bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging gradual neurodegeneration in a basal ganglia model disease
Authors: Hanssen Henrike , Prasuhn Jannik , Heldmann Marcus , Diesta Cid C. , Domingo Aloysius , Göttlich Martin , Blood Anne J. , Rosales Raymond L. , Jamora Roland D. G. , Münte Thomas F. , Klein Christine , Brüggemann Norbert 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveX‐linked dystonia‐parkinsonism (XDP) is a neurodegenerative disease with adult onset dystonia and subsequent parkinsonism. Postmortem and imaging studies revealed remarkable striatal pathology, with a predominant involvement of the striosomal compartment in the early phase. Here, we aimed to disentangle sequential neurodegeneration in the striatum of XDP patients, provide evidence for preferential loss of distinct striatal areas in the early phase, and investigate whether iron accumulation is present.MethodsWe used multimodal structural magnetic resonance imaging (voxel‐based morphometry and relaxometry) in 18 male XDP patients carrying a TAF1 mutation and 19 age‐matched male controls.ResultsVoxel‐based relaxometry and morphometry revealed (1) a cluster in the anteromedial putamen showing high iron content and severe atrophy (−55%) and (2) a cluster with reduced relaxation rates as a marker for increased water levels and a lower degree of atrophy (−20%) in the dorsolateral putamen. Iron deposition correlated with the degree of atrophy (ρ = −0.585, p = 0.011) and disease duration (ρ = 0.632, p = 0.005) in the anteromedial putamen. In the dorsolateral putamen, sensorimotor putamen atrophy correlated with disease severity (ρ = −0.649, p = 0.004).InterpretationThis multimodal approach identified a patchy pattern of atrophy within the putamen. Atrophy is advanced and associated with iron accumulation in rostral regions of the striatum, whereas neurodegeneration is moderate and still ongoing in dorsolateral areas. Given the short disease duration and predominant dystonic phenotype, these results are well in line with early and preferential degeneration of striosome‐rich striatal areas in XDP. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:517–526
Amylin as a potential link between type 2 diabetes and alzheimer disease
Authors: Martinez‐Valbuena Ivan , Valenti‐Azcarate Rafael , Amat‐Villegas Irene , Riverol Mario , Marcilla Irene , de Andrea Carlos E. , Sánchez‐Arias Juan Antonio , del Mar Carmona‐Abellan Maria , Marti Gloria , Erro Maria‐Elena , Martínez‐Vila Eduardo , Tuñon Maria‐Teresa , Luquin Maria‐Rosario 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveAlzheimer disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, and although its etiology remains unclear, it seems that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other prediabetic states of insulin resistance could contribute to the appearance of sporadic AD. As such, we have assessed whether tau and β‐amyloid (Aβ) deposits might be present in pancreatic tissue of subjects with AD, and whether amylin, an amyloidogenic protein deposited in the pancreas of T2DM patients, might accumulate in the brain of AD patients.MethodsWe studied pancreatic and brain tissue from 48 individuals with no neuropathological alterations and from 87 subjects diagnosed with AD. We examined Aβ and tau accumulation in the pancreas as well as that of amylin in the brain. Moreover, we performed proximity ligation assays to ascertain whether tau and/or Aβ interact with amylin in either the pancreas or brain of these subjects.ResultsCytoplasmic tau and Aβ protein deposits were detected in pancreatic β cells of subjects with AD as well as in subjects with a normal neuropathological examination but with a history of T2DM and in a small cohort of control subjects without T2DM. Furthermore, we found amylin deposits in the brain of these subjects, providing histological evidence that amylin can interact with Aβ and tau in both the pancreas and hippocampus.InterpretationThe presence of both tau and Aβ inclusions in pancreatic β cells, and of amylin deposits in the brain, provides new evidence of a potential overlap in the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of T2DM and AD. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:539–551
Polarization‐Driven Self‐Powered Photodetection in a Single‐Phase Biaxial Hybrid Perovskite Ferroelectric
Authors: Liu Xitao , Wang Sasa , Long Peiqing , Li Lina , Peng Yu , Xu Zhiyun , Han Shiguo , Sun Zhihua , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSelf‐powered photodetection driven by ferroelectric polarization has shown great potential in next‐generation optoelectronic devices. Hybrid perovskite ferroelectrics that combine polarization and semiconducting properties have a promising position within this portfolio. Herein, we demonstrate the realization of self‐powered photodetection in a new developed biaxial ferroelectric, (EA)2(MA)2Pb3Br10 (1, EA is ethylammonium and MA is methylammonium), which displays high Curie temperature (375 K), superior spontaneous polarization (3.7 μC cm−2), and unique semiconducting nature. Strikingly, without an external energy supply, 1 exhibits an direction‐selectable photocurrent with fascinating attributes including high photocurrent density (≈4.1 μA cm−2), high on/off switching ratio (over 106), and ultrafast response time (96/123 μs); such merits are superior to those of the most active ferroelectric oxide BiFeO3. Further studies reveal that strong inversion symmetry breaking in 1 provides a desirable driving force for carrier separation, accounting for such electrically tunable self‐powered photoactive behaviors. This work sheds light on exploring new multifunctional hybrid perovskites and advancing the design of intelligent photoelectric devices.
