bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aktuelle Standards in der Diagnostik und Therapie von peripheren T-Zell-Lymphomen
Authors: Hopfinger Georg , Staber Philipp 
Published: October 2019

Was ist neu?
Neue WHO-Klassifikation 2016 für Lymphome und molekulare Marker Es erfolgte gegenüber der Version von 2008 eine genauere Definition einzelner Entitäten, wie z. B. dem anaplastischen großzelligen Lymphom (ALK). Darüber hinaus wird der Terminus des Enteropathie-assoziierten T-Zell-Lymphoms (EATCL, Typ 1) nunmehr für die mit einer Zöliakie assoziierten Form verwendet. Der Einsatz molekularer Marker mittels Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) ermöglicht einerseits eine bessere Differenzialdiagnostik; so ist z. B. das angioimmunoblastische Lymphom (AITL) durch das Vorliegen von TET2-, RHOA-, IDH2- und DNMT3A-Mutationen charakterisiert. Andererseits haben bestimmte Mutationen auch prognostische Bedeutung. Beim ALCL/ALK– ist der Nachweis eines DUSP22 / IRF4-Rearrangements mit einer besseren, der Nachweis von TP63 mit einer schlechteren Prognose assoziiert.
Klinisches Bild und Prognose Neben sog. B-Symptomatik und nodaler Manifestation können auch extranodale Manifestationen wie Hautinfiltrate in bis zu 20 % beobachtet werden. Als Zeichen eines dysregulierten Immunsystems können beim AITL eine polyklonale Hypergammaglobulinämie, Coombs-positive hämolytische Anämie und Immundefizienz auftreten.
Fortschritte in der Therapie Durch Kombination des Immunkonjugats Brentuximab-Vedotin (BV) mit Chemotherapie konnte erstmals ein positiver Effekt auf krankheitsfreies (PFS) und Gesamtüberleben (OS) bei CD30+-PTCL gezeigt werden.
Ausblick Gegenwärtig werden neue Therapieansätze, z. B. mit der demethylierenden Substanz 5-Azacytidin bei AITL und PTCL mit einem T-Follikel-Helper-Type (TFH), geprüft.
Effects of Relative Drop Heights of Drop Jump Biomechanics in Male Volleyball Players
Authors: Peng Hsien-Te , Song Chen-Yi , Wallace Brian J. , Kernozek Thomas W. , Wang Min-Hsien , Wang Yu-Han 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrevious cross-sectional studies have reported that higher drop heights do not always result in improved performance, and may increase injury risk during drop jumps (DJ). The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematics and kinetics during the DJ in order to determine the relative drop height that maximize performance without exposing the lower extremity joints to unnecessary loads. Twenty male Division I college volleyball players volunteered. Data were collected using 11 infrared cameras and two force platforms. Participants performed three maximal effort countermovement jumps (CMJ). Subsequently, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150% CMJ height (CMJH) was used to scale their relative drop height for three DJ trials per height. There was a significant increase in the landing phase impulse when the drop height exceeded 100%CMJH (p<0.05). At 125% and 150%CMJH, the negative work of knee and ankle significantly increased. The incoming velocity, kinetic energy, landing depth, maximum ground reaction force, landing impulse and power absorption of knee and ankle all increased with drop height (p<0.05). DJ height and reactive strength index following the drop landing were not statistically different between any of the drop heights (p>0.05). 50% to 100%CMJH may be the appropriate individual relative drop height for the DJ.
Umfrage: Was hat Sie dazu bewogen, die Gastroenterologie als Fachgebiet auszuwählen?
Authors: Hann Alexander , Lammert Frank , Walter Steffen , Jansen Petra Lynen ,   für die Kommission Lehre und Studium der DGVS,   Kommission Lehre und Studium der DGVS
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die gezielte Förderung des ärztlichen Nachwuchses ist in der Gastroenterologie unerlässlich. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Faktoren zu identifizieren, die Mitglieder der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) dazu bewogen haben, die Gastroenterologie als Fachgebiet auszuwählen.
