bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect effects of childhood adversity on psychopathology: Investigating parallel mediation via self‐concept clarity, self‐esteem and intolerance of uncertainty
Authors: Sharratt Lindsey , Ridout Nathan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to extend previous work on the identity disruption model (IDM) of adult psychological distress. According to the IDM, aversive childhood experiences (ACEs) disrupt the development of identity, resulting in an unclear sense of self and a reliance on external sources of self‐definition, leading to psychological distress in adulthood. In line with this model, self‐concept clarity (SCC) in parallel with self‐esteem (SE) and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) has been shown to mediate the relationship between childhood adversity and depression and anxiety. The current study examined if SCC, SE and IU mediated the influence of childhood adversity on depression, anxiety and hypomania.MethodsA community sample of 159 adults completed online measures of childhood adversity, self‐esteem, self‐concept clarity, intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety and hypomania. Structured equation modelling using bias corrected bootstrapping was used to test the mediation model.ResultsDirect effects of childhood adversity were found for depression and anxiety, but not hypomania. The influence of ACEs on depression and anxiety was mediated by self‐concept clarity and self‐esteem. Self‐concept clarity also mediated the influence of ACEs on hypomania, which is an important novel finding. The indirect effect of childhood adversity via intolerance of uncertainty was limited to anxiety.ConclusionsResults suggest that the identity disruption model generalizes to hypomania. The clinical implications are that interventions to improve clarity of the self‐concept might be useful in reducing psychopathology.
Black Rage, White Gaze: How Can Black Lives, Historically Reified, Have ‘Room to Breathe’ in Contemporary Psychoanalysis?
Authors: Nanji‐Rowe Fembe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe 2020 Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests were a stark reminder of the reality of problematic ‘race’ relations. This paper, originally conceived in the aftermath of George Floyd's murder with his final words ‘I can't breathe!’, examines the psychoanalysis of anti‐black racism as a contemporary problem to address. This raises important epistemological questions about the forms of knowledge that get produced given the complex relationship between psychoanalysis and coloniality. Frantz Fanon unpacked the impact of racial violence and the white gaze as one of alienation, nonbeing and Black Rage in White Skin, Black Masks. This paper makes use of Fanon's 1952 thesis and clinical vignettes from analysts of colour in relation to ‘race’ as well as secondary literature on psychoanalysis and postcoloniality inviting the reader to appreciate Black Rage as a legitimate and constructive affect. I submit two ‘anchors’ for psychoanalysis to consider in theory and in practice for the birth of a physical and psychic ‘room to breathe’, a place for the black individual to exist with more psychological sovereignty: (1) an extension of Melanie Klein's depressive position and (2) an extension of the concept of mourning, as crucial intrapsychic processes for black lives to matter. The argument advanced is that, due to the extraordinary historical, social and political circumstance placed on black people as a racially oppressed group, the trauma of racism is one of alienation to a zone of nonbeing, a ‘space’ which, incidentally, offers radical hope in the form of Black Rage. Psychoanalysis is adequately positioned to acknowledge Black Rage as a powerful affect and civic tool, and this may be thought about through intrapsychic processes originating in classical psychoanalytic theory as well as Kleinian object relations, principally the concepts of mourning and depressive awareness, which considered together liberate aspects of therapeutic work.
The role of interdependent self‐construal in mitigating the effect of conspiratorial beliefs on vaccine acceptance
Authors: Deng Yingli , Wang Cynthia S. , Cheng Gloria Danqiao , Whitson Jennifer A. , Dow Benjamin J. , Lee Angela Y. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInfectious diseases pose significant challenges to public health, leading to illness and even death. Vaccinations are vital for protecting society, yet beliefs in conspiracy theories related to infectious diseases increase vaccine hesitancy. This paper delves into vaccination decisions in the context of COVID‐19, which continues to strain the health care system. While past research focuses on countering conspiratorial beliefs with cognitive persuasion interventions, we propose a social intervention as an alternative. Our novel intervention seeks to mitigate the effects of conspiratorial beliefs by fostering individuals' interdependent self‐construal – viewing oneself in the context of social relationships. Interdependent self‐construal was operationalized in multiple ways (measured in Studies 1, 2 and 3; manipulated to test causality in Studies 4 and 5). Conspiratorial beliefs were also manipulated in Study 5. The results show that the association between conspiratorial beliefs and vaccine hesitancy is weakened among individuals whose interdependent self‐construal is more accessible. Moreover, this effect was mediated by prosocial motivation. We discuss the implications of our findings for developing and communicating health policies and propose potential contexts where this intervention may be relevant, thereby providing valuable insights into enhancing societal well‐being in the face of conspiratorial beliefs.
