bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Pierce Detection in Fiber Lasers
Authors: Richmond Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPiercing is a necessary but time consuming step in sheet metal cutting, particularly in thicker materials. Knowing exactly when pierce through is achieved is key to cutting efficiency, by eliminating wasted dwell time. Pierce detection has been a high priced optional extra on top end cutting process head but its uptake has to date been limited. SPI Lasers has developed a novel sensor within the laser that looks at back reflected light from the work piece. This provides a signal that accurately indicates when pierce through is achieved which can be used to eliminate fixed pierce times and yields significant time savings that can be ten percent or more. This article explains the technical approach and the advantages that machine builders can benefit from by integrating this feature.
The Art of Validating Quantitative Proteomics Data
Authors: Handler David C. , Pascovici Dana , Mirzaei Mehdi , Gupta Vivek , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini , Haynes Paul A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWestern blotting as an orthogonal validation tool for quantitative proteomics data has rapidly become a de facto requirement for publication. In this viewpoint article, the pros and cons of western blotting as a validation approach are discussed, using examples from our own published work, and how to best apply it to improve the quality of data published is outlined. Further, suggestions and guidelines for some other experimental approaches are provided, which can be used for validation of quantitative proteomics data in addition to, or in place of, western blotting.
ECM Remodeling in Breast Cancer with Different Grade: Contribution of 2D‐DIGE Proteomics
Authors: Moriggi Manuela , Giussani Marta , Torretta Enrica , Capitanio Daniele , Sandri Marco , Leone Roberta , De Palma Sara , Vasso Michele , Vozzi Giovanni , Tagliabue Elda , Gelfi Cecilia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTumor extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in outcome of breast cancer (BC) patients. Overexpression of 58 genes, encoding 43 structural ECM proteins, has been identified to determine a specific cluster of BC with accelerated metastatic potential only in the undifferentiated (grade III) phenotype. The scope of this study is to characterize protein repertoire able to predict patient outcome in BC according to ECM gene expression pattern and histological grade. The differential proteomic analysis is based on 2D‐differential gel electrophoresis, MALDI–MS, bioinformatics, and immunoblotting. Results suggest a relationship among ECM remodeling, signal mechanotransduction, and metabolic rewiring in BCs characterized by a specific mRNA ECM signature and identified a set of dysregulated proteins characteristic of hormone receptors expression as fibrinogen‐β chain, collagen α‐1(VI) chain, and α‐1B‐glycoprotein. Furthermore, in triple negative tumors with ECM signature, the FGG and α5β1/αvβ3 integrins increase whereas detyrosinated α‐tubulin and mimecan decrease leading to unorganized integrin presentation involving focal adhesion kinase, activation of Rho GTPases associated to epithelial mesenchymal transition. In hormone receptors negative BCs characterized by a specific ECM gene cluster, the differentially regulated proteins, identified in the present study, can be potentially relevant to predict patient's outcome.
Biochar applications decrease reproductive potential of the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae and upregulate defense‐related gene expression
Authors: Chen Yong , Li Ran , Li Baoping , Meng Ling 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe application of biochar as a targeted strategy for managing herbivorous pests is a topic of growing interest. The present study first determined the influence of biochar amendments on the reproductive performance of the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae, and then examined defense‐related gene expression in the wheat plant as a function of biochar amendments and aphid feeding.RESULTSCompared to the control, biocahr amendments decreased aphid lifetime fertility by 9.09% and 20.23% for amending levels at 3% and 5%, respectively; it reduced aphid population by 18.68%, 21.69%, and 28.70% for the levels at 1.5%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. Biochar applications increased silicon content more than 40% in wheat plants. Furthermore, biochar additions increased the expression of four defense‐related genes (AOS, LOX, PAL and PR) in wheat plants with extension of feeding time by aphids.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that biochar amendments to soils have detrimental consequences on the reproductive potential of the aphid on the wheat, and the effect may result from aphid‐induced plant defenses being raised by biochar applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Target‐Adverse Event Profiles to Augment Pharmacovigilance: A Pilot Study With Six New Molecular Entities
Authors: Schotland Peter , Racz Rebecca , Jackson David , Levin Robert , Strauss David G. , Burkhart Keith 
Published: October 2018

AbstractClinical trials can fail to detect rare adverse events (AEs). We assessed the ability of pharmacological target adverse‐event (TAE) profiles to predict AEs on US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug labels at least 4 years after approval. TAE profiles were generated by aggregating AEs from the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) reports and the FDA drug labels for drugs that hit a common target. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to choose the adverse event (AE) case count (N), disproportionality score in FAERS (proportional reporting ratio (PRR)), and percent of comparator drug labels with an AE to maximize F‐measure. With FAERS data alone, precision, recall, and specificity were 0.57, 0.78, and 0.61, respectively. After including FDA drug label data, precision, recall, and specificity improved to 0.67, 0.81, and 0.71, respectively. Eighteen of 23 (78%) postmarket label changes were identified correctly. TAE analysis shows promise as a method to predict AEs at the time of drug approval.
Pediatric Dosing of Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir: How Model‐Based Simulations Can Prevent Underexposure and Potential Treatment Failure
Authors: Jorga Karin , Reigner Bruno , Chavanne Clarisse , Alvaro Giuseppe , Frey Nicolas 
Published: October 2018

Intravenous ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir are effective in the prevention and treatment of pediatric cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection but various dosing regimens are used in medical practice. Population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model‐based simulations were used to propose a new ganciclovir pediatric dosing algorithm for regulatory review and to evaluate the approved valganciclovir pediatric dosing algorithm against published dosing recommendations derived from quantitative approaches. Oral valganciclovir (mg = 7 × body surface area (BSA) × creatinine clearance according to the Schwarz formula (CrCLS) daily) and i.v. ganciclovir (mg = 3 × BSA × CrCLS daily) are effective in reaching ganciclovir target exposure for the prevention of CMV (area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC)0–24 40–60 μg ∙ hour/mL) in most pediatric patients across the full pediatric age range. In contrast, ganciclovir and valganciclovir dosing based on body weight, as commonly used in medical practice, leads to underexposure, particularly in younger pediatric patients. This example shows that model‐based dosing algorithms built on clinical pharmacology and implemented using good modeling practice can prevent underexposure and reduce the risk of treatment failure in pediatric patients.
River science and management issues in Chile: Hydropower development and native fish communities
Authors: Habit Evelyn , García Alex , Díaz Gustavo , Arriagada Pedro , Link Oscar , Parra Oscar , Thoms Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe magnitude of hydropower developments in emerging regions threatens the sustainability of their riverine landscapes. Fragmentation of river networks by multiple barriers and the imposition of new hydrological regimes influences the ability of these river ecosystems to absorb and adapt to these developments and other stressors. Direct transfer of paradigms built from a restricted geographical base to a global context is fraught with issues because of regional differences in eco‐hydro‐geomorphology, biological communities, and nonlinear interactions between the two. In this manuscript, some impacts of hydropower development on Chilean riverine ecosystems are presented. To understand the context of hydropower, we provide the political context of energy development in Chile. Interactions between hydropower generation and Chilean river ecosystems with special reference to native Chilean fish fauna are outlined. Three case studies are presented that considers: (a) habitat alteration downstream of the Rucúe Dam, (b) the effects of daily hydropeaking in the Biobío River, and (c) mitigation strategies to reduce habitat alteration upstream of the San Pedro Dam. These case studies illustrate the expanding scientific knowledge on Chilean riverine landscapes. Finally, new measures to reduce ecosystem impacts of hydropower development on native Chilean fish communities are outlined. Although specific scientific information is available, developing regional ecohydrological models and improving knowledge of ecosystem and sustainability science is required. The scientific approach on which solutions are sought to address present and future river ecosystem problems in Chile are inherently interdisciplinary nature.
Photocatalytic Nanoparticulate ZrxTi1‐xO2 Coatings with Controlled Homogeneity of Elemental Composition
Authors: Cheng Khley , Chhor Khay , Passarello Jean‐Philippe , Colbeau‐Justin Christophe , Kanaev Andrei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe mixed oxide ZrxTi1‐xO2 nanoparticulate photocatalysts of different compositions (0≤x≤1) were prepared via sol‐gel method in a rapid micromixing reactor followed by chemical colloid deposition on borosilicate glass beads, drying and heat treatment at temperatures between 400 to 650 °C. The point‐like reaction conditions in the regime of low Damköhler numbers resulted in nucleation of size‐selected reactive zirconium‐titanium oxo‐alkoxy (ZTOA) nanoparticles from zirconium (IV) propoxide and titanium (IV) isopropoxide precursors, which enable strong covalent bonds with hydrophilic supports. The ZTOA nanoparticles with compositions 0≤x≤0.2 convert after a heat treatment to nanoporous monocrystals in distorted anatase phase. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared nanoparticulate coatings on gaseous ethylene decomposition attained maximum at x=0.043 after heat treatment at 500 °C, which was two times higher than that of pure anatase TiO2. A net correlation between the material photocatalytic activity and amplitude of the slow power decay of photoinduced charges was observed. A model is proposed explaining the power law decay by a thermal release of the localised charges from shallow surface Urbach states. The number density of these states is connected to the specific surface area of the photocatalyst.
Binder–Free Nanotubular Hetero‐Structured Anodes of α–Fe2O3 (Hematite) and TiN for Li–Ion Battery
Authors: Nam Hochul , Bae Changdeuck , Shin Hyunjung 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHematite (α‐Fe2O3) has attracted considerable attention as an anode material due to its high theoretical capacity (1,007 mAhg−1), low cost, and non‐toxicity. The conversion reaction, which often leads to the pulverization of hematite and degradation of electrochemical performances (e. g., capacity retention, high rate capability), is also found in hematite as Fe2O3 + 6Li+ + 6e– → 2Fe + Li2O. Here, we synthesized nanotubular hetero‐structures using α‐Fe2O3 and TiN via atomic layer deposition (ALD) without any binders. The initial reversible charge capacity of Fe2O3@TiN nanotubes (NTs) was 952 mAhg−1 with a retention of 673 mAhg−1 after 30 cycles. Porous Fe2O3 NTs with conductive TiN NTs exhibited enhanced electrochemical performances when used as an anode material.
Visible Light Irradiation: A Green‐Pathway‐Promoted Pseudo Four Component Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3,2‐de][1,6]naphthyridine Derivatives under Mild, and Catalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Mohammadi Hadi , Shaterian Hamid Reza 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA mild, highly efficient and one‐pot, pseudo four component synthesis of chromeno[4,3,2‐de] [1,6] naphthyridine derivatives under visible light irradiation and catalyst‐free conditions in water as green solvent is described. The reported synthesis is the first example of visible light induced synthesis of chromeno [4,3,2‐ de] [1,6] naphthyridine from 2′‐hydroxyacetephenone derivatives (1 mmol), malononitrile (2 mmol), and aromatic aldehydes (1 mmol) in environmentally benign reaction conditions, operational simplicity, cost effectiveness, short reaction times, high atom economy, clean reaction conditions, and excellent yields that making it a genuinely sustainable to fulfill the parameters of green chemistry.
[Fe3O4@SiO2@(CH2)3im]C6F5O as a New Hydrophilic and Task‐Specific Nanomagnetic Catalyst: Application for Synthesis of β‐Azido Alcohols and Thiiranes under Mild and Green Conditions
Authors: Afsar Javad , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Khazaei Ardeshir 
Published: October 2018

Abstract[Fe3O4@SiO2@(CH2)3im]C6F5O was designed, synthesized and characterized by various techniques such as Fourier transform spectroscopy infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction patterns (XRD), Field scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The described novel hydrophilic nanomagnetic particles were applied as an efficient and reusable catalyst in the ring opening of epoxides using sodium azide for the preparation of β‐azido alcohols. Conversion of epoxides to their thiiranes in water by using potassium thiocyanate in the presence of a catalytic amount of mentioned nanomagnetic catalyst was also carried out.
Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Peptidomimetic Triazoles from Biomass‐Derived 5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural
Authors: Salim Kunnummal Mangott Muhammed , Shamsiya Aranhikkal , Damodaran Bahulayan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn easy and green synthetic approach to functional peptidomimetics starting from a biomass‐derived platform chemical 5‐(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) is described. The overall protocol involves four synthetic steps in which the key step is an intermolecular [3+2] azide‐alkyne click cycloaddition between alkyne functionalized heterocyclic privileged scaffolds and CMF‐azide. The alkyne functionalized heterocyclic scaffolds were obtained from multicomponent coupling reactions (MCRs) and the azide scaffold was derived from biomass source. The peptidomimetics thus obtained showed excellent fluorescent properties with large Stoke's shift comparable to commercial fluorophores. The drug property descriptors of the peptidomimetics are also promising and are well within the limits of Lipinski's rule of five.
Merocyanines of Non‐Activated Spiropyrans: Generation and Spectrokinetic Studies
Authors: Joseph Pradeepruban , Kundu Kshama , Kundu Pintu K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhoto‐induced generation of merocyanines from the corresponding spiropyrans having strong para‐electron withdrawing groups could be observed with naked eyes and conventional UV‐visible spectroscopy. But absence of such groups or presence of weak electron withdrawing groups make the molecular switch a non‐activated system towards photoisomerization. And thus the colored photo‐merocyanine isomers of non‐activated spiropyrans could be monitored exclusively by ultrafast spectroscopy. Here, we describe a novel way of generating metastable merocyanines of non‐activated spiropyrans ‐ via dilution of the corresponding protonated isomers in suitable solvent systems. And studied the thermal kinetics of the colored isomers at an observable time scale via conventional spectroscopy. Protonated merocyanines of non‐activated spiropyrans with a butyl sulfonate group on the nitrogen of the indoline moiety upon dilution with polar aprotic solvents, such as DMF produce the corresponding colored merocyanines with sufficiently high accumulation so that it could easily be detected by human eyes and UV‐visible spectroscopy. Whereas, dilution of the same protonated merocyanines with moderately polar solvents like acetone provide no detectable merocyanine formation. Although acid dissociation at higher dilution seems obvious, but selection of proper solvent is the key factor. Notably, BIPS‐photoacids are known to exist predominantly as undissociated protonated merocyanines in water and methanol.
A Protein Biosynthesis Machinery Strategy for Identifying P53PTC‐Rescuing Compounds as Synergic Anti‐Tumor Drugs
Authors: Zhou Jingjing , Qiu Chengbin , Pi Ni , Li Sicong , Cheng Xiyao , Zhang Lei , Chen Yao , Huang Yongqi , Sun Yuhui , Su Zhengding 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe readthrough of premature termination codons (PTCs) is a promising strategy for curing PTC‐causing diseases. In cancers, the p53 anti‐tumor activity is often disabled by forming premature terminated p53 protein (p53PTC). Currently, there are lack of p53PTC‐rescuing drugs. Herein we designed a feasible strategy for identifying p53PTC‐rescuing compounds using protein biosynthesis machinery in E. coli cells and the lung cancer H1299 cells both harboring p53PTC‐GFP fusion protein expression cassettes. Rescued p53PTC protein enabled a GFP‐tag for fluorescence spectroscopic measurements. Our data revealed that the aminoglycoside G418 not only efficiently rescued p53PTC in H1299 cells, but also synergistically enhanced the efficacy of antitumor drug doxorubicin. Our work gave an insight into the discovery of p53PTC‐rescuing drugs for cancer therapy.
Genetics of autosomal recessive intellectual disability
Authors: Jamra Rami 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In the last few years, next-generation sequencing has led to enormous progress in deciphering monogenic forms of intellectual disability. Autosomal dominant intellectual disability (ADID) and X chromosomal intellectual disability (XLID) have been the focus of research. Apart from metabolic disorders, autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID) is still behind, probably because it is more heterogeneous and less prevalent in industrial populations. The prevalence of ARID in a cohort of affected children of an outbred population is estimated to be about 10%, with an upward tendency in still unclarified cases. The risk for ARID in children of first cousins or closer is a magnitude higher than for children of unrelated parents. Taken together, it seems that children of related parents are at a 2 to 3 times higher risk for ID. There are no prevalent ARID genes, pathways, or protein complexes and the functions of the affected proteins are very diverse and limited not only to neurological aspects. Thus, in a regular case, there is no reasoning for picking a few genes for a first diagnostic step, and a genetic diagnosis of ID in general, and ARID specifically, is better made using large panels or exome sequencing. In addition, in the last few months, evidence has been growing that many ARID genes are pleiotropic and that the resulting phenotypes may have a broad spectrum. For an exhaustive deciphering of the genetics of ARID, we suggest research at the level of single genes rather than large meta-analyses.
Is a “straight to test” strategy a pragmatic alternative to the conventional two-week wait referral pathway for colorectal cancer in an ethnically diverse hospital catchment area? A single-centre case series
Authors: Katifi Hannah N. , Slesser Alistair AP. , Roden Lorna , Patel Trushma , Agarwal Tushar 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
In a climate of rising pressure to ameliorate cancer services, a “straight to test” (STT) model whereby two-week wait (TWW) colorectal referrals undergo an investigative procedure prior to an outpatient assessment has been explored as a method to expedite the clinical pathway. We aim to evaluate the potential for its application in an ethnically diverse region and assess whether this model improves the time to diagnosis compared to the conventional route.

Presentation of cases:
Between September and October 2016, we performed a prospective comparative case series of 132 consecutive TWW colorectal referrals to a district general hospital. Following a two-stage triage process, 24 patients were allocated to a STT group and 108 patients were assessed in clinic first. The times to the first investigation, endoscopic procedure and established diagnosis were compared between the two groups.

Discussion:
The median time to the first investigation was 13.5 days in the STT group versus 24 days in the non-STT group (p < 0.001). A diagnosis was established at a median time of 14 days for the STT group versus 25 days in the non-STT group (p < 0.001). 62/132 (47%) of all TWW referrals were excluded from STT owing to language barriers and medical grounds.

Conclusion:
A STT approach minimises the time from TWW referral to investigations and diagnosis for patients with suspected colorectal cancer. Application of a STT model may be limited by local population factors including language issues and a high prevalence of medical comorbidity.

Highlights:
Food- and diet-based validations of a Nestlé Nutrient Profiling System for reformulation in two nationally representative surveys
Authors: Vieux Florent , Privet Lisa , Masset Gabriel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) has been developed to guide food and beverage reformulation. The WHO published guidelines to develop and validate nutrient profiling systems. The objective was to conduct validation tests of the NNPS following principles of the WHO guidelines. French (Individual and National Survey on food Consumption 2006–2007) and the USA (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011–2012) nationally representative dietary surveys were used. NNPS outcomes (PASS, FAIL, out-of-scope) of foods were compared with the validated UK Ofcom nutrient profiling system outcomes. Contributions of NNPS outcomes to energy intakes were compared between diets nutritional quality classes defined by two methods: based on a food-based quality indicator (Programme National Nutrition Santé Guideline Score in France, Healthy Eating Index 2010 in the USA) or on a combination of three nutrient-based indicators (mean adequacy ratio, mean excess ratio and energy density). In both countries, food items with a NNPS FAIL outcome had a lower nutritional quality according to the UK Ofcom, with an overall agreement between the two systems of 75·7 % in France and 68·8 % in the USA. In both countries, a high (respectively, low) contribution of NNPS PASS (respectively, NNPS FAIL) was positively associated with diet healthiness. Absolute associations were stronger between the contribution of NNPS FAIL products and measures of diet healthiness. Foods and beverages reaching NNPS standards appeared to have a higher nutritional quality and would be more likely to contribute to healthier diets, mainly linked to a reduction of nutrients to limit.