bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condensed Plasmoids (CPs) – A Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Nuclear Active Environment of LENR
Authors: Jaitner Lutz 
Published: December 2024

Researchers have long been puzzled about the basic nuclear reaction mechanisms of low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR). Usually the crystal lattice or nano-particles (among others) are assumed to be the nuclear active environment that catalyzes the reaction somehow. In contrast, the author has built a quantum-mechanical model of the nuclear active environment in LENR, where this environment is modeled as an ultra-dense plasmoid, i.e. a “condensed plasmoid” (CP). The computed properties of CPs are so exotic that CPs qualify as a previously unknown aggregation state of matter. The quantum-mechanical model of CPs is based on the cylindrical symmetry of a very thin (i.e. about 40 pm) plasma “wire”. (The quantitative properties given in the abstract depend on the configuration of the CP; these are just examples.) The electrons of a CP are fully delocalized and decoupled from the nuclei. They are moving with high velocity (10–80% of light speed) against the nuclei. This results in an intrinsic current of about 9 kA in the CP with a mean current density of approximately 2.5 A/pm2. The magnetic field from this current reaches 50 MT (magatesla) and creates a confinement pressure of more than 1021 Pa. The electrons are compressed by the strong z-pinch condition to a mean density of about 0.15 electrons/pm3. The creation of a CP is an endothermic process (i.e. it takes in energy from an external source), which typically requires discharges with high voltages and high currents. Once created, these objects can be long-living (lasting hours). The minimum distance of hydrogen nuclei in a CP is only about 2 pm, which enables tunneling of nuclei through the Coulomb barrier, i.e. nuclear fusion. The barrier is also much screened by the dense electrons.
Lattice Energy Converter II: Iron Hydrogen Host Material
Authors: Gordon F.E. , Whitehouse H.J. 
Published: December 2024

Continuing development of Lattice Energy Converter (LEC) technology has resulted in both experimental and theoretical advancements. Replicated experimental results and analysis for a LEC wherein a codeposited palladium-hydrogen working electrode produced spontaneous and sustained electrical energy attributed to ionizing radiation have been previously reported. Herein is reported the use of a working electrode comprised of codeposited iron-hydrogen from an aqueous solution of FeCl2 which demonstrated similar capabilities to produce spontaneous and sustained electrical energy as well as ionizing radiation. These results also have been replicated. http://ikkem.com/iccf23/PPT/Invited%20Gordon%20ICCF%2023%20LEC%20T5.MP4. This paper updates the presentation at the workshop in honor of Dr. Srinivasan in January 2021 which is available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4dzTWY_aWM This paper provides additional analysis that supports the observed experimental results from both presentations.
Effect of Chemical Weed Control on Growth, Herb Yield and Oil Content of Mentha (Mentha arvensis L.) Across Northern Eastern and Central Highlands of India
Authors: Gourav Raj Kumar , Dawson Joy , Gautam Manjesh , Kumar Ashok , Singh Aditya , Patel Anjali 
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was carried out during the summer season of 2015 at Crop Research Farm of Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad to study the effect of various weed management options on weed dynamics and production of mentha. In the experiment six treatments namely, propaquizafop 10% EC @ 50 ml/ha, propaquizafop 10% EC @ 62.5 ml/ha, propaquizafop 10% EC @ 75 ml/ha, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC @ 100 ml/ha, hand weeding and un-weeded control were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The results revealed that a significantly lower weed density and weed dry matter weight, weed index and higher weed control efficiency were recorded under hand weeding which was found at par to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC @ 100 ml/ha and propaquizafop 10% EC @ 75 ml/ha. The higher plant height, herbage yield (21.8 t/ha) and dry matter yield (6.00 t/ha) and oil yield (136.9 l/ha) of mentha were also obtained with hand weeding which was found at par to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC @ 100 ml/ha and propaquizafop 10% EC @ 75 ml/ha. fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC @ 100 ml/ha also resulted in the most effective herbicide against grassy weed and generated maximum net return (Rs. 92303/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.30) followed by propaquizafop 10% EC @ 75 ml/ha.
High Durable, Biocompatible, and Flexible Piezoelectric Pulse Sensor Using Single‐Crystalline III‐N Thin Film
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Haoran , Wang Weijie , Nabulsi Noor , Zhao Wenbo , Kim Ja Yeon , Kwon Min‐Ki , Ryou Jae‐Hyun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlexible pulse sensors that can detect subtle skin surface deformation caused by arterial pulses are key components for developing non‐invasive continuous pulse waveform monitoring systems that provide vital health status parameters. Piezoelectric pulse sensors (PPSs) offer a promising solution for flexible pulse sensors due to their relatively high sensitivity and stability, and low power consumption, when compared with conventional active pulse sensors. However, the reported high‐performance PPSs contain toxic lead, which limits their practical applications. In this study, a highly sensitive and flexible PPS that detects surface deflections on the micrometer scale is fabricated with single‐crystalline group III‐nitride thin film. This biocompatible flexible PPS is sensitive enough to detect pulse waveform with detailed characteristic peaks from most arterial pulse sites when attached to the skin surface without applying external pressure. Useful physiological parameters such as the pulse rate, artery augmentation index, and pulse wave velocity can be drawn from the as‐acquired pulse waveforms. The flexible PPS can also be used to continuously monitor the arterial pulse waveform.
Electrically Tunable Perfect Terahertz Absorber Based on a Graphene Salisbury Screen Hybrid Metasurface
Authors: Chen Xieyu , Tian Zhen , Lu Yongchang , Xu Yuehong , Zhang Xueqian , Ouyang Chunmei , Gu Jianqiang , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGraphene, as a popular 2D semiconductor, with a carrier concentration that can be extensively tailored by external stimulants, such as electric bias and photoexcitation, is a promising candidate for active optoelectronics. An electrically tunable perfect terahertz absorber is presented by integrating a metallic grating into classical graphene Salisbury screen. The measurement shows that perfect absorption can be achieved for even lightly‐doped graphene and a modulation depth up to 25% is realized. Numerical simulation and analytical model based on the transmission line theory are developed to validate the design, showing a good agreement with the measured results. In addition, dependence of the terahertz response on physical dimensions and polarization of the incident terahertz field is also experimentally explored. It indicates that the hybrid terahertz device is able to function as tunable perfect absorber or tunable polarizer with an extinction ratio up to 23 dB. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using low carrier mobility chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene for tunable perfect terahertz absorption, which is suitable for potential applications, such as terahertz switching, and time domain and spatial domain modulation.
Willingness to pay of Nigerian poultry producers and feed millers for aflatoxin‐safe maize
Authors: Johnson Andrew M. , Abdoulaye Tahirou , Ayedun Bamikole , Fulton Joan R. , Widmar Nicole J. Olynk , Adebowale Akande , Bandyopadhyay Ranajit , Manyong Victor 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDietary aflatoxin exposure is a widespread problem in the developing world and causes severe negative health consequences to humans and livestock animals. A new biological control product, called Aflasafe, has been introduced in Nigeria to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of maize in the field and in storage. No known prior work has estimated how much African agribusinesses using maize for animal feed will pay for aflatoxin‐safe maize. This study measured the levels of Aflasafe awareness, surveyed current aflatoxin management practices, and estimated, using choice experiments, willingness to pay (WTP) for aflatoxin‐safe maize by Nigerian poultry producers and feed millers. Data was gathered from 272 orally administered surveys, which included discrete choice experiments examining maize purchasing decisions. Results suggest that the proportion of enterprises that were aware of aflatoxin was found to vary across states. Two latent classes of Nigerian poultry producers and feed millers were identified that were willing to pay average premiums of 4.9% and 30.9%, respectively for maize with 10 parts per billion (ppb) aflatoxin concentration relative to maize with 20 ppb aflatoxin concentration. Both latent classes were, on average, willing to pay larger premiums for maize with 4 ppb aflatoxin concentration. There was evidence that latent class membership, and hence WTP, varied based on awareness of aflatoxin and across geographies.
Single‐Atom Cr−N4 Sites Designed for Durable Oxygen Reduction Catalysis in Acid Media
Authors: Luo Ergui , Zhang Hao , Wang Xian , Gao Liqin , Gong Liyuan , Zhao Tuo , Jin Zhao , Ge Junjie , Jiang Zheng , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) are attracting widespread interest for the catalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), with Fe−Nx SACs exhibiting the most promising activity. However, Fe‐based catalysts suffer serious stability issues as a result of oxidative corrosion through the Fenton reaction. Herein, using a metal‐organic framework as an anchoring matrix, we for the first time obtained pyrolyzed Cr/N/C SACs for the ORR, where the atomically dispersed Cr is confirmed to have a Cr−N4 coordination structure. The Cr/N/C catalyst exhibits excellent ORR activity with an optimal half‐wave potential of 0.773 V versus RHE. More excitingly, the Fenton reaction is substantially reduced and, thus, the final catalysts show superb stability. The innovative and robust active site for the ORR opens a new possibility to circumvent the stability issue of the non‐noble metal ORR catalysts.
Efficient Synthesis of Spirooxindole Pyrrolones by a Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/Carbene Insertion/Lossen Rearrangement Sequence
Authors: Ma Biao , Wu Peng , Wang Xing , Wang Zhengyu , Lin Hai‐Xia , Dai Hui‐Xiong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA rhodium(III)‐catalyzed domino annulation of simple olefins with diazo oxindoles to give spirooxindole pyrrolone products is described. This reaction can be formally viewed as the result of an anomalous tandem C−H activation, carbene insertion, Lossen rearrangement, and a nucleophilic addition process. The potential utility of this reaction was further demonstrated by the late‐stage diversification of drug molecules.
Artemisinin–(Iso)quinoline Hybrids by C−H Activation and Click Chemistry: Combating Multidrug‐Resistant Malaria
Authors: Çapcı Aysun , Lorion Mélanie M. , Wang Hui , Simon Nina , Leidenberger Maria , Borges Silva Mariana C. , Moreira Diogo R. M. , Zhu Yongping , Meng Yuqing , Chen Jia Yun , Lee Yew Mun , Friedrich Oliver , Kappes Barbara , Wang Jigang , Ackermann Lutz , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA substantial challenge worldwide is emergent drug resistance in malaria parasites against approved drugs, such as chloroquine (CQ). To address these unsolved CQ resistance issues, only rare examples of artemisinin (ART)‐based hybrids have been reported. Moreover, protein targets of such hybrids have not been identified yet, and the reason for the superior efficacy of these hybrids is still not known. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel ART–isoquinoline and ART–quinoline hybrids showing highly improved potencies against CQ‐resistant and multidrug‐resistant P. falciparum strains (EC50 (Dd2) down to 1.0 nm; EC50 (K1) down to 0.78 nm) compared to CQ (EC50 (Dd2)=165.3 nm; EC50 (K1)=302.8 nm) and strongly suppressing parasitemia in experimental malaria. These new compounds are easily accessible by step‐economic C−H activation and copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reactions. Through chemical proteomics, putatively hybrid‐binding protein targets of the ART‐quinolines were successfully identified in addition to known targets of quinoline and artemisinin alone, suggesting that the hybrids act through multiple modes of action to overcome resistance.
Kinetic Control of Aggregation Shape in Micellar Self‐Assembly
Authors: Buckinx Axel‐Laurenz , Verstraete Kirsten , Baeten Evelien , Tabor Rico F. , Sokolova Anna , Zaquen Neomy , Junkers Tanja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe first steps towards top‐down morphology control in micellar self‐assembly are introduced. Kinetically stable micelles are formed from block copolymers (BCPs) using continuous flow techniques by turbulent mixing of water with a THF solution of polymers. In this way, particle shape and size can be altered from spheres to ellipsoids solely via tuning of mixing parameters from a single BCP.
[UF6]2−: A Molecular Hexafluorido Actinide(IV) Complex with Compensating Spin and Orbital Magnetic Moments
Authors: Pedersen Kasper S. , Meihaus Katie R. , Rogalev Andrei , Wilhelm Fabrice , Aravena Daniel , Amoza Martín , Ruiz Eliseo , Long Jeffrey R. , Bendix Jesper , Clérac Rodolphe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe first structurally characterized hexafluorido complex of a tetravalent actinide ion, the [UF6]2− anion, is reported in the (NEt4)2[UF6]⋅2 H2O salt (1). The weak magnetic response of 1 results from both UIV spin and orbital contributions, as established by combining X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy and bulk magnetization measurements. The spin and orbital moments are virtually identical in magnitude, but opposite in sign, resulting in an almost perfect cancellation, which is corroborated by ab initio calculations. This work constitutes the first experimental demonstration of a seemingly non‐magnetic molecular actinide complex carrying sizable spin and orbital magnetic moments.
Conditional Singlet Oxygen Generation through a Bioorthogonal DNA‐targeted Tetrazine Reaction
Authors: Linden Greta , Zhang Lei , Pieck Fabian , Linne Uwe , Kosenkov Dmitri , Tonner Ralf , Vázquez Olalla 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report the use of bioorthogonal reactions as an original strategy in photodynamic therapy to achieve conditional phototoxicity and specific subcellular localization simultaneously. Our novel halogenated BODIPY‐tetrazine probes only become efficient photosensitizers (ΦΔ≈0.50) through an intracellular inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder reaction with a suitable dienophile. Ab initio computations reveal an activation‐dependent change in decay channels that controls 1O2 generation. Our bioorthogonal approach also enables spatial control. As a proof‐of‐concept, we demonstrate the feasibility of the selective activation of our dormant photosensitizer in cellular nuclei, causing cancer cell death upon irradiation. Thus, our dual biorthogonal, activatable photosensitizers open new venues to combat current limitations of photodynamic therapy.
Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas cedrina infecting Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Liu Fang‐Hua , Lin Xiao‐Li , Kang Zhi‐Wei , Tian Hong‐Gang , Liu Tong‐Xian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is one of the most destructive pests worldwide and its management relies exclusively on frequent application of chemical insecticides. Resistance to common insecticides is now widespread, and novel classes of insecticides are needed. Entomopathogenic bacteria and their related products play an important role in the management of this pest. In the present work, one bacterial strain was separated from infected pupae of P. xylostella collected from field and its pathogenicity was evaluated. On the basis of the 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, BLASTN, and phylogenetic analysis, this bacterial isolate was identified as Pseudomonas cedrina. Oral administration of P. cedrina at levels above 10,000 CFU/ml gave significant mortality to P. xylostella larvae. The pathogenicity was also observed by reduced longevity and fecundity in adult females. However, when live bacterial cells were removed, the cultured broth lost any pathogenicity. In response to the bacterial infection, P. xylostella expressed antimicrobial and stress‐associated genes. A mixture treatment of P. cedrina and Bacillus thuringiensis showed an additive effect on larval mortality of P. xylostella. These results indicated that P. cedrina is an opportunistic entomopathogen without secretion of toxins. Furthermore, the additive effect of P. cedrina and B. thuringiensis provide a new insight to develop new strategy for controlling P. xylostella.
BmNPV infection correlates with the enhancement of the resistance of Bombyx mori cells to UV radiation
Authors: Tang Qi , Chen Fangying , Wu Peng , Qiu Lipeng , Chen Huiqing , Chen Keping , Li Guohui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAt present, the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the interaction between Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) and host remains unclear. In the current study, UV treatment significantly reduced the activity of BmNPV budded viruses (BVs), and UV‐damaged BmN cells were not conducive to BmNPV proliferation. BmNPV infection significantly reduced the viability of host cells, but increased the viability of high‐dose UV‐treated host cells. Furthermore, the quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR (qPCR) results suggested that BmNPV and Bombyx mori might mutually use the same DNA repair proteins for repairing UV‐induced damage and BmNPV infection promote the ability of host cells to repair UV‐induced damage.
Electropolymerizable IrIII Complexes with β‐Ketoiminate Ancillary Ligands
Authors: Ionescu Andreea , Caligiuri Rossella , Godbert Nicolas , Candreva Angela , La Deda Massimo , Furia Emilia , Ghedini Mauro , Aiello Iolinda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA series of electropolymerizable cyclometallated IrIII complexes were synthesized and their electrochemical and photophysical properties studied. The triphenylamine electropolymerizable fragment was introduced by using triphenylamine‐2‐phenylpyridine and, respectively, triphenylamine‐benzothiazole as cyclometalated ligands. The coordination sphere was completed by two differently substituted β‐ketoiminate ligands deriving from the condensation of acetylacetone or hexafluoroacetylacetone with para‐bromoaniline. The influence of the ‐CH3/‐CF3 substitution to the electrochemical and photophysical properties was investigated. Both complexes with CH3 substituted β‐ketoiminate were emissive in solution and in solid state. Highly stable films were electrodeposited onto ITO coated glass substrates. Their emission was quenched by electron trapping within the polymeric network as proven by electrochemical studies. The ‐CF3 substitution of the β‐ketoiminate leads instead to the quenching of the emission and inhibits electropolymerization.
Highly Dispersed Ni Nanoparticles on Anhydrous Calcium Silicate (ACS) Nanosheets for Catalytic Dry Reforming of Methane: Tuning the Activity by Different Ways of Ni Introduction
Authors: Sheng Kefa , Zeng Fang , Pang Fei , Ge Jianping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThree kinds of nickel‐loaded anhydrous calcium silicate nanocatalysts (ACS), including Ni‐ACS‐Dop, Ni‐ACS‐Iex and Ni‐ACS‐Im, were prepared by introducing Ni species through doping in the synthesis of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) nanosheets, ion‐exchange with premade CSH nanosheets and deposition on calcined ACS nanosheets, respectively. Although Ni species were introduced in different ways, all the Ni‐ACS catalysts showed similar chemical compositions and microstructures, where Ni nanoparticles were highly dispersed on the ultrathin ACS nanosheets with a large surface area and good thermal stability. However, the differences in the way of Ni introduction did produce Ni with different electronic states. The Ni‐ACS‐Iex catalyst with “surface Ni” as a dominant form had more electrons enriched on the surface of Ni, which led to the highest activity in the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction among the three catalysts, whereas the Ni‐ACS‐Dop catalyst with “lattice Ni” as a dominant form showed an electron‐deficient property and lowest activity. Different from the introduction of a more favourable nanostructure or chemical component to the catalyst system, this work controlled the chemical environment of metal precursors and created metal catalysts with a preferred surface electronic state during synthesis, which could be a new strategy to improve the catalytic activity.
Single‐Atom Catalysts for the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Qiu Yuan , Peng Xianyun , Lü Fang , Mi Yuying , Zhuo Longchao , Ren Junqiang , Liu Xijun , Luo Jun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPowered by renewable electricity, the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia is proposed as a promising alternative to the energy‐ and capital‐intensive Haber–Bosch process, and has thus attracted much attention from the scientific community. However, this process suffers from low NH3 yields and Faradaic efficiency. The development of more effective electrocatalysts is of vital importance for the practical applications of this reaction. Of the reported catalysts, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) show the significant advantages of efficient atom utilization and unsaturated coordination configurations, which offer great scope for optimizing their catalytic performance. Herein, progress in state‐of‐the‐art SACs applied in the electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) is discussed, and the main advantages and challenges for developing more efficient electrocatalysts are also highlighted.
Automata Simulator: A mobile app to teach theory of computation
Authors: Singh Tuhina , Afreen Simra , Chakraborty Pinaki , Raj Rashmi , Yadav Savita , Jain Dipika 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe developed a mobile app named Automata Simulator to simulate different types of automata and used it to teach the course on theory of computation. The students used the app to design and simulate automata during the lectures. The students also used a more sophisticated desktop application, JFLAP, to study advanced concepts related to automata theory after the lectures. An analysis of the examination results revealed that this approach helped the students to learn the concepts better and score 1% more marks. Moreover, a strong correlation between the marks obtained by the students for questions related to designing of automata and their total score was identified. In a survey conducted at the end of the semester, the students said that it was difficult to use two tools for learning the same concepts. However, they also felt that the combination of the two tools made the course more interactive and contributed positively in the process of learning.