bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Veränderungen der Verletzungsepidemiologie in der Schwerverletztenversorgung durch die COVID-19-Pandemie: eine retrospektive Analyse des Traumaregisters DGU®
Authors: Lakomek Felix , Hilsmann Falk , Bieler Dan , Schneppendahl Johannes , Schiffner Erik , Beyersdorf Christoph , Lefering Rolf , Teuben Michel , Hatz Basil , Windolf Joachim , Pape Hans-Christoph , Jensen Kai Oliver 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Die COVID-19-Pandemie führte im Jahr 2020 nicht nur zu einer großen Belastung des deutschen Gesundheitssystems, sondern ging auch mit einer Veränderung des gesellschaftlichen Lebens durch epidemiebedingte Maßnahmen einher. Aus dem erhöhten Behandlungsaufkommen von COVID-19-Erkrankten resultierten ebenfalls veränderte Versorgungsstrukturen in den Kliniken; so zeigte sich unter anderem eine deutlich erhöhte Auslastung der Intensivbetten. Diese retrospektive Registeranalyse des TraumaRegisters DGU® untersucht, inwieweit sich im ersten Jahr der COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland 2020 die Epidemiologie und Unfallursachen von Schwerverletzten veränderten und ob eine Veränderung der Verletzungsschwere oder Mortalität von Traumapatienten eintrat.

Material & Methodik
In einer retrospektiven Registeranalyse des TraumaRegisters DGU® der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie wurden alle erfassten Traumapatienten der Jahre 2018–2020 eingeschlossen. Die Jahre 2018/2019 wurden als gemeinsame Vergleichsgruppe herangezogen und mit dem ersten Pandemiejahr 2020 verglichen. Neben dem Vergleich der epidemiologischen Daten wurden insbesondere die Unfallursachen und Unfalleinflüsse analysiert. Weiterhin erfolgte eine Mortalitätsanalyse. Zudem führten wir eine Subgruppenanalyse der einzelnen Jahresabschnitte hinsichtlich der einzelnen COVID-19-Infektionswellen im Jahr 2020 durch.

Ergebnis
Insgesamt konnten 71.943 Patienten in die Analyse eingeschlossen werden. Der Injury Severity Score (ISS) zeigte sich in beiden Gruppen annähernd gleich (2020: 17,6 vs. 2018/2019: 17,3). Die Betrachtung des Unfallhergangs ergab eine prozentuale Reduktion an Pkw-assoziiertem Trauma (2020: 17,2 % vs. 2018/2019: 20,7 %) und gleichzeitig eine Zunahme des fahrradassoziierten Traumas (2020: 13,1 % vs. 2018/2019: 10,4 %). Der Anteil der Traumapatienten, die unter Alkoholeinfluss verunfallten, nahm im Jahr 2020 deutlich ab. So zeigte sich insgesamt eine Reduktion von 22,3 % 2018/2019 auf 19,3 % im Jahr 2020. Bezüglich der Mortalität konnte eine Zunahme der Patienten, die im Krankenhaus verstorben sind, festgestellt werden (2020: 11,5 % vs. 2018/2019: 10,3 %).

Schlussfolgerung
Die COVID-19-Pandemie hatte in Deutschland im ersten Pandemiejahr 2020, verglichen mit den beiden Vorjahren, einen Einfluss insbesondere auf den Unfallhergang bei Traumapatienten. Die beobachtete Zunahme der Mortalität ist in weiteren Studien hinsichtlich möglicher Veränderungen von Versorgungsprozessen in den Kliniken durch die COVID-19-Pandemie zu analysieren.

