bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A broadband horizontally polarised omnidirectional antenna with stable radiation patterns
Authors: Lei Zhou , Mantang Cui , Yangyi Lu 
Published: August 2019

A broadband horizontally polarised omnidirectional antenna (HPOA) with stable radiation patterns is proposed. The antenna is composed of two orthogonal broadband HPOA units fed by a wideband power divider. Each HPOA consists of four modified Vivaldi antennas fed by a 1‐to‐4‐way wideband power divider. The four Vivaldi antennas are etched on a circular substrate. The proposed antenna is simulated and discussed. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed antenna obtains a bandwidth of 88.9% from 2.5 to 6.5 GHz with reflection coefficients less than −10 dB, and the antenna gains are higher than 2 dBi in the whole frequency band. The antenna shows omnidirectional radiation feature with ripples less than 4.8 dB in the horizontal plane. The proposed antenna is suitable for 4G‐LTE and 5G communication systems.
Differences in the solar cycle variability of simple and complex active regions during 1996–2018
Authors: Nikbakhsh S. , Tanskanen E. I. , Käpylä M. J. , Hackman T. 
Published: August 2019

Aims. Our aim is to examine the solar cycle variability of magnetically simple and complex active region.
Methods. We studied simple (α and β) and complex (βγ and βγδ) active regions based on the Mount Wilson magnetic classification by applying our newly developed daily approach. We analyzed the daily number of the simple active regions (SARs) and compared that to the abundance of the complex active regions (CARs) over the entire solar cycle 23 and cycle 24 until December 2018.
Results. We show that CARs evolve differently over the solar cycle from SARs. The time evolution of SARs and CARs on different hemispheres also shows differences, even though on average their latitudinal distributions are shown to be similar. The time evolution of SARs closely follows that of the sunspot number, and their maximum abundance was observed to occur during the early maximum phase, while that of the CARs was seen roughly two years later. We furthermore found that the peak of CARs was reached before the latitudinal width of the activity band starts to decease.
Conclusion. Our results suggest that the active region formation process is a competition between the large-scale dynamo (LSD) and the small-scale dynamo (SSD) near the surface, the former varying cyclically and the latter being independent of the solar cycle. During solar maximum, LSD is dominant, giving a preference to SARs, while during the declining phase the relative role of SSD increases. Therefore, a preference for CARs is seen due to the influence of the SSD on the emerging flux.
Radial drift and concurrent ablation of boulder-sized objects
Authors: Burn Remo , Marboeuf Ulysse , Alibert Yann , Benz Willy 
Published: August 2019

Context.The composition of a protoplanetary disk at a given location does not only depend on temperature and pressure but also on the time dependent transport of matter, such as radial drift of solid bodies, which could release water and other volatile species before disintegration or accretion onto a larger body with potentially considerable implications for the composition of planets.Aims.We performed a parameter study focused on the water depletion of different sized bodies able to cross the water snowline by gas-induced radial drift.Methods.Either the analytical Hertz–Knudsen–Langmuir sublimation formula assuming equilibrium temperature within the body or a more involved, numerical model for the internal thermal evolution was coupled with anα-disk model. Different properties of the disk and the embedded body were explored.Results.Bodies with radii up to 100 m drift faster toward the central star than the water snowline, and can therefore cross it. The region that can be reached before complete disintegration – and is therefore polluted with H2O ice – extends to 10% closer to the star than the snowline location. The extent of this polluted region could be multiple times larger in the presence of a dust mantle, which is, however, unlikely to form due to frequent collisions with objects smaller than a centimeter.Conclusions.Given a significant abundance of meter-sized boulders in protoplanetary disks, the transport of water by radial drift of these bodies toward regions closer to the star than the snowline is not negligible and this flux of volatiles can be estimated for a given distribution of solid body sizes and compositions. A simple expression for surface sublimation is applicable for a homogeneous body consisting of only dust and water ice without a dust mantle.
Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy (OPAT) with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter in Patients with Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Baecker Hinnerk , Gessmann Jan , Hanusrichter Yannik , Zahn Peter Konrad , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Frieler Sven 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background A key factor in the successful treatment of periprosthetic joint infection is the consistent antimicrobial therapy. Depending on the pathogen antimicrobial susceptibility, intravenous (i. v.) antibiotics may not be switched to oral medication at patient discharge, without risking a treatment failure. The implementation of an outpatient i. v. therapy using peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) allows for early discharge with continuation of adequate antimicrobial therapy.
Methods We prospectively evaluated the systematic use of PICC in 11 patients with periprosthetic joint infection. Inclusion criterion was the detection of a pathogen that cannot be optimally treated with oral antibiotics according to the current treatment concept (Trampuz et al.).
Results A total of 12 PICCs in 11 patients were analysed. An error or mechanical nerve irritation was not observed. The occurrence of a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) was not recorded. None of our patients had PICC-associated infections, thrombophlebitis or thrombosis. One patient stopped therapy due to a lack of compliance. Ten patients successfully completed their treatment. At a mean follow-up of 29 months, successful infection eradication as measured by the Delphi criteria was achieved in 100%.
Conclusion Although the number of patients included in the study was small, our short-term results suggest a good applicability of PICCs in the outpatient i. v. antimicrobial therapy for treatment of periprosthetic joint infection. Catheter-associated complications could not be observed in our collective. The successful infection control in all cases despite proven difficult-to-treat infection is promising.
„Ach, was Sie nicht sagen“
Authors: Hertlein Margit 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungMenschen sind verschieden – zum Glück. Was dem einen Spaß macht, empfindet der
andere als gähnend langweilig - und trotzdem arbeiten sie mitunter im selben
Beruf. Mehr über menschliche Unterschiede und wie Sie diese gezielt im Team
einsetzen können.
Tumor Response Criteria in Oncoimaging: RECIST Criteria and beyond—Part 2
Authors: Baheti Akshay D. , Rastogi Ashita , Natarajan Aravintho , Patra Anurima , Tirumani Sree Harsha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe rapid recent advances in oncology have made the dream of precision oncology a reality, with targeted therapy available for various tumors depending on the molecular genotype. This has led to the corresponding development of personalized radiology as well, with various tumor response criteria used to characterize disease response/progression depending on chemotherapy used. In these two review articles, we review the various tumor response criteria widely applied in both research and clinical settings. These include the classic size-based criteria such as RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) 1.1 and the WHO (World Health Organization) criteria, as also various other criteria such as Choi and modified Choi criteria for tumors treated by targeted therapy, EASL (European Association for the Study of the Liver) and modified RECIST (mRECIST) criteria for hepatocellular carcinomas, immune-related response criteria (irRC) and immune RECIST (iRECIST) for patients on immunotherapy. Other clinically important criteria such as PERCIST (PET Response Criteria In Solid Tumors) for positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT), and the MD Anderson criteria for evaluating bone metastases are also highlighted.
A Wide Comparison of Techniques for Repair of PAPVCs: One Institution's 20-Year Experience
Authors: Jaschinski Christoph , Cussigh Christiane , Fonseca Elizabeth , Bruckner Tom , Karck Matthias , Loukanov Tsvetomir 
Published: August 2019

Background Different methods for surgical correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) exist. We evaluated the outcomes of four techniques regarding morbidity and mortality.
Methods A total of 116 patients underwent PAPVC repair in our institution over a period of 20 years. Single-patch technique (n = 82 [71%], mean age: 18.59 ± 20.49 years), double-patch technique (n = 13 [11%], mean age: 43.18 ± 25.14 years), Warden's technique (n = 7 [6%], mean age: 10.04 ± 10.47 years), and direct implantation of anomalous pulmonary veins (n = 14 [12%], mean age: 14.42 ± 18.58 years) were examined.
