bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TG‐51 reference dosimetry for the Halcyon™: A clinical experience
Authors: Lloyd Samantha A.M. , Lim Tze Yee , Fave Xenia , Flores‐Martinez Everardo , Atwood Todd F. , Moiseenko Vitali 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHalcyon™ is a single‐energy (6 MV‐FFF), bore‐enclosed linear accelerator. Patient setup is performed by first aligning to external lasers mounted to the front of the bore, and then loading to isocenter through pre‐defined couch shifts. There is no light field, optical distance indicator or front pointer mechanism, so positioning is verified through MV imaging with kV imaging scheduled to become available in the future. TG‐51 reference dosimetry was successfully performed for Halcyon™ in this imaging‐based setup paradigm. The beam quality conversion factor, kQ, was determined by measuring %dd(10)x three ways: (a) using a Farmer chamber with lead filtering, (b) using a Farmer chamber without lead filtering, and (c) using a PinPoint chamber without lead filtering. Values of kQ were determined to be 0.995, 0.996, and 0.996 by each measurement technique, respectively. Halcyon™'s 6 MV‐FFF beam was found to be broader than other FFF beams produced by Varian accelerators, and profile measurements at dmax showed the beam to vary less than 0.5% over the dimensions of our Farmer chamber's active volume. Reference dosimetry can be performed for the Halcyon™ accelerator simply, without specialized equipment or lead filtering with minimal dosimetric impact. This simplicity will prove advantageous in clinics with limited resources or physics support.
Iterative learning scheme to design intermittent fault estimators for nonlinear systems with parameter uncertainties and measurement noise
Authors: Feng Li , Xu Shuiqing , Chai Yi , Yang Zhimin , Zhang Ke 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn this paper, an iterative learning estimator is proposed to deal with period intermittent fault estimation problem in a class of nonlinear uncertain systems. First, state observer is designed for state reconstruction, followed by the Lyapunov function is presented to guarantee the convergence of the system output. Then, the iterative learning scheme–based fault estimator is presented to track the fault signal and the optimal function is established to ensure tracking error convergence. Moreover, linear matrix inequalities and Schur complements are utilized to obtain the sufficient conditions for the existence of iterative learning estimator. Compared with the existing results, error augmented systems should not satisfy the strictly positive realness assumption. Besides, previous state estimation error is used for current fault estimation such that to improve the estimating accuracy. Finally, 2 numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed methods.
Pinning control and adaptive control for synchronization of linearly coupled reaction‐diffusion neural networks with mixed delays
Authors: He Ping 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper focuses on the pinning control and adaptive control for synchronization of an array of linearly coupled reaction‐diffusion neural networks with mixed delays (that is, discrete and infinite distributed delays) and Dirichlet boundary condition. Firstly, the asymptotical synchronization of coupled semilinear diffusion partial differential equations with mixed time delays is achieved by employing pinning control scheme. The pinning controller is obtained by using Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional stability theory. The stability condition is represented by linear matrix inequality. The controller gain matrix is easy to be solved. Secondly, the adaptive synchronization condition of an array of linearly coupled reaction‐diffusion neural networks with mixed delays is obtained by using adaptive control scheme. Finally, two numerical examples of coupled semilinear diffusion partial differential equations with mixed time delays are given to illustrate the correctness of the obtained results.
Programmed Shape‐Morphing Scaffolds Enabling Facile 3D Endothelialization
Authors: Zhao Qilong , Wang Juan , Cui Huanqing , Chen Hongxu , Wang Yunlong , Du Xuemin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRapid formation of a confluent endothelial monolayer is the key to the success of small‐diameter vascular grafts, which is significantly important for treating dangerous and even sometimes deadly vascular disorders. However, the difficulty to homogenously locate endothelial cells onto the lumen of small‐diameter tubular scaffolds makes 3D endothelialization greatly challenging. Here, novel shape‐morphing scaffolds enabling programmed deformation from planar shapes to small‐diameter tubular shapes are designed and developed by combining biocompatible shape memory polymer and electrospun nanofibrous membrane. Endothelial cells can be conveniently seeded and attached on the 2D surface of the scaffolds and subsequently self‐rolled into 3D organization at physiological temperature. Endothelial cell responses and functions are varied on the shape‐morphing scaffolds with different nanofibrous electrospun membranes as the inner layer, arisen from the inducement of scaffolds with different morphological, physical, and biochemical characteristics. Owing to excellent properties of the nanofibrous membrane fabricated by the coelectrospinning of poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), the shape‐morphing scaffolds with a nanofibrous PCL/GelMA inner layer support desirable homogeneous endothelial cell attachment as well as the rapid formation of biomimetic cell–scaffold interaction and cell–cell interaction under the 3D cell culture condition, therefore offering a visible approach for facile 3D endothelialization.
