bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The flower flies and the unknown diversity of Drosophilidae (Diptera): a biodiversity inventory in the Brazilian fauna
Authors: Schmitz Hermes J. , Valente Vera L. S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDiptera is a megadiverse order, reaching its peak of diversity in Neotropics, although our knowledge of dipteran fauna of this region is grossly deficient. This applies even for the most studied families, as Drosophilidae. Despite its position of evidence, most aspects of the biology of these insects are still poorly understood, especially those linked to natural communities. Field studies on drosophilids are highly biased to fruit-breeders species. Flower-breeding drosophilids, however, are worldwide distributed, especially in tropical regions, although being mostly neglected. The present paper shows results of a biodiversity inventory of flower-breeding drosophilids carried out in several localities in Brazil, based on samples of 125 plant species, from 47 families. Drosophilids were found in flowers of 56 plant species, from 18 families. The fauna discovered showed to be highly unknown, comprising 28 species, 12 of them (>40%) still undescribed. Not taking in account opportunist species, two thirds of the diversity exclusive from flowers were undescribed. TheDrosophila bromeliaespecies group was the most representative taxon, with eight species (six undescribed), including four polyphagous and fourSolanum-specialised species. This specialisation onSolanumis reported for the first time forDrosophila. Other taxa of restrict flower-breeding drosophilids were theDrosophila lutziispecies group and the genusZygothrica. Some specimens of the generaCladochaeta, RhinoleucophengaandScaptomyzawere found, but their relations to flowers are unclear. Additionally, ten species of ample niche was found using flowers opportunistically. Localities and host plants are recorded for all species collected.
High-throughput single-cell transcriptome profiling of plant cell types
Authors: Shulse Christine N. , Cole Benjamin J. , Turco Gina M. , Zhu Yiwen , Brady Siobhan M. , Dickel Diane E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSingle-cell transcriptome analysis of heterogeneous tissues can provide high-resolution windows into the genomic basis and spatiotemporal dynamics of developmental processes. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing of plant tissue using the Drop-seq approach. Profiling of >4,000 individual cells from theArabidopsisroot provides transcriptomes and marker genes for a diversity of cell types and illuminates the gene expression changes that occur across endodermis development.
Functional Interpretation of Single-Cell Similarity Maps
Authors: DeTomaso David , Jones Matthew , Subramaniam Meena , Ashuach Tal , Ye Chun J. , Yosef Nir 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present VISION, a tool for annotating the sources of variation in single cell RNA-seq data in an automated, unbiased and scalable manner. VISION operates directly on the manifold of cell-cell similarity and employs a flexible annotation approach that can operate either with or without preconceived stratification of the cells into groups or along a continuum. We demonstrate the utility of VISION using a relatively homogeneous set of B cells from a cohort of lupus patients and healthy controls and show that it can derive important sources of cellular variation and link them to clinical phenotypes in a stratification free manner. VISION produces an interactive, low latency and feature rich web-based report that can be easily shared amongst researchers.
Self-organizing motors divide active liquid droplets
Authors: Weirich Kimberly L. , Dasbiswas Kinjal , Witten Thomas A. , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan , Gardel Margaret L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe cytoskeleton is a collection of protein assemblies that dynamically impose spatial structure in cells and coordinate processes such as cell division and mechanical regulation. Biopolymer filaments, cross-linking proteins, and enzymatically active motor proteins collectively self-organize into various precise cytoskeletal assemblies critical for specific biological functions. An outstanding question is how the precise spatial organization arises from the component macromolecules. We develop a new system to investigate simple physical mechanisms of self-organization in biological assemblies. Using a minimal set of purified proteins, we create droplets of cross-linked biopolymer filaments. Through the addition of enzymatically active motor proteins we construct composite assemblies, evocative of cellular structures such as spindles, where the inherent anisotropy drives motor self-organization and droplet deformation. These results suggest that simple physical principles underlie the self-organization in complex biological assemblies and inform bio-inspired materials design.
Population based hospitalization burden of laboratory-confirmed hand, foot and mouth disease caused by multiple enterovirus serotypes in southern China
Authors: Yu Shuanbao , Liao Qiaohong , Zhou Yonghong , Hu Shixiong , Chen Qi , Luo Kaiwei , Chen Zhenhua , Luo Li , Huang Wei , Dai Bingbing , He Min , Liu Fengfeng , Qiu Qi , Ren Lingshuang , van Doorn H. Rogier , Yu Hongjie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is spread widely across Asia, and the hospitalization burden is as yet not well understood. Here, we estimated serotype-specific and age-specific hospitalization rates of HFMD in Southern China.MethodsWe enrolled pediatric patients admitted to 3/3 county-level hospitals and 3/23 township level hospitals in Anhua county, Hunan (CN) with HFMD, and collected samples to identify enterovirus serotypes by RT-PCRs between October 2013 and September 2016. The information of other eligible but un-enrolled patients were retrospectively collected from the same six hospitals. Monthly number of hospitalizations for all causes was collected from each of 23 township level hospitals to extrapolate hospitalizations associated with HFMD among these.ResultsDuring the three years, an estimated 3,236 pediatric patients were hospitalized with lab-confirmed HFMD, and among these only one patient was severe. The mean hospitalization rates were 660 (95% CI: 638-684) per 100,000 person-years for lab-confirmed HFMD, with higher rates among CV-A16 and CV-A6 associated HFMD (213 vs 209 per 100,000 person-years), and lower among EV-A71, CV-A10 and other enteroviruses associated HFMD (134, 39 and 66 per 100,000 person-years,p<0.001). Children aged 12-23 months had the highest hospitalization rates (3,594/100,000 person-years), followed by those aged 24-35 months (1,828/100,000 person-years) and 6-11 months (1,572/100,000 person-years). Compared with other serotypes, CV-A6-associated hospitalizations were evident at younger ages.ConclusionsOur study indicates a substantial hospitalization burden associated with non-severe HFMD in a rural county in southern China. Future mitigation policies should take into account the disease burden identified, and optimize interventions for HFMD.
The Evolutionary History of the Orexin/Allatotropin GPCR Family: From Placozoa and Cnidaria to Vertebrata
Authors: María Eugenia Alzugaray , María Cecilia Bruno , María José Villalobos Sambucaro , Rafael Ronderos Jorge 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTCell-cell communication is a basic principle in all organisms, necessary to facilitate the coordination and integration between cell populations. These systems act by mean of chemical messengers. Peptides constitute a highly diversified group of intercellular messengers widely distributed in nature, and regulate a great number of physiological processes in Metazoa. Being crucial for life, it would seem that they have appeared in the ancestral group from which Metazoa evolved, and were highly conserved along the evolutionary process. Peptides act mainly through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), a great family of transmembrane molecules. GPCRs are also widely distributed in nature being present not only in metazoan, but also in Choanoflagellata (unicellular eukariotes related with metazoans), and even in Fungi. Among GPCRs, the Allatotropin/Orexin (AT/Ox) family is particularly characterized by the presence of the DRWmotif in the second intracellular loop (IC Loop 2), and seems to be present in Cnidaria, Placozoa and in Bilateria, suggesting that it also was present in the common ancestor of Metazoa. Looking for the evolutionary history of this GPCR family we searched in the GenBank for sequences corresponding to this family of receptors (i.e. seven transmembrane domain and the E/DRW motif at the second IC Loop 2). Our results show that AT/Ox receptors were highly conserved along evolutionary history of Metazoa, and that they might be defined by the presence of the E/DRWYAI motif at the level of IC Loop 2. Molecular phylogenetic analyses performed by Maximum Likelihood method suggest that AT/Ox family of receptors reflects evolutionary relationships that agree with current understanding of phylogenetic relationships in Actinopterygii and Sauropsida, including also the largely discussed position of Testudines.
Structure of the Fc fragment of the NIST reference antibody RM8671
Authors: Gallagher D. Travis , Galvin Connor V. , Karageorgos Ioannis 
Published: August 2018

