bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of class 2 malocclusion by corrective osteotomy using two short locking compression plates
Authors: Spoormakers T. J. P. , Wiemer P. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo describe a symphyseal osteotomy stabilised with two short locking compression plates (LCPs) for treatment of class 2 malocclusions.Study designCase series.MethodsFive horses (age range 8 months to 5¾ years) with overjets and/or overbites ranging from 6 to 32 mm and from 0 to 60 mm, respectively, were treated by osteotomy through the caudal third of the mandibular symphysis, cranial to the interdental space. After cranial distraction and ventral rotation of the rostral part of the mandible, two short (5/6 hole), bent 3.5 mm LCPs were applied ventro‐laterally and secured with two or three locking screws on each side of the osteotomy. In one case, the osteotomy gap was filled with bone marrow.ResultsFinal outcome was good to excellent. Two cases needed a second corrective surgery, one because of non‐occlusion of the cheek teeth and another because of abaxial deviation of the rostral portion of the mandible. In three cases with a persistent fistula, LCPs were removed after bridging; drainage resolved and wounds healed. The time to bridging of the osteotomy gap ranged from 2 to 6.5 months. The procedure is technically challenging. It is important that the incisors are well aligned, which proved to be difficult when there was an abnormal maxillary incisor arcade. Incisors should not make contact when LCPs are fixed. The cheek teeth, however, should have good occlusion after positioning and fixation of the LCPs. Endodontic treatment of open incisor pulp cavities may be helpful.Main limitationsThe study population was small and relatively heterogeneous in severity. A larger population with more severe cases might have allowed for a more definitive assessment of the value of the technique for clinical practice.ConclusionsThis technique can be used to achieve a good correction for class 2 malocclusions. The approach provides adequate stability with smaller implants than other published techniques that require transection of both rami. The technique is less invasive and preserves the roots of the incisors and cheek teeth, as well as the mandibular canal.
A century of climate and land‐use change cause species turnover without loss of beta diversity in California’s Central Valley
Authors: MacLean Sarah A. , Rios Dominguez Andrea F. , de Valpine Perry , Beissinger Steven R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractClimate and land‐use changes are thought to be the greatest threats to biodiversity, but few studies have directly measured their simultaneous impacts on species distributions. We used a unique historic resource—early 20th‐century bird surveys conducted by Joseph Grinnell and colleagues—paired with contemporary resurveys a century later to examine changes in bird distributions in California's Central Valley, one of the most intensively modified agricultural zones in the world and a region of heterogeneous climate change. We analyzed species‐ and community‐level occupancy using multispecies occupancy models that explicitly accounted for imperfect detection probability, and developed a novel, simulation‐based method to compare the relative influences of climate and land‐use covariates on site‐level species richness and beta diversity (measured by Jaccard similarity). Surprisingly, we show that mean occupancy, species richness and between‐site similarity have remained remarkably stable over the past century. Stability in community‐level metrics masked substantial changes in species composition; occupancy declines of some species were equally matched by increases in others, predominantly species with generalist or human‐associated habitat preferences. Bird occupancy, richness and diversity within each era were driven most strongly by water availability (precipitation and percent water cover), indicating that both climate and land‐use are important drivers of species distributions. Water availability had much stronger effects than temperature, urbanization and agricultural cover, which are typically thought to drive biodiversity decline.
Towards a deeper understanding of meaningful use in electronic health records
Authors: Joneidy Sina , Burke Maria 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify and analyse the US Health Sector concept of the ‘Meaningful Use’ of electronic health records (EHR's) based on the wide diversity of discourses in the published literature. Meaningful Use is defined as ‘use of digital medical and health records to improve quality, safety and efficiency of patient health information’.MethodsHerman Dooyeweerd's philosophical suite of aspects was the chosen research tool used to analyse seminal papers concerning the Meaningful Use of EHRs. The methodology included the identification of the criteria for choosing the papers: application of the criteria to the literature and then selection of the papers and finally the application of Dooyeweerd's aspects to the papers in order to analyse and classify the motivations of the authors.ResultsAs a result of the aspectual analysis of the relevant texts in the seminal papers, two aspects were identified, one as primary and another one as secondary. In addition, the analytic aspect was repeated twice as the primary aspect. Although there were a number of papers distinctively centred on different aspects, overlaps and similarities were also clearly identified.DiscussionDooyeweerd's philosophy is useful in helping to affirm the factors that are important to the authors of the seminal papers and the philosophy helps us to accommodate this diversity in a unique way, therefore enhancing our understanding of approaches in the area.ConclusionBy employing the lens of Dooyeweerd's aspects, the study enhances the understanding of diversity in one discipline and could potentially provide a new system for the classification of diversity within other related disciplines.
