bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-frequency, multi-epoch radio continuum study of the Arches cluster with the Very Large Array
Authors: Cano-González M. , Schödel R. , Alberdi A. , Moldón J. , Pérez-Torres M. , Najarro F. , Gallego-Calvente A. T. 
Published: November 2024

Context. The Arches cluster, one of the most massive clusters in the Milky Way, is located about 30 pc in projection from the central massive black hole Sagittarius A* at a distance of ≈8 kpc from Earth. With its high mass, young age, and location in the Galaxy’s most extreme star forming environment, the Arches is an extraordinary laboratory for studying massive stars and clusters.
Aims. Our objective is to improve our knowledge of the properties of massive stars and the Arches cluster through high-angular-resolution radio continuum studies.
Methods. We observed the Arches cluster with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in the C- and X-bands (central frequencies of 6 and 10 GHz respectively) in two epochs at C-band and five epochs at X-band throughout 2016, 2018, and 2022, covering time spans ranging from 22 days to 6 years. We used the A-configuration to achieve the highest possible angular resolution and cross-matched the detected point-sources with stars detected in the infrared, using proper motion catalogues to ensure cluster membership.
Results. We report the most extensive radio point-source catalogue of the cluster to date, with a total of 25 radio detections (7 more than the most recent study). We also created the deepest (2.5 μJy in X-band) images of the cluster so far in the 4 to 12 GHz frequency range. Most of our stellar radio sources (12 out of 18) show a positive spectral index, indicating that the dominant emission process is free-free thermal radiation, which probably originates from stellar winds. We find that radio variability is more frequent than what was inferred from previous observations, and affects up to 60% of the sources associated with bright stellar counterparts, with two of them, F18 and F26, showing extreme flux variability. We propose four of our detections (F6, F18, F19, and F26) as primary candidates for colliding-wind binaries (CWBs) based on their consistent flat-to-negative spectral index. We classify F7, F9, F12, F14, and F55 as CWB binary candidates based on their high flux and/or spectral index variability, and X-ray counterparts. Thus, we infer a 14/23 ≈ 61% multiplicity fraction for the radio stars of the Arches cluster when combining our findings with recent infrared radial velocity studies.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels after Aortic Valve Replacement: What Do They Tell Us?
Authors: Rodriguez Cetina Biefer Hector , Dzemali Omer , Rings Laura , Mavrova-Risteska Loreta , Haeussler Achim , Ntinopoulos Vasileios , Tanadini Matteo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a standard postoperative marker for hemolysis in the presence of paravalvular leakage (PVL) after replacement of the aortic valve (AVR). LDH is elevated in certain valves by a fluttering phenomenon. Previous studies suggested a correlation between microparticles (MPs) and LDH elevation after AVR. Thus, we analyze the postoperative relevance of LDH after AVR with transapical transcatheter aortic valves (TA-TAVs) or rapid deployment valves (RDVs).
Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data from patients who received an AVR with the RDV and TA-TAV groups between 2015 and 2018. We compared PVL and LDH levels before and after surgery, transvalvular gradients, heart block that required pacemaker implantation, and 30-day mortality.
Results In total, 138 consecutive patients were selected for the study: 79 patients in the RDV group (37 Sorin Perceval valve, 42 Edwards Intuity valve) and 59 in the TA-TAV group (Edwards Sapien valve). TA-TAV group was older (median 10 years) and had a higher incidence of PVL (odds ratio 11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5–73.2, p = 0.04)). Interestingly, the TA-TAV group showed lower levels of LDH despite higher rates of PVL. Of note, the Perceval valve trended toward higher LDH values. Additionally, the RDV group showed an increased arrhythmia profile (p = 0.0041); however, the results show lower incidence in pacemaker implantation (95% CI 0.05–1.65, p = 0.635). The 30-day mortality was similar between groups.
Conclusion Our data do not support the association between hemolysis and PVL despite elevated LDH in suture-free valves. Our results suggest that LDH could be a marker of extreme heart muscle output or fluttering phenomenon and not a marker of hemolysis after sutureless AVR.
Dissociation temperature of gas hydrates through isenthalpic–isobaric molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Weidmann Arthur B. , Franco Luís F. M. , Sum Amadeu K. , Pessôa Filho Pedro A. 
