bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In- vivo diuretic and antiulcer activity in fruits of <em>Buchanania lanzan</em>
Authors: Tyagi Chandra Kishore , Tripathi Atul , Singh Gyanendra , Chandekar Amol , Sahu Sunil 
Published: April 2018

<p><strong>Ethnopharmacological relevance:</strong> The fruits of <em>Buchanania lanzan</em> are used traditionally in the treatment of skin afflictions, sores, ulcers, inflammation and as diuretic (1,21,35,42). The aim of the study was to investigate the antiulcer and diuretic activity of the crude ethanolic and pet. ether extract from the fruits of <em>Buchanania lanzan</em>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods:</strong> The antiulcer activity of the crude extracts was evaluated in ethanol and pylorus ligation induced model for gastric lesions in Wister albino rats (2,8,12,19). Parameters such as gastric volume, pH and acidity were determined in the pylorus ligation model. Furthermore the diuretic activity was evaluated in comparison of Standard drug i.e. Furosemide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The acute toxicity studies revealed that LD50&gt; 2000mg/kg for the extract.<strong> </strong>The extract caused a significant (p&lt;0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer in the ethanol and pylorus ligation induced ulcer models at the dose of 250mg/kg, respectively. And the diuretic activity of extract also found significant (p&lt;0.01) dose dependent increase in urine volume. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts have showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the excretion of electrolytes when compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our data provide a rational base for the folkloric use of <em>Buchanania lanzan</em> in the treatment of ulcers and as diuretic.</p>
Comparative phytochemical and antioxidant profile of crude seed powder, aqueous and methanolic seed extracts of Buchholzia coriacea
Authors: Ugwu Godwin C , Eyo Joseph Effiong , Egbuji Jude Ifeanyi , Ezechukwu Chiemekam , Ibemenuga Keziah Nwamaka 
Published: April 2018

<p>The increasing discovery of more medicinal plants have triggered increased scientific screening of their bioactivity in order to provide data that will help physicians and patients make wise decision before using them. This study was designed to elucidate comparative phytochemical and antioxidant properties of crude seed powder, aqueous and methanolic seed extracts of <em>Buchholzia coriacea.</em> The results showed that crude seed powder had the highest alkaloid and phenol content of 3.98 ± 0.00% and 0.92 ± 0.00%, while aqueous extract had the least alkaloid and phenol content of 1.00 ± 0.00% and 0.12 ± 0.00% respectively. Methanolic extracts had the highest phytochemical components among the three extracts with flavonoids (12.03 ± 0.0), saponins (1.99 ± 0.01), terpenoids (2.00 ± 0.00), tannin (0.10 ± 0.00) and phytate (2.02 ± 0.01) compositions, while aqueous extracts had the highest hydrogen cyanide (0.30 ± 0.00) and glycoside (0.35 ± 0.00). Antioxidant (DPPH) activities of <em>B. coriacea</em> showed that aqueous extract and crude seed powder had inhibition concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 4.65 mg/ml while methanolic extract had IC<sub>50</sub> of 5.85 mg/ml. The result of the LD<sub>50</sub> of the extracts showed the each extracts was well tolerated at a dose of 5000 mg/kg, an indication of high safety profile. The study therefore clearly demonstrated that methanolic extracts of <em>B. coriacea</em> have antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolmic and anticarcinogenic properties owing to the presence of high levels of phytochemical components than the aqueous and crude seed powder. </p>
The effect of troxerutin on alterations of lipid profile and biochemical enzymes in blood of rats with chronic diabetes
Authors: Badazadeh Reza , Ghorbanzadeh Vajiheh , Chodari Leila 
Published: April 2018

