bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Staff Involvement in End-of-Life Decision-Making for Long-Term Care Residents with Dementia
Authors: Sutherland Nisha , Wiersma Elaine , Vangel Paula 
Published: February 2019

RÉSUMÉBien que le personnel infirmier (autorisé et auxiliaire) et de soutien à la personne des centres de soins de longue durée (CSLD) fournisse des soins directs aux résidents atteints de démence, son implication est rarement considérée dans la prise de décisions en fin de vie. L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner les obstacles et les facilitateurs à la participation du personnel des CSLD dans la prise de décisions liées à la fin de vie chez les personnes atteintes de démence sévère. Nous présentons les obstacles rencontrés en matière de participation à cette prise de décision pour ces travailleurs. Un design descriptif interprétatif a permis de mettre en évidence quatre principaux obstacles liés à la participation du personnel dans la prise de décisions : a) la prédominance d’un modèle de soins biomédical, b) les divergences dans la compréhension de l’approche palliative, c) la complexité des relations avec les familles, et d) le malaise associé aux discussions concernant le décès. Les résultats suggèrent que le modèle biomédical, qui est important et prédominant dans les CSLD, devrait s’inspirer d’une approche philosophique mettant davantage l’accent sur les relations entre les résidents atteints de démence, leur famille et le personnel.
High burden of co-morbidity and mortality among severely malnourished children admitted to outpatient therapeutic programme facilities in the conflict setting of Borno, Nigeria: a retrospective review
Authors: Chamla Dick , Oladeji Olusola , Maduanusi Ifeanyi , Mele Sule , Mshelia Helni , Safi Naqibullah 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo present evidence on the burden and outcomes of co-morbidities among severely malnourished (SAM) children admitted to outpatient therapeutic programme (OTP) facilities in the conflict setting of Borno, Nigeria.DesignRetrospective medical chart review.SettingFacility-based study.ParticipantsChildren aged 6–59 months with SAM enrolled in OTP between June and November 2016 whose medical records were analysed. Only pneumonia and diarrhoea were examined due to data limitations. Stata software was used for descriptive, multivariate and survival analyses.ResultsRecords of 396 children with median age of 15 months were identified and analysed from the date of enrolment to exit from OTP. Mean length of stay in OTP was 61d, with co-infected SAM children having shorter stay (P=0·006). Of the total, 148 (37·4 %) had at least one co-morbidity (pneumonia or diarrhoea), of which thirty-nine (26·4 %) had both. Cumulative rate of mortality during follow-up time was 9·5 (95 % CI 6·0, 15·1) per 10 000 child-days; SAM children with co-morbidities were ten times more likely to die than those without (hazard ratio=10·2; 95 % CI 3·4, 31·0). In multivariable analysis, co-morbidity (P=0·01), oedema (P=0·003), dehydration (P=0·02) and weight on admission (P=0·01) were associated with mortality. Both recovery and defaulter rates (57·8 and 36·1 %, respectively) did not meet SPHERE standards.ConclusionsChildren with SAM and co-morbidities are less likely to survive, presenting a significant barrier in improving child survival. The findings call for integrated OTP models that incorporate clinical algorithms and ensure prompt referral for SAM children with co-morbidity.
E-Commerce in South Korean FTAs: Policy Priorities and Provisional Inconsistencies
Authors: KIM EVAN Y. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe e-commerce chapters in South Korea's Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) cover a wide range of issues, ranging from non-discrimination to electronic signatures. Across the agreements, the country's provisions on consumer protection, paperless trading, and data protection are uniquely consistent, while those on other issues are not. With the aid of a framework (Framer v. Follower) that captures the dynamics of bilateral negotiations, this paper argues that in Korea's case, the more consistent a particular set of provisions is portfolio-wide, the more likely it was for Korea to have prioritized the relevant issue and actively pushed its preferred terms in the FTAs.
