bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The novel truncated isoform of human manganese superoxide dismutase has a differential role in promoting metastasis of lung cancer cells
Authors: Li Shuaiguang , Yang Enze , Shen Lianghua , Niu Dewei , Breitzig Mason , Tan Lee Charles , Wu Xiaocong , Huang Meiyan , Sun Hanxiao , Wang Feng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGrowing evidences have demonstrated alternative splicing makes great contribution to tumor metastasis since multiple protein isoforms from a single gene that often display different functions in the cell. Human manganese superoxide dismutase (hMnSOD) was revealed dysregulation in progress of tumor metastasis, while the effect of hMnSOD isoforms on metastasis remained unclear. In this study, we showed a novel truncated hMnSOD isoform hMnSOD183, which lacked 39 amino acids compared with hMnSOD222. We expressed two hMnSOD protein isoforms in Escherichia coli, respectively, and found that the MnSOD activity of truncated hMnSOD isoform was especially weaker. In 95‐D cells, mRNA levels of hMnSOD variants and MnSOD activity were significantly increased than that in A549 cells. Furthermore, the hMnSODc exhibited lower mRNA level than hMnSODa/b in A549 and 95‐D cells. Additionally, the effects of two isoforms were assessed about cell invasion, overexpression of hMnSOD222 but not hMnSOD183 promoted 95‐D cells metastasis, and hMnSOD knockdown significantly reduced cells invasive behavior. Overexpression of hMnSOD isoforms also caused changes of metastasis associated proteins, such as up‐regulation of MMPs, VEGF and Vimentin and down‐regulation of E‐cadherin. Moreover, overexpression of hMnSOD183 had weaker effect on metastasis related signaling proteins, such as Akt, JNK and IKKβ, compared to hMnSOD222. In conclusion, our study identified that hMnSOD isoforms induced lung cancer cells invasion through Akt‐JNK‐IKKβ signaling pathways and the hMnSOD183 isoform played a weaker role than hMnSOD222. Characterization of hMnSOD isoforms is useful for future investigation on metastasis of lung cancer cells.
Role of NCoR1 in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism
Authors: Lima Tanes I. , Valentim Rafael R. , Araújo Hygor N. , Oliveira André G. , Favero Bianca C. , Menezes Eveline S. , Araújo Rafaela , Silveira Leonardo R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMitochondrial number and shape are constantly changing in response to increased energy demands. The ability to synchronize mitochondrial pathways to respond to energy fluctuations within the cell is a central aspect of mammalian homeostasis. This dynamic process depends on the coordinated activation of transcriptional complexes to promote the expression of genes encoding for mitochondrial proteins. Recent evidence has shown that the nuclear corepressor NCoR1 is an essential metabolic switch which acts on oxidative metabolism signaling. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging role of NCoR1 in the transcriptional control of energy metabolism. The identification and characterization of NCoR1 as a central, evolutionary conserved player in mitochondrial function have revealed a novel layer of metabolic control. Defining the precise mechanisms by which NCoR1 acts on energy homeostasis will ultimately contribute towards the development of novel therapies for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Flexible Fe2O3 and V2O5 Nanofibers as Binder‐Free Electrodes for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang He , Niu Hao , Yang Xue , Sun Zhiqin , Li Fuzhi , Wang Qian , Qu Fengyu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFlexible, highly porous Fe2O3 and V2O5 nanofibers (NFs) have been synthesized by a facile electrospinning method followed by calcination. They have been directly used as binder‐free electrodes for high‐performance supercapacitors. These Fe2O3 and V2O5 NFs interconnect with one another and construct three‐dimensional hierarchical porous films with high specific surface areas. Benefitting from their unique structural features, binder‐free Fe2O3 and V2O5 porous nanofiber electrodes offer high specific capacitances of 255 F g−1 and 256 F g−1, respectively, at 2 mV s−1 in 1 m aqueous Na2SO4 as electrolyte. An all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) has been fabricated using Fe2O3 and V2O5 nanofibers as negative and positive electrodes, respectively. It could be operated at up to 1.8 V, taking advantage of the wide and opposite potential windows of the respective electrodes. The assembled all‐solid‐state ASC achieved a high energy density up to 32.2 W h kg−1 at an average power density of 128.7 W kg−1, and exhibited excellent cycling stability and power capability. The effective and facile synthesis method and superior electrochemical performance described herein make electrospun Fe2O3 and V2O5 NFs promising electrode materials for high‐performance ASCs.
