bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who and how to screen for endogenous hypercortisolism in patients with mood disorders
Authors: Ferrante Emanuele , Simeoli Chiara , Mantovani Giovanna , Pivonello Rosario 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA strict association exists between mood disorders and endogenous hypercortisolism, namely Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Indeed, CS is characterized by a wide range of mood disorders, such as major depression, generalized anxiety, panic disorders, bipolar disorders up to psychosis, with major depression being the most frequent, with a prevalence of 50–80%, and potentially representing the clinical onset of disease. Despite this observation, the exact prevalence of hypercortisolism in patients with mood disorders is unknown and who/how to screen for endogenous hypercortisolism among patients with mood disorders is still unclear. In this context, an accurate anamnestic and clinical examination are crucial in order to identify those patients who may benefit from CS screening. In particular, the presence of specific signs and symptoms of CS, comorbidities typically associated with CS, and lack of improvement of depressive symptoms with standard treatments can further guide the decision to screen for CS. Anyhow, it is noteworthy that mood disorders represent a cause of functional activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a condition formerly known as non-neoplastic hypercortisolism (NNH). The differential diagnosis between CS and NNH is challenging. Beyond anamnestic and clinical features, various tests, including measurement of daily urinary cortisol and late-night salivary cortisol, together with low dose-dexamethasone suppression test, are used for initial screening. However, considering their low accuracy, a definitive diagnosis may require a longitudinal follow-up along with second-line dynamic tests like combined dexamethasone-CRH test and desmopressin test. In conclusion, available data suggest the need for a comprehensive assessment and follow-up of individuals with mood disorders to detect possible underlying CS, considering the pitfalls in diagnosis and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions like NNH. Specialized centers with expertise in CS diagnosis and differential testing are recommended for accurate evaluation and management of these patients.
Adversarial imitation learning with deep attention network for swarm systems
Authors: Wu Yapei , Wang Tao , Liu Tong , Zheng Zhicheng , Xu Demin , Peng Xingguang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Swarm systems consist of a large number of interacting individuals, which exhibit complex behavior despite having simple interaction rules. However, crafting individual motion policies that can manifest desired collective behaviors poses a significant challenge due to the intricate relationship between individual policies and swarm dynamics. This paper addresses this issue by proposing an imitation learning method, which derives individual policies from collective behavior data. The approach leverages an adversarial imitation learning framework, with a deep attention network serving as the individual policy network. Our method successfully imitates three distinct collective behaviors. Utilizing the ease of analysis provided by the deep attention network, we have verified that the individual policies underlying a certain collective behavior are not unique. Additionally, we have analyzed the different individual policies discovered. Lastly, we validate the applicability of the proposed method in designing policies for swarm robots through practical implementation on swarm robots.
A Call for Resistance: Listening to and Acting on the Analyses of Martin Thrupp
Authors: Ritchie Jenny 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper responds to the call to recognise the contributions of the late Martin Thrupp to the arena of education in Aotearoa (New Zealand). It draws on some of his analysis pertaining to middle-class capture of class privilege, and how this hinders socially just educational provision. Thrupp’s ideas are then considered in relation to the early childhood care and education sector with regard to issues of privatisation, curriculum and assessment.
The craft of rock climbing: exploring the implications of relational ontologies for learning to rock climb
Authors: Hubbard Peter , Wood Colin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper explores how relational ontologies challenge the conception of skill development in rock climbing. Using especially the concepts of Tim Ingold and Phil Mullins, the paper suggests that pro-environmental behaviours, and relationships to place, can be fostered by direct involvement in skills development. This ontology is at odds with dualistic approaches that see climbing and pro-environmental behaviours as tensioned concepts. It is also contrary to historic practice theories that see climbing development as deriving from mastering oneself and conquering the climb. The paper proposes that climbing can be better understood as a craft and that each climb can be seen as co-created by the correspondence between the climber and the rock. This approach challenges the anthropocentric concept of the climb as a challenge to be overcome by skill and human endeavour, and instead suggests that a perspective of climbing as a craft better recognises the shared agency of the assemblage of rock and climber. Consequently, the paper suggests that completed rock climbs can be seen as co-evolved expressions of knowledge and action, and thus that climbing skills and pro-environmental behaviours derive from a creative process of engagement with the solid reality of the rock.
Inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil against Botryosphaeria dothidea and Fomitiporia mediterranea fungi causing wood diseases in viticulture
Authors: Ammad Faiza , Bentoumi Yacine , Gharnaout Mohammed Lotfi , Zebib Bachar , Merah Othmane 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDieback diseases are caused by Fomitiporia and Botryosphaeria two genus of fungi that colonize wood tissue in grapevine. After the prohibition of sodium arsenite in 2001, no chemical treatments are available to control these diseases. Curettage is a possible substitute solution. The results depend on many factors. The use of essential oils can be an alternative and/or complementary way. This study aims to investigate the essential oil (EO) composition of Eucalyptus globulus (E. globulus) from leaves and flowers and to evaluate its antifungal activity against Botryosphaeria dothidae and Fomitiporia mediterranea fungi. GC–MS results show that 97.79% of oil composition was identified, of which the Eucalyptol is the major compound (76.33%). Other compounds were identified such as α-Pinene (9.81%); Allo-Aromadendrene (3.07%) and Limonene (2.55%). EO had a detrimental effect in vito on both developed Botryosphaeria dothidae and Fomitiporia mediterranea fungi. The effect is dose-dependent and increases with the duration of the treatment. Essential oil concentrations of 0.25% and 0.75% of E. globulus were efficient against Botryosphaeria dothidae and Fomitiporia mediterranea, respectively. This is the first report investigate the purpose of E. globulus EO to control this both phytopathogenic fungi. The results from the antifungal assays reveal that EO of E. globulus has an excellent inhibitory effect against both tested fungi.
Multiple-species biofilms as structuralized microbial communities for modulating microbiota homeostasis in human
Authors: Ren Anmin , Zhou Yachun , Xu Zhenbo , Jia Tianyuan , Yang Liang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe human body is colonized by a diverse community of microorganisms that are crucial for human health, while microbiota homeostasis is modulated by both environmental and host-derived cues. Specific microbial species form surface-attached microcolonies surrounded by their self-generated extracellular polymeric substances called biofilms. These complex assemblies may protect commensal bacteria, serving as a barrier against pathogenic microorganisms as well as hostile conditions, thus creating structuralized microbial communities for complex microbial interactions. However, biofilms formed by pathogenic bacteria will lead to invasion and perturbance of microbiota homeostasis, potentially leading to dysbiosis and diseases. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the multiple-species biofilms on microbiota homeostasis within the human body. We describe the nature of biofilms in various anatomical regions, emphasizing their protective role against pathogenic invasions and their potential roles in causing disease under certain conditions. We also explore the microbial interactions between biofilms and microbial communities, emphasizing the significant potential of biofilms to alter the structure and composition of microbial assemblages. Finally, we suggest the directions for future biofilm research to enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases related to microbial dysbiosis and human health.
Integrative DNA methylome and transcriptome analysis illuminate leaf phenotype alterations in tetraploid citrus
Authors: Gao Hu , Xiao Gong-Ao , Bao Yi , Xia Qiang-Ming , Xie Kai-Dong , Wu Xiao-Meng , Guo Wen-Wu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhole-genome duplication (WGD) in plants triggers profound morphological and physiological changes, with DNA modification being a key epigenetic factor that helps neo-polyploids overcome challenges and gain adaptive advantages. Tetraploids were previously mined from diploid citrus seedlings, showing enhanced environmental adaptability and potential as rootstocks. These tetraploids exhibited increased leaf and cell wall thickness compared to their diploid counterparts. To explore the impact of WGD, transcriptomic and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) were conducted on two pairs of citrus tetraploids and their diploid controls, revealing significant molecular changes. Notably, tetraploid citrus displayed lower CG methylation levels in gene and transposable element (TE) bodies relative to diploids. Differentially methylated genes (DMGs) between tetraploids and diploids were primarily associated with immune stress, organ development, metabolic pathways, and secondary metabolism. In Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) and Ziyang Xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka), only 150 and 58 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, respectively, with enrichment in critical cellular processes such as cell wall synthesis, plastid development, and pathways modulating chloroplasts and plasma membranes. A total of 70 genes showed both differential methylation and expression, including ACN1, Nac036, and ASMT1, which are involved in stomatal development, leaf morphology, and melatonin synthesis, respectively, offering insight into the regulatory mechanisms of phenotype alterations after polyploidization. These findings reveal the epigenetic modifications in polyploid citrus and highlight the role of polyploidization-induced methylation in driving phenotypic changes.
