bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver Organoids Generated from Mice with Necrotizing Enterocolitis Have Reduced Regenerative Capacity
Authors: Miyake Hiromu , Lee Carol , Seo Shogo , Li Bo , Pierro Agostino 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Introduction Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most severe gastrointestinal diseases in infancy. NEC can cause metabolic derangements, multi-organ injury including severe liver damage. The mechanism leading to hepatic damage in NEC remains unclear. The aim of this study is to establish and characterize liver organoids from NEC mice.
Materials and Methods Following ethical approval (#44032), we induced experimental NEC from postnatal day 5 (P5) to P9 using C57BL/6 mice pups. NEC was induced by gavage formula feeding, gavage lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and hypoxia. Breastfed pups were used as control. On P9, NEC and control pups were sacrificed and liver tissue was harvested and organoids were generated. Organoid size was recorded daily (day 2–4) by measuring their surface area and organoid growth was calculated. RNA was extracted on day 4 after liver organoid generation.
Results Organoid growth rate was significantly lower in NEC liver organoids compared to control liver organoids. mRNA expression of liver progenitor cells markers of LGR5 and SOX9 was lower in NEC liver organoids compared to control liver organoids. Similarly, expression of proliferation markers of Ki67 and PCNA was lower in NEC liver organoids.
Conclusion We report a novel technique to generate liver organoids during NEC. These organoids are characterized by reduced progenitor cells, reduced proliferation, and overall impaired regenerative capacity. Liver progenitor cells are important targets to prevent liver damage in NEC and promote recovery.
Factors that Influence Longitudinal Growth from Birth to 18 Months of Age in Infants with Gastroschisis
Authors: Nair Nitya , Merhar Stephanie , Wessel Jacqueline , Hall Eric , Kingma Paul S. 
Published: July 2019

Objective This study aimed to investigate factors that influence growth in infants with gastroschisis.
Study Design Growth parameters at birth, discharge, 6, 12, and 18 months of age were collected from 42 infants with gastroschisis.
Results The mean z-scores for weight, length, and head circumference were below normal at birth and decreased between birth and discharge. Lower gestational age correlated with a worsening change in weight z-score from birth to discharge (rho 0.38, p = 0.01), but not with the change in weight z-score from discharge to 18 months (rho 0.04, p = 0.81). There was no correlation between the day of life when the enteral feeds were started and the change in weight z-score from birth to discharge (rho 0.12, p = 0.44) or discharge to 18 months (rho −0.15, p = 0.41).
Conclusion Our study demonstrates that infants with gastroschisis experience a significant decline in weight z-score between birth and discharge, and start to catch up on all growth parameters after discharge. Prematurity in gastroschisis infants is associated with a greater risk for weight loss during this time. This information emphasizes the importance of minimizing weight loss prior to discharge in premature infants with gastroschisis and highlights the need for optimal management strategies for these infants.
High Fetal Fraction on First Trimester Cell-Free DNA Aneuploidy Screening and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Shook Lydia L. , Clapp Mark A. , Roberts Penelope S. , Bernstein Sarah N. , Goldfarb Ilona T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective To test the hypothesis that high fetal fraction (FF) on first trimester cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA) aneuploidy screening is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.
Study Design This is a single-institution retrospective cohort study of women who underwent cfDNA screening at <14 weeks' gestation and delivered a singleton infant between July 2016 and June 2018. Women with abnormal results were excluded. Women with high FF (≥95th percentile) were compared with women with normal FF (5th–95th percentiles). Outcomes investigated were preterm birth, small for gestational age, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Results A total of 2,033 women met inclusion criteria. The mean FF was 10.0%, and FF >16.5% was considered high (n = 102). Women with high FF had a greater chance of delivering a small for gestational age infant <fifth percentile, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.1–4.8, p = 0.039). There was no significant association between high FF and either preterm birth or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Conclusion Women with a high FF in the first trimester are at increased risk of delivering a small for gestational age infant <fifth percentile. Further investigation into the clinical implications of a high FF is warranted.
