bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics associated with peripartum maternal bloodstream infection
Authors: Gao Xiao-Li , Li Yang , Hou Su-Juan , Fan Wen-Jun , Fang Ling-Yi , Ni Shi-Jun , Yan Ye , Li Jie , Han Cha 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveBloodstream infection (BSI) during the peripartum period is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. However, data on maternal BSI during hospitalization for delivery are limited. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, microbiological features, and antibiotic resistance patterns of maternal peripartum BSI, with a focus on understanding the role of premature rupture of membranes (PROM), fever, and other risk factors in its development.MethodsWe investigated the clinical characteristics associated with maternal BSI during the peripartum period. This study included febrile women with blood cultures obtained during hospitalization for delivery. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, pathogenic microorganisms, antibiotic resistance, and maternal and neonatal outcomes of these patients. Participants were divided into BSI (n = 85) and non-BSI (n = 361) groups.ResultsSpontaneous rupture of membranes, PROM, PROM &gt;24 h before labor, vaginal examinations &gt;5 times, and cesarean sections during labor were more common in the BSI group. Escherichia coli (51.8%; 44/85) was the predominant causative pathogen, followed by Enterococcus faecalis (7.1%, 6/85). Approximately 31.2% of E. coli were resistant to levofloxacin, and 38.6% were extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria. The BSI group had higher rates of maternal sepsis and Apgar scores ≤ 7 at 1 min than the non-BSI group. Furthermore, PROM, fever ≥38.9°C (102°F), and fever within 24 h after delivery were risk factors for postpartum BSI in the adjusted analysis.ConclusionMaternal BSI is a potentially life-threatening disease associated with PROM and the timing and severity of fever. Early identification and surveillance of pathogen composition and antimicrobial resistance can help prevent adverse outcomes.
Lingguizhugan decoction alleviates obesity in rats on a high-fat diet through the regulation of lipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota
Authors: Huang Wenjing , Wang Jiuyuan , Xiao Zixuan , Lin Jiayi , Tan Zhoujin , Sun Guixiang 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundIndividuals with obesity often experience elevated blood lipid levels, leading to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, exacerbating liver oxidative stress, and increasing the risk of various metabolic diseases. Recent evidence suggests that intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play crucial roles in the development and progression of obesity. While the mechanisms by which Lingguizhugan decoction (LGZGD) intervenes in obesity by improving lipid metabolism, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and reducing inflammatory responses are well-documented, its potential in intestinal microbiota and SCFAs remains unclear. This study aims to explore the impact of LGZGD on high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in rats and its regulatory effects on intestinal microbiota and SCFAs, providing new insights for obesity prevention and treatment.MethodsFifty-one male SD rats were randomly divided into groups, with six in the normal control group (NC) receiving a ddH2O treatment and a standard diet. The remaining 45 rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) using D12451 feed. After 10 weeks, the rats on the HFD gained 20% more weight than the NC group, confirming the successful modeling of obesity. These rats were then randomly divided into the following groups: ddH2O high-fat diet model group (MC), 20 mg/kg/day Orlistat positive control group (Orlistat), 1.62 g/kg/day low-dose LGZGD group (LGZGL), and 3.24 g/kg/day high-dose LGZGD group (LGZGH) for 8 weeks. We evaluated changes in body weight, serum total cholesterol (TC), total triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels. Fat and liver tissues were collected for pathological analysis. Intestinal contents were aseptically collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to assess gut microbiota and SCFA levels.ResultsLGZGD reduces body weight, TC, TG, LDL, and HDL levels, significantly reducing hepatic steatosis. Besides, it restored the richness and diversity of gut microbiota, which was reduced by HFD, altering the overall structure. Specifically, LGZGD significantly promoted the growth of Muribaculaceae and Dubosiella while inhibiting the growth of Christensenellaceae_R_7_group and UCG_005. It also restricts the production of caproic acid. Correlation analysis indicated positive correlations: Muribaculaceae with Butyric acid and Isovaleric acid; UCG_005 with TC, LDL, and HDL; and Christensenellaceae_R_7_group with TC and LDL.ConclusionLGZGD increased the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota in HFD-induced obese rats, improved gut microbiota dysbiosis, and inhibited the increase in caproic acid content. These results suggest that LGZGD can mitigate HFD-induced obesity, and its active components warrant further investigation.
