bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Inuit Social Transformation
Authors: Kral Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses the social–historical background against which Inuit youth have one of the highest suicide rates in the world. It takes a community, cultural, and historical perspective and considers the view that suicide is a symbol of social suffering. The chapter examines the dominant forms of sociocultural change among Inuit during the past several decades. Although White people arrived in the Arctic in the early 20th century as missionaries, police, and a large fur-trading company, the most significant force of change in Inuit history was the moving of Inuit from their land camps into crowded settlements in the 1950s and 1960s. Much of this imperialism/colonialism is discussed, as is hunting, sharing, and schooling.
Colonial Impact on Family and Inuuqatigiingniq/Relatedness
Authors: Kral Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses several major changes in Inuit society during the past half-century. These changes are all related to inuuqatigiingniq, which translates as “being with others,” or relatedness, in Inuit culture. The most negative change is that in Inuit relationships, especially the family. It is the thesis of this book that the effects of colonialism are seen most vividly in relationships, especially in the family, and that these changes among Inuit are the cause of their current social problems, including suicide. Well-being was strongly based on the maintenance of close and loving interpersonal relationships, especially among Inuit in the family. Traditional Inuit family history is presented, showing how family was the basis of social organization and identity. Changes in marital relatedness, as well as traditional Inuit relatedness, are discussed.
Beneficence and the Diagnostician
Authors: Carlin Nathan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The focus of this chapter is on beneficence. Part one begins by providing an overview of the principle and then offer two classic cases in bioethics that illustrate how it is often understood. One deals with the first heart transplant, and the other deals with smoking cessation. Part two moves to a discussion of Paul Pruyser’s pastoral image of the diagnostician to open up another way of looking at beneficence. In part three, the author correlates beneficence with the diagnostician. The previous chapter engaged pathographies as a means of offering experiential inquiry. This chapter does so by focusing on a pastoral conversation with a medical resident in the author’s care. The chapter concludes, as previous chapters, by emphasizing how pastoral aesthetics raises different moral concerns not usually considered by principlism. The argument is that a pastoral perspective on beneficence emphasizes existential well-being.
Beginning Woodwinds and Brass
Authors: Dalby Bruce 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Many school jazz programs in North America do an impressive job of developing their members’ technical and music-notation-reading skills, necessary to perform jazz big band literature with polish and precision. However, many school jazz students are as dependent on notation as they are in the concert band. Although the young jazzer may take improvised solos in jazz band performances, he may be unable to negotiate chord changes or incorporate characteristic jazz vocabulary. In light of this, this chapter covers concepts and skills relevant to beginning jazz instruction for wind instrumentalists. Specifically, it identifies three foundational topics for the reader to consider in fashioning an authentic and effective jazz curriculum: (1) establishing a listening foundation, (2) developing ear-playing ability, and (3) developing a personal repertoire of jazz tunes. Following these sections the text addresses (4) style and articulation and (5) rhythm.
Jazz Guitar
Authors: Sneider Bob 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Throughout the history of jazz, the guitar has been an omnipresent voice as a rhythm section instrument and a solo voice. Having a strong guitarist in any jazz ensemble is a benefit and significantly increases the breadth of material that an ensemble can effectively perform. Taking a student with limited notational staff reading and chord vocabulary on the journey toward being a well-functioning guitarist in a jazz ensemble is no small feat! By understanding guitar function in jazz and melodic technique best practices, school music teachers can have a positive impact on young guitarists. This chapter addresses the technical possibilities/limitations of the guitar, diagnoses the needs and strengths of a young guitarist, recommends best practices, and provides a hands-on demonstration of learning through notated melodic and chordal examples.
Jazz Piano
Authors: Schmidt Russell A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Performing as a pianist in a jazz ensemble can be very rewarding. But to ensure participation is satisfying for both the individual and the group, requisite skill sets for performance must be learned, and musical responsibilities to fellow performers must be understood. This chapter presents useful harmonic theory and practical jazz piano exercises to help developing jazz pianists build a strong foundation. In addition, various harmonic exercises are presented that educators can provide to assist their pianists’ development, including an overview of basic, flexible voicings that are useful in many different jazz styles. The latter portion of the chapter provides a general philosophy regarding the role of the piano within the jazz ensemble, providing teachers with the perspective necessary to offer their pianists the most effective instruction.
