bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifting vs volumizing—The difference in facial minimally invasive procedures when respecting the line of ligaments
Authors: Casabona Gabriela , Frank Konstantin , Koban Konstantin C. , Freytag David L. , Schenck Thilo L. , Lachman Nirusha , Green Jeremy B. , Toni Sabiha , Rudolph Christina , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe arrangement of the facial soft tissue layers is different with respect to the line of ligaments: medially oblique and laterally in parallel.AimsThis split‐face study was designed to investigate the effects on midfacial volumization if the same medial vs lateral injection points are targeted in various sequences.MethodsTwelve patients (3 males, 9 females; 46.67 years ± 4.5) were included in this interventional study. On the right side of the face, lateral injection points were performed first, whereas on the left side, medial injection points were executed first. The infraorbital hollowness score, the upper cheek fullness score, the global aesthetic improvement scale, and the injected volume were assessed.ResultsNo side differences were observed after the intervention with P = 1.00 for all scores. When the lateral injection points were performed first, the volume injected into the medially located injection points (0.46 ± 0.26 cc vs 0.73 ± 0.31 cc [P = .037]), into the lateral injection points (0.79 ± 0.40 cc vs 1.15 ± 0.28 cc [P = .017]), and overall (1.26 ± 0.64 cc vs 1.88 ± 0.57 cc [P = .02]) was significantly reduced.ConclusionThe results of the present study emphasize the importance of respecting the layered arrangement of the facial soft tissues when performing minimally invasive soft tissue filler injections. Targeting injection points lateral to the line of ligaments first reduces the volume needed to symmetrically and aesthetically appealing manner and volumizes the infraorbital and upper cheek regions.
Natural selection acting on integrated phenotypes: covariance among functional leaf traits increases plant fitness
Authors: Damián Xóchitl , Ochoa‐López Sofía , Gaxiola Aurora , Fornoni Juan , Domínguez César A. , Boege Karina 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Plant functional strategies are usually accomplished through the simultaneous expression of different traits, and hence their correlations should be promoted by natural selection. The adaptive value of correlations among leaf functional traits, however, has not been assessed in natural populations.

We estimated intraspecific variation in leaf functional traits related to the primary metabolism and anti‐herbivore defence in a population of Turnera velutina. We analysed whether natural selection favoured the expression of individual traits, particular combinations of traits or leaf phenotypic integration.

Patterns of covariation among traits were related to water and nitrogen economy, and were similar among genotypes, but the magnitude of their phenotypic integration differed by 10‐fold. Although families did not differ in the mean values of leaf functional traits, directional selection favoured low nitrogen content and low chemical defence, high content of chlorophyll, sugar in extrafloral nectar and trichome density. Families with higher phenotypic integration among leaf traits grew faster and produced more flowers.

