bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoring Confidence in Consumer Financial Protection Regulation in Australia: A Sisyphean Task?
Authors: Schmulow Andrew , Fairweather Karen , Tarrant John 
Published: February 2019

AbstractConsumer financial protection and the integrity of the Australian financial system are critical to the Australian economy in many ways, including the provision of an effective banking system, and the security of Australia’s significant superannuation savings. This is especially the case in an environment where financial products have become more complex and difficult for consumers to understand. In recent years there have been several scandals in Australia’s financial sector that have undermined confidence in the financial system, and exposed regulatory failure. The authors argue that there needs to be a more effective oversight of the key regulators in the Australian financial system to maintain confidence in the system, and prevent capture of the regulators by the financial services industry. The authors contend that the recommendation of the Financial System Inquiry for the establishment of an Assessment Board to provide continuous oversight of the financial regulators is an effective solution to the poor regulatory outcomes encountered in Australia in recent years. The consequences of not having such oversight are likely to be more financial scandals, and further instability in the financial system. These deficiencies must be addressed as a matter of urgency.
Increased Awareness, Unchanged Behavior: Prediabetes Diagnosis in a Low-Income, Minority Population
Authors: Strodel Rachel J. , Chang Claire H. , Khurana Sonia G. , Camp Anne W. , Magenheimer Elizabeth A. , Hawley Nicola L. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose The purpose of the study was to explore preventive behaviors and attitudes among mostly low-income, young Hispanic women with and without prediabetes. Methods In 2017, a convenience sample of women without diabetes aged 18 to 49 years (n = 214, 77.8% Hispanic) was recruited from the waiting room of a community health center to complete a 77-item questionnaire. Attitudes, risk perception, and recent lifestyle change were measured using a validated instrument, the Risk Perceptions Survey: Developing Diabetes. Chi-squared tests and multivariable binary logistic regression were conducted to assess the relationship between prediabetes diagnosis and attitude or lifestyle variables. Results Women diagnosed with prediabetes were more likely to report worry about diabetes and to perceive themselves at higher risk for developing diabetes in the next 10 years than women without a prior prediabetes diagnosis. There was no significant association between prediabetes diagnosis and recent adoption of lifestyle changes compared with those without prediabetes. After controlling for demographic characteristics and risk factors for type 2 diabetes, prediabetes diagnosis was significantly associated with elevated risk perception for developing diabetes if no lifestyle change is made but not with worry or risk perception for developing diabetes generally. Conclusions Prediabetes diagnosis is associated with heightened perception of diabetes risk but not lifestyle change compared to women without prediabetes in this low-income, predominantly Hispanic population. Prediabetes counseling efforts must emphasize evidence-based approaches for motivating preventive behaviors.
“Keep it Realistic”: Reactions to and Recommendations for Physical Activity Promotion Messages From Focus Groups of Women
Authors: Thai Chan L. , Taber Jennifer M. , Oh April , Segar Michelle , Blake Kelly , Patrick Heather 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: Less than half of US adults meet the recommended guidelines of 150 minutes of exercise each week. Health promotion messages are frequently used to promote physical activity (PA); however, this messaging may be ineffective if it does not resonate with the target audience. The purpose of this exploratory study is to understand how women respond to examples of PA promotion messages. Approach/Design: A qualitative study. Setting: Washington DC Metro Area. Participants: Forty women, stratified by race/ethnicity (white, black, Latina) and level of self-reported PA (active, inactive). Method: Eight focus groups were conducted in which participants were shown 3 PA promotion messages representative of typical messaging strategies. Three researchers conducted a thematic analysis to code the data for emergent themes. Results: Current PA promotion messaging strategies do not resonate with women. Women want to see individuals with “realistic” bodies who look similar to them (eg, body shape, age, race/ethnicity), and for PA messaging to include daily activities as a way to be active. Conclusions: Public health practitioners who promote PA to women should consider developing messages that better resonate with women’s dynamic roles and lifestyles. Successful strategies may include depicting busy lifestyles that PA may be physically and logistically difficult to fit into and using models with diverse body shapes.
A comparative protein analysis of lung cancer, along with three controls using a multidimensional proteomic approach
Authors: Saleem Mahwish , Raza Syed K , G Musharraf Syed 
Published: February 2019

