bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural gas and electricity: Two perspective technologies of substituting coal‐burning stoves for rural heating and cooking in Hebei Province of China
Authors: Zhao Nan , Zhang Yixiang , Li Bowen , Hao Jiong , Chen Deying , Zhou Yuguang , Dong Renjie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCoal not only powers the household, social and global economy development but also emits large pollutants. Natural gas and electricity can be promising solutions to the energy supply and environmental pollution dilemma in Hebei Province of China. Currently, this coal‐dependent province has launched the Hebei Air Pollution Prevention and Control Program to curb air pollution by replacing residential coal consumption with natural gas and electricity for space heating in winter. Approximately 2.53 million households have completed the switch from coal‐burning stoves to natural gas or electricity stoves in rural areas surrounding Beijing and Tianjin since 2017. However, the contribution of this clean heating replacement on provincial emission reduction remains unclear. This study aimed to determine emission factors, energy efficiency, and economic profits of traditional coal‐burning stoves, as well as cleaner natural gas and electricity stoves by laboratory simulation and field tests. The results indicated a significant reduction after clean replacement for PM2.5, CO, CO2, NOX, SO2, CH4, and 16 types of U.S. EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The emission of PM2.5 can be reduced by 99% and 95% for natural gas and electricity switch. Toxic equivalent quantity value of PAHs was also decreased from 4.89 (coal) to 0.03 (natural gas) and 0.07 μg/MJnet (electricity). When comprehensively considering the upstream pollutants emissions from power plant, natural gas switching performed better than coal‐fired electricity. Moreover, the government supported the clean heating replacement project with extensive financial subsidy for purchasing clean stoves and using clean energy within 3 years in rural areas. A relatively cheaper price on an energy basic of natural gas and electricity use can be obtained after this subsidy compared to coal.
Lower and upper Cretaceous paleosols in the western Sichuan Basin, China: Implications for regional paleoclimate
Authors: Li Jun , Wen Xingyue , Huang Chengmin 
Published: December 2018

Pedogenic features of paleosols preserved in the lower and upper Cretaceous sedimentary strata of the western Sichuan Basin, China, were described and examined in terms of their macromorphology and micromorphology, mineralogy, and geochemistry. These Cretaceous paleosols (entisols, inceptisols, and aridisols) are analogous to modern soil orders based on soil taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 2014). A quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimates inferred from the geochemical composition of paleosol horizons, depth to carbonate nodules, and the stable oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonates in paleosols indicates that a cool‐arid climate associated with short‐term subhumid fluctuations prevailed in the early Cretaceous (Hauterivian) and a cool‐arid climate regime existed in the late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of the Sichuan Basin. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations estimated from the paleosol barometer indicated values between 156 ± 138 and 753 ± 339 ppmv for the Hauterivian and between 110 ± 71 and 235 ± 77 ppmv for the middle–late Maastrichtian. An overall coupling between atmospheric pCO2 and paleotemperature occurred in the Sichuan Basin, while the covariations are likely linked to global cooling events in the Maastrichtian and/or are likely associated with the Faraoni oceanic anoxic event (F‐OAE) during the late Hauterivian. Paleoclimate variations in the Sichuan Basin were controlled by regional paleogeography, the prevalence of subtropical high‐pressure systems, monsoonal circulation, and the atmospheric CO2 level in the early and late Cretaceous.
Neurocognitive and psychiatric comorbidities of posttraumatic stress disorder among older veterans: A systematic review
Authors: Kang Bada , Xu Hanzhang , McConnell Eleanor S. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with neurocognitive and psychiatric comorbidities, and older adults experience comorbid illnesses disproportionately. Little is known about the comorbidities of PTSD among older veterans. This systematic review examines the prevalence, incidence, and patterns of neurocognitive and psychiatric comorbidities of PTSD among older veterans and explores the factors associated with these comorbidities.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. The search was limited to peer‐reviewed articles published in English from January 1980 to October 2018. Eligible studies examined the comorbid neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders of PTSD among veterans aged 60 and older.ResultsTwenty‐four studies met the criteria for inclusion. The risk for dementia was higher in veterans with PTSD than those without PTSD; hazard ratios ranged from 1.21 to 1.77. Depressive disorder was the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidity with estimates ranging from 33% to 52.3%, followed by generalized anxiety disorder (14%‐15%) and substance use disorders (1.9%‐11.3%). Factors consistently associated with PTSD comorbidities included age, combat‐related exposures, clinical conditions, and health‐related and psychosocial outcomes.ConclusionsDespite heterogeneity in research designs and methodological limitations, this review highlights the need to consider comorbid neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders among older veterans with PTSD in order to individualize care approaches. Future research should incorporate factors associated with neurocognitive and psychiatric comorbidities of PTSD into study designs that can help improve prediction of comorbidity and generate evidence for developing and implementing tailored treatments in older veterans.
