bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replacement of the L-iduronic acid unit of the anticoagulant pentasaccharide idraparinux by a 6-deoxy-L-talopyranose – Synthesis and conformational analysis
Authors: Demeter Fruzsina , Gyöngyösi Tamás , Bereczky Zsuzsanna , Kövér Katalin E. , Herczeg Mihály , Borbás Anikó 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOne critical part of the synthesis of heparinoid anticoagulants is the creation of the L-iduronic acid building block featured with unique conformational plasticity which is crucial for the anticoagulant activity. Herein, we studied whether a much more easily synthesizable sugar, the 6-deoxy-L-talose, built in a heparinoid oligosaccharide, could show a similar conformational plasticity, thereby can be a potential substituent of the L-idose. Three pentasaccharides related to the synthetic anticoagulant pentasaccharide idraparinux were prepared, in which the L-iduronate was replaced by a 6-deoxy-L-talopyranoside unit. The talo-configured building block was formed by C4 epimerisation of the commercially available L-rhamnose with high efficacy at both the monosaccharide and the disaccharide level. The detailed conformational analysis of these new derivatives, differing only in their methylation pattern, was performed and the conformationally relevant NMR parameters, such as proton-proton coupling constants and interproton distances were compared to the corresponding ones measured in idraparinux. The lack of anticoagulant activity of these novel heparin analogues could be explained by the biologically not favorable 1C4 chair conformation of their 6-deoxy-L-talopyranoside residues.
Advanced glycation end products accelerate calcification in VSMCs through HIF-1α/PDK4 activation and suppress glucose metabolism
Authors: Zhu Yi , Ma Wen-Qi , Han Xi-Qiong , Wang Ying , Wang Xin , Liu Nai-Feng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractArterial media calcification is associated with diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have shown that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are responsible for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), one of the major factors during hypoxia, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), an important mitochondrial matrix enzyme in cellular metabolism shift, have been reported in VSMC calcification. The potential link among HIF-1α, PDK4, and AGEs-induced vascular calcification was investigated in this study. We observed that AGEs elevated HIF-1α and PDK4 expression levels in a dose-dependent manner and that maximal stimulation was attained at 24 h. Two important HIF-1α-regulated genes, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), were significantly increased after AGEs exposure. Stabilization or nuclear translocation of HIF-1α increased PDK4 expression. PDK4 inhibition attenuated AGEs-induced VSMC calcification, which was evaluated by measuring the calcium content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression levels and by Alizarin red S staining. In addition, the glucose consumption, lactate production, key enzymes of glucose metabolism and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were decreased during AGEs-induced VSMC calcification. In conclusion, this study suggests that AGEs accelerate vascular calcification partly through the HIF-1α/PDK4 pathway and suppress glucose metabolism.
Oocyte growth, follicular complex formation and extracellular-matrix remodeling in ovarian maturation of the imperial zebra pleco fish Hypancistrus zebra
Authors: Viana Ivana Kerly S. , Gonçalves Liziane A. B. , Ferreira Maria Auxiliadora P. , Mendes Yanne A. , Rocha Rossineide M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis contribution describes the growth of oocytes, addressing the formation of structures that compose the follicular complex, as well as the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, specifically laminin, fibronectin and type IV collagen during gonadal maturation. Thirty-seven females of the Acari zebra fish,Hypancistrus zebrawere captured and the ovaries were submitted to histological processing for light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry techniques. Oogonia and four stages (I – IV) of oocytes were distinguished, and structures such as the postovulatory follicle and atretic oocytes (initial and advanced atresia) were observed. The follicular complex consists of the mature oocyte, zona radiata (Zr1, Zr2 and Zr3), follicular cells, basement membrane and theca. During oocyte growth, proteins of the extracellular matrix showed different intensities of staining. Based on these observations, a model of oocyte growth is proposed to define specific characteristics of the oocyte and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix in the ovary ofH.zebra. This model of oocyte growth can be extended to other species of ornamental fishes. This study contributes data for induced fertilization and eventual conservation of this species.
