bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selected physicochemical and solubilization properties of pharmacopeal solutions of dry green tea leaf extract (Ext. Camellia sinensis L. folium aqu. siccum)
Authors: Marczyński Zbigniew , Skibska Beata , Nowak Sławomira , Rychlińska Izabela , Jambor Jerzy , Zgoda Marian Mikołaj 
Published: July 2018

Summary

Introduction: Green tea offers not only pleasant, delicate flavor, but also provides health benefits. The extract contains, among others, polyphenols responsible for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They reduce the risk of cancer and their presence exerts preventive activity against cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: Analysis of selected physicochemical and solubilizing properties of pharmacopoeial-true solutions of dry green tea extract.

Methods: The caffeine content was determined in the extract and in dry residue after solubilization by high performance liquid chromatography. The process of micellar solubilization of cholesterol granules and ketoprofen was carried out in model solutions of green tea extract.

Results: The obtained results indicate that the prepared ‘ex tempore’ leaf green tea infusion subjected to short thermal exposure will be characterized by significant solubilization abilities.

Conclusions: The outcomes of the research pointed to the possibility of developing a solid oral dosage form with titrated dry green tea extract of expected pharmacotherapeutic profile.
Free Trade in Theory and Policy: Contemporary Challenges
Authors: Nagel Daniel , Burnete Sorin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Free trade denotes a state of international commercial relations premised on governments’ restraint from using policy instruments meant to favor indigenous industries against foreign competitors. According to the conventional trade theory advocated by classical and neo-classical thinkers, free trade makes little economic sense failing nations’ tendency to specialize based on comparative advantage, a concept with high persuasive influence despite the elapsing of time. Even though the comparative advantage rule has seldom been questioned per se, the free trade concept has been fiercely disputed and not infrequently, bashed. Nations’ involvement in international trade often follows patterns that do not fit theoretical models but attempt to respond to circumstantial interests, most often the need to protect poorly competitive industries. In common parlance, free trade has had both proponents and enemies.
Political and Military Developments in the Byzantine Empire During the 11th Century
Authors: Qerimi Muhamet , Mala Muhamet 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
For the Byzantine Empire, at the end of the first quarter of the 11thcentury, a new period starts, which in the historiography opinion is generalized as the period of the rule of bureaucratic aristocracy of the capital city. This covers the period 1025-1081, which was characterized by disintegration in the state system and failures in the field of internal and foreign politics. The political crisis at its beginning did not appear clearly, because bureaucratic aristocracy came to power following the thriving period that Byzantine Empire had experienced until then, known as the golden age of the empire. After a calm developmental beginning, the period commenced to be characterized by some developments of decentralizing character. Heirs of the then Byzantine Emperor, Basil II. could not resist enough the separatist movements of feudal and military leaders. Despite these trends towards weakening and separatism, Empire reached that thanks to Komnena dynasty to successfully withstand the challenges that were created by Seljuk Turks and Norman Crusaders. It partially reclaimed its former reputation to continue with the political existence for some more centuries. In these developments, the Byzantine Emperors were supported or often were objected by the non-Byzantine feudal elements that in various cases came from Albania, Bulgaria, Rasha and Zeta.
Buell Quain (1912-1939): an Ethnologist without a Grave
Authors: Thomas Erika 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
During the night of August 2nd to 3rd 1939, the American anthropologist Buell Quain, then working among the Krahô Indians, lacerated his body, opened his veins and ended up hanging himself from a tree by using a rope from his hammock. In several letters dated 2nd August 1939 which he had written and left for his usual correspondents, he mentions a contagious disease to explain his final act. But this reason would be contradicted by many of his last comrades and colleagues. This paper aims to investigate elements that contribute to the understanding of the links between the fieldworker and his subject.
Social and Cultural Barriers in Translation
Authors: Rifai Houssaïne 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Using current terms, translation turns out to be one of the oldest manifestations of globalization in the world. It has also played a leading role in the civilizational development of Arab countries by filling gaps in law, philosophy and medicine. It would then be interesting to demonstrate how the interaction of Morocco and France, before and during the French Protectorate (1912), contributed to the construction of a literature and the transmission of knowledge through translation. To do this, it would be wise to reveal, first, the development of translation in Morocco before and during the French Protectorate, then to elucidate its role in the birth of a literary consciousness. As an extension, we will finally discuss the impact of the French heritage in general, in terms of language on Moroccan Arabic, in our time when the boundaries between the local and the global are blurred.