Published: November 2024

Molecular simulations are a powerful tool to understand phenomena and obtain properties of gas hydrate systems. The direct coexistence method (DCM) in the NVT or NPT ensembles, the most commonly used method to determine hydrate dissociation temperatures, can be computationally expensive due to the need for several long simulations. Through an extensive set of simulations, we report here the details of the DCM within the NPH (isobaric–isenthalpic) ensemble, which require fewer and shorter trajectories. The dissociation pressure of methane hydrates is obtained for pressures of 4, 8, 15, 30, and 50 MPa. The values are in agreement with other literature simulations and experimental data. The results are further validated with the calculation of the enthalpy of dissociation, with a value of 50 kJ/mol of methane, also in agreement with the literature. The complexity of a multiphase and multicomponent system presents challenges lacking in simpler water/ice systems. These are found to be dependent on energy conservation. The optimal set of parameters to achieve it is also reported, including a smaller time step and the use of double precision, along with an analysis of some factors that could affect the convergence of the method. Although these parameters require more computational cost, the NPH ensemble is successful in providing the dissociation temperature of gas hydrates in fewer simulations than other ensembles and with productions lasting only 500 ns.
Impact-induced energy release and damage effect of reactive materials in air and argon environments
Authors: Zhou Jie , Wang Shuai , Zhao Xufeng , Li Haijie , Pi Aiguo 
Published: November 2024

To investigate the impact of energy release of reactive material on its damage effect, a modified test chamber was developed to conduct vented chamber tests and penetration tests in both air and argon environments of Al/Ti and Al/TI/W reactive projectiles. The deformation volumes obtained from the scanning results were employed to characterize the damage effect of the reactive materials on multi-spaced plate targets. Several key results include the following: Despite its lower energy density, the Al/Ti/W composite exhibits higher energy release efficiency than the Al/Ti composite. This is attributed to the lower strength of the material, causing it to fragment into finer debris upon impact, thereby facilitating easier ignition and reaction. The Al/Ti/W projectiles induce a significant deformation volume in the plates during penetration tests but exhibit a decrease in penetrative capacity. This phenomenon is attributed to the mechanical characteristics of the Al/Ti/W materials rather than the energy release upon impact. The deflagration of reactive materials during impact does not significantly enhance the structural damage of the target, at least at impact velocities below 1200 m/s.
Resistive switching behaviors and conduction mechanisms of IGZO/ZnO bilayer heterostructure memristors
Authors: Wang Xiongfeng , Guo Zhenyi , Zheng Weiying , Liu Zhiquan , Liu Tengzhang , Chen Xiaopei , Cai Peimian , Zhang Qiyan , Liao Wugang 
Published: November 2024

This study delves into the characterization of IGZO/ZnO bilayer memristors, examining the impact of ZnO thickness and voltage scan rate on device performance. Bilayer memristors with varying ZnO thicknesses were prepared using magnetron sputtering, and their electrical properties were evaluated. The results indicate that a ZnO thickness of 17.3 nm yields optimal device performance, characterized by lower Forming and RESET voltages, reduced operating voltage volatility, higher switching ratios, and excellent cycling endurance and state retention. As the ZnO thickness increases, the Forming and RESET voltages of the devices also increase, the high resistance state volatility increases, and the switching ratio improves, although this is accompanied by greater operating voltage volatility. I–V characteristic measurements conducted at different scan rates revealed that the devices are insensitive to voltage scan rates, exhibiting stable resistive behavior within the range of 0.125–1.0 V/s. Furthermore, the study explores the multi-value storage capability of the bilayer device. To understand the resistive switching mechanism, current conduction mechanism fitting and resistive switching modeling were performed. The findings demonstrate that the device’s current conduction mechanism primarily involves the space-charge-limited current mechanism and Schottky emission mechanism. This research presents a novel approach to developing high-performance memristors, paving the way for their applications in nonvolatile storage and neuromorphic computing.