Antithrombotic but not anticoagulant activity of the thrombin‐binding RNA aptamer Apta‐1
Authors: Jedlina Luiza , Paramel Geena , Soboleva Svetlana , Chutna Olin Oldriska , Haug Marianne , Fransén Karin , Lindstam Mikael , Brewinska‐Olchowik Marta , Piwocka Katarzyna , Grenegård Magnus 
Published: December 2024

Background and PurposePharmacological intervention of thrombosis is challenging, requiring a fined tune balance between beneficial antithrombotic effect versus risk of major bleeding complications. In this investigation, we elucidated the antithrombotic capacity of the novel 90‐mer RNA aptamer Apta‐1 and its underlying mechanism of action.Experimental ApproachWe utilized three independent in vivo animal models to establish antithrombotic activity and bleeding risk of Apta‐1. Several cellular and molecular techniques were utilized to extensively characterize the effects of Apta‐1 on primary and secondary haemostasis.Key ResultsApta‐1 significantly reduced thrombus weight in ferric chloride‐induced carotid artery thrombosis. A consistent reduction in thrombus weight was also observed in arteriovenous shunt thrombosis in rats, whereas tail bleeding time was unaffected. Cellular and molecular analyses revealed that Apta‐1 interacted with thrombin, resulting in significant inhibition of protease‐activated receptor (PAR) signalling in platelets. On the other hand, Apta‐1 shortened both thrombin generation and thrombin‐induced clotting times.Conclusions and ImplicationsApta‐1 targets the heparin‐binding motif exosite II on thrombin leading to significant suppression of platelet PAR1 and PAR4 signalling. Intriguingly, Apta‐1 produces substantial antithrombotic activity without anticoagulant or general antiplatelet properties. In fact, we found that Apta‐1 accelerates the formation of blood clots and thus supports haemostasis without exhibiting typical anticoagulant properties. We suggest that Apta‐1 may be a promising future drug candidate for treatment of thrombosis in diseases/conditions where there are significant risks of serious bleeding complications.
Loss of AXIN1 regulates response to lenvatinib through a WNT/KDM5B/p15 signalling axis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tang Chengfang , Tang Chu , Zhu Xuanchi , Wang Simeng , Yang Yuan , Miao Yu , Zhao Xiaoyao , Jia Lina , Yang Jingyu , Su Yang , Wang Lihui , Wu Chunfu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeAs a highly heterogeneous cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows different response rates to the multi‐kinase inhibitor lenvatinib. Thus, it is important to explore genetic biomarkers for precision lenvatinib therapy in HCC.Experimental ApproachThe effect and mechanism of AXIN1 mutation on HCC were revealed by cell proliferation assay, long‐term clone formation assay, sphere formation assay and small molecule inhibitor library screening. A new therapeutic strategy targeting HCC with AXIN1 mutation was evaluated in humanized models (patient‐derived xenograft [PDX] and patient‐derived organoid [PDO]).Key ResultsBased on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we screened 6 most frequently lost tumour suppressor genes in HCC (TP53, ARID1A, AXIN1, CDKN2A, ARID2 and PTEN) and identified AXIN1 as the most crucial gene for lenvatinib sensitivity. Further study showed that AXIN1‐knockout HCC cells had a more malignant phenotype and lower sensitivity to lenvatinib in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the WNT pathway and its target gene c‐Myc were activated when AXIN1 was missing, and the expression of tumour suppressor p15 was inhibited by transcription co‐repressors c‐Myc and Miz‐1, resulting in the exacerbation of the resistant phenotype. Screening of a library of epigenetic‐related enzyme inhibitors showed that a KDM5B inhibitor up‐regulated p15 expression, leading to increased sensitivity to lenvatinib in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion and ImplicationsAXIN1‐deficient patients have a lower response to lenvatinib, which may be associated with suppression of p15 mediated by WNT pathway activation. KDM5B inhibitors can restore p15 levels, resulting in efficient killing of resistant cells in HCC.
