bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White matter T2 hyperintensities and blood‐brain barrier disruption in the hyperacute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage in male mice: The role of lipocalin‐2
Authors: Toyota Yasunori , Wei Jialiang , Xi Guohua , Keep Richard F. , Hua Ya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsThe current study examined whether white matter injury occurs in the hyperacute (4 hours) phase after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the potential role of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) disruption and an acute phase protein, lipocalin 2 (LCN2), in that injury.MethodsSubarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by endovascular perforation in adult mice. First, wild‐type (WT) mice underwent MRI 4 hours after SAH to detect white matter T2 hyperintensities. Second, changes in LCN2 expression and BBB disruption associated with the MRI findings were examined. Third, SAH‐induced white matter injury at 4 hours was compared in WT and LCN2 knockout (LCN2 KO) mice.ResultsAt 4 hours, most animals had uni‐ or bilateral white matter T2 hyperintensities after SAH in WT mice that were associated with BBB disruption and LCN2 upregulation. However, some disruption and LCN2 upregulation was also found in mice with no T2‐hyperintensity lesion. In contrast, there were no white matter T2 hyperintensities in LCN2 KO mice after SAH. LCN2 deficiency also attenuated BBB disruption, myelin damage, and oligodendrocyte loss.ConclusionsSubarachnoid hemorrhage causes very early BBB disruption and LCN2 expression in white matter that is associated with and may precede T2 hyperintensities. LCN2 deletion attenuates MRI changes and pathological changes in white matter after SAH.
Implementation of multimodal computed tomography in a telestroke network: Five‐year experience
Authors: Garcia‐Esperon Carlos , Soderhjelm Dinkelspiel Frode , Miteff Ferdi , Gangadharan Shyam , Wellings Tom , O´Brien Bill , Evans James , Lillicrap Tom , Demeestere Jelle , Bivard Andrew , Parsons Mark , Levi Chris , Spratt Neil James ,   for the Northern NSW Telestroke investigators
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsPenumbral selection is best‐evidence practice for thrombectomy in the 6‐24 hour window. Moreover, it helps to identify the best responders to thrombolysis. Multimodal computed tomography (mCT) at the primary centre—including noncontrast CT, CT perfusion, and CT angiography—may enhance reperfusion therapy decision‐making. We developed a network with five spoke primary stroke sites and assessed safety, feasibility, and influence of mCT in rural hospitals on decision‐making for thrombolysis.MethodsConsecutive patients assessed via telemedicine from April 2013 to June 2018. Clinical outcomes were measured, and decision‐making compared using theoretical models for reperfusion therapy applied without mCT guidance. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) was assessed according to Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke Thrombolysis Registry criteria.ResultsA total of 334 patients were assessed, 240 received mCT, 58 were thrombolysed (24.2%). The mean age of thrombolysed patients was 70 years, median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 10 (IQR 7‐18) and 23 (39.7%) had a large vessel occlusion. 1.7% had sICH and 3.5% parenchymal hematoma. Three months poststroke, 55% were independent, compared with 70% in the non‐thrombolysed group.ConclusionImplementation of CTP in rural centers was feasible and led to high thrombolysis rates with low rates of sICH.
“M” line: New anatomical landmark for the maxillary sinus natural ostium
Authors: Leite Janaina Gonçalves da Silva , Nogueira Joao Flavio , Pallanch John , da Costa Ticiana Cabral , Feijão Moisés Ximenes , Querido Raquel de Sousa Lobo Ferreira , Cavalcante Maria Luzete Costa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveDescribe a reliable anatomical landmark that can be used to locate the maxillary sinus natural ostium (MSNO) during endoscopic surgery, even if the uncinate process is preserved.DesignDescriptive anatomical.SettingAn anatomical and radiological study was performed to evaluate the consistency of the landmark, denominated "M" line.Subjects and MethodsDissections were performed in 57 cadaver heads (114 sides). In addition, 73 computerised tomography (CT) scans (146 sides) of patients with chronic inflammatory sinonasal disease were analysed using a three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction computer program.ResultsThe "M" line crossed the MSNO in 112 dissected sides (98.2%) and 140 sides at CT 3D reconstruction (95.9%).ConclusionThe "M" line is a reliable anatomical landmark for predicting MSNO location. As such, it could improve and facilitate endoscopic sinus surgery, using traditional, minimally invasive or uncinate preserving techniques.
