bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Robustness of Asteroseismic Estimates of Global Stellar Parameters to Surface Term Corrections
Authors: Basu Sarbani , Kinnane Archer 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Oscillation frequencies of even the best stellar models differ from those of the stars they represent, and the difference is predominantly a function of frequency. This difference is caused by limitations of modeling the near-surface layers of a star. This frequency-dependent frequency error, usually referred to as the “surface term” can result in erroneous interpretation of the oscillation frequencies unless treated properly. Several techniques have been developed to minimize the effect of the surface term; it is either subtracted out, or frequency combinations insensitive to the surface terms are used, or the asteroseismic phase ϵ is used to determine a match between models and stars. In this paper we show that no matter what technique is used to account for the surface term, as long as the physics of the models is the same, the global parameters of a star—mass, radius, and age—obtained from frequency analyses are robust. This implies that even though we cannot model the internal structure of stars perfectly, we can have confidence in all results that use stellar global properties obtained through the analysis of stellar oscillation frequencies.
Magnetic Helicity from Multipolar Regions on the Solar Surface
Authors: Bourdin Philippe-A. , Brandenburg Axel 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The emergence of dipolar magnetic features on the solar surface is an idealization. Most of the magnetic flux emergence occurs in complex multipolar regions. Here, we show that the surface pattern of magnetic structures alone can reveal the sign of the underlying magnetic helicity in the nearly force-free coronal regions above. The sign of the magnetic helicity can be predicted to good accuracy by considering the three-dimensional position vectors of three spots on the sphere ordered by their relative strengths at the surface and compute from them the skew product. This product, which is a pseudoscalar, is shown to be a good proxy for the sign of the coronal magnetic helicity.
The Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census (LEGA-C) Data Release 2: Dynamical and Stellar Population Properties of z ≲ 1 Galaxies in the COSMOS Field
Authors: Straatman Caroline M. S. , Wel Arjen van der , Bezanson Rachel , Pacifici Camilla , Gallazzi Anna , Wu Po-Feng , Noeske Kai , Barišić Ivana , Bell Eric F. , Brammer Gabriel B. , Calhau João , Chauke Priscilla , Franx Marijn , Houdt Josha van , Labbé Ivo , Maseda Michael V. , Muñoz-Mateos Juan C. , Muzzin Adam , Sande Jesse van de , Sobral David , Spilker Justin S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present the second data release of the Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census (LEGA-C), an ESO 130−night public spectroscopic survey conducted with VIMOS on the Very Large Telescope. We release 1988 spectra with typical continuum S/N ≃ 20 Å−1 of galaxies at 0.6 ≲ z ≲ 1.0, each observed for ∼20 hr and fully reduced with a custom-built pipeline. We also release a catalog with spectroscopic redshifts, emission-line fluxes, Lick/IDS indices, and observed stellar and gas velocity dispersions that are spatially integrated quantities, including both rotational motions and genuine dispersion. To illustrate the new parameter space in the intermediate-redshift regime probed by LEGA-C, we explore relationships between dynamical and stellar population properties. The star-forming galaxies typically have observed stellar velocity dispersions of ∼150 km s−1 and strong Hδ absorption (Hδ
A ∼ 5 Å), while passive galaxies have higher observed stellar velocity dispersions (∼200 km s−1) and weak Hδ absorption (Hδ
A ∼ 0 Å). Strong [O III]5007/Hβ ratios tend to occur mostly for galaxies with weak Hδ
A or galaxies with higher observed velocity dispersion. Beyond these broad trends, we find a diversity of possible combinations of rest-frame colors, absorption-line strengths, and emission-line detections, illustrating the utility of spectroscopic measurements to more accurately understand galaxy evolution. By making the spectra and value-added catalogs publicly available we encourage the community to take advantage of this very substantial investment in telescope time provided by ESO.
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey: Advancing the Military Dimension of the Trilateral Partnership
Authors: Garibov Azad 
Published: December 2018

