bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debility, dependency and dread: On the conceptual and evidentiary dimensions of psychological torture
Authors: Cakal Ergun 
Published: November 2018

Background: Psychological torture is deployed to break and obliterate human resistance, spirit and personality, but it is rarely afforded sufficient attention. Deficiencies in conceptualising, documenting and adjudicating non-physical torture mean that it is frequently left undetected and uncontested by the public, media and the courts, bolstering impunity for its perpetrators. A review of the current literature to map conceptual and evidentiary shortcomings from an inter-disciplinary perspective is therefore warranted.
Method: The relevant texts were identified through a systematic full-text search of databases, namely HeinOnline, HUDOC, UNODS and DIGNITY´s Documentation Centre, with the keywords `psychological torture´, `mental pain and suffering´, `severity´, `humiliation´, `interrogation techniques´, and `torture methods´. The identified texts, limited to English-language journal articles, NGO reports, court-cases and UN documents from 1950 to date, were then selected for relevance pertaining to conceptual, evidentiary, technological and ethical critique provided therein.
Results/Discussion: Evidential invisibility, subjectivity of the suffering, and perceived technological control are the primary ways in which psychological torture methods are designed, and how they manage to evade prosecution and consequently be perpetuated. Cognisant of the need for further research, pertinent questions highlighting the need to develop approaches, sharpen standards and use a medical/psychological/legal interdisciplinary approach are suggested.
Game over: cartas, rol y comida
Authors: Badía Climent Sara , Alemany Martínez Amparo 
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo propone tres actividades de carácter gamificado y experiencial para las clases de E/LE enfocadas a un nivel A1+: un juego de cartas basado en el Cards Against Humanity(2011), una cata de comida inspirada en Master Chefy un juego de rol mediatizado a través de la plataforma Classcraft(2016). Estas están destinadas a reforzar contenidos gramaticales y léxicos como los adjetivos y la flexión de género, los usos de datos personales o la construcción de oraciones simples. Además de ello, el carácter flexible de estas actividades permite trabajar conlos componentes interculturales, socioculturales y afectivos.
¡No sé si reír o llorar! Secuencia de actividades verbo-tonales para la pronunciación del español
Authors: Muñoz Ruiz Paula , González Gonzálvez Ana , García Gómez Lara 
Published: November 2018

En este artículo se pretenden desarrollar una serie de actividades verbo-tonales dirigidas a estudiantes sinohablantes, que poseen determinadas desventajas lingüísticas respecto al español. Por una parte, se plantea favorecer la expresión y reconocimiento de las emociones, mientras que por otra parte se pretende fomentar la práctica del sonido [r]. La propuesta didáctica se compone de tres fases donde primero se presentan y practican las entonaciones del español, después se tratan las emociones asociadas con colores en base a la película Del revés (favoreciendo primero la destreza de comprensión auditiva y, después, la expresión oral). En la última fase los estudiantes ponen en práctica lo visto anteriormente a través de un juego lúdico. Así, con esta sesión didáctica, se pretende favorecer la competencia léxica, gramatical y pragmática-kinésicaque afecta a este colectivo en parte debido a motivos socioculturales.
Textos eficaces, alumnos felices: técnicas y reflexiones para mejorar la competencia discursiva de los aprendientes de E/LE
Authors: Muñoz Pérez Julián 
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar a los profesores de E/LE una serie de herramientas para que sus alumnos puedan ejercitar su competencia discursiva con los textos que reciben y producen. Estas técnicas responden a un enfoque didáctico basado en los textos y en los géneros discursivos, sensible a las diferencias que pueden dificultar la comprensión y la expresión del alumno no nativo, ya sean de orden intercultural (en el plano retórico) o lingüístico (en el manejo del repertorio de los dispositivos léxico-gramaticales que articulan los textos). Presentaremos una justificación teórica de nuestro enfoque y cuatro propuestas de actividades para los niveles A2-C2 del Marco Común Europeo de Referencia(MCER), centradas en la estructura de los géneros discursivos, la cohesión léxica y la coherencia textual.
