bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jump height from inertial recordings: A tutorial for a sports scientist
Authors: Rantalainen Timo , Finni Taija , Walker Simon 
Published: September 2019

Jump performance provides meaningful information both for sporting and clinical needs. Current state of the art in jump performance assessment is laboratory‐bound; however, out‐of‐the‐laboratory methods are desirable. Therefore, the purposes of the present investigation were (a) to explore whether utilizing a novel analytical approach minimizes the bias between inertial recording unit (IMU)‐based and jump mat‐based jump height estimates and (b) to provide a thorough tutorial for a sport scientist (see Appendix S1) to facilitate standardization of jump height estimation. Forty‐one women, men, and boys aged 6 to 77 years completed three maximal countermovement jumps without arm swing, which were concurrently registered with a jump mat, and an IMU worn in low lumbar region. Excellent agreement between the novel IMU‐based jump height and jump mat jump height was observed (mean IMU 22.6 [8.3] cm, mean jump mat 22.7 [8.9], mean bias −0.1 cm [95% limits of agreement −4.5 cm to 4.4 cm; P = .826], and intra‐class correlation coefficient 0.97 [95% CI 0.94 to 0.98, P < .001]). In conclusion, inertial recordings conducted with lightweight IMUs worn on the hip provide a valid and feasible assessment of jump height among people with varying athletic ability. Inertial signals have the potential to afford (at least semi‐) automated analysis pipeline with low labor cost thus being potentially feasible in applied settings such as in professional sports or in the clinics.
Vertical transmission of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti and its role in the epidemiological persistence of dengue in Central and Southern Mexico
Authors: Danis‐Lozano Rogelio , Díaz‐González Esteban E. , Malo‐García Iliana R. , Rodríguez Mario Henry , Ramos‐Castañeda José , Juárez‐Palma Lilia , Ramos Celso , López‐Ordóñez Teresa , Mosso‐González Clemente , Fernández‐Salas Ildefonso 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the main mosquito species responsible for dengue virus (DENV) transmission to humans in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The role of vertical transmission in the epidemiology of dengue and the maintenance of this arbovirus in nature during interepidemic periods remain poorly understood, and DENV vertical transmission could sustain the existence of virus reservoirs within Aedes populations.MethodsBetween April 2011 and October 2012, we monitored vertical transmission of DENV in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in 9 cities of 4 Mexican states. Aedes eggs were collected in ovitraps, then adults were reared under laboratory conditions and their heads were used to infect C6/36 cells. The presence of flavivirus was detected by immunofluorescence assays (IFA), and DENV infection was confirmed by RT‐PCR.ResultsAbout 96% of reared adults were Ae. aegypti and 4.0% were Ae. albopictus. No infection was detected in Ae. albopictus, whereas 54 of 713 (7.8%) of Ae. aegypti pools tested positive. A minimum infection rate (MIR) of 2.52 per 1000 mosquitoes was estimated for Ae. aegypti. DENV‐1, DENV‐2 & DENV‐3 serotypes were detected even during interepidemic periods.ConclusionsThis study reports the evidence of vertical transmission of dengue virus with viral isolation and molecular confirmation in Ae. aegypti eggs collected in four endemic regions of Central and Southern Mexico. Vertical transmission may play a role as a reservoir mechanism during mosquito dormancy in interepidemic periods but with minor participation in transmission during epidemic periods.
