bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression analysis of apolipoproteins AI & AIV in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bharali Dipu , Banerjee Basu Dev , Bharadwaj Mausumi , Husain Syed Akhtar , Kar Premashis 
Published: July 2018

Background & objectives:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. The objective of this study was to find out the differential expression of apolipoproteins (ApoAI and ApoAIV) in HCC and cases of liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis (controls) without HCC and to compare ApoAI and ApoAIV expression with alpha-foetoprotein (AFP), the conventional marker in HCC.

Methods:
Fifty patients with HCC and 50 controls comprising patients with liver cirrhosis (n=25) and chronic hepatitis (n=25) without HCC were included in this study. Total proteins were precipitated using acetone precipitation method followed by albumin and IgG depletion of precipitated protein using depletion kit. Proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The expression changes of ApoAI and ApoAIV were confirmed by western blotting using specific primary and secondary polyclonal antibodies followed by densitometric protein semi-quantitative estimation. ApoAI, ApoAIV and AFP were measured in the plasma samples by ELISA method.

Results:
Semi-quantitative densitometric image analysis of the western blot images and the comparison between HCC patients with those without HCC (control) revealed differential expression of ApoAI and ApoAIV. Levels of ApoAI were significantly higher in patients with HCC compared to controls without HCC (0.279±0.216 vs 0.171±0.091 and 0.199±0.014; P <0.001). Levels of ApoAIV were significantly lower in patients of HCC compared to controls without HCC (0.119±0.061 vs 0.208±0.07 and 0.171±0.16; P <0.01). ELISA assays of apolipoproteins (ApoAI and ApoAIV) revealed similar results of expression of ApoAI and ApoAIV as detected in western blotting densitometric image analysis.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Increased expression of ApoAI and decreased expression of ApoAIV in HCC patients compared to controls without HCC revealed the abnormalities in HCC. These molecules need to be studied further for their use as potential biomarkers in the future diagnostic tools along with other conventional biomarkers for screening of HCC cases. It needs further analysis in higher number of patient population.
Development of a screening instrument for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Arun Priti , Chavan Bir Singh 
Published: July 2018

Background & objectives:
There is a paucity of trained professionals for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and a large number of cases go undetected and are diagnosed only during adolescence. There is no screening instrument specifically developed for screening of Indian population for ASD. This study was undertaken to develop a screening instrument to screen ASD in north Indian Hindi speaking population by multipurpose health workers.

Methods:
A 37-item instrument in Hindi with dichotomous yes/no responses [Chandigarh Autism Screening Instrument (CASI)] was developed to be applied on children aged 1.5-10 yr. The instrument was pilot tested and then reliability and validity of this instrument were tested. The sample included children with intellectual disability (n=75), ASD (n=83), other developmental disorders (n=87) and typically developing children (n=160).

Results:
Reliability, construct and content validity testing of the instrument were performed, and a score of 10 as cut-off had sensitivity of 89.16 per cent, specificity of 89.13 per cent, positive predictive value of 67.89 per cent and negative predictive value of 96.96 per cent. A shorter four-item version (CASI Bref) has also been developed with good sensitivity (73.49%) and specificity (90.68%) at a cut-off score of 2.

Interpretation & conclusions:
CASI was found to be a valid instrument for screening general Hindi speaking population of north India with adequate sensitivity and specificity.
Detection of parvovirus B19 in selected high-risk patient groups & their phylogenetic & selection analysis
Authors: Vadivel Kumaran , Mageshbabu Ramamurthy , Sankar Sathish , Jain Amita , Perumal Vivekanandan , Srikanth Padma , Ranjan Ghosh Asit , Nair Aravindan , Simoes Eric A.F. , Nandagopal Balaji , Sridharan Gopalan 
Published: July 2018

Background & objectives:
Human parvovirus B19V (B19V) is known to be associated with erythema infectiosum commonly in children, aplastic crisis, especially in persons with underlying haemolytic disorders, hydrops fetalis in pregnancies and arthritis. This cross-sectional study was aimed to determine the presence of B19V infection in childhood febrile illnesses, association of B19V with arthropathies and in adult patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis. The genetic diversity among the sequences was also analysed.