A combined diffusion‐weighted and electroencephalography study on age‐related differences in connectivity in the motor network during bimanual performance
Authors: Babaeeghazvini Parinaz , Rueda‐Delgado Laura Milena , Zivari Adab Hamed , Gooijers Jolien , Swinnen Stephan , Daffertshofer Andreas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe studied the relationship between age‐related differences in inter‐ and intra‐hemispheric structural and functional connectivity in the bilateral motor network. Our focus was on the correlation between connectivity and declined motor performance in older adults. Structural and functional connectivity were estimated using diffusion weighted imaging and resting‐state electro‐encephalography, respectively. A total of 48 young and older healthy participants were measured. In addition, motor performances were assessed using bimanual coordination tasks. To pre‐select regions‐of‐interest (ROIs), a neural model was adopted that accounts for intra‐hemispheric functional connectivity between dorsal premotor area (PMd) and primary motor cortex (M1) and inter‐hemispheric connections between left and right M1 (M1L and M1R). Functional connectivity was determined via the weighted phase‐lag index (wPLI) in the source‐reconstructed beta activity during rest. We quantified structural connectivity using kurtosis anisotropy (KA) values of tracts derived from diffusion tensor‐based fiber tractography between the aforementioned areas. In the group of older adults, wPLI values between M1L–M1R were negatively associated with the quality of bimanual motor performance. The additional association between wPLI values of PMdL––M1L and PMdR–M1L supports that functional connectivity with the left hemisphere mediated (bimanual) motor control in older adults. The correlational analysis between the selected structural and functional connections revealed a strong association between wPLI values in the left intra‐hemispheric PMdL–M1L pathway and KA values in M1L–M1R and PMdR–M1L pathways in the group of older adults. This suggests that weaker structural connections in older adults correlate with stronger functional connectivity and, hence, poorer motor performance.
Recurrent connections between CA2 pyramidal cells
Authors: Okamoto Kazuki , Ikegaya Yuji 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecurrent excitatory synapses have theoretically been shown to play roles in memory storage and associative learning and are well described to occur in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Here, we report that the CA2 region also contains recurrent excitatory monosynaptic couplings. Using dual whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from CA2 pyramidal cells in mouse hippocampal slices under differential interference contrast microscopic controls, we evaluated monosynaptic excitatory connections. Unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials occurred in 1.4% of 502 cell pairs. These connected pairs were preferentially located in the superficial layer and proximal part (CA2b) of the CA2 region. These results indicate that recurrent excitatory circuits are denser in the CA2 region than in the CA1 region, as well as in the CA3 region.
Treatment of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in elderly patients: Replacing doxorubicin with either epirubicin or etoposide (VP‐16)
Authors: Prusila Roosa Enni Inkeri , Peroja Pekka , Jantunen Esa , Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen Taina , Kuittinen Outi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoma. The standard therapy for DLBCL is R‐CHOP. The current 5‐year overall survival is 60% to 70% using standard frontline therapy. However, the use of doxorubicin and its cardiotoxicity is a major clinical problem and preexisting cardiac disease may prevent the use of doxorubicin. Age greater than 65 years is a significant risk factor for anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity, and therefore, the use of R‐CHOP is often withheld from elderly patients. The feasibility of replacing doxorubicin with either epirubicin or etoposide in patients who have risk factors for heart complications is analyzed here. Clinical data of 223 DLBCL patients were retrospectively collected from hospital records. Fifty‐five patients were treated with R‐CHOP, 105 with R‐CIOP (epirubicin instead of doxorubicin), 17 with R‐CEOP (etoposide instead of doxorubicin), and 31 with R‐CHOEP. Matched‐pair analysis was carried out between 30 patients treated with R‐CEOP and R‐CHOP. For all patients, the 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) was 73.6%. In patients treated with R‐CHOP, the 2‐year PFS was 84.2%, with R‐CIOP 64.4%, with R‐CEOP 87.7%, and with R‐CHOEP 83.2%. In matched‐pair analysis, the 2‐year PFS was 92.3% with R‐CHOP and 86.2% with R‐CEOP. The 2‐year disease specific survival was 100% with R‐CHOP and 86.2% with R‐CEOP. In conclusion, R‐CEOP offers reasonable PFS and disease specific survival in the treatment of DLBCL and good disease control can be achieved in elderly patients. Elderly patients with impaired cardiac function could benefit from the use of R‐CEOP instead of R‐CHOP. The results with R‐CIOP were unsatisfactory, and we do not recommend using this protocol in elderly patients with cardiac disease.
