bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning for EEG data analytics: A survey
Authors: Li Gen , Lee Chang Ha , Jung Jason J. , Youn Young Chul , Camacho David 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this work, we conducted a literature review about deep learning (DNN, RNN, CNN, and so on) for analyzing EEG data for decoding the activity of human's brain and diagnosing disease and explained details about various architectures for understanding the details of CNN and RNN. It has analyzed a word, which presented a model based on CNN and LSTM methods, and how these methods can be used to both optimize and set up the hyper parameters of deep learning architecture. Later, it is studied how semi‐supervised learning on EEG data analytics can be applied. We review some studies about different methods of semi‐supervised learning on EEG data analytics and discussing the importance of semi‐supervised learning for analyzing EEG data. In this paper, we also discuss the most common applications for human EEG research and review some papers about the application of EEG data analytics such as Neuromarketing, human factors, social interaction, and BCI. Finally, some future trends of development and research in this area, according to the theoretical background on deep learning, are given.
Hierarchical distance sampling to estimate population sizes of common lizards across a desert ecoregion
Authors: Furnas Brett J. , Newton D. Scott , Capehart Griffin D. , Barrows Cameron W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMultispecies wildlife monitoring across large geographical regions is important for effective conservation planning in response to expected impacts from climate change and land use. Unlike many species of birds, mammals, and amphibians which can be efficiently sampled using automated sensors including cameras and sound recorders, reptiles are often much more challenging to detect, in part because of their typically cryptic behavior and generally small body sizes. Although many lizard species are more active during the day which makes them easier to detect using visual encounter surveys, they may be unavailable for sampling during certain periods of the day or year due to their sensitivity to temperature. In recognition of these sampling challenges, we demonstrate application of a recent innovation in distance sampling that adjusts for temporary emigration between repeat survey visits. We used transect surveys to survey lizards at 229 sites throughout the Mojave Desert in California, USA, 2016. We estimated a total population size of 82 million (90% CI: 65–99 million) for the three most common species of lizards across this 66,830 km2ecoregion. We mapped how density at the 1‐km2scale was predicted to vary with vegetation cover and human development. We validated these results against independent surveys from the southern portion of our study area. Our methods and results demonstrate how multispecies monitoring programs spanning arid ecoregions can better incorporate information about reptiles.
Surgery is not the only determinant of an outcome in patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Smee Robert , Williams Janet R. , Kotevski Damian P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes in patients treated for hypopharyngeal carcinoma in a single‐center and the importance of considering how patient factors influence outcomes.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on patients who were seen at the Prince of Wales Hospital from 1968 to 2015. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed for each patient and treatment factor to investigate outcomes of local control, cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and ultimate local control.ResultsThree hundred thirty patients were analyzed. Significant multivariate predictors for improved local control and CSS were fitness for surgery, cancer operability, surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy, no treatment interruptions (P < .05). Five‐year local control (84%), CSS (50%), and ultimate local control (84%) rates were significantly higher in patients treated surgically with adjuvant radiotherapy, compared to single modality treatment (P < .05).ConclusionPatient factors influence the outcomes experienced by patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma.
Oligometastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with stereotactic body ablative radiotherapy: Single‐institution outcomes
Authors: Bates James E. , De Leo Alexandra N. , Morris Christopher G. , Amdur Robert J. , Dagan Roi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesWe analyzed outcomes after stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for oligometastatic (1‐5 metastatic foci) head‐and‐neck squamous cell carcinoma (OM‐HNSCC).Materials/MethodsWe reviewed patients treated between 2012 and 2016. Endpoints included overall survival (OS), distant progression, and treated‐metastasis local control (TM‐LC).ResultsWe analyzed 27 patients with 60 primarily metachronous metastases (81.5%). Median follow‐up was 1.6 years (0.2‐5.2). Median time from diagnosis to treatment was 1.1 years (0.08‐8.5). Overall, 44.4% had solitary, 44.4% had 2‐3, and 11.1% had >3 metastases; most metastases were in the lung (44 of 60 metastases). Median OS was 1.9 years; at 1 and 2 years, 78% and 43% were alive (14% without disease progression). Median time to progression was 0.5 years. The 1‐year and 2‐year TM‐LC rates were 75% and 57%.ConclusionsOS is encouraging and disease‐free survival remains poor; nevertheless, patients with OM‐HNSCC may represent a more favorable subset of patients with metastatic HNSCC.