Chemically Induced Sintering of Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Zheng , Suslick Kenneth S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe have observed solid‐state growth of pre‐existing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) upon exposure to trace (ppb) concentrations of reactive gases at room temperature. The consequent change in localized surface plasmon resonances alters the visible absorbance of dried, printed sensor spots made from inks of 10 nm‐AgNPs and provides a novel mechanism for trace detection and dosimetry of reactive gases. Colorimetric sensor arrays based on these AgNP inks offer dosimetric identification of acidic and oxidizing gases and other reactive vapors with limits of detection below ppb levels for 1 h exposures. For an array of AgNP inks with various capping agents, a unique color response pattern is observed for each specific analyte. Excellent discrimination among 11 reactive gases was demonstrated using standard chemometric methods. The chemically induced sintering of NPs paves the way for novel solid‐state sensors for the ultrasensitive detection of reactive gases and their application to the monitoring of trace airborne pollutants.
Recent Progress in All‐Polymer Solar Cells Based on Wide‐Bandgap p‐Type Polymers
Authors: Zhu Peng , Fan Baobing , Ying Lei , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAll‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs), with the photoactive layer exclusively composed of polymers as both donor and acceptor, have attracted growing attention due to their unique merits in optical, thermal and mechanical durability. Through the combined strategies in materials design and device engineering, recently the power conversion efficiencies of single‐junction all‐PSCs have been boosted up to 11 %. This review focuses on the recent progress of all‐PSCs comprising of wide band‐gap p‐type polymers, especially those based on the units of thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6(5H)‐dione], fluorinated benzotriazole, benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione, and pyrrolo[3,4‐f]benzotriazole‐5,7(6H)‐dione. Meantime, several categories of n‐type polymers used to match with these polymer donors are also reviewed. Finally, a brief summary of the strategies of molecular design and morphology optimization is given, and strategies toward further improving performance of all‐PSCs are outlined.
N‐Doped Yellow TiO2 Hollow Sphere‐Mediated Visible‐Light‐Driven Efficient Esterification of Alcohol and N‐Hydroxyimides to Active Esters
Authors: Singha Krishnadipti , Ghosh Subhash Ch. , Panda Asit Baran 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHerein we report a simple synthetic protocol for N‐doped yellow TiO2 (N‐TiO2) hollow spheres as an efficient visible‐light‐active photocatalyst using aqueous titanium peroxocarbonate complex (TPCC) solution as precursor and NH4OH. In the developed strategy, the ammonium ion of TPCC and NH4OH acts as nitrogen source and structure‐directing agent. The synthesized N‐TiO2 hollow spheres are capable of promoting the synthesis of active esters of N‐hydroxyimide and alcohol through simultaneous selective oxidation of alcohol to aldehyde followed by cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) under ambient conditions upon irradiation of visible light. It is possible to develop a novel and cost‐effective one‐pot strategy for the synthesis of important esters and amides on gram scale using the developed strategy. The catalytic activity of N‐TiO2 hollow spheres is much superior to that of other reported N‐TiO2 samples as well as TiO2 with varying morphology.