Cuestiones teóricas para la enseñanza de la vaguedad lingüística
Authors: Pardo Llibrer Adrià 
Published: November 2018

Este artículo estudia, desde un punto vista teórico, el problema de la vaguedad lingüística con vistas a posibles aplicaciones en el aula de e/le. De entrada, se define la noción de vaguedad lingüística; tanto desde una óptica filosófica (predicados difusos), como lingüística (la existencia de ciertos términos que modifican los valores de verdad de una proposición). Así, se sintetizan las principales teorías de la vaguedad, estableciendo una distinción operativa entre usos semánticos y pragmáticos de los denominados vaguificadores. Dichos usos pragmáticos pertenecen al nivel discursivo y funcionan dentro de estrategias propias de la atenuación lingüística. Pensamos que estas indicaciones modulares no son incompatibles con la enseñanza de e/le, sino que pueden constituir una técnica que contribuya a la capacidad metalingüística del alumnado.
La variedad lingüística y el cine. Un recurso didáctico para la clase de E/LE
Authors: Roselló Verdeguer Jorge 
Published: November 2018

En el presente trabajo realizamos una propuesta didáctica sobre la variación lingüística y cultural tomando como base la película Terrados(2011). Para ello, seleccionamos algunos diálogos de la película con el fin de trabajar sobre las variedades dialectales (interferencias entre español y catalán), las variedades sociales (edad o nivel sociocultural) y, especialmente, los registros (español coloquial). A continuación, también proponemos algunas reflexiones sobre temas sociales en la España actual (la crisis económica, el desempleo, la utilidad de los estudios universitarios, etc.).
Marcadores discursivos: apréndelos y tradúcelos
Authors: Salameh Jiménez Shima 
Published: November 2018

La enseñanza de los marcadores discursivos siempre presenta dificultades en la clase de E/LE: aprender un significado procedimental cuesta más que aprender uno conceptual. Traducirlos tampoco es fácil: no todos los marcadores discursivos tienen un equivalente directo en otras lenguas (Rossari 1990). Proponemos una serie de actividades para el aula del traductor alemán-español, dentro de un grupo heterogéneo de alumnos con un nivel de español medio-alto. Las actividades propuestas giran en torno a los distintos niveles lingüísticos con los que se caracteriza a los marcadores (prosódico, morfosintáctico, semántico y pragmático-discursivo). Con ellas, aprenderán a detectar marcadores discursivos en varios medios (escrito y oral) para traducirlos adecuadamente al español. Asimismo, se familiarizarán con nuevas actividades y herramientas de trabajo (Diccionario de Partículas Discursivas del Español–DPDE, Briz, Pons y Portolés 2008–; Corpus de Conversaciones Coloquiales Val.Es.Co. –Briz y grupo Val.Es.Co. 2002­–; Corpus Val.Es.Co. 2.0.–Cabedo y Pons 2013–).
Abrimos el telón al Teatro Clásico Español en la clase de E/LE
Authors: Souto Luz C. 
Published: November 2018

El siguiente artículo busca llevar el Teatro Clásico Español a los estudiantes de Español como Lengua Extranjera. Se propone, en primer lugar, un recorrido por los espacios teatrales del Siglo de Oro, deteniéndonos, especialmente, en los corrales de comedia. Desde allí, se continúa con la transformación que realizó el dramaturgo Lope de Vega y se plantean diferentes actividades en torno a la comedia La viuda valenciana. Finalmente, como cierre de telón del estudio, se formula una representación teatral en la que los estudiantes se sientan partícipes de la práctica escénica y de la cultura y la lengua española.
Characterization of vaginal microbiota in Thai women
Authors: Sirichoat Auttawit , Buppasiri Pranom , Engchanil Chulapan , Namwat Wises , Faksri Kiatichai , Sankuntaw Nipaporn , Pasomsub Ekawat , Chantratita Wasun , Lulitanond Viraphong 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe vaginal microbiota (VMB) plays a key role in women’s reproductive health. VMB composition varies with ethnicity, making it necessary to characterize the VMB of the target population before interventions to maintain and/or improve the vaginal health are undertaken. Information on the VMB of Thai women is currently unavailable. We therefore characterized the VMB in normal Thai women.MethodsVaginal samples derived from 25 Thai women were subjected to 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the Ion Torrent PGM platform.ResultsTwo groups of VMB were detected, lactobacilli-dominated (LD) and non-lactobacilli dominated (NLD) groups.Lactobacillus inerswas the most common species found in the LD group whileGardnerella vaginalisfollowed byAtopobium vaginaeandPseudumonas stutzeriwere commonly found in the NLD group.ConclusionsThe VMB patterns present in normal Thai women is essential information to further determine the factors associated with VMB patterns in vaginal health and disease and to develop proper management of reproductive health of Thai women.
Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free Catalysts for Key Reactions Involved in Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Zhao Shenlong , Wang Da‐Wei , Amal Rose , Dai Liming 
Published: November 2018

AbstractElectrocatalysts are key for renewable energy technologies and other important industrial processes. Currently, noble metals and metal oxides are the most widely used catalysts for electrocatalysis. However, metal‐based catalysts often suffer from multiple disadvantages, including high cost, low selectivity, poor durability, impurity poisoning and fuel crossover effects, and detrimental effects on the environment. Therefore, carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts have received increasing interest as promising electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion and storage. Recently, tremendous progress has been achieved in the development of low‐cost, efficient carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts for renewable energy technologies and beyond. Here, a concise, but comprehensive and critical, review of recent advances in the field of carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts is provided. A brief overview of various reactions involved in renewable energy conversion and storage, including the oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, and bifunctional/multifunctional electrocatalysis, along with some challenges and opportunities, is presented.
Structurally Controlled Cellular Architectures for High‐Performance Ultra‐Lightweight Materials
Authors: Yeo Seon Ju , Oh Min Jun , Yoo Pil J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe design and synthesis of cellular structured materials are of both scientific and technological importance since they can impart remarkably improved material properties such as low density, high mechanical strength, and adjustable surface functionality compared to their bulk counterparts. Although reducing the density of porous structures would generally result in reductions in mechanical properties, this challenge can be addressed by introducing a structural hierarchy and using mechanically reinforced constituent materials. Thus, precise control over several design factors in structuring, including the type of constituent, symmetry of architectures, and dimension of the unit cells, is extremely important for maximizing the targeted performance. The feasibility of lightweight materials for advanced applications is broadly explored due to recent advances in synthetic approaches for different types of cellular architectures. Here, an overview of the development of lightweight cellular materials according to the structural interconnectivity and randomness of the internal pores is provided. Starting from a fundamental study on how material density is associated with mechanical performance, the resulting structural and mechanical properties of cellular materials are investigated for potential applications such as energy/mass absorption and electrical and thermal management. Finally, current challenges and perspectives on high‐performance ultra‐lightweight materials potentially implementable by well‐controlled cellular architectures are discussed.
Neandertal features of the deciduous and permanent teeth from Portel‐Ouest Cave (Ariège, France)
Authors: Becam Gaël , Chevalier Tony 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe describe 14 unpublished and nine published teeth from the Mousterian level of Portel‐Ouest (Ariège, France), dated to 44 ka. In a comparative context, we explore the taxonomical affinities of those teeth with Neandertals and modern humans which are both known to exist at that time. We further make some paleobiological inferences about this human group.MethodsThe comparative analysis of Neandertals and modern humans is based on nonmetric traits at the outer enamel surface and the enamel–dentine junction, crown diameters and three‐dimensional (3D) enamel thickness measurements of lower permanent teeth. The crown and roots are explored in detail based on the μCT‐scan data to identify the multiple criteria involved in the paleobiological approach.ResultsNonmetric traits and 3D enamel thickness tend to be more similar to Neandertals than modern humans, notably for C1, P4, and M2 (included in all analyses) as well as volume of the pulp cavity in roots of the anterior permanent teeth. The Portel‐Ouest sample corresponds to a minimum of seven juveniles, one or two adolescents and one adult, which exhibit recurrent linear enamel hypoplasia (up to five events for one individual), the torsiversion of one anterior tooth and irregular oblique wear in some anterior deciduous teeth.DiscussionThis morphological study confirms that the remains from Portel‐Ouest are Neandertals, associated with a Mousterian complex. Furthermore, we found the expected pattern of mortality and stress for a Neandertal group, that is, various age categories and developmental defects (nonexclusive to Neandertals), while adults are underrepresented and juveniles are overrepresented. Further excavations would contribute finding new remains and maybe complete this demographic profile.
Trabecular bone functional adaptation and sexual dimorphism in the human foot
Authors: Saers Jaap P. P. , Ryan Timothy M. , Stock Jay T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesTrabecular bone adapts to the strains placed upon the skeleton during life. Anthropological research has largely focused on linking variation in primate trabecular bone to locomotor mode, to provide a context for interpreting fossil morphology. However, intraspecific variation and its underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Trabecular bone is influenced by a variety of factors including body mass, age, diet, temperature, genetics, sex, and behavior. Before trabecular structure can be used to infer habitual behavior in the past, the effects of these factors need to be understood. In this article, we examine variation in trabecular structure in the human foot in four archaeological groups in relation to inferred levels of terrestrial mobility and sex.Materials and methodsWe use high‐resolution μCT scanning to examine variation in trabecular structure in the human calcaneus, talus, and first metatarsal in two relatively mobile and two relatively sedentary archaeological groups.ResultsThe four population samples show similar patterns of trabecular variation throughout the foot, influenced by mechanical loading. Greater inferred terrestrial mobility is associated with greater bone volume fraction and thicker, more widely spaced, and less interconnected trabeculae. However, contrary to diaphyseal rigidity, only limited sexual dimorphism was found in trabecular structure.DiscussionThis work demonstrates that trabecular bone may serve as a useful proxy of habitual behavior in the fossil and archaeological record when other factors are carefully considered. However, the mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism are not well understood. As such, inferring sex differences in habitual behavior is currently challenging.
Indirect CO2 Methanation: Hydrogenolysis of Cyclic Carbonates Catalyzed by Ru‐Modified Zeolite Produces Methane and Diols
Authors: Lee Wei‐Tse , van Muyden Antoine P. , Bobbink Felix D. , Huang Zhangjun , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe report a ruthenium‐modified zeolite which efficiently transforms propylene carbonate to propylene glycol and methane, under solvent‐free conditions. The catalyst achieved high product selectivity and no significant ageing effect was observed after multiple cycles. The resulting liquid product (water‐containing glycol) can be directly used as anti‐freeze solution and the gas phase can directly be used as an energy carrier in the form of H2‐enriched methane. This process efficiently bridges energy storage and an important chemical synthesis under sustainable (CO2 consuming) conditions.
Synthesis, molecular modeling studies, and anticonvulsant evaluation of novel 1‐((2‐hydroxyethyl)(aryl)amino)‐N‐substituted cycloalkanecarboxamides and their acetate esters
Authors: Aboul‐Enein Mohamed N. , El‐Azzouny Aida A. , Amin Kamilia M. , Aboutabl Mona E. , Abo‐Elmagd Mai I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA series of 1‐((2‐hydroxyethyl)(aryl)amino)‐N‐substituted cycloalkanecarboxamides IXa–l and their acetate esters Xa–l were designed and synthesized as new anticovulsant agents. The evaluation of the anticonvulsant effect was performed in vivo by subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) tests in mice. Further, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and acute toxicity were determined. All the new candidates displayed 100% anticonvulsant activity in the scPTZ screen in the dose range of 0.0057–0.283 mmol/kg. The most potent compounds in the scPTZ screen were Xh (ED50 = 0.0012 mmol/kg), Xd (ED50 = 0.002 mmol/kg), Xf (ED50 = 0.004 mmol/kg), IXj (ED50 = 0.0047 mmol/kg), Xl (ED50 = 0.0076 mmol/kg), and Xi (ED50 = 0.008 mmol/kg). They exhibited higher fold activity in the anticonvulsant potential than the gold standards, phenobarbital and ethosuximide. Compound Xf was active in both scPTZ and MES screens. It showed ED50 of 0.016 mmol/kg in MES screen. In the neurotoxicity screens, none of the test compounds displayed any minimal motor impairment at the maximum administered dose. The 3D pharmacophore model using Biova 1 Discovery Studio 2016 programs exhibited high fit value. The anticonvulsant evaluation results were compatible with the molecular modeling study.
