bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and Productivity of Carrots (Daucus carota) Applied with Bio-Stimulant Solution
Authors: Oñal, Jr. Paulino A , Cabillan Eged B. , De la Paz Nathaniel Arly A. , Togle Christian , Andrade Francis E. , Gayat Allan G. , Buenafe Owen B. 
Published: November 2024

Carrots (Daucus carota) is an essential vegetable because of its high beta-carotene (Vitamin A). This study seeks to determine the growth and yield performance of carrots applied with different concentrations of bio-stimulant (BSS). This study was conducted at the University of Negros Occidental – Recoletos, School of Agriculture last December 28, 2023 to March 27, 2024. Eighty (80) carrot seeds (Kaneko Bonfire Variety) were used as planting materials. The seedlings were transferred in polyethylene bags using the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments replicated four times. The treatments were the Control (no BSS), 10%, 20%, and 30% BSS. The BSS was applied at the plant base 15 and 35 days after transplanting (DAT). The data gathered was analyzed utilizing the STAR 2.1.0 software. To determined the relationships among different characteristics, we used Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Analysis to assess the correlations and associations. The results indicate that plants applied with 30%BSS have an average stem length of 17.79cm, more foliage of 7.95, bigger taproots with 9.28cm, heavier taproots of 32.45gm, heavy stems and leaves at 16.35gm, biomass accumulation of 46.60gm, and average yield of 16,225kg/hectares. The control (0 BSS), on the other hand, has an average stem length of 14.75cm, fewer leaves at 7.10, smaller taproots with 7.59cm, lighter taproots of 16.90gm, the lighter weight of stems and leaves at 10.15gm, smaller biomass acculation of 28.98gm, and lower yields at 8,450kg/hectare. This study recommends the application of 30% bio-stimulant concentration in enhancing the growth and yield performance of the carrot plants.
Shared Patterns of Cognitive Control Behavior and Electrophysiological Markers in Adolescence
Authors: Wiker Thea , Alnæs Dag , Pedersen Mads L. , Norbom Linn B. , Boer Olga D. , Kjelkenes Rikka , Voldsbekk Irene , Karl Valerie , Bukhari Shervin H. , Moberget Torgeir , Westlye Lars T. , Huster René J. , Tamnes Christian K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Behavioral parameters obtained from cognitive control tasks have been linked to electrophysiological markers. Yet, most previous research has investigated only a few specific behavioral parameters at a time. An integrated approach with simultaneous consideration of multiple aspects of behavior may better elucidate the development and function of cognitive control. Here, we aimed to identify shared patterns between cognitive control behavior and electrophysiological markers using stop-signal task data and EEG recordings from an adolescent sample (n = 193, aged 11–25 years). We extracted behavioral variables covering various aspects of RT, accuracy, inhibition, and decision-making processes, as well as amplitude and latency of the ERPs N1, N2, and P3. To identify shared patterns between the two sets of variables, we employed a principal component analysis and a canonical correlation analysis. First, we replicated previously reported associations between various cognitive control behavioral parameters. Next, results from the canonical correlation analysis showed that overall good task performance was associated with fast and strong neural processing. Furthermore, the canonical correlation was affected by age, indicating that the association varies depending on age. The present study suggests that although distributional and computational methods can be applied to extract specific behavioral parameters, they might not capture specific patterns of cognitive control or electrophysiological brain activity in adolescents.
Addressing Topic Leakage in Cross-Topic Evaluation for Authorship Verification
Authors: Sawatphol Jitkapat , Udomcharoenchaikit Can , Nutanong Sarana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Authorship verification (AV) aims to identify whether a pair of texts has the same author. We address the challenge of evaluating AV models’ robustness against topic shifts. The conventional evaluation assumes minimal topic overlap between training and test data. However, we argue that there can still be topic leakage in test data, causing misleading model performance and unstable rankings. To address this, we propose an evaluation method called Heterogeneity-Informed Topic Sampling (HITS), which creates a smaller dataset with a heterogeneously distributed topic set. Our experimental results demonstrate that HITS-sampled datasets yield a more stable ranking of models across random seeds and evaluation splits. Our contributions include: 1. An analysis of causes and effects of topic leakage; 2. A demonstration of the HITS in reducing the effects of topic leakage; and 3. The Robust Authorship Verification bENchmark (RAVEN) that allows topic shortcut test to uncover AV models’ reliance on topic-specific features.
Beyond Prompt Brittleness: Evaluating the Reliability and Consistency of Political Worldviews in LLMs
Authors: Ceron Tanise , Falk Neele , Barić Ana , Nikolaev Dmitry , Padó Sebastian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Due to the widespread use of large language models (LLMs), we need to understand whether they embed a specific “worldview” and what these views reflect. Recent studies report that, prompted with political questionnaires, LLMs show left-liberal leanings (Feng et al., 2023; Motoki et al., 2024). However, it is as yet unclear whether these leanings are reliable (robust to prompt variations) and whether the leaning is consistent across policies and political leaning. We propose a series of tests which assess the reliability and consistency of LLMs’ stances on political statements based on a dataset of voting-advice questionnaires collected from seven EU countries and annotated for policy issues. We study LLMs ranging in size from 7B to 70B parameters and find that their reliability increases with parameter count. Larger models show overall stronger alignment with left-leaning parties but differ among policy programs: They show a (left-wing) positive stance towards environment protection, social welfare state, and liberal society but also (right-wing) law and order, with no consistent preferences in the areas of foreign policy and migration.
Assessment of safety through mutagenicity and subchronic toxicity studies with black pepper extract preparation
Authors: Chae Lee , Lee Sungwon , Mahadevan Swetha , Bauter Mark R , Wojenski Colleen , Robertson Kristin , Premkumar Brian , Mahadevan Brinda 
Published: November 2024

