bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological phylogeny of Dictyopharidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)
Authors: Song Zhi‐Shun , Bartlett Charles R. , O'Brien Lois B. , Liang Ai‐Ping , Bourgoin Thierry 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo explore the phylogenetic basis of the current classification of Dictyopharidae, especially the relationships among the tribes of Dictyopharinae, we present the first cladistic analysis of this family based on 146 morphological characters of adults. Our analysis includes 104 of 125 recognized genera and subgenera within 12 extant tribes of Dictyopharinae, plus nine genera representing all four tribes of Orgeriinae. The results of this study support Dictyopharidae as a monophyletic group with Aluntiini sister to the remaining Dictyopharidae, but do not support Orgeriinae as sister to Dictyopharinae. Seven major lineages – Aluntiini, Arjunini, Hastini, (Taosini + Lappidini) + Nersiini, a Xenochasma+ complex (including ‘Orgeriinae’), Orthopagini, and Dictyopharini – are recovered in Dictyopharidae. The Xenochasma+ complex is proposed here and includes Xenochasma clade + (Scoloptini + ((Fernandea clade + Phylloscelini) + (Rancodini + [Capenini + Orgeriinae]))). Within this complex, some genera are of uncertain tribal placement, and the Orgeriinae are retained as a subfamily until a molecular phylogeny can confirm the results of this paper. The implied weighting analysis supports the monophyly of most tribes of Dictyopharinae (except Taosini), the sister‐group relationships of (Taosini + Lappidini) with Nersiini, and Orthopagini + Dictyopharini, and the current tribal classification for Dictyopharinae. Most Dictyopharinae genera fit their respective tribal affiliation, but some proposed changes are that Pharodictyon, Paramisia, Dictyopharoides s.s., Chondrophana, Sicoris, Chondrodire, and Tupala are provisionally placed in Hastini; Pukuakanga is moved into Nersiini; Sinodictya and Raphiophora are transferred into Orthopagini; and Chiltana, Litocras, and Viridophara are placed in Dictyopharini.
Novel functions of the Arabidopsis transcription factor TCP5 in petal development and ethylene biosynthesis
Authors: van Es Sam W. , Silveira Sylvia R. , Rocha Diego I. , Bimbo Andrea , Martinelli Adriana P. , Dornelas Marcelo C. , Angenent Gerco C. , Immink Richard G.H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe flowers of most dicotyledons have petals that, together with the sepals, initially protect the reproductive organs. Later during development petals are required to open the flower and to attract pollinators. This diverse set of functions demands tight temporal and spatial regulation of petal development. We studied the functioning of the Arabidopsis thaliana TCP5‐like transcription factors (TFs) in petals. Overexpression of TCP5 in petal epidermal cells results in smaller petals, whereas tcp5 tcp13 tcp17 triple knockout lines have wider petals with an increased surface area. Comprehensive expression studies revealed effects of TCP5‐like TFs on the expression of genes related to the cell cycle, growth regulation and organ growth. Additionally, the ethylene biosynthesis genes 1‐amino‐cyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) synthase 2 (ACS2) and ACC oxidase 2 (ACO2) and several ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS (ERFs) are found to be differentially expressed in TCP5 mutant and overexpression lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative PCR showed direct binding of TCP5 to the ACS2 locus in vivo. Ethylene is known to influence cell elongation, and the petal phenotype of the tcp5 tcp13 tcp17 mutant could be complemented by treatment of the plants with an ethylene pathway inhibitor. Taken together, this reveals a novel role for TCP5‐like TFs in the regulation of ethylene‐mediated petal development and growth.
Genomic adaptation of flowering‐time genes during the expansion of rice cultivation area
Authors: Itoh Hironori , Wada Kaede C. , Sakai Hiroaki , Shibasaki Kyohei , Fukuoka Shuichi , Wu Jianzhong , Yonemaru Jun‐ichi , Yano Masahiro , Izawa Takeshi 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe diversification of flowering time in response to natural environments is critical for the spread of crops to diverse geographic regions. In contrast with recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of photoperiodic flowering in rice (Oryza sativa), little is known about how flowering‐time diversification is structured within rice subspecies. By analyzing genome sequencing data and a set of 429 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) originating from 10 diverse rice accessions with wide distributions, we revealed diverse effects of allelic variations for common flowering‐time quantitative trait loci in the recipient's background. Although functional variations associated with a few loci corresponded to standing variations among subspecies, the identified functional nucleotide polymorphisms occurred recently after rice subgroup differentiation, indicating that the functional diversity of flowering‐time gene sequences was not particularly associated with phylogenetic relationship between rice subspecies. Intensive analysis of the Hd1 genomic region identified the signature of an early introgression of the Hd1 with key mutation(s) in aus and temperate japonica accessions. Our data suggested that, after such key introgressions, new mutations were selected and accelerated the flowering‐time diversity within subspecies during the expansion of rice cultivation area. This finding may imply that new genome‐wide changes for flowering‐time adaptation are one of the critical determinants for establishing genomic architecture of local rice subgroups. In‐depth analyses of various rice genomes coupling with the genetically confirmed phenotypic changes in a large set of CSSLs enabled us to demonstrate how rice genome dynamics has coordinated with the adaptation of cultivated rice during the expansion of cultivation area.
In vitroefficacy of a honey‐based gel against canine clinical isolates ofStaphylococcus pseudintermediusandMalassezia pachydermatis
Authors: Oliveira Ana M. P. , Devesa Joana S. P. , Hill Peter B. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundStaphylococcus pseudintermediusandMalassezia pachydermatisare important agents in canine pyoderma and otitis.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDetermine thein vitroefficacy of a honey‐based gel (HBO) against meticillin‐susceptibleS. pseudintermedius(MSSP), meticillin‐resistantS. pseudintermedius(MRSP) andM. pachydermatis,by minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and time‐kill assay (TKA). Efficacy of the product's honey component (HO) also was evaluated.MethodsSixtyS. pseudintermediusand 10 M. pachydermatiscanine isolates were selected. All isolates were tested against serial dilutions of anHBOcontaining 40%HO(40%, 20%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% w/v) andHOalone (undiluted, 40%, 20%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% w/v). Microbroth assay followed by subculture was used to determineMBCandMFC. The same protocol was applied after product exposure to catalase. A well‐diffusion assay forS. pseudintermediuswas used to generate inhibition zones. ATKAfor 10 isolates ofS. pseudintermediusand 10 isolates ofM. pachydermatiswas performed.ResultsMBCwas 20% w/v (5–20% w/v) forHBOandHO.HBOhad lowerMBCvalues when compared toHO(P = 0.003). No statistical difference was observed betweenMSSP/MRSPisolates (HBOP = 0.757,HOP = 0.743). OnlyHOwas affected by catalase (P = 0.015).MFCforHBOwas 10% w/v (5–10% w/v) and 40% w/v forHO(20–≥40% w/v). All isolates were killed after 4 h of exposure.Conclusions and clinical importanceStaphylococcus pseudintermediusandM. pachydermatisare susceptible to theHBOand these results can be used for future clinical trials.
Seventy Years of RN Effectiveness: A Database Development Project to Inform Best Practice
Authors: Lulat Zainab , Blain‐McLeod Julie , Grinspun Doris , Penney Tasha , Harripaul‐Yhap Anastasia , Rey Michelle 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe appropriate nursing staff mix is imperative to the provision of quality care. Nurse staffing levels and staff mix vary from country to country, as well as between care settings. Understanding how staffing skill mix impacts patient, organizational, and financial outcomes is critical in order to allow policymakers and clinicians to make evidence‐informed staffing decisions.AimsThis paper reports on the methodology for creation of an electronic database of studies exploring the effectiveness of Registered Nurses (RNs) on clinical and patient outcomes, organizational and nurse outcomes, and financial outcomes.MethodsComprehensive literature searches were conducted in four electronic databases. Inclusion criteria for the database included studies published from 1946 to 2016, peer‐reviewed international literature, and studies focused on RNs in all health‐care disciplines, settings, and sectors. Masters‐prepared nurse researchers conducted title and abstract screening and relevance review to determine eligibility of studies for the database. High‐level analysis was conducted to determine key outcomes and the frequency at which they appeared within the database.ResultsOf the initial 90,352 records, a total of 626 abstracts were included within the database. Studies were organized into three groups corresponding to clinical and patient outcomes, organizational and nurse‐related outcomes, and financial outcomes. Organizational and nurse‐related outcomes represented the largest category in the database with 282 studies, followed by clinical and patient outcomes with 244 studies, and lastly financial outcomes, which included 124 studies.Linking Evidence to ActionThe comprehensive database of evidence for RN effectiveness is freely available at https://rnao.ca/bpg/initiatives/RNEffectiveness. The database will serve as a resource for the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario, as well as a tool for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers for making evidence‐informed staffing decisions.
Reducing Emergency Room Visits and In‐Hospitalizations by Implementing Best Practice for Transitional Care Using Innovative Technology and Big Data
Authors: Hewner Sharon , Sullivan Suzanne S. , Yu Guan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundEfforts to improve care transitions require coordination across the healthcare continuum and interventions that enhance communication between acute and community settings.AimsTo improve post‐discharge utilization value using technology to identify high‐risk individuals who might benefit from rapid nurse outreach to assess social and behavioral determinants of health with the goal of reducing inpatient and emergency department visits.MethodsThe project employed a before and after comparison of the intervention site with similar primary care practice sites using population‐level Medicaid claims data. The intervention targeted discharged persons with preexisting chronic disease and delivered a care transition alert to a nurse care coordinator for immediate telephonic outreach. The nurse assessed social determinants of health and incorporated problems into the EHR to share across settings. The project evaluated health outcomes and the value of nursing care on existing electronic claims data to compare utilization in the years before and during the intervention using negative binomial regression to account for rare events such as inpatient visits.ResultsAvoiding readmissions and emergency visits, and increasing timely outpatient visits improved the individual's experience of care and the work life of healthcare providers, while reducing per capita costs (Quadruple Aim). In the intervention practice, the nurse care coordinator demonstrated the value of nursing care by reducing inpatient (25%) and emergency (35%) visits, and increasing outpatient visits (27%). The estimated value of avoided encounters over the secular Medicaid trend was $664 per adult with chronic disease, generating $71,289 in revenue from additional outpatient visits.Linking Evidence to ActionUsing health information exchange to deliver appropriate and timely evidence‐based clinical decision support in the form of care transition alerts and assessment of social determinants of health, in conjunction with data science methods, demonstrates the value of nursing care and resulted in achieving the Quadruple Aim.
A single exercise bout and locomotor learning after stroke: physiological, behavioural, and computational outcomes
Authors: Charalambous Charalambos C. , Alcantara Carolina C. , French Margaret A. , Li Xin , Matt Kathleen S. , Kim Hyosub E. , Morton Susanne M. , Reisman Darcy S. 
Published: March 2018

Key points
Previous work demonstrated an effect of a single high‐intensity exercise bout coupled with motor practice on the retention of a newly acquired skilled arm movement, in both neurologically intact and impaired adults.
In the present study, using behavioural and computational analyses we demonstrated that a single exercise bout, regardless of its intensity and timing, did not increase the retention of a novel locomotor task after stroke.
Considering both present and previous work, we postulate that the benefits of exercise effect may depend on the type of motor learning (e.g. skill learning, sensorimotor adaptation) and/or task (e.g. arm accuracy‐tracking task, walking).
