bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origin of strata within the inner accretionary prism of Nankai Trough: Evidence from clay mineral assemblages along the NanTroSEIZE transect
Authors: Underwood Michael B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOne of the more prominent architectural elements of the Nankai subduction margin, offshore southwest Japan, is an out‐of‐sequence thrust fault (megasplay) that separates the inner accretionary prism from the outer prism. The inner prism (hanging wall of the megasplay) is dominated by mudstone, which is enigmatic when the sedimentary facies is compared to coeval deposits in the Shikoku Basin (i.e. inputs from the subducting Philippine Sea plate) and to coarser‐grained turbidite sequences from the Quaternary trench wedge. Clay mineral assemblages amplify the mismatches of sedimentary facies. Mudstones from the inner prism are uniformly depleted in smectite, with average bulk values of 23–24 wt%, whereas the Shikoku Basin deposits show progressive decreases in proportions of smectite over time, from averages of 46–48 wt% at 10 Ma to 17–21 wt% at 1 Ma. Plate‐boundary reconstructions for the Philippine Sea region provide one solution to the conundrum. Between 15 Ma and 10 Ma, the Pacific plate subducted near the NanTroSEIZE transect, and a trench‐trench‐trench triple junction migrated to the northeast. Accretion during that period involved sediments that had been deposited on the Pacific plate. Motion of the Philippine Sea plate changed from 10 Ma to 6 Ma, resulting in sinistral slip along the proto‐Nankai Trough. Sediments accreted during that period probably had been deposited near the triple junction, with a hybrid detrital provenance. Renewed subduction of the Philippine Sea plate at 6 Ma led to reorganization of watersheds near the Izu–Honshu collision zone and gradual incision of large submarine canyons on both sides of the colliding Izu arc. Accreted Pliocene mudstones share more of an affinity to the triple junction paleoenvironment than they do to Shikoku Basin. These differences between subducting Shikoku Basin strata and accreted Pacific plate sediments have important implications for interpretations of frictional properties, structural architecture, and diagenetic fluid production.
Sex‐dependent habitat selection in a high‐density Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax population in southern France, and the implications for conservation
Authors: Devoucoux Pierrick , Besnard Aurélien , Bretagnolle Vincent 
Published: April 2018

Conservation measures often rely on habitat management, so knowledge about a species’ habitat use is a prerequisite for effective conservation planning. The Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax, a medium‐sized bird native to the Palaearctic steppes and today found in extensively farmed habitats, is a threatened species. Its population experienced a 94% decline in farmland habitats in France between 1982 and 1996, and populations all over Europe have suffered equally sharp declines. Due to this steep negative trend, this species has been the subject of a number of habitat selection studies in order to develop relevant conservation measures based on its habitat requirements. In this study, we investigated the habitat selection of a range of habitat types by both sexes and at two nested spatial scales: plot scale and landscape scale. In addition, we analysed intra‐specific social interactions by incorporating conspecific density in the statistical models of habitat use. The study was conducted on a very high‐density population, perhaps the highest ever recorded for this species at around 50 Bustards per 100 ha of suitable habitat. Our methodology combined two field approaches (point counts and quadrat counts). The findings showed rather limited sexual dimorphism in terms of habitat selection at a local scale, with only vegetation height differing between sexes at a micro‐habitat scale, no selection at landscape scale, and a prevailing role of social factors at both scales. The implications for future conservation strategies in relation to population density and landscape composition are discussed.
Solar light induced antibacterial performance of TiO2 crystallized glass ceramics
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Kushwaha Himmat S. , Singh Vinay P. , Vaish Rahul , Ilahi Bouraoui , Madhar Niyaz A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis work investigates the antibacterial potential of TiO2‐based glass‐ceramic. A glass of TiO2 microcrystals embedded in glass matrix of BaO‐TiO2‐B2O3was obtained by melt quench method followed by controlled heat treatment at the 650°C for 3 hours. Crystallization of anatase phase of TiO2 was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. UV‐visible absorbance and photoluminescence were also recorded. Interestingly band gap of TiO2 glass‐ceramic (crystallized glass) was found to be 2.9 eV. Crystallized glass showed excellent antibacterial property against Escherichia coli in both forms (powder and plate). More than 90% of disinfection was achieved by photocatalytic TiO2 glass‐ceramic surface within one hour of sunlight exposure, which was significantly higher than as‐quenched glass surface and TiO2 glass‐ceramic surface under dark. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) intensity of bacterial cells in the presence of crystallized glass was almost three times higher than the control and as‐quenched glass under light. Higher production of ROS is major factor for bacterial degradation on crystallized glass surface.
