bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human-sized magnetic particle imaging for brain applications
Authors: Graeser M. , Thieben F. , Szwargulski P. , Werner F. , Gdaniec N. , Boberg M. , Griese F. , Möddel M. , Ludewig P. , van de Ven D. , Weber O. M. , Woywode O. , Gleich B. , Knopp T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDetermining the brain perfusion is an important task for diagnosis of vascular diseases such as occlusions and intracerebral haemorrhage. Even after successful diagnosis, there is a high risk of restenosis or rebleeding such that patients need intense attention in the days after treatment. Within this work, we present a diagnostic tomographic imager that allows access to brain perfusion quantitatively in short intervals. The device is based on the magnetic particle imaging technology and is designed for human scale. It is highly sensitive and allows the detection of an iron concentration of 263 pmolFe ml−1, which is one of the lowest iron concentrations imaged by MPI so far. The imager is self-shielded and can be used in unshielded environments such as intensive care units. In combination with the low technical requirements this opens up a variety of medical applications and would allow monitoring of stroke on intensive care units.
Coupling carbon and energy fluxes in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Grabowski Eric , Letelier Ricardo M. , Laws Edward A. , Karl David M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe major biogeochemical cycles of marine ecosystems are driven by solar energy. Energy that is initially captured through photosynthesis is transformed and transported to great ocean depths via complex, yet poorly understood, energy flow networks. Herein we show that the chemical composition and specific energy (Joules per unit mass or organic carbon) of sinking particulate matter collected in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre reveal dramatic changes in the upper 500 m of the water column as particles sink and age. In contrast to these upper water column processes, particles reaching the deep sea (4000 m) are energy-replete with organic carbon-specific energy values similar to surface phytoplankton. These enigmatic results suggest that the particles collected in the abyssal zone must be transported by rapid sinking processes. These fast-sinking particles control the pace of deep-sea benthic communities that live a feast-or-famine existence in an otherwise energy-depleted habitat.
Differential human antibody repertoires following Zika infection and the implications for serodiagnostics and disease outcome
Authors: Ravichandran Supriya , Hahn Megan , Belaunzarán-Zamudio Pablo F. , Ramos-Castañeda José , Nájera-Cancino Gabriel , Caballero-Sosa Sandra , Navarro-Fuentes Karla R. , Ruiz-Palacios Guillermo , Golding Hana , Beigel John H. , Khurana Surender 
Published: April 2019

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Americas led to extensive efforts to develop vaccines and ZIKV-specific diagnostics. In the current study, we use whole genome phage display library spanning the entire ZIKV genome (ZIKV-GFPDL) for in-depth immune profiling of IgG and IgM antibody repertoires in serum and urine longitudinal samples from individuals acutely infected with ZIKV. We observe a very diverse IgM immune repertoire encompassing the entire ZIKV polyprotein on day 0 in both serum and urine. ZIKV-specific IgG antibodies increase 10-fold between day 0 and day 7 in serum, but not in urine; these are highly focused on prM/E, NS1 and NS2B. Differential antibody affinity maturation is observed against ZIKV structural E protein compared with nonstructural protein NS1. Serum antibody affinity to ZIKV-E protein inversely correlates with ZIKV disease symptoms. Our study provides insight into unlinked evolution of immune response to ZIKV infection and identified unique targets for ZIKV serodiagnostics.
Circularly polarized light detection using chiral hybrid perovskite
Authors: Chen Chao , Gao Liang , Gao Wanru , Ge Cong , Du Xinyuan , Li Zha , Yang Ying , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCircularly polarized light (CPL) detection is required in various fields such as drug screening, security surveillance and quantum optics. Conventionally, CPL photodetector needs the installation of optical elements, imposing difficulties for integrated and flexible devices. The established CPL detectors without optical elements rely on chiral organic semiconductor and metal metamaterials, but they suffer from extremely low responsivity. Organic-inorganic hybrid materials combine CPL-sensitive absorption induced by chiral organics and efficient charge transport of inorganic frameworks, providing an option for direct CPL detection. Here we report the CPL detector using chiral organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, and obtain a device with responsivity of 797 mA W-1, detectivity of 7.1 × 1011 Jones, 3-dB frequency of 150 Hz and one-month stability, a competitive combined feature for circularly polarized light detection. Thanks to the solution processing, we further demonstrate flexible devices on polyethylene terephthalate substrate with comparable performance.
