bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Circulating Biomarkers in Relation to Various Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients-A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mathala Nalini , Akula Annapurna , Hegde Sharat , Bitra Raghava , Sachedev Virender 
Published: August 2019

Aim:
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between inflammatory markers,
and diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic patients.

Methods:
The study was a cross-sectional study included 150 type 2 diabetic patients who were divided
into 3 groups. 50 in each group are divided as Diabetic patients without retinopathy (DM, n=50), nonproliferative
diabetic retinopathy patients (NPDR, n=50), proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients
(PDR, n=50). All the patients were subjected to complete clinical examination and laboratory investigations,
such as fasting and postprandial blood glucose, serum creatinine, lipid profile tests, glycosylated
haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, serum inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein)
and serum VEGF.

Results:
The study revealed from the multivariate analysis that age, duration and WHR (waist-hip ratio)
are potent risk factors responsible for the risk of Diabetic retinopathy. Similarly, serum creatinine,
CRP, TNF- alpha and VEGF are significantly higher in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to
diabetic patients without retinopathy.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that inflammation was associated with severe diabetic retinopathy in
patients with well-controlled diabetes. A possible relationship was provided between the risk factors
and biomarkers which are responsible for Diabetic retinopathy. Hence, modifying the risk factors risk
and development of severe diabetic retinopathy can be reduced.
Development of Functional Dark Chocolate by Incorporating Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) Oil and Honey with Improved Organoleptic and Textural Attributes
Authors: Singh Dixita , Tripathi Abhishek D. , Adhikari Kundan S. , Paul Veena 
Published: August 2019

Background:Chocolate is one of the most consumable fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), possessing many health benefits. The present study was envisaged to develop dark chocolate incorporated with flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil and honey. Flaxseed oil contains omega-3 fatty acid which is useful in heart disease, arthritis, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and cancer, whereas honey acts as an antioxidant.Objective:The objective of this study was to develop functional dark chocolate with improved organoleptic, textural and functional attributes by optimizing the ingredients levels such as flaxseed oil and honey and its further validation for quality improvement.Methods:The chocolate composition was optimized by selecting two variables including flaxseed oil (1-2.5g) and honey (10-15g) at 3 levels in central composite rotatable design (CCRD) by using Design- Expert version 11 software tool.Results:After optimization, the best-predicted formulation comprising flaxseed oil 2.37% (w/w) and honey 15% (w/w) showed best sensorial score (p<0.05) with desirability 0.826.Conclusion:Physicochemical analysis of optimized formulation showed significant improvement in organoleptic attributes (p <0.05) with a significant increase of 10.22% (p <0.05) in antioxidant activity in comparison to control.
The Comparative Amount of Acrylamide in Tahdig Prepared with the Most Common Edible Liquid and Solid Oils
Authors: Akbari-adergani Behrouz , Ahmadi Asghar , Jahedkhanki Gholamreza , Nodehi Ramin N. , Sadighara Parisa 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Due to the heating of amino acids with edible oils to high temperatures,
different amounts of acrylamide are produced.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to compare the level of acrylamide in the tahdig of bread
and tahdig of potato prepared with the common liquid and solid edible oils, including sunflower,
corn, canola, frying oil and solid oils.

Methods:
The tahdig of bread and potato was prepared under the same temperature and time with
different oils. Acrylamide isolation was performed on a solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and
acrylamide was determined using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results:
The highest amount of acrylamide was obtained with sunflower oil in the tahdig of potato
(194.091 mg/Kg) and the lowest amount of acrylamide was obtained with solid oil in the tahdig of
bread (48.54 mg/Kg). For all the oils, the acrylamide content of the tahdig of potato was higher than
bread.

Conclusion:
This study clearly demonstrated the involvement of the kind of oils in the formation of
acrylamide in the tahdig of bread.
ROS Inhibitory Activity and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Benzoyl, Acetyl, Alkyl Ester, and Sulfonate Ester Substituted Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: Salar Uzma , Khan Khalid M. , Jabeen Almas , Faheem Aisha , Naqvi Farwa , Ahmed Shakil , Iqbal Erum , Ali Farman , Kanwal  , Perveen Shahnaz 
Published: August 2019

Background:
A number of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including
aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen, flufenamic acid, and phenylbutazone are being clinically used to
treat inflammatory disorders. These NSAIDs are associated with serious side effects such as gastric
ulceration, nephrotoxicity, and bleeding. Therefore, the identification of potent and safe therapy
for inflammatory disorders is still of great interest to the medicinal chemist.