Infant-directed speech facilitates seven-month-old infants’ cortical tracking of speech
Authors: Kalashnikova Marina , Peter Varghese , Di Liberto Giovanni M. , Lalor Edmund C. , Burnham Denis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study assessed cortical tracking of temporal information in incoming natural speech in seven-month-old infants. Cortical tracking refers to the process by which neural activity follows the dynamic patterns of the speech input. In adults, it has been shown to involve attentional mechanisms and to facilitate effective speech encoding. However, in infants, cortical tracking or its effects on speech processing have not been investigated. This study measured cortical tracking of speech in infants and, given the involvement of attentional mechanisms in this process, cortical tracking of both infant-directed speech (IDS), which is highly attractive to infants, and the less captivating adult-directed speech (ADS), were compared. IDS is the speech register parents use when addressing young infants. In comparison to ADS, it is characterised by several acoustic qualities that capture infants’ attention to linguistic input and assist language learning. Seven-month-old infants’ cortical responses were recorded via electroencephalography as they listened to IDS or ADS recordings. Results showed stronger low-frequency cortical tracking of the speech envelope in IDS than in ADS. This suggests that IDS has a privileged status in facilitating successful cortical tracking of incoming speech which may, in turn, augment infants’ early speech processing and even later language development.
High-performance flexible metal-on-silicon thermocouple
Authors: Assumpcao Daniel , Kumar Shailabh , Narasimhan Vinayak , Lee Jongho , Choo Hyuck 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe have demonstrated metal-on-silicon thermocouples with a noticeably high Seebeck coefficient and an excellent temperature-sensing resolution. Fabrication of the thermocouples involved only simple photolithography and metal-liftoff procedures on a silicon substrate. The experimentally measured Seebeck coefficient of our thermocouple was 9.17 × 10−4 V/°K, which is 30 times larger than those reported for standard metal thin-film thermocouples and comparable to the values of alloy-based thin-film thermocouples that require sophisticated and costly fabrication processes. The temperature-voltage measurements between 20 to 80 °C were highly linear with a linearity coefficient of 1, and the experimentally demonstrated temperature-sensing resolution was 0.01 °K which could be further improved up to a theoretical limit of 0.00055 °K. Finally, we applied this approach to demonstrate a flexible metal-on-silicon thermocouple with enhanced thermal sensitivity. The outstanding performance of our thermocouple combined with an extremely thin profile, bending flexibility, and simple, highly-compatible fabrication will proliferate its use in diverse applications such as micro-/nanoscale biometrics, energy management, and nanoscale thermography.
A novel method for detection of camellia oil adulteration based on time-resolved emission fluorescence
Authors: Chen Hui , Chen Bin , Lu Daoli 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, time-resolved emission fluorescence (TRES) combined with chemometrics was developed and employed for adulteration analysis of camellia oil. TRES was first decomposed by parallel factors analysis (PARAFAC). Next, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was built for the adulteration analysis. A linear range of 5–50%, a limit of detection (LOD) of 3% and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values lower than 3% were achieved. Compared with the steady-state measurement, easy access to the information from fluorophores of low concentration was shown to be an intrinsic advantage of the time-resolved measurement; this advantageous characteristic was helpful for optimizing adulteration analysis. It was demonstrated that TRES combined with chemometrics was a simple, rapid and non-intrusive method for adulteration analysis of vegetable oil.
Antibiotic treatment of rat dams affects bacterial colonization and causes decreased weight gain in pups
Authors: Tulstrup Monica Vera-Lise , Roager Henrik Munch , Thaarup Ida Clement , Frandsen Henrik Lauritz , Frøkiær Hanne , Licht Tine Rask , Bahl Martin Iain 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntergenerational transmission of bacteria during birth initiates the natural successional development of the intestinal microbiota in mammals. This process can be disrupted by antibiotic exposure, potentially affecting early-life microbiota-dependent metabolic programming. In the present study, we specifically investigate the metabolic consequences of exposing neonate Wistar rats to an antibiotic-perturbed low-diversity microbiota from birth until weaning, without exposing the pups directly to antibiotics. Here, we show that pups born from both amoxicillin and vancomycin-treated dams gain less weight than controls. This was concordant with lower feed intake as well as increased colonic expression of the PYY satiety hormone gene at weaning. The weight difference persists into adulthood even though the initial differences in gut microbiota subsided. Our results demonstrate that early-life exposure to an antibiotic-perturbed low-diversity microbiota is sufficient to cause changes in body weight persisting into adulthood.