Empathy through Listening
Authors: HAYAKAWA SEISUKE , MIYAHARA KATSUNORI 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We often seek empathy from others by asking them to listen to our stories. But what exactly is the role of listening in empathy? One might think that it is merely a means for the empathizer to gather rich information about the empathized. We shall rather argue that listening is an embodied action, one that plays a significant role in empathic perspective-taking. We make our case via a descriptive analysis of a paradigm case of empathy mediated by listening or what we can call empathy through listening. On our view, empathy through listening involves three distinctive features: (1) dynamic unfolding, (2) collaboration, and (3) mutual perspective reshaping. Listening contributes to this process by initiating and sustaining a feedback loop of receptivity that occurs between empathizing and empathized agents.
The first derivative test and the classification of stationary points
Authors: Di Biagio Lorenzo 
Published: November 2024

Given a real differentiable function f we say that a point x0 is a stationary point of f if f′ (x0) = 0.In any standard single-variable calculus class, students learn how to determine the nature of a stationary point by checking the sign of f(x) in intervals to the left and to the right of the stationary point. In doing so, they are performing the first derivative test.
Opposite Variations for Pore Pressure on and off the Fault During Simulated Earthquakes in the Laboratory
Authors: Liu Dong , Brantut Nicolas , Aben Franciscus M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe measured the spatiotemporal evolution of pore pressure on‐ and off‐fault during failure and slip in initially intact Westerly granite under triaxial conditions. The pore pressure perturbations in the fault zone and the surrounding bulk presented opposite signs upon shear failure, resulting in large pore pressure gradients over small distances (up to 10 MPa/cm). The on‐fault pore pressure dropped due to localized fault dilation associated with fracture coalescence and fault slip, and the off‐fault pore pressure increased due to bulk compaction resulting from the closure of dilatant microcracks mostly parallel to the maximum compression axis. We show that a reduction in bulk porosity and relatively undrained conditions during failure are necessary for the presence of the off‐fault pore pressure elevation. Considering this phenomenon as a consequence of a main shock, we further show that off‐fault pore pressure increase has the potential to trigger neighboring fault instabilities. In nature, we expect the phenomenon of off‐fault pore pressure increase to be most relevant for misoriented faults, where the pre‐rupture stresses can be large enough to reach the dilatancy threshold in the wall rocks.
Ambient Noise Tomography of Northern Borneo Reveals Evidence of Subduction and Post‐Subduction Processes
Authors: Fone J. , Rawlinson N. , Pilia S. , Gilligan A. , Cornwell D. G. , Tongkul F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe region of northern Borneo in South East Asia sits within a post‐subduction setting formed by the recent termination of two sequential but opposed subduction systems. In this study we use seismic data from a recent temporary array deployment to image the crustal velocity structure beneath northern Borneo using a two‐stage Bayesian trans‐dimensional tomography scheme, in which period dependent phase velocity maps are first generated, and then used to build a 3‐D shear wave model through a series of 1‐D inversions. In the second stage, we also apply an Artificial Neural Network to solve the 1D inverse problem, which results in a smoother 3‐D model compared to the TransD approach without sacrificing data fit. Our shear wave velocity model reveals a complex crustal structure. Under the Crocker Range, a heterogeneous velocity structure likely represents remnants of early Miocene subduction, including underthrust continental crust from subsequent continent‐continent collision. In the east we observe high velocities that are interpreted to be igneous rocks in the crust generated by melting due to mid Miocene Celebes Sea subduction and later decompression melting as well as a low velocity zone that could represent underthrust sediment or duplexes from Celebes Sea subduction. A low velocity zone in the lower crust is present in a region of apparent crustal thinning. Our preferred explanation for this anomaly is remnant thermal upwelling within a failed rift that represents the on‐shore continuation of the extension of the Sulu Sea, most likely caused by rollback of the Celebes Sea slab.
