bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Peternakan Ayam Ras Pedaging (Broiler) di Kecamatan Teluk Pandan Kabupaten Kutai Timur
Authors: Rusmiyati Rusmiyati 
Published: August 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah biaya, dan pendapatan usaha peternakan ayam ras pedaging di Kecamatan Teluk Pandan Kabupaten Kutai Timur serta mencari R/C rasio dan strategi pengembangannya usaha ayam ras pedaging di Kecamatan Teluk Pandan Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 5 peternak ayam broiler. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa total produksi selama periode bulan Mei 2017 adalah 51.336,25 kilogram dengan panen rata-rata 10267,25 kilogram. Bonus mortalitas 5% tidak dihitung dalam penerimaan karena peternak sulit untuk mengejar angka tersebut. Harga jual Rp.18.000, -/kg. Total penerimaan bulan Mei 2017 adalah Rp.924.052.500,- dengan rata-rata penerimaan Rp.184.810.500,-. Penerimaan yang lain adalah dari hasil pupuk kandang sebesar Rp. 12.550.000,-, sehingga total penerimaan menjadi Rp.936.602.500,-.Total biaya yang dikeluarkan dalam bisnis ayam broiler adalah sebesar Rp.848.813.312,- atau rata rata biaya 169.762.662,-, sehingga total pendapatan sebesar Rp.87.789.312,- dan rata-rata pendapatan peternak adalah sebesar Rp. 17.557.838,- .Nilai Cost Ratio (RCR) dari bisnis ayam broiler di Kecamatan Teluk Pandan adalah 1,101 yang artinya bahwa setiap Rp 1,- uang yang digunakan dalam bisnis akan menghasilkan penerimaan sebesar Rp.1,101, - dan laba sebesar Rp.0,1011. Berdasarkan analisis SWOT, bahwa strategi alternatif yang dapat diterapkan dalam pengembangan bisnis ayam broiler di Kecamatan Teluk Pandan Kabupaten Kutai Timur adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Memanfaatkan kerjasama ketersediaan DOC dan pakan untuk mengembangkan usaha yang telah ada agar dapat memenuhi tingginya permintaan ayam ras pedaging; 2) Meningkatkan kerjasama kemitraan dengan perusahaan peternakan dalam hal penentuan harga produk; 3) Meningkatkan kualitas produk dan menata kembali skala usaha untuk menghadapi persaingan dan menghindari penurunan daya beli; 4) Meningkatkan pola kemitraan dalam permodalan untuk memperbaiki sarana dan persiapan bahan baku produksi agar dapat bersaing.
Observations of Jupiter Family Comet 252P/LINEAR During a Close Approach to Earth Reveal Large Abundances of Methanol and Ethane
Authors: Paganini L. , Camarca M. N. , Mumma M. J. , Faggi S. , Lippi M. , Villanueva G. L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We observed short-period comet 252P/LINEAR post-perihelion during its 2016 passage, which presented a favorable opportunity to survey its chemical composition at a close Earth approach (∼0.14 au). We characterized the comet's chemical composition on four dates (UT 2016 April 12, 19, 26, and 29) using spectroscopic measurements with the Near-infrared Spectrograph (NIRSPEC) at the Keck Observatory on Maunakea, HI. Our high-resolution infrared spectra yielded production rates for four species (H2O, CH3OH, C2H6, and HCN) and upper limits for five species (NH3, H2CO, C2H2, CO, and CH4). We measured water at an average production rate of 4.9 ± 0.1 × 1027 molec s−1. The chemical properties of 252P suggest a rather typical composition, yet somewhat enriched in methanol and ethane but low in formaldehyde (upper limit) compared to other short-period comets surveyed at infrared wavelengths. Analysis of the ortho/para ratio in water indicates a nuclear spin temperature larger than ∼38 K, consistent with statistical equilibrium (2σ). Spatial distributions of gases, which are representative of possible heterogeneity in the nucleus and/or gas dynamics upon sublimation, showed rather symmetric profiles, with subtle enhancements of the more volatile species C2H6 and HCN toward the sunward hemisphere, while water showed spatial distributions that were extended toward the anti-sunward hemisphere. The continuum was characterized by a narrow distribution. We place our infrared results in the context of observations with the Discovery Channel Telescope, the James Clerk Maxwell submillimeter Telescope, and the Hubble Space Telescope.