High‐energy storage and temperature stable dielectrics properties of lead‐free BiScO3 –BaTiO3 –x (Bi0.5 Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics
Authors: Xie Hang , Liu Guobao , Yang Ling , Xu Jiwen , Zhou Changrong , Zhang Haibo , Yuan Changlai , Chen Guohua , Qiu Wei , Wang Hua 
Published: September 2018

Lead‐free (1–x)(0.4BiScO3 –0.6BaTiO3)‐x (Bi0.5 Na0.5)TiO3 (BSBT–x BNT) ceramics were prepared by traditional ceramics preparation method. The energy storage characteristics, as well as dielectric spectrum curves of BSBT–x BNT ceramics, were systematically used in research. The ternary system formed perovskite solid solution with dense and homogenous microstructure. BSBT–x BNT ceramics exhibited slimmer and slanted hysteresis loops followed by higher saturation polarisation (P max) and lower remnant polarisation (P r), which induced high‐energy storage density of 1.39 J/cm3 (E  = 180 kV/cm). Ranging from 200 to 400°C, BSBT–x BNT ceramics had high permittivities, and a matching dielectric loss, which exhibited flat temperature coefficients of permittivity (TCɛ). The impedance spectroscopy analysis indicated that the non‐Debye relaxation mechanism existed in BSBT–x BNT ceramics. BSBT–x BNT ceramics may have potential application value for the high‐temperature capacitor.
Observational evidence in favor of scale-free evolution of sunspot groups
Authors: Shapoval A. , Le Mouël J.-L. , Shnirman M. , Courtillot V. 
Published: September 2018

Context.The hypothesis stating that the distribution of sunspot groups versus their size (φ) follows a power law in the domain of small groups was recently highlighted but rejected in favor of a Weibull distribution.Aims. In this paper we reconsider this question, and are led to the opposite conclusion.Methods.We have suggested a new definition of group size, namely the spatio-temporal “volume” (V) obtained as the sum of the observed daily areas instead of a single area associated with each group.Results.With this new definition of “size”, the width of the power-law part of the distributionφ∼ 1/Vβincreases from 1.5 to 2.5 orders of magnitude. The exponentβis close to 1. The width of the power-law part and its exponent are stable with respect to the different catalogs and computational procedures used to reduce errors in the data. The observed distribution is not fit adequately by a Weibull distribution.Conclusions.The existence of a wide 1/Vpart of the distributionφsuggests that self-organized criticality underlies the generation and evolution of sunspot groups and that the mechanism responsible for it is scale-free over a large range of sizes.
Focusing on the extended X-ray emission in 3C 459 with a Chandra follow-up observation
Authors: Maselli A. , Kraft R. P. , Massaro F. , Hardcastle M. J. 
Published: September 2018

Aims. We investigated the X-ray emission properties of the powerful radio galaxy 3C 459 revealed by a recent Chandra follow-up observation carried out in October 2014 with a 62 ks exposure.
Methods. We performed an X-ray spectral analysis from a few selected regions on an image obtained from this observation and also compared the X-ray image with a 4.9 GHz VLA radio map available in the literature.
Results. The dominant contribution comes from the radio core but significant X-ray emission is detected at larger angular separations from it, surrounding both radio jets and lobes. According to a scenario in which the extended X-ray emission is due to a plasma collisionally heated by jet-driven shocks and not magnetically dominated, we estimated its temperature to be ∼0.8 keV. This hot gas cocoon could be responsible for the radio depolarization observed in 3C 459, as recently proposed also for 3C 171 and 3C 305. On the other hand, our spectral analysis and the presence of an oxygen K edge, blueshifted at 1.23 keV, cannot exclude the possibility that the X-ray radiation originating from the inner regions of the radio galaxy could be intercepted by some outflow of absorbing material intervening along the line of sight, as already found in some BAL quasars.
The X-ray/UV ratio in active galactic nuclei: dispersion and variability
Authors: Chiaraluce E. , Vagnetti F. , Tombesi F. , Paolillo M. 
