bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Somewhere over the rainbow”
Authors: Bos Henny 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Somewhere over the rainbow: Reality, still a dream, or something between?

The legal and social climate for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals varies across countries. The Netherlands, for example, is known worldwide for its liberal and tolerant climate regarding LGBT people; other nations have less tolerant attitudes and some even penalize homosexuality. But even in the Netherlands, a substantial proportion of the population has the opinion that a child needs a mother and a father for healthy psychological development, and a large percentage disapproves of adoption rights and public expressions of intimacy for same-sex couples. As a consequence, the Netherlands could be described as a society that values the tolerance of homosexuality, while also endorsing heteronormative beliefs. It is in this heteronormative society that children and adolescents are confronted with assumptions that their parents should consist of a mother and a father who identify as heterosexual and who view their gender in binary terms (i.e., female or male). It is also a society in which young sexual minority and gender nonconforming youth are growing up. Less is known about how the health and well-being of sexual minority and gender nonconforming parents and the offspring who are born and raised in these families are influenced by the assumptions of heteronormative society as well as what growing up in such a society means for these youth. In mine Chair position within the Department of Child Development and Education of the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences I will concentrate on sexual and gender diversity in families and youth by encompassing research and education on (1) lesbian, gay, and transgender parenthood, and (2) sexual minority and gender nonconforming youth. In this slightly edited version of my inaugural lecture I describe why it is especially important to focus on protective factors and resiliency in lesbian, gay, and transgender families and in sexual minority and gender nonconforming youth.
Wat is opvoeding?
Authors: Steutel Jan , de Ruyter Doret 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

What is upbringing? A conceptual analysis

This paper offers a conceptual analysis of opvoeding by describing how this word is used in ordinary language. It shows that the Dutch word opvoeding has two different meanings and therefore expresses two different concepts. A first meaning clearly overlaps with the meaning of the word ‘upbringing’, even to such an extent that it is reasonable to assume that these terms express the same concept. It is a rather broad concept, as it covers a comprehensive whole of actions and practices, ranging from early childhood to the attainment of adulthood. The second meaning of opvoeding, however, is very close to the meaning of ‘to discipline’, in particular if reference is made to adult interventions in the child’s life. Used in this way the term expresses a concept that pertains to individual actions and therefore, if compared with the concept of upbringing, is a much more narrow one. In a rather detailed analysis of both concepts their differences and similarities are revealed. It is shown that the disciplining activities that are covered by the second concept are only a relatively modest part of upbringing. Next to disciplining the child, upbringing covers many other types of actions, such as setting a good example to the child, encouraging the child to aspire to particular ideals, or creating a supposedly beneficial environment for the child.
Adaption of Different Operation Strategies for a Sequencing Batch Reactor Plant Working at Seasonal Load Variations
Authors: Bercoff Alexandra , Morling Stig 
Published: June 2019

