bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S-acylated Golga7b stabilises DHHC5 at the plasma membrane to regulate desmosome assembly and cell adhesion
Authors: Woodley Keith T. , Collins Mark O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractS-acylation is the only fully reversible lipid modification of proteins however little is known about how protein S-acyltransferases (PATs) that mediate it are regulated. DHHC5 is a plasma membrane-localised PAT with roles in synaptic plasticity, massive endocytosis and cancer cell growth/invasion. Here we demonstrate that stabilisation of DHHC5 at the plasma membrane requires binding to and palmitoylation of an accessory protein Golga7b. This interaction requires the palmitoylation of the C-terminus of DHHC5 which regulates the internalisation of DHHC5 from the plasma membrane. Proteomic analysis of DHHC5/Golga7b-associated protein complexes reveals an enrichment in adhesion proteins, particularly components of desmosomes. We show that Desmoglein-2 and Plakophilin-3 are substrates of DHHC5 and that DHHC5/Golga7b are required for localisation of Desmoglein-2 to the plasma membrane and desmosomal patterning. Loss of DHHC5/Golga7b causes functional impairments in cell adhesion suggesting these proteins have a wider role in cell adhesion beyond desmosome assembly. This work uncovers a novel mechanism of DHHC5 regulation by Golga7b and demonstrates a role for the DHHC5/Golga7b complex in the regulation of cell adhesion.
Cell fitness is an omniphenotype
Authors: Jacobs Nicholas C. , Park Jiwoong , Saccone Nancy L. , Peterson Timothy R. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTMoore’s law states that computers get faster and less expensive over time. In contrast in biopharma, there is the reverse spelling, Eroom’s law, which states that drug discovery is getting slower and costing more money every year. Herein, we propose a solution to this problem. We put forth a consensus algorithm for inexpensively and rapidly prioritizing new factors of interest (e.g., a gene or drug) in human disease research. Specifically, we argue for synthetic interaction testing in mammalian cells using cell fitness – which reflect changes in cell number that could be due many effects – as a readout to judge the potential of the new factor. That is, if we combine perturbing a known factor with perturbing an unknown factor and they produce a synergistic, i.e., multiplicative rather than additive cell fitness phenotype, this justifies proceeding with the unknown gene/drug in more complex models where the known perturbation is already validated. This recommendation is backed by the following evidence we demonstrate herein: 1) human genes currently known to be important to cell fitness involve nearly all classifications of cellular and molecular processes; 2) Nearly all human genes important in cancer – a disease defined by altered cell number – are also important in other common diseases; 3) Many drugs affect a patient’s condition and the fitness of their cells comparably. We provide proof of concept of the Omniphenotype model using the widely used osteoporosis drug, bisphosphonates, implicating its mechanism of action (MoA) genes, ATRAID, SLC37A3, and FDPS, as potential gerotargets for neurodegenerative conditions. Taken together, these findings suggest cell fitness could be a broadly applicable phenotype for understanding gene, disease, and drug function. Measuring cell fitness is robust and requires little time and money. These are features that have long been capitalized on by pioneers using model organisms that we hope more mammalian biologists will recognize.Short summaryCell fitness is a biological hash function that enables interoperability of biomedical data.
The presence and impact of reference bias on population genomic studies of prehistoric human populations
Authors: Günther Torsten , Nettelblad Carl 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHigh quality reference genomes are an important resource in genomic research projects. A consequence is that DNA fragments carrying the reference allele will be more likely to map suc-cessfully, or receive higher quality scores. This reference bias can have effects on downstream population genomic analysis when heterozygous sites are falsely considered homozygous for the reference allele.In palaeogenomic studies of human populations, mapping against the human reference genome is used to identify endogenous human sequences. Ancient DNA studies usually operate with low sequencing coverages and fragmentation of DNA molecules causes a large proportion of the sequenced fragments to be shorter than 50 bp – reducing the amount of accepted mismatches, and increasing the probability of multiple matching sites in the genome. These ancient DNA specific properties are potentially exacerbating the impact of reference bias on downstream analyses, especially since most studies of ancient human populations use pseudohaploid data, i.e. they randomly sample only one sequencing read per site.We show that reference bias is pervasive in published ancient DNA sequence data of pre-historic humans with some differences between individual genomic regions. We illustrate that the strength of reference bias is negatively correlated with fragment length. Reference bias can cause differences in the results of downstream analyses such as population affinities, heterozygosity estimates and estimates of archaic ancestry. These spurious results highlight how important it is to be aware of these technical artifacts and that we need strategies to mitigate the effect. Therefore, we suggest some post-mapping filtering strategies to resolve reference bias which help to reduce its impact substantially.
Barley yield formation under abiotic stress depends on the interplay between flowering time genes and environmental cues
