bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Calcium Ions in the Activation of Blood Platelets
Authors: Massini P. 
Published: June 2019

The plasma membrane of the resting platelet is only slightly permeable to Ca2+-ions. Stimulation of platelets with thrombin or other activators induces an increased influx of 45Ca. The influx occurs simultaneously with the release of serotonin. The “Ca influx is inhibited when the energy supply of the platelets has been interrupted. Stimulation with thrombin increases the efflux of 46Ca in platelets which have been labelled with 45Ca for 24 hours.Ionophores for divalent cations (X-537 A, A 23187) induce the release reaction, aggregation, clot retraction and rapid shape change. The release reaction does not require external Ca2+-ions whereas clot retraction depends on a Ca2+-eontaining medium.These results strongly suggest that the reactivity of platelets to external stimuli is primarily mediated by an increase of the cytoplasmic concentration of Ca2+-ions.
Platelet Interaction with Tumor Cells
Authors: Gasic G. , Gasic T. , Hsu B. , Koch P. , Niewiarowski S. 
Published: June 2019

Previous investigations demonstrated that mouse tumors cause platelet aggregation (PA) and increase platelet turnover. Depletion of platelets by neuraminidase and inhibition of PA by aspirin reduced the munber of metastases (Gasic et al., Int. J. Cancer 11, 704, 1973). The purpose of this investigation was to study further interaction of cells from various mouse and human tumors with platelets. Cells of 7 mouse tumors (1 mammary adenocarcinomas, 5 sarcomas, I melanoma) and 14 human tumors (8 breast, 3 colonic adenocarcinomas, 1 cancer of the ureter, 1 Wilms tumor, and 1 neuroblastoma) aggregated homologous platelets suspended in heparinized plasma. Three mouse tumors (2 mammary and 1 sarcoma) and 5 human tumors (2 breast, 1 sarcoma, 1 Wilms, and 1 neuroblastoma) did not. PA was accompanied by the release of radio-activity from 14C-serotonin labeled platelets (range 15–90%). PA activity was not correlated with fibrinolytic or procoagulant activity. The contribution of plasminogen activators, thrombin, and tumor immune complexes has been excluded. However, gamma globulin of tumor bearing mice contained a “blocking factor” which delayed PA. Since enzymatic removal of ADP reduced PA it is possible that the ADP release either by tumors or by platelets played a contributory role. The pattern of PA by tumor cells rossembled that induced by collagen. Indeed preliminary evidence suggests that collagen-like material associated with tumor cells might be involved in platelet adherence to these cells and subsequent aggregation.(Supported by NIH Grants CA-15728, HL 14217. HL 15226, and by a Univ. of Penna.’s General Research Support Grant.)
Quantitative Estimation of Thrombin-Antithrombin III and Plasmin-Alpha1-Antiplasmin Complexes in Human Plasma
Authors: Collen D. 
Published: June 2019

During activation of the coagulation or fibrinolytic system in human plasma neo-antigens evolve, associated with the thrombin-antithrombin III (T-AT) and plasmin-α1-antiplasmin (P-AP) complexes (D. Collen and P. De Cock, Thromb, Res., 5, 777, 1974), A tanned red cell hemagglutination inhibition immunoassay (TRCHII) has been adapted to the quantitation of these complexes in plasma. Experiments with partially absorbed antisera revealed that fresh plasma had a titer of 4 to 32 in the TRCHII for T-AT and of 4 to 16 in the TRCHII for P-AP. Serum reacted 8 to 16 times better than plasma in the TRCHII for T-AT and urokinase activated plasma 32 to 128 times better than plasma in the TRCHII for P-AP.During streptokinase (SK) therapy in 3 patients (infusion of 600,000 HI Kabikinase® over 30 min) a marked increase in the P-AP complex titer, approaching or equalling that of the subject’s plasma activated in vitro with urokinase, was observed at the end of the SK infusion. The titer remained high during the first three hours and was still higher than the pre-infusion value after 24 hours, suggesting that this complex has a half-life of several hours in vivo. During reptilase therapy in 3 patients (infusion of 2 ml Defibrase® over 1 hour) the P-AP complex titer increased gradually but submaximally over a period of several hours and remained elevated for at least 48 hours, indicating that the plasminogen consumption observed during reptilase therapy is due, at least in part, to a secondary fibrinolytic response.Further studies to show whether these assays can be converted to rapid, simple and specific tests for the diagnosis of low grade or regional in vivo coagulation or fibrinolysis in clinical conditions are in progress.
A Controlled Clinical Trial of Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients Undergoing Aortocoronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: McEnany M. T. , Mundth E. D. , Weintraub R. M. , DeSanctis R. W. , Harthorne J. W. , Gates S. , Daggett W. M. , Buckley M. J. , Austen W. G. , Salzman E. W. 
Published: June 2019

