bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sellars's Two Images as a Philosopher's Tool
Authors: DACH STEFANIE 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe distinction between the manifest and the scientific image of man‐in‐the‐world is widely seen as crucial to Wilfrid Sellars's philosophical work. The present essay agrees with this view. It contends, however, that precisely because the distinction is important, we should not hurry to a quick and superficial understanding of it. The essay identifies several oversimplifications that can be found in the literature on the topic and argues that they are at least partly rooted in too rigid a view of the role that the two‐image distinction plays in Sellars's philosophy. It shows that this rigid approach is quite common in the secondary literature, either explicitly or by implication. It then presents a more cautious, flexible approach to the problem of the two images and explains why this approach is fruitful on the basis of textual evidence, along with the overall advantages of interpreting Sellars's thought as a whole.
Environmental Ethics And Yellowstone: Preservation Of Geological Rarities
Authors: DURAN JANE 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article uses a core group of three arguments to support the contention that Yellowstone National Park's thermal sites deserve special efforts to preserve them, and that this goes above and beyond the general spirit motivating the national parks. It considers arguments having to do with educational value and rarity, and an argument that relies on aesthetic constructs. For purposes of evaluating the notion of rarity, comparison is made to work on the rare saline water preserve of Mono Lake. Part and parcel of this line of debate has to do with the notion that there has been a general lack of commentary on the value of geothermal areas. The work of William J. Fritz and Robert C. Thomas, Marc Hendrix, and others is cited.
Thick and Thin Methodology in Applied Ethics
Authors: Lurie Yotam 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper uses the distinction between thick and thin ethical concepts to illuminate the philosophical discourse referred to as “applied ethics.” It explores what thick ethical concepts have to offer in terms of a method for discussing issues in applied ethics. By focusing on thick ethical concepts, applied ethics can avoid the pitfall of creating a conceptual gap between empirical discourse and normative discourse. Applied ethics, the paper argues, is linked to philosophical and anthropological aspirations that have traditionally sought to uncover the thick normative vocabulary relevant to particular practices and cultures. By focusing on thick descriptions, applied ethics discloses the rich normative meaning of our social practices and social relations. The concepts used therein are often unintelligible apart from the particular social practices through which their meaning is manifested. Accordingly, thick ethical concepts are philosophically useful for adopting a nonrepresentational conception of language, which underlies the expression of meaning of particular social practices.
Quine's Naturalism and Behaviorisms
Authors: Cheng Tony 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the complicated relations between various versions of naturalism, behaviorism, and mentalism within the framework of W. V. O. Quine's thinking. It begins with Roger Gibson's reconstruction of Quine's behaviorisms and argues that it lacks a crucial ontological element and misconstrues the relation between philosophy and science. After getting clear of Quine's naturalism, the paper distinguishes between evidential, methodological, and ontological behaviorisms. The evidential and methodological versions are often conflated, but they need to be clearly distinguished in order to see whether Quine's argument against mentalism is cogent. The paper argues that Quine's naturalism supports only the weakest version of behaviorism, that is, the evidential one, but this version is compatible with mentalistic semantics. Quine's opposition to mentalism is an overreaction against the behaviorist camp. By contrast, Jerry Fodor's objection to José Luis Bermúdez is an overreaction from the opposite direction.
Moral Tuning
Authors: Sivertsen Sveinung Sundfør , Halstead Jill , Slaattelid Rasmus T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCan a set of musical metaphors in a treatise on ethics reveal something about the nature and source of moral autonomy? This article argues that it can. It shows how metaphorical usage of words like tone, pitch, and concord in Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments can be understood as elements of an analogical model for morality. What this model tells us about morality depends on how we conceptualise music. In contrast to earlier interpretations of Smith's metaphors that have seen music as an aesthetic object, this article sees music as a practice. Understood in this way, the analogy allows us to see morality too as a practice––as moral tuning. This in turn reveals a novel answer to the intractable problem of conventionalism: moral autonomy consists in the freedom inherent in the constant need to interpret and reinterpret the strictly formal ideal of perfect propriety.
Lower-Extremity Kinematics During Ankle Inversion Perturbations: A Novel Experimental Protocol That Simulates an Unexpected Lateral Ankle Sprain Mechanism
Authors: Simpson Jeffrey D. , Stewart Ethan M. , Mosby Anastasia M. , Macias David M. , Chander Harish , Knight Adam C. 
Published: July 2018

