bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomics of the major tropical plant family Annonaceae using targeted enrichment of nuclear genes
Authors: Couvreur Thomas L.P. , Helmstetter Andrew J. , Koenen Erik J.M. , Bethune Kevin , Brandão Rita D. , Little Stefan , Sauquet Hervé , Erkens Roy H.J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTargeted enrichment and sequencing of hundreds of nuclear loci for phylogenetic reconstruction is becoming an important tool for plant systematics and evolution. Annonaceae is a major pantropical plant family with 109 genera and ca. 2450 species, occurring across all major and minor tropical forests of the world. Baits were designed by sequencing the transcriptomes of five species from two of the largest Annonaceae subfamilies. Orthologous loci were identified. The resulting baiting kit was used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships at two different levels using concatenated and gene tree approaches: a family wide Annonaceae analysis sampling 65 genera and a species level analysis of tribe Piptostigmateae sampling 29 species with multiple individuals per species. DNA extraction was undertaken mainly on silicagel dried leaves, with two samples from herbarium dried leaves. Our kit targets 469 exons (364 653 bp of sequence data), successfully capturing sequences from across Annonaceae. Silicagel dried and herbarium DNA worked eaually well. We present for the first time a nuclear gene-based phylogenetic tree at the generic level based on 317 supercontigs. Results mainly confirm previous chloroplast based studies. However, several new relationships are found and discussed. We show significant differences in branch lengths between the two large subfamilies Annonoideae and Malmeoideae. A new tribe, Annickieae, is erected containing a single African genus Annickia. We also reconstructed a well resolved species-level phylogenetic tree of the Piptostigmteae tribe. Our baiting kit is useful for reconstructing well supported phylogenetic relationships within Annonaceae at different taxonomic levels. The nuclear genome is mainly concordant with plastome information with a few exceptions. Moreover, we find that substitution rate heterogeneity between the two subfamilies is also found within the nuclear compartment, and not just plastomes and ribosomal DNA as previously shown. Our results have implications for understanding the biogeography, molecular dating and evolution of Annonaceae.
The HexMaze: A previous knowledge and schema task for mice
Authors: Alonso Alejandra , Bokeria Levan , van der Meij Jacqueline , Samanta Anumita , Eichler Ronny , Spooner Patrick , Lobato Irene Navarro , Genzel Lisa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNew information is rarely learned in isolation, instead most of what we experience can be incorporated into or uses previous knowledge networks in some form. However, most rodent laboratory tasks assume the animal to be naïve with no previous experience influencing the results. Previous knowledge in form of a schema can facilitate knowledge acquisition and accelerate systems consolidation: memories become more rapidly hippocampal independent and instead rely more on the prefrontal cortex. Here, we developed a new spatial navigation task where food locations are learned in a large, gangway maze – the HexMaze. Analysing performance across sessions as well as on specific trials, we can show simple memory effects as well as multiple effects of previous knowledge accelerating both online learning and performance increases over offline periods. Importantly, we are the first to show that schema build-up is dependent on how much time passes, not how often the animal is trained.
Galvanic corrosion susceptibility between X53CrMnNiN219 and X45CrSi93 stainless steels in chloride solution using electrochemical measurements
Authors: Shahriyari Zahra , Gheisari Khalilollah 
Published: October 2018

PurposeIn this study, corrosion behavior of X53CrMnNiN219 austenitic stainless steel (SS) and X45CrSi93 martensitic SS, as well as the galvanic corrosion produced by coupling of these dissimilar alloys, are evaluated in a 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution at temperature 25°C ± 1°C.Design/methodology/approachThe corrosion parameters were estimated through a series of electrochemical tests, including Tafel polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and zero-resistance ammeter (ZRA) technique.FindingsThe results of polarization measurements indicate that the value of corrosion current in the galvanic pair is slightly higher than that of both the austenitic and martensitic SS during the initial time of immersion in the chloride solution, which is an indication of compatibility of members in the couple. The galvanic current density measured by ZRA technique shows negative values throughout the test; accordingly, the martensitic SS acts as anode of the pair and corrodes preferentially. Localization index values are limited to the mixed corrosion process, showing relative susceptibility of the martensitic alloy to the uniform and localized corrosion (pitting) due to chloride ions.Originality/valueThe originality is the evaluation of galvanic corrosion susceptibility of X53CrMnNiN219 and X45CrSi93 SSs in chloride solution by the various electrochemical methods consisting of Tafel polarization, EIS, and (ZRA) technique. To our knowledge, no work has been reported on this issue for these chemical compositions under this condition up to now.
Maximum lift/drag ratio improvement of TUAVs via small aerodynamic modifications
Authors: Oktay Tugrul , Uzun Metin , Kanat Ozturk Ozdemir 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to increase maximum lift/drag ratio (Emax) of tactical unmanned aerial vehicles (TUAVs) via applying novel small aerodynamic modifications.

Design methodology/approach
A TUAV is manufactured in Erciyes University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Model Aircraft Laboratory. It has both passive and active morphing capabilities. Its nosecone and tailcone shapes are redesigned to improve Emax. Moreover, active flow control is also built on its wing for improving Emax.

Findings
Using these novel small aerodynamic modifications, considerable improvement on Emax is obtained.

Research limitations/implications
Permission of Directorate General of Civil Aviation in Turkey is required for testing TUAVs in real-time applications.

Practical implications
Small aerodynamic modifications such as nosecone-tailcone shape modifications and building active flow control on wing are very beneficial for improving Emax of TUAVs.

Social implications
Small aerodynamic modifications satisfy confidence, high performance and easy utility demands of TUAV users.

Originality/value
The study will enable the creation of novel approaches to improve Emax value and therefore aerodynamic performance of TUAVs.
Evaluating the effectiveness of information retrieval systems using effort-based relevance judgment
Authors: Rajagopal Prabha , Ravana Sri Devi , Koh Yun Sing , Balakrishnan Vimala 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The effort in addition to relevance is a major factor for satisfaction and utility of the document to the actual user. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method in generating relevance judgments that incorporate effort without human judges’ involvement. Then the study determines the variation in system rankings due to low effort relevance judgment in evaluating retrieval systems at different depth of evaluation.

Design/methodology/approach
Effort-based relevance judgments are generated using a proposed boxplot approach for simple document features, HTML features and readability features. The boxplot approach is a simple yet repeatable approach in classifying documents’ effort while ensuring outlier scores do not skew the grading of the entire set of documents.

Findings
The retrieval systems evaluation using low effort relevance judgments has a stronger influence on shallow depth of evaluation compared to deeper depth. It is proved that difference in the system rankings is due to low effort documents and not the number of relevant documents.

Originality/value
Hence, it is crucial to evaluate retrieval systems at shallow depth using low effort relevance judgments.
Co-designing food waste services in the catering sector
Authors: Michalec Aleksandra , Fodor Martin , Hayes Enda , Longhurst James 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present results from the action research project, where sustainability professionals, local businesses and academic researchers collaborated on exploring barriers for food waste recycling in SMEs food outlets in order to inform local policy and business practices in Bristol, UK.

Design/methodology/approach
The researchers conducted face-to-face, qualitative surveys of 79 catering businesses in three diverse areas of the city. The action research methodology was applied, where a range of co-researchers contributed towards study design and review.

Findings
The research reveals the main barriers to recycling and how such perceptions differ depending on whether the respondents do or do not recycle, with “convenience” and “cost” being the main issue according to the already recycling participants. On the other hand, participants who do not recycle state that their main reason is “not enough waste” and “lack of space”.

Practical implications
Participants recommended a range of measures, which could improve the current food waste services in Bristol. For example, they suggest that business engagement should address the barriers voiced by the participants applying the framings used by them, rather than assuming restaurants and cafes are not aware of the issue. By inviting a variety of non-academic stakeholders into the process of research design and analysis, the project addressed the imbalances in knowledge production and policy design.

Originality/value
Despite the local and qualitative focus of this paper, the results and research methodology could act as a useful guide for conducting food waste action research in the policy context.
Negotiating choice, deception and risk: teenagers’ perceptions of food safety
Authors: Elliott Charlene , Ellison Kirsten 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the teenager perspectives of the meaning of food safety, and the implications of those meanings.

Design/methodology/approach
Five focus groups were conducted with students (aged 12–14) from Calgary, AB. Participants were asked what food safety means to them and probed about their views on the relationship between food safety and packaged foods. Grounded theorizing informed the analysis.

Findings
Food safety was described as located within the system, located within the individual and located within the edible. Key to these teenagers’ understanding of food safety is the theme of food deception – a deception promulgated by food producers, manufacturers and advertisers who lack transparency about what they are actually selling. Teenagers draw attention to the risks associated with living in an industrialized food environment, and to the tension between safety and the industry-driven motive to sell.

