bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable operation and maintenance criteria for non-toll road green rating system
Authors: Adzar J A , Zakaria R , Aminudin E , Abd Rashid M H S , Munikanan V , Shamsudin S M , Sooria S Z , Hassan M M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGreen Rating System is utilized as tools to analyze the sustainability of buildings or infrastructures. Improvising green rating system is a continuous effort due to the needs of local implementation of a country. In Malaysia, there are two established rating systems for roads; MyGHI for highways and pHJKR (Roads) for non-tolled roads. Preliminary study on pHJKR (Roads) identified this rating tool assess road sustainability performance only at planning, design & construction stages. This study foresees, it is essential to sustain its engineering and sustainability performance, including carbon assessment under Operation and Maintenance (O&M). Therefore, this paper highlights the relevance and applicability of pHJKR (Roads) in comparison to other establish green road rating tools. The assessment criteria and elements during (O&M) phase are proposed for score development, which extensive research will lead to the establishment of O&M pHJKR (Roads). The data was gathered and analysed from a comprehensive review of current pHJKR (Roads) with a comparison other green road rating index. The expert panel discussion also was utilized to determine suitable sustainability factors. This study, in conclusion providing an opportunity to the enhancement of pHJKR (Roads), which offer a complete cycle of assessment in road project development of road Green Rating System.
Application of parametric components in architectural planning
Authors: Leong Yee Wong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of research is to experiment the use of grasshopper parametric software to analyze a rural district in Taiwan working as planning optimization tools for an aging population community. Conducting an architecture analysis is a process of work mainly dealing with data, as site information getting more complex it is no longer effective carry out by conventional method. Four sets of methodology are performed: (1) Spatial connectivity via road system, (2) path optimization, (3) location optimization for coverage area, and (4) land parcel classification grouping. The experimented results explore a data driven methodology of pre-design analysis in consideration of site context along with residence behavioral aspect, producing a more inclusive investigation for design solution.
Architecture graduate work readiness: The gap between learning and employability.
Authors: Mari TS , Srirangam S , Gunasagaran S , Kuppusamy S , Ang FL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The study investigates and compares the experience and expectation of employers and graduates on architecture graduate work readiness in relation to employability skills using a quantitative method. A total of 141 graduates and 85 employers completed a set of survey measuring the same variables but from different perspectives. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS v 25. Study findings show that perception of employers and graduates are similar on the architectural course and how it trains the graduates for practice. However there is a small gap in the perception graduates work readiness; architectural course curriculum, and graduates’ practical skills. The results revealed that the graduates confidence level in their work readiness is moderate (M = 3.42., SD = 0.843), concurring with the employers who reported that graduate are not entirely ready (M = 3.62., SD = 0.648). However, the employers’ score employability skills is lower than the graduates’ score, especially in areas such as knowledge of Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL) requirements and sustainable approaches (RK) (M=3.29, SD=0.881) and CTS (M = 3.41, SD=0.837). Thus, the study suggests opportunities in current learning in architectural course to be transformed using “work based learning” to enhance the graduates employability skills.
Design Strategies in Science Centre
Authors: Baniyamin N , Rahim Z Abd. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study presents semiotics semantics theory as a possible standard for exploring the interrelations amid learning and the design of informal learning environments. The theoretical notions of classification (Bernstein, 1996), formality (Halliday, 1996), and framing (Bernstein, 1996) were sourced to explain the approach in selected exhibition galleries in Petrosains. Studies on the relationships between signs and symbols and what they represent, especially the relations between form and their reference in the physical world or the world of ideas, have been performed. Applying the semiotics semantics theory to the science centre settings has significant ability for expanding awareness of the role that exhibition plays in the visitor experience, and apprising the design strategies. The findings suggest that the representational modes do promote an investigative learning of science in pedagogical functioning.
COMMUNITY RAINWATER HARVESTING FINANCIAL PAYBACK ANALYSES - CASE STUDY IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Bee Woon Yoke , Ling Lloyd , Lun Tan Wei , Fai Chow Ming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Malaysian water demand is increasing at an alarming rate reaching 27 to 38% higher than the World Health Organisation recommended consumption limit of 165 liters per capita per day. Therefore, the Malaysian water shortage crisis is quite possible in future due to this water demand uptrend. The average annual rainfall of Malaysia is 2,400 mm but large portion of this fresh water resource becomes runoff and lost through our catchments. Urban flash flood is also becoming more frequent due to fast pace of urban development and anthropogenic induced runoff. Malaysia has experienced drought and flooding in different areas and therefore, it is crucial to study the feasibility of alternate water resources in Malaysia to manage and maintain the sustainability of urban township. This study reviewed a past rain water harvesting system (RWHS) case and conducted the financial payback analyses on its proposed system. If there were 177 rain days per year with at least 52 mm of rainfall event depth, the payback period of the proposed RWHS would be 5.8 years when the discount rate (i%) = 2% and 8.2 years if i% = 10%. The payback period became longer when the annual rain days dropped below 106 and 89 rain days per year. If the proposed RWHS only serve the community under this study, it will take 12 days to consume 800 m3 stored water, while any rainfall of consecutive days will not be harvested as the underground storage tank is in full capacity. The proposed RWHS must be filled up at least 38 times per year in order to break even with the proposed annual maintenance cost but will never be able to achieve any payback from its initial investment. Rain water harvesting and full utilisation is the only way to achieve high water cost savings and shorter payback period, and maximise urban excess runoff reduction.
Degree Level of Publicness Through Meaning of Public Sphere In Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Friestya Asharsinyo Doddy , Irma Maulina Hanafiah Ully , Mustafa Muhizam , Hafizal Mohd Isa Mohd 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bandung city public area at this time is experiencing a rapid growth due to economic growth and the influence of globalization. The development of public spaces that tend to be limited to the people who live in them, makes it difficult for the public to enter the area of its public sphere. Public sphere are formed based on the economic, political, cultural, developmental, and changes that occur in the area of today’s public sphere, making it limited and inaccessible to the public at large. This is caused by the hierarchy of public space formed by the changes of the functions, forms, and meanings. This study focused on the relationship between form, function, and meaning of public sphere to the degree level of public spaces of the city of Bandung.
The purpose of this study is to reveal all the relationships that exist between the concepts of public space and its influence on the degree level of publicness in the space of the city of Bandung in the context of its change.
This research is descriptive-analytical and interpretive based on structuralist approach and empirical evidence obtained from study cases. This approach is used to read public sphere in Bandung’s urban spaces to get a reference to the interpretation of relationships from an empirical condition. The degree level and its meaning in Alun-alun Bandung Square with surrounding buildings has been changed and has blocked the accessibility to some buildings and their facades.
Socioeconomic Status, Social Context, and Smoking Lapse During a Quit Attempt: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Cambron Christopher , Lam Cho Y , Cinciripini Paul , Li Liang , Wetter David W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to failure to quit smoking. Health inequity models suggest that low SES smokers experience barriers to quitting in part due to greater exposure to pro-smoking social contexts.

