bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mTOR and Beclin1: Two key autophagy‐related molecules and their roles in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Shi Binhao , Ma Mengqing , Zheng Yitian , Pan Yanyan , Lin Xianhe 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAutophagy is the general term of lysosomal degradation of substances in cells, which is considered the key to maintaining the normal structure and function of the heart. It also has a correlation with several heart diseases, in particular, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. At the stage of myocardial ischemia, autophagy degrades nonfunctional cytoplasmic proteins providing the critical nutrients for the critical life activities, thereby suppressing cell apoptosis and necrosis. However, autophagy is likely to affect the heart negatively in the reperfusion stage. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Beclin1 are two vital autophagy‐related molecules in myocardial I/R injury playing significant roles in different stages. In the ischemia stage, mTOR plays its roles through AMPK/mTOR and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway, whereas Beclin1 plays its roles through its upregulation in the reperfusion stage. A possible interaction between mTOR and Beclin1 has been reported recently, and further studies need to be done to find the underlying interaction between the two molecules in myocardial I/R injury
A Mechanism‐Based Population Pharmacokinetics Model of Erythropoietin in Premature Infants and Healthy Adults Following Multiple Intravenous Doses
Authors: D'Cunha Ronilda , Widness John A. , Yan Xiaoyu , Schmidt Robert L. , Veng‐Pedersen Peter , An Guohua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe objective of the current study was to develop a population pharmacokinetics (PK) model for erythropoietin (Epo) in premature infants and healthy adults to characterize the variation in PK, and to study the differences in Epo PK in these 2 populations. Thirteen very low‐birth‐weight premature infants (<1500 g at birth), and 10 healthy adults received up to 4 intravenous doses of Epo that ranged from 10 to 500 U/kg. The final model had a target‐mediated saturable, nonlinear, elimination pathway that incorporated the mechanism of Epo binding to its receptors along with a parallel linear, central elimination pathway. Epo clearance was found to be significantly higher in preterm infants compared to adults. Epo clearance via the nonlinear pathway was found to be much higher in infants; they had an Epo receptor capacity of 133 pM vs 86.6 pM in adults, which is most likely due to the higher erythroid progenitor cell mass per kilogram of body weight in infants. The parallel linear elimination was found to be more dominant in adults, reaching 91% of the total clearance with a 500‐U/kg dose compared to just 6.1% of the total clearance following the same dose in preterm infants. Thus, this mechanism‐based population PK model revealed that receptor‐based nonlinear elimination is the dominant Epo elimination pathway in premature infants, and parallel linear elimination is dominant in adults.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses and Model Validation of Tolvaptan in Subjects With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Lanke Shankar , Shoaf Susan E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTolvaptan is the first approved drug treatment to slow kidney function decline in adults at risk of rapidly progressing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The objective is to develop (1091 subjects, 7335 observations) and validate (678 subjects, 3012 observations) a population pharmacokinetic model to describe tolvaptan pharmacokinetics in ADPKD subjects. The final model was evaluated with a bootstrapping method. The final model was internally and externally evaluated using visual predictive checks (VPC). Pharmacokinetics was best described by a 1‐compartmental model with 0‐order absorption, nonlinear relative bioavailability (F1), and first‐order elimination. Accounting for changes in F1 significantly improved the model: as the dose increased from 15 mg to 120 mg, F1 decreased by 36%. Population estimates for clearance/F (CL/F), volume of distribution/F (Vd/F), duration of absorption (D1), the highest dose at which F1 is lowest, and the amount of dose at which F1 is 50% were 12.6 L·h‐1, 110 L, 0.58 hour, 182 mg, and 166 mg, respectively. The interindividual variability was 64% in CL/F, 70% in Vd/F, and 238% in D1. Residual variability was described by a combined‐error model. The VPC (500 data sets simulated) showed that 76% to 92% of the observed data fell within the 90% prediction intervals. The model stability assessed by a 1000‐run bootstrap analysis showed that the mean parameter estimates of data were within 10% of those obtained with the final model. The developed model is robust and stable. Internal and external validation confirmed the model ability to describe the data optimally.
