bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence of the East-Central-South-African genotype of Chikungunya virus in Brazil and the city of Rio de Janeiro may have occurred years before surveillance detection
Authors: Souza Thiago Moreno L. , Vieira Yasmine Rangel , Delatorre Edson , Barbosa-Lima Giselle , Luiz Raul Leal Faria , Vizzoni Alexandre , Jain Komal , Miranda Milene Mesquita , Bhuva Nishit , Gogarten Jan F. , Ng James , Thakkar Riddhi , Calheiros Andrea Surrage , Monteiro Ana Paula Teixeira , Bozza Patrícia T. , Bozza Fernando A. , Tschoeke Diogo A. , Leomil Luciana , Mendonça Marcos Cesar Lima de , Rodrigues Cintia Damasceno dos Santos , Torres Maria C. , Filippis Ana Maria Bispo de , Nogueira Rita Maria Ribeiro , Thompson Fabiano L. , Lemos Cristina , Durovni Betina , Cerbino-Neto José , Morel Carlos M. , Lipkin W. Ian , Mishra Nischay 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBrazil, which is hyperendemic for dengue virus (DENV), has had recent Zika (ZIKV) and (CHIKV) Chikungunya virus outbreaks. Since March 2016, CHIKV is the arbovirus infection most frequently diagnosed in Rio de Janeiro. In the analysis of 1835 syndromic patients, screened by real time RT-PCR, 56.4% of the cases were attributed to CHIKV, 29.6% to ZIKV, and 14.1% to DENV-4. Sequence analyses of CHIKV from sixteen samples revealed that the East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotype of CHIKV has been circulating in Brazil since 2013 [95% bayesian credible interval (BCI): 03/2012-10/2013], almost a year before it was detected by arbovirus surveillance program. Brazilian cases are related to Central African Republic sequences from 1980’s. To the best of our knowledge, given the available sequence published here and elsewhere, the ECSA genotype was likely introduced to Rio de Janeiro early on 2014 (02/2014; BCI: 07/2013-08/2014) through a single event, after primary circulation in the Bahia state at the Northestern Brazil in the previous year. The observation that the ECSA genotype of CHIKV was circulating undetected underscores the need for improvements in molecular methods for viral surveillance.
Development of highly inhomogeneous temperature profile within electrically heated alkali silicate glasses
Authors: McLaren Charles T. , Kopatz Craig , Smith Nicholas J. , Jain Himanshu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAccording to Joule’s well-known first law, application of electric field across a homogeneous solid should produce heat uniformly in proportion to the square of electrical current. Here we report strong departure from this expectation for common, homogeneous ionic solids such as alkali silicate glasses when subjected even to moderate fields (~100 V/cm). Unlike electronically conducting metals and semiconductors, with time the heating of ionically conducting glass becomes extremely inhomogeneous with the formation of a nanoscale alkali-depletion region, such that the glass melts near the anode, even evaporates, while remaining solid elsewhere. In situ infrared imaging shows and finite element analysis confirms localized temperatures more than thousand degrees above the remaining sample depending on whether the field is DC or AC. These observations unravel the origin of recently discovered electric field induced softening of glass. The observed highly inhomogeneous temperature profile point to the challenges for the application of Joule’s law to the electrical performance of glassy thin films, nanoscale devices, and similarly-scaled phenomena.
Direct measurement of topological interactions in polymers under shear using neutron spin echo spectroscopy
Authors: Kawecki Maciej , A. Adlmann Franz , Gutfreund Philipp , Falus Peter , Uhrig David , Gupta Sudipta , Farago Bela , Zolnierczuk Piotr , Cochran Malcom , Wolff Max 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present in-situ neutron spin echo measurements on an entangled polydimethylsiloxane melt under shear and demonstrate the ability to monitor nano-scale dynamics in flowing liquids. We report no changes in the topological interactions of the chains for shear rates approaching the inverse longest relaxation time. Further experiments following along this line will allow to systematically test the predictions of theories, like e.g. convective constraint release.
Bub1 kinase- and H2A phosphorylation-independent regulation of Shugoshin proteins under glucose-restricted conditions
Authors: Kobayashi Yuki , Kawashima Shigehiro A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractShugoshin family proteins are involved in various aspects of chromatin regulations, such as chromosome segregation, chromatin structure, and gene expression. In growing yeast and mammalian cells, C-terminal phosphorylation of histone H2A by Bub1 kinase is essential for the localization of Shugoshin proteins to chromatin. Here, we show that in stationary-phase cells, Bub1-mediated H2A phosphorylation is not necessary for chromatin localization of the Shugoshin paralog Sgo2 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, or for Sgo2-dependent suppression of gene expression in subtelomeric regions. The conserved C-terminal basic domain of Sgo2, which directly binds with phosphorylated H2A, is also dispensable for the localization of Sgo2 to chromatin at stationary phase. Instead, we found that the conserved N-terminal coiled-coil domain and the uncharacterized medial region of Sgo2 are required for Bub1-independent localization of Sgo2. Moreover, Set2-mediated H3K36 methylation was important for the regulation. Intriguingly, the chromatin localization of Sgo2 in the absence of Bub1 was also observed when cells were grown in low-glucose medium. These findings suggest a novel mechanism between nutrient availability and regulation of chromatin by Shugoshin proteins.
A reduced concentration of brain interstitial amino acids is associated with depression in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients
Authors: Kofler Mario , Schiefecker Alois Josef , Gaasch Maxime , Sperner-Unterweger Barbara , Fuchs Dietmar , Beer Ronny , Ferger Boris , Rass Verena , Hackl Werner , Rhomberg Paul , Pfausler Bettina , Thomé Claudius , Schmutzhard Erich , Helbok Raimund 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe amino-acids tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine seem to play an important role in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. We measured daily brain extracellular levels of these amino-acids using cerebral microdialysis (CMD) and high performance liquid chromatography in 26 consecutive subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients and associated them with the presence of depressive disorders. Patients were grouped as follows: medical history of depression (prior to SAH), antidepressant intake 12 months after SAH (but not before), or neither. CMD-tryptophan, CMD-phenylalanine and CMD-tyrosine levels were significantly lower in patients with preexisting depressive disorders compared to those without depression (p < 0.01). Disease severity and SAH-related complications were not associated with amino-acid concentrations. We found a positive correlation between nutritionally administered and brain interstitial levels of tryptophan and phenylalanine in non-depressed patients (R = 0.26 and R = 0.24, p < 0.05), which was not present in patients with preexisting depression (p > 0.1). In conclusion, brain interstitial levels of tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine measured in the context of the clinical management of SAH were significantly decreased in patients with a medical history of depression. This study supports the hypothesis that the availability of these neurotransmitter precursor amino-acids in the human brain may play an important role in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders.
Effects of naphthalene on soil fauna abundance and enzyme activity in the subalpine forest of western Sichuan, China
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Yang Fan , Yang Wanqin , Wu Fuzhong , Xu Zhenfeng , Liu Yang , Zhang Li , Yue Kai , Ni Xiangyin , Lan Liying , Chen Ya , Tan Bo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNaphthalene has been widely used to study the role of soil fauna, but its potential non-target effects on soil enzyme activity remain unknown in subalpine forests. We added naphthalene for two years and determined the effect of such additions on the abundance of soil fauna and soil enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, invertase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, leucine arylamidase, urease, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase) in a subalpine forest. Naphthalene could efficiently suppress the individual density and population of soil fauna in situ. The individual density and number of groups were decreased by 72.6–84.8% and 15.0–28.0%, respectively. Naphthalene significantly affected the activities of β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, polyphenol oxidase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, leucine arylamidase and nitrite reductase and the activity increased in the first litter peak of naphthalene addition, and decreased at the later. The activities of β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, leucine arylamidase and nitrite reductase showed a negative correlation with the soil microbial PLFAs. Conversely, the activities of invertase, urease and nitrate reductase were positively correlated with the soil microbial PLFAs. Our results suggest that naphthalene is an effective method to reduce soil fauna in subalpine forest. The enzyme activity was influenced by soil fauna and microbial PLFAs.
Apc gene suppresses intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway mediated inflammatory response
Authors: Lai Xian-Liang , Deng Zhi-Feng , Zhu Xin-Gen , Chen Zhi-Hua 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a critical acquired cerebrovascular disease that may cause subarachnoid hemorrhage, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of IA. Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) gene is a tumor suppressor gene associated with both familial and sporadic cancer. Herein, the purpose of our study is to validate effect of Apc gene on IA formation and rupture by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway mediated inflammatory response. Methods: We collected IA specimens (from incarceration of IA) and normal cerebral arteries (from surgery of traumatic brain injury) to examine expression of Apc and the NF-κB signaling pathway related factors (NF-κB p65 and IκBα). ELISA was used to determine levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. IA model was established in rats, and Apc-siRNA was treated to verify effect of Apc on IA formation and rupture. Next, regulation of Apc on the NF-κB signaling pathway was investigated. Results: Reduced expression of Apc and IκBα, and increased expression of NF-κB p65 were found in IA tissues. MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 exhibited higher levels in unruptured and ruptured IA, which suggested facilitated inflammatory responses. In addition, the IA rats injected with Apc-siRNA showed further enhanced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, and up-regulated levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-2, and MMP-9 as well as extent of p65 phosphorylation in IA. Conclusion: Above all, Apc has the potential role to attenuate IA formation and rupture by inhibiting inflammatory response through repressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Standardized Tests and the Diagnosis of Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Fabiano-Smith Leah 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this tutorial is to provide speech-language pathologists with the knowledge and tools to (a) evaluate standardized tests of articulation and phonology and (b) utilize criterion-referenced approaches to assessment in the absence of psychometrically strong standardized tests.

Method
Relevant literature on psychometrics of standardized tests used to diagnose speech sound disorders in children is discussed. Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced approaches to assessment are reviewed, and a step-by-step guide to a criterion-referenced assessment is provided. Published criterion references are provided as a quick and easy resource guide for professionals.

Results
Few psychometrically strong standardized tests exist for the evaluation of speech sound disorders for monolingual and bilingual populations. The use of criterion-referenced testing is encouraged to avoid diagnostic pitfalls.

Discussion
Speech-language pathologists who increase their use of criterion-referenced measures and decrease their use of standardized tests will arrive at more accurate diagnoses of speech sound disorders.
It Might Not Be “Just Artic”: The Case for the Single Sound Error
Authors: Farquharson Kelly 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to explore the ways in which children with mild speech sound disorders (SSDs)—that is, single sound errors—may be at risk for difficulties with phonological awareness, decoding, spelling, and social–emotional well-being.

Conclusions
SSDs comprise a group of children who have difficulty in consistently and correctly producing 1 or more phonemes in their ambient language. Presently, there is a concerning trend with respect to service provision for children who have only a few—or only 1—sounds in error. That is, these children may not receive services at all. This practice is problematic, because it assumes that children with a single sound in error are not at risk for or experiencing any related educational difficulties. However, research supports connections between SSDs, including single sound errors, and decoding, spelling, and social–emotional deficits. This article aims to make the case for the single sound error—sometimes it is not “just artic.” Clinical recommendations for assessment, treatment, and advocacy are included.
A Case Report of Plantar Psoriasis Treated with Homoeopathy
Authors: Rahman Shamsur , Dey Joy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPsoriasis on the hands and feet often appears on the palms and soles that are called palmopantar psoriasis. Treatment in modern medicine uses local and systematic antibiotics. Homoeopathy has mentioned medicines for plantar psoriasis. A case reported was a female of 7 years of age suffering from symptoms of itching, red scaly plaques, eruption with very offensive odour which aggravates at night, burning in both hands and feet which aggravates at night, weight-bearing area of the sole had painful cracking, scaling, swelling and blister. Also, she had burning on both hands and feet which aggravates at night and was diagnosed as plantar psoriasis. The homoeopathic medicine Syphilinum 1000C was prescribed on the basis of totality of symptoms, Materia Medica and miasm. Plantar psoriasis was reduced considerably within 10 days, and it disappeared completely in 2 months 20 days. No recurrence of plantar psoriasis was observed for another 5 years as well. Photographs during follow-up visits have provided as documentary evidence about the effectiveness of homoeopathic medicine Syphilinum 1000C in plantar psoriasis.
Understanding Psychological Conflicts in Patients with Essential Hypertension and Exploring Matching Homoeopathic Remedies
Authors: Patel Neha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEmpirical evidence suggests that anger and anxiety are associated with essential hypertension. This study attempts to unearth not just the psychological conflicts but also the type and quality of conflicts that lead to these emotional factors and to explore homoeopathic remedies matching the conflicts. For instance, internal conflict was seen in all patients with essential hypertension. The type of internal conflict was intrapersonal conflict, and the quality was suppressed anger/hostile impulses or sudden outburst of anger towards persons/things and unacceptable dependency in most patients. Unconscious conflicts expressed as ego-defences also were seen in all patients with essential hypertension, of which somatisation and suppression were seen in most patients. Homoeopathic similimum matching the conflicts helps in enhancing our knowledge of remedies.
Male/Female Differences in the Impact of Caring for Elderly Relatives on Labor Market Attachment and Hours of Work: 1997–2015
Authors: Smith Peter M , Cawley Caroline , Williams Allison , Mustard Cameron 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Using representative samples of the Canadian labor market (N = 5,871,850), this study examined male/female differences in the impact of informal care on labor market attachment, and the extent to which differences in labor market participation and employment relationships explained these differences over a 19-year period.

Methods
We examined four outcomes related to labor market impacts associated with caring for elderly relatives: leaving the labor market, working part-time, taking time off work in the previous week, and the amount of time taken off from work. Regression models examined differences between men and women, and the extent to which gendered labor market roles accounted for these differences.

Results
We observed an increase in all labor market outcomes over the study period. Women were more likely than men to experience each outcome. Adjusting for labor market role variables did not change these estimates appreciably. After adjustment for differences in labor market roles women were 73% more likely to leave the labor market, more than 5 times more likely to work part-time, and twice as likely to take time off in the last week due to informal care. Further, for temporary absences to provide care, women took an average of 160 min more per week than men.

Discussion
Taken together, these results suggest an increasing impact of informal care on labor market participation in Canada between 1997 and 2005, and it remains gendered.
Ten years of experience in lung cancer screening in Gdańsk, Poland: a comparative study of the evaluation and surgical treatment of 14 200 participants of 2 lung cancer screening programmes
Authors: Ostrowski Marcin , Marjański Tomasz , Dziedzic Robert , Jelitto-Górska Małgorzata , Dziadziuszko Katarzyna , Szurowska Edyta , Dziadziuszko Rafał , Rzyman Witold 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The European Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ recommendations confirm the implementation of lung cancer screening in Europe. We compared 2 screening programmes, the Pilot Pomeranian Lung Cancer Screening Programme (pilot study) and the Moltest Bis programme, completed in a single centre.

METHODS
A total of 8649 healthy volunteers (aged 50–75 years, smoking history ≥20 pack-years) were enrolled in a pilot study between 2009 and 2011, and a total of 5534 healthy volunteers (aged 50–79, smoking history ≥30 pack-years) were enrolled in the Moltest Bis programme between 2016 and 2017. Each participant had a low-dose computed tomography scan of the chest. Participants with a nodule diameter of >10 mm or with suspected tumour morphology underwent a diagnostic work-up in the pilot study. In the Moltest Bis programme, the criteria were based on the volume of the detected nodule on the baseline low-dose computed tomography scan and the volume doubling time in the subsequent rounds.

