bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term organic carbon sequestration in tidal marsh sediments is dominated by old‐aged allochthonous inputs in a macrotidal estuary
Authors: Van de Broek Marijn , Vandendriessche Caroline , Poppelmonde Dries , Merckx Roel , Temmerman Stijn , Govers Gerard 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTidal marshes are vegetated coastal ecosystems that are often considered as hotspots of atmospheric CO2 sequestration. Although large amounts of organic carbon (OC) are indeed being deposited on tidal marshes, there is no direct link between high OC deposition rates and high OC sequestration rates due to two main reasons. First, the deposited OC may become rapidly decomposed once it is buried and, second, a significant part of preserved OC may be allochthonous OC that has been sequestered elsewhere. In this study we aimed to identify the mechanisms controlling long‐term OC sequestration in tidal marsh sediments along an estuarine salinity gradient (Scheldt estuary, Belgium and the Netherlands). Analyses of deposited sediments have shown that OC deposited during tidal inundations is up to millennia old. This allochthonous OC is the main component of OC that is effectively preserved in these sediments, as indicated by the low radiocarbon content of buried OC. Furthermore, OC fractionation showed that autochthonous OC is decomposed on a decadal timescale in saltmarsh sediments, while in freshwater marsh sediments locally produced biomass is more efficiently preserved after burial. Our results show that long‐term OC sequestration is decoupled from local biomass production in the studied tidal marsh sediments. This implies that OC sequestration rates are greatly overestimated when they are calculated based on short‐term OC deposition rates, which are controlled by labile autochthonous OC inputs. Moreover, as allochthonous OC is not sequestered in‐situ, it does not contribute to active atmospheric CO2 sequestration in these ecosystems. A correct assessment of the contribution of allochthonous OC to the total sedimentary OC stock in tidal marsh sediments as well as a correct understanding of the long‐term fate of locally produced OC are both necessary to avoid overestimations of the rate of in‐situ atmospheric CO2 sequestration in tidal marsh sediments.
Wingless signaling regulates winner/loser status in Minute cell competition
Authors: Akai Nanami , Igaki Tatsushi , Ohsawa Shizue 
Published: February 2018

Cells heterozygously mutant for a ribosomal protein gene, called Minute/+ mutants, are eliminated from epithelium by cell competition when surrounded by wild‐type cells. Whereas several factors that regulate Minute cell competition have been identified, the mechanisms how winner/loser status is determined and thereby triggers cell competition are still elusive. To address this, we established two assay systems for Minute cell competition, namely (i) the CORE (competitive elimination of RpS3‐RNAi‐expressing cells) system in which RpS3‐RNAi‐expressing wing pouch cells are eliminated from wild‐type wing disc and (ii) the SURE (supercompetition of RpS3‐expressing clones in RpS3/+ tissue) system in which RpS3‐over‐expressing clones generated in RpS3/+ wing disc outcompete surrounding RpS3/+ cells. An ectopic over‐expression screen using the CORE system identified Wg signaling as a critical regulator of Minute cell competition. Activation of Wg signaling in loser cells suppressed their elimination, whereas down‐regulation of Wg signaling in loser cells enhanced their elimination. Furthermore, using the SURE system, we found that down‐regulation of Wg signaling in winner cells suppressed elimination of neighboring losers. Our observations suggest that cellular Wg signaling activity is crucial for determining winner/loser status and thereby triggering Minute cell competition.
A two‐sided medal: On the complexity of international comparative and collaborative team research
Authors: Kosmützky Anna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn recent years, more and more international comparative research has been conducted in internationally and geographically spread project teams and international research networks, and comparative research has become a fundamentally collaborative effort. Accordingly, research in such projects has to cope with a higher level of methodological complexity than non‐comparative research as well as with a particular sociocultural complexity. This complexity can have an influence on the research process and therefore on the quality and validity of the results, an issue that has so far not been discussed much, either in Higher Education research or beyond. Thus, this article refers to studies that provide empirical insights into comparative collaborative research teams and illuminates why international collaboration in comparative research projects is both a source of better solutions and of amplified complications and how they are interrelated. On this basis it provides a conceptual reflection and delineates dimensions of task‐related, methodological complexity and team diversity. While comparative research has specific methodological challenges that can be alleviated by international team collaboration, collaborative research has particular social challenges that can be aggravated in comparative research. The conclusion makes propositions for further analyses, discusses lessons for comparative Higher Education research and sets out implications for its institutional development.
