bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Provider Use of Plain Radiographs in the Evaluation of Pediatric Constipation
Authors: Kearney Ryan , Edwards Todd , Bradford Miranda , Klein Eileen 
Published: July 2018

Background
More than half of children evaluated as outpatients for abdominal pain are diagnosed with constipation. X-ray use in this scenario is variable: less than 5% in clinic settings, greater than 70% in emergency departments. X-rays increase misdiagnosis rate, remain costly, and involve radiation exposure.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the use of plain radiographs by pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) providers in the diagnostic evaluation and management of pediatric constipation.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of PEM providers was performed. Survey participants were subscribers to the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Emergency Medicine Listserv. To assess diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, participants were presented a case of pediatric constipation meeting Rome III clinical criteria. Participants also categorized frequency of x-ray use, reasons for obtaining, estimated diagnostic utility, and elements of institutional standard approach. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed.

Results
Three hundred five of 1272 Listserv members (24%) responded. Ninety-nine percent elected to treat for constipation in a case meeting Rome III clinical criteria; one third (31%) would obtain plain radiographs for this same scenario. Plain radiographs were viewed as somewhat (59%) or minimally (29%) value-added in the evaluation of suspected pediatric constipation. Obtaining family buy-in (44%) was the most common reason for utilizing plain radiographs. Frequency of use varied across geographic regions and with participant and hospital characteristics.

Conclusions
This survey suggests that many PEM providers obtain radiographs to convince families of the diagnosis of constipation. This is not a viable management plan given the risks of radiation as well as costs. There remains room for improvement as we attempt to reduce use of radiation in the evaluation of common pediatric illnesses.
The Influence of Antireflux Surgery on Esophageal Cancer Risk in England
Authors: Markar Sheraz R. , Arhi Chanpreet , Leusink Astrid , Vidal-Diez Alberto , Karthikesalingam Alan , Darzi Ara , Lagergren Jesper , Hanna George B. 
Published: July 2018

Objective:
To evaluate how antireflux surgery influences the risk of esophageal cancer in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett esophagus.

Background:
GERD is a major risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma, and the United Kingdom has the highest incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma globally.

Methods:
Hospital Episode Statistics database was used to identify all patients in England aged over 18 years diagnosed with GERD with or without Barrett Esophagus from 2000 to 2012, with antireflux surgery being the exposure investigated. The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) was used to provide a sensitivity analysis comparing proton pump inhibitor therapy and antireflux surgery. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards model with inverse probability weights based on the probability of having surgery to adjust for selection bias and confounding factors.

Results:
(i) Hospital Episode Statistics analysis; among 838,755 included patients with GERD and 28,372 with Barrett esophagus, 22,231 and 737 underwent antireflux surgery, respectively. In GERD patients, antireflux surgery reduced the risk of esophageal cancer (HR = 0.64; 95% CI 0.52–0.78). In Barrett esophagus patients, the corresponding HR was (HR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.12–1.90).
(ii) CPRD analysis; antireflux surgery was associated with decreased point estimates of esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with GERD (0% vs. 0.2%; P = 0.16) and Barrett esophagus (HR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.21–2.63), but these were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Antireflux surgery may be associated with a reduced risk of esophageal cancer risk, however it remains primarily an operation for symptomatic relief.
CellFishing.jl: an ultrafast and scalable cell search method for single-cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Sato Kenta , Tsuyuzaki Koki , Shimizu Kentaro , Nikaido Itoshi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent technical improvements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have enabled massively parallel profiling of transcriptomes, thereby promoting large-scale studies encompassing a wide range of cell types of multicellular organisms. With this background, we propose CellFishing.jl, a new method for searching atlas-scale datasets for similar cells and detecting noteworthy genes of query cells with high accuracy and throughput. Using multiple scRNA-seq datasets, we validate that our method demonstrates comparable accuracy to and is markedly faster than the state-of-the-art software. Moreover, CellFishing.jl is scalable to more than one million cells, and the throughput of the search is approximately 1,600 cells per second.
The Relationship Between the Cervical Microbiome, HIV Status, and Pre-Cancerous Lesions
Authors: Klein Cameron , Gonzalez Daniela , Kahesa Crispin , Mwaiselage Julius , Aluthge Nirosh , Fernando Samodha , West John T. , Wood Charles , Angeletti Peter C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNearly all cervical cancers are causally associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The burden of HPV-associated dysplasias in Sub-Saharan Africa is influenced by HIV. To investigate the role of the bacterial microbiome in cervical dysplasia, cytobrush samples were collected directly from cervical lesions of 144 Tanzanian women. The V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and deep-sequenced. Alpha diversity metrics; Chao1, PD whole tree, and operational taxonomic Unit (OTU) estimates, displayed significantly higher bacterial richness in HIV positive patients (P = 0.01) than in HIV negative patients. Within HIV positive patients, there was higher bacterial richness in patients with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL; P = 0.13) than those without lesions. The most abundant OTUs associated with high-grade squamous intraepitheilal lesions (HSIL) were Mycoplasmatales, Pseudomonadales, and Staphylococcus. We suggest that a chronic mycoplasma infection of the cervix can contribute to HPV-dependent dysplasia by sustained inflammatory signals.
Expression profile analysis of circular RNAs in essential hypertension by microarray and bioinformatics
Authors: Xingjie-Bao  , Xin-He  , Shuying-Zheng  , Yizhe-Luo  , Tianlun-Gu  , Ronghui-Tan  , Jihan-Sun  , Jinshun-Zhao  , Lina-Zhang  
Published: July 2018

