bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contexto sócio histórico em que surgem e evoluem as políticas de proteção à pessoa idosa no Brasil: da caridade ao direito a ILPI
Authors: Fabrício Tamires Carolina Marques , Saraiva Joseana Maria , Feitosa Emanuel Saraiva Carvalho 
Published: January 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o contexto econômico, social, político e cultural em que surgem e evoluem as políticas voltadas para a pessoa idosa, sobremodo, no que concerne às Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPIs) no Brasil. Trata-se de pesquisa teórica embasada em revisão bibliográfica, valendo-se da contribuição dos diversos autores que tratam do fenômeno analisado. A perspectiva é apreender essa realidade, a partir do Brasil Colônia, destacando aspectos centrais e as contradições que determinam o fenômeno em cada época. Enfatiza-se a importância de se aprofundar a discussão das ILPIs, envolvendo a compreensão da percepção do Estado e da sociedade, acerca dessas instituições e dos aspectos que se interpõem a provisão da prestação desses serviços sociais com qualidade. Apesar do avanço na legislação que institui o direito ao(à) idoso(a) a um atendimento de qualidade nas ILPIs, os estudos afirmam que as condições básicas dessas instituições não atendem às exigências mínimas legais e, por conseguinte, as demandas dos(as) usuários/as, especialmente quando o foco é a assistência ao/à idoso/a menos favorecido(a).
PORIFERAN ABUNDANCE IS NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH CORAL HEALTH IN THE MESOAMERICAN REEF
Authors: Kroll MacKenzie L. , Rodriguez Bobby A. , Edie Andrea C. , Phelps Kendra L. , Hamilton Donna E. , Randell Stephanie M. , Lockwood Stephanie A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Mesoamerican Reef is the second largest coral reef in the world and has experienced a 50% loss of coral coverage in recent decades. Due to the high biodiversity of marine life that depend on the Mesoamerican Reef, identifying drivers of coral loss is crucial. This study was designed to assess the relationship between the presence of yellow band disease (YBD) and white plague type-II (WPII) on stony corals with environmental (water depth) and biological stressors (abundance of sponges in close proximity) in the reef surrounding the Bay Islands, Honduras. Both radial and parallel transect survey techniques were used to quantify the abundance of seven sponge species within a one-meter radius of Orbicella species and Montastraea cavernsoa. The strongest predictor of coral health was the abundance of Callyspongia plicifera, followed by Svenzea zeai, in close proximity to diseased coral. A weak, but positive, correlation between poriferan abundance and the presence of disease lesions on coral was observed. However, no significant relationship of disease prevalence with water depth was observed. Additionally, no differences in the prevalence of disease lesions between four species of native stony corals were observed. These findings suggest coral species are equally susceptible to bacterial pathogens, but that close association with poriferans may increase the transmission and persistence of harmful bacteria in coral reef ecosystems.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ВНУТРІШНЬОГО АУДИТУ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ ЯК СКЛАДОВА КОРПОРАТИВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ
Authors: Столярчук Г. В. , Хлівна І. В. 
Published: January 2019

Formulation of the problem. The article analyzes the organizational concepts of internal audit of business entities by the example of transnational corporations. Modern requirements of the corporate governance system require the single most effective approach to organizing the internal audit of transnational corporations. Therefore, the the aim of the research is to propose the only most effective approach to organizing the internal audit of business entities, for example, of transnational corporations. The object of the research is the process of organizing the internal audit of business entities. The research was conducted on the basis of the following methods: induction, comparison, expert evaluation. The hypothesis of the research is that the peculiarities of the functioning of transnational corporations and their business processes are taken into account when developing an approach to organizing internal audit. The statement of basic materials. Consequently, the results of the study suggested the stages of internal audit. Originality and practical significance of the research is that the recommended sequence of internal audit takes into account the peculiarities of the functioning of transnational corporations and the state of their business processes. It is advisable to apply the proposed areas of internal audit in the practical work of transnational corporations in developing a plan and program. Conclusions of the research. As a result of the studies, effective international experience in assessing the risks of internal audit was considered. Prospects for further research are solution the problems of improving the quality of assessing the effectiveness of systems of internal control and risk management of transnational corporations.
TYPES OF IMPLICATURE IN INFORMAL CONVERSATIONS USED BY THE ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS
Authors: Rahayu Endry Sri Rahayu Sri , . Safnil 
Published: January 2019

