bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size estimation of pre‐Columbian Caribbean fish
Authors: Grouard Sandrine , Perdikaris Sophia , Espindola Rodrigues Nidia Espindola , Quitmyer Irvy R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this contribution, we present a methodological approach to the identification of pre‐Columbian Caribbean fisheries and examine the interrelationships of exploitation according to size for eight fish families, in a diachronic perspective for the Lesser Antilles. Based on the principles of size and growth allometries, biometric repositories have been reconstructed for modern families that represent different ecological environments: Holocentridae, Serranidae, Carangidae, Lutjanidae, Haemulidae, Scaridae, Acanthuridae, and Scombridae. The measured fish bone elements were selected based on their robustness and potential for recovery at archaeological sites. This resulted in a sample size totaling 563 modern osteological specimens, which provided reconstructed standard, fork, total lengths (SL, FL, TL), and body mass (BM) of fish. The calculations were based on 21,437 measurements and 5,889 log‐linear and exponential equations. These formed the comparative baseline for the archaeoichthyofaunal bone samples. The zooarchaeological ichthyofauna studied by the authors derive from 142 assemblages and 11 major islands following the eastern and western arcs of the Lesser Antilles: Saint‐Martin, Barbuda, Antigua (including Long Island), Guadeloupe (Grande‐Terre, Basse‐Terre, Les Saintes, Islets from Cul‐de‐Sac‐Marin, la Désirade, Petite Terre, and Marie‐Galante), and Martinique. Previous zooarchaeological analyses by the same authors identified 1,050,649 specimens of which 397,803 were fish. Among them, the skeletal remains of Holocentridae, Serranidae, Carangidae, Lutjanidae, Haemulidae, Scaridae, Acanthuridae, and Scombridae bones were measured, and biometric constants were applied. During the pre‐Columbian period in the Caribbean, the length distribution curves possibly represent anthropogenic selections that follow statistical normal, Poisson, or bimodal distributions. Coral reef fish became increasingly important in subsistence, but fish sizes from all ecosystems decreased over time. From the estimates of zooarchaeological fish size and the ethnoarchaeological, historical, ethnographical, and biological sources, it was possible to infer the various strategies and equipment used by the Amerindian fishermen. It is likely that the same triad of practices (hooks/lines, nets, and traps) survived the passage of time and emerged to be among the most popular fishing techniques used by modern fishermen in the Lesser Antilles.
Entropic Kullback‐Leibler type distance measures for quantum distributions
Authors: Laguna Humberto G. , Salazar Saúl J. C. , Sagar Robin P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEntropic distance measures for quantum mechanical probability distributions, which are characterized by nodal structure and symmetry holes, are considered. We illustrate how the Kullback‐Leibler (KL) distance is not well defined in some instances and propose instead the use of the cumulative residual Kullback‐Leibler (CRKL) distance. The KL and CRKL measures are compared and contrasted for some representative quantum mechanical systems: The particle in an infinite well, the harmonic oscillator, and hydrogenic systems. We present cases where CRKL can be used to obtain distances whereas KL cannot be used, and also highlight examples where the KL and CRKL measures yield different behaviors and interpretations. An extension of the CRKL definition is obtained for application to harmonic oscillator systems defined over [−∞, ∞]. Distance measures for two‐variable (particle) distributions are also considered to address generalizations of the mutual information correlation measure. The use of CRKL in measuring distances between orbitals is also discussed.
