bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angular Sizes and Effective Temperatures of O-type Stars from Optical Interferometry with the CHARA Array
Authors: Gordon Kathryn D. , Gies Douglas R. , Schaefer Gail H. , Huber Daniel , Ireland Michael , Hillier D. John 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present interferometric observations of six O-type stars that were made with the Precision Astronomical Visible Observations beam combiner at the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) Array. The observations include multiple brackets for three targets, λ Ori A, ζ Oph, and 10 Lac, but there are only preliminary, single observations of the other three stars, ξ Per, α Cam, and ζ Ori A. The stellar angular diameters range from 0.55 mas for ζ Ori A down to 0.11 mas for 10 Lac, the smallest star yet resolved with the CHARA Array. The rotational oblateness of the rapidly rotating star ζ Oph is directly measured for the first time. We assembled ultraviolet to infrared flux measurements for these stars, and then derived angular diameters and reddening estimates using model atmospheres and an effective temperature set by published results from analysis of the line spectrum. The model-based angular diameters are in good agreement with those observed. We also present estimates for the effective temperatures of these stars, derived by setting the interferometric angular size and fitting the spectrophotometry.
Linear Acoustic Waves in a Nonisothermal Atmosphere. I. Simple Nonisothermal Layer Solution and Acoustic Cutoff Frequency
Authors: Chae Jongchul , Litvinenko Yuri E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We investigate the behavior of acoustic waves in a nonisothermal atmosphere based on the analytical solution of the wave equation. Specifically, we consider acoustic waves propagating upwardly in a simple nonisothermal layer where temperature either increases or decreases monotonically with height. We present the solutions for both velocity fluctuation and pressure fluctuation. In these solutions, either velocity or pressure is spatially oscillatory in one part of the layer and nonoscillatory in the other part, with the two parts being smoothly connected to one another. Since the two parts transmit the same amount of wave energy in each frequency, it is unreasonable to identify the oscillating solution with the propagating solution and the nonoscillating solution with the nonpropagating solution. The acoustic cutoff frequency is defined as the frequency that separates the solution that is spatially oscillatory for both velocity and pressure and the solution that is not oscillatory for either velocity or pressure. The cutoff frequency is found to be the same as the Lamb frequency at the bottom in the temperature-decreasing layer but higher than this in the temperature-increasing layer. Based on the transmission efficiency introduced to quantify the wave propagation, we suggest that the acoustic cutoff frequency should be understood as the center of the frequency band where the transition from low acoustic transmission to high transmission takes place, rather than as the frequency sharply separating the propagating solution and the nonpropagating solution.
Explaining the Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters by Multiple Episodes of Star Formation and Enrichment without Gas Expulsion from Massive Star Feedback
Authors: Kim Jenny J. , Lee Young-Wook 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In order to investigate the origin of multiple stellar populations found in globular clusters (GCs) in the halo and bulge of the Milky Way, we have constructed chemical evolution models for their putative low-mass progenitors. In light of recent theoretical developments, we assume that supernova blast waves undergo blowout without expelling the pre-enriched ambient gas, while relatively slow winds of massive stars (WMSs), together with the winds and ejecta from low- to high-mass asymptotic giant branch stars, are all locally retained in these less massive systems. Interestingly, we find that the observed Na–O anti-correlations in metal-poor GCs can be reproduced when multiple episodes of starburst and enrichment are allowed to continue in these subsystems. A specific form of star formation history with decreasing time intervals between the successive stellar generations, however, is required to obtain this result, which is in good agreement with the parameters obtained from synthetic horizontal branch models. The “mass budget problem” is also much alleviated by our models without ad hoc assumptions on star formation efficiency, initial mass function, and the preferential loss of first-generation stars. We also apply these models to investigate the origin of super-He-rich red clump stars in the metal-rich bulge suggested by Lee et al. We find that chemical enrichment by the WMSs can naturally reproduce the required strong He enhancement in metal-rich subsystems. Our results further underscore that gas expulsion or retention is a key factor in understanding the multiple populations in GCs.
Constraining Solar Position and Velocity with a nearby Hypervelocity Star
Authors: Hattori Kohei , Valluri Monica , Castro Norberto 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Gravitational three-body interaction among binary stars and the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way occasionally ejects a hypervelocity star (HVS) with a velocity of

∼
1000

km

s

−
1

. Due to the ejection location, such an HVS initially has negligible azimuthal angular momentum

L

z

≃
0

kpc

km

s

−
1

. Even if the halo is mildly triaxial, L

z
of a recently ejected nearby HVS remains negligible, since its flight time from the Galactic center is too short to accumulate noticeable torque. However, if we make a wrong assumption about the solar position and velocity, such an HVS would apparently have noticeable nonzero azimuthal angular momentum, due to the wrong reflex motion of the Sun. Conversely, with precise astrometric data for a nearby HVS, we can measure the solar position and velocity by assuming that the HVS has zero azimuthal angular momentum. Based on this idea, here we propose a method to estimate the Galactocentric distance of the Sun R
0 and the Galactocentric solar azimuthal velocity V
⊙ by using an HVS. We demonstrate with mock data for a nearby HVS candidate that the Gaia astrometric data, along with the currently available constraint on V
⊙/R
0 from the proper motion measurement of Sgr A*, can constrain R
0 and V
⊙ with uncertainties of ∼0.27 kpc and ∼7.8 km s−1 (or fractional uncertainties of 3%), respectively. Our method will be a promising tool to constrain (R
0, V
⊙), given that Gaia is expected to discover many nearby HVSs in the near future.
Benchmarking Atomic Data from Large-scale Multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock Calculations for Astrophysics: S-like Ions from Cr ix to Cu xiv
Authors: Wang K. , Song C. X. , Jönsson P. , Zanna G. Del , Schiffmann S. , Godefroid M. , Gaigalas G. , Zhao X. H. , Si R. , Chen C. Y. , Yan J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present a consistent set of calculated energies and E1, M1, E2, M2 radiative transition data for the main n = 3 levels from the 3s
23p
4, 3p
6,

,

,

,

, and

configurations for S-like ions from Cr ix to Cu xiv. The fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method implemented in the GRASP2K code is used to perform the present calculations. The excitation energies of the lowest 47 levels from the

,

, and

configurations, producing the strongest lines, are found to be in good agreement, reaching spectroscopic accuracy, with the latest experimental values for Fe xi evaluated by Del Zanna. Our energies can reliably be used to identify in astrophysical and laboratory spectra the

levels in other S-like ions, which are mostly unknown. On the contrary, significant discrepancies with the 3s3p
43d levels were found, emphasizing the need for more detailed experimental studies. A few new tentative identifications are suggested. The benchmarks we present indicate that our consistent set of radiative data is accurate and can be used for spectral line modeling.
Obliquity Tides May Drive WASP-12b’s Rapid Orbital Decay
Authors: Millholland Sarah , Laughlin Gregory 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Recent analyses have revealed a mystery. The orbital period of the highly inflated hot Jupiter, WASP-12b, is decreasing rapidly. The rate of inspiral, however, is too fast to be explained by either eccentricity tides or equilibrium stellar tides. While dynamical stellar tides are possible, they require a subgiant structure for the star, whereas stellar models point toward a main-sequence host. Here, we show that these hitherto irreconcilable observations might be explained by planetary obliquity tides if planet b’s spin vector is trapped in a high-obliquity state maintained by a secular spin–orbit resonance with an unseen exterior perturbing planet. We derive constraints on the obliquity (

), reduced tidal quality factor (

), and perturbing planet parameters (

,

) required to generate the observed orbital decay. Direct N-body simulations that include tidal and spin dynamics reinforce the plausibility of the scenario. Furthermore, we show that the resonance could have been captured when planet b’s obliquity was small, making the proposed sequence of events easy to explain. The hypothetical perturbing planet is within the limits of current radial velocity constraints on the system, yet it is also detectable. If it exists, it could provide evidence in favor of the in situ formation hypothesis for hot Jupiters.
Pharmacological correction of experimental osteoporosis and fractures related to it by means of rosuvastatin, L-norvaline and their combination
Authors: Sobolev Mikhail S. , Faitelson Alexander V. , Rajkumar Samuel 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: osteoporosis (OP) is a multifactorial disease which is based on a dynamic decrease in bone mass and, as a result, disruption of bone structure, leading to higher chances of skeletal fractures. Endothelial dysfunction is a key cause of impaired blood supply to the bone, resulting in a decreased perfusion, disrupted osteogenesis and, as a consequence, osteoporotic changes. According to modern literature and available research, L-norvaline and rosuvastatin have a powerful endotheliotropic effect. However, there is no information that the osteoprotective properties of these drugs used as a monotherapy and as their combination have ever been studied.
Materials and Methods: Simulation of experimental osteoporosis was performed on 120 white female Wistar rats. After eight weeks, the operated rats developed hypoestrogenic osteoporosis. L-norvaline and rosuvastatin, both as a monotherapy and in their combination, were used from week 9 to week 12, inclusive. The extent of changes on the background of osteoporosis was estimated twelve weeks after oophorectomy. Simulation of closed osteoporotic fractures of the femurs and their osteosynthesis were performed on 120 white female Wistar rats. Experimental osteoporosis was modeled on all animals (except the control group). Eight weeks after the removal of the ovaries on the background of developing osteoporosis, fractures of the femur were simulated. The test drugs and their combination were applied from week 1 to week 4, inclusive, after the modeling of osteoporotic fractures and their osteosynthesis. Twelve weeks after the start of the experiment, the results of fracture consolidation were analyzed.
Results and Discussion: Rosuvastatin at a dose of 0.86 mg/kg, L-norvaline at a dose of 10 mg/kg, and their combination prevented a decrease in the level of microcirculation in the callus, had an anti-osteoporotic effect, and also contributed to an increased number of healed experimental fractures. The osteoprotective effect of the test drugs is, apparently, due to their endothelial-protective action.
Conclusion: The range of the pleiotropic action of drugs with endothelial-protective properties can be extended by adding an osteoprotective element, which, however, requires additional research.
Les entrepreneurs du « bien vieillir » à Dakar, entre survivance et convivance
Authors: Crenn Chantal , Ka Abdou 
Published: December 2018