New modulation method in acousto-optic spectrometers
Authors: Pustovoit V.I. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A new method is proposed for modulating radiation in collinear acousto-optic (AO) spectrometers, which is based on the sequential diffraction of incident polarised optical radiation using two sound packets with the same frequencies and initial phases. A theory of diffraction of optical radiation on two successive packets of sound waves propagating in a crystal is constructed, and the instrumental function of the AO spectrometer is found. It is established that the instrumental function of such a spectrometer becomes time-dependent, and the modulation frequency of this dependence, in turn, depends on the intensity of the sound wave and on the detuning from the phase-matching conditions. The frequency dependence of the measured photocurrent for some finite number of sound packets is obtained explicitly, and it is shown that its measurement allows the spectral composition of the incident optical radiation to be determined with greater accuracy.
Use of heavily doped germanosilicate fibres with a small core diameter in stretchers of ultrashort laser pulses at a wavelength of 1.03 μm
Authors: Khudyakov D.V. , Ganin D.V. , Lyashedko A.D. , Borodkin A.A. , Likhachev M.E. , Salganskii M.Yu. , Vartapetov S.K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The use of a heavily doped germanosilicate fibre with a W-profile refractive index and small core diameter in stretchers of ultrashort laser pulses with their subsequent amplification and compression in all-fibre laser systems is considered. The application of fibres of this type makes it possible to stretch, amplify, and then compress a laser pulse with minimum distortions of its initial shape and width. Due to the dispersion properties of these fibres, which allow the pulse duration to be increased significantly at a small fibre length and the third-order positive dispersion of the diffraction-grating-based output compressor to be compensated for, amplified pulses with an energy of 2 μJ and width of 250 fs, free of a picosecond pedestal, are obtained. Several types of fibres intended for the use in stretchers of ultrashort laser pulses are comparatively analysed from the point of view of their dispersion compatibility with a diffraction-grating-based output compressor.
Fluorescence and lasing in an electric-field-induced periodic structure of a cholesteric liquid crystal
Authors: Shtykov N.M. , Palto S.P. , Umanskii B.A. , Rybakov D.O. , Simdyankin I.V. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Fluorescence and lasing in a structure with an electric-field-induced spatially periodic director modulation in the plane of a planar-oriented layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) is experimentally investigated. The thickness of the CLC layer is chosen close to the natural pitch of the cholesteric helix, which corresponds to the second Grandjean zone. The electric-field-induced periodic field of the CLC director leads to spatial modulation of the refractive index and the appearance of optical properties typical of 1D photonic crystals, when light propagating in the plane of the CLC layer experiences Bragg reflection. In polarised light, the induced spatial modulation of the refractive index manifests itself in the form of banded domains oriented in the plane of the CLC layer perpendicular to the original (unperturbed electric field) direction of the director in the centre of the layer. For the electric field strengths that correspond to fundamentally different distributions of the field of a CLC director, the fluorescence spectra of the DCM laser dye are studied both for different geometries (including the waveguide regime) and for different levels of optical pumping. In the range of electrical voltages corresponding to the induction of a spatially periodic photonic structure, multimode lasing in the waveguide regime is detected. It is shown that the mode composition of lasing depends on the electric field, which affects the properties of the distributed feedback.
