bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Libraries as bureaucracies: a SWOT analysis
Authors: Jordan-Makely Chelsea 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Bureaucracy in libraries is typically presented in terms of six banal characteristics originally identified by the historian Max Weber at the turn of the twentieth century. In some cases, bureaucracy in libraries is seen as a system that might be undone. These characterizations underestimate the power of bureaucracy as a force external and intrinsic to libraries. The purpose of this paper is to reintroduce the topic of libraries as bureaucracies such that library practitioners can identify, question and reform aspects of bureaucracy in libraries.

Design/methodology/approach
A review of literature from the library field and from the social sciences is presented in the framework of a SWOT analysis, such that readers can see bureaucracy in libraries for its strengths and weaknesses, as well as in regards to its external opportunities and threats.

Findings
Bureaucracy is a largely misunderstood and overlooked topic, in all disciplines, including library science. Generally, bureaucracy is presented as a negative and ineffective system operating in the public sector only, though bureaucracies serve many positive purposes and functions in all aspects of society. Bureaucracy cannot be dismantled, though opportunities exist to eliminate its less desirable aspects and effects. In some ways, libraries exemplify bureaucratic thinking, yet in webs, libraries are poised to offset or challenge the harmful effects of bureaucracy in all other aspects of society.

Originality/value
Bureaucracy is seldom considered in library research or in other fields. As such, it is a grossly misunderstood subject. This extensively research paper synthesizes the literature that does exist on the topic, and expands upon it using theory from the social sciences. As such, this paper stands to begin a discussion about how libraries can restructure and respond to change.
Survey of modern language research guides: a window on disciplinary information literacy
Authors: Lehnen Carl A. , Artemchik Terri 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis study aims to use research guides as a window to disciplinary information literacy in the field of modern language studies from a librarian’s point of view. Informed by literature on disciplinary research practices and on library research guides, it analyzes how librarians represent, and teach, an especially rich and multifaceted information landscape.Design/methodology/approachResearchers analyzed the topical coverage, organization, resource emphasis and instructional content of 182 research guides in the field of modern language studies. Data were collected both manually and automatically using a Web scraper. Data were then coded using categories developed by the authors.FindingsGuides focused on language and literature topics, with some interdisciplinary coverage. Guides tended to focus on resources and formats rather than user tasks or instruction. Over two thirds of guides included some type of instruction, primarily focused on locating resources, and a slim majority of instructional topics were specific to modern language studies.Research limitations/implicationsLooking at guides from another field would have allowed for cross-disciplinary comparisons. It is possible that including guides from additional languages or universities would have given different results.Originality/valueAlthough there is significant literature on research guides, few have analyzed how they reflect what information literacy looks like in a particular discipline. This study also contributes to research on information literacy instruction for modern languages and recommends that it be informed by an understanding of disciplinary research practices.
Compound heterozygous missense mutations p.Leu207Pro and p.Tyr544Cys in TGM1 cause a severe form of lamellar ichthyosis
Authors: Takeda Masae , Nomura Toshifumi , Sugiyama Takato , Miyauchi Toshinari , Suzuki Shotaro , Fujita Yasuyuki , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTGM1 is the most common gene responsible for lamellar ichthyosis. Previous studies have suggested that patients with lamellar ichthyosis carrying two missense mutations in TGM1 show significantly less severe phenotypes than those with at least one truncating mutation in TGM1. Here, we report a patient with severe lamellar ichthyosis who was compound heterozygous for TGM1 missense mutations, including a novel one. A 22‐year‐old Japanese man presented with large, dark brown, plate‐like scales on the extremities and small adherent scales on the face and trunk. His other clinical findings included ectropion, hair loss, hypohidrosis, hyperthermia in summer, palmoplantar keratoderma and constriction of the fingers. Dermoscopy revealed accentuated sulci cutis with numerous large keratotic plugs in the cristae cutis. Histologically, orthohyperkeratosis and mild acanthosis were noted. Electron microscopy showed reduced cornified envelope thickness and numerous lipid droplets in the stratum corneum. Mutation analysis revealed the patient to be compound heterozygous for missense mutations, c.620T>C (p.Leu207Pro) and c.1631A>G (p.Tyr544Cys), in TGM1. Furthermore, we showed that TGM1 enzymatic activity was largely absent in his epidermis. These findings led us to diagnose him as having lamellar ichthyosis. This study has two important notions. First, even two missense mutations in TGM1 can cause severe lamellar ichthyosis. Second, this is the first report of dermoscopic findings of lamellar ichthyosis, implicating the obstruction of sweat glands by keratotic plugs in the pathogenesis of hypohidrosis in the disease. In conclusion, this study provides further insights into genotype–phenotype correlations and pathogenesis in lamellar ichthyosis.