Comparison of Cognitive Impairments After Intensive Care Unit Sedation Using Dexmedetomidine and Propofol Among Older Patients
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Liu Yi , Liu Yunfeng , Liu Feifei , Ma Yuxia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite the high prevalence of cognitive impairment among older adults, little is known about the association of the selection of dexmedetomidine and propofol on cognitive functions of patients after a critical illness. Patients aged ≥70 years who received intensive care unit (ICU) care from Cangzhou Central Hospital between 2013 and 2016 were enrolled and randomized into a dexmedetomidine group and a propofol group with matched demographic and clinical characteristics. At discharge from the ICU and 4 weeks later, the cognitive status of patients was assessed and compared using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment system. There were 164 patients included in the dexmedetomidine group and 159 patients in the propofol group. No significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in terms of age, female sex, body weight, educational level, ICU and hospital stay, comorbidities, and medications. Further, patients from the 2 groups at ICU discharge did not demonstrate significant difference on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment component scores, which showed significant differences between the 2 groups 4 weeks later (P < .05). Moreover, dexmedetomidine and propofol showed different levels of impacts on the cognitive function of patients discharged from the postanesthesia care unit, neurological ICU, and medical ICU. This study demonstrated that patients discharged from the ICU who received propofol for sedation showed less impairment on the cognitive functions when compared with patients who received dexmedetomidine during ICU care 4 weeks after discharge. Despite some limitations, this study provides insights to the decision‐making process in the selection of appropriate sedation strategy, especially for the elderly patients.
One hour enzymatic synthesis of structure lipids enriched unsaturated fatty acids from silkworm pupae oil under microwave irradiation
Authors: Wang Jin‐Zheng , Liu Xi , Li Wen‐Jing , Song Wen‐Miao , Herman Richard Ansah , Sheng Sheng , Wu Fu‐An , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe silkworm pupae of Bombyx mori L. are considered to be a valuable unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) resource. Enzymatic transesterification, which can produce structured lipids (SLs), is regarded as a desirable approach to utilize this resource, but requires long reaction time. A method to reduce the reaction time and obtain novel SLs is thus desirable. Hence, microwave irradiation was employed to reduce the reaction time and obtain novel SLs. In addition, high‐performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light scattering detector was employed to investigate the contribution of the fatty acids (FAs) after microwave irradiation.RESULTSOne hour was required for a 1:5 substrate ratio of silkworm pupae oil (SPO):oleic acid (OA) using a solvent‐free system catalysed by Lipozyme RM IM (7%) at 60 °C with microwave irradiation at 50 W to obtain the novel SLs. The relative content of polyunsaturated FAs glyceride increased from 51.1% to 81.0%, and the relative content of glycerol trioleate (OOO) in SPO obtained in the microwave reactor was twice as high as that in the shaker reactor. In addition, the relative content of OA was increased from 3.9% to 35.8% in total compared with the products from the shaker reactor. Furthermore, the changes of α‐helix relative content of Lipozyme RM IM were observed after the reaction under the microwave irradiation.CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that variations in the FA distribution of enzymatic transesterification reactions caused by microwave irradiation could aid the addition of OA and enrichment of UFAs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of ZnZr composites for the photocatalytic degradation of phenolic molecules: addition effect of ZrO2over hydrozincite Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2