Emergence, a Universal Phenomenon which Connects Reality to Consciousness, Natural Sciences to Humanities
Authors: Crumpei Gabriel , Gavriluţ Alina 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Progress in neuroscience has left a central question of psychism unanswered: what is consciousness? Modeling the psyche from a computational perspective has helped to develop cognitive neurosciences, but it has also shown their limits, of which the definition, description and functioning of consciousness remain essential. From Rene Descartes, who tackled the issue of psychism as the brain-mind dualism, to Chambers, who defined qualia as the tough, difficult problem of research in neuroscience, many hypotheses and theories have been issued to encompass the phenomenon of consciousness. Neuroscience specialists, such as Giulio Tononi or David Eagleman, consider consciousness as a phenomenon of emergence of all processes that take place in the brain. This hypothesis has the advantage of being supported by progress made in the study of complex systems in which the issue of emergence can be mathematically formalized and analyzed by physical-mathematical models. The current tendency to associate neural networks within the broad scope of network science also allows for a physical-mathematical formalization of phenomenology in neural networks and the construction of information-symbolic models. The extrapolation of emergence at the level of physical systems, biological systems and psychic systems can bring new models that can also be applied to the concept of consciousness. The meaning and significance that seem to structure the nature of consciousness is found as direction of evolution and teleological finality, of integration in the whole system and in any complex system at all scales. Starting from the wave-corpuscle duality in quantum physics, we can propose a model for structuring reality, based on the emergence of systems that contribute to the integration and coherence of the entire reality. Physical-mathematical models based mainly on (mereo)topology can provide a mathematical formalization path, and the paradigm of information could allow the development of a pattern of emergence, that is common to all systems, including the psychic system, the difference being given only by the degree of information complexity. Thus, the mind-brain duality, which has been dominating the representation on psychism for a few centuries, could be solved by an informational approach, describing the connection between object and subject, reality and human consciousness, between mind and brain, thus unifying the perspective on natural sciences and humanities.
Rural Diversification Strategies in Promoting Structural Transformation in Zimbabwe
Authors: Svodziwa Mathew 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Rural diversification strategies in Zimbabwe are wide in nature but the environment plays an important role in ensuring that sustainability and structural transformation are achieved. A good understanding of the diversity of rural livelihoods choices and income sources among rural households would therefore inform policy makers on appropriate policy interventions. This paper delves to establish the role of rural diversification strategies in promoting structural transformation in Zimbabwe using Insiza district as a case study. A mixed methods research design was used. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods were applied. The study utilized semi-structured interviews with key informants who were purposively sampled to take part in the study. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed and 86 were returned thus giving the researcher a response rate of 86%. The study’s findings noted that rural diversification is an important component of the rural economy and it plays an important component in order to achieve structural transformation using Insiza district in Zimbabwe as a case study. The study also noted that though climate was negatively impacting on the Insiza district residents, households that diversified their income sources had enhanced income compared with farming households which do not diversify their income sources being vulnerable. The study recommends that the government should intervene by financing and educating the rural folk. Micro-policy should be targeted on rural households incomes that facilitate the provision of widening income options through small scale group schemes.
Ca-125, A Biomarker in Acute-Decompensated Heart Failure. Preliminary Study.
Authors: Ababei M. , Câmpeanu A. , Nistorescu D. , Zaharia O. , Portelli P , Dobroiu M. , Nanea T. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background. CA-125 is a tumor antigen expressed on the surface of ovarian cells, used to monitor the treatment of ovarian cancer (normal upper limit is 35U/mL), but it seems also to have a role as biomarker in heart failure (HF).

