bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferroic domains regulate photocurrent in single-crystalline CH3NH3PbI3 films self-grown on FTO/TiO2 substrate
Authors: Huang Boyuan , Kong Guoli , Esfahani Ehsan Nasr , Chen Shulin , Li Qian , Yu Junxi , Xu Ningan , Zhang Ying , Xie Shuhong , Wen Haidan , Gao Peng , Zhao Jinjin , Li Jiangyu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhotovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of halide perovskite solar cells has risen spectacularly, yet the very crystalline structure of CH3NH3PbI3 remains ambiguous after extensive researches, and its polar nature remains hotly debated. Here we present compelling evidences that CH3NH3PbI3 crystals self-grown on FTO/TiO2 substrate consist of ferroic domains with alternating polar and nonpolar orders, in contrast to previous experimental and theoretical expectations, and polar domains possess reduced photocurrent. It is found that polar and nonpolar orders of CH3NH3PbI3 can be distinguished from their distinct lateral piezoresponse, energy dissipation, first and second harmonic electromechanical couplings, and temperature variation, even though their difference in crystalline lattice is very subtle, and they possess two-way memory effect through cubic-tetragonal phase transition. We hope these findings resolve key questions regarding polar nature of CH3NH3PbI3 and its implication on photovoltaics, reconcile contradictory data widely reported, and point a direction toward engineering ferroic domains for enhanced PCE.
Acoustic Reflex Testing in Neonatal Hearing Screening and Subsequent Audiological Evaluation
Authors: Jacob-Corteletti Lilian Cássia Bórnia , Araújo Eliene Silva , Duarte Josilene Luciene , Zucki Fernanda , Alvarenga Kátia de Freitas 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The aims of the study were to examine the acoustic reflex screening and threshold in healthy neonates and those at risk of hearing loss and to determine the effect of birth weight and gestational age on acoustic stapedial reflex (ASR).

Method
We assessed 18 healthy neonates (Group I) and 16 with at least 1 risk factor for hearing loss (Group II); all of them passed the transient evoked otoacoustic emission test that assessed neonatal hearing. The test battery included an acoustic reflex screening with activators of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz and broadband noise and an acoustic reflex threshold test with all of them, except for the broadband noise activator.

Results
In the evaluated neonates, the main risk factors were the gestational age at birth and a low birth weight; hence, these were further analyzed. The lower the gestational age at birth and birth weight, the less likely that an acoustic reflex would be elicited by pure-tone activators. This effect was significant at the frequencies of 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz for gestational age at birth and at the frequencies of 1 and 2 kHz for birth weight. When the broadband noise stimulus was used, a response was elicited in all neonates in both groups. When the pure-tone stimulus was used, the Group II showed the highest acoustic reflex thresholds and the highest percentage of cases with an absent ASR. The ASR threshold varied from 50 to 100 dB HL in both groups. Group II presented higher mean ASR thresholds than Group I, this difference being significant at frequencies of 1, 2, and 4 kHz.

Conclusions
Birth weight and gestational age at birth were related to the elicitation of the acoustic reflex. Neonates with these risk factors for hearing impairment were less likely to exhibit the acoustic reflex and had higher thresholds.
Blood Pressure and Cognitive Performance After a Single Administration of a Camphor-Crataegus Combination in Adolescents with Low Blood Pressure
Authors: Schandry Rainer , Lindauer Daniela , Mauz Matthias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLow blood pressure is rather widespread among adolescents and frequently accompanied by complaints. Two single-center, double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trials were performed with adolescent participants in the age range of 14 – 17 y having a systolic blood pressure below 118 mmHg (boys) or 110 mmHg (girls). They received a single dose of 20 drops of a fixed combination of natural D-camphor and an ethanolic extract from fresh Crataegus berries (CCC) or of an ethanolic placebo. The efficacy of CCC (commercial name Korodin) has proven its efficacy in the treatment of low blood pressure in adults of all ages, although related placebo-controlled, double-blind studies for adolescents following European (EU) pediatric regulations are lacking. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed during a rest period, prior to substance administration, 1 min thereafter, and after about 5 min. Additionally, performance was assessed by two cognitive tests. After administration of CCC, a significantly greater rise in blood pressure occurred compared to placebo. In the cognitive tasks, no significant differences were observed. No adverse events or subjective complaints were reported at the final examination; thus, the present study provides evidence for the safety and tolerability of CCC after a single administration.
