bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHACTR1 gene polymorphism with the risk of coronary artery disease in Chinese Han population
Authors: Chen Lishan , Qian Hang , Luo Zhihuan , Li Dongfeng , Xu Hao , Chen Jishun , He Peigen , Zhou Xintao , Zhang Tao , Chen Jun , Min Xinwen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is the most frequent multifactorial disease worldwide and is characterised by endothelial injury, lipid deposition and coronary artery calcification. The purpose of this study was to determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of two loci (rs2026458 and rs9349379) of phosphatase and actin regulator 1 (PHACTR1) to the risk of developing CAD in the Chinese Han population.MethodsA case–control study was conducted including 332 patients with CAD and 119 controls. Genotype analysis was performed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Genetic model analysis was performed to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and CAD susceptibility using Pearson’s χ2 test and logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe GG genotype of rs9349379 represented 50% and 29% of patients with CAD and controls, respectively (p&lt;0.001). The CC genotype of rs2026458 was more prevalent in the controls than in patients with CAD compared with TT genotype (OR=0.548, 95% CI 0.351 to 0.856, p=0.008). Logistic regression analyses revealed that PHACTR1 rs9349379 GG genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of CAD in the recessive model (OR=2.359, 95% CI 1.442 to 3.862, p=0.001), even after adjusting for age gender, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and smoking habit. Heterogeneity test proved that rs9349379’s risk effects on CAD were more significant among women.ConclusionsOur study indicate that the PHACTR1 rs9349379 polymorphism is associated with the increased risk for CAD in the female Chinese Han population.
Incidence of second and higher order smoking-related primary cancers following lung cancer: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Barclay Matthew E , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Walter Fiona M , Jefferies Sarah , Peake Michael D , Rintoul Robert C 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundLung cancer 5-year survival has doubled over 15 years. Although the risk of second primary cancer is recognised, quantification over time is lacking. We describe the incidence of second and higher order smoking-related primary cancers in lung cancer survivors, identifying high-incidence groups and how incidence changes over time from first diagnosis.MethodsData on smoking-related primary cancers (lung, laryngeal, head and neck, oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and bladder) diagnosed in England between 2000 and 2014 were obtained from Public Health England National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service. We calculated absolute incidence rates and standardised incidence rate ratios, both overall and for various subgroups of second primary cancer for up to 10 years from the initial diagnosis of lung cancer, using Poisson regression.ResultsElevated incidence of smoking-related second primary cancer persists for at least 10 years from first lung cancer diagnosis with those aged 50 and 79 at first diagnosis at particularly high risk. The most frequent type of second malignancy was lung cancer although the highest standardised incidence rate ratios were for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2.4) and laryngeal cancers (2.8) and consistently higher in women than in men. Over the last decade, the incidence of second primary lung cancer has doubled.ConclusionLung cancer survivors have increased the incidence of subsequent lung, laryngeal, head and neck and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma for at least a decade from the first diagnosis. Consideration should be given to increasing routine follow-up from 5 years to 10 years for those at highest risk, alongside surveillance for other smoking-related cancers.
Effect of timeliness on the thermal properties of paraffin-based Al2O3 nanofluids
Authors: Wu Yangyang , Wang Baichao , Li Dong , Liu Changyu 
Published: February 2019

