bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of false‐positive results for future cancer screenings
Authors: Taksler Glen B. , Keating Nancy L. , Rothberg Michael B. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDFalse‐positive cancer screening results may affect a patient's willingness to obtain future screening.METHODSThe authors conducted logistic regression analysis of 450,484 person‐years of electronic medical records (2006‐2015) in 92,405 individuals aged 50 to 75 years. Exposures were false‐positive breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer screening test results (repeat breast imaging or negative breast biopsy ≤3 months after screening mammography, repeat prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] test ≤3 months after PSA test result ≥4.0 ng/mL or negative prostate biopsy ≤3 months after any PSA result, or negative colonoscopy [without biopsy/polypectomy] ≤6 months after a positive fecal occult blood test). Outcomes were up‐to‐date status with breast or colorectal cancer screening. Covariates included prior screening history, clinical information (eg, family history, obesity, and smoking status), comorbidity, and demographics.RESULTSWomen were more likely to be up to date with breast cancer screening if they previously had false‐positive mammography findings (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.43 [95% confidence interval, 1.34‐1.51] without breast biopsy and AOR, 2.02 [95% confidence interval, 1.56‐2.62] with breast biopsy; both P<.001). The same women were more likely to be up to date with colorectal cancer screening (AOR range, 1.25‐1.47 depending on breast biopsy; both P<.001). Men who previously had false‐positive PSA testing were more likely to be up to date with colorectal cancer screening (AOR, 1.22 [P = .039] without prostate imaging/biopsy and AOR, 1.60 [P = .028] with imaging/biopsy). Results were stronger for individuals with more false‐positive results (all P≤.005). However, women with previous false‐positive colorectal cancer fecal occult blood test screening results were found to be less likely to be up to date with breast cancer screening (AOR, 0.73; P<.001).CONCLUSIONSPatients who previously had a false‐positive breast or prostate cancer screening test were more likely to engage in future screening. Cancer 2018;124:2390‐8. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
A New Phase Transfer Strategy to Convert Protein‐Capped Nanomaterials into Uniform Fluorescent Nanoclusters in Reverse Micellar Phase
Authors: Sahu Dillip Kumar , Pal Tapas , Sahu Kalyanasis 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA new phase transfer strategy to convert aqueous phase protein‐protected nanomaterials into fluorescent nanoclusters in the reverse micellar environment is introduced using bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐protected silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) and nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an example. The basic pH employed in the fabrication of protein‐protected nanoclusters induces the the protein capping to be negatively charged and facilitates the transfer process of the nanomaterials from aqueous phase to a cationic gemini surfactant (16‐2‐16)/hexane/hexanol/water reverse micelle (RM) phase. The original fluorescence characteristics of the seed nanocluster is retained after the transfer process. Strikingly, when both the nanomaterials (AgNCs and AgNPs) coexist in the aqueous feed solution, they are exclusively converted into uniform nanoclusters in the RM extract with enhanced fluorescence intensity.
Be‐ and Mg‐Based Electron and Anion Sponges
Authors: Montero‐Campillo M. Merced , Mó Otilia , Yáñez Manuel , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBy using G4(MP2) high‐level ab initio methods, we show that Be and Mg derivatives of cyclopropane exhibit very large electron and anion affinities, reflecting the electron‐deficient nature of the −BeX and −MgX (X=CH3, F, Cl, CN) substituents. In particular, these compounds present electron affinities among the largest reported for neutral closed‐shell systems. Their anion affinities are also among the largest reported for single neutral molecules, indeed higher than the 1,8‐diBeX‐naphthalene (X=F, Cl, CN) derivatives, recently shown to behave as anion sponges. Quite unexpectedly, our results indicate that the intrinsic anion affinity of the Mg‐containing compounds is higher than that of the Be‐containing analogs.
