bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation in an alginate–goats’ milk–inulin matrix improves survival of probiotic Bifidobacterium in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and goats’ milk yoghurt
Authors: Pradeep Prasanna P H , Charalampopoulos Dimitris 
Published: November 2018

In this work, a new encapsulating matrix, alginate–goats’ milk–inulin, was used to encapsulate Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB‐12. The addition of inulin resulted in capsules with a compact structure, and a higher probiotic cell count under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and in probiotic goats’ milk yoghurt during refrigerated storage. Encapsulation of the probiotic bacteria led to slower post‐acidification yoghurts. The results of this study showed that the alginate–goats’ milk–inulin matrix has potential to be used as a new encapsulation material to encapsulate probiotics for use in goats’ milk‐based probiotic fermented dairy products, avoiding the cross‐contamination caused by using capsules based on cows’ milk.
‘To Die as a Soldier’: The Vital Romance of the Military Novel
Authors: Ramsey Neil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCritics have generally dismissed the military novel as simply a minor version of the historical novel. This article reassesses the genre by examining what the Quarterly Review saw as the first ‘military novel’, Thomas Hamilton's Youth and Manhood of Cyril Thornton (1827). It argues that, while his novel is modelled on Scott's historical novels, Hamilton also established an entirely new aesthetics, based on the soldier's suffering body. Reading this aesthetic in relation to a biopolitics of life emerging in the long eighteenth century, the article proposes that the novel constructs a new version of military honour for the modern nation.
Napoleon as Philoctetes: Military Masculinity, Sacrifice and the Image of the Wound
Authors: Shaw Philip 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on images of the wounded Napoleon in order to draw some broader conclusions about the sacrificial underpinnings of the French empire. The article considers how graphic representations of the wounded Napoleon Bonaparte helped to negotiate the complex relations between acknowledgements of corporeal vulnerability, ideas of military masculinity and assertions of national unanimity. Particular attention is paid to Pierre Gautherot's painting Napoléon blessé au pied devant Ratisbonne (1810) and to an anonymous graphic satire, Nicolas Philoctète dans l'îsle d'Elbe (1814‐15).
Introduction
Authors: Shaw Philip , Van Der Haven Cornelis 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article provides an introduction to the Journal for Eighteenth‐Century Studies special issue ‘Passions of War: Gender, Sexuality and Conflict in the Long Eighteenth Century’. Following an overview of the rationale for the AHRC Research Network ‘Passions of War: Cross‐Disciplinary Perspectives on Gender, Sexuality and Conflict, 1550‐1945’, the introduction goes on to discuss the literary, artistic, historical and intellectual contexts that inform the issue. Particular attention is paid to the representation of military masculinities, sexual violence, cross‐dressing, same‐sex intimacies and to alternative interpretations of gendered patterns of behaviour. The introduction then offers summary accounts of the individual articles.
Military Men of Feeling? Gender Boundaries and Military–Civil Encounters in Two German Soldier Plays (1760‐80)
Authors: Van Der Haven Cornelis 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe eighteenth‐century culture of sentimentality, especially in its literary form, is often associated with questions of gender and sexuality. This article investigates the effects of literary sentimentalism on the reformulation of acceptable modes of masculinity, which tends to be neglected in scholarly literature about the period. To do so, it analyses two popular eighteenth‐century German soldier plays against the background of a clash between two gendered emotional communities. These plays enabled audiences to reflect on the ways in which changing conceptions of gendered identity inform military–civil encounters and the affective bonds between soldiers and citizens.
Effect of phytic acid on the setting times and tensile strengths of calcium silicate‐based cements
Authors: Uyanik Ozgur , Nagas Emre , Kucukkaya Eren Selen , Cehreli Zafer C. , Vallittu Pekka K. , Lassila Lippo V.J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of 1% phytic acid as a mixing medium on the setting times and diametral tensile strengths of different calcium silicate‐based cements. Specimens for four experimental groups (n = 20/each) were fabricated by mixing ProRoot MTA® (Dentsply) and Biodentine® (Septodont) powders with their original liquids or with 1% phytic acid. Half of the samples in each group were immediately subjected to setting time tests, whereas the remaining half was subjected to the diametral tensile strength test after 3 weeks. When mixed with their original liquids, the setting time of MTA was significantly longer than that of Biodentine® (P < 0.05). When mixed with phytic acid, the initial and final setting times of both test materials significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The diametral tensile strength of Biodentine® was significantly greater than that of MTA (P < 0.05). However, phytic acid had no effect on this outcome (P > 0.05).
Chimpanzees and their mammalian sympatriates in the Issa Valley, Tanzania
Authors: Piel Alex K. , Bonnin Noemie , RamirezAmaya Sebastian , Wondra Eden , Stewart Fiona A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChimpanzees have been studied for nearly 300 combined years across Africa, but aside from their roles as predators or prey, remarkably little is known about the diverse species with whom they share habitats. We calculated likely chimpanzee encounter rates with sympatric mammals in the Issa Valley, Tanzania, through modelling actual researcher encounter rates with all medium and large mammals. Compared to other long‐term chimpanzee study sites, Issa had a relatively high diversity in medium and large mammal species present, with 36 species documented. We encountered common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) most frequently, followed by yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and bushbuck. Chimpanzees ranked fifth overall. Chimpanzees, on the other hand, were predicted to most frequently encounter bushbuck, klipspringer and hartebeest—all woodland species. We compare these results to published literature and contextualise them in light of reconstructing diverse mammalian communities in which hominins lived during the Plio‐Pleistocene and the use of chimpanzees as flagship species for conservation policy.
Could fragmented QRS predict mortality in aortic stenosis patients after transcatheter aortic valve replacement?
Authors: Gulsen Kamil , Ince Orhan , Kum Gokmen , Ozkalayci Flora , Sahin Irfan , Okuyan Ertugrul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundFragmented QRS evaluated in 12‐derivation electrocardiography has widely been accepted as a sign of myocardial fibrosis. The prognostic value of that marker has been demonstrated, particularly, in cardiac diseases that accompany myocardial scar and fibrosis. Myocardial fibrosis is also an issue in patients with aortic stenosis. In this study, we wanted to determine whether fragmented QRS could predict all‐cause mortality in aortic stenosis patients after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).MethodIn this study, we evaluated a total of 116 eligible patients on whom we performed TAVR between 2014 and 2018. Patients' demographic and clinical findings, echocardiography results, in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality, long‐term survival statuses were noted. Patient's ECGs before the procedure were evaluated in regard to the occurrence of fragmented QRS. Predictors of mortality were evaluated using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis.ResultsThe study population consisted of 116 patients of median age 79 (IQR 75–83), 64 females (55.2%). Mortality occurred in 27 (23%) patients; median follow‐up time was 319 (IQR 122–719) days. Fragmented QRS was observed in 44 out of 116 (37.9%) patients. The presence of a fragmented QRS (HR = 2.178, 95% CI 0.999–4.847, p = 0.050), a history of stroke (HR = 3.463, 95% CI 1.276–9.398, p = 0.015), and the creatinine levels at admission (HR = 2.198, 95% CI 1.068–4.520, p = 0.030) were associated with the long‐term mortality in multivariable Cox regression analysis.ConclusionLike in the case of the other diseases associated with myocardial fibrosis, fragmented QRS could also predict mortality in aortic stenosis patients after TAVR procedure.
VA‐ECMO Support in Nonsurgical Patients With Refractory Cardiogenic Shock: Pre‐Implant Outcome Predictors
Authors: Fux Thomas , Holm Manne , Corbascio Matthias , Lund Lars H. , van der Linden Jan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRefractory cardiogenic shock (RCS) is associated with a high mortality. Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) is increasingly used as acute cardiopulmonary support but selection of VA‐ECMO candidates remains challenging. There are limited data on which pre‐VA‐ECMO variables that predict outcome. The aim of this study was to identify pre‐VA‐ECMO predictors of 90‐day mortality. We retrospectively analyzed 76 consecutive patients (median age 52; interquartile range [IQR]: 37–60) supported with VA‐ECMO due to RCS. The association between pre‐implant variables and all‐cause mortality at 90 days was analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. Main etiologies of RCS were acute myocardial infarction 51% and other AHF etiologies 49%. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in 54% of patients before initiation of VA‐ECMO. Median duration of VA‐ECMO was 5 days (IQR: 2–11). The 90‐day overall mortality was 49% and in‐hospital mortality was 50%; 46% died on VA‐ECMO, 37% were successfully weaned, 13% were bridged to heart transplantation, and 4% to left ventricular assist device. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified arterial lactate (odds ratio [OR] per mmol/L: 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.24; P = 0.001) and number of inotropes and vasopressors (OR per agent: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.26–3.63; P = 0.005) as independent predictors of 90‐day mortality. In RCS patients arterial lactate level and number of inotropes and vasopressors were identified as independent pre‐VA‐ECMO predictors of 90‐day mortality. Thus, the severity of cardiogenic shock expressed as levels of lactate and vasoactive agents just before start of VA‐ECMO may be more predictive of outcome than the specific etiology of cardiogenic shock.
The bowel movement characteristics of exclusively breastfed and exclusively formula fed infants differ during the first three months of life
Authors: Moretti Emilie , Rakza Thameur , Mestdagh Béatrice , Labreuche Julien , Turck Dominique 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimBreastfed infants pass more stools and more liquid stools than formula fed infants and some have no bowel movements or infrequent stools for several days or weeks. We compared exclusively breastfed and exclusively formula fed infants for the first three months.MethodsThis study of 118 infants was carried out in the maternity ward of the Lille University Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, France, in 2015. The outcomes were the number and consistency of stools and the prevalence of infrequent stools.ResultsAt three months, 84 infants remained and we compared 40 who were exclusively breastfed and 13 who were exclusively formula fed. Daily stool frequency was significantly higher in the breastfed than formula fed infants during the first (4.9 ± 1.7 vs. 2.3 ± 1.6, p < 0.001) and second (3.2 ± 1.6 vs. 1.6 ± 1.5, p = 0.003) months. Stools were more liquid in the breastfed infants during the first three months. Infrequent stools occurred in 28% of breastfed and 8% of formula fed infants at least once. (p = 0.25).ConclusionExclusively breastfed infants produced more stools than exclusively formula fed infants during the first two months and more liquid stools during the first three. Infrequent stools were 3.5 times more likely in the breastfed infants.
The effect of caffeine loading on cerebral autoregulation in preterm infants
Authors: Huvanandana Jacqueline , Thamrin Cindy , Hinder Murray , McEwan Alistair , Tracy Mark B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate cerebral autoregulation changes in preterm infants receiving a loading dose of caffeine base.MethodsIn a cohort of 30 preterm infants, we extracted measures of cerebral autoregulation using time and frequency domain techniques to determine the correlation between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and tissue oxygenation index (TOI) signals. These measures included the cerebral oximetry index (COx), cross‐correlation and coherence measures, and were extracted prior to caffeine loading and in the 2 hours following administration of 10 mg/kg caffeine base.ResultsWe observed acute reductions in time domain correlation measures, including the cerebral oximetry index (linear mixed model coefficient −0.093, standard error 0.04; p = 0.028) and the detrended cross‐correlation coefficient (ρ5 coefficient −0.13, standard error 0.055; p = 0.025). These reductions suggested an acute improvement in cerebral autoregulation. Features from detrended cross‐correlation analysis also showed greater discriminative value than other methods in identifying changes prior to and following caffeine administration.ConclusionWe observed a reduced correlation between MAP and TOI from near‐infrared spectroscopy following caffeine administration. These findings suggest an acute enhanced capacity for cerebral autoregulation following a loading dose of caffeine in preterm infants, contributing to our understanding of the physiological impact of caffeine therapy.
