bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moment theory for the analytical determination of rate constants for solute permeation at the interface of spherical molecular aggregates
Authors: Miyabe Kanji , Senoo Shiori , Okayasu Nanami 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMoment equations were developed on the basis of the Einstein equation for diffusion and the random walk model to analytically determine the rate constant for the interfacial solute permeation from a bulk solvent into molecular aggregates (kin) and the inverse rate constant from the molecular aggregates to the bulk solvent (kout). The moment equations were in good agreement with those derived in a different manner. To demonstrate their effectiveness in one concrete example, the moment equations were used to analytically determine the values of kin and kout of three electrically neutral solutes, i.e. resorcinol, phenol, and nitrobenzene, from the first absolute (μ1A) and second central (μ2C) moments of their elution peaks, as measured by electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), in which the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles were used as a pseudostationary phase. The values of kin and kout should be determined with no chemical modifications and no physical action with the molecular aggregates because they are dynamic systems formed through weak interactions between the components. The moment analysis of the elution peak profiles measured by EKC is effective to unambiguously determine kin, kout, and the partition equilibrium constant (kin/kout) under appropriate experimental conditions.
Anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex response to systematically controlled tonal dissonance during passive music listening
Authors: Bravo Fernando , Cross Ian , Hopkins Christopher , Gonzalez Nadia , Docampo Jorge , Bruno Claudio , Stamatakis Emmanuel A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSeveral studies have attempted to investigate how the brain codes emotional value when processing music of contrasting levels of dissonance; however, the lack of control over specific musical structural characteristics (i.e., dynamics, rhythm, melodic contour or instrumental timbre), which are known to affect perceived dissonance, rendered results difficult to interpret. To account for this, we used functional imaging with an optimized control of the musical structure to obtain a finer characterization of brain activity in response to tonal dissonance. Behavioral findings supported previous evidence for an association between increased dissonance and negative emotion. Results further demonstrated that the manipulation of tonal dissonance through systematically controlled changes in interval content elicited contrasting valence ratings but no significant effects on either arousal or potency. Neuroscientific findings showed an engagement of the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the left rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) while participants listened to dissonant compared to consonant music, converging with studies that have proposed a core role of these regions during conflict monitoring (detection and resolution), and in the appraisal of negative emotion and fear‐related information. Both the left and right primary auditory cortices showed stronger functional connectivity with the ACC during the dissonant portion of the task, implying a demand for greater information integration when processing negatively valenced musical stimuli. This study demonstrated that the systematic control of musical dissonance could be applied to isolate valence from the arousal dimension, facilitating a novel access to the neural representation of negative emotion.
Tanshinone IIA inhibits the adipogenesis and inflammatory response in ox‐LDL‐challenged human monocyte‐derived macrophages via regulating miR‐130b/WNT5A
Authors: Yuan Limei , Li Qinghai , Zhang Zhiguo , Liu Qingle , Wang Xuechen , Fan Lihua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a kind of chronic cardiovascular disease, characterized by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) accumulation in macrophage. Tanshinone IIA (Tan), a lipophilic pharmacologically activate compound from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been indicated to exert cardioprotective roles. Nevertheless, the biological role of Tan and regulatory mechanism in atherosclerosis are not fully established. In present study, atherosclerosis model was established in THP‐1‐derived macrophages by treatment of ox‐LDL. The adipogenesis was measured by Nile red staining. The expressions of inflammatory factors, microRNA‐130b (miR‐130b) and WNT5A were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. The target association between miR‐130b and WNT5A was explored via luciferase activity and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. The results showed that exposure of Tan inhibited ox‐LDL‐induced adipogenesis and expressions of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha in THP‐1‐derived macrophages. miR‐130b expression was decreased in THP‐1‐derived macrophages treated by ox‐LDL and its overexpression attenuated adipogenesis as well as inflammatory response. miR‐130b knockdown reversed the regulatory effect of Tan on adipogenesis and inflammatory response in THP‐1‐derived macrophages stimulated by ox‐LDL. In addition, WNT5A acted as a functional target of miR‐130b and inhibited by Tan and miR‐130b. As a conclusion, Tan decreased the adipogenesis and inflammatory response by mediating miR‐130b and WNT5A, providing a novel theoretical foundation for treatment of atherosclerosis.