The impact of well drawdowns on the mixing process of river water and groundwater and water quality in a riverside well field, Northeast China
Authors: Zhu Yaguang , Zhai Yuanzheng , Du Qingqing , Teng Yanguo , Wang Jinsheng , Yang Guang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRiverbank filtration (RBF) has been widely used throughout the world as an effective means to regulate surface water and groundwater resources and pretreat raw water for municipal water supply. The quality of the water from a riverside well field and the mixing ratios of surface water and groundwater is primarily impacted by the hydrodynamic processes in the RBF system. The RBF system is largely controlled by the water exploiting system in addition to the natural hydrologic condition of the river–aquifer system. As one of the most important design parameters of the riverside well field, the drawdown of groundwater level greatly determines the water head differences between the river water and groundwater as well as the field flow net, which subsequently impacts the mixing of river water and groundwater and water quality significantly. This study aimed to improve the understanding of the mixing process between the surface water and groundwater and estimate the impact of the RBF on the mixing ratio of surface water–groundwater and water quality quantitatively. A set of field pumping tests with various groundwater level drawdowns were carried out independently and successively at a riverside field with a single pumping well near the Songhua River in Northeast China in August 2017. During these tests, the water levels and hydrochemical parameters of the Songhua River, the adjacent aquifer, and the pumping well were monitored. The dynamic mixing process of the river water and groundwater and water quality under various drawdown conditions were analysed systematically using analytical methods. The results obtained from Dupuit method and the Mirror Image method in conjunction with the Hydrochemical Tracing method showed that the pumping water directly from the river water reached 60% ± 10% after a steady flow net was established. The larger the proportion of the pumping water captured from the river, the better quality of the pumping water was, because the quality of the river water (only limited to some water quality parameters monitored which were minority) was better than that of the groundwater. The results also showed that total Fe, TDS, total hardness, CODMn, and K+ were relatively sensitive to the changes of groundwater drawdown, and their concentrations decreased with an increase in the groundwater drawdown. It can be concluded that both the mixing ratio of the surface water and the groundwater and the water quality of the riverside well field can be regulated through adjusting the designed drawdown of the groundwater level, which is helpful for the design and the optimization of the riverside well water intake engineering.
Chemical Synthesis of Proteins that cannot be Obtained Recombinantly
Authors: Liu Lei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProteins are interesting but challenging targets for synthetic chemistry. Chemical synthesis of proteins that cannot be obtained recombinantly provides compounds that are needed for both basic research and development of functional molecules. In the essay, some recent examples are surveyed for the use of chemically synthesized proteins in studies on biochemistry and biophysics of protein post‐translational modification. Moreover, use of synthetic proteins for the development of peptide/mini‐protein‐based diagnostics and therapeutics is also discussed.
Forecast of Daily Reference Evapotranspiration Using a Modified Daily Thornthwaite Equation and Temperature Forecasts†
Authors: Chang Xiaomin , Wang Shaoli , Gao Zhanyi , Luo Yufeng , Chen Haorui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractShort‐term daily reference evapotranspiration (ET0) forecasts are helpful for real‐time irrigation decision making. Using a modified daily Thornthwaite (TH) equation and temperature forecasts, a method was proposed for ET0 forecasting. Daily meteorological data were obtained from the selected representative stations located in different climate regions in China. Data were collected from 2000 to 2012 to calibrate and validate the modified TH equation against the FAO56 Penman–Monteith (FAO56‐PM) equation. Temperatures forecasts for a 7‐day forecast period in 2012–2017 were input to the calibrated TH equation to forecast ET0. The results showed that the ET0 forecasting performance with the modified TH equation and temperature forecast was further improved at all stations after month‐wise calibration. The average accuracy of forecasted ET0 ranged from 87.3 to 91.2%, the average values of root mean square error (RMSE) ranged from 0.86 to 1.01 mm day‾¹; moreover, the average of regression coefficient (b), determined coefficient (R2) and modelling efficiency (EF) are greater than 0.82, 0.87 and 0.81. Furthermore, the sensitivity analyses show that the percentage change in ET0 forecast was more sensitive to predictions of temperature during the spring–summer period than autumn–winter. The proposed method produced good results of ET0 forecasts and can be a feasible solution for short‐term forecasting of ET0. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospective scintillation electron detectors for S(T)EM based on garnet film scintillators
Authors: Schauer Petr , Lalinský Ondřej , Kučera Miroslav 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe performance of a scintillation electron detector for a scanning electron microscope and/or a scanning transmission electron microscope (S(T)EM) based on new epitaxial garnet film scintillators was explored. The LuGAGG:Ce and LuGAGG:Ce,Mg film scintillators with chemical formula (Ce0.01Lu0.27Gd0.74)3–wMgw(Ga2.48Al2.46)O12 were prepared and their cathodoluminescence (CL) and optical properties were studied and compared with the properties of current standard bulk single crystal YAG:Ce and YAP:Ce scintillators. More specifically, CL decay characteristics, CL emission spectra, CL intensities, optical absorption coefficients, and the refractive indices of the mentioned scintillators were measured. Furthermore, electron interaction volumes with absorbed energy distributions, photomultiplier (PMT) photocathode matchings, modulation transfer functions (MTF), and the photon transport efficiencies of scintillation detectors with the mentioned scintillators were calculated. A CL decay time for the LuGAGG:Ce,Mg film scintillator as low as 28 ns with an afterglow of only 0.02% at 1 μs after the e‐beam excitation was observed. As determined from calculated MTFs, the scintillation detectors with the new film scintillators lose contrast transfer ability above 0.6 lp/pixel, while the currently commonly used YAG:Ce single crystal scintillators already do so above 0.1 lp/pixel. It was also calculated that the new studied film scintillators have an 8% higher photon transfer efficiency, even for a simple disk shape compared with the standard bulk single crystal YAG:Ce scintillator. The studied LuGAGG:Ce,Mg epitaxial garnet film scintillators were evaluated as prospective fast scintillators for electron detectors, not only in S(T)EM but also in other e‐beam devices.
