bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students Cheat More: Comparing the Dishonesty of a Student Sample and a Representative Sample in the Laboratory*
Authors: Fosgaard Toke Reinholt 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUnethical behavior has been found in numerous experiments, yet mainly among university students. The use of student participants is potentially problematic for generalizability and the resulting policy recommendations. In this paper, I report on an experiment with potential dishonesty. The experiment was completed by a representative non‐student sample and a student sample. The results show that cheating does exist, but also that students cheat systematically more. This suggests that focusing on students as participants tends to overestimate the magnitude of cheating. I further find that age is an important explanation for this difference in dishonesty. The older the participants are, the less they cheat.
Early‐Life Circumstances Predict Measures of Trust among Adults: Evidence from Hunger Episodes in Post‐War Germany
Authors: Kesternich Iris , Smith James P. , Winter Joachim K. , Hörl Maximiliane 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCan a major shock in childhood permanently shape trust? We consider a hunger episode in Germany after World War II, and we construct a measure of hunger exposure from official data on caloric rations set monthly by the occupying forces, providing regional and temporal variations. We correlate hunger exposure with measures of trust using data from a nationally representative sample of the German population. We show that individuals exposed to low caloric rations in childhood have significantly lower levels of trust as adults. This finding highlights that early‐life experiences can have long‐term effects in domains other than health, where such effects are well documented.
Real‐time inverse distance weighting interpolation for streaming sensor data
Authors: Liang Qinghan , Nittel Silvia , Whittier John C. , de Bruin Sytze 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith advances in technology and an increasing variety of inexpensive geosensors, environmental monitoring has become increasingly sensor dense and real time. Using sensor data streams enables real‐time applications such as environmental hazard detection, or earthquake, wildfire, or radiation monitoring. In‐depth analysis of such spatial fields is often based on a continuous representation. With very large numbers of concurrent observation streams, novel algorithms are necessary that integrate streams into rasters, or other continuous representations, continuously in real time. In this article, we present an approach leveraging data stream engines (DSEs) to achieve scalable, high‐throughput inverse distance weighting (IDW). In detail, we designed and implemented a novel stream query operator framework that extends general‐purpose DSEs. The proposed framework includes a two‐panel, spatio‐temporal grid‐based index and several algorithms, namely the Shell and k‐Shell algorithms, to estimate individual grid cells efficiently and adaptively for different sampling scenarios. For our performance experiments, we generated several different spatio‐temporal stream data sets based on the radiation deposits in the Fukushima region after the nuclear accident of 2011 in Japan. Our results showed that the k‐Shell algorithm of the proposed framework produces a raster based on 250k observation streams in under 0.5 s using a state‐of‐the‐art workstation.
Dynamic regulation of PIF5 by COP1–SPA complex to optimize photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Pham Vinh Ngoc , Kathare Praveen Kumar , Huq Enamul 
Published: August 2018

