bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RFA-YOLOv8: Steel Plate Surface Defect Detection Algorithm Based On Improved YOLOv8
Authors: Bai Jiangfeng , Zhang Shifang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To address the issues in existing steel plate surface defect detection algorithms, such as low accuracy, numerous model parameters, and high computational complexity, this paper introduces a novel algorithm named RFA-YOLOv8, which is built on an enhanced version of YOLOv8n. The approach enhances the C2f module within the backbone network and incorporates a receptive field attention (RFA) mechanism to refine the convolution layer, leading to the development of the C2f_RFAConv structure. This advancement significantly boosts feature extraction capabilities in complex scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that RFA-YOLOv8 achieves a 74.9% accuracy on the NEU-DET dataset, surpassing YOLOv8n by 1.8%, with minimal changes in model parameters and floating-point operations. Moreover, improvements in both recall and precision rates confirm that RFA-YOLOv8 delivers high detection accuracy and efficiency, making it valuable for industrial quality inspections.
YOLO-Based Design and Optimization of Weld Seam Detection Model
Authors: Zhou Zhaoxuan , Cao Yan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The traditional welding seam inspection efficiency is low, the model possesses a significant amount of computational parameters, and it is not suitable for the application of small and medium-sized welding seam recognition machines. In view of the wide application and remarkable effect of deep learning in the domain of machine vision, a welding seam defect detection model designed by G-Efficientnet-CA neural network was proposed and optimized. EfficientNet was employed as the core architecture for extracting features to greatly reduce calculation parameters and model volume. The CA attention mechanism is incorporated to enhance the model’s capacity for focusing attention on the weld image, thereby improving its ability to discern and analyze relevant features, and the accuracy is improved. The Generalized Intersection over Union (GIoU) loss function is changed from the original loss function to optimize the calculation of the coincidence degree between the real frame and the predicted frame. The efficient K-Means++ clustering algorithm is utilized to calculate the initial anchor frame which is more suitable for different weld data sets. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the optimized model, when compared to the YOLOv3 model, exhibits superior effectiveness in detecting the VOC2007 dataset, as evidenced by a notable 12.7% increase in the average precision (mAP) and a significant reduction of 88% in the number of parameters.
Optical 3D Surface Vertical Measurement Based on 2D Generalized S-Transform
Authors: Zhong Min , Duan Peng , Hu Zhengyan , Chen Xiaolong , Cao Weiwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The optical 3D surface measurement technique aligns the optical axis of the projector with that of the camera, enabling the measurement of objects with significant height variations, such as deep holes and grooves. This technique encodes the height of the object into the modulation of the fringe pattern, eliminating the requirement for phase unwrapping and avoiding issues such as shadow occlusion. To further enhance the noise reduction capability of fringe analysis and reconstruct objects with high-frequency detail, this paper introduces the two-dimensional generalized S-transform (2D-GST) method for modulation extraction. By incorporating two additional parameters px
and py
to adjust the resolution in the time domain/frequency domain, 2D-GST can provide higher reconstruction precision. The root mean square (RMS) for tested plane with 2D-GST is 4.35 μm, whereas for the traditional 1D S-transform (1D-ST), the RMS is 4.97 μm.
Dual Modal Face Recognition Based on Visible Light and Thermal Infrared
Authors: Wei Yongchao , Yue Yuchen , Zhu Zihan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, face recognition has received widespread attention, in the use of visible light for face recognition, there are a series of problems that require auxiliary light sources, may be attacked by photos, and camouflage is difficult to penetrate. Compared with visible light recognition, thermal infrared face recognition shows usability, and it can still be stable in low light or dark extreme environmental conditions, but due to low resolution, it can not capture rich face feature information. In view of this paper proposes that dual mode face recognition can effectively integrate two single mode information and make up for the deficiency of single feature. Using a Bimodal Face network model based on visible light and thermal infrared, the idea of feature decoupling is introduced into image fusion. The cross-modal information is decomposed into common information and unique information, and the common information and unique information of different modes are fused respectively according to the feature fusion method. It is tested on the self-built dual modal dataset that this fusion strategy can achieve the optimal effect, and the accuracy rate can reach 97.08%, which is better than other five face recognition network models.
