bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skull osteomyelitis as a rare complication of cat scratch disease
Authors: Rafee Yaseen , English B Keith 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Bartonella henselae, the causative agent of cat scratch disease (CSD), is one of the most common causes of regional lymphadenitis in children. Other less common manifestations of B. henselae infection including fever of unknown origin, neuroretinitis, and osteomyelitis are being increasingly recognized. We describe a 3-year-old female with a recent history of typical CSD involving lymph nodes who developed osteomyelitis of the skull, a very rarely recognized complication of this infection.
Testis-sparing surgery: Experience in 13 patients with oncological and functional outcomes
Authors: Keske Murat , Canda Abdullah Erdem , Atmaca Ali Fuat , Cakici Ozer Ural , Arslan Muhammed Ersagun , Kamaci Davut , Balbay Mevlana Derya 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: We present oncological and functional outcomes of patients who underwent testis-sparing surgery (TSS).
Methods: Overall, 13 patients were included. Mean patient age was 29.9±12.5 years. In five patients, TSS was performed for sequential bilateral testicular tumours. One patient underwent concurrent left radical orchiectomy and right TSS. In eight patients with normal contralateral testis, seven underwent left and one underwent right TSS.
Results: Mean pathological tumour size was 14.6±12.5 mm. Intraoperative frozen section evaluation of the mass was performed in eight patients that revealed benign lesions. No intraoperative tumour bed biopsies were taken in this patient group. Regarding the remaining five patients, intraoperative tumour bed biopsies were taken and testicular intraepithelial neoplasia (TIN) was reported in two (40%) patients; no local testicular radiotherapy was given postoperatively. Tumour pathology was malignant in all but one lesion, including Leydig cell tumour (n=1), seminoma(n=2), embryonal carcinoma (n=1), and adenomatoid tumour (n=1). During 47.2±22.5 months of followup, local recurrence was detected in one patient who underwent radical orchiectomy. No additional local recurrence or systemic metastasis was identified in other patients with malignant lesions. For patients with malignant tumours, of the three patients with a normal preoperative testosterone levels, testosterone level was normal in one patient (with no erectile dysfunction [ED]) and was decreased in two patients (with ED) following TSS. No ED was reported in the nine patients with benign lesions.
Conclusions: In carefully selected cases, TSS appears to be a safe, feasible procedure with adequate cancer control that could preserve sexual function.
Ultimate Strength of Hull Plates under Monotonic and Cyclic Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Hu-wei Cui , Ping Yang 
Published: August 2018

As the most fundamental structural components of the ship hull, the hull plates' ultimate strength not only affects their own load bearing capacity, but also contributes to the ultimate strength of the whole ship hull. Through the literature survey of the ultimate strength of hull plates, it can be found that most of the ultimate strength research studies focused on the ultimate strength behavior of hull plates under monotonic increasing loading. Considering the motion and deformation of hull girders among sea waves, the ultimate bearing capacity research of the hull structures under cyclic loading maybe more in line with reality. In this article, the local instability tests of plates under cyclic uniaxial loading carried out by Fukumoto and Kusama is reanalyzed. Based on the tests carried out by Fukumoto and Kusama, some fundamental behaviors about the ultimate strength and unloading and reloading paths of the plates under cyclic uniaxial compression are summarized. Then, a simple approach to construct the average stress-average strain relationship of the hull plates exposed to cyclic compression is proposed. Finally, tests on six square-column models are carried out to simulate the collapse behavior of the hull plates under cyclic uniaxial compression. The present study shows that the average stress-average strain relationship of hull plates under cyclic compression can be constructed by a simple approach conveniently and accurately. Meanwhile, the ultimate strength behavior of the hull plates under cyclic uniaxial compression can also be reflected well by the simple approach.