SummaryLight signal provides the spatial and temporal information for plants to adapt to the prevailing environmental conditions. Alterations in light quality and quantity can trigger robust changes in global gene expression. In Arabidopsis thaliana, two groups of key factors regulating those changes in gene expression are CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS/DEETIOLATED/FUSCA (COP/DET/FUS) and a subset of basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factors called PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs). Recently, rapid progress has been made in characterizing the E3 ubiquitin ligases for the light‐induced degradation of PIF1, PIF3 and PIF4; however, the E3 ligase(s) for PIF5 remains unknown. Here, we show that the CUL4COP1–SPA complex is necessary for the red light‐induced degradation of PIF5. Furthermore, COP1 and SPA proteins stabilize PIF5 in the dark, but promote the ubiquitination and degradation of PIF5 in response to red light through the 26S proteasome pathway. Genetic analysis illustrates that overexpression of PIF5 can partially suppress both cop1‐4 and spaQ seedling de‐etiolation phenotypes under dark and red‐light conditions. In addition, the PIF5 protein level cycles under both diurnal and constant light conditions, which is also defective in the cop1‐4 and spaQ backgrounds. Both cop1‐4 and spaQ show defects in diurnal growth pattern. Overexpression of PIF5 partially restores growth defects in cop1‐4 and spaQ under diurnal conditions, suggesting that the COP1–SPA complex plays an essential role in photoperiodic hypocotyl growth, partly through regulating the PIF5 level. Taken together, our data illustrate how the CUL4COP1–SPA E3 ligase dynamically controls the PIF5 level to regulate plant development.
Investigation of a community cluster of cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum infection, an emerging zoonotic pathogen in aquaculture industry, Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District Health Unit, Ontario, Canada, July–August 2015
Authors: Sunil Vidya , Harris Andrew W. , Sine Bob , Holt Anne Marie , Noseworthy A. Lynn , Sider Doug , Jamieson Frances B , White Shelley , Johnston Cassandra , Spohn Olivia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn July 2015, a cluster of five suspect cases of clinically diagnosed Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) skin infections were reported to the Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District Health Unit (HKPRDHU), Ontario, Canada, with two additional cases subsequently identified through case finding. All seven cases presented with cutaneous lesions located on the finger, hand and/or elbow regions typical of M. marinum infection. Specimens were collected by skin biopsy for two of the seven cases; both cases tested positive for M. marinum by molecular detection (hsp65 gene amplification and sequencing), and one was confirmed positive for M. marinum by culture. All seven cases reported handling raw shrimp from an aquaculture facility in the Health Unit's jurisdiction. M. marinum is not a reportable disease in Ontario, and there are no known previous reports of a cluster of M. marinum reported in Ontario, Canada. A cluster investigation working group was struck that included representation from various agencies including Public Health Ontario (PHO), Public Health Ontario Laboratories (PHOL), Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) and the two health units involved in case investigations. Several public health and aquaculture farming recommendations were made to mitigate further risks associated with handling of raw shrimp from the facility. Several challenges were faced during the investigation process. The paper discusses these challenges and public health recommendations made in order to mitigate occupational and public health risks related to the hazard identified.
A High-Throughput
Candida albicans
Two-Hybrid System
Authors: Schoeters Floris , Munro Carol A. , d’Enfert Christophe , Van Dijck Patrick 
Published: August 2018

Candida albicans
is a major fungal pathogen, and due to the rise of fungal infections and emerging resistance to the limited antifungals available, it is important to develop novel and more specific antifungals. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) can be applied as very specific drug targets. However, because of the aberrant codon usage of
C. albicans
, the traditional yeast two-hybrid system in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
is difficult to use, and only a limited number of PPIs have been described in
C. albicans
. To overcome this, a
C. albicans
two-hybrid (C2H) system was developed in 2010. The current work describes, for the first time, the application of the C2H system in a high-throughput setup. We hereby show the usefulness of the C2H system to investigate and detect PPIs in
C. albicans
, making it possible to further elucidate protein networks in
C. albicans
, which has the potential to lead to the development of novel antifungals which specifically disrupt PPIs important for virulence.
Reducing healthcare conflict: outcomes from using the conflict management framework
Authors: Forbat Liz , Barclay Sarah 
Published: August 2018

Objective
To test a new conflict management framework (CMF) to help staff identify and de-escalate conflict between staff and patients/families.

Design
Before/after study that reports staff quality of life, frequency/severity of conflicts and qualitative interviews on using the framework. Data were collected from May 2017 to September 2017.

Setting
A paediatric oncology department day-patient and 23-bed inpatient ward.

Intervention
A two-stage CMF used by staff during daily handovers to identify and then manage conflict cases with families.

Results
Staff found the CMFto be helpful in identifying and de-escalating conflicts. The number of conflicts reported decreased by 64% from baseline to follow-up. Communication regarding conflict identification improved. Reports of staff burn-out decreased between the two time-points (n=55 at baseline, n=31 at follow-up; p=0.001). Scores on compassion and secondary traumatic stress did not change.

