bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the genetic patterns of plants in the region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: Implications for conservation strategies
Authors: Yu Haibin , Favre Adrien , Sui Xinghua , Chen Zhao , Qi Wei , Xie Guowen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimSpecies diversity in the region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau has been extensively explored, whereas the distribution of genetic diversity remains poorly understood in this species‐rich area, parts of which are listed as biodiversity hotspots. In this study, we aimed to map the patterns of genetic diversity and divergence of plant species in this region, and to identify potential evolutionary hotspots for conservation planning.LocationRegion of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP).MethodsWe compiled published molecular data for 60 plant species, and calculated intra‐population genetic diversity and inter‐population genetic divergence using haplotype sequences (chloroplast or mitochondrial DNA). We analysed the relationships between genetic diversity and longitude, latitude and elevation. We mapped the landscapes of genetic diversity and divergence for each species in GIS, and combined the resulting landscapes in order to identify hotspots of high genetic diversity and divergence.ResultsThere were no significant relationships between genetic diversity and longitude, latitude and elevation. For most species, areas characterized by high genetic diversity and divergence were located across the Hengduan Mountains. Nine evolutionary hotspots across the region of the QTP were identified.Main conclusionsThe Hengduan Mountains are a remarkable hotspot of all three dimensions of biodiversity (genes, species and ecosystems), yet patterns of genetic diversity were partially incongruent with the distribution of species diversity. For example, several hotspots of genetic diversity were located on the QTP proper, which is relatively species poor. This partial geographic mismatch between species and genetic diversity highlights the need to consider both aspects in conservation programs. Our study suggests that more protected areas in the region of the QTP need to be established in order to protect genetic diversity and thus adaptive potential.
Habitat‐ and species‐mediated short‐ and long‐term distributional changes in waterbird abundance linked to variation in European winter weather
Authors: Pavón‐Jordán Diego , Clausen Preben , Dagys Mindaugas , Devos Koen , Encarnaçao Vitor , Fox Anthony David , Frost Teresa , Gaudard Clemence , Hornman Menno , Keller Verena , Langendoen Tom , Ławicki Łukasz , Lewis Lesley J. , Lorentsen Svein‐Håkon , Luigujoe Leho , Meissner Wlodzimierz , Molina Blas , Musil Petr , Musilova Zuzana , Nilsson Leif , Paquet Jean‐Yves , Ridzon Josef , Stipniece Antra , Teufelbauer Norbert , Wahl Johannes , Zenatello Marco , Lehikoinen Aleksi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimMany species are showing distribution shifts in response to environmental change. We explored (a) the effects of inter‐annual variation in winter weather conditions on non‐breeding distributional abundance of waterbirds exploiting different habitats (deep‐water, shallow water, farmland) and (b) the long‐term shift in the population centroid of these species and investigate its link to changes in weather conditions.LocationEurope.MethodsWe fitted generalized additive mixed Models to a large‐scale, 24‐year dataset (1990–2013) describing the winter distributional abundance of 25 waterbird species. We calculated the annual and long‐term (3‐year periods) population centroid of each species and used the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index to explain the inter‐annual and long‐term shifts in their location.Results(a) Year‐to‐year southwestwards shifts in the population centroids of deep‐ and shallow‐water species were linked to negative NAO values. Shallow‐water species shifted northeastwards associated with positive NAO values and the distance shifted increased with increasing NAO. Deep‐water species shifted northeastwards up to zero NAO indices, but showed no further increase at higher NAO values. (b) Deep‐water species showed long‐term northeastwards shifts in distributional abundance throughout the 1990s and the 2000s. Shallow‐water species, on the other hand, shifted northeastwards during the 1990s and early 2000s, but southwestwards thereafter. There were no significant links between the NAO and year‐to‐year movements or long‐term shifts in farmland species’ population centroid.Main ConclusionsWe provide evidence for a link between both year‐to‐year and long‐term changes in waterbird winter distributional abundances at large geographical scales to short‐ and long‐term changes in winter weather conditions. We also show that species using shallow water, deep‐water and farmland habitats responded differently, especially at high NAO values. As well as important ecological implications, these findings contribute to the development of future conservation measures for these species under current and future climate change.