Microstructural Regulation of Co TCPP by Acetylene Black: Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Wearable Supercapacitors
Authors: Diao Binxuan , Liu Jianzheng , Wang Shilin , Xie Wenjun , Cong Chenhao , Li Xinlin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the rapid development of wearable devices, flexible supercapacitors have become an important energy storage prototype due to their inherent flexibility and high power density. Two-dimensional metal-organic framework (2D MOF) nanosheets are widely used in energy storage systems due to their structural tunability and anisotropy. However, their high surface energy tends to lead to aggregation, which results in poor dispersion and rheology of formulated inks and inhomogeneity of printed electrodes. Existing methods involve surface modulation by capped organic ligands, yet ignore the inherent conductivity and stability of MOFs. To overcome the low conductivity and aggregation problems of 2D MOFs, we adopted a novel approach combining mechanical intercalation and surface functionalization of cobalt-based porphyrin frameworks (Co TCPP) with acetylene black (AB). The unique microstructure of the composite material leads to favorable changes in the electronic properties of AB, which reduces the overall internal resistance and promotes rapid charge transfer. For this purpose, we have prepared micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) using dispensing printing technology. This integrated material has excellent mechanical flexibility and maintains 92% specific capacitance even under extreme bending and torsion. This study highlights the potential of integrating 2D MOFs with carbon-based materials (e.g., acetylene black) for a variety of applications in wearable electronics, and provides a guiding scheme for future micro-modulation of 2D MOFs using conductive materials.
Consumer perspectives towards aquaponics: Products and native fish cultivation
Authors: Colin Kiu Qi-Song , Ooi Ai-Lin , Teoh Chaiw-Yee 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aquaponics is a farming system that integrates hydroponics and aquaculture. Many questions and concerns about the feasibility of aquaponics to sustain food productivity and its potential market remain unknown. One of them is the consumer’s perception and willingness to pay for aquaponic products. This study presents findings and analysis regarding consumer perception, knowledge and acceptance of aquaponic products in Malaysia, particularly native fish species cultivated within aquaponic system. A total of 385 respondents participated in this study from all regions (northern region, central region, east coast, southern region, Sabah, and Sarawak) in Malaysia. Overall, a significant proportion of consumers (84%) had not practised aquaponics, and 63% had not made purchases of any aquaponic products before. Consumers’ decisions to purchase aquaponic products is primarily influenced by price (79.2%) and food safety (67.8%). Other significant factors include food nutrition (52.7%), cultivation methods used in production (39.7%), taste and texture of aquaponic products (33%), accessibility to these products (0.5%) and concerns related to zoonotic diseases in aquaponic products (0.3%). Overall, consumers had a positive outlook on the benefits of aquaponics and its products. However, they had a neutral attitude towards purchasing and were willing to spend more on aquaponic products compared to products produced using conventional farming. Consumers also had a positive attitude towards culturing native fish species in aquaponics systems and had a neutral attitude when asked to buy native fish species cultivated in aquaponics systems. The study’s findings show a potential market for aquaponic products in Malaysia. However, more efforts are needed to increase awareness and promote aquaponics systems in Malaysia.
Mitochondrial COX2 primer for bovine identification using qPCR: Design and validation
Authors: Sintia R S , Barido F H , Volkandari S D , Anam C , Pramono A , Utama D T , Erwanto Y , Cahyadi M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Beef is a prime livestock product that is prone to adulteration with other relatively lower price species. The occurrence causes losses to consumers and also violates consumer protection law. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a molecular approach technology that is suitable for detecting the presence of a broad spectrum of DNA in raw and processed animal-based foods. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is well known having unique nucleotide sequence which is able to be used as genetic markers in living things. The cytochrome C oxidase subunit II (COX2), a part of mtDNA, can be explored to be biomarker candidate for detection of contamination in various animal products. Therefore, this study was conducted to design and validate specific primer targeting mtDNA COX2 for bovine identification using qPCR. This study designed forward primer (5’-CATGAGCTGTGCCCTCTCTAG-3’) and reverse primer (5’-TAATATAAGCCTGGACGGGA-3’) using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website with accession number GU947020. Moreover, those primers were tested in vitro to optimize reaction condition, and component, and also to evaluate repeatability and sensitivity of the qPCR. Three species DNA, bovine, pig, and chicken were utilized in this study. This study found that the designed primer pair successfully amplified the DNA target in 32 cycles of qPCR, Cq value at 22.48±0.38, Tm at 82.55°C, and 20 ng/μL of bovine DNA. In addition, the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.08 ng/μL and the primer pair specifically attached to bovine DNA. This study concluded that the primer pair targeting mtDNA COX2 can be a strong biomarker candidate for the identification of bovine DNA in various food products.
Enzymatically Pre-treated Cordyceps militaris Mushroom Extracts Influences Spent Hen Chicken Meat Stability during Cold Storage
Authors: Barido F H , Kartikasari L R , Hertanto B S , Nuhriawangsa A M P , Swastike W , Kim J , Lee S K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Evaluations were conducted on storage stability of old laying hen chicken breast following treatment using Cordyceps militaris (CM) mushroom extracts and hydrolyzed CM mushroom extract produced with a bromelain eznyme from pineapple stem. A total of Forty-two spent hen breast samples that had their fat removed were subjected to each of the four treatments: (1) no addition as a negative control (NC); (2) Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as positive control; (3) CM extract solution (CME); and (4) hydrolyzed mushroom extract prepared with the bromelain enzyme (STB). The pH value of all treatment groups maintained a significantly lower level across storage days, except treatment with STB resulted in an acceptable (6.09) pH value up to 9 days of cold storage. Subsequently, breast samples treated with STB (41.23%) possessed the highest antioxidant activity, followed by CME (32.17%), BHT (32.97%), and NC (6.11%) after the initial storage day. These results displayed a limited effect from treatment using enzymolyzed CM on meat’s instrumental surface color. This study recommended that immersing breast meat into hydrolyzed CM mushroom prior application using (STB) could be a robust alternative for improvement of spent hen breast meat during storage.
DNA Barcoding using Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Reveals Wildlife Consumption of Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) and Dusky Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus obscurus) by the Senoi (Semoq Beri) Tribe in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Akmal Fawwazah Abdullah-Fauzi Nurfatiha , Abu Bakar Abdul-Latiff Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Malaysia, a culturally diverse nation, encompasses various ethnicities, including the Orang Asli, the region’s aboriginal people. Among the Orang Asli tribes in Peninsular Malaysia, the Senoi constitute the largest demographic, followed by the Proto-Malay and Negrito groups, each comprising six distinct subtribes. Traditional methods, such as surveys and interviews, have been instrumental in understanding wildlife consumption practices among indigenous communities like the Senoi. However, they may not always provide accurate and comprehensive data. The adoption of molecular techniques, such as DNA barcoding, presents a promising avenue for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of wildlife consumption studies. This study investigates wildlife consumption practices among the Senoi tribe, particularly the Semoq Beri subgroup in Maran, Pahang, using DNA barcoding that focuses on the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene. Following the collection of biological samples with consent from Semoq Beri villagers, DNA extraction and PCR amplification were performed using established protocols. Subsequently, phylogenetic analysis was conducted to identify wildlife species consumed by the tribe. From the DNA barcoding analysis, two wildlife species were successfully detected: including the Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) and the dusky leaf monkey (Trachypithecus obscurus), commonly consumed by the Semoq Beri tribe. Despite their status conservation, the findings suggest that the Semoq Beri tribe’s hunting practices are relatively sustainable, as they hunt only for subsistence purposes and in small quantities. The study emphasizes the significance of incorporating molecular techniques alongside conventional methods to accurately assess wildlife consumption patterns among indigenous communities. The findings highlight the necessity of collaborative approaches involving indigenous peoples, government agencies, and conservation organizations to preserve traditional knowledge, safeguard wildlife resources, and promote the sustainable coexistence of indigenous communities and biodiversity.
Spin angular momentum and optical chirality of Poincaré vector vortex beams
Authors: Forbes Kayn A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The optical chirality and spin angular momentum of structured scalar vortex beams has been intensively studied in recent years. The pseudoscalar topological charge

ℓ

of these beams is responsible for their unique properties. Constructed from a superposition of scalar vortex beams with topological charges

ℓ
A

and

ℓ
B

, cylindrical vector vortex beams are higher-order Poincaré modes which possess a spatially inhomogeneous polarization distribution. Here we highlight the highly tailorable and exotic spatial distributions of the optical spin and chirality densities of these higher-order structured beams under both paraxial (weak focusing) and non-paraxial (tight focusing) conditions. Our analytical theory can yield the spin angular momentum and optical chirality of each point on any higher-order or hybrid-order Poincaré sphere. It is shown that the tunable Pancharatnam topological charge

ℓ

P

=
(

ℓ
A

+

ℓ
B

)

/

2

and polarization index

m
=
(

ℓ
B

−

ℓ
A

)

/

2

of the vector vortex beam plays a decisive role in customizing their spin and chirality spatial distributions. We also provide the correct analytical equations to describe a focused, non-paraxial scalar Bessel beam.
A crawling robot with temperature-controlled variable stiffness feet: strong surface adaptability
Authors: Yang Bing-Ying , Dong Bu-Sheng , Chen Hao , Ning Hong-Yang , Zhang Zhong-Qiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Existing soft robots have not shown the same level of adaptability on diverse terrains when compared to natural animals that possess variable stiffness characteristics. In this paper, utilizing the mutual transformation between the glassy and molten states of rosin materials, temperature-controlled variable stiffness feet (TVSF) are achieved by filling the rosin into an array of soft cavity villi. A single motor is utilized as the vibration-driven actuator of the robot. It is found that the feet stiffness can be changed ranging from 0.6227 N/mm to 0.9611 N/mm, which has a significant impact on the robot’s velocity and follows a nonlinear relationship. A smooth motion surface requires a high-stiffness foot to provide support and stability for the robot, while a rough motion surface necessitates a low-stiffness foot to reduce friction and resistance allowing for quick movement for the driving voltage of 1.6 V. Furthermore, the TVSF enable stable operation on complex surfaces, including a 30° slope, pipes, and pothole surfaces. This research provides a new technological approach to designing and manufacturing variable stiffness robots with enhanced surface adaptability.
Underestimation of meteorological drought intensity due to lengthening of the drought season with climate change
Authors: Dullaart Job , van der Wiel Karin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Meteorological drought may lead to water shortages, which has negative impacts on water-dependent sectors. Whilst there is a wealth of studies on changing drought intensity or frequency due to climate change, much less is known regarding potential shifts in the timing of drought. The purpose of this study is to analyze the timing of the drought season in the Netherlands and climatic changes therein, with a special focus on the onset of the drought season. Based on an analysis of meteorological observations in the Netherlands over the period 1965–2023, we conclude that the Dutch meteorological drought season has extended forward in time. On average, the drought season starts 16 d earlier in the period 1994–2023 compared to 1965–1993. This is mostly the result of an increase in potential evapotranspiration, while the amount of precipitation does not show a clear change at the start of the growing season. Using three climate model ensembles, we show that a forced climate change signal exists, but that natural variability also plays a role. Following this assessment of trends in meteorological variables, we analyze the consequences for the operational monitoring of meteorological drought. In the Netherlands, this is done by means of the ‘precipitation deficit’-indicator, based on a fixed-in-time starting point (1 April) of the drought season. The combination of this fixed starting point and the observed earlier onset of the drought season, means that in some years the indicator underestimates drought intensity, and that climatic trends are underestimated. We therefore advocate for an update of the operational drought indicator, such that meteorological drought occurring before 1 April will not be missed.
Unconditional Cesàro convergence of sequences of super-reflexive valued random variables
Authors: Dehaj Abdessamad , Guessous Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

We establish that if

X
X

is a super-reflexive Banach space, every

L

X

1

L_{X}^{1}

-bounded sequence has a subsequence for which any subsequences Cesàro converges unconditionally a.e. in

X
X

to the same limit, generalizing a similar result for a Hilbert space.
Luther, the “Most German of All Germans”
Authors: Hayden-Roy Patrick 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The study begins by tracing the development of Luther’s image in the course of the nineteenth century, starting with the celebration in 1817 of the three-hundredth anniversary of the Reformation and the new image German intellectuals projected of Luther at that time, considering significant philosophical and literary treatments by Hegel, Heinrich Heine, and Leopold von Ranke that mark the development of his nationalist image in the course of the century. At its center is a speech delivered by Heinrich von Treitschke in 1883, “Luther und die Deutschen,” which projects a newly imagined understanding of a völkisch Luther, whose resonance is then traced by considering the explosion of public monuments and other Luther-related public memorials, especially in the era after German unification. It establishes the völkisch image that will be passed down into the era of the First World War.
Luther the Heathen
Authors: Hayden-Roy Patrick 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In 1937 Arno Deutelmoser published a work, Luther Staat und Glaube, which purported to demonstrate that Luther, far from being the Reformer of the Church, actually developed the theological underpinnings for an anti-Christian “Germanic” faith. The study itself would be nothing but an oddity if not for the furious response it elicited, and the debate it generated about what was the “real” Luther. Deutelmoser’s study, I argue, despite its provocative thesis, in fact represents something of an apotheosis for the image of Luther as it has developed since World War I. In that sense, it represents the fundamental cultural dissonance that surrounded the figure of Luther at the end of the 1930s and the onset of the Second World War.
Wastewater surveillance of antibiotic resistant bacteria for public health action: Potential and Challenges
Authors: Foxman Betsy , Salzman Elizabeth , Gesierich Chelsie , Gardner Sarah , Ammerman Michelle , Eisenberg Marisa , Wigginton Krista 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an urgent public health threat. Actions to reduce this threat include requiring prescriptions for antibiotic use, antibiotic stewardship programs, educational programs targeting patients and healthcare providers, and limiting antibiotic use in agriculture, aquaculture, and animal husbandry. Wastewater surveillance might complement clinical surveillance by tracking time/space variation essential for detecting outbreaks and evaluating efficacy of evidence-based interventions; identifying high-risk populations for targeted monitoring; providing early warning of the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria and identifying novel antibiotic resistant threats. Wastewater surveillance was an effective early warning system for SARS-CoV-2 spread and detection of the emergence of new viral strains. In this data-driven commentary we explore whether monitoring wastewater for antibiotic resistant genes and/or bacteria resistant to antibiotics might provide useful information for public health action. Using carbapenem resistance as an example, we highlight technical challenges associated with using wastewater to quantify temporal/spatial trends in antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and compare with clinical information. While ARGs and ARBs are detectable in wastewater enabling early detection of novel ARGs, quantitation of ARBs and ARGs with current methods is too variable to reliably track space/time variation.