Dental Imaging – A basic guide for the radiologist
Authors: Masthoff Max , Gerwing Mirjam , Masthoff Malte , Timme Maximilian , Kleinheinz Johannes , Berninger Markus , Heindel Walter , Wildgruber Moritz , Schülke Christoph 
Published: June 2018

Background As dental imaging accounts for approximately 40 % of all X-ray examinations in Germany, profound knowledge of this topic is essential not only for the dentist but also for the clinical radiologist. This review focuses on basic imaging findings regarding the teeth. Therefore, tooth structure, currently available imaging techniques and common findings in conserving dentistry including endodontology, periodontology, implantology and dental trauma are presented.
Methods Literature research on the current state of dental radiology was performed using Pubmed.
Results and Conclusion Currently, the most frequent imaging techniques are the orthopantomogram (OPG) and single-tooth radiograph, as well as computer tomography (CT) and cone beam CT mainly for implantology (planning or postoperative control) or trauma indications. Especially early diagnosis and correct classification of a dental trauma, such as dental pulp involvement, prevents from treatment delays or worsening of therapy options and prognosis. Furthermore, teeth are commonly a hidden focus of infection.Since radiologists are frequently confronted with dental imaging, either concerning a particular question such as a trauma patient or regarding incidental findings throughout head and neck imaging, further training in this field is more than worthwhile to facilitate an early and sufficient dental treatment.
Key points
Citation Format
Effects of Acute Stress on Thrombosis
Authors: Bentur Ohad , Sarig Galit , Brenner Benjamin , Jacob Giris 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStress, the nonspecific response to any demand for change, is an adaptive response of the human body to various stimulants. As such, stress-induced hypercoagulation may represent an adaptive response to bleeding. Numerous epidemiological studies have revealed that a correlation exists between stress and thrombotic risk and biochemically, links of the relationship between psychological stress and coagulation pathways have been made. The stress reaction is coupled with neurohormonal changes mediated mainly by the sympathetic neural system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Singling out the specific pathways affecting coagulation in this complex response is hampered by many confounders. The mediators of the stress reaction (neurotransmitters and hormones) can directly affect platelets and the coagulation cascade and indirectly affect hemostasis via changes in hemodynamics. In this review, the authors will delineate the distinct neurobiological mechanisms that govern the effects of stress on coagulation, and report their recent findings.
Identification of a common immune regulatory pathway induced by small heat shock proteins, amyloid fibrils, and nicotine
Authors: Rothbard Jonathan B. , Rothbard Jesse J. , Soares Luis , Fathman C. Garrison , Steinman Lawrence 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The identification of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 NAChR) as the principal receptor for amyloid fibrils and small heat shock proteins clarifies their mechanism of immune suppression. The discovery of the receptor allows previous experiments using amyloid fibrils to be interpreted based on the extensive body of literature detailing the NAChR signaling pathway. In addition, the data further support the realization that amyloid fibrils are immune suppressive, which may be an important factor in neurodegenerative diseases. The demonstration that NAChR agonists are effective in limiting ischemia and autoimmunity emphasizes that the α7-specific partial agonists, which failed in clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia, could be reconsidered as therapeutics for a spectrum of inflammatory indications.