Social security and retirement timing: evidence from a national sample of teachers
Authors: Morrill Melinda Sandler , Westall John 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study documents an important role for Social Security income in workers’ retirement timing. About 40% of public school teachers are not covered by Social Security. This provides an opportunity to analyze the causal impact of Social Security on retirement timing by comparing covered and non-covered teachers. Using individual-level data from the American Community Survey, we find robust evidence of higher rates of retirement among covered teachers at Social Security eligibility ages. This pattern is confirmed using an alternative regression model of participation in the teacher labor force. These estimates suggest that, should the federal government mandate full inclusion in Social Security for all public sector workers, the retirement timing patterns of newly covered teachers and other public sector workers would likely change.
Distress and self-care among chaplains working in palliative care
Authors: White Kelsey B. , Murphy Patricia E. , Jeuland Jane , Fitchett George 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of burnout and distress among palliative care professionals has received much attention since research suggests it negatively impacts the quality of care. Although limited, research suggests low levels of burnout or distress among healthcare chaplains; however, there has been no research among chaplains working in specific clinical contexts, including palliative care.ObjectiveThis study explored the distress, self-care, and debriefing practices of chaplains working in palliative care.MethodExploratory, cross-sectional survey of professional chaplains. Electronic surveys were sent to members of four professional chaplaincy organizations between February and April 2015. Primary measures of interest included Professional Distress, Distress from Theodicy, Informal Self-care, Formal Self-care, and debriefing practices.ResultMore than 60% of chaplains working in palliative care reported feeling worn out in the past 3 months because of their work as a helper; at least 33% practice Informal Self-care weekly. Bivariate analysis suggested significant associations between Informal Self-care and both Professional Distress and Distress from Theodicy. Multivariate analysis also identified that distress decreased as Informal and Formal Self-care increased.Significance of resultsChaplains working in palliative care appear moderately distressed, possibly more so than chaplains working in other clinical areas. These chaplains also use debriefing, with non-chaplain palliative colleagues, to process clinical experiences. Further research is needed about the role of religious or spiritual beliefs and practices in protecting against stress associated with care for people at the end of life.
Actigraphy as an assessment of performance status in patients with advanced lung cancer
Authors: Fujisawa Daisuke , Temel Jennifer S. , Greer Joseph A. , El-Jawahri Areej , Traeger Lara , Jacobs Jamie M. , Cutrono Stacy , Pirl William F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveWearable devices such as a wrist actigraph may have a potential to objectively estimate patients’ functioning and may supplement performance status (PS). This proof-of-concept study aimed to evaluate whether actigraphy data are significantly associated with patients’ functioning and are predictive of their survival in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.MethodWe collected actigraphy data for a three-day period in ambulatory patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. We computed correlations between actigraphy data (specifically, proportion of time spent immobile while awake) and clinician-rated PS, subjective report of physical activities, quality of life (the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Trial Outcome Index), and survival.ResultActigraphy data (the proportion of time awake spent immobile) were significantly correlated with Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Trial Outcome Index (r= −0.53,p< 0.001) and with the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS (ECOG PS) (r= 0.37,p< 0.001). The proportion of time awake spent immobile was significantly associated with worse survival. For each 10% increase in this measure, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.48 (95% confidence interval [CI95%] = 1.06, 2.06) for overall mortality, and odds ratio was 2.99 (CI95%= 1.27, 7.05) for six-month mortality. ECOG PS was also associated with worse survival (HR = 2.80,CI95%= 1.34, 5.86). Among patients with ECOG PS 0-1, the percentage of time awake spent immobile was significantly associated with worse survival, HR = 1.93 (CI95%= 1.10, 3.42), whereas ECOG PS did not predict survival.Significance of ResultsActigraphy may have potential to predict important clinical outcomes, such as quality of life and survival, and may serve to supplement PS. Further validation study is warranted.
Performing Together: Monozygotic Twin Comedians/Twin research: Mirror-Image Cleft Lip and Palate; Dental Caries; Noninvasive Prenatal testing; Capgras Syndrome with Folie à Deux/In the News: Athletic Twins; Transgendered Twins; Crib-Sharing; Common Careers
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwin studies have shown that our sense of humor has an underlying genetic component, but less investigation of the origins of stand-up comedy has been undertaken. This article briefly reviews twin research findings on humor, then describes the working partnership and social affiliation of a pair of monozygotic male twins who perform together as stand-up comedians. The abilities, personalities and temperaments of these twins suggest future avenues for research in this interesting area. Next, findings from twin studies and case reports of twins with cleft lip and palate, dental caries, noninvasive prenatal testing and Capgras syndrome (with folie à deux) are summarized. In conclusion, recent news about athletic twins, transgendered twins, crib-sharing and career choice are presented.
Excitation of Highly Oblique Lower Band and Upper Band Chorus by a Loss Cone Feature and Temperature Anisotropy Distribution
Authors: Zhou Qinghua , Yang Chang , He Yihua , Liu Si , Gao Zhonglei , Xiao Fuliang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that highly oblique lower band chorus could be excited by temperature anisotropy with a low‐energy electron plateau. Here we present another excitation mechanism of highly oblique lower and upper band chorus by using the simultaneous observations and numerical modeling. During 23:00–24:00 UT on 3 July 2016, Van Allen probe A observed chorus with the wave normal angle close to the resonance cone both in the lower and upper bands around L = 5.0 and MLT = 3. Enhanced flux and pitch angle anisotropy of energetic electrons were observed in the same spatial region. Calculations of chorus growth rates show that highly oblique chorus waves can be excited by the energetic electrons with a loss cone feature and distinct temperature anisotropy, particularly more efficient in the presence of a low‐energy plateau. The temperature anisotropy for the oblique upper band is higher than that for the lower band.
Stress Field in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake (M 7.3) Area
Authors: Yu Zhiteng , Zhao Dapeng , Li Jiabiao , Huang Zhouchuan , Nishizono Yukihisa , Inakura Hirohito 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe used 1‐D and 3‐D velocity models to determine focal mechanism solutions (FMSs) of 349 crustal earthquakes (M 2.7–7.3) and stress tensors in the source area of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (M 7.3) that occurred on the Futagawa‐Hinagu fault zone in Kyushu, Southwest Japan. There are some differences in the FMSs determined with the 1‐D and 3‐D velocity models. The use of the 3‐D velocity model leads to better results of stress tensors, which are determined by inverting the FMSs. The orientation of the minimum stress (σ3) axis is more accurately determined, which trends NNW‐SSE to N‐S nearly horizontally. In contrast, the axes of the maximum and intermediate stresses (σ1 and σ2) trend WSW‐ENE to E‐W with wide ranges. Significant spatiotemporal variations of the stress field are revealed in the Kumamoto source zone, indicating a small magnitude of deviatoric stress. The friction coefficient of the faults is estimated to be relatively small (~0.4), indicating that the seismogenic faults in central Kyushu are weak. The fault weakening may be caused by fluids beneath the source area and arc magma under the nearby Aso active volcano.
Whether the Rock Fragment Content Should Be Considered When Investigating Nitrogen Cycle in Stony Soils?
Authors: Liao Kaihua , Lai Xiaoming , Zhou Zhiwen , Zeng Xiankui , Xie Wenyi , Castellano Michael J. , Zhu Qing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted on a stony‐soil hillslope that severely eroded due to land use change from bamboo to tea. First, three approaches were used to extract soil hydraulic properties and then inputted into the Denitrification–Decomposition model for simulations. The Denitrification–Decomposition model defaults and ROSETTA pedotransfer function were traditional approaches without considering the rock fragment impacts on soil hydraulic properties, while the dual‐porosity function considered rock fragment impacts since it was calibrated with observed soil water retention data. Results showed that dual‐porosity functions gave the most accurate or physically sound results in simulating the nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and leachate nitrate nitrogen (NO3−‐N) concentrations, with the root‐mean‐square errors as 0.0043–0.0107 kg N/ha and 4.39–9.09 mg/L, respectively. This suggested that rock fragments could impact the soil N cycle by affecting soil hydraulic properties. Second, the model simulations in the first step were further corrected by the volumetric rock fragment contents. This correction significantly reduced the N2O emissions and NO3−‐N leaching by 25–43% and improved the simulations. This suggested that high rock fragment contents could reduce the N emission and leaching by decreasing the volume of soils participated in N cycle. Last, under the climate change, the NO3−‐N leaching were overestimated without considering the rock fragments, while simulation using regular sets of Denitrification–Decomposition was coincide to the real N2O emissions without physical meanings. Our findings suggested that rock fragments should be considered in soil N cycling studies in the stony‐soil areas.
Estimation of Spatial Gradients and Temporal Variations of the Total Electron Content Using Ground‐Based GNSS Measurements
Authors: Jakowski N. , Hoque M. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrecision and safety of life applications of Global Navigation Satellite Systems require key information on space weather conditions in particular on the perturbation degree of the ionosphere. Such systems are particularly vulnerable against severe spatial gradients and rapid changes of the total electron content (TEC) measured along different satellite‐receiver links. To estimate spatial gradients and rapid temporal variations of ionospheric TEC, two approaches are discussed. The Gradient Ionosphere indeX (GIX) and the Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance indeX are able to estimate the perturbation degree of the ionosphere instantaneously without taking into account previous measurements. The capabilities and accuracy of the index approaches are demonstrated by simulations using a 3‐D electron density model of the ionosphere and plasmasphere in conjunction with realistic Global Navigation Satellite Signal constellations. Real data tests confirm the applicability of GIX and the related standard deviation GIX Sigma to monitor spatial gradients. Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance indeX is able to monitor rapid temporal variations of TEC as exemplified by using Global Navigation Satellite Signal measurements carried out during solar flare events. Both approaches could identify enhanced space weather impacts on precise point positioning and the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service. More comprehensive studies analyzing ionospheric storms in close dialogue with potential customers are needed to fully utilize the potential of these approaches to serve as objective ionospheric indices for scaling horizontal TEC gradients and rapid TEC variations in space weather services.
Graphene oxide nanosheets coupled with paper microfluidics for enhanced on-site airborne trace metal detection
Authors: Sun Hao , Jia Yuan , Dong Hui , Fan Longxiang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRapid on-site analysis of airborne trace metals has been heavily favored over traditional methodologies because air pollutants can be altered by environmental, behavioral, and social patterns at any given time and location. However, existing portable approaches are either not capable of performing integrated on-site analysis or not yet practically applicable. Exploiting graphene oxide (GO) in enhancing the analytical performance of paper-based colorimetric detection, for the first time, this paper reports the development of a practically useful portable system for accurate, sensitive on-site characterization of trace metals in ambient particulate matter (PM). The system consists of GO-nanosheet-coated paper devices, unmanned aerial vehicle multiaxial sampling, and cellphone-based colorimetric detection. The increased specific surface area and the homogeneity of color distribution from the coating of GO improves the accuracy and sensitivity of the assays. Additionally, by leveraging a Wi-Fi camera, a self-developed app and a sample pretreatment cartridge, metal in PM samples can be readily processed and characterized on-site within 30 min. The effects of chip geometric design, pH, reaction volume, and metal interference on detection results have been studied. The detection limits of the system were calibrated to be 16.6, 5.1, and 9.9 ng for metals Fe, Cu, and Ni, respectively, which are comparable to the detection limits of commercial inductively coupled plasma (ICP) instruments, thus making our portable system practically useful. Finally, the system was used for airborne trace-metal study at 6 locations in Fuzhou City (China), and the results obtained using our system demonstrated good agreement with those obtained by the ICP. The significance of our system in supplementing air pollution study and furthering research on rapid, accurate, on-site air toxicity assessment was demonstrated.
Multimodel inference for biomarker development: an application to schizophrenia
Authors: Cooper Jason D. , Han Sung Yeon Sarah , Tomasik Jakub , Ozcan Sureyya , Rustogi Nitin , van Beveren Nico J. M. , Leweke F. Markus , Bahn Sabine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the present study, to improve the predictive performance of a model and its reproducibility when applied to an independent data set, we investigated the use of multimodel inference to predict the probability of having a complex psychiatric disorder. We formed training and test sets using proteomic data (147 peptides from 77 proteins) from two-independent collections of first-onset drug-naive schizophrenia patients and controls. A set of prediction models was produced by applying lasso regression with repeated tenfold cross-validation to the training set. We used feature extraction and model averaging across the set of models to form two prediction models. The resulting models clearly demonstrated the utility of a multimodel based approach to make good (training set AUC > 0.80) and reproducible predictions (test set AUC > 0.80) for the probability of having schizophrenia. Moreover, we identified four proteins (five peptides) whose effect on the probability of having schizophrenia was modified by sex, one of which was a novel potential biomarker of schizophrenia, foetal haemoglobin. The evidence of effect modification suggests that future schizophrenia studies should be conducted in males and females separately. Future biomarker studies should consider adopting a multimodel approach and going beyond the main effects of features.
Flavones hydroxylated at 5, 7, 3′ and 4′ ameliorate skin fibrosis via inhibiting activin receptor-like kinase 5 kinase activity
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Wang Jing , Zhou Sizheng , Xie Zhibo , Wang Chuandong , Gao Ya , Zhou Jia , Zhang Xiaoling , Li Qingfeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSkin fibrosis is mainly characterized by excessive collagen deposition. Studies have recently identified a number of flavonoids with variable structures that have the potency of inhibiting collagen synthesis and thus attenuating organ fibrosis. In this study, we found that flavones with 5, 7, 3′, 4′ hydroxy substitution reduced collagen expression most efficiently. Among those flavones, luteolin, quercetin, and myricetin were selected for follow-up. In vivo, the three compounds ameliorated skin fibrosis and reduced collagen deposition. Further analysis showed the compounds had significant inhibition on the proliferation, activation and contractile ability of dermal fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, we revealed that luteolin, quercetin, and myricetin selectively downregulated the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in TGF-β/Smads signaling via binding to activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) and impairing its catalytic activity. We also found flavones with 5, 7, 3′, 4′ hydroxy substitution showed stronger affinity with ALK5 compared with other flavonoids. Herein, we identified at least in part the underlying molecular basis as well as the critical structures that contribute to the antifibrotic bioactivity of flavones, which might benefit drug design and modification.
Redundant and receptor-specific activities of TRADD, RIPK1 and FADD in death receptor signaling
Authors: Füllsack Simone , Rosenthal Alevtina , Wajant Harald , Siegmund Daniela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe evaluated redundant and receptor-specific activities of TRADD, RIPK1, and FADD in RIPK3-expressing HeLa cells lacking expression of these proteins or any combination of two of these factors. We confirmed the opposing role of FADD in TNF- and TRAIL-induced necroptosis and observed an anti-necroptotic function of TRADD. RIPK1 and TRADD act in a redundant manner in TNF- but not TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Complementary, FADD proved to be sufficient for TRAIL- but not for TNF-induced apoptosis. TRADD and RIPK1, however, redundantly mediated proinflammatory signaling in response to TNF and TRAIL. FADD deficiency sensitized more efficiently for TNFR1-mediated necroptosis than caspase-8 deficiency pointing to a caspase-8 independent inhibitory activity of FADD on TNF-induced necroptosis. Based on these characteristics, we propose a model in which the death receptor-specific activities of TRADD, RIPK1, and FADD are traced back to their hierarchically different position in TNFR1- and TRAIL death receptor signaling.