bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploitation of thermal gradients for investigation of irradiation temperature effects with charged particles
Authors: Hardie Chris D. , London Andrew J. , Lim Joven J. H. , Bamber Rob , Tadić Tonči , Vukšić Marin , Fazinić Stjepko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe effects of radiation damage on materials are strongly dependant on temperature, making it arguably the most significant parameter of concern in nuclear engineering. Owing to the challenges and expense of irradiating and testing materials, material property data is often limited to few irradiation conditions and material variants. A new technique has been developed which enables the investigation of radiation damage of samples subject to a thermal gradient, whereby a wealth of data over a range of irradiation temperatures is produced from a single irradiation experiment. The results produced are practically inaccessible by use of multiple conventional isothermal irradiations. We present a precipitation-hardened copper alloy (CuCrZr) case-study irradiated with a linear temperature gradient between 125 and 440 °C. Subsequent micro-scale post irradiation characterisation (nanoindentation, transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography) highlight the capability to observe mechanical and microstructural changes over a wide range of irradiation temperatures. We observed irradiation-softening in CuCrZr that did not occur due to irradiation-enhanced aging of the Cr-precipitates. Excellent reproducibility of the new technique was demonstrated and replicated irradiation-hardening data from several isothermal neutron irradiation studies. Our new technique provides this data at a fraction of the time and cost required by conventional irradiation experiments.
Photodetection Characteristics of Gold Coated AFM Tips and n-Silicon Substrate nano-Schottky Interfaces
Authors: Abbas Yawar , Rezk Ayman , Alkindi Fatmah , Saadat Irfan , Nayfeh Ammar , Rezeq Moh’d 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSilicon (Si)-based photodetectors are appealing candidates due to their low cost and compatibility with the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The nanoscale devices based on Si can contribute efficiently in the field of photodetectors. In this report, we investigate the photodetection capability of nano-Schottky junctions using gold (Au) coated conductive atomic force microscope (C-AFM) tips, and highly cleaned n-Si substrate interface. The Au nanotip/n-Si interface forms the proposed structure of a nano Schottky diode based photodetector. The electrical characteristics measured at the nanoscale junction with different Au nanotip radii show that the tunneling current increases with decreasing the tip radius. Moreover, the tunneling process and photodetection effects are discussed in terms of barrier width/height decrease at the tip-semiconductor interface due to the applied electric field as well as the generation of plasmon-induced hot-electron at the nanoparticle (i.e. C-AFM tip)/n-Si interface. Furthermore, the photodetection sensitivity is investigated and it is found to be higher for C-AFM tips with smaller radii. Moreover, this research will open a new path for the miniaturization of photodetectors with high sensitivity based on nano-Schottky interfaces.
Bidirectional transport of 2-chloroadenosine by equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (hENT4): Evidence for allosteric kinetics at acidic pH
Authors: Tandio David , Vilas Gonzalo , Hammond James R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdenosine has been reported to be transported by equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (ENT4), encoded by the SLC29A4 gene, in an acidic pH-dependent manner. This makes hENT4 of interest as a therapeutic target in acidic pathologies where adenosine is protective (e.g. vascular ischaemia). We examined the pH-sensitivity of nucleoside influx and efflux by hENT4 using a recombinant transfection model that lacks the confounding influences of other nucleoside transporters (PK15-NTD). We established that [3H]2-chloroadenosine, which is resistant to metabolism by adenosine deaminase, is a substrate for hENT4. Transport of [3H]2-chloroadenosine at a pH of 6.0 in PK15-NTD cells stably transfected with SLC29A4 was biphasic, with a low capacity (Vmax ~ 30 pmol/mg/min) high-affinity component (Km ~ 50 µM) apparent at low substrate concentrations, which shifted to a high capacity (Vmax ~ 500 pmol/mg/min) low affinity system (Km > 600 µM) displaying positive cooperativity at concentrations above 200 µM. Only the low affinity component was observed at a neutral pH of 7.5 (Km ~ 2 mM). Efflux of [3H]2-chloroadenosine from these cells was also enhanced by more than 4-fold at an acidic pH. Enhanced influx and efflux of nucleosides by hENT4 under acidic conditions supports its potential as a therapeutic target in pathologies such as ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
Coupled Plasma-Catalytic System with Rang 19pr Catalyst for Conversion of Tar
Authors: Młotek Michał , Woroszył Joanna , Ulejczyk Bogdan , Krawczyk Krzysztof 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA coupled plasma-catalytic system (CPCS) for the conversion of toluene was investigated and compared to the homogeneous system of gliding discharge plasma. Toluene was used as a model compound, which is present in tars. The study was carried out at atmospheric pressure, in a gas composition similar to the one obtained during pyrolysis of biomass. The effect of the initial toluene concentration, energy supplied to gliding discharge (GD) and the presence of a catalyst on the conversion of toluene was studied. Both the composition of outlet gas and its calorific value were monitored. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the conversion of toluene increases with the increase of gliding discharge power. The highest toluene conversion (89%) was received in the coupled plasma-catalytic system (catalyst: RANG-19PR) under the following conditions: CO (0.13 mol. fr.), CO2 (0.12 mol. fr.), H2 (0.25 mol. fr.), N2 (0.50 mol. fr.) and 4400 ppm of toluene with a gas flow rate of 1000 Nl/h. The composition of the outlet gas in the homogeneous system and in the CPCS changed in the range of a few percents. Toluene levels were reduced tenfold. Benzene, C3 and C4 hydrocarbons, as well as acetylene, ethylene and ethane, were detected in the outlet stream in trace amounts. Carbon deposits were present in the reactor. The products of methanation of carbon oxides were detected in the both studied systems. A mechanism of toluene decomposition in the CPCS was proposed. The application of the catalyst brought about an increase in the calorific value of the outlet gas. It was above the minimal level demanded by engines and turbines.
Gravitoviscous protoplanetary disks with a dust component
Authors: Vorobyov Eduard I. , Elbakyan Vardan G. 
Published: September 2019