Randomized controlled trial of 8 weeks’ vs 12 weeks’ interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Terzi C. , Bingul M. , Arslan N. C. , Ozturk E. , Canda A. E. , Isik O. , Yilmazlar T. , Obuz F. , Birkay Gorken I. , Kurt M. , Unlu M. , Ugras N. , Kanat O. , Oztop I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe aim was to compare the pathological complete response (pCR) rate at 8 compared to 12 weeks’ interval between completion of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgery in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.MethodThis was a randomized trial which included a total of 330 patients from two institutions. Patients with locally advanced (T3‐4N0M0, TxN+M0) rectal cancer were randomized into 8‐ and 12‐week interval groups. All the patients received long‐course CRT (45 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions and concomitant oral capecitabine or 5‐fluorouracil infusion). Surgery was performed at either 8 or 12 weeks after CRT. The primary end‐point was pCR. Secondary end‐points were sphincter preservation, postoperative morbidity and mortality.ResultsTwo‐hundred and fifty‐two patients (n = 125 in the 8‐week group, n = 127 in the 12‐week group) were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between groups. The overall pCR rate was 17.9% (n = 45): 12% (n = 15) in the 8‐week group and 23.6% (n = 30) in the 12‐week group (P = 0.021). Sphincter‐preserving surgery was performed in 107 (85.6%) patients which was significantly higher than the 94 (74%) patients in the 12‐week group (P = 0.016). Postoperative mortality was seen in three (1.2%) patients overall and was not different between groups (1.6% in 8 weeks vs 0.8% in 12 weeks, P = 0.494). Groups were similar in anastomotic leak (10.8% in 8 weeks vs 4.5% in 12 weeks, P = 0.088) and morbidity (30.4% in 8 weeks and 20.1% in 12 weeks, P = 0.083).ConclusionExtending the interval between CRT and surgery from 8 to 12 weeks resulted in a 2‐fold increase in pCR rate without any difference in mortality and morbidity.
White sponge nevus: A condition not always clinically suspected
Authors: Bezerra Kelly T. , Leite Taiana C. , Roza Ana Luiza O.C. , Araújo Rubem , Israel Mônica S. , Canedo Nathalie H.S. , Agostini Michelle , Benevenuto de Andrade Bruno Augusto , Romañach Mário J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhite sponge nevus (WSN) is an uncommon benign inherited disorder characterized by white and diffuse painless lesions in oral, esophageal, or genital mucosa. The lesions may develop at birth or later in childhood or adolescence, with careful clinical examination being sufficient for diagnosis in most cases. However, microscopic analysis may be necessary particularly in adults in which other whitish oral lesions may be clinically suspected. Dermatologists, dentists, and pathologists should consider WSN when evaluating multiple white oral lesions, thus preventing unnecessary treatments. Herein, we report four additional cases of WSN with emphasis on its clinical and histopathological features.
Bank profitability and macroeconomic conditions: Are business models different?
Authors: Bonaccorsi di Patti Emilia , Palazzo Francesco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe paper investigates the impact of macroeconomic conditions on the profitability of EU banks by testing for differential effects according to the business model. We group banks into three business models using a hierarchical cluster analysis and find that using clusters based on the share of assets invested in loans reveals heterogeneity in the sensitivity of bank profitability to economic growth across business models. Our main result is that GDP growth, credit growth, and the risk‐free yield curve influence profitability as expected, but we also find that the effect of GDP growth is only significant for banks that have a high and medium share of assets invested in loans, and not for banks that hold large portfolios of securities. This difference depends on the impact of growth on asset write downs, especially those on loans and, to a lesser extent, on revenues. The results suggest that studies relating bank profitability to macroeconomic conditions should take the heterogeneity of business models into account.