Push or Carry? Pragmatic Opportunities for Language Development in Strollers versus Backpacks
Authors: Mireault Gina C. , Rainville Brady S. , Laughlin Breanna 
Published: April 2018

Strollers and backpacks are employed early, frequently, and throughout the first year, with parents overwhelmingly using strollers. However, because these transport modalities put infants in different proximities to caregivers, postures, and states of alertness, their use may translate to different opportunities that are of developmental consequence, particularly with regard to language. We used GoPro technology in a within‐subjects counterbalanced design to measure dyadic vocalizations in strollers and backpacks with 7‐ to 11‐month‐old infants. Parent‐infant dyads (N = 36) who regularly used both transport modes took two 8‐min walks in their own neighborhoods using their own carriers while wearing lightweight head‐mounted GoPros. There was significantly more parent speech, infant vocalizations, dyadic conversations, and infant‐initiated speech in backpacks, as well as more head motion consistent with visual scanning by infants. Backpacks appear to be a practical way to encourage more engaging, language‐enriched developmental opportunities in the critical first year.
Influenza‐associated mortality determined from all‐cause mortality, Denmark 2010/11‐2016/17: The FluMOMO model
Authors: Nielsen Jens , Krause Tyra Grove , Mølbak Kåre 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundIn temperate zones, all‐cause mortality exhibits a marked seasonality, and influenza represents a major cause of winter excess mortality. We present a statistical model, FluMOMO, which estimate influenza‐associated mortality from all‐cause mortality data and apply it to Danish data from 2010/11 to 2016/17.MethodsWe applied a multivariable time series model with all‐cause mortality as outcome, influenza activity and extreme temperatures as explanatory variables while adjusting for time trend and seasonality. Three indicators of weekly influenza activity (IA) were explored: percentage of consultations for influenza‐like illness (ILI) at primary health care, national percentage of influenza‐positive samples, and the product of ILI percentage and percentage of influenza‐positive specimens in a given week, that is, the Goldstein index.ResultsIndependent of the choice of parameter to represent influenza activity, the estimated influenza‐associated mortality showed similar patterns with the Goldstein index being the most conservative. Over the 7 winter seasons, the median influenza‐associated mortality per 100 000 population was 17.6 (range: 0.0‐36.8), 14.1 (0.3‐31.6) and 8.3 (0.0‐25.0) for the 3 indicators, respectively, for all ages.ConclusionThe FluMOMO model fitted the Danish data well and has the potential to estimate all‐cause influenza‐associated mortality in near real time and could be used as a standardised method in other countries. We recommend using the Goldstein index as the influenza activity indicator in the FluMOMO model. Further work is needed to improve the interpretation of the estimated effects.
The tape casting process for manufacturing low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic green sheets: A review
Authors: Ren Luchao , Luo Xianfu , Zhou Hongqing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFor low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic technology, the fabrication of high‐performance green sheet is a critical step because of its effect on subsequent operations such as punching, printing, laminating, and firing. Here, we present an overview of the tape casting process for manufacturing high‐performance low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic green sheets. Previous research is reviewed, and the primary materials for preparing the casting slurry, such as powders, solvents, dispersants, binders, and plasticizers, are systematically described. Their functions, application methods, and action mechanisms are described. Suggestions are made for future research into the tape casting process based on recent results.
