bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Stretchable Supercapacitors Enabled by Low‐Dimensional Nanomaterials
Authors: Cao Changyong , Chu Yihang , Zhou Yihao , Zhang Chi , Qu Shaoxing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSupercapacitors (SCs) have shown great potential for mobile energy storage technology owing to their long‐term durability, electrochemical stability, structural simplicity, as well as exceptional power density without much compromise in the energy density and cycle life parameters. As a result, stretchable SC devices have been incorporated in a variety of emerging electronics applications ranging from wearable electronic textiles to microrobots to integrated energy systems. In this review, the recent progress and achievements in the field of stretchable SCs enabled by low‐dimensional nanomaterials such as polypyrrole, carbon nanotubes, and graphene are presented. First, the three major categories of stretchable supercapacitors are discussed: double‐layer supercapacitors, pseudo‐supercapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors. Then, the representative progress in developing stretchable electrodes with low‐dimensional (0D, 1D, and 2D) nanomaterials is described. Next, the design strategies enabling the stretchability of the devices, including the wavy‐shape design, wire‐shape design, textile‐shape design, kirigami‐shape design, origami‐shape design, and serpentine bridge‐island design are emphasized, with the aim of improving the electrochemical performance under the complex stretchability conditions that may be encountered in practical applications. Finally, the newest developments, major challenges, and outlook in the field of stretchable SC development and manufacturing are discussed.
Modification of Carbon Nanotubes via Birch Reaction for Enhanced HER Catalyst by Constructing Pearl Necklace‐Like NiCo2P2–CNT Composite
Authors: Gao Saisai , Zhang Yin , Zhang Yanjun , Wang Bin , Yang Shengchun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCombining transition metal phosphides (TMPs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a promising and proven approach to enhance their performance in the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), due to the excellent conductivity and stability of CNTs. Generally, the deep oxidation of CNTs to form oxygen‐containing groups on their surface is indispensable before combining them with TMPs. However, such approaches inevitably introduce a large number of defects to CNTs and apparently decrease their stability and electrical conductivity. Hence, fabricating TMP–CNT composites which does not come at the expense of CNTs' high electrical conductivity is quite desirable. In this work, alkylated CNTs (named as ACNT) functionalized via the Birch reaction are used to prepare the pearl necklace‐like NiCo2P2–ACNT composites for electrocatalysts toward HER in acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterizations indicate that the ACNTs are well modified with functional groups and keep their structural integrity, thereby maximizing their excellent conductivity. Compared to bare NiCo2P2 and the NiCo2P2–CNT composites prepared with mildly oxidized CNTs and deeply oxidized CNTs, the NiCo2P2–ACNTs show far better HER performance and much faster kinetics.
Rapid formation of polymer frits in fused silica capillaries using spatially defined thermal free‐radical initiated polymerization
Authors: Sandy Kendall E. , Condarcure Angelina M. , Sutton Corey T. , Baker Christopher A. , Gallagher Elyssia S. , Bright Leonard K. , Aspinwall Craig A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractColumn preparation in capillary chromatography commonly relies upon the generation of on‐column porous frits. Here, we report a simple, robust and low‐cost approach for preparing polymer frits on‐column, in a rapid and spatially controlled manner using thermal free‐radical initiated polymerization. In this approach, a simple, temperature‐controlled heating apparatus is positioned adjacent to a 100 μm i.d. fused‐silica capillary for a defined duration. Frits were synthesized in 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate modified capillaries using a monomer solution of 2,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile, glycidyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and decanol. Frit length and stability were investigated as a function of polymerization time, temperature, and position. Frit length was easily controlled via a combination of polymerization time and temperature and position was readily controlled using a simple mechanical placement jig. Thermally initiated frits were stable throughout column packing and did not require removal of the capillary polyimide coating. The thermal initiation approach offers higher throughput, with polymerization times of <2 min compared to ≥30 min for UV‐initiated polymerization and significantly reduces the cost, enabling broader access to on‐column frit technology for a variety of capillary separation applications.
Managing development projects—The partnership between project managers and systems engineers
Authors: Kordova Sigal , Katz Eyal , Frank Moti 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere are two significant “players” in development projects: the project manager and the systems engineer, both working together in cooperation with the aim of carrying out technical (execution/performance, quality) and managerial (schedule, costs, and customer satisfaction) project goals. The goal of the current study is to identify the management processes shared by project managers and systems engineers in the defense industry, understand which factors influence how joint project management is accomplished and how it impacts meeting project goals, and provide recommendations for joint project management that will lead to project success. The research method was qualitative, based on 16 semistructured interviews with project managers and systems engineers in defense companies that deal with the development of technological systems. The main recommendations for joint project management are: clear distribution of responsibility and delegation of authority between the two professionals before starting the project; choosing a project manager who was once a systems engineer or who possesses engineering knowledge; insistence on an ongoing dialog between the two professionals and solving/preventing conflicts through discussion and persuasion; as well as expanding common ground between the project manager and systems engineers’ areas of responsibility.
