bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classical Type 1 Dendritic Cells Dominate Priming of Th1 Responses to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Skin Infection
Authors: Harpur Christopher M. , Kato Yu , Dewi Shinta T. , Stankovic Sanda , Johnson Darryl N. , Bedoui Sammy , Whitney Paul G. , Lahoud Mireille H. , Caminschi Irina , Heath William R. , Brooks Andrew G. , Gebhardt Thomas 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
CD4+ T cell responses are crucial for the control of many intracellular pathogens, yet the requirements for their induction are not fully understood. To better understand the role that various dendritic cell (DC) subtypes play in CD4+ T cell priming, we compared in vivo T cell responses to skin inoculation of mice with infectious or UV-inactivated HSV type 1. Localized infection elicited a Th1 response that was primed in skin-draining lymph nodes involving Ag presentation by migratory dermal and lymph node–resident DC. However, expansion and Th1 differentiation was impaired in response to UV-inactivated virus (UV-HSV), and this defect correlated with a restriction of Ag presentation to migratory CD103– dermal DC. A similar differentiation defect was seen in infected mice lacking CD8α+ and CD103+ classical type 1 DC (cDC1). Finally, Th1 differentiation after UV-HSV inoculation was rescued by targeted Ag delivery to CD8α+ and CD103+ cDC1 using an anti-Clec9A Ab construct. This suggests that Ag presentation by cDC1 is crucial for optimal Th1 immunity to HSV type 1 infection and potentially other pathogens of the skin.
Activation of the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Receptor GPR120 Protects against Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Preventing Inflammation and Apoptosis in Mice
Authors: Ren Zhiping , Chen Lin , Wang Yimeng , Wei Xinbing , Zeng Shenglan , Zheng Yi , Gao Chengjiang , Liu Huiqing 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
G protein–coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) has been shown to negatively regulate inflammation and apoptosis, but its role in cerebral ischemic injury remains unclear. Using an in vivo model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and an in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), we investigated the potential role and molecular mechanisms of GPR120 in focal cerebral ischemic injury. Increased GPR120 expression was observed in microglia and neurons following MCAO-induced ischemia in wild type C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) inhibited OGD-induced inflammatory response in primary microglia and murine microglial BV2 cells, whereas silencing of GPR120 strongly exacerbated the inflammation induced by OGD and abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of DHA. Mechanistically, DHA inhibited OGD-induced inflammation through GPR120 interacting with β-arrestin2. In addition to its anti-inflammatory function, GPR120 also played a role in apoptosis as its knockdown impaired the antiapoptotic effect of DHA in OGD-induced rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Finally, using MCAO mouse model, we demonstrated that GPR120 activation protected against focal cerebral ischemic injury by preventing inflammation and apoptosis. Our study indicated that pharmacological targeting of GPR120 may provide a novel approach for the treatment of patients with ischemic stroke.
High-Dose IL-2 Skews a Glucocorticoid-Driven IL-17+IL-10+ Memory CD4+ T Cell Response towards a Single IL-10–Producing Phenotype
Authors: Mann Elizabeth H. , Gabryšová Leona , Pfeffer Paul E. , O’Garra Anne , Hawrylowicz Catherine M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Glucocorticoids are known to increase production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and this action is associated with their clinical efficacy in asthmatics. However, glucocorticoids also enhance the synthesis of IL-17A by PBMCs, which, in excess, is associated with increased asthma severity and glucocorticoid-refractory disease. In this study, we show that the glucocorticoid dexamethasone significantly increased IL-10 production by human memory CD4+ T cells from healthy donors, as assessed by intracellular cytokine staining. In addition, dexamethasone increased production of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22, with the most striking enhancement in cells coproducing Th17-associated cytokines together with IL-10. Of note, an increase in IFN-γ+IL-10+ cells was also observed despite overall downregulation of IFN-γ production. These dexamethasone-driven IL-10+ cells, and predominantly the IL-17+IL-10+ double-producing cells, were markedly refractory to the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on proliferation and IL-2Rα expression, which facilitated their preferential IL-2–dependent expansion. Although lower concentrations of exogenous IL-2 promoted IL-10+ cells coproducing proinflammatory cytokines, higher IL-2 doses, both alone and in combination with dexamethasone, increased the proportion of single IL-10+ T cells. Thus, glucocorticoid-induced IL-10 is only accompanied by an increase of IL-17 in a low IL-2 setting, which is, nevertheless, likely to be protective owing to the induction of regulatory IL-17+IL-10+–coproducing cells. These findings open new avenues of investigation with respect to the role of IL-2 in glucocorticoid responsiveness that have potential implications for optimizing the benefit/risk ratio of glucocorticoids in the clinic.
Inflammasome and Caspase-1 Activity Characterization and Evaluation: An Imaging Flow Cytometer–Based Detection and Assessment of Inflammasome Specks and Caspase-1 Activation
Authors: Nagar Abhinit , DeMarco Richard A. , Harton Jonathan A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInflammasome dysregulation is a hallmark of various inflammatory diseases. Evaluating inflammasome-associated structures (ASC specks) and caspase-1 activity by microscopy is time consuming and limited by small sample size. The current flow cytometric method, time of flight inflammasome evaluation (TOFIE), cannot visualize ASC specks or caspase-1 activity, making colocalization studies of inflammasome components and enzymatic activity impossible. We describe a rapid, high-throughput, single-cell, fluorescence-based image analysis method utilizing the Amnis ImageStreamX instrument that quantitatively and qualitatively characterizes the frequency, area, and cellular distribution of ASC specks and caspase-1 activity in mouse and human cells. Unlike TOFIE, this method differentiates between singular perinuclear specks and false positives. With our technique we also show that the presence of NLRP3 reduces the size of ASC specks, which is further reduced by the presence of active caspase-1. The capacity of our approach to simultaneously detect and quantify ASC specks and caspase-1 activity, both at the population and single-cell level, renders it the most powerful tool available for visualizing and quantifying the impact of mutations on inflammasome assembly and activity.
ATP-Gated P2X7 Receptors Require Chloride Channels To Promote Inflammation in Human Macrophages
Authors: Janks Laura , Sprague Randy S. , Egan Terrance M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Immune cells of myeloid origin show robust expression of ATP-gated P2X7 receptors, two-transmembrane ion channels permeable to Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Receptor activation promotes inflammasome activation and release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. In this study, we show that ATP generates facilitating cationic currents in monocyte-derived human macrophages and permeabilizes the plasma membrane to polyatomic cationic dyes. We find that antagonists of PLA2 and Cl− channels abolish P2X7 receptor–mediated current facilitation, membrane permeabilization, blebbing, phospholipid scrambling, inflammasome activation, and IL-1β release. Our data demonstrate significant differences in the actions of ATP in murine and human macrophages and suggest that PLA2 and Cl− channels mediate innate immunity downstream of P2X7 receptors in human macrophages.
Filosofia, gênero e feminismo: hangout em ocasião do Dia Mundial da Filosofia da UNESCO 2017
Authors: Oliveira Fabio Alves Gomes , Cornelli Gabriele , Coelho Maria Cecília De Miranda Nogueira , Secco Gisele Dalva , Pugliese Nastassja , Brandão Renato Matoso 
Published: December 2018

No mês de Novembro de 2017, em ocasião do Dia Mundial da Filosofia da UNESCO, a Cátedra UNESCO Archai, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Metafísica da Universidade de Brasilia, organizou um hangout Unesco sobre o tema Filosofia, gênero e feminismo, do qual participaram diversxs colegas brasileirxs, especialistas do tema, acima assinadxs. A gravação integral do hangout está disponível aqui: https://youtu.be/LH5LwTegGG4. Segue abaixo uma transcrição, revista e adaptada pelxs autorxs.
Radiographic Categorization of the Hip-spine Syndrome in the Setting of Hip Osteoarthritis and Sagittal Spinal Malalignment
Authors: Diebo Bassel G. , Day Louis M. , Lafage Renaud , Passias Peter G. , Paulino Carl B. , Naziri Qais , Mont Michael A. , Errico Thomas J. , Schwab Frank J. , Lafage Virginie 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Interplay between degenerative hip and spine conditions (Hip-Spine Syndrome [HiSS]) warrants effective communication between respective surgeons. We identified radiographic parameters to distinguish a subset of patients with HiSS by evaluating hip osteoarthritis (HOA) in patients with and without spinopelvic malalignment, categorizing patients into respective HiSS types, and comparing radiographic parameters.

Methods:
All patients with full-body orthogonal radiography from 2013 to 2016 were reviewed (n = 1,389). Using sagittal/coronal hip radiographs, HOA (Kellgren-Lawrence Grade) was noted, and pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch (PI-LL) > 10° was considered spinal malalignment. Patients groups included non-HiSS (PI-LL ≤ 10°/Grade 0/n = 444), Hip (PI-LL ≤ 10°/Grade 3-4/n = 78), Spine (PI-LL > 10°/Grade 0/n = 297), or Hip-Spine (PI-LL > 10°/Grade 3-4/n = 30). Parameters were compared using ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni analysis.

Results:
HiSS Hip type patients had less hip extension capability compared with non-HiSS, Spine, and Hip-Spine type patients, reflected by lowest pelvic tilt (PT)/sagittal retroversion (11.3° versus 16.5°/29.2°/25.2°, respectively) and less hip extension per sacrofemoral angle (10.1° versus 19.5°/28.4°/23.1°, respectively) (P < 0.001), as well as 4.7° increase in anterior tilt/sagittal anteversion compared with age-matched individuals. Hip-Spine type patients had less pelvic retroversion than Spine type patients (P = 0.045); these differences were greater when referenced to age-matched individuals (P < 0.001). Hip-Spine type patients had less hip extension than Spine type patients (P = 0.013). Hip type patients had greater knee flexion than non-HiSS type patients (6.4° versus 2.6°; P < 0.001). Moreover, Hip-Spine type patients had comparable lower extremity alignment compared with Spine type patients, except for greater posterior pelvic shift.

Conclusion:
Our novel HiSS categorization used established classification methods and supported PT use to potentially improve the ability to discern HiSS types/pathologies in a subset of patients with HOA and spinal sagittal malalignment. HOA grade 3 to 4 with PT <15° are categorized as Hip type and those with PT >25° are Hip-Spine type with sagittal malalignment, which may impact acetabular arthroplasty component placement.
Prophylactic Versus Postfracture Stabilization for Metastatic Lesions of the Long Bones: A Comparison of 30-day Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: El Abiad Jad M. , Raad Micheal , Puvanesarajah Varun , Rao Sandesh S. , Morris Carol D. , Levin Adam S. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
The goals of orthopaedic treatment for most patients with osseous metastases are to control pain, maintain function, and maximize quality of life and time at home. The aim of this study was to determine differences in 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality between patients who underwent prophylactic versus postfracture stabilization for metastatic lesions of long bones.

Methods:
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients who underwent prophylactic fixation (n = 461) or postfracture stabilization (n = 856) for pathologic fractures because of metastatic lesions of long bones from 2006 to 2016. The groups were compared with respect to several potential confounders using Student t, Kruskal-Wallis, and χ2 tests. Logistic and Poisson regression models (inclusion threshold of P < 0.1) were used to assess the associations of functional status with outcomes. The alpha level was set at 0.05.

Results:
Prophylactic fixation was associated with a lower risk of major medical complications (odds ratio = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45 to 0.93; P = 0.02), discharge to a care facility rather than home (odds ratio = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.63; P < 0.01), and lower risk of a longer hospital stay (incidence risk ratio = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.96; P = 0.01) compared with postfracture stabilization. No significant difference was found in the risk of unplanned revision surgery or 30-day postoperative mortality between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Although prevention of pathologic fractures caused by metastatic disease may not always be possible, patients who underwent prophylactic stabilization had a lower risk of major complications within 30 days postoperatively and shorter hospital stays compared with patients who underwent postfracture stabilization.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV, retrospective cohort
Radiografers legemiddelhåndtering - en pilotstudie
Authors: Hellingsrud Næss Ola , Strand Aasand Martine , Rusandu Albertina 
Published: December 2018