Paraffin is an excellent photo-thermal conversion phase change energy storage material, and extensively used in the thermal storage field at the medium-low temperature. However, the low thermal conductivity of paraffin restricts its application in practice. Adding nanoparticles into paraffin is one of the effective methods to improve its thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, the thermal diffusivity, specific heat and volumetric heat capacity of paraffin as well as timeliness were affected after the addition of nanoparticles. In this paper, the influences of volume fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticle and timeliness on these thermal parameters of paraffin were investigated. The results show that the thermal conductivity of paraffin-based Al2O3 nanofluids increases first and then decreases with time, and the maximum thermal conductivity is 0.34 W/[Formula: see text] for volume fraction 1% on third day. The higher volume concentration, the lower specific heat and volumetric heat capacity, all present downtrend over time, until stable in the range of 0.3 MJ/[Formula: see text] and 0.4 MJ/[Formula: see text]. The average enhancement rate of specific heat and volumetric heat capacity are concentrates on −6% to 9%, −10% to 0%, respectively. While increasing the volume concentration, the thermal diffusivity has no obvious regularity, and presents undulatory property over time.
Characterization of the Mechanism and Substrate of Atrial Tachycardia Using Ultra‐High‐Density Mapping in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: Impact on Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Mantziari Lilian , Butcher Charles , Shi Rui , Kontogeorgis Andrianos , Opel Aaisha , Chen Zhong , Haldar Shouvik , Panikker Sandeep , Hussain Wajid , Jones David Gareth , Gatzoulis Michael A. , Markides Vias , Ernst Sabine , Wong Tom 
Published: February 2019

Background

Atrial tachycardia (
AT
) is common in patients with adult congenital heart disease and is challenging to map and ablate. We used ultra‐high‐density mapping to characterize the
AT
mechanism and investigate whether substrate characteristics are related to ablation outcomes.

Methods and Results

A total of 50
AT
s were mapped with ultra‐high‐density mapping in 23 procedures. Patients were followed up for up to 12 months. Procedures were classified to group A if there was 1 single
AT
induced (n=12) and group B if there were ≥2
AT
s induced (n=11 procedures). AT mechanism per procedure was macro re‐entry (n=10) and localized re‐entry (n=2) in group A and multiple focal (n=6) or multiple macro re‐entry (n=5) in group B. Procedure duration, low voltage area (0.05–0.5 mV), and low voltage area indexed for volume were higher in group B (159 [147–180] versus 412 [352–420] minutes,
P
<0.001, 22.6 [12.2–29.8] versus 54.2 [51.1–61.6] cm
2
,
P
=0.014 and 0.17 [0.12–0.21] versus 0.26 [0.23–0.27] cm
2
/mL,
P
=0.024 accordingly). Dense scar (<0.05 mV) and atrial volume were similar between groups. Acute success and freedom from arrhythmia recurrence were worse in group B (100% versus 77%
P
=0.009 and 11.3,
CI
9.8–12.7 versus 4.9,
CI
2.2–7.6 months, log rank
P
=0.004). Indexed low voltage area ≥0.24 cm
2
/mL could predict recurrence with 100% sensitivity and 77% specificity (area under the curve 0.923,
P
=0.007).