Ecosystem functioning in relation to species identity, density, and biomass in two tunneller dung beetles
Authors: Piccini Irene , Caprio Enrico , Palestrini Claudia , Rolando Antonio 
Published: October 2019

1. Species abundance, biomass, and identity are the main factors that influence ecosystem functioning. Previous studies have shown that community attributes and species identity help to maintain natural ecosystem functioning.2. This study examined how species identity, biomass, and abundance in dung pats (i.e. density) of dung beetles affect multiple ecological functions: dung removal, seed dispersal, and germination. Specifically, two species of tunnellers were targeted: Onthophagus illyricus (Scopoli, 1763) and Copris lunaris (Linnaeus, 1758). In accordance with their natural abundance, densities ranging from 10 to 80 individuals were considered for O. illyricus, and those from two to eight were considered for C. lunaris, spanning the total biomass per treatment from 0.22 to 1.76 g.3. Results showed that, even at higher abundance, O. illyricus is not as efficient as C. lunaris. These results show that species identity, biomass, and density are crucial factors for maintaining ecosystem functioning. The combined effect of species identity and density/biomass facilitated dung removal and seed dispersal. Conversely, species identity is the only relevant factor for germination. Moreover, relationships among functions depend on the species investigated: C. lunaris showed a positive correlation between dung removal and seed dispersal, whereas O. illyricus showed a positive correlation between germination and dung removal.4. In conclusion, optimal ecosystem functioning depends on multiple factors, such as density and species identity, and thus also on body size, nesting strategies and ecological functions investigated. Moreover, the loss of larger and efficient species cannot be compensated by higher abundances of small species.
Attitudes of dental practitioners towards antimicrobial therapy in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Coric Anka , Grgic Svjetlana , Kostic Sandra , Vukojevic Katarina , Zovko Ruzica , Radica Natasa , Markotic Filipa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to assess perceptions and attitudes amongst dental practitioners in relation to antibiotic usage and antibiotic resistance.MethodsSelf‐administered questionnaire was given to dental practitioners employed in south Croatia, west Herzegovina and Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (N = 115).Results81.7% of respondents agreed the usage of antimicrobials is frequently uncritical and unnecessary. 83.5% of dental practitioners reported that they have used guidelines in their practice; however, only 9 out of 115 stated valid guidelines. One‐third of the respondents agreed or were undecided that the usage of antimicrobials in every oral inflammatory process treatment is justified. Furthermore, 13% was undecided and 26% agreed that pregnant women and breastfeeding women should not use any antimicrobials. However, three quarters of respondents considered they had satisfactory knowledge on antimicrobials.DiscussionThe respondents considered they had satisfactory knowledge on antimicrobials, which was in contrast to the knowledge shown, but also expressed the need for additional education. Therefore, adequate measures include the creation of the local guidelines, their implementation, and updating the practitioners’ knowledge on antibiotic use and resistance through continuous educational courses.
Non‐target screening of leaf litter‐derived dissolved organic matter using liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF‐MS)
Authors: Brock Olaf , Helmus Rick , Kalbitz Karsten , Jansen Boris 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLeaf litter‐derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important source of organic matter entering the mineral soil, but characterization of leaf litter DOM is often not detailed enough to understand DOM dynamics and processes at the molecular level. (Ultra‐) high‐resolution techniques such as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS), Orbitrap mass spectrometry and quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry have brought a new level of detail to (D)OM research by providing molecular formulae and information on molecular structures. We present a novel approach for leaf litter DOM characterization that includes non‐target screening using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high‐resolution QTOF‐MS. A method validation test showed that out of 26 spiked naturally occurring DOM molecules in a leaf litter DOM sample, 23 were found as features. After implementation of additional filtering to exclude certain combinations of heteroatoms (that are difficult to resolve even by the newest high‐resolution MS instruments), including molecular formulae with P atoms, 22 molecular formulae were correctly assigned. Although a large part of the annotated molecular formulae was unique for the respective litter sources, the molecular compound class distribution was similar for deciduous, coniferous and mixed leaf litter DOM. Most intense masses were detected in the 100–300 Da mass range, showing a bias of QTOF‐MS towards lower masses compared to FT‐ICR‐MS. The use of LC in combination with QTOF‐MS for leaf litter (D)OM characterization provides, together with Orbitrap‐MS, a more widely available and lower cost high‐resolution MS alternative to FT‐ICR‐MS. Novel approach to the characterization and analysis of leaf litter derived DOM. Non‐target screening using LC‐QTOF‐MS and the patRoon R package. Similar molecular compound class distribution for three leaf litter sources. High‐resolution DOM characterization alternative to FT‐ICR‐MS.Highlights
Novel approach to the characterization and analysis of leaf litter‐derived DOM.
