bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of change in fertility desire on change in family planning use: A longitudinal investigation in urban Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Srivastava Ujjaval , Singh Anjali , Verma Prashant , Singh Kaushalendra Kumar 
Published: April 2019

Background: Reproductive choice is one of the rights of any woman, but women are often ambivalent towards fertility desires and choice of contraception. Our study explores how the change in fertility desires influence the change in use of modern contraception over time in six cities of Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods: Data for this study comes from the Measurement, Learning and Evaluation (MLE) Project for Urban Health Initiative in six cities of Uttar Pradesh. Our study sample consists of 8735 women (weighted n=8655) who were fertile, non-sterilized and non-pregnant at the time of baseline survey. Potential bias due to lost to follow up was addressed using inverse probability weighing and then generalized estimating equations were applied to get odds for change in use of modern contraceptives. Results: Contraceptive use increased by different magnitudes from baseline to endline across all six cities. At baseline and endline, women who desired no more children reported a higher use of modern contraception than those who desired more children over time. Women from all cities who desired no more children at baseline had higher odds of modern contraceptive use than that of women who desired more children. The tempo of change in use of modern contraception over time among women with different fertility desires differed across the considered cities. Conclusion: Although there were city-wise differences observed, women’s fertility intentions have an impact on their use of modern contraceptives over the time period between baseline to endline. To obtain greater insight into city-level differences, mixed method studies will be more effective.
Molecular understanding of pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis
Authors: Tanaka Sakae 
Published: April 2019

Osteoporosis is a serious health concern, particularly in aged societies. The burden of osteoporosis with its associated morbidity and mortality due to fracture has become a critical socioeconomic problem. Skeletal integrity is maintained through a balance of bone resorption and bone formation. The bone turnover process, called bone remodelling. Recently, a number of anti-osteoporosis drugs with excellent anti-osteoporosis and fracture effects have been developed. They are mainly classified into two groups according to their effects on bone remodelling: anti-resorptive agents and anabolic agents. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:158-164. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180018
A Comparison of Particulate Matter Exposures Between a Student’s Private Vehicle and Public Bus Transit Commutes
Authors: Patel Tirth M 
Published: April 2019

Daily commuters of public transportation and private vehicles are exposed to a wide range of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). However, evidence of differences between commuting method has been building. In this study, the personal ultrafine particle (UFP) and black carbon (BC) air pollution exposures of a high school student were measured during their daily commute. In total, 39 commutes made between the student’s home and school were measured. These commutes were either by bus or private vehicle. Data was analysed using box plots and T-tests of statistical significance. Levels of BC were not significantly higher on buses (mean(SD) = 849(645) ng/m3) than cars (650(689) ng/m3) (p-value = 0.199). For UFP, levels were significantly higher for bus commutes (9393(6923) pts/cm3) than those of private vehicle (4234(6446) pts/cm3) (p-value = 0.045). Our findings suggest that bus commuters may experience higher exposure to UFP relative to private vehicle commuters. The higher UFP exposure may be accounted by the fact that city buses can have a higher air exchange rate due to the constant opening of doors. As well, buses are mainly diesel vehicles, which are a strong source of UFP.
Self-Regulation and Feedback in an Educational Statistics Course
Authors: Williams Amanda S 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of feedback timing and quality on student self-regulatory behavior. Using a non-equivalent control-group design, students were assigned to either an immediate-detailed or delayed-grade-only feedback condition within the online statistics homework program, Aplia. The groups were then compared on levels of self-regulation and ratings of perceived homework effectiveness. Results indicate no significant differences between groups. Implications and the need for updated and more context specific measurements are discussed. Keywords: online homework; self-regulation; Aplia; graduate student; statistics course
Pendokumentasian Kegagalan pada Peralatan Main Liquid Fuel Pump GTG 1.1 dan Accessories Gear Train GTG 1.1 dengan Menggunakan Metode FMEA (Failure Mode & Effect Analysis)
Authors: Noorasheed Willy , Prahasto Toni , Munadi Munadi 
Published: April 2019

Perawatan suatu asset perusahaan merupakan salah satu aktivitas atau tindakan utama yang dilakukan dengan tujuan meningkatkan keselamatan kerja serta menekan biaya pengeluaran dari suatu perusahaan. Suatu perusahaan dapat dikatakan maju apabila kondisi pemasukan dari perusahaan tinggi dan pengeluaran kecil. Hal ini berkaitan dengan aktivitas dari perawatan suatu asset. Perawatan yang tidak sesuai memicu kerusakan atau timbulnya modus kegagalan dari suatu asset. Besarnya tingkat kerusakan dan perawatan yang kurang sesuai memberikan peluang akan terjadinya kerusakan baik yang dapat diperbaiki maupun yang harus diganti. Tingginya frekuensi suatu asset yang mengalami kerusakan yang mengharuskan untuk dilakukan pergantian mempengaruhi kondisi keuangan dari perusahaan tersebut. Disamping hal tersebut kerusakan pada suatu asset juga dapat mempengaruhi proses produksi yang berlangsung pada suatu perusahaan tersebut. Maka agar masalah tersebut teratasi salah satu solusi yang mampu mengatasi atau mengurangi tingkat kerusakan pada suatu asset yaitu melakukan perawatan yang sesuai. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisa terkait kondisi suatu asset yang rawan akan mengalami suatu kerusakan dengan menggunakan metode failure mode & effect analysis (FMEA). pada metode ini akan diidentifikasi mode kegagalan yang terjadi pada asset yang terkait. Proses identifikasi tersebut maka akan diberikan penilaian sesuai kondisi asset dilapangan. Dengan nilai tersebut maka dapat digunakan untuk memprioritaskan asset yang akan dilakukan tindakan perawatan. Hasil dari Penelitian ini didapatkan besar dari frekuensi terkecil excitation transformer (PPT) GTG 1.1, protection relay GTG 1.1, liquid fuel stop valve GTG 1.1, load compartment GTG 1.1 dengan memiliki frekuensi sebesar 52.3 minggu/ kegagalan.
WHAT MAKES TEACHERS DEVELOP PROFESSIONALLY: SOME REFLECTIONS ON MOTIVATIONAL ISSUES IN THE CONTEXT OF POST-GRADUATE STUDY PROGRAMMES
Authors: Droździał-Szelest Krystyna 
Published: April 2019

This article explores the concept of teacher professionalism, focusing primarily on factors motivating teachers to pursue professional development within the framework of formal, organized teacher development programmes offered by educational institutions. Its major purpose is to contribute to a better understanding of motivational issues involved in teacher education, or teacher learning, as it is sometimes referred to. Its other purpose is to liven up a discussion concerning language teacher education as a life-long experience. The article consists of two parts: its theoretical sections focus on the notions of professionalism and a professional, together with the concepts of autonomy and reflection/reflective practice, which are crucial from the point of view of teacher development. Next, factors motivating teachers to continue their development both as professionals and as individuals are addressed. The second part present and discusses results of a small-scale individual research project which yielded some interesting data pertaining to motivational issues involved in teacher learning.
Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
Authors: Zafar Muhammad Nadeem , Saeed Muzna , Nadeem Raziya , Sumrra Sajjad Hussain , Shafqat Syed Salman , Qayyum Muhammad Abdul 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study,Trapa bispinosa'speel (TBP) biomass is exploited as an effective, low cost and new adsorbent to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solution. TBP is pretreated and modified with HNO3, HClO4and H2O2to enhance the Pb(II) removal and it is perceived that chemical modifications enhance the adsorption capacity of TBP. The adsorption behavior of Pb(II) is studied under different conditions, including pH (3-6), TBP dose (0.050.8 g), stirring speed (100-200 rpm), initial Pb(II) ion concentration (25-400 mg L-1) and contact time (0-1440 min). Kinetic study reveals sorption is fast in first 15 to 30 min achieving equilibrium in 60 min with qmax(mg g-1) are 77.09, 105.40 and 123.82 for NT-TBP, NA-TBP and HCA-TBP respectively. The Langmuir model successfully defines the sorption data having higher R2and good agreement between theoretical and experimental uptake capacity of Pb(II). The kinetic study exhibits that the pseudo-second order rate equation is better portrayed sorption process. TBP modified with HClO4shows the highest metal uptake in comparison to HNO3, H2O2modified TBP and native TBP.
Possible inflammatory pain biomarkers in postamputation pain
Authors: Buch Nina Stockfleth , Nikolajsen Lone , Karlsson Páll 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Although chronic pain after amputation is frequent, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. It is widely accepted that the pathogenesis of postamputation pain is multifactorial, with both peripheral and central mechanisms playing an essential role. However, recent studies suggest that the immune system plays an important role in different neuropathic pain conditions, including postamputation pain. Eleven amputees were included in this clinical study. Information on the type and intensity of spontaneous postamputation pain was obtained and evoked pain responses for brush, cold, and warm allodynia and pinprick hyperalgesia were determined. In addition, skin biopsies were taken from the amputated site and a contralateral control site and analysed for possible markers of pain: IbA1 (macrophages), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP). Irrespectively of the type and intensity of postamputation pain, no differences were found in IbA1, CGRP, and SP levels between the amputated site and the control site. Although no differences between the sites were seen in this study, this new method seems promising for our understanding of skin changes in amputees. In future studies, staining for other cytokines and inflammatory mediators in skin biopsies could provide new insight into the mechanisms of postamputation pain.
Evaluation of news communication effect based on cognitive neuroscience
Authors: Chen Xiaozhu , Zhang Fang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Based on the development of cognitive neuroscience and communication science at home and abroad, this study introduces the application of cognitive neuroscience experiments in communication researches at home and abroad, including the research and application of communication effects in advertising, picture, video, web design and animation culture. This study discusses the important significance of relevant frontier achievements to the development of news communication science. The rise of cognitive neuroscience provides a new perspective for understanding the psychological cognitive mechanism of the audience and optimizing the communication effect of service media. On the basis of introducing the status quo of cognitive neuroscience in audience rating evaluation of news broadcast, this study introduces the advantages and functions of this method in audience rating evaluation of news broadcast with eye movement experiment as an example, which provides a new method and empirical case for seeking audience rating evaluation of news broadcast.
Influence of cognitive neural mechanism on music appreciation and learning
Authors: Lv Yang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Based on the related research results of the relationship between cognitive neural mechanism and music in recent years. In this paper, we study the relationship between the cognitive neurons and music from the overlapping and separation of brain neuro-mechanism and the significance of functional relationships between the two. Through analysis, it can be seen that the cognitive neural mechanism has a certain influence on music appreciation and learning and the studies on brain-damaged patients show that the two may have separate and independent neural bases. Finally, we find the influence of sub-consciousness on decision making through the measurement of SCRs (skin conductance responses), and thus propose a decision model modified by subconscious and make an outlook for future research trends.
Analysis on artist neuropsychology and art creation
Authors: Huang Yaqi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Based on Carl Gustav Jung’s persona philosophy, this paper conducts theoretical analysis on the introvert and extravert personalities, distinguishes the introvert personality from the psychopathy defined from a medical perspective, and elaborates on the dominance of introvert personality in art creations, as well as the “mental conditions” among artists that the contemporary society is concerned with. This paper uses modern artists as subjects to support the conclusion through analysis of their childhood, career and life stories.
Duration of over- and under-treatment of hypothyroidism is associated with increased cardiovascular risk
Authors: Lillevang-Johansen Mads , Abrahamsen Bo , Jørgensen Henrik Løvendahl , Brix Thomas Heiberg , Hegedüs Laszlo 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in both treated and untreated hypothyroid patients, and the consequences of over- and under-treatment with respect to cardiovascular risk.DesignA registry-based case–control study nested within a population-based cohort of 275 467 individuals with at least one serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) measurement in the period of 1995–2011.MethodsIncident cases of CVD were matched with controls according to gender, age and year of birth. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate CVD risks associated with exposure to hypothyroidism, with adjustment for 19 pre-existing comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, using the Charlson Comorbidity Index.ResultsOverall, 20 487 individuals experienced CVD (9.4%, incidence rate 13.1 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval (CI), 13.0–13.3). Risk of CVD was increased in untreated hypothyroidism compared to euthyroidism (odds ratio (OR): 1.83 (95% CI: 1.43–2.35;P < 0.001)). Cardiovascular risk was increased in both treated and untreated hypothyroid individuals per half year of elevated TSH (OR: 1.11 (95% CI: 1.06–1.16;P < 0.001) and OR: 1.15 (95% CI: 1.09–1.23;P = 0.001), respectively). In patients treated with levothyroxine, OR for CVD was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06–1.18;P < 0.001) for each 6 months of decreased TSH.ConclusionCardiovascular risk is increased in untreated, but not in treated hypothyroid patients. Among those with treated hypothyroidism, duration of decreased TSH (overtreatment) had a similar impact on cardiovascular risk as duration of elevated TSH (under-treatment), highlighting the importance of initiating treatment and maintaining biochemical euthyroidism in hypothyroid patients in order to reduce the risk of CVD and death.
Institutional Ethics Committees
Authors: Moon Margaret ,   COMMITTEE ON BIOETHICS, Macauley Robert C. , Geis Gina Marie , Laventhal Naomi Tricot , Opel Douglas J. , Sexson William R. , Statter Mindy B. 
Published: April 2019

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed June 2023.
In hospitals throughout the United States, institutional ethics committees (IECs) have become a standard vehicle for the education of health professionals about biomedical ethics, for the drafting and review of hospital policy, and for clinical ethics case consultation. In addition, there is increasing interest in a role for the IEC in organizational ethics. Recommendations are made about the membership and structure of an IEC, and guidance is provided for those serving on an IEC.
Diversity Of Rhizobia Isolated from Nodules of Indigenous Tree Legumes from the Brazilian Dry Forest
Authors: Lyra Maria do Carmo Catanho Pereira de , Freitas Ana Dolores Santiago de , Silva Maria Luiza Ribeiro Bastos da , Bezerra Rosemberg De Vasconcelos , Silva Vinicius Dos Santos Gomes da , Silva Aleksandro Ferreira da , Mergulhão Adália Cavalcanti do Espirito Santo , Dantas Edilândia Farias , Santos Carolina Etienne De Rosália e Silva 
Published: April 2019

The diversity of rhizobial isolates in tropical dry forests (TDF) has been studied due to the great importance of finding new species of bacteria capable of fixing nitrogen in tree legumes. In the Brazilian TDF (caatinga), Leguminosae is the most important family of plants, so the knowledge of microbial communities that make symbioses with native plants can help in the understanding of the interaction plant-microorganisms, as well as in the optimization of biological processes that can improve the cultivation system in an area so rich and understudied. In this study was determined the characteristics of rhizobia isolated from nodules of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir., Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth, grown in soils collected under caatinga vegetation. The phenotypic and molecular characterization of the isolates, with use of fingerprint markers such as BOX, REP, ERIC and BOX-PCR were performed. Amplification technique by duplex PCR with the nifH and nodC genes was used for the authentication of isolates. The results showed that given the variation found in the amplification of the nifH and nodC genes, the duplex PCR technique can show false-positive results, as these genes have a very large polymorphism. The lack of knowledge of isolates that make symbioses with these plants further help to conclude that this authentication technique cannot yet be applied to all legume-nodulating isolates. Regarding the analyses made with fingerprint markers, it was observed that all were very efficient in the ability to distinguish species and that the greater the number of markers used, the safer the knowledge on the taxonomy and diversity of rhizobia.
Método del Cenirrómetro como alternativa de programación de riego por aspersión en el cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao)
Authors: Gavilánez Luna Freddy Carlos , Farias Chica Stalin Rafael 
Published: April 2019

