bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encountering sexual and gender minority youth in healthcare: an integrative review
Authors: Laiti Minna , Pakarinen Anni , Parisod Heidi , Salanterä Sanna , Sariola Salla 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo describe the encounters with sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth in healthcare based on the existing research.BackgroundThe development of sexual orientation and gender identity can create challenges in an SGM youth’s life, and they may need support from health professionals. Heteronormativity has been recognised as a barrier to the identification of diversity in sexuality and gender, and no previous literature review has studied heteronormativity thoroughly.MethodsAn integrative review following Whittemore and Knafl was conducted. A literature search was systematically undertaken in six databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Eric, and Academic Search Premier). Finally, 18 research articles were included. Data were analysed deductively with the theoretical framework from Stevi Jackson’s (2006) article to understand the role of heteronormativity in the healthcare of SGM youth.FindingsThe encounters with SGM youth consisted of two simultaneous themes.Heteronormative careincluded three elements: (1) the effect of heteronormativity on health professionals’ competence to work with SGM youth, (2) false assumptions about SGM youth, and (3) the influence of heteronormativity on encounters with SGM youth.Diversity-affirming careincluded two elements: (4) the considerateness of health professionals towards SGM youth and (5) inclusive care of SGM youth.ConclusionThis review summarised how SGM youth were encountered in healthcare and how heteronormativity was affecting their healthcare. Furthermore, this review identified elements that supported diversity-affirming care. With diversity-affirming care, SGM youth may access the information and support they need from healthcare. Further research is needed about how diversity-affirming care can be applied to the healthcare of SGM youth and how elements of heteronormative care are occurring globally in the healthcare of SGM youth. The perceptions of transgender and other gender minority youth were under-represented in the studies and research needs to focus more on how they are encountered in healthcare.
Metal-free dehydropolymerisation of phosphine-boranes using cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes as hydrogen acceptors
Authors: Oldroyd Nicola L. , Chitnis Saurabh S. , Annibale Vincent T. , Arz Marius I. , Sparkes Hazel A. , Manners Ian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe divalent carbene carbon centre in cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) is known to exhibit transition-metal-like insertion into E–H σ-bonds (E = H, N, Si, B, P, C, O) with formation of new, strong C–E and C–H bonds. Although subsequent transformations of the products represent an attractive strategy for metal-free synthesis, few examples have been reported. Herein we describe the dehydrogenation of phosphine-boranes, RR’PH·BH3, using a CAAC, which behaves as a stoichiometric hydrogen acceptor to release monomeric phosphinoboranes, [RR’PBH2], under mild conditions. The latter species are transient intermediates that either polymerise to the corresponding polyphosphinoboranes, [RR’PBH2]n (R = Ph; R’ = H, Ph or Et), or are trapped in the form of CAAC-phosphinoborane adducts, CAAC·H2BPRR’ (R = R’ = tBu; R = R’ = Mes). In contrast to previously established methods such as transition metal-catalysed dehydrocoupling, which only yield P-monosubstituted polymers, [RHPBH2]n, the CAAC-mediated route also provides access to P-disubstituted polymers, [RR’PBH2]n (R = Ph; R’ = Ph or Et).
ATAD3A oligomerization causes neurodegeneration by coupling mitochondrial fragmentation and bioenergetics defects
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Sun Xiaoyan , Hu Di , Prosdocimo Domenick A. , Hoppel Charles , Jain Mukesh K. , Ramachandran Rajesh , Qi Xin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMitochondrial fragmentation and bioenergetic failure manifest in Huntington’s disease (HD), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. The factors that couple mitochondrial fusion/fission with bioenergetics and their impacts on neurodegeneration however remain poorly understood. Our proteomic analysis identifies mitochondrial protein ATAD3A as an interactor of mitochondrial fission GTPase, Drp1, in HD. Here we show that, in HD, ATAD3A dimerization due to deacetylation at K135 residue is required for Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation. Disturbance of ATAD3A steady state impairs mtDNA maintenance by disrupting TFAM/mtDNA binding. Blocking Drp1/ATAD3A interaction with a peptide, DA1, abolishes ATAD3A oligomerization, suppresses mitochondrial fragmentation and mtDNA lesion, and reduces bioenergetic deficits and cell death in HD mouse- and patient-derived cells. DA1 treatment reduces behavioral and neuropathological phenotypes in HD transgenic mice. Our findings demonstrate that ATAD3A plays a key role in neurodegeneration by linking Drp1-induced mitochondrial fragmentation to defective mtDNA maintenance, suggesting that DA1 might be useful for developing HD therapeutics.
