bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersal mitigates biologically induced disturbances in heterogeneous metacommunities
Authors: Mausbach William Eugene , Dzialowski Andrew Richard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe global increase in anthropogenic disturbances has introduced patterns of heterogeneity across many landscapes. Local disturbances are often studied from the perspective of the local habitat patch, where their direct effects on local community composition are more evident. However, local disturbances can have regional implications when connected to other patches within a metacommunity. Invasive species provide a unique opportunity for studying the influence of biologically induced disturbances on metacommunity dynamics, because invasive species are influential in structuring local communities and have a propensity for dispersing across landscapes, producing gradients in disturbance intensity. The invasive zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, is widespread throughout the eastern USA and is having negative impacts on native communities. Using zebra mussels to induce disturbances in mesocosm zooplankton communities, we tested how the relative abundance of disturbed and undisturbed habitat patches within a metacommunity influenced community and metacommunity biodiversity and composition. The zebra mussels negatively affected pelagic zooplankton species richness, while facilitating the population growth of littoral species. Undisturbed communities mitigated disturbance‐induced local and regional pelagic species loss in heterogeneous metacommunities, while the fully disturbed metacommunity experienced significant losses of pelagic zooplankton at local and regional scales. Disturbed communities influenced undisturbed communities in heterogeneous metacommunities by increasing the densities of littoral zooplankton species. Overall, these results highlight the important effects that undisturbed habitat patches can have on mitigating species loss in locally disturbed patches and maintaining regional biodiversity in heterogeneous metacommunities.
(Not) Thinking about you: Differences in victims’ and perpetrators’ self‐focus after interpersonal and intergroup transgressions
Authors: Siem Birte , Barth Markus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that, following a transgression, victims and perpetrators differ in their focus of attention. In three studies (total N = 740), we manipulated participants’ social role (victim vs. perpetrator) in a hypothetical scenario (Studies 1 and 2) and in a perceived real conflict (Study 3) in an interpersonal (Studies 1 and 2) and an intergroup (Study 3) context. Results from all studies confirmed that victims show a stronger self‐focus than perpetrators. Moreover, results suggest victims’ higher self‐focus as a predictor of willingness to reconcile. Participants’ self‐focus mediated the effect of social role on reconciliation intentions as a single mediator (Study 2), or in sequence with their motivation to consider the other party's needs (Study 3). Overall, the present research suggests that victims and perpetrators differ in their focus of attention, and that this difference has important theoretical and practical implications for reconciliation between individuals and between groups.
Analytical solution of seismic response of base‐isolated structure with supplemental inerter
Authors: Ye Kun , Shu Shuai , Hu Liang , Zhu Hongping 
Published: March 2019

SummaryClosed‐form solutions are derived for the modal characteristics and seismic response of a base‐isolated structure equipped with additional inerters. By simplifying the structure‐isolator‐inerter system in terms of the two‐degree‐of‐freedom (2DOF) model, the modal frequencies, mode shapes, damping ratios, and participation factors of the system are derived. Consequently, analytical seismic response solutions are formulated by the modal superposition method. Utilizing these analytical solutions, an extensive parametric study has been carried out to investigate the effect of supplement inerters on both the modal characteristics and seismic response of the structure‐isolator‐inerter system. There is a critical inertance leading to the zero second modal participation factor (ie, the disappearance of the second modal response). The associated critical inertance ratio is derived in closed form as well. Moreover, it is observed that the reduction of deformation of isolators by increasing the inertance may be offset by the increase in relative displacements of the superstructure. To circumvent this adverse effect, an optimal range of inertance is identified whereby both the deformation of isolators and the relative displacement of the superstructure are mitigated concurrently.
Off‐grid hybrid renewable energy system for rural healthcare centers: A case study in Nigeria
Authors: Babatunde Olubayo Moses , Adedoja Oluwaseye Samson , Babatunde Damilola Elizabeth , Denwigwe Iheanacho Henry 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPresented in this study is an optimal hybrid renewable off‐grid energy system model that supplies a typical rural healthcare center across the six regions in Nigeria. A technical and economic evaluation was carried out to identify the optimal off‐grid hybrid energy system combination based on photovoltaic (PV), wind, diesel generator and battery. Due to governments’ fuel subsidy in many developing countries, the pump price of fuel is reduced and not a true reflection of what is obtainable in a deregulated market. In order to comprehensively capture the reality, the study considered the effect of subsidy removal by carrying out a sensitivity analysis on the fuel pump price. Therefore, the impact of a change in diesel fuel pump price and interest rates on the economic performance criteria of the optimal configuration is explored. Results show that across all the locations considered, PV/diesel/battery system is the most economically viable with a net present cost and renewable fraction (RF) ranging between $12 779 and $13 646 and 70%‐80% respectively. The cost of energy (COE) is also estimated to range between 0.507 and 0.542 $/kWh.
Assessing Impacts of Insecticides on Different Embryonic Stages of the Nontarget Aquatic Insect Cheumatopsyche brevilineata (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
Authors: Yokoyama Atsushi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Although the egg of aquatic insects is one of the main life stages that can be exposed to contaminants in water, little is known about the detailed impacts of contaminants on eggs of aquatic insects. The present study aimed to clarify the vulnerable embryonic stages of the caddisfly Cheumatopsyche brevilineata exposed to 2 insecticides, etofenprox and diflubenzuron, which are severely harmful to aquatic insects, and to assess the effects of exposure duration on toxicity of etofenprox to the embryonic stage. Eggs obtained from laboratory culture of the insect were exposed to etofenprox for different periods (2, 4, 6, or 8 d) and at different embryonic stages. In experiments with diflubenzuron, eggs were exposed for 2 d at different embryonic stages. These insecticides did not kill the embryos during exposure, but they inhibited hatching post exposure. Diflubenzuron also induced morphological abnormalities of hatchlings and reduced their survival. The overall median lethal concentration (LC50overall) values varied significantly from 0.0560 to 5.19 μg/L for etofenprox among exposure durations and among embryonic stages, and from 0.442 to 2.89 μg/L for diflubenzuron between embryonic stages. The toxicity of etofenprox to the embryo was more dependent on the embryonic stage at the time of exposure than on the exposure duration. The vulnerable embryonic stage differed between the insecticides. Etofenprox more strongly inhibited hatching of embryos at later stages, whereas sensitivity to diflubenzuron was higher in the following order: stages E3 to E7 &gt; stages E1, E2, and E8. The different responses of C. brevilineata embryos may be attributable to differences in insecticide mode of action and in functional development of insecticide target sites during embryogenesis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1434–1445. © 2019 SETAC
Theoretical and numerical study of Couette‐Taylor flow with an axial flow using lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Mehrez Insaf , Gheith Ramla , Aloui Fethi , Ben Nasrallah Sassi 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn this study, the numerical models for swirling flows developed by Li et al and Zhou for lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) are chosen. These models were firstly validated using the Couette‐Taylor flow between two concentric cylinders simulations. Numerical results showed the efficiency of the Zhou's model. Numerical simulation results using LBM are in good agreement for the steady and unsteady regimes compared to the literature review. In a second step, the Zhou model was then adopted to our study to determine the Couette‐Taylor instabilities with an axial flow. Two protocols are tested. The first one (direct protocol) starts with an azimuthal flow without any axial flow (Re = 0). Once the regime is established, an axial flow is then superposed to the Couette‐Taylor flow (with a sudden or a progressive manner). The second protocol (inverse protocol) starts with an axial flow at a given Reynolds number (Poiseuille flow). Once the regime is established, an azimuthal flow is the executed (with a sudden or a progressive manner). The effect of various parameters controlling the physical situation is also discussed. The increase of the azimuthal velocity mainly led to the emergence and development of Taylor vortices. Its influence decreases when the axial Reynolds number increases. The relevant result for this study is the change of the critical axial Reynolds number Rec (total disappearance of instabilities) with both protocols and both manners.
Forecasting with many predictors using Bayesian additive regression trees
Authors: Prüser Jan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractForecasting with many predictors provides the opportunity to exploit a much richer base of information. However, macroeconomic time series are typically rather short, raising problems for conventional econometric models. This paper explores the use of Bayesian additive regression trees (Bart) from the machine learning literature to forecast macroeconomic time series in a predictor‐rich environment. The interest lies in forecasting nine key macroeconomic variables of interest for government budget planning, central bank policy making and business decisions. It turns out that Bart is a valuable addition to existing methods for handling high dimensional data sets in a macroeconomic context.
Reconstructing past terraced agrarian landscapes in the Ebro valley: The deserted village of Torrentejo in the Basque Country, Spain
Authors: Quirós‐Castillo Juan Antonio , Nicosia Cristiano 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe historical agrarian landscape features of the deserted medieval village of Torrentejo (Ebro Valley, southern Basque Country, Rioja Alavesa region) are presented here. This study relies on analyses of agricultural lands on terraces and, secondarily, of domestic occupation, funerary spaces, and of a medieval church. An archaeological excavation was carried out around the church, covering 800 m2, and exposing more than 2 m of archaeological deposits. The detailed study of 6 ha of terraced land made use of oral and written sources, historical aerial photos, and fieldwalking survey and mapping of each feature and retaining wall. Trial trenches were studied by means of soil analyses and micromorphology. The integration of buried and surface evidence provided a comprehensive sequence of phases of terrace construction and allowed us to document the progressive expansion of vineyard production. Three main phases within the last 1,300 years were identified and dated using radiocarbon. This paper examines the correlations between terrace fields, landscape history, settlement changes, and agrarian practices.
Medication‐Related Problems in Outpatients With Decompensated Cirrhosis: Opportunities for Harm Prevention
Authors: Hayward Kelly L. , Patel Preya J. , Valery Patricia C. , Horsfall Leigh U. , Li Catherine Y. , Wright Penny L. , Tallis Caroline J. , Stuart Katherine A. , Irvine Katharine M. , Cottrell W. Neil , Martin Jennifer H. , Powell Elizabeth E. 
Published: March 2019

People with decompensated cirrhosis are often prescribed a complex regimen of therapeutic and prophylactic medications. In other chronic diseases, polypharmacy increases the risk of medication misadventure and medication‐related problems (MRPs), with associated increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. This study examined MRPs in a cohort of ambulatory patients with a history of decompensated cirrhosis who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a pharmacist‐led, patient‐oriented medication education intervention and assessed the association between MRPs and patient outcomes. A total of 375 MRPs were identified among 57 intervention patients (median, 6.0; interquartile range, 3.5‐8.0 per patient; maximum 17). Nonadherence (31.5%) and indication issues (29.1%) were the most prevalent MRP types. The risk of potential harm associated with MRPs was low in 18.9% of instances, medium in 33.1%, and high in 48.0%, as categorized by a clinician panel using a risk matrix tool. Patients had a greater incidence rate of high‐risk MRPs if they had a higher Child‐Pugh score (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09‐1.56); greater comorbidity burden (IRR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.29); and were taking more medications (IRR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.22). A total of 221 MRPs (58.9%) were resolved following pharmacist intervention. A greater proportion of high‐risk MRPs were resolved compared to those of low and medium risk (68.9% versus 49.7%; P < 0.001). During the 12‐month follow‐up period, intervention patients had a lower incidence rate of unplanned admissions compared to usual care (IRR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.30‐0.92). Conclusion: High‐risk MRPs are prevalent among adults with decompensated cirrhosis. Pharmacist intervention facilitated identification and resolution of high‐risk MRPs and was associated with reduced incidence rate of unplanned hospital admissions in this group.
Intensity‐curvature functional‐based filtering in image space and k‐space: Applications in magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain
Authors: Ciulla Carlo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis research examines the use of the intensity‐curvature functional (ICF) as filter in image space and in k‐space. The novelty of this study is three‐folded: (a) The evidence that the ICF calculated from three additional (International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology, 28, 2018, 54) two‐dimensional model polynomial functions is an image space filter; (b) An additional (The use of the intensity‐curvature functional as k‐space filter: Applications in magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain, 2018) ICF‐based k‐space filtering technique applicable to two‐dimensional magnetic resonance images; (c) Results obtained through the calculation of the ICF of the trivariate cubic Lagrange model polynomial function (LGR3D). Although ICF‐based k‐space filtering delivers clear and well‐defined images, ICF‐based image space filtering remains superior when reconstructing vessel images in T2 MRI. The ICF of the LGR3D function provides sharp images too.
Numerical modelling of second‐grade fluid flow past a stretching sheet
Authors: Basha Hussain , Reddy G. Janardhana , Abhishek  , Killead Annapoorna , Pujari Vinaya , Kumar N. Naresh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present numerical study reports the chemically reacting boundary layer flow of a magnetohydrodynamic second‐grade fluid past a stretching sheet under the influence of internal heat generation or absorption with work done due to deformation in the presence of a porous medium. To distinguish the non‐Newtonian behaviour of the second‐grade fluid with those of Newtonian fluids, a very popularly known second‐grade fluid flow model is used. The fourth order momentum equation with four appropriate boundary conditions along with temperature and concentration equations governing the second‐grade fluid flow are coupled and highly nonlinear in nature. Well‐established similarity transformations are efficiently used to reduce the dimensional flow equations into a set of nondimensional ordinary differential equations with the necessary conditions. The standard bvp4c MATLAB solver is effectively used to solve the fluid flow equations to get the numerical solutions in terms of velocity, temperature, and concentration fields. Numerical results are obtained for a different set of physical parameters and their behaviour is described through graphs and tables. The viscoelastic parameter enhances the velocity field whereas the magnetic and porous parameters suppress the velocity field in the flow region. The temperature field is magnified for increasing values of the heat source/sink parameter. However, from the present numerical study, it is noticed that the flow of heat occurs from sheet to the surrounding ambient fluid. Before concluding the considered problem, our results are validated with previous results and are found to be in good agreement.
Universalism and the recognition of group proceedings under the UNCITRAL Model Law in Montenegro
Authors: Savković Vladimir 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAmong the most topical insolvency issues in 2017 was the Croatian “Lex Agrokor”—a controversial “tailor‐made” law providing a unique restructuring opportunity for the largest Croatian conglomerate, the parent company of which was otherwise facing bankruptcy. Soon after the “extraordinary administration procedure” began, the appointed administrator started filing motions for the recognition of the alleged group insolvency as foreign insolvency proceedings in a number of neighbouring and other European countries, most of which have adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross‐Border Insolvency. It was an attempt to save the conglomerate's property from being seized in a disorderly fashion by various secured creditors, most noticeably, the largest Russian financial institution Sberbank, which contested these motions with varying success. This article, however, does not present an effort to comprehensively analyse the ongoing legal battle but rather adopts a broader approach to examining the Lex Agrokor to establish grounds for more general conclusions. More precisely, the purpose of this article is twofold. First, to offer strong arguments that, from the standpoint of typical insolvency legislation based on the Model Law, such as that of Montenegro, both the actual and future group proceedings initiated under the Lex Agrokor should fail to meet recognition requirements. Second, based on the preceding case study, to offer conclusions on how to further promote universal approach regarding group insolvencies by emphasizing exactly what the national laws regulating group insolvency should not feature so as to have the proceedings introduced therewith recognized in countries adopting the Model Law.
Synthetic Biology: The Chemist's Approach
Authors: Romesberg Floyd E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn 1999, my lab at The Scripps Research Institute set out to expand the genetic alphabet by developing an unnatural base pair (UBP), with the goal of using it as the basis of semi‐synthetic organisms (SSOs) with expanded genetic codes. In 2014, we reported the successful creation of the first SSO that stored a UBP in its DNA, and then in 2017, we reported the first SSO that not only stored UBPs, but also retrieved the information they made available via transcription and translation to produce proteins containing non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs). When I was asked by Ehud Keinan and Ashraf Brik to provide some personal opinions and reflections for The Israeli Journal of Chemistry's Rosarium Philosophorum on Chemical Biology, I thought it would be interesting to recount two challenges faced during this project that were critical for its success: the first illustrates the chemist's approach to synthetic biology, and the second illustrates how a knowledge of biology can facilitate it.
Changing the enzalutamide form from a capsule to a tablet improves the adherence of medicine intake: A case of a significant decrease in the prostate‐specific antigen level and improvement in radiographic findings
Authors: Kawahara Takashi , Ninomiya Sahoko , Miyoshi Yasuhide , Yao Masahiro , Uemura Hiroji 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionIn June 2018, enzalutamide began to be sold in a tablet form in Japan and Germany. We herein report the case of an improvement in prostate cancer progression due to changing enzalutamide dosage form from a capsule to a tablet.Case presentationA 76‐year‐old man was initially referred to our hospital for the further examination of his elevated prostate‐specific antigen level (3664.0 ng/mL). He had developed castration‐resistant prostate cancer 10 months after initial treatment. Treatment with enzalutamide (capsule form) was subsequently initiated. In June 2018, drug form of enzalutamide was changed from a capsule to a tablet. After switching to an enzalutamide tablet, his prostate‐specific antigen level decreased significantly from 493.0 to 26.5 ng/mL.ConclusionWhile the reason for this prostate‐specific antigen response is unclear, changing the enzalutamide form from a capsule to a tablet may have improved the adherence of drug intake and thereby resulted in castration‐resistant prostate cancer control.
Medication‐related readmission risk assessment in older adult patients
Authors: Leffler Michaela E. , Elliott David P. , Thompson Stephanie , Dean Leighton Scott 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo determine if medication information can be utilized to improve the predictive value of a hospital's readmission risk assessment tool, if the number of medications prescribed increases the risk of hospital readmission, and if specific medication classes are associated with hospital readmission. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the best source of medication information for input into the pool and to assess overall effectiveness of readmission prediction.MethodsA retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary community academic medical center. Enrollees included patients age 65 or older admitted to the hospital over a 1 year period. Exclusion criteria included absent medication reconciliation information, readmission for scheduled or elective purpose, patient previously included in the study due to a prior admission, absent readmission risk score, or if discharged to a facility for end of life care. There were 7669 admissions included, and of these, 1020 (13.3%) were followed by a hospital readmission within 30 days.ResultsAn increased number of prescribed medications upon patient discharge, as well as the use of scheduled oral corticosteroids, opioids, anticonvulsants, and insulin were significantly associated with readmission (P < 0.029). Medications associated with readmission when taken on a scheduled or as needed basis included oral corticosteroids, anticholinergic medications, opioids, anticonvulsants, and insulin (P < 0.03). When medication information was incorporated into the risk assessment tool, the predictive value of the tool was improved but not enough to consider the tool to be a good predictor of 30‐day readmission.ConclusionThese results suggest that certain medication classes are associated with an increased risk of hospital readmission and future efforts should be focused on improving readmission risk assessment tools or their administration.