bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformity of goods and transfer of risk in the international sales of goods: analysis under the rules of the CISG, Chinese law, and United Arab Emirates law
Authors: Al-Daboubi Derar , Mofleh Yusuf Ahmad , Al Zoubi Mohamed Abdel Khalek 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between the conformity of goods and risk transfer under the Civil Code of China, the UAE Civil Transactions Law, and the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). The findings presented in this article consolidate the requirements of conformity of goods in the context of risk transfer between contracting parties and point out the variation between these legal documents in terms of the interpretation of the conformity of goods concept, which would play an influential role in the operation of the passing of risk. Furthermore, recommendations are offered for legislators in China and the United Arab Emirates to bridge the gap between their approaches and the international approach outlined in the CISG regarding the interpretation of the requirement of goods’ conformity in the context of risk transfer. These recommendations align with the international principle of harmonizing and unifying international commercial rules concerning risk transfer in international sale of goods contracts.
Gaining and losing on the way: the evolutionary scenario of reproductive diversification in genus Urodasys (Macrodasyida: Gastrotricha) inferred by multi-gene phylogeny
Authors: Cesaretti Agata , Kosakyan Anush , Saponi Francesco , Todaro M Antonio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The microscopic members of the genus Urodasys are easily recognizable due to their exceptionally long tail. There are 17 described species within this iconic genus, each distinguished by various sexual organ arrangements and reproduction modalities, including the sole known ovoviviparous gastrotrich species. The remarkable variety in reproductive characteristics has captured the interest of researchers aiming to illuminate its origin and evolution. The recent discovery of a species bearing a novel set of reproductive structures has challenged early hypotheses. However, all the evolutionary scenarios put forward need to be more convincing. To gain deeper insight into the evolutionary history of these iconic animals, we obtained the nucleotide sequence of two nuclear genes and one mitochondrial gene from species’ representatives of the four known possible combinations of the reproductive apparatus and reproduction modalities. The multi-gene data matrix was analysed phylogenetically using three approaches. The analyses yielded phylogenetic trees with invariant topology. In all cases, the specimens appear organized in four robustly supported clades and subclades that reflect their reproductive system organization. Our results suggest that the sclerotized stylet evolved inside the copulatory organ before the loss of the left testis and offers a new scenario for the evolutionary history of genus Urodasys.
To activate NAD(P)H oxidase with a brief pulse of photodynamic action
Authors: Xie Xiao Bing , Shu Yu , Cui Zong Jie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidases (NOX) are a major cellular source of reactive oxygen species, regulating vital physiological functions, whose dys‐regulation leads to a plethora of major diseases. Much effort has been made to develop varied types of NOX inhibitors, but biotechnologies for spatially and temporally controlled NOX activation, however, are not readily available. We previously found that ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation activates NOX2 in rodent mast cells, to elicit persistent calcium spikes. NOX2 is composed of multiple subunits, making studies of its activation rather complicated. Here we show that the single‐subunit nonrodent‐expressing NOX5, when expressed ectopically in CHO‐K1 cells, is activated by UVA irradiation (380 nm, 0.1–12 mW/cm2, 1.5 min) inducing repetitive calcium spikes, as monitored by Fura‐2 fluorescent calcium imaging. UVA‐elicited calcium oscillations are inhibited by NOX inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) and blocked by singlet oxygen (1O2) quencher Trolox‐C (300 μM). A brief pulse of photodynamic action (1.5 min) with photosensitizer sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (SALPC 2 μM, 675 nm, 85 mW/cm2) in NOX5‐CHO‐K1 cells, or with genetically encoded protein photosensitizer miniSOG fused to N‐terminus of NOX5 (450 nm, 85 mW/cm2) in miniSOG‐NOX5‐CHO‐K1 cells, induces persistent calcium oscillations, which are blocked by DPI. In the presence of Trolox‐C, miniSOG photodynamic action no longer induces any calcium increases in miniSOG‐NOX5‐CHO‐K1 cells. DUOX2 in human thyroid follicular cells SW579 and in DUOX2‐CHO‐K1 cells is similarly activated by UVA irradiation and SALPC photodynamic action. These data together suggest that NOX is activated with a brief pulse of photodynamic action.
Mixing Metals During Operative Fixation and Reconstruction in the Appendicular Skeleton: Does Theoretical In Vivo Galvanization Cause Clinically Detrimental Outcomes?
Authors: Attenasio Andrea , Hong Ian S. , Zapf Christian G. , Bhalla Aditya Paul , Shah Sachin D. , Dziadosz Daniel R. , Jankowski Jaclyn M. , Yoon Richard S. , Liporace Frank A. 
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Traditional training and teaching have advised against mixing varying metal types to avoid the potential for in vivo galvanization and corrosion. The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze patients who have undergone operative reconstruction with mixed metal (MM) constructs to report any related complications.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Single Level II trauma center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients who underwent trauma and/or arthroplasty surgery at a single Level II trauma center between 2017 and 2022 with “mixed” fixation defined as contact or proximity within the bone (≤ 10 mm) with complete radiographs, medical records, and minimum 1 year follow-up were eligible for study inclusion.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
The primary outcome measure was incidence of corrosion directly related to hardware complications causing unplanned reoperation.