Methods:
A nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay was used for B19V DNA targeting VP1/VP2 region and used for testing 618 patients and 100 healthy controls. Phylogenetic analysis on nucleotide and amino acid sequences was carried out to compare our sequences with other Indian strains and global strains.

Results:
Among 618 samples tested, seven (1.13%) were found positive. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the seven sequences belonged to genotype 1 and showed low genetic diversity. The clustering pattern of seven sequences was similar both by nucleotide and by predicted amino acid sequences. The fixed effects likelihood analysis showed no positive or negatively selected sites.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Seven samples (4 from non-traumatic arthropathies, 2 from patients with ESRD and 1 from febrile illness patient) were found positive by nPCR. When our seven sequences were compared with global strains, the closest neighbour was other Indian strains followed by the Tunisian strains.
Estimation of rate coefficients and branching ratios for gas-phase reactions of OH with aliphatic organic compounds for use in automated mechanism construction
Authors: Jenkin Michael E. , Valorso Richard , Aumont Bernard , Rickard Andrew R. , Wallington Timothy J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Reaction with the hydroxyl (OH) radical is the dominant removal process for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. Rate coefficients for reactions of OH with VOCs are therefore essential parameters for chemical mechanisms used in chemistry transport models, and are required more generally for impact assessments involving the estimation of atmospheric lifetimes or oxidation rates for VOCs. Updated and extended structure–activity relationship (SAR) methods are presented for the reactions of OH with aliphatic organic compounds, with the reactions of aromatic organic compounds considered in a companion paper. The methods are optimized using a preferred set of data including reactions of OH with 489 aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated organic compounds. In each case, the rate coefficient is defined in terms of a summation of partial rate coefficients for H abstraction or OH addition at each relevant site in the given organic compound, so that the attack distribution is defined. The information can therefore guide the representation of the OH reactions in the next generation of explicit detailed chemical mechanisms. Rules governing the representation of the subsequent reactions of the product radicals under tropospheric conditions are also summarized, specifically their reactions with O2 and competing processes.
Future changes in surface ozone over the Mediterranean Basin in the framework of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx)
Authors: Jaidan Nizar , El Amraoui Laaziz , Attié Jean-Luc , Ricaud Philippe , Dulac François 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In the framework of the
Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx;
http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr, last access: 22 June 2018) project, we study the evolution of surface ozone over the Mediterranean Basin
(MB) with a focus on summertime over the time period 2000–2100, using the
Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP)
outputs from 13 models. We consider three different periods (2000, 2030 and
2100) and the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5,
RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) to study the changes in the future ozone and its budget.
We use a statistical approach to compare and discuss the results of the
models. We discuss the behavior of the models that simulate the surface ozone
over the MB. The shape of the annual cycle of surface ozone simulated by
ACCMIP models is similar to the annual cycle of the ozone observations, but
the model values are biased high. For the summer, we found that most of the
models overestimate surface ozone compared to observations over the most
recent period (1990–2010). Compared to the reference period (2000), we found
a net decrease in the ensemble mean surface ozone over the MB in 2030 (2100)
for three RCPs: −14 % (−38 %) for RCP2.6, −9 % (−24 %) for RCP4.5
and −10 % (−29 %) for RCP6.0. The surface ozone decrease over the MB