Big Grain3, encoding a purine permease, regulates grain size via modulating cytokinin transport in rice
Authors: Xiao Yunhua , Liu Dapu , Zhang Guoxia , Gao Shaopei , Liu Linchuan , Xu Fan , Che Ronghui , Wang Yiqin , Tong Hongning , Chu Chengcai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGrain size is an important agronomic trait affecting grain yield, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we isolated a dominant mutant, big grain3 (bg3‐D), which exhibits a remarkable increase of grain size caused by activation of the PURINE PERMEASE gene, OsPUP4. BG3/OsPUP4 is predominantly expressed in vascular tissues and is specifically suppressed by exogenous cytokinin application. Hormone profiling revealed that the distribution of different cytokinin forms, in roots and shoots of the bg3‐D mutant, is altered. Quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis indicated that expression of rice cytokinin type‐A RESPONSE REGULATOR (OsRR) genes is enhanced in the roots of the bg3‐D mutant. These results suggest that OsPUP4 might contribute to the long‐distance transport of cytokinin, by reinforcing cytokinin loading into vascular bundle cells. Furthermore, plants overexpressing OsPUP7, the closest homolog of OsPUP4, also exhibited a similar phenotype to the bg3‐D mutant. Interestingly, subcellular localization demonstrated that OsPUP4 was localized on the plasma membrane, whereas OsPUP7 was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Based on these findings, we propose that OsPUP4 and OsPUP7 function in a linear pathway to direct cytokinin cell‐to‐cell transport, affecting both its long‐distance movement and local allocation.
Cervical lymphadenopathy from PRP treatment with microneedling therapy
Authors: Geizhals Solomon , Grunfeld Joseph , Kwon Hyeokchan , Fox Joshua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐rich plasma is highly enriched plasma that contains a large concentration of platelets that secrete various growth factors and is used in a wide variety of surgical and cosmetic procedures, including hair regrowth and skin rejuvenation.MethodsMicroneedling therapy is being combined with platelet‐rich plasma to potentiate patient's cosmetic effects. While microneedling therapy and platelet‐rich plasma therapy have been around for years and are growing in popularity internationally, there are limited data regarding complications when they are used in conjunction.ResultsWe present a case in which a patient presented with acute, painful lymphadenopathy shortly after undergoing the combination treatment of a microneedling pen with platelet‐rich plasma therapy.ConclusionIndividuals should know of the potential adverse effect of microneedling pen therapy used in conjunction with platelet‐rich plasma therapy, and it should be included in patient consent forms and doctor–patient education.
Direct visualization of location and uptake of applied melatonin and serotonin in living tissues and their redistribution in plants in response to thermal stress
Authors: Erland Lauren A. E. , Yasunaga Adam , Li Isaac T. S. , Murch Susan J. , Saxena Praveen K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMelatonin and serotonin are important phytochemicals enabling plants to redirect growth in response to environmental stresses. Despite much research on their biosynthetic routes, localization of their biosynthetic enzymes and recent identification of a phytomelatonin receptor, localization of the molecules themselves has to date not been possible. Elucidation of their locations in living tissues can provide an effective tool to facilitate indolamine research across systems including both plants and animals. In this study, we employed a novel technique, quantum dot nanoparticles, to directly visualize melatonin and serotonin in axenic roots. Melatonin was absorbed through epidermal cells, travelled laterally, and accumulated in endodermal and rapidly dividing pericycle cells. Serotonin was absorbed by cells proximal to the crown with rapid polar movement toward the root tip. Thermal stress disrupted localization and dispersed melatonin and serotonin across cells. These data demonstrate the natural movement of melatonin and serotonin in roots directing cell growth and suggest that plants have a mechanism to disperse the indolamines throughout tissues as antioxidants in response to environmental stresses.
Comparison of surgical and conservative treatment of hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion in dogs
Authors: Nessler Jasmin , Flieshardt Cornelia , Tünsmeyer Julia , Dening Ricarda , Tipold Andrea 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundWhether compressive cervical myelopathy caused by hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion (HNPE) in dogs should be treated surgically or conservatively has been debated. Only 1 recent study has contradicted the former predominant reports of surgical treatment for HNPE.Hypothesis and methodSingle center retrospective study to compare the outcome of client‐owned dogs with HNPE after decompressive surgery or conservative treatment.AnimalsThirty‐six dogs diagnosed with HNPE confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsEighteen of 36 dogs underwent surgery whereas 18 dogs were managed conservatively including cage rest and physiotherapy. The most common affected intervertebral disc space was C4‐5. In 3 dogs, HNPE was diagnosed at the level of T13‐L1. Median time to regain ambulation was 6.6 days (range, 0‐28 days) after surgery and 5.9 days (range, 0‐15 days) with conservative management (P = .37).Only the length of a potential intramedullary lesion in cervical HNPE detected by MRI had an influence on the prognosis to gain ambulatory status in a time period of ≤9 days (P = .0035) and on short‐term survival (P = .0011).Conclusions and clinical importanceConservative management of HNPE in the cervical as well as in the thoracolumbar region represents a reasonable alternative to surgery, showing similar favorable outcome.
