bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Environmental Assessment of BKME Discharged to a Mediterranean River
Authors: Ferreira Rosa C.F. , Graça Manuel A.S. , Craveiro Sandra , Santos Lilia M.A. , Culp Joseph M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The Mediterranean climate of Central Portugal produces a bimodal precipitation pattern such that effluent dilution is high during the winter rainy period and low in summer. An integrated assessment strategy was used to investigate the effect of this seasonally distinct flow regime on the environmental effects of a largely eucalyptus-derived, bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) that receives secondary treatment before discharge to the Vouga River. The assessment included the triad of various water chemistry measurements, laboratory bioassays, and field surveys of benthic invertebrate and periphytic diatoms. The BKME discharge increased water temperature, pH, colour, suspended solids, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, plant nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and AOX content in the downstream receiving waters during both seasons. However, differences were much more pronounced in summer during the natural low flow period. Ecotoxicity tests revealed a significant effluent effect only in summer. Attached diatoms exhibited reduced species diversity at effluent-affected sites only in summer. Invertebrate densities and diversity were reduced downstream of the effluent in both seasons, but more so in summer. The effluent discharge often increased downstream water temperature by 10 to 15°C, with summer temperatures regularly exceeding 30 to 35°C.
Non-Lethal Sampling Methods for Assessing Environmental Impacts Using a Small-Bodied Sentinel Fish Species
Authors: Gray Michelle A. , Curry Allen R. , Munkittrick Kelly R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Under the Canadian Fisheries Act, pulp and paper mills and metal mines must conduct a cyclical monitoring program for potential environmental effects that includes a fish survey. Study designs for the fish survey have been evolving over the past few years, and there has been increased emphasis on the use of small-bodied fish species. Increasing concerns about the potential impacts of sampling programs on the fish populations in smaller receiving waters have led us to develop non-lethal sampling methodologies that will satisfy the information requirements for the environmental effects monitoring program. This manuscript outlines the use of a non-lethal sampling program to collect information on age distributions, growth rates, reproductive performance and fish condition in populations of slimy sculpin inhabiting forested and agricultural sections of a small New Brunswick river.
Overview of the Metal Mining Environmental Effects Monitoring Program
Authors: Dumaresq Charles , Hedley Kathleen , Michelutti Robert 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The amended Metal Mining Effluent Regulations (MMER), will include a requirement for mines to conduct Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) under the authority of the Fisheries Act. The EEM program will determine if mine effluent is having an effect on fish, fish habitat and the use of fisheries resources. The metal mining EEM program strives to balance site-specific requirements with the need for national consistency. The program uses a tiered approach to monitoring, where the results of previous monitoring determine the frequency and extent of monitoring subsequently required. The frequency and extent will therefore vary depending on whether there are observed effects.
Assessing Metal Mine Effects using Benthic Invertebrates for Canada's Environmental Effects Program
Authors: Glozier Nancy E. , Culp Joseph M. , Reynoldson Trefor B. , Bailey Robert C. , Lowell Richard B. , Trudel Lise 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In Canada, the Metal Mining Effluent Regulation is a mechanism developed from the Fisheries Act (R.S., c. F-14, s.1) under which the effects of mine effluent on fish and fish habitat (i.e., benthic invertebrate communities) is determined by Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) studies. The Metal Mining EEM (MM EEM) program proceeds in a tiered manner, commencing with determining whether an effect is present and continuing with determining extent, magnitude and cause of the effect. The benthic invertebrate monitoring component of the MM EEM program includes consideration of study design elements such as confounding factors, monitoring frequency, statistical study design, appropriate community endpoints and standardized approaches to site descriptions, field and laboratory methods and data interpretation. We present the approaches and rationale recently adopted for the benthic component of Canada's Metal Mining EEM program. A primary objective of this program was to outline a consistent national program that was scientifically defensible and that would produce the necessary information to evaluate the effectiveness of current pollution regulations.