Purpose
The current study examined longitudinal associations among socioeconomic status, pro-smoking social context factors (i.e., exposure to other smokers, places where smoking was allowed), cigarette availability, and smoking lapse during a quit attempt.

Methods
Ecological momentary assessments (EMA) were gathered from a multiethnic sample of 365 smokers engaged in a quit attempt. A multilevel structural equation model estimated a latent variable for SES indicated by income, education, health insurance, and employment, associations among EMAs for pro-smoking social contexts and cigarette availability, and indirect effects of SES through, pro-smoking social contexts and cigarette availability to subsequent smoking lapse.

Results
Lower SES scores were associated with a higher likelihood of smoking lapse. Decomposition of the path from SES to smoking lapse into indirect effects showed significant paths through exposure to places where smoking is allowed and cigarette availability. Additionally, significant serial indirect paths from SES through both exposure to other smokers and places where smoking was allowed, in turn, through cigarette availability, and, ultimately, to smoking lapse were noted.

Conclusions
Consistent with models positing that SES influences health behaviors via contextual factors, the current study demonstrated that low SES smokers attempting to quit experienced greater pro-smoking social contexts that affected subsequent risk for lapse.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Guyton Justinne , Jeon Michelle , Brooks Amie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
The role of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), including efficacy and safety evidence, is reviewed.

Summary
Currently approved treatment options for glycemic control in T1DM include insulin, which combats insulin deficiency but does not effectively target disease progression or alpha cell dysfunction; and pramlintide, whose use requires multiple daily doses and involves a high likelihood of gastrointestinal side effects. GLP-1 RAs have a unique mechanism of action in T1DM, addressing alpha cell dysfunction and thereby suppressing inappropriate glucagon secretion. GLP-1 RA dosing varies from once weekly to twice daily, and the class is well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes. Among the GLP-1 RAs, exenatide and liraglutide have been studied in patients with T1DM, with published evidence consistently demonstrating weight loss, decreases in total daily insulin requirements, and modest improvements in glycemic control. GLP-1 RA therapy appears to be well tolerated in patients with T1DM and is associated with nonsignificant increases in hypoglycemia risk.