As the link between antigen binding and immune activation, the antibody Fc region has received extensive structural study. In this report, the structure of the Fc fragment of the NIST IgG1 mAb (reference material 8671) is described at 2.1 Å resolution in space group P212121, with approximate unit-cell parameters a = 50, b = 80, c = 138 Å. Prior Fc structures with a wide variety of modifications are also surveyed, focusing on those in the same crystal form. To facilitate the analysis of conformations, a reference frame and a two-parameter metric are proposed, considering the CH2 domains as mobile with respect to a fixed dimeric CH3 core. Over several human Fc structures, a significant variation in Fc elbow conformations is observed, which may serve to facilitate the regulation of Fc effector signaling.
Evaluation of industry cluster competitiveness: a quantitative approach
Authors: Bhawsar Pragya , Chattopadhyay Utpal 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a quantitative approach to measure industry clusters competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachAn attempt has been made to construct a composite indicator backed up by a conceptually grounded framework, by means of Analytical Hierarchical Process technique. Four industry clusters from auto sector in India are chosen for manifestation of the methodology.FindingsThe proposed methodology sufficiently emphasises on the order of significance of the factors/indicators that make a cluster competitive. The study demonstrates the comparative competitiveness performance of four select industry clusters from India.Research limitations/implicationsThe methodology only focusses on auto clusters from India, application of the model/methodology needs to be extended to other set of industries that follows tier structure, or belong to other developing nations to corroborate the findings.Practical implicationsThe proposed approach is a useful tool to provide guidance to policy-makers and in monitoring industry clusters progress.Originality/valueThe paper offers an empirical approach for measuring competitiveness of industry clusters. So far there has been only a minuscule research on cluster competitiveness using empirical methods specifically in case of developing countries like India. Because of the heterogeneity of actors in industry clusters and absence of cluster relevant databases, its performance has been mostly captured via means of case studies. This study is one of its kind that renders comparison of competitiveness across industry clusters by combining secondary data with the perception of cluster actors.
How customer orientation enhances salespeople’s performance? A case study from an international market
Authors: Abu ELSamen Amjad , Akroush Mamoun N. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of salespeople’s customer orientation on the relationship between sales manager personal characteristics, fellow salespeople’s characteristics, job satisfaction and adaptive selling and salespeople’s performance in the insurance industry in Jordan.