Results Out of the 116 patients, one patient (0.9%) developed pulmonary hypertension after discharge and three patients (2.6%) with normal right cardiac function showed right ventricular failure. In total, a pacemaker was inserted in seven cases (6%). Three patients (2.6%) presented with persistent nonsinus rhythm during follow-up. This complication was most frequently seen in the double-patch group being significantly increased compared with the other groups (p = 0.035). One patient presented with a mild stenosis of the superior vena cava. There were two early, nonsurgery-related deaths and no late mortality.
Conclusion Operative therapy of PAPVC has low postoperative morbidity and mortality. Therefore, surgical repair of this cardiac anomaly is a safe and reproducible treatment independent of the applied method. The surgical technique must be selected based on the anatomy and possible accompanying congenital heart defects. Special care should be taken when using the double-patch technique because of significant more frequent nonsinus rhythm events postoperatively.
The causal role of α-oscillations in feature binding
Authors: Zhang Yanyu , Zhang Yifei , Cai Peng , Luo Huan , Fang Fang 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Integrating visual features into a coherent scene is a challenge for the visual system known as the binding problem. Brain oscillations in the γ-band have been suggested to be a neural substrate of feature binding. Using electroencephalogram, we showed that feature binding was closely associated with α-oscillations. Through the entrainment of α-oscillations by transcranial alternating current stimulation, selectively changing α-oscillations could shape feature binding. Our study demonstrates the causal role of α-oscillations in feature binding and reveals a function of α-oscillations in human cognition.
Application of millisecond time-resolved solid state NMR to the kinetics and mechanism of melittin self-assembly
Authors: Jeon Jaekyun , Thurber Kent R. , Ghirlando Rodolfo , Yau Wai-Ming , Tycko Robert 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Many biological processes involve major changes in the structures and assembly states of proteins and other biopolymers. This paper describes an approach to characterizing such processes with millisecond time resolution, based on rapid mixing to prepare an initial structural state, rapid freezing to trap intermediate states, and low-temperature solid-state NMR (enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization) to probe the structure at successive time points. Results of experiments on melittin, a peptide from bee venom, show that melittin adopts a helical conformation and forms antiparallel dimers on the same timescale (6 to 9 ms). Full structural order within melittin tetramers develops more slowly (roughly 60 ms).
The role of task repetition and learner self-assessment in technology-mediated task performance
Authors: Kartchava Eva , Nassaji Hossein 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study examines the impact of task repetition on second language learners’ task performance and the mediating role of teacher feedback and learner self-assessment on oral performance. The study was conducted in a university-based English for Academic Purposes (EAP) program, where, as part of a course, intermediate proficiency learners (n = 52) were tasked with preparing and delivering a technology-mediated oral presentation (i.e., task) on a topic of their choice. First, they presented the task to the whole-class, reflected on their performance in terms of language and format quality, and received teacher’s feedback. Four weeks later, they produced a second recording and reflected on it again. A comparison group (n = 26) also delivered a presentation before a class but did it once, without reflection or teacher feedback. Both groups used technology to prepare, deliver, and document their presentations. The recordings were rated on six rubric-determined traits by the teacher and an independent rater, and the scores were compared between groups. To determine the effects of self-assessment, coupled with teacher feedback, on task repetition, learners’ written reflections and teacher’s comments were analyzed using discourse coding techniques. The results revealed benefits for task repetition and self-assessment during the performance of the same task for the experimental group, confirming the importance of task repetition in EAP contexts and the need for continuous and teacher-supported learner self-assessment in learner task performance and outcome.
