bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidural analgesia at trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC): a significant adjunct to successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC)
Authors: Grisaru-Granovsky Sorina , Bas-Lando Maayan , Drukker Lior , Haouzi Fred , Farkash Rivka , Samueloff Arnon , Ioscovich Alexander 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroduction:Epidural analgesia has been considered a risk factor for labor dystocia at trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) and uterine rupture. We evaluated the association between exposure to epidural during TOLAC and mode of delivery and maternal-neonatal outcomes.Materials and methods:A single center retrospective study of women that consented to TOLAC within a strict protocol between 2006 and 2013. Epidural “users” were compared to “non-users”. Primary outcome was the mode of delivery: repeat in-labor cesarean or vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Secondary outcomes were maternal/neonatal morbidities. Univariate/multivariate analyses for associations between epidural and mode of delivery were adjusted for significant covariates/mediators.Results:Of a total of 105,471 births registered, 9464 (9.0%) were eligible for TOLAC; 7149 (75.5%) women consented to TOLAC, among which 4081 (57.1%) had epidural analgesia. The in labor cesarean rate was significantly lower for the epidural “users” 8.7% vs. “non-users” 11.8%, P<0.0001, with a parallel increased rate of instrumental delivery. Uterine rupture rates were comparable: 0.4% and 0.29%, respectively (P=0.31). The adjusted multivariate model showed that epidural “users” were more likely to experience a VBAC, odds ratio (OR) 4.58 [3.67; 5.70]; P<0.0001 with a similar rate of adverse maternal-neonatal outcomes.Conclusion:Epidural analgesia at TOLAC may emerge as a safe and significant adjunct for VBAC.
Reliability and Validity of the 6-Minute Step Test for Clinical Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in People at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Giacomantonio Nicholas , Morrison Paul , Rasmussen Roy , MacKay-Lyons Marilyn J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Giacomantonio, N, Morrison, P, Rasmussen, R, and MacKay-Lyons, MJ. Reliability and validity of the 6-minute step test for clinical assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness in people at risk of cardiovascular disease. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1376–1382, 2020—The purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability and validity of the 6-minute step test (6MST) as a potential assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of people at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A prospective, cross-sectional, correlational study design was used. A single cohort of 30 adults with 2 or more risk factors for CVD was recruited. Exercise tests were scheduled on 2 days, separated by 1 week. Validity was determined by comparing 6MST results with those obtained in a symptom-limited treadmill test and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Main outcome variables were peak heart rate (HRpeak) and peak oxygen consumption (V̇o
2peak) measured during the 6MST, treadmill test, and 6MWT. Test-retest reliability of HRpeak and V̇o
2peak during the 6MST was very strong (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83–0.97 and ICC, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84–0.97, respectively). Correlations were also very strong between 6MST and treadmill test HRpeak (r = 0.81) and between 6MST and treadmill test V̇o
2peak (r = 0.88). Correlations were moderate between 6MST HRpeak and 6MWT steady-state HR (r = 0.57) and strong between 6MST V̇o
2peak and 6MWT steady-state V̇o
2 (r = 0.70). The 6MST seems to be a reliable, valid option for assessing CRF of people at risk of CVD in a broad range of clinical settings. Providing practical, accessible tests will help facilitate the goal of establishing CRF as a clinical vital sign. The next step in the development of the 6MST should be to identify the most appropriate 6MST predictor variables to estimate V̇o
2max.
Low Energy Availability, Plasma Lipids, and Hormonal Profiles of Recreational Athletes
Authors: Black Katherine , Slater Joanne , Brown Rachel C. , Cooke Rebecca 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Black, K, Slater, J, Brown, RC, and Cooke, R. Low energy availability, plasma lipids, and hormonal profiles of recreational athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2816–2824, 2018—It has been postulated that low energy availability (LEA) impacts bone health, hormonal concentrations, and cardiovascular function. This study describes the lipid levels, hormonal profiles, and nutrient intakes of recreationally active adults at risk of LEA compared with those not at risk. Thirty-eight women who meet or exceed the New Zealand guidelines for physical activity participated. Each participant completed an online questionnaire including the Low Energy Availability in Females questionnaire (LEAF-Q), demographic questions, and daily exercise to determine energy expenditure. Participants also provided a weighed 3-day diet record, a blood sample analyzed for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and cortisol, and a saliva sample analyzed for testosterone. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Those classed as at risk of LEA according to the LEAF-Q showed very likely lower energy availability (at risk: mean, 36.3 [95% confidence interval, 30.8–41.7] kcal·kg−1·FFMd−1 vs. not at risk: mean, 47.5 [95% CI, 39.5–55.4] kcal·kg−1·FFMd−1) and lower calcium intakes (mean, 847 [95% CI, 695–998] mg, vs. mean, 1488 [95% CI, 690–2,286] mg). Those at risk also had a likely small lower T3 concentration of 1.78 (SD: 0.36) nmol·L−1 compared with 2.01 (SD: 0.53) nmol·L−1 for those not at risk. These data suggest that recreationally active female subjects classed as at risk of LEA according to the LEAF-Q also have lower energy availability as determined by diet records and exercise diaries. The results also suggests that those at risk of LEA have reductions in T3, and their low energy intake, in addition to a low calcium intake, could put them at an increased risk of poor bone health.
Intracranial Electrophysiology Reveals Reproducible Intrinsic Functional Connectivity within Human Brain Networks
Authors: Kucyi Aaron , Schrouff Jessica , Bickel Stephan , Foster Brett L. , Shine James M. , Parvizi Josef 
Published: April 2018

