bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epilepsy Surgery in the First 3 Years of Life: Predictors of Seizure Freedom and Cognitive Development
Authors: Kadish Navah Ester , Bast Thomas , Reuner Gitta , Wagner Kathrin , Mayer Hans , Schubert-Bast Susanne , Wiegand Gert , Strobl Karl , Brandt Armin , Korinthenberg Rudolf , van Velthoven Vera , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Zentner Josef , Ramantani Georgia 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although the majority of children undergoing epilepsy surgery are younger than 3 yr at epilepsy manifestation, only few actually receive surgical treatment in early childhood. Past studies have, however, suggested that earlier intervention may correlate with superior developmental outcomes.

OBJECTIVE
To identify predictors for long-term seizure freedom and cognitive development following epilepsy surgery in the first 3 yr of life and determine the appropriate timing for surgical treatment in this age group.

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the data of 48 consecutive children aged 1.1 ± 0.7 yr at surgery.

RESULTS
Final surgeries comprised 52% hemispherotomies, 13% multilobar, and 35% intralobar resections. Etiology included cortical malformations in 71%, peri- or postnatal ischemic lesions in 13%, and benign tumor or tuberous sclerosis in 8% each. At last follow-up (median 4.3, range 1-14.3 yr), 60% of children remained seizure-free: 38% had discontinued antiepileptic drugs. Intralobar lesionectomy resulted more often in seizure control than multilobar or hemispheric surgery. Postsurgical seizure freedom was determined by the completeness of resection. Early postsurgical seizures were key markers of seizure recurrence. Presurgical adaptive and cognitive developmental status was impaired in 89% children. Longer epilepsy duration and larger lesion extent were detrimental to presurgical development, which, in turn, determined the postsurgical developmental outcome.

CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrates that epilepsy surgery in very young children is safe as well as efficient regarding long-term seizure freedom and antiepileptic drug cessation in selected candidates. Longer epilepsy duration is the only modifiable predictor of impaired adaptive and cognitive development, thus supporting early surgical intervention.
Exploring atmospheric free-radical chemistry in China: the self-cleansing capacity and the formation of secondary air pollution
Authors: Lu Keding , Guo Song , Tan Zhaofeng , Wang Haichao , Shang Dongjie , Liu Yuhan , Li Xin , Wu Zhijun , Hu Min , Zhang Yuanhang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSince 1971, it has been known that the atmospheric free radicals play a pivotal role in maintaining the oxidizing power of the troposphere. The existence of the oxidizing power is an important feature of the troposphere to remove primary air pollutants emitted from human beings as well as those from the biosphere. Nevertheless, serious secondary air-pollution incidents can take place due to fast oxidation of the primary pollutants. Elucidating the atmospheric free-radical chemistry is a demanding task in the field of atmospheric chemistry worldwide, which includes two kinds of work: first, the setup of reliable radical detection systems; second, integrated field studies that enable closure studies on the sources and sinks of targeted radicals such as OH and NO3. In this review, we try to review the Chinese efforts to explore the atmospheric free-radical chemistry in such chemical complex environments and the possible link of this fast gas-phase oxidation with the fast formation of secondary air pollution in the city-cluster areas in China.
Dispositionalism
Authors: Anjum Rani Lill , Mumford Stephen 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Since the advent of modern philosophy, causation has been treated as a relation between two separate events. Any worldly dynamism is then provided by the succession of essentially static events. Recent decades have seen a revival of interest in powers, but this has been hampered by an acceptance of many of the presuppositions of modern philosophy, most conspicuously those of Hume. Simply placing powers on top of the static Humean framework will not do. Causal dispositionalism offers a more dynamic notion, where an instance of causation involves a unified process rather than a relation between distinct events. This theory has a number of advantages. It can account for change as well as stability, long- and short-lived processes, genuine complexity and real emergence, non-linear interaction of causes, extreme context-sensitivity, and contrary powers. This is a more plausible framework for understanding causation in biology, ontologically and epistemically.
A Process Ontology for Macromolecular Biology
Authors: Guttinger Stephan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter argues (a) that macromolecules are fundamentally relational entities and (b) that only a process ontology can account for them. The basis for the argument is the ecological model proposed in 1981 by Charles Birch and John B. Cobb, which states that all entities, from atoms to populations, are ecosystems and hence fundamentally relational in character. The chapter first discusses how Birch and Cobb use the concept of internal relations to argue that ecosystems are processual in nature. It then shows that their account fails when it comes to macromolecules, as it does not offer an understanding of macromolecular behaviour in terms of internal relations. Following this, two case studies—symbiosis and enzyme function—are used for developing a fully relational account of molecular behaviour. This enables the expansion of Birch and Cobb’s ecological model into a process framework that also applies to macromolecules.
Conclusions
Authors: Bebbington Anthony , Abdulai Abdul-Gafaru , Bebbington Denise Humphreys , Hinfelaar Marja , Sanborn Cynthia A. , Achberger Jessica , Huber Celina Grisi , Hurtado Verónica , Ramírez Tania , Odell Scott D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis chapter synthesizes findings from Bolivia, Ghana, Peru, and Zambia. It concludes that political settlements influence the relationships between resource-dependent economies and patterns of social inclusion. However, neither authoritarian, dominant leader forms of politics, nor competitive democratic politics has fostered significant economic diversification or reduced levels of resource dependence. The extractive economy does, however, influence the dynamics of national political settlements. The rents that resource extraction makes possible, and the high cost of engaging in extractive industries, induce asymmetries and create incentives for political exclusion. Colonial and post-colonial histories of resource extraction give political valence to ideas that have helped mobilize actors who have challenged relations of power and institutional arrangements. The materiality of subsoil resources has direct implications for subnational forms of holding power that can influence resource access and control. Mineral and hydrocarbon economies bring both transnational and local political actors into the constitution of national political settlements.