Monitoring Sublethal Toxicity in Effluent Under the Metal Mining EEM Program
Authors: Scroggins Richard , van Aggelen Graham , Schroeder Julie 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The second national application of environmental effects monitoring (EEM) in Canada will be under the amended Metal Mining Effluent Regulations (MMER). Under the EEM program, sublethal toxicity testing will be included in a suite of complementary tools to assess whether fish populations, fish habitat, and use of the fisheries resource, are protected in water bodies receiving mining effluent. The rationale for including sublethal toxicity tests was provided by an extensive literature review during the Aquatic Effects Technology Evaluation (AETE) program that showed 84% agreement between sublethal toxicity test results and observed impacts on receiving water. In addition, laboratory testing during the AETE program identified tests which would be the most cost effective and efficient in assessing mining effluent toxicity. Based on the findings of the AETE program, the multistakeholder EEM Metal Mining Working Group and its Toxicology Subgroup selected tests on fish, invertebrates, algae and an aquatic plant species, and developed consensus recommendations on the minimum requirements for sublethal toxicity testing and technical guidance on how to implement the recommended monitoring. The rationale for method selection and application of test results, and general testing requirements are discussed.
Plantago psyllium-Grafted-Polyacrylonitrile—Synthesis, Characterization and Its Use in Suspended and Dissolved Solid Removal from Textile Effluent
Authors: Srinivasan Rajani , Agarwal Monika , Mishra Anuradha 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Grafted copolymer of Plantago psyllium mucilage and acrylonitrile has been synthesized in the presence of nitrogen using ceric ion-nitric acid redox system. P. psyllium-grafted-polyacrylonitrile (PSY-g-PAN) was characterized by IR spectroscopy and tested for its flocculation efficiency in textile effluent by the standard jar test method. The effects of polymer dose, pH and contact time on the removal of solid waste from textile effluent is reported. The optimum dose was found to be 1.6 mg/L, at which a maximum solid removal of 94% suspended solid (SS) and 80% total dissolved solid (TDS) was seen. The most suitable pH was acidic (pH 4.0) and neutral (pH 7.0), for SS and TDS removal, respectively. The optimum treatment duration was 1 hour. X-ray analysis of PSY-g-PAN and solid waste from effluent before and after treatment suggests the interaction of the solid waste with the PSY-g-PAN copolymer.
Cocoa Shells as Adsorbent for Metal Recovery from Acid Effluent
Authors: Fiset Jean F. , Tyagi Rajeshwar D. , Blais Jean-François 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Cocoa shells are commonly used in the horticulture field. This inexpensive substrate was studied for metal removal from acidic effluents. Batch adsorption tests in shake flasks revealed that cocoa shells were particularly efficient for lead removal. More than 90% of lead could be removed from a mono-metallic solution containing 51.8 mg Pb/L (250 µM Pb) using 20 g/L of cocoa shells. Langmuir isotherm indicated that cocoa shells have a maximum lead uptake of 7.56 mg/g (36.5 µmol/g) at pH = 2.0. Adsorption tests were also successfully completed with three types of heavily contaminated acid effluents: a multi-element synthetic solution and effluents produced during sewage sludge and soil decontamination. These tests have shown that the presence of other metals and organic matter only slightly decreases the lead removal by cocoa shells. After adsorption, metals could be eluted using a diluted acid solution (0.5 N) and the cocoa shells could be reused for many adsorption/desorption cycles.
Removal of Oxygen Demand and Acute Toxicity during Batch Biological Treatment of a Petroleum Refinery Effluent
Authors: Sarathy Brihas P. , Hoy Preston M. , Duff Sheldon J.B. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A survey of the process streams at an operating petroleum refinery showed that desalting water from the crude and splitter units had the highest concentrations of pollutants, and accounted for approximately one-third of the BOD and COD of the combined effluent. Combined effluent (234 ± 62 mg BOD/L, 510 ± 0 mg COD/L, and Microtox EC50 4.9 ± 0.4%) was treated using a laboratory-scale batch biological reactor. Ninety-three percent of BOD and 77% of COD were removed over the first 24 hours of biological treatment. Acute (Microtox) toxicity was reduced in two discrete stages; the first coinciding with BOD and COD removal and the second stage occurring after BOD and COD had been removed. A final EC50 value of 27.8% was achieved in batch tests. The two stages of toxicity removal correspond quantitatively to the toxicity removal observed during secondary and tertiary biological treatment at the petroleum refinery's full-scale wastewater treatment plant.
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Industrial Wastewater Samples in Toronto, Ontario
Authors: Lee Hing-Biu , Peart Thomas E. , Gris Greg , Chan Jack 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The occurrence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), nonylphenol (NP) and its ethoxylates (NPEO) in wastewater generated in the Toronto area has been studied. In all, 97 samples from 40 facilities in ten different industry classes have been collected and analyzed. Widely divergent concentrations have been observed in these samples. They ranged from &lt;0.01 to 195 µg/L for OP, from &lt;0.1 to 253 µg/L for NP, from &lt;2 to 117,570 µg/L for NPEO, and from &lt;0.01 to 149 µg/L for BPA. The results show that the concentrations of NP and NPEO in these samples generally exceeded City of Toronto By-law (No. 457-2000) limits. The results also suggest that detergents based on NPEO are still extensively used by the commercial laundries, and also by the textile products and clothing industries. These facilities, together with several sources in the chemical and chemical products industries and the fabricated metal products industries are believed to be the major sources of NP and NPEO input into the sewer system in Toronto. In addition to the two facilities in the chemicals and chemical products sector, several commercial laundries also had significant on-site releases of BPA. Except for those collected from three facilities in the chemicals and chemical products industries, the levels of OP in these samples were generally low. Many industries in the Toronto area would have to take drastic actions to reduce releases of NPEO and NP if full compliance with the most recent City By-law regarding wastewater quality were to be achieved.
Induction of Vitellogenin and Histological Effects in Wild Fathead Minnows from a Lake Experimentally Treated with the Synthetic Estrogen, Ethynylestradiol
Authors: Palace Vince P. , Evans Robert E. , Wautier Kerry , Baron Christopher , Vandenbyllardt Lenore , Vandersteen Wendy , Kidd Karen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Potential effects of exposure to contaminants with estrogenic activity are currently being examined in fish from a lake experimentally treated with the synthetic estrogen, ethynylestradiol (EE2). EE2 was added to Lake 260, a small Precambrian shield lake in the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) of northwestern Ontario, from late May to October 2001. Concentrations of EE2 in epilimnetic waters ranged between 4.0 and 8.1 ng/L, with a mean (±SD) of 6.0 ± 2.8 ng/L. Male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) captured from Lake 260 after EE2 additions began contained 9000-fold higher concentrations of the egg yolk precursor vitellogenin (VTG), than were detected in fish captured from the same lake prior to the EE2 additions, or when compared to fatheads from reference lakes during the same sample period. VTG in females was induced 8- to 80-fold and was sustained beyond the normal window of vitellogenesis in Lake 260. Histological examination of tissues from EE2-exposed male fatheads in Lake 260 showed widespread fibrosis and inhibition of testicular development. Enlargement of liver cells, edema in the interstitium between kidney tubules, and eosinophilic deposits in the kidney tubule lumen were also evident in male fatheads from Lake 260. Further studies will examine the relationships between biochemical and histological alterations and population level effects.
Organic Contaminants in Canadian Municipal Sewage Sludge. Part I. Toxic or Endocrine-Disrupting Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Lee Hing-Biu , Peart Thomas E. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The occurrence of toxic or endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO), 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TCS), pentachlorophenol (PCP), hexachlorophene (HCP), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in 35 sewage sludge samples collected from cities across Canada is documented. Samples were extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide and the phenols were converted into their acetyl derivatives using published methods. The ethoxylates were analyzed by HPLC with a fluorescence detector. The other extracts, after silica gel column cleanup, were analyzed by GC/MS in either the electron impact or negative-ion chemical ionization mode. With minor exceptions, the above-mentioned compounds were present in all samples. The levels of these contaminants varied widely in the samples. The more abundant chemicals were NP as well as its mono- and di-ethoxylates, with median concentrations of 232, 69.4, and 26.4 µg/g (dry weight), respectively. Triclosan, a common antibacterial agent, BPA, and HCP were also ubiquitous in the sludge samples, with median concentrations of 12.5, 0.45, and 0.37 µg/g, respectively. Also present, albeit at much lower concentrations, were PCP and TBBPA, with median concentrations of 27.7 and 12.4 ng/g, respectively. Except for the last two compounds, all the chemicals are components or additives in various formulations of household and industrial detergents and personal care products. The potential risk of these toxic chemicals reaching the aquatic environment as a result of land spreading of sewage sludge should be investigated.
Waterborne 17α-Ethynylestradiol Affects Aggressive Behaviour of Male Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) under Artificial Spawning Conditions
Authors: Majewski Andrew R. , Blanchfield Paul J. , Palace Vince P. , Wautier Kerry 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Among fishes, courtship behaviour and nesting defense are strong predictors of reproductive success. We conducted three experiments to assess the impacts of exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) on the ability of male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to establish and defend a spawning territory. Fish were exposed to EE2 (2 or 8 ng L-1) for 27 days, while spawning conditions were gradually optimized. Control (ethanol only) males (C) were paired with treated males (L = low dose, H = high dose) (experiment 1) or individuals from their own treatment group (experiment 2) in competition for a nest site. Solitary males occupied a nest site prior to adding a second male from the same treatment group in experiment 3. Behaviour was quantified from video records. Exposure to EE2 impaired a male's ability to compete and acquire territories compared to unexposed individuals (experiment 1), but was similar when males were paired with like-treated conspecifics (experiments 2 and 3). Higher levels of overall aggression (aggression rates of both fish) occurred in Cvs.L and Cvs.H than Cvs.C trials (experiment 1). Induction of vitellogenin was significantly higher in exposed fish relative to controls.
Sustainable Water Conservation and Wastewater Reuse in a Palm Oil Mill: A Case Study in Southern Thailand
Authors: Leong Shing Tet , Muttamara Samorn , Laortanakul Preecha 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The palm oil industry is one of the major agro-industries in Southern Thailand. It requires a large amount of water for its operation and discharges considerable quantities of wastewater. This creates a serious threat to the environment and sources of potable water. This study proposes recommendations for water conservation and reuse and improvement of wastewater treatment facilities to overcome these problems.
In order to attain the highest reduction of all problems, waste minimization is introduced as the most effective solution. Changing behaviour in housekeeping can reduce water usage. An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process coupled with an activated sludge plant is recommended to upgrade the wastewater treatment system. For water reuse purposes, a rock bed filtration unit is recommended to treat effluent of the treatment plant.
The overall water balance of the palm oil mill suggests that water reuse of 322 m3/d will reduce raw water consumption by 27.66% and achieve a 23% reduction in the water discharged to the river.
Note technique – Cuivre, plomb, fer et manganèse dans le bassin versant du Sebou ; Sources d'apport et impact sur la qualité des eaux de surface
Authors: Azzaoui Samira , Hanbali Mohammed El , Leblanc Marc 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Des échantillons d'eau et de matières en suspension (MES) ont été prélevés le long du Sebou et de ses affluents. Les résultats d'analyse effectuées aussi bien sur la phase dissoute que sur la phase particulaire ont permis de mettre en relief l'important degré de pollution par Cu (0.25 mg de Cu dissous/L, 0.55 mg de Cu particulaire/g), Pb (0.23 mg/L, 0.35 mg/g), Fe (27 mg/L, 50 mg/g) et Mn (2.5 mg/L, 1 mg/g) dont souffre le bassin. Ces résultats ont mis en évidence l'importante contribution des sources anthropiques (industrie, agriculture, décharges). La comparaison des teneurs en Fe et Mn avec les normes marocaines qualifie les eaux du bassin de non favorable à l'irrigation alors que celles en Pb et Cu sont inférieures aux normes. De même, les concentrations en Fe, Mn et surtout Pb montrent que les eaux du bassin, dans la majorité des secteurs, sont non aptes à la production de l'eau potable.
Technical Note — The Use of a Very Large Constructed Sub-Surface Flow Wetland to Treat Glycol-Contaminated Stormwater from Aircraft De-Icing Operations
Authors: Higgins James , Maclean Michael 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
All of the pollutants found in stormwater runoff at airports, including surface and aircraft de-icing/anti-icing glycols, can be treated and removed to low levels in well-designed sub-surface flow (SSF) constructed wetland systems. There are two common forms of constructed wetlands used for pollution control: those where water flows over the surface among wetland plants (free water surface or marsh type wetlands); and SSF types where the wastewater flows below the normally dry surface of a gravel substrate in which the wetland plants grow. SSF wetlands have no open water to attract waterfowl and are particularly suitable for use at airports.
Of the glycol used at Edmonton International Airport (EIA), 80 to 90% eventually entered surface runoff. Edmonton International Airport's operator, the Edmonton Regional Airports Authority (Edmonton Airports) evaluated a number of glycol management options, including constructed wetlands. As a result, a very large SSF wetland system was installed to handle glycol-contaminated stormwater. This paper reviews results of a feasibility study carried out to define design parameters and scale up kinetics for this wetland system, the detailed design that resulted, the SSF wetland's construction, and the start-up of the Edmonton facilities in August of 2000. It also compares the Edmonton wetland system with a similar facility at Heathrow Airport in the United Kingdom.
Sources and Persistence of Fecal Coliform Bacteria in a Rural Watershed
Authors: Jamieson Rob C. , Gordon Robert J. , Tattrie Steven C. , Stratton Glenn W. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Water quality within the Thomas Brook watershed, which is a small catchment located in the headwaters of the Cornwallis River drainage basin, was assessed through an integrated monitoring program. The Thomas Brook watershed is approximately 1000 ha and is characterized by both agricultural and residential land uses. Fecal coliform concentrations and stream flow were monitored at several points throughout the watershed during an eight-month period (May to December, 2001). Thomas Brook was seriously degraded with respect to microbial water quality. Fecal coliform levels frequently exceeded recreational water quality guidelines. At the watershed outlet, 94% of the collected samples exceeded the recreational water quality guideline during low flow conditions. Substantial bacterial loading was observed along stream reaches impacted by livestock operations. Bacterial loading was also observed along a stream reach that was not impacted by agricultural activities. A dense clustering of residences, using on-site septic systems, was the suspected source. Results from this study indicate the presence of a reservoir of fecal microorganisms within the stream sediments. The release of fecal microorganisms from the stream sediments to the water column during both low and high flow conditions could be a major source of bacterial loading.
Mass Appearance of Cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens in Lake Piaseczno, Poland
Authors: Krupa Danuta , Czernaś Krzysztof 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In 1989, Lake Piaseczno, Poland, exhibited a mass appearance of Planktothrix rubescens. During this time the pelagic and littoral areas exhibited significant increases in areal primary production (400 and 41 mg C m-2 h-1, respectively), chlorophyll α (100 and 6.9 mg m-2, respectively) and assimilation number (4 and 5.9 mg C m-2 h-1/mg chlα m-2, respectively). After the water bloom subsided, a reduction of dissolved oxygen concentration (down to 1.5 mg L-1) and high water temperature (10.2°C) in the offshore bottom zone was observed. While from 1991 to 1996, the primary production, chlorophyll α concentration and assimilation number values were decreasing, they were significantly higher than the values reported in 1986, prior to the mass cyanobacteria appearance. An indirect correlation with ion levels indicated that the outbreak of the cyanobacteria was linked with inflow of nutrients from the catchment area. The dramatic changes in the range and variability of the phytoplankton density indicate that the recent eutrophication of the lake has had profound effects on the structure and productivity of the aquatic community.