bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Man's Right to be Equal: The Abortion Issue
Authors: Shalev Carmel 
Published: May 2019

The law's treatment of abortion has undergone a fundamental transformation in the present century which has been marked by a clear trend towards decriminalization of the matter vis-à-vis the abortionist and the woman. The increasing secularization of society, the advance of libertarian thinking in western democracies and the movement towards social equality for women has increasingly led to the view that the abortion decision is one which properly belongs to the private realm of the individual woman. This view has been reinforced by utilitarian arguments founded on acknowledgement of the fact that the criminal prohibition has always been evaded by a resort to illegal procedures with all the danger to the woman's health that this entails.Despite religious and moral objections based on the interest in protecting fetal life, the law has responded to pressures for the legitimization of abortion in varying degrees. In some countries abortion has been totally decriminalized and indeed made available on demand; in others decriminalization has been only partial and abortion allowed only upon a showing of cause defined by statute (abortion on cause) or only at certain stages of pregnancy.On the whole, the law has remained silent as to the status of the father in the abortion decision; in any event he was not subject to any criminal sanction.
Septin6 regulates cell growth and casein synthesis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells via mTORC1 pathway
Authors: Li Bin , Basang Zhuzha , Hu Lijun , Liu Liu , Jiang Nan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypothesis that Septin6 is a key regulatory factor influencing amino acid (AA)-mediated cell growth and casein synthesis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs). DCMECs were treated with absence of AA (AA−), restricted concentrations of AA (AAr) or normal concentrations of AA (AA+) for 24 h. Cell growth, expression of CSN2 and Septin6 were increased in response to AA supply. Overexpressing or inhibiting Septin6 demonstrated that cell growth, expression of CSN2, mTOR, p-mTOR, S6K1 and p-S6K1 were up-regulated by Septin6. Furthermore, overexpressing or inhibiting mTOR demonstrated that the increase in cell growth and expression of CSN2 in response to Septin6 overexpression were inhibited by mTOR inhibition, and vice versa. Our hypothesis was supported; we were able to show that Septin6 is an important positive factor for cell growth and casein synthesis, it up-regulates AA-mediated cell growth and casein synthesis through activating mTORC1 pathway in DCMECs.
IL PLURALISMO POLARIZZATO: CRITICHE E REPLICHE
Authors: Sartori Giovanni 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneLa teoria del pluralismo polarizzato mi sovvenne una ven-tina di anni fa. Il saggio al quale ancor oggi i più fanno riferimento — European Political Parties: The Case of Polarized Pluralism — fu pubblicato nel 1966 ma scritto nel 1963, e ci pensai a lungo. Rifacendo mente locale, in quegli anni imperava Duverger, il quale non mi convinceva affatto. Mi convinceva assai di più Almond e soprattutto la sua distinzione, in chiave di cultura politica, tra cultura «omogenea» (e secolarizzata) e cultura «frammentata», che era poi come dire tra consenso e no (nei valori e credenze di fondo). Ma poi Almond approdava alla tripartizione tra sistemi bipartitici, multipartitismo funzionante (Scandinavo e Olandese) e multipartitismo malfunzionante (del grosso dell'Europa continentale), e quell'approdo non quadrava. Intanto, il gruppo dei paesi Scandinavi non era per nulla omogeneo: la Finlandia non era per nulla simile alla Svezia e alla Norvegia. In secondo luogo, se la variabile esplicativa di fondo era la cultura politica, allora l'Olanda (con una subcultura non-secolarizzata, e quindi a cultura frammentata) non doveva risultare funzionante. Alla stessa stregua, anche l'Austria avrebbe dovuto essere malfunzionante. E che dire, poi, della Svizzera? Mi sembrava, dunque, che il discorso mancasse di inquadramento teoretico. Nel saggio iniziale detto inquadramento (o modello) veniva formulato così:I sistemi di partito verranno analizzati in funzione a) del numero dei poli, b) della loro distanza, c) delle loro interazioni centripete 0 centrifughe … ‘Bipolare’ e ‘multipolare’ indicano quanti sono i perni attorno ai quali ruota il sistema; ‘polarita’ indica una forte distanza tra i poli laterali del sistema (e quindi un basso grade di consenso…); laddove ‘polarizzazione’ e ‘depolarizzazione’ alludono alla dinamica del sistema e denotano rispettivamente un processo centrifugo di dilacerazione del consenso, ovvero un processo centripeto di ricomposizione del consenso… II pluralismo estremo e.; con ogni probabilita centrifugo.