Methods:
A series of varyingly substituted benzoyl, acetyl, alkyl ester, and sulfonate ester substituted
coumarins 1-64 were screened for the inhibition of ROS, generated from zymosan activated
whole blood phagocytes, using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence technique.

Results:
Among all tested compounds, 8 (IC50 = 65.0 ± 3.1 μM), 24 (IC50 = 41.8 ± 1.5 μM), 26
(IC50 = 10.6 ± 2.8 μM), 28 (IC50 = 20.9 ± 1.5 μM), and 41 (IC50 = 4.6 ± 0.3 μM) showed good anti-
inflammatory potential as compared to standard antiinflammatory drug ibuprofen (IC50 = 54.3 ±
1.9 μM). Specifically, compounds 24, 26, 28, and 41 showed superior activity than standard antiinflammatory
drug. Furthermore, compounds 12 (IC50 = 219.0 ± 1.4 μM), 14 (IC50 = 216.5 ± 6.2
μM), 16 (IC50 = 187.4 ± 2.2 μM), and 20 (IC50 = 196.2 ± 2.0 μM) showed moderate ROS inhibitory
activity. Limited SAR study revealed that the hydroxy-substituted compound showed better
ROS inhibition potential in case of 3-benzoyl and 3-ethylester coumarin derivatives. Whereas,
chloro substitution was found to be important in case of 3-acetyl coumarin derivatives. Similarly,
in case of sulfonate ester, chloro, and nitro groups especially at positions -4 and -3 of ring “R”
played vital role in ROS inhibition. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of all active compounds was also
checked on NIH-3T3 cell line. Compounds 12, 14, and 20 were found to be non-cytotoxic. Whereas,
8, 16, 24, 26, 28, and 41 were found to be very weak cytotoxic as compared to standard cycloheximide
(IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.02 μM).

Conclusion:
Identified ROS inhibitors offer the possibility of additional modifications that could
give rise to lead structures for further research in order to obtain more potent, and safer antiinflammatory
agent.
Novel Benzoxazin-3-one Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, Anti-HIV-1 and Integrase Inhibitory Assay
Authors: Safakish Mahdieh , Hajimahdi Zahra , Vahabpour Rouhollah , Zabihollahi Rezvan , Zarghi Afshin 
Published: August 2019

Introduction:
Integrase is a validated drug target for anti-HIV-1 therapy. The second
generation integrase inhibitors display π-stacking interaction ability with 3’-end nucleotide as a
streamlined metal chelating pharmacophore.

Method:
In this study, we introduced benzoxazin-3-one scaffold for integrase inhibitory potential
as bioisostere replacement strategy of 2-benzoxazolinone.

Results:
Molecular modeling studies revealed that amide functionality alongside oxadiazole heteroatoms
and sulfur in the second position of oxadiazole ring could mimic the metal chelating
pharmacophore. The halobenzyl ring occupies hydrophobic site created by the cytidylate nucleotide
(DC-16).

Conclusion:
The most potent and selective compound displayed 110 μM IC50 with a selectivity
index of more than 2.
Improvement of the Anticancer Activity of Chlorambucil and Ibuprofen via Calix[4]arene Conjugates
Authors: Pedro-Hernández Luis D. , Organista-Mateos Ulises , Allende-Alarcón Luis I. , Martínez-Klimova Elena , Ramírez-Ápan Teresa , Martínez-García Marcos 
Published: August 2019

Background:
One of the possible ways of improving the activity and selectivity profile
of anticancer agents is to design drug carrier systems employing nanomolecules. Calix[4]arene derivatives
and chlorambucil and ibuprofen are important compounds that exhibit interesting anticancer
properties.

Objective:
The objective of this article is the synthesis of new calix[4]arene-derivative conjugates
of chlorambucil or ibuprofen with potential anticancer activity.