Introduction Black pepper ( Piper nigrum) is a rich source of natural and bioactive components such as N-trans-feruloyltyramine (NFT). In this paper, we discuss the results of the subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity studies conducted to understand the potential for adverse effects if any, of Black Pepper Extract Preparation (BPE). Methods To evaluate mutagenicity, an Ames test was conducted with BPE in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation. Long-term safety was inferred through a 90-day subchronic toxicology study using adult rats. Dose levels were selected with expected human intake levels of NFT (120 mg/kg/day), with an acceptable safety factor, for preclinical safety and tolerability. Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets targeting dietary intakes (doses) of 0, 125, 350, or 700 mg/kg/day of BPE for 90 days, an NFT dose level equivalent to 68, 190, and 380 mg/kg/day. Results In vitro Ames test up to 5000 µg/plate with and without S9 metabolic activation showed no BPE-related increases in revertant colony numbers and was non-mutagenic. There were no BPE-related changes in viability, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, and organ weights. BPE dietary administration did not induce any treatment-related changes in hematology, clinical chemistry, other macroscopic or microscopic endpoints. Discussion and conclusion The highest dose tested with BPE (700 mg/kg/day) was the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) that revealed no adverse effects. Based on toxicological endpoints evaluated, this NOAEL for BPE corresponded to a human equivalent NFT dose level of 380 mg/kg/day, dependent upon a (∼50%) concentration of NFT in BPE.
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Knowledge, Perception, and Readiness of Medical Students at a Tertiary Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Obiekwe Sochima Johnmark , Omaga Ikechukwu Benjamin , Ukadike Mmesoma Miriam , Edeh Chidera Gabriel , Iheanyi Chinyere Esther , Anisiobi Promise Ugochuku , Obi Chukwuebuka Favour , Ogenyi Samuel , Obi Ejeatuluchukwu 
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to revolutionise healthcare, compelling forthcoming healthcare professionals to arm themselves with essential knowledge and skills. Given this, understanding medical students’ (future healthcare providers’) perspectives and readiness is vital for achieving full integration. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perspectives, and readiness perceived by medical students at Nnamdi Azikiwe University. Methods: This cross-sectional study conveniently recruited 340 medical students. A pretest self-structured questionnaire was utilised for data collection among students who were already in the clinical phase of their study programme. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used for the analysis of the results. Results: The vast majority of the respondents (99.4%) had heard of AI, but only 3.2% were very familiar with its real-world applications. Most participants (96.8%) lacked formal education or training in AI, and few (7.4%) regularly followed AI-related news. Concerns about AI integration included data privacy (39.4%) and the potential loss of human touch in patient care (70.9%). Job displacement (72.1%) and misuse of AI (55.9%) were common fears. Despite these concerns, more than half of the respondents (55.6%) were interested in AI research, and many expressed openness to collaborating with AI systems (34.1%) and acquiring additional AI-related skills (67.9%). Conclusion: There was a lack of AI knowledge among the respondents, coupled with widespread scepticism about its integration. However, there is a notable interest in AI-related research and projects, indicating a willingness to explore its potential benefits.
Investigating the Prevalence and Types of Clinical Services Offered by Pharmacists in Federally Qualified Health Centers in South Carolina: A Qualitative, Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Laney Brice , Rayfield Anna , Barfield Reagan K. , Bookstaver Paul Brandon , Nelson Natalie , Phillips Kaitlyn , Royals Carrington 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and type of clinical pharmacy services offered within South Carolina Federally Qualified Health Centers (SC FQHCs) and identify existing implementation barriers. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey of pharmacists or Chief Medical Officers practicing in SC FQHCs. Organizations were identified utilizing the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) database and were contacted to participate in a telephone survey. An electronic form was created in REDCap® software. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and evaluate data. Results: Twenty-two SC FQHCs were eligible for the survey, with 16 (72.7%) participating. Of the respondents, 9 (56%) offered at least 1 service. The most common services offered were chronic disease state management, diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES), and tobacco cessation (43.8%, n = 7). The least common services offered were chronic care, Hepatitis C, and HIV management (18.9%, n = 3). The most common barriers to implementation were lack of personnel and provider interest (62.5%, n = 10). The least common barrier was a lack of pharmacist interest or time (25%, n = 4). Conclusion: Pharmacists offered at least 1 clinical service within most SC FQHCs. Barriers were identified that prevented expansion of services and further research is needed to overcome these.
Mid-Term Results of Pulmonary Valve-Sparing Repair for Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: Raju Vijayakumar , Srinivasan Naveen , Kadavanoor Divya , Moorthy Rajalakshmi , Jothinath Kousik , Gangadharan Sreja , Vijayaraghavan Aparna , Muthuswarmy Kalyanasundaram , Krishna Mani Ram , Ramanath Pavithra 
Published: November 2024