Posting, Texting, and Related Social Risk Behavior While High
Authors: Palamar Joseph J. , Le Austin , Acosta Patricia 
Published: August 2019

Background: Posting on social media can have lasting consequences in one's social life and career. Research has not yet focused on social media or more modern forms of communication as social risk factors for individuals high on drugs. This study aims to examine prevalence and correlates of engaging in social media posting and related behavior while high. Methods: We examined data from 872 adults (39.8% female) who were surveyed entering electronic dance music (EDM) parties in New York City and reported lifetime illegal drug use. Participants were asked whether they were ever high on a drug while (1) posting on social media, (2) calling or texting someone, and (3) being in a photo. Those answering affirmatively were also asked whether they later regretted the behavior. We examined demographic and drug-related correlates of these behaviors. Results: Of the participants, 34.3% posted on social media while high (with 21.4% regretting it), 55.9% had texted or called someone while high (with 30.5% regretting it), and 47.6% had been in a photo while high (with 32.7% regretting it). Females and young adults (ages 18–24) were at high risk for posting on social media while high and at higher risk for engaging in more of these behaviors. Past-month marijuana users in particular were at increased risk for engaging in each of these behaviors. Conclusion: Engaging in these behaviors while high on drugs appears to be prevalent, and prevention and harm reduction efforts should seek to prevent or reduce likelihood of social harm that can result from such situations.
Randomized controlled trial of a water-soluble formulation of lutein in humans
Authors: Kobayashi Junya , Tominaga Etsuko , Ozeki Makoto , Okubo Tsutomu , Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Miyazawa Teruo 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Lutein is poorly absorbed owing to their high hydrophobicity and crystallinity. This double-blind crossover trial involved eight healthy males who were administrated capsules containing either a lutein water-soluble formulation or a lutein oil suspension for 8 days. In the formulation group, plasma and erythrocytes lutein concentrations and baseline-corrected AUC were two-fold higher than those in the oil suspension group.
WQ-3810 exerts high inhibitory effect on quinolone-resistant DNA gyrase of Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Koide Kentaro , Kongsoi Siriporn , Nakajima Chie , Suzuki Yasuhiko 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The inhibitory effect of WQ-3810 on DNA gyrase was assayed to evaluate the potential of WQ-3810 as a candidate drug for the treatment of quinolone resistant Salmonella Typhymurium infection. The inhibitory effect of WQ-3810, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid was compared by accessing the drug concentration that halves the enzyme activity (IC50) of purified S. Typhimurium wildtype and mutant DNA gyrase with amino acid substitution at position 83 or/and 87 in subunit A (GyrA) causing quinolone resistance. As a result, WQ-3810 reduced the enzyme activity of both wildtype and mutant DNA gyrase at a lower concentration than ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Remarkably, WQ-3810 showed a higher inhibitory effect on DNA gyrase with amino acid substitutions at position 87 than with that at position 83 in GyrA. This study revealed that WQ-3810 could be an effective therapeutic agent, especially against quinolone resistant Salmonella enterica having amino acid substitution at position 87.
Effects of typhoon Roke and Haitang on phytoplankton community structure in northeastern South China sea
Authors: Mao Yingjie , Sun Jun , Guo Congcong , Wei Yuqiu , Wang Xingzhou , Yang Shuang , Wu Chao 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

The influence of typhoon and Kuroshio intrusion process on the natural phytoplankton assemblages in the northeastern South China Sea (neSCS) was examined during a cruise in summer 2017. One hundred ninety-six seawater samples were collected and analyzed in the neSCS. In total, 299 species were identified belonging to 82 genera, mostly dominated by Bacillariophyta (159), followed by Dinophyta (132), Cyanophyta (4) and Chrysophyta (4). Among all,
Thalassionema nitzschioides
,
Thalassionema frauenfeldii
,
Thalassiosira minima
, in Bacillariophyta,
Prorocentrum lenticulatum
,
Prorocentrum compressum
in Dinophyta, and
Trichodesmium thiebautii
, in the Cyanophyta were the most dominated species, respectively. Correlation analysis shows compared with other groups Bacillariophyta was mostly influenced by silicate, whereas, Dinophyta and Cyanophyta showed significant correlation with temperature, salinity, phosphate, and nitrate. After the typhoon, the higher abundance of Dinophyta was observed, whereas it was lower in case of Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta, shows typhoon “Roke“ and ”Haitang” had a significant influence on the phytoplankton assemblages, which could be manifested by the variations of total phytoplankton abundance in the surface water of neSCS. Overall, our present study provides the latest in-depth information about how the environmental factors influencing the phytoplankton density and diversity in the neSCS during summer.
