bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcarotid-transcatheter aortic valve implantation in a patient with low cardiac function and haemodialysis accompanied by intracranial carotid stenosis: a case report
Authors: Hayashi Nagi , Yunoki Junji , Baba Kouhei , Morokuma Hiroyuki , Kamohara Keiji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
In transcatheter aortic valve implantation, the transfemoral approach is commonly used, but challenging access and procedural difficulties are sometimes encountered. Among alternatives, the transcarotid approach is increasingly used. We present a case of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in which a left common carotid approach achieved favourable outcomes in a patient with low cardiac function and dialysis.

Case summary
The patient was a 67-year-old woman with a history of coronary artery bypass surgery and dialysis. Heart failure secondary to aortic stenosis and hypotension during dialysis required surgery. Echocardiography indicated severe aortic stenosis with low-flow low-gradient. Access was problematic, with 4.0 mm diameter calcified external iliac arteries. Severe calcific stenosis was observed in the left subclavian artery, and the presence of right internal thoracic artery bypass rendered the bilateral subclavian artery approach unsuitable. Given the history of open-heart surgery and reduced left ventricular function, the carotid approach was chosen; however, both internal carotid arteries showed moderate stenosis. Carotid compression magnetic resonance angiography confirmed intracranial communication, so we chose access through the more severely stenosed left common carotid artery. Under preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and general anaesthesia, transcatheter aortic valve implantation was performed with a Sapien3 Ultra RESILIA 23 mm valve. Postoperatively, there was no symptomatic cerebral infarction, and the dialysis-related hypotension resolved.

Discussion
Even with intracranial carotid stenosis, flow evaluations, such as Matas test magnetic resonance imaging assessments, can reduce the cerebral infarction risk during transcarotid-transcatheter aortic valve implantation, providing a potentially safe and minimally invasive alternative access.
myh9b is a critical non-muscle myosin II encoding gene that interacts with myh9a and myh10 during zebrafish development in both compensatory and redundant pathways
Authors: Rolfs Laura A , Falat Elizabeth J , Gutzman Jennifer H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Non-muscle myosin (NMII) motor proteins have diverse developmental functions due to their roles in cell shape changes, cell migration, and cell adhesion. Zebrafish are an ideal vertebrate model system to study the NMII encoding myh genes and proteins due to high sequence homology, established gene editing tools, and rapid ex utero development. In humans, mutations in the NMII encoding MYH genes can lead to abnormal developmental processes and disease. This study utilized zebrafish myh9a, myh9b, and myh10 null mutants to examine potential genetic interactions and roles for each gene in development. It was determined that the myh9b gene is the most critical NMII encoding gene, as myh9b mutants develop pericardial edema and have a partially penetrant lethal phenotype, which was not observed in the other myh mutants. This study also established that genetic interactions occur between the zebrafish myh9a, myh9b, and myh10 genes where myh9b is required for the expression of both myh9a and myh10, and myh10 is required for the expression of myh9b. Additionally, protein analyses suggested that enhanced NMII protein stability in some mutant backgrounds may play a role in compensation. Finally, double mutant studies revealed different and more severe phenotypes at earlier time points than single mutants, suggesting roles for tissue specific genetic redundancy, and in some genotypes, haploinsufficiency. These mutants are the first in vivo models allowing for the study of complete loss of the NMIIA and NMIIB proteins, establishing them as valuable tools to elucidate the role of NMII encoding myh genes in development and disease.
Role of the Upper Limb in Limiting Head Impact During Laboratory-Induced Falls in at Fall-Risk Older Adults
Authors: Chen Lingjun , Zanotto Tobia , Fang James , Scharf Ethan , Garcia Nathanael , Luzania Andrew , Mukherjee Rishav , Alexander Neil B , Sosnoff Jacob J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Fall-related head impact is the leading cause of traumatic brain injury in older adults. There is limited understanding of factors related to fall-related head impact. This investigation examined characteristics of upper limb movements during standing-height falls and examined their association with fall-related head impact in older adults at risk for falls.

Methods
Older adults (n = 29) at risk for fall-related injuries underwent experimentally induced falls in multiple directions (backwards and sideways). To characterize the upper limb movements and their association with head impact, a standardized analysis tool was used to analyze a total of 164 video-recorded falls. The association between upper limb movements (and their characteristics) and head impact was analyzed through logistic regression.