Differential susceptibility to tetracycline, oxytetracycline and doxycycline of the calf pathogensMannheimia haemolyticaandPasteurella multocidain three growth media
Authors: Mead Andrew , Lees Peter , Mitchell John , Rycroft Andrew , Standing Joseph F. , Toutain Pierre‐Louis , Pelligand Ludovic 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFor clinical isolates of bovineMannheimia haemolyticaandPasteurella multocida,this study reports minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) differences for tetracycline, oxytetracycline and doxycycline between cation‐adjusted Mueller‐Hinton broth (CAMHB), foetal bovine serum (FBS) and Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium.MICs were determined according toCLSIstandards and additionally using five overlapping sets of twofold dilutions.Matrix effect: (a) free drugMICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) for all drugs were significantly higher inFBSthan inCAMHBfor both pathogens (p < 0.001); (b)MICs andMBCs were higher forCAMHBandFBScompared toRPMIforP. multocidaonly. Net growth rate forP. multocidainCAMHBwas significantly slower than inFBSand higher than inRPMI, correlating toMICandMBCranking.Drug effect: doxycyclineMICs andMBCs were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in bothCAMHBandFBSthan tetracycline and oxytetracycline for both pathogens. Only forM. haemolyticawere oxytetracyclineMICandMBCsignificantly lower than tetracycline, precluding the use of tetracycline to predict oxytetracycline susceptibility in this species. Determining potencies of tetracyclines in a physiological medium, such asFBS, is proposed, when the objective is correlation with pharmacokinetic data for dosage determination.
Phylogenomics supports incongruence between ecological specialization and taxonomy in a charismatic clade of buck moths
Authors: Dupuis Julian R. , Peigler Richard S. , Geib Scott M. , Rubinoff Daniel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLocal adaptation can be a fundamental component of speciation, but its dynamics in relation to gene flow are not necessarily straightforward. Herbivorous taxa with localized host plant or habitat specialization across their geographic range are ideal models for investigating the patterns and constraints of local adaptation and its impact on diversification. The charismatic, day‐flying moths of the Hemileuca maia species complex (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) are such taxa, as they are geographically widespread, exhibit considerable ecological and morphological variability and host and habitat specificity, but apparently lack genetic differentiation across their range. Here, we use genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms to assess relationships and population structure of this group across North America and investigate the scales where genomic divergence correlates with adaptive ecological characteristics. In contrast to previous genetic studies of the group, we find broad‐ and fine‐scale genetic differentiation between lineages, which is at odds with various levels of taxonomic description and recognition of conservation units. Furthermore, ecological specialization only explains some fine‐scale genetic differentiation, and across much of the group's range, local adaptation is apparently occurring in the face of strong gene flow. These results provide unprecedented insight into drivers of speciation in this group, the relationship between taxonomy and genomics‐informed species boundaries and conservation management of internationally protected entities. Broadly, this system provides a model for understanding how local adaptation in an herbivore can arise and be maintained in the face of apparently strong gene flow, and the importance of geographic isolation in generating genomic divergence, despite a lack of ecological divergence.
Breathing New Life Into the World‐Soul? Revisiting an Old Doctrine Through the Lens of Current Debates on Special Divine Action
Authors: Dumsday Travis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNicholas Saunders’ 2002 book Divine Action and Modern Science remains among the most significant and widely‐cited recent contributions to the literature on special divine action (SDA). One of the tasks he takes up in that work is to critique a wide assortment of models of SDA, including that of Grace Jantzen. Her account employs the panentheistic notion that the physical universe is related to God in a manner closely analogous to the way in which a human body is related to the human mind—that is, the cosmos is God’s body. And just as we humans can exercise basic actions on and with our bodies without violating the laws of nature, God can exercise basic action on parts of the cosmos without such violations, thereby providing a workable non‐interventionist model of SDA. Saunders critiques this model on both philosophical and theological grounds, and moves on to consider another: the idea that God never acts directly on the cosmos, but instead interacts with the world by influencing human minds, which influence needn’t involve the violation of laws. This model too comes in for heavy criticism. In this essay I suggest a way of retaining important aspects of both of these accounts while sidestepping the criticisms levelled by Saunders. This can be done by reviving an idea sympathetically entertained by such notables as Plato, several early Church fathers (including Augustine), and Isaac Newton: that of a World‐Soul distinct from God.
