bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Firm of One's Own: Experimental Evidence on Credit Constraints and Occupational Choice
Authors: Brudevold-Newman Andrew , Honorati Maddalena , Ipapa Gerald , Jakiela Pamela , Ozier Owen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We evaluate two interventions targeting young women in Nairobi, Kenya. The first is a multifaceted program involving vocational training, in-kind transfers of physical capital, and ongoing mentoring. The second is an unrestricted cash grant. Both interventions shift women into self-employment, and impacts persist after six years. Both programs also increase income in the short-term, but those effects disappear over time. Though the two treatments have similar impacts on labor market outcomes, women in the multifaceted program report significantly higher wellbeing six years after treatment relative to both women in the control group and those who received the grants.
An Exploratory Study of Capacity Assessment in Medical Practice in Ireland
Authors: Spain Eimear , Davidson Hope , O’Donnell Patrick , Jalali Amirhossein , McKittrick Seoidin , Leo Roisin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The current legal test for capacity under the common law is a functional test. It determines whether a person can make a particular decision at a particular time; it focuses on retained abilities rather than on presumed deficits – in order to promote patient autonomy in decision-making. International evidence suggests however that the test is not well understood and consequently not being correctly applied in practice by a range of medical professionals. Donnelly has argued that gaining a better understanding of how capacity assessments are actually employed is essential to improving the quality of assessments. To date, there is little data on how doctors in particular make their assessments in practice. Using a socio-legal methodology, this quantitative study aims to assess understanding of capacity among a group of general practitioners/family medicine doctors in Ireland, and to determine how they assess capacity in clinical practice. Our study found that notwithstanding a lack of confidence in their ability to assess decision-making capacity, that respondents in fact demonstrated a high level of understanding and of ability to correctly apply the functional test in practice.
Inscribing Janaki Ammal: Biographies and the Act of Remembering
Authors: Jyothisha V. R. , Shalini M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the life and commemoration of E. K. Janaki Ammal, a groundbreaking Indian botanist and cytogeneticist. By analysing three biographical sources, the paper explores how these narratives portray Ammal as an exemplary female scientist, specifically by formulating a rigid picture of an ‘ideal female scientist’. While elucidating the career and gender-specific challenges faced by Ammal as a female scientist, the paper employs the methodological framework of feminist science studies to explore the creation, dissemination, and attribution of specific subjectivities. It examines how class, gender, and caste in India affected Ammal’s scientific career. Moreover, these biographies shed light on the role played by race in her scientific pursuits in nineteenth-century British India.
Improved Russo-Wiberg Model: Unveiling New Dimensions in Parliamentary Question Comparison
Authors: Czinege Matej 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes an improved model for comparing parliamentary question systems based on their procedural settings. It draws upon a model which was first proposed by Russo and Wiberg (2010). In addition to incorporating new categories for evaluating parliamentary questions, the improved model is also adapted for application to both forms of parliamentary questions in terms of assessing their potentials (informational and confrontational). It is proposed that both oral and written questions be evaluated using identical criteria. Finally, the paper presents a brief case study to demonstrate the application of the modified model and to test whether the proposed criteria should indeed be included in the model.
Interaction of azithromycin and methylprednisolone with ex-vivo extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits (ECMO)
Authors: Chevalier Andrew , McKnite Autumn , Whelan Aviva , Imburgia Carina , Rower Joseph E , Watt Kevin M , Green Danielle J 
Published: November 2024

Background Azithromycin and methylprednisolone are two medications that are commonly used in patients who require ECMO support. Unfortunately, ECMO support can decrease drug concentrations through adsorption to circuit components. Such interactions have not been well described for either azithromycin or methylprednisolone. This study determined the extraction of these medications by ECMO circuits in an ex-vivo system. Methods Medications were administered to closed-loop, blood-primed ECMO circuits to attain target therapeutic concentrations. Drug concentration remaining in the circuit was measured over 6 h. The difference in medication recovery was compared between the ECMO circuits and controls using two-sample t-tests. Results Concentrations of azithromycin and methylprednisolone remained constant in control experiments over time, indicating medication stability in blood. There was no statistical difference in percent recovery after 6 h between control experiments and the ECMO circuits for either azithromycin ( p = .32) or methylprednisolone ( p = .17). Discussion Azithromycin and methylprednisolone did not significantly interact with ex-vivo ECMO circuits. While these studies do not account for all in-vivo pharmacokinetic changes that may occur as a result of ECMO and critical illness, they suggest that standard dosing may be adequate to achieve therapeutic concentrations of azithromycin and methylprednisolone.
Self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffold accelerates healing of patellar tendon injury: A histological and biomechanical study
Authors: Ishitani Takashi , Otsuki Shuhei , Yamauchi Shota , Okamoto Yoshinori , Wakama Hitoshi , Sezaki Shunsuke , Matsuyama Junya , Nakamura Kaito , Iwata Takeru , Hirota Chuji , Hirano Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2024