Results
Nearly 80% of falls involved upper limb movements. Absence of upper limb movements significantly increased head impact odds by approximately 4-fold. The odds of head impact were reduced in falls with energy absorption at the forearm (0.013-fold) and upper arm (0.018-fold), compared to falls without upper limb energy absorption. Backwards falls showed significantly higher odds of head impact (more than 4-fold).

Conclusions
Upper limb movements are common during fall descent and are associated with lower odds of experiencing head impact. Energy absorption with the upper limb seems to be an important protective mechanism. Future work should explore if these movements can be augmented with targeted training.
Anatomical Approach for the Evaluation of the Nipple–Areolar Complex
Authors: Abdelhafez Abeer , Cotes Claudia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The nipple–areolar complex (NAC) is an anatomically unique region from which several normal variants and pathologies arise. Understanding its anatomy is crucial for accurate clinical and imaging assessments, aiding with differential diagnosis, and ensuring radiologic–pathologic concordance. Mammography and US are commonly used for NAC evaluation; however, these are susceptible to technical limitations such as tissue superimposition and artifacts, compromising visualization of abnormalities in this area. Although MRI offers higher sensitivity, it is not the initial evaluation modality. A comprehensive clinical inspection is necessary because it may reveal abnormalities not apparent on imaging. This article offers an anatomical approach to the NAC evaluation, simplifying differential diagnoses by reviewing imaging techniques and clinical features of common NAC abnormalities.
A Phenomenology of the Law of International Organizations
Authors: d’Aspremont Jean 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article questions some key patterns of thought that inform the study of the law of international organizations. It particularly challenges the idea that international organizations constitute things-in-the-world that have a certain actuality, materiality, and concreteness. It argues that international organizations are all constituted and do not have any actuality, materiality, and concreteness other than what is experienced by international lawyers when they engage with them. In other words, this article makes the claim that international organizations should not be construed as things-in-the-world but as the product of a series of experiences. Doing away with the idea of international organizations as things-in-the-world and claiming that international organizations are constituted by international lawyers’ specific experiences thereof correspond to what is called here a phenomenological approach to the law of international organizations.
Constitutionalizing Global Health
Authors: Capaldo Giuliana Ziccardi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explores the transition to a global health constitutional law under the aegis of the UN Security Council (SC). The article argues that SC Resolution 2565 develops a paradigm shift of the health system based on four basic tenets (which the author calls the “four tenets paradigm of global health”). This resolution is a “proposal” that lays the legal foundation for global health constitutionalization. It has to be “accepted” by the global community as a framework for a new course. In global law, constituent power rests with the global community. From this perspective, the SC’s capacity as global initiator, legislator, and enforcement authority in the development of new concepts, lawmaking procedures, and rules of health law (binding on all global players) derives from the global community (the Council acts as its agent). The global community already accepted SC powers to promote constitutional processes, especially in matters concerning global terrorism.
Introduction to the Collection of Papers on Reparations
Authors: Spijkers Otto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This Collection of Papers is about the topic of reparations. When a state commits an internationally wrongful act, it is automatically under an obligation to wipe out all the consequences of its wrongful act. This is how “reparations” is approached, at least since the famous judgment of the Permanent Court of International Justice relating to the Factory at Chorzów of 1928. The contributions in this Collection of Papers all revisit this Chorzów principle, and expose various changes in the way we currently understand reparations. This evolution is linked to the tension between an “externalist” and “internalist” approach to wrongdoing. We also look at (potential) practical implications of this evolution for reparation claims regarding European colonialism, the Sámi Indigenous people in Norway, and Operation Condor. A critical assessment of the recent judgment on reparations of the International Court of Justice in the case between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda shows how this Court interprets and applies the Chorzów principle in the year 2022.
Reparations for European Colonialism
Authors: Hackmack Judith , Imani Sarah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Reparations for colonialism have become a topic for international work—scholarly, activist, and political alike—for racial justice, international human rights, and transitional justice. The topic has been taken up in reports of UN Special Rapporteurs, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, as well as the newly founded Permanent Forum on People of African Descent at the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), among others. The conceptual starting point of these reports and statements no longer seems to be if, but how to adequately apply international human rights and transitional justice standards to European colonialism. This prompts several questions as to the location of these reparation claims within the existing international legal framework on reparations, but also regarding the adequacy of this framework for these types of claims given, in particular, their collective, transgenerational and structural aspects.
How (not) to Compensate for State Responsibility in Armed Conflict
Authors: Volterra Robert G. , Vos Florentine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines the judgment of the International Court of Justice in the Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda) case. It discusses the contribution this judgment has made to the law of international reparations, in particular, for war damage. It compares the findings of the Court and its determinations as to reparations due for the engagement of state responsibility in this case with its previous practice as well as with that of other international courts and tribunals. It concludes that the amount of reparations that the Court awarded was significantly lower than damages awarded by other international courts and tribunals that have applied the same standards of public international law to less egregious violations.
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)
