bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Recurrent Neural Network DRNN Model for Real-Time Multistage Pumping Data
Authors: Madasu Srinath , Rangarajan Keshava P. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A new real-time model was developed, based on a deep recurrent neural network (DRNN), to predict response variables, such as surface pressure response, during the hydraulic fracturing process. During the stimulation process stage, fluids are inserted at the top of the wellhead, and the flow is driven by the difference between the hydrostatic pressure and reservoir pressure. The major physics and engineering aspects in this process are very complex; quite often, the measured data includes a large amount of uncertainty related to the accuracy of the measured data, as well as intrinsic noise. Consequently, the best approach uses a machine learning-based technique that can resolve both temporal and spatial non-linear variations.
The approach followed in this paper provides a long short-term memory (LSTM) network-based method to predict surface pressure in a fracturing job, considering all commonly known surface variables. The surface pumping data consists of real-time data captured within each stage, including surface treating pressure, fluid pumping rate, and proppant rate. The prediction of a response variable, such as the surface pressure response, is important because it provides the basis for decisions made in several oil and gas applications to ensure success, including hydraulic fracturing and matrix acidizing.
Currently available modeling methods are limited in that the estimates are not high resolution and cannot address a high level of non-linearity in the treatment pressure time series relationship with other variables, such as flow rate and proppant rate. In addition, these methods cannot predict subsurface variable responses based only on surface variable measurements. The method described in this paper is extended to accommodate the prediction of diverter pressure response.
The model presented in this paper uses a deep learning neural network model to predict the surface pressure based on flow rate and proppant rate. This work represents the first attempt to predict (in real time) a response variable, such as surface pressure, during a pumping stage using a memory-preserving recurrent neural network (RNN) variant (for example, LSTM and gated recurrent unit (GRU)). The results show that the LSTM is capable of modeling the surface pressure in a hydraulic fracturing process well. The surface pressure predictions obtained were within 10% of the actual values. The current effort to model surface pressure can be used to simulate response variables in real time, providing engineers with an accurate representation of the conditions in the wellbore and in the reservoir. The current method can overcome the handling of complex physics to provide a reliable, stable, and accurate numerical solution throughout the pumping stages.
Integration of Multi-Mission Satellite Data, Weather and Ice Information for Arctic Operations
Authors: Kaljord Andreas Hay , Andersen Svein Inge 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The benefits of using satellite imagery in arctic maritime operations are well known. Synthetic Aperture Radar and optical imagery from polar orbiting satellites can provide valuable information about sea ice and presence of icebergs both on a local and regional scale. The sea ice information extracted from satellite imagery is used together with weather data for vessel navigation in or near the ice or for increased safety and reduced risk during critical operations.
Kongsberg Satellite Services (KSAT) has ordering, downlink and processing capabilities for all the commercial and free SAR satellites in orbit today. SAR satellite imagery from these sources can, in addition to be used for detection and monitoring of sea ice, also be used for large scale environmental monitoring (oil spill detection) and increased maritime domain awareness (vessel detection). StormGeo is a leading weather risk provider for operations in Arctic, and has a strong focus on delivering weather decision support to marine operations.
For the end-user performing ice analysis, satellite imagery can be used in addition to information such as local weather forecasts and ice information extracted from external sources. For efficient ordering of satellite imagery in ice management operations, it is important that the end-user have access to satellite tasking information such as potential temporal and spatial coverage, tasking deadlines and order status. In addition, the end-user must be able to access the relevant data as fast as possible after satellite acquisition.
KSAT and StormGeo have in cooperation with Viking Supply Ships developed an end-to-end service integrating relevant ice-information and interfaces for satellite ordering, imagery access and weather information. The service is accessed through the StormGeo GUI, "Vortex," which serves as a robust and powerful tool for information access and ice management analysis.
The service development has been done in the MULDIARCOS (Multi-mission Data and Information Services for Arctic Operations) project, which has been partly funded by ESA under the Integrated Application Promotion program.
Study on Ice Abrasion Test Method of Coating Paint for Ice-Class Vessels
Authors: Cho Seong-Rak , Kim Cheol-Hee , Oh Eun-Jin , Lee Sungsu 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study describes the ice abrasion test method of commercial coatings for ice-class vessel. The tested specimens are composed of three different coatings: an ice protection coating (IPC), a medium bonding coating (MBC), and an anti-fouling coating (AFC). The abrasion event between ice and coatings was carried out at the ambient temperature of near 0°C, and the surface roughness, and frictional coefficient were measured before and after the abrasion test. In addition, the Ethylene glycol/ Aliphatic detergent (EG/AD) model ice is standard model ice in the KRISO ice model basin and its mechanical properties are similar with the properties of the EG/AD/S model ice was used in this study. The large friction measurement device we used in this study can move up to 2 m, and measures the friction force of the plate over the ice and makes ice abrasion event with model ice. The correlation between the roughness and the coefficient of friction was derived as ice abrasion event progresses. In case of the IPC, the surface roughness increases as the ice abrasion test increases, therefore, a frictional resistance is also bigger and bigger. However, the results for the MBC and the AFC are different because the surface roughnesses were not pretty much changed according to the ice abrasion and the frictional resistances are independent on the ice abrasion. This study can contribute to the development of ice abrasion test method.
Global Mooring Loads for Semi-Submersible Station Keeping in Pack Ice
Authors: Thijssen Jan , Fuglem Mark , Ralph Freeman 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Approaches are presented in this paper for estimating the global mooring loads and response of a semi-submersible drilling rig, as a result of pack ice loading. The focus is on loading events from pack ice conditions relevant to the Grand Banks, where the pack ice typically consists of small floes and limited concentrations. The current practice for semi-submersible drilling operations on the Grand Banks is to avoid contact with pack ice by disconnecting and moving off-station in the event of an ice incursion. From a global loads perspective this may be unnecessary, given that the typical pack ice is of low severity and mooring loads may well be within acceptable limits.
To be able to operate in pack ice while moored, operators need to demonstrate that the moored semi-submersible will have sufficient structural and mooring capacity to withstand the ice loads. Some existing semi-submersible hulls have ice strengthening in place as specified by a classification society, with associated allowable operating criteria in terms of ice conditions. These operating criteria are to ensure sufficient structural capacity given the ice conditions. No standardized approaches are currently available to quantify global pack ice loads and associated offsets for moored semi-submersibles, which are needed to assess the required mooring capacity. The objective of this paper is to address this gap and present approaches that can assist in specifying allowable operating criteria for station-keeping in pack ice.
Ice Model Tests for Ice Loads and Encroachment of Fixed Offshore Structures
Authors: Schroeder Christian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Different kinds of offshore structures are designed and built to resist the scenarios of the arctic environment. This paper focuses on different ice load scenarios and the challenges for fixed offshore structures. Model test methods will be presented to assess the suitability of the design for the corresponding environmental scenarios. Measurement possibilities will be explained monitoring the design challenges as ice resistance, vibrations and encroachment of ice.
The feasibility of different ice model test setups will be described and the main observations will be presented. The findings of the general phenomena of the resistance and encroachment will be discussed to assist the design process of offshore structures.
The Subsea Drake Pipeline: A Challenging Case Study to Check Design Effectiveness Against Drifting Ice Action
Authors: Barrette Paul , Barker Anne , Gardin Enzo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Drake pipeline is located offshore Melville Island, in the Canadian High Arctic. It was built on-site in 1977-78 and connected to a natural gas production well, which operated for only a few months. The well was plugged in 1995 and the pipeline was abandoned. The pipeline extends from the shoreline to the wellhead located about one kilometer offshore to a water depth of 55 meters. It is buried at the shoreline crossing, to a target depth of 1.5 meters below sea bottom. A system to generate a frozen soil shield was also devised for further protection against drifting ice. Also, a berm made from ice and gravel was built at the water line. Field investigations could prove highly instructive to assess the state of the structure, and provide guidelines for design of future pipelines in high risks areas. However, significant technical and logistical challenges would face that venture, namely a ‘no physical contact’ (with the pipeline) restriction from the property owner, which leads to difficulty in understanding what has occurred to the pipeline beneath the soil, and a propensity for the region to be covered with a very thick ice cover.
DP in Ice Environment – Improving Safety and Efficiency of Arctic Operations: An Update
Authors: Islam Mohammed , Mills Jason , Gash Robert , Pearson Wayne , Millan James 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to present an update of various research activities of a multi-year research and development project aiming at developing dynamic positioning (DP) system technologies specifically for ice-rich environments. Since the beginning of the project in 2014, significant progress has been made in various activities that aimed at achieving the primary project objective of improving the safety and efficiency of oil and gas operations in ice infested environments through the enhancement of existing DP system technologies for efficient operations and training of DP operators in simulated realistic ice environments by providing necessary exposure to DP operations in ice. Prototypes of multiple vessel models, ice force models, and other environmental force models have been developed and are being validated. A modularized simulation and validation platform has been developed for the integration, validation, testing of all these prototypes. The research team at the National Research Council's Ocean Coastal and River Engineering (NRC-OCRE) is on the verge of delivering the complete package of the simulation platform to the project lead, the Centre for Marine Simulation (CMS) at the Fisheries and Marine Institute (MI) of Memorial University of Newfoundland, for comprehensive checking and testing of the platform by the project commercial partner Kongsberg Digital Simulation (KDS) Ltd.In this article, an update on various activities regarding the physical model testing, numerical modeling and development of simulation platform is presented. Various modules of the prototype validation platform and their integration are discussed along with their current development status. A brief discussion on various components of the ice force modeling approach, the algorithms and implementation strategies is provided. Finally, the initial results of a number of DP in ice simulation cases and comparison with validation data is presented. A brief outline of the work remaining to be completed for achieving the project objectives, along with the associated limitations are also provided.
Level Ice Clearing in Model and Full Scale Using Azimuthing Propulsion
Authors: Taimuri Ghalib Humayun , Kujala Pentti , Leiviskä Topi , Määttänen Pirjo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Marine vessels and offshore structures functioning in Earth's frigid zones require ice management to continue their routine operations. Icebreakers are the most influential vessel in assisting marine operations in Polar Regions. The present study is set to analyze the clearance area of level ice using Azimuthing propeller jet in bollard condition, by means of full-scale and model scale experiments. Moreover channel widening and heeling test is performed to analyze the escorting ability of an icebreaker with only using propeller jets. Scope of the current investigation can be incorporated in designing new icebreakers and maintaining desired channel width based on propeller jets effect.
Propeller jets can be used to break level ice, when the ship is stationary or moving, where the amount and capacity of breaking or clearing the ice are based on the thrust of the propeller, angle between the propeller jet axis and free surface, and thickness of the ice as well as propeller running time. This paper presents a comparison between full-scale experiments data (carry out in the Gulf of Bothnia, March 2017) and model scale trials performed in Aker Arctic testing facility on the level ice sheet. These experiments were based on image data from external camera and propeller flow parameters, where the area, as well as coordinate calculation, were within 3% of the accuracy from the acquired images. Full-scale ice thicknesses utilized in the experiments were selected and confirmed from surveillance videos. Model-scale images were corrected using Hugin software while ImageJ was used to calculate ice clearance parameters.
Propeller thrust and area analysis show 10-22 % of the variation in the results of the model and full-scale experiments for 16 mm thick model ice. 16 mm thick model ice results are much closer to full-scale trials than 25 mm thick model ice. Test results at 30° and 90° pod angles could be extrapolated to design a prototype vessel.
Channel widening shows worthy outcome, with the use of Azipods at a speed of 8 kn channel width of 36 m can be attain by positioning the stern Azipods at 30° puller configuration. Changing the pod inclination by 30% will increase the channel width to 20%. In the widening of new level ice channel, 30° pod angle is the most suitable.
Consequences of Hypoxia for the Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cell Innate Immune Response
Authors: Sturrock Anne , Woller Diana , Freeman Andrew , Sanders Karl , Paine Robert 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Pulmonary innate immune responses involve a highly regulated multicellular network to defend the enormous surface area of the lung. Disruption of these responses renders the host susceptible to pneumonia. Alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) are a critical source of innate immune molecules such as GM-CSF, which determine the functional maturation of alveolar macrophages. In many pulmonary diseases, heterogeneous ventilation leads to regional hypoxia in the lung. The effect of hypoxia on AEC innate immune function is unknown. We now report that exposure of primary murine AEC to hypoxia (1% oxygen) for 24 h results in significant suppression of key innate immune molecules, including GM-CSF, CCL2, and IL-6. This exposure did not cause toxicity but did induce stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α protein (HIF-1α) and shift to glycolytic metabolism. Focusing on GM-CSF, we found that hypoxia greatly decreased the rate of GM-CSF transcription. Hypoxia both decreased NF-κB signaling in AEC and induced chromosomal changes, resulting in decreased accessibility in the GM-CSF proximal promoter of target sequences for NF-κB binding. In mice exposed to hypoxia in vivo (12% oxygen for 2 d), lung GM-CSF protein expression was reduced. In vivo phagocytosis of fluorescent beads by alveolar macrophages was also suppressed, but this effect was reversed by treatment with GM-CSF. These studies suggest that in critically ill patients, local hypoxia may contribute to the susceptibility of poorly ventilated lung units to infection through complementary effects on several pathways, reducing AEC expression of GM-CSF and other key innate immune molecules.
FORMAS FARMACÊUTICAS SEMISSÓLIDAS A BASE DE PAPAÍNA – AVALIAÇÃO PRELIMINAR DA ESTABILIDADE, CONTAMINAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA E ATIVIDADE ENZIMÁTICA
Authors: BORELLA Júlio Cézar , TEIXEIRA Juliana Coelho Lopes , PUGA Robison Leandro Aparecido , STEVANATO Marise C. Bastos 
Published: October 2018

