bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for life course research through the integration of data across Clinical and Translational Research Institutes
Authors: Hanson Heidi A. , Hay William W. , Tobin Jonathan N. , Barkin Shari L. , Atkins Mark , Karagas Margaret R. , Dozier Ann M. , Wetmore Cynthia , Konstan Michael W. , Heubi James E. 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionEarly life exposures affect health and disease across the life course and potentially across multiple generations. The Clinical and Translational Research Institutes (CTSIs) offer an opportunity to utilize and link existing databases to conduct lifespan research.MethodsA survey with Lifespan Domain Taskforce expert input was created and distributed to lead lifespan researchers at each of the 64 CTSIs. The survey requested information regarding institutional databases related to early life exposure, child-maternal health, or lifespan research.ResultsOf 64 CTSI, 88% provided information on a total of 130 databases. Approximately 59% (n=76/130) had an associated biorepository. Longitudinal data were available for 72% (n=93/130) of reported databases. Many of the biorepositories (n=44/76; 68%) have standard operating procedures that can be shared with other researchers.ConclusionsThe majority of CTSI databases and biorepositories focusing on child-maternal health and lifespan research could be leveraged for lifespan research, increased generalizability and enhanced multi-institutional research in the United States.
Paleodietary Patterns of the Cherepakha 13 Site Population (Early Iron Age) in Primorye (Maritime) Province, Russian Far East, based on Stable Isotope Analysis
Authors: Kuzmin Yaroslav V , Panov Vsevolod S , Gasilin Viacheslav V , Batarshev Sergei V 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTNew paleodietary data were obtained after the discovery and excavation in 2015–2017 of the Cherepakha 13 site in the southern part of Primorye (Maritime) Province in far eastern Russia. The site is located near the coast of Ussuri Bay (Sea of Japan) and belongs to the Yankovsky cultural complex of the Early Iron Age 14C-dated to ca. 3000 BP (ca. 1200 cal BC). The stable isotope composition of the bone collagen for 11 humans and 30 animals was determined. For humans, the following values (with±1 sigma) were yielded: δ13C=–10.2±0.8‰; and δ15N=+12.4±0.3‰. The majority of terrestrial animals show the usual isotopic signals: δ13C=–19.4 ÷ –23.3‰; and δ15N=+4.6÷+6.6‰ (for wolves, up to +10.1‰); dogs, however, have an isotopic composition similar to humans: δ13C= –11.7±1.2‰; and δ15N=+12.4±0.4‰. Marine mammals have common values for pinnipeds: δ13C=–13.7 ÷ –14.6‰; and δ15N=+17.4 ÷ +18.0‰. The main food resources for the population of Cherepakha 13 site were (1) marine mollusks, fish, and mammals; and (2) terrestrial mammals; and possibly C4 plants (domesticated millets).
Comparison of the parasite community of two notothens,Notothenia rossiiandN. coriiceps(Pisces: Nototheniidae), from King George Island, Antarctica
Authors: Muñoz G. , Rebolledo M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, we analysed and compared the whole parasite community from the fishNotothenia rossiiandNotothenia coriicepscollected from Fildes Bay at King George Island, Antarctica, during January–February 2017 in a field campaign supported by the Chilean Antarctic Institute. The fish samples collected were 45 specimens ofN. rossiiand 22 ofN. coriiceps, with total lengths averaging 29.7 ± 5.3 cm and 32.5 ± 3.2 cm, respectively. Fish were dissected to collect their internal and external parasites. All the fish were parasitized; 13 taxa were found inN. rossiiand 12 taxa inN. coriiceps. Acanthocephalans, mainlyMetacanthocephalus johnstoniandAspersentis megarhynchus, were the most abundant and prevalent parasites in both fish species. The abundance and richness of the parasite infracommunity increased with the host body length only inN. rossii. Twelve parasitic taxa were shared by both notothen species. Abundance and prevalence of parasitic taxa, as well as the average richness and abundance of the parasite infracommunities were mostly similar between the two fish species. Parasite compositions ofN. coriicepsreported in published studies from King George Island were relatively comparable to our sample. We concluded that the two congeneric and sympatric fish species had highly similar parasite communities, which indicates that they use resources in a similar way, thus allowing them to become parasitized with the same parasitic species and in the same abundances. All parasites recorded in this study have been found in several other fish species; therefore, parasites from notothens are considered to be generalists.
Meristic, morphometric and biological characteristics of the common moray eel (Muraena helena) in northern Tunisia
Authors: Sallami Balkis , Ben Ibrahim Aymen , Ben Salem Mohamed , Chakroun-Marzouk Nadia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough common in the Mediterranean, the morphological and biological characteristics of the moray eel Muraena helena are largely unknown. This study, based on 310 specimens caught using a longline at a depth of 50–100 m, addresses this knowledge gap for northern Tunisia, which is a stronghold of the species. There were significantly more males than females, with a sex ratio of 1:1.5. The number of vertebrae between individuals were variable, especially abdominal and caudal vertebrae (range 56–72; 70–84, respectively). Overall, the total number of vertebrae was less variable (138–146 ± 3.6 SE) and similar between males and females. The length-length relationship recorded for M. helena is provided for the first time, with the pre-anal length (paL), pre-dorsal length (pdL) and the head length (hL) growing faster than the total length (TL). According to the weight-length relationship (WLR), positive allometric growth was established for males (b = 3.6), females (b = 3.46) and combined sexes (b = 3.54). The relative condition factor (CF) did not show significant differences between seasons. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) indicated a significant difference between the seasons for females, whilst the hepatosomatic index (HSI) highlighted a significant difference between seasons for both males and females.
Understanding older worker precarity: the intersecting domains of jobs, households and the welfare state
Authors: Lain David , Airey Laura , Loretto Wendy , Vickerstaff Sarah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn policy debates it is commonly claimed that older workers are entering a period of choice and control. In contrast, Guy Standing's book The Precariat: The Dangerous New Class, published in 2011, argues that older people are increasingly joining the ‘precariat’, by taking low-level jobs to supplement dwindling pension incomes. We argue that many older workers, not just those in ‘precarious jobs’, feel a sense of ‘ontological precarity’. Pressures to work longer, combined with limited alternative employment prospects and inadequate retirement incomes, give rise to a heightened sense of precarity. We develop a new theoretical model for understanding precarity as a lived experience, which is influenced by the intersection between precarious jobs, precarious welfare states and precarious households. This model is then illustrated using qualitative research from two organisations in the United Kingdom: ‘Local Government’ and ‘Hospitality’. In both organisations, older workers experienced a sense of ontological precarity because they worried about the long-term sustainability of their jobs and saw limited alternative sources of retirement income. Household circumstances either reinforced interviewees’ sense of precarity, or acted as a buffer against it. This was particularly important for women, as they typically accrued smaller financial resources in their own right. Our concluding discussion builds on this more advanced theoretical understanding of older worker precarity to call for a rethinking of state and employer support for decisions around later-life working and retirement.
Wellness programme at the workplace promotes dietary change and improves health indicators in a longitudinal retrospective study
Authors: Soliman Ghada A , Kim Jungyoon , Lee Jung-Min , High Robin , Hortman Sarah , Kim Youngdeok , Wehbi Nizar K , Canedy James 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of a workplace wellness programme intervention in improving participants’ behaviour towards choosing a healthy diet and the correlation with health indicators.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingWellness programme in the Midwest, USA.SubjectsEmployees (n 12 636) who participated in a wellness programme for three consecutive years during years 2004 to 2013 and who completed web-based health risk questionnaires. The wellness programme included annual health screening, laboratory measures, health risk questionnaire and personalized health-care programme. Participants’ food group intakes, BMI and health indicators were compared between the first and last year of participation. McNemar’s non-parametric test was used for paired nominal data. Pearson correlations were computed for paired food and health indicator measurements. Correlations between dietary intake and BMI, cholesterol and TAG were computed using Pearson correlations and McNemar’s test.ResultsThere were negative correlations between intakes of fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy, healthy eating pattern and health outcome indicators such as BMI and TAG levels. Additionally, the percentage of employees who increased their consumption of fruits (16·88 v. 12·08 %, P<0·001), vegetables (15·20 v. 11·44 %, P<0·001) and dark green leafy vegetables (12·03 v. 7·27 %, P 0·001) was significantly higher than the percentage of participants who decreased their intake of these food groups during the third-year follow-up.ConclusionsThe wellness programme improved some health indicator parameters and had a positive impact on increasing participants’ intakes of fruits, vegetables and whole grains at the third year of follow-up.
A compact, dual wide-band circularly polarized, modified square ring slot antenna for C and Ku band applications
Authors: Patil Shilpee , Singh Anil Kumar , Kanaujia Binod Kumar , Yadava R. L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a compact microstrip antenna using FR-4 substrate for dual band circularly polarized operation using a modified square ring slot in the ground plane with microstrip line feed. Simulation of the impedance characteristic and radiation characteristic for the proposed antenna is carried out using commercially available HFSS software. The simulated data validate measured results and shows good agreement. Proposed antenna shows an impedance bandwidth (return loss >10 dB) of 50.88% at 5.9 GHz of center frequency and 29.92% at 12.8 GHz of center frequency for lower and upper band, respectively. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth for lower and upper band is 26.4 and 3.0%, respectively and measured peak gain for the lower and upper band is found as 3.2 and 3.4 dBic, respectively. The proposed antenna can be suitable for wireless communication in C and Ku bands.
Seismic Evidence for Plume‐ and Craton‐Influenced Upper Mantle Structure Beneath the Northern Malawi Rift and the Rungwe Volcanic Province, East Africa
Authors: Grijalva Ashley , Nyblade Andrew A. , Homman Kyle , Accardo Natalie J. , Gaherty James B. , Ebinger Cynthia J. , Shillington Donna J. , Chindandali Patrick R. N. , Mbogoni Gabriel , Ferdinand Richard Wambura , Mulibo Gabriel , O'Donnell J. P. , Kachingwe Marsella , Tepp Gabrielle 
Published: September 2018

AbstractP and S wave tomographic models have been developed for the northern Malawi rift and adjacent Rungwe Volcanic Province (RVP) using data from the Study of Extension and maGmatism in Malawi aNd Tanzania project and data from previous networks in the study area. The main features of the models are a low‐velocity zone (LVZ) with δVp = ~−1.5–2.0% and δVs = ~−2–3% centered beneath the RVP, a lower‐amplitude LVZ (δVp = ~−1.0–1.3% and δVs = ~−0.7–1%) to the southeast of the RVP beneath the center and northeastern side of the northern Malawi rift, a shift of the lower‐amplitude anomaly at ~−10° to −11° to the west beneath the central basin and to the western side of the rift, and a fast anomaly at all depths beneath the Bangweulu Craton. The LVZ widens further at depths >~150–200 km and extends to the north beneath northwestern Malawi, wrapping around the fast anomaly beneath the craton. We attribute the LVZ beneath the RVP and the northern Malawi rift to the flow of warm, superplume mantle from the southwest, upwelling beneath and around the Bangweulu Craton lithosphere, consistent with high 3He/4He values from the RVP. The LVZ under the RVP and northern Malawi rift strongly indicates that the rifted lithosphere has been thermally perturbed. Given that volcanism in the RVP began about 10 million years earlier than the rift faulting, thermal and/or magmatic weakening of the lithosphere may have begun prior to the onset of rifting.
Electron Acceleration to MeV Energies at Jupiter and Saturn
Authors: Kollmann P. , Roussos E. , Paranicas C. , Woodfield E. E. , Mauk B. H. , Clark G. , Smith D. C. , Vandegriff J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe radiation belts and magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn show significant intensities of relativistic electrons with energies up to tens of megaelectronvolts (MeV). To date, the question on how the electrons reach such high energies is not fully answered. This is largely due to the lack of high‐quality electron spectra in the MeV energy range that models could be fit to. We reprocess data throughout the Galileo orbiter mission in order to derive Jupiter's electron spectra up to tens of MeV. In the case of Saturn, the spectra from the Cassini orbiter are readily available and we provide a systematic analysis aiming to study their acceleration mechanisms. Our analysis focuses on the magnetospheres of these planets, at distances of L > 20 and L > 4 for Jupiter and Saturn, respectively, where electron intensities are not yet at radiation belt levels. We find no support that MeV electrons are dominantly accelerated by wave‐particle interactions in the magnetospheres of both planets at these distances. Instead, electron acceleration is consistent with adiabatic transport. While this is a common assumption, confirmation of this fact is important since many studies on sources, losses, and transport of energetic particles rely on it. Adiabatic heating can be driven through various radial transport mechanisms, for example, injections driven by the interchange instability or radial diffusion. We cannot distinguish these processes at Saturn with our technique. For Jupiter, we suggest that the dominating acceleration process is radial diffusion because injections are never observed at MeV energies.
VLBI Studies of DAGN and SMBHB Hosting Galaxies
Authors: An T. , Mohan P. , Frey S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDual active galactic nuclei and supermassive black hole binaries at kiloparsec and parsec‐scale separations, respectively, are expected during stages of galaxy merger and evolution. Their observational identification can address a range of areas of current astrophysics frontiers including the final parsec problem and their contribution toward the emission of low‐frequency gravitational waves. This has however been difficult to achieve with current spectroscopy and time domain strategies. Very long baseline interferometry as a method of directly imaging radio structures with milli‐arcsecond and submilli‐arcsecond resolutions is introduced as a possible means of detecting dual active galactic nuclei and supermassive black hole binaries. We motivate its usage with expected observational signatures and cite some studies from literature to illustrate its current status and present an updated list of candidates imaged with high‐resolution radio observations. We then recall some shortcomings of the method with possible solutions and discuss future directions, relevant to large surveys with the upcoming Square Kilometer Array and future space very long baseline interferometry missions.
Real‐Time SWMF at CCMC: Assessing the Dst Output From Continuous Operational Simulations
Authors: Liemohn Mike , Ganushkina Natalia Yu. , De Zeeuw Darren L. , Rastaetter Lutz , Kuznetsova Maria , Welling Daniel T. , Toth Gabor , Ilie Raluca , Gombosi Tamas I. , van der Holst Bart 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe ground‐based magnetometer index of Dst is a commonly used measure of near‐Earth current systems, in particular the storm time inner magnetospheric current systems. The ability of a large‐scale, physics‐based model to reproduce, or even predict, this index is therefore a tangible measure of the overall validity of the code for space weather research and space weather operational usage. Experimental real‐time simulations of the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) are conducted at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC). Presently, two configurations of the SWMF are running in real time at CCMC, both focusing on the geospace modules, using the Block Adaptive Tree Solar wind‐type Roe Upwind Solver magnetohydrodynamic model, the Ridley Ionosphere Model, and with and without the Rice Convection Model. While both have been running for several years, nearly continuous results are available since April 2015. A 27‐month interval through July 2017 is used for a quantitative assessment of Dst from the model output compared against the Kyoto real‐time Dst. Quantitative measures are presented to assess the goodness of fit including contingency tables and a receiver operating characteristic curve. It is shown that the SWMF run with the inner magnetosphere model is much better at reproducing storm time values, with a correlation coefficient of 0.69, a prediction efficiency of 0.41, and Heidke skill score of 0.57 (for a −50‐nT threshold). A comparison of real‐time runs with and without the inner magnetospheric drift physics model reveals that nearly all of the storm time Dst signature is from current systems related to kinetic processes on closed magnetic field lines.
Very‐large‐scale integration implementation of the integral pulse frequency modulation model for spectral estimation of heart rate variability
Authors: Chen Y.‐H. , Chen S.‐W. , Juan Y. 
Published: September 2018

Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to assess autonomic control activities. Among the HRV analysis methods, the integral pulse frequency modulation (IPFM) model demonstrates the functional mechanism for the cardiac pacemaker that can explain the generation of heartbeats. In this study, the IPFM model was implemented into a low‐cost very‐large‐scale integration (VLSI) chip, and the active spectrum of HRV was then estimated by solving for the nerve‐modulation signal in the model based on the compressed sensing (CS) method. The proposed IPFM chip utilised a time‐sharing scheme for hardware resource sharing, a look‐up table to calculate the sine and cosine operations, and multiplexers to control the data flow. Furthermore, based on the hardware resource sharing scheme, the proposed chip achieved a low‐cost and high‐speed design. Implemented with TSMC 90 nm CMOS technology, the proposed IPFM core had an operation frequency of 62.5 MHz with only 9.8 K gate counts. The spectrum of HRV could be effectively estimated through the VLSI implementation of IPFM based on CS.
PV‐fed DVR for simultaneous real power injection and sag/swell mitigation in a wind farm
Authors: Priyavarthini Subramaniyan , Kathiresan Aravind Chellachi , Nagamani Chilakapati , Ganesan Saravana Ilango 
Published: September 2018

Generally, a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) installed in a grid‐connected wind farm, is utilised for mitigating sag/swell in grid voltage and hence stays idle under nominal grid voltage. To enhance the utility of such a DVR, this study proposes to install a solar photovoltaic (PV) plant in the DVR, so that in addition to addressing sag/swell in grid voltage, energy can be harvested and injected into the grid from the PV plant using the same DVR. Various modes of operations of the proposed PV‐assisted DVR (PVDVR) are described, underlining the logically set priorities. Comprehensive mathematical and graphical analyses are developed to explore the boundaries of the operating region of each mode of PVDVR considering fluctuations in grid voltage and available PV power. Investigations are carried out in a 50 MW wind farm and a 0.75 kW laboratory induction machine (both grid connected) each with a suitable DVR. Results of simulations in power systems computer‐aided design/electro‐magnetic transient design and control and laboratory tests demonstrate improved utilisation of DVR when fed from PV plant.
Ultrahigh-resolution model of a breakout CME embedded in the solar wind
Authors: Hosteaux S. , Chané E. , Decraemer B. , Talpeanu D.-C. , Poedts S. 
Published: October 2018

Aims. We investigate the effect of a background solar wind on breakout coronal mass ejections, in particular, the effect on the different current sheets and the flux rope formation process.
Methods. We obtained numerical simulation results by solving the magnetohydrodynamics equations on a 2.5D (axisymmetric) stretched grid. Ultrahigh spatial resolution is obtained by applying a solution adaptive mesh refinement scheme by increasing the grid resolution in regions of high electrical current, that is, by focussing on the maximum resolution of the current sheets that are forming. All simulations were performed using the same initial base grid and numerical schemes; we only varied the refinement level.
Results. A background wind that causes a surrounding helmet streamer has been proven to have a substantial effect on the current sheets that are forming and thus on the dynamics and topology of the breakout release process. Two distinct ejections occur: first, the top of the helmet streamer detaches, and then the central arcade is pinched off behind the top of the helmet streamer. This is different from the breakout scenario that does not take the solar wind into account, where only the central arcade is involved in the eruption. In the new ultrahigh-resolution simulations, small-scale structures are formed in the lateral current sheets, which later merge with the helmet streamer or reconnect with the solar surface. We find that magnetic reconnections that occur at the lateral breakout current sheets deliver the major kinetic energy contribution to the eruption and not the reconnection at the so-called flare current sheet, as was seen in the case without background solar wind.