Authors: Tzompantzi‐Flores Clara , Castillo‐Rodríguez Julio Cesar , Gómez Ricardo , Tzompantzi Francisco , Pérez‐Hernández Raúl , De la Luz Tlapaya Verónica , Santolalla‐Vargas Carlos Eduardo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe composite materials ZrO2/Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2were prepared in only one step by chemical co‐precipitation and thermal hydrolysis of urea. ZrO2was added at 5, 8 and 10 mol%. The samples were dried at 80 °C and characterized by adsorption–desorption of N2isotherms, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, and diffuse reflectance (DRS), UV–visible, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. The materials were assessed in the photodegradation of phenol and polychlorinated phenolic molecules under UV‐light irradiation. The possible mechanism was discussed from studies that corroborated or discarded the formation of the species •OH, •O2−and h+.RESULTSThe addition of ZrO2to Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2resulted in a composite material with high photoactivity. The material containing 8 mol% of ZrO2(ZnZr‐8.0%) was the sample with the best percentages of photodegradation and mineralization. The photodegradation enhancement was achieved partly by an increment in the specific surface area and principally due to localized states originating in the composite interphase which improved charge transfer. XPS study revealed that the ZrO2addition increases the oxygen vacancies which enhanced the organic molecule photodegradation via direct hole attack.CONCLUSIONThe ZnZr composite system constitutes an excellent alternative for the photodegradation of persistent organic pollutants due to the low cost, high stability and null toxicity of the support Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Preliminary design of a phenols purification plant
Authors: Zagklis Dimitris P , Paraskeva Christakis A 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhenols are compounds found in agricultural by‐products, with high antioxidant activity and positive impact on human health. As a result, their isolation and purification is of interest for the production of cosmetics, nutritional and pharmaceutical supplements.A preliminary design for a plant with a treatment capacity of 1.1 m3 h−1 of liquid by‐products or extracts is presented herein, based on experiments carried out with three materials rich in phenolic compounds. The proposed process for the separation of phenols implements physicochemical methods such as solvent extraction, filtration through membranes, adsorption/desorption on resins and vacuum evaporation. The materials tested were olive mill wastewater (OMW), grape marc and olive leaves.RESULTSThe final products of the proposed process were rich in phenolic compounds, with the OMW final concentrate containing 378 g L−1 phenols in gallic acid equivalents, 84.8 g L−1 being hydroxytyrosol (61% of the initial amount of hydroxytyrosol was retrieved in the final concentrate in 0.05% of the initial OMW volume). The final concentrate of olive leaf extract contained 98 g L−1 phenols in gallic acid equivalents, and the final concentrate of grape marc phenols 190 g L−1 in gallic acid equivalents, containing 4.7 g L−1 catechin (25% of the initial amount of catechin was retrieved in the final concentrate in 0.04% of the initial extract volume).CONCLUSIONSThe combination of the proposed techniques proved to be effective for the separation and purification of phenols contained in agro‐industrial by‐products. As a result, a new process was designed for their separation and purification. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Ventricular septal rupture with right ventricular wall dissection after inferior ventricular infarction: A case report and literature review
Authors: Li Tan , Kong Fan‐Xin , Wang Jun‐Li , Yang Jun , Ma Chun‐Yan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRight ventricular (RV) wall dissection following ventricular septal rupture related to inferior myocardial infarction (MI) is an extremely rare complication with a high mortality rate. We report the case of a 61‐year‐old man who was admitted to our hospital because of syncope and intermittent chest pain with a precordial murmur. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a rupture at the basal infero‐posterior septum and RV free‐wall dissection forming an echolucent cavity that extended beyond the septum and subsequently re‐entered into RV chamber. The patient's overall cardiac and renal functions deteriorated and he died 24 days after the diagnosis. We present a literature review of the published cases of complex dissecting tracts through the septum and RV wall in ischemic context.