The Gravity Module Assembly used in airborne full tensor gradiometry surveys
Authors: Barnes G.J. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn airborne gravity gradiometry, the Gravity Module Assembly is an optional gravimeter unit that is mounted on the same stabilized platform as the Full Tensor Gradiometer. Direct measurements of the gravity field are needed from this device to constrain the long wavelengths when gradient data are integrated mathematically to form high‐resolution gravity fields. The Gravity Module Assembly is, however, capable of providing independent gravity data with a specification approaching that expected from a dedicated airborne gravity system. Presented here is an error analysis of data from this instrument collected alongside the Full Tensor Gradiometer during an airborne survey. By having both gradiometry and gravity datasets, comparisons of the information content in these two types of measurement are made.
Evaluation of Nutritional Compositions, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activities of Shanxi Aged Vinegars During the Aging Process
Authors: Xia Ting , Yao Jiahui , Zhang Jin , Duan Wenhui , Zhang Bo , Xie Xiaolin , Xia Menglei , Song Jia , Zheng Yu , Wang Min 
Published: October 2018

AbstractShanxi aged vinegar (SAV) is known as famous fermented food in China. During the brewing process, a large number of nutritional substances and bioactive compounds are produced, which have beneficial effects on human body. In this study, the contents of nutritional compositions including proteins, fats, carbohydrates, organic acids, and amino acids were determined in SAV samples. The antioxidant compounds and properties of SAV with different aging time were also evaluated. The results showed that the contents of proteins, crude fats, and carbohydrates in SAV were not changed with the aging time. Moreover, Alanine was the main component of amino acids in SAV, and the total contents of amino acids were increased with the aging time. Acetic acid and lactic acid were the predominant organic acids in SAV. The contents of acetic acid and lactic acid accounted for more than 90% of the total organic acids in SAV, which were increased during the aging process of 5 years. Furthermore, total phenols, flavonoids contents, and browning index in SAV were also increased during the aging time. These antioxidant compounds showed a high correlation with the antioxidant activities of SAV measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2’‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthi azoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) assays. The contribution of polyphenolic fractions and high molecular weight melanoidins to total antioxidant activities was similar (about 49% and 48%, respectively). Our findings would provide new insights to further explore the development of new vinegar‐based functional foods.Practical ApplicationThe analysis of nutritional compositions, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacities in vinegars provides a theoretical basis for the function of SAV. It also provides references for further explore the development of new‐type functional and healthy vinegars.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound in rural New Zealand: Safety, quality and impact on patient management
Authors: Nixon Garry , Blattner Katharina , Koroheke‐Rogers Marara , Muirhead Jillian , Finnie Wendy L. , Lawrenson Ross , Kerse Ngaire 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety, quality and impact of point‐of‐care ultrasound on patient management when performed by rural generalist doctors.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive study.SettingSix rural small hospitals serving a range of communities in rural New Zealand.ParticipantsAll generalist doctors practising ultrasound in the study hospitals.Main outcome measuresTechnical quality, accuracy, impact on diagnostic certainty, patient disposition and overall patient care.ResultParticipants correctly interpreted 90% of images and a similar percentage of point‐of‐care ultrasound findings when compared with the results of formal imaging or the final diagnosis. In total, 87% of scans contributed to the diagnostic process, changing the diagnostic probability. There was a 4% overall reduction in the number of patients needing hospital admission or transfer to an urban base hospital. The overall impact on patient care was positive for 71% of point‐of‐care ultrasound scans. Three percent of scans had the potential for patient harm.ConclusionRural generalists’ practise a broad scope of point‐of‐care ultrasound that, when used as a part of the full clinical assessment, has a positive impact on patient care, improving diagnostic certainty and reducing the need for hospital admission and inter‐hospital transfer. There are challenges in learning and maintaining the skills needed to practise a high standard of point‐of‐care ultrasound in this context. Further consideration needs to be given to the development safe scopes of practice, training, credentialing and quality assurance.