Aims. Spatial distribution and growth of dust in a clumpy protoplanetary disk subject to vigorous gravitational instability and fragmentation is studied numerically with sub-au resolution using the FEOSAD code.
Methods. Hydrodynamics equations describing the evolution of self-gravitating and viscous protoplanetary disks in the thin-disk limit were modified to include a dust component consisting of two parts: sub-micron-sized dust and grown dust with a variable maximum radius. The conversion of small to grown dust, dust growth, friction of dust with gas, and dust self-gravity were also considered.
Results. We found that the disk appearance is notably time-variable with spiral arms, dusty rings, and clumps, constantly forming, evolving, and decaying. As a consequence, the total dust-to-gas mass ratio is highly non-homogeneous throughout the disk extent, showing order-of-magnitude local deviations from the canonical 1:100 value. Gravitationally bound clumps formed through gravitational fragmentation have a velocity pattern that deviates notably from the Keplerian rotation. Small dust is efficiently converted into grown dust in the clump interiors, reaching a maximum radius of several decimeters. Concurrently, grown dust drifts towards the clump center forming a massive compact central condensation (70–100 M⊕). We argue that protoplanets may form in the interiors of inward-migrating clumps before they disperse through the action of tidal torques. We foresee the formation of protoplanets at orbital distances of several tens of au with initial masses of gas and dust in the protoplanetary seed in the (0.25–1.6) MJup and (1.0–5.5) M⊕ limits, respectively. The final masses of gas and dust in the protoplanets may however be much higher due to accretion from surrounding massive metal-rich disks/envelopes.
Conclusions. Dusty rings formed through tidal dispersal of inward-migrating clumps may have a connection to ring-like structures found in youngest and massive protoplanetary disks. Numerical disk models with a dust component that can follow the evolution of gravitationally bound clumps through their collapse phase to the formation of protoplanets are needed to make firm conclusions on the characteristics of planets forming through gravitational fragmentation.
Dialysekanülen
Authors: Jungmann Ralf 
Published: September 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGJeder Profi muss sein Handwerkszeug kennen, um es optimal einzusetzen. Dies gilt auch für Kanülen, die aufgrund ihres Designs und ihrer technischen Ausführung speziell auf den Gefäßanschluss für die Hämodialyse ausgelegt sind. Der scharfe Facettenschliff erlaubt eine schmerzarme Punktion trotz des großen Durchmessers, welcher für einen ausreichenden Blutfluss erforderlich ist. Mögliche Gewebeschädigungen können durch die Wahl des Punktionswinkels und der Schlifforientierung vermindert werden. Das Back Eye bei arteriellen Kanülen, ein sorgfältiges Anticoring und Farbmarken, die auch bei liegender Kanüle die Schlifforientierung anzeigen, sind besondere Sicherheitsmerkmale. Die Silikonisierung des Kanülenrohres verhindert die Aktivierung des Gerinnungssystems und lässt die Kanüle schmerzarm in das Gewebe gleiten. Moderne Dialysekanülen in Ultra-Dünnwand-Ausführung ermöglichen hohe Blutflüsse bei minimalem Außendurchmesser.
Using Plasma and Prothrombin Complex Concentrates
Authors: Levy Jerrold H. , Ghadimi Kamrouz , Waldron Nathan H. , Connors Jean M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSurgical patients, following procedural interventions or traumatic injury, often bleed due to ongoing blood loss or coagulopathy. Volume resuscitation and transfusion management are critical for the massively bleeding patient. While transfusions may correct coagulopathy, they carry multiple risks including circulatory overload and transfusion-related acute lung injury. Factor concentrates, specifically prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs), are often used as part of multimodal therapy for bleeding along with laboratory testing to rapidly assess underlying coagulopathy. Although they are commonly used as part of management algorithms, studies evaluating their efficacy against fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or other potential therapies are needed. Further, PCCs are indicated to treat the coagulopathy associated with non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants in the perioperative setting. The focus of this commentary will be the perioperative use of PCCs, plasma, and FFP.
Pulmonary Thrombosis: A Clinical Pathological Entity Distinct from Pulmonary Embolism?