Electrochemical Glucose Sensor based on Microporous Carbon/CuO@Carbon/AuNPs Integrated Electrode
Authors: Qian Chenchen , Han Kuangyi , Weng Weiming , Zhang Yuanjie , Ma Wei , Song Yonghai , Wang Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on CuO@Carbon nanostructures capped with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) arrayed on three‐dimensional porous carbon derived from kenaf stem (3D‐KSC) was proposed. Here, the massive 3D‐KSC with honeycomb‐like structure was used as supporting matrix to load CuO@Carbon nanostructures. A small amount of AuNPs were coated on CuO@Carbon nanostructures, which were arrayed on 3D‐KSC uniformly. The AuNPs improved the electrical conductivity and catalytic activity of CuO@Carbon nanostructures greatly. Thus, the 3D‐KSC/CuO@Carbon/AuNPs integrated electrode based nonenzymatic glucose sensor showed good performance with the linear range of 3.71 μM–8.5 mM, the detection limit of 1.22 μM and the sensitivity of 935 μA cm−2 mM−1. The satisfied performance made sure it can be used to detect glucose in real blood samples.
Microwave‐Assisted Efficient One‐Pot Multi‐Component Synthesis of Octahydroquinazolinone Derivatives Catalyzed by Cu@Ag Core‐Shell Nanoparticle
Authors: Rout Lipeeka , Kumar Aniket , Chand Pradyumna K , Achary L Satish K , Dash Priyabrat 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCore‐shell Cu@Ag nanocatalyst have been synthesized via a two‐step thermal decomposition and galvanic displacement reaction. The nanocatalyst was intensively characterized by various analytical techniques. The formation of core‐shell nanoparticle (NPs) was initially confirmed by UV‐vis analysis followed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) micrograph with Energy Dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping and line scan. This catalyst was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of octahydroquinazolinones. Compared with others, core‐shell nanoparticle of Cu@Ag shows better catalytic activity and much efficiency with high yield of product in less time. The higher activity of Cu@Ag core‐shell nanoparticles can be attributed to the increased oxidation stability of Cu nanoparticles by placing it in the core, lattice contraction and synergistic effect between the two metals. In this study, aromatic aldehydes with various functional groups were employed for the synthesis of octahydroquinazolinones. Later, the catalyst was found to be recyclable upto 5 cycles without any significant loss of activity. Our studies provide a platform for designing other potential core‐shell catalyst for the synthesis of biologically important fine chemicals.
Sensitive Detection of Coralyne and Heparin Using a Singly Labeled Fluorescent Oligonucleotide Probe
Authors: Zhu Xingxing , Chen Miangjian , Ma Changbei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHerein, we designed and developed a simple, rapid and sensitive method for detection of coralyne and heparin using a singly labeled fluorescent probe, based on photoinduced electron transfer (PIET). A specific oligonucleotide strand was labeled with fluorophore (6‐FAM) at its 5’ end and four guanines at its 3’ end. In the presence of coralyne, homo‐adenine DNA duplex is formed via A2‐coralyne‐A2 coordination, thus leading to the fluorescence quenching due to PIET between guanine and fluorophore. Upon the addition of heparin, the formation of heparin‐coralyne complex can prevent coralyne from forming A2‐coralyne‐A2 coordination, separating fluorophore from guanines; as a result, the fluorescence intensity can be recovered. The detection limits of the method with respect to coralyne and heparin were 3.1 nM and 0.04 nM (S/N=3), respectively. Moreover, the proposed method was successfully applied to detect heparin in human serum sample, further demonstrating that it can have promising practical applications.
Characteristics of highly charged ions produced at Kobe EBIS under modulated operation
Authors: Nishida Naofumi , Hori Yuuki , Yamauchi Akane , Sakurai Makoto , Sakaue Hiroyuki A. , Kato Daiji 
Published: May 2019

The electron beam ion source (Kobe EBIS) has been developed to perform modification of surfaces using highly charged ions (HCIs) at the Kobe University, Japan. Recent study revealed that periodic intermission of electron beam improves charge state distribution of extracted ions. The period of intermission is in the order of 100 ms, and the width of beam‐off time is 1 ms or less. This operational mode (pulse mode) makes it possible to produce Ar15+ to Ar17+ effectively, whereas the charge is limited less than 14+ under the ordinary operational mode with direct current (DC) electron beam. A spike of HCIs with a peak current in the order of nA is also observed at each moment of electron beam off. The measurement of the time evolution of Ar16+ intensity around the timing of mode change revealed that the intensity of extracted Ar16+ changes slowly after mode change with a time constant of few seconds.