Methoden Die Umfrage wurde online an alle DGVS-Mitglieder versendet. Es wurden folgende Faktoren beurteilt: frühester Entschlusszeitpunkt für das Fachgebiet Gastroenterologie, bedeutsame Mentoren und Vorbilder, beeinflussende Studieninhalte, die Rolle der Doktorarbeit und weitere Aspekte der Gastroenterologie. Ausgewertet wurden die Ergebnisse aller Teilnehmer mit Subgruppenanalysen in Bezug auf Berufserfahrung (≤ 8, 9–29, ≥ 30 Jahre) und Tätigkeitsort (Universitätsklinikum, kommunales Krankenhaus, gastroenterologische Schwerpunktpraxis).
Ergebnisse Es wurden 1358 Fragebogen ausgefüllt (Rücklaufquote 24,2 %). Befragte mit ≤ 8 Jahren Berufserfahrung haben sich zu 62,5 % bereits im Rahmen des Studiums entschieden, sich als Gastroenterologe/-in zu spezialisieren; bei Befragten mit ≥ 9 Berufserfahrungsjahren waren dies 37,1 % (p < 0,001). Oberärzte/-innen werden mit 40,8 % Nennung als die bedeutsamsten Vorbilder/Mentoren für die Wahl des Fachs genannt. Bei 42,8 % der Teilnehmenden hatte der Doktorvater bzw. die Doktormutter im Falle einer gastroenterologischen Promotion diese Rolle inne. Praktische Übungen wie Sonografie spielten bei 42,2 % der Teilnehmenden eine wesentliche Rolle bei den Studieninhalten. Die interventionelle Medizin in Form der Endoskopie und die Vielfältigkeit des Fachs innerhalb der Inneren Medizin wurden als weitere wichtigste Faktoren eingestuft.
Schlussfolgerungen Der Entschluss, die Gastroenterologie als Spezialgebiet zu wählen, fällt größtenteils bereits im Studium. Oberärzte/-innen spielen als Mentoren eine entscheidende Rolle. Besonders praktische Studieninhalte wie Sonografie, aber auch Endoskopie sind bedeutsame Einflussfaktoren für die Wahl des Fachs.
The tail wagging the dog: positive attitude towards livestock guarding dogs do not mitigate pastoralists’ opinions of wolves or grizzly bears
Authors: Kinka Daniel , Young Julie K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile the re-establishment of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and wolves (Canis lupus) in the American West marks a success for conservation, it has been contentious among pastoralists. Coincidentally, livestock guarding dogs (LGDs;Canis familiaris) have been widely adopted by producers of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in the United States to mitigate livestock depredation by wild carnivores. We surveyed pastoralists to measure how experience with and attitudes towards LGDs related to attitudes towards livestock predators, and found positive responses regarding LGDs and negative responses regarding wolves and grizzly bears. The more respondents agreed that LGDs reduce the need for lethal management (p < 0.01) and prevent the spread of disease (p < 0.05), the more positive their opinion of wolves in the wild. Regarding wolves and livestock, respondents who disagreed with the statements that “LGDs do more harm than good” (p < 0.05) or “reduce the need for lethal management” (p < 0.001), were more likely to express more negative opinions of wolves. While results pertaining to a reduced need for lethal management may suggest LGDs have some ability to increase tolerance for wolves, the causal order of these effects is difficult to discern. A more positive attitude for wolves to begin with may predict more optimistic attitudes about the capacity of LGDs to reduce human–wildlife conflict. We found almost no support for the opinion that LGDs do more harm than good, even though attitudes towards wolves were generally negative. Respondents with up to 10 years’ experience using LGDs had more negative attitudes towards grizzly bears (p < 0.01) and respondents with more than 10 years’ experience using LGDs had the most negative attitudes towards grizzly bears (p < 0.001). Thus, while experience was the greatest predictor of attitudes towards grizzly bears, attitudes towards wolves were most correlated with the belief that LGDs offset the need for lethal management of carnivores. These results suggest that LGD use in the United States does not seem to have resulted in more positive attitudes about livestock predators amongst pastoralists.
Study of spectral and temporal parameters of superradiance on molecular nitrogen ions in air filament
Authors: Zyatikov I.A. , Ivanov N.G. , Losev V.F. , Prokop’ev V.E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report the results of a high temporal resolution study on the formation of superradiance (SR) in plasma on the first negative system of molecular nitrogen ions in plasma of an air filament. The filament is formed by a femtosecond laser pulse with a wavelength of λ = 950 nm. For the first time, the actual SR pulse duration at λ = 428 nm is measured, which constitutes 1.15 ps (FWHM). According to measurements of a spectral width equal to 0.26 nm, this pulse duration is close to transform-limited (1 ps). It is shown that there is a delay by 6 ps in the SR pulse maximum relative to the pump.
