bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing electronic structure and charge transport of sulfur/potassium co‐doped graphitic carbon nitride with efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance
Authors: Bi Jingce , Zhu Lin , Wu Junbiao , Xu Yan , Wang Zhuopeng , Zhang Xia , Han Yide 
Published: August 2019

Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (CN) has been widely investigated for solar energy conversion through water splitting, but its low photocatalytic activity needs to be further improved and optimized. Herein, S/K co‐doped CN photocatalysts have been fabricated by condensation of thiourea and dithiooxamide followed by post‐treatment in molten salt. As evidenced by XRD patterns and UV–vis DRS plots, the engineering crystalline and electronic structure of all as‐prepared samples have been explored through tailoring the mass ratio of thiourea and dithiooxamide as well as ratio of molten salt/the precursor. After optimization, the as‐prepared S/K co‐doped CN photocatalysts with needle‐like nanorods structure exhibit excellent hydrogen evolution rate of 1962.10 μmol−1 g−1 h−1. While its photocatalytic activity is lower than that of pure CN by molten salt treatment (K‐doped CN) (2066.40 μmol−1 g−1 h−1), which results from that the K content of S/K co‐doped CN photocatalyst is lower than that of K‐doped CN. Moreover, compared with K‐doped CN, S/K co‐doped CN photocatalyst possesses higher photocatalytic performance when irradiated by a light source (λ > 520 nm). This might be ascribed to the fact that the introduction of sulfur can expand light absorption region (λ > 520 nm), whereas K cannot improve light absorption of CN in this wavelength region. Furthermore, DFT calculation reveals that both S and K atoms can offer more electrons to band gap, leading to the formation of metallic‐character band structure. In addition, K atom can intercalate in the interlayer of CN and bridge the adjacent two layers, leading to the formation of charge delivery channels. These results demonstrate that S/K co‐doped CN photocatalysts facilitate the separation and transport of photogenerated charge carries, resulting in the efficient photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. Besides, a competition between sulfur and potassium atom during the synthesis process is also discussed in details.
A metal–organic gel‐based fluorescent chemosensor for selective Al3+ detection
Authors: Gu Dongxu , Yang Weiting , Wang Fuxiang , Li Meiling , Liu Lijuan , Li Huihui , Pan Qinhe 
Published: August 2019

As an important metal element, aluminium has a significant impact on the environment and human health, and thus the detection of Al3+ has become the subject of much research. We synthesized a Ni(II)‐based metal–organic gel (Ni‐MOG), which can serve as an Al3+ fluorescence sensor with high selectivity and sensitivity, the limit of detection being calculated to be 0.5 μM. In addition, a composite film was further fabricated by hybridization of this Ni‐MOG with poly(vinyl alcohol). The composite film produced a rapid fluorescence response to Al3+ solutions at concentrations above 5 × 10−5 M in 5 min. The Ni‐MOG composite film can also be successfully applied for the sensitive detection of Al3+ in real samples of tap water and seawater. The effective detection of Al3+ described in this contribution provides a new insight into water quality monitoring and has promising application value.
Preparation of high‐performance epoxy‐containing silicone rubber via hydrosilylation reaction
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Bin , Zhou Shengtai , Chen Yang , Liang Mei , Zou Huawei 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTA novel epoxy‐containing silicone rubber network was constructed by hydrosilylation reaction among the synthesized vinyl‐containing epoxy resin prepolymers, vinyl terminated silicone oil and hydrogen‐containing silicone oil. The structure of the vinyl‐containing epoxy resin prepolymers was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Morphology observations revealed that uniform “sea‐island” phase separation structure was present in modified silicone rubbers. The compatibility between silicone rubber and epoxy resin was enhanced, thanks to the good dispersion of vinyl‐containing epoxy prepolymers in silicone rubber matrix. The adhesion and tensile properties of modified silicone rubbers were greatly enhanced when compared with those of unmodified counterparts. The thermal degradation behavior of cured silicone rubbers was studied using thermogravimetric analysis and thermogravimetric/infrared spectrometry analysis. Results showed that the formation of epoxy‐containing silicone rubber network altered the degradation process of silicone rubber, thereby yielding a higher residue at 800 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48397.