Redox‐Switchable Calix[6]arene‐Based Isomeric Rotaxanes
Authors: Zanichelli Valeria , Bazzoni Margherita , Arduini Arturo , Franchi Paola , Lucarini Marco , Ragazzon Giulio , Secchi Andrea , Silvi Serena 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOperating molecular machines are based on switchable systems whose components can be set in motion in a controllable fashion. The presence of nonsymmetrical elements is a mandatory requirement to obtain and demonstrate the unidirectionality of motion. Calixarene‐based macrocycles have proved to be very efficient hosts in the design of oriented rotaxanes and of pseudorotaxanes with strict control over the direction of complexation. A series of two‐station rotaxanes based on bipyridinium–ammonium axles was synthesized and characterized. A recently reported supramolecularly assisted strategy for the synthesis of different orientational isomers was exploited, and the ammonium unit was identified as a proper secondary station for the calixarene. Displacement of the macrocycle was triggered by electrochemical reduction of the bipyridinium primary station, and it was shown that the shuttling is influenced both by the length of the chain of the axle component and by the position of the secondary station with respect to the calixarene rims.
“Butterfly Wings” Stabilize Heptacene
Authors: Müller Matthias , Rüdiger Elias C. , Koser Silke , Tverskoy Olena , Rominger Frank , Hinkel Felix , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of bisalkynylated derivatives of tetrabenzo[a,c,p,r]heptacene and tetrabenzo[a,c,l,n]pentacene via two‐/fourfold Stille reactions involving a 9‐stannafluorene and suitable tetrabromoacenes is reported. These triphenylene‐“winged” heptacenes are surprisingly stable and maintain a significant portion of the electronic properties of heptacenes.
Atypical tuberous sclerosis complex presenting as familial renal cell carcinoma with leiomyomatous stroma
Authors: Bah Ismaël , Fahiminiya Somayyeh , Bégin Louis R , Hamel Nancy , D'Agostino Maria D , Tanguay Simon , Foulkes William D 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report an atypical tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) phenotype presenting as familial multiple renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) with (angio)leiomyomatous stroma (RCCLS) (5/7 familial RCCs) on a background of multiple angiomyolipomas, hypopigmented skin macules, and absence of neurological anomalies. In the index case and three relatives, germline genetic testing identified a heterozygous TSC2 missense pathogenic variant [c.2714 G > A, (p.Arg905Gln)], a rare TSC‐associated alteration which has previously been associated with a milder TSC phenotype. Whole‐exome sequencing of five RCCs from the index case and one RCC from his mother demonstrated either unique tumour‐specific deleterious second hits in TSC2 or significant allelic imbalance at the TSC2 gene locus (5/6 RCCs). This study confirms the key tumourigenic role of tumour‐specific TSC2 second hits in TSC‐associated RCCs and supports the notion that RCCLS may be strongly related to abnormalities of the mTOR pathway.
