bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Spectral Energy Distributions of Clustered YSOs
Authors: Martínez-Galarza J. Rafael , Protopapas Pavlos , Smith Howard A. , Morales Esteban F. E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Despite significant evidence suggesting that intermediate- and high-mass stars form in clustered environments, how stars form when the available resources are shared is still not well understood. A related question is whether the initial mass function (IMF) is in fact universal across galactic environments, or whether it is an average of IMFs that differ, for example, in massive versus low-mass molecular clouds. One of the long-standing problems in resolving these questions and in the study of young clusters is observational: how to accurately combine multiwavelength data sets obtained using telescopes with different spatial resolutions. The resulting confusion hinders our ability to fully characterize clustered star formation. Here we present a new method that uses Bayesian inference to fit the blended spectral energy distributions and images of individual young stellar objects (YSOs) in confused clusters. We apply this method to the infrared photometry of a sample comprising 70 Spitzer-selected, low-mass (M
cl < 100 M
⊙) young clusters in the galactic plane, and we use the derived physical parameters to investigate how the distribution of YSO masses within each cluster relates to the total mass of the cluster. We find that for low-mass clusters this distribution is indistinguishable from a randomly sampled Kroupa IMF for this range of cluster masses. Therefore, any effects of self-regulated star formation that affect the IMF sampling are likely to play a role only at larger cluster masses. Our results are also compatible with smoothed particle hydrodynamics models that predict a dynamical termination of the accretion in protostars, with massive stars undergoing this stopping at later times in their evolution.
Optical Emission and Particle Acceleration in a Quasi-stationary Component in the Jet of OJ 287
Authors: Sasada Mahito , Jorstad Svetlana , Marscher Alan P. , Bala Vishal , Joshi Manasvita , MacDonald Nicholas R. , Malmrose Michael P. , Larionov Valeri M. , Morozova Daria A. , Troitsky Ivan S. , Agudo Iván , Casadio Carolina , Gómez José L. , Molina Sol N. , Itoh Ryosuke 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We analyze the linear polarization of the relativistic jet in BL Lacertae object OJ 287 as revealed by multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Array images at 43 GHz and monitoring observations at optical bands. The electric-vector position angle of the optical polarization matches that at 43 GHz at locations that are often in the compact millimeter-wave “core” or, at other epochs, coincident with a bright, quasi-stationary emission feature ∼0.2 mas (∼0.9 pc projected on the sky) downstream from the core. This implies that electrons with high enough energies to emit optical synchrotron and γ-ray inverse Compton radiation are accelerated both in the core and at the downstream feature, the latter of which lies ≥10 pc from the central engine. The polarization vector in the stationary feature is nearly parallel to the jet axis, as expected for a conical standing shock capable of accelerating electrons to GeV energies.
IR Spectroscopy of Fullerene Ions in a Cryogenic Quadrupole Trap
Authors: Gerlich Dieter , Jašík Juraj , Strelnikov Dmitry V. , Roithová Jana 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper reports gas-phase IR spectra of

(n = 1–3) ions in the range from 1100 to 1600 cm−1. The spectra were recorded with a temperature-variable radio frequency ion trap instrument. The experiments work with mass-selected ions confined in a linear wire quadrupole, where they form helium-tagged complexes following exposure to low-temperature (as low as 2.3 K) and high-density helium buffer gas. All measured lines are homogeneously broadened owing to a strong coupling between the vibrational states of the fullerene cage. The short lifetimes of picoseconds or below rule out measurements of high-resolution IR spectra. Reproducible sidebands with distances between 5 and 20 cm−1 enrich the spectra. Tentative explanations are based on nonlinear and symmetry-breaking interactions or may be due to the influence of the attached He atom. Comparison of the

spectrum with that of

reveals shifts up to 6 cm−1, while the IR spectra of

and

are very similar. With the harmonic potential of the trap the ions are squeezed into the rather narrow laser beam, increasing the sensitivity and simplifying the determination of absolute photoabsorption cross sections. Disregarding shifts of several cm−1, the gas-phase results for

and

are in agreement with previous matrix results and with theoretical predictions. The astrophysical relevance of our results is briefly mentioned.
The Positive Predictive Value of Smartphone Photoscreening in Pediatric Practices
Authors: Arnold Robert W. , Arnold Andrew W. , Hunt-Smith Taryn T. , Grendahl Robin L. , Winkle R. Kevin 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To compare smartphone photoscreening with other commercial objective screeners for amblyopia screening for young children.

Methods:
Ten pediatricians in four practices employed Nokia 1020 smartphones (Espoo, Finland) with single-axis Gobiquity software (Scottsdale, AZ) during well-child visits. Outcomes of confirmatory pediatric ophthalmology examinations were prospectively compared using American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus uniform standards.