Effort and Success as Predictors of Passion
Authors: Lex Maike , Gielnik Michael M. , Frese Michael 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this chapter, we review theoretical and empirical research describing effort and success as predictors of passion for work, focusing on entrepreneurs’ passion for their work. We first present the theoretical rationale and empirical evidence for the causal effect flowing from people’s effort and success to their passion. We then investigate the underlying mechanisms that mediate and moderate this effect. The existing findings are integrated into a comprehensive theoretical model describing effort and success as predictors of passion. We further incorporate the theoretical model into the predominant theoretical view describing success as an outcome of passion, leading to an integrated framework on the reciprocal relationships between people’s success and passion for work.
The Origin and Classification of Ideas
Authors: Dicker Georges 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter (1) expounds Locke’s empiricist principle that all of our ideas are derived from experience, and (2) offers a clarification of the structure of Book II of the Essay. Regarding (1), it explains his twofold use of the term “idea” to mean both any sensory or introspectible state and any concept, his distinctions between ideas of sensation and ideas of reflection and between simple and complex ideas, and his classification of simple ideas. It identifies some noteworthy points about the idea of solidity. Regarding (2), it provides a clarification of the organization of Book II, in light of the facts that Locke (a) digresses into the theory of primary qualities and secondary qualities in Book II Chapter viii before continuing his aetiology of ideas, and (b) discusses several complex ideas of reflection, in Book II Chapters x and xi, before officially turning to complex ideas in Chapter xii.
Personal identity
Authors: Dicker Georges 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter analyzes Locke’s seminal treatment of personal identity and examines objections to it and replies to them. It (1) discusses his sharp divorce between a person’s identity and the identity of any substance, (2) formulates in analytical style his definition of personal identity in terms of memory, and (3) explains his view that personal identity is a “forensic” notion. Regarding (1), it argues that although Locke’s same substance/different person scenario makes sense, his same person/different substance scenario crosses the bounds of sense. Regarding (2), it shows how a definition of personal identity in terms of memory can be refined so as to avoid counterexamples proposed by Berkeley, Thomas Reid, and John Perry. Regarding (3), it argues that such a refined definition is incompatible with Locke’s forensic view of personhood, unless one appeals to Christian doctrine about the afterlife and about Judgement Day—as indeed Locke was prepared to do.
The problem of perception
Authors: Dicker Georges 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter formulates the problem of perception, which Locke sometimes dismisses but eventually tries to solve. The formulation hinges on the “argument from the multiple possible causes of any perceptual experience,” which shows that no physical thing can be “immediately perceived,” i.e., known to exist solely on the basis of one’s current perceptual experience. This conclusion generates a regress, since any experience one might appeal to for corroboration also has multiple possible causes. The problem can’t be avoided simply by adopting a two-term rather than a three-term theory of perception, because perceptual experiences can be phenomenologically indistinguishable whether they are caused by a physical object affecting one’s sense-receptors or caused otherwise. This has led to the traditional question: can knowledge of physical things be legitimately inferred from knowledge of immediately perceived ideas, sensations, or “sense-data” (on a three-term theory), or of ways of being “appeared to” (on a two-term theory)?
Narrow Fairways
Authors: Inglis Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Despite India’s three decades of economic liberalization, access to quality education, well-paying jobs, and high standards of living align with prior class and caste advantages, leaving many poor and working-class people stuck in place and obligated to seek handouts from the rich. The study draws on ten years of ethnographic fieldwork at three private golf clubs in Bangalore, India’s Silicon Valley, to explore the ties of dependence wealthy club members generate with the poor lower-caste golf caddies who carry their bags, and in a manner that reproduces their positions of privilege and authority. The caddies are not employees, and yet neither do they have complete control over their rates and schedules. Making $3–5 for a five- or six-hour round, caddies deploy acts servility and deference to yield additional money for healthcare, children’s school fees, and other household expenses. While a rare few caddies win sufficient support to put them and their families on a path of social mobility, most struggle to make ends meet, living in less-than-secure housing, going without food in some cases, and sending their children to low-quality schools that all but guarantee they will take up similar work as their fathers. The necessity but ultimate limitation of such relationships between the rich and poor underscores the failure of India’s development strategy, which favors private over public interests, and has yet to establish well-funded healthcare, education, and basic social services that would improve chances of social mobility and independence among the poor.