Implicature was refers to implied meaning in utterance that can be understood by indirectly expression. In informal conversation was occurred the hidden meaning of what actually said by the speakers. This study was investigated the types of implicature in informal conversations used by the English education study program students. The study was aimed to analyze the types of implicature and how the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations. The method of study was a descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of this study were 25 students of English study program who have informal conversation. The students’ conversation was transcribed and analyzed by using checklist instrument. The results was shown that 1) there were three types of implicature found in the informal conversations; conventional implicature, generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature, and 2) the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations by the used of generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature. Moreover, a conclusion is students in the informal conversation have potentially implicature that indicates that their utterance has implied meaning. The suggestions, the study about implicature should be conducted in different area such as movie, drama or others, to give enrichment information in the Pragmatics study.
MEASURING QUALITY OF READING MATERIALS IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK: THE USE OF LEXICAL DENSITY METHOD IN ASSESSING COMPLEXITY OF READING MATERIALS OF INDONESIA’S CURRICULUM – 13 (K13) ENGLISH TEXTBOOK Dian Sari
Authors: Sari Dian 
Published: January 2019

This research seeks to study the quality of Curriculum – 13 (K13) English textbook provided by the Government of Indonesia. This will use the senior year of high school’s textbook due to its emphasis on reading aspect. In order to assess the quality of K13 English textbook, in-depth analysis on selected reading texts will be performed by measuring their lexical density using the Castello (2008) refers to the former way as the method of calculating, which is Ure (1971) and Halliday (1985). The analysis also attempts to shed the light regarding the readability of reading texts provided in the textbook. It is important as the basis to decide whether the K13 English textbook assessed has met the aspired quality in terms of content and suitable teaching strategy to handle difficulties of the reading materials within the book. The finding revealed that higher levels of texts do not necessarily guarantee higher lexical density indexes, that is to say, the levels of texts analyzed in this study did not match the expected indexes of lexical density. This is one aspect that can be improved of the K13 English textbook.
THEMATIC PROGRESSIONS OF THE 2015 TEFLIN ARTICLE ABSTRACTS IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS
Authors: Yuned Reski Oktaviani , . Azwandi , . Arono 
Published: January 2019

Coherence is one of the characteristic of good academic writing, including abstract that represent the whole content of research article in order to be able to show what messages want to be expressed in the abstract. This study investigated the English abstract TEFLIN in applied linguistisc written by Indonesian speaker in its coherence by analyzing the theme and rheme. This study focuses on (1) identifying the theme which are dominantly used in 2015 TEFLIN article abstracts written by non-native speaker of English (2) identifying thematic progressions which are dominantly used in 2015 TEFLIN article abstracts written by non-native speaker of English (3) finding out coherences’ quality of the research article abstract section in 2105 TEFLIN article abstracts in applied linguistic based on thematic progression. This study was designed by using descriptive qualitative. The results show that the type of theme dominantly used in 2015TEFLIN article abstracts written by non-native speaker of English is topical theme, not all non-native speakers of English use textual theme, and just a few of them useinterpersonal theme. In addition, Zig Zag pattern in thematic progression is dominantlyused then followed by reitaration theme, and the last Multiple (Split) pattern, none of the abstracts use Derived TP pattern. Most of the research article abstract section in TEFLIN abstracts in applied linguistic have fair quality, just a few included to less quality, none of them was catagorized as good and poor quality. It can be concluded that English abstracts of TEFLIN in applied linguistisc written by Indonesian speakers can be catagorized as good abstract based on their coherence.
CODE – MIXING IN ENGLISH CLASSES OF SMPN 14 KOTA BENGKULU: VIEWS FROM THE TEACHERS
Authors: Ramadhaniarti Tri , Arsyad Safnil , Arono Arono 
Published: January 2019