Advanced filter design technique based on equivalent circuits and coupling matrix segmentation
Authors: Martinez Martinez David , Pons Abenza Alejandro , Romera Perez Antonio , Hinojosa Juan , Quesada‐Pereira Fernando , Alvarez‐Melcon Alejandro , Guglielmi Marco 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a technique for the efficient design of bandpass waveguide microwave filters using a segmentation technique applied to an equivalent circuit. The technique is based on first developing an equivalent circuit that synthesizes the desired transfer function. Then, the different parts of the real physical structure are optimized by segmenting this equivalent circuit. The technique was originally developed for in‐line filters, and the main contribution of this paper is in the combination of this technique with the coupling matrix formalism. In this way, we adapt for the first time this design strategy to the design of complex coupling topologies, beyond the in‐line configuration. As an example, a complex sixth‐order dual‐mode filter, implemented in all‐inductive waveguide technology, is designed using the new coupling matrix segmentation technique, showing the effectiveness of the presented theory. A prototype of the filter has been manufactured, and the accuracy of the design technique is verified by measurements on the real prototype.
Tr1 cell immunotherapy promotes transplant tolerance via de novo Tr1 cell induction in mice and is safe and effective during acute viral infection
Authors: Jofra Tatiana , Di Fonte Roberta , Galvani Giuseppe , Kuka Mirela , Iannacone Matteo , Battaglia Manuela , Fousteri Georgia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTr1 cell therapy is considered an emerging approach to improve transplant tolerance and enhance allogeneic graft survival. However, it remains unclear how Tr1 cells promote transplant tolerance and whether they will be safe and stable in the face of an acute viral infection. By employing a mouse model of pancreatic islet transplantation, we report that Tr1 cell therapy promoted transplant tolerance via de novo induction of Tr1 cells in the recipients. Acute viral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) had no impact on Tr1 cell number and function, neither on the Tr1 cells infused nor on the ones induced, and that was reflected in the robust maintenance of the graft. Moreover, Tr1 cell immunotherapy had no detrimental effect on CD8 and CD4 anti‐LCMV effector T‐cell responses and viral control. Together, these data suggest that Tr1 cells did not convert to effector cells during acute infection with LCMV, maintained transplant tolerance and did not inhibit antiviral immunity.
Electrocatalytic Discrimination between Dopamine and Norepinephrine at Graphite and Basal Plane HOPG Electrodes
Authors: Álvarez‐Martos Isabel , Ferapontova Elena E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the regulatory mechanisms of neurotransmission is impossible without in vivo monitoring of neurotransmitters’ (NTs) transformation in the brain, and that can be performed by a variety of electrochemical methods. Close redox potentials of such NTs as catecholamines, however, impede their specific analysis in systems where they do co‐exist. Here, we studied the kinetics of dopamine and norepinephrine redox transformations on glassy carbon, micro‐structured spectroscopic graphite, and basal plane HOPG electrodes. We showed that in contrast to the “positive electrocatalysis” on porous microstructured graphite electrodes, “negative electrocatalysis” at the HOPG electrodes, displayed through slowing down of the reaction rate, allowed a ca. 0.1 V separation between dopamine and norepinephrine oxidations and individual detection of dopamine in the artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Dopamine could be detected within the 50 nM to 4 μM range with no interference from excesses of norepinephrine and ascorbic acid. The results suggest a new approach for design of the electrodes for specific analysis of dopamine in mixtures of structurally related NTs.
Ionic liquid‐based headspace in‐tube liquid‐phase microextraction coupled with CE for sensitive detection of phenols
Authors: Yue Mei‐E , Lin Qiaoyan , Xu Jie , Jiang Ting‐Fu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn ionic liquid‐based headspace in‐tube liquid‐phase microextraction (IL‐HS‐ITLPME) in‐line coupled with CE is proposed. The method is capable of quantifying trace amounts of phenols in environmental water samples. In the newly developed method, simply by placing a capillary injected with ionic liquids (IL) in the HS above the aqueous sample, volatile phenols were extracted into the IL acceptor phase in the capillary. After extraction, electrophoresis of the phenols in the capillary was carried out. Extraction parameters such as the extraction time, extraction temperature, ionic strength, volume of the sample solution, and IL types were systematically investigated. Under the optimized conditions, enrichment factors for four phenols were from 1510 to 1985. The proposed method provided a good linearity, low limits of detection (below 5.0 ng/mL), and good repeatability of the extractions (RSDs below 6.7%, n = 6). This method was then utilized to analyze two real environmental samples of Xiaoxi Lake and tap water, obtaining acceptable recoveries and precisions. Compared with the usual HS‐ITLPME for CE, IL‐HS‐ITLPME‐CE is a simple, low cost, fast, and environmentally friendly preconcentration technique.
A novel All‐in‐One electrolysis electrode and bioreactor enable better study of electrochemical effects and electricity‐aided bioprocesses
Authors: Utesch Tyll , Zeng An‐Ping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn autoclavable All‐in‐One electrolysis electrode in a rod shape assembly is developed as a new tool for bioelectrochemical systems and electricity‐aided bioprocesses. It can replace the classic two‐chamber bioelectrochemical system for electrolysis reactions, be inserted into conventional bioreactors and is easily adaptable as electrocatalytic surface or generator of super‐fine bubbles (H2 and O2) for bioconversion processes. Whereas the bioreactor itself functions as the working electrode chamber, a well‐integrated inner counter electrode chamber enables water electrolysis without the normally encountered undesired ion‐transfer effect. The efficiencies of the electrode are characterized and its advantages and usefulness compared to the classic H‐Cell bioelectrochemical system (BES) are demonstrated with glycerol fermentations by Clostridium pasteurianum DSM 525.
The effective stiffness of modern unreinforced masonry walls
Authors: Wilding Bastian Valentin , Beyer Katrin 
Published: April 2018

SummaryCode design of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings is based on elastic analysis, which requires as input parameter the effective stiffness of URM walls. Eurocode estimates the effective stiffness as 50% of the gross sectional elastic stiffness, but comparisons with experimental results have shown that this may not yield accurate predictions. In this paper, 79 shear‐compression tests of modern URM walls of different masonry typologies from the literature are investigated. It shows that both the initial and the effective stiffness increase with increasing axial load ratio and that the effective‐to‐initial stiffness ratios are approximately 75% rather than the stipulated 50%. An empirical relationship that estimates the E‐modulus as a function of the axial load and the masonry compressive strength is proposed, yielding better estimates of the elastic modulus than the provision in Eurocode 6, which calculates the E‐modulus as a multiple of the compressive strength. For computing the ratio of the effective to initial stiffness, a mechanics‐based formulation is built on a recently developed analytical model for the force‐displacement response of URM walls. The model attributes the loss in stiffness to diagonal cracking and brick crushing, both of which are taken into account using mechanical considerations. The obtained results of the effective‐to‐initial stiffness ratio agree well with the test data. A sensitivity analysis using the validated model shows that the ratio of effective‐to‐initial stiffness is for most axial load ratios and wall geometries around 75%. Therefore, a modification of the fixed ratio of effective‐to‐initial stiffness from 50% to 75% is suggested.
Interlaboratory evaluation of methods to quantify skin‐sensitizing hydroperoxides of limonene and linalool (II): Analysis in cosmetic bases
Authors: Natsch Andreas , Kern Susanne , Corbi Elise , Pérès Christophe , Nägelin Marco , Leijs Hans , van Strien Michel , Calandra Michael J. , Wang Ying 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe fragrant terpenes limonene and linalool can form skin‐sensitizing hydroperoxides (HPs) upon prolonged exposure to air. Sources of exposure of consumers to sensitizing doses of HPs have not been identified, and it is not clear whether fragranced products are a relevant source. Previously this question was addressed via analytical studies on fine fragrances; however, linalool and limonene are widely used in different consumer products, especially in other leave‐on toiletries. Hence, analytical methods also need to be able to detect potential HPs in more complex consumer product matrices. Here we applied different simple extraction methods and a toolbox of analytical methods to creams and lotions. Blinded samples of a commercial skin cream and a body lotion were spiked with four different HPs at different doses. Five laboratories analysed the samples with a method based on HP reduction in the sample, followed by Extrelut® NT extraction and GC‐MS to quantify the formed alcohols. This method found an average recovery of spiked levels of 80–105%, with a relative standard deviation between laboratories of 11–25% in samples spiked with 100–200 μg g−1. Quantification was also possible in samples spiked with 20–50 μg mL−1, with a relative standard deviation between laboratories of 11–38%. Thus, this method can indirectly detect low levels of HPs in complex bases. In parallel, the same samples were analysed with three LC‐based methods directly detecting the parent HPs: LC coupled with chemiluminescence, LC‐Q‐TOF‐MS, and LC‐orbitrap‐MS. On average, the different analytes were detected with a recovery of 80–143%. No HPs were detected in the non‐spiked products, despite the fact that they do contain linalool and limonene. Results of these studies indicate that consumer exposure can now be studied routinely in different product types as the required methods are ready for roll‐out.
