bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electropolymerized Dopamine Film-Modified Optical Fiber LMR Biosensor for Immunoassay
Authors: Dai Xiaoshuang , Wang Shuang , Li Yongle , Jiang Junfeng , Tan Ke , Liu Hongyu , Li Zhiyuan , Xu Tianhua , Liu Tiegen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn producing high-performance optical biosensors, the selected coupling agent and its fixation mode play an essential role as one of the decisive conditions for antibody incubation. In this work, we designed optical fiber biosensors by electrochemical polymerization to enable low detection limit (LOD) immunoassay. Based on the optical fiber lossy mode resonance (OF-LMR) achieved by In2O3-SnO2-90/10 wt% (ITO), we have simultaneously implemented the electropolymerized dopamine (ePDA) film on the ITO-coated fiber via the electrochemical method, utilizing the excellent electrical conductivity of ITO. After that, the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody layer was immobilized on the entire sensing region with the assistance of the ePDA film. The results of immunoassay were analyzed by recording the shift of the LMR resonance wavelength to verify the sensor performance. The LOD was evaluated as the lowest concentration of human IgG detected by the OF-LMR sensor, which was confirmed to be 4.20 ng·mL−1. Furthermore, the sensor achieved selective detection for specific antigens and exhibited a good recovery capability in chicken serum samples. The developed scheme provides a feasible opportunity to enhance the intersection of electrochemistry and optics subjects and also offers a new promising solution to achieve the immunoassay.
Symmetrization process and truncated orthogonal polynomials
Authors: Dominici Diego , García-Ardila Juan Carlos , Marcellán Francisco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe define the family of truncated Laguerre polynomials $$P_n(x;z)$$

P
n

(
x
;
z
)

, orthogonal with respect to the linear functional $$\varvec{\ell }$$

ℓ

defined by $$\begin{aligned} \left\langle {\varvec{\ell },p}\right\rangle =\int _{0}^zp(x)x^\alpha e^{-x}dx,\qquad \alpha >-1. \end{aligned}$$

ℓ

,
p

=

∫

0

z

p

(
x
)

x
α

e

-
x

d
x
,

α
>
-
1
.

The connection between $$P_n(x;z)$$

P
n

(
x
;
z
)

and the polynomials $$S_n(x;z)$$

S
n

(
x
;
z
)

(obtained through the symmetrization process) constitutes a key element in our analysis. As a consequence, several properties of the polynomials $$P_n(x;z)$$

P
n

(
x
;
z
)

and $$S_n(x;z)$$

S
n

(
x
;
z
)

