bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility study of municipal solid waste for producing refuse-derived fuel (RDF): A case study of Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Eaktasang N , Suma Y , Kingkeaw S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was investigated the potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) to produce refuse-derived fuel from Bangkok municipality. The composition, heating value and proximately content were analyzed. The amount of MSW in Bangkok generated was approximately 4.86 million tons or 13,327 tons/day in 2017. About 79.5% was disposed by landfill and 20.5% was recycled. The compositions of MSW were biodegradable (49.58%), combustible (36.32%) and non-combustible (14.10%) wastes. Moisture content was 59.5±8.6% (as received), volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash were 72.4±3.2%, 8.2±0.5% and 19.4±0.5% (as dry basis), respectively. Heating value was 20.03±0.52 MJ/kg. These results indicated that MSW from Bangkok municipality is potential to produce the refuse-derived fuel. To reduce the environmental impacts as well as energy recovery, the MSW might be alternative sources of renewable energy in the future.
In Situ Aerobic Biodegradation In Soil Contact Using The Standard Test Method of ASTM D 5988-12
Authors: Al-Salem S.M. , Al-Nasser A. , Sultan H. , Karam H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
With an over growing problem of plastic waste accumulation, Kuwait faces a serious threat to its natural resources. Latest estimates show that plastic solid waste (PSW) is generated at an alarming rate of over 200 ktpa, making up over 16% of the total municipal waste load. In this paper, the standards test method of ASTM D 5988-12 for determining the degree and rate of biodegradation of plastics in contact with soil was applied to three commercial plastic products sourced locally. The plastic samples are claimed to be of biodegradable nature by the manufacturer and the converter. The test method was applied in situ using analytical desiccators and have proven to be a good indicator to biodegradable measurements. In addition to technical control and reference tests, the test method was also applied on the natural soil secured from the field simulating the largest operating landfill site. The test has proven to be reliable and has produced repeatable results. The biodegradation extent was noted to be very rapid and can be described by comparison to other works as accelerated. This was attributed to both what is described by this work as external and internal factors of the polymer-soil matrix. The former can be noted as environment and soil characteristics, pH level and presence of contaminants in the biota. On the other hand, the latter can be described as type of soil (mixture) ratio, polymer surface area and carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution kinetics which were noted to be of a first order with respect to biodegradation time and dissolution.
Evaluation of Antifouling Coating performance With Commercial and Lemon Natural Biocide on Composite Fiberglass Surface
Authors: Saat Asmalina Mohamed , Sabri Muhammad Irfan , Johor Hanisah , Zainal Azaim Fatin Zawani , Lokman Mohd Iqbal 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Marine growth is a common problem for a near coastal marine vessel including composite fiberglass boat. Natural antifouling coating for composite fiberglass hulls towards efficient, cleanliness, sustainability and greener oceans are crucial especially in near coastal area. Antifouling performance of commercial and natural lemon biocide were analyzed by referring to ASTM 3623 – 78a for 30 days in seawater. Both commercial and natural biocide coating shows no marine growth occur within 30days of immersion due to good interaction between biocide and gelcoat. Natural biocide with 6% concentration observed similar performance as 4% commercial biocide, thus it shows lemon has a great potential of lemon as new natural biocide in marine antifouling paint.
Taiwan Brownfield Redevelopment & Ecological Restoration Indicator Analysis
Authors: Feng S J , Chao N C , Chen Y J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Adjustments in global industrial structure accompanied with urbanization, lead in result of derelict sites and lands initiated as manufacturing and production industrial. In which underlies not only creation waste in resource and energy, contaminated soil, damaged ecosystem, urban landscape changed, but also inhibits urban persistent development. Under the extensive aegis of environmental protection, people are highly attentive on brownfield impacts from surrounded life sphere; In Taiwan spatial reutilizing planning approaches are the mainly impetus for brownfield redevelopment programs, having very little or no incorporation on ecological methodology rehabilitation into the program. In this paper, we will elaborate the possibilities of sustainable development for brownfield redevelopment utilizing ecological restoration methodology in 1. preserving the industrial asset, in the meantime restored the ecological urban environment, 2. Initiate a structure framework suitable for brownfield’s (industrial sites) ecosystem redevelopment evaluation indicator to maximize the value of brownfield in spatial & urban planning.
An Environmental Improvement Strategy for an Urban Green Farm Garden: A Case Study of Dongguang Green Garden Road, Taichung City
Authors: Lin Meng-Li , Yang Rui-Xing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Amid rapid urban growth, the inhabitants of Taiwan’s ‘concrete jungles’ have tended to neglect the protection of natural resources, and to engage in activities that emit large amounts of carbon dioxide. The urban heat island effect also remains a serious problem, only partially addressed by urban green spaces created or protected via intergovernmental urban planning. Nevertheless, Taiwan’s cities still contain many small areas of wasteland – both the sites of demolished buildings, and former green spaces that have been allowed to die off. If transformed into urban gardens and/or farms, this waste ground could meet the public’s need for additional green spaces and experiences, and help to gradually improve their quality of life. Plans and mechanisms to that effect have existed since 1990, and Taipei City was the first place in Taiwan where farmers provided land for urban dwellers to cultivate. However, due to insufficient governmental support, the operation and management of such initiatives has been largely ineffectual, and thus their development has not been sustainable. Therefore, this paper uses Dongguang Green Garden Road in Taichung as a case study of this sustainable-development bottleneck, with the wider aim of increasing the quantity and quality of urban agricultural gardens in Taiwan and beyond.
Land Use Evolution and Simulation Prediction of Pyongyang Municipality in North Korea from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Zhang Qinchen , Zhang Pingyu , Wang Dongyan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Using Global Land30 standard product as data source, combined with CA-Markov model to quantitatively study the land use evolution of Pyongyang municipality in North Korea from 2000 to 2010 and simulate the land use situation of the region in 2020, the research found: (1) From 2000 to 2010, the area of forest land and bare land in Pyongyang was greatly reduced, and the cultivated land, grassland, water body and artificial surface increased to varying degrees, and the expansion of cultivated land area was the most significant. (2) In the first decade of 21st Century, the comprehensive utilization of land use in Pyongyang increased, the information entropy declined weakly, and the land use system remained in a stable and orderly state. (3) In 2020, cultivated land in Pyongyang is still the main type of land use, but the area will be significantly reduced, and the artificial surface will continue to expand, becoming the main land area for area transfer. (4) The land use change in Pyongyang is mainly driven by the three aspects of consumer demand, economic benefits and government decision-making. With the development of society, the influence of economic interests will become more and more prominent.
House-scale Renewable Energy System Sizing in Liverpool
Authors: Suhendri  , Handayani Tri Pratiwi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Renewable energy technology such as solar thermal, PV, and wind have been developed to be building integrated. This exercise is aimed to sizing those three renewable energy systems for a typical house in the UK, specifically Liverpool. The methodologies used in this exercise are load evaluation, resource assessment, and finally sizing the systems. The results from all of sizing calculation show that there will be 6 evacuated tube collectors with 6m2 area, 14 PV modules with 20.7 m2 area, and 1 wind turbine with 2.5 rotor diameter. The renewable energy systems for electricity sized are predicted to cover 78.47% of the electricity load with PV contribution as many as 54.5% and the rest 24% is covered by wind turbine.
Hydrogen production possibility using Mongolian renewable energy
Authors: Dorjgotov A , Ulziidelger B , Yunseong J , Chan K Oh , Sung J Ok , Yong-Gun S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
There is widespread popular support for using renewable energy, particularly solar and wind energy, which provide electricity without giving rise to any carbon dioxide emissions. Harnessing these for electricity depends on the cost and efficiency of the technology, which is constantly improving, thus reducing costs per peak kilowatt, and per kWh. Utilizing solar and wind-generated electricity in a stand-alone system requires corresponding battery or other storage capacity. The possibility of large-scale use of hydrogen in the future as a transport fuel increases the potential for both renewables and base-load electricity supply.
Energy use prediction with information theory and machine learning technique
Authors: Tong YW , Yang WY , Zhan DL 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Appliances energy consumption plays an increasingly important role in the overall building electric energy consumption and its temporal trending. However, predicting appliances energy consumption is complicated by lack of causal understanding of the appliances energy use as well as too many potential predictors that might be relevant to the appliances energy use. In this study, we apply information theory and advance machine learning neural network technique to first rank the importance of potential drivers that dominate appliances energy consumption and secondly model the temporal evolution of appliances energy consumption with a restricted set of environmental predictors. Our results showed that temperature and humidity were the two most important environmental drivers in the house appliances energy consumption modeling. Furthermore, using those environmental drivers, the machine learning model was able to accurately capture the temporal dynamics of appliances energy consumption.
The Impact of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption And Demographic Dynamics On Carbon Emissions: A Cross Country Analysis In 133 Nations
Authors: Trang P T T , Hanh N T X , Thanh B P P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The growth of economic has been a determinant factor increasing the volume of greenhouse gases, particularly CO2 emissions. To provide appropriate measures to control CO2emission, it is necessary to address how such factors as population and economic growth impact the emission of carbon dioxide in any developing country. However, the answer to what are the key factors or whether these factors have jointly impacted on CO2 emissions has been debated so far. This paper chooses five main factors, including economic growth, population growth, energy consumption, age structure and urbanization as independent variables for multiple regression model to analyse the relationship between these variables to CO2 emission variable in 133 countries. The result shows that all these factors jointly impacted on CO2emissions energy use and demographic factors should be controlled due to the highest contribution to the level of CO2. The research findings are expected to shed a light on those countries policy making in coping with climate change.
A Review on Energy Performance in Malaysian Universities Through Building Information Modelling (BIM) Adaptation
Authors: Latif A F , Ahmad N A , Abdullah M R , Ismail A , Ghani A A A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Public universities in Malaysia are challenged with the issue of energy wastage due to improper energy audit on the energy performance. The wastage of energy occured due to the lack of awareness between students and staff, and limited particular guidelines for the management to improve the situation. Effort need to be made in retrofitting the buildings, to make it more energy self – sufficient, that leads to energy saving and improve the building’s energy performance. The aim of this research is to improve the energy performance in an existing university building with the adaptation of Building Information Modelling (BIM). This paper will review on the energy performance process based on actual condition of an existing university building with the adoption of BIM based on previous researchers. It will identified the potential strength and weakness of applying BIM through energy performance process. The outcome of this paper will be used to integrate BIM in retrofitting the existing university building in order to improve energy performance. Furtheremore, it will help the facilities management in university to gain more accurate energy usage during the maintenance work.
Biomass energy from agriculture in China: Potential and evolutionary trend
Authors: Zang Liangzhen , Zhang Caihong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper aims to quantify the biomass energy potential from agriculture, analyze composition and explore evolutionary trend based on the data of 31 Chinese provinces from 1993 to 2016. The results show that: (1) China’s biomass energy potential from agriculture increased from 139.42 million metric tons of coal equivalent (Mtce) in 1993 to 196.51 Mtce in 2016, with an average annual growth of 1.57% during the 24-yr period; (2) In terms of resource composition, biomass energy potential from agriculture mainly derived from the straws of rice, wheat and maize that were as high as 60.97% in all different kinds of biomass energy; (3) In terms of evolutionary trend, the biomass energy potential from agriculture displayed an increasing trend, but disparities among the provinces began widening gradually.
Evaluating the Sustainability Impact of Greening, Water Management, Ventilation and Interior Lighting on Car Parking in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Shu-Hui , Yu-Chen Chien , Yi-Chien Lee 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Amid increasing rates of car ownership, serious issues around parking have emerged in Taiwan in recent years. However, most debates on the construction of urban parking infrastructure have focused on assessments of its economic benefits, rather than on a more comprehensive decision-making framework that takes energy use and other sustainability issues into account. Accordingly, this paper is a first step toward creating such a framework from a green-architectural perspective.
Synthesis and physicochemical properties of epoxidized oleic acid-based palm oil
Authors: Jalil Mohd Jumain , Md Zaini Mohd Saufi , Mohd Yamin Aliff Farhan , Azmi Intan Suhada , Chang Siu Hua , Morad Norhashimah , Hadi Abdul 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Epoxidized oleic acid is often regarded as a high value oleochemical due to the wide range of industrial applications including cosmetics, personal care and pharmaceutical products. Epoxidized oleic acid also extensively chosen by industry due to its advantages on the good performance as intermediate chemicals and can be obtained from renewable sources. Synthesis and physicochemical properties of oleic acid palm oil was analyzed for further reaction of epoxidation. In this study, the epoxidation of oleic acid was investigated with performic acid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide in H2O2 (30%) with formic acid. The characterization of oleic acid through iodine value, viscosity, acid value, saponification number and refractive index were 130, 146. 190.0, 206.1 and 1.47 respectively. On the other hand, the characterization of epoxidized oleic acid were 109.8, 156, 192.6, 219.9 and 1.38 of the same analysis. The chemical structures of the products were confirmed by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral analysis.
Biological Aspect Analysis of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta Cuvier, 1816) Caught by Purse Seine in Probolinggo Waters, Madura Strait, East Java
Authors: Bintoro Gatut , Jauhari Alfan , Lelono Tri Djoko , Rudianto  , Wardani Hayu Fitria 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) is one of pelagic fish caught in Probolinggo waters using purse seine. This research was conducted from January until May, 2017 at Paiton Fishing Port, Probolinggo. The purpose of this research was to identify biological aspects of Indian mackerel namely sex ratio, gonad maturity level (GML), gonado somatic index (GSI), length-weight relationship, length at first mature (Lm), length at first capture (Lc), and growth parameters such as L∞, K, and t0. The research was using direct method survey. Fish samples were taken directly from fishing vessels landed their catch in Paiton Fishing Port, Probolinggo. Result showed that sex ratio female and male was 1 : 1.19 with proportion of female and male 44.63% and 54.38% respectively. Gonad maturity level (GML) was dominated by immature fish (91.3%). Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) ranged from 0.0079 to 0.679. The formula of length and weight relationship was W=0.0007275.L3.15 with the growth type of positive allometric. Length at first mature (Lm) of male and female was 22.9 cm and 22.5 cm respectively. In addition, Length at first capture (Lc) of Indian mackerel was 17.02 cm. Growth parameters of fish were L∞ = 23.40 cm, K = 1.03 per year, and t0 = -0.165 year. Based on GML and Lc values, it can be concluded that the Indian mackerel resource in Probolinggo waters was mostly caught before mature.
Indigenous Soybean-Alternatives from Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Palupi Eny , Anwar Faisal , Tanziha Ikeu , Gunawan Made Alit , Khomsan Ali 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMore than a third of protein intake of Indonesian is fulfilled from soyfood. Unfortunately, soybean is mainly obtained through importation; it is the second largest import agri-food commodity (after wheat) in Indonesia. Almost 70% of soybeans consumed by Indonesian is imported from other countries. This study aimed to explore potential soybean-alternatives from Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta – Middle Java, Indonesia. Gunung Kidul, with its karst region domination, harsh climate condition and strong indigenous culture, kept many potential indigenous soybean-alternatives. Qualitative data were gathered by using Focus Group Discussion and in-depth interview with 24 key persons from Pucung- and Mertelu-villages, Gunung Kidul Regency. This in-depth study identified eight indigenous soybeans alternatives which then enable to be processed into three soyfood alternatives, those are:Tempe Benguk, Tempe Mlanding, and Tempe Klenthang. There were 10 traditional techniques in processing these commodities. A quantitative review using Hedges’d effect method had also been performed to compare the nutritional quality of those identified soybean alternatives. This analysis revealed that only five of those alternatives that has been scientifically published but still under-utilized.Mucuna pruriensandCanavalia gladiatahave comparable crude protein (d+, ±Vd: -2.05, ±1.01) and calcium content (2.02, ±1.01), respectively, if set the soybean as comparison. There were five main negligence reasons of these alternatives,i.e., complicated handing, potential poisonous, rarely found, less preferred, and less economic value. Fermentation seems to be the best traditional processing approach in utilizing these soybean alternatives. Advance processing technique seems promising for increasing the value of these alternatives.
The effect of Phragmites australis and Eichhornia crassipes in the removal of high total phosphorus concentrations from water
Authors: Salamah L N , Perwira I Y , Kurniawan Andi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In order to evaluate the accumulation of high phosphorus and the distribution on macrophytes part, the experiment was conducted by arranged vegetated and unvegetated treatment in a greenhouse experiment. Reactor containing 5L of phosphorus solution (50 or 500 mg/L), 4 kg of sediment and plants (Phragmites australis or Eichhornia crassipes) were prepared. The studied concentrations tried to stimulate an accumulation of Total Phosphorus (TP) in plants. Water were sampled every 5 days during 30 days of experiments while sediment and plant samples (roots, submerged leaves and aerial leaves) were collected at the beginning and at end of this study. Relative growth rate (RGR) of plants was determined considering initial and final plant height. As results, more than 60% of TP was removed by P. australis and E. crassipes from the water. Both P. australis and E. crassipes has great capability to accumulated TP in their tissues, submerged part of leaves accumulated highest TP than other part, due to directly contact with water. RGR was positive suggested both plant able to tolerance TP in high concentration. P. australis was accumulated higher TP than E. crassipes. Therefore P. australis is suitable for phytoremediation practice, being capable to tolerate high TP concentration.
Correlation between Age and Community Hygiene at Jodipan Tourism Village and Blue Arema Village, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sueb  , Suhadi  , Suwarni  , Diartika E.I.A. , Shofiyah A. , Putri D.R. , Rizky N. , Zahroh V.RA. , Widowati K.A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Malang City has quite new tourist destinations, namely Jodipan Tourism Village and Blue Arema Village. The two tourist destinations were originally slums area which were built in accordance with the regional structuring program of Malang City Goverment. The existence of the village provided a number of changes for the community, that need to be studied is the hygiene of the community in the two villages. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between age and community hygiene at Jodipan Tourism Village and Blue Arema Village. The research method used was quantitative descriptive by giving questionnaires to 23 people at Jodipan Tourism Village and also 25 people at Blue Arema Village. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation if the data were normal or Spearman correlation if the data were not normal. The results showed that age and community hygiene at Jodipan Tourism Village were not normally distributed with p = 0.403 > α = 0.05, which means there was no correlation between age and community hygiene at Jodipan Tourism Village. While the data of age and community hygiene in Blue Arema Village were normally distributed with p = 0.840 > α = 0.05, which means there was no correlation between age and community hygiene in Blue Arema Village. Thus, it can be concluded that there was no correlation between age and community hygiene in Jodipan Tourism Village and Blue Arema Village.