bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Urbanist Principle of Quality of Life for Urban Regeneration
Authors: CYSEK-PAWLAK Monika Maria 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Quality of life (QOL) is a crucial but complex concept, determined by the insights of multiple disciplines. This paper applies the holistic approach to planning known as New Urbanism (NU) to the analysis of QOL, and argues that this movement should no longer be thought of simply as dedicated to halting urban sprawl, but also as providing guiding principles for the process of urban regeneration within the city. The study therefore aims to verify the relationship between NU principles and QOL, from the perspective of urban regeneration. A comparative study is made of two strategic zones in Roubaix (France) and Lodz (Poland). These serve as physical models in which spatial elements crucial for NU are analyzed. Ways of improving QOL through the application of NU guidelines for urban regeneration are also elaborated. The conclusions have possible practical applications, especially in the case of the site in Poland, Green Polesie, where urban regulations are still being elaborated and the whole process of urban regeneration is only just underway.
Students’ Assesment of Environmental Conditions in University Buildings – The Research Report
Authors: LASIEWICZ-SYCH Angelika 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of research aimed at preliminary analysis of the students’ assessment of environmental conditions in selected university buildings in Poland. The study was conducted using questionnaires designed for this study. The questionnaire-based interviews were conducted in five university buildings in a few academic centres; the respondents were students attending classes in the buildings (N = 184) under study. The data were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively with the use of behavioural mapping and space syntax analysis. The research results indicated students’ behavioral and emotional engagement with the places of study, their assessment of the functional performance of these facilities and proposals for improvement of the existing environment (in particular the creation of individual learning space and the “student space” in general), as well as the emotionally-charged and personalized image of individual buildings. Theoretical introduction into the subject matter of research is the paper „Space for university students: specific requirements for <self-learning> environment – theoretical approach”.
21ST CENTURY THEATER – REGRESS OR PROGRESS?
Authors: OBRACAJ Piotr 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Theater as such is mostly defined through a relationship between play and observation. Such interplay results in a final product with either lasting or fleeting spatial form, and such spatial form ensues from a broadly understood function it is meant to fulfill. Therefore, the aesthetics of stage objects will involve the shape of the building as well as the stage pictures that are created in it and in its factual or significative proximity. To put it in simple terms, present-day global trends in theater construction seem to be headed in two directions. The first one involves standard solutions for the stage layout in a representative facility. They are addressed to the majority of audiences. The second trend is a form of relationship between the areas of play and observation. It is an embodiment of the creative idea of the people of theater, and, oftentimes, it is an outcome of advanced and complex creative ideas combined with many years of experience. It is an ambitious theater, in many circumstances bordering on an experiment. The discussion of aesthetics of theater facilities and stage layouts was conducted on the basis of judgments expressed by Władysław Tatarkiewicz and Umberto Eco. Despite being seemingly different, they are generally similar.
Analysis of Concrete Corrosion of Manhole Located Near Source of Odorous Emission
Authors: GIL Bożena , SŁOMKA-SŁUPIK Barbara , KOWALSKA Katarzyna , JASIŃSKI Karol 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The problem of corrosion of sanitary sewer concrete concerns the elements located just behind the expansion well. Evolving odorogenic substances and bioaerosols spread in the sewage system, cause in adverse conditions both chemical and biological corrosion of concrete. The paper presents the results of tests of samples taken from the top concrete circle and from a corroded cast iron hatch of 7 years old manhole located below the expansion well. Well elements were subjected to a strong interaction of hydrogen sulphide, which average concentration in the sewage air, during an exemplary 84 hours was 29 ppm. Concrete was gelatinous fine with noticeable outer pellicular layer of 1 mm thick and the inner layer containing aggregates (grain < 1 cm). Sulfur oxidizing, sulfates reducing, Fe2+ oxidizing bacteria, aerobic heterotrophs, anaerobic heterotrophs, nitrifiers and denitrifiers were determined. In the concrete sample, no sulfate-reducing bacteria were detected under the film-like layer and in the cast-iron manhole material, while the hatch also did not contain anaerobic heterotrophs, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. The sulphate content in the concrete samples tested was very high, about 20% in the mass of concrete and 50% in the weight of the binder soluble in HCl. Microscopic investigations showed that the outer layer of the concrete was very rich in gypsum, and the pH of the aqueous extract was in the range of 7–8.