are studied taking into account the relation between the parameters of the three-term recurrence relations that they satisfy. Asymptotic expansions of these coefficients are given. Discrete Painlevé and Painlevé equations associated with such coefficients appear in a natural way. An electrostatic interpretation of the zeros of such polynomials as well as the dynamics of the zeros in terms of the parameter z are given.
RGB Color-Discriminable Photonic Synapse for Neuromorphic Vision System
Authors: Jeong Bum Ho , Lee Jaewon , Ku Miju , Lee Jongmin , Kim Dohyung , Ham Seokhyun , Lee Kyu-Tae , Kim Young-Beom , Park Hui Joon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo emulate the functionality of the human retina and achieve a neuromorphic visual system, the development of a photonic synapse capable of multispectral color discrimination is of paramount importance. However, attaining robust color discrimination across a wide intensity range, even irrespective of medium limitations in the channel layer, poses a significant challenge. Here, we propose an approach that can bestow the color-discriminating synaptic functionality upon a three-terminal transistor flash memory even with enhanced discriminating capabilities. By incorporating the strong induced dipole moment effect at the excitation, modulated by the wavelength of the incident light, into the floating gate, we achieve outstanding RGB color-discriminating synaptic functionality within a remarkable intensity range spanning from 0.05 to 40 mW cm−2. This approach is not restricted to a specific medium in the channel layer, thereby enhancing its applicability. The effectiveness of this color-discriminating synaptic functionality is demonstrated through visual pre-processing of a photonic synapse array, involving the differentiation of RGB channels and the enhancement of image contrast with noise reduction. Consequently, a convolutional neural network can achieve an impressive inference accuracy of over 94% for Canadian-Institute-For-Advanced-Research-10 colorful image recognition task after the pre-processing. Our proposed approach offers a promising solution for achieving robust and versatile RGB color discrimination in photonic synapses, enabling significant advancements in artificial visual systems.
An efficient tuning method for networked control systems
Authors: Pal Debashish , Bhagat Shiv Kumar , Shanmugasundar G. , Ghadai Ranjan Kumar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSensors, controllers, and actuators in a networked control system collaborate to execute a distributed closed-loop feedback control system. Currently, NCS includes network components that remain unidentified, such as heightened latency and packet loss, which may be persistent or fluctuate over time. The current predicament stems from the increased complexity of inspection and control systems, which is attributed to the vast expansion of communication networks. Implementing proactive strategies to mitigate the effects of communication network disruptions on control systems is crucial. A comprehensive study has identified various techniques for controller development. Initiatives are underway to mitigate the impact of network-wide random delays and improve the efficiency of the NCS system. To reach this goal, this study uses a meta-heuristic optimization method called the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) along with a fuzzy-PID controller for a Networked Control System (NCS) plant. The proposed work will be evaluated under two operational scenarios of the NCS plant: one incorporating a random delay condition and the other excluding it. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by measuring and comparing its closed-loop performance to a traditional PID controller. The outcomes for both NCS plant scenarios illustrate the efficacy of the proposed initiative regarding closed-loop performance.
Islam, Causality, and Science
Authors: Koca Özgür 
Published: November 2024

This Element intends to contribute to the debate between Islam and science. It focuses on one of the most challenging issues in the modern discussion on the reconciliation of religious and scientiﬁc claims about the world, which is to think about divine causality without undermining the rigor and efficacy of the scientiﬁc method. First, the Element examines major Islamic accounts of causality. Then, it provides a brief overview of contemporary debates on the issue and identifies both scientific and theological challenges. It argues that any proposed Islamic account of causality for the task of reconciliation should be able to preserve scientific rigor without imposing a priori limits on scientific research, account for miracles without turning them into science-stoppers or metaphors, secure divine and creaturely freedom, and establish a strong sense of divine presence in the world. Following sections discuss strengths and weaknesses of each account in addressing these challenges.
Judicial Populism: A Conceptual and Normative Inquiry
Authors: Hilbink Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A growing number of analysts use the term “judicial populism” to refer to judicial behavior that they find problematic, but they apply it to divergent phenomena and find it objectionable for different reasons. What, then, is judicial populism, and when and why should it be of concern? Taking a deductive approach, I argue that judicial populism is best understood as a performance/discursive style, analytically distinct from judicial activism. Like judicial activism, it is a gradational concept, and both populism and activism may present in judicial behavior to different degrees and in different combinations. To illustrate, I develop a grid matrix with an X-axis that runs from maximal restraint/deference to maximal creativity/dominance in the content of judicial rulings (the “what”) and a Y-axis that runs from maximally removed and technocratic to maximally proximate and publicly oriented in the performance or communication of the judicial role (the “how”). This two-dimensional framework enables nuanced comparison of judicial behavior in disparate times, places, and issue areas, illuminating relative variations and trends therein. It also helps to illustrate that, from a pluralist and deliberative democratic perspective, it is not judicial populism per se that should trouble democrats but, rather, populist behavior taken to extremes.
Status of prevention of neural tube defects post-folic acid fortification of cereal grains in South Africa
Authors: Kancherla Vijaya , Randall Phillip , Christianson Arnold L , Malherbe Helen Louise 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Neural tube defects (NTD) are serious, life-threatening birth defects. Staple food fortification with folic acid (vitamin B9) is a proven, effective intervention to reduce NTD birth prevalence. Mandatory food fortification with folic acid was implemented in South Africa (SA) in 2003. This article provides an overview of NTD birth prevalence in SA, pre- and post-fortification, and evaluates current folic acid fortification regulations.