A 20‐year historical prospective cohort study of root canal treatments. A Multilevel analysis
Authors: Prati C. , Pirani C. , Zamparini F. , Gatto M. R. , Gandolfi M. G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the number of healthy and functional root filled teeth of patients included in a recall programme for at least 20 years.MethodologyTeeth were root filled by a single specialist following manual canal instrumentation, lateral/vertical compaction of gutta‐percha and restored with glass–ionomer cements and bonding system/composite resin. In a large percentage of teeth, a metal‐ceramic crown was placed during follow‐up. Patients included in the recall programme (n = 130) were blindly assessed both clinically and radiographically (every 2 years) to evaluate clinical symptoms and periapical status (PAI). The following variables were analysed: age, tooth location, tooth type, initial diagnosis, PAI, root filling length and coronal restoration type. Chi‐square test and multilevel analysis were performed to detect variables associated with treatment functionality and disease/lesions (P < 0.05). A cumulative teeth survival curve was constructed by means of Kaplan–Meier using extractions as the end‐point.ResultsAt the 20‐year recall, 72 patients (31 M, 41 F; mean age 57.7 ± 8.29 years; 196 teeth) completed the follow‐up. Thirty‐six patients were excluded for medical complications or died before the end of the study. Drop‐outs consisted of 22 patients (17%) who did not complete the follow‐up. Single metal‐ceramic crowns were positioned after 4–6 months in 40% of teeth. Composite restorations were replaced with single metal‐ceramic crowns during the follow‐up in 53% of teeth after 8–19 years. Of 196 teeth, 155 were classified as Survived (79%), 128 of which (65%) were Healthy (PAI ≤ 2). Thirty‐nine teeth (20%) were extracted for nonendodontic reasons. Twenty‐nine teeth (15%) were classified as: re‐exacerbation (11 teeth; 5.6%) or persistent asymptomatic lesions (18 teeth; 9%). Only two re‐exacerbated teeth were extracted. Multilevel analysis confirmed the clinical relevance of tooth type (P = 0.001) on Survived and healthy teeth (P = 0.007). Tooth location (P = 0.0045) and initial diagnosis (P = 0.019) significantly affected only Healthy teeth.ConclusionsRoot filled teeth were more frequently extracted for non‐endodontic reasons rather than for endodontic disease. The majority of teeth with adequate root fillings, adequate restorations and included in a recall programme remained functional and healthy for more than 20 years.
Effects of ultrasonic removal of fractured files from the middle third of root canals on dentinal cracks: a micro‐computed tomography study
Authors: Fu M. , Huang X. , He W. , Hou B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the frequency of dentinal microcracks after ultrasonic removal of fractured files from the middle third of root canals using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT).MethodologyEighteen bilaterally matched pairs of human mandibular incisors extracted for periodontal reasons were included. The matched pairs of teeth were then divided into a control group and an experimental group, with one member of each pair assigned to each group. In the control group, the canals were instrumented using the ProTaper Next (PTN) system. In the experimental group, size 20 K‐files were fractured in the middle third of the root canals, followed by their ultrasonic removal. Subsequently, the canals were instrumented with the PTN system. All teeth were scanned using high‐resolution micro‐CT before (preoperative) and after (intraoperative) file removal and after (postoperative) root canal preparation. Pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative cross‐sectional images of the roots were screened to identify the presence of dentinal defects. Two experienced observers evaluated the images twice in a blinded manner. The incidence of dentinal microcracks was noted and statistically analysed using Fisher's exact and McNemar's tests (P = 0.05), with the root cross‐section and the tooth root as the units of analysis, respectively.ResultsAll fractured files in the experimental group were removed successfully. New microcracks were detected in 0.56% (93/16 472) cross‐sections (8/18 specimens) generated after file removal in the experimental group. These microcracks were detected 4–6 mm below the root canal orifice and exhibited a width and length of 12–36 μm and 48–72 μm, respectively. They did not disappear or propagate after canal preparation. No new dentinal microcracks were observed in the control group. There was a significant difference in the incidence of new microcracks between the two groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionsUltrasonic removal of fractured files from root canals resulted in the formation of short microcracks in a small number of cross‐sections in approximately half the specimens. Further studies are necessary to determine the cause and consequences of this finding.
Efficacy of MAS063DP lotion vs 0.02% triamcinolone acetonide lotion in improving post‐ablative fractional CO2 laser resurfacing wound healing: a split‐face, triple‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Lueangarun Suparuj , Tempark Therdpong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProven as effective acne scar treatment, ablative fractional carbon dioxide (AFCO2) laser requires post‐laser wound healing care. MAS063DP is a multicomponent nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory moisturizer for effective post‐laser treatment. This study compares the efficacy of MAS063DP and 0.02% triamcinolone acetonide (TA) lotion for post‐laser wound healing and complications. A split‐face, triple‐blinded, clinical study was performed in 16 patients, aged 20–50 years, receiving AFCO2 on both sides of the face, with MAS063DP on one side and 0.02% TA on the other side for 7 days twice daily. Digital photography, hemoglobin, and melanin index at baseline were obtained immediately after laser treatment and then at days 3, 5, 7, and 30. Erythema, edema, crusting, adverse effects, and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) were followed every visit. Sixteen patients, mean age 38.6 (8.4) years, with moderate–severe atrophic scar and skin phototype III–IV completed the study. Clinical improvement of edema, erythema, crusting, and hyperpigmentation was observed from day 3 to day 30 (P < 0.001), with no statistically significant difference in both groups. There was also no statistical difference of hemoglobin, melanin index, and texture at days 3, 5, 7, and 30. Melanin index at day 30 was significantly less than baseline in both MAS063DP and 0.02% TA. With PIH in 50% of cases, both treatments demonstrated good safety profiles and no serious adverse reactions. MAS063DP could be an effective treatment for post‐laser wound healing and complications, compatible to 0.02% TA.
Mast cell‐neural interactions contribute to pain and itch
Authors: Gupta Kalpna , Harvima Ilkka T. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryMast cells are best recognized for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, but increasing evidence supports their role in neurogenic inflammation leading to pain and itch. Mast cells act as a “power house” by releasing algogenic and pruritogenic mediators, which initiate a reciprocal communication with specific nociceptors on sensory nerve fibers. Consequently, nerve fibers release inflammatory and vasoactive neuropeptides, which in turn activate mast cells in a feedback mechanism, thus promoting a vicious cycle of mast cell and nociceptor activation leading to neurogenic inflammation and pain/pruritus. Mechanisms underlying mast cell differentiation, activation, and intercellular interactions with inflammatory, vascular, and neural systems are deeply influenced by their microenvironment, imparting enormous heterogeneity and complexity in understanding their contribution to pain and pruritus. Neurogenic inflammation is central to both pain and pruritus, but specific mediators released by mast cells to promote this process may vary depending upon their location, stimuli, underlying pathology, gender, and species. Therefore, in this review, we present the contribution of mast cells in pathological conditions, including distressing pruritus exacerbated by psychologic stress and experienced by the majority of patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis and in different pain syndromes due to mastocytosis, sickle cell disease, and cancer.
The controversial role of mast cells in fibrosis
Authors: Bradding Peter , Pejler Gunnar 
Published: February 2018

SummaryFibrosis is a medical condition characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix compounds such as collagen in tissues. Fibrotic lesions are present in many diseases and can affect all organs. The excessive extracellular matrix accumulation in these conditions can often have serious consequences and in many cases be life‐threatening. A typical event seen in many fibrotic conditions is a profound accumulation of mast cells (MCs), suggesting that these cells can contribute to the pathology. Indeed, there is now substantialv evidence pointing to an important role of MCs in fibrotic disease. However, investigations from various clinical settings and different animal models have arrived at partly contradictory conclusions as to how MCs affect fibrosis, with many studies suggesting a detrimental role of MCs whereas others suggest that MCs can be protective. Here, we review the current knowledge of how MCs can affect fibrosis.
Imaging of mast cells
Authors: Tikoo Shweta , Barki Natasja , Jain Rohit , Zulkhernain Nursafwana S. , Buhner Sabine , Schemann Michael , Weninger Wolfgang 
Published: February 2018

SummaryMast cells are a part of the innate immune system implicated in allergic reactions and the regulation of host‐pathogen interactions. The distribution, morphology and biochemical composition of mast cells has been studied in detail in vitro and on tissue sections both at the light microscopic and ultrastructural level. More recently, the development of fluorescent reporter strains and intravital imaging modalities has enabled first glimpses of the real‐time behavior of mast cells in situ. In this review, we describe commonly used imaging approaches to study mast cells in cell culture as well as within normal and diseased tissues. We further describe the interrogation of mast cell function via imaging by providing a detailed description of mast cell‐nerve plexus interactions in the intestinal tract. Together, visualizing mast cells has expanded our view of these cells in health and disease.
The role of mast cells in autoinflammation
Authors: Bonnekoh Hanna , Scheffel Jörg , Kambe Naotomo , Krause Karoline 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe concept of autoinflammation was proposed to define a new class of immune disorders categorized by self‐directed inflammation that is driven via activation of innate immune pathways. Within innate immunity, inflammasomes serve as intracellular signaling platforms to endogenous danger molecules and pathogens. Their key function is the cleavage of pro‐interleukin‐1β (pro‐IL‐1β) into its active form to promote inflammation and programmed cell death. A growing number of inflammasome sensors were described, among which NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is the best‐studied sensor. Besides macrophages, monocytes, and other innate immune cells, mast cells (MCs) were shown to express functional inflammasomes too. Also, MCs are both, a source and target of IL‐1β. Here we review the functional relevance and role of MC inflammasomes and MC‐derived IL‐1β in contributing to the inflammation at the skin, joints, and central nervous system in rare monogenic autoinflammatory conditions and also common inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
Human eosinophils and mast cells: Birds of a feather flock together
Authors: Robida Piper A. , Puzzovio Pier Giorgio , Pahima Hadas , Levi‐Schaffer Francesca , Bochner Bruce S. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryWhile the origin of the phrase “birds of a feather flock together” is unclear, it has been in use for centuries and is typically employed to describe the phenomenon that people with similar tastes or interests tend to seek each other out and congregate together. In this review, we have co‐opted this phrase to compare innate immune cells of related origin, the eosinophil and mast cell, because they very often accumulate together in tissue sites under both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. To highlight overlapping yet distinct features, their hematopoietic development, cell surface phenotype, mediator release profiles and roles in diseases have been compared and contrasted. What emerges is a sense that these two cell types often interact with each other and their tissue environment to provide synergistic contributions to a variety of normal and pathologic immune responses.
Internationally educated nurses in Canada: perceived benefits of bridging programme participation
Authors: Covell C.L. , Primeau M.D. , St‐Pierre I. 
Published: February 2018

AimTo examine internationally educated nurses' perceptions of the extent to which participating in bridging programmes is beneficial for preparing to practise nursing in Canada.BackgroundInternationally educated nurses continue to migrate from low‐income to high‐income countries. Many experience challenges when attempting to practise their profession in the destination country. Canada and other top destination countries offer educational support, such as bridging programmes, to assist internationally educated nurses' with preparing to practise nursing in the destination country. The research evidence falls short in demonstrating the usefulness of bridging programmes.MethodsA subsample of 360 internationally educated nurse participants from a Canadian cross‐sectional survey conducted in 2014. All were permanent residents, employed as regulated nurses and participants of bridging programmes. Multiple linear regression was employed to examine the influence of internationally educated nurses' human capital (academic preparation, language proficiency, professional experience) and the economic status of their source country on perceived benefits of bridging programme participation.ResultsRegression model explained 11.5% of variance in perceived benefits of bridging programme participation. Two predictors were statistically significant: source country and professional experience.ConclusionBridging programmes help internationally educated nurses address gaps in their cultural, practical and theoretical knowledge. Source country and amount of professionally experience influences the extent to which internationally educated nurses benefit from participating in bridging programmes in Canada.Implications for nursing policyProvides emerging evidence for decision‐makers globally when developing policies and supports to help internationally educated nurses integrate into the destination country's nursing workforce.
Potential spatial interaction of the invasive species Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) with native and endemic coccinellids
Authors: Alaniz A. J. , Grez A. A. , Zaviezo T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBiological invasions represent a serious menace to local species assemblages, mainly due to interspecific relationships such as competition and predation. One important invasive species worldwide is Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), which has invaded many regions of the world, threatening the native and endemic coccinellid assemblages due to negative interspecific interactions. These interactions have been widely studied at a local scale, but have been less studied at regional scales. Our aim was to estimate and analyse the potential spatial interaction associated with the co‐occurrence of H. axyridis with native and endemic species in Chile, considering bioclimatic and land cover variables. First, we created species distribution models (SDM) for H. axyridis, native and endemic coccinellids and six representative coccinellid species using maximum entropy technique. Then, we overlapped each SDM with land cover types to estimate the bioclimatic suitability within each land cover type. Finally, we identified the co‐occurrences of organisms according to the SDM and the land cover types, estimating in what land covers H. axyridis and the other coccinellids are more likely to co‐occur. Our results show that the suitable area for H. axyridis occurs from 30° to 42°S in Chile, while for native and endemic species this area is greater. The six selected species are mainly concentrated in central Chile, but differ in their potential suitable areas; Adalia angulifera Mulsant and Scymnus bicolor (Germain) have the largest range, and Mimoscymnus macula (Germain) has the most restricted one. The highest level of potential spatial interactions with H. axyridis occurs in central Chile, specifically in croplands and scrublands, and the lowest in primary native forest for all the species. Our results provide a spatially explicit baseline for coccinellid conservation and management of this invasive species.
Life‐history traits of the leatherjacket Meuschenia scaber, a long‐lived monacanthid
Authors: Visconti V. , Trip E. D. L. , Griffiths M. H. , Clements K. D. 
Published: February 2018

The present study describes the age and growth of the leatherjacket Meuschenia scaber, a common Australasian monacanthid and valued by‐catch of the inshore bottom trawl fishery in New Zealand. Age was determined from the sagittal otoliths of 651 individuals collected between July 2014 and March 2016 in the Hauraki Gulf of New Zealand. Otolith sections revealed alternating opaque and translucent zones and edge‐type analysis demonstrated that these are deposited annually. Meuschenia scaber displayed rapid initial growth, with both males and females reaching maturity in 1–2 years and 50% of both sexes matured at 1·5 years. Maximum age differed substantially between the sexes, at 9·8 years for males and 17·1 years for females. Growth rate was similar between sexes, although males reached greater mass at age than females in the early part of the lifespan. The length–mass relationship differed significantly between the sexes, with males displaying negative allometric growth and females isometric growth. Female condition was highest in July, declined in August with the onset of spawning and showed a slight peak in January and February, immediately following the spawning season. This study substantially extends the maximum longevity recorded for monacanthids, although males had much shorter lifespans and higher mortality, than females.