bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hydraulic retention time influences the abundance of Enterobacter, Clostridium and Lactobacillus during the hydrogen production from food waste
Authors: Santiago S.G. , Trably E. , Latrille E. , Buitrón G. , Moreno-Andrade I. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the microbial communities was evaluated in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (AnSBR) using organic waste from a restaurant as the substrate. The relationship among Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Bacillus as key micro-organisms on hydrogen production from organic solid waste was studied. The effect of the HRT (8–48 h) on the hydrogen production and the microbial community was evaluated. Quantitative PCR was applied to determine the abundance of bacteria (in particular, Enterobacter, Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera). An AnSBR fermentative reactor was operated for 111 cycles, with carbohydrate and organic matter removal efficiencies of 80 ± 15·42% and 22·1 ± 4·49% respectively. The highest percentage of hydrogen in the biogas (23·2 ± 11·1 %), and the specific production rate (0·42 ± 0·16 mmol H2 gVSadded−1 d−1) were obtained at an HRT of 48 h. The decrease in the HRT generated an increase in the hydrogen production rate but decreasing the content of the hydrogen in the gas. HRT significantly influence the abundance of Enterobacter, Clostridium and Lactobacillus during the hydrogen production from food waste leading the hydrogen production as well as the metabolic pathways. The microbial analysis revealed a direct relationship between the HRT and the presence of fermentative bacteria (Enterobacter, Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera). Clostridium sp. predominated at an HRT of 48 h, while Enterobacter and Lactobacillus predominated at HRTs between 8 and 24 h.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Significance and Impact of the Study: It was demonstrated that hydrogen production using food waste was influenced by the hydraulic retention time (HRT), and closely related to changes in microbial communities together with differences in metabolic patterns (e.g. volatile fatty acids, lactate, etc.). The decrease in the HRT led to the dominance of lactic acid bacteria within the microbial community whereas the increase in HRT favoured the emergence of Clostridium bacteria and the increase in acetic and butyric acids. Statistical data analysis revealed a direct relationship existing between the HRT and the microbial community composition in fermentative bacteria. This study provides new insight into the relationship between the bioprocess operation and the microbial community to understand better and control the biohydrogen production.
The ancient alarmone ZTP and zinc homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Nies Dietrich H. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn Bacillus subtilis a sophisticated regulatory circuit that involves Z nucleoside triphosphate (ZTP) is recruited to optimize cellular zinc distribution when cytoplasmic zinc is scarce. This process uses enzymatic reactions to measure the pool of available zinc ions and amplifies this signal to control the activity of zinc chaperones. The ZTP‐dependent regulatory circuit that is exploited for zinc homeostasis controls purine and folate biosynthesis, which starts with GTP as initial substrate. Low concentrations of formyl‐tetrahydrofolate (fTHF) lead to accumulation of the intermediate 5′‐phosphoribosyl‐4‐carboxyamide‐5‐aminoimidazole (AICAR or ZMP), which is pyrophosphorylated by another intermediate to ZTP. This alarmone activates expression of genes using a ZTP‐dependent riboswitch in many bacterial strains. In this way, the cellular folate concentration controls folate biosynthesis via the enzymatic activity of the fTHF‐dependent AICAR‐transforming reaction. Zinc distribution control is layered onto this circuit. The ‘sensor’ is the activity of the initial reaction of folate synthesis from GTP, which is catalyzed by a zinc‐dependent enzyme FolEIA or its metal‐cambialistic paralog FolEIB. Consequently, low zinc lowers folate levels, causing AICAR accumulation and ZTP formation. In addition to the riboswitch, ZTP activates the zinc chaperone ZagA of the COG0523 protein family, which efficiently allocate zinc to zinc‐dependent enzymes such as FolEIA.
Impact of sugar‐sweetened beverage taxes on purchases and dietary intake: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Teng Andrea M. , Jones Amanda C. , Mizdrak Anja , Signal Louise , Genç Murat , Wilson Nick 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe aim was to conduct a systematic review of real‐world sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) tax evaluations and examine the overall impact on beverage purchases and dietary intake by meta‐analysis. Medline, EconLit, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were searched up to June 2018. SSB tax evaluations from any formal jurisdiction from cities to national governments were eligible if there was a comparison between pre–post tax (n = 11) or taxed and untaxed jurisdiction(s) (n = 6). The consumption outcome comprised sales, purchasing, and intake (reported by volume, energy, or frequency). Taxed and untaxed beverage consumption outcomes were examined separately by meta‐analysis with adjustment for the size of each tax. The study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42018100620). The equivalent of a 10% SSB tax was associated with an average decline in beverage purchases and dietary intake of 10.0% (95% CI: −5.0% to −14.7%, n = 17 studies, 6 jurisdictions) with considerable heterogeneity between results (I2 = 97%).The equivalent of a 10% SSB tax was also associated with a nonsignificant 1.9% increase in total untaxed beverage consumption (eg, water) (95% CI: −2.1% to 6.1%, n = 6 studies, 4 jurisdictions). Based on real‐world evaluations, SSB taxes introduced in jurisdictions around the world appear to have been effective in reducing SSB purchases and dietary intake.