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs), widely found in human cells, are involved in disease and play an important role in progression. To determine whether circRNAs are related in essential hypertension (EH), we analyzed the expression profile of circRNAs and miRNAs in 5 EH and 5 healthy controls cases which were screened by microarray. Through microarray data and public data analysis, differently expressed transcripts were divided into modules, and circRNAs were functionally annotated by miRNAs. The expression of two circRNAs, has_circ_0037909 and has_circ_0105015, were validated in EH by qRT-PCR, which may be associated with EH. Further analysis showed that two circRNAs might through immune system by up-regulation circRNAs and down-regulation expression. These circRNAs biological functions need to be further validated.
Altered trajectories in the dynamical repertoire of functional network states under psilocybin
Authors: Lord Louis-David , Expert Paul , Atasoy Selen , Roseman Leor , Rapuano Kristina , Lambiotte Renaud , Nutt David J. , Deco Gustavo , Carhart-Harris Robin L. , Kringelbach Morten L. , Cabral Joana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBrain activity can be understood as the exploration of a dynamical landscape of activity configurations over both space and time. This dynamical landscape may be defined in terms of spontaneous transitions within a repertoire of discrete metastable states of functional connectivity (FC), which underlie different mental processes. However, it remains unclear how the brain’s dynamical landscape might be changed in altered states of consciousness, such as the psychedelic state. The present study investigated changes in the brain’s dynamical repertoire in an fMRI dataset of healthy participants intravenously injected with the psychedelic compound psilocybin, which is found in “magic mushrooms”. We employed a data-driven approach to study brain dynamics in the psychedelic state, which focuses on the dominant FC pattern captured by the leading eigenvector of dynamic FC matrices, and enables the identification of recurrent FC patterns (“FC-states”), and their transition profiles over time. We found that a FC state closely corresponding to the fronto-parietal control system was strongly destabilized in the psychedelic state, while transitions toward a globally synchronized FC state were enhanced. These differences between brain state trajectories in normal waking consciousness and the psychedelic state suggest that the latter biases a global mode of functional integration at the expense of locally segregated activity in specific networks. These results provide a mechanistic perspective on subjective quality of the psychedelic experience, and further raise the possibility that mapping the brain’s dynamical landscape may help guide pharmacological interventions in neuropsychiatric disorders.
DTK-Dengue: A new agent-based model of dengue virus transmission dynamics
Authors: Soda K.J. , Moore S.M. , España G. , Bloedow J. , Raybaud B. , Althouse B. , Johansson M.A. , Wenger E. , Welkhoff P. , Perkins T.A. , Perkins T.A. , ten Bosch Q.A. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTDengue virus (DENV) is a pathogen spread by Aedes mosquitoes that has a considerable impact on global health. Agent-based models can be used to explicitly represent factors that are difficult to measure empirically, by focusing on specific aspects of DENV transmission dynamics that influence spread in a particular location. We present a new agent-based model for DENV dynamics, DTK-Dengue, that can be readily applied to new locations and to a diverse set of goals. It extends the vector-borne disease module in the Institute for Disease Modelling’s Epidemiological Modeling Disease Transmission Kernel (EMOD-DTK) to model DENV dynamics. There are three key modifications present in DTK-Dengue: 1) modifications to how climatic variables influence vector development for Aedes mosquitoes, 2) updates to adult vector behavior to make them more similar to Aedes, and 3) the inclusion of four DENV serotypes, including their effects on human immunity and symptoms. We demonstrate DTK-Dengue’s capabilities by fitting the model to four interrelated datasets: total and serotype-specific dengue incidences between January 2007 and December 2008 from San Juan, Puerto Rico; the age distribution of reported dengue cases in Puerto Rico during 2007; and the number of adult female Ae. aegypti trapped in two neighborhoods of San Juan between November 2007 and December 2008. The model replicated broad patterns in the reference data, including a correlation between vector population dynamics and rainfall, appropriate seasonality in the reported incidence, greater circulation of DENV-3 than any other serotype, and an inverse relationship between age and the proportion of cases associated with each age group over 20 years old. This exercise demonstrates the potential for DTK-Dengue to assimilate multiple types of epidemiologic data into a realistic portrayal of DENV transmission dynamics. Due to the open availability of the DTK-Dengue software and the availability of numerous other modules for modeling disease transmission and control from EMOD-DTK, this new model has potential for a diverse range of future applications in a wide variety of settings.
Overdosage of balanced protein complexes reduces proliferation rate in aneuploid cells
Authors: Chen Ying , Chen Siyu , Li Ke , Zhang Yuliang , Huang Xiahe , Li Ting , Wu Shaohuan , Wang Yingchun , Carey Lucas B. , Qian Wenfeng 
Published: July 2018