Conclusions
The CMF substantially reduces the incidence of conflicts and is an acceptable approach for staff. Continued use of the framework would require it to be fully integrated into the working of the ward, which would need to include senior medical buy-in. Further refinements to the framework have been made and will be tested in four UK sites in 2018/2019.
Paediatric traumatic cardiac arrest: the development of an algorithm to guide recognition, management and decisions to terminate resuscitation
Authors: Vassallo James , Nutbeam Tim , Rickard Annette C , Lyttle Mark D , Scholefield Barney , Maconochie Ian K , Smith Jason E 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionPaediatric traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) is a high acuity, low frequency event. Traditionally, survival from TCA has been reported as low, with some believing resuscitation is futile. Within the adult population, there is growing evidence to suggest that with early and aggressive correction of reversible causes, survival from TCA may be comparable with that seen from medical out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Key to this survival has been the adoption of a standardised approach to resuscitation. The aim of this study was, by a process of consensus, to develop an algorithm for the management of paediatric TCA for adoption in the UK.MethodsA modified consensus development meeting of UK experts involved in the management of paediatric TCA was held. Statements discussed at the meeting were drawn from those that did not reach consensus (positive/negative) from a linked three-round online Delphi study. 19 statements relating to the diagnosis, management and futility of paediatric TCA were initially discussed in small groups before each participant anonymously recorded their agreement with the statement using ‘yes’, ‘no’ or ‘don’t know’. In keeping with our Delphi study, consensus was set a priori at 70%. Statements reaching consensus were included in the proposed algorithm.Results41 participants attended the meeting. Of the 19 statements discussed, 13 reached positive consensus and were included in the algorithm. A single statement regarding initial rescue breaths reached negative consensus and was excluded. Consensus was not reached for five statements, including the use of vasopressors and thoracotomy for haemorrhage control in blunt trauma.ConclusionIn attempt to standardise our approach to the management of paediatric TCA and to improve outcomes, we present the first consensus-based algorithm specific to the paediatric population. While this algorithm was developed for adoption in the UK, it may be applicable to similar healthcare systems internationally.
Effects of feeding Aspergillus oryzae fermentation product to transition Holstein cows on performance and health
Authors: Sucu Ekin , Moore Chel , VanBaale Matthew J. , Jensen Howard , Sanz-Fernandez Maria V. , Baumgard Lance H. 
Published: August 2018

Two experiments examined the effects of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation product (AO; Amaferm®; BioZyme Inc., St. Joseph, MO, USA) on productive variables in transition dairy cows. In experiment 1, 33 Holstein cows (22 multiparous and 11 primiparous) were enrolled from −21 to 60 days in milk (DIM). Cows were individually fed either a control total mixed ration (TMR) diet consisting of primarily alfalfa hay and steam-flaked corn [62:38 and 59:41, forage:concentrate (F:C) for prepartum and postpartum phases, respectively] or the control diet along with 15 g d−1 of AO. In experiment 2, 455 multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled from −21 to 121 DIM. Cows were group-fed either a control TMR diet (n = 228) consisting primarily of corn silage and rolled corn (44:56, F:C) or the control diet (n = 227) with 15 g d−1 of AO. In experiment 1, cows fed AO had increased (P < 0.05) milk production compared with controls (37.7 vs. 34.6 kg d−1). Milk composition, dry matter intake, body weight (BW), and BW loss both prepartum and postpartum did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. Cows fed AO tended to have decreased plasma nonesterified fatty acids levels (14%, P < 0.10), but plasma glucose concentration did not differ (P = 0.89). In experiment 2, cows fed AO had decreased milk yield (43.0 vs. 43.8; P < 0.05), and increased milk fat content (3.50% vs. 3.38%; P < 0.01) but similar quantities of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (42.5 vs. 42.7 kg d−1; P > 0.10). Results suggest that AO has the potential to improve aspects of milk production efficiency, but the percentage and types of forage utilized may influence the response.
EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations Display Sensitivity to Hsp90 Inhibition in Preclinical Models and Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Jorge Susan E. , Lucena-Araujo Antonio R. , Yasuda Hiroyuki , Piotrowska Zofia , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Rangachari Deepa , Huberman Mark S. , Sequist Lecia V. , Kobayashi Susumu S. , Costa Daniel B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
EGFR exon 20 insertions account for up to 10% of all EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinomas, representing the third most common cluster of mutations. The management of advanced cancers with these mutations remains elusive, without an approved inhibitor.