Le développement et la consolidation de la coopération énergétique entre l’Azerbaïdjan, la Géorgie et la Turquie (AGT) au cours des années 1990 et 2000 ont marqué le début d’une coopération trilatérale qui, depuis lors, s’est transformée en un partenariat stratégique dans divers domaines entre les trois pays. Le partenariat trilatéral a commencé s’institutionnaliser au début des années 2010 sous la forme de réunions annuelles des dirigeants et des ministres des Affaires étrangères des pays participants. Si, au départ, la coopération était principalement axée sur la préparation militaire pour protéger l’infrastructure de transport d’énergie dans les cas d’urgence, elle s’est progressivement élargie à d’autres domaines. Le document examine les éléments clés de la raison d’être du partenariat de défense trilatéral Azerbaïdjan-Géorgie-Turquie, les obstacles existants et les opportunités qui s’offrent à l’avenir. Il propose d’autres mesures envisageables visant à tirer parti des possibilités offertes par le partenariat trilatéral.
Uzbekistan’s Transformation from an “Old” to an “Upgraded” Autocracy
Authors: Schiek Sebastian 
Published: December 2018

Depuis l’entrée en fonction de Shavkat Mirziyoyev à l’automne 2016, l’Ouzbékistan est sans aucun doute entré dans une phase de profond changement. Pour les observateurs occidentaux en particulier, de nombreux éléments de la réforme sont susceptibles de s’inscrire dans un processus de démocratisation: réforme du marché, réforme rationnelle et juridique, responsabilisation, et participation. Toutefois, l’auteur fait valoir que ces politiques appartiennent également à la boîte à outils très ordinaire des « authoritarian upgraders. » L’expression « authoritarian upgrading » désignant un processus de modernisation ou de transformation par lequel des régimes autocratiques s’adaptent à la mondialisation. Dans cet article, on analyse les orientations, les limites et les enjeux du processus de réforme en Ouzbékistan.
La question irlandaise, enjeu majeur du Brexit
Authors: Considère-Charon Marie-Claire 
Published: December 2018

Le Royaume-Uni n’a qu’une seule frontière terrestre : celle qui le sépare de la République d’Irlande. L’intégration de ces deux États dans l’Union européenne a rendu cette frontière quasiment virtuelle. Les échanges entre l’Ulster et la République d’Irlande sont nombreux et variés. Le rétablissement d’une séparation physique entre ces deux entités est un véritable casse-tête qui risque d’avoir nombre de conséquences négatives. À ce stade, la « question irlandaise » est encore loin d’être réglée.
Peut-il y avoir une démocratie européenne ?
Authors: Bechtel Marie-Françoise 
Published: December 2018

Le déficit démocratique de l’Union européenne dénonce un double manque : celui d’une réelle séparation des pouvoirs et celui d’un peuple européen. Un renforcement des pouvoirs du Conseil des ministres pourrait favoriser une « démocratie au second degré ». Le véritable changement serait d’aller vers une Europe confédérale. Mais le choix de cette option serait inséparable du refus de la subordination européenne : un choix partagé par peu d’États membres, indépendamment de la volonté des peuples.
Health Literacy and Knowledge of Chronic Diseases in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Abha , Singh Suman Bahadur , Khanal Vijay Kumar , Bhattarai Sailesh , Maskey Robin , Pokharel Paras Kumar 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Understanding of risk factors and developing healthy lifestyles is a way of tackling the surging burden of chronic diseases in low-to-middle income countries such as Nepal. Health literacy (HL) has a pivotal role in prevention, adherence to treatment, self-care, and better use of health care; therefore, factors associated with HL need to be studied in the context of Nepal.

Objective:
This study was conducted to assess the level of HL and explore disease-specific knowledge among patients with chronic diseases.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 426 respondents with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from a tertiary care hospital and primary care clinics using face-to-face interviews. HL was measured using a translated and pretested HL questionnaire (the Europe-Asia Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire). Disease-related knowledge was assessed using a validated questionnaire.

Key Results:

The study found that 27% of the respondents had sufficient HL, 19% had marginal HL, and 54% had inadequate HL. Factors associated with inadequate HL included being older and female, and having lower or no education, unemployment or retired status, poverty, and having a history of smoking or a history of consuming alcohol. HL was a strong predictor of knowledge regarding hypertension (β = 0.32;
p
< .05), diabetes mellitus (β = 0.41;
p
< .05), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (β = 0.37;
p
< .05) in multiple regression analyses after adjusting for age, gender, education, marriage, family history of disease, attendance at follow-up clinics at recommended intervals, information received regarding disease at clinics, smoking, and alcohol intake.

