bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAPD BANDING PATTERNS IN SWEETPOTATO INFECTED WITH FUSARIUM LATERITIUM
Authors: Buffone Frank A. , La Bonte Don R. 
Published: February 2019

Chlorotic Leaf Distortion (CLD) is a common disease of sweetpotato caused by Fusarium lateritium. This fungus is unique among Fusarium species in that it grows on the epidermis of leaves and shoot tips of sweetpotato. Fusarium lateritium appears as a white epiphytic material and under bright sunlight causes leaf chlorosis. When cloudy weather persists for several days, all symptoms disappear.
Researchers who use RAPD to examine banding patterns of sweetpotato DNA assume that foreign DNA present in the cTAB extract is quantitatively low and will not appreciably amplify and appear as bands. In this study we found the modified cTAB procedure used to amplify sweetpotato DNA also amplifies DNA of Fusarium lateritium cultures. DNA banding patterns of infected leaves was compared with those free of the disease. No differences in banding patterns were observed in this preliminary study.
STAND DEFICIENCIES AND REPLANTING EFFECTS ON BELL PEPPER YIELDS
Authors: Bracy Regina P. 
Published: February 2019

Bell pepper plant losses at transplanting may reduce yields. Growers often use subjective visual observations to determine reductions in plant stand but do not have a basis for determining if missing plants should be replaced or how soon. This study was initiated to determine effects of stand deficiencies and replanting on yield and fruit size of pepper during the spring 1992 and 1993.
`Jupiter' bell pepper plants were transplanted to the field in late March and spaced 30 cm apart on 1.2-m beds mulched with black plastic. Treatments included a control [0% stand deficient (SD)] and 10, 20, or 30% SD plots that were established at transplanting. Each SD treatment was replanted to a 100% stand two or three weeks after initial transplanting or was not replanted.
Yield of extra-large and marketable fruit was not affected by stand deficiencies or replanting in either year. Stand deficiencies up to 30% did not result in reductions in total/early yield or fruit size.
Influence of Potassium and pH on the PG-mediated Hydrolysis of Pectin in Tomato Fruit Cell Wall
Authors: Chun Jong-Pil , Huber Donald J. 
Published: February 2019

The catalytic capacity of tomato polygalacturonase (PG) toward soluble pectic polymers is in excess of activity expressed in vivo; however, in vitro assays of PG have traditionally been performed under conditions (pH 4.0 to 4.5, 150 mM NaCl) that likely do not reflect the apoplastic environment of ripening tomato fruit. In this study, hydrolysis of pectin by purified tomato PG (isozyme 2) was examined in response to K+ (the predominate apoplastic cation) and over the pH range from 3.0 to 6.0. In the presence of K+, PG activity toward polygalacturonic acid measured reductometrically increased nearly 3.5-fold from pH 4.0 to pH 5.5. In the presence of Na+, activity decreased 90% over the same pH range.
PG-mediated degradation of cell wall from mature-green fruit showed divergent hydrolytic patterns in response to pH and K+. At pH 4.5 in the presence of K+ (as KCl), catalysis resulted in both solubilization and extensive depolymerization of cell wall pectin, with oligomers accounting for a significant portion of the hydrolysis products. At pH 5.5, the total quantity of wall pectin released in response to PG2 was similar to that at pH 4.5; however, oligomer production was strongly suppressed at the higher pH. At pH values favoring extensive depolymerization, low mol mass products were produced at 5 mM K+ and increased to a maximum at 100 mM K+. At higher pH, hydrolysis patterns were not affected by [K+]. pH and ionic effects may contribute to the distinctive patterns of pectin hydrolysis observed for different fruits.
Response of Poinsettias to Paclobutrazol in Paint Applications
Authors: Pasian Claudio C. , Struve Daniel K. 
Published: February 2019

The effectiveness of a paclobutrazol/paint mix in controlling growth of poinsettia plants (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cultivars Freedom Red and Angelica Red was evaluated. Plants were grown in containers whose interior walls were coated with a flat latex impregnated with varying concentrations of paclobutrazol: 0, 5, 20, 80, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mg·L–1 (0. 0.032, 0.128. 0.512, 0.64, 0.96, 1.28, and 1.92 mg a.i. per container, respectively). As a comparison, one treatment consisted of plants drenched with 118 ml/container of a paclobutrazol solution at 3 mg·L–1.
Plants grown in containers with the paint–paclobutrazol mix were shorter than the control plants. Treatments involving concentrations of 100 mg·L–1 or more (even as much as doubled or tripled) did not produce proportionately shorter plants. Root dry weights of plants in all treatments were not significantly different. However, the length of roots touching the internal surface of the container decreased with increasing growth regulator concentrations. This may help explain why doubling concentrations of growth regulator-in-paint does not produce proportionately shorter plants: roots start absorbing the growth regulator as soon as they touch the wall of the container. As a consequence, all root elongation is reduced, resulting in less root-growth regulator contact and less growth regulator uptake. More measurements of root length and root area are required in order to proof this hypothesis. When paclobutrazol concentrations were higher than 100 mg·L–1, some bracts showed evidence of “crinkling.”
Comparing Solarization Soil Treatment with Methyl-bromide Soil Fumigation on Strawberries
Authors: Bringhurst Royce S. , Godoy F Jose 
Published: February 2019

There is a great deal of interest in the possibility of developing suitable materials or procedures for use in strawberries and other crops in place of methylbromide as a soil fumigant. One such has been soil heating resulting from the bed application of transparent polyethylene. This requires high mid-summer soil temperatures with relatively high soil humidity. We present the results of a solarization experiment. Bed soil temperature were measured regularly at a depth of 12 cm through the 9 weeks of differential treatments. The soil temperature differences were highly significant, averaging ≈7°C higher than the non-solarized treatments. Weed control is one of the results of high interest. The number of weeds were counted twice. The number in the solar plots were not significantly different from the number counted for the methyl-bromide-fumigated plots. Vegetative vigor (asexual response) was also an important measurement. This was measured in two ways: first, the number of runners, and second, the measurement of plant size. The results were identical. The solarized plots and fumigated plots were identical in plant size and identical in runner production, and both were significantly different from the non-solarized and non-fumigated plots. Similar results were obtained for the sexual responses, yield, and fruit size. Solarization should be tested sufficiently in detail as a possible procedure to replace some methyl-bromide fumigation.
The biggest problem may be difficulty getting the temperature high enough to be adequately effective.
Unknown Cultivars of Cold-hardy Grape Can Be Successfully Identified by Their Simples Sequence Repeat (SSR) Fingerprints
Authors: Lamboy Warren F. , Alpha Christopher A. , Peterson David V. 
Published: February 2019

Simple sequence repeat DNA fragments (SSRs) have been suggested as the method of choice for DNA fingerprinting of grape cultivars. Nevertheless, the use of SSRs as a practical fingerprinting method is not without its pitfalls. For example, when the polymerase chain reaction is used to amplify SSR sequences, potentially confusing “stutter” bands may occur, or there may be non-template directed addition of an “A” to the end of synthesized fragments, or other artifactual amplification products may be produced. Since we would like to fingerprint our entire cold-hardy grape collection of ≈1300 cultivars, we decided to conduct a blind test to determine if SSR fingerprinting actually would be practical in our circumstances. First, SSR fingerprints were established for 45 commercially important cool-climate grape cultivars, the known standards. Then, SSR fingerprints were produced for 44 “unknown” cultivars grown in the Finger Lakes Region of New York. The identities of these were known only to the third author. To independently identity these “unknowns,” their fingerprints were compared to those of the known standards. By this means, 42 of the 44 “unknowns” were immediately correctly identified. The identity of one of the two remaining unknowns was truly not known to the vineyard owner; it was identified as Cabernet Franc, a grape commonly grown in the region. The final “unknown” was a plant of Pinot Blanc, whose fingerprint matched those of both the known and the unknown Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir plants, but did not match that of the Pinot Blanc plants used as standards. This was surprising, since all three Pinot's varieties are simply fruit color mutants of the same genotype. Further investigation revealed that the known plants of “Pinot Blanc” had been misidentified, and actually were the cultivar Melon. Thus, identification of the “unknown” Pinot Blanc as Pinot Noir or Pinot Gris was correct, as were the identifications of the 43 other `unknowns.”
This study confirmed that SSR fingerprinting is a practical method for identifying cool-climate grape cultivars.
(153) Delighted Consumers Buy Again
Authors: Hicks Jessica M. , Behe Bridget K. , Page Thomas J. , Dennis Jennifer H. , Fernandez R. Thomas 
Published: February 2019

Customers take some risk when they buy plants, and the emotions they experience from that purchase are important indications of whether they will return to buy again. Previous research by Dennis et al. showed that regret, a negative emotion, caused consumer switching behavior by their intentions to either buy an alternative product, purchase products from an alternative retailer, or switch out of gardening entirely. What happens when things go right? Customer satisfaction has been the metric businesses use to quantify success in customer retention. If customers who regret the purchase switch, do happy customers return to buy again? This research investigated the role of customer satisfaction, delight (a positive emotion), and prior plant knowledge on repurchase intentions. An Internet survey with 659 flowering plant purchasers throughout the U.S. was conducted in Sept. 2004 to examine the initial purchase and the actual performance of the plant following purchase. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with LISREL software. Results showed that customer satisfaction level and delight were not affected by prior plant knowledge. Satisfaction level did not affect repurchase intentions, but customer delight did. Results were consistent with existing literature, indicating that greater emphasis should be placed on delighting consumers, rather than merely satisfying them.
(18) Biodiversity of the Flavonoid Phlorizin in a Subset of the USDA Apple Germplasm Core Collection
Authors: Einhorn Todd C. , Stushnoff Cecil , McSay Ann E. , Forsline Phil L. , Cox Sam , Ehrenkranz Joel R.L. , Sandoval Loretta 
Published: February 2019

Phlorizin is known for its role in reducing glucotoxicity and has a long history of use in diabetes research. In addition, its contribution to the pool of total phenolics adds to the overall health benefits attributed to fruit. Phlorizin is limited to Rosaceae family plants, of which apple comprises its current commercial source; however, limited information exists regarding its biodiversity among apple taxa. A subset of 22 taxa from a core collection of apple accessions representative of the global genetic diversity of apple was used to investigate the biodiversity of phlorizin present in apple shoots and in fruit relative to total phenolic content and free radical scavenging capacity. Fruit and shoots were harvested from the USDA Plant Genetic Resources Unit in Geneva, N.Y. Validation and quantification of phlorizin was conducted using a rigorous high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure. Total phenolics in fruit, assayed using a Folin-Ciocalteu method and expressed as gallic acid equivalents, ranged from 227 to 7181 mg·L-1 and were strongly related to 2,2' azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) antioxidant capacity for the core collection (r= 0.778). On a molar basis, phlorizin had lower antioxidant capacity than other major phenolic compounds present in apple fruit, but was more effective than ascorbic acid. Phlorizin yield in dormant apple shoots, expressed as percent weight, ranged from 0.9% to 5.5%. A rapid, 96 well micro-plate spectrophotometric assay was also developed to aid in the screening of multiple samples for selection of high phlorizin yielding apple taxa. Spectrophotometry overestimated phlorizin content as expected, but the calibration curve between HPLC and spectrophotometry was acceptable, r2 = 0.88.
(337) Effect of Selenium Supply by Trunk Injection on Fruit Quality of `Niitaka' Asian Pear
Authors: Kim Wol-Soo , Jo Jung-An , Chung Soon-Ju 
Published: February 2019

Many trials to supply selenium to fruit have been carried out since tests have confirmed selenium's role as a medical substance. Supplying selenium in orchards by soil and foliar application was not effective because of loss from rainfall. In order to increase selenium absorption by fruit, this study carried out tree trunk injections during the growing season. Selenium solutions in concentrations of 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg·L–1 were supplied to `Niitaka' pear (Pyruspyrifolia) trees by trunk injection (1.5 L/tree) four times at 15-day intervals from June 2004. The treatment with 50 mg·L–1 selenium showed necrosis symptoms at leaf-margins after secondary treatment and toxicity as abnormally red fruit skin color. Fruit weight and leaf area were decreased by selenium treatments, while severe symptoms appeared with higher selenium concentrations. Hunter values `a' and `b' in fruit skin color were increased by selenium treatment in comparison to the control. The selenium treatment showed lower soluble solids by as much as 1.2%, and higher fruit firmness. Selenium concentration in pear fruit was increased by trunk injection with a 5 mg·L–1 solution. The bound selenium in pear fruit after 3 months of storage in cold room conditions was very high, but free selenium was low.
(127) Effects of Substrate on Nutrient Uptake and Nitrate Leaching in Lilies
Authors: Merhaut Donald J. , Newman Julie P. 
Published: February 2019

Lilies are produced throughout the year in coastal areas of California. Cultural practices involve daily applications of water and fertilizer, using both controlled release fertilizers (CRF) and liquid fertilizers (LF). However, many production facilities are in proximity to coastal wetlands and are therefore at greater risk of causing nitrogen pollution via runoff and leaching. Due to federal and state regulations, nurseries must present a plan of best management practices (BMPs) to mitigate nutrient runoff and leaching and begin implementing these practices in the next 2 years. In the following studies, we determined the potential for nitrate leaching from four different types of substrates (coir, coir: peat, peat, and native soil). There were four replications of each treatment, with a replication consisting of one crate planted with 25 bulbs. Two cultivars were used in two separate experiments, `Star Fighter' and `Casa Blanca'. Nitrate leaching was determined by placing an ion-exchange resin bag under each crate at the beginning of the study. After plant harvest (14–16 weeks), resin bags were collected and analyzed for nitrate content. Plant tissues were dried and ground and analyzed for nitrogen content. Based on the results of these studies, it appears that the use of coir, peat, and soil may not influence plant growth significantly. Substrate type may mitigate the amount of nitrate leaching through the media. However, the cultivar type may also influence the degree of nitrate mitigation, since leaching results varied between the two cultivars.
(129) Effect of Foliar Application of Calcium, Boron, and Molybdenum in Nutrient Content of Poinsettia Plants
Authors: Ayala Juan , Castillo Ana-Maria , Colinas Maria-Teresa , Pineda Joel 
Published: February 2019

The effect of foliar application of calcium, boron, and molybdenum on macronutrient and micronutrient content of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) plants cv. Supjibi was evaluated. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in 7-inch containers. Fourteen treatments were applied (10 replicates per treatment); these were formed by three calcium levels (calcium nitrate at 300, 400, and 500 mg·L-1), boron (borax at 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 mg·L-1), and molybdenum (sodium molybdate at 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg·L-1) and their combinations. Plants were spayed three times during the growing period: 51, 72, and 94 days after transplant. Plants were covered with black polyethylene from 5 pm to 7 am every day in order to induce bract development. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Mo, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu content was evaluated 2 weeks after finishing the induction period. The treatment with a combination of Ca+Mo increased by 26% the N content compared with the control. Application of B+Mo, and Ca+B decreased the P content by 32% and 28%, respectively. Treatment with Ca+B+Mo increased foliar K by 46%. B+Mo increased 72.5% Ca content, 38% Mg, and there was about 75 times more Cu than in the control (2.20 vs. 166.7 mg·L-1). Treatments with Ca and B decreased Mn content by 32.7%. Ca (500 mg·L-1) decreased B content by 76%. Treatments did not have any significance on Mo, Fe, and Zn content. As a general conclusion it can be said that foliar applications of Ca, B, Mo, alone or in certain combinations, affected significantly the content of foliar nutrients due to specific nutrient interactions in plants.
Microsatellite Markers Developed from `Bluecrop' Reveal Polymorphisms in the Genus Vaccinium and Are Suitable for Cultivar Fingerprinting
Authors: Boches Peter , Rowland Lisa J. , Hummer Kim , Bassil Nahla V. 
Published: February 2019

Microsatellite markers for blueberry (Vaccinium L.) were created from a preexisting blueberry expressed sequence tag (EST) library of 1305 sequences and a microsatellite-enriched genomic library of 136 clones. Microsatellite primers for 65 EST-containing simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 29 genomic SSR were initially tested for amplification and polymorphism on agarose gels. Potential usefulness of these SSRs for estimating species relationships in the genus was assessed through cross-species transference of 45 SSR loci and cluster analysis using genetic distance values from five highly polymorphic EST-SSR loci. Cross-species amplification for 45 SSR loci ranged from 17% to 100%, and was 83% on average in nine sections. Cluster analysis of 59 Vaccinium species based on genetic distance measures obtained from 5 EST-SSR loci supported the concept of V. elliotii Chapm. as a genetically distinct diploid highbush species and indicated that V. ashei Reade is of hybrid origin. Twenty EST-SSR and 10 genomic microsatellite loci were used to determine genetic diversity in 72 tetraploid V. corymbosum L. accessions consisting mostly of common cultivars. Unique fingerprints were obtained for all accessions analyzed. Genetic relationships, based on microsatellites, corresponded well with known pedigree information. Most modern cultivars clustered closely together, but southern highbush and northern highbush cultivars were sufficiently differentiated to form distinct clusters. Future use of microsatellites in Vaccinium will help resolve species relationships in the genus, estimate genetic diversity in the National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) collection, and confirm the identity of clonal germplasm accessions.
INFLUENCE OF COMPOST ON VEGETABLE CROP NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Sanders D.C. , Reyes L.M. , Monks D.W. , Jennings K.M. , Louws F.J. , Driver J.G. 
Published: February 2019

Tomato, pepper, and cucumber were grown for consecutive years using compost from two North Carolina cities (Lexington and Edenton) and McGill Composts (CMC) sources and CMC amended with Tracoderma 382. Treatments included compost with an untreated control and Telone C-35 (Telone) with and without additional fertilizer. The objective was to evaluate compost influence on yield and pest management. Results showed significant differences between treatments and among years. Cucumber and pepper had higher total and marketable yields in 2005 than in 2004. Although tomato yield was lower in 2005 than in 2004 it was evident that CMC+Telone had a higher marketable and total plant dry weight in both years. Two year data showed that combinations of treatments with CMC and Telone (Telone+fertilizer, CMC+Telone, CMC+T382) produced higher yield for tomato and cucumber. Composts from Lexington and Edenton produced more number 2 grade peppers, but treatments did not differ in total and marketable yield. In general compost treatments with or without amendments showed better results in crop yields than the control. Weed counts by species were determined on all plots. Pepper had the greatest number of weeds relative to cucumber and tomato. Organic amendments seem to increase the action of the compost source in several crops. Combination of treatments may depend on the particular crop.