Lung cancer is an important respiratory disease accounting for millions of deaths worldwide. Developments in proteomics techniques and mass spectrometry offer comprehensive answers to unravel the complexities of lethal diseases such as lung cancer at the molecular level. The current study focuses on the proteomic profiling of lung cancer and its comparison with other controls including chronic smoker (high-risk individuals), obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and healthy control. A multistep proteomic strategy was used on the pooled plasma of each group including depletion of seven most abundant proteins, 2D-SDS-PAGE separation followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS) analysis. Total 23 proteins were identified, and out of them only 7 proteins were found to be expressed in increased amounts in disease and smoker groups as compared to healthy group including haptoglobin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP 4), alpha-1 antitrypsin, Ig lambda 2 chain C region, Ig alpha-1-chain C region, clusterin, transthyretin (TTR). Haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin were found to be sequentially increased in healthy control along with smoker, COPD, and lung cancer. The differentially expressed proteins might have a prognostic potential to be used in the progression of COPD to ultimately lung cancer. Impact statement A multistep proteomics fractionation strategy was developed and validated for the discovery of proteomic biomarkers which could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for monitoring the progression of disease in smokers and COPD patients towards lung cancer.
Effects of Intranasal Cellulose Powder on Asthma Control in Children With Mild-to-Moderate Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Xi , Guan Wei-jie , Sun Shi-xue , Zheng Pei-yan , Sun Li-hong , Chen De-hui , Wang Dan-dan , Chen Chang , Sun Bao-qing , Douglas Zhang Xiao-hua 
Published: February 2019

Background Perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) often coexists in asthmatic patients. Intranasal cellulose powder (ICP) was reportedly effective in ameliorating PAR. Objective We investigated whether ICP is equally effective compared with intranasal corticosteroids in improving asthma control as well as nasal symptoms among children with PAR and allergic asthma (AA). Methods Between July 2015 and September 2016, we did a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Asthmatic children aged 6 to 11 years with mild-to-moderate PAR were randomly assigned to formoterol/budesonide inhalation (4·5 µg/80 µg, twice daily) plus intranasal budesonide 64 µg twice daily (group A), ICP 250 µg thrice daily (group B), or intranasal placebo 250 µg thrice daily (group C) for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was change in asthma control test for children (C-ACT) score from baseline to week 8 posttreatment. Changes in spirometry, peak expiratory flow (PEF), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and visual analog scale (VAS) for nasal and ocular symptoms were detected as secondary outcomes. Results We included 121 patients (38 in group A, 41 in group B, and 42 in group C) in full-analysis set. C-ACT score was markedly higher at week 8 compared with baseline (mean difference: 5.11, 6.05, and 4.85 points in groups A, B, and C, respectively; P < .05). There were interactions between baseline and treatment in C-ACT scores ( P < .05). Group B demonstrated greater improvement in C-ACT score than group C among children with baseline C-ACT score of 6 to 18. 95% confidence intervals of group A at baseline overlapped with those of groups B and C. The treatment achieved reduced VAS symptoms in groups A and B but not in group C. Incidence of adverse events was comparable. No serious adverse event was reported. Conclusions ICP could be recommended for children with PAR and AA who have poorer asthma control.
A Novel Cartilage Fragments Stimulation Model Revealed that Macrophage Inflammatory Response Causes an Upregulation of Catabolic Factors of Chondrocytes In Vitro
Authors: Hamasaki Masanari , Terkawi Mohamad Alaa , Onodera Tomohiro , Homan Kentaro , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: February 2019

Objective Osteoarthritis is a progressive joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. Presence of cartilage fragments in the joint due to degradation of cartilage is thought to be associated with local inflammatory response and progressive osteoarthritic process. Understanding the mechanism by which cartilage fragments elicit this destructive process should aid in designing novel therapeutic approaches. Therefore, objective of current study is to establish an in vitro model to examine the cross-talk between chondrocytes and cartilage fragments–stimulated macrophages. Design Cartilage fragments were prepared from femoral head cartilages of mice and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and particle size analyzer. Bone marrow–derived macrophages were co-cultured with cartilage fragments and chondrocytes using transwell co-culture system. Macrophage inflammatory mediators in supernatant of cultures were determined by ELISA and gene expression of macrophages and chondrocyte were quantified by qRT-PCR. Results Shapes of cartilage fragments were irregular with sizes ranged between 0.54 and 55 μm. Macrophages cultured with cartilage fragments released significantly higher concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and NO than those of mock and control. Consistently, gene expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and MMP-9 were significantly increased in stimulated macrophages. The elevation in production of pro-inflammatory molecules in stimulated macrophages cultures were coincident with an increase in gene expression of chondrocyte MMP-13, iNOS, and IL-6. Conclusion We developed an in vitro co-culture model to study the impact of stimulation of macrophage by cartilage fragments on the expression of chondrocyte carbolic factors. Our results revealed that cartilage fragments triggered macrophages inflammatory response that enhanced the production of chondrocyte catabolic factors.
Automatic 3D illumination-diagnosis method for large-N arrays: Robust data scanner and machine-learning feature provider
Authors: Chamarczuk Michał , Malinowski Michał , Nishitsuji Yohei , Thorbecke Jan , Koivisto Emilia , Heinonen Suvi , Juurela Sanna , Mężyk Miłosz , Draganov Deyan 
Published: February 2019