Conclusions:

A sufficient level of HL was uncommon among participants in our study. People with sufficient HL knew significantly more about their diseases or conditions than those with inadequate HL.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2018;2(4):e221–e230.]

Plain Language Summary:
Very little is known about health literacy in Nepal. We conducted a study to learn how much people in Nepal with hypertension, diabetes, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease knew about their condition and sought to check its association with health literacy. We found that more than one-half of the participants did not have adequate health literacy levels. Participants who were older, female, uneducated, retired from work, or poor had lower levels of health literacy. We also found that those with high levels of health literacy had better knowledge of their disease. Therefore, we recommend that in Nepal health literacy should be measured for each patient and support regarding management of his or her condition should be provided if necessary.
Documentation errors in paediatric drug charts: an Audit
Authors: Kankananarachchi I. , Egodage U. K. , Dharmasiri K. , Jayathilake E. , Shanika G. , Devasiri V. 
Published: December 2018

INTRODUCTION:Documentation errors leading to medication errors pose a health risk to hospitalised patents. Maintenance of the drug chart in hospitalized patients is done by nursing staff in Sri Lanka. This audit was carried out in a paediatric unit to assess documentation errors and nature of risk to patients. METHOD:Drug charts of 236 Bed Head Tickets (BHT) were analyzed over a period of one month in a single paediatric unit. Parameters of concern were generic and propriety names of drugs, spelling mistakes, abbreviations and legibility of handwriting. RESULTS:Total of 882 drugs were written in 236 BHTs. The mean number of drugs per one BHT was 3.7. At least one error was observed in 473 (53.6%) names of drugs. 25% (225) of drug documentations had spelling mistakes. In majority of cases with spelling mistakes, there was an error in one letter (88.8%). Abbreviations, propriety names and illeg­ible hand writing were written in 134 (15.1%), 104 (11.7%) and 18 (2%) occasions respectively. Paracetamol was the most commonly documented drug and 30% of the time it was written in abbreviations. Most frequent spelling mistakes were seen in Clarithromycin (95%) and Amoxicillin (74%). Usage of trade name was commonly seen when writing Chlorpheniramine (26.5%). The least number of spelling mistakes were seen in salbutamol (3%). CONCLUSION:There was no standard practice of maintaining drug charts in hospitalized patients and it may pose a significant health risk. Authors would like to suggest doctors to take the responsibility of the maintenance of drug charts in order to minimize this high prevalence of documentation errors.
The Noncoding RNA nc886 Regulates PKR Signaling and Cytokine Production in Human Cells
Authors: Golec Ewelina , Lind Liza , Qayyum Munazza , Blom Anna M. , King Ben C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProtein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) is a cytoplasmic receptor for dsRNA, and as such is involved in detection of viral infection. On binding dsRNA, PKR dimerizes, autophosphorylates, and then phosphorylates its substrate, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α (eIF2α), causing inhibition of mRNA translation and shutdown of viral protein production. However, active PKR has also been found to be involved in the NF-κB signaling pathway by inducing phosphorylation of IκBα. PKR is regulated by the noncoding RNA nc886, which has altered expression in cancer. We have found that expression of nc886 is highly upregulated during activation of human CD4+ T cells. As has been described in other cell types, nc886 bound to PKR in human T cell lysates, preventing PKR phosphorylation by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid or HIV trans-activation response element RNA in lysates of T cell lines or primary human CD4+ T cells. Using clonal human T cell lines, we found that nc886 expression was strictly required for IFN-γ and IL-2 expression and secretion after T cell activation but did not affect proliferation or activation-induced cell death. In stimulated human PBMCs, nc886 expression strongly correlated with IFN-γ expression. Although nc886 inhibited PKR activation by dsRNA, it was required for PKR phosphorylation during T cell stimulation, with subsequent NF-κB signaling and CREB phosphorylation. nc886 also regulated PKR phosphorylation during human monocyte-derived macrophage activation. We have therefore identified nc886 as a noncoding RNA marker of T cell activation and regulator of PKR-dependent signaling.
Siglec-1 Macrophages and the Contribution of IFN to the Development of Autoimmune Congenital Heart Block
Authors: Clancy Robert M. , Halushka Marc , Rasmussen Sara E. , Lhakhang Tenzin , Chang Miao , Buyon Jill P. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Given that diseases associated with anti-SSA/Ro autoantibodies, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren syndrome, are linked with an upregulation of IFN and type I IFN–stimulated genes, including sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectin 1 (Siglec-1), a receptor on monocytes/macrophages, recent attention has focused on a potential role for IFN and IFN-stimulated genes in the pathogenesis of congenital heart block (CHB). Accordingly, three approaches were leveraged to address the association of IFN, IFN-stimulated genes, and the phenotype of macrophages in affected fetal cardiac tissue: 1) cultured healthy human macrophages transfected with hY3, an anti-SSA/Ro–associated ssRNA, 2) RNA isolated from freshly sorted human leukocytes/macrophages after Langendorff perfusion of three fetal hearts dying with CHB and three healthy gestational age-matched hearts, and 3) autopsy tissue from three additional human CHB hearts and one healthy heart. TLR ligation of macrophages with hY3 led to the upregulation of a panel of IFN transcripts, including SIGLEC1, a result corroborated using quantitative PCR. Using independent and agnostic bioinformatics approaches, CD45+CD11c+ and CD45+CD11c− human leukocytes flow sorted from the CHB hearts highly expressed type I IFN response genes inclusive of SIGLEC1. Furthermore, Siglec-1 expression was identified in the septal region of several affected fetal hearts. These data now provide a link between IFN, IFN-stimulated genes, and the inflammatory and possibly fibrosing components of CHB, positioning Siglec-1–positive macrophages as integral to the process.
Emergency Preparedness of Secondary School Athletic Programs in Arizona
Authors: McLeod Tamara C. Valovich , Cardenas Javier F. 
Published: December 2018