Anaphylaxis – Lessons learnt when East meets West
Authors: Tham Elizabeth H. , Leung Agnes S. Y. , Pacharn Punchama , Lee Sooyoung , Ebisawa Motohiro , Lee Bee Wah , Wong Gary W. K. ,   the APAPARI Anaphylaxis Study Group
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe rapidly increasing prevalence of allergic disorders over the past 2 decades highlights the need to understand the epidemiology of anaphylaxis. In Europe, the United States, and Australia, the incidence of anaphylaxis is estimated to be between 60 and 950 cases per 100 000 population, with a lifetime prevalence of anaphylaxis of 0.05%‐2%. The incidence appears to be increasing over time. Although the existing Asian literature is heterogeneous and limited by under‐reporting, it also suggests a similar increasing trend in anaphylaxis incidence in Asia. Anaphylaxis triggers in Asia, such as the predominance of shellfish and wheat in older children and adolescents, differ from those seen in Western populations. Triggers unique to Asia such as traditional Chinese medications, galacto‐oligosaccharides, and food delicacies have also been reported. Low usage of adrenaline as first‐line treatment of anaphylaxis is evident across all countries and is particularly concerning. There is a need to establish prospective, standardized protocols for anaphylaxis data collection and reporting, to enhance the collective understanding of anaphylaxis and its burden, gaps in management and to identify areas for future research and intervention in each region. Understanding of the underlying reasons explaining the difference between East and West will facilitate future primary preventive strategies.
Should minors and young adults qualify as potential live kidney donors? The views of international transplant professionals
Authors: Thys Kristof , Borry Pascal , Schotsmans Paul , Dobbels Fabienne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough live kidney donation (LD) has become an increasingly common procedure, European and US transplant centres disagree as to whether minors and young adults should qualify as donor candidates. Therefore, we aimed to better understand the attitudes and viewpoints of transplant professionals. We conducted fourteen in‐depth interviews with a purposive sample of international transplant professionals from various professional backgrounds. Data analysis was guided by QUAGOL, a systematic approach based on the constant‐comparative method. Professionals expressed a cautionary view, worrying about the uncertain long‐term medical and psychosocial consequences of LD at a young age. They also worried that young individuals’ decisions are more likely to be influenced by their psychosocial developmental stage or family pressure. As these concerns were more significant for minors as compared to young adults, minors were deemed ineligible for LD except for in highly exceptional circumstances. Professionals’ attitudes were also influenced by the expected benefits for the recipient and the availability of therapeutic alternatives, as well as the strength of the donor‐recipient relationship. More prospective research on the long‐term medical and psychological outcomes in young adult donors is likely to shed more light on the acceptability of LD by adolescents and young adults.
Photogrammetric water level determination using smartphone technology
Authors: Elias Melanie , Kehl Christian , Schneider Danilo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRapid technological progress has made mobile devices increasingly valuable for scientific research. This paper outlines a versatile camera‐based water gauging method, implemented on smartphones, which is usable almost anywhere if 3D data is available at the targeted river section. After analysing smartphone images to detect the present water line, the image data is transferred into object space. Using the exterior orientation acquired by smartphone sensor fusion, a synthetic image originating from the 3D data is rendered that represents the local situation. Performing image‐to‐geometry registration using the true smartphone camera image and the rendered synthetic image, image parameters are refined by space resection. Moreover, the water line is transferred into object space by means of the underlying 3D information. The algorithm is implemented in the smartphone application “Open Water Levels”, which can be used on both high‐end and low‐cost devices. In a comprehensive investigation, the methodology is evaluated, demonstrating both its potential and remaining issues.
Effect of Financing Costs and Constraints on Real Investments: The Case of Inventories
Authors: Wu Qi , Muthuraman Kumar , Seshadri Sridhar 
Published: June 2019

This paper studies the effects of bank credit availability, trade credit and the capital cost on inventory decisions. There are two competing theories on the effect of bank credit lines on investments. While one (Lins et al. 2010) suggests that the primary role played by undrawn credit is to finance new opportunities, the other (Acharya et al. 2014) suggests that undrawn credit serves primarily as a bank monitored liquidity insurance. We attempt to resolve these two conflict views in the context of inventory investments. Using empirical data, we show that the primary role of undrawn credit depends on the individual firm’s financial status. When a firm is financially constrained, its inventory decisions are linked to the additional bank credit available to the firm—echoing the insurance nature of bank credits. On the other hand, when a firm is financially healthy, two other inventory financing factors play more significant roles than undrawn credits. For financially healthy firms, inventory investments are significantly negatively related to the financial cost of inventory and positively related to the credit offered by suppliers. Additionally, we study the financial crisis of 2007–2008 as a systematic shock in the credit market to identify the effects of a firm’s financial credits. We show that during the financial crisis, the inventory turnover and working capital levels of US retailers were related to the availability of bank credit. However, immediately after the crisis, the evidence demonstrates the positive relationship between firms’ inventory level and the trade credit they are offered.