Conclusions

Larger low voltage area but not dense scar is associated with the induction of multiple focal or re‐entry
AT
s, which are subsequently associated with longer procedure duration and worse acute and midterm clinical outcomes.
Type Classification of Sudden Stratospheric Warming Based on Pre- and Postwarming Periods
Authors: Choi Hyesun , Kim Baek-Min , Choi Wookap 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In existing literature, sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events have been typically defined as displacement or split types. Detailed reexamination of SSW evolution has revealed that an SSW event often alters its type before and after the central day of the warming event. On the basis of this observation, we objectively define three types of SSW using wave amplitude: displacement–displacement (DD) type, displacement–split (DS) type, and split–split (SS) type. The geopotential height (GPH) amplitude of zonal wavenumbers 1 and 2 averaged over 55°–65°N at 10 hPa was used as a criterion for the classification. If the amplitude of zonal wavenumber 1 is larger (smaller) than that of wavenumber 2 before and after the central day of SSW, the event is regarded as a DD (SS) type. If the amplitude of zonal wavenumber 1 is larger than that of wavenumber 2 before the central day but is smaller after that day, the event is regarded as a DS type. The above classification algorithm has been applied to both reanalysis data and model results. We observe that conventional split-type SSW events identified by previous studies can be categorized as either DS- or SS-type events, each type of which exhibits different evolution characteristics. In particular, they are distinctively different during the prewarming period. In the SS type, the characteristics of the conventional split type are more obvious, and the features that differ from those of the DD type are the most robust. The model results generally resemble the reanalysis data, particularly in the DD cases.
Air–Sea Turbulent Heat Fluxes in Climate Models and Observational Analyses: What Drives Their Variability?
Authors: Small R. Justin , Bryan Frank O. , Bishop Stuart P. , Tomas Robert A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A traditional view is that the ocean outside of the tropics responds passively to atmosphere forcing, which implies that air–sea heat fluxes are mainly driven by atmosphere variability. This paper tests this viewpoint using state-of-the-art air–sea turbulent heat flux observational analyses and a climate model run at different resolutions. It is found that in midlatitude ocean frontal zones the variability of air–sea heat fluxes is not predominantly driven by the atmosphere variations but instead is forced by sea surface temperature (SST) variations arising from intrinsic oceanic variability. Meanwhile in most of the tropics and subtropics wind is the dominant driver of heat flux variability, and atmosphere humidity is mainly important in higher latitudes. The predominance of ocean forcing of heat fluxes found in frontal regions occurs on scales of around 700 km or less. Spatially smoothing the data to larger scales results in the traditional atmosphere-driving case, while filtering to retain only small scales of 5° or less leads to ocean forcing of heat fluxes over most of the globe. All observational analyses examined (1° OAFlux; 0.25° J-OFURO3; 0.25° SeaFlux) show this general behavior. A standard resolution (1°) climate model fails to reproduce the midlatitude, small-scale ocean forcing of heat flux: refining the ocean grid to resolve eddies (0.1°) gives a more realistic representation of ocean forcing but the variability of both SST and of heat flux is too high compared to observational analyses.
Intratympanic Steroid Use for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Current Otolaryngology Practice
Authors: Lechner Matt , Sutton Liam , Ferguson Mark , Abbas Yasmin , Sandhu Jaswinder , Shaida Azhar 
Published: February 2019

Objective: To investigate the current practice of intratympanic steroid (ITS) injection for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in the United Kingdom and link the data with data from the United States and continental Europe. Methods: A survey of 21 questions was distributed to members of the British Society of Otology using an online survey platform via ENT UK. Data obtained from UK otolaryngologists (n = 171) were integrated with previously published data from other countries, including the United States (n = 63) and continental Europe (n = 908). Results: In the United Kingdom, 62% of responding otolaryngologists use ITS injection for SSNHL, while 38% do not. Of those using ITS, 59% use it as first-line treatment, either using it in conjunction with oral steroids (51%) or using it as monotherapy (8%). Of those that use ITS, a majority (83%) use it as salvage therapy when primary treatment with systemic steroids has failed, and similar results are found in the continental Europe and US surveys. The most commonly used preparation is dexamethasone. Responses to questions regarding treatment regimes used are enlightening and show considerable variation in the treatment regimes used within and between countries. Conclusions: There is a wide variation in practice with regards to ITS for SSNHL hearing loss in the United Kingdom, United States, and continental Europe. In the absence of protocols or definitive guidance from published literature, knowledge of contemporary practice may help guide or encourage reevaluation of clinical practice and will help guide the design of future clinical trials.
Uruguay’s Stance on the Palestinian Problem at the United Nations and the Creation of the State of Israel
Authors: Adrover Orellano Fernando 
Published: February 2019

Examination of documents on the decision-making process that accounts for the pro-Zionist stance of the Uruguayan delegation at the United Nations during the debate on Palestine reveals that the position coincides with the pro-Zionist consensus among local political groups and was influenced by the local Jewish community lobby and its contacts with government representatives. Un examen de los documentos sobre el proceso de toma de decisiones que explica la postura pro-sionista de la delegación uruguaya en las Naciones Unidas durante el debate sobre Palestina revela que la posición coincide con el consenso pro-sionista entre los grupos políticos locales y fue influenciada por el lobby de la comunidad judía local y sus contactos con representantes del gobierno.
Islamophobia in the First Decades of the Twenty-first Century: Observations from Latin America’s Southern Cone
Authors: Caro Isaac 
Published: February 2019

