bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is More Heparin Necessary for Low-Dose Heparin Prophylaxis in Uremic Patients?
Authors: Andrassy K , Salzmann W , Saggau W , Storch H , Ritz E 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHeparin dose requirements for s. c. heparin prophylaxis were investigated in control individuals and in uremic patients. Heparin levels (neutralisation of factor Xa activity, neutralisation of Xa amidolytic activity; PTT and thrombin time) at timed intervals after single and repetitive s. c. doses of 5,000 or 7,500 IU were measured in 11 uremic patients and 9 individuals with normal renal function. At a dose of 2 × 5,000 IU/d heparin s. c. no difference between controls and uremic individuals was found. In contrast, in uremic patients, peak concentrations and area under the curve (AUC) were significantly lower and plasma half life shorter after 3 × 5,000 IU heparin s. c.After repeated administration of heparin, heparin concentrations (24hrs) had fallen to nil in uremic patients whereas in controls measurable activity was still demonstrable. After i.v. bolus injection of heparin, peak concentrations were identical in controls and in uremic patients, but elimination half life was prolonged in uremic patients. It is therefore suggested that lower plasma heparin concentration after heparin s. c. is the result of diminished net absorption from the subcutaneous depotIt is concluded that in order to achieve a given plasma activity, higher s. c. doses of heparin must be administered to uremic patients than to non-uremic individuals. But further studies are required to demonstrate safety and efficacy of heparin prophylaxis in uremic individuals.
Comparison of Thrombelastography with Common Coagulation Tests
Authors: Zuckerman L , Cohen E , Vagher J P , Woodward E , Caprini J A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThrombelastography, although proven as a useful research tool has not been evaluated for its clinical utility against common coagulation laboratory tests. In this study we compare the thrombelastographic measurements with six common tests (the hematocrit, platelet count, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, activated thromboplastin time and fibrin split products). For such comparisons, two samples of subjects were selected, 141 normal volunteers and 121 patients with cancer. The data was subjected to various statistical techniques such as correlation, ANOVA, canonical and discriminant analysis to measure the extent of the correlations between the two sets of variables and their relative strength to detect blood clotting abnormalities. The results indicate that, although there is a strong relationship between the thrombelastographic variables and these common laboratory tests, the thrombelastographic variables contain additional information on the hemostatic process.
Landmark Trials in Cardiology in 2017—Celebrating 40 Years of Angioplasty
Authors: Vishwakarma Pravesh , Sethi Rishi , Pradhan Akshyaya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCardiovascular (CV) diseases continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Significant progress has been made in the management of coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) over the past 3 decades. The year 2017 marks 40th anniversary of the first coronary angioplasty performed by Andreas Gruentzig in the year 1977. Evidence-based medicine and research has been the key driving force of these positive outcomes. The year 2017 witnessed presentation of several landmark studies at major meetings and many of them getting published in literature simultaneously. These trials evaluated wide range of issues from novel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) strategies to newer drugs to innovative devices in management of CAD. We selectively discuss a few major landmark studies that have the potential to alter our daily practice in 2018.
Surgical Decision Making in Preduodenal Portal Vein: Report of Two Cases in Neonates
Authors: Rusu Simona , Zaghal Ahmad , Choudhry Muhammad 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPreduodenal portal vein (PDPV) is a rare anomaly that can cause duodenal obstruction. PDPV is associated with other congenital anomalies, mainly cardiac and gastrointestinal. Treatment usually consists of bypassing the obstruction by duodenoduodenostomy. We report two cases of PDPV in association with atrial isomerism and malrotation with different surgical management.
Patients' Perceptions of Atrial Fibrillation, Stroke Risk, and Oral Anticoagulation Treatment: An International Survey
Authors: Lane Deirdre , Meyerhoff Juliane , Rohner Ute , Lip Gregory 
Published: July 2018

Background Global differences exist in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF), and cultural differences may influence patients' expectations and perceptions of healthcare. This survey investigated whether country-specific differences in patients' perceptions of AF and oral anticoagulation (OAC) exist and if recent stroke influences these perceptions.
Methods Cross-sectional survey of 937 adults with nonvalvular AF receiving OAC for stroke prevention was conducted across United States, Canada, Germany, France, and Japan. Thirty-minute online interviews conducted between April and November 2015 included AF patients with recent stroke, and newly diagnosed AF and established AF, both without recent stroke.
Results U.S. patients and those with recent stroke perceived AF as more serious (54.0 and 55.2%, respectively) and were more concerned about stroke (50.0 and 68.0%, respectively). Japanese patients were more likely to perceive AF as not serious (41.0%), but 50.4% were frequently concerned about stroke. Patients in the United States, Canada, and Germany and those without recent stroke preferred to be involved in OAC treatment decisions (either shared decision making or patient's choice), while French and Japanese patients and those with recent stroke preferred their doctor to choose. For all country groups, stroke prevention was the most important factor when choosing OAC.