Preliminary Analysis of Sewage Management in Sokólski District
Authors: SKOCZKO Iwona , OSZCZAPIŃSKA Katarzyna 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Rural areas, similar with the amount of produced sewage to urban areas, are rarely parts of agglomerations. Because of dispersed buildings and often poor infrastructure, sewage management regulation in rural areas can be difficult. Caring for the environment include aquatic environment protection. Sewage economy regulations, especially in rural areas, is a key issue in water contaminations counteracting. Often inappropriate sewage disposal and treatment methods choice could cause ecological imbalance and water pollution as the result.
The aim of this paper was to evaluate water and sewage economy development in Sokólski District in Poland. In the study were used Central Statistical Office of Poland data from 2008–2016. There was considered cesspit and household sewage treatment plants amount and water and wastewater systems length. Also, sewage systems built in recent years and planned in the analysed area were considered.
In recent years reducing trend in a number of cesspits was observed. In 2008–2016 there was an increase in a number of household sewage treatment plants by 919 and about 50 kilometres of the sewage system, while there were 400 cesspits less.
No‐Till Diversified Cropping Systems for Efficient Allocation of Precipitation in the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Patrignani Andres , Godsey Chad B. , Ochsner Tyson E. 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas
Precipitation allocation increased from 45 to 85% when using diversified crop rotations.
Shifting timing of fallow periods increased growing season precipitation allocation.
Diversified crop rotations exhibited lower total water losses during fallow periods than continuous wheat rotations.
Conventional till continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a common cropping system in the portion of the Southern Great Plains (Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas) with >600 mm annual precipitation. This cropping system contributes to soil erosion and uses resources such as precipitation, land, and time inefficiently. Therefore, new cropping strategies are needed. The objective of this research was to determine how no‐till diversified cropping systems affect precipitation allocation and precipitation storage efficiency relative to conventional till continuous wheat. Five crop rotations of varied diversity were studied including the following crops: winter wheat, corn (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.], and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]). The experimental design was a randomized complete block in two location and 2 yr. Soil water content (SWC) to a 2‐m depth was measured weekly with a neutron probe. Regardless of the cropping system, nearly 80% of precipitation during fallow periods was lost. Eighty‐five percent of the annual precipitation was received during the crop growing seasons in the diversified cropping systems compared with 48% in continuous wheat. Fallow periods were inefficient regardless of cropping intensification and shifting fallow periods from summer to winter months resulted in more efficient use of precipitation in the diversified cropping systems.
Soil and Root Attributes in Pastures Managed under Different Stocking Rates and Nitrogen Fertilization Levels
Authors: da Silva Hiran Marcelo Siqueira , Dubeux José Carlos Batista , Silveira Maria Lúcia , dos Santos Mércia Virginia Ferreira , de Freitas Erinaldo Viana , de Almeida Brivaldo Gomes 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas
Grassland is a widespread agroecosystem in the globe; however, not enough attention has been given to link grazing management to soil health.
Grazing management practices greatly impact soil quality.
Moderate stocking rate are more adequate to keep grassland stability.