Aim. To determine CA-125 changes in acute-decompensated HF (ADHF) patients.

Method. The study group included 110 patients (mean age 72±10 years, 63% men) with ADHF caused by ischemic cardiomyopathy. The subjects were clinically, ecocardiographically and biologically (NT-proBNP, PCR, serum uric acid (sUA), CA-125) evaluated.

Results. CA-125 at admission was 53±33 U/mL and decreased at discharge to 34±17 U/mL, without any difference between males and females. The mean level of CA-125 was significantly higher in patients with pleural effusion.
There was a significant difference between NT-proBNP at admission in obese versus normoponderal patients, which was maintained at discharge. In the same time, the CA-125 did not show significant differences between obese and normoponderal subjects at admission and discharge. The mean level of CA-125 was significantly higher for subjects with reduced ejection fraction and with elevated left ventricular filling pressures versus subjects with preserved ejection fraction and normal left ventricular filling pressures.
The CA-125 correlated with LVEF (R=-0.221, p=0.02), with NT-proBNP (R=0.371, p<0.001), with the inflammation marker - PCR (R=0.284, p=0.003) and oxidative stress marker - sUA (R=0.234, p=0.015).

Conclusions. The wide availability of CA-125, its relatively low cost, its correlation with known prognostic markers in HF and the additional information provided make it a valuable biomarker that can be used in monitoring ADHF patients.
Beyond the Arteries in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Ceasovschih Alexandr , Șorodoc Victoriţa , Aursulesei Viviana , Tesloianu Dan , Jaba Irina M. , Cozma Corina Dima , Mihai Bogdan M. , Stătescu Cristian , Sîrbu Oana , Stoica Alexandra , Tuchiluș Cristina , Anisie Ecaterina , Grigorescu Elena D. , Simionov Lilia , Obreja Maria , Șorodoc Laurenţiu 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objectives. This study aimed to examine peripheral artery disease severity impact on psychological profile of arteriopathy patients.

Material and methods. The prospective study included consecutive PAD patients admitted to the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and the Department of Cardiology of the Emergency Clinical Hospital “Sf. Spiridon” Iasi, between January and September, 2017.

Rezults. The group included 139 PAD patients, 80.6% male and 19.4% female, with an average age of 63.23±9.44 years. PAD stages have a very strong association with level of quality of life (p<0.0001). All Leriche-Fontaine classification categories were significantly associated with the depressive symptoms (p<0.0001). The stress level was moderate in stages IIA, IIB and III and extremely severe in the terminal stage. The prevalence of anxiety was lowest in incipient PADstages with the highest value in stage III.

