bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for a Signature Pedagogy in Novice Coach Education
Authors: Walsh Julia , Carson Fraser 
Published: September 2019

Despite the increased research interest in coach education there has been little consensus on how novice sports coaches should best be educated. For the coach developer this becomes problematic when trying to design quality-learning activities for novice coaches that provide a foundation for current and future learning. While the research available has focused on specific areas of best practice curriculum for coaches (e.g., planning; communication; coach-athlete relationships; leadership), there has been less interest in pedagogical practice of novice coach education. Signature pedagogies have been recognised as characteristic methods of teaching used by disciplines to organize the learning process into common elements to prepare future practitioners for their professional roles. For Shulman signature pedagogies scaffold the discipline’s habits of ‘head’ (content); habits of the ‘hand’ (skills); and habits of ‘heart’ (values). This suggests that deep understanding of the disciplines’ habits is necessary for the development of appropriate signature pedagogies that support novice learning. The purpose of this Insight paper is to explore the current literature for potential signature pedagogies that support novice coach learning and the coach developer in teaching. A reflective conclusion summarises the main points and considers the direction for future research.
Backwards Design and Program Level Approaches to Coach Development in Higher Education
Authors: Martin Eric M. , Moorcroft Scott J. , Johnson Tyler G. 
Published: September 2019

Because there is no single governing sport body in the United States devoted to coaching education, coaching requirements can vary greatly state-to-state and between organizations within the same state. Therefore, it often is up to club programs or universities to devise individual curriculum for coaching education. For those responsible for coaching education, utilizing backwards design can ensure programs meet the learning and professional development needs of coaches. In backwards design, identifying coaches’ needs and creating program-level learning outcomes occurs prior to specific content selection. Additionally, backwards design encourages instructors to select assessments and learning activities that align with the program-level learning outcomes. In this article, a group of faculty describe their experience utilizing backwards design in creating a college/university certificate program focused on sport coaching. Specifically, a description of the following is included: (a) the process used to create program-level learning outcomes, (b) how to emphasize the program-level learning outcomes throughout the program’s coursework, and (c) a specific example from one course in the curriculum. Finally, we provide lessons learned throughout the process and recommendations for program development in hopes that coach developers can utilize this process in designing their own curricula.
Negotiating Gender in the English Football Workplace: Composite Vignettes of Women Head Coaches’ Experiences
Authors: Clarkson Beth G. , Cox Elwyn , Thelwell Richard C. 
Published: September 2019

Historically, men have dominated the English football workplace; as a result, the number of women in coaching positions has been limited. The aim of the present study was to explore the lived experiences of women head coaches to identify the extent that gender influences the English football workplace. Semi-structured interviews (N = 12) were conducted with women head coaches operating at the (a) youth recreational, (b) talent development, and (c) elite levels of the English football pyramid. An inductive thematic analysis was performed which informed the development of composite vignettes, a form of creative nonfiction. Three vignettes were developed comprising women head coaches’ stories at each pyramid level. Findings from the thematic analysis identified themes of gender stereotyping, proving yourself, and confidence at the youth recreational level; work-life conflicts, limited career mobility, and marginalization at the talent development level; and tokenism, undercurrents of sexism, and apprehensions of future directives at the elite level. The vignette stories demonstrate that gender negatively influences coaches’ interactions and confidence early in their career in youth recreational football; gender bias is embedded within discriminatory organizational practices which limit career mobility for coaches working in talent development; and gender is used to hold elite level women coaches to higher scrutiny levels than male colleagues. Recommendations (e.g., [in]formal mentoring, male advocacy, recruitment transparency) are made to practitioners for a targeted occupational-focused approach regarding support, retention, and career progression of women head coaches in football.
