bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global gene expression reveals an increase of HMGB1 and APEX1 proteins and their involvement in oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation pathways among beta‐thalassaemia intermedia and major phenotypes
Authors: Maia de Oliveira da Silva João Pedro , Brugnerotto Ana Flávia , S. Romanello Karen , K. L. Teixeira Karina , Lanaro Carolina , S. Duarte Adriana , G. L. Costa Gustavo , da Silva Araújo Aderson , C. Bezerra Marcos André , de Farias Domingos Igor , Pereira Martins Diego A. , Malavazi Iran , F. Costa Fernando , da Cunha Anderson F. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBeta‐thalassaemia (BT) is classified according to blood transfusion requirement as minor (BTMi), intermedia (BTI) and major (BTM). BTM is the most severe form, requiring regular transfusions while transfusion need is only occasional in BTI. Differential gene expression between patients has not been assessed so far. Here, we evaluated the global gene expression profiles during differentiation of human erythroid cells of two patients carrying the same mutation [CD39, (C → T)], though displaying different phenotypes (BTI and BTM). Considering the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathophysiology of thalassaemia, we focused on differentially expressed genes involved in metabolic pathways triggered by ROS, such as inflammation and apoptosis, and, from these, we selected the Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APEX1) and High Mobility Group Box1 (HMGB1) genes, whose role in BT is not well established. An in‐depth expression analysis of transcriptional and protein levels in patients carrying a range of mutations associated with BT phenotypes indicated that APEX1 was increased in both BTI and BTM. Furthermore, higher amounts of HMGB1 was found in the plasma of BTI patients. Our findings suggest that these proteins have important roles in BT and could represent new targets for further studies aiming to improve the management of the disease.
Proximity proteomics identifies cancer cell membrane cis‐molecular complex as a potential cancer target
Authors: Kotani Norihiro , Yamaguchi Arisa , Ohnishi Tomoko , Kuwahara Ryusuke , Nakano Takanari , Nakano Yuka , Ida Yui , Murakoshi Takayuki , Honke Koichi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCancer‐specific antigens expressed in the cell membrane have been used as targets for several molecular targeted strategies in the last 20 years with remarkable success. To develop more effective cancer treatments, novel targets and strategies for targeted therapies are needed. Here, we examined the cancer cell membrane‐resident “cis‐bimolecular complex” as a possible cancer target (cis‐bimolecular cancer target: BiCAT) using proximity proteomics, a technique that has attracted attention in the last 10 years. BiCAT were detected using a previously developed method termed the enzyme‐mediated activation of radical source (EMARS), to label the components proximal to a given cell membrane molecule. EMARS analysis identified some BiCAT, such as close homolog of L1 (CHL1), fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGFR3) and α2 integrin, which are commonly expressed in mouse primary lung cancer cells and human lung squamous cell carcinoma cells. Analysis of cancer specimens from 55 lung cancer patients revealed that CHL1 and α2 integrin were highly co–expressed in almost all cancer tissues compared with normal lung tissues. As an example of BiCAT application, in vitro simulation of effective drug combinations used for multiple drug treatment strategies was performed using reagents targeted to BiCAT molecules. The combination treatment based on BiCAT information moderately suppressed cancer cell proliferation compared with single administration, suggesting that the information about BiCAT in cancer cells is useful for the appropriate selection of the combination among molecular targeted reagents. Thus, BiCAT has the potential to contribute to several molecular targeted strategies in future.
Variability of photosensitive period and voltinism among populations of a butterfly, Ypthima multistriata, inhabiting similar latitudes and altitudes
Authors: Hasegawa Yuto , Takeuchi Tsuyoshi , Hirai Norio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn Ypthima multistriata Butler (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), there are univoltine and bivoltine populations in adjacent areas with similar climatic conditions. A previous study revealed that larvae of both univoltine and bivoltine populations diapause under a constant short day (i.e., a constant short light period; L13:D11), but not under a constant long‐day condition (L16:D8). However, in both types of populations, adults of an overwintering generation appear and oviposit in June and soon thereafter larvae hatch. Therefore, the younger larvae (at least the first instars) of both types of populations experience a long day; nevertheless, the larvae of univoltine populations diapause in nature. To resolve this inconsistency, we set up two hypotheses: (1) the photosensitive stage of larvae is the second instar or later, and (2) the photosensitive stage of univoltine populations is later than that of bivoltine populations. To test these hypotheses, we performed rearing experiments with two univoltine populations and two bivoltine ones. The results indicated that the photosensitive stage was the second or third instar and that the photosensitive stage was later in one univoltine population than in the two bivoltine populations. Larvae of the other univoltine population diapaused under all conditions. The former result supports our hypothesis, and the latter result indicates that the response to photoperiod is different among univoltine populations. In addition, larval development was slower in one univoltine population than in the bivoltine populations, which also delays the timing of the diapause decision in this univoltine population. Larvae that experienced a long day during the first and middle instars but experienced a short day at the end of their larval stage developed faster than larvae that experienced a constant long day. This may be an adaptation to enable emergence before the start of a cold season that is unsuitable for reproduction.