When medicine transforms art
Authors: Belga Sara , MacDonald Clayton , Kabbani Dima , Roelofs Kelsey , Hussain Mohammed Wasif , Cervera Carlos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA 40‐year‐old female with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus and solitary pancreas transplant, presented with pancreatic graft rejection 1‐year post‐transplant. Incidentally, a 1.1 cm right lower lobe cavity was identified during her workup. Given the augmentation of immunosuppression, voriconazole was empirically started for possible invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. As the patient was a painter, this resulted in a significant change in the colors of her paintings. Ultimately, she was diagnosed with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis and her visual disturbances resolved after the voriconazole was changed to fluconazole. Voriconazole causes visual disturbances in 20%‐30% of the patients most commonly phototopsias; dyschromatopsias typically involving the tritan axis have also been reported. This case illustrates well the potential impact of voriconazole on spectral sensitivity and color perception.
An unusual case of Kaposi sarcoma masquerading as cystitis in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Nair Vinay , Sheikh Fatima , Hirschwerk David , Fahmy Ahmed , Bhaskaran Madhu , Grodstein Elliot , Winnick Aaron , Maki Robert , Teperman Lewis , Molmenti Ernesto 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman Herpes Virus‐8 (HHV‐8) may reactivate in immunocompromised patients including recipients of solid organ transplants. Reactivation of HHV‐8 may result in Kaposi sarcoma (KS). KS typically occurs with dermatologic involvement but can affect virtually any other organ; most commonly the gastrointestinal tract. We present a diagnostically challenging case of KS in a South American woman 7 months after kidney transplant. She presented with recurrent urinary tract infection manifested by pelvic pain and dysuria. Imaging studies revealed bladder thickening with pelvic lymphadenopathy. Findings on tissue biopsied from the bladder and lymph nodes were consistent with KS. Her skin was not affected. This case illustrates that KS and other HHV‐8–related diseases should be on the differential diagnosis as a cause of mass lesions as well as lymphadenopathy in transplant recipients. The case exemplifies the need to pursue a tissue diagnosis in immunocompromised patients when a diagnosis is uncertain.
PRECOCIOUS1 (POCO1), a mitochondrial pentatricopeptide repeat protein affects flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Emami Hossein , Kempken Frank 
Published: June 2019

SummaryFlowering is a vital developmental shift in plants from vegetative to reproductive phase. The timing of this shift is regulated by various linked genetic pathways including environmental cues and internal regulation. Here we report a role for an Arabidopsis gene, AT1G15480, which encodes a P‐class pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein, affecting flowering time. We show that AT1G15480 is localized to mitochondria. An AT1G15480 T‐DNA insertion line exhibits an early‐flowering phenotype, which is quite a rare phenotype among PPR mutants. The early‐flowering phenotype was observed under both long and short days compared with wild type plants. Genetic complementation confirmed the observed phenotype. We therefore named the PPR protein PRECOCIOUS1 (POCO1). poco1 plants showed lower respiration, ATP content and higher accumulation of superoxide. Importantly, the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis showed that the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), which is a key floral repressor, was strongly downregulated in the poco1. Likewise, the expression level of the FLC positive regulator ABSCISIC ACID‐INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) was reduced in the poco1. Consistent with the qRT‐PCR results, poco1 plants showed reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid compared with wild type with respect to primary root growth and days to flowering. Furthermore, the poco1 mutation enhances the sensitivity to drought stress. Further analysis showed that POCO1 affects mitochondrial RNA editing. Taken together, our data demonstrate a remarkable function of POCO1 in flowering time and the abscisic acid signalling pathway.