Mass-transfer properties of overcontact systems in the Kepler eclipsing binary catalog
Authors: Kouzuma Shinjirou 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We selected mass-transferring binary candidates from the catalog of Kepler eclipsing binary stars and investigated the dependence of the mass-transfer rate on several astrophysical quantities, including orbital period, semi-major axis, mass ratio, fill-out factor, temperature, and mass. We selected the candidates using O − C diagrams and calculated their mass-transfer rates. Primary masses were obtained from the mass–temperature relation, and the temperatures of the component stars were extracted from a catalog of temperatures for Kepler eclipsing binary stars. The mass-transfer rates of overcontact systems have associations with astrophysical quantities that seem to differ from those of semi-detached or detached systems. These associations indicate that mass exchange from more- to less-massive components (less- to more-massive components) generally becomes rapid (slow) as the mass exchange evolves. However, for mass exchange from more- to less-massive components, this tendency is not reasonable for binaries with a short period (P &lt; 0.4 d) and low mass (M1 &lt; 1.2 M⊙) because the correlations of these binaries are opposite to those of binaries with a long period and high mass. These different correlations likely arise from differences in correlation between subtypes of W UMa systems (i.e., W- and A-types). Alternatively, when mass exchange from more- to less-massive components reoccurs after a mass-ratio reversal, its properties may differ from those of the first mass exchange.
A high dust emissivity index β for a CO-faint galaxy in a filamentary Lyα nebula at z = 3.1
Authors: Kato Yuta , Matsuda Yuichi , Iono Daisuke , Hatsukade Bunyo , Umehata Hideki , Kohno Kotaro , Alexander David M , Ao Yiping , Chapman Scott C , Hayes Matthew , Kubo Mariko , Lehmer Bret D , Malkan Matthew A , Michiyama Tomonari , Nagao Tohru , Saito Tomoki , Tanaka Ichi , Taniguchi Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present CO J = 4–3 line and 3 mm dust continuum observations of a 100 kpc-scale filamentary Lyα nebula (SSA22 LAB18) at z = 3.1 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We detected the CO J = 4–3 line at a systemic zCO = 3.093 ± 0.001 at 11 σ from one of the ALMA continuum sources associated with the Lyα filament. We estimated the CO J = 4–3 luminosity of $L^{\prime }_{\rm {CO(4-3)}}=(2.3 \pm 0.2)\times 10^{9}\:$K km s−1 pc2 for this CO source, which is one order of magnitude smaller than those of typical z &gt; 1 dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) of similar far-infrared luminosity LIR ∼ 1012 L⊙. We derived a molecular gas mass of $M_{\rm {gas}} = (4.4^{+0.9}_{-0.6}) \times 10^{9}\, M_{{\odot }}$ and a star-formation rate of SFR =270 ± 160 M⊙ yr−1. We also estimated a gas depletion time of τdep = 17 ± 10 Myr, which is shorter than those of typical DSFGs. It is suggested that this source is in the transition phase from DSFG to a gas-poor, early-type galaxy. From ALMA to Herschel multi-band dust continuum observations, we measured a dust emissivity index β = 2.3 ± 0.2, which is similar to those of local gas-poor, early-type galaxies. From recent laboratory experiments, the specific chemical compositions needed to reproduce such a high β for interstellar dust at the submillimeter wavelengths. ALMA CO and multi-band dust continuum observations can constrain the evolutionary stage of high-redshift galaxies through τdep and β, and thus we can investigate the chemical composition of dust even in the early Universe.
An application of the Ghosh & Lamb model to the accretion-powered X-ray pulsar X Persei
Authors: Yatabe Fumiaki , Makishima Kazuo , Mihara Tatehiro , Nakajima Motoki , Sugizaki Mutsumi , Kitamoto Shunji , Yoshida Yuki , Takagi Toshihiro 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The accretion-induced pulse period changes of the Be/X-ray binary pulsar X Persei were investigated over the period of 1996 January to 2017 September. This study utilized the monitoring data acquired with the RXTE All-Sky Monitor in 1.5–12 keV and the MAXI Gas-Slit Camera in 2–20 keV. The source intensity changed by a factor of 5–6 over this period. The pulsar was spinning down for 1996–2003, and has been spinning up since 2003, as already reported. The spin-up/down rate and the 3–12 keV flux, determined every 250 d, showed a clear negative correlation, which can be successfully explained by the accretion torque model proposed by Ghosh and Lamb (1979, ApJ, 234, 296). When the mass, radius, and distance of the neutron star were allowed to vary over a range of 1.0–2.4 solar masses, 9.5–15 km, and 0.77–0.85 kpc, respectively, the magnetic field strength of B = (4–25) × 1013 G gave the best fits to the observations. In contrast, the observed results cannot be explained by the values of B ∼ 1012 G previously suggested for X Persei, as long as the mass, radius, and distance are required to take reasonable values. Assuming a distance of 0.81 ± 0.04 kpc as indicated by optical astrometry, the mass of the neutron star is estimated as M = 2.03 ± 0.17 solar masses.