Although KI24RGDS peptide hydrogel that acts as a cell adhesion has been reported to repair tissue in meniscus injury, its effect on tendon injuries remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of KI24RGDS for tendon repair based on histological and biomechanical evaluation. After introducing defects (length: 10 mm; width: 3 mm) at the centers of rabbits’ patellar tendons, and the KI24RGDS group was implanted with KI24RGDS and observed for 8 weeks. KI24RGDS implantation resulted in limited tendon elongation and better histological scores with uniformed collagen fiber orientation and early vascularization. The failure load of the patellar tendon was higher in the KI24RGDS group than that in the defect group ( p < 0.05) and no significant difference with the control group (intact patellar tendon) at 8 weeks postoperatively. In conclusion, KI24RGDS administration might have therapeutic potential for tendon injuries by accelerating collagen remodeling.
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in severely immunocompromised people living with HIV: Findings from a five-year cohort
Authors: Fernández-Díaz María del Rocío , Faro-Miguez Naya , Aguilera-Franco María , Muñoz-Medina Leopoldo , Ruiz-Sancho Andrés , Rodríguez-Granger Javier , Guirao-Arrabal Emilio 
Published: November 2024

Background We sought to clarify the current incidence, risk factors and symptoms of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (dMAC) infection in admitted people living with HIV in a hospital in the Southeast of Spain. Methods 5-years observational, retrospective and single-centre study. Demographic, clinical and analytical variables, along with microbiological, treatment and follow-up were collected. Results Five cases of dMAC infection in severely immunocompromised people living with HIV people living were found. dMAC was diagnosed in 22.7% of patients under 100 CD4. All patients presented with fever and clinical manifestations of pneumonia, lymphadenopathy, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite low CD4 levels and high viral loads in some cases, primary prophylaxis had not been previously administered. Conclusions Until 2018, U.S. American guidelines recommended antimycobacterial prophylaxis for patients with low CD4 cell counts, a practice not adopted in Europe. Untreated dMAC infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. dMAC infection represents a prevalent disease in severely immunosuppressed people living with HIV. dMAC requires a high index of suspicion in this population, in order to perform mycobacterial cultures from different samples.
Physical Therapy as Part of a Telehealth Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Modification Program (IM FIT): Preliminary Outcomes and Program Feedback From Cancer Survivors
Authors: Brehm Christin A. , Christie Aimee J. , Cohen Lorenzo , Lilly Susan , Powers-James Catherine , Lopez Gabriel 
Published: November 2024

Background: Physical therapy (PT) has an important role in Integrative Oncology programs, addressing the unique physical health needs of individuals with cancer through exercise counseling. We share our experience with the PT component of our telehealth comprehensive lifestyle modification program including data from our first cohort of patients. Methods: The PT component of our lifestyle modification program included 6 one-hour synchronous video sessions (30 minutes exercise education, 30 minutes exercise) over the 12-week program. Participants received handouts electronically that included information regarding each week’s exercise-related topic, as well as weekly exercise assignments. Outcomes included weight, days of aerobic exercise, minutes of aerobic exercise, and days of strengthening exercise. Six patients completed the program and submitted an anonymous exit survey providing qualitative feedback on the program. Results: On average, patients reported engaging in aerobic exercise 4 days per week and strength training 2 days per week after the intervention. There were notable increases in days of strength training. Patients lost an average of 4.2% of their body weight over the course of the 12-week program. Qualitative feedback showed that the first cohort of patients described the telehealth program as enjoyable, valuable, and convenient. Discussion: Physical therapy exercise programs can be modified and tailored for delivery in a telehealth environment. Increased patient access remains a strength of this model, serving to equip patients with the tools needed for increasing aerobic and strength training activity. Overall, the program was implemented successfully, and the anonymous feedback survey completed after program completion showed high patient satisfaction.
Assessing the Use of Virtual Pointers in Laparoscopic Surgery Training Activities
Authors: Jiménez-Ruescas Javier , Celdrán Fco J. , Salazar Lucía , Sánchez-Margallo Juan A. , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M. , González Pascual 
Published: November 2024

