bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Soil Chemical Properties Prior to and Five to Eleven Years after Recycled Water Irrigation
Authors: Qian Yaling , Lin Yuhung 
Published: August 2019

Increasing demand on freshwater supplies in the arid and semiarid western United States and more stringent wastewater discharge standards have made recycled water a common water source for irrigating urban green spaces. This has created the need to study the effects of recycled water irrigation on soil chemical properties. We collected and analyzed soil samples at the commencement (in 2004) and 5 and 11 yr after recycled water irrigation on two golf courses, five metropolitan parks, and one school ground. Samples were taken at depths of 0 to 20, 20 to 40, 40 to 60, 60 to 80, and 80 to 100 cm on golf courses and at depths of 0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm at other locations. Soil samples were tested for soil pH, soil organic matter, soil salinity (soil electrical conductivity [EC]), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Average soil EC was 0.82, 0.90, and 1.04 dS m−1 in 2004, 2009, and 2015, respectively. Soil pH was 0.25 to 0.3 units higher in 2009 and 2015 than in 2004. The degree of soil pH increase was greater at deeper than at shallower soil depths. Compared with 2004, samples collected in 2009 and 2015 had 137 and 100% increases in ESP, respectively, suggesting that sodicity was of greater concern than salinity when recycled water was used for irrigation. On Golf Course I, gypsum application after aerification displaced sodium (Na) and reduced ESP at the surface depth (0–20 cm), but soil ESP increased significantly at deeper soil depths. More research is needed to develop techniques to address the risks of soil pH and ESP increases, especially in deep rootzones.Core Ideas
Recycled water has become a common water source for irrigating urban green spaces.
Eleven years of recycled water irrigation increased soil salinity by 27% and pH by 0.32 units.
Eleven years of recycled water irrigation increased soil sodium exchangeable percentage (ESP) by 101%.
The degree of soil pH increase was greater at deeper than at shallower soil depths.
Gypsum application after aerification reduced ESP at the surface depth (0–20 cm) only.
Nitrate Leaching from Continuous Corn, Perennial Grasses, and Poplar in the US Midwest
Authors: Hussain Mir Zaman , Bhardwaj Ajay K. , Basso Bruno , Robertson G. Philip , Hamilton Stephen K. 
Published: August 2019