Predictors of first‐year nonadherence and discontinuation of statins among older adults: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ofori‐Asenso Richard , Ilomäki Jenni , Tacey Mark , Si Si , Curtis Andrea J. , Zomer Ella , Bell J. Simon , Zoungas Sophia , Liew Danny 
Published: November 2018

AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the level of and predictors of statin nonadherence and discontinuation among older adults.MethodsAmong 22 340 Australians aged ≥65 years who initiated statin therapy from January 2014 to December 2015, we estimated the first‐year nonadherence (proportion of days covered [PDC] <0.80) and discontinuation (≥90 days without statin coverage) rates. Predictors of nonadherence and discontinuation were examined via multivariable logistic regression. Analyses were performed separately for general beneficiaries (with a higher co‐payment; n = 4841) and concessional beneficiaries (with a lower co‐payment; n = 17 499).ResultsDuring the one‐year follow‐up, 55.1% were nonadherent (concessional 52.6%; general beneficiaries 64.2%) and 44.7% discontinued statins (concessional 43.1%; general beneficiaries 50.4%). Among concessional beneficiaries, those aged 75–84 years and ≥85 years were more likely to discontinue than people aged 65–74 years (odds ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.19 and 1.38, 1.23–1.54, respectively). Diabetes was associated with an increased likelihood of nonadherence and discontinuation, while hypertension, angina and congestive heart failure were associated with a lower likelihood of nonadherence and discontinuation. Anxiety was associated with an increased likelihood of discontinuation, but polypharmacy (concurrent use of five or more drugs) was associated with a lower likelihood of nonadherence and discontinuation. Statin initiation by a general medical practitioner was associated with both increased likelihood of nonadherence and discontinuation. Similar predictors of nonadherence and discontinuation were identified for the general beneficiaries.ConclusionsAmong older adults prescribed statins, first‐year nonadherence and discontinuation are high. Specific population subgroups such as people aged ≥85 years, those with diabetes or anxiety may require additional attention to improve statin adherence.
NO as a multimodal transmitter in the brain: discovery and current status
Authors: Garthwaite John 
Published: November 2018

NO operates throughout the brain as an intercellular messenger, initiating its varied physiological effects by activating specialized GC‐coupled receptors, resulting in the formation of cGMP. In line with the widespread expression of this pathway, NO participates in numerous different brain functions. This review gives an account of the discovery of NO as a signalling molecule in the brain, experiments that originated in the search for a mysterious cGMP‐stimulating factor released from central neurones when their NMDA receptors were stimulated, and summarizes the subsequent key steps that helped establish its status as a central transmitter. Currently, various modes of operation are viewed to underlie its diverse behaviour, ranging from very local signalling between synaptic partners (in the orthograde or retrograde directions) to a volume‐type transmission whereby NO synthesized by multiple synchronous sources summate spatially and temporally to influence intermingled neuronal or non‐neuronal cells, irrespective of anatomical connectivity.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc
Positive Risk Taking in Adolescence
Authors: Duell Natasha , Steinberg Laurence 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAdolescents are more likely to take risks than children or adults. This propensity can be directed toward negative (illegal and dangerous) or positive (socially acceptable and constructive) risk behaviors. Adolescents who take positive risks include teenagers winning Olympic medals for landing snowboard tricks and students protesting gun violence on a national platform. Yet little is known about the nature of positive risk taking because much of the research on adolescent risk taking has focused on negative risks, such as substance use or delinquency. In this article, we offer a theoretical model of positive risk taking, briefly review research on positive risk taking, and discuss theoretical correlates of positive risk taking based on models of adolescent risk taking. We aim to identify positive risks as a unique class of socially acceptable risks in which youth engage in addition to negative risks.