Effect of a magnetic field on polarisation of light in an optical fibre with a random distribution of linear birefringence
Authors: Konyshev V.A. , Lukinykh S.N. , Nanii O.E. , Novikov A.G. , Treshchikov V.N. , Ubaydullaev R.R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A numerical model is proposed to describe the evolution of polarisation of a light wave propagating through a telecommunication fibre with random linear birefringence in a magnetic field. As a result of statistical processing of a set of numerical simulation results, a convenient phenomenological formula is obtained for the first time for the dependence of the average value of the polarisation rotation angle on the magnetic field, the fibre parameters and its length. It is found that the average value of the polarisation rotation angle in a long telecommunication fibre in the representation of the Stokes vectors linearly depends on the applied longitudinal magnetic field (as in the classical Faraday effect for an isotropic medium) but is proportional to the root of the fibre length. It is theoretically shown and experimentally confirmed that the polarisation rotation angle for an extended segment of a telecommunication fibre (50 km) is two orders of magnitude less than that for an isotropic fibre of the same length and material.
Economical generation regime of a supersonic continuous-wave chemical DF laser
Authors: Fedorov I.A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We have performed experimental and computer-aided theoretical studies of the effect of the dilution degree ψ
2 of a secondary fuel (deuterium) by an inert gas (helium) on the output characteristics of a supersonic cw chemical DF laser with a flat nozzle array, constructed in accordance with the nozzle – nozzle reagent mixing scheme. It is shown that an increase in the dilution degree in the range of 0 ⩽ ψ
2 ⩽ 20 leads to a monotonous increase in the lasing zone length (a decrease in the radiation load on the resonator mirrors) and a drop in the laser specific energy output. With an increase in the optical path length (a decrease in the threshold gain), the sensitivity of the laser energy characteristics to the dilution degree decreases. Consequently, for a high-power DF laser (with a long nozzle array) with partial replacement of expensive deuterium with cheaper helium, a potential possibility for the implementation of an economical generation regime with acceptable specific energy output is achieved. The conditions for the implementation of this regime are identified.
Rate equations for the diode laser and their applicability area
Authors: Bogatov A.P. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Taking into account spontaneous emission by adding its intensity in the form of a constant term to the laser emission intensity in rate equations is shown to be an inadequate approach. The use of rate equations without equations for phases of waves is limited to problems in which light is characterised by its total intensity, without its spectral composition. Such equations are incapable of adequately modelling the emission spectrum of diode lasers.
Scanning spectrometer/monochromator for a wavelength range of 50 – 330 Å
Authors: Shatokhin A.N. , Vishnyakov E.A. , Kolesnikov A.O. , Ragozin E.N. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A flat-field scanning spectrometer/monochromator of the Hettrick – Underwood type is implemented for a wavelength range λ ≈ 50 – 330 Å. The optical arrangement of the spectrograph comprises a focusing spherical (R = 6000 mm) mirror, mounted at a grazing angle of 8.34 °, and a grazing-incidence plane varied line-space (VLS) grating operating for a constant deflection angle of 16.68 °. The entrance and output slits of the instrument are immobile, and the focal distance varies only slightly over its operating spectral range. The short-wavelength boundary of the operating range is determined by the spectral source brightness and the reflection coefficients of the grating and the mirror rather than by defocusing. Laser-produced plasma spectra excited by a focused laser beam (0.5 J, 8 ns, 1.06 μm) are recorded. A spectral resolving power λ/δλ = 1300 is demonstrated at a wavelength of 182 Å. The configuration of the instrument of this type is suited to soft X-ray reflectometry and metrology with the use of laser-plasma and synchrotron radiation sources, and is perfectly compatible with modern CCD detectors.
The impact of the deposition process of the emitting layer on the internal structure of organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Maderitsch Angelika , Pflumm Christof , Buchholz Herwig , Borchert Holger , Parisi Jürgen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) continue to attract research interest due to their increasing applications in display and lighting markets. A current field of development is the application of solution-based deposition techniques for the organic layers. However, in general, corresponding devices do not yet reach the performance of OLEDs with vapor deposited materials. In the present work, we have used a model system with a sulfur-containing host material in the emission layer that can either be deposited by thermal evaporation or spin coating. The structure of the corresponding devices was analyzed by a combination of transmission electron microscopy and spatially resolved energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. To investigate the devices’ cross section, wedge shaped, electron transparent lamellas were prepared by focused ion beam milling. Significant differences of the spatial distribution of sulfur have been observed in the devices.