Obesity Decreases Hepatic 25-Hydroxylase Activity Causing Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
Authors: Roizen Jeffrey D , Long Caela , Casella Alex , O'Lear Lauren , Caplan Ilana , Lai Meizan , Sasson Issac , Singh Ravinder , Makowski Andrew J , Simmons Rebecca , Levine Michael A 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Normal vitamin D homeostasis is critical for optimal health; nevertheless, vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide public health problem. Vitamin D insufficiency is most commonly due to inadequate cutaneous synthesis of cholecalciferol and/or insufficient intake of vitamin D, but can also arise as a consequence of pathological states such as obesity. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D (calcidiol) are low in obesity, and fail to increase appropriately after vitamin D supplementation. Although sequestration of vitamin D in adipose tissues or dilution of ingested or cutaneously synthesized vitamin D in the large fat mass of obese patients has been proposed to explain these findings, here we investigate the alternative mechanism that reduced capacity to convert parent vitamin D to 25(OH)D due to decreased expression of CYP2R1, the principal hepatic vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. To test this hypothesis, we isolated livers from female mice of 6 to 24 weeks of age, weaned onto either a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet, and determined the abundance of Cyp2r1 mRNA using digital droplet-quantitative PCR. We observed a significant (p &lt; 0.001) decrease in Cyp2r1 mRNA in the liver of high-fat diet–fed mice relative to lean-chow–fed female mice. Moreover, there was a significant (p &lt; 0.01) relationship between levels of Cyp2r1 mRNA and serum 25(OH)D concentrations as well as between Cyp2R1 mRNA and the ratio of circulating 25(OH)D3 to cholecalciferol (p &lt; 0.0001). Using linear regression we determined a curve with 25(OH)D3/cholecalciferol versus normalized Cyp2R1 mRNA abundance with an R2 value of 0.85. Finally, we performed ex vivo activity assays of isolated livers and found that obese mice generated significantly less 25(OH)D3 than lean mice (p &lt; 0.05). Our findings indicate that expression of CYP2R1 is reduced in obesity and accounts in part for the decreased circulating 25(OH)D. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Valorisation of sugarcane molasses for the production of microbial lipids via fermentation of two Rhodosporidium strains for enzymatic synthesis of polyol esters
Authors: Boviatsi Efthymia , Papadaki Aikaterini , Efthymiou Maria‐Nefeli , Nychas George‐John E , Papanikolaou Seraphim , da Silva José A C , Freire Denise M G , Koutinas Apostolis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBioprocess development for microbial oil production using cane sugar and sugarcane molasses via fermentation followed by enzymatic conversion into fatty acid esters is presented in this study.RESULTSMicrobial oil was initially evaluated in shake flask fermentations of Rhodosporidium toruloides NRRL Y‐27012 and R. kratochvilovae Y‐43 using either very high polarity (VHP) cane sugar or sugarcane molasses. Supplementation of phosphate salts, trace elements and nitrogen sources in molasses‐based cultures influenced yeast growth and microbial oil production. R. kratochvilovae had different nutrient requirements than R. toruloides. Fed‐batch bioreactor cultures of R. toruloides in molasses‐based cultures without any phosphate salts and trace element supplementation led to a microbial oil concentration of 25 g L−1 and an intracellular lipid content of 61% (w/w). Nutrient supplementation influenced the fatty acid composition of microbial oils indicating that enrichment in oleic acid could be achieved (up to 65.1%). The microbial oil produced by R. toruloides was enzymatically converted into polyol esters with a conversion yield of more than 85% (w/w).CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that Rhodosporidium sp. can be cultivated in molasses for the production of oleic acid enriched microbial lipids by adjusting medium composition. The polyol esters derived from microbial lipids could be used as a renewable feedstock for oleochemical production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Viral CD229 (Ly9) homologs as new manipulators of host immunity
Authors: Angulo Ana , Cuenca Marta , Martínez-Vicente Pablo , Engel Pablo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family (SLAMF) of receptors plays crucial roles during innate and adaptive immune responses. The SLAMF member CD229 (Ly9, SLAMF3) is a homophilic receptor predominantly expressed on the surface of B and T cells. CD229 acts as a cosignaling molecule, regulating lymphocyte homoeostasis and activation. To promote viral replication and survival in their hosts, viruses have developed sophisticated mechanisms to combat and avoid immune surveillance. Many of these strategies rely on host defense genes captured during the process of virus–host coevolution. In particular, large DNA viruses devote a wide range of proteins to interfere with almost every host immune pathway. Given that CD229 is critically involved in regulating immune responses, it is not surprising that viruses have designed tactics to mimic or interfere with this receptor. The discovery, in recent years, that some viruses have hijacked CD229 genes from their hosts, incorporating them as an integral part of their genomes, or have evolved proteins to directly target CD229, indicates that this is the case. While it is still an emerging area of research, the present review discusses these viral molecules and their potential in immune modulation. A more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of action and the functional implications of these new viral CD229 mimics may not only provide seminal information on viral immune evasion mechanisms but also, unveil unrecognized aspects of CD229 immune functions.