Over 25,000 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures, involving more than 50,000 saphenous vein grafts, are performed yearly in the United States. The recognized one-year graft failure rate of 20-30% would imply thrombosis of at least 5,000 vein grafts per year. To improve graft patency rates, we have investigated the benefits of aspirin (ASA), warfarin (Coumadin®), or placebo in a randomized prospective study involving 216 patients undergoing CABG operations. A total of 412 vein grafts were performed. Clinical and angiographic follow-up at 1 to 2 years after operation is not yet completed, but preliminary results show 71% of grafts patent in ASA-treated patients, 64% in warfarin-treated patients, and 52% in the placebo group. 89% of warfarin-treated patients have at least one graft patent compared with 73% of placebo- and 75% of ASA-treated patients. The incidence of late myocardial infarctions has been lower in warfarin-treated (1.4%) and ASA-treated (4%) patients than in the placebo group (8%). Relief from angina is also markedly improved in treated groups, with 44% of ASA-treated and 56% of warfarin-treated patients angina free, compared to 27% of patients in the placebo group. There have been only 4 cardiac-related deaths, (3 in the placebo group and 1 in the ASA group). Eight patients were dropped from the study because of drugrelated problems. Four patients bled on warfarin therapy, one ASA patient bled, while two had ASA-allergic reactions and one developed gastritis. Follow-up is continuing.Preliminary results suggest that antithrombotic therapy is feasible in CABG patients and appears to promote graft patency, relieve angina pectoris and increase longevity.
Platelet Survival and Platelet Production in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Bergström A.-L. , Kutti J. 
Published: June 2019

In 16 patients (3 males and 13 females) with SLE platelet survival and platelet production were determined. At the time of study 3 patients received no therapy, 10 were treated with corticosteroids, and the remaining 3 received corticosteroids and azathioprin. The control group consists of 21 healthy male volunteers. In all experiments autologous platelets labelled with 51Cr were employed.The mean peripheral platelet count for the SLE patients was 222,000/μl, range 122,000-347,000/μl. In this group the mean for platelet mean life span (MLS) was 6.8±0,3 (S. E.), range 5.5-9.7 days, and did not differ from the mean for the controls (6.9±0.3 days). In the SLE group the mean platelet turnover was 49,000 ±8,000/μl/day. The corresponding value for the controls was 43,000 ± 3,000/μl/day. The values for platelet MLS and platelet turnover in SLE patients were not related to given therapy.Previously it has been suggested that a state of compensated thrombocytolysis is present i SLE. Our results could, however, not confirm this.
Activation of Human Platelets by Endotoxin
Authors: Das John , Ausprunk Dianna , Folkman Judah 
Published: June 2019