Evidence for intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) within the human brain is largely from neuroimaging studies of hemodynamic activity. Data are lacking from anatomically precise electrophysiological recordings in the most widely studied nodes of human brain networks. Here we used a combination of fMRI and electrocorticography (ECoG) in five human neurosurgical patients with electrodes in the canonical “default” (medial prefrontal and posteromedial cortex), “dorsal attention” (frontal eye fields and superior parietal lobule), and “frontoparietal control” (inferior parietal lobule and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) networks. In this unique cohort, simultaneous intracranial recordings within these networks were anatomically matched across different individuals. Within each network and for each individual, we found a positive, and reproducible, spatial correlation for FC measures obtained from resting-state fMRI and separately recorded ECoG in the same brains. This relationship was reliably identified for electrophysiological FC based on slow (<1 Hz) fluctuations of high-frequency broadband (70–170 Hz) power, both during wakeful rest and sleep. A similar FC organization was often recovered when using lower-frequency (1–70 Hz) power, but anatomical specificity and consistency were greatest for the high-frequency broadband range. An interfrequency comparison of fluctuations in FC revealed that high and low-frequency ranges often temporally diverged from one another, suggesting that multiple neurophysiological sources may underlie variations in FC. Together, our work offers a generalizable electrophysiological basis for intrinsic FC and its dynamics across individuals, brain networks, and behavioral states.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe study of human brain networks during wakeful “rest”, largely with fMRI, is now a major focus in both cognitive and clinical neuroscience. However, little is known about the neurophysiology of these networks and their dynamics. We studied neural activity during wakeful rest and sleep within neurosurgical patients with directly implanted electrodes. We found that network activity patterns showed striking similarities between fMRI and direct recordings in the same brains. With improved resolution of direct recordings, we also found that networks were best characterized with specific activity frequencies and that different frequencies show different profiles of within-network activity over time. Our work clarifies how networks spontaneously organize themselves across individuals, brain networks, and behavioral states.
The Magnitude, But Not the Sign, of MT Single-Trial Spike-Time Correlations Predicts Motion Detection Performance
Authors: Hashemi Alireza , Golzar Ashkan , Smith Jackson E.T. , Cook Erik P. 
Published: April 2018