Conclusions. The fragment of the PhD study presented the psychological profile in the PAD staging and advocates a personalized, wide-ranging approach to the arteriopathy patient including pain and depressive-anxiety management, with amajor impact on the quality of life at terminal stages.
Risk Factors for Diabetes Type 2 Development. Comparison of 6 Major Risk Factors Prevalence Between Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Patients from Bihor County and the Population with Normal Glucose Tolerance from Predatorr Study
Authors: Mihai Vesa Cosmin , Remus Popa Amorin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus represents a public health problem because of its growing prevalence and the enormous costs for its treatment and complications. There are numerous risk factors for diabetes mellitus development but the most important ones are the modifiable factors. In Bihor County the prevalence of obesity and sedentary behaviour in the population of newly diagnosed patients are increased compared to their prevalence in the population without diabetes. Promotion of healthy eating habits and increased physical effort are the most important measures to prevent diabetes mellitus type 2, which accounts for 90-95% of total diabetes cases. Public health programs that bring together physicians, nutritionists, teachers and target groups (children, young people, obese and overweight people)must be initiated in general population from an early age and maintained in order to promote the adherence to a healthy lifestyle.
Transmission Channels of Public Investments Effects on Economic Growth: Case of the CEMAC Sub-region
Authors: Ngouhouo Ibrahim Nji , Ntavoua Samuel Honoré 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The main objective of this research is to locate channels through which public investment can be forwarded in order to impact economic growth in the CEMAC sub-region. To achieve this goal, a dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) and the two-stage least squares (TSLS) methods have been applied. Data to test our two hypotheses were collected from various sources. The results have shown that there effectively exist significant direct and indirect effects of public investment on economic growth. We also discovered that export and employment are being considered as the last shackles of the chain. To that effect, it is recommended to the CEMAC authorities to grant more interest to these variables during the elaboration of public investment policies.
Orí (Head) as an Expression of Yorùbá Aesthetic Philosophy
Authors: Ajíbóyè Olusegun , Fọlárànmí Stephen , Umoru-Ọkẹ Nanashaitu 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Aesthetics was never a subject or a separate philosophy in the traditional philosophies of black Africa. This is however not a justification to conclude that it is nonexistent. Indeed, aesthetics is a day to day affair among Africans. There are criteria for aesthetic judgment among African societies which vary from one society to the other. The Yorùbá of Southwestern Nigeria are not different. This study sets out to examine how the Yorùbá make their aesthetic judgments and demonstrate their aesthetic philosophy in decorating their orí, which means head among the Yorùbá. The head receives special aesthetic attention because of its spiritual and biological importance. It is an expression of the practicalities of Yorùbá aesthetic values. Literature and field work has been of paramount aid to this study. The study uses photographs, works of art and visual illustrations to show the various ways the head is adorned and cared for among the Yoruba. It relied on Yoruba art and language as a tool of investigating the concept of ori and aesthetics. Yorùbá aesthetic values are practically demonstrable and deeply located in the Yorùbá societal, moral and ethical idealisms. It concludes that the spiritual importance of orí or its aesthetics has a connection which has been demonstratively established by the Yorùbá as epressed in the images and illustrations used in this paper.
Segmentation of Ecotourism Demand in a National Recreation Area: The Samanes Park Case, Ecuador
Authors: Carvache-Franco Mauricio , Carvache-Franco Wilmer , Moreira José Luis Proaño , Bastidas Rafael Arce , Carvache-Franco Orly 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the city of Guayaquil of Ecuador is located the Samanes National Recreation Area. This protected area is very visited for its diverse ecotourism activities that are carried out in this site. The empirical work was developed in situ, using a questionnaire and applying the Factorial Analysis as multivariate techniques tries to identify the different segments of the demand. The results show that there are three clusters of visitors: the first group is made up of “multiple motivational tourists”, with high motivation in all variables such as enjoying the environment and pure air, playing sports and enjoying public recreation spaces. The second group is made up of “indifferent tourists”, who present average scores on the motivational variables, as enjoying the environment and pure air, enjoying the public recreational spaces and performing sports. The third group is the largest and are known as the “Ecoturists”, who have high motivations in variables such as enjoying the environment and pure air, enjoy the public recreation spaces, sports and activities in nature and low motivations in the other variables. Carrying out segmentation studies in ecotourism in a recreation area, contributes with important information so that the public institutions in charge of the administration of these protected areas and the providers involved could supply products according to each segment of the demand.
Graduate School Management Characteristics to Ensure Production of Quality Graduates for Sustainable Competitiveness
Authors: Komoldit Kranravee , Tawisook Malai , Pilanthananond Nataya 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
With modern society impacted by globalization, declining birth rates and technological advancement, higher education institutions struggle to produce graduates ready to enter the workforce in adequate quality and number in an increasingly competitive atmosphere. In countries such as Thailand, outdated instruction and social inequalities add further complication. This study aims to examine the management characteristics of such institutions that will effectively promote graduate production and competitiveness in the digital era. Data was collected using Ethnographic Delphi Future Research, with interviews and questionnaires conducted with specialists in the fields of education and management. Results from information gathered and analyzed underline the necessity for supplementing graduate education with information systems technology and digital resources and aligning curricula and practices to meet the demands of industries in need of future manpower. The research identified mechanisms and policies with which higher education management can encourage new knowledge creation through research and provide accessible and convenient avenues for learning to enhance institutional competitiveness and help shape improved, intelligent, better qualified and more marketable human resources for future generations.
Determinants of Financial Moroccan Banks Performance: Approach by the Cointegration Method
Authors: Bayoud Sara , Sifouh Nabil , Chemlal Mohamed 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to test the long-term relationship between banks financial performance and two groups of variables, internal variables specific to the bank, and exogenous macroeconomic variables. To appreciate this long-term relationship, we applied the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares FMOLS method as a technique for estimation cointegrated panel data. Over a period of 26 semesters (2004 to 2016), our results show that a set of internal variables explains the financial performance of banks. As for external factors, economic growth explains this performance, while inflation has no predictive power of performance at least for our sample of the main Moroccan listed banks.
Waqf Between the Past and Present
Authors: Baqutayan Shadiya Mohamed S. , Ariffin Aini Suzana , Mohsin Magda Ismail A. , Mahdzir Akbariah Mohd 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Waqf plays a very important role in Muslim societies. It has been the main source for various public services provided to communities. It has been marginalized as a mere charity, although it has historically been successful in producing sustainable income and reducing poverty levels in Muslim countries. Traditionally, the creation of Waqf is inculcated in Muslims’ culture, and included all walks of life. It has also contributed to the service of man in various areas of development. Nonetheless, in modern times, Waqf has seen a declining role, which raises a number of questions as to what factors actually led to an earlier growth of Waqf, and what was the factor associated with its later decline. This review propagates a historical narrative of Waqf, highlighting the reasons for its decline and the need for reform. The paper concludes that if Muslims have good governments that can manage the funds are transparent, reformulates the laws governing Waqf, and design an integrated network of sciences to monitor issues and problems; they can realistically revive the practice of Waqf. The proper management and disbursement of Waqf can become a great source of revenue for the Ummah.
Admit One’s Driving Offences or Attribute Them to Others: An Exploratory Study Among a Sample of Cameroonian Drivers
Authors: Gaymard Sandrine , Etoundi Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the field of social thinking the question of norms give rise to several publications. Moreover there exists no study in this theoretical framework concerning Cameroon drivers’ relationship with the rule. In order to understand this, a group of 50 motorists filled out a characterization questionnaire on driving, purposely oriented to the use of the mobile. The instructions to the drivers were to fill it out for themselves (standard condition) and for other drivers (substitution condition). The results confirm the role of the substitution instructions in bringing to light inadmissible offences with standard instructions. It can be concluded that the Cameroon drivers are well aware of the rule and that they tend to attribute the greatest transgressions to other drivers.