Objective The transannular patch remains the most common procedure performed for patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with pulmonary stenosis. Pulmonary regurgitation has a negative impact on early and late outcomes. To address this issue pulmonary valve-sparing repair (PVSR) has been developed. Our study goal is to evaluate the mid-term outcomes (five years) of PVSR at our institution. Material and Methods The data were collected retrospectively from June 2014 to June 2022. A total of 390 patients had total repair of TOF. Among these, PVSR was performed in 154 (39.4%) patients. The mid-term outcomes on the status of the pulmonary valve gradient, degree of pulmonary regurgitation, reintervention rate, and mid-term survival after PVSR were investigated. Results The median age at time of TOF repair was 12 (interquartile range [IQR]: 8-48) months and the median weight was 7.9 (IQR: 3.1-49.5) kg. The mean preoperative right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) gradient was 77 ± 19.6 mm Hg. All patients had a pulmonary valve Z score of more than −2.5. The post-repair mean RV/LV pressure ratio was 0.49 ± 0.12. There was no surgical mortality. The median follow-up was 3 years (6 months to 8 years). The reintervention rate on the pulmonary valve was 4/154 (2.6%) at five years. The freedom from reintervention and from developing moderate pulmonary valve regurgitation at 5 years was 95% (151/154) and 77% (119/154), respectively. Conclusion Pulmonary valve-sparing repair gives good mid-term outcomes in a specific group of patients with TOF. Reintervention rates are very low and the peak gradient across the pulmonary valve came down in the majority of patients during mid-term follow up. An RVOT gradient more than 40mm Hg at discharge predicts a high risk of need for reintervention. We continue to monitor our patients for the long term outcome.
Microfracture Versus a Porcine-Derived Collagen-Augmented Chondrogenesis Technique for Treating Knee Cartilage Defects: Results at Midterm Follow-up
Authors: Kim Man Soo , Chun Churl Hong , Wang Joon Ho , Kang Seung-Baik , Chang Moon Jong , In Yong 
Published: November 2024

Background: Damaged cartilage can be treated using the creation of microfractures (MFxs) or the porcine-derived collagen-augmented chondrogenesis technique (C-ACT). Purpose: To provide the midterm results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing MFx and C-ACT for knee cartilage defects. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: The study cohort comprised 36 patients with medial femoral condyle cartilage defects who were followed up for 6 years with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging data (n = 14 treated with MFx alone, n = 22 treated with C-ACT). Clinical outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at 1, 2, and 6 years postoperatively using a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed preoperatively and at 1 and 6 years postoperatively, and the repaired cartilage tissue was evaluated using the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score. The repaired tissue/reference cartilage ratio was quantified using T2 mapping. Adverse events during follow-up were also evaluated. Results: In both groups, the VAS pain score improved and was maintained for 1, 2, and 6 years postoperatively compared with preoperatively ( P < .05 for all). Although there were no significant differences between groups in the VAS pain, KOOS, or IKDC scores at any time point, the change in the IKDC—Activities of Daily Living subscore from preoperatively to 6 years postoperatively was better in the C-ACT group than the MFx group ( P = .0423). At 6 years postoperatively, the MOCART assessment showed superior results regarding the surface of the repair tissue in the C-ACT group compared with the MFx group ( P = .0288). There were no differences between the groups in the total MOCART score or other subscores. Conclusion: The study results suggest that C-ACT has similar effects to MFx in improving pain, joint function, and imaging findings and may be superior to MFx in improving daily life function and improving the quality of the surface of the cartilage tissue. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02539030.
The effect of the great Kermanshah earthquake on the tuberculosis infection trend: interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Mardani-Talaee Ehsan , Salimi Yahya , Heydarpour Fatemeh , Darbandi Mitra , Abdoli Gholamreza 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Tuberculosis (TB) presents a substantial danger to populations experiencing crises like earthquakes. This study aims to explore the effect of the Kermanshah earthquake on the trend of TB.