An intravenous insulin protocol designed for pregnancy reduces neonatal hypoglycaemia following betamethasone administration in women with gestational diabetes
Authors: Rowe C. W. , Putt E. , Brentnall O. , Gebuehr A. , Allabyrne J. , Woods A. , Wynne K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsMarked hyperglycaemia is common following betamethasone administration in women with gestational diabetes (GDM), and may contribute to neonatal hypoglycaemia. Validated protocols to deliver glycaemic stability following betamethasone are lacking. We hypothesized that an intravenous insulin (IVI) protocol for pregnancy‐specific glycaemic targets (Pregnancy‐IVI) would achieve greater at‐target glycaemic control than a generic adult intravenous insulin protocol (Adult‐IVI), and may reduce neonatal hypoglycaemia.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of the performance Adult‐IVI and Pregnancy‐IVI following betamethasone in GDM, sequentially implemented at a tertiary hospital, without change in indication for IVI. Cases were identified by electronic record search. Primary outcome was percentage of on‐IVI time with at‐target glycaemia [blood glucose level (BGL) 3.8–7 mmol/l]. Secondary outcomes were time with critical hyperglycaemia (BGL > 10 mmol/l), occurrence of maternal hypoglycaemia (BGL < 3.8 mmol/l), and incidence of neonatal hypoglycaemia (BGL ≤ 2.5 mmol/l) if betamethasone was administered within 48 h of birth.ResultsThe cohorts comprised 151 women (Adult‐IVI n = 86; Pregnancy‐IVI n = 65). The primary outcome was 68% time‐at‐target [95% confidence interval (CI) 64–71%) for Pregnancy‐IVI compared with 55% (95% CI 50–60%) for Adult‐IVI (P = 0.0002). Critical maternal hyperglycaemia (0% vs. 2%, P = 0.02) and hypoglycaemia (2% vs. 12%, P = 0.02) were both lower with Pregnancy‐IVI than Adult‐IVI. Neonatal hypoglycaemia was less common after Pregnancy‐IVI (29%) than after Adult‐IVI (54%, P = 0.03). A multiple logistic regression model adjusting for potential confounders gave an odds ratio for neonatal hypoglycaemia with Pregnancy‐IVI of 0.27 (95% CI 0.10–0.76, P = 0.01).ConclusionsAn IVI protocol designed for pregnancy effectively controlled maternal hyperglycaemia following betamethasone administration in GDM. This is the first intervention to show a reduction in betamethasone‐associated neonatal hypoglycaemia, linked with optimum maternal glycaemic control.
Comparing commercial, recreational and illegal coastal fishery catches and their economic values: A survey from the southern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Ben Lamine Emna , Di Franco Antonio , Romdhane Mohamed Salah , Francour Patrice 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCommercial small‐scale fishing in the Mediterranean Sea accounts for more than 80% of the commercial fishing fleet. Commercial small‐scale fishing competes with non‐professional fishing, such as recreational and illegal fishing. Fisheries statistics usually fail to report non‐professional fishing data. The aim of this study was to investigate the competition between fishing categories (commercial, recreational and illegal fishing) and their temporal variability in two future Marine Protected Areas in Tunisia. Over a 2‐year period, 213 small‐scale coastal fisheries landings were monitored. Additional socio‐economic information was collected using direct questionnaires. Results highlighted that: (a) at least 47.91% of non‐professional fishers admitted selling the catch (and so were classified as illegal fishers); (b) illegal and recreational fishing mean catch per fishers per day, represented, respectively, 40% and 20% of commercial fishing; (c) catch rates and species richness for illegal and commercial fishing followed the same temporal patterns at both locations; (d) all fishing categories fished high trophic levels and vulnerable species; and (e) potential economic values of illegal and recreational fishing catch were significantly higher than those of commercial fishing. These findings provide quantitative evidence of competition between illegal and legal (commercial and recreational) fishing in the Mediterranean Sea.