English teachers in all levels of education in Indonesia try hard to make their students able to speak and write English. Teachers sometimes use code-mixing in their classroom instructions. This study is conducted to investigate Code – Mixing in English Classes of SMPN 14 Kota Bengkulu: Views From the Teachers. The participants were the English teachers who teach English at SMPN 14 Kota Bengkulu. The data were collected from audio-recording and interviewing to the teachers. The results indicated that teachers used inter-sentential code-mixing more frequently than intra-sentential code-mixing. It also found that all of the teachers used code-mixing in pre-activity, while activity and post-activity of teaching and learning process in their English classes. They also used code-mixing for giving instruction, translation and asking for clarification. The English-Indonesian pattern is the most frequently used by the teachers in teaching English. The teachers used code-mixing in teaching English in the English classes to make the students able to understand the purpose of teaching and learning process easily.
DEVELOPING AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT OF VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS (ESP) AT SMK N 2 OF BENGKULU
Authors: Dwisnu Erlian , Syahrial Syahriah , Dharmayana I Wayan 
Published: January 2019

This research was aimed to know the appropriate assessment, find out speaking’s authentic assessment material and find out the characteristics of authentic speaking assessment model for Mechanical Engineering of Vocational School. The type of research was Research and Development. This study was conducted in Mechanical Engineering subject at SMKN 2 Bengkulu City. The sample was taken from third class of Mechanical Engineering students. The data was collected by using questionnaire. The result of the study showed that; first, the appropriate assessment for Mechanical Engineering students Section of Vocational School in SMK N 2 of Bengkulu city was Authentic Assessment. Second, the researcher found 4 kinds of speaking’s authentic assessment for Mechanical Engineering. It can be clasified into role play, presentation, picture cued and debate. Third, the characteristics of authentic speaking assessment model for students and teachers of Mechanical Engineering at SMKN 2 of Bengkulu city were topic of assessment, social function format, type of authentic assessment, instrument of authentic assessment, types of rating scale/rubric and times
THE EFFECT OF USING MNEMONIC TECHNIQUE TOWARD STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY AT GRADE XII-SCIENCE STUDENTS OF SMAN 9 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: OKTARINI LIZA , SUWARNO BAMBANG , Dharmayana I WAYAN 
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to find out whether the use of Mnemonic technique affected the students’ vocabulary mastery. This study employed a quasi experimental design. The subject of this study comprised 64 students of grade XII science class of SMAN 9 Kota Bengkulu. The instrument of this study was a vocabulary test. The experiment class was taught by Mnemonic technique, while the control class by contextual learning. In the pre test there was no significant difference in mastery between the experiment class (mean=71,18) and control class (mean=68) with t count (0,1)< t table (df=62 sig 0,05). After the use of Mnemonic technique, in the post test, there was a significant difference in mastery between the experiment class (mean=73,51) and control class (mean=67,53), with tcount (1,99) > t table (1,67), (df=62; sig. 0,05). It can be concuded that the use of Mnemonic technique was effective toward the students’ vocabulary mastery at grade XII-Science Students of SMAN 9 Kota Bengkulu.
THE EFFECT OF CONCEPT ORIENTED READING INSTRUCTION (CORI) STRATEGY TOWARD STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Kalsum Umi , SUWARNO BAMBANG , Dharmayana I Wayan 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study is to find the effect of CORI (Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction)strategy on students’ reading comprehension. This reseach was focused on whether CORI strategy affected students’ reading comprehension. This research employed a quasi-experimental design. The subjects comprised 48 students of grade VIII of SMPN 4 Kota Bengkulu, divided into two classes, the experiment and control class. The instrument was a reading test. The result showed that CORI strategy was effective to improvestudents’ reading comprehension. In addition, the students also had positive attitudes toward the use of CORI strategy. It is recommended to conduct an experiment for another school level
A NEED ANALYSIS ON ICT-BASED ENGLISH MATERIAL FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING OF READING FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SOUTH BENGKULU
Authors: Margareta Margareta , Safnil Safnil , Koto Irwan 
Published: January 2019

This research was aimed to find out ICT media are preferred by high school students in South Bengkulu in learning reading and to describe the reading materials should be used with ICT media. The research design was mixed method quantitative and qualitative with the subjects of this research were 302 high school students and 11 English teachers in South Bengkulu. The instruments of this research were questionairre and open-ended interview. The findings of the research revealed that (1) online ICT media was prefered by high school students in South Bengkulu in learning reading and (2) kinds of text became the reading material that should be used with ICT media. To suggest, a broader field test still needed to be done to achieve a better result and other researchers who are interested in the incorporation of ICT in learning teaching are suggested to conduct further investigation which possibly deals with other language skills.
PAMERAN, PERSONAL SELLING DAN IKLAN MEDIA ONLINE DALAM MENDORONG PENJUALAN PROPERTY
Authors: Echsanullah M. , Wulandari Anna 
Published: January 2019

