bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women in the boardroom and corporate social performance: negotiating the double bind
Authors: Fernandez Whitney Douglas , Burnett Meredith F. , Gomez Carolina B. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use insights from role congruity theory to explore how organizational context moderates the relationship between the representation of women on boards and corporate social performance (CSP).Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses are tested using a panel of S&P 500 firms observed from 2001 to 2011. The authors utilize the generalized estimating equations technique with Heckman’s two-stage approach to correct for endogeneity.FindingsThe findings reveal that four firm-level variables – voluntary initiative membership, deviation from prior financial performance, internationalization and product diversification – moderate the relationship between the representation of women on boards and CSP. These findings suggest that women directors have the ability to prioritize and advocate for social issues in the boardroom to a greater extent when firms provide a context that values their communal orientation. In contrast, the relationship between women directors and CSP weakens when the context encourages a focus on the bottom line.Originality/valueThis study reconciles mixed findings from previous research and contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between women directors and social performance by providing a theory-driven perspective of the circumstances under which women directors have a stronger or weaker impact on CSP. The authors extend role congruity theory by integrating contextual factors that may either diminish or amplify the effects of the expected directors’ gender roles on their behavior and decision making.
Management as a profession: a typology based assessment
Authors: Segon Michael John , Booth Chris , Pearce Jeremy 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to establish a typology of a profession and to then assess the circumstances under which management could be classified as a profession against such a typology.

Design/methodology/approach
The current paper is conceptual. The research approach consists of formulating a typology of a profession based on the literature research methodology. The resulting typology is applied to assess management as a profession.

Findings
Although there have been efforts in recent literature and media commentary to position management as a profession, no thorough conceptually based analysis to rigorously analyze nor test this claim against the dominant arguments in the literature has been undertaken. The typology presents comprehensive research and analysis across disciplines to identify the circumstances under which management could be considered a profession.

Research limitations/implications
The paper offers a complete typology upon which to classify a profession. It provides highly supported arguments to discern elements of a profession. The key limitation lies in capturing and organizing extensive concepts and views across diverse literature disciplines to refine a holistic perspective (i.e. accountancy, business management, ethics, psychology and sociology).

Practical implications
This conceptual typology enables the design of a highly operable assessment system. It considers requisite standards for professions. It also informs potential professional bodies of the obligations to which they and their members must adhere to achieve and retain the status of a profession.

Originality/value
A comprehensive typology indicating the interdependent requirements and obligations required by a profession has not been espoused in either popular business journals or academic journals across the discipline areas now covered by this research investigation. The contribution provides a comprehensive academic argument to answer the question: can management be considered a profession?
Developing an inverse range directional measure model to deal with positive and negative values
Authors: Yousefi Sara , Farzipoor Saen Reza , Seyedi Hosseininia Seyed Shahrooz 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
To manage cash flow in supply chains, the purpose of this paper is to propose inverse data envelopment analysis (DEA) model.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper develops an inverse range directional measure (RDM) model to deal with positive and negative values. The proposed model is developed to estimate input and output variations such that not only efficiency score of decision making unit (DMU) remains unchanged, but also efficiency score of other DMUs do not change.

Findings
Given that auto making industry deals with huge variety and volumes of parts, cash flow management is so important. In this paper, inverse RDM models are developed to manage cash flow in supply chains. For the first time, the authors propose inverse DEA models to deal with negative data. By applying the inverse DEA models, managers distinguish efficient DMUs from inefficient ones and devise appropriate strategies to increase efficiency score. Given results of inverse integrated RDM model, other combinations of cash flow strategies are proposed. The suggested strategies can be taken into account as novel strategies in cash flow management. Interesting point is that such strategies do not lead to changes in efficiency scores.

Originality/value
In this paper, inverse input and output-oriented RDM model is developed in presence of negative data. These models are applied in resource allocation and investment analysis problems. Also, inverse integrated RDM model is developed.
The economic and financial viability of sheltered employment centres
Authors: Gelashvili Vera , Aguilar Pastor Eva María , Segovia-Vargas María-Jesús , Camacho-Miñano Maria-del-Mar 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether sheltered employment centers (CEEs) which have a higher rate of professionalization of their managers have better economic returns than those that have a lower one.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire has been drawn up for their managers. After collecting the answers, an index of professionalization classifies the CEEs with managers of high, medium and low levels of professionalism. This index is then correlated with the main financial ratios of companies.

Findings
The results show that companies with the highest level of managers’ professionalization, on average, have higher economic returns than companies with medium and low rates, although the difference is not very high. This study is an important contribution to academic literature, as it is the first to examine the professionalization of CEE managers.

Research limitations/implications
Finally, this paper is not short of limitations. The number of responses is small but there are similar studies with similar response rates. Additionally, the scarcity of responses may suggest that there is a lack of interest about the utility of professionalization by some CEEs managers because, perhaps, they do not have the necessary competences to understand its importance in management.

Practical implications
This study has some main implications for stakeholders: first, CEEs must pay more attention to the professionalization of their management team, because professionalization can lead to meeting its goals and guaranteeing the firm’s growth. Second, training programs in skills and attitudes should be designed to strengthen these competencies. Moreover, managers of social firms should know that the establishment of strategic plans will be useful to identify new opportunities in the market.

Social implications
Given the important role of these social firms for the employment of people with disabilities, training programs should be promoted by government in order to ensure the professionalization of these companies.

Originality/value
This research is an important contribution to the literature on this subject because there are no studies about the level of professionalization of CEEs, companies that represent an important value for the economy of a country.
Fundamental solution of the system of equations of pseudo oscillations in the theory of thermoelastic diffusion materials with double porosity
Authors: Kansal Tarun 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper to construct the fundamental solution of partial differential equations in the generalized theory of thermoelastic diffusion materials with double porosity.Design/methodology/approachThe paper deals with the study of pseudo oscillations in the generalized theory of thermoelastic diffusion materials with double porosity.FindingsThe paper finds the fundamental solution of partial differential equations in terms of elementary functions.Originality/valueAssuming the displacement vector, volume fraction fields, temperature change and chemical potential functions in terms of oscillation frequency in the governing equations, pseudo oscillations have been studied and finally the fundamental solution of partial differential equations in case of pseudo oscillations in terms of elementary functions has been constructed.
Approximate static aeroelastic analysis of composite wings
Authors: Kobelev Vladimir 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider divergence of composite plate wings as well as slender wings with thin-walled cross-section of small-size airplanes. The main attention is paid to establishing of closed-form mathematical solutions for models of wings with coupling effects. Simplified solutions for calculating the divergence speed of wings with different geometry are established.Design/methodology/approachThe wings are modeled as anisotropic plate elements and thin-walled beams with closed cross-section. Two-dimensional plate-like models are applied to analysis and design problems for wings of large aspect ratio.FindingsAt first, the equations of elastic deformation for anisotropic slender, plate-like wing with the large aspect ratio are studied. The principal consideration is delivered to the coupled torsion-bending effects. The influence of anisotropic tailoring on the critical divergence speed of the wing is examined in closed form. At second, the method is extended to study the behavior of the large aspect ratio, anisotropic wing with box-like wings. The static equations of the wing with box-like profile are derived using the theory of anisotropic thin-walled beams with closed cross-section. The solutions for forward-swept wing with box-like profiles are given in analytical formulas. The formulas for critical divergence speed demonstrate the dependency upon cross-sectional shape characteristics and anisotropic properties of the wing.Research limitations/implicationsThe following simplifications are used: the simplified aerodynamic theory for the wings of large aspect ratio was applied; the static aeroelastic instability is considered (divergence); according to standard component methodology, only the component of wing was modeled, but not the whole aircraft; the simplified theories (plate-lime model for flat section or thin-walled beam of closed-section) were applied; and a single parameter that defines the rotation of a stack of single layers over the face of the wing.Practical implicationsThe simple, closed-form formulas for an estimation of critical static divergence are derived. The formulas are intended for use in designing of sport aircraft, gliders and small unmanned aircraft (drones). No complex analysis of airflow and advanced structural and aerodynamic models is necessary. The expression for chord length over the span of the wing allows for accounting a board class of wing shapes.Social implicationsThe derived theory facilitates the use of composite materials for popular small-size aircraft, and particularly, for drones and gliders.Originality/valueThe closed-form solutions for thin-walled beams in steady gas flow are delivered in closed form. The explicit formulas for slender wings with variable chord and stiffness along the wing span are derived.
Spectral quasi-linearization method for Casson fluid with homogeneous heterogeneous reaction in presence of nonlinear thermal radiation over an exponential stretching sheet
Authors: Das Subrata , Mondal Hiranmoy , Kundu Prabir Kumar , Sibanda Precious 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe focus of the paper is only on the contributions toward the use of entropy generation of non-Newtonian Casson fluid over an exponential stretching sheet. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the entropy generation and homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction. Velocity and thermal slips are considered instead of no-slip conditions at the boundary.Design/methodology/approachBasic equations in form of partial differential equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations and then solved using the spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM).FindingsThe validity of the model is established using error analysis. Variation of the velocity, temperature, concentration profiles and entropy generation against some of the governing parameters are presented graphically. It is to be noted that the increase in entropy generation due to increase in heterogeneous reaction parameter is due to the increase in heat transfer irreversibility. It is further noted that the Bejan number decreases with Brinkman number because increase in Brinkman number reduces the total entropy generation.Originality/valueThis paper acquires realistic numerical explanations for rapidly convergent temperature and concentration profiles using the SQLM. Convergence of the numerical solutions was monitored using the residual error of the PDEs. The resulting equations are then integrated using the SQLM. The influence of emergent flow, heat and mass transfer parameters effects are shown graphically.
Board-level vapor phase soldering (VPS) with different temperature and vacuum conditions
Authors: Huang Lijuan , Zhu Zhenghu , Wu Hiarui , Long Xu 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Vapor phase soldering (VPS), also known as condense soldering, is capable of improving the mechanical reliability of solder joints in electronic packaging structures. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
In the present study, VPS is utilized to assemble two typical packaging types (i.e. ceramic column grid array (CCGA) and BGA) for electronic devices with lead-containing and lead-free solders. By applying the peak soldering temperatures of 215°C and 235°C with and without vacuum condition, the void formation and intermetallic compound (IMC) thickness are compared for different packaging structures with lead-containing and lead-free solder alloys.

