bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consonant co-occurrence restrictions in Modern Hebrew
Authors: Yeverechyahu Hadas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paper presents consonant co-occurrence restrictions in Hebrew, focusing on the influence of the similarity factor. A lexical analysis of Hebrew verbs reveals tendency to avoid similar, close consonants, by showing a highly significant correlation (p<0.0001) between co-occurrence of C1-C2 sequences in the lexicon and similarity factors (based on Frisch et al.’s 2004 model for similarity, adjusted to Hebrew). In other words, the more two consonants are similar to each other, the smaller their chances are to co-occur as C1-C2 in a Hebrew verb. In addition, a major role of place of articulation is observed, such that consonants that share major place of articulation are less likely to co-occur. However, the highly significant correlation between co-occurrences and similarity factors suggests that not only major place of articulation affects the restrictions; otherwise we would wrongly predict no effect in non-homorganic pairs.
Modern Hebrew stress
Authors: Bat-El Outi , Cohen Evan-Gary , Silber-Varod Vered 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paper provides a comprehensive description of the phonology and phonetics of Hebrew stress. The distribution of the stress patterns draws a categorial distinction between verbs and nouns, and enhances the typologically uncommon disparity between the most common pattern (final stress) and the default pattern (penultimate stress). As the acoustic studies reveal, the main cue for Hebrew stress is duration, though the duration contrast is eliminated between a phrase final unstressed syllable and the preceding stressed syllable. A second important result of the acoustic studies is that there is no evidence for secondary stress.
The state of stop–fricative alternation in Modern Hebrew
Authors: Albert Aviad 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The stops [p, b, k] often alternate with respective fricatives [f, v, χ] in Modern Hebrew (MH). This general pattern was designed to follow the spirantization process of Biblical Hebrew as it was depicted in the Masoretic orthography. While this orthography is retained in MH, its phonological infrastructure is very different from that of Biblical Hebrew, and it cannot support a phonological process of spirantization. This problematic state of affairs has been a source of confusion for many language users, as well as a source of interest for many language researchers. This paper overviews the current state of affairs with respect to the stop-fricative alternation in MH, emphasizing cases of systematic stability and instability. The apparent patterns seem to reflect speakers’ limited yet impressive ability to recruit their native knowledge of morphology and orthography to generalize a pseudo-phonological rule.
Gutturals in General Israeli Hebrew
Authors: Faust Noam 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Modern Hebrew is written with the traditional Hebrew orthography, which contains several symbols that refer to guttural sounds. However, the pronunciations corresponding to these symbols in Modern Hebrew are not phonetically guttural. This paper is an exhaustive survey of these realizations. It shows that in many cases, there are reasons to think that even though no sound is produced, there is an underlying segment in the position of the historical guttural, and this segment behaves in a predictable manner. That said, alongside this general pattern, there are some effects related to historical gutturals that must be regarded as morpheme-specific, as well as some idiosyncrasies of the different original gutturals.
Loanword phonology in Modern Hebrew
Authors: Cohen Evan-Gary 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The phonology of loanwords often differs from the phonology of native words in various aspects. These differences are evident in the prosodic structure and even the segmental inventory. The differences between the loanword and native phonology, however, are not necessarily stable, and it is often the case that what originated as phonological structures in loanwords which were illicit in the native vocabulary eventually overrode the native norm, bringing about diachronic change to the phonology of the native words. Hebrew is no exception in this respect. The stress system of loanwords differs from that of native words, with the latter’s system undergoing changes inter alia due to the effect of loanwords (e.g. ante-penultimate stress, immobile stress patterns). The licit syllable structure inventory of native Hebrew words has been expanded to include loaned structures (e.g. complex codas, triconsonantal structures), and the phonemic inventory of Hebrew now includes several consonants originating in loanwords (e.g. ʒ and d͡ʒ).
The Phonology of connected speech in Israeli Hebrew
Authors: Bolozky Shmuel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Connected speech is a natural, continuous stream of sounds, as in normal conversation, in which natural phonetically-motivated processes optimize articulation (through assimilation, elision, etc.), but are still constrained by the need to maintain morpho-semantic transparency at the receiving end. This paper discusses connected speech in Israeli Hebrew, based mostly on data from a spoken corpus. The paper starts with consonant assimilation (voicing assimilation and total assimilation), and then concentrates on various reduction phenomena: vowel elision or reduction, elision of consonants (with or without adjacent vowels), and the “expanded” elision of multiple segments and even complete morphemes and words. As long as the entity targeted is frequent enough, it can easily be reconstructed from the context by the hearer. We proceed to discuss prosodic phenomena in connected speech: pre-tonic lengthening, whose scope seems to be expanding today, and rhythmic secondary stress alternation.
