bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De « nouvelles » perspectives pour l’Europe
Authors: Habermas Jürgen 
Published: May 2019

Malgré la conscience de défis communs, les pays européens sont pris dans un cercle vicieux : les politiques d’austérité accroissent les inégalités au sein de l’Union, qui nourrissent le populisme de droite, qui pousse les gouvernements à accorder la priorité à des intérêts nationalistes de court terme au détriment de la solidarité européenne.
Trois idées reçues sur les élections européennes
Authors: Dennison Susi , Krastev Ivan , Leonard Mark , Varma Tara 
Published: May 2019

Une étude du European Council on Foreign Relations conduite dans quatorze pays d’Europe montre qu’en dépit de divisions, il n’existe pas de polarisation de l’électorat en tribus irréconciliables ; que la question de l’émigration est aussi importante que celle de l’immigration ; que le sentiment européen est important malgré une volonté de renverser le statu quo .
La contribution de la Fondation de France aux processus territorialisés et territorialisants d’innovation sociale
Authors: Gianfaldoni Patrick , Manoury Lucile 
Published: May 2019

Nous analysons le soutien philanthropique au développement territorial au travers d’un programme lancé en 2013 par la Fondation de France (FdF). La réalisation de bilans évaluatifs pour les deux premiers dispositifs territorialisés arrivant à terme (2014-2018), l’un déployé sur un territoire rural et l’autre sur un territoire urbain, a permis de montrer que la FdF contribue aux processus territorialisés et territorialisants d’innovation sociale. L’innovation sociale, que nous qualifions d’endogène au territoire, se manifeste par des processus révélant des formes d’ empowerment territorial, individuel et communautaire. L’étude des dispositifs met en lumière les deux propriétés des processus d’innovation sociale : la dépendance au territoire et une configuration du territoire. Les processus d’innovation sociale dépendent des proximités entre bénéficiaires associés et de la nature des ressources en usage. Ils tendent aussi à engendrer ces proximités et générer la création-valorisation de ces ressources.	Codes JEL : O35, A14, A12
Le financement participatif de projets d’énergies renouvelables (EnR) : éclairages sur le modèle économique et les risques d’une plateforme française
Authors: Bourcet Clémence , Cézanne Cécile , Rigot Sandra , Saglietto Laurence 
Published: May 2019

Les plateformes de	crowdfunding interviennent comme une nouvelle forme d’intermédiation financière plébiscitée pour répondre aux besoins de financement de projets dans les énergies renouvelables (EnR). Cet article analyse la plateforme française d’investissement participatif dédiée aux projets d’EnR : Enerfip. Au regard du	Business Model Canvas d’Osterwalder (2004) et Osterwalder et Pigneur (2011), il propose une représentation du modèle économique de la plateforme, de sa matrice de risques et des stratégies qu’elle met en place pour les gérer. Enfin, cet article identifie les insuffisances de ces stratégies et discute différents leviers d’action pour y remédier.	Codes JEL : G23, G24, L21, L81, M21, Q55
« On n'est pas là pour faire des théories »
Authors: Dafflon Alexandre 
Published: May 2019

Résumé À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée auprès de membres de sociétés de jeunesse campagnarde (SJC), cet article s’attache à saisir les processus de socialisation politique à l’oeuvre au sein d’organisations qui ne revendiquent aucun but politique et dont les activités sont avant tout envisagées à partir de leur caractère amical et festif. L’article montre que face au mépris social dont les SJC font l’objet, les jeunes apprennent à valoriser une culture propre qui subordonne systématiquement la « théorie » à la « pratique ». Cette conception pratique du monde les pousse alors à mettre à distance la politique pour ne pas que s’impose, dans leur quotidien associatif, la domination culturelle, celle qui réaffirme l’ordre des choses.
« Mis à la retraite à 42 ans ! »
Authors: Julhe Samuel , Bourneton-Soulé Florence 
Published: May 2019

À partir du cas des danseuses et des danseurs classiques travaillant dans les maisons d’opéra en France, cet article analyse le « référentiel sectoriel » qui préside à la prise en compte de « spécificités artistiques » en matière de gestion des carrières par des établissements sous tutelle publique. Quitter la scène et son métier lorsqu’il reste encore 20 à 30 ans de vie professionnelle avant de pouvoir prétendre à la retraite ne va pas de soi, ni pour les artistes, ni pour les institutions chargées d’accompagner les parcours professionnels. L’analyse proposée ici mobilise principalement les données issues de 40 entretiens biographiques réalisés auprès de danseurs ainsi que 18 entretiens effectués auprès de directrices et de directeurs ou de responsables des ressources humaines de maisons d’opéra. Nous montrons que ce « référentiel » repose d’une part, sur l’inculcation et la perpétuation d’un « régime temporel » spécifique, d’autre part, sur la structuration des « possibles professionnels » des artistes par une série de « dispositifs d’accompagnement ». La façon dont les processus décrits se différencient selon le « crédit réputationnel » accordé aux danseuses et aux danseurs au sein du Ballet est également explicitée.
P-C La trajectoire d’un jeune Haïtien au Brésil : habitus immigrant, distinction et capital
Authors: de Oliveira Márcio 
Published: May 2019

Les Haitiens arrivés au Brésil en 2013 et 2014 étaient scolarisés et fortunés et, par conséquence, ils s’en sortaient mieux. Nous analysons ici la trajectoire d’un jeune Haïtien immigré au Brésil. Nous identifions les caractéristiques socioéconomiques de ce jeune pour ensuite les mettre en rapport à ses pratiques, depuis sa migration jusqu’à son parcours au Brésil. L’hypothèse est la suivante : le parcours migratoire, qui n’a pas forcément l’intégration en ligne de mire, est le résultat d’un concours de circonstances dans lesquelles se joue fortement le rapport entre l’habitus et les capitaux accumulés par les migrants. La trajectoire et la stratégie de ce jeune Haïtien semblent en être la démonstration.
IL-3 Triggers Chronic Rejection of Cardiac Allografts by Activation of Infiltrating Basophils
Authors: Balam Saidou , Schiechl-Brachner Gabriela , Buchtler Simone , Halbritter Dagmar , Schmidbauer Kathrin , Talke Yvonne , Neumayer Sophia , Salewski Jan-Niklas , Winter Frederike , Karasuyama Hajime , Yamanishi Yoshinori , Renner Kerstin , Geissler Edward K. , Mack Matthias 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chronic rejection is a major problem in transplantation medicine, largely resistant to therapy, and poorly understood. We have shown previously that basophil-derived IL-4 contributes to fibrosis and vasculopathy in a model of heart transplantation with depletion of CD4+ T cells. However, it is unknown how basophils are activated in the allografts and whether they play a role when cyclosporin A (CsA) immunosuppression is applied. BALB/c donor hearts were heterotopically transplanted into fully MHC-mismatched C57BL/6 recipients and acute rejection was prevented by depletion of CD4+ T cells or treatment with CsA. We found that IL-3 is significantly upregulated in chronically rejecting allografts and is the major activator of basophils in allografts. Using IL-3–deficient mice and depletion of basophils, we show that IL-3 contributes to allograft fibrosis and organ failure in a basophil-dependent manner. Also, in the model of chronic rejection involving CsA, IL-3 and basophils substantially contribute to organ remodeling, despite the almost complete suppression of IL-4 by CsA. In this study, basophil-derived IL-6 that is resistant to suppression by CsA, was largely responsible for allograft fibrosis and limited transplant survival. Our data show that IL-3 induces allograft fibrosis and chronic rejection of heart transplants, and exerts its profibrotic effects by activation of infiltrating basophils. Blockade of IL-3 or basophil-derived cytokines may provide new strategies to prevent or delay the development of chronic allograft rejection.
Comparison of microbial community structures in soils with woody organic amendments and soils with traditional local organic amendments in Ningxia of Northern China
Authors: Li Zhigang , Qiu Kaiyang , Schneider Rebecca L. , Morreale Stephen J. , Xie Yingzhong 
Published: May 2019

Background
Addition of organic amendments has been commonly adopted as a means to restore degraded soils globally. More recently, the use of woody organic amendments has been recognized as a viable method of capturing and retaining water and restoring degraded and desertified soil, especially in semi-arid regions. However, the impacts of woody amendments on soil microbial community structure, versus other traditional organic supplements is less understood.