Authors: Wiegmann Mathias , Maurer Andreas , Pham Anh , March Timothy J. , Al-Abdallat Ayed , Thomas William T.B. , Bull Hazel J. , Shahid Mohammed , Eglinton Jason , Baum Michael , Flavell Andrew J. , Tester Mark , Pillen Klaus 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSince the dawn of agriculture, crop yield has always been impaired through abiotic stresses. In a field trial across five locations worldwide, we tested three abiotic stresses, nitrogen deficiency, drought and salinity, using HEB-YIELD, a selected subset of the wild barley nested association mapping population HEB-25. We show that barley flowering time genesPpd-H1, Sdw1, Vrn-H1andVrn-H3exert pleiotropic effects on plant development and grain yield. Under field conditions, these effects are strongly influenced by environmental cues like day length and temperature. For example, in Al-Karak, Jordan, the day length-sensitive wild barley allele ofPpd-H1was associated with an increase of grain yield by up to 30% compared to the insensitive elite barley allele. The observed yield increase is accompanied by pleiotropic effects ofPpd-H1resulting in shorter life cycle, extended grain filling period and increased grain size. Our study indicates that the adequate timing of plant development is crucial to maximize yield formation under harsh environmental conditions. We provide evidence that wild barley germplasm, introgressed into elite barley cultivars, can be utilized to improve grain yield. The presented knowledge may be transferred to related crop species like wheat and rice securing the rising global food demand for cereals.
Rapid identification of an Arabidopsis NLR gene conferring susceptibility to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using time-resolved automated phenotyping
Authors: Barbacci Adelin , Navaud Olivier , Mbengue Malick , Vincent Rémy , Barascud Marielle , Lacaze Aline , Raffaele Sylvain 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe broad host range necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating pathogen of many oil and vegetable crops. Plant genes conferring complete resistance against S. sclerotiorum have not been reported. Instead, plant populations challenged by S. sclerotiorum exhibit a continuum of partial resistance designated as quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Because of their complex interplay and their small phenotypic effect, the functional characterization of QDR genes remains limited. How broad host range necrotrophic fungi manipulate plant programmed cell death is for instance largely unknown. Here, we designed a time-resolved automated disease phenotyping pipeline and assessed the kinetics of disease symptoms caused by seven S. sclerotiorum isolates on six A. thaliana natural accessions with unprecedented resolution. We hypothesized that large effect polymorphisms common to the most resistant A. thaliana accessions, but absent from the most susceptible ones, would point towards disease susceptibility genes. This identified highly divergent alleles of the nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat gene LAZ5 in the resistant accessions Rubenzhnoe and Lip-0. Two LAZ5-deficient mutant lines in the Col-0 genetic background showed enhanced QDR to S. sclerotiorum, whereas plants mutated in the closely related CSA1 gene responded like the wild type. These findings illustrate the value of time-resolved image-based phenotyping for unravelling the genetic bases of complex traits such as QDR. Our results suggest that S. sclerotiorum manipulates plant sphingolipid pathways guarded by LAZ5 to trigger programmed cell death and cause disease.
Development level of electronic government services
Authors: Butt Nadia , Warraich Nosheen Fatima , Tahira Muzammil 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the emerging trends of e-government in Pakistan with an empirical investigation of the e-government websites and the services they provide to the citizens of Pakistan. It also investigates the level of development of these e-government websites in the Punjab Web portal. The governments in Asian countries, including Pakistan, have been struggling to switch their services from traditional on-spot services to online services. Focal points of the study are development level of e-government websites, available e-services and quality.Design/methodology/approachThe e-government Web portal of Punjab province with 38 websites is center of attention in present study. Website’s content analysis method is used to study e-government websites (N= 38) from the Punjab Web portal. It used the “Four-Stage Development Model” for the four stages, namely, “publishing”, “interacting”, “transacting” and “transforming”, to study the phenomena.FindingsThe findings showed that most of the websites on the Web portal were at the first (publishing) and second (interacting) stage of development. For the provision of effective online services, websites need to be on the third (transacting) and fourth (transforming) stage. Only a few websites in the Punjab Web portal were the on transacting and transforming stages providing a mature level of services. In total, 40 different types of services are identified in 38 websites of Punjab e-government Web portal.Practical implicationsE-government, Web portals are developed to give citizens a single, easy access point to several departments’ websites and their services. This baseline study recommends to update e-government websites periodically and put more focus on technological and contextual features to enhance the accessibility and usability of the websites.Originality/valueThis is first empirical study of e-government websites to explore their services and examine existing level of website development in this region.
Designing workplace induction programs to support the transition of new-career engineers to practice
Authors: Hawse Sally , Wood Leigh Norma 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on transition of engineering graduates to work. It asks: “What approaches and enabling activities can organisational induction programs use to support successful transition to practice for new-career engineers?”

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is grounded in literature review; it discusses central themes in the literature relating to transition to the workplace for Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) graduates. These include: skills required for the workplace; challenging factors in the transition to workplace; and, disciplinary socialisation.

Findings
There is a lack of literature that explores the design of workplace induction programs to assist novice engineers transition to professional work. An emerging topic in the literature is educational institution and employing organisation co-production of induction and transition to work programs.

Originality/value
Much of the literature relating to transition to work programs is from higher education rather than from the viewpoint of the workplace. This review contributes to knowledge of transition to work for early-career engineers from the perspective of workplace development programs.
Tribological behavior of WS2/oil-impregnated porous polyimide solid/liquid composite system
Authors: Yan Zhen , Jiang Dong , Gao Xiaoming , Zhang Can , Hu Ming , Feng Dapeng , Sun Jiayi , Weng Lijun , Wang Chao 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to study the tribological behavior of the WS2/oil-impregnated porous polyimide (PPI) solid/liquid composite system, in which both PFPE (perfluoropolyether) and SiCH (silahydrocarbons) oils with different hydrocarbon chains were used, respectively. Lubricating mechanism of the composite system was also explored.

Design/methodology/approach
The tribological behaviors of the WS2 films against the PPI cylindrical pins before and after immersing oil were evaluated under different loads by a reciprocating-type ball-on-disc tribometer.

Findings
The composite system exhibited the low and stable friction coefficient after the running-in stage, and the lubricant oil played a positive effect. It was found that the WS2/PFPE composite system exhibited more excellent lubricating property, although sole SiCH far exceeds PFPE in lubrication. The abnormal phenomenon mainly resulted from the influence of the oil amount. XRD results on the wear track surfaces indicated that PFPE and SiCH oils with different hydrocarbon chains were likely to preferentially adsorb to the edge plane and basal plane of the WS2 crystals, respectively.

Originality/value
In previous studies, liquid lubricants were directly dripped or spin-coated on the solid lubricant surface. Based on its potential advantage in application, the tribological behavior and mechanism of the solid lubricating film/oil-impregnated PPI composite system were investigated in this study.
Buyer relationships when developing new products: a contingency model
Authors: Athaide Gerard A. , Zhang Jason Q. , Klink Richard R. 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to develop and test a contingency model of buyer involvement when developing new products in technology-based industrial markets. Information Dissemination and degree of product co-development are identified as two behavioral dimensions of seller–buyer relationships. Further, the paper proposes that perceived buyer knowledge, innovation discontinuity, product customization and technological uncertainty moderate the impact of the behavioral dimensions on sellers’ relationship satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses moderated regression on a data set of 296 small and mid-sized firms in a variety of high-tech industries to test relevant hypotheses.FindingsThe authors find that sellers can enhance relationship satisfaction by engaging in either unilateral or bilateral relationships. This is important because sellers have to be judicious in expending their relationship resources. While information dissemination is more satisfying when targeting less knowledgeable buyers, product co-development enhances satisfaction when targeting more knowledgeable buyers. Similarly, information dissemination can enhance satisfaction for discontinuous innovations; in contrast, product co-development has a similar outcome for customized products. However, when technological uncertainty is high, such co-development leads to reduced satisfaction.Originality/valueExtant literature provides useful insights on the behavioral dimensions of seller–buyer relationships, the antecedents and consequences of such relationships and the stages of the new product development process when such relationships are more valuable. Despite this progress, important gaps remain in current understanding of seller–buyer relationships. In particular, findings regarding the contribution of relationships to desired outcomes are inconsistent. This suggests that important moderators of the relationship–outcomes link are being overlooked and warrant greater attention. This paper addresses this deficiency.
Attitude for inclusive finance: influence of owner-managers’ and firms’ characteristics on SMEs financial decision making
Authors: Rasheed Rabia , Siddiqui Sulaman Hafeez 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The adoption and use of financial services by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are pivotal in the development of inclusive financial markets. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of attitude on financial decision making of SMEs owner-manager. The attitude of SMEs owner-manager comprises of several factors; however, current study identifies few critical factors such as motivation, awareness and risk in the context of Pakistan. The study also includes the personal and firm characteristics as moderating variables to examine their effect on the relationship between attitude and financial decision making of owner-managers.

Design/methodology/approach
With the help of a structured questionnaire, total 285 valid responses are analyzed to accomplish the research objectives. The study uses SPSS and partial least square-structural equation modeling techniques in order to conduct analysis. The results of study highlight the importance of attitudinal factors such as awareness and risk. Moreover, the moderating effect of personal characteristics on the relationship between attitude and financial decision making has been found strong instead of firm characteristics.

Findings
The results show that the low awareness level of owner-managers regarding financial products and procedures significantly affects their attitude. Moreover, the less knowledge of financing terms as well as dominant role of owner-managers in taking firm decisions also increase the negative effect of risk factor on SMEs owner-manager attitude.

Research limitations/implications
The study suggested that policy makers should focus on the financial awareness of SMEs owner-manager to reduce the negativity of risk factor.

Originality/value
The study contributes toward the literature of inclusive finance and sustainability studies through better understanding of financial decision making of SMEs in emerging economies.
Nuclear battery: a source of environmentally friendly energy
Authors: Ayodele Olukayode Lawrence , Sanusi Kazeem Oladele , Kahn Mohamed Tariq 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The nuclear battery technology depends on the spontaneous decay of the atomic nuclei of radioactive isotopes to generate electricity. One of the merits of a nuclear battery is its high-energy density, which can be around ten times higher than that of hydrogen fuel cells and a thousand times more than that of an electrochemical battery. A nuclear battery has an extremely long life and low maintenance and running costs coupled with applications in remote and hostile environmental environments. The rise of silicon technology has intensified research activities in the area of nuclear batteries. The paper aims to present a general overview of a nuclear battery.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a general overview of a nuclear battery and will significantly reduce reliance on non-renewable energy source. The requirement for long-lived power supplies have necessitated the pragmatic shift toward the realization of cleaner, safer and renewable energy sources.

Findings
Nuclear battery is a safe enabling technology for many applications including military and commercial applications. They have very long operating life under harsh environmental conditions. These cells demonstrate high potential for use in low power applications under a broad range of temperatures.

Originality/value
The nuclear battery technology has been receiving considerable in-depth research for applications that require long-life power sources.
Medication adherence and associated factors among elderly hypertension patients with uncontrolled blood pressure in rural area, Northeast Thailand
Authors: Woodham Nanthakan , Taneepanichskul Surasak , Somrongthong Ratana , Auamkul Nanta 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Hypertension is a common disease among elderly. Adherence to antihypertensive medication is a key predictor of optimal blood pressure control that prevents the risk of cardiovascular disease and potentially death. The purpose of this paper is to assess adherence to antihypertension and identify associated factors among the elderly in a rural area, Buengkan province, Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach
A health facilities based cross-sectional study was conducted in Buengkan district. A simple random sampling method was used to select 408 participants. A structured questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization STEPwise approach was used to collect data. The medication adherence level was identified by pill count with percentage ⩾70 defined as good adherence. Descriptive and summary statistics were used. Bivariate analysis was done using Pearson’s χ2 test, and multivariable analyses were also carried out.

Findings
A total of 408 (143 males and 265 females) elderly hypertension patients with uncontrolled blood pressure participated in this study. Most of the participants were found to have lower adherence to medication treatment (86.8 percent), whereas the remaining ones (13.2 percent) were found to have good adherence. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that having a daughter as a care taker (adjust odd ratio=7.99, 95% confidence interval: 1.23–51.778) was significantly associated with high medical adherence.

Originality/value
Hypertension medication adherence among elderly patients with uncontrolled blood pressure was poor. Having a care taker, especially a daughter, is a key to improve adherence. Effective strategy to improve adherence should focus on and involve family participation into the program.
Place satisfaction revisited: residents’ perceptions of “a good place to live”
Authors: Källström Lisa , Hultman Jens 
Published: December 2018

PurposeUsing service-based logic as its theoretical lens, this study aims to approach residents’ place satisfaction in a novel way. The purpose is to explore residents’ perception of the place in which they live and to shed new light on their place satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on explorative qualitative focus group research. Data were collected in two typical municipalities in southern Sweden. The sampling procedure was purposive, resulting in six focus groups, consisting of a total of 33 residents. The empirical material was transcribed and analyzed using a structured content analysis inspired by grounded theory.FindingsA model for understanding residents’ perceptions of what constitutes a good place to live is introduced. The model shows that many value propositions are produced in the provider sphere, independent of the user, for example by the municipality or the business sector. Other value propositions are co-created in a joint sphere, meaning that the user is actively involved in the production of these value propositions. The resident then uses different value propositions to create value-in-use in the resident sphere, independent of the provider, and to co-create value-in-use in the joint sphere.Originality/valueThe study creates a bridge between the stream of research on place satisfaction and studies that take stakeholders and co-creation into consideration; it shifts from the prevalent provider perspective on place branding and static place attributes to a focus on the relationship between users and providers.