Parameter change test for location‐scale time series models with heteroscedasticity based on bootstrap
Authors: Oh Haejune , Lee Sangyeol 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study considers the bootstrap cumulative sum (CUSUM) test for a parameter change in location‐scale time series models with heteroscedasticity. The CUSUM test has been popular for detecting an abrupt change in time series models because it performs well in many applications. However, it has severe size distortions in many situations. As a remedy, we consider the bootstrap CUSUM test, particularly focusing on the CUSUM test based on score vectors, and demonstrate the weak consistency of the bootstrap test for its justification. A simulation study and data analysis are conducted for illustration.
Outcomes of surgery for benign and malignant adrenal disease from the British Association of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons' national registry
Authors: Patel N , Egan R J , Carter B R , Scott-Coombes D M , Stechman M J , Afzaal A , Akhtar I , Akyol M , Anderson I , Aspinall S , Balasubramanian S , Banga N , Bliss R , Brindle R , Carpenter R , Cave-Bigley D , Chadwick D , Collins R , Craig W , Cvasciuc T , Doran H , Dunn J , Eatock F , El-Saify W , Evans A , Fraser S , Galata G , Greaney M G , Guy A , Hardy R , Harrison B , Houghton A , Hubbard A , Jeddy T , Kirkby-Bott J , Krukowski Z , Kurup V , Kurzawinski T , Lansdown M , Lennard T M J , Lim B , Maddox P , Mihai R , Nicholson M , Palazzo F , Parrott N , Parvanta L , Rew D , Sadler G , Schulte K M , Sharma A , Shore S , Sinha P , Skene A , Smellie J , Smith D , Sutcliffe R , Thomas M , Thomas P , Thomas W E G , Titus A , Tomlinson M , Truran P , Ubhi C , Uppal H , Waghorn A , Walls G , Williams S , Zammitt C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
This study investigated the indications, procedures and outcomes for adrenal surgery from the UK Registry of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery database from 2005 to 2017, and compared outcomes between benign and malignant disease.

Methods
Data on adrenalectomies were extracted from a national surgeon-reported registry. Preoperative diagnosis, surgical technique, length of hospital stay, morbidity and in-hospital mortality were examined.

Results
Some 3994 adrenalectomies were registered among patients with a median age of 54 (i.q.r. 43–65) years (55·9 per cent female). Surgery was performed for benign disease in 81·5 per cent. Tumour size was significantly greater in malignant disease: 60 (i.q.r. 34–100) versus 40 (24–55) mm (P &lt; 0·001). A minimally invasive approach was employed in 90·2 per cent of operations for benign disease and 48·2 per cent for cancer (P &lt; 0·001). The conversion rate was 3·5-fold higher in malignant disease (17·3 versus 4·7 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). The length of hospital stay was 3 (i.q.r. 2–5) days for benign disease and 5 (3–8) days for malignant disease (P &lt; 0·050). In multivariable analysis, risk factors for morbidity were malignant disease (odds ratio (OR) 1·69, 1·22 to 2·36; P = 0·002), tumour size larger than 60 mm (OR 1·43, 1·04 to 1·98; P = 0·028) and conversion to open surgery (OR 3·48, 2·16 to 5·61; P &lt; 0·001). The in-hospital mortality rate was below 0·5 per cent overall, but significantly higher in the setting of malignant disease (1·2 versus 0·2 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). Malignant disease (OR 4·88, 1·17 to 20·34; P = 0·029) and tumour size (OR 7·47, 1·52 to 39·61; P = 0·014) were independently associated with mortality in multivariable analysis.

Conclusion
Adrenalectomy is a safe procedure but the higher incidence of open surgery for malignant disease appears to influence postoperative outcomes.