Endotoxin-like activity (ELA) can be detected in platelets in human Gram-negative sepsis1. With our photometric version of the Limulus test, we quantified the ELA of platelets in 12 children with gastroenteritis of Gram-negative origin. 5 severe cases had thrombocytopenia (41 × 103/μl), and an ELA-equivalent of 10.4 ± 6.9 ng in platelets from 1 ml PRP; 4 died of DIC. 7 patients wore moderately ill, with platelets 138 × 103/μl, and an ELA of 5.3 ± 3.9 ng. In fi controls with a background platelet-ELA of 1.9 ng, incubation with endotoxin (50 ng/ml PRP) raised the ELA by 3 ng. In the one infant surviving severe enteritis, a similar incubation raised the platelet-ELA by 16 ng, the platelet count being 26 × 103/μl. In DIC, we routinely find platelet-ELA at 20 ng and platelet counts of 25 χ 103/μl. In in-vitro EM studies, endotoxin complexed with Cu2+ adhered to human platelet surfaces; pseudopods and degranulation were also seen along with fragmentation of endotoxin particles. The membrane changes suggested peroxidation.We postulate that endotoxin adheres to an activates human platelets to release materials with procoagulant properties in the Limulus test, and capable of precipitating DIC. As sensitized platelets are phagocytized by the RES, platelets may prove to be a system for clearing circulating endotoxin.
1 Das, Schwartz and Folkman: Surgery 74, 235, 1973.
The Interaction of Factor V with Human Blood Platelets
Authors: Breederveld K. , Giddings J. , Cate J. W. ten , Bloom A. L. 
Published: June 2019

The coagulant activity of gel filtered human platelets in the factor V assay is low. Lysis of these platelets by repeated freezing and thawing exposes a high coagulant activity, which is due to liberation of the factor V molecule from the damaged cells. Freezing and thawing of gel filtered platelets of a severe factor V deficient patient did not expose any coagulant activity.Supernatants of centrifugated gel filtered platelet lysates contained specific factor V-antibody neutralizing capacity.Fluorescence of normal platelets with FITC conjugated with sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin was inhibited by previous incubation of rabbit anti factor V-antibody with lysates of gel filtered normal platelets.It is postulated, based upon these facts that factor V is localized intracellularly.During collagen-induced aggregation of gel filtered normal platelets, endogenous serotonin is released within ten seconds, in contrast to factor V, which is slowly liberated, parallel with pf-3 activity.
The Activation of Factor VII
Authors: Gonggrijp R. , Hemker H. C. 
Published: June 2019

Native factor VII (F. VIIn) can be activated by thromboplastin or by the kallikrein-system. This gives rise to two different forms of activated factor VII. We thus discern Factor VIIn, cold activated factor VII (C.P.A-F. VIIa) and thromboplastin activated factor VII (T-F. VIIa).We developed one- and two-stage assays that distinguish between these forms and we tried to establish their interrelationship.T-F. VIIa could be obtained in a form devoid of lipid components and still clearly distinguishable both from factor VIIn and from C.P.A.-F. VIIa. It activates factor X in a thromboplastin-independent process, whereas C.P.A.-F. VIIa is unable to do so.The difference between F. VIIn and C.P.A.-F. VIIa is that the latter is converted into T-F. VIIa much more quickly in a process that shows less species specificity with regard to the type of thromboplastin used.No differences could be seen between T-F. VIIa obtained from V, VIIn directly or via C.P.A.-F. VIIa.
Preparation of Highly Purified Human Thrombin and Factor Xa in a Simultainous Procedure
Authors: Miller-Andersson M. 
Published: June 2019

A preparation procedure that purifies Thrombin and activated factor X in a simultainous process has been worked out. Prothrombin complex was first prepared from fresh frozen plasma by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. Prothrombin activator was prepared from human brain thromboplastin and bovine serum factors. The activation was performed at 20° C and followed by assaying thrombin activity. After activation the brain material was removed by centrifugation. The protein mixture was immediately adsorbed on to Amberlite IRC-50 and both enzymes were fully adsorbed to the resin. They were eluted in a CaCl2 gradient and the two enzymes eluted in two slightly owerlapping peaks.The thrombin obtained in this procedure was highly purified with a specific activity of 2100 U per mg protein. The activated factor X contained traces of thrombin. It was fully suitable for anti Xa assays of heparin. When higher degree of purity was needed the activated factor X was further purified in an iron-exchange or affinity chromatography step.
Mechanism of Platelet Dependent Retraction of Reptilase Clots
Authors: Kubisz P. , Suranová J. 
Published: June 2019