Food‐web structure and ecosystem function in the Laurentian Great Lakes—Toward a conceptual model
Authors: Ives Jessica T. , McMeans Bailey C. , McCann Kevin S. , Fisk Aaron T. , Johnson Timothy B. , Bunnell David B. , Frank Kenneth T. , Muir Andrew M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe relationship between food‐web structure (i.e., trophic connections, including diet, trophic position, and habitat use, and the strength of these connections) and ecosystem functions (i.e., biological, geochemical, and physical processes in an ecosystem, including decomposition, production, nutrient cycling, and nutrient and energy flows among community members) determines how an ecosystem responds to perturbations, and thus is key to understanding the adaptive capacity of a system (i.e., ability to respond to perturbation without loss of essential functions). Given nearly ubiquitous changing environmental conditions and anthropogenic impacts on global lake ecosystems, understanding the adaptive capacity of food webs supporting important resources, such as commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries, is vital to ecological and economic stability.Herein, we describe a conceptual framework that can be used to explore food‐web structure and associated ecosystem functions in large lakes. We define three previously recognised broad habitat compartments that constitute large lake food webs (nearshore, pelagic, and profundal). We then consider, at three levels, how energy and nutrients flow: (a) into each basal resource compartment; (b) within each compartment; and (c) among multiple compartments (coupling). Flexible shifts in food‐web structures (e.g., via consumers altering their diet or habitat) that sustain these flows in the face of perturbations provide evidence for adaptive capacity.We demonstrate the conceptual framework through a synthesis of food‐web structure and ecosystem function in the Laurentian Great Lakes, with emphasis on the upper trophic levels (i.e., fishes). Our synthesis showed evidence of notable adaptive capacity. For example, fishes increased benthic coupling in response to invasion by mussels and round gobies. However, we also found evidence of loss of adaptive capacity through species extirpations (e.g., widespread collapse in the abundance and diversity of ciscoes,Coregonusspp., except in Lake Superior).In large freshwater lakes, fishery managers have traditionally taken a top‐down approach, focusing on stocking and harvest policy. By contrast, water quality managers have focused on nutrient effects on chemical composition and lower trophic levels of the ecosystem. The synthesised conceptual model provides resource managers a tool to more systematically interpret how lower food‐web dynamics influence harvestable fish populations, and vice versa, and to act accordingly such that sustainable resource practices can be achieved.We identify key gaps in knowledge that impede a fuller understanding of the adaptive capacities of large lakes. In general, we found a greater uncertainty in our understanding of processes influencing energy and nutrient flow within and among habitats than flows into the system.
Computing state average marginal income tax rates: An application to Missouri
Authors: Crader G. Dean , Haslag Joseph H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUsing filing‐level data, we compute the average marginal income tax rate for the State of Missouri. We have data from 2000 through 2015. We start with a simple experiment: consider the effect that a $10 change in federal adjusted gross income would have on each filer’s tax payment. We find that with deductions, exemptions, and credits, the average marginal income tax rate has been remarkably steady over the years, ranging from 3.50% to 3.66%. This rate is much lower than the top marginal income tax rate, which has been 6% for taxable income greater than $9,000 for the entire sample period. In addition, we compute the average marginal income tax rate for different types of income in order to compare directly with the NBER’s reported state rate.