Screening for emotional disorders in patients with cancer using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the BSI‐18 versus a standardized psychiatric interview (the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview)
Authors: Grassi Luigi , Caruso Rosangela , Mitchell Alex J. , Sabato Silvana , Nanni Maria Giulia 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDGiven the adverse consequences of psychiatric and psychosocial morbidity on the quality of life for patients with cancer, prompt detection of psychological symptoms is mandatory. The authors examined the properties and accuracy of the Brief Symptom Inventory (the 53‐item version [BSI] and the 18‐item version [BSI‐18]) for the detection of psychiatric morbidity compared with the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) for International Classification of Diseases‐10th Revision psychiatric diagnoses.METHODSA convenience sample of 498 patients with newly diagnosed cancer who were recruited in cancer outpatient services participated in the CIDI interview and in BSI and BSI‐18 assessments.RESULTSThe prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was 39.75%. When participants were classified as cases using the BSI standard case rule, agreement with the CIDI was potentially acceptable (sensitivity, 72.7%; specificity, 88.7%). In contrast, the accuracy of the BSI‐18 in identifying cases was poor according to the standard case rule, with very low sensitivity (29.3%) (misclassification rate, 28.7%). By using a first alternative case‐rule system (a BSI‐18 global severity index [GSI] T‐score ≥57), sensitivity marginally improved (45%), whereas a second alternative case‐rule system (a GSI T‐score ≥50) significantly increased sensitivity (77.3%). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, a further cutoff GSI T‐score ≥48 exhibited good discrimination levels (sensitivity, 82.3%; specificity, 72.4%). There were some differences in GSI cutoff T‐scores according to the International Classification of Diseases‐10th Revision diagnosis and sex.CONCLUSIONSThe BSI appeared to have acceptable diagnostic accuracy compared with a standardized psychiatric interview. For the BSI‐18, it is mandatory to use alternative case‐rule systems, to identify patients with psychiatric morbidity. Cancer 2018;124:2415‐26. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Architectonic characteristics of the visual thalamus and superior colliculus in titi monkeys
Authors: Baldwin Mary K L , Krubitzer Leah 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTiti monkeys are arboreal, diurnal New World monkeys whose ancestors were the first surviving branch of the New World radiation. In the current study, we use cytoarchitectonic and immunohistochemical characteristics to compare titi monkey subcortical structures associated with visual processing with those of other well‐studied primates. Our goal was to appreciate features that are similar across all New World monkeys, and primates in general, versus those features that are unique to titi monkeys and other primate taxa. We examined tissue stained for Nissl substance, cytochrome oxidase (CO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), calbindin (Cb), parvalbumin (Pv), and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) to characterize the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate nucleus, and visual pulvinar. This is the first study to characterize VGLUT2 in multiple subcortical structures of any New World monkey. Our results from tissue processed for VGLUT2, in combination with other histological stains, revealed distinct features of subcortical structures that are similar to other primates, but also some features that are slightly modified compared to other New World monkeys and other primates. These included subdivisions of the inferior pulvinar, sublamina within the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) of the superior colliculus, and specific koniocellular layers within the lateral geniculate nucleus. Compared to other New World primates, many features of the subcortical structures that we examined in titi monkeys were most similar to those in owl monkeys and marmosets, with the lateral geniculate nucleus consisting of two main parvocellular layers and two magnocellular layers separated by interlaminar zones or koniocellular layers.
Overview of Flow Cytometry and Microbiology
Authors: Robinson J. Paul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough in recent years flow cytometry has become commonplace in hematology and immunology laboratories, application of the technology to microbiology remains largely unrealized. This overview presents the historical background, discusses applications in various areas of the field, and speculates on the directions of future developments. The availability of high‐quality methods should be a prime factor in convincing microbiologists that flow cytometry may have certain advantages over traditional methods and that it does indeed have much to contribute to microbiology. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bioequivalence of Oral Formulations of Anastrozole in Healthy Chinese Male Volunteers: A Randomized, Single‐Dose, Two‐Period, Two‐Sequence Crossover Study
Authors: Chen Jiangying , Zhuang Jialang , Wu Jingguo , Chen Xiaoyan , Wang Xueding , Huang Lihui , Zeng Guixiong , Chen Jie , Liao Xiaoxing , Chen Xiao , Ma Zhongfu , Zhong Guoping , Huang Min , Zhong Dafang , Zhao Xianglan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnastrozole is currently used as first‐line treatment in locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. A generic anastrozole tablet was developed to offer an alternative to the marketed tablet formulation. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the bioequivalence between the test and reference formulations of anastrozole in a single‐dose, 2‐period, 2‐sequence crossover study with a 14‐day washout interval. A total of 20 healthy male Chinese volunteers were enrolled and completed the study, after oral administration of a single dose of 1.0‐mg test and reference formulations of anastrozole. The blood samples were collected at different times and were determined by a fully validated high‐pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. The evaluated pharmacokinetic parameters, including Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞, were assessed for bioequivalence based on current guidelines. The observed pharmacokinetic parameters of anastrozole of the test drug were similar to those of the reference formulation. The 90% confidence intervals of test/reference ratios for Cmax, AUC0−t, and AUC0−∞ were within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 80%–125%. The results obtained from these healthy Chinese subjects in this study suggest that the test formulation of anastrozole 1.0‐mg tablet is bioequivalent to the reference formulation (Arimidex 1.0‐mg tablet).
Ropivacaine Wound Infiltration for Pain Management After Breast Cancer Mastectomy: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis
Authors: Riff Camille , Guilhaumou Romain , Marsot Amelie , Beaussier Marc , Cohen Monique , Blin Olivier , Francon Daniel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRopivacaine continuous wound infusions (CWIs) are extensively used as a component of multimodal analgesia. The rational application of CWI of ropivacaine requires a thorough understanding of its pharmacokinetics to investigate the risk of potential systemic toxicity. A population pharmacokinetic (popPK) study was undertaken to describe the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine CWI during 75 hours. Women undergoing a unilateral mastectomy were scheduled to receive CWI for 40 hours for postoperative analgesia. A 10‐mL ropivacaine 0.75% bolus followed by continuous infusion (400 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine at a flow rate of 10 mL/h) was administered via a multihole catheter placed on the major pectoral muscle. PopPK analysis was performed using the nonlinear mixed‐effects model. A 1‐compartment disposition model with an absorption compartment and a transit compartment for the infusion best describes the data (67 observations from 10 women). Population parameter estimates (between‐subject variability, %) are apparent central volume (V/F) 269 L (39.1%), apparent clearance (CL/F) 18.8 h‐1 (74.9%), and absorption rate (K12) 0.406 h‐1. The model predicted Cmax as 1.45 ± 0.80 μg/mL, which occurred in the 42.4th hour (39–45.9 hours). This popPK model describes the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine during continuous wound infusion and confirms the safety profile of the present technique.
Hydroxyapatite with Permanent Electrical Polarization: Preparation, Characterization, and Response against Inorganic Adsorbates
Authors: Rivas Manuel , del Valle Luis J. , Armelin Elaine , Bertran Oscar , Turon Pau , Puiggalí Jordi , Alemán Carlos 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPermanently polarized hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles have been prepared by applying a constant DC of 500 V at 1000 °C for 1 h to the sintered mineral. This process causes important chemical changes, as the formation of OH−defects (vacancies), the disappearance of hydrogenophosphate ions at the mineral surface layer, and structural variations reflected by the increment of the crystallinity. As a consequence, the electrochemical properties and electrical conductivity of the polarized mineral increase noticeably compared with as‐prepared and sintered samples. Moreover, these increments remain practically unaltered after several months. In addition, permanent polarization favours significantly the ability of HAp to adsorb inorganic bioadsorbates in comparison with as‐prepared and sintered samples. The adsorbates cause a significant increment of the electrochemical stability and electrical conductivity with respect to bare polarized HAp, which may have many implications for biomedical applications of permanently polarized HAp.
Gnotobiotic and Conventional Mouse Systems to Support Microbiota Based Studies
Authors: Lavin Richard , DiBenedetto Nicholas , Yeliseyev Vladimir , Delaney Mary , Bry Lynn 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnimal models are essential to dissect host‐microbiota interactions that impact health and the development of disease. In addition to providing pre‐clinical models for the development of novel therapeutics and diagnostic biomarkers, mouse systems actively support microbiome studies by defining microbial contributions to normal development and homeostasis, as well as the role of microbes in promoting diseases such as inflammatory auto‐immune disorders, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and susceptibility to infectious agents. Mice provide a genetically tenable host that can be reared under gnotobiotic (germ‐free) conditions, allowing colonization studies with human‐ or mouse‐origin defined or complex microbial communities to define specific in vivo effects. The protocols and background information detail key aspects to consider in designing host‐microbiome experiments with mouse models, and in developing robust systems that leverage gnotobiotic mice, microbial consortia, and specific environmental perturbations to identify causal effects in vivo. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Production and Expansion from Blood using a Non‐Integrating Viral Reprogramming Vector
Authors: Sharma Arun , Mücke Michael , Seidman Christine E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe describe a method to transform blood lymphocytes into human‐induced pluripotent stem cells by delivering four transcription factors with a non‐integrative virus. Using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as the source cell type for hiPSC reprogramming is advantageous since blood samples are rapidly and safely obtained from nearly‐all subjects. Reprogramming factors needed to make hiPSCs are introduced by infecting the PBMCs with non‐integrating Sendai virus vectors. Reprogrammed cells can subsequently be quickly expanded for downstream use. In this unit, we present current protocols for the isolation of PBMCs from a small sample of human blood and subsequent viral reprogramming and expansion of PBMCs into hiPSCs. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Histone Modifications by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Völker‐Albert Moritz Carl , Schmidt Andreas , Forne Ignasi , Imhof Axel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHistone N termini undergo diverse post‐translational modifications that significantly extend the information potential of the genetic code. Moreover, these modifications mark specific chromatin regions, modulating epigenetic control, lineage commitment, and overall function of chromosomes. It is widely accepted that histone modifications affect chromatin function, but the exact mechanisms by which modifications on histone tails and specific combinations of modifications are generated, and how they cross‐talk with one another, are still enigmatic. Mass spectrometry is the gold‐standard method for analyzing histone modifications, as it allows the quantification of modifications and combinations. This unit describes how high‐resolution mass spectrometry can be used to study histone post‐translational modifications. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Gene Expression Using Filamentous Fungi
Authors: Nevalainen Helena , Peterson Robyn , Curach Natalie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFilamentous fungi are lower eukaryotes increasingly used for expression of foreign proteins ranging from industrial enzymes originating from other fungi and bacteria to proteins of mammalian origin, such as antibodies and growth factors. Their strengths include an excellent capacity for protein secretion and their eukaryotic protein processing machinery. Proteins secreted from filamentous fungi are modified in the secretory pathway, with folding, proteolytic processing, and addition of glycans being the main modifications. Unlike from many other expression systems, however, plasmids and host strains for expression of gene products in filamentous fungi are not readily available commercially, and the expression system must thus be stitched together in the laboratory. In this overview, the key elements of fungal expression systems are discussed from a practical point of view and with a view towards the future. The principles and considerations presented here can be applied to a range of filamentous fungi. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Relaxation Dispersion NMR Spectroscopy to Study Protein Dynamics and Protein‐Ligand Interactions
Authors: Walinda Erik , Morimoto Daichi , Sugase Kenji 
Published: April 2018

AbstractProteins and nucleic acids are central to all biological processes. NMR spectroscopy has proven to be excellent for studying the dynamics of these macromolecules over various timescales. Relaxation rates and heteronuclear nuclear Overhauser‐effect values can resolve motion on pico‐ to nanosecond timescales, residual dipolar couplings provide information on submicro‐ to millisecond timescales, and even slower dynamics over seconds to hours can be resolved by hydrogen‐exchange experiments. Relaxation dispersion experiments are especially valuable because they resolve motion on micro‐ to millisecond timescales, encompassing biomolecular motions associated with ligand binding, enzymatic catalysis, and domain‐domain opening. These experiments provide structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic information on “invisible” excited conformational states. Relaxation dispersion can be applied not only to single biomolecules but also to protein‐ligand complexes to study the kinetics and thermodynamics of association and dissociation. We review recent developments in relaxation dispersion methodology, outline the R1ρ relaxation dispersion experiment, and discuss application to biomolecular interactions. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.