Temperature stability and electrical properties in La‐doped KNN‐based ceramics
Authors: Lv Xiang , Wu Jiagang , Zhu Jianguo , Xiao Dingquan , Zhang Xi‐xiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo improve the temperature stability and electrical properties of KNN‐based ceramics, we simultaneously consider the phase boundary and the addition of rare earth element (La), 0.96K0.5Na0.5Nb0.96Sb0.04O3‐0.04(Bi1‐xLax)0.5Na0.5ZrO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) ceramics. More specifically, we investigate how the phase boundary and the addition of La3+ affect the phase structure, electrical properties, and temperature stability of the ceramic. We show that increasing the La3+ content leads to a change in phase structure, from a rhombohedral‐tetragonal (R‐T) phase coexistence to a cubic phase. More importantly, we show that the appropriate addition of La3+ (x = 0.2) can simultaneously improve the unipolar strain (from 0.127% to 0.147%) and the temperature stability (i.e., the unipolar strain of 0.147% remains unchanged when T is increased from 25 to 80°C). In addition, we find that the ceramics with x = 0.2 exhibit a large piezoelectric constant (d33) of ~430 pC/N, a high Curie temperature (TC) of ~240°C and a fatigue‐free behavior (after 106 electric cycles). The enhanced electrical properties mostly originate from the easy domain switching, whereas the improved temperature stability can be attributed to the R‐T phase boundary and the appropriate addition of La3+.
In vivo human sock‐mapping validation of a simple model that explains unipolar electrogram morphology in relation to conduction‐repolarization dynamics
Authors: Orini Michele , Taggart Peter , Lambiase Pier D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe unipolar electrogram (UEG) provides local measures of cardiac activation and repolarization and is an important translational link between patient and laboratory. A simple theoretical model of the UEG was previously proposed and tested in silico.Method and resultsThe aim of this study was to use epicardial sock‐mapping data to validate the simple model's predictions of unipolar electrogram morphology in the in vivo human heart. The simple model conceptualizes the UEG as the difference between a local cardiac action potential and a position‐independent component representing remote activity, which is defined as the average of all action potentials. UEGs were recorded in 18 patients using a multielectrode sock containing 240 electrodes and activation (AT) and repolarization time (RT) were measured using standard definitions. For each cardiac site, a simulated local action potential was generated by adjusting a stylized action potential to fit AT and RT measured in vivo. The correlation coefficient (cc) measuring the morphological similarity between 13,637 recorded and simulated UEGs was cc = 0.89 (0.72–0.95), median (Q1–Q3), for the entire UEG, cc = 0.90 (0.76–0.95) for QRS complexes, and cc = 0.83 (0.58–0.92) for T‐waves. QRS and T‐wave areas from recorded and simulated UEGs showed cc> 0.89 and cc> 0.84, respectively, indicating good agreement between voltage isochrones maps. Simulated UEGs accurately reproduced the interaction between AT and QRS morphology and between RT and T‐wave morphology observed in vivo.ConclusionsHuman in vivo whole heart data support the validity of the simple model, which provides a framework for improving the understanding of the UEG and its clinical utility.
Hydrogen sulphide increases pulmonary veins and atrial arrhythmogenesis with activation of protein kinase C
Authors: Chan Chao‐Shun , Lin Yung‐Kuo , Kao Yu‐Hsun , Chen Yao‐Chang , Chen Shih‐Ann , Chen Yi‐Jen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHydrogen sulphide (H2S), one of the most common toxic air pollutants, is an important aetiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). Pulmonary veins (PVs) and left atrium (LA) are the most important AF trigger and substrate. We investigated whether H2S may modulate the arrhythmogenesis of PVs and atria. Conventional microelectrodes and whole‐cell patch clamp were performed in rabbit PV, sinoatrial node (SAN) or atrial cardiomyocytes before and after the perfusion of NaHS with or without chelerythrine (a selective PKC inhibitor), rottlerin (a specific PKC δ inhibitor) or KB‐R7943 (a NCX inhibitor). NaHS reduced spontaneous beating rates, but increased the occurrences of delayed afterdepolarizations and burst firing in PVs and SANs. NaHS (100 μmol/L) increased IKATP and INCX in PV and LA cardiomyocytes, which were attenuated by chelerythrine (3 μmol/L). Chelerythrine, rottlerin (10 μmol/L) or KB‐R7943 (10 μmol/L) attenuated the arrhythmogenic effects of NaHS on PVs or SANs. NaHS shortened the action potential duration in LA, but not in right atrium or in the presence of chelerythrine. NaHS increased PKC activity, but did not translocate PKC isoforms α, ε to membrane in LA. In conclusion, through protein kinase C signalling, H2S increases PV and atrial arrhythmogenesis, which may contribute to air pollution‐induced AF.