The “Caddie Question”
Authors: Inglis Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The golf caddies of Bangalore are not employees at the clubs where they work, and yet they must hand over personal identification, sign an attendance register, wear uniforms, attend training sessions, and submit to managerial oversight. Despite laboring under conditions that mimic regularized employment, however, the caddies are ambivalent about prospects of formalizing ties with the clubs. The chapter presents this as a rational response to the indiscriminate and arbitrary application of disciplinary measures outlined in minutes to meetings, annual reports, and other official documents. Though wages, tips, and extras still only amount to a paltry sum, a majority of caddies prefer the status quo over initiating a struggle to win low-wage formal employment that would further restrict their autonomy. This same stance, however, also commits them to even greater dependence on members, with the result of upholding the status quo.
The Labor of Aspiration
Authors: Inglis Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The new elite—young, flashy, and wealthy—tend to favor the newer Karnataka Golf Association (KGA) in Bangalore, leaving the colonial-era Bangalore Golf Club (BGC) to older members, many of whom live on pensions. The caddies at the BGC are also older, poorer, and more religiously diverse than other caddies in the city. This combination results in a culture of servility and deference that yields distinct social mobility trajectories. In some cases, for example, and often with the support of prior advantages in the home, caddies are able to leverage relationships with members to propel themselves and their families forward—a form of social mobility referred to here as upward servility. In rarer cases, though, caddies can refuse the demands of servility and deference, carving out a more traditional path to social mobility that is more independent of members. In still other cases, servility and deference result in more servility and deference without much material benefit or anything approaching social mobility.
Caste Illa
Authors: Inglis Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
For Dalits, or former Untouchables, living at the back of Challaghatta, a village bordering the Karnataka Golf Association (KGA), the club presents an opportunity to earn money and respect apart from their caste identities. The stark contrast between the club and village leaves many caddies from Challaghatta with the sense that merit, discipline, and hard work are really all that matter in improving their position within the club and beyond it. Yet these ideas are also tested when it comes to finding their children better-than-average schools or when they think about moving out of Challaghatta. Caste, in the end, combined with limited material resources, proves a stable and oppressive force in their lives.
The Burden of Distinction
Authors: Inglis Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Well-intentioned golf club members in Bangalore take on great responsibilities in supporting their preferred caddies, who nevertheless remain poor, by comparison, even after decades in this line work. Often, however, these same club members neglect to consider the social and emotional burdens these gifts bring upon the caddies. The chapter highlights the case of one caddy at the Karnataka Golf Association (KGA) whose circumstances had improved greatly as the result of support he received from several members, but who also felt a sense of inadequacy and shame for not being able to support himself and his family without them.
Escape from Challaghatta
Authors: Inglis Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Individual success for the poor does not necessarily translate into success for their children, as the case of a pair of one-time caddies suggests. Even as they are earning a steady income as coaches at the Karnataka Golf Association (KGA), they still live at the Challaghatta on the backside of the golf course, alongside other poor and lower-caste families. As such, they are in no better position to help secure their children high-quality education or better job prospects than other caddies who have a history of alcohol abuse and bad financial decisions. Their success as coaches at the club compared with others who remain as caddies reveals the perils of social mobility at this level of society—in a way, these former caddies are too successful, having given up the possibility of asking help from members, and yet without the status or broader network beyond the club to further advance their children.
Courthouse Claims
Authors: Fox Dov 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Existing legal claims have a hard time trying to remedy reproductive wrongs, but procreation patients and their committed partners should be able to seek meaningful recovery for professional negligence that thwarts their legitimate family plans. I distinguish three kinds of unwanted reproductive outcomes: (1) no baby, where victims had sought one; (2) any baby, where the goal was none at all; and (3) a particular type of baby, where parents undertook efforts to have one with different traits. Our legal system should recognize each of these complaints—that’s what this chapter recommends. The first tort action that I propose is for negligently frustrated attempts to pursue pregnancy or parenthood; the second concerns dashed efforts to avoid those activities and roles; the third is for offspring selection gone amiss. I call these the rights of procreation deprived, procreation imposed, and procreation confounded. Each reflects the responsibilities that certain individuals or institutions owe to preserve the reproductive interests of others. Formal obligations in matters of pregnancy and parenthood is what sets professional negligence apart from otherwise similar transgressions at the hand of intimate partners. Fertility doctors and other healthcare practitioners assume practice-specific duties of care that nonspecialists do not. Committed partners should be entitled to sue for reproductive negligence as well, not just patients who undergo medical treatment themselves. Extending procreation rights to this committed partner recognizes the impact these wrongs have on their family plans and the life they share—courts should allow recovery for that one, clearly identifiable, additional claimant.
