bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Microbial Decontamination System Combining Washing with Highly Activated Calcium Oxide Solution and Antimicrobial Coating for Improvement of Mandarin Storability
Authors: Choi Ha Young , Bang In Hee , Kang Joo Hyun , Min Sea C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new microbial decontamination system combining washing with a natural antimicrobial solution and coating with a carnauba wax (CW)‐based antimicrobial coating was developed and its effects on mandarin storability were investigated. Mandarins were washed with an antimicrobial solution and/or coated with grapefruit seed extract‐CW (GSE/CW). Values for the disease incidence of Penicillium digitatum in untreated mandarins; mandarins coated with GSE/CW without washing; and mandarins coated with GSE/CW after washing with a fumaric acid (FA) solution of slightly acidic electrolyzed water, a highly activated calcium oxide (CaO) aqueous solution, or CaO solution followed by FA solution were 96.0, 70.0, 78.8, 50.0, and 72.2%, respectively. GSE/CW coating after CaO washing was most effective in inhibiting P. digitatum growth during storage at 25 °C. Compared to untreated samples, GSE/CW coating alone or after CaO washing retained CO2 generation, firmness, and total polyphenol content of mandarins at 25 °C. Such treatments also effectively maintained mandarin pH, ascorbic acid concentration, and antioxidant capacity at both 4 and 25 °C. Moreover, GSE/CW coating after CaO washing more effectively inhibited P. digitatum growth at 25 °C and maintained ascorbic acid concentration and antioxidant capacity at 4 and 25 °C than GSE/CW coating alone. The microbial decontamination system integrating CaO washing and GSE/CW coating demonstrates potential for improving mandarin storability by inhibiting P. digitatum growth and improving the preservation of quality properties and sensory characteristics.Practical ApplicationThis is the first study to develop a microbial decontamination system involving both washing with a natural antimicrobial solution and carnauba wax coating containing grapefruit seed extract to improve the storability of fruits. This system demonstrated a primary effect of inhibiting fungi that cause mandarin surface decay at 25 °C via the highly activated calcium oxide wash and secondary effects of delaying quality degradation and inhibiting fungal growth by the action of the antimicrobial coating. These effects led to improvements in mandarin storability, along with enhanced visual appeal while not affecting taste, flavor, or texture.
Antioxidant Peptide Fractions Isolated from Wheat Germ Protein with Subcritical Water Extraction and Its Transport Across Caco‐2 Cells
Authors: Zhang Jixian , Wen Chaoting , Li Changzheng , Duan Yuqing , Zhang Haihui , Ma Haile 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWheat germ protein (WGP) was extracted with subcritical water and then hydrolyzed with Alcalase 2.4 L to obtain antioxidant hydrolysates. Wheat germ peptides (WG‐P, Mw < 1 kDa) were purified by using Sephadex G‐15 column chromatography. The results showed that WG‐P‐4 possessed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity in comparison with other peptides fractions. In addition, free amino acids and LC‐MS/MS analysis showed that Gly‐Pro‐Phe, Gly‐Pro‐Glu, and Phe‐Gly‐Glu were the major peptides of WG‐P‐4. Interestingly, the WG‐P‐4 fractions had good absorption characteristic. Moreover, the ratio of Papp both sides of apical compartment (AP) and basolateral compartment (BL) were between 0.5 and 1.0 on Caco‐2 cell model, which indicated that transmembrane transportation was mainly passive transport. Therefore, WG‐P could exert an effective antioxidant action by across the intestinal epithelium.