Broadband lightweight flat lenses for long-wave infrared imaging
Authors: Meem Monjurul , Banerji Sourangsu , Majumder Apratim , Vasquez Fernando Guevara , Sensale-Rodriguez Berardi , Menon Rajesh 
Published: October 2019

Significance
We demonstrate, with simulations corroborated by experiments, that broadband long-wave infrared (LWIR) imaging is possible with a single flat lens with a thickness of 10 μm and a weight that is over 100 times less than conventional refractive optics. Reducing the weight and thickness of LWIR optics is crucial for increasing the range of camera-carrying drones as well as for reducing head and neck injuries among camera-borne soldiers. The technology discussed herein will be extremely useful not only to optics specialists but also to camera designers and users in general.
Ancient Maya wetland fields revealed under tropical forest canopy from laser scanning and multiproxy evidence
Authors: Beach Timothy , Luzzadder-Beach Sheryl , Krause Samantha , Guderjan Tom , Valdez Fred , Fernandez-Diaz Juan Carlos , Eshleman Sara , Doyle Colin 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceUnderstanding agricultural subsistence is vital for understanding past complex societies. Lidar data are indicating widespread ancient Maya infrastructure. Wetland agriculture was crucial to ancient cultures, but no previous study coupled lidar with multiproxy evidence to demonstrate the extent and uses of Maya wetland fields. We conducted a lidar survey around wetlands that multiple use proxies established were ancient Maya polycultural systems. Lidar indicated the Birds of Paradise (BOP) wetland field complex was five times larger than we had previously mapped and identified an even larger wetland agroecosystem. We ground-verified the BOP fields through excavations and dating, creating a study to couple these multiproxy data with lidar, thereby demonstrating widespread ancient Maya wetland agroecosystems.
Ribosome collisions alter frameshifting at translational reprogramming motifs in bacterial mRNAs
Authors: Smith Angela M. , Costello Michael S. , Kettring Andrew H. , Wingo Robert J. , Moore Sean D. 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceRibosomes move along mRNAs in 3-nucleotide steps as they interpret codons that specify which amino acid is required at each position in the protein. There are multiple examples of genes with DNA sequences that do not match the produced proteins because ribosomes move to a new reading frame in the message before finishing translation (so-called frameshifting). This report shows that, when ribosomes stall at mRNA regions prone to cause frameshifting events, trailing ribosomes that collide with them can significantly change the outcome and potentially regulate protein production. This work highlights the principle that biological macromolecules do not function in isolation, and it provides an example of how physical interactions between neighboring complexes can be used to augment their performance.
The interaction between timing of explicit grammar explanation and individual differences in second language
acquisition
Authors: Kachinske Ilina , DeKeyser Robert 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Despite numerous positive findings of explicit instruction, this topic continues to engage scholars worldwide. One
issue that may be crucial for the effectiveness of explicit instruction is the interaction between cognitive individual
differences (language aptitude and working memory) and types of instruction. In this experiment, 128 learners of Spanish were
randomly assigned to four experimental treatments and completed comprehension-based practice for interpreting object-verb and
ser/estar sentences in Spanish. Results revealed that the various combinations of rules and practice posed differential task
demands on the learners and consequently drew on language aptitude and working memory to a different extent. We argue that not
only are rules and practice both necessary, but that their suitable integration ameliorates task demands, reducing the burden on
the learner, and accordingly mitigates the role of participants’ individual differences, thus making a substantial difference for
the learning of second language grammar.