Context: Lateral ankle sprains are a common injury in which the mechanics of injury have been extensively studied. However, the anticipatory mechanisms to ankle inversion perturbations are not well understood. Objective: To examine lower-extremity kinematics, including spatial and temporal variables of maximum inversion displacement and maximum inversion velocity, during landings on a tilted surface using a new experimental protocol to replicate a lateral ankle sprain. Setting: Three-dimensional motion analysis laboratory. Participants: A total of 23 healthy adults. Interventions: Participants completed unexpected (UE) and expected (EXP) unilateral landings onto a tilted surface rotated 25° in the frontal plane from a height of 30 cm. Main Outcome Measures: Ankle, knee, and hip kinematics at each discrete time point from 150 ms pre-initial contact (IC) to 150 ms post-IC, in addition to maximum ankle inversion and maximum inversion velocity, were compared between UE and EXP landings. Results: The UE landing produced significantly greater maximum inversion displacement (P < .01) and maximum inversion velocity (P = .02) than the EXP landing. Significantly less ankle inversion and internal rotation were found during pre-IC, whereas during post-IC, significantly greater ankle inversion, ankle internal rotation, knee flexion, and knee abduction were observed for the UE landing (P < .05). In addition, significantly less hip flexion and hip adduction were observed for the UE landing during pre-IC and post-IC (P < .05). Conclusions: Differences in the UE and EXP landings indicate the experimental protocol presented a UE inversion perturbation that approximates the mechanism of a lateral ankle sprain. Furthermore, knowledge of the inversion perturbation elicited a hip-dominant strategy, which may be utilized to assist with ankle joint stabilization during landing to further protect the lateral ankle from injury.
Does MRI add value in general practice for patients with traumatic knee complaints? A 1-year randomised controlled trial
Authors: Swart Nynke M , van Oudenaarde Kim , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita MA , Bloem Hans JL , van den Hout Wilbert B , Algra Paul R , Bindels Patrick JE , Koes Bart W , Nelissen Rob GHH , Verhaar Jan AN , Reijnierse Monique , Luijsterburg Pim AJ 
Published: July 2018

Objective
To determine whether referral to MRI by the general practitioner (GP) is non-inferior to usual care (no access to MRI by GPs) in patients with traumatic knee complaints regarding knee-related daily function.

Methods
This was a multicentre, non-inferiority randomised controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. GPs invited eligible patients during or after their consultation. Eligible patients (18–45 years) consulted a GP with knee complaints due to a trauma during the previous 6 months. Patients allocated to the MRI group received an MRI at (median) 7 (IQR 1–33) days after the baseline questionnaire. Patients in the usual care group received information on the course of knee complaints, and a referral to a physiotherapist or orthopaedic surgeon when indicated. The primary outcome measure was knee-related daily function measured with the Lysholm scale (0 to 100; 100=excellent function) over 1 year, with a non-inferiority margin of 6 points.

Results
A total of 356 patients were included and randomised to MRI (n=179) or usual care (n=177) from November 2012 to December 2015. MRI was non-inferior to usual care concerning knee-related daily function during 1-year follow-up, for the intention-to-treat (overall adjusted estimate: 0.33; 95% CI −1.73 to 2.39) and per-protocol (overall adjusted estimate: 0.06; 95% CI −2.08 to 2.19) analysis. There were no differences between both groups in the amount of patients visiting other healthcare providers.

Conclusion
MRI in general practice in patients with traumatic knee complaints was non-inferior to usual care regarding knee-related daily function during 1-year follow-up.