Palyno‐morphological investigations of halophytic taxa of Amaranthaceae through SEM from Salt range of Northern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Nazish Moona , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Sultana Shazia , Ullah Riaz , Alqahtani Ali S. , Ullah Farhat , Ahmad Shafiq , Ashfaq Shomaila , Ullah Fazal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe pollen morphology of 11 salt tolerant plant species of family Amaranthaceae from the salt range of Northern Punjab, Pakistan has been studied. The palyno‐morphological characters were examined using light and scanning electron microscope. The examined all salt tolerant species have a slight difference in size but have similarity in shape, pore ornamentation, and polarity. The observed morphological characters of pollen grains were pollen symmetry, size, shape, pore ornamentation, pore size, number of pores, exine thickness, polar and equatorial diameter and, P/E ratio. Apolar type of pollens has been observed in all species. Shape of pollens was spheroidal. Exine sculpturing of pollen grains was scabrate (six spp), microechinate (four spp), and microechinate‐scabrate (one spp). Different pori numbers were observed in different species. The pantoporate aperturate and sunken pore ornamentation have been reported in all species. A pollen taxonomic key was developed using examined morphological characters for the accurate identification of halophytic taxa. The high fertility and low sterility of pollens confirmed that the selected halophytes are well‐established in the salt region. The findings highlight the taxonomic significance of pollen morphology in correct identification and differentiation of salt tolerant plant species.
Hyperthermia due to heat retention in chronic spinal cord injury: A case report
Authors: Tomoda Yoshitaka , Kagawa Satoshi , Kurata Satoshi , Tanaka Kazutoyo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn 80‐year‐old male with past history of cervical spinal cord injury visited our hospital owing to perforation in the digestive tract. Upon admission to the general ward, he presented with a sustained fever that was unresponsive to acetaminophen and antibiotics. Based on the dry skin and underlying disease, he was diagnosed with hyperthermia due to heat retention. After controlling the room temperature to cool his body and performing evaporative and convective cooling, his symptoms completely resolved. This case highlights that primary physicians should be aware of thermoregulatory dysfunction in patients with cervical spinal cord injury.
Optimizing Texture Retrieving Model for Multimodal MR Image‐Based Support Vector Machine for Classifying Glioma
Authors: Yang Yang , Yan Lin‐Feng , Zhang Xin , Nan Hai‐Yan , Hu Yu‐Chuan , Han Yu , Zhang Jin , Liu Zhi‐Cheng , Sun Ying‐Zhi , Tian Qiang , Yu Ying , Sun Qian , Wang Si‐Yuan , Zhang Xiao , Wang Wen , Cui Guang‐Bin 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundAccurate glioma grading plays an important role in patient treatment.PurposeTo investigate the influence of varied texture retrieving models on the efficacy of grading glioma with support vector machine (SVM).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 117 glioma patients including 25, 29, and 63 grade II, III, and IV gliomas, respectively, based on WHO 2007.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T MRI/ T1WI, T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, contrast enhanced T1, arterial spinal labeling, diffusion‐weighted imaging (0, 30, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, and 3500 sec/mm2), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced.AssessmentTexture attributes from 30 parametric maps were retrieved using four models, including Global, gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM), gray‐level run‐length matrix (GLRLM), and gray‐level size‐zone matrix (GLSZM). Attributes derived from varied models were input into radial basis function SVM (RBF‐SVM) combined with attribute selection using SVM‐recursive feature elimination (SVM‐RFE). The SVM model was trained and established with 80% randomly selected data of each category using 10‐fold crossvalidation. The model performance was further tested using the remaining 20% data.Statistical TestsTen‐fold crossvalidation was used to validate the model performance.ResultsBased on 30 parametric maps, 90, 240, 390, or 390 texture attributes were retrieved using the Global, GLCM, GLRLM, or GLSZM model, respectively. SVM‐RFE was able to reduce attribute redundancy as well as improve RBF‐SVM performance. Training data were oversampled by applying the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) method to overcome the data imbalance problem; test results were able to further demonstrate the classifying performance of the final models. GLSZM using gray‐level 64 was the optimal model to retrieve powerful image texture attributes to produce enough classifying power with an accuracy / area under the curve of 0.760/0.867 for the training and 0.875/0.971 for the independent test. Fifteen attributes were selected with SVM‐RFE to provide comparable classifying efficacy.Data ConclusionWhen using image textures‐based SVM classification of gliomas, the GLSZM model in combination with gray‐level 64 and attribute selection may be an optimized solution.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1263–1274.