AbstractAcute high‐intensity exercise coupled with motor practice improves the retention of motor learning in neurologically intact adults. However, whether exercise could improve the retention of locomotor learning after stroke is still unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of exercise intensity and timing on the retention of a novel locomotor learning task (i.e. split‐belt treadmill walking) after stroke. Thirty‐seven people post stroke participated in two sessions, 24 h apart, and were allocated to active control (CON), treadmill walking (TMW), or total body exercise on a cycle ergometer (TBE). In session 1, all groups exercised for a short bout (∼5 min) at low (CON) or high (TMW and TBE) intensity and before (CON and TMW) or after (TBE) the locomotor learning task. In both sessions, the locomotor learning task was to walk on a split‐belt treadmill in a 2:1 speed ratio (100% and 50% fast‐comfortable walking speed) for 15 min. To test the effect of exercise on 24 h retention, we applied behavioural and computational analyses. Behavioural data showed that neither high‐intensity group showed greater 24 h retention compared to CON, and computational data showed that 24 h retention was attributable to a slow learning process for sensorimotor adaptation. Our findings demonstrated that acute exercise coupled with a locomotor adaptation task, regardless of its intensity and timing, does not improve retention of the novel locomotor task after stroke. We postulate that exercise effects on motor learning may be context specific (e.g. type of motor learning and/or task) and interact with the presence of genetic variant (BDNF Val66Met).
The Industrial Internet and the Future of Work
Authors: Annunziata Marco , Biller Stephan 
Published: March 2018

This article focuses on the transformation and dimming lines between digital and physical worlds.
Industrial Internet tools and applications also help people collaborate in a faster and smarter way – making jobs not just more efficient but more rewarding. Technological progress and economic growth are contributing to a seismic shift in the role that human beings play in the production process. Technological progress, notably in high-performance computing, robotics, and artificial intelligence, is extending the range of tasks that machines can perform better than humans can. The Future of Work is being shaped by a profound transformation, driven by the meshing of the digital and the physical worlds, the emergence of new design and production techniques, and a seismic shift in the role that human beings play in the production process. Technological progress is expected to push a growing share of the workforce toward creativity and entrepreneurship, where humans have a clear comparative advantage over machines.
Human Group C Rotavirus VP8*s Recognize Type A Histo-Blood Group Antigens as Ligands
Authors: Sun Xiaoman , Wang Lihong , Qi Jianxun , Li Dandi , Wang Mengxuan , Cong Xin , Peng Ruchao , Chai Wengang , Zhang Qing , Wang Hong , Wen Hongling , Gao George F. , Tan Ming , Duan Zhaojun 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Group/species C rotaviruses (RVCs) have been identified as important pathogens of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children, family-based outbreaks, as well as animal infections. However, little is known regarding their host-specific interaction, infection, and pathogenesis. In this study, we performed serial studies to characterize the function and structural features of a human G4P[2] RVC VP8* that is responsible for the host receptor interaction. Glycan microarrays demonstrated that the human RVC VP8* recognizes type A histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), which was confirmed by synthetic glycan-/saliva-based binding assays and hemagglutination of red blood cells, establishing a paradigm of RVC VP8*-glycan interactions. Furthermore, the high-resolution crystal structure of the human RVC VP8* was solved, showing a typical galectin-like structure consisting of two β-sheets but with significant differences from cogent proteins of group A rotaviruses (RVAs). The VP8* in complex with a type A trisaccharide displays a novel ligand binding site that consists of a particular set of amino acid residues of the C-D, G-H, and K-L loops. RVC VP8* interacts with type A HBGAs through a unique mechanism compared with that used by RVAs. Our findings shed light on the host-virus interaction and the coevolution of RVCs and will facilitate the development of specific antivirals and vaccines.