EBIC studies of minority electron diffusion length in undoped p-type gallium oxide
Authors: Chernyak Leonid , Lovo Seth , Li Jian-Sian , Chiang Chao-Ching , Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen J. , Sartel Corinne , Chi Zeyu , Dumont Yves , Chikoidze Ekaterine , Schulte Alfons , Ruzin Arie , Shimanovich Ulyana 
Published: November 2024

Minority carrier diffusion length in undoped p-type gallium oxide was measured at various temperatures as a function of electron beam charge injection by electron beam-induced current technique in situ using a scanning electron microscope. The results demonstrate that charge injection into p-type β-gallium oxide leads to a significant linear increase in minority carrier diffusion length followed by its saturation. The effect was ascribed to trapping of non-equilibrium electrons (generated by a primary electron beam) on metastable native defect levels in the material, which in turn blocks recombination through these levels. While previous studies of the same material were focused on probing a non-equilibrium carrier recombination by purely optical means (cathodoluminescence), in this work, the impact of charge injection on minority carrier diffusion was investigated. The activation energy of ∼0.072 eV, obtained for the phenomenon of interest, is consistent with the involvement of Ga vacancy-related defects.
Electromechanical deformation of biological neurons: an intrinsic marker for label-free functional neuroimaging
Authors: You Hengze , Li Huakun , Ling Tong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Membrane potential is fundamental to cell physiology and signaling. Conventional electrode-based electrophysiology has advanced the biophysical understanding of membrane potential and its implications in biological perceptions, cognitive intelligence, and embryonic development, but it necessitates placing an electrode on or near the cell of interest and is inherently invasive and low-throughput. Emerging optical electrophysiology techniques, such as genetically encoded voltage and calcium indicators, allow imaging of neural activity in a large field of view with high spatial resolution. Still, these techniques rely on preloading fluorophores or conducting genetic modifications to generate exogenous optical contrast of voltage changes or functional activities. Electromechanical deformations accompanying cells’ membrane potential changes, which have been observed using modalities such as atomic force microscopy and interferometric imaging, can yield intrinsic contrast for label-free functional neuroimaging without affecting cell viability or other biological functions. This review consolidates experimental evidence of electromechanical deformations across diverse cell types, from mammalian cortical neurons to non-spiking cells, to provide an overview of this phenomenon and gain new perspectives to guide future research in label-free functional neuroimaging.
A universal resist-assisted metal transfer method for 2D semiconductor contacts
Authors: Liu 刘 Xuanye 轩冶 , Li 李 Linxuan 林璇 , Wei 尉 Chijun 驰俊 , Song 宋 Peng 鹏 , Gao 高 Hui 辉 , Wu 吴 Kang 康 , Jiazila 努 Nuertai 尔泰⋅加孜拉 , Sun 孙 Jiequn 杰群 , Guo 郭 Hui 辉 , Yang 杨 Haitao 海涛 , Zhou 周 Wu 武 , Bao 鲍 Lihong 丽宏 , Gao 高 Hong-Jun 鸿钧 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the explosive exploration of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors for device applications, ensuring effective electrical contacts has become critical for optimizing device performance. Here, we demonstrate a universal resist-assisted metal transfer method for creating nearly free-standing metal electrodes on the SiO2/Si substrate, which can be easily transferred onto 2D semiconductors to form van der Waals (vdW) contacts. In this method, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) serves both as an electron resist for electrode patterning and as a sacrificial layer. Contacted with our transferred electrodes, MoS2 exhibits tunable Schottky barrier heights and a transition from n-type dominated to ambipolar conduction with increasing metal work functions, while InSe shows pronounced ambipolarity. Additionally, using α-In2Se3 as an example, we demonstrate that our transferred electrodes enhance resistance switching in ferroelectric memristors. Finally, the universality of our method is evidenced by the successful transfer of various metals with different adhesion forces and complex patterns.