Methods
Three locally available natural organic materials of different qualities, i.e., cow manure (CM), corn straw (CS), and chipped poplar branches (PB) were selected as treatments in Ningxia, Northern China and compared with control soils. Four microcosms served as replicates for each treatment. All treatments contained desertified soil; treatments with amendments were mixed with 3% (w/w) of one of the above organic materials. After 7 and 15 months from the start of the experiment, soil samples were analyzed for chemical and physical properties, along with biological properties, which included microbial α-diversity, community structure, and relative abundance of microbial phyla.

Results
Both bacterial and fungal α-diversity indices were weakly affected by amendments throughout the experimental period. All amendments yielded different microbial community compositions than the Control soils. The microbial community composition in the CS and PB treatments also were different from the CM treatment. After 15 months of the experiment, CS and PB exhibited similar microbial community composition, which was consistent with their similar soil physical and chemical properties. Moreover, CS and PB also appeared to exert similar effects on the abundance of some microbial taxa, and both of these treatments yield different abundances of microbial taxa than the CM treatment.

Conclusion
New local organic amendment with PB tended to affect the microbial community in a similar way to the traditional local organic amendment with CS, but different from the most traditional local organic amendment with CM in Ningxia, Northern China. Moreover, the high C/N-sensitive, and lignin and cellulose decompose-related microbial phyla increased in CS and PB have benefits in decomposing those incorporated organic materials and improving soil properties. Therefore, we recommend that PB should also be considered as a viable soil organic amendment for future not in Ningxia, but also in other places.
Effect of isolation on coat colour polymorphism of Polynesian rats in Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Authors: van der Geer Alexandra A.E. 
Published: May 2019

Populations of vertebrate species introduced onto islands regularly develop similar phenotypic changes, e.g., larger or smaller body size, shortened limbs, duller coats, as well as behavioural changes such as increased tameness and reduced flight-initiation distance. These changes overlap in part with those associated with the ‘domestication syndrome’, especially tameness and changes in coat patterns, and might indicate a similar neural crest involvement in the concurrent development of multiple phenotypic traits. Here I examine long-term data on free-living populations of wild Polynesian rats from seven mainland countries and 117 islands (n = 3,034), covering the species’ native and introduced range. Mainland populations showed no aberrant coat patterns, with the exception of one albino, whereas aberrant coat patterns were found in 12 island populations. Observed coat colour polymorphisms consisted of leucistic (including singular white patches), melanistic (darkly pigmented) and piebald (mixed) coat patterns. After isolation for at least seven centuries, wild Polynesian rat populations on islands seem to exhibit a trend towards a higher incidence of aberrant coat patterns. These phenotypic changes are here explained as a neutral, non-adaptive process, likely part of the ‘domestication syndrome’ (via the commensal pathway of domestication), in combination with genetic drift, little or no gene flow between the islands and/or the mainland and a relaxed selection (as a result of the weakening or removal of competitor/predator pressure) under commensality.
Assessment of Different Commercially Available Breads and Its Effect on Blood Glucose Levels of Healthy Individuals
Authors: Parmar Bhavana , Sengupta Rupali 
Published: May 2019

Background: Bread is one of the most commonly used breakfast food in India. The consumption also increased tremendously among children and adolescents as well as to some extent among adults. It was found that white bread raises the blood glucose levels and is not considered to be a healthy breakfast option especially for those with diabetes mellitus and those at risk of increased or borderline glucose intolerance.
Aim: To assess different commercially available bread and its effect on Blood Glucose Levels of Healthy Individuals.
Study Design: 5 bread varieties were chosen (namely White, Brown, Multigrain, Oats and Tutty fruity bread). The samples were fed to 30 subjects and their effect on blood glucose was analysed.
Place of Study: The study was conducted in BMN College of Home Science, Matunga, Mumbai, India.
Methodology: A pilot study was conducted on 30 samples to assess the Blood Glucose Levels of each type of bread. The subjects were then given bread-butter and the blood glucose response was re-tested at gap of 1 hour and 2 hour respectively. Each subject was given 5 different varieties of bread for 5 consecutive days i.e. White bread, Brown bread, Multigrain bread, Tutty Fruity bread and Oats bread. White bread is a universal standard, was used as a standard in the study. The average plasma glucose levels were analysed in the study.
Results: The average plasma glucose spike of the standard (White bread) was found to be the highest i.e (131.63 mg/dl). It was observed that oats bread was found to have the lowest spike post 1 hour (103.43mg/dl) while tutty fruity bread exhibited a very high blood glucose response (123.90mg/dl) following the standard white bread.
Conclusion: Investigations proved that oats bread should be consumed by people to mitigate metabolic syndrome due to a stressful lifestyle. Also, a healthy diet and exercise regime to be followed by subjects in the study.
Prophylactic and Curative Potency of Alchornea laxiflora Extract on Plasmodium berghei Infected Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Oluyemi Omoya, Funmilola , Blessing Oloruntuyi, Adedayo 
Published: May 2019

