bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cognitive Strategies on Neural Food Cue Reactivity in Adults with Overweight/Obesity
Authors: Demos McDermott Kathryn E. , Lillis Jason , McCaffery Jeanne M. , Wing Rena R. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of obesity have revealed key roles for reward‐related and inhibitory control–related activity in response to food cues. This study examines how cognitive strategies impact neural food cue reactivity.MethodsIn a within‐participants, block‐design, fMRI paradigm, 30 participants (24 women; mean BMI = 31.8) used four mind‐sets while viewing food: “distract” (cognitive behavioral therapy based), “allow” (acceptance and commitment therapy based), “later” (focusing on long‐term negative consequences), and “now” (control; focusing on immediate rewards). Participants rated cravings by noting urges to eat on four‐point Likert scales after each block.ResultsSelf‐reported cravings significantly differed among all conditions (pairwise comparisons P < 0.05). Cravings were lowest when participants considered long‐term consequences (LATER mind‐set: 1.7 [SD 0.7]), were significantly higher when participants used the DISTRACT (1.9 [SD 0.7]) and ALLOW (2.3 [SD 0.9]) mind‐sets, and were highest when participants used the NOW mind‐set (3.2 [SD 0.7]). These behavioral differences were accompanied by differences in neural food cue reactivity. The LATER mind‐set (long‐term consequences) led to greater inhibitory‐control activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The cognitive behavioral therapy–based DISTRACT mind‐set was associated with greater activity in executive function and reward‐processing areas, whereas the ALLOW mind‐set (acceptance and commitment therapy) elicited widespread activity in frontal, reward‐processing, and default‐mode regions.ConclusionsBecause focusing on negative long‐term consequences led to the greatest decrease in cravings and increased inhibitory control, this may be a promising treatment strategy for obesity.
Cross‐Sectional, Primary Care–Based Study of the Prevalence of Hypoandrogenemia in Nondiabetic Young Men with Obesity
Authors: Molina‐Vega María , Asenjo‐Plaza Maite , García‐Ruiz María Concepción , Varea‐Marineto Enrique , Casal‐Nievas Nieves , Álvarez‐Millán Juan J. , Cabezas‐Sanchez Pablo , Cardona‐Díaz Fernando , Queipo‐Ortuño María Isabel , Castellano‐Castillo Daniel , Tinahones Francisco J. , Fernández‐García José C. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveObesity‐associated hypoandrogenemia is increasing in parallel to the obesity epidemic. The prevalence of hypoandrogenemia in nondiabetic young men with obesity is not known. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypoandrogenemia and associated risk factors in this population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 266 nondiabetic men < 50 years of age with obesity who were referred from primary care. Total testosterone (high‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry), sex hormone–binding globulin, free testosterone (FT), luteinizing hormone (LH), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were determined. Body composition and erectile function were also assessed. Hypoandrogenemia was defined as FT level < 70 pg/mL.ResultsSubnormal FT concentrations were found in 25.6% of participants. Hypoandrogenemia prevalence was different along the BMI continuum, being > 75% in individuals with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2. A multivariate regression analysis indicated that increasing BMI (P < 0.001), age (P = 0.049), and reduced LH levels (P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for hypoandrogenemia.ConclusionsIn a primary care–based cohort of nondiabetic young men with obesity, hypoandrogenemia was a very prevalent finding and was directly associated with adiposity. Obesity, age, and reduced LH levels were independent risk factors associated with hypoandrogenemia. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the long‐term consequences of hypoandrogenemia in this population.
