bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Athletic identity and self‐esteem among active and retired Paralympic athletes
Authors: Marin‐Urquiza Adriana , Ferreira José Pedro , Van Biesen Debbie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAthletic identity (AI) has been suggested as a variable that can have an impact on the psychological health of the athletes upon retirement. The aim of this study was to provide more insight on the transition out of elite sport by assessing and comparing the extent of AI and self‐esteem in an active group (AG) and a retired group (RG) of Paralympic athletes. Perceived stress and depressive symptoms were additionally assessed in the AG and RG, respectively. A non‐probability sampling method was used to recruit active and retired Paralympic athletes (AG, n = 43; RG, n = 41, where 35 retired voluntarily and 6 retired involuntarily) with visual or physical impairments, from Dutch‐, English‐, Portuguese‐ and Spanish‐speaking countries. Participants completed an electronic survey with questionnaires to assess the study variables mentioned above. Descriptive analysis, comparisons (Mann–Whitney U test and t‐test) and Spearman's correlation coefficient were performed for the statistical analysis. Scores of AI were significantly lower in the RG (44.6 ± 9.6) compared to the AG (49.4 ± 8.9); t(82) = 2.36, p = .021, d = 0.51. No differences in self‐esteem were found between RG and AG; however, within the RG, athletes who involuntarily retired (21 ± 7.1) had significantly lower self‐esteem scores than those who retired voluntarily (25.2 ± 4.2); t(39) = 2.04, p = .049, d = 0.73. In conclusion, free choice upon retirement can positively influence the athletes’ self‐esteem, whereas a strong AI may negatively influence the retirement process, as it was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (ρ = .409, p = .008). These findings can have practical implications for sport psychologists to better support their athletes.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K9 of the absorbed dose to water standards of the PTB, Germany and the BIPM in medium-energy x-rays
Authors: Burns D T , Kessler C , Büermann L , Ketelhut S 
Published: April 2018

A key comparison has been made between the absorbed dose to water standards of the PTB, Germany and the BIPM in the medium-energy x-ray range. The results show the standards to be in general agreement at the level of the standard uncertainty of the comparison of 9 to 11 parts in 103. The results are combined with those of a EURAMET comparison and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Earnings and Disposable Income of Farmers in Sweden, 1997–2012
Authors: Nordin Martin , Höjgård Sören 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of farmers’ income in Sweden. The results indicate that farm households in Sweden do well from a standard‐of‐living perspective, but that farming is still a low‐paid occupation from a return‐on‐skills perspective. Nevertheless, farm earnings increased faster over the study period than earnings in the general population, owing equally to higher farm earnings for operators and higher off‐farm earnings for their spouse. Since few female spouses make farm earnings, evaluating farm household earnings from mainly a household perspective fails to acknowledge the individual careers of farmer and spouse.
Ethanol Plant Location and Land Use: A Case Study of CRP and the Ethanol Mandate
Authors: Ifft Jennifer , Rajagopal Deepak , Weldzuis Ryan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study uses a county‐level difference‐in‐difference framework to estimate the share of re‐enrollment into the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in response to local ethanol production capacity after the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS). Relatively more land remained in CRP in ethanol‐intensive areas after the RFS. This seemingly counter‐intuitive result can be explained by post‐RFS changes to the CRP that favored ethanol‐intensive areas. Both CRP design changes and production trends correlated with ethanol plant location pose challenges for empirical strategies that use ethanol plant location to study production or land use decisions. Changes to CRP policies can play an important role in participation and land use decisions.
Financial Capability and Food Security in Extremely Vulnerable Households
Authors: Millimet Daniel L , McDonough Ian K , Fomby Thomas B 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFood insecurity is among the most significant, nutrition‐related public health issues facing the United States. Unfortunately, little is known about the determinants of food insecurity except that it is not synonymous with poverty. Many households above the poverty line are food insecure; many below are not. We investigate a lack of financial capability as a potential salient determinant of household‐level food security. Using original survey data collected among food pantry clients in North Texas, we assess the impact of financial capacity on food security relying on family background as an exclusion restriction. Our results indicate a strikingly significant effect, both economically and statistically, of financial capability in general and financial behaviors in particular.
Agricultural Market Liberalization and Household Food Security in Rural China
Authors: Baylis Kathy , Fan Linlin , Nogueira Lia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the 1990s, prior to its accession to the World Trade Organization, China dramatically reduced market distortions in agriculture. We use a panel of 6,770 rural households from 1989 to 2000 to ask whether agricultural market liberalization affected rural household food security as measured by the share of calories from non‐staples. Given that not all households may be able to take advantage of new market opportunities, we focus on the distributional effect of market liberalization. Unlike most previous research on the effects of liberalization, we consider the effects of liberalization on both farm and off‐farm income. We find that liberalization primarily improves household food security by increasing off‐farm income, and the effects vary greatly by initial food security status and producer types. While many households benefit from liberalization, some food‐insecure households producing import‐competing products have lower food security as a result of agricultural market liberalization.
SigMat: a classification scheme for gene signature matching
Authors: Xiao Jinfeng , Blatti Charles , Sinha Saurabh 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Several large-scale efforts have been made to collect gene expression signatures from a variety of biological conditions, such as response of cell lines to treatment with drugs, or tumor samples with different characteristics. These gene signature collections are utilized through bioinformatics tools for ‘signature matching’, whereby a researcher studying an expression profile can identify previously cataloged biological conditions most related to their profile. Signature matching tools typically retrieve from the collection the signature that has highest similarity to the user-provided profile. Alternatively, classification models may be applied where each biological condition in the signature collection is a class label; however, such models are trained on the collection of available signatures and may not generalize to the novel cellular context or cell line of the researcher’s expression profile.