Vancomycin hemodialysis: Clearance differences between high‐flux hemodialysis and on‐line hemodiafiltration
Authors: Rodríguez Néstor , Gómez Miquel , Rico Naira , María Campistol Josep , Maduell Francisco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the differences between vancomycin clearance (Kd) with high‐flux hemodialysis (HFHD) and on‐line hemodiafiltration (OL‐HDF). The OL‐HDF therapy combined the diffusion and convective transport of solutes. To compare the Kd, a vancomycin loading dose of 1 g was administered intravenously post‐dialysis to 11 chronic and anuric (<100 mL/24 h) hemodialysis patients, undergoing HFHD and post‐dilutional OL‐HDF in consecutive therapies. Additional doses of 0.5 g were administered after 45 minutes at the end of each dialysis therapy during antibiotic treatment. Blood samples were drawn from arterial and venous lines at the start of hemodialysis sessions and at the first, second, third, and fourth hours. Additional samples were drawn at 15, 30, and 45 minutes after the end of dialysis therapy. Vancomycin plasma concentration, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and β2‐microglobulin were measured. The patients’ hydration status was evaluated by bioimpedance analysis. The mean of vancomycin dialyzer clearance (Kddc) calculated was 110.8 ± 15 mL/min with HFHD and 146.8 ± 13.8 mL/min with OL‐HDF (P = 0.025). Significant differences were also obtained for β2‐microglobulin clearance, Kddc 72.6 ± 15.4 mL/min with HFHD and 113.4 ± 24.2 mL/min with OL‐HDF (P = 0.012), whereas no differences were found for BUN or creatinine. Additionally, to analyze differences between HFHD and OL‐HDF, a variable volume dual pool mathematical model was developed to estimate the body clearance (Kdbc), extraction mass (Me), and inter‐compartment mass‐transfer coefficient (K12) of each molecule. A higher vancomycin Kddc with OL‐HDF produced by convection improved removal of antibiotic; this can compromise achieving a therapeutic concentration target. We recommended evaluating increased loading doses of vancomycin and avoiding administration during OL‐HDF to assure adequate treatment.
Bargained Equality: The Strengths and Weaknesses of Workplace Gender Equality Agreements and Plans in France
Authors: Milner Susan , Demilly Hélène , Pochic Sophie 
Published: October 2018

Abstract‘Bargained equality’ reflects wider characteristics of French employment relations whereby state‐driven collective bargaining is a major mode of regulation but is based on weak workplace bargaining cultures outside the largest firms. This article focuses on duties on French employers to bargain on gender equality. It presents findings of a project evaluating workplace agreements and plans on gender equality, based on a sample of 186 agreements submitted in 2014–2015, in 10 sectors, and in‐depth interviews in 20 companies. Despite a rise in formal compliance due to stronger enforcement since 2012, our analysis shows that most companies submitting plans or agreements do not systematically address quantitative measurement of pay or other gender gaps. As well as sectoral differences, the analysis also identifies ‘generational effects’: processes of change which occur as collective agreements expire and are replaced are dependent on local dynamics of bargaining. Based on this analysis, we argue that attention should be paid to the resources available to local bargaining actors, in order to promote an equality agenda.
There and Back Again: The De‐Licensing and Re‐Licensing of Barbers in Alabama
Authors: Timmons Edward J. , Thornton Robert J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe economic effects of occupational licensing remain an understudied topic, but even less is known about the effects of the removal of licensing legislation. In this article, we take advantage of a natural experiment that occurred in the state of Alabama. Alabama was the last state to begin licensing barbers in 1973 and also the only state to de‐license barbers (in 1983). Relying on data from 1974 to 1994, we find evidence that barber de‐licensing reduced the average annual earnings of barbers as well as the number of cosmetologist employees per million residents in Alabama, although not all our results are statistically significant. We also find evidence that de‐licensing resulted in small increases in the number of barber shops and decreases in the number of cosmetology shops in Alabama. In recent decades, a number of attempts have been made to re‐license the occupation — most recently with a barber licensing bill that became law in September 2013. The result is that barbering in Alabama is once again a licensed occupation. Our limited evidence suggests that the re‐licensing of barbers in Alabama may already have had an effect on pay and on the number of barber shops.
The role of the unfolded protein response in cancer progression: From oncogenesis to chemoresistance
Authors: Madden Emma , Logue Susan E. , Healy Sandra J. , Manie Serge , Samali Afshin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTumour cells endure both oncogenic and environmental stresses during cancer progression. Transformed cells must meet increased demands for protein and lipid production needed for rapid proliferation and must adapt to exist in an oxygen‐ and nutrient‐deprived environment. To overcome such challenges, cancer cells exploit intrinsic adaptive mechanisms such as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is a pro‐survival mechanism triggered by accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a condition referred to as ER stress. IRE1, PERK and ATF6 are three ER anchored transmembrane receptors. Upon induction of ER stress, they signal in a coordinated fashion to re‐establish ER homoeostasis, thus aiding cell survival. Over the past decade, evidence has emerged supporting a role for the UPR in the establishment and progression of several cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer and glioblastoma multiforme. This review discusses our current knowledge of the UPR during oncogenesis, tumour growth, metastasis and chemoresistance.
Women's perceptions of body mass index
Authors: Holliday C. P. , Holliday N. P. , Mulekar M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWomen may not have an accurate perception of their own body weight and vary in understanding about healthy weight. The study's aim was to assess women's accuracy of their own body mass index (BMI), understanding of the healthiest body weight and opinion of the most attractive body figure. We surveyed 385 women (age, 19–77 years) attending our obstetrics and gynaecology clinics with an anonymous survey demonstrating a selection of Body Image Scale graphics to represent their current body, the healthiest body and the most attractive body. There was a significant positive correlation between Body Image Scale graphic selected and BMI (r = 0.80; P < 0.0001). The selected Body Image Scale graphic was accurate or within 1 graphic higher or lower than BMI in 88% of participants. The mean BMI of women accurately selecting the appropriate graphic (BMI, 29 ± 8 kg m−2) was significantly lower than that of women selecting the graphic lower than their BMI (BMI, 37 ± 7 kg m−2) but was significantly higher than those selecting a graphic higher than their BMI (BMI, 25 ± 4 kg m−2). For healthiest figure, 58% women selected a graphic representing overweight BMI and 2% women selected a graphic with Class 1 obesity. For most attractive figure, 48% women selected a graphic representing normal BMI, 49% women selected a graphic representing overweight BMI and 1% of women selected a graphic with Class 1 obesity. It is important to provide counselling about ideal weight, healthy lifestyle choices and consequences of obesity.
Attitudinal and behavioural responses to increasing tobacco control regulation among high smoking prevalence groups: A qualitative study
Authors: Parnell Ashleigh , Box Emily , Biagioni Nicole , Bonevski Billie , Coffin Juli , Slevin Terry , Anwar‐McHenry Julia , Pettigrew Simone 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsDespite substantial reductions in smoking prevalence in many countries, rates remain high among people who are experiencing disadvantage. This study aimed to explore attitudinal and behavioural responses to population‐wide tobacco control policies among Australian smokers experiencing disadvantage.Design and MethodsSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 84 smokers attending community service organisations in the mental health, homelessness, and alcohol and other drug sectors. Interviewees discussed various tobacco control policies (tobacco taxes, smoke‐free areas, plain packaging and graphic health warnings). The interview transcriptions were coded and thematically analysed.ResultsResponses to tobacco taxes were mixed. Some interviewees reported smoking less as a result of price increases, while others reallocated funds from other budget areas. Many perceived smoke‐free area policies as effective, although some described strategies they use to circumvent this policy, thereby diminishing its effectiveness. Plain packaging and graphic warnings were perceived as being least effective.Discussion and ConclusionsWhile tobacco control policies can elicit intended attitudinal and behavioural responses, additional efforts are needed to enhance their effectiveness among smokers experiencing disadvantage. Future efforts to reduce smoking rates should address responses that diminish policy effectiveness among groups exhibiting high smoking prevalence. This could be achieved through strategies that address the specific needs of these groups, such as providing additional cessation support, enforcing existing smoke‐free policies in ways that minimise inequitable effects, and addressing self‐exempting beliefs.
The Politics of Development Metrics and Measurement: Impact Evaluations in Fairtrade‐certified Plantation Agriculture
Authors: Lyall Angus , Havice Elizabeth 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis article presents an analysis of impact evaluations in the case of Fairtrade International in order to track the political effects of metrics and measurement procedures in development practice today. Metrics or ‘indicators’ have long been understood to have the effect of transforming the political visions of socioeconomic change that shape development interventions into seemingly non‐contentious, technical models. The common practice among development organizations of using such metrics as evidence of apolitical, technical development outcomes has wide‐ranging implications for the field of development and for development subjects. The article explores two specific implications by detailing impact evaluations on three Fairtrade‐certified cut‐flower plantations, which Fairtrade International contracted to inform a 2014 revision of its certification standards. The authors find, first, that debates over competing visions or definitions of development became concealed in technical debates over adequate metrics and measurements; and, second, that such debates over metrics and measurement consolidated the roles of experts and expert knowledge as mediators of what development can or should be. These findings enhance prior critiques of the supposed neutrality of development metrics by illustrating empirically how the processes of defining metrics and measurement conceal and circumscribe political debates over the meaning and making of development practice.
Inferior vena cava assessment can predict contrast‐induced nephropathy in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization: A single‐center prospective study
Authors: Gungoren Fatih , Besli Feyzullah , Tanriverdi Zulkif , Demirbag Recep 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundContrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) following cardiac catheterization remains a considerable clinic challenge. Volume status is very important in the development of CIN. It can be assessed noninvasively by measuring inferior vena cava (IVC) diameters. The aim of this study was to assess whether IVC can be used for prediction of CIN in patient undergoing cardiac catheterization.MethodsA total of 269 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were prospectively enrolled in this study. IVC inspiratory and expiratory diameters were measured by transthoracic echocardiography. Caval index was calculated as the percentage decrease in the IVC diameter during respiration. CIN was defined as a ≥0.5 mg/dL and/or a ≥25% increase in serum creatinine within 72 hour post‐procedure.ResultsContrast‐induced nephropathy developed in 46 (17.1%) patients after cardiac catheterization. Caval index was significantly higher in patients with CIN than in patients without CIN (47% [40–64] vs 35% [26–50], P < 0.001). In addition, the used contrast volume (145 [90–217] vs 70 [60–100], P < 0.001) and the frequency of percutaneous coronary intervention (50% vs 17.9%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with CIN than in patients without CIN. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, caval index ≥ 41% predicted CIN with a specificity of 69% and sensitivity of 72%. Multivariate analysis indicated that caval index ≥ 41% was an independent predictor of post‐procedural CIN development (OR: 3.367, 95% CI: 1.574–7.203, P = 0.002).ConclusionsCaval index, a simple and noninvasive echocardiographic marker, is an independent predictor of post‐procedural CIN development in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.