Authors: Tanaka Yoshifumi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the judicial practice of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) between January 2022 and June 2023. Specifically, it reviews the Request for an Advisory Opinion submitted by the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law, discontinuance of the proceedings of the M/T “Heroic Idun” case (Marshall Islands v. Equatorial Guinea), Dispute Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Mauritius and Maldives in the Indian Ocean (Mauritius/Maldives), and the M/T “Heroic Idun” (No. 2) case (Marshall Islands v. Equatorial Guinea), respectively. This chapter also refers to the activity of the Tribunal, including the election of the members of ITLOS.
IOs’ Administrative Tribunals (IATs)
Authors: Seatzu Francesco , Vargiu Paolo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This review conducts a critical analysis of landmark cases adjudicated by international administrative tribunals from 2022 to early 2023. Cases such as K. v. EPO (ILOAT) and various pivotal UNAT judgments illustrate the treatment of recurring questions, such as the sustainability of employee benefits and the specificity of duty reassignments within the UN system. Particular attention is given to the use of demotion as a disciplinary measure, its implications for organizational discipline, and the potential for misuse within the framework of international employment. The review addresses the reaffirmed discretionary power of administrative bodies in shaping duties and working conditions, compared with the imperative adherence to fundamental principles of fairness, reasonableness, and legality. The review also highlights emerging judgments that address the definitions within employment regulations and the emerging focus on the physical and psychological safety of employees, signaling a shift toward greater protection of employee welfare. Finally, the review discusses the UNAT’s efforts in clarifying appellate procedures, reinforcing the established limitation of appeals to review matters previously addressed in lower tribunals, and defining the boundaries of permissible appeals.
African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACtHPR)
Authors: Nxumalo Sfiso Benard , O’Regan Catherine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Court) stands as a pivotal institution in the realm of human rights protection across Africa. Its first judges were appointed in 2006. As the continent’s human rights court, the African Court is tasked with interpreting and applying the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, a widely ratified regional human rights treaty that seeks to promote and protect human and peoples’ rights in Africa. Between 1 January 2022 and 31 July 2023, the Court received twelve new applications and delivered seventy-two decisions. It further handed down twenty-nine judgments. This introductory note provides an overview of the protocol establishing the African Charter, exploring the challenges of access to justice for individuals and non-governmental organisations under the African Court’s protocol. Thereafter, four cases handed down during 2022 and 2023 are explored in-depth. These cases concern the right to self-determination, Indigenous peoples’ land rights, the mandatory death penalty, and the independence of electoral institutions. A brief overview of two cases discussing fair trial rights is also provided.
Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
Authors: Lenaerts Koen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This introductory note looks back at the main highlights of events occurring at the Court of Justice of the European Union. The year 2022 was the seventieth anniversary of the Court of Justice of the European Union. It marked a return to the normal functioning of the Court, after two years in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the outbreak of the war in Ukraine. The Court continued to set the pace, rendering judgments notably in the fields of the rule of law, the environment, personal data protection, social protection, and, inevitably, aid granted in the context of the health crisis. This introductory note provides an overview of the most important judgments in each of these fields.
International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT)
Authors: Nieto-Navia Rafael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT) assumed responsibility for four cases from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Among these, the Stanišić and Simatović case, which was under appeal, reached a conclusion during the review period. With the completion of these proceedings, the Mechanism has effectively concluded its work on the remaining ICTY cases. Moving forward, the IRMCT’s focus will shift to addressing the cases inherited from the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), ensuring continued accountability for crimes committed during the Rwandan genocide. This marks a crucial transition in the Mechanism’s ongoing judicial responsibilities.
Pursuing Justice Through Law
Authors: Falk Richard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses law and geopolitics in the inflamed atmosphere of the ongoing high intensity violence taking place in Gaza, alleged to be a response to the Hamas attack on a series of Israeli border communities on October 7, 2023. Edward Said’s life and work as a Palestinian public intellectual living in America seems highly relevant to gain insight into the author’s underlying objective of achieving a better alignment of law and justice. Justice is here conceived as a first approximation by reference to contemporary instruments of international human rights law, international humanitarian law, international criminal law, as well as the Nuremberg Principle and certain provisions of the UN Charter.
Effective Interactions for the SM Fermion Mass Hierarchy and their Possible UV Realization
Authors: Hernández A E Cárcamo , Restrepo Diego , Schmidt Ivan , Zapata Óscar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We build an extended two Higgs doublet model theory with spontaneously broken $U(1) _{X}$ global symmetry, where the tree-level universal seesaw mechanism generates the mass hierarchy of the Standard Model charged fermions and the Zee–Babu mechanism produces tiny active neutrino masses. The third family of SM charged fermions gets tree-level masses from Yukawa interactions involving the Higgs doublets $H_1$ (for the top quark) and $H_2$ (for the bottom quark and tau lepton). The model under consideration is consistent with SM fermion masses and mixings, with the muon and electron $g-2$ anomalies, and successfully accommodates the constraints arising from charged-lepton-flavor violation and meson oscillations. The proposed model predicts rates for charged-lepton-flavor-violating decays within the reach of forthcoming experiments.
Synergistic effect of curcumin and Piperine loaded Niosomal nanoparticles on acute pulmonary toxicity induced by Paraquat in mice
Authors: Khederzadeh Aram , Ebrahimnejad Pedram , Seyedabadi Mohammad , Babaei Amirhossein , Amiri Fereshteh Talebpour , Aslani Nasim , Mojarad-Jabali Solmaz , Mohammadi Hamidreza 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Paraquat (PQ), a widely used non-selective herbicide, induces severe lung toxicity by promoting cell death and tissue necrosis through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. This study aimed to develop and evaluate novel niosomal nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating curcumin and piperine to mitigate PQ-induced acute pulmonary toxicity in Balb/c mice.