Observations of Elevated Mixing and Periodic Structures Within Diurnal Warm Layers
Authors: Zeiden Kristin , Thomson Jim , Shcherbina Andrey , D'Asaro Eric 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSurface drifters (SWIFTs) equipped with down‐looking high‐resolution acoustic doppler current profilers (ADCPs) were used to estimate the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate within highly stratified diurnal warm layers (DWLs) in the Southern California Bight. Over a 10‐day period, five instances of DWLs were observed with strong surface temperature anomalies up to 3°C and velocity anomalies up to 0.3 m . Profiles of in the upper 5 m suggest turbulence is strongly modulated by the DWL stratification. Burst‐averaged (8.5 min) is stronger than predicted by law‐of‐the‐wall boundary layer scaling within the DWLs and suppressed below. Predictions for within the DWLs are improved by a shear‐production scaling using observed shear and linearly decaying turbulent stress. However, is still under‐predicted. Examination of the un‐averaged acoustic backscatter data suggests elevated is related to the presence of turbulent structures in the DWLs which span the layer height and strongly modulate TKE. Evolution in the bulk Richardson number each day suggests the DWLs become unstable to layer‐scale overturning and entrainment each afternoon, thus the turbulent structures may result from shear‐driven instability. This interpretation is supported by a conditional average of the data during a burst characterized by strongly periodic structures. The structures resemble high‐frequency internal waves with strong asymmetry in the along‐flow direction (steepening) which suggests they are unstable. Coincident asymmetric patterns in upwelling/downwelling and corresponding regions of strong vertical convergence/divergence suggest that both vertical transport and local TKE generation are plausible sources of elevated in the DWLs.
Spermine oxidase promotes Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastric carcinogenesis through acrolein production
Authors: McNamara Kara M. , Sierra Johanna C. , Latour Yvonne L. , Hawkins Caroline V. , Asim Mohammad , Williams Kamery J. , Barry Daniel P. , Allaman Margaret M. , Zagol-Ikapitte Irene , Luis Paula B. , Schneider Claus , Delgado Alberto G. , Piazuelo M. Blanca , Tyree Regina N. , Carson Kate S. , Choksi Yash A. , Coburn Lori A. , Gobert Alain P. , Wilson Keith T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of gastric cancer, and there is a need to discover new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in H. pylori disease progression. We have previously shown that spermine oxidase (SMOX), the enzyme that catabolizes the back-conversion of the polyamine spermine to spermidine, is upregulated during infection and is associated with increased cancer risk in humans. We sought to determine the direct role of SMOX in gastric carcinogenesis during H. pylori infection. In this study, we demonstrate that transgenic FVB/N insulin-gastrin (INS-GAS) mice that develop gastric carcinoma with H. pylori infection were protected from cancer development with Smox deletion. RNA sequencing revealed that genes associated with the immune system and cancer were downregulated in the infected Smox

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mice. Furthermore, there was a decrease in cell proliferation and DNA damage in infected Smox

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animals. There was significant generation of adducts of the highly reactive electrophile acrolein, a byproduct of SMOX activity, in gastric tissues from H. pylori-infected humans and wild-type, but not Smox

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mice. Genetic deletion of Smox in murine organoids or chemical inhibition of SMOX in human gastric epithelial cells significantly reduced generation of acrolein induced by H. pylori. Additionally, acrolein-induced DNA damage in gastric epithelial cells was ablated with the electrophile scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA). Gastric acrolein adduct levels were attenuated in infected INS-GAS mice treated with 2-HOBA, which exhibit reduced gastric carcinoma. These findings implicate SMOX and acrolein in H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis, thus indicating their potential as therapeutic targets.