Room temperature electrofreezing of water yields a missing dense ice phase in the phase diagram
Authors: Zhu Weiduo , Huang Yingying , Zhu Chongqin , Wu Hong-Hui , Wang Lu , Bai Jaeil , Yang Jinlong , Francisco Joseph S. , Zhao Jijun , Yuan Lan-Feng , Zeng Xiao Cheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWater can freeze into diverse ice polymorphs depending on the external conditions such as temperature (T) and pressure (P). Herein, molecular dynamics simulations show evidence of a high-density orthorhombic phase, termed ice χ, forming spontaneously from liquid water at room temperature under high-pressure and high external electric field. Using free-energy computations based on the Einstein molecule approach, we show that ice χ is an additional phase introduced to the state-of-the-art T–P phase diagram. The χ phase is the most stable structure in the high-pressure/low-temperature region, located between ice II and ice VI, and next to ice V exhibiting two triple points at 6.06 kbar/131.23 K and 9.45 kbar/144.24 K, respectively. A possible explanation for the missing ice phase in the T–P phase diagram is that ice χ is a rare polarized ferroelectric phase, whose nucleation/growth occurs only under very high electric fields.
Exposure to violence affects the development of moral impressions and trust behavior in incarcerated males
Authors: Siegel Jenifer Z. , Estrada Suzanne , Crockett Molly J. , Baskin-Sommers Arielle 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIndividuals exposed to community violence are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior, resulting in a dramatic increase in contact with justice and social service systems. Theoretical accounts suggest that disruptions in learning underlie the link between exposure to violence and maladaptive behaviors. However, empirical evidence specifying these processes is sparse. Here, in a sample of incarcerated males, we investigated how exposure to violence affects the ability to learn about the harmfulness of others and use this information to adaptively modulate trust behavior. Exposure to violence does not impact the ability to accurately develop beliefs about agents’ harm preferences and predict their choices. However, exposure to violence disrupts the ability to form moral impressions that dissociate between agents with distinguishable harm preferences, and subsequently, the ability to adjust trust behavior towards different agents. These findings reveal a process that may explain the association between exposure to violence and maladaptive behavior.
Accurate high throughput alignment via line sweep-based seed processing
Authors: Schmidt Markus , Heese Klaus , Kutzner Arne 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccurate and fast aligners are required to handle the steadily increasing volume of sequencing data. Here we present an approach allowing performant alignments of short reads (Illumina) as well as long reads (Pacific Bioscience, Ultralong Oxford Nanopore), while achieving high accuracy, based on a universal three-stage scheme. It is also suitable for the discovery of insertions and deletions that originate from structural variants. We comprehensively compare our approach to other state-of-the-art aligners in order to confirm its performance with respect to accuracy and runtime. As part of our algorithmic scheme, we introduce two line sweep-based techniques called “strip of consideration” and “seed harmonization”. These techniques represent a replacement for chaining and do not rely on any specially tailored data structures. Additionally, we propose a refined form of seeding on the foundation of the FMD-index.
Author Correction: Gene correction for SCID-X1 in long-term hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Pavel-Dinu Mara , Wiebking Volker , Dejene Beruh T. , Srifa Waracharee , Mantri Sruthi , Nicolas Carmencita E. , Lee Ciaran , Bao Gang , Kildebeck Eric J. , Punjya Niraj , Sindhu Camille , Inlay Matthew A. , Saxena Nivedita , DeRavin Suk See , Malech Harry , Roncarolo Maria Grazia , Weinberg Kenneth I. , Porteus Matthew H. 