Authors: Marongiu Francesco , Mameli Antonella , Grandone Elvira , Barcellona Doris 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSince Virchow's autopsy studies in the mid-1800s, it has generally been believed that pulmonary embolism (PE) originated from the embolization of fibrin fragments from a deep venous thrombosis (DVT). However, a DVT is often not found in patients with PE (up to 50% of cases). Could fibrin form in the pulmonary vessels without coming from the periphery? In this review, the authors will try to support the hypothesis that a pulmonary thrombosis (PT) may develop. They will do so through different clinical models related to some pathological conditions such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma, all of which show a close relationship between local inflammation and activation of blood coagulation, two defensive systems that may lead to fibrin deposition in the lungs, thus recognizing the possibility that PT may be a newly recognized entity. An increased risk for PE has been demonstrated in these conditions. Sickle cell disease and assisted reproductive technologies are other very different conditions in which an increased risk for PE has been found. Gaucher's disease is a rare hereditary condition in which the hemostatic system could have a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, which complicates the course of the disease. In particular, the increased risk for PT, common to all these conditions, deserves attention when a patient presents with sudden dyspnea, an unexpected COPD exacerbation, or severe sudden asthmatic dyspnea. As a consequence, prediction scores for venous thromboembolism could be revised.
Peculiarities of Cirrhosis due to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: El-Sherif Omar , Armstrong M.J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has increased 2.5-fold in the United States in the last decade. These patients pose new challenges to hepatologists given their older age and higher frequency of coexisting metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes compared with other etiologies of liver disease. Patients with NASH cirrhosis are at higher risk for renal and cardiovascular disease, and the presence of these extrahepatic comorbidities has a significant impact on outcomes and survival. This review outlines how NASH cirrhosis differs from other etiologies of cirrhosis including natural history, noninvasive assessment, and the challenges in the management of the complications of cirrhosis including hepatic encephalopathy and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nutritional assessment and the impact of sarcopenic obesity and frailty in this population, and strategies to address the latter, are discussed. This review also addresses liver transplantation in patients with NASH cirrhosis in relation to assessment and posttransplant care.
Surgical Outcomes after Abdominoperineal Resection with Sacrectomy and Soft Tissue Reconstruction: Lessons Learned
Authors: Manrique Oscar J. , Rajesh Aashish , Asaad Malke , Bakri Karim , Tran Nho V. , Houdek Matthew T. , Dozois Eric J. , Rose Peter S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Abdominoperineal resection (APR), which involves resection of the rectum, anal canal, and perianal skin, results in a large dead space in the pelvis, devascularized tissues, and high bacterial loads. This predisposes to wound complications, especially in the setting of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Additional sacral resection further compounds these effects. We aimed to assess perineal wound outcomes and complications in patients who underwent flap reconstruction for APR with sacrectomy (APRS) at our institution.
Methods We reviewed the charts of all patients who underwent flap reconstruction for APRS over a 20-year period (1999–2018). Medical comorbidities, details of the surgical procedure, and major and minor wound complications were recorded and analyzed.
Results Forty-six patients underwent flap reconstruction following APRS—28 (60%) for colorectal cancer, 8 (17%) for sacral chordoma, and 10 diagnosed with other malignant histologies. Rectus abdominis myocutaneous (RAM) flap reconstruction was used in 42 patients (91%). The median time to the first major perineal complication was 111 days (interquartile range: 22–660 days). Half of our cohort (n = 23) experienced a major perineal complication. No significant differences were found in major or minor perineal or abdominal wall complications between RAM flap and other flaps. APR with high sacrectomy was performed in 27 patients (59%) and was associated with significantly increased full-thickness dehiscence in the perineal region when compared with APR with low sacrectomy, 33 versus 0%, respectively (p = 0.0076). Complete flap loss occurred in one patient.