Chiral polaritons in semiconductor perovskite metasurface enhanced by bound states in the continuum
Authors: Wang 汪 Dun 顿 , Xiong Albert Y. , Zhang Julia Q. , She 佘 Zengde 增德 , Kang 康 Xiaofeng 晓峰 , Zhu 朱 Ying 莹 , Ghosh Sanjib , Xiong 熊 Qihua 启华 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The exploration of novel chiral optical platforms holds both fundamental and practical importances, which have shown great promise towards applications in valleytronics, chiral sensing and nanoscopic chiroptics. In this work, we combine two key concepts — chiral bound states in the continuum and exciton polaritons — to showcase a strong chiral response from polaritons. Using the finite element method, we numerically design a CsPbBr3 based metasurface that supports intrinsically chiral bound states in the continuum and verify the chirality by calculating the reflection spectrum and eigen-polarization mapping. We further demonstrate chirality-dependent exciton polariton angular dispersion arising from the strong coupling between the chiral BIC and excitons in CsPbBr3 by simulating the polariton angle-resolved absorption spectrum. Reciprocity analysis reveals that the polariton photoluminescence in different momentum space locations is selectively enhanced by chiral pumping light. Our results suggest a promising first step towards chiral polaritonics.
Novel intrinsic helical cores and MHD dynamo flux pumping evidence in DIII-D
Authors: Boyes W. , Turco F. , Hanson J. , Navratil G.A. , Turnbull A. , Hyatt A. , Luce T. , Meyer W. , Nelson A.O. , Odstrcil T. , Osborne T. , Scotti F. , Welander A. , Wingen A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Evidence of a MHD dynamo brought about by intrinsic helical core structures in negative triangularity (NT) and ITER baseline scenario (IBS) plasmas demonstrates paths to operating tokamaks without seeds for deleterious global MHD modes. A stationary sawtooth- and edge localized mode-free state maintains high performance for long durations in a strong NT shape in the DIII-D tokamak. Disparity between minimum safety factor values predicted by magnetic flux diffusion theory and derived from experiment suggests anomalous flux diffusion by an MHD dynamo, driven by flows associated with quasi-interchange modes. Stability calculations with the GATO code find NT and IBS experimental equilibria unstable to quasi-interchange modes, in agreement with observed saturated activity. IBS discharges with similar magnetic winding structure occupy robust helical core states following a transition from sawtooth instabilities. These states agree with prior modeling of helical core bifurcation thresholds with the VMEC equilibrium code.
Chiral perovskite based metasurface for linear and circular dichroism
Authors: Sharma Vishakha , Kalra Yogita , Sinha Ravindra Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chiral metasurfaces provide ultracompact devices for polarization modification and detection. In this paper, high linear dichroism (LD) and dual band circular dichroism (CD) using superstructural chiral structure with inbuilt resonance cavities based on metal perovskite metal layer is proposed. Under circularly polarised incident waves, the metasurface exhibits a dual-band CD with a maximum value of 0.81. On the other hand, the suggested design also accomplishes efficient LD of 0.95. Additionally, independent control over each resonance wavelength may be attained by modifying parameters inside each resonance cavities. This will significantly contribute to the advancement of tunable dichroic devices and flat polarization optical components in optical integrated systems.
Photonic-electronic spiking neuron with multi-modal and multi-wavelength excitatory and inhibitory operation for high-speed neuromorphic sensing and computing
Authors: Zhang Weikang , Hejda Matěj , Al-Taai Qusay Raghib Ali , Owen-Newns Dafydd , Romeira Bruno , Figueiredo José M L , Robertson Joshua , Wasige Edward , Hurtado Antonio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We report a multi-modal spiking neuron that allows optical and electronic input and control, and wavelength-multiplexing operation, for use in novel high-speed neuromorphic sensing and computing functionalities. The photonic-electronic neuron is built with a micro-scale, nanostructure resonant tunnelling diode (RTD) with photodetection (PD) capability. Leveraging the advantageous intrinsic properties of this RTD-PD system, namely highly nonlinear characteristics, photo-sensitivity, light-induced I–V curve shift, and the ability to deliver excitable responses under electrical and optical inputs, we successfully achieve flexible neuromorphic spike activation and inhibition regimes through photonic-electrical control. We also demonstrate the ability of this RTD-PD spiking sensing-processing neuron to operate under the simultaneous arrival of multiple wavelength-multiplexed optical signals, due to its large PD spectral window (covering the 1310 and 1550 nm telecom wavelength bands). Our results highlight the potential of RTD photonic-electronic neurons to reproduce multiple key excitatory and inhibitory spiking regimes, at high speed (10 s of ns-rate spiking responses, with faster sub-ns regimes theoretically predicted) and low energy (requiring only ∼10 mV and ∼150 µW, electrical and optical input amplitudes, respectively), similar in nature to those commonly found in the biological neurons of the visual system and the brain. This work offers a highly promising approach for the realisation of high-speed, energy-efficient photonic-electronic spiking neurons and spiking neural networks, enabling multi-modal and multi-wavelength operation for sensing and information processing tasks, whilst also yielding enhanced system capacity, performance and parallelism. This work therefore paves the way for innovative high-speed, photonic-electronic, and spike-based neuromorphic sensing and computing systems and artificial intelligence hardware.
