bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous Speech Recognition Affects Physician Editing of Notes
Authors: Lybarger Kevin , Ostendorf Mari , Riskin Eve , Payne Thomas , White Andrew , Yetisgen Meliha 
Published: October 2018

Objective Clinician progress notes are an important record for care and communication, but there is a perception that electronic notes take too long to write and may not accurately reflect the patient encounter, threatening quality of care. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has the potential to improve clinical documentation process; however, ASR inaccuracy and editing time are barriers to wider use. We hypothesized that automatic text processing technologies could decrease editing time and improve note quality. To inform the development of these technologies, we studied how physicians create clinical notes using ASR and analyzed note content that is revised or added during asynchronous editing.
Materials and Methods We analyzed a corpus of 649 dictated clinical notes from 9 physicians. Notes were dictated during rounds to portable devices, automatically transcribed, and edited later at the physician's convenience. Comparing ASR transcripts and the final edited notes, we identified the word sequences edited by physicians and categorized the edits by length and content.
Results We found that 40% of the words in the final notes were added by physicians while editing: 6% corresponded to short edits associated with error correction and format changes, and 34% were associated with longer edits. Short error correction edits that affect note accuracy are estimated to be less than 3% of the words in the dictated notes. Longer edits primarily involved insertion of material associated with clinical data or assessment and plans. The longer edits improve note completeness; some could be handled with verbalized commands in dictation.
Conclusion Process interventions to reduce ASR documentation burden, whether related to technology or the dictation/editing workflow, should apply a portfolio of solutions to address all categories of required edits. Improved processes could reduce an important barrier to broader use of ASR by clinicians and improve note quality.
Caffeine increases parasympathetic reactivation without altering resting and exercise cardiac parasympathetic modulation: A balanced placebo design
Authors: da Silva Rolim Paloma , da Costa Matos Raquel Adjafre , Von Koenig Soares Edgard de Melo Keene , Molina Guilherme Eckhardt , da Cruz Carlos Janssen Gomes 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe sympathicotonic effect of caffeine is strongly evidenced in the literature. However, the effects of caffeine or caffeine expectancy on the cardiac parasympathetic modulation remain obscure. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine consumption and expectancy of caffeine consumption on the cardiac parasympathetic modulation under different stress conditions. Twenty‐one physically active men (22.3 ± 2.9 years, 25.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2) consumed ∼3 mg/kg of caffeine received as caffeine, caffeine as placebo, placebo as placebo and placebo as caffeine. Parasympathetic modulation was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV‐Poincaré SD1 index) at supine and orthostatic positions, during a submaximal exercise (HRV threshold‐HRVT) and during each 60 seconds (s) within 300 s of post‐exercise active recovery. A factorial ANOVA for repeated measures (p < 0.05) was used to assess the effect of caffeine, expectancy and resting time after caffeine intake on the HRV. No significant effect of caffeine or expectancy was observed on the SD1 value at supine or standing positions (p = 0.47–0.53; p = 0.57–0.31, respectively), despite an increase in this variable after resting periods in both positions (p < 0.001). During exercise, caffeine and expectancy do not alter the HRVT (p = 0.51–0.39). However, higher SD1 values were observed after caffeine administration from 60 to 300 s post‐exercise recovery (p = 0.01–0.05) but not for the effects of expectancy (p = 0.19–0.94). We concluded that low doses of caffeine or expectancy do not alter the resting cardiac parasympathetic modulation or HRVT. However, caffeine, but not expectancy, increases parasympathetic reactivation after a submaximal exercise test in young men.
Preferences versus the Environment: How Do School Fruit and Vegetable Programs Affect Children's Fresh Produce Consumption?
Authors: Staudigel Matthias , Lingl Christoph , Roosen Jutta 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe assess the effects of the European Union's School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme (SFVS) on reported consumption frequencies and revealed preferences for fruit and vegetables among schoolchildren. Estimated treatment effects based on double‐difference models indicate that the SFVS raised children's fruit and vegetable consumption frequency by 30% to 50%. However, the results from actual choice data show that children exposed to the program had a decreased probability of choosing apple slices over cookies. Our findings suggest that the program increased fruit and vegetable consumption because of increased availability, exposure, and awareness rather than actual preference changes.
Technology Spillovers and Land Use Change: Empirical Evidence from Global Agriculture
Authors: Villoria Nelson B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe estimate the effects of agricultural technological progress on cropland expansion at various geographical resolutions, from the country level to the world as a whole, while formally accounting for the international interdependence of national supply responses. Evidence for these effects has thus far been scant, contributing to polarized perceptions about the potential for improving agricultural technologies as a means to slow down deforestation. We find that, in most countries of the world, growth in total factor productivity (TFP) is either uncorrelated or is positively associated with cropland expansion. Yet worldwide TFP growth have been an important source of global land savings. The divergence between the country‐level and the global results is explained by the changes in production patterns as countries interact in international markets. Our preferred point estimate of the elasticity of global cropland to global TFP growth is ‐0.34. Moreover, we estimate that satisfying food demand from 1991 to 2010 without observed TFP growth would have necessitated an additional 173 million hectares, or close to 10% of the area covered by tropical rain forests.
Wait, There’s a Baby in this Bath Water! Update on Quantitative and Qualitative Cut-Offs for Rey 15-Item Recall and Recognition
Authors: Poynter Kellie , Boone Kyle Brauer , Ermshar Annette , Miora Deborah , Cottingham Maria , Victor Tara L , Ziegler Elizabeth , Zeller Michelle A , Wright Matthew 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective
Evaluate the effectiveness of Rey 15-item plus recognition data in a large neuropsychological sample.