Conclusion In this international cohort of AF patients, country-specific differences exist in patients' perceptions of AF, concerns about stroke, and preference for involvement in OAC treatment decisions; recent experience of stroke significantly influenced patients' values and preferences regarding AF and treatment. Stroke prevention was rated as the most important factor when choosing OAC treatment.
Immune nutrition and exercise: Narrative review and practical recommendations
Authors: Williams Neil C. , Killer Sophie C. , Svendsen Ida Siobhan , Jones Arwel Wyn 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEvidence suggests that periods of heavy intense training can result in impaired immune cell function, and whether this leaves elite athletes at greater risk of infections and upper respiratory symptoms (URS) is still debated. There is some evidence that episodes of URS do cluster around important periods of competition and intense periods of training. Since reducing URS, primarily from an infectious origin, may have implications for performance, a large amount of research has focused on nutritional strategies to improve immune function at rest and in response to exercise. Although there is some convincing evidence that meeting requirements of high intakes in carbohydrate and protein and avoiding deficiencies in nutrients such as vitamin D and antioxidants is integral for optimal immune health, well‐powered randomised controlled trials reporting improvements in URS beyond such intakes are lacking. Consequently, there is a need to first understand whether the nutritional practices adopted by elite athletes increases their risk of URS. Second, promising evidence in support of efficacy and mechanisms of immune‐enhancing nutritional supplements (probiotics, bovine colostrum) on URS needs to be followed up with more randomised controlled trials in elite athletes with sufficient participant numbers and rigorous procedures with clinically relevant outcome measures of immunity.
Physiological comparison of intensity‐controlled, isocaloric intermittent and continuous exercise†
Authors: Combes Adrien , Dekerle Jeanne , Bougault Valérie , Daussin Frédéric N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVO2 fluctuations are argued to be an important mechanism underpinning chronic adaptations following interval training. We compared the effect of exercise modality, continuous vs. intermittent realized at a same intensity, on electrical muscular activity, muscular oxygenation and on whole body oxygen uptake. Twelve participants (24 ± 5 years; VO2peak: 43 ± 6 mL· min−1·kg−1) performed (i) an incremental test to exhaustion to determine peak work rate (WRpeak); two randomized isocaloric exercises at 70%WRpeak; (ii) 1 bout of 30 min; (iii) 30 bouts of 1 min work intercepted with 1 min passive recovery. For electromyography, only the CON exercise showed change for the vastus lateralis root‐mean‐square (+6.4 ± 5.1%, P < .01, 95%CI 3.2, 8.3) and mean power frequency (−5.2 ± 4.8, P < .01, 95%CI −8.2, −3.5). Metabolic fluctuations (i.e. Oxygen Fluctuation Index and HHb Fluctuation Index) were higher in the intermittent modality, while post‐exercise blood lactate concentrations (4.80 ± 1.50 vs. 2.32 ± 1.21 mM, respectively, for the CON and INT, P < .01, 95%CI 1.72, 3.12) and the time spent over 90% of VO2 target (1644 ± 152 vs. 356 ± 301 sec, respectively, for the CON and INT, P < .01, 95%CI 1130, 1446) were higher in the continuous modality. In conclusion, despite a similar energy expenditure and intensity, intermittent and continuous exercises showed two very different physiological responses. The intermittent modality would lead to a larger recruitment of fast twitch fibres that are less mitochondria‐equipped and therefore may be more likely respondent to mitochondrial adaptations. In addition, this modality induces greater metabolic variations, a stimulus who could lead to mitochondrial development.
Delineating the origins, developmental programs and homeostatic functions of tissue-resident macrophages
Authors: Mass Elvira 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A literature covering 150 years of research indicates that macrophages are a diverse family of professional phagocytes that continuously explore their environment, recognize and scavenge pathogens, unfit cells, cell debris as well as metabolites, and produce a large range of bioactive molecules and growth factors. A new paradigm suggests that most tissue-resident macrophages originate from fetal precursors that colonize developing organs and self-maintain independently of bone marrow-derived cells throughout life. The differentiation of these precursors is driven by a core macrophage transcriptional program and immediately followed by their specification through expression of tissue-specific transcriptional regulators early during embryogenesis. Despite our increasing understanding of ontogeny and genetic programs that shape differentiation processes and functions of macrophages, the precise developmental trajectories of tissue-resident macrophages remain undefined. Here, I review current models of fetal hematopoietic waves, possible routes of macrophage development and their roles during homeostasis. Further, transgenic mouse models are discussed providing a toolset to study the developmentally and functionally distinct arms of the phagocyte system in vivo.