Conclusion The RAM flap was the workhorse flap for pelvic reconstruction following APRS in our cohort. Wound complications are common following APRS. High sacrectomy is associated with higher incidence of complications compared with low sacrectomy. Optimal surgical planning and patient counseling is fundamental to improve current surgical outcomes.
Laser formation of luminescence bubble microstructures in polymer films
Authors: Rybaltovskiy A.O. , Akovantseva A.A. , Burdukovskiy V.F. , Krotova L.I. , Minaev N.V. , Timashev P.S. , Holhoev B.Ch. , Yusupov V.I. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The results of laser-induced formation of luminescent structures on the surface of poly-2.2’-n-oxydiphenylene-5.5’-bis-benzimidazole films, obtained by the coating method from a formic acid solution, are presented. The structures are formed using cw 405-nm laser radiation with intensities of 102 – 104 W cm–2. It is shown (using methods of optical, atomic-force, and electron microscopy) that the structures formed on the surface are microbubble foam-like aggregations. Their formation is modelled as a sequence of the following processes: release of formic acid molecules, their condensation on matrix defects in the surface layer, and explosive boiling as a result of heating this layer of polymer film by the laser beam. The luminescence of these structures is due to the weakening of the concentration quenching from closely spaced luminescence centres in benzimidazole cycles during their emergence to the surface and the increase in the distance between them due to the extension on bubble aggregates on the surface.
Analysis of spectroscopic information for detecting methane emissions on local paths using CO and He – Ne lasers
Authors: Voitsekhovskaya O.K. , Kashirskii D.E. , Shefer O.V. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Measuring the concentration of methane in the atmosphere is demonstrated to be very important, since an increase in methane content enhances the greenhouse effect. It is shown that the error in assessing the concentration of CH4 depends on many factors, including the reliability of the parameters of the spectral absorption lines of gases, the accuracy of determining the concentration, the measurement error, etc. The spectroscopic information necessary to detect sources of high methane concentration in the atmosphere using CO and He – Ne lasers is analysed.
Propagation of surface waves along a dielectric layer in a photorefractive crystal with a diffusion mechanism for the nonlinearity formation
Authors: Savotchenko S.E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
It is shown that TM-polarised surface waves, which exhibit a different character of their attenuation, can propagate along a dielectric layer separating photorefractive crystals with a diffusion mechanism of the nonlinearity formation. The wave profiles can be symmetric and antisymmetric with respect to the centre of the three-layer structure. For all considered wave types, dispersion equations are derived. The dependences of the propagation constant on the characteristics of the layered structure are found for long-wavelength surface waves in an explicit analytical form, and the conditions for their existence are revealed. The influence of the temperature and thickness of the dielectric layer on the propagation regimes of surface waves and their characteristics is analysed.
Nd3+: YAG laser based on the4F3/2→4I13/2secondary transition with a phase-conjugate electro-optically Q-switched open multiloop cavity
Authors: Ershkov M.N. , Solokhin S.A. , Smetanin S.N. , Gavrilov A.V. , Fedin A.V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLasing on the4F3/2→4I13/2secondary transition (λ= 1.34 μm) in a Nd3+: YAG laser with phase conjugation by four-wave mixing directly in the active laser medium was experimentally studied in the regime of electro-opticQ-switching of an open multiloop cavity. The use of an electro-opticQ-switch with a controllable delay of its opening made it possible to increase the amplitude and temporal stabilities of the output laser parameters. The maximum laser pulse energy was 100 mJ at a pulse duration of 120 ns. The phase-conjugate radiation divergence was 0.8 mrad at beam quality. Nonlinear optical conversion of 1.34 μm laser radiation to visible radiation was achieved experimentally. Second and third harmonic generation at wavelengths of 0.67 and 0.446 μm with conversion efficiencies of 25 % and 8 %, respectively, was demonstrated.
Laser photoionisation selectivity of 177Lu radionuclide for medical applications
Authors: Ageeva I.V. , D’yachkov A.B. , Gorkunov A.A. , Labozin A.V. , Mironov S.M. , Panchenko V.Ya. , Firsov V.A. , Tsvetkov G.O. , Tsvetkova E.G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We consider the selectivity obtained by laser photoionisation of the 177Lu radioisotope according to the three-stage