Searching for Highly Magnified Stars at Cosmological Distances: Discovery of a Redshift 0.94 Blue Supergiant in Archival Images of the Galaxy Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
Authors: Chen Wenlei , Kelly Patrick L. , Diego Jose M. , Oguri Masamune , Williams Liliya L. R. , Zitrin Adi , Treu Tommaso L. , Smith Nathan , Broadhurst Thomas J. , Kaiser Nick , Foley Ryan J. , Filippenko Alexei V. , Salo Laura , Hjorth Jens , Selsing Jonatan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Individual highly magnified stars have been recently discovered at lookback times of more than half the age of the universe, in lensed galaxies that straddle the critical curves of massive galaxy clusters. Having established their detectability, it is now important to carry out systematic searches for them in order to establish their frequency, and in turn learn about the statistical properties of high-redshift stars and of the granularity of matter in the foreground deflector. Here we report the discovery of a highly magnified star at redshift z = 0.94 in a strongly lensed arc behind a Hubble Frontier Field (HFF) galaxy cluster, MACS J0416.1-2403, discovered as part of a systematic archival search. The bright transient (dubbed “Warhol”) was discovered in Hubble Space Telescope data taken on 2014 September 15 and 16. The point source faded over a period of two weeks, and observations taken on 2014 September 1 show that the duration of the microlensing event was at most four weeks in total. The magnified stellar image that exhibited the microlensing peak may also exhibit slow changes over a period of years at a level consistent with that expected for microlensing by the stars responsible for the intracluster light of the cluster. Optical and infrared observations taken near peak brightness can be fit by a stellar spectrum with moderate host-galaxy extinction. A blue supergiant matches the measured spectral energy distribution near peak, implying a temporary magnification of at least several thousand. The short timescale of the event and the estimated effective temperature indicate that the lensed source is an extremely magnified star. Finally, we detect the expected counterimage of the background lensed star at an offset by ∼0.″1 in a deep coaddition of HFF imaging.
Fine-structure Excitation of Ne+ in Collision with Atomic Hydrogen
Authors: Wan Yier , Leiberman P. , Buenker R. , Loch S. D. , Schultz D. R. , Stancil P. C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Fine-structure line emission from [Ne ii] is observed in the infrared (12.81 μm) and could serve as a diagnostic of X-ray irradiation in protoplanetary disks. [Ne ii] emission may also trace the disk gas and indicate the presence of shocks due to outflows. As the electron fraction decreases with decreasing height from the plane of a disk, collisions with atomic hydrogen begin to play an important role in populating excited fine-structure levels. We present computations of cross sections for fine-structure excitation in collisions of

with atomic hydrogen using a fully quantal molecular-orbital close-coupling approach with complete angular momentum coupling. The results are based on accurate calculations of NeH+ molecular potentials obtained from the multireference single- and double-excitation configuration interaction method. We find that the excitation cross sections are dominated by resonances at energies below 1000 cm−1. Quenching rate coefficients are given at temperatures (10–2000 K) of astronomical interest and compared with the electron impact rate.
Cosmic-ray Spectrum Steepening in Supernova Remnants. I. Loss-free Self-similar Solution
Authors: Malkov M. A. , Aharonian F. A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The direct measurements of cosmic rays (CRs), after correction for the propagation effects in the interstellar medium, indicate that their source spectra are likely to be significantly steeper than the canonical E
−2 spectrum predicted by the standard diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) mechanism. The DSA has long been held responsible for the production of galactic CRs in supernova remnant (SNR) shocks. The γ-ray “probes” of the acceleration spectra of CRs on the spot, inside the SNRs, lead to the same conclusion. We show that the steep acceleration spectrum can be attributed to the combination of (i) spherical expansion, (ii) tilting of the magnetic field along the shock surface, and (iii) shock deceleration. Because of (i) and (ii), the DSA is efficient only on two “polar caps” of a spherical shock where the local magnetic field is within ≃45° to its normal. The shock-produced spectrum observed edge-on steepens with the particle energy because the number of freshly accelerated particles with lower energies continually adds up to a growing acceleration region. We demonstrate the steepening effect by obtaining an exact self-similar solution for the particle acceleration at an expanding shock surface with an arbitrary energy dependence of particle diffusivity κ. We show that its increase toward higher energy steepens the spectrum, which deeply contrasts with the standard DSA spectrum where κ cancels out.
