bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabinosyl Cytosine: A Useful Agent in the Treatment of Acute Leukemia in Adults
Authors: ELLISON ROSE RUTH , HOLLAND JAMES F. , WEIL MARISE , JACQUILLAT CLAUDE , BOIRON MICHEL , BERNARD JEAN , SAWITSKY ARTHUR , ROSNER FRED , GUSSOFF BERNARD , SILVER RICHARD T. , KARANAS ARTHUR , CUTTNER JANET , SPURR CHARLES L. , HAYES DONALD M. , BLOM JOHANNES , LEONE LOUIS A. , HAURANI FARID , KYLE ROBERT , HUTCHINSON J. L. , FORCIER R. JACKSON , MOON JOHN H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Arabinosyl cytosine (ara-C), a synthetic pyrimidine nucleoside related to the normal metabolites cytidine and deoxycytidine, has been found capable of producing marrow remission at tolerable doses in acute myelocytic and acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults. There were 16 per cent remissions complete in all aspects, 3 per cent complete except for hemoglobin level, and 6 per cent partial remissions among 180 adults with acute myelocytic leukemia treated with any one of 8 variants of infusion duration or daily dose of ara-C. Twenty-four per cent of 37 adults with acute lymphocytic or unclassified leukemia had complete or partial remissions. The comparison of 1, 4, 12 and 24 hours infusion of ara-C (to total dose tolerated) does not show significant superiority for any one group. The complete remission rate with 1 or 12 hour infusions, however, is 25 per cent (superior to that obtained with 6-mercaptopurine) and the recommended schedule of treatment for ara-C based on these data is, therefore, daily infusions of 100 or 50 mg./m.2 in one hour for approximately 3 to 6 weeks followed by maintenance therapy of once weekly subcutaneous injection of 30 mg./m.2 of ara-C. Platelet transfusions should be available when ara-C is used.
Serum Antibodies Against Desipramine as a Possible Cause for Thrombocytopenia
Authors: RACHMILEWITZ ELIEZER A. , DAWSON R. BEN , RACHMILEWITZ BRACHA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In vitro tests were done on the serum and platelets of two patients who had thrombocytopenia while taking desipramine (Pertofrane®), the active metabolite of imipramine (Tofranil®).
The indirect agglutination test with barium sulfate demonstrated the presence of antibodies against desipramine (titer of 1:256). Follow-up studies showed decreasing antibody titers in both patients after discontinuation of the drug. By complete inhibition of clot retraction and by platelet agglutination, the platelets were shown to be involved in the antigen-antibody reaction.
The antibodies against desipramine were characterized as 7S-IgG types for both patients. The characterization of antibodies may prove to be a useful step in clarifying the mechanisms involved in drug-induced blood dyscrasias.
The Substructure of Human Platelet Microtubules
Authors: WHITE JAMES G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The substructure of the marginal bundle of microtubules supporting the discoid shape of platelets has been examined in negatively stained cells. Platelets were swollen first by exposure to distilled water, spread by surface tension, and mounted on carbon stabilized formvar coated grids. The findings differ from the work of previous investigators in the following ways:
1. Usually one microtubule remains in the circumferential bundle after pretreatment with distilled water.
2. The microtubules are composed of 12-15 subfilaments in parallel association. Each subfilament is composed of beads stacked in such a manner as to suggest a helical wind.
3. A diagonal pattern with a periodicity of 40 A° cuts across the long axis of the parallel subfilaments. This pattern suggests that globular subunits are 35-40 A° by 40 A° in size, and that beads on adjacent subfilaments are not in exact parallel register. Thus, the entire microtubule appears to be composed of subfilaments associated in a helical array.
4. At sites of partial fracture in microtubules, subfilaments lose their parallel association and spray out as free elements. The free subfilaments are essentially identical in appearance to hyaloplasmic microfilaments.
The relationship between subfilaments of microtubules, hyaloplasmic microfilaments, and the contractile mechanism of the platelet is discussed.
