bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risks and prevalence of pressure ulcers among patients in an acute hospital in Finland
Authors: Koivunen Marita , Hjerppe Anna , Luotola Eija , Kauko Tommi , Asikainen Paula 
Published: February 2018

Objective: To quantify pressure ulcer (PU) prevalence and to describe and identify the PU risk factors in acute hospital wards. Method: A descriptive quantitative study was performed in 13 wards in a central hospital in Finland. The study included PU risk evaluation using the Braden risk assessment method, and full skin and medical assessment of consenting adult patients. Patients in paediatric, maternity and psychiatric wards, and in the intensive care unit were excluded. Patient's PUs were examined on the ward, and evaluated and classified using the international European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP/NPUAP) Pressure Ulcer Classification System. Demographic data, the Braden risk assessment scale, skin assessment, and the location and severity of PUs were also recorded. Results: A sample of 229 inpatients was examined for signs of PUs on one day in 2013. The overall PU prevalence was 8.7% (20 patients). Of those assessed as ‘at risk of developing PUs’, four patients (1.7%) were considered at ‘very high risk’, 39 patients (17.0%) at ‘high risk’, and 60 patients (26.2%) with a ‘moderate risk’. The patient's age and length of treatment period were associated with PU risk, while only length of treatment period was associated with PU prevalence. Older patients had a higher risk of PUs than younger ones. The longer the hospital stay, the higher the PU risk was. In addition, patients with a long hospital stay more often had a PU. Conclusion: According to the study, PUs occur with significant frequency in acute hospital wards. It is important to carry out PU prevention actions among all patient groups, but risk increases among older patients and those who, for any reason, stay in hospital for a longer period of time.
Tasteful screams: Sense, nonsense and Kathakali vocal performance
Authors: Powers Seth 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In Kathakali performance, the speech of characters and the narrative are conveyed through multiple channels – verbal text is sung by onstage vocalists while the dancer interprets the story through hand gestures, body movements and facial expressions. Through engagement with the work of Gilles Deleuze and analysis of the play The Dumb Dancer by Asif Currimbhoy, the co-presence of vocal sense and nonsense on the Kathakali stage is investigated as a phenomenon by turns sensationalized and de-legitimized in a postcolonial context. Sneja Gunew’s project of decolonizing affect theory, which raises the question of how to think meaningfully about affect beyond European concepts and terms, is taken up with regard to rasa theory, a key element of the performance aesthetics of Kathakali. Rather than viewing rasa as merely a prefiguration of Deleuzean (or post-Deleuzean) sensation or autonomic affect, a comparison between rasa and Deleuzean sense, defined as the evanescent boundary between propositions and things, is offered. Deleuzean sense presents an intriguing, albeit partial, analogue to rasa, a term that encompasses the process of tasting along with the essentially immanent nature of that which is tasted.
The use of social media from revolution to democratic consolidation: The Arab Spring and the case of Tunisia
Authors: Karolak Magdalena 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This research assesses social media as a tool of popular mobilization and their role in supporting democratic processes using the case study of Tunisia four years after the revolution. Social media have been widely used during the Arab Spring in the MENA region; yet, their democratizing effects have not been thoroughly researched in countries that have recently undergone democratic transitions. Tunisia offers a unique opportunity to assess whether online democracy initiatives retain their credibility among the citizens and to what point they contribute in promoting and strengthening democracy. The research was conducted using a qualitative method through interviews with Tunisian activists and representatives of NGOs who use the Internet as a tool of democratization. It provides new evidence on the role of the Internet as a democratizing tool and to the potential dangers to political stability that it poses to countries in the process of democratic consolidation.
Love stories and diasporic identity narratives: Mediatized practices of storytelling in the Moroccan diaspora
Authors: Bozdağ Çiğdem 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Storytelling is one of the oldest ways of giving human experiences a meaning and presenting the world from one’s own perspective. Stories are amongst key cultural resources for identity construction. Throughout the history of technologies, storytelling has become highly mediatized, enabling new and more interactive forms of storytelling. The presented research focuses on digital, diasporic love stories that are shared on an online diasporic discussion forum by younger women from the Moroccan diaspora in Germany. Based on a qualitative content analysis of selected story threads, this article argues that these German-speaking stories provide their readers with alternative identity narratives to those in mainstream mass media. This article will demonstrate how through these narratives users interactively negotiate issues related to ethnic identities, religious and cultural values and gender roles on the networked communication space provided by the discussion forums. Considering the limited space for self-representations of migrant Muslim women in the mainstream German mediascape, this self-made form of storytelling and the self-representations that the forums provide seem even more important for the identity construction of young women in the Moroccan diaspora. However, these stories do not always lead to dialogue and peaceful negotiations; they may also lead to deepening of conflicts existing within the diasporic community.
