bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Minimal Extrathyroid Extension in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Diker-Cohen Talia , Hirsch Dania , Shimon Ilan , Bachar Gideon , Akirov Amit , Duskin-Bitan Hadar , Robenshtok Eyal 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Minimal extrathyroid extension (mETE) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) was defined as an intermediate risk feature in the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines. However, controversy persists as several studies suggested mETE has little effect on disease outcome.

Objective
To assess the impact of mETE on DTC patients' outcome.

Methods
Meta-analysis of controlled trials comparing patients with DTC with and without mETE.

Data Extraction and Synthesis
Thirteen retrospective studies including 23,816 patients were included, with a median follow-up of 86 months. mETE in patients without lymph node involvement (N0 disease) was associated with increased risk of recurrence [seven studies: odds ratio (OR), 1.73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03 to 2.92]. The absolute risk of recurrence was 2.2% in patients without extension and 3.5% in patients with mETE (P = 0.04). In studies including patients with and without lymph node involvement (N1/N0 disease), mETE resulted in a significantly higher risk of recurrence (eight studies: OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.91). The absolute risk of recurrence was 6.2% in patients without extension and 7% in patients with mETE (P = 0.01). In patients with micropapillary carcinoma (&lt;1 cm), the impact of mETE was nonsignificant (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 0.95 to 6.03). mETE had no impact on disease-related mortality (eight studies: OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.11 to 2.21).

Conclusion
mETE increases risk of recurrence in patients with DTC; however, the absolute increase in risk is small, and in patients with N0 disease the risk is within the low-risk of recurrence category at 3.5%. mETE has no impact on disease-related mortality and should not change tumor stage.
The heart tube forms and elongates through dynamic cell rearrangement coordinated with foregut extension
Authors: Kidokoro Hinako , Yonei-Tamura Sayuri , Tamura Koji , Schoenwolf Gary C. , Saijoh Yukio 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
In the initiation of cardiogenesis, the heart primordia transform from bilateral flat sheets of mesoderm into an elongated midline tube. Here, we discover that this rapid architectural change is driven by actomyosin-based oriented cell rearrangement and resulting dynamic tissue reshaping (convergent extension, CE). By labeling clusters of cells spanning the entire heart primordia, we show that the heart primordia converge toward the midline to form a narrow tube, while extending perpendicularly to rapidly lengthen it. Our data for the first time visualize the process of early heart tube formation from both the medial (second) and lateral (first) heart fields, revealing that both fields form the early heart tube by essentially the same mechanism. Additionally, the adjacent endoderm coordinately forms the foregut through previously unrecognized movements that parallel those of the heart mesoderm and elongates by CE. In conclusion, our data illustrate how initially two-dimensional flat primordia rapidly change their shapes and construct the three-dimensional morphology of emerging organs in coordination with neighboring morphogenesis.
The Effectiveness of Standing on a Balance Board for Increasing Energy Expenditure
Authors: NELSON MEGAN C. , CASANOVA MADELINE P. , VELLA CHANTAL A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate differences in energy expenditure (EE), heart rate (HR), productivity, fatigue, and pain while performing desk work while sitting (SIT), standing (STAND), and standing on a balance board (BOARD).

Methods
Thirty healthy adults (60% female, age = 39.7 ± 11.8 yr, body mass index = 26.7 ± 5.0 kg·m−2) employed in sedentary-based jobs volunteered for this randomized crossover trial. Participants performed typing work in three different positions: SIT, STAND, and BOARD, each condition lasting 30 min. Oxygen consumption (V˙O2) was measured via indirect calorimetry, and EE was calculated using respiratory quotient and corresponding caloric equivalent values. Productivity was quantified by measuring words typed per minute, accuracy, and typing mistakes. Overall feelings of fatigue and pain were self-reported three times during each position using validated 10-cm visual analog scales. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess differences in outcome variables across conditions.

Results
V˙O2 was significantly different among all conditions regardless of current standing desk use (SIT = 3.35 ± 0.53, STAND = 3.77 ± 0.48, BOARD = 3.92 ± 0.54 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.001). EE (kcal·min−1) also differed (P < 0.001) among SIT (1.27 ± 0.22), STAND (1.42 ± 0.26), and BOARD (1.48 ± 0.29). Compared with sitting (67 ± 9 bpm), HR was higher in STAND (76 ± 11 bpm) and BOARD (76 ± 11 bpm, P < 0.001). Measures of productivity were not different across conditions (P > 0.05). Fatigue progressively increased over each 30-min condition, whereas pain in SIT and BOARD increased from minute 10 to minute 20 and then leveled off between minutes 20 and 30. For STAND, pain continued to increase over time.

Conclusion
Compared with sitting, a balance board may be effective for increasing EE without interfering with productivity in an occupational setting.
Dopamine synergizes with caffeine to increase the heart rate of Daphnia
Authors: Kundu Aman , Singh Gyanesh 
Published: March 2018

Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter, and is widely used as a central nervous system (CNS) agent. Dopamine plays an important role in humans, including a major role in reward and motivation behaviour. Several addictive drugs are well known to increase neuronal dopamine activity. We selected Daphnia, an important model organism, to investigate the effect(s) of selected CNS agents on heart rate. Dopamine’s effects on Daphnia’s heart has not been previously reported. Caffeine is a well-known and widely consumed stimulant. Ethanol is well known for its effects on both neurological and physiological processes in mammals. We tested the effect of dopamine on the heart rate of Daphnia, and compared its effect with caffeine and ethanol alone and in combination. Both caffeine and dopamine were found to instantly increase the heart rate of Daphnia in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, caffeine synergized with dopamine to increase Daphnia’s heart rate. As ethanol decreased the heart rate of Daphnia and dopamine increased the heart rate of Daphnia, we wanted to test the effect of these molecules in combination. Indeed, Dopamine was able to restore the ethanol-induced decrease in the heart rate of Daphnia. Effects of these CNS agents on Daphnia can possibly be correlated with similar effects in the case of mammals.
A cost-effective cell- and matrix-based minimally invasive single-stage chondroregenerative technique developed with validated vertical translation methodology
Authors: Shetty AA , Kim SJ , Ahmed S , Trattnig S , Kim SA , Jang HJ 
Published: March 2018

Introduction The morbidity and significant health economic impact associated with the chondral lesion has led to a large number of strategies for therapeutic neochondrogenesis. The challenge has been to develop techniques that are cost effective single-stage procedures with minimal surgical trauma that have undergone rigorous preclinical scrutiny and robust reproducible assessment of effectiveness. A biological repair requires the generation of a cellular and matrix composite with appropriate signalling for chondrogenic differentiation. Methods and results A technique was developed that allowed chondrogenic primary (uncultured) cells from bone marrow aspirate concentrate, combined with a composite hydrophilic and fibrillar matrix to be applied arthroscopically to a site of a chondral lesion. The construct was tested in vitro and in animal experiments before clinical trials. Clinical trials involved 60 patients in a prospective study. Symptomatic International Cartilage Repair Society grade 3 and 4a lesions were mapped and treated. Pre- and postoperative clinical assessments showed statistically significant improved outcomes; Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (mean 52.8 to > 76.4; P < 0.05) International Knee Documentation Committee (mean 39 to > 79 P < 0.05) and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (64.5 to >89.2 P < 0.05). Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated morphologically (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue, average MOCART score 72) and qualitatively; the regenerate was comparable to native cartilage. Conclusions This technique is effective, affordable, requires no complex tools and delivers a single-stage treatment that is potentially accessible to any centre capable of performing arthroscopic surgery. Good clinical results were found to be sustained at five years of follow-up with a regenerate that appears hyaline like using multiple magnetic resonance measures.
Desafios atuais na formação do enfermeiro: o olhar dos docentes
Authors: Peres Cássia Regina Fernandes Biffe , Marin Maria José Sanches , Tonhom Silvia Franco da Rocha , Marques Maria De Lourdes da Silva Ferreira 
Published: March 2018

Objetivo: compreender a visão de docentes de cursos de enfermagem sobre os desafios enfrentados no processo de reconstrução curricular. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa com 21 docentes enfermeiros de seis Instituições de Ensino Superior. A análise dos dados fez-se pela técnica da hermêutica e dialética. Resultados: ocorrem dificuldades na reorganização curricular em relação à capacitação docente conforme as novas exigências sociais e à falta de integração das diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Há ainda, agravantes, como as lacunas de conhecimento do ensino médio, o distanciamento entre formação e mundo do trabalho e o desinteresse em ser enfermeiro. Conclusão: na visão dos docentes há movimento positivo para organização curricular, embora destacados desafios para a formação do enfermeiro, como falta de capacitação dos docentes para o enfrentamento de propostas inovadoras, distanciamento entre o mundo do trabalho e o processo de formação, pouca valorização social da profissão e baixa qualidade do ensino fundamental e médio brasileiro.
Associação entre fatores maternos e neonatais e o Apgar em recém-nascidos de risco habitual
Authors: Saraiva Jéssica Pinto , Vogt Sibylle Emilie , Rocha Jéssica Da Silva , Duarte Elysângela Dittz , Simão Delma Aurélia Da Silva 
Published: March 2018