Methods:
Cytotoxicity assays were determined using the protein-binding dye sulforhodamine B
(SRB) in microculture to measure cell growth as described [19, 20]. Conjugates of chlorambucil
and resorcinarene-dendrimers were prepared in 2% DMSO and added into the culture medium
immediately before use. Control cells were treated with 2% DMSO.

Results:
Thus, calix[4]arene-derivative conjugates of chlorambucil or ibuprofen showed good stability
of the chemical link between drug and spacer. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the
calix[4]arene chlorambucil or ibuprofen conjugates employing a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay in
K-562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells) and U-251 (human glioblastoma cells) demonstrated
that the conjugate was more potent as an antiproliferative agent than free chlorambucil
and ibuprofen. The conjugates did not show any activity against the COS-7 African green monkey
kidney fibroblast cell line.

Conclusion:
In the paper, we report the synthesis and spectroscopic analyses of new calix[4]arene
derivative conjugates of chlorambucil or ibuprofen. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that at 10 μM, the
conjugates were very active against K-562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells) and U-
251 (human glioblastoma cells) cancer cells' proliferation. In order to explain the molecular
mechanisms involved in the anticancer activity of calix[4]arene chlorambucil or ibuprofen conjugates,
our research will be continued.
A Sensitive HPLC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Selegiline in Beagle Dog Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Liu Hongrui , Chen Fang , Wang Bing , Wang Hao , Jin Shasha , Yang Zhou , Chen Yusheng , Quan Yingjun , Xiang Xiaoqiang 
Published: August 2019

Objective:To develop a reliable and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of selegiline in Beagle dog plasma and apply the validated method to study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral selegiline lyophilizate in Beagle dogs.Methods:Following alkalization with 1 M sodium hydroxide solution, selegiline and the Internal Standard (IS) zolmitriptan were extracted using tert-butyl methyl ether and separated on a CAPCELL PAK C18 column under isocratic conditions. They were detected by MS/MS using electrospray ionization (ESI) in the positive mode. Quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with transitions of m/z 188.05→90.9 for selegiline and m/z 288.05→57.95 for IS.Results:Calibration curves were constructed in the concentration range of 0.2–200 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.21 ng/mL. The matrix effect of dog plasma on the selegiline signal ranged from 98.8 to 105.6%, and the mean extraction recovery ranged from 79.0% to 81.4% at concentrations of 1.04, 20.8, and 166 ng/mL. The intra-day precision was lower than 6.86% and the inter-day precisions were lower than 4.63%.Conclusion :The validation results demonstrated the reliability of this bioanalytical method, which was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of 1.25 mg of orally administered selegiline lyophilizate in Beagle dogs. The pharmacokinetic results were also compared with those obtained following intragastric (i.g.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration. Buccal delivery of selegiline was found to significantly increase its bioavailability.
Dose-response Evaluation of Propolis Dental Varnish in Children: A Randomized Control Study
Authors: Neto Edilson Martins Rodrigues , Valadas Lídia Audrey Rocha , Lobo Patrícia Leal Dantas , Fernandes Analice Mendes Barreto , da Cruz Fonseca Said Gonçalves , Fechine Francisco Vagnaldo , Júnior Francisco Josimar Girão , Bandeira Mary Anne Medeiros , de França Fonteles Marta Maria 
Published: August 2019

Background:Early childhood caries is a sugar-dependent disease with multifactorial modulating factors affecting deciduous dentition. It is defined as the presence of at least one decayed tooth, absence of a tooth due to caries or the existence of a temporary restoration in a tooth in a child between zero and 71 months of age. No BRP varnish was found in intellectual property banks, therefore it was registered and deposited with patent number BR1020160190142.Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response concentration of alcoholic extract of Brazilian red propolis (BRP), in the form of dental varnish, against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in children.Methods:Twenty-four children, aged between 36 and 71 months, of both genders and without caries, were selected to participate in this pilot study and grouped randomly into four groups to receive different concentrations of BRP varnish (1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%). The varnish was applied to the surface of all second deciduous molars. The antimicrobial activity was observed in saliva, which was collected in two phases: before applying the BRP varnish and after use.Results:There was microbiological reduction of S. mutans in the oral cavity of the children in all the tested concentrations. The highest percentage reduction of S. mutans was observed at the concentration of 2.5% (P = 0.0443).Conclusion:The BRP extract in the form of dental varnish has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and constitutes a possible alternative in the prevention of dental caries.
Dynamic Trust Management Model for the Internet of Things and Smart Sensors: The Challenges and Applications
Authors: Dwivedi Anshu K. , Sharma A. K. , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Internet of Things (IoT) is an important technology that promises a smart
human being life, by allowing a communications between objects, machines and every things together
with peoples. Trust is an important parameter which is closely related IOT with respect to
sending a message source to destination.