Reflecting on criminalizing male violence against women under human rights and human security discourses: a feminist legal and policy analysis
Authors: Pividori Claudia , Degani Paola 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Violence against women is an established issue of concern under international law as well as in the international security domain. More in general, it is contended that issues related to gender-based violence need to be countered with strategies aimed at fighting sexual hierarchies and structural discrimination affecting women at different levels and in different contexts. Despite this, international legal and policy responses to male violence against women are increasingly turning to criminal law enforcement with a strict focus on perpetrators’ individual accountability. The article critically analyzes this trend within the two international legal and policy frameworks that in the past decades have most consistently integrated the issue of violence against women, that is, human security and human rights. The article contends that the increasing focus on criminalization that has emerged in both these frameworks risks obfuscating and downsizing the collective and “public” dimension of States’ responsibility with regards the social phenomenon of violence. Indeed, criminalization strategies allow States to circumvent their duty to work on the social, political and economic structural dimensions at the root of this severe form of violation women’s human rights.
Novikov Engine with Fluctuating Heat Bath Temperature
Authors: Schwalbe Karsten , Hoffmann Karl Heinz 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The Novikov engine is a model for heat engines that takes the irreversible character of heat fluxes into account. Using this model, the maximum power output as well as the corresponding efficiency of the heat engine can be deduced, leading to the well-known Curzon–Ahlborn efficiency. The classical model assumes constant heat bath temperatures, which is not a reasonable assumption in the case of fluctuating heat sources. Therefore, in this article the influence of stochastic fluctuations of the hot heat bath’s temperature on the optimal performance measures is investigated. For this purpose, a Novikov engine with fluctuating heat bath temperature is considered. Doing so, a generalization of the Curzon–Ahlborn efficiency is found. The results can help to quantify how the distribution of fluctuating quantities affects the performance measures of power plants.
Bats in a Cerrado landscape of Northern Brazil: species occurrence, influence of environmental heterogeneity and seasonality, and eight new records for the State of Tocantins
Authors: Maas Andrea Cecília Sicotti , Gomes Luiz Antonio Costa , Martins Mayara Almeida , Dias Daniela , Pol André , Chaves Flávia Guimarães , Schutte Michel , de Araújo Roberta Miranda , Peracchi Adriano Lúcio 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Patterns of bat distribution in Cerrado can be influenced by habitat heterogeneity and seasonal variation. We described the bat fauna in Cerrado landscape during an environment-monitoring program in Tocantins State, Northern Brazil. Additionally, we tested the influence of habitat heterogeneity and seasonality on the abundance and species richness of Phyllostomidae in this region by Generalized Linear Mixed Models. In 2010, we sampled 40 nights (rainy and dry seasons) in four vegetation types of Cerrado biome. Taxonomic identification was based on measurements and qualitative diagnostics. With a sampling effort of 43,965 m2·h, we captured 274 bats of 30 species, 22 genera and six families. Carollia perspicillata was the most abundant species captured. Colinas do Tocantins municipality was richer than Goiantins (26 and 19 species respectively). The best model for abundance was the interaction between heterogeneity and seasonality and the best model for richness was a mix between these two variables. We registered eight new species for the Tocantins including three species considered threatened with extinction at national level and one at global level. Such results highlight that this region is important for new investigations on the Cerrado biome.
Design of 2D-nanocrystals in water: preparation, structure and functionalization
Authors: Aslanov Leonid , Zakharov Valery , Paseshnichenko Ksenia , Yatsenko Aleksandr , Orekhov Andrey , Tafeenko Viktor , Chernyshev Vladimir 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A new method for synthesis of 2D nanocrystals in water was proposed. The use of perfluorothiophenolate ions as surfactant allowed us to produce 2D single-crystal nanosheets of CaS at pH=9 and flat nanocrystals of PbS at pH=9 at room temperature. Mesocrystalline nanobelts of CdS and mesocrystals of PbS were obtained at pH=3–5 and pH=10–12, respectively. Morphology, structure and chemical composition of nanoparticles were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A mechanism of nanoparticles formation was discussed.