Reticular Chemistry of Uranyl Phosphonates: Sterically Hindered Phosphonate Ligand Method is Significant for Constructing Zero‐Dimensional Secondary Building Units
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Xiangxiang , Huang Yan , Zhou Fan , Qi Chao , Zheng Tao , Li Jiansheng , Chai Zhifang , Wang Shuao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDesignability is an attractive feature for metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and essential for reticular chemistry, and many ideas are significantly useful in the carboxylate system. Bi‐, tri‐, and tetra‐topic phosphonate ligands are used to achieve framework structures. However, an efficient method for designing phosphonate MOFs is still on the way, especially for uranyl phosphonates, owing to the complicated coordination modes of the phosphonate group. Uranyl phosphonates prefer layer or pillar‐layered structures as the topology extension for uranyl units occurs in the plane perpendicular to the linear uranium‐oxo bonds and phosphonate ligands favor the formation of compact structures. Therefore, an approach that can construct three‐dimensional (3D) uranyl phosphonate MOFs is desired. In this paper, a sterically hindered phosphonate ligand method (SHPL) is described and is successfully used to achieve 3D framework structures of uranyl phosphonates. Four MOF compounds ([AMIM]2(UO2)(TppmH4)⋅H2O (UPF‐101), [BMMIM]2(UO2)3(TppmH4)2⋅H2O (UPF‐102), [Py14]2(UO2)3(TppmH4)2⋅3 H2O (UPF‐103), and [BMIM](UO2)3(TppmH3)F2⋅2 H2O (UPF‐104); [AMIM]=1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium, [BMMIM]=1‐butyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium, [Py14]=N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium, and [BMIM]=1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) are obtained by ionothermal synthesis, with zero‐dimensional nodes of uranyl phosphonates linked by steric tetra‐topic ligands, namely tetrakis[4‐(dihyroxyphosphoryl)phenyl]methane (TppmH8), to give 3D framework structures. Characterization by PXRD, UV/Vis, IR, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry (TG) were also performed.
Zwitterionic Mixed Valence: Internalizing Counteranions into a Biferrocenium Framework toward Molecular Expression of Half‐Cells in Quantum Cellular Automata
Authors: Tahara Keishiro , Terashita Nazuna , Tokunaga Ken , Yabumoto Shiomi , Kikuchi Jun‐ichi , Ozawa Yoshiki , Abe Masaaki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRealization of molecular quantum cellular automata (QCA), a promising architecture for molecular computing through current‐free processes, requires improved understanding and application of mixed‐valence (MV) molecules. In this report, we present an electrostatic approach to creating MV subspecies through internalizing opposite charges in close proximity to MV ionic moieties. This approach is demonstrated by unsymmetrically attaching a charge‐responsive boron substituent to a well‐known organometallic MV complex, biferrocenium. Guest anions (CN− and F−) bind to the Lewis acidic boron center, leading to unusual blue‐shifts of the intervalence charge‐transfer (IVCT) bands. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported example of a zwitterionic MV series in which the degree of positive charge delocalization can be varied by changing the bound anions, and serves to clarify the interplay between IVCT parameters. The key underlying factor is the variable zero‐level energy difference in the MV states. This work provides new insight into imbuing MV molecules with external charge‐responsiveness, a prerequisite of molecular QCA techniques.
Defective [Bi2O2]2+ Layers Exhibiting Ultrabroad Near‐Infrared Luminescence
Authors: Li Hong , Jia Xiao‐Fang , Zhao Qing , Ma Ju‐Ping , Liu Jian‐Dang , Ye Bang‐Jiao , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Moriyoshi Chikako , Li Zhi‐Yong , Liu Qi , Zhang Jun‐Ying , Sun Hong‐Tao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAurivillius phases have been routinely known as excellent ferroelectrics and have rarely been deemed as materials that luminesce in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. Herein, it is shown that the Aurivillius phases can demonstrate broadband NIR luminescence that covers telecommunication and biological optical windows. Experimental characterization of the model system Bi2.14Sr0.75Ta2O9−x, combined with theoretical calculations, help to establish that the NIR luminescence originates from defective [Bi2O2]2+ layers. Importantly, the generality of this finding is validated based on observations of a rich bank of NIR luminescence characteristics in other Aurivillius phases. This work highlights that incorporating defects into infinitely repeating [Bi2O2]2+ layers can be used as a powerful tool to space‐selectively impart unusual luminescence emitters to Aurivillius‐phase ferroelectrics, which not only offers an optical probe for the examination of defect states in ferroelectrics, but also provides possibilities for coupling of the ferroelectric property with NIR luminescence.