The influence of developmental environment on courtship song in cactophilic Drosophila
Authors: Iglesias Patricia P. , Soto Eduardo M. , Soto Ignacio M. , Colines Betina , Hasson Esteban 
Published: April 2018

AbstractClosely related species often differ in the signals involved in sexual communication and mate recognition. Determining the factors influencing signal quality (i.e. signal's content and conspicuousness) provides an important insight into the potential pathways by which these interspecific differences evolve. Host specificity could bias the direction of the evolution of sexual communication and the mate recognition system, favouring sensory channels that work best in the different host conditions. In this study, we focus on the cactophilic sibling species Drosophila buzzatii and D. koepferae that have diverged not only in the sensory channel used for sexual communication and mate recognition but also in the cactus species that use as primary hosts. We evaluate the role of the developmental environment in generating courtship song variation using an isofemale line design. Our results show that host environment during development induces changes in the courtship song of D. koepferae males, but not in D. buzzatii males. Moreover, we report for the first time that host rearing environment affects the conspicuousness of courtship song (i.e. song volume). Our results are mainly discussed in the context of the sensory drive hypothesis.
Parallel evolutionary forces influence the evolution of male and female songs in a tropical songbird
Authors: Graham Brendan A. , Heath Daniel D. , Walter Ryan P. , Mark Melissa M. , Mennill Daniel J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGiven the important role that animal vocalizations play in mate attraction and resource defence, acoustic signals are expected to play a significant role in speciation. Most studies, however, have focused on the acoustic traits of male animals living in the temperate zone. In contrast to temperate environments, in the tropics, it is commonplace for both sexes to produce complex acoustic signals. Therefore, tropical birds offer the opportunity to compare the sexes and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of animal signals. In this study, we quantified patterns of acoustic variation in Rufous‐and‐white Wrens (Thryophilus rufalbus) from five populations in Central America. We quantified similarities and differences between male and female songs by comparing the role that acoustic adaptation, cultural isolation and neutral genetic divergence have played in shaping acoustic divergence. We found that males and females showed considerable acoustic variation across populations, although females exhibited greater population divergence than males. Redundancy analysis and partial‐redundancy analysis revealed significant relationships between acoustic variation and ecological variables, genetic distance, and geographic distance. Both ambient background noise and geographic distance explained a high proportion of variance for both males and females, suggesting that both acoustic adaptation and cultural isolation influence song. Overall, our results indicate that parallel evolutionary forces act on male and female acoustic signals and highlight the important role that cultural drift and selection play in the evolution of both male and female songs.
Using group‐based trajectory modelling to enhance causal inference in interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Linden Ariel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesSeveral enhancements have been proposed for interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) to improve causal inference. Presently, group‐based trajectory modelling (GBTM) is introduced as a complement to ITSA. GBTM assumes a certain number of discrete groups in the sample have unique trajectories of the outcome. GBTM is used herein for 2 purposes: (1) to compare outcomes across all trajectory groups via a stand‐alone GBTM and (2) to identify comparable non‐treated units to serve as controls in the ITSA outcome model. Examples of each are offered.MethodThe effect of California's Proposition 99 (passed in 1988) for reducing cigarette sales is evaluated by comparing California to other states not exposed to smoking reduction initiatives. In the stand‐alone GBTM, distinct trajectory groups are identified based on cigarette sales for the entire observation period (1970‐2000). In the second approach, a GBTM is generated using only baseline period observations (1970‐1988), and treatment effects (difference in post‐intervention trends) are then estimated for the treatment unit versus non‐treated units in the treated unit's trajectory group.ResultsIn the stand‐alone GBTM, 3 distinct trajectory groups were identified: low‐decreasing, medium‐decreasing, and high‐decreasing (California and 26 other states were in the low‐decreasing group). When using baseline data for matching, California and 19 non‐treated states comprised the low group. California had a significantly larger decrease in post‐intervention cigarette sales than these controls (P < 0.01).ConclusionsGBTM enhances ITSA by providing perspective for the outcome trajectory in the treated unit's group versus all others and can identify non‐treated units to be used for estimating treatment effects.