for these scenarios is much more pronounced than the relative changes of the
global tropospheric ozone burden. This is mainly due to the reduction in
ozone precursors and to the nitrogen oxide (NOx = NO +
NO2)-limited regime over the MB. For RCP8.5, the ensemble mean
surface ozone is almost constant over the MB from 2000 to 2100. We show how
the future climate change and in particular the increase in methane
concentrations can offset the benefits from the reduction in emissions of
ozone precursors over the MB.
GREEN: the new Global Radiation Earth ENvironment model (beta version)
Authors: Sicard Angélica , Boscher Daniel , Bourdarie Sébastien , Lazaro Didier , Standarovski Denis , Ecoffet Robert 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. GREEN (Global Radiation Earth ENvironment) is a new model (in beta version)
providing fluxes at any location between L∗= 1 and L∗= 8, all along the
magnetic field lines, for all local times and for any energy between 1 keV
and 10 MeV for electrons and between 1 keV and 800 MeV for protons. This model is
composed of global models (AE8 and AP8, and SPM for low energies) and local models
(SLOT model, OZONE and IGE-2006 for electrons, and OPAL and IGP for protons). GREEN is not just a collection of various models; it calculates
the electron and proton fluxes from the most relevant existing model for a
given energy and location. Moreover, some existing models can be updated or
corrected in GREEN. For examples, a new version of the SLOT model is
presented here and has been integrated in GREEN. Moreover, a new model of
proton flux in geostationary orbit (IGP) developed a few years ago is also
detailed here and integrated in GREEN. Finally a correction of the AE8 model at
high energy for L∗ < 2.5 has also been implemented. The inputs of
the GREEN model are the coordinates of the points and the date (year, month,
day, UTC) along an orbit, the particle species (electron or proton) and the
energies. Then GREEN provides fluxes all along the given orbit, depending on
the solar cycle and other magnetic parameters such as L∗, Bmirror
and Beq.
An estuarine-tuned quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA-V): assessment and application to satellite estimates of SPM in Galveston Bay following Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Joshi Ishan D. , D'Sa Eurico J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The standard quasi-analytical algorithm (Lee et al., 2002) was tuned as QAA-V
using a suite of synthetic data and in situ measurements to improve its
performance in optically complex and shallow estuarine waters. Two
modifications were applied to the standard QAA: (1) the semi-analytical
relationship for obtaining remote sensing reflectance just below the
water surface as a function of absorption and backscattering coefficients was
updated using Hydrolight® simulations, and
(2) an empirical model of the total non-water absorption coefficient was
proposed using a ratio of green to red bands of an ocean color sensor, which
is known to work well in various inland and estuarine environments. The QAA-V-derived total absorption and backscattering coefficients, which were
evaluated in a variety of waters ranging from highly absorbing and turbid
to relatively clear shelf waters, showed satisfactory performance on
a Hydrolight-simulated synthetic dataset
(R2 > 0.87, MRE < 17 %), an in situ estuarine and nearshore
dataset (R2 > 0.70, MRE < 35 %), and the NOMAD
(R2 > 0.90, MRE < 30 %). When compared to the
standard QAA (QAA-v6), the QAA-V showed an obvious improvement with
∼ 30–40 % reduction in absolute mean relative error for
the Hydrolight-simulated synthetic and in situ
estuarine and nearshore datasets, respectively. The methodology of tuning
QAA was applied to the VIIRS ocean color sensor and validation results
suggest that the proposed methodology can also be applied to other ocean
color and land-observing sensors. The QAA-V was also assessed on VIIRS
imagery using a regional relationship between suspended particulate matter
(SPM) and particulate backscattering coefficient at 532 nm
(bbtnw532; R2 = 0.89, N = 33). As a case study,
the QAA-V processing chain and VIIRS imagery were used to generate a sequence
of SPM maps of Galveston Bay, Texas following the unprecedented flooding of
Houston and the surrounding regions due to Hurricane Harvey in August 2017. The