A novel nutritional intervention improves lung function in overweight/obese adolescents with poorly controlled asthma: the Supplemental Nutrition in Asthma Control (SNAC) pilot study
Authors: Bseikri Mustafa , McCann Joyce C. , Lal Ashutosh , Fong Edward , Graves Kirsten , Goldrich Alisa , Block Devan , Gildengoren Ginny L. , Mietus‐Snyder Michele , Shigenaga Mark , Suh Jung , Hardy Karen , Ames Bruce N. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTAsthma in the obese is often severe, difficult to treat, and characterized by less eosinophilic inflammation than asthma in the nonobese. Obesity‐associated metabolic dysregulation may be a causal factor. We previously reported that a nutrient‐ and fiber‐dense bar [Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI)‐bar], which was designed to fill gaps in poor diets, improved metabolism in healthy overweight/obese (OW/OB) adults. In this pilot trial, OW/OB adolescents with poorly controlled asthma were randomized to weekly nutrition/exercise classes with or without twice‐daily CHORI‐bar consumption. Intent‐to‐treat analysis did not indicate CHORI‐bar‐specific effects. However, restricting the analysis to participants with acceptable compliance and a relatively low fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO; <50/ppb, a surrogate for noneosinophilic asthma; study participants: CHORI‐bar, n = 16; controls, n = 15) indicated that CHORI‐bar‐specific, significant improvements in lung function (forced vital capacity, percent‐predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and percent‐predicted forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of forced vital capacity), primarily in participants with low chronic inflammation (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein <1.5 mg/L). (We previously observed that chronic inflammation blunted CHORI‐bar‐induced metabolic improvements in healthy OW/OB adults.) Lung function improvement occurred without weight loss and was independent of improvements in metabolic and anthropometric end points and questionnaire‐based measures of asthma control and quality of life. This study suggests that a nutritional intervention can improve lung function in OW/OB adolescents with asthma and relatively low FENO without requiring major changes in dietary habits, lifestyle, or weight loss and that this effect is blunted by chronic inflammation.—Bseikri, M., McCann, J. C., Lal, A., Fong, E., Graves,K., Goldrich, A., Block, D., Gildengoren, G. L., Mietus‐Snyder, M., Shigenaga, M., Suh, J., Hardy, K., Ames, B. N. A novel nutritional intervention improves lung function in overweight/obese adolescentswith poorly controlled asthma: the Supplemental Nutrition in Asthma Control (SNAC) pilot study. FASEB J. 32, 6643–6654 (2018). www.fasebj.org
Seasonal ocular allergy and pollen counts
Authors: Prince Arianna , Norris Matthew R. , Bielory Leonard 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of the article is to provide a historical overview of literature regarding pollen sensitization and ocular allergy with an emphasis on developments that have occurred over the past 5 years.Recent findingsCurrently, pollen studies have examined the molecular and cellular pathways involved in initiating allergic conjunctivitis to find targets for therapeutics. Studies have also documented the threshold, linear increase and plateau point in the relationship between pollen levels and allergic conjunctivitis symptoms.SummaryTraditionally, intact pollen grains are counted as a means of correlating patient symptoms to allergen exposure. However, establishing a dose–response relationship between pollen grain exposure and allergic conjunctivitis has proven to be difficult. It has been observed that ocular allergies induce a two-fold response including early-phase and late-phase IgE-mediated reactions. Sensitization itself is a combination of pollen exposure over time in genetically predisposed individual. However, symptoms appear to reach an asymptotic point at which clinical severity plateaus. More studies are needed to clearly define differences in pollen sensitization by plant species.
Advancing Holistic Review for Faculty Recruitment and Advancement
Authors: Harris Toi Blakley , Thomson William A. , Moreno Nancy P. , Conrad Sarah , White S. Elizabeth , Young Geoffrey H. , Malmberg Erik D. , Weisman Bonnie , Monroe Alicia D.H. 
Published: July 2018

