bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the clinical outcomes of two physiological ischemic training methods in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Chen Weihai , Ni Jun , Qiao Zhenguo , Wu Yanming , Lu Lijuan , Zheng Ju , Chen Rongrong , Lu Xiao 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to verify the effectiveness of physiological ischemic training (PIT) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and compare differences in clinical outcomes between isometric exercise training (IET) and cuff inflation training (CIT).
Fifty-five CHD patients were randomized into three groups: IET group (n=19), CIT group (n=18), and no-exercise group (n=18). PIT was practiced in the IET and CIT groups. Changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded. The cardiac structure and function were evaluated and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) measured.
SBP and DBP decreased significantly in both PIT groups after 3-month training (P<0.01). Cardiac function and structure were significantly improved in both PIT groups after 3-month training (P<0.01). Cardiac structure and function in the IET group were both superior to those in the CIT group by the end of training (P<0.01). The VEGF level in both PIT groups increased significantly after 3-month training (P<0.01).
PIT was safe and feasible when performed in CHD patients. An appropriate period of PIT helped improve blood pressure and the cardiac structure and function, with the outcome more positive in the IET group.
The Protection of Human Rights in Transitional Tunisia
Authors: Saral Melek 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article looks at the human rights protection in transitional post-uprising Tunisia, from 2011 to 2017, offering insights into the willingness to both protect human rights and build capacity in Tunisia. It focuses on the establishment of an adequate legal framework in Tunisia, with particular attention being paid to the constitution-making process and, on the establishment, the strengthening of certain institutional capacities, such as the constitutional court and the Truth and Dignity Commission. The article first gives a brief historical overview of the human rights situation in Tunisia. This is followed by an analysis of the willingness and capacity to protect human rights in post-uprising transitional Tunisia, in both the 2011–2014 and 2014–2017 periods.This article is based on evidence from a series of semi-structured interviews I conducted with the key political actors from various political parties, and actors from NGOs working on human rights, during field research in Tunisia in October-November 2017, supplemented by secondary literature.
The crystal structure of poly[(μ5-2,5-dicarboxy-benzoato-κ4
O:O:O′:O′′,O′′′)silver(I)], C9H5AgO6
Authors: Tong Ling , Tian Dong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
C9H5AgO6, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 3.7933(5) Å, b = 7.6762(11) Å, c = 15.534(2) Å, α = 79.109(2)°, β = 89.864(2)°, γ = 78.122(2)°, V = 434.35(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0302, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0650, T = 296(2) K.
Old and New Names. Afropolitanism, Failed-State Fiction and World Literature
Authors: Mari Lorenzo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince its establishment more than a decade ago, the cultural and political debate on Afropolitanism has been characterized by several different positions. In particular, the Afropolitan opposition to any kind of essentialism (Eze 2014) has been counterweighed by the necessity of a connection to “knowable African communities, nations and traditions” (Gikandi 2011, 9). This debate has been reproducing a typical oscillation of postcolonial theory and criticism between the celebration of hybridity (Bhabha 1994) and the interpretation of postcolonial texts as “national allegories” (Jameson 1986). At the same time, Afropolitanism appears to be related to a more recent phenomenon, which has been defined as “national failure” in political analysis (Zartman 1995; Rotberg 2004) and “failed-state fiction” in literary criticism (Marx 2008). The latter sheds a different light on Afropolitanism, by showing its advantages and its limits both on a national and transnational level. In view of this, Afropolitan literature – including the paradigmatic works by Helon Habila (2002, 2007, 2010) and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2006, 2013) here analyzed – appears to be based on the persistence of “old names,” or categories, in an uneven but fruitful coexistence with the “new” ones (Eze 2016).
Combining nanoparticles grown by ALD and MOFs for gas separation and catalysis applications
Authors: Weber Matthieu , Bechelany Mikhael 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Supported metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are essential for many important chemical processes. In order to implement precisely tuned NPs in miniaturized devices by compatible processes, novel nanoengineering routes must be explored. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a scalable vapor phase technology typically used for the deposition of thin films, represents a promising new route for the synthesis of supported metallic NPs. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new exciting class of crystalline porous materials that have attracted much attention in the recent years. Since the size of their pores can be precisely adjusted, these nanomaterials permit highly selective separation and catalytic processes. The combination of NPs and MOF is an emerging area opening numbers of applications, which still faces considerable challenges, and new routes need to be explored for the synthesis of these NPs/MOF nanocomposites. The aim of this paper is double: first, it aims to briefly present the ALD route and its use for the synthesis of metallic NPs. Second, the combination of ALD-grown NPs and MOFs has been explored for the synthesis of Pd NPs/MOF ZIF-8, and several selected examples were ALD-grown NPs and MOFs have been combined and applied gas separation and catalysis will be presented.