Effects of agents affecting cyclic AMP and microtubule function.Human platelets stimulated by ADP or collagen caused retraction of fibrin formed in the presence of highly purified Bothrops atrox thrombin like enzyme (Reptilase®).Incubation of normal human platelets with compounds increasing cyclic AMP levels in the cells or with exogenous db-cyclic AMP, reduced considerably or almost completely (depending on the concentration and incubation time) the retraction of ADP-, or collagen — reptilase clots. This type of retraction requires the presence of Ca2+ - ions and is strongly influenced by the agents which directly affect the platelet microtubules.The data suggest that this manifestation of platelet contractile activity depend upon functional state of microtubular structures and may be modulated by the platelet cyclic AMP/Ca2+ ratio.
Competitive Investigations to the Development of Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MHA) in two Different Animal Tumors
Authors: Klein P. J. , Schunn H. , Schaefer H. E. , Lacroix W. Féaux de , Fischer R. 
Published: June 2019

The MHA, characterized by schistocytes in blood smears, is mainly due to fibrin strands in the micro vasculature and can be one cause of anemia in patients with metastasing tumors or tumors forming atypical vessels. The relationship between MHA and tumor grwoth was analysed in a transplantable hemangioendothelioma and a transplantable mamma-carcinoma of the mouse.The investigations have shown, that the degree of MHA was correlated with the extent of microangiopathy including thrombosis within the nonmetastasing tumors. The following parameters were used for MHA: Fall of thrombocytes, increase of schistocytes in blood smear, hemoglobinemia, hyperbilirubinemia and siderosis of the kidneys. Additionally, the morphological signs of MHA were re electron-microscopically observed in the hemangioendothelioma.The results have shown parallels to the MHA in cancer patients.
Haemophilia in a Girl with XX/XXX Mosaicism
Authors: Kernoff P. B. A. , Fieldhouse G. , Williams J. , McNicol G. P. 
Published: June 2019

Investigations performed on a 17 yr. old girl with factor VIII deficiency indicated haemophilia rather than von Willebrand’s disease. She had a life-long history of defective haemostasis but was otherwise normal and had normal menstruation. There was no definite family history of a bleeding disorder. She had a low level of factor VIII clotting activity (12%) but normal factor VIII-related antigen (126%), bleeding time, ristocetin aggregation of platelets in PRP, ristocetin co-factor and platelet glass bead adhesion. There was no evidence of circulating anti-VIII. Following transfusion of cryoprecipitate there was an immediate rise and then rapid fall-off in the level of factor VIII clotting activity (50% disappearance time about 11.5 hours). Levels of antigen paralleled these changes.Chromosomal analysis of peripheral lymphocytes showed 46XX/47XXX mosaicism. It is suggested that the clinical expression of haemophilia was due to this chromosomal abnormality, the pathophysiology of which probably included non-dysjunction of a haemophilia-carrying X chromosome.
Sonographic Diagnosis of Neonatal Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Sawhney Harpreet , Sharma Pranav , Soin Priti , Pirreca Caitlin , Schwartz Dana , Kochar Puneet Singh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon but fatal disease in the pediatric age group, with a neonatal preponderance. The clinical presentation is nonspecific. Within the first 48 hours, the neonate usually presents with nonspecific signs such as respiratory distress, poor tone, and asphyxia. Neurological signs such as seizures, lethargy, apnea, and poor feeding set in later. We present the case of a neonatal CVT, presenting as asphyxia and respiratory depression on day 1 of life. CVT was diagnosed on neonatal cranial ultrasound. The patient died 3 days later.
The signal and the noise
Authors: Bialystok Ellen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Studies on the effect of bilingualism on executive functioning have sometimes failed to find significant differences between performance of monolingual and bilingual young adults. This paper examines the interpretation of these null findings and considers the role of three factors: definition of bilingualism, appropriateness of statistical procedures and interpretations, and the range of data considered. The conclusion is that a correct interpretation of this important issue will require careful consideration of all the data and scrupulous attention to design details.
Prematurity, executive functions and language
Authors: Pérez-Pereira Miguel , Peralbo Manuel , Veleiro Vidal Alberto 
Published: June 2019