GEOPOLITICA, SICUREZZA EUROPEA E PACE MONDIALE NELL'ERA NUCLEARE
Authors: Zoppo Ciro Elliot 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneAll'inizio degli anni ‘80 tutti gli aspetti politici e militari dei rapporti Est-Ovest si presentano sempre piò mutevoli e anche potenzialmente densi di pericoli. Le relazioni strategiche America-Russia hanno subito importanti modifiche negli anni ‘70, diventando meno stabili. I risultati politici di questo mutamento sono esemplificati dal quasi totale arresto del processo di distensione fra Russia e America. Le principali conseguenze sono la preoccupazione dell'Europa Occidentale per le posizioni americane e, dopo l'Afghanistan, per le intenzioni sovietiche. Indubbiamente, ci troviamo nella storia del dopoguerra ad un punto in cui la pace mondiale potrebbe essere messa in pericolo dalla instabilità emergente nei rapporti di deterrenza strategica America-Russia e dal deteriorarsi dell'equilibrio Est-Ovest in fatto di armamenti convenzionali in Europa e altrove. Storicamente, dalla fine della seconda guerra mondiale, l'Europa ha giocato, geograficamente, economicamente, militarmente e politicamente, un ruolo decisivo nel destino dell'umanità e della pace. Con ciò non si vogliono sottovalutare o trascurare il ruolo internazionale che il Giappone, e poi la Cina e l'India, hanno avuto nel ventesimo secolo, e la crescente influenza politica ed economica sulla sicurezza internazionale dei paesi del Terzo Mondo ricchi di materie prime.
LE ORIGINI DEL WELFARE STATE: TEORIE, IPOTESI ED ANALISI EMPIRICA
Authors: Alber Jens 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneLe origini dei contemporaneiwelfare stateeuropei risalgono alla istituzionalizzazione dei primi sistemi di assicurazione sociale alla fine del XIX secolo. Nonostante una così lunga tradizione storica di politica sociale, la teoria macrosociologica ha sorprendentemente trascurato per lungo tempo lo sviluppo delwelfare state. Solo negli ultimi anni la ricerca delle scienze sociali ha cominciato ad occuparsi con maggiore interesse dei fattori che determinano le uniformità e le divergenze nello sviluppo delle politiche sociali, mirando ad offrirne delle spiegazioni teoriche. È vero che anche le teorie piò recenti non si presentano come tentativi di spiegare i «dati di fatto» dello sviluppo delwelfare state; tuttavia, tali teorie constano spesso di asserzioni che sono suscettibili di verifica empirica.
INTERDIPENDENZA E RELAZIONI INTERNAZIONALI: L'ANALISI CONCETTUALE
Authors: Santoro Carlo M. 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneLa crescente complessità delle strutture politiche e la rapida evoluzione del sistema internazionale hanno reso di attualità la domanda che la società degli «Stati-nazione» si era già posta invano nel passato: quale morfologia assumerà il sistema delle relazioni internazionali se la moltiplicazione dei flussi di comunicazione e l'incremento quantitativo degli attori non statuali dovesse modificare, fino a sostituire, il modello di funzionamento basato sui soli attori nazionali nelle due varianti storicamente verificate del «sistema dell'equilibrio» e di quello «bipolare»? Si giungerà a quella che Rosenau ha recentemente definito come la «transnazionalizzazione degli affari mondiali», intendendo con il termine «transnazionalizzazione il processo attraverso il quale le relazioni internazionali condotte dai governi sono state integrate dalle relazioni fra individui, gruppi, e società che possono avere ed hanno importanti conseguenze per il corso degli eventi»?
TERRORISMO E GOVERNABILITÀ
Authors: Bonanate Luigi 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIl terrorismo e l'ingovernabilità si sono imposti all'attenzio-ne degli studiosi come i due più vistosi fattori di crisi dei sistemi politici attuali contemporaneamente, in termini cronologici, e cioè all'inarca alla metà degli anni Settanta, ma indipendentemente, o separatamente l'uno dall'altro dal punto di vista concettuale. Entrambi riguardano lo stato, il primo perché mira a distruggerlo; la seconda perché ne diagnostica una malattia, cioè il «sovraccarico» che lo ha reso incapace di esercitare le sue funzioni di governo. Entrambi inducono, per ragioni diverse, a concludere che i sistemi politici che si trovano a fronteggiarli (l'uno o l'altra) sono in crisi.