Roots of Restraint in War: The Capacities and Limits of Law and the Critical Role of Social Agency in Ameliorating Violence in Armed Conflict
Authors: Stephens Dale 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
International humanitarian law (ihl) primarily applies to govern the conduct of individuals in the most desperate time of human endeavour, namely armed conflict, in order to ameliorate violence. However, understanding how ihl is disseminated, trained and actually applied in the battlespace is, remarkably, a relatively underexplored area. There are countless volumes dedicated to analyzing and parsing the myriad of words and formulas that comprise this burgeoning body of law. However, there is very little empirical analysis undertaken on effective training strategies and even less on tracking nuanced compliance and decision-making processes in actual armed conflict. Against this background, the 2018 icrc study ‘The Roots of Restraint in War’ offers an insightful account of how to best frame training strategies and how to optimize compliance in the battlespace. It consciously adopts an inter-disciplinary approach. It accepts fully the role of social, ethical and moral factors that can orientate decision making in a manner that combines with the applicable law. The goal is restraint in war, of a type that comes not from clinical compliance with complex legal formulas and interpretative rectitude but is derived from a deeper sense of professional self-identity. It acknowledges the risks inherent in its approach and yet, compellingly, offers a blueprint for melding principles of ihl with a sense of personal commitment. Such an approach is to be celebrated for the audacity and courage that it exhibits.
A model of the origin of Kra-Dai tones
Authors: SAGART Laurent 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper finds origins for the three Kra-Dai tones in the segmental endings of Proto-Southern Austronesian, the parent language of Kra-Dai and Malayo-Polynesian. The Kra-Dai A category originates in sonorant endings (vowels, semi-vowels, nasals, liquids) and in Proto-Austronesian *-H2, reconstructed by Tsuchida (1976); the B category in *-R and in *-X, a hitherto not reconstructed ending reflected as -h in Amis and in the Bisayan language Aklanon; the C category, in Proto-Austronesian *-H1, reconstructed by Tsuchida. The tonal outcomes of *-s and *-S are described. Kra-Dai sonorant endings in tone C are argued to come from hypothetical Austronesian prototypes in which a sonorant ending was followed by *-s, a suffix of unknown function. Although the present model does not require Kra-Dai to be a daughter of Proto-Austronesian, the building blocks for Kra-Dai tones are shown to be in place during the Formosan phase of Austronesian phonological history.
Lexical Variation among South Florida’s Judeo-Spanish-speaking Sephardim
Authors: Kirschen Bryan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study implements the Leipzig-Jakarta list as a word-elicitation task among speakers (n=20) of Judeo-Spanish in South Florida. Data demonstrate that while entirely different lexemes may be used to express similar meanings for a given token, variation is most demonstrable through phonological processes. An analysis of responses (n=2,000) reveals variation and innovation in the production of vowels (mid-vowel raising, apheresis, prothesis), consonants (de/voicing or palatalization of sibilants, preservation of etymological f–, metathesis), and stress (proparoxytonic vs. oxytonic). Data also reveal that of the basic lexicon in Judeo-Spanish (e.g., function words, body parts, living creatures, etc.), only 5% is of non-Hispanic origin. In addition, this study examines the sociolinguistic organization of Sephardim in South Florida, accounting for the vitality and endangerment of Judeo-Spanish in this diasporic community, while also exemplifying the linguistic ramifications of contact with other languages.
La modernità nel teatro egiziano: l’esempio di Naǧīb al-Rīḥānī
Authors: Suriano Alba Rosa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Arab modernity, in theatre, is characterized by the foundational discourse that grew out of the encounter with European theatre and culture. Traditional types of dramatic representation, some even going back to the pre-Islamic period, were largely neglected by authors and critics, between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. They preferred to overlook the influence of popular Arabic theatre and reconnect to the ‘Italian’ theatre. Egyptian playwrights imported the structure of the plays, but they adapted it to the Arabic social context and used it for their own cultural project. This study deals with the themes, the reference samples and the characters, in their relationships with the Egyptian cultural field. After a presentation of the major models in the modern Arab theatre, I will focus on Naǧīb al-Rīḥānī in order to investigate which were the paradigmatic references and characters for one of the main actor and playwright of Egyptian modernity.
Unowned Free-Roaming Domestic Cats: Reflection of Animal Welfare and Ethical Aspects in Animal Laws in Six European Countries
Authors: Natoli Eugenia , Ziegler Nadja , Dufau Agnés , Pinto Teixeira Maria 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Besides the population of pet cats, another feline population that has regular and frequent relationships with the human population, is represented by unowned, free-roaming domestic cats. It is incontestable that part of human beings is responsible for the growing number of unwanted cats. The problems raised by the existence of free-roaming cat population range from acoustic and hygienic nuisance (because of loud vocalizations during the breeding season and bad smell due to sprayed urine from tomcats) to public health threat (because of the potential spread of zoonotic diseases and of diseases to pet cats and other species), to predation of wildlife (it can cause disruption of ecosystems). Undoubtedly, unowned free-roaming cat population has to be managed but, in the third millennium, human control strategies have to have an ethical dimension. In this paper, we propose an analysis of the National Laws in France, Spain, UK, Austria, Portugal and Italy. Based on the knowledge of domestic cat behavior, we suggest that when the TNR strategy for controlling domestic cat populations is applied by law in the mentioned countries, the basic needs and welfare of the species are respected.
