bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two 4-Week Balance-Training Programs for Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Anguish Ben , Sandrey Michelle A. 
Published: September 2018

Context:
Traditional single-limb balance (SLB) and progressive dynamic balance-training programs for those with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have been evaluated in the literature. However, which training program may be more beneficial is not known.

Objective:
To investigate the effects of a progressive hop-to-stabilization balance (PHSB) program compared with an SLB program on self-reported function, dynamic postural control, and joint position sense (JPS) where angle and direction were self-reported by participants with CAI.

Design:
Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting:
A single testing location in a mid-Atlantic state.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 18 participants (age = 18.38 ± 1.81 years; height = 175.26 ± 6.64 cm; mass = 75.79 ± 12.1 kg) with CAI.

Intervention(s):
Participants were randomly assigned to the PHSB or SLB program. The PHSB and SLB groups pursued their 4-week programs 3 times a week. The PHSB group performed a battery of single-limb hop-to-stabilization exercises, while the SLB group performed a series of SLB exercises. Exercises were advanced throughout the 4 weeks for both groups.

Main Outcomes Measure(s):
Pretest and posttest measurements were the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)-Activities of Daily Living subscale; FAAM-Sports subscale; Star Excursion Balance Test in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions; and weight-bearing JPS blocks (dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion).

Results:
A significant main effect of time was present for the FAAM-Activities of Daily Living, FAAM-Sports, Star Excursion Balance Test (anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions), and JPS (dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion), as posttest results improved for the PHSB and SLB groups. The main effect of group was significant only for the FAAM-Sports, with the SLB group improving more than the PHSB group.

