bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution pattern and mortality of the white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), among rice seeds
Authors: Togashi Katsumi , Hoshino Shigeru 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAphelenchoides besseyi is a seed-borne nematode and the causal agent of rice white tip disease. To determine the relationships between nematode numbers per seed, size of seed harbouring nematodes, and nematode mortality, 18 panicles were collected from 12 paddy fields showing three different levels of white tip disease. The panicles were investigated after storage for 30-82 days at 4°C. There was no nematode mortality within seeds during storage. Mean nematode number per seed increased and mean degree of seed swelling decreased as the paddy field infestation of white tip disease increased. For paddy field means, there was a significant, negative correlation between the mean nematode number per seed and the mean degree of rice seed swelling. Intriguingly, for individual seeds, the mean degree of swelling increased up to that typical of well-developed seeds with increasing nematode number per seed. Nematode mortality occurred in an inversely density-dependent fashion within individual seeds. The nematode exhibited a clumped distribution among seeds in each paddy field. Such ecological features of the nematode might contribute to its persistence in rice plant population.
Effects of temperature on stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) infestation of white clover (Trifolium repens) swards
Authors: Griffith Gwyn S. , Cook Roger , Mizen K. Anthony 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Development of stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) infestations of white
clover (Trifolium repens) in artificially established swards and
transplanted turfs was monitored at field sites with different mean daily
temperatures. In artificial swards the level of nematode infestation was
inversely related to mean daily temperature. In transplanted turfs,
nematodes caused a 46% reduction in white clover density over an 18-month
period; the level of damage was not significantly affected by mean daily
temperature although the proportion of clover stolons infested was higher at
colder temperatures. Reductions in infestation levels at higher temperatures
are probably the result of reduced survival in soil and the upper lethal
temperature for nematodes being exceeded more frequently under warmer
conditions. Influence de la temperature sur l'infestation, dans des
pelouses, du trefle blanc (Trifolium repens) par le nematode des tiges
(Ditylenchus dipsaci) - Le developpement de l'infestation du trefle blanc
(Trifolium repens) par le nematode des tiges (Ditylenchus dipsaci) dans des
pelouses artificielles ou des gazons transplantes a ete controlee, au champ,
a differentes temperatures journalieres. Dans les pelouses artificielles, le
niveau de l'infestation par le nematode est inversement proportionnel a la
temperature journaliere moyenne. Dans le cas des gazons transplantes, et sur
une periode de 18 mois, les nematodes reduisent de 46% la densite des
trefles blancs; le niveau des degats n'est pas significativement affecte par
la temperature moyenne journaliere quoique la proportion de stolons de
trefle infestes soit plus elevee aux temperatures les plus basses. La
diminution de l'infestation aux temperatures elevees est probablement due a
une moindre survie du nematode dans le sol et au fait que les temperatures
letales pour lui soient plus frequemment depassees dans des conditions de
plus grande chaleur.
The effect of low temperature on preparasitic juveniles of Romanomermis (Nematoda: Mermithidae)
Authors: Peng Yufang , Song Yi , Song Jinzhang , Platzer Edward G. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
This study showed that at low temperatures (-2 to 2C), more than 90% of the
preparasitic juveniles of Romanomermis yunanensis and Romanomermis sp.
survived for 8 and 5 days, respectively, but at 26 to 28 C and 16 to 18 C,
the 90% survival time for preparasites of these species was 24 and 48 h,
respectively. The percentage of mosquitoes infected by preparasites of R.
yunanensis maintained at low temperature for 8-11 days was 87.5-94.3%.
Preparasites of Romanomermis sp. maintained for 5 days at low temperature
infected 81.5 and 55.1% of the mosquitoes in the laboratory and field tests,
respectively. This infectivities were not significantly different (P >
0.05) from the pre-storage values. This data indicates that low temperature
storage prolonged the survival time and had no effect on the infectivity of
the preparasitic juveniles of these Romanomermis species. Effet de basses
temperatures sur les juveniles infestants de Romanomermis (Nematoda:
Mermithidae)- La presente etude montre qu'a basse temperature (de- 2 a + 2
C) plus de 90% des juveniles preparasites de Romanomermis yunanensis et
Romanomermis sp. survivent, respectivement, 8 et 5 jours tandis qu'entre 26
et 28 C ou 16 et 18 C leur survie n'est que de 24 et 48 h, respectivement.
Le pourcentage des moustiques infestes par les juveniles preparasites de R.
vunanensis maintenus a basse temperature pendant 8 a 11 jours variait de
87,5 a 94,3%. Les juveniles preparasites de Romanomermis sp. maintenus 5
jours a basse temperature infestent 81,5% de moustiques lors de tests au
laboratoire et 55,1% lors de tests au champ. Ces taux d'infestivite ne sont
pas significativement differents (P > 0 . 05) de ceux releves avant
stockage. Ces donnees indiquent que le stockage a basse temperature prolonge
le temps de survie des juveniles preparasites de ces especes de Romanomermis
et n'a aucun effet sur leur infestivite.
Authigenic kaolin and illitic minerals during burial diagenesis of sandstones: a review
Authors: Lanson B. , Beaufort D. , Berger G. , Bauer A. , Cassagnabère A. , Meunier A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe diagenetic evolution of kaolin and illitic minerals in sandstones is described here. The structural characterization of these minerals, the possible reaction pathways leading to their crystallization, and the origin of the fluids involved are discussed specifically.While early precipitation of kaolinite is in general related to flushing by meteoric waters, subsequent diagenetic kaolinite-to-dickite transformation probably results from invasion by acidic fluids of organic origin. Dickite is the stable polytype in most sandstone formations and the kaoliniteto- dickite conversion is kinetically controlled.The conventional model of kaolin illitization, assuming a thermodynamic control in a closed system, is discussed and compared to an alternative model in which illitization of kaolin is not coupled to dissolution of K-feldspar (Bergeret al., 1997). In the latter model, illite crystallization at the expense of kaolin implies that an energy barrier is overcome either by an increased K+/H+activity ratio in solution or by a considerable temperature increase.
Ligation of CD11b and CD11c β2 integrins by antibodies or soluble CD23 induces macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α) and MIP-1β production in primary human monocytes through a pathway dependent on nuclear factor–κB
Authors: Rezzonico Roger , Imbert Veronique , Chicheportiche Rachel , Dayer Jean-Michel 
Published: July 2002

AbstractChemokines and adhesion molecules such as integrins play a major part in the trafficking, extravasation, and recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites. This study investigated the effects of β2 integrin engagement on chemokine production by freshly isolated human monocytes. We found that ligation of CD11b or CD11c but not CD11a α chains of β2 integrins by antibodies or soluble CD23 (sCD23) fusion proteins rapidly induced transcription and secretion of interleukin 8, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 1α, and MIP-1β. Because the promoters of these chemokine genes contain κB binding sites, we assessed the possible role of nuclear factor–κB (NF-κB) in controlling induction of the genes through β2 integrin engagement. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that sCD23 or antibodies to CD11b or to CD11c up-regulated DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. Activation of NF-κB was accompanied by degradation of its cytosolic inhibitor IκB-α. Blockade of depletion of IκB-α by proteasome inhibitors (proteasome inhibitor I or acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal) led to concomitant inhibition of NF-κB DNA-binding activity and expression of MIP-1α and MIP-1β messenger RNA induced by β2 integrin ligation. These results suggest that triggering of CD11b or CD11c β2 integrin on primary human monocytes provides activation signals leading to nuclear translocation of NF-κB and subsequent secretion of MIP-1α and MIP-1β that may have an important role in recruitment of other inflammatory cells during initiation of an inflammatory response.