Integrating Realist and Neoliberal Theories of War
Authors: Geller Daniel S. , Travlos Konstantinos 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe requirements for global security and international stability vary according to the perspective brought to bear on the subject. Indeed, the structural realist and neoliberal paradigms present markedly different views on the sources of war and prescriptions for peace. Structural realism focuses on system-level capability distributions, alliances, and dyadic power balances as factors associated with the onset of war. Neoliberalism emphasizes the importance of international institutions, democracy, and economic interdependence in maintaining global security. This study develops an integrated model of war and peace based on system-level factors drawn from both paradigms and utilizes a new database reflecting the level of major power policy coordination. The findings for the period of 1816–2007 indicate that interaction effects of these realist and neoliberal variables complement their relationships with global patterns of interstate conflict. The basic conclusion to be drawn is that both concentrated power and managerial cooperation at the apex of the international system are required to produce a more peaceful world.
Implementation of partial slip boundary conditions in an open-source finite-volume-based computational library
Authors: Fernandes Célio , Ferrás Luís Lima , Habla Florian , Carneiro Olga Sousa , Nóbrega João Miguel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper reports the implementation of slip boundary conditions in the open-source computational library OpenFOAM. The linear and nonlinear Navier slip laws, which are newly implemented in this paper, can be used both for Newtonian and viscoelastic constitutive models. For the former case, the Couette flow assumption near the wall is employed, and for the latter, the cell-centered extra-stress tensor components are linearly extrapolated to the wall. The validation is performed by comparing the numerical results obtained for Newtonian and simplified Phan-Thien-Tanner constitutive model fluids in Couette and Poiseuille flows, with existing analytical solutions. The results obtained using different slip factors were shown to be in agreement with the analytical solutions, even for the most extreme cases where the slip factor is high enough to induce a plug flow pattern for the velocity field. The newly implemented boundary conditions are also used to study the influence of slip in polymer processing, namely in the production of an extruded profile. The results obtained show that the developed slip boundary conditions are able to deal with complex geometrical problems, and are an important tool to support the search of a balanced flow distribution in the design of profile extrusion dies.
Effect of temperature on the impact behavior of PVC/ASA binary blends with various ASA terpolymer contents
Authors: Zhang Xueqiang , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic (ASA) terpolymer has a typical core-shell structure with poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) as the soft core and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymer as the hard shell. The impact behavior of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/ASA binary blends with various ASA terpolymer contents was systematically investigated at three different temperatures (23°C, 0°C, and –30°C). With the addition of 30 phr ASA terpolymer, the impact strength of the blends increased by almost 45 times at 23°C and 29 times at 0°C compared with the neat PVC, respectively. Herein, ASA terpolymer particles were related to each other to form a percolation group and the stress field around the ASA particles was connected with each other, thereby more effectively served as the stress concentrators, exhibiting the highest toughening efficiency. In addition, the significantly improved toughness could also be attributed to the special core-shell structure of ASA terpolymer, as well as, a good miscibility between the PVC matrix and the SAN shell of the ASA terpolymer. However, the decreasing temperature limited the flexibility of the PBA chain, resulting in the insignificant role of ASA terpolymer in toughening PVC at –30°C. Moreover, the improvement in the toughness of the blends did not sacrifice its heat distortion temperature.