Base-editing corrects metabolic abnormalities in a humanized mouse model for glycogen storage disease type-Ia
Authors: Arnaoutova Irina , Aratyn-Schaus Yvonne , Zhang Lisa , Packer Michael S. , Chen Hung-Dar , Lee Cheol , Gautam Sudeep , Gregoire Francine M. , Leboeuf Dominique , Boule Steven , Fernandez Thomas P. , Huang Victoria , Cheng Lo-I , Lung Genesis , Bannister Brianna , Decker Jeremy , Leete Thomas , Shuang Lan S. , Bock Caroline , Kothiyal Prachi , Grayson Phil , Mok Ka W. , Quinn Jeffrey J. , Young Lauren , Barrera Luis , Ciaramella Giuseppe , Mansfield Brian C. , Chou Janice Y. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlycogen storage disease type-Ia patients, deficient in the G6PC1 gene encoding glucose-6-phosphatase-α, lack blood glucose control, resulting in life-threatening hypoglycemia. Here we show our humanized mouse model, huR83C, carrying the pathogenic G6PC1-R83C variant displays the phenotype of glycogen storage disease type-Ia and dies prematurely. We evaluate the efficacy of BEAM-301, a formulation of lipid nanoparticles containing a newly-engineered adenine base editor, to correct the G6PC1-R83C variant in huR83C mice and monitor phenotypic correction through one year. BEAM-301 can correct up to ~60% of the G6PC1-R83C variant in liver cells, restores blood glucose control, improves metabolic abnormalities of the disease, and confers long-term survival to the mice. Interestingly, just ~10% base correction is therapeutic. The durable pharmacological efficacy of base editing in huR83C mice supports the development of BEAM-301 as a potential therapeutic for homozygous and compound heterozygous glycogen storage disease type-Ia patients carrying the G6PC1-R83C variant.
Diuretics and mortality reduction in incident dialysis patients: a two-year observational study
Authors: Ingwiller Maxime , Bozman Dogan-Firat , Florens Nans , Cerasuolo Damiano , Vigneau Cécile , Couchoud Cécile , Hannedouche Thierry 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFluid overload predicts morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Diuretics can reduce fluid overload, but their effects on morbi-mortality following inception remain ill-defined. To determine whether diuretics reduce mortality and hospitalization rates in incident dialysis patients in the first 2 years after inception. Adult patients starting dialysis between 2009 and 2015 in the REIN registry were matched with the SNDS database and divided into four subgroups according to loop diuretics exposure: < 5%, 5–50%, 50–80% or > 80% over the observation period of each patient. The incidence of hospitalization was described based on the primary diagnoses of the discharge summaries and codes. In this study, which included 67,736 patients, 53,829 (79.5%) who had varying degrees of diuretic exposure exhibited a significantly lower mortality rate at 2 years compared to those without diuretic exposure (24.8% [95% CI 24.4–25.2], vs 37.5% [95% CI 36.7–38.3] respectively). However, the duration of diuretic exposure significantly impacted outcomes. The all-cause mortality rate at two years was highest in the group with ≥ 80% exposure (68.2% [95% CI 67.3–69.1]), followed by those with 50–80% exposure (15.7% [95% CI 15.0–16.4]), and those with 5–50% exposure (6.6% [95% CI 6.3–7.0]). An inverse probability weighting (IPW) propensity score analysis supported these findings. Stratified analyses showed consistent results regardless of a history of congestive heart failure and were similar for both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. Additionally, the number of hospitalizations and length of stay were generally higher in the group with the longest exposure to loop diuretics. Diuretic exposure was generally associated with a lower mortality rate in dialysis patients. However, prolonged exposure (≥ 80%) was linked to an increased risk of mortality and hospitalization. This prolonged exposure may indicate residual diuresis at the cost of chronic fluid overload.