RESULTS:
The final analysis included 56 patients (67.9% women), with a mean age of 62.0 ± 16.6 years, mean body mass index of 28.9 ± 8.4 kg/m2, and mean Charlson comorbidity index of 2.5 ± 1.8. Seventy-three percent of the MM implants had direct metal-on-metal contact, and the average distance between noncontacting metals was 0.32 ± 0.28 cm. The most common combination of metals was titanium + stainless steel (69.6%). At an average postoperative follow-up of 25.9 ± 19.6 months, hardware-related complications were observed in 15 (26.8%) patients, with reoperation due to hardware complications in 12 (21.4%) within 18.5 ± 15.8 months. No evidence of metal-on-metal galvanic corrosion was observed on radiographic evaluation at an average of 25.9 ± 19.6 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients who received MM implants showed no radiographic or clinical signs of corrosion. Although theoretical concerns exist regarding use of MM implants, these findings suggest that the consequence of such combinations in clinical practice may not be as significant.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Distinct immune microenvironment of venous tumor thrombus in hepatocellular carcinoma at single-cell resolution
Authors: Zhou Kai-Qian , Zhong Yu-Chen , Song Min-Fang , Sun Yun-Fan , Zhu Wei , Cheng Jian-Wen , Xu Yang , Zhang Ze-Fan , Wang Peng-Xiang , Tang Zheng , Zhou Jian , Zhang Li-Ye , Fan Jia , Yang Xin-Rong 
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:
Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) worsens the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by increasing intrahepatic dissemination and inducing portal vein hypertension. However, the immune characteristics of PVTT remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the immune microenvironment in PVTT.

Approach and Results:
Time-of-flight mass cytometry revealed that macrophages and monocytes were the dominant immune cell type in PVTT, with a higher proportion than in primary tumor and blood (54.1% vs. 26.3% and 9.1%, p<0.05). The differentially enriched clustering of inhibitory and regulatory immune cells in PVTT indicated an immune-suppressive environment. According to the single-cell RNA sequencing, TAM-C5AR1 was characterized by leukocyte chemotaxis and was the most common subpopulation in PVTT (36.7%). Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry staining showed that the C5aR+ TAM/Mφ were enriched in PVTT compared to both the primary tumor and liver and positively correlated with C5a (r=0.559, p<0.001). Notably, THP-1 (monocyte cell line) was recruited by CSQT2 (PVTT cell line) and exhibited up-regulation of CD163, CD206, and PD-L1 upon stimulation. C5aR antagonist could reverse this. C5aR+ TAMs could also inhibit Granzyme B in CD8+ T cells. High infiltration of C5aR+ TAMs in PVTT correlated with poor differentiation (p<0.009) and was a risk factor for overall survival (p=0.003) and for reformation of PVTT after resection (p=0.007).