Leaching from annual corn (Zea mays L.) crops is a primary source of nitrate (NO3−) pollution of ground and surface waters. Here, we compare NO3− losses from no‐till corn with losses from various alternative perennial cropping systems (switchgrass [Panicum virgatum L.], miscanthus [Miscanthus ×giganteus J.M. Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoiz], a native grass mixture, and restored prairie), as well as hybrid poplar (Populus nigra L. × P. maximowiczii A. Henry ‘NM6’), all grown on a well‐drained soil in Michigan. Soil water was sampled from below the root zone using suction cup samplers during nonfrozen periods (March–November) between 2009 and 2016. Leaching was estimated from NO3− concentrations in soil water and modeled drainage (percolation) rates. Drainage rates were not significantly different among crops, constituting ∼30% of total annual precipitation. Aboveground net primary production (Mg ha−1 yr−1) averaged across the 7 yr was highest in poplar (30.8 ± 1.9 [SE]) followed by miscanthus (23.9 ± 2.4) and corn (20.4 ± 0.9). Volume‐weighted mean NO3− concentrations (mg N L−1) and NO3− leaching (kg ha−1 yr−1) averaged across the 7 yr were 9.2 and 34.1, 2.3 and 5.9, and 3.0 and 7.2, respectively, for corn, perennial grasses and poplar. Approximately 10 to 32% of applied N was lost as NO3− from these crops, with the highest percent losses from poplar (32%) followed by corn (20%). Perennial cropping systems leached considerably more NO3− in first few years after planting, but over 7 yr they lost much less NO3− than corn. Perennial crops may therefore help ameliorate NO3− pollution in agricultural landscapes even if they receive modest N fertilization.Core Ideas
Over 7 yr, perennial grasses and poplar trees leached much less nitrate than corn
Nitrate leaching from grasses and poplar was comparable with corn for 1–2 yr after planting.
Perennial crops can ameliorate nitrate pollution in agricultural landscapes.
Lidar and RGB Image Analysis to Predict Hairy Vetch Biomass in Breeding Nurseries
Authors: Wiering Nicholas P. , Ehlke Nancy J. , Sheaffer Craig C. 
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas
Early‐season biomass is conventionally phenotyped by subjective visual estimates.
RGB image data are highly predictive of biomass in hairy vetch breeding plots.
Lidar and RGB image data can be combined to accurately predict sward biomass.
Remote sensing could increase genetic gain potential for biomass in cover crops.
Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is an annual legume grown as a forage and cover crop. To improve cover crop function, traits such as biomass production are of high interest for cover crop breeders. However, direct phenotypic methods for biomass production are destructive. Breeders have thus relied on subjective, visual scoring of biomass, which is generally correlative but not quantitative or absolute. We evaluated two low‐cost remote sensing tools, lidar and red–green–blue (RGB) image analysis, for their potential to predict biomass in vivo. We evaluated these tools in two common forage breeding scenarios, spaced‐plant and sward‐plot nurseries, at three Minnesota locations following the winter of 2016–2017. Ground cover from RGB image binarization had a significant and linear relationship with aboveground biomass in spaced plants (R2 = 0.93) and sward plots (R2 = 0.89). However, once the image area from sward plots became saturated with vegetative pixels, a near‐exponential relationship would occur. Because of the prostrate growth habit of hairy vetch, RGB image analysis was more appropriate at lower plant densities, such as spaced‐plant nurseries. Conversely, the dimensionality of lidar sensing gave it greater predictive ability at higher plant densities where RGB analysis could not detect vertical increases in biomass. Lidar measures of sward‐plot height were also linearly and strongly related to dry‐matter biomass in sward plots (R2 = 0.80). When we combined RGB and lidar data to predict sward‐plot biomass in a multiple mixed‐effect regression model, we were able to explain more biomass variation than with the use of either phenotypic tool as a single predictor (R2 = 0.94).
Efficient Bayesian Inverse Modeling of Water Infiltration in Layered Soils
Authors: Gao Hongbei , Zhang Jiangjiang , Liu Cong , Man Jun , Chen Cheng , Wu Laosheng , Zeng Lingzao 
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas
The adaptive GP‐based MCMC was efficient to estimate hydraulic parameters in soils.
Accuracy of the estimated parameters was verified by simulating experimental results.
These simulations revealed a significant effect of layered structure on soil water flow.
Modeling water movement in heterogeneous soils, e.g., layered soils, is an essential but challenging task that requires accurate estimation of multiple sets of soil hydraulic parameters. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a popular but computationally expensive method for parameter estimation. An adaptive Gaussian process (GP)‐based MCMC method proposed in our previous work presents significant computational efficiency. Nevertheless, its performance was evaluated only for synthetic numerical cases and has not been experimentally validated. Furthermore, its applicability in estimating hydraulic parameters of layered soils is still unknown. In this study, we systematically evaluated the performance of the GP‐based MCMC method in estimating the layered soil hydraulic parameters through a water infiltration experiment. It was shown that the proposed method could provide reliable estimations that were very close to those given by the original‐model‐based MCMC but at a much lower computational cost. The simulated soil water dynamics using the estimated parameters revealed a significant effect of layered heterogeneity on water flow. The lower layer(s) with higher water suction may cause persistent unsaturated status of the upper layer(s) during infiltration.
Sensitivity analysis of convective parameterizations of a regional climate model in higher-resolution domains for long-term precipitation reconstruction
Authors: Ishida Kei , Tanaka Kenji , Hama Takehide 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of activating convective parameterization (CP) in higher-resolution domains of a regional climate model, the Weather and Research Forecast (WRF) model, on watershed-scale precipitation by means of sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis was conducted over three watersheds in the Hokkaido region, Japan. Three nested domains of 27, 9, and 3 km of horizontal resolution were set over the three study watersheds. Then, two types of sensitivity analysis were conducted. First, 36 of the single-year simulations were run with 12 combinations of two cloud microphysics (MP) schemes and six CP schemes and with three types of CP activation; activating a CP scheme only in the outermost domain, in the outermost and middle domain, and in all three domains. After the single-year simulations, long-term (32-year) simulations were conducted using an MP × CP combination with the three types of CP activation. The two-sensitivity analysis shows that activating CP in the higher-resolution domains does not always improve watershed-scale precipitation, but it has a high possibility of improving the results. Moreover, the improvement via activating CP in higher-resolution domains may continue for a long-term period.
Multilayered Nanostructure for Inducing a Large and Tunable Optical Field
Authors: Katyal Jyoti 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and field enhancement of
multilayered nanostructure over single and dimer configuration is studied using finite difference
time domain (FDTD) method.

