bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing modified Hawking evaporation with gravitational waves from the primordial black hole dominated universe
Authors: Balaji Shyam , Domènech Guillem , Franciolini Gabriele , Ganz Alexander , Tränkle Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It has been recently proposed that Hawking evaporation might slow down after a black hole has lost about half of its mass. Such an effect, called “memory burden”, is parameterized as a suppression in the mass loss rate by negative powers n
of the black hole entropy and could considerably extend the lifetime of a black hole. We study the impact of memory burden on the Primordial Black Hole (PBH) reheating scenario.
Modified PBH evaporation leads to a significantly longer PBH dominated stage. Requiring that PBHs evaporate prior enough to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis shrinks the allowed PBH mass range. Indeed, we find that for n > 2.5 the PBH reheating scenario is not viable. The frequency of the Gravitational Waves (GWs) induced by PBH number density fluctuations is bound to be larger than about a Hz, while the amplitude of the GW spectrum is enhanced due to the longer PBH dominated phase. Interestingly, we show that, in some models, the slope of the induced GW spectrum might be sensitive to the modifications to Hawking evaporation, proving it may be possible to test the “memory burden” effect via induced GWs. Lastly, we argue that our results could also apply to general modifications of Hawking evaporation.
Strong lensing as a probe of braneworld
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Hong , Wen Dan , Zhang Hongsheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For the first time, we use the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) data to constrain the parameters of braneworld black holes which constrain ϵ = 0.0285+0.0888+0.1456
-0.0895-0.1475 for the anisotropic black hole and q = -0.0305+0.1034+0.1953
-0.0895-0.1470 for the tidal Reissner-Nordström (RN) black hole. Based on the fitted data and physical requirement, we calculate the photon deflection, the angular separation and time delay between different relativistic images of the anisotropic black hole and the tidal RN black hole in the ranges -0.1190 < ϵ < 0 and -0.1775 < q < 0. And furthermore, we study the quasinormal modes (QNMs) for the braneworld black holes. The results shed light on existence of extra dimension.
Backward pumping Tm-doped fiber amplifier with >60% slope efficiency
Authors: Zhu R Z , Hu C D , Wang J C , Wen X , Zhang H B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, an efficient all fiber Tm-doped fiber amplifier which is backward-pumped with multi-mode laser diodes at 793 nm is reported. A maximum slope efficiency of 64.4%, a maximum output power of 35.5 W, a spectral signal to noise ratio of 66 dB and an ideal Gaussian beam profile are achieved. The results indicate that the implementation of a backward pumping scheme and strong injection of the seed power can enhance the slope efficiency, which is particularly crucial for high power fiber amplifiers at 2 μm.
The Discrete Grey Power Model Based on Aging Accumulation and its Application
Authors: Yang Baohua , Li Kegang , Zhao Jinshuai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Accumulation generation is one of the key methods to reduce the randomness of data series, which significantly enhances the predictive performance of the grey prediction model. By integrating a degenerate operator, a novel accumulating discrete grey power model is introduced, capable of substantially enhancing the accuracy of predictions. This method allows for the flexible adjustment of the accumulation coefficient in the modeling data, mitigating the fluctuations in model parameters due to data perturbations, and effectively minimizing the loss of differential information. The outcomes of practical numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed aging accumulation discrete grey power model exhibits superior performance.
Small Object Detection with Small Samples Using High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Chen Yuanwei , Liu Shishuo , Li Yang , Tian Luyun , Chen Qianqian , Li Jilin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Interpretation of remote sensing images has become a research hotspot in the field of remote sensing in recent years. It is currently widely applied in areas such as mapping, dynamic monitoring, earth resource surveys and geological disaster investigation. Compared to traditional methods, remote sensing image target detection and recognition methods based on deep learning have achieved significant improvements in accuracy. However, these methods often face challenges such as sample scarcity, interference from complex background, limited feature information, and the dependence on discriminative key feature regions for recognizing fine-grained targets. Addressing these challenges, this paper conducts research on small target detection methods using high-resolution remote sensing images. It explores deep learning theories and methods such as feature enhancement and attention mechanisms within a supervised learning framework. The proposed target detection model consists of four parts: Deep feature extraction module, which extracts features of small targets at multiple scales. Feature enhancement module, which enhances the feature differences between the background and small targets at different scales. Target detection module based on enhanced features. Loss function for optimizing network parameters. Experimental validation shows that this model can effectively extract feature information of small targets under sample-scarce conditions, achieving outstanding results in small target detection in remote sensing images.