Originality/value
Individuals start to make independent decisions around food preparation and consumption as teenagers; as present and future consumers, it is valuable to learn their perspectives and knowledge about food safety. More importantly, food safety is not only simply a health-related issue but also a semantic one. This study moves beyond the knowledge deficit approach characterizing most research on the topic. Instead, it probes the range of meanings associated with food safety and how they are worked out, revealing that the teenagers’ construction of food as “risk objects” reveals different links to harm than the food safety interventions typically directed to them.
Exploring demand for eco-labeled dairy product attributes in Vermont
Authors: Conner David , Irwin Emily , Simmen Maelle 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential of eco-labels to help dairy farm viability as one partial solution to a complex problem. Specifically, it aims to understand which attributes are most likely to increase consumption and garner price premiums.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses key informant interviews and a convenience sample (n=203) of supermarket shoppers in Vermont. It uses Likert-type scales to measure the likelihood of increased purchase and paying price premiums based on a series attributes including animal welfare, fair labor standards, family farms and environmental stewardship. It calculates and compares mean ratings of each attribute and use an ordinal regression to measure the effect of demographic attributes on each attribute’s rating.

Findings
Interviewed stakeholders named low milk prices and evolving industry structure as harming dairy farm viability. They list supply control and improved promotion as potential solutions. Survey respondents say attributes supporting animal welfare, farm workers, family farms and healthy soil are most likely to garner increased consumption and price premiums.

Research limitations/implications
The authors use a convenience sample, so generalization to larger populations is not advisable.

Practical implications
Promotion around animal welfare, farm workers, family farms and healthy soil is most likely to be effective, based on the results of this study. The survey responses are very highly correlated, suggesting that a multi-attribute eco-label may garner the most support.

Social implications
This work can inform efforts to promote dairy farm viability, an important sector of the agricultural economy in Vermont and elsewhere in the USA.

Originality/value
This research provides the ranking of attributes which may appear on eco-labels by current consumers of dairy products in a state with an important dairy heritage and industry.
Metrics to improve universal-service fund disbursements
Authors: Samarajiva Rohan , Hurulle Gayani 
Published: October 2018

PurposeMany governments wishing to provide telecommunication services to those who are unconnected have chosen the Universal Service Fund (USF) as the principal policy instrument. However, there is evidence that monies directly or indirectly collected from users of telecommunication services are lying unspent in these funds. The purpose of this paper is to propose metrics for measuring the disbursement efficacy of funds across time and across countries as an essential element of improving the performance of the universal service funds.

Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes two metrics, the total disbursement rate (TDR) and the year-on-year disbursement rate (YDR), which can be used to assess the disbursement efficacy of universal service programs. It illustrates the value of the metrics by applying them to the USFs of India, Malaysia and Pakistan.

FindingsA move to push out funds has been observed in India in recent years. Pakistan had not reached the same momentum up to mid-2014. An improvement in Malaysia’s disbursement efficacy was observed until 2013, with nearly all of the funds collected in the previous year being disbursed. A significant proportion of the funds collected are lying unspent in the three USFs, nevertheless.

Originality/valueThe proposed metrics are robust, objective and parsimonious indicators that allow comparison over time and across countries. They will enable productive, evidence-based conversations that will hold fund administrators accountable and will inform the design and implementation of more effective policy mechanisms.
Numerical treatment of mass continuity in pressure-correction methods for patient specific flow simulations
Authors: Skiadopoulos Anastasios , Neofytou Panagiotis , Housiadas Christos 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is the development of a robust numerical scheme for fluid flow simulations in complex domains with open boundaries.

Design/methodology/approach
A modified pressure correction algorithm is presented. The proposed modifications are derived through a step-by-step analysis of the importance of mass continuity enforcement in pressure correction methods, the boundary conditions of the pressure correction equation and the special nature of open boundaries.

Findings
The algorithm is validated by performing steady state laminar flow simulations in two backward facing step geometries with progressively truncated outlet channels. The efficiency of the methodology is demonstrated by simulating the pulsatile flow field in a patient specific iliac bifurcation reconstructed by medical imaging data.

Originality/value
The proposed numerical scheme provides accurate and mass conserving solutions in complex domains with open boundaries. The proposed methodology may be directly implemented in any computational domain without any prerequisites regarding the location or type of domain boundaries.
Stability analysis on the stagnation-point flow and heat transfer over a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet with heat source effect
Authors: Kamal Fatinnabila , Zaimi Khairy , Ishak Anuar , Pop Ioan 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the behavior of the stagnation-point flow and heat transfer over a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet in the presence of the viscous dissipation and heat source effects.

Design/methodology/approach
The governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by similarity transformations before being solved numerically using the bvp4c function built in Matlab software. Effects of suction/injection parameter and heat source parameter on the skin friction and heat transfer coefficients as well as the velocity and temperature profiles are presented in the forms of tables and graphs. A temporal stability analysis will be conducted to verify which solution is stable for the dual solutions exist for the shrinking case.

Findings
The analysis indicates that the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number as well as the velocity and temperature were influenced by suction/injection parameter. In contrast, only the local Nusselt number, which represents heat transfer rate at the surface, was affected by heat source effect. Further, numerical results showed that dual solutions were found to exist for the certain range of shrinking case. Then, the stability analysis is performed, and it is confirmed that the first solution is linearly stable and has real physical implication, while the second solution is not.

Practical implications
In practice, the study of the steady two-dimensional stagnation-point flow and heat transfer past a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet in the presence of heat source effect is very crucial and useful. The problems involving fluid flow over stretching or shrinking surfaces can be found in many industrial manufacturing processes such as hot rolling, paper production and spinning of fibers. Owing to the numerous applications, the study of stretching/shrinking sheet was subsequently extended by many authors to explore various aspects of skin friction coefficient and heat transfer in a fluid. Besides that, the study of suction/injection on the boundary layer flow also has important applications in the field of aerodynamics and space science.

Originality/value
Although many studies on viscous fluid has been investigated, there is still limited discoveries found on the heat source and suction/injection effects. Indeed, this paper managed to obtain the second (dual) solutions and stability analysis is performed. The authors believe that all the results are original and have not been published elsewhere.
Effects of moving wall on the flow of micropolar fluid inside a right angle triangular cavity
Authors: Nazeer Mubbashar , Ali N. , Javed T. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of moving wall on the mixed convection flow and heat transfer in a right-angle triangular cavity filled with a micropolar fluid.

Design/methodology/approach
It is assumed that the bottom wall is uniformly heated and the right inclined wall is cold, whereas the vertical wall is adiabatic and moving with upward/downward velocity v0/−v0, respectively. The micropolar fluid is considered to satisfy the Boussinesq approximation. The governing equations and boundary conditions are solved using the Galerkin finite element method. The Penalty method is used to eliminate the pressure term from the momentum equations. To accomplish the consistent solution, the value of the penalty parameter is taken 107. The simulations are performed for a wide range of Richardson number, micropolar parameter, Prandtl number and Reynolds number.

Findings
The results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherms and variations of average Nusselt number and fluid flow rate depending on the Richardson number, Prandtl number, micropolar parameter and direction of the moving wall. The flow field and temperature distribution in the cavity are affected by these parameters. An average Nusselt number into the cavity in both cases increase with increasing Prandtl and Richardson numbers and decreases with increasing micropolar parameter, and it has a maximum value when the lid is moving in the downward direction for all the physical parameters.

Research limitations/implications
The present investigation is conducted for the steady, two-dimensional mixed convective flow in a right-angle triangular cavity filled with micropolar fluid. An extension of the present study with the effects of cavity inclination, square cavity, rectangular, trapezoidal and wavy cavity will be the interest of future work.

Originality/value
This work studies the effects of moving wall, micropolar parameter, Richardson number, Prandtl number and Reynolds number parameter in a right-angle triangular cavity filled with a micropolar fluid on the fluid flow and heat transfer. This study might be useful to flows of biological fluids in thin vessels, polymeric suspensions, liquid crystals, slurries, colloidal suspensions, exotic lubricants, solar engineering for construction of triangular solar collector, construction of thermal insulation structure and geophysical fluid mechanics, etc.
A series solution of the boundary value problem arising in the application of fluid mechanics
Authors: Khan Yasir 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to study the two-dimensional steady magneto-hydrodynamic flow of a second-grade fluid in a porous channel using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM).

Design/methodology/approach
The governing Navier–Stokes equations of the flow are reduced to a third-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation by a suitable similarity transformation. Analytic solution of the resulting differential equation is obtained using the HPM. Mathematica software is used to visualize the flow behavior. The effects of the various parameters on velocity field are analyzed through appropriate graphs.

Findings
It is found that x component of the velocity increases with the increase of the Hartman number when the transverse direction variable ranges from 0 to 0.2 and the reverse behavior is observed when transverse direction variable takes values between 0.2 and 0.5. It is noted that the y component of the velocity increases rapidly with the increase of the transverse direction variable. The y component of the velocity increases marginally with the increase of the Hartman number M. The effect of the Reynolds number R on the x and y components of the velocity is quite opposite to the effect of the Hartman number on the x and y components of the velocity and the effect of the parameter on the x and y components of the velocity is similar to that of the Reynolds number.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, nobody had tried before two-dimensional steady magneto-hydrodynamic flow of a second-grade fluid in a porous channel using the HPM.