Development of a novel 68Ga-dextran carboxylate derivative for blood pool imaging
Authors: Gholipour Nazila , Akhlaghi Mehdi , Mokhtari Kheirabadi Amin , Fasihi Ramandi Mahdi , Farashahi Ali , Beiki Davood , Jalilian Amir R. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
To develop a possible PET blood pool imaging agent, a series 68Ga-dextran carboxylate derivatives were prepared. Dextran carboxylates with different degree of oxidations (DO) were prepared through stepwise dextran oxidation using NaIO4 and CH3COOOH. The products were characterized by FT-IR and GPC, followed by solubility and toxicity tests on Hella cells (viability=98.6, 97.4 and 95.6% for 3 dextran carboxylates with DOs: 8.3, 24.6 and 39.8%, respectively. The products were labeled with 68Ga (radiochemical purity>98%; ITLC) followed by stability tests in final solution as well as in presence of cycteine and human serum. Two stable tracers (DOs; 24.6 and 39.8%) were adminstered intravenously into wild type rat tail vein separately demonstrating suitable retention in circulation as expected from blood pool imaging agents. Liver and spleen also contained activities. The major excretion was through urinary pathway esp. for derivative with DO. 39.8%. Unlike 68Ga-dextran, lungs showed lower uptake. The dextran carboxylate with the highest 39.8% showed the best characteristics for a blood pool agent, though more studies including PET imaging in larger mammals are required.
Ambient air pollution exposure and lung function assessment of filling station attendants in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Oni Toluwanimi Mobolade , Ana Godson R.E.E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is an increasing range of adverse health effects associated with air pollution at very low concentrations. Few studies have assessed respiratory parameters among filling station attendants.ObjectivesThis study assessed air pollutants; particulate matter (PM10) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) concentrations at filling stations as well as determined forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) levels among filling station attendants.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to assess PM10and TVOC concentrations at 20 systematically selected filling stations in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan for 2 months using a Thermo Scientific pDR 1500 PM10monitor and SF2000-TVOC meter. FEV1and PEFR levels were measured in order to assess the effect of exposure to PM10and TVOC on lung function of 100 filling station attendants using a PIKO-1 Electronic peakflow/FEV1meter.ResultsTotal mean PM10concentrations (μg/m3) in the morning (43.7±16.5) and afternoon (27.8±7.9) were significantly lower (p<0.01) than the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline limit (50 μg/m3). Total mean TVOC concentrations (ppm) in the morning (12.0±3.4) and afternoon (5.6±2.4) were however significantly higher (p<0.01) than the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guideline limit (3 ppm). Mean FEV1for filling station attendants was 1.63±0.39 and PEFR was 171.7±45.9.ConclusionFilling stations are hotspots for the emission of VOCs and PM10. However, filling station attendants in this study are at risk of exposure to high concentrations of VOCs but not PM10. FEV1and PEFR values among filling station attendants were very low which could possibly be attributed to extended exposure to air pollutants. Regular medical examinations should also be conducted on filling station attendants in order to aid early detection of deviations in their health status.
Expressions of habituality in Polish
Authors: Sawicki Lea 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, I discuss the strategies employed in Polish for expressing habituality in various contexts. It is also for Polish that I define habituality as a summarized presentation of similar events in the ‘actual world’ (or the ‘narrated world’) which occur over a relatively long stretch of time, on several separate occasions, with the number of occurrences not specified explicitly and with a clear interval between the occasions. Thus defined, habituality may be denoted in Polish by imperfective verb forms, specialized derived imperfective verb forms, periphrasis with the verbzwyknąć‘to be in a habit of’, and reflexive habitual forms.
Mg[(UO2)2(Ge2O6(OH)2]·(H2O)4.4, a novel compound with mixed germanium coordination: cation disordering and topological features of β-U3O8 type sheets
Authors: Dal Bo Fabrice , Aksenov Sergey M. , Burns Peter C. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A novel hydrated magnesium uranyl germanate, Mg[(UO2)2(Ge2O6(OH)2)]·(H2O)4.4, has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions at 200 °C. The orthorhombic unit-cell parameters are a=10.829(6), b=7.625(4), c=16.888(10) Å, V=1394.5(1) Å3, space group Cmcm, Z=4. The crystal structure is based on β-U3O8-type sheets of corner- and edge-sharing U6+O7 pentagonal bipyramids. The GeO3(OH) tetrahedra and GeO4(OH) trigonal bipyramids are linked to form [Ge2φ8] diortho groups that fill the hexagonal-shaped windows within the sheets. The uranyl germanate layers are connected through Mgφ6 octahedra. The disorder of the [Ge2φ8] diortho groups leads to different local structure types with layered- and framework-like characters. A review of the crystal structures of uranyl minerals and actinide-bearing synthetic compounds based on β-U3O8 topological-type sheets is provided. Structural complexity parameters (I
G,total=176.19 bits/unit cell) indicate that the title compound is one of the simplest actinyl compounds among this family.
