bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty in cardiac myofiber orientation and stiffnesses dominate the variability of left ventricle deformation response
Authors: Rodríguez‐Cantano Rocío , Sundnes Joakim , Rognes Marie E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractComputational cardiac modelling is a mature area of biomedical computing and is currently evolving from a pure research tool to aiding in clinical decision making. Assessing the reliability of computational model predictions is a key factor for clinical use, and uncertainty quantification (UQ) and sensitivity analysis are important parts of such an assessment. In this study, we apply UQ in computational heart mechanics to study uncertainty both in material parameters characterizing global myocardial stiffness and in the local muscle fiber orientation that governs tissue anisotropy. The uncertainty analysis is performed using the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) method, which is a nonintrusive meta‐modeling technique that surrogates the original computational model with a series of orthonormal polynomials over the random input parameter space. In addition, in order to study variability in the muscle fiber architecture, we model the uncertainty in orientation of the fiber field as an approximated random field using a truncated Karhunen‐Loéve expansion. The results from the UQ and sensitivity analysis identify clear differences in the impact of various material parameters on global output quantities. Furthermore, our analysis of random field variations in the fiber architecture demonstrate a substantial impact of fiber angle variations on the selected outputs, highlighting the need for accurate assignment of fiber orientation in computational heart mechanics models.
Adaptive machine learning‐based alarm reduction via edge computing for distributed intrusion detection systems
Authors: Wang Yu , Meng Weizhi , Li Wenjuan , Liu Zhe , Liu Yang , Xue Hanxiao 
Published: January 2019

SummaryTo protect assets and resources from being hacked, intrusion detection systems are widely implemented in organizations around the world. However, false alarms are one challenging issue for such systems, which would significantly degrade the effectiveness of detection and greatly increase the burden of analysis. To solve this problem, building an intelligent false alarm filter using machine learning classifiers is considered as one promising solution, where an appropriate algorithm can be selected in an adaptive way in order to maintain the filtration accuracy. By means of cloud computing, the task of adaptive algorithm selection can be offloaded to the cloud, whereas it could cause communication delay and increase additional burden. In this work, motivated by the advent of edge computing, we propose a framework to improve the intelligent false alarm reduction for DIDS based on edge computing devices. Our framework can provide energy efficiency as the data can be processed at the edge for shorter response time. The evaluation results demonstrate that our framework can help reduce the workload for the central server and the delay as compared to the similar studies.
Catalytic Oxidation of Water to Dioxygen by Mononuclear Ru Complexes Bearing a 2,6‐Pyridinedicarboxylato Ligand
Authors: Hoque Md Asmaul , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Llobet Antoni , Gimbert‐Suriñach Carolina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe synthesis, purification, and isolation of mononuclear Ru complexes containing the tridentate dianionic meridional ligand pyridyl‐2,6‐dicarboxylato (pdc2−) of general formula [RuIII(pdc‐κ3‐N1O2)(bpy)Cl] (1III) and [RuII(pdc‐κ2‐N1O1)(bpy)2] (2II) (bpy is 2,2′‐bipyridine) is reported. These two complexes and their derivatives were thoroughly characterized through spectroscopic (UV/Vis, NMR) and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and coulometry) analyses, and three of the complexes were analyzed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. Under a high anodic applied potential, both complexes evolve towards the formation of Ru‐aquo/oxo derivative species, namely, [RuIII(pdc‐κ3‐N1O2)(bpy)(OH2)]+ (1‐O) and [RuIV(O)(pdc‐κ2‐N1O1)(bpy)2] (2‐O). These two complexes are active catalysts for the oxidation of water to dioxygen and their catalytic activity was analyzed through electrochemical techniques. A maximum turnover frequency (TOFmax)=2.4–3.4×103 s−1 was calculated for 2‐O.
Anorexia nervosa and perfectionism: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Dahlenburg Sophie C. , Gleaves David H. , Hutchinson Amanda D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveDespite the multitude of research surrounding anorexia nervosa (AN) and perfectionism, there is yet to be a thorough investigation comparing perfectionism in those diagnosed with AN and other eating disorders, and other psychiatric diagnoses. The current meta‐analysis aimed to explore these comparisons.MethodFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items or Systematic Reviews Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we identified empirical studies that compared maladaptive and/or adaptive perfectionism scores in those diagnosed with AN and either a non‐clinical comparison group, people diagnosed with a non‐AN ED, or people diagnosed with another psychological disorder (i.e., other DSM diagnoses). In total, we identified 23 studies, comprising 3,561 participants who were all female. Comparison groups extracted from the studies were a non‐clinical group, bulimia nervosa (BN) diagnosis group, and another psychological diagnostic group.ResultsWhen AN maladaptive perfectionism levels were compared against the comparison groups, the results showed that those diagnosed with AN were more perfectionistic compared to the non‐clinical group (g = 1.00), and the other psychiatric diagnosis group (g = 0.41). People diagnosed with AN also had higher levels of adaptive perfectionism levels compared to the non‐clinical group (g = 1.24). Comparisons between those diagnosed with AN and BN were statistically non‐significant for maladaptive perfectionism.DiscussionAlthough publication bias potentially affected the psychological diagnosis group comparisons, findings suggest that maladaptive perfectionism is a factor associated with both AN and BN.
Further support for diagnostically meaningful ARFID symptom presentations in an adolescent medicine partial hospitalization program
Authors: Zickgraf Hana F. , Lane‐Loney Susan , Essayli Jamal H. , Ornstein Rollyn M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify potential presentations of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in a pediatric eating disorder partial hospitalization program (PHP) based on the nature of the eating restriction leading to core symptoms of ARFID.MethodA retrospective chart review of 83 patients ages 8–17 admitted to a PHP and diagnosed with ARFID. Charts were independently reviewed by two coders, with high inter‐rater agreement (κ = 0.77). Distinct categories were identified and groups were compared on demographics, anthropometrics, comorbid psychopathology, and core ARFID symptoms.ResultsWe identified cases characterized by predominantly selective eating based on aversions to the sensory properties of foods, lack of interest in eating/low appetite, and fear of aversive consequences from eating. We also distinguished a subset of patients with eating restrictions consistent with both selectivity and limited interest/appetite. The four primary ARFID presentation groups differed on core ARFID criteria, symptom trajectory and illness duration, mood and medical comorbidities, age, gender, and parent‐reported symptoms of psychopathology.DiscussionThe present findings suggest that there are diagnostically meaningful ARFID subtypes that can be differentiated based on the nature of their eating restrictions, as well as other demographic, illness history features, and psychiatric comorbidity. As treatments for youth with ARFID are developed and refined, it will be important to take into consideration not only demographic differences, but also the variability in symptoms, as this might require distinct interventions and levels of care. Additionally, differing mechanisms that maintain different types of eating restrictions might necessitate unique psychological and psychiatric interventions.
Inducible pesticide tolerance in Daphnia pulex influenced by resource availability
Authors: Wuerthner Vanessa P. , Jaeger Jared , Garramone Paige S. , Loomis Connor O. , Pecheny Yelena , Reynolds Rachel , Deluna Lindsey , Klein Samantha , Lam Michael , Hua Jessica , Meindl George A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPesticides are a ubiquitous contaminant in aquatic ecosystems. Despite the relative sensitivity of aquatic species to pesticides, growing evidence suggests that populations can respond to pesticides by evolving higher baseline tolerance or inducing a higher tolerance via phenotypic plasticity. While both mechanisms can allow organisms to persist when faced with pesticides, resource allocation theory suggests that tolerance may be related to resource acquisition by the organism. Using Daphnia pulex, we investigated how algal resource availability influenced the baseline and inducible tolerance of D. pulex to a carbamate insecticide, carbaryl. Individuals reared in high resource environments had a higher baseline carbaryl tolerance compared to those reared in low resource environments. However, D. pulex from low resource treatments exposed to sublethal concentrations of carbaryl early in development induced increased tolerance to a lethal concentration of carbaryl later in life. Only individuals reared in the low resource environment induced carbaryl tolerance. Collectively, this highlights the importance of considering resource availability in our understanding of pesticide tolerance.
The influence of multiple controls on structural and functional characteristics of macroinvertebrate community in a regulated Alpine river
Authors: Fornaroli Riccardo , Calabrese Silvia , Marazzi Francesca , Zaupa Silvia , Mezzanotte Valeria 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the past 30 years, several studies have proved that the river flow regime is fundamental in structuring biotic communities. The condition of the ecosystem results not only from the occurrence of extreme events, such as floods and droughts but also from habitat availability and from its temporal variation. Describing the relationships between macroinvertebrate community characteristics and environmental gradients of flow, temperature, nutrient supplies, and habitat conditions is fundamental to understand ecological dynamics. This is the basis for predicting changes within the communities and in ecosystem functions and ultimately to properly manage and conserve the riverine ecosystems. Seven sites, along a 20‐km river sector, were surveyed for macroinvertebrates and water chemistry seasonally, from 2012 to 2016. Habitat conditions were assessed along a 500‐m stretch in each site. The river discharge was continuously monitored by two water level recorders and used to reconstruct various hydrological indices specific for each sampling location. During the sampling period, numerous high flow events and some prolonged periods of low flow were observed. Quantile regression was used to describe the effects of potential limiting factors on macroinvertebrate community, which were primarily driven by antecedent flow conditions and season whereas habitat conditions and water chemistry played only a minor role. Quantitative models have been developed to predict structural and functional characteristics of macroinvertebrate community as a function of antecedent flow conditions, habitat, and physicochemical water characteristics. Those models allow to identify the main drivers and predict the effect of different water management strategies to riverine ecosystem.
Deciphering seed dispersal decisions: Size, not tannin content, drives seed fate and survival in a tropical forest
Authors: Kuprewicz Erin K. , García‐Robledo Carlos 
Published: January 2019

AbstractScatter‐hoarding animals can dramatically affect plant survival by depositing seeds in favorable microhabitats away from parent plants (seed dispersal) and by consuming seeds (seed predation). By understanding how scatter hoarders make seed dispersal decisions, we can infer how different plant chemical defenses or seed set strategies may influence seed survival and, ultimately, plant recruitment. We used a wild population of Central American agoutis, Dasyprocta punctata, to experimentally test how seed chemistry and size influence seed fates in a tropical premontane wet forest in Costa Rica. We hypothesized that seeds perceived by agoutis to be very valuable (large, non‐toxic seeds) would be taken far from sources and preferentially cached over less valuable (small, toxic) seeds. Using artificial seeds created from baked polymer clay and peanuts, we manipulated seed chemistry (0%, 2%, 15% tannic acid) and size (4, 14, 24 g) in fully factorial paired‐choice field experiments. We tracked the fates of individually numbered thread‐marked seeds in space and time. There was no difference in the handling, regardless of size, of non‐toxic and toxic seeds by agoutis. Large (24 g) seeds were moved farthest and preferentially hoarded by agoutis, whereas small (4 g) seeds were mostly eaten in situ. By experimentally manipulating seed chemistry and size with a high degree of replication using artificial seeds in the field, we have determined how these plant functional traits affect agouti seed dispersal decisions, with implications for plant propagation and the evolution of seed size.
Wood decomposition is more rapid on than off termite mounds in an African savanna
Authors: Acanakwo Erik Francis , Sheil Douglas , Moe Stein R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDecomposition is important for nutrient cycling and the dynamics of soil organic matter. The factors that influence local decomposition rates in savannas dominated by Macrotermes mounds remain uncertain. Here, we experimentally assessed the effects of macro‐ and micro‐detritivores, active and inactive mounds, and vegetation cover on wood decomposition rates for eight common woody plant species in Lake Mburo National Park, in Uganda. Five pairs of Macrotermes mounds, one active and one inactive per pair, were selected. Each mound provided two sample locations, one, the most shaded (with canopy cover), and one, the most open (without canopy cover) edge of mound. In addition, for each mound pair, one additional sample location was located off‐mound, in an open level area between the mounds. After one, three, and 12 months, protected (wrapped in 1‐mm mesh fiber‐glass excluding macrodetritivores) and unprotected wood samples from each location were retrieved, brushed clean, oven‐dried, and weighed. After 12 months, mean percentage mass loss was four times higher for unprotected than protected wood samples across all species located on mound sites (when decomposition in shaded and open microhabitats was combined). Mean percentage mass loss across all species combined was 1.2 times higher on active than inactive mounds. Across all mounds, decomposition was on average 1.1 times more rapid in the shaded than open mound parts. These differences were more pronounced on inactive mounds (1.3 times more rapid in the shaded than open parts). Percentage mass loss was markedly lower off‐mound (12.6 ± 0.8%) than on active (25.9 ± 1.5%) or inactive mounds (19.7 ± 1.2%). Proportional mass loss for unprotected wood decreased with increasing wood density, but proportional mass loss of protected wood samples was not detectably influenced by wood density. Our study highlights the strong and locally contingent influence of termite mounds, termite activity, vegetation, and their interactions on wood decomposition rates within a savanna landscape. Furthermore, variation in per‐species wood decomposition rates, including the negative correlation with wood density, depends on accessibility to macrodetritivores.
Indications of uplift from seismic stratigraphy and backstripping of the well data in western Indus offshore Pakistan
Authors: Khan Majid , Liu Yike , Farid Asam , Ahmed Haseeb 
Published: January 2019

Two‐dimensional regional seismic reflection, oil well data, and biostratigraphic data have been used in integration to study the general structure, stratigraphic architecture, and subsidence history of the part of River Indus offshore Pakistan. The seismic data have been calibrated with the well data by generating the synthetic seismograms to identify the key reflectors indicative of major lithologic horizons. The sedimentary successions on the seismic sections are divided into passive and transpressive margin sediments on the basis of regional tectonics of the area. The western Indian margin is in oblique collision and transpression with Eurasian and Arabian plates creating Kirthar Range onshore and Murray Ridge offshore, respectively. Four mappable seismic sequences are identified within the passive margin sediments and two within the transpressive margin sediments. Due to the complex depositional setting of the basin, certain seismic sequences are not clear on the seismic records. In addition to depositional complexity, the seismic sequences are disturbed by the presence of normal faults generated probably under the action of gravity. It is interpreted from the seismic records that the normal faults were probably reactivated due to the movement of the basement blocks which have generated the push‐up structures within the offshore depression area. The subsidence curves show a gentle convex upward trend, which suggest an uplift around 40 Ma probably resulting from the reactivation of the basement blocks. The study could be helpful in understanding the tectonics of the worldwide passive margins dominated by rifting and transpression stages.