1. Introduction
Ultimate strength is a critical and fundamental consideration in the design of ship and offshore structures. An appropriate level of the ultimate strength of a ship hull is perhaps its most important guarantee of structural safety. Accurate assessment of the ultimate strength and/or residual ultimate strength of a ship is pertinent not only for the initial design, but also for the operation, maintenance, repair, and even disaster management, rescue, and salvage assessment of the ship hulls in accident situations. The first attempt to calculate the ultimate hull girder strength was developed by Caldwell (1965), who applied "Rigid Plastic Mechanism Analysis" to evaluate the ultimate strength of the hull girder. From then on, the ultimate strength of ship structures (including plates, stiffened plates, and hull girders) was widely studied by numerous scholars. Certainly, a great deal of developments have made naval architects obtain a clearer understanding of the ultimate strength behaviors of ship structures. However, because of the complexity and importance of the problems related to the ultimate strength, they still need to be explored more deeply. As described in the report of 19th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC 2015), "with these developments ultimate strength assessment is now becoming a more important issue to ensure the safety of ship structures."
Une dynamique tensive
Authors: Dumais Fabien 
Published: August 2018

Dans sa conférence de clôture présentée lors du premier colloque du CRI en 1999, Éric Méchoulan se questionnait déjà sur l’étrange usage, que font certains chercheurs en études intermédiales, des ouvrages de Gilles Deleuze : « [...] il faudrait à ce moment-là se dire que l’intermédialité ne consisterait pas tant à traquer les jeux incessants et innombrables des médiations qui nous constituent, mais plus sourdement à repérer les moments d'immédiateté qui nous emportent. » C’est la lecture de cette phrase qui a déclenché la présente réflexion; on tentera justement d’articuler théoriquement ces deux manières de penser l’intermédialité, en décrivant par le biais de la philosophie deleuzienne ce que l’on pourrait définir comme une dynamique tensive entre les médiations et ce que Méchoulan appelle les immédiatetés complexes.
Survey on Electrical Activity in Earth’s Atmosphere
Authors: Paras M. K. , Rani P. 
Published: August 2018

Lightning discharge is a spectacular, luminous and one of the most dangerous short lived phenomenon which occurs in the Earth’s atmosphere ranging from troposphere to the lower ionosphere. Lightning in troposphere is mainly classified as cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning, intra-cloud lightning and inter-cloud lightning discharges. It is assumed that these discharges are caused by the electrically charged thunderclouds. CG lightning has been studied more and is further categorized as positive CG and negative CG lightning. Positive CG lightning is more powerful and accounts only (5-10) percent of the total global lightning and may carry a peak current of >300 kA. An entire family of other electrical discharges also has been reported by the scientific community. They are called “Transient’s Luminous Events (TLE’s)”. TLEs occur from top of the thunderclouds up to the lower ionospheric altitudes. Their first visual evidence was documented in 1989. TLE’s are included as blue starters, blue jets, gigantic jets, red sprites, halos, and elves. They are named according to their optical properties, terminal altitudes and different shapes. It has been observed that TLE’s are associated with underlying thunderstorm activity and strong CG lightning.
The exact physical mechanism of lightning and TLE’s and their association with the underlying thunderstorms is still unknown and the research is going on. In this paper, we will study the possible mechanisms of these electrical discharges, their inter-connection and impacts on the atmosphere. This papers is aimed at the readers generally are unfamiliar with the lightning characteristics. We hope that this article will increase the interest among the researchers.
