bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Descendant Bargain: Latina Youth Remaking Kinship and Generation through Educational Sibcare in Nashville, Tennessee
Authors: Flores Andrea 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTOlder sisters in Latino, immigrant‐origin families in the United States bear significant caretaking responsibilities for their siblings, especially regarding their siblings’ educations. Young women in Nashville, Tennessee, frame their same‐generation caretaking commitments and educational expectations for their siblings in intergenerational terms—what I term the descendant bargain. This intergenerational framing reveals how elder sisters position their siblingship—and their educational carework—as vital to forging socioeconomic mobility and kinship obligations, labor often understood as the domain of parents. Youthful siblings’ educational carework is a critical kinship practice that demonstrates the central role of youth in making kinship and remaking genealogical generation in immigrant families. [kinship, immigration, siblingship, care, United States]
Human tissue kallikrein 1 ameliorates erectile function via modulation of macroautophagy in aged transgenic rats
Authors: Tang Z. , Cui K. , Luan Y. , Ruan Y. , Wang T. , Yang J. , Wang S. , Liu J. , Wang D. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPreviously, we have demonstrated that human tissue kallikrein 1 (hKLK1) improves age‐related erectile dysfunction (ED). Autophagy has been implicated in age‐related diseases, including ED. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying hKLK1‐mediated amelioration of age‐related ED via regulation of autophagy remains unknown. To explore the potential mechanism, male wild‐type Sprague‐Dawley rats (WTR) and transgenic rats harboring human KLK1 (TGR) were bred till 4 or 18 months of age and divided into three groups: young WTR (yWTR) as the control group, aged WTR (aWTR) group, and aged TGR (aTGR) group. The erectile function of each rat was evaluated using cavernous nerve electrostimulation. The ratio of intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) and total ICP were also measured. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to detect the levels of autophagy. The expression levels of related signaling pathways were determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We found that hKLK1 improved the impaired erectile function of aged rats. Compared to the yWTR and aTGR groups, the aWTR group showed reduced smooth muscle/collagen ratio, fewer autophagosomes, and lower expression of Beclin 1 and LC3‐II, which indicate impaired smooth muscle function and low level of autophagy in the smooth muscle cells. Moreover, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which is considered to be a negative regulator of autophagy, was upregulated in the aWTR group. hKLK1 may partially restore erectile function in aged transgenic rats by upregulating protective autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. These observations indicate that hKLK1 is a potential gene therapy candidate for age‐related ED.
Association of QRS‐T angle and heart rate variability with major cardiac events and mortality in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Poulikakos Dimitrios , Hnatkova Katerina , Banerjee Debasish , Malik Marek 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionMortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients is high with significant proportion attributed to fatal arrhythmias. In a pilot study, we showed that intradialytic electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring can yield stable profiles of selected repolarisation descriptors and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. This study investigated the relationship of these ECG markers with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and mortality.MethodsContinuous ECGs were obtained during HD and repeated five times at 2‐week intervals. The QRS‐T angle calculated as Total Cosine R to T (TCRT) and T‐wave morphology dispersion (TMD) were calculated in overlapping 10 s ECG segments. High‐ (HF) and low (LF)‐frequency components and the LF/HF ratio of HRV were calculated every 5 min. These indices were averaged during the first hour of dialysis and subsequently overall recordings in each subject.ResultsAll ECG parameters were available in 72 patients aged 61 ± 15, 23 (31.9%) females and 26 (36.1%) diabetics. After a median follow up of 54.8 months, 16 patients died, 20 were transplanted, and 9 suffered MACE. TCRT (in degrees) was higher and LF/HF was lower in patients who died compared to survivors (112 ± 30 vs. 73 ± 35, p = 0.000 and 0.222 ± 0.418 vs. 0.401 ± 0.274, p = 0.000, respectively) and in MACE positive compared to negative (117 ± 40 vs. 77 ± 34, p = 0.017 and 0.125 ± 0.333 vs.0.401 ± 0.274, p = 0.007 respectively). In multivariate Cox regression analysis of mortality risk adjusted for age, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease, TCRT and LF/HF remained significant predictors (p < 0.05).ConclusionQRS‐T angle and HRV may serve risk assessment in future prospective studies in HD patients.