Physico-Chemical Insights into Gas-Phase and Oxide-Supported Sub-Nanometre AuCu Clusters
Authors: Hussein Heider A. , Gao Mansi , Hou Yiyun , Horswell Sarah L. , Johnston Roy L. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Catalysis by AuCu nanoclusters is a promising scientific field. However, our fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms of mixing in AuCu clusters at the sub-nanometre scale and their physico-chemical properties in both the gas-phase and on oxide supports is limited. We have identified the global minima of gas-phase and MgO(100)-supported AuCu clusters with 3–10 atoms using the Mexican Enhanced Genetic Algorithm coupled with density functional theory. Au and Cu adatoms and supported dimers have been also simulated at the same level of theory. The most stable composition, as calculated from mixing and binding energies, is obtained when the Cu proportion is close to 50%. The structures of the most stable free AuCu clusters exhibit Cu-core/Au-shell segregation. On the MgO surface however, there is a preference for Cu atoms to lie at the cluster-substrate interface. Due to the interplay between the number of interfacial Cu atoms and surface-induced cluster rearrangement, on the MgO surface 3D structures become more stable than 2D structures. The O-site of MgO surface is found to be the most favourable adsorption site for both metals. All dimers favour vertical (V) configurations on the surface and their adsorption energies are in the order: AuCu < CuCu < AuAu < AuCu (where the underlined atom is bound to the O-site). For both adatoms and AuCu dimers, adsorption via Cu is more favourable than Au-adsorbed configurations, but, this disagrees with the ordering for the pure dimers due to a combination of electron transfer and the metal-on-top effect. Binding energy (and second difference) and HOMO-LUMO gap calculations show that even-atom (even-electron) clusters are more stable than the neighbouring odd-atom (odd- electron) clusters, which is expected for closed- and open-shell systems. Supporting AuCu clusters on the MgO(100) surface decreases the charge transfer between Au and Cu atoms calculated in free clusters. The results of this study may serve as a foundation for designing better AuCu catalysts.
Single Synapse Indicators of Impaired Glutamate Clearance Derived from Fast iGluuImaging of Cortical Afferents in the Striatum of Normal and Huntington (Q175) Mice
Authors: Dvorzhak Anton , Helassa Nordine , Török Katalin , Schmitz Dietmar , Grantyn Rosemarie 
Published: February 2019

Changes in the balance between glutamate (Glu) release and uptake may stimulate synaptic reorganization and even synapse loss. In the case of neurodegeneration, a mismatch between astroglial Glu uptake and presynaptic Glu release could be detected if both parameters were assessed independently and at a single-synapse level. This has now become possible due to a new imaging assay with the genetically encoded ultrafast Glu sensor iGluu. We report findings from individual corticostriatal synapses in acute slices prepared from mice of either sex that were >1 year of age. Contrasting patterns of short-term plasticity and a size criterion identified two classes of terminals, presumably corresponding to the previously defined IT (intratelencephalic) and PT (pyramidal tract) synapses. The latter exhibited a higher degree of frequency potentiation/residual Glu accumulation and were selected for our first iGluusingle-synapse study in Q175 mice, a model of Huntington's disease (HD). In HD mice, the decay time constant of the perisynaptic Glu concentration (TauD), as an indicator of uptake, and the peak iGluuamplitude, as an indicator of release, were prolonged and reduced, respectively. Treatment of WT preparations with the astrocytic Glu uptake blocker TFB-TBOA (100 nm) mimicked the TauD changes in homozygotes. Considering the largest TauD values encountered in WT, ∼40% of PT synapses tested in Q175 heterozygotes can be classified as dysfunctional. Moreover, HD but not WT synapses exhibited a positive correlation between TauD and the peak amplitude of iGluu. Finally, EAAT2 (excitatory amino acid transport protein 2) immunoreactivity was reduced next to corticostriatal terminals. Thus, astrocytic Glu transport remains a promising target for therapeutic intervention.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlterations in astrocytic Glu uptake can play a role in synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration. Until now, the sensitivity of synaptic responses to pharmacological transport block and the resulting activation of NMDA receptors were regarded as reliable evidence for a mismatch between synaptic uptake and release. But the latter parameters are interdependent. Using a new genetically encoded sensor to monitor extracellular glutamate concentration ([Glu]) at individual corticostriatal synapses, we can now quantify the time constant of perisynaptic [Glu] decay (as an indicator of uptake) and the maximal [Glu] elevation next to the active zone (as an indicator of Glu release). The results provide a positive answer to the hitherto unresolved question of whether neurodegeneration (e.g., Huntington's disease) associates with a glutamate uptake deficit at tripartite excitatory synapses.