Context
Schools that sponsor athletic programs have an obligation to provide a safe environment with appropriate policies for addressing emergencies.

Objective
To describe the emergency preparedness of secondary schools in Arizona specific to emergency action plans (EAPs), cardiac arrest, concussion, and heat illness.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants
Athletic directors from 143 Arizona secondary schools (response rate = 54%).

Intervention(s)
A 6-section survey that included questions related to athletic trainer (AT) access, EAPs, automated external defibrillators (AEDs), concussion, heat illness, and other policies.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Descriptive statistics were reported. Comparisons of responses between schools with and without AT access were conducted with Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results
Most respondents (81%, n = 116) indicated their school had access to an AT, and 95% (n = 125) of respondents reported their school had a written EAP. The AEDs were available at most (93%, n = 121) schools. All respondents were familiar with the interscholastic concussion policy, and 98% (n = 123) indicated they had a school-specific policy. Almost all respondents (99%, n = 121) reported being familiar with the state heat-illness policy. Environmental measures were taken before practices at 48% (n = 60) of schools. Schools with access to an AT were more likely to have an EAP, venue-specific EAPs, physician approval of EAPs, AEDs, heat-illness policies, and cold-water immersion tubs and to take environmental measures.

Conclusions
Whereas the majority of schools reported AT access, not all schools had adequate EAPs in place. Schools would benefit from educational opportunities regarding best practices and policy development to improve emergency preparedness.
A SINGLE REAGENT FIELD TEST FOR QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SOLUTIONS
Authors: Conklin Dwight B. 
Published: December 2018

A test method is described for the verification of proper use concentrations of solutions of straight quaternary ammonium rinses or formulated detergent-quaternary preparations. The simple test kit and direct procedure afford an economical and easily used test method for the sanitarian and the food and beverage worker. The estimation of the quaternary concentration is accomplished by the reaction of the quaternary with a definite amount of bromphenol blue accurately buffered on the acid side. The blue color of the dye-quaternary complex is dominant if 200 ppm. or more of quaternary is present in the solution. If less than 200 ppm. quaternary is present various shades of green are produced by the partial conversion of the dye to its blue complex plus the acidified yellow excess. The test reagent may be used with many proprietary preparations after the dye demand of the specific quaternary at the recommended use concentration is established.
The test described is simpler than related methods in eliminating use of an organic solvent and in its wide adaptability to service conditions. It is simple and accurate and economical enough to encourage greater use of controlled solutions.
NEED FOR SANITARY STANDARDS IN THE BAKING INDUSTRY*
Authors: Holmes E. L. 
Published: December 2018