CLINICAL PROFILES
Authors: WALLERSTEIN RALPH O. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Experience by many observers in the last few years has shown that intravenously administered iron dextran is a useful and safe agent in the management of iron-deficiency anemia. The conscientious physician, who has diagnosed iron deficiency by the absence of hemosiderin in marrow or by the characteristic serum values for iron and total iron-binding capacity, may well prefer to inject the calculated correct amount of iron rather than depend on the capriciousness of the patient’s gastrointestinal tract or pill-taking habits. In clinical situations in which the doctor-patient contacts are severely limited in number, intravenous injection may be the only reliable way to administer the proper amount of iron. Treatment by intravenous injection, only after employing firm diagnostic criteria, may restore iron to its proper place in the physician’s armamentarium and elevate it from buckshot to bullet.
Brief Report: Plasma Concentrations of Hemopexin, Haptoglobin and Heme in Patients with Various Hemolytic Diseases
Authors: MULLER-EBERHARD U. , JAVID J. , LIEM H. H. , HANSTEIN A. , HANNA M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Plasma concentrations of hemopexin, haptoglobin and heme were determined in patients with various hemolytic diseases. Diminished concentrations of hemopexin were found only when the concentrations of haptoglobin were decreased; the former were not in all instances lowered to the same extent as the haptoglobin levels. Invariably, high concentrations of heme were associated with low concentrations of hemopexin.
Brief Report: Fetal Hematopoiesis—Case Report
Authors: ROSENBERG MIRIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An unusually well-preserved eleven-week, 4.7 cm. human fetus exhibited active erythropoiesis in liver, and myelopoiesis in femur and humerus; the spleen was the site for sequestration and destruction of primitive erythrocytes, and the yolk sac was fibrotic. High proportions of adult type hemoglobin (A) were found in liver homogenate, and an electrophoretically distinctive fetal form of G6PD was observed.
Splenic Macrophages in Thrombocytopenia
Authors: FIRKIN B. G. , WRIGHT R. , MILLER S. , STOKES E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Electron microscopic examination of splenic tissue obtained from patients with a variety of hematologic disorders has shown ultrastructural evidence for platelet breakdown within splenic histiocytes in seven out of eight patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (I. T. P.). The morphologic characteristics of this intracellular digestion have been described.
Acute Monocytic Leukemia as an Explanation for "Hiatus Leukemicus" and "Myelo-Monocytic Leukemia"
Authors: OSGOOD EDWIN E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The term "hiatus leukemicus" suggests a jump in cell development from an early stage to a late stage with nothing in between, analogous to changing from the appearance of a 10 year old to that of a 60 year old without any intermediate stages. The term "myelo-monocytic leukemia" suggests leukemia involving 2 distinct cell series. Better methods for identification of promonocytes indicate that both of these pictures are usually due to cases of acute monocytic leukemia misdiagnosed as chronic granulocytic leukemia. Monocytic leukemias have a greater tendency than other myelophthisic processes to chase normal immature cells of the granulocytic and erythrocytic series into the blood stream. The result is that blast and pro cells actually belonging to the monocytic series are frequently misinterpreted as myeloblasts and progranulocytes because of the association with normal progranulocytes and myelocytes. These misdiagnoses result in reports of too low a proportion of acute monocytic leukemias among the total leukemic population, account for a belief that leukemia is due to maturation arrest rather than early cell death or shortening of the n-cell life span, and for naming leukemias for cells more mature than the alpha-cell. Only the alpha-cell can maintain the necessary somatic genetic continuity.
Blast-Like Transformation Induced in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes by Cellular Injury: A Comparison of Sonication and Phytohemagglutinin
Authors: TURK ARTHUR , GLADE PHILIP R. , CHESSIN LAWRENCE N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects of sublethal sonication on short-term lymphocyte cultures were determined and compared to effects of phytohemagglutinin on similar cultures. Cells stimulated by sonication or PHA showed similar blastoid alteration, similar subtleties of trypan blue staining during the first three days of culture, and similar lysosomal patterns in the altered cells. However, cells from sonicated cultures did not display DNA or RNA synthesis rates above those seen in control cultures. In addition, trypan blue staining characteristics indicated a temporarily reversible injury in PHA stimulated cells, but not in sonicated cells.
These studies support the concept that blast-like transformation of lymphocytes is related to cell damage and possibly to subsequent increase in size and activity of lysosomes.