Spinoza and the problem of other substances
Authors: Barry Galen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMost of Spinoza’s arguments for God’s existence do not rely on any special feature of God, but instead on merely general features of substance. This raises the following worry: those arguments prove the existence of non-divine substances just as much as they prove God’s existence, and yet there is not enough room in Spinoza’s system for all these substances. I argue that Spinoza attempts to solve this problem by using a principle of plenitude to rule out the existence of other substances and that the principle cannot be derived from the PSR, as many claim.Abbreviation:PSR: Principle of Sufficient Reason
A Case of Bilateral Nocardia francinia Adrenal Abscesses in an Intravenous Drug–Using Splenectomized Patient With Tricuspid Endocarditis
Authors: Jackson Lesley E , Shorman Mahmoud 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Adrenal abscesses due to disseminated nocardiosis are exceedingly rare in clinical practice, and to date only 8 cases have been reported in the literature, most of which were confined to a single adrenal gland. These infections often occur in patients with underlying immune deficiency. We report a rare case of bilateral nocardial adrenal abscesses in an intravenous drug–using splenectomized patient that presumably originated from direct inoculation using intravenous opana, as his admission chest radiograph was normal.
National survey of Salmonella prevalence in lymph nodes of sows and market hogs1
Authors: Bessire Baylee C , Thomas Milton , Gehring Kerri B , Savell Jeffrey W , Griffin Davey B , Taylor T Matthew , Mikel W Benjy , Campbell Jonathan A , Arnold Ashley N , Scaria Joy 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Livestock are known to harbor Salmonella in their gastrointestinal (GI) tract and lymphatic tissues. Pathogens may be transferred from the GI tract to external carcass surfaces during normal harvest procedures but can be mitigated by antimicrobial carcass interventions. Lymph nodes (LNs) are typically encased in fat and are protected from antimicrobial carcass surface treatments, thus serving as a possible root cause of foodborne illnesses attributed to Salmonella in meat products. Members of the pork industry are committed to food safety and want to better understand Salmonella as a potential contaminant in pork products. To establish a baseline of Salmonella prevalence in porcine LNs across the United States, 21 commercial pork harvest facilities, representing northern (n = 12) or southern (n = 9) geographical regions, participated in this study. As processing volumes allowed, 25 carcasses were selected from each establishment. From each carcass, left and right superficial inguinal LNs (n =1,014 LNs) were removed and pooled to yield one sample per animal or n = 507 total LN samples. Salmonella prevalence rates differed (P &lt; 0.05) between hog types in both regions. Specifically, 6.4% of market hog and 37.0% of sow samples were Salmonella positive in the northern region. This was reversed in the southern region as 13.0% of market hog and 4.8% of sow samples were Salmonella positive. There also was a difference (P &lt; 0.05) in prevalence rates between northern and southern regions for sows, but not market hogs (P &gt; 0.05). Type of chilling method (conventional, blast, or other) used at each market hog facility (n = 12) was documented. In the northern region, prevalence rates of Salmonella across chilling types were as follows: 20.0%, 2.7%, and 1.3% positive samples for conventional, other, and blast chill methods, respectively. In the southern region, 20.0% of samples were positive for conventional, 0.0% for blast, and 12.0% for other chilling methods. In both regions, samples from conventionally chilled carcasses returned more (P &lt; 0.05) positive results than any other chill method. Overall, the higher rate of Salmonella prevalence in northern sows warrants further investigation, and members of the pork industry would benefit from the identification of possible methods to address the presence of Salmonella in porcine LNs.