Genotype–Phenotype Correlations in SYNGAP1‐Related Mental Retardation Type 5
Authors: Hong Liying , Yuan Qifeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVariants in the SYNGAP1 gene leading to decreased SynGAP protein expression are critical for the pathogenesis of mental retardation type 5 (MRD5). This study aims to explore the relationship between SYNGAP1 genotype and clinical phenotype through an expanded sample size, thereby enhancing the understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying MRD5. Data from previously published cases of patients with SYNGAP1 mutations were collected, and the relationship between genotype and clinical phenotype was analyzed. A total of 246 MRD5 patients were included in the analysis. Among them, 98.7% (224/227) were diagnosed with intellectual disability (ID), 91.6% (208/227) with epilepsy, and 57.3% (137/239) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The clinical phenotypes of MRD5 patients were found to be associated with their genotypes. Variants located in exons 1 to 6 may correlate with milder ID and reduced risk of ASD, yet they are more likely to present as refractory epilepsy.
Rapid Response to Penpulimab Combined With Anlotinib and Chemotherapy in a Thoracic SMARCA4‐UT Without PD‐L1 Expression: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Wang Yuanhang , Zhao Kelei , Zhang Jingjing , Yuan Xiaohan , Liu Yanting , Zhang Jinghang , Lu Ping , Zhang Min 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSMARCA4‐deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4‐UT) in the chest is a high‐grade malignant tumor that grows rapidly and often carries a poor prognosis. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective treatment available until now. Here, we report a case of SMARCA4‐UT in a patient who showed a swift response to a combination treatment of penpulimab, anlotinib, and chemotherapy. A 55‐year‐old man was diagnosed with thoracic SMARCA4‐UT along with metastases to multiple lymph nodes, the pleura, and bones. Immunohistochemical (IHC) testing indicated the absence of PD‐L1 expression in tumor cells. He was given sintilimab and anlotinib as first line treatment. However, a follow‐up chest CT revealed progressive disease (PD) after the first cycle treatment. Subsequently, the second line regimen was modified to etoposide and cisplatin (EP) combined with anlotinib and penpulimab. The effectiveness evaluation revealed partial remission (PR) following two cycles of the second‐line regimen treatment. Notably, the patient's progress‐free survival (PFS) exceeds 7 months and the overall survival up to 12 months. Our case implies that a combination of chemotherapy, anlotinib, and penpulimab might offer a promising therapeutic approach for PD‐L1‐negative thoracic SMARCA4‐UT.
Balanced parenting: Proposing a differentiation‐based parenting approach informed by Bowen family systems theory
Authors: Miller Elizabeth A. , Elder Camille R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to introduce Balanced Parenting, a differentiation‐based parenting approach informed by Bowen family systems theory. It is aimed at countering today's anxious, child‐focused parenting culture and deconstructing attachment theory, which has been identified as contributing to this culture. The approach includes four main pillars: (a) deconstructing attachment theory, (b) the five principles of balanced parenting, (c) shifting the paradigm, and (d) steps toward change. Pillar one explains how attachment theory feeds anxious, child‐focused parenting by ignoring parent autonomy and codependency between parent and child and underestimating children's ability to self‐soothe. It also explains that attachment theory's claims are problematic due to lacking systemic thinking and not aligning with empirical research. Pillar two seeks to communicate Bowen theory's parenting perspective through five principles: mutual respect for autonomy, focus on self, child's self‐reliance, improving couple relationships, and letting go of blame. Pillar three can help guide individuals shift their thinking from the attachment paradigm toward the Bowen theory paradigm. Pillar four communicates the steps reset, refocus, and redefine, which can help parents apply a Bowen theory perspective. This approach is expected to relieve parent guilt and burnout, foster children's well‐being and healthy development, and promote genuine, lasting connection between parents and children.
