bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophils are surprisingly common in biopsy specimens of cutaneous herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus infections: Results of a comprehensive histopathologic and clinical appraisal
Authors: Laggis Caroline , Wada David , Shah Aatman , Zussman Jamie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile usually straightforward, diagnostic features of cutaneous herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus infection (HSV/VZV) are not always present in biopsy specimens. Although intuitively the presence of eosinophils may lead the pathologist away from the diagnosis of cutaneous HSV/VZV infection, in our practice we have noted that eosinophils are often encountered in diagnostic specimens.MethodsTo deduce the frequency with which the inflammatory response accompanying cutaneous HSV/VZV infection includes significant numbers of eosinophils, we performed a retrospective review. We included 159 specimens from our database, diagnosed between 2009 and 2017. We determined the number of eosinophils in 10 high‐power fields and noted additional histologic factors including presence of follicular involvement, ulceration, and pseudolymphomatous change.ResultsOf all included cases, 63% had 0‐1 eosinophils, 24% had 2‐10 eosinophils, and 13% had more than 10 eosinophils. Statistical analysis did not reveal a significant association between any demographic or histologic features examined and the presence of increased eosinophils.ConclusionsIn this study, more than one‐third of biopsy specimens diagnostic of cutaneous HSV/VZV infection had a prominent number of eosinophils. The detection of eosinophils should not be unexpected and should not lessen diagnostic suspicion for cutaneous HSV/VZV infection.
Clinical usefulness of a deep learning‐based system as the first screening on small‐bowel capsule endoscopy reading
Authors: Aoki Tomonori , Yamada Atsuo , Aoyama Kazuharu , Saito Hiroaki , Fujisawa Gota , Odawara Nariaki , Kondo Ryo , Tsuboi Akiyoshi , Ishibashi Rei , Nakada Ayako , Niikura Ryota , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Oka Shiro , Ishihara Soichiro , Matsuda Tomoki , Nakahori Masato , Tanaka Shinji , Koike Kazuhiko , Tada Tomohiro 
Published: August 2019

Background and AimTo examine whether our convolutional neural network (CNN) system based on deep learning can reduce the reading time of endoscopists without oversight of abnormalities in the capsule‐endoscopy reading process.MethodsTwenty videos of the entire small‐bowel capsule endoscopy procedure were prepared, each of which included 0–5 lesions of small‐bowel mucosal breaks (erosions or ulcerations). At another institute, two reading processes were compared: (A) endoscopist‐alone readings and (B) endoscopist readings after the first screening by the proposed CNN. In process B, endoscopists read only images detected by CNN. Two experts and four trainees independently read 20 videos each (10 for process A and 10 for process B). Outcomes were reading time and detection rate of mucosal breaks by endoscopists. Gold standard was findings at the original institute by two experts.ResultsMean reading time of small‐bowel sections by endoscopists was significantly shorter during process B (expert, 3.1 min; trainee, 5.2 min) compared to process A (expert, 12.2 min; trainee, 20.7 min) (P < 0.001). For 37 mucosal breaks, detection rate by endoscopists did not significantly decrease in process B (expert, 87%; trainee, 55%) compared to process A (expert, 84%; trainee, 47%). Experts detected all eight large lesions (>5 mm), but trainees could not, even when supported by the CNN.ConclusionsOur CNN‐based system for capsule endoscopy videos reduced the reading time of endoscopists without decreasing the detection rate of mucosal breaks. However, the reading level of endoscopists should be considered when using the system.
The effect of hypoglycaemia during hospital admission on health‐related outcomes for people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lake A. , Arthur A. , Byrne C. , Davenport K. , Yamamoto J. M. , Murphy H. R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the health‐related outcomes of hypoglycaemia for people with diabetes admitted to hospital; specifically, hospital length of stay and mortality.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies relating to hypoglycaemia (< 4 mmol/l) for hospitalized adults (≥ 16 years) with diabetes reporting the primary outcomes of interest, hospital length of stay or mortality. Final papers for inclusion were reviewed in duplicate and the adjusted results of each were pooled, using a random effects model then undergoing further prespecified subgroup analysis.ResultsIn total, 15 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled mean difference in length of stay for ward‐based inpatients exposed to hypoglycaemia was 4.1 days longer [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.36 to 5.79; I² = 99%] compared with those without hypoglycaemia. This association remained robust across the pre‐specified subgroup analyses. The pooled relative risk (RR) of in‐hospital mortality was greater for those exposed to hypoglycaemia (RR 2.09, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.67; I² = 94%, n = 7 studies) but not in intensive care unit mortality (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.16; I² =0%, n = 2 studies).ConclusionThere is an association between inpatient hypoglycaemia and longer length of stay and greater in‐hospital mortality. Studies examining this association were heterogenous in terms of both clinical populations and effect size, but the overall direction of the association was consistent. Therefore, glucose concentration should be considered a potential tool to aid the identification of inpatients at risk of poor health‐related outcomes.
