bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age, HF-isotope systemantics of detritial zircons and the source of conglomerates of the mt. Southern Demerdzhy, Mountainous Crimea
Authors: Rud’ko S. V. , Kuznetsov N. B. , Belousova E. A. , Romanyuk T. V. 
Published: September 2019

The U–Pb dating and Hf isotope systematics of detrital zircons from a sandstone interbed in the section of the upper conglomerate sequence of the Mt. South Demerdzhi were carried out.
The dominant populations of detrital zircons in the studied sample characterize episodes of magmatic activity within the source of the Upper Jurassic conglomerates. Magmatism was manifested in the Vendian-Cambrian, Carbon-Triassic and Late Jurassic. The åHf values of detrital zircons of these ages indicate the insignificant role of the ancient (Archean–Early Proterozoic) continental crust in the protolith of magmatic chambers. The similarity of the detrital zircons age distribution from the Middle Jurassic and Upper Jurassic conglomerate strata suggests that they are molasses of the Cimmerian orogen. The absence of products of Middle Jurassic magmatism in molasses of the Cimmerian orogen, which we fixed, limits position of the Cimmerian orogen in the southern part of the Scythian plate. It is shown that the primary source of the Precambrian detrital zircons were mobilized within the Cimmerian orogen the crustal fragments of the Peri-Gondwanan origin, rather than the basement complexes of the East European Platform, similar to the complexes of the Ukrainian shield.
The reconstruction of the main stages of the accumulation of the coarse-grained strata of the Mountaineous Crimea in the context of the tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Laurasia during the Mesozoic is presented.
The Significance of Troponin and Ck-Mb in Association with Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Harahap Urip , Margata Linda 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the global main cause of morbidity and mortality. AMI describes the process of cell death due to prolonged ischemia identified by the appearance of pathological Q-wave in electrocardiogram (ECG). Myocardial cell death does not occur directly after the onset of myocardial ischemia, however, it occurs more than 6 hours after the onset. Thus, certain cardiac markers, such as cardiac troponin and creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) which formed in myocardial cell damage, play a vital role in diagnosing AMI.
Keywords: Cardiac Biomarker, CK-MB, Diagnosis, Q-wave Myocardial Infarction, Troponin
Antimicrobial Activity of Liquid Soap Containing Turmeric (Curcuma domestica val.) and Lemongrass (cymbopogon nardus l.) Leaf Juice
Authors: Nazliniwaty  , Erly Sitompul  
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to formulate an antimicrobial liquid soap containing 25% turmeric and lemongrass leaf juice. Lemongrass leaf juice and turmeric juice 25% were formulated into a liquid soap. Stability, pH and viscosity of the liquid soap were evaluated. For stability tests, the preparation was stored for 3 months at room temperaure. The pH test was measured by Hanna pH meter. The viscosity test,was measured by Brookfield viscometer.The antimicrobial activity of the liquid soap was measured by disc diffusion method using bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermis, Eschericia coli, Microsporum gypseum and Candida albicans. Physical properties of the formulated liquid soap including pH, viscosity, and stability showed that it was stable for 3 months. The results of antimicrobial test of the liquid soap containing turmeric and lemongrass leaf juice showed that the inhibition diameter against Staphylococcus epidermis, Eschericia coli, Microsporum gypseum and Candida albicans were 22.89, 27.05, 24.30, and 33.05 mm, respectively, while the liquid soap without the juice were 20.76, 19.50, 20.50 and 21.46 mm, respectively. The soap was effective in inhibiting the growth of microbes. Combination of turmeric and lemongrass leaf juice increased the inhibitory zone diameter of the liquid soap for microbe.
Keywords: Antimicrobial Agent, Lemongrass Leaf, Liquid Soap, Turmeric Leaf.
Study on Acute Oral Toxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Annonasquamosa Leaves in Mice (Musmusculus)
Authors: Khairunnisa  , Dita Utami Andini , Marianne  
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The aims of this study were to determine the potential for acute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with LD50 and the histopathological changes in liver and kidney of mice.This research used experimental method as per fixed dose method. The number of animals used in this research were 20 female mice. The study was divided into 2 steps, there were sighting and main studies. The control group was given Na-CMC 0.5%, the treatment groups were given ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 5, 50, 300, 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves with doses of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw did not show any toxicity signs. At a dose of 5,000 mg/kg bw caused hydropic degeneration, necrosis hepatocyte, glomerular atrophy, and tubular dilatation. There was no mortality was observed.It was estimated that LD50 of ethanolic extract of A.squamosa leaves was higher than 5,000 mg/kg bw and the extract were practically non-toxic.
Keywords: Acute Toxicity, Annona squamosa, Ethanolic Extract
Formulation of Antiacne Cream Dosage Form Containing Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Pericarp Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Supomo  , Apriliana Anita , Purnawati Titin , Risqi Ainur 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The aim of this study was to formulate ethanolic extract of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp (EEMP) in the antiacne cream dosage form. The formulae were made with 3 varied concentrations of 0.5%, 1.5% and 4.5%. The tests carried out in this study were organoleptic cream preparations (odor, color, texture), homogeneity, pH, determination of the type of cream, spreadability, and the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The results of physical property evaluations showed that the EEMP indicated the pH value of 6, the spredability of the cream increased along with the increasing length of storage time. Duncan Test on the measurement of diameter dispersibility based on storage time showed that there were significant differences between the spreadability of the cream B and C. The cream produced was easy to wash indicating oil in water (o/w) type. The results of antibacterial activity test applying agar diffusion method using Mueller Hinton medium Agar (MHA) indicated that the inhibition zones of formulae II and III were 5.2 and 6 mm, respectively. Whereas, the formula I as well as the negative control showed no inhibition zones. It can be concluded that the EEMP can be formulated as an antiacne cream. The best cream formula was the formula II with the results of physical properties test were quite stable and able to produce inhibition zone against Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Keywords: Garcinia mangostana, cream, antiacne, antibacterial, Staphylococcus epidermidis.
The Effect of Boiling Time and the Type of Utensil Used on the Nitrite and Nitrate Contents in Carrots (Daucus carota L.)
Authors: Silalahi Jansen , Aritonang Shena Keshia , Muchlisyam  
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of boiling time using utensils made of different metal component on thenitrate and nitrite contentsin carrots. The carrots were obtained from Jaranguda Village, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. The utensil types used for boiling were made of stainless steel, what so called periuk and aluminum and boiling time were 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes.The determination of nitrite was done by visible spectrophotometer using sulfanilic acid and N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride reagentsand absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 540 nm. The determinationof nitrate wascarried out by reducing the nitrate into nitrite using Zinc powder and diluted HCl then measured as nitrite. The nitritelevel was then convertedinto nitrate. The result showed that the utensil types and boiling time affected the levels of nitrate and nitrite in carrots. The nitrate and nitrite levels in fresh carrots was 32.14 mg/kg and 24.78 mg/kg respectively. After boiling for 5 minutes, the nitrate and nitrite levels decreased significantly. Further boiling of boiled carrots, the nitrite levelincreased in the aluminum utensil from 11.00 mg/kg to 20.15 mg/kg (83 %); in periuk from 9.18 mg/kg to 16.95 mg/kg (78%) andin stainless steelfrom 8.21 mg/kg to 11.75 mg/kg (43%). While the nitrate level decreased in aluminumutensil from 27.14 mg/kg to 21.08 mg/kg (22%); stainless steel from 16.40 mg/kg to 13.25 mg/kg (19%) and periuk from 20.30 mg/kg to 16.51 mg/kg (18%). The results of this study indicated that the nitrite level increased, while nitrate level decreased with boiling time.The effect of utensil type used on boiling increased nitrite but decreased nitrate level in carrotsand these effects were found that the mostinfluential treatmentwas using utensil made of aluminum.
Keyword: Carrot, Boiling Time, Nitrate, Nitrit, Utensil Type
Antimicrobial Activities and Mechanism of Action of Petiveria alliacea Stem Extract
Authors: Mulyani Yani , Ika Kurnia Sukmawati  , Jajang Jafar Sodik  
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This research aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Petiveria alliacea stem (EEPS) against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by perforation and broth micro dilution methods. Study on the mechanism of action of EEPS was conducted by molecular docking and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results showed that EEPS had an inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans with MIC values of 256, 128, 256, 512 µg/ml, consecutively. These values are included in to the medium category. Through the process of molecular docking, the best interaction was observed between S-benzyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide with penicillin-binding protein receptor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa characterized by free energy change (ΔG) of 4.32 kcal/mol, and the Ki value of 682.16 μM. Four folds of MIC of the EEPS caused changes in the morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. EEPS possessed antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans.

Keywords: Antimicrobial Activity, Molecular Docking, Petiveria alliacea, SEM.
Preparation and Characterization of Dextrin in Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott Starch with Acid Catalyst and Enzymatic Methods
Authors: Sumaiyah  , Wiliantari Selvia , Karsono  
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Taro produces carbohydrate. It has the potential as a substitute material for wheat and rice or as diversification into food and raw materials for pharmaceutical industrial. The aim of this study is to prepare and characterize dextrin in Xanthosoma sagittifolium starch with acid catalyst and enzymatic methods. Xanthosoma sagittifolium was mashed and decanted with distilled water. Dextrin was made by acid catalyst method using HCl 1 N and enzymatic method using α-amylase enzyme. Dextrin was characterized and tested according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 01-2593-1992. The results showed that the yield from acid catalyst and enzymatic methods are 41.73 % and 67.10 %, respectively. The color test showed that dextrin from acid catalyst method is yellowish whereas the enzymatic method gives white dextrin. The qualitative test with lugol solution gives brownish purple dextrin. The characteristic of 80 mesh fineness for dextrin fabricated by acid and enzymatic methods are 94.7 % ± 0.06 and 93.96 % ± 0.02 respectively. Dextrin obtained from acid catalyst has higher water content (8.79 % ± 0.15) than dextrin from enzymatic methods (7.62 % ± 0.23) as well as dextrin from acid catalyst has higher the ash content (0.45 % ± 0.02) than dextrin from enzymatic method (0.42 % ± 0.04). Dextrin made from enzymatic method has higher solubility in cold water (63.09 % + 0.1) than dextrin from acid catalyst method (57.47 % ± 0.25). Dextrose equivalent for dextrin produced is 13.65 ± 0.36 and 15.31 ± 0.46 for acid catalyst and enzymatic methods. Melting points for dextrin obtained from acid catalyst and enzymatic methods are 185 oC ± 0.57 and 182 cC ± 0.57 respectively. Acidity degree of dextrin fabricated from acid catalyst and enzymatic methods are 2.86 ± 0.23 and 4.39 ± 0.4. The research shows that the characterization of dextrin by acid catalyst and enzymatic methods meet the quality requirements for Indonesia National Standard (SNI) 01-2593-1992.

Key words: Taro, dextrin, acid catalyst method, enzymatic method
Hepatoprotective Activity of Curcuma mangga Extract on Paracetamol-Induced Male Mice
Authors: Yuandani  , Mardaliza Silvia , Marianne  
Published: September 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract of Curcuma mangga rhizomes on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. High dose of paracetamol (1.35g/kg bw) was used to induce hepatic necrosis of mice liver. The male mice received ethanol extract of C. mangga rhizomes (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW) for 7 days. The hepatoprotective actvity of extract was compared to normal, positive (curcuma) and negative control. The liver function was evaluated by measuring the biochemistry parameters which include alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In addition, histophatological study on hepatic tissue section was also carried out. The C. mangga extract displayed hepatoprotective effect except at dose of 100 mg/kg bw. The increasing of serum levels of AST and ALT were inhibited after treatment with ethanol extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kb bw which was comparable with normal and curcuma as postive control (p>0.05). In addition, histological assessment of hepatic tissue demonstrated no liver damage, specially at dose of 400 mg/kb BW. The result indicate that ethanol extract of C. mangga rhizomes has hepatoprotective effect, especially at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg bw .

Keywords: C. mangga, rhizomes, biochemistry parameters, histopathology
Analysis of Amoxicillin and Tetracycline Residues in Chicken Meat Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Furi Mustika , Sinaga Siti Morin , Putra Effendy De Lux 
Published: September 2019

Antibiotics are commonly used as food additives in broiler farms and their use tends to be excessive regardless and incorrect that can leave some antibiotic residues in chicken meat. The aimed of this study was to analyze on antibiotic residues level amoxicillin and tetracycline in chicken meat sold in Medan. The antibiotic residues analysis was conducted by extracting the antibiotic from chicken meat with water and acetonitrile (2:8, v/v) and detected by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry detector using C-18 column (4.6 mm i.d., length 30 mm, particle size 1.8 µm) at 35 oC, with the mobile phases, 0.1 % formic acid solution in water and 0.1 % formic acid solution in methanol with gradient elution technique at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/minute. The result exhibited that the chicken meat that were collected from five markets in Medan apparently contained antibiotic residues tetracycline . The level of tetracyclin residue in chicken meat was 0.1157-1.4436 µg/g, which exceed the maximum level for tetracyclin residue allowed in foodstuffs of animal origin which is 0.1 ug/g.

Keywords: residue, antibiotic, amoxicillin, tetracycline, chicken meat
Composition of Fatty Acid and Identification of Lauric Acid Position in Coconut and Palm Kernel Oils
Authors: Silalahi Jansen , Lida Karo Karo  , Sinaga Siti Morin , Yosy Cinthya Eriwaty Silalahi  
Published: September 2019

The nutritional value and biochemical properties of oil are measured by the fatty acids composition in oil and the position of fatty acids (sn-1,2,3) in the triacylglycerol (TAG) molecule. The purpose of this study was to measure the nutritional value based on the fatty acids composition of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm kernel oil (PKO), and the position of lauric acid in sn-2. The VCO used was VCO obtained from one of the Pharmacies store in Medan, and PKO from the Oil Processing Plant. The total fatty acid composition was measured by Gas Chromatography. The nutritional value of fat was evaluated by the percentage deviation from 33.33% (ratio: 1: 1: 1) of each group of fatty acid (saturated fatty acids; SFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; MUFA:polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The distribution of lauric acid in TAG was conducted through hydrolysis by using specific lipase enzymes active at sn-1,3 positions, so that free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol were produced from one TAG molecule. Then free fatty acids were determined by Gas Chromatography. The distribution of lauric acid at sn-2 position was the difference between total lauric acid on TAG before hydrolysis and free lauric acid from sn-1.3 position after hydrolysis. The results showed that PKO nutritional value was better because of the smaller deviation (95.29%) compared with nutritional value of VCO with a greater deviation (118.55%). Lauric acid in sn-2 from VCO and PKO showed that the distribution of lauric acid in sn-2 position was not different,48.33and 48.59%. Keywords: virgin coconut oil, palm kernel oil, composition of fatty acids, sn-2 position, lauric acids
Appropriateness of Antibiotic Utilization in Hospitalized Post-Surgery Patients
Authors: Nasution Azizah , Fashilah Noor , Nugraha Sony Eka 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. One of the most common health problems related to surgery is infection which needs treatment with antibiotics. Inappropriate use of antibiotics results in many problems including microbial resistance, interference of the required clinical outcomes, increasing side effects of the provided antibiotics and health resources utilization, causing toxic effects to the body organs, and even death. This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic utilization on post-surgery patients admitted to Haji Adam Malik (HAM) Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. This three-month prospective descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic utilization based on Gyssens method categorized into appropriate and inappropriate (in terms of dose, interval, route, too long provision, too short provision, less effective, toxicity, price, and the spectrum), and trustable literatures on post-surgery patients assessed from their medical records (n=31) in HAM Hospital Medan. Most (54.8%) of the patients were females. The study proved that 23 (74.2%) of the patients received appropriate/rational antibiotic therapy and 8 (25.8%) of them received inappropriate antibiotic therapy consisted of problems with: inappropriate dose, 13%; too long duration, 3.2%); too short duration, 29%. More than a quarter of the patients received inappropriate dosages of antibiotics.
Mineral Analysis in Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Tuber by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Masfria  , Rehulina Gultom  , Prayoga Tedy 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze minerals in gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) tuber.
Method: The analysis of minerals was conducted by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Results: The results showed that the concentration of iron, cadmium, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, copper and zinc were 0.6445 + 0.0029 mg/100g, 0.0011 + 0.0083 mg/100g, 265.2780 + 0.4652 mg/100g, 5.1015 + 0.0490 mg/100g, 8.3011 + 0.0974 mg/100g, 29.0237 + 0.0706 mg/100g, 0.1110 + 0.0019 mg/100g, and 0.6113 + 0.0026 mg/100g, respectively.
Conclulsion: The gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) tuber contains iron, cadmium, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, copper and zinc as the minerals.
The Effect of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma Domestica Val) Against the Durability of Yellow Rice Storage
Authors: Maha Hetty Lendora , Sitompul Erly , Silalahi Jansen 
Published: September 2019

Yellow cooked rice is a traditional food in some regions in Indonesia. Yellow cooked rice with the addition of turmeric and flavoring which can longer shelf life of savings because it has antibacterial activity and flavor. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val) to extend shelf life of yellow cooked rice. The samples used were made of yellow cooked rice with handmade and without any seasoning flavored with turmeric extract concentration of 1.8% and 2.4%. Organoleptic testing were conducted every 3 hours, test of microbial growth daily and inhibition of turmeric extract with a concentration of 1.8% and 2.4% of fungi isolated from yellow cooked rice with a total plate count method. Research showed that turmeric extract concentration and the addition of herbs affect the longer shelf life of yellow cooked rice store. High more and more concentration of the turmeric extract can made longer the shelf life of yellow cooked rice either through organoleptic and also total plate count. Yellow cooked rice without seasoning with turmeric extract concentration of 1.8% and 2.4% were 30 and 33 hours respectively, while the yellow cooked rice was flavored with the same concentration of turmeric extract were 36 and 39 hours respectively.
IMPLICATION OF FARMING CULTURE CHANGES ON FARMHOUSES IN NGADAS VILLAGE
Authors: Santoso Dian Kartika 
Published: September 2019

People in Ngadas Village have enough time to live in their fields. Therefore, the community build farmhouses to help farming activities. However, as an agricultural landscape, cultivation in Ngadas Village has various dynamics. Changes that occur in the agricultural landscape can be traced through agricultural features formed by the type of agricultural land use. In addition, it can be traced through cultural features that are the result of interactions between human activities and the environment such as farms. Therefore, this study aims to find out the implications of agricultural features on cultural features, especially space in house-fields. The in-depth interview and observation methods were conducted to identify, then the data obtained were analyzed by synchronous and diachronic methods. So, the changes that occur can be determined descriptively. The results of the study show that the culture of shifting cultivation that has become permanent causes the fields to develop along with the changes in the plants planted, the addition of activities and intensity of plant care. More fixed location of the farm more developed and permanent houses has been built. More activities carried out in the fields and the higher the intensity of plant care, the wider and more space needed for the fields.