bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimorbidity and Functional Limitation in Individuals with Heart Failure: A Prospective Community Study
Authors: Manemann Sheila M. , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Roger Véronique L. , Boyd Cynthia , Cheville Andrea , Dunlay Shannon M. , Weston Susan A. , Jiang Ruoxiang , Rutten Lila J. Finney 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo characterize the individual and combined effects of multimorbidity and functional limitation on healthcare use and mortality in a large, community cohort of individuals with heart failure (HF).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingEleven southeastern Minnesota counties.ParticipantsIndividuals (mean age 74, 54% male) with a first‐ever HF code (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 428 or Tenth Revision code I50) between January 1, 2013 and March 31, 2016 (N=2,692).MeasurementsEight activities of daily living measured using a survey on a Likert scale (1=without any difficulty, 5=unable to do; median=8). Participants with a score greater than 8 were categorized as having functional limitation. Multimorbidity was defined as having 2 or more noncardiac comorbidities.ResultsTwenty‐five percent of participants had neither multimorbidity nor functional limitation, 35% had multimorbidity, 9% had functional limitation, and 31% had both. After adjustment, participants with multimorbidity and functional limitation had greater risks of all outcomes (death: hazard ratio (HR)=4.92, 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.03–8.00; emergency department (ED) visit: HR=3.67, 95% CI=2.94–4.59; hospitalization: HR=3.66, 95% CI=2.85–4.70; outpatient visit: HR=1.73, 95% CI=1.52–1.96) than those with neither. Participants with functional limitation alone had greater risks of death (HR=4.84, 95% CI=2.78–8.43), ED visits (HR=2.35, 95% CI=1.75–3.16), and hospitalizations (HR=2.10, 95% CI=1.52–2.88) but not outpatient visits. Those with multimorbidity alone had similar risks of ED visits and hospitalizations as those with functional limitation alone but were more likely to have outpatient visits (HR=1.50, 95% CI=1.34–1.67).ConclusionIndividuals with both multimorbidity and functional limitation have the highest risk of death and healthcare use. Individuals with only functional limitation have similar rates of hospitalizations and ED visits as those with only multimorbidity, underscoring the need to consider both when managing individuals with HF.
Oral Candida colonization and plaque type psoriasis: Is there any relationship?
Authors: Lesan Simin , Toosi Roja , Aliakbarzadeh Reza , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Mahmoudi Leila , Tavakolpour Soheil , Mahmoudi Hamidreza 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThe potential role of superantigens derived from microbial agents could be considered in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, but the association between Candida albicans and psoriasis severity is still controversial. The present study was designed to compare the prevalence of oral candidiasis in a group of psoriatic patients and healthy patients, and its correlation with psoriasis severity.MethodsSeventy psoriatic patients with no history of systemic treatment and 70 closely‐matched control patients underwent oral examination. Scraping of oral mucosa to detect Candida species was done using a sterile cytobrush.ResultsCandida was detected in the oral cavity of 20% of patients with psoriasis and 2.8% of control cases (P = .002), but none had clinical features of oral candidiasis. Candida albicans was the only species isolated from the oral cavity of both groups. No correlation was found between sex, age, phototherapy, and presence of oral candidiasis. There was a positive correlation between psoriasis severity and colony count (P < .001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of oral candidiasis is higher in psoriatic patients and is associated with disease severity. It is not exactly clear whether oral candidiasis can aggravate psoriasis or if psoriasis can predispose patients to oral candidiasis.
Change of salivary fluoride level with intake of fluoride releasing lozenges: A pilot study
Authors: Rechmann Peter , Rechmann Beate M. T. , Kinsel Richard , Featherstone John D. B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimLong‐term, low‐level fluoride concentrations in saliva are highly effective in caries prevention and remineralization. The aim of the present two‐phased study was to test whether fluoride‐releasing lozenges compared to placebo significantly raise salivary fluoride levels above baseline achieved by 1100 ppm fluoride toothpaste in a double‐blind, crossover pilot study.MethodsIn phase 1, a four‐arm crossover basic study, four participants used one dissolvable lozenge with .25, 0.5, 1 or 1.5 mg fluoride for 1 hour. In phase 2, the three‐arm crossover main study, 11 participants used three lozenges per day for 1 hour for 1 week, establishing long‐term salivary fluoride levels dissolving 0 (control), 0.5 and 1.5 mg fluoride lozenges. Saliva was collected at baseline; during lozenge use; 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes later; and early the next morning. Salivary fluoride levels were determined by laboratory diffusion analysis.ResultsIn phase 1, 5 minutes after using one lozenge, salivary fluoride levels were above baseline (0.03 ppm), reaching 0.13 ± 0.19 ppm for the 0.25 mg and 0.73 ± 0.75 ppm for the 1.5 mg fluoride lozenge, dropping to baseline after 60 minutes. In phase 2, after 1 week use of 0.5 and 1.5 mg lozenges, respectively, for the 0.5 mg lozenge for 15 minutes and the 1.5 mg lozenge 30 minutes after use, the salivary levels were significantly higher than baseline/control (0.02 ppm). During 1‐hour lozenge use, fluoride levels >0.1 ppm were consistently achieved.ConclusionsFluoride lozenges achieved elevated salivary fluoride levels during use, but only for short periods after use.
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders among a cohort of university undergraduates in Australia
Authors: Lung Jeremy , Bell Laura , Heslop Molly , Cuming Sophie , Ariyawardana Anura 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms among dentistry students at James Cook University in Australia, and to determine the associations of TMD symptoms with demographic parameters and compare the prevalence to that of the Australian general population.MethodsThe study was conducted at the School of Dentistry, James Cook University. Axis I symptom questionnaire of diagnostic criteria for TMD was used to assess the prevalence of TMD symptoms. Additional questions were included to gather demographic information on the participants. Data were collected anonymously via the online survey tool, SurveyMonkey.ResultsThe overall prevalence of TMD symptoms in this cohort was 77.2%. The most common TMD symptoms were pain (48.5%) and joint noises (48.5%). Females reported a significantly higher prevalence of TMD symptoms than males, with 73 of 88 female respondents (83%) and 32 of 48 male respondents (66.7%) reporting at least one symptom of TMD (P = .030).ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of TMD symptoms in the population studied was 77.2%, with female preponderance of TMD symptoms (83%). This is higher than the estimated prevalence (23%) in the Australian general population.
Significance of an amorphous SiO2 phase in a pseudomorph after coesite enclosed in garnet from ultrahigh‐pressure eclogite, Su–Lu Belt, eastern China
Authors: Taguchi Tomoki , Miyake Akira , Enami Masaki , Igami Yohei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHere, we report the first discovery of an amorphous SiO2 phase (APSI phase) in a pseudomorph after coesite included in garnet from an ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) eclogite from the Su–Lu metamorphic belt, eastern China. Using transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction, we show that the internal structure of the pseudomorph consists of an APSI phase with nano/submicrocrystalline particles of quartz and a polycrystalline K‐bearing fibrous sheet‐silicate phase (KFSS phase). The APSI phase‐bearing aggregates included in the garnet might have formed by reactions involving a supercritical fluid during exhumation by the following processes: (1) the development of radial cracks within the host garnet by the phase transition of coesite to quartz; (2) the decomposition of a part of the pseudomorph following infiltration of supercritical fluid; (3) the precipitation of the KFSS phase from the fluid phase during subsequent exhumation and cooling, which was likely promoted by a change in the metamorphic fluid from supercritical and/or subcritical to aqueous fluid; and (4) the rapid precipitation of the APSI phase under a metastable (non‐equilibrium) state, such as quenching, during a later stage of the exhumation. Whether the APSI phase generally formed during exhumation and survived widely throughout the Su‐Lu terrane is unknown. However, the presence of the APSI phase in a UHP eclogite provides new insight into the geodynamic phenomena occurring at continental collision zones.
