bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Ultradurable and Uniform Cu Electrode by Blending Carbon Nanotube Fillers in Copper‐Based Metal–Organic Decomposition Ink for Flexible Printed Electronics
Authors: Seong Kwang‐dong , Kim Jong Min , Kang Jeongmin , Hwang Minsik , Lee Chaedong , Piao Yuanzhe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCu‐based metal–organic decomposition (MOD) ink is widely studied for printed electronics owing to its cost‐effectiveness and low‐temperature processing. The main purpose of using a low‐temperature processible Cu MOD ink is to fabricate flexible wearable devices. However, most researches are focused on enhancing the uniformity and conductivity of the formed electrode rather than increasing the durability. This paper presents an ultradurable and uniform Cu flexible electrode using a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) filler‐blended Cu MOD ink. This MOD ink is synthesized through a facile sonication‐based mixing method. The MWCNT enhances not only the uniformity of the Cu electrode by providing a heterogeneous nucleation site but also the durability of the electrode due to mechanical robustness of MWCNT. With an optimum MWCNT content (1.0 wt%), the Cu/MWCNT film exhibits a resistivity of 25.31 µΩ cm and a resistance increase of only 1.66 times after the 150 000 times bending test with 2.6 mm of bending radius. It is expected that this Cu/MWCNT nanocomposite electrode can be used for practical applications because of its easy preparation, and its improved quality and durability.
Nanostructural Analysis of Porous Oblique Angle Deposited (OAD) Multilayer Systems by Grazing‐Incidence Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Oliva‐Ramírez Manuel , López‐Santos Carmen , Yubero Francisco , González‐Elipe Agustín R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work reports a thorough characterization analysis of various porous thin film multilayers by means of grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS). Alternated TiO2/SiO2 nanocolumnar layers deposited at oblique angles are fabricated in slanted, chiral, and zig‐zag configurations by rotating azimuthally the substrate from one layer to the next. Multilayer systems formed by the stacking of 3 and 15 alternant thin films of these two oxides are morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and structurally by GISAXS. This technique has provided a means to determine various vertical and lateral correlation lengths and to assess the anisotropic electron density distribution along the structural elements existing in the multilayers. This information can be systematically used to account for the actual arrangement of nanostructural elements in multilayer systems.
The Progress of Li–S Batteries—Understanding of the Sulfur Redox Mechanism: Dissolved Polysulfide Ions in the Electrolytes
Authors: Zheng Dong , Wang Gongwei , Liu Dan , Si Jingyu , Ding Tianyao , Qu Deyu , Yang Xiaoqing , Qu Deyang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries have aroused great attention in recent years. Thousands of research articles are published, and among these publications, the majority are dedicated to improving the battery's performance through chemically and physically modifying the sulfur electrode, electrolytes, separator, and lithium anode. However, the single most important aspect, understanding the sulfur redox mechanism, is sparse and overwhelmed by the huge volume of work done on improving the battery's performance. Besides the intrinsic complexity of the sulfur redox chemistry, the most challenging task is to find an effective analytical technique for the quantitative and qualitative determination of the dissolved and solid polysulfides, including elemental sulfur. In this paper, the recent important research aiming to understand the redox mechanism of the sulfur electrode is reviewed in light of the unique analytical techniques used in the research. The review re‐affirms the complexity of the sulfur redox chemistry and lays the background for the future mechanistic research for Li–S batteries.
Survey on Textile Electrode Technologies for Electrocardiographic (ECG) Monitoring, from Metal Wires to Polymers
Authors: Pani Danilo , Achilli Andrea , Bonfiglio Annalisa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWearable technologies represent the new frontier of vital sign monitoring in different applications, from fitness to health. With the progressive miniaturization of the electronic components, enabling the implementation of portable and hand‐held acquisition and recording devices, the research focus has shifted toward the development of effective and unobtrusive textile electrodes. These electrodes can represent an alternative to the Ag/AgCl disposable gelled electrodes usually adopted in clinical practice. This survey presents the main requirements for these electrodes, with a particular emphasis on those conceived for electrocardiographic signals, and the main challenges to be faced. An overview of the main materials and fabrication technologies presented so far in the scientific literature for this purpose is also given. The pieces of evidence resulting from the test of these electrodes clearly reveal the virtues and vices of current technologies, prospectively opening to their use in smart garments for real application scenarios.
