bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risks and complications of thyroglossal duct cyst removal
Authors: Anderson Jennifer L. , Vu Kimberly , Haidar Yarah M. , Kuan Edward C. , Tjoa Tjoson 
Published: March 2019

Objectives/HypothesisThyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are the most common congenital neck cyst and typically present in childhood or adolescence, although a subset remains asymptomatic until adulthood. Although treatment involves surgical excision, few large‐scale studies exist regarding the risks of surgical treatment of TGDCs in adults. This study aims to describe the characteristics of adult patients undergoing TGDC excision and to analyze risk factors associated with reoperation or other postoperative complications.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.MethodsPatients age ≥ 18 years in the NSQIP database who underwent TGDC removal from 2005 to 2014 were included. Covariates included patient demographics, comorbidities, preoperative variables, and intraoperative variables. Outcomes included reoperation, complications, and length of hospital stay.ResultsA total of 793 cases met inclusion criteria. Patients were predominantly female (57.0%) and white (64.3%), with a mean age of 44.3 years. Thirty‐day mortality did not occur in this cohort, but 3.0% of patients experienced at least one complication. Forty‐eight patients (6.1%) underwent reoperation. Wound infection rates were higher in revision operations compared with primary operations (8.3% and 0.9%, respectively; P = .003). Low preoperative sodium was associated with reoperation (P = .047). Additionally, length of hospital stay was associated with increased total operative time (P = .02).ConclusionsTGDC excision is a safe and well‐tolerated procedure in the adult population, with low complication rates. However, the risk of reoperation, surgical‐site infections, and medical complications should be taken into consideration during preoperative planning.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:381–384, 2020
Factor market rivalry and interindustry competitive dynamics
Authors: Gianiodis Peter T. , Markman Gideon D. , Panagopoulos Andreas 
Published: March 2019

We study competitive dynamics by using 10 years of data from the biotech industry on patent infringement lawsuits because they capture offensive actions and defensive responses. Results suggest that larger patent portfolios, long‐term partnerships, and short‐term agreements lead to factor market rivalry. Specifically, long‐term research partnerships are associated with lower proclivity and vulnerability to attack, while short‐term licensing and marketing agreements with increased proclivity and vulnerability to attack. Lastly, although nonbiotech companies attack biotech firms, the proclivity of the latter to launch cross‐industry attacks is not significant. We discuss how the results contribute to competitive dynamics research and theory.
The minimax approach for a class of variable order fractional differential equation
Authors: Semary Mourad S. , Hassan Hany N. , Radwan Ahmed G. 
Published: March 2019

This paper introduces an approximate solution for Liouville‐Caputo variable order fractional differential equations with order 0 < α(t) ≤ 1. The solution is adapted using a family of fractional‐order Chebyshev functions with unknown coefficients. These coefficients have been obtained by using an optimization approach based on minimax technique and the least pth optimization function. Several linear and nonlinear fractional‐order differential equations are discussed using the proposed technique for fixed and variable order fractional‐order derivatives. Moreover, the response of RC charging circuit with variable order fractional capacitor is studied for different cases. Several comparisons with related published techniques have been added to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed approach.
Magnetic resonance studies of copper (II) sorbitol complex, in solution, reveal a supramolecular structure compatible to the crystal structure
Authors: Kock Flávio Vinícius Crizóstomo , Higuera‐Padilla Angel Rubén , Vigatto Maiara da Silva Santos , Martin Neto Ladislau , Colnago Luiz Alberto 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough the Cu2+‐sorbitol complex [Cu2+‐Sorb] structure in crystalline state has been determined by X rays, it is not known in solution, where most studies of this complex are performed. Therefore, the goal of this work was to obtain information about the structure of this complex in aqueous solution using nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. The magnetic resonance results indicate that the complex is formed at approximately pH 12. In this pH the sorbitol 1H relaxation times were so short (broad line) that was not possible to use standard nuclear magnetic resonance parameters (nuclear Overhauser effect and spin–spin coupling constants values) to solve the three‐dimensional structure. However, valuable structural information about the complex in solution was obtained. The relaxation results indicate that the Cu2+ ions are buried in the structure and not accessible to solvent; the 1H and 13C spectra shows strong paramagnetic shift effect indicating short distance between these nuclei and Cu2+ in the structure. No electron paramagnetic resonance signal was observed in pH 12 indicating strong Cu2+‐ Cu2+ dipolar interaction, compatible to Cu2+‐Cu2+ distances measured in crystal, from 1.148 to 1.393 Angstroms. The complex self‐diffusion coefficient (D) of 1.58 × 10−10 m2/s value, determined by Diffusion‐Ordered Spectroscopy, is compatible to a molecular weight of 3–6 KDa. Therefore, these results corroborate that the [Cu2+‐Sorb] complex is assembled in solution, at pH 12, with several structural parameters compatible to the toroidal hexadecacuprate supramolecular structure determined in solid state.
Suction and time effects in rockfill deformation
Authors: Alonso Eduardo E. , Tapias Mauricio A. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAmbient relative humidity controls the stress‐strain‐time behaviour of granular media exhibiting particle breakage. Breakage is the result of crack propagation inside loaded particles. The DEM model developed uses the results of subcritical crack propagation in brittle rock to predict breakage and the subsequent structural rearrangement. Two closed‐form solutions at grain level, stress distribution under diametrically opposed forces and the mode I crack propagation velocity, were included in the DEM formulation. Crack propagation velocity depends explicitly on relative humidity. The resulting model incorporates comminution and splitting modes of particle breakage as well as arbitrary grain shapes by means of aggregation of spherical microparticles. The model was first validated against a large diameter suction‐controlled oedometer test on hard limestone crushed gravel. Direct tests on contact properties (local stiffness and friction) helped to validate the model. The model was then used to predict the response of large diameter suction‐controlled triaxial tests on gravels having different (uniform) initial sizes. Time delayed deformations and wetting‐induced collapse deformations under maintained load are also a natural outcome of the model. They were shown to follow quite accurately the experimental results.
Non‐proportional loading in sequentially linear analysis for 3D stress states
Authors: Pari Manimaran , Hendriks Max A.N. , Rots Jan G. 
Published: March 2019

SummarySequentially linear analysis (SLA), a non‐incremental‐iterative approach towards finite element simulation of quasi‐brittle materials, is based on sequentially identifying a critical integration point in the model, to reduce its strength and stiffness, and the associated critical load multiplier (λcrit), to scale the linear analysis results. In this article, two novel methods are presented to enable SLA simulations for non‐proportional loading situations in a three‐dimensional fixed smeared crack framework. In the first approach, the cubic function in the load multiplier is analytically solved for real roots using trigonometric solutions or the Cardano method. In the second approach, the load multiplier is expressed as a function of the inclination of a potential damage plane and is deduced using a constrained optimization approach. The first method is preferred over the second for the validation studies due to computational efficiency and accuracy reasons. A three‐point bending beam test, with and without prestress, and an RC slab tested in shear, with and without axial loads, are used as benchmarks. The proposed solution method shows good agreement with the experiments in terms of force‐displacement curves and damage evolution.
A cell‐based smoothed radial point interpolation method with virtual nodes for three‐dimensional mid‐frequency acoustic problems
Authors: Zhang Guiyong , Chen Zecong , Sui Zhixiang , Tao Dongsong , He Zhicheng , Tang Qian , Sun Lei 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIt is well known that the finite element method (FEM) encounters dispersion errors in coping with mid‐frequency acoustic problems due to its “overly stiff” nature. By introducing the generalized gradient smoothing technique and the idea of condensed shape functions with virtual nodes, a cell‐based smoothed radial point interpolation method is proposed to solve the Helmholtz equation for the purpose of reducing dispersion errors. With the properly selected virtual nodes, the proposed method can provide a close‐to‐exact stiffness of continuum, leading to a conspicuous decrease in dispersion errors and a significant improvement in accuracy. Numerical examples are examined using the present method by comparing with both the traditional FEM using four‐node tetrahedral elements (FEM‐T4) and the FEM model using eight‐node hexahedral elements with modified integration rules (MIR‐H8). The present cell‐based smoothed radial point interpolation method has been demonstrated to possess a number of superiorities, including the automatically generated tetrahedral background mesh, high computational efficiency, and insensitivity to mesh distortion, which make the method a good potential for practical analysis of acoustic problems.
Risk of Gynecomastia with Users of Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: He Bonnie , Carleton Bruce , Etminan Mahyar 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed for many gastrointestinal diseases. A number of case reports have linked PPIs to gynecomastia in men, but large epidemiologic studies are lacking.ObjectiveTo quantify the risk of gynecomastia with PPIs in male patients.MethodsUsing the PharMetrics Plus™ health claims database from the United States, a retrospective cohort study of new PPI users and new amoxicillin users from 2006 to 2016 was conducted. Diagnosis of gynecomastia was identified by the International Classification for Diseases, 9th edition (ICD‐9) and 10th edition (ICD‐10) codes. Cases were defined as patients with two codes for gynecomastia within 90 days, with the first code as the event code. Hazard ratios (HRs) were computed by adjusting for alcoholic cirrhosis, hyperthyroidism, testicular cancer, Klinefelter syndrome, and obesity, as well as the use of ketoconazole, risperidone, spironolactone, and androgen deprivation therapy. A sensitivity analysis defining exposure with two PPI prescriptions was also undertaken.ResultsThere were 389 cases of gynecomastia diagnosed among 220,791 new PPI users, and 996 gynecomastia cases were diagnosed among 837,740 new amoxicillin users. The crude HR for PPI use compared to amoxicillin use was 1.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.461–1.976). The adjusted HR for the sensitivity analysis was 1.299 (95% CI: 1.146–1.473). The adjusted HR was 1.4795 (95% CI: 1.2431–1.7609) for patients over 50 years old and 1.324 (95% CI: 1.1133–1.5745) for patients 50 years old or younger.ConclusionThis large retrospective cohort study suggests that patients who used PPIs are at higher risk of developing gynecomastia. Clinicians may want to convey this information to male patients who require long‐term PPI therapy.
TMT‐Based Proteomics Profiling of Bovine Liver Underscores Protein Markers of Anabolic Treatments
Authors: Biancotto Giancarlo , Bovo Davide , Mastrorilli Eleonora , Manuali Elisabetta , Angeletti Roberto , Stella Roberto 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIllegal use of growth promoter compounds in food production exposes consumers to health risk. Surveillance of such practices is based on direct detection of drugs or related metabolites by HPLC‐MS/MS. Screening strategies focusing on indirect biological responses are considered promising tools to improve surveillance. In this study, an untargeted shotgun proteomics approach based on tandem mass tags (TMTs) is carried out to identify proteins altered in bovine liver after different anabolic treatments. Three controlled pharmacological treatments with dexamethasone, a combination of dexamethasone and clenbuterol, or a combination of sexual steroids (trenbolone and estradiol) are analyzed. Untargeted TMT analysis of liver digests by high resolution MS allowed for the relative quantification of proteins. Thanks to partial least squarediscriminant analysis, a set of proteins capable to classify animals treated with dexamethasone alone (11 proteins), or in combination with clenbuterol (13 proteins) are identified. No significant difference is found upon administration of sexual steroids. After relative quantification of candidate markers by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), two predictive models are trained to validate protein markers. Finally, an independent animal set of control bulls and bulls treated with dexamethasone is analyzed by PRM to further validate a predictive model giving an accuracy of 100%.
The tandem zinc finger RNA binding domain of members of the tristetraprolin protein family
Authors: Lai Wi S. , Wells Melissa L. , Perera Lalith , Blackshear Perry J. 
Published: March 2019

Tristetraprolin (TTP), the prototype member of the protein family of the same name, was originally discovered as the product of a rapidly inducible gene in mouse cells. Development of a knockout (KO) mouse established that absence of the protein led to a severe inflammatory syndrome, due in part to elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). TTP was found to bind directly and with high affinity to specific AU‐rich sequences in the 3′‐untranslated region of the TNF mRNA. This initial binding led to promotion of TNF mRNA decay and inhibition of its translation. Many additional TTP target mRNAs have since been identified, some of which are cytokines and chemokines involved in the inflammatory response. There are three other proteins in the mouse with similar activities and domain structures, but whose KO phenotypes are remarkably different. Moreover, proteins with similar domain structures and activities have been found throughout eukaryotes, demonstrating that this protein family arose from an ancient ancestor. The defining characteristic of this protein family is the tandem zinc finger (TZF) domain, a 64 amino acid sequence with many conserved residues that is responsible for the direct RNA binding. We discuss here many aspects of this protein domain that have been elucidated since the original discovery of TTP, including its sequence conservation throughout eukarya; its apparent continued evolution in some lineages; its functional dependence on many key conserved residues; its “interchangeability” among evolutionarily distant species; and the evidence that RNA binding is required for the physiological functions of the proteins.This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Necessary parameter setting of the finite‐difference method for determining selected rotor‐dynamics characteristics
Authors: Goraj Robert 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study is to analyse the adequacy of the finite difference‐method (FDM) for determining the stability boundary of a rigid rotor mounted on short hydrodynamic plain journal bearings through the solution of the Reynolds partial differential equation (PDE). The Reynolds equation, obtained by coupling the equation of motion with the continuity equation, governs the pressure distribution in a lubricant film. The quasi stationary form of this equation requires normalization prior to solving, for the numerical error of the FDM to be minimized. Except for numerical benefits, the dimensionless form of the PDE is universally applicable to a bride spectrum of tribological problems, including hydrodynamic plain journal bearings. The present study first examines the adequacy of solver settings, including the computational grid, through comparison of the corresponding numerical results with an analytical solution obtained by means of the Short Bearing Theory (SBT). Two characteristic tribological quantities are selected as the basis for comparison: the modified Sommerfeld number and the bearing attitude angle. Further, dimensionless stiffness and damping tensors, valid for any short hydrodynamic plain journal bearing, are determined from the numerically obtained distribution of the dimensionless hydrodynamic pressure. These two dimensionless tensors allow for the subsequent estimation of the stability boundary, which marks the dimensionless speed at which a given rigid rotor becomes dynamically unstable. The results of the current study demonstrate sensitivity of the FDM results to the numerical step size. The corresponding numerical error is verified using the SBT and presented as function of the dimensionless (relative) journal eccentricity together with rotor start‐up curves. As a major finding, a dimensionless range of the step size is identified for the error to remain below 5%.
Frequency Limitations of Resonant-Tunnelling Diodes in Sub-THz and THz Oscillators and Detectors
Authors: Feiginov Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe review outlines the basic principles of operation of resonant-tunnelling diodes (RTDs) and RTD oscillators followed by an overview of their development in the last decades. Further, we discuss different types of RTDs and RTD oscillators, the limitations of RTDs due to parasitics, inherent limitations of RTDs and operation of RTDs as detectors. We also give an overview of the present status of sub-THz and THz RTD oscillators and give several examples of their applications.
Co-production in action: perceiving power in the organisational dimensions of a global biodiversity expert process
Authors: Montana Jasper 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOpening up knowledge–action systems to a wider range of disciplinary and societal actors is considered to be a necessary step in achieving transformative change for sustainability. In science for sustainability, there is a growing body of experience and literature of putting this ‘co-production’ into action. However, there is an opportunity to strengthen the application of analytical resources for more explicitly recognising and accounting for the power relations embedded in these initiatives. This paper deploys social theory from science and technology studies to develop an approach to perceive power relations between the participants, processes and products of co-production. This necessitates paying attention to the multiple and distributed organisational spaces where co-production takes place to discern: who participates; who (and what) is represented; how deliberations are structured; and how outcomes are circulated. This paper shows that these organisational dimensions of participation, representation, deliberation, and circulation not only give structure to co-productive forums, but can also define the power relations between their participants, processes and products. The paper then illustrates the applicability of this approach using the case of a current global expert process for biodiversity: The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). This case study offers insights on the challenges and opportunities for designing and evaluating co-production initiatives for sustainability.
Is the Family Size of Parents and Children Still Related? Revisiting the Cross-Generational Relationship Over the Last Century
Authors: Beaujouan Eva , Solaz Anne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn most developed countries, the fertility levels of parents and children are positively correlated. This article analyzes the strength of the intergenerational transmission of family size over the last century, including a focus on this reproduction in large and small families. Using the large-scale French Family Survey (2011), we show a weak but significant correlation of approximately 0.12–0.15, which is comparable with levels in other Western countries. It is stronger for women than men, with a gender convergence across cohorts. A decrease in intergenerational transmission is observed across birth cohorts regardless of whether socioeconomic factors are controlled, supporting the idea that the family of origin has lost implicit and explicit influence on fertility choices. As parents were adopting the two-child family norm, the number of siblings lost its importance for having two children, but it continues to explain lower parity and, above all, three-child families. This suggests that the third child has increasingly become an “extra child” (beyond the norm) favored by people from large families.
A Zygmund-type integral inequality for polynomials
Authors: Mir Abdullah 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Let P(z) be a polynomial of degree n which does not vanish in $$|z|<1$$

|
z
|
<
1

. Then it was proved by Hans and Lal (Anal Math 40:105–115, 2014) that $$\begin{aligned} \Bigg |z^s P^{(s)}+\beta \dfrac{n_s}{2^s}P(z)\Bigg |\le \dfrac{n_s}{2}\Bigg (\bigg |1+\dfrac{\beta }{2^s}\bigg |+\bigg | \dfrac{\beta }{2^s}\bigg |\Bigg )\underset{|z|=1}{\max }|P(z)|, \end{aligned}$$

|

z
s

P

(
s
)

+
β

n
s

2
s

P

(
z
)

|

≤

n
s

2

(

|

1
+

β

2
s

|

+

|

β

2
s

|

)

max

|
z
|
=
1

|
P

(
z
)

|

,

for every $$\beta \in \mathbb C$$

β
∈
C

with $$|\beta |\le 1,1\le s\le n$$

|
β
|
≤
1
,
1
≤
s
≤
n

and $$|z|=1.$$

|
z
|
=
1
.

The $$L^{\gamma }$$

L
γ

analog of the above inequality was recently given by Gulzar (Anal Math 42:339–352, 2016) who under the same hypothesis proved $$\begin{aligned}&\Bigg \{\int _0^{2\pi }\Big |e^{is\theta }P^{(s)}(e^{i\theta })+\beta \dfrac{n_s}{2^s}P(e^{i\theta })\Big |^ {\gamma } \mathrm{d}\theta \Bigg \}^\frac{1}{\gamma }\\&\quad \le n_s\Bigg \{\int _0^{2\pi }\Big |\Big (1+\dfrac{\beta }{2^s}\Big )e^{i\alpha }+\dfrac{\beta }{2^s}\Big |^{\gamma } \mathrm{d}\alpha \Bigg \}^\frac{1}{\gamma }\dfrac{\Bigg \{\int _0^{2\pi }\big |P(e^{i\theta })\big |^{\gamma } \mathrm{d}\theta \Bigg \}^\frac{1}{\gamma }}{\Bigg \{\int _{0}^{2\pi }\big |1+e^{i\alpha }\big |^\gamma \mathrm{d}\alpha \Bigg \}^\frac{1}{\gamma }}, \end{aligned}$$

{

∫
0

2
π

|

e

i
s
θ

P

(
s
)

(

e

i
θ

)

+
β

n
s

2
s

P

(

e

i
θ

)

|

γ

d
θ

}

1
γ

≤

n
s

{

∫
0

2
π

|

(

1
+

β

2
s

)

e

i
α

+

β

2
s

|

γ

d
α

}

1
γ

{

∫
0

2
π

|

P

(

e

i
θ

)

|

γ

d
θ

}

1
γ

{

∫

0

2
π

|

1
+

e

i
α

|

γ

d
α

}

1
γ

,

where $$n_s=n(n-1)\ldots (n-s+1)$$

n
s

=
n

(
n
-
1
)

…

(
n
-
s
+
1
)

and $$0\le \gamma <\infty $$

0
≤
γ
<
∞

.
In this paper, we generalize this and some other related results.