Vers une éthique de la robotique
Authors: Boyer André , Farzaneh Faranak 
Published: August 2019

Depuis leur apparition au milieu du XX e siècle dans le domaine industriel, les robots se développent dans de nombreux secteurs économiques, autour de l’utilisation de l’intelligence artificielle (IA). Dans cette communication, après avoir examiné ce que signifie aujourd’hui la notion de robot, nous analysons les questions éthiques qu’engendre la robotique dans divers secteurs de la société, à commencer par l’industrie, en passant par la robotique militaire et policière, la santé, l’éducation, les robots ménagers et en terminant par l’agriculture et l’environnement. À partir de cette analyse, nous recherchons un cadre éthique pour la robotique, dont nous essayons de définir une problématique à partir du couple « action et responsabilité » des robots.
The Interaction between NKAP and HDAC3 Is Critical for T Cell Maturation
Authors: Dash Barsha , Shapiro Michael J , Thapa Puspa , Romero Arocha Sinibaldo , Chung Ji-Young , Schwab Aaron D , McCue Shaylene A , Rajcula Matthew J , Shapiro Virginia Smith 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
NKAP and HDAC3 are critical for T cell maturation. NKAP and HDAC3 physically associate, and a point mutation in NKAP, NKAP(Y352A), abrogates this interaction. To evaluate the significance of NKAP and HDAC3 association in T cell maturation, transgenic mice were engineered for cre-mediated endogenous NKAP gene deletion coupled to induction of NKAP(Y352A) or a wild type (WT) control transgene, NKAP(WT), in double positive thymocytes or regulatory T cells (Tregs). T cell maturation was normal in mice with endogenous NKAP deletion coupled to NKAP(WT) induction. However, severe defects occurred in T cell and Treg maturation and in iNKT cell development when NKAP(Y352A) was induced, recapitulating NKAP deficiency. Conventional T cells expressing NKAP(Y352A) failed to enter the long-term T cell pool, did not produce cytokines, and remained complement susceptible, whereas Tregs expressing NKAP(Y352A) were eliminated as recent thymic emigrants leading to lethal autoimmunity. Overall, these results demonstrate the significance of NKAP–HDAC3 association in T cells.
Tracing Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Responses Using In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Malo Courtney S. , Hickman Heather D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Scientists have long valued the power of in vivo observation to answer fundamental biological questions. Over the last 20 years, the application and evolution of intravital microscopy (IVM) has vastly increased our ability to directly visualize immune responses as they are occurring in vivo after infection or immunization. Many IVM strategies employ a strong multiphoton laser that penetrates deeply into the tissues of living, anesthetized mice, allowing the precise tracking of the movement of cells as they navigate complex tissue environments. In the realm of viral infections, IVM has been applied to better understand many critical phases of effector T cell responses, from activation in the draining lymph node, to the execution of effector functions, and finally to the development of tissue-resident memory. In this review, we discuss seminal studies incorporating IVM that have advanced our understanding of the biology of antiviral CD8+ T cells.
Identifying Meaningful Patient Outcomes After Lower Extremity Injury, Part 2: Linking Outcomes to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Authors: Majewski-Schrage Tricia , Evans Todd A. , Snyder Kelli R. 