Conclusion
GLP-1 RA therapy represents an important add-on therapy option for achieving decreased insulin doses, weight loss, and modest improvements in HbA1c levels without significantly increasing hypoglycemia risk in patients with T1DM. Patients who have detectable C-peptide and/or are overweight or cannot achieve glycemic goals without hypoglycemia have been found to benefit the most from GLP-1 RA therapy. Further studies are warranted to evaluate these agents’ potential impact on clinical outcomes such as microvascular and macrovascular complications.
Treatment with pembrolizumab after hypersensitivity reaction to nivolumab in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Choi Briana , McBride Ali , Scott Aaron J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
The options for immunotherapy treatment are limited for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this case study, we report a case of successful alternation of one PD-1 inhibitor for another after a hypersensitivity reaction.

Summary
Nivolumab (Opdivo, Bristol-Myers Squibb) has been Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for a variety of malignancies, including a recent approval for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Infusion-related reactions occur in less than 1% of patients, and although such reactions are rare, recognition of infusion-related reactions induced by nivolumab is an important aspect of its usage. The PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab is also FDA approved for subsequent-line therapy in treatment of HCC. Thus far, approximately 0.2% of patients experienced severe infusion-related reaction in studies using pembrolizumab. A 70-year-old male with HCC had an infusion reaction to nivolumab that presented as facial flushing, dyspnea, and back pain. The patient received prompt administration of diphenhydramine and hydrocortisone, which led to the amelioration of symptoms and allowed the patient to complete his immunotherapy treatment. For the third dose of nivolumab, the patient received premedications prior to treatment, including diphenhydramine, hydrocortisone, and famotidine. During his infusion, the patient experienced facial flushing, coughing, chest tightness, and an itchy throat. The patient again received diphenhydramine and hydrocortisone to treat infusion-related symptoms and his therapy was discontinued. Because of the nivolumab infusion-related reaction, nivolumab was discontinued, and the patient was started on pembrolizumab. The patient tolerated pembrolizumab without any subsequent infusion-related reactions. Prompt recognition and attention to immunotherapy infusion-related reactions could potentially prevent the fatal complication of anaphylaxis with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this report, we describe the successful transition from one anti–PD-1 therapy to another for continued immunotherapy treatment without any subsequent infusion reactions.

Conclusion
A patient with HCC was successfully treated with pembrolizumab after experiencing adverse effects with nivolumab.
Survey of residency program directors’ perceptions of nontraditional pharmacy residency applicants
Authors: Khalil Amanda J , Mediwala Krutika N , Mehta Meera , Yanicak Amy J , Ham Jared S , Blake Elizabeth W , Rumley Kathey F , Pan Ingrid , Bookstaver P Brandon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeThe attitudes and expectations of residency program directors (RPDs) regarding nontraditional residency applicants (NTAs) were evaluated.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, survey-based study targeting RPDs of American Society of Health-System Pharmacists–accredited residency programs. A 14-question survey requesting information related to demographics, perceptions of NTAs compared with traditional applicants, advantages and disadvantages of NTAs, and advice for NTAs was administered electronically to RPDs. The primary outcome of this study was to determine RPDs’ perceptions of NTAs as suitable residency candidates. The secondary outcome evaluated the rate of NTA acceptance into residency programs and a qualitative assessment of RPDs’ advice for NTAs.ResultsOf the 1,414 RPDs contacted to participate, 328 (23%) completed the survey. RPDs were primarily affiliated with postgraduate year 1 pharmacy practice (52%) or postgraduate year 2 specialty residencies (30%), and 35% reported having an NTA in their program. Most respondents (87%) reported that NTAs are given equal consideration relative to traditional residency applicants. RPDs rated work experience as the most important quality of an NTA, followed closely by the ability to work with others and teachability. Most (277 [85%]) RPDs agreed that NTAs should possess experiences beyond work experience, such as research, leadership, and community service. The biggest concern regarding NTAs was significant time since graduation prior to application.ConclusionThe majority of RPDs did not perceive NTAs differently from traditional applicants in the selection process of prospective candidates.
A systematic overview of systematic reviews evaluating interventions addressing polypharmacy
Authors: Anderson Laura J , Schnipper Jeffrey L , Nuckols Teryl K , Shane Rita , Sarkisian Catherine , Le Michael M , Pevnick Joshua M ,   Members of the PHARM-DC group, Hughes Carmel M , Jackevicius Cynthia A , O’Mahony Denis 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To systematically evaluate and summarize evidence across multiple systematic reviews (SRs) examining interventions addressing polypharmacy.

