bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A LITERATURE REVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (1990-2016)
Authors: Huang Ren-Yi , Chang Wen-Jung , Chung Yu-Chun , Yin Yu-Shih , Yen Jui Chi 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of the study—Tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world. Just like an enterprise today, sustainability is the long-term objective pursued by tourism industry. However, little effort has been made to systematically provide sufficient information to academicians and practitioners who have great research interests in sustainable tourism. Therefore, this paper aims to figure out the knowledge mapping of sustainable tourism and to indicate its research hot spots and trends for future research.
Methodology—This paper surveys the development trajectory of sustainable tourism using a literature review and classification of articles retrieved from 5 online databases with solo keyword “sustainable tourism” from 1900 to 2016.
Main findings—Based on the scope of 641 articles, this study reveals that the number of publication on sustainable tourism has significantly increased since 2006. In addition, these articles are scattered across 125 journals and mostly published in 23 academic journals. The majority of targeted countries/regions for sustainable tourism focus on Asia, Europe and America.
Limitation—Restricted to limited knowledge, we make a brief literature survey on sustainable tourism from 1990-2016 to explore how sustainable tourism and its applications have developed in this period.
Originality/value—In fact, sustainable tourism is a belief and an overall concept in every tourism activities. Though this research has done lots, it still has rooms to make more complete. Finally, we present a conceptual framework integrating 13 classifications criteria derived from our analysis with 3247 keywords. Most interestingly, we further present a conceptual framework with a visual effect to operationalize the coverage of sustainable tourism. Based on our analysis, any researcher can easily find the popular and right journal to get into it, if he/she is in need, he/she also can roughly know its applications so far and completely get a whole picture of sustainable tourism quickly.
Economic growth and the optimal inequality of income
Authors: Sztaudynger Jan Jacek 
Published: May 2019

Inequality of income is one of the significant factors forming social capital. Two views dominate among economists dealing with the influence of income inequality on economic growth. On the one hand, a too low level of income inequality does not motivate people to increase their labour productivity. Low inequality of income might result from an extended social care system and a GDP burdened with social transfers. A good example may be a situation when an unemployed person refuses to accept a job offer and prefers unemployment benefits to a slightly higher salary. Moreover, a lack of incentives for an employee who fails to acknowledge the economic sense of increasing the productivity of his or her work might lead to a slower growth of the economy.
On the other hand, a contrary view suggests that an increase in inequality of income has a negative impact on the economy. The accumulation of wealth by a small number of citizens raises doubts about the good use of that wealth for the investments necessary for the growth of the economy. Excessive inequality of income is confronted with the disapproval of a significant part of society and is regarded as unfair and unjustified. It may also increase the crime rate, decrease trust and, more generally, lead to the weakening of social capital.
The arguments presented above lead to the hypothesis that the influence of income inequality on the growth of the economy has a non-linear, parabolic character.
We have confirmed this hypothesis in growth models of the US and Swedish economies. We assess the historically optimal inequality of income measured by the Gini coefficient at 46% and 24% for the US and Sweden, respectively. The optimal inequality of income for Poland was assessed previously at 29%. The dissimilarities may result from differences in culture, society, educational level and diligence.
Family and economic growth in Poland. New estimation results
Authors: Sztaudynger Jan Jacek 
Published: May 2019

Economic growth is mostly explained by investments and employment growth. Since the mid-1990s various social categories have been introduced into the economic growth analysis, such as trust, crime and income inequality, etc. According to sociology and psychology, it is the family that constitutes interpersonal relationships and is an indicator of happiness and quality of life. It can be said that happy people better fulfil their social roles and also work better. We put forward the hypothesis that family ties have an influence on economic growth. More precisely: the more divorces (relative to existing marriages) there are, the slower economic growth is.
This hypothesis was confirmed in an analysis of Poland’s economy in the years 1995–2017. Due to the disintegration of family ties measured by the divorce rate, Poland’s annual economic growth was slowed by about a 1 percentage point on average. This estimation is based on the productivity (GDP to labor ratio) growth model which, along with the divorce rate, also includes the investment and new marriage rates.
PRAKTIK MURABAHAH PADA KANINDO SYARIAH
Authors: Shidarta Eka Ananta , Astuti Yuli Widi , Kholilah Kholilah , Putri Sheila Febriani 
Published: May 2019

<p class="IsiAbstractBahasaInggris">Murabahah is 99.80% of the contracts used in financing distribution in Kanindo Sharia. This study aims to determine the problems faced by kanindo sharia in the implementation of the murabahah contract. This study uses phenomenology to answer the research objectives. Understanding of AO, guarantees, understanding of members, and accuracy of contracts used are four problems found in financing activities. The solutions used to solve these problems are training employees, rescheduling installments and withdrawing collateral, socializing and intensive approaches to members, as well as reviewing financing agreements. Accounting practices carried out by Kanindo Syariah are not in accordance with PSAK 102. Accounting recognition in accordance with PSAK 102 is only found in murabahah asset acquisition transactions. </p>
DETERMINAN TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA, INDEKS DOW JONES, NIKKEI 225, DAN STRAITS TIME TERHADAP ISSI
Authors: Wibowo Febrian Wahyu 
Published: May 2019

<p><em>Islamic financing is a kind of investment that has system and operational based on sharia principles. Islamic financing is supervised by the Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS). This is to safeguard that there are no commercial involved such as gambling, usury, and prohibitedproducts. The indexfluctuation in the capital market of a country is influenced by world capital market indices. The first Islamic index in world is the Dow Jones Islamic Market Index (DJIM). Based on the discussion about the influence of Interest Rate variables, Dow Jones Islamic Market, Nikkei 225 Index, and Straits Times Index on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index variable for June 2012 until March 2017 the conclusions are as follows: Interest Rate has a negative effect on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index, Dow Jones Islamic Market has a positive effect on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index, the Nikkei 225 has a negative effect on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index, the Straits Times negatively affects the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index</em></p>
The E-Cigarette Debate: What Counts as Evidence?
Authors: Fairchild Amy Lauren , Bayer Ronald , Lee Ju Sung 
Published: May 2019

Two major public health evaluations of e-cigarettes—one from the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), the other from Public Health England (PHE)—were issued back to back in the winter of 2018. While some have read these analyses as broadly consistent, providing support for the view that e-cigarettes could play a role in smoking harm reduction, in every major respect, they come to very different conclusions about what the evidence suggests in terms of public health policy. How is that possible? The explanation rests in what the 2 reports see as the central challenge posed by e-cigarettes, which helped to determine what counted as evidence. For NASEM, the core question was how to protect nonsmokers from the potential risks of exposure to nicotine and other contaminants or from the risk of smoking combustible cigarettes through renormalization. A precautionary standard was imperative, making evidence that could speak most conclusively to the question of causality paramount. For PHE, the priority was how to reduce the burdens now borne by current smokers, burdens reflected in measurable patterns of morbidity and mortality. With a focus on immediate harms, PHE turned to evidence that was “relevant and meaningful.” Thus, competing priorities determined what counted as evidence when it came to the impact of e-cigarettes on current smokers, nonsmoking bystanders, and children and adolescents. A new clinical trial demonstrating the efficacy of e-cigarettes as a cessation tool makes understanding how values and framing shape core questions and conclusive evidence imperative.
C2 Vertebral Corpectomy for Kyphosis Malunion of Remote Dens Fracture with Atlantoaxial Ankylosis and Myelopathy
Authors: Bednar Drew A. 
Published: May 2019

Case:
We report a unique case of compressive myelopathy caused by late kyphosis angulation of a previously operated dens base fracture nonunion challenged by age-related ankyloses of the lateral articulations C1 to C2 and a solid posterior fusion mass.

Conclusions:
Posterior column shortening such as commonly practiced for progressive kyphosis or myelopathy may be precluded at the atlantoaxial level for potential vascular risk to the vertebral artery. A standard anterior cervical approach and the application of basic surgical spine care principles lead to a simple solution in the unique and highly complex anatomy of our case.
Development of an Embedded Discrete Fracture Model for Field-Scale Reservoir Simulation With Complex Corner-Point Grids
Authors: Xu Yifei , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Corner-point grids have the capability to model complex geological features, such as faults and irregular reservoir boundaries. As an industry standard, they are widely used to simulate different types of reservoirs, including conventional and unconventional reservoirs. It is necessary to effectively simulate natural or hydraulic fractures in such reservoirs.
In this work, a discrete fracture model is developed to conveniently simulate fractures in geologically complex reservoirs represented by corner-point grids. The method is an extension of the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM). We first present the difficulties in terms of geometrical calculations pertaining to corner-point grids, including the irregularity and degeneracy of block geometry and irregular connections between fracture segments. A general-purpose geometrical algorithm is developed to find the intersections between the matrix and fractures in corner-point grids. This algorithm properly handles the intersection between a general polyhedron and a general polygon, in which both the polyhedron and the polygon can be convex or concave. Transmissibility-factor formulations are also further developed for connections and intersections between fractures. The calculation of effective well indices in different situations is also discussed in detail.
Several case studies are presented to illustrate the accuracy and applicability of the developed model in standard black-oil or compositional simulators. The accuracy of the developed model is demonstrated by comparing its simulation results with those of local-grid-refinement (LGR) models. It is also found that the accuracy of the EDFM is not sensitive to matrix gridding when the average size of gridblocks is similar. Field-scale studies using synthetic and realistic reservoir models are presented to illustrate the significance of fractures during secondary recovery. Existing simulators can directly be used in conjunction with the proposed approach with slight modification in simulation input, if the simulators have nonneighboring-connection (NNC) functionality. Through the case studies, the algorithms and methodology developed in this work are shown to be highly effective for the modeling of fractures in field-scale reservoir-simulation studies with complex corner-point grids.
Compressibility, Porosity, and Permeability of Shales Involving Stress Shock and Loading/Unloading Hysteresis
Authors: Civan Faruk 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper presents the theory, formulation, and correlation of the compressibility, porosity, and permeability of shale reservoirs by considering the effects of stress shock causing a slope discontinuity and loading/unloading hysteresis. The slope discontinuity occurs because the relative contributions of the matrix or fracture change at a critical effective stress depending on whether the process is loading or unloading. The hysteresis phenomenon occurs because of partially reversible and irreversible deformations of the various shale rock constituents by various processes during loading and unloading. Two successful modeling approaches are developed for describing the stress dependency of the petrophysical properties of porous rock formations. The first approach implements a kinetic model leading to a modified power–law equation, and the second approach applies an elastic cylindrical pore–shell model leading to a semianalytical equation. The primary advantage of the kinetic model is its applicability to any stress–dependent property, including strain, void ratio, porosity, pore compressibility, and permeability, thus making it a universal method. The semianalytical equation derived from an elastic cylindrical pore–shell model is applicable only for correlation of permeability. Both approaches are shown to yield high–quality correlations of the properties of porous rocks with effective stress by honoring the slope discontinuity observed at a critical effective stress.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Cholesterol Oxidase Production by Streptomyces Olivaceus MTCC 6820
Authors: Sahu Shraddha , Shera Shailendra Singh , Banik Rathindra Mohan 
Published: May 2019

Background:Streptomyces olivaceusMTCC 6820 is a potent microorganism for cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) production through the submerged fermentation process. Statistical optimization of the process parameters for submerged fermentation enhances the production of enzymes.Objective:This work is aimed to optimize the culture conditions for the fermentative production of cholesterol oxidase byStreptomyces olivaceusMTCC 6820 using combined Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques.Methods:The ChOx production (U/ml) was modeled and optimized as a function of six independent variables (culture conditions) using RSM and ANN.Results:ChOx production enhanced 2.2 fold,i.e1.9 ± 0.21 U/ml under unoptimized conditions to 4.2 ± 0.51 U/ml after the optimization of culture conditions. Higher coefficient of determination (R2= 97.09 %) for RSM and lower values of MSE (0.039) and MAPE (3.46 %) for ANN proved the adequacy of both the models. The optimized culture conditions predicted by RSMvs. ANN were pH (7.5), inoculum age (48 h), inoculum size (11.25 % v/v), fermentation period (72 h), incubation temperature (30°C) and shaking speed (175 rpm).Conclusion:The modeling, optimization and prediction abilities of both RSM and ANN methodologies were compared. The values of Pearson correlation coefficient (r) (ANN0.98> RSM0.95), regression coefficient (R2) between experimental activity, RSM and ANN predicted ChOx activity, respectively (ANN0.96> RSM0.90) and Absolute Average Deviation (AAD) for (ANN3.46%< RSM9.87%) substantiated better prediction ability of ANN than RSM. These statistical values indicated the superiority of ANN in capturing the non-linear behavior of the system.
Standardization and Detailed Aspects of Chopchinyadi Churna: A Potent Anti-Arthritic Medicine
Authors: Pal Rashmi Saxena , Pal Yogendra , Wal Pranay , Wal Ankita 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Chopchinyadi Churna is a powdered Ayurvedic churna, commonly used for treating insect bite, rheumatoid arthritis, gout arthritis.

Objective:
The current research is oriented for the evaluation of ingredients and other aspects of Churna.

Materials and Methods:
The Churna was standardized as per the parameters of Ayurvedic Formulary of India for the organoleptic characters, microscopy, physicochemical, chromatographic, rheological properties and phytochemical screening for the detection of major phytoconstituents.

Results:
The parameters were found to be significant and offered future benefits for the advanced evaluation of Churṇa.

Conclusion:
Herbal based anti-arthritic medicine Chopchinyadi Churna has been evaluated on the basis of various parameters, which can serve as references for developing the pharmacopoeial standards.
The Effectiveness of Bioresonance Method on Human Health
Authors: Karakos Periklis , Grigorios Tripsiannis , Theodoros Konstantinidis , Theodoros Lialiaris 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Bioresonance is a holistic physical method that can be used diagnostically and therapeutically to treat various diseases. Bioresonance uses the electromagnetic waves it receives from the patient. This biophysical method of treatment alters the energy field of the affected organism, increasing the effectiveness of the autoimmune system, thus improving the patient’s overall health.Methods:A quasi-experimental design was used to examine whether bioresonance had an effect on the symptoms of the patients. Statistical data processing involves a study of various parameters such as age, gender, studies, occupation, intolerance or illness as well as the existence and balancing of allergic charges. The study included 311 patients from doctors and bio-coordinating laboratories in Athens, Thessaloniki, Volos and Xanthi. The sample of the study included both men (120 subjects - 38.58%) and women (191 subjects – 61.42%), aged from 2 to 76 years old. The age group with the largest number of patients included those aged from 31 to 45.Results:The patients under treatment came forward with symptoms mostly nasal (61.09%), followed by eye, respiratory, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Most of the patients (90%) observe no symptoms at all or show significant improvement of their symptoms after a period of 12 months of bioresonance treatment. These results show that bioresonance intervention had a significant effect on the improvement of symptoms and this improvement is even obvious 12 months after the intervention; p<.01.Conclusion:We believe that the forthcoming results contribute to a better understanding of the effect of bioresonance on the human body and its affect in preventing and restoring health issues.
Response of Soil Chemical Properties, Performance and Quality of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) to Different Levels of K Fertilizer on a Tropical Alfisol
Authors: Aboyeji Christopher M. , Adekiya Aruna O. , Dunsin Oluwagbenga , Adebiyi Ojo T. V. , Aremu Charity O. , Olofintoye Temidayo A. J. , Ajiboye Babatunde O. , Owolabi Iyiola O. 
Published: May 2019

Background:The optimum rate of nutrient must be defined with reference to soil properties for individual crops and soil.Objective:Field experiments were carried out in 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons to determine the various levels (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) of potassium fertilizer (muriate of potash , KCl), on soil chemical properties, leaf nutrient contents, performance and proximate quality of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatasL.).Method:The five treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates.Results:Studies showed that K fertilizer in both the years significantly influenced N, P and K concentrations compared with the control and also increased the soil concentrations of these nutrients from 0 - 160 kg ha-1K fertilizer. However, soil K only increased up to 80 kg ha-1fertilizer after which there was a decrease. There was a reduction in the values of Ca and Mg in the soil as the levels of K increased. Leaf nutrient concentration of the sweet potato was consistent with the values of soil chemical properties recorded. 80 kg ha-1K fertilizer was observed to be the highest value of sweet potato growth and tuber yield after which there was a reduction. The yield decrease was adduced to excessive K application leading to imbalanced sweet potato plant nutrition compared with N, P, Ca and Mg. K fertilizer significantly influenced moisture, vitamin C and carbohydrate compared with the control. The highest values of fibre and protein were obtained at 80 and 40 kg ha-1K fertilizer, respectively. Dry matter and fat contents of the sweet potato reduced by K application from 0 - 160 kg ha-1application rate.Conclusion:For best tuber yield, quality and economic response of K fertilizer to the sweet potato in the agro-ecological zone or in other similar soil conditions elsewhere in the tropics could be achieved by applying 80 kg ha-1K fertilizer.
Predictors of Poor Self-rated Health in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Insights from a Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Mlangeni L. , Mabaso M. , Makola L. , Zuma K. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
The association between Self-Rated Health (SRH) and poor health outcomes is well established. Economically and socially marginalized individuals have been shown to be more likely to have poor SRH. There are few representative studies that assess the factors that influence SRH amongst individuals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This study assessed factors associated with poor self-rated health amongst individuals from KwaZulu-Natal using data from the 2012 South African national household survey.

Methods:
The 2012 South African population-based nationally representative household survey employed a multi-stage stratified cluster randomised crossectional design. Multivariate backward stepwise logistic regression models were used to determine whether SRH is significantly influenced by socio-demographic and health-related factors.

Results:
Out of a total of 5192 participants living in KZN, 18.1% reported having fair/poor SRH. In the multivariate logistic regression model the increased likelihood of reporting fair/poor was significantly associated with being older, HIV positive, being an excessive drinker, and not having medical aid. The decreased likelihood of reporting fair/poor was associated with being educated, not having a chronic condition, being physically active, being employed, and not accessing care regularly.

Conclusion:
This study has shown that marginalized individuals are more likely to have poorer SRH. Greater efforts need to be made to ensure that these individuals are brought into the fold through education, job opportunities, health insurance, social support services for poor living conditions, and poor well-being including services for substance abusers.