Published: April 2019

The original version of this Article omitted the following from the Acknowledgements: “G.B. acknowledges the support from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RR140081 and RR170721).”This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Oxygen-diffusion-driven oxidation behavior and tracking areas visualized by X-ray spectro-ptychography with unsupervised learning
Authors: Hirose Makoto , Ishiguro Nozomu , Shimomura Kei , Nguyen Duong-Nguyen , Matsui Hirosuke , Dam Hieu Chi , Tada Mizuki , Takahashi Yukio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOxygen storage and release with oxygen diffusion in the bulk of the cerium–zirconium solid solution oxide Ce2Zr2Ox (x = 7–8), which possesses an atomically ordered arrangement of cerium and zirconium atoms, is the key to three-way exhaust catalysis. Oxygen storage proceeds via heterogeneous oxygen diffusion into the vacant sites of Ce2Zr2O7 particles, but the heterogeneous oxygen diffusion track is erased after oxygen storage in the Ce2Zr2Ox bulk. Here we show three-dimensional hard X-ray spectro-ptychography to clearly visualize the three-dimensional cerium valence map in Ce2Zr2Ox particles, and unsupervised learning reveals the concealed oxygen-diffusion-driven three-dimensional nanoscale cerium oxidation behavior and tracking areas inside individual mixed-oxide particles during the oxygen storage process. The described approach may permit the nanoscale chemical imaging of reaction tracking areas in solid materials.
Expression level of GAS6-mRNA influences the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yang Xinrui , Shi Jinlong , Zhang Xinpei , Zhang Gaoqi , Zhang Jilei , Yang Siyuan , Wang Jing , Ke Xiaoyan , Fu Lin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
As high expression level of growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) had an adverse effect on prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, it is interesting to reveal the relationship between GAS6-mRNA level and the survival condition of AML patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We screened The Cancer Genome Atlas database and found 71 AML patients with GAS6-mRNA expression and received allo-HSCT treatments. We divided them into two groups based on the median expression of GAS6-mRNA. Patients with GAS6-mRNAhigh (n=36) seemed to have lower bone marrow (BM) blast (P=0.022), lower percentage of type M5 (P=0.034), lower percentage of inv(16)/CBFβ-MYH11 karyotype (P=0.020), and lower rate of good risk classification (P=0.005) than the group GAS6-mRNAlow (n= 35). Higher expression level of GAS6-mRNA also brought higher RUNX1 mutations (P=0.003), MLL-PTD mutations (P=0.042), TP53 mutations (P=0.042), and lower NRAS/KRAS mutations (P=0.042). Univariate analyses showed that GAS6-mRNA was unfavorable for overall survival (OS) (P=0.044), as RUNX1 and WT1 also gave negative influences. Multivariate analyses confirmed that GAS6-mRNA cut down the event-free servival (EFS) and OS of AML patients with HSCT (P=0.029, P=0.025). Our study indicated that higher expression of GAS6-mRNA related with adverse effects in AML patients with HSCT treatment.
Aktuelle Optionen zur Behandlung der Riesenzellarteriitis
Authors: Moosig Frank , Schmalzing Marc , Aries Peer , Henes Jörg , Lamprecht Peter , Rech Jürgen , Witte Torsten 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo prevent serious complications such as permanent loss of vision and structural vascular damage, treatment must be initiated quickly in patients with giant-cell arteritis (GCA). So far, usually long-term corticosteroids in cumulative high dosages have been the standard therapy option. However, steroids are often insufficient to achieve adequate disease control and are associated with serious adverse events. Therefore, steroid-sparing therapy options are the focus of interest.
Neue Wege in der Seniorenverpflegung: Evaluation einer protein- und energiedichten Kost für ältere Menschen in einem geriatrischen Spital
Authors: Coenegracht Chantal , Urgese Tanja 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im Felix Platter-Spital in Basel wurden 2015 – 2016 die hausinternen Ernährungsrichtlinien an die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zur geriatriegerechten Ernährung angepasst: Die Portionsgröße wurde auf 2/3 verkleinert bei gleichbleibender Nährstoff- bzw. verhältnismäßig höheren Proteinzufuhr; die Proteine wurden gleichmäßig über die 3 Hauptmahlzeiten verteilt und jede Mahlzeit enthielt mindestens 20 – 25 g Protein.In diesem Artikel wird evaluiert, ob Patienten nach diesen Anpassungen mehr Protein und Energie zu sich nehmen (Erhöhung von mind. 200 kcal und 10 g Protein/Tag).
Methoden Die Erfassung der Nahrungsaufnahme mittels dem hausinternen Ernährungsprotokoll (BEOP) wurde auf allen Stationen des Spitals durchgeführt. Das Team der Ernährungsberatung dokumentierte 2016 im Juli, August, September (alter Kostform) und in den gleichen Monaten in 2017 (neuer Kostform) von allen Patienten mit einem Nutritional Risk Score ≥ 4 das BEOP.
Ergebnisse Die durchschnittliche Proteinaufnahme erhöhte sich um 16 g/Tag (34 %), von 47 g auf 63 g Protein/Tag (KI: 11,4 – 20,6 g; α: 0,05).Die durchschnittliche Erhöhung der Energieaufnahme betrug 182 kcal (15 %) (KI: 76 – 288 kcal; α: 0,05) und erreichte damit knapp nicht die vorausgesetzte Erhöhung von mindestens 200 kcal. Trotzdem wird sie als klinisch relevant gewertet.
Schlussfolgerung Mit unserem Menü Compact zeigen wir Möglichkeiten auf, die Nahrungsaufnahme von multimorbiden geriatrischen Patienten im Spital durch Anpassung der Zubereitung und der Gestaltung des Menüs erfolgreich zu erhöhen.
Reproduzierbarkeit der Neurografie – explorative Untersuchung
Authors: Buchner Helmut , Schönlau Lars 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungFür klinische Entscheidungen ist die Sicherheit eines Messergebnisses und seine Variabilität ist sehr bedeutsam. Für die Neurografie liegen nur wenige Untersuchen zur Reproduzierbarkeit – Reliabilität – vor. Die vorliegende exporative Studie hatte die Ziele Schätzwerte für die beste mögliche Re-Test-Reliabilität und Hypothesen für weitere Untersuchungen mit mehr Variablen zu erstellen. Dazu wurden Nerven von 10 Gesunden von einem Untersucher an einem Typ des Neurografiegeräts gemessen.Die F-Wellen und die motorische Leitgeschwindigkeiten in den Segmenten von Unterschenkel und Unterarm waren mit ca. 5% Abweichungen reproduzierbar. Die sensiblen Leitgeschwindigkeiten waren mit unter 10% Abweichung reproduzierbar.Die Amplituden der motorischen Aktionspotenziale und der sensiblen Nervenantwortpotenziale haben eine begrenzte Reproduzierbarkeit.Die Bewertung der Messwerte muss mit deutlicher Zurückhaltung erfolgen. Es ist zu erwarten, dass die Reliabilität bei Vergleichen zwischen Untersuchern deutlich geringer ist.
Types A and D Trichothecene Mycotoxins from the Fungus Myrothecium roridum
Authors: Lakornwong Waranya , Kanokmedhakul Kwanjai , Soytong Kasem , Unartngam Arm , Tontapha Sarawut , Amornkitbamrung Vittaya , Kanokmedhakul Somdej 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChromatographic separation of extracts from the fungal biomass of a plant pathogenic fungus, Myrothecium roridum, yielded 8 trichothecene toxins including 6 type D trichothecenes (1–6) and 2 type A trichothecenes (7–8). 6′,12′-Epoxymyrotoxin A (1) and 7′-hydroxymytoxin B (2) were new macrocyclic trichothecenes, while the other trichothecenes were identified as myrotoxin B (3), myrotoxin D hydrate (4), 2′,3′-epoxymyrothecine A (5), miotoxin A (6), and 2 trichothecenes lacking the macrocyclic lactone system, roridin L-2 (7) and trichoverritone (8). The structures of these mycotoxins were characterized using spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by NOESY and a comparison of their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Most of these mycotoxins (1–4 and 6) exhibited highly potent antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. They also showed strong cytotoxicity towards KB and NCI-H187 cell lines (IC50 0.60 – 112.28 nM), as well as the Vero cell line (IC50 1.50 – 46.51 nM).
