bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold-Season Tornadoes: Climatological and Meteorological Insights
Authors: Childs Samuel J. , Schumacher Russ S. , Allen John T. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Tornadoes that occur during the cold season, defined here as November–February (NDJF), pose many societal risks, yet less attention has been given to their climatological trends and variability than their warm-season counterparts, and their meteorological environments have been studied relatively recently. This study aims to advance the current state of knowledge of cold-season tornadoes through analysis of these components. A climatology of all (E)F1–(E)F5 NDJF tornadoes from 1953 to 2015 across a domain of 25°–42.5°N, 75°–100°W was developed. An increasing trend in cold-season tornado occurrence was found across much of the southeastern United States, with a bull’s-eye in western Tennessee, while a decreasing trend was found across eastern Oklahoma. Spectral analysis reveals a cyclic pattern of enhanced NDJF counts every 3–7 years, coincident with the period of ENSO. La Niña episodes favor enhanced NDJF counts, but a stronger relationship was found with the Arctic Oscillation (AO). From a meteorological standpoint, the most-tornadic and least-tornadic NDJF seasons were compared using NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data of various severe weather and tornado parameters. The most-tornadic cold seasons are characterized by warm and moist conditions across the Southeast, with an anomalous mean trough across the western United States. In addition, analysis of the convective mode reveals that NDJF tornadoes are common in both discrete and linear storm modes, yet those associated with discrete supercells are more deadly. Taken together, the perspectives presented here provide a deeper understanding of NDJF tornadoes and their societal impacts, an understanding that serves to increase public awareness and reduce human casualty.
The Seasons They Are a Changin’
Authors: Haberman Cory P. , Sorg Evan T. , Ratcliffe Jerry H. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose: To examine a component of crime pattern theory by exploring whether the spatial predictors of crime vary across seasons. Methods: The relationships among potentially criminogenic places and illicit markets and seasonal census block robbery counts in Philadelphia, PA, were explored using simultaneously estimated negative binomial regression models. The equality of predictors’ effects on street robbery across seasons was subsequently tested using Wald’s tests. Results: While many facilities and illicit markets were positively associated with street robbery, there were few seasonal differences in their effects. Only the effect of high schools during the fall was greater than during the winter and summer as hypothesized. Conclusions: The results suggest areas with facilities and illicit markets that are used consistently across the year experience the highest street robbery levels regardless of the season.
Suboptimal Vitamin B Intakes of Zambian Preschool Children: Evaluation of 24-Hour Dietary Recalls
Authors: Titcomb Tyler J. , Schmaelzle Samantha T. , Nuss Emily T. , Gregory Jesse F. , Tanumihardjo Sherry A. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Hidden hunger affects individuals who chronically consume an inadequate intake of at least 1 micronutrient and is associated with low dietary diversity. Little data are available on dietary intake or status assessment of B vitamins among preschool children in Zambia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess 24-hour dietary recall records obtained from Zambian children aged 3 to 7 years for B vitamin intake in relation to adequacy and change over time in the same community. Methods: Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected from 2 studies that were 2 years apart in the same district of Zambia. Data were retrospectively analyzed for B vitamin intake, that is, biotin, vitamin B12, folate, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, riboflavin, and thiamin. The estimated average requirement (EAR) cut point method was used to assess inadequacy prevalence for EARs established by the Institute of Medicine in the United States. Results: For all B vitamins, mean values were below the EARs established for children 4 to 8 years old. Relative to the EAR, children had the highest intakes of vitamin B6 with inadequacies of 77.9% and 60.1% in 2010 and 2012, respectively. The highest prevalence of inadequate intake was associated with folate, where ≥95% of the children had intakes below the EAR in both studies. Conclusions: All median vitamin B intakes were inadequate among these young children in rural Zambia. Future researchers and policy makers may need to consider B vitamin status in resource-poor areas of the country.
Cross-linking multilayers of poly-l-lysine and hyaluronic acid: Effect on mesenchymal stem cell behavior
Authors: Niepel Marcus S , Almouhanna Fadi , Ekambaram Bhavya K , Menzel Matthias , Heilmann Andreas , Groth Thomas 
Published: March 2018

