alternate paths, when there is a link failure in the current network.
The Kernel Rough K-Means Algorithm
Authors: Meng Wang , Hongyan Dui , Shiyuan Zhou , Zhankui Dong , Zige Wu 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Clustering is one of the most important data mining methods. The k-means
(c-means ) and its derivative methods are the hotspot in the field of clustering research in recent
years. The clustering method can be divided into two categories according to the uncertainty, which
are hard clustering and soft clustering. The Hard C-Means clustering (HCM) belongs to hard clustering
while the Fuzzy C-Means clustering (FCM) belongs to soft clustering in the field of k-means
clustering research respectively. The linearly separable problem is a big challenge to clustering and
classification algorithm and further improvement is required in big data era.

Objective:
RKM algorithm based on fuzzy roughness is also a hot topic in current research. The
rough set theory and the fuzzy theory are powerful tools for depicting uncertainty, which are the
same in essence. Therefore, RKM can be kernelized by the mean of KFCM. In this paper, we put
forward a Kernel Rough K-Means algorithm (KRKM) for RKM to solve nonlinear problem for
RKM. KRKM expanded the ability of processing complex data of RKM and solve the problem of
the soft clustering uncertainty.

Methods:
This paper proposed the process of the Kernel Rough K-Means algorithm (KRKM). Then
the clustering accuracy was contrasted by utilizing the data sets from UCI repository. The experiment
results shown the KRKM with improved clustering accuracy, comparing with the RKM algorithm.

Results:
The classification precision of KFCM and KRKM were improved. For the classification
precision, KRKM was slightly higher than KFCM, indicating that KRKM was also an attractive alternative
clustering algorithm and had good clustering effect when dealing with nonlinear clustering.

Conclusion:
Through the comparison with the precision of KFCM algorithm, it was found that
KRKM had slight advantages in clustering accuracy. KRKM was one of the effective clustering algorithms
that can be selected in nonlinear clustering.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEMS
Authors: Emelianov M. V. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives. The aim of the study is to develop information technology design systems for monitoring load-bearing structures of buildings and structures of a higher category of responsibility based on the initial data on the construction object and the results of engineering surveys.Method. The article discusses the approach to the formalization of the description of the procedure for developing projects for monitoring buildings and structures, based on the design features of the SMC building structures, the engineering experience of designing these systems.Result. The article presents the conceptual foundations of the developed information technology, the algorithm for determining the monitoring mode based on information about the construction object, the algorithm for the macro to determine the most loaded nodes and elements in the complex finite element modeling. Recommendations are given for determining the control parameters, the composition of the measuring equipment.Conclusion. The conceptual foundations of information technology developed in the course of the research allow for the further development of algorithms and programs for the automated analysis of information about the object and the construction site in order to obtain the automatic mode of the results necessary for developing monitoring systems for buildings and structures of a higher category of responsibility.
UNIVERSAL INFORMATION BLOCKS AS PART OF THE DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE OPERATIONAL DUTY SHIFT OF THE СONTROL СENTER IN CRISIS SITUATIONS
Authors: Popov A. L. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives. The aim of the study is to develop a set of interconnected information blocks for the formation, subsequent processing and application of data in the preparation of reporting and functional documents.Method. The choice of regularly used templates as a basis for the development of information blocks. Based on the structure and forms of the selected templates, software modules for information block interfaces have been developed.Result. Based on the results of identifying and analyzing problematic issues in the activities of the operational duty shift for the automation and intellectualization of the activities of specialists, the idea of developing and using universal information blocks as part of a database management system for automated workplaces was proposed. Interfaces of information blocks are included in the composition of each workstation and provide for the processes of: entering, changing, searching and filtering data; Previewing, printing and saving documents. In the development of algorithms, original software solutions were applied: combining data prepared by several specialists, generating document details, transferring information between different workstations, monitoring the availability of documents, accessing the necessary reference information.Conclusion. The introduction of the developed information blocks: “Schedule of SLM duty”, “Requisites”, “Journal of Carriage of Duty”, “Control”, “Reference book” into the complex of automated workplaces of operational duty shift in the Crisis Management Center allows you to refuse as a result of automation from manual filling of text templates and, as a result, reduce labor intensity, increase resource and improve the quality of preparation of operational reporting documents in the event of accidents, emergencies, fires and functions national documents in the mode of daily activities in accordance with the regulatory, job and functional duties of specialists.
WIND ENERGY IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PENOSTEKL AND KERAMZIT
Authors: Kokoev M. N. , Fedorov V. T. , Hadgishalapov G. N. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives. Foamglass and expanded clay are absolutely fireproof, reliable and environmentally friendly heat insulators. But in the cost of their production, energy costs reach 40 ... 60%.Method. A part of the thermal energy required for the production of building materials was proposed to be developed by a wind power station (WPP).Result. A heating plant with a Darya turbine capable of operating in severe climatic conditions has been developed. The bearing part of the wind power installation consists of three simple masts, working mainly in compression. The masts are symmetrically placed relative to the center of the wind farm. The design feature is that the vertical shaft with the turbine is suspended at the top of the swivel at the point where the three almost horizontal cables meet. The free ends of the ropes pass through the blocks on the tops of the masts and are secured with anchors at ground level. Therefore, the shaft works mainly in tension and torsion and is well opposed to transverse vibrations. A simple generator without equipment for voltage and frequency regulation operates at WPPs, as for electric heaters of furnaces to which the generator current is supplied, power conditioning is not required. With a decrease in wind speed and a drop in HPP power, the automation supplies more fuel to the burners to maintain the temperature according to the regulations.Conclusion. Thus, the WPP capacity fills a part of the required heat output of the furnaces, and the missing part of the heat output is compensated by burning gas or fuel oil. If the WPP is located near the enterprise, then electricity is supplied to the consumer without transformers. It is cheaper to lay cables of a larger section than to complete a wind farm with two power transformers.
POWER, METALLURGICAL AND CHEMICAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CRYOGENIC INSTRUMENT REFRIGERATING BY LIQUID NITROGEN IN UNDERHEATED CONDUCTION
Authors: Glushaev A. V. , Zamarashkina V. N. , Malysheva T. A. , Sokolova E. V. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives. Cryogenic surgical instruments have been successfully used to conduct tumor ablation. For a long time, cryoablation procedures in Russia were carried out using cryodestructors cooled with liquid nitrogen, which are able to remove heat from the ablation object with high heat flux density and quickly form a cryoablation zone, while being relatively cheap and easy to operate. However, these instruments turned out to be unsuitable for minimally invasive surgeries; therefore, they are squeezed out of practical medicine and cryosurgical instruments are cooled by throttling argon gas. This led to the purpose of the study - the choice of equipment for the organization of local supercooling of pathological tissue.Method. To solve the problem of optimizing the cryogenic pipeline, a method was chosen for finding the Pareto-optimal solution. To solve this problem, it is sufficient to increase the pressure in the fluid flow directed to the NCS using a liquid micropump. In the role of quality criteria in this task, we selected: hydraulic loss power and heat loss power.Result. The following results were obtained: the minimum pressure in the vessel, which ensures the movement of the fluid in a single-phase state, according to the magi-line of 1 m length is 0.75 MPa; With this pressure, through a line with a diameter of 1 mm, the flow rate is maintained up to 6 kg / h; heat dissipation ability of the instrument reaches 608 watts. The thermal load on the cooling system of the heatdissipating device of the device for CA is unsteady and is formed due to the heat reserve accumulated in the patient's tissues.Conclusion. The use of liquid nitrogen in the undersized cryosurgical equipment makes it possible to overcome the noted drawbacks of liquid cryodestructors.
REJECTION PENGGUNAAN ATBM DAN ATBMTT DALAM PEMBUATAN SONGKET PANDAI SIKEK
Authors: Saputra Hanafi 
Published: July 2019

