bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐vitro dissolution characteristics and human adipose stem cell response to novel borophosphate glasses
Authors: Mishra Ayush , Ojansivu Miina , Autio Reija , Vanhatupa Sari , Miettinen Susanna , Massera Jonathan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe main drawbacks of traditional silicate bioactive glasses are their narrow hot forming domain and noncongruent dissolution. In this article, we report on new borophosphate glasses [xMnOm + (100 − x) (47.5P2O5 + 2.5B2O3 + 10Na2O + 20CaO + 20SrO)], MnOmbeing CuO, Ag2O, and CeO2, having high thermal processability, hence suitable for fiber drawing and sintering into scaffolds. Furthermore, the glasses dissolve congruently in simulated body fluid (SBF) and TRIS buffer solution, eventually leading to the precipitation of a reactive layer. Human adipose stem cells (hASC) were cultured in media enriched with glass extract at different dilutions, to investigate the optimal ion concentration for cell survival. Cells grew in all the extracts, except in the undiluted Cu‐doped glass extract. At dilution 1:10, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and cell proliferation were comparable to the control, while at 1:100, the cells proliferated faster than the control. Thus, the reference (undoped), Ag and Ce‐doped glasses were found to be suitable for cell viability and proliferation. Cytotoxicity assessments using the LDH assay indeed revealed the high cytotoxicity of the Cu extract. This raises questions about the use of Cu in bioactive glasses and its optimal concentration as a dopant.
Melatonin as a potential inhibitor of colorectal cancer: Molecular mechanisms
Authors: Shafabakhsh Rana , Reiter Russel J. , Davoodabadi Abdoulhossein , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent disease and a major cause of mortality in the world. Several factors including population aging, poor dietary habits, obesity, insufficient physical activity, and smoking can explain its increased prevalence. CRC is a heterogeneous disease both histopathologically and in term of its molecular and genetic aspects. Melatonin a derivative of tryptophan, is synthesized and released from pineal gland but it is also found in numerous extrapineal tissues including retina, testes, lymphocytes, Harderian gland, gastrointestinal tract, etc. This molecule has several tasks which enhance physiological functions such as antioxidant, antiaging, immunomodulatory, and tumor inhibition. Multiple immunocytochemical studies reported melatonin in the intestinal mucosa where its concentration is greater than in the blood. These findings suggest that melatonin may have a potential inhibitory role in CRC progression. The purpose of this review is to examine the effects of melatonin in molecular pathogenesis and signaling pathways of CRC.
Evaluation of testis hormonal and histopathological alterations in type I and type II diabetic rats
Authors: Barsiah Saber , Behnam‐Rassouli Morteza , Shahabipour Fahimeh , Rostami Sareh , Sabbaghi Mohammad A. , Momeni Zeinab , Tavassoli Amin , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is a devastating metabolic disease that causes long‐term damage to various organs. An important leading complication of diabetes is a degenerative effect on the reproductive system including infertility and gonadal dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of experimental type I and II diabetes on the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone.MethodsMale Wistar rats were randomly divided into four separate groups: (1) type I diabetes (T1DM), (2) type II diabetes (T2DM), (3) cetrorelix acetate‐treated nondiabetic control group, and (4) normal untreated group (n = 6). T1DM was experimentally induced by a single injection of alloxan (135 mg/kg) while T2DM was induced by feeding the animals with drinking water enriched with fructose (10%). Cetrorelix acetate (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal for 1 week) treatment group was used as a positive control. All rats were killed and blood and testes were collected after 8 weeks of the study. The effects of induced diabetes on the levels of blood glucose and insulin were assessed. The levels of sex hormones and insulin were determined by radioimmunoassay. Histological staining was used to check abnormal patterns of testicular morphology, the diameter of seminiferous tubules, testicular diameter, and germinal layer thickness.ResultsA significant reduction in the testosterone, FSH, and LH levels were observed in T1DM, T2DM, and also in cetrorelix acetate‐treated groups. Analysis of testicular histology sections revealed significantly reduced thickness of cell layer in T1DM and cetrorelix acetate‐treated groups compared with the T2DM group. In T2DM, the cell numbers, the thickness of cell layer, the diameter of seminiferous tubules, and weight of testicles were slightly increased. In contrast, total tubules of empty seminiferous increased significantly in T1D and cetrorelix treated groups compared with the control group.ConclusionOverall, diabetes can induce hypothalamus‐pituitary‐gonad axis dysfunction, affects hormonal secretion, and causes histological damage to testes, collectively leading to deleterious effects on male fertility.