En una finca cacaotera de la costa ecuatoriana se evalúo la metodología del Cenirrómetro desarrollada por el Centro de Investigación de la Caña de Azúcar de Colombia (Cenicaña) como una alternativa de programación del riego en el cultivo de cacao y se comparó con una programación a partir del tanque de evaporación clase A y tensiómetros. Para el efecto se utilizó una plantación de cacao CCN – 51 con instalación de riego por aspersión subfoliar. Se evaluaron dos módulos de riego seleccionando 16 aspersores en cada uno, para establecer la precipitación promedio. En el suelo se determinaron los componentes texturales y los contenidos de materia orgánica para obtener indirectamente las constantes físicas de capacidad de campo, punto de marchitez permanente y densidad aparente, utilizando para ello el modelo Soil Water Characteristics del USDA. Para las mediciones de evaporación se utilizaron dos recipientes plásticos, uno para la metodología del Cenirrómetro y el otro, para cumplir la función del tanque clase A. Se consideraron una profundidad radicular efectiva de 300 mm y un umbral de riego de 0.25, lo que junto a un coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) de 1.10, permitió establecer una lámina constante para el Cenirrómetro de 16 mm (marca en el recipiente). Se midieron el número de frutos/planta, el diámetro y la longitud de frutos, y el rendimiento de granos secos seleccionando 15 plantas en cada metodología. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando la prueba ‘t’ de Student. Los resultados de producción avalan la metodología del Cenirrómetro, por tanto, puede considerarse como una alternativa de programación de riego por aspersión en el cultivo de cacao.
Rooting of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) juvenile cuttings in microtunnels
Authors: Solis Leyva Reynaldo , Gonzales Chanzapa Nelly , Pezo Najar Jean´s Marlon , Arévalo López Luis Alberto , Vallejos Torres Geomar 
Published: April 2019

The seeds of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) have high levels of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, and due to their nutraceutical potential, their demand in the international market has increased in recent years. This study aims at developing a method for rooting juvenile cuttings of sacha inchi in microtunnels, in order to propagate plants with superior genetic traits and shorten production cycles. Two experiments were carried out in randomized complete block designs. In the first were used juvenile cuttings of 8 cm and 2000 ppm of IBA according to previos studies, and tested two types of substrates (sand and Jiffy pellets) and two frequencies of nebulized irrigation (once per day and three times per day, each application was for 30 seconds). In the second experiment were used again cuttings of 8 cm, and tested three levels of leaf area (25, 50 and 75 cm2) and five concentrations of indolebutyric acid (0, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results show that using Jiffy pellets, one nebulized irrigation per day, juvenile cuttings of 8 cm length with 75 cm2 of leaf area, and 2000 ppm of indolebutyric acid induced high percentages of rooting (93.3%) and the best root formation in the process of vegetative propagation of sacha inchi.
Non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant components of the mature Cambuí metabolism
Authors: Nazareno Lailla Sabrina Queiroz , Miranda Maria Raquel Alcântara de , Pinto Maria Ketully Neyane Alves , Lopes Mônica Maria Almeida , Rufino Maria Do Socorro Moura 
Published: April 2019

The objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the bioactive compounds, as well as the antioxidant potential, present in mature fruits of cambuizeiro (Myrcia multiflora) from the Chapada do Araripe, Brazil. In the fruits were evaluated: vitamin C, total anthocyanins, yellow flavonoids, total polyphenols, total antioxidant activity by the FRAP, DPPH and ABTS methods, and the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. Cambui had an average vitamin C content of 56.40 mg/100 g, 2869.44 mg/100 g total anthocyanins 2858.50 mg/100 g yellow flavonoids and 1007.64 mg EAG/100 g of total polyphenols. While the total antioxidant activity according to FRAP method was 123.94 μM ferrous sulphate/g, DPPH was 1805.66 g/g EC50, and ABTS was 32.62 μM trolox/g. The enzymatic activity of SOD was 846,203 AU/g, while CAT did not read. These results indicate that the mature fruits of cambuizeiro present high antioxidant potential, corroborating to the idea that their consumption may result in benefits to human health.