Influence of the playing surface on changes of direction and plantar pressures during an agility test in youth futsal players
Authors: Serrano Carlos , Sánchez‐Sánchez Javier , López‐Fernández Jorge , Hernando Enrique , Gallardo Leonor 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ability to effect a change of direction (COD) when performing high‐speed actions is essential in team sports like futsal. Nevertheless, the interaction effect of sports surfaces on this ability remains unknown. This research aimed to analyse the plantar pressures and time performance of 15 youth futsal players when performing CODs on two playing surfaces with different mechanical properties. The shock absorption and vertical deformation of one synthetic flooring surface and one wooden flooring surface were assessed. CODs were evaluated using a modified version of the Agility T‐Test, while total time of the test, time of CODs, and plantar pressure in CODs were all recorded. The wooden flooring surface displayed higher values of shock absorption (35.70% ± 2.87%) and vertical deformation (2.77 ± 0.38 mm) compared with the synthetic flooring (p < 0.01). Faster CODs were performed on the wooden flooring than on the synthetic flooring (−0.05 s, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.10 to −0.007, effect size [ES]: 0.07, p < 0.05), but no differences in total test time were found (p > 0.05). Finally, no differences in plantar pressures by playing surface were found. In sum, the differences in the mechanical properties of the two futsal surfaces affected the performance of futsal players in the modified agility test. However, these differences were not great enough to generate different plantar pressures on players, probably due to playerś own adaptations.
Social Media as an Emerging Data Resource for Epidemiologic Research: Characteristics of Regular and Nonregular Social Media Users in Nurses’ Health Study II
Authors: Kim Eric S , James Peter , Zevon Emily S , Trudel-Fitzgerald Claudia , Kubzansky Laura D , Grodstein Francine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
With advances in natural language processing and machine learning, researchers are leveraging social media as a low-cost, low-burden method for measuring various psychosocial factors. However, it is unclear whether information derived from social media is generalizable to broader populations, especially middle-aged and older adults. Using data on women aged 53–70 years from Nurses’ Health Study II (2017–2018; n = 49,045), we assessed differences in sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, behaviors, and psychosocial factors between regular and nonregular users of Facebook (Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California). We evaluated effect sizes with phi (φ) coefficients (categorical data) or Cohen’s d (continuous data) and calculated odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. While most comparisons between regular and nonregular users achieved statistical significance in this large sample, effect sizes were mostly “very small” (conventionally defined as φ or d &lt;0.01) (e.g., optimism score: meanregular users = 19 vs. meannonregular users = 19 (d = −0.03); physical activity: meanregular users = 24 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours/week vs. meannonregular users = 24 MET-hours/week (d = 0.01)). Some factors had slightly larger differences for regular users versus nonregular users (e.g., depression: 28% vs. 23% (φ = 0.05); odds ratio = 1.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.22, 1.33); obesity: 34% vs. 26% (φ = 0.07); odds ratio = 1.42 (95% confidence interval: 1.36, 1.48)). Results suggest that regular Facebook users were similar to nonregular users across sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, with modestly worse health regarding obesity and depressive symptoms. In future research, investigators should evaluate other demographic groups.
Fluoroquinolone Use and Seasonal Patterns of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Community-Acquired Urinary Escherichia coli Infection in a Large Urban Center
Authors: Soucy Jean-Paul R , Schmidt Alexandra M , Quach Caroline , Buckeridge David L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Urinary tract infections caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli are among the most frequently encountered infections and are a common reason for antimicrobial prescriptions. Resistance to fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents, particularly ciprofloxacin, has increased in recent decades. It is intuitive that variation in fluoroquinolone resistance is driven by changes in antimicrobial use, but careful study of this association requires the use of time-series methods. Between April 2010 and December 2014, we studied seasonal variation in resistance to ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin in community-acquired urinary E. coli isolates in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Using dynamic linear models, we investigated whether seasonal variation in resistance could be explained by seasonal variation in community antimicrobial use. We found a positive association between total fluoroquinolone use lagged by 1 and 2 months and the proportion of isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin. Our results suggest that resistance to ciprofloxacin is responsive to short-term variation in antimicrobial use. Thus, antimicrobial stewardship campaigns to reduce fluoroquinolone use, particularly in the winter when use is highest, are likely to be a valuable tool in the struggle against antimicrobial resistance.
Two-Day ABPM-Derived Indices and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Viazzi Francesca , Cappadona Francesca , Leoncini Giovanna , Ratto Elena , Gonnella Annalisa , Bonino Barbara , Verzola Daniela , Garibotto Giacomo , Pontremoli Roberto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness are known cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study examines the prognostic significance of 44-hour BP circadian rhythm and ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) in this population.

