bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illuminating the shadows: the role of private supplementary tutoring on student math performance in PISA 2022
Authors: Karakus Mehmet , Tlessov Alisher , Hajar Anas , Courtney Matthew 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecent decades have witnessed a global expansion of private supplementary tutoring, known as shadow education—additional support in academic subjects that takes place outside of regular school hours. Using the data of 55 countries from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2022, this study examines the association between students’ participation in shadow education and their academic achievement in mathematics and how these relationships change for developed, developing, and East Asian regions. This study also sheds light on the moderating effect that socio-economic status has on the relationship between engagement in shadow education and math performance. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that, at the between-school level, only one of the five forms of shadow education, namely the degree to which students received asynchronous video-recorded instruction, was associated with improved math performance. Similarly, at the within-school level, only the degree to which students received video-recorded instruction was statistically significantly associated with improved mathematical outcomes. Incidentally, we find that institutional-related school-level factors such as the overall quality of student–teacher relationships, provision of math-related extra-curricular activities, and support in terms of peer-to-peer tutoring appear to be associated with improved school math performance, while the quality of student–teacher relationships and level of math teacher support also feature positively for students within-schools. Regarding differential effects by region, at the between-school level, only the degree to which students received large-group study or practice was associated with math performance in East Asian countries. With regards to the moderating effect of SES on the positive relationship between asynchronous shadow education and math performance, we find the effects to be negative, suggesting that asynchronous engagement might be more beneficial for students from lower SES backgrounds. Finally, while the overall negative relationships between synchronous forms of shadow education and math performance appear counter-intuitive, we speculate that this may reflect the use of such tutoring for remedial purposes. We suggest that further research into these “remedial reverse effects” in post-COVID AI-bot-capable educational contexts may provide a more definitive understanding of the role that student engagement in shadow education has on their academic performance.
Recent progress in realizing novel one-dimensional polymorphs via nanotube encapsulation
Authors: Lee Yangjin , Choi Uje , Kim Kwanpyo , Zettl Alex 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEncapsulation of various materials inside nanotubes has emerged as an effective method in nanotechnology that facilitates the formation of novel one-dimensional (1D) structures and enhances their functionality. Because of the effects of geometrical confinement and electronic interactions with host nanotubes, encapsulated materials often exhibit low-dimensional polymorphic structures that differ from their bulk forms. These polymorphs exhibit unique properties, including altered electrical, optical, and magnetic behaviors, making them promising candidates for applications in electronics, energy storage, spintronics, and quantum devices. This review explores recent advancements in the encapsulation of a wide range of materials such as organic molecules, elemental substances, metal halides, metal chalcogenides, and other complex compounds. In particular, we focus on novel polymorphs formed through the geometrical confinement effect within the nanotubes. The atomic structure, other key properties, and potential applications of these encapsulated materials are discussed, highlighting the impact of nanotube encapsulation on their functionalities.
Graphical Abstract
Social contagion, the psychiatric symptom pool and non-suicidal self-injury
Authors: Paris Joel 
Published: December 2024

Summary
There is evidence that social contagion plays a role in shaping the clinical presentation of some psychiatric symptoms, particularly affecting features that vary over time and culture. Some symptoms can increase so rapidly in prevalence that they become ‘epidemic’. The mechanism involves a spread through peers and/or the media. Within broader domains of psychopathology, this process draws from a ‘symptom pool’ that can determine which specific symptoms will appear. This article illustrates these mechanisms by focusing on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), a syndrome that has been subject to social contagion and whose prevalence may have increased among adolescents.
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis, depression and risk of suicide: commentary, Luo et al
Authors: Nemeroff Charles B. 
Published: December 2024

Summary
There is a considerable literature on the relationship of thyroid function with risk of depression and responsiveness to depression treatment. This literature is briefly reviewed here, followed by a focus on the incremental advance provided by the findings of Luo et al on autoimmune thyroiditis and suicide attempts.
Parsing stigma's relationship with the psychosocial functioning of youth identified as at clinical high risk for psychosis: evaluating whether symptom stigma or labelling stigma is stronger
Authors: Yang Lawrence H. , Grivel Margaux M. , Blasco Drew , Girgis Ragy R. , Huang Debbie , Woodberry Kristen A. , Corcoran Cheryl M. , McFarlane William R. , Link Bruce G. 
Published: December 2024

Background
The clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-p) syndrome enables early identification of individuals at risk of schizophrenia and related disorders. We differentiate between the stigma associated with the at-risk identification itself (‘labelling-related’ stigma) versus stigma attributed to experiencing mental health symptoms (‘symptom-related’ stigma) and examine their relationships with key psychosocial variables.

Aims
We compare labelling- and symptom-related stigma in rates of endorsement and associations with self-esteem, social support loss and quality of life.

Method
We assessed stigma domains of shame-related emotions, secrecy and experienced discrimination for both types of stigma. Individuals at CHR-p were recruited across three sites (N = 150); primary analyses included those who endorsed awareness of psychosis risk (n = 113). Paired-sample t-tests examined differences in labelling- versus symptom-related stigma; regressions examined associations with psychosocial variables, controlling for covariates, including CHR-p symptoms.

Results
Respondents reported greater symptom-related shame, but more labelling-related secrecy. Of the nine significant associations between stigma and psychosocial variables, eight were attributable to symptom-related stigma, even after adjusting for CHR-p symptoms.

Conclusions
Stigma attributed to symptoms had a stronger negative association with psychosocial variables than did labelling-related stigma among individuals recently identified as CHR-p. That secrecy related to the CHR-p designation was greater than its symptom-related counterpart suggests that labelling-related stigma may still be problematic for some CHR-p participants. To optimise this pivotal early intervention effort, interventions should address the holistic ‘stigmatising experience’ of having symptoms, namely any harmful reactions received as well as participants’ socially influenced concerns about what their experiences mean, in addition to the symptoms themselves.
Adolf Weber's Munich School of Economics and Its Influence on the Early Bundesbank: The Example of Bernhard Benning
Authors: Greitens Jan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the early years of the history of the Bundesbank from a history of economic thought perspective. The study uses the example of Bernhard Benning, who headed the Economics Department of the Reichs-Kredit-Gesellschaft, one of the major banks owned by the German Reich during the National Socialist era. After the war Benning was appointed a member of the board of directors of the Deutsche Bundesbank for twenty-two years. As a student of Adolf Weber and his Munich school of economics, Benning's views were shaped by classical liberal rather than ordoliberal ideas. His legitimacy in postwar Germany stemmed from his public opposition to war financing and warnings about inflation during the Donner-Benning Debate of 1942–43. In this tradition, the early Bundesbank was Weberian rather than ordoliberal, so, for instance, fixed exchange rates were favored, and a strong business and investment perspective was adopted.
A Pax3 lineage gives rise to transient haematopoietic progenitors
Authors: Canu Giovanni , Correra Rosamaria , Diez-Pinel Guillermo , Castellan Raphaël F. P. , Denti Laura , Fantin Alessandro , Ruhrberg Christiana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
During embryonic development, muscle tissues, skin, and a subset of vascular endothelial cells arise from Pax3-expressing embryonic progenitors defined as paraxial mesoderm. By contrast, haemogenic potential is well established for extra-embryonic mesoderm and intra-embryonic lateral plate mesoderm, which do not express Pax3. To date, it is not known whether the haematopoietic system also contains Pax3 lineage cells. Here, we show that the mouse foetal liver and foetal circulation contain a transient population of Pax3 lineage cells with hallmarks of haematopoietic progenitors and the potential to generate both myeloid and erythroid cells. We propose that Pax3 lineage haematopoietic cells should be investigated to better understand normal haematopoietic development from different mesodermal derivatives. Further, genetic alterations of Pax3 lineage haematopoietic cells should be investigated for their potential to cause haematopoietic malignancies.
Hedgehog-dependent and hedgehog-independent roles for growth arrest specific 1 in mammalian kidney morphogenesis
Authors: Franks Nicole E. , Allen Benjamin L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Growth arrest specific 1 (GAS1) is a key regulator of mammalian embryogenesis, best known for its role in hedgehog (HH) signaling, but with additional described roles in the FGF, RET, and NOTCH pathways. Previous work indicated a later role for GAS1 in kidney development through FGF pathway modulation. Here, we demonstrate that GAS1 is essential for both mesonephrogenesis and metanephrogenesis – most notably, Gas1 deletion in mice results in renal agenesis in a genetic background-dependent fashion. Mechanistically, GAS1 promotes mesonephrogenesis in a HH-dependent fashion, performing a unique co-receptor function, while promoting metanephrogenesis in a HH-independent fashion, acting as a putative secreted RET co-receptor. Our data indicate that Gas1 deletion leads to renal agenesis through a transient reduction in metanephric mesenchyme proliferation – a phenotype that can be rescued by exogenous RET pathway stimulation. Overall, this study indicates that GAS1 contributes to early kidney development through the integration of multiple different signaling pathways.
Reprogramming of cells during embryonic transfating: overcoming a reprogramming block
Authors: Berrio Alejandro , Miranda Esther , Massri Abdull J. , Afanassiev Anton , Schiebinger Geoffrey , Wray Gregory A. , McClay David R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Regulative development, demonstrated by many animal embryos, is the ability to replace missing cells or parts. The underlying molecular mechanism(s) of that ability is not well understood. If sea urchin micromeres (skeletogenic cell progenitors) are removed at the 16-cell stage, early endoderm initiates a sequential switch in cell fates, called transfating. Without micromeres, other mesoderm cells are absent as well, because their specification depends on signaling from micromeres. Most mesoderm cells later return by transfating, but pigment cells do not. Single-cell RNA sequencing, tracked over time, reveals the reprogramming sequence of those replacements. Beginning with an early endoderm specification state, cells progress through endomesoderm, then mesoderm, and finally distinct skeletogenic and blastocoelar cell specification states emerge, but pigment cells do not. Rescue of pigment cells was found to be a consequence of signal timing: if Delta is expressed prior to Nodal, pigment cells return. Thus, transfating operates through a series of gene regulatory state transitions, and reprogramming fails if endogenous negative signals occur prior to positive signals in the reprogramming sequence.
Loss of function of VCP/TER94 causes neurodegeneration
Authors: Tsumaki Kohei , Bertens Christian J. F. , Nakayama Minoru , Kato Saya , Jonao Yuki , Kuribayashi Ayu , Sato Konosuke , Ishiyama Shota , Asakawa Momoko , Aihara Riko , Yoshioka Yuki , Homma Hidenori , Tanaka Hikari , Fujita Kyota , Okazawa Hitoshi , Sone Masaki 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Variants in several genes are linked to human frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) associated with TDP43- and/or ubiquitin-positive inclusions. However, it is not yet clear whether the underlying mechanism is a gain-of-function or a loss-of-function one. To answer this question, we used Drosophila expressing double-stranded RNA against the FTLD-associated gene TER94 (an ortholog of VCP/p97) and found that the knockdown (KD) of this gene caused premature lethality, reduction in brain volume and alterations in the morphology of mushroom bodies. The changes caused by TER94 KD were rescued by wild-type TER94 but not by the human disease-linked A229E mutant, indicating that this mutant causes loss of function. Alterations were also observed in pupal brains and were partially rescued by co-expression of Mcm2, which is involved in control of the cell cycle, suggesting that dysregulation of neuronal proliferation caused the phenotypes. TER94 KD also caused the disappearance of TBPH (an ortholog of TDP43/TARDBP) from nuclei. These data from Drosophila genetics suggest that VCP-linked FTLD is caused by loss-of-function of VCP.
Πρόταση για αξιοποίηση των εικονικών πειραμάτων στο εκπαιδευτικό εργαστήριο Φυσικής
Authors: Βελέντζας Αθανάσιος , Δημακοπούλου Άλκηστη , Θεοδώνης Ιωάννης 
Published: December 2024

Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζεται μια εκπαιδευτική πρόταση για την αξιοποίηση των εικονικών πειραμάτων παράλληλα με την εκτέλεση πραγματικών πειραμάτων στο εκπαιδευτικό εργαστήριο. Συγκεκριμένα δοκιμάστηκε η χρήση εικονικού πειράματος για την προετοιμασία και την εξοικείωση των σπουδαστών/τριών με το αντίστοιχο πραγματικό πείραμα, το οποίο πραγματοποίησαν στη συνέχεια. Τα ευρήματα δείχνουν ότι η προτεινόμενη διαδικασία βοηθά τους σπουδαστές/τριες στην προετοιμασία και εξοικείωσή τους τόσο με την εκτέλεση όσο και την επεξεργασία των δεδομένων του πραγματικού πειράματος. Επιπλέον, οι σπουδαστές/τριες δηλώνουν σε πολύ μεγάλο ποσοστό ότι βρίσκουν την προτεινόμενη διαδικασία της εκτέλεσης εικονικού πειράματος ως προετοιμασία για το πραγματικό πείραμα, περισσότερο ενδιαφέρουσα και υποβοηθητική σχετικά με την προετοιμασία μέσω ανάγνωσης απλού κειμένου.
Λογοτεχνία και Φυσικές Επιστήμες: Η Μαρί Κιουρί μέσα από την ψηφιακή αφήγηση
Authors: Καραγιάννη Σοφία , Πασπαλιάρη Μαίρη , Ιωακειμίδου Βασιλική , Πήλιουρας Παναγιώτης 
Published: December 2024

Η ψηφιακή αφήγηση αποτελεί έναν εναλλακτικό τρόπο αφήγησης ιστοριών. Ταυτόχρονα, είναι ένα εκπαιδευτικό εργαλείο που διευκολύνει τη διδασκαλία και ενισχύει τη μάθηση. Οι μαθητές/ήτριες εξασκούνται σε δεξιότητες του 21ου αιώνα, αξιοποιώντας την ψηφιακή αφήγηση που αφενός ανταποκρίνεται στα ενδιαφέροντά τους και αφετέρου στις επιταγές της σύγχρονης ψηφιακής κοινωνίας. Μέσα από λογοτεχνικά κείμενα, καθώς και τη συνεργατική και διερευνητική μάθηση, οι μαθητές/ήτριες έρχονται σε επαφή με τη ζωή και το έργο της Μαρίας Κιουρί, ανακαλύπτουν τη συμβολή της στην επιστήμη και δημιουργούν ένα ψηφιακό παραμύθι. Το αποτέλεσμα αυτής της δράσης είναι οι μαθητές/ήτριες να γνωρίσουν τη σπουδαία επιστήμονα και την εποχή της, αναπτύσσοντας ταυτόχρονα ένα σύνολο δεξιοτήτων γραμματισμού κατά τη διάρκεια του σχεδιασμού, της δημιουργίας και της παρουσίασης της ψηφιακής τους ιστορίας.
Αξιολόγηση των μαθητών του Λυκείου στη Φυσική με εργαστηριακή αναφορά. Μια περίπτωση εφαρμογής
Authors: Τσούκος Σεραφείμ , Λάζος Παναγιώτης , Κατέρης Αλέξανδρος , Τζαμαλής Παύλος , Βελέντζας Αθανάσιος 
Published: December 2024

Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζεται μία περίπτωση εφαρμογής της αξιολόγησης των μαθητών με εργαστηριακή αναφορά, όπως προβλέπεται από το νέο Πρόγραμμα Σπουδών της Φυσικής του Λυκείου. Οι εργαστηριακές αναφορές πραγματοποιήθηκαν από μαθητές της Β΄ Λυκείου στο μάθημα της Φυσικής Προσανατολισμού Θετικών Σπουδών κατά το πρώτο τετράμηνο του σχολικού έτους 2022-2023. Στην εφαρμογή συμμετείχαν 40 μαθητές ενός Προτύπου Λυκείου των Αθηνών και το θέμα της ήταν η διερεύνηση της απώλειας ενέργειας μεταξύ διαδοχικών αναπηδήσεων μιας μπάλας του μπάσκετ. Οι μαθητές, για να μετρήσουν τα χρονικά διαστήματα μεταξύ των διαδοχικών κρούσεων της μπάλας με το δάπεδο χρησιμοποίησαν την ελεύθερη εφαρμογή phyphox την οποία είχαν προεγκαταστήσει σε μία έξυπνη κινητή συσκευή (ΕΚΣ).
Εκπαίδευση STEM και επιστημονικές πρακτικές: Η περίπτωση του προγράμματος «Διάχυση STEM»
Authors: Στεφανίδου Κωνσταντίνα , Μιχαλόπουλος Βασίλης , Μπόικος Ηλίας , Μανδρίκας Αχιλλέας , Χαλκίδης Άνθιμος , Χατζάκη Μαρία , Σκορδούλης Κωνσταντίνος 
Published: December 2024

Στην παρούσα εργασία διερευνάται η εξοικείωση των μαθητών δημοτικού σχολείου με τις πρακτικές της επιστήμης μετά την πραγματοποίηση συγκεκριμένου προγράμματος STEM. Το εκπαιδευτικό πρόγραμμα STEM εστιάζει στη συλλογή, ανάλυση, σύγκριση δεδομένων από διαφορετικές πηγές – μετεωρολογικούς σταθμούς και δίνει στους μαθητές την ευκαιρία να εξασκηθούν σε αρκετές από τις επιστημονικές πρακτικές. Τα πρώτα ευρήματα της έρευνας είναι συγκρατημένα θετικά σε ό,τι αφορά τη βελτίωση των μαθητών στο να αναγνωρίζουν και να αξιοποιούν συγκεκριμένες επιστημονικές πρακτικές, όπως η ανάπτυξη και χρήση μοντέλων, η ανάλυση και ερμηνεία δεδομένων, η χρήση των μαθηματικών και η επικοινωνία και παρουσίαση των αποτελεσμάτων.
Οι πρακτικές επικοινωνίας της κλιματικής αλλαγής στο ευρύ κοινό από STEM ερευνητές/-τριες
Authors: Κοκολάκη Αθανασία , Σταύρου Δημήτρης , Avraamidou Lucy 
Published: December 2024

Η παρούσα εργασία εξετάζει τις υφιστάμενες πρακτικές που ακολουθούν STEM ερευνητές/-τριες αναφορικά με την επικοινωνία της κλιματικής αλλαγής στο ευρύ κοινό καθώς και το πώς αυτές οι πρακτικές διαμορφώνονται έπειτα από ένα πρόγραμμα επαγγελματικής ανάπτυξης των STEM ερευνητών/-τριων σε στρατηγικές εμπλοκής του ευρέος κοινού σε δράσεις για το κλίμα. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 18 ερευνητές/-τριες, που εργάζονται είτε σε πανεπιστημιακά ιδρύματα και ερευνητικά κέντρα της χώρας είτε σε κέντρα επιστήμης και τεχνολογίας. Τα αποτελέσματα αναδεικνύουν την υλοποίηση σχολικών επισκέψεων στα ερευνητικά κέντρα και τη διεξαγωγή ομιλιών για διάχυση των ερευνητικών αποτελεσμάτων στο ευρύ κοινό ως τις κυρίαρχες πρακτικές που υιοθετούν οι ερευνητές/-τριες ενώ αναδεικνύεται και η πρόθεσή τους για εμπλουτισμό των δράσεων που υλοποιούν με πτυχές της φύσης της επιστήμης ως ένας τρόπος ενίσχυσης της εμπιστοσύνης του κοινού απέναντι στην επιστήμη.
Ανάπτυξη δεξιοτήτων που αφορούν στον σχεδιασμό διερευνήσεων και τη συγκρότηση επιχειρημάτων για τη θρέψη των φυτών σε μαθητές της Β’ τάξης του Δημοτικού σχολείου
Authors: Συκοφύλλου Τσαμπίκα , Σκουμιός Μιχαήλ 
Published: December 2024