Published: September 2018

Context. The well established negative correlation between the αOX spectral slope and the optical/ultraviolet (UV) luminosity, a by-product of the relation between X-rays and optical/UV luminosity, is affected by relatively large dispersion. The main contributors to this dispersion can be variability in the X-ray/UV ratio and/or changes in fundamental physical parameters.
Aims. We want to quantify the contribution from variability within single sources (intra-source dispersion) and that from variations of other quantities different from source to source (inter-source dispersion).
Methods. We use archival data from the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalog (XMMSSC) and from the XMM-OM Serendipitous Ultraviolet Source Survey (XMMOM-SUSS3). We select a sub-sample in order to decrease the dispersion of the relation due to the presence of radio-loud and broad absorption line objects, and that due to absorptions in both X-ray and optical/UV bands. We use the structure function (SF) to estimate the contribution from variability to the dispersion. We analyse the dependence of the residuals of the relation on various physical parameters in order to characterise the inter-source dispersion.
Results. We find a total dispersion of σ ∼ 0.12 and find that intrinsic variability contributes 56% of the variance of the αOX − LUV relation. If we select only sources with a larger number of observational epochs (≥3) the dispersion of the relation decreases by approximately 15%. We find weak but significant dependencies of the residuals of the relation on black-hole mass and on Eddington ratio, which are also confirmed by a multivariate regression analysis of αOX as a function of UV luminosity and black-hole mass and/or Eddington ratio. We find a weak positive correlation of both the αOX index and the residuals of the αOX − LUV relation with inclination indicators, such as the full width at half maximum (Hβ) and the equivalent width (EW)[OIII], suggesting a weak increase of X-ray/UV ratio with the viewing angle. This suggests the development of new viewing angle indicators possibly applicable at higher redshifts. Moreover, our results suggest the possibility of selecting a sample of objects, based on their viewing angle and/or black-hole mass and Eddington ratio, for which the αOX − LUV relation is as tight as possible, in light of the use of the optical/UV – X-ray luminosity relation to build a distance modulus (DM)-z plane and estimate cosmological parameters.
Increased Frequency of Skin-to-Skin Contact Is Associated with Enhanced Vagal Tone and Improved Health Outcomes in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Marvin Megan , Gardner Fumiyuki , Sarsfield Kristin , Travagli R. , Doheny Kim 
Published: September 2018

Objective An estimation of the individual's ability to cope with environmental adversity, that is, stress resiliency, can be extrapolated by measuring cardiac vagal tone, that is, high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV); indeed, higher HF-HRV is associated with health and developmental advantages for preterm neonates. Previous studies show skin-to-skin contact (SSC) improves stress resiliency; however, linkages between SSC and HF-HRV on outcomes have not been assessed. We aimed to test the hypothesis that increased SSC frequency would enhance HF-HRV, reduce neonatal morbidity, and improve developmental outcomes.
Study Design Weekly electrocardiograms and clinical data were obtained from 101 preterm neonates. SSC frequency was determined from the electronic medical record.
Results At postnatal week 1, frequency of SSC and HF-HRV were positively correlated (p =.02); further, multiple stepwise regressions showed higher HF-HRV and SSC predicted reduced days on ventilation and oxygen, and shorter hospital stay (p < 0.001). Higher HF-HRV predicted lower postmenstrual age (PMA) at discharge (p < 0.01).
Conclusion Higher SSC frequency was associated with increased HF-HRV during the first postnatal week. SSC and HF-HRV uniquely predicted diminished neonatal morbidity throughout hospitalization. Additionally, HF-HRV uniquely predicted earlier PMA at discharge. Augmenting SSC early in life enhances stress resiliency and improves health outcomes.
Clinical Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta and Clinicopathological Outcomes
Authors: Hirshberg Jonathan , Stout Molly , Cahill Alison , Macones George , Tuuli Methodius , Rosenbloom Joshua 
Published: September 2018

Objective To investigate the association between the intraoperative diagnosis of placenta accreta at the time of cesarean hysterectomy and pathological diagnosis.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients undergoing cesarean hysterectomy for suspected placenta accreta from 2000 to 2016 at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. The primary outcome was the presence of invasive placentation on the pathology report. We estimated predictive characteristics of clinical diagnosis of placenta accreta using pathological diagnosis as the correct diagnosis.