Conclusions:
Either a 4-week PHSB or SLB can be used in athletes with CAI, as both programs resulted in similar gains.
Spatiotemporal variability of NO2 and PM2.5 over Eastern China: observational and model analyses with a novel statistical method
Authors: Liu Mengyao , Lin Jintai , Wang Yuchen , Sun Yang , Zheng Bo , Shao Jingyuan , Chen Lulu , Zheng Yixuan , Chen Jinxuan , Fu Tzung-May , Yan Yingying , Zhang Qiang , Wu Zhaohua 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Eastern China (27–41∘ N,
110–123∘ E) is heavily polluted by
nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter
below 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and other air pollutants. These pollutants
vary on a variety of temporal and spatial scales, with many temporal scales
that are nonperiodic and nonstationary, challenging proper quantitative
characterization and visualization. This study uses a newly compiled
EOF–EEMD analysis visualization package to evaluate the spatiotemporal
variability of ground-level NO2, PM2.5, and their associations
with meteorological processes over Eastern China in fall–winter 2013.
Applying the package to observed hourly pollutant data reveals a primary
spatial pattern representing Eastern China synchronous variation in
time, which is dominated by diurnal variability with a much weaker
day-to-day signal. A secondary spatial mode, representing north–south
opposing changes in time with no constant period, is characterized by
wind-related dilution or a buildup of pollutants from one day to another. We further evaluate simulations of nested GEOS-Chem v9-02 and
WRF/CMAQ v5.0.1 in capturing the
spatiotemporal variability of pollutants. GEOS-Chem underestimates
NO2 by about 17 µg m−3 and PM2.5 by
35 µg m−3
on average over fall–winter 2013. It reproduces the diurnal
variability for both pollutants. For the day-to-day variation, GEOS-Chem
reproduces the observed north–south contrasting mode for both pollutants but
not the Eastern China synchronous mode (especially for NO2). The
model errors are due to a first model layer too thick (about 130 m) to
capture the near-surface vertical gradient, deficiencies in the nighttime
nitrogen chemistry in the first layer, and missing secondary organic aerosols
and anthropogenic dust. CMAQ overestimates the diurnal cycle of pollutants
due to too-weak boundary layer mixing, especially in the nighttime, and
overestimates NO2 by about 30 µg m−3 and PM2.5
by 60 µg m−3. For the day-to-day variability, CMAQ reproduces
the observed Eastern China synchronous mode but not the north–south opposing
mode of NO2. Both models capture the day-to-day variability of
PM2.5 better than that of NO2. These results shed light on
model improvement. The EOF–EEMD package is freely
available for noncommercial uses.
Examination on total ozone column retrievals by Brewer spectrophotometry using different processing software
Authors: Siani Anna Maria , Frasca Francesca , Scarlatti Francesco , Religi Arianna , Diémoz Henri , Casale Giuseppe R. , Pedone Massimiliano , Savastiouk Volodya 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The availability of long-term records of the total ozone content (TOC)
represents a valuable source of information for studies on the assessment of
short- and long-term atmospheric changes and their impact on the terrestrial
ecosystem. In particular, ground-based observations represent a valuable tool
for validating satellite-derived products. To our knowledge, details about
software packages for processing Brewer spectrophotometer measurements and
for retrieving the TOC are seldom specified in studies using such datasets. The
sources of the differences among retrieved TOCs from the Brewer instruments
located at the Italian stations of Rome and Aosta, using three freely available
codes (Brewer Processing Software, BPS; O3Brewer software; and European Brewer Network (EUBREWNET) level
1.5 products) are investigated here. Ground-based TOCs are also compared with
Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) TOC retrievals used as an independent
dataset since no other instruments near the Brewer sites are available. The overall agreement of the BPS and O3Brewer TOC data with EUBREWNET data is
within the estimated total uncertainty in the retrieval of total ozone from a
Brewer spectrophotometer (1 %). However, differences can be found
depending on the software in use. Such differences become larger when the
instrumental sensitivity exhibits a fast and dramatic drift which can affect
the ozone retrievals significantly. Moreover, if daily mean values are
directly generated by the software, differences can be observed due to the
configuration set by the users to process single ozone measurement and the
rejection rules applied to data to calculate the daily value. This work aims to provide useful information both for scientists engaged in
ozone measurements with Brewer spectrophotometers and for stakeholders of
the Brewer data products available on Web-based platforms.
Global re-analysis datasets to improve hydrological assessment and snow water equivalent estimation in a sub-Arctic watershed
Authors: Casson David R. , Werner Micha , Weerts Albrecht , Solomatine Dimitri 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Hydrological modelling in the Canadian sub-Arctic is hindered by sparse
meteorological and snowpack data. The snow water equivalent (SWE) of the winter
snowpack is a key predictor and driver of spring flow, but the use of SWE
data in hydrological applications is limited due to high uncertainty. Global
re-analysis datasets that provide gridded meteorological and SWE data may be
well suited to improve hydrological assessment and snowpack simulation. To
investigate representation of hydrological processes and SWE for application
in hydropower operations, global re-analysis datasets covering 1979–2014
from the European Union FP7 eartH2Observe project are applied to global and
local conceptual hydrological models. The recently developed Multi-Source
Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) and the WATCH Forcing Data applied to
ERA-Interim data (WFDEI) are used to simulate snowpack accumulation, spring
snowmelt volume and annual streamflow. The GlobSnow-2 SWE product funded by
the European Space Agency with daily coverage from 1979 to 2014 is evaluated
against in situ SWE measurement over the local watershed. Results demonstrate
the successful application of global datasets for streamflow prediction,
snowpack accumulation and snowmelt timing in a snowmelt-driven sub-Arctic
watershed. The study was unable to demonstrate statistically significant
correlations (p < 0.05) among the measured snowpack, global
hydrological model and GlobSnow-2 SWE compared to snowmelt runoff volume or peak
discharge. The GlobSnow-2 product is found to under-predict late-season
snowpacks over the study area and shows a premature decline of SWE prior to
the true onset of the snowmelt. Of the datasets tested, the MSWEP
precipitation results in annual SWE estimates that are better predictors of
snowmelt volume and peak discharge than the WFDEI or GlobSnow-2. This study
demonstrates the operational and scientific utility of the global re-analysis
datasets in the sub-Arctic, although knowledge gaps remain in global
satellite-based datasets for snowpack representation, for example the
relationship between passive-microwave-measured SWE to snowmelt runoff
volume.
Mechanisms leading to the 2016 giant twin glacier collapses, Aru Range, Tibet
Authors: Gilbert Adrien , Leinss Silvan , Kargel Jeffrey , Kääb Andreas , Gascoin Simon , Leonard Gregory , Berthier Etienne , Karki Alina , Yao Tandong 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In north-western Tibet (34.0∘ N, 82.2∘ E) near
lake Aru Co, the entire ablation areas of two glaciers (Aru-1 and Aru-2)
suddenly collapsed on 17 July and 21 September 2016. The
masses transformed into ice avalanches with volumes of 68 and 83×106 m3 and ran out up to 7 km in horizontal distance, killing nine
people. The only similar event currently documented is the 130×106 m3 Kolka Glacier rock and ice avalanche of 2002 (Caucasus
Mountains). Using climatic reanalysis, remote sensing, and three-dimensional
thermo-mechanical modelling, we reconstructed the Aru glaciers'
thermal regimes, thicknesses, velocities, basal shear stresses, and ice
damage prior to the collapse in detail. Thereby, we highlight the potential of using
emergence velocities to constrain basal friction in mountain glacier models.
We show that the frictional change leading to the Aru collapses occurred in
the temperate areas of the polythermal glaciers and is not related to a
rapid thawing of cold-based ice. The two glaciers experienced a similar
stress transfer from predominant basal drag towards predominant lateral
shearing in the detachment areas and during the 5–6 years before the
collapses. A high-friction patch is found under the Aru-2 glacier tongue,
but not under the Aru-1 glacier. This difference led to disparate behaviour
of both glaciers, making the development of the instability more visible for
the Aru-1 glacier through enhanced crevassing and terminus advance over a
longer period. In comparison, these signs were observable only over a few
days to weeks (crevasses) or were absent (advance) for the Aru-2 glacier. Field
investigations reveal that those two glaciers were underlain by soft, highly
erodible, and fine-grained sedimentary lithologies. We propose that the specific
bedrock lithology played a key role in the two Tibet and the Caucasus
Mountains giant glacier collapses documented to date by producing low bed
roughness and large amounts of till, rich in clay and silt with a low friction
angle. The twin 2016 Aru collapses would thus have been driven by a failing
basal substrate linked to increasing pore water pressure in the subglacial
drainage system in response to increases in surface melting and rain
during the 5–6 years preceding the collapse dates.
Lukács and the Project of a Marxist Literary History: Balzac and Dostoevsky
Authors: Smetona Matthew J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article attempts to further the understanding of the Balzac-Dostoevsky relation by returning to the social analysis offered by Georg Lukács and by developing that analysis from the standpoint of his distinctive understanding of Marxist criticism. Certain key aspects of Balzac's critique of nascent capitalist society are inherited by Dostoevsky, and many such aspects are transferred fruitfully from restoration Paris to tsarist Petersburg, as this article will seek to demonstrate. These critical elements are developed by the latter author along psychological lines that deepen Balzac's original materialist analysis. In the novella and novel considered here, Dostoevsky displays particular acumen in his depictions of the inhumanity of the incipient capitalist order, despite the illusory romanticism and even irrationalism to which he holds fast. By contrast, such irrationalist strands are not to be found in the novels of Balzac considered here, as well as no illusions regarding the possibility of a return to a “golden age” before the capitalist process of reification had begun. Thus these novels of Balzac are not characterized by the problematic tendencies at work in those of Dostoevsky, and this fact, it is argued here, compels us to follow Lukács in according priority to Balzac.
Evaluation of Biomarkers in Multiple Ipsilateral Synchronous Invasive Breast Carcinomas
Authors: Navale Pooja , Bleiweiss Ira J. , Jaffer Shabnam , Nayak Anupma 
Published: September 2018

Context.—The College of American Pathologists guidelines recommend testing additional tumor foci in multifocal invasive breast carcinomas for the biomarkers estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and HER2 only if the carcinomas show different morphologies or grades.Objective.—To assess clinical significance of testing for biomarkers in additional tumor foci in multifocal invasive breast tumors.Design.—Retrospective analysis of 118 patients diagnosed with ipsilateral synchronous multifocal breast carcinomas from January 2015 through March 2016 at Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, New York).Results.—Eighty-six cases were tested for at least 1 of the 3 biomarkers in additional tumor foci. Fifteen cases (17%) showed discordant staining between the 2 foci for at least one biomarker. Of the 7 of 67 ER-discordant cases (10%), 4 (57%) showed major variation from negative to positive expression, including 3 cases in which a smaller tumor focus was strongly positive for ER whereas the index tumor was negative. Similarly, within the 7 of 67 progesterone receptor–discordant cases (10%), 4 (57%) showed major variation from negative to positive, and in 3 cases with major discordance, the index tumor was negative for progesterone receptor, whereas a smaller focus was positive. A difference in HER2 expression was noted in 5 of 86 cases (6%). In only 5 of the 15 patients (33%) with discordant results, biomarker testing on additional foci would have been offered per the College of American Pathologists recommendations because of differences in histology or grading. Of the remaining 10 patients, 7 (70%) with positive results on smaller foci would have been deprived of appropriate adjuvant systemic treatment if the smaller focus had not been tested.Conclusions.—We propose that negative values expressed in the primary tumor be repeated routinely on additional ipsilateral synchronous tumors.
The stream power variation in a GIS environment as an index to evaluate the most 'sensitive' points of a river
Authors: De Rosa Pierluigi , Cencetti Corrado , Fredduzzi Andrea 
Published: September 2018

The note deals with the problem of measurement and variability, along the fluvial reaches of a hydrographic network, of the stream power, according to the original definition provided by Bagnold (1966) “The available power supply, or time rate of energy supply, to unit lenght of a stream is clearly the time rate of liberation in kinetic form of the liquid’s potential energy as it descends the gravity slope S”. In formula:
Ω = ρ g Q S
where: Ω = stream power per unit of flow length (W/m) ρ g = density x gravity acceleration = specific weight of the fluid (kg/m3) Q = liquid discharge (m3/s) S = slope of the considered reach (m/m).
Recent digital elevation models allow the calculation of channel gradient and consequently stream power with a finer spatial resolution, opening promising and novel opportunities to investigate river geomorphical processes and forms.
The work carried out consisted in defining and implementing a methodological approach that could be automated within a geographic information system and that meets two requirements: 1) use input data that is easy to find as DEM at a low resolution; 2) estimate, in the best possible way and on the basis of the available data, the stream power and its variability along the considered stream. In particular, the methodological approach has been implemented in GIS environment (GRASS Gis, Qgis), and it has been applied to a sample basin, highlighting the variability of Ω along the streams of a higher order (in practice the main stream and its most important tributaries). The sudden and more substantial variations of stream power were then related to the processes acting in the fluvial system.
This approach has made it possible to highlight how the erosion, solid transport and sedimentation phenomena occurring along the fluvial reaches (and the geomorphological and geologicalapplicative problems that these involve, especially in anthropized areas), are correlated precisely to abrupt variations (increase/decrease) of the ”power” available. Hence the idea that automated and standardized screening of stream power variability along a stream can be used as a preliminary diagnostic element to identify the most ”sensitive” points of the same, on which to concentrate subsequent investigations (field checks, to verify the causes), aimed at mitigating the risk due to the dynamics of the riverbed.
Novel Ultrasound Image Acquisition Protocol and Scoring System for the Pediatric Knee
Authors: Ting Tracy V. , Vega‐Fernandez Patricia , Oberle Edward J. , De Ranieri Deirdre , Bukulmez Hulya , Lin Clara , Moser David , Barrowman Nicholas J. , Zhao Yongdong , Benham Heather M. , Tasan Laura , Thatayatikom Akaluck , Roth Johannes ,   the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Ultrasound Workgroup
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThe use of musculoskeletal ultrasound is increasing among pediatric rheumatologists. Reliable scoring systems are needed for the objective assessment of synovitis. The aims of this study were to create a standardized and reproducible image acquisition protocol for B‐mode and Doppler ultrasound of the pediatric knee, and to develop a standardized scoring system and determine its reliability for pediatric knee synovitis.MethodsSix pediatric rheumatologists developed a set of standard views for knee assessment in children with juvenile arthritis. Subsequently, a comprehensive literature review, practical exercises, and a consensus process were performed. A scoring system for both B‐mode and Doppler was then developed and assessed for reliability. Interreader reliability or agreement among a total of 16 raters was determined using 2‐way single‐score intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis.ResultsTwenty‐one views to assess knee arthritis were initially identified. Following completion of practical exercises and subsequent consensus processes, 3 views in both B‐mode and Doppler were selected: suprapatellar longitudinal and medial/lateral parapatellar transverse views. Several rounds of scoring and modifications resulted in a final ICC of suprapatellar view B‐mode 0.89 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.86–0.92) and Doppler 0.55 (95% CI 0.41–0.69), medial parapatellar view B‐mode 0.76 (95% CI 0.68–0.83) and Doppler 0.75 (95% CI 0.66–0.83), and lateral parapatellar view B‐mode 0.82 (95% CI 0.75–0.88) and Doppler 0.76 (95% CI 0.66–0.84).ConclusionA novel B‐mode and Doppler image acquisition and scoring system for assessing synovitis in the pediatric knee was successfully developed through practical exercises and a consensus process. Study results demonstrate overall good‐to‐excellent reliability.
Mobile Phone Text Messages and Effect on Treatment Adherence in Patients Taking Methotrexate for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Mary Aurélien , Boursier Amélie , Desailly Henry Isabelle , Grados Franck , Séjourné Alice , Salomon Sarah , Fardellone Patrice , Brazier Michel , Goëb Vincent 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of weekly text messages on adherence in patients taking methotrexate (MTX) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThis prospective, randomized pilot, single‐site study included patients with RA stabilized using MTX alone or combined with biologics. Participants were randomized to 3 interventions: a standard consultation (controls), a 15‐minute pharmacist‐led counseling session, or the receipt of text message reminders. The change over time in the Compliance Questionnaire Rheumatology (CQR‐19) score between baseline and 6 months was defined as the primary outcome for adherence. Multivariable analyses and final adherence (as a composite outcome of the CQR‐19 score, the Girerd score, and the medication possession ratio) were probed in sensitivity tests. Rheumatologic scales, inflammation, and patient satisfaction were also analyzed.ResultsA total of 96 patients (mean ± SD Disease Activity Score in 28 joints 2.42 ± 1.03) were monitored. The change over time in the CQR‐19 score was significantly higher in the text message group (mean ± SD 3.32 ± 5.66; P = 0.02) than in the control group (mean ± SD 0.22 ± 6.56) and the pharmacist‐led counseling group (mean ± SD −0.14 ± 7.56). Multivariable logistic regression showed that text messages remained associated with an increase in the CQR‐19 score, independently of the baseline CQR‐19 score (odds ratio 3.63 [95% confidence interval 1.26–10.49]; P = 0.017). In the text message group, the increase in the CQR‐19 score was correlated with the Health Assessment Questionnaire score (r = −0.405, P = 0.021), and patient satisfaction was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in the control group.ConclusionOur results showed evidence of a positive impact of text messages on adherence to MTX treatment for RA. The clinical benefit and the ideal target patient remain to be determined.
Biomimetic Graphene Actuators Enabled by Multiresponse Graphene Oxide Paper with Pretailored Reduction Gradient
Authors: Han Dong‐Dong , Liu Yu‐Qing , Ma Jia‐Nan , Mao Jiang‐Wei , Chen Zhao‐Di , Zhang Yong‐Lai , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe strong interaction between water molecules and graphene oxide (GO) enables moisture‐responsive graphene actuators, revealing great potential for soft robots. However, current strategies for developing smart graphene actuators fail to tailor their material property gradient in a controlled manner, and the driving manner is usually limited to single stimulus actuation. Here, a facile preparation of humidity/thermal/light multiresponsive graphene actuators by sequential vacuum filtration of GO and reduced GO (RGO) aqueous solutions is reported. The photoreduction degree of RGO layer is tuned precisely beforehand by changing ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation time, and thus a pretailored reduction gradient along the normal direction of the GO/RGO bilayer paper would form in a highly controlled manner. Taking advantage of the competitive water adsorption between the GO and RGO layers, as well as the thermal‐, light‐promoted desorption, the GO/RGO bilayers deform in response to moisture, light, and temperature changes; and the deformation degree can be modulated by controlling the gradient of oxygen‐containing groups (OCGs). As a proof of principle, a humidity‐responsive graphene mimosa and a humidity/thermal/light multiresponsive graphene actuators are fabricated. The GO/RGO bilayer paper with pretailored reduction gradient holds great promise for easy fabrication of biomimetic actuators that enable performing predictable deformation.