bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mehmet Alıcı, Işığın Elçisi Mani ve Gnostik Düşüncesi
Authors: TOPRAK Bilal 
Published: June 2018

İnsanın
kurtuluşunu hedefleyen dinlerin temel öğretilerini belirleyen etmenlerin
başında insanın madde ile olan ilişkisine yönelik konular gelmektedir. Kimi
dini gelenekler insanı bir bütün olarak ele alırken, kimileri de maddeyi
teolojik ve ontolojik açıdan kötü olarak değerlendirir. Dinin dünyaya bakışını
belirleyen, insan ve çevre ilişkilerine yön veren bu etkinin doğru
anlaşılabilmesi için gnostik geleneklerin insan algısı büyük önem arz
etmektedir. Düalist bir bakış açısına sahip olan gnostik düşünceye göre, madde
ve maddeden kaynaklanan her şey kötüdür. Maddeye karşı geliştirilen bu radikal
tavrın sonucu olarak, Tanrı’nın kötü olan hiçbir şeyi yaratmayacağı düşüncesi
hâkimdir. Kötü bir yer olan dünyada, dünyevi işler aracılığıyla kurtuluşa ermek
mümkün değildir. Buna göre gerçek kurtuluş ancak hakikatin bilgisine yani gnosise
sahip olmakla mümkün olabilir. Birçok dini cemaat sayesinde varlığını sürdüren
gnostisizm, özellikle Sabiilik ve Maniheizm sayesinde müstakil bir yapıya
bürünür. Bu bağlamda kendisini Budda, Zerdüşt ve İsa Mesih’in müjdelediği
kurtarıcı olarak tanıtan Mani’nin gnostik yaşam öyküsü ve düşüncesi
Ortadoğu’daki dini grupları anlamak noktasında da bizlere önemli ipuçları
sunmaktadır.&nbsp;
The Development Trend of Modern Technology of Electronic Engineering
Authors: Liu Tong , Cao Zhijun , Cheng Liang , Liu Yanfeng , Zhang Haipeng 
Published: June 2018

With the rapid development of science and technology in China, a large number of scientific and modern technologies have been developed and widely used. Among these technologies, electronic engineering technology has received great attention in many domestic industries and has been widely applied. Over the years, the technology of electronic engineering modernization not only is very common in many large-scale projects, but also in the production of household appliances facilities and intelligent integration of manufacturing facilities has a universal application. As one of the modern technologies, electronic engineering technology and modern society People's Daily life and work are closely related. According to the research achievements in this field over the years, the article focuses on analyzing the trend of the development of modern electronic engineering technology, to make contribution to further with the research and application of this technology.
Effects of Canagliflozin on Fatty Liver Indexes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Boyu , Wang Ying , Ye Zhikang , Yang Hui , Cui Xiangli , Wang Zhenjun , Liu Lihong 
Published: June 2018

PURPOSE: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about 75% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effect of canagliflozin on fatty liver indexes in T2DM patients. METHODS: A literature search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane was conducted up to March 30, 2017. The liver function test and lipid profile were extracted from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of canagliflozin on fatty liver. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) or relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed by using either fixed or random-effects models. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were evaluated. RESULTS: Our results showed that canagliflozin decreased serum concentrations of alanine amino transferase (WMD: -11.68 [95% CI: -18.95, -10.95]; P<0.001), aspartate amino transferase (WMD: -7.50 [95% CI: -10.61, -4.38]; P<0.001), gamma-glutamyl transferase (WMD: -15.17 [95% CI: -17.73, -12.61]; P<0.001), triglycerides (WMD: -0.10 [95% CI: -0.15, -0.05]; P<0.001) but increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: 0.1 [95% CI: 0.06, 0.13]; P<0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: 0.06 [95% CI: 0.05, 0.07]; P<0.001) at week 26 or 52. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that canagliflozin may have a protective effect on fatty liver in T2DM patients. The limitation was that the liver biopsy was hard to obtain in published studies. More RCTs specified on NAFLD are needed to get further information. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
On Theses without Iterated Modalities of Modal Logics Between C1 and S5. Part 2
Authors: Pietruszczak Andrzej 
Published: June 2018

This is the second, out of two papers, in which we identify all logics between C1 and S5 having the same theses without iterated modalities. All these logics can be divided into certain groups. Each such group depends only on which of the following formulas are theses of all logics from this group: (N), (T), (D), ⌜(T)∨☐q⌝, and for any n > 0 a formula ⌜(T) ∨ (altn)⌝, where (T) has not the atom ‘q’, and (T) and (altn) have no common atom. We generalize Pollack’s result from [1], where he proved that all modal logics between S1 and S5 have the same theses which does not involve iterated modalities (i.e., the same first-degree theses).
The Age Dependent Activities of Digestive Enzymes in Rasbora, Rasbora lateristriata Blkr., (Pisces: Cyprinidae)
Authors: Susilo Untung , Sukardi Purnama , Affandi Ridwan 
Published: June 2018

This study was to evaluate the digestive enzyme activity included a total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase, cellulase and alkaline phosphatase in Rasbora. This research was carried out using three different ages (2, 4 and 6 months) and in each age consisted of six groups (replicates). In this study 150 fish (±2 months age), 120 fish (± 4 months age) and 90 fish (± 6 months age) were used. All digestion enzyme activity was measured by the spectrophotometric method, except the lipase activity was by the titration method. The results showed that the distinctness of age resulted in a significant difference on total protease, trypsin, lipase, cellulase and alkaline phosphatase (P <0.05), but no significant difference in amylase activity (P> 0.05). Total protease and trypsin activities were higher in fish of age two months than fish age four and six months, but the activity of lipase, cellulase and alkaline phosphatase were higher in fish age of four months compared to two months age fish. Fish, with distinct age has the different nutrient digestion capacity as expressed by differences in the activity of the enzyme digestion, except amylase. These results contribute to the future development of digestive physiology, especially in Rasbora.Key Words: alkaline phosphatase, carbohydrase, lipase, protease, Rasbora
Kuraklığın Buğdayın Kök Ağırlığına Etkisi ve Kökün Bazı Fizyolojik Parametrelerle İlişkisi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK İrfan , KORKUT Kayıhan Z. 
Published: June 2018

Ekmeklik buğdayda kuraklık stresi koşullarında çevresel
ve genetik faktörlere göre değişiklikler gözlenebilen kök yapısı önemli faktör
olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırmada bazı ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin farklı
kuraklık seviyelerindeki kök ağırlıkları ile kök ağırlığının bazı fizyolojik karakterlere
olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma, Trakya Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü
deneme alanında 2008-2009 ve 2009-2010 yıllarında yapılmıştır ve 15 genotip kullanılarak;
tesadüf blokları bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür.
Ana parsellerde beş farklı kuraklık uygulamaları, alt parsellerde genotipler
yer almıştır. Araştırmada sapa kalkma döneminden fizyolojik olum dönemine kadar
farklı seviyede kuraklık uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada kuraklık stresi uygulaması
genotiplerde kök ağırlığını azaltmıştır. Genotiplerde en fazla kök ağırlığı
Bereket çeşidinde (3.618 g) tespit edilmiştir. Kuraklık stresi bitkilerde kök
ağırlığını farklı oranlarda etkilemiş olup, en düşük kök ağırlığı (2.815 g) tam
kuraklık uygulanan parselde ölçülürken, en fazla kök ağırlığı kuraklık stresi
uygulanmayan koşullarda belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada genotiplerde kök
ağırlığının artışı başaklanma öncesi ve tane dolum döneminde bayrak
yapraklarındaki klorofil kapsamını önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Kök miktarı bütün
kuraklık uygulamalarında bitki örtüsü sıcaklığını düşürmüştür. Bitkide kök
miktarının genotiplerde başaklanma, olgunlaşma gün sayıları ve tane dolum
süresini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Kök ağırlığı artışında stoma eni ve boyunda
artış olurken, stoma sayısında azalma olmuştur. Kök ağırlığına genotip ve çevre
faktörleri etkili olurken yapraklarda klorofil kapsamında artış kanopi
sıcaklığında azalma olmuştur.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;
Ion exchange with macroporous polystyrene resins for the removal of natural organic matter
Authors: Urbanowska Agnieszka , Kabsch-Korbutowicz Małgorzata 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Due to the regulations on drinking water quality becoming stricter, it is important to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from water. The ion exchange process that uses synthetic resins is among the many processes that allow it. The suitability of two macroporous polystyrene resins: A100 and BD400FD for the removal of NOM from water and also the integrated process combining ion exchange with ultrafiltration were evaluated. The impact of process set-up and selected water parameters on the treatment effectiveness was compared. XAD resin fractionation was used to characterize removed NOM. The results showed that tested resins can be effectively used to remove NOM from water. Performing the ion exchange in a flow set-up resulted in better purification effects when compared to a batch set-up. The A100 resin was more effective. An increase in pH resulted in a slight decrease in NOM removal efficiency, while an increase in temperature increased it. The use of the integrated process resulted in significant improvements in water quality due to the combined effect. Fractional analysis showed a change in the treated water composition when compared to raw samples. Preferential removal of higher molecular weight hydrophobic fractions and also poor hydrophilic fractions elimination were observed.
Coronary Microcirculation in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Pries Axel R. , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Habazettl Helmut 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Ischemic heart disease has long been considered to be exlusively caused by stenosis or
occlusion. However, the coronary microcirculation too may play an important role in ischemic conditions. Also,
the crucial role of microvessels in not only regulating blood flow on a local level but also mediating vascular
permeability or inflammatory responses has been recognized.

Objective:
To review important physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of coronary microcirculatory
control with focus on heterogeneity of local perfusion, microvascular permeability and inflammation.

Method:
Selective research of the literature.

Results:
Heterogeneity is a characteristic of microvascular networks and affects structural and functional parameters
such as vessel diameter, length, and connection pattern, flow velocity, wall shear stress, and oxygenation.
Microvascular networks are optimized to meet the metabolic demand of all tissue compartments. This requires
continuous vascular adaptation regulated by local hemodynamic and metabolic stimuli. Compromising this regulation
results in functional arterio-venous shunting and tissue areas with either hyperperfusion or hypoxia in close
proximity. In ischemia-reperfusion, increased microvascular permeability may aggravate tissue hypoxia by increasing
extravascular pressure and seems to contribute to adverse myocardial remodeling. Transendothelial
transport mechanisms and deterioration of the endothelial glycocalyx seem to be major contributors to tissue
edema. Also in the context of ischemia-reperfusion, an inflammatory response mediated by venular endothelium
expressing specific adhesion molecules contributes to tissue injury. However, anti-inflammatory therapies failed
in clinical studies and a multi-targeted approach for cardiac protection is required.

Conclusion:
Disturbances of the coronary microcirculation are involved in different pathophysiological aspects
of reperfusion injury.
Nutrition and Nutraceuticals in Neuroinflammatory and Brain Metabolic Stress: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Pandareesh M.D. , Kandikattu Hemanth Kumar , Razack Sakina , Amruta Narayanappa , Choudhari Ramesh , Vikram Ajit , Doddapattar Prakash 
Published: June 2018

Background and Objective: A steep rise in the incidences of neurodegenerative disorders
could be the combined effect of several non-genetic factors such as increased life expectancy,
environmental pollutants, lifestyle, and dietary habits, as population-level genetic change require
multiple generations. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic over-nutrition induces brain metabolic
stress and neuroinflammation, and are individually known to promote neurodegenerative disorders including
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD). Although
the association of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis
with the dietary habits is well known, neuronal implications of diet and nutritional factors
is still in its infancy. Transcriptomics and proteomics-based studies support the view that nutraceuticals
target multiple neuroprotective pathways in a slow but effective manner without causing severe
adverse effects, and may represent the future of tackling neurodegenerative disorders.

Conclusion:
In this article we i) review the diet/dietary supplement connection with brain metabolic
stress and neuroinflammation and ii) summarize current knowledge of the effects of nutraceuticals on
neurodegenerative disorders.
Política gubernamental vs. política pública: avatares de los parques eólicos en el Istmo de Tehuantepec
Authors: Diego Quintana Roberto 
Published: June 2018

<p>El gobierno de México ha promovido la instalación de parques eólicos,<br />argumentando que es una energía limpia (cualidad, parcialmente cierta). La estrategia gubernamental de implantación ha favorecido a corporaciones transnacionales, en contra de las comunidades originarias que están perdiendo el<br />control sobre sus territorios, mismos que han sido ocupados por estas empresas, provocando un deterioro ecológico, social, político y cultural. En el Istmo de Tehuantepec, una parte significativa de la población originaria se ha organizado para resistir y revertir este proceso, demandando una política pública incluyente y participativa.</p>
Market Competition, Audit Fee Stickiness, and Audit Quality: Evidence from China
Authors: Chang Hsihui , Guo Yingwen , Mo Phyllis Lai Lan 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARY
This study examines how audit fee stickiness varies with changes in market competition in China and its effect on audit quality. The Chinese audit market structure has changed significantly since the Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants (CICPA) issued a proposal to enhance the competitiveness of large domestic audit firms by promoting the consolidation of domestic audit firms in 2007. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms, we find a decrease in upward stickiness and an increase in downward stickiness as market concentration increases in the post-Proposal period. The asymmetry between upward and downward fee stickiness is greater in local markets that are more dominated by the top 10 domestic auditors. Moreover, we find that upward (downward) fee stickiness has a negative (positive) association with audit quality as measured by earnings management and auditor reporting conservatism.
JEL Classifications: D40; M42.
An Experimental Examination of the Effects of Information Control on Budget Reporting with Relative Project Evaluation
Authors: Nikias Anthony D. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the effects of providing information about coworkers' costs on binding, noncredible commitments and collusion in a capital budgeting setting with relative project evaluation. Two subordinates with asymmetric information regarding project costs report to a superior who pre-commits to funding rules that potentially ration resources. Rationing is credible only for the most restrictive rule, according to the wealth-maximizing model. When subordinates can observe each other's cost, it can increase collusion by facilitating coordination or potentially affecting equity motives. The results of my experiment reveal that noncredible commitments are generally effective at controlling information rents. Further, credible and noncredible commitments are more effective when subordinates cannot observe their peer's costs. When subordinates can observe costs, they condition reports on the higher costs of a peer. The results suggest the effectiveness of informal controls may depend on the information environment.
JEL Classifications: M41; C72; C92.
Data Availability: The data are available from the author on request.
Metabolic Contrasts Between Youth and Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: II. Observations Using the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors:   The RISE Consortium, Ehrmann David A. , Temple Karla A. , Rue Abby , Barengolts Elena , Mokhlesi Babak , Van Cauter Eve , Sam Susan , Miller M. Annette , Kahn Steven E. , Atkinson Karen M. , Palmer Jerry P. , Utzschneider Kristina M. , Gebremedhin Tsige , Kernan-Schloss Abigail , Kozedub Alexandra , Montgomery Brenda K. , Morse Emily J. , Mather Kieren J. , Garrett Tammy , Hannon Tamara S. , Lteif Amale , Patel Aniket , Chisholm Robin , Moore Karen , Pirics Vivian , Pratt Linda , Nadeau Kristen J. , Gross Susan , Zeitler Philip S. , Williams Jayne , Green Melanie-Cree , Garcia Reyes Yesenia , Vissat Krista , Arslanian Silva A. , Brown Kathleen , Guerra Nancy , Porter Kristin , Caprio Sonia , Savoye Mary , Pierpont Bridget , Buchanan Thomas A. , Xiang Anny H. , Trigo Enrique , Beale Elizabeth , Hendee Fadi N. , Katkhouda Namir , Nayak Krishan , Martinez Mayra , Montgomery Cortney , Wang Xinhui , Edelstein Sharon L. , Lachin John M. , Hogan Ashley N. , Marcovina Santica , Harting Jessica , Albers John , Hill Dave , Savage Peter J. , Leschek Ellen W. 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE
To compare oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose, C-peptide, and insulin responses and insulin sensitivity in youth and adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 66 youth (80.3% with IGT) and 355 adults (70.7% with IGT) underwent a 3-h OGTT to assess 1) insulin sensitivity (1/fasting insulin), 2) C-peptide index (CPI) and insulinogenic index (IGI) over the first 30 min, and 3) glucose, C-peptide, and insulin incremental areas above fasting over the 3-h post-ingestion (incremental glucose [G-iAUC], incremental C-peptide [CP-iAUC], and incremental insulin area under the curve [I-iAUC] responses, respectively).

RESULTS
Fasting, 2-h glucose, and G-iAUC were similar in both age-groups, but youth had ∼50% lower 1/fasting insulin (P &lt; 0.001), 75% higher CPI (mean [95% CI] 0.703 [0.226, 2.183] vs. 0.401 [0.136, 1.183] nmol/mmol; P &lt; 0.001), and more than twofold higher IGI (257.3 [54.5, 1,215.8] vs. 114.8 [28.0, 470.8] pmol/mmol; P &lt; 0.001). Two-hour C-peptide and insulin concentrations, CP-iAUC, and I-iAUC were all higher in youth (all P &lt; 0.001). C-peptide and insulin responses remained significantly greater in youth after adjustment for insulin sensitivity. Within each age-group, individuals with type 2 diabetes versus IGT had significantly lower CPI and IGI with no difference in insulin sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS
The balance between insulin sensitivity and β-cell responses differs between youth and adults with IGT or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Despite similar postload glucose levels, youth demonstrate greater C-peptide and insulin responses that exceed what is needed to compensate for their lower insulin sensitivity. Longitudinal studies are required to determine whether this feature contributes to a more rapid decline in β-cell function in youth with dysglycemia.
Impact of Insulin and Metformin Versus Metformin Alone on β-Cell Function in Youth With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Authors:   The RISE Consortium, Nadeau Kristen J. , Hannon Tamara S. , Edelstein Sharon L. , Arslanian Silva A. , Caprio Sonia , Leschek Ellen W. , Zeitler Philip S. , Buchanan Thomas A. , Ehrmann David A. , Mather Kieren J. , Kahn Steven E. , Gross Susan , Williams Jayne , Cree-Green Melanie , Reyes Yesenia Garcia , Vissat Krista , Brown Kathleen , Guerra Nancy , Porter Kristin , Savoye Mary , Pierpont Bridget , Garrett Tammy , Lteif Amale , Patel Aniket , Chisholm Robin , Moore Karen , Pirics Vivian , Pratt Linda , Temple Karla A. , Rue Abby , Barengolts Elena , Mokhlesi Babak , Van Cauter Eve , Sam Susan , Miller M. Annette , Atkinson Karen M. , Palmer Jerry P. , Utzschneider Kristina M. , Gebremedhin Tsige , Kernan-Schloss Abigail , Kozedub Alexandra , Montgomery Brenda K. , Morse Emily J. , Xiang Anny H. , Trigo Enrique , Beale Elizabeth , Hendee Fadi N. , Katkhouda Namir , Nayak Krishan , Martinez Mayra , Montgomery Cortney , Wang Xinhui , Lachin John M. , Hogan Ashley N. , Marcovina Santica , Harting Jessica , Albers John , Hill Dave , Savage Peter J. 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE
Pediatric type 2 diabetes prevalence is increasing, with β-cell dysfunction key in its pathogenesis. The RISE Pediatric Medication Study compared two approaches—glargine followed by metformin and metformin alone—in preserving or improving β-cell function in youth with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes during and after therapy withdrawal.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Ninety-one pubertal, overweight/obese 10–19-year-old youth with IGT (60%) or type 2 diabetes of &lt;6 months duration (40%) were randomized to either 3 months of insulin glargine with a target glucose of 4.4–5.0 mmol/L followed by 9 months of metformin or to 12 months of metformin alone. β-Cell function (insulin sensitivity paired with β-cell responses) was assessed by hyperglycemic clamp at baseline, 12 months (on treatment), and 15 months (3 months off treatment).

RESULTS
No significant differences were observed between treatment groups at baseline, 12 months, or 15 months in β-cell function, BMI percentile, HbA1c, fasting glucose, or oral glucose tolerance test 2-h glucose results. In both treatment groups, clamp-measured β-cell function was significantly lower at 12 and 15 months versus baseline. HbA1c fell transiently at 6 months within both groups. BMI was higher in the glargine followed by metformin versus metformin alone group between 3 and 9 months. Only 5% of participants discontinued the interventions, and both treatments were well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS
In youth with IGT or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes, neither 3 months of glargine followed by 9 months of metformin nor 12 months of metformin alone halted the progressive deterioration of β-cell function. Alternate approaches to preserve β-cell function in youth are needed.