Trial registration number
NTR3689.
High energy physics and cosmology at the unification frontier: Opportunities and challenges in the coming years
Authors: Nath Pran 
Published: July 2018

We give here an overview of recent developments in high energy physics and cosmology and their interconnections that relate to unification, and discuss prospects for the future. Thus there are currently three empirical data that point to supersymmetry as an underlying symmetry of particle physics: the unification of gauge couplings within supersymmetry, the fact that nature respects the supersymmetry prediction that the Higgs boson mass lie below 130 GeV, and vacuum stability up to the Planck scale with a Higgs boson mass at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]125 GeV while the Standard Model does not do that. Coupled with the fact that supersymmetry solves the big hierarchy problem related to the quadratic divergence to the Higgs boson mass square along with the fact that there is no alternative paradigm that allows us to extrapolate physics from the electroweak scale to the grand unification scale consistent with experiment, supersymmetry remains a compelling framework for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The large loop correction to the Higgs boson mass in supersymmetry to lift the tree mass to the experimentally observable value, indicates a larger value of the scale of weak scale supersymmetry, making the observation of sparticles more challenging but still within reach at the LHC for the lightest ones. Recent analyses show that a high energy LHC (HE-LHC) operating at 27 TeV running at its optimal luminosity of [Formula: see text] can reduce the discovery period by several years relative to HL-LHC and significantly extend the reach in parameter space of models. In the coming years several experiments related to neutrino physics, searches for supersymmetry, on dark matter and dark energy will have direct impact on the unification frontier. Thus the discovery of sparticles will establish supersymmetry as a fundamental symmetry of nature and also lend direct support for strings. Further, discovery of sparticles associated with missing energy will constitute discovery of dark matter with LSP being the dark matter. On the cosmology front more accurate measurement of the equation of state, i.e. [Formula: see text], will shed light on the nature of dark energy. Specifically, [Formula: see text] will likely indicate the existence of a dynamical field, possibly quintessence, responsible for dark energy and [Formula: see text] would indicate an entirely new sector of physics. Further, more precise measurements of the ratio [Formula: see text] of tensor to scalar power spectrum, of the scalar and tensor spectral indices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and of non-Gaussianity will hopefully allow us to realize a Standard Model of inflation. These results will be a guide to further model building that incorporates unification of particle physics and cosmology.
Mouse Homolog of the Human TP53 R337H Mutation Reveals Its Role in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Park Ji-Hoon , Li Jie , Starost Matthew F. , Liu Chengyu , Zhuang Jie , Chen Jichun , Achatz Maria I. , Kang Ju-Gyeong , Wang Ping-yuan , Savage Sharon A. , Hwang Paul M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Inheritance of germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 causes Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a cancer predisposition disorder. The arginine to histidine substitution at amino acid position 337 of p53 (R337H) is a founder mutation highly prevalent in southern and southeastern Brazil and is considered an LFS mutation. Although this mutation is of significant clinical interest, its role in tumorigenesis using animal models has not been described. Here, we generate a knockin mouse model containing the homologous R337H mutation (mouse R334H). De novo tumorigenesis was not significantly increased in either heterozygous (p53334R/H) or homozygous (p53334H/H) p53 R334H knockin mice compared with wild-type mice. However, susceptibility to diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver carcinogenesis was increased in a mutant allele dose-dependent manner. In parallel, p53334H/H mice exposed to DEN exhibited increased DNA damage but decreased cell-cycle regulation in the liver. Oligomerization of p53, which is required for transactivation of target genes, was reduced in R334H liver, consistent with its decreased nuclear activity compared with wild-type. By modeling a TP53 mutation in mice that has relatively weak cancer penetrance, this study provides in vivo evidence that the human R337H mutation can compromise p53 activity and promote tumorigenesis.
Significance: A germline mutation in the oligomerization domain of p53 decreases its transactivation potential and renders mice susceptible to carcinogen-induced liver tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5375–83. ©2018 AACR.
Single-Molecule Sequencing Reveals Patterns of Preexisting Drug Resistance That Suggest Treatment Strategies in Philadelphia-Positive Leukemias
Authors: Schmitt Michael W. , Pritchard Justin R. , Leighow Scott M. , Aminov Bella I. , Beppu Lan , Kim Daniel S. , Hodgson J. Graeme , Rivera Victor M. , Loeb Lawrence A. , Radich Jerald P. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Sequential treatment with targeted therapies can result in complex combinations of resistance mutations in drug targets. This mutational complexity has spurred the development of pan-target inhibitors, i.e., therapies for which no single target mutation can cause resistance. Because the propensity for on- versus off-target resistance varies across cancer types, a deeper understanding of the mutational burden in drug targets could rationalize treatment outcomes and prioritize pan-target inhibitors for indications where on-target mutations are most likely.