IMPORTANCE
Group/species C rotaviruses (RVCs), members of
Reoviridae
family, infect both humans and animals, but our knowledge about the host factors that control host susceptibility and specificity is rudimentary. In this work, we characterized the glycan binding specificity and structural basis of a human RVC that recognizes type A HBGAs. We found that human RVC VP8*, the rotavirus host ligand binding domain that shares only ∼15% homology with the VP8* domains of RVAs, recognizes type A HBGA at an as-yet-unknown glycan binding site through a mechanism distinct from that used by RVAs. Our new advancements provide insights into RVC-cell attachment, the critical step of virus infection, which will in turn help the development of control and prevention strategies against RVs.
Effectiveness of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease integrated care pathway in a regional health system: a propensity score matched cohort study
Authors: Wu Christine Xia , Hwang Chi Hong , Tan Woan Shin , Tai Kai Pik , Kwek Lynette Siang Lim , Chee Thong Gan , Choo Yee Mun , Phng Francis Wei Loong , Chua Gerald Seng Wee 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) integrated care pathway (ICP) programme was designed and implemented to ensure that the care for patients with COPD is comprehensive and integrated across different care settings from primary care to acute hospital and home. We evaluated the effectiveness of the ICP programme for patients with COPD.Design, setting and participantsA retrospective propensity score matched cohort study was conducted comparing differences between programme enrolees and propensity-matched non-enrolees in a Regional Health System in Singapore. Data on patients diagnosed with COPD who enrolled in the programme (n=95) and patients who did not enrol (n=6330) were extracted from the COPD registry and hospital administrative databases. Enrolees and non-enrolees were propensity score matched.Outcome measuresThe risk of COPD hospitalisations and COPD hospital bed days savings were compared between the groups using a difference-in-difference strategy and generalised estimating equation approach. Adherence with recommended care elements for the COPD-ICP group was measured quarterly at baseline and during a 2-year follow-up period.ResultsCompared with non-enrolees, COPD hospitalisation risk for ICP programme enrolees was significantly lower in year 2 (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.73; 95% CI 0.54 to 1.00). Similarly, COPD hospital bed days was significantly lower for enrolees in year 2 (IRR: 0.78; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.95). ICP programme patients had sustained improvements in compliance with all recommended care elements for patients with COPD. The overall all-or-none care bundle compliance rate had improved from 28% to 54%.ConclusionThe study concluded that the COPD-ICP programme was associated with reductions in COPD hospitalisation risk and COPD health utilisation in a 2-year follow-up period.
A systematic review of interventions to support the careers of women in academic medicine and other disciplines
Authors: Laver Kate E , Prichard Ivanka J , Cations Monica , Osenk Ivana , Govin Kay , Coveney John D 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo summarise quantitative evaluations of interventions designed to support the careers of women in academia of any discipline.MethodA systematic search of English entries in PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar was conducted in September 2017. Methodological quality of the studies was independently assessed by two authors using the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal checklists. Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity in methods and outcomes; results were synthesised and displayed narratively.ResultsEighteen eligible studies were identified, mostly evaluating programmes in academic medicine departments. The most common interventions were mentoring, education, professional development and/or networking programmes. All programmes took a ‘bottom-up’ approach in that women were responsible for opting into and devoting time to participation. Study quality was low overall, but all studies reported positive outcomes on at least one indicator. Most often this included improvements in self-rated skills and capabilities, or satisfaction with the programme offered. Results regarding tangible outcomes were mixed; while some studies noted improvements in promotion, retention and remuneration, others did not.ConclusionsThis review suggests that targeted programmes have the potential to improve some outcomes for women in academia. However, the studies provide limited high-quality evidence to provide information for academic institutions in terms of the best way to improve outcomes for women in academia. The success of an intervention appears to be undermined when it relies on the additional labour of those it is intending to support (ie, ‘bottom-up’ approaches). As such, academic institutions should consider and evaluate the efficacy of ‘top-down’ interventions that start with change in practice of higher management.