Problem
The challenges to developing a physician and scientific workforce that both reflects and provides quality care for the complex and richly diverse population of the United States are considerable.

Approach
One medical school (Baylor College of Medicine) sought to adapt the Holistic Review in Admissions process developed by the Association of American Medical Colleges and apply it to faculty. In the fall of 2016, academic leaders received on-site training and completed several workshop exercises. The goal was for the leaders to build consensus around a holistic review framework for hiring and advancing faculty that is based on the institution’s mission, vision, and values.

Outcomes
This training occurred during Baylor’s ongoing strategic planning and helped inform improvements in the faculty recruitment and hiring process, in the guidelines for faculty appointment and promotion, and in the pilot of an administrative leadership candidate rating tool, the “experiences–attributes–academic metrics model.” The model that developed from the pilot translates the holistic review concept into a tool for identifying, hiring, and promoting faculty members and administrative leaders that is aligned to the values of Baylor. The utility of this framework lies in the clear delineation of metrics and qualifications along with the prioritization of attributes and experiences.

Next Steps
This innovation is being piloted and evaluated to determine its effect on advancing the institutional mission of Baylor.
Moderate and Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Hemodynamic and Cardiac Effects of an Open Lung Strategy With Recruitment Maneuver Analyzed Using Echocardiography*
Authors: Mercado Pablo , Maizel Julien , Kontar Loay , Nalos Marek , Huang Stephen , Orde Sam , McLean Anthony , Slama Michel 
Published: July 2018

Objectives:
Open lung ventilation with a recruitment maneuver could be beneficial for acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. However, the increased airway pressures resulting from the recruitment maneuver may induce cardiac dysfunction, limiting the benefit of this maneuver. We analyzed the effect of a recruitment maneuver and decremental positive end-expiratory pressure titration on cardiac function.

Settings:
Medical ICU Amiens, France.

Patients:
Twenty patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome

Interventions:
Patients underwent a stepwise recruitment maneuver with respiratory evaluation and echocardiography assessment of cardiac function including longitudinal strain at baseline, peak positive end-expiratory pressure of recruitment maneuver (positive end-expiratory pressure 40 cm H2O), and at “optimal” positive end-expiratory pressure. The patients were divided into two groups based on change on the Pao
2/Fio
2 ratio (nonresponders < 50%; responders ≥ 50%).

Measurements and Main Results:
At peak positive end-expiratory pressure during the recruitment maneuver, the arterial pressure, cardiac output, left ventricular size decreased and right ventricular size increased. The left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 60% ± 13% to 48% ± 18% (p = 0.05). Both left and right ventricular global longitudinal strain were impaired (–15.8% ± 4.5% to –11% ± 4.7% and –19% ± 5% to –14% ± 6% [p = 0.05] respectively). Fifty percent of patients were nonresponders and demonstrated a lower hemodynamic tolerance to the recruitment maneuver than responders. Optimal positive end-expiratory pressure was 14 ± 5 cm H2O (vs 11 ± 4 cm H2O at baseline), and Pao
2/Fio
2 ratio increased from 111 ± 25 to 197 ± 89 mm Hg (p < 0.0001). All hemodynamic variables returned to their baseline value after the recruitment maneuver despite a higher positive end-expiratory pressure.

Conclusions:
An open lung strategy with a stepwise recruitment maneuver permitted a higher positive end-expiratory pressure and improved oxygenation without any cardiac impairment. The recruitment maneuver was associated with mild and transient, cardiac dysfunction, with nonresponders demonstrating poorer tolerance.
New Morbidity and Discharge Disposition of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Survivors*
Authors: Keim Garrett , Watson R. Scott , Thomas Neal J. , Yehya Nadir 
Published: July 2018

Objectives:
Much of the research related to pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome has focused on inhospital mortality and interventions affecting this outcome. Limited data exist on survivors’ morbidity, hospital disposition, and 1-year survival. The aim of this study was to determine new morbidity rate, discharge disposition, and 1-year mortality for survivors of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Design:
Secondary analysis of prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Quaternary children’s hospital.

Patients:
Three-hundred sixteen mechanically ventilated children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (Berlin and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference criteria) between July 2011 and December 2014.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We performed secondary analysis of a prospectively recruited cohort of 316 mechanically ventilated children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome between July 2011, and December 2014. Preillness and hospital discharge Functional Status Scale score were determined via chart review, and factors associated with new morbidity, defined as an increase of Functional Status Scale score of 3 or more, were analyzed. Demographic variables, pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome characteristics, and ventilator management were tested for association with development of new morbidity, discharge disposition, and 1-year mortality. Inhospital mortality of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome was 13.3% (42/316). Of 274 survivors to hospital discharge, new morbidity was seen in 63 patients (23%). Discharge to rehabilitation rate was 24.5% (67/274) and associated with development of new morbidity. One- and 3-year mortality of survivors was 5.5% (15 deaths) and 8% (22 deaths) and was associated with baseline Functional Status Scale, immunocompromised status, Pediatric Risk of Mortality III, and organ failures at pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome onset, but not with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome severity.

Conclusions:
New morbidity was common after pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome and appears to be intermediate phenotype between survival without morbidity and death, making it a useful metric in future interventional and outcome studies in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.