bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote sensing of geomagnetic fields and atomic collisions in the mesosphere
Authors: Pedreros Bustos Felipe , Bonaccini Calia Domenico , Budker Dmitry , Centrone Mauro , Hellemeier Joschua , Hickson Paul , Holzlöhner Ronald , Rochester Simon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMagnetic-field sensing has contributed to the formulation of the plate-tectonics theory, mapping of underground structures on Earth, and the study of magnetism of other planets. Filling the gap between space-based and near-Earth observations, we demonstrate a remote measurement of the geomagnetic field at an altitude of 85–100 km. The method consists of optical pumping of atomic sodium in the mesosphere with an intensity-modulated laser beam, and ground-based observation of the resultant magneto-optical resonance near the Larmor precession frequency. Here we validate this technique and measure the Larmor precession frequency of sodium and the corresponding magnetic field with an accuracy level of 0.28 mG Hz−1/2. These observations allow the characterization of atomic-collision processes in the mesosphere. Remote detection of mesospheric magnetic fields has potential applications such as mapping magnetic structures in the lithosphere, monitoring space weather, and electric currents in the ionosphere.
An iris diaphragm mechanism to gate a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel
Authors: Marchesi Arin , Gao Xiaolong , Adaixo Ricardo , Rheinberger Jan , Stahlberg Henning , Nimigean Crina , Scheuring Simon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels are non-selective cation channels key to signal transduction. The free energy difference of cyclic-nucleotide (cAMP/cGMP) binding/unbinding is translated into mechanical work to modulate the open/closed probability of the pore, i.e., gating. Despite the recent advances in structural determination of CNG channels, the conformational changes associated with gating remain unknown. Here we examine the conformational dynamics of a prokaryotic homolog of CNG channels, SthK, using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). HS-AFM of SthK in lipid bilayers shows that the CNBDs undergo dramatic conformational changes during the interconversion between the resting (apo and cGMP) and the activated (cAMP) states: the CNBDs approach the membrane and splay away from the 4-fold channel axis accompanied by a clockwise rotation with respect to the pore domain. We propose that these movements may be converted by the C-linker to pull the pore helices open in an iris diaphragm-like mechanism.
A sustained change in the supply of parental care causes adaptive evolution of offspring morphology
Authors: Jarrett Benjamin J. M. , Evans Emma , Haynes Hannah B. , Leaf Miranda R. , Rebar Darren , Duarte Ana , Schrader Matthew , Kilner Rebecca M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough cooperative social interactions within species are considered an important driver of evolutionary change, few studies have experimentally demonstrated that they cause adaptive evolution. Here we address this problem by studying the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. In this species, parents and larvae work together to obtain nourishment for larvae from the carrion breeding resource: parents feed larvae and larvae also self-feed. We established experimentally evolving populations in which we varied the assistance that parents provided for their offspring and investigated how offspring evolved in response. We show that in populations where parents predictably supplied more care, larval mandibles evolved to be smaller in relation to larval mass, and larvae were correspondingly less self-sufficient. Previous work has shown that antagonistic social interactions can generate escalating evolutionary arms races. Our study shows that cooperative interactions can yield the opposite evolutionary outcome: when one party invests more, the other evolves to invest less.
Spin-momentum locking and spin-orbit torques in magnetic nano-heterojunctions composed of Weyl semimetal WTe2
Authors: Li Peng , Wu Weikang , Wen Yan , Zhang Chenhui , Zhang Junwei , Zhang Senfu , Yu Zhiming , Yang Shengyuan A. , Manchon A. , Zhang Xi-xiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpin–orbit torque has recently been intensively investigated for the purposes of manipulating the magnetization in magnetic nano-devices and understanding fundamental physics. Therefore, the search for novel materials or material combinations that exhibit a strong enough spin-torque effect has become one of the top priorities in this field of spintronics. Weyl semimetal, a new topological material that features open Fermi arc with strong spin–orbit coupling and spin–momentum locking effect, is naturally expected to exhibit an enhanced spin-torque effect in magnetic nano-devices. Here we observe a significantly enhanced spin conductivity, which is associated with the field-like torque at low temperatures. The enhancement is obtained in the b-axis WTe2/Py bilayers of nano-devices but not observed in the a-axis of WTe2/Py nano-devices, which can be ascribed to the enhanced spin accumulation by the spin–momentum locking effect of the Fermi arcs of the Weyl semimetal WTe2.