Summary
MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) were searched for SRs evaluating interventions addressing polypharmacy in adults published from January 2004 to February 2017. Two authors independently screened, appraised, and extracted information. SRs with Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) scores below 8 were excluded. After extraction of relevant conclusions from each SR, evidence was summarized and conclusions compared. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to assess evidence quality. Six SRs met the inclusion criteria, 4 of which used meta-analytic pooling. Five SRs focused on older adults. Four were not restricted to any specific disease type, whereas 1 focused on proton pump inhibitors and another focused on patients with severe dementia. Care settings and measured outcomes varied widely. SRs examining the impact on patient-centered outcomes, including morbidity, mortality, patient satisfaction, and utilization, found inconsistent evidence regarding the benefit of polypharmacy interventions, but most concluded that interventions had either null or uncertain impact. Two SRs assessing medication appropriateness found very low-quality evidence of modest improvements with polypharmacy interventions.

Conclusion
An overview of SRs of interventions to address polypharmacy found 6 recent and high-quality SRs, mostly focused on older adults, in which both process and outcome measures were used to evaluate interventions. Despite the low quality of evidence in the underlying primary studies, both SRs that assessed medication appropriateness found evidence that polypharmacy interventions improved it. However, there was no consistent evidence of any impact on downstream patient-centered outcomes such as healthcare utilization, morbidity, or mortality.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor C in Alcoholics
Authors: Martín-González C , González-Navarrete L , Ribot-Hernández I , Vera-Delgado V , Alvisa-Negrín J , Godoy-Reyes A , Espelosín-Ortega E , Abreu-González P , González-Reimers E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Aims
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) promotes liver collagen deposition, acting on hepatic stellate cells. Despite this, low serum PDGF levels were reported in chronic hepatitis C or B infection, although some studies yield the opposite result. Since PDGF may be related not only to fibrosis but also with vascular, neuronal or muscle disease, it is important to analyze its behavior in alcoholics.

Methods
In total, 17 controls and 62 alcoholic patients consecutively admitted to the hospitalization unit of the Internal Medicine Service were included. We determined serum levels of PDGF C, routine laboratory evaluation, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. We analyzed the relationships between PDGF and liver function, ethanol intake and inflammatory reaction by both univariate and multivariate analysis to discern which variables PDGF levels depend on.

Results
Serum PDGF levels were significantly lower among patients (675 ± 466 pg/ml) than among controls (1074 ± 337 pg/ml; Z = 3.70; P &lt; 0.001), and even lower among cirrhotics (549 ± 412 among cirrhotics vs 778 ± 487 among non-cirrhotics; Z = 2.33; P = 0.02). PDGF levels showed a direct correlation with prothrombin activity (ρ = 0.50; P &lt; 0.001), platelet count (ρ = 0.44; P &lt; 0.001) and inverse ones with bilirubin (ρ = −0.39; P = 0.002), IL-6 (ρ = −0.33; P = 0.016), IL-8 (ρ = −0.47; P &lt; 0.001), and MDA levels (ρ = −0.44; P &lt; 0.001). By multivariate analysis, only prothrombin activity and platelet count were independently related to PDGF.

Conclusion
PDGF-C levels are decreased in alcoholics, especially among cirrhotics. Multivariate analysis discloses that only prothrombin activity and platelet count are independently related to PDGF-C levels.
GPS tracking and population genomics suggest itinerant breeding across drastically different habitats in the Phainopepla
Authors: Baldassarre Daniel T , Campagna Leonardo , Thomassen Henri A , Atwell Jonathan W , Chu Miyoko , Crampton Lisa H , Fleischer Robert C , Riehl Christina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Migratory birds generally divide the annual cycle between discrete breeding and nonbreeding ranges. Itinerant breeders, however, reproduce twice at different geographic locations, migrating between them. This unusual flexibility in movement ecology and breeding biology suggests that some species can rapidly modulate the conflicting physiological and behavioral traits required for migration and reproduction. The Phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens), a songbird of the southwestern USA, has long been suspected to breed first in desert habitats in spring, then migrate to woodland habitats to breed again in summer. However, direct evaluation of movement and gene flow among individuals breeding in different locations has previously been logistically intractable. We deployed GPS tags on free-flying Phainopeplas in southern California, all of which migrated to hypothesized woodland breeding habitats after desert breeding (an average distance of 232 km). GPS data also revealed previously unknown fall and spring stopover sites. Population genomic analyses revealed no genetic differentiation among desert and woodland breeding populations, indicating significant movement and gene flow across the region. Finally, we used random forest analyses to quantify substantial environmental differences among temporal stages. Our results provide direct evidence that individual Phainopeplas do indeed move between 2 drastically different breeding habitats in the same year, representing a rare and extreme example of life-history flexibility.