Specific structural changes in Parkinson’s disease-related olfactory dysfunction compared to others forms of olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Brosse Sarah , Tremblay Cécilia , Mérida Inés , Frasnelli Johannes 
Published: November 2024

ContextOlfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common early symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, OD is not specific to PD, as approximatively 20% of the general population exhibit different forms of OD. To use olfactory measures for early Parkinson screening, it is crucial to distinguish PD-related OD from Non-Parkinsonian OD (NPOD).Objectives and hypothesisThis study aimed to compare the structural changes associated with PD-related OD (n = 15) with NPOD (n = 15), focusing on gray matter volumes and white matter fiber integrity in chemosensory regions. We hypothesized that PD-related OD presents specific structural alterations in these regions.MethodsParticipants underwent a 3 T MRI scan, which included anatomical T1 and diffusion-weighted imaging. Gray and white matter integrity were assessed using both whole-brain analyses (voxel-based morphometry—VBM and tract-based spatial statistics—TBSS, respectively) and localized approaches, including regions of interest and tractography.ResultsPD patients exhibited significantly higher gray matter volume in the left insula using restricted regions-of-interest analyses, while no other significant gray or white matter differences were found between groups.ConclusionStructural imaging of the gray matter, particularly the insula, but not of white matter, differentiates PD-related OD from NPOD.
Assessing global and regional public interest in home dialysis modalities from 2004 to 2024
Authors: Thongprayoon Charat , Wathanavasin Wannasit , Suppadungsuk Supawadee , Davis Paul W. , Miao Jing , Mao Michael A. , Craici Iasmina M. , Qureshi Fawad , Cheungpasitporn Wisit 
Published: November 2024

Background and objectivesHome dialysis (peritoneal dialysis and home hemodialysis) is an important renal replacement therapy modality option for patients with end-stage kidney disease. As the Internet has become a primary source for healthcare information, this study aimed to analyze the global and regional interests in home dialysis using Google Trends™ data from January 2004 to March 2024.Design, setting, participants, and measurementsA comprehensive analysis was conducted using Google Trends™ with the search terms “Peritoneal Dialysis” and “Home Hemodialysis.” This study extracted worldwide trends and detailed regional interests within the United States. Interest levels were quantitatively assessed based on Google Trends™ indices, providing insights into temporal patterns and geographical distributions of public interest.ResultsThe study found a fluctuating pattern of global interest in Peritoneal Dialysis, with peak interest in March 2022 and lowest interest in December 2008. The most recent data from March 2024 showed significant interest level of 94, indicating a new upward trend. Mexico exhibited the highest relative interest in Peritoneal Dialysis. Within the United States, Tennessee demonstrated the highest interest. For Home Hemodialysis, the peak interest was in July 2004. The most recent data from March 2024 showed a modest increase in interest. The United States led in highest relative interest for Home Hemodialysis, followed by Australia, Canada, and the United Arab Emirates. Within the United States, Mississippi demonstrated the highest interest.ConclusionsThis study offers crucial insights into the global and regional landscape of interest in home dialysis modalities over time, highlighting the significance of leveraging online platforms to increase public awareness, education, and engagement home dialysis modalities. By understanding the temporal and geographical patterns of interest, healthcare providers, policymakers, and patient advocacy groups can develop targeted strategies to better promote the benefits of home dialysis, address knowledge gaps, and improve access to these life-sustaining treatments.
Evaluating the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the performance-oriented mobility assessment among patients with chronic stroke
Authors: Zhong Ming , Jing Yongnan , Zhao Xiaofeng , Gao Ying , Jiang Yanju , Liu Yihao , Du Chunping 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) is a reliable instrument for evaluating the mobility (balance and gait) of patients with chronic stroke to manage their risk of falling; however, it has not been validated among Chinese patients with stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese POMA in patients with stroke.MethodsThe POMA was applied to volunteer patients with stroke from the Shanghai MCC Hospital. The patients underwent the Chinese POMA, Berg balance scale (BBS), and timed up and go (TUG) tests on the first day of inpatient treatment. The same physician repeated the tests the next day to assess test–retest reliability, and upon the patient’s discharge from the inpatient department, two different physicians measured inter-rater reliability.ResultsThe study involved 76 patients with stroke (age: 62.04 ± 9.76 years; 34.2% female). The results showed that the Chinese POMA had good overall internal consistency (σ=. 875), with a moderate consistency between its two subscales (balance σ = 0.875; gait σ = 0.668). The individual items showed high test–retest (ICC = 0.997) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.988). The content validity test showed high correlations between the Chinese POMA, the BBS (rs = 0.70), and the TUG (rs = −0.75). However, the confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the two-factor model (balance and gait) was mediocre.ConclusionThe Chinese POMA showed acceptable reliability and validity for evaluating mobility (balance and gait) in Chinese patients with stroke in terms of their risk of falling. However, further evaluation of the two-factor model (balance and gait) is required.
Social network structure modulates neural activities underlying group norm processing: evidence from event-related potentials
Authors: Han Mengfei , Han Ruoxuan , Liu Xin , Xie Duo , Lin Rong , Hao Yaokun , Ge Hanxiao , Hu Yiwen , Zhu Yuyang , Yang Liu 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionSocial ties play a crucial role in determining the health and wellbeing of individuals. However, it remains unclear whether the capacity to process social information distinguishes well-connected individuals from their less-connected peers. This study explored how an individual’s social network structure influences the dynamic processing of group norms, utilizing event-related potentials (ERPs).MethodsThe study involved 43 university students from the same class who participated in a social network study measuring metrics such as real-life social network size, in-degree, out-degree, and betweenness centrality. Subsequently, 27 students participated in an EEG study assessing their willingness to engage in various exercises after being exposed to peer feedback or in its absence.ResultsThe results indicate that an individual’s social network structure is significantly associated with the dynamic processing of group norms. Notably, well-connected individuals exhibited larger ERP amplitudes linked to feedback (e.g., N200, P300, and LPP), greater functional segregation within the brain network (e.g., local efficiency and clustering coefficient), and enhanced synchronization within frontal area and across different brain areas.DiscussionThese findings highlight that well-connected individuals possess enhanced sensitivity and efficiency in processing social information, pointing to potential areas for further research on the factors influencing social network evolution.
Case report: The effect of induction targeted therapies in stage III driver mutants non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kian Waleed , Krayim Belal , Giles Betsy , Elkiaan Nasim A. , Idris Amjad , Fink Daniel , Peled Nir , Roisman Laila C. 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundOver the past decade, progress in the diagnosis and treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) has led to the identification of many targeted mutations. This has enhanced PFS and OS in both advanced and early-stage NSCLC. The current standard of care for stage III NSCLC varies, and it may combine chemotherapy with either immunotherapy or radiotherapy. This study evaluated the role of induction targeted therapies in patients with driver mutations and inoperable NSCLC.MethodsThis is a single-center, retrospective study assessing the efficacy of targeted therapy in resectable stage III NSCLC patients who are EGFR or ALK-positive, using patient records, PET-CT, brain MRI staging, and mediastinal lymph node evaluation.ResultsBetween January 2020 and February 2024, we identified four patients with either EML4-ALK fusions (2/4) or EGFR mutations (2/4) who underwent treatment with brigatinib or osimertinib before surgery. All patients experienced clinical benefits. Of the two patients with ALK fusion, one responded almost completely, while the other exhibited a notable partial response. Among the patients with EGFR mutations, one had a complete response and the other displayed a significant partial response. All four patients subsequently underwent lobectomy surgical resection.ConclusionsThis case series highlights the potential of targeted therapies for resectable NSCLC in the neoadjuvant setting. Further research is required to confirm their benefits, assess their safety and efficacy, and determine optimal timing and sequencing.
In-depth analysis of lupeol: delving into the diverse pharmacological profile
Authors: Dalimunthe Aminah , Carensia Gunawan Mega , Dhiya Utari Zahirah , Dinata Muhammad Riza , Halim Princella , Estherina S. Pakpahan Nathasya , Sitohang Alex Insandus , Sukarno M. Andriansyah , Yuandani  , Harahap Yahdiana , Setyowati Erna Prawita , Park Moon Nyeo , Yusoff Syaratul Dalina , Zainalabidin Satirah , Prananda Arya Tjipta , Mahadi Mohd Kaisan , Kim Bonglee , Harahap Urip , Syahputra Rony Abdi 
Published: November 2024

Lupeol, a naturally occurring lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid, is widely distributed in various edible vegetables, fruits, and medicinal plants. Notably, it is found in high concentrations in plants like Tamarindus indica, Allanblackia monticola, and Emblica officinalis, among others. Quantitative studies have highlighted its presence in Elm bark, Olive fruit, Aloe leaf, Ginseng oil, Mango pulp, and Japanese Pear bark. This compound is synthesized from squalene through the mevalonate pathway and can also be synthetically produced in the lab, addressing challenges in natural product synthesis. Over the past four decades, extensive research has demonstrated lupeol’s multifaceted pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial effects. Despite its significant therapeutic potential, clinical applications of lupeol have been limited by its poor water solubility and bioavailability. Recent advancements have focused on nano-based delivery systems to enhance its bioavailability, and the development of various lupeol derivatives has further amplified its bioactivity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in understanding the pharmacological benefits of lupeol. It also discusses innovative strategies to improve its bioavailability, thereby enhancing its clinical efficacy. The aim is to consolidate current knowledge and stimulate further research into the therapeutic potential of lupeol and its derivatives.
Inhibition of Sat1 alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through regulation of ferroptosis via MAPK/ERK pathway
Authors: Liu Zhou , Chen Hongjin , Song Yingnan , Chen Kaiyuan , Pan Sisi , Yang Siyuan , Lu Deqin 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionMyocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a prevalent complication in patients with myocardial infarction. The pathological mechanism of MIRI remains elusive. Ferroptosis plays a critical role in MIRI. This study aimed to investigate the role of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (Sat1) in MIRI by regulation of ferroptosis.MethodsRats and H9C2 cells were used to perform MIRI model. The extent of myocardial damage and associated pathological changes were evaluated. Protein expression was detected by western blot. Then we observed the mitochondrial morphology and measured cell viability and damage. The levels of lipid peroxide and glutathione were measured, and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MIRI were analyzed. Moreover, to explore the role of Sat1 in MIRI, this study utilized adeno-associated virus 9 and lentiviral transduction to modulate Sat1 expression in rats and H9C2 cells, respectively. The transcription factor that regulates Sat1 expression was predicated. Luciferase reporter gene experiment was conducted to reveal the potential sites of Sox2 binding to Sat1.ResultsThis study revealed that ferroptosis was involved in MIRI. Through bioinformatic analysis, Sat1 was identified as a significant gene in MIRI, which has been reported as an inducer of ferroptosis. Our results showed that Sat1 expression was significantly increased in MIRI. Next, the study showed that inhibition of Sat1 alleviated MIRI by suppressing ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro, and over-expression of Sat1 promoted MIRI via activation of ferroptosis. Furthermore, Sat1 and its interacting genes were enriched in several signaling pathways, including ferroptosis and the MAPK signaling pathway. The results showed that Sat1 regulated MIRI through ferroptosis via MAPK/ERK pathway. Moreover, it is found that Sox2 can suppress Sat1 expression at the transcriptional level. The potential binding site was TAACAAAGGAA.ConclusionIn sum, this study demonstrated Sat1 expression was increased in MIRI, inhibition of Sat1 can alleviate MIRI by regulating ferroptosis via MAPK/ERK pathway, and Sat1 was negatively regulated by Sox2. These findings suggested that Sat1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of MIRI.
Evaluation of cerebral perfusion heterogeneity by the electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Zhu Mingxu , Wang Yu , Li Junyao , Wang Weice , Gao Guobin , Ji Zhenyu , Liu Benyuan , Wang Lei , Li Weichen , Shi Xuetao 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of global inhomogeneity index (GI) and left-right asymmetry index (AI) based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to be used in assessing cerebral perfusion heterogeneity. The diagnostic value of these two indices in identifying abnormalities in the degree of cerebral perfusion heterogeneity was also explored.MethodsIn this study, Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was used as a control, and unilateral carotid artery was compressed to change the degree of heterogeneity of cerebral perfusion in 15 healthy volunteers. The control group consisted of an additional 15 volunteers without any intervention. EIT perfusion images were obtained by calculating the impedance difference between at the beginning and end of cerebral vasodilation. Subsequently, GI and AI were calculated based on the pixel values of intracranial regions.ResultsThe GI and AI values in the non-carotid artery compression (NCAC) group were significantly lower than those in the unilateral carotid artery compression (UCAC) group (P &lt; 0.001), whereas there was no significant difference between the left carotid artery compression (LCAC) and right carotid artery compression (RCAC) groups. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC), specificity and sensitivity of GI in distinguishing between NCAC and UCAC were 0.94, 0.90 and 0.87, respectively. The AUC, specificity and sensitivity of AI in distinguishing between NCAC and UCAC were 0.86, 0.87 and 0.73, respectively.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that the GI and AI effectively quantify the distribution of intracranial perfusion, demonstrating excellent validity and interindividual comparability, and the ability to detect abnormal cerebral perfusion heterogeneity.
Association between nutritional status, injury severity, and physiological responses in trauma patients
Authors: Niu Linguo , Zhang Yongning , Dai Weihong , Wang Rixing 
Published: November 2024

PurposeTo evaluate the predictive value of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and Injury Severity Score (ISS) in assessing physiological abnormalities and outcomes in trauma patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 354 trauma patients. Physiological parameters were assessed, including cardiovascular function, inflammatory response, liver and kidney function, and nutritional status. The CONUT score and ISS were calculated for each patient. Binary logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of trauma severity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated the predictive accuracy of the CONUT and ISS scores for adverse outcomes.ResultsSeverely injured patients exhibited more significant abnormalities in cardiovascular function, inflammatory response, liver and kidney function, and nutritional status compared to those with minor injuries. These patients had significantly higher CONUT scores. Logistic regression analysis identified white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and CONUT score as independent predictors of trauma severity. ROC analysis showed that both CONUT and ISS scores effectively predicted adverse outcomes, with ISS demonstrating better specificity.ConclusionThe CONUT and ISS scores are effective tools for predicting physiological abnormalities and adverse outcomes in trauma patients. Incorporating these scores into clinical practice may enhance prognostic assessments and improve management strategies for trauma patients.