Alterations in circulating concentrations of IL‐17, IL‐31 and total IgE in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Chaudhary Sujeet K. , Singh Shanker K. , Kumari Priyambada , Kanwal Sarita , Soman Sandeep P. , Choudhury Soumen , Garg Satish K. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is complex. Dysregulation of the cutaneous immune system is considered an important regulator of the allergic response. Exploration of association of interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), IL‐31, IgE and leukogram attributes with canine AD could provide novel insights into its immunopathology.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo investigate possible associations of IL‐17, IL‐3, IgE and leukogram attributes of canine AD.Animals17 dogs diagnosed with AD and six healthy dogs.Methods and materialsCirculating concentrations of IL‐17, IL‐31 and total IgE from sera samples were determined using commercial canine‐specific quantitative immunoassay kits. Complete blood cell counts were analysed by an automated haematology analyser. Statistical differences between the two groups were determined using an unpaired t‐test. The degree of relationship between the IL‐17, IL‐31, IgE, total leukocyte count (TLC) values and clinical signs scores (Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index and pruritus Visual Analog Scale pVAS) was determined by Pearson's r correlation statistic.ResultsDogs with AD had significantly (P < 0.0001) higher circulating concentrations of IL‐17, IL‐31 and total IgE compared with healthy dogs. Dogs with AD also had significantly higher TLC (P < 0.0002), absolute neutrophils (P < 0.0001) and absolute eosinophils (P < 0.0001) counts, and percentage of neutrophils (P < 0.03) and eosinophils (P < 0.0001) compared with healthy controls. A significant positive correlation (r2 = 0.396; P < 0.007) between the pVAS and IL‐31 was observed in dogs with AD.Conclusions and clinical importanceMarked elevation in circulating IL‐17, IL‐31 and total IgE along with the abnormalities in leukogram may be associated with canine AD and could be possible targets in the therapeutic management of canine AD.
Otitis externa in eight horses – clinical signs, treatment and prognosis
Authors: Odelros Emma , Kendall Anna , Wulcan Sofia , Bergvall Kerstin 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundOtitis externa is rare in horses and the condition is poorly described in the literature.ObjectiveTo describe clinical signs, treatment regimens and prognosis of otitis externa in horses.AnimalsEight horses diagnosed with otitis externa during 2011–2018.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records and follow‐up contact with owners.ResultsCommon clinical signs seen in affected horses were pruritus, ear discharge and ear droop of affected ears. The most common cytological findings were neutrophils, bacteria and yeast. All horses responded well to treatment; two horses were reported to have recurrent problems.Conclusion and clinical importanceOtitis externa in horses is a rare and treatable condition. The condition may be present for prolonged periods before owners become aware, compromising the welfare of affected horses. Untreated otitis externa is a suggested cause of otitis media and temporohyoid osteoarthropathy, emphasizing the importance of identifying and treating this condition at an early stage. For this reason, clinicians should include a brief inspection of the pinnae and external ear canal in the clinical examination of horses.
The role of human CD46 in early xenoislet engraftment in a dual transplant model
Authors: Samy Kannan P. , Gao Qimeng , Davis Robert Patrick , Song Mingqing , Fitch Zachary W. , Mulvihill Michael S. , MacDonald Andrea L. , Leopardi Frank V. , How Tam , Williams Kyha D. , Devi Gayathri R. , Collins Bradley H. , Luo Xunrong , Kirk Allan D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundMembrane cofactor protein CD46 attenuates the complement cascade by facilitating cleavage of C3b and C4b. In solid organ xenotransplantation, organs expressing CD46 have been shown to resist hyperacute rejection. However, the incremental value of human CD46 expression for islet xenotransplantation remains poorly defined.MethodsThis study attempted to delineate the role of CD46 in early neonatal porcine islet engraftment by comparing Gal‐knocked out (GKO) and hCD46‐transgenic (GKO/CD46) islets in a dual transplant model. Seven rhesus macaques underwent dual transplant and were sacrificed at 1 hour (n = 4) or 24 hours (n = 3). Both hemilivers were recovered and fixed for immunohistochemistry (CD46, insulin, neutrophil elastase, platelet, IgM, IgG, C3d, C4d, CD68, Caspase 3). Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis was performed using the Aperio Imagescope.ResultsWithin 1 hour of intraportal infusion of xenografts, no differences were observed between the two types of islets in terms of platelet, antibody, or complement deposition. Cellular infiltration and islet apoptotic activity were also similar at 1 hour. At 24 hours, GKO/CD46 islets demonstrated significantly less platelet deposition (P = 0.01) and neutrophil infiltration (P = 0.01) compared to GKO islets. In contrast, C3d (P = 0.38) and C4d (P = 0.45) deposition was equal between the two genotypes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that expression of hCD46 on NPIs potentially provides a measurable incremental survival advantage in vivo by reducing early thrombo‐inflammatory events associated with instant blood‐mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) following intraportal islet infusion.
Trends and challenges in robot manipulation
Authors: Billard Aude , Kragic Danica 
Published: June 2019

Hand it to you
Our ability to grab, hold, and manipulate objects involves our dexterous hands, our sense of touch, and feedback from our eyes and muscles that allows us to maintain a controlled grip. Billard and Kragic review the progress made in robotics to emulate these functions. Systems have developed from simple, pinching grippers operating in a fully defined environment, to robots that can identify, select, and manipulate objects from a random collection. Further developments are emerging from advances in computer vision, computer processing capabilities, and tactile materials that give feedback to the robot.

Science
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