bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tabletop extreme ultraviolet time‐of‐flight spectrometry for trace analysis of high ionization energy samples
Authors: Arbelo Yunieski , Bleiner Davide 
Published: April 2019

RationaleSpecies with ionization energies beyond what is accessible using state‐of‐the‐art lab sources are affected by poor detection limits in ordinary mass spectrometry setups, whose throughput is also often limited. Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) photoionization mass spectrometry, in combination with linear time‐of‐flight (TOF), is necessary for the sensitive detection of high ionization energy compounds at trace level. XUV photoionization is available at beamlines, although with limited access. A tabletop setup may fill such a gap.MethodsA self‐developed tabletop system, based on a plasma discharge with extreme ultraviolet emission (λ = 5‐50 nm) coupled to a TOF mass spectrometer, was used in this study. Simultaneous validation measurements with a reference electron ionization quadrupole mass filter were carried out. An in‐house developed hollow toroidal coil (HTC) induction detector was used for concomitant photoelectron detection.ResultsStraightforward XUV mass spectra without fragmentation, thanks to the single‐photon ionization, were acquired. The measurements with the reference quadrupole were in agreement with the spectra acquired by XUV‐TOF. The resolution obtained for N2 was at least factor of 2 higher than that measured with the reference quadrupole. Initial energy distributions of photoelectrons were retrieved by cross‐correlation that gave access to the photoionization distribution.ConclusionsThe system allows XUV single‐photon ionization of elements and molecules with IE >10 eV that are of fundamental interest e.g. for water splitting and catalysis research. The demonstrated performance is now suitable for a prototype platform.
Endoscopic robot‐assisted simple enucleation of renal tumours: Impact of learning curve and tumour complexity on trifecta outcomes
Authors: Lu Zhaoxiang , Zhou Jun , Yang Cheng , Zhang Li , Tai Sheng , Xiang Rong , Liang Chaozhao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn this article, we report the outcomes of endoscopic robot‐assisted tumour enucleation (ERASE) using a trifecta system.MethodsOne hundred eighty‐two patients were treated with ERASE by a single surgeon between October 2014 and February 2017 and were stratified by quartiles of distribution called ERASE eras 1 to 4 and preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical (PADUA) score risk group categories. The trifecta achievement rates in different ERASE eras and PADUA score risk group categories were analysed.ResultsThe overall trifecta achievement rate was 76.4%; this rate progressively increased along the learning curve and reached 87.2% in ERASE era 4 (0.002). PADUA score risk group categories were inversely correlated with the trifecta achievement rate (P < .001). When both variables were simultaneously considered, a trend towards a higher trifecta achievement rate was observed in the recent series regardless of tumour anatomical complexity.ConclusionsThe trifecta achievement rate increased with surgical experience and was inversely correlated with tumour complexity.
Bioinspired Multivalent Peptide Nanotubes for Sialic Acid Targeting and Imaging‐Guided Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Lei Li , Xu Zhiai , Hu Xianli , Lai Yi , Xu Jie , Hou Bo , Wang Ya , Yu Haijun , Tian Yang , Zhang Wen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTumor metastasis is considered a major cause of cancer‐related human mortalities. However, it still remains a formidable challenge in clinics. Herein, a bioinspired multivalent nanoplatform for the highly effective treatment of the metastatic melanoma is reported. The versatile nanoplatform is designed by integrating indocyanine green and a chemotherapeutic drug (7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin) into phenylboronic acid (PBA)‐functionalized peptide nanotubes (termed as I/S‐PPNTs). I/S‐PPNTs precisely target tumor cells through multivalent interaction between PBA and overexpressed sialic acid on the tumor surface in order to achieve imaging‐guided combination therapy. It is demonstrated that I/S‐PPNTs are efficiently internalized by the B16‐F10 melanoma cells in vitro in a PBA grafting density–dependent manner. It is further shown that I/S‐PPNTs specifically accumulate and deeply penetrate into both the subcutaneous and lung metastatic B16‐F10 melanoma tumors. More importantly, I/S‐PPNT‐mediated combination chemo‐ and photodynamic therapy efficiently eradicates tumor and suppresses the lung metastasis of B16‐F10 melanoma in an immunocompetent C57BL/6 mouse model. The results highlight the promising potential of the multivalent peptide nanotubes for active tumor targeting and imaging‐guided cancer therapy.
Engineering of Oxygen Vacancy and Electric‐Field Effect by Encapsulating Lithium Titanate in Reduced Graphene Oxide for Superior Lithium Ion Storage
Authors: Meng Tao , Li Bo , Hu Lei , Yang Hao , Fan Wenjie , Zhang Shanqing , Liu Peng , Li Mingyang , Gu Feng Long , Tong Yexiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRational design of nanostructured electrode materials is highly desired for developing high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Encapsulating electrode materials in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) shows great potential for manipulation of physicochemical properties at the atomic level, promoting remarkable electrochemical properties. Here, a controllable strategy is proposed to synthesize a “pomegranate‐like” 3D rGO encapsulated lithium titanate composite (CT‐rGO@LTO). The experimental results demonstrate the enriched oxygen vacancies in LTO and the electronic interactions at the interface between LTO and rGO. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm the charge redistribution in the CT‐rGO@LTO composite, establishing a strong electric field with oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, the extra active sites in rGO for Li‐ion storage are investigated via in situ Raman tests. Benefiting from the oxygen vacancies and the electric‐field effect, the CT‐rGO@LTO electrode delivers excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 87.1% after 1500 cycles at 5 C. Moreover, the CT‐rGO@LTO electrode is adopted to assemble a full cell with a LiCoO2 cathode, which also displays superior rate capability with capacities of 139.4 and 109.7 mA h g−1 at 0.5 and 10 C, respectively. This work provides profound insights of fabricating high‐performance electrode materials for advanced energy storage.
Hajj abattoirs in Makkah: risk of zoonotic infections among occupational workers
Authors: Almasri Malak , Ahmed Qanta A. , Turkestani Abdulhafeez , Memish Ziad A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAt completion of Hajj, the Islamic pilgrimage to Makkah, pilgrims give thanks for the blessing, and acceptance, of Hajj, marking the end of the pilgrimage by sacrificing an animal and distributing the sacrificial meat to the poor. With over two million Muslims making Hajj, each Hajj, more than 1.2 million heads of cattle: sheep, goats and camels are slaughtered. Over 16 000 abattoir workers work around the clock to sacrifice and process the cattle in keeping with Islamic law and public health guidelines. Because of their proximity to high densities of cattle and cattle meat, Makkah's abattoir workers are at risk of zoonosis. This was a longitudinal study aimed at determining the risk of some zoonotic diseases among male permanent abattoir workers during Hajj. Specifically, seroprevalence of antigens for Brucella, Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever (AHF) and Rift Valley Fever (RVF) were determined, among the study participants. An enrolment questionnaire, and a follow‐up questionnaire, with provision of 10 mL blood for testing 2 days before intense Hajj animal exposure, up to 20 days after intense animal exposure and between 30 and 42 days after Hajj butchering exposures. While working with livestock, study participants were interrogated on hand hygiene and personal protection. Eighty male permanent abattoir workers participated in the study. Majority, 96.25% (n = 77) declared washing their hands with soap and water, most 98.75% (n = 79) never used eye protection, few occupational workers dressed in personal protective clothing or footwear. All workers tested negative for CCHF and RVF, one was positive for AHF and six for Brucella. The risk of some zoonotic infections like Brucella and AHF is low among permanent occupational workers in the slaughtering house in Makkah during Hajj 2013. No serological evidence for CCHF and RVF viruses, even though workers showed low compliance with use of personnel protective equipment.
Y‐chromosome short tandem repeats in forensics—Sexing, profiling, and matching male DNA
Authors: Roewer Lutz 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe analysis of short tandem repeat (STR) markers located on the Y chromosome is an established method in forensic casework analysis. Usually this method is applied in cases of male‐on‐female sexual assault, in which the victim's DNA is in great excess and masked the male contribution. Y‐STR analysis is able to detect the presence of minuscule amounts of male DNA of one or multiple donors and resulting genetic profiles can be compared to known reference samples. The expert has to determine whether the Y‐STR result of a trace is suitable for a biostatistical calculation in case of a match. The Discrete Laplace method which is implemented in the Y chromosome haplotype reference database (YHRD) can be used to estimate haplotype frequencies with a better approximation than other methods namely the counting method. Moreover, Y‐SNPs in combination with Y‐STRs can infer the biogeographical origin of an unknown male person with comparably high precision due to the availability of a robust phylogenetic tree and large reference data collections. Y‐based ancestry prediction and familial searching can, therefore, provide important investigative leads in crime cases without suspect.This article is categorized under:

Forensic Biology > Haploid Markers
Forensic Biology > Ancestry Determination using DNA Methods
Forensic Biology > DNA Databases and Biometrics
Forensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
Zusammenfassung und Reflexion
Authors: Buß Imke 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDiese Dissertation ist der Frage nachgegangen, was Studierbarkeit bedeutet, wenn die Studierendenschaft durch ihre Heterogenität unterschiedliche Anforderungen an ein Studium stellt. Es wurde zunächst analysiert, welche Art der Heterogenität die Studierbarkeit besonders beeinflusst. Die Hochschulforschung und das Qualitätsmanagement an Hochschulen prüfen üblicherweise, ob Studierende mit Kindern oder Pflegeaufgaben, Erwerbstätigkeit oder Beeinträchtigungen das Studium erfolgreich meistern können
Application of Sex Aids in Men with Sexual Dysfunction: A Review
Authors: Miranda Eduardo P. , Taniguchi Hisanori , Cao David L. , Hald Gert M. , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Mulhall John P. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Although sex aids have been used in clinical practice for ages, the scientific literature assessing their application in men with sexual dysfunction is limited.

Aim
To summarize medical literature regarding scientific uses of the most common sex aids in men with sexual dysfunction and assess their clinical applicability.

Methods
An extensive literature review was performed with regard to the use of sex aids in sexual medicine. Our search included journal articles, books, and guidelines in different databases: Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane. The key words were “sex aids,” “sex toys,” “pornography,” “lubricants,” “constriction bands,” “dildos,” “vibrators,” “vacuum devices,” “external penile devices,” and “sex swings” were searched. Date of last search was December 4, 2018.

Main Outcome Measures
We assessed the utility of sex aids in men with sexual dysfunction and formulated recommendations for clinicians.

Results
Various sex aids are available for men with sexual dysfunction. We present a comprehensive review of the most common sex aids currently available: pornography, lubricants, constriction bands, dildos, vibrators, vacuum devices, external erectile support devices, and aids to positioning. We discuss their indications, outcomes, precautions, and complications.

Clinical implications
This review is intended to provide sexual medicine practitioners and academics an overview of sex aids for men with sexual dysfunction for use in both clinical practice and research.

Strengths & Limitations
This is a compilation of scientific data for a topic that has broad application in sexual medicine and yet has been poorly addressed in the scientific literature. Because of the lack of sufficient data and the heterogeneous nature of different sex aids, a systematic review could not be performed.

Conclusion
Having a comprehensive understanding of the sexual dynamics of individuals and couples combined with the appropriate integration of sex aids may have a positive effect in the treatment of male sexual dysfunctions.
When Artists Fall: Honoring and Admiring the Immoral
Authors: ARCHER ALFRED , MATHESON BENJAMIN 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIs it appropriate to honor artists who have created great works but who have also acted immorally? In this article, after arguing that honoring involves identifying a person as someone we ought to admire, we present three moral reasons against honoring immoral artists. First, we argue that honoring can serve to condone their behavior, through the mediums of emotional prioritization and exemplar identification. Second, we argue that honoring immoral artists can generate undue epistemic credibility for the artists, which can lead to an indirect form of testimonial injustice for the artists’ victims. Third, we argue, building on the first two reasons, that honoring immoral artists can also serve to silence their victims. We end by considering how we might respond to these reasons.
Phyloblattidae and Compsoblattidae (Insecta, Blattodea) from the late Carboniferous Souss basin, Morocco
Authors: Belahmira Abouchouaib , Schneider Joerg W. , Scholze Frank , Saber Hafid 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Late Pennsylvanian (Kasimovian, early Stephanian) sub- to perimontaneous Souss basin, situated in the present-day southwestern High Atlas mountains of Morocco, contains the hitherto only known late Paleozoic entomofauna from North Africa, which is simultaneously also the southernmost Euramerican entomofauna. The present study provides descriptions, identifications, and revisions of several species belonging to the generaPhyloblattaandAnthracoblattina(family Phyloblattidae) and of the genusCompsoblatta(family Compsoblattidae). A relatively large number of well-preservedPhyloblattaforewings, compared with congeneric species from several insect localities in Europe and North America, permits insights into the individual, intraspecific, and interspecific variability of the venation pattern as indispensable base for the description of the new specimens and the revision of several older species. The Souss insect beds cover a wide range of potential habitats. They are situated in different paleogeographical positions within the Souss basin and scattered across a 900 m thick succession of sediments. The single insect beds represent different sedimentary and biotic subenvironments from swamps and mires to shallow and deep lakes within a fluvial-dominated megaenvironment.
On the track of a Scottish impact structure: a detrital zircon and apatite provenance study of the Stac Fada Member and wider Stoer Group, NW Scotland
Authors: Kenny Gavin G. , O’Sullivan Gary J. , Alexander Stephen , Simms Michael J. , Chew David M. , Kamber Balz S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Stac Fada Member of the Stoer Group, within the Torridonian succession of NW Scotland, is a melt-rich, impact-related deposit that has not been conclusively correlated with any known impact structure. However, a gravity low approximately 50 km east of the preserved Stac Fada Member outcrops has recently been proposed as the associated impact site. We investigate the location of the impact structure through a provenance study of detrital zircon and apatite in five samples from the Stoer Group. Our zircon U–Pb data are dominated by Archaean grains (> 2.5 Ga), consistent with earlier interpretations that the detritus was largely derived from local Lewisian Gneiss Complex, whereas the apatite data (the first for the Stoer Group) display a single major peak atc.1.7 Ga, consistent with regional Laxfordian metamorphism. The almost complete absence of Archaean-aged apatite is best explained by later heating of the > 2.5 Ga Lewisian basement (the likely source region) above the closure temperature of the apatite U–Pb system (c.375–450°C). The U–Pb age distributions for zircon and apatite show no significant variation with stratigraphic height. This may be interpreted as evidence that there was no major change in provenance during the course of deposition of the Stoer Group or, if there was any significant change, the different source regions were characterized by similar apatite and zircon U–Pb age populations. Consequently, the new data do not provide independent constraints on the location of the structure associated with the Stac Fada Member impact event.
« Muchos negros, mulatos y otros colores »
Authors: Zúñiga Jean-Paul 
Published: April 2019

RésuméLes sociétés coloniales hispano-américaines sont traditionnellement décrites comme des ensembles hiérarchisés selon une logique raciale, le terme casta étant pour ce faire traduit par la notion de race. Cette synonymie entraîne cependant le télescopage des catégories coloniales et des concepts contemporains, simplifiant de la sorte des processus complexes et longs à cristalliser. Cet article insiste sur les spécificités coloniales qui voient la transformation d’une notion issue du langage nobiliaire en une science des phénotypes. L’étude de cette culture visuelle et de ce vocabulaire, d’abord intimement liés au milieu mésoaméricain, permet de dévoiler les dialogues régionaux et inter-impériaux qui aboutissent à la création d’un espace euro-américain de création conceptuelle commune.
Stratégies matrimoniales et émigration vers l’Amérique au XVIIIesiècle
Authors: Force Pierre 
Published: April 2019

RésuméAvant l’émigration de masse vers l’Amérique du Sud au XIXesiècle, les communautés rurales des Pyrénées occidentales connurent un mouvement migratoire notable vers Saint-Domingue et les autres îles des Caraïbes. Cette étude porte sur les rapports entre les mouvements migratoires et l’organisation de ces communautés en « sociétés à maisons » (Claude Lévi- Strauss), où la continuité de la « maison » était essentielle et aucune nouvelle « maison » ne pouvait être fondée. Usant d’une méthode microhistorique, on analyse le rôle complexe des coutumes successorales dans la décision d’émigrer, et on reconstruit les réseaux qui permirent l’émigration. Loin de l’image traditionnelle du fils forcé de partir parce que privé de sa part d’héritage, on montre que l’émigration des cadets avait le soutien de l’ensemble du groupe familial. On soutient aussi que vis-à-vis du « système à maisons », l’émigration était tout à la fois une conséquence du système et contraire à l’esprit du système.
Detection of the Nitric Oxide Dayglow on Mars by MAVEN/IUVS
Authors: Stevens Michael H. , Siskind David E. , Evans J. Scott , Fox Jane L. , Deighan Justin , Jain Sonal K. , Schneider Nicholas M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report the first remote observation of nitric oxide (NO) densities on Mars. The Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) on NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) satellite observes NO γ band solar resonance fluorescence between 213.0 and 225.5 nm. We invert an average dayglow limb radiance profile to retrieve a number density profile between 80 and 130 km. The retrieved IUVS NO number density at 117 km is 5 times smaller than those measured by Viking mass spectrometers over 40 years ago but consistent with photochemical model results within the IUVS statistical uncertainty. These observations may therefore help to reconcile a longstanding problem in our understanding of NO photochemistry in the Martian upper atmosphere. We also report the first detection of the CO+ First Negative bands in the Martian dayglow near 219 nm.
Lasing at topological edge states in a photonic crystal L3 nanocavity dimer array
Authors: Han Changhyun , Lee Myungjae , Callard Ségolène , Seassal Christian , Jeon Heonsu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTopological photonics have provided new insights for the manipulation of light. Analogous to electrons in topological insulators, photons travelling through the surface of a topological photonic structure or the interface of two photonic structures with different topological phases are free from backscattering caused by structural imperfections or disorder. This exotic nature of the topological edge state (TES) is truly beneficial for nanophotonic devices that suffer from structural irregularities generated during device fabrication. Although various topological states and device concepts have been demonstrated in photonic systems, lasers based on a topological photonic crystal (PhC) cavity array with a wavelength-scale modal volume have not been explored. We investigated TESs in a PhC nanocavity array in the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model. Upon optical excitation, the topological PhC cavity array realised using an InP-based multiple-quantum-well epilayer spontaneously exhibits lasing peaks at the topological edge and bulk states. TES characteristics, including the modal robustness caused by immunity to scattering, are confirmed from the emission spectra and near-field imaging and by theoretical simulations and calculations.
BCL-XL and MCL-1 are the key BCL-2 family proteins in melanoma cell survival
Authors: Lee Erinna F. , Harris Tiffany J. , Tran Sharon , Evangelista Marco , Arulananda Surein , John Thomas , Ramnac Celeste , Hobbs Chloe , Zhu Haoran , Gunasingh Gency , Segal David , Behren Andreas , Cebon Jonathan , Dobrovic Alexander , Mariadason John M. , Strasser Andreas , Rohrbeck Leona , Haass Nikolas K. , Herold Marco J. , Fairlie W. Douglas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMalignant melanoma is one of the most difficult cancers to treat due to its resistance to chemotherapy. Despite recent successes with BRAF inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, many patients do not respond or become resistant to these drugs. Hence, alternative treatments are still required. Due to the importance of the BCL-2-regulated apoptosis pathway in cancer development and drug resistance, it is of interest to establish which proteins are most important for melanoma cell survival, though the outcomes of previous studies have been conflicting. To conclusively address this question, we tested a panel of established and early passage patient-derived cell lines against several BH3-mimetic drugs designed to target individual or subsets of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins, alone and in combination, in both 2D and 3D cell cultures. None of the drugs demonstrated significant activity as single agents, though combinations targeting MCL-1 plus BCL-XL, and to a lesser extent BCL-2, showed considerable synergistic killing activity that was elicited via both BAX and BAK. Genetic deletion of BFL-1 in cell lines that express it at relatively high levels only had minor impact on BH3-mimetic drug sensitivity, suggesting it is not a critical pro-survival protein in melanoma. Combinations of MCL-1 inhibitors with BRAF inhibitors also caused only minimal additional melanoma cell killing over each drug alone, whilst combinations with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib was more effective in multiple cell lines. Our data show for the first time that therapies targeting specific combinations of BCL-2 pro-survival proteins, namely MCL-1 plus BCL-XL and MCL-1 plus BCL-2, could have significant benefit for the treatment of melanoma.