Chirality provides a direct fitness advantage and facilitates intermixing in cellular aggregates
Authors: George Ashish B. , Korolev Kirill S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractShort AbstractIs it better to be left- or right-handed? The answer depends on whether the goal is making a handshake or winning a boxing match. The need for coordination favors the handedness of the majority, but being different could also provide an advantage. The same rules could apply to microbial colonies and cancer tumors. Like humans, cells often have handedness (chirality) that reflects the lack of mirror symmetry in their shapes or movement patterns. We find that cells gain a substantial fitness advantage by either increasing the magnitude of their chirality or switching to the opposite handedness. Selection for specific chirality is mediated by the formation of bulges along the colony edge in regions where cells with different chiralities meet.Long AbstractChirality in shape and motility can evolve rapidly in microbes and cancer cells. To determine how chirality affects cell fitness, we developed a model of chiral growth in compact aggregates such as microbial colonies and solid tumors. Our model recapitulates previous experimental findings and shows that mutant cells can invade by increasing their chirality or switching their handedness. The invasion results either in a takeover or stable coexistence between the mutant and the ancestor depending on their relative chirality. For large chiralities, the coexistence is accompanied by strong intermixing between the cells, while spatial segregation occurs otherwise. We show that the competition within the aggregate is mediated by bulges in regions where the cells with different chiralities meet. The two-way coupling between aggregate shape and natural selection is described by the chiral Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation coupled to the Burgers’ equation with multiplicative noise. We solve for the key features of this theory to explain the origin of selection on chirality. Overall, our work suggests that chirality could be an important ecological trait that mediates competition, invasion, and spatial structure in cellular populations.
Look before you jump: jumping spiders discriminate different ants by visual cues
Authors: Vijayan Sajesh , Casiker Chethana , Uma Divya 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnts, being ubiquitous, aggressive, and top predators, play a predominant role in terrestrial ecosystems. Jumping spiders are another prominent invertebrate predator that are present in similar habitats as that of ants. Most jumping spiders are thought to avoid ants, yet little is known if they discriminate among them. In this study we examined the response of jumping spider genusPlexippustowards three different ant species (Oecophylla smaragdina, the weaver ants;Camponotus sericeusthe golden-back carpenter ants, andLeptogenys processionalis, the procession ants). In a behavioral assay that excluded tactile and chemical cues, we tested if spiders distinguish the three ants by visual cues alone. We recorded and analysed behaviors such as ‘look’, ‘approach’, ‘stalk’, ‘attack’, and ‘avoidance’ by spiders towards ants. Our results show that the three ants differ in their color, movement and aggressive behavior. Spiders gave ‘short looks’ to live ants, suggesting movement is important in detecting ants. Furthermore, spiders gave significantly more ‘long looks’ to procession and golden-back ants compared to weaver ants. Spiders approached, stalked and attacked procession ants more compared to weaver ants. Numerous jumping spiders and ants overlap in their habitat, and it is advantageous to selectively avoid some ants over others. Our results suggests that jumping spiders can indeed distinguish ants that co-occur in their habitat by visual cues alone, however, the precise nature of visual cues warrants further studies.
Using action research for change in organizations: processes, reflections and outcomes
Authors: Molineux John 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary and recommendations on systemic approaches to designing and implementing change in organisations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a viewpoint on successful change management techniques using action research based on experience in the use of systemic thinking and systems practices.FindingsThe use of a systems approach to change using relevant systems practices enables more successful change outcomes.Practical implicationsChange management practitioners should utilise systemic approaches to enable more successful change implementation.Originality/valueThe paper provides valuable advice for practitioners and researchers in change management through the author’s unique experience in systemic change processes.
On the Matter of Resources and Techno‐Politics: The Case of Water and Iron in the South Indian Iron Age
Authors: Johansen Peter G. , Bauer Andrew M. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTWater management and iron production were two socio‐technical practices deeply entrained with the politics of emerging social distinctions in northern Karnataka during the South Indian Iron Age (1200–300 BCE). In this article, we approach resources by building a theoretical convergence between “resource materialities” and “techno‐politics,” which allows us to assess the historically specific constitution of certain materials as culturally valued resources while maintaining analytical attention on how assemblages of technical practices and active material properties shape social conditions. By differentially anticipating and responding to the social and material distributions of a range of dynamic matter (for example, granitic rock, iron ores, bloom, and metal, water, soils, and vegetation), Iron Age peoples transformed substances into resources and simultaneously produced a historically unique political sociology of resource relations. Our approach dissolves the processual distinction between natural resource and cultural product and directs attention to how substances become resources through ongoing historical articulations of humans and nonhumans in contexts oriented by cultural values. Contrasting the material properties and distributions of iron and water resource assemblages allows us to more fully understand the distinctiveness of different forms of techno‐politics and resource relations within the same cultural and historical context. [resource materialities, techno‐politics, resource assemblage, entrainment, South Indian Iron Age]
Perioperative Anaphylaxis Including Kounis Syndrome due to Selective Cefazolin Allergy
Authors: Mota Inês , Gaspar Ângela , Morais-Almeida Mário 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Perioperative use of cefazolin has been associated with severe allergic reactions, and patients are usually labelled as allergic to penicillin afterwards. The aim of our study was to describe a group of patients with immediate reactions to cefazolin, with proven selective hypersensitivity reactions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Systematic review of all patients followed at our drug centre with cefazolin-related reactions, between January 2012 and December 2016. All patients were investigated according to the European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA) recommendations through skin testing (major and minor penicillin determinants, penicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone) and oral challenges tests. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We included 7 patients (median age 40 years) with perioperative anaphylactic reactions immediately after cefazolin injection, 4 with hypotension and 1 with Kounis syndrome (KS) type I. The presence of a selective IgE-mediated hypersensitivity through positive skin tests to cefazoline has been proven in all patients. Two patients experienced systemic reactions during skin testing. All patients were successfully challenged with amoxicillin, and they tolerated cefuroxime. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Cefazolin can be responsible for immediate severe allergic reactions in perioperative setting, including KS. Allergological workup is essential for an accurate diagnosis and to explore cross-reactivity between cefazolin and other beta-lactams. Our experience confirmed that patients with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to cefazolin can tolerate other beta-lactams. This selective pattern of clinical reactivity may be explained by its particular chemical structure, whose R1 side-chain is different from other beta-lactams.
Ne De Fide Presumant Disputare: Legal Regulations of Interreligious Debate and Disputation in the Middle Ages
Authors: Tolan John 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
On March 4th, 1233, in his bull Sufficere debuerat perfidie Iudeorum, Pope Gregory IX complains to the bishops and archbishops of Germany of the many “perfidies” of the German Jews, including their “blasphemies” against the Christian religion, which, he fears, may have an ill effect on Christians, particularly converts from Judaism. He orders the bishops to prohibit Jews from presuming to dispute with Christians and to prevent Christians from participating in such disputations through ecclesiastical censure.
Gregory clearly thought that it was dangerous to allow informal discussions or debates about religion between Jews and Christian laymen. At the same time, he was instrumental in the promotion of the two new mendicant orders and in the encouragement of their missionary efforts towards Jews (and to a lesser extent Muslims). Over the course of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the Dominicans in particular became specialists of religious disputation. Laymen were increasingly discouraged or prohibited from engaging in such disputation by both ecclesiastical and royal legislation.
This article will examine several key texts involving the dangers of interreligious debate and discussion in the Middle Ages from the perspective of Christian authorities (ecclesiastical, royal or other). Various authors, from Tertullian to Joinville, expressed misgiving about the effects such debate could have on Christian participants and bystanders, and various medieval legal texts, civil and canon, sought to limit or prohibit such debate.
The Rabbi and the Mancebo: Arévalo and the Location of Affinities in the Fifteenth Century
Authors: Gutwirth Eleazar 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The background to this paper is the difference between occasionally atemporal and multinational approaches and local, historical approaches to religious ideas and encounters. The chosen example is that of two authors from one town (Arévalo) and one historical moment (fifteenth-century Castile). The article attempts firstly to identify stylistic, rhetorical, and literary elements in the historiographic traditions about the reputation of the town. Secondly it points to the changes in the status of the town in the late Middle Ages that affected Christians, Muslims, and Jews. Thirdly, after identifying certain tendencies in the writings of the two authors from the town, one Muslim (known as the Mancebo de Arévalo) and the other Jewish, Rabbi Yosef ibn Ṣaddiq de Arévalo, it searches for affinities and common elements in their attitudes.