Objective:
In this model the Internet of Thing (IOT) system to pledge with misbehaving nodes
whose status are non deterministic. This paper also presents an overview of trust management
model in IoT. The accuracy, robustness, and lightness of the proposed model is approved through
a wide arrangement of recreations.

Methods:
In order to achieve the desired objective, the following four contributions has been proposed
to improve the trust over internet of thing (IoT):1) End-to-end packet forwarding ratio
(EPFR) 2) AEC 3) Packet Delivery Ratio 4) Detection Probability.

Results:
In this paper we calculate the performance of TM-IoT in term of End-to-End Packet Forwarding
Ratio (EPFR) 2) AEC 3) Packet Delivery Ratio 4) Detection Probability. The exploratory
result analysis shows the efficiency of proposed model as compared to existing work.

Conclusion:
The proposed model TM-IoT show the better exploratory result as compared to existing
work in terms of End-to-End Packet Forwarding Ratio (EPFR) , AEC, Packet Delivery Ratio,
Detection Probability.
Specific and Sensitive RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Aripiprazole: Application in Preformulation Screening of Nanoemulsion
Authors: Kumbhar Santosh A. , Kokare Chandrakant R. , Shrivastava Birendra , Choudhury Hira 
Published: August 2019

Background:
It has been hypothesized that delivery of aripiprazole through
nanoemulsion formulation would better deliver the drug into the central nervous system
to treat major depressive conditions in psychological patients. Due course of formulation
development, to determine solubility of the drug in different matrices and nanoemulsion
is an important step.

Materials & Methods:
Therefore, a simple, rapid and selective reversed phase high performance
liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for
the determination of aripiprazole as per International Conference of Harmonization (ICH)
guidelines. Satisfactory analysis method was employed for the quantitative determination
of aripiprazole during pre-formulation development.

Results and Discussion:
The separation technique was achieved using the mobile phases
of methanol-acetonitrile, 80:20 (v/v) delivered at 1.0 mL.min-1 flow rate through HIQ
SIL C18 250x4.6 mm (5 μm particle size) column and detected at 218 nm wavelength.
The method depicted linear calibration plots within the range of 5 to 50 µg.mL-1 with a
determination coefficient (r2) of 0.9991 calculated by least square regression method.
The validated method was sensitive with LOD of 10.0 ng.mL-1 and 30.0 ng.mL-1 of
LOQ. The intra-day and inter-day precision values were ranged between 0.37-0.89 and
0.63-1.11 respectively, with accuracy ranging from 98.24 to 100.88 and 97.03 to 100.88,
respectively. This developed and validated method was found to be sensitive for the determination
of aripiprazole for the first time from various oils, surfactants, co-surfactants,
and nanoemulsion formulation.

Conclusion:
This RP-HPLC method was successfully implemented for the quantitative
determination of aripiprazole at developmental stages of nanoemulsion formulation.
Evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial additives against biogenic acidification in simulated wastewater exposure solutions
Authors: Erbektas Ali Riza , Isgor O. Burkan , Weiss W. Jason 
Published: August 2019

Microbially Induced Corrosion of Concrete (MICC) is a progressive three-stage deterioration process that is primarily associated with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). One strategy for mitigating MICC is the use of antimicrobial additives. It is hypothesized that the performance of antimicrobial products is influenced by the pH of the environment, the bacterial population, and the level of bacterial activity. To test this hypothesis, three bacterial activity-population levels were tested in environments with different pH levels to evaluate the efficacy of a typical antimicrobial product against planktonic SOB. The ability of the antimicrobial product to prevent or delay the biogenic acidification was considered as the criterion for its efficacy. The tested antimicrobial product was successful in delaying or preventing MICC with low and moderate bacterial populations and activity for all pH levels greater than 4. Lower pH levels were not tested in this investigation. Antimicrobial products were successful in delaying or preventing MICC with severe bacterial populations and activity for all pH levels tested greater than 6. The results support the main hypothesis of the research; therefore, the selection of whether to utilize an antimicrobial product requires an understanding of the operational pH of the environment as well as knowledge on the target bacterial population and activity.
PELATIHAN REGULASI EMOSI ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH (3-4 TAHUN)
Authors: Putri Christopora Intan Himawan , Primana Linda 
Published: August 2019