Muscle PGC‐1α in exercise and fasting‐induced regulation of hepatic UPR in mice
Authors: Kristensen Caroline Maag , Jessen Henrik , Ringholm Stine , Pilegaard Henriette 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo provide a detailed time course of hepatic autophagy and all UPR branches in response to an acute bout of exercise and 24 hours of fasting and test the hypothesis that muscle‐specific PGC‐1α overexpression dampens the UPR and autophagy responses to these metabolic challenges.MethodsMuscle‐specific PGC‐1α overexpression (TG) and wild‐type (WT) mice (a) performed a single bout of exercise, where the liver was obtained immediately after exercise, 2, 6 or 10 hours into recovery as well as from resting mice or (b) fasted for 24 hours or remained fed and the liver was obtained.ResultsIn both genotypes, hepatic PERK and eIF2α phosphorylation increased immediately after exercise, with no change in IRE1α phosphorylation and cleaved ATF6 protein. Fasting decreased PERK, eIF2α and IRE1α phosphorylation as well as increased cleaved ATF6 protein in both genotypes. Hepatic p62 was unchanged, while LC3II/LC3I ratio increased immediately after exercise and LC3II protein increased in response to fasting in both genotypes. TG mice had lower eIF2α phosphorylation after exercise, a blunted fasting‐induced CHOP and HSP72 mRNA response and in fasted mice lower GADD34 and BiP mRNA as well as FAS protein in the liver than WT mice.ConclusionThis study provides for the first time evidence for transient pathway‐specific activation of hepatic UPR and increase in markers of autophagy in the liver with acute exercise. On the other hand, fasting both increased and decreased UPR branches and seemed to increase autophagy. In addition, muscle PGC‐1α seemed to dampen some of these responses.
Atypical Antipsychotic Administration in Schizophrenic Patients Leads to Elevated Lipoprotein‐Associated Phospholipase A2 Levels and Increased Cardiovascular Risk: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shen Hong , Wu Danyang , Wang Shanshan , Zhao Mengjie , Sun Wenbo , Zhu Xiaozhou , Zhang Ning , Yao Hui , Cui Qing , Xiao Hong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is higher in patients with schizophrenia than in the general population. We aimed to investigate whether atypical antipsychotics (AAP) increase the levels of lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2), thereby increasing the risk of CVD. The data were from inpatients aged 18–60 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to ICD‐10 at the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University who underwent physical examination between 1 October 2014 and 30 September 2016. A retrospective cohort study was used to analyse the correlation between AAP, Lp‐PLA2 levels and the CVD risk (it was determined that Lp‐PLA2 values >200 ng/mL were defined as high CVD risk) in patients treated with monotherapy, olanzapine, clozapine or quetiapine. Data were collected for 452 patients with eligible schizophrenia: 163 treated with clozapine, 186 treated with olanzapine, 47 treated with quetiapine and 56 receiving no medication. Compared with the no‐medication patients, AAP administration in patients with olanzapine, clozapine or quetiapine had higher serum Lp‐PLA2 levels when age, sex, BMI and fasting glucose level were matched. AAP were significantly associated with serum Lp‐PLA2 level by Spearman's correlation coefficients. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that AAP administration was an independent factor of CVD risk when adjusted by potential confounding factors. This study is the first to confirm that AAP administration, especially clozapine and olanzapine, could increase Lp‐PLA2 levels and CVD risk, independent of drug‐induced weight gain in schizophrenia. The extent and the factors of increasing Lp‐PLA2 level and CVD risk in olanzapine, clozapine and quetiapine are discrepant. The possible effects of AAP on Lp‐PLA2 in schizophrenia patients are involved in pro‐inflammatory cytokines and hormones.