Sulfur‐Containing Bent N‐Heteroacenes
Authors: Ding Fangwei , Xia Debin , Sun Weipeng , Chen Wei , Yang Yulin , Lin Kaifeng , Zhang Feibao , Guo Xugang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA series of novel sulfur‐containing bent N‐heteroacenes were constructed and characterized by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. By introducing sulfur‐containing groups (thio, sulfinyl, and sulfonyl) into bent azaacenes, their electronic delocalization was improved and frontier energy levels were modulated. The target products displayed tunable optical and electronic properties through altering the valence of sulfur and fused length of the azaacenes. For the first time, typical products were utilized as organic field effect transistor materials, affording promising results.
The Hunt for the Closed Conformation of the Fruit‐Ripening Enzyme 1‐Aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic Oxidase: A Combined Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Fournier Eugénie , Tachon Sybille , Fowler Nicholas J. , Gerbaud Guillaume , Mansuelle Pascal , Dorlet Pierre , de Visser Sam P. , Belle Valérie , Simaan A. Jalila , Martinho Marlène 
Published: August 2019

Abstract1‐Aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic oxidase (ACCO) is a non‐heme iron(II)‐containing enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the phytohormone ethylene, which regulates fruit ripening and flowering in plants. The active conformation of ACCO, and in particular that of the C‐terminal part, remains unclear and open and closed conformations have been proposed. In this work, a combined experimental and computational study to understand the conformation and dynamics of the C‐terminal part is reported. Site‐directed spin‐labeling coupled to electron paramagnetic resonance (SDSL‐EPR) spectroscopy was used. Mutagenesis experiments were performed to generate active enzymes bearing two paramagnetic labels (nitroxide radicals) anchored on cysteine residues, one in the main core and one in the C‐terminal part. Inter‐spin distance distributions were measured by pulsed EPR spectroscopy and compared with the results of molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal the existence of a flexibility of the C‐terminal part. This flexibility generates several conformations of the C‐terminal part of ACCO that correspond neither to the existing crystal structures nor to the modelled structures. This highly dynamic region of ACCO raises questions on its exact function during enzymatic activity.
Promoting environmental performance through green human resource management practices in higher education institutions: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Gilal Faheem Gul , Ashraf Zubaida , Gilal Naeem Gul , Gilal Rukhsana Gul , Channa Nisar Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing two theoretical lenses—organizational citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE) and supplies‐values fit theory (SVFT)—the present study examines the influence of green human resource management (HRM) practices on environmental performance using data from higher education institutions. To this end, our research uses survey data from n = 214 employees to test the moderated mediation hypotheses. The study finds that green HRM practices positively enhance environmental performance via employees' environmental passion. Our study further reveals that the effect of green HRM practices on environmental passion is more important when an employee is high on green values than when s/he is low. The current study provides new theoretical insights into environmental management literature by linking green HRM practices to environmental performance. Our findings provide managers with guidance regarding how and when green HRM practices are more likely to lead to enhanced environmental performance.
Differential evolution CapsNet model for QoS routing enhancement in wireless networks
Authors: Chandrasekaran Kumar , Selvaraj Tamizharasi 
Published: August 2019

SummaryOne of the nondeterministic polynomial (NP) hard problem in the area of wireless networks is the quality of service (QoS) routing problem. This has always been a key area wherein research is required to enhance the QoS metrics considered with respect to the considered network model. In this paper, mobile ad hoc network (MANET) model is identified for which an effective QoS routing protocol which meets the set QoS constraints is designed employing the novel variant of differential evolution (DE) model. The ultimate aim of the proposed work is to identify an optimal feasible path for the MANET model with the set objective function criterion being met. A variant of DE capsule net model is built by hybridizing it with the nature‐inspired firefly (FF) algorithmic approach. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is achieved by minimizing the set objective function on satisfying the QoS constraints in the MANETs. The developed technique chose better QoS path with respect to the best fitness value than that of the route replay the shortest path algorithm of ad hoc on‐demand distance vector (AODV) protocol. The modeled variant DE‐FF model achieves better QoS metrics with all the set constrained being met. Simulated results depict the superiority and better performance of the developed DE‐FF model than that of the other methods considered for comparison from the existing literature works.