Methods
The NPs were prepared using non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol via the thin film hydration method.

Results
Characterization revealed high encapsulation efficiency (&gt;85%), proper particle sizes (264–286 nm), narrow polydispersity index (PDI) (0.19 ± 0.04 to 0.23 ± 0.02), and good stability over 90 days. Thermal analysis confirmed successful encapsulation of curcumin and piperine within the niosomal NPs. In vivo studies showed that PQ exposure significantly elevated ROS, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein carbonylation (PC) levels, while reducing glutathione (GSH) levels and impairing mitochondrial function (P &lt; 0.001). However, co-treatment with curcumin- and piperine-loaded niosomal NPs effectively reversed these effects (P &lt; 0.001), improving mitochondrial function.

Conclusion
The combined formulation of curcumin and piperine in niosomal NPs offers a promising therapeutic strategy for treating PQ-induced pulmonary toxicity, likely due to enhanced bioavailability and potent antioxidant activity.
Intrapartum Cardiotocography With Simultaneous Maternal Heart Rate Registration Improves Neonatal Outcome
Authors: Tarvonen Mikko , Markkanen Janne , Tuppurainen Ville , Jernman Riina , Stefanovic Vedran , Andersson Sture 
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024;230:379.e1–379.e12)
Cardiotocography (CTG) is the most common fetal surveillance method during delivery, involving simultaneous monitoring of uterine activity and fetal heart rate (FHR). Newer CTG monitors also track maternal heart rate (MHR), to prevent artifacts from disturbing FHR detection.
Late Reproduction Is Associated With Extended Female Survival But Not With Familial Longevity
Authors: de Kat Annelien C. , Roelofs Femke , Slagboom P. Eline , Broekmans Frank J. M. , Beekman Marian , van den Berg Niels 
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from Reprod Biomed Online 2024;49(3):104073)
Reproductive health in women is a broad term that can encompass health from birth such as being born with a complete set of oocytes, to fertility, pregnancy, deterioration of quantity, and quality of oocytes, to postmenopausal health. Although there are many available data on reproductive health, the relationship between female reproductive health and aging and somatic health and aging is not well characterized.
Gut microbiota and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wang Lin , Cui Ying , Han Bingyu , Du Yitong , Salewala Kenish Sirajbhai , Wang Shiya , Zhao Wenlu , Zhang Hongxin , Wang Sichen , Xu Xinran , Ma Jianpeng , Zhu Yan , Tuo Houzhen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. The microbiota–gut–brain axis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of PD, and numerous studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of modulations in the intestinal microbiota. This review provides insights into the characterization of the gut microbiota in patients with PD and highlights associations with clinical symptoms and underlying mechanisms. The discussion underscores the increased influence of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of PD. While the relationship is not fully elucidated, existing research demonstrates a strong correlation between changes in the composition of gut microbiota and disease development, and further investigation is warranted to explain the specific underlying mechanisms.