A small SBR-plant (Sequencing Batch Reactor) operating at substantial load variations has been examined with respect to performance at changing load conditions. The plant serves a ski resort area about 200 km north of Stockholm. The plant has a capacity equivalent to 700 pe and a daily flow of 100 m3/d. The results have been examined closely both by a one year follow-up study of the plant performance and also by a Master Thesis. The analysis of the performance study demonstrates how flexible an intermittently operated biological reactor is in treating varying loads, but also indicates possible operational strategies. It is important to keep in mind that the inlet concentrations of the main pollutants far exceed the “normal” values in untreated municipal wastewater. This circumstance is mainly attributed to a new and concentrated sewer system. Thus the amounts of diluting water are very limited.The treatment chain is built up by a pre-treatment stage, a biological and chemical treatment stage in an SBR-reactor and a final polishing stage where the water passes a fine grade screening filter.The requirements set for effluent water by the Environmental Protection Division on the Environmental Testing Advisory Board at the Swedish Environmental Agency are:• BOD7 < 10 ppm;• Total P < 0.3 ppm;No formal requirements have been addressed for COD, suspended solids (SS) or nitrogen. However, these pollution indicators have also been examined during the follow-up session. Typical performance results during the intense period (ski season) were as follows:
• BOD7 < 3 ppm, equivalent to a removal efficiency of around 99%;•COD < 40 ppm, equivalent to a removal efficiency of around 96 %;• SS < 5 ppm, equivalent to a removal efficiency of around 99 %;• Total P < 0.3 ppm, equivalent to a removal efficiency of around 98 %; and• Total N < 40 ppm, equivalent to a removal efficiency of around 77 %.Abbreviations: BOD7 means Biochemical Oxygen Demand measured during 7 days; COD means Chemical Oxygen Demand; SS means Suspended Solids, as captured on a filter with 0,45mm; SRT means Solids Residence Time.
The Effect of Preconceived Notions and the Lack of Fundamental Skills while Taking General Chemistry
Authors: Gilmore Malinda Wilson , Wilkerson Dwaynia , Hassan Razi 
Published: June 2019

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) are vital areas of national interest. However, there has been a gradual decline in the number of Bachelor of Science (BS) degrees issued in STEM based disciplines from United States’ colleges and universities. Research indicates too few stu- dents are equipped with the mathematical and analytical skills necessary to be successful in college level mathematics and science courses. Data indicates that millions of people are discouraged from studying mathematics and science because of false assumptions about who has the ability to master these subjects. It has been shown that in General Chemistry courses some students perform exceptionally well, but a large number of students avoid and/or have a fear of General Chemistry, which results in a high drop/failure/ withdrawal (DFW) rate. This is coupled with the fact that they enter college ill-prepared in mathematics and lacking analytical and verbal reasoning/critical thinking skills. This initial negative attitude and deficiency results in a frustrating experience in General Chemistry. It is for these reasons that a study was performed to address the overall goal of deter- mining the attitudes and identifying the foundational levels of the students from Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University (AAMU), a Historically Black College and Univer- sity (HBCU), currently enrolled in General Chemistry and at- tempt to determine the effect on their overall success in Gen- eral Chemistry. Subsequently, it was determined that a large percentage of students believe that attitude determines their overall success, but most lack self-confidence. In addition, some appeared college ready with respect to their mathemat- ical skills, but, they were lacking in verbal reasoning/critical thinking skills. As a result of a negative attitude and a lack of foundational skills, their grades reflected such negativity and over 50% of the students earned a grade of “C” or below. These studies revealed supportive evidence as to why there might be a decline in the number of BS graduates in STEM.
Validation of the sea ice surface albedo scheme of the regional climate model HIRHAM–NAOSIM using aircraft measurements during the ACLOUD/PASCAL campaigns
Authors: Jäkel Evelyn , Stapf Johannes , Wendisch Manfred , Nicolaus Marcel , Dorn Wolfgang , Rinke Annette 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. For large-scale and long-term Arctic climate simulations appropriate parameterization of the surface albedo is required.
Therefore, the sea ice surface (SIS) albedo parameterization of the coupled regional climate model HIRHAM–NAOSIM was examined against broadband surface albedo measurements performed during the joint ACLOUD (Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day) and PASCAL (Physical feedbacks of Arctic boundary layer, Sea ice, Cloud and AerosoL) campaigns, which were performed in May–June 2017 north of Svalbard. The SIS albedo parameterization was tested using measured quantities of the prognostic variables surface temperature and snow depth to calculate the surface albedo and the individual fractions of the ice surface subtypes (snow-covered ice, bare ice, and melt ponds) derived from digital camera images taken on board the Polar 5 and 6 aircraft.
The selected low-altitude (less than 100 m) flight sections of overall 12 flights were performed over surfaces dominated by snow-covered ice. It was found that the range of parameterized SIS albedo for individual days is smaller than that of the measurements. This was attributed to the biased functional dependence of the SIS albedo parameterization on temperature. Furthermore, a time-variable bias was observed with higher values compared to the modeled SIS albedo (0.88 compared to 0.84 for 29 May 2017) in the beginning of the campaign, and an opposite trend towards the end of the campaign (0.67 versus 0.83 for 25 June 2017). Furthermore, the surface type fraction parameterization was tested against the camera image product, which revealed an agreement within 1 %.
An adjustment of the variables, defining the parameterized SIS albedo, and additionally accounting for the cloud cover could reduce the root-mean-squared error from 0.14 to 0.04 for cloud free/broken cloud situations and from 0.06 to 0.05 for overcast conditions.
Management van stedelijke ontwikkeling
Authors: van Bueren Ellen 
Published: June 2019