Results
We present an advanced multi-way classification algorithm for signature matching, called SigMat, that is trained on a large signature collection from a well-studied cellular context, but can also classify signatures from other cell types by relying on an additional, small collection of signatures representing the target cell type. It uses these ‘tuning data’ to learn two additional parameters that help adapt its predictions for other cellular contexts. SigMat outperforms other similarity scores and classification methods in identifying the correct label of a query expression profile from as many as 244 or 500 candidate classes (drug treatments) cataloged by the LINCS L1000 project. SigMat retains its high accuracy in cross-cell line applications even when the amount of tuning data is severely limited.

Availability and implementation
SigMat is available on GitHub at https://github.com/JinfengXiao/SigMat.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Pharmacology of Opioids
Authors: Cavacuiti Christopher 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the attributes of and component medications within the class of opioids, emphasizing kinetics, dynamics, and therapeutic and adverse effects. To help patients make informed decisions about opioid use, the clinicians prescribing these medications must be able to explain when opioids are likely to help and when they are likely to do harm. Subclasses of opioids include phenanthrenes, benzomorphans, phenylpiperidines, and diphenylheptanes; examples are given of each, with respective utilities and limitations. A discussion then follows of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, opioid receptor affinity, metabolism, and drug interactions. Tables and figures amplifying the text include: opioid class by synthetic method (Table 8.1); common physiological effects by opioid receptor subtypes (Table 8.2); opioid activity (Table 8.3); and a listing of figures and tables located in Appendix B (opioid receptor affinity, respiratory depression with opioids, adverse effects, metabolism, pharmacogenetics, extended release/long-acting opioids, abuse deterrent formulations). A text box provides supplemental resources.
Understanding and Preventing Opioid Misuse and Abuse
Authors: DuPont Robert L. , Parran Theodore V. , Wilford Bonnie B. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This chapter describes the dynamics of opioid misuse and abuse, and of opioid use disorder, as a basis for choosing risk mitigation strategies. Its opening words capture the dichotomy confronting the physician, describing opioids’ virtues and simultaneous risks. Factors contributing to the misuse and compulsive use of opioids preface a review of the best practices in prevention: prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), consultation and collateral source interrogation, lost prescription replacement policies, and development of and mutual adherence to formal monitoring plans. The chapter is directed to all physicians in clinical practice. Included is a table describing appropriate and inappropriate opioid use, with clinical examples. A second table distinguishes medical from nonmedical uses of opioids according to intent, effect, pattern, control, and legality. A final table distinguishes between the physician’s and the patient’s responsibilities.
Diagnosing Patients and Initiating Treatment
Authors: Parran Theodore V. , Hopper John A. , Wilford Bonnie B. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Chapter 11 provides an organized approach to diagnosis and to the initial treatment plan, focusing on substance use disorders. The elements of pharmacological and behavioral approaches to treatment, including the management of withdrawal, are addressed separately (Sections III and IV). It begins with directions on initiation of the patient relationship, with the object of eliciting cooperation. The sources of information that should be interrogated are listed, including the history, screening tools, physical examination, laboratory studies, and collateral information (e.g., the prescription drug monitoring program or PDMP). A discussion of diagnosis includes the principles underlying the ICD-10 and the DSM-5. The process of enlisting the patient in a treatment agreement and in the formulation of a collaborative treatment plan is described; the practical elements of patient education in medication accountability and dosing are included. The chapter concludes with a treatment planning checklist to facilitate orderly transition to the treatment itself.
Opioid Pharmacotherapies for Chronic Pain
Authors: Pham Thien C. , Kominek Courtney , Brooks Abigail , Fudin Jeffrey 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Chronic pain management employing opioids is divided into subtopics, including: risk–benefit balance; a review of the mode of action of opioid analgesics (Chap. 8); the suitability of synthetic opioids for neuropathic pain; endocrinopathy proceeding from opioid use; the use of the morphine-equivalent daily dose as a conversion tool for managing multiple opioids; the place of extended-release and long-acting opioids; current technology in abuse deterrence; and an overview of the challenges entailed in prescribing. This last section details the complex components of a decision to prescribe opioids for chronic pain. A table is provided of the classification of common opioid analgesics and their duration of activity. A text box gives the table of contents of Appendix B, supportive tables and figures therein for this chapter; there is also a text box listing additional resources.
Preventing Avoidable Work Disability