Optimizing outcomes with polymethylmethacrylate fillers
Authors: Gold Michael H , Sadick Neil S 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIntroductionThe ideal filler should be long‐lasting, biocompatible, chemically inert, soft and easy to use, and have a long history of safety. This review focuses on the evolution and development of the PMMA‐collagen gel, Bellafill, and the 10 years of postmarketing experience of Bellafill since it received premarket approval (PMA) from the FDA as Artefill in 2006. Artefill was rebranded to Bellafill in 2015.MethodsThe authors conducted a literature search on PubMed for key articles describing the steps in which Arteplast, a PMMA filler developed in 1989, led to the development of Bellafill, the only PMMA filler approved by the US FDA for the treatment of nasolabial folds and acne scar correction. The factors governing efficacy and safety were also evaluated for the major PMMA fillers available in the world.ResultsThe process of manufacturing and purifying PMMA has played a major role in minimizing adverse events for Bellafill. Postmarketing surveillance data for the 2007‐2016 period show that for more than 530 000 Bellafill syringes distributed worldwide, 11 confirmed granulomas (excluding clinical trial data) (0.002% of syringes sold) have been reported. Data on other PMMA fillers are limited and inconsistent. The authors suggest that adverse events are often attributable to lack of proficiency in treatment technique and other factors.ConclusionBellafill has demonstrated an excellent safety and effectiveness profile in multiple clinical studies, customer feedback, and 10 years of postmarketing surveillance experience. Adverse events occur with all fillers for a variety of reasons. In addition to quality of the product, injector skill and technique are critical to ensuring good clinical outcomes.
Utilisation of hepatocellular carcinoma screening in Australians at risk of hepatitis B virus‐related carcinoma and prescribed anti‐viral therapy
Authors: Sheppard‐Law Suzanne , Zablotska‐Manos Iryna , Kermeen Melissa , Holdaway Susan , Lee Alice , George Jacob , Zekry Amany , Maher Lisa 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo investigate hepatocellular carcinoma screening utilisation and factors associated with utilisation among patients prescribed hepatitis B virus anti‐viral therapy and at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.BackgroundThe incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has increased in Australia over the past three decades with chronic hepatitis B virus infection a major contributor. hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programs aim to detect cancers early enabling curative treatment options, longer survival and longer times to recurrence.DesignMulti‐site cross‐sectional survey.MethodsAn online study questionnaire was administered to eligible participants attending three Sydney tertiary hospitals. Data were grouped into six mutually exclusive hepatocellular carcinoma risk factor categories as per American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines. All analyses were undertaken in STATA. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between covariates and screening utilisation. Multivariate models described were assessed using the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit.ResultsOf the 177 participants, 137 (77.4%) self‐reported that US had been performed in the last six months. Awareness that screening should be performed and knowing the correct frequency of US screening were independently associated with screening utilisation. Participants who knew that screening should be undertaken were three times more likely to have had pretreatment education or were prescribed hepatitis B virus anti‐viral treatment for >4 years. Participants reporting a family history of hepatocellular carcinoma were less likely to know that screening should be undertaken every 6 months.ConclusionWhile utilisation of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programs was higher in this study than in previous reports, strategies to further improve surveillance remain necessary.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings from this research form the basis for proposing strategies to improve utilisation of hepatocellular carcinoma screening, inform hepatitis B virus‐related clinical practice and for the delivery of care and nursing education to people receiving hepatitis B virus anti‐viral therapy and at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.
Calcium‐/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II in occlusion‐induced degenerative cartilage of rat mandibular condyle
Authors: Liu Q. , Yang H.‐x. , Wan X.‐h. , Zhang M. , Zhang J. , Lu L. , Xie M. , Ren H.‐t. , Yu S.‐b. , Liu X.‐d. , Wang M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryActivated calcium‐/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinaseII (CaMKII) is important to promote chondrocytes from proliferative to pre‐hypertrophic state, which probably plays a role in osteoarthritis (OA), a widespread degeneration disease with enhanced aberrant chondrocyte differentiation. Our aim was to detect the role of CaMKII, and its relationship with the feedback loop of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and Parathyroid‐related peptide (PTHrP) in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) OA. KN93, the competitive inhibitor of CaMKII, was added to the culture medium in vitro and was locally injected to rats TMJs (n = 54, female) every other day for 4 weeks from the beginning of the 5th and 9th week after installing of unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC), termed as 4 wk+4 wk and 8 wk+4 wk, accordingly. The RNA expression of CaMKII α (1.49 ± 0.09), CaMKII β (3.36 ± 0.20), Ihh (1.88 ± 0.06) and PTHrP (1.87 ± 0.12) was all enhanced, especially at 24 dyn/cm2 in vitro (all P < .05), accompanied with downregulated expression of cartilage matrix, but upregulated markers of chondrocytes differentiation (all P < 0.05). Similarity was observed in the 4 wk+4 wk group in vivo. In the 8 wk+4 wk group, UAC upregulated the RNA expression of CaMKII α (1.81 ± 0.24), CaMKII β (1.36 ± 0.07) and Ihh (1.70 ± 0.21), however, down‐regulated PTHrP (0.53 ± 0.04) (all P < .05), in consonance with the protein expression. All these changes were attenuated by KN93 (all P < .05). In conclusion, CaMKII took a role, via Ihh and PTHrP pathways, in promoting biomechanically induced TMJ chondrocytes differentiation, the initiation issue of UAC stimulated osteoarthritic changes in rodent TMJs. Inhibiting CaMKII is helpful to rescue the biomechanically stimulated cartilage degradation and prospective to be a target treatment of OA.
Salivary flow and xerostomia in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Carramolino‐Cuéllar Esther , Lauritano Dorina , Silvestre Francisco‐Javier , Carinci Francesco , Lucchese Alberta , Silvestre‐Rangil Javier 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundSaliva is secreted by the major and minor salivary glands. There are a number of physiological factors that can reduce this secretion such as age, sex, body weight, number of teeth present in the mouth or time of day. This decrease may also be caused by the use of certain drugs, radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, chronic rheumatic diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome and other systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of type 2 DM on salivary secretion and its relation to the sensation of xerostomia.MethodsForty‐seven patients with type 2 DM and 46 healthy individuals, aged 40‐80, participated in the study. Samples of saliva were collected, at rest and after stimulation, at baseline and after the administration of a meal. A questionnaire of 10 items was used to define the patients’ sensations of xerostomia. For statistical analysis, the Mann‐Whitney test was used to assess the difference in salivary flow between the two groups and the relationship between the response to each of the questions and salivary flow levels. The degree of the patients’ sensation of xerostomia was analysed by the Fisher test.Results and ConclusionsThere was a significant decrease in total saliva levels at rest in patients with type 2 DM compared to the control group. The study group also experienced higher levels of dryness at night and on waking as well as a greater sensation of lingual burning compared to the control group.
Integrative and collaborative care models between pediatric oral health and primary care providers: a scoping review of the literature
Authors: Gauger Tylor L. , Prosser Lisa A. , Fontana Margherita , Polverini Peter J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesCollaborative and/or integrative care between oral health and primary care providers can increase access to care to a more expansive population, helping to mitigate oral health related disease. The objective of this review was to present and evaluate different types of care models that exist between oral health and primary care providers in pediatric settings.MethodsA literature search was conducted using five databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, Cochrane Database, and EMBASE, to identify literature from January 1990 to January 2016. Combinations of controlled terms were utilized. Eligible sources targeted pediatric populations ages 1‐17 and provided descriptions of existing collaborative and/or integrative models.ResultsData related to the practice model, oral care provided, level of integration/collaboration and workflow were extracted. Sixteen articles were included that discussed 24 models of collaboration. These models provided ranges of services, but each offered a minimum of oral health risk assessment, oral health instruction, topical fluoride application and assessment for further treatment. These models included different levels of collaboration based off a ranking system created by the authors with 16.6 percent (4) classified as low, 54.2 percent (13) as medium and 29.2 percent (7) as high.ConclusionsExisting care models offered varying services and levels of integration and/or collaboration, but each offered a baseline of oral care. Most of these collaborations were based within Federally Qualified Health Centers and aimed to ease access to care issues.
Immunomodulatory effect of Artemisia argyi polysaccharide on peripheral blood leucocyte of broiler chickens
Authors: Zhang P. , Shi B. , Li T. , Xu Y. , Jin X. , Guo X. , Yan S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study was conducted to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of a water‐soluble polysaccharide extracted from Artemisia argyi (AAP) in vitro. The effect was assessed in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) of broilers, which were incubated with different AAP concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) for 24 hr at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. The results showed that, compared with the control group, immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration was increased in the supernatant of the 100 μg/ml AAP‐treated group (p < .05), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration was increased in the supernatant of the 200 μg/ml of AAP group (p < .05). In terms of cytokine production, production of interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in the supernatant was enhanced in the AAP group in a dose‐dependent function, as well as enhanced mRNA expressions were showed in the cells (p < .05). The highest concentration of these three cytokines was observed in different AAP groups (IL‐1β for 25 μg/ml of AAP, IL‐6 for 100, and 200 μg/ml of AAP, and TNF‐α for 100 μg/ml of AAP respectively). The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was increased when using AAP at the concentration of 100 μg/ml (p < .05) as compared to the control group. No significant effects on inducible nitric oxide synthase, Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 and nuclear factor Kappa B (NF‐κB) mRNA level were observed at each concentration of AAP. In conclusion, we found that AAP can specifically promote the production of immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG), cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α), as well as the NO concentration in vitro, but not through the activation of the TLR4/NF‐κB signalling pathway.
The importance of facilitative interactions on the performance of Colobanthus quitensis in an Antarctic tundra
Authors: Cavieres Lohengrin A. , Vivas Mercedes , Mihoc Maritza A. K. , Osses Diana A. , Ortiz‐Gutiérrez José M. , Saéz Patricia L. , Bravo León A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsThe sign of interactions among plants in very harsh environments is under debate. The Antarctic tundra is one of the harshest environments on Earth and only two vascular plants (Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis) have successfully established natural populations. D. antarctica mostly establishes facilitative interactions with other species (mosses), but there is no information about the inter‐specific interactions established by C. quitensis. We assessed whether C. quitensis grows frequently associated with D. antarctica, and if D. antarctica neighbours have a positive effect on the survival, growth and photochemical efficiency of C. quitensis individuals.LocationKing George Island, Antarctic Peninsula.MethodsTo assess the spatial association among the two Antarctic vascular plants fifty 50 m × 50 cm quadrats were sampled on each of four different substrates: moss carpet areas; dead moss carpet areas dominated by D. antarctica; a transition zone between dead moss carpets and fellfields; and fellfields characterized by very poor vegetation cover. Infrared thermal images were taken to estimate whether growth associated with D. antarctica affected the foliar temperature of C. quitensis. The importance of D. antarctica neighbours on the growth, survival and photochemical efficiency of C. quitensis was evaluated with a neighbour removal experiment.ResultsThe number of C. quitensis individuals associated with D. antarctica was significantly higher than when growing alone in the moss carpet and the dead moss carpet, while in the transition zone there was a trend in that direction. C. quitensis individuals growing associated with D. antarctica were bigger than those growing alone in these three substrate types. In the fellfield site there were no significant differences, neither in the number nor the size of individuals when growing alone or associated with D. antarctica. Foliar temperature of C. quitensis individuals associated with D. antarctica was slightly (1.1°C) but significantly higher than in those growing alone. The growth, survival and photochemical efficiency of C. quitensis individuals with neighbours were higher than in individuals with neighbours removed.ConclusionsOur results indicate that D. antarctica has a facilitative effect on the growth, survival and photochemical efficiency of C. quitensis. Thus, facilitative interactions are present and are important in one of the harshest environments on Earth, although results from the fellfield site indicate that further research is needed.