Urban Development Management: Governing institutional change in support of sustainable cities
With her chair in urban development management, Ellen van Bueren investigates policy, governance and management issues. Cities, as economic and cultural centres in our society, are major consumers of resources. They not only contribute to problems such as climate change, but also experience the risks and consequences thereof. Technological solutions to these problems are difficult to implement. They require larger-scale system changes, or encounter resistance. Making cities sustainable not only requires technical solutions, but also institutional innovation. A socio-technical-ecological system approach to cities shows the coherence and complexity of issues. Issues play on multiple scales, are cross-sectoral, and require an interaction of citizens, companies, and governments. Moreover, the playing field between these groups of actors is changing rapidly, technological empowerment in particular has made the citizen a much more equal player alongside the government and business. Existing instruments and approaches are not sufficient to approach sustainability issues. To identify and address these issues, cooperation between science and society is necessary. Multi- and transdisciplinary learning environments enable researchers and students to identify issues, to answer questions and to try out solutions together with stakeholders. Such environments are indispensable for the development of sustainable cities.
Van wie is de verzorgingsstaat?
Authors: Fenger Menno 
Published: June 2019

Whose welfare state? Public administration as self-administration
The work of Elinor Ostrom suggests that under certain conditions local communities are better able to sustainably manage so-called common pool resources than an external party such as government. In this article I explore whether and to what extent those conditions also apply to the governance of the Dutch welfare state. I show that in the current participation society there are numerous examples in which self-governance seems to be successful and in which Ostrom’s conditions seem to play an important role. On that basis, I come to the conclusion that citizens – under certain institutional conditions – may be better able to resolve social problems among themselves than through external interventions. This requires a shift from public administration to self-administration.
Concordantie en maatschappelijke opvattingen – deel twee
Authors: Lewin G.C.C. 
Published: June 2019

Concordantie en maatschappelijke opvattingen – deel twee
In dit opvolgende artikel bespreekt de auteur in het licht van het concordantiebeginsel waarom het problematisch is de maatschappelijke opvattingen als rechtsbron te aanvaarden.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil of an Open Dump along Old Ikare Road Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olayinka-Olagunju J. O. , Olatunji-Ojo A. M. , Adejuyigbe A. , Ikuesan H. A. , Abubakar S. E. 
Published: June 2019

Aims: To investigate the heavy metal concentrations in soil samples collected from an open dumpsite in a rural community (Aba Idi-Mangoro) in Owo, Ondo State and to compare the observed values with the regulatory limits. This study also aimed to determine the pollution levels using tools like contamination factor, pollution load index and geoaccumulation index.
Study Design: Field study design was use in this study.
Place and Duration of Study: Soil samples were collected from Aba Idi-Mangoro in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria between July 2015 and February 2016 to represent the wet and dry seasons.
Methodology: A total of 96 soil samples were collected (6 samples on each visit and the site was visited twice a month). The samples were taken to the Prof. Julius Okojie Central Research Laboratory at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. In the laboratory, samples were air dried to remove the moisture. 2 g of the sampes were digested into HNO3, HCl, HF and HClO4, and AA Spectrophotometer was used to analyse the concentrations of the heavy metals.
Results: Out of the 8 heavy metals assessed, 6 were above the regulatory limits. The order of heavy metal concentrations for the wet season is: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Co>Cd and the dry season is as follows: Fe>Zn>Mn>Pb>Cu>Ni>Co>Cr>Cd. When the mean concentrations of the samples for the wet season were compared to the dry season, Mn (0.009), Cd (0.035), Cr (0.044) and Co (0.014) differ significantly (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in Fe, Co, Ni and Zn. It was observed from the overall results that the concentrations of heavy metals were higher during the dry season than in the wet season. The contamination factor (CF), pollution load index and geo-accumulation index values of Fe was extremely high in the two seasons while it varies at different collection times for the other metals.
Conclusion: Due to the high presence of some of the heavy metals found in the soil, the study suggests that water and sediment samples from nearby river(s) within the community should also be examined.
Alteration of the Tumor Microenvironment With Intratumoral Dendritic Cells Before Chemotherapy in ERBB2 Breast Cancer
Authors: Han Hyo S. , Aldrich Amy L. , Garg Saurabh K. , Weinfurtner R. Jared , Nguyen Jonathan V. , Mo Qianxing , Whiting Junmin , Childress Jennifer , Soliman Hatem , Costa Ricardo , Armaghani Avan , Soyano Aixa , Kiluk John , Hoover Susan , Lee Marie C. , Khakpour Nazanin , Shenoi Nithin , Jameel Zena , Koski Gary K. , Czerniecki Brian J. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceCurrent chemotherapy regimens for patients with ERBB2 (formerly HER2)–positive breast cancer are associated with considerable morbidity. These patients may benefit from more effective and less toxic therapies.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and preliminary efficacy of intratumoral (IT) delivery of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) in combination with ERBB2-targeted therapies.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis phase 1 (lead-in phase of a single-center phase 2 trial) nonrandomized clinical trial was conducted at Moffitt Cancer Center (Tampa, Florida). Patients were enrolled from October 2021 to October 2022. Data were analyzed in 2023 Patients with early-stage ERBB2-positive breast cancer with tumors 1 cm or larger were eligible.InterventionsTreatment included IT delivery of cDC1, 6 times weekly, followed by paclitaxel, 80 mg/m2, intravenously, 12 times weekly. Trastuzumab (8 mg/kg loading dose, then 6 mg/kg) and pertuzumab (840 mg loading dose, then 420 mg) were administered intravenously every 3 weeks for 6 cycles starting from day 1 of cDC1 injections. Two dose levels (DLs) of IT cDC1 (DL1 = 50 million and DL2 = 100 million cells) were evaluated, including 6 patients in each DL.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the safety and immune response, and the secondary outcomes were the antitumor efficacy as measured by breast magnetic resonance imaging and residual cancer burden at surgery following neoadjuvant therapy.ResultsTwelve ERBB2-positive patients were enrolled and received treatment (DL1 = 6 and DL2 = 6). Nine patients had hormone receptor–positive disease and 3 had hormone receptor–negative disease, with clinical stage I (n = 5), II (n = 4), and III (n = 3). The most frequently observed adverse events with cDC1 were grade 1 to 2 chills (50%), fatigue (41.7%), headache (33%), and injection site reactions (33%). DL2 was associated with a diminished anti-ERBB2 CD4 T-helper 1 blood response with a concomitant increase in innate and adaptive responses within the tumor. Preimmunotherapy and postimmunotherapy breast magnetic resonance imaging results showed 9 objective responses, 6 partial responses, 3 complete responses, and 3 stable diseases. Following surgery, 7 patients had a pathologic complete response.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this nonrandomized clinical trial, the addition of IT cDC1 and trastuzumab/pertuzumab before neoadjuvant chemotherapy was well tolerated with manageable adverse effects. Based on safety and immunogenicity, DL2 was selected for the phase 2 dose.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05325632
Empagliflozin and the Risk of Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Tesfaye Helen , Paik Julie M. , Roh Miin , Htoo Phyo T. , Zakoul Heidi , Schmedt Niklas , Koeneman Lisette , Wexler Deborah J. , Patorno Elisabetta 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceEmpagliflozin might lower the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by preventing retinal pericyte loss. However, the role of empagliflozin with respect to DR in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear.ObjectiveTo compare the risk of incident nonproliferative DR (NPDR) and DR progression in patients with T2D initiating empagliflozin vs a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA new-user active-comparator cohort study was conducted using US nationwide insurance claims data from 2 commercial insurers and Medicare from August 2014 to September 2019. Adults with T2D initiating study drugs without prior diagnosis or treatment for proliferative DR or other advanced retinal diseases were included. To assess incident NPDR, patients with a history of NPDR were additionally excluded, while for the DR progression outcome, patients were required to have a history of NPDR. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to May 2024.ExposuresInitiation of empagliflozin or a DPP4i.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncident NPDR was defined using diagnostic codes for mild, moderate, or severe NPDR. The DR progression outcome was defined as a composite of incident proliferative DR, vitreous hemorrhage, initiation of intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injection, or panretinal photocoagulation. Incidence rates, hazard ratios (HRs), and rate differences (RDs) with 95% CIs were estimated.ResultsA total of 34 239 pairs of propensity-score matched adults were identified in the incident NPDR cohort and 7831 pairs in the DR progression cohort. In the incident NPDR cohort, 35 867 patients (52.4%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 65.6 (10.3) years. In the DR progression cohort, 8229 patients (52.5%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 67.0 (10.0) years. Over a mean (SD) follow-up period of 8 (7.5) months receiving treatment, the risk of incident NPDR was not different across groups (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.15; RD, 1.30; 95% CI, −1.83 to 4.44), while the risk of DR progression was lower among individuals who initiated empagliflozin compared with those who began DPP4i therapy (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.96; RD, −9.44; 95% CI, −16.90 to −1.98). Results were consistent across multiple subgroups and sensitivity analyses.Conclusions and RelevanceCompared with initiation of a DPP4i, empagliflozin initiation was not associated with incident NPDR, although it may be associated with a lower risk of DR progression. Although residual confounding cannot be entirely ruled out due to the observational nature of our study, these findings may be helpful when weighing the risks and benefits of various glucose-lowering agents in adults with T2D.
Enhancing the Deformability of the Adjuvant: Achieving Lymph Node Targeted Delivery to Elicit a Long‐Lasting Immune Protection
Authors: Wu Nan , Liu Yuyang , Miao Chunyu , Yu Ziyi , Ma Guanghui , Wu Jie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA key challenge in vaccine development is to induce an effective and durable immune response. Live virus vaccines induce lifelong antibody responses; however, the immune responses induced by inactivated or subunit vaccines decrease gradually. Activation of the germinal center (GC) reaction, which generates long‐lived plasma cells (LLPCs), is a key mediator of long‐term antibody responses. To enhance the activation of GC, lymph node‐targeted delivery of the vaccine is promoted by enhancing the deformability of the delivery vector. In this study, a double emulsion is designed with strong deformability and containing chitosan nanoparticles (CSNP) in the internal aqueous phase (WNP) for efficient antigen loading, called WNP/O/W. The flexible oil layer and the internally loaded positively charged particles endow the emulsion with strong deformability, continuously enrich model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) in the lymph nodes, activate germinal center B (GC B) cells and T follicular helper (TFH) cells, induce LLPCs, and obtain high‐level antibody persistence for more than 5 months, which is significantly better than the traditional oil emulsion adjuvant. Concurrently, it also improves the immune‐protective effect in aged mice. Altogether, these results indicate that WNP/O/W achieves lymph node targeted delivery by strengthening deformability, generating high‐intensity antibody responses, and long‐lasting immune protection.