The Cytochemistry of Acute Leukemia: Observations on Glycogen and Neutral Fat in Bone Marrow Aspirates
Authors: BENNETT JOHN M. , DUTCHER THOMAS F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A cytochemical study of 54 cases of acute leukemia utilizing the periodic acid-Schiff reaction for glycogen and Oil Red O for neutral fat was performed on air dried bone marrow smears. The majority of leukemic lymphoblasts revealed significant amounts of glycogen and neutral fat. "Blast" cells in granulocytic leukemia were devoid of glycogen and of neutral fat. The recommendation is made that both of these histochemical stains be employed to attempt to resolve the problem of specific cellular identification in acute leukemia.
Brief Report: Stimulation of Bone Marrow Colony Growth In Vitro by Human Urine
Authors: ROBINSON W. A. , STANLEY E. R. , METCALF D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Using a new technic of bone marrow culture in agar, urine samples from 50 humans have been tested for their ability to stimulate the formation of granulocyte—mononuclear cell growth in vitro. Significant colony stimulating activity has been found with 25 out of 50 unconcentrated urine samples from both normal humans and patients with a variety of disease states.
The Measurement of Iron Absorption
Authors: COOK J. D. , LAYRISSE M. , FINCH C. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sources of variation in iron absorption measurements and methods of controlling them have been reviewed. There are marked differences in the mean level of absorption in different individuals and appreciable day-to-day variation in absorption in the same individual. Intersubject variations can be reduced by the selection of individuals with a more uniform iron requirement, but large variations remain which can be dealt with only by applying appropriate statistical methods to the skewed data obtained and by studying sufficient subjects to provide statistical validity to the results. Comparative studies of the availability of food iron are best carried out against a reference standard in the same subject, and intrasubject variations can be reduced by multiple dose administration.
Cytogenetic Findings in Erythroleukemia
Authors: HEATH CLARK W. , BENNETT JOHN M. , WHANG-PENG JACQUELINE , BERRY ELIZABETH W. , WIERNICK PETER H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cytogenetic studies of marrow cell lines were done in 10 cases of erythroleukemia and in 6 cases of potentially preleukemic refractory megaloblastic anemia. Abnormalities consisting of aneuploidy, increased polyploidy and chromosome breakage were found in 9 cases, 6 in the erythroleukemia group and 3 in the refractory anemia group. Observations in these cases support the concept that erythroleukemia is a clinical variant of acute granulocytic leukemia. They also indicate that marrow chromosome analysis can assist in the diagnosis of cases where leukemia is suspected but not clinically proven.
Immuno-Electronmicroscopic Studies of Surface Antigens of Blood Elements
Authors: Tonietti Giorgio , Andres Giuseppe A. , Accinni Lidia , Purpura Maria , Hsu Konrad C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
PART I
Immuno-Electronmicroscopic Studies of Surface Antigens of Blood Elements. I. Autoantibody on Erythrocytes in Acute Hemolytic Anemia, by Tonietti et al.
Page 179—Methods and Material: The top 6 lines on page 180 should be transposed to page 179 starting as the 3rd line under Source of Erythrocytes, and the section properly reading as follows:
Source of Erythrocytes
The patient (L.S.), a seven year old male, was studied at the Centro Nazionale Transfusione Sangue, C.R.I., in March 1967. His history of anemia dated back to May 1964. Physical examination showed a deeply jaundiced boy. On palpation of the abdomen, the liver was felt 2 cm. below the right costal margin and the spleen 3 cm. below the left costal margin. The superficial lymph nodes were minimally but definitely enlarged. Examination of the blood revealed a red cell count of 1.8 million, a total white count of 3,600 and a platelet count of 180,000 per cu. mm. Bilirubin was 4.9 mg./100 ml. and the osmotic fragility of the red blood cells was normal. The blood group was O CCDee. Etc.
Antiglobulin Tests
Direct agglutination tests performed with the patient’s erythrocytes and antiserum to human globulin and antiserum to human IgG were positive. Absorption of the antihuman globulin with pure IgG rendered the serum incapable of agglutinating the erythrocytes of the patient,6 thus showing that the antibody coating the erythrocytes was of the IgG class.