Bacterial dynamin-like proteins reveal mechanism for membrane fusion
Authors: Bramkamp Marc 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe dynamin superfamily of large GTPases comprises specialized members that catalyze fusion and fission of biological membranes. While fission-specific proteins such as dynamin work as homo-oligomeric complexes, many fusion catalysts such as mitofusins or bacterial dynamin-like proteins (DLPs) act as hetero-oligomers. However, so far it was unclear how these hetero-oligomeric DLPs assemble and how they function in membrane remodeling. The group of Harry Low report now on the structure of a DLP pair from Campylobacter jejuni, allowing detailed insight into the assembly mechanism and membrane tethering activity.
Diagnosis and treatment of schizotypal personality disorder: evidence from a systematic review
Authors: Kirchner Sophie K. , Roeh Astrid , Nolden Jana , Hasan Alkomiet 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe main objective of this review was to evaluate studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and course of schizotypal personality disorder and to provide a clinical guidance on the basis of that evaluation. A systematic search in the PubMed/MEDLINE databases was conducted. Two independent reviewers extracted and assessed the quality of the data. A total of 54 studies were eligible for inclusion: 18 were on diagnostic instruments; 22, on pharmacological treatment; 3, on psychotherapy; and 13, on the longitudinal course of the disease. We identified several suitable and reliable questionnaires for screening (PDQ-4+ and SPQ) and diagnosing (SIDP, SIDP-R, and SCID-II) schizotypal personality disorder. Second-generation antipsychotics (mainly risperidone) were the most often studied drug class and were described as beneficial. Studies on the longitudinal course described a moderate remission rate and possible conversion rates to other schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Because of the heterogeneity of the studies and the small sample sizes, it is not yet possible to make evidence-based recommendations for treatment. This is a systematic evaluation of diagnostic instruments and treatment studies in schizotypal personality disorder. We conclude that there is currently only limited evidence on which to base treatment decisions in this disorder. Larger interventional trials are needed to provide the data for evidence-based recommendations.
Shikonin Inhibits Tumor Growth in Mice by Suppressing Pyruvate Kinase M2-mediated Aerobic Glycolysis
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyue , Zhu Yanan , Hu Jianhua , Jiang Longwei , Li Limin , Jia Shaochang , Zen Ke 
Published: September 2018

AbstractShift metabolism profile from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) is a key for tumor cell growth and metastasis. Therefore, suppressing the tumor aerobic glycolysis shows a great promise in anti-tumor therapy. In the present study, we study the role of shikonin, a naphthoquinone isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Lithospermum, in inhibiting tumor aerobic glycolysis and thus tumor growth. We found that shikonin dose-dependently inhibited glucose uptake and lactate production in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and B16 melanoma cells, confirming the inhibitory effect of shikonin on tumor aerobic glycolysis. Treatment of shikonin also decreased tumor cell ATP production. Furthermore, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor or activator respectively altered the effect of shikonin on tumor cell aerobic glycolysis, suggesting that suppression of cell aerobic glycolysis by shikonin is through decreasing PKM2 activity. Western blot analysis confirmed that shikonin treatment reduced tumor cell PKM2 phosphorylation though did not reduce total cellular PKM2 level. In vitro assay also showed that shikonin treatment significantly promoted tumor cell apoptosis compared to untreated control cells. Finally, when mice implanted with B16 cells were administered with shikonin or control vehicle, only shikonin treatment significantly decreased B16 tumor cell growth. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that shikonin inhibits tumor growth in mice by suppressing PKM2-mediated aerobic glycolysis.
Large-scale 3-D interconnected Ni nanotube networks with controlled structural and magnetic properties
Authors: de la Torre Medina Joaquín , da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes Tristan , Velázquez Galván Yenni G. , Piraux Luc 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLarge-scale, electrically interconnected three-dimensional (3-D) Ni crossed nanotube networks have been fabricated using an electrochemical dealloying method within the crossed nanopores of polymer host membranes. This method paves the way for the easy and cost-effective fabrication of 3-D magnetic NT networks with precise spatial arrangement and diameter and wall thickness of 10–100 nm controlled individually. The excellent control over geometrical parameters and morphological features of the Ni crossed nanotube networks leads to tunable magnetic and magneto-transport properties. Particularly, the low field magneto-transport behavior is consistent with the expected vortex-like states formed in different segments of the nanotube scaffold, whereas nucleation of domain walls at the intersection of the nanowire segments play a dominant role in the solid crossed nanowire networks counterpart. The present 3-D networks of nanomagnets are of special interest due to their potential for memory devices, computing architectures, sensing and biomedical applications.
Molecular diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from invasive infections in Poland (1997–2013)
Authors: Kuch Alicja , Goc Anna , Belkiewicz Katarzyna , Filipello Virginia , Ronkiewicz Patrycja , Gołębiewska Agnieszka , Wróbel Izabela , Kiedrowska Marlena , Waśko Izabela , Hryniewicz Waleria , Lomonaco Sara , Skoczyńska Anna 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe epidemiology of invasive listeriosis in humans appears to be weakly characterized in Poland, the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. We obtained antimicrobial susceptibility data, PCR-serogroups and genotypic profiles for 344 invasive isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, collected between 1997 and 2013 in Poland. All isolates were susceptible to the 10 tested antimicrobials, except one that was resistant to tetracycline and minocycline and harbored the tet(M), tet(A) and tet(C) genes. Overall, no increasing MIC values were observed during the study period. Four PCR-serogroups were observed: IVb (55.8%), IIa (34.3%), IIb (8.1%) and IIc (1.8%). We identified clonal complexes (CCs) and epidemic clones (ECs) previously involved in outbreaks worldwide, with the most prevalent CCs/ECs being: CC6/ECII (32.6%), CC1/ECI (17.2%), CC8/ECV (6.1%) and CC2/ECIV (5.5%). The present study is the first extensive analysis of Polish L. monocytogenes isolates from invasive infections.
The complexity of hemodynamic response to the tilt test with and without nitroglycerine provocation in patients with vasovagal syncope
Authors: Buszko Katarzyna , Piątkowska Agnieszka , Koźluk Edward , Fabiszak Tomasz , Opolski Grzegorz 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe paper presents a comparison of vasovagal syndrome occurrence in a head up tilt table test between patients with a positive result of passive tilt test and those with a positive result after pharmacological provocation. The study group consisted of 80 patients: 57 patients who experienced syncope in the passive phase of the test (43 women (aged: 35.6 ± 16.2) and 14 men (aged: 41.7 ± 15.6) and 23 patients who experienced syncope after pharmacological provocation (17 women (age: 32.3 ± 12) and 6 men (age: 43 ± 15). The main investigation was based on the assessment of monitored signals complexity: heart rate, blood pressure and stroke volume. The analysis of complexity in chosen measurement phases was performed with Sample Entropy. The investigation showed that the reactions of autonomic nervous system during tilt test and before syncope are similar for positive result of passive tilt test and positive result of tilt test with provocation. The differences in supine position occurred only in analysis based on impedance measurement (SV: p = 0.01). Significant differences were denoted for all signals just before the syncope (RRI, sBP, dBP: p = 0,00001 and SV: p = 0.01). In analysis of signals complexity the significant differences occurred just before the syncope for Sample Entropy of blood pressure (SampEn (sBP): p = 0.0008, SampEn (dBP): p = 0,0001).