Background: Cells possess a specialized machinery through which they can sense physical as well as chemical alterations in their surrounding microenvironment that affect their cellular behavior. Aim: In this study, we aim to establish a polyelectrolyte multilayer system of 24 layers of poly-l-lysine and hyaluronic acid to control stem cell response after chemical cross-linking. Methods and results: The multilayer build-up process is monitored using different methods, which show that the studied polyelectrolyte multilayer system grows exponentially following the islands and islets theory. Successful chemical cross-linking is monitored by an increased zeta potential toward negative magnitude and an extraordinary growth in thickness. Human adipose–derived stem cells are used here and a relationship between cross-linking degree and cell spreading is shown as cells seeded on higher cross-linked polyelectrolyte multilayer show enhanced spreading. Furthermore, cells that fail to establish focal adhesions on native and low cross-linked polyelectrolyte multilayer films do not proliferate to a high extent in comparison to cells seeded on highly cross-linked polyelectrolyte multilayer, which also show an increased metabolic activity. Moreover, this study shows the relation between cross-linking degree and human adipose–derived stem cell lineage commitment. Histological staining reveals that highly cross-linked polyelectrolyte multilayers support osteogenic differentiation, whereas less cross-linked and native polyelectrolyte multilayers support adipogenic differentiation in the absence of any specific inducers. Conclusion: Owing to the precise control of polyelectrolyte multilayer properties such as potential, wettability, and viscoelasticity, the system presented here offers great potential for guided stem cell differentiation in regenerative medicine, especially in combination with materials exhibiting a defined surface topography.
Are physical activity levels of health care professionals consistent with activity guidelines? A prospective cohort study in New Zealand
Authors: Chan Lydia , McNaughton Harry , Weatherall Mark 
Published: March 2018

Objective We aimed to estimate the level of physical activity undertaken by health care professionals and the proportion that achieved a daily target of 10,000 steps. Design This was a prospective cohort study. Setting Participants were recruited in Wellington Regional Hospital, a tertiary hospital in New Zealand. Participants Neurology, Cardiology, and Endocrinology staff were invited to participate. Main outcome measures Pedometer-measured step counts were recorded over seven days and the proportion that achieved a daily target of 10,000 steps was calculated. Results We included 50 staff in the study. The mean daily step count was 10,620 (standard deviation = 3141) with a median daily step count of 10,606 (interquartile range = 7791–12,469). Sixty-five per cent of the staff achieved 10,000 steps per day. Conclusion This cohort was more active compared to other pedometer-based studies in health care professionals. The daily target of 10,000 steps per day was achieved at a higher proportion than reported in international studies and the general New Zealand.
Poor outcome with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for bone marrow failure and MDS with severe MIRAGE syndrome phenotype
Authors: Sarthy Jay , Zha Ji , Babushok Daria , Shenoy Archana , Fan Jian-Meng , Wertheim Gerald , Himebauch Adam , Munchel Ashley , Taraseviciute Agne , Yang Samuel , Shima Hirohito , Narumi Satoshi , Meshinchi Soheil , Olson Timothy S. 
Published: March 2018

Key Points
Success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for MIRAGE syndrome may be limited by syndrome-specific comorbidities.
SAMD9 mutations associated with MIRAGE syndrome are a newly described cause of congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Exosomal microRNA-32-5p induces multidrug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via the PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Fu Xiao , Liu Mengjie , Qu Shengyang , Ma Jiequn , Zhang Yamin , Shi Tingting , Wen Hongqing , Yang Yujuan , Wang Shuhong , Wang Jing , Nan Kejun , Yao Yu , Tian Tao 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background
Multidrug resistance is the main obstacle for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. miR-32-5p is involved in HCC progression but its function in multidrug resistance is still unclear. Here we aim to find out the function of miR-32-5p in inducing multidrug resistance and its underlying mechanisms of transforming sensitive cell to resistant cell.

Methods
We detected the expression of miR-32-5p and PTEN in the multidrug-resistant cell line (Bel/5-FU) and the sensitive cell line (Bel7402), HCC and para-carcinoma liver tissues through real-time PCR. Dual-luciferase reporter assay verified PTEN is the target of miR-32-5p. Exosomes from sensitive and multidrug resistant cell line were obtained and confirmed through ultracentrifuge and Nano Analyzer. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments, rescue experiments, a PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor, an exosome biogenesis inhibitor, and nude mice xenograft models were used to determine the underlying mechanisms of miR-32-5p and PTEN, as well as exosomal miR-32-5p in inducing multidrug resistance in vitro and in vivo.