Authors: Cloeren Marianne , Colameco Stephen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Addiction professionals often are called upon to provide opinions or coordinate the treatment of substance abuse, dependence, or addiction in patients who are enmeshed in complicated benefits or compensation systems, including workers’ compensation. Recovery is often compromised by system hurdles, such as insurer resistance to addiction treatment, and secondary gain issues, such as attorney advice for maximal benefit based on profound disability. Disability beliefs and other potentially modifiable risk factors for unnecessary work disability are also common in patients with chronic pain and addiction. These risk factors include fear/avoidance, pain catastrophization, perceived injustice, childhood trauma, and psychiatric illness. Excessive and inappropriate medical care, often including unnecessary procedures and medication, contributes to disability beliefs, which are usually entrenched by the time a patient presents to an addiction professional. This chapter provides information about recognizing disability risk factors, assessing work capacity, and developing treatment strategies that promote optimal return to function.
Revising the Treatment Plan and/or Ending Addiction Treatment
Authors: Hopper John A. , Parran Theodore V. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Where Chapter 18 discusses revision of the treatment plan and ending of pain treatment, Chapter 23 focuses on the conclusion of addiction treatment. It closes the loop to Chapter 11, Initiating Treatment and Monitoring Patient Progress. The authors describe the conditions which will oblige a revision of the treatment plan; such as alterations in prescription medications with cross-metabolism, pregnancy or menopause, liver disease, or aging. There are also behavioral conditions that will oblige plan modification, whether dysfunctional or hostile behaviors or other psychiatric instability. Consequently, a significant portion of the chapter is dedicated to the identification of relapse, its psychodynamic and developmental meanings, and the appropriate interventions for it. Voluntary and involuntary terminations and the therapeutic steps taken with both are discussed as logical continuations of any treatment plan.
Pain and Addiction in Military Personnel and Veterans
Authors: Robeck Ilene R. , Hunt Stephen C. , Burgo-Black Lucile , McKelvey Jeremiah , Siddiqui Afreen , Mariano Anthony J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Veterans of military service pose a special case both in their susceptibility to addiction and their risk for a co-occurring disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder. The elements of a military history are provided; this is not intuitive, and is salient both for determining entitlement status and to assess the cumulative injury. Numerous pain syndromes can occur as the result of both long-term wear and tear and abrupt injury, requiring consideration for disability compensation. PTSD and traumatic brain injury are more common here than perhaps among any other occupational group. Unique risks and concerns accompany the experience of warfare in different theaters; special sections are devoted to Iraq and Afghanistan; the first and second Gulf wars; and to Vietnam. Women constitute a newly enfranchised military group as subject to injury as their male cohorts. Several pain care innovations have been championed by the Veterans Administration, and these are described.
Model-independent curvature determination with 21 cm intensity mapping experiments
Authors: Witzemann Amadeus , Bull Philip , Clarkson Chris , Santos Mario G , Spinelli Marta , Weltman Amanda 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Measurements of the spatial curvature of the Universe have improved significantly in recent years, but still tend to require strong assumptions to be made about the equation of state of dark energy (DE) in order to reach sub-percent precision. When these assumptions are relaxed, strong degeneracies arise that make it hard to disentangle DE and curvature, degrading the constraints. We show that forthcoming 21 cm intensity mapping experiments such as Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis eXperiment (HIRAX) are ideally designed to carry out model-independent curvature measurements, as they can measure the clustering signal at high redshift with sufficient precision to break many of the degeneracies. We consider two different model-independent methods, based on ‘avoiding’ the DE-dominated regime and non-parametric modelling of the DE equation of state, respectively. Our forecasts show that HIRAX will be able to improve upon current model-independent constraints by around an order of magnitude, reaching percent-level accuracy even when an arbitrary DE equation of state is assumed. In the same model-independent analysis, the sample variance limit for a similar survey is another order of magnitude better.
Repair of Temporal Bone Defects via the Middle Cranial Fossa Approach: Treatment of 2 Pathologies With 1 Operation
Authors: Eddelman Daniel B , Munich Stephan , Kochanski Ryan B , Eggerstedt Michael , Kazan Robert P , Moftakhar Roham , Munoz Lorenzo , Byrne Rich W , Wiet R Mark 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Temporal bone dehiscence (TBD) often results in leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or encephalocele. TBD can also occur over the superior semicircular canal, causing debilitating vertigo. Both can be repaired surgically, but traditional treatment is focused only on one pathology, not both.