We suggest that the coordinated expression of leaf traits has an adaptive value, probably related to optimisation in the expression of traits related to water conservation and nitrogen acquisition.
Dr. S.ʼs Badereisen
Authors: Kulishkina Olga , Polubojarinova Larissa N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDie Studie stellt sich zur Aufgabe, aufgrund einiger poetischer Texte W. G. Sebalds aus den Jahren 1975–2000 sowie der Badeort‐Episoden aus Schwindel. Gefühle. und Austerlitz die starke Verankerung des Autors im europäischen Netzwerk der Kurortnarrative aufzuzeigen. Des weiteren sollen die Hauptparameter der (vor allem in Austerlitz) erfolgenden Unterminierung bzw. Sprengung von Grunddispositionen dieses Nexus untersucht werden. Es zeigt sich, dass das in Sebalds Texten angesprochene europäische Kurortnetzwerk des neunzehnten und angehenden zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts vor allem auf der Achse Autor–Leser als ein multipler Gedächtnisort der europäischen Moderne par excellence kommuniziert werden kann. Die von der posthistoire bzw. postmemory geschärfte Optik macht besonders am Beispiel der Marienbader Episode in Austerlitz die heterotop geprägte potenzierte Fähigkeit des Kurort‐Raums offensichtlich, als Spuren‐ und Zeichenträger der darin abgelagerten, im Medium der Sebaldschen Texte sich bricolageartig „zusammenreimenden“ „Psychologismen“, „Identifikationen“ bzw. „Utopismen“ zu erscheinen. Angesichts dieser Zeichen und Spuren wird auch die notorische „Gespaltenheit“ der Protagonisten bei Sebald in ein neues Licht gestellt und als Inversion einer „typischen“ Disposition eines Romanhelden ausgehandelt.
Revision Surgery after Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy Compared with Primary Open Surgery for Symptomatic Lumbar Degenerative Disease
Authors: Liang Jin‐qian , Chen Chong , Zhao Hong 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical outcome of reoperation after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) as compared with primary spinal decompression and fusion.MethodsA retrospective study from December 2014 to December 2017 was conducted at Peking Union Medical College Hospital and comprised 39 patients with symptomatic lumbar degenerative disease (LDD): 13 post‐PELD who underwent reoperation (revision surgery group) and 26 who received primary spinal decompression and fusion (primary open surgery group). The two groups were compared regarding: operative time, blood loss, transfusion, hospitalization, postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) improvement rate, and postoperative complications. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was applied to analyze continuous parameters, and the χ2‐test for categorical parameters. Fisher's exact test was used for small data subsets.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in mean age (52.7 years vs 52.9 years), gender ratio (6 men‐to‐7 women vs 12 men‐to‐14 women), body mass index, medical history, preoperative diagnosis, or surgical spine level (P > 0.05). The mean operative time of the revision surgery group was significantly longer than that of the primary open surgery group (160.0 min vs 130.2 min, P < 0.05). The revision surgery group also had a significantly higher mean estimated blood loss, postoperative drainage, and length of hospital stay (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of hemoglobin and hematocrit values, preoperatively and postoperatively. The rate of transitional neurological irritation was higher in the revision surgery group (61.5% vs 3.8%; P < 0.05), as was intraoperative durotomy and cerebrospinal fluid leakage (30.8% vs 3.8%, P < 0.05). At 1 month, the VAS and ODI scores of the primary open surgery group were significantly better than those of the revision surgery group, while the improvement in JOA scores was similar. After 6 and 12 months’ follow‐up, the VAS and ODI scores and the rates of JOA improvement were comparable.ConclusionPatients with LDD who received primary spinal decompression and fusion experienced lower rates of perioperative complications and shorter hospitalization compared with patients who underwent revision surgery after PELD, but the clinical outcomes at the last follow‐up of both groups were satisfactory.
A framework for the management of the pediatric airway
Authors: Engelhardt Thomas , Fiadjoe John E. , Weiss Markus , Baker Paul , Bew Stephanie , Echeverry Marín Piedad , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S 
Published: August 2019

SummaryCritical airway incidents in children are a frequent problem in pediatric anesthesia and remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Young children are at particular risk in the perioperative period. Delayed management of airway obstruction can quickly lead to serious complications due to the short apnea tolerance in children. A simple, time critical, and pediatric‐specific airway management approach combined with dedicated teaching, training, and frequent practice will help to reduce airway‐related pediatric morbidity and mortality. There is currently no pediatric‐specific universal framework available to guide practice. Current algorithms are modifications of adult approaches which are often inappropriate because of differences in age‐related anatomy, physiology, and neurodevelopment. A universal and pragmatic approach is required to achieve acceptance across diverse pediatric clinicians, societies, and groups. Such a framework will also help to establish minimum standards for pediatric airway equipment, personnel, and medications whenever pediatric airway management is required.
Correlations of serum leptin and leptin resistance with depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cernea Simona , Both Emőke , Huţanu Adina , Şular Floredana Laura , Roiban Andrada Larisa 
Published: August 2019