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pameran, personal selling dan iklan media online terhadap penjulan property pada PT. Taman FirdausPenelitian dilakukan di PT. Taman Firdaus dengan mengambil data dari tabel biaya penjualan dan promosi sebagai sampel penelitian. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier ganda.Penelitian ini menghasilkan model penelitian yang layak karena pameran, personal selling dan iklan media online mampu menjelaskan 53,9% variasi penjulan property pada PT. Taman Firdaus, dimana: 1) Pameran memiliki pengaruh dengan arah positip sebesar b1 = 176,401 terhadap penjulaan property; 2) Personal Selling memiliki pengaruh pengaruh dengan arah positip sebesar b 2 = 152,570 terhadap penjulaan property; 3) Iklan Media Online memiliki pengaruh dengan arah positip sebesar b3 = 194,449 terhadap penjulaan property pada PT. Taman Firdaus Kata kunci:Pameran, Iklan Media Online, Personal Selling, Penjualan
CERVANTES’İN “CEZAYİR ZİNDANLARI” OYUNUNDA TÜRKLER VE CEZAYİR
Authors: ŞAHİN Hüseyin Güngör 
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmada, Cervantes’in esaret konulu eserleri arasında en önemlisi
olarak kabul edilen “Los Baños de Alger (Cezayir Zindanları)”
adlı oyununda yazarın, Osmanlı idaresindeki Cezayir’e, Osmanlı toplumuna ve
Türklere bakış açısının ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Üç perdelik manzum bir komedi olan oyunda yer
alan olaylar, karakterler, esaret yaşamına dair duygu yüklü anlatılar, yazarın
Akdeniz’i ve Cezayir’i, tarihsel gerçekliklerle karşılaştırmalı
olarak irdelenecektir. Bu bağlamda oyunun İspanyolca versiyonuna ve 16. yüzyıl
İspanyol kroniklerine başvurulmuş, arşiv
çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın nihai amacı tarih-edebiyat ilişkisine vurgu
yapmak, literatüre yeni bilgiler kazandırmaktır.
Evaluación ergonómica de puestos de trabajo mediante la técnica rapid entire body assessment
Authors: Calderón Rita , Henríquez Julián , Henríquez Verónica , Mendoza Eloisa , De Moreno Maritza 
Published: January 2019