<p><strong>Background &amp; Aims</strong>: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a progressive disease that leads to complex disorders such as biochemical changes in the blood. The use of medicinal plants are superior to synthetic drugs because of the few side-effects in disease prevention. In this study, we examined the effect of troxerutin on lipid profile and biochemical enzymes in the blood of type 1 diabetic rats.</p><p><strong>Materials &amp; Methods<em>: </em></strong>32 male Wistar rats (200-250) were randomly divided into four groups: control, diabetes, control+ troxerutin, diabetes+ troxerutin. Type 1 diabetes was induced by i.p injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) in animals in diabetic groups. Lasted for 4 weeks, oral administration of troxerutin (150 mg/kg) was carried daily for 4 weeks. At the end of study, anesthesia was induced intraperitoneally with sodium pentobarbital (mg / kg 60). Blood samples was collected for measuring lipid profile and biochemical enzymes in blood of rats.</p><p><strong>Results:<em> </em></strong>Diabete significantly increased LDL, COL, TG and significantly decreased HDL compared to the control group. Treatment diabetic rats with troxerutin for 4 weeks significantly decreased LDL, COL, TG and significantly increased HDL.furthermore, Diabetes significantly increased ALT, AST, LDH, and CPK in blood of rats. Treatment diabetic rats with troxerutin for 4 weeks significantly decreased ALT, AST, LDH, and CPK in blood of rats compared to the control group.<strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>:<em> </em></strong>Troxerutin improve the lipid profile and reduce biochemical enzymes in blood of diabetic rats.In this way could be useful in reducing the complications of diabetes.</p><p><strong>KeyWords:</strong> Diabetes; Troxerutin; biochemical enzymes; lipid profile; rat</p>
Nanoparticle preparation and characterization of Haruan fish (<em>Channa striata</em>) exctract contains albumin from south Kalimantan with ionic gelation method
Authors: D Rahmawanty , A Risa , N Malikhatun , HR Prima , K Nani , A Effionora 
Published: April 2018

<p>Snakehead fish (<em>Channa striata</em>) has been reported to be used for wound healing by people in South Borneo because it contains albumin. Snakehead fish extract (<em>Channa striata</em>) has hydrophillic property and poor stability. Nanoparticle technology has been started to be developed as an alternative solution to improve drug delivery profile. The purpose of this study was to determine the formulation that obtained best characterization for nanoparticle. Nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method, that was prepared by doing optimize ratio between snakehead fish extract : chitosan and pH of chitosan solvent.Nanoparticles were characterized using Particle Size Analyzer for particle size and particle size distribution, measurement of entrapment efficiency, determined Zeta potential using Particle Size Analyzer, and observation of particle’s morphology using Transmission Electron Microscope. The result showed that the chosen formula was formula 6 which ratio of extract : chitosan 1:2 with chitosan solvent pH 3, particle size 152.3 nm, polidispersity index 0.778, percentage of entrapment efficiency 51.3961 %, Zeta potential +35.9 mV, and round shape of particles.</p>
Biosynthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial activity of Silver nanoparticles of Excoecaria agallocha L. fruit extract
Authors: Nagababu Peddinti , Rao Vanga Umamaheswara 
Published: April 2018

<p>In this present study, <em>Excoecaria agallocha </em>fruit aqueous extract was used to synthesize Silver Nano Particles (Ag NPs/SNPs) which has proven as eco-friendly, nontoxic, less time consuming and energy saving. The synthesized SNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR and SEM studies. The SNPs were checked for the antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The characterization studies clearly revealed the formation and synthesis of SNPs which also showed the inhibitory activity on the tested bacteria. SNPs of <em>Excoecaria agallocha </em>fruit showed higher zone of inhibition against <em>Micrococcus luteus</em>, <em>Arthrobacter protophormiae</em>, <em>Rhodococcus rhodochrous</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Alcaligens faecalis</em>, <em>Enterobacter aerogenes</em>, <em>Proteus mirabilis</em> and <em>Salmonella enterica </em>when compared to that of standard antibiotic, Streptomycin.</p>
In vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies and tissue distribution studies of multifunctional citric acid dendrimers using the drug Cytarabine
Authors: Reddy K Ravindra , Rao B Narasimha , Sekhar KB Chandra 
Published: April 2018

<p>Dendrimers are considered the emerging polymeric architectures, known for their well defined molecular-weight, polydispersity, uniformity and high-surface functionality. These nano-architectures are capable of encapsulating low-high molecular-weight drug moieties in their interior or exterior through covalent bonding and host-guest interactions. Further, large surface volume made researchers to implicate dendrimers in biomedical and therapeutic applications. Regardless of the massive applications, sometimes its use is limited because of the cytotoxicity produced. Considering this, the present research is focused on the synthesis and PEGylation of citric acid dendrimers. PEGylation is an act of conjugating polyethylene glycol to dendrimers that completely eliminates the toxicity issues associated with dendrimers and render them biocompatible. Cytarabine was loaded in the dendritic architecture to target specifically the tumor cells. Dendrimers are made tumor specific by incorporating certain agents that get cleaved in tumor environment. Synthesized dendrimers were studied for its effect on acute cytotoxicity, tissue-distributions and pharmacokinetic parameters.</p>
Investigations on noval method for the formulation of solid dispersions part- I Formulation, characterization and selection
Authors: Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Middha Anil Kumar 
Published: April 2018

