bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentrations of health‐promoting phytochemicals in ripe mango fruit triggered by postharvest application of elicitors
Authors: Vithana Mekhala DK , Singh Zora , Johnson Stuart K , Gupta Ritu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMango fruit harvested at green mature stage were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), nitric oxide (NO), or salicylic acid (SA) to investigate their effects on phytochemical concentrations in ripe fruit.RESULTSFruit fumigated with MeJA showed the highest increase in the concentrations of gallic acid (33.0%), caffeic acid (80.0%), total phenols (38.4%), and total antioxidant capacity (20.9%) in the peel, and total carotenoids (48.7%) in the pulp, compared to control. The fruit dipped in SA showed the highest increase in the concentrations of lupeol (59.8%) and ferulic acid (73.2%) in the pulp and ferulic acid (67.4%) in the peel. Fruit fumigated with NO or MeJA showed the highest concentrations of lupeol in the peel (94.3%, 119.4%), and gallic acid (37.9%, 61.0%), total phenols (62.7%, 31.0%), and ascorbic acid (17.7%, 18.8%) in the pulp respectively. All the elicitor treatments were significantly effective in increasing concentrations of mangiferin and chlorogenic acid in the pulp and peel, vanillic acid in the peel, and total antioxidant capacity in the pulp.CONCLUSIONOverall, MeJA (10−5 to 10−4 mol L−1) was identified as the most effective elicitor for triggering phytochemical production during ripening of harvested mango fruit. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Irrigation‐induced salinity affects olive oil quality and health‐promoting properties
Authors: Tietel Zipora , Dag Arnon , Yermiyahu Uri , Zipori Isaac , Beiersdorf Ian , Krispin Shani , Ben‐Gal Alon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDOlive oil, a functional food, is increasingly produced from trees irrigated with water containing high concentrations of salts. We studied the effects of irrigation‐induced salinity on quality and health‐related compounds in olive oil. Trees (cv Barnea) were grown in lysimeters with continuous control and monitoring of root‐zone salinity. Salinity in the root zone was altered by changing irrigation solution salinity or by changing the extent of leaching. Extracted oil was analyzed for quality parameters including free fatty acid content, polyphenol, tocopherol, sterol and carotenoid levels, fatty acid (FA) profile, and antioxidative capacity.RESULTSWhile not all parameters changed, fruit water percentage and fruit oil content significantly decreased with increasing exposure to salt. As salinity increased, there was a desirable rise in measured polyphenol and tocopherol levels and a contrasting undesirable reduction in a number of important compounds, including 16:1 and 18:3 FA.CONCLUSIONThe possible negative effects on olive oil quality due to FA‐related parameters should concern producers dependent on, or considering, irrigation with high‐salinity water sources. A number of important quality parameters were differentially influenced by the method of inducing the root zone salinity, suggesting that additional environmental variables leading to oxidative responses were affected by the treatments. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Near‐Infrared Super‐Absorbing All‐Dielectric Metasurface Based on Single‐Layer Germanium Nanostructures
Authors: Tian Jingyi , Luo Hao , Li Qiang , Pei Xuelu , Du Kaikai , Qiu Min 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStrong near‐infrared absorption in ultrathin semiconductor layers is essential for increasing the speed and efficiency of photocarrier extraction in optoelectronic devices. However, the absorption of a free‐standing ultrathin film can never exceed 50% in principle. In this article, an all‐dielectric germanium metasurface absorber in the near‐infrared region (800–1600 nm) is proposed theoretically and experimentally. Near‐unity absorption can be achieved in such a subwavelength‐thin (≈0.13 λ0) layer of nanostructures based on the destructive interference between simultaneously excited electric and magnetic dipoles inside each element in the backward direction in combination with the destructive interference between the scattered field and the incident field in the forward direction. Its response is both polarization‐independent and angle‐insensitive, with over 80% absorption at an incident angle up to 28°. This ultrathin and flexible design paves the way for realizing next generation optoelectronic devices aimed for high‐speed photon detection and energy harvesting.
Coumarin‐Caged Polyphosphazenes with a Visible‐Light Driven On‐Demand Degradation
Authors: Iturmendi Aitziber , Theis Sabrina , Maderegger Dominik , Monkowius Uwe , Teasdale Ian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPolymers that, upon photochemical activation with visible light, undergo rapid degradation to small molecules are described. Through functionalization of a polyphosphazene backbone with pendant coumarin groups sensitive to light, polymers which are stable in the dark could be prepared. Upon irradiation, cleavage of the coumarin moieties exposes carboxylic acid moieties along the polymer backbone. The subsequent macromolecular photoacid is found to catalyze the rapid hydrolytic degradation of the polyphosphazene backbone. Water‐soluble and non‐water‐soluble polymers are reported, which due to their sensitivity toward light in the visible region could be significant as photocleavable materials in biological applications.
Abundance, rather than composition, of methane‐cycling microbes mainly affects methane emissions from different vegetation soils in the Zoige alpine wetland
Authors: Zhang Yanfen , Cui Mengmeng , Duan Jingbo , Zhuang Xuliang , Zhuang Guoqiang , Ma Anzhou 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMethane fluxes, which are controlled by methanogens and methanotrophs, vary among wetland vegetation species. In this study, we investigated belowground methanogens and methanotrophs in two soils under two different dominant vegetation species with different methane fluxes in the Zoige wetland, which was slightly but significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in soils covered by Carex muliensis than that in soils covered by Eleocharis valleculosa. Real‐time quantitative PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing methods were used to elucidate the microbial communities based on the key genes involved in methane production and oxidation. The absolute abundances of methanogens and methanotrophs of samples from C. muliensis were 1.80 ± 0.07 × 106 and 4.03 ± 0.28 × 106 copies g‐soil−1, respectively, and which from E. valleculosa were 3.99 ± 0.19 × 105 and 2.53 ± 0.22 × 106 copies g‐soil−1 , respectively. The t‐test result showed that both the abundance of methanogens and methanotrophs from C. muliensis were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than that of samples from E. valleculosa. However, the diversities and compositions of both methanogens and methanotrophs showed no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) between vegetation species. The path analysis showed that the microbial abundance had a greater effect than the microbial diversity on methane production potentials and the regression analysis also showed that the methane emissions significantly (p ≤ 0.05) varied with the abundance of methane‐cycling microbes. These findings imply that abundance rather than diversity and composition of a methane‐cycling microbial community is the major contributor to the variations in methane emissions between vegetation types in the Zoige wetland.
A finite‐strain gradient‐inelastic beam theory and a corresponding force‐based frame element formulation
Authors: Salehi Mohammad , Sideris Petros 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper extends the gradient‐inelastic (GI) beam theory, introduced by the authors to simulate material softening phenomena, to further account for geometric nonlinearities and formulates a corresponding force‐based (FB) frame element computational formulation. Geometric nonlinearities are considered via a rigorously derived finite‐strain beam formulation, which is shown to coincide with Reissner's geometrically nonlinear beam formulation. The resulting finite‐strain GI beam theory: (i) accounts for large strains and rotations, unlike the majority of geometrically nonlinear beam formulations used in structural modeling that consider small strains and moderate rotations; (ii) ensures spatial continuity and boundedness of the finite section strain field during material softening via the gradient nonlocality relations, eliminating strain singularities in beams with softening materials; and (iii) decouples the gradient nonlocality relations from the constitutive relations, allowing use of any material model. On the basis of the proposed finite‐strain GI beam theory, an exact FB frame element formulation is derived, which is particularly novel in that it: (a) expresses the compatibility relations in terms of total strains/displacements, as opposed to strain/displacement rates that introduce accumulated computational error during their numerical time integration, and (b) directly integrates the strain‐displacement equations via a composite two‐point integration method derived from a cubic Hermite interpolating polynomial to calculate the displacement field over the element length and, thus, address the coupling between equilibrium and strain‐displacement equations. This approach achieves high accuracy and mesh convergence rate and avoids polynomial interpolations of individual section fields, which often lead to instabilities with mesh refinements. The FB formulation is then integrated into a corotational framework and is used to study the response of structures, simultaneously accounting for geometric nonlinearities and material softening. The FB formulation is further extended to capture member buckling triggered by minor perturbations/imperfections of the initial member geometry.
Optimized sampling design and rationale for verification and validation
Authors: Cheng S. , Kupfer K. , Dixon M. , Shammas S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn optimized sampling design that meets customer, design, or process requirements, while balancing technology limitations, is still a common challenge to engineering communities. This is especially true in the medical device industry. Acceptance sampling plans for manufacturing are widely available, but the appropriate sampling plans for verification and validation (V&V) are less well known. This paper applies established statistical theory to derive sampling plans appropriate for estimating product reliability during V&V, where reliability must exceed an established threshold with an appropriate margin of statistical confidence. The paper provides insight on how to estimate parameters of interest and interpret acceptance criteria. Operating characteristic curves are used to examine if a design or process is capable of producing future product that meets design specifications and/or customer requirements in terms of confidence and reliability. The methodology is applied to both attribute and variable sampling plans, including examples showing how to achieve a high probability of passing the acceptance criteria. Formulas, sample size tables, and operating characteristic curves are provided for engineering practitioners to use. The paper aims at providing a practical quantitative approach and a valid statistical rationale to assess overall product quality during V&V.
Arm's‐length or give‐and‐take? Gender differences in the relational orientation of new ventures in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Uzuegbunam Anthonia O. , Uzuegbunam Ikenna 
Published: July 2018

Research SummaryWomen entrepreneurs in emerging economies face significant constraints in operating their businesses. Leveraging two samples of new ventures in Nigeria and Ghana, we explore gender differences in the relational orientation of entrepreneurs in their market interactions with customers. We observe that female entrepreneurs are more likely than their male counterparts to apply a relational approach in the receipt of payments for goods and services and in the structure of purchase contracts. These stylized findings are considered against the backdrop of existing literature and offer insight into the ways women entrepreneurs approach transactions with customers, especially in the context of emerging market ventures in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Managerial SummaryWomen entrepreneurs in emerging economies are confronted by significant resource challenges. But women entrepreneurs could also have an advantage in customer relationships. Our study uncovers two types of relational mechanisms that women entrepreneurs in emerging economies utilize in their engagement with customers. First, we find that female entrepreneurs are more likely than their male counterparts to utilize relational payments, in the form of prepayments or post payments from their customers. Second, female entrepreneurs are more likely to utilize relational contracts, in the form of unwitnessed oral purchase contracts with customers. Our study highlights the virtue of incorporating relational mechanisms in policies and practices aimed at fostering female entrepreneurship in emerging economies.
Binding Assessment of Monosaccharide–Boronic Acid Complexes via Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kurogochi Masaki , Mizuno Mamoru , Matsuda Akio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBenzoxaborole and arylboronic acids bind to monosaccharides in water to form reversible boronic esters with multiple hydroxyl groups. When benzoxaborole binds with a diol or an arylboronic acid binds with a triol on a monosaccharide, a tetrahedral boron anion is formed at the boron atom. These boron anions can be detected as negative ions in mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, and profiling their fragment anions provides information on the stereo‐ and regiochemical configurations of the hydroxyl groups on the monosaccharides. Borate fragment anions derived from both benzoxaborole and arylboronic acids show differential connections with hydroxyl groups, which reflect the steric structure of the monosaccharide. As the result, we could distinguish monosaccharides by using the differences in the binding abilities of monosaccharide‐boronic acid complexes by means of mass spectrometric analysis.
Tuning the Crystal Phase and Morphology of the Photoluminescent Indium Sulphide Nanocrystals and Their Adsorption‐Based Catalytic and Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Sharma Rahul Kumar , Chouryal Yogendra Nath , Nigam Sandeep , Saravanakumar Jeganathan , Barik Sunita , Ghosh Pushpal 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhase pure quantum confined In2S3 nanocrystals with high catalytic/photocatalytic efficiency are accessible solvothermally using task specific ionic liquid (IL) as structure directing agent and thiourea as sulphur source. Selective tuning of the shape, morphology and most importantly purity of the nanomaterials are controlled by changing the reaction time, IL and specially sulphur concentration. For instances, at 150oC, when IL is used cubic phase is obtained; however in absence of IL, tetragonal phase with bigger crystallite size appears. In most of the cases In(OH)3 is coming as an impurity; however pure In2S3 with highest catalytic efficiency and band gap of 2.23 eV is achieved when 18 times sulphur concentration is used keeping other reaction parameters same. Photoluminescence emission spectra show that quantum confined pure In2S3 nanoparticles are blue emitting material. Furthermore, pure In2S3 nanoparticles are used for degradation of both cationic [crystal violet, methylene blue, rhodamine B] and anionic organic dyes [methyl orange]. Rate and overall catalytic efficiency are found highest for crystal violet (91%) followed by methylene blue (77%), rhodamine B (44.7%) and least for methyl orange (15.29%). Analysis reveals that along with electrostatic interaction, molecular structures of dye molecules have also significant impact on adsorption capacity which finally governs the catalytic (even in the dark) and photocatalytic efficiency of nanocrystals.
N,O‐Codoped Hierarchically Porous Carbons Derived from Squid Pen for High‐Capacity Supercapacitors
Authors: Yin Jie , Fan Yueyue , Wu Jihuai , Xie Yiming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFabrication of multi‐heteroatom doped hierarchically porous carbon with a facile and environment procedure has been well investigated for supercapacitor industry. We put forward a time‐saving and environmentally friendly method for the manufacture of N,O‐codoped carbons by using direct carbonization of biomass squid pens. Under our facile procedure, the raw carbon materials have been transformed into hierarchical porous carbons, combined with high specific area surface (2540 cm2⋅g−1), micro/meso/macropore inside, and rich N (1.01‐7.44%) and O (17.00‐18.88%) content. It is a completely novel and green avenue for constructing hierarchical porous carbon materials from biomass, showing large commercial potential. Supercapacitors made from the resulting material possess very high specific capacitance (the highest up to 581 F⋅g−1), twice as much as commercial activated carbon (100‐250 F⋅g−1). In particular, it retains 336.6 F⋅g−1 of specific capacitance at a high current density of 10 A⋅g−1, which is a promising material for devices that require operation at high current densities. In addition, it also has a high cyclic stability (maintaining 90% capacitance after 10,000 cycle) and lower impedance. We believe that the hierarchically porous N,O‐codoped carbons derived from squid pens could be an ideal candidate for the energy storage and conversion devices.
Catalyst‐Free Selective Aza‐Michael Addition of 3‐Aminopyrazole to Nitroalkenes
Authors: Li Zheng , Song Wenli 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCatalyst‐free N1 selective aza‐Michael addition of 3‐aminopyrazole to nitroalkenes is described. A series of 1‐(2‐nitro‐1‐arylethyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐amines were efficiently synthesized. The protocol has advantages of wide range of nitroalkene substrates, no catalyst, additives and bases, mild condition, high yield, and high selectivity. The method can also extend to gram scale.
Identification of a New Siderophore Acinetoamonabactin Produced by a Salt‐Tolerant Bacterium Acinetobacter Soli
Authors: Mudhulkar Raju , Rajapitamahuni Soundarya , Srivastava Sakshi , Bharadwaj Satyavolu V. Vamsi , Boricha Vinod P. , Mishra Sandhya , Chatterjee Pabitra B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA halotolerant bacterium Acinetobacter soli (MTCC 5918), isolated from the salt farm of our institute, was found to secrete a novel siderophore under iron deprivation conditions. A combination of multinuclear one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopies in conjunction with mass technique revealed that the siderophore, we named acinetoamonabactin (1), is a triscatechol derivative of tris(aminomethyl)methylamine.
Sulfated β‐Cyclodextrin Templated Assembly and Disassembly of Acridine Orange: Unraveling Contrasting Binding Mechanisms and Light Off/On Switching
Authors: Sayed Mhejabeen , Panjwani Shirin , Pal Haridas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPresent article reports the intriguing aggregation‐deaggregation behavior of acridine orange (AOH+), as induced by the water soluble macrocyclic host, sulfated β‐cyclodextrin (SCD), and the results are compared with those obtained earlier in the presence of sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin (SBEβCD) host. While monomeric form of AOH+ is widely investigated, the aggregation behavior of AOH+ still remains to be quite less explored, though dye aggregation has a great consequence for its uses as a fluorescence probe for various biological and other microheterogeneous systems. It is observed that aggregation/dimerization of AOH+ is highly assisted by SCD at lower host concentration, resulting a drastic fluorescence quenching for AOH+. In contrast, at higher SCD concentrations the host drives the initially formed AOH+ aggregates/dimers to convert into the monomeric AOH+‐SCD exo and inclusion complexes, ensuing a huge enhancement for AOH+ fluorescence. Though similar host assisted sequential fluorescence turn‐off and turn‐on for AOH+ was also observed earlier on using SBEβCD host (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2017, 19, 24166), in the present case the effect is exceptionally very large, suggesting the SCD to be a very efficient host to induce such a fluorescence Off‐On switching for the cationic dye AOH+, as explored elaborately in the present study following various photochemical and other complementary measurements.
Development of Synergistic, Dual Pd‐Cu@rGO Catalyst for Suzuki, Heck and Click Reactions: Facile Synthesis of Triazole or Tetrazole Containing Biaryls and Stilbenes
Authors: Gupta Ajay , Jamatia Ramen , Dam Binoyargha , Pal Amarta K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA dual synergistic Pd−Cu@rGO catalyst was synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques. From powder X‐ray diffraction, Raman, FT‐IR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis it was evident that graphite oxide was reduced during decoration with metal nanoparticles on its surface. The percentages of Cu and Pd in the catalyst was also evident from inductive coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy analysis. After the preparation and characterization of the catalyst, it was employed in Suzuki and Heck reactions. It was also established that the catalyst was efficient in tetrazole and triazoles synthesis (Click reaction). Further, the present catalyst was effective in furnishing the biaryls/stilbenes and tetrazoles/triazoles skeletons in the same organic compound via step wise reactions. The catalyst also showed good catalytic activity in gram scale reaction. The catalyst could be recycled and reused up to seven consecutive runs without not much loss in its catalytic activity. It was evident from TEM, SEM, EDX and FT‐IR analysis that the general morphology and characteristic of reused Pd−Cu@rGO remained almost unchanged.
Design of Cone‐Shaped Hole Transporting Material Organic Structures for Perovskite Solar Cells Applications
Authors: Sivanadanam Jagadeeswari , Mandal Sudip , Aidhen Indrapal Singh , Ramanujam Kothandaraman 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study reports design and synthesis of cone shaped hole transporting materials (HTM, i. e., H1 and H2). They are based on triphenylamine (TPA) and phenothiazine donors attached with two TPA moiety via electron rich π‐spacer (phenyl acrylonitrile). π‐spacers are proven to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in the literature. Due to the electron withdrawing nature of the π‐spacer and the extended conjugation present in the HTMs proposed, a gradient for charge flow within the molecule is expected. This property is essential to transfer the electron from the HOMO of HTMs to the valence band of the perovskite via the arms of the HTMs. These HTMs do not show strong absorption in the visible region, exhibit high stokes shift and have their HOMO positioned above the perovskite's valence band. HTM layer of the PSCs were fabricated by a solution process method, at ambient conditions. A PCE of ∼1.9% at 1 sun condition was obtained, while under similar conditions the standard HTM (S‐OMeTAD) exhibited a PCE of 1.3%.