bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contamination status and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediment of Kelantan River and its nearshore area, Malaysia
Authors: Pooveneswary Nagaiah , Bin Abu Bakar Ahmad Farid , Wei Bong Chui , Weng Lee Choon , Ai Jun Wang , Amir Hassan Meor Hakif Bin , Mohamad Yunus Rossita , Pauzi Zakaria Mohamad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A study on contamination status and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediment at selected sites on Kelantan River and its nearshore area was carried out. Ten samples along Kelantan River and 25 samples from the nearshore were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to determine heavy metal concentrations. Sediment samples were also analyzed for particle size compositions, total organic matter and pH content. The average concentrations for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn were 7.38, 1.31, 17.71, 11.40, 507.15, 5.97, 22.61, 32.95 mg/kg for riverine and 14.14, 4.59, 29.79, 14.07, 389.96, 9.65, 62.21, 41.04 mg/kg for nearshore samples respectively. The potential ecological risk index showed stations Bekok, Manek Urai, and RH under considerable risk followed by station Pasir Mas under moderate risk. The pollution load index classified four nearshore sites (KW10, KW17, KW18, KW37) as polluted. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) categorized moderate contamination for Cd and Pb. The enrichment factor (EF) along the river categorized extremely high enrichment for Cd, and significant enrichment for As, Pb and Mn while Pb and As were under very high and significant enrichment in nearshore areas. Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Ni and Cr showed significant correlations with each other.
O SOCIAL E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS: DESLIZAMENTOS SEM NTICOS E TRADUÇÕES OPERATÓRIAS DO ÍNDICE DE VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL EM PARCERIAS TRANSNACIONAIS ENTRE ONGS NO BRASIL
Authors: Breda Roselene de Lima 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo se insere no debate sobre a emergência e expansão do modelo de parcerias transnacionais entre organizações voltadas à superação da pobreza no Brasil, desde os anos 1990. Aborda a mobilização do índice de vulnerabilidadesocialcomo grade de inteligibilidade de processos multiescalares nas parecerias estabelecidas entre uma ONG, aqui chamada de FINANCIADORA, e uma de suas ONGs PARCEIRAS.Para compreender a natureza desta relação mobilizo: i) pesquisa documental centrada em textos e normativas que direcionam a atuação da ONG FINANCIADORA; ii) pesquisa de campo, de cunho etnográfico, no Escritório Nacional da ONG FINANCIADORA, em Belo Horizonte/MG, e na sede de uma ONG PARCEIRA, no Cariri cearense. Da análise entre as escalas nas quais se desenvolve tal parceria desvelam-se mecanismos de mediação e tradução impulsionadores do uso do índice de vulnerabilidadesocialna estruturação de uma estratégia de gestão da pobreza que faz uso das “tecnologias sociais”.
Therapeutic Aptamers: Evolving to Find their Clinical Niche
Authors: Nimjee Shahid M. , Sullenger Bruce A. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The discovery that short oligonucleotides, termed aptamers, can fold into
three-dimensional structures that allow them to selectively bind and inhibit the activity of pathogenic
proteins is now over 25 years old. The invention of the SELEX methodology heralded in an era in
which such nucleic acid-based ligands could be generated against a wide variety of therapeutic targets.

Results:
A large number of aptamers have now been identified by combinatorial chemistry methods in
the laboratory and moreover, an increasing number have been discovered in nature. The affinities and
activities of such aptamers have often been compared to that of antibodies, yet only a few of these
agents have made it into clinical studies compared to a large and increasing number of therapeutic antibodies.
One therapeutic aptamer targeting VEGF has made it to market, while 3 others have advanced
as far as phase III clinical trials.

Conclusion:
In this manuscript, we hope the reader appreciates that the success of aptamers becoming
a class of drugs is less about nucleic acid biochemistry and more about target validation and overall
drug chemistry.
Curcumin-C3 Complexed with α-, β-cyclodextrin Exhibits Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties Suitable for Cancer Treatments
Authors: Reddy Desu N. K. , Kumar Ramya , Wang Shao-Pin , Huang Fu-Yung 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The curcumin-C3 (cur-C3) complex obtained from Curcuma longa rhizome is a combination
of three curcuminoids, namely, curcumin, dimethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Cur and curcuminoids
have been extensively researched for their wide range of therapeutic properties against inflammatory diseases,
diabetes, and cancer.

Objective:
In spite of their extensive medicinal properties, cur and curcuminoids have poor solubility and bioavailability
due to their hydrophobicity. This limitation can be overcome by complexing cur-C3 with natural cyclic oligosaccharides,
such as Cyclodextrin (CD).

Methods:
In this study, cur-C3 and CD (α, β) inclusion complexes (ICs) were prepared with different molar ratios
and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and
transmission electron microscopy.

Results:
The cur-C3 cyclodextrin ICs showed an increased entrapment efficiency of 97.8% and improved antioxidant
activity compared to cur and can be used as an antioxidant to reduce cancer-related oxidative stress. Additionally, α-
CD ICs of curcumin-C3 caused an increase in growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that both α- and β-CDs are suitable carriers for cur-C3 and can be used as an effective
treatment for cancer-associated oxidative stress and as a preventive treatment for nosocomial infections and
pneumonia.
The Role of MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Naeli Parisa , Yousefi Fatemeh , Ghasemi Younes , Savardashtaki Amir , Mirzaei Hamed 
Published: October 2019

:
Lung cancer is the first cause of cancer death in the world due to its high
prevalence, aggressiveness, late diagnosis, lack of effective treatment and poor
prognosis. It also shows high rate of recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance. All
these problems highlight the urgent needs for developing new strategies using noninvasive
biomarkers for early detection, metastasis and recurrence of disease.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene
expression post-transcriptionally. These molecules found to be abnormally expressed in
increasing number of human disease conditions including cancer. miRNAs could be
detected in body fluids such as blood, serum, urine and sputum, which leads us towards
the idea of using them as non-invasive biomarker for cancer detection and monitoring
cancer treatment and recurrence. miRNAs are found to be deregulated in lung cancer
initiation and progression and could regulate lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion.
In this review, we summarized recent progress and discoveries in microRNAs regulatory
role in lung cancer initiation and progression. In addition, the role of microRNAs in EGFR
signaling pathway regulation is discussed briefly.
Modeling Neuronal Diseases in Zebrafish in the Era of CRISPR
Authors: Espino-Saldaña Angeles Edith , Rodríguez-Ortiz Roberto , Pereida-Jaramillo Elizabeth , Martínez-Torres Ataúlfo 
Published: October 2019

Background:Danio rerio is a powerful experimental model for studies in genetics and development. Recently, CRISPR technology has been applied in this species to mimic various human diseases, including those affecting the nervous system. Zebrafish offer multiple experimental advantages: external embryogenesis, rapid development, transparent embryos, short life cycle, and basic neurobiological processes shared with humans. This animal model, together with the CRISPR system, emerging imaging technologies, and novel behavioral approaches, lay the basis for a prominent future in neuropathology and will undoubtedly accelerate our understanding of brain function and its disorders.Objective:Gather relevant findings from studies that have used CRISPR technologies in zebrafish to explore basic neuronal function and model human diseases.Method:We systematically reviewed the most recent literature about CRISPR technology applications for understanding brain function and neurological disorders in D. rerio. We highlighted the key role of CRISPR in driving forward our understanding of particular topics in neuroscience.Results:We show specific advances in neurobiology when the CRISPR system has been applied in zebrafish and describe how CRISPR is accelerating our understanding of brain organization.Conclusion:Today, CRISPR is the preferred method to modify genomes of practically any living organism. Despite the rapid development of CRISPR technologies to generate disease models in zebrafish, more efforts are needed to efficiently combine different disciplines to find the etiology and treatments for many brain diseases.
Prevalence and Associates of Foot Deformities among Patients with Diabetes in Jordan
Authors: Ababneh Anas , Bakri Faris G. , Khader Yousef , Lazzarini Peter , Ajlouni Kamel 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, people with foot deformities,
among patients with diabetes in Jordan.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 diabetic participants recruited from the National
Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics in Jordan. Participants had their feet clinically
examined to detect the following foot deformity outcomes: Hallux valgus, claw/hammer toe, prominent
metatarsal heads, limited joint mobility, pes cavus, Charcot foot, and amputations. Sociodemographic
and health variables were also collected from participants’ interviews, medical records, or clinical examination.
Logistic regression was used to analyse associations between variables and each foot deformity
outcome.