Bi-objective Robust Optimization on LNG Hybrid Energy Vessel Routing for Floating Marine Debris Collection
Authors: Feng Xuan , Duan Gang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Marine debris not only damages ecosystem, but also threatens marine life and human health. The effective way to remove marine debris is to send ships to collect it, so this paper studies the problem of vessel route for debris collection. Due to the high carbon emissions of traditional diesel, we use LNG and diesel hybrid-powered ships. Since the weight of marine debris is difficult to measure, we consider the weight of debris as an uncertain parameter. And we establish a bi-objective robust optimization model with the objectives of minimizing travel time and carbon emissions. Then, through dual theory and equivalent transformation, we convert the robust model into a deterministic model. We combine the traditional MOEA/D with a neighborhood search algorithm to design the H-MOEA/D algorithm. Finally, 30 debris spots in the sea area near Yangshan Port are selected as examples to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The results show that hybrid energy ships can save time and resources effectively and reduce carbon emission.
On the Generalization of an Attention-based GRU Model for Shield Attitude and Position Prediction
Authors: Yao Chun-Qiao , An Hong-Bin , Cao Song-Ran , Chen Elton J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Misalignment between the shield machine and tunnel design axis during tunneling can result in several issues. Shield attitude parameters are crucial for ensuring stable tunneling and reducing the risk of accidents in shield projects. This study investigates a method for predicting EPB shield attitudes using various algorithms. A reliable model for predicting shield attitudes was constructed by a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and attention mechanism that can prioritize core parameters with higher weights. The Pearson correlation coefficient method was conducted to analyze input parameters in order to enhance prediction efficiency. The test results indicate that the proposed GRU-Attention based method achieves satisfactory predictions, with an average R2 value of 0.85. Additional data is extracted to validate the generalization of the trained model. Finally, the factors influencing the model’s generalization were analyzed to provide experience for further development of cross-engineering predictive models.
Correspondence between Morphometric MRI and Metabolism Profile in Self-limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes
Authors: Yang Siqi , Liao Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS) is a common pediatric epilepsy, and this age-dependent subtype usually incidents in the golden period of brain development. The integration of multi-scale and cross-modal brain image data can help to analyze the neural mechanism of brain development. In this study, we aimed to test whether macroscale brain morphometric features were altered in children with SeLECTS, and how the differences were related to clinical phenotypes and brain metabolism profiles. We extracted five cortical morphometric features to construct morphometric similarity (MS) connectome. The study revealed significant case-control differences in the MS in children with SeLECTS, mainly involved in left prefrontal area, right precuneus, left supramarginal gyrus and medial temporal gyrus. The MS in supramarginal gyrus was negatively correlated with general intelligence measurements. And the global changes of the MS showed correlations between metabolism profiles of dopamine D2, glutamate and vesicular acetylcholine transporter distributions.
Optimization of Parameter Estimation for Weibull-Distributed Interval-censored Data
Authors: Yu Yang , Gong Jianguo , Zhu Kunping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The proposed method deals with a common type of data in reliability engineering with the number of failures checked at predetermined intervals. Different from the numerical algorithms, approximate analytical expressions for the Parameter Estimation of Weibull Distributions are obtained in this paper by fitting the probability density with the frequency histogram directly. Theoretical proof of the analytical solutions is given in terms of the dual least squares method, and the effectiveness of the analytical solutions is also verified through Monte Carlo simulations. Moreover, the method’s superiority is demonstrated by comparing it with the related techniques in the literature. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the Hong Kong casualty data from the World Health Organization, and the distribution of population in each age group among the unknown casualties is effectively predicted.
Simulation of Damage and Destruction Mechanism of Rock Body Scale Surrounding Rock in Soft Rock Tunneling Project
Authors: Wang Xiong , Li Bo , Yu Zhehan , Chen Jiancheng , Lu Yunhui , Yu Wenhai , Song Xinhong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Yunnan-China Dianzhong Diversion Project, one of the largest diversion projects currently under construction in China, aims to optimize water allocation issues in Yunnan. The project traverses areas of sandy dolomite, a typical soft rock characterized by a loose texture and low strength. This paper examines the damage and destruction of the surrounding rock within the engineering scale of a sanded dolomite tunnel. By combining field construction data with the Mohr-Coulomb ontological model, the study investigates the damage and destruction process of sanded dolomite tunnels and evaluates the influence of various factors on the rock body. The results indicate a strong correlation between the degree of sanding in dolomite and the extent of damage to the surrounding rocks. As the sanding degree increases, the particle size of the dolomite diminishes, leading to a decrease in the modulus of elasticity and compressive strength, while Poisson’s ratio increases. A higher fine-grained content corresponds to a greater modulus of elasticity and a smaller Poisson’s ratio. Similarly, increased cementation strength results in a higher modulus of elasticity and a lower Poisson’s ratio. With the progression of the sanded dolomite grade, the porosity within the rock body gradually increases, and the likelihood of cracks propagating to the surface at the tunnel’s top becomes more pronounced.
Based on Finite Element Simulation: Optimization of Microneedle Structure and Mechanical Performance Analysis
Authors: Wang Wenkai , Liang Yanhong , Yan Xiaoxiao , Tang Gang , Xu Fang , Li Zhibiao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Microneedles, as an innovative drug delivery technology, demonstrate great potential for application due to their superior performance in transdermal drug delivery. Compared with traditional injection needles, microneedles can reduce pain and the risk of infection after insertion into the skin, and have the potential to organically combine with other external technologies to further enhance the effectiveness of drug delivery and therapeutic effect. However, to achieve efficient drug delivery, the design and optimization of microneedles must comprehensively consider their mechanical properties and penetration depth. This study systematically analyzes the mechanical performance of microneedles by using finite element software to simulate the skin insertion process of single microneedles, dual microneedles, and microneedle arrays. Firstly, a simplified skin model and a two-dimensional axisymmetric model were established to simulate the penetration force and stress variations during the insertion of a single microneedle into the skin. Subsequently, the relationship between penetration force and depth for double and nine-needle arrays under different spacing conditions was studied. The simulation results show that the spacing between microneedles significantly affects their penetration performance: as the spacing increases, the penetration depth and force gradually decrease, but this effect diminishes when the spacing exceeds 500 μm. Ultimately, a centre spacing of 600 μm was determined to be the optimal spacing for the microneedle arrays. This study not only confirms the validity of the theoretical analysis but also provides an important basis for the design and optimization of microneedle structures.
Numerical Simulation on Dynamic Stall Characteristics of Iced Airfoil for Helicopter Rotor
Authors: Niu Qingfeng , Yuan Mingchuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The icing of the rotor blade will change the aerodynamic surface shape of the rotor blade, which will affect the aerodynamic performance of the rotor. In order to study the effect of icing on the stall characteristics of rotor-blade airfoil, especially the dynamic stall characteristics, the airfoil icing shape is obtained by using FENSAP-ICE software, and the dynamic stall characteristics of rotor-blade airfoil OA209 are calculated by using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) software STAR CCM+. The grid of the icing airfoil is an O-shaped grid topology and the background grid adopts a Cartesian grid. The compressible Reynolds averaged N-S equation is used to calculate the flow field of the clean airfoil and the iced airfoil, and the variation law of the airfoil lift drag coefficient with the attack angle of an airfoil is obtained. The calculation shows that the iced airfoil will increase the airfoil drag and reduce the steady stall angle of attack; The dynamic stall angle of attack is also reduced, and the reattachment ability of the air flow decreases during the decrease of attack angle of the airfoil.
Research on Load Correlation of Blunt Headed Aircraft
Authors: Hou Yingyu , Li Qi , Liu Ziqiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In order to study the influencing factors of static and dynamic loads on short blunt body balanced wing structures in the external atmospheric environment, and to avoid and prevent structural overload and damage, this paper conducted load tests on short blunt body structures and conducted load correlation analysis. This article establishes a dynamic load testing method for internal excitation and measurement, which is more suitable for dynamic load measurement of small structures compared to traditional wind tunnel testing techniques. On this basis, the influencing factors of dynamic loads were studied. By measuring and changing the Mach number, angle of attack, model frequency, and aerodynamic damping data of the model flight, the influence of the above variables on the static and dynamic loads of the model was obtained. The experimental results indicate that the established measurement technique can accurately and effectively obtain static and dynamic test results of the structure. Pneumatic damping is negatively correlated with dynamic loads, with a correlation coefficient of around -0.8. The Mach number and angle of attack are positively correlated with dynamic loads, with a correlation coefficient of around 0.98. This article establishes a new wind tunnel testing and measurement method, analyzes the influencing factors of dynamic loads, and is of great significance for dynamic load measurement and the design of new aircraft.
Cage Dynamic Analysis of Four-point Contact Ball Bearing for High-speed Railway Traction Motor
Authors: Wang Yongjie , Wang Haoyang , Yan Jingxiang , Wang Bing , Wen Baogang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The cage, serving as a pivotal element in rolling bearings, possesses dynamic characteristics that have a direct bearing on the overall performance of the bearing. This paper caters to the requirements of dynamic and strength analysis of the four-point contact ball-bearing cage in high-speed railway traction motors. A rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model of the bearing is established on the ADAMS platform and its dynamic analysis was carried out under variable axial forces and with different guiding clearances. The results show that the variable axial force has little effect on the bearing cage stress, but has a great effect on the bearing cage motion. The guiding clearance has little effect on the stress of the cage, but it affects the displacement and speed of the cage obviously.
Seven years into the North Pacific garbage patch: legacy plastic fragments rising disproportionally faster than larger floating objects
Authors: Lebreton Laurent , de Vries Robin , Pham Yannick , Wolter Helen , van Vulpen Marjolein , Puskic Peter , Sainte-Rose Bruno , Royer Sarah-Jeanne , Egger Matthias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The North Pacific garbage patch has accumulated floating plastic pollution for several decades. The Ocean Cleanup, a not-for-profit organization that works to retrieve this floating plastic, has conducted systematic surveys in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre since 2015. The dataset, now spanning seven years, includes the deployment of trawls of varying sizes and the collection of aerial imagery. Here, we report a synthesis of these measurements and highlight an unexpected rise in mass concentration of plastic fragments (0.5–50 mm, from 2.9 kg km−2 in 2015 to 14.2 kg km−2 in 2022), increasing at a faster rate than that of larger items (>50 mm). With a mass balance model, we show that a substantial fraction of this material (74%–96%) is new to the region and does not result from the degradation of larger items that were already present in these waters seven years ago. Instead, we hypothesise it is the signature of the degradation and transport processes of legacy floating plastic pollution left accumulated in the global marine environment for the past decades.
Application of hydrostatic pressure up-regulates Sost gene expression in osteocytic spheroids
Authors: Kim Jeonghyun , Niioka Kotone , Maeda Eijiro , Matsumoto Takeo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we developed a hydrostatic pressurizing chamber capable of applying hydrostatic pressure to osteocytic spheroids derived from mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Our results demonstrate that a 4-h exposure to 200 kPa of hydrostatic pressure did not alter the apparent morphology of the spheroids. However, gene expression analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of Sost, a marker of late-stage osteocyte differentiation.
Effects of incentivising dialysis facilities on peripheral arterial disease care in patients undergoing haemodialysis: a claims-based cohort study
Authors: Suzuki Yasunori , Iwagami Masao , Shimizu Sayuri , Goto Atsushi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) occurs frequently in patients undergoing dialysis, but early intervention for PAD may not be fully implemented. We evaluated the effects of financially incentivising dialysis facilities that provided early detection and management of PAD on outcomes of PAD care.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study identified patients aged 18–74 years who received maintenance haemodialysis between April 2016 and March 2021 from the JMDC Claims Database. The (time-dependent) exposure was claim for incentives for early detection and management of PAD. The outcomes were PAD screening tests (process indicator) and infections, revascularisation procedures, and amputations in the lower extremities (outcome indicators). We used Poisson regression models with generalised estimation equations for the number of screening tests and Cox proportional hazards models for the first incidence of the outcome indicator.

Results
Overall, 5850 patients on haemodialysis were identified: 5183 and 667 with and without claims for the incentive, respectively; the numbers of screening tests were 9070 and 776, respectively (adjusted ratio of the frequency, 1.89 [95% confidence interval 1.70–2.10]). Among patients with and without claims for the incentive, infections occurred in 479 and 109 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.99 [0.80–1.23]), revascularisations were performed in 192 and 29 (adjusted HR, 1.11 [0.75–1.66]), and amputations were conducted in 72 and 9 patients, respectively (adjusted HR, 1.35 [0.66–2.75]).

Conclusion
The financial incentive for early detection and management of PAD was associated with a higher frequency of PAD screening tests, but not with improved outcome indicators.
Using Situational Crime Prevention (SCP)-C3 cycle and common inventory of cybersecurity controls from ISO/IEC 27002:2022 to prevent cybercrimes
Authors: Ho Heemeng , Ko Ryan , Mazerolle Lorraine , Gilmour John , Miao Cheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Situational Crime Prevention (SCP) is a well-documented crime prevention approach that reduces criminal opportunities for a range of different crimes. However, SCP adoption in combating cybercrimes is currently limited. Current cybersecurity controls are not mapped to crime prevention techniques, and consequently, it is hard to gauge if existing controls are actually effective in reducing crime opportunities. The dynamic environments and complex nature of cybercrimes—spanning from human-centric cyber-enabled crimes to highly technical cyber-focused crimes—exacerbate the inability to apply or measure cybersecurity controls for crime prevention effectiveness. Using best practices from the globally adopted ISO/IEC 27002:2022 standard, our paper aligns industry best-practice cybersecurity controls with the five SCP strategies and 25 techniques. We conduct a comprehensive review of 1788 peer-reviewed academic articles across computer science, criminal justice, and criminology literature using the PRISMA method. We elucidate how our common inventory of SCP-based cybersecurity controls is developed and the rationale behind the mapping of ISO/IEC controls to SCP classification. We propose our SCP-C3 (Concentrate, Comprehend, and Consider) cycle as an instrument to facilitate multi-disciplinary research in cybercrime prevention and illustrate conceptually how our SCP-C3 cycle and common inventory can be applied at intervention points in cybercrime modelling techniques in a multi-disciplinary environment.