bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphate Species up to 70% Mass Ratio for Enhanced Pseudocapacitive Properties
Authors: Li Shaofeng , Yu Chang , Yang Ying , Song Xuedan , Chen Shuangming , Song Li , Qiu Bo , Yang Juan , Huang Huawei , Guo Wei , Zhao Changtai , Zhang Mengdi , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe emerging phosphate species on the surface or near‐surface of electrode materials are versatile and have an intriguing ability for dramatically enhanced electrochemical performance. Unfortunately, the distribution/dispersion of phosphate species still keeps at levels on the exterior not within the interior surface of materials, and the micro‐/nanoscale tuning is commonly rarely concerned and its function remains poorly understood. Herein, for the first time, well‐dispersed phosphate species up to 70% mass ratio implanted within Ni‐doped CoP nanowire matrix are presented via an efficient low‐temperature phosphorization strategy. The resultant nanohybrids possess kinetics‐favorable open frameworks with abundant mesopores and a high degree covalency in the chemical bonds, thus leading to rapid mass transport/charge transfer and enhanced redox reaction kinetics. Remarkably, the phosphate species feature superwettability toward water and strong affinity for OH− in the electrolyte, evidenced by the shortened distance and reduced adsorption energy between the OH− and the nuclear Co atoms on the nanohybrids as revealed by density functional theory calculations. As such, the nanohybrids exhibit an ultrahigh specific capacity of 250 mAh g−1 even at 50 A g−1. This work presents a deeper understanding of the dispersion and role of phosphate species for supercapacitors and other energy‐related storage/conversion devices.
Integrating a Gender Equity Lens: Shifting and Broadening the Focus of Women's Centers on College Campuses
Authors: Kupo V. Leilani , Castellon Jessica 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhat stakes do women's centers have in doing work that focuses on masculinity? Women's centers play an essential role in helping to understand, identify, and deconstruct masculinities. Through the lens of gender equity, this chapter examines how center staff members and other professionals can provide frameworks and language that influence campus climate. The authors interrogate the ways in which staff members can aid in shifting how the community relates to the constructs of masculinities within the context of social oppression.
Practices for Promoting Mindful Masculinities
Authors: Davis Tracy , Moody Brett 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis chapter explores how mindfulness practices infused into professional preparation curriculum can promote awareness of the individual and institutional dimensions of gender, de‐center masculinities, and promote appropriate learning practices both in and outside of the graduate classroom. Mindful masculinities are introduced as a sustainable model for practitioners wanting to promote students’ healthy identity development.
Instrumental Rationality Without Separability
Authors: Thoma Johanna 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper argues that instrumental rationality is more permissive than expected utility theory. The most compelling instrumentalist argument in favour of separability, its core requirement, is that agents with non-separable preferences end up badly off by their own lights in some dynamic choice problems. I argue that once we focus on the question of whether agents’ attitudes to uncertain prospects help define their ends in their own right, or instead only assign instrumental value in virtue of the outcomes they may lead to, we see that the argument must fail. Either attitudes to prospects assign non-instrumental value in their own right, in which case we cannot establish the irrationality of the dynamic choice behaviour of agents with non-separable preferences. Or they don’t, in which case agents with non-separable preferences can avoid the problematic choice behaviour without adopting separable preferences.
Modelling and Simulating Airport Surface Operations with Gate Conflicts
Authors: Zelinski S. , Windhorst R. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe Surface Operations Simulator and Scheduler (SOSS) is a fast-time simulation of the airport surface used to rapidly develop and test new surface scheduling concepts. Gate conflicts present a challenge for surface scheduling. A late departure pushback or early arrival sharing the same gate can cause a gate conflict, which if left unmanaged, can lead to surface gridlock. Surface scheduling concepts that meter departures at their gates can increase the likelihood of gate conflicts. In real operations, hardstand areas are used to temporality park aircraft out of the way to avoid gate conflicts. New SOSS models and functionality for hardstand operations were developed to simulate gate conflict management approaches using hardstands to temporarily park either the arrival or departure out of the way of the other. Four gate conflict management approaches were simulated with surface scheduling and their effects on surface operations were compared. The four gate conflict management approaches each allowed a unique subset of resolution actions including early departure pushback, sending the departure to the hardstand, and sending the arrival to the hardstand. The gate conflict management approaches allowing arrivals to be sent to the hardstand were found to be most successful in resolving the gate conflicts and maintaining scheduler performance measured by takeoff time predictability.
Employers’ perspectives regarding reasonable accommodations for employees with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Waisman-Nitzan Michal , Gal Eynat , Schreuer Naomi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEmployers who are open to the establishment of a neuro-diverse workforce, including adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often encounter challenges resulting from both personal characteristics and environmental barriers. Employees with ASD demonstrate evident abilities and a high motivation to work, yet their employment rate remains low. This qualitative phenomenological study explored the perspectives of 11 employers of individuals with ASD from the open labour market. Three themes emerged: employers’ perception of employees with ASD; their motivation to employ an employee with ASD; and accessibility of the work environment: reasonable adjustments. The findings support the importance of factors in the work environment that serve to either inhibit or facilitate the inclusion of people with ASD in the open labour market as much as their personal characteristics. The results relate to workplace accessibility within the context of the organization’s management and justice climate.
Substrate specificity of the neutral sphingomyelinase fromTrypanosoma brucei
Authors: Dickie Emily A. , Young Simon A. , Smith Terry K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe kinetoplastid parasiteTrypanosoma bruceicauses African trypanosomiasis in both humans and animals. Infections place a significant health and economic burden on developing nations in sub-Saharan Africa, but few effective anti-parasitic treatments are currently available. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify new leads for drug development. TheT. bruceineutral sphingomyelinase (TbnSMase) was previously established as essential to parasite survival, consequently being identified as a potential drug target. This enzyme may catalyse the single route to sphingolipid catabolism outside theT. bruceilysosome. To obtain new insight into parasite sphingolipid catabolism, the substrate specificity of TbnSMase was investigated using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Recombinant TbnSMase was shown to degrade sphingomyelin, inositol-phosphoceramide and ethanolamine-phosphoceramide sphingolipid substrates, consistent with the sphingolipid complement of the parasites. TbnSMase also catabolized ceramide-1-phosphate, but was inactive towards sphingosine-1-phosphate. The broad-range specificity of this enzyme towards sphingolipid species is a unique feature of TbnSMase. Additionally, ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed previously uncharacterized activity towardslyso-phosphatidylcholine despite the enzyme's inability to degrade phosphatidylcholine. Collectively, these data underline the enzyme's importance in choline homoeostasis and the turnover of sphingolipids inT. brucei.
Combining employment and care-giving: how differing care intensities influence employment patterns among middle-aged women in Germany
Authors: Kelle Nadiya 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGiven an ageing population and increased participation by women in the labour force, the relationship between unpaid care and the availability of women to the labour force is gaining in importance as an issue. This article assesses the impact of unpaid care on transitions into employment by women aged between 45 and 59 years. It uses the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) from the years 2001–2014 to estimate Cox regression models for 6,201 employed women. The results indicate that women with higher caring responsibilities and women with lower caring responsibilities are heterogeneous in terms of the socio-economic characteristics that they exhibit: higher-intensity care providers tend to have a lower level of educational attainment and a weaker attachment to the labour force than women with less-intensive caring responsibilities. Furthermore, while women with more-intensive caring roles are highly likely to exit the labour market altogether, female carers with less-intensive roles seem to be able to combine work and care better. These results highlight the importance of providing more affordable institutional and professional care services, especially for low- and medium-income families.
Controlling the Law: Legal Pluralism in China's South-West Minority Regions
Authors: Kaup Katherine P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMillions of China's ethnic minority citizens remain subject to competing legal standards, even as state officials strive to strengthen a unified notion of state law. Minority customary law continues to bind many minority citizens in both civil and criminal arenas and often conflicts directly with state law. What happens when these laws conflict? Based on fieldwork in Yunnan, this article shows how local officials and communities navigate legal pluralism and what legal and policy provisions guide them. Granting local judges discretionary authority to set aside state law in favour of customary law, although seemingly undermining law enforcement, may in the long run be the best path to strengthening rule of law in China's minority regions.
Prevalence of comorbidities in cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a retrospective study
Authors: Alqahtani F.Y. , Aleanizy F.S. , Ali El Hadi Mohamed R. , Alanazi M. S. , Mohamed N. , Alrasheed M. M. , Abanmy N. , Alhawassi T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a life-threatening respiratory disease with a high case fatality rate; however, its risk factors remain unclear. We aimed to explore the influence of demographic factors, clinical manifestations and underlying comorbidities on mortality in MERS-CoV patients. Retrospective chart reviews were performed to identify all laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-COV infection in Saudi Arabia that were reported to the Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia between 23 April 2014 and 7 June 2016. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess the effect of sex, age, clinical presentation and comorbidities on mortality from MERS-CoV. A total of 281 confirmed MERS-CoV cases were identified: 167 (59.4%) patients were male and 55 (20%) died. Mortality predominantly occurred among Saudi nationals and older patients and was significantly associated with respiratory failure and shortness of breath. Of the 281 confirmed cases, 160 (56.9%) involved comorbidities, wherein diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, end-stage renal disease and chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with mortality from MERS-CoV and two or three comorbidities significantly affected the fatality rates from MERS-CoV. The findings of this study show that old age and the existence of underlying comorbidities significantly increase mortality from MERS-CoV.
Calculation of Last Closed Drift Shells for the 2013 GEM Radiation Belt Challenge Events
Authors: Albert J. M. , Selesnick R. S. , Morley S. K. , Henderson M. G. , Kellerman A. C 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRadiation belt behavior is often analyzed in terms of adiabatic invariants, of which the third roughly characterizes the radial distance of particle drift shells. The outermost, or last closed drift shell, can be an important boundary for numerical modeling, especially for drift‐averaged treatments such as three‐dimensional diffusion codes. Here we discuss calculation of the last closed drift shell, using the widely used International Radiation Belt Environment Modeling (IRBEM) Library, the LanlGeoMag code, and a guiding center code named AFRL‐Shell, in conjunction with a variety of current magnetic field models. We present results for the four events in 2013, comprising the radiation belt challenge organized by the Quantitative Assessment of Radiation Belt Modeling focus group of the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) program.
Modeling Neutron Emissions in High Energy Atmospheric Phenomena
Authors: Diniz G. , Rutjes C. , Ebert U. , Ferreira I. S. , São Sabbas E. F. M. T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNeutron emissions with different durations have been observed during thunderstorms. These neutrons can be produced by microsecond to millisecond fast Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes correlated with lightning, or by Gamma‐ray Glows lasting several seconds to minutes. In both cases, the neutrons are produced through a photonuclear reaction of gamma rays in the energy range of 10 to 30 MeV with nuclei of air molecules. Here we present simulations of gamma‐ray beams propagating downward from different source altitudes. In our analysis the primary photons with energies between 10 and 30 MeV are separated into four energy intervals, each of 5 MeV width. From these data, arbitrary spectra of primary photons and of their products can be composed. Our results indicate that the neutrons are created essentially along the trajectory of the primary photons and that they reach ground within a transversal area of radius below 500 m. This lateral spreading is dominated by neutron diffusion due to collisions with air molecules. A secondary longer lasting photon pulse at sea level is predicted as well by our simulations. We have introduced this Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flash afterglow already in (Rutjes et al. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075552). It is due to neutron capture by air molecules, and it has recently been observed by Bowers et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075071) and Enoto et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24630).
Direct Observations of Fine Primary Particles From Residential Coal Burning: Insights Into Their Morphology, Composition, and Hygroscopicity
Authors: Zhang Yinxiao , Yuan Qi , Huang Dao , Kong Shaofei , Zhang Jian , Wang Xinfeng , Lu Chunying , Shi Zongbo , Zhang Xiaoye , Sun Yele , Wang Zifa , Shao Longyi , Zhu Jihao , Li Weijun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEmissions of residential coal burning are an important contributor to air pollution in developing countries, but few studies have yet comprehensively characterized the physicochemical properties of individual primary particles from residential coal burning. Fine primary particles emitted from eight types of coal with low, medium, and high maturity were collected in the flaming and burn‐out stages in a typical residential stove. Based on morphology and composition of individual particles, they were divided into six types: organic matter (OM), OM‐S, soot‐OM, S‐rich, metal, and mineral particles. Low‐maturity coals (e.g., lignite) dominantly emitted soot‐OM particles in the flaming stage, the medium‐maturity coals (e.g., medium‐maturity bituminous coals) emitted abundant OM particles, and high‐maturity coals (e.g., anthracite) emitted abundant OM‐S particles. We found that carbonaceous particles from coal burning significantly decreased with an increase of coal maturity and that soot particles were mainly formed in the flaming stage of low‐maturity coals under higher burning temperatures. We concluded that coal maturity and burning temperature both determine particulate properties in coal emissions. In addition, OM and soot particles from residential coal burning displayed extremely weak hygroscopicity, while inorganic salts within individual particles determined particle hygroscopic growth. Understanding the characteristics of particulate matter emitted from residential coal burning is helpful to trace sources of ambient particles and clarify their possible aging mechanism in air influenced by coal burning emissions. Our results suggest that air quality improvements can benefit substantially from the replacement of low‐ and medium‐maturity coals with high‐maturity coals, natural gas, or electricity in rural areas.
Comment on “Application of Analytical Diffusion Models to Outcrop Observations: Implications for Mass Transport by Fluid Flow Through Fractures” by Antonellini et al. (2017)
Authors: Trinchero Paolo , Sidborn Magnus , Puigdomenech Ignasi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAntonellini et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019864) presented a detailed analysis of alteration halos observed in outcrops of a fractured rock system. We point out here the need for a critical discussion on the low value of dissolved oxygen concentration used in the boundary water of their analytical models. Moreover, we argue that the model used by Antonellini et al. (2017) to evaluate the time for fracture filling is not consistent with the hypotheses used by the same authors to analyze the alteration halos. We propose here an alternative explanation along with an alternative model for fracture filling by precipitation of hydroxide minerals. Unlike the model used by Antonellini et al. (2017), in the model presented here, the time for fracture filling, defined as the time when the relative fracture aperture is equal to a given minimum threshold, does not depend on the initial fracture aperture.
Proteome evolution under non-substitutable resource limitation
Authors: Tamminen Manu , Betz Alexander , Pereira Aaron Louis , Thali Marco , Matthews Blake , Suter Marc J.-F. , Narwani Anita 
Published: November 2018

AbstractResource limitation is a major driver of the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of organisms. Short-term responses to resource limitation include plastic changes in molecular phenotypes including protein expression. Yet little is known about the evolution of the molecular phenotype under longer-term resource limitation. Here, we combine experimental evolution of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under multiple different non-substitutable resource limitation regimes with proteomic measurements to investigate evolutionary adaptation of the molecular phenotype. We demonstrate convergent proteomic evolution of core metabolic functions, including the Calvin-Benson cycle and gluconeogenesis, across different resource limitation environments. We do not observe proteomic changes consistent with optimized uptake of particular limiting resources. Instead, we report that adaptation proceeds in similar directions under different types of non-substitutable resource limitation. This largely convergent evolution of the expression of core metabolic proteins is associated with an improvement in the resource assimilation efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus into biomass.
Genetic dissection of the miR-200–Zeb1 axis reveals its importance in tumor differentiation and invasion
Authors: Title Alexandra C. , Hong Sue-Jean , Pires Nuno D. , Hasenöhrl Lynn , Godbersen Svenja , Stokar-Regenscheit Nadine , Bartel David P. , Stoffel Markus 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism for cancer progression and metastasis. Numerous in vitro and tumor-profiling studies point to the miR-200–Zeb1 axis as crucial in regulating this process, yet in vivo studies involving its regulation within a physiological context are lacking. Here, we show that miR-200 ablation in the Rip-Tag2 insulinoma mouse model induces beta-cell dedifferentiation, initiates an EMT expression program, and promotes tumor invasion. Strikingly, disrupting the miR-200 sites of the endogenous Zeb1 locus causes a similar phenotype. Reexpressing members of the miR-200 superfamily in vitro reveals that the miR-200c family and not the co-expressed and closely related miR-141 family is responsible for regulation of Zeb1 and EMT. Our results thus show that disrupting the in vivo regulation of Zeb1 by miR-200c is sufficient to drive EMT, thus highlighting the importance of this axis in tumor progression and invasion and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Selectively exciting quasi-normal modes in open disordered systems
Authors: Davy Matthieu , Genack Azriel Z. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTransmission through disordered samples can be controlled by illuminating a sample with waveforms corresponding to the eigenchannels of the transmission matrix (TM). But can the TM be exploited to selectively excite quasi-normal modes and so control the spatial profile and dwell time inside the medium? We show in microwave and numerical studies that spectra of the TM can be analyzed into modal transmission matrices of rank unity. This makes it possible to enhance the energy within a sample by a factor equal to the number of channels. Limits to modal selectivity arise, however, from correlation in the speckle patterns of neighboring modes. In accord with an effective Hamiltonian model, the degree of modal speckle correlation grows with increasing modal spectral overlap and non-orthogonality of the modes of non-Hermitian systems. This is observed when the coupling of a sample to its surroundings increases, as in the crossover from localized to diffusive waves.
mTORC1 is a key mediator of RON-dependent breast cancer metastasis with therapeutic potential
Authors: Faham Najme , Zhao Ling , Welm Alana L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMetastasis is the biggest challenge in treating breast cancer, and it kills >40,000 breast cancer patients annually in the US. Aberrant expression of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase in breast tumors correlates with poor prognosis and has been shown to promote metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern how RON promotes metastasis, and how to block it, are still largely unknown. We sought to determine critical effectors of RON using a combination of mutational and pharmacologic strategies. High-throughput proteomic analysis of breast cancer cells upon activation of RON showed robust phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. Further analysis revealed that RON strongly signals through mTORC1/p70S6K, which is mediated predominantly by the PI3K pathway. A targeted mutation approach to modulate RON signaling validated the importance of PI3K/mTORC1 pathway for spontaneous metastasis in vivo. Finally, inhibition of mTORC1 with an FDA-approved drug, everolimus, resulted in transient shrinkage of established RON-dependent metastases, and combined blockade of mTORC1 and RON delayed progression. These studies have identified a key downstream mediator of RON-dependent metastasis in breast cancer cells and revealed that inhibition of mTORC1, or combined inhibition of mTORC1 and RON, may be effective for treatment of metastatic breast cancers with elevated expression of RON.