Climate, weather, and water in history
Authors: Morgan Ruth A. 
Published: November 2018

This essay integrates the largely separate trajectories of climate and water histories, their distinct historiographies, and their different methods and expertise. Informed by the human‐nature insights of environmental history and historical geography, this paper identifies four intersections between histories of climate and water: first, conceptualizations of the climate and hydrological systems; second, adaptations to climate and hydrological variability and change; third, weather control; and finally, water over time. These particular intersections shed light on shared concerns for human relations to water and climate across different spatial and temporal scales; the development and function of networks of environmental knowledge; the formation and impact of environmental imaginaries; and the emergence of particular cultures of risk and resilience. The English‐language histories of climate and water to which I refer pertain largely to the study of the 19th and 20th centuries in relation to the spread of European and North American empires. Histories of water, I argue, offer more personal and localized insights into histories of climate and climate change.This article is categorized under:Climate, History, Society, Culture > World Historical Perspectives
Song: The Learned Language of Three Major Bird Clades
Authors: Päckert Martin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVocal learning has evolved several times independently in mammals and three major orders of birds. Of these only hummingbirds and passerine birds have complex songs, whereas the large vocal repertoires of parrots comprise various call types associated with different behavioral contexts. Generally, bird song has two major functions: territorial defense and mate attraction. In the latter context, particularly in songbirds (Oscines), the evolution of male song repertoires has strongly been driven by sexual selection: Song complexity and repertoire size have been shown to be indicators of male quality and are thus crucial traits for female choice. Today, the age of phylogenetics provides new methods for the study of the mode and tempo of organismic diversification and of trait evolution, e.g., of vocal learning. As a striking result, song learning seems to be associated with species richness across the avian tree of life. This provided recent evidence for the theory that song learning can act as a pacemaker of evolution. The spatial variation of song dialects is often correlated with genetic diversification. Extreme cases are small isolated populations, for example, on islands. In the field, the effect of song diversification as a barrier for gene flow can best be observed in zones of secondary contact between close relatives. Even in cases of hybridization, differences of song might affect female choice and thus lead to assortative mating and prevent gene flow in one or even in both directions. These are probably the most exciting case studies, where speciation in action (or in reverse) can be studied in the wild.
Neither synthesis nor rivalry: Complementary policy models and technological learning in the Mexican and Brazilian petroleum and automotive industries
Authors: Fuentes Alberto , Pipkin Seth 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough technological learning is indispensable for economic transformation in developing countries, recent research on industrial policy both lacks consensus regarding policy models and engages in little long-term analysis of policy impacts. This study contributes to this literature through a controlled case comparison of the varied addition of new and unique functional capacities in the Mexican and Brazilian automotive and petroleum industries from 1975 to 2000. It offers a dynamic industrial policy perspective that underscores the explanatory role of alternating state- and market-led industrial policy approaches and their associated cumulative processes of “exploration” and “exploitation” (March (1991)). It also suggests that two background conditions—prior investments in learning and exogenous shocks that undermine the status quo—intervene decisively in the successful sequencing of policy approaches. The study concludes by proposing a framework that recognizes three main learning pathways formed through different configurations of the main independent variable and background conditions. This framework can be deployed as a rough predictive tool to assess how other industries might most effectively increase their technological sophistication.
Effective Law from a Regulatory and Administrative Law Perspective
Authors: DE BENEDETTO Maria 
Published: November 2018

The question of effective law has been studied in many fields of research, such as philosophy and sociology of law, law and economics, public policy and behavioural sciences. This article aims to treat it as a genuine administrative law issue which is currently having a significant impact on administrative procedures, especially affecting the way in which rules are adopted and implemented. Furthermore, the article attempts to reconcile conflicting views in existing literature on the meaning of effective law and on which factors lead to effectiveness by proposing an integrated approach: starting from a regulatory perspective it considers both traditional determinants of effectiveness, ie compliance and enforcement, as well as the emerging aspect of outcomes, focused on the idea that a rule can be defined as effective when its desired effects have been achieved and the public interest which justifies the rule has been safeguarded without producing unwanted or disfunctional consequences.Far from being simply a decisional problem for institutions (arising in legislative, regulatory and administrative procedures), effectiveness calls for a “steering administration” and represents a criterion for decision-making, since expected effectiveness can be used in the logic of “whether” and “how” institutions should arrive at decisions.