Traumatic dental injuries and experiences along the life course – a study among 16‐yr‐old pupils in western Norway
Authors: Bratteberg Magnus , Thelen Dorina S. , Klock Kristin S. , Bårdsen Asgeir 
Published: June 2019

The study assessed risk factors for traumatic dental injuries (TDI) using experiences along the life course. A retrospective longitudinal study, including historical clinical data, was conducted on 16‐yr‐old pupils in western Norway. All first‐grade pupils born in 1997 and attending public high schools were invited to participate (n = 5,184). Participants responded to an electronically administered closed‐ended questionnaire (39.6%,n = 2,055). Information on the occurrence ofTDIand events during the life course (categorized as socio‐economic, biological, psychosocial, and behavioural indicators) was collected. Variables with a significant bivariate association with three different dependent variables (TDI, severity ofTDI, and multiple episodes ofTDI) were tested in a hierarchical logistic regression analysis. Traumatic dental injuries were more frequent among boys, adolescents of higher socio‐economic status, and adolescents with adverse psychosocial and behavioural scores. Moderate and severeTDIs were more frequent among adolescents with adverse psychosocial and behavioural scores and among adolescents participating in the sport of wrestling. Multiple episodes ofTDIwere more frequent among adolescents with adverse psychosocial and behavioural scores and among adolescents participating in sports activities. Incorporation of different life‐course indicators is important in evaluatingTDIseverity and repeated incidents.
Dietitians’ perspectives of the barriers and enablers to delivering patient‐centred care
Authors: Levey R. , Ball L. , Chaboyer W. , Sladdin I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐centred care (PCC) is widely recognised as being important with respect to the delivery of quality health care. However, limited research has exploredPCCin the dietetic context. In particular, dietitians’ views of the barriers and enablers to delivering a patient‐centred approach have not been investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore primary care dietitians’ perspectives of the barriers and enablers to deliveringPCC.MethodsThe present study was situated in a constructivist–interpretivist paradigm and used qualitative methods. Both convenience and snowball sampling were used to recruit Australian Accredited Practising Dietitians (APD) who were working in primary care. Individual semi‐structured interviews explored dietitians’ perspectives of the barriers and enablers to deliveringPCC. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsTwelveAPDs were interviewed between March and April 2018. Seven themes were discovered: (i) challenges in definingPCC; (ii) valuingPCC; (iii) enactingPCC; (iv) requiring additional education inPCC; (v) evaluating one's own practice; (vi) workplace pressures and constraints; and (vii) keeping up with expectations.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that: (i) the meaning ofPCCin dietetics should be clarified to ensure it is being practiced consistently; (ii) undergraduate curricula require a greater emphasis onPCCso that dietitians graduate with the necessary knowledge and skills; (iii) there is a need for more professional development training to facilitate uptake ofPCCin practice; and (iv) quantitative measurement ofPCCusing validated instruments is needed to evaluatePCCin the dietetic setting. Addressing some of these factors may assist dietitians to adopt these practices.
Gonadal hormones differentially regulate sex‐specific stress effects on glia in the medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Bollinger Justin L. , Salinas Isabella , Fender Emily , Sengelaub Dale R. , Wellman Cara L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWomen are more susceptible to various stress‐linked psychopathologies, including depression. Dysfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in depression, and studies indicate sex differences in stress effects on mPFC structure and function. For example, chronic stress induces dendritic atrophy in the mPFC in male rats, yet dendritic growth in females. Recent findings suggest glial pathways toward depression. Glia are highly responsive to neuronal activity and function as critical regulators of synaptic plasticity. Preclinical models demonstrate stress‐induced microglial activation in mPFC in males, yet deactivation in females. By contrast, stress reduces astrocyte complexity in mPFC in male rats, whereas the effects in females are unknown. Glia possess receptors for most gonadal hormones and gonadal hormones are known to modulate neuronal activity. Thus, gonadal hormones represent a potential mechanism underlying sex differences in glia, as well as divergent stress effects. Therefore, we examined the role of gonadal hormones in sex‐specific stress effects on neuronal activity (ie FosB/ ΔFosB induction) and glia in the mPFC. The findings obtained indicate greater microglial activation in mPFC in females and a greater astrocyte area in males. Basal astrocyte morphology is modulated by androgens, whereas androgens or oestrogens dampen the microglial state in males. Astrocyte morphology is associated with neuronal activity in both sexes, regardless of hormonal condition. Chronic stress induced astrocytic atrophy in males, yet hypertrophy in females, with gonadal hormones partly regulating this difference. Stress effects on microglia are oestradiol‐dependent in females. Taken together, these data suggest sex‐specific, gonadal hormone‐dependent stress effects on astrocytes and microglia in the mPFC.