Non‐target screening using LC‐QTOF‐MS and the patRoon R package.
Similar molecular compound class distribution for three leaf litter sources.
High‐resolution DOM characterization alternative to FT‐ICR‐MS.
Perimysial microarteriopathy in dermatomyositis with anti‐nuclear matrix protein‐2 antibodies
Authors: Liu Y. , Zheng Y. , Gang Q. , Xie Z. , Jin Y. , Zhang X. , Deng X. , Hao H. , Gao F. , Zhang Z. , Xiong H. , Zhang W. , Wang Z. , Yuan Y. 
Published: October 2019

Background and purposeDermatomyositis (DM) with anti‐nuclear matrix protein‐2 (NXP‐2) antibodies usually shows multifocal ischaemic lesions in muscle. Here, we aimed to investigate the microarteriopathy underlying muscle ischaemia in anti‐NXP‐2‐positive DM.MethodsA total of 16 patients diagnosed with anti‐NXP‐2‐positive DM were investigated by muscle biopsy. A total of 13 patients with DM with other myositis‐specific antibodies and 11 normal controls were included for comparison. Immunofluorescence assays were performed to localize endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and pericytes, and to determine lesions in myofibers and microvessels by vascular endothelial growth factor and myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA). Electron microscopy was carried out to assess ultrastructure alterations.ResultsSubcutaneous edema, severe muscle weakness and dysphagia together with elevated creatine kinase, D‐dimer and triglyceride levels, and decreased albumin levels were found in anti‐NXP‐2‐positive DM. Muscle ischaemia included regional muscle edema, perifascicular atrophy, microinfarcts and focal punched‐out vacuoles. The density of arterioles was higher in anti‐NXP‐2‐positive DM (P ＜ 0.05). Perimysial arterioles with thickened vascular wall, thrombosis and lipid accumulation were found in the vascular wall of diseased perimysial arterioles. The frequency of diseased arterioles and thrombosis was higher in anti‐NXP‐2‐positive DM (P < 0.05). Sarcoplasmic vascular endothelial growth factor and MxA expression was observed in multifocal ischaemic lesions. MxA was present in endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the diseased arterioles and pericytes. Electron microscopy confirmed damaged capillaries and tubuloreticular structures.ConclusionsOur research suggested that perimysial arterioles were most commonly involved in anti‐NXP‐2‐positive DM, which led to muscle ischaemia.
The Legacy, Leadership, and Hope of Pan‐African Women as a Missional Focus for Theological Education
Authors: Walker‐Smith Angelique 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes the experience and self‐understanding of Pan‐African women of faith, who have often been viewed at the margins of church history and in the larger context of this history. This article challenges this marginal location. It argues that through the theological lens of the ecumenical Pilgrimage of Justice and Peace—and under the tenets of via positiva, via negativa, and via transformativa—the historical, present, and future pilgrimage of Pan‐African women of faith and their vision of hope needs to be further examined for a more inclusive embrace and accompaniment of the ecumenical community. Theological education should be a priority in preparing leaders for advancing the agenda of justice and peace. The article concludes by detailing the past, recent, and future work of the Pan‐African Women's Ecumenical Empowerment Network (PAWEEN) and its partners.