Results:
Of the 1000 diabetic patients: Hallux valgus was found in 17.4%, claw\hammer toe in 16%,
prominent metatarsal head in 14.2%, limited joint mobility in 9.4%, pes cavus in 3.2%, Charcot foot in
2.1%, and amputations in 1.7%. Hallux valgus was associated with gender (p=0.012), age (p<0.01) and
shoe choices (p=0.031); claw\hammer toe was associated with age (p=0.04), retinopathy (p<0.001), sensory
and painful neuropathy (p<0.001); limited joint mobility was associated with age only (p=0.001);
Charcot foot was associated with glycemic control (p=0.016), hypertension (p<0.000), sensory neuropathy
(p<0.001), and painful neuropathy (p<0.001); and, amputations were associated with duration of
diabetes (p<0.043), sensory neuropathy (p=0.001), and painful neuropathy (p=0.001).

Conclusion:
Prevalence of different foot deformities in Jordan variedbetween 1.7% - 17.4%. Sociodemographic
factors such as age, gender and shoes choices or presence of diabetes-related microvascular
complications (neuropathy and retinopathy) or hypertension were independently associated with foot
deformities among the Jordanian diabetic population.
Analyzing Nursing Students’ Relation to Electronic Health and Technology as Individuals and Students and in Their Future Career (the eNursEd Study): Protocol for a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Anderberg Peter , Björling Gunilla , Stjernberg Louise , Bohman Doris 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe nursing profession has undergone several changes in the past decades, and new challenges are to come in the future; patients are now cared for in their home, hospitals are more specialized, and primary care will have a key role. Health informatics is essential in all core competencies in nursing. From an educational perspective, it is of great importance that students are prepared for the new demands and needs of the patients. From a societal point of view, the society, health care included, is facing several challenges related to technological developments and digitization. Preparation for the next decade of nursing education and practice must be done, without the advantage of certainty. A training for not-yet-existing technologies where educators should not be limited by present practice paradigms is desirable. This study presents the design, method, and protocol for a study that investigates undergraduate nursing students’ internet use, knowledge about electronic health (eHealth), and attitudes to technology and how experiences of eHealth are handled during the education in a multicenter study.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this research project is to describe the design of a longitudinal study and a qualitative substudy consisting of the following aspects that explore students’ knowledge about and relation to technology and eHealth: (1) what pre-existing knowledge and interest of this area the nursing students have and (2) how (and if) is it present in their education, (3) how do the students perceive this knowledge in their future career role, and (4) to what extent is the education capable of managing this knowledge?MethodsThe study consists of two parts: a longitudinal study and a qualitative substudy. Students from the BSc in Nursing program from the Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden, and from the Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm/Huddinge, Sweden, were included in this study.ResultsThe study is ongoing. Data analysis is currently underway, and the first results are expected to be published in 2019.ConclusionsThis study presents the design of a longitudinal study and a qualitative substudy. The eHealth in Nursing Education eNursEd study will answer several important questions about nursing students’ attitudes toward and use of information and communications technology in their private life, their education, and their emerging profession. Knowledge from this study will be used to compare different nursing programs and students’ knowledge about and relation to technology and eHealth. Results will also be communicated back to nursing educators to improve the teaching of eHealth, health informatics, and technology.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/14643
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FORMULATION VARIABLES ON RELEASE CHARACTERISTICS OF GASTRO-FLOATING MICROSPHERES OF ETHYL CELLULOSE/CARBOPOL 934P ENCAPSULATING SORAFENIB
Authors: AHMED MAHMOUD M. 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to prepare floating hollow microspheres encapsulating Sorafenib (SFN) to enhance its oral bioavailability.
Methods: Gastro-floating hollow adhesive microspheres containing SFN were produced by using an emulsion solvent evaporation technique with ether and ethanol as solvents. Ethyl cellulose and carbopol 934P were used as the encapsulating carriers. The effects of formulation parameters like, solvent volume ratio, and drug to polymer ratio (D: P ratio), encapsulation eﬃciency percentage EE%, floating percentage, and release of SFN after 12 h (Rel12) were investigated and analyzed using a (32) full factorial design.
Results: The floating percentage of the microspheres was found to be 76.5%. The in vitro drug release from these hollow microspheres followed the Higuchi model equation. The in vivo results showed that approximately 1.96-fold improvement in the relative bioavailability of the microspheres compared with that of the commercial tablet.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the hollow microspheres with good gastro-floating ability are a promising delivery system to enhance SFN bioavailability.
Orphan drug designation in Europe-Procedural guidance and challenges
Authors: Nicolodi Christina 
Published: October 2019