METHODS
A total of 80 HD patients underwent 44-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) with a TM-2430 monitor during a standard midweek interdialytic interval and followed up for 4.5 ± 1.7 years. The end point was all-cause mortality.

RESULTS
About 76% of participants were hypertensive (40% uncontrolled), 62% were nondippers, and 23% risers during the first interdialytic day, whereas 73% and 44% in the second day, respectively. During follow-up, 31 patients (40%) died. These showed higher pulse pressure (PP) and AASI44 and AASI of the second interdialytic period. The incidence of all-cause mortality was higher in HD patients with AASI44 &gt; median, i.e. &gt;0.54 (interquartile range = 14) (54% vs. 28%, χ 2 = 5.3, P = 0.021) when compared with those with lower AASI44. Second, but not first-day ABPM-derived parameters, namely nondipping (log-rank χ 2 = 6.10, P = 0.0134) or reverse dipping status (log-rank χ 2 = 5.32, P = 0.210) and arterial stiffness index (log-rank χ 2 = 6.61, P = 0.0101) were significantly related to greater mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate a strong relationship between arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk and support a wider use of 44-hour ABPM recording for risk stratification in HD patients.
Genetic monogamy despite frequent extrapair copulations in “strictly monogamous” wild jackdaws
Authors: Gill Lisa F , van Schaik Jaap , von Bayern Auguste M P , Gahr Manfred L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract“Monogamy” refers to different components of pair exclusiveness: the social pair, sexual partners, and the genetic outcome of sexual encounters. Avian monogamy is usually defined socially or genetically, whereas quantifications of sexual behavior remain scarce. Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) are considered a rare example of strict monogamy in songbirds, with lifelong pair bonds and little genetic evidence for extrapair (EP) offspring. Yet jackdaw copulations, although accompanied by loud copulation calls, are rarely observed because they occur visually concealed inside nest cavities. Using full-day nest-box video surveillance and on-bird acoustic bio-logging, we directly observed jackdaw sexual behavior and compared it to the corresponding genetic outcome obtained via molecular parentage analysis. In the video-observed nests, we found genetic monogamy but frequently detected forced EP sexual behavior, accompanied by characteristic male copulation calls. We, thus, challenge the long-held notion of strict jackdaw monogamy at the sexual level. Our data suggest that male mate guarding and frequent intrapair copulations during the female fertile phase, as well as the forced nature of the copulations, could explain the absence of EP offspring. Because EP copulation behavior appeared to be costly for both sexes, we suggest that immediate fitness benefits are an unlikely explanation for its prevalence. Instead, sexual conflict and dominance effects could interact to shape the spatiotemporal pattern of EP sexual behavior in this species. Our results call for larger-scale investigations of jackdaw sexual behavior and parentage and highlight the importance of combining social, sexual, and genetic data sets for a more complete understanding of mating systems.
Microhabitat complexity influences fear acquisition in fathead minnows
Authors: Crane Adam L , Ferrari Maud C O , Rivera-Hernández Ita A E , Brown Grant E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Habitat varies in structure, with animals often preferring a certain degree of microhabitat complexity that facilitates fitness-related activities such as predator avoidance. Environments with high predation risk can induce elevated baseline fear and neophobia in prey, but whether microhabitat complexity influences the acquisition of neophobia has yet to be reported. Here, we tested whether exposure to predation risk induces different levels of fear in microhabitats that differed in complexity. We exposed fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, to predation risk repeatedly (12 times over 4 days) in the form of damage-released chemical alarm cues (compared to water control) in tanks with vertical plant structure distributed either throughout the tank (complex habitat) or clumped together (simple habitat). Then, we tested minnows before and after exposure to a novel odor in tanks with either the same microhabitat complexity (i.e., familiar habitats) or in tanks with novel habitat that had different substrate structure and no vertical structure. Minnows in the complex habitat showed less overall movement one day after the background risk period, whereas individuals in the simple habitat showed reduced movement regardless of prior risk exposure. We observed stronger effects in the novel habitat, where background risk in both simple and complex habitats caused neophobia. However, individuals from the simple background habitat showed higher baseline fear behaviors. Hence, for minnows, low microhabitat complexity appears to lead to elevated fear, which remains even after a habitat change.