bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain assessment and pain treatment for community‐dwelling people with dementia: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Bullock Laurna , Bedson John , Jordan Joanne L. , Bartlam Bernadette , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Campbell Paul 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the current literature on pain assessment and pain treatment for community‐dwelling people with dementia.MethodA comprehensive systematic search of the literature with narrative synthesis was conducted. Eight major bibliographic databases were searched in October 2018. Titles, abstracts, and full‐text articles were sequentially screened. Standardised data extraction and quality appraisal exercises were conducted.ResultsThirty‐two studies were included in the review, 11 reporting findings on pain assessment tools or methods and 27 reporting findings on treatments for pain.In regard to pain assessment, a large proportion of people with moderate to severe dementia were unable to complete a self‐report pain instrument. Pain was more commonly reported by informal caregivers than the person with dementia themselves. Limited evidence was available for pain‐focused behavioural observation assessment.In regard to pain treatment, paracetamol use was more common in community‐dwelling people with dementia compared with people without dementia. However, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were used less. For stronger analgesics, community‐dwelling people with dementia were more likely to receive strong opioids (eg, fentanyl) than people without dementia.ConclusionThis review identifies a dearth of high‐quality studies exploring pain assessment and/or treatment for community‐dwelling people with dementia, not least into non‐pharmacological interventions. The consequences of this lack of evidence, given the current and projected prevalence of the disease, are very serious and require urgent redress. In the meantime, clinicians should adopt a patient‐ and caregiver‐centred, multi‐dimensional, longitudinal approach to pain assessment and pain treatment for this population.
Implementation of submandibular gland transfer: A multi‐institutional study of feasibility and time to treatment
Authors: Pang John , Ching Harry H. , Sobel Ryan H. , Orosco Ryan K. , Califano Joseph A. , Wang Robert C. , Sanghvi Parag , Coffey Charles S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSubmandibular gland transfer (SMGT) mitigates radiation‐induced xerostomia but has yet to be widely adopted. We evaluate the feasibility of incorporating SMGT at multiple academic institutions and report the incidence of treatment delay.MethodsForty‐nine patients were identified who underwent SMGT. Time points pertaining to diagnosis and key treatment events including SMGT, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation were extracted. Treatment delay was defined as either >60 days from diagnosis to definitive therapy or >6 weeks between surgery and adjuvant therapy.ResultsMedian time from diagnosis to primary treatment was 42 days (IQR, 32‐54). Median time from surgery to adjuvant therapy was 33 days (IQR, 28‐47). Delay in starting treatment was observed in 7/49 patients (14%). Six patients incurred a delay in postoperative radiation therapy (6/19; 32%).ConclusionsWith appropriate care coordination, SMGT can be implemented into a clinical pathway with a goal of decreasing radiation‐induced xerostomia without increasing treatment delays.
Disrupted‐in‐schizophrenia 1 overexpression disrupts hippocampal coding and oscillatory synchronization
Authors: Kaefer Karola , Malagon‐Vina Hugo , Dickerson Desiree D. , O'Neill Joseph , Trossbach Svenja V. , Korth Carsten , Csicsvari Jozsef 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAberrant proteostasis of protein aggregation may lead to behavior disorders including chronic mental illnesses (CMI). Furthermore, the neuronal activity alterations that underlie CMI are not well understood. We recorded the local field potential and single‐unit activity of the hippocampal CA1 region in vivo in rats transgenically overexpressing the Disrupted‐in‐Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene (tgDISC1), modeling sporadic CMI. These tgDISC1 rats have previously been shown to exhibit DISC1 protein aggregation, disturbances in the dopaminergic system and attention‐related deficits. Recordings were performed during exploration of familiar and novel open field environments and during sleep, allowing investigation of neuronal abnormalities in unconstrained behavior. Compared to controls, tgDISC1 place cells exhibited smaller place fields and decreased speed‐modulation of their firing rates, demonstrating altered spatial coding and deficits in encoding location‐independent sensory inputs. Oscillation analyses showed that tgDISC1 pyramidal neurons had higher theta phase locking strength during novelty, limiting their phase coding ability. However, their mean theta phases were more variable at the population level, reducing oscillatory network synchronization. Finally, tgDISC1 pyramidal neurons showed a lack of novelty‐induced shift in their preferred theta and gamma firing phases, indicating deficits in coding of novel environments with oscillatory firing. By combining single cell and neuronal population analyses, we link DISC1 protein pathology with abnormal hippocampal neural coding and network synchrony, and thereby gain a more comprehensive understanding of CMI mechanisms.
Macrophages significantly enhance wound healing in a vascularized skin model
Authors: Kreimendahl Franziska , Marquardt Yvonne , Apel Christian , Bartneck Matthias , Zwadlo‐Klarwasser Gabriele , Hepp Julia , Jockenhoevel Stefan , Baron Jens Malte 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTissue‐engineered dermo‐epidermal skin grafts could be applied for the treatment of large skin wounds or used as an in vitro wound‐healing model. However, there is currently no skin replacement model that includes both, endothelial cells to simulate vascularization, and macrophages to regulate wound healing and tissue regeneration. Here, we describe for the first time a tissue‐engineered, fully vascularized dermo‐epidermal skin graft based on a fibrin hydrogel scaffold, using exclusively human primary cells. We show that endothelial cells and human dermal fibroblasts form capillary‐like structures within the dermis whereas keratinocytes form the epithelial cell layer. Macrophages played a key role in controlling the number of epithelial cells and their morphology after skin injury induced with a CO2 laser. The activation of selected cell types was confirmed by mRNA analysis. Our data underline the important role of macrophages in vascularized skin models for application as in vitro wound healing models or for skin replacement therapy. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1340–1350, 2019.
Incident Fragility Fractures Have a Long-Term Negative Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life of Older People: The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study
Authors: Borhan Sayem , Papaioannou Alexandra , Gajic-Veljanoski Olga , Kennedy Courtney , Ioannidis George , Berger Claudie , Goltzman David , Josse Robert , Kovacs Christopher S , Hanley David A , Prior Jerilynn C , Morin Suzanne N , Kaiser Stephanie M , Cheung Angela M , Thabane Lehana , Adachi Jonathan ,   for the CaMos Research Group
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Although the short-term impact of incident fragility fractures on health-related quality of life (HRQL) of older people has been confirmed, we lack long-term evidence. We explored the impact of incident fragility fractures on HRQL, among people aged 50 years and older, using 10-year prospective data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). This study was based on data from 7753 (2187 men and 5566 women) participants of CaMos. The HRQL, measured through the Health Utility Index (HUI), was captured at baseline and year 10. The incident fragility fractures were recorded over 10 years of follow-up at spine, hip, rib, shoulder, pelvis, or forearm. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to measure the mean difference, termed as deficit, in the HUI scores for participants with and without fractures. We examined the effects of single or multiple fragility fractures, time (fractures that occurred between year 1 to 5 and 6 to 10) and recovery to the prefracture level. Incident spine and hip fractures were associated with significant deficits (varied from –0.19 to –0.07) on the HUI scores. Hip and spine fractures were associated with negative impact on mobility, self-care, and ambulation. Fractures that occurred closer to the follow-up assessment were associated with significant impact on HRQL compared to fractures occurring a long time before it, except for hip fracture (deficits lasted 5 years or longer). Similarly, multiple hip (–0.14), spine (–0.16), and rib (–0.21) fractures significantly impacted the HRQL of women. Women with a hip fracture never recovered to their prefracture level score (OR = 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.98). Our analysis suggests that single and multiple hip fractures as well as multiple spine and rib fractures strongly impact the HRQL of older people over a prolonged period of time. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Production and recovery of poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] of ultra‐high molecular weight using fed‐batch cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii OPNA strain
Authors: García Andrés , Pérez Diana , Castro Manuel , Urtuvia Viviana , Castillo Tania , Díaz‐Barrera Alvaro , Espín Guadalupe , Peña Carlos 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate P(3HB) is a bioplastic that is characterized for its biodegradability and biocompatibility and can be used in the biomedical field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the scaling‐up process at pilot level, for the production and recovery of P(3HB) synthesized by Azotobacter vinelandii OPNA strain, based on the use of fed‐batch fermentation coupled to a recovery method using nonhalogenated solvents (ethanol and acetone).RESULTSIn fed‐batch cultivations at the 3‐L scale, using yeast extract and sucrose of industrial grade with a carbon:nitrogen ratio of 14 and manipulating the agitation rate from 500 to 700 rpm to give a maximal biomass concentration of 33.8 ± 1.5 g L−1, P(3HB) concentrations of 29 ± 4.5 g L−1 were reached. By simulating the gassed volumetric power input observed in the 3‐L bioreactors at the different agitation rates (500 and 700 rpm), a scaling‐up to 30‐L bioreactors was performed. At this scale, the P(3HB) concentration, and productivity were similar or even better than those values obtained at the smaller scale. The production process was coupled to a P(3HB) separation process, in which the polymer was precipitated with ethanol and washed with acetone, reaching a purity close to 95% and a yield of 85%. The P(3HB) obtained was of ultra‐high molecular mass, with values of 5693 ± 615 kDa.CONCLUSIONIn this study a successful scaling‐up process for the production of P(3HB) of ultra‐high molecular weight at pilot scale was developed. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Regulation of the levels of health promoting compounds: lupeol, mangiferin and phenolic acids in the pulp and peel of mango fruit: a review
Authors: Vithana Mekhala DK , Singh Zora , Johnson Stuart K 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is a demand for feasible methodologies that can increase/maintain the levels of health‐promoting phytochemicals in horticultural produce, due to strong evidence that these compounds can reduce risk of chronic diseases. Mango (Mangifera indica L.), ranks fifth among the most cultivated fruit crops in the world, is naturally rich in phytochemicals such as lupeol, mangiferin and phenolic acids (e.g. gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and vanillic acid). Yet, there is still much scope for up‐regulating the levels of these compounds in mango fruit through manipulation of different preharvest and postharvest practices that affect their biosynthesis and degradation. The process of ripening, harvest maturity, physical and chemical elicitor treatments such as low temperature stress, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) and the availability of enzyme cofactors (Mg2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+) required in terpenoid biosynthesis were identified as potential determinants of the concentration of health‐promoting compounds in mango fruit. The effectiveness of these preharvest and postharvest approaches in regulating the levels of lupeol, mangiferin and phenolic acids in the pulp and peel of mango fruit will be discussed. In general spray application of 0.2% iron(II) sulphate (FeSO4) 30 days before harvest, harvest at sprung stage, storage of mature green fruit at 5 °C for 12 days prior to ripening, fumigation of mature green fruit with 10−5 mol L−1 and/or 10−4 mol L−1 MeJA for 24 h or 20 and/or 40 µL L−1 NO for 2 h upregulate the levels of lupeol, mangiferin and phenolic acids in pulp and peel of ripe mango fruit. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Selection of suitable species as a key factor for vegetation restoration of degraded areas in an open‐pit manganese‐ore mine in Southern China using multivariate‐analysis methods
Authors: Hou Xiaoyun , Liu Shiliang , Zhao Shuang , Beazley Robert , Cheng Fangyan , Wu Xue , Xu Jingwei , Dong Shikui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOpen‐pit mining results in large amounts of degraded lands that require ecological recovery. Adequate‐species selection for ecological recovery is of great importance. In this study, field investigations along the disturbance gradients (marginal area, restoration area, and control area) in a manganese ore deposit of Guangxi in Southern China were carried out. We screened the adequate species from two aspects. In the marginal area, the result of corrected Akaike information criterion revealed that Mn was the most important soil parameter affecting vegetation diversity. Cyclosorus parasiticus (L.) Farwell., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., Mimosa sepiaria Benth., and Bidens pilosa L. were selected for their abilities to adapt to high‐Mn‐content soils. In the restoration area and control area, we combined important values and field performance (Dickson quality index, DQI) of species to select adequate species. Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. and Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka were selected using the similar DQI (p > 0.05) in both areas. In summary, C. parasiticus (L.) Farwell., S. viridis (L.) Beauv., M. sinensis Anderss., and A. hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka were selected as adequate species because of their high potential to adapt to these disturbed sites. Our results and methodology could have a demonstrating effect for restoration programmes in manganese ore mining areas of China.
Mapping European ecosystem change types in response to land‐use change, extreme climate events, and land degradation
Authors: Horion Stéphanie , Ivits Eva , De Keersmaecker Wanda , Tagesson Torbern , Vogt Jürgen , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExtreme climate events and nonsustainable land use are important drivers altering the functioning of European ecosystems, resulting in loss of the services provided. Yet a consensus method for regular continental scale assessment of ecosystem condition in relation to land degradation (LD) is still lacking. Here, we propose a new remote sensing‐based approach allowing for improved, repeated assessment of changing pressure on terrestrial ecosystems. On the basis of segmented trend analysis of water‐use efficiency (WUE), a map of ecosystem change type (ECT) was produced over Europe for the period 1999 to 2013. Results were related to drought and change in land use and land cover and to known cases of soil degradation (LD case‐studies). More than 30% of the European ecosystems experienced significant changes in WUE, of which more than 20% were categorized as abrupt. Large‐scale positive reversals in WUE were observed over regions with increasing crop yield and intensification of wood production, whereas decreased WUE was observed over grassland areas coinciding with high farmland abandonment. Evidence of drought pressure on ecosystem functioning (EF) was observed, with abrupt changes in functioning observed during major European drought events. The ECTs also provided relevant information on the location and type of change in EF over the LD case studies. We conclude that mapping of gradual and abrupt changes in EF is expected to be valuable tool for ecosystem condition assessment that is essential for assessing the success of reaching the LD neutrality objectives set by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
Supplementation of All‐Trans‐Retinoic Acid Below Cytotoxic Levels Promotes Adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 Cells
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hwan , Lee Jeong‐Woong , Lee Kichoon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVitamin A, referred to as retinol, is an essential nutrient that affects the cell growth and differentiation including adipogenesis. Although previous studies using supraphysiological doses (over 1 μM) of all‐trans‐retinoic acid (atRA) demonstrated antiadipogenic activity, effects of atRA at various levels on differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes have not been extensively investigated. Our study showed that the amount of cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) and intensities of Oil‐Red‐O staining were decreased by supplementing atRA (1 and 10 μM) but increased by low concentrations of atRA (0.01 to 100 nM) compared with the control. Also PPARγ and FABP4 were gradually overexpressed by atRA up to 1 nM but decreased at over 1 nM concentrations. Moreover, mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) and consequential growth‐arrest were analyzed as important steps in adipogenesis of 3T3‐L1 cells. The 1 nM group showed more cell proliferation and thereafter a higher ratio of the G0/G1 phase on Day 2. Protein levels of S/G2‐phase factors were dose dependently increased by atRA up to 1 nM on Day 1, but the factors were highly expressed in higher doses on Day 2. G0/G1 markers were higher at the higher doses of atRA on Day 1; whereas, they were highly expressed in mild or medium doses on Day 2. These data indicate that atRA controls adipogenesis with accompanied changes in cell proliferation and follow‐up growth‐arrest. These results indicate that atRA can function both as a negative and positive regulator of adipogenesis depending on dosages, providing a strategy for achieving proper nutritional balance for treatment of obesity.
Service supply chains for population health: Overcoming fragmentation of service delivery ecosystems
Authors: Rouse William B. , Johns Michael M.E. , Pepe Kara M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionPopulation health involves integration of health, education, and social services to keep a defined population healthy, to address health challenges holistically, and to assist with the realities of being mortal. The fragmentation of the US population health delivery system is addressed. The impacts of this fragmentation on the treatment of substance abuse in the United States are considered. Innovations needed to overcome this fragmentation are proposed.ApproachTreatment capacity issues, including scheduling practices, are discussed. Costs of treatment and lack of treatment are considered. Models of integrated care delivery are reviewed. Potential innovations from systems science, behavioral economics, and social networks are considered. The implications of these innovations are discussed in terms of information technology (IT) systems and governance.ConclusionsEnormous savings are possible with more integrated treatment. Based on a range of empirical findings, it is argued that investments of these resources in integrated delivery of care have the potential to dramatically improve health outcomes, thereby significantly reducing the costs of population health.
Reversible Bonding of Aromatic Thermosetting Copolyesters for In‐Space Assembly
Authors: Meyer Jacob L. , Bakir Mete , Lan Pixiang , Economy James , Jasiuk Iwona , Bonhomme Gaëtan , Polycarpou Andreas A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractReversible bonding is an attractive option for assembly and disassembly of reconfigurable space structures due to the simplicity of the fastening concept. Interchain transesterifications reaction [ITR—a type of dynamic covalent exchange reactions afforded by aromatic thermosetting copolyesters (ATSP)] between two ATSP coatings can successfully be used as a reversible bonding concept, provided that the mode of debonding is completely cohesive (rather than adhesive or delaminatory from metal substrate). An optimization study is carried out on the ITR bonding for which ATSP coating is applied on 7075 aluminum substrates and bond/debond experiments are carried out using a custom‐built tool kit. The toolkit enables precise control over bonding pressure, temperature, and contact time. Bonding conditions are optimized to produce complete cohesive failure with maximized bonding strength. Optimized bonding parameters are successfully implemented to realize 50 cycles of bond/debond process without compromising adhesive strength. Experiments show a debonding strength of 28.7 MPa for the 51st cycle at room temperature—significantly in excess of prior highest reversible bonding strength results found in the literature. These results, in addition to the high thermal stability and glass transition temperature of the base polymer, indicate viability of this reversible bonding concept for in‐space assembly.
Waterproof and Breathable Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes
Authors: Yu Xi , Wu Xiaohui , Si Yang , Wang Xianfeng , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWaterproof and breathable (W&B) membranes combine fascinating properties of resistance to liquid water penetration and transmitting of water vapor, playing a key role in addressing problems related to health, resources, and energy. Electrospinning is an efficient and advanced way to construct nanofibrous materials with easily tailored wettability and adjustable pore structure, therefore providing an ideal strategy for constructing W&B membranes. In this review, recent progress on electrospun W&B membranes is summarized, involving materials design and fabrication, basic properties of electrospun W&B membranes associated with waterproofness and breathability, as well as their applications. In addition, challenges and future trends of electrospun W&B membranes are discussed.