En el presente artículo hemos recopilado información acerca de los desórdenes de tipo músculo esqueléticos y
cómo afectan los mismos en la salud del trabajador. Se realiza un estudio de caso en una empresa de productos químicos y se aplica la técnica REBA para detectar desórdenes en la postura para un puesto de trabajo. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de mejorar el ambiente laboral y puesto de trabajo, al igual que la recomendación de evaluaciones médicas del trabajador, con el fin de recomendar acciones preventivas.
Clinical Utilization Pattern of Liquid Biopsies (LB) to Detect Actionable Driver Mutations, Guide Treatment Decisions and Monitor Disease Burden During Treatment of 33 Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) Patients (pts) at a Fox Chase Cancer Center GI Oncology Subspecialty Clinic
Authors: Ghatalia Pooja , Smith Chad H. , Winer Arthur , Gou Jiangtao , Kiedrowski Lesli A. , Slifker Michael , Saltzberg Patricia D. , Bubes Nicole , Anari Fern M. , Kasireddy Vineela , Varshavsky Asya , Liu Yang , Ross Eric A. , El-Deiry Wafik S. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Liquid biopsy (LB) captures dynamic genomic alterations (alts) across metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) therapy and may complement tissue biopsy (TB). We sought to describe the utility of LB and better understand mCRC biology during therapy.Methods: Thirty-three patients (pts) with mCRC underwent LB. We used permutation-based t-tests to assess associations between alts, and clinical variables and used Kendall's tau to measure correlations.Results: Of 33 pts, 15 were women; 22 had colon, and the rest rectal cancer. Pts received a median of two lines of therapy before LB. Nineteen pts had limited testing on TB (RAS/RAF/TP53/APC), 11 extended NGS, and 3 no TB. Maxpct and alts correlated with CEA (p &lt; 0.001, respectively). In 3/5 pts with serial LB, CEA correlated with maxpct trend, and CT tumor burden. In 6 pts, mutant RAS was seen in LB and not TB; 5/6 had received anti-EGFR therapy prior to LB, suggesting RAS alts developed post-therapy. In two pts RAS-mutated by TB, no RAS alts were detected on LB; these pts had low disease burden on CT at time of LB that also did not reveal APC or TP53 alts. In six patients who were KRAS wt based on TB, post anti-EGFR LB revealed subclonal KRAS mutations, likely a treatment effect. The median number of alts was higher post anti-EGFR LB (n = 12) vs. anti-EGFR naïve LB (n = 22) (9.5 vs. 5.5, p = 0.059) but not statistically significant. More alts were also noted in post anti-EGFR therapy LB vs. KRAS wt anti-EGFR-naïve LB (n = 6) (9.5 vs. 5) among patients with KRAS wild-type tumors, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.182).Conclusions: LB across mCRC therapy detects driver mutations, monitors disease burden, and identifies sub-clonal alts that reflect drug resistance, tumor evolution, and heterogeneity. Interpretation of LB results is impacted by clinical context.
Asymmetric Drift in the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) as a Function of Stellar Age
Authors: Quirk Amanda , Guhathakurta Puragra , Chemin Laurent , Dorman Claire E. , Gilbert Karoline M. , Seth Anil C. , Williams Benjamin F. , Dalcanton Julianne J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We analyze the kinematics of Andromeda’s disk as a function of stellar age by using photometry from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury survey and spectroscopy from the Spectroscopic and Photometric Landscape of Andromeda’s Stellar Halo survey. We use H i 21 cm and CO (

) data to examine the difference between the deprojected rotation velocity of the gas and that of the stars. We divide the stars into four stellar age bins, from shortest lived to longest lived: massive main-sequence stars (0.03 Gyr), more luminous intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars (0.4 Gyr), less luminous intermediate-mass AGB stars (2 Gyr), and low-mass red giant branch stars (4 Gyr). There is a clear correlation between the offset of the stellar and the gas rotation velocity, or the asymmetric drift: the longer-lived populations lag farther behind the gas than short-lived populations. We also examine possible causes of the substructure in the rotation curves (RCs) and find that the most significant cause of scatter in the RCs comes from the tilted ring model being an imperfect way to account for the multiple warps in Andromeda’s disk.
Energy Transport and Heating by Torsional Alfvén Waves Propagating from the Photosphere to the Corona in the Quiet Sun
Authors: Soler Roberto , Terradas Jaume , Oliver Ramón , Ballester José Luis 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In the solar atmosphere, Alfvén waves are believed to play an important role in the transfer of energy from the photosphere to the corona and solar wind, and in the heating of the chromosphere. We perform numerical computations to investigate the energy transport and dissipation associated with torsional Alfvén waves propagating in magnetic flux tubes that expand from the photosphere to the corona in quiet-Sun conditions. We place a broadband driver at the photosphere that injects a wave energy flux of 107 erg cm−2 s−1 and consider Ohm’s magnetic diffusion and ion–neutral collisions as dissipation mechanisms. We find that only a small fraction of the driven flux, ∼105 erg cm−2 s−1, is able to reach coronal heights, but it may be sufficient to partly compensate the total coronal energy loss. The frequency of maximal transmittance is ∼5 mHz for a photospheric field strength of 1 kG and is shifted to smaller/larger frequencies for weaker/stronger fields. Lower frequencies are reflected at the transition region, while higher frequencies are dissipated, producing enough heat to balance chromospheric radiative losses. Heating in the low and middle chromosphere is due to Ohmic dissipation, while ion–neutral friction dominates in the high chromosphere. Ohmic diffusion is enhanced by phase mixing because of the expansion of the magnetic field. This effect has the important consequence of increasing the chromospheric dissipation and, therefore, reducing the energy flux that reaches the corona. We provide empirical fits of the transmission coefficient that could be used as input for coronal models.