Bronchoscope-associated clusters of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Galdys Alison L. , Marsh Jane W. , Delgado Edgar , Pasculle A. William , Pacey Marissa , Ayres Ashley M. , Metzger Amy , Harrison Lee H. , Muto Carlene A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveRecovery of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae from a cluster of patients in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) prompted an epidemiologic investigation for a common exposure.MethodsClinical and microbiologic data from MICU patients were retrospectively reviewed, MICU bronchoscopes underwent culturing and borescopy, and bronchoscope reprocessing procedures were reviewed. Bronchoscope and clinical MDR isolates epidemiologically linked to the cluster underwent molecular typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) followed by whole-genome sequencing.ResultsOf the 33 case patients, 23 (70%) were exposed to a common bronchoscope (B1). Both MDR P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia were recovered from the bronchoscope’s lumen, and borescopy revealed a luminal defect. Molecular testing demonstrated genetic relatedness among case patient and B1 isolates, providing strong evidence for horizontal bacterial transmission. MDR organism (MDRO) recovery in 19 patients was ultimately linked to B1 exposure, and 10 of 19 patients were classified as belonging to an MDRO pseudo-outbreak.ConclusionsSurveillance of bronchoscope-derived clinical culture data was important for early detection of this outbreak, and whole-genome sequencing was important for the confirmation of findings. Visualization of bronchoscope lumens to confirm integrity should be a critical component of device reprocessing.
Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Composition in Soil Carbon Dioxide and Free Oxygen within Deep Ultisols at the Calhoun CZO, South Carolina, USA
Authors: Cherkinsky Alexander , Brecheisen Zachary , Richter Daniel 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIn order to evaluate effects of three land uses on isotopic compositions of CO2 and O2 of soil air to 5 m soil depth, a field study was conducted in the Calhoun Critical Zone Observatory, located in the subtropical climate of the Southern Piedmont of South Carolina, USA. Soil gas reservoirs were installed in ecosystems with three different land uses, each replicated three times: (i) reference hardwood stands that were never cultivated; (ii) currently cultivated plots; (iii) pine stands, which had been used for growing cotton in 19th century but were abandoned in about the 1930s and 1940s when they were regenerated with pines that are today 70–80 yr old. In addition to soil CO2 and O2 concentration measurements, soil gas samples were analyzed for Δ14C, δ13C, and δ18O. Stable carbon isotopic composition becomes lighter with the depth in soils of all three land uses: in the cultivated site δ13C decreases from –18‰ at 0.5 m to –21‰ at 5 m, in pine site from –22 to –25‰, and in hardwood from –21.5 to –24.5‰, respectively. Δ14C increased with depth from 40 to 60‰ in the top 0.5 m to about 80–140‰ at 5 m depending on land use. While surficial soils had relatively similar Δ14C in CO2, between 40 to 60‰ at 0.5 m, at 3 and 5 m, cultivated soils had the highest Δ14C, hardwood the lowest, and pine in between, a pattern that emphasizes the importance of contemporary respired CO2 in hardwood stands. Oxygen isotopic composition of CO2 did not change with depth, whereas free O2 was greatly enriched in lower horizons of forest soils, which we attribute to strong fractionation by respiration.
No Margin for Error: Fifteen Years in the Working Lives of Lone Mothers and their Children
Authors: MILLAR JANE , RIDGE TESS 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOver the past two decades, the emphasis on paid work has become one of the defining features of social security policy in the UK. Lone mothers and their families have been one of the key groups affected. In this article we focus on the working and family lives of lone mothers and their children over time, drawing on material from a long-term qualitative research study, and setting this in the context of policy developments. We explore the long-term consequences of trying to sustain work, and manage low-income family life as children grow up and needs change over time. This highlights some of the tensions and limitations in family support and relationships when resources are limited. We reflect on the links between insecurity, legacies and the state.
Party government and policy responsiveness. Evidence from three parliamentary democracies
Authors: Toshkov Dimiter , Mäder Lars , Rasmussen Anne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDoes party government moderate the responsiveness of public policy to public opinion? Analysing a new dataset, we examine whether the ability of governments to respond to the public on 306 specific policy issues in Denmark, Germany and the UK is affected by the extent of coalition conflict and by the fit of the considered policy changes with the government preferences. We find a systematic but relatively weak positive impact of public support on the likelihood and speed of policy change. Contrary to expectations, a higher number of coalition partners are not associated with fewer policy changes nor with weaker responsiveness to public opinion. We also find no evidence that responsiveness to public opinion is necessarily weaker for policy changes that go against the preferences of the government. Rather, it appears that public and government support for policy change are substitute resources.