Published: August 2019

ContextThe International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a framework and common language for describing and understanding health that incorporates function and disability, as well as contextual factors. However, whether the meaningful patient outcomes reported by collegiate athletes who have sustained a lower extremity (LE) injury correspond to the ICF model is uncertain.ObjectivesTo determine if the patient outcomes reported by collegiate athletes after LE injury corresponded with the ICF classification and to identify the most relevant ICF categories and domains.DesignThemes and subthemes from the qualitative analysis were linked to the ICF using established linking rules. The frequencies of the linked ICF categories were identified.SettingUniversity laboratory.Patients or Other ParticipantsTwenty collegiate athletes (10 men, 10 women; age = 20.1 ± 1.83 years) from a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution in the Midwest who had sustained an LE injury.Data Collection and AnalysisSemistructured face-to-face interviews and ICF linking process.ResultsThe data from the qualitative interviews were successfully linked to 63 ICF second-level domains (eg, moving around, d455) across all 4 ICF categories: body functions (b), body structures (s), activities and participation (d), and environmental factors (e). The 63 second-level domains corresponded with 20 first-level domains (eg, mobility, d4).ConclusionsThe ICF provided a common language for describing health and disability, as all outcomes reported by our collegiate athletes after LE injury were linked with the ICF classification. Athletic trainers should use the results of this study for assessing and monitoring collegiate athletes' health and function after an LE injury.
The Effect of Employee Engagement on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: An Empirical Study on an Egyptian University
Authors: Mohamed Riad Amira Abd-El Aziz , Hafez Eglal , Elsaid Eahab , Taylor Nicole 
Published: August 2019

The goal of the study is to examine the effect of Employee Engagement (EE) as an independent variable on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) as a dependent variable. The study was carried out in an Egyptian public university (Ain Shams University). The data was collected through questionnaires distributed to faculty members. The sample consisted of 318 questionnaires valid for statistical analysis. The methodology used was regression analysis, and structured equation model (path analysis). The study found a positive direct effect of EE on OCB.
Revision of Distictus Townes, 1966 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with descriptions of ten new species
Authors: Supeleto Fernanda A. , Santos Bernardo F. , Aguiar Alexandre P. 
Published: August 2019

The Neotropical Distictus Townes, 1966 is diagnosed, redescribed and its species revised. A neotype is designated for the type species, D. tibialis (Brullé, 1846). The genus is characterized mainly by having the body subcylindric; clypeal margin with median tooth; areolet medium-sized, pentagonal, with crossvein 3r-m distinct; first metasomal tergite short and stout, with anterolateral tooth. Distictus aurantium Santos & Aguiar, 2008 is shown to lack some of these character states and is transferred to Mallochia Viereck, 1912. A total of 12 valid species are recognized, ten of which are new: D. apaensis sp. nov., D. ardens sp. nov., D. asterios sp. nov., D. ateles sp. nov., D. caligaris sp. nov., D. commatus sp. nov., D. daelus sp. nov., D. notabilis sp. nov., D. paratibialis sp. nov. and D. terrosus sp. nov. Other valid species are D. tibialis and D. mexicanus Kasparyan & Ruíz-Cancino, 2005. All species are described and illustrated. New distribution records, maps and separate keys for females and males of the species are provided.
Modelling the effect of curves on distance running performance
Authors: Taboga Paolo , Kram Rodger 
Published: August 2019

Background On a curve, the average axial leg force (Fa) of a runner is increased due to the need to exert centripetal force. The increased Fa presumably requires a greater rate of metabolic energy expenditure than straight running at the same velocity. We propose a model that explains the velocity reduction on curves, compared to straight running, assuming that runners maintain a constant metabolic rate.
Methods We combined published equations to estimate the change in the rate of gross metabolic energy expenditure as a function of Fa, where Fa depends on curve radius and velocity, with an equation for the gross rate of oxygen uptake as a function of velocity. We compared performances between straight courses and courses with different curve radii and geometries.
Results The differences between our model predictions and the actual indoor world records, are between 0.45 % in 3000 m and 1.78 % in the 1500 m for males, and 0.59 % in the 5000 m and 1.76 % in the 3000 m for females. We estimate thata 2:01:39 marathon on a 400 m track, corresponds to 2:01:32 on a straight path and to 2:02:00 on a 200 m track.