MVSE: an R-package that estimates a climate-driven mosquito-borne viral suitability index
Authors: Obolski Uri , Perez Pablo N , Villabona-Arenas Christian J , Faria Nuno R , Lourenço José 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundViruses such as dengue, Zika, yellow fever and chikungunya depend on mosquitoes for transmission. Their epidemics typically present periodic patterns, linked to the underlying mosquito population dynamics, which are known to be driven by natural climate fluctuations. Understanding how climate dictates the timing and potential of viral transmission is essential for preparedness of public health systems and design of control strategies.ResultsWe developed theMosquito-borneViralSuitabilityEstimator (MVSE) software package for the R programming environment. The package estimates a suitability index based on a climate-driven mathematical expression for the basic reproductive number (R0) of a well established mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne viruses. By accounting for local humidity and temperature, as well as viral, vector and human priors, suitability can be estimated for specific host and viral species, as well as different regions of the globe.ConclusionsHere, we describe the background theory and biological interpretation of the new suitability index, as well as the implementation, basic functionality, research and educational potentials of the MVSE R-package. The package is freely available under the GPL 3.0 license.
Clinical data specification and coding for cross-analyses with omics data in autoimmune disease trials
Authors: Roberta Lorenzon , Iannis Drakos , Ribet Claire , Harris Sophie , Maeva Cordoba , Olivia Tran , Eric Dasque , Patrice Cacoub , Agnes Hartemann , Bahram Bodaghi , David Saadoun , Francis Berenbaum , Gilles Grateau , Pierre Ronco , Olivier Benveniste , Kuberaka Mariampillai , Jeremie Sellam , Philippe Seksik , Michelle Rosenzwajg , Adrien Six , Claude Bernard , Caroline Aheng , Eric Vicaut , David Klatzmann , Encarnita Mariotti-Ferrandiz 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesAutoimmune and inflammatory diseases (AIDs) form a continuum of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, yet AIDs’ nosology is based on syndromic classification. The TRANSIMMUNOM trial (NCT02466217) was designed to re-evaluate AIDs nosology through clinic-biological and multi-omics investigations of patients with one of 19 selected AIDs. To allow cross-analyses of clinic-biological data together with omics data, we needed to integrate clinical data in a harmonized database.Materials and MethodsWe assembled a clinical expert consortium (CEC) to select relevant clinic-biological features to be collected for all patients and a cohort management team comprising biologists, clinicians and computer scientists to design an electronic case report form (eCRF). The eCRF design and implementation has been done on OpenClinica, an open-source CFR-part11compliant electronic data capture system.ResultsThe CEC selected 865 clinical and biological parameters. The CMT selected coded the items using CDISC standards into 5835 coded values organized in 28 structured eCRFs. Examples of such coding are check boxes for clinical investigation, numerical values with units, disease scores as a result of an automated calculations, and coding of possible treatment formulas, doses and dosage regimens per disease.Discussion21 CRFs were designed using OpenClinica v3.14 capturing the 5835 coded values per patients. Technical adjustment have been implemented to allow data entry and extraction of this amount of data, rarely achieved in classical eCRFs designs.ConclusionsA multidisciplinary endeavour offers complete and harmonized CRFs for AID clinical investigations that are used in TRANSIMMUNOM and will benefit translational research team.
Ade2functions in theDrosophilafat body to promote sleep
Authors: Yurgel Maria E. , Shah Kreesha D. , Brown Elizabeth B. , Bennick Ryan A. , DiAngelo Justin R. , Keene Alex C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMetabolic state is a potent modulator of sleep and circadian behavior and animals acutely modulate their sleep in accordance with internal energy stores and food availability. Across phyla, hormones secreted from adipose tissue act in the brain to control neural physiology and behavior to modulate sleep and metabolic state. Growing evidence suggests the fat body is a critical regulator of complex behaviors, but little is known about the genes that function within the fat body to regulate sleep. To identify molecular factors functioning in the periphery to regulate sleep, we performed an RNAi screen selectively knocking down genes in the fat body. We found that knockdown ofPhosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase/Pfas(Ade2), a highly conserved gene involved the biosynthesis of purines, reduces sleep and energy stores. Flies heterozygous for multipleAde2mutations are also short sleepers and this effect is partially rescued by restoringAde2to the fat body. Targeted knockdown ofAde2in the fat body does not alter arousal threshold or the homeostatic response to sleep deprivation, suggesting a specific role in modulating baseline sleep duration. Together, these findings suggestAde2functions within the fat body to promote both sleep and energy storage, providing a functional link between these processes.