SUMMARYCells with complex aneuploidies, such as tumor cells, display a wide range of phenotypic abnormalities. However, molecular basis for this has been mainly studied in trisomic (2n+1) and disomic (n+1) cells. To determine how karyotype affects proliferation rate in cells with complex aneuploidies we generated forty 2n+xyeast strains in which each diploid cell has an extra 5 to 12 chromosomes and found that these strains exhibited abnormal cell-cycle progression. Proliferation rate was negatively correlated with the number of protein complexes in which all subunits were at the 3-copy level, but not with the number of imbalanced complexes made up of a mixture of 2-copy and 3-copy genes. Proteomics revealed that most 3-copy members of imbalanced complexes were expressed at only 2nprotein levels whereas members of complexes in which all subunits are stoichiometrically balanced at 3 copies per cell had 3n protein levels. We identified individual protein complexes for which overdosage reduces proliferation rate, and found that deleting one copy of each member partially restored proliferation rate in cells with complex aneuploidies. Lastly, we validated this finding using orthogonal datasets from both yeast and from human cancers. Taken together, our study provides a novel explanation how aneuploidy affects phenotype.
Determinants of job satisfaction in Ethiopia: evidence from the leather industry
Authors: Addis Sisay , Dvivedi Akshay , Beshah Birhanu 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the contextual work factors in Ethiopia and to evaluate the relative influence of each of these factors on job satisfaction (JS) of employees.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on a sample of shop floor workers from the leather products manufacturing industry in Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured survey questionnaire and focus group discussions. After testing scale reliability and validity, multiple linear regression was used for the analysis.FindingsThe study results suggest that the JS is mainly explained by extrinsic factors. Pay is found to influence overall job satisfaction (OJS) at least four times of other work factors. Training opportunity and ethnic diversity showed unexpected negative relationship with OJS.Originality/valueGiven the importance of understanding JS in labor-intensive industries, and paucity of research on the topic in Ethiopia, the study provides practical insights and groundwork that can guide practitioners to understand the drivers of JS in the region. Moreover, the study adds to the empirical literature that may yield important insights on organizational behavior for under-researched emerging economies, particularly for the eastern part of Africa, where nations share similar cross-cultural norms, economic and ethnic settings.
Numerical model for individual time calculation for evacuation among secondary students
Authors: Baharudin Mohd Rafee , Nasruddin Hairul Nazmin , Rahman Anita Abdul , Mahadi Mohd Razif , Noor Samsul Bahari Mohd 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design a numerical model to calculate the individual evacuation time among secondary students based on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP), human characteristics and travel distances.

Design/methodology/approach
Validated KAP questionnaires were distributed among 290 respondents. The KAP level was obtained based on the assigned scores. During a fire drill, the individual evacuation time was calculated by using personal digital watch while the travel distances were recorded and measured. A linear numerical model was derived by using multiple linear regression to identify the significant variables and the coefficients.

Findings
The CVI, CVR and Cronbach’s α value (0.75, 0.59 and 0.7, respectively) which are greater than minimum accepted level proved the reliability and consistency of the instrument. The evacuation time prediction by the developed numerical model showed strong correlation with the actual time (R=0.95). The regression analysis found that 89 per cent proportion of variance in the evacuation time are determined by the predictors. Based on the linear equation, it found that the decrease in weight, knowledge level and walking speed while increase in BMI, flat and stair travel distances could increase evacuation time. From the six significant variables, weight, walking speed, flat and stair distances showed significant correlation in the model with p<0.001, while BMI and knowledge showed p<0.05. The integration with mobility factors expand the formula which applicable within dynamic fire scenario.

Research limitations/implications
The involvement of examination students in the study is restricted by the Ministry of Education Malaysia to avoid interruption of learning session which limited the data representation.