Pasture management affects soil physical–chemical properties and root depth distribution. Adjusting grazing pressure and N fertilization are key management tools affecting these responses. This study evaluated the effect of N fertilization and stocking rate (SR) on soil physical and chemical attributes and root depth distribution in grazed elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. 381) pastures (2009 and 2010). Treatments consisted of three SR (2.0, 3.9, and 5.8 AU ha−1; 1 AU = animal unit = 450 kg body weight) and three N doses (0, 150, and 300 kg N ha−1 yr−1) on elephantgrass pastures. Response variables included soil bulk density (BD), particle density (PD), total porosity (TP), aggregate stability (AS), water infiltration rate (WIR), light fraction of soil organic matter (LF‐SOM), soil fertility, root length density (RLD), and root biomass. Increased SR resulted in greater BD. Soil bulk density ranged from 1.42 to 1.58 g cm−3 for SR ranging from 2.0 to 5.8 AU ha−1, respectively. The C concentration of the LF‐SOM decreased with increasing SR, ranging from 383 to 174 mg C kg−1 soil. Soil fertility, RLD, and the stock of C and N in the root system varied among soil layers. At the end of 2 yr, SR and N fertilization did not affect TP, WIR, and AS nor influenced soil fertility and root system distribution. Overgrazing led to soil compaction and reduced LF‐SOM, indicating a trend of pasture degradation. Moderate SR resulted in greater LF‐SOM, indicating a positive trend for C accumulation in the long term.
Comparison of Soil Physical Quality Indicators Using Direct and Indirect Data Inputs Derived from a Combination of In‐Situ and Ex‐Situ Methods
Authors: Bacher M. G. , Schmidt O. , Bondi G. , Creamer R. , Fenton O. 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas
Soil quality indicators such as S and PAWC are considered as static indicators with low sensitivity.
The soil quality indicator AWr is considered a dynamic indicator with high sensitivity.
Indirect pedotransfer function based SWRCs are appropriate for static baseline indicators.
Soil monitoring programs should use AWr as a sensitive and reliable soil quality indicator.
The quality of a soil is its ability to deliver functions providing ecosystem services, human health and well‐being. Soil physical quality (SPQ) values use different parts of the soil water retention curve (SWRC) to calculate SPQ. For example, the plant available water capacity (PAWC) method is the difference in water content between permanent wilting point and field capacity. The S‐index uses the slope of the SWRC at its inflection point and the relative air‐water energy (AWr) is the integral of “dry” divided by the “wet” area of the SWRC. Increasing demand for soil monitoring policies calls for reliable and sensitive soil quality indicators (SQIs). The objectives of the study were to assess the sensitivity and applicability of SPQ indicators using direct and indirect data inputs. The indirect approach provided sufficient data complexity for the PAWC and S‐index values, but the more complex AWr required the direct approach. PAWC and S‐index values were identified as static SPQ indicators. The values obtained from these approaches should be used to form baseline static datasets and therefore have an indicative role only. The AWr value was identified as a dynamic SPQ indicator and provided required sensitivity to pick up temporal changes in SPQ. This indicator could be used at multiple scales and could even guide grassland management in terms of SPQ. Higher SWRC data resolution will require more complex hydraulic models to fit and will ultimately improve the accuracy of soil hydraulic data and improve the sensitivity of AWr as a SPQ indicator.
The Effect of Dynamic Capillarity in Modeling Saturation Overshoot during Infiltration
Authors: Zhuang Luwen , van Duijn C.J. , Hassanizadeh S. Majid 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas
We provide detailed analysis of various forms of the dynamic capillarity coefficient.
We focus on the region of saturation overshoot at larger saturation.
The results are evaluated with the aid of experimental observations.
Gravity‐driven fingering has been observed during downward infiltration of water into dry sand. Moreover, the water saturation profile within each finger is non‐monotonic, with a saturation overshoot at the finger tip. As reported in the literature, these effects can be simulated by an extended form of the Richards equation, where a dynamic capillarity term is included. The coefficient of proportionality is called the dynamic capillarity coefficient. The dynamic capillarity coefficient may depend on saturation. However, there is no consensus on the form of this dependence. We provide a detailed traveling wave analysis of four distinctly different functional forms of the dynamic capillarity coefficient. In some forms, the coefficient increases with increasing saturation, and in some forms, it decreases. For each form, we have found an explicit expression for the maximum value of saturation in the overshoot region. In current formulations of dynamic capillarity, if the value of the capillarity coefficient is large, the value of saturation in the overshoot region may exceed unity, which is obviously nonphysical. So, we have been able to ensure boundedness of saturation regardless of the value of the dynamic capillarity coefficient by extending the capillary pressure–saturation relationship. Finally, we provide a qualitative comparison of the results of traveling wave analysis with experimental observations.
