bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of phenotypic markers and neural differentiation potential of human bone marrow stromal cells from the cranial bone and iliac crest
Authors: Ma Yuyuan , Ma Jie , Zhao Yuanyuan , Yang Kaichuang , Zhou Jia , Gao Faliang , Pan Ruolang , Lu Gang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCellular therapies represent a new frontier in the treatment of neurological diseases. Accumulating evidence from preclinical studies of animal models suggests that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, are an effective therapy for neurological diseases. In this study, we established human MSC lines from both cranial bone marrow (cBMMSCs) and iliac crest bone marrow (iBMMSCs) from the same donors and found that cBMMSCs show higher expression of neural crest‐associated genes than iBMMSCs. Moreover, as observed in both mRNA and protein assays, neurogenic‐induced cells from cBMMSCs expressed significantly higher levels of neural markers, such as NESTIN, SLUG, SOX9, and TWIST, than those from iBMMSCs. Thus, cBMMSCs showed a greater tendency than iBMMSCs to differentiate into neuron‐like cells.
Efficient l‐lactic acid production from purified sweet sorghum juice coupled with soybean hydrolysate as nitrogen source by Lactobacillus thermophilus A69 strain
Authors: Tian Xue‐jiao , Jiang Ai‐lian , Mao Yan‐qin , Wu Bo , He Ming‐xiong , Hu Wei , Chen Ji‐hong , Li Wen‐jian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐efficiency utilization of sweet sorghum juice can bring significant economic feasibility of l‐lactic acid production. However, an expensive nitrogen source increases the capital cost, and the complex composition of sweet sorghum juice could limit the yield.RESULTSIn the present study, a bioprocess was developed to enhance the efficiency of l‐lactic acid production using purified sweet sorghum juice and cheap nitrogen supply strategies. It was first demonstrated that cheaper soybean hydrolysate could be used as a low‐cost nitrogen source for efficient l‐lactic acid production by Lactobacillus thermophilus A69, the optimal soybean hydrolysate concentration being 25 g L−1. It was then proved that the efficiency of l‐lactic acid production was significantly boosted using sweet sorghum juice purified via clarification treatment. Finally, on combining the cheap nitrogen source and the clarification strategy, 114.6 g L−1 l‐lactic acid with a productivity of 2.61 g L−1 h−1 was produced by A69 strain in a 5 L bioreactor.CONCLUSIONThis study provides a simple, practical and economic approach to promote l‐lactic acid production using sweet sorghum juice as feedstock. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Morphological tools to evaluate the digestory apparatus in rocky cavy (Kerodon rupestris)
Authors: de Aro Marian Mazeto , dos Santos Amilton Cesar , da Silveira Erick Eduardo , da Silva Lisboa Neto Antônio Francisco , de Oliveira Moacir Franco , de Assis Neto Antônio Chaves 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis research describes for the first time the complete morphology of the digestive apparatus of rock cavies. Dissection, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were performed. The oral cavity has: the hard palate without palatine wrinkles and the soft palate; the tongue composed by striated musculature, with presence of vallate, foliated, and fungiform papillae with taste buds and filiform papillae with mechanical function; and, 20 teeth of the hypsodonts type. Esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), and the large intestine (cecum, colon, and rectum) are found. The anus is present at the end of the alimentary channel. Organs of digestive tube are composed by four tunics: mucosa, submucosa, muscular, and serosa. The duodenum, jejunum and ileum have villi. Jejunum, ileum and cecum present Lieberkühn crypts. The cecum has mucous glands. Colon and rectum are folded and have goblet cells. Anus presents sebaceous glands. As associated glands it is found the liver with six lobes and gallbladder; a lobulated pancreas; and a pair of each major salivary gland (parotid, mandibular, and sublingual). Parotid glands have serous acini and mandibular and sublingual glands have mucous acini. Pancreas has adenomers. The liver has hepatocytes and portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct (portal triad), separated by sinusoids. It is concluded that the digestive apparatus of the rock cavy has variations in the dentition, lingual papillae, and acini of the salivary glands when compared to other rodents. Other variations refer to the well‐developed cecum characteristic of herbivorous behavior.
