bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using jittered sampling in designing geometry and imaging in shallow 3D seismic surveys
Authors: Li Peng , Zhang Jian‐Qing 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWhen the depth of the shallow three‐dimensional seismic exploration is less than 100 m, one often encounters very low velocities for the target and high frequencies in the data. Following Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, the permissible maximum receiver interval can be smaller in this case compared to relatively deeper seismic exploration. This suggests that there are still issues to be addressed in the design of geometry and in data processing in shallow three‐dimensional seismic exploration. This paper addresses these problems by applying the theory of compressed sensing for signal processing to shallow‐seismic geometry designing and data processing. Theoretical research shows that random sampling of data can better reconstruct the wavefield than undersampled data. Random sampled data can transform the coherent aliasing to non‐coherent noise, which turns the seismic data interpretation problem into a data denoising problem. The jittered random sampling method avoids the situation when the spatial data points of a randomly sampled dataset are too concentrated or too sparse. Our proposed approach was tested on simulated and real seismic data. The results show that if the jittered random undersampling method is used in shallow three‐dimensional seismic data acquisition, then a wider range of observation with fewer receivers in the layout is possible. This greatly improves the data collection efficiency in the field. In addition, the random sampling method has more flexibility in the field environment. When using the regular sampling method, an open survey area without large obstacles is needed. However, the random sampling method can be adapted to rugged terrains. When obstacles are encountered, the receiver spacing can be increased appropriately. In open areas, the receiver spacing can be decreased to compensate for the reduced data.
No Evidence for Association of BMI with Salivary Amylase Gene Copy Number in the UK 1958 Birth Cohort
Authors: Shwan Nzar A. A. , Armour John A. L. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveIn a 2014 publication, evidence was presented supporting the association of BMI with the copy number of the salivary amylase 1 (AMY1) gene, with an unprecedented effect size of −0.15 kg/m2 (SE 0.02) per copy of AMY1. Most well‐powered attempts to reproduce these findings have not been successful. However, because of different study designs, a significant association may still apply under restricted conditions such as in particular age groups. This study specifically tested the BMI‐AMY1 association at different age points in the same individuals using longitudinal BMI information from participants in the UK 1958 Birth Cohort study.MethodsThis study measured the AMY1 copy number by paralogue ratio tests in genomic DNA and by using array comparative genomic hybridization data. BMI data from 1958 Birth Cohort participants were available from eight different age points between 7 and 50 years.ResultsNo evidence, even at nominal significance, was found for association of the AMY1 copy number with BMI at any age point in approximately 1,400 members of the 1958 Birth Cohort or in 2,835 people from two disease cohorts from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium.ConclusionsThe results do not support an association between BMI and AMY1 copy number at any age point.
Cardioprotective Heme Oxygenase‐1‐PGC1α Signaling in Epicardial Fat Attenuates Cardiovascular Risk in Humans as in Obese Mice
Authors: Singh Shailendra P. , McClung John A. , Thompson Ellen , Glick Yosef , Greenberg Menachem , Acosta‐Baez Giancarlo , Edris Basel , Shapiro Joseph I. , Abraham Nader G. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThis study investigated whether levels of signaling pathways and inflammatory adipokines in epicardial fat regulate cardiovascular risks in humans and mice.MethodsEpicardial fat was obtained from the hearts of patients with heart failure requiring coronary artery bypass surgery, and signaling pathways were compared with visceral fat. The genetic profile of epicardial and visceral fat from humans was also compared with genetic profiles of epicardial and visceral fat in obese mice. Left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening was measured in obese mice before and after treatment with inducers of mitochondrial signaling heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1)‐peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC1α). An RNA array/heat map on 88 genes that regulate adipose tissue function was used to identify a target gene network.ResultsHuman epicardial fat gene profiling showed decreased levels of mitochondrial signaling of HO‐1‐PGC1α and increased levels of the inflammatory adipokine CCN family member 3. Similar observations were seen in epicardial and visceral fat of obese mice. Improvement in LV function was linked to the increase in mitochondrial signaling in epicardial fat of obese mice.ConclusionsThere is a link between cardiac ectopic fat deposition and cardiac function in humans that is similar to that which is described in obese mice. An increase of mitochondrial signaling pathway gene expression in epicardial fat attenuates cardiometabolic dysfunction and LV fractional shortening in obese mice.
Current practices in menstrual management in adolescents with cancer: A national survey of pediatric oncology providers
Authors: Close Allison G. , Jones Kelley A. , Landowski Allison , Switzer Galen E. , Kazmerski Traci M. , Miller Elizabeth , Friehling Erika 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents and young adult (AYA) women with cancer are at risk of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) due to thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, and/or disruption of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis. Currently, little is known about current practices to help prevent and treat HMB in AYA women with cancer.MethodsWe surveyed providers from 100 pediatric oncology centers. Face and content validity were assessed prior to distribution. Descriptive statistics, Chi‐squared and Fisher exact tests were used for analysis.ResultsNinety‐four percent of respondents have recommended preventative menstrual suppression. More than half of respondents agreed that patients with the following types of cancers should receive preventative menstrual suppression: sarcomas, acute leukemias, lymphomas, and germ cell tumors. The most preferred form of menstrual suppression was GnRH agonists. Almost 95% of respondents felt that it is important to consider menstrual suppression and that a formal guideline about initiation of menstrual suppression would be helpful. Only 46% felt comfortable personally managing menstrual suppression.ConclusionsThe vast majority of pediatric oncologists who responded to this national survey have used preventative menstrual suppression and feel that it is important to consider in many types of AYA cancers. Although pediatric oncologists are most often managing menstrual suppression, they do not feel comfortable doing so and desire guidelines to help with management. Future studies to assess which patients require menstrual suppression and which menstrual suppression is best tolerated and efficacious is needed.
Sub‐nanometer titanium‐oxo cluster‐polymer nanocomposites for elastic, transparent UV‐resistant films and nano‐coatings
Authors: Lai Yuyan , Zhang Mingxin , Yu Haitao , Wang Weiyu , Yin Panchao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCore‐shell inorganic‐organic hybrid nanocomposites, Ti‐PMMAs are constructed applying the titanium‐oxo cluster (Ti6O4(BrC[CH3]2COO)8(OiPr)8, TiO; iPr = isopropyl) as quasi‐spherical initiator for ATRP (atom‐transfer radical polymerization). Confirmed by UV‐Vis measurements and mechanical test, Ti‐PMMAs inherit the properties of both TiO cluster and polymers and show outstanding UV‐proof performance, high visible light transmittances, and excellent mechanical properties and processabilities. The elasticity and toughness of TiO‐polymer nanocomposites can be further optimized by simply tuning the polymer composites during the ATRP reactions. The admirable processability of the hybrid materials render us the capability to produce uniform nano‐coatings of Ti‐PMMAs and TiO2 with thickness approaching to a challenging length scale, 10 nm.
Experiencing and responding to chronic cancer‐related fatigue: A meta‐ethnography of qualitative research
Authors: Bootsma Tom I. , Schellekens Melanie P.J. , van Woezik Rosalie A.M. , van der Lee Marije L. , Slatman Jenny 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveOne of the most prevalent and disrupting symptoms experienced by cancer patients is chronic cancer‐related fatigue (CCRF). A better understanding of the chronic nature of CCRF can provide valuable insights for theory and practice. The purpose of this meta‐ethnography was to derive an overarching interpretative narrative on patients' experiences and responses to CCRF.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search in five databases (05‐03‐2018). In addition, papers from reference lists were retrieved. Two researchers independently screened the papers for eligibility and appraised quality (CASP‐criteria). We followed the seven phases of meta‐ethnography to extract, translate, and synthesise first‐order constructs (ie, patients' views) and second‐order constructs (ie, authors' views) from the selected studies into third‐order constructs (ie, new interpretations).ResultsOf the 1178 collected articles, 16 articles were included. Through synthesis, a new figure of six interrelated third‐order constructs was developed: (1) embodied experience entails the dominating presence of the body; (2) (mis)recognition includes lack of recognition of CCRF by patients, relatives, and health providers; (3) small horizon describes a resultant narrowed world; (4) role change encompasses adopting other life roles; (5) loss of self refers to the impact on one's identity; and (6) regaining one's footing describes the struggle against CCRF, adaptation to CCRF and finally acceptance of a “new normal with CCRF.”ConclusionA new embodiment figure of CCRF with social (eg, (mis)recognition), spatial (eg, small horizon) and temporal dimensions (eg, regaining one's footing) was developed. This figure can help professionals to recognise CCRF, inform patients, and personalise treatment.
Indicator Supraparticles for Smart Gasochromic Sensor Surfaces Reacting Ultrafast and Highly Sensitive
Authors: Wintzheimer Susanne , Oppmann Maximilian , Dold Martin , Pannek Carolin , Bauersfeld Marie‐Luise , Henfling Michael , Trupp Sabine , Schug Benedikt , Mandel Karl 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe detection of toxic gases, such as NH3 and CO, in the environment is of high interest in chemical, electronic, and automotive industry as even small amounts can display a health risk for workers. Sensors for the real‐time monitoring of these gases should be simple, robust, reversible, highly sensitive, inexpensive and show a fast response. The indicator supraparticles presented herein can fulfill all of these requirements. They consist of silica nanoparticles, which are assembled to supraparticles upon spray‐drying. Sensing molecules such as Reichardt's dye and a binuclear rhodium complex are loaded onto the microparticles to target NH3 and CO detection, respectively. The spray‐drying technique affords high flexibility in primary nanoparticle size selection and thus, easy adjustment of the porosity and specific surface area of the obtained micrometer‐sized supraparticles. This ultimately enables the fine‐tuning of the sensor sensitivity and response. For the application of the indicator supraparticles in a gas detection device, they can be immobilized on a coating. Due to their microscale size, they are large enough to poke out of thin coating layers, thus guaranteeing their gas accessibility, while being small enough to be applicable to flexible substrates.
Gas Releasing Mechanism of LLM‐105 Using Two‐Dimensional Correlation Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Xiao Qian , Sui Heliang , Yu Qian , Chen Jie , Yin Ying , Ju Xin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a sealed in‐situ reaction system and infrared spectroscopy (IR) were used to study the gas releasing mechanism of 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) at different temperatures. Three characteristic stages of LLM‐105 during the heating process to 400 °C were detected by the moving‐window two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy (MW2D). Two‐dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS) was employed to examine changes of gas concentration in the sealed system at each stage. We found that in the first stage, LLM‐105 first released H2O and NH3. In the second stage, the decomposition is intensified, the explosive molecule first undergoes the decomposition reaction of releasing H2O, and CO2, subsequently chemical reaction producing several nitrogen gases, such as NO, N2O, HCN, NO2 and NH3. In the third stage, the decomposition process mainly releases CO2 and NH3, and the concentrations of HCN and NO2 decreased gradually. 2DCOS proven to be a very sensitive method for detecting thermal decomposition mechanisms and monitoring gas changes in sealed system.
Visualization of H atoms in the X‐ray crystal structure of photoactive yellow protein: Does it contain low‐barrier hydrogen bonds?
Authors: Wang Jimin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe hydrogen bond (HB) between 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (HC4) and glutamic acid E46 of photoactive yellow protein is exceptionally strong. In the 0.82‐å resolution X‐ray structure for this protein (PDB ID: 1NWZ), the OH…O distance is only 2.57 å. The position of the H atom between these two O atoms has not been determined in that structure, and in the absence of that information, it is impossible to determine whether or not this HB is a low‐barrier HB (LBHB), as was proposed recently based on neutron structures of this protein (Yamaguchi et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009, 106: 440–444). Residual electron density maps computed using the 1NWZ data reveal that this H atom is 0.92 å from the Oε2 atom of E46 and 1.67 å from the O4′ of HC4, and that the OH…O bond angle is 167°. These observations indicate that E46 is protonated, and HC4 is deprotonated, as was originally suggested, and that the HB in question is not an LBHB.
Improvements to feature resolution in the OSTIA sea surface temperature analysis using the NEMOVAR assimilation scheme
Authors: Fiedler E. K. , Mao C. , Good S. A. , Waters J. , Martin M. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe data assimilation scheme used in the Met Office's Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Ice Analysis (OSTIA) system has been updated from an Optimal Interpolation (OI)‐type scheme to a variational assimilation scheme. The updated system includes a dual length‐scale background error correlation operator, and a flow‐dependent component to adjust the length‐scale combination in favour of the short scale in regions of high sea surface temperature (SST) variability. The variational assimilation scheme improves both the analysis performance and the representation of SST features in the OSTIA analysis compared to the OI scheme of the original system. The results of spectral analysis, assessment of horizontal SST gradients and the response of an atmospheric model to the OSTIA SST analysis as a boundary condition indicate that the flow‐dependent formulation successfully contributes to improvements in the feature resolution capability of the analysis. Overall, using a short length‐scale of 15 km and including a flow‐dependent adjustment component produces the best results compared to using either 40 km or the first Rossby radius of deformation as the short length‐scale. The new system successfully captures realistic ocean variability without introducing noise into the analysis, allowing the feature resolution capability of the new system to out‐perform that of other comparable SST analysis products.
Interaction between growing oocytes and granulosa cells in vitro
Authors: Alam Md Hasanur , Miyano Takashi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundOocyte growth is accompanied by follicular development in mammalian ovaries. Since the discovery of two oocyte‐derived factors, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), knowledge of the bidirectional communication between oocytes and granulosa cells for ovarian function and fertility has been accumulated. In addition, the growth culture system of oocytes has been improved, further promoting the studies on the communication between oocytes and granulosa cells in vitro.MethodsWe provide an overview of the role of granulosa cells in oocyte growth and the role of oocytes in follicular development along with our recent findings in culture experiments of bovine growing oocytes.Main findingsGranulosa cells supply nutrients and metabolites through gap junctions to oocytes and secrete paracrine signals to regulate oocytes. Oocytes regulate granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation and induce antrum formation via GDF9 and BMP15.ConclusionOocytes actively participate in various aspects of follicular development, including antrum formation via the oocyte‐derived factors GDF9 and BMP15, whose synthesis is probably regulated by granulosa cells. In vitro studies will reveal the precise communication loop between oocytes and granulosa cells that facilitates the coordinated development of oocytes and granulosa cells in the follicles.
Sulfide‐Compatible Conductive and Adhesive Glue‐Like Interphase Engineering for Sheet‐Type All‐Solid‐State Battery
Authors: Cho Woosuk , Park Jesik , Kim Kyungsu , Yu Ji‐Sang , Jeong Goojin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn all‐solid‐state lithium battery based on a sulfide electrolyte is one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage systems. However, the high interfacial impedance, particularly due to the internal pores in the electrode or electrolyte layers, is the major limiting factor to the development of sheet‐type all‐solid‐state batteries. In this study, a low‐resistance integrated all‐solid composite electrode is developed using a hybrid of a pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquid and a polyethylene oxide polymer with lithium salt as a multifunctional interphase material, which is engineered to be compatible with the sulfide electrolyte as well as the fabrication process of sheet‐type composite electrode. The interphase material fills the pore in the composite sheet while binding the components together, which effectively increases the interfacial contact area and strengthens the physical network between the components, thereby enabling enhanced ion transport throughout the electrode. The interphase‐engineered sheet‐type LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 /Li10GeP2S12 electrode shows a high reversible capacity of 166 mAh g−1 at 25 °C, corresponding to 92% of the observed capacity in a current liquid‐based cathode system, as well as enhanced cycle and rate performances. This study proposes a novel and practical method for the development of high‐performance sheet‐type all‐solid‐state lithium batteries.
Scaling Organic Electrochemical Transistors Down to Nanosized Channels
Authors: D'Angelo Pasquale , Marasso Simone L. , Verna Alessio , Ballesio Alberto , Parmeggiani Matteo , Sanginario Alessandro , Tarabella Giuseppe , Demarchi Danilo , Pirri Candido F. , Cocuzza Matteo , Iannotta Salvatore 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe perspective of downscaling organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) in the nanorange is approached by depositing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) on electrodes with a nanogap designed and fabricated by electromigration induced break junction (EIBJ) technique. The electrical response of the fabricated devices is obtained by acquiring transfer characteristics in order to clarify the specific main characteristics of OECTs with sub‐micrometer‐sized active channels (nanogap‐OECTs). On the basis of their electrical response to different scan times, the nanogap‐OECT shows a maximum transconductance unaffected upon changing scan times in the time window from 1 s to 100 µs, meaning that fast varying signals can be easily acquired with unchanged amplifying performance. Hence, the scaling down of the channel size to the nanometer scale leads to a geometrical paradigm that minimizes effects on device response due to the cationic diffusion into the polymeric channel. A comprehensive study of these features is carried out by an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study, complemented by a quantitative analysis made by equivalent circuits. The propagation of a redox front into the polymer bulk due to ionic diffusion also known as the “intercalation pseudocapacitance” is identified as a limiting factor for the transduction dynamics.
13.9%‐Efficiency and Eco‐Friendly Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells Obtained by Balancing Molecular Weight and Solubility in Chlorinated Thiophene‐Based Polymer Backbones
Authors: Jeon Sung Jae , Han Yong Woon , Moon Doo Kyung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo industrialize nonfullerene polymer solar cells (NFPSCs), the molecular design of the donor polymers must feature low‐cost materials and a high overall yield. Two chlorinated thiophene‐based polymers, P(F–Cl) and P(Cl–Cl), are synthesized by introducing halogen effects like fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl) to the previously reported P(Cl), which exhibits low complexity. However, the molecular weights of these polymers are insufficient owing to their low solubility, which in turn is caused by introducing rigid halogen atoms during the polymerization. Thus, they show relatively low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.8% and 10.3%, respectively. To overcome these shortcomings, two new terpolymers are designed and synthesized by introducing a small amount of 1,3‐bis(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐5,7‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione (BDD) unit into each backbone, namely, P(F–Cl)(BDD = 0.2) and P(Cl–Cl)(BDD = 0.2). As a result, both polymers remain inexpensive and show a better molecular weight–solubility balance, achieving high PCEs of 12.7% and 13.9%, respectively, in NFPSCs processed using eco‐friendly solvents.
CO Gas Induced Phase Separation in PtPb@Pt Catalyst and Formation of Ultrathin Pb Nanosheets Probed by In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhao Zhi Liang , Gu Meng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPtPb@Pt catalysts are very useful and widely applied in various industrial reactions. Here, the phase stability of such catalysts is compared in both CO gas and vacuum conditions at elevated temperatures using aberration‐corrected in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A Pt aggregation process takes place affected by CO gas, which results in direct exposure of the PtPb core to CO. A phase separation process, in which Pb atoms are stripped off the original PtPb@Pt nanoparticles, is unambiguously identified in CO gas. At initial stages, the as nucleated Pb islands are amorphous. Once the ultrathin Pb islands reach ≈3.5 nm or higher, they suddenly became crystalline. The interaction between Pb and CO gas stabilizes the ultrathin Pb nanosheets, resulting in the formation of a large quantity of Pb nanosheets and Pb‐depleted PtPb0.08 nanoparticles. In sharp contrast, when heated up in a vacuum, the PtPb@Pt catalyst remains intact. The results of this study shine light on the “toxic” effect of CO that results in failures of many Pt‐based catalysts and discloses formation mechanism of ultrathin Pb nanosheets.