Regulation of leukocyte function by citric acid cycle intermediates
Authors: Patil Naeem K , Bohannon Julia K , Hernandez Antonio , Patil Tazeen K , Sherwood Edward R 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Cellular metabolism is a means of generating ATP to provide energy for key cellular functions. However, recent research shows that citric acid cycle intermediates target vital cellular functions of the innate immune system. Succinate, itaconate, citrate, and fumarate have been shown to mediate or regulate important myeloid cell functions during infection and inflammation. This review covers the regulatory functions of citric acid cycle intermediates in myeloid cells and discusses potential translational applications, key mechanistic questions, and future research directions.
Ultrastructure of spider thread anchorages
Authors: Wirth Marina , Wolff Jonas O. , Appel Esther , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSpiders attach silken threads to substrates by means of glue‐coated nanofibers (piriform silk), spun into disc‐like structures. The organization and ultrastructure of this nano‐composite silk are largely unknown, despite their implications for the biomechanical function and material properties of thread anchorages. In this work, the ultrastructure of silken attachment discs was studied in representatives of four spider families with Transmission Electron Microscopy to facilitate a mechanistic understanding of piriform silk function across spiders. Based on previous findings from comparative studies of piriform silk gland morphology, we hypothesized that the fibre‐glue proportion of piriform silk differs in different spiders, while the composition of fibre and glue fractions is consistent. Results confirmed large differences in the relative proportion of glue with low amounts in the orb weaver Nephila senegalensis (Araneidae) and the hunting spider Cupiennius salei (Ctenidae), larger amounts in the cobweb spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Theridiidae) and a complete reduction of the fibrous component in the haplogyne spider Pholcus phalangioides (Pholcidae). We rejected our hypothesis that glue ultrastructure is consistent. The glue is a colloid with polymeric and fluid fractions that strongly differ in proportions and assembly. We further confirmed that in all species studied both dragline and piriform silk fibres do not make contact with the environmental substrate. Instead, adhesion is established by a thin dense skin layer of the piriform glue. These results advance our understanding of piriform silk function and the interspecific variation of its properties, which is significant for spider biology, web function and the bioengineering of silk.
“Mistakes Can be Beautiful”: Creative Engagement in Arts Integration for Early Adolescent Learners
Authors: Anderson Ross C. , Haney Michele , Pitts Christine , Porter Lorna , Bousselot Tracy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study we explored students’ perspectives and experiences engaging in an arts integration learning model during middle school through a pluralistic lens of creative engagement in learning. The sample included N = 86 students in Grades 6–7 attending schools in fringe rural and urban locales from small and mid‐sized cities in the Pacific Northwest. We used a grounded theory approach to explore how creative engagement takes shape for the early adolescent learner. Our conceptual framework integrated intrapsychological (inward) processes with interpsychological (outward) exchange in the social environment of an arts integrated classroom. Schools involved in the study were part of a larger mixed‐methods research investigation and received intensive support for school‐wide arts integration development. We found that students valued opportunities in arts integration for (a) choice, (b) the expression of their unique interpretations, (c) taking risks and making mistakes, (d) recognizing and applying their Studio Habits of Mind, and (e) enhancement of motivation and engagement in learning. The need for competency, belonging, and autonomy were important conditions of the learning environment and the need for meaning‐making was paramount in the process of creative engagement.