Experimental Design: To measure and model the mutational landscape of a drug target at high resolution, we integrated single-molecule Duplex Sequencing of the ABL1 gene in Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) leukemias with computational simulations.
Results: A combination of drug target mutational burden and tumor-initiating cell fraction is sufficient to predict that most patients with chronic myeloid leukemia are unlikely to harbor ABL1 resistance mutations at the time of diagnosis, rationalizing the exceptional success of targeted therapy in this setting. In contrast, our analysis predicts that many patients with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) harbor multiple preexisting resistant cells with single mutants. The emergence of compound mutations can be traced to initial use of an ABL1 inhibitor that is susceptible to resistance from single point mutations.
Conclusions: These results argue that early use of therapies that achieve pan-inhibition of ABL1 resistance mutants might improve outcomes in Ph+ ALL. Our findings show how a deep understanding of the mutational burden in drug targets can be quantitatively coupled to phenotypic heterogeneity to rationalize clinical phenomena. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5321–34. ©2018 AACR.
Immunomarker Support Vector Machine Classifier for Prediction of Gastric Cancer Survival and Adjuvant Chemotherapeutic Benefit
Authors: Jiang Yuming , Xie Jingjing , Han Zhen , Liu Wei , Xi Sujuan , Huang Lei , Huang Weicai , Lin Tian , Zhao Liying , Hu Yanfeng , Yu Jiang , Zhang Qi , Li Tuanjie , Cai Shirong , Li Guoxin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Current tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging system cannot provide adequate information for prediction of prognosis and chemotherapeutic benefits. We constructed a classifier to predict prognosis and identify a subset of patients who can benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Experimental Design: We detected expression of 15 immunohistochemistry (IHC) features in tumors from 251 gastric cancer (GC) patients and evaluated the association of their expression level with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Then, integrating multiple clinicopathologic features and IHC features, we used support vector machine (SVM)–based methods to develop a prognostic classifier (GC-SVM classifier) with features. Further validation of the GC-SVM classifier was performed in two validation cohorts of 535 patients.
Results: The GC-SVM classifier integrated patient sex, carcinoembryonic antigen, lymph node metastasis, and the protein expression level of eight features, including CD3invasive margin (IM), CD3center of tumor (CT), CD8IM, CD45ROCT, CD57IM, CD66bIM, CD68CT, and CD34. Significant differences were found between the high- and low-GC-SVM patients in 5-year OS and DFS in training and validation cohorts. Multivariate analysis revealed that the GC-SVM classifier was an independent prognostic factor. The classifier had higher predictive accuracy for OS and DFS than TNM stage and can complement the prognostic value of the TNM staging system. Further analysis revealed that stage II and III GC patients with high-GC-SVM were likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Conclusions: The newly developed GC-SVM classifier was a powerful predictor of OS and DFS. Moreover, the GC-SVM classifier could predict which patients with stage II and III GC benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5574–84. ©2018 AACR.
Radiation-Induced Myofibroblasts Promote Tumor Growth via Mitochondrial ROS–Activated TGFβ Signaling
Authors: Shimura Tsutomu , Sasatani Megumi , Kawai Hidehiko , Kamiya Kenji , Kobayashi Junya , Komatsu Kenshi , Kunugita Naoki 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Fibroblasts are a key stromal cell in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promote tumor growth via release of various growth factors. Stromal fibroblasts in cancer, called cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), are related to myofibroblasts, an activated form of fibroblast. While investigating the role of stroma fibroblasts on radiation-related carcinogenesis, it was observed following long-term fractionated radiation (FR) that the morphology of human diploid fibroblasts changed from smaller spindle shapes to larger flat shapes. These cells expressed smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors, markers of myofibroblasts and CAFs, respectively. Long-term FR induces progressive damage to the fibroblast nucleus and mitochondria via increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Here, it is demonstrated that long-term FR-induced α-SMA–positive cells have decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and activated oxidative stress responses. Antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine suppressed radiation-induced mitochondrial damage and generation of myofibroblasts. These results indicate that mitochondrial ROS are associated with the acquisition of myofibroblasts after long-term FR. Mechanistically, mitochondrial ROS activated TGFβ signaling which in turn mediated the expression of α-SMA in radiation-induced myofibroblasts. Finally, in vivo tumor growth analysis in a human tumor xenograft model system revealed that long-term FR-induced myofibroblasts promote tumor growth by enhancing angiogenesis.
Implications: Radiation affects malignant cancer cells directly and indirectly via molecular alterations in stromal fibroblasts such as activation of TGFβ and angiogenic signaling pathways. Mol Cancer Res; 16(11); 1676–86. ©2018 AACR.
Corpo e alma da arte moderna em São Paulo
Authors: Peixoto Fernanda Arêas 
Published: July 2018