Isolation of high purity 73Se using solid phase extraction after selective 4,5-[73Se]benzopiazselenol formation with aminonaphthalene
Authors: Königs Uwe , Humpert Swen , Spahn Ingo , Qaim Syed M. , Neumaier Bernd 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A fast and efficient process for the production of the PET radionuclide 73Se was developed using 75Se as a surrogate. 75Se was separated from proton irradiated arsenic trioxide by reaction with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene to 4,5-[75Se]benzopiazelenol. This compound was purified using SPE column chromatography and subsequently decomposed with hydrogen peroxide. For further chemical conversions [75Se]selenite was reduced to elemental [75Se]selenium by either using thiosulfate or sulfur dioxide. The recovery yield of 75Se from the target amounted to 43%. The utility of the isolated 75Se for radiosyntheses was demonstrated by the successful preparation of [75Se]selenomethionine. The methodology developed using 75Se was successfully transformed to 73Se.
Neutron activation analysis of major and trace elements in Arabica and Robusta coffee beans samples consumed in Algeria
Authors: Messaoudi Mohammed , Begaa Samir , Hamidatou Lylia , Salhi M’hamed , Ouakouak Hamza , Mouzai Mohammed , Hassani Aïcha 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The Algerian neutron activation analysis laboratory is highly involved in nutrition applications in the framework of research activities using the Es-Salam research reactor. The main objective of this work is to contribute, by using nuclear analytical techniques, for studying a large number of natural food samples consumed in Algeria related to nutrition and human health. The present study focuses on the analysis of the most popular beans consumed worldwide, namely, the coffee species of Arabica and Robusta, based on the international markets. Chemical content of samples was assessed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and k
0-INAA techniques, through the irradiation of samples during 6 h at a thermal neutron flux of 4.5×1013cm−2s−1 of Es-Salam research reactor. A total of 17 elements were assessed such as, (Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, La, Na, Rb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Zn, Lu and Th) obtained by using INAA and k
0-INAA methods, While we used the radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA and k
0-RNAA) to determine Selenium at low level concentrations, the accuracy of the method was evaluated by analyzing CRM and SRM. QC/QA was evaluated by using the statistical parameter U-score. Results were compared with those obtained for samples from Brazilian, Caribbean, Indian and Kenyan coffee beans reported in the literature. The daily intake of essentials and toxic elements was determined and compared with the recommended values. The probable cumulative intake of toxic elements was found to be well below the tolerance limits.
On The Jacobsthal-Padovan p-Sequences in Groups
Authors: Aküzüm Yesim , Deveci Ömür 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In [5], Deveci defined the Jacobsthal-Padovan p-sequence. In this paper,we extend this sequence to groups. Then we define the Jacobsthal-Padovan p-orbit and we study the Jacobsthal-Padovan p-orbits of the finite groups in detail. Furthermore, we obtain the lengths of the periods of the Jacobsthal-Padovan p-orbits of the Fox groups G1,l for l ≥ 3 as applications of the results.
Exposure measurement platform for electromagnetic field monitoring and epidemiological research
Authors: Zahner Marco , Fröhlich Jürg , Leuthold Juerg 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Exposimetry of electromagnetic fields refers to a measurement technology aiming to quantify the immission or absorption of fields and/or energy in specific ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. Portable, small and accurate measurement instruments were developed to provide tools for epidemiological research and environmental monitoring. The target measurement quantity was the average amount of RMS field strength that an average individual will experience in everyday environments. This quantity can be used to classify different groups of the population or to track changes in exposure conditions within defined regions or along specified tracks. Methods and tools for the assessment of the personal exposure to low-frequency magnetic fields (LF-MF), radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) and pulsed RF emissions from radar installations have been developed, characterized, and tested. The result is a measurement platform enabling a large variety of measurement procedures and study protocols.
In-Season Strength and Power Training Considerations for Professional Soccer Teams Competing Within National Level Competitions
Authors: Wing Chris 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
STRENGTH AND POWER HAVE BEEN WIDELY REPORTED AS ESSENTIAL QUALITIES TO SUCCESSFUL SOCCER PERFORMANCE. HOWEVER, IMPROVING THESE QUALITIES WITHIN THE IN-SEASON PERIOD SEEMS TO PROVIDE SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGES. THESE INCLUDE A CHAOTIC FIXTURE SCHEDULE, INCREASED LEVELS OF FATIGUE, AND ISSUES SURROUNDING CONCURRENT TRAINING. A VARIETY OF METHODS MAY BE USED BY STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING (S&C) COACHES TO OVERCOME THESE. THIS MAY INCLUDE ADOPTING A NONLINEAR PERIODIZATION PLAN AND THE CAREFUL MANIPULATION OF THE VARIABLES WITHIN IT. AT ALL TIMES, THE S&C COACH SHOULD BE FLEXIBLE AND ABLE TO EASILY ADJUST PROGRAMMING TO THE CHANGING COMPETITIVE SCHEDULE.
Crumb Rubber and Silica Fume Inclusions in Pervious Concrete Pavement Systems: Evaluation of Hydrological, Functional, and Structural Properties
Authors: Mondal Snehasish , Biligiri Krishna Prapoorna 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The main objective of this research study was to comprehensively investigate the hydrological, functional, and structural characteristics of 21 pervious concrete (PC) mixtures encompassing four dosages of crumb rubber (CR), four proportions of silica fume (SF) contents, and three distinct aggregate gradations. A total of 126 PC cylindrical specimens were available to measure density, porosity, permeability, abrasion resistance, and compressive strength properties. The inclusions of CR and SF in the PC enhanced the compressive strength and abrasion resistance compared to the control unmodified PC specimens. However, CR-modified PC showed reduced permeability because of a decrease in the porosity of those mixes. Nonetheless, the study results did not reach any optimum values of CR or SF replacement and indicated that there is more scope to replace the coarse aggregate with CR and cement with SF so as to identify the optimum dosages of these two modifiers in future. The use of CR in PC as a partial replacement of aggregate can become a potential way of conserving the natural aggregates that are becoming scarce. Furthermore, SF can be used as a partial replacement for cement that will eventually reduce carbon dioxide emissions from cement production, thus being able to achieve the significant use of renewable resources in producing green pavement systems.
Visual Aversive Learning Compromises Sensory Discrimination
Authors: Shalev Lee , Paz Rony , Avidan Galia 
Published: February 2018

Aversive learning is thought to modulate perceptual thresholds, which can lead to overgeneralization. However, it remains undetermined whether this modulation is domain specific or a general effect. Moreover, despite the unique role of the visual modality in human perception, it is unclear whether this aspect of aversive learning exists in this modality. The current study was designed to examine the effect of visual aversive outcomes on the perception of basic visual and auditory features. We tested the ability of healthy participants, both males and females, to discriminate between neutral stimuli, before and after visual learning. In each experiment, neutral stimuli were associated with aversive images in an experimental group and with neutral images in a control group. Participants demonstrated a deterioration in discrimination (higher discrimination thresholds) only after aversive learning. This deterioration was measured for both auditory (tone frequency) and visual (orientation and contrast) features. The effect was replicated in five different experiments and lasted for at least 24 h. fMRI neural responses and pupil size were also measured during learning. We showed an increase in neural activations in the anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and amygdala during aversive compared with neutral learning. Interestingly, the early visual cortex showed increased brain activity during aversive compared with neutral context trials, with identical visual information. Our findings imply the existence of a central multimodal mechanism, which modulates early perceptual properties, following exposure to negative situations. Such a mechanism could contribute to abnormal responses that underlie anxiety states, even in new and safe environments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUsing a visual aversive-learning paradigm, we found deteriorated discrimination abilities for visual and auditory stimuli that were associated with visual aversive stimuli. We showed increased neural activations in the anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and amygdala during aversive learning, compared with neutral learning. Importantly, similar findings were also evident in the early visual cortex during trials with aversive/neutral context, but with identical visual information. The demonstration of this phenomenon in the visual modality is important, as it provides support to the notion that aversive learning can influence perception via a central mechanism, independent of input modality. Given the dominance of the visual system in human perception, our findings hold relevance to daily life, as well as imply a potential etiology for anxiety disorders.
Bureau Clergyman: How the FBI Colluded with an African American Televangelist to Destroy Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Authors: Martin Lerone 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article explains how the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) partnered with African American minister Elder Lightfoot Solomon Michaux to discredit and neutralize Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. The Elder, the nation's first minister (black or white) to have his own weekly television show, colluded with the Bureau to shape public opinion against King and cast doubt upon King's religious commitments and activities. Michaux was, what I call, a Bureau Clergyman: a minister who was an FBI “Special Service Contact” or on the Bureau's “Special Correspondents Lists.” Far from secret informants, black and white male clergy in these official Bureau programs enjoyed very public and cooperative relationships with the FBI and were occasionally “called into service” to work in concert with the FBI. The FBI called upon Michaux and he willingly used his status, popular media ministry, and cold war spirituality to publically scandalize King as a communist and defend the Bureau against King's criticisms. In the end, the Elder demonized King, contested calls for black equality under the law, and lionized the FBI as the keeper of Christian America. The story moves the field beyond the very well known narratives of the FBI's hostility towards religion and reveals how the Bureau publicly embraced religion and commissioned their clergymen to help maintain prevailing social arrangements. Michaux's relationship with the FBI also offers a window into the overlooked religious dimensions of the FBI's opposition to King, even as it highlights how black clergy articulated and followed competing ideologies of black liberation during the civil rights movement.