bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritability of glomerulonephritis: A Swedish adoption study
Authors: Akrawi Delshad Saleh , Zöller Bengt , Fjellstedt Erik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , PirouziFard MirNabi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlomerulonephritis clusters in families. However, infections are common inducers of glomerulonephritis and may also cluster in families. Studies of adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents may disentangle genetic from environmental causes of familial clustering. This is the first adoption study aimed to estimate the genetic contribution to the familial transmission of glomerulonephritis.Materials and methodsWe performed a family study for Swedish‐born adoptees (born 1945–2000) and their biological and adoptive parents. The Swedish Multi‐Generation Register was linked to the Hospital Inpatient Register for the period 1964–2012 and the Hospital Outpatient Register for 2001–2012. Odds ratio (OR) for glomerulonephritis was determined for adoptees with a biological parent with glomerulonephritis compared with adoptees without an affected biological parent. Similarly, the OR for glomerulonephritis was also determined in adoptees with an affected adoptive parent compared with adoptees without an affected adoptive parent. Heritability was estimated to be twice the observed tetrachoric correlation among adoptees and biological parents, under the assumption that only additive genetic factors contribute to the similarity between biological parents and adoptees.ResultsThe OR for glomerulonephritis was 4.08 in adoptees (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79‐9.27,P‐value = 0.001) of biological parents diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. The OR for glomerulonephritis was 1.67 in adoptees (95% CI 0.53‐5.26,P‐value = 0.380) of adoptive parents diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. The heritability was 48%.ConclusionFamily history of glomerulonephritis in a biological parent is a risk factor for glomerulonephritis. The present study indicates that genetic factors play an important role in the aetiology of glomerulonephritis.
Course of platelet miRNAs after cessation of P2Y12 antagonists
Authors: Jäger Bernhard , Stojkovic Stefan , Haller Paul M. , Piackova Edith , Kahl Beatrice S. , Andric Tijana , Vargas Kris G. , Wojta Johann , Huber Kurt 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundCirculating platelet micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) may be used to monitor platelet function during dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Aim of the study was to measure plasma levels of specific miRNAs (miRNA‐223, ‐150, ‐21 and ‐126) after physician‐driven cessation of chronic P2Y12 inhibition and to study differences in the expression levels of these miRNAs between the different oral P2Y12 inhibitors clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor, respectively.DesignPatients with coronary artery disease (CAD) on DAPT maintenance dose (including aspirin 100 mg OD, plus clopidogrel 75 mg OD, or prasugrel 10 mg OD, or ticagrelor 90 mg BID) were prospectively enrolled before cessation of the P2Y12‐inhibitor therapy. MiRNA‐223, ‐150, ‐21 and ‐126 were determined at baseline (=last day of P2Y12‐inhibitor intake) and 10, 30 and 180 days thereafter.ResultsCessation of P2Y12‐inhibitor therapy did not significantly change miRNA levels. However, in ticagrelor‐treated patients, miRNA levels were significantly increased at baseline (miRNA‐223 and ‐21), day 10 (miRNA‐223, ‐150, ‐21, ‐126) and day 30 (miRNA‐223, ‐150, ‐21, ‐126) as compared to prasugrel, and at day 10 (miRNA‐150 and ‐21) and day 30 (miRNA‐150) as compared to clopidogrel (all P < 0.05). At day 180, only miRNA‐126 levels differed significantly with respect to the P2Y12 inhibitor used (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders, choice of P2Y12‐inhibitor was the strongest predictor of miRNA levels (P < 0.001), while cessation of P2Y12‐inhibitor therapy did not significantly impact miRNA levels.ConclusionIn patients with CAD, ticagrelor intake is associated with increased levels of platelet miRNAs as compared to clopidogrel and prasugrel. Platelet miRNAs are not useful to monitor platelet function after cessation of P2Y12 inhibitors.
Evolutionary response to coexistence with close relatives: increased resistance against specialist herbivores without cost for climatic‐stress resistance
Authors: Pihain Mickael , Gerhold Pille , Ducousso Alexis , Prinzing Andreas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhy can hosts coexist with conspecifics or phylogenetically proximate neighbours despite sharing specialist enemies? Do the hosts evolve increased enemy resistance? If so, does this have costs in terms of climatic‐stress resistance, or in such neighbourhoods, does climatic‐stress select for resistances that are multifunctional against climate and enemies? We studied oak (Quercus petraea) descendants from provenances of contrasting phylogenetic neighbourhoods and climates in a 25‐year‐old common garden. We found that descendants from conspecific or phylogenetically proximate neighbourhoods had the toughest leaves and fewest leaf miners, but no reduction in climatic‐stress resistance. Descendants from such neighbourhoods under cold or dry climates had the highest flavonol and anthocyanin levels and the thickest leaves. Overall, populations facing phylogenetically proximate neighbours can rapidly evolve herbivore resistance, without cost to climatic‐stress resistance, but possibly facilitating resistance against cold and drought via multifunctional traits. Microevolution might hence facilitate ecological coexistence of close relatives and thereby macroevolutionary conservatism of niches.
Digital Module 05: Diagnostic Measurement—The G‐DINA Framework https://ncme.elevate.commpartners.com
Authors: Ma Wenchao , de la Torre Jimmy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this ITEMS module, we introduce the generalized deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate (G‐DINA) model, which is a general framework for specifying, estimating, and evaluating a wide variety of cognitive diagnosis models. The module contains a nontechnical introduction to diagnostic measurement, an introductory overview of the G‐DINA model, as well as common special cases, and a review of model‐data fit evaluation practices within this framework. We use the flexible GDINA R package, which is available for free within the R environment and provides a user‐friendly graphical interface in addition to the code‐driven layer. The digital module also contains videos of worked examples, solutions to data activity questions, curated resources, a glossary, and quizzes with diagnostic feedback.
Inflammatory skin is associated with changes in the skin microbiota composition on the back of severe acne patients
Authors: Dagnelie Marie‐Ange , Montassier Emmanuel , Khammari Amir , Mounier Carine , Corvec Stéphane , Dréno Brigitte 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAcne is the most common inflammatory skin disease, affecting up to 85% of the 11‐30 years old world population. Skin microbiota appears as a key player involved in several skin dermatoses physiopathology. Here, we show that inflammatory skin is associated with changes in the skin microbiota composition on the back of severe acne patients but also on the face of patients where acne was scored as mild to moderate, comparing with healthy controls. Changes were observed particularly on skin commensals Propionibacteriaceae, Staphylococcaceae and Enterococcaceae families, suggesting the importance of the balance between skin commensals to maintain skin homeostasis and control skin inflammatory process.
‘Box‐Profile’ Ion Implants as Geochemical Reference Materials for Electron Probe Microanalysis and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wu Haosheng , Böttger Roman , Couffignal Frédéric , Gutzmer Jens , Krause Joachim , Munnik Frans , Renno Axel D. , Hübner René , Wiedenbeck Michael , Ziegenrücker René 
Published: June 2019

Although electron probe microanalysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry are widely used analytical techniques for geochemical and mineralogical applications, metrologically rigorous quantification remains a major challenge for these methods. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in particular is a matrix‐sensitive method, and the use of matrix‐matched reference materials (RMs) is essential to avoid significant analytical bias. A major problem is that the number of available RMs for SIMS is extremely small compared with the needs of analysts. One approach for the production of matrix‐specific RMs is the use of high‐energy ion implantation that introduces a known amount of a selected isotope into a material. We chose the more elaborate way of implanting a so‐called ‘box‐profile’ to generate a quasi‐homogeneous concentration of the implanted isotope in three dimensions, which allows RMs not only to be used for ion beam analysis but also makes them suitable for EPMA. For proof of concept, we used the thoroughly studied mineralogically and chemically ‘simple’ SiO2 system. We implanted either 47Ti or 48Ti into synthetic, ultra‐high‐purity silica glass. Several ‘box‐profiles’ with mass fractions between 10 and 1000 μg g−1 Ti and maximum depths of homogeneous Ti distribution between 200 nm and 3 μm were produced at the Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research of Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf. Multiple implantation steps using varying ion energies and ion doses were simulated with Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) software, optimising for the target concentrations, implantation depths and technical limits of the implanter. We characterised several implant test samples having different concentrations and maximum implantation depths by means of SIMS and other analytical techniques. The results show that the implant samples are suitable for use as reference materials for SIMS measurements. The multi‐energy ion implantation technique also appears to be a promising procedure for the production of EPMA‐suitable reference materials.
The transnational lives and third space subjectivities of British Nigerian girls
Authors: KEA PAMELA JENNIFER 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDrawing on ethnographic research conducted in 2012 on British Nigerian young women who have gone to boarding school in Nigeria and returned to attend university in the UK, I use the concept of third space as a heuristic device for understanding their transnational subjectivities and practices. I argue that, for some, this third space is a transgressive one in which they can craft alternative subjectivities and narratives about African culture and political economy. Applying insights from decolonial theory, I seek to build on the transgressive nature of this third space. In positioning themselves variously as Londoners, Nigerians, dual and post‐nationals, they express key features of contemporary transnational European subjectivities. Yet, parental expectations that they marry Nigerians and members of the Nigerian diaspora serve to reproduce the racial distinctions and nationalist rhetoric of colonial modernity that their third space subjectivities contest.
Optimal timing of influenza vaccine during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cuningham Will , Geard Nicholas , Fielding James E. , Braat Sabine , Madhi Shabir A. , Nunes Marta C. , Christian Lisa M. , Lin Shin‐Yu , Lee Chien‐Nan , Yamaguchi Koushi , Bisgaard Hans , Chawes Bo , Chao An‐Shine , Blanchard‐Rohner Geraldine , Schlaudecker Elizabeth P. , Fisher Barbra M. , McVernon Jodie , Moss Robert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPregnant women have an elevated risk of illness and hospitalisation from influenza. Pregnant women are recommended to be prioritised for influenza vaccination during any stage of pregnancy. The risk of seasonal influenza varies substantially throughout the year in temperate climates; however, there is limited knowledge of how vaccination timing during pregnancy impacts the benefits received by the mother and foetus.ObjectivesTo compare antenatal vaccination timing with regard to influenza vaccine immunogenicity during pregnancy and transplacental transfer to their newborns.MethodsStudies were eligible for inclusion if immunogenicity to influenza vaccine was evaluated in women stratified by trimester of pregnancy. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres, stratified by trimester of vaccination, had to be measured at either pre‐vaccination and within one month post‐vaccination, post‐vaccination and at delivery in the mother, or in cord/newborn blood. Authors searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE databases from inception until June 2016 and authors of identified studies were contacted for additional data. Extracted data were tabulated and summarised via random‐effect meta‐analyses and qualitative methods.ResultsSixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta‐analyses found that compared with women vaccinated in an earlier trimester, those vaccinated in a later trimester had a greater fold increase in HI titres (1.33‐ to 1.96‐fold) and higher HI titres in cord/newborn blood (1.21‐ to 1.64‐fold).ConclusionsThis review provides comparative analysis of the effect of vaccination timing on maternal immunogenicity and protection of the infant that is informative and relevant to current vaccine scheduling for pregnant women.
Reactivity of industrial wastes as measured through ICP‐OES: A case study on siliceous Indian biomass ash
Authors: Uvegi Hugo , Chaunsali Piyush , Traynor Brian , Olivetti Elsa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn untapped source of amorphous SiO2, industrially generated Indian biomass ash (SA)—90% amorphous, with composition of ~60% SiO2 and ~20% unburnt carbon—can be used to produce cementitious and alkali‐activated binders. This study reports dissolution of amorphous Si from SA in 0.5 mol/L and 1 mol/L aqueous NaOH, with and without added Ca(OH)2, at SA:Ca(OH)2 wt% ratios of 100:0, 87.5:12.5, and 82.5:17.5. Monitoring of elemental dissolution and subsequent/simultaneous product uptake by ICP‐OES offers an effective process for evaluating utility of industrial wastes in binder‐based systems. After 28 days in solution, up to 68% of total Si is dissolved from SA in 1 mol/L NaOH, with values as much as 38% lower in the presence of Ca(OH)2, due to the formation of tobermorite‐like C‐S‐H. FTIR, 29Si MAS‐NMR, and XRD are used to characterize solid reaction products and observe reaction progress. Product chemistries calculated from ICP‐OES results and verified by selective dissolution in EDTA/NaOH—namely, Ca/Si of 0.6‐1 and Na adsorption of 1‐2 mmol/g—are found to be consistent with those indicated by aforementioned techniques. This indicates the efficacy of ICP‐OES in estimating product chemistry via such a methodology.
Niche models do not predict experimental demography but both suggest dispersal limitation across the northern range limit of the scarlet monkeyflower (Erythranthe cardinalis)
Authors: Bayly Matthew J. , Angert Amy L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimGeographical ranges largely reflect the projection of species’ environmental niches onto the landscape, but dispersal limitation can cause ranges to fall short of niche limits. Understanding the prevalence of niche and dispersal limitation is a fundamental problem in ecology and biogeography, and it is relevant in predicting climate‐driven range shifts. Dispersal limitation could also cause widely used ecological niche models (ENM), which relate records of occurrence to environmental predictors, to underestimate properties of the ecological niche. Using a combination of experimental transplants and ENM, we tested for (a) dispersal and niche limitation across a species’ range boundary and (b) associations between ENM predictions and population performance.LocationOregon, USA.TaxonScarlet monkeyflower (Erythranthe cardinalis).MethodsWe created experimental populations within and beyond the northern range edge and used integral projection models (IPM) to infer potential population growth trajectories. We also built two classes of ecological niche models (ENM), one using climatic predictors and the other using fine‐scale stream habitat variables, to estimate habitat suitability across the northern range edge. Finally, we tested whether higher ENM suitability scores predict greater demographic performance.ResultsConsistent with dispersal limitation, experimental populations beyond the range were projected to persist or spread in three of four sites (compared to two of four sites within the range) and stream habitat ENM projected abundant suitable stream microhabitat within the species’ thermal envelope beyond the range edge. In contrast, climatic ENM suggested decreasing habitat suitability and availability at the northern range edge. Unexpectedly, higher climatic ENM scores were associated with negative population growth rates, while higher stream habitat ENM scores were unrelated to population growth.Main conclusionsThe northern range edge falls short of the species niche limit and is instead limited by dispersal into suitable habitat. Dispersal limitation caused correlative niche models to underestimate the climatic niche and to poorly predict demographic performance in a short‐term field study. These results highlight key challenges to applying predictions from correlative ENM to understanding range and niche limits.
Long‐term outcomes after prophylactic ICD and CRT‐D implantation in nonischemic patients: Analysis from a nationwide database of daily remote‐monitoring transmissions
Authors: Forleo Giovanni B. , Solimene Francesco , Pisanò Ennio C. , Zanotto Gabriele , Calvi Valeria , Pignalberi Carlo , Maglia Giampiero , Iacopino Saverio , Quartieri Fabio , Biffi Mauro , Caravati Fabrizio , Curnis Antonio , Capucci Alessandro , Senatore Gaetano , Santamaria Matteo , Della Bella Paolo , Manzo Michele , Giacopelli Daniele , Gargaro Alessio , D'Onofrio Antonio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Clinical trials did not provide conclusive evidence concerning the benefit of prophylactic implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) in patients with severe nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). We aimed to compare incidence of appropriate sustained ventricular arrhythmia (SVA) and device therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) vs NICM ICD and/or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT‐D) patients.Methods and Results: We analyzed remote‐monitoring data from devices of the Home Monitoring Expert Alliance network. SVA recordings were adjudicated by three independent electrophysiologists. Our cohort included 1,946 patients who received either an ICD (55%) or a CRT‐D (45%) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Median (interquartile range) age was 70 (62‐77) years, 81% were male, and 52% were in the ICM group. Patients were remotely monitored for a maximum follow‐up of 5 years. The 5‐year product‐limit estimate of SVA incidence in patients with an ICD was 47.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 41.0%‐53.9%) in the ICM group and 44.7% (36.9%‐53.3%) in the NICM group. In patients with a CRT‐D, SVA incidence was 45.7% (37.3%‐55.0%) in ICM patients and 49.2% (40.4%‐58.7%) in NICM patients. The adjusted hazard ratio for SVA in the ICM vs NICM group was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.70‐1.30, P = .77) in ICD patients and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.61‐1.18, P = .34) in CRT‐D patients. SVAs triggered appropriate device therapies with similar incidence in all groups.Conclusion: In a large cohort of remotely monitored ICD and CRT‐D recipients, SVA incidence did not significantly differ in ICM and NICM patients.
The Re‐Emergence of Partisan Effects on Social Spending after the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: McManus Ian P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article analysed the effects of the global financial crisis on the political dynamics that shape social spending in Europe. It used panel data for 28 OECD countries during the pre‐crisis (1990–2007) and post‐crisis (2008–13) periods to test the extent to which social spending was affected by EU and domestic variables. Notable differences were found in the influence of EU membership on social spending before and after the crisis as well as an increase in political partisan effects on social expenditure post‐crisis. Additional data of party manifestos for 42 national elections across 26 EU member states during the crisis (2008–13) confirm the emergence of left–right party divisions over social welfare. This finding is significant as partisan effects were absent in the decades preceding the crisis. These results suggest a significant shift has taken place in European social spending in the wake of the Great Recession.
Artificial neural network modeling and genetic algorithm optimization of process parameters in fluidized bed drying of green tea leaves
Authors: Kalathingal Muhammed Sirajul Huda , Basak Suradeep , Mitra Jayeeta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present study involved integration of artificial neural network (ANN) with genetic algorithm (GA) for predicting the optimized process parameters required for fluidized bed drying of green tea leaves. It had a layer each for input and output with linear activation function and two hidden layers with a sigmoid function. The feed forward back propagation method was used to train the developed model. The input parameters used by ANN for generalizing the drying process were temperature (50–80°C) and air flow velocity (7–9.5 m/s), and the output parameters were drying time, total color difference (TCD), and total phenolic content (TPC). The weights and bias values of trained ANN were used by GA to estimate the fitness function, which maximizes the TPC and minimizes the drying time and TCD. The optimum process condition of independent variables (80°C and 9 m/s) obtained from the hybrid ANN/GA was validated, and agreeable relationship between actual and predicted values with relative standard deviation (SD) of 5.7, 0.46, and 0.22 was found for drying time, TCD and TPC of dried leaves, respectively. Hence, under this optimal drying condition, best quality green tea can be obtained within the limits defined.Practical applicationsDrying is a popular unit operation being preferred to prolong shelf life of cash crops. Air drying is predominantly used at any given scale due to its economic feasibility. However, the quality parameters get compromised during the process of drying. Hence, an optimal drying condition is necessary to have dried product with intact nutritional and functional activity, alongside consumer acceptability. This was attempted using ANN and GA. Artificial neural network and genetic algorithm can estimate the optimum fluidized bed drying condition to have intact physical and chemical properties of green tea leaves. The results indicated that the developed ANN/GA drying model can efficiently estimate the values of quality parameters of dried green tea leaves, and also identify the optimal drying conditions for any new data.