Design:
Fortification effectiveness data in SA were reviewed using published studies and national reports on NTD birth prevalence pre- and post-folic acid fortification. Current folic acid fortification regulations in SA were evaluated by experts.

Setting:
Regulations were assessed using national health guidelines, legislation and regulations. NTD birth prevalence data were sourced from the published literature.

Participants:
None.

Results:
Significant reductions in the birth prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly and improved maternal folate levels have been achieved following the introduction of folic acid fortification in SA. However, there is poor overall regulatory compliance in some instances and a gap in current regulations that excludes the fortification of cake flour in SA.

Conclusions:
While the SA NTD birth prevalence has decreased by 30% post-fortification, the regulatory exclusion of cake flour fortification is a significant and growing issue. Proposed 2016 regulatory amendments to address this gap urgently require finalisation and enactment by government to prevent negating benefits achieved to date and to ensure continued improvement. Fortification monitoring requires strengthening to ensure widespread compliance with policies, particularly in underserved areas.
Associations between prenatal alcohol exposure and early education outcomes: a matched controls study using the born in Bradford dataset
Authors: McCarthy Robyn , Cook Penny A. , Pink Joshua , Eddy Lucy H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with cognitive, behavioural, and developmental impairments throughout the lifespan of affected individuals, but there is limited evidence on how early this impact can be identified through routinely collected childhood data. This paper explores the relationship between PAE and the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile (EYFSP), a statutory teacher-based summative assessment of early development in relation to learning goals. This analysis uses the Born in Bradford dataset, a UK based cohort (n = 13,959; full dataset), which collected self-reported PAE from 11,905 mothers, with 19.8% reporting drinking alcohol at some point during pregnancy. Coarsened exact matching was conducted to examine relationships between patterns of PAE and children achieving a ‘Good Level of Development’ on the EYFSP, a binary variable assessed at 4–5 years of age, controlling for known confounders, including deprivation, mother’s education, exposure to other teratogenic substances, and child’s age at assessment. Additionally, we examined EYFSP sub-scores to identify specific developmental deficits associated with PAE.
The key finding is a statistically significant association between PAE at a level of consuming 5 or more units of alcohol (equivalent to 50 ml or 40 g of pure alcohol) at least once per week from the 4th month of pregnancy onwards and lower EYFSP scores when accounting for established confounding variables. These findings highlight that the detrimental impact of alcohol during pregnancy can be identified using statutory educational assessments. This has implications internationally for prevention work, policy, and commissioning of support services for people impacted by PAE.
An equity indicator for assessing mental healthcare access: a national population case study
Authors: Dawadi S. , Shawyer F. , Callander E. , Patten S. , Johnson B. , Rosenberg S. , Lakra V. , Lin E. , Teede H. , Meadows G. , Enticott J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
Achieving equitable healthcare access is a global challenge. Improving whole-population mental health and reducing the global burden of mental disorders is a key recommendation of the 2018 Lancet Global Mental Health Commission, which proposed monitoring national indicators, including the proportion of people with severe mental disorders who are service-users. This study aims to derive an equity indicator from national datasets integrating need, service utilisation and socioeconomic status, and demonstrate its utility in identifying gaps in mental health service use amongst those with the greatest need, thereby guiding equitable healthcare delivery.

Methods
We present a case study of a universal health insurance scheme (Medicare) in Australia. We developed the equity indicator using three national datasets. Geographic areas were linked to an area-based socioeconomic deprivation quintile (Census 2016). Per geographic area, we estimated the number with a mental healthcare need using scores ≥30 on the Kessler-10 (Australian National Health Surveys 2015 and 2018), and obtained the number of services used, defined as mental health-related contacts with general practitioners and mental health professionals (Medicare administrative data 2015–2019). We divided the number of services by the population with an estimated mental healthcare need and averaged these use-rates across each socioeconomic deprivation quintile. The equity indicator is the ratio of the use-rates in the least versus most deprived quintiles.