Η εργασία αυτή εξετάζει την επίδραση μιας διδακτικής παρέμβασης για τη θρέψη των φυτών, στις δεξιότητες των μαθητών του δημοτικού σχολείου που αφορούν στο σχεδιασμό διερευνήσεων και τη συγκρότηση επιχειρημάτων που βασίζονται σε αποδεικτικά στοιχεία. Για τη διδακτική παρέμβαση που εφαρμόστηκε σε 50 μαθητές της Β΄ τάξης του δημοτικού σχολείου, αναπτύχθηκε εκπαιδευτικό υλικό για τη θρέψη των φυτών, το οποίο βασίστηκε στην προσέγγιση της «μάθησης μέσω πρακτικών». Τα δεδομένα της έρευνας απετέλεσαν οι απαντήσεις των μαθητών σε ερωτηματολόγιο πριν και μετά από τη διδακτική παρέμβαση και στα φύλλα εργασίας. Από την ανάλυση των δεδομένων προέκυψε ότι η διδακτική παρέμβαση βελτίωσε τις δεξιότητες των μαθητών να σχεδιάζουν διερευνήσεις και να συγκροτούν επιχειρήματα για τη θρέψη των φυτών.
Can Theurgy Save the World?
Authors: Dillon John 
Published: December 2024

The occasion for this paper has been the reading over a projected new edition of Proclus’ treatise On the Hieratic Art, which is a commendation of theurgy. The premise behind theurgy, as I take it, is that the physical world has in fact been sown by the gods with a great variety of symbola, or ‘clues’, which, if put together correctly and respectfully, can draw down the power of gods or daemons, and achieve many practical advantages. What I wish to argue here is that an increased respect for the way the world is put together should prove the basis for a properly ‘ecological’ approach to our environment, and that would equate to a modern version of theurgy. I argue that the ‘theurgic’ attitude to Matter, largely adopted by Iamblichus, is in stark contrast to that adopted by Platonism in general, and indeed by the Christian tradition following on from it, into the ‘scientific’ mind-set of the modern world.
A consensus-based, revised and comprehensive catalogue for Mediterranean water masses acronyms
Authors: SCHROEDER KATRIN , BEN ISMAIL SANA , BENSI MANUEL , BOSSE ANTHONY , CHIGGIATO JACOPO , CIVITARESE GIUSEPPE , FALCIERI M FRANCESCO , FUSCO GIANNETTA , GAČIĆ MIROSLAV , GERTMAN ISAAC , KUBIN ELISABETH , MALANOTTE-RIZZOLI PAOLA , MARTELLUCCI RICCARDO , MENNA MILENA , OZER TAL , TAUPIER-LETAGE ISABELLE , VARGAS-YÁÑEZ MANUEL , VELAORAS DIMITRIS , VILIBIĆ IVICA 
Published: December 2024

Addressing the need for clear communication in Mediterranean oceanography, this study presents a revised and comprehensive catalogue of water mass acronyms. Although there is no universal set of standard rules for assigning acronyms to water masses, as these can vary among different research groups, regions, or scientific communities, scientists generally aim for clarity and consistency when naming and abbreviating water masses to facilitate communication within the scientific community. The team of experts, guided by the CIESM (the Mediterranean Science Commission) C2 Committee on the Physics and Climate of the Ocean, reviewed existing literature and established new acronyms and naming guidelines. This standardized system, emphasizing clarity and consistency, replaces the current variable practices employed by different research groups.