Alterations in the expression of EMT‐related proteins claudin‐1, claudin‐4 and claudin‐7, E‐cadherin, TWIST1 and ZEB1 in oral lichen planus
Authors: Hämäläinen Lasse , Soini Ylermi , Pasonen‐Seppänen Sanna , Siponen Maria 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic T‐cell‐mediated inflammatory disease, which is associated with increased risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma. Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition is a physiological phenomenon occurring during growth and organogenesis, but it has also an important role in tumorigenesis. In the present work, we studied the expression of known epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition markers in oral lichen planus.MethodsIn total, 54 oral lichen planus and 22 control samples were analyzed for epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition markers. Samples were immunohistochemically stained for claudin‐1, claudin‐4 and claudin‐7, cadherin‐1 (E‐cadherin), Twist‐related protein 1 (TWIST1) and zinc finger E‐box‐binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1).ResultsThe expression of claudin‐1, claudin‐4 and E‐cadherin was significantly weaker in oral lichen planus epithelium compared to controls (P < 0.001). The quantity of claudin‐7‐expressing cells (P < 0.001) and claudin‐7 staining intensity (P < 0.05) in the stroma was greater in lichen planus than in control samples. TWIST1 and ZEB1 stainings were negative in the epithelium in both lichen planus and controls. The number of TWIST1‐expressing cells in the stroma was higher in lichen planus than in controls (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in ZEB1 staining intensity in the stroma between lichen planus and control samples (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe data indicate that the expression of claudin‐1, claudin‐4 and E‐cadherin is decreased in oral lichen planus. This may lead to disturbance in epithelial tight junctions, cell‐cell connections and epithelial permeability, contributing to oral lichen planus pathogenesis. Based on the present study, the role of TWIST1 and ZEB1 in oral lichen planus remains unclear.
No increased risk of transfusion‐transmissible infections after tattooing, body piercing, or acupuncture among blood donors in the Netherlands
Authors: Prinsze Femmeke J. , van de Laar Thijs , Slot Ed , de Jong Maarten , Bokhorst Arlinke , de Kort Wim , Zaaijer Hans , van den Hurk Katja 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUNDIn the Netherlands, needle‐related events (NREs) including tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture are a reason for temporary blood donor deferral. This study aims to evaluate whether donors with recent NREs had a higher risk of transfusion‐transmissible infections (TTIs) compared to donors without recent NREs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSData from 2006 through 2015 on all blood donation attempts in the Netherlands were collected. Multivariate regression models (for repeated measurements) were used to assess the associations between recent NREs and the acquisition of TTIs. Posttest counseling data were used to determine the most likely risk factor in TTI‐positive new and repeat donors.RESULTSRecent NREs were documented in 97,518 out of 9,266,036 (1.1%) donation attempts; 14,097 (14.5%) NREs resulted in NRE‐based donor deferral. Recent NREs reported pre‐donation were not associated with an increased risk for TTIs. A total of 29 out of 287 TTI‐positive donors (11 repeat donors, 18 new donors) reported a recent NRE pre‐ and/or post‐donation. Recent NREs, all needle‐stick injuries, were the likely route of transmission in 12 out of 287 (4.2%) of TTI‐positive donors. The donor health questionnaire (DHQ) identified only 1 out of 12 TTI‐linked NREs. Non‐return after NRE deferral, any deferral, or no deferral was 24, 15, and 5%, respectively.DISCUSSIONRecent tattoos, body piercings, or acupuncture were not associated with an increased risk for TTIs in Dutch donors. Given the lower return rates of donors following a temporary NRE‐based deferral, we advocate ending blood donor deferral policies for acupuncture, tattooing, and body piercings, but not needle‐stick injuries, in countries where these practices can be considered safe.
Retrospective evaluation of pericardial catheter placement in the management of pericardial effusion in dogs (2007–2015):18 cases
Authors: Cook Simon , Cortellini Stefano , Humm Karen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of pericardial catheters in dogs with pericardial effusion (PE), and detail any associated adverse events.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsEighteen client‐owned dogs that had pericardial catheters placed for pericardial fluid drainage between May 2007 and January 2015.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsAll pericardial catheters were placed within 5 hours of presentation, usually within 1 hour (median 72.5 min, range 45–300 min). Ten of 18 cases were sedated with butorphanol, and 4 with additional midazolam. Four had pericardial catheters positioned for single drainage only and were immediately removed. The other 14 pericardial catheters remained in situ for a median of 18 hours (range 2–88 h). Ten of the remaining 14 cases were redrained after pericardial catheter placement. The main adverse events reported were new arrhythmias in 6/18 cases, with 4 of these 6 patients being administered anti‐arrhythmic therapy. No infectious or functional complications were reported. Ten patients were discharged, 1 died and 7 were euthanized.ConclusionsThoracic drainage catheters inserted into the pericardial space via a modified‐Seldinger technique can be positioned in dogs to aid management of PEs. The main associated adverse event is arrhythmia. Minimal sedation is required for placement, and dogs tend not to require postprocedural analgesia. Catheters can remain in situ for repeated drainage, potentially decreasing staffing time requirement and repeat sedation. Their use is associated with a rate of arrhythmia requiring treatment of 22%, compared to that of needle pericardiocentesis alone at 13%. They are easy to position using equipment available in many facilities.