Esta resenha do livro De Anita ao museu (1976 ) enfoca os ensaios de Paulo Mendes de Almeida sobre os anos modernistas em São Paulo. Os textos reunidos no volume foram originalmente publicados nos anos 1950, quando o autor era um crítico ativo de arte e jornalista na imprensa de São Paulo. Esta nova edição é enriquecida por notas, imagens e documentos.
Arbitrariedade, Incertezas e Redes: um "voo baixo" sobre o mundo inteiro
Authors: Figueiredo Felipe Silva 
Published: July 2018

Em O Mundo Inteiro Como Lugar Estranho, livro de caráter ensaístico, Cancliniaborda diversos aspectos culturais da contemporaneidade em tempos de decomposição social. As estruturas que acreditávamos estáveis e as teorias que considerávamos como explicativas das realidades sociais já não se sustentam num mundo em que os atores ligados às redes sociotécnicas criam e recriam a todo instante suas formas de associação. No livro, o autor percorre este mundo como um lugar estranho, lançando-se num “voo baixo” sobre temas como: ser estrangeiro; a democracia que, a seus olhos, ganha o adjetivo de “canalha”; formas de hacktivismo; maneiras de escrever ciência e literatura; além de falar sobre os congressos acadêmicos, sempre de um ponto de vista crítico em relação a cultura ocidental dominante e às certezas magistrais.
Anthropology in performance: interview with Richard Schechner, by John C. Dawsey
Authors: Dawsey John Cowart , Schechner Richard 
Published: July 2018

During the period of June 26 to July 7, 2012, the Research Center in Anthropology, Performance, and Drama (Napedra - Núcleo de Antropologia, Performance e Drama), located at the University of São Paulo (USP), promoted a two-week event which was called “Encounters with Richard Schechner”. This was one of a series of events sponsored by Napedra as part of its thematic project, “Anthropology of performance: drama, aesthetics and ritual” 1 The following interview with Richard Schechner (RS) occurred on July 6, 2012, at the Laboratory of Image and Sound in Anthropology (LISA), of USP.
BALIKESİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN AKADEMİK HİZMETLERE İLİŞKİN BEKLENTİLERİ VE YAŞAM MEMNUNİYET DÜZEYİ
Authors: Türköz Kumru , Çetintaş Hakan , Bicil İbrahim Murat 
Published: July 2018

Küreselleşme
ile ortaya çıkan yeniden yapılanma süreci tüm sektörleri olduğu gibi
üniversiteleri de derinden etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda öğrencilerin akademik
beklentileri ve memnuniyetleri kapsamında üniversitelerin rollerinin yeniden
değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Üniversite öğrencilerinin akademik yaşamdan
beklentileri ve yaşam memnuniyetlerinin belirlenmesinin öğrencilerin beşeri gelişimleri
için fiziki ve sosyal imkânların planlanması sürecine katkı sağlayacağı
düşünülmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada, Balıkesir Üniversitesi’ne
bağlı fakültelerde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin akademik hizmetlere ilişkin
beklentileri ile Balıkesir Üniversitesi’nde ve Balıkesir İlinde yaşama ilişkin
memnuniyet düzeylerini araştırmak hedeflenmiştir. Sirgy, Grezeskowiak ve
Rahtz (2007) tarafından geliştirilen
Üniversite Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeğinin kullanıldığı çalışmada 627 örneklem ele
alınmıştır. Elde edilen verilere dayalı analiz sonuçlarına göre, lisans ve
önlisans öğrencilerinin akademik yönden orta düzeyde memnun oldukları,
Balıkesir ilindeki genel yaşam kalitesinin memnuniyet düzeyinin ise düşük
olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada memnuniyet ve memnuniyetsizlik
derecelerinin cinsiyet, tercih sırası, program türü, öğrenim türü gibi
değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir.