bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Recurrent Malignant Glioma after Treatment Using Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted MR Imaging: A Validation Study with Image-Guided Stereotactic Biopsy
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Eberhart Charles G. , Lim Michael , Heo Hye-Young , Zhang Yi , Blair Lindsay , Wen Zhibo , Holdhoff Matthias , Lin Doris , Huang Peng , Qin Huamin , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Weingart Jon D. , Barker Peter B. , Pomper Martin G. , Laterra John , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Blakeley Jaishri O. , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
To quantify the accuracy of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MRI for identifying active glioma after treatment via radiographically guided stereotactic tissue validation.
Experimental Design: Twenty-one patients who were referred for surgery for MRI features concerning for tumor progression versus treatment effect underwent preoperative APTw imaging. Stereotactic biopsy samples were taken from regions of interest with varying APTw signal intensities. The relationship between final clinical pathology and the histopathology of each of the 64 specimens was analyzed relative to APTw results. Analysis of confirmed recurrent tumor or treatment effect tissue was used to perform ROC analysis.

Results:
Eighteen of 21 patients had recurrent tumor, and 3 had treatment effect on clinical pathology. In 12 patients, there were multiple histopathologic assignments confirmed within the same tumor. Of the 64 total specimens, 20 specimens were active glioma, 27 mixed active and quiescent glioma, and 17 quiescent/no identifiable tumor. APTw signal intensity and histopathologic assignment, cellularity, and proliferation index had significant positive correlations (R = 0.651, 0.580, and 0.458, respectively; all P &lt; 0.001). ROC analysis with a 1.79% APTw intensity cutoff differentiated active from nonactive tumor (AUC of 0.881) with 85.1% sensitivity and 94.1% specificity. Analysis of clinical pathology showed the mean APTw intensity for each patient had 94.4% sensitivity and 100% positive predictive value for identifying recurrent glioma at this cutoff.

Conclusions:
APTw imaging hyperintensity may be a marker of active malignant glioma. It is able to distinguish between regions of heterogeneous abnormality on anatomic brain MRI with high sensitivity and specificity.
Two moth species of Lasiocampidae (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampoidea) recorded for the first time in Bhutan
Authors: Irungbam Jatishwor Singh , Irungbam Meenakshi Jatishwor 
Published: October 2018

During our survey of the moth fauna at Tsirang, Sarpang, Dagana and Gelephu districts of Bhutan we recorded nine species of Lasiocampid moths. In the present paper, we report the records of two species, Kunugia siamka Zolotuhin, 2002 and Alompra roepkei Tams, 1953 which are new to Bhutan.
Marsilius of Inghen on the Definition of consequentia
Authors: Ciola Graziana 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper offers an analysis of Marsilius of Inghen’s definition of consequentia and of his treatment of logical validity as presented in the first book of his treatise on Consequentiae. Comparing Marsilius of Inghen’s, John Buridan’s, and Albert of Saxony’s theories, the author argues that Marsilius’ account is based on a conception of consequence as a relation of entailment among propositions rather than as a type of conditional sentence and, thus, moves the discussion away from the sentential level. Therefore, Marsilius’ theory represents an original and important contribution to fourteenth-century discussions on consequences.
Spatial distribution and abundance of Hemigrapsus crenulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) (Decapoda, Varunidae) in the Puerto Cisnes estuary (44°S, Aysen region, Chile)
Authors: Vega-Aguayo Rolando , Figueroa-Muñoz Guillermo , Retamal Marco A. , De los Ríos Patricio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOur knowledge on the status ofHemigrapsus crenulatus(H. Milne Edwards, 1837) populations along the Chilean coast is scarce. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively estimate the spatial distribution and abundance ofHemigrapsus crenulatusin the Puerto Cisnes estuary (44°S, Aysen region, Chilean Patagonia). The spatial distribution appeared to be aggregated, with 3.64 ± 7.99 ind/m2as gross density, and 10.50 ± 10.62 ind/m2as a potential ecological density, i.e., if the quadrants with zero individuals are not taken into consideration. The equation of the negative binomial distribution was:where:. The average density ofHemigrapsus crenulatusunder stones is lower if all beach surfaces are considered. Its abundance or dominance on estuarine beaches probably would be due to the fact that this species is one of the crustaceans of the lower intertidal level that can survive under a wide range of salinity values.
Filling missing links in albuneid crab distributions (superfamily Hippoidea) in the Bay of Bengal, eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Rahangdale Shikha , Roul Subal Kumar 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Albuneid crabs are specialized and active sand-burrowing organisms. Despite their substantial diversity, their ability to avoid fishing gear leads to “under collection” and a discontinuous record of distribution. The present study documents the first distributional record of Albunea occulta Boyko, 2002 from the Bay of Bengal, eastern Indian Ocean. Albunea thurstoni Henderson, 1893 is also recorded for the first time from the area, i.e., from the Gulf of Mannar, southwestern Bay of Bengal. This study further reports variation in morphological characters, especially in the carapace grooves (CG) from previous records and across specimens from different regions. Morphometric characters were found useful in species discrimination, which is explained as well.
A comparison of catches of the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) in a lobster reserve using traditional pots and scuba diving technique
Authors: Øresland Vidar , Oxby Gert , Oxby Fredrik 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Lobster research and the management of lobster fisheries are often dependent on catch-and tag-data obtained from fishermen using lobster pots. Therefore, understanding lobster pot selectivity is crucial. In this study, the carapace lengths (CL) of 135 pot-caught European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) are compared to the CL of 137 dive-caught lobsters inside the Kåvra lobster reserve on the Swedish west coast during summer 2017. The Carapax pot used was strongly size-selective for both small individuals and large males, and pot CL was between 63 and 149 mm. Dive-caught lobsters had a CL between 46 and 170 mm and 25% of the males were larger than the largest pot male. We conclude, for the reasons discussed here, that interpretation of size-data in pot-based monitoring and research should be made with caution. Our results show that scuba diving, especially during the night, is essential when it comes to studies of size distribution, behaviour, and choice of microhabitat.
Comparison of the immunomodulators “β-glucan” and “sodium alginate” on the non-specific immune response of the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus (Decapoda, Palinura)
Authors: Wu Yu-Sheng , Chen Hsiang-Yin , Wu Shie-Jiun , Nan Fan-Hua 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study mainly investigated whether β-glucan or sodium alginate enhance the non-specific immune response of the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus. In experiments, lobsters were fed a diet containing one or the other of these compounds, to determine their effect on non-specific immune parameters in the short term (14 days). The lobsters were then bled to examine variance in total haemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase activity, superoxide anion (O2−) production, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, phagocytic ratio (PR), and phagocytic index (PI). The effects of treatment with various doses of β-glucan and sodium alginate were determined. The results showed that treatment with 1-2 g of β-glucan or 2-4 g of sodium alginate significantly increased THC, O2− production, SOD activity, and PR. In conclusion, the immunomodulators β-glucan and sodium alginate can increase the non-specific immune response in spiny lobsters.
The Northeast Winter Monsoon over the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia: Evolution, Interannual Variability, and Model Simulations
Authors: Sengupta Agniv , Nigam Sumant 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe northeast monsoon (NEM) brings the bulk of annual rainfall to southeastern peninsular India, Sri Lanka, and the neighboring Southeast Asian countries. This October–December monsoon is referred to as the winter monsoon in this region. In contrast, the southwest summer monsoon brings bountiful rainfall to the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The winter monsoon region is objectively demarcated from analysis of the timing of peak monthly rainfall. Because of the region’s complex terrain, in situ precipitation datasets are assessed using high-spatiotemporal-resolution Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall estimates, prior to their use in monsoon evolution, variability, and trend analyses. The Global Precipitation Climatology Center’s in situ analysis showed the least bias from TRMM.El Niño–Southern Oscillation’s (ENSO) impact on NEM rainfall is shown to be significant, leading to stronger NEM rainfall over southeastern peninsular India and Sri Lanka but diminished rainfall over Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The impact varies subseasonally, being weak in October and strong in November. The positive anomalies over peninsular India are generated by anomalous anticyclonic flow centered over the Bay of Bengal, which is forced by an El Niño–related reduction in deep convection over the Maritime Continent.The historical twentieth-century climate simulations informing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fifth Assessment (IPCC-AR5) show varied deficiencies in the NEM rainfall distribution and a markedly weaker (and often unrealistic) ENSO–NEM rainfall relationship.
Fixed Echo Rejection in Sodar Using Noncoherent Matched Filter Detection and Gaussian Mixture Model–Based Postprocessing
Authors: Kendrick Paul , von Hünerbein Sabine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDoppler sodar is a technology used for acoustic-based remote sensing of the lower planetary boundary layer. Sodars are often used to measure wind profiles; however, they suffer from problems caused by noise (both acoustic and electrical) and echoes from fixed objects, which can bias radial velocity estimates. An experimental bistatic sodar was developed with 64 independent channels. The device enables flexible beamforming; beams can be tilted at the same angle irrelevant of frequency, a limitation in most commercial devices. This paper presents an alternative sodar signal-processing algorithm for wind profiling using a multifrequency stepped-chirp pulse. A noncoherent matched filter was used to analyze returned signals. The noncoherent matched filter combines radial velocity estimates from multiple frequencies into a single optimization. To identify and separate sources of backscatter, noise, and fixed echoes, a stochastic pattern-recognition technique, Gaussian mixture modeling, was used to postprocess the noncoherent matched filter data. This method allowed the identification and separation of different stochastic processes. After identification, noise and fixed echo components were removed and a clean wind profile was produced. This technique was compared with traditional spectrum-based radial velocity estimation methods, and an improvement in the rejection of fixed echo components was demonstrated; this is one of the major limitations of sodar performance when located in complex terrain and urban environments.
Relationship between the Track and Structural Evolution of Hurricane Sandy (2012) Using a Regional Ensemble
Authors: Kowaleski Alex M. , Evans Jenni L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
An ensemble of 72 Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations is evaluated to examine the relationship between the track of Hurricane Sandy (2012) and its structural evolution. Initial and boundary conditions are obtained from ECMWF and GEFS ensemble forecasts initialized at 0000 UTC 25 October. The 5-day WRF simulations are initialized at 0000 UTC 27 October, 48 h into the global model forecasts. Tracks and cyclone phase space (CPS) paths from the 72 simulations are partitioned into 6 clusters using regression mixture models; results from the 4 most populous track clusters are examined. The four analyzed clusters vary in mean landfall location from southern New Jersey to Maine. Extratropical transition timing is the clearest difference among clusters; more eastward clusters show later Sandy–midlatitude trough interaction, warm seclusion formation, and extratropical transition completion. However, the intercluster variability is much smaller when examined relative to the landfall time of each simulation. In each cluster, a short-lived warm seclusion forms and contracts through landfall while lower-tropospheric potential vorticity concentrates at small radii. Despite the large-scale similarity among the clusters, relevant intercluster differences in landfall-relative extratropical transition are observed. In the easternmost cluster the Sandy–trough interaction is least intense and the warm seclusion decays the most by landfall. In the second most eastward cluster Sandy retains the most intact warm seclusion at landfall because of a slightly later (relative to landfall) and weaker trough interaction compared to the two most westward clusters. Nevertheless, the remarkably similar large-scale evolution of Sandy among the four clusters indicates the high predictability of Sandy’s warm seclusion extratropical transition before landfall.
The Influence of Vertical Advection Discretization in the WRF-ARW Model on Capping Inversion Representation in Warm-Season, Thunderstorm-Supporting Environments
Authors: Nevius David S. , Evans Clark 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) Model is unable, in its default configuration, to adequately resolve the capping inversions that are commonly found in the warm-season, thunderstorm-supporting environments of the central United States. Since capping inversions typically form in environments of synoptic-scale subsidence, this study tests the hypothesis that this degradation results, in part, from implicit numerical damping of shorter-wavelength features associated with the model-default third-order-accurate vertical advection finite-differencing scheme. To aid in testing this hypothesis, two short-range, deterministic, convection-allowing model forecasts, one using the default third-order-accurate vertical advection finite-differencing scheme and another using a fourth-order-accurate differencing scheme (which lacks implicit damping but is numerically dispersive), are conducted for 25 days during the 2017 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment. Model-derived vertical profiles at lead times of 11 and 23 h are validated against available rawinsonde observations released in regions located in the Storm Prediction Center’s 0600 UTC day 1 convection outlook’s “general thunderstorm” forecast area. The fourth-order-accurate vertical advection finite-differencing scheme is shown to not result in statistically significant improvements to model-forecast capping inversions or, more generally, the vertical thermodynamic profile in the lower troposphere. Instead, the fourth-order-accurate differencing scheme primarily impacts the representation of longer-wavelength features already reasonably well resolved by the model. The analysis does, however, provide quantitative evidence over a large sample that, on average, the WRF-ARW model forecasts capping inversions that are too weak, with negative buoyancy spread out over too deep of a vertical layer, compared to observations.
Neck vein obstruction: Diagnosis and the role of chronic persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection
Authors: Thibault Paul K 
Published: October 2018

Background The objective of this review is to describe the diagnosis of neck vein obstruction and the possible role of chronic persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in producing the syndrome of chronic cerebrospinal venous obstruction. Method The normal patterns of flow in the neck veins are described and guidelines for interpretation of the quantitative duplex ultrasound examination of the extracranial neck veins are developed. Result An infective cause of neck vein obstruction is proposed and from a literature search of the role of the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydophila pneumoniae in vascular and chronic diseases, a diagnostic protocol for confirming chronic persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection, which includes the quantitative duplex ultrasound examination and specific blood tests are suggested. Conclusion Further research to validate this diagnostic protocol is required.
What does it take to deliver brilliant home-based palliative care? Using positive organisational scholarship and video reflexive ethnography to explore the complexities of palliative care at home
Authors: Collier Aileen , Hodgins Michael , Crawford Gregory , Every Alice , Womsley Kerrie , Jeffs Catherine , Houthuysen Pat , Kang Srey , Thomas Elizabeth , Weller Valerie , Van Cindy , Farrow Caroline , Dadich Ann 
Published: October 2018

Background: Despite the increasing number of people requiring palliative care at home, there is limited evidence on how home-based palliative care is best practised. Aim: The aim of this participatory qualitative study is to determine the characteristics that contribute to brilliant home-based palliative care. Design: This study was inspired by the brilliance project – an initiative to explore how positive organisational scholarship in healthcare can be used to study brilliant health service management from the viewpoint of patients, families, and clinicians. The methodology of positive organisational scholarship in healthcare was combined with video-reflexive ethnography. Setting/participants: Home-based specialist palliative care services across two Australian states participated in the study. Clinicians were able to take part in the study at different levels. Pending their preference, this could involve video-recording of palliative care, facilitating and/or participating in reflexive sessions to analyse and critique the recordings, identifying the characteristics that contribute to brilliant home-based palliative care, and/or sharing the findings with others. Results: Brilliance in home-based palliative care is contingent on context and is conceptualised as a variety of actions, people, and processes. Care is more likely to be framed as brilliant when it is epitomised: anticipatory aptitude and action; a weave of commitment; flexible adaptability; and/or team capacity-building. Conclusion: This study is important because it verifies the characteristics of brilliant home-based palliative care. Furthermore, these characteristics can be adapted for use within other services.
The conceptual models and mechanisms of action that underpin advance care planning for cancer patients: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Lin Cheng-Pei , Evans Catherine J , Koffman Jonathan , Armes Jo , Murtagh Fliss E M , Harding Richard 
Published: October 2018

Background: No systematic review has focused on conceptual models underpinning advance care planning for patients with advanced cancer, and the mechanisms of action in relation to the intended outcomes. Aim: To appraise conceptual models and develop a logic model of advance care planning for advanced cancer patients, examining the components, processes, theoretical underpinning, mechanisms of action and linkage with intended outcomes. Design: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials was conducted, and was prospectively registered on PROSPERO. Narrative synthesis was used for data analysis. Data sources: The data sources were MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PROSPERO, CareSearch, and OpenGrey with reference chaining and hand-searching from inception to 31 March 2017, including all randomised controlled trials with advance care planning for cancer patients in the last 12 months of life. Cochrane quality assessment tool was used for quality appraisal. Results: Nine randomised controlled trials were included, with only four articulated conceptual models. Mechanisms through which advance care planning improved outcomes comprised (1) increasing patients’ knowledge of end-of-life care, (2) strengthening patients’ autonomous motivation, (3) building patients’ competence to undertake end-of-life discussions and (4) enhancing shared decision-making in a trustful relationship. Samples were largely highly educated Caucasian. Conclusion: The use of conceptual models underpinning the development of advance care planning is uncommon. When used, they identify the individual behavioural change. Strengthening patients’ motivation and competence in participating advance care planning discussions are key mechanisms of change. Understanding cultural feasibility of the logic model for different educational levels and ethnicities in non-Western countries should be a research priority.
Role of emergency physician–performed ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain
Authors: Kozaci Nalan , Avci Mustafa , Tulubas Gul , Ararat Ertan , Karakoyun Omer Faruk , Karaman Cagri , Erol Bekir 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:This prospective study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of bedside point‐of‐care abdominal ultrasonography performed by emergency physician in patients with non‐traumatic acute abdominal pain.Methods:The patients, who were admitted to emergency department due to abdominal pain, were included in this study. The emergency physician obtained a routine history, physical examination, blood draws, and ordered diagnostic imaging. After the initial clinical examinations, all the patients underwent ultrasonography for abdominal pathologies by emergency physician and radiologist, respectively. Point‐of‐care abdominal ultrasonography compared with abdominal ultrasonography performed by radiologist as the gold standard.Results:The study included 122 patients. Gallbladder and appendix pathologies were the most commonly detected in the abdominal ultrasonography. Compared with abdominal ultrasonography, point‐of‐care abdominal ultrasonography was found to have 89% sensitivity and 94% specificity in gallbladder pathologies; 91% sensitivity and 91% specificity in acute appendicitis; 79% sensitivity and 97% specificity in abdominal free fluid; 83% sensitivity and 96% specificity in ovarian pathologies. Compared to final diagnosis, preliminary diagnoses of emergency physicians were correct in 92 (75.4%) patients.Conclusion:This study showed that emergency physicians were successful in identifying abdominal organ pathologies with point‐of‐care abdominal ultrasonography after training.