A new species of Micropodabrus Pic from Hainan, China, and a new name to replace M. coomani (Pic) (Coleoptera, Cantharidae)
Authors: YANG YU-XIA , YANG XING-KE 
Published: July 2019

The genus Micropodabrus was proposed by Pic (1920), with M. obscurus Pic as the type species, but received no additional attention until Wittmer’s (1982) revision. Later Wittmer systematically studied the faunas of the Himalaya (1983), China and adjacent regions (Wittmer, 1988), and Taiwan (Wittmer, 1995). In 1997, Wittmer synonymized two genera, Fissocantharis Pic (1921) and Kandyosilis Pic (1929), and made Micropodabrus a much larger genus. Until now, this genus had 170 species restricted to Oriental region, of which 72 species were distributed in southern China. In this study, we report a distinctive new species, Micropodabrus imparicornis sp. nov. from Hainan, where no cantharid species was previously recorded. Also, we correct a homonym, that is, Micropodabrus coomani (Pic, 1935) which was transferred from Kandyosilis by Wittmer (1989), is now a homonym of M. coomani (Pic, 1920); the proposed replacement name is M. wittmeri nom. nov.
Make We Merry More and Less
Authors: Gray Douglas 
Published: July 2019

Conceived as a companion volume to the well-received Simple Forms: Essays on Medieval English Popular Literature (2015), Make We Merry More and Less is a comprehensive anthology of popular medieval literature from the twelfth century onwards. Uniquely, the book is divided by genre, allowing readers to make connections between texts usually presented individually.
This anthology offers a fruitful exploration of the boundary between literary and popular culture, and showcases an impressive breadth of literature, including songs, drama, and ballads. Familiar texts such as the visions of Margery Kempe and the Paston family letters are featured alongside lesser-known works, often oral. This striking diversity extends to the language: the anthology includes Scottish literature and original translations of Latin and French texts.
The illuminating introduction offers essential information that will enhance the reader’s enjoyment of the chosen texts. Each of the chapters is accompanied by a clear summary explaining the particular delights of the literature selected and the rationale behind the choices made. An invaluable resource to gain an in-depth understanding of the culture of the period, this is essential reading for any student or scholar of medieval English literature, and for anyone interested in folklore or popular material of the time.
The book was left unfinished at Gray's death; it is here edited by Jane Bliss.
Month-to-Month Variability of Winter Temperature over Northeast China Linked to Sea Ice over the Davis Strait–Baffin Bay and the Barents–Kara Sea
Authors: Dai Haixia , Fan Ke , Liu Jiping 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study focuses on the month-to-month variability of winter temperature anomalies over Northeast China (NECTA), especially the out-of-phase change between December and January–February (colder than normal in December and warmer than normal in January–February, and vice versa), which accounts for 30% of the past 37 years (1980–2016). Our analysis shows that the variability of sea ice concentration (SIC) in the preceding November over the Davis Strait–Baffin Bay (SIC_DSBB) mainly affects NECTA in December, whereas the SIC over the Barents–Kara Sea (SIC_BKS) significantly impacts NECTA in January–February. A possible reason for the different effects of SIC_DSBB and SIC_BKS on NECTA is that the month-to-month increments (here called DM) of SIC over these two areas between October and November are different. A smaller DM of SIC_DSBB in November can generate eastward-propagating Rossby waves toward East Asia, whereas a larger DM of SIC_BKS can affect upward-propagating stationary Rossby waves toward the stratosphere in November. Less than normal SIC_DSBB in November corresponds to a negative phase of the sea surface temperature tripole pattern over the North Atlantic, which contributes to a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like geopotential height anomalies via the eddy-feedback mechanism, ultimately favoring cold conditions over Northeast China. However, positive November SIC_BKS anomalies can suppress upward-propagating Rossby waves that originate from the troposphere in November, strengthening the stratospheric polar vortex and leading to a positive phase of an Arctic Oscillation (AO)-like pattern in the stratosphere. Subsequently, these stratospheric anomalies propagate downward, causing the AO-like pattern in the troposphere in January–February, favoring warm conditions in Northeast China, and vice versa.