Genetic associations with childhood brain growth, defined in two longitudinal cohorts
Authors: Szekely Eszter , Schwantes‐An Tae‐ Hwi Linus , Justice Cristina M. , Sabourin Jeremy A. , Jansen Philip R. , Muetzel Ryan L. , Sharp Wendy , Tiemeier Henning , Sung Heejong , White Tonya J. , Wilson Alexander F. , Shaw Philip 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTGenome‐wide association studies (GWASs) are unraveling the genetics of adult brain neuroanatomy as measured by cross‐sectional anatomic magnetic resonance imaging (aMRI). However, the genetic mechanisms that shape childhood brain development are, as yet, largely unexplored. In this study we identify common genetic variants associated with childhood brain development as defined by longitudinal aMRI. Genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were determined in two cohorts: one enriched for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (LONG cohort: 458 participants; 119 with ADHD) and the other from a population‐based cohort (Generation R: 257 participants). The growth of the brain's major regions (cerebral cortex, white matter, basal ganglia, and cerebellum) and one region of interest (the right lateral prefrontal cortex) were defined on all individuals from two aMRIs, and a GWAS and a pathway analysis were performed. In addition, association between polygenic risk for ADHD and brain growth was determined for the LONG cohort. For white matter growth, GWAS meta‐analysis identified a genome‐wide significant intergenic SNP (rs12386571, P = 9.09 × 10−9), near AKR1B10. This gene is part of the aldo‐keto reductase superfamily and shows neural expression. No enrichment of neural pathways was detected and polygenic risk for ADHD was not associated with the brain growth phenotypes in the LONG cohort that was enriched for the diagnosis of ADHD. The study illustrates the use of a novel brain growth phenotype defined in vivo for further study.
The wmN1 enhancer region in intron 1 is required for expression of human PLP1
Authors: Hamdan Hamdan , Patyal Pankaj , Kockara Neriman T. , Wight Patricia A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe myelin proteolipid protein gene (PLP1) encodes the most abundant protein present in myelin from the central nervous system (CNS). Its expression must be tightly controlled as evidenced by mutations that alter PLP1 dosage; both overexpression (elevated PLP1 copy number) and lack thereof (PLP1 deletion) result in X‐linked genetic disorders in man. However, not much is known about the mechanisms that govern expression of the human gene. To address this, transgenic mice were generated which utilize human PLP1 (hPLP1) sequences (proximal 6.2 kb of 5′‐flanking DNA to the first 38 bp of exon 2) to drive expression of a lacZ reporter cassette. LoxP sites were incorporated around a 1.5‐kb section of hPLP1 intron 1 since it contains sequence orthologous to the wmN1 region from mouse which, previously, was shown to augment expression of a minimally‐promoted transgene coincident with the active myelination period of CNS development. Eight transgenic lines were generated with the parental, 6.2hPLP(+)Z/FL, transgene. All lines expressed the transgene appropriately in brain as evidenced by staining with X‐gal in white matter regions and olfactory bulb. Removal of the “wmN1” region from 6.2hPLP(+)Z/FL with a ubiquitously expressed Cre‐driver caused a dramatic reduction in transgene activity. These results demonstrate for the first time that the wmN1 enhancer region: (1) is functional in hPLP1; (2) works in collaboration with its native promoter—not just a basal heterologous promoter; (3) is required for high levels of hPLP1 gene activity; (4) has a broader effect, both spatially and temporally, than originally projected with mPlp1.
ASCL1 regulates proliferation of NG2‐glia in the embryonic and adult spinal cord
Authors: Kelenis Demetra P. , Hart Emma , Edwards‐Fligner Morgan , Johnson Jane E. , Vue Tou Yia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNG2‐glia are highly proliferative oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system (CNS). During development, NG2‐glia predominantly differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs) to myelinate axon fibers, but they can also remain as OPCs persisting into the mature CNS. Interestingly, NG2‐glia in the gray matter (GM) are intrinsically different from those in the white matter (WM) in terms of proliferation, differentiation, gene expression, and electrophysiological properties. Here we investigate the role of the transcriptional regulator, ASCL1, in controlling NG2‐glia distribution and development in the GM and WM. In the spinal cord, ASCL1 levels are higher in WM NG2‐glia than those in the GM. This differential level of ASCL1 in WM and GM NG2‐glia is maintained into adult stages. Long‐term clonal lineage analysis reveals that the progeny of single ASCL1+ oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs) and NG2‐glia are primarily restricted to the GM or WM, even though they undergo extensive proliferation to give rise to large clusters of OLs in the postnatal spinal cord. Conditional deletion of Ascl1 specifically in NG2‐glia in the embryonic or adult spinal cord resulted in a significant reduction in the proliferation but not differentiation of these cells. These findings illustrate that ASCL1 is an intrinsic regulator of the proliferative property of NG2‐glia in the CNS.
Do only children have poor vision? Evidence from China's One‐Child Policy
Authors: Zhao Liqiu , Zhou Minghai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper examines whether only children have poor vision by exploiting the quasinatural experiment generated by the Chinese One‐Child Policy. The results suggest that being an only child increases the incidence of myopia by 9.1 percentage points. We further investigate the mechanisms through which being an only child affects the myopia and find that only children, as the only hope in a household, receive higher expectations in terms of academic performance and future educational attainment and pressure to succeed in life from parents, which contribute to the increased myopia. We also find that the school quality of only children is significantly higher than that of non‐only children. This study provides new insights into an important health consequence of One‐Child Policy in China.
On the (a)symmetry between the perception of time and space in large‐scale environments
Authors: Riemer Martin , Shine Jonathan P. , Wolbers Thomas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCross‐dimensional interference between spatial and temporal processing is well documented in humans, but the direction of these interactions remains unclear. The theory of metaphoric structuring states that space is the dominant concept influencing time perception, whereas time has little effect upon the perception of space. In contrast, theories proposing a common neuronal mechanism representing magnitudes argue for a symmetric interaction between space and time perception. Here, we investigated space‐time interactions in realistic, large‐scale virtual environments. Our results demonstrate a symmetric relationship between the perception of temporal intervals in the supra‐second range and room size (experiment 1), but an asymmetric relationship between the perception of travel time and traveled distance (experiment 2). While the perception of time was influenced by the size of virtual rooms and by the distance traveled within these rooms, time itself affected only the perception of room size, but had no influence on the perception of traveled distance. These results are discussed in the context of recent evidence from rodent studies suggesting that subsets of hippocampal place and entorhinal grid cells can simultaneously code for space and time, providing a potential neuronal basis for the interactions between these domains.
Recent advances in understanding Leishmania donovani infection: The importance of diverse host regulatory pathways
Authors: Saha Amrita , Basu Moumita , Ukil Anindita 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInvasion of host cell by pathogens induce various intracellular signalling pathways. The host cell through the initiation of these signalling circuits desperately wants to get rid of the pathogen, whereas the pathogen tries to subvert these defence strategies to create an environment for their successful survival. Leishmania spp. is not an exception. Leishmania have to evolve a range of strategic mechanisms to neutralize macrophage defensive arsenals which enable the parasite to replicate within the phagolysosome of infected host. Understanding these signalling mechanisms in detail will not only improve our basic knowledge of host‐pathogen interaction but will also help us to develop effective drug targets not only against leishmaniasis but also for many other macrophage associated diseases. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(7):593–601, 2018