Ex vivo culture of mouse skin activates an interleukin 1 alpha‐dependent inflammatory response
Authors: Zhou Hong‐Ming , Slominski Radomir M. , Seymour Leroy J. , Bell Maria C. , Dave Priya , Atumonye Joseph , Wright William , Dawes Avery , Griesenauer Brad , Paczesny Sophie , Kaplan Mark H. , Spandau Dan F , Turner Matthew J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEx vivo culture of mouse and human skin causes an inflammatory response characterized by production of multiple cytokines. We used ex vivo culture of mouse tail skin specimens to investigate mechanisms of this skin culture‐induced inflammatory response. Multiplex assays revealed production of interleukin 1 alpha (IL‐1α), interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), chemokine C‐X‐C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1), granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) during skin culture, and quantitative PCR revealed transcripts for these proteins were also increased. Ex vivo cultures of skin from myeloid differentiation primary response 88 deficient mice (Myd88−/−) demonstrated significantly reduced expression of transcripts for the aforementioned cytokines. The same result was observed with skin from interleukin 1 receptor type 1 deficient mice (Il1r1−/−). These data suggested the IL‐1R1/MyD88 axis is required for the skin culture‐induced inflammatory response and led us to investigate the role of IL‐1α and IL‐1β (the ligands for IL‐1R1) in this process. Addition of IL‐1α neutralizing antibody to skin cultures significantly reduced expression of Cxcl1, Il6 and Csf3. IL‐1β neutralization did not reduce levels of these transcripts. These studies suggest that IL‐1α promotes the skin the culture‐induced inflammatory response.
Bonga shad (Ethmalosa fimbriata) spawning tactics in an upwelling environment
Authors: Baldé Bocar Sabaly , Döring Julian , Ekau Werner , Diouf Malick , Brehmer Patrice 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSuccessful recruitment in small pelagic fish populations inhabiting upwelling zones is subject to variation in fecundity and is driven by spatial and temporal fluctuations in environmental conditions, that is, mainly sea surface temperature, salinity and food availability. These fluctuations in abiotic factors have stimulated small pelagic fish populations to exhibit specifically adapted spawning tactics. To better understand to what extent a short‐lived exploited fish species such as bonga shad Ethmalosa fimbriata has adapted to an upwelling environment, we have investigated the interrelationship between upwelling intensity as a proxy for productivity and population fecundity by means of a virtual population analysis. We found that females of intermediate size contributed significantly more eggs to the population's fecundity than smaller or larger ones. Our model results further indicate that E. fimbriata exhibits a spawning preference at water temperatures of around 25°C and upwelling intensities of around 2.5 m3 s−1 m−1. Hence, we hypothesize that climate change‐driven increases in sea temperatures and modifications of upwelling‐favourable winds could significantly impact the species’ reproductive biology. To understand how climate change might impact fisheries, spawning tactics of small pelagic fishes are important to assess as well as their recruitment success. Such information is particularly relevant in countries where the fishery is critical at socio‐economic level, to better implement fisheries management addressing multiple stressors.
3D printing of cordierite honeycomb structures and evaluation of compressive strength under quasi‐static condition
Authors: Mamatha Sirisala , Biswas Papiya , Das Dibakar , Johnson Roy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCeramic honeycombs exhibit unique mechanical properties based on engineered formulations and geometry of cells. Extrusion of formable paste through a complex honeycomb die is the commonly practiced technique for the manufacturing of honeycombs globally. Extrusion die fabrication is a complex process which necessitates sophisticated infrastructure facilities that provide high geometrical accuracy and finish to produce defect free honeycombs. Furthermore, every configuration of honeycomb requires a specific tool. Additive manufacturing (AM)/ 3D printing is a rapid prototyping technique which offers flexibility in fabrication of honeycombs with desired geometries from a virtual model directly. Further, this does not require complicated dies. In this study, viscoplastic printable cordierite raw mix paste with a shear rate exponent of 0.87 was printed into honeycombs with hexagonal, square, and triangular cells using a ram type 3D printer. The printed honeycomb samples are found to possess good integrity and near net shape after drying. Sintered 3D‐printed honeycomb samples of all configurations have exhibited cordierite as a major phase along with minor phases of magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel, clinoenstatite (MgSiO3), and corundum (Al2O3) with sintered density of 2.41‐2.48 g/cc. The samples are also subjected to compression testing under quasi‐static condition. The study demonstrates 3D printing as a viable and flexible technique for rapid prototyping of honeycombs with desired configurations and engineered properties.