Reversible and Irreversible Sickling: a Distinction by Electron Microscopy
Authors: BERTLES JOHN F. , DÖBLER JOHANNA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fixatives having either oxidizing or reducing properties were tested in a technic designed to preserve morphologic characteristics of circulating Hb SS erythrocytes. Red cells with cytoplasmic filaments presumably composed of deoxygenated Hb S were found at random by electron microscopy in all preparations. Glutaraldehyde provided the best preservation and was used in subsequent experiments.
Venous blood from Hb SS patients was separated by ultracentrifugation into fractions rich in ISC and rich in non-ISC. The two types of erythrocytes, either oxygenated or deoxygenated, were morphologically distinct; and the aberrant appearance of ISC membranes suggested structural damage. Deoxygenation of non-ISC was associated with loose arrangements of filaments demonstrating a tendency to lie parallel within cell protuberances and in cells’ long axes. Cytoplasm of ISC, devoid of detail when oxygenated, acquired a characteristic filamentous fine structure when deoxygenated: the filament pattern implied either i) a molecular organization of hemoglobin within oxygenated ISC invisible in the electron microscope, or ii) filament formation along paths of least resistance in these irreversibly deformed cells. Behavior of ISC in a magnetic field favored the latter explanation.
These observations are consistent with at least two sequences possibly associated with reversible sickling: filament formation leads to cell distortion, or cell distortion dictates filament arrangement. Both sequences may operate, each augmenting the other. In contrast, permanent deformation of cell shape known as irreversible sickling appears to be the morphologic contribution of membranes presumably damaged during periods of prolonged sequestration.
Increased Formation of Early-Labeled Bilirubin in Rats with Iron Deficiency Anemia: Evidence for Ineffective Erythropoiesis
Authors: ROBINSON STEPHEN H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The production of early-labeled bilirubin and erythrocyte hemoglobin heme was measured in rats with iron deficiency anemia, using glycine-2-14C as precursor. The erythropoietic component of the early pigment fraction was significantly augmented and the formation of labeled hemoglobin depressed in the anemic animals, findings characteristic of ineffective erythropoiesis. By contrast, the hepatic component of early-labeled bilirubin was substantially enlarged during the acute response to iron therapy. These experiments illustrate that overproduction of bilirubin may originate from both erythropoietic and hepatic sources of the early-labeled fraction of bile pigment, as well as from hemolysis of circulating red blood cells.
Enzyme Changes and Polyribosome Profiles in Phytohemagglutinin Stimulated Lymphocytes
Authors: NADLER HENRY L. , DOWBEN ROBERT M. , HSIA DAVID Y. Y. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purified human lymphocytes stimulated with PHA were shown to have increased levels of both lysosomal and "supernatant" enzymes. A redistribution of lysosomal enzymes between bound and free enzymes was shown to occur in PHA stimulated lymphocytes within the first two hours. Polyribosome profiles and a working system of polyribosomes were obtained utilizing nitrogen cavitation for disruption of the cell’s membranes.
Brief Report: Renal Erythropoietic Factor. Lack of Effect on Hypertransfused Mice
Authors: ERSLEV A. J. , KAZAL L. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In twelve separate studies employing hypertransfused mice, attempts were made to demonstrate the generation of erythropoietin from normal serum incubated with the "Renal Erythropoietic Factor." Despite the use in some studies of preparations found effective in another laboratory, these attempts were all unsuccessful. It is concluded that the hypothesis that erythropoietin is produced by the enzymatic activation of an inactive circulating protein needs much further study before it can be accepted.
The Quantitative Distribution of the Erythron and the RE Cell in the Bone Marrow Organ of Man
Authors: NELP WIL B. , BOWER RAE ELLEN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies of the quantitative distribution of the RES and the erythron in the bone marrow of the pelvis and lower extremities were performed in a 52 year old male undergoing hemicorpectomy. 198Au colloid and transferrin bound 59Fe were injected 24 hours prior to disarticulation of the lower skeleton. Thirty-three per cent of the injected 59Fe and 3.2 per cent of the injected 198Au-colloid was recovered in the excised skeleton. By calculation approximately 84 per cent of the injected 59Fe and 8 per cent of the 198Au was deposited in the total body marrow. The spatial distribution of 198Au and 59Fe activity was essentially the same in each bone and in multiple small sections of them. The results support the concept that in normal situations the quantitative distribution of the RES and the erythron in the bone marrow organ of man is essentially identical and that radioisotope photoscanning of the marrow using radiocolloids does depict the quantitative distribution of the erythropoietic marrow.
