bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of Nursing Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Organ Donation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: DORUKER Nihal CELIKTURK , GECIT Sinem , YILMAZ Nilufer DEMIRAL , OZBAYIR Turkan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Nursing students, who will play a significant role in the healthcare team, need to have the necessary knowledge and a positive attitude towards organ donation to increase the number of organ donations. Because nurses have the power to improve society's perception of organ donation, which could have a positive impact on thousands of lives. Purpose of this study examining the knowledge and attitudes of nursing students regarding organ donation.
Methods
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing at a university in western Turkey. The study sample comprised 416 nursing students who volunteered to participate and were enrolled in the 1st to 4th grades. The study utilized the students' sociodemographic and descriptive characteristics form, organ-tissue donation and transplantation knowledge scale, and organ donation attitude scale. The study data was gathered via Google Forms.
Results
In this study, it can be said that nursing students' knowledge about organ donation and transplantation is at an intermediate level and their attitudes towards organ donation are positive. It was determined that as the knowledge of nursing students about organ donation increased, their positive attitudes increased, and their negative attitudes decreased.
Conclusions
As a result of the study, it was found that increasing knowledge about organ donation increased the positive attitude towards organ donation and decreased the negative attitude. It is recommended that an effective education program should be established to increase the knowledge and attitudes of nursing students towards organ donation.
YOLO-GCV: A Lightweight Algorithm for Ship Object Detection in Complex Inland Waterway Environments
Authors: Jin Yang , Wang Ping , Liu Shuwang , Kai Xue , Li Qiuhong , Wang Hao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Lightweight ship detection offers the dual benefits of rapid detection and low computational cost, making it particularly advantageous for inland waterway safety monitoring. This study introduces YOLO-GCV, a lightweight ship detection algorithm based on YOLOv7-tiny. The proposed algorithm strikes an effective balance between detection accuracy and speed. First, the ELAN-Ghost lightweight module is integrated into the backbone network, while VoVGSCSP, another lightweight module, is introduced into the neck to further streamline the model structure. Coordinate convolution is utilized to enhance the model’s ability to capture the spatial features of ship targets. Furthermore, the WIoU loss function is incorporated to improve convergence during training and significantly bolster the model’s generalization capability. Experimental results indicate a 19.2 \(%\) reduction in model parameters and an 18.9$%$ decrease in GFLOPs, with mAP0.5 and mAP0.5:0.95 increasing by 0.8$%$ and 0.5$%$, respectively, over the baseline model. The model achieves a processing rate of approximately 42 images per second, meeting real-time detection requirements. This lightweight ship detection algorithm effectively addresses real-time detection needs in complex inland waterway environments and offers notable advancements in inland navigation safety.
Integrative multi-omic analyses identify candidate targets for celiac disease involving tissue-specific regulation
Authors: Sun Jiazheng , Zeng Yulan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune condition characterized by a reversible inflammatory reaction in the mucous membrane of the small intestine. Nevertheless, there is a limited availability of efficient control approaches. Prior research has demonstrated that pharmacological targets supported by genetic evidence can greatly enhance the efficacy of drug development. Hence, the study aims to integrate transcriptomic and proteomic information to identify candidate targets for CeD.
Methods
The study employed proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of circulating plasma proteins to investigate their causal association with CeD. The candidate targets for CeD were further assessed employing colocalization analysis, transcriptome-wide summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis, multimarker analysis of genomic annotation (MAGMA) gene-based analysis, and bulk RNAseq-based differential expression analysis. For the proteins that were identified, extended Phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) were conducted to assess their side-effect profiles, while the DGIdb database provided information on the approved or investigated drugs for candidate targets.
Results
Systematic MR analysis identified 22 candidate targets for CeD. Among the proteins analyzed, BTN2A1 passed all subsequent verification analyses. Additionally, three proteins, including CatH, IL-18R1, and PTPRC, passed the majority of the subsequent verification analyses. The other 18 proteins were also candidate targets (Trehalase, CD226, SH2B3, ICOSLG, ULK3, Park7, ALDH2, RABEP1, TNFRSF9, COL11A2, GNPDA1, IL-1RL1, B3galt6, TNFSF11, CCL21, BTN3A3, OLFM2 and Colipase).
Conclusions
The study employed a combination of human transcriptomic and proteomic information, employing several analytical methods. As a result, 22 proteins, divided into four tiers, were identified as prospective therapeutic targets for CeD.