The main issues related to passive-source reflection imaging with seismic interferometry (SI) are inadequate acquisition parameters for sufficient spatial wavefield sampling and vulnerability of surface arrays to the dominant influence of the omnipresent surface-wave sources. Additionally, long recordings provide large data volumes that require robust and efficient processing methods. We address these problems by developing a two-step wavefield evaluation and event detection (TWEED) method of body waves in recorded ambient noise. TWEED evaluates the spatiotemporal characteristics of noise recordings by simultaneous analysis of adjacent receiver lines. We test our method on synthetic data representing transient ambient-noise sources at the surface and in the deeper subsurface. We discriminate between basic types of seismic events by using three adjacent receiver lines. Subsequently, we apply TWEED to 600 h of ambient noise acquired with an approximately 1000-receiver array deployed over an active underground mine in Eastern Finland. We develop the detection of body-wave events related to mine blasts and other routine mining activities using a representative 1 h noise panel. Using TWEED, we successfully detect 1093 body-wave events in the full data set. To increase the computational efficiency, we use slowness parameters derived from the first step of TWEED as input to a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. Using this approach, we detect 94% of the TWEED-evaluated body-wave events indicating the possibility to limit the illumination analysis to only one step, and therefore increase the time efficiency at the price of lower detection rate. However, TWEED on a small volume of the recorded data followed by SVM on the rest of the data could be efficiently used for a quick and robust (real-time) scanning for body-wave energy in large data volumes for subsequent application of SI for retrieval of reflections.
Randomized Phase III Study of Alisertib or Investigator’s Choice (Selected Single Agent) in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: O’Connor Owen A. , Özcan Muhit , Jacobsen Eric D. , Roncero Josep M. , Trotman Judith , Demeter Judit , Masszi Tamás , Pereira Juliana , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Beaven Anne , Caballero Dolores , Horwitz Steven M. , Lennard Anne , Turgut Mehmet , Hamerschlak Nelson , d’Amore Francesco A. , Foss Francine , Kim Won-Seog , Leonard John P. , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Chiattone Carlos S. , Hsi Eric D. , Trümper Lorenz , Liu Hua , Sheldon-Waniga Emily , Ullmann Claudio Dansky , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Leonard E. Jane , Shustov Andrei R. ,   on behalf of the Lumiere Study Investigators
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE The aim of this open-label, first-in-setting, randomized phase III trial was to evaluate the efficacy of alisertib, an investigational Aurora A kinase inhibitor, in patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Adult patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL—one or more prior therapy—were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive oral alisertib 50 mg two times per day (days 1 to 7; 21-day cycle) or investigator-selected single-agent comparator, including intravenous pralatrexate 30 mg/m2 (once per week for 6 weeks; 7-week cycle), or intravenous gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 or intravenous romidepsin 14 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, and 15; 28-day cycle). Tumor tissue (disease subtype) and imaging were assessed by independent central review. Primary outcomes were overall response rate and progression-free survival (PFS). Two interim analyses and one final analysis were planned. RESULTS Between May 2012 and October 2014, 271 patients were randomly assigned (alisertib, n = 138; comparator, n = 133). Enrollment was stopped early on the recommendation of the independent data monitoring committee as a result of the low probability of alisertib achieving PFS superiority with full enrollment. Centrally assessed overall response rate was 33% for alisertib and 45% for the comparator arm (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.33 to 1.08). Median PFS was 115 days for alisertib and 104 days for the comparator arm (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.637 to 1.178). The most common adverse events were anemia (53% of alisertib-treated patients v 34% of comparator-treated patients) and neutropenia (47% v 31%, respectively). A lower percentage of patients who received alisertib (9%) compared with the comparator (14%) experienced events that led to study drug discontinuation. Of 26 on-study deaths, five were considered treatment related (alisertib, n = 3 of 11; comparator, n = 2 of 15). Two-year overall survival was 35% for each arm. CONCLUSION In patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL, alisertib was not statistically significantly superior to the comparator arm.
Patients Lost to Follow-Up for Cervical Cancer in the Limbe Regional Hospital
Authors: Tchounzou Robert , Simo Wambo André Gaetan , Njamen Théophile Nana , Ilick Ingrid Ofakem , Neng Humphry Tatah , Dadao François , Sone Albert Mouelle 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE Cervical cancer constitutes a public health problem in Cameroon where it represents 13.8% of cancers in women. We wanted to evaluate compliance with cervical cancer care with a focus on patients who are lost to follow-up from the time that symptoms suggestive of cervical cancer are clinically recognized to treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sociodemographic data, attitude toward diagnosis and treatment, and reason for discontinuing care were recorded and analyzed for a period of 5 years from January 2010 to December 2015. RESULTS One hundred twenty-six patients had symptoms suggestive of cervical cancer, but only 110 (87.30%) could pay for biopsy, 29 (26.36%) of those did not collect their results, 17 (18.7%) denied their results, and 20 (19%) did not benefit from treatment. Only 44 of 110 patients were able to finish their cancer care treatment program. Reasons for discontinuing the cancer care included lack of financial means to pay for it, distance from the care center, and belief in alternative treatments. CONCLUSION This study highlights the magnitude of the difficulties of accessing and receiving cancer care in semiurban areas in Cameroon. Poverty, belief in alternative treatment options, and unequal distribution of care services determined which patients would be lost to follow-up. Redistribution of resources and cancer care providers is mandatory to improve this situation.
Lewy Body Dementias
Authors: Armstrong Melissa J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article describes current diagnostic criteria relating to the diagnosis of Lewy body dementia, highlights diagnostic controversies, and reviews treatment approaches.