Experimental Design:
Preclinical models of a representative set of EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations to evaluate the efficacy of different inhibitors and description of the clinical outcome of an advanced lung cancer.

Results:
We show that select first-, second-, and third-generation EGFR inhibitors are unable to deter common EGFR exon 20 insertion mutants in concentrations that spare the wild-type kinase. Nonetheless, EGFR exon 20 insertion mutants associate with the Hsp90 chaperone system. We exploit this vulnerability to show that the nongeldanamycin Hsp90 inhibitor luminespib (formerly AUY922) degrades EGFR exon 20 mutations, downstream targets, and induces apoptosis. In addition, a patient whose EGFR inhibitor–insensitive lung adenocarcinoma harbored an EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation had a confirmed radiographic response to luminespib.

Conclusions:
The report confirms that EGFR exon 20 mutations are dependent on Hsp90 and are readily inhibited by the Hsp90 inhibitor luminespib; a treatment strategy that has been pursued in a confirmatory clinical trial (NCT01854034) for this group of lung adenocarcinomas that currently represent an unmet clinical need in precision oncology.
The Frontiers of Uneven and Combined Development
Authors: Davidson Neil 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlexander Anievas and Kerem Nişancıoğlu’sHow the West Came to Ruleis an important intervention within Marxist historical debates which seeks to use the theory of uneven and combined development (UCD) to explain the origin and rise to dominance of capitalism. The argument is shaped by a critique of Political Marxist ‘internalist’ explanations of the process, to which the authors counterpose an account which emphasises its inescapably ‘inter-societal’ nature. While recognising the many contributions that the book makes to our historical understanding, this article argues that these insights do not depend onUCD, and could have been arrived at without reference to it. In particular, it will try to show thatUCDis inapplicable in periods before the consolidation of capitalism, but might be more usefully extended spatially rather than chronologically.
Henry More and William Petty: Revisiting an Early Modern Polemic
Authors: Dobre Mihnea 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper explores an overlooked aspect of the brief but intense correspondence between William Petty and Henry More, making use of the Hartlib Papers Online. Traditionally, the brief epistolary exchange between More and Petty has been seen in the light of an opposition between Cartesian rationalism and Baconian empiricism. A look at the original manuscripts, however, shows that the opposition was not originally framed in those terms at all. This article draws attention to the actors’ original categories, and places this exchange in the evolving landscape of seventeenth-century natural philosophy.
Effects of a Comprehensive Performance Improvement Strategy on Postoperative Adverse Events in Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Panuganti Bharat , Qiu Yuqi , Messing Barbara , Lee Gregory , Fakhry Carole , Blanco Raymond , Ha Patrick , Messer Karen , Califano Joseph A. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesWe aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of a multifaceted performance improvement regimen to reduce the incidence of adverse events following a spectrum of head and neck surgical procedures.MethodsWe conducted a chart review of patients who underwent a head and neck procedure between January 1, 2013, and October 30, 2015, at our institution, including 392 patients (450 procedures) before the quality improvement regimen was implemented (October 1, 2013) and 942 patients (1136 procedures) after implementation. Multivariate statistical models were used to investigate the association of clinical parameters and the intervention with postoperative adverse event rate.ResultsThe incidence of adverse events decreased from 12.9% to 7.2% (95% CI, 2.46%‐9.38%) after the intervention. Male sex (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.06‐2.31) and the intervention (ORadj = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35‐0.74) were predictive of overall adverse event incidence by univariate and multivariate analyses. Although patient comorbid status, quantified with the Charlson Comorbidity Index, was not found to affect overall adverse event risk, each 1‐point increase in index score was associated with a 17% relative increase (ORadj = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.33) in the odds of a high‐grade adverse event.DiscussionComprehensive performance improvement programs can improve perioperative adverse event risk in head and neck surgery. Patient comorbid status and sex are considerations during assessment of the likelihood of high‐grade and overall adverse event risk, respectively.Implications for PracticeGiven the cost of surgical complications, a comprehensive approach to perioperative risk mitigation is warranted.
Congenital Choanal Atresia Repair: An Analysis of Adverse Perioperative Events
Authors: Patel Vijay A. , Ramadan Jad , Carr Michele M. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo identify risk factors and determine the perioperative morbidity of infants undergoing congenital choanal atresia (CCA) repair.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of the ACS‐NSQIP‐P database (American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement–Pediatric).SettingTertiary medical center.Subjects and MethodsPatients who underwent CCA repair at age ≤365 days at the time of surgery were queried via the ACS‐NSQIP‐P database (2013‐2016) via Current Procedural Terminology code 30540. Analyzed outcomes include age, length of stay, medical comorbidities, operative time, readmission, reoperation, and postoperative complications.ResultsA total of 168 patients were identified, 70 of which were within the neonatal period. Preoperatively, gastrointestinal disease (P <. 0001), mechanical ventilation (P <. 0001), and oxygen supplementation (P =. 0040) were significantly greater in frequency among neonates. For all children preoperatively, ASA class (P <. 0001), chronic lung disease (P =. 0019), oxygen supplementation (P <. 0001), and prematurity (P =. 0016) had a significant impact on prolonged length of stay. Neonates had a persistent requirement for postoperative mechanical ventilation (P <. 0001) and a prolonged length of stay (P <. 00001).ConclusionNeonates undergoing CCA repair are more likely to have a persistent requirement for postoperative mechanical ventilation and a prolonged length of stay. Recognition of key clinical factors may aid in optimizing perioperative risk assessment, patient counseling, and procedural planning.
Comparative transcriptome of neurons after oxygen–glucose deprivation: Potential differences in neuroprotection versus reperfusion
Authors: Guo Shuzhen , Tjärnlund-Wolf Anna , Deng Wenjun , Tejima-Mandeville Emiri , Lo Lauren J , Xing Changhong , Arai Ken , Ning MingMing , Zhou Yiming , Lo Eng H 
Published: August 2018

In the context of ischemic stroke, rescuing neurons can be theoretically achieved with either reperfusion or neuroprotection. Reperfusion works via the rapid restoration of oxygen and glucose delivery. Neuroprotection comprises molecular strategies that seek to block excitotoxicity, oxidative stress or various cell death pathways. Here, we propose the hypothesis that neurons rescued with reperfusion are different from neurons rescued with molecular neuroprotection. Neurons were subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) and then treated with “in vitro reperfusion” (i.e. energetic rescue via restoration of oxygen and glucose) or Z-VADfmk (to block apoptosis) or MK-801 (to block excitotoxicity). Levels of injury were titrated so that equivalent levels of neuronal salvage were achieved with reperfusion or neuroprotection. Gene arrays showed that OGD significantly altered the transcriptomic profiles of surviving neurons. Pathway analysis confirmed that a large spectrum of metabolic, inflammation, and signaling genes were perturbed. In spite of the fact that equal levels of neuronal salvage were achieved, energetic rescue renormalized the transcriptomic profiles in surviving neurons to a larger degree compared to neuroprotection with either Z-VADfmk or MK-801. These findings suggest that upstream reperfusion may bring salvaged neurons back “closer to normal” compared to downstream molecular neuroprotection.