Application of cadmium-doped ZnO for the solar photocatalytic degradation of phenol
Authors: Shahmoradi Behzad , Farahani Farzaneh , Kohzadi Shadi , Maleki Afshin , Pordel Mohammadamin , Zandsalimi Yahya , Gong Yuxuan , Yang Jixiang , McKay Gordon , Lee Seung-Mok , Yang Jae-Kyu 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this study, photocatalysis of phenol was studied using Cd-ZnO nanorods, which were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The Cd-ZnO photocatalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD patterns exhibit diffraction peaks indexed to the hexagonal wurtzite structures with the P63mc space group. SEM images showed that the average size of the Cd-ZnO nanorods was about 90 nm. Moreover, the nanorods were not agglomerated and were well-dispersed in the aqueous medium. FT-IR analysis confirmed that a surface modifier (n-butylamine) did not add any functional groups onto the Cd-ZnO nanorods. The dopant used in this study showed reduction of the bandgap energy between valence and conduction of the photocatalyst. In addition, effect of various operational parameters including type of photocatalyst, pH, initial concentration of phenol, amount of photocatalyst, and irradiation time on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol has been investigated. The highest phenol removal was achieved using 1% Cd-ZnO for 20 mg/l phenol at pH 7, 3 g/l photocatalyst, 120 min contact time, and 0.01 mole H2O2.
Development of a Gold Nanoparticle-labeled Sandwich Format Lateral Flow Immunoassay Kit for the Detection of Tropical House Dust Mite Suidasia pontifica
Authors: Ngu Mark Angelo V. , Bergantin Jose H. , Ramos John Donnie A. 
Published: February 2019

Background:The house dust mite Suidasia pontifica (Sp) is an important source of allergens in tropical regions that trigger IgE-mediated allergic reactions such as allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis. Detection of Sp-specific proteins are important in the management and prevention of allergic diseases.Objective:The study aimed to provide a proof of concept for a gold nanoparticle-labeled sandwich format Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) kit for the detection of Sp-specific proteins.Methods:Protein A chromatography-purified rabbit anti-Sp polyclonal antibodies were labeled with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) synthesized from chloroauric acid using the citrate reduction method, then dispensed on a glass fiber pad. Unlabeled antibodies and anti-rabbit IgG were immobilized onto nitrocellulose membrane as test line and control line respectively. Cellulose fiber pad, glass fiber, and the nitrocellulose membrane pad were then assembled as LFIA kit.Results:Protein-A affinity chromatography purification with pre-concentration yielded 1.45 mg/mL of anti-Sp polyclonal antibodies. Synthesized AuNPs with ~20 nm sizes observed under transmission electron microscope were used for antibody conjugation at an optimal pH of 8.5 (borate buffer) and an optimal ratio of 10 µ L 50µg/mL antibody:100 µ L AuNP. Optimal color intensity and fastest migration time were observed with the treatment of 0.05% Tween20 and 10% sucrose in the conjugate pads; 5% BSA and 0.05% Tween20 in the sample pads, and 1% BSA in the test pads. The limit of detection of the LFIA Sp-specific proteins is 0.076 µg/mL. The sensitivity of the Sp LFIA kit is 83% while the specificity is 100%.Conclusion:This is the first report of a prototype for a cost-effective, rapid, and equipment-free detection of the house dust mite Suidasia pontifica.
Synthesis and Molecular Docking of New Thiophene Derivatives as Lactate Dehydrogenase-A Inhibitors
Authors: Amr Abd El-Galil E. , El-Shehry Mohamed F. , Ibrahim Alhussein A. , Hosni Hanaa M. , Al-Omar Mohamed A. , Ghabbour Hazem A. 