Results There were 50 cesarean hysterectomies performed for suspected abnormal placentation from 2000 to 2016. Of these, 34 (68%) had a diagnosis of accreta preoperatively and 16 (32%) were diagnosed intraoperatively at the time of cesarean delivery. Two patients had no pathological evidence of invasion, corresponding to a false-positive rate of 4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5%, 13.8%) and a positive predictive value of 96% (95% CI: 86.3%, 99.5%). There were no differences in complications among patients diagnosed intraoperatively compared with those diagnosed preoperatively.
Conclusion Most patients undergoing cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta do have this diagnosis confirmed on pathology. However, since the diagnosis of placenta accreta was made intraoperatively in nearly a third of cesarean hysterectomies, intraoperative vigilance is required as the need for cesarean hysterectomy may not be anticipated preoperatively.
Strukturierte Gewichtsreduktionsprogramme bei Adipositas: Welches Angebot für welchen Patienten!?
Authors: Keuthage W. , Schoppe T. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungZweifelsohne ist die Epidemie der Adipositas eine der Herausforderungen der kommenden Jahre und Jahrzehnte. In Deutschland stehen Adipösen aktuell keine flächendeckenden Therapieangebote zur Verfügung. Hauptgrund ist, dass Krankenkassen sich nur eingeschränkt und regional sehr unterschiedlich an den Kosten von Lebensstilprogrammen beteiligen. Der optionale Einsatz von Formulaprodukten und/oder telemedizinischen Angeboten kann helfen, die Versorgung Adipöser zu verbessern. Hierbei kommt sowohl die Entwicklung neuer Konzepte als auch die Erweiterung bereits etablierter Programme, wie z.B. DOC WEIGHT®, in Frage. Kostenträger verlangen – zu Recht – die Evaluation von Therapieprogrammen. Hierzu muss im Vorfeld die Finanzierung der Adipositastherapie sichergestellt werden. Werden mehrere Lebensstilprogramme parallel in einer Praxis angeboten, hat der Patient die Möglichkeit, das für ihn passende Programm auszuwählen. Im besonderen Maß profitieren Menschen mit
Typ-2-Diabetes von einem solchen Angebot. Insbesondere diabetologischen Schwerpunktpraxen bietet sich die Möglichkeit, ihr bisheriges Leistungsspektrum auszuweiten und die Versorgung ihrer Patienten zu verbessern.
Structural conditions on complex networks for the Michaelis–Menten input–output response
Authors: Wong Felix , Dutta Annwesha , Chowdhury Debashish , Gunawardena Jeremy 
Published: September 2018

Significance
The Michaelis–Menten (MM) formula arose to explain simple enzyme behavior. It has since been found to describe input–output responses in several other biological contexts. Its ubiquity has been surprising and poorly understood. Here, we use the graph-based “linear framework” to show how the MM formula arises whenever appropriate structural conditions are satisfied, both at thermodynamic equilibrium and when energy is being dissipated. These conditions are based on separating the graph into two parts and constraining how and where the input variable appears. The conditions do not depend on parameter values and allow many of the details to be arbitrary. This explains the ubiquity of the MM formula and substantially generalizes previous results.
Preliminary assessment of the solar resource in the United Kingdom
Authors: Dhimish Mahmoud , Holmes Violeta , Mather Peter , Sibley Martin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Solar radiation resources data are the foundation of knowledge for programs of large-scale deployment of solar energy technologies. This article summarizes the analysis of a new weather stations network in the United Kingdom. The analysis used three years (January 2015–December 2017) of data from 27 weather stations distributed across the country. The data comprises global horizontal irradiance (GHI), diffuse horizontal irradiance, direct normal irradiance and the ambient temperature. Network design, implementation and data quality assurance are described to document the network extent and quality. From all observed datasets, we found that Plymouth (located in southwest England) has the dominant GHI and ambient temperature among all other 26 locations. The least GHI is observed for Aberdeen (located in northeast Scotland) estimated at 77.3 kWh/m2. The least average ambient temperature is equal to 9.1°C; the data were detected by the weather station located in the capital of Scotland (Edinburgh). Although continued measurements are needed to understand the interannual resource variability, the current study should have significant applications for preliminary technology selection, power plant modeling and resource forecasting.