Retracted: Magnesium protects mouse hippocampal HT22 cells against hypoxia‐induced injury by upregulation of miR‐221
Authors: Mi Fuli , Liu Fuyu , Zhang Chuanzhu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMagnesium (Mg2+) has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects against hypoxia. However, it still remains elusive whether Mg2+ protected mouse hippocampal HT22 cells against hypoxia‐evoked damages. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the function of Mg2+ and mechanisms associated with microRNA‐221 (miR‐221). HT22 cells were exposed to 3% O2 for 24 hours to induce hypoxic damages with 21% as a normoxic culture condition. The damages were monitored by viability, migration, and apoptosis of HT22 cells with or without Mg2+ pretreatment. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was applied to examine the alteration of miR‐221, miR‐210, and miR‐17‐5p. Transduction was carried out to artificially alter the expression of miR‐221 and nerve growth factor (NGF), which was confirmed by qRT‐PCR or Western blot assays. To blunt phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB), LY294002 (10 µM) and BAY 11‐7082 (10 µM) were used. We observed Mg2+ protected HT22 cells against hypoxia‐induced damages by upregulating miR‐221. Further, miR‐221 positively regulated NGF expression. Overexpression of NGF alleviated cell injury, while suppression of NGF aggravated cell injury. Moreover, miR‐221 elevated NGF by inducing phosphorylation of regulators in PI3K/AKT and NF‐κB transduction cascades and then alleviated cell injury. In conclusion, Mg2+ protected HT22 cells against hypoxia‐induced damages by upregulation of miR‐221 and NGF. These findings provided insights into the development of improved strategies for clinical application.
Exosome DNA: Critical regulator of tumor immunity and a diagnostic biomarker
Authors: Sharma Aman , Johnson Abiya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNanosized cellular vesicles “exosome” contains a variety of biological cargo including DNA fragments from cell‐of‐origin. Despite its biological stability and clinical utility in tumor diagnosis, exosome DNA (ExoDNA) is very little studied as compare with exosome RNA. Cytoplasmic accumulation of damaged DNA from nucleus and mitochondria often leads to its packaging in exosomes by yet unknown pathways. ExoDNA modulates tumor immunity via paracrine interactions and activation of cytosolic DNA sensor pathways, for example, STING, cGAS, and so forth in specific immune cell subsets. In addition to priming tumor immunity, ExoDNA is also emerging as a critical regulator of check‐point immunotherapy. As a useful diagnostic biomaterial, ExoDNA contains a variety of clinically relevant tumor‐specific mutations representing multiple genes (e.g., EGFR, BRAF, RAS, IDH, and HER2), thus making it a promising “liquid biopsy” material for therapy recommendations. Hence, ExoDNA in addition to tumor immunity modulation, is also emerging as a suitable diagnostic material for personalized therapy in cancer. Here, we review the current status of ExoDNA research and its potential uses in tumor biology.
Modulation of autophagy in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zeng Zhiqing , Zhang Yao , Jiang Weiping , He Lu , Qu Hongtao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as a traumatically induced structural injury or physiological disruption of brain function as a result of external forces, leading to adult disability and death. A growing body of evidence reveals that alterations in autophagy‐related proteins exist extensively in both experimentally and clinically after TBI. Of note, the autophagy pathway plays an essential role in pathophysiological processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, thus contributing to neurological properties of TBI. With this in mind, this review summarizes a comprehensive overview on the beneficial and detrimental effects of autophagy in pathophysiological conditions and how these activities are linked to the pathogenesis of TBI. Moreover, the relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy occur TBI. Ultimately, multiple compounds and various drugs targeting the autophagy pathway are well described in TBI. Therefore, autophagy flux represents a potential clinical therapeutic value for the treatment of TBI and its complications.
Immortalized Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cell line works as model for epithelial–mesenchymal interaction during tooth root formation
Authors: Zhang Sicheng , Li Xuebing , Wang Shikai , Yang Yan , Guo Weihua , Chen Guoqing , Tian Weidong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) is critical for epithelial–mesenchymal interaction (EMI) during tooth root formation. However, the exact roles of HERS in odontogenic differentiation by EMI have not been well characterized, because primary HERS cells are difficult to obtain. Immortalized cell lines constitute crucial scientific tools, while there are few HERS cell lines available. Our previous study has successfully established immortalized HERS cell lines. Here, we confirmed the phenotype of our HERS‐H1 by verifying its characteristics and functions in odontogenic differentiation through EMI. The HERS‐H1‐conditioned medium (CM‐H1) effectively enhanced odontogenic differentiation of dental papilla cells (DPCs) in vitro. Furthermore, Smad4 and p‐Smad1/5/8 were significantly activated in DPCs treated with CM‐H1, and this activation was attenuated by noggin. In vivo, our implanted recombinants of HERS‐H1 and DPCs exhibited mineralized tissue formation and expression of Smad4, p‐Smad1/5/8, and odontogenic differentiation markers. Our results indicated that HERS‐H1 promoted DPCs odontoblastic differentiation via bone morphogenetic protein/Smad signaling. HERS‐H1 exhibits relevant key molecular characteristics and constitutes a new biological model for basic research on HERS and the dental EMI during root development and regeneration.
WNT1‐inducible signaling protein‐1 mediates TGF‐β1‐induced renal fibrosis in tubular epithelial cells and unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse models via autophagy
Authors: Yang Xue , Wang Huan , Tu Yueju , Li Yi , Zou Yurong , Li Guisen , Wang Li , Zhong Xiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRenal fibrosis is a common pathway for the progression of all chronic kidney diseases to end‐stage kidney disease. Studies show that WNT1‐inducible signaling pathway protein‐1 (WISP‐1) is involved in the fibrosis of various organs. The aim of the study was to explore the functional role and potential mechanism of WISP‐1 in renal fibrosis. We observed that overexpression of WISP‐1 in rat tubular epithelial cells (TECs) enhanced transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)‐induced production of fibrotic markers, including collagen I (Col I), fibronectin (FN) and TGF‐β1, while inhibition of WISP‐1 suppressed such production. In vivo, the messenger RNA and protein levels of Col I, FN, and α‐smooth muscle actin were significantly inhibited after anti‐WISP‐1 antibody treatment for 7 days in unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse models. Moreover, blockade of WISP‐1 by anti‐WISP‐1 antibody significantly reduced autophagy‐related markers, including anti‐microtubule‐associated protein‐1 light chain 3 (LC3) and beclin 1, while increasing sequestosome 1. In addition, overexpression of WISP‐1 in TECs increased autophagy as evidenced by greater numbers of GFP‐LC3 puncta and increased expression of LC3 and beclin 1 in response to TGF‐β1. In contrast, knockdown of WISP‐1 by small interfering RNA decreased the number of GFP‐LC3 puncta and the expression of LC3 and beclin 1 in TGF‐β1‐treated TECs. Collectively, these data suggest that WISP‐1, as a profibrotic protein, may mediate renal fibrosis by inducing autophagy in both obstructive nephropathy and TGF‐β1‐treated TECs. WISP‐1 may serve as an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
Chromatography process development aided by a dye‐based assay
Authors: Jasulaityte Greta , Johansson Hans J , Bracewell Daniel G 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe lifetime of chromatography resins typically averages between 10 and 300 cycles for the manufacture of a therapeutic protein. Developing and establishing the robustness of the method for each separation process represents a significant challenge and is subject to extensive regulatory oversight. This paper presents a novel fluorescence‐based assay for residual aggregated proteins to aid the evaluation of the extent of resin regeneration.RESULTSThe versatility of this method was demonstrated by using strong anion and cation exchange agarose resins Praesto Q and SP in conjunction with bovine serum albumin and monoclonal antibody feed materials. The assay entails applying a molecular rotor dye to a sample of free resin and measuring the fluorescence intensity using a plate reader or visualizing under a confocal laser scanning microscope to gain a more detailed characterization. Following five consecutive chromatography cycles, both methods revealed a 10‐fold increase in fluorescence intensity along with a proportional reduction in dynamic binding capacity. Furthermore, the use of the assay suggested that fouling was dependent on spatial bead position in the column, bead channel structure and cleaning conditions.CONCLUSIONThis work presents a simple assay suitable for use in resin lifetime studies to enhance process understanding. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
NO2‐Fe (II)Pc‐catalyzed synthesis of 2‐ferrocenyl‐5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles and study of antifungal activity
Authors: Ge Man , Feng Jie , Huang Hailian , Gou Xiaofeng , Hua Chengwen , Chen Bang , Zhao Junlong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSix novel derivatives of 2‐ferrocenyl‐5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles have been synthesized through catalytic oxidation of benzoylhydrazone with nitrophthalocyanine iron (II) as catalyst and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant. All of the compounds have been characterized by high‐resolution mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C NMR, and infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the antifungal activities of all new compounds have been evaluated and the results showed that the compounds exhibited excellent antifungal activities. In addition, the molecular structure of compound 1c could also be determined by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction.
Modified hockey stick maneuver utilizing a steerable cryoballoon catheter for left inferior pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Itoh Taihei , Kimura Masaomi , Tomita Hirofumi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSuccessful cryoballoon pulmonary vein (PV) isolation sometimes requires cryoballoon occlusion techniques including a hockey stick maneuver (HSM) using a steerable sheath, whose steerable segment should be positioned in the left atrium (LA) for left inferior PV (LIPV) occlusion. However, a small LA can cause a transseptal puncture site adjacent to both the LIPV ostium and the LA roof, leading to the steerable segment out of the LA during the HSM. This report illustrates a modified HSM utilizing a steerable cryoballoon catheter, which might be considered as an option when the standard one is not operated as the LIPV occlusion technique.
More hots: Quantifying upward trends in the number of extremely hot days and nights in Tallahassee, Florida, USA: 1892–2018
Authors: Elsner James B. , Elsner Svetoslava C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHot day and night occurrences in Tallahassee, Florida, USA are analysed and modelled. A hot day is defined as one during which the high temperature exceeds 100°F (37.8°C). A hot night is defined as one during which the low temperature fails to drop below 77°F (25°C). The U.S. National Weather Service Office (WSO) Tallahassee official record shows an upward trend in the number of hot days at a rate of 2.1% (±.96% margin of error [moe]) per year and a more pronounced upward trend in the number of hot nights at a rate of 4.5% (±.71% moe) per year. Increasingly frequent hot days and nights result from more and longer hot events (consecutive hot days/nights). Upward trends estimated from a 127‐year time series of annual hot day/night counts, with the years prior to 1940 adjusted for location, are consistent with upward trends estimated over the shorter, more recent, period. With projected continued warming we expect more hot days and nights making uncomfortable and unhealthy conditions more common in the city.
Prevalence of Bloodstream Infections in Children With Short‐Bowel Syndrome With a Central Line Presenting to Emergency Department With Fever
Authors: Fifi Amanda C. , Bayes Liz , Ehrenpreis Eli D. , Chavez Hector 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren with short‐bowel syndrome (SBS) have significant morbidity and mortality from bloodstream infections (BSIs). We studied the prevalence of BSI in children with SBS and identified possible predictors of BSI.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients with SBS who presented to Holtz Children's Hospital from April 1, 2009, to June 30, 2014, with fever or reported fever. Data including vital signs, white blood cell (WBC) count, C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, and blood and urine cultures were reviewed. We calculated the prevalence of BSI and its confidence level. We also assessed the odds of BSI with increases in WBC and CRP values.ResultsA total of 246 encounters were evaluated. The adjusted calculated prevalence rate for BSI in children with SBS and fever was 55% (95% CI, 42.3%–65.4%). There were 114 gram‐negative infections (72.6%), 46 gram‐positive infections (29.3%), and 17 fungal infections (10.8%). Using the regression model, each additional 10 units above 20 mg/L CRP increased the odds of BSI by 26%. There was no association between WBC count and the presence of BSI.ConclusionChildren with fever and SBS are at high risk for BSI with gram‐positive and gram‐negative organisms as well as fungus. WBC count at presentation is a poor predictor of BSI. Though elevated CRP increased the odds of BSI, its low negative predictive value made it a poor predictor of BSI in these patients. Children with SBS and fever should be treated urgently with broad‐spectrum antibiotics.
Effect of pharmacist‐led medication review on medication appropriateness in older adults with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Tesfaye Wubshet H. , Wimmer Barbara C. , Peterson Gregory M. , Castelino Ronald L. , Jose Matthew , McKercher Charlotte , Zaidi Syed Tabish R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of pharmacist‐led review on medication appropriateness in 204 older patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) admitted to an Australian hospital. Medication appropriateness was evaluated using the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) prior to medication review, after review (assuming all recommendations were accepted by physicians) and after outcome (acceptance/non‐acceptance) of recommendations. Overall, 95 patients (46%) received a medication review by pharmacists. The median (interquartile range) MAI score decreased significantly from a baseline of 7 (3–12) to 5 (2–10) after medication review (p < 0.001) and to 6 (2–10) after the outcome of recommendations (p < 0.01). The MAI score also decreased in patients with no medication review by a pharmacist from 6 (3–11) at admission to 5 (2–9) at discharge (p < 0.001). MAI scores declined markedly in people with all pharmacist‐conducted medication review recommendations accepted (from 7 to 3; p < 0.05). Reassuringly, hospitalisation alone improved medication appropriateness. However, pharmacist‐led medication review can further optimise medication appropriateness in older CKD patients, particularly when the recommendations are implemented.
Improving medication adherence in people with dementia through a technological design
Authors: El‐Saifi Najwan , Moyle Wendy , Jones Cindy J. , Tuffaha Haitham W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study aims to describe a protocol to develop a conceptual design for a technological device based on theoretical knowledge to improve medication adherence in people with dementia. The six steps of the intervention mapping approach will be systematically applied. Step 1 will be a needs assessment using a mixed‐methods approach: a survey and interviews with carers to identify determinants of medication non‐adherence. Device outcomes and objectives will be set in Step 2 followed by the selection of practical theory‐informed methods in Step 3. In Step 4, the structure of the conceptual design will be determined through a Delphi technique. Finally, the implementation and evaluation plans for the design will be developed in Steps 5 and 6. To improve medication adherence in this population, the design should address the condition, patients’ and caregivers’ needs and factors contributing to the problem. Involvement of end‐users and a multidisciplinary team will ensure a practical and fit‐for‐purpose design bridging the gap between research and practice.