<p>The solid dispersions of indomethacin with hydrophilic polymers were prepared by lyophilization. The polymers used in the investigation were HPMC, PVP K30, CBR and PLF 127. The solubility and dissolution of indomethacin from prepared lyophilized solid dispersions were investigated in 0.1 N HCl, purified water and USP-NF dissolution media. Out of fifteen lyophilized formulations from F1 to F15, five formulations F2, F5, F8, F12 and F14 showed highest solubility in purified water. Formulation F2, F8 failed to comply with the USP-NF dissolution test for indomethacin capsules. Formulation F14 showed maximum dissolution in the respective dissolution media within 60 min. Sustained drug release was observed for 6 h with formulations F2 and F8 in USP-NF media. The formulations F2, F5, F8, F12 and F14 were characterized by modulated DSC and FT-IR spectroscopy. Some Formulations on stability testing were found physico-chemically stable at accelerated temperature conditions.</p>
Preparation of cyclodextrin nanoparticles and evaluation of its effect on the capacitation of bovine spermatozoa used in the in vitro fertilization
Authors: Salem Heba F , Raslan Mai , Suliman Hanaa , Essam Tamer , Abd-Allah Saber 
Published: April 2018

<p>This study was conducted to produce nanosized cyclodextrin (NCD) and assess its effect on bovine spermatozoa during In vitro fertilization (IVF) to optimize the capacitation media for successful IVF. Therefore, Four cyclodextrin formulations were prepared and characterized. Data analysis revealed the best formula (F2) showed a smallest particle size (15 nm), zeta potential (-37 mv), and higher yield percentages (95%) was selected for spem capacitation. Motile spermatozoa were separated from frozen-thawed semen by a swim-up procedure and capacitated in IVF-TALP medium with different formulae of NCD or CD or without treatments (control) and incubated for 3hours(hr) at 38°C and evaluated every one (hr) interval. Data analysis revealed that the formulation of cyclodextrin nanoparticles (F2<strong>)</strong> after (2hr) incubation in the media gave best effect on sperm capacitation and acrosme reaction (AR) and effect of sperm treated with NCD on fertilization rate was evaluated. The results showed that the proportion of Oocytes fertilized was increased significantly in F2 (60%) than in the control (35%), and cyclodextrin group (50%) groups (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). It could be inferred from this investigation that cyclodextrin nanoparticles can be used for biomedical interventions in bovine spermatozoa. NCD improve sperm motility, viability, and (AR), also fertilization rate of sperm treated with NCD increase. So NCD gave positive effect on sperm functions during IVF. </p>
Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Tablets of Nateglinide by Using natural polymers
Authors: Chowdary Pavani , Sravani T , Basheeruddin MD 
Published: April 2018

<p>The purpose of this research work was to formulate and evaluate the sustained release tablets of <em>Nateglinide</em> 500mg, an antidiabetic drug. <em>Nateglinide </em>is an oral hypoglycemic agent. The tablets are prepared by direct compression method. The formulations were optimized by incorporating varying composition of Xanthan gum and guar gum as polymers, lactose as flow aid and magnesium stearate as lubricant. All the excipients are tested for compatibility with drug, which revealed that there was no physical and chemical interaction occurred. The Preformulation parameters such as bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio were analyzed. The friability, drug content, loss on drying, bulk density and percentage yield was evaluated for tablets. The effect of these variables on drug release also studied. The In-Vitro drug release studied were Performed in the USP dissolution apparatus-II using pH 0.1N HCl as dissolution media at 75 rpm speed and temperature of 37<sup>o</sup>c ± 5<sup>o</sup>c. The sampling was done at periodic time intervals of 1,4,8,12,16,20 and 24 hours and was replaced by equal volume of dissolution media after each withdrawal. The cumulative amount of drug release at different intervals is estimated using UV method. Based on the evaluation result the formulations F-7 was selected as best formulation. The tablets were found to follow first order kinetics and Higguchi mechanism of drug release, ‘n’ value is less than 0.5 which confirms that the drug release through the matrix was fickian diffusion. </p>
Improving patient reported outcomes in total hip replacement and total knee replacement: What can we learn from the “best” and the “poorest” performing sites?
Authors: Wainwright Thomas W , Gallagher Kieran , Polllalis Athanasios , Immins Tikki , Middleton Robert G 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Oxford Hip Scores (OHS) and Oxford Knee Scores (OKS) are being collected as part of the Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) evaluation programme on total hip and knee replacement. This study compares the PROMs outcomes from best and poorest performing English hospitals, as defined by NHS England’s data of elective hip and knee surgery. This was to quantify the difference and identify the scope for improvement.Materials and Methods: OHS and OKS were obtained from the Health and Social Care Information Centre for April 2013 to March 2014.Results: Seven sites for OHS and 10 sites for OKS were above the upper 95% control limit. Fourteen sites for OHS and 10 sites for OKS were below the lower 95% control limit. Median pre-operative scores were similar between best and poorest performers. Median post-operative scores were 4 points higher in best performers. Top OHS-performers scored better in limping, stairs, work, transport, dressing and shopping. Top OKS-performers scored better in walking, shopping and kneeling.Discussion: Pre-operative scores were similar for the best and poorest performers. The differences between best and poorest performing hospitals for OHS and OKS were below the minimum important difference. There was only moderate consistency for outliers. Results for any single year should be treated with caution.Conclusions: PROMs, one of many key tools in measuring and increasing person-centered healthcare, can be useful as part of an evaluation of practice but do not always reveal the full picture. It is important that balanced measures of quality should be used when benchmarking hospitals.
Who’s in charge? Results from a qualitative study of caregiver perspectives on the care transition process
Authors: Shirley Benjamin , Erskine Nathaniel , McManus David D , Kiefe Catarina I , Anatchkova Milena , Santry Heena P 
Published: April 2018

Background: Care transitions are a topic of increasing interest as researchers and clinicians focus their effects on patient outcomes. Engaging caregivers, who play important roles in care transitions, may yield valuable insight into how care transition processes can be improved. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews, focusing on caregivers’ experiences with and perceptions of care transitions, with 11 eligible caregivers whose loved ones had recently experienced an unplanned admission to a single academic medical center. Our research team analyzed the transcripts to identify key themes.Results: Caregivers detailed multiple factors affecting care transitions, including both in-hospital and external elements. Identifying the medical provider in charge of care emerged as a common difficulty. Other areas of interest included receiving discharge information, length of stay, health insurance status, the presence of social support, access to transportation and educational level, among others. Caregivers’ views on the quality of various in-hospital aspects of their own care transition experiences varied.Conclusions: Caregivers re-affirmed the complexity of the care transition process by identifying myriad factors that influence their quality. Taking steps to address these factors may help hospitals to empower and engage caregivers, as well as to improve care transitions overall and better manage the health of their patients.
Retour du protectionnisme et avenir des négociations commerciales internationales
Authors: Arès Mathieu , Paquin Stéphane 
Published: April 2018

Le retour du protectionnisme sur la scène internationale provoque son lot d’inquiétudes. Même si l’administration de Donald Trump s’est déjà retirée du Partenariat transpacifique et qu’elle a imposé la renégociation d’accords commerciaux comme l’Aléna, la tendance vers une multiplication des négociations commerciales est toujours palpable. À titre d’exemple, les onze pays restants du ptp viennent de conclure le Partenariat transpacifique progressiste et global (ptpgp). La question qui reste en suspens est : combien de temps les États-Unis accepteront-ils de rester sur la touche ?
A CULTURA E A CIDADANIA NA EDUCAÇÃO: CONCEITOS OU DINÂMICAS RELACIONAIS?
Authors: SCHLICHTING HOMERO ALVES 
Published: April 2018

