bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion behavior of a 3 % Cr tubing steel in a CO2 saturated high-salinity brine
Authors: Luo Zhihua , Yan Wei , Zhu Peike , Guan Lei , Wang Kongyang , Ye Sutao , Xu Xuerui 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Corrosion behavior of 3 wt.-% Chromium (3Cr) tubing steel in CO2 saturated high-salinity brine was investigated by using an autoclave in the laboratory. The partial pressure of CO2 and the Cl− concentration were fixed at 0.2 MPa and 139552 mg × l−1, respectively. The water cut was varied from 20 to 100 vol.-%, and the temperature was varied from 50 to 110 °C. For comparison, the corrosion behaviors of N80 carbon steel and 13 wt.-% Cr (13Cr) martensitic stainless steel were tested in the same conditions. The surface morphologies and chemical composition of corrosion product layers were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) technologies. The results show that the 3Cr steel's corrosion rate increased as water cut increased, especially when the water cut exceeded 70 vol.-%. Serious general corrosion and local attack occurred on the 3Cr samples in a 0.2 MPa CO2 and 139552 mg × l−1 Cl− corrosion environment. The product layer structure of 3Cr steel in high-salinity brine is demonstrated. When the chloride ion concentration is high enough, the Cr-enriched layer no longer provides sufficient protection against the chloride ion penetration and pitting attacks may occur.
Ultrasound on-line measurement of pulverized coal flow in coal-fired boilers
Authors: Hou Huai-shu , Chen Chao-lei , Zhu Bing-bing , Yan Zhen-rong 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The pulverized coal flow in the two-phase gas-solid is monitored based on the ECAH (Epstein, Carhart, Allegra, Hawley) theoretical model. The relationship between the volumetric concentration of the pulverized coal and the ultrasound attenuation coefficient is analyzed. The flow velocity and concentration of the coal particles is measured using two ultrasonic probes at an angle of 45° to the flow direction. The results show that the aberration of the ultrasonic on-line measurements of the pulverized coal flow is less than 3 % compared to the coal flow set by the experimental boiler test platform. The general feasibility and reliability of the ultrasonic method of the flow measurements is verified.
Comparison of grey wolf, whale, water cycle, ant lion and sine-cosine algorithms for the optimization of a vehicle engine connecting rod
Authors: Yıldız Betül Sultan , Yıldız Ali Rıza 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The product design process has a very important effect on product costs. It aims to develop products that are able to compete by achieving an optimum design in the product design process. This research presents the first application in the literature of the grey wolf, whale, water cycle, ant lion and sine-cosine optimization algorithms for the optimum design of vehicle components. In this study, the optimal structural model of a vehicle connecting rod was determined. In the optimization process, various design alternatives were created by using the latin hypercube method. Stress analysis was performed for each of these designs. According to the generated responses, equations for objective and constraint functions were obtained. The optimization problem was solved using the above mentioned algorithms which have been newly developed in the literature, resulting in optimum connection rod design. The results demonstrate that the grey wolf, whale, water cycle, ant lion and sine-cosine algorithms are very important options in optimizing design and manufacturing optimization problems.
Formation of zirconia precursor nanoplates mediated by ionic liquid and transformation to monoclinic ZrO2 nanostructures
Authors: Tian Pei , Lin Hechun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe [Zr(OH)5]− imidazolium complex was used to synthesize a zirconia precursor with plate-like nanostructue hydrolyzed under strong acid conditions, which was characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma and electronic differential system. The zirconia precursor can be transformed to monoclinic ZrO2 by annealing at a temperature above 400 °C. With the increasing of the curing temperature, it tended to give rise to porous ZrO2 nanostructures.
Effect of processing parameters on the grain refinement of vanadium nitrogen microalloyed steel
Authors: Zhao Baochun , Zhao Tan , Li Guiyan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe effect of processing parameters on the grain refinement of vanadium nitrogen microalloyed steel was investigated by performing hot deformation tests. The interaction between static recrystallization and precipitation was analyzed and the effect of final temperature, cooling rate and holding time on the microstructure of the tested steel is discussed. The results showed that smaller ferrite grains could be obtained with lower temperature or higher cooling rate. It was found that carbonitrides could precipitate at temperatures around 850 °C, which could retard recrystallization. The precipitated particles could inhibit grain growth and promote ferrite nucleation, which leads to ferrite grain refinement. Therefore, fine ferrite grains could be obtained by performing multi-pass compression testing at this specific finishing temperature followed by appropriate holding.
Opinions des étudiants du diplôme d'études spécialisées complémentaires de médecine d'urgence au sujet du nouveau diplôme d'études spécialisées de médecine d'urgence
Authors: Neraal S. , Freund Y. 
Published: February 2018