Uncertainties of GPM Microwave Imager Precipitation Estimates Related to Precipitation System Size and Intensity
Authors: Adhikari Abishek , Liu Chuntao , Hayden Lindsey 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe uncertainties in the version 5 Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) precipitation retrievals are evaluated via comparison with the radar–radiometer (so-called “Combined”) retrievals between 40°S and 40°N. Results show the precipitation estimates are close (~7% GMI overestimation) globally. However, some specific regions, such as central Africa, the Amazon, the Himalayan region, and the tropical eastern Pacific, show a large overestimation (up to 50%) in GMI retrievals when compared to Combined retrievals. The uncertainties are further evaluated based on precipitation system properties, such as size and intensity of the system. GMI tends to underestimate precipitation volume when the system is relatively warm (&gt;250 K) and small (&lt;200 km2) due to the lack of ice scattering signatures. However, for large systems (&gt;2000 km2), GMI-derived precipitation is typically higher than Combined over all surfaces. Based on the system properties, a simple bias correction methodology is proposed to implement in the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF) to reduce GMI biases. GMI precipitation volume is adjusted in each precipitation system based on the size and minimum 89 GHz polarization-corrected temperature (PCT) over land and ocean separately. The overall GMI bias is reduced to 3%, with significant improvement over land. The GMI biases (up to 50%) over the previously mentioned regions are significantly or partially removed, becoming less than 20%. This method also shows effectiveness in removing zonal and seasonal biases from GMI estimates. These results suggest the importance of utilizing the information of whole precipitation systems instead of individual pixels in the precipitation retrieval.
Towards Re-engineering of the Ship of the Indian State: An Agenda for Dialogue and Research
Authors: Kumar Saurabh 
Published: July 2019

The soft Indian State has become flabby as well—a labyrinth of sorts—as a result of piece-meal additions of institutions and structures over the years, resulting in sub-optimal functioning. Below potential outcomes abound at the micro-level. The macro-picture is not so dismal but even there, the well-founded systemic ‘checks and balances’ of a democracy frequently take a dysfunctional form—of (unintended) logjams. The (legitimate) liberal pre-occupation with (due) process is unable to accord commensurate attention to performance (outcomes). The problem is aggravated, of course, by the absence of judicious exercise of responsibility by key players in the national polity. This Note abstracts from that, and other, human failing(s) or those of governance. It seeks to address the conundrum on the structural plane—questing for possibilities of overcoming the ‘decelerating’ impact of the many ‘speed-breakers’ that have come into play over time through an argument for a revisiting of the ‘structuration and apparatuses’ of the State focused on ‘functionality’. A review of the record of the Republic, in other words, aimed at perking up the plural polity in a strategic, ‘systems’ perspective, and shoring up the politico-managerial component of the ‘comprehensive national power’ of the Indian State. To make it more purposive and efficacious by cutting down on ‘organizational slack’. A ‘strategic dialogue’ between three key constituencies of the polity is proposed. For enabling sharper delineation of the strategic political interests of the State and better management of the polity. And for fleshing out an agenda for structural reform accordingly. There is a time crunch operational which this arm-chair exercise has to be mindful of. Three major tipping points kick into play within a few decades from now—reversal of the (currently) favourable demography of the country, possibility/likelihood of calamitous climate change and (as yet unpredictable but likely wrenching) impact (on socio-political stability) of the disruption being wrought by digital and other advanced technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution globally, AI above all. Attention to ‘State-building’—state-craft—as a facet of nation-building, in other words. Conscious of the need to hasten execution of the enlightened, egalitarian founding agenda of the Republic before its centenary mid-century. And with a mindful eye on the People’s Republic of China, the only real peer of the Indian State in the comity of nations.
The experiences of family members witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative: An adapted meta-narrative literature review
Authors: Pettifer Annie , Froggatt Katherine , Hughes Sean 
Published: July 2019

Background: Addressing the concerns of family members is an important aspect of palliative and end-of-life care. One aspect that commonly causes family caregivers concern is the decline of patients’ oral fluid intake in the last few days of life. Aim: To map the narratives in which family members’ experiences of witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative have been researched, review the findings within each narrative and consider directions for future research. Design: An adapted meta-narrative review approach. Data Sources: The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Applied Health Literature, Medline, PsycINFO, Psycharticles and Scopus databases were searched for relevant research published between January 1982 and December 2017. Quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment and Review Instrument. Results: A total of 22 papers met the inclusion criteria. No study focused specifically on the experiences of family members when witnessing the diminishing drinking of dying relatives. However, research about diminishing drinking was identified within studies broadly focusing on cancer cachexia, clinical decision-making about hydration and/or nutrition and support in a hospice context. The research indicates that family members’ experiences of diminishing drinking vary with their views about the significance of drinking, dying well and their expectations of themselves and healthcare professionals. Conclusion: While some understanding of the topic can be inferred from research in related areas, there is a paucity of information specifically about family members’ experiences when witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative.