bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Differences for Male-to-Female Transgender Patients Undergoing Gender-Affirming Surgery
Authors: Zavlin Dmitry , Wassersug Richard J. , Chegireddy Vishwanath , Schaff Jürgen , Papadopulos Nikolaos A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
It has been theorized that there are 2 subgroups within the male-to-female (MtF) transgender population: individuals who are predominantly androphilic and those who are predominantly gynephylic or interested in both male and female partners.

Aim
To explore the role of a dichotomous distribution of age at dysphoria onset in individuals diagnosed with MtF gender dysphoria.

Methods
40 patients who presented to a surgical clinic in Germany for gender-affirming surgery (GAS) were included in this study. Their age distribution was plotted as a histogram and the population was then divided at the median self-reported age of onset of gender dysphoria—that is, those 17 years and younger and those 18 years and older. The 2 groups were then compared with regard to demographic data, partnership history, various quality of life parameters, as well as sexual orientation and sexual history.

Main Outcome Measure
Self-designed questionnaires for demographics and sexuality, Questions on Life Satisfaction and Body Image (FLZM), Freiburg Personality Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire were used.

Results
Early-onset, gender-dysphoric MtF patients underwent GAS at a much younger age (mean 32.7 vs 43.8 years, P = .004), but had similar characteristics regarding weight, height, body mass index, marital status, and living situation to individuals who reported later onset of gender dysphoria. Preoperatively, they showed greater depressive symptoms (4.6 vs 3.3 points, P = .045), which disappeared after GAS. Following surgery, the younger MtFs were predominantly attracted to men (52.6%), whereas individuals who were diagnosed with late-onset of gender dysphoria preferred women or both men and women (85.7%) as sexual partners (P = .010). Younger trans individuals were more frequently sexually active (73.7% vs 42.9%, P = .049).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that there are 2 MtF populations that differ in age of dysphoria onset, sexual history, and multiple personal details including sexual orientation. These data may be used to improve care to transgender individuals by providing treatment reflecting their sexual interests.
Religion and Constitutional Practices in Indonesia: How Far Should the State Intervene in the Administration of Islam?
Authors: ALFITRI  
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the extent of state intervention in the administration of Islam in Indonesia. The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia does not explicitly recognize or privilege any particular religion. Yet, the boundaries of religion-state relations in the country are often unclear and complex, especially in light of policies and laws that regulate religious life and appear to privilege the dominant religion and its adherents. In this article, I demonstrate the ways in which the state has increasingly interfered in the administration of Islam in Indonesia by focusing on two case studies: the management of Hajj and zakat. However, it is observed that the vague constitutional arrangements on religion in Indonesia provide avenues for interpretations (especially by the Ministry of Religious Affairs) that the state has a constitutional obligation to interfere in the administration of religion and implement religious doctrines; and in the case of Islam, to ‘bureaucratize’ the shariah. This further complicates the exercise of distinguishing between religious doctrines that require state intervention for implementation and those that do not.
Effects of xylanase on the fermentation profile and chemical composition of sugarcane silage
Authors: Del Valle T. A. , Antonio G. , Zenatti T. F. , Campana M. , Zilio E. M. C. , Ghizzi L. G. , Gandra J. R. , Osório J. A. C. , de Morais J. P. G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe current study aims to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of xylanase enzyme (XYL) on sugarcane silage fermentation, fermentative losses, chemical composition, dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradation and aerobic stability. A completely randomized design trial was performed with five treatments and 50 experimental silos. Treatments were: 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg of XYL per kg of DM. XYL contained 10 000 U/g. There was a quadratic effect of XYL on silage pH and acetic acid concentration: lower pH and higher acetic acid concentrations were found at intermediary levels of the enzyme. XYL decreased lactic acid concentration linearly. Furthermore, the enzyme had a quadratic effect on effluent and total losses, with higher losses at intermediary XYL levels. There was a quadratic effect of XYL on organic matter (OM), non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC) and crude protein (CP) content. In addition, a quadratic effect of XYL was observed on NDF content and degradation. Intermediary levels of XYL showed higher concentration of OM and NFC. The addition of XYL had no effect on silage temperature and pH after aerobic exposure. Thus, intermediate levels of XYL increased acetic acid and decreased silage pH. Besides positive effects on silage composition, intermediary XYL levels decreased NDF degradation.
Segregated vowels: Language variation and dialect features among Gothenburg youth
Authors: Gross Johan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of housing segregation on variation in the vowel systems of young speakers of Swedish who have grown up in different neighborhoods of Gothenburg. Significant differences are found for variants of the variables /i:/ and /y:/, which are strongly associated with the local dialect; these two vowels also exhibit coherence. Another vowel pair, /ε:/ and /ø:/, are involved in a coherent leveling process affecting many of the central Swedish dialects but differing in degree of openness in different neighborhoods of Gothenburg. The results show that the variation is not simply a reflection of foreign background, nor of groups of youth adopting single variants; rather, a number of social factors conflate in housing segregation, which interferes with the transmission of more abstract aspects of the local dialect's vowel system to young speakers in certain neighborhoods.
Molecular characterization and identification of new sources of tolerance to submergence and salinity from rice landraces of coastal India
Authors: Samal R. , Roy P. S. , Kar M. K. , Patra B. C. , Patnaik S. S. C. , Reddy J. N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTrait-specific characterization of rice landraces has significant potential for germplasm management, varietal identification and mining of novel gene/allele for various traits. In the current study, we have characterized 98 unique rice landraces collected from coastal regions of India, affected by submergence and salinity, based onSub1andSaltolquantitative trait loci (QTL) linked microsatellite markers. Among these genotypes, four genotypes (IC536558, IC536559, IC536604 and IC536604-1) collected from Kerala and two genotypes (AC34902 and IC324589) collected from West Bengal were identified with tolerance to submergence and salinity stress. A high level of genetic diversity ofHe= 0.349 and 0.529 atSub1andSaltolQTL region was detected by QTL-linked microsatellite markers, respectively. AtSub1region one genotype, AC34902, was detected with maximum allelic similarity with FR13A, a known submergence tolerant variety. Besides, five genotypes (IC211188-1, IC536604-1, IC536604, IC536558 and IC536559) showed comparatively close genetic relationship with the salt tolerant variety FL478 forSaltolQTL and were clustered together in the neighbour joining dendrogram. Considering the haplotype structure, five genotypes (IC203801, IC203778, IC324584, IC413608 and IC413638) were identified which did not contain any common allele similar to FR13A but were still tolerant to submergence. These individuals need further characterization for identification of new alleles responsible for their tolerance.
Anin situapproach to the conservation of temperate cereal crop wild relatives in the Mediterranean Basin and Asian centre of diversity
Authors: Phillips Jade , Whitehouse Katherine , Maxted Nigel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCereal crops are one of the most widely consumed and most valuable crops for humankind. The species have been domesticated for over 10,000 years and as such have lost much of the genetic diversity that is present within their wild relatives. Future breeding efforts will require the use of genetic diversity from crop wild relatives (CWRs) to help improve our cereal crops. This study aims to identify anin situconservation network within the Mediterranean Basin and west Asia for the four cereal crops, barley (HordeumL.), oat (AvenaL.), rye (SecaleL.) and wheat (AegilopsL.,AmblyopyrumL.,TriticumL.). This region is a centre of diversity for these taxa and an area of potentially high genetic diversity, which if left unprotected will not be available for plant breeders to utilize in the future. Presence point data for a total of 90 taxa were collected from GBIF and resulted in 76,343 individual presence points across the 44 countries in the study region. Geographic Information System (GIS) software was used to identify potentialin situreserve networks per crop genepool and for all crops combined. Results indicate a network of 10 locations across the region which would protect over 80% of the taxa. The number one priority reserve is found within the Fertile Crescent region on the border of Israel, Syria and Jordan. This proposed reserve location contains 93 currently protected areas (i.e. National Parks) and as such, it may only be necessary to alter management plans to effectively protect CWR populations. For taxa not found within protected areasex situconservation may be more appropriate and should be implemented as a backup to thein situreserve network.
Agricultural supply management and farm policy
Authors: Schaffer Harwood D. , Ray Daryll E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor most economic goods market participants are ‘not forced to make a deal.’ They can walk away, perhaps permanently, or revisit a transaction later if the terms of trade are more to their liking. That is not the case for food. It is a biological necessity to participate in the food market. This coercive property of food demand and other unique market characteristics make the agricultural sector very unresponsive to changes in price and hence—in contrast to textbook expectations—its ability to quickly self-correct. In recent decades agricultural policy legislation has not taken into account the root causes of agriculture's chronic price and income problems. As a result, it has been largely ineffective and unnecessarily expensive. We argue in this paper that a well-designed supply management program can take agriculture's unique characteristics into account in a way that benefits farmers, consumers and the public as a whole.
Cultural adaptations of CBT for the British Jewish Orthodox community
Authors: Kada Raphael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is a national drive to increase access to psychological therapies across England, with a specific focus on under-represented groups such as Black, Asian Minority and Ethnic (BAME) groups. Although prevalence rates for common mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety in Orthodox British Jews are less than those of the generic population in the United Kingdom, accessing services to help treat these conditions within this group are considerably less than other groups. This paper seeks to consider reasons for this, as well as what adaptations, both from a therapist and service perspective, can be made to increase access within the Orthodox Jewish community with lessons to be made to other BAME groups.
Military cultural competence in the context of cognitive behavioural therapy
Authors: Zwiebach Liza , Lannert Brittany K. , Sherrill Andrew M. , McSweeney Lauren B. , Sprang Kelsey , Goodnight Jessica R.M. , Lewis Shaun C. , Rauch Sheila A.M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCurrent work in multicultural competency has emphasized factors such as race and ethnicity, age, disability status, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation and gender. For those clinicians who work with military and veteran populations, grounding in military cultural competence is also critical as a prerequisite for providing quality care. We believe that engaging these populations from a specifically cognitive behavioural orientation allows bridging of cultural gaps and that there is a natural alignment between cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and many aspects of warrior culture. This paper outlines several factors related to the values of military culture and strategies of the CBT therapist to better understand and use these values effectively in clinical practice, including lessons learned from an intensive outpatient program providing speciality care to veterans and military service members.
Understanding Black and Minority Ethnic service user's experience of racism as part of the assessment, formulation and treatment of mental health problems in cognitive behaviour therapy
Authors: Beck Andrew 
Published: January 2019

AbstractExperiences of racism can be a cumulative risk factor for developing mental health problems. Cognitive Behaviour Therapists working with Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) service users should be confident in their ability to establish the necessary rapport to ask about these experiences and be able to incorporate this information into longitudinal formulations and as part of maintenance cycles. This paper sets out guidelines as to how to do this as part of a wider engagement process.
EVERYONE KNOWS THAT SOMEONE KNOWS: QUANTIFIERS OVER EPISTEMIC AGENTS
Authors: NAUMOV PAVEL , TAO JIA 
Published: January 2019

AbstractModal logic S5 is commonly viewed as an epistemic logic that captures the most basic properties of knowledge. Kripke proved a completeness theorem for the first-order modal logic S5 with respect to a possible worlds semantics. A multiagent version of the propositional S5 as well as a version of the propositional S5 that describes properties of distributed knowledge in multiagent systems has also been previously studied. This article proposes a version of S5-like epistemic logic of distributed knowledge with quantifiers ranging over the set of agents, and proves its soundness and completeness with respect to a Kripke semantics.
Oxygen Variability Controls Denitrification in the Bay of Bengal Oxygen Minimum Zone
Authors: Johnson Kenneth S. , Riser Stephen C. , Ravichandran M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNitrate limits productivity in much of the ocean. Nitrate residence time is a few thousand years, and changes in nitrate loss could influence ocean productivity. Major sinks for nitrate are denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). The Bay of Bengal OMZ is anomalous because large amounts of nitrate loss do not occur there, while nitrate is removed in the nearby OMZ of the Arabian Sea. Observations of nitrate and oxygen made over 5 years by 20 profiling floats equipped with chemical sensors in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea are used to understand why nitrate is removed rapidly in the Arabian Sea but not in the Bay of Bengal. Our results confirm that nitrate is poised for removal in the Bay of Bengal. However, highly variable oxygen concentrations inhibit its loss. Nitrate loss is regulated by physical oceanographic processes that introduce oxygen.
Surface Expression of Basal and Englacial Features, Properties, and Processes of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Cooper M. A. , Jordan T. M. , Siegert M. J. , Bamber J. L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRadar‐sounding surveys measuring ice thickness in Greenland have enabled an increasingly “complete” knowledge of basal topography and glaciological processes. Where such observations are spatially limited, bed elevation has been interpolated through mass conservation or kriging. Ordinary kriging fails to resolve anisotropy in bed geometry, however, leaving complex topography misrepresented in elevation models of the ice sheet bed. Here, we demonstrate the potential of new high‐resolution (≤5 m) surface topography data (ArcticDEM) to provide enhanced insight into basal and englacial geometry and processes. Notable surface features, quantified via residual surface elevation, are observed coincident with documented subglacial channels, and new, smaller‐scale tributaries (<2,000 m in width) and valley‐like structures are clearly identified. Residual surface elevation also allows the extent of basal ice units to be mapped, which in conjunction with radar data indicate that they act as “false bottoms,” likely due to a rheological contrast in the ice column.
An Enhanced Framework to Quantify the Shape of Impulse Waves Using Asymmetry
Authors: Bullard G. K. , Mulligan R. P. , Take W. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe shape of a wave generated by a landslide, snow avalanche, or fluid flow greatly influences its size and speed as it propagates away from the source region, which are critical parameters needed to estimate the impacts of these waves on coastal communities. In this study, laboratory data are produced from waves generated by the impact of water into a wave flume akin to the impact of a fluidized, highly mobile, and neutrally buoyant slide into a reservoir. Water surface observations are made using wave probes that remain at fixed positions, while the water depths and source volumes of slide material are varied. The wave shape is quantified by calculating the asymmetry about the vertical axis at each wave probe. The experimental results indicate that waves with positive or near‐zero asymmetry in the near field have a small influence on the maximum wave amplitude along the flume. However, waves with negative asymmetry in the near field change rapidly in shape and amplitude due to breaking until a stable state with symmetrical shape and wave breaking limit of 0.6 is reached. The length scale at which the breaking waves reach this state is quantified based on the initial asymmetry. An enhanced mathematical framework is developed using horizontal‐scale coefficients to modify the solitary wave equation such that it can be used to generate asymmetrical waves. This new method might be used in combination with predictions of the maximum wave amplitude to create time series needed to account for the shape of the tsunamis.
Impact of the Sea Surface Salinity on Simulated Precipitation in a Global Numerical Weather Prediction Model
Authors: Lee Eunjeong , Hong Song‐You 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe accurate treatment of surface turbulent fluxes is crucial for understanding the exchange of heat and moisture, which plays an important role in precipitation processes. In the bulk formula for estimating surface turbulent fluxes in atmospheric models, the ocean surface is assumed to be saturated with pure water. This study addresses the impact of salinity on the simulated precipitation of a global numerical weather prediction model, along with related physical reasoning, by incorporating sea surface salinity into the saturated vapor pressure over the ocean. The revised saturated vapor pressure algorithm, in which the salinity is considered, decreases the latent heat flux over the ocean, particularly over low‐latitude regions, resulting in a 6.3% reduction in the root‐mean‐square deviation against the Objectively Analyzed Air‐sea Fluxes Project (OAFlux) data. The reduced transport of water vapor to the atmosphere suppresses the generation of low‐level clouds. This decrease in cloudiness leads to warming near the surface due to increased downward solar radiation and cooling in the lower troposphere due to a lower condensation rate, which enhances vertical turbulent mixing. The resulting dryness within the planetary boundary layer affects the buoyancy of a lifting parcel and contributes to suppressing the occurrence of convective precipitation. The skill score of the simulated precipitation for medium‐range forecasts is improved by 3% due to the reduction in light precipitation over tropical oceans.
A 3‐D Printed PCB Integrated TEM Horn Antenna
Authors: Miralles Enrique , Schoenlinner Bernhard , Belenguer Ángel , Esteban Héctor , Ziegler Volker 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a very broadband (5–40 GHz) novel three dimension (3‐D) printed Transverse ElectroMagnetic (TEM) horn antenna. It is integrated with a planar Printed Circuit Board and radiates in a perpendicular direction of the Printed Circuit Board. The described antenna provides benefits in terms of cost and size for a two dimensional antenna array. Here the antenna and its corresponding transition to a regular 50 Ω microstrip line through Parallel Plate Waveguide and a 90° bend are presented. Prototypes of back‐to‐back transitions and antenna are fabricated and measured. The antenna has a return loss below −10 dB and a gain of approximately 10 dBi over the targeted frequency range.
Improved Assessment of Atmospheric Water Vapor Content in the Himalayan Regions Around the Kullu Valley in India Using Landsat‐8 Data
Authors: Varade D. , Dikshit O. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we present an approach for improved estimation of atmospheric water vapor content (WVC) from Landsat‐8 data. The initial estimates of WVC derived from the split window covariance variance ratio (SWCVR) method are sequentially improved by two exponential models. The first model is designed to apply orographic corrections to the SWCVR estimate using a 1‐arcsec Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model based on a scale and bias parameter for the change in elevation. This model is based on the local change in elevation derived using the directional Kirsch compass kernel gradient. A second model for additional improvement in orographically corrected WVC estimate is defined based on the change in the normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI) with three parameters, a scale and bias parameter for the change in NDVI and one bias parameter for the WVC estimate. The scale and bias parameters in orographic correction and the NDVI‐based correction are derived using regression between a selected training subset of WVC estimates (SWCVR estimate for orographic correction and orographically corrected WVC estimate for the NDVI‐based correction) and the corresponding Sentinel‐3 Ocean Land Color Instrument (OLCI) integrated water vapor (IWV) product. The study is conducted over the Himalayan regions around Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India, for two dates, 20 September 2017 and 26 January 2018, corresponding to the autumn and peak winter season in the region. A reduction in error of 0.32and 0.04 gm/cm2 was observed in proposed WVC estimate and the Sentinel‐3 integrated water vapor product, for the two data sets respectively.