Combined deep penetrating nevi of the conjunctiva are relatively common lesions characterised by BRAFV600E mutation and activation of the beta catenin pathway: a clinicopathological analysis of 34 lesions
Authors: Šekoranja Daja , Vergot Katarina , Hawlina Gregor , Pižem Jože 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundDeep penetrating nevus (DPN) is not a widely recognised lesion on the conjunctiva and only a few cases consistent with combined DPN have been reported.MethodsA review of all excised and histopathologically diagnosed conjunctival melanocytic lesions between 2003 and 2018 was performed in order to identify melanocytic nevi morphologically consistent with DPN.ResultsThirty-four DPN were identified among 361 histopathologically examined conjunctival nevi (9.4%), including 33 (97%) combined with a common nevus and 1 (3%) pure DPN. The patients’ age ranged from 7 to 51 years (median, 22 years). Clinically, 21 of 29 (72%) lesions with available data were darkly pigmented, and an increase in size and/or pigmentation was noted in 13 of 18 (72%) lesions with known history. All 24 lesions in which an immunohistochemical analysis was possible were diffusely positive for BRAFV600E (in DPN and common nevus components) and showed a diffuse nuclear positivity for beta catenin and cyclin D1 in the DPN component. None of the 21 lesions with available follow-up data recurred during a follow-up period from 0.3 to 16.3 years (median, 7.5 years).ConclusionsDPN of the conjunctiva is a relatively common lesion and usually presents as a combined nevus. Genetically, DPN of the conjunctiva are characterised by a combination of BRAFV600E mutation and activation of the beta catenin pathway. Recognition of DPN of the conjunctiva is important in order not to overdiagnose it as a melanoma, and to explain its potential atypical clinical features. DPN of the conjunctiva seems to be a benign lesion.
Profile of retinal nerve fibre layer symmetry in a multiethnic Asian population: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study
Authors: Tao Yijin , Tham Yih Chung , Chee Miao Li , Majithia Shivani , Thakur Sahil , Soh Zhi-Da , Cheung Carol Yim-Lui , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Wong Tien Yin , Cheng Ching-Yu 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundTo examine the normative profile and determinants of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) symmetry in a non-glaucoma, multiethnic Asian population.MethodsChinese, Malay and Indian adults aged ≥40 years were recruited from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study. Participants underwent standardised systemic and ocular examinations. RNFL thickness was obtained using a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT). RNFL symmetry (in %) was calculated based on Pearson correlation coefficient between the RNFL thickness profiles of the right and left eyes. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to investigate the associations between ocular and systemic factors with RNFL symmetry.Results4211 participants (1227 Chinese, 1245 Malays, 1739 Indians) were included. The mean RNFL symmetry was 86.7%±8.5% in Chinese, 84.7%±10.2% in Malays and 84.0%±10.7% in Indians. The fifth percentile limit of RNFL symmetry was 71.2% in Chinese, 65.0% in Malays and 62.0% in Indians. In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, intereye absolute differences in intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length and disc area, Malays (β=−0.9; p=0.03) and Indians (β=−1.76; p<0.001) were found to have lower RNFL symmetry compared with Chinese. Older age, greater intereye differences in IOP, axial length and disc area were significantly associated with lower RNFL symmetry (all p≤0.003).ConclusionsIn non-glaucoma individuals, intereye RNFL profile is less symmetric in Malays and Indians than that in Chinese. This also suggests that current commercial optical coherence tomography’s deployment of a single, universal RNFL symmetry cut-off for glaucoma detection is flawed, and ethnic-specific cut-off is warranted.