Evaluation of pyrolysis residue of oil sludge for recycling as bed material
Authors: Li Qiaohong , Gao Yuan , Ji Guozhao , Chen Chuanshuai , Li Aimin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPyrolysis is an appealing technique to convert oil sludge into valuable products such as gaseous and liquid fuels, however, there is lack of research on the use of solid residue after sludge pyrolysis. This work investigated the possibility of recycling solid residue as bed material for the pyrolysis process. The thermogravimetric analysis of the raw sludge in both the pyrolysis condition and combustion condition found that part of the heavy organic compounds in the oil sludge was difficult to recover by pyrolysis, though could be combusted easily in the presence of oxygen. Therefore, by leaving the heavy compound in the solid residue, the solid residue can be self‐heated by combustion and cycled to the pyrolysis process to enhance heat transfer and catalysis. A series of pyrolysis residues at varies temperatures and holding times were collected after pyrolyzing oil sludge in this study. To examine whether there is sufficient potential heat remaining in the pyrolytic residue, the residue was further investigated by FTIR, proximate, ultimate analysis, and TGA in air to study the combustion characteristics and combustion kinetics. Higher pyrolysis temperature and longer pyrolysis time resulted in more ash and fixed carbon in the residue, though less volatile matter. Residue pyrolyzed at a lower temperature was easier to combust and showed lower combustion activation energy, though the recovery of organic fuel was not significant. Pyrolysis time had very minor effect on the solid residue combustion behaviour. It is more appropriate to control the residue property by governing the pyrolysis temperature.
Functional regeneration of tissue engineered skeletal muscle in vitro is dependent on the inclusion of basement membrane proteins
Authors: Fleming Jacob W. , Capel Andrew J. , Rimington Rowan P. , Player Darren J. , Stolzing Alexandra , Lewis Mark P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSkeletal muscle has a high regenerative capacity, injuries trigger a regenerative program which restores tissue function to a level indistinguishable to the pre‐injury state. However, in some cases where significant trauma occurs, such as injuries seen in military populations, the regenerative process is overwhelmed and cannot restore full function. Limited clinical interventions exist which can be used to promote regeneration and prevent the formation of non‐regenerative defects following severe skeletal muscle trauma. Robust and reproducible techniques for modelling complex tissue responses are essential to promote the discovery of effective clinical interventions. Tissue engineering has been highlighted as an alternative method, allowing the generation of three‐dimensional in vivo like tissues without laboratory animals. Reducing the requirement for animal models promotes rapid screening of potential clinical interventions, as these models are more easily manipulated, genetically and pharmacologically, and reduce the associated cost and complexity, whilst increasing access to models for laboratories without animal facilities. In this study, an in vitro chemical injury using barium chloride is validated using the C2C12 myoblast cell line, and is shown to selectively remove multinucleated myotubes, whilst retaining a regenerative mononuclear cell population. Monolayer cultures showed limited regenerative capacity, with basement membrane supplementation or extended regenerative time incapable of improving the regenerative response. Conversely tissue engineered skeletal muscles, supplemented with basement membrane proteins, showed full functional regeneration, and a broader in vivo like inflammatory response. This work outlines a freely available and open access methodology to produce a cell line‐based tissue engineered model of skeletal muscle regeneration.
Mushroom bodies in Reptantia reflect a major transition in crustacean brain evolution
Authors: Strausfeld Nicholas J. , Sayre Marcel E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBrain centers possessing a suite of neuroanatomical characters that define mushroom bodies of dicondylic insects have been identified in mantis shrimps, which are basal malacostracan crustaceans. Recent studies of the caridean shrimp Lebbeus groenlandicus further demonstrate the existence of mushroom bodies in Malacostraca. Nevertheless, received opinion promulgates the hypothesis that domed centers called hemiellipsoid bodies typifying reptantian crustaceans, such as lobsters and crayfish, represent the malacostracan cerebral ground pattern. Here, we provide evidence from the marine hermit crab Pagurus hirsutiusculus that refutes this view. P. hirsutiusculus, which is a member of the infraorder Anomura, reveals a chimeric morphology that incorporates features of a domed hemiellipsoid body and a columnar mushroom body. These attributes indicate that a mushroom body morphology is the ancestral ground pattern, from which the domed hemiellipsoid body derives and that the “standard” reptantian hemiellipsoid bodies that typify Astacidea and Achelata are extreme examples of divergence from this ground pattern. This interpretation is underpinned by comparing the lateral protocerebrum of Pagurus with that of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii and Orconectes immunis, members of the reptantian infraorder Astacidea.