The association of imaging equipment age with other quality metrics and successful laboratory accreditation by the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission
Authors: Malhotra Saurabh , Farrell Mary Beth , Katz William E. , Soman Prem 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntersocietal Accreditation Commission (IAC) accreditation is granted or delayed depending on the fulfillment of several quality metrics. Investing in up‐to‐date equipment might reflect a commitment to quality.MethodsData from echocardiography (n = 3079) and nuclear cardiology (n = 1835) accreditation applications submitted between 2012 and 2014 were evaluated to determine the mean age of laboratory equipment. Laboratory quality was assessed by the number of missing quality metrics, and a composite quality score was calculated as the sum of missing quality metrics. A lower score thus represented better laboratory quality. The relationship between equipment age and quality was explored as an interaction term between equipment age and the composite quality score and was incorporated into regression models for prediction of accreditation status.ResultsDuring the study period, 49% of echocardiography and 42% of nuclear laboratories were granted accreditation without delay. For both echocardiography and nuclear laboratories, there was a statistically significant trend toward an increasing number of missing quality metrics with increasing quartiles of equipment age. The interaction between equipment age and the composite quality score was a significant predictor of delay of accreditation for both echocardiography and nuclear cardiology laboratories, with a stronger association for 1st‐time applicants. Among sites applying for accreditation in both modalities simultaneously, accreditation in one modality predicted the accreditation decision for the other.ConclusionsLaboratory quality is an important determinant of IAC accreditation, and equipment age is an effect modifier of this relationship. Contemporary equipment likely reflects a commitment to quality, for both echocardiography and nuclear laboratories.
Morphological evolution of the vertebrate forebrain: From mechanical to cellular processes
Authors: Aboitiz Francisco , Montiel Juan F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough the cerebral hemispheres are among the defining characters of vertebrates, each vertebrate class is characterized by a different anatomical organization of this structure, which has become highly problematic for comparative neurobiology. In this article, we discuss some mechanisms involved in the generation of this morphological divergence, based on simple spatial constraints for neurogenesis and mechanical forces generated by increasing neuronal numbers during development, and the different cellular strategies used by each group to overcome these limitations. We expect this view to contribute to unify the diverging vertebrate brain morphologies into general, simple mechanisms that help to establish homologies across groups.
Evolutionary drivers of seasonal plumage colours: colour change by moult correlates with sexual selection, predation risk and seasonality across passerines
Authors: McQueen Alexandra , Kempenaers Bart , Dale James , Valcu Mihai , Emery Zachary T. , Dey Cody J. , Peters Anne , Delhey Kaspar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSome birds undergo seasonal colour change by moulting twice each year, typically alternating between a cryptic, non‐breeding plumage and a conspicuous, breeding plumage (‘seasonal plumage colours’). We test for potential drivers of the evolution of seasonal plumage colours in all passerines (N = 5901 species, c. 60% of all birds). Seasonal plumage colours are uncommon, having appeared on multiple occasions but more frequently lost during evolution. The trait is more common in small, ground‐foraging species with polygynous mating systems, no paternal care and strong sexual dichromatism, suggesting it evolved under strong sexual selection and high predation risk. Seasonal plumage colours are also more common in species predicted to have seasonal breeding schedules, such as migratory birds and those living in seasonal climates. We propose that seasonal plumage colours have evolved to resolve a trade‐off between the effects of natural and sexual selection on colouration, especially in seasonal environments.
Twin introductions by independent invader mussel lineages are both associated with recent admixture with a native congener in Australia
Authors: Popovic Iva , Matias Ambrocio Melvin A. , Bierne Nicolas , Riginos Cynthia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroduced species can impose profound impacts on the evolution of receiving communities with which they interact. If native and introduced taxa remain reproductively semi‐isolated, human‐mediated secondary contact may promote genetic exchange across newly created hybrid zones, potentially impacting native genetic diversity and invasive species spread. Here, we investigate the contributions of recent divergence histories and ongoing (post‐introduction) gene flow between the invasive marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and a morphologically indistinguishable and taxonomically contentious native Australian taxon, Mytilus planulatus. Using transcriptome‐wide markers, we demonstrate that two contemporary M. galloprovincialis introductions into south‐eastern Australia originate from genetically divergent lineages from its native range in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Europe, where both introductions have led to repeated instances of admixture between introduced and endemic populations. Through increased genome‐wide resolution of species relationships, combined with demographic modelling, we validate that mussels sampled in Tasmania are representative of the endemic Australian taxon (M. planulatus), but share strong genetic affinities to M. galloprovincialis. Demographic inferences indicate late‐Pleistocene divergence times and historical gene flow between the Tasmanian endemic lineage and northern M. galloprovincialis, suggesting that native and introduced taxa have experienced a period of historical isolation of at least 100,000 years. Our results demonstrate that many genomic loci and sufficient sampling of closely related lineages in both sympatric (e.g. Australian populations) and allopatric (e.g. northern hemisphere Mytilus taxa) ranges are necessary to accurately (a) interpret patterns of intraspecific differentiation and to (b) distinguish contemporary invasive introgression from signatures left by recent divergence histories in high dispersal marine species. More broadly, our study fills a significant gap in systematic knowledge of native Australian biodiversity and sheds light on the intrinsic challenges for invasive species research when native and introduced species boundaries are not well defined.
Strangulation of the duodenum just oral to its caudal flexura caused by a volvulus
Authors: Rijkenhuizen A. B. M. , Lichtenberg D. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAn 8‐year‐old Haflinger mare with a 10‐day‐old foal at foot was referred with mild abdominal pain. On the basis of clinical examination, blood and peritoneal fluid analysis, the cause of pain was suspected septic peritonitis. The horse was initially managed medically, with the horse placed in box confinement under close monitoring. No permission was given for an exploratory laparotomy, and it was decided to perform a diagnostic laparoscopy in the standing horse. The laparoscopy revealed a 360‐degree anticlockwise partial duodenal volvulus of the caudal descending duodenum, which was manually reduced (hand‐assisted laparoscopy). After the release, the mesentery of the duodenum showed an ischaemic band (yellowish white and dark red with a hyperaemic side) and the duodenum had a distinct ischaemic ring (orally and aborally) distinguishing the incarcerated part from the normal duodenum. Ten minutes after the release, the colour remained the same. In conjunction with the owner, it was decided to euthanise the pony. Pathology confirmed the presence of a strangulation ring and the ischaemic condition of the involved duodenum.
Equine digital tendons show breed‐specific differences in their mechanical properties that may relate to athletic ability and predisposition to injury
Authors: Verkade M. E. , Back W. , Birch H. L. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundThroughout the ages, human subjects have selected horse breeds for their locomotor capacities. Concurrently, tissue properties may have diversified because of specific requirements of different disciplines.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of tendons with different functions between equine breeds traditionally selected for racing or sport.Study designThis study used ex vivo tendons and compared the mechanical properties of the common digital extensor tendon (CDET) and superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) between racehorses (Thoroughbred [TB]) and sports horses (Friesian Horse [FH], Warmblood [WB]).MethodsThe SDFT and CDET of FH (n = 12), WBs (n = 12) and TBs (n = 8) aged 3–12 years were harvested. The cross sectional area (cm2), maximal load (N), ultimate strain (%), ultimate stress (MPa) and elastic modulus (MPa) were determined and tested for significant differences between the breeds (P<0.05).ResultsThe SDFT from WB horses had a significantly lower elastic modulus than TB horses and failed at a higher strain and load than both FHs and TBs. The mechanical properties of the CDET did not differ between breeds. In agreement with previous studies, the CDET failed at a higher stress and had a higher elastic modulus than the SDFT and, for the WB group of horses only, failed at a significantly lower strain. Interestingly, the mode of failure differed between breeds, particularly with respect to the FHs.Main limitationsThe exercise history of horses used in this study was unknown and the age‐range was relatively large; both these factors may have influenced the absolute properties reported in this study.ConclusionsThis study shows for the first time that mechanical properties of the SDFT differ between breeds. These properties are likely to be related to selection for high‐speed vs. an extravagant elastic gait and may be an important indicator of performance ability.The Summary is available in Spanish – see Supporting Information
The impact of public funding on the different types of private contributions
Authors: de Andres‐Alonso Pablo , Garcia‐Rodriguez Inigo , Romero‐Merino M. Elena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe analyze the effect of public funding on private contributions to 67 nongovernmental development organizations (NGDOs) in Spain from 2006 to 2011. Previous literature gives theoretical explanations for both the crowding‐in and the crowding‐out effects, while the empirical evidence presents different realities. In this study, we find a partial crowding‐out effect (€1.00 of public funding reduces private contributions by €0.43) by using generalized method of moments estimators. However, this overall effect does not hold when analyzing the influence that different sources of public funds have on each type of private contribution.
