bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Class and Inequality Patterns in Post-Revolutionary China during the Mao Period (1949–1976)
Authors: Vakulabharanam Vamsi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
By all known accounts, on the eve of the formation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, economic inequality levels in the predominantly rural-based society were quite high. Additionally, there was significant spatial/regional inequality, such as the intra-urban inequality between coastal and inland provinces. The PRC government interventions significantly altered the patterns of inequality in China. Given the paucity of data for this period, nothing definitive can be said regarding how the national levels of inequality changed over time, although changes in the patterns can be discussed with some confidence, and the direction was toward reducing inequality with varying degrees of success. In this short chapter, a summary is presented of these various patterns of and changes in economic inequality during the Mao period.
Indian Inequality (1951–1983)
Authors: Vakulabharanam Vamsi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Immediately after Indian independence, the Indian economy was quite unequal. Understanding three post-independence dynamics are crucial. First, incorporating the peasantry and urban working poor into the independence struggle from the 1920s went with the promise of creating an egalitarian India with broad-based development. Second, the actions of the existing dominant classes that tried to decisively protect their own interests after independence. Third, there was a tussle among different dominant classes that pushed the state in different directions. This complex dialectic produced a deep puzzle with which this chapter engages. On the one hand, the dominant classes were accorded significant protection right from independence. The bottom 40% in rural as well as urban areas did not witness much improvement until the 1970s (the poverty rate was nearly constant until then). Yet, inequality levels witnessed a decline. This chapter provides an answer to this puzzle.
Comparing Class and Inequality in China and India
Authors: Vakulabharanam Vamsi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter first presents a quantitative comparison of growth and inequality trends in China and India. It proceeds to explain the differences in output growth and inequality levels in terms of the different class dynamics and history. It then locates these class dynamics in terms of different regimes of accumulation or different economic systems that these countries adopted (e.g., during the 1950–80 period). The comparative framework has three dimensions: class analyses of growth and distribution in these two economies, comparison of sectoral and macro dynamics, and the growth and evolution of inequality dynamics located in a larger world system. The chapter delves into the comparative literature of China–India (from economics and political economy literature) and arrives at a synthesis of concepts that are helpful in analyzing inequality dynamics between these two countries. The underlying patterns of inequality in these two economies are remarkably similar, especially after 1980s.
China, India, and their Changing Place in the Global Economy
Authors: Vakulabharanam Vamsi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter does four things. First, it analyzes the growth of China and India and its impact of reducing the between-country inequality component of global inequality. Second, it looks at the increased inequality in China and India and shows how this has increased the within-country inequality component of global inequality. Third, this rise in the within-country component has led to an externalization (markets, capital) of China and India to continents like Africa or Latin America or the emerging Asia. Finally, the chapter speculates on the impact of these transformations on the existing world order to ask whether China or India is becoming imperialist. At this moment, China and India occupy a position of an unfavorable relation of exchange with the advanced capitalist world, and an extractivist relationship with the poorer world.
Of Pots and Plato’s Aesthetics
Authors: Fine Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
What role should examples play in aesthetic inquiry? This essay brings a neglected early episode in the history of aesthetics to bear on this question. Asked 'What is beauty?' in Plato's Hippias Major, Hippias first cites a beautiful maiden. Surprisingly, before refuting this answer, Socrates asks about other examples: a beautiful mare, lyre, and pot (chytra). These widely ignored examples, I show, work to contest an association between beauty and aristocratic class. By beginning the inquiry in this way, Plato emphasizes the need to critique and not rely on cultural examples that incline reflection on beauty.
Analytical performance of a point-of-care CBC hematology analyzer, including a 5-part differential: A prospective study to evaluate a microfluidic flow cytometry–based analyzer in waived settings
Authors: Emerson Jane F , Wang Hao , Siddiqi Imran N 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
A microfluidic flow cytometer–based point-of-care (POC) analyzer was validated against an in-laboratory hematology analyzer (Sysmex XN Automated Hematology System). Concordance on a full complete blood cell count (CBC) with 5-part differential, as performed by operators with no prior clinical laboratory experience, was evaluated.

Methods
We prospectively collected 376 venous blood specimens (376) from individuals with self-reported medical conditions and from apparently healthy individuals. Forty-six additional remnant specimens were acquired to ensure coverage of analytic measuring ranges. Parallel testing was performed, with up to 7 hours between testing on the POC and Sysmex XN analyzers.

Results
Regression analysis resulted in r values of 0.998 to 0.932 for all parameters of a 5-part differential CBC other than basophils (0.709). The mean percentage bias from the reference method, inclusive of the upper and lower reporting limits, was less than 2% for parameters other than lymphocytes (–6.4%), monocytes (25.9%), eosinophils (12.2%), and basophils (–15%). Overall agreement on abnormal flagging was 93.3%.