A polymer-direct-intercalation strategy for MoS2/carbon-derived heteroaerogels with ultrahigh pseudocapacitance
Authors: Feng Nan , Meng Ruijin , Zu Lianhai , Feng Yutong , Peng Chengxin , Huang Jimei , Liu Guanglei , Chen Bingjie , Yang Jinhu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe intercalation strategy has become crucial for 2D layered materials to achieve desirable properties, however, the intercalated guests are often limited to metal ions or small molecules. Here, we develop a simple, mild and efficient polymer-direct-intercalation strategy that different polymers (polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol) can directly intercalate into the MoS2 interlayers, forming MoS2-polymer composites and interlayer-expanded MoS2/carbon heteroaerogels after carbonization. The polymer-direct-intercalation behavior has been investigated by substantial characterizations and molecular dynamic calculations. The resulting composite heteroaerogels possess 3D conductive MoS2/C frameworks, expanded MoS2 interlayers (0.98 nm), high MoS2 contents (up to 74%) and high Mo valence (+6), beneficial to fast and stable charge transport and enhanced pseudocapacitive energy storage. Consequently, the typical MoS2/N-doped carbon heteroaerogels exhibit outstanding supercapacitor performance, such as ultrahigh capacitance, remarkable rate capability and excellent cycling stability. This study offers a new intercalation strategy which may be generally applicable to 2D materials for promising energy applications.
Identifying Pb-free perovskites for solar cells by machine learning
Authors: Im Jino , Lee Seongwon , Ko Tae-Wook , Kim Hyun Woo , Hyon YunKyong , Chang Hyunju 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecent advances in computing power have enabled the generation of large datasets for materials, enabling data-driven approaches to problem-solving in materials science, including materials discovery. Machine learning is a primary tool for manipulating such large datasets, predicting unknown material properties and uncovering relationships between structure and property. Among state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, gradient-boosted regression trees (GBRT) are known to provide highly accurate predictions, as well as interpretable analysis based on the importance of features. Here, in a search for lead-free perovskites for use in solar cells, we applied the GBRT algorithm to a dataset of electronic structures for candidate halide double perovskites to predict heat of formation and bandgap. Statistical analysis of the selected features identifies design guidelines for the discovery of new lead-free perovskites.
Field-recorded data on habitat, density, growth and movement of Nephrops norvegicus
Authors: Power Anne Marie , Merder Julian , Browne Patricia , Freund Jan A. , Fullbrook Liam , Graham Conor , Kennedy Robert J. , O’Carroll Jack P. J. , Wieczorek Alina M. , Johnson Mark P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe availability of growth data in N. norvegicus is important for management purposes due to a lack of aging criteria and the commercial importance of fisheries in this species. Growth varies as a function of stock density, hence comparisons of growth rates between stocks at known density is particularly valuable. Growth is also related to starting size in males, making raw data on size-specific growth rates more valuable. Internally injected passive tags allowed us to track the growth of male and female individuals over one or two years. The spatial position of tagged recaptures was recorded to measure site fidelity of tagged releases. A total of 3300 pots were fished and their spatial positions were recorded to enable Catch Per Unit Effort calculations. Similarly, spatially geo-referenced v-notching and notched recovery enables spatially gridded densities to be calculated. Finally, acoustic mapping was carried out both on and off the fishing ground and was ground-truthed with sedimentology from grabs at 22 stations. These data are useful for fisheries and macroecological studies.