Synergy between roads and disturbance favourBromus tectorumL. invasion
Authors: Speziale Karina L. , di Virgilio Agustina , Lescano Maria N. , Pirk Gabriela , Franzese Jorgelina 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundGlobal change produces pervasive negative impacts on biodiversity worldwide. Land use change and biological invasions are two of the major drivers of global change that often coexist; however, the effects of their interaction on natural habitats have been little investigated. In particular, we aimed to analyse whether the invasion of an introduced grass (Bromus tectorum; cheatgrass) along roads verges and the disturbance level in the natural surrounding habitat interact to influence the degree ofB. tectoruminvasion in the latter habitats in north-western Patagonia.MethodsAlong six different roads, totalling approximately 370 km, we set two 50 m × 2 m sampling plots every 5 km (73 plots in total). One plot was placed parallel to the road (on the roadside) and the other one perpendicular to it, towards the interior of the natural surrounding habitat. In each plot, we estimated theB. tectorumplant density in 1 m2subplots placed every 5 m. In the natural habitat, we registered the vegetation type (grassy steppe, shrub-steppe, shrubland, and wet-meadow) and the disturbance level (low, intermediate, and high). Disturbance level was visually categorized according to different signs of habitat degradation by anthropogenic use.ResultsB. tectorumdensity showed an exponential decay from roadsides towards the interior of natural habitats. The degree ofB. tectoruminvasion inside natural habitats was positively related toB. tectorumdensity on roadsides only when the disturbance level was low. Shrub-steppes, grassy steppes and shrublands showed similar mean density ofB. tectorum. Wet-meadows had the lowest densities ofB. tectorum. Intermediate and highly disturbed environments presented higherB. tectorumdensity than those areas with low disturbance.DiscussionOur study highlights the importance of the interaction between road verges and disturbance levels onB. tectoruminvasion in natural habitats surrounding roads of north-western Patagonia, particularly evidencing its significance in the invasion onset. The importance of invasion in road verges depends on disturbance level, with better conserved environments being more resistant to invasion at low levels ofB. tectorumdensity along road verges, but more susceptible to road verges invasion at higher levels of disturbance. All the habitats except wet-meadows were invaded at a similar degree byB. tectorum, which reflects its adaptability to multiple habitat conditions. Overall, our work showed that synergies among global change drivers impact native environments favouring the invasion ofB. tectorum.
Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Based Artificial Synapse Yarns for Wearable Textile Device Applications
Authors: Park Youngjun , Park Myung‐Joo , Lee Jang‐Sik 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA brain‐inspired neuromorphic system is a promising computing concept that processes information at low power. Such systems can be applied to wearable devices in which low power consumption is important. Solid‐state devices that have been used for neuromorphic device applications are not suitable for wearable applications that require high flexibility. Here, two‐terminal memristor‐based artificial synapses are proposed that are simply constructed by crossing two yarns coated with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by electrochemical deposition. The artificial synapses mimic several important synaptic functions of biological synapses, including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, and a transition from short‐term plasticity to long‐term plasticity. The artificial synapses can be operated stably without degradation during mechanical bending. By implementing a 2 × 2 cross‐point array using RGO‐coated yarns, the possibility of integrating artificial synapses for wearable neuromorphic systems is demonstrated. The yarn‐based artificial synapses can be a key component of future neuromorphic wearable systems.
Integrating Ultrathin Bulk‐Heterojunction Organic Semiconductor Intermediary for High‐Performance Low‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells with Low Energy Loss
Authors: Xu Guiying , Bi Pengqing , Wang Shuhui , Xue Rongming , Zhang Jingwen , Chen Haiyang , Chen Weijie , Hao Xiaotao , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMixed tin (Sn)–lead (Pb) perovskite is considered the most promising low‐bandgap photovoltaic material for both pursuing the theoretical limiting efficiency of single‐junction solar cells and breaking the Shockley–Queisser limitation by constructing tandem solar cells. However, their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are still lagging behind those of medium‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs) due to their serious energy loss (Eloss). Here, an ultrathin bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) organic semiconductor (PBDB‐T:ITIC) layer is used as an intermediary between the hole transporting layer and Sn–Pb‐based low‐bandgap perovskite film to minimize Eloss. It is found that this BHJ PBDB‐T:ITIC intermediary simultaneously provided a cascading energy alignment in the device, facilitated high‐quality Sn–Pb perovskite film growth, and passivated the antisite defects of the perovskite surface. In this simple way, the Eloss of pero‐SCs based on (FASnI3)0.6(MAPbI3)0.4 (bandgap ≈1.25 eV) is dramatically reduced below 0.4 eV, leading to a high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.86 V. As a result, the best pero‐SC showed a significantly improved PCE of 18.03% with negligible J–V hysteresis and high stability. As far as it is known, the PCE of 18.03% and Voc of 0.86 V are the highest values among the low‐bandgap pero‐SCs to date.
Vertical Cavity Biexciton Lasing in 2D Dodecylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskites
Authors: Booker Edward P. , Price Michael B. , Budden Peter J. , Abolins Haralds , del Valle‐Inclan Redondo Yago , Eyre Lissa , Nasrallah Iyad , Phillips Richard T. , Friend Richard H. , Deschler Felix , Greenham Neil C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLayered Ruddlesden‐Popper‐type (2D) metal‐halide perovskites exhibit markedly increased exciton binding energies, exceeding 150 meV, compared to their 3D counterparts. Many‐body physics, enabled by Coulomb interactions, plays a strong role and raises the biexciton binding energy to 50 meV. Here, photoluminescence at a range of temperatures and carrier concentrations in thin films of the layered perovskite material (C12H25NH3)2PbI4 is reported. Biexcitons are directly observed up to a sample temperature of 225 K. An optical microcavity (comprising a distributed Bragg reflector and a metal mirror), with photonic resonances tuned near to the biexciton energy, is constructed. Optically‐pumped biexciton lasing up to 125 K, with a threshold peak excitation density of 5.6 × 1018 cm−3, is observed. The demonstration of biexciton lasing above liquid nitrogen temperatures is a crucial step for the application of layered perovskites in photonic applications.
Kinetics of Astaxanthin Degradation in Three Types of Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) Oil during Storage
Authors: Song Yukun , Song Liang , Yin Fawen , Zhang Jianrun , Zhang Jing , Zhou Dayong , Wang Tong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThree types of Antarctic krill oil (KO), namely, phospholipid‐type krill oil (PKO), whole krill oil (WKO), and triacylglycerol‐rich krill oil (TKO), were stored at three different temperatures (−20, 4, and 25 °C) with or without oxygen to investigate the effects of temperature and oxygen on astaxanthin (AST) degradation during storage. Additionally, the influence of fatty acid composition on AST degradation in the three types of KO was compared. The results revealed that the degradation of AST followed first‐order kinetics, and the temperature dependence of the reaction was well explained by the Arrhenius relationship. A high storage temperature led to faster AST degradation. AST degradation rates under nitrogen were lower than those under an oxygen atmosphere. The higher degradation rate of AST in PKO is ascribed to its higher level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in comparison to WKO and TKO. This is the first time the energy of activation of AST degradation was evaluated to determine how the fatty acid composition of the oil matrix and storage atmosphere affect the reaction kinetics.
Systematic assessment of triticale‐based biorefinery strategies: market competitive analysis for business model development
Authors: Téguia Cédric Diffo , Chambost Virginie , Stuart Paul R 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTriticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is a high‐productivity cereal crop that holds great promise as an industrial feedstock for agricultural biorefineries, as it can grow on marginal lands. Several product derivatives can be envisioned; however, they need to be systematically explored and assessed using a sustainability perspective, in order to define a business model that would lead to a long‐term competitive position. This study presents a competitive analysis of triticale‐based product‐process alternatives defined on ethanol, polylactic acid (PLA), and thermoplastic starch polymer blends (TPS/PLA) product platforms. As part of the analysis framework, we sought to identify a set of important market‐oriented criteria for multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM), prior to an overall sustainability assessment in which techno‐economic and environmental criteria are considered as well. From an initial set of necessary competitiveness criteria, three ‘most‐important’ competitiveness criteria for the sustainability assessment of the PLA platform were identified including competitive access to biomass, competitiveness on production costs, and the potential to manage market price volatility. Certain key factors have been highlighted for each platform as an outcome of the competitiveness assessment, such as the impact of value‐added co‐products on the competitive position of commodity‐based product portfolios, and the advantage of combining grain and straw process lines for specialty‐based product portfolios leading to improved competitive potential. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Chemical Composition and Phytotoxic Activity of Seriphidium terrae‐albae (Krasch.) Poljakov (Compositae) Essential Oil
Authors: Shao Hua , Hu Yunxia , Han Caixia , Wei Caixia , Zhou Shixing , Zhang Chenpeng , Zhang Chi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo evaluate the potential value of Seriphidium terrae‐albae (Krasch.) Poljakov essential oil as bioherbicide, its chemical composition as well as phytotoxic activity was investigated. Seventeen compounds were identified via GC/MS, representing 98.1 % of the total oil, and the most abundant constituents were α‐thujone (43.18 %), β‐thujone (16.92 %), eucalyptol (17.55 %), and camphor (13.88 %). Phytotoxic assay revealed that the essential oil as well as its major constituents exhibited inhibitory activity on root and shoot growth of receiver plants in a dose‐dependent manner. When the concentration reached 20 μg/mL, root length of Amaranthus retroflexus was reduced to 31.3 %, 70.6 %, 36.9 %, and 66.6 % of the control, respectively, when treated with α‐thujone, eucalyptol, camphor, and the mixture of these compounds; meanwhile, root length of Poa annua was 3.0 %, 24.2 %, 0 %, and 4.4 % of the control when the same chemicals were applied. On the other hand, the essential oil showed a much stronger activity. At 1.5 μL/mL, root and shoot length of A. retroflexus and P. annua were reduced to 0.65 %, 0.5 %, and 1.53 %, 1.51 % of the control, respectively, and seed germination of A. retroflexus and P. annua was completely inhibited when the oil concentration reached 3 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL, respectively. This is the first report on the chemical composition of the essential oil of S. terrae‐albae, and our results indicated that it has the potential to be further exploited as a bioherbicide.
The use of intralipid emulsion therapy to treat severe cardiotoxicity secondary to lamotrigine ingestion in a dog
Authors: Bellis Tara J. , Gibeon Laura 
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical MessageLamotrigine is a sodium and calcium channel blocker, used to treat seizures in people. Dogs metabolize Lamotrigine to a cardiotoxic metabolite that causes severe, often fatal ventricular arrhythmias. This report documents the successful treatment of refractory Lamotrigine cardiotoxicity in a dog, using intralipid emulsion therapy.
Growth of ZnO Nanorods on Graphitic Carbon Nitride gCN Sheets for the Preparation of Photocatalysts with High Visible‐Light Activity
Authors: Moussa Hatem , Chouchene Bilel , Gries Thomas , Balan Lavinia , Mozet Kevin , Medjahdi Ghouti , Schneider Raphaël 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe light photoresponse, the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and the specific surface area are of great importance for the development of semiconductor‐based photocatalysts. We report the anchorage of small‐sized ZnO nanorods with a length of ca. 38 nm at the surface of graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) sheets. The gCN loading in the ZnO/gCN composites was varied and the materials characterized by TEM, XRD, XPS, BET and UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The ZnO/gCN (10 %) composite exhibits a high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of dyes (Orange II, Resazurin and Reactive Black 5) under visible light irradiation of low intensity (2.5 mW/cm2) and for salicylic acid under simulated sunlight irradiation (5 mW/cm2). These results are supported by photoluminescence, photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The photocatalytic activity originates from synergistic effects in ZnO/gCN composites including a high specific surface area (60.4 m2/g), an enhanced visible light absorption capacity and the charge carriers separation. The ZnO/gCN photocatalyst exhibits a high stability and could be reused up to ten times with no loss of efficiency. A mechanism is proposed for the degradation of dyes using the ZnO/gCN composites.