Background Laparoscopic surgery has advanced significantly; however, effective communication within the surgical team remains challenging, particularly in training scenarios where misinterpretation of instructions can lead to errors. Virtual pointers, indicating the instructor’s gaze through eye-tracking devices and overlaying it onto the screen using augmented reality (AR), can enhance understanding and reduce errors. Methods In a study involving 10 participants divided into experts and novices in laparoscopic surgery, various pointers (differing in shape, size and colour) were analysed in an AR environment using the HoloLens2 device. The aim was to assess the acceptance of these pointers by both groups, understand how their characteristics affect perception, and evaluate the AR device’s usefulness. Results Initial results showed an 80% acceptance rate. After analysing the pointers, this decreased to 60%, as some experts changed their opinion from positive to neutral. The study revealed that the characteristics of the pointers significantly affect their perception, with large, thick-rimmed pointers being preferred. Orange was the best-performing colour. The device used also influenced perception, as experts who changed their perception criticised certain aspects of the head-mounted display. Conclusions The study highlights the potential of virtual pointers to improve communication in laparoscopic training, particularly when their size, shape, and colour are optimised. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm these results and explore the HoloLens2’s influence on users’ perceptions. These insights could guide the development of more effective training tools for minimally invasive surgery.
Thirty-day outcomes of endovascular repair of Stanford type B aortic dissection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Li Renxi , Sidawy Anton , Nguyen Bao-Ngoc 
Published: November 2024

Background Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) has revolutionized the surgical treatment for Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD). While chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with worse outcomes in major surgeries, the specific outcomes of TEVAR in patients with COPD have not been extensively explored. This study aimed to evaluate the 30-day postoperative outcomes of COPD patients undergoing TEVAR for TBAD utilizing data from a multi-institutional national registry. Methods Patients who underwent TEVAR for TBAD were identified in the ACS-NSQIP database from 2005 to 2022. A 1:3 propensity-score matching was used to match demographics and preoperative characteristics between patients with and without COPD. Thirty-day postoperative outcomes were compared. Results There were 172 (9.56%) and 1628 (90.44%) COPD and non-COPD patients who underwent TEVAR for TBAD, respectively. Patients with COPD had a higher comorbidity burden. After the propensity-score matching, all 172 COPD patients were matched to 440 non-COPD patients. COPD and non-COPD patients had comparable mortality rates (10.12% vs 6.82%, p = .18). However, COPD patients had a higher risk of pulmonary complications (20.83% vs 13.18%, p = .02). All other 30-day outcomes were similar between the two groups. Conclusion COPD patients had 58.04% higher pulmonary complications while all other 30-day outcomes were comparable to their non-COPD counterparts. Therefore, close monitoring and timely intervention for pulmonary complications in COPD patients can be important after TEVAR for TBAD. Future studies should investigate long-term outcomes among these COPD patients.
Prevalence of urinary tract infections in pregnancy in rural Andean communities of Peru
Authors: Venkatesh Apoorva , Sanchez-Samaniego Giuliana , Mäusezahl Daniel , Hattendorf Jan , Hartinger Stella Maria 
Published: November 2024

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can adversely affect pregnancy, yet their prevalence in rural communities remains poorly understood. Objective: For an initial evaluation of the UTI burden among pregnant women in the San Marcos province of rural Andean Peru, we aimed to determine the UTI prevalence in the region. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a subsample of 250 pregnant women enrolled in the Peruvian Andes Multigenerational High Altitude Cohort (ALTO) from 2021 to 2022. Methods: Structured questionnaires were administered to collect demographic, socioeconomic, maternal health and behavioural data. Urine samples were obtained for dipstick analyses. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between risk factors and UTI. Results: The study participants had a median age of 28 years (IQR: 22–33). A UTI prevalence of 27.6% (CI: 22.4%–33.5%) was observed, surpassing estimates from other regions of Peru. Notably, nearly all pregnant women (96%) utilised antenatal care (ANC) services at least once, primarily visiting health centres and community health posts where doctors and obstetricians were the main care providers. In this population, none of the risk factors exhibited statistically significant associations with UTIs. Conclusion: Our study highlights the prevalence of UTIs among Andean pregnant women in San Marcos and underscores the critical need for routine UTI screening and treatment during ANC visits as recommended by national guidelines. While accessibility to ANC services is not a barrier in this region, enhancing the availability and quality of UTI screening services is crucial.
Considerations for regulation and evaluation of digital mental health technologies
Authors: Hopkin Gareth , Branson Richard , Campbell Paul , Coole Holly , Cooper Sophie , Edelmann Francesca , Salmon Mark 
Published: November 2024