Mutant p53 regulates LPA signaling through lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6
Authors: Chryplewicz Agnieszka , Tienda Samantha M. , Nahotko Dominik A. , Peters Pamela N. , Lengyel Ernst , Eckert Mark A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEmerging evidence has indicated that high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) originates in the fallopian tube, where the earliest known genetic lesion is the mutation of TP53. In addition to such genetic changes, HGSOC is characterized by altered metabolism, including the production of oncogenic lipids such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). To understand the crosstalk between TP53 mutations and LPA signaling, we utilized primary fallopian tube epithelial cells (FTEC) engineered to overexpress mutant p53. We found that gain-of-function (GOF) p53 mutations downregulated the LPA-degrading enzyme lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6 (ACP6), leading to upregulation of focal adhesion signaling in an LPA-dependent manner. Although highly expressed in normal fallopian tube epithelium, ACP6 expression was significantly reduced in ovarian cancer tumors and early in situ lesions. Downregulation of ACP6 in ovarian cancer cells was necessary and sufficient to support HGSOC proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion. Using mouse models of metastasis, we established that attenuation of ACP6 expression was associated with increased tumor burden. Conversely, overexpression of ACP6 suppressed invasive behavior. These data identify an involvement of oncogenic p53 mutations in LPA signaling and HGSOC progression through regulation of ACP6 expression.
Low survival rate and muscle fiber-dependent aging effects in the McArdle disease mouse model
Authors: Real-Martinez Alberto , Brull Astrid , Huerta Jordi , Tarrasó Guillermo , Lucia Alejandro , Martin Miguel Angel , Arenas Joaquin , Andreu Antoni L. , Nogales-Gadea Gisela , Vissing John , Krag Thomas O. , de Luna Noemi , Pinós Tomàs 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMcArdle disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the absence of the muscle glycogen phosphorylase, which leads to impairment of glycogen breakdown. The McArdle mouse, a model heavily affected by glycogen accumulation and exercise intolerance, was used to characterize disease progression at three different ages. The molecular and histopathological consequences of the disease were analyzed in five different hind-limb muscles (soleus, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius and quadriceps) of young (8-week-old), adult (35-week-old) and old (70-week-old) mice. We found that McArdle mice have a high perinatal and post-weaning mortality. We also observed a progressive muscle degeneration, fibrosis and inflammation process that was not associated with an increase in muscle glycogen content during aging. Additionally, this progressive degeneration varied among muscle and fiber types. Finally, the lack of glycogen content increase was associated with the inactivation of glycogen synthase and not with compensatory expression of the Pygl and/or Pygb genes in mature muscle.
Comparative study on the effects of Cr, V, and Mo carbides for hydrogen-embrittlement resistance of tempered martensitic steel
Authors: Lee Junmo , Lee Taekyung , Mun Dong-Jun , Bae Chul Min , Lee Chong Soo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, the ideal alloying element (among Cr, V, and Mo carbides) to enhance the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in a tempered martensitic steel was investigated. Four types of steels were designed to contain cementites, Cr-rich M7C3 carbides, V carbides, and Mo carbides, respectively. These steels were tailored to possess a comparable tensile strength (~1.6 GPa). The HE resistances of these steels were evaluated through the slow strain rate test and cyclic corrosion test. The results showed an enhanced HE resistance, characterized by a high notch fracture strength after hydrogen charging, in the samples containing V carbides and Mo carbides. In particular, Mo carbide was regarded as the most ideal alloying element for HE resistance because of the high resistivity parameter, inhibited hydrogen penetration, and suppressed strength loss by internal hydrogen.
The dual roles of RPE65 S-palmitoylation in membrane association and visual cycle function
Authors: Uppal Sheetal , Liu Tingting , Poliakov Eugenia , Gentleman Susan , Redmond T. Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAssociation with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is a critical requirement for the catalytic function of RPE65. Several studies have investigated the nature of the RPE65-membrane interaction; however, complete understanding of its mode of membrane binding is still lacking. Previous biochemical studies suggest the membrane interaction can be partly attributed to S-palmitoylation, but the existence of RPE65 palmitoylation remains a matter of debate. Here, we re-examined RPE65 palmitoylation, and its functional consequence in the visual cycle. We clearly demonstrate that RPE65 is post-translationally modified by a palmitoyl moiety, but this is not universal (about 25% of RPE65). By extensive mutational studies we mapped the S-palmitoylation sites to residues C112 and C146. Inhibition of palmitoylation using 2-bromopalmitate and 2-fluoropalmitate completely abolish its membrane association. Furthermore, palmitoylation-deficient C112 mutants are significantly impeded in membrane association. Finally, we show that RPE65 palmitoylation level is highly regulated by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) enzyme. In the presence of all-trans retinol, LRAT substrate, there is a significant decrease in the level of palmitoylation of RPE65. In conclusion, our findings suggest that RPE65 is indeed a dynamically-regulated palmitoylated protein and that palmitoylation is necessary for regulating its membrane binding, and to perform its normal visual cycle function.