Conclusions
The Cito CBC microflow cytometer (CytoChip Inc) provides a CBC with a 5-part differential with accuracy, precision, and abnormal flagging equivalent to a moderate-complexity hematology analyzer. It has the key features required of a POC device that can be operated in a waived setting: minimum space requirements, rapid results, single-action measurement (no sample processing or dilution), ease of use, and minimal blood volume.
Evaluation of barcode-assisted medication preparation technology for liquid medication doses
Authors: Deyhim Niaz , Adeola Mobolaji , Bhakta Sunny B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes associated with barcode-assisted medication preparation (BCMP) technology and practice workflows for oral syringe dose preparation in a health-system pharmacy department.

Methods
This evaluative study was conducted at a flagship quaternary academic medical center. An electronic medical record (EMR)–integrated BCMP workflow was implemented in the central pharmacy operational area to enhance the safety of oral syringe dose preparation. The primary endpoints assessed compliance with BCMP implementation and the rate at which potential preparation errors were identified. The secondary endpoints evaluated operational markers of dose preparation batching, information technology enhancement needs, and medication waste avoidance.

Results
A 95% rate of compliance with the BCMP workflow was observed over 2 years. The composite near-miss detection rate improved from year 1 to year 2 of implementation (0.89% vs 0.94%). The composite rate was influenced by increased yearly compliance with BCMP (93.8% vs 95.3%). A total of 176,679 preparations were reviewed in the 2-year period, including 81,240 in year 1 and 89,638 in year 2. The rate at which orders were rejected by pharmacists decreased over time (0.26% in year 1 vs 0.24% in year 2). Of the 1,005 wrong ingredient warnings, only 4 were overridden; in all other instances, the order was rejected at pharmacist checking due to use of an incorrect product in the preparation history. Wrong ingredient warnings led to canceled preparations in 96.1% of alert instances.

Conclusion
EMR-integrated BCMP technology aligned with safety efforts in the oral syringe dose preparation process reduced potential waste of medications and allowed insight into operational performance and volume indicators.
Evaluating pediatric antimicrobial dosing of β-lactam antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in emergency and primary care settings
Authors: Blower Noah , Draper Heather M , McAlpine Tara , Dumkow Lisa E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Pediatric prescribing is often weight and indication specific and has been associated with high rates of error. The aim of this study was to evaluate outpatient β-lactam suspension dosing practices for pediatric upper respiratory tract infections (URIs), to characterize the rate of error and to describe common error types.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a community health system with 2 emergency departments and 20 outpatient family medicine practices. Pediatric patients treated from these settings with oral suspension formulations of amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefdinir, or cephalexin for streptococcal pharyngitis or otitis media between June 1, 2020, and May 31, 2023, were eligible for inclusion. Doses were evaluated against indication-specific best-practice guidelines and assessed for guideline concordance.

Results
Of the 200 patients evaluated, 100 were treated for streptococcal pharyngitis and 100 were treated for otitis media. Of the prescribed β-lactam doses, 32% were discordant with best-practice guideline recommendations. Dosing errors were more common for pharyngitis than for otitis media (47% vs 17%; P &lt; 0.001). Overdosing was the most frequently observed error in pharyngitis prescriptions (93.6% of errors) and most commonly occurred in patients weighing more than the 20-kg weight associated with the dosing maximum (80.9% of overdosing errors). All patients receiving an inappropriate dose for otitis media were underdosed.