High interleukin-8 level in aqueous humor is associated with poor prognosis in eyes with open angle glaucoma and neovascular glaucoma
Authors: Chono Ikuyo , Miyazaki Dai , Miyake Hitomi , Komatsu Naoki , Ehara Fumie , Nagase Daisuke , Kawamoto Yukimi , Shimizu Yumiko , Ideta Ryuichi , Inoue Yoshitsugu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGlaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Purpose of this study was to identify molecular markers that were significantly correlated with presence of glaucoma and outcome of glaucoma surgery. To accomplish this, we determined the profiles of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor of 101 glaucoma patients; 31 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), 38 pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG), and 32 neovascular glaucoma (NVG). We also studied 100 normal subjects as controls. In eyes with POAG or PEG, the level of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-23, and CCL2 were significantly elevated. In the NVG eyes, many inflammatory cytokines were also highly elevated. IL-8 had the highest odds ratio, and levels of IL-8 and CCL2 were significantly correlated with preoperative IOP or visual field defects in PEG eyes. Principal component analysis showed that IL-8 had the highest association to the IOP-cytokine component, and Cox proportional hazard model indicated that an elevation of IL-8 was a significant risk of filtering surgery failure. Together with modeling of their interactions and prognosis, IL-8 elevation is a significant risk factor both for detecting and managing glaucoma and may serve as a therapeutic target candidate to improve the prognosis of glaucoma surgery.
Overcoming Carrier Concentration Limits in Polycrystalline CdTe Thin Films with In Situ Doping
Authors: McCandless Brian E. , Buchanan Wayne A. , Thompson Christopher P. , Sriramagiri Gowri , Lovelett Robert J. , Duenow Joel , Albin David , Jensen Søren , Colegrove Eric , Moseley John , Moutinho Helio , Harvey Steve , Al-Jassim Mowafak , Metzger Wyatt K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThin film materials for photovoltaics such as cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper-indium diselenide-based chalcopyrites (CIGS), and lead iodide-based perovskites offer the potential of lower solar module capital costs and improved performance to microcrystalline silicon. However, for decades understanding and controlling hole and electron concentration in these polycrystalline films has been extremely challenging and limiting. Ionic bonding between constituent atoms often leads to tenacious intrinsic compensating defect chemistries that are difficult to control. Device modeling indicates that increasing CdTe hole density while retaining carrier lifetimes of several nanoseconds can increase solar cell efficiency to 25%. This paper describes in-situ Sb, As, and P doping and post-growth annealing that increases hole density from historic 1014 limits to 1016–1017 cm−3 levels without compromising lifetime in thin polycrystalline CdTe films, which opens paths to advance solar performance and achieve costs below conventional electricity sources.
Circulating Pro-Uroguanylin Levels In Children And Their Relation To Obesity, Sex And Puberty
Authors: Folgueira Cintia , Barja-Fernández Silvia , Gonzalez-Saenz Patricia , Castelao Cecilia , Vázquez-Cobela Rocío , Pena-Leon Veronica , Ruiz-Piñon Manuel , Casanueva Felipe F. , Dieguez Carlos , Leis Rosaura , Nogueiras Rubén , Seoane Luisa M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUroguanylin is a 16 amino acid peptide that constitutes a key component of the gut- brain axis with special relevance in body weight regulation. In childhood and adolescence, periods of life with notable metabolic changes; limited data exist, with measurements of pro-uroguanylin in adolescence but not in prepubertal children. This study investigates pro-uroguanylin circulating levels in children with obesity and its relationship with obesity, sex and pubertal development. We analyzed circulating prouroguanylin levels in 117 children (62) and adolescents (55), including 73 with obesity and 44 with normal weight. The pro-uroguanylin concentration is higher in lean girls during pre-puberty versus lean boys (1111 vs 635, p < 0.001). During puberty, pro-uroguanylin levels are higher in lean males with respect to lean females (1060 vs 698, p < 0.01). In girls, a negative correlation exists between pro-uroguanylin and age, Tanner stage, weight, height, BMI (body mass index), waist circumference and plasma levels of leptin and testosterone; a positive correlation was found between pro-uroguanylin and free triiodothyronine. In boys, a positive correlation was found between pro-uroguanylin and BMI and waist circumference and a negative correlation was found with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. We conclude that a sexual dimorphism exists in circulating pro-uroguanylin levels with respect to BMI. Uroguanylin presents also an opposed circulating pattern during puberty in both sexes.
Excitability regulation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during sustained instructed fear responses: a TMS-EEG study
Authors: Gonzalez-Escamilla Gabriel , Chirumamilla Venkata C. , Meyer Benjamin , Bonertz Tamara , von Grotthus Sarah , Vogt Johannes , Stroh Albrecht , Horstmann Johann-Philipp , Tüscher Oliver , Kalisch Raffael , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Groppa Sergiu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThreat detection is essential for protecting individuals from adverse situations, in which a network of amygdala, limbic regions and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) regions are involved in fear processing. Excitability regulation in the dmPFC might be crucial for fear processing, while abnormal patterns could lead to mental illness. Notwithstanding, non-invasive paradigms to measure excitability regulation during fear processing in humans are missing. To address this challenge we adapted an approach for excitability characterization, combining electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the dmPFC during an instructed fear paradigm, to dynamically dissect its role in fear processing. Event-related (ERP) and TMS-evoked potentials (TEP) were analyzed to trace dmPFC excitability. We further linked the excitability regulation patterns to individual MRI-derived gray matter structural integrity of the fear network. Increased cortical excitability was demonstrated to threat (T) processing in comparison to no-threat (NT), reflected by increased amplitude of evoked potentials. Furthermore, TMS at dmPFC enhanced the evoked responses during T processing, while the structural integrity of the dmPFC and amygdala predicted the excitability regulation patterns to fear processing. The dmPFC takes a special role during fear processing by dynamically regulating excitability. The applied paradigm can be used to non-invasively track response abnormalities to threat stimuli in healthy subjects or patients with mental disorders.
Non-invasive nanosecond electroporation for biocontrol of surface infections: an in vivo study
Authors: Novickij Vitalij , Zinkevičienė Auksė , Perminaitė Emilija , Čėsna Robertas , Lastauskienė Eglė , Paškevičius Algimantas , Švedienė Jurgita , Markovskaja Svetlana , Novickij Jurij , Girkontaitė Irutė 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInvasive infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are frequently responsible for fatal sepsis, morbidity and mortality rates. In this work, we propose a new methodology based on nanosecond high frequency electric field bursts, which enables successful eradication of bacteria in vivo. High frequency (15 kHz) 15–25 kV/cm 300–900 ns pulsing bursts were used separately and in combination with acetic acid (0.1–1%) to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a murine model. Acetic acid 1% alone was effective resulting in almost 10-fold reduction of bacteria viability, however combination of nanosecond electric field and acetic acid 1% treatment was the most successful showing almost full eradication (0.01% survival compared to control) of the bacteria in the contaminated area. The short duration of the pulses (sub-microsecond) and high frequency (kHz range) of the burst enabled reduction of the muscle contractions to barely detectable level while the proposed applicators ensured predominantly topical treatment, without electroporation of deeper tissues. The results of our study have direct application for treatment of wounds and ulcers when chemical treatment is no longer effective.
Revisiting Partial Hepatectomy of Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Older Patients
Authors: Chen Guoyong , Zhang Jiabin , Sun Jianjun , Wei Sidong , Chen Jianbin , Ren Hui , Zhou Shaotang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHepatectomy of large hepatocellular carcinomas (>10 cm) in over 70 year-old patients is presumed futile. We retrospectively reviewed 5970 patients with liver tumors Jan 2010 through Dec 2016 in our institute, of them, 37 older patients with large hepatocellular carcinomas staged I-III and Child-Pugh A liver functions receiving conservative treatments (conservative group, n = 37) and 16 older patients with large hepatocellular carcinomas staged I- III who underwent partial hepatectomy (resection group, n = 16) were included, the risk factors for poor survival were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Compared with the conservative treatments, Partial hepatectomy achieved better median survival time (25.5 months versus 11 months, log-rank = 0.0001) and better median performance status (1 versus 3, p = 0.023), there was different in Charlson comorbidity index (p = 0.019). For the conservative group, the 3-month, 1, 2, 3-year survival rate was 78.4%, 43.2%, 5.4%, 0%; for the resection group, The 3-month, 1, 2, 3-year survival rate was 100%, 93.7.2%, 56.3%, 12.5%; Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed the Charlson comorbidity index and the performance status associated with poor outcomes of those patients (p = 0.001, 0.018, respectively). Resections of large hepatocellular carcinomas in older patients can be performed safely to prolong life expectancy and improve life quality with or without cancer recurrence.