The 9/11 attack and the war on terrorism declared by the United States produced a new dynamic with regard to the struggle against intolerance and, in particular, Islamophobia. The increase in Islamophobia is related to the clash-of-civilizations discourse that has served to justify a foreign policy adopted by Republican administrations in the United States, in which Islam is the principal enemy to be fought and defeated. El ataque del 11-S y la guerra contra el terrorismo declarada por los Estados Unidos produjeron una nueva dinámica con respecto a la lucha contra la intolerancia y, en particular, la islamofobia. El aumento de la islamofobia está relacionado con el discurso de choque de civilizaciones que ha servido para justificar una política exterior adoptada por las administraciones republicanas en los Estados Unidos, en la que el Islam es el principal enemigo que hay que combatir y derrotar.
Henry C. Wallace and Henry A. Wallace as Secretaries of Agriculture: The Importance of Presidential Support
Authors: Wijkman Per Magnus 
Published: February 2019

In three successive generations, a Henry Wallace advocated interests of the agricultural Midwest: trust busting, natural resource conservation, application of science in agricultural, freer trade, and international comity. While characterized as a Midwest institution, the family’s success as Secretaries of Agriculture ultimately depended on presidential support. Henry C. Wallace failed to restore prosperity to farmers in the depression after World War I due to the opposition of President Harding. His son Henry A. Wallace succeeded in the Great Depression thanks to strong support of President Roosevelt. JEL Classifications: N13, Q15
Huarahi Oranga: an introduction to Māori concepts informing a Māori healing and psychiatry partnership
Authors: NiaNia Wiremu , Bush Allister , Epston David 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The aim of this article is to give an overview of Māori concepts informing a collaboration between a Māori healer (NiaNia) and psychiatrist (Bush). Conclusions: Wairua (spiritual) problems can resemble psychiatric disorders or symptoms. Knowledge of relevant Māori concepts such as mauri, tapu, mana, matekite and manaakitanga may assist psychiatrists in collaborating with Māori healers and kaumātua (elders) to enable more appropriate cultural and clinical assessment, as well as helping to build rapport and clinical interactions with Māori whānau (individuals and families).
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy on Alcohol and Nicotine: A Systematic Review
Authors: Trahan Mark H. , Maynard Brandy R. , Smith Kenneth Scott , Farina Anne S. J. , Khoo Yit Mui 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is an intervention used to treat alcohol and nicotine dependence that delivers cue exposure therapy using a virtual reality environment; however, little is known about the effects of these interventions. Method: We used systematic review methods to examine the effects of VRET on alcohol or nicotine dependence, craving, and substance use with persons with current nicotine or alcohol dependence. We conducted a comprehensive search to retrieve published and unpublished intervention studies in 18 databases and other gray literature sources. Studies were screened, and data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Results: Five studies including 212 participants were included. Effects were found for alcohol and nicotine dependence and craving; however, significant methodological issues and high risk of bias were present across studies. Conclusion: Evidence of effects of VRET is sparse, and methodological flaws and gaps in reporting were identified. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Illness perceptions in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome and other physical health conditions: Application of the common sense model
Authors: Haines Cara , Loades Maria , Davis Cara 
Published: February 2019

Background: The common sense model (CSM) proposes that illness perceptions guide coping and illness management, which subsequently affects outcomes. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is associated with severe functional impairment. CFS is distinct from other physical health conditions in that individuals can experience high levels of uncertainty, stigma and disbelief from others. This study aimed to compare illness perceptions in adolescents with CFS with other physical health conditions, using a cross-sectional, between-groups design. Methods: Adolescents (aged 11–18) with CFS ( n = 49), type 1 diabetes ( n = 52) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( n = 42) were recruited through National Health Service (NHS) clinics and online, and completed a series of questionnaires. Results: Adolescents with CFS differed on the perceived consequences, timeline, personal control, treatment control, identity and understanding dimensions of illness perceptions. Except for identity, these dimensions were predicted by health condition even when accounting for age, gender, fatigue, physical functioning, anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Results offer preliminary evidence for the applicability of the CSM in adolescents, with implications for supporting adolescents with physical health conditions. Results suggest that psychological interventions targeting perceived control, understanding and identity may have particular utility for adolescents with CFS.
Prevalence of carotid artery stenosis in ischaemic heart disease patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Adhikary Dipannita , Ranjan Redoy , Mandal Sabita , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain , Mitra Dipak Kumar , Adhikary Asit Baran 
Published: February 2019