Superconductivity of light‐metal hydrides
Authors: Lv Hai‐Yan , Chen Ming , Feng Ye , Li Wen‐Jie , Zhong Guo‐Hua , Yang Chun‐Lei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHydrogen‐rich materials are potential high‐temperature superconductors at pressures lower than metal hydrogen, mainly because hydrogen atoms can provide strong electron–phonon coupling and high phonon frequencies in hydrogen‐rich materials. This review provides a systematic overview of the crystal type, stability, pressure‐induced transition, metallization and superconductivity of binary light‐metal hydrides under high pressure.
Immunoassay of plasmonic gold‐nanoparticle clusters: Plasmon coupling effects for Parkinson biomarker detection
Authors: Ko Wen‐Yin , Chang Chia‐Yu , Chiang Yun‐Ting , Huang Li‐Ting , Huang Lih‐Wen , Lin Kuan‐Jiuh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA simple signal‐on plasmonic optical assay for the detection of the Parkinson biomarker using gold‐nanoparticle clusters (AuNCs) for signal amplification is presented. This approach is based on the improvement of the optical density (OD) change of the plasmonic band of a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) Au nanoparticle (AuNP) sensor interface using Au NCs conjugated antibodies. The amplification results in a 260‐fold improvement in concentration detection, from 1,000 ng/mL (unlabeled antibody) to 3.8 ng/mL (antibody‐conjugated AuNCs). The sensitivity enhancement can be ascribed to the further plasmonic coupling between the antibody‐conjugated AuNCs and the AuNPs on the LSPR interface and the enhanced amount of target molecule bound to the bioassay. This AuNCs‐assisted signal amplification strategy allows for improving the sensitivity of the plasmon‐based bioassays and can be extended to other optical‐based diagnostic technologies. Importantly, the simple detecting procedure and protocol assembly make it competitive with other existing sensing technologies such as ELISA, allowing for practical usage in clinical diagnostics.
Anode interlayer in organic photovoltaics: Narrow bandgap small molecular materials as exciton‐blocking layer
Authors: Golder Jan , Lin Chiao‐Wen , Chen Chin‐Ti 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSix materials were used as an interlayer at the anode side (anode interlayer [AIL]) of an archetypical planar heterojunction organic solar cell (OSC). In addition to two conventional wide bandgap hole transport materials (HTMs), tris(4‐carbazol‐9‐ylphenyl)amine (TCTA) and trans‐4,4′‐bis[N‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐N‐phenylamino]stilbene (NPAE), we explore four narrow bandgap materials, bis(biphenylaminospiro)‐fumaronitrile (PhSPFN), bis(N‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐N‐phenylamino)anthraquinone (NPAAnQ), bis‐(di(2‐fluorophenyl)aminospiro)‐fumaronitrile (FPhSPFN), and bis[4‐(N‐(pyren‐1‐yl)‐N‐phenylamino)phenyl]fumaronitrile (PyPAFN), the energy levels of which essentially align with the ones of SubPc, the active light‐absorbing material of the OSC study herein. By using a narrow bandgap AIL, universally enhanced short‐circuit current density and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have been achieved. In addition, one of these materials, FPhSPFN, results in a PCE of 5.13%, which is the highest reported value for SubPc solar cells with a similar architecture. This is ascribed to the formation of an otherwise passive exciton‐blocking interface. Furthermore, this demonstrates that charge selectivity by way of a high‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level is not a prerequisite for successful AIL design. As such, in terms of energy level alignment and bandgap energies, we establish a viable alternative approach toward interface and interlayer material design.