record discharge of floodwaters through two major rivers into the bay
resulted in very high SPM concentrations over several days throughout the
bay, with wind forcing additionally influencing its distribution into the
coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. The promising results of this
study suggest that the application of QAA-V to various ocean color and
land-observing satellite imagery could be used to assess the bio-optical
state and water quality dynamics in a variety of coastal systems around the
world.
Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly
Authors: Baldini James U. L. , Brown Richard J. , Mawdsley Natasha 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The Younger Dryas is considered the archetypal
millennial-scale climate change event, and identifying its cause is
fundamental for thoroughly understanding climate systematics during
deglaciations. However, the mechanisms responsible for its initiation remain
elusive, and both of the most researched triggers (a meltwater pulse or a
bolide impact) are controversial. Here, we consider the problem from a
different perspective and explore a hypothesis that Younger Dryas climate
shifts were catalysed by the unusually sulfur-rich 12.880 ± 0.040 ka BP
eruption of the Laacher See volcano (Germany).
We use the most recent chronology for the GISP2 ice core ion dataset from the
Greenland ice sheet to identify a large volcanic sulfur spike coincident with
both the Laacher See eruption and the onset of Younger Dryas-related cooling
in Greenland (i.e. the most recent abrupt Greenland millennial-scale cooling
event, the Greenland Stadial 1, GS-1). Previously published lake sediment and
stalagmite records confirm that the eruption's timing was indistinguishable
from the onset of cooling across the North Atlantic but that it preceded
westerly wind repositioning over central Europe by ∼ 200 years. We
suggest that the initial short-lived volcanic sulfate aerosol cooling was
amplified by ocean circulation shifts and/or sea ice expansion, gradually
cooling the North Atlantic region and incrementally shifting the midlatitude
westerlies to the south. The aerosol-related cooling probably only lasted
1–3 years, and the majority of Younger Dryas-related cooling may have been
due to the sea-ice–ocean circulation positive feedback, which was
particularly effective during the intermediate ice volume conditions
characteristic of ∼ 13 ka BP. We conclude that the large and
sulfur-rich Laacher See eruption should be considered a viable trigger for
the Younger Dryas. However, future studies should prioritise climate
modelling of high-latitude volcanism during deglacial boundary conditions in
order to test the hypothesis proposed here.
Moisture transport and Antarctic sea ice: austral spring 2016 event
Authors: Ionita Monica , Scholz Patrick , Grosfeld Klaus , Treffeisen Renate 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In austral spring 2016 the Antarctic region experienced anomalous sea ice retreat in all sectors, with sea ice extent in October and November 2016 being the lowest in the Southern Hemisphere over the observational period (1979–present). The extreme sea ice retreat was accompanied by widespread warming along the coastal areas as well as in the interior of the Antarctic continent. This exceptional event occurred along with a strong negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the moistest and warmest spring on record, over large areas covering the Indian Ocean, the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea. In October 2016, the positive anomalies of the totally integrated water vapor (IWV) and 2 m air temperature (T2m) over the Indian Ocean, western Pacific, Bellingshausen Sea and southern part of Ross Sea were unprecedented in the last 39 years. In October and November 2016, when the largest magnitude of negative daily sea ice concentration anomalies was observed, repeated episodes of poleward advection of warm and moist air took place. These results suggest the importance of moist and warm air intrusions into the Antarctic region as one of the main contributors to this exceptional sea ice retreat event.
Geografia eleitoral e manutenção do poder: a importância das bases eleitorais para a reeleição do executivo estadual
Authors: Maia Jayane 
Published: July 2018