Auxin signaling modulates LATERAL ROOT PRIMORDIUM1 (LRP1) expression during lateral root development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Singh Sharmila , Yadav Sandeep , Singh Alka , Mahima Mahima , Singh Archita , Gautam Vibhav , Sarkar Ananda K. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryAuxin signaling mediated by various auxin/indole‐3‐acetic acid (Aux/IAAs) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs) regulate lateral root (LR) development by controlling the expression of downstream genes. LATERAL ROOT PRIMORDIUM1 (LRP1), a member of the SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) family, was identified as an auxin‐inducible gene. The precise developmental role and molecular regulation of LRP1 in root development remain to be understood. Here we show that LRP1 is expressed in all stages of LR development, besides the primary root. The expression of LRP1 is regulated by histone deacetylation in an auxin‐dependent manner. Our genetic interaction studies showed that LRP1 acts downstream of auxin responsive Aux/IAAs‐ARFs modules during LR development. We showed that auxin‐mediated induction of LRP1 is lost in emerging LRs of slr‐1 and arf7arf19 mutants roots. NPA treatment studies showed that LRP1 acts after LR founder cell specification and asymmetric division during LR development. Overexpression of LRP1 (LRP1 OE) showed an increased number of LR primordia (LRP) at stages I, IV and V, resulting in reduced emerged LR density, which suggests that it is involved in LRP development. Interestingly, LRP1‐induced expression of YUC4, which is involved in auxin biosynthesis, contributes to the increased accumulation of endogenous auxin in LRP1 OE roots. LRP1 interacts with SHI, STY1, SRS3, SRS6 and SRS7 proteins of the SHI/STY family, indicating their possible redundant role during root development. Our results suggested that auxin and histone deacetylation affect LRP1 expression and it acts downstream of LR forming auxin response modules to negatively regulate LRP development by modulating auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Implementation and 2‐year outcomes of the first FDA‐approved implantable apheresis vascular access device
Authors: Gray Kristin L. , Steidley Isabella G. , Benson Hollie L. , Pearce Christine L. , Bachman Amy M. , Adamski Jill 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUNDPatients requiring chronic apheresis treatments typically lack sufficient peripheral venous access to support long‐term therapy. Historically, central venous tunneled catheters, septum‐bearing subcutaneous ports, and fistulas were used to obtain required blood flow rates for apheresis procedures. In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first intravascular device specifically designed for apheresis therapy, the PowerFlow Implantable Apheresis IV Port.METHODSSeveral preimplementation meetings with key hospital stakeholders were held to determine the most efficient and safest strategy for integrating the PowerFlow device into our practice. Interventional radiologists implanted the apheresis port in patients meeting specified criteria. Performance metrics and adverse events were evaluated over a 2‐year period, July 2017 through June 2019.RESULTSEighteen patients underwent apheresis therapy using the PowerFlow port. The most common apheresis therapy provided was extracorporeal photopheresis, followed by therapeutic plasma exchange and low‐density lipoprotein apheresis. Flow rates up to 90 mL/min were obtained; the rates were limited by patient tolerance for the apheresis procedure. Complications included infection, obstruction due to fibroblastic sleeve, and migration of the vascular device. The estimated risk of PowerFlow‐associated bloodstream infection in the study population was 0.18 per 1000 intravascular device days.CONCLUSIONThe PowerFlow Implantable Apheresis IV Port can achieve flow rates necessary for all apheresis therapies and is a promising alternative vascular access device for patients undergoing apheresis.
Retrospective evaluation of the severity of and prognosis associated with potassium abnormalities in dogs and cats presenting to an emergency room (January 2014–August 2015): 2441 cases
Authors: Hoehne Sabrina N. , Hopper Kate , Epstein Steven E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the severity, concurrent clinical signs, and disease processes associated with potassium abnormalities in dogs and cats presenting to a veterinary emergency department and associated mortality.DesignRetrospective and descriptive study over 20 months.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.Animals1916 dog and 525 cat visits.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsMedical records from patients with a potassium concentration measured within 24 hours of admission were identified. Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia were defined as a potassium concentration <3.5 mmol/L [3.5 mEq/L] and >5 mmol/L [5 mEq/L], respectively. Associated disease processes and pathophysiologic risk factors for potassium abnormalities were reviewed for moderate to severe potassium abnormalities (<3 mmol/L or ≥6 mmol/L) [<3 mEq/L or ≥6 mEq/L]. Mortality associated with normokalemia, mild, and moderate to severe dyskalemia were evaluated. Overall prevalence of abnormal potassium concentration was 27% in dogs and 40% in cats. Moderate to severe hypokalemia and hyperkalemia were present in 3% of dogs and 8% of cats, and 2% of dogs and 7% of cats, respectively. Moderate to severe hypokalemia was most commonly associated with gastrointestinal disease (48% of dogs and 44% of cats) while moderate to severe hyperkalemia was most commonly associated with urinary tract disease (60% of dogs and 97% of cats). Dogs with hypokalemia and dogs and cats with hyperkalemia (P < 0.001) had significantly greater mortality than those with normokalemia. Dogs with mild hypokalemia and mild hyperkalemia (P < 0.0001) had higher mortality than dogs with normokalemia, but this was not found in cats.ConclusionsDyskalemia was common in this population and was associated with greater mortality. Moderate to severe potassium abnormalities were uncommon in this population and occurred most frequently in animals with gastrointestinal and urinary tract disease.