Regulasi emosi berpengaruh pada interaksi sosial serta keberlangsungan kegiatan belajar mengajar di sekolah. Pada anak usia prasekolah kemampuan regulasi emosi sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan sekitarnya, yakni lingkungan rumah dan sekolah. Pelatihan Regulasi Emosi Anak Usia Prasekolah (3-4 tahun) merupakan intervensi yang dilakukan di sekolah dan di rumah dengan melibatkan peranan dari pihak guru dan orangtua. Partisipan (n=9) merupakan anak usia prasekolah (3-4 tahun) yang diberikan intervensi berupa emotion course dan shared book reading. Emotion course merupakan salah satu sesi yang di adaptasi dari program Emotion-based Preventive Intervention yang mengajarkan anak untuk belajar dan mempraktikkan akan pengenalan, penamaan, aktivasi, regulasi serta kegunaan dari emosi. Shared book reading menggunakan buku cerita bergambar dengan tema emosi dasar yang dibuat dengan memperhatikan teori perkembangan serta kekhasan anak Indonesia usia 3-4 tahun. Penelitian ini telah melalui proses kaji etik dan dinyatakan lulus. Kata kunci: Intervensi kelas, intervensi dini, emotion book, pengaturan emosi dan prasekolah
IDENTIFIKASI POLA PENGENALAN LITERASI PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Husnaini Nani 
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini di Kota Mataram yang mencakup konsep pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini di kota mataram, prosedur pengenalan literasi pada anak usai dini di kota mataram, media apa saja yang digunakan dalam pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini di kota mataram, metode apa saja yang digunakan pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini di kota mataram, dan capaian kemampuan literasi anak usia dini di kota mataram. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Adapun hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa 1) Konsep pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini di beberapa TK/PAUD yang menjadi sasaran penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pengenalan literasi dimaknai sebagai suatu proses pengenalan baca-tulis dasar pada anak untuk mempersiapkan anak melanjutkan studi pada jenjang berikutnya dengan tahapan, perbedaan kemampuan anak, materi serta metode pembelajaran yang diterapkan, 2) Pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini di Kita Mataram dilakukan secara bertahap dengan memperhatikan tahap perkembangan anak. pengenalan literasi dimulai dari mengenalkan bentuk huruf, membaca dan menulis kata hingga membaca dan menulis kalimat sederhana. 3) Media yang digunakan dalam pengenalan literasi pada anak usia dini sangat bervariasi, seperti kantong huruf, kartu huruf, puzzle huruf, buku cerita, pohon literasi, balok huruf, dimana dalam penggunaan media juga tergambar tahapan pengenalan literasi yang disesuaikan dengan usia dan kemampuan anak usia dini. 4) Metode pengenalan literasi dengan metode bercerita, bermain, dan menyanyi. 5) Kemampuan anak dalam membaca dan menulis permulaan dapat dilihat ketika sudah memasuki semester dua, khususnya kelas B. Rata-rata anak sudah mampu membaca kalimat sederhana. Kata Kunci: pola, literasi, anak usia dini
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Interaktif Berbasis ICT terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Terpadu
Authors: Worosetyaningsih Tri 
Published: August 2019

Mata pelajaran IPS sebagai bagian integral dari kurikulum sekolah, memerlukan guru-guru yang mampu melaksanakan pembelajaran yang efektif, dalam arti menguasai materi, mampu memilih permasalahan yang layak diangkat sebagai bahan belajar, serta mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran yang mampu mengoptimalkan pencapaian kompetensi (Mukminan, 2009: 4). Agar dapat melaksanakan pembelajaran secara efektif diperlukan suatu media pembelajaran, salah satunya dengan penggunaan media berbasis ICT.