bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐life data of direct anticoagulant use, bleeding risk and venous thromboembolism recurrence in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients: an observational retrospective study
Authors: Sena Sert , Bulent Mutlu , Derya Kocakaya , Deniz Kaptan , Halil Ataş , Okan Erdogan , Bedrettin Yıldızeli 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionLifelong anticoagulation is the cornerstone of the chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) treatment regardless of the additional pulmonary endarterectomy, balloon pulmonary angioplasty, or medical treatment alone. Aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of oral anticoagulant preferences and document direct oral anticoagulants’ (DOACs’) safety, efficacy in the CTEPH population.MethodsPatients’ demographic data obtained from database between September 2011 and April 2018. In‐hospital events, death, venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence, bleeding events and anticoagulant therapy transition were recorded.ResultsWe reviewed 501 CTEPH patients who observed 9.0 ± 8.5 years. All‐cause death, all bleeding, recurrent VTE was observed in 15.6%, 31% and 12%. Forty‐one patients (8.2%) were diagnosed as inoperable. Of all, 15.2% of operable patients remained as residual. All‐cause mortality rates were 13.8% (57 pts.) in the warfarin group as compared with 9.7% (13 pts.) in rivaroxaban group (HR: 1.61, 95% CI, 0.89–2.99; p: 0.11). Higher bleeding events occurred with warfarin group (27.1%) as compared with rivaroxaban (24.6%; HR: 1.28, 95% CI, 0.86–1.88; p: 0.22). Major bleeding was significantly higher with warfarin group (HR: 1.94, 95% CI, 1.05–3.62; p: 0.03). Subgroup analysis of all‐cause death revealed that this significance dominated by the rate of death according to bleeding events; warfarin versus those seen with rivaroxaban (4.85% vs. 2.2%; HR: 4.75, 95% CI: 1.12–20.16; p = 0.03). The rate of recurrent VTE was found 8.9% in the rivaroxaban group, 10.9% in warfarin group (HR: 1.21, 95% CI, 0.64–2.23; p: 0.55).ConclusionDOACs could be a safe and effective alternative for lifelong anticoagulant therapy in CTEPH patients. Rivaroxaban produced similar rates of thromboembolism and non‐relevant bleeding compared to those associated with warfarin. The main difference was found with major bleeding that it was mainly associated with the death rate according to major bleeding. Using DOACs might be a more reasonable way to prevent bleeding events without increasing thromboembolic risk.
Visibility of the hilar lymph nodes using advanced virtual monoenergetic low-keV images for preoperative evaluation of lung cancer
Authors: Sekiguchi Tomoya , Ozawa Yoshiyuki , Hara Masaki , Nakagawa Motoo , Goto Taeko , Shibamoto Yuta 
Published: August 2019

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the visibility of the hilar lymph nodes (LNs) using advanced virtual monoenergetic low-keV images compared with early-phase contrast-enhanced CT. Methods: Dual energy contrast-enhanced CT was performed for pre-operative evaluation of lung cancer at 20 and 60 s after administration of contrast media in 50 patients (32 males and 18 females; mean age, 69 years). Five kinds of images (A: 20 s/120 kV; B: 60 s/40 keV; C: 60 s/50 keV; D: 60 s/120 kV; E: 60 s/100 kV) were reconstructed. We measured the CT number of the bilateral main pulmonary arteries (PAs), pulmonary veins (PVs) and hilar LNs, and evaluated the differences in CT number (Hounsfield units, HUs) between the PA/PV and LNs (PA–LN and PV–LN contrast). Artifacts from the superior vena cava (SVC) were also evaluated. Results: The mean PA–LN contrast (HU) was 415 in image group A, 299 in B, 180 in C, 80 in D, and 100 in E. The mean PV–LN contrasts in each group were 306, 287, 177, 78, and 99, respectively. Image group B showed the second highest PA–LN contrast following image group A. There was no significant difference in the PV–LN contrast between image groups A and B. The PA–LN and PV–LN contrasts of image groups B and C were significantly higher than those of E. SVC artifacts were lower in the delayed-phase images (Group B–E) than in Group A. Conclusion: To evaluate the hilar LNs with a single image series, advanced virtual monoenergetic 40-keV imaging at the delayed 60-s phase seems to be the most valuable. Advances in knowledge: Advanced virtual monoenergetic image is useful for evaluation of both hilar LNs and tumors in the delayed phase without artifact derived from the streak artifact from dense contrast media in the SVC.
Development and implementation of a dynamically updated big data intelligence platform from electronic health records for nasopharyngeal carcinoma research
Authors: Lin Li , Liang Wei , Li Chao-Feng , Huang Xiao-Dan , Lv Jia-Wei , Peng Hao , Wang Bing-Yi , Zhu Bo-Wei , Sun Ying 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
To develop a big data intelligence platform for secondary use of electronic health records (EHRs) data to facilitate research for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC).

Methods:
This project was launched in 2015 and carried out by the cooperation of an academic cancer centre and a technology company. Patients diagnosed with NPC at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre since January 2008 were included in the platform. Standard data elements were established to defined 981 variables for the platform. For each patient, data from 13 EHRs systems were extracted, integrated, structurized and normalized. Eight functional modules were constructed for the platform to facilitate the investigators to identify eligible patients, establish research projects, conduct statistical analysis, track the follow-up, search literature, etc.

Results:
From January 2008 to December 2018, 54,703 patients diagnosed with NPC were included. Of these patients, 39,058 (71.4%) were male, and 15,645 (28.6%) were female; median age was 47 (interquartile range, 39–55) years. Of 981 variables, 341 were obtained from data structurization and normalization, of which 68 were generated by interacting multiple data sources via well-defined logical rules. The average precision rate, recall rate and F-measure for 341 variables were 0.97 ± 0.024, 0.92 ± 0.030, and 0.94 ± 0.027 respectively. The platform is regularly updated every seven days to include new patients and add new data for existing patients. Up to now, eight big data-driven retrospective studies have been published from the platform.

Conclusion:
Our big data intelligence platform demonstrates the feasibility of integrating EHRs data of routine healthcare, and offers an important perspective on real-world study of NPC. The continued efforts may be focus on data sharing among multiple hospitals and publicly releasing of data files.

Advances in knowledge:
Our big data intelligence platform is the first disease-specific data platform for NPC research. It incorporates comprehensive EHRs data from routine healthcare, which can facilitate real-world study of NPC in risk stratification, decision-making and comorbidities management.
Remaking Winnetou, reconfiguring German fantasies of Indianer and the Wild West in the Post-Reunification Era
Authors: Loock Kathleen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article argues that the 2016 television remake of Winnetou reconfigures German fantasies of Native Americans (Indianer) and the Wild West in the post-reunification era. The remake raises questions about the historically constructed meanings and the appropriateness of Winnetou in Germany today, presenting an occasion to probe processes of German nation building and their continued – and increasingly controversial – reliance on metaphorical meanings of “Indianness”. Taking a cultural studies approach, the article develops a theoretical framework around remaking, generationing, and cultural memory, and examines the remake against the background of Germany’s still ongoing inner reunification and Native American claims to self-representation.
Defining the new speaker: theoretical perspectives and learner trajectories
Authors: Jaffe Alexandra 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article addresses the concept of the new speaker from both a theoretical/definitional perspective and from the standpoint of a situated, ethnographic analysis. The more general and theoretical focus addresses some of the presuppositions and entailments of the new speaker concept, both as an “on-the-ground” concept that gets operationalized by social actors and as an analytical category used by researchers. In particular, it considers how the new speaker concept elucidates criteria in relation to which minority language-speaking communities of practice are conceptualized and enacted. The ethnographic focus, on Corsican adult language classrooms, explores how new-speakerness is invoked implicitly in Corsica, where the term “new speaker” itself is not in circulation, but is a target of language planning strategies. This ethnographic research reveals complex identity and language ideological issues that are raised about the legitimacy, authority and authenticity of Corsican language learners in a sociolinguistic context in which both formal/institutional and informal/social use of the minority language is quite restricted.
Sociolinguistic vitality of Manx after extreme language shift: authenticity without traditional native speakers
Authors: Ó hIfearnáin Tadhg 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article draws on sociolinguistic fieldwork among speakers of one of Europe's smallest indigenous language communities, a speaker group which persists after the loss of all of its “traditional speakers” within living memory. The extreme language shift experienced by Manx has not led to loss of the language as a spoken and literary medium due to the efforts of significant numbers of language activists and enthusiasts over several generations, from before the loss of the traditional language community to the present. Their actions have resulted in significant linguistic institutionalisation and a rapidly expanding number of speakers of various abilities, some of whom form a new “speaker community”. It discusses the constructions of linguistic authenticity and alternative models for the revival speaker, showing how core groups of speakers have been bestowed with authenticity by the wider non-speaker population, for whom linguists' interest in language endangerment and language death are not primary concerns. The article shows how speakers appropriate and are accorded forms of authority and legitimacy in the absence of traditional native speakers.
Neofalantes as an active minority: understanding language practices and motivations for change amongst new speakers of Galician
Authors: O'Rourke Bernadette , Ramallo Fernando 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this article we use Moscovici's (1976) notion of active minorities as a framework to explain the linguistic practices and motivations behind linguistic change amongst new speakers of Galician. Revitalization policies since the 1980s brought about changes in the symbolic and economic value of Galician on the linguistic market. However, this has not been significant enough to change the rules of social mobility and Spanish has continued to be the language of prestige. Despite this, neofalantes ‘new speakers of Galician’ have opted for linguistic change and engage in the process of majority language displacement. We argue that this displacement can at least in part be explained by a move away from functionalist models of language contact and shift and towards an understanding of these processes from a language conflict perspective. This allows us to explain the practices of neofalantes as not simply deviations from the sociolinguistic “status quo” but as reactions to it and as proponents of social change. To explore the behavioural styles and practices of neofalantes as an active minority, we analyse the discourses which emerge from discussion groups involving twelve new speakers of Galician about their sociolinguistic practices.
Evaluating public opinion towards robots: a mixed-method approach
Authors: Operto Stefania 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of some research conducted in Italy on the perception of robots. The study was carried out as part of a project arranged by the School of Robotics (Scuola di Robotica) in 2017/2018 and involved around 700 Italian citizens belonging to different social groups. Data collection used mixed methods: surveys, focus groups, interviews, and participatory workshops. The results were compared with surveys conducted in Europe by the Eurobarometer.
Italy is an interesting context for this type of study for the density of robots, for the growth trends of robotics compared to other countries and for the relationships between industry and the labor market. The results of the research show that the attitudes and expectations of Italians towards robots are complex, multidimensional and contradictory: on the one hand, the interviewees positively value the growing presence of robots, on the other, they show fears about the spread of robotics in society. Robots, especially those designed to interact with humans, are part of a large system influenced by social, cultural and environmental factors in which actors move with different expectations and needs. The presence of a significant degree of differentiation between the responses of the different socio-demographic categories confirms the importance of investigating these issues, in order to reduce the distance that persists between researchers and scientists and the impact of technology on society. Furthermore, robotics is often narrated with myths and legends that have no correspondence in reality; since robots will interact more fully with humans, the human-robot interaction process and the bias integrated into the technology must be carefully studied to avoid the risks of confirmatory bias.
Prediction of toxicity of secondary metabolites
Authors: Hernández-Alvarado Ricardo Bruno , Madariaga-Mazón Abraham , Martinez-Mayorga Karina 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The prediction of toxicological endpoints has gained broad acceptance; it is widely applied in early stages of drug discovery as well as for impurities obtained in the production of generic or equivalent products. In this work, we describe methodologies for the prediction of toxicological endpoints compounds, with a particular focus on secondary metabolites. Case studies include toxicity prediction of natural compound databases with anti-diabetic, anti-malaria and anti-HIV properties.
Conformations and interactions comparison between R- and S-methadone in wild type CYP2B6, 2D6 and 3A4
Authors: Kamal Nik Nur Syazana Bt Nik Mohamed , Lim Theam Soon , Ismail Rusli , Choong Yee Siew 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Methadone is a morphine-substitute drug in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program to treat patients with opioid dependency. However, the methadone clinical effects are depending on the methadone metabolism rates that vary among the patients with genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450s (CYPs). Our previous study showed methadone has different binding affinity due to the polymorphisms in CYP2B6, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 that could contribute to the methadone metabolism rate. In this work, the conformation and interactions of R- and S-methadone in wild type CYP2B6, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 were further studied in order to understand behaviour of R- and S-methadone at the CYP binding site. Clustering analysis showed that the conformation of R- and S-methadone in CYP2B6 are most stable, thus could lead to a higher efficiency of methadone metabolism. The conformation fluctuation of methadone in CYP2D6 could due to relatively smaller binding pocket compared with CYP2B6 and CYP3A4. The binding sites volumes of the studied CYPs were also found to be increased upon the binding with methadone. Therefore, this might contributed to the interactions of both R- and S-methadone in CYPs were mainly by hydrophobic contacts, van der Waals and electrostatic interactions. In the future, should an inhibitor for CYP is to be designed to prolong the prolonged opioid effect, the inhibitor should cater for single CYP isozyme as this study observed the behavioural differences of methadone in CYP isozymes.
Graphical Abstract:
Sic vita est: Visual representation in painting of the conceptual metaphor LIFE IS A JOURNEY
Authors: Poppi Fabio , Kravanja Peter 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article analyzes how the conceptualization LIFE IS A JOURNEY is conveyed within a series of paintings ranging from the fifteenth century to the twentieth century. While the previous research on visual metaphor generally aims to describe how the domains of metaphorical conceptualization interact or discusses the rhetorical effect that visual metaphor is able to induce, this article takes a historical perspective in order to identify the main conceptual aspects shared by the paintings under consideration. It is proposed that the concept of a JOURNEY is associated with a PURPOSIVE ACTIVITY that involves the start of the journey and its termination as two qualitatively different moments that are faced as a collective/shared experience and that are inspired by some human wish. This article also shows how the conceptual potential of metaphor tends to maintain a coherent representation although the paintings represent different historical sensitivities and artistic approaches.
A Comparison of Half and Quarter Space Penetration into Granular Media
Authors: Guzman Ivan L. , Iskander Magued , Bless Stephan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this study, two experimental techniques are compared for the purpose of visualizing projectile penetration at speeds ranging between 60 and 150 m/s into granular media. The two techniques are half space penetration into a transparent synthetic soil surrogate and quarter space penetration of an opaque natural sand and transparent soil surrogate against an observation window. In both techniques a pneumatic projectile accelerator was employed to launch the projectiles, and high-speed imagery was employed to visualize the penetration events unintrusively. Transparency in transparent targets was achieved by saturating angular fused quartz with a refractive index matched pore fluid made of sucrose. Comparison of both techniques suggests that their results are complimentary. In particular, the terminal depth of penetration is not significantly inhibited by shooting in quarter space. Additionally, both techniques permitted visualizing distinct dilation zones ahead and around penetration. Each technique offers a number of distinct advantages. In particular, half space penetration reduces the possibility of projectile diversion and is much safer, whereas quarter space penetration allows for visualizing penetration into opaque targets at a finer scale than that achieved in half space penetration.
Predicting Longitudinal Traits Derived from High-Throughput Phenomics in Contrasting Environments Using Genomic Legendre Polynomials and B-Splines
Authors: Momen Mehdi , Campbell Malachy T , Walia Harkamal , Morota Gota 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Recent advancements in phenomics coupled with increased output from sequencing technologies can create the platform needed to rapidly increase abiotic stress tolerance of crops, which increasingly face productivity challenges due to climate change. In particular, high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) enables researchers to generate large-scale data with temporal resolution. Recently, a random regression model (RRM) was used to model a longitudinal rice projected shoot area (PSA) dataset in an optimal growth environment. However, the utility of RRM is still unknown for phenotypic trajectories obtained from stress environments. Here, we sought to apply RRM to forecast the rice PSA in control and water-limited conditions under various longitudinal cross-validation scenarios. To this end, genomic Legendre polynomials and B-spline basis functions were used to capture PSA trajectories. Prediction accuracy declined slightly for the water-limited plants compared to control plants. Overall, RRM delivered reasonable prediction performance and yielded better prediction than the baseline multi-trait model. The difference between the results obtained using Legendre polynomials and that using B-splines was small; however, the former yielded a higher prediction accuracy. Prediction accuracy for forecasting the last five time points was highest when the entire trajectory from earlier growth stages was used to train the basis functions. Our results suggested that it was possible to decrease phenotyping frequency by only phenotyping every other day in order to reduce costs while minimizing the loss of prediction accuracy. This is the first study showing that RRM could be used to model changes in growth over time under abiotic stress conditions.
Utilization of Tissue Ploidy Level Variation in de Novo Transcriptome Assembly of Pinus sylvestris
Authors: Ojeda Dario I , Mattila Tiina M , Ruttink Tom , Kujala Sonja T , Kärkkäinen Katri , Verta Jukka-Pekka , Pyhäjärvi Tanja 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Compared to angiosperms, gymnosperms lag behind in the availability of assembled and annotated genomes. Most genomic analyses in gymnosperms, especially conifer tree species, rely on the use of de novo assembled transcriptomes. However, the level of allelic redundancy and transcript fragmentation in these assembled transcriptomes, and their effect on downstream applications have not been fully investigated. Here, we assessed three assembly strategies for short-reads data, including the utility of haploid megagametophyte tissue during de novo assembly as single-allele guides, for six individuals and five different tissues in Pinus sylvestris. We then contrasted haploid and diploid tissue genotype calls obtained from the assembled transcriptomes to evaluate the extent of paralog mapping. The use of the haploid tissue during assembly increased its completeness without reducing the number of assembled transcripts. Our results suggest that current strategies that rely on available genomic resources as guidance to minimize allelic redundancy are less effective than the application of strategies that cluster redundant assembled transcripts. The strategy yielding the lowest levels of allelic redundancy among the assembled transcriptomes assessed here was the generation of SuperTranscripts with Lace followed by CD-HIT clustering. However, we still observed some levels of heterozygosity (multiple gene fragments per transcript reflecting allelic redundancy) in this assembled transcriptome on the haploid tissue, indicating that further filtering is required before using these assemblies for downstream applications. We discuss the influence of allelic redundancy when these reference transcriptomes are used to select regions for probe design of exome capture baits and for estimation of population genetic diversity.
The ‘Late Avar reform’ and the ‘long eighth century’: A tale of the hesitation between structural transformation and the persistent nomadic traditions (7th to 9th century AD)
Authors: Szenthe Gergely 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch on late antique and early medieval economic and social processes during the past three decades called for, and enabled, a fresh look at the history of the ‘Late Avar period’ of the Carpathian Basin, corresponding exactly to the ‘long eighth century’ of the Mediterranean and European world. This paper offers a rather sketchy new model, alongside raising questions and framing a research programme focusing on social and economic historical processes. Therefore, using the archaeological evidence as a solid foundation, I have proposed a set of research hypotheses as starting points for regional and micro-regional studies.