bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Composition of Forage Available to the Northern Hairy‐Nosed Wombat
Authors: Casey Fiona F. , Old Julie M. , Stannard Hayley J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAccess to adequate nutrition supports an animal's chance of survival and reproduction; thus, it is particularly important for threatened species. The nutritional quality of forage available to the critically endangered northern hairy‐nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus krefftii; NHW) has not been assessed for two decades. The NHW Recovery Action Plan 2022 highlighted a need to investigate the effects of invasive buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) on the species' diet – reassessing the relative nutritional quality of highly abundant buffel grass will assist this investigation. This study assessed the nutritional composition of NHW food items, including buffel grass. Comparisons of the nutritional composition were made between two geographically distanced sites (both eucalyptus woodland and savannah with highly abundant buffel grass), seasons and plant genera. The nitrogen, gross energy, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, ash and mineral content of plants and their relationship to scats, as faecal nitrogen is a good predictor of palatability of grass and nutritional status, were assessed. The nutritional content of plants varied significantly between sites, seasons and genera. Total forage nutritional quality was greatest during spring 2020 at Epping Forest National Park, during summer 2020/21 and autumn 2021 at Richard Underwood Nature Refuge and poorest during winter at both sites. Buffel grass may be a nutritionally valuable food item of the NHW during winter at both sites. There was no significant relationship between the N and gross energy in forage and scats. The findings of this study will inform management if there is a need to reduce invasive buffel grass, based on enhanced knowledge of the NHW nutritional requirements, by determining whether the species has access to suitable dietary items and meeting their nutritional requirements, particularly when forage quality is poorest or promotion of nutritionally valuable forage items is required. The study will also inform management of nutritional requirements at future translocation sites for the NHW.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Participate in the Pathogenesis of Lupus Through S100A10‐Mediated Regulatory T‐Cell Differentiation and Functional Abnormalities
Authors: Guo Hua , Liang Qian , Xue Zhonghui , Yang Junling , Chen Pengyu , Ji Juan , Li Jing , Guo Genkai , Cao Haixia , Sha Xiaoqi , Zhao Rui , Dong Chen , Gu Zhifeng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), neutrophil dysregulation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation contribute to disease pathogenesis, potentially worsening the autoimmune response. Although research indicates NETs’ involvement in various autoimmune conditions, their relationship with regulatory T cells (Tregs) in SLE remains elusive. In this study, in vivo experiments were involved in administering NET injections to C57BL/6 and MRL/Ipr mice. In vitro, a co‐culture system facilitated interaction between Tregs and NETs. Proteomic analysis elucidated NET composition, while RNA sequencing delineated their impact on Treg differentiation. We demonstrated that increased NET levels correlate inversely with Treg abundance in SLE patients, influencing both their proportion and functionality. NET administration reduced Treg levels and induced lupus‐like symptoms in C57BL/6 mice, exacerbating symptoms in MRL/Ipr mice. DNase I treatment mitigated NET effects, restoring Treg levels and alleviating symptoms. RNA sequencing revealed altered gene expression in naïve CD4+ T cells exposed to NETs. Additionally, proteomic analysis showed S100A10 protein changes between SLE patients and healthy controls, hindering Treg differentiation. NETs influence TLR‐4 of naïve CD4+ T cells via S100A10, thereby modulating Treg proportion and functionality. These findings highlight the critical role of NETs in Treg differentiation in SLE, suggesting that targeting NETs may provide a novel therapeutic approach.
Highly Diastereoselective Radical Cyclopropanation of Olefins via Cobaloxime‐Based Metalloradical Catalysis
Authors: Tan Liming , Boehme McKay , Papworth Lorenzo , Wu Keyang , Qiu Yunfan , Li Gang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetalloradical catalysis (MRC), predominantly exemplified by metalloporphyrin complexes, has emerged as a promising strategy for regulating radical reactions and broadening their synthetic applications. In this paper, we report that cobaloxime complexes, functioning as a surrogate for metalloporphyrin systems, can mediate radical cyclopropanation of olefins using donor/acceptor‐type carbene precursor α‐aryl diazoacetates through the MRC process. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, yielding cyclopropane derivatives in good yields with high diastereoselectivity. The reaction exhibits extensive substrate tolerance, encompassing gram‐scale transformations and the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. Our discoveries underscore the potential of cobaloxime‐catalyzed cyclopropanation as a valuable asset in organic syntheses and further expand the repertoire of metalloradical systems in catalysis.
Feasibility analysis of e‐bus‐based transit system for sustainable urban mobility
Authors: Debnath Tushar , Majumder Suman , De Krishnarti 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBalancing the growing demand for mobility on congested city roads presents a significant challenge in urban areas. One potential solution is a shift towards electric‐based mass transit systems, moving away from personal vehicles. This shift would alleviate traffic congestion and reduce emissions caused by traditional transit systems. However, implementing large‐scale e‐mobility in developing countries has several challenges, including an unreliable electricity grid and limited power sources. Additionally, passenger comfort and system reliability are also raised concerns. Accomplishing sustainable e‐mobility in an urban scenario needs cost‐effective generation with controlled emissions. This study primarily computes power generation costs and emissions from plants like coal‐dominated and renewable energy resources. These two generation plant scenarios would help to understand the exact numbers of generation cost, emission reduction, and health cost reduction in case a nation plans to shift towards green energy. The analysis's findings demonstrate that using solar‐powered energy sources can reduce carbon pollution to 124.96 g/km while releasing relatively few additional pollutants. Furthermore, during 10 years from 2020 to 2030, the generating cost of e‐buses powered by solar PVs is a meager 0.93 million. The anticipated yearly costs for energy generation and health care are 0.875 million and 0.2 million in Indian rupees, respectively. All of these factors are predicted to have substantially reduced, making it clear that moving towards renewable resources in the future could lower overall health expenses and make energy more affordable.
Lateralization of memory function in temporal lobe epilepsy using scene memory fMRI
Authors: Tackett William S. , Mechanic‐Hamilton Dawn , Das Sandhitsu , Mojena Marissa , Stein Joel M. , Davis Kathryn A. , Detre John A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers an alternative to the traditional Wada test for presurgical language and memory lateralization that carries almost no risk. However, fMRI lateralization of episodic memory remains challenging because the hippocampus, which is fundamental to episodic memory, is smaller, more prone to susceptibility artifact, and harder to functionally modulate than language regions. We previously showed that a complex scene memory task can lateralize memory function in the mesial temporal lobe. Using data acquired from N = 45 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy acquired with an improved stimulus paradigm and high‐resolution fMRI, we now demonstrate that memory activation can be successfully lateralized within hippocampus proper.Plain Language SummaryEpilepsy surgery can improve seizure control in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) that cannot be controlled with medications also, but ablation or removal of temporal lobe brain tissue can also cause cognitive deficits. Functional MRI (fMRI) can noninvasively map brain activation and perform well in lateralizing and localizing language function, but localizing and lateralizing memory function is more challenging. Building upon prior work using complex scene encoding to map memory function, we demonstrate that the use of high‐resolution fMRI along with an optimized task paradigm allows memory activation to be detected within the hippocampus. Because the hippocampus is both a common site of TLE and a key region underlying memory, this approach is expected to contribute to presurgical evaluation of TLE.
Inductive graph‐based long short‐term memory network for the prediction of nonlinear floor responses and member forces of steel buildings subjected to orthogonal horizontal ground motions
Authors: Chou Yuan‐Tung , Kuo Po‐Chih , Li Kuang‐Yao , Chang Wei‐Tze , Huang Yin‐Nan , Chen Chuin‐Shan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel hierarchical graph‐based long short‐term memory network designed for predicting the nonlinear seismic responses of building structures. We represent buildings as graphs with nodes and edges and utilize graph neural network (GNN) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) technology to predict their responses when subjected to orthogonal horizontal ground motions. The model was trained using the results of nonlinear response‐history analyses using 2000 sample 4–7‐story steel moment resisting frames and 88 pairs of ground‐motion records from earthquakes with a moment magnitude greater than 6.0 and closest site‐to‐fault distance shorter than 20 km. The results demonstrate the model's great performance in predicting floor acceleration, velocity, and displacement, as well as shear force, bending moment, and plastic hinges in beams and columns. Furthermore, the model has learned to recognize the significance of the first mode period of a building. The model's robust generalizability across diverse building geometry and its comprehensive predictions of floor responses and member forces position it as a potential surrogate model for the response‐history analysis of buildings.
Whole‐Life Embodied Carbon Reduction Strategies in UK Buildings: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Keyhani Maryam , Bahadori‐Jahromi Ali , Fu Changfeng , Godfrey Paulina , Zhang Hexin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a detailed analysis of embodied carbon (EC) in various case studies using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Through comprehensive assessments, including modules A, B and C, the study evaluates EC across different stages of building life cycles. This study also considers the EC savings achievable through current end‐of‐life strategies in the UK context. As Module A accounts for the highest EC in the case studies, the majority of reduction strategies should focus on this stage. The most impactful strategy for reducing EC emissions involves incorporating Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as a replacement for cement. This approach has the potential to achieve a substantial reduction in the EC of concrete within the buildings under investigation, ranging from 60% to 70%. The study reveals that specification strategy can lead to significant Whole Life Embodied Carbon (WLEC) reductions, with the residential building achieving a 30.59% reduction, the college building a 46.86% reduction, and the hotel building a reduction of 23.69%. Effective mitigation strategies, such as utilizing recycled and reclaimed materials, demonstrate promising results, showcasing significant reduction in WLEC emissions in the buildings.
Challenging underground geophysical, geological and topographical surveys in the Borna Maggiore di Pugnetto karst collapse cave to delineate its genesis and actual structure
Authors: Comina Cesare , Motta Michele , Muzzolon Walter , Vagnon Federico , Vergnano Andrea 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectric resistivity surveys in karst environments are commonly employed to establish parameters that can help in the evaluation of collapse risk related to sinkhole or cave formation. However, these surveys are often executed from the surface with consequent limits in resolution and identification potential as a function of coverage thicknesses. Application of these methodologies directly inside known caves, for a better understanding of their formation mechanisms, is uncommon due to accessibility problems, the nontrivial referencing issues that arise when operating in an underground environment and the challenging 2D/3D interpretation issues emerging from the presence of the cavity itself. This paper reports on the application of electric resistivity tomography along with specific geological and topographic mapping, inside the Borna Maggiore di Pugnetto karst collapse cave. Comprehensive knowledge of this cave, developed in mica‐rich and carbonate‐rich calcschists, is problematic with traditional investigations, due to the cave breakdown that masks its structure. In this study, the 3D geometry of the cave is reconstructed using a topographical survey. This reconstruction is then utilised to perform a 3D inversion of the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) dataset. The results of both 2D and 3D inversions are compared and discussed, focusing on the survey's ability to identify resistivity anomalies within the 3D volume surrounding the cave. Additionally, an open‐source script is provided to facilitate the replication of this 3D modelling and inversion in similar underground contexts. Results of the paper show the effectiveness of the proposed surveys in the delineation of genesis and actual structure of the cave. The paper also proposes a methodological approach that can be adopted in similar contexts to enhance the understanding of speleogenesis.
Place‐based reproductive justice and resistance: Human rights and abortion mobilities in the Post‐Dobbs era
Authors: Mills Elizabeth , DeLaet Debra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article integrates human rights and abortion mobilities frameworks to demonstrate the ramifications of abortion restrictions and highlights historic and emergent forms reproductive justice and resistance. It engages with and critiques narrow conceptualizations of reproductive rights and biopolitics and considers the complex ways that abortion legislation becomes embodied in the post‐Dobbs era. Mobility is explored across three frames—repression, privilege, and resistance—to highlight the interconnections between reproductive (in)justice and place‐based resistance. Situating the analysis within human rights scholarship and reproductive justice and mobilities scholarship, the article outlines the continuities and current configurations of place‐based reproductive (in)justice across three interconnected axes. The first axis traces the embodied ramifications of anti‐abortion laws for marginalized individuals and communities; the second axis explores the complex personal, political, and economic costs of travelling to access abortion care; and the third axis reflects on historic and current forms of community‐based resistance and care. Read together, these axes challenge binary assumptions of agency or subjugation and instead reveal how embodied experiences of abortion restrictions for marginalized individuals and groups also run alongside radical forms of community care to resist these restrictions and address broader forms of lived intersectional inequalities.
Comparative Study on the Hypoglycemic Effects of Different Parts of Musa balbisiana
Authors: Hoang Thi Ngoc Nhon , Nguyen Quang Liem , Le Thi Thanh Ngan , Vo Ngoc Hoa , Dong Thi Anh Dao , Le Thi Hong Anh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that can cause elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion or resistance. Different parts of Musa balbisiana have been used widely in traditional medicine to treat many disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic ability of the corm, pseudostem, inflorescence, fruit, peel, and seed of M. balbisiana via in vitro experiments by inhibiting α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase enzymes as well as in vivo models on diabetic alloxan‐induced mice. The results show that all investigated parts have performed potential inhibition on two investigated digestive enzymes. Seed poses the highest capacity among surveyed parts on α‐amylase (IC50:f μg/mL) and α‐glucosidase (IC50: 21.63 μg/mL) as well as effectively lowers the blood glucose index (IG) in alloxan‐induced mice. In addition, fruit, corm, and inflorescence are considered essential parts that have high hypoglycemic effects via in vivo experiments. These findings indicate that all M. balbisiana parts are possibly a potential source for hypoglycemic agents; further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the safety of human beings before applying them in functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
Drones and Workers of Honeybee Apis mellifera L. Dried Powder: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Assessment
Authors: Abedelmaksoud Tarek Gamal , El‐Masarawy Mohamed Salah , Altemimi Ammar B. , Hesarinejad Mohammad Ali , Hussein Ahmed M. S. , Smuda Sayed Saad 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores honeybee as a food source through chemical analysis of pupa and adult stages of honeybee drones and workers (Apis mellifera L.). The findings reveal that drones exhibited higher protein and fat content, while workers have the highest carbohydrate levels. Additionally, seventeen amino acids and nine minerals were identified, with drones in the adult stage having elevated levels of fifteen amino acids, notably glutamic acid at 7.97 g/100 g. Moreover, 24 fatty acids were discovered, with oleic acid being most abundant in drones (55.96% in adult, 44.14% in pupa). Furthermore, potassium and sodium were the dominant minerals in both drone and worker samples; however, adult drone had higher concentrations of potassium, iron, copper, and phosphorus than the other samples. Also, nine phenolic compounds were identified, which exhibited the highest concentration in the adult drone sample (20095.72 μg/100 g). Importantly, the adult drone sample demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects on breast and colorectal cancer cells (MCF7 and HCT116), inhibiting them at rates of 98.1% and 81.5%, respectively. These results emphasize the nutritional potential of honeybees (especially adult drones) as a functional food, rich in amino acids, fatty acids and possessing antioxidant and anticancer properties.
Towards Holistic Functional Task Analysis
Authors: Salehi Vahid , Salmon Paul M. , Burns Catherine , McGill Alexis , Smith Doug , Veitch Brian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTask analysis (TA) can contribute to work systems design, accident investigation, risk assessment, human error identification, planning, and training. Despite the advantages of existing sequential and hierarchical methods, they decompose tasks into their structure and focus on the order in which tasks are accomplished. They do not trace all interactions among elements/subtasks/operations at different levels. As the complexity of tasks increases, not keeping track of all interactions may result in poor, unwanted outcomes. This research introduces a different approach to TA that decomposes tasks into their constituent functions, describes the functionality of the overall work system, traces (dynamic nonlinear) interactions among functions, and highlights the role of functional variability in forming emergent outcomes. This approach to TA is called functional task analysis (FTA). A case study on nursing work was used to demonstrate the suitability of the FTA approach. The findings of this study show that the FTA approach contributes to task modeling by building a nonsequential, nonhierarchical functional model of a complex task considering dynamic, nonlinear interactions among functions. The FTA also contributes to task description by explaining different ways a task can be accomplished. It also increases the understanding, interpretation, and analysis of how changes in work conditions shape good/acceptable and poor/unacceptable outcomes. The FTA can complement the TA by adding some aspects, including functionality, nonlinearity, dynamics, and emergence, that the TA does not normally consider. The findings highlight how the functional approach to TA can be deployed as an alternative (or complement) to other task analysis methods.
Public Health Crisis Management Caused by COVID‐19: A Scientometrics Review
Authors: Wang Sen , Liu Miaomei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic was one of the most serious public health events of the 21st century, which had a profound impact on the entire human society and sparked extensive debate and research on public health crisis management. To clarify the development path of the issue and to discover the structure and internal logic of related studies, this study conducted a scientometric analysis (co‐citation analysis, co‐occurrence analysis, cooperation network analysis, knowledge domain migration analysis) of 8814 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed using CiteSpace, and drew the following conclusions: (1) The research focuses on empirical studies in medicine and other fields, and expands to non‐medical fields such as “social media”, “COVID‐19 lockdown”, and “air quality”; (2) The USA, UK, Italy and other major developed countries in Europe and America are leading the research trend, while developing countries, notably China, India and Brazil have become the important contributors to the study of this issue in different ways; (3) The research results at this stage are mainly in the fields of medicine, health and biology and are cited internally, but are also developing in the direction of economics, political, environmental and other fields. Finally, this study summarises some of the issues that should be of concern to public health crisis management in the post‐pandemic era, in the hope of providing some insight for researchers on this issue.