AimThe associations of serum leptin/soluble leptin receptor (sObR) and leptin resistance with symptoms of depression and anxiety were investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsWe report the results of two cross‐sectional studies, performed 2 years apart, that included 216 and 237 T2D patients, respectively. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed with specific questionnaires (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7, respectively). Laboratory data (including leptin and sObR) were collected, and free leptin index (FLI), as an estimate of leptin resistance, was calculated. One hundred forty patients had laboratory data available on both occasions, and were evaluated longitudinally. Simple and multiple correlations between depression/anxiety and parameters of interest were performed.ResultsIn both studies, serum leptin levels were higher, whereas resting energy expenditure/leptin ratios were lower in T2D patients with depressive and moderate–severe anxiety symptoms. In the second study, patients with depressive symptoms had higher FLI and lower sObR levels, while those with moderate–severe anxiety only had higher FLI. Depression scores correlated with serum leptin (r = 0.29, [95%CI: 0.14–0.42]; r = 0.32, [95%CI: 0.18–0.45]) and FLI (r = 0.30, [95%CI: 0.15–0.43]; r = 0.32, [95%CI: 0.17–0.45]; P < 0.0001 for all). Multiple regression analyses identified leptin (β = 0.167; t ratio = 1.98) and FLI (β = 2.935, t ratio = 2.44) (P < 0.05 for both) as variables that significantly contributed to depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were present in significantly more patients with leptin levels in the highest versus the lowest quartiles on both evaluations (odds ratio: 5.98, 95%CI [1.76–20.32], P < 0.01).ConclusionDepressive and moderate–severe anxiety symptoms were associated with high leptin concentrations and leptin resistance in T2D patients.
The influence of health literacy on emergency department utilization and hospitalizations in adolescents with sickle cell disease
Authors: Caldwell Elizabeth Perry 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveHealthcare spending in the US is $3.2 trillion. $1.1 trillion is attributed to hospital care, including emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. There is a relationship between ED utilization, hospitalizations, and health literacy in the general population. Health literacy may play a role in frequent ED visits and hospitalizations in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship among health literacy levels, annual hospital encounters, annual clinic visits, annual ED visits, and annual hospitalizations in 134 Black, non‐Hispanic adolescents aged 10–19 years with SCD.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional, descriptive correlational study evaluating facilitators and barriers to health literacy and clinical outcomes in adolescents with SCD.SampleData were collected from 134 Black, non‐Hispanic adolescents with SCD at a large, tertiary care center in Texas.MeasurementsThe Newest Vital Sign and REALM‐Teen health literacy instruments were used to evaluate health literacy.ResultsContrasting previous studies evaluating the influence of health literacy on ED visits and hospitalizations in the general population, there were no significant relationships within this sample.ConclusionsThis study gives insight into future research to evaluate other potential influences on ED utilization and hospitalizations in pediatric patients with SCD.
Socially oriented thinking and the biological stress response: Thinking of friends and family predicts trajectories of salivary cortisol decline