Molecular Tension Probes to Investigate the Mechanopharmacology of Single Cells: A Step toward Personalized Mechanomedicine
Authors: Galior Kornelia , Ma Victor Pui‐Yan , Liu Yang , Su Hanquan , Baker Nusaiba , Panettieri Reynold A. , Wongtrakool Cherry , Salaita Khalid 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGiven that dysregulation of mechanics contributes to diseases ranging from cancer metastasis to lung disease, it is important to develop methods for screening the efficacy of drugs that target cellular forces. Here, nanoparticle‐based tension sensors are used to quantify the mechanical response of individual cells upon drug treatment. As a proof‐of‐concept, the activity of bronchodilators is tested on human airway smooth muscle cells derived from seven donors, four of which are asthmatic. It is revealed that airway smooth muscle cells isolated from asthmatic donors exhibit greater traction forces compared to the control donors. Additionally, the mechanical signal is abolished using myosin inhibitors or further enhanced in the presence of inflammatory inducers, such as nicotine. Using the signal generated by the probes, single‐cell dose‐response measurements are performed to determine the “mechano” effective concentration (mechano‐EC50) of albuterol, a bronchodilator, which reduces integrin forces by 50%. Mechano‐EC50 values for each donor present discrete readings that are differentially enhanced as a function of nicotine treatment. Importantly, donor mechano‐EC50 values varied by orders of magnitude, suggesting significant variability in their sensitivity to nicotine and albuterol treatment. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study harnessing a piconewton tension sensor platform for mechanopharmacology.
Injectable Bioresponsive Gel Depot for Enhanced Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Yu Shuangjiang , Wang Chao , Yu Jicheng , Wang Jinqiang , Lu Yue , Zhang Yuqi , Zhang Xudong , Hu Quanyin , Sun Wujin , He Chaoliang , Chen Xuesi , Gu Zhen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough cancer immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors holds great promise toward many types of cancers, several challenges still remain, associated with low objective response of patient rate as well as systemic side effects. Here, a combination immunotherapy strategy is developed based on a thermogelling reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive polypeptide gel for sustained release of anti‐programmed cell death‐ligand 1 antibody and dextro‐1‐methyl tryptophan, inhibitor of indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase with leveraging the ROS level in the tumor microenvironment. This bioresponsive gel depot can effectively reduce the local ROS level and facilitate release of immunotherapeutics, which leads to enhanced anti‐melanoma efficacy in vivo.
A Novel Conductive Mesoporous Layer with a Dynamic Two‐Step Deposition Strategy Boosts Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells to 20%
Authors: Sun Haoxuan , Deng Kaimo , Zhu Yayun , Liao Min , Xiong Jie , Li Yanrong , Li Liang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with the high power conversion efficiency (PCE) typically use mesoporous metal oxide nanoparticles as the scaffold and electron‐transport layers. However, the traditional mesoporous layer suffers from low electron conductivity and severe carrier recombination. Here, antimony‐doped tin oxide nanorod arrays are proposed as novel transparent conductive mesoporous layers in PSCs. Such a mesoporous layer improves the electron transport as well as light utilization. To resolve the common problem of uneven growth of perovskite on rough surface, the dynamic two‐step spin coating strategy is proposed to prepare highly smooth, dense, and crystallized perovskite films with micrometer‐scale grains, largely reducing the carrier recombination ratio. The conductive mesoporous layer and high‐quality perovskite film eventually render the PSC with a remarkable PCE of 20.1% with excellent reproducibility. These findings provide a new avenue to further design high‐efficiency PSCs from the aspect of carrier transport and recombination.