Impact of HPyV9 and TSPyV coinfection on the development of BK polyomavirus viremia and associated nephropathy after kidney transplantation
Authors: van Rijn Aline L. , Wunderink Herman F. , de Brouwer Caroline S. , van der Meijden Els , Rotmans Joris I. , Feltkamp Mariet C. W. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundBK polyomavirus (BKPyV) persistently infects the urinary tract and causes viremia and nephropathy in kidney transplantation (KTx), recipients. In a previous study, we observed an increased incidence and load of BKPyV viremia in KTx patients coinfected with human polyomavirus 9 (HPyV9). Here we sought confirmation of this observation and explored whether novel HPyVs that have been detected in urine (HPyV9 and trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus [TSPyV]) potentially aggravate BKPyV infection.MethodsA well‐characterized cohort of 209 KTx donor‐recipient pairs was serologically and molecularly analyzed for HPyV9 and TSPyV coinfection. These data were correlated with the occurrence of BKPyV viremia and BKPyVAN in the recipients within a year after KTx.ResultsSeropositivity for HPyV9 (19%) and TSPyV (89%) was comparable between donors and recipients and did not correlate with BKPyV viremia and BKPyVAN that developed in 25% and 3% of the recipients, respectively. Two recipients developed TSPyV viremia and none HPyV9 viremia. Modification of the predictive effect of donor BKPyV seroreactivity on recipient BKPyV viremia by HPyV9 and TSPyV was not observed.ConclusionsOur data provide no evidence for a promoting effect of HPyV9 and TSPyV on BKPyV infection and BKPyVAN in renal allograft patients. Therefore, we do not recommend including HPyV9 and TSPyV screening in KTx patients.
Instructions Moderate the Relationship between Creative Performance in Figural Divergent Thinking and Reasoning Capacity
Authors: Wilken Andrea , Forthmann Boris , Holling Heinz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study with within‐subject design, the “be‐creative effect” was investigated using three instructions in figural divergent‐thinking tasks: Besides a be‐fluent instruction, a be‐creative instruction, and a be‐creative instruction combined with strategies were applied. In addition, reasoning ability as part of fluid intelligence, self‐reported creative ideation, current motivation after reading the instructions, and task‐related interest were assessed. Multilevel analysis applying random‐intercept‐constant‐slope models found significant main effects of the instructions on creative performance and fluency. Both be‐creative instructions yielded a rise in creative performance in divergent thinking tasks with additional improvement due to supporting strategies. The be‐fluent instruction enhanced the quantity of ideas but decreased creative performance. Task‐related interest turned out to be a better predictor of creative performance than the self‐estimated expected interest prior to working on the task. Moreover, the relationship of creative performance and reasoning ability was moderated by instruction, with no relationship with a be‐fluent instruction and small to moderate positive effects with both instructions emphasizing creative ideas.
Design and effectiveness of pulsed electric fields towards seed disinfection
Authors: Evrendilek Gulsun A , Karatas Berna , Uzuner Sibel , Tanasov Igor 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeeds harbor different microorganisms on their surfaces that degrade seed quality, thus causing an economic loss. Even though different approaches are available for the disinfection of seed surfaces, there is a need to develop environmentally friendly and sustainable technologies. A bench‐scale pulsed electric field (PEF) unit was designed to inactivate microflora of eight seeds after which the resultant vigor of the treated seeds was determined.RESULTSSignificant reductions were obtained in endogenous natural and inoculated pathogenic (Alternaria brassica and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Drechslera graminea and Fusarium graminearum) microflora of seeds. The survival ratios of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and of total mold and yeast decreased significantly for winter wheat and barley, parsley, onion, lettuce, tomato, and garden rocket with the PEF treatments of 240 and 960 J. A significant increase in germination ratio was observed for winter wheat and barley, lettuce, and tomato with 960 J. Germination energy increased for parsley with 240 J and for winter wheat and barley, lettuce, tomato, and garden rocket with 960 J. A better root development and seedling were found for winter barley.CONCLUSIONPEFs are a viable option to both disinfect seed surfaces and improve seed vigor. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry