bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectric relaxation and local domain structures of ferroelectric PIMNT and PMNT single crystals
Authors: Li Kai , Sun Enwei , Qi Xudong , Yang Bin , Liu Jian , Cao Wenwu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDielectric relaxation properties of ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐0.49Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.27PbTiO3 (PIMNT27) and binary Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.27PbTiO3 (PMNT27) single crystals have been investigated. The dielectric constant peak temperature Tm with frequency obeys the Vogel‐Fulcher (V‐F) law. The dielectric constants at temperatures above Tm can be described by the Lorenz‐type relationship. The fitting parameter δA and ΔTm of PIMNT27 are higher than those of PMNT27, indicating stronger relaxation in ternary PIMNT system. Local nanodomain structures were measured by the piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM). The average autocorrelation function technique was applied to quantify these nanoscale domain patterns. The PIMNT27 exhibits smaller size nanodomains and shorter mean local short‐range correlation length compared to PMNT27. The enhanced local disorder in PIMNT is related to the introduction of In3+ in PMNT system, which can enhance the disorder of B‐site ions. In addition, the evolution of local polarization rotation under a step‐increased tip dc voltage and the mean local short‐range correlation length <ξ> as a function of dc voltage were obtained for both PIMNT27 and PMNT27 single crystals, which are crucial parameters for the understanding of the relationship between dielectric relaxation and local domain structures in relaxor‐PbTiO3 systems.
Bovine‐derived xenograft in combination with autogenous bone chips versus xenograft alone for the augmentation of bony dehiscences around oral implants: A randomized, controlled, split‐mouth clinical trial
Authors: Temmerman Andy , Cortellini Simone , Van Dessel Jeroen , De Greef Alexander , Jacobs Reinhilde , Dhondt Rutger , Teughels Wim , Quirynen Marc 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to evaluate whether the use of a xenograft is not inferior to the use of xenograft and autogenous bone chips in treating dehiscences at implant placement.Materials and MethodsAfter implant placement, leaving a dehiscence, control sites were treated using a composite graft (autogenous bone chips and xenograft) and at the test sites 100% xenograft was used. Both sites were covered with a resorbable collagen membrane. Dehiscences were measured clinically at implant placement and at re‐entry. CBCT was taken immediately after implant placement and after 4 months.ResultsIn total, 28 GBR procedures were performed in 14 patients. On average, the change in vertical defect height was 2.07 mm (46.7%—test group) and 2.28 mm (50.9%—control group) (p > .05). The horizontal defect width at the implant shoulder change on average 1.85 mm (40.5%—test group) and 1.75 mm (40.9%—control group) (p > .05). On average, a loss in augmentation thickness of 0.45 mm (68.9%—test group) and 0.64 mm (55.5% control group) between implant placement and augmentation and abutment surgery was obtained at the implant shoulder.ConclusionBoth treatment modalities seem to work to a certain extent. At implant shoulder level, the augmentation thickness seems to be disappeared after the healing phase. (NCT03946020).
Yes, correct context is indeed the key: An answer to Haave‐Audet et al. 2019
Authors: Herczeg Gábor , Urszán Tamás János , Orf Stephanie , Nagy Gergely , Kotrschal Alexander , Kolm Niclas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe published a study recently testing the link between brain size and behavioural plasticity using brain size selected guppy (Poecilia reticulata) lines (2019, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 32, 218‐226). Only large‐brained fish showed habituation to a new, but actually harmless environment perceived as risky, by increasing movement activity over the 20‐day observation period. We concluded that “Our results suggest that brain size likely explains some of the variation in behavioural plasticity found at the intraspecific level”. In a commentary published in the same journal, Haave‐Audet et al. challenged the main message of our study, stating that (a) relative brain size is not a suitable proxy for cognitive ability and (b) habituation measured by us is likely not adaptive and costly. In our response, we first show that a decade's work has proven repeatedly that relative brain size is indeed positively linked to cognitive performance in our model system. Second, we discuss how switching from stressed to unstressed behaviour in stressful situations without real risk is likely adaptive. Finally, we point out that the main cost of behavioural plasticity in our case is the development and maintenance of the neural system needed for information processing, and not the expression of plasticity. We hope that our discussion with Haave‐Audet et al. helps clarifying some central issues in this emerging research field.
Home Health Care After Skilled Nursing Facility Discharge Following Heart Failure Hospitalization
Authors: Weerahandi Himali , Bao Haikun , Herrin Jeph , Dharmarajan Kumar , Ross Joseph S. , Jones Simon , Horwitz Leora I. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVEHeart failure (HF) readmission rates have plateaued despite scrutiny of hospital discharge practices. Many HF patients are discharged to skilled nursing facility (SNF) after hospitalization before returning home. Home healthcare (HHC) services received during the additional transition from SNF to home may affect readmission risk. Here, we examined whether receipt of HHC affects readmission risk during the transition from SNF to home following HF hospitalization.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGFee‐for‐service Medicare data, 2012 to 2015.PARTICIPANTSBeneficiaries, aged 65 years and older, hospitalized with HF who were subsequently discharged to SNF and then discharged home.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was unplanned readmission within 30 days of discharge to home from SNF. We compared time to readmission between those with and without HHC services using a Cox model.RESULTSOf 67 585 HF hospitalizations discharged to SNFs and subsequently discharged home, 13 257 (19.6%) were discharged with HHC, and 54 328 (80.4%) were discharged without HHC. Patients discharged home from SNFs with HHC had lower 30‐day readmission rates than patients discharged without HHC (22.8% vs 24.5%; P < .0001) and a longer time to readmission. In an adjusted model, the hazard for readmission was 0.91 (0.86‐0.95) with receipt of HHC.CONCLUSIONSRecipients of HHC were less likely to be readmitted within 30 days vs those discharged home without HHC. This is unexpected, as patients discharged with HHC likely have more functional impairments. Since patients requiring a SNF stay after hospital discharge may have additional needs, they may particularly benefit from restorative therapy through HHC; however, only approximately 20% received such services. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:96–102, 2019
A multimolecular signaling complex including PrPC and LRP1 is strictly dependent on lipid rafts and is essential for the function of tissue plasminogen activator
Authors: Mattei Vincenzo , Manganelli Valeria , Martellucci Stefano , Capozzi Antonella , Mantuano Elisabetta , Longo Agostina , Ferri Alberto , Garofalo Tina , Sorice Maurizio , Misasi Roberta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrion protein (PrPC) localizes stably in lipid rafts microdomains and is able to recruit downstream signal transduction pathways by the interaction with promiscuous partners. Other proteins have the ability to occasionally be recruited to these specialized membrane areas, within multimolecular complexes. Among these, we highlight the presence of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1), which was found localized transiently in lipid rafts, suggesting a different function of this receptor that through lipid raft becomes able to activate a signal transduction pathway triggered by specific ligands, including Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Since it has been reported that PrPC participates in the tPA‐mediated plasminogen activation, in this study, we describe the role of lipid rafts in the recruitment and activation of downstream signal transduction pathways mediated by the interaction among tPA, PrPC and LRP1 in human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐BE2 cell line. Co‐immunoprecipitation analysis reveals a consistent association between PrPC and GM1, as well as between LRP1 and GM1, indicating the existence of a glycosphingolipid‐enriched multimolecular complex. In our cell model, knocking‐down PrPC by siRNA impairs ERK phosphorylation induced by tPA. Moreover the alteration of the lipidic milieu of lipid rafts, perturbing the physical/functional interaction between PrPC and LRP1, inhibits this response. We show that LRP1 and PrPC, following tPA stimulation, may function as a system associated with lipid rafts, involved in receptor‐mediated neuritogenic pathway. We suggest this as a multimolecular signaling complex, whose activity depends strictly on the integrity of lipid raft and is involved in the neuritogenic signaling.
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Valproic acid affects neuronal fate and microglial function via enhancing autophagic flux in mice after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zheng Zhilong , Wu Yanqing , Li Zhengmao , Ye Luxia , Lu Qi , Zhou Yajiao , Yuan Yuan , Jiang Ting , Xie Ling , Liu Yanlong , Chen Daqing , Ye Junming , Nimlamool Wutigri , Zhang Hongyu , Xiao Jian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent years, many studies have focused on autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that relies on lysosomes to achieve cellular metabolic requirements and organelle turnover, and revealed its important role in animal models of traumatic injury. Autophagy is a double‐edged sword. Appropriate levels of autophagy can promote the removal of abnormal proteins or damaged organelles, while hyperactivated autophagy can induce autophagic apoptosis. However, recent studies suggest that autophagic flux seems to be blocked after traumatic brain injury (TBI), which contributes to the apoptosis of brain cells. In this study, valproic acid (VPA), which was clinically used for epilepsy treatment, was used to treat TBI. The Morris water maze test, hematoxylin & eosin staining and Nissl staining were first conducted to confirm that VPA treatment had a therapeutic effect on mice after TBI. Western blotting, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence staining were then performed to reveal that VPA treatment reversed TBI‐induced blockade of autophagic flux, which was accompanied by a reduced inflammatory response. In addition, the variations in activation and phenotypic polarization of microglia were observed after VPA treatment. Nevertheless, the use of the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine partially abolished VPA‐induced neuroprotection and the regulation of microglial function after TBI, resulting in the deterioration of the central nervous system microenvironment and neurological function. Collectively, VPA treatment reversed the TBI‐induced blockade of autophagic flux in the mouse brain cortex, subsequently inhibiting brain cell apoptosis and affecting microglial function to achieve the promotion of functional recovery in mice after TBI.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14755.
The Market for Conflicted Advice
Authors: CHANG BRIANA , SZYDLOWSKI MARTIN 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWe present a model of the market for advice in which advisers have conflicts of interest and compete for heterogeneous customers through information provision. The competitive equilibrium features information dispersion and partial disclosure. Although conflicted fees lead to distorted information, they are irrelevant for customers' welfare: banning conflicted fees improves only the information quality, not customers' welfare. Instead, financial literacy education for the least informed customers can improve all customers' welfare because of a spillover effect. Furthermore, customers who trade through advisers realize lower average returns, which rationalizes empirical findings.
“CAD‐on” Interfaces – Fracture Mechanics Characterization
Authors: Walker Peter David , Ruse N. Dorin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo apply fracture mechanics methodology to determine the interfacial fracture toughness of the interfaces present in “CAD‐on” crowns consisting of CAD/CAM milled lithium disilicate veneers glass‐fused to CAD/CAM milled yttrium oxide stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal framework.Materials and MethodsThe notchless triangular prism specimen fracture toughness test was used to determine interfacial fracture toughness. Four groups, each consisting of (6 × 6 × 6 × 12) mm prisms (n = 22), were produced. Half‐size [(6 × 6 × 6 × 6) mm] specimens of IPS e.max CAD and IPS e.max ZirCAD were approximated under vibration with Crystal Connect fusing glass and sintered according to manufacturer's guidelines to obtain the following three interfaces: (1) e.max CAD/Crystal Connect/e.max CAD (Group I); (2) Zir CAD/Crystal Connect/Zir CAD (Group II); and (3) Zir CAD/Crystal Connect/e.max CAD (Group III). For Group IV (control, based on the “press‐on” veneering technique), half‐size [(6 × 6 × 6 × 6) mm] IPS e.max ZirCAD prisms were coated with ZirLiner and pressed with IPS e.max ZirPress ingots to obtain (6 × 6 × 6 × 12) mm prisms. All specimens were tested using a computer controlled material testing machine. Results were analyzed with one‐way ANOVA, Scheffé multiple means comparisons (α = 0.05) and Weibull statistics. All fractured surfaces were characterized with a light microscope. Selected fractured surfaces were characterized under a scanning electron microscope.ResultsAll experimental groups demonstrated a cohesive mode of failure in the fusing glass layer. The number and size of defects appeared to correlate with the variability of fracture toughness values. There were no significant differences between the fracture toughness of the “CAD‐on” interfaces (p = 0.052). The results suggested that the fracture toughness of Crystal Connect limited the interfacial fracture toughness values. The “CAD‐on” fracture toughness value (Group III) was significantly greater than that of the ZirPress “press‐on” control (Group IV) (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe “CAD‐on” process results in stronger bonding between veneer and framework, compared to conventional veneering. The clinical use of “CAD‐on” crowns could therefore be advocated. The selection of any restorative material requires a thorough analysis of advantages, limitations and results from clinical studies to inform the clinical decision in a case‐by‐case approach.
Ruin Probabilities And Capital Requirement for Open Automobile Portfolios With a Bonus‐Malus System Based on Claim Counts
Authors: Afonso Lourdes B. , Cardoso Rui M. R. , Egídio dos Reis Alfredo D. , Guerreiro Gracinda R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor a large motor insurance portfolio, on an open environment, we study the impact of experience rating in finite and continuous time ruin probabilities. We consider a model for calculating ruin probabilities applicable to large portfolios with a Markovian Bonus‐Malus System (BMS), based on claim counts, for an automobile portfolio using the classical risk framework model. New challenges are brought when an open portfolio scenario is introduced. When compared with a classical BMS approach ruin probabilities may change significantly. By using a BMS of a Portuguese insurer, we illustrate and discuss the impact of the proposed formulation on the initial surplus required to target a given ruin probability. Under an open portfolio setup, we show that we may have a significant impact on capital requirements when compared with the classical BMS, by having a significant reduction on the initial surplus needed to maintain a fixed level of the ruin probability.
Acoustic settings combination as a sensory crispness indicator of dry crispy food
Authors: Dias‐Faceto Liara S. , Salvador Ana , Conti‐Silva Ana C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCrispness is a critical attribute of quality for crispy products, which can be evaluated through both instrumental and sensory analyses. The aim of the study was to identify the best combination of settings of a device coupled to a texture analyzer for acoustic analysis in order to find strong correlations with the sensory texture. For that, nine commercial food products were submitted to force and acoustic (acoustic envelope detector) analyses, using two settings for acoustic data acquisition (gain 1 and gain 4), and two settings for acoustic data management (threshold 0.5 and 2.5). The products were also evaluated using texture descriptive sensory analysis. The gain changing from 1 to 4 (enhancing the test sensitivity) increased the number of acoustic peaks and reduced the sound pressure level. Changing the threshold from 0.5 to 2.5 (reducing the interference of background noise on the acquired data) reduced the number of acoustic peaks. The correlation between the instrumental and the sensory analysis showed gain 1 as the most adequate acoustic setting to obtain the acoustic parameters of products with different crispness intensities. Moreover, threshold 2.5 is the most appropriate for acoustic data collection. Therefore, sensory attributes and instrumental properties strong correlations indicate that texture analyzer in combination with the acoustic envelope detector is a good instrument to mimic human mastication and texture perception, through both force and sound stimuli. This study about dry crisp food may contribute to the literature and food industry, as well to future studies about wet crispy and crunchy foods.
A pseudo‐mastication sound presentation device to improve the texture of nursing care foods
Authors: Kaneko Hidekazu , Endo Hiroshi , Ino Shuichi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe texture of foods is affected by concurrent auditory sensations. To improve the texture of nursing care foods, we developed a pseudo‐mastication sound presentation device based on electromyogram (EMG) signals from the muscles of mastication. EMG signals have enabled us to promptly present care recipients with pseudo‐mastication sounds. However, actual mastication sounds vary in intensity and duration more than EMG signals. Here, we investigated changes in EMG signals and actual mastication sounds during the mastication of two food types (rice crackers and Japanese pickles) to improve our device. We found that the intensity and duration of mastication sounds decreased as the number of mastication strokes increased. Furthermore, the intensity and duration of mastication sounds and the latency between the onset of EMG signals and the onset of mastication sounds also varied by food type. For EMG signals, only the intensity varied by food type. Based on our findings, we modified our pseudo‐mastication sound presentation device to enable control of the intensity and duration of pseudo‐mastication sounds based on the number of mastication strokes and food type. Reproducing more natural pseudo‐mastication sounds can improve care recipients’ motivation for ingesting nursing care foods, thus preventing malnutrition and frailty.
Real‐world experiences with direct‐acting antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis C treatment
Authors: Daniel Kimberly E. , Saeian Kia , Rizvi Syed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) agents become more readily available for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, it is important to understand real‐world treatment experiences. In order to assess the effectiveness of DAA regimens and factors that influence sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in the Veterans Affairs healthcare system, we retrospectively identified veterans with chronic hepatitis C who were treated with DAAs from January 2014 to June 2015. We determined SVR rates and collected data on demographics, genotype (GT), previous interferon‐based treatment, antiviral regimens, and co‐morbidities (HIV, prior solid organ transplant, haemodialysis) for analysis. Of 15 720 veterans, the majority were infected with genotype 1a (GT1a, 60.5%). Excluding the special populations, the overall cohort SVR rate was 92%. Compared to treatment‐experienced patients, treatment‐naïve patients had significantly higher SVR rates (90% vs 92%, P = .006). Subgroups associated with lower likelihood of achieving SVR‐included African Americans (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69‐0.91), GT3 (OR 0.65, CI 0.50‐0.86), and cirrhosis (OR 0.91, CI 0.84‐0.99) or decompensated cirrhosis (ascites: OR 0.78, CI 0.67‐0.91, variceal bleed: OR 0.75, CI 0.57‐0.99). The only treatment regimen independently associated with lower SVR rates was SOF+RBV+IFN (OR 0.65, CI 0.50‐0.84). Special populations achieved high SVR rates: HIV 92%, haemodialysis 93%, liver transplant 96% and renal transplant 94%. In conclusion, overall SVR rates were comparable to those reported in clinical trials and carried over to historically more difficult‐to‐treat patients. Several patient‐ and treatment‐related factors were identified as independent predictors of treatment failure and suggest subgroups to target for efforts to improve therapeutic strategies.
SIGS vs HIGS: a study on the efficacy of two dsRNA delivery strategies to silence Fusarium FgCYP51 genes in infected host and non‐host plants
Authors: Koch Aline , Höfle Lisa , Werner Bernhard Timo , Imani Jafargholi , Schmidt Alexandra , Jelonek Lukas , Kogel Karl‐Heinz 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCYP3RNA, a double‐stranded (ds)RNA designed to concomitantly target the two sterol 14α‐demethylase genes FgCYP51A and FgCYP51B and the fungal virulence factor FgCYP51C, inhibits the growth of the ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum (Fg) in vitro and in planta. Here we compare two different methods (setups) of dsRNA delivery, viz. transgene expression (host‐induced gene silencing, HIGS) and spray application (spray‐induced gene silencing, SIGS), to assess the activity of CYP3RNA and novel dsRNA species designed to target one or two FgCYP51 genes. Using Arabidopsis and barley, we found that dsRNA designed to target two FgCYP51 genes inhibited fungal growth more efficiently than dsRNA targeting a single gene, although both dsRNA species reduced fungal infection. Either dsRNA delivery method reduced fungal growth stronger than anticipated from previous mutational knock‐out (KO) strategies, where single gene KO had no significant effect on fungal viability. Consistent with the strong inhibitory effects of the dsRNAs on fungal development in both setups, we detected to a large extent dsRNA‐mediated co‐silencing of respective non‐target FgCYP51 genes. Together, our data further support the valuation that dsRNA applications have an interesting potential for pesticide target validation and gene function studies, apart from their potential for crop protection.