Natural Product Synthesis by C−H Activation
Authors: Sinha Soumya Kumar , Zanoni Giuseppe , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe widespread use of transition‐metal‐mediated C−H bond activation has altered the field of organic synthesis. Notwithstanding the immense effect this strategy has had on classical organic reactions, the applications of this methodology extend further to the synthesis of natural products and drug molecules. Herein, imaginative and innovative studies on the synthesis of natural products using C−H functionalization methodologies are discussed, showing the importance of this application in the field of organic synthesis.
Bi(OTf)3 Enabled C‐F Bond Cleavage in HFIP: Electrophilic Aromatic Formylation with Difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methane
Authors: Betterley Nolan M. , Kerdphon Sutthichat , Chaturonrutsamee Suppisak , Kongsriprapan Sopanat , Surawatanawong Panida , Soorukram Darunee , Pohmakotr Manat , Andersson Pher G. , Reutrakul Vichai , Kuhakarn Chutima 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBismuth(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate [Bi(OTf)3] mediated mild electrophilic aromatic formylation utilizing difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methane (PhSCF2H) as a formylating agent in hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) as a recyclable ionizing solvent has been developed. The active formylating species was generated via C−F bond cleavage and was characterized to be a bis(phenylsulfanyl)methyl cation by experimental and computational 1H and 13C NMR.
Bilateral asymmetry of the humerus in Neandertals, Australian aborigines and medieval humans
Authors: Kubicka Anna Maria , Nowaczewska Wioletta , Balzeau Antoine , Piontek Janusz 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesBilateral asymmetry of diaphyseal shape and size may be a reflection of relative activity levels and patterns of habitual biomechanical stress in the upper arms of Neandertals and Homo sapiens. The main purpose of our study was to assess the level of directional asymmetry of humeral cross sections in Neandertals, recent Australian aborigines, and medieval farmers.Materials and MethodsIndices of directional and absolute asymmetry (%DA and %AA) of humeral cross‐sectional properties in Neandertals and recent Homo sapiens were calculated. Evenly distributed semilandmarks around the external and internal borders of cortical bone were digitized in the course of computed tomography for analysis of shape differences between sides of the body.ResultsThe medieval farmers were characterized by significant %DA and %AA for polar second moment of area (J), ratio of maximum to minimum second moments of area, and ratio of antero‐posterior to medio‐lateral bending strength. In Australian aborigines, only J in males shows significant %DA and %AA, while Neandertals exhibit no significant asymmetry of any cross‐sectional properties. Differences in cross‐sectional shape between sides of the body were established in all three analyzed groups.DiscussionHigh levels of directional asymmetry of cross‐sectional shape and properties in medieval farmers may be caused by the performance of more physically demanding tasks using one side of the body from an early age in that population. Various patterns of asymmetry in Neandertals and modern humans may be caused by different habitual behaviors during growth, eco‐geographic patterns in body proportions, genetic factors, and differences in ontogeny.
Eine regio‐ und diastereoselektive anodische Aryl‐Aryl‐Kupplung in der biomimetischen Totalsynthese von (−)‐Thebain
Authors: Lipp Alexander , Ferenc Dorota , Gütz Christoph , Geffe Mario , Vierengel Nina , Schollmeyer Dieter , Schäfer Hans J. , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Opatz Till 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDie Biosynthese von Thebain basiert auf der regioselektiven intramolekularen oxidativen Kupplung von (R)‐Reticulin. Seit Jahrzehnten versuchen Chemiker diese Kupplung mithilfe stöchiometrischer Oxidationsmittel zu imitieren. Allerdings wurden stets entweder niedrige Ausbeuten oder unerwünschte Regioisomere erhalten. Die Elektrochemie wäre zwar eine nachhaltige Alternative, jedoch sind bisher alle Versuche zur Verwirklichung einer elektrochemischen Thebain‐Synthese gescheitert. Hier zeigen wir eine regio‐ und diastereoselektive anodische Kupplung 3′,4′,5′‐trioxygenierter Laudanosin‐Derivate, welche erstmals einen elektrochemischen Zugang zu (−)‐Thebain gestattet.
Isolation and Characterization of Crystalline, Neutral Diborane(4) Radicals
Authors: Seufert Jens , Welz Eileen , Krummenacher Ivo , Paprocki Valerie , Böhnke Julian , Hagspiel Stephan , Dewhurst Rian D. , Tacke Reinhold , Engels Bernd , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDiaryldihalodiboranes(4) were reacted with bis(amidinato)‐ and bis(guanidinato)silylenes to generate the first neutral diborane‐centered radicals. These formally non‐aromatic 5π electron systems are stable in the solid state as well as in solution and were characterized by solid‐state structure determination, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and EPR spectroscopy. The reactivity of one of these radicals with the oxidant 1,4‐benzoquinone led to ring‐opening and B−O bond formation.
meta‐Cyanobenzyl substituted benzimidazolium salts: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and carbonic anhydrase, α‐glycosidase, butyrylcholinesterase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties
Authors: Türker Ferhat , Barut Celepci Duygu , Aktaş Aydın , Taslimi Parham , Gök Yetkin , Aygün Muhittin , Gülçin İlhami 
Published: May 2018

Abstractmeta‐Cyanobenzyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors were synthesized by the reaction of a series of N‐(alkyl)benzimidazolium with 3‐bromomethyl‐benzonitrile. These benzimidazolium salts were characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis techniques. The molecular and crystal structures of 2f and 2g complexes were obtained by using the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method. The derivatives of these novel NHC precursors were effective inhibitors of α‐glycosidase (AG), the cytosolic carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms (hCA I and II), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with Ki values in the range of 1.01–2.12 nM for AG, 189.56–402.44 nM for hCA I, 112.50–277.37 nM for hCA II, 95.45–352.58 nM for AChE, and 132.91–571.18 nM for BChE. In the last years, inhibition of the CA enzyme has been considered as a promising factor for pharmacologic intervention in a diversity of disturbances such as obesity, glaucoma, cancer, and epilepsy.
Density Functional Theory Calculations Revealing Metal‐like Band Structures for Ultrathin Germanium (111) and (211) Surface Layers
Authors: Tan Chih‐Shan , Huang Michael H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo find out if germanium possesses facet‐dependent electrical‐conductivity properties, surface‐state density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on one to six layers of germanium (100), (110), (111), and (211) planes. Tunable Ge(100) and Ge(110) planes always present the same semiconducting band structure with a band gap of 0.67 eV expected of bulk germanium. In contrast, one, two, four, and five layers of Ge(111) and Ge(211) plane models show metal‐like band structures with continuous density of states (DOS) throughout the entire band. For three and six layers of Ge(111) and Ge(211) plane models, the normal semiconducting band structure was obtained. The plane layers with metal‐like band structures also show Ge−Ge bond‐length deviations and bond distortions, as well as significantly different 4s and 4p frontier‐orbital electron counts and relative percentages integrated over the valence and conduction bands from those of the semiconducting state. These differences should contribute to strikingly dissimilar band structures. The calculation results suggest the observation of facet‐dependent electrical‐conductivity properties of germanium materials; when making transistors from germanium, the facet effects with shrinking dimensions approaching 3 nm may also need to be considered.
Chemiluminescence of copper nanoclusters and its application for trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride detection
Authors: Chen Xiaoxia , Zhang Junmei , Li Yue , Han Suqin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChemiluminescence (CL) of copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) induced by cerium (IV) (Ce(IV)) or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in acidic medium was observed. The potential application of CuNCs CL in analytical chemistry was also demonstrated using trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride (THP) as an example based on its enhancing CL intensity for the CuNCs–Ce(IV)/KMnO4 systems. The excited state of the CuNCs acted as a luminophore in the CuNCs–Ce(IV) system, while CuNCs played the role of reductant in the CuNCs–KMnO4 system. The increased CL intensity for Ce(IV)–CuNCs system was proportional to the THP concentrations in the range of 0.1 to 10.0 μM. The detection limit was 49.0 nM and the relative standard deviation was 2.2% for 2.0 μM THP (n = 11). The proposed method was applied to detect THP in pharmaceutical formulations and human plasma samples.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Bifunctionalized, Fluorescent, and Amphiphilic Molecule for Recruiting SH‐Containing Molecules to Membranes
Authors: Mertens Monique , Hilsch Malte , Haralampiev Ivan , Volkmer Rudolf , Wessig Pablo , Müller Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study describes the synthesis and characterization of an amphiphilic construct intended to recruit SH‐containing molecules to membranes. The construct consists of 1) an aliphatic chain to enable anchoring within membranes, 2) a maleimide moiety to react with the sulfhydryl group of a soluble (bio)molecule, and 3) a fluorescence moiety to allow the construct to be followed by fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. It is shown that the construct can be incorporated into preformed membranes, thus allowing application of the approach with biological membranes. The close proximity between the fluorophore and the maleimide moiety within the construct causes fluorescence quenching. This allows monitoring of the reaction with SH‐containing molecules by measurement of increases in fluorescence intensity and lifetime. Notably, the construct distributes into laterally ordered membrane domains of lipid vesicles, which is probably triggered by the length of its membrane anchor. The advantages of the new construct can be employed for several biological, biotechnological, and medicinal applications.