Results
Those estimated to have the greatest need for mental healthcare in 2019 ranged between 8.2% in the most disadvantaged area quintile (Q1) and 2.4% in the least (Q5), corresponding to a proportional increase of 27.7% in Q1 and 19.5% in Q5 since 2015. Equity-indicator-adjusted service rates of 4.2 (3.8–4.6) and 23.9 (22.4–25.4) showed that individuals with the highest need for care residing in Q1 areas received a stark 6 times fewer services compared to their Q5 counterparts, producing an equity indicator of 6.

Conclusions
As the global prevalence of common mental disorders may be increasing, it is crucial to calculate robust indicators evaluating the equity of mental health service use. In this Australian case study, we developed an equity indicator enabling the direct comparison of geographic areas with different need profiles. The results revealed striking inequities that persisted despite publicly-funded universal healthcare, recent service reforms and being a high-income country. This study demonstrates the importance and feasibility of generating such an indicator to inform and empower communities, healthcare providers and policymakers to pursue equitable service provision.
Direct observation of subunit rotation during DNA strand exchange by serine recombinases
Authors: Cadden Gillian M. , Schloetel Jan-Gero , McKenzie Grant , Boocock Martin R. , Magennis Steven W. , Stark W. Marshall 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSerine recombinases are proposed to catalyse site-specific recombination by a unique mechanism called subunit rotation. Cutting and rejoining DNA occurs within an intermediate synaptic complex comprising a recombinase tetramer bound to two DNA sites. After double-strand cleavage at both sites, one half of the complex rotates 180° relative to the other, before re-ligation of the DNA ends. We used single-molecule FRET (smFRET) methods to provide compelling direct physical evidence for subunit rotation by recombinases Tn3 resolvase and Sin. Synaptic complexes containing fluorescently labelled DNA show FRET fluctuations consistent with the subunit rotation model. FRET changes were associated with the rotation steps, on a timescale of 0.4–1.1 $${{\mbox{s}}}^{-1}$$

s

−
1

, as well as opening and closing of the gap between the scissile phosphates during cleavage and ligation. Multiple rounds of recombination were observed within the ~25 s observation period, including frequent consecutive rotation events in the cleaved-DNA state without evidence of intermediate ligation.
Paired analysis of host and pathogen genomes identifies determinants of human tuberculosis
Authors: Luo Yang , Huang Chuan-Chin , Howard Nicole C. , Wang Xin , Liu Qingyun , Li Xinyi , Zhu Junhao , Amariuta Tiffany , Asgari Samira , Ishigaki Kazuyoshi , Calderon Roger , Raman Sahadevan , Ramnarine Alexandrea K. , Mayfield Jacob A. , Moody D. Branch , Lecca Leonid , Fortune Sarah M. , Murray Megan B. , Raychaudhuri Soumya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInfectious disease is the result of interactions between host and pathogen and can depend on genetic variations in both. We conduct a genome-to-genome study of paired human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes from a cohort of 1556 tuberculosis patients in Lima, Peru. We identify an association between a human intronic variant (rs3130660, OR = 10.06, 95%CI: 4.87 − 20.77, P = 7.92 × 10−8) in the FLOT1 gene and a subclavaluee of Mtb Lineage 2. In a human macrophage infection model, we observe hosts with the rs3130660-A allele exhibited stronger interferon gene signatures. The interacting strains have altered redox states due to a thioredoxin reductase mutation. We investigate this association in a 2020 cohort of 699 patients recruited during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the prevalence of the interacting strain almost doubled between 2010 and 2020, its infection is not associated with rs3130660 in this recent cohort. These findings suggest a complex interplay among host, pathogen, and environmental factors in tuberculosis dynamics.
Effects of fine particulate matter air pollution on survival of Heliconius ethilla (Godart, 1819)
Authors: Charpinel A. M. M. , Féres J. C. , Barreto F. C. C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHuman activities affect natural ecosystems worldwide and can generate negative effects on insect species such as growth inhibition, developmental abnormalities and reduction of reproductive and survival rates. Our study focused on fine particulate matter, a pollutant known to cause mechanical obstruction, heavy metal intoxication, and stress in Lepidoptera larvae. Heliconius ethilla (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is a Heliconiinae found in the southeastern region of Brazil. We started our study with 3255 eggs, from which 69 stage 3 larvae were randomly separated as the treatment group. The larvae were fed with Passiflora edulis leaves and the SPM was added before being offered to the treatment group in an increasing concentration according to the age of the larvae and the leaf, simulating the gradual deposition of SPM in the environment. Our results demonstrate that Sedimentable Particulate Matter negatively impacted mortality rates, pupal weight, and body size. The results strongly indicate that the presence of SPM negatively impacts the survival, development and potentially the reproductive success of H. ethilla. A reduction in the population size and a consequent decrease in the chances of long-term survival of the species can be expected.
Competition between Kardar–Parisi–Zhang and Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless kinetic roughening on (001) singular surface during steady crystal growth
Authors: Akutsu Noriko , Kangawa Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKinetic roughening of the (001) singular surface during steady crystal growth is studied on the basis of a lattice model using the Monte Carlo method. At a sufficiently low temperature, there are known to be two kinetic roughening points as the driving force for crystal growth $$\Delta \mu $$