Published: February 2019

Background & Objective:A series of novel derivatives possessing the thiophene moiety were synthesized using ethyl 5'-amino-2,3'-bithiophene-4'-carboxylate as the starting material.Methods:The new synthesized derivatives were screened as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitors. LDH plays an important role in glucose metabolism in cancer cells and can affect tumor genesis and metastasis.Results:3-Substituted p-tolylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones 4 were the most potent inhibitors in this study compared to Galloflavin reference drug.Conclusion:Molecular docking studies on the Human Lactate Dehydrogenase active site were carried out on the synthesized compounds and the MolDock scores ranged between -127 to -171.
Chemistry, Alpha-glucosidase and Radical Scavenging Properties of Uranyl(VI) Hydrazide Complexes
Authors: Akhter Parveen , Ashiq Uzma , Jamal Rifat A. , Shaikh Zara , Mahroof-Tahir Mohammad , Lateef Mehreen , Badar Rooma 
Published: February 2019

Background:Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antitumoral activities among others are essential characteristics in the development of novel therapeutic compounds. Acid hydrazides can form complexation with certain metal ions that positively enhance these biological characteristics.Objective:Five new complexes of uranium with hydrazide ligands were synthesized at room temperature.Methods:Methods: The characterization was done by spectroscopic methods (ESI-Mass, IR, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR), CHN analysis and conductivity measurements. Metal complexes along with their respective ligands were further screened for their antioxidant (DPPH, superoxide and nitric oxide free radicals) properties and enzyme inhibition (α-glucosidase) activities.Results:Elemental and spectral data indicate octahedral geometry around uranyl (UO2 2+) species. Magnetic moments indicate the diamagnetic nature of uranyl(VI) ion in the complex in solid state. IC50 values showed potential antioxidant behavior of uranyl complexes demonstrating interesting structure-activity relationships. In general, hydrazide ligands were not active against superoxide and nitric oxide radicals while varying degree of results were observed against DPPH radical whereas all uranyl-complexes showed promising radical scavenging activities against all of them. Promising inhibitory potential was displayed by UO2 +2 hydrazide complexes against α- glucosidases whereas free hydrazide ligands were inactive.Conclusion:Structure function relationship demonstrates that the nature of ligand, position of substituent, electronic and steric effects are significant factors affecting the radical scavenging and enzyme inhibition activities of the compounds.
Overdoses of Acetaminophen Disrupt the Thyroid-Liver Axis in Neonatal Rats
Authors: R.G. Ahmed 
Published: February 2019

Objective:The aim of the study was to examine the impact of neonatal acetaminophen (APAP; paracetamol) administrations on the thyroid-liver axis in male Wistar rats.Methods:APAP (100 or 350mg/kg) was orally administered to neonates from Postnatal Day (PND) 20 to 40.Results:Both APAP doses elicited a substantial increase in serum TSH, albumin, AST, ALT, and ALP values, and a profound decrease in serum FT4 and FT3 values at PND 40 relative to those in the control group. Additionally, the hypothyroid state in both APAP-treated groups may increase the histopathological variations in the neonatal liver, such as destructive degeneration, fibrosis, fatty degeneration, fibroblast proliferation, haemorrhage, oedema, and vacuolar degeneration, at PND 40. Moreover, in the APAP groups, a marked depression was recorded in the t-SH and GSH levels and GPx and CAT activities at PND 40 in the neonatal liver compared to those in the control group. However, the levels of hepatic LPO, H2O2, and NO were increased in both APAP-treated groups at PND 40. All previous alterations were dose- dependent.Conclusion:Neonatal APAP caused a hypothyroidism and disturbed hepatic cellular components by increasing prooxidant markers and decreasing antioxidant markers, causing hepatotoxicity. Thus, neonatal administrations of APAP may act as a neonatal thyroid-liver disruptor.