bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'action pour le climat, une action contre l'emploi? Évaluation des conséquences du scénario à 2 °C sur l'emploi
Authors: MONTT Guillermo , WIEBE Kirsten S. , HARSDORFF Marek , SIMAS Moana , BONNET Antoine , WOOD Richard 
Published: December 2018

RésuméL'Accord de Paris fixe pour objectif de limiter le réchauffement climatique à 2 °C. Il faudra pour cela accroître la part des énergies renouvelables et améliorer l'efficacité énergétique. Une telle transition énergétique aura des répercussions sur l'ensemble de l'économie, y compris en matière d'emploi. Les auteurs cherchent à mesurer cet effet sur l'emploi en utilisant un modèle entrées‐sorties multirégional. Ils montrent que la transition énergétique débouchera sur une création nette d'emplois dans la plupart des économies en 2030 (principalement grâce à la construction, à l'industrie manufacturière et au secteur des énergies vertes) et sur des flux d'emplois intersectoriels.
Retrospective audit of neutropenic fever after chemotherapy: how many patients could benefit from oral antibiotic management?
Authors: Poprawski Dagmara M. , Chan Johan , Barnes Alex , Koczwara Bogda 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGuidelines suggest that carefully selected patients with neutropenic fever (NF) may be suitable for early discharge on oral antibiotics. Despite these recommendations, many centres manage NF with intravenous antibiotic protocols and inpatient care. We have conducted a retrospective audit of patients with NF, and found that 12 of 40 (30%) patients were eligible for early discharge on oral antibiotics and ambulatory care. Further studies into the barriers to ambulatory management in NF are warranted.
Enhanced pyroelectric properties of lead‐free BNT‐BA‐KNN ceramics for thermal energy harvesting
Authors: Shen Meng , Qin Yanfeng , Zhang Yujing , Marwat Mohsin Ali , Zhang Chao , Wang Wanqiang , Li Mingyu , Zhang Haibo , Zhang Guangzu , Jiang Shenlin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this work, (1−x)(0.98Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐0.02BiAlO3)‐x(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 (BNT‐BA‐xKNN) lead‐free pyroelectric ceramics were prepared by a solid‐state reaction method. The effect of Na0.5K0.5NbO3 (KNN) content on microstructure, phase transition, and electrical properties of the BNT‐BA‐xKNN ceramics were systematically investigated. The results show that the appropriate content of KNN can induce the formation of the tetragonal structure, which results in the decreased ferroelectric‐antiferroelectric phase transition temperature as a result of the break of long‐range translational symmetry of BNT lattices. Therefore, the ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties of the BNT‐BA‐xKNN near room temperature are improved. The room‐temperature pyroelectric coefficient significantly increases from 3.66 × 10−4 C/m2/K at x = 0 to 8.04 × 10−4 C/m2/K at x = 0.02, making a great contribution to the superior pyroelectric energy harvesting. The output energy density in one cycle of the BNT‐BA‐0.02KNN is 23.32 μJ/cm3, which is twice as high as that of the pristine samples. The enhancement of material properties suggests that the pyroelectric energy harvesting can be efficiently optimized by the adequate control of the phase structure.
Optimal team composition for tool‐based problem solving
Authors: Bendor Jonathan , Page Scott E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we construct a framework for modeling teams of agents who apply techniques or procedures (tools) to solve problems. In our framework, tools differ in their likelihood of solving the problem at hand; agents, who may be of different types, vary in their skill at using tools. We establish baseline hiring rules when a manager can dictate tool choice and then derive results for strategic tool choice by team members. We highlight three main findings: First, that cognitively diverse teams are more likely to solve problems in both settings. Second, that teams consisting of types that master diverse tools have an indirect strategic advantage because tool diversity facilitates coordination. Third, that strategic tool choice creates counterintuitive optimal hiring practices. For example, optimal teams may exclude the highest ability types and can include dominated types. In addition, optimal groups need not increase setwise. Our framework extends to cover teamwork on decomposable problems, to cases where individuals apply multiple tools, and to teams facing a flow or set of problems.
Low‐dose aspirin can reduce colorectal cancer mortality after surgery: A 10‐year follow‐up of 13 528 colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Sung Joseph J Y , Ho Jason M W , Chan Felix C H , Tsoi Kelvin K F 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe chemopreventive effect of aspirin in colorectal cancer (CRC) is well studied, but its benefit in patients after CRC diagnosis and surgery is unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of low‐dose aspirin use in mortality among CRC patients after surgery.MethodsPatients were analyzed in two cohorts: (i) patients taking aspirin before CRC diagnosis and continued or discontinued aspirin after surgery and (ii) patients, who never used aspirin before CRC diagnosis, received or did not receive aspirin after surgery. CRC‐related mortality and all‐cause mortality were the primary and secondary outcomes. Sub‐distribution hazard ratio (SHR) for competing‐risk CRC mortality was fitted to adjust for other causes of death; hazard ratio (HR) was used to compare all‐cause mortality.ResultsA total of 13 528 CRC patients were included. Among 3292 patients with regular aspirin use before CRC diagnosis, 2658 (80.7%) continued aspirin and 634 (19.3%) discontinued aspirin after surgery. Continuous use of aspirin significantly reduced CRC‐related mortality (SHR: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59–0.81) and all‐cause mortality (HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.55–0.68). Among 10 236 patients who did not use aspirin before CRC diagnosis, 1054 patients (10.3%) received aspirin after surgery and 9182 (89.7%) did not. Aspirin initiated after surgery reduced CRC‐related mortality (SHR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80–0.98) and all‐cause mortality (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81–0.94).ConclusionsIrrespective of aspirin use before surgery for CRC, low‐dose aspirin after surgery lowers risk of both CRC‐related mortality and overall mortality.
Development of the Leiden Independence Questionnaire for Support Staff: a measure of staff behaviour regarding promoting independence of people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Sandjojo J. , Gebhardt W. A. , Zedlitz A. M. E. E. , Hoekman J. , Dusseldorp E. , den Haan J. A. , Evers A. W. M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundSupport staff of adults with intellectual disability (ID) play an important role in promoting independence in home and community settings. However, little is known about the types of behaviours staff should use to promote independence and instruments that assess such behaviour do not yet exist. The aim of this study was therefore to develop and initially validate a reliable questionnaire that measures the degree to which support staff display behaviours that promote independence in people with ID.MethodThe Leiden Independence Questionnaire for Support Staff (LIQSS) was constructed to measure the extent to which support staff promote independence in people with ID. The LIQSS was completed by 142 staff members working with people with ID. For the psychometric evaluation of the LIQSS, a principal component analysis was performed with an oblique rotation in all items. Next, the principal component analysis was performed with a forced three‐component extraction, and three sub‐scales were computed. To assess internal consistency, Cronbach's α was calculated for each of the sub‐scales.ResultsThe LIQSS was found to consist of three internally consistent (Cronbach's α was respectively 0.92, 0.79 and 0.76) and meaningful components: (1) communication, agreements and coordination; (2) positive encouragement and tailoring; and (3) supporting independent performance. The final 22 items had factor loadings between 0.44 and 0.91 on their corresponding component and a minimal difference in loading to the other factors of 0.20.ConclusionsThe LIQSS appears to be an instrument with positive face validity and reliability (internal consistency) that assesses the degree to which support staff promote independence in people with ID. To increase the instrument's value for both scientific research and clinical practice, studies should focus on the further validation of the LIQSS.
The National Early Warning Score predicts mortality in hospital ward patients with deviating vital signs: A retrospective medical record review study
Authors: Spångfors Martin , Bunkenborg Gitte , Molt Mats , Samuelson Karin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate whether the scale used for assessment of hospital ward patients could predict in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality amongst those with deviating vital signs; that is, that patients classified as medium or high risk would have increased risk of in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality compared to patients with low risk.BackgroundThe National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is a widely adopted scale for assessing deviating vital signs. A clinical risk scale that comes with the NEWS divides the risk for critical illness into three risk categories, low, medium and high.DesignRetrospective analysis of vital sign data.MethodsLogistic regression models for age‐adjusted in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality were used for analyses of 1,107 patients with deviating vital signs.ResultsPatients classified as medium or high risk by NEWS experienced a 2.11 or 3.40 increase, respectively, in odds of in‐hospital death (95% CI: 1.27–3.51, p = 0.004% and 95% CI: 1.90–6.01, p < 0.001) compared to low‐risk patients. Moreover, those with NEWS medium or high risk were associated with a 1.98 or 3.19 increase, respectively, in odds of 30‐day mortality (95% CI: 1.32–2.97, p = 0.001% and 95% CI: 1.97–5.18, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe NEWS risk classification seems to be a reliable predictor of mortality on patients in hospital wards.Relevance to clinical practiceThe NEWS risk classification offers a simple way to identify deteriorating patients and can aid the healthcare staff to prioritise amongst patients.
Dose–response functions and methodological insights for sensory tests with astringent stimuli
Authors: Kershaw Jonathan C. , Running Cordelia A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSensations such as bitterness and astringency can limit the acceptance of many purportedly healthy foods. The purpose of this study was to investigate dose–response relationships of various astringent and bitter stimuli in a beverage, and to simultaneously gain additional methodological insight for the effects of wording, repeated tasting, and beverage matrix on these sensations. Untrained participants were presented with samples of a “flavored beverage” or water containing various concentrations of four stimuli (alum, malic acid, tannic acid, and quinine) and were asked to rate intensities of tastes (bitterness, sourness, and sweetness) and astringency subqualities (roughing, drying, and constricting or puckering) using a generalized visual analog scale. Using constricting in place of puckering had no effect on ratings. The effects of repeated tasting and beverage matrix on astringency perception were stimulus‐dependent. This study informs future investigations to understand the psychophysics of tastes and astringency.Practical applicationsThis study provides stimulus‐ and quality‐specific data to improve astringency research. Furthermore, dose–response functions will aid researchers when selecting appropriate concentrations of astringent stimuli. We also provide recommendations for a variety of testing contexts, such as beverage matrix and the number of samples, to optimize the design of astringency studies, especially for naïve participants. This study further demonstrates how affective responses influence evaluation of astringent samples among untrained participants.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of pregabalin suppositories based on pharmacological research
Authors: Yajima Ryo , Matsumoto Kazuaki , Yokono Kanako , Watabe Yuki , Enoki Yuki , Taguchi Kazuaki , Ise Yuya , Katayama Shiro , Kizu Junko 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objectives
As commercially available pregabalin preparations are limited to oral administration, it is impossible to use it as an adjuvant analgesic for neuropathic cancer-related pain in terminally ill cancer patients with oral feeding difficulties. The objective of this study was to develop a pregabalin suppository to be available at hospitals.

Methods
Pregabalin suppositories were prepared using bases comprising six different compositions of Witepsol H-15, Witepsol S-55, and Witepsol E-75. The suppository release test and stability test were performed in vitro. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the suppositories were assessed in rats.

Key findings
In the in vitro releasing test, the pregabalin suppositories with H-15, H-15 : S-55 = 1 : 1, H-15 : S-55 = 2 : 1, H-15 : S-55 = 1 : 2 released approximately 100% of the pregabalin within 180 min. Among these pregabalin suppositories, only the suppository with H-15 : S-55 = 2 : 1 demonstrated an equivalent AUC0−∞ with the oral administration group. Consistent with the results of the pharmacokinetic study, the pregabalin suppository with H-15 : S-55 = 2 : 1 exhibited antinociceptive effects. In addition, the pregabalin suppository with H-15 : S-55 = 2 : 1 was stable for 12 weeks when refrigerated with light shielding.

Conclusions
The pregabalin suppositories prepared in this study may be applicable for pain control for terminally cancer ill patients with oral feeding difficulties.
Sleep patterns and insomnia in young adults: A national survey of Norwegian university students
Authors: Sivertsen Børge , Vedaa Øystein , Harvey Allison G. , Glozier Nick , Pallesen Ståle , Aarø Leif E. , Lønning Kari J. , Hysing Mari 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to describe sleep patterns and rate of insomnia according to diagnostic criteria in college and university students, as well as to examine potential changes in sleep problems from 2010 to 2018. Data stemmed from a national student health survey from 2018 for higher education in Norway (the SHoT study), which invited all 162,512 fulltime students in Norway. A total of 50,054 students (69.1% women) aged 18–35 years were included, yielding a response rate of 30.8%. Sleep parameters, reported separately for weekdays and weekends, included calculations of bedtime, rise time, sleep duration, sleep‐onset latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep need and sleep deficit. Insomnia was defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn) criteria. For the trend analysis, we used one item measuring difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep, over three time points (2010, 2014 and 2018). The results from 2018 showed large weekday–weekend differences across most sleep parameters. Both male and female students obtained a mean sleep duration in the lower end of the normal range on weekdays (7:24 hr), but met their own sleep need and sleep recommendations at weekends (8:25 hr). The overall prevalence of insomnia was 34.2% in women and 22.2% in men. There was a substantial increase in sleep problems from 2010 (22.6%) to 2018 (30.5%), which was especially pronounced in women. We conclude that sleep problems are both prevalent and increasing among students. This warrants attention as a public health problem in this population.
Hepatitis C virus genotype 3 was associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea
Authors: Lee Sang Soo , Kim Cha Young , Kim Bo Ra , Cha Ra Ri , Kim Wan Soo , Kim Jin Joo , Lee Jae Min , Kim Hong Jun , Ha Chang Yoon , Kim Hyun Jin , Kim Tae Hyo , Jung Woon Tae , Lee Ok‐Jae 
Published: December 2018

SummaryAlthough hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 infection is thought to be an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), current evidence is limited because only a few Western studies have evaluated the occurrence of HCC in patients with HCV genotype 3 infection. We evaluated the impact of genotype 3 and non‐3 on HCC incidence and on disease progression in chronic HCV patients; this is the first study reporting such findings in an Asian population. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the data of 1448 consecutive chronic HCV patients evaluated at three centres in Korea between January 2005 and December 2016. Of these, 604, 675 and 169 had genotype 1, genotype 2 and genotype 3 HCV infections, respectively. Over a mean follow‐up period of 53.2 months, 75 and 143 patients of all the patients developed HCC and experienced disease progression, respectively. The incidences of HCC were 1.10, 0.92 and 2.50 per 100 person‐years, and those of disease progression were 1.95, 1.62 and 6.72 per 100 person‐years for HCV genotypes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, genotype 3 was associated with an increased risk of HCC (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.02‐8.97) and an increased risk of disease progression (HR = 4.88, 95%; CI = 2.94‐8.08). Our study proposes that HCV genotype 3 is an independent risk factor for HCC and disease progression in chronic HCV patients.
Notions of at‐issueness
Authors: Koev Todor 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUpon hearing the sentenceMessi, who once scored a goal with his hand, won the Ballon d'Or, the addressee is likely to interpret the main clause as conveying the “main point” and view the appositive relative clause as contributing secondary information. The intuition that some part of the utterance conveys the main point has recently been discussed in formal semantics and pragmatics under the label of “at‐issueness.” However, this label has been used in a variety of ways, and there is often little clarity as to what is meant by it. This survey tries to clear things up by identifying and spelling out three specific notions of at‐issueness, i.e. Q(uestion)‐at‐issueness, P(roposal)‐at‐issueness, and C(oherence)‐at‐issueness. After looking into what they say about similar kinds of data, I conclude that while these notions appear to capture facets of the same broad intuition, they are truly distinct. The paper also discusses potential connections of at‐issueness to projection and commitment strength.
Image‐based post‐disaster inspection of reinforced concrete bridge systems using deep learning with Bayesian optimization
Authors: Liang Xiao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMany bridge structures, one of the most critical components in transportation infrastructure systems, exhibit signs of deteriorations and are approaching or beyond the initial design service life. Therefore, structural health inspections of these bridges are becoming critically important, especially after extreme events. To enhance the efficiency of such an inspection, in recent years, autonomous damage detection based on computer vision has become a research hotspot. This article proposes a three‐level image‐based approach for post‐disaster inspection of the reinforced concrete bridge using deep learning with novel training strategies. The convolutional neural network for image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation are, respectively, proposed to conduct system‐level failure classification, component‐level bridge column detection, and local damage‐level damage localization. To enable efficient training and prediction using a small data set, the model robustness is a crucial aspect to be taken into account, generally through its hyperparameters’ selection. This article, based on Bayesian optimization, proposes a principled manner of such selection, with which very promising results (well over 90% accuracies) and robustness are observed on all three‐level deep learning models.
The Angara Rock Art Style and the Emergence of Ethno‐Cultural Identity
Authors: Ponomareva Irina A. , Taçon Paul S.C. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis paper focuses on a stylistic analysis of depictions of elk in Siberian rock art in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. The aim of this paper is to go beyond the cultural and chronological attributions of rock art and to try to understand why and through what processes changes in rock‐art style occurred. In order to answer these questions, the phenomena of ethnicity and ethno‐cultural identity are explored. Rock art is not considered as a passive reflection of past ethno‐cultural groups but rather as an active agent in structuring social identities.
Wood forming tissue‐specific bicistronic expression of PdGA20ox1 and PtrMYB221 improves both the quality and quantity of woody biomass production in a hybrid poplar
Authors: Cho Jin‐Seong , Jeon Hyung‐Woo , Kim Min‐Ha , Vo The K. , Kim Jinsoo , Park Eung‐Jun , Choi Young‐Im , Lee Hyoshin , Han Kyung‐Hwan , Ko Jae‐Heung 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWith the exponential growth of the human population and industrial developments, research on renewable energy resources is required to alleviate environmental and economic impacts caused by the consumption of fossil fuels. In this study, we present a synthetic biological application of a wood forming tissue‐specific bicistronic gene expression system to improve both the quantity and quality of woody biomass to minimize undesirable growth penalties. Our transgenic poplars, designed to express both PdGA20ox1 (a GA20‐oxidase from Pinus densiflora producing bioactive gibberellin, GA) and PtrMYB221 (a MYB transcription factor negatively regulating lignin biosynthesis) under the developing xylem (DX) tissue‐specific promoter (i.e., DX15::PdGA20ox1‐2A‐PtrMYB221 poplar), resulted in a 2‐fold increase in biomass quantity compared to wild‐type (WT), without undesirable growth defects. A similar phenotype was observed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring the same gene constructs. These phenotypic consequences were further verified in the field experiments. Importantly, our transgenic poplars exhibited an improved quality of biomass with reduced lignin content (~16.0 wt%) but increased holocellulose content (~6.6 wt%). Furthermore, the saccharification efficiency of our transgenic poplar increased significantly by up to 8%. Our results demonstrate that the controlled production of both GA and a secondary wall modifying regulator in the same spatio‐temporal manner can be utilized as an efficient biotechnological tool for producing the desired multi‐purpose woody biomass.
Proliferating Policy: Technologies, Performance, and Aesthetics in the Circulation and Governance of Health Care Reform in Bolivia
Authors: Bernstein Alissa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article examines the circulation of a national health reform policy in Bolivia. While much of what exists as policy finds its dissemination and implementation in literary and material forms such as documents, pamphlets, and legal papers, I suggest that both documented and performative forms of policy provide openings to aesthetic realization that exceed the staid and stable manifestations of finished forms. I examine the presentations and performances of a national health reform policy, which repeated in different iterations and were represented through a variety of aesthetic strategies throughout the country, such as through slide presentations, vocalization, and images. I suggest that the circulation of policy demands an attention not only to specific forms of dissemination but also to the governance strategies and histories that dictate the aesthetic practices and possibilities through which these media come into life, interpellate audiences, and make possible interactive engagements with its content and implementation. This work can help researchers think critically about policy more generally and raise questions about how to study health policy circulation ethnographically.