Spike-time correlations capture the short timescale covariance between the activity of neurons on a single trial. These correlations can significantly vary in magnitude and sign from trial to trial, and have been proposed to contribute to information encoding in visual cortex. While monkeys performed a motion-pulse detection task, we examined the behavioral impact of both the magnitude and sign of single-trial spike-time correlations between two nonoverlapping pools of middle temporal (MT) neurons. We applied three single-trial measures of spike-time correlation between our multiunit MT spike trains (Pearson's, absolute value of Pearson's, and mutual information), and examined the degree to which they predicted a subject's performance on a trial-by-trial basis. We found that on each trial, positive and negative spike-time correlations were almost equally likely, and, once the correlational sign was accounted for, all three measures were similarly predictive of behavior. Importantly, just before the behaviorally relevant motion pulse occurred, single-trial spike-time correlations were as predictive of the performance of the animal as single-trial firing rates. While firing rates were positively associated with behavioral outcomes, the presence of either strong positive or negative correlations had a detrimental effect on behavior. These correlations occurred on short timescales, and the strongest positive and negative correlations modulated behavioral performance by ∼9%, compared with trials with no correlations. We suggest a model where spike-time correlations are associated with a common noise source for the two MT pools, which in turn decreases the signal-to-noise ratio of the integrated signals that drive motion detection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrevious work has shown that spike-time correlations occurring on short timescales can affect the encoding of visual inputs. Although spike-time correlations significantly vary in both magnitude and sign across trials, their impact on trial-by-trial behavior is not fully understood. Using neural recordings from area MT (middle temporal) in monkeys performing a motion-detection task using a brief stimulus, we found that both positive and negative spike-time correlations predicted behavioral responses as well as firing rate on a trial-by-trial basis. We propose that strong positive and negative spike-time correlations decreased behavioral performance by reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of integrated MT neural signals.
A High-Resolution Map of Meiotic Recombination in Cryptococcus deneoformans Demonstrates Decreased Recombination in Unisexual Reproduction
Authors: Roth Cullen , Sun Sheng , Billmyre R Blake , Heitman Joseph , Magwene Paul M 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Multiple species within the basidiomycete genus Cryptococcus cause cryptococcal disease. These species are estimated to affect nearly a quarter of a million people leading to ∼180,000 mortalities, annually. Sexual reproduction, which can occur between haploid yeasts of the same or opposite mating type, is a potentially important contributor to pathogenesis as recombination can generate novel genotypes and transgressive phenotypes. However, our quantitative understanding of recombination in this clinically important yeast is limited. Here, we describe genome-wide estimates of recombination rates in Cryptococcus deneoformans and compare recombination between progeny from α–α unisexual and a–α bisexual crosses. We find that offspring from bisexual crosses have modestly higher average rates of recombination than those derived from unisexual crosses. Recombination hot and cold spots across the C. deneoformans genome are also identified and are associated with increased GC content. Finally, we observed regions genome-wide with allele frequencies deviating from the expected parental ratio. These findings and observations advance our quantitative understanding of the genetic events that occur during sexual reproduction in C. deneoformans, and the impact that different forms of sexual reproduction are likely to have on genetic diversity in this important fungal pathogen.
Neighborhood Child Opportunity and Individual-Level Pediatric Acute Care Use and Diagnoses
Authors: Kersten Ellen E. , Adler Nancy E. , Gottlieb Laura , Jutte Douglas P. , Robinson Sarah , Roundfield Katrina , LeWinn Kaja Z. 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVES:
Although health care providers and systems are increasingly interested in patients’ nonmedical needs as a means to improve health, little is known about neighborhood conditions that contribute to child health problems. We sought to determine if a novel, publicly available measure of neighborhood context, the Child Opportunity Index, was associated with pediatric acute care visit frequency and diagnoses.

METHODS:
This cross-sectional study included San Francisco residents &lt;18 years of age with an emergency department and/or urgent care visit to any of 3 medical systems (N = 47 175) between 2007 and 2011. Hot-spot analysis was used to compare the spatial distribution of neighborhood child opportunity and income. Generalized estimating equation logistic regression models were used to examine independent associations between neighborhood child opportunity and frequent acute care use (≥4 visits per year) and diagnosis group after adjusting for neighborhood income and patient age, sex, race and/or ethnicity, payer, and health system.