Géis (usando carbômero) e cremes (usando base autoemulsionante aniônica), contendo 2% (p/p), 6% (p/p) e 10% (p/p) de papaína, são utilizados para fins de cicatrização e desbridamento de ferimentos. Com estas formulações, armazenadas em dois ambientes (5-10 ºC e 30-35 ºC), durante 4 meses, foram realizadas análises (pH, análise organoléptica, espalhabilidade, análise microbiológica, teste de centrifugação e atividade enzimática) para avaliar estabilidade, contaminação por micro-organismos e ação proteolítica. Os resultados mostraram que, para ambas as formas farmacêuticas, em temperaturas mais elevadas, houve maior rapidez na perda da atividade enzimática. Géis com altas concentrações de papaína (10% p/p) são inviáveis, pois apresentaram espalhabilidade anormais. Os cremes com papaína, em todas as concentrações, apresentaram separação de fases pelo teste de centrifugação, mostrando instabilidade termodinâmica. Os cremes (6% p/p e 10% p/p) apresentaram decréscimo intenso e rápido (entre 24 horas a 1 semana após preparo) da atividade enzimática, inviabilizando seu uso por períodos prolongados. Resultados de pH e contaminação microbiológica não foram determinantes para reprovação das formulações. Sendo assim, o gel a 2% (p/p) foi a única formulação que não apresentou problemas críticos de estabilidade e perda de atividade enzimática, se for mantido entre 5-10 ºC.
The Accuracy and Clinical Utility of Intraoperative Frozen Section Analysis in Open Biopsy of Bone
Authors: Wallace Matthew T. , Lin Patrick P. , Bird Justin E. , Moon Bryan S. , Satcher Robert L. , Lewis Valerae O. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Open biopsy of bone is the diagnostic benchmark for the diagnosis of skeletal lesions. Intraoperative pathology consultation with frozen section analysis is commonly performed to confirm adequacy of lesional tissue and guide intraoperative decision making. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and clinical utility of intraoperative frozen section during open bone biopsy.

Methods:
A retrospective review of 485 open biopsies of osseous lesions from 474 patients between 1997 and 2014 was performed. Pathology reports, operative notes, and prebiopsy imaging were assessed to determine the accuracy rates of frozen section analysis compared with final pathology. Pearson chi-squared and Fisher exact tests were performed to compare the accuracy and clinical utility rates based on soft-tissue extension, previous biopsy, lesional consistency, disease, and location.

Results:
Overall diagnostic yield of open bone biopsy was 95.3%. Frozen section analysis was accurate in 54.2%, equivocal positive in 21.2%, equivocal negative in 21.0%, and incorrect in 3.5% of cases. Previous nondiagnostic biopsy and the type of disease were found to have statistically significant effects on the accuracy of frozen section analysis.

Conclusion:
Frozen section analysis was diagnostic in approximately one half of open biopsy cases. Additional information in equivocal positive results suggests that frozen section analysis is helpful for intraoperative decision making (clinical utility) in 75.4% of cases.

Level of Evidence:
Retrospective review level IV
Synthetic Graft Compared With Allograft Reconstruction for Extensor Mechanism Disruption in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Wood Thomas J. , Leighton Jennifer , Backstein David J. , Marsh Jacquelyn D. , Howard James L. , McCalden Richard W. , MacDonald Steven J. , Lanting Brent A. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Extensor mechanism disruption after total knee arthroplasty is a serious complication leading to notable patient morbidity. The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of extensor mechanism allograft with synthetic graft reconstruction.

Methods:
We retrospectively identified all patients who underwent extensor mechanism reconstruction using either allograft or synthetic graft from two high-volume academic arthroplasty institutions between 2006 and 2017. We collected extensor lag, need for ambulatory aids, and patient-reported outcome measures, as well as the incidence of postoperative complications and revision surgeries. We evaluated cost differences, considering both material cost and the need for revision surgery.

Results:
We identified 27 cases. A significantly greater postoperative extensor lag was found in the allograft group (P = 0.05). Graft failure after synthetic reconstruction was zero, with an overall revision surgery rate of 15%. Graft failure was 21%, and the revision surgery rate was 43% after allograft reconstruction. The allograft cost was significantly higher compared with the synthetic graft cost (P = 0.001). The mean total cost was 4,733.08 CAD for the synthetic group and 24,050.40 CAD for the allograft group (P = 0.17).

Discussion:
Synthetic reconstruction for extensor mechanism disruption shows benefit in postoperative extensor lag, graft failure, revision surgery, and cost when compared with allograft.

Level of Evidence:
Level III
Profili di responsabilità infermieristica in un caso di amputazione dell’avambraccio da errata pratica infusionale in neonato prematuro
Authors: Pais dei Mori Luigi 
Published: October 2018

[Nursing responsibility profiles in a case of forearm amputation by wrong infusion practice in a premature newborn]This article refers to the case of a premature newborn twin (23 weeks of gestation + 6). Of the two brothers, only one survived, in a highly compromised state of health that led to a notable and dramatic series of clinical events: infectious complications, chronic renal failure, viscera herniation, intestinal perforation, and thrombocytopenia, treated with various infusions of platelet concentrates.During an infusion of platelet concentrate, an extravasation occurred with important tissue infarction. The lesion created, secondary to ischemic necrosis, evolves into dry necrosis, from the hand to the whole forearm, and leads to the amputation of the right forearm, despite the various attempts, pharmacological and surgical, experienced to avoid the extrema ratio.The purpose of this article is to analyze what happened considering scientific clinical evidence and the profile of responsibilities related to nursing practice.