bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Management Protocol for Dental Implants Inserted in Patients with Active Lichen Planus. Part II 4‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Khamis Aya Khamis , Aboushelib Moustafa Nabil , Helal Mohamed Hamdy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate marginal bone loss (MBL) of dental implants inserted in active lichen planus patients.Materials and MethodsThe study included 59 subjects divided into 3 groups depending on their lichen planus diagnosis and administration of a low dose of corticosteroids: 17 healthy individuals, 20 controlled lichen planus patients controlled using low doses of systemic corticosteroids, and 22 noncontrolled lichen planus patients. During 4‐year follow‐up sessions MBL was evaluated, and biopsies were collected from lichen planus patients and examined. Two‐way ANOVA was used to analyze the data (α = 0.05).ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in MBL between healthy and controlled patients; however, noncontrolled patients exhibited increased MBL (F = 1309, p < 0.001) which reached 2.53 mm after 4 years. There were significant interactions between state of the disease (F = 1309, p < 0.001), evaluation time (F = 317, p < 0.001), and interaction between state of the disease and observation time (F = 159, p < 0.001). Histopathologic examination of collected biopsies revealed healthy tissue architecture of the controlled patients, while inflammatory cellular infiltration and signs of classical destructive tissue were observed for noncontrolled patients.ConclusionsLichen planus patients receiving dental implants should be controlled on a low‐dose of corticosteroids to prevent accelerated MBL and to reduce remission of clinical manifestations.
The Role of the Quality of College‐Based Relationship on Social Media in College‐to‐Work Transition of Korean College Students: The Longitudinal Examination of Intimacy on Social Media, Social Capital, and Loneliness
Authors: Sohn Youngmi , Woo Sungbum , Jo Duckhyun , Yang Eunjoo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the mediation effects of social capital on the associations between the quality of relationship, intimacy in particular, with college friends on social media and loneliness during college‐to‐work transition of Korean college students. Longitudinal data were collected from three surveys with a 6‐month interval. The first wave of the survey was completed by 521 participants; 110 graduates participated in the second wave, and 175 in the third wave. Latent growth modeling analysis revealed that the linear growth function produced a better fit than the no‐growth models for intimacy on social media, social capital, and loneliness. While intimacy on social media and bonding capital increased during the three‐time interval, bridging capital and loneliness decreased. In addition, the slope of intimacy on social media was positively related to the slopes of bridging and bonding capital, both of which, in turn, had a negative association with the slope of loneliness. These findings indicate the beneficial role of the quality of relationship on social media in college‐to‐work transition.
Causality between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: A meta‐analysis with bias analysis
Authors: Morrison Amy E. , Zaccardi Francesco , Khunti Kamlesh , Davies Melanie J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsA causal association of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains unproved. We aimed to quantify the likelihood of causality examining the sensitivity of observational associations to possible confounding.MethodsStudies investigating longitudinal associations of NAFLD with CVD or T2DM were searched on 5 June 2018. Study‐specific relative risks (RRs) were combined in random‐effects meta‐analyses and pooled estimates used in bias analyses.ResultsAssociations of NAFLD with CVD and T2DM were reported in 13 (258 743/18 383 participants/events) and 20 (240 251/12 891) studies respectively. Comparing patients with NAFLD to those without, the pooled RR was 1.48 (95% CI: 0.96, 2.29) for CVD and 2.17 (1.77, 2.65) for T2DM. In bias analyses, for an unmeasured confounder associated to both NAFLD and CVD with a RR of 1.25, the proportion of studies with a true (causal) effect of NAFLD on CVD surpassing a RR of 1.10 (ie, 10% increased risk of CVD in participants with NAFLD) was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.92) while for 75% increase, it was 0.36 (0.11, 0.62). Corresponding figures for T2DM were 0.97 (0.91, 1.00) for a 10% increased risk of T2DM in participants with NAFLD to 0.70 (0.49, 0.92) for a 75% increase.ConclusionsThe results of this study are strongly suggestive for a causal relationship between NAFLD and T2DM, while the evidence for a causal link between NAFLD and CVD is less robust. Therapeutic strategies targeting NAFLD are likely to reduce the risk of developing T2DM.
Education and service: how theories can help in understanding tensions
Authors: Cleland Jennifer , Durning Steven J 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThis paper reviews why tensions between service and education persist and highlights that this is an area of medical education research (MER) that, to date, lacks a robust body of theory‐driven research. After carrying out a review of the literature on service–education tensions in medical education and training, we turn to consider how theory can help provide new insights into service–education tensions.MethodsWe conducted a search of the literature on service–education tensions since 1998 to examine the use of theory in studies on this topic.ResultsWe identified 44 out of 603 relevant papers. Their focus fell into four broad categories: time residents spent on ‘service’ and ‘education’; perceptions of the balance between service and education; considerations of how best to define service and education, and the impact of structural and systems changes on education/training. Of the papers reporting primary research, the dominant methodology was the bespoke survey. Rarely were the precise natures of tensions or how different factors interact to cause tensions examined in detail.DiscussionThrough discussion and reflection, we then agreed on the applicability of four sociocultural theories for illuminating some examples of service–education tensions. We present four sociocultural theories: Holland's figured worlds, Kemmis et al.'s practice architectures, Lave and Wenger's situated learning and Engeström's cultural‐historical activity theory (CHAT or AT). We describe each and then briefly illustrate how each theory can support new ways of thinking and potential directions for research focusing on education–service tensions.ConclusionsThe use of theory in research studies will not resolve service–education tensions. However, what theory can do is illuminate and magnify different aspects of service–education tensions, to generate new insight and knowledge that can then be used to inform future research and changes in practice.
The gut microbiota and cardiovascular health benefits: A focus on wholegrain oats
Authors: Kristek A. , Schär M. Y. , Soycan G. , Alsharif S. , Kuhnle G. G. C. , Walton G. , Spencer J. P. E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExisting scientific data suggest that a high intake of wholegrain foods contributes to improved gut health and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Wholegrain oats are rich in dietary fibre and an important source of many bioactive components, including minerals, vitamins and phenolic compounds. The oat β‐glucans have been reported to lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol through their ability to increase the viscosity of intestinal chime, change the gut microbiota composition and increase the production of short‐chain fatty acids, which may contribute to the inhibition of hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Oats are also a rich source of phenolic acids, which are predominantly bound to cell wall polysaccharides through ester bonds. This bound state within oats means that phenolic acid bioavailability will largely be determined by interactions with the colonic microbiota in the large intestine. However, results from in vitro, animal and human studies have been inconsistent in relation to the impact of oats on the gut microbiota, possibly due to differences in experimental techniques and because compounds in oats, other than β‐glucans, have not been considered. This review focuses on the interaction of oat β‐glucans and phenolic acids with gut microbiota, and the subsequent link to cardiovascular health.
Luminol Chemiluminescence Reports Photodynamic Therapy‐Generated Neutrophil Activity In Vivo and Serves as a Biomarker of Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Davis Richard W. , Snyder Emma , Miller Joann , Carter Shirron , Houser Cassandra , Klampatsa Astero , Albelda Steven M. , Cengel Keith A. , Busch Theresa M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInflammatory cells, most especially neutrophils, can be a necessary component of the antitumor activity occurring after administration of photodynamic therapy. Generation of neutrophil responses has been suggested to be particularly important in instances when the delivered photodynamic therapy (PDT) dose is insufficient. In these cases, the release of neutrophil granules and engagement of antitumor immunity may play an important role in eliminating residual disease. Herein, we utilize in vivo imaging of luminol chemiluminescence to noninvasively monitor neutrophil activation after PDT administration. Studies were performed in the AB12 murine model of mesothelioma, treated with Photofrin‐PDT. Luminol‐generated chemiluminescence increased transiently 1 h after PDT, followed by a subsequent decrease at 4 h after PDT. The production of luminol signal was not associated with the influx of Ly6G+ cells, but was related to oxidative burst, as an indicator of neutrophil function. Most importantly, greater levels of luminol chemiluminescence 1 h after PDT were prognostic of a complete response at 90 days after PDT. Taken together, this research supports an important role for early activity by Ly6G+ cells in the generation of long‐term PDT responses in mesothelioma, and it points to luminol chemiluminescence as a potentially useful approach for preclinical monitoring of neutrophil activation by PDT.
Domestic agricultural value chain development and pro‐poor growth: A computable general equilibrium microsimulation application for the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Otchia Christian S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe economy of the Democratic Republic of Congo has gained momentum between 2003 and 2015, with a high annual growth rate of over 6%. However, poverty and employment outcomes were relatively poor, while inequality increased. This study uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) microsimulation model to study the pro‐poor effect of alternative growth strategy that is likely to strengthen the competitiveness of agro‐food products from the Congo. We experimented with three different scenarios: labor productivity growth, marketing efficiency, and transportation efficiency. The simulations demonstrated that improving the productivity of workers in agro‐food industries has not only produced strong relative pro‐poor effects, but also has the potential to lead to income convergence between rich and poor households. The analysis also revealed the underestimated contribution of agro‐food marketing and transportation efficiency. The major finding is that marketing efficiency favors the middle class. Efficiency gains in the transportation of agro‐food products generate strong pro‐poor effects in absolute and relative terms and are likely to be particularly effective in leading to income convergence. This policy has the potential not only to increase income and employment, but also to provide positive price impacts for both producers and consumers and benefits to all households, particularly low‐income households.
Unhappy Development: Dissatisfaction With Life on the Eve of the Arab Spring
Authors: Arampatzi Efstratia , Burger Martijn , Ianchovichina Elena , Röhricht Tina , Veenhoven Ruut 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite progress with economic and social development over several decades, life satisfaction was relatively low and declining in many developing Arab countries in the second half of the 2000s—a situation described in this paper as the “unhappy development” paradox. The paper empirically tests the direction and strength of association of a range of objective and subjective factors with subjective well‐being in the Middle East and North Africa in the years immediately preceding the Arab Spring uprisings (2009–10). The findings suggest a significant, negative association between life satisfaction levels and each of the main perceived grievances voiced during the 2011 uprisings—dissatisfaction with the standard of living, poor labor market conditions, and corruption in the form of nepotism or cronyism. The increased prevalence of dissatisfaction with the standard of living contributed the most to the decline in subjective well‐being during this period, followed by worsening labor market conditions manifested in increased unemployment and decline in self‐reported earnings. In addition, perceptions about corruption became more important for people’s life satisfaction, particularly in the Arab Spring countries where the uprisings were most intense.
Non‐suicidal Self‐injury Differentiates Suicide Ideators and Attempters and Predicts Future Suicide Attempts in Patients with Eating Disorders
Authors: Pérez Sandra , Ros Montserrat Cañabate , Folgado Jose E. Layron , Marco Jose H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed first to identificate psychopathological variables differentiating between suicide ideators, suicide attempters and patients without suicide ideation or attempts, and second to identificate better predictors of suicide attempts longitudinally.MethodWe compared suicide ideation, hopelessness, borderline symptoms, frequency, types, number of different non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) methods, intrapersonal and interpersonal functionality of NSSI in a sample of 238 patients with Eating Disorders (1) with no history of suicide ideation or suicide attempts (n = 150); (2) with recent suicide ideation (n = 65); and (3) with suicide attempts in the previous year (n = 23). In addition, we analyzed the predictive power of the mentioned variables over the number of suicide attempts 7 months after the first assessment.ResultsThe group of suicide attempters showed a major number of different methods of NSSI, higher frequency of NSSI, cutting, and more NSSI intra and interpersonal functions than the group of ideators. Unlike in previous studies, hopelessness did not differentiate between patients with ideation and suicide attempts. In addition, the best predictor of suicide attempts 7 months later was frequency of NSSI at T1 (N = 123).ConclusionsCutting, frequency and different methods of NSSI, intra and interpersonal functions were risk factors that differentiated ideators from attempters, being frequency of NSSI the best predictor of suicide attempts longitudinally. Thus, patients with ED with NSSI should be the focus of preventive interventions for suicidal behavior.
Dynamic thermal imaging on actinic keratosis patients: A preliminary study
Authors: Baek Yoo Sang , Kim Jaeyoung , Song Jin Young , Jeon Jiehyun , Oh Chil Hwan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of actinic keratosis (AK) based only on clinical findings can be misleading, and histopathological diagnosis results in scars. Dynamic thermal imaging is a potential non‐invasive tool for the diagnosis of AK. This imaging technique quantifies the infrared (IR) radiation emitted by a subject after exposure to external thermal stimuli, such as heat or cold.MethodsTwenty‐six histopathologically confirmed AK patients participated in the study. We compared the dynamic thermal images of AK lesions and normal skin (control sites). Temperature changes were plotted as a thermal response graph. After fitting exponential curves to the thermal response graph, the curve was converted to a logarithmic form.ResultsComparison of the early thermal response graphs of lesions and control sites showed faster thermal recovery of AK lesions. There was a significant difference in the gradient component of the calculated logarithmic equation between the AK lesions and control sites (P < 0.001).ConclusionDynamic thermal imaging can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for AK.
Rural water asset management practices in Ghana: the gaps and needs
Authors: Kumasi T. C. , Agbemor B. D. , Burr P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study evaluates primary and secondary data from two districts to assess the status of asset management practices, and to examine requirements for improved asset management. Asset inventory data shows that asset management practices in the districts are currently poor, leading to high rates of nonfunctionality and low service levels. The existing ‘fix on failure’ approach to water systems’ repair has become a common practice. However, many repairs which relied on ‘fix on failure’ were found to have delayed, often due to the length of time it takes to mobilise financial resources from ‘post‐paid’ water users. This paper contends that without an improved asset maintenance, system it is likely that rural water systems in Ghana will continue to provide unsustainable services. The Findings demonstrate that improving the current asset management practices is dependent on human and financial resources, access to timely water service monitoring data at district levels, and planning and budgeting regime to reflect life cycle costs of water systems.
Ethnobotany of Medicinal Plants Among Family Farmers: Therapeutic Itinerary in the South Plateau of Santa Catarina State
Authors: Patricia Patricia Fernandes , Pedro Pedro Boff 
Published: October 2018

European immigrants —and those mixed with native people called caboclos— keep in Southern Brazil therapeutic peculiarities derived from the experience with the biodiversity present in highland fields ecosystems, associated with araucaria forests. The study systematized the popular knowledge about herbal medicine practices adopted by family farmers in the South Plateau of Santa Catarina State. Semi-structured interviews were adopted for the collection of information. Also, indices were adopted as estimates. The knowledge of medicinal plants shared by family farmers of the region appears as a sociocultural heritage, which is still present in rural communities in spite of land changes and alterations in land use.
Migración y trabajo digno en la agricultura familiar del norte del Ecuador a lo largo del año 2016
Authors: Eche Enríquez David 
Published: October 2018

Obedeciendo los parámetros postulados en la agenda de trabajo decente de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), este estudio de investigación explora las condiciones laborales de la agricultura como los principales factores determinantes de la migración rural en tres regiones del norte del Ecuador. Con tal propósito, asume los enfoques de la agricultura familiar y de la juventud rural. Mediante métodoscualitativos y cuantitativos, se demuestra que la ausencia de trabajo decente incrementa la propensión de los agricultores a migrar y a la participación en nuevas actividades económicas, como la elaboración de artesanías y la venta de la mano de obra fuera de la finca. En tanto, la juventud rural considera que la precariedad laboral, los bajos ingresos económicos y la explotación laboral en la agricultura, así como la faltade empleo rural adecuado y digno, constituyen las principales causas de la migración y el abandono de la agricultura.
Heat Transfer Analysis of the Surface of a Nozzle Guide Vane in a Transonic Annular Cascade
Authors: Ragab Kasem Eid , El-Gabry Lamyaa 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In the current study, a numerical analysis was performed for the heat transfer over the surface of nozzle guide vanes (NGVs) using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The investigation has taken place in two stages: the baseline nonfilm-cooled NGV and the film-cooled NGV. A finite volume based commercial code was used to build and analyze the CFD models. The investigated annular cascade has no heat transfer measurements available; hence in order to validate the CFD models against experimental data, two standalone studies were carried out on the NASA C3X vanes, one on the nonfilm-cooled C3X vane and the other on the film-cooled C3X vane. Different modeling parameters were investigated including turbulence models in order to obtain good agreement with the C3X experimental data; the same parameters were used afterward to model the industrial NGVs.
Inclination Angle Optimization for “Inclined Projected Winglet Pair” Vortex Generator
Authors: Oneissi Mohammad , Habchi Charbel , Russeil Serge , Bougeard Daniel , Lemenand Thierry 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Vortex generators (VG) are widely used in multifunctional heat exchangers/reactors for augmenting the heat transfer from fin plates to the working fluid. In this study, numerical simulations for longitudinal VGs are performed for both laminar and turbulent flow regimes. The shear-stress transport (SST) κ–ω model is used for modeling turbulence. Inclination angle for a new streamlined VG configuration called inclined projected winglet pair (IPWP) was varied to study the effect of this angle on the heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to deduce the inclination angle effects on heat transfer, pressure drop, and vorticity from both local and global points of view. Such study highlights the optimization for this VG configuration for better heat transfer intensification, based on thermal enhancement factor (TEF). Finally, it is found that the VG with inclination angle ranging from 30 deg to 35 deg exhibits the best global performance compared to other inclination angles. This type of studies is important for the enhancement of the thermal performance of heat exchangers and static mixers in various engineering applications.
Experimental Investigation of a Thermosyphon With Microstructure on the Boiling Surface
Authors: Chai Y. , Tian W. , Tian J. , Jin L. W. , Meng X. Z. , Dang S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In recent years, a primary concern in the development of electronic technology is high heat dissipation of power devices. The advantages of unique thermal physical properties of graphite foam raise up the possibility of developing pool boiling system with better heat transfer efficiency. A compact thermosyphon was developed with graphite foam insertions to explore how different parameters affect boiling performance. Heater wall temperature, superheat, departure frequency of bubbles, and thermal resistance of the system were analyzed. The results indicated that the boiling performance is affected significantly by thermal conductivity and pore diameter of graphite foam. A proposed heat transfer empirical correlation reflecting the relations between graphite foam micro structures and pool boiling performance of Novec7100 was developed in this paper.