Climate response to interhemispheric differences in radiative forcing governed by shortwave cloud feedbacks
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Bala Govindasamy , Seshadri Ashwin K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Understanding the climate response to interhemispheric differences in imposed radiative forcing is crucial for solar radiative modification (SRM) investigations. While previous studies have shown that climate sensitivity to solar insolation changes imposed in the Northern (NH) versus the Southern Hemisphere (SH) is different, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the climate response to three different radiative forcing scenarios: globally uniform radiative forcing, radiative forcing imposed only in the NH, and radiative forcing confined only to the SH. We find that the climate sensitivity is larger when forcing is imposed only in the SH. To explain the mechanisms for this, we estimate climate feedbacks using the radiative kernel approach. We find that albedo and Planck feedbacks are insensitive to hemisphere of forcing, and the larger climate sensitivity to the southern hemispheric radiative forcing is primarily due to differences in shortwave cloud feedbacks. Additionally, we examine impacts of interhemispheric differences in radiative forcing on tropical circulation, planetary albedo, and land/sea warming contrast. Our results clearly demonstrate how the intertropical convergence zone moves into the hemisphere where the radiative forcing is larger without maintaining a symmetric planetary albedo. Overall, our study provides insights into climate system responses to interhemispheric differences in radiative forcing caused by forcing agents such as aerosols from volcanic eruptions and human activities, and land cover changes, in addition to solar geoengineering.
World Order in Late Antiquity
Authors: Blachford Kevin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The East Romans of Byzantium and the Sasanian Persians competed as geopolitical rivals for over four centuries between 224 and 628 ad. Through a series of intractable conflicts, these two great empires would develop a dual hierarchy that sought to divide the known world between them. Despite competing claims to universal rule, mutual spheres of interest arose as both empires sought to create rules, norms, and standard practices of diplomatic behaviour to regulate their inter-imperial rivalry. Defined by contemporaries as the ‘Two Eyes’ of the Earth, this suzerain order aimed to hierarchically organize those considered ‘barbarians’. This period of late antiquity is rarely considered within the discipline of international relations. Through an English School approach, this work examines the diverse suzerain order of late antiquity as ‘barbarous’ nomadic tribes challenged the hierarchical ambitions of two rival empires who both claimed a unique role in the maintenance of world order.
The New Woman and Technologies of Speed in Fin-de- Siècle Literature
Authors: Chen Eva 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This book is about the New Woman’s interaction with techno-aided speed through her use of the typewriter and the bicycle. These technologies of speed are among the earliest to be associated with middle-class women, exposing them to the discipline of mechanized speed while also allowing for the construction of a new machine-savvy, sped-up, and energized female subjectivity. Used for women’s office work and daily movement, they demand from their women operators a response and an adaptation to speed right from the beginning. The ability to catch up with, imitate, adjust to, and finally master this mechanized speed is the key to the New Woman’s enlarged freedom in the modern city. By examining New Woman literature penned by George Gissing, H. G. Wells, Grant Allen, Geraldine Edith Mitton, and Mrs. Edward Kennard, and stories and comments published in popular magazines, I look at how mechanized speed works on the New Woman typist and cyclist, first as discipline and coercive control (in typewriting), then as commodity and conspicuous display (in cycling), and finally as rejuvenation and active thrill. Being fast, having speed, and adjusting to the shocks as well as the excitement of techno-aided speed is a crucial part of what makes the New Woman new, as she stakes a claim to modern speed culture as new players.