Examining the Impact of Estrogen on Binge Feeding, Food‐Motivated Behavior, and Body Weight in Female Rats
Authors: Brutman Julianna N. , Sirohi Sunil , Davis Jon F. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveBinge‐eating disorder is associated with diminished self‐control, emotional distress, and obesity. In this context, women are nearly twice as likely to develop binge‐eating disorder and depression relative to men. Here, the physiological, psychological, and endocrine parameters were characterized in female rats subjected to a binge‐eating protocol.MethodsNonrestricted female Long Evans rats (n = 8/group) received 2‐hour restricted access to a high‐fat diet (HFD) (4.54 kcal/g) every day or every third day. The progression of estrous cycling, the functional relevance of estrogen signaling for binge feeding, and binge‐induced changes in food motivation were measured.ResultsFemale rats developed a binge pattern of feeding that included alternation between caloric overconsumption and compensatory voluntary restriction without impacting estrous cycling. Notably, rats that received daily HFD exposure progressively decreased binge meals. Estrogen replacement in normal cycling or ovariectomized rats mimicked the reduction in body weight in female rats that received daily HFD access. Operant responding was unaffected by binge feeding; however, estrogen augmented operant performance in HFD‐exposed rats.ConclusionsCollectively, these data suggest that estrogen protects against binge‐induced increases in body weight gain without affecting food motivation in female rats.
Effect of Meal Acceptability on Postprandial Appetite Scores and Hormones of Male Participants with Varied Adiposity
Authors: El Helou Nehmat , Obeid Omar A. , Olabi Ammar 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThis study portrays the effect of hedonic manipulation (high acceptability [HA] vs. low acceptability [LA]) on postprandial hormones and appetite scores in healthy males.MethodsThirty participants (15 with normal weight and 15 with obesity) were recruited for a randomized, crossover design. They were randomly assigned to the HA or LA (with acesulfame‐K) custard. Blood samples were drawn before the meals and for 4 hours after the meals and were analyzed for glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and glucagonlike peptide 1 (GLP‐1). Appetite scores and subsequent energy intake were recorded.ResultsPostprandial glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were different according to adiposity, whereas meal acceptability did not correspond to any significant difference in postprandial glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and GLP‐1 concentrations. Appetite scores showed lower hunger, higher satiety, and fullness after the HA meal without a significant difference between the meals. Subsequent energy intake, expressed as a percentage of the resting energy expenditure, was higher in participants with obesity but did not reflect postprandial hormones and appetite scores; there was no significant difference between meals.ConclusionsHedonic properties and palatability do not affect gut hormones, mainly ghrelin and GLP‐1. Moreover, their postprandial concentrations were not paralleled by similar changes in appetite scores, and both were not found to affect subsequent intake.
Prevalence of hyperfiltration among US youth/young adults with overweight and obesity: A population‐based association study
Authors: Turer Christy B. , Baum Michel , Dubourg Laurence , Selistre Luciano S. , Skinner Asheley C. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryObjectiveDetermine prevalence of hyperfiltration (high estimated glomerular filtration rate "eGFR" >95th percentile for age/sex) among youth and association with BMI classification.MethodsWith the use of 1999 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 12‐ to 29‐year‐olds, data for serum creatinine and thresholds for high eGFR were normed using a metabolically healthy subsample (no albuminuria, healthy weights, normal blood pressures, blood glucoses, lipids, and liver enzymes). Logistic regression examined the association of BMI classification (healthy weight, overweight, and obesity classes 1‐3) with hyperfiltration (eGFR > 95th percentile for age/sex), adjusted for diabetes and other covariates.ResultsOf 12‐ to 29‐year‐olds (N = 18 698), 27.4% (n = 5493) met criteria for entry into the "healthy subsample" and contributed data to derive normative values for serum creatinine/hyperfiltration thresholds. In the full sample, hyperfiltration prevalence in 12‐ to 29‐year‐olds classified as healthy‐weight, overweight, and obesity classes 1 to 3 was 4.9%, 4.7%, 6.5%, 8.7%, and 11.8%, respectively (P < .001). In multivariable analysis, obesity classes 2 and 3 were associated with greater likelihood of hyperfiltration (adjusted ORs for class 2: 1.5, 95% CI, 1.1‐2.1; and for class 3, 2.1, 95% CI, 1.5‐2.9). Diabetes also was associated with hyperfiltration (AOR, 4.0; 95% CI, 2.2‐7.4).ConclusionObesity classes 2 to 3 are associated with hyperfiltration in youth. Age/sex‐specific norms for creatinine and hyperfiltration thresholds may aid recognition of kidney dysfunction early.
Quality evaluation of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos based on simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents combined with multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Cai Zhichen , Wang Chengcheng , Chen Cuihua , Zou Lisi , Chai Chuan , Chen Jiali , Tan Mengxia , Liu Xunhong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionLonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) and Lonicerae Flos (LF) belong to different genera of Caprifoliaceae. They have been historically utilised as herbal medicine to treat various diseases. However, the comprehensive assessment of them still remains a challenge.ObjectiveTo develop a comprehensive method of ultra‐fast liquid chromatography‐tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC‐QTRAP‐MS/MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis for the quality evaluation and reveal differential components of LJF and LF.MethodologyA validated UFLC‐QTRAP‐MS/MS method was established for simultaneous determination of 50 constituents, including 12 organic acids, 12 flavonoids, 6 iridoids, 3 saponins, 13 amino acids and 4 nucleosides. The obtained data were employed to multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component anlysis (PCA) and partial least squares determinant analysis (PLS‐DA) were performed to classify and reveal differential components of samples; grey relational analysis (GRA) was introduced to assess the samples according to the contents of 50 constituents by calculating the relative correlation degree of each sample.ResultsFifty constituents were simultaneously determined of LJF and LF. Based on obtained data, PCA and PLS‐DA were easy to distinguish samples and the classification of the samples was related to 11 chemical constituents. GRA implied the quality of LJF was better, and that the flower buds were superior to the flowers. Moreover, organic acids are the main components of samples.ConclusionThis study not only established a method of simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents in LJF and LF, but provided comprehensive information on the quality control of them. The developed method is conducive to distinguish orthologues or paralogues of them, and supply the support for “heterologous effects”.
Biocompatible polymers via aqueous electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Michieletto Alessandro , Lorandi Francesca , De Bon Francesco , Isse Abdirisak Ahmed , Gennaro Armando 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe preparation of well‐defined polymers via aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is challenging due to the high activity and limited stability of ATRP catalysts in water. Optimized conditions previously reported for the ATRP of some water‐soluble monomers cannot be regarded as universal conditions. Indeed, well‐controlled electrochemically mediated ATRP (eATRP) of oligo(ethylene oxide)methyl ether acrylate (OEOA) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were achieved by adjusting the conditions in relation to the solubility and reactivity of these monomers and corresponding polymers. Importantly, PEOA with low dispersity and predetermined molecular weight was obtained even with low catalyst loading and high monomer content (up to 50 vol %). Moreover, >90% conversion of HEMA was obtained within 6–7 h, giving PHEMA with dispersity 1.2–1.3. This work confirms eATRP as a versatile, clean technique applicable to a range of water‐soluble, biocompatible monomers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 114–123
Seasonal fluctuations in psychological distress amongst women diagnosed with early breast cancer receiving radiotherapy
Authors: Pidduck William , Wan Bo Angela , Zhang Liying , Chow Selina , Yee Caitlin , Chan Stephanie , Drost Leah , Sousa Philomena , Lewis Donna , Lam Henry , Leung Eric , Chow Edward 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveSeasonal effects on patients diagnosed with depression/anxiety‐related psychological disorders have varying impacts on symptom severity. Seasonal changes in psychological distress may be due to decreased daylight exposure during the fall/winter seasons. Patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) for early‐stage invasive breast cancer (EIBC) are at high risk for developing depressive symptoms. Of interest is whether seasonal factors influence the psychological symptoms of patients being treated for EIBC.MethodsPatients treated with RT for EIBC between January 2011 and June 2017 were identified. Patients who completed at least one Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS‐r) pre‐RT and post‐RT were included in our analysis. Patients receiving RT during the autumn and winter (November‐March) were compared with patients receiving RT during the spring and summer (April‐August). Psychological distress was evaluated based on patient‐reported depression, anxiety, and overall wellbeing on the ESAS‐r. Data on systemic treatment and radiation were extracted from existing databases.ResultsEight‐four patients treated with RT in spring/summer and 102 patients treated with RT in autumn/winter were included. Patients receiving RT during spring/summer had better wellness score prior to RT, compared with those receiving RT during winter/autumn (P = .03). However, patients receiving RT in the spring/summer had worse symptom trajectories across three domains of depression, anxiety, and wellbeing (P = .03, P = .008, and P < .0001, respectively).ConclusionsSeasonality influenced the symptoms reported by patients with EIBC receiving RT. Future studies are needed to understand when during treatment patients are at highest risk for psychological distress and how seasonality may influence high‐risk periods.
Simulation of soil thermal dynamics using an artificial neural network model for a permafrost alpine meadow on the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau
Authors: Chang Juan , Wang Genxu , Guo Linmao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe thermal regime of the active layer temperature (ALT) is a key variable with which to monitor permafrost changes and to improve the precision of simulations and predictions of land surface processes. The dynamics of the active layer thermal regime can differ substantially under various land surface types and climatic conditions. The proper simulation of these different processes is essential for accurately predicting the changes in water cycles and ecosystems under a warming climate scenario. In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) forecasting model system was developed using only two accessible parameters, air and ground surface temperatures, to predict and simulate the ALT thermal regime. The model results show that the ANN model has better real‐time prediction capability than other physics‐based models and performs well at simulating and forecasting variations in soil temperature with a step size of 12 days in permafrost regions on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. The influence of an increase in air temperature on the ALT thermal regime was more intense during the thawing process than during the freezing process, and this influence decreased with an increase in soil depth.
Fabrication of Nanostructured Composite Microspheres Based on the Self‐Assembly of Polymers and Functional Nanomaterials
Authors: Yabu Hiroshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis Review examines recent developments in the morphological control of polymer microspheres fabricated via the phase separation of polymers as well as the alignment of functional nanoparticles inside microspheres prepared by so‐called bottom‐up synthesis techniques. Several methods for adjusting the internal and surface morphologies of polymer microspheres based on the phase separation of polymer blends and block copolymers are discussed, and the effects of microsphere size on phase separated structures and theoretical simulations of morphologies are also reviewed. The alignment of functional nanoparticles in phase separated polymer microspheres and applications of nanostructured and hybrid polymer microspheres are summarized.
Instability in a coiled‐coil signaling helix is conserved for signal transduction in soluble guanylyl cyclase
Authors: Weichsel Andrzej , Kievenaar Jessica A. , Curry Roslyn , Croft Jacob T. , Montfort William R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHow nitric oxide (NO) activates its primary receptor, α1/β1 soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC or GC‐1), remains unknown. Likewise, how stimulatory compounds enhance sGC activity is poorly understood, hampering development of new treatments for cardiovascular disease. NO binding to ferrous heme near the N‐terminus in sGC activates cyclase activity near the C‐terminus, yielding cGMP production and physiological response. CO binding can also stimulate sGC, but only weakly in the absence of stimulatory small‐molecule compounds, which together lead to full activation. How ligand binding enhances catalysis, however, has yet to be discovered. Here, using a truncated version of sGC from Manduca sexta, we demonstrate that the central coiled‐coil domain, the most highly conserved region of the ~150,000 Da protein, not only provides stability to the heterodimer but is also conformationally active in signal transduction. Sequence conservation in the coiled coil includes the expected heptad‐repeating pattern for coiled‐coil motifs, but also invariant positions that disfavor coiled‐coil stability. Full‐length coiled coil dampens CO affinity for heme, while shortening of the coiled coil leads to enhanced CO binding. Introducing double mutation αE447L/βE377L, predicted to replace two destabilizing glutamates with leucines, lowers CO binding affinity while increasing overall protein stability. Likewise, introduction of a disulfide bond into the coiled coil results in reduced CO affinity. Taken together, we demonstrate that the heme domain is greatly influenced by coiled‐coil conformation, suggesting communication between heme and catalytic domains is through the coiled coil. Highly conserved structural imperfections in the coiled coil provide needed flexibility for signal transduction.