Methods
This cross-sectional study examined tuberculosis data from 2009 to 2020, using monthly diagnoses. Data was collected from the TB research office and registration system. The study employed interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to assess both the immediate and long-term impacts of the earthquake on TB cases.

Results
In Sarpol-e Zahab, TB cases initially surged after the earthquake, indicating an immediate effect, but then significantly declined compared to pre-earthquake levels, reflecting an effect over time (β0 = 1.39, β1=-0.004, β2 = 0.11 and β3=-0.01, P = 0.001 and Post-intervention linear trend= -0.015, P < 0.001). In Ghasr-e Shirin, the average number of TB cases prior to the earthquake was estimated at 0.58 cases, with a significant monthly decrease of 0.005 cases leading up to the earthquake (P = 0.001). There was no significant immediate change in TB cases during the first month after the earthquake (β2 = 0.008, P = 0.680). Post-earthquake, TB cases dramatically increased (β3 = 0.008, P = 0.001). The monthly trend of TB cases rose significantly by 0.002 (P = 0.001), indicating an effect over time. In Salas-e Babajani, there was no immediate change in TB cases, but there was a significant long-term decline compared to the period before the earthquake (P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Earthquake is one of the natural crises that provide the conditions for the increase of TB. Local health policymakers must make plans in these areas to contain TB after the earthquake.
Review of the novel antifungal drug olorofim (F901318)
Authors: Vanbiervliet Yuri , Van Nieuwenhuyse Tine , Aerts Robina , Lagrou Katrien , Spriet Isabel , Maertens Johan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere is clearly a need for novel antifungal agents, not only concerning spectrum, but also oral bioavailability, tolerability, and drug-drug interactions. There is growing concern for antifungal resistance for current available antifungals, mainly driven by environmental fungicide use or long-term exposure to antifungals, in the setting of mould-active prophylaxis or for chronic antifungal infections, such as chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Moreover, the incidence of breakthrough infections is increasing, because of the introduction of (mould-active) prophylaxis (1-4). There is emergence of difficult to treat invasive fungal infections, such as those caused by Lomentospora prolificans, cryptic species of Aspergillus, Scedosporium and Coccidioides. Olorofim (F901318) is the first-in class of the orotomides, a novel antifungal class targeting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines. Olorofim shows good in vitro and in vivo activity against Aspergillus species, rare and difficult to treat moulds and endemic dimorphic fungi, including azole- and amphotericin-resistant isolates. It lacks activity against yeasts and the Mucorales species. It is only orally available and shows very promising results in ongoing clinical trials. In this review we will describe the mechanism of action of olorofim, the spectrum of activity in vitro and in vivo, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug-drug interactions, resistance, and clinical outcomes.
Burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Andualem Fantahun , Melkam Mamaru , Tadesse Gebresilassie , Nakie Girum , Tinsae Techilo , Fentahun Setegn , Rtbey Gidey , Takelle Girmaw Medfu , Gedef Getachew Muluye 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Caring for people with mental illness requires a significant investment of personal physical, mental, social, and financial resources, which greatly impact the daily lives of caregivers. The process of providing care is multifaceted and intricate, involving both positive and negative emotional responses. Burden of care is a term used to describe the negative effects of caregivers’ burden on their physical, psychological, social, and economic well-being. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide an overview of the most recent information available regarding the pooled prevalence of burden of care among people with mental illness in Africa.

Methods
In this study, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), which is a suitable guideline for reports of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The PROSPERO protocol number for this review is CRD42024499138. To find publications for the systematic review and meta-analysis, we used PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for cross-sectional study quality assessment was employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies included in this review. The data was extracted in Microsoft Excel, and then it was exported into STATA 11.0 for analysis. A funnel plot and an objective examination of Egger's regression test were used to check for publication bias.

Results
We have included 12 studies conducted in African countries with 2156 study participants, of whom 1176 (54.55%) were female individuals. In this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa was 61.73 (95% CI: 51.25–72.21%). Further, in subgroup analysis regarding the study country, the pooled prevalence of carer burden among caregivers of people with mental illness in Egypt and Nigeria was 79.19% and 55.22%, respectively.

Conclusion
This review found a high pooled prevalence of caregiver burden related to mental illness in Africa. To minimize the challenges faced by individuals with mental illnesses, as well as the burden on their caregivers, stakeholders may find these findings useful for addressing prevention, early screening, and management.