The European legislative framework on orphan medicinal products was implemented to stimulate the development of medicinal products against rare diseases and to ensure the patient’s adequate access to qualitative and specific treatment methods. Between 2000 and 2018 3210 orphan drug designation applications were submitted in Europe of which 2121 orphan designations have been issued by the European Commission. (1) Though the definitions for orphan medicinal products and the regulatory procedures are well defined, a high degree of regulatory knowledge is needed and strategic decisions on the development program must be considered at a very early stage of development: in fact, only 164 of the 2121 designated orphan development products have resulted in authorised orphan medicinal products since the orphan legislation was implemented.
In this article, the requirements and procedures for the orphan designation application and maintenance at the time of marketing authorisation application are discussed in the context of the European Regulation.
Brinquedos óticos ensinando design: a evolução de uma atividade
Authors: Cruz Gabriel Filipe Santiago , Couto Rita Maria de Souza , Ribeiro Flavia Nizia da Fonseca 
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo, apresentado como trabalho no I Seminário Brasileiro de Estudos em Animação, propõe dar continuidade a divulgação dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa da Tese Briquedos óticos animados e o Ensino de Design e ao artigo de mesmo nome publicado na revista Educação Gráfica ed. 21 de abril de 2017, que propõe uma metodologia interdisciplinar para a criação de objetos óticos, que possa ser utilizada como material didático no ensino de Design. Para isso foi proposta uma metodologia de pesquisa-ação, onde foi realizada em sala de aula uma atividade que consiste no desenvolvimento de releitura dos chamados brinquedos óticos criados entre os séculos XVII e XIX e que são considerados os antecedentes do cinema de animação. Tal atividade trouxe desafios aos estudantes de design que vivendo imersos na tecnologia digital, apresentam resistência ao uso de tecnologias analogicas na vida acadêmica e profissional. Este trabalho descreve a metodologia aplicada a pesquisa e apresenta algumas das propostas realizadas após a primeira experiência previa ja publicada.
MODEL MENTAL SISWA TENTANG TERMOKIMIA
Authors: Dewi Komang Melina , Suja I Wayan , Sastrawidana I Dewa Ketut 
Published: October 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan profil model mental dan faktor-faktor penyebab terbentuknya model mental alternatif siswa kelas XI tentang termokimia di SMA Negeri Bali Mandara. Penelitian ini menggunakan mixed methods jenis sekuensial. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, pemberian tes hasil belajar dua tingkat, dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif berdasarkan hubungan antara jawaban siswa dan argumentasinya dengan melibatkan tiga level kimia. Teknik analisis data hasil wawancara meliputi tahap reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa profil model mental siswa kelas XI tentang termokimia, meliputi 1,94 % model mental ilmiah dan 98,05% model mental alternatif, yang terdiri atas 28,19% miskonsepsi khusus dan 69,86% benar sebagian. Faktor-faktor penyebab terbentuknya model mental alternatif pada pikiran siswa, meliputi rendahnya minat belajar siswa, kurangnya pemahaman siswa tentang termokimia, kurangnya perhatian siswa ketika pembelajaran, metode mengajar yang diterapkan guru tidak mencankup tiga level kimia dan padatnya kegiatan sekolah.Kata-kata kunci : termokimia, model mental, model mental alternatif.AbstractThis research was aimed describe and explain the profile of the mental models and the factors that cause the formation of alternative mental models of class XI students about thermochemistry at Bali Mandara High School. This research uses a sequential