Acetaminophen Protein Adducts in Hospitalized Children Receiving Multiple Doses of Acetaminophen
Authors: Jiang Sibo , Vozmediano Valvanera , Abdel‐Rahman Susan M. , Schmidt Stephan , James Laura P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious reports have questioned the safety of multiple doses of acetaminophen administered to ill children. Acetaminophen protein adducts (adducts) are a biomarker of acetaminophen‐induced liver injury and reflect the oxidative metabolism of acetaminophen, a known mechanism in acetaminophen toxicity. In this prospective observational study, we analyzed adduct concentrations in 1034 blood samples obtained from 181 hospitalized children (1 to 18 years inclusive) who received 2 or more doses of acetaminophen. Linear regression analysis showed that serum adduct concentrations increased as a function of the cumulative acetaminophen dose, which could be attributed, in part, to a long half‐life of adducts (2.17 ± 1.04 days [mean ± standard deviation]) in children. However, few patients (2%) were found to have adduct concentrations higher than 1.0 nmol/mL, a previously identified toxicity cut point for the diagnosis of acetaminophen‐induced liver injury in patients with alanine aminotransferase values exceeding 1000 IU/L. A small cohort of patients with suspected infection was noted to show higher adduct concentrations. In addition, adduct concentrations showed a stronger correlation with cumulative acetaminophen doses in adolescents compared with children (R2 = 0.41 vs 0.26). No other covariates (body weight, body mass index z score, sex, race, or surgery) remarkably correlated with adduct elevation. In summary, low levels of adducts can be detected in hospitalized children receiving multiple doses of acetaminophen, and adduct levels correlate with cumulative acetaminophen dose.
Bicuspid aortic valve with right‐sided aortic arch aneurysm and Kommerell's diverticulum
Authors: Zhao Cuiting , Sun Yang , Wang Yonghuai , Li Guangyuan , Meng Pingping , Liu Shuang , Yang Jun , Ma Chunyan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital cardiac malformation, frequently combined with ascending aorta dilation. However, isolated abnormalities of the aortic arch are less frequent in BAV patients. Here, we present a rare case of BAV combined with right‐sided aortic arch aneurysm, aberrant left subclavian artery, and Kommerell's diverticulum, diagnosed by echocardiography and computed tomography angiography. The patient was followed‐up regularly because of the life‐threatening risks of aortic arch aneurysms.
Taxonomic importance of spore morphology in Thelypteridaceae from Northern Pakistan
Authors: Shah Syed N. , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Ullah Fazal , Zaman Wajid , Malik Khafsa , Rashid Neelam , Gul Saba 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpore morphology of Thelypteridaceae species growing in Malakand Division, Northern Pakistan, was studied using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The taxa are Christella dentata and Glaphyropteridopsis erubescens in the subfamily Thelypteridoideae, and Phegopteris connectilis, Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorhachis, and Pseudophegopteris levingei in the subfamily Phegopteridoideae. The studied species exhibit differences in spore size, exospore thickness, color, and ornamentation. Spores of the studied species are monolete and medium‐sized, and shape is ellipsoidal in both polar and equatorial views. The average measurement of the polar diameter ranges from 27 μm to 31 μm, whereas in the equatorial direction it varied from 20 μm to 40 μm. The exospore thickness ranges from 1.2 μm to 2.4 μm. Reticulate, laevigate with microgranules, cristate, and coarsely echinate surface ornamentation are observed among the species. Multivariate analysis including unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and principal component analysis was used for the grouping and discrimination of species and genera.