Experimental Performance Evaluation of Humidification–Dehumidification System With Direct-Contact Dehumidifier
Authors: Dehghani Saeed , Mahmoudi Farzaneh , Date Abhijit , Akbarzadeh Aliakbar 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Humidification–dehumidification (HDH) desalination with direct contact dehumidifier system is designed and fabricated. Experimental tests are performed under various operating conditions in order to explore the influence of temperatures and mass flow rates of seawater and freshwater on system performance by utilizing non-dimensional parameters. It is shown that, for any case, there is an optimum flow rate ratio of water to air, which results in a maximum water production rate. A mathematical model is utilized to evaluate the system performance and compare the outcomes with the experimental results. In addition, the effect of feed water salinity from 0–30% on the water production rate is experimentally investigated. The results showed that the maximum achieved recovery ratio of the proposed HDH system is 5% under the working condition of seawater temperature at 73 °C with 3% salinity and cold freshwater at 28 °C. Furthermore, the system was able to produce water at nearly saturated seawater feed.
Performance Evaluation of the Thermophotovoltaic-Driven Thermoionic Refrigerator
Authors: Açıkkalp Emin , Yerel Kandemir Süheyla , Ahmadi Mohammad H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, the thermophotovoltaic (TPV)-driven thermionic refrigerator (TIR) is presented as an alternative refrigerator operated by the solar energy. Solar energy is the main energy source and its performance is analyzed. Power output density of the TPV, cooling rate density, COP, exergy destruction rate densities, and exergy efficiencies are the considered parameters. Calculations are performed numerically; results are presented and discussed. The most suitable operation conditions are defined. According to the results, the cooling rate density is 648 W/m2, power output densities are 1189.86 W/m2 and 667.234 W/m2 for the eg = 0.3 eV and eg = 0.4 eV, and the exergy efficiency of the system is about 0.071.
Modeling the Effect of Parametric Variations on Soot Particle Size Distribution in a Diesel Engine
Authors: Duvvuri Pavan Prakash , Sukumaran Sujith , Shrivastava Rajesh Kumar , Sreedhara Sheshadri 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Stringent emission legislations, increasing environmental and health issues, have driven extensive research on combustion engines to control pollutants. Modeling of emissions offers a cost-saving alternative to experimental analysis for combustion chamber design and optimization. Soot modeling in diesel engines has evolved over four decades from simple empirical relations to detailed kinetics involving polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and complex particle dynamics. Although numerical models have been established for predicting soot mass for parametric variations, there is a lack of modeling studies for predicting soot particle size distribution for parametric variations. This becomes important considering the inclusion of limits on soot particle count in recent emission norms. The current work aims at modeling the soot particle size distribution inside a heavy-duty diesel engine and validating the results for a parametric variation in injection pressure and intake temperature. Closed cycle combustion simulations have been performed using converge, a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. A sectional soot model coupled with gas-phase kinetics has been used with source terms for inception, condensation, surface reactions