Association Between Reduced Upstream Riparian Forest Cover and Impaired Development of Embryos From Eastern Hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis)
Authors: Funkhouser Holly A. , Case Brian F. , Groffen Jordy , Holloway Austin , Hopkins William A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Populations of the Eastern Hellbender, (a large‐bodied, fully aquatic salamander) inhabiting stream reaches with low catchment‐wide riparian forest cover upstream, have experienced population declines and a shift toward a geriatric population age structure. These population declines and demographic shifts might be attributed to reduced embryo viability. Reduced egg quality/viability could negatively affect recruitment and has also been known to trigger filial cannibalism in other species. Therefore, we hypothesized that in comparison to high forest cover sites, hellbender eggs collected from low forest cover sites would have a greater incidence of developmental abnormalities and lower overall viability, and that this would predict whole‐clutch cannibalism by the attending male.

We collected a subset of eggs (~20–35) from 99 clutches across sites with variable upstream riparian forest cover and reared these eggs through hatching in stream water under controlled laboratory conditions. At the same time, we monitored the fate of the remaining eggs from the same clutches in the field to document the frequency of whole‐clutch filial cannibalism.

We found that eggs collected from sites with lower upstream forest cover had significantly shorter embryonic development times and produced a lower percentage of viable hatchlings (hatchlings with normal development times and morphology). The average modelled viability of hatchlings was 70% higher in sites with the highest forest cover compared to our sites with the lowest forest cover. In contrast to our predictions, we did not find evidence to suggest that egg viability in the lab predicted whole‐clutch cannibalism in the field.

Although forest cover was a significant predictor of egg viability and underdevelopment, substantial variance in embryonic developmental traits was unaccounted for in our models suggesting that traits associated with adults (e.g., egg and/or sperm quality) may also play a role in determining developmental outcomes. Further experiments are needed to identify what factors (e.g., egg quality, water quality) disrupt the embryonic development of hellbenders as well as the proximate stimulus that causes adult male hellbenders to eat their young.

Our results emphasise the importance of restoring and protecting riparian forest cover to conserve sensitive stream species.
Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Cropland Soil Organic Carbon Changes From Space
Authors: Broeg Tom , Don Axel , Wiesmeier Martin , Scholten Thomas , Erasmi Stefan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSoil monitoring requires accurate and spatially explicit information on soil organic carbon (SOC) trends and changes over time. Spatiotemporal SOC models based on Earth Observation (EO) satellite data can support large‐scale SOC monitoring but often lack sufficient temporal validation based on long‐term soil data. In this study, we used repeated SOC samples from 1986 to 2022 and a time series of multispectral bare soil observations (Landsat and Sentinel‐2) to model high‐resolution cropland SOC trends for almost four decades. An in‐depth validation of the temporal model uncertainty and accuracy of the derived SOC trends was conducted based on a network of 100 long‐term monitoring sites that were continuously resampled every 5 years. While the general SOC prediction accuracy was high (R2 = 0.61; RMSE = 5.6 g kg−1), the direct validation of the derived SOC trends revealed a significantly greater uncertainty (R2 = 0.16; p < 0.0001), even though predicted and measured values showed similar distributions. Classifying the results into declining and increasing SOC trends, we found that 95% of all sites were either correctly identified or predicted as stable (p < 0.001), highlighting the potential of our findings. Increased accuracies for SOC trends were found in soils with higher SOC contents (R2 = 0.4) and sites with reduced tillage (R2 = 0.26). Based on the signal‐to‐noise ratio and temporal model uncertainty, we were able to show that the necessary time frame to detect SOC trends strongly depends on the absolute SOC changes present in the soils. Our findings highlight the potential to generate significant cropland SOC trend maps based on EO data and underline the necessity for direct validation with repeated soil samples and long‐term SOC measurements. This study marks an important step toward the usability and integration of EO‐based SOC maps for large‐scale soil carbon monitoring.
