bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on modal behaviour of FGM annular plate under hygrothermal effect
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Singh Rahul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates modal characteristics of FGM annular plate under hygrothermal effect. The mechanical properties are supposed to have a continuous variation along the thickness of the plate. The power law or sigmoid law functions are used to govern the resultant mechanical properties. The MUMPS eigen solver which is exists in COMSOL Multiphysics® (version 5.2) software is employed to obtain the eigenfrequencies and corresponding mode shapes. The accuracy of the method is validated by comparing the results with the results published work for particular case. Effects of functionally graded index, radius- to-thickness ratio, and temperature and moisture changes on the natural frequencies are discussed in detail. An excessive stress due to drastic moisture and temperature gradients make the engineering structures susceptible to failure. Due to the fact that, continuously identified natural frequencies of vibration under temperature and moisture effect can provide unique information during both initial fabrication and service life of different mechanical structures. Hence, this study can be helpful directly or indirectly in development of highly efficient environmental sensors that are very necessary in a structural health monitoring perspective. It can be observed that the fundamental frequency decreases with increase in functionally graded index and the moisture content rise under the power law model whereas under sigmoid law model the frequencies remain almost constant with increase in functionally graded index.
Influence of S0 Type of Addendum Modification on Sliding Performance of Spur Gears
Authors: Niranjan Y C , Prithvi C , Sridhara B K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of S0 type of addendum modification on sliding velocity of the involute spur gear has been studied. For the analysis four critical points such as Beginning of Engagement, Low Point of Single Tooth Contact, High Point of Single Tooth Contact and Disengagement point corresponding to pinion are considered. Length of approach and length of recess for modified gears are evaluated. Effects of addendum modification on contact fatigue life and wear prediction are discussed. Product of contact stress and sliding velocity ( σh
* Vs
) at critical points for varied addendum modification factor X are evaluated, and its effect on sliding velocity has been analysed. Effect of change in value (σh
* Vs
) at critical points of contact for modified gear pair on Hertzian fatigue is discussed.
Vibration based real time brake health monitoring system – A machine learning approach
Authors: Alamelu Manghai T M , Jegadeeshwaran R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In an automobile, the brake system is the most important control component which ensures the safety of both passengers and vehicles. The continuous application of the brake causes the system gets faulty due to reasons like wear, mechanical fade, oil leak, etc., These faults or failures need to be monitored using proper monitoring techniques in order to avoid the incidents that may lead to accidents. Thus, the continuous monitoring of the brake system is very much essential for the safety of the vehicle. In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out for monitoring the brake system using vibration signals. An experimental setup which resembles the brake system was fabricated. The vibration signals were acquired under various brake condition such as good and faulty. From the acquired vibration signals, the features were extracted using statistical feature extraction techniques and feature selection was carried out. The selected features were then classifieds using a set of tree family classifiers such as random forest, random tree, LMT and decision tree. The classification accuracy of all the algorithms was compared and discussed.
Impact of Adaboost and Support Vector Machine Classifier in Automotive Sector
Authors: Frederick Graceson Jeriel , Sakthivel G , Jagadeeshwaran  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The automobile industry is moving towards complete automation of vehicles. While the automation of vehicles can reduce the workload to human beings, we also need to make sure that safety is not compromised in the process. One of the integral components of the automation of vehicles is the detection of several obstacles. Obstacles may include lamp post, pedestrians, animals, vehicles, etc. This project involves detection of commercial vehicles that are present in front of the host vehicle and is limited only to far and middle region. The classification is done in two steps: Adaboost Training and Support Vector Machine Training. Adaboost being a weak classifier is used to reduce the reaction time of the entire system. Even though the classifier does not produce more accurate results it will reduce the time taken for classification considerably. Support Vector Machine algorithm will produce better classification result as it makes use of a hyperplane to separate between the classes. Support Vector Machine being a strong classifier gives better result but increases the reaction time taken for classification. In order to counter this problem Adaboost Training is done. Adaboost is a set of weak classifiers which will classify at a better speed but the results may not be accurate. Therefore, this Adaboost classification is done at first and only the positive classification from the Adaboost classifier are sent for Support Vector Machine classification. This will make sure that more time will not be used for the Support Vector Machine classification. Based on the classification if the result specifies that there is an object, the distance will be computed. Based on the distance and the speed of the host vehicle, the time to avoid collision can be calculated. The needs to be a lookup table to match different time frames with reduction of gears and the speed respectively. The ECU will manage the speed variation and the gear shift required through the control system that will give the time to avoid collision as the output. Therefore, the collision can be avoided by obstacle detection and computation of distance of the object.
199 Hospital Discharges for Acute Stroke in Ireland: National Data 2005-2017
Authors: Coveney Sarah , McCabe John J , Marnane Michael , Kelly P J , Murphy Sean 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Acute stroke and its aftermath is the commonest cause of acquired disability amongst community dwelling adults.
Analysis of hospital discharge rates over time and the influence of patient age is important and may offer important insights on how best to configure stroke prevention and clinical services.
Here, we analyse hospital discharge data for Ireland for 2005-2017.

Methods
A retrospective review of stroke discharges, with a primary diagnosis of stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage, was performed.
National data on acute hospital discharge from all acute hospitals in Ireland was obtained from the Hospital Inpatient Patient Enquiry (HIPE) database for discharges between 1st January 2005 and 31st December 2017.
Results were examined across 4 age groups; 15-49 years, 49 to 64 years, 65 to 80 years and >80 years.
Age specific acute stroke hospital discharge rates were calculated using Irish population census data.

Results
There has been a steady increase in the incidence of ischaemic stroke in those between 15- 49 years between 2005-2017 (0.08 v 0.18 per 1,000 patient-years). Rates of haemorrhagic stroke remained stable. A similar increase was noted in those aged 50-64 years.
There is a small downward trend in the incidence of ischaemic stroke in the 65-80 year age category (4.31 v 3.82 per 1000-patient years), with the biggest decrease in females. Stroke rates in the over 80s has remained stable.

Conclusion
Better understanding is needed of the risk factors underlying this worrying trend.
Clinical service providers will need to adapt to better deal with the challenges specific to stroke at younger age.
Severe Attack of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura With Neurological Involvement During Adalimumab Treatment for Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Condamina Morgane , Diaz Emmanuelle , Jamart Céline , Loget Jeffrey , Durlach Anne , Salmon Jean-Hugues , Cadiot Guillaume , Viguier Manuelle 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] inhibitors have revolutionised the management of chronic inflammatory conditions. A number of cutaneous adverse events have been reported with TNF inhibition, including vasculitis. Most reactions are mild and rarely warrant treatment withdrawal. Here we describe a patient with Crohn’s disease treated with adalimumab in whom severe multivisceral Henoch-Schönlein purpura developed, including neurological involvement, requiring definitive TNF blocker withdrawal.
Longitudinal Changes in Depressive Symptoms and Risks of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Li Haibin , Qian Frank , Hou Chenbei , Li Xia , Gao Qi , Luo Yanxia , Tao Lixin , Yang Xinghua , Wang Wei , Zheng Deqiang , Guo Xiuhua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
There remains a relative paucity of evidence for the association between changes in depressive symptoms with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the association of change in depressive symptoms and incident CVD and mortality in a large prospective cohort of middle-aged and older adults.

Methods
A total of 6,810 participants free of CVD in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study with two assessments of depressive symptoms at wave 1 (2011–2012) and wave 2 (2013–2014) were included. Elevated depressive symptoms were defined as a score of ≥12 on the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. We used a modified Poisson regression to examine the association of changes in depressive symptoms (never, onset, remitted, and persistent) and incident CVD (a composite endpoint of heart disease or stroke) and mortality at wave 3 (2015–2016).

Results
During follow-up, 457 CVDs and 148 deaths occurred. Multivariable analyses revealed that persistent depressive symptoms were associated with an elevated risk of CVD (risk ratio = 1.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.38–2.26) and mortality (risk ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–2.64) compared with participants without any depressive symptoms. New-onset depressive symptoms increased the mortality risk (risk ratio = 2.37, 95% confidence interval = 1.52–3.69), but not CVD (risk ratio = 1.15, 95% confidence interval = 0.84–1.58). Remitted depressive symptoms were associated with a 35% and 13% excess risk of CVD and mortality, respectively.