Conclusions:
TAMs, especially C5aR+ TAMs, were enriched in PVTT. C5aR+ TAMs contribute to the development of PVTT and poor prognosis by reshaping the immunosuppressive environment.
Racial and regional disparities in the risk of noncommunicable disease between sub-Saharan black and European white patients
Authors: Yu Yu-Ling , An De-Wei , Chori Babangida S. , Kaleta Błażej P. , Mokwatsi Gontse , Martens Dries S. , Abiodun Olugbenga O. , Anya Tina , Łebek-Szatańska Agnieszka , Yeh Jong-Shiuan , Mels Catharina M.C. , Latosinska Agnieszka , Kruger Ruan , Isiguzo Godsent , Narkiewicz Krzystof , Shehu Muhammad N. , Salazar Martin , Espeche Walter , Mujaj Blerim , Brgulian-Hitij Jana , Olszanecka Agnieszka , Wojciechowska Wiktoria , Reyskens Peter , Rajzer Marek , Januszewicz Andrzej , Stolarz-Skrzypek Katarzyna , Asayama Kei , Allegaert Karel , Verhamme Peter , Mischak Harald , Nawrot Tim S. , Odili Augustine N. , Staessen Jan A. ,   the UPRIGHT-HTM investigators∗
Published: December 2024

Objectives:
Greater vulnerability of Black vs. White individuals to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well charted in the United States, but studies involving sub-Saharan blacks are scarce.

Methods:
Baseline data (2021–2024) were collected in 168 sub-Saharan Blacks and 93 European Whites in an ongoing clinical trial (NCT04299529), using standardized patient selection criteria. Data included clinical and biochemical risk factors, ECG and echocardiographic traits, Framingham CVD risk, CKD grades (KDIGO 2024), self-assessed symptoms (WHO questionnaire), and urinary proteomic profiles predictive of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and CKD, HF1, and CKD273, respectively. Racial comparisons rested on unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted analyses.

Results:
Despite being younger (60.4 vs. 68.3 years), blacks had a worse risk profile, as evidenced by higher diabetes prevalence, higher BMI, faster heart rate, unfavourable serum cholesterol fractions, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, microalbuminuria, and sedentary lifestyle. This resulted in blacks having higher 10-year CVD risk, higher heart age (index of vascular ageing with chronological age as reference), and a worse CKD grades. In both races, CKD273 increased with CKD grade, but CKD273 and HF1 were not different by race. These observations were robust in subgroup and adjusted analyses.

Conclusion:
This study did not differentiate host (genetic, molecular, and pathogenic) from environmental drivers of disease. Nonetheless, the findings call for a multipronged and comprehensive implementation of innovative health policies in sub-Saharan countries. Education, research, empowerment of stakeholders, and international learned societies connecting experts from a wide array of disciplines should vigorously sustain this effort.
Pediatric Patients With Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Long-term Respiratory and Neurologic Outcomes
Authors: Patel Dimple , Kragel Emily A. , Liu Shih-Dun , Sonne Chris , Zhu Shiyun , Malhotra Amit , Van Haren Keith P. , Ritterman Weintraub Miranda , Kane Miranda 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), an infection-mediated neurologic condition, may be accompanied by respiratory failure and subsequent variable recovery. This study assessed and provided prescriptive data on long-term respiratory and neurologic outcomes according to respiratory status at the time of presentation.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study using a large, single-payer healthcare database to identify children 1–18 years old, diagnosed with AFM between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2019. Descriptive statistics described the overall cohort and the cohort by respiratory failure status. Bivariate analyses evaluated incidence rate ratios of outcome data, comparing those with respiratory failure to those without.

Results:
A total of 37 patients met the study criteria for AFM; 28 were from a previously established cohort. Median follow-up time was 4.7 years [interquartile range (IQR): 2.39–6.06]. Overall incidence rate of AFM over the study period was 0.6 per 100,000 person-years. Eight patients (21.6%) had respiratory failure during the index hospitalization. Among children with respiratory failure, 6 patients (75%) required follow-up respiratory support. Those with respiratory failure had higher Modified Rankin Scores [mean difference 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34–2.23] and a higher rate of respiratory-related emergency and in-hospital visits (incidence rate ratios 1.94; 95% CI: 1.27–2.96) compared to those without respiratory failure.

Conclusions:
Having respiratory failure at presentation was observed to have worse outcomes, including the need for long-term respiratory support, higher healthcare utilization, and prolonged neurologic deficits. This study contributes to the scant literature on pediatric patients with AFM.
Cognitive considerations for adults with sickle cell disease completing the brief pain inventory
Authors: O'Brien Julia A. , Drake Jermon A. , Bearden Donald J. , Ono Kim E. , Sil Soumitri , Cohen Lindsey L. , Karras Alana , Novelli Enrico M. , Jonassaint Charles R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Accurate assessment of pain severity is important for caring for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The Brief Pain Inventory was developed to address limitations of previous pain-rating metrics and is available in a short form (BPI-SF). However, the BPI-SF is a self-report scale dependent on patient comprehension and interpretation of items.

Objective:
To examine patterns in how patients completed the BPI-SF and determine whether incorrectly completing the BPI-SF was related to cognitive functioning or education.

Methods:
A secondary analysis was completed using data from a study examining brain aging and cognitive impairment in SCD. T-tests were performed to examine whether neurocognitive function (immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial skills, attention, and language), word reading, and years of education differed based on correct BPI-SF completion.

Results:
The sample (n = 71) was 43.7% male, 98.6% African American or mixed race. Of that, 53.5% had sickle cell anemia, and the mean years of education was 13.6. Overall, 21.1% of participants (n = 15) incorrectly completed the BPI-SF pain severity items, and 57.7% completed the body map item incorrectly. Those who completed the severity items incorrectly had statistically significant differences in education. Group differences in neurocognitive function were no longer significant after familywise error rates were controlled for. Literacy was not associated with error rates.

Conclusion:
Education level may influence patients' ability to correctly complete the BPI-SF. Findings suggest that careful consideration is warranted for use of the BPI in patients with SCD. Recommended revisions to the BPI include simplifying the language, shortening sentence length, and clearly specifying the timeframes.
Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet and Trajectories of Depressive Symptomatology in Youth
Authors: Pu Yiwei , Tan Hangyu , Huang Runqi , Du Wenchong , Luo Qiang , Ren Tai , Li Fei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe rising prevalence of youth depression underscores the need to identify modifiable factors for prevention and intervention. This study aims to investigate the protective role of Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet on depressive symptoms in adolescents.MethodsParticipants were identified from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Adherence to the MIND diet was measured by the Child Nutrition Assessment or the Block Kids Food Screener. Depressive symptoms were measured annually using the Child Behavior Checklist’s depression subscale. We utilized regression analyses and cross-lagged panel modeling (CLPM) to examine longitudinal associations. Additional analyses adjusted for polygenic risk scores for depression, and changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio.ResultsOf the 8,459 children (52.3% male; mean age 10.9 [SD, 0.6] years), 2,338 (27.6%) demonstrated high MIND diet adherence, while 2,120 (25.1%) showed low adherence. High adherence was prospectively associated with reduced depressive symptoms (adjusted β, -0.64, 95% CI, -0.73 to -0.55) and 46% lower odds of clinically relevant depression (adjusted odds ratio, 0.54, 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.75) at two-year follow-up. CLPM analyses showed significant cross-lag paths from MIND diet scores to less depressive symptoms across three time points. These associations persisted independently of changes in BMI and waist-to-height ratios, and were not significantly moderated by genetic predisposition to depression.ConclusionsHigher adherence to the MIND dietary pattern was longitudinally associated with decreased risk of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Promoting MIND diet may represent a promising strategy for depression prevention in adolescent populations.
Ablation of sympathetic nerve-β3 adrenergic receptor-mediated adipose tissue lipolysis attenuates alcohol-induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Wickramasinghe Piumi , Caron Alexandre , Eadha Sreeja , Parupalli Preethi , Ganapavarapu Sarvani , Elmquist Joel , Liu Chen , Jia Lin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND & AIMSBinge drinking causes fat accumulation in the liver and is a known risk factor for more severe forms of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Although adipocyte-released free fatty acids (FFA) have been shown to contribute to alcohol-induced liver damage, the signaling pathways that trigger lipolytic activity in adipose tissues following acute alcohol overconsumption is largely unknown. Notably, activation of sympathetic nerve-β3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) plays a central role in sustained adipocyte lipolysis. However, whether this pathway is involved in acute alcohol-induced lipolysis remains unclear. We aimed to explore the effect of the sympathetic nerve-ADRB3-mediated pathway on adipocyte lipolytic action and fatty liver development following acute alcohol exposure.METHODSC57BL/6J mice were administered a single binge of alcohol to model acute alcohol exposure. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was injected systemically or locally to ablate sympathetic nerves. Mice lacking Adrb3 selectively in fat tissues (Adrb3FKO) were generated. White adipose tissue lipolysis, fatty liver development, and liver damage were investigated.RESULTSA single alcohol binge in C57BL/6J mice led to significant increases in white adipose tissue (WAT) norepinephrine (NE) content and plasma FFA levels, accompanied by the development of alcoholic hepatic steatosis. Acute alcohol-induced adipose tissue lipolysis and ALD were significantly mitigated by 6-OHDA-mediated systemic and fat tissue specific sympathetic nerve ablation. Deletion of Adrb3 in adipocytes protected mice from acute alcohol-induced adipose tissue lipolysis, hepatic fat accumulation, and liver injury.CONCLUSIONOur data indicate that binge drinking leads to the development of fatty liver and liver damage by activating adipose tissue sympathetic nerve-ADRB3-mediated lipolysis in mice.SUMMARYBinge drinking causes hepatic steatosis and liver injury through the activation of sympathetic nerve-β3 adrenergic receptor-stimulated white adipose tissue lipolysis and release of free fatty acids.Abstract Figure
Legumes as a substitute for red and processed meat, poultry, or fish, and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a large cohort
Authors: Langmann Fie , Ibsen Daniel B. , Johnston Luke W. , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Dahm Christina C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDietary recommendations have globally shifted towards promoting consumption of legumes as an environmentally friendly and healthy source of protein. This study investigated replacement of red and processed meat, poultry, or fish for equal amounts of legumes on the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsUK Biobank participants who completed ≥2 dietary assessments and had complete covariate information were included in the analyses (N=124,194). Information on dietary intake was collected using two to five 24-hour dietary assessments. Incident cases of NAFLD were determined through linkage to the National Health Service registries. The rate of developing NAFLD when replacing 80 g/week of red and processed meat, poultry, or fish with legumes was estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsDuring follow-up (median 10.49, IQR: 10.4-10.9 years), 1201 individuals developed NAFLD. Replacing 80 g/week red and processed meat or poultry with legumes was associated with 4% and 3% lower rates of NAFLD, respectively (meat HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94; 0.98; poultry HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95; 0.99). Replacing 80 g/week of fish with legumes was not associated with NAFLD (fish HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96; 1.01). Results did not change markedly after adjustment for BMI.ConclusionConsuming one serving of legumes weekly instead of red and processed meat or poultry was associated with a slightly lower rate of NAFLD, while consuming legumes instead of fish did not show an association with NAFLD. Further research in cohorts with higher legume consumption is needed to confirm these findings.HighlightsFood substitution models improve interpretation of studies of dietary exposures in observational studies.Replacing red and processed meat or poultry with legumes was associated with slightly lower rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the UK Biobank. No association was found when replacing fish with legumes.