Originality/value
Instead of using the traditional direct measurement of the evacuation time, the developed numerical model is an alternative convenient approach which could be used as one of the pre-assessment tool to identify the level of safety among students. The low cost and shorter time application of this model become one of the greatest advantages compared to other available approaches. The calculated individual evacuation time could be used directly to develop a better fire safety policy.
An improved morphological weighted dynamic similarity measurement algorithm for time series data
Authors: Zhou Ke Yi , Hu Shaolin 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The similarity measurement of time series is an important research in time series detection, which is a basic work of time series clustering, anomaly discovery, prediction and many other data mining problems. The purpose of this paper is to design a new similarity measurement algorithm to improve the performance of the original similarity measurement algorithm. The subsequence morphological information is taken into account by the proposed algorithm, and time series is represented by a pattern, so the similarity measurement algorithm is more accurate.

Design/methodology/approach
Following some previous researches on similarity measurement, an improved method is presented. This new method combines morphological representation and dynamic time warping (DTW) technique to measure the similarities of time series. After the segmentation of time series data into segments, three parameter values of median, point number and slope are introduced into the improved distance measurement formula. The effectiveness of the morphological weighted DTW algorithm (MW-DTW) is demonstrated by the example of momentum wheel data of an aircraft attitude control system.

Findings
The improved method is insensitive to the distortion and expansion of time axis and can be used to detect the morphological changes of time series data. Simulation results confirm that this method proposed in this paper has a high accuracy of similarity measurement.

Practical implications
This improved method has been used to solve the problem of similarity measurement in time series, which is widely emerged in different fields of science and engineering, such as the field of control, measurement, monitoring, process signal processing and economic analysis.

Originality/value
In the similarity measurement of time series, the distance between sequences is often used as the only detection index. The results of similarity measurement should not be affected by the longitudinal or transverse stretching and translation changes of the sequence, so it is necessary to incorporate the morphological changes of the sequence into similarity measurement. The MW-DTW is more suitable for the actual situation. At the same time, the MW-DTW algorithm reduces the computational complexity by transforming the computational object to subsequences.
Hail suppression activities using TETRA-based sensor network
Authors: Borovic Vladan , Spalevic Petar , Jovic Srdjan , Jerkovic Damir , Drasute Vida , Rancic Dejan 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to show the implementation in the terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA)-based sensor network. The publicly available data show that, in Serbia, the annual damage caused by hailstorms in the past seven years has been estimated almost at an average level of 40m of euros. As the amount of hail was not changed, the hail suppression system of the Republic of Serbia has to be improved, both technically and organizationally, to get better efficiency and protection and to reduce the damage.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors show the implementation and improvements in the modern terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA)-based sensor network, and they propose the scientific use of sensors for remote control of automatic hail suppression rocket stations.

Findings
The authors’ idea is that TETRA should be used as an operational and official telecommunicating system for hail suppression activities units. A number of sensors, connected in a network, are used to maintain a high-quality functioning of this digital radio system, managed remotely and controlled either by operators or automatically.

Originality/value
The presented study with a real example attempts to explain as to how the system functions and how it can improve hail suppression activities.
Organic management in apple orchards: Higher impacts on biological control than on pollination
Authors: Porcel Mario , Andersson Georg K. S. , Pålsson Joakim , Tasin Marco 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Intensive agricultural management negatively affects both natural enemies of pests and pollinators. Such management also has the potential to adversely affect the ecosystem services that these communities confer. Organic management has been proposed as an alternative method to mitigate such problems by restoring the services provided by arthropod communities.

We evaluated the effect of organic management on two ecosystem services provided by arthropods in apple orchards: pollination and biological control. We used relative decrease in colonies to assess biological control of the major apple aphid pest, and measured pollination through fruit set, number of seeds per apple and pollinator visitation. Additionally, we monitored the organisms responsible for pollination and biological control services and established the impact of pollination on apple quality.

Our results show a strong effect of organic management on biological control and on the temporal dynamic of natural enemy–pest interactions. Parameters such as aphid colony suppression, first and repeated occurrence of natural enemies, natural enemy species evenness and natural enemy abundance were significantly higher in organic compared to conventional orchards. Predatory bugs were the natural enemies best‐affected by organic management and played a key role in early predation of aphids preventing colony growth.

In this instance, pollination was not influenced by organic management. It is likely due to the temporal scale at which this service is delivered, a scale that differs greatly from biological control, combined with differences in the dispersal capacity of the organisms involved. Fruit weight, calcium, potassium and magnesium content were positively affected by pollination success.

Synthesis and applications. We found that organic management in apple orchards preserves the local natural enemy community, and specifically predatory bug populations, essential for early aphid colony suppression. Our results suggest that, in conventional orchards, local management options that decrease or even eliminate pesticide use early in the season would increase the biological control of aphids. This would lead to reduction in apple damage at harvest. Our results on pollination success indicate that the implementation of organic management at orchard scale does not enhance pollination services for apple growers.