Innledning: Radiografiens fagområder er i konstant utvikling. Det setter krav til utdanningen til arbeidsgiver og til profesjonsutøveren som skal forsikre seg om at kunnskaper og ferdigheter er ajour, og at man holder høy standard fra første til siste arbeidsdag. Det er forsket lite på hvordan radiografene opplever om de har tilstrekkelig kunnskap og erfaring rundt legemiddelhåndteringen.
Metode: En kvalitativ studie med observasjon av fem radiografer, som også inngikk i fokuserte intervjuer med hensikt å kartlegge opplevelser og vurderinger om sikkerheten i legemiddelhåndteringen, i yrkespraksisen. Resultater: Den daglige utførelsen av arbeidet vitner om trygghet i legemiddelhåndteringen, ved at håndterings-situasjoner preges av og høyt faglig kunnskapsnivå. Radiografene stiller seg likevel positive til mer jevnlig oppfølging, undervisning eller kursing ved arbeidsplassen, og diskusjoner om sikkerhet. Konklusjon: Radiografenes kunnskapsnivå innenfor legemiddellære erfares å være adekvat i henhold til målsettingen for emnet, i bachelor-utdanningen i radiografi. Imidlertid er dette en liten studie, og temaet bør følges opp videre.

Abstract
Introduction: The field of work in radiography is in constant development. This imposes requirements for both education, the professional practitioner herself, and for the employer who will ensure that knowledge and skills are up to date in order to maintain high standards at all times. Internationally organizational development and professional knowledge are continually calling for radiographer’s familiarization with the latest standards and techniques in this field. There has been little research on how radiographers experience if they have sufficient knowledge and experience in medication and drug administration.
Method: A qualitative study with observation of five radiographers, who also participated in focused interviews aimed at mapping their experiences and assessments about the safety of drug administration in professional practice.
Results: The observed performance of the radiographers´ work testifies to safe drug administration in that administration situations are characterized by a high academic level of knowledge. Still, radiographers are positive to more regular follow-up learning and/or training at the workplace, and discussions about drug administration safety.
Conclusion: Radiographers' level of knowledge in the field of drug administration was found to be adequate according to the expected learning outcomes of the bachelor education in radiography. However, this is a small study, and the subject should be followed up further.
Macrophages engulf apoptotic and primary necrotic thymocytes through similar phosphatidylserine‐dependent mechanisms
Authors: Budai Zsófia , Ujlaky‐Nagy László , Kis Gréta Nikoletta , Antal Miklós , Bankó Csaba , Bacsó Zsolt , Szondy Zsuzsa , Sarang Zsolt 
Published: December 2018

One of the major roles of professional phagocytes is the removal of dead cells in the body. We know less about the clearance of necrotic cells than apoptotic cell phagocytosis, despite the fact that both types of dead cells need to be cleared together and necrotic cells appear often in pathological settings. In the present study, we examined phagocytosis of heat‐ or H2O2‐killed necrotic and apoptotic thymocytes by mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro and found that the two cell types are engulfed at equal efficiency and compete with each other when added together to BMDMs. Phagocytosis of both apoptotic and necrotic thymocytes was decreased by (a) blocking phosphatidylserine on the surface of dying cells; (b) inhibition of Mer tyrosine kinase, Tim‐4, integrin β3 receptor signaling, or Ras‐related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 activity; or (c) using BMDMs deficient for transglutaminase 2. Stimulation of liver X, retinoid X, retinoic acid or glucocorticoid nuclear receptors in BMDMs enhanced not only apoptotic, but also necrotic cell uptake. Electron microscopic analysis of the engulfment process revealed that the morphology of phagosomes and the phagocytic cup formed during the uptake of dying thymocytes is similar for apoptotic and necrotic cells. Our data indicate that apoptotic and necrotic cells are cleared via the same mechanisms, and removal of necrotic cells in vivo can be facilitated by molecules known to enhance the uptake of apoptotic cells.
Assyria
Authors: Frahm Eckart 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Assyria is the Greek name of a powerful and long‐lasting ancient Near Eastern state centered on the Tigris River in upper Mesopotamia. The emergence of Assyrian civilization is closely linked to the city of Ashur, whose beginnings can be traced back to the third millennium
bce
. In the eighth and seventh centuries, Assyria ruled much of Western Asia. Between 616 and 609, a coalition of Babylonians and Medes brought Assyrian statehood to an end, but certain aspects of Assyrian civilization survived until the end of the Parthian period.
Kalhu (Nimrud)
Authors: Frahm Eckart 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Kalhu (modern Nimrud) was an Assyrian city located on the east bank of the Tigris River ca. 35 km southeast of Mosul. It was occupied from prehistoric times onward and served as Assyria's political capital during the ninth and eighth centuries
bce.
Kalhu was destroyed by Babylonian and Median troops between 614 and 612
bce
.
Nineveh
Authors: Frahm Eckart 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Nineveh was an Assyrian city located on the east bank of the Tigris River opposite modern Mosul. The earliest settlements on the site can be traced back to the seventh millennium
bce
. In the seventh century
bce
, Nineveh served as the capital of the Neo‐Assyrian empire and became the largest city in the world, with much of the new construction carried out under Sennacherib (704–681
bce
) and Assurbanipal (668–631
bce
). In 612
bce
, Nineveh was destroyed by Median and Babylonian troops.
Queens, ancient Near East
Authors: Melville Sarah C. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
From earliest times queens and queen mothers played important roles in the state hierarchy: they owned property, met foreign delegations, performed religious rituals, and corresponded with high officials. Despite their considerable power, queens did not appoint high officials, lead armies or deliver death sentences. A powerful counterpart to the reigning monarch, the queen was nonetheless subject to him like everyone else.
Uruk
Authors: Nissen Hans J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Uruk ((modern: al‐Warka’; Sumerian: unu(g)
ki
; OT: ‘rk; Greek: Ὀρχόη) is a city in southern Iraq, identified by W. K. Loftus in 1849 and excavated from 1912 to 1985 by German archaeologists.
Sieges and siegecraft, Byzantine
Authors: Sullivan Denis F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMethods of conducting sieges did not change radically from the demise of the Roman Empire to Byzantium. Sapping the walls, use of rams, siege towers, and ladders continued, although torsion artillery was replaced by the traction trebuchet. Evidence for sieges is found primarily from historians, although military manuals and archaeology add additional information.
Weaponry, Byzantine
Authors: Dawson Timothy 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Byzantine troops had a diverse array of weapons to choose from in order to be able to combat their diverse opponents effectively and respond efficiently to different situations. Infantry first employed projectiles which varied in their weight and range, then a variety of hand weapons for thrusting and striking The weapons of the cavalry were less disparate and depended upon the class of troop – archery, skirmisher, or cataphractos.
Xenoi
Authors: Zelnick‐Abramovitz Rachel 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The basic sense of the word xenos (plural xenoi) is “foreigner” – an outsider who stays for a short while in another community without becoming a full member of it. Xenoi usually applies to freeborn foreigners, but the word has a wider semantic range. A xenos could be (a) a “stranger” or “foreigner”; (b) a “guest” or a “host”; (c) a “mercenary soldier.”
Duris of Samos
Authors: Pownall Frances 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Duris of Samos was one of the most influential historians and literary figures of the Hellenistic Period. He is best known for his Macedonian history, which covered the reigns of Philip II of Macedon, Alexander the Great, and the early Successors. Because his work survives only in short fragments cited by later authorities, little can be determined with any certainty about his life and the character of his historical writing.
Joseph and Aseneth
Authors: Braginskaya Nina V. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Jewish Hellenistic apocryphon tells how an Egyptian priestess fell in love with Joseph who rejected her as a Gentile. After conversion to the true God Joseph married Aseneth. The story includes long psalms, an apocalyptic scene, initiation into the Mystery of the Most High, transfiguration of Aseneth into an angelomorphic creature, and the mystic City of Refuge, where all the believers are to be saved for the eternal Reign of the Lord. The second part narrates how an Egyptian prince involved four of Joseph's brothers in a plot against him and Aseneth; the prince had perished and Joseph became the ruler of Egypt. The apocryphon presents a symbolic figure of proselyte for Jewish diaspora and explains the biblical patriarch's marriage to a gentile maid. The story was interpreted as Christian, and was many times reworked all around the medieval world from England to Persia. The time and place of its origin is debated as much as its relationship with the Greek novel.
Therapeutae
Authors: Inowlocki‐Meister Sabrina 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The Therapeutae are a group of ascetic women and men celebrated by Philo of Alexandria (20
bce
–50
ce
) in his
De vita contemplativa
. Philo's treatise is our only first‐hand evidence for this group, which has often been associated to the Essenes. The Jewish philosopher focuses on the Therapeutae living near Alexandria, along Lake Mareotis. The two primary areas of focus in scholarship are the question whether this group actually existed, and the role of women – the so‐called Therapeutrides ‒ both in the work itself and in reality. The issues of genre and of the historical setting have also raised numerous debates.