Evaluation of the catocene/graphene oxide nanocomposite catalytic activity on ammonium perchlorate thermal decomposition
Authors: Sa'at Maryam , Yarmohammadi Masoud , Zamani Pedram Mona , Shahidzadeh Mansour , Amini‐Fazl Mohammad Sadegh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA novel nanocomposite catalyst for thermal degradation of the ammonium perchlorate (AP) has been synthesized, and its effect on the thermal behavior of AP has been investigated. Preparation of the catalyst was carried out via functionalization of the graphene oxide with phenyl isocyanate and its noncovalent bonding to catocene. The catalytic activity of the catalyst was studied by thermal gravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry at various heating rates. In addition, the effect of the catalyst on the AP thermal decomposition has been investigated by Kissinger and Friedman methods as two model‐free methods for calculation of the activation energy parameter. According to the Kissinger method calculations, the Ea of AP decomposition reduced about 151 kJ⋅mol−1 lower than the reported value for pure AP in the presence of the catalyst. Calculation of the Ea value for various reaction conversion rates by the Friedman method also confirmed the Kissinger method results.
SMPD1 mutations, activity, and α‐synuclein accumulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Alcalay Roy N. , Mallett Victoria , Vanderperre Benoît , Tavassoly Omid , Dauvilliers Yves , Wu Richard Y.J. , Ruskey Jennifer A. , Leblond Claire S. , Ambalavanan Amirthagowri , Laurent Sandra B. , Spiegelman Dan , Dionne‐Laporte Alexandre , Liong Christopher , Levy Oren A. , Fahn Stanley , Waters Cheryl , Kuo Sheng‐Han , Chung Wendy K. , Ford Blair , Marder Karen S. , Kang Un Jung , Hassin‐Baer Sharon , Greenbaum Lior , Trempe Jean‐Francois , Wolf Pavlina , Oliva Petra , Zhang Xiaokui Kate , Clark Lorraine N. , Langlois Melanie , Dion Patrick A. , Fon Edward A. , Dupre Nicolas , Rouleau Guy A. , Gan‐Or Ziv 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground
SMPD1 (acid‐sphingomyelinase) variants have been associated with Parkinson's disease in recent studies. The objective of this study was to further investigate the role of SMPD1 mutations in PD.Methods
SMPD1 was sequenced in 3 cohorts (Israel Ashkenazi Jewish cohort, Montreal/Montpellier, and New York), including 1592 PD patients and 975 controls. Additional data were available for 10,709 Ashkenazi Jewish controls. Acid‐sphingomyelinase activity was measured by a mass spectrometry‐based assay in the New York cohort. α‐Synuclein levels were measured in vitro following CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout and siRNA knockdown of SMPD1 in HeLa and BE(2)‐M17 cells. Lysosomal localization of acid‐sphingomyelinase with different mutations was studied, and in silico analysis of their effect on acid‐sphingomyelinase structure was performed.Results
SMPD1 mutations were associated with PD in the Ashkenazi Jewish cohort, as 1.4% of PD patients carried the p.L302P or p.fsP330 mutation, compared with 0.37% in 10,709 Ashkenazi Jewish controls (OR, 3.7; 95%CI, 1.6‐8.2; P = 0.0025). In the Montreal/Montpellier cohort, the p.A487V variant was nominally associated with PD (1.5% versus 0.14%; P = 0.0065, not significant after correction for multiple comparisons). Among PD patients, reduced acid‐sphingomyelinase activity was associated with a 3.5‐ to 5.8‐year earlier onset of PD in the lowest quartile versus the highest quartile of acid‐sphingomyelinase activity (P = 0.01‐0.001). We further demonstrated that SMPD1 knockout and knockdown resulted in increased α‐synuclein levels in HeLa and BE(2)‐M17 dopaminergic cells and that the p.L302P and p.fsP330 mutations impair the traffic of acid‐sphingomyelinase to the lysosome.ConclusionsOur results support an association between SMPD1 variants, acid‐sphingomyelinase activity, and PD. Furthermore, they suggest that reduced acid‐sphingomyelinase activity may lead to α‐synuclein accumulation. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Efficiency enhancement of cross cancellation power amplifier using negative group delay circuit