Design/methodology/approach
A structured and self-administered survey was employed targeting 500 insurance salespeople working at insurance companies operating in Jordan. The final sample size was 320 salespeople representing a response rate of 64 percent. A Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the research constructs dimensions, unidimensionality, validity and composite reliability. Structural path analysis was also used to test the hypothesized relationships of the research model.

Findings
The empirical findings indicate that salespeople’s customer orientation fully mediates the effect of fellow salespeople’s characteristics and adaptive selling on salespeople’s performance. Sales managers’ personal characteristics have a direct effect on salespeople’s performance, contrary to job satisfaction that had no effect on salespeople’s performance.

Research limitations/implications
This paper has examined only five factors that affected directly and indirectly salespeople’s performance; meanwhile other factors may affect their performance, such as salespeople experience, internal marketing and corporate image. Additionally, the fact that paper’s sample consisted only of insurance salespeople working at insurance companies limits its generalization potential to other industries.

Practical implications
The findings emphasize the importance of fostering good relationships among fellow salespeople’s characteristics and adaptive selling strategies. Further, sales managers’ personal characteristics directly affecting salespeople’s performance signifies the importance to hire managers with the right personal approach.

Originality/value
This paper represents one of the early attempts that investigate factors affecting salespeople’s performance through the mediating role of customer orientation. Accordingly, the findings shed more light into the strategic role of this construct in enhancing salespeople’s performance. Also, the paper is the first of its kind to build and examine an integrated model of salespeople’s performance in the insurance market of Jordan, which provides valuable empirical evidence concerning the drivers of salespeople’s performance in the insurance industry in Jordan.
The impact of CEO arrogance on top management team attitudes
Authors: Toscano Roberta , Price Gavin , Scheepers Caren 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test the effects of CEO arrogance on key attitudes of a company’s top management team (TMT).

Design/method/approach
An experimental design involving a business simulation is used to test the effects of a CEO’s perceived arrogance and humility on the TMT in a boardroom setting.

Findings
The study finds that, as predicted, arrogant CEOs adversely impacts TMT engagement, cohesiveness, collaboration and consensual decision-making. Thus, the higher the level of CEO arrogance, the lower the levels of positive TMT attitudes. The study intriguingly also finds that CEOs who displayed humility also negatively influenced the attitudes of the TMT.

Research limitations/implications
The study took place in South Africa, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. The use of a laboratory experiment may affect the ecological validity of the findings.

Practical implications
The results demonstrate that a “Goldilocks” area of neutrality between arrogance and humility should be sought after by CEOs and recruiters of CEOs. If this is impossible, humble CEOs are preferable to arrogant ones.

Originality/value
This paper empirically demonstrates that arrogant leaders negatively impact their TMT followers in a boardroom environment across a number of attitudes that are keys to the success of effectively managing a corporation. The study also demonstrates that moderation is desired by followers and that CEOs being perceived as overly humble is almost as bad as being perceived as arrogant.
Additive manufacturing technology: mapping social impacts
Authors: Matos Florinda , Jacinto Celeste 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Recent developments in additive manufacturing (AM) technology have emphasized the issue of social impacts. However, such effects are still to be determined. So, the purpose of this paper is to map the social impacts of AM technology.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodological approach applied in this study combines a literature review with computer-aided content analysis to search for keywords related to social impacts. The content analysis technique was used to identify and count the relevant keywords in academic documents associated with AM social impacts.

Findings
The study found that AM technology social impacts are still in an exploratory phase. Evidence was found that several social challenges of AM technology will have an influence on the society. The topics associated with fabrication, customization, sustainability, business models and work emerged as the most relevant terms that can act as “pointers” to social impacts.

Research limitations/implications
The research on this subject is strongly conditioned by the scarcity of empirical experience and, consequently, by the scarcity of data and publications on the topic.