Experimental:
In multilayered nanostructure, there exist concentric nanoshells and metallic core
which are separated by a dielectric layer. Strong couplings between the core and nanoshell plasmon
resonance modes show a shift in LSPR and enhancement in field around nanostructure. The
calculation of the electric field enhancement shows a sharp increase in the electric field on the surface
of inner core i.e., inside the dielectric layer of Metal-Dielectric-Metal (MDM) structure
whereas smaller enhancement on the outer layer of MDM structure is observed.

Results:
The Au-Air-Au mono MDM nanostructure shows strong near-field enhancement as compared
to bare nanosphere in the infrared region, which have potential applications in surfaceenhanced
spectroscopy, whereas Al-Air-Al and Ag-Air-Ag shows potential towards lower wavelength
region. On coupling the MDM nanostructure forming a dimer configuration the field enhancement
factor increases to 10^8.

Conclusion:
As compared to other nanostructures, MDM nanostructure provides both strong field
enhancement and wide wavelength tunability therefore promising for surface enhanced Raman
spectroscopy (SERS) applications.
A Bevel Gear Tension Balancing Device for Mining Hoist
Authors: Wang Zhixia , Yan Bijuan , Li Zigui 
Published: August 2019

Background::
With the increasing mining depth, single rope winding hoist and multi-rope
friction hoist may not be feasible in ultra-deep wells. For the single rope winding hoist, larger rope
diameter and drum diameter are required, while a lot of inconveniences would arise in the manufacturing
process. For the multi-rope friction hoist, the balance tail rope is necessary so that a fluctuation in
stress greater than 11.5% of the wire rope breaking force increases.

Objective::
The purpose of this patent is to provide an overview of a tension balancing device using new
bevel gear system in the multi-rope winding hoist. In the research, varying tension of the rope winded
on each drum is conveniently and quickly adjusted in different working conditions.

Methods::
A bevel gear balancing device is designed in the multi-rope winding hoist. It mainly consists
of big and small output bevel gear, shell, balance bevel gear, and support frame.

Results::
Unbalanced tension caused by different lengths of the ropes is compensated without any restrictions.
The tension of all wire ropes is always in balance ensured by the balancing mechanism
throughout the whole process of lifting and lowering containers. When the winding diameter of the
drums is different, the tension of the hoisting-ropes will not be precisely adjusted. But it can be negligible.

Conclusion::
The bevel gear balancing device in the patent is installed on the main shaft of the multirope
winding hoist. Through analysis, the device was observed to be simple and easy to operate. The
tension of the hoisting-ropes can be accurately balanced.
Fractal Dimension Analysis of Aluminum Corrosion Roughness by Electrochemical and Optical Methods
Authors: Menchaca-Campos Carmina , Villalba-Enciso Rocio , Juarez-Nuñez Victor , Flores-Dominguez Miriam , Mayorga-Cruz Darwin , Tapia Rene Guardian , Uruchurtu-Chavarín Jorge 
Published: August 2019

Background: :
Fractal dimension is a versatile method to study and evaluate corrosion from the point of view of metallic conditions, namely: surface roughness, electrochemical measurements and microscopy images. Aluminum corrodes at different rates, under different pH electrolytes with or without the presence of chloride ions.

Methods::
In this work, corrosion and the roughness for aluminum corrosion at different pH electrolytes: acid, with and without chlorides, neutral and basic solutions, It was measured using electrochemical and optic techniques.

Results::
The results of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Noise Measurements (ENM), Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs and their respective Fractal Dimension analysis were obtained.

Conclusions::
For the different experimental techniques and conditions, fractal dimension were presented, reflecting the surface condition of aluminum corrosion as a function of pH solution.
A Pragmatic Internet Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting and School Readiness in Early Childhood: Initial Evidence of Program Use and Satisfaction
Authors: McGoron Lucy , Ratner Hilary Horn , Knoff Kathryn AG , Hvizdos Erica , Ondersma Steven J 
Published: August 2019

Background
Internet-based parenting programs have the potential to connect families to research-informed materials to promote positive child development. However, such programs can only succeed to the extent that the intended population engages with them.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate engagement in the 5-a-Day Parenting program, a technology-based program designed with low-income families in mind, to promote daily use of 5 specific parenting activities conducive to children’s school readiness. Following earlier pilot data, the program was enhanced with an initial motivational e-intervention and tailored text messages designed to promote engagement.

Methods
Parents were recruited from local childcare centers and through a participant registry. We examined rates of receipt of program text messages and use of video-based content on the program website, 3 factors that may affect website use, and satisfaction with key program elements.

Results
A total of 360 parents of young children learned about the study and had the opportunity to use the 5-a-Day Parenting website. Of these, 94 parents participated in the study, and 33% (31/94) accessed the video-based content on the website at least once. No association was found between website use and program recruitment approach, program-affiliation message, sociocontextual risk, and baseline use of the five parenting activities. Satisfaction with text messages and video-based content was high.

Conclusions
For some parents, technology-based programs appear useful; however, engagement could still be enhanced. Additional research should seek innovative strategies for promoting engagement in Web-based parenting programs.
Understanding Public Attitudes Toward Researchers Using Social Media for Detecting and Monitoring Adverse Events Data: Multi Methods Study
Authors: Golder Su , Scantlebury Arabella , Christmas Helen 
Published: August 2019

Background
Adverse events are underreported in research studies, particularly randomized controlled trials and pharmacovigilance studies. A method that researchers could use to identify more complete safety profiles for medications is to use social media analytics. However, patient’s perspectives on the ethical issues associated with using patient reports of adverse drug events on social media are unclear.

Objective
The objective of this study was to explore the ethics of using social media for detecting and monitoring adverse events for research purposes using a multi methods approach.

Methods
A multi methods design comprising qualitative semistructured interviews (n=24), a focus group (n=3), and 3 Web-based discussions (n=20) with members of the public was adopted. Findings from a recent systematic review on the use of social media for monitoring adverse events provided a theoretical framework to interpret the study’s findings.

Results
Views were ascertained regarding the potential benefits and harms of the research, privacy expectations, informed consent, and social media platform. Although the majority of participants were supportive of social media content being used for research on adverse events, a small number of participants strongly opposed the idea. The potential benefit of the research was cited as the most influential factor to whether participants would give their consent to their data being used for research. There were also some caveats to people’s support for the use of their social media data for research purposes: the type of social media platform and consideration of the vulnerability of the social media user. Informed consent was regarded as difficult to obtain and this divided the opinion on whether it should be sought.

Conclusions
Social media users were generally positive about their social media data being used for research purposes; particularly for research on adverse events. However, approval was dependent on the potential benefit of the research and that individuals are protected from harm. Further study is required to establish when consent is required for an individual’s social media data to be used.
As linguagens da tradição no Benim: poder e religião
Authors: Lima Sheila Conceição Silva , Fonseca Solange Passy 
Published: August 2019