Evaluation of symptomatic esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
Authors: Ong Andrew Ming Liang , Namasivayam Vikneswaran , Wang Yu Tien 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground and AimEsophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) may be due to anatomical abnormalities, but it is unclear how to evaluate them after high‐resolution manometry. We aimed to determine (i) clinical and high‐resolution manometry parameters differentiating anatomical EGJOO from functional EGJOO, (ii) investigations chosen and yield for anatomical EGJOO, and (iii) clinical outcomes of functional EGJOO.MethodsMedical records of consecutive patients with symptomatic EGJOO from February 2012 to December 2015 were reviewed. EGJOO was defined as anatomical if investigations identified a macroscopic or microscopic pathology accounting for EGJOO.ResultsForty of 292 (13.7%) had EGJOO, of which 6/40 (15%) had anatomical EGJOO (two PPI‐responsive esophageal eosinophilia, two infiltrating cancers, and two external compressions). Anatomical EGJOO was more likely to present with dysphagia (100% vs 29.4%, P = 0.001) and less likely with regurgitation (0% vs 41.2%, P = 0.05). Anatomical EGJOO had higher frequencies of premature contraction (50% vs 5.9%, P = 0.003) and lower mean values of distal latency (5.6 +/− 1.3 vs 6.7 +/− 1.2, P = 0.004). Computed tomography scans revealed 50% (3/6) of etiologies of anatomical EGJOO. Approximately, 73.5% (25/34) of patients with functional EGJOO had spontaneous resolution of their symptoms. One underwent pneumatic dilatation with symptom resolution while remaining eight with persistent symptoms were attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease.ConclusionAnatomical causes are present in 15% of EGJOO. Evaluation is warranted especially in patients presenting with dysphagia. Esophageal biopsies, barium swallows, computed tomography scans, and endoscopic ultrasound are complementary in EGJOO evaluation. In patients with non‐obstructive symptoms and no anatomical etiologies, monitoring for spontaneous resolution is an option.
Beliefs and advice‐seeking behaviours for fertility and pregnancy: a cross‐sectional study of a global sample
Authors: Walker R. , Blumfield M. , Truby H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy can motivate individuals to adopt lifestyle behaviours that protect the health of their offspring. The aims of the present study were to explore men's and women's beliefs about lifestyle, fertility and pregnancy, as well as where they seek advice.MethodsParticipants (2185 women and 221 men, six unspecified) from 104 countries completed a questionnaire that explored their beliefs about what was important for a healthy pregnancy and their advice‐seeking behaviours. Recruitment was via a Massive Open Online Course entitled ‘Food as Medicine’, with food, nutrient and health content. Comparisons of categorical data were performed using a chi‐squared test (P= 0.05).ResultsEating a variety of fruits and vegetables and not smoking (both 93.7%) were the most frequently and equally ranked in the top‐five factors for a healthy pregnancy. Taking prenatal supplements (26.8%) was considered to be less important. Participants in Westernised countries ranked not smoking or drinking alcohol as being significantly more important than those in other countries. Overall, doctors (47.7%) were the most common source of fertility and pregnancy advice. Larger proportions of those aged <40 years used the Internet (<40 years 44.1%, >40 years 18.2% χ2= 152.7,P< 0.01) and social media (<40 years 16.1%, >40 years 3.6%; χ2= 110.18,P< 0.01) for health information.ConclusionsThere is disconnection between beliefs and actions regarding the lifestyle behaviours considered to be important for a healthy pregnancy, particularly nutrition. Pregnancy advice‐seeking has evolved, with younger men and women utilising the Internet and social media. Health professionals must consider new communication strategies to deliver evidence‐based lifestyle advice, particularly for younger men and women and where access to healthcare is limited.