Identification by Tn‐seq of Dickeya dadantii genes required for survival in chicory plants
Authors: Royet Kévin , Parisot Nicolas , Rodrigue Agnès , Gueguen Erwan , Condemine Guy 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe identification of the virulence factors of plant‐pathogenic bacteria has relied on the testing of individual mutants on plants, a time‐consuming process. Transposon sequencing (Tn‐seq) is a very powerful method for the identification of the genes required for bacterial growth in their host. We used this method in a soft‐rot pathogenic bacterium to identify the genes required for the multiplication of Dickeya dadantii in chicory. About 100 genes were identified showing decreased or increased fitness in the plant. Most had no previously attributed role in plant–bacterium interactions. Following our screening, in planta competition assays confirmed that the uridine monophosphate biosynthesis pathway and the purine biosynthesis pathway were essential to the survival of D. dadantii in the plant, as the mutants ∆carA, ∆purF, ∆purL, ∆guaB and ∆pyrE were unable to survive in the plant in contrast with the wild‐type (WT) bacterium. This study also demonstrated that the biosynthetic pathways of leucine, cysteine and lysine were essential for bacterial survival in the plant and that RsmC and GcpA were important in the regulation of the infection process, as the mutants ∆rsmC and ∆gcpA were hypervirulent. Finally, our study showed that D. dadantii flagellin was glycosylated and that this modification conferred fitness to the bacterium during plant infection. Assay by this method of the large collections of environmental pathogenic strains now available will allow an easy and rapid identification of new virulence factors.
The cotton laccase geneGhLAC15enhances Verticillium wilt resistance via an increase in defence‐induced lignification and lignin components in the cell walls of plants
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wu Lizhu , Wang Xingfen , Chen Bin , Zhao Jing , Cui Jing , Li Zhikun , Yang Jun , Wu Liqiang , Wu Jinhua , Zhang Guiyin , Ma Zhiying 
Published: September 2018

SummaryVerticillium dahliaeis a phytopathogenic fungal pathogen that causes vascular wilt diseases responsible for considerable decreases in cotton yields. The lignification of cell wall appositions is a conserved basal defence mechanism in the plant innate immune response. However, the function of laccase in defence‐induced lignification has not been described. Screening of an SSH library of a resistant cotton cultivar, Jimian20, inoculated withV. dahliaerevealed a laccase gene that was strongly induced by the pathogen.This gene was phylogenetically related toAtLAC15and contained domains conserved by laccases; therefore, we named itGhLAC15. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction indicated thatGhLAC15maintained higher expression levels in tolerant than in susceptible cultivars. Overexpression ofGhLAC15enhanced cell wall lignification, resulting in increased total lignin, G monolignol and G/S ratio, which significantly improved the Verticillium wilt resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis. In addition, the levels of arabinose and xylose were higher in transgenic plants than in wild‐type plants, which resulted in transgenic Arabidopsis plants being less easily hydrolysed. Furthermore, suppression of the transcriptional level ofGhLAC15resulted in an increase in susceptibility in cotton. The content of monolignol and the G/S ratio were lower in silenced cotton plants, which led to resistant cotton cv. Jimian20 becoming susceptible. These results demonstrate thatGhLAC15enhances Verticillium wilt resistance via an increase in defence‐induced lignification and arabinose and xylose accumulation in the cell wall ofGossypium hirsutum.This study broadens our knowledge of defence‐induced lignification and cell wall modifications as defence mechanisms againstV. dahliae.
Rhodotorula species infections in humans: A systematic review
Authors: Ioannou Petros , Vamvoukaki Rodanthi , Samonis George 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundFungal infections by Rhodotorula species are increasingly reported in the literature and consist of bloodstream infections, especially in patients with central venous catheters (CVC), as well as central nervous system (CNS), ocular and other less frequent infections.ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to record and evaluate all available evidence regarding infections by Rhodotorula species.MethodsSystematic review of PubMed (through 9 August 2017) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, as well as treatment data and outcomes of Rhodotorula species infections.ResultsA total of 111 studies, containing data of 248 patients, were eventually included in the analysis. The most common Rhodotorula infections were those of bloodstream, CNS and ocular infections, as well as peritoneal dialysis‐associated peritonitis. Epidemiology of each type of infection was different, with the bloodstream ones being more common in patients with malignancy and CVCs, while those of the CNS were more common in patients with AIDS. Mortality was variable being higher in CNS infections. Amphotericin B remains the most common agent used for treatment, irrespectively of the infection site.ConclusionsThis systematic review thoroughly describes fungal infections by Rhodotorula species and provides information on their epidemiology, clinical picture, microbiology, treatment and outcomes.