type mixed methods. Data collection was carried out by observation, giving two-level learning outcomes tests, and interviews. Data analysis is carried out descriptively, based on the relationship between student answers and their arguments involving three chemical levels. The technique of analyzing data from interviews includes the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this research indicate that the profile of the mental model of class XI students about thermochemistry includes 1.94% of the scientific mental model and 98.05% of the alternative mental models, which consist of 28.19% special misconceptions and 69.86% are partly correct. Factors that cause the formation of alternative mental models on the minds of students, including the low interest in student learning, lack of student understanding of thermochemistry, lack of attention of students when learning, teaching methods applied by teachers do not cover three chemical levels and the density of school activities.Key words: thermochemistry, mental models, alternative mental models.
MODEL MENTAL SISWA PADA SUBPOKOK BAHASAN PERUBAHAN MATERI
Authors: Diantari Putu Eka Sukma , Suja I Wayan , Sastrawidana I Dewa Ketut 
Published: October 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan profil model mental siswa serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab terbentuknya model mental alternatif siswa pada subpokok bahasan perubahan materi di SMP Negeri 2 Singaraja. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mix methods jenis sekuensial. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, pemberian tes diagnostik dua tingkat (two-tier), dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan profil model mental siswa kelas VII pada subpokok bahasan perubahan materi 5,30% tergolong model mental ilmiah, serta 92,38% mengalami model mental alternatif, yang meliputi 69,81% memiliki model mental benar sebagian dan 22,57% memiliki model mental miskonsepsi khusus. Sedangkan sisanya, sebanyak 2,32% tidak memberikan tanggapan. Faktor penyebab terbentuknya model mental alternatif pada pikiran siswa, meliputi minat dan motivasi belajar siswa rendah, pemaknaan konsep-konsep perubahan materi rendah, pemahaman konsep pendukung terkait perubahan materi rendah, pemahaman terhadap ketiga level kimia (level makroskopis, level submikroskopis, dan level simbolik) beserta interkoneksinya rendah, buku teks (paket) yang digunakan kurang lengkap, dan strategi mengajar yang diterapkan oleh guru tidak tepat.Kata-kata kunci: perubahan materi, model mental, model mental alternatif.AbstractThis research was aimed to describe and explain the profile of mental model students and identify the factors that cause the formation of an alternative mental model students on the subject of material changes at SMP Negeri 2 Singaraja. This research is a mix methods approach, type sequential. Data collection was carried out by observation, giving two-tier diagnostic tests, and interviews. The results showed the profile of mental class VII grade students on the subject of material change 5.30% classified as a scientific mental model, and 92.38% experienced an alternative mental model, which included 69.81% having a partially correct mental model and 22.57% having special mental misconception models. While the rest, as much as 2.32% did not give a response. Factors that cause the formation of alternative mental models on students minds, including low interest and student learning motivation, meaning concepts of low material change, understanding of supporting concepts related to low material changes, understanding of all three chemical levels (macroscopic level, submicroscopic level, and symbolic level) along with the low interconnection, the textbook (package) used is incomplete, and the teaching strategy applied by the teacher is not appropriate.Keywords: change materials, mental model, alternative mental model