Ecosystem Service Delivery by Urban Agriculture as a Nature-Based Solution (NBS): Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Gharibi Shiva , Shayesteh Kamran , Rastkhadiv Arman 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To prevent the worst impacts of climate change, Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs), by maintaining and creating Urban Green Infrastructures (UGIs), can be used. Urban agriculture, as a UGI, is widely accepted as an NBS by providing a wide range of ecosystem services (ES), including Food production, wildlife Habitat, a sense of place and Educational opportunities, Nitrogen fixation, Flood reduction, Improving water quality, Local climate regulation, and Carbon storage and sequestration. This study aimed to investigate the potential of carbon storage and sequestration ES by urban agriculture (croplands) in the Hamadan urban area. First, the UGI map was prepared, and agricultural lands were extracted. Then, a stratified random sampling was used (120 sampling points). Soil sampling (plot 1×1 m), at a depth of 0–30 cm, was conducted, dried (at 105 ° C/48 hours), and analyzed for total carbon content by dry combustion method (550°C/2 hours). Grass and litter samples were harvested (plot 1×1 m), oven-dried (at 65 ° C/48 hours), and heated (at 115°C/24 hours). The results showed that the average carbon sequestration potential by soil, grass cover, and litter was 104.88, 4.96, and 0.27 t/ha, respectively. Potato (181 t/ha) and corn (58.8 t/ha) cultivation had the highest and lowest soil carbon sequestration values, respectively. Also, Flax grass cover has the highest carbon sequestration potential (14.33 t/ha), and tomato plants as a grass cover have the lowest potential (0.3 t/ha). The highest potential of carbon sequestration from the point of view of total soil and grass cover is for potato, flax, garlic, vegetable, abandoned, pea, fallow, wheat, tomato, cucumber, rapeseed, and corn, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that urban agriculture can be an NBS for providing carbon sequestration ES.
Unifying Subicular Function: A Predictive Map Approach
Authors: Bennett Lauren , de Cothi William , Muessig Laurenz , Rodrigues Fabio Ribeiro , Cacucci Francesca , Wills Thomas , Sun Yanjun , Giocomo Lisa , Lever Colin , Poulter Steven , Barry Caswell 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The successor representation has emerged as a powerful model for understanding mammalian navigation and memory; explaining the spatial coding properties of hippocampal place cells and entorhinal grid cells. However, the diverse spatial responses of subicular neurons, the primary output of the hippocampus, have eluded a unified account. Here, we demonstrate that incorporating rodent behavioural biases into the successor representation successfully reproduces the heterogeneous activity patterns of subicular neurons. This framework accounts for the emergence of boundary and corner cells; neuronal types absent in upstream hippocampal regions. We provide evidence that subicular firing patterns are more accurately described by the successor representation than a purely spatial or boundary vector cell model of subiculum. Our work offers a unifying theory of subicular function that positions the subiculum, more than other hippocampal regions, as a predictive map of the environment.
The visual representation of misinformation in the news
Authors: Al-Rawi Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This exploratory descriptive study examines the visual representation of misinformation in the news, partly relying on the automated labels associated with online and broadcast news such as OCR, face sentiments, labels, and logos detection. The findings of the study show that online and TV news organizations show varied amounts of attention in using misinformation-related terms to visually discuss events and issues, for CNN comes ahead in the US followed by MSNBC and Fox News. In terms of online news, The Daily Mail in the UK is the most active in visually covering misinformation. Many news organizations around the world are using the English language visual mark “Fake news” and related ones to fact check or discredit other sources of information. The study identifies other patterns of visual news coverage including sentiments associated with some political leaders and political polarization around issues related to misinformation such as COVID-19.
Epidemiology of TB screening among adults aged 18-64 years in South Africa in 2020
Authors: Tshuma Ndumiso , Malahlela Mokgadi , Mfundisi Mabalane , Simelane Xoliswa , Mbele-Khama Sheila , Mabusa Nickey , Raisibe Tshepang , Moyo Clinton , Ngbede Elakpa Daniel , Dlamini Sinothando , Ndhlovu Tshepo M , Ximiya Phumlani , Chadyiwa Martha , Mashau Ntsieni 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a public health issue of concern in South Africa. The study aims to investigate the epidemiology of TB screening among people aged 18-64 years in South Africa.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study with a study population of 132 adults in 6 provinces in South Africa. Data was collected through an online questionnaire. Outcome variable was self-reported TB screening within the past year. Descriptive statistics, multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine prevalence and factors associated with TB screening, p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results
A third 37(38%) participants reported to have been screened for TB. Factors such as gender (AOR 1.54; p=0.490), participants in the age group 26-45 (AOR 7.80; p=0.010), Ever been tested for TB (AOR 23.17; p=0.000), and TB testing yearly (AOR 21.69; p=0.000) were positively associated with TB screening. Participants that had information on TB (AOR 0.20, p=0.031), and those who seek healthcare services (AOR 0.28, p=0.035) were significantly less likely to report TB screening.