Introduction : La reconnaissance de la médecine d'urgence en France en tant que spécialité de plein exercice se concrétise par la mise en place de son diplôme d'études spécialisées (DES). Cette formation remplacera et rendra inaccessibles le diplôme d'études spécialisées complémentaires (DESC) de médecine d'urgence et capacité de médecine d'urgence ainsi que tous les autres DESC, et permettra la qualification ordinale comme urgentiste. Nous avons voulu connaître le ressenti des étudiants de l'actuel DESC de médecine d'urgence vis-à-vis de cette évolution.
Méthode : Nous avons interrogé les étudiants en cours de DESC de médecine d'urgence d'Île-de-France en mars 2017. Le critère de jugement principal était la proportion de ces derniers qui auraient fait le choix du DES de médecine d'urgence dès l'examen classant national (ECN) s'ils en avaient eu la possibilité. Secondairement, ils étaient interrogés sur leur souhait de s'inscrire à l'Ordre des médecins comme urgentistes et sur leur accord pour poursuivre le DESC dans l'hypothèse où celui-ci deviendrait qualifiant.
Résultats : Sur 253 étudiants interrogés, 95 réponses ont été reçues. Quarante-et-un pour cent affirment qu'ils auraient choisi le DES de médecine d'urgence dès l'ECN s'il avait été disponible. Trente-huit pour cent souhaitent s'inscrire à l'Ordre des médecins comme urgentistes. Si le DESC de médecine d'urgence devenait qualifiant, 39 % accepteraient de poursuivre cette formation. Le souhait de choisir le DES de médecine d'urgence s'il avait été disponible à l'ECN est fortement associé au souhait de poursuite du DESC s'il devenait qualifiant et à celui de s'inscrire à l'Ordre comme urgentiste.
Discussion : Ces résultats suggèrent que près de trois étudiants sur cinq actuellement en DESC n'auraient pas choisi le DES de médecine d'urgence. Les futurs étudiants du DES de médecine d'urgence auraient ainsi un profil différent des actuels DESC.
Size–Luminosity Relations and UV Luminosity Functions at z = 6–9 Simultaneously Derived from the Complete Hubble Frontier Fields Data
Authors: Kawamata Ryota , Ishigaki Masafumi , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Oguri Masamune , Ouchi Masami , Tanigawa Shingo 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We construct z ∼ 6–7, 8, and 9 faint Lyman break galaxy samples (334, 61, and 37 galaxies, respectively) with accurate size measurements with the software glafic from the complete Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) cluster and parallel fields data. These are the largest samples hitherto and reach down to the faint ends of recently obtained deep luminosity functions. At faint magnitudes, however, these samples are highly incomplete for galaxies with large sizes, implying that derivation of the luminosity function sensitively depends on the intrinsic size–luminosity relation. We thus conduct simultaneous maximum-likelihood estimation of luminosity function and size–luminosity relation parameters from the observed distribution of galaxies on the size–luminosity plane with the help of a completeness map as a function of size and luminosity. At z ∼ 6–7, we find that the intrinsic size–luminosity relation expressed as r
e ∝ L

β
has a notably steeper slope of

than those at lower redshifts, which in turn implies that the luminosity function has a relatively shallow faint-end slope of