Wettbewerbsregister und wettbewerbliche Vergaben
Authors: Dreher Meinrad , Engel Lasse 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Am 29. 7. 2017 ist das Wettbewerbsregistergesetz („Gesetz zur Einrichtung und zum Betrieb eines Registers zum Schutz des Wettbewerbs um öffentliche Aufträge und Konzessionen“ – WRegG v. 18. 7. 2017) in Kraft getreten. Das Gesetz bildet die Rechtsgrundlage für ein zentrales bundeseinheitliches Wettbewerbsregister zum Schutz des Wettbewerbs um öffentliche Aufträge und Konzessionen. Das Register wird beim Bundeskartellamt eingerichtet und als elektronische Datenbank geführt. Durch die Bereitstellung umfassender Informationen erleichtert es öffentlichen Auftraggebern künftig die Prüfung, ob bei einem Bieter Ausschlussgründe nach §§ 123, 124 GWB vorliegen, die sich insbesondere auf kartellrechtlich relevante Sachverhalte beziehen. Die tatsächliche Einführung des Wettbewerbsregisters ist von dem Erlass einer Rechtsverordnung nach § 10 WRegG abhängig, die technische und organisatorische Voraussetzungen sowie das Melde- und Abfrageverfahren näher ausgestaltet. Das Register soll spätestens im Laufe des Jahres 2020 funktionsfähig sein und den Auftraggebern zur Verfügung stehen (RegE WRegG, BT-Drucks. 18/12051, S. 4). Seine Schaffung führt zu zahlreichen neuen Rechtsfragen.
Zur Diskrepanz zwischen gerichtlichen Beweisfragen in Kartellschadenersatzverfahren und den Ergebnissen des ökonomischen „Standardansatzes“ bei statistischen Analysen
Authors: Frank Niels , Inderst Roman , Oldehaver Gunnar 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand dieses Artikels ist die Frage, inwieweit die von ökonomischen Gutachtern und Sachverständigen in der Regel vorgelegten statistisch-ökonometrischen Analysen die möglicherweise vom Gericht gestellten Fragen in Hinblick auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit bestimmter Schadenshöhen bzw. des Schadenseintritts in Follow-on-Klagen beantworten können. Dies dürfte für den üblicherweise verwendeten „Standardansatz“ der frequentistischen Statistik, mit seinem sog. „Punktschätzer“, entsprechenden Signifikanzniveaus und Konfidenzintervallen, häufig nicht der Fall sein. Der vorliegende Artikel macht dies dadurch deutlich, dass die Ergebnisse dieses Ansatzes im Sinne eines einfachen Hypothesentests dargestellt werden, der üblicherweise lediglich testet, ob die Ausgangshypothese („kein Effekt“) mit hinreichender Sicherheit verworfen werden kann. Dabei wird lediglich auf den sog. Fehler 1. Art abgestellt, mit dem fälschlicherweise die Ausgangshypothese verworfen würde. Der Fehler 2. Art, trotz eines Effekts die Ausgangshypothese nicht zu verwerfen, wird in der Regel gar nicht thematisiert. Zudem erlauben weder Signifikanzniveaus noch Konfidenzintervalle Aussagen zur Wahrscheinlichkeit bestimmter Schadenshöhen. Während der Aufsatz sich keineswegs dafür ausspricht, auf die Ergebnisse des „Standardansatzes“ zu verzichten, mahnt er dennoch dazu, diese richtig zu interpretieren und ggf. bereits beim gerichtlichen Beweisbeschluss zu berücksichtigen, welche Aussagen ein Gutachter mittels dieser Methoden überhaupt treffen kann. Abschließend wird kurz auf eine alternative Methode, die der Bayesianischen Statistik, eingegangen.