A High Energy Density Azobenzene/Graphene Oxide Hybrid with Weak Nonbonding Interactions for Solar Thermal Storage
Authors: Pang Wenhui , Xue Jijun , Pang Hua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIncorporating photochromic chromophores into polymer composites provides the possibility of a reversible photoswitch of the intrinsic properties of these materials. In this paper we report a route to attach azobenzene (AZO) moiety covalently to graphene oxide (GO) to create chromophore/graphene oxide (AZO-GO) hybrid, in which GO is both part of the chromophore and the template. Due to the high grafting density of AZO moiety and the low mass of the novel structure, the hybrid is a potential solar thermal storage material with high energy density of about 240 Wh·kg−1. It is found that C-H···π interaction between the cis-AZO chromophores and the aromatic rings of the substrate induces collective electronic modifications of GO at critical percentage of cis-isomers and reduce the thermal barrier of π-π* transition of the chromophores directly, which results in two sections of first-order reactions during the photoisomerization of trans- to cis-hybrid and also thermally stabilizes the cis-hybrid. Our findings demonstrate that high-performance AZO–GO hybrid can be manipulated by optimizing intermolecular nonbonding interactions.
Bi0.9Ho0.1FeO3/TiO2 Composite Thin Films: Synthesis and Study of Optical, Electrical and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Islam Md. Rafiqul , Zubair M. A. , Bashar M. S. , Rashid A. K. M. B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA visible light active Bi0.9Ho0.1FeO3 nanoparticles/TiO2 composite thin films with different mol.% of Bi0.9Ho0.1FeO3 were successfully prepared via non-aqueous sol-gel method. The incorporation of 5, 10 and 20 mol.% Bi0.9Ho0.1FeO3 nanoparticles in the precursor solution of TiO2 brings modifications in the functional properties of the composite thin films. XPS analysis indicates that interdiffusion of Fe3+, Ho3+, Bi3+/Ti4+ ions through the interfaces between Bi0.9Ho0.1FeO3 nanoparticles and TiO2 matrix reduces the concentration of Ti3+ ions. X-ray diffraction analysis affirms that TiO2 and Bi0.9Ho0.1FeO3 retain anatase and orthorhombic phase respectively in composite films. The composite thin film containing 20 mol.% Bi0.9Ho0.1FeO3 nanoparticles exhibits the most prominent absorption phenomenon in visible region and has significantly reduced indirect band gap of 2.46 eV compared to that of pure TiO2 (3.4 eV). Hall effect measurements confirm that the resistivity of composite film increases by ∼2.33 orders of magnitude and its carrier concentration decreases by 1.8 orders of magnitude at 5 mol.% Bi0.9Ho0.1FeO3 nanoparticles addition compared to those of pure TiO2 film. Moreover, the pure film exhibits diamagnetism, whereas the composite films have both large ferromagnetic and small diamagnetic components. The findings in this research justify that the composite film can be a potential candidate for making improved photocatalyst, resistors and spintronic devices.