Epidemiological survey and sequence information analysis of swine hepatitis E virus in Sichuan, China
Authors: Li Y. Y. , Xu Z. W. , Li X. J. , Gong S. Y. , Cai Y. , Chen Y. Q. , Li Y. M. , Xu Y. F. , Sun X. G. , Zhu L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHepatitis E is an important zoonosis that is prevalent in China. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a pathogen that affects humans and animals and endangers public health in China. In this study, the detection of HEV epidemics in swine in Sichuan Province, China, was carried out by nested real-time PCR. A total of 174 stool samples and 160 bile samples from swine in Sichuan Province were examined. In addition, software was used to analyse the biological evolution of HEV. The results showed that within 2 years of swine HEV (SHEV) infection in China, SHEV was first detected in Sichuan Province. HEV was endemic in Sichuan; the positive rate for pig farms was 11.1%, and the total positive sample rate was 10.5%. The age of swine with the highest positive rate (17.9%) was 5–9 weeks. The examined swine species in order of highest to lowest HEV infection rates were Chenghua pig, Large White, Duroc, Pietrain, Landrace and Hampshire. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis showed that the HEV epidemic in swine in Sichuan Province was related to genotype IV, which had the highest homology to HEV in Beijing. Sichuan strains have greater variation than Chinese representative strains, which may indicate the presence of new HEV strains.
Cultural development and psychopathology
Authors: Causadias José M. , Cicchetti Dante 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCulture plays a pivotal role in adaptive and maladaptive development. However, culture remains disconnected from theory, research, training, assessment, and interventions in developmental psychopathology, limiting our understanding of the genesis and epigenesis of mental health. Cultural development and psychopathology research can help overcome this limitation by focusing on the elucidation of cultural risk, protective, and promotive factors, at the individual and social levels, that initiate, derail, or maintain trajectories of normal and abnormal behavior. The goal of this Special Issue is to showcase research on the association between culture, development, and psychopathology that investigates equifinality and multifinality in cultural development, the interplay between culture and biology, cultural assessment and interventions, and cultural differences and similarities.
Feasibility and acceptability of a beverage intervention for Hispanic adults: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Garcia David O , Morrill Kristin E , Aceves Benjamin , Valdez Luis A , Rabe Brooke A , Bell Melanie L , Hakim Iman A , Martinez Jessica A , Thomson Cynthia A 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and acceptability of a beverage intervention in Hispanic adults.DesignEligible individuals identified as Hispanic, were 18–64 years old and had BMI 30·0–50·0 kg/m2. Participants were randomized 2:2:1 to one of three beverages: Mediterranean lemonade (ML), green tea (GT) or flavoured water control (FW). After a 2-week washout period, participants were asked to consume 32 oz (946 ml) of study beverage daily for 6 weeks and avoid other sources of tea, citrus, juice and sweetened beverages; water was permissible. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and 8 weeks to assess primary and secondary efficacy outcomes.SettingTucson, AZ, USA.ParticipantsFifty-two participants were recruited over 6 months; fifty were randomized (twenty-one ML, nineteen GT, ten FW). Study population mean (sd) age 44·6 (sd 10·2) years, BMI 35·9 (4·6) kg/m2; 78 % female.ResultsForty-four (88 %) completed the 8-week assessment. Self-reported adherence was high. No significant change (95 % CI) in total cholesterol (mg/dl) from baseline was shown −1·7 (−14·2, 10·9), −3·9 (−17·2, 9·4) and −13·2 (−30·2, 3·8) for ML, GT and FW, respectively. Mean change in HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) −2·3 (−5·3, 0·7; ML), −1·0 (−4·2, 2·2; GT), −3·9 (−8·0, 0·2; FW) and LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) 0·2 (−11·3, 11·8; ML), 0·5 (−11·4, 12·4; GT), −9·8 (−25·0, 5·4; FW) were also non-significant. Fasting glucose (mg/dl) increased significantly by 5·2 (2·6, 7·9; ML) and 3·3 (0·58, 6·4; GT). No significant change in HbA1c was demonstrated. Due to the small sample size, potential confounders and effect modifiers were not investigated.ConclusionsRecruitment and retention figures indicate that a larger-scale trial is feasible; however, favourable changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers were not demonstrated.