CCR6 defines a subset of activated memory T cells of Th17 potential in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Lyu M , Li Y , Hao Y , Lyu C , Huang Y , Sun B , Li H , Xue F , Liu X , Yang R 
Published: November 2018

SummaryCurrent researches have determined the significance of C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)6 expression as either a marker of T helper cells (Th) or an effector and regulator of T cell function. However, the roles of CCR6 in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the phenotype and functional characteristics of circulating CCR6+ T cells in blood from chronic ITP patients and healthy controls. We found that the frequency of CCR6+CD4+ cells was higher in ITP patients than in healthy controls. Anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation induced rapid expansion of CCR6+CD4+ cells in ITP patients. CCR6+CD4+ cells had a phenotype of activated cells and predominantly expressed CD45RO. Forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3) and CD25-positive cells were exclusively detected within the CCR6+CD4+ cells. In ITP patients, CCR6+ regulatory T cells (Treg) were decreased and positively correlated with platelet counts and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plasma levels. In contrast to CCR6– counterparts, CCR6+CD4+ cells produced higher levels of interleukin (IL)-17A. The frequency of CCR6+ Th17 was higher in ITP patients and positively correlated with IL-17A levels in supernatant. Most importantly, CCR6+CD4+ cell subpopulations, but not CCR6−CD4+, were closely correlated to treatment response of ITP patients. These findings suggest that circulating CCR6+CD4+ cells in ITP patients have characteristics of activated memory Th17 phenotype and could be used to monitor disease activity and treatment response.
Resveratrol reverses the negative effect of smoking on peri‐implant repair in the tibia of rats
Authors: Ribeiro Fernanda Vieira , Pimentel Suzana Peres , Corrêa Monica Grazieli , Bortoli João Paulo , Messora Michel Reis , Casati Marcio Zaffalon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesInnovative approaches capable to improve peri‐implant bone repair are relevant in the presence of smoking, a risk factor for healing around implants. This study investigated the effect of resveratrol (RESV) on peri‐implant repair, and its influence on bone‐related markers in rats submitted to cigarette smoking inhalation (CSI).Materials and methodsOne titanium implant was inserted in each tibiae of rats assigned to CSI+RESV (n:18); CSI+placebo (n:18); and non‐CSI (n:18). One implant was removed for counter torque, and the peri‐implant tissue was collected for mRNA quantification of BMP‐2, OPN, Runx2, Lrp‐5, Osx, β‐catenin, Dkk1, OPG, and RANKL. The other tibia was submitted to microCT to measure: bone volume, bone porosity, trabecular spacing, trabecular thickness, and bone‐implant contact (BIC).ResultsNo differences were detected between counter torque in CSI+RESV and non‐CSI group (p > 0.05), whereas CSI+placebo group presented lower values when compared to the others (p < 0.05). RESV improved the BIC in CSI rats without differences when compared to non‐CSI group (p > 0.05), whereas CSI+placebo showed reduced BIC when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). RESV reduced RANKL/OPG and Lrp‐5 levels and increased β‐catenin in CSI rats when compared to CSI+placebo (p < 0.05).ConclusionAlthough further investigations should be considered using oral models of dental implants, within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that RESV reverses the negative effects of smoking in the peri‐implant repair, benefiting the modulation of bone‐related markers.
Recovery of regional systolic and diastolic myocardial function after acute myocardial infarction evaluated by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Wdowiak‐Okrojek Katarzyna , Wejner‐Mik Paulina , Kasprzak Jarosław D. , Lipiec Piotr 
Published: November 2018

SummaryPurposeThe assessment of temporal changes in systolic and diastolic regional left ventricle function by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) after successful reperfusion therapy of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsA total of 97 consecutive patients admitted with AMI and treated with successful percutaneous coronary intervention were included in this study. On days 1, 2, 3, 7, 30 and 180 following admission patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography with subsequent measurement of systolic longitudinal strain (SLS), systolic longitudinal strain rate (SRS) and early diastolic longitudinal strain rate (SRe) in left ventricular segments by speckle tracking technique.ResultsThe largest increase in regional SLS and SRS was observed between day 1 and 2. On days 3, 7, 30 and 180 further improvement was noticeable, but the changes were less significant. The highest prognostic value among STE parameters for predicting systolic function recovery after 6‐month‐long follow‐up was achieved by measuring SLS on day 3 (area under the curve = 0·878).ConclusionsThe most of regional systolic function recovery occurs within the first 2 days. The recovery of regional diastolic function takes longer – the most significant part of improvement occurs within the first 7 days. STE parameters have prognostic value for predicting the improvement of systolic function after 180 days.