Abstrak
Pandai Sikek merupakan sentral produksi songket terkemuka di Sumatera Barat. Songket Pandai Sikek yang tergolong berkualitas tinggi tersebut dibuat menggunakan alat tenun tradisional yang dikenal dengan panta. Meskipun bisa menghasilkan songket yang berkualitas, namun panta memiliki keterbatasan-keterbatasan, antara lain: proses bertenun yang membutuhkan waktu lama, tingginya resiko kesalahan, dan sebagainya. Dihadapkan pada keterbatasan itu, Pemerintah Pusat melalui Departemen Perindustrian RI memperkenalkan alat tenun baru, yaitu ATBM, serta ATBMTT yang merupakan produk beberapa pengrajin (penenun) setempat. Hanya saja kedua peralatan baru itu (ATBM & ATBMTT) ditolak kehadirannya oleh penenun setempat, buktinya lebih dari 98% penenun tetap menggunakan panta.Hasil penelitian menunjukan, bahwa penenun menolak (rejection) ATBM dan ATBMTT sebagai pengganti panta adalah sebagai berikut: (1) keterbatasan informasi tentang esensi ATBM & ATBMTT sebagai alat inovasi; (2) tingginya kerumitan dan keterbatasan alat inovasi; (3) rendahnya kualitas produk ATBM dibandingkan produk panta sehingga harga jual produk rendah; (4) khusus ATBMTT, adanya hambatan agen pembaru (keengganannya untuk menyebarkan ATBMTT kepada penenun lain); dan, (5) adanya nilai sistem yang tertanam dalam diri adopter (penenun). Nilai sistem tersebut yaitu pemahaman tentang menenun merupakan keterampilan sakral dan identitas serta jati diri sebagai orang Pandai Sikek.