Conclusion
Persistent and remitted depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of CVD. New-onset depressive symptoms predicted elevated mortality risk.
Comparison of seismic interferometry techniques for the retrieval of seismic body waves in CO2 sequestration monitoring
Authors: Cao Haitao , Askari Roohollah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAmbient noise seismic interferometry performed by cross-correlation has been proven to be a potential cost-effective technique for geological studies. To improve the resolution of images created by interferometry, additional techniques using deconvolution and cross-coherence have been introduced. While all three methods have previously been evaluated using surface wave data for shear-wave imaging of the near surface, comparatively little study has been devoted to assess the three methods for the retrieval of body waves in reflection surveys for time-lapse application. Moreover, although the application of seismic interferometry to CO2 sequestration by cross-correlation has been investigated by many researchers, to our knowledge, similar time-lapse studies have not been conducted using deconvolution and cross-coherence methods. We evaluate the three methods of cross-correlation, deconvolution and cross-coherence for the retrieval of phase information contained in virtual seismic records by applying seismic interferometry to synthetic data, using a model reservoir before and after CO2 injection. By examining two approaches of regularization and smoothing factors to suppress spurious reflection events observed on the deconvolution and cross-coherence results, we note that both approaches provide similar results. We investigate noise effects by adding random noise independently at each geophone. Finally, we apply these techniques to field data recorded near the CO2 storage site in Ketzin, Germany. For both our numerical and field data studies, we find that the cross-coherence technique retrieves the phase information of body-wave data more effectively than the cross-correlation and deconvolution techniques, and is less sensitive to uncorrelated noise from shallow sources.
Online dictionary learning method for extracting GPR diffractions
Authors: Zhao Jingtao , Yu Caixia , Peng Suping , Chen Zongnan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDiffractions in a Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) data carry significant responses from near-surface small-scale fractures or karsts. However, this geological information is generally difficult to extract because of the shielding effect of strong reflections from subsurface layers. In order to solve this problem, a GPR diffraction extraction method is proposed for individually separating and imaging of GPR diffractions that incorporates a local plane-wave destruction filter with an online dictionary learning algorithm. The strong reflections are estimated and eliminated by the local plane-wave destruction method and the weak GPR diffractions are extracted by a sparse coding algorithm. In solving this model, a trust-region algorithm is used for accelerating the sparse coding procedures that can scale up gracefully to a large GPR data processing. A numerical experiment demonstrates the good performance of the proposed method in destroying strong reflections and enhancing weak diffractions from small-scale void holes. Real data application further verifies its potential value in resolving fine details of subsurface small-scale buried targets, such as pipes or void holes.
Positive Bacterial Culture Results at a Dermatologic Surgery Center: A Single-Site Retrospective Review
Authors: Dietert Jessica B. , Ko James , Hurst Eva. A. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND
Typical prophylactic coverage of suspected cutaneous surgical-site infections (SSIs) predominantly covers gram-positive bacteria. Data regarding the frequency of infection with unusual bacteria, not covered by prophylaxis, are not available.

OBJECTIVE
A retrospective 10-year review of culture-positive infections at a single academic site was performed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
All positive bacterial culture results at the Washington University Center for Dermatologic and Cosmetic Surgery between October 31, 2007, and October 31, 2017, were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS
Coagulase-negative staphylococcus accounted for 20.8% of positive culture results. Staphylococcus aureus caused 45.4% of infections. The remaining 33.8% were due to non–S. aureus bacteria, most frequently with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.8%). Numerous other gram-negative organisms and unusual gram-positive organisms were cultured. The lower extremity and ear were the only sites more likely to be infected with non–S. aureus bacteria. Smokers and immunosuppressed individuals were not more likely to have an SSI with non–S. aureus bacteria.

CONCLUSION
A significant proportion of all SSIs with positive culture results was due to bacteria that are not sensitive to beta-lactam prophylaxis. Broader coverage for suspected SSI should be considered, particularly on the lower extremity and ear.
Combination Therapy of Microneedle Fractional Radiofrequency and Topical Poly-Lactic Acid for Acne Scars: A Randomized Controlled Split-Face Study
Authors: An Min K. , Hong Eun H. , Suh Suk B. , Park Eun J. , Kim Kwang H. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND
Acne scarring occurs at a young age and causes distress for many patients. Various treatment modalities have been tried.

OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the efficacy of combination therapy with topical poly-lactic acid and microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MFRF) for acne scars.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients with acne scars on both the cheeks were included. Poly-lactic acid was applied to the acne scars on one side of the face before MFRF treatment. The other side of the face was treated with MFRF and normal saline. Patients received 3 treatment sessions and were evaluated based on visual assessment and patient satisfaction. After the last treatment, objective scar assessment of scar smoothness, size, brightness, and overall improvement was performed.

RESULTS
Both acne scar assessment scores and patient satisfaction were better with combination therapy (p = .036 and p = .009, respectively) than with monotherapy. Combination therapy resulted in significantly better efficacy for scar smoothness (p < .001), scar size (p = .003), and overall improvement (p < .001), but not for brightness (p = .151).

CONCLUSION
Combination therapy resulted in significantly better clinical outcomes, including better scar smoothness and smaller scar size. Therefore, we believe this combination therapy is a safe and effective treatment for acne scars.
Early Life Exposure to Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: McGuinn Laura A. , Windham Gayle C. , Kalkbrenner Amy E. , Bradley Chyrise , Di Qian , Croen Lisa A. , Fallin M. Daniele , Hoffman Kate , Ladd-Acosta Christine , Schwartz Joel , Rappold Ana G. , Richardson David B. , Neas Lucas M. , Gammon Marilie D. , Schieve Laura A. , Daniels Julie L. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Epidemiologic studies have reported associations between prenatal and early postnatal air pollution exposure and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, findings differ by pollutant and developmental window.

Objectives:
We examined associations between early life exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) and ozone in association with ASD across multiple US regions.

Methods:
Our study participants included 674 children with confirmed ASD and 855 population controls from the Study to Explore Early Development, a multi-site case–control study of children born from 2003 to 2006 in the United States. We used a satellite-based model to assign air pollutant exposure averages during several critical periods of neurodevelopment: 3 months before pregnancy; each trimester of pregnancy; the entire pregnancy; and the first year of life. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for study site, maternal age, maternal education, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal smoking, and month and year of birth.

Results:
The air pollution–ASD associations appeared to vary by exposure time period. Ozone exposure during the third trimester was associated with ASD, with an OR of 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.4) per 6.6 ppb increase in ozone. We additionally observed a positive association with PM2.5 exposure during the first year of life (OR = 1.3 [95% CI: 1.0, 1.6] per 1.6 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5).

Conclusions:
Our study corroborates previous findings of a positive association between early life air pollution exposure and ASD, and identifies a potential critical window of exposure during the late prenatal and early postnatal periods.
The Effects of a 10-wk Outpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program on Exercise Performance, Muscle Strength, Soluble Biomarkers, and Quality of Life in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Koudstaal Thomas , Wapenaar Monique , van Ranst Dirk , Beesems Ruud , van den Toorn Leon , van den Bosch Annemien , Chandoesing Prewesh , Boomars Karin 
Published: October 2019

Purpose:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by right ventricular failure, leading to exertional dyspnea, skeletal muscle weakness, and poor quality of life (QOL). Apart from treatment with PAH-specific drugs, guidelines recommend pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Clinical PR programs have shown improvement in functional capacity and QOL. However, little is known about the effectiveness of an outpatient PR program. The aim of our study was to assess effectiveness of a multidisciplinary outpatient PR program.

Methods:
Patients with PAH or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), who were in a stable condition on optimized drug therapy, followed a 10-wk outpatient program in a rehabilitation center. The PR program was designed to improve exercise capacity and health status by means of low load cycling, walking, and muscle training twice a week combined with psychological counseling. QOL was measured by the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) questionnaire.

Results:
Twenty-one patients (13 women) with PAH (n = 16) or CTEPH (n = 5) completed the study. All patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III, and their mean age was 45 ± 16 yr. After PR, the mean cycling endurance time increased by 4.4 min (P < .001), 6-min walk distance by 12.2 m (P < .05), and maximum inspiratory pressure by 5.8 cm H2O (P = .01). Skeletal muscle function increased significantly. The CAMPHOR questionnaire demonstrated significant decrease in symptoms and improvement in QOL. Soluble biomarkers did not show any change before and after PR.

Conclusions:
Outpatient PR could be an effective instrument to improve exercise capacity and health status in patients with PAH or CTEPH.
Finding the evidence: Screening of Military Family Research, 2014–2017
Authors: Yablonsky Abigail Marter , Brock Whitney W. , Whalen Allyson E. , Melvin Kristal C. , Agazio Janice 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Of 1.3 million active duty service members, the majority have family responsibilities; 54.3% are married, and 41.2% have at least one child. The authors sought to determine existing areas of focus in military family research and to identify areas that are currently understudied. The authors queried four literature databases from January 2014 to May 2017, and 2,502 articles were identified in the initial catchment. All 595 article abstracts that met inclusion criteria were sorted into one or more of 12 topics. Topics with the highest number of articles included Mental Health and Care (n = 276), Adult/Couple Partner Relationships (n = 247), and Deployment Issues (n = 244). Topics with sparse articles included Maternal/Child & Newborn Health (n = 27), Health Promotion (n = 10), and Special Heath Care Needs (n = 4). The three topics with the highest number of articles reflect interdependent and overlapping themes and showcase the importance of family relationships to the operational readiness of active duty members. The topics with fewer numbers of articles highlight areas where more evidence is needed. Understanding the current evidence allows nurse practitioners to support military families appropriately in real time.