Results
miR-32-5p was significantly elevated but PTEN was reduced in Bel/5-FU. An inverse correlation between miR-32-5p and PTEN was confirmed in HCC cell lines and patients; moreover, high expression of miR-32-5p and low expression of PTEN were positively associated with poor prognosis. Over-expression of miR-32-5p activated the PI3K/Akt pathway by suppressing PTEN and induced multidrug resistance via exosomes through promoting angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that the multidrug-resistant cell, Bel/5-FU delivers miR-32-5p to sensitive cell, Bel7402 by exosomes and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway to further induce multidrug resistance by modulating angiogenesis and EMT.
Adherence intervention for HIV-infected persons who use drugs: adaptation, open trial, and pilot randomized hybrid type 1 trial protocol
Authors: Claborn Kasey , Becker Sara , Operario Don , Safren Steve , Rich Josiah D. , Ramsey Susan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background
HIV-infected people who use drugs (PWUD) exhibit the highest rates of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV. This contributes to poor treatment outcomes, increased morbidity and mortality, and HIV transmission. However, current interventions fail to address the unique barriers to adherence faced by this population. Life Steps is a brief, single session intervention that demonstrated increased ART adherence among HIV-infected individuals. This study protocol seeks to improve clinical practice by adapting Life Steps for HIV-infected PWUD and adding a brief motivational intervention addressing drug use. This intervention will incorporate educational, motivational, and behavioral skills components specifically aimed at improving adherence and linkage to substance use treatment among HIV-infected PWUD.

Methods
This project will consist of three phases using a mixed-methods approach. In Phase 1, qualitative interviews with HIV-infected PWUD and community providers, coupled with feedback from an expert review panel, will be used to enhance the existing Life Steps manual and interventionist training protocol. In Phase 2, the prototype will be pilot tested and qualitative exit interviews with HPWUD will identify the strengths and limitations of the intervention. Data regarding feasibility, acceptability, and barriers to delivery will guide modifications to finalize a modified Life Steps-Drug Use (LS-DU) protocol. In Phase 3, a pilot type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial will examine the effectiveness of LS-DU relative to a health education intervention control condition on ART adherence and viral load data at 1-, 3-, and 6-months. Data regarding clinic readiness for implementation and intervention sustainability potential will be collected.

Discussion
This protocol will adapt and evaluate an intervention to improve adherence among HIV-infected PWUD. Results of this study will provide significant data on the acceptability, initial effectiveness, and sustainability potential of an adherence intervention for a high risk and underserved population.
Trial registration NCT02907697
Agent-based models and industrial organization theory. A price-competition algorithm for agent-based models based on Game Theory
Authors: Sanchez-Cartas Juan Manuel 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose
Simulating markets using agent-based models must consider pricing. However, the strategic nature of prices limits the development of agent-based models with endogenous price competition.

Methods
I propose an agent-based algorithm based on Game Theory that allows us to simulate the pricing in different markets. I test the algorithm in five theoretical economic models from the industrial organization literature.

Results
In all cases, the algorithm is capable of simulating the optimal pricing of those markets. It is also tested in two more cases: one in which the original work fails to predict the optimal outcome, and another one that is quite complex to solve analytically. Lastly, I present two potential extensions of this algorithm: one dynamic, and another one based on quantity competition.

Conclusions
This algorithm opens the door to the extensive inclusion of pricing in agent-based models, but also, it helps to establish a link between the industrial organization literature and the agent-based modeling.
How do doctors deliver a diagnosis of dementia in memory clinics?
Authors: Dooley Jemima , Bass Nick , McCabe Rose 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundDementia diagnosis rates are increasing. Guidelines recommend that people with dementia should be told their diagnosis clearly and honestly to facilitate future planning.AimsTo analyse how doctors deliver a dementia diagnosis in practice.MethodConversation analysis was conducted on 81 video-recorded diagnosis feedback meetings with 20 doctors from nine UK memory clinics.ResultsAll doctors named dementia; 59% (n = 48) approached the diagnosis indirectly but delicately (‘this is dementia’) and 41% (n = 33) approached this directly but bluntly (‘you have Alzheimer's disease’). Direct approaches were used more often with people with lower cognitive test scores. Doctors emphasised that the dementia was mild and tended to downplay its progression, with some avoiding discussing prognosis altogether.ConclusionsDoctors are naming dementia to patients. Direct approaches reflect attempts to ensure clear diagnosis. Downplaying and avoiding prognosis demonstrates concerns about preserving hope but may compromise understanding about and planning for the future.Declaration of interestNone.
CD36 Modulates Fasting and Preabsorptive Hormone and Bile Acid Levels
Authors: Shibao Cyndya A , Celedonio Jorge E , Tamboli Robyn , Sidani Reem , Love-Gregory Latisha , Pietka Terri , Xiong Yanhua , Wei Yan , Abumrad Naji N , Abumrad Nada A , Flynn Charles Robb 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Context
Abnormal fatty acid (FA) metabolism contributes to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The FA receptor CD36 has been linked to risk of metabolic syndrome. In rodents CD36 regulates various aspects of fat metabolism, but whether it has similar actions in humans is unknown. We examined the impact of a coding single-nucleotide polymorphism in CD36 on postprandial hormone and bile acid (BA) responses.

Objective
To examine whether the minor allele (G) of coding CD36 variant rs3211938 (G/T), which reduces CD36 level by ∼50%, influences hormonal responses to a high-fat meal (HFM).

Design
Obese African American (AA) women carriers of the G allele of rs3211938 (G/T) and weight-matched noncarriers (T/T) were studied before and after a HFM.

Setting
Two-center study.

Participants
Obese AA women.

Intervention
HFM.

Main Outcome Measures
Early preabsorptive responses (10 minutes) and extended excursions in plasma hormones [C-peptide, insulin, incretins, ghrelin fibroblast growth factor (FGF)19, FGF21], BAs, and serum lipoproteins (chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoprotein) were determined.

Results
At fasting, G-allele carriers had significantly reduced cholesterol and glycodeoxycholic acid and consistent but nonsignificant reductions of serum lipoproteins. Levels of GLP-1 and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were reduced 60% to 70% and those of total BAs were 1.8-fold higher. After the meal, G-allele carriers displayed attenuated early (−10 to 10 minute) responses in insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, gastric inhibitory peptide, and PP. BAs exhibited divergent trends in G allele carriers vs noncarriers concomitant with differential FGF19 responses.

Conclusions
CD36 plays an important role in the preabsorptive hormone and BA responses that coordinate brain and gut regulation of energy metabolism.
Social Connections Within Executive Teams and Management Forecasts
Authors: Ke Ruihao , Li Meng , Ling Zhejia , Zhang Yuan 
Published: March 2018

We examine the role of teamwork within the top executive teams in generating management forecasts. Using social connections within the executive team to capture the team’s interaction, cooperation, and teamwork, we find that social connections among team members are associated with higher management forecast accuracy, consistent with economic theories that information is dispersed within a firm and with sociology insights that social connections facilitate information sharing. Further analyses show that the association between social connections and forecast accuracy is stronger when the teams are just beginning to work together, when their firms face more uncertainty or adversity, and when the CEOs are less powerful. Our results hold for a subsample of executive teams that experience pseudo exogenous shocks to their social connectedness. Taken together, our results underscore the importance of teamwork among executives in the forecast generation process. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Evolución, ética y religión Introducción al pensamiento de Francisco J. Ayala
Authors: Bermejo Diego 
Published: March 2018

El debate de la teoría de la evolución sigue vivo en torno a cuestiones fronterizas suscitadas desde la ética y desde la religión. Francisco J. Ayala, biólogo darwiniano y científico humanista, propone un equilibrio elegante en las relaciones entre ciencia, ética y religión, contra fundamentalismos cientistas y religiosos, considerando la teoría darwiniana de la selección natural como un regalo para la ciencia y para la teología, y defendiendo la compatibilidad de ambas para una visión más rica de la vida humana. Los tres apartados de este escrito pueden valer como una primera introducción al pensamiento filosófico del profesor Ayala, que piensa desde la ciencia, pero más allá de la ciencia: 1) la revolución darwiniana (la ciencia como cuestión de hecho), 2) la naturaleza humana biológica y cultural (la ética como cuestión de valor) y 3) la complementariedad entre ciencia y religión (la religión como cuestión de sentido).
Naturaleza humana en perspectiva Biohermenéutica
Authors: Conill Sancho Jesús 
Published: March 2018