Morphological description of smell glands in Cyclopes didactylus
Authors: de Sousa Diego F. , Branco Érika , Giese Elane G. , da Silva Leila M. , Santos Juliana T. , Mesquita Ellen Y. E. , de Lima Ana R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA macroscopic and microscopic study of the mandibular organ of the silky anteater (Cyclopes didactylus) was carried out. The organ extends from below the zygomatic bone line to the middle of the mandible body, between the skin and the masseter muscle, on both sides of the animal. It has an average length of 11.7 mm and a width of 6.3 mm. In the mesoscopic analysis, it was observed that the organ presents in yellowish color due to the high amount of sebaceous content. In the histological analysis, the mandibular organ was observed to be composed of innumerable alveoli of the specialized sebaceous gland, surrounded by a layer of adventitia tunica. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed an apparent alveolar division with what appeared to be a sulcus at its center. The information here presented regarding the constitution and location of this structure has not been previously explored for other species and differs with respect to other descriptions for anteaters. Based on the present study, it is suggested that the mandibular organ is involved in social interaction in this species.
Building primary care in Japan: Literature review
Authors: Kato Daisuke , Ryu Hikohaku , Matsumoto Tomoki , Abe Kazuhiro , Kaneko Makoto , Ko Mezhen , Irving Greg , Ramsay Robin , Kondo Masatoshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractJapan's health system is well known for achieving one of the world's highest life expectancy with universal health coverage. However, the country now faces challenges of a rapidly aging population and changes in patterns and burden of disease. Primary care is an important component of a well‐functioning health system. In Japan, primary care services are provided in both the community and hospital settings. The distinction between primary and secondary care may not always be clear. This review is based on the framework from the 2015 WHO publication on primary care systems in Europe. Our aim is to describe the journey of primary care in Japan, with its past, present, and future as a valuable addition to the academic English literature. We also hope that this article would inspire readers outside of Japan who might face similar issues in their respective countries.
Risk Aversion and Diversification Strategies
Authors: Krause Brooke L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDiversifying agricultural assets and income sources is a critical strategy employed by the poor to meet their critical needs, mitigate risks and respond to shocks. Relative to non‐poor households, poor households are more likely to face constraints to asset ownership, which may impact their ability to improve their welfare. This paper uses primary data collected from the Guatemalan Highlands, including an experiment to elicit risk preferences, to describe the association between risk preferences and a household's agricultural assets and income diversification using a model that controls for fixed effects at the community level. The findings suggest limited evidence that higher risk aversion is positively related to asset ownership. While one might expect risk averse individuals to diversify their household's sources of income, the results from this study suggest only limited evidence of this occurring in Highland Guatemala. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interfaces between microbes and membranes of host epithelial cells in hemipteran midguts
Authors: Nardi James B. , Miller Lou Ann , Bee Charles Mark 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCertain families of plant‐feeding insects in the order Hemiptera (infraorder Pentatomomorpha) have established symbiotic relationships with microbes that inhabit specific pouches (caeca) of their midgut epithelium. The placement of these caeca in a well‐delineated region at the most posterior end of the midgut bordering the hindgut is conserved in these families; in situ the convoluted midgut is predictably folded so that this caecal region lies adjacent to the anterior‐most region of the midgut. Depending on the hemipteran family, caeca vary in their number and configuration at a given anterior–posterior location. At the host‐microbe interface, epithelial plasma membranes of midgut epithelial cells interact with nonself antigens of microbial surfaces. In the different hemipteran species examined, a continuum of interactions is observed between microbes and host membranes. Bacteria can exist as free living cells within the midgut lumen without contacting host membranes while other host cells physically interact extensively with microbial surfaces by extending numerous processes that interdigitate with microbes; and, in many instances, processes completely envelope the microbes. The host cells can embrace the foreign microbes, completely enveloping each with a single host membrane or sometimes enveloping each with the two additional host membranes of a phagosome.