RESULTS:
Neighborhood child opportunity and income had distinct spatial distributions, and we identified different clusters of high- and low-risk neighborhoods. Children living in the lowest opportunity neighborhoods had significantly greater odds of ≥4 acute care visits per year (odds ratio 1.33; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.73) compared with those in the highest opportunity neighborhoods. Neighborhood child opportunity was negatively associated with visits for respiratory conditions, asthma, assault, and ambulatory care–sensitive conditions but positively associated with injury-related visits.

CONCLUSIONS:
The Child Opportunity Index could be an effective tool for identifying neighborhood factors beyond income related to child health.
A review of lignocellulosic biochar modification towards enhanced biochar selectivity and adsorption capacity of potentially toxic elements
Authors: Chemerys V. , Baltrėnaitė E. 
Published: April 2018

<p>Biochar, which is rich in aromatic carbon and minerals, is a product of biomass pyrolysis at temperatures ranging<strong> </strong>from<strong> </strong>350°C to 1000°C in oxygen-limited environments. In recent years biochar has generated much interest in the field of water treatment in view of low production costs, availability of the feedstock (e.g. lignocellulosic biomass waste) and adsorptive properties. This review incorporates researches on artificial and natural modifications of biochar towards adsorption of potentially toxic elements on biochar. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of recent research findings and theory developments on the existing modifications of biochar for adsorption of potentially toxic elements (i.e. inorganic compounds) from aqueous solutions. Factors affecting adsorption of potentially toxic elements by lignocellulosic biochar and modification techniques for lignocellulosic biochar towards enhanced adsorption of potentially toxic elements were analyzed. The novelty of this study is discussion of the natural modifications of biochar and smart properties of biochar towards adsorption of potentially toxic elements. Recommendations are offered for modifying the lignocellulosic biochar to produce designed, engineered or smart biochar with high adsorption capacity for potentially toxic elements.</p>
Structural explanation and investigation of residential complexes using the sustainable development approach
Authors: Shojaie Farzaneh Sadat , Amarmohamadi Somayeh 
Published: April 2018

<p>The housing has always been the most important issue in human beings’ lives. Having reliable, secure and comfortable shelter also has been among the human wishes. This this regard, human wished having a house using different techniques and technologies and attempted to improve the creation and development processes. Excessive urban population growth led to the development of mass residential complexes as an alternative to traditional housing in metropolitans. The accelerated progressive growth of the cities and growth of population and following that, increase constructing the houses in majority of residential complexes inconsistent structurally undesirable and inconsistent growth in addition to the qualitative view to the structural elements have been resulted in outcomes. On the other hand, the sustainable architecture and development are among the essential requirements of modern human against consequences of contemporary industrial and consuming world. Protecting the world natural resources, immunity from environmental pollutions, protecting the Ozone layer, physical and mental health, the future of human and etc. are among the most important issues addressed and they are revealed as necessities. In this article, in addition to providing the theoretical foundations of the residence and explaining the residential environment in structural view, the residential complexes are structurally explained and investigated using the sustainable development approach. </p>
Про походження опідзолених і неопідзолених кислих ґрунтів
Authors: Helevera O.F. , Topolnyi F.P. 
Published: April 2018