Background: Concurrent carotid artery stenosis and ischaemic heart disease rates are increasing day by day in Bangladesh. Moreover, carotid artery stenosis has been identified as a high-risk factor for postoperative ischaemic cerebral inconvenience following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate 200 study patients from July 2017 to June 2018. Patients with coronary artery disease scheduled for isolated elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery were included in the study, excluding those with coexisting valvular or congenital heart disease and emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Results: About two-thirds of the study patients were 50–59 years old, with a mean age of 57.7 ± 3.06 years. Approximately 70% patients were male; the male:female ratio was 2.1:1. Most of the patients (74.5%) were Muslim. The majority of patients (59.0%) were overweight, and severe carotid artery stenosis was significantly higher in obese patients (p ⩽ 0.05). Furthermore, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with moderate to severe carotid artery stenosis (p ⩽ 0.05). Multi-vessel coronary artery disease was significantly associated with the severity of carotid artery stenosis. Bilateral carotid artery stenosis was significantly associated with the severity of carotid artery stenosis (p ⩽ 0.05). Conclusion: Routine duplex screening will identify significant carotid artery disease and will subsequently reduce the risk of perioperative stroke in ischaemic heart disease patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Effect of different doses of gadolinium contrast agent on clinical outcomes in MS
Authors: Ackermans Nathalie , Taylor Carolyn , Tam Roger , Carruthers Robert , Kolind Shannon , Kang Heejun , Freedman Mark S , Li David KB , Traboulsee Anthony L 
Published: February 2019

Objective The objective of this paper is to evaluate potential dose-dependent adverse effects of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) on MS progression. Methods Outcomes from a cohort of 612 secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients, enrolled in a two-year, placebo-controlled (negative) trial assessing the efficacy of MBP8298, were acquired. Patients received one to four (infrequent cohort; IFR) or 5–11 (frequent cohort; FR) GBCA injections between week 4 and week 104. The primary outcome was the change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and time to confirmed EDSS progression. Secondary outcomes included the changes in the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW), 9-Hole-Peg Test (9HPT), and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) from baseline to week 104. Results The 512 IFR and 100 FR participants showed no differences in baseline demographics or disease history. The mean change from baseline to week 104 in EDSS was +0.21 (IFR) and +0.13 (FR); MSFC –0.38 (IFR) and –0.14 (FR); T25FW +1.28 (IFR) and +0.55 (FR); 9HPT –0.06 (IFR) and –0.08 (FR); and PASAT +0.22 (IFR) and +0.20 (FR). The FR to IFR progression hazard ratio equaled 0.68 ( p = 0.09). There were no significant differences in any of the outcomes between the two cohorts. Conclusion There were no differences in the disability progression measures between the two cohorts, indicating that gadolinium does not result in greater clinical worsening in SPMS after a two-year period.
Como as escolas fazem as políticas: atuação em escolas secundárias
Authors: De Moura Elton Oliveira , De Souza Honorato Rafael Ferreira , Olímpio de Oliveira Ramon , Da Costa Pereira Maria Zuleide 
Published: February 2019

A obra resenhada é uma tradução do livro How schools do policy: policy enactments in secondary schools, lançado originalmente em 2012, por Stephen J. Ball, Meg Maguire e Anette Braun, docentes do Instituto de Educação da University College London, que lecionam o componente de Sociologia da Educação e investigam as políticas educacionais. Como as escolas fazem a política propõe para as pesquisas em educação, com ênfase nas políticas educacionais, a erradicação do binário política-prática.