Association of distant recurrence‐free survival with algorithmically extracted MRI characteristics in breast cancer
Authors: Mazurowski Maciej A. , Saha Ashirbani , Harowicz Michael R. , Cain Elizabeth Hope , Marks Jeffrey R. , Marcom P. Kelly 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundWhile important in diagnosis of breast cancer, the scientific assessment of the role of imaging in prognosis of outcomes and treatment planning is limited.Purpose: To evaluate the potential of using quantitative imaging variables for stratifying risk of distant recurrence in breast cancer patients.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 892 female invasive breast cancer patients.SequenceDynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI with field strength 1.5 T and 3 T.AssessmentComputer vision algorithms were applied to extract a comprehensive set of 529 imaging features quantifying size, shape, enhancement patterns, and heterogeneity of the tumors and the surrounding tissue. Using a development set with 446 cases, we selected 20 imaging features with high prognostic value.Statistical TestsWe evaluated the imaging features using an independent test set with 446 cases. The principal statistical measure was a concordance index between individual imaging features and patient distant recurrence‐free survival (DRFS).ResultsThe strongest association with DRFS that persisted after controlling for known prognostic clinical and pathology variables was found for signal enhancement ratio (SER) partial tumor volume (concordance index [C] = 0.768, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.679–0.856), tumor major axis length (C = 0.742, 95% CI: 0.650–0.834), kurtosis of the SER map within tumor (C = 0.640, 95% CI: 0.521–0.760), tumor cluster shade (C = 0.313, 95% CI: 0.216–0.410), and washin rate information measure of correlation (C = 0.702, 95% CI: 0.601–0.803).Data ConclusionQuantitative assessment of breast cancer features seen in a routine breast MRI might be able to be used for assessment of risk of distant recurrence.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 6J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
Glycogen distribution in mouse hippocampus
Authors: Hirase Hajime , Akther Sonam , Wang Xiaowen , Oe Yuki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe hippocampus is a limbic structure involved in the consolidation of episodic memory. In the recent decade, glycogenolysis in the rodent hippocampus has been shown critical for synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Astrocytes are the primary cells that store glycogen which is subject to degradation in hypoglycemic conditions. Focused microwave application to the brain halts metabolic activities, and therefore preserves brain glycogen. Immunohistochemistry against glycogen on focused microwave‐assisted brain samples is suitable for both macroscopic and microscopic investigation of glycogen distribution. Glycogen immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus showed a characteristic punctate signal pattern that depended on hippocampal layers. In particular, the hilus is the most glycogen‐rich subregion of the hippocampus. Moreover, large glycogen puncta (>0.5 µm in diameter) observed in neuropil areas are organized in a patchy pattern consisting of puncta‐rich and ‐poor astrocytes. These observations are discussed with respect to distinct hippocampal neural activity states observed in live animals.
New‐onset atrial fibrillation in patients with acute coronary syndrome may be associated with worse prognosis and future heart failure
Authors: Nagai Mizuyoshi , Itoh Tomonori , Ishida Masaru , Fusazaki Tetsuya , Komatsu Takashi , Nakamura Motoyuki , Morino Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsA total 648 of consecutive ACS patients were divided into non‐AF and all‐AF groups. The all‐AF group was further subdivided into new‐onset AF and pre‐existing AF groups. We compared prognosis among these groups using the Cox regression analysis.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 1.4 ± 1.2 years. Overall patient numbers were 538 in non‐AF and 110 in all‐AF groups (67 in new‐onset AF and 43 in pre‐existing AF). Seventy‐eight all‐cause deaths and 42 cardiac deaths were observed. New‐onset AF had a worse prognosis than the other groups in the Kaplan‐Meier analysis (P = 0.025) after observation. Cox regression analysis indicated no significant difference for all‐cause death among the three groups. The hazard ratio of congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization was significantly higher in the all‐AF and new‐onset AF group than in the non‐AF group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that renal dysfunction, peripheral arterial disease, Killip classification ≥2, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were independent predictors of all‐cause death. The new‐onset AF group had the highest prevalence of Killip classification ≥2 and the lowest LVEF.ConclusionIn our study, AF was not an independent predictor of all‐cause death, but new‐onset AF may be associated with worse prognosis and future heart failure.
Recommendations for design and conduct of preclinical in vivo studies of orthopedic device‐related infection
Authors: Moriarty T Fintan , Harris Llinos G. , Mooney Robert A. , Wenke Joseph C. , Riool Martijn , Zaat Sebastian A. J. , Moter Annette , Schaer Thomas P. , Khanna Nina , Kuehl Richard , Alt Volker , Montali Andrea , Liu Jianfeng , Zeiter Stephan , Busscher Henk J. , Grainger David W. , Richards R. Geoff 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTOrthopedic device‐related infection (ODRI), including both fracture‐related infection (FRI) and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), remain among the most challenging complications in orthopedic and musculoskeletal trauma surgery. ODRI has been convincingly shown to delay healing, worsen functional outcome and incur significant socio‐economic costs. To address this clinical problem, ever more sophisticated technologies targeting the prevention and/or treatment of ODRI are being developed and tested in vitro and in vivo. Among the most commonly described innovations are antimicrobial‐coated orthopedic devices, antimicrobial‐loaded bone cements and void fillers, and dual osteo‐inductive/antimicrobial biomaterials. Unfortunately, translation of these technologies to the clinic has been limited, at least partially due to the challenging and still evolving regulatory environment for antimicrobial drug‐device combination products, and a lack of clarity in the burden of proof required in preclinical studies. Preclinical in vivo testing (i.e. animal studies) represents a critical phase of the multidisciplinary effort to design, produce and reliably test both safety and efficacy of any new antimicrobial device. Nonetheless, current in vivo testing protocols, procedures, models, and assessments are highly disparate, irregularly conducted and reported, and without standardization and validation. The purpose of the present opinion piece is to discuss best practices in preclinical in vivo testing of antimicrobial interventions targeting ODRI. By sharing these experience‐driven views, we aim to aid others in conducting such studies both for fundamental biomedical research, but also for regulatory and clinical evaluation. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:271–287, 2019.
GC‐MS profiling of fatty acids in green coffee (Coffea arabica L.) beans and chemometric modeling for tracing geographical origins from Ethiopia
Authors: Mehari Bewketu , Redi‐Abshiro Mesfin , Chandravanshi Bhagwan Singh , Combrinck Sandra , McCrindle Rob , Atlabachew Minaleshewa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study was aimed at the development of objective analytical method capable of verifying the production region of the coffee beans. One hundred samples of green coffee (Coffea arabica L.) beans from the major producing regions, comprising various sub‐regional types, were studied for variations in their fatty acid compositions by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to visualize data trends. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to construct classification models.RESULTSTwenty‐one different fatty acids were detected in all of the samples. The total fatty acid content varied from 83 to 204 g kg−1 across the regions. Oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic and arachidic acids were identified as the most discriminating compounds among the production regions. The recognition and prediction abilities of the LDA model for classification at regional level were 95% and 92%, respectively, and 92% and 85%, respectively, at sub‐regional level.CONCLUSIONFatty acids contain adequate information for use as descriptors of the cultivation region of coffee beans. Chemometric methods based on fatty acid composition can be used to detect fraudulently labeled coffees, with regard to the production region. These can benefit the coffee production market by providing consumers with products of the expected quality. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Posttraumatic Stress Trajectories in World Trade Center Tower Survivors: Hyperarousal and Emotional Numbing Predict Symptom Change
Authors: Adams Shane W. , Allwood Maureen A. , Bowler Rosemarie M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is a paucity of knowledge concerning the underlying symptomatology of heterogeneous posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) trajectories following mass trauma, such as a terrorist attack. This study examined longitudinal PTSS trajectories using latent growth mixture modeling in 2,355 World Trade Center (WTC) tower survivors surveyed by the WTC Health Registry an average of 2.5, 5.5, and 10.5 years after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, WTC‐related exposure, and other traumas/stressors. Four curvilinear PTSS trajectories were identified: low symptom (74.9%), recovering (8.0%), worsening (6.7%), and chronic (10.4%). The majority of WTC survivors (85.3%) maintained stable symptom trajectories over time, with PTSS changes occurring less often. Although WTC‐related exposure was associated with initial PTSS severity, exposure was not associated with chronicity or change of PTSS over time. Male gender and a higher number of post‐WTC disaster life‐stressors were associated with worsening symptom severity over time. Individuals with more severe hyperarousal symptoms at Wave 1, particularly of anxious arousal, were more likely to have PTSS that worsened over time, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.55. Less severe emotional numbing symptoms, particularly of dysphoria, at Wave 1, were marginally significantly associated with subsequent PTSS recovery, aOR = 0.75. Interventions that target hyperarousal and emotional numbing symptoms may mitigate a worsening of symptoms and facilitate posttraumatic recovery following future mass traumas, such as terrorist attacks. Further clinical implications are discussed.
Harnessing Polyisobutylene by Rotaxanation with γ‐Cyclodextrin: Opportunities for Making Smart Molecular Necklaces
Authors: Przybylski Cédric , Ramoul Hassen , Bonnet Véronique , Abad Mathilde , Jarroux Nathalie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA new type of polyrotaxane based on the threading of γ‐cyclodextrins (γ‐CDs) along a highly hydrophobic polymer, polyisobutylene (PIB), is successfully prepared and finely characterized. The used radical coupling associated with tuned reaction time and temperature leads to a fast and controlled necklace synthesis with low reagent consumption. Synthesis exhibits appealing conversion and threading rates with almost 100% and 62–73%, respectively. A combination of well‐established SEC and NMR techniques, with a more forefront MALDI‐TOF MS approach, provides details on the original PIB and the resulting polyrotaxanes (M
w, M
n, PDI, and average number of γ‐CD threaded). Interestingly, tetramethylguanidinium‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenylazo)benzoate in DMF for MALDI analysis is revealed as a suitable matrix to overcome solubility troubles widely observed with PIB. Moreover, rotaxanation appears as an alternative to the grafting of polar groups to modify/handle hydrophobic polymers. Such an approach offers new opportunities to achieve the synthesis, with unambiguous evidence, of new supramolecular necklaces based on highly hydrophobic polymers.
Porous Polymers Derived from Octavinylsilsesquioxane by Cationic Polymerization
Authors: Du Yajing , Ge Mingtao , Liu Hongzhi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA new rapid and efficient approach is developed for the preparation of porous materials via cationic polymerization of octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS). The reaction proceeds rapidly and efficiently at room temperature, forming a predominantly covalent porous network polymer. A series of experiments are conducted to clarify the effects of reaction time, temperature, and solvent on the polymerization process. The results show that all the products possess a nanoporous structure with surface areas of approximately 300 – 620 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 0.15 – 0.54 cm3 g−1. The porosity of these polymers can be readily tailored by changing the reaction conditions. The post functionalization of the materials is further investigated by epoxidation and the application of these polymers as carbon dioxide adsorbents (up to 0.98 mmol g−1) is also explored. The work has general implications in understanding the reactive nature of the cationic polymerization of OVS and is very promising for promoting the application of porous materials.
Tardive dyskinesia is associated with altered putamen Akt/GSK‐3β signaling in nonhuman primates
Authors: Hernandez Giovanni , Mahmoudi Souha , Cyr Michel , Diaz Jorge , Blanchet Pierre J. , Lévesque Daniel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundTardive dyskinesia is a delayed and potentially irreversible motor complication arising from chronic exposure to antipsychotic drugs. Interaction of antipsychotic drugs with G protein‐coupled receptors triggers multiple intracellular events. Nevertheless, signaling pathways that might be associated with chronic unwanted effects of antipsychotic drugs remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to better understand kinase signaling associated with the expression of tardive dyskinesia in nonhuman primates.MethodsWe exposed capuchin monkeys to prolonged haloperidol (n = 10) or clozapine (n = 6) treatments. Untreated animals were used as controls (n = 6). Half of haloperidol‐treated animals (5) developed mild tardive dyskinesia similar to that found in humans. Using Western blots and immunochemistry, we measured putamen total and phosphorylated protein kinase levels associated with canonical and noncanonical signaling cascades of G protein‐coupled receptors.ResultsAntipsychotic drugs enhanced pDARPP‐32 and pERK1/2, but no difference ws observed in phosphoprotein kinase levels between dyskinetic and nondyskinetic monkeys. On the other hand, comparison of kinase levels between haloperidol‐treated dyskinetic and nondyskinetic monkeys indicated that dyskinetic animals had lower GRK6 and β‐arrestin2 levels. Levels of pAkt and pGSK‐3β were also reduced, but only haloperidol‐treated monkeys that developed tardive dyskinesia had reduced pGSK‐3β levels, whereas pAkt levels in dyskinetic animals positively correlated with dyskinetic scores. Interestingly, double immunofluorescence labeling showed that putamen dopamine D3 receptor levels were upregulated and that D3/pAkt colocalization was enriched in haloperidol‐treated animals displaying tardive dyskinesia.ConclusionsOur results suggest that upregulation of putamen dopamine D3 receptor and alterations along the noncanonical GRK6/β‐arrestin2/Akt/GSK‐3β molecular cascade are associated with the development of tardive dyskinesia in nonhuman primates. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Diffusion tractography of the rat knee at microscopic resolution
Authors: Wang Nian , Mirando Anthony J. , Cofer Gary , Qi Yi , Hilton Matthew J. , Johnson G. Allan 
Published: January 2019

PurposeTo evaluate whole knee joint tractography, including articular cartilage, ligaments, meniscus, and growth plate using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at microscopic resolution.MethodsThree rat knee joints were scanned using a modified 3D diffusion‐weighted spin echo pulse sequence with 90‐ and 45‐μm isotropic spatial resolution at 9.4T. The b values varied from 250 to 1250 s/mm2 with 4 times undersampling in phase directions. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were compared at different spatial resolution and b values. Tractography was evaluated at multiple b values and angular resolutions in different connective tissues, and compared with conventional histology. The mean tract length and tract volume in various types of tissues were also quantified.ResultsDTI metrics (FA and MD) showed consistent quantitative results at 90‐ and 45‐μm isotropic spatial resolutions. Tractography of various connective tissues was found to be sensitive to the spatial resolution, angular resolution, and diffusion weightings. Higher spatial resolution (45 μm) supported tracking the cartilage collagen fiber tracts from the superficial zone to the deep zone, in a continuous and smooth progression in the transitional zone. Fiber length and fiber volume in the growth plate were strongly dependent on angular resolution and b values, whereas tractography in ligaments was found to be less dependent on spatial resolution.ConclusionHigh spatial and angular resolution DTI and diffusion tractography can be valuable for knee joint research because of its visualization capacity for collagen fiber orientations and quantitative evaluation of tissue’s microscopic properties.
Highly Active Catalysis of Cobalt Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin Promoted by Chitosan for Cyclohexane Oxidation in Response‐Surface‐Methodology‐Optimized Reaction Conditions
Authors: Mo Lin‐Qiang , Huang Xian‐Fei , Huang Guan , Yuan Guang‐Ping , Wei Su‐Juan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe aimed at elevating catalytic performances of cobalt tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (Co TPFPP) through axial coordination, nanocavities, and covalently grafting action. The Co TPFPP was immobilized onto nanoporous and nonporous chitosan, forming Co TPFPP/np‐ and nonp‐CTS catalysts, respectively. The catalysts were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The catalytic performances of these catalysts for cyclohexane oxidation under response‐surface‐methodology‐optimized oxidation reaction conditions were estimated and compared. Co TPFPP/np‐CTS was an excellent catalyst at aspect of catalytic activity, exhibiting the considerable potential reusability, 24.2 mol % yields (KA oil : cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol) in average, and total turnover frequencies (TOFs) of 3.25×106 h−1. This is attributed to the structural characteristics of the Co TPFPP/np‐CTS catalyst: the cobalt porphyrin molecules could be highly scattered on CTS, forming the independent active sites, and were not leached. The axial coordination exerted the most important effect on the catalytic activity, and the covalent grafting action had a decisive effect on the increase of the total TOFs and on the reusability of the catalyst.