<p><span lang="EN-US">Summarized results of numerous publications and own research the origin of podzolized soils. It is shown in common national literature and alternative views on the origin of acid lowland and mountain soils. From the beginning, the emergence of the science of soil are ongoing debate about the origin of genetically close to the chernozem, but located slightly north than main array of the latest - gray forest and sod- podzolized soils, especially those of them who are long time not under forest vegetation. Most domestic researchers consider that the determining factor in the formation of a certain type of soil is the type of vegetation. Humus can be formed only from leaf litter. Where are widespread chernozem type, there has always been the herbaceous formation, and where are podzolized chernozem or gray forest soils, not to mention about the sod- podzolized soils – where were forests. This idea about a decisive role of vegetation in forming of soil types arose by V.V. Dokuchaev during study of soils of Nizhny Novgorod province. Alternative views, including labor O.H.Naboks, received strong objections and were forgotten. In the second half of the twentieth century began to appear works that have not proving popular in domestic scientists’ opinion, as if under the forest vegetation can be formed humus. Under the forest, soil is more acidic because with root secretions coming into soil more hydrogen ions which acidify the environment, which promote absorption of soluble nutrients, particularly phosphorus. The variety of soil of lowland areas in Ukraine, mainly determined by the characteristics of the water regime. If hydrothermal ratio close to 1.0 - formed chernozem. A slight flushing of soil thickness leads leaching of alkaline elements - are formedalkaline chernozem. A considerable flushing makes from the upper horizons not only soluble compounds but also partly silt fraction - is a process silt less and as a result are formed podzolized chernozem.<span> </span>And by weakening of the process of turf accumulation of humus are decreases, and are forming dark-gray and gray podzolized or forest soils.</span></p>
Вміст загальних ліпідів та співвідношення їх класів у молозиві і молоці свиноматок за різного рівня аквацитрату йоду в їх раціонах
Authors: Hunchak R.V. , Sedilo H.М. , Kystsiv V.О. , Gutyj B.V. , Hunchak V.М. 
Published: April 2018

<p><span lang="EN-US">This article presents the data on the total liquid maintance and correlation of their classes in the sow’s colostrum and milk, depending on the level of Iodine in the rations. It is shown that in the sow’s colostrum (F1 generation from maternal pure lines of Landrace x Large white) the content of total lipids is 33% <span>(Р &lt; 0.01) </span>higher <span>than in </span>milk. It was established that the level of triacylglycerols in the colostrum of the control group of animals, that has received a ration of potassium iodide as a mineral supplements, was 18.7%<span> (Р &lt; 0.01) </span>higher than in milk. <span>Compared with the milk, the level of phospholipids was 13,5% (Р &lt; 0.05) significantly higher in the colostrum; </span>and by 23.6% (Р &lt; 0.05) – the content of<span>free cholesterol.</span> <span>And Vice versa – in the sows’ milk there was higher concentration of mono – and diacylglycerol and eterified cholesterol. In account of a better bioavailability and a higher activity, Iodine, in the form of aquacart, shows a stimulatory effect on lipogenesis in amounts that, in comparison with the dose of Iodine in molecular form is 2 and even 4 times less. Hydration of the dry sows’ feed with the aquacare iodine in such a quantity provided the growth of the percent of phospholipids in colostrum, comparing with the control by 14.4 and 18.4% (Р &lt; 0.05). Under such conditions the content of free cholesterol was also significantly higher. In groups of animals, treated with the maximum analyzed amount of Iodine in nanodispersed form (1 : 1 ratio of Iodine in nano - and molecular form), we observed a tendency to a slight increasing of the phospholipids and mono – and diacylglycerol in the colostrum, and Vice versa –<span> </span>the content of phospholipids, free cholesterol and free fatty acids reduced under obviously insufficient doses of Iodine (0.1 : 1).<span> </span>Under the maximum necessary amount of Iodine in the rations (0.25 – 0.5 : 1) of the sows’ milk, the content of mono – and diacylglycerole encreased, compared with the control group 16.6</span> <span>(Р &lt; 0.01) and 9.3% (Р &lt; 0.05), under the tendency to a higher percentage of phospholipids on the background of a reducing level of free fatty acids. After including gestating and further lactating sows to the rations of Iodine in the form of aquacart in a dose that is 10 times less than the amount of the composition of potassium iodide, it was notified that content of triacylglycerols, phospholipids and free cholesterol in milk was decreased. Thus, aquacart Iodine covers a need of the thyroid body in Iodine for the harmonic interval processes and its regulatory impact on metabolic processes, including lipid metabolism in much smaller quantities than in an inorganic form.</span></span></p>