Me propongo mostrar que tanto la naturalización, ahora también en versión neurológica, como la tecnologización contemporáneas son fruto de interpretaciones que pretenden ofrecer una nueva imagen del hombre, por ejemplo, a través de fórmulas como la de «homo poieticus» (incluso cabría decir «neuropoieticus»). Pero la cuestión decisiva es ver si a partir de estas nuevas imágenes se puede reconstruir la realidad personal, manteniendo las pretensiones expresadas mediante el valor de dignidad de la persona humana o quedan realmente sustituidas por otras que rebasan el sentido humanizador, por el que desde diversas tradiciones nos comprendemos e intentamos mejorar la vida humana. A tal efecto, quisiera aprovechar no sólo el siempre fecundo pensamiento aristotélico, sino también el kantiano y nietzscheano, en versión hermenéutica, y su enlace con la tradición de la filosofía española de Ortega, Zubiri y Laín, porque creo que ofrecen una base adecuada para incorporar y articular los nuevos conocimientos neurocientíficos y las propuestas de intervención tecnocientíficas.
Bioética para el siglo XXI: construyendo esperanza
Authors: Cortina Adela 
Published: March 2018

La bioética del siglo XXI se ve enfrentada al reto de colaborar en la construcción de un mundo justo y sostenible. El artículo analiza el nacimiento de la bioética como bioética cívica de las sociedades pluralistas en el contexto de las éticas aplicadas, su evolución hasta conformar una bioética global, su actual estructura, los retos a los que enfrenta y, por último, el tipo de razón práctica desde el que debería orientar su tarea si es que quiere alcanzar sus objetivos.
Deletion of the Cold Thermoreceptor TRPM8 Increases Heat Loss and Food Intake Leading to Reduced Body Temperature and Obesity in Mice
Authors: Reimúndez Alfonso , Fernández-Peña Carlos , García Guillermo , Fernández Rubén , Ordás Purificación , Gallego Rosalía , Pardo-Vazquez Jose L. , Arce Victor , Viana Félix , Señarís Rosa 
Published: March 2018

The coupling of energy homeostasis to thermoregulation is essential to maintain homeothermy in changing external environments. We studied the role of the cold thermoreceptor TRPM8 in this interplay in mice of both sexes. We demonstrate that TRPM8 is required for a precise thermoregulation in response to cold, in fed and fasting.Trpm8−/−mice exhibited a fall of 0.7°C in core body temperature when housed at cold temperatures, and a deep hypothermia (<30°C) during food deprivation. In both situations, TRPM8 deficiency induced an increase in tail heat loss. This, together with the presence of TRPM8-sensory fibers innervating the main tail vessels, unveils a major role of this ion channel in tail vasomotor regulation. Finally, TRPM8 deficiency had a remarkable impact on energy balance.Trpm8−/−mice raised at mild cold temperatures developed late-onset obesity and metabolic dysfunction, with daytime hyperphagia and reduction of fat oxidation as plausible causal factors. In conclusion, TRPM8 fine-tunes eating behavior and fuel utilization during thermoregulatory adjustments to mild cold. Persistent imbalances in these responses result in obesity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe thermosensitive ion channel TRPM8 is required for a precise thermoregulatory response to cold and fasting, playing an important role in tail vasoconstriction, and therefore heat conservation, as well as in the regulation of ingestive behavior and metabolic fuel selection upon cooling. Indeed, TRPM8-deficient mice, housed in a mild cold environment, displayed an increase in tail heat loss and lower core body temperature, associated with the development of late-onset obesity with glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction. A persistent diurnal hyperphagia and reduced fat oxidation constitute plausible underlying mechanisms in the background of a deficient thermoregulatory adjustment to mild cold ambient temperatures.