This chapter aims to compare language development and executive functions (EFs) in healthy preterm (PT) and full-term (FT) children, and to explore the influence of EFs and other factors on language abilities. One group of 111 low-risk PT children and another group of 34 FT children were followed from 4 to 5 years of age, and predictors of language abilities were analysed. The PT children in our study did not obtain significantly lower results than the FT children in any EF task. Cognitive score was the main predictor of linguistic results. EFs, verbal memory and non-verbal working memory in particular, had a moderately significant effect on morphosyntactic production and on grammar understanding. The results seem to reinforce the declarative/procedural model.
Word segmentation and mapping in early word learning
Authors: Bosch Laura , Teixidó Maria , Agut Quijano Thais 
Published: June 2019

Comparative study with infants differing in gestational age at birth, tested on a dual word segmentation and mapping task with natural language passages and visual cues to facilitate word extraction and word-referent association, two abilities linked to vocabulary building. Infants were tested at 9 months corrected age for gestation, with preterm infants having longer language experience than full-terms, but similar maturational age. Only full terms succeeded on the word mapping test. While visual cues were expected to facilitate word extraction, unsuccessful mapping is possibly related to the cognitive demands of the task, requiring simultaneous processes for the young learner. Differences in language development levels were also identified, suggesting a complex interplay of factors behind preterm infants’ early language learning skills.
Recommendations for controlling Newcastle disease virus by producing a highly efficient vaccine.
Authors: Liu HaiJin Liu HaiJin , Almeida R. S. de , Teng QingYuan Teng QingYuan , Albina E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent avian avulavirus 1, is a serious poultry disease and a major threat for the poultry industry. Vaccination is the most effective way to control the disease. However, there are still ND outbreaks occurring all around the world despite large-scale immunization, which suggests current vaccination programmes need to be improved for better prevention. Since the efficiency of vaccine is easily affected by the quality of antigens, the interference of maternally-derived antibodies (MDA) and the immunization programme, this review focuses on directions to improve viral thermal stability, circumvent MDA interference and antigenotype match between vaccine and wild strains with a view to increasing the efficiency of ND vaccination.
Theory and simulations of spherical and cylindrical Langmuir probes in non-Maxwellian plasmas
Authors: Darian D , Marholm S , Mortensen M , Miloch W J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The collected current by spherical and cylindrical Langmuir probes immersed in an unmagnetized and collisionless non-Maxwellian plasma at rest are theoretically studied, and analytical expressions for the currents of attracted and repelled plasma particles are presented. We consider Kappa, Cairns and the generalized Kappa–Cairns distributions as possible models for the velocity field in the plasma. The current–voltage characteristics curves are displayed and discussed. Furthermore, comparisons with the collected currents in Maxwellian plasmas are given. The results of Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations of spherical and cylindrical probes in non-Maxwellian plasmas are also presented, and compared with the theoretical expressions. The results for the collected currents by the Langmuir probes obtained by PIC simulations are in good agreement with the corresponding analytical expressions.
Comparison of the cobas Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) Test Using the cobas 4800 System With COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 Test and Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Assay and Performance Evaluation of cobas HIV-1
Authors: Shin Kyung-Hwa , Lee Hyun-Ji , Lee Jin Hyeon , Chang Chulhun L , Kim Hyung-Hoi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To compare quantified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load quantified using the cobas HIV-1 test with that obtained using the CAP/CTM HIV-1 and Abbott RealTime HIV-1 tests and evaluate the performance of cobas HIV-1 using the cobas 4800 system.

Methods
Clinical samples (n = 123) were quantitatively analyzed using the CAP/CTM HIV-1, Abbott RealTime HIV-1, and cobas HIV-1 tests, and the precision, linearity, and limit of detection of the cobas HIV-1 test were evaluated.

Results
Comparable results were obtained by both methods: ([log CAP/CTM HIV-1 value] = 0.979 * [log cobas HIV-1 test value] + 0.034) and ([log Abbott RealTime HIV-1 value] = 0.985 * [log cobas HIV-1 test value] + 0.027). cobas HIV-1 test results for 89.4% and 93.5% were within 0.5 log10 IU/mL of the CAP/CTM HIV-1 and Abbott RealTime HIV-1 results, respectively.

Conclusions
The cobas HIV-1 test showed good performance, and its results correlated well with those of other two tests.