Geometric phase in beating of light waves
Authors: Hannonen Antti , Saastamoinen Kimmo , Leppänen Lasse-Petteri , Koivurova Matias , Shevchenko Andriy , Friberg Ari T , Setälä Tero 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Beating is a simple physical phenomenon known for long in the context of sound waves but remained surprisingly unexplored for light waves. When two monochromatic optical beams of different frequencies and states of polarization interfere, the polarization state of the superposition field exhibits temporal periodic variation—polarization beating. In this work, we reveal a foundational and elegant phase structure underlying such polarization beating. We show that the phase difference over a single beating period decomposes into the Pancharatnam–Berry geometric phase and a dynamical phase of which the former depends exclusively on the intensities and polarization states of the interfering beams whereas the sum of the phases is determined solely by the beam frequencies. Varying the intensity and polarization characteristics of the beams, the relative contributions of the geometric and dynamical phases can be adjusted. The geometric phase inherent in polarization beating is governed by a compact expression containing only the Stokes parameters of the interfering waves and can alternatively be obtained from the individual beam intensities and the amplitude of the intensity beats. We demonstrate both approaches experimentally by using an interferometer with a fast detector and a specific polarimetric arrangement. Polarization beating has a unique character that the geometric and dynamical phases are entangled, i.e. variation in one unavoidably leads to a change in the other. Our work expands geometric phases into a new domain and offers important novel insight into the role of polarization in interference of electromagnetic waves.
Transport of a colloidal particle driven across a temporally oscillating optical potential energy landscape
Authors: Abbott Joshua L , Straube Arthur V , Aarts Dirk G A L , Dullens Roel P A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A colloidal particle is driven across a temporally oscillating one-dimensional optical potential energy landscape and its particle motion is analysed. Different modes of dynamic mode locking are observed and are confirmed with the use of phase portraits. The effect of the oscillation frequency on the mode locked step width is addressed and the results are discussed in light of a high-frequency theory and compared to simulations. Furthermore, the influence of the coupling between the particle and the optical landscape on mode locking is probed by increasing the maximum depth of the optical landscape. Stronger coupling is seen to increase the width of mode locked steps. Finally, transport across the temporally oscillating landscape is studied by measuring the effective diffusion coefficient of a mobile particle, which is seen to be highly sensitive to the driving velocity and mode locking.
Low-lying positive parity yrast bands in Gd, Dy and Er nuclei for N = 96
Authors: Mahdi Mahdi A. , Radhi Fahmi Sh. , Kassim Huda H. , AbedAlJubbori Mushtaq , Sharrad Fadhil I. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The interacting boson model has been applied to calculate the low-lying positive parity yrast bands in Gd, Dy and Er nuclei for N = 96 neutrons. The results closed to the SU(3) limit in this model. Reasonable agreement with available energies and B(E2) transition rates. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) to the IBM Hamiltonian have been obtained using the intrinsic coherent state.