Recent Development of Fabricating Flexible Micro‐Supercapacitors for Wearable Devices
Authors: Zhao Chen , Liu Yuqing , Beirne Stephen , Razal Joselito , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe rapid development in miniaturized personal wearable devices has significantly stimulated the pursuit for ultrathin, flexible, and lightweight energy storage devices. As one of the most promising power supply devices, supercapacitors have attracted great interest owing to their long operating lifetime, high power density, and fast charge–discharge rate. However, conventional supercapacitors pose challenges when being integrated with miniaturized wearable devices. In this regard, micro‐supercapacitors with unique in‐plane interdigitated electrode design provide flexibility and ease of integration with wearable and portable electronics. This review discusses the recent progress on fabrication strategies of interdigitated electrode arrays for flexible supercapacitors. Strategies toward their practical applications for powering integrated systems are presented. Finally, the future perspectives of flexible micro‐supercapacitor are discussed.
A Near‐Infrared Photoactive Morphology Modifier Leads to Significant Current Improvement and Energy Loss Mitigation for Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhan Lingling , Li Shuixing , Zhang Huotian , Gao Feng , Lau Tsz‐Ki , Lu Xinhui , Sun Danyang , Wang Peng , Shi Minmin , Li Chang‐Zhi , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHerein, efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) are realized with the ternary blend of a medium band gap donor (poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′‐c:4′,5′‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione)] (PBDB‐T)) with a low band gap acceptor (2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐(((2,5‐difluoro‐1,4‐phenylene)bis(4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene‐6,2‐diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (HF‐PCIC)) and a near‐infrared acceptor (2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐(((4,4,9,9‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐4,9‐dihydro‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(4‐((2‐ethylhexyl)oxy)thiophene‐5,2‐diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (IEICO‐4F)). It is shown that the introduction of IEICO‐4F third component into PBDB‐T:HF‐PCIC blend increases the short‐circuit current density (J
sc) of the ternary OSC to 23.46 mA cm−2, with a 44% increment over those of binary devices. The significant current improvement originates from the broadened absorption range and the active layer morphology optimization through the introduction of IEICO‐4F component. Furthermore, the energy loss of the ternary cells (0.59 eV) is much decreased over that of the binary cells (0.80 eV) due to the reduction of both radiative recombination from the absorption below the band gap and nonradiative recombination upon the addition of IEICO‐4F. Therefore, the power conversion efficiency increases dramatically from 8.82% for the binary cells to 11.20% for the ternary cells. This work provides good examples for simultaneously achieving both significant current enhancement and energy loss mitigation in OSCs, which would lead to the further construction of highly efficient ternary OSCs.
Social genomics of healthy and disordered internet gaming
Authors: Snodgrass Jeffrey G. , Dengah II H. J. François , Lacy Michael G. , Else Robert J. , Polzer Evan R. , Arevalo Jesusa M. G. , Cole Steven W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo combine social genomics with cultural approaches to expand understandings of the somatic health dynamics of online gaming, including in the controversial nosological construct of internet gaming disorder (IGD).MethodsIn blood samples from 56 U.S. gamers, we examined expression of the conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA), a leukocyte gene expression profile activated by chronic stress. We compared positively engaged and problem gamers, as identified by an ethnographically developed measure, the Positive and Negative Gaming Experiences Scale (PNGE‐42), and also by a clinically derived IGD scale (IGDS‐SF9).ResultsCTRA profiles showed a clear relationship with PNGE‐42, with a substantial linkage to offline social support, but were not meaningfully associated with disordered play as measured by IGDS‐SF9.ConclusionsOur study advances understanding of the psychobiology of play, demonstrating via novel transcriptomic methods the association of negatively experienced internet play with biological measures of chronic threat, uncertainty, and distress. Our findings are consistent with the view that problematic patterns of online gaming are a proxy for broader patterns of biopsychosocial stress and distress such as loneliness, rather than a psychiatric disorder sui generis, which might exist apart from gamers’ other life problems. By confirming the biological correlates of certain patterns of internet gaming, culturally‐sensitive genomics approaches such as this can inform both evolutionary theorizing regarding the nature of play, as well as current psychiatric debates about the appropriateness of modeling distressful gaming on substance addiction and problem gambling.