It is pointed out that there are three divergent viewpoints in food industry sanitation today. First that of the “Regulatory” official who simply points what is wrong and requires industry to develop the answer. Second, that of the educational or public health official who approaches the problems abstractly, hoping by education alone to inspire industry to do the things that the Regulatory official tries to force him into without education; and third, that of the complacent element in the food industry that regards sanitation as only being required when it is called to their attention.
It is further pointed out that there is a definite need for concerted effort on the part of professional sanitarians whether engaged in Regulatory work, public health work, or industrial counseling, to get together and bring these viewpoints to a common ground for the betterment of both food industry and cause of better sanitation in the interest of the consuming public.
ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING ABBOTTS QUALITY MILK CONTROL PROGRAM*
Authors: Miller Alan B. 
Published: December 2018

Observations on work of eight fieldmen maintaining a milk supply for fluid use.
Essential factors are (a) proper herd management with respect to health, housing, sanitation and milking practices, (b) proper equipment adequately cleansed after each use; and (c) proper storage of milk on the farm.
Records must be kept by fieldmen showing details of bacteria, sediment, flavor, and odor checks for each patron on the supply. Microscope and smear from incubated samples recommended for rapid determination of type and extent of contamination.
Fieldman must be intelligent, energetic, and respected by producers.
SIGNIFICANT ABNORMALITIES IN THE VIOLET RED BILE TECHNIQUE FOR COLIFORMS IN MILK*
Authors: Morris R. L. , Cerny Josephine 
Published: December 2018

Criteria for recognition of inaccurate quantitative coliform counts are described. Under abnormal conditions of visual dye coloration, and/or appearance of minute speck-like colonies dispersed throughout the media, it is possible to demonstrate the presence of coliform colonies in the violet red bile agar without evidence of any typical colonies on the original plate.
It is recommended that plates under suspicion be confirmed by inoculating suspicious sections of agar into lactose and brilliant green bile broth or subjected to the completed test.
FARM BULK MILK HANDLING*
Authors: March R. P. 
Published: December 2018

This article is based largely on a paper presented by the author to the Orange County, New York, milk sanitarians and guest farmers. The purpose of the talk was to give a general picture of the bulk handling situation with emphasis on facts of interest to New York State producers.
The economic aspects as they affect the hauler, dealer and producers are briefly reviewed. Producers are informed and advised concerning some of the engineering aspects of bulk cooling. The effect on milk quality is discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of bulk tanks for the farmer are summarized.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTICS IN MILK1
Authors: Johns C. K. , Berzins I. 
Published: December 2018

A so-called “2 hour” test for the detection of penicillin in milk showed no advantage over the regular disc assay procedure. Sensitivity of the latter test was increased by (1) reducing to 4 ml. the volume of seeded agar per plate, (2) refrigerating “planted” plates for 2–6 hours, (3) avoiding overnight incubation at 37°C, and (4) using the larger (0.5 in.) paper discs.
Dornbush's disc assay procedure using B. cereus for detecting aureomycin was. also found to be less sensitive than claimed. Zones of inhibition were less sharply defined than with penicillin. A spore suspension was successfully substituted for a broth culture here.
The methylene blue reduction type of test showed good sensitivity in detecting aureomycin. B. cereus was more sensitive than B mesentericus, and broth cultures more than spore suspensions.
TESTING THE PERFORMANCE OF MILK LABORATORIES BY MEANS OF LIQUID SPLIT-SAMPLES1
Authors: Thompson D. I. , Koepp Elaine 
Published: December 2018

In recent years state laboratory agencies have shown greater interest in the accuracy of results of laboratories performing official quality tests of milk. Visits to laboratories for purposes of evaluation may be supplemented by use of split-samples shipped from the central laboratory twice each year. The details of a method for shipping liquid split-samples are described.
Liquid split-samples may be examined by procedures such as standard plate count, coliform plate count and the phosphatase test. A thermal sensitive organism proved to be useful in detecting laboratories using excessive incubation temperatures.