Authors: Vine Vera , Hilt Lori M. , Marroquín Brett , Gilbert Kirsten E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe cortisol stress response has been related to perceived social support, but previous studies rely on self‐reported social support variables. The cortisol recovery phase in particular has been theorized to serve a social coping function, but individual differences in recovery slope have not yet been examined in relation to social coping‐relevant indices. This study addressed these gaps by examining the relationship of cortisol trajectories after a socioevaluative task to individual differences in covertly assessed cognitions related to close social relationships. We examined trajectories of cortisol change related to socially oriented thinking, the semi‐implicit activation of cognitive representations of friends or family. Young adults (N = 64) gave salivary cortisol samples before and for 45 min after a speech task. Participants' thoughts were sampled repeatedly; the frequency of words related to friends or family was assessed to index socially oriented thinking. A free curve slope intercept latent growth curve model showed excellent fit with the cortisol data. Socially oriented thinking was unrelated to overall magnitude of cortisol response to the task (latent intercept) but predicted the latent cortisol trajectory, independently of cortisol intercept and baseline cortisol levels. Socially oriented thinkers showed more gradual cortisol declines, whereas nonsocially oriented thinkers showed a steeper downslope driven primarily by cortisol changes 45 min after the task. Individual differences in socially oriented thinking may manifest in different rates of biological changes following a performance task.
Estimation of Proportions in Small Areas: Application to the Labour Force Using the Swiss Census Structural Survey
Authors: Molina Isabel , Strzalkowska-Kominiak Ewa 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe main objectives of this paper are to find efficient but computationally simple estimators for the proportions of people in the labour force (economic activity rates) in Swiss communes and to estimate their mean-squared error (MSE) over the sampling replication mechanism (the design MSE). This will be done by combining survey data with administrative data provided by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office. We find estimators with considerably greater efficiency than currently used direct estimators and that are easy to implement. We show that, under a generalized linear mixed model with logit link, the computationally expensive empirical best predictor does not perform appreciably better than a plug-in estimator. Moreover, for moderate proportions of active workers, the empirical best linear unbiased predictor (EBLUP) based on a much simpler linear mixed model performs similarly to the above estimators. We propose new bootstrap estimators of the design MSE of the EBLUPs, which ‘borrow strength’ similarly to EBLUPs. Realistic simulation studies carried out under both model- and design-based set-ups indicate great gains in efficiency of the selected small area estimators over the traditional direct estimators and acceptable performance of the proposed bootstrap MSE estimators. In the application using the Swiss data, coefficient-of-variation reductions of the estimates obtained for the communes are remarkable.
Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Fang Fang , Tang Jingjing , Jia Lu , Feng Yuning , Xu Ping , Faramand Andrew 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate whether vitamin D supplementation is associated with lower mortality in adults.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Data sources
Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register from their inception to 26 December 2018.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Randomised controlled trials comparing vitamin D supplementation with a placebo or no treatment for mortality were included. Independent data extraction was conducted and study quality assessed. A meta-analysis was carried out by using fixed effects and random effects models to calculate risk ratio of death in the group receiving vitamin D supplementation and the control group.