Este artigo diz respeito às origens de Benim, reino tradicional de África, habitado pelo povo Edo, localizado a oeste do Niger, que tem como principal característica a apropriação da religiosidade e de sua mitologia, base de sua religião tradicional, que fundamentou a construção e o desenvolvimento social e político do reino. O reino de Benim está ligado à Ifé por seu fundador e lendário Oranyan, filho de Oduduwa que, posteriormente, seria o rei de Oyó. A tradição fala também de uma primeira dinastia em que doze reis foram soberanos no século XII. Na primeira metade do século XIII, é Eweka que institui o colégio eleitoral de sete membros e Ewedo seu sucessor, que consolida o reino de Benim através da herança da coroa de Oranyan, ou seja, da dinastia dos reis estrangeiros, como garante o tamborete do ogiso. Este simbolizava toda a autoridade confiada ao guardião da ancestralidade e dos cultos tradicionais que davam sustentabilidade ao dignatário real, na condução do poder. Poder esse de um matiz segmentário tecido e costurado pela religiosidade. A constituição desse espaço imaginário garante a perpetuação do passado nas concepções do presente e inaugura o futuro, estabelecendo o poder e a resistência de um povo, o qual tem a esfera do sagrado como norteador e organizador da esfera do temporal e resguarda aos reis iniciados a manutenção de suas hierarquias e tradições.
Resenha do livro A escrita escolar da História: livro didático e ensino no Brasil (1970-1990), de Décio Gatti Júnior
Authors: Roiz Diogo Da Silva 
Published: August 2019

Resenha do livro A escrita escolar da História: livro didático e ensino no Brasil (1970-1990), de Décio Gatti Júnior.
Entrevista com Bárbara Weinstein
Authors: Xavier Regina 
Published: August 2019

Entrevista com Bárbara Weinstein, professora do Departamento de História da Universidade de Nova Iorque e a atual presidente da American Historical Association (AHA), a mais importante instituição de historiadores dos Estados Unidos, fundada em 1884, que se dedica a promover a pesquisa e a conservação de acervos históricos.
Um Olhar Sociotécnico sobre a Engenharia de Software
Authors: Cukierman Henrique Luiz , Teixeira Cássio , Prikladnicki Rafael 
Published: August 2019

New technologies modify the form and the substance of social
control, participation and cohesion. However, as they modify, they are also modified by social practices in such a way it is possible to argue that social and technical dimensions constitute a process of mutual construction, only apprehended through an approach simultaneously social and technical, trough a sociotechnical frame. This article presents some of this frame’s main features, as well as its challenges to software engineering.
Um Framework de Apoio à Colaboração no Projeto Distribuído de Sistemas Integrados
Authors: Indrusiak Leandro Soares , Reis Ricardo A. L. , Glesner Manfred 
Published: August 2019

The work described in this paper aims to allow the flexible
distribution of resources and tools supporting the design of integrated systems and considers specifically the need for collaborative interaction among designers. Particular emphasis was given to issues which were only marginally considered in previous approaches, such as the abstraction of the distribution of design automation resources over the network, the consistency control on both synchronous and asynchronous interaction among designers and the support for extensible design data models.
O CUSTO SOCIAL DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS EM BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS INTERNACIONAIS: O CASO DA BACIA DO PARANÁ
Authors: Carrera-Fernandez José , Lima Jandir Ferrera de 
Published: August 2019

Este artigo levanta algumas questões sobre o uso adequado dos recursos hídricos superficiais em bacias hidrográficas internacionais e trata especificamente do caso da Bacia do Rio Paraná, a qual integra a Bacia do Prata, onde estão situados os principais países do Mercosul. Ao longo das margens do Rio Paraná estão localizados inúmeros centros urbanos, plantas industriais e empreendimentos agrícolas de irrigação que, além de captarem água desse manancial, se utilizam dele como corpo receptor para diluírem seus efluentes, contaminando, assim, suas águas com os mais variados poluentes e índices de concentração, os quais acabam sendo exportados para os países ajusante, principalmente para a Argentina e o Uruguai, principais parceiros do Brasil no Mercosul. Este trabalho analisa os desafios do Mercosul sob o ponto de vista do uso eficiente dos
recursos hídricos e do meio ambiente, associados com o comércio entre os países membros, principalmente o Brasil, como grande usuário dos recursos hídricos, e chama a atenção para o fato que a utilização da água pelos múltiplos usuários na economia brasileira impõe custos sociais aos outros países, devido ao aumento nos custos de despoluição e uma menor disponibilidade hídrica, os quais não são levados em consideração no comércio entre esses países.