Palladium Nanoparticles on a Creatine‐Modified Bentonite Support: An Efficient and Sustainable Catalyst for Nitroarene Reduction
Authors: Gholinejad Mohammad , Rasouli Zahra , Najera Carmen , Sansano José M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCreatine as the nitrogen‐rich, green and cheap compound is used for modification of natural bentonite and the resulting material is employed for the stabilization of Palladium nanoparticles having an average diameter of 3 nm. This new material bento‐crt@Pd is characterized using different techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid state UV‐vis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). This green catalyst promotes efficient reduction of aromatic nitro compounds in aqueous media. By using this catalyst nitroarenes having electron donating as well as electron withdrawing groups were reduced efficiently to their corresponding amines at room temperature. The catalyst can be recycled seven times and the reused catalyst was characterized by TEM and XPS.
Complex DDI by Fenebrutinib and the Use of Transporter Endogenous Biomarkers to Elucidate the Mechanism of DDI
Authors: Jones Nicholas S. , Yoshida Kenta , Salphati Laurent , Kenny Jane R. , Durk Matthew R. , Chinn Leslie W. 
Published: August 2019

Mechanistic understanding of complex clinical drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with potential involvement of multiple elimination pathways has been challenging, especially given the general lack of specific probe substrates for transporters. Here, we conducted a clinical DDI study to evaluate the interaction potential of fenebrutinib using midazolam (MDZ; CYP3A), simvastatin (CYP3A and OATP1B), and rosuvastatin (BCRP and OATP1B) as probe substrates. Fenebrutinib (200 mg) increased the area under the curve (AUC) of these probe substrates twofold to threefold. To evaluate the mechanism of the observed DDIs, we measured the concentration of coproporphyrin I (CP‐I) and coproporphyrin III (CP‐III), endogenous biomarkers of OATP1B. There was no change in CP‐I or CP‐III levels with fenebrutinib, suggesting that the observed DDIs were caused by inhibition of CYP3A and BCRP rather than OATP1B, likely due to increased bioavailability. This is the first published account using an endogenous transporter biomarker to understand the mechanism of complex DDIs involving multiple elimination pathways.
Quantifying resistance and resilience to local extinction for conservation prioritization
Authors: Donaldson Lynda , Bennie Jonathan J. , Wilson Robert J. , Maclean Ilya M. D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpecies‐focused conservation planning is often based on reducing local extinction risk at key sites. However, with increasing levels of habitat fragmentation and pressures from climate change and overexploitation, surrounding landscapes also influence the persistence of species populations, and their effects are increasingly incorporated in conservation planning and management for both species and communities. Here, we present a framework based on metapopulation dynamics in fragmented landscapes, for quantifying the survival (resistance) and reestablishment of species populations following localized extinction events (resilience). We explore the application of this framework to guide the conservation of a group of threatened bird species endemic to papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) swamps in East and Central Africa. Using occupancy data for five species collected over two years from a network of wetlands in Uganda, we determine the local and landscape factors that influence local extinction and colonization, and map expected rates of population turnover across the network to draw inferences about the locations that contribute most to regional resistance and resilience for all species combined. Slight variation in the factors driving extinction and colonization between individual papyrus birds led to species‐specific differences in the spatial patterns of site‐level resistance and resilience. However, despite this, locations with the highest resistance and/or resilience overlapped for most species and reveal where resources could be invested for multispecies persistence. This novel simplified framework can aid decision making associated with conservation planning and prioritization for multiple species residing in overlapping, fragmented habitats; helping to identify key sites that warrant urgent conservation protection, with consideration of the need to adapt and respond to future change.