Conclusion
Only a quarter of adults aged 18-64 in South Africa had been screened for TB, with significant associations observed for age, gender, previous TB screening, and recent TB testing. The structural barriers and the need for comprehensive, person-centered screening strategies to meet the WHO's 90% target are needed. The study recommends understanding the low utilization of health services, capacity building for healthcare providers, increasing awareness of TB symptoms, and conducting research on comprehensive TB screening approaches.
Mapping Current Services for Frequent Users of the Emergency Department in England
Authors: Saraiva Sonia , Lee William , Welsh Kate , Feltz-Cornelis Christina Van der , Pilkington Gerlinde , Ariss Steven , Burton Christopher , Mason Suzanne , Guthrie Elspeth 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background Frequent attendance at emergency departments (EDs) is a growing concern in the United Kingdom (UK), with about 2.5% of visitors accounting for approximately 10% of all ED attendances, leading to significant healthcare costs. Frequent users often face complex health issues, including high rates of multimorbidity. Despite various interventions aimed at reducing these visits, evidence from randomized controlled trials remains limited. The aim of this study was to better characterise current services in England for frequent users of the emergency department.Methods A regular national survey of liaison psychiatry services attached to all 171 acute hospitals in England was used to identify local frequent user services. The survey included questions about the existence and details of frequent user services at each hospital. Following data collection, the team categorized responses and selected 20 representative services for in-depth study, interviewing clinicians using a framework designed to describe healthcare organizations, focusing on capacity, organizational structure, financial mechanisms, patient characteristics, and care processes. Results: The survey had a 100% response. 157 acute hospitals (92%) were served by some form of service for frequent users. 81 hospitals (48%) reported frequent user services with dedicated staff time, 76 hospitals (44%) operated case management meetings but without designated staff, 14 hospitals reported no services for frequent users. Interviews conducted with 20 sites highlighted great variability amongst services on nearly all parameters including staffing levels, entry criteria, caseload, types of intervention and funding. Community-led services typically employed more staff and offered holistic, non-clinical social interventions compared to hospital-based services, which were more focused on case management meetings and psychological support/interventions.Conclusions The study revealed significant heterogeneity in services for frequent users of emergency departments. There is a need for clarity on intervention thresholds, types of interventions, and effective methods for evaluating outcomes to improve the consistency and effectiveness of these services to guide decision-making.
Markets For Children: International Adoptions, IVF, and U.S. Foster Care
Authors: Murugesan Anand , Innes Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The likelihood that a child in U.S. foster care is adopted depends upon alternatives available to parents. We analyzed a child-level panel from 1998 to 2004, when international adoptions peaked in the US, to estimate the effect of international adoptions and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) on adoption probabilities for foster children, focusing on infants and toddlers. Using granular data on the adopted children's country of origin and placement state, we identify the impact of international adoptions with a shift-share instrument. We find that international adoptions have significant and robust negative effects on foster adoptions, while the estimated effects of ART births are smaller and sensitive to model specification.
JEL Classifications: I38, J13, J18
Magnitude of Acute Otitis Media, Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns of Nasopharyngeal Isolates in Children Receiving Care in Moshi Municipality
Authors: Kayuza Michael P. , Mwakyoma Adam A. , Mlay Kenneth J. , Mtenga Philbert P. , Mchaile Deborah N. , Chussi Desderius C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute otitis media (AOM) is among the most common paediatric diseases and a leading cause of morbidity in children. Common etiologic pathogens include non-typable Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Moraxella catarrhalis among others. Evidence shows an increase in cases of antimicrobial resistance when treating for AOM in children, which could be attributed to high rates of empirical treatment for cases of AOM without a clear microbial picture of the otopathogens responsible for the condition.
Aim
This study aimed at determining the magnitude of AOM as well as the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of nasopharyngeal isolates in children with AOM receiving care at hospitals in Moshi Municipality
Methods
Multi-centre cross-sectional study, carried out between September 2023 to February 2024 at the 4 study sites in the outpatient departments. Children under the age of 5 years presenting with AOM during the study period were enrolled. An interview was conducted with parents/caregivers followed by clinical assessment of the children. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from each of these patients and sent to the laboratory for bacterial culture and sensitivity. Data was analysed using SPSS v22.
Results
A total of 117 children were enrolled in the study from 420 children receiving care during the study period, making a magnitude of AOM was 27.9% with children between 13 to 24 months of age being the most susceptible. Common isolated pathogens included S. pyogenes, E. coli, Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Amikacin, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin and Tazobactam/Piperacillin had the highest rates of susceptibility while Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid showed high levels of resistance.
Conclusion
Magnitude of AOM among children is 27.9%. Bacterial pathogens isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs are different from the common etiologic bacteria seen in AOM which could be due to good vaccination coverage of PCV and Pentavalent. Non susceptibility to the commonly used antibiotics indicates the growing rate of antimicrobial resistance. Better pathogen-tailored therapy needs to be implemented to help curb this burden, as well as further investigations on the rising etiologic pathogen
Influence of grinding parameters on removal depth of 42CrMo steel and its prediction in robot electro-hydraulic-actuated abrasive belt grinding
Authors: Shi Dequan , Xu Youen , Zeng Xiongyawei , Zhang Huajun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The influences of revolution speed, feed speed, grinding force and grit designation on the material removal depth (MRD) and surface Vickers hardness of 42CrMo steel were investigated by using an adaptive electro-hydraulic-actuated triangular abrasive belt in robot grinding. A predictive model for MRD of 42CrMo steel has been established using the orthogonal central composite design method. The results indicated that as the revolution speed or grinding increases, both MRD and surface hardness increase. However, as the revolution speed surpasses 4000 RPM or the grinding force exceeds 60 N, the increase of MRD becomes slower due to the increase of surface hardness. Both the MRD and surface hardness decrease continuously as the feed speed increases, and once it exceeds 15 mm⸱s-1, the decrease of the MRD becomes slow. The rise in grit designation of abrasive belt makes the MRD reduces gradually while the surface hardness rises slightly. The correlation coefficient of the predictive model is 0.9387, and the relative error between the predicted and experimental MRD is within 10%, indicating a relatively high accuracy. At the optimal grinding parameters (grinding force of 81 N, revolution speed of 4739 RPM, and feed speed of 7.6 mm·s-1), the maximum MRD of 42CrMo steel achieved by an abrasive belt of 60 grit designation is 0.934 mm. This work provides a basis for high-precision robot abrasive belt grinding of 42CrMo steel.
Age-Related Changes in Brain Network Modularity Based on the Dynamic Sliding Window Subnetwork Voting Method
Authors: Liu Jianxi , Xia Nannan , Huang Mingcong , Linli Zeqiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

An understanding of the modular structure of brain functional networks and their changes with age is beneficial in uncovering the neural mechanisms that underlie cognitive decline during the ageing process. Compared to simpler networks, such as social networks, the execution of brain functions always depends on extensive interactions among multiple brain regions, which complicates the detection of accurate, stable, and physiologically meaningful community structures. However, although previous work has focused on the modular organization of the brain, there has been insufficient research on its specific dynamic changes and how these evolve with age. In this case, this paper investigates the modular structure of human brain functional networks and their dynamic changes across different age groups, revealing the impact of aging on brain network functionality. Firstly, we constructed brain networks using a dynamic sliding window subnetwork voting method. Further, this paper, based on public datasets and the Girvan-Newman (GN) community detection algorithm, effectively divided the community structure of brain networks and calculated modularity. It focused on analyzing the brain network characteristics of 439 participants under resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The results of the variance analysis indicate significant differences in modularity across different age groups. The brain networks of younger participants exhibited pronounced modular characteristics and higher efficiency in information processing. In contrast, older participants displayed a significant reduction in modularity, reflecting a trend towards functional integration. These changes are closely related to the decline in cognitive abilities and the degeneration of neural connections.
Heat and Mass Transfer in Ternary Nanofluids Flowing Over a Stretching Sheet in Porous Media: Effects of Thermal Buoyancy and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Chandrakala P. , Srinivasa V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The effects of mass and heat transport in ternary nanofluids flowing across a stretching sheet through porous media are examined in this paper. Using convective boundary conditions, the analysis focused on incorporating the thermal buoyancy, magnetic field, thermal radiation, ananofluid comprises water-based Cu, Al2O3, and Ag nanoparticles. Using the appropriate transformations, the governing PDEs are transformed into nonlinear ODEs. It employs similarity transformations to convert governing partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are numerically solved using the bvp4c solver in MATLAB. This study offers a comparative analysis involving ternary (Cu + Al2O3 + Ag), binary (Cu + Al2O3) and monophasic (Cu) nanoparticle configurations suspended in water (H2O). The results revealed that the greater the dissipation coefficient (Ec) was, the greater the velocity and temperature and the lower the nanoconcentration. The surface drag, Nu and Sh decrease with increasing Ec. The lower the molecular diffusivity is, the lower the velocity, temperature, and concentration. This innovative study exploring the effects of heat and mass transfer in ternary nanofluids flowing through a porous medium over a stretching sheet has significant potential for application in various fields, such as biomedical engineering and renewable energy technologies, to increase the performance of solar collectors and geothermal systems through the improved heat transfer capabilities of nanofluids.