Method
Rey 15-item plus recognition scores were compared in credible (n = 138) and noncredible (n = 353) neuropsychology referrals.

Results
Noncredible patients scored significantly worse than credible patients on all Rey 15-item plus recognition scores. When cut-offs were selected to maintain at least 89.9% specificity, cut-offs could be made more stringent, with the highest sensitivity found for recognition correct (cut-off ≤11; 62.6% sensitivity) and the combination score (recall + recognition – false positives; cut-off ≤22; 60.6% sensitivity), followed by recall correct (cut-off ≤11; 49.3% sensitivity), and recognition false positive errors (≥3; 17.9% sensitivity). A cut-off of ≥4 applied to a summed qualitative error score for the recall trial resulted in 19.4% sensitivity. Approximately 10% of credible subjects failed either recall correct or recognition correct, whereas two-thirds of noncredible patients (67.7%) showed this pattern. Thirteen percent of credible patients failed either recall correct, recognition correct, or the recall qualitative error score, whereas nearly 70% of noncredible patients failed at least one of the three. Some individual qualitative recognition errors had low false positive rates (&lt;2%) indicating that their presence was virtually pathognomonic for noncredible performance. Older age (&gt;50) and IQ &lt; 80 were associated with increased false positive rates in credible patients.

Conclusions
Data on a larger sample than that available in the 2002 validation study show that Rey 15-item plus recognition cut-offs can be made more stringent, and thereby detect up to 70% of noncredible test takers, but the test should be used cautiously in older individuals and in individuals with lowered IQ.
The other office
Authors: Toll Elizabeth T 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Across recent decades, profound changes in the practice of medicine have been accompanied by parallel developments in the daily mental efforts of medical professionals. Using visual metaphors and hand-drawn illustrations, the author explores the evolution of one physician’s brain over the past 25 years. At the completion of training, the patient-practitioner relationship, medical knowledge, and care decisions dominated clinician thought, time, and effort. During the 1990’s, the growing constraints of third-party payers and government regulations presented new challenges to delivering relationship-based care. Over the past decade, the electronic health record (EHR) has added further cognitive complexity, disrupted human relationships, and contributed significantly to the current epidemic of clinician burnout. Solutions to these challenges include rethinking education, documentation, professional standards, institutional barriers, and regulatory mandates. It is important to pursue all solutions with the underlying premise of protecting healing relationships as the foundation of clinical care.
Physician stress and burnout: the impact of health information technology
Authors: Gardner Rebekah L , Cooper Emily , Haskell Jacqueline , Harris Daniel A , Poplau Sara , Kroth Philip J , Linzer Mark 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective
To quantify how stress related to use of health information technology (HIT) predicts burnout among physicians.

Methods
All 4197 practicing physicians in Rhode Island were surveyed in 2017 on their HIT use. Our main outcome was self-reported burnout. The presence of HIT-related stress was defined by report of at least 1 of the following: poor/marginal time for documentation, moderately high/excessive time spent on the electronic health record (EHR) at home, and agreement that using an EHR adds to daily frustration. We used logistic regression to assess the association between each HIT-related stress measure and burnout, adjusting for respondent demographics, practice characteristics, and the other stress measures.

Results
Of the 1792 physician respondents (43% response rate), 26% reported burnout. Among EHR users (91%), 70% reported HIT-related stress, with the highest prevalence in primary care-oriented specialties. After adjustment, physicians reporting poor/marginal time for documentation had 2.8 times the odds of burnout (95% CI: 2.0–4.1; P &lt; .0001), compared to those reporting sufficient time. Physicians reporting moderately high/excessive time on EHRs at home had 1.9 times the odds of burnout (95% CI: 1.4–2.8; P &lt; .0001), compared to those with minimal/no EHR use at home. Those who agreed that EHRs add to their daily frustration had 2.4 times the odds of burnout (95% CI: 1.6–3.7; P &lt; .0001), compared to those who disagreed.

Conclusion
HIT-related stress is measurable, common (about 70% among respondents), specialty-related, and independently predictive of burnout symptoms. Identifying HIT-specific factors associated with burnout may guide healthcare organizations seeking to measure and remediate burnout among their physicians and staff.
The Keisler–Shelah theorem for $\mathsf{QmbC}$ through semantical atomization
Authors: Ferguson Thomas Macaulay 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we consider some contributions to the model theory of the logic of formal inconsistency $\mathsf{QmbC}$ as a reply to Walter Carnielli, Marcelo Coniglio, Rodrigo Podiacki and Tarcísio Rodrigues’ call for a ‘wider model theory.’ This call demands that we align the practices and techniques of model theory for logics of formal inconsistency (LFIs) as closely as possible with those employed in classical model theory. The key result is a proof that the Keisler–Shelah isomorphism theorem holds for $\mathsf{QmbC}$, i.e. that the strong elementary equivalence of two $\mathsf{QmbC}$ models $\mathfrak{A}$ and $\mathfrak{B}$ is equivalent to them having strongly isomorphic ultrapowers. As intermediate steps, we introduce some notions of model-theoretic equivalence between $\mathsf{QmbC}$ models, explicitly prove Łoś’ theorem and introduce a useful technique of model-theoretic ‘atomization’ in which the satisfaction sets of non-deterministically evaluated formulae are associated with new predicates. Finally, we consider some of the extensions of $\mathsf{QmbC}$, explicitly showing that Keisler–Shelah holds for $\mathsf{QCi}$ and suggesting that it holds of extensions like $\mathsf{QCila}$ and $\mathsf{QCia}$ as well.
Effects of a Government-Academic Partnership: Has the NSF-CENSUS Bureau Research Network Helped Improve the US Statistical System?
Authors: Weinberg Daniel H , Abowd John M , Belli Robert F , Cressie Noel , Folch David C , Holan Scott H , Levenstein Margaret C , Olson Kristen M , Reiter Jerome P , Shapiro Matthew D , Smyth Jolene D , Soh Leen-Kiat , Spencer Bruce D , Spielman Seth E , Vilhuber Lars , Wikle Christopher K 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The National Science Foundation-Census Bureau Research Network (NCRN) was established in 2011 to create interdisciplinary research nodes on methodological questions of interest and significance to the broader research community and to the Federal Statistical System (FSS), particularly to the Census Bureau. The activities to date have covered both fundamental and applied statistical research and have focused at least in part on the training of current and future generations of researchers in skills of relevance to surveys and alternative measurement of economic units, households, and persons. This article focuses on some of the key research findings of the eight nodes, organized into six topics: (1) improving census and survey data-quality and data collection methods; (2) using alternative sources of data; (3) protecting privacy and confidentiality by improving disclosure avoidance; (4) using spatial and spatio-temporal statistical modeling to improve estimates; (5) assessing data cost and data-quality tradeoffs; and (6) combining information from multiple sources. The article concludes with an evaluation of the ability of the FSS to apply the NCRN’s research outcomes, suggests some next steps, and discusses the implications of this research-network model for future federal government research initiatives.