Conclusion
Outpatient pediatric dosing errors for URI indications are common among both emergency medicine and family medicine prescribers. Patients weighing over the weight corresponding to the dosing maximum are at highest risk for error. Antimicrobial stewardship interventions targeting the point of prescribing are urgently needed to provide safe dosing practices for pediatric patients.
Determination of ultrafine particle number emission factors from building materials in standardized conditions
Authors: Concha-Lozano Nicolas , Muller Yan , Favreau Philippe , Suarez Guillaume 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
When comparing the particle emissivity for different materials and/or mechanical activities, a serious methodological issue emerges due to the dynamic nature of solid aerosols. Particle size distribution and concentration depend on initial particle emission that constantly evolves due to aerodynamic collisions. In this context, we propose a methodological approach and an experimental setup that enables to assess the release of fine/ultra-fine particles maintaining a steady-state inhalable mass concentration, here chosen at the Swiss occupational exposure level value for biopersistent granular particles (OEL: 10 mg/m3) in a controlled ventilation chamber. As a case study, this methodological protocol was tested in the occupational exposure scenario in which a series of insulating materials based on silica aerogel and conventional mortar and concrete were subjected to handling or sawing. Once the OEL was reached, the particle size distribution and morphology of the aerosols were characterized using direct reading instruments (scanning mobility sizer, aerosol photometer) and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) analyses. As a main result, the presence of silica aerogel in the mortar did not modify the emission profile for submicronic particles during sawing in comparison to the bulk mortar. Emission factors for ultra-fine particles were found to be 88 × 106 and 81 × 106 particles/µg of inhalable dust for the aerogel mortar and bulk mortar, respectively. For concrete sawing, the number concentration of submicronic particles at the OEL is one order of magnitude greater. The aerogel-glass-wool handling generated similar particle number concentration at the OEL with ultra-fine particle emission factors of 647 × 106 particles/µg of inhalable dust, in comparison to 758 × 106 particles/µg of inhalable dust during dry concrete sawing. In conclusion, the methodology introduced in this work provides standardized particle emission factors for comparing materials and activities, while establishing a link between particle number emissions and occupational exposure limits.
Vegetative and reproductive morphology of Othniophyton elongatum (MacGinitie) gen. et comb. nov., an extinct angiosperm of possible caryophyllalean affinity from the Eocene of Colorado and Utah, USA
Authors: Manchester Steven R , Judd Walter S , Correa-Narvaez Julian E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Eocene foliage formerly attributed to the extant araliaceous genus Oreopanax was found attached to twigs bearing inflorescences and infructescences unlike those of Araliaceae. Using newly observable characters of phyllotaxy, vegetative and floral buds, infructescences and seeds, we sought to reassess the affinities of this strange angiosperm.

Methods
Fossils were studied from the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation from near Bonanza, Utah and Douglas Pass, Colorado (~47 Mya). Macrofossil impression remains were investigated by low-angle reflected light, and subtle details of the vegetative and floral buds, stamens, mature fruits and seeds were revealed by optical shadow effect microscopy, documenting previously obscure topographic surface features.

Key Results
Othniophyton elongatum (MacGinitie) Manchester, Judd, Correa-Narvaez gen. et comb. nov. has simple, short-petiolate, elongate, entire-margined leaves with thick midveins, pinnate, brochidodromous secondaries, common intersecondary veins and finely reticulate higher-order venation. Inflorescences are small axillary cymes; flower buds are subglobose and pedicellate, in bract axils. The flowers are actinomorphic, bisexual, with approximately five imbricate perianth parts, ~24 stamens with elongate anthers and short filaments, arising from a hypanthium. The whorl of stamens persists to fruiting stage. The ovary is superior, with probable basal placentation and five stigmatic arms. Fruits are pedicellate berries with a cup-shaped hypanthium and contain ~15 lensoidal reniform seeds, each with a curved embryo and ornamented with concentric ridges. The combined characters refute the prior placement in Araliaceae and rule out affinities with most extant clades of angiosperms.

Conclusions
The distinctive combination of observed features does not coincide with any extant family. Among extant orders of Eudicots, the fossil seems to conform most closely to the order Caryophyllales, but key differences remain. This example indicates that the vegetation of ~47 Mya included some taxa that cannot readily be placed in modern families and genera.
Masting ontogeny: the largest masting benefits accrue to the largest trees
Authors: Szymkowiak Jakub , Hacket-Pain Andrew , Kelly Dave , Foest Jessie J , Kondrat Katarzyna , Thomas Peter A , Lageard Jonathan G A , Gratzer Georg , Pesendorfer Mario B , Bogdziewicz Michał 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Both plants and animals display considerable variation in their phenotypic traits as they grow. This variation helps organisms to adapt to specific challenges at different stages of development. Masting, the variable and synchronized seed production across years by a population of plants, is a common reproductive strategy in perennial plants that can enhance reproductive efficiency through increasing pollination efficiency and decreasing seed predation. Masting represents a population-level phenomenon generated from individual plant behaviours. While the developmental trajectory of individual plants influences their masting behaviour, the translation of such changes into benefits derived from masting remains unexplored.

Methods and Key Results
We used 43 years of seed production monitoring in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) to address that gap. The largest improvements in reproductive efficiency from masting happen in the largest trees. Masting leads to a 48-fold reduction in seed predation in large trees compared with 28-fold in small trees. Masting yields a 6-fold increase in pollination efficiency in large trees compared with 2.5-fold in small trees. Paradoxically, although the largest trees show the biggest reproductive efficiency benefits from masting, large trees mast less strongly than small trees.

Conclusions
Apparently suboptimal allocation of effort across years by large plants may be a consequence of anatomical constraints or bet-hedging. Ontogenetic shifts in individual masting behaviour and associated variable benefits have implications for the reproductive potential of plant populations as their age distribution changes, with applications in plant conservation and management.
LUKB: preparing local UK Biobank data for analysis
Authors: Li Xiangnan , Huang Yaqi , Wang Shuming , Hao Meng , Li Yi , Zhang Hui , Hu Zixin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The UK Biobank data holds immense potential for human health research. However, the complex data preparation and interpretation processes often act as barriers for researchers, diverting them from their core research questions.

Results
We developed LUKB, an R Shiny-based web tool that simplifies UK Biobank data preparation by automating these preprocessing tasks. LUKB reduces preprocessing time and integrates functions for initial data exploration, allowing researchers to dedicate more time to their scientific endeavors. Detailed deployment and usage can be found in the Supplementary Data.

Availability and implementation
LUKB is freely available at https://github.com/HaiGenBuShang/LUKB.
BindCompare: a novel integrated protein–nucleic acid binding analysis platform
Authors: Mahableshwarkar Pranav , Shum Jasmine , Ray Mukulika , Larschan Erica 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Summary
Advanced genomic technologies have generated thousands of protein–nucleic acid binding datasets that have the potential to identify testable gene regulatory network (GRNs) models governed by combinatorial associations between factors. Transcription factors (TFs), and RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are nucleic-acid binding proteins regulating gene expression and are key drivers of GRN function. However, the combinatorial mechanisms by which the interactions between specific TFs and RBPs regulate gene expression remain largely unknown. To identify possible combinations of TFs and RBPs that may function together, developing a tool that compares and contrasts the interactions of multiple TFs and RBPs with nucleic acids to identify their common and unique targets is necessary. Therefore, we introduce BindCompare, a user-friendly tool that can be run locally to predict new combinatorial relationships between TFs and RBPs. BindCompare can analyze data from any organism with known annotated genome information and outputs files with detailed genomic locations and gene information for targets for downstream analysis. Overall, BindCompare is a new tool that identifies TFs and RBPs that co-bind to the same DNA and/or RNA loci, generating testable hypotheses about their combinatorial regulation of target genes.

Availability and implementation
BindCompare is an open-source package that is available on the Python Packaging Index (PyPI, https://pypi.org/project/bindcompare/) with the source code available on GitHub (https://github.com/pranavmahabs/bindcompare). Complete documentation for the package can be found at both links.
PRONA: an R-package for Patient Reported Outcomes Network Analysis
Authors: Bergsneider Brandon H , Celiku Orieta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Summary
Network analysis (NA) has recently emerged as a new paradigm by which to model the symptom patterns of patients with complex illnesses such as cancer. NA uses graph theory-based methods to capture the interplay between symptoms and identify which symptoms may be most impactful to patient quality of life and are therefore most critical to treat/prevent. Despite NA’s increasing popularity in research settings, its clinical applicability is hindered by the lack of a unified platform that consolidates all the software tools needed to perform NA, and by the lack of methods for capturing heterogeneity across patient cohorts. Addressing these limitations, we present PRONA, an R-package for Patient Reported Outcomes Network Analysis. PRONA not only consolidates previous NA tools into a unified, easy-to-use analysis pipeline, but also augments the traditional approach with functionality for performing unsupervised discovery of patient subgroups with distinct symptom patterns.

Availability and implementation
PRONA is implemented in R. Source code, installation, and use instructions are available on GitHub at https://github.com/bbergsneider/PRONA.
PubMed Computed Authors in 2024: an open resource of disambiguated author names in biomedical literature
Authors: Tian Shubo , Chen Qingyu , Comeau Donald C , Wilbur W John , Lu Zhiyong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Summary
Over 55% of author names in PubMed are ambiguous: the same name is shared by different individual researchers. This poses significant challenges on precise literature retrieval for author name queries, a common behavior in biomedical literature search. In response, we present a comprehensive dataset of disambiguated authors. Specifically, we complement the automatic PubMed Computed Authors algorithm with the latest ORCID data for improved accuracy. As a result, the enhanced algorithm achieves high performance in author name disambiguation, and subsequently our dataset contains more than 21 million disambiguated authors for over 35 million PubMed articles and is incrementally updated on a weekly basis. More importantly, we make the dataset publicly available for the community such that it can be utilized in a wide variety of potential applications beyond assisting PubMed’s author name queries. Finally, we propose a set of guidelines for best practices of authors pertaining to use of their names.

Availability and implementation
The PubMed Computed Authors dataset is publicly available for bulk download at: https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/lu/ComputedAuthors/. Additionally, it is available for query through web API at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/APIs/authors/.