Conclusion Our model predicts that compared to straight racecourses, the increased time due to curves, is notable for smaller curve radii and for faster velocities. But, for larger radii and slower speeds, the time increase is negligible and the general perception of the magnitude of the effects of curves on road racing performance is not supported by our calculations.
miRDRN—miRNA disease regulatory network: a tool for exploring disease and tissue-specific microRNA regulatory networks
Authors: Liu Hsueh-Chuan , Peng Yi-Shian , Lee Hoong-Chien 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundMicroRNA (miRNA) regulates cellular processes by acting on specific target genes, and cellular processes proceed through multiple interactions often organized into pathways among genes and gene products. Hundreds of miRNAs and their target genes have been identified, as are many miRNA-disease associations. These, together with huge amounts of data on gene annotation, biological pathways, and protein–protein interactions are available in public databases. Here, using such data we built a database and web service platform, miRNA disease regulatory network (miRDRN), for users to construct disease and tissue-specific miRNA-protein regulatory networks, with which they may explore disease related molecular and pathway associations, or find new ones, and possibly discover new modes of drug action.MethodsData on disease-miRNA association, miRNA-target association and validation, gene-tissue association, gene-tumor association, biological pathways, human protein interaction, gene ID, gene ontology, gene annotation, and product were collected from publicly available databases and integrated. A large set of miRNA target-specific regulatory sub-pathways (RSPs) having the form (T,G1,G2) was built from the integrated data and stored, whereTis a miRNA-associated target gene,G1(G2) is a gene/protein interacting withT(G1). Each sequence (T,G1,G2) was assigned ap-value weighted by the participation of the three genes in molecular interactions and reaction pathways.ResultsA web service platform, miRDRN (http://mirdrn.ncu.edu.tw/mirdrn/), was built. The database part of miRDRN currently stores 6,973,875p-valued RSPs associated with 116 diseases in 78 tissue types built from 207 diseases-associated miRNA regulating 389 genes. miRDRN also provides facilities for the user to construct disease and tissue-specific miRNA regulatory networks from RSPs it stores, and to download and/or visualize parts or all of the product. User may use miRDRN to explore a single disease, or a disease-pair to gain insights on comorbidity. As demonstrations, miRDRN was applied: to explore the single disease colorectal cancer (CRC), in which 26 novel potential CRC target genes were identified; to study the comorbidity of the disease-pair Alzheimer’s disease-Type 2 diabetes, in which 18 novel potential comorbid genes were identified; and, to explore possible causes that may shed light on recent failures of late-phase trials of anti-AD,BACE1inhibitor drugs, in which genes downstream toBACE1whose suppression may affect signal transduction were identified.
Agronomic Performance of Wheat Cultivars under Different Sowing Densities in Southern Brazil
Authors: Pinheiro Magaiver Gindri , Souza Clovis Arruda , Fioreze Samuel Luiz , Carneiro Junior João Francisco Costa , Bisato Maira Maier 
Published: August 2019

Sowing density is one of the management techniques that most influence wheat crops. This management practice may affect the plant productive behavior, leading to changes in tillers growth, and also interferes with the plant architecture by influencing solar radiation uptake by the plant canopy, the production components and grain yield. This work aimed to assess the agronomic performance of two wheat cultivars (low tillering and high tillering) under influence of four sowing densities. The experiment was conducted in field conditions from July to November 2017. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with split-plots and five replicates. The factors consisted of two wheat cultivars in main plot (TBIO Sossego and TBIO Toruk), subjected to four different sowing densities as sub-plots (208; 312; 416 and 500 viable seeds m-2). Morphological characteristics, relative chlorophyll content, NDVI, production components and grain yield were evaluated. Among the assessed traits, only the stem diameter was affected by sowing density. The highest plant height, peduncle length and flag leaf length were found in cultivar Sossego, whereas the largest stem diameter was observed in cultivar Toruk. Relative chlorophyll content and NDVI were higher in cultivar Sossego. The agronomic performance of the cultivar Sossego was higher and exceeded the grain yield of Toruk at 673 kg ha-1. Suboptimal sowing densities promote a decrease in the productive performance of wheat and under conditions of rainfall limitation and genetic potential of reduced tillering while sowing densities above the recommended ones are more efficient.