Objetivo: verificar associação entre fatores maternos e neonatais e o índice de Apgar <7 aos cinco minutos de vida. Métodos: estudo transversal com 134 recém-nascidos. Para análise dos dados coletados com instrumento elaborado pelos pesquisadores, utilizou-se a descrição das frequências absolutas e relativas e a aplicação dos testes Qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher. Resultados: do total de recém-nascidos, 63,0% tinham mãe primigesta, 56,0% eram do sexo masculino, 79,0% nasceram de parto normal, 65,0% demandaram oxigênio e 45,0% foram reanimados na sala de parto. Entre as mulheres, 71,0% utilizaram ocitocina. Conclusão: uso de ocitocina, oxigênio e reanimação em sala de parto mostraram associação significativa com Apgar <7 aos cinco minutos de vida. Peso ao nascer, tempo de bolsa rota, eliminação de mecônio, tipo de parto e paridade não se relacionaram ao baixo valor de Apgar.
Efetividade do metronidazol no tratamento de odores em feridas tumorais
Authors: Barreto Arthur Monte , Marques Antonio Dean Barbosa , Cestari Virna Ribeiro Feitosa , Cavalcante Rochelle Da Costa , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães 
Published: March 2018

Objetivo: analisar as evidências da efetividade do Metronidazol no tratamento de odores em feridas tumorais. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de saúde e no portal PubMed. Os estudos foram avaliados pela Escala de Jadad (ensaios clínicos randomizados), Downs e Black (quase experimentais) e o Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (observacionais). Amostra de dez estudos e considerou-se como ponto de corte artigos que atingiram 50,0% dos critérios. Resultados: o Metronidazol se mostrou efetivo em 95,6% dos casos e a preparação em gel a 0,75% foi a mais utilizada nos estudos. Conclusão:as evidências apontam o metronidazol como seguro e eficaz no controle de odores em feridas tumorais, porém não há consenso sobre as formas de apresentação e vias de administração mais efetivas. A maioria dos estudos associa o surgimento de mau odor com o crescimento de bactérias anaeróbias no tecido tumoral.
Health status in 1040 adults with disorders of sex development (DSD): a European multicenter study
Authors: Falhammar Henrik , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi , Reisch Nicole , Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta , Nordenström Anna , Roehle Robert , Bouvattier Claire , Kreukels Baudewijntje P C , Köhler Birgit , _ _ 
Published: March 2018

Objective
The knowledge about health status in adults with disorder of sex development (DSD) is scarce.

Design and methods
A cross-sectional observational study in 14 European tertiary centers recruited 1040 participants (717 females, 311 males, 12 others) with DSD. Mean age was 32.4 ± 13.6 year (range 16–75). The cohort was divided into: Turner (n = 301), Klinefelter (n = 224), XY-DSD (n = 222), XX-DSD (excluding congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and 46,XX males) (n = 21), 46,XX-CAH (n = 226) and 45,X/46,XY (n = 45). Perceived and objective health statuses were measured and compared to European control data.

Results
In DSD, fair to very good general health was reported by 91.4% and only 8.6% reported (very) bad general health (controls 94.0% and 6.0%, P < 0.0001). Longstanding health issues other than DSD and feeling limited in daily life were reported in 51.0% and 38.6%, respectively (controls 24.5% and 13.8%, P < 0.0001 both). Any disorder except DSD was present in 84.3% (controls 24.6%, P < 0.0001). Males reported worse health than females. In the subgroup analysis, Klinefelter and 46,XX-DSD patients reported bad general health in 15.7% and 16.7%, respectively (Turner 3.2% and CAH 7.4%). Comorbidities were prevalent in all DSD subgroups but Klinefelter and Turner were most affected. Early diagnosis of DSD and a healthy lifestyle were associated with less comorbidities.