Human natural killer cells: a unique innate immunoregulatory role for the CD56bright subset
Authors: Cooper Megan A. , Fehniger Todd A. , Turner Sarah C. , Chen Kenneth S. , Ghaheri Bobak A. , Ghayur Tariq , Carson William E. , Caligiuri Michael A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDuring the innate immune response to infection, monocyte-derived cytokines (monokines), stimulate natural killer (NK) cells to produce immunoregulatory cytokines that are important to the host's early defense. Human NK cell subsets can be distinguished by CD56 surface density expression (ie, CD56bright and CD56dim). In this report, it is shown that CD56bright NK cells produce significantly greater levels of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-β, granulocyte macrophage–colony-stimulating factor, IL-10, and IL-13 protein in response to monokine stimulation than do CD56dim NK cells, which produce negligible amounts of these cytokines. Further, qualitative differences in CD56bright NK-derived cytokines are shown to be dependent on the specific monokines present. For example, the monokine IL-15 appears to be required for type 2 cytokine production by CD56bright NK cells. It is proposed that human CD56bright NK cells have a unique functional role in the innate immune response as the primary source of NK cell–derived immunoregulatory cytokines, regulated in part by differential monokine production.
Cellular stress response and apoptosis in cancer therapy
Authors: Herr Ingrid , Debatin Klaus-Michael 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAnticancer treatment using cytotoxic drugs is considered to mediate cell death by activating key elements of the apoptosis program and the cellular stress response. While proteolytic enzymes (caspases) serve as main effectors of apoptosis, the mechanisms involved in activation of the caspase system are less clear. Two distinct pathways upstream of the caspase cascade have been identified. Death receptors, eg, CD95 (APO-1/Fas), trigger caspase-8, and mitochondria release apoptogenic factors (cytochrome c, Apaf-1, AIF), leading to the activation of caspase-9. The stressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contributes to apoptosis by the unfolded protein response pathway, which induces ER chaperones, and by the ER overload response pathway, which produces cytokines via nuclear factor-κB. Multiple other stress-inducible molecules, such as p53, JNK, AP-1, NF-κB, PKC/MAPK/ERK, and members of the sphingomyelin pathway have a profound influence on apoptosis. Understanding the complex interaction between different cellular programs provides insights into sensitivity or resistance of tumor cells and identifies molecular targets for rational therapeutic intervention strategies.
Spontaneous interleukin-5 production in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma lines is mediated by constitutively activated Stat3
Authors: Nielsen Mette , Nissen Mogens H. , Gerwien Jens , Zocca Mai-Britt , Rasmussen Helene M. , Nakajima Koichi , Röpke Carsten , Geisler Carsten , Kaltoft Keld , Ødum Niels 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Mycosis fungoides is a low-grade cutanous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) of unknown etiology. In advanced stages of CTCL, a shift in cytokine profile from TH1 to TH2 is observed, which coincides with eosinophilia, high levels of immunoglobulin E, and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. It is, however, unknown why TH2 cytokines predominate in advanced CTCL, and the cellular source of these cytokines also remains to be identified. In several leukemias and lymphomas, constitutively activated signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) signaling pathways have been detected. In a previous study, constitutive activation of Stat3 was found in tumor cells isolated from affected skin and blood from CTCL patients. Here, it is shown that CTCL tumor cell lines, but not nonmalignant cell lines, spontaneously produce interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-6, and IL-13. Transfection of tumor cells with dominant-negative Stat3 almost completely blocks IL-5 production and strongly inhibits IL-13 production, whereas IL-6 production is unaffected. Thus, the data show that malignant CTCL cells themselves might contribute to the change in cytokine pattern accompanying progression of CTCL. In conclusion, constitutively activated Stat3 is found to mediate a spontaneous IL-5 production and regulate IL-13 production in CTCL cell lines, pointing toward a new role of Stat3 in malignant transformation.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Yttrium-90–Labeled Ibritumomab Tiuxetan Radioimmunotherapy Versus Rituximab Immunotherapy for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Low-Grade, Follicular, or Transformed B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Witzig Thomas E. , Gordon Leo I. , Cabanillas Fernando , Czuczman Myron S. , Emmanouilides Christos , Joyce Robin , Pohlman Brad L. , Bartlett Nancy L. , Wiseman Gregory A. , Padre Norman , Grillo-López Antonio J. , Multani Pratik , White Christine A. 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: Radioimmunotherapy combines biologic and radiolytic mechanisms to target and destroy tumor cells, thus offering a needed therapeutic alternative for refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) patients. This phase III randomized study compares the novel radioimmunotherapy yttrium-90 (90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan with a control immunotherapy, rituximab, in 143 patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or transformed CD20+transformed NHL.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received either a single intravenous (IV) dose of90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan 0.4 mCi/kg (n = 73) or rituximab 375 mg/m2IV weekly for four doses (n = 70). The radioimmunotherapy group was pretreated with two rituximab doses (250 mg/m2) to improve biodistribution and one dose of indium-111 ibritumomab tiuxetan for imaging and dosimetry. The primary end point, overall response rate (ORR), was assessed by an independent, blinded, lymphoma expert panel.RESULTS: ORR was 80% for the90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan group versus 56% for the rituximab group (P = .002). Complete response (CR) rates were 30% and 16% in the90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan and rituximab groups, respectively (P = .04). An additional 4% achieved an unconfirmed CR in each group. Kaplan-Meier estimated median duration of response was 14.2 months in the90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan group versus 12.1 months in the control group (P = .6), and time to progression was 11.2 versus 10.1 months (P = .173) in all patients. Durable responses of ≥ 6 months were 64% versus 47% (P = .030). Reversible myelosuppression was the primary toxicity noted with90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan.CONCLUSION: Radioimmunotherapy with90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan is well tolerated and produces statistically and clinically significant higher ORR and CR compared with rituximab alone.
Early Adoption of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Abdel Jawad Mohammad , Spertus John A. , Ikeaba Uchechukwu , Greene Stephen J. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Chiswell Karen , Chan Paul S. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are the first therapy shown to improve clinical outcomes for patients with heart failure (HF) and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) greater than 40%. Nationwide adoption of SGLT2is in the US since publication of the Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (EMPEROR-Preserved) in August 2021 is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine trends and hospital-level variation in SGLT2i adoption.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included patients with LVEF greater than 40% who were hospitalized for decompensated HF at 1 of 557 sites in the US between July 1, 2021, and September 30, 2023, from the Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure registry.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPatient-level trends and site-level variation in prescription rates of SGLT2i at hospital discharge. Site-level variation was quantified using the median odds ratio, which describes the average odds that a patient being treated at one vs another randomly selected hospital would receive SGLT2i therapy at discharge.ResultsOf 158 849 patients (median [IQR] age, 76 [66-85] years; 89 816 females [56.5%]), 22 126 eligible patients (13.9%) with HF and an LVEF greater than 40% were prescribed an SGLT2i at hospital discharge. Quarterly prescription rates increased from 4.2% in July to September 2021 to 23.5% in July to September 2023 (P for trend &amp;lt; .001). SGLT2i prescription was more likely among patients with HF with mildly reduced LVEF (41%-49%) than in those with preserved LVEF (≥50%; 5127 of 27 712 patients [18.5%] vs 16 999 of 131 137 patients [13.0%]; absolute standardized difference, 16.7%). After adjustment for patient characteristics, there was a high variance between hospitals in the rate of SGLT2i prescription (median odds ratio, 2.12; 95% CI, 2.02-2.25). Among 518 hospitals with 10 or more eligible discharges, 11 hospitals (2.1%) discharged 50% or more of their patients with an SGLT2i prescription, while 232 (44.8%) discharged fewer than 10% of eligible patients with an SGLT2i prescription.Conclusion and RelevanceFor patients with HF and an LVEF greater than 40%, discharge prescription of SGLT2is increased from 4.2% to 23.5% during the first 2 years after the EMPEROR-Preserved trial demonstrating treatment benefits; however, these rates varied across US hospitals.
Antidiabetic Medication and Asthma Attacks
Authors: Lee Bohee , Man Kenneth K. C. , Wong Ernie , Tan Tricia , Sheikh Aziz , Bloom Chloe I. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceElevated body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes are prevalent in asthma and are associated with an increase in the risk of asthma attacks. In experimental studies, the diabetes medications metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have mitigated airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. However, epidemiological evidence is limited.ObjectiveTo estimate the association of metformin and add-on antidiabetic medications (GLP-1RA, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, sulphonylureas, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and insulin) with asthma attacks.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe study used data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum linked hospital admissions and mortality data from 2004 to 2020. A triangulation approach was used that applied 2 distinct approaches to enhance robustness: a self-controlled case series (SCCS) and a metformin new user cohort with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Eligible participants were new users of metformin with type 2 diabetes. To evaluate the association between metabolic phenotypes (BMI, glycemic control) and asthma phenotypes (type 2 inflammation, asthma severity), interaction analyses were conducted. Negative control analyses were conducted to assess for bias.ExposureThe primary exposure was metformin; secondary exposures included add-on antidiabetic medications.Main OutcomesThe primary outcome was first asthma exacerbation (short course of oral corticosteroids, unscheduled asthma-related hospital attendance, or death) during 12-month follow-up. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs were estimated using fixed-effect conditional Poisson models in the SCCS, and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using weighted Cox proportional hazards models in the cohort.ResultsOf more than 2 million adults with asthma, 4278 patients (2617 women [61.2%]; mean [SD] age, 52.9 [13.6] years) were identified for the SCCS and 8424 patients (4690 women [55.7%]; unexposed: mean [SD] age, 61.6 [13.2] years; exposed: mean [SD] age, 59.7 [13.7] years) for the IPTW cohort. Metformin was found to be associated with fewer asthma attacks of similar magnitude in both approaches (SCCS: IRR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.62-0.75; IPTW: HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67-0.85). Negative control analyses did not find evidence of significant bias. Hemoglobin A1c levels, BMI, blood eosinophil cell counts, and asthma severity did not modify the association. The only add-on antidiabetic medication to have an additive association was GLP-1RA (SCCS: IRR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.49-0.73).Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study suggest that metformin was associated with a lower rate of asthma attacks, with further reductions with the use of GLP-1RA. This appeared to be associated with mechanisms other than through glycemic control or weight loss and occurred across asthma phenotypes.
Systemic Postnatal Corticosteroids, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, and Survival Free of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Doyle Lex W. , Mainzer Rheanna , Cheong Jeanie L. Y. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceSystemic postnatal corticosteroids have been shown to reduce rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants born preterm, but both corticosteroids and BPD are associated with cerebral palsy.ObjectiveTo describe how the association between systemic postnatal corticosteroids and survival free of cerebral palsy varies with the risk of BPD in infants born preterm, and if the association differs between dexamethasone and hydrocortisone, or with age at starting treatment.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis comparative effectiveness research used weighted meta-regression analysis of eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of systemic postnatal corticosteroids reported from June 1989 through March 2022 that included rates of all of BPD, mortality, and cerebral palsy in neonatal intensive care units in 10 countries. Infants born preterm at risk of BPD were included. Data were analyzed from April and July 2024.InterventionsSystemic dexamethasone or hydrocortisone.Main Outcomes and MeasuresType and timing of corticosteroid, control group rate of BPD, and risk difference in survival free of cerebral palsy between corticosteroid and control arms.ResultsTwenty-six RCTs with data on 3700 randomized infants were eligible; 18 (69%) investigated dexamethasone and 8 (31%) hydrocortisone; 12 (46%) started treatment in the first week after birth. There was evidence for a differential association of the type of corticosteroid with the effect of systemic dexamethasone on survival free of cerebral palsy and the risk of BPD in control groups (interaction coefficient, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.25-0.82; P = .001). For dexamethasone, for every 10–percentage point increase in the risk of BPD, the risk difference for survival free of cerebral palsy increased by 3.74% (95% CI, 1.54 to 5.93; P = .002). Dexamethasone was associated with improved survival free of cerebral palsy at a risk of BPD greater than 70%. Conversely, dexamethasone was associated with harm at a risk of BPD less than 30%. There was some evidence for a negative association with hydrocortisone, with possible benefit with risk of BPD less than 30%. There was no strong evidence for a differential effect of timing among those treated with dexamethasone (interaction coefficient, 0.13; 95% CI, −0.04 to 0.30; P = .14).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings suggest that dexamethasone (compared with control) was associated with improved rates of survival free of cerebral palsy in infants at high risk of BPD but should be avoided in those at low risk. A role for hydrocortisone is uncertain.