Damage Awards
Authors: Fox Dov 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Two questions should guide award determinations for procreation deprived, imposed, and confounded: First, how serious is a plaintiff’s reproductive loss? The answer goes to the nature and duration of that loss’s practical consequences for the plaintiff’s life. The second question asks how likely any future loss is to come about, and the extent to which its cause can be traced to a defendant’s misconduct, as opposed to some other factor for which the defendant isn’t to blame. The severity of reproductive injuries calls for objective inquiry into how a reasonable person in the plaintiff’s shoes would be affected. Permanent injuries tend to be more severe than temporary ones because they can be expected to cause greater disruption to major life activities like education, work, marriage, friendships, and emotional well-being. The question isn’t what plaintiffs would have done if they’d known that negligence would dash their efforts—it’s how much those injuries can be expected to impair their lives, from the perspective of their own ideals and circumstances. The causation element of this damages inquiry asks: What are the odds that plaintiffs would have suffered the complained-of reproductive outcome if it hadn’t been for the professional misconduct? Preexisting infertility, contraceptive user error, and genetic uncertainty can deprive, impose, or confound procreation just the same in the absence of any wrongdoing. Probabilistic recovery starts with the award total corresponding to the absolute loss in question, and reduces it by the extent to which the loss was caused by outside forces.
Control Orientations in the East and West
Authors: Yamaguchi Susumu , Sawaumi Takafumi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Individuals exercise control over themselves, others, and environment. According to a seminal work by Weisz, Rothbaum, and Blackburn, which represents a Western view, people in the West prefer to control others or environment to make their life more comfortable (primary control), whereas people in the East prefer to control themselves to fit into environment (secondary control). This chapter critically examines the Western conceptualization of control. Then an alternative view based on Asian value system is presented. According to this view, East–West differences exist not in the target of control (oneself vs. others or environment) but in how people attempt to control others and their environment. The authors present empirical evidence to support the alternative view and propose a framework to understand individuals’ seeking for psychological well-being in the East and West. Westerners (especially North Americans) prefer to control the environment so that they can feel autonomous, whereas Easterners (especially Japanese) care more about consequences of control in terms of interpersonal harmony.
Religion and Related Morality Across Cultures
Authors: Saroglou Vassilis 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Is religious morality the same across the major world religions and various cultural contexts? This chapter makes, for the first time, a review, synthesis, and interpretation of the relevant findings from recent international, focused cross-cultural, and experimental studies. Both striking quasi-universal features and amazing cultural differences emerge in the ways religion (individual religiosity, religious ideas, and/or religious heritage at the collective level) endorses, shapes, or privileges specific moral preferences regarding a vast spectrum of domains of human activity. The latter include sexuality; fertility, marriage, and parenting; work- and economy-related attitudes and behavior; various prosocial attitudes and behaviors; and civic attitudes toward democracy, social engagement, the environment, and honesty in society. The final discussion focuses on the religious conflict, across cultures, between interpersonal–consequentialist and righteous–deontological morality, and the evolutionary explanations of the transculturally strong religion-morality association and of the cultural diversity of religion and its morality.
Networking with Sources
Authors: Palmer Lindsay 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter investigates the labor of networking with sources. News fixers indicate that their networks of potential interviewees are perhaps the most lucrative thing they can offer a visiting reporter. Because of this, they spend years cultivating trust with a variety of contacts, some of whom are dangerous people to displease. Parachute journalists might try to buy fixers’ local contacts, showing little regard for the years of emotional labor that led the fixers to build trust with people who might pose a threat to both the journalist and the fixer. Once the journalist arrives and the news fixer draws upon his or her contact list, another problem emerges: the fixer must ensure that the client does not upset the valuable contact by showing cultural ignorance or insensitivity. This can become a complicated dance of playing to both sides, something that many of my interviewees say is necessary in order to keep the contact for future jobs, while also helping the journalist get the interviews needed to tell the story.
Boundary-Drawing around the Proper
Authors: Bull Anna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis chapter draws on the musical biographies of the young people in this study to map out the ‘institutional ecology’ of youth classical music in England. Music conservatoires and exam boards, many established during the late Victorian period, were influential in consecrating classical music as more valuable than other genres by institutionalizing musical standards. During the 1880s and 1890s, these institutions served a demand for training ‘respectable’ middle-class femininity and reinforcing boundaries between middle and working classes. The chapter concludes by examining how this boundary-drawing around the ‘proper’ was reproduced by young people in this study today through ideas of what counted as ‘serious’ or ‘proper’ music. Such taste boundaries work to safeguard classical music’s privileged status in education and funding and reinforce its association with valued class identities.