Environmental and Spatial Effects on Co‐Occurrence Network Size and Taxonomic Similarity in Stream Diatoms, Insects and Fish
Authors: Mruzek Joseph L. , Budnick William R. , Larson Chad A. , Passy Sophia I. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe influences of environmental and spatial processes on species composition have been at the center of metacommunity ecology. Conversely, the relative importance of these processes for species co‐occurrences and taxonomic similarity has remained poorly understood. We hypothesised that at a subcontinental scale, shared environmental preference would be the major driver of co‐occurrences across species groups. In contrast, co‐occurrences due to shared dispersal history were more likely in dispersal‐limited taxa. Finally, we tested whether taxa co‐occurring due to similar responses to environmental and spatial processes were more taxonomically similar than expected by chance.LocationThe conterminous United States.Time Period1993–2019.Major Taxa StudiedStream diatoms, insects and fish.MethodsWe generated co‐occurrence networks and developed methodology to determine the proportions of nodes and edges explained by pure environment alone (after accounting for space), pure space alone (after accounting for the environment), pure environment and pure space together, and spatially structured environment. Taxonomic similarity of taxa co‐occurring because of environmental and/or spatial controls or because of unmeasured processes was compared to that of a null model.ResultsPure environment alone, spatially structured environment, and pure environment and pure space together explained the greatest proportion of nodes and edges in the co‐occurrence networks of diatom species and genera, and insect genera. Conversely, pure environment and pure space together best explained the nodes and edges in the co‐occurrence network of fish species and genera. Co‐occurring taxa were more closely related than the random expectation in all comparisons.Main ConclusionsThe environment controlled co‐occurrences in all groups, while the influence of space was the strongest in fish, the most dispersal‐limited group in our study. All co‐occurring taxa were more taxonomically related than expected by chance due to environmental or spatial overlap or unaccounted factors.
Dialysis Jeopardy!
Authors: Mangalgi Shreepriya , Misra Madhukar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDialysis Jeopardy! was a fun and innovative dialysis quiz for conference attendees at the Annual Dialysis Conference 2024 held in San Diego. The event saw active participation from nephrology fellows, faculty, and allied health care professionals. The event provided an excellent opportunity for nephrology fellows to interact with faculty in a nonformal setting.
“Teacher, I Don't Know How to Describe ‘Tom Yum Kung’ in English, but I Know ‘Hamburger’ and ‘Pizza’:” Will Global Englishes Language Teaching be a Beacon of Hope or a Recipe for Disaster in Thai ELT?
Authors: Boonsuk Yusop 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe emerging linguistic landscape of English as a global language calls for practitioners in Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) to move beyond monolingual instruction and adopt a more plurilingual pedagogy. Despite substantial research on implementing global Englishes language teaching (GELT) across the three circles, a research gap persists, especially in secondary education. To bridge the gap, this qualitative study explored the possibility of GELT integration in English classrooms from the lens of 18 students, nine teachers, and nine administrators at nine secondary schools in southern Thailand through focus group discussions and semi‐structured interviews. The data from the qualitative content analysis revealed participants’ positive perceptions of GELT since it was viewed as instrumental in preparing learners to take a practical approach when utilizing English beyond specific forms and norms. However, challenges remained in establishing GELT, especially in contexts dominated by native‐speakerism and linguistic imperialism ideologies. Achieving this goal demands coordinated efforts among TESOL practitioners at all levels. These initiatives involve both policymakers who shape English education through top‐down directives and educators, who implement these strategies from the bottom up. The success of this collaboration is critical in revisiting English learning aims, repositioning English proficiency assessment, embracing sociocultural relevance in ELT, introducing translanguaging pedagogy for ELT, and redefining English instructional models to reflect the global diversity of English more accurately.