RECENT FINDINGS
Clinical diagnostic criteria for both Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies have been recently updated. These criteria result in overlap between individuals diagnosed with Parkinson disease and those with dementia with Lewy bodies. Although clinical features and symptomatic treatment overlap, differences remain in epidemiology and expected progression. The high prevalence of cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease supports regular screening for cognitive changes and counseling patients and families regarding what to expect. Treatment for Lewy body dementia involves avoiding medications that may cause or exacerbate symptoms; prescribing pharmacologic agents to address bothersome cognitive, behavioral, movement, and other nonmotor symptoms; recommending physical exercise and therapy; and providing education, counseling, caregiver support, and palliative care.

SUMMARY
Lewy body dementia includes both dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson disease dementia, overlapping clinicopathologic entities with differences relating to diagnosis and expected progression. Treatment is symptomatic and thus largely overlapping for the two conditions.
Reversible Dementias
Authors: Day Gregory S. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article describes the clinical features that suggest a reversible cause of dementia.

RECENT FINDINGS
Substantial variability exists in the presenting features and clinical course of patients with common neurodegenerative causes of dementia, but the response to available therapies and eventual outcomes are often poor. This realization has influenced the evaluation of patients with dementia, with diagnostic approaches emphasizing routine screening for a short list of potentially modifiable disorders that may exacerbate dementia symptoms or severity but rarely influence long-term outcomes. Although a standard approach to the assessment of dementia is appropriate in the vast majority of cases, neurologists involved in the assessment of patients with dementia must recognize those rare patients with reversible causes of dementia, coordinate additional investigations when required, and ensure expedited access to treatments that may reverse decline and optimize long-term outcomes.

SUMMARY
The potential to improve the outcome of patients with reversible dementias exemplifies the need to recognize these patients in clinical practice. Dedicated efforts to screen for symptoms and signs associated with reversible causes of dementia may improve management and outcomes of these rare patients when encountered in busy clinical practices.
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Graff-Radford Neill R. , Jones David T. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Since it was first described in 1965, normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) has been a controversial subject. New studies have shed light on its epidemiology and pathogenesis and provided objective ways to measure outcome in patients with NPH. Neuroimaging has improved and allows better recognition of both NPH and the presence of overlapping diseases

RECENT FINDINGS
Several recent epidemiologic studies confirm that NPH is a rare disease, but the presence of large ventricles is a common finding with aging. NPH may be multifactorial, including congenital causes, vascular disease, and impaired CSF absorption. MRI features of NPH include enlarged ventricular size and CSF fluid collection outside the ventricles not due to atrophy. The term disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) has been used to describe prognostic MRI features in NPH, including a “tight high convexity” and enlargement of CSF spaces in the sylvian fissure. DESH has been included in the Japanese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of NPH. A new NPH scale has been published that provides an objective framework for evaluating patients with NPH before and after shunt placement. Programmable shunts can noninvasively manage overdrainage complications. Surgical outcome has been improving over time. Recent studies have led to improved recognition of overlapping diseases such as Alzheimer pathology, which co-occurs in about 30% of NPH cases. Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a promising imaging modality for diagnosing NPH and detecting concomitant degenerative disease.

SUMMARY
A systematic approach to patients with possible NPH allows recognition of the subset of patients who will respond to shunt surgery and identification of those with alternative diagnoses.
(Re)emergence of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses with pandemic markers in the 2018/2019 flu season in the USA
Authors: Paessler Slobodan , Veljkovic Veljko 
Published: February 2019

During the 2009 pandemic, the Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that 43 to 89 million cases of swine flu were reported during a 1-year span, with 1799 deaths in 178 countries worldwide. Now, nine years later, A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses, which caused this pandemic, have reemerged and become the dominant subtype for the current 2018/19 flu season in the USA. The in silico analysis of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated in USA in October and November 2018, performed using the electronic biology platform “wEB”, showed that these viruses carry previously identified pandemic markers suggesting their increased pandemic potential. Possible consequences of these findings are discussed.