Results:
Five percent of 6,310 in-office screenings were referred: 25% for high anisometropia, 31% for hyperopia, and 15% for myopia. The positive predictive value (PPV) in 217 follow-up examinations was 68% (95% confidence interval: 62% to 74%) by 2013 age-stratified standards and 77% (confidence interval: 71% to 83%) by 2003 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus standards. The follow-up rate was 65%.

Conclusions:
Smartphone photoscreening had PPV comparable with other commercial objective screeners. Simple, valid photoscreeners should help pediatricians achieve widespread compliance with screening guidelines to reduce the burden of pediatric amblyopia vision impairment.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(6):393–396.]
The Transcription Factor Runx2 Is Required for Long-Term Persistence of Antiviral CD8+ Memory T Cells
Authors: Olesin Elizabeth , Nayar Ribhu , Saikumar-Lakshmi Priya , Berg Leslie J 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
During acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, pathogen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion leading to viral clearance. Following this, the majority of pathogen-specific CD8+ T cells undergo apoptosis, leaving a small number of memory CD8+ T cells that persist long-term and provide rapid protection upon secondary infection. Whereas much is known about the cytokines and transcription factors that regulate the early effector phase of the antiviral CD8+ T cell response, the factors regulating memory T cell homeostasis and survival are not well understood. In this article, we show that the Runt-related transcription factor Runx2 is important for long-term memory CD8+ T cell persistence following acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus–Armstrong infection in mice. Loss of Runx2 in T cells led to a reduction in KLRG1lo CD127hi memory precursor cell numbers with no effect on KLRG1hi CD127lo terminal effector cell populations. Runx2 expression levels were transcriptionally regulated by TCR signal strength via IRF4, TLR4/7, and selected cytokines. These data demonstrate a CD8+ T cell–intrinsic role for Runx2 in the long-term maintenance of antiviral memory CD8+ T cell populations.
Lindman Design - Virtual World Experiences
Authors: Lindman Ludvaig 
Published: August 2018

Below you ﬁnd a short summary of the paper Iʻd like to write. I chose these
topics very careful, in order to make sure, I can provide proper information on
them. If you have any suggestions or youʻd be interested in speciﬁc
information on whatever topic listed below, feel welcome to contact me any
time. Thanks again for the chance to share my experience.
➡ Background information on Lindman Design.
➡ Creating a virtual company with zero knowledge.
➡ Learning and understanding economy of a virtual world.
➡ Becoming a developer and making successful products
➡ SL/RL - How metaverse platforms inﬂuence a developerʻs personal life.
➡ Virtual worlds spin faster - SL economy between 2007 and 2009 from a
developerʻs point of view.
An Exploration of Entrepreneurship in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games: Second Life and Entropia Universe
Authors: Kieger Stéphane 
Published: August 2018

Virtual worlds represent a new market with a distinct economy andmany individuals are trying to exploit this very new technology in thesearch of profitable opportunities. The current paper proposes to studyentrepreneurship in the Massively Multiplayer Online Role-PlayingGames (MMORPG) Second Life® and Entropia Universe® in whichmonetary trades are possible. A survey was proposed to the community of players of both games, and from a sample of 244 players, nineteenentrepreneurs were contacted for a second survey. The traits of theentrepreneurs were compared to those of the players andentrepreneurship was observed in Second Life® and Entropia Universe®. In fact, all the necessary conditions are present for entrepreneurship: a new technology giving new sources of revenues, an entrepreneur willing to invest money in order to increase his wealth, and a market with an economy well understood. The different entrepreneurs have developed successful ventures in several markets, and they had well defined the strategy they wanted to adopt. They have examined the different markets in which they have entered although they did not use all the tools known in the marketing fields. Further, some steps in the process of creation of the venture may not be important and some may be done relatively swiftly, thus the venture creation in MMORPG may be relatively easy. In conclusion, the venture creation may be relatively undemanding in virtual worlds, and this opens new possibilities for the future.
Who am I - and if so, where? A Study on Personality in Virtual Realities
Authors: Aas Benjamin Gregor , Meyerbröker Katharina , Emmelkamp Paul M. G. 
Published: August 2018