Joint status in Spanish haemophilia B patients assessed using the Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound (HEAD‐US) score
Authors: Jiménez‐Yuste Victor , Álvarez‐Román María Teresa , Martín‐Salces Mónica , De la Corte‐Rodríguez Hortensia , Altisent Carmen , Parra Rafael , Núñez Ramiro , Pérez Rosario , García‐Candel Faustino , Bonanad Santiago , Querol Felipe , Alonso Nieves , Fernández‐Mosteirín Nuria , López‐Ansoar Elsa , García‐Frade Luis Javier , Bermejo Nuria , Pérez‐González Noelia , Gutiérrez‐Pimentel María José , Martinoli Carlo , Fernández‐Arias Isabel , Kim Hae Kyung 
Published: November 2018

AimThe use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK‐US) following protocols for haemophilic arthropathy and the Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound (HEAD‐US) score can help standardize monitoring in haemophilia. This study evaluated the joint status (elbows, knees and ankles) of patients with haemophilia B (HB) in Spain using MSK‐US and the HEAD‐US score.MethodsHaemophilia B patients ≥14 years old were included in this observational, multicentre, cross‐sectional study, regardless of their clinical condition, HB severity and treatment received. Two blinded observers were involved in image acquisition and scoring in each centre.ResultsEighty‐two patients from 12 centres were enrolled: 27% mild HB, 23% moderate, 50% severe HB. Mean age was 38.9 ± 16.4 years, 60% were treated on demand (OD) and 40% were on prophylaxis. HEAD‐US was zero in all joints in 28.6% OD patients and 36.4% on prophylaxis. Mean scores significantly worsened with HB severity, except for the left knee. Patients on primary and secondary prophylaxis had significantly better joint health vs OD patients in all joints, except the right ankle. Among OD patients, those with severe disease presented significantly worse scores in all HEAD‐US items related to permanent damage.ConclusionJoint status of HB patients in Spain is influenced by severity and treatment modality, related to the development of arthropathy, which appears prevalent in OD patients with severe HB. Routine assessment with an imaging tool such as ultrasound and HEAD‐US system may help to improve joint health by personalizing and adjusting treatment in this population.
A novel prognostic model for tongue squamous cell carcinoma based on the characteristics of tumour and its microenvironment: iBD score
Authors: Yu Pei , Wang Weiwang , Zhuang Zehang , Xie Nan , Xu Jieyun , Wang Cheng , Hou Jingsong , Han Xiaozhe , Liu Xiqiang 
Published: November 2018

AimsTumour budding and invasive depth can predict survival of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), while the prognostic value of tumour microenvironment (TME) remains unknown. Here, both characteristics of the tumour and its microenvironment were examined and a novel prognostic model has been proposed.Methods and resultsA total of 246 patients with TSCC were included. Using H&E‐stained sections, pathological parameters of tumour and the TME were assessed. Inflammatory response (i), tumour budding (B) and invasive depth (D) were combined as iBD score. The association between these variables and the patient survival was determined. Both tumour budding and inflammatory status were independent variables for predicting overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) of TSCC patients. Invasive depth was correlated with differentiation, T classification, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and recurrence (P < 0.05). The novel iBD model was strongly correlated with T classification, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and recurrence, and showed clear distinction of scores 0, 1 and 2. High iBD score had a strong association with reduced OS and DFS (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe iBD scoring model is strongly associated with lymph node metastasis and recurrence in TSCC and could be a promising survival predictor for TSCC patients.
Measurement of torque generated during intracanal instrumentation in vivo
Authors: Gambarini G. , Seracchiani M. , Piasecki L. , Valenti Obino F. , Galli M. , Di Nardo D. , Testarelli L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo compare two different clinical techniques when using endodontic rotary instruments by monitoring the torque in vivo.MethodologyTen single‐rooted maxillary anterior teeth were prepared by an endodontist using size 25, .06 taper TF rotary instruments (KerrEndo, Orange, CA, USA). All instruments were rotated at 500 rpm with maximum torque set at 2.5 N cm using an endodontic motor (Kavo, Biberach, Germany), which automatically recorded the torque values every 1/10 of a second. Instruments were used with two modi operandi: (i) Inward action: short‐length intermittent progression with slight apical pressure aiming to reach the working length (also known as pecking motion), followed by (ii) Outward action: lateral brushing action selectively directed to address the canal circumference whilst removing instruments in the coronal direction. The mean, maximum and accumulated torque values were recorded and analysed statistically (t‐test and Wilcoxon test) with a significance level set at 5%. None of the recorded values exceeded the selected torque limit.ResultsA significant difference between inward and outward actions was found regarding the evaluated parameters (P < 0.05). The outward action (brushing) was significantly safer (requiring less torque) compared to the inward action (pecking).ConclusionsTorque measurements during in vivo instrumentation provided useful information regarding the techniques evaluated. Although the torque limit was not reached by any of the two actions, the technique impacted significantly on the torque applied to the instrument.