Digital mental health technologies (DMHTs) are becoming well established within mental health services and through direct-to-consumer models. Due to their scalable nature, DMHTs may support services to bridge the gap between demand and the available workforce, particularly where existing pathways have long delays or restricted capacity. Challenges and risks associated with DMHTs also need consideration. Regulatory and health technology assessment (HTA) agencies play a key role in ensuring the potential of DMHTs is achieved and their risks are mitigated. However, the nature of DMHTs and advances in digital technology present challenges for regulation and evaluation. In this paper, we describe eight key considerations across the regulatory and HTA pathway for DMHTs. These relate to 1) intended purpose, 2) qualification and classification, 3) risk management, 4) clinical evidence, 5) resource requirements and economic evidence, 6) post-market surveillance and life cycle assessment, 7) replicability and equity, and 8) wider responsibilities. Ensuring clarity within these considerations and addressing outstanding uncertainties is necessary to ensure that the benefits of DMHTs are unlocked, while also ensuring that people have access to high quality and safe tools.
High-Speed and Low-Noise Gear Finishing by Gear Grinding and Honing: A Review
Authors: Tian Xiaoqing , Sun Yukai , Mu Weihao , Xia Lian , Han Jiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGears are important mechanical parts for transmitting power and play an increasingly important role in the machinery industry. The electric vehicle industry developed rapidly and became a vital development field of the automotive industry over the past few years. The conversion of energy increases the requirements for electric vehicle transmissions, which promotes the development of high-speed and low-noise transmission gear. This paper elaborates on the research progress of high-speed and low-noise gear finishing methods. Firstly, this review analyses the machining requirements, finishing, and specific machining technologies of high-speed and low-noise gears. The importance of gear grinding and honing in high-speed and low-noise gear machining is highlighted. Secondly, the applications of gear grinding and honing in gear modification, error compensation, and texture control are analyzed. Furthermore, the role of precision machining technology in improving gear performance is clarified. Finally, the design and processing methods of the modified tooth flank for gear modification are summarized. In addition, the influence of tooth surface texture on noise is described, and the texture change methods are explored. The well-known open problems of gear finishing are finally identified, and some new research interests are also pointed out. This review will provide valuable references for further research on gear finishing.
The effect of anxiety and autism symptom severity on restricted and repetitive behaviors over time in children with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Moskowitz Lauren J. , Will Elizabeth A. , Black Conner J. , Roberts Jane E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are highly prevalent and reduce function in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). As transdiagnostic features of intellectual disability, elevated rates of RRBs in FXS could represent various underlying known co-occurring conditions in FXS such as anxiety or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet this distinction has not been investigated. Further, delineating whether RRBs are more indicative of anxiety or ASD in FXS may clarify phenotypic profiles within FXS and improve differential assessment.

Methods
We longitudinally examined the potentially independent or multiplicative effect of ASD and anxiety symptom severity on RRBs in 60 children with FXS. Anxiety was measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), ASD severity was measured using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and RRBs were measured using the Repetitive Behavior Scale – Revised (RBS-R). We estimated a series of moderated regression models with anxiety and ASD symptoms at the initial assessment (Time 1) as predictors of RRBs at the outcome assessment two years later (Time 2), along with an anxiety-by-ASD interaction term to determine the potential multiplicative effect of these co-occurring conditions on RRBs.

Results
Results identified a significant interaction between ASD and anxiety symptom severity at the initial assessment that predicted elevated sensory-motor RRBs two years later. Increased sensory-motor RRBs were predicted by elevated ASD symptoms only when anxiety symptom severity was low. Likewise, increased sensory-motor RRBs were predicted by elevated anxiety symptoms only when ASD symptom severity was low. Interestingly, this relationship was isolated to Sensory-Motor RRBs, with evidence that it could also apply to total RRBs.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that ASD and anxiety exert independent and differential effects on Sensory-Motor RRBs when at high severity levels and a multiplicative effect when at moderate levels, which has important implications for early and targeted interventions.