High Yield of Bioactive Abietane Diterpenes in Salvia sclarea Hairy Roots by Overexpressing Cyanobacterial DXS or DXR Genes
Authors: Vaccaro Mariacarmela , Ocampo Bernal Vivian , Malafronte Nicola , De Tommasi Nunziatina , Leone Antonietta 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAbietane diterpenoids, containing a quinone moiety, are synthesized in the roots of several Salvia species. Promising cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activities have been reported for these compounds in various cell and animal models. We have recently shown that aethiopinone, an o-naphto-quinone diterpene, produced in the roots of different Salvia species, is selectively cytotoxic against the A375 melanoma cell line. To enhance the synthesis of this abietane diterpenoid, we have engineered the plastidial 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate-derived isoprenoid pathway in Salvia sclarea hairy roots by ectopic expression and plastid targeting of cyanobacterial genes encoding the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase or 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase gene, the first two enzymatic steps of the plastidial MEP pathway, from which plant diterpenes primarily derive. Plastid-targeted expression of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase proteins significantly enhanced the yield of aethiopinone by a 3-fold and about 6-fold increase, respectively. The accumulation of other abietane-type diterpenes (ferruginol, salvipisone, and carnosic acid), with interesting antiproliferative activity, was also increased. Compared to our previous data obtained by overexpressing the plant orthologous 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase genes in S. sclarea hairy roots, the results presented here confirm that the bacterial 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase enzyme plays a major role than the DXS enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of this class of compounds and that its ectopic expression does not conflict with active hairy root growth, resulting in a balanced trade-off between the transgenic hairy root final biomass and the increased content of o-naphto-quinone diterpenes, with interesting biological activities.
Considerations in Orbital Exenteration
Authors: Sokoya Mofiyinfolu , Cohn Jason , Kohlert Scott , Lee Thomas , Kadakia Sameep , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrbital exenteration (OE) is a radical operation associated with significant psychosocial disability and functional impairment. Indications for OE include primary tumors of the eye, oral cavity, paranasal sinuses, skin, and brain. Careful consideration regarding the likelihood of local control and cure is needed before proceeding with this operation. Multidisciplinary work-up should be performed before proceeding with surgery. The method of reconstruction after OE should be tailored to the defect and the postoperative needs of the patient. Appropriate follow-up and rehabilitation should be arranged for the patient.
Eyelid Malposition Repair: A Review of the Literature and Current Techniques
Authors: Guthrie Ashley , Kadakia Pooja , Rosenberg Joshua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEyelid malposition is a challenging problem faced by surgeons. Given the delicate nature of the eyelid and its complex anatomy, eyelid repair requires both a comprehensive understanding of eyelid anatomy along with thorough presurgical planning and surgical execution. A wide range of options is available for eyelid reconstruction but the location and extent of the deformity often dictate the type of repair. This article is a review of commonly encountered forms of eyelid malposition. Relevant reconstructive techniques and current evidence-based methods of reconstruction are discussed in detail. Anatomical considerations, the nature of specific defects, pearls of preoperative evaluation, and the reconstructive options available to the facial plastic and oculoplastic surgeon are outlined. Topics discussed include ectropion, entropion, eyelid retraction, and blepharoptosis.
A Case Report: Aggressive Pyogenic Granuloma
Authors: Kumar Dipanshu , Agarwal Tanya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSoft-tissue growths of the oral cavity offer a diagnostic dilemma because of the pathologic processes produced by such lesions. Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is one such soft-tissue swelling that originates from the reactive inflammatory course in which an exuberant fibrovascular expansile growth of the connective tissue of the skin or mucous membrane occurs. This case report documents a rare case in which the size and the site of the PG were different from the usual. The treatment included the extraction of the involved tooth in addition with the surgical removal of the lesion. The present case report demonstrates that the treatment of choice varies according to individual case after the adequate analysis of clinical and radiographic findings and should be managed appropriately to minimize further reoccurrence of the lesion and postsurgical complications.
Retinal microglia initiate neuroinflammation in ocular autoimmunity
Authors: Okunuki Yoko , Mukai Ryo , Nakao Takeshi , Tabor Steven J. , Butovsky Oleg , Dana Reza , Ksander Bruce R. , Connor Kip M. 
Published: April 2019

SignificanceAutoimmune uveitis is a serious sight-threatening condition defined by an autoreactive immune response against uveal tissues and the retina. As a result, patients with uveitis often suffer serious visual loss after persistent inflammation due to immune-mediated damage in the targeted tissues. Microglia are resident immune cells in the retina, and are thought to be the key population that initiates retinal inflammation; however, the exact role for microglia in autoimmune uveitis is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that microglia are essential for the induction of a retinal autoimmune response, as microglial ablation completely blocks disease. Our data suggest that microglia mediate autoreactive immune cell entry into the retina, and that by depleting microglia, circulating immune cells cannot gain entry into the retina.