Atrial fibrillation following heart transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai , Bathini Tarun , Thongprayoon Charat , Preechawat Somchai , O'Corragain Oisin A. , Pachariyanon Pavida , Ungprasert Patompong , Cheungpasitporn Wisit 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have suggested a high incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart transplant recipients. However, incidence trends of AF in heart transplant recipients remain unclear. The study's aims were (1) to investigate the pooled incidence/incidence trends of AF following heart transplantation and (2) to assess the mortality risk of heart transplant recipients with AF.MethodsA literature search for studies that reported the incidence of AF following heart transplantation was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Database from inception through March 2018. Pooled incidence and odds ratios (OR) with 95%CI were calculated using a random‐effects model.ResultsEighteen studies (2 cohorts from clinical trials and 16 cohort studies) with 5393 heart transplant recipients were enrolled. The pooled estimated incidence of AF in heart transplant was 10.1% (95%CI: 7.6%‐13.2%). Meta‐analysis based on the type of anastomotic technique demonstrated a pooled estimated incidence of AF following heart transplantation of 18.7% (95%CI: 10.3%‐31.5%) and 11.1% (95%CI: 6.5%‐18.4%) by biatrial and bicaval techniques, respectively. There was a significant association between AF following a heart transplant and increased mortality risk with a pooled OR of 2.86 (95%CI: 2.08‐3.93). Meta‐regression analyses showed no significant correlations between the year of study and incidence of AF (P = 0.47) or mortality risk of AF after heart transplantation (P = 0.99).ConclusionsThe overall estimated incidence of AF following heart transplantation is 10.1%. There is a significant association between AF and increased mortality after transplantation. Furthermore, incidence and mortality risk of AF following heart transplant does not seem to decrease over time.
Use of an Evidence‐Based Guideline for Management of Side Effects from Long‐Acting Reversible Contraceptives: A Quality Improvement Report
Authors: Jacobson Julia , Nasso Jacqueline , Glantz J. Christopher 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionMany health care providers believe that women who initiate long‐acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) discontinue the method because of side effects too soon for the method to be economical. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement and evaluate an evidence‐based telephone triage nursing guideline for management of side effects of LARC with an ultimate goal of reducing the number of early discontinuations.ProcessA telephone triage guideline was adapted from the Contraceptive Choice Project's Clinician Call Back System, supplemented with evidence‐based resources, and approved by clinicians at 2 community women's health and midwifery offices. Baseline retrospective data were collected on all women over the age of 18 who had LARC inserted at the 2 sites in the year prior to guideline implementation and in the 3 months after implementation. Rates of LARC removal at or before 3 months postinsertion, before and after guideline implementation, were evaluated.OutcomesApproximately 1 in 5 women called for help managing LARC side effects. Of the callers, 3 of 32 (9.4%) women receiving standard care discontinued their LARC prior to 3 months, whereas 0 of 24 women who were triaged using the guideline discontinued their LARC prior to 3 months (P = .12). Cramping, bleeding, and malposition or expulsion were the most common concerns and reasons for discontinuation.DiscussionFewer women than anticipated called to report side effects, and even fewer chose to discontinue their LARC early. There were fewer discontinuations with guideline use, but this was not a statistically significant difference. Most women did not discontinue their LARC early for any reason, including side effects.