Durable Normal Erythropoiesis in Organotypic Cultures of Guinea Pig Foetal Liver
Authors: SALVATORELLI GERMANO , GULINATI ANNA MARIA , DEL GRANDE PAOLO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is demonstrated that anemic guinea pig serum maintains erythropoiesis in organotypic cultures of fetal guinea pig liver for at least 14 days.
The action of the anemic serum seems be due to the stimulation of the differentiation of stem-cells into erythroblasts. If fetal guinea pig liver is cultured on normal serum the cytodifferentiation stops during the first days of culture whereas the maturation of normoblasts can continue for a few days. The number of stem-cells diminishes considerably and after 4 days they all disappear.
On the contrary in culture on anemic serum, their number is unaltered even after two weeks in culture and this seems to indicate that the anemic serum displays a favorable action in the maintenance of the pool of undifferentiated cells in the explants.
The Effect of Leukocyte Transfusions on Experimental Bacteremia in the Dog
Authors: EPSTEIN ROBERT B. , CLIFT REGINALD A. , THOMAS E. DONNALL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A system was developed in the irradiated dog for evaluating the effectiveness of fresh or irradiated homologous leukocyte infusions during the course of induced bacterial sepsis. Dogs with white cell counts below 1000/mm3 4 or 5 days following 1200 r. whole body irradiation were challenged with an intravenous inoculum of E. coli. Untreated animals showed an initial period of bacterial clearance followed within 24 hours by the reappearance of bacteremia. Dogs given a single transfusion of homologous leukocytes following bacterial challenge had a significantly longer period of blood sterility and subsequent survival. Leukocytes irradiated with 1000 r. were effective in extending the period of blood sterility and in prolonging life. It was concluded that the irradiated leukopenic dog challenged with a bacterial inoculum provides a model for demonstrating the usefulness of homologous leukocyte infusions.
Brief Report: Lack of Effect of L-Methionine Ingestion on 14CO2 Excretion from L-Histidine (Imidazole-2-14C) in Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Deficient Humans
Authors: STAHELIN HANNES B. , WINCHELL H. S. , KUSUBOV N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three human subjects with folic acid and one with vitamin B12 deficiency failed to show any effect of ingestion of L-methionine (400-800 µg./kg. body weight) on the production of 14CO2 from parenterally administered high specific activity L-histidine (imidazole-2-14C). It is suggested that the inhibitory effect of methionine on intestinal absorption and cell membrane transport of histidine can explain previously published effects of methionine on the oxidation of the imidazole-2 carbon atom of L-histidine and that a direct effect of methionine on histidine metabolism need not be invoked.
A Family with Three βδ-Thalassemia Homozygotes
Authors: RAMOT BRACHA , BEN-BASSAT ISAAC , GAFNI DOROTHEA , ZAANOON REYAD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An Arab family with three homozygotes for βδ-thalassemia is described. The single hemoglobin present in their red cells is fetal hemoglobin. A mild hemolytic condition was seen in the propositus, while the two other siblings are completely normal. The main differential diagnosis of this condition is homozygosity for persistent fetal hemoglobin gene.
Reduction of Oxidized Glutathione in Normal and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficient Erythrocytes and Their Hemolysates
Authors: RIEBER EGMOND E. , JAFFÉ ERNST R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
When assayed by the ability to reduce oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency of either the Negro or Caucasian mutant variety could be demonstrated in hemolysates only with hemoglobin concentrations below 2.0 Gm. per 100 ml. In intact erythrocytes, the inability to regenerate reduced glutathione was apparent regardless of the concentration of red cells. The process of hemolysis, therefore, appeared to permit the demonstration of higher levels of activity in G-6-PD deficient human erythrocytes than was possible in intact cells. A markedly deficient capacity to regenerate endogenous reduced glutathione or to reduce exogenous oxidized glutathione, however, could be demonstrated with the hemolysate of erythrocytes from a patient with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia associated with a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. These studies have emphasized the hazards involved in extrapolating the results of studies performed with hemolysates to metabolic processes within intact erythrocytes.