Further situating learner possible selves in context: A proposal to replicate Henry and Cliffordson (2013) and Lasagabaster (2016)
Authors: Serafini Ellen J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearch conducted over the past 15–20 years has revealed significant insights into the nature and role of learner selves in language learning settings, particularly the importance of considering the interaction between situated contextual factors and the ways learners perceive, imagine, and construe their possible selves. To further advance this active line of investigation, this article first reviews key previous research and argues for the need to address the generalizability of learner possible selves through replication of original research conducted with different types of learners in diverse social and educational contexts, particularly in multilingual settings and in relation to learning target languages (TLs) other than English. Then, two studies are identified as ideal for replication, and their motivation, methods, and findings are reported in detail. To strengthen the validity and reliability of the original studies’ findings, several suggestions are made for ways to replicate the focal studies as a necessary first step in building robust comparative evidence. As an important second step in this endeavor, the article concludes by arguing for the value of case studies that align with current dynamic conceptualizations of the self.
Equational properties of fixed-point operations in cartesian categories: An overview
Authors: Ésik Z 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeveral fixed-point models share the equational properties of iteration theories, or iteration categories, which are cartesian categories equipped with a fixed point or dagger operation subject to certain axioms. After discussing some of the basic models, we provide equational bases for iteration categories and offer an analysis of the axioms. Although iteration categories have no finite base for their identities, there exist finitely based implicational theories that capture their equational theory. We exhibit several such systems. Then we enrich iteration categories with an additive structure and exhibit interesting cases where the interaction between the iteration category structure and the additive structure can be captured by a finite number of identities. This includes the iteration category of monotonic or continuous functions over complete lattices equipped with the least fixed-point operation and the binary supremum operation as addition, the categories of simulation, bisimulation, or language equivalence classes of processes, context-free languages, and others. Finally, we exhibit a finite equational system involving residuals, which is sound and complete for monotonic or continuous functions over complete lattices in the sense that it proves all of their identities involving the operations and constants of cartesian categories, the least fixed-point operation and binary supremum, but not involving residuals.
Some Ethical Problems in Special Education
Authors: Codd John A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper examines, from a philosophical perspective, some of the main ethical problems pertaining to the special education field. It is argued that while special education practice has been strongly grounded in psychological theory, it has not always been adequately justified by reference to general moral principles. Rationales for intervention are mostly couched in descriptive or explanatory terms while the over-riding prescriptive or evaluative dimensions are often presupposed without explicit justification. Particular issues such as diagnostic assessment, educational placement and behavioural management can be seen to entail complex ethical problems concerning the consideration of individual rights and interests, equality of educational opportunity, and respect for personal autonomy. Examples of the moral dilemmas inherent in particular special educational practices are examined. Finally, it is claimed that special educators must be able to defend not only the empirical bases of their educational theories, but also the value judgments implicit in them.
Temporal trends in food group availability and cancer incidence in Africa: an ecological analysis
Authors: Aglago Elom K , Bray Freddie , Zotor Francis , Slimani Nadia , Chajès Veronique , Huybrechts Inge , Ferrari Pietro , Gunter Marc J ,   the Members of the African Cancer Registry Network
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:We evaluated the relationship between food availability, as the only dietary exposure data available across Africa, and age-standardised cancer incidence rates (ASR) in eighteen countries.Design:Ecological study.Setting:Availability of food groups and dietary energy was considered for five hypothetical time points: years of collection of ASR (T0) and 5, 10, 15 and 20 preceding years (T–5,T–10,T–15,T–20). Ecological correlations adjusted for human development index, smoking and obesity rates were calculated to evaluate the relationship between food availability and ASR of breast, prostate, colorectal, oesophageal, pancreatic, stomach and thyroid cancer.Results:Red meat was positively correlated with pancreatic cancer in men (T–20:r–20= 0·61,P&lt; 0·05), stomach cancer in women (T0:r0= 0·58,P&lt; 0·05), and colorectal cancer in men (T0:r0= 0·53,P&lt; 0·05) and women (T–20:r–20= 0·58,P&lt; 0·05). Animal products including meat, animal fats and higher animal-sourced energy supply tended to be positively correlated with breast, colorectal, pancreatic, stomach and thyroid cancer. Alcoholic beverages were positively correlated to oesophageal cancer in men (r0= 0·69,P&lt; 0·001) and women (r–20= 0·72,P&lt; 0·001).Conclusions:The present analysis provides initial insights into the impact of alcoholic beverages, and increasing use of animal over plant products, on the incidence of specific cancers in Africa. The findings support the need for epidemiological studies to investigate the role of diet in cancer development in Africa.