Glucocorticoids do not influence a secondary sexual trait or its behavioral expression in eastern fence lizards
Authors: MacLeod K. J. , McCormick G. L. , Langkilde T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSecondary sexual traits and associated behaviors can be influenced by environmental factors such as exposure to stressors. Such effects may be mediated by the physiological stress response, which is typified by the release of glucocorticoid hormones. The effects of glucocorticoids on sexual traits such as plumage and display coloration have most commonly been studied in isolation rather than in conjunction with other pertinent aspects of signalling, such as behavior and habitat use, though these have substantial potential to alter signal perception. Here we test the effects of corticosterone (CORT), a common glucocorticoid, on a secondary sexual trait (badge coloration) in male eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus), and behaviors associated with its expression. We show that neither baseline nor experimentally manipulated CORT levels were associated with badge coloration. Further, elevation of CORT levels in the field did not alter signalling or associated territorial behaviors. There was a trend for CORT-treatment to influence perch height selection, which may influence signal perception. We suggest that future studies investigating the effects of environmental stressors and associated physiological changes on secondary sexual traits should consider behaviors and ecology relevant to signal perception in order to best understand the influence of stressors in nature.
Mitochondrial function in immature bovine oocytes is improved by an increase of cellular cyclic AMP
Authors: Hashimoto Shu , Yamanaka Masaya , Yamochi Takayuki , Iwata Hisataka , Kawahara-Miki Ryouka , Inoue Masayasu , Morimoto Yoshiharu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is important for assisted reproduction, the rate of development of embryos from IVM oocytes is lower than from their in vivo counterparts. It has been shown that an artificial increase of intracellular cAMP before culture significantly improves oocyte developmental competence in cattle and mice. Here, we revealed that forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine treatment of prophase-stage oocytes induced the expression of genes required for glycolysis, fatty acid degradation, and the mitochondrial electron transport system and improved mitochondrial functions and ATP levels in oocytes without involving nuclear maturation. We propose the existence of a comprehensive energy-supply system in oocytes under follicle-stimulating hormone stimulation as a potential explanation of how oocytes acquire developmental competence.
Geochemical study of carbonate concretions from the aqueduct of Nîmes (southern France): a climatic record for the first centuries AD?
Authors: Benjelloun Yacine , Carlut Julie , Hélie Jean-François , Chazot Gilles , Le Callonnec Laurence 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe first centuries AD in the Mediterranean region have generally been associated with a warm, stable climate. High-resolution sedimentary archives sensitive to local environmental change are needed to switch from this general frame to the regional scale. Similarly to cave speleothems, laminated carbonate deposits can grow in the channels of aqueducts which transported water from karstic springs during the Roman period. The deposits of the aqueduct of Nîmes (SE France) are exceptional since they may represent several centuries of paleoenvironmental record with a seasonal resolution. δ18O, δ13C and trace elements were measured in three samples from this aqueduct. The comparison of the geochemical signals with the fine texture of the deposits evidenced the seasonal nature of the lamination observed. This allowed us to document the evolution of environment as recorded through the deposit for the period 50–275 AD. The concretions of the aqueduct of Nîmes document rather stable climatic conditions for the first three centuries AD, as well as a local vegetation change possibly linked to an increased in land use.
Improved survival prognostication of node-positive malignant melanoma patients utilizing shotgun proteomics guided by histopathological characterization and genomic data
Authors: Betancourt Lazaro Hiram , Pawłowski Krzysztof , Eriksson Jonatan , Szasz A. Marcell , Mitra Shamik , Pla Indira , Welinder Charlotte , Ekedahl Henrik , Broberg Per , Appelqvist Roger , Yakovleva Maria , Sugihara Yutaka , Miharada Kenichi , Ingvar Christian , Lundgren Lotta , Baldetorp Bo , Olsson Håkan , Rezeli Melinda , Wieslander Elisabet , Horvatovich Peter , Malm Johan , Jönsson Göran , Marko-Varga György 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMetastatic melanoma is one of the most common deadly cancers, and robust biomarkers are still needed, e.g. to predict survival and treatment efficiency. Here, protein expression analysis of one hundred eleven melanoma lymph node metastases using high resolution mass spectrometry is coupled with in-depth histopathology analysis, clinical data and genomics profiles. This broad view of protein expression allowed to identify novel candidate protein markers that improved prediction of survival in melanoma patients. Some of the prognostic proteins have not been reported in the context of melanoma before, and few of them exhibit unexpected relationship to survival, which likely reflects the limitations of current knowledge on melanoma and shows the potential of proteomics in clinical cancer research.