Findings
It is found that at the soldering temperature of 215°C, CCGA under a vacuum condition has fewer voids but BGA without vacuum environment has fewer voids despite of the existence of lead in solder alloy. In light of contradictory phenomenon about void formation at 215°C, a similar CCGA device is soldered via VPS at the temperature of 235°C. Compared with the size of voids formed at 215°C, no obvious void is found for CCGA with vacuum at the soldering temperature of 235°C. No matter what soldering temperature and vacuum condition are applied, the IMC thickness of CCGA and BGA can satisfy the requirement of 1.0–3.0 µm. Therefore, it can be concluded that the soldering temperature of 235°C in vacuum is the optimal VPS condition for void elimination. In addition, shear tests at the rate of 10 mm/min are performed to examine the load resistance and potential failure mode. In terms of failure mode observed in shear tests, interfacial shear failure occurs between PCB and bulk solder and also within bulk solder for CCGA soldered at temperatures of 215°C and 235°C. This means that an acceptable thicker IMC thickness between CCGA solder and device provides greater interfacial strength between CCGA and device.

Originality/value
Due to its high I/O capacity and satisfactory reliability in electrical and thermal performance, CCGA electronic devices have been widely adopted in the military and aerospace fields. In the present study, the authors utilized VPS to assemble a typical type of CCGA with the control package of conventional BGA to investigate the relation between essential condition (i.e. soldering temperature and vacuum) to void formation.
Cover crops in arable lands increase functional complementarity and redundancy of bacterial communities
Authors: Alahmad Abdelrahman , Decocq Guillaume , Spicher Fabien , Kheirbeik Louay , Kobaissi Ahmad , Tetu Thierry , Dubois Frédéric , Duclercq Jérôme 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Reducing the deleterious effects of intensive tillage and fertilization on ecosystem integrity and human health is challenging for sustainable agriculture. The use of cover crops has been advocated as a suitable technique for this purpose, but scientific evidence to support this has been scarce.

After four years and a complete rotation, including wheat, maize, and green pea as main crops in a ploughing system, we investigated the respective and combined effects of cover crops and nitrogen fertilization on soil chemical and biological properties using a controlled experiment combining soil chemical analyses, high‐throughput sequencing and community level physiological profiles.

Cover crops impeded the soil carbon and nitrogen depletion induced by intensive tillage, not only in the topsoil but also within deeper soil horizons, where more specialized bacterial communities established.

Cover crops induced a significant shift in soil bacterial community diversity and composition, which was associated with changes in soil chemical features and bacterial metabolic activities along the entire soil profile.

Cover crops enhanced soil resilience to nitrogen fertilization by increasing functional redundancy and complementarity within soil bacterial communities and across soil horizons.

Synthesis and applications. In the ploughing systems commonly used for intensive agriculture in Western Europe, the use of cover crops fosters a high functional diversity among soil bacteria and thus can help to achieve a more sustainable agriculture by reducing nitrogen fertilization while maintaining yields.
Corporate power in Australian policy making: The case of unfair contract laws
Authors: Edwards Lindy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is increasing concern about the impact of corporate power on Australian policy making. This article examines the dynamics of corporate influence by examining the battle between big business and small business over “unfair contract” laws. It explores whether big business exerted disproportionate power, and if it did whether it was structural, ideational, or instrumental power. It finds that while recent scholarship has been focused on structural and ideational sources of power, there is strong evidence of a narrowly conceived instrumental power exerting considerable influence within both of the major parties. Further, it concludes this form of instrumental power presents the most serious threat to democratic policy making.
Baicalin, Baicalein, and Lactobacillus Rhamnosus JB3 Alleviated Helicobacter pylori Infections in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Chen Mu‐En , Su Chiu‐Hsian , Yang Jai‐Sing , Lu Chi‐Cheng , Hou Yu‐Chi , Wu Jin‐Bin , Hsu Yuan‐Man 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHelicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The flavonoid compounds baicalin and baicalein found in many medicinal plants exhibit an anti‐inflammatory effect. The administration of Lactobacillus strains reducing the risk of H. pylori infection is well accepted. In this study, the therapeutic effects against H. pylori infection of baicalin, baicalein, and L. rhamnosus JB3 (LR‐JB3), isolated from a dairy product, were investigated. Compared to baicalin, baicalein exhibited stronger anti‐H. pylori activity and cytotoxicity on human gastric cancer epithelial AGS cells. Baicalin and baicalein both suppressed the vacA gene expression of H. pylori and interfered with the adhesion and invasion ability of H. pylori to AGS cells, as well as decreased H. pylori‐induced interleukin (IL)‐8 expression. In the mice infection model, high dosages of baicalin and baicalein inhibited H. pylori growth in the mice stomachs. Serum IL‐1β levels and H. pylori‐specific serum IgM and IgA levels in mice treated with baicalin and baicalein were decreased. Moreover, a synergistic therapeutic effect of baicalein and LR‐JB3 on eradicating H. pylori infections was observed. Thus, administrating baicalin, baicalein, or LR‐JB3 for an H. pylori infection could offer similar therapeutic effects to administering antibiotics while not disturbing the balance of gut microbiota. This study revealed the effects of baicalin, baicalein, and LR‐JB3 on attenuating the virulence of H. pylori. The synergistic effect with baicalein and LR‐JB3 provides the experimental rationale for testing the reliability, safety, and efficacy of this approach in higher animals and perhaps ultimately in humans to eradicate H. pylori infections.Practical ApplicationBaicalin and baicalein exert health promotion and avoidance of H. pylori infections by interfering with H. pylori growth and virulence. Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB3 was used to reduce the gastric inflammation caused by H. pylori infection.
Shifts in the functional topography of frontal cortex‐striatum connectivity in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Gerchen Martin Fungisai , Rentsch Alena , Kirsch Martina , Kiefer Falk , Kirsch Peter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFrontostriatal circuits are centrally involved in the selection of behavioral programs and play a prominent role in alcohol use disorder (AUD) as well as other mental disorders. However, how frontal regions change their striatal connectivity to implement adaptive cognitive control is still not fully understood. Here, we developed an approach for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) connectivity analysis in which we change the focus from connectivity to individual voxels towards spatial information about the location of strongest functional connectivity. In resting state data of n = 66 participants with AUD and n = 40 healthy controls (HC) we used the approach to estimate frontostriatal connectivity gradients consistent with nonhuman primate tract‐tracing studies, characterized for each frontal voxel the striatal peak connectivity location on this gradient (PeaCoG), and tested for group differences and associations with clinical variables. We identified a cluster in the right orbitofrontal cortex (rOFC) with a peak connectivity shift towards ventral striatal regions in AUD. Reduced variability of rOFC striatal peak connectivity in the AUD group suggests a “clamping” to the ventral striatum as the underlying effect. Within the AUD group striatal peak connectivity in the superior frontal gyrus was associated with self‐efficacy to abstain from alcohol, in the medial frontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with alcohol dependency, and in the right inferior frontal gyrus with the urge to consume alcohol. Our results demonstrate that the functional topography of frontostriatal circuits exhibits interindividual variability, which provides insight into frontostriatal network adaptations in AUD and potentially other mental disorders.