Promotion of Calcium/Calmodulin‐Dependent Protein Kinase 4 by GLUT1‐Dependent Glycolysis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Koga Tomohiro , Sato Tomohito , Furukawa Kaori , Morimoto Shimpei , Endo Yushiro , Umeda Masataka , Sumiyoshi Remi , Fukui Shoichi , Kawashiri Shin‐ya , Iwamoto Naoki , Ichinose Kunihiro , Tamai Mami , Origuchi Tomoki , Nakamura Hideki , Kawakami Atsushi 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo clarify the significance of immunometabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to determine the effect of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase 4 (CaMK4) on T cell metabolism.MethodsMetabolomic profiling was performed using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry in naive T cells from MRL/lpr mice treated with anti‐CD3/CD28 antibodies in the absence or presence of a CaMK4 inhibitor (KN‐93). The expression of GLUT1 and CaMK4 in CD4+ T cells from healthy controls (n = 16), patients with inactive SLE (n = 13), and patients with active SLE (n = 14) was examined by flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In vitro experiments were performed to determine the effect of KN‐93 on the expression of GLUT1 during Th17 cell differentiation in T cells from patients with SLE.ResultsCaMK4 inhibition significantly decreased the levels of glycolytic intermediates such as glucose‐6‐phosphate, fructose‐6‐phosphate, fructose‐1,6‐diphosphate, pyruvate, and lactate (P < 0.05), whereas it did not affect the levels of the pentose phosphate pathway intermediates such as 6‐phospho‐d‐gluconate, ribulose‐5‐phosphate, ribose‐5‐phosphate, and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate. The expression levels of GLUT1 and CaMK4 in effector memory CD4+ T cells were significantly higher in patients with active SLE compared to healthy controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) and patients with inactive SLE (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). A functional analysis revealed that CaMK4 inhibition decreased the expression of GLUT1 during Th17 cell differentiation (P < 0.01), followed by a reduction of interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) production (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results of the study indicate that the activity of CaMK4 could be responsible for glycolysis, which contributes to the production of IL‐17, and CaMK4 may contribute to aberrant expression of GLUT1 in T cells from patients with active SLE.
A Study of the Interaction Between Cucurbit[8]uril and Alkyl‐Substituted 4‐Pyrrolidinopyridinium Salts
Authors: Xu Weitao , Kan Jinglan , Yang Bo , Prior Timothy J. , Bian Bing , Xiao Xin , Tao Zhu , Redshaw Carl 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe interaction between cucuribit[8]uril (Q[8]) and a series of 4‐pyrrolidinopyridinium salts bearing aliphatic substituents at the pyridinium nitrogen, namely 4‐(C4H8N)C5H5NRBr, where R=Et (g1), n‐butyl (g2), n‐pentyl (g3), n‐hexyl (g4), n‐octyl (g5), n‐dodecyl (g6), has been studied in aqueous solution by 1H NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry and mass spectrometry. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed the structure of the host–guest complexes for g1, g2, g3, and g5. In each case, the Q[8] contains two guest molecules in a centrosymmetric dimer. The orientation of the guest molecule changes as the alkyl chain increases in length. Interestingly, in the solid state, the inclusion complexes identified are different from those observed in solution, and furthermore, in the case of g3, Q[8] exhibits two different interactions with the guest. In solution, the length of the alkyl chain plays a significant role in determining the type of host–guest interaction present.
Analyses of Adsorption Behavior of CO2, CH4, and N2 on Different Types of BETA Zeolites
Authors: Henrique Adriano , Karimi Mohsen , Silva José A. C. , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of CO2, CH4, and N2 on three types of BETA zeolites were investigated at different temperatures and a defined partial pressure range from dynamic breakthrough experiments. The adsorbed amount followed the decreasing order of CO2 > CH4 > N2 for all studied materials. For the same ratio of SiO2/Al2O3, the Na‐BETA‐25 zeolite showed a higher uptake capacity than H‐BETA‐25, due to the presence of a Na+ cationic center. Comparing the same H+ compensation cation, zeolite H‐BETA‐25 expressed a slightly higher adsorption capacity than H‐BETA‐150. Regarding the selectivity of gases, based on their affinity constants, H‐BETA‐150 displayed the best ability. The adsorption kinetics was considered using the zero‐length‐column (ZLC) technique. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the interactions between adsorption parameters and to describe the process.