RESULTS
Lung cancer was diagnosed in 107 (1.24%) and 105 (1.90%) participants of the pilot study and of the Moltest Bis programme, respectively (P = 0.002). A total of 300 (3.5%) and 199 (3.6%) patients, respectively, were referred for further invasive diagnostic work-ups (P = 0.69). A total of 125 (1.5%) and 80 (1.5%) patients, respectively, underwent surgical resection (P = 0.74). The number of resected benign lesions was similar: 44 (35.0%) and 20 (25.0%), respectively (P = 0.13), but with a downwards trend. Lobectomies and/or segmentectomies were performed in 84.0% and 90.0% of patients with lung cancer, respectively (P = 0.22). Notably, patients in the Moltest Bis programme underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery more often than did those in the pilot study (72.5% vs 24.0%, P < 0.001). Surgical patients with stages I and II non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounted for 83.4% of the Moltest patients and 86.4% of the pilot study patients (P = 0.44).

CONCLUSIONS
Modified inclusion criteria in the screening programme lead to a higher detection rate of NSCLC. Growing expertise in lung cancer screening leads to increased indications for minimally invasive surgery and an increased proportion of lung-sparing resections. A single-team experience in lung cancer screening does not lead to a major reduction in the rate of diagnostic procedures and operations for non-malignant lesions.
RAPID COMMUNICATION: Residual feed intake in beef cattle is associated with differences in protein turnover and nutrient transporters in ruminal epithelium
Authors: Elolimy Ahmed A , Abdel-Hamied Emad , Hu Liangyu , McCann Joshua C , Shike Daniel W , Loor Juan J 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResidual feed intake (RFI) is a widely used measure of feed efficiency in cattle. Although the precise biologic mechanisms associated with improved feed efficiency are not well-known, most-efficient steers (i.e., with low RFI coefficient) downregulate abundance of proteins controlling protein degradation in skeletal muscle. Whether cellular mechanisms controlling protein turnover in ruminal tissue differ by RFI classification is unknown. The aim was to investigate associations between RFI and signaling through the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in ruminal epithelium. One hundred and forty-nine Red Angus cattle were allocated to 3 contemporary groups according to sex and herd origin. Animals were offered a finishing diet for 70 d to calculate the RFI coefficient for each. Within each group, the 2 most-efficient (n = 6) and least-efficient animals (n = 6) were selected. Compared with least-efficient animals, the most-efficient animals consumed less feed (P &lt; 0.05; 18.36 vs. 23.39 kg/d DMI). At day 70, plasma samples were collected for insulin concentration analysis. Ruminal epithelium was collected immediately after slaughter to determine abundance and phosphorylation status of 29 proteins associated with MTOR, ubiquitin-proteasome, insulin signaling, and glucose and amino acid transport. Among the proteins involved in cellular protein synthesis, most-efficient animals had lower (P ≤ 0.05) abundance of MTOR, p-MTOR, RPS6KB1, EIF2A, EEF2K, AKT1, and RPS6KB1, whereas MAPK3 tended (P = 0.07) to be lower. In contrast, abundance of p-EEF2K, p-EEF2K:EEF2K, and p-EIF2A:EIF2A in most-efficient animals was greater (P ≤ 0.05). Among proteins catalyzing steps required for protein degradation, the abundance of UBA1, NEDD4, and STUB1 was lower (P ≤ 0.05) and MDM2 tended (P = 0.06) to be lower in most-efficient cattle. Plasma insulin and ruminal epithelium insulin signaling proteins did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between RFI groups. However, abundance of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter SLC2A4 and the amino acid transporters SLC1A3 and SLC1A5 also was lower (P ≤ 0.05) in most-efficient cattle. Overall, the data indicate that differences in signaling mechanisms controlling protein turnover and nutrient transport in ruminal epithelium are components of feed efficiency in beef cattle.