Au Sénégal, la gestion du vieillissement est multidimensionnelle. Le pourcentage de personnes âgées bénéficiant d’une couverture sociale ne dépasse pas 10 %. Les politiques mises en œuvre par le gouvernement sénégalais pour la prise en charge de cette population âgée sont balbutiantes. Nous analysons ici le bricolage des médecins et le militantisme des acteurs concernés par la problématique du vieillissement à travers un réseau national et international. L’imbrication des solidarités institutionnelles, familiales, intra et intergénérationnelles montre la complexité de la question du vieillissement dans ce pays pris entre convivance et survivance, comme Marc Abélès les a définis.
Managing cabbage seedpod weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in canola (Brassicaceae) – areLygus(Hemiptera: Miridae) affected?
Authors: Cárcamo H.A. , Meers S.B. , Herle C.E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictusMarsham; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) andLygusHahn (Hemiptera: Miridae) species are part of the late season insect pest complex of canola (BrassicaLinnaeus; Brassicacea) in the southern prairies of Canada. From 2010 to 2013, large strips in 73 commercial fields were studied in southern Alberta to validate action thresholds for cabbage seedpod weevil and assess the impact of insecticide spraying at the early flower stage for cabbage seedpod weevils on abundance ofLygusat the pod stage. Only fields planted in April accumulated the damaging populations of cabbage seedpod weevils, such that the application of an insecticide resulted in significant yield protection. The economic injury level for the cabbage seedpod weevil was calculated at 20 cabbage seedpod weevils per 10 sweeps, but an action threshold of 25–40 is recommended because sampling mainly occurs along the edge where cabbage seedpod weevils are initially concentrated. At the pod stage,Lyguswere lower in strips sprayed with insecticides at the early flower stage than in those not sprayed, but the differences were not statistically significant. Furthermore,Lyguswere generally below economically damaging levels in early seeded fields. Therefore, there is no benefit of spraying early seeded fields to attempt to preventLygusoutbreaks when cabbage seedpod weevils are below thresholds becauseLygusmay pose a risk only in fields planted later in the season.
Women Writers and the Nation’s Past, 1790–1860
Authors: Spongberg Mary 
Published: December 2018

1790 saw the publication of Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France – the definitive tract of modern conservatism as a political philosophy. Though women of the period wrote texts that clearly responded to and reacted against Burke’s conception of English history and to the contemporary political events that continued to shape it, this conversation was largely ignored or dismissed, and much of it remains to be reconsidered today.
Examining the works of women writers from Jane Austen and Mary Wollstonecraft to the Strickland sisters and Mary Anne Everett Green, this book begins to recuperate that conversation and in doing so uncovers a more complete and nuanced picture of women’s participation in the writing of history. Professor Mary Spongberg puts forward an alternate, feminized historiography of Britain that demonstrates how women writers’ recourse to history caused them to become generically innovative and allowed them to participate in the political debates that framed the emergence of modern British historiography, and to push back against the Whig interpretation of history that predominated from 1790-1860.
Mapeamento Tecnológico das Patentes Desenvolvidas a partir da Tecnolocia Blockchain: um cenário global
Authors: Gomes Vinícius José Ferro , Uchoa Sílvia Beatriz Beger , Santos Tygra Ferreira da Silva 
Published: December 2018

O Blockchain é a tecnologia que permitiu a criação da criptomoeda bitcoin, funcionando como uma espécie de livro-razão, no qual são armazenados dados sem a possibilidade de alteração; suas transações não necessitam de intermediários, pois ocorrem através de tecnologia descentralizada em uma rede ponto-a-ponto. Este trabalho prospectivo tem por objetivo investigar a evolução de produtos tecnológicos desenvolvidos a partir da tecnologia Blockchain, mostrando a sua versatilidade e aplicabilidade nas mais diversas áreas. Também se buscou categorizar os inventos, pontuar quais setores se encontram em destaque e evidenciar inventores, bem como depositantes envolvidos com essa tecnologia. A pesquisa foi realizada em documentos científicos na base de dados Scopus e, para patentes, foi utilizada a ferramenta Questel-Orbit®, com cobertura de publicações de 87 escritórios nacionais e 6 escritórios regionais. As investigações foram realizadas no mês de maio de 2018 e trouxeram o quantitativo de 1.256 documentos científicos, entre eles 375 artigos. Já o resultado da busca patentária revelou 1.548 patentes relacionadas à tecnologia Blockchain, mostrando um crescimento de documentos relativos à tecnologia a partir do ano de 2015.
Corruption and Electoral Accountability: Avenues for Future Research
Authors: De Vries Catherine E. , Solaz Hector 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe vast majority of people across the globe lives in countries characterized by high levels of corruption, commonly defined as the public misuse of private gains. Although the exact costs of corruption are difficult to estimate, research suggests that corruption is bad for economic and social development. Not only has corruption been shown to have a detrimental effect on a country's economy, the ability to generate tax revenue and social equality, the political effects of corruption are also considerable. Owing to its association with weak state capacity, corruption may damage the ability of governments to craft and implement policies in areas in which continued intervention and investment is needed and their capacity to respond quickly and effectively to sudden shocks. Owing to these undesirable outcomes, elections are supposed to curb corruption because voters will throw the rascals out. Recent research, however, suggests that more often than not corruption goes unpunished at the ballot box. This essay sets out possible research avenues to find out why this is the case.
The Emerging Field of Social and Behavioral Epigenetics
Authors: Mulligan Connie J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Social and behavioral epigenetics is the study of psychosocial factors that impact biology through an epigenetic mechanism. Epigenetic modifications influence the activity of genes without altering the underlying DNA sequence. DNA methylation is one type of epigenetic modification that has been widely studied and found to associate with a broad range of psychosocial stressors. This essay reviews the landmark studies and current innovations. An evolutionary context for epigenetic changes induced by psychosocial stress, and the possible heritability of such changes, is also presented. The involvement of social and behavioral scientists in this emerging field is essential to ensure that the nuances of the psychosocial environment are well understood and accurately modeled.
The Transnationalized Social Question: Migration and Social Inequalities
Authors: Faist Thomas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe social question is back. Yet today's social question is not primarily between labor and capital, as it was in the nineteenth century and throughout much of the twentieth. The contemporary social question is located at the interstices between the global South and the global North. It finds its expression in movements of people, seeking a better life or fleeing unsustainable social, political, economic, and ecological conditions. It is transnationalized because migrants and their significant others entertain ties across the borders of national states in transnational social spaces; because of the cross‐border diffusion of norms; and because there are implications of migration for social inequalities within national states. In earlier periods class differences dominated political conflicts, and while class has always been crisscrossed by manifold heterogeneities, not least of all cultural ones around ethnicity, religion, and language; it is these latter heterogeneities that have sharpened over the past decades.
The memory‐impairing effects of simulated amnesia for a mock crime
Authors: Romeo Tameka , Otgaar Henry , Smeets Tom , Landström Sara , Jelicic Marko 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe present study examined whether mock offenders, who were instructed to falsely deny crime details or to simulate amnesia, would consequently experience impaired memory. Ninety‐three university students were first asked to commit a mock crime and were then assigned to three different conditions (i.e., false denial, simulated amnesia, and truth telling) and then received the first memory test. The following day, participants completed a second memory test. Results showed that the memory impairment was not observed in participants in the false denial condition. However, in the simulated amnesia group, memory about being interviewed in the first session was impaired. The simulated amnesia group also had lower recollection and belief ratings in the occurrence of true details for the mock event. Findings suggest that after simulating amnesia, offenders can forget details related to the interview and exhibit diminished ratings for the recollection of and belief in their memory for experienced events.
The influence of background music on learners with varying extraversion: Seductive detail or beneficial effect?
Authors: Lehmann Janina Annika Mara , Hamm Verena , Seufert Tina 
Published: December 2018

SummarySeductive details in general affect learning and cognitive load negatively. However, especially background music as a seductive detail may also influence the learner's arousal, whose optimal level depends on the learner's extraversion. Therefore, the effects of extraversion and background music on learning outcomes, cognitive load, and arousal were investigated. We tested 167 high school students and found better transfer outcomes for the group with background music. They also reported higher germane load, but no impact of background music on extraneous cognitive load or arousal was found. In the group without background music, learners with higher extraversion reached better recall scores, which was not found in the group with background music. Results may cautiously be interpreted that there is a beneficial impact of background music that compensates for the disadvantages of low extraverted learners and which cannot be explained through arousal.