No Brasil a compreensão da dinâmica da reeleição em termos geográficos é importante para o entendimento das estratégias políticas usadas pelos candidatos e do comportamento do eleitorado. O objetivo do estudo é verificar se há estabilidade geográfica da votação dos distritos informais quando ocorre a reeleição do grupo que está no poder e em qual cenário essa estabilidade é mais propensa, considerando quando é o candidato ou o partido que tentam se reeleger ou quando o partido tenta se manter no poder se inserindo em uma coligação partidária. O período de análise dos cenários será pares de eleições: 1998 e 2002, 2002 e 2006 e 2006 e 2010. Os dados amostrais indicam que a possibilidade de sucesso de reeleição e de manutenção da votação nos distritos informais é maior quando o partido lança o candidato que foi vitorioso na eleição anterior, o que reitera a preponderância do voto personalista no Brasil.
Políticas de inclusión: ¿educación obligatoria o derecho a la educación?
Authors: Behares Luis Ernesto 
Published: July 2018

Esse artigo estuda, desde a perspectiva teórica e de análise ideológica, a junção entre as políticas de inclusão, como paliativas da exclusão, e a postulação dos direitos individuais, principalmente no âmbito da educação. Inclui-se um estudo sobre as origens e vaivéns da noção de exclusão/inclusão, em seus vínculos com as ideologias neoliberais e com as interpretações “progressistas” posteriores. A postulação contemporânea de direitos individuais, com suas características e fundos ideológicos, é analisada com atenção especial aos processos de Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Chile, Paraguai e Uruguai. As políticas de inclusão e as de direitos têm linhas paralelas, com junções relativas e não-estruturais, no que diz respeito à formulação política e às instrumentalizações. O vínculo entre elas fica notório na definição da educação com base nos direitos. Em particular, o artigo aprofunda na malha dos conflitos conceptuais e operacionais derivados do encontro das políticas mais tradicionais de obrigatoriedade da educação básica, estatutária na maior parte dos países, com os intentos para definir à educação como um instrumento para assegurar o gozo efetivo dos direitos consagrados a nível internacional, já normal na legislação sobre educação.
Sobre la reforma de la Constitución
Authors: Contreras Casado Manuel , García López, Eloy Eloy , Gavara de Cara Juan Carlos , López Basaguren Alberto , López Pina Antonio 
Published: July 2018

En esta encuesta un grupo de Catedráticos de Derecho Constitucional responden a un conjunto de preguntassobre la reforma constitucional: sobre las normas que rigen la reforma de la Constitución Española de 1978, sobre la prácticade dichas normas, sobre las materias constitucionales que sería necesario reformar, y, en particular, sobre la reforma introducidaen el art. 135 CE en 2011, tanto respecto al procedimiento seguido para la misma, como a su contenido. In this Academic Survey a group of Constitutional Law Professors answer some questions about constitutionalreform, and particularly about the regulation of Constitutional Reform in Spain, the practice of this constitutionalreform, the constitutional matters that should be amended or modified, and, of course, about the last constitutional reform ofart. 135 CE (the content of the reform and also the special reform procedure).
Efficient Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence at 840 nm with “Metal‐Free” Small‐Molecule:Polymer Blends
Authors: Minotto Alessandro , Murto Petri , Genene Zewdneh , Zampetti Andrea , Carnicella Giuseppe , Mammo Wendimagegn , Andersson Mats R. , Wang Ergang , Cacialli Franco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDue to the so‐called energy‐gap law and aggregation quenching, the efficiency of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) emitting above 800 nm is significantly lower than that of visible ones. Successful exploitation of triplet emission in phosphorescent materials containing heavy metals has been reported, with OLEDs achieving remarkable external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 3.8% (peak wavelength > 800 nm). For OLEDs incorporating fluorescent materials free from heavy or toxic metals, however, we are not aware of any report of EQEs over 1% (again for emission peaking at wavelengths > 800 nm), even for devices leveraging thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Here, the development of polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) peaking at 840 nm and exhibiting unprecedented EQEs (in excess of 1.15%) and turn‐on voltages as low as 1.7 V is reported. These incorporate a novel triazolobenzothiadiazole‐based emitter and a novel indacenodithiophene‐based transport polymer matrix, affording excellent spectral and transport properties. To the best of knowledge, such values are the best ever reported for electroluminescence at 840 nm with a purely organic and solution‐processed active layer, not leveraging triplet‐assisted emission.
Synthesis and Reactivity of o‐Enoyl Arylisocyanides: Access to Phenanthridine‐8‐Carboxylate Derivatives
Authors: Cai Jinxiong , Hu Zhongyan , Li Yifei , Liu Jun , Xu Xianxiu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVarious o‐enoyl arylisocyanides were prepared from readily available reactants and found to undergo a double annulation with glutaconate to provide straightforward access to phenanthridine‐8‐carboxylates and hydrophenanthridine‐8‐carboxylates under mild aerobic conditions. In this domino transformation, two rings and three bonds were successively created. A mechanism involving tandem [3+3]‐annulation/intramolecular cyclization/ demethoxycarbonylation/aerobic oxidative aromatization sequence was proposed.magnified image