Resumo
Escolhidos os temas da cultura e da cidadania, neste artigo apoiado na Biologia-cultural, proposta por Humberto Maturana e Ximena Dávila (MATURANA; DÁVILA, 2009), busco alargar o espaço do nosso saber tradicional sobre a formação humana e os modos de pensar que adotamos – epistemologias. Mostrar um pouco das implicações em torno das nossas escolhas a respeito dos modos de pensar que adotamos e com os quais produzimos: os mundos, os conhecimentos, o ensinar/aprender, o educar, e, em última instância, nós mesmos. Enfocar o debate sobre as dinâmicas intelectuais na produção do conhecimento para os saberes docentes. Mostrar que, em um sentido restrito, à medida que os conceitos tomam força no espaço do conhecimento que tornamos válido, a nossa vontade de raciocinar acontece em conversações coerentes com a utilização mais correta dos conceitos, e nisso e com isso, anda no rumo de perder a coerência com o viver. Evidenciar que o sentido que eventualmente pode aparecer através de conceitos, surge primariamente das coerências do viver de pessoas, e não de coerências entre os possíveis sentidos teóricos que poderíamos estabelecer através dos próprios conceitos por si mesmos, ou entre si. Entender cultura e cidadania como abstrações em torno dos processos vividos em cada ser vivo humano, não como abstrações apoiadas em elementos que não participam de processos do humano vivo. Alem disso, procurar evocar a atenção sobre a responsabilidade ética que se revela ao vermos nós mesmos, professores e pesquisadores convivendo com educandos, crianças e jovens, como seres vivos relacionais, humanos que vivemos no conversar, na dinâmica do biológico-cultural.
WESTERFELD, Scott. Feios. Tradução de Rodrigo Chia. Rio de Janeiro: Galera Record, 2010.
Authors: Couto Edvaldo Souza , Goellner Silvana Vilodre 
Published: April 2018

Resenha do livro:
WESTERFELD, Scott. Feios. Tradução de Rodrigo Chia. Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo, Galera Record, 2010.
Jogo e educação
Authors: Leal Luiz Antonio Batista 
Published: April 2018

Resumo
Esta resenha se ocupou da obra do autor Gilles Brougère, intitulada “Jogo e educação”. No livro, o autor trata das relações entre jogo e educação, procedendo a uma profunda análise sócio-antropológica para chegar às suas conclusões acerca do lugar do jogo no universo infantil e na natureza humana. O autor aborda o jogo do ponto de vista da filosofia, da sociologia e da antropologia. Segundo Brougère o jogo é um fenômeno social, produz cultura e é produzido por ela, o que torna possível a aprendizagem do lúdico. Isto é, a pessoa que participa da cultura, aprende a jogar.
O Papel das Instituições Brasileiras de Leitura na Formação de Leitores
Authors: Barreto Ângela Maria 
Published: April 2018

A proposta é discutir e refletir sobre o papel exercido pelas Instituições de Leitura na formação de uma sociedade leitora. A ênfase da discussão recai na sociedade brasileira. Serão considerados na discussão alguns pressupostos culturais, que se constituíram nos fundamentos da nação brasileira e que, ao mesmo tempo, incidem sobre a não consolidação de uma sociedade
leitora e sobre o efetivo desempenho das Instituições designadas para o papel de formadoras de leitor. Deste modo, pretende-se transitar por duas vertentes, a das Instituições e a dos aspectos histórico- sociais da formação do povo brasileiro,
articulando-as. <br>
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<B>Palavras-chave</B>: sociedade leitora; formação da leitura no Brasil; instituições de leitura. <br>
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<B>Abstract</B>: The proposal of this article is to discuss and reflect about the performed role by the Reading Institutions in the formation of a readers society. The emphasis of the discussion occurs on the Brazilian society. There will be considered in the discussion some cultural presuppositions that were constituted in the foundation of the Brazilian nation and that, at the same time, go over the non consolidation of a readers society and over the effective performance of the Institutions designated for the role of producing readers. Two approaches are used, the one of the Institutions and the one of the historical-social aspects of the Brazilian people formation, articulating them. <br>
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<B>Key words</B>: readers society; reading formation in Brazil; reading institutions.
A carta como elemento de formação de professores
Authors: Lima Maria do Socorro Lucena 
Published: April 2018

Relato de uma experiência de diálogo com professores e alunos através de cartas e análise do conteúdo das cartas desses, na disciplina didática, num curso de formação de professores em nível de licenciatura,através de convênio da Rede Municipal com a Universidade Estadual do Ceará. <br>
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<B>Palavras-chave</B>: diálogo, carta, didática, formação, professor. <br>
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<B>Abstract</B>: This article describes a teacher´s experience using the method of content analysis of students´ letters, during a Didactics class of an in-jobmiolo training program for public school teachers, at Ceará State University. <br>
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<B>Key words</B>: dialogue, letter, didactics, teachers training.