Influence of drying temperature on the structural and cooking quality properties of black rice
Authors: Lang Gustavo Heinrich , Lindemann Igor da Silva , Ferreira Cristiano Dietrich , Pohndorf Ricardo Scherer , Vanier Nathan Levien , de Oliveira Maurício 
Published: May 2018

Background and objectivesPaddy rice was dried in a fixed‐bed dryer at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100°C, with air speed set at 0.5 m/s. The drying kinetics, moisture diffusivity, and morphologic characteristics of black rice grains from IAC 600 genotype were determined.FindingsBlack rice grains dried at 60, 80, and 100°C exhibited a reduction in the head rice percentage after dehusking (HRD) as the temperature increased. This behavior was confirmed by the occurrence of cracks in the endosperm of black rice when observed using an SEM. There was a reduction in cooking time, hardness, adhesiveness, and in the extractability of water‐soluble proteins as well as in the extractability of proteins in 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate media in black rice subjected to 100°C of drying temperature, as compared to 20°C. Conversely, increases in the rehydration ratio of grains dried at 100°C were observed. Increases in the peak and breakdown viscosities and reductions in pasting temperature, final viscosity, and setback viscosity in Rapid Visco Analyzer profile of 100°C‐dried black rice were also observed.ConclusionsThe increase in drying temperature promoted the increase in drying rate (k) and Deff. When black rice grains were dried at 60, 80, and 100°C, there was a decrease in HRD because of the evident increase in the intensity of endosperm fissures. The fissure formation is attributed to drying at temperatures of 60, 80, and 100°C occurring above the glass transition temperature (rubbery region) coupled with a non‐efficient tempering. At 100°C, modifications were observed in the flour pasting properties, indicating the higher extent of protein–starch interactions, confirmed by the reduction of protein extractability.Significance and noveltyFew reports exist on black rice structure and cooking quality as a function of post‐harvest conditions. The present work provides scientific support on how drying temperature impacts black rice quality.
Transient Energy and Exergy Analyses of a Multistage Hydrogen Compression and Storage System
Authors: Al-Zareer Maan , Dincer Ibrahim , Rosen Marc A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA new, practical, and efficient hydrogen compression and storage system is developed and analyzed thermodynamically through transient energy and exergy approaches. The first model of the multistage hydrogen compression system consists of multiple compressors with variable pressure ratios; all operating at the same variable pressure ratio. The second model has two fixed filling times, as a result of its operational mode. The second model integrates constant pressure ratio compressors with a controller that runs the required number of compressors based on the pressure in the vessel. The overall system and its components are simulated in Aspen Plus and Engineering Equation Solver, with which their performances are evaluated based on energy and exergy analyses.
CO2 Capture Performance of Portland Cement‐Based Carbide Slag and the Enhancement of Its CO2 Capture Capacity
Authors: Cai Jianjun , Wang Shuzhong , Luo Ming , Xu Donghai 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCarbide slag (CS) is a CaO‐based waste with superior CO2 capture capacity. As it is usually recycled in the form of fine powder, the pelletization of CS is indispensable for its practical application. Here, commercial Portland cement (PC) was used as a cheap binder to produce PC‐based carbide slag (PCCS) pellets and to enhance the mechanical strength of CS. The carbonation conversion of CS declined with the addition of PC, but the ability to resist sintering was improved. Prolonging the hydration time (HT) was effective in improving the CO2 capture performance of PCCS. During the thermal pretreatment of CS, the grain size of the CS increased with increasing thermal pretreatment temperature and time, but the mechanical strength of the CS increased.