Originality/value
This study gives an up-to-date contribution to the topic of AM social impacts, which is still little explored in the literature. Moreover, the methodological approach used in this work combines bibliometrics with computer-aided content analysis, which also constitutes a contribution to support future literature reviews in any field. Overall, the results can be used to improve academic research in the topic and promote discussion among the different social actors.
How “care values” as discursive practices effect the ethics of a care-setting
Authors: Moreau Jeannine Therese , Rudge Trudy 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This paper examines how certain care values permeate, legitimize and authorize hospitalized-older-adults’ care, technologies and practices. The purpose of this paper is to expose how values are not benign but operate discursively establishing “orders of worth” with significant effect on the ethics of the care-setting.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws from a discursive ethnography to see “up close” on a surgical unit how values influence nurse/older-adult-patient care occasions in the domain of older-adults and functional decline. Data are from participant observations, conversations, interviews, chart reviews and reviewed literature. Foucauldian discursive analytics rendered values recognizable and analyzable as discursive practices. Discourse is a social practice of knowledge production constituting and giving meaning to what it represents.

Findings
Analysis reveals how care values inhere discourses like measurement, efficiency, economics, risk and functional decline (loss of capacity for independent living) pervading care technologies and practices, subjugating older adults’ bodies to techniques, turning older persons into measurable objects of knowledge. These values determine social conditions of worth, objectifying, calculating, normalizing and homogenizing what it means to be old, ill and in hospital.

Originality/value
Seven older adult patients and attendant nurses were followed for their entire hospitalization. The ethnography renders visible how care values as discursive practices rationalize the social order and operations of everyday care. Analytic outcomes offer insights of how dominant care values enabled care technologies and practices to govern hospitalized-older-adults as a population to be ordered, managed and controlled, eliding possibilities of engaging humanistic patient-centered care.
An experimental investigation of top–down effects of consumer diversity on producer temporal stability
Authors: Valone Thomas J. , Balaban‐Feld Jesse 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

In multitrophic systems, the diversity of consumers can affect the abundances and temporal stability of the species they consume via ‘top‐down’ effects. However, little is known about how variation in consumer functional diversity affects the temporal stability of aggregate producer communities.

We use data from a long‐term experiment to determine how variation in rodent granivore functional richness affected the temporal stability of the annual plant communities whose seeds they consume. Experimental plots excluded either all granivorous rodents, just large‐bodied kangaroo rat granivores, or no rodents.

Over the 11‐year period studied, reductions in rodent granivory resulted in higher annual plant community abundance and higher abundance of exotic Erodium cicutarium, but lower annual plant species richness and diversity. However, there was no effect of the consumer experimental treatments on annual plant community temporal stability.

Synthesis. The loss of consumers from an ecosystem need not necessarily destabilize the producer community, even when loss of consumers results in reduced producer richness and diversity.
Climate and leaf traits, not latitude, explain variation in plant–herbivore interactions across a species' range
Authors: Loughnan Deirdre , Williams Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Spatial variation in abiotic and biotic factors creates local contexts that influence the intensity of plant–herbivore interactions. Some previous studies have accounted for the complexity of these interactions with latitudinal clines, while the absence of such clines in many other systems suggests other, often unknown, local community factors may instead explain the variation in herbivory across populations.

We investigated plant–herbivore interactions across the entire range of a long‐lived tree (Quercus garryana), evaluating the relative importance of climate, latitude, population size, and insect feeding guilds in determining leaf phenotype and the extent and variation in insect herbivory. In this ecosystem, rain shadows create a nonlinear relationship between climate and latitude, allowing us to disentangle the effects of environmental factors. By performing similar analyses on trees grown in a common garden, we were able to assess the relative importance of environmental factors to leaf defence traits and herbivory.

Total herbivory varied significantly among populations, and was best explained by variation in spring precipitation, leaf traits, and tree population size, but not latitude. The relative importance of each of these factors changed over the growing season and with insect feeding guild. Conversely, damage in the common garden did not vary among trees from different origins when grown in a constant environment, leading us to believe variation in damage in natural populations is more likely the result of the local environments.

Leaf traits (trichome density and specific leaf area) varied significantly among populations, but neither showed an effect of latitude. Variation in both traits was best explained by tree size, and seasonal temperatures or precipitation. We found no variation in insect diversity among field populations, but abundance varied with mean summer precipitation and population size.

Synthesis. Seasonal precipitation consistently explained the geographical variation in the extent of herbivory to Q. garryana, while latitude and winter temperatures, factors that are commonly associated with latitudinal gradients in the intensity of species interactions, did not. Our findings highlight the importance of local climates and functional traits in shaping biotic interactions and intraspecific variation in plant–insect interactions across large spatial scales.