Quality of life outcomes after low dose‐rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Murakami Yasukiyo , Satoh Takefumi , Tsumura Hideyasu , Tabata Ken‐ichi , Matsumoto Kazumasa , Ishiyama Hiromichi , Iwamura Masatsugu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present review summarizes data from studies reporting on health‐related quality of life after brachytherapy and competing modalities. There are various therapeutic modalities for localized prostate cancer, including radical surgery, external beam radiotherapy and active surveillance. Advances in surgical and radiation treatment have entered clinical practice in the form of robot‐assisted surgery or intensity‐modulated radiotherapy. Brachytherapy remains the main treatment option for patients with localized prostate cancer, with 10‐year survival data showing favorable outcomes. Because each treatment modality has achieved favorable survival outcomes, focus in determining appropriate treatment has shifted toward health‐related quality of life, where each treatment has a different profile and/or adverse symptoms. The development of health‐related quality of life assessment tools has allowed the creation of a pool of specific health‐related quality of life data across many studies. The present article reviews the impact of brachytherapy and other modalities on quality of life, as well as future directions.
Thinking differently: Re‐framing family violence responsiveness in the mental health and addictions health care context
Authors: Short Jacqueline , Cram Fiona , Roguski Michael , Smith Rachel , Koziol‐McLain Jane 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAotearoa New Zealand’s high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) and child abuse and neglect point to a clear need to develop and resource equitable mental health and addiction practices that are responsive both to people experiencing and using violence, and to their families. Current responses to IPV in mental health and addiction settings in Aotearoa New Zealand require a critical re‐framing, from an individualistic autonomy and empowerment framework that constrains practitioners’ practice, to an understanding IPV as a form of social entrapment. Using a composite story constructed from 28 in‐depth New Zealand family violence death reviews, we highlight current problematic practice and discuss alternative responses that could create safer lives for people and families. Re‐framing IPV as a form of social entrapment acknowledges it as a complex social problem that requires collective steps to secure people’s safety and well‐being. Importantly, a social entrapment framework encompasses interpersonal and structural forms of violence, such as the historical and intergenerational trauma of colonization and links to ongoing structural inequities for Māori (the indigenous people of Aotearoa) in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Patient safety culture among European cancer nurses—An exploratory, cross‐sectional survey comparing data from Estonia, Germany, Netherlands, and United Kingdom
Authors: Sharp Lena , Rannus Kristi , Olofsson Anna , Kelly Daniel , Oldenmenger Wendy H. ,   the EONS RECaN group
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the differences in perceived patient safety culture in cancer nurses working in Estonia, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.DesignAn exploratory cross‐sectional survey.MethodsIn 2018, 393 cancer nurses completed the 12 dimensions of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture.ResultsThe mean score for the overall patient safety grade was 61.3. The highest rated dimension was “teamwork within units” while “staffing” was the lowest in all four countries. Nurses in the Netherlands and in the United Kingdom, scored higher on “communication openness”, the “frequency of events reported”, and “non‐punitive response to errors”, than nurses from Estonia or Germany. We found statistically significant differences between the countries for the association between five of the 12 dimensions with the overall patient safety grade: overall perception of patient safety, communication openness, staffing, handoffs and transitions and non‐punitive response to errors.ConclusionPatient safety culture, as reported by cancer nurses, varies between European countries and contextual factors, such as recognition of the nursing role and education have an impact on it. Cancer nurses’ role in promoting patient safety is a key concern and requires better recognition on a European and global level.ImpactCancer Nursing Societies in any country can use these data as an indication on how to improve patient care in their country. Recognition of cancer nursing as a distinct specialty in nursing will help to improve patient safety.
Perceived stress and self‐efficacy are associated with diabetes self‐management among adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Guo Jia , Yang Jundi , Wiley James , Ou Xiancai , Zhou Zhiguang , Whittemore Robin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsThe aims of this study were to: (a) determine if self‐efficacy mediates the relationship between perceived stress and diabetes self‐management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D); and (b) explore whether perceived stress moderated the self‐efficacy and diabetes self‐management relationship.DesignNon‐experimental, descriptive correlational design, conducted from January–December 2016.MethodsGuided by the Adaptation to Diabetes framework, data on demographic and clinical characteristics, perceived stress, self‐efficacy and diabetes self‐management were collected. Descriptive analyses and regression analyses were generated by SPSS Version 22. Structural equation modelling was implemented with the MPlus program.ResultsThere was no direct effect of perceived stress on diabetes self‐management; however, self‐efficacy mediated the relationship between perceived stress and diabetes self‐management. Adolescents who had high self‐efficacy and low perceived stress demonstrated better diabetes care activities and diabetes communication than would be predicted from the main effects of self‐efficacy and perceived stress alone.ConclusionsDecreasing perceived stress and improving self‐efficacy are important strategies to improve diabetes self‐management in adolescents with T1D.ImpactAdolescents with T1D experience considerable stress with daily self‐management demands. This study highlights the mediating role of self‐efficacy on perceived stress and diabetes self‐management. Assessment of perceived stress and self‐efficacy in self‐management tasks in adolescents with T1D may help nurses individualize self‐management education and support. Incorporating strategies to promote stress management and self‐efficacy in diabetes education may also improve diabetes self‐management.