Psychosocial distress and desire for support among skin cancer patients – impact of treatment setting
Authors: Buchhold Britta , Lutze Stine , Arnold Andreas , Jülich Andreas , Daeschlein Georg , Wendler Martin , Juenger Michael , Hannich Hans‐Joachim 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundDiagnosis and treatment of malignancies are frequently associated with a variety of problems for affected individuals and their relatives. In order to ensure adequate psycho‐oncological and social care, it is recommended to routinely assess patients’ psychosocial distress. While psychosocial services for inpatients have been expanded in recent years, the outpatient care structure in terms of psycho‐oncological support is far from satisfactory, especially in Mecklenburg‐Western Pomerania.We therefore set out to investigate the following questions: Does the need for psychosocial care vary in relation to (a) the treatment setting (inpatients vs. outpatients) and (b) the diagnosis? (c) Do patients experiencing psychological distress desire support?Patients and MethodsWe asked both inpatients and outpatients to rate their psychosocial situation using the Hornheide Questionnaire. Patients were also asked about their desire for psychological support and the preferred contact person.Results(a) The treatment setting had no impact on the need for psychosocial care and the desire for support. (b) Depending on the type of skin cancer, there were significant differences in the need for such care among the 251 patients surveyed. (c) Despite a certain discrepancy, there was a significant correlation between psychosocial distress (39.0 %; n = 98/251) and desire for support (14.3 %; n = 35/245). (d) Patients experiencing distress primarily chose physicians (n = 21) and psychologists (n = 20) as potential contact persons.Conclusions(1) In addition to the level of distress, the desire for support should be inquired. (2) Recommendations by physicians represent an important means of access to psycho‐oncological services. (3) Services for outpatient support should be expanded.
Diurnal profile of interstitial glucose following dexamethasone prophylaxis for chemotherapy treatment of gynaecological cancer
Authors: Lyall M. J. , Thethy I. , Steven L. , MacKean M. , Nussey F. , Sakala M. , Rye T. , Strachan M. W. J. , Dover A. R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsHyperglycaemia, a side‐effect of acute glucocorticoid exposure, is associated with poor outcome in those undergoing chemotherapy. The incidence, risk factors and diurnal profile of glucocorticoid‐induced glucose dysregulation in the context of chemotherapy treatment remain incompletely understood.MethodsBlinded continuous interstitial glucose monitoring was performed on 16 women without diabetes for 24 h prior to and 5 days following carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy combined with dexamethasone treatment for gynaecological cancer. At the end of the treatment period, glucose data were analysed and integrated with baseline metabolic and anthropomorphic variables.Results15/16 (94%) women exhibited elevated glucose levels (> 11.1 mmol/l). Peak glucose levels were highest on the day of treatment (median 14.45 mmol/l, range 10.2–22.2 mmol/l) and total time spent with an elevated interstitial glucose level was highly variable (median 3.6 h, range 0.0–55.1 h). Peak interstitial glucose levels occurred predominantly, but not exclusively, in the afternoon (13.00–15.00) and evening (19.00–22.00); however elevated levels were noted throughout the 24‐h period. Baseline HbA1c was independently associated with severity and duration of elevated glucose levels in a regression adjusted for baseline BMI.ConclusionsThese data report for the first time that high glucose levels are encountered by nearly all women following this regimen, the severity and duration of which are independently associated with HbA1c. Further work is required to determine if controlling glucose levels during treatment influences outcome.
Lessons learned from lifestyle prevention trials in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Egan A. M. , Simmons D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes for mother and infant both at birth and later in life. A large body of evidence is now available relating to antenatal prevention of GDM. Overall, despite some individual trials of a variety of lifestyle interventions revealing benefit, many more have shown no effect from the second trimester onwards, even with significant gestational weight gain limitation. At‐risk women often seem reluctant to engage in lifestyle changes and frequently cannot adhere to recommended interventions even within a clinical trial setting. Many trials have not considered the heterogeneity of diabetes first discovered in pregnancy, something of importance into the future. Future work should focus on designing interventions acceptable to the population at risk, whether those taking place before or during the first trimester of pregnancy are effective, and whether greater individualization can identify those women most likely to benefit.
Interventions and social functioning in youth at risk of psychosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Devoe Daniel J. , Farris Megan S. , Townes Parker , Addington Jean 
Published: June 2018

AimYouth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis often exhibit difficulties in social functioning and poorer social functioning may be predictive of transition to a psychotic disorder. Therefore, the primary objective of this systematic review was to summarize the impact of all interventions on social functioning in CHR samples.MethodElectronic databases PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, EBM, and MEDLINE were searched from 1951 to June 2017. Studies were selected if they included any intervention that reported changes in social functioning in youth at CHR. Data were evaluated using random effects pairwise meta‐analyses, stratified by time, and reported as the standardized mean difference (SMD).ResultsNineteen studies met our inclusion criteria, including a total of 1513 CHR participants. The mean age was 20.5 years and 47% were male. Cognitive behavioural therapy (4 studies) did not significantly improve social functioning at 6 months (SMD = 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.35, 0.46), 12 months (SMD = −0.15; 95% CI = –0.38, 0.08) and 18 months (SMD = 0.20; 95% CI = −0.10, 0.50). Omega‐3 (2 studies) did not significantly improve social functioning at 6 months (SMD = 0.01; 95% CI = −0.21, 0.24) and 12 months (SMD = −0.08; 95% CI = −0.33, 0.17). Lastly, cognitive remediation (3 studies) did not significantly improve social functioning at 2‐ to 3‐month follow‐up (SMD = 0.13, 95% CI = –0.18, 0.43).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis demonstrated that no treatment significantly improved social functioning in youth at CHR. Future randomized control trials are required that are designed to target and improve social functioning in youth at CHR for psychosis.
Animal Sound Identifier (ASI): software for automated identification of vocal animals
Authors: Ovaskainen Otso , Moliterno de Camargo Ulisses , Somervuo Panu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAutomated audio recording offers a powerful tool for acoustic monitoring schemes of bird, bat, frog and other vocal organisms, but the lack of automated species identification methods has made it difficult to fully utilise such data. We developed Animal Sound Identifier (ASI), a MATLAB software that performs probabilistic classification of species occurrences from field recordings. Unlike most previous approaches, ASI locates training data directly from the field recordings and thus avoids the need of pre‐defined reference libraries. We apply ASI to a case study on Amazonian birds, in which we classify the vocalisations of 14 species in 194 504 one‐minute audio segments using in total two weeks of expert time to construct, parameterise, and validate the classification models. We compare the classification performance of ASI (with training templates extracted automatically from field data) to that of monitoR (with training templates extracted manually from the Xeno‐Canto database), the results showing ASI to have substantially higher recall and precision rates.
Physiological and genomic signatures of evolutionary thermal adaptation in redband trout from extreme climates
Authors: Chen Zhongqi , Farrell Anthony P. , Matala Amanda , Hoffman Nicholas , Narum Shawn R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTemperature is a master environmental factor that limits the geographical distribution of species, especially in ectotherms. To address challenges in biodiversity conservation under ongoing climate change, it is essential to characterize relevant functional limitations and adaptive genomic content at population and species levels. Here, we present evidence for adaptive divergence in cardiac function and genomic regions in redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) populations from desert and montane streams. Cardiac phenotypes of individual fish were measured in the field with a custom‐built electrocardiogram apparatus. Maximum heart rate and its rate limiting temperature during acute warming were significantly higher in fish that have evolved in the extreme of a desert climate compared to a montane climate. Association mapping with 526,301 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome revealed signatures of thermal selection both within and among ecotypes. Among desert and montane populations, 435 SNPs were identified as putative outliers under natural selection and 20 of these loci showed significant association with average summer water temperatures among populations. Phenotypes for cardiac performance were variable within each ecotype, and 207 genomic regions were strongly associated with either maximum heart rate or rate limiting temperatures among individuals. Annotation of significant loci provided candidate genes that underlie thermal adaptation, including pathways associated with cardiac function (IRX5, CASQ1, CAC1D, and TITIN), neuroendocrine system (GPR17 and NOS), and stress response (SERPH). By integrating comparative physiology and population genomics, results here advance our knowledge on evolutionary processes of thermal adaptation in aquatic ectotherms.