Matrilineal Transmission of Familial Excess Longevity (mtFEL): Effects on Cause-specific Mortality in Utah, 1904 - 2002
Authors: O’Brien Elizabeth , Cawthon Richard M. , Smith Ken R. , Kerber Richard A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe heritable component to a long and healthy life is likely to involve the actions and interactions of both nuclear and mitochondrial genetic variants. Using computerized genealogical records with accompanying cause of death information from the Utah population, we previously reported cause-specific mortality rate distributions associated with the nuclear genetic component of familial exceptional longevity. Here we identify Utah matrilineages (mitochondrial lineages) in which overall survival is better than expected, and compare cause-specific mortality rates in those matrilineages to cause-specific mortality rates in the general population. We also examine the effects on cause-specific mortality of interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial components of familial excess longevity (nuclear FEL and mtFEL). Among individuals from the bottom quartile of nuclear FEL, those who were also in the top quartile for mtFEL had lower all-cause, heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes mortality rates than those in the bottom quartile of mtFEL. In contrast, among individuals from the top quartile of nuclear FEL, the mortality rates from these diseases were similar for those also in the top quartile of mtFEL vs. those also in the bottom quartile of mtFEL, with the exception of diabetes mortality, which was dramatically suppressed in the high nuclear FEL + high mtFEL group as compared to the high nuclear FEL + low mtFEL group. Moreover, the highest mortality rates from diabetes were found in individuals aged 90 years or older who were members of both the high nuclear FEL and low mtFEL quartiles. These results support the hypothesis that some nuclear genetic variants contributing to long life carry an increased risk of dying from diabetes that is strongly ameliorated by some mitochondrial DNA variants.
Heliaphen, an outdoor high-throughput phenotyping platform designed to integrate genetics and crop modeling
Authors: Gosseau Florie , Blanchet Nicolas , Varès Didier , Burger Philippe , Campergue Didier , Colombety Céline , Gody Louise , Liévin Jean-François , Mangin Brigitte , Tison Gilles , Vincourt Patrick , Casadebaig Pierre , Langlade Nicolas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHeliaphen is an outdoor pot platform designed for high-throughput phenotyping. It allows automated management of drought scenarios and plant monitoring during the whole plant cycle. A robot moving between plants growing in 15L pots monitors plant water status and phenotypes plant or leaf morphology, from which we can compute more complex traits such as the response of leaf expansion (LE) or plant transpiration (TR) to water deficit. Here, we illustrate the platform capabilities for sunflower on two practical cases: a genetic and genomics study for the response to drought of yield-related traits and a simulation study, where we use measured parameters as inputs for a crop simulation model. For the genetic study, classical measurements of thousand-kernel weight (TKW) were done on a sunflower bi-parental population under water stress and control conditions managed automatically. The association study using the TKW drought-response highlighted five genetic markers. A complementary transcriptomic experiment identified closeby candidate genes differentially expressed in the parental backgrounds in drought conditions. For the simulation study, we used the SUNFLO crop simulation model to assess the impact of two traits measured on the platform (LE and TR) on crop yield in a large population of environments. We conducted simulations in 42 contrasted locations across Europe and 21 years of climate data. We defined the pattern of abiotic stresses occurring at this continental scale and identified ideotypes (i.e. genotypes with specific traits values) that are more adapted to specific environment types. This study exemplifies how phenotyping platforms can help with the identification of the genetic architecture of complex response traits and the estimation of eco-physiological model parameters in order to define ideotypes adapted to different environmental conditions.
An open-sourcek-mer based machine learning tool for fast and accurate subtyping of HIV-1 genomes
Authors: Solis-Reyes Stephen , Avino Mariano , Poon Art F.Y. , Kari Lila 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor many disease-causing virus species, global diversity is clustered into a taxonomy of subtypes with clinical significance. In particular, the classification of infections among the subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a routine component of clinical management, and there are now many classification algorithms available for this purpose. Although several of these algorithms are similar in accuracy and speed, the majority are proprietary and require laboratories to transmit HIV-1 sequence data over the network to remote servers. This potentially exposes sensitive patient data to unauthorized access, and makes it impossible to determine how classifications are made and to maintain the data provenance of clinical bioinformatic workflows. We propose an open-source supervised and alignment-free subtyping method (KAMERIS) that operates onk-mer frequencies in HIV-1 sequences. We performed a detailed study of the accuracy and performance of subtype classification in comparison to four state-of-the-art programs. Based on our testing data set of manually curated real-world HIV-1 sequences (n= 2, 784), Kameris obtained an overall accuracy of 97%, which matches or exceeds all other tested software, with a processing rate of over 1,500 sequences per second. Furthermore, our fully standalone general-purpose software provides key advantages in terms of data security and privacy, transparency and reproducibility. Finally, we show that our method is readily adaptable to subtype classification of other viruses including dengue, influenza A, and hepatitis B and C virus.