Main outcome measures
All cause mortality.

Results

50 trials with a total of 74 655 participants were identified. Vitamin D supplementation was not associated with all cause mortality (risk ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.02, I
2
=0%), cardiovascular mortality (0.98, 0.88 to 1.08, 0%), or non-cancer, non-cardiovascular mortality (1.05, 0.93 to 1.18, 0%). Vitamin D supplementation statistically significantly reduced the risk of cancer death (0.85, 0.74 to 0.97, 0%). In subgroup analyses, all cause mortality was significantly lower in trials with vitamin D
3
supplementation than in trials with vitamin D
2
supplementation (P for interaction=0.04); neither vitamin D
3
nor vitamin D
2
was associated with a statistically significant reduction in all cause mortality.

Conclusions

Vitamin D supplementation alone was not associated with all cause mortality in adults compared with placebo or no treatment. Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of cancer death by 15%. Additional large clinical studies are needed to determine whether vitamin D
3
supplementation is associated with lower all cause mortality.

Study registration
PROSPERO registration number CRD42018117823.
Economic fluctuations and long-term trends in depression: a repeated cross-sectional study in Estonia 2004–2016
Authors: Leinsalu Mall , Reile Rainer , Stickley Andrew 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundIn the 2000s, the Baltic countries experienced unprecedented credit-driven economic growth that was followed by a deep recession. This study examined the impact of profound macroeconomic changes on population mental health in Estonia in 2004–2016.MethodsData on 17 794 individuals in the 20–64 age group were obtained from seven nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. The prevalence of past 30-day depression was calculated for men and women further stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess whether these characteristics were associated with the yearly variation in depression.ResultsIn 2006, the adjusted prevalence ratio for depression was 0.77 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.93) for men and 0.85 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.97) for women as compared with 2004; in 2010, the prevalence ratio as compared with 2008 for both men and women was 1.22 (95% CIs 1.04 to 1.43 and 1.09 to 1.37, respectively). Among men, the increase in the prevalence of depression in 2008–2010 was statistically significant for 35–64 year olds, ethnic Estonians, those who were married, mid-educated or were employed, whereas among women, a significant increase was observed in 50–64 year olds, Estonians and non-Estonians, those who were not-married, were highly educated or mid-educated, in the mid-income group or were employed.ConclusionsPopulation mental health is responsive to macroeconomic changes. In less wealthy high-income countries, the greater impact of recession on depression among advantaged groups may relate to a higher debt burden coupled with job insecurity.
Financial stress and mental health among higher education students in the UK up to 2018: rapid review of evidence
Authors: McCloud Tayla , Bann David 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionIn the United Kingdom and many other countries, debt accrued during higher education has increased substantially in recent decades. The prevalence of common mental health problems has also increased alongside these changes. However, it is as yet unclear whether there is an association between financial stress and mental health among higher education students.MethodsWe conducted a rapid review of the peer-reviewed scientific literature. Eligible studies were English-language publications testing the association between any indicator of financial stress and mental health among higher education students in the UK. Papers were located through a systematic search of PsychINFO, PubMed and Embase up to November 2018.ResultsThe search strategy yielded 1272 studies—9 met the inclusion criteria. A further two were identified through hand-searching. The median sample size was 408. Only three of seven studies found an association between higher debt and worse mental health. There was a consistent cross-sectional relationship between worse mental health and both experience of financial difficulties (seven of seven studies) and debt worry/financial concern (four of five studies), though longitudinal evidence was mixed and limited to six studies.ConclusionAmong higher education students in the UK, there is little evidence that the amount of debt is associated with mental health. However, more subjective measures of increased financial stress were more consistently associated with worse mental health outcomes. Nevertheless, the identified evidence was judged to be weak; further research is required to examine whether links between financial stress and mental health outcomes are robust and causal in nature.
Effort–reward imbalance and long-term benzodiazepine use: longitudinal findings from the CONSTANCES cohort
Authors: Airagnes Guillaume , Lemogne Cédric , Kab Sofiane , Hoertel Nicolas , Goldberg Marcel , Wahrendorf Morten , Siegrist Johannes , Roquelaure Yves , Limosin Frédéric , Zins Marie 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo examine the association between effort–reward imbalance and incident long-term benzodiazepine use (LTBU).MethodsWe included 31 077 employed participants enrolled in the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort between 2012 and 2014 who had not undergone LTBU in the 2 years before enrolment. LTBU was examined using drug reimbursement administrative databases. The effort–reward imbalance was calculated in quartiles. We computed ORs (95% CIs) for LTBU according to effort–reward imbalance over a 2-year follow-up period. We adjusted for age, gender, education, occupational grade, income, marital status, tobacco smoking, risk of alcohol use disorder, depressive symptoms and self-rated health.ResultsOver the 2-year follow-up, 294 (0.9%) participants experienced incident LTBU. In the univariable analysis, effort–reward imbalance was associated with subsequent LTBU with ORs of 1.79 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.62) and 2.73 (95% CI 1.89 to 3.95) for the third and fourth quartiles, respectively, compared with the first quartile. There was no interaction between effort–reward imbalance and any of the considered variables other than tobacco smoking (p=0.033). The association remained significant in both smokers and non-smokers, with higher odds for smokers (p=0.031). In the fully adjusted model, the association remained significant for the third and fourth quartiles, with ORs of 1.74 (95% CI 1.17 to 2.57) and 2.18 (95% CI 1.50 to 3.16), respectively. These associations were dose dependent (p for trend <0.001).ConclusionsEffort–reward imbalance was linked with incident LTBU over a 2-year follow-up period after adjustment for sociodemographic and health-related factors. Thus, screening and prevention of the risk of LTBU should be systematised among individuals experiencing effort–reward imbalance, with special attention paid to smokers.