Laboratory apparatus for in‐situ corrosion fatigue testing and characterisation of fatigue cracks using X‐ray micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Farhad F. , Smyth‐Boyle D. , Zhang X. , Wallis I. , Panggabean D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the design, construction, and assembly of laboratory apparatus to undertake in‐situ corrosion fatigue tests in a sour corrosive environment under uniaxial fatigue loading. The bespoke test cell allows periodic nondestructive X‐ray micro‐computed tomography of the specimen in‐situ during fatigue testing and thus enables monitoring of material degradation in‐situ as it progresses and in particular the pit‐to‐crack transition. This approach provides more direct information on crack initiation than complementary ex‐situ techniques such as scanning electron microscopy of post‐test metallographic specimens. Moreover, the apparatus was designed to allow a fatigue cycle to be interrupted and maintain the sample under static tensile load, during X‐ray tomography scans. This process reduced the risk of premature crack closure during interrupted tests. Results presented herein demonstrate the performance and reliability of our approach and will hopefully stimulate other groups to use similar “lab‐scale” initiatives.
Critical Reflections on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the Criminal Justice System: Swedish Female Ex‐Offenders’ Narratives of Diagnosis
Authors: ÖSTERMAN LINNÉA ANNA MARGARETA 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecent years have seen an emerging link between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and criminal behaviour. Sweden is a leader in this field of research, and high levels of ADHD are reported in the Swedish criminal justice system. The aetiology of the condition, however, remains unclear and there is definite ambivalence in the literature regarding both diagnosis and treatments. Offering a unique qualitative perspective on the role of ADHD diagnoses, this article critically explores female first‐hand narratives of ADHD in the Swedish criminal justice system. A number of diagnostic functions are proposed; (i) on the individual level – via a rationalised explanatory framework of behaviour; (ii) on a societal level – with attention effectively being deflected from social and environmental contexts; (iii) on an institutional level – linked to the medicalised management of offender populations, and lastly; (iv) on a broader market level – including huge pharmaceutical interests in a relentlessly expanding ‘treatment’ market.
Scleroderma‐like cutaneous lesions during treatment with paclitaxel and gemcitabine in a patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Review of literature
Authors: Verhulst Lien , Noë Esther , Morren Marie‐Anne , Verslype Chris , Van Cutsem Eric , Van den Oord Joost J. , De Haes Petra 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy‐induced skin sclerosis is generally not associated with other manifestations of systemic sclerosis. It is featured by skin sclerosis without visceral involvement (i.e., Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, and pulmonary fibrosis), temporal association with chemotherapy administration, and the absence of detectable autoantibodies. The clinical course of scleroderma‐like changes induced by paclitaxel or gemcitabine are refractory to treatment and commonly progressive, even after discontinuation of the triggering drugs.ObjectiveReport a case of scleroderma‐like cutaneous lesions during combination treatment with nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine in a patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and determine other published cases of scleroderma‐like skin changes following treatment with nab‐paclitaxel, paclitaxel, or gemcitabine through the period from 2002 to 2018.MethodsLiterature search from the year 2002 onwards using combinations of “Scleroderma” AND “paclitaxel,” AND/OR “gemcitabine.”ResultsAdditional to our case report we reviewed 14 other cases in the literature. Most of these cases share three prominent features: skin sclerosis without systemic involvement, temporal association with chemotherapy administration, and absence of detectable scleroderma‐specific autoantibodies.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first case report of scleroderma‐like cutaneous lesions during combination treatment with nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine in a patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, given the current literature, these scleroderma‐like lesions are most likely induced by nab‐paclitaxel or paclitaxel, rather than by gemcitabine.