scheme from the viewpoint of the task of isolating the radionuclide for medical use. The selectivity attained through various photoionisation channels and the impact of multiphoton processes and the laser radiation spectrum on the photoionisation selectivity are investigated.
SRS converter – compressor of femtosecond ytterbium laser pulses
Authors: Konyashchenko A.V. , Losev L.L. , Pazyuk V.S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) conversion of femtosecond pulses of an ytterbium laser at a wavelength of 1.03 μm is performed in compressed hydrogen under conditions of nonlinear phase modulation. Temporal compression of frequency-chirped Stokes pulses is carried out, as a result of which 400-fs laser pulses are converted into 27-fs Stokes pulses with a wavelength of 1.8 μm. An average Stokes power of 0.6 W is implemented at an average laser power of 6.3 W and a pulse repetition rate of 20 kHz.
Laser-induced acceleration of Helium ions from unpolarized gas jets
Authors: Engin Ilhan , Chitgar Zahra M , Deppert Oliver , Lucchio Laura Di , Engels Ralf , Fedorets Pavel , Frydrych Simon , Gibbon Paul , Kleinschmidt Annika , Lehrach Andreas , Maier Rudolf , Prasuhn Dieter , Roth Markus , Schlüter Friederike , Schneider Claus M , Stöhlker Thomas , Strathmann Katharina , Büscher Markus 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to develop a laser-driven spin-polarized 3He-ion beam source available for nuclear-physics experiments as well as for the investigation of polarized nuclear fusion, several challenges have to be overcome. Apart from the provision of a properly polarized 3He gas-jet target, one of the biggest milestones is the demonstration of the general feasibility of laser-induced ion acceleration out of gas-jet targets. Of particular importance is the knowledge about the main ion-emission angles as well as the achievable ion-energy spectra (dependent on the optimal set of laser and target parameters). We report on the results of such a feasibility study performed at PHELIX, GSI Darmstadt. Both 3He- and 4He-gas jets (n
gas ∼ 1019 cm−3) were illuminated with high-intensity laser pulses,

I

L

∼

(

10

19

W

cm

−
2

)

. The main ion-emission angles could be identified (±90° with respect to the laser-propagation direction) and the ion-energy spectra for all ion species could be extracted: for the optimal laser and target parameters, the high-energy cut-offs for He

2
+
,
1
+

ions were 4.65 MeV (with a normalized energy uncertainty of

Δ




−
1

=
0.033

) and 3.27 MeV (

Δ




−
1

=
0.055

), respectively.