Miniaturized Potentiometric Titration for Improving Portability and Accuracy in the Determination of Total Acid in Squeezed Fruit Juice
Authors: Sonsa‐ard Thitaporn , Nacapricha Duangjai , Kaneta Takashi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo determine the total acidity in freshly squeezed fruit juice, we miniaturized the potentiometric titrations and achieved better accuracy compared with titrations from a conventional pH probe. The improvement was the result of a higher jump in pH at the endpoint due to a reduction in the dilutions of both the titrand and titrant. A conventional pH probe requires more than 50 mL of titrand, which can lead to a 25000‐fold dilution of the titrant when adding the titrant at 2 µL intervals. Conversely, when the volume of the titrand can be reduced to 1 mL, the dilution is only 500‐fold, which results in a higher jump in pH at the endpoint. The concentration of the titrant, NaOH, was optimized by titrating sample solutions containing 25 and 50 mM of citric acid. The addition of 5 M NaOH in intervals of 2 µL led to a more accurate endpoint for both 25 and 50 mM citric acid solutions. Miniaturization of the titration process is advantageous in terms of portability, accuracy, and in requiring less consumption of a sample, thereby simplifying the process of repeat measurements that are helpful in evaluating the precision of analytical results. Practical samples of squeezed fruit juices were titrated via three methods that showed no significant differences: classic titrimetry with an indicator, conventional potentiometry, and miniaturized potentiometry. This process would be effective for use in the field and in developing countries.Practical ApplicationThe total acidity of fruits and fruit juices is an important indicator of quality and is generally expressed in terms of the citric acid content. However, a standard potentiometric titration requires a large sample volume, which makes it difficult to assess dispersion of the acidity for individual fruits. The results of this study indicate that the use of miniaturized potentiometric titration could benefit food chemistry in many developing countries in addition to opening new fields of food chemistry such as on‐site quality control of citrus fruit and evaluation of variations in quality.
Opioid use and dropout from extended‐release naltrexone in a controlled trial: implications for mechanism
Authors: Nunes Edward V. , Bisaga Adam , Krupitsky Evgeny , Nangia Narinder , Silverman Bernard L. , Akerman Sarah C. , Sullivan Maria A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsExtended‐release formulations of naltrexone have emerged as effective treatment options for opioid use disorder. This post‐hoc analysis examined the temporal relationship between episodes of opioid use and subsequent dropout in a placebo‐controlled trial of extended‐release injection naltrexone (XR‐NTX) to draw inferences about the mechanism by which extended blockade of opioid receptors translates into clinical effectiveness.DesignThis was a 24‐week multiple‐site, double‐blind, randomized trial of monthly XR‐NTX versus placebo injections. We analyzed time to dropout from treatment using survival analysis with an extended Cox model as a function of treatment (XR‐NTX versus placebo) and with weekly urine drug test (UDT) results for opioids at each week as a time‐dependent covariate.SettingThirteen addiction treatment programs in Russia, 2008–09.ParticipantsA total of 250 adults with opioid use disorder who had completed in‐patient detoxification.InterventionXR‐NTX injection or placebo injection every 4 weeks with weekly clinic visits and biweekly counseling.MeasurementsUrine toxicology for opioids measured weekly and week of dropout from treatment.FindingsThe Cox model yielded a significant interaction of time‐dependent urine toxicology by treatment (P = 0.024). Among patients receiving placebo, a positive UDT in a given week increased the risk for dropout from treatment in the subsequent week [hazard ratio (HR) = 6.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.6–10.0], whereas among patients receiving XR‐NTX, a positive UDT result showed no significant effect on risk for dropout (HR = 1.67; 95% CI = 0.6–4.5). The proportion of patients who completed all 24 weeks without any positive UDT result was 31% on XR‐NTX compared with 20% on placebo (P = 0.051).ConclusionsExtended‐release injection naltrexone was effective at reducing the risk of dropout from opioid use disorder treatment after an episode of opioid use. Just under a third of patients (31%) on XR‐NTX had no opioid‐positive urine tests across the trial, but the hypothesis that this would differ from placebo (20%) was not confirmed.
Editorial: older patients are significantly more likely to have colon ischaemia‐associated conditions that are chronic and complex
Authors: Clarke William T. , Feuerstein Joseph D. 
Published: July 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Silverman et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15268 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15369.
Baseline neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio predicts response to corticosteroids and is associated with infection and renal dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Forrest Ewan H. , Storey Natasha , Sinha Rohit , Atkinson Stephen R. , Vergis Nikhil , Richardson Paul , Masson Steven , Ryder Stephen , Thursz Mark R. , Allison Michael , Fraser Andrew , Austin Andrew , McCune Anne , Dhanda Ashwin , Katarey Dev , Potts Jonathan , Verma Sumita , Parker Richard , Hayes Peter C. ,   the STOPAH NLR Group
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundTreating severe alcoholic hepatitis involves the exposure of patients to corticosteroids for 7 days to assess “response”.AimTo assess the prognostic and therapeutic implications of baseline neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.MethodsPatients recruited to the STOPAH trial and an independent validation group were analysed retrospectively. Area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) analysis was performed. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to assess survival. Log‐rank test and odds ratio (OR) were used for comparative analysis.ResultsBaseline NLR was available for 789 STOPAH patients. The AUC for NLR was modest for 90‐day outcome (0.660), but was associated with infection, acute kidney injury (AKI) and severity of alcoholic hepatitis. Ninety‐day survival was not affected by prednisolone treatment if NLR < 5 or > 8 but mortality was reduced with prednisolone treatment when the NLR was 5‐8 (21.0% cf. 34.5%; P = 0.012). Prednisolone treatment increased the chance of Lille response if the NLR was ≥ 5 (56.5% cf. 41.1%: P = 0.01; OR 1.86) but increased the risk of day 7 infection (17.3% cf. 7.4%: P = 0.006; OR 2.60) and AKI (20.8% cf. 7.0%: P = 0.008; OR 3.46) if the NLR was > 8. Incorporation of NLR into a modified Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score (mGAHS) improved the AUC to 0.783 and 0.739 for 28‐day and 90‐day outcome, respectively.ConclusionThe NLR is associated with AKI and infection in severe alcoholic hepatitis. The NLR identifies those most likely to benefit from corticosteroids at baseline (NLR 5‐8). The mGAHS has a good predictive value for 28‐ and 90‐day outcomes.
Letter: programmed cell death protein‐1‐targeted immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xu , Jia Rong‐Rong , Zhang Chun‐Yan 
Published: July 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Scheiner et al and Scheiner and Pinter papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15245 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15368.
Editorial: not yet time for universal susceptibility‐guided first‐line Helicobacter pylori treatment—authors' reply
Authors: Lu Hong , Graham David Y. 
Published: July 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Chen et al and Argueta and Moss papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15273 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15302.
Review article: the incidence and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome in population‐based studies
Authors: Creed Francis 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundIn the absence of prior gastrointestinal infection, the risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are not well established.AimTo identify the incidence and risk factors for IBS in general population samplesMethodsNarrative review of population‐based studies. Electronic databases were searched using the keywords “incidence,” “onset,” “epidemiology,” “population,” “risk factors” with “irritable bowel syndrome” with subsequent hand searching. Inclusion criteria were: population‐based, adults, prospective design (including retrospective case cohorts), clinical or research diagnosis of IBS and exclusion of individuals who had IBS prior to recruitment.ResultsOf 1963 papers, 38 were included; all provided data on risk factors, 27 reported incidence. The median incidence of physician‐diagnosed IBS in 19 general population cohorts was 38.5 per 10 000 person‐years (interquartile range = 20‐45.3). In 14 cohorts with specific medical disorders, median incidence was 92 per 10 000 person‐years (IQR: 73.9‐119). Apart from gastroenteritis, the most common risk factors were other medical disorders, female sex, age (both young and old), anxiety and depression, life events/stress, frequent healthcare use, pain and sleep disorders. The results were conflicting for alcohol consumption, smoking and BMI. Incidence rates were similar in different countries but risk factors differed.ConclusionsIncidence rates were generally lower than previous estimates reflecting physician‐diagnosed IBS. The results highlight the importance of other medical and psychosocial problems in the onset of IBS in addition to prior gastrointestinal infections. Aetiological research could be enhanced by studying the underlying mechanisms relating to all of these risk factors.
Safety of thoracoscopic esophagectomy after induction chemotherapy for locally advanced unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Akiyama Yuji , Iwaya Takeshi , Endo Fumitaka , Nikai Haruka , Baba Shigeaki , Chiba Takehiro , Kimura Toshimoto , Takahara Takeshi , Otsuka Koki , Nitta Hiroyuki , Mizuno Masaru , Kimura Yusuke , Koeda Keisuke , Sasaki Akira 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionRecent studies have reported that induction chemotherapy with docetaxel plus cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (DCF) is an effective treatment for unresectable, locally advanced esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and feasibility of thoracoscopic esophagectomy (TE) after DCF for initially unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsTwenty‐three patients with initially unresectable T4 thoracic ESCC underwent TE after induction DCF.ResultsThe neighboring organs with tumors were the tracheobronchus in nine patients, thoracic aorta in 13, and pericardium and diaphragm in three each (concurrent overlapping invasion occurred in five patients). The mean total operation time was 556.3 ± 107.2 minutes, and the mean time of the thoracic procedure was 258.9 ± 83.9 minutes. The mean total blood loss was 166.2 ± 117.8 mL, and the loss during the thoracic procedure was 33.5 ± 24.6 mL. All patients achieved complete R0 resection under TE. No conversions to open thoracotomy were performed. The postoperative morbidity rate was 34.8%. The postoperative hospital stay was 24.3 (range, 13‐38) days. Five patients had recurrence: four had distant metastasis (lung, two; liver, three; and one with overlap), and one had mediastinal lymph node recurrence. No local recurrence was noted at the site of the primary T4 tumor.ConclusionsTE was safely performed in 23 patients after DCF therapy for locally advanced unresectable ESCC. Induction DCF, followed by TE, could be an alternative treatment for unresectable T4 ESCC.
Pharmacist‐led, video‐stimulated feedback to reduce prescribing errors in doctors‐in‐training: A mixed methods evaluation
Authors: Parker Hazel , Farrell Odran , Bethune Rob , Hodgetts Ali , Mattick Karen 
Published: July 2019

AimsTo develop and evaluate a feasible, authentic pharmacist‐led prescribing feedback intervention for doctors‐in‐training, to reduce prescribing errors.MethodsThis was a mixed methods study. Sixteen postgraduate doctors‐in training, rotating though the surgical assessment unit of 1 UK hospital, were filmed taking a medication history with a patient and prescribing medications. Each doctor reviewed their video footage and made plans to improve their prescribing, supported by feedback from a pharmacist. Quantitative data in the form of prescribing error prevalence data were collected on 1 day per week before, during and after the intervention period (between November 2015 and March 2017). Qualitative data in the form of individual semi‐structured interviews were collected with a subset of participants, to evaluate their experience. Quantitative data were analysed using a statistical process chart and qualitative data were transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsDuring the data collection period, 923 patient drug charts were reviewed by pharmacists who identified 1219 prescribing errors overall. Implementation of this feedback approach was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the mean number of prescribing errors, from 19.0/d to 11.7/d (estimated to equate to 38% reduction; P < .0001). Pharmacist‐led video‐stimulated prescribing feedback was feasible and positively received by participants, who appreciated the reinforcement of good practice as well as the opportunity to reflect on and improve practice.ConclusionsFeedback to doctors‐in‐training tends to be infrequent and often negative, but this feasible feedback strategy significantly reduced prescribing errors and was well received by the target audience as a supportive developmental approach.
An evaluation of the user‐friendliness of Bayesian forecasting programs in a clinical setting
Authors: Kumar Alzana A. , Burgard Marc , Stacey Sonya , Sandaradura Indy , Lai Tony , Coorey Christine , Cincunegui Marisol , Staatz Christine E. , Hennig Stefanie 
Published: July 2019

AimsTo evaluate 3 Bayesian forecasting (BF) programs—TDMx, InsightRx and DoseMe—on their user‐friendliness and common liked and disliked features through a survey of hospital pharmacists.MethodsClinical pharmacists across 3 Australian hospitals that did not use a BF program were invited to a BF workshop and complete a survey on programs they trialled. Participants were given 4 case scenarios to work through and asked to complete a 5‐point Likert scale survey evaluating the program's user‐friendliness. Liked and disliked features of each program were ascertained through written responses to open‐ended questions. Survey results were compared using a χ2 test of equal or given proportions to identify significant differences in response.ResultsTwenty‐seven pharmacists, from hospitals, participated. BF programs were rated overall as user‐friendly with 70%, 41% and 37% (P = .02) of participants recording a Likert score of 4 or 5 for DoseMe, TDMx and InsightRx, respectively. Participants found it easy to access all required information to use the programs, understood dosing recommendations and visualisations given by each program, and thought programs supported decision‐making with >50% of participants scoring a 4 or 5 across the programs in these categories. Common liked features across all programs were the graphical displays and ease of data entry, while common disliked features were related to the units, layout and information display.ConclusionAlthough differences exist between programs, all 3 programs were most commonly rated as user‐friendly across all themes evaluated, which provides useful information for healthcare facilities wanting to implement a BF program.
Qualitative exploration of the renal stone patients’ experience and development of the renal stone‐specific patient‐reported outcome measure
Authors: Ragab Mostafa , Baldin Nikolay , Collie Jane , Tran Maxine G.B. , Al‐Hayek Sami , S. Parsy Kasra , Armitage James , Wiseman Oliver 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the experience of patients living with renal calculi via a qualitative methodology, aiming to develop and validate a disease‐specific patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) for renal stones, the Cambridge Renal Stone PROM (CReSP).Patients, Subjects and MethodsPatients with radiologically confirmed renal calculi who had undergone a range of management options were invited to focus groups or semi‐structured interviews to elicit patient input and generate the PROM content. The developed renal stone PROM underwent validity studies included Cronbach's α for internal consistency, Spearman's and Pearson's correlation coefficients for test–retest reliability. Discriminant validity was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficients vs the EuroQol five‐dimensional five‐level questionnaire (EQ‐5D‐5L). Our project has Health and Social Care Research Ethics Committee approval.ResultsA total of 106 subjects participated in creating the newly developed PROM. In all, 36 patients were invited to 22 semi‐structured interviews and four focus groups, until reaching saturation. Major issues reported, and themes selected for the renal stone PROM included pain, anxiety, limitations to social life and tiredness, urinary symptoms, dietary changes’ impacts, and gastrointestinal tract symptoms. Reliability analysis for 30 patients to determine internal consistency using Cronbach's α with a mean (range) of 0.91 (0.90–0.93) within domains and Cronbach's α between domains was 0.92. Average inter‐item Pearson's and Spearman's correlation within domains was performed, with a Pearson's correlation mean (range) of 0.77 (0.73–0.85) and Spearman's correlation mean (range) of 0.72 (0.63–0.77). The test–retest Pearson's correlation mean (range) was 0.85 (0.57–0.95). Validity assessment was performed for 20 patients vs 20 controls. Pearson's correlation with EQ‐5D‐5L was −0.74, showing the newly developed PROM successfully discriminated patients with kidney stones. Our final renal stone PROM consists of 14 questions that are rated on a Likert scale; the higher the score, the worse the effect on a patient's quality of life.ConclusionsAlthough pain was the most frequent symptom, other health‐related and social well‐being issues significantly impacted patients’ lives. Our validated patient‐derived CReSP is a new instrument, specifically tailored to measure renal stone disease health outcomes from the patient's point of view.