Primary care models for community-dwelling adults with long-term conditions: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Whiting Samantha , Robertson David , Bannigan Katrina 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review aims to map primary care models designed to support adults with long-term conditions. The review will analyze the following in relation to the models identified: characteristics, impact reported, implications for practice and outcome measures.

Introduction:
Robust solutions to support individuals with long-term conditions need to be established in order to increase health service capacity and provide cost-effective solutions while, most importantly, ensuring they receive the best services to live meaningful and productive lives.

Inclusion criteria:
The concept to be mapped is primary care models used to support adults living with long-term conditions. This may also encompass services not solely designed for people with long-term conditions; however, they will be services that may be the first port of call for this group. Operational a priori criteria have been designed to assist with distinguishing appropriate literature.

Methods:
Due to the nature of the scoping review, literature from a range of published and unpublished sources will be utilized from 1995 to 2019. Databases to be searched will include: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, HMIC, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Web of Science. Appropriate gray literature will be searched, alongside hand searching selected primary care journals, conference abstracts and professional and government bodies. Articles will be restricted to English. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers for assessment against the inclusion criteria. Charting of the data will include details about the population, concept, context, study methods and key findings relevant to the review objective.
STIM calcium sensing and conformational change
Authors: Gudlur Aparna , Zeraik Ana Eliza , Hirve Nupura , Hogan Patrick G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe control of calcium influx at the plasma membrane by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium stores, a process common to invertebrates and vertebrates, is central to physiological calcium signalling and cellular calcium balance. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a calcium sensor and regulatory protein localized to the ER. ORAI1 is a calcium channel in the plasma membrane (PM). In outline, STIM1 senses an ER‐luminal calcium decrease, relocalizes to ER–PM junctions, and recruits and gates ORAI1 channels. Recent work, reviewed here, has offered detailed insight into the process of sensing and communicating ER calcium‐store depletion, and particularly into the STIM1 conformational change that is the basis for communication between the ER and the PM.
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Evaluating intermuscular Golgi tendon organ feedback with twitch contractions
Authors: Lyle Mark A. , Nichols T. Richard 
Published: June 2019

Key points
Golgi tendon organ feedback has been evaluated most frequently using electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, which is not a physiological or selective stimulus for Golgi tendon organs.
Golgi tendon organs are most responsive to active muscle contractions.
This study provides evidence that muscle stimulation evoked twitches – a physiological stimulus for Golgi tendon organs – induces intermuscular effects most likely due to mechanical activation of Golgi tendon organ feedback and not direct activation of sensory axons.
The results demonstrate that twitch contractions are a feasible non‐invasive approach that can be used to advance understanding of the functional role of Golgi tendon organ feedback.
AbstractForce feedback from Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) has widespread intermuscular projections mediated by interneurons that share inputs from muscle spindles, among others. Because current methods to study GTO circuitry (nerve stimulation or muscle stretch) also activate muscle spindle afferents, the selective role of GTOs remains uncertain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that intramuscular stimulation evoked twitch contractions could be used to naturally bias activation of GTOs and thus evaluate their intermuscular effects in decerebrate cats. This was achieved by comparing the effects of twitch contractions and stretches as donor inputs onto the motor output of recipient muscles. Donor–recipient pairs evaluated included those already known in the cat to receive donor excitatory muscle spindle feedback only, inhibitory GTO feedback only, and both excitatory spindle and inhibitory GTO effects. Muscle stretch, but not twitch contractions, evoked excitation onto recipient muscles with muscle spindle afferent inputs only. Both donor muscle stretch and twitch contractions inhibited a recipient muscle with GTO projections only. In a recipient muscle that receives both muscle spindle and GTO projections, donor muscle stretch evoked both excitatory and inhibitory effects, whereas twitch contractions evoked inhibitory effects only. These data support the hypothesis that muscle stimulation evoked contractions can induce intermuscular effects most consistent with mechanical GTO receptor activation and not direct activation of sensory axons. We propose this approach can be used to evaluate GTO circuitry more selectively than muscle stretch or nerve stimulation and can be adapted to study GTO feedback non‐invasively in freely moving cats and humans.