A quantitative analysis of systematic differences in the positions and proper motions of Gaia DR2 with respect to VLBI
Authors: Petrov L , Kovalev Y Y , Plavin A V 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
We have analysed the differences in positions of 9081 matched sources between the Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) catalogues. The median position uncertainty of matched sources in the VLBI catalogue is a factor of two larger than the median position uncertainty in Gaia DR2. There are 9 per cent matched sources with statistically significant offsets between both catalogues. We found that the reported positional errors should be rescaled by a factor of 1.3 for VLBI and 1.06 for Gaia and, in addition, the Gaia errors should be multiplied by the square root of chi squared per degree of freedom in order to best fit the normalized position differences to the Rayleigh distribution. We have established that the major contributor to statistically significant position offsets is the presence of optical jets. Among the sources for which the jet direction was determined, the position offsets are parallel to the jet directions for 62 per cent of the outliers. Among the matched sources with significant proper motion, the fraction of objects with proper motion directions parallel to jets is a factor of three greater than on average. Such sources have systematically higher chi squared per degree of freedom. We explain these proper motions as a manifestation of the source position jitter caused by flares, which we predicted earlier. Therefore, the assumption that quasars are fixed points, and thus that differential proper motions determined with respect to quasar photocentres can be regarded as absolute proper motions, should be treated with great caution.
Quality improvement of neuro-oncology services: integrating the routine collection of patient-reported, health-related quality-of-life measures
Authors: Fernández-Méndez Rocío , Rastall Rebecca J , Sage William A , Oberg Ingela , Bullen Gemma , Charge Amy Louise , Crofton Anna , Santarius Thomas , Watts Colin , Price Stephen J , Brodbelt Andrew , Joannides Alexis J 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Brain cancer has a strong impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and its evaluation in clinical practice can improve the quality of care provided. The aim of this project was to integrate routine collection of HRQoL information from patients with brain tumor or metastasis in 2 specialized United Kingdom tertiary centers, and to evaluate the implementation process.

Methods
Since October 2016, routine collection of electronic self-reported HRQoL information has been progressively embedded in the participating centers using standard questionnaires. During the first year, the project was implemented, and the process evaluated, through regular cycles of process evaluation followed by an action plan, monitoring of questionnaire completion rates, and assessment of patient views.

Results
Main challenges encountered included reluctance to change usual practice and limited resources. Key measures for success included strong leadership of senior staff, involvement of stakeholders in project design and evaluation, and continuous strategic support to professionals. Final project workflow included 6 process steps, 1 decision step, and 4 outputs. Questionnaires were mostly self-completed (75.1%), and completion took 6-9 minutes. Most patients agreed that the questionnaire items were easy to understand (97.0%), important for them (93.0%), and helped them think what they wanted to discuss in their clinical consultation (75.4%).

Conclusions
Integrating HRQoL information as a routine part of clinical assessments has the potential to enhance individually tailored patient care in our institutions. Challenges involved in innovations of this nature can be overcome through a systematic approach involving strong leadership, wide stakeholder engagement, and strategic planning.
Acute Toxoplasma Dissemination With Encephalitis in the Era of Biological Therapies
Authors: Gharamti Amal A , Rao Amy , Pecen Paula E , Henao-Martínez Andrés F , Franco-Paredes Carlos , Montoya José G 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We report the case of a 65-year-old patient with pseudolymphoma who developed acute toxoplasmosis following 6 cycles of rituximab and bendamustine therapy. Acute toxoplasmosis in the setting of biological response modifiers, rather than reactivation, is a unique unreported infection. The patient developed severe disease with multi-organ involvement, including retinitis, myocarditis, and myositis. We discuss the clinical findings, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis.
Food Controversies
Authors: Norwood F. Bailey 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
As knowledge of agriculture, food, and nutrition grows by leaps and bounds, so do agricultural controversies. While the developing world fights over access to food, the United States and western Europe fight over the moral high ground in terms of food. This chapter seeks to explain the prevalence of agricultural controversies in the presence of growing scientific knowledge. It explains how controversies persist due to insufficient facts to resolve them, how a single controversy can be a proxy war over much bigger issues, the ease with which we conflate specific policies and social movements, the difficult task of debating science and policy simultaneously, and the myriad influences determining a person’s views.
Intersections of Food and Culture
Authors: Takeda Wakako , Banwell Cathy , Setiloane Kelebogile T. , Melby Melissa K 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines how culture influences what people eat, and how food practices function to enculturate the next generation. We examine four case studies of two food items (sugars and animal proteins) in countries ranging from developing to developed economies, and Western, Eastern, and African cultures. The first three case studies focus on sugar (Australia, Japan, and Thailand) with Australia providing a case study from a Western developed country, Japan providing an example from an Eastern developed country, and Thailand providing an example from a new industrialized country. These three countries have seen changes in sugar consumption paralleling increases in non-communicable diseases. Although global concern for malnutrition is increasingly focused on overconsumption and obesity, it is important to remember that much of the world’s population still struggles with undernutrition. The fourth case study of the Yoruba in southern Nigeria serves to remind us of the importance of cross-cultural comparisons and diversity, as we see that many Yoruba children experience stunting and hunger. For them overconsumption of processed food and sugars is not the primary problem; rather, it is underconsumption of protein, particularly given their infectious disease load. Around the world, culture influences food preferences, and at the same time foods often are used to convey cultural values—such as convenience and modernity, urban lifestyle, hospitality, socialization, and moral education for children. Together these factors have implications for public health interventions and policies, yet collectively require a locally nuanced understanding of culture.
Qualitative Research and Complex Teams
Authors: Davidson Judith 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Most qualitative research methodology texts are addressed to individual researchers working alone, whereas the majority of qualitative research today is probably conducted by complex teams. Team-based researchers recognize the work they are doing is complicated, difficult, and differs significantly from the single researcher working on a single project, but they have lacked information on how standard practices of the field are translated into group practice, particularly in the realm of writing, which is central to all qualitative research work. Bucking that trend, this text addresses the unique methodological needs of researchers who are conducting qualitative research as part of a complex team. This book is anchored in the belief that writing on team-based qualitative research has strong overlap with, and at the same time, vast differences from the writing that is produced by the single researcher working alone. The text provides background on the reasons behind the rise in complex team research and the ways qualitative researchers have attended to this change in context. There is detailed discussion of team basics, including: team formation, research design and project organization, and important ethical issues. The issues of both methodological and substantive writing are taken up in separate chapters. The book concludes with consideration of future trends and recommendations. Written with the detailed explanations that experienced qualitative researchers will be seeking, this text also covers important basics for those new to qualitative research, making it useful for both expert and novice.