Graphic abstract
A fully probabilistic framework to compute the residual rockfall risk in presence of mitigation measures
Authors: Marchelli Maddalena , De Biagi Valerio , Chiaia Bernardino 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRockfall events are expected to rise throughout the future due to climate change and extreme meteorological events. In the perspective of climate change adaptation, an accurate quantification of the risk is needed, together with a precise assessment of the effectiveness of protective measures eventually installed. All the possible block detachment scenarios together with their occurrence probability should be considered, and a time span should be selected. A fully probabilistic framework to compute the risk in absence and in presence of a protective structure is herein proposed, and a time-integrated reliability-based method, developed by the authors, is applied to define the failure probability of the protective measure. The complete method, in absence and presence of a rockfall barrier, is applied to a study case, and the residual risk in presence of the barrier is quantified. The results show the importance of considering all the possible detachment situations to have reliable results in terms of both risk and effectiveness of the protective measure quantification.
The Mechanisms Underlying Religious Coping and Hopelessness: Role of Meaning in Life and Affectivity
Authors: Wnuk Marcin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractReligion can fulfill both positive and negative functions in coping with stress. There is a lack of research regarding the mechanism underlying the link between religious coping and mental health. The purpose of this study was to verify how religious coping is related to mental health. Two indirect mechanisms were tested for finding meaning in life and emotional regulation. The study was conducted with 115 students from Poland. According to the results, both positive and negative religious coping were indirectly related to hopelessness through finding meaning in life and affectivity. More frequent use of negative religious coping was positively related to the intensity of negative affect and problems with finding meaning in life, which, in turn, led to a higher level of hopelessness. Meanwhile, more frequent use of positive religious coping was correlated with a greater intensity of positive effect and supported individuals in finding meaning in life. Finding meaning in life was related to a lower level of hopelessness, but positive affect was not correlated with hopelessness. The research confirmed the role played by finding meaning in life and affectivity within the mechanism underlying the link between religious coping and hopelessness. In conclusion, theoretical and practical implications are presented.
Assimilation of Surface Geostrophic Currents in the East Sea Using the Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Choi Jae-Sung , Choi Byoung-Ju , Kwon Kyungman , Seo Gwang-Ho 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe conventional ocean data assimilation process typically involves assimilating hydrographic data, such as temperature and salinity measurements, obtained from both satellites and in-situ observations. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance ocean circulation modeling by assimilating surface geostrophic currents derived from satellite altimetry data using the ensemble Kalman filter. To match the time scales for the variability in the observed surface geostrophic currents and the model currents, the current velocities from the model were low-pass filtered. The optimal cut-off period for the low-pass filter was determined to be 31 days in the East Sea. Eight sensitivity experiments were then conducted to examine the effects of observation error and low-pass filtering during the assimilation of surface geostrophic current data. Assimilation experiments with surface geostrophic current data improved surface currents but had minor negative impacts on the temperature and salinity when compared with assimilation experiments without surface geostrophic current data. Notably, the experiment with an observation error of 10 cm/s for the geostrophic current outperformed the other experiments. Surface geostrophic current assimilation improved the sea surface temperature during winter and effectively modified surface current patterns during autumn in the East Sea. Assimilating satellite-derived surface geostrophic currents in the ocean circulation model thus enhanced the accuracy of surface circulation simulation. This improvement in ocean analysis data offers significant benefits for understanding ocean climate change and for developing marine management strategies.
The Swiss Legislation on Business and Human Rights: A Reform Needed Towards Harmonization with EU Law