Fluorescent thermal imaging of a non-insulated pancake coil wound from high temperature superconductor tape
Authors: Gyuráki R , Benkel T , Schreiner F , Sirois F , Grilli F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We have wound a 157-turn, non-insulated pancake coil with an outer diameter of 85 mm and we cooled it down to 77 K with a combination of conduction and gas cooling. Using high-speed fluorescent thermal imaging in combination with electrical measurements we have investigated the coil under load, including various ramping tests and over-current experiments. We have found that the coil does not heat up measurably when being ramped to below its critical current. Two over-current experiments are presented, where in one case the coil recovered by itself and in another case a thermal runaway occurred. We have recorded heating in the bulk of the windings due to local defects, however the coil remained cryostable even during some over-critical conditions and heated only to about 82–85 K at certain positions. A thermal runaway was observed at the center, where the highest magnetic field and a resistive joint create a natural defect. The maximum temperature, ∼100 K, was reached only in the few innermost windings around the coil former.
Time-dependent runaway electron simulations: Ampere–Faraday equations implemented in CQL3D
Authors: Harvey R.W. , Petrov Yu.V. , Kim Charlson C. , Forest C.B. , Lao L.L. , Parks P.B. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The runaway electron (RE) distributions driven by a large toroidal electric field induced by the drop in the temperature profile due to disruption or pellets are comprehensively simulated by the 3D Fokker–Planck (FP) solver CQL3D (Harvey and McCoy 1992 Proc. of IAEA TCM), recently coupled to the Ampere–Faraday (AF) equations. The evolution of the toroidal current in a plasma occurs on a resistive time scale, τ
res  =  4πa
2/(c
2
η), which is typically of the order of seconds in present tokamaks. Here, a and η are respectively plasma radius or radial extent of a current density perturbation, and Ohmic resistivity. From the Faraday EM equation, the toroidal electric field is proportional to the time derivative of the poloidal magnetic field, which, from the Ampere equation, is proportional to the toroidal current. Thus, the toroidal electric field rapidly increases due to an abrupt temperature drop decrease in conductivity, to prevent change in the toroidal current faster than τ
res. This is a example of Lenz’s law. For example, in simulations with KPRAD (Whyte et al 2003 J. Nucl. Mater. 313–6 1239) of neon pellet injection into a DIII-D shot, T
e drops from 2 keV to 10 eV in 0.1 ms and Z
eff increases 1–4, giving that the electric field increases 3500×  to 0.8 V cm−1. As described in Harvey et al (2000 PoP 7 4590), this places much of the tail electron distribution beyond the Dreicer runaway velocity, giving so-called ‘hot-tail runaways’ which for a time are the dominant source of runaways, more so than the knockon source. In this prior calculation, performed for a single flux surface, the toroidal current density is held constant, on the basis that τ
res is large. Most of the initial current can be converted to runaway current, which is then dangerous, particularly for ITER. A more comprehensive A–F model recently implemented in CQL3D, taking into account the time-development of the full-plasma-width toroidal electric field on time-scales of order τ
res applies an iterative technique for the toroidal field previously developed for a different application (Kupfer et al 1996 PoP 3 3644), maintaining the implicit-in-time evolution of CQL3D. The degree of runaway current formation is reduced in AF augmented CQL3D, but the basic mechanism of ‘hot-tail runaways’ remains a dominant contribution to the REs at early times after the T
e drop in these simulations. On the other hand, a NIMROD (Sovinec et al 2004 J. Comput. Phys. 195 355) simulation of shattered-pellet shutdown of DIII-D plasma (Kim 2018 APS/DPP Meeting), gives a slower thermal quench; when the plasma profiles and electric field are coupled one-way to CQL3D, the ‘hot-tail’ REs are much less, and growth of RE is dominated by the knockon process.