Using data extracted from a radiotherapy record & verify system to infer outcomes of patients treated for radical brain cancer
Authors: Sykes Martin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAim:The aims of this study were to explore the outcome measures that can be recorded in a radiotherapy IT system and the extract mortality results for a group of patients receiving radical radiotherapy treatment for primary brain cancer.Method:Treatment mortality outcomes were extracted from a radiotherapy database and were compared to treatment technique used between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2017. The patients selected received 1 course of radiotherapy of 60 Gray in 30 treatments (n = 270). These patients received either Conformal Radiotherapy (CRT) (n = 127) or Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) (n = 143). Kaplan–Meier plots were generated for these two groups to assess the survival. The median survival was 20·1 months (95%CI = 16·8−23·4) and 14·0 months (95%CI = 11·1−16·5) for CRT and VMAT, respectively.Discussion:Surprisingly, the results of this data extraction demonstrated that CRT gave better survival for this group of patients, than VMAT. The reason for the difference in survival is unclear and more data are needed to explain the result.Conclusion:This demonstrates that not only that a radiotherapy database can be used to extract outcome measures but that it must be done to explore where a change in treatment delivery has been of benefit to the patients or not.
IRREGULAR HODGE FILTRATION OF SOME CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Domínguez Alberto Castaño , Sevenheck Christian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe determine the irregular Hodge filtration, as introduced by Sabbah, for the purely irregular hypergeometric${\mathcal{D}}$-modules. We obtain, in particular, a formula for the irregular Hodge numbers of these systems. We use the reduction of hypergeometric systems from GKZ-systems as well as comparison results to Gauss–Manin systems of Laurent polynomials via Fourier–Laplace and Radon transformations.
Selective and effective control of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris) in chickpea with granular pendimethalin
Authors: Goldwasser Yaakov , Rabinovitz Onn , Hayut Elad , Kuzikaro Hadar , Sibony Moshe , Rubin Baruch 
Published: May 2019

AbstractField dodder is an obligatory stem and leaf plant parasite that causes significant damage in field and vegetable crops in all agricultural regions of the globe. Selective and effective measures to control the parasite are extremely limited. In recent studies, we have shown that granular formulations of dinitroaniline cell division–inhibiting herbicides applied after crop establishment and before dodder germination fit our dodder control strategy and kill the parasite effectively and selectively. The aim of our study conducted from 2014 to 2018 was to evaluate the efficacy and selectivity of granular pendimethalin for dodder control in chickpea under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. Petri dish experiments revealed that the herbicide reduces dodder seed germination while its main effect is a restriction of shoot elongation. Greenhouse experiments demonstrated that the inhibition and distortion of dodder shoot growth impede shoot twining and prevent attachment to the host plant. In dose–response experiments conducted in the greenhouse, we observed that half the recommended rate of granular pendimethalin provides efficient dodder control with no damage to chickpea seedlings. In 3 yr of chickpea field trials, GPM applied across the seeding bed at the recommended rate resulted in high crop yields that were not significantly different from those observed for the untreated no-dodder control, while half of the recommended dose efficiently controlled dodder and other weeds with no damage to the crop, resulting in significantly increased chickpea yields and profitability. These studies indicate that GPM can provide efficient and selective dodder control in chickpea.