Complete and Nondestructive Atomic Bell‐State Analysis Assisted by Inverse Engineering
Authors: Zheng Ri‐Hua , Kang Yi‐Hao , Shi Zhi‐Cheng , Xia Yan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA protocol for complete and nondestructive atomic Bell‐state analysis by using inverse engineering is presented. The setups for the Bell‐state analysis contain four atoms trapped in four separated cavities, respectively. The laser pulses designed by inverse engineering help in the manipulation of the transitions of atoms in a robust manner. By using the protocol, the information for distinguishing four Bell states of two information‐carrying atoms is encoded on two auxiliary atoms. Therefore, the four Bell states can be distinguished without being destroyed by detecting the states of the two auxiliary atoms. Moreover, as shown by the numerical simulations, the protocol has high successful probabilities to distinguish four Bell states when decoherence is considered. Thus, the protocol may provide some helpful perspectives for the quantum information tasks based on Bell states.
Hydrogenation of Pyridines Using a Nitrogen‐Modified Titania‐Supported Cobalt Catalyst
Authors: Chen Feng , Li Wu , Sahoo Basudev , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Agostini Giovanni , Lund Henrik , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNovel heterogeneous catalysts were prepared by impregnation of titania with a solution of cobalt acetate/melamine and subsequent pyrolysis. The resulting materials show an unusual nitrogen‐modified titanium structure through partial implementation of nitrogen into the support. The optimal catalyst displayed good activity and selectivity for challenging pyridine hydrogenation under acid free conditions in water as solvent.
White‐Fluorescent Dual‐Emission Mechanosensitive Membrane Probes that Function by Bending Rather than Twisting
Authors: Humeniuk Heorhii V. , Rosspeintner Arnulf , Licari Giuseppe , Kilin Vasyl , Bonacina Luigi , Vauthey Eric , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBent N,N′‐diphenyl‐dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine amphiphiles are introduced as mechanosensitive membrane probes that operate by an unprecedented mechanism, namely, unbending in the excited state as opposed to the previously reported untwisting in the ground and twisting in the excited state. Their dual emission from bent or “closed” and planarized or “open” excited states is shown to discriminate between micelles in water and monomers in solid‐ordered (So), liquid‐disordered (Ld) and bulk membranes. The dual‐emission spectra cover enough of the visible range to produce vesicles that emit white light with ratiometrically encoded information. Strategies to improve the bent mechanophores with expanded π systems and auxochromes are reported, and compatibility with imaging of membrane domains in giant unilamellar vesicles by two‐photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy is demonstrated.
Ambient Electrosynthesis of Ammonia: Electrode Porosity and Composition Engineering
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Lu , Wang Qiang , Ye Shuyang , Sun Wei , Shao Yue , Jiang Zhiping , Qiao Qiao , Zhu Yimei , Song Pengfei , Li Debao , He Le , Zhang Xiaohong , Yuan Jiayin , Wu Tom , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAmmonia, a key precursor for fertilizer production, convenient hydrogen carrier, and emerging clean fuel, plays a pivotal role in sustaining life on Earth. Currently, the main route for NH3 synthesis is by the heterogeneous catalytic Haber–Bosch process (N2+3 H2→2 NH3), which proceeds under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure with a very large carbon footprint. Herein we report that a pristine nitrogen‐doped nanoporous graphitic carbon membrane (NCM) can electrochemically convert N2 into NH3 in an acidic aqueous solution under ambient conditions. The Faradaic efficiency and rate of production of NH3 on the NCM electrode reach 5.2 % and 0.08 g m−2 h−1, respectively. Functionalization of the NCM with Au nanoparticles dramatically enhances these performance metrics to 22 % and 0.36 g m−2 h−1, respectively. As this system offers the potential to be scaled to industrial levels it is highly likely that it might displace the century‐old Haber–Bosch process.
Formation of Polypyrrole‐Coated Sb2Se3 Microclips with Enhanced Sodium‐Storage Properties
Authors: Fang Yongjin , Yu Xin‐Yao , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAntimony‐based electrode materials with high specific capacity have aroused considerable interest as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we develop a template‐engaged ion‐exchange method to synthesize Sb2Se3 microclips, and the as‐obtained Sb2Se3 microclips are further in situ coated with polypyrrole (PPy). Benefiting from the structural and compositional merits, these PPy‐coated Sb2Se3 microclips exhibit enhanced sodium‐storage properties in terms of high reversible capacity, superior rate capability, and stable cycling performance.
Floxuridine Homomeric Oligonucleotides “Hitchhike” with Albumin In Situ for Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Jin Cheng , Zhang Hui , Zou Jianmei , Liu Yan , Zhang Lin , Li Fengjie , Wang Ruowen , Xuan Wenjing , Ye Mao , Tan Weihong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAutomated attachment of chemotherapeutic drugs to oligonucleotides through phosphoramidite chemistry and DNA synthesis has emerged as a powerful technology in constructing structure‐defined and payload‐tunable oligonucleotide–drug conjugates. In practice, however, in vivo delivery of these oligonucleotides remains a challenge. Inspired by the systemic transport of hydrophobic payloads by serum albumin in nature, we report the development of a lipid‐conjugated floxuridine homomeric oligonucleotide (LFU20) that “hitchhikes” with endogenous serum albumin for cancer chemotherapy. Upon intravenous injection, LFU20 immediately inserts into the hydrophobic cave of albumin to form an LFU20/albumin complex, which accumulates in the tumor by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and internalizes into the lysosomes of cancer cells. After degradation, cytotoxic floxuridine monophosphate is released to inhibit cell proliferation.
Terminal Hydride Species in [FeFe]‐Hydrogenases Are Vibrationally Coupled to the Active Site Environment
Authors: Pham Cindy C. , Mulder David W. , Pelmenschikov Vladimir , King Paul W. , Ratzloff Michael W. , Wang Hongxin , Mishra Nakul , Alp Esen E. , Zhao Jiyong , Hu Michael Y. , Tamasaku Kenji , Yoda Yoshitaka , Cramer Stephen P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA combination of nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS), FTIR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations was used to observe and characterize Fe−H/D bending modes in CrHydA1 [FeFe]‐hydrogenase Cys‐to‐Ser variant C169S. Mutagenesis of cysteine to serine at position 169 changes the functional group adjacent to the H‐cluster from a ‐SH to ‐OH, thus altering the proton transfer pathway. The catalytic activity of C169S is significantly reduced compared to that of native CrHydA1, presumably owing to less efficient proton transfer to the H‐cluster. This mutation enabled effective capture of a hydride/deuteride intermediate and facilitated direct detection of the Fe−H/D normal modes. We observed a significant shift to higher frequency in an Fe−H bending mode of the C169S variant, as compared to previous findings with reconstituted native and oxadithiolate (ODT)‐substituted CrHydA1. On the basis of DFT calculations, we propose that this shift is caused by the stronger interaction of the ‐OH group of C169S with the bridgehead ‐NH‐ moiety of the active site, as compared to that of the ‐SH group of C169 in the native enzyme.
Engineering a Cu‐MOF Nano‐Catalyst by using Post‐Synthetic Modification for the Preparation of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles
Authors: Salahshournia Behrang , Hamadi Hosein , Nobakht Valiollah 
Published: June 2018

A new nano scale Cu‐MOF has been obtained via post‐synthetic metalation by immersing a Zn‐MOF as a template in DMF solutions of copper(II) salts. The Cu‐MOF serves as recyclable nano‐catalyst for the preparation of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles via [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of various nitriles and sodium azide in a green medium (PEG). The post‐synthetic metalated MOF were characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. The morphology and size of the nano‐catalyst were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM).