Conclusions
Overall, general health appeared to be good but a number of medical problems were reported, especially in Klinefelter and Turner. Early diagnosis of DSD and a healthy lifestyle seemed to be important. Lifelong follow-up at specialized centers is necessary.
It Takes a Village to Move a Hospital: Simulation Improves Intensive Care Team Preparedness for a Move to a New Site
Authors: Francoeur Conall , Shea Sarah , Ruddy Margaret , Fontela Patricia , Bhanji Farhan , Razack Saleem , Gottesman Ronald , Di Genova Tanya 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate in-situ simulation to prepare a PICU to move to a new, redesigned unit.

METHODS:
The study setting is an academic PICU. This is a cross-sectional study using in-situ simulations of common PICU admissions. Postsimulation, participants completed a survey comparing the perception of preparedness pre- and postsimulation (via a 10-point Likert scale). Participants were resurveyed 6 months postmove to assess whether effects persisted. Qualitative data were obtained via thematic review of the survey comment section and from postsimulation debriefing.

RESULTS:
Response rates were initially 100% and 67% at the 6-month follow-up. In the initial phase, all questions had statistically significant improvements in post- versus presimulation scores. Participants felt better prepared (presimulation: 6.20, postsimulation: 7.90, P &lt; .001) and more confident about caring for real patients (presimulation: 5.49, postsimulation: 7.41, P &lt; .001). They felt more comfortable working in the new unit (presimulation: 5.65, postsimulation: 7.50, P &lt; .001) and better able to deliver safe care (presimulation: 5.85, postsimulation: 7.60, P &lt; .001). Six months postmove, participants still believed that simulation was helpful (7.43, SD: 2.20) and still reported improved team confidence (7.36, SD: 2.11). Only 1 of 28 participants preferred less simulation. Exercises were described as helpful in identifying process and latent patient safety issues.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our pediatric intensive care team found simulations to be beneficial in preparation for providing care to critically ill children in a complex new setting. Simulations uncovered latent process, personnel, and patient-safety issues that were addressed before actual patient care.
Karakterisasi Paduan AlMgSi Untuk Kelongsong Bahan Bakar U3Si2/Al Densitas Uranium 5,2 gU/cm3
Authors: Ginting Aslina Br. , Supardjo Supardjo , Yanlinastuti Yanlinastuti , Anggraini Dian , Boybul Boybul 
Published: March 2018

Meningkatnya densitas uranium dari 2,96 gU/cm3 menjadi 5,2 gU/cm3 bahan bakar U3Si2/Al harus diikuti dengan penggunaan kelongsong yang kompatibel. Bahan bakar berdensitas tinggi mempunyai kekerasan yang tinggi, sehingga bila menggunakan paduan AlMg2 sebagai kelongsong dapat menyebabkan terjadi dogbone pada saat perolan. Selain fenomena dogbone, pada saat bahan bakar tersebut digunakan di reaktor dapat terjadi swelling karena meningkatnya hasil fisi maupun burn up. Oleh karena itu, perlu dicari pengganti bahan kelongsong untuk bahan bakar U3Si2/Al densitas tinggi. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan karakterisasi paduan AlMgSi sebagai kandidat pengganti kelongsong AlMg2. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan meliputi analisis termal, kekerasan, mikrostruktur dan laju korosi. Analisis termal dilakukan menggunakan DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) dan DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). Analisis kekerasan menggunakan alat uji kekerasan mikro, mikrostruktur menggunakan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) dan analisis laju korosi dilakukan dengan pemanasan pada temperatur 150 oC selama 77 jam di dalam autoclave. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kelongsong AlMgSi maupun AlMg2 mempunyai kompatibilitas panas dengan bahan bakar U3Si2/Al cukup stabil hingga temperatur 650 oC. Kelongsong AlMgSi mempunyai kekerasan sebesar 115 HVN dan kelongsong AlMg2 sebesar 70,1 HVN. Sementara itu, analisis mikrostruktur menunjukkan bahwa morfologi ikatan antarmuka (interface bonding) kelongsong AlMgSi lebih baik dari kelongsong AlMg2, demikian halnya dengan laju korosi bahwa kelongsong AlMgSi mempunyai laju korosi lebih kecil dibanding kelongsong AlMg2. Hasil karakterisasi termal, kekerasan, mikrostruktur dan laju korosi menunjukkan bahwa PEB U3Si2/Al densitas 5,2 gU/cm3 menggunakan kelongsong AlMgSi lebih baik dibanding PEB U3Si2/Al densitas 5,2 gU/cm3 menggunakan kelongsong AlMg2.Kata kunci: U3Si2/Al, densitas 5,2 gU/cm3, kelongsong AlMgSi dan AlMg2.
Black Gold, White Power: Mapping Oil, Real Estate, and Racial Segregation in the Los Angeles Basin, 1900-1939
Authors: Cumming Daniel G. 
Published: March 2018

In 1923, Southern California produced over twenty percent of the world’s oil. At the epicenter of an oil boom from 1892 to the 1930s, Los Angeles grew into the nation’s fifth largest city. By the end of the rush, it had also become one of the most racially segregated cities in the country. Historians have overlooked the relationship between industrialists drilling for oil and real estate developers codifying a racist housing market, namely through “redlining” maps and mortgage lending. While redlining is typically understood as a problem of horizontal territory, this paper argues that the mapping of the underground—the location and volume of subterranean oil fields, in particular—was a crucial technique in underwriting urban apartheid. Mapping technologies linked oil exploitation with restrictive property rights, constructing oil as a resource and vertically engineering a racialized housing market. By focusing on petro-industrialization interlocked with segregationist housing, this article reveals an unexamined chapter in Los Angeles’s history of resource exploitation and racial capitalism. Moreover, it contributes to a growing literature on the social production of resources, extractive technology and political exclusion, and the technoscientific practices used by states and corporations to mine the underground while constructing metropolitan inequality above ground.
Le Tableau ST: un site web pour diffuser des pratiques gagnantes en sciences et technologies
Authors: Dionne Liliane , Couture Christine , Savoie-Zajc Lorraine 
Published: March 2018

Certains constats soulignent le fait que les enseignants au palier élémentaire manquent souvent de formation pour enseigner adéquatement les sciences et les technologies (ST). De nos jours, les élèves doivent développer leurs compétences scientifiques et environnementales pour faire face aux défis du 21e siècle. Un travail de longue haleine nous a permis de développer un site web : le Tableau ST, pour fournir un appui aux enseignants afin de promouvoir l’enseignement des ST en classe, grâce à des pratiques gagnantes rendues accessibles. Les pratiques gagnantes sont définies comme celles qui accompagnent les élèves dans leurs apprentissages et rejoignent des critères définis à la fois par les praticiens, les programmes ministériels et les recherches en didactique. Ce texte présente tout d’abord la problématique, puis le cadre conceptuel qui a animé un travail de trois ans visant à caractériser des pratiques gagnantes en ST d’enseignants de 4e à 6e année dans le but de les diffuser dans un site web. Puis, sont exposés notre méthodologie et enfin les résultats soit les retombées en termes des caractéristiques qui distinguent ces exemples choisies, l’organisation du site web et finalement l’inventaire des pratiques gagnantes obtenues.
Exploring language and education policies for the indigenous minorities in Australia and Malaysia
Authors: Renganathan Sumathi , Kral Inge 
Published: March 2018

This paper examines the implication of language and education policies for the indigenous minority populations in two contrasting multicultural and multilingual post-colonial nations, Australia and Malaysia. By comparing and contrasting ethnolinguistic and educational policies in these two diverse nations, this paper explores how indigenous minorities have been positioned within each nation’s quest for meeting the challenges of becoming multilingual and multicultural nations. The authors argue that although both countries promote multicultural ideals, they fall short in their acknowledgement of the dignity of difference for their indigenous communities. Thus, the authors assert that educational and language policies for indigenous peoples must acknowledge the importance of difference and therefore include indigenous cultural ways of knowing, being and doing to achieve successful educational outcomes.
Efecto del H2S en la Susceptibilidad al Agrietamiento de Dos Aceros Microaleados para Tubería
Authors: Serna Sergio , Villalobos Julio C. , Flores Osvaldo , Martínez Horacio , López Edgar , Campillo Bernardo 
Published: March 2018

Cracking in sour media modes were observed, and these were related mainly to the microstructure produced during the thermomechanical process of two microalloyed steels grade API X 52. Through the use of linear elastic fracture mechanics modified specimens. Steels loaded at similar initial stress intensity factors showed different cracking modes that were related directly to their different microstructures. Steels microstructures indicate different fabrication routes. Testing temperature played an important role on switching the cracking characteristics being remarkable by the ferrite-pearlite steel microstructure. A banded microstructure is susceptible to the effects of hydrogen at room T. While, an acicular ferrite microstructure with carbides patches at grain boundaries is susceptible to anodic dissolution in front of the crack tip, no matter the temperature being tested. Key words: microalloyed steels, sour service, cracking modes, microstructure.