bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pietismus und Krise. Der hallesche und der radikale Pietismus im dänischen Gesamtstaat
Authors: Engelhardt Juliane 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz untersucht die Reaktionen der Bevölkerung und Kirche auf die Bestrebungen Christians VI. (1730–1746), den Halleschen Pietismus in den Kernländern des Gesamtstaates, Dänemark, Norwegen, Schleswig und Holstein, zu verbreiten. Der dänische König berief systematisch pietistische Bischöfe und Pfarrer und machte die Konfirmation und den pietistischen Katechismus „Wahrheit zu Gottesfurcht“ obligatorisch. Sowohl die Frau des Königs, Königin Sophie Magdalene, als auch seine engsten Berater in der Zentraladministration waren deutsche Pietisten. Gleichzeitig entstanden im gesamten Reich, vor allem in Kopenhagen, Nordjütland und Südnorwegen, private radikalpietistische Konventikel. Besonders einer dieser Konventikel, der sich im Gasthof „Den forgyldte Okse“ (Der vergoldete Ochse) mitten in Kopenhagen traf, rief erhebliche Unruhen in der Bevölkerung hervor, weil die Teilnehmer dieses Konventikels beträchtlich von den geltenden sozialen Normen abwichen. Die Hauptthese dieses Aufsatzes ist, dass die propietistische Politik des Königs eine umfassende kirchliche Krise auslöste, die einer politischen und Verfassungskrise nahekam. Ursache dafür war die Tatsache, dass die absolutistische Macht des Königs auf dem „Kongelov“ (Königsgesetz) von 1665 beruhte, welches ihn verpflichtete, das Augsburger Bekenntnis aufrechtzuerhalten. Nach Ansicht dänischer Theologen stand die pietistische Unterscheidung zwischen wahren und falschen Christen im Widerspruch zu dem lutherischen Grundsatz, wonach der Mensch allein durch den Glauben die Vergebung der Sünden und Gerechtigkeit vor Gott erlangen könne. Ein weiterer Konfliktpunkt war die Tatsache, dass pietistische Pfarrer ihren Gemeindemitgliedern die Absolution und damit den Zugang zum Abendmahl verweigerten. Dies rief große Wut und Angst in der breiten Bevölkerung hervor. Anstatt ihre Seele und ihren Lebensstil zu erforschen, wie es die pietistischen Texte forderten, richteten viele ihre Gefühle in Form von Klagen und Straßenprotesten nach außen gegen die Versammlungsorte der Pietisten. Diese heftigen Reaktionen sind im Zusammenhang mit der Tatsache zu sehen, dass die Bevölkerung nicht daran gewöhnt war, auf andere religiöse Richtungen als das traditionelle Luthertum zu treffen. Die Unruhen hörten mit dem Tod des Königs 1746 auf. Auf längere Sicht hat seine propietistische Politik die Voraussetzung für die religiösen Erweckungen geschaffen, die in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts in Dänemark wie in Norwegen entstanden.
Tod und Verklärung. Das Professorengrab als biographisches Zeugnis
Authors: Reichert Folker 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der menschliche Tod trennt Leben und Nachleben voneinander. Grabmäler bringen die Unterscheidung zum Ausdruck und wirken der Sinnlosigkeit des Todes entgegen. Der Aufsatz geht von fünf Beispielen aus, in denen sich verschiedene Arten des Umgangs mit Tod und Totengedenken spiegeln. Es handelt sich um Gräber von Historikern aus einer eng umgrenzten Epoche. Deren Eckdaten liefern der Anfang des Ersten Weltkriegs und der Ausgang des Zweiten. Vorgeschichte und Entstehung der Grabmäler werden behandelt, deren Aussagen gedeutet. Man sollte sie als Zeugnisse der Personen-, Wissenschafts- und jeweiligen Zeitgeschichte verstehen. Der Verfasser plädiert für intensive Recherchen auf einem zu Unrecht vernachlässigten Forschungsgebiet.
Multi-Objective based Optimal Generation Scheduling Considering Wind and Solar Energy Systems
Authors: Reddy Salkuti Surender , Sandeep Vuddanti , Chitti Babu B. , Jung Chan-Mook 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper presents an optimum day-ahead scheduling of thermal and renewable (wind and solar photovoltaic) power generation as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem considering the uncertainty. System operating cost (i.e. cost of thermal, wind, solar PV and battery), reliability and emission cost are considered to be optimized simultaneously. The uncertainties due to the generator outages, wind, solar PV power and load forecast errors are incorporated in the proposed optimization problem using the Loss Of Load Probability (LOLP) and Expected Unserved Energy (EUE) reliability indices. In the proposed approach, the amount of spinning reserves (SRs) required are scheduled based on the desired level of system reliability. The proposed multi-objective optimization problem is solved using NSGA-II algorithm. Different case studies are performed considering different objective functions that may be selected by system operator (SO) based on the preference.
Alexander III., Dareios I. und das speererworbene Land (Diod. 17, 17, 2)
Authors: Degen Julian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article aims to shed new light on Diodorus’ episode about Alexander’s crossing of the Hellespont by bringing ancient Near Eastern evidence into discussion. I assume that Diodorus’ “report” is a nesting of three different narrative-elements woven to a composition which provides a purposeful viewex post factoon the event in 334 BCE. By showing that Alexander adapted Achaemenid strategies to legitimize his power over the new won empire as well his awareness of older Mesopotamian geographical ideas, this article argues that the Argead ruler exposed himself with predominant concepts of ancient Near Eastern kingship. The argumentation underlines for the most part that Diod. 17, 17, 2 is an intentional episode containing Greek-Macedonian propaganda and Persian elements. Especially the famous scene of Alexander hurling a spear in the coast of Asia Minor and the belief that the Persian empire is a gift of the gods root in Teispid and Achaemenid royal ideology. However, Diodorus’ portrayal of Alexander as the first of the Macedons who landed on the coast is an element of his propaganda used during the early phase of his conquest. Finally, this article aims to bring new insights into the discussion about Alexander being the “last Achaemenid”.
Kriminalpolitik und Reform des spanischen Strafgesetzbuchs. Chronik einer unvollendeten Geschichte
Authors: Conde Francisco Muñoz 
Published: September 2018

Abstract[...] Ich komme aus der Stadt Sevilla, Wiege der Kaiser Trajan und Hadrian [...], und ich komme nach Rom [...], Wiege der Kultur und des Rechts, um heute hier den Nono Premio Internazionale Silvia Sandano zu empfangen. Ich weiß nicht, ob ich wirklich eine solch hohe Anerkennung verdient habe, doch kann ich sagen, „und ich sage es kühn“, dass die Werte, [welche dieser Preis fördern will], diejenigen gewesen sind, deren Verteidigung und deren Geltung ich über mehr als ein halbes Jahrhundert mein ganzes Leben als Strafrechtslehrer und Strafrechtsgelehrter gewidmet habe [...]Lectio magistralis vom 25. Juni 2018 in Rom anlässlich der Verleihung des Nono Premio Internazionale Silvia Sandano, der jedes Jahr an einen Juristen verliehen wird, „der der sich besonders durch seinen Beitrag zur Unterstützung der Grundrechte der Person, für den Fortschritt der Strafrechtswissenschaft und für den Schutz der Würde eines jeden Menschen ohne Rücksicht auf das religiöse Bekenntnis, des Geschlechts, der Volkszugehörigkeit, der Sprache, der politischen Ansichten und der ökonomischen und sozialen Lage hervorgetan hat“. – Übersetzung ins Deutsche von Thomas Vormbaum des von Luigi Foffani aus dem Spanischen ins Italienische übersetzen Originaltextes..
Theory of Dispersion Reduction in Plastic Optical Gratings Fiber
Authors: Hisham Hisham Kadhum 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we have proposed a way for reducing the dispersion level in plastic optical grating fiber by optimizing the grating-coupling strength (ξ) numerically. The effects of average refractive index (δn) and temperature (T) variation on the dispersion properties are investigated. Results show that, for reducing the dispersion level, the ξ parameter should be optimized and the amplitude of the δn needs to be reduced. Also results show that the dispersion due to the wavelength shift induced by the temperature variation will be eliminated by operating at high ξ value.
Design and Implementation of OFDM System using QPSK & QAM
Authors: Kumar Arun , Rathore Hemant 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this work, OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) is analyzed for different transmission schemes on the basis of BER (Bit Error Rate), transmitting-receiving signal, constellation diagram and the best transmitting scheme is determined for OFDM. OFDM is analogous to Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) in which the multiple user access is achieved by sub-dividing the existing spectrum into various channels, which are then allocated to users. In this paper Mat-lab simulation OFDM is used to see, how the Bit Error Ratio (BER) of a transmission varies when signal to Noise Ratio (S/N) and Multi-Propagation effect are altered to transmit a computer file in binary data from modulated by 16-QAM and QPSK modulation, finally at the end of the transmission, when the receiver receives the data, a comparison of the transmitted and the received messages is done in order to calculate the Bit Error Ratio (BER).
Glucose intolerance in children with cystic fibrosis: a developing country’s perspective
Authors: Banavath Lakshmipathi Naik , Kumar Rakesh , Dayal Devi , Yadav Jaivinder , Sachdeva Naresh , Mathew Joseph L. , Vaidya Pankaj C. , Singh Meenu 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a common comorbidity reported in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). There is a dearth of data on glucose intolerance or CFRD in children with CF from developing countries. So, we planned to study the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in children with CF and its relation with the duration and severity of CF.

Methods
We performed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on children (2–18 years old) having CF for at least 6 months. Two-hour plasma glucose levels on OGTT were correlated with various disease-related factors.

Results
Out of the 25 children enrolled, there were 18 boys and seven girls. The mean age and duration of CF were 7.9±4.3 and 3.16±2.5 years, respectively. AGT was observed in 16 (64%) children with CF including three (12%) children with CFRD. Children with a duration of CF of 3 years had significantly higher prevalence (81.8%) of AGT when compared with duration ≤3 years (p-value<0.05). Twelve out of 17 (70.6%) children were colonized with Pseudomonas and 12 out of 15 (80%) children >6 years of age had AGT. There was a positive correlation of 2-h glucose value on OGTT with duration of CF and number of hospitalizations with acute pulmonary exacerbations.

Conclusions
The majority of children having CF for >3 years and/or age >6 years developed AGT. In our clinical setting, an annual screening with OGTT to detect AGT may be required at an early age and duration of CF.
Predicting the NCAA basketball tournament using isotonic least squares pairwise comparison model
Authors: Neudorfer Ayala , Rosset Saharon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEach year, millions of people fill out a bracket to predict the outcome of the popular NCAA men’s college basketball tournament, known asMarch Madness. In this paper we present a new methodology for team ranking and use it to predict the NCAA basketball tournament. We evaluate our model in Kaggle’sMarch Machine Learning Maniacompetition, in which contestants were required to predict the results of all possible games in the tournament. Our model combines two methods: the least squares pairwise comparison model and isotonic regression. We use existing team rankings (such as seeds, Sagarin and Pomeroy ratings) and look for a monotonic, non-linear relationship between the ranks’ differences and the probability to win a game. We use the isotonic property to get new rankings that are consistent with both the observed outcomes of past tournaments and previous knowledge about the order of the teams. In the 2016 and 2017 competitions, submissions based on our methodology consistently placed in the top 5% out of over 800 other submissions. Using simulations, we show that the suggested model is usually better than commonly used linear and logistic models that use the same variables.
Moral Outrage and Betrayal Aversion: The Psychology of Punitive Damages
Authors: Martínez Alles María Guadalupe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPunitive damages have been predominantly studied from a one-sided perspective focusing on the wrongdoer. The role of the tort victim in bringing the punitive lawsuit has often been curtly described either as some sort of private attorney general moved by a desire to deter undesirable behavior (i. e., playing a contingent role) or as an agent exercising her legal power to exact a punitive sanction by virtue of what the defendant did to her and how it was done conceived in terms of just deserts (i. e., playing a necessary role). I argue, conversely, that the victim’s intrinsic response to deliberate wrongdoing involves much more than the mere imposition of punishment: it involves who we are and the meaning we construe from the circumstances of wrongdoing seen as a deliberate threat to our individual autonomy, dignity, physical integrity, or even life. A more meaningful understanding of punitive damages is thus available from considering the rich value-laden lay intuitions that drive people to punish certain behaviors. The mind sciences and in particular the social psychology and social cognition literature on human actors’ motivations for punishment offer valuable insight into moral outrage and betrayal aversion as rich retributive intuitions. Together, these intuitions comprise a significant element that is still missing from the predominant understanding of punitive damages, one we must not overlook.
Going beyond hate speech: The pragmatics of ethnic slur terms
Authors: Technau Björn 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Ethnic slur terms (“nigger”, “kike”, “kraut”) and other group-based slurs (“faggot”, “spaz”) must be differentiated from general pejoratives (“asshole”, “idiot”) and pure expressives (“fuck”). As these terms pejoratively refer to certain groups of people, they are a typical feature of hate speech contexts where they serve xenophobic speakers in expressing their hatred for an entire group of people. However, slur terms are actually far more frequently used in other contexts and are more often exchanged among friends than between enemies. Hate speech can be identified as the most central, albeit not the most frequent, mode of use. I broadly distinguish between hate speech (central use), other pejorative uses (mobbing, insulting), parasitic uses (banter, appropriation, comedy, youth language), neutral mentioning (academics, PC), and unaware uses. In this paper, authentic examples of use and frequency estimates from empirical research will help provide accurate definitions and insight into these different modes that purely theoretical approaches cannot achieve.
Online hate, digital discourse and critique: Exploring digitally-mediated discursive practices of gender-based hostility
Authors: KhosraviNik Majid , Esposito Eleonora 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe communicative affordances of the participatory web have opened up new and multifarious channels for the proliferation of hate. In particular, women navigating the cybersphere seem to be the target of a disproportionate amount of hostility. This paper explores the contexts, approaches and conceptual synergies around research on online misogyny within the new communicative paradigm of social media communication (KhosraviNik 2017a: 582). The paper builds on the core principle that online misogyny is demonstrably and inherently a discourse; therefore, the field is envisaged at the intersection of digital media scholarship, discourse theorization and critical feminist explications. As an ever-burgeoning phenomenon, online hate has been approached from a range of disciplinary perspectives but has only been partially mapped at the interface of meaning making contents/processes and new mediation technologies. The paper aims to advance the state of the art by investigating online hate in general, and misogyny in particular, from the vantage point of Social Media Critical Discourse Studies (SM-CDS); an emerging model of theorization and operationalization of research combining tenets from Critical Discourse Studies with scholarship in digital media and technology research (KhosraviNik 2014, 2017a, 2018). Our SM-CDS approach to online misogyny demarcates itself from insinuation whereby the phenomenon is reduced to digital communicative affordancesper seand argues in favor of a double critical contextualization of research findings at both digital participatory as well as social and cultural levels.
“Go to hell fucking faggots, may you die!” framing the LGBT subject in online comments
Authors: Baider Fabienne 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper reports on a manual monitoring of online representations of LGBT persons in the Republic of Cyprus for the period April 2015–February 2016. The article contextualizes the prevalence of “hate speech” in online Greek Cypriot comments against LGBT individuals, and, more generally, against non-heterosexuals. Adopting a Foucauldian positionvis-à-visthe social and discursive construction of sexuality, we outline, first, the socio-historical context (Fairclough 1989, 2003) with a focus on LGBT rights in the Republic of Cyprus and the nationalistic project construing sexualities. We then examine the different levels of discursive discrimination practices, providing a snapshot of the types of “hate speech” referring to this topic typically found in such an environment. The focus is on identification of theframesused to construct LGBT identities, and their perception.We use in our title the wordsubjectas defined by post-modernists and by Butler in particular (2009 : iii): subject refers to “a socially produced ‘agent’ and ‘deliberator’ whose agency and thought is made possible by a language that precedes that ‘I’. In this sense the ‘I’ is produced through power (….)”. This paper focuses on the socially produced definition of the LGBT community in the context under study.We thus address the way in which sexuality is constructed within a compulsory and hegemonic heterosexuality and heteronormativity. We analyze our data i.e. comments focused on the LGBT community, with corpus linguistic tools (Baker et al. 2008; Brindle 2016) as well as through a qualitative examination of the identified frames. Our analysis confirms an interface between nationalism and compulsory hegemonic heteronormativity in the Republic as well as the influence of the Orthodox Church and its beliefs (Kamenou 2011a, 2011b, 2016).