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and risk of ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rujirachun Pongprueth , Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith , Winijkul Arjbordin , Ungprasert Patompong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundParoxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) has been traditionally considered as a benign rhythm disorder. However, recent studies have suggested that patients with PSVT may have a higher risk of ischemic stroke although the data are limited and inconclusive. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted with the aims to identify all available studies and summarize their results together to better characterize the risk of ischemic stroke among patients with PSVT.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted by searching for published articles indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception through November 11, 2018 to identify all observational studies that compared the risk of ischemic stroke between patients with PSVT and individuals without PSVT. Pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random‐effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.ResultsA total 5 studies (4 cohort studies and 1 case‐control study) with 4 886 977 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included into the meta‐analysis. The risk of ischemic stroke among patients with PSVT was significantly higher than individuals without PSVT with the pooled RR of 2.03 (95% CI, 1.22‐3.38, I2 = 89%).ConclusionThis study found that PSVT is associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke. Whether this association is causal and how it should be addressed in clinical practice require further investigations.
Cold‐tolerant endoglucanase producing ability of Mrakia robertii A2‐3 isolated from cryoconites, Hamtha glacier, Himalaya
Authors: Dhume Gandhali M. , Maharana Abhas K. , Tsuji Masaharu , Srivastava Alok K. , Singh Shiv M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA psychrotolerant yeast strain Mrakia robertii A2‐3 isolated from cryoconites of Hamtah glacier, Himalaya, India was investigated for the production of cold‐tolerant endoglucanase. Optimum endoglucanase production was found at 15°C with an initial pH of 5.5, and potent inducers were 1% wt/vol of xylose and KNO3 and 0.1% wt/vol of NaCl. Under optimum conditions, the enzyme production was 1.81‐fold higher than the unoptimized conditions. Crude enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by dialysis. The enzyme was purified to 2.53‐fold and the yield was 6.03% with specific activity of 17.38 U/mg and molecular weight ~57 kDa. The Km and Vmax values of the partially purified enzyme were found to be 1.57 mg/ml and 142.85 U/mg, respectively. The characterization study revealed that the best temperature was 15°C for activity and stability. Furthermore, the enzyme showed the highest activity at pH 11.0 and was stable at pH 6.0. Fe2+, Mn2+, Na2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ca2+ proved to be activators of endoglucanase. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid showed very low effect on the enzyme activity whereas it was active with Tween‐80 and sodium deoxycholate. The present study successfully produced a cold‐active endoglucanase with novel properties making it promising as a biocatalyst for industrial processes.
Climatology and change of extreme precipitation events in Taiwan based on weather types
Authors: Wu Yi‐chao , Wang S.‐Y. Simon , Yu Yi‐Chiang , Kung Chu‐Ying , Wang An‐Hsiang , Los Sebastian A. , Huang Wan‐Ru 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTaiwan's most significant natural hazards are caused by hydrological extremes resulting from excessive precipitation. The threat of extreme precipitation is posed by several different types of weather patterns that affect Taiwan. This study examined the bi‐decadal changes in rainfall by defining an extreme precipitation occurrence (EPO) for a range of event durations from 1 to 24 hr. Three major weather types affecting EPO in Taiwan were identified from 1993 to 2015: the front type consisting of either a frontal zone or convective systems developing with an apparent Meiyu cloudband, diurnal rainfall events when no apparent synoptic features are present, and a tropical cyclone (TC) type according to the maximum sustained wind radius of a TC. Results show that TC‐type events have the greatest overall contribution to EPO at longer (>6 hr) durations. Diurnal/afternoon convection events contribute most to the shorter (<3 hr) duration EPO, while frontal/Meiyu systems prevail in the medium (3–6 hr) duration. EPO of almost all durations have experienced an increase, with the 3‐ and 12‐hr EPO having increased by 4.6 days each over the 23 years. However, apparent decadal‐scale variability exists in these EPO associated with the decreasing tendency of EPO after the mid‐2000s, particularly the longer duration (>6 hr) EPO associated with the TC‐type events in summer. The distinction between EPO trends for the entire island of Taiwan and for the Taipei metropolitan area alone (northern Taiwan, population of 7 million) were compared, and an intriguing interannual variation is reported in the TC‐type EPO associated with the TC season 1 year to a year and half just before an El Niño–Southern Oscillation event. The analysis here provides refined statistical distributions of extreme rainfall, and these can contribute to the revision of governmental definitions for weather disasters that are used in mitigation and response strategies.