Bio‐absorbable sealants for reinforcing the pancreatic stump after distal pancreatectomy are critical
Authors: Kühlbrey Christian M. , Kasper Steivan , Chikhladze Sophia , Seifert Gabriel , Hopt Ulrich T. , Fichtner‐Feigl Stefan , Wittel Uwe A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundBio‐absorbable sealants are widely used to reduce the rate and severity of postoperative pancreatic fistulas after distal pancreatectomy. However, numerous clinical trials have failed to demonstrate their clinical benefit. We therefore investigated stability and bio‐compatibility of absorbable sealants in vitro and in vivo.MethodsIn vitro, polymerized compounds were incubated in pancreatic juice before their stability was tested. In vivo, two compounds were used to seal the pancreatic stump after distal pancreatectomy in nine pigs. Burst pressure of the pancreatic stump, surgical outcome, histology of the pancreatic stump, systemic inflammation, and drain fluid was examined.ResultsProducts based on fibrin or collagen were unstable in the presence of active pancreatic enzymes and completely dissolved within 2 h. Sealants using chemical cross‐linking of proteins showed improved stability for 7 days. In vivo, application of polyethylenglycol‐based sealant leads to complete closure of the pancreatic duct after 5 days, while a glutaraldehyde‐based sealant prevented physiological closure of the pancreatic main duct.ConclusionsMany compounds used clinically to reinforce the pancreatic stump after distal pancreatectomy are inadequate due to instability in the presence of pancreatic enzymes. While selected bio‐absorbable sealants inhibited the natural healing of the pancreatic stump, polyethylenglycol‐based sealants should be tested in further clinical trials.
A comparison of different investigative interviewing techniques in generating differential recall enhancement and detecting deception
Authors: De Rosa Jacob , Hiscock‐Anisman Cheryl , Blythe Adam , Bogaard Glynis , Hally Ashley , Colwell Kevin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study compared the Stepwise Interview, Cognitive Interview, and Reality Interview in detecting deception with inmates. The dependent measures were the amount of unique details provided during the free narrative and mnemonics and the number of words provided during the free narrative and mnemonics of each interview. The Stepwise Interview generated 58.3% accuracy, the Cognitive Interview generated 70.0% accuracy, and the Reality Interview generated 93.3% accuracy. The different tasks of these interviews increased the differences between honest and deceptive statements and therefore, increased the accuracy in detection of deception. Differential recall enhancement is used to explain the findings.
Description of epithelial granular cell in catshark spiral intestine: Immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure
Authors: Sayyaf Dezfuli Bahram , Manera Maurizio , Bosi Giampaolo , Merella Paolo , DePasquale Joseph A. , Giari Luisa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe evaluated the histology of the spiral intestine of the blackmouth catshark (Galeus melastomus), a small shark distributed in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea basin. Entire digestive tracts of 10 G. melastomus were studied using histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural methods. Our studies identified a unique, large granular cell type in the intestinal epithelium. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the epithelial granular cell type made intimate contact, by means of junctional complexes, with adjacent epithelial and mucous cells. Several histochemical staining methods showed that the cytoplasmic granules were strongly eosinophilic. Immunostaining of intestinal sections revealed immunoreactivity of the granular cell to tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) antibody. However, no reactivity to inducible‐nitric oxide synthase (i‐NOS), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin IL‐1β, lysozyme, serotonin 5‐HT antibodies was detected.