bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normative values of retinal vessel oximetry in healthy children against adults
Authors: Waizel Maria , Türksever Cengiz , Todorova Margarita G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundRetinal oximetry (RO) has been established as a non‐invasive method to analyse oxygen saturation in retinal vessels. The aim of our study was to compare the RO parameters of healthy children to those in adults.MethodsA total of 200 eyes of 104 healthy subjects were examined: 20 eyes of children aged <10 years and 62 eyes of children aged 10–19 years were compared to the eyes of adult controls from five different age groups (20–29 years:n = 24; 30–39 years:n = 32; 40–49 years:n = 15; 50–59 years:n = 20, 60–80 years:n = 27; n indicates the number of analysed eyes). The oxygen saturation was estimated with the oxygen saturation measurement tool of the Retinal Vessel Analyser (RVA; IMEDOS Systems UG, Jena, Germany). The global oxygen saturations, within 1.0–1.5 optic disc diameters from the disc margin, in the peripapillary retinal arterioles (A‐SO2; %) and venules (V‐SO2; %) were estimated and their difference (A‐V SO2; %) was calculated. In addition, we evaluated the mean diameter in all four major retinal arterioles (D‐A; μm) and venules (D‐V; μm). The ratio between venular and arterial vessel diameter (D‐V/A; μm) was calculated thereafter. For statistical evaluation, anova‐based linear mixed‐effects models were calculated with spss®.ResultsBased on our results, younger children (<10 years) present a statistically significant lower A‐SO2 and A‐V SO2 when compared to adult subgroups. The D‐A values revealed to be significantly lower in 10 + children when compared to the other groups, while the D‐V values did not show significant differences.ConclusionThese data indicate that the retinal oxygen metabolism changes throughout lifetime. Therefore, normative data for different age groups are mandatory.
The role of neighbourhood greenspace in children's spatial working memory
Authors: Flouri Eirini , Papachristou Efstathios , Midouhas Emily 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundExposure to nature may be particularly beneficial for the brain regions that support spatial working memory, a strong correlate of academic achievement.AimsTo explore whether children living in greener neighbourhoods (wards) have better spatial working memory.SampleDrawn from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, the sample was 4,758 11‐year‐olds living in urban areas in England.MethodsWe fitted two‐level regression models, with children nested in wards, before and after adjustment for confounders, including poverty, parental education, sports participation, neighbourhood deprivation, and neighbourhood history. Spatial working memory was measured using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Spatial Working Memory task. Greenspace was measured as the percentage of greenery in the child's ward.ResultsEven after controlling for confounders, lower quantity of neighbourhood greenspace was related to poorer spatial working memory. Importantly, neighbourhood deprivation did not modify this relationship. Therefore, lower quantity of greenspace was related to poorer spatial working memory similarly in deprived and non‐deprived neighbourhoods.ConclusionsChildren living in greener urban neighbourhoods have better spatial working memory. If this association is causal, then our findings can be used to inform policy decisions about both education and urban planning.
Gradient‐Guided Local Disparity Editing
Authors: Scandolo Leonardo , Bauszat Pablo , Eisemann Elmar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStereoscopic 3D technology gives visual content creators a new dimension of design when creating images and movies. While useful for conveying emotion, laying emphasis on certain parts of the scene, or guiding the viewer's attention, editing stereo content is a challenging task. Not respecting comfort zones or adding incorrect depth cues, for example depth inversion, leads to a poor viewing experience. In this paper, we present a solution for editing stereoscopic content that allows an artist to impose disparity constraints and removes resulting depth conflicts using an optimization scheme. Using our approach, an artist only needs to focus on important high‐level indications that are automatically made consistent with the entire scene while avoiding contradictory depth cues and respecting viewer comfort.
Effect of continuous intrathecal baclofen therapy in children: a systematic review
Authors: Buizer Annemieke I , Martens Brian H M , Grandbois van Ravenhorst Casey , Schoonmade Linda J , Becher Jules G , Vermeulen R Jeroen 
Published: September 2018

AimTo investigate the effects of continuous intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and other neurological conditions.MethodThis systematic review was conducted using standardized methodology, searching four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library) for relevant literature published between inception and September 2017. Included studies involved continuous ITB as an intervention and outcome measures relating to all International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth (ICF‐CY) components.ResultsThirty‐three studies were identified, of which one, including 17 children with spastic CP, produced level II evidence, and the others, mainly non‐controlled cohort studies, level IV and V. Outcomes at body function level were most frequently reported. Results suggest continuous ITB may be effective in reducing spasticity and dystonia in CP, as well as other neurological conditions, and may improve the ease of care and quality of life of children with CP, but the level of evidence is low.InterpretationDespite three decades of applying ITB in children and a relatively large number of studies investigating the treatment effects, a direct link has not yet been demonstrated because of the low scientific quality of the primary studies. Further investigation into the effects of continuous ITB at all levels of the ICF‐CY is warranted. Although large, controlled trials may be difficult to realize, national and international collaborations may provide opportunities. Also, multicentre prospective cohort studies with a long‐term follow‐up, employing harmonized outcome measures, can offer prospects to expand our knowledge of the effects of continuous ITB therapy in children.What this paper adds

There is low‐level evidence for continuous intrathecal baclofen (ITB) in children with cerebral palsy.

Continuous ITB is effective in reducing spasticity and dystonia in non‐controlled cohort studies.

Evaluation of individual goals and systematic assessment of long‐term effects in large cohort studies are required.
Visually guided TEE probe insertion, making a case based on anatomic variation: A cadaveric study
Authors: Jahangir Ahad , Shah Sachin P. , Ahmad Mirza Mujadil , Wade Ronald , DuCanto James , Khandheria Bijoy K. , Ammar Khawaja Afzal 
Published: September 2018

AimsThe variations in upper esophageal anatomy currently are unknown. This study was carried out to evaluate this variation and assess its impact on transesophageal echocardiography probe insertion.MethodsWe included 9 consecutive cadavers studied at the University of Maryland School of Medicine's Clinical Surgical Laboratory. Each cadaver was first intubated blindly by an echocardiographer (KAA) and then under direct vision with a UE Medical VL 400 video laryngoscope (Newton, MA) by an anesthesiologist (JD).ResultsThe visually guided method took a shorter average time (19.4 ± 13.4 seconds) and fewer passes (2.4 ± 2.1 passes) than blind insertion (30.3 ± 19.1 seconds, 5.3 ± 3.3 passes). None of the cadavers had the esophagus located directly posterior to the trachea. The esophageal hiatus was posterior and to the right of the trachea in most (n = 6); in these, the traditional “forward” jaw thrust helped to open the esophageal hiatus. Two cadavers had the esophagus and trachea located almost side by side, and in these the “forward” jaw thrust method failed. Instead, the jaw needed to be pulled to the left in order to advance the probe.ConclusionThis is the first study to describe anatomic variations in the location of and relationship between the upper esophageal sphincter and the larynx for the purpose of transesophageal echocardiography probe insertion. Awareness of the side‐by‐side anatomic variation can help to improve esophageal intubation by prompting the use of a new “pull to the side” technique instead of the traditional “forward” jaw thrust.
What explains the missing girls in nineteenth‐century Spain?
Authors: Beltrán Tapia Francisco J. , Gallego‐Martínez Domingo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInfant and childhood sex ratios in nineteenth‐century Spain were abnormally high, thus pointing to some sort of unexplained excess female mortality. This article analyses internal regional variation and shows that certain economic and social factors mitigated gender discrimination against newborn and/or young girls. In particular, the presence of wage labour opportunities for women and the prevalence of extended families in which different generations of women cohabited had beneficial effects on girls’ survival. Likewise, infant and child sex ratios were lower in dense, more urbanized areas.
Intensive community treatment and support “Youth Wraparound” service in Western Australia: A case and feasibility study
Authors: Smith Warwick , Sitas Michael , Rao Pradeep , Nicholls Craig , McCann Polly , Jonikis Tony , James Julian , Cohen Stephen , Ellis Jason , Waters Flavie 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundMultiple services are often needed to address the needs of young people with complex emotional or behavioural needs. The Youth Wraparound model of service aims to provide all health and supportive services from one coordinating agency. While this has been researched overseas, there are currently few examples of this described in the Australian psychiatric context.AimTo document the implementation and evaluation of a Youth Wraparound service which was provided to a young person with exceptionally complex and challenging needs for 6 months. A single‐case study design is presented with an evaluation of the clinical outcome and economic costs.MethodsWe present a description of the service context, principles of the model of care, implementation process, and an evaluation of service utilization data from health and child protection services and mental health records. A single‐case longitudinal design compared service utilization data obtained up to 3 years prior to treatment with data collected one and a half years since treatment commenced.ResultsThere were significant reductions in the number of admissions to emergency departments, mental health wards and secure units, and improvements in mental health and well‐being. Yearly average time in institutional settings reduced from 69% to 7%. Cost savings in health utilization were estimated at $2 326 790.ConclusionsThe Youth Wraparound model has the potential to offer improved clinical outcomes, significant cost savings over time, improved coordination between care providers, and an alternative to detention or incarceration.
Insect pollination is at least as important for marketable crop yield as plant quality in a seed crop
Authors: Fijen Thijs P. M. , Scheper Jeroen A. , Boom Timo M. , Janssen Nicole , Raemakers Ivo , Kleijn David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe sustainability of agriculture can be improved by integrating management of ecosystem services, such as insect pollination, into farming practices. However, large‐scale adoption of ecosystem services‐based practices in agriculture is lacking, possibly because growers undervalue the benefits of ecosystem services compared to those of conventional management practices. Here we show that, under representative real‐world conditions, pollination and plant quality made similar contributions to marketable seed yield of hybrid leek (Allium porrum). Relative to the median, a 25% improvement of plant quality and pollination increased crop value by an estimated $18 007 and $17 174 ha−1 respectively. Across five crop lines, bumblebees delivered most pollination services, while other wild pollinator groups made less frequent but nevertheless substantial contributions. Honeybees actively managed for pollination services did not make significant contributions. Our results show that wild pollinators are an undervalued agricultural input and managing for enhancing pollinators makes sense economically in high‐revenue insect‐pollinated cropping systems.
Variability in hardseededness and seed coat thickness of three populations of Desmanthus virgatus (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae)
Authors: Richard Geraldina Alicia , Zabala Juan Marcelo , Cerino María Carolina , Marinoni Lorena del Rosario , Beutel Mauro Exequiel , Pensiero José Francisco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDesmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. has significant fodder potential, but its seeds have high and persistent levels of physical dormancy which interfere with its field establishment. The purpose of this study was to analyse the variability of physical dormancy in three populations of seeds from humid and arid regions of Argentina, grown and collected in different years and locations. The hardseededness and the percentage of seeds with intact lenses after a softening treatment and the seed coat thicknesses were compared. The variability observed in the obtained percentages of hardseededness, intact lenses and seed coat thicknesses was related to the origin and the environment in which these seeds had developed. Although further work is needed, arid environments seem to favour the development of thicker seminal layers, being an important factor that determines the impermeable nature of the seeds in this species. This information is required for future genetic improvement programs and for understanding the evolutionary process of the populations of this species in different environments.
Associations between the mediterranean diet and sleep in older adults: Results from the hellenic longitudinal investigation of aging and diet study
Authors: Mamalaki Eirini , Anastasiou Costas A , Ntanasi Eva , Tsapanou Angeliki , Kosmidis Mary H , Dardiotis Efthimios , Hadjigeorgiou Giorgos M , Sakka Paraskevi , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Yannakoulia Mary 
Published: September 2018

AimAlthough there is some evidence of the relationships between sleep duration/quality and nutrient and/or food intake, the associations between sleep and dietary patterns have been poorly explored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate sleep duration and quality in relation to adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), and to investigate the sex‐ and age‐specific associations in a population‐representative cohort of older adults.MethodsParticipants from the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet were included. The sample consisted of 1639 adults aged ≥65 years. Sleep duration and quality were assessed through a self‐report questionnaire, whereas adherence to the MeDi was evaluated by an a priori score.ResultsSleep quality was positively associated with the MeDi in the unadjusted and the adjusted model (age, sex, depression, years of education, body mass index, level of physical activity and total energy intake were added as covariates). In contrast, sleep duration was not associated with MeDi adherence either in the unadjusted or the adjusted models. In relation to the age‐related associations, sleep quality was positively associated with MeDi adherence in those aged ≤75 years, and not in those aged >75 years. Associations between sleep and MeDi did not differ between men and women.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that sleep quality is associated with MeDi adherence in older adults; there are also age‐specific associations between sleep quality and the MeDi. Although additional studies are required, improvements in diet quality should be considered in the context of sleep management interventions in older individuals. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1543–1548.
Retrieving Groundwater Depletion and Drought in the Tigris‐Euphrates Basin Between 2003 and 2015
Authors: Chao Nengfang , Luo Zhicai , Wang Zhengtao , Jin Taoyong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractQuantitative estimates of the groundwater depletion and droughts in the Tigris‐Euphrates Basin (TEB) can be useful for sustainably managing its water resources. Here, data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission are used to infer the monthly changes in the total water storage of the TEB from January 2003 to December 2015. Additionally, the data of altimetry and output from land surface models are used to remove the contributions from lake water changes and other hydrological factors to obtain the total groundwater depletion (TGWD), human‐driven groundwater depletion (HGWD), and climate‐driven groundwater depletion. We conclude that an alarming rate of decrease in the total water storage and the loss of TGWD have an “accelerating” trend, as the trend during 2007 to 2015 was 3.6 times that during 2003 to 2006. Moreover, the HGWD is 116.09 Gt, which accounts for 98% of the TGWD. Finally, the total storage deficit index (TSDI) is derived from the GRACE data to characterize the drought of the TEB. The results show that TSDI agrees well with the actual drought rather than the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and that the TEB has been undergoing a severe drought since September 2007 according to both the TSDI and PDSI. The research in this study provides an effective and unique method for understanding the hydrological processes and sustainable use of water resources in regions or countries with little data, which is essential for more efficient, sustainable, and cross‐boundary cooperative water resource management.
Plastic yielding of glass in high‐pressure torsion apparatus
Authors: Ding Linfeng , Kerber Michael , Kunisch Clemens , Kaus Boris J. P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHardness measurements performed at room temperature have demonstrated that glass can flow under elevated pressure, whereas the effect of high pressure on glass rheology remains poorly quantitated. Here, we applied a high‐pressure torsion apparatus to deform SCHOTT SF6® glass and attempted to quantitate the effect of pressure and temperature on the shear deformation of glass subjected to pressures from 0.3 to 7 GPa and temperatures from 25 to 496°C. Results show that the plastic yield deformation was occurring during the HPT experiments on the SF6 glass at elevated temperature from 350 to 496°C. The yield stress of SF6 glass decreases with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure. An extended Arrhenius model with one set of parameters, namely infinite yield stress Y0 = 0.17 ± 0.1 GPa, activation energy Ea = 4.8 ± 0.5 kJ/mol and activation volume Va = 1.4 ± 0.2 cm3/mol, can explain the experimental results well.
Heterogeneous firms, urban costs and agglomeration
Authors: Zhou Yiming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper explores how the interaction between firm heterogeneity, urban costs and transport costs determines spatial configuration across regions within a simple general equilibrium model. We shed light on how firm heterogeneity affects the centrifugal and centripetal forces and reshapes the spatial configuration of an urban space economy. We show analytically that an increase in firm heterogeneity increases the range in which a symmetric equilibrium is stable. In addition, full agglomeration is shown to be always sustainable, which complements existing results in literature.
Ropy exopolysaccharide‐producing Bifidobacterium longum YS108R as a starter culture for fermented milk
Authors: Yan Shuang , Yang Bo , Stanton Catherine , Ross Reynolds Paul , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBifidobacteria are generally inferior compared to traditional starter lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in terms of fermentation properties. The results of this study showed that the use of a ropy EPS producing strain Bifidobacterium longumYS108R during fermentation improved the physicochemical properties of fermented milk, including decreased whey syneresis and increased water‐holding capacity and apparent viscosity, however, another non‐ropy EPS producing strain B. longum C11A10B did not exert such effects. Furthermore, we found that synergistically fermented milk with YS108R and commercial starter could reduce the production of acetic acid, a metabolite of bifidobacteria, and scored better in terms of sensory evaluation, especially with regards to mouthfeel texture. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a single mutation in the protein‐tyrosine kinase gene of strain YS108R, which may relate to ropy phenotype. Our results indicate that ropy‐EPS producing B. longumYS108R is suitable as an adjunct culture for the manufacture of novel fermented dairy products.
Analytical method to detect adulteration of ground roasted coffee
Authors: Song Ha Yan , Jang Hae Won , Debnath Trishna , Lee Kwang‐Geun 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn this work, an HPLC‐based detection method for identification of coffee powder adulterated with roasted barley, wheat and rice powders was developed by using various chemical indices such as monosaccharides (mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose), trigonelline and nicotinic acid. As a quality assurance, the recovery efficiencies were 84.1%–90.2% for the monosaccharides, 113.6% for trigonelline and 114.9% for nicotinic acid. The limits of detection were 0.047–0.070 mmol kg−1 for the monosaccharides, 0.209 mg kg−1 for trigonelline and 0.117 mg kg−1 for nicotinic acid. The glucose concentration in coffee samples adulterated with roasted barley, wheat and rice at 99:1 (w/w) mixing ratio was significantly different from the control coffee sample. The limit of discrimination from adulterated coffee samples was 1% (w/w) when glucose was used as a chemical index (P < 0.05).
Pink grapefruit lycopene encapsulated in alginate‐based beads: stability towards freezing and drying
Authors: Aguirre Calvo Tatiana R. , Santagapita Patricio R. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAlginate‐based beads containing lycopene extract were produced with the addition of various sugars and biopolymers. In present work, lycopene stability was studied on beads subjected to thermal treatments: continuous freezing (−18 °C, 30 days), four freezing/thawing (f/t) cycles, dehydration by vacuum‐ and freeze‐drying. The progress of crystallisation was assessed using transversal relaxation times (T2) obtaining isothermal curves at different temperatures. Alginate beads containing trehalose with β‐cyclodextrin and arabic gum retained a high lycopene content (>80%) after freezing and drying, regardless of the freezing or drying method. Instead, beads containing only alginate showed sever lycopene decrease in all cases. Continuous freezing affected both lycopene content and stability to a higher extent than f/t cycles. Isothermal studies revealed the lower amount of crystallised water in beads containing trehalose (with or w/o other excipients), reducing also the time to arrive at the 50% of crystallisation during freezing.