Notable historical databases of fungal names
Authors: Petersen Ronald H. , Hawksworth David L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPresent-day electronic databases of fungal names are 21st century versions of previous compilations for the same purpose. The comprehensive indices attached to books by Persoon and Fries summarized names known at those times. Later compilations appeared piecemeal in journals or free-standing, always improving but hardly available for “rapid retrieval.” Twentieth centuryIndex of Fungirequired tedious data entry from thousands of journals over many years, but the result could later be inserted into electronically retrievable computer programs.Index Fungorumincludes data harvested fromIndex of Fungi, but perhaps its major source has been Saccardo’sSylloge Fungorum, probably the most prodigious compilation of the 19th–20thcentury. Names for lichen-forming fungi were gleaned from the catalogues of Zahlbruckner and Lamb. The role of the Commonwealth Mycological Institute, its predecessors and its successors, has been significant.
Using standard keywords in publications to facilitate updates of new fungal taxonomic names
Authors: Schoch Conrad L. , Aime M. Catherine , de Beer Wilhelm , Crous Pedro W. , Hyde Kevin D. , Penev Lyubomir , Seifert Keith A. , Stadler Marc , Zhang Ning , Miller Andrew N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe combination of manual curation and the reliance on updates from submitters to the public sequence databases is currently inefficient and impedes the comprehensive and timely release of records with new taxonomic names. This should be improved by making several steps during data release more efficient. This article focuses on one such step by proposing a standard way for publications to flag papers with novel taxonomic information. As a result, the potential for automated searches of publication aggregators are improved, as well as the accurate curation of taxonomic information.
Enhanced plasmid-mediated bioaugmentation of RDX-contaminated matrices in column studies using donor strainGordoniasp. KTR9
Authors: Jung Carina M , Carr Matthew , Blakeney G Alon , Indest Karl J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHorizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the lateral movement of genetic material between organisms. The RDX explosive-degrading bacterium Gordonia sp. KTR9 has been shown previously to transfer the pGKT2 plasmid containing the RDX degradative genes (xplAB) by HGT. Overall, fitness costs to the transconjugants to maintain pGKT2 was determined through growth and survivability assessments. Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 transconjugants demonstrated a fitness cost while other strains showed minimal cost. Biogeochemical parameters that stimulate HGT of pGKT2 were evaluated in soil slurry mating experiments and the absence of nitrogen was found to increase HGT events three orders of magnitude. Experiments evaluating RDX degradation in flow-through soil columns containing mating pairs showed 20% greater degradation than columns with only the donor KTR9 strain. Understanding the factors governing HGT will benefit bioaugmentation efforts where beneficial bacteria with transferrable traits could be used to more efficiently degrade contaminants through gene transfer to native populations.
Complex demonstratives, hidden arguments, and presupposition
Authors: Nowak Ethan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStandard semantic theories predict that non-deictic readings for complex demonstratives should be much more widely available than they in fact are. If such readings are the result of a lexical ambiguity, as Kaplan (in: Almog, Perry, Wettstein (eds) Themes from Kaplan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1977) and others suggest, we should expect them to be available wherever a definite description can be used. The same prediction follows from ‘hidden argument’ theories like the ones described by King (Complex Demonstratives: a Quantificational Account, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2001) and Elbourne (Situations and Individuals, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2005). Wolter (That’s That; the Semantics and Pragmatics of Demonstrative Noun Phrases. Ph.D. thesis, University of California at Santa Cruz, 2006), however, has shown that complex demonstratives admit non-deictic interpretations only when a precise set of structural constrains are met. In this paper, I argue that Wolter’s results, properly understood, upend the philosophical status quo. They fatally undermine the ambiguity theory and demand a fundamental rethinking of the hidden argument approach.
Daily identity practices: Belarus and potato eaters
Authors: Zadora Anna 
Published: May 2019

Food cultivation, preparation and consumption are important references for shaping national identity. Food is a crystallization of the history of a national or ethnic group, of its traditions, mentality, and religious adherence and of very pragmatic material elements reflecting the way of life of the group, for instance, climatic conditions and socio-economic levels. All elements of the history of a group are transmitted and experienced in daily rituals relating to food. Food has strong symbolic, quasi-sacred associations in many cultures: for Slavic peoples bread is a very important symbol, and in Belarus potatoes are known as “the second bread”.
The role played by banal everyday identity rituals is very important in complex political contexts, where identity building processes aimed at the transformation of a community into a nation-state with common identification denominators are not endorsed by political elite. Belarus is an extremely difficult case from the point of view of identity building: a country without a history (Zaprudnik, 1993), without a nation (Marples, 1999), without an identity (Bekus, 2010). In the Belarusian context, food - especially food which is cheap, rustic and simple to cultivate, such as potatoes - is an important identity marker.
Does the rise of STEM education mean the demise of sustainability education?
Authors: Smith Caroline , Watson Jane 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this article, we outline the key principles of education for sustainability (EfS) that enable us to question the enthusiastic and uncritical promotion of STEM (science, mathematics, engineering and technology) and its offshoot, STEM education, as key contributors to an environmentally sustainable future. We examine the framing of STEM and STEM education as situated in an unproblematised, neoliberal growthist paradigm, in contrast to the more critical ecological paradigm of EfS. We conclude that STEM, and hence STEM education, need to include critical reflection and futures perspectives if they are to align themselves with a flourishing economic, social and environmental future. We provide examples for the classroom that illustrate our contention.
Deux fondements à l'éthique: l'intuition et la critique
Authors: Kaufmann J. Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

Voici deux heureuses initiatives que nous devons à des universitaires canadiens qui n'en sont pas à leurs premiéres armes. Selon toute apparence la conception de ces anthologies ne découle pas d'une planification entre les deux auteurs. Pourtant elles se complètent remarquablement bien, et ce sur plus d'un plan.1) Leur complémentarité réside tout d'abord dans lechoix des problématiquesrespectives. Bien que les deux auteurs manifestent un même souci pour des problemès contemporains majeurs en matière d'ethique, ils ne se recoupent que quatre fois sur les neuf chapitres contenus dans chaque livre, notamment à propos des questions concernant ravortement, l'euthanasie, lapeine capitale et la sexualité, encore que les textes choisis par Wesley Cragg (W.C.) situent l'euthanasie (involontaire) plutôt dans la perspective de l'infanticide, tandis que ceux retenus par Jan Narveson (J. N.) la discutent du point de vue de l'adulte, rapprochant l'euthanasie volontaire du suicide; la sexualité est abordée par le premier à travers les débats sur la pornographie et la censure, tandis que J.N. la situe dans l'optique de l'érotisme, de l'adultère et des conditions anthropologiques. Quant aux autres problématiques, les auteurs divergent dans leurs choix.
On the set of periodic solutions of differential equations of Riccati type
Authors: Hassan H.S. 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper is to expand upon the results obtained in [4]. We consider the set H of differential equationswhere p and r are continuous real-valued functions of period ω (ω being fixed throughout). The equation (1.1) is denoted by P or (p,r), and we regard H as the set of pairs of continuous functions of period ω.On H we define a norm:
Melancholy as Despair: Pope's Eloisa to Abelard
Authors: Sena John F. 
Published: May 2019

Eloisa, the medieval nun torn between “grace and nature” in Alexander Pope's Eloisa to Abelard, has proved to be one of the poet's most fascinating and popular female creations among religious scholars as well as literary critics. Yet there appears in Pope's masterpiece another female figure who has been largely ignored and whose nature and function in the poem have never been accurately described. In the midst of Eloisa's spiritual and emotional conflict between her carnal memories of Abelard and her religious obligations as a nun, she imagines that she sees sitting in front of her the figure of “Black Melancholy,” a woman spreading spiritual gloom over the entire scene:But o'er the twilight groves, and dusky caves,Long-sounding isles, and intermingled graves,Black Melancholy sits, and round her throwsA death-like silence, and a dread repose;Her gloomy presence saddens all the scene,Shades ev'ry flow'r, and darkens ev'ry green,Deepens the murmur of the falling floods,And breathes a browner horror on the woods.
A Digest of Recent Israeli Cases
Authors: Sharon Paul 
Published: May 2019

This was an Additional Hearing granted by leave of the President of the Supreme Court for the purpose of considering the incidence, ratione personae, of the good faith requirement established under sec. 12 of the Contracts (General Part) Law, 1973. The significance of the decision lay in the question of the liability of agents and company directors who negotiate contracts to which they are not themselves party. In particular, the Court was called upon to consider whether, on the basis of sec. 12, a company director negotiating a contract solely on the company's behalf could be held personally liable in relation to that contract, or whether he could seek refuge behind the corporate veil.The respondent, David Castro (hereafter: the Purchaser), had negotiated with Yosef Pnini (hereafter: the Appellant) for the purchase of an apartment to be built by Pnidar, Development and Building Investments Company, Ltd. (hereafter: the Company). The Appellant was manager of the Company, and he and his wife were the sole stockholders. The Appellant and the Purchaser signed a standard-form preliminary agreement which the Company used for the sale of apartments in buildings that it constructed, and the Purchaser made all payments due for the purchase of the apartment. During the course of negotiations it was not revealed to the Purchaser that neither the Company nor the Appellant owned the property upon which the apartment was to be constructed.
The Influence of Aggravating or Mitigating Personal Characteristics on the Liability of the Participants
Authors: Gur-Arye Miriam 
Published: May 2019

Personal characteristics may be relevant to criminal liability in one of two cases. Firstly, in offences which can only be committed by an actor with a special status (offences of delicta propria): for example, bigamy, committed by a “married person”; perjury which only a “witness” can commit; corruption by a “public servant”. Secondly, where the personal characteristic either aggravates or mitigates the basic offence. Thus, in Israeli law, parricide —killing one's parents—defined in sec. 300(a)(1) of the Penal Law, 1977, is an aggravated form of manslaughter; while infanticide—where a mother kills her newborn baby is, according to sec. 303(a) of the Law, a mitigated form of either murder or manslaughter. Similarily, stealing by an employee, according to sec. 391 of the Penal Law, is an aggravated form of theft; and stealing by public servant, according to sec. 390, is an even more aggravated form of stealing by employee.In this paper I shall limit myself to the second set of characteristics. My aim is to examine the solution required under the law of complicity in instances where the personal characteristic, which either aggravates or mitigates the offence, obtains only in one of the participants. Will the secondary party, who either instigated or aided a son to kill his father, be held liable as an accomplice to the aggravated offence of parricide committed by the son? Will a similar conclusion be applied where the accomplice instigated infanticide? What about an employee who aided another to steal from his employer? And to what offence will the principal offender in that case be held liable?
Codification and Tax Law: On the Need for Separate Sources of Income in Respect of Employee and Self-Employed Taxpayers
Authors: Edrey Joseph M. 
Published: May 2019

In our previous article we dealt with the definition of employee for income tax purposes. We concluded that in the present state of the law in Israel the courts are obliged to depart from the accepted definition of this term as applied in labour law and the law of torts and develop an independent functional test more suitable to tax law. We stressed that this conclusion was based on the existing law in Israel, namely the provisions on the Income Tax Ordinance, which treats taxpayers who are employees as a special category.In the present article we wish to look at the problem from the broader perspective of thelex ferenda. Our remarks are addressed primarily to legislators and policy-makers, and not, as the previous article, to the courts and the tax ordinance commentators.