Whole body MRI is effective for identifying metastatic disease in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Cook Rob , Davidson Peter , Martin Rosie 
Published: September 2019

The studyTaylor S, Mallett S, Beare S et al. Diagnostic accuracy of whole-body MRI versus standard imaging pathways for metastatic disease in newly diagnosed colorectal cancer: the prospective Streamline C trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;4:529-37.This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number 10/68/01).To read the full NIHR Signal, go to https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000797/identifying-metastatic-disease-in-colorectal-cancer-with-whole-body-mri
Development and assessment of the inter-rater and intra-rater reproducibility of a self-administration version of the ALSFRS-R
Authors: Bakker Leonhard A , Schröder Carin D , Tan Harold H G , Vugts Simone M A G , van Eijk Ruben P A , van Es Michael A , Visser-Meily Johanna M A , van den Berg Leonard H 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThe Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) is widely applied to assess disease severity and progression in patients with motor neuron disease (MND). The objective of the study is to assess the inter-rater and intra-rater reproducibility, i.e., the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability and agreement, of a self-administration version of the ALSFRS-R for use in apps, online platforms, clinical care and trials.MethodsThe self-administration version of the ALSFRS-R was developed based on both patient and expert feedback. To assess the inter-rater reproducibility, 59 patients with MND filled out the ALSFRS-R online and were subsequently assessed on the ALSFRS-R by three raters. To assess the intra-rater reproducibility, patients were invited on two occasions to complete the ALSFRS-R online. Reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients, agreement was assessed with Bland-Altman plots and paired samplest-tests, and internal consistency was examined with Cronbach’s coefficient alpha.ResultsThe self-administration version of the ALSFRS-R demonstrated excellent inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. The assessment of inter-rater agreement demonstrated small systematic differences between patients and raters and acceptable limits of agreement. The assessment of intra-rater agreement demonstrated no systematic changes between time points; limits of agreement were 4.3 points for the total score and ranged from 1.6 to 2.4 points for the domain scores. Coefficient alpha values were acceptable.DiscussionThe self-administration version of the ALSFRS-R demonstrates high reproducibility and can be used in apps and online portals for both individual comparisons, facilitating the management of clinical care and group comparisons in clinical trials.
Evaluation of the radiosurgical treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a retrospective single-center analysis of three decades
Authors: Hirschmann Dorian , Goebl Philipp , Witte Frederic H , Gatterbauer Brigitte , Wang Wei-Te , Dodier Philippe , Bavinzski Gerhard , Ertl Adolf , Marik Wolfgang , Mallouhi Ammar , Roetzer Thomas , Dorfer Christian , Eisner Wilhelm , Gruber Andreas , Kitz Klaus , Frischer Josa M 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundGamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is still controversially discussed.ObjectiveTo present long-term follow-up data on patients after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for cerebral AVMs.MethodsOverall, 516 patients received radiosurgery for cerebral AVMs between 1992 and 2018 at our department, of whom 265 received radiosurgery alone and 207 were treated with a combined endovascular-radiosurgical approach. Moreover, 45 patients were treated with a volume-staged approach. Two eras were analyzed, the pre-modern era between 1992 and 2002 and the modern era thereafter.ResultsIn GKRS-only treated patients, median time to nidus occlusion was 3.8 years. Spetzler–Ponce (SP) class was a significant predictor for time to obliteration in the whole sample. Median time to obliteration for the combined treatment group was 6.5 years. Patients in the pre-modern era had a significantly higher obliteration rate than those treated in the modern era. Overall, the calculated yearly hemorrhage risk in the observation period after first GKRS was 1.3%. Permanent post-radiosurgical complications occurred in 4.9% of cases but did not differ between the treatment groups or treatment eras. The obliteration rate was significantly lower and the hemorrhage rate was higher in volume-staged treated patients than in conventionally treated patients.ConclusionGKRS is an effective treatment option for SP class A and B cerebral AVMs. After combined endovascular-radiosurgical treatment, the outcome of selected SP class C AVMs aligns with that of SP class B lesions. Both the combined therapy and radiosurgery alone constitute sound methods for treatment of cerebral AVMs.
Evaluation of cardiovascular risk in a lung cancer screening cohort
Authors: Ruparel Mamta , Quaife Samantha L , Dickson Jennifer L , Horst Carolyn , Burke Stephen , Taylor Magali , Ahmed Asia , Shaw Penny , Soo May-Jan , Nair Arjun , Devaraj Anand , O'Dowd Emma Louise , Bhowmik Angshu , Navani Neal , Sennett Karen , Duffy Stephen W , Baldwin David R , Sofat Reecha , Patel Riyaz S , Hingorani Aroon , Janes Sam M 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionLung cancer screening (LCS) by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) offers an opportunity to impact both lung cancer and coronary heart disease mortality through detection of coronary artery calcification (CAC). Here, we explore the value of CAC and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment in LCS participants in the Lung Screen Uptake Trial (LSUT).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, current and ex-smokers aged 60–75 were invited to a ‘lung health check’. Data collection included a CVD risk assessment enabling estimation of 10 year CVD risk using the QRISK2 score. Participants meeting the required lung cancer risk underwent an ungated, non-contrast LDCT. Descriptive data, bivariate associations and a multivariate analysis of predictors of statin use are presented.ResultsOf 1005 individuals enrolled, 680 were included in the final analysis. 421 (61.9%) had CAC present and in 49 (7.2%), this was heavy. 668 (98%) of participants had a QRISK2≥10% and QRISK2 was positively associated with increasing CAC grade (OR 4.29 (CI 0.93 to 19.88) for QRISK2=10%–20% and 12.29 (CI 2.68 to 56.1) for QRISK2≥20% respectively). Of those who qualified for statin primary prevention (QRISK2≥10%), 56.8% did not report a history of statin use. In the multivariate analysis statin use was associated with age, body mass index and history of hypertension and diabetes.ConclusionsLCS offers an important opportunity for instituting CVD risk assessment in all LCS participants irrespective of the presence of LDCT-detected CAC. Further studies are needed to determine whether CAC could enhance uptake and adherence to primary preventative strategies.
Airway obstruction in young adults born extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight in the postsurfactant era
Authors: Doyle Lex William , Irving Louis , Haikerwal Anjali , Lee Katherine , Ranganathan Sarath , Cheong Jeanie 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundIt is unknown if adults born <28 weeks or <1000 g since surfactant has been available are reaching their full airway growth potential.ObjectiveTo compare expiratory airflow at 25 years and from 8 to 25 years of participants born <28 weeks or <1000 g with controls, and within the preterm group to compare those who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia with those who did not.MethodsAll survivors born <28 weeks or <1000 g in 1991–1992 in Victoria, Australia, were eligible. Controls were born contemporaneously, weighing >2499 g. At 8, 18 and 25 years, expiratory airflows were measured and the results converted to z-scores. Outcomes were compared between groups at age 25 years, and trajectories (change in z-scores per year) from childhood were contrasted between groups.ResultsExpiratory airflows were measured at 25 years on 164 of 297 (55%) preterm survivors and 130 of 260 (50%) controls. Preterm participants had substantially reduced airflow compared with controls at age 25 years (eg, zFEV1; mean difference −0.97, 95% CI −1.23 to –0.71; p<0.001). Preterm participants had lower airflow trajectories than controls between 8 and 18 years, but not between 18 and 25 years. Within the preterm group, those who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia had worse airflows and trajectories than those who did not.ConclusionsYoung adults born <28 weeks or <1000 g in the surfactant era, particularly those who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia, have substantially reduced airway function compared with controls. Some are destined to develop COPD in later adult life.
Doubly charged scalar at the High-Luminosity and High-Energy LHC
Authors: de Melo Tessio B. , Queiroz Farinaldo S. , Villamizar Yoxara 
Published: September 2019

Doubly charged scalars are common figures in several beyond the Standard Model studies, especially those related to neutrino masses. In this work, we estimate the High-Luminosity (HL-LHC) and High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC) sensitivity to doubly charged scalars assuming that they decay promptly and exclusively into charged leptons. Our study focuses on the fit to the same-sign dilepton mass spectra and it is based on proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV, 14 TeV and 27 TeV with integrated luminosity of [Formula: see text] fb[Formula: see text], 3 ab[Formula: see text] and 15 ab[Formula: see text]. We find that HL-LHC may probe doubly charged scalars masses up to 2.3 TeV, whereas HE-LHC can impressively probe masses up to 3 TeV, conclusively constituting a complementary and important probe to signs of doubly charged scalars in lepton flavor violation decays and lepton–lepton colliders.
Polymorphic transformations and thermal expansion of some modifications in Ag1.5Cu0.5Se and Ag0.4Cu1.6Se
Authors: Aliyev Y. I. , Asadov Y. G. , Dashdemirov A. O. , Aliyeva R. D. , Naghiyev T. G. , Jabarov S. H. 