Toxicokinetics and analytical toxicology of the abused opioid U‐48800 — in vitro metabolism, metabolic stability, isozyme mapping, and plasma protein binding
Authors: Gampfer Tanja M. , Richter Lilian H.J. , Schäper Jan , Wagmann Lea , Meyer Markus R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDue to the risk of new synthetic opioids (NSOs) for human health, the knowledge of their toxicokinetic characteristics is important for clinical and forensic toxicology. U‐48800 is an NSO structurally non‐related to classical opioids such as morphine or fentanyl and offered for abuse. As toxicokinetic data of U‐48800 is not currently available, the aims of this study were to identify the in vitro metabolites of U‐48800 in pooled human liver S9 fraction (pS9), to map the isozymes involved in the initial metabolic steps, and to determine further toxicokinetic data such as metabolic stability, including the in vitro half‐life (t1/2), and the intrinsic (CLint) and hepatic clearance (CLh). Furthermore, drug detectability studies in rat urine should be done using hyphenated mass spectrometry. In total, 13 phase I metabolites and one phase II metabolite were identified. N‐Dealkylation, hydroxylation, and their combinations were the predominant metabolic reactions. The isozymes CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 were mainly involved in these initial steps. CYP2C19 poor metabolizers may suffer from an increased U‐48800 toxicity. The in vitro t1/2 and CLint could be rated as moderate, compared to structural related compounds. After administration of an assumed consumer dose to rats, the unchanged parent compound was found only in very low abundance but three metabolites were detected additionally. Due to species differences, metabolites found in rats might be different from those in humans. However, phase I metabolites found in rat urine, the parent compound, and additionally the N‐demethyl metabolite should be used as main targets in toxicological urine screening approaches.
An individual‐based model of seed‐ and rhizome‐propagated perennial plant species and sustainable management of Sorghum halepense in soybean production systems in Argentina
Authors: Liu Chun , Scursoni Julio A. , Moreno Raúl , Zelaya Ian A. , Muñoz María Sol , Kaundun Shiv S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPerennial plants which propagate through both seeds and rhizomes are common in agricultural and nonagricultural systems. Due to their multifaceted life cycle, few population models are available for studying such species. We constructed a novel individual‐based model to examine the effects of ecological, evolutionary, and anthropogenic factors on the population dynamics of perennial species. To exemplify the application of the model, we presented a case study of an important weed, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Johnsongrass), in soybean productions in Argentina. The model encompasses a full perennial weed life cycle with both sexual (seeds) and asexual (rhizomes) propagations. The evolution of herbicide resistance was modeled based on either single genes or quantitative effects. Field experiments were conducted in the species' native environment in Argentina to parameterize the model. Simulation results showed that resistance conferred by single‐gene mutations was predominantly affected by the initial frequency of resistance alleles and the associated fitness cost. Population dynamics were influenced by evolved resistance, soil tillage, and rhizome fecundity. Despite the pivotal role of rhizomes in driving the population dynamics of Johnsongrass, most herbicides target the aboveground biomass, and chemical solutions to control rhizomes are still very limited. To maintain effective (short‐term) and sustainable (long‐term) weed management, it is recommended to combine soil tillage with herbicide applications for suppressing the rhizomes and delaying the evolution of resistance. This novel model of seed‐ and rhizome‐propagated plants will also be a useful tool for studying the evolutionary processes of other perennial weeds, cash crops, and invasive species.
Strong rotating flow in stationary droplets in low power budget using wire electrode configuration
Authors: Kunti Golak , Bhattacharya Anandaroop , Chakraborty Suman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe explore a simple strategy of generating strong rotating flow in a stationary surface‐droplet, using an intricate interplay of local electrical and thermal fields. Wire electrodes are employed to generate on‐spot heating without necessitating any elaborate micro‐fabrication, which causes strong local gradients in electrical properties to induce mobile charges into the droplet. Applying a low voltage (∼10 V), strong rotational velocity of the order of mm/s can be achieved in the system, within the standard operating ranges of operating and geometrical parameters. Further, altering the diameter of the electrode, vortices can be tuned locally or globally in low power budget, without incurring any droplet oscillations. These results may turn out to be of immense consequence in enhancing micromixing in a plethora of droplet based applications ranging from thermal management to medical diagnostics to be potentially employed in resource‐limited settings.
A graphene rheostat for highly durable and stretchable strain sensor
Authors: Ren Jing , Zhang Wenjun , Wang Yubo , Wang Yaxiong , Zhou Jun , Dai Liming , Xu Ming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStrain sensors for human health monitoring are of paramount importance in wearable medical diagnostics and personal health monitoring. Despite extensive studies, strain sensors with both high durability and stretchability are still desired, particularly with the stability for different environmental conditions. Here, we report a series of strain sensors possessing the graphene network with a high density of intermittent physical interconnections, which produces the relative resistance change by varying the overlap area between the neighboring graphene sheets under stretching and releasing, analogous to the slide rheostat working in electronics. Our in‐situ transmission electron microscope observation reveals the full recoverability of the structure from large deformation upon unloading for ensuring the exceptional cycle stability of our material on monitoring full‐range body movements. The stable response is also demonstrated over wide temperature range and frequency range, because the peculiar dynamic structure can be maintained through the self‐adjustment to the thermal expansion of the bulk material. Based on the working mechanism of graphene “slide rheostat,” the sensing properties of the strain sensor are tailored by tuning the graphene network structure with different mass densities using different concentrations of graphene oxide dispersion, while the stretchability and sensitivity can be separately optimized for different application requirements.
Development of magnesium implants by application of conjoint‐based quality function deployment
Authors: Siefen Sarah , Höck Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBiodegradable magnesium‐based implants are the subject of a great deal of research for different orthopedic and vascular applications. The targeted design and properties depend on the specific medical function and location in the body. Development of the biomaterial requires a comprehensive understanding of the biological interaction between the implant and the host tissue, as well as of the behavior in the physiological environment in vivo. Research into and the development of innovative magnesium implants entails interdisciplinary research efforts and communication between materials science, bioscience, and medical experts. The present study provides a transparent planning and communication tool for market‐oriented implant development processes. The objective was to identify medical needs at an early stage of the development process and to quantify the importance of the engineering characteristics of different research fields that cater to specific implant requirements. The method is demonstrated by the performance of a survey‐based conjoint analysis, which was integrated into a quality function deployment approach. Twenty‐seven medical professionals and 29 biomaterial scientists assessed the importance of identified medical requirements, whereby the control of mechanical integrity and degradation along with nontoxicity and nonimmunogenicity showed the highest number of preferences. The evaluation of implant options by 31 experts indicated that the engineering characteristic with the highest importance was the condition and sterilization of the surface. These values can be used to set priorities in strategic decisions. Research trials can be aligned to medical preferences, ensuring high product quality and an effective development process. This is the first paper to report on the application of conjoint‐based quality function deployment in biomaterial research.
Performance characteristics of the PowerFlow apheresis port: Early experience
Authors: Garrity Danielle , Graves Molly , Linden Jeanne , St. Pierre Patricia , Ducharme Paula , Zhao Yong , Greene Mindy , Vauthrin Michelle , Weinstein Robert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe prospectively evaluated the Bard PowerFlow Implantable Apheresis IV Port in four patients undergoing outpatient therapeutic plasma exchange over 18 to 97 days. Three had bilateral internal jugular access ports, and one had a single left internal jugular access port for the inlet line with return via antecubital vein. Two patients receiving 5% albumin as replacement fluid achieved peak inlet flow of 99 ± 5 mL/min and 101 ± 6 mL/min, and peak plasma flow of 53 ± 6 and 47 ± 6 mL/min, respectively. Two patients receiving plasma as replacement fluid achieved peak inlet flow of 46 ± 7 and 85 ± 4 mL/min and peak plasma flow of 27 ± 3 and 35 ± 4 mL/min, respectively. Apheresis nurses accessed the ports on the first attempt in all procedures. Pressure alarms occurred in 6 of 47 procedures and were easily resolved by lowering the inlet rate by 10% in 5 of them. The PowerFlow shows promise as an implantable venous access device for apheresis.