Authors: Neri-Castracane Giulia , Canapa Damiano , Brander Teymour 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article examines the disparities between the (existing and planned) business and human rights (BHR) legislations in Switzerland and the European Union (EU). More specifically, (i) the key differences that exist between the Swiss and EU BHR legislations are identified, and (ii) the proposed amendments to the Swiss BHR legislation to reach the desired harmonization with the EU framework are put forward. The Swiss BHR legislation, implemented in stages on 1 January 2021 and 1 January 2023, encompasses provisions related to ‘transparency on non-financial matters’, ‘transparency in raw material companies’, and ‘due diligence and transparency in relation to minerals and metals from conflict-affected areas and child labor’. The EU BHR legal framework, however, has undergone a major overhaul, with the recent adoption of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence (CSDDD) that introduce additional obligations. These EU regulations have (or will have) important extraterritorial effects, including on Swiss undertakings operating—directly or indirectly—in the EU. To prevent Swiss companies from being subject to a diverse array of regulations (with an increased risk of sanctions in case of non-compliance), a reform of the Swiss BHR legislation is needed to ensure harmonization with EU BHR legislation. This article also serves as a resource if full equivalence between them is sought.
Core Concept Identification in Educational Resources via Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models
Authors: Reales Daniel , Manrique Rubén , Grévisse Christian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe growing demand for online education raises the question of which learning resources should be included in online programs to ensure students achieve their desired learning outcomes. By automatically identifying the core concepts in educational materials, teachers can select coherent and relevant resources for their courses. This work explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to identify core concepts in educational resources. We propose three different pipelines for building knowledge graphs from lecture transcripts using LLMs and ontologies such as DBpedia. These knowledge graphs are then utilized to determine the central concepts (nodes) within the educational resources. Results show that LLM-constructed knowledge graphs when guided by ontologies, achieve state-of-the-art performance in core concept identification.
ExAq-MSPP: An Energy-Efficient Mobile Sink Path Planning Using Extended Aquila Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Sangeetha S. , Victoire T. Aruldoss Albert , Premkumar Manoharan , Sowmya Ravichandran 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWireless sensor networks play a crucial role in gathering data from remote or hard-to-reach locations, enabling real-time monitoring and decision-making in a wide range of industries and applications. The mobile sink path planning (MSPP) enables mobile sinks (e.g., drones or rovers) to navigate through the environment, collecting data from different sensor nodes, ensuring comprehensive coverage, and adaptively addressing changing conditions. Still, the energy-efficient routing with minimal delay is the challenging aspect. This research focuses on improving data gathering in wireless sensor networks by introducing an efficient routing protocol. In this proposed protocol, sensor nodes are initially deployed using Voronoi diagrams to ensure uniform network coverage. The network is then divided into clusters using the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) algorithm for energy-efficient routing. To optimize the path planning of a mobile sink for data collection, we introduce the extended Aquila (ExAq) optimization algorithm, which uses a multi-objective fitness function considering factors such as delay, residual energy, link quality, priority, and distance. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ExAq-MSPP protocol in terms of reduced delay, improved network lifetime, higher packet delivery ratio, enhanced residual energy, and increased throughput compared to existing protocols with the values of 1.169, 99.857, 99.920, 0.997, and 255.306, respectively. Thus, the energy-efficient routing and optimizing path planning for mobile sinks, the proposed ExAq-MSPP protocol can extend network lifetime, increase data accuracy, and provide more robust performance under changing environmental conditions.
Effective count of square-tiled surfaces with prescribed real and imaginary foliations in connected components of strata
Authors: ARANA-HERRERA FRANCISCO 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe prove an effective estimate with a power saving error term for the number of square-tiled surfaces in a connected component of a stratum of quadratic differentials whose vertical and horizontal foliations belong to prescribed mapping class group orbits and which have at most L squares. This result strengthens asymptotic counting formulas in the work of Delecroix, Goujard, Zograf, Zorich, and the author.
Dimension estimates for badly approximable affine forms
Authors: KIM TAEHYEONG , KIM WOOYEON , LIM SEONHEE 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For given

$\epsilon>0$

and

$b\in \mathbb {R}^m$

, we say that a real

$m\times n$

matrix A is

$\epsilon $

-badly approximable for the target b if

$$ \begin{align*}\liminf_{q\in\mathbb{Z}^n, \|q\|\to\infty} \|q\|^n \langle Aq-b\rangle^m \geq \epsilon,\end{align*} $$

where

$\langle \cdot \rangle $

denotes the distance from the nearest integral vector. In this article, we obtain upper bounds for the Hausdorff dimensions of the set of

$\epsilon $

-badly approximable matrices for fixed target b and the set of

$\epsilon $

-badly approximable targets for fixed matrix A. Moreover, we give a Diophantine condition of A equivalent to the full Hausdorff dimension of the set of

$\epsilon $

-badly approximable targets for fixed A. The upper bounds are established by effectivizing entropy rigidity in homogeneous dynamics, which is of independent interest. For the A-fixed case, our method also works for the weighted setting where the supremum norms are replaced by certain weighted quasinorms.
Hyperplane Arrangements Satisfy (Un)Twisted Logarithmic Comparison Theorems, Applications to
$\mathscr {D}_{X}$
-modules
Authors: Bath Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For a reduced hyperplane arrangement, we prove the analytic Twisted Logarithmic Comparison Theorem, subject to mild combinatorial arithmetic conditions on the weights defining the twist. This gives a quasi-isomorphism between the twisted logarithmic de Rham complex and the twisted meromorphic de Rham complex. The latter computes the cohomology of the arrangement’s complement with coefficients from the corresponding rank one local system. We also prove the algebraic variant (when the arrangement is central), and the analytic and algebraic (untwisted) Logarithmic Comparison Theorems. The last item positively resolves an old conjecture of Terao. We also prove that: Every nontrivial rank one local system on the complement can be computed via these Twisted Logarithmic Comparison Theorems; these computations are explicit finite-dimensional linear algebra. Finally, we give some

$\mathscr {D}_{X}$

-module applications: For example, we give a sharp restriction on the codimension one components of the multivariate Bernstein–Sato ideal attached to an arbitrary factorization of an arrangement. The bound corresponds to (and, in the univariate case, gives an independent proof of) M. Saito’s result that the roots of the Bernstein–Sato polynomial of a non-smooth, central, reduced arrangement live in

$(-2 + 1/d, 0).$
Naderid Iran's Statehood, Territoriality, Status, and Diplomatic Capacity on Ottoman Scale: 1723-1748
Authors: Güngörürler Selim 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article explores Naderid Iran's nature of statehood, position in international balance of power, and evolving diplomatic practice. It argues that from 1723 to 1747, the sovereign establishment in Iran remained fundamentally dynastic without giving way to territoriality, continued to acknowledge Ottoman superiority in hierarchy as well as power relations as a principle, and gradually began to adopt, for the first time, early modern specialized phenomena in diplomatic conduct. The study bases itself on the documentation produced by Iranian-Ottoman diplomacy from the Afghan overthrow in 1722 until the aftermath of Nāder Shah's murder in 1747, contextualizes these records in comparison to those of earlier centuries, and treats the Hotaki regime, the Safavid rump state, and Nāder's monarchy in Iran as a whole.
Population dynamics of a South African isolate of Steinernema yirgalemense in vitro liquid culture, using egg yolk as protein source
Authors: Dunn M.D. , Malan A.P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema yirgalemense, is an effective biological control agent against a variety of important insect pests in South Africa. To develop a South African EPN product feasibly in South Africa, EPNs need to be mass-produced. This study aimed to record the population dynamics of S. yirgalemense with in vitro liquid production in shake flasks, with a protein source of powdered egg yolk. The Erlenmeyer flask results indicated variation between flasks, albeit still achieving high yields. The reasons for attaining such variability in the recovery, yield, and growth stages are unclear, hence requiring further studies seeking to increase consistency. The results obtained indicate that, when IJ recovery is low, yields are also low due to relatively few reproductive adults being present in solution, which, in turn, produces more offspring, which later converts to the desired infective juvenile used for product formulation development. For commercial viability, a consistent production system is required that produces predictable yields. This study showed comparable high yields achieved with the flasks and in an early-stage bioreactor setup, being a positive development for S. yirgalemense mass production. Prior to the bioreactor scale-up process, protocol of mass production, the population and growth dynamics of the nematodes in the flask environment requires understanding. This is a positive step, leading to the future commercialisation of a local EPN product.
Top-k high utility itemset mining: current status and future directions
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
High utility itemsets mining (HUIM) is an important sub-field of frequent itemset mining (FIM). Recently, HUIM has received much attention in the field of data mining. High utility itemsets (HUIs) have proven to be quite useful in marketing, retail marketing, cross-marketing, and e-commerce. Traditional HUIM approaches suffer from a drawback as they need a user-defined minimum utility (

$ min\_util $

) threshold. It is not easy for the users to set the appropriate

$ min\_util $

threshold to find actionable HUIs. To target this drawback, top-k HUIM has been introduced. top-k HUIM is more suitable for supermarket managers and retailers to prepare appropriate strategies to generate higher profit. In this paper, we provide an in-depth survey of the current status of top-k HUIM approaches. The paper presents the task of top-k HUIM and its relevant definitions. It reviews the top-k HUIM approaches and presents their advantages and disadvantages. The paper also discusses the important strategies of the top-k HUIM, their variations, and research opportunities. The paper provides a detailed summary, analysis, and future directions of the top-k HUIM field.
Timing sensitivity of prenatal cortisol exposure and neurocognitive development
Authors: Womack Sean R. , Murphy Hannah R. , Arnold Molly S. , Duberstein Zoe T. , Best Meghan , Qiu Xing , Miller Richard K. , Barrett Emily S. , O’Connor Thomas G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure has been negatively associated with infant neurocognitive outcomes. However, questions about developmental timing effects across gestation remain. Participants were 253 mother-child dyads who participated in a prospective cohort study recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy. Diurnal cortisol was measured in maternal saliva samples collected across a single day within each trimester of pregnancy. Children (49.8% female) completed the Bayley Mental Development Scales, Third Edition at 6, 12, and 24 months and completed three observational executive function tasks at 24 months. Structural equation models adjusting for sociodemographic covariates were used to test study hypotheses. There was significant evidence for timing sensitivity. First-trimester diurnal cortisol (area under the curve) was negatively associated with cognitive and language development at 12 months and poorer inhibition at 24 months. Second-trimester cortisol exposure was negatively associated with language scores at 24 months. Third-trimester cortisol positively predicted performance in shifting between task rules (set shifting) at 24 months. Associations were not reliably moderated by child sex. Findings suggest that neurocognitive development is sensitive to prenatal glucocorticoid exposure as early as the first trimester and underscore the importance of assessing developmental timing in research on prenatal exposures for child health outcomes.
Result lexicalization with manner verbs in French: an experimental investigation of the material/product alternation and the packaging of meaning
Authors: Schirakowski Barbara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFrench is a typical verb-framed language, in which manner verbs cannot freely combine with result-denoting constituents in a single VP. Drawing on experimentally elicited production data on Hexagonal French, this study examines how the syntactic (in)flexibility of manner-of-creation verbs influences the lexicalization of the event result. As for result lexicalization within the VP headed by the manner verb, the study explores the occurrence of effected objects and resultative PPs. Thus, it addresses the availability of the material/product alternation (sculpter une poupée à partir du bois/sculpter le bois en (une) poupée) as a type of argument alternation, whose existence has been questioned for the Romance languages. Furthermore, it is explored how the verbs’ syntactic flexibility influences whether manner and result are lexicalized within a single VP at all or distributed onto different VPs. The results show that the material/product alternation does occur, but that only a limited set of verbs has the syntactic flexibility required for it. Additionally, it is shown that syntactic flexibility favors a denser packaging of conceptual components, since with verbs that admit an effected object, the result is realized more often in the VP than with verbs that do not.
Wb-sober spaces and the core-coherence of dcpo models
Authors: Shen Chong , Zhao Xinchao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a new class of
$T_0$
spaces called wb-sober spaces, which is strictly larger than the class of open well-filtered spaces. Unlike open well-filtered spaces, wb-sober spaces are defined more intuitively by requiring certain special subsets, termed wb-irreducible closed sets, to have singleton closures. We establish several key results about these spaces, including (1) every open well-filtered space is wb-sober, but not vice versa; (2) every strongly core-coherent wb-sober space is open well-filtered; (3) a space is core-compact iff its irreducible closed sets are wb-irreducible, providing a characterization of core-compactness; (4) every core-compact wb-sober space is sober, thereby generalizing the Jia-Jung problem. In addition, we investigate the core-coherence of the Xi-Zhao model. We prove that a
$T_1$
space contains finite number of isolated points iff its Xi-Zhao model is core-coherent iff its Xi-Zhao model is strongly core-coherent. Based on this result, we then propose a general approach to constructing a non-routine open well-filtered but not well-filtered dcpo.