Selective vapor‐phase oxidation of o‐xylene to phthalic anhydride over Co‐Mn/H3PW12O40@TiO2 using molecular oxygen as a green oxidant
Authors: Masoomi Kianoosh , Ghiaci Mehran , Botelho do Rego A.M. 
Published: June 2018

The oxidation of o‐xylene to phthalic anhydride over Co‐Mn/H3PW12O40@TiO2 was investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that the prepared catalyst effectively catalyzed the oxidation of o‐xylene to phthalic anhydride. Also, the synergistic effect between three metals plays vital roles in this reaction. From a green chemistry point of view, this method is environmentally friendly due to carrying out the oxidation in a fixed‐bed reactor under solvent‐free condition and using molecular oxygen as a green and cheap oxidizing agent. The resulting solid catalysts were characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, XPS, ICP‐OES, FESEM, TEM, EDX, DR‐UV spectroscopy, BET and thermogravimetric analysis. The oxidation of o‐xylene yields four products: o‐tolualdehyde, phthaldialdehyde, phthalide and finally phthalic anhydride as the main product. The reaction conditions for oxidation of o‐xylene were optimized by varying the temperature, weight hourly space velocity and oxygen flow rate (contact time). The optimum weight percentage of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) and Co/Mn for phthalic anhydride production were 15 wt % and 2 wt%, respectively. The best Co/Mn ratio was found to be 10/1. Oxygen flow rate was very important on the phthalic anhydride formation. The optimum conditions for oxidation of o‐xylene were T = 370 °C, WHSV = 0.5 h−1 and oxygen flow rate = 10 mL min−1. Under optimized conditions, a maximum of 88.2% conversion and 75.5% selectivity to phthalic anhydride was achieved with the fresh catalyst. Moreover, reusability of the catalyst was studied and catalytic activity remained unchanged after at least five cycles.
A Glass Darkly
Authors: San Roque Craig 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper is based upon the images and thinking of two central Australian men, Andrew Spencer Japaljarri and Rod Moss, both embedded in the arduous and localized circumstances of pragmatic intercultural recognition. Their paintings are philosophical meditations on the state of relations in this part of the country. The author emphasizes that authentic constitutional recognition depends upon authentic interpersonal relationships. This is hard to achieve and hard to sustain.
Hyperporous‐Carbon‐Supported Nonprecious Metal Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhai Tian‐Long , Xuan Cuijuan , Xu Jincheng , Ban Li , Cheng Zhiming , Wang Shaolei , Wang Deli , Tan Bien , Zhang Chun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHighly porous carbonaceous nonprecious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction are prepared by carbonization of low‐cost metalloporphyrin‐based hyper‐crosslinked polymers (MPH‐X). With high surface area (2768 m2 g−1), hierarchical porous structure, and high metal loading (9.97 wt %), the obtained hyperporous carbon MPH‐Fe/C catalyst exhibits high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity with a half‐wave potential (0.816 V) that is comparable to the 0.819 V of commercial Pt/C. Stability tests reveal that MPH‐Fe/C also exhibits outstanding long‐term durability and methanol tolerance. Our findings may offer an alternative approach to produce nonprecious metal ORR catalysts on a large scale owing to the low‐cost MPH‐X precursors with diverse metal types.
Decoupling control for wastewater treatment process based on recurrent fuzzy neural network
Authors: Qiao Jun‐Fei , Han Gai‐Tang , Han Hong‐Gui , Yang Cui‐Li , Li Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDue to the characteristics of strong coupling and high nonlinearity in the control process, an intelligent decoupling control strategy based on recurrent fuzzy neural network (RFNN) is proposed in this paper to control the wastewater treatment process (WWTP). Firstly, the architecture of the RFNN controller is designed with a mechanism analysis of WWTP. Secondly, a decoupling strategy in combination with a gradient descent search algorithm is used to decouple the control loop of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and nitrate nitrogen (SNO) concentration. Finally, stability analysis based on a Lyapunov function is investigated. The proposed approach has been applied to the WWTP simulation model. Compared to model predictive control, echo state network‐based HDP (E‐HDP), conventional RFNN, and neural network on‐line modelling and controlling methods, the proposed method has better control performance.