Clinical characteristics, HIV status, and molecular biomarkers in squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in Ghana
Authors: Merz Lauren E. , Afriyie Osei , Jiagge Evelyn , Adjei Ernest , Foltin Susan K. , Ludwig Megan L. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Brenner J. Chad , Merajver Sofia D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsConjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) varies in incidence geographically from 0 to 1 case per 100 000 per year globally. Additionally, the incidence of CSCC is known to increase 49% for every 10° decrease in latitude. Since the onset of the AIDS epidemic, there has been a trend of increasing incidence of CSCC in Africa, and despite relatively stable levels of ultraviolet (UV) exposure, there is an observed 12 times greater risk of developing CSCC when individuals are infected with HIV. In this study, we aim to analyze the clinical characteristics and biomarkers of CSCC in Ghana.MethodsIn this study, a registry review of patients from January 2011 to May 2016 with CSCC at Komfo‐Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, was performed (n = 64). Tumor blocks of the CSCC were analyzed for the expression of various biomarkers.ResultsIn this study, the median age of onset of CSCC is 46.5 years old (range of 20–90 y old). Fifty one and a half percent (n = 33) of the cohort is female. There is a low rate of smoking and alcohol use in our CSCC cohort. Thirty‐nine percent (n = 12) of Ghanaian men with CSCC are HIV−, while only 12% (n = 4) of women are HIV−. Fifteen patients had metastasis to lymph nodes or other tissues, and we observed a statistically significant relationship between HIV infection and metastasis (P = 0.027, chi‐squared test). We observed no statistically significant relationship between known prognostic CSCC biomarkers and HIV status, age, or tumor stage.ConclusionBetter characterization of CSCC could have a profound impact on the prevention, early identification, and treatment of CSCC in Africa. A retrospective chart analysis and collection of tumor samples can be challenging in this region due to methods of record keeping and stigma attached to clinical data such as HIV testing and smoking and alcohol use. As a result, in this study, data were often incomplete leading to inconclusive results and analysis that should be interpreted with caution. Future studies should consider a prospective study design that gathers clinical data in a standardized format and ensures fresh tissue from CSCC tumors.
Health Care Professionals' Perspectives on Teleneonatology Through the Lens of Normalization Process Theory
Authors: Asiedu Gladys B. , Fang Jennifer L. , Harris Ann M. , Colby Christopher E. , Carroll Katherine 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsLittle research has been done on tele‐intensive care unit (ICU) implementation across different types of ICUs, and there exist few studies that have used qualitative research methods to analyze the human and organizational factors influencing optimization of telemedicine for newborn resuscitation. The objective of this study was to understand health care professionals' acceptance, utilization, and integration of video telemedicine for newborn resuscitation (termed teleneonatology) in community hospital settings.MethodsFocus group and individual interviews were conducted with 49 health care professionals at six affiliated health system hospitals. Data were gathered from physicians (n = 18), nurses (n = 30), and a nurse practitioner. Data were inductively analyzed using a thematic approach, and then constructs from normalization process theory (NPT) were deductively applied. NPT rendered a general framework to describe and assess how care teams perceive the implementation of teleneonatology and how they interact with this telemedicine service in their local setting.ResultsLocal health care professionals accepted teleneonatology as an important, helpful service, yet its implementation was perceived as both valuable and a threat to professional traditions. Utilization may depend on perceived benefit, mutual understanding of the guidelines, and expectations of use, and other relational, human, contextual, and system factors. Participants in this study agreed on the need for collective work to successfully integrate teleneonatology into the local practice.DiscussionsNPT uncovered that successful implementation of a teleneonatology program may be facilitated by strong interpersonal relationships among care teams, continuous programmatic training and education, and communicating the clinical value of teleneonatology, including its opportunities and benefits.
H19 and Foxc2 synergistically promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via Wnt‐β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Zhou Ping , Li Ying , Di Ruolin , Yang Yi , Meng Songyan , Song Fangfang , Ma Lan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of H19 on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).MethodsOvariectomized (OVX) mouse model was established. RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull‐down assays were performed to determine the correlation between H19 and forkhead box C2 (Foxc2). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to identify whether Foxc2 binds to the Wnt4 promoter region. Molecules expressions were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot.ResultsWe found that H19 expression was reduced in the serum of patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and BMSCs of OVX mice, and overexpression of H19 promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Additionally, Foxc2 could bind to the Wnt4 promoter and promote its transcription. We also showed that H19 could bind to Foxc2, and H19/Foxc2 regulated Wnt promoter expression in a synergistic fashion, and H19/Foxc2 regulated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through Wnt‐β‐catenin pathway.ConclusionH19 and Foxc2 synergistically promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via Wnt‐β‐catenin pathway.