. This steep β can be reproduced by a simple analytical model in which smaller galaxies have lower specific angular momenta. The β and α values for the z ∼ 8 and 9 samples are consistent with those for z ∼ 6–7 but with larger errors. For all three samples, there is a large, positive covariance between β and α, implying that the simultaneous determination of these two parameters is important. We also provide new strong lens mass models of Abell S1063 and Abell 370, as well as updated mass models of Abell 2744 and MACS J0416.1−2403.
Alternative Explanations for Extreme Supersolar Iron Abundances Inferred from the Energy Spectrum of Cygnus X-1
Authors: Tomsick John A. , Parker Michael L. , García Javier A. , Yamaoka Kazutaka , Barret Didier , Chiu Jeng-Lun , Clavel Maïca , Fabian Andrew , Fürst Felix , Gandhi Poshak , Grinberg Victoria , Miller Jon M. , Pottschmidt Katja , Walton Dominic J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Here we study a 1–200 keV energy spectrum of the black hole binary Cygnus X-1 taken with NuSTAR and Suzaku. This is the first report of a NuSTAR observation of Cyg X-1 in the intermediate state, and the observation was taken during the part of the binary orbit where absorption due to the companion’s stellar wind is minimal. The spectrum includes a multi-temperature thermal disk component, a cutoff power-law component, and relativistic and nonrelativistic reflection components. Our initial fits with publicly available constant density reflection models (relxill and reflionx) lead to extremely high iron abundances (>9.96 and

times solar, respectively). Although supersolar iron abundances have been reported previously for Cyg X-1, our measurements are much higher and such variability is almost certainly unphysical. Using a new version of reflionx that we modified to make the electron density a free parameter, we obtain better fits to the spectrum even with solar iron abundances. We report on how the higher density (

cm−3) impacts other parameters such as the inner radius and inclination of the disk.
Precision Orbit of δ Delphini and Prospects for Astrometric Detection of Exoplanets
Authors: Gardner Tyler , Monnier John D. , Fekel Francis C. , Williamson Mike , Duncan Douglas K. , White Timothy R. , Ireland Michael , Adams Fred C. , Barman Travis , Baron Fabien , Brummelaar Theo ten , Che Xiao , Huber Daniel , Kraus Stefan , Roettenbacher Rachael M. , Schaefer Gail , Sturmann Judit , Sturmann Laszlo , Swihart Samuel J. , Zhao Ming 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Combining visual and spectroscopic orbits of binary stars leads to a determination of the full 3D orbit, individual masses, and distance to the system. We present a full analysis of the evolved binary system δ Delphini using astrometric data from the MIRC and PAVO instruments on the CHARA long-baseline interferometer, 97 new spectra from the Fairborn Observatory, and 87 unpublished spectra from the Lick Observatory. We determine the full set of orbital elements for δ Del, along with masses of 1.78 ± 0.07 M
⊙ and 1.62 ± 0.07 M
⊙ for each component, and a distance of 63.61 ± 0.89 pc. These results are important in two contexts: for testing stellar evolution models and for defining the detection capabilities for future planet searches. We find that the evolutionary state of this system is puzzling, as our measured flux ratios, radii, and masses imply a ∼200 Myr age difference between the components, using standard stellar evolution models. Possible explanations for this age discrepancy include mass transfer scenarios with a now-ejected tertiary companion. For individual measurements taken over a span of two years, we achieve <10 μas precision on the differential position with 10 minute observations. The high precision of our astrometric orbit suggests that exoplanet detection capabilities are within reach of MIRC at CHARA. We compute exoplanet detection limits around δ Del and conclude that, if this precision is extended to wider systems, we should be able to detect most exoplanets >2 M

J
on orbits >0.75 au around individual components of hot binary stars via differential astrometry.
Adapting Feedback to Individual Residents: An Examination of Preceptor Challenges and Approaches
Authors: Roze des Ordons Amanda , Cheng Adam , Gaudet Jonathan , Downar James , Lockyer Jocelyn 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Feedback conversations between preceptors and residents usually occur in closed settings. Little is known about how preceptors address the challenges posed by residents with different skill sets, performance levels, and personal contexts.

Objective
This study explored the challenges that preceptors experienced and approaches taken in adapting feedback conversations to individual residents.

Methods
In 2015, 18 preceptors participated in feedback simulations portraying residents with variations in skill, insight, confidence, and distress, followed by debriefing of the feedback conversation with a facilitator. These interactions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic and framework analysis.

Results
The preceptors encountered common challenges with feedback conversations, including uncertainty in how to individualize feedback to residents and how to navigate tensions between resident- and preceptor-identified goals. Preceptors questioned their ability to enhance skills for highly performing residents, whether they could be directive when residents had insight gaps, how they could reframe the perceptions of the overly confident resident, and whether they should offer support to emotionally distressed residents or provide feedback about performance. Preceptors adapted their approach to feedback, drawing on techniques of coaching for highly performing residents, directing for residents with insight gaps, mediation with overly confident residents, and mentoring with emotionally distressed residents.

Conclusions
Examining the feedback challenges preceptors encounter and the approaches taken to adapt feedback to individual residents can provide insight into how preceptors meet the challenges of competency-based medical education, in which frequent, focused feedback is essential for residents to achieve educational milestones and entrustable professional activity expectations.
CENA E SUBVERSÃO NO CARNAVAL: O MARACATU RURAL E A RECENTE PRESENÇA FEMININA NESSA EXPRESSÃO ARTÍSTICA.
Authors: Maritan Monique Luca 
Published: February 2018

ResumoO presente artigo busca analisar os elementos que compõem a expressão artística popular do Maracatu Rural, majoritariamente presente no município de Nazaré da Mata – Pernambuco, tendo como principal ponto de análise o Coração Nazareno, grupo exclusivamente feminino. Além de constatar o caráter singular contido na presença feminina em uma manifestação tipicamente masculina, a investigação vem revelando que há uma grande carga de elementos cênicos nessa livre expressão popular, que lança mão, além de recursos teatrais básicos (personagens/ figuras, figurinos, máscaras, música e dança, entre outros), dos elementos conceituais que abarcam a ideia de performance, configurando assim uma expressão tradicional popular e carnavalesca que utiliza-se de um corpo cênico no momento do encontro com o público. Palavras-chave: Maracatu Rural; Cultura Popular; Carnaval; Feminismo.
Muse Headband: Potential Communication Tool for Locked-in People
Authors: Tian Kaihao 
Published: February 2018

As an affordable brain wave sensing device, Muse Headband has a strong potential use of being a basic communication tool for people with locked-in syndrome. With the assistance of other external devices, such as EEG and computers, it is possible to create an affordable device that displays these patients’ emotions with simple and comprehensible images or graphs so that they can be understood by those who take care of them. My paper introduces Unlock, an in-progress design project based on Muse Headband. The whole program is designed as an approach to help the communication of locked-in people, and consists of both hardware and software.
La relation entre les problèmes de comportement et le surplus de poids chez des enfants québécois d’âge préscolaire : une étude transversale
Authors: Leblanc Nancy , Drapeau Vicky 
Published: February 2018

Cette étude transversale examine la relation entre les problèmes de comportement intériorisés et extériorisés et le surplus de poids chez des enfants québécois âgés de 3 à 5 ans. En tout, 330 parents ont rempli la version canadienne-française de la Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5. Les enfants ont été classés dans la catégorie poids normal (3e au 85e centile) ou surplus de poids (> 85e centile). Les filles ayant un poids normal présentent des scores significativement plus élevés que les filles ayant un surplus de poids quant aux comportements intériorisés totaux ainsi qu’aux sous-échelles anxiété/dépression et retrait social. Pour les comportements extériorisés, aucune différence significative n’est observée parmi les enfants. Des études longitudinales sur la relation entre les problèmes comportementaux et le surplus de poids en bas âge sont nécessaires, afin de mieux documenter l’émergence et la direction de cette relation ainsi que les mécanismes impliqués.
Mecanismos institucionais de participação social e barreiras estruturais: o caso do Equador
Authors: Ribeiro Agatha Justen Gonçalves , Gurgel Claudio Roberto Marques 
Published: February 2018

<p class="CorpoA">A América Latina conta hoje com países onde se busca transformações pelo empoderamento do cidadão por via constitucional e institucional. O Equador é um exemplo disso pelo que anuncia como uma <em>revolución ciudadana</em>. Seu processo chama atenção pela série de mecanismos de participação social construídos, a partir da Constituição de 2008. O objetivo deste trabalho é expor a proposta revolucionária em curso no Equador e examiná-la em face do modo de produção capitalista que subsiste nesse país. Indagamos o que se pode ter como expectativa e como avanços nessa experiência. Para isto, mobilizamos a bibliografia sobre o Equador recente e os documentos constitucionais e institucionais que definem o processo, além dos sites que integram os mecanismos de participação e controle social adotados. </p>
A educação paraguaia: quatro marcos históricos decisivos
Authors: Roesler Patricia Simone 
Published: February 2018

<p>O propósito deste artigo é registrar a trajetória da educação do Paraguai destacando seus principais marcos históricos, assim organizado em quatro partes, a saber. Na primeira, tecemos considerações sobre a educação no período colonial, entendido como uma das primeiras iniciativas educacionais estabelecidas no país. Na segunda, apresentamos ponderações acerca da realidade educacional da nação mediante o advento da república em 1811, que estabelece o período independente, até a guerra do Paraguai iniciada em 1864. Na terceira, registramos o processo de reconstrução nacional e as iniciativas estabelecidas para a materialização das escolas públicas e privadas no contexto do pós-guerra do Paraguai. Para finalizar, abordamos o processo de democratização que culmina, no setor educacional, com a reforma de 1994, que por sua vez, materializou-se na Lei 12.64/98, assim, organizando os princípios meios e fins da educação nacional. A elaboração do trabalho está fundamentada em fontes primárias, constituídas pelos documentos legais característicos dos momentos indicados e nas fontes secundárias representadas pelas bibliografias já produzidas sobre a história da educação paraguaia. </p>
O Brasil, a Venezuela e os movimentos sociais no contexto da América Latina e do Império
Authors: Camargo Paola Claudia Carolina Estrada , Stédile João Pedro , Giordani Jorde 
Published: February 2018

Na seção Entrevista sob o título O Brasil, a Venezuela e os movimentos sociais no contexto da América Latina e do império, reunimos três entrevistas. Uma, feita com Paola Claudia Carolina Estrada Camargo, intitulada: O Brasil no contexto das mudanças na América Latina e no império, outra, com Jorge Giordani, que trata da Venezuela, com o título: A Venezuela e desafios do tempo presente, ambas semiestruturadas por Paulino José Orso e uma terceira, com João Pedro Stedile, primeiramente elaborada para o livro PENSAR, das editoras SUDESTADA (Argentina)/La FOGATA (México)/ EL PERO Y LA RANA (Venezuela), cedida pelo autor, para publicar no Brasil, pela Revista Germinal, em que faz uma Análise da situação política e dos movimentos populares da América Latina. As mesmas analisam os ataques impetrados pelo imperialismo sobre a América Latina, em especial, sobre a Venezuela e o Brasil, ricos em riquezas naturais, minerais e petrolíferos, centrais do ponto de vista do projeto político e geoestratégico de dominação estadunidenses para o século XXI, bem como, analisam os impactos desses ataques sobre os movimentos sociais populares.
Local Infrasound Variability Related to In Situ Atmospheric Observation
Authors: Kim Keehoon , Rodgers Arthur , Seastrand Douglas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLocal infrasound is widely used to constrain source parameters of near‐surface events (e.g., chemical explosions and volcanic eruptions). While atmospheric conditions are critical to infrasound propagation and source parameter inversion, local atmospheric variability is often ignored by assuming homogeneous atmospheres, and their impact on the source inversion uncertainty has never been accounted for due to the lack of quantitative understanding of infrasound variability. We investigate atmospheric impacts on local infrasound propagation by repeated explosion experiments with a dense acoustic network and in situ atmospheric measurement. We perform full 3‐D waveform simulations with local atmospheric data and numerical weather forecast model to quantify atmosphere‐dependent infrasound variability and address the advantage and restriction of local weather data/numerical weather model for sound propagation simulation. Numerical simulations with stochastic atmosphere models also showed nonnegligible influence of atmospheric heterogeneity on infrasound amplitude, suggesting an important role of local turbulence.
Thermally Carbonized Porous Silicon and Its Recent Applications
Authors: Salonen Jarno , Mäkilä Ermei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecent progress in research on thermally carbonized porous silicon (TCPSi) and its applications is reported. Despite a slow start, thermal carbonization has now started to gain interest mainly due to new emerging areas for applications. These new areas, such as optical sensing, drug delivery, and energy storage, require stable surface chemistry and physical properties. TCPSi is known to have all of these desired properties. Herein, the above‐listed properties of TCPSi are summarized, and the carbonization processes, functionalization, and characterization of TCPSi are reviewed. Moreover, some of the emerging fields of TCPSi applications are discussed and recent advances in the fields are introduced.