In search of hate speech in Lithuanian public discourse: A corpus-assisted analysis of online comments
Authors: Ruzaite Jurate 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The present paper aims to report on the preliminary findings from the initial stages of ongoing research on hate speech in Lithuanian online comments. Comments are marked strongly by such phenomena as flaming and trolling; therefore, in this genre we can expect a high degree of hostility, obscenity, high incidence of insults and aggressive lexis, which can inflict harm to individuals or organizations. The goal of the current research is thus to make an attempt to identify some features of verbal aggression in Lithuanian by applying the principles and instruments of corpus linguistics, which proved to be a useful approach when dealing with such issues as trolling. It is expected that further analysis of those features will help to identify and define formal linguistic criteria that could facilitate identification of hate speech in public discourse. The data has been obtained from the Lithuanian corpus of user-generated comments collected from one major Lithuanian portal, www.delfi.lt. The corpus consists of all the comments posted in the year 2014 and in total includes 17,909 comments, which make up 1,160,109 words. For the initial data analysis, linguistic aspects, such as wordlists, collocations, and formulaic language, were analysed by using the AntConc software. The interpretations of the results are still very tentative, but what the initial findings show is that overt aggression does not feature among the most frequent and most salient features of comments. Aggression is, in our data, indirectly expressed through creative language use, which can mainly be studied through qualitative analysis.
The “legitimation” of hostility towards immigrants’ languages in press and social media: Main fallacies and how to challenge them
Authors: Musolff Andreas 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
On the basis of internet forum and press media data, this article studies the expression of hostile attitudes towards multilingualism and multiculturalism in the context of debates about immigration. The forum data are drawn from the BBC’s Have Your Say website, which is a moderated forum that excludes polemical and abusive postings. Nevertheless, it still seems to provide its users ample opportunity for airing strongly anti-immigrant attitudes. The narratives in which these attitudes are being expressed are exemplary stories of the posters’ supposed encounters with the use of foreign languages in the street, in the workplace or at school. This presence of foreign languages in the British public sphere is evaluated as being (at least) problematic and is “explained” as a result of mass immigration, which serves to reinforce the scenario of a culture mix that will destroy British “home” culture. Media coverage of immigration partly supports such vilification of multilingualism and multiculturalism, and the reports and comments often seem to be drawn from similar narrative-argumentative templates as those of the discussions on Have Your Say. In conclusion, we argue that counterspeech informed by Critical Discourse Analysis has to develop alternative narratives and figurative scenarios that question the bias against linguistic and cultural diversity.
“Rivers of blood”: Migration, fear and threat construction
Authors: Kopytowska Monika , Chilton Paul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe article focuses on Enoch Powell’s “Rivers of Blood” speech and its recontextualisation 50 years later in view of the rising anti-immigration sentiment and Brexit campaign. Having discussed the dynamics of the threat construction process and its role in shaping public attitudes to migration and policies related to it across time and space, we proceed to analyse Powell’s speech in terms of lexical, grammatical, and discursive fear-inciting devices and strategies. While doing so we draw on the insights from neuroscientific research on the role of lexis in fear stimulation and functional-cognitive models of grammatical structure. The second part of our analysis is meant to demonstrate how the semiotic potential of cyberspace and social media, along with multimodal integration of various forms, intertextuality, and interdiscursivity they enable, endow fear-inciting discourse with new spatiotemporal and affective qualities. To this end we examine one of the most popular YouTube videos making “Rivers of Blood” speech part of its anti-immigration stance.