OBJECTIVE
To report our experience in the treatment of TBD via the middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach.

METHODS
A retrospective review was conducted for all patients who underwent MCF approach for surgical repair of any temporal fossa dehiscence.

RESULTS
A total of 34 patients underwent a total of 37 surgeries. Obesity was prevalent; 21 patients (61.8%) were obese (BMI [body mass index] > 30 kg/m2), and 7 (20.6%) were overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2). The most common presenting symptom was hearing disturbance (70.3%), followed by otorrhea (51.4%). Empty sella was noted on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in 15 patients (45.5%). Eight of the 34 patients (23.5%) were found to have superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD). Hearing improved with surgical intervention in 25 of 26 patients with hearing loss as a presenting symptom (96%). CSF resolved in 18 of 19 cases (95%). Seventy-three percent of patients reported at least minimal improvement in vertigo.

CONCLUSION
TBD may present with symptoms of CSF leak/encephalocele, but may also present with superior SCD. We recommend consistent review of the temporal bone imaging to check for superior SCD, and repair of the SCD first to prevent complications involving the labyrinth and cochlea. MCF approach using a multilayer repair without a lumbar drain is highly effective with minimal risk of complications.
Implications of vitamin D toxicity & deficiency
Authors: Waterbury Susan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:
Vitamin D deficiency is an increasing problem affecting all ages. Patients should be assessed for risk factors as part of preventive health maintenance. Vitamin D toxicity is a rare occurrence caused by oversupplementation and errors in food fortification. The connection between vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis, is well established. However, a cause and effect relationship has yet to be established between vitamin D deficiency and many chronic illnesses. An evidence-based approach is treating patients for an underlying vitamin D deficiency in hopes of improving many chronic illnesses.
MRI in spondyloarthritis: when and how?
Authors: Kröber Georg , Weber Ulrich 
Published: April 2018

Purpose of review
To summarize recent advances and challenges of using MRI toward early recognition of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Recent findings
Low-grade bone marrow edema (BME) on sacroiliac joint (SIJ) MRI is nonspecific and may be misleading in recognition of axial SpA. Structural features on SIJ MRI along with BME may not only facilitate recognition of early disease, but also enhance specificity. Structural lesions on MRI and low-dose computed tomography are highly concordant, adding to criterion validity of SIJ MRI. There is accumulating evidence that SIJ MRI due to superior reliability of structural lesions may supplant the traditional imaging approach by pelvic radiographs in healthcare settings in which MRI is readily available. Pilot initiatives exploring the bone remodeling cascade in SIJs showed early reparative response upon biological treatment. Methodological challenges regarding evaluation and data processing of imaging examinations need to be addressed to enhance reproducibility and specificity of imaging in SpA.

Summary
Evaluation of SIJ MRI is contextual incorporating structural lesions and BME. MRI is but one element in pattern recognition toward diagnosis. An unmet need is dissemination of advances in imaging in SpA to the broad community of rheumatologists and radiologists.
The Effect of Hip Positioning on the Projected Femoral Neck–Shaft Angle: A Modeling Study
Authors: Bhashyam Abhiram R. , Rodriguez Edward K. , Appleton Paul , Wixted John J. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives:
To determine and test mathematical models of the relationship between hip flexion–extension, femoral rotation, and NSA. We hypothesized that hip flexion–extension and femoral rotation would result in NSA measurement error.

Methods:
Two mathematical models were developed to predict NSA in varying degrees of hip flexion–extension and femoral rotation. The predictions of the equations were tested in vitro using a model that varied hip flexion–extension while keeping rotation constant, and vice versa. The NSA was measured from an anterior–posterior radiograph obtained with a C-arm. Attributable measurement error based on hip positioning was calculated from the models.

Results:
The predictions of the model correlated well with the experimental data (correlation coefficient = 0.82–0.90). A wide range of patient positioning was found to result in <5–10 degrees error in the measurement of NSA. Hip flexion–extension and femoral rotation had a synergistic effect in measurement error of the NSA. Measurement error was minimized when hip flexion–extension was within 10 degrees of neutral.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that hip flexion–extension and femoral rotation significantly affect the measurement of the NSA. To avoid inadvertently fixing the proximal femur in varus or valgus, the hip should be positioned within 10 degrees of neutral flexion–extension with respect to the C-arm to minimize positional measurement error.