Effects of Ducting on Whistler Mode Chorus or Exohiss in the Outer Radiation Belt
Authors: Hanzelka Miroslav , Santolík Ondřej 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPreviously published statistics based on Cluster spacecraft measurements surprisingly show that in the outer radiation belt, lower band whistler mode waves predominantly propagate unattenuated parallel to the magnetic field lines up to midlatitudes, where ray tracing simulations indicated highly attenuated waves with oblique wave vectors. We explain this behavior by considering a large fraction of ducted waves. We argue that these ducts can be weak and thin enough to be difficult to detect by spacecraft instrumentation while being strong enough to guide whistler mode waves in a cold plasma ray tracing simulation. After adding a tenuous hot electron population, we obtain a strong effect of Landau damping on unducted waves, while the ducted waves experience less damping or even growth. Consequently, the weighted average of amplitudes and wave normal angles of a mixture of ducted and unducted waves provides us with strong quasi‐parallel waves, consistent with the observations.
Cardiometabolic importance of 1-h plasma glucose in obese subjects
Authors: Haverals Lien , Van Dessel Kristof , Verrijken An , Dirinck Eveline , Peiffer Frida , Verhaegen Ann , De Block Christophe , Van Gaal Luc 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background/objectives
To study the importance and clinical usefulness of the 1-h plasma glucose (1hPG) in a Caucasian obese population with regard to the presence of prediabetes, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Subjects/methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2439 overweight or obese subjects. All received an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) using the American Diabetes Association criteria. ROC-curves were used to compare the sensitivity and (1-specificity) of 1hPG versus FPG and 2hPG to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes.

Results
Of 2439 patients (72.1% female) (age 43 ± 13 years, BMI 37.9 (34.6–41.6) kg/m2), 1262 (51.7%) had a 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL. The prevalence of prediabetes was 33.8% and of diabetes 9.8%. In these 240 diabetic patients, only 1.6% (four patients) did not show a 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL. Subjects with 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL were more insulin resistant (p < 0.001), had a higher waist (p < 0.001), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), microalbuminuria (p < 0.001), PAI-1 (p < 0.001), and worse lipid profile (p < 0.001) than subjects with 1hPG < 155 mg/dL. MetS was present in 64.1% of subjects with 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL versus 42.5% of subjects with 1hPG < 155 mg/dL (p < 0.001). In the group with 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL 32.6% had a normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 48.9% had prediabetes, and 18.5% was diagnosed with T2DM compared to 81.7% NGT, 17.7% prediabetes, and 0.6% T2DM in subjects with 1hPG < 155 mg/dL (p < 0.001). Among NGT subjects, 30.0% had a 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL and showed higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.008), VAT (p < 0.001), blood pressure (p < 0.001), and worse lipid profile (p = 0.001). Compared to 1hPG < 155 mg/dL, the sensitivity and specificity of 1hPG ≥ 155 mg/dL of prediabetes were 74.8% and 60.0% and for diabetes 97.1% and 53.2%, respectively.

Conclusions
This study supports the role of 1hPG value as a valuable tool in the detection of obese subjects at high risk for T2DM and MetS.
Microglia in post-mortem brain tissue of patients with bipolar disorder are not immune activated
Authors: Sneeboer Marjolein A. M. , Snijders Gijsje J. L. J. , Berdowski Woutje M. , Fernández-Andreu Alba ,   Psychiatric Donor Program of the Netherlands Brain Bank (NBB-Psy), van Mierlo Hans C. , Berdenis van Berlekom Amber , Litjens Manja , Kahn René S. , Hol Elly M. , de Witte Lot D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGenetic, epidemiological, and biomarker studies suggest that the immune system is involved in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD). It has therefore been hypothesized that immune activation of microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, is associated with the disease. Only a few studies have addressed the involvement of microglia in BD so far and a more detailed immune profiling of microglial activation is lacking. Here, we applied a multi-level approach to determine the activation state of microglia in BD post-mortem brain tissue. We did not find differences in microglial density, and mRNA expression of microglial markers in the medial frontal gyrus (MFG) of patients with BD. Furthermore, we performed in-depth characterization of human primary microglia isolated from fresh brain tissue of the MFG, superior temporal gyrus (STG), and thalamus (THA). Similarly, these ex vivo isolated microglia did not show elevated expression of inflammatory markers. Finally, challenging the isolated microglia with LPS did not result in an increased immune response in patients with BD compared to controls. In conclusion, our study shows that microglia in post-mortem brain tissue of patients with BD are not immune activated.