Egohoods that segregate. Immigrants, social contexts, and income penalties
Authors: Zampatti Davide , Ballarino Gabriele , Squazzoni Flaminio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper looks at the causal impact of residential segregation on income among migrants in Brescia, a wealthy industrial city of about 200,000 inhabitants in North‐Eastern Italy, where almost one citizen out of five is born abroad. Using a new register‐like dataset including economic and demographic microdata from administrative sources, we geo‐localised each migrant household and created for each individual an “egohood” by imposing buffer circles with the same diameter (250 or 500 m) around his or her residential location. Within this spatial area of reference, we calculated indices of ethnic segregation and exposure to Italian natives, thus measuring the individual network of potential contacts with co‐ethnics and with Italians.Following social networks and social capital theories, we expected ethnic segregation to have a negative impact and exposure to natives to have a positive impact on income and tested our hypotheses with a set of ordinary least squares and two‐stage least squares with instrumental variables regression models. Results showed a robust and negative effect of ethnic segregation on income, whereas a small and positive effect of exposure to natives was not robust to endogeneity checks. We also found substantial heterogeneity among migrant groups defined by macroareas of origin: Exposure to Italians was found to have the expected impact only among migrants coming from Eastern Europe and from the Middle East and North Africa.
The discovery and global distribution of novel mosquito‐associated viruses in the last decade (2007‐2017)
Authors: Atoni Evans , Zhao Lu , Karungu Samuel , Obanda Vincent , Agwanda Bernard , Xia Han , Yuan Zhiming 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIn the last decade, virus hunting and discovery has gained pace. This achievement has been driven by three major factors: (a) advancements in sequencing technologies, (b) scaled‐up routine arbovirus surveillance strategies, and (c) the “hunt” for emerging pathogens and novel viruses. Many novel viruses have been discovered from a myriad of hosts, vectors, and environmental samples. To help promote understanding of the global diversity and distribution of mosquito‐associated viruses and facilitate future studies, we review mosquito‐associated viruses discovered between years 2007 and 2017, across the world. In the analyzed period, novel mosquito‐associated viruses belonging to 25 families and a general group of unclassified viruses were categorized. The top three discovered novel mosquito‐associated viruses belonged to families Flaviviridae (n=32), Rhabdoviridae (n=16), and Peribunyaviridae (n=14). Also, 67 unclassified viruses were reported. Majority of these novel viruses were identified from Culex spp, Anopheles spp, Aedes spp, and Mansonia spp mosquitoes, respectively. Notably, the number of these discovered novels is not representative of intercontinental virus diversity but rather is influenced by the number of studies done in the study period. Some of these newly discovered mosquito‐associated viruses have medical significance, either directly or indirectly. For instance, in the study period, 14 novel mosquito‐borne viruses that infect mammalian cells in vitro were reported. These viruses pose a danger to the global health security on emerging viral diseases. On the other hand, some of the newly discovered insect specific viruses described herein have potential application as future biocontrol and vaccine agents against known pathogenic arboviruses. Overall, this review outlines the crucial role played by mosquitoes as viral vectors in the global virosphere.
Caching in heterogeneous satellite networks with fountain codes
Authors: Recayte Estefanía , Lázaro Francisco , Liva Gianluigi 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate the performance of caching schemes based on fountain codes in a heterogeneous satellite network. We consider multiple cache‐aided hubs, which are connected to a geostationary satellite through backhaul links. With the aim of reducing the average number of transmissions over the satellite backhaul link, we propose the use of a caching scheme based on fountain codes. We derive a simple analytical expression of the average backhaul transmission rate and provide a tight upper bound on it. Furthermore, we show how the performance of the fountain code‐based caching scheme is similar to that of a caching scheme based on maximum distance separable codes.