Authors: Joeng Junhyung , Chaudhary Girdhari , Jeong Yongchae 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, a cross cancellation power amplifier (CCPA) with negative group delay circuits (NGDCs) for an efficiency enhancement is proposed. The proposed CCPA with NGDCs consists of a balanced power amplifier (BPA), NGDCs, error amplifier, small signal amplifier, and magnitude/phase control circuits. The NGDC can remove delay elements of the conventional CCPA and improve output power and efficiency. The fabricated main BPA provides 44.37 dBm peak power, 71.3% drain efficiency, and 68% PAE at 2.14 GHz. The drain efficiency of the proposed CCPA with NGDCs is improved by 6.7% than the conventional CCPA. Moreover, adjacent channel leakage ratios of CCPA with NGDCs are improved by 12.2, 18.9, 17.7, and 14.2 dB at −10, −5, +5, and +10 MHz offset points with the WCDMA 4‐FAs (20 MHz) signal, respectively.
Informative censoring by health plan disenrollment among commercially insured adults
Authors: Butler Anne M. , Todd Jonathan V. , Sahrmann John M. , Lesko Catherine R. , Brookhart M. Alan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeHealth plan disenrollment occurs frequently in commercial insurance claims databases. If individuals who disenroll are different from those who remain enrolled, informative censoring may bias descriptive statistics as well as estimates of causal effect. We explored whether patterns of disenrollment varied by patient or health plan characteristics.MethodsIn a large cohort of commercially insured adults (2007‐2013), we examined two primary outcomes: (a) within‐year disenrollment between January 1 and December 30, which was considered to occur due to patient disenrollment from the health plan, and (b) end‐of‐year disenrollment on December 31, which was considered to occur due to either patient disenrollment from the health plan or withdrawal of the entire health plan from the commercial insurance database. In yearly cohorts, we identified factors independently associated with disenrollment by using log‐binomial regression models to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsAmong 2 053 100 unique patient years, the annual proportion of within‐year disenrollment remained steady across years (range, 13% to 14%) whereas the annual proportion of end‐of‐year disenrollment varied widely (range, 8% to 26%). Independent predictors of within‐year disenrollment were related to health status, including age, comorbidities, frailty, hospitalization, emergency room visits, use of durable medical equipment, use of preventive care, and use of prescription medications. In contrast, independent predictors of end‐of‐year disenrollment were related to health plan characteristics including insurance plan type and geographic characteristics.ConclusionsDifferential risk of disenrollment suggests that analytic approaches to address selection bias should be considered in studies using commercial insurance databases.
Matrix‐Metalloprotease Resistant Mucin‐16 (MUC16) Peptide Mutants Represent a Worse Lung Adenocarcinoma Outcome
Authors: Patel Jay S. , Callahan Blake M. , Chobrutskiy Boris I. , Blanck George 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe relationship of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)–specific proteases and the mutant profile of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins (CECMPs) are examined.Experimental designMutant CECMPs are assessed with an automated application of a protease binding, amino acid–based, scoring database.ResultsMUC16 (Human Genome Organization symbol for mucin‐16 gene) mutants in particular are, more often than not, resistant to matrix‐metalloproteases (MMPs) commonly secreted by LUAD cells, and LUAD cases representing the MUC16, MMP resistant mutants have a worse outcome. Similar results are obtained for MUC16 mutants resistant to cathepsins, also commonly secreted by LUAD cells. Analyses also show that MUC16, MMP resistant peptide mutants have greater binding affinities to HLA‐A and HLA‐B when compared to MUC16, MMP nonresistant peptide mutants.ConclusionThese results provide a potential, novel biomarker for lung cancer progression, in particular, protease resistant MUC16 peptides; and suggest a possible mechanism of immune escape entailing the reduction of mutant peptides available for HLA class I binding.