A comparison clinical study between Water-Pipe and cigarettes males smokers on serum lipid profile and blood hemoglobin concentration in the Thi-Qar governorate
Authors: Sultan Mohammad Q. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
20 samples of each non-smoking (group A, as a standard case), smoking cigarette (group B) and smoking water pipe (group C) were studied, respectively at Thi –Qar Governorate between 1st Jan. 2017 till the end of Feb. 2017. The average ages of all groups ranged between 25 and 40 years and all of them do not suffer of any genetic disease (i.e. sugar diabetes and high blood pressure).Both, the blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and serum lipid profile were measured for groups A, B and C, respectively. The results indicated the presence of relative increase (p <0.05) of Hb in group B as compared with group A. In order of C > B> C Furthermore, it was found that there was a relative increase (p <0.05) in Hb of group C as compared with both groups A and B.With respect to the serum lipid profile, the result showed the presence of a relative increase (p <0.05) in the concentrations of total cholesterol in group (B) as compared with group (A) while there was a relative increase (p <0.05) in group (C) when its compared with both groups A and B. By considering the concentrations of triglyceraldehyde (TG) in group (B), it was noticed that there is no relative increase (p <0.05) as compared with group (A) while there was an relative increase (p <0.05) of group (C) in comparison with both groups (A and B).In the case of high density lipoprotein (HDL) it was found that there was non-relative decrease (p <0.05) in the human body concentration as compared with group (A) while there was a relative decrease (p <0.05) in the concentration of (HDL) with the group (C) as compared with group (A) but in comparison of such result with group (B), it was found that there was non-relative decrease (p <0.05).As for as the low density lipoprotein (LDL) is concerned, an relative increase (p <0.05) was found with both groups (B and C) as compared with group (A). Also it was noticed that a non-relative increase was indicated with group (C) when it was compared with group (B).Finally, the results showed a non-relative increase (p <0.05) in concentration (vLDL) with both groups (B and C) as compared with group (A). But in comparison between groups (C and B) it was found that there was a relative increase (p <0.05) with group (C).
A Wearable Rehabilitation System to Assist Partially Hand Paralyzed Patients in Repetitive Exercises*
Authors: Naeem Hasan Hussein 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The main purpose of the paper is development, implementation, and testing of a low cost portable system to assist partially paralyzed patients in their hand rehabilitation after strokes or some injures. Rehabilitation includes time consuming and repetitive exercises which are costly and demotivating as well as the requirements of clinic attending and direct supervision of physiotherapist. In this work, the system consists of a graphical user interface (GUI) on a smartphone screen to instruct and motivate the patients to do their exercises by themselves. Through the GUI, the patients are instructed to do a sequence of exercises step by step, and the system measures the electrical activities (electromyographic signals EMG) of the user’s forearm muscles by Myo armband. Depending on database, the system can tell whether the patients have done correct movements or not. If a correct movement is detected, the system will inform the user through the GUI and move to the next exercise. For preliminary results, the system was extensively tested on a healthy person.
The Effect of Ce-doping Molar Concentration with Silica Xerogel on the Materials Optical Properties
Authors: Abbas Oudh Abdul-Jabbar , Al-Mashhadani Asia H. , Twej Wesam A.A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ionic cerium-doped pure silica glass with high photoluminescence, has been prepared using the sol–gel technique and densification of the porous xerogel under inert and air atmosphere.The present study shows the effect of densification atmosphere and molar concentrations on the optical properties of ionic cerium-activated silica glasses.Moreover, the PL intensity increased with increasing the molar concentration of ionic Ce+3.The PL is composed of two sub-bandsascribable to tetragonal distortion of the matrix and spin–orbit coupling but these sub-bands arecloser to each other when the core rod is densified under inert atmosphere.
Industrial Waste water Treatment and Reuses for Agricultural Purpose
Authors: Kamel Sabre Walaa , Hassan Ali Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the present study, the treatment of industrial wastewater and reuses for agriculture purpose. The photocatalytic degradation of dyes like bismarck brown Y dye has been used as technique for treatment in a batch reactor under solar light in heterogeneous slurry utilizing various concentrations of ZnO as photocatalysts semiconductors. Parameters has been studied (catalyst type, catalyst concentration, pH of dye solution and dye concentration at the beginning). The results show that the best dose of ZnO is 0.80 g/l, and the optimum pH is 10. The percentage removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the dye solutions was higher than that of the degradation of dye for the same conditions of catalyst. Treated wastewater reuse in agriculture is a common practice in the Mediterranean countries and there is a considerable interest in the long-term effects of treated wastewater on crops intended for human consumption. This paper studies the fundamentals of agricultural irrigation using treated wastewater and the status of industrial wastewater reuse in Iraq with studies related to the effects on soils and plants.