Published: September 2019

The Ag[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Se and Ag[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Se compounds have been synthesized and grown as single crystals. High-temperature X-ray diffraction method was used to study polymorphic transformations. It is shown that the Ag[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Se crystals of high-temperature FCC modification are decomposed into Ag2Se and AgCuSe when the temperature decreases below T = 488 K and Ag[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Se is decomposed into Cu2Se and AgCuSe when the temperature decreases below T = 540 K. Transformations in both compounds are reversible. Crystalline parameters are obtained and the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters for each phase is built.
Gut microbiota regulates cardiac ischemic tolerance and aortic stiffness in obesity
Authors: Battson Micah L. , Lee Dustin M. , Li Puma Lance C. , Ecton Kayl E. , Thomas Keely N. , Febvre Hallie P. , Chicco Adam J. , Weir Tiffany L. , Gentile Christopher L. 
Published: September 2019

The gut microbiota has emerged as an important regulator of host physiology, with recent data suggesting a role in modulating cardiovascular health. The present study determined if gut microbial signatures could transfer cardiovascular risk phenotypes between lean and obese mice using cecal microbiota transplantation (CMT). Pooled cecal contents collected from obese leptin-deficient (Ob) mice or C57Bl/6j control (Con) mice were transplanted by oral gavage into cohorts of recipient Ob and Con mice maintained on identical low-fat diets for 8 wk ( n = 9–11/group). Cardiovascular pathology was assessed as the degree of arterial stiffness (aortic pulse wave velocity) and myocardial infarct size following a 45/120 min ex vivo global cardiac ischemia-reperfusion protocol. Gut microbiota was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing, along with measures of intestinal barrier function and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) composition. Following CMT, the gut microbiota of recipient mice was altered to resemble that of the donors. Ob CMT to Con mice increased arterial stiffness, left ventricular (LV) mass, and myocardial infarct size, which were associated with greater gut permeability and reduced cecal SCFA concentrations. Conversely, Con CMT to Ob mice increased cecal SCFA, reduced LV mass, and attenuated myocardial infarct size, with no effects on gut permeability or arterial stiffness. Collectively, these data demonstrate that obesity-related changes in the gut microbiota, independent of dietary manipulation, regulate hallmark measures of cardiovascular pathology in mice and highlight the potential of microbiota-targeted therapeutics for reducing cardiovascular pathology and risk in obesity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These data are the first to demonstrate that cecal microbiota transplantation (CMT) can alter cardiovascular pathology in lean and obese mice independent from alterations in dietary intake. Myocardial infarct size was reduced in obese mice receiving lean CMT and worsened in lean mice receiving obese CMT. Lean mice receiving obese CMT also displayed increased aortic stiffness. These changes were accompanied by alterations in short-chain fatty acids and gut permeability.
Tracking Your Mind's Eye during Recollection: Decoding the Long-Term Recall of Short Audiovisual Clips
Authors: Larzabal Christelle , Bacon-Macé Nadège , Muratot Sophie , Thorpe Simon J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Unlike familiarity, recollection involves the ability to reconstruct mentally previous events that results in a strong sense of reliving. According to the reinstatement hypothesis, this specific feature emerges from the reactivation of cortical patterns involved during information exposure. Over time, the retrieval of specific details becomes more difficult, and memories become increasingly supported by familiarity judgments. The multiple trace theory (MTT) explains the gradual loss of episodic details by a transformation in the memory representation, a view that is not shared by the standard consolidation model. In this study, we tested the MTT in light of the reinstatement hypothesis. The temporal dynamics of mental imagery from long-term memory were investigated and tracked over the passage of time. Participant EEG activity was recorded during the recall of short audiovisual clips that had been watched 3 weeks, 1 day, or a few hours beforehand. The recall of the audiovisual clips was assessed using a Remember/Know/New procedure, and snapshots of clips were used as recall cues. The decoding matrices obtained from the multivariate pattern analyses revealed sustained patterns that occurred at long latencies (&gt;500 msec poststimulus onset) that faded away over the retention intervals and that emerged from the same neural processes. Overall, our data provide further evidence toward the MTT and give new insights into the exploration of our “mind's eye.”