Virtual realities form a new technical platform, raising scientific questions about the human mind, communication and identity. There is hardly any scientific research on the influence of a virtual reality on the identity perception and the personality of a user of these virtual realities. The present study attempts to contribute to filling this gap by assessing the potential difference between real-life personality and the ‘virtual’ avatar personality using the online virtual world of Second Life. Dutch participants (N = 34) were asked to use their own avatar or create a new avatar within this online virtual reality, to communicate with other avatars and finally to fill in a Big Five personality questionnaire (5 Persoonlijkheids Factoren Test - 5PFT) via a virtual interactive testing screen within Second Life. The virtual 5 PFT scores were compared to pencil and paper scores of the same questionnaire, which had been filled in by all 34 participants during a first-year undergraduate test battery, seven months prior to the virtual testing. The results show no difference for any of the five subscales (extraversion, friendliness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, development) between the pencil and paper and the virtual version, suggesting that users of virtual realities do not create a ‘virtual’ personality for their avatar. Furthermore, high scores of internal consistency and high test-retest correlations between the two versions were found, which are very similar to the original test-retest scores of the 5PFT. These findings show the potential of virtual realities as new platforms for reliable (psychological) testing and future clinical applications.
Compounding the Results: The Integration of Virtual Worlds with the Semantic Web
Authors: Lesko Charles J. , Hollingsworth Yolanda A. 
Published: August 2018

Over the past 20 years governmental use of web-base information and technologies has continually expanded taking advantage of the Web's vast, ever-expanding volumes of browser-accessible information. Now infuse two new technologies, the first of these espouses a world where semantic-powered applications become knowledgeable assistants for web users. The second new technology takes a perceivably flat two-dimensional approach to presenting current web-content and adds a third-dimensional perspective to the presentation. Welcome to the Semantic Web as seen through the eyes of a Virtual World participant, an environment where web users no longer are browsing for information that is largely static; where web users interacting through their proxies (avatars) query applications (web agents) soliciting them to collect, filter, verify, correlate, and present answers to their queries often in more visually palatable three-dimensional format.Following a brief overview of these two technologies, this article presents several of the key force drivers behind their evolution and the benefits gleaned from their collective use. Further discussion identifies new methods for visualizing semantic content in Virtual Worlds. Finally, as with any technological evolution, merging these two technologies brings on a whole new set of challenges from a web user’s perspective as well as perspectives from both technology developers in academia and government.
Design Principles for Doing Business on Second Life: an immersive ethnographic study
Authors: Azeharie Reza , Sharma Ravi Shankar 
Published: August 2018

This paper addresses the question of designing a virtual world business. A popular and economically thriving community - namely Second Life (www.lindenlab.com) - was selected for the research investigation. From an extensive literature review, a conceptual framework was developed in order to model the four most thriving industries on Second Life: (1) Real Estate, (2) Building, (3) Fashion, and (4) Entertainment. A six-month immersive ethnographic study was conducted using two primary research techniques of participant observations and in-depth interviews. For each industry, the results are summarized according to the business areas that were deemed critical. The final section presents a synthesis of the integrated context to gain further insights on the industrial dependency among the four industries. The PARTS framework of Brandenburger and Nalebuff (1995) was used to synthesise design rules for the business owner operating in a virtual economy. The paper concludes by linking the act of fantasy fulfilment with the demand for virtual goods and services.
Associating Automatic Natural Language Processing to Serious Games and Virtual Worlds
Authors: Bretaudière Treveur , Cruz-Lara Samuel , Rojas Barahona Lina María 
Published: August 2018

We present our current research activities associating automatic natural language processing to serious games and virtual worlds. Several interesting scenarios have been developed: language learning, natural language generation, multilingual information, emotion detection, real-time translations, and non-intrusive access to linguistic information such as definitions or synonyms. Part of our work has contributed to the specification of the Multi Lingual Information Framework [ISO FDIS 24616], (MLIF,2011). Standardization will grant stability, interoperability and sustainability of an important part of our research activities, in particular, in the framework of representing and managing multilingual textual information.
Experiences of community caregivers in the assessment of malnutrition using mid-upper arm circumference measurement in children under 5 years old
Authors: Ndlovu Gabisile P. , Sokhela Dudu G. , Sibiya Maureen N. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Malnutrition is a major public health challenge in developing countries. It has been identified as an important cause of child mortality and morbidity and leads to inadequate physical and cognitive development in children. The South African government implemented a strategy for malnutrition assessment in children under 5 years by community caregivers (CCGs), who would then refer children at risk or those having developed malnutrition to primary health care clinics. Irrespective of this strategy, children still present at clinics with severe malnutrition.Aim: The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of community caregivers with the assessment of malnutrition in children under 5 years old.Setting: The study was conducted in North Area six of eThekwini district in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: A qualitative, exploratory descriptive approach was used to collect data from 13 purposively selected CCGs. Content analysis was used to analyse data.Results: The majority of participants were dissatisfied with the training, as it was conducted in a language in which they were not proficient. They reported a lack of support and supervision in their performance such that mid-upper arm circumference was non-prioritised. They were dissatisfied with work overload not matched by remuneration and they worked under unsafe conditions.Conclusion: Effective training of CCGs needs to be conducted in the language that they understand to combat malnutrition in children under 5 years. CCGs have multiple roles and may need to prioritise their work; this is not easy and requires specific guidance from skilled health professionals.
Here’s How I Write–Hebrew: Psychometric Properties and Handwriting Self-Awareness Among Schoolchildren With and Without Dysgraphia
Authors: Goldstand Sarina , Gevir Debbie , Yefet Renana , Maeir Adina 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Here’s How I Write–Hebrew (HHIW–HE) and compared handwriting self-awareness between children with and without dysgraphia.
METHOD. Fifty-eight children (29 with and 29 without dysgraphia) completed the HHIW–HE. Occupational therapists provided corresponding ratings that were based on objective handwriting assessments. Self-awareness was measured through child–therapist consensus.
RESULTS. The HHIW–HE has an internal consistency of α = .884. Children with dysgraphia rated themselves as significantly more impaired than controls on 6 of 24 HHIW–HE items and on the total score, with medium to large effect sizes (0.37–0.61). Mean child–therapist agreement was significantly higher for the controls than for the research group, t(56) = 4.268, p = .000.
CONCLUSION. Results support the HHIW–HE’s validity. Children with dysgraphia reported more handwriting difficulties than did controls; however, they tended to overestimate their handwriting abilities.
Summertime episodic chlorophyll a blooms near the east coast of the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Son Young-Tae , Park Jae-Hyoung , Nam SungHyun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We present intensive observational data of surface chlorophyll a bloom
episodes occurring over several days in the summers of 2011, 2012 and 2013,
accompanying the equatorward advection of low sea surface salinity (SSS)
water near the east coast of the Korean Peninsula. Time-series analysis of meteorological
and oceanographic (physical and biochemical) parameter data, such as
chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) from surface mooring, ocean color
(chlorophyll a and total suspended sediment), sea surface height
(satellite-derived) and serial hydrographic data (from in situ
measurements), was used to investigate the relationship between surface bloom events and
changes in seawater characteristics and currents. In the summers of the 3
years, a total of 10 bloom events (E01–E10) were identified during which the
surface CF was significantly (> 2 µg L−1) enhanced
over a relatively long (> 1 day) period. The bloom events in the summers of
2011 and 2012 were accompanied by low or decreasing SSS for several days to a
week after heavy rainfall at upstream stations and equatorward currents.
Unlike the typical 8 of the 10 events (80 %), E07 was potentially derived
from the onshore advection of high CF offshore water of southern origin into
the coastal zone near the mooring, whereas E10 possibly prevailed by offshore
advection of high CF plume water trapped by the coastal area. Contrasting
with many coastal systems, these findings indicate that event-scale
productivity near the east coast of the Korean Peninsula in summer is not controlled by
local blooms triggered by either nutrients or light availability, but by the
equatorward and cross-shore advection of high CF plume water.
National trends of preoperative imaging modalities before partial nephrectomy for renal masses in the U.S. from 2007–2015
Authors: Kim Jae Heon , Li Shufeng , Khandwala Yash , Del Giudice Francesco , Chung Kyung Jin , Park Hyung Keun , Chung Benjamin I. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Although the performance of partial nephrectomies (PN) for renal masses has increased rapidly over the years, only a few studies have investigated the frequency and patterns of preoperative imaging modalities. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and patterns in preoperative imaging modalities before PN.
Methods: A total of 21 445 patients who underwent PN between 2007 and 2015 were selected from a national representative population in the MarketScan database and included in this study. The annual incidence and proportion of PN, as well as the use of each preoperative imaging modality were analyzed.
Results: Both annual crude number and frequency rate of PN decreased or became static since 2012. Computed tomography (CT) shows the greatest proportion of the crude number and percentage; despite a slight decrease in percentage, it is still >80%. Among the combinations, CT alone and CT combined with ultrasonography showed the highest performance rate during the complete observational period. The proportion of all other combinations, which include other complex combinations except CT alone, CT plus ultrasonography, CT plus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and CT plus MRI plus ultrasonography, was 13.95% in 2007, but increased to 19.04% in 2014.
Conclusions: CT still plays a major role in preoperative imaging for renal masses, whereby CT alone and CT combined with ultrasonography account for a major proportion of the preoperative imaging patterns. The use of other imaging combinations, as well as renal biopsies, shows an increasing trend. Additional studies are needed to investigate whether this trend in preoperative imaging is related to the frequency rate of PN.