bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Distillates Purified by Means of Molecular Distillation from Ginger Extract Obtained with Supercritical CO2 Fluid
Authors: Wang Li‐Xia , Zhao Wen‐Hua , Lu Yi‐Fei , Wang Chen‐Xu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ginger extract obtained with supercritical CO2 fluid was purified by molecular distillation (MD), and the chemical compositions, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ginger extract and its distillates were investigated. Analysis revealed that the ginger extract was rich in terpene hydrocarbons, along with oxygenated terpenes and other non‐volatile compounds. The MD distillates were prepared in a series of stages and the active compounds like terpenes and gingerols could be separated by MD. The major compounds of the distillates purified by MD at 40 °C, 80 Pa and 60 °C, 80 Pa were terpene hydrocarbons. Additional distillates obtained by MD at 80 °C, 80 Pa and 100 °C, 60 Pa were predominated by terpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated terpenes. Until the operating conditions of MD reached 150 °C and 2 Pa, some non‐volatile compounds were concentrated in the final distillate. Moreover, antioxidant activities and the cytotoxic effects on three human cancer cells in final MD distillate were superior to other extracts, and this phenomenon could be mainly supported by the phenols. The MD could be used to prepare ginger distillates with better antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.
Developing a competency‐based education training programme for university tutors
Authors: Betts Lucy R. , Huntington Bethany , Iao Lai‐Sang , Dillon Gayle V. , Baguley Thom , Banyard Phil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecently, there has been an increase in the adoption of competency‐based approaches (CBA) in higher education and, for some practitioners, this involves modifying existing provision. This case study describes the development, delivery, and evaluation of a transnational training program that was developed for Chinese university tutors who planned to implement CBA into their teaching. The 25‐hr training program was designed to be experiential in nature, so practitioners learnt about and experienced CBA simultaneously. Although the participants rated the program favorably, we identified two main challenges associated with the training course: anxiety around the CBA and the need to be aware of the learners’ cultural climate. Recommendations for others who are developing similar training programs that model a CBA are discussed.
Performance of the TRUE dilatation balloon valvuloplasty catheter beyond rated burst pressure: A bench study
Authors: Sathananthan Janarthanan , Hensey Mark , Sellers Stephanie , Barlow Aaron M. , Chhatriwalla Adnan K. , Allen Keith B. , Cheung Anson , Søndergaard Lars , Blanke Philipp , Ye Jian , Leipsic Jonathan , Wood David , Webb John 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesWe undertook an independent bench test assessing the performance of the TRUE dilatation (TD) balloon valvuloplasty catheter (Bard Vascular Inc., Tempe, AZ) beyond its rated burst pressure (RBP).BackgroundThe TD balloon has a RBP of six atmospheres (atm), and its performance beyond this RBP is poorly understood. Techniques such as bioprosthetic valve fracture require inflation pressures beyond manufacturer recommendations.MethodsA 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 mm TD balloon were inflated to increasing pressures in increments of 3 atm until balloon failure. Measurements were performed at the proximal, middle, and distal balloon segments with scientific digital calipers. Z‐MED balloons (Braun Interventional Systems Inc., Bethlehem, PA) were used as a comparator.ResultsThe mean diameter at the middle of the 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 mm TD balloon at nominal pressure (3 atm) was 20.02 ± 0.09, 21.77 ± 0.07, 23.9 ± 0.06, 25.82 ± 0.08, and 27.62 ± 0.08 mm, respectively. The maximal mean diameter at the middle of the 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 mm TD balloon was 20.39 ± 0.03 mm (15 atm), 22.35 ± 0.03 mm (15 atm), 24.55 ± 0.02 mm (15 atm), 26.48 ± 0.02 mm (12 atm), and 28.39 ± 0.03 mm (12 atm), respectively. The 20/22/24 and 26/28 mm balloon failed when inflated beyond 15 atm and 12 atm, respectively. Failure was due to either leakage or longitudinal balloon rupture. TD balloons were more likely to maintain dimensions similar to their labeled size and less likely to fail at higher pressures as compared to Z‐MED balloons.ConclusionThe TD balloon catheter maintains a similar diameter to its labeled size, when inflated beyond its RBP. When inflated beyond 12 atm, the TD balloon can fail due to either leakage or rupture. This has implications for percutaneous structural heart interventions.
Assessment by miRNA microarray of an autologous cancer antigen‐pulsed adoptive immune ensemble cell therapy (AC‐ACT) approach; demonstrated induction of anti‐oncogenic and anti‐PD‐L1 miRNAs
Authors: Chinami Masanobu , Iwabuchi Kaoru , Muto Yoshiteru , Uchida Yasuhiko , Arita Ryu , Shuraim Rana A. , Adra Chaker N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA 60‐year‐old woman with stage IV rectal cancer received adoptive cell therapy with autologous cancer antigen (AC‐ACT) causing induction of anti‐oncogenic and anti‐PD‐L1 miRNAs as assessed by miRNA microarray. More than 1 year after AC‐ACT, metastases have been arrested, and the patient reports good quality of life.
Interactions of Plasmonic Silver Nanoparticles with High Energy Sites on Multi‐Faceted Rutile TiO2 Photoanodes
Authors: Ballestas‐Barrientos Alfonso , Li Xiaobo , Yick Samuel , Yuen Alexander , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe plasmonic interactions between silver nanoparticles and various rutile TiO2 facets are studied by correlating Advanced Electron Microscopy and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to help design a route towards an optimised polycrystalline film fabrication. By using an Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) detector, it was determined that using HF as directing agent during the hydrothermal growth of TiO2 promotes the formation of high‐angle grain boundaries. Silver photodeposition occurs preferentially at these boundaries, consistent with the presence of high energy sites on the (100)‐oriented rutile TiO2 nanorods. Further EIS study showed an increase in the photoelectrochemical activity in the visible range of the solar spectrum for the samples consisting of silver nanoparticles deposited on these grain boundaries.
Cobalt Phosphide Ultrathin and Freestanding Sheets Prepared through Microwave Chemical Vapor Deposition: A Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst
Authors: Rafai Souleymen , Qiao Chen , Wang Zhitao , Cao Chuanbao , Mahmood Tariq , Naveed Muhammad , Younas Waqar , Khalid Syed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the prime barrier for many appealing energy conversion and storage technologies, including water electrolysis, metal–air batteries, and fuel cells. Therefore, developing a cost‐effective, efficient, and robust OER catalyst is still a challenge. Herein, we report a fast, low‐cost, and gram‐scale approach to overcome the synthesis of freestanding, ultrathin (ca. 1.3 nm), and mesoporous CoP sheets through the microwave‐assisted growth of a cobalt‐layered double hydroxide (Co‐LDH) precursor coupled with chemical vapor deposition. The present 2D nanostructure not only guarantees a rich surface of active sites, but also promotes the charge and mass transfers due to the ultrathin and mesoporous features that allow it to efficiently perform the OER. It was found that the surface of the CoP sheets was oxidized in situ under the catalytic conditions, suggesting that Co3O4/CoP is effectively the active form of the catalyst, thereby modulating the electronic structure of Co atoms (active centers). This was embodied by the lowering of the Co‐LDH's required overpotential to achieve 10 mA cm−2 (η10) from 296 to 265 mV and the Tafel slope decrease from 75 to 63 mV dec−1 upon phosphorization. Such performances of CoP nanosheets are remarkably superior to those of commercial RuO2 and compare favorably to the best values reported for noble‐metal‐free OER electrocatalysts.
Isotope and Hydrogen‐Bond Effects on the Self‐Assembly of Macroions in Dilute Solution
Authors: Li Hui , Shen Yidan , Yang Peng , Szymanowski Jennifer E. S. , Chen Jiahui , Gao Yunyi , Burns Peter C. , Kortz Ulrich , Liu Tianbo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report on the disparity in the assembly behavior of four types of nano‐sized macroions induced by isotopic substitution of protium (H) to deuterium (D) in solvents. Macroions with modest charge density can self‐assemble into single‐layer, hollow, spherical “blackberry”‐type structures, with larger assembly sizes representing stronger attractions among the macroions. Kinetically, all assembly processes become slower in D2O than in H2O. Thermodynamically, the polyoxometalate {SrPd12}, the uranium cage {U60} with alkali metal counterions, and the metal–organic cationic cage {Pd12L24} demonstrate similar assembly sizes in both H2O and D2O, whereas the metal oxide cluster {Mo72Fe30} as a weak acid shows an unusually large assembly size in H2O—suggesting a stronger contribution from the hydrogen bonding in the last case.
Investigation of Molecular Alkali Tetrafluorido Aurates by Matrix‐Isolation Spectroscopy
Authors: Redeker Frenio A. , Ellwanger Mathias A. , Beckers Helmut , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMolecular alkali tetrafluorido aurate ion pairs M[AuF4] (M=K, Rb, Cs) are produced by co‐deposition of IR laser‐ablated AuF3 and MF in solid neon under cryogenic conditions. This method also yields molecular AuF3 and its dimer Au2F6. The products are characterized by their Au–F stretching bands and high‐level quantum‐chemical calculations at the CCSD(T)/triple‐ζ level of theory. Structural changes in AuF4− associated with the coordination of the anion to different alkali cations are proven spectroscopically and discussed.
Metal‐Carbene‐Templated Photochemistry in Solution: A Universal Route towards Cyclobutane Derivatives
Authors: Li Yang , Jin Guang‐Feng , An Yuan‐Yuan , Das Rajorshi , Han Ying‐Feng 
Published: October 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionA series of dicarbene‐bridged metallacycles [Ag2(1)2](PF6)2, [Ag2(2)2](BF4)2, [Ag2(3)2](PF6)2, [Ag2(7)2](BF4)2, [Ag2(8)2](BF4)2 and [Ag2(11)2](PF6)2 were obtained in high yields via the reactions of 1,2,4‐triazole‐, 1,2,3‐triazole‐ and imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐based ligands with Ag2O in CH3CN. The C=C double bonds in all of the newly synthesized metallacycles went through [2 + 2] photodimerization under UV irradiation condition (λ = 365 nm, T = 298 K) yielding the dinuclear rctt‐cyclobutane‐silver(I) complexes [Ag2(4)](PF6)2, [Ag2(5)](BF4)2, [Ag2(6)](PF6)2, [Ag2(9)](BF4)2, [Ag2(10)](BF4)2 and [Ag2(12)](PF6)2, respectively with quantitative yields. Treatment of the these cyclobutane‐bridged silver(I) complexes with NH4Cl resulted in the exclusive formation of cyclobutane derivatives after removal of the silver(I) metal ions.
Incentives for climate mitigation in the land use sector—the effects of payment for environmental services on environmental and socioeconomic outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Snilsveit Birte , Stevenson Jennifer , Langer Laurenz , Tannous Natalie , Ravat Zafeer , Nduku Promise , Polanin Joshua , Shemilt Ian , Eyers John , Ferraro Paul J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnsustainable practices in the land use sector contribute to climate change through the release of greenhouse gases. Payment for environmental services (PESs) provide economic incentives to reduce the negative environmental impacts of land use and are a popular approach to mitigate climate change in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Some PES programmes also aim to improve socioeconomic outcomes and reduce poverty. This systematic review examines the effect of programmes on environmental and socioeconomic outcomes. We identified 44 quantitative impact evaluations and 60 qualitative studies of PES programmes for inclusion in the review, to assess both the effects of PES and identify context, design and implementation features that may influence PES effectiveness. The studies covered 18 programmes from 12 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, East Asia and Pacific, South Asia and Sub‐Saharan Africa. The review finds that PES may increase household income, reduce deforestation and improve forest cover, but the findings are, however, based on low and very low quality evidence from a small number of programmes and should be treated with caution. Qualitative evidence indicates that several factors influence whether PES programmes are likely to be effective in different contexts and suggests that the inclusion of strong governance structures and the effective targeting of both locations and participants may improve intervention effectiveness. Funders, implementing agencies and researchers should collaborate to develop a coordinated programme of rigorous, mixed‐methods impact evaluation implemented across contexts. Until such evidence is available, PES programmes remain a high‐risk strategy for climate change mitigation.
A De Giorgi–Type Conjecture for Minimal Solutions to a Nonlinear Stokes Equation
Authors: Ignat Radu , Monteil Antonin 
Published: October 2019

We study the one‐dimensional symmetry of solutions to the nonlinear Stokes equation

urn:x-wiley:00103640:media:cpa21867:cpa21867-math-0001

which are periodic in the d − 1 last variables (living on the torus 𝕋d−1) and globally minimize the corresponding energy in Ω = ℝ × 𝕋d−1, i.e.,

urn:x-wiley:00103640:media:cpa21867:cpa21867-math-0002

Namely, we find a class of nonlinear potentials W ≥ 0 such that any global minimizer u of E connecting two zeros of W as x1 →  ± ∞ is one‐dimensional; i.e., u depends only on the x1‐variable.In particular, this class includes in dimension d = 2 the nonlinearities with w being a harmonic function or a solution to the wave equation, while in dimension d ≥ 3, this class contains a perturbation of the Ginzburg‐Landau potential as well as potentials W having d + 1 wells with prescribed transition cost between the wells. For that, we develop a theory of calibrations relying on the notion of entropy (coming from scalar conservation laws). We also study the problem of the existence of global minimizers of E for general potentials W providing in particular compactness results for uniformly finite energy maps u in Ω connecting two wells of W as x1 →  ± ∞. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Behavior predictability and consistency of mobile users' traffic usage between different years based on entropy theory
Authors: Tao Yu , Cui Hongyan , Nian Yilong , Hong Yuchen , Wang Jilong , Zhang Honggang 
Published: October 2019

SummaryPredicting mobile users' future traffic usage plays an important role for mobile operators to optimize their services. Although a variety of prediction methods have been proposed and applied to this issue, none of them could answer whether the users' traffic behaviors can be predicted. By employing the entropy theory, this paper analyzes the predictability of users' behaviors on traffic types and accounts. Moreover, the mobile network traffic data collected from a major city in China is utilized to test the entropy theory and reveal the accuracy levels. Furthermore, by comparing the prediction results between the years 2012 and 2014, a conclusion is drawn that a large portion of users' behaviors can be predicted, but their traffic usage habits become more difficult to predict in 2014 than in 2012. The results also imply that different entropies achieve more similar predictability in 2014 than in 2012, which indicates the consistency of users' behaviors. Overall, this study reveals the predictability and consistency of users' behavior, which is of great significance for mobile operators.
Creation of zebrafish knock‐in reporter lines in the nefma gene by Cas9‐mediated homologous recombination
Authors: Eschstruth Alexis , Schneider‐Maunoury Sylvie , Giudicelli François 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCRISPR/Cas9‐based strategies are widely used for genome editing in many organisms, including zebrafish. Although most applications consist in introducing double strand break (DSB)‐induced mutations, it is also possible to use CRISPR/Cas9 to enhance homology directed repair (HDR) at a chosen genomic location to create knock‐ins with optimally controlled precision. Here, we describe the use of CRISPR/Cas9‐targeted DSB followed by HDR to generate zebrafish transgenic lines where exogenous coding sequences are added in the nefma gene, in frame with the endogenous coding sequence. The resulting knock‐in embryos express the added gene (fluorescent reporter or KalTA4 transactivator) specifically in the populations of neurons that express nefma, making them convenient tools for research on these populations.
The impact of teaching clinicians about implementing exposure therapy with patients with eating disorders: A nonrandomized controlled study
Authors: Wright Charlotte , Waller Glenn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveExposure therapy is a central part of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for eating disorders, but is underused in routine clinical practice, at least partly because clinicians often hold very negative views about this technique. Although uncontrolled cohort studies suggest that teaching clinicians to use exposure improves their attitudes, there is a need for more robust empirical designs. This study uses a nonrandomized controlled design to test whether teaching on exposure improves clinicians' attitudes to its use, and whether clinician characteristics influence such change.MethodForty‐seven clinicians undertook 90 min of teaching on exposure therapy within CBT, while 42 other clinicians undertook 90 min of teaching on CBT for eating disorders. Each completed the Therapist Beliefs about Exposure Scale at the outset and end of the intervention, and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale at the outset.ResultsBoth groups showed improved attitudes to exposure therapy following the teaching, but the change was substantially larger in the Exposure teaching group (d = 0.85) than in the Comparison group (d = .30). Preteaching characteristics did not have any substantial influence on this change in attitudes to exposure.DiscussionThese findings strengthen the conclusion that a simple teaching intervention can improve clinician attitudes to the exposure therapy element of CBT (and other therapies). However, the nonrandomized design and self‐selected sample limit the interpretability of the findings. Further research is suggested to develop these findings and determine their link to clinician behavior in therapy.
Wave stress and biotic facilitation drive community composition in a marginal hard‐bottom ecosystem
Authors: Westerbom Mats , Kraufvelin Patrik , Erlandsson Johan , Korpinen Samuli , Mustonen Olli , Díaz Eliecer 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEcological patterns are inherently scale‐dependent and driven by the interplay of abiotic gradients and biotic processes. Despite the fundamental importance of such gradients, there are many gaps in our understanding of how abiotic stress gradients interplay with biotic processes and how these collectively affect species distributions. Using a hierarchical design, we sampled two communities separated by depth along wave exposure and salinity gradients to elucidate how these two gradients affect species composition in habitats formed by the foundation species Mytilus trossulus and Fucus vesiculosus. Specifically, we looked at the impacts of regional salinity and temperature, local wave exposure, and site‐dependent facilitation effects on the associated community composition. Wave exposure was the best predictor for species assembly structure, which was also affected by Mytilus biomass and by salinity and water temperature. While the tested variables provided robust explanations for community structure and density, they did not provide conclusive explanations for variation in species richness or evenness. Mytilus biomass had a stronger effect on the associated community with increasing wave exposure at the deeper depth, but the patterns were less obvious at the shallower depth. The latter was also the case for Fucus. These findings comply partly with theoretical predictions suggesting stronger facilitation effects in physically harsh environments. Our results indicate that environmental drivers are the main structuring forces that affect species assembly structure, but also foundation species are important. Thus, predicting changes in species distributions and biodiversity requires the simultaneous consideration of environmental gradients, as well as the structure and composition of foundation species and the interplay between these factors. This work advances our understanding of the processes that modulate species distributions in a marginal marine area and broadens the knowledge of how biological and environmental factors interplay and have an influence on hard‐bottom community structure in brackish water seas.
Evaluating glycaemic control in patients poorly controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs in real‐world setting: Results from assessing the Appropriate Timing of Type 2 diAbetes INtensification (ATTAIN)
Authors: Jude Edward B. , O'Leary Caroline , Myland Melissa , Nixon Mark , Gooch Nick , Shaunik Alka , Lew Elisheva 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionMany patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) fail to achieve glycaemic control despite recommended treatment strategies to reduce glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). This real‐world retrospective cohort study compared HbA1c change and treatment patterns between those intensifying and not intensifying therapy with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).Materials and methodsPatients suboptimally controlled on OADs (>58 mmol/mol [>7.5%] or >64 mmol/mol [>8.0%] for high risk, index 1) were included from IQVIA Medical Research Data. Intensifiers within 12 months of index 1 were matched (1:1) to nonintensifiers. Primary outcomes were HbA1c change and proportion of participants achieving HbA1c targets 6 and 12 months post‐index 2 (date of intensification [intensifiers] or pseudodate [nonintensifiers]). Therapy adherence was also assessed.ResultsA total of 10 832 participants (5539 intensifiers and 5293 nonintensifiers) were included. Mean HbA1c decrease from baseline to 6 months was −1.13% (intensifiers) vs −0.75% (nonintensifiers), with no substantial further change at 12 months. Cox proportional hazards (PH) analysis suggested a nearly 20% greater chance of target achievement at 6 months for intensifiers vs nonintensifiers (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.79 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73‐0.86]), which was similar at 12 months (HR: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.74‐0.86]). Intensifiers tended towards greater adherence to baseline therapy (90% [standard deviation (SD): 14.9] vs nonintensifiers 87% [SD: 16.0]), which decreased following intensification.ConclusionsSignificant reductions in HbA1c were evident at 6 months and were greater in intensifiers vs nonintensifiers. Little additional clinical benefit was seen 12 months postintensification. Despite good treatment adherence, many participants failed to achieve target HbA1c; actions beyond improved adherence are needed to improve suboptimal HbA1c.