Background: Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in Nigeria and in Africa at large as everyone is at risk of the infection.
Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of Alchornea laxiflora leaf extracts against Plasmodium berghei infected mice.
Materials and Methods: In vivo antimalarial assay on chloroquine-sensitive P. berghei-infected mice was carried out by oral administration of graded doses (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) of methanolic and chloroform extracts using chloroquine and distilled water as positive and negative control respectively. Prophylactic potential in residual infection and curative assay against established infection were tested in P. berghei-infected mice. The assay was performed using 4-day suppressive standard test.
Results: The prophylactic efficacy of methanolic and chloroform leaf extacts showed percentage chemosuppression of 72.37% and 66.32% respectively at oral dose of 600 mg/kg. The methanol leaf extract of A. laxiflora displayed the highest curative activity of percentage chemosuppression of 98.36% at oral dose of 600 mg/kg. The extracts displayed dose-dependent significant (p ≤ 0.05) antiplasmodial activity as compared to the control. Haematological analysis revealed an increase in packed cell volume, red blood cell, haemoglobin and white blood cell counts on dose-dependent manner in the treated mice compared to the negative control mice.
Conclusion: The high suppressive values obtained in this study show that the tested leaf extracts of Alchornea laxiflora might be a good alternative drug for the treatment of malaria infection in Nigeria.
In Vitro Modeling of Nerve–Muscle Connectivity in a Compartmentalized Tissue Culture Device
Authors: Machado Carolina Barcellos , Pluchon Perrine , Harley Peter , Rigby Mark , Sabater Victoria Gonzalez , Stevenson Danielle C. , Hynes Stephanie , Lowe Andrew , Burrone Juan , Viasnoff Virgile , Lieberam Ivo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMotor neurons project axons from the hindbrain and spinal cord to muscle, where they induce myofibre contractions through neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular junctions. Studies of neuromuscular junction formation and homeostasis have been largely confined to in vivo models. In this study, three powerful tools have been merged—pluripotent stem cells, optogenetics, and microfabrication—and an open microdevice is designed in which motor axons grow from a neural compartment containing embryonic stem cell‐derived motor neurons and astrocytes through microchannels to form functional neuromuscular junctions with contractile myofibres in a separate compartment. Optogenetic entrainment of motor neurons in this reductionist neuromuscular circuit enhances neuromuscular junction formation more than twofold, mirroring the activity‐dependence of synapse development in vivo. An established motor neuron disease model is incorporated into the system and it is found that coculture of motor neurons with SOD1G93A astrocytes results in denervation of the central compartment and diminishes myofibre contractions, a phenotype which is rescued by the receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 inhibitor necrostatin. This coculture system replicates key aspects of nerve–muscle connectivity in vivo and represents a rapid and scalable alternative to animal models of neuromuscular function and disease.
Multipoint Defect Synergy Realizing the Excellent Thermoelectric Performance of n‐Type Polycrystalline SnSe via Re Doping
Authors: Ge Zhen‐Hua , Qiu Yang , Chen Yue‐Xing , Chong Xiaoyu , Feng Jing , Liu Zi‐Kui , He Jiaqing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSnSe has attracted much attention due to the excellent thermoelectric (TE) properties of both p‐ and n‐type single crystals. However, the TE performance of polycrystalline SnSe is still low, especially in n‐type materials, because SnSe is an intrinsic p‐type semiconductor. In this work, a three‐step doping process is employed on polycrystalline SnSe to make it n‐type and enhance its TE properties. It is found that the Sn0.97Re0.03Se0.93Cl0.02 sample achieves a peak ZT value of ≈1.5 at 798 K, which is the highest ZT reported, to date, in n‐type polycrystalline SnSe. This is attributed to the synergistic effects of a series of point defects: . In those defects, the compensates for the intrinsic Sn vacancies in SnSe, the acts as a donor, the acts as an acceptor, all of which contribute to optimizing the carrier concentration. Rhenium (Re) doping surprisingly plays dual‐roles, in that it both significantly enhances the electrical transport properties and largely reduces the thermal conductivity by introducing the point defects, . The method paves the way for obtaining high‐performance TE properties in SnSe crystals using multipoint‐defect synergy via a step‐by‐step multielement doping methodology.
Production of Additive‐Free Amorphous Nanoparticles with a SAW‐Based Microfluidic Spray‐Dryer
Authors: Steinacher Mathias , Du Huachuan , Gilbert Duncan , Amstad Esther 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpray‐drying is a widely employed, cost‐effective process to formulate solutions into solid particles of controlled sizes and compositions. In addition, this process can also offer control over the structure of spray‐dried particles: if the solvent is evaporated sufficiently quickly, crystallization of solutes can be kinetically suppressed, resulting in amorphous particles. To achieve the required fast drying of drops and to offer high flexibility in the solvent and solute choice, a surface acoustic wave (SAW)‐based spray‐dryer is introduced that produces drops with diameters of only a few micrometers. These small drops are dried in a dedicated drying unit at room temperature, thereby enabling the fabrication of additive‐free amorphous particles. This device offers an additional advantage: because the formation of drops is decoupled from their drying, chemical reactions can be initiated in drying drops using reactive gases without compromising the robustness of the device operation. This feature is demonstrated on aqueous drops encompassing Ca(OH)2 that are converted into amorphous CaCO3 particles using CO2‐enriched drying air. Because the solvent is evaporated at room temperature, this device offers new possibilities to process heat sensitive samples into powders with well‐defined compositions and unusual structures.
Photonic Paints: Structural Pigments Combined with Water‐Based Polymeric Film‐Formers for Structurally Colored Coatings
Authors: Clough Jess M. , Guimard Elise , Rivet Cindy , Sprakel Joris , Kodger Thomas E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPaints contain at least two components: a colorant and a polymeric binder, dispersed in a fluid medium. The first imparts color to the paint coating, while the second encapsulates the colorant upon drying in a robust polymeric film adherent to the surface substrate. Photonic pigments, inspired by nature's coloration strategy, hold promise as a replacement for toxic and fade‐prone absorptive colorants, most prominently in the fabrication of stable and sustainable water‐based paints. Crucially however, the step to combine photonic pigments with polymeric binders has not yet been taken. Here, a water‐based paint is designed and realized containing both photonic pigments synthesized by a scalable emulsion process and commercial polymeric binders in an aqueous dispersion. The photonic pigments are silica spheres containing a close‐packed array of air pores, of which both the periodicity and degree of long‐range ordering can be controlled to produce pigments of varying colors and degrees of iridescence. The readiness of the photonic paints for application is demonstrated by applying them like traditional paints in homages of famous artistic paintings. These findings should stimulate widespread application of structural pigments as colorants in not only paints but also a variety of industrially important materials, such as plastics, inks, or cosmetics.
Sulfur‐Promoted Synthesis of 2‐Aroylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones by Oxidative Condensation of Anthranilamide and Acetophenones
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Hou Jing‐ya , Retailleau Pascal 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA sulfur‐promoted three‐component reaction of isatoic anhydride, primary aliphatic or aromatic amines, and acetophenones leading to densely substituted 3‐substituted 2‐aroylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones is reported. The key step involves a cascade reaction of selective oxidation of the methyl group of the acetophenones, followed by a condensation with anthranilamides. The scope of the reaction is applicable to the synthesis of tryptanthrin and various 3‐unsubstituted 2‐aroylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones.magnified image