Δ
μ

increases. At a low driving force $$\Delta \mu _\text{KPZ}^{(001)}$$

Δ

μ
KPZ

(
001
)

, there is the Karder–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) roughening transition point. On the KPZ rough surface, elementary steps around islands are well defined though the surface is thermodynamically rough, with a roughness exponent $$\alpha $$
α
consistent with the KPZ universal value of 0.3869. Island-on-island structures were found to be crucial in forming the KPZ rough surface. To understand the effects of the atomical roughness of the (001) surface and the interplay of steps on long-period undulations on this surface, the dependence on the temperature T and driving force for crystal growth $$\Delta \mu $$

Δ
μ

of surface quantities is investigated. At higher temperatures, additional Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) rough and re-entrant KPZ regions are found for large $$\Delta \mu $$

Δ
μ

, where the crystal surface grows adhesively. A T–$$\Delta \mu $$

Δ
μ

kinetic roughening diagram is also presented.
Systemic inflammatory response in colorectal cancer is associated with tumour mismatch repair and impaired survival
Authors: Hjortborg Mats , Edin Sofia , Böckelman Camilla , Kaprio Tuomas , Li Xingru , Gkekas Ioannis , Hagström Jaana , Strigård Karin , Haglund Caj , Gunnarsson Ulf , Palmqvist Richard 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe systemic inflammatory response (SIR), defined as elevated levels of circulating C-reactive protein (CRP), is an important predictor of impaired survival in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic role of SIR and its association with tumour mismatch repair status and the immune response. Immune activity profiles of mononuclear cells isolated from CRC tissues and blood in the U-CAN exploration cohort (n = 69), were analysed by flow cytometry. In the U-CAN validation cohort (n = 257), T-helper cells (T-bet+), cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), regulatory T cells (FoxP3+), B cells (CD20+), and macrophages (CD68+) were analysed by multispectral imaging. Microsatellite instability was determined using five mononucleotide-repeat microsatellite markers. Patients with high CRP levels (> 10 mg/l) were significantly more often diagnosed with high-grade tumours and tumours exhibiting microsatellite instability. However, some patients with high CRP levels were found to have microsatellite-stable tumours. Furthermore, high CRP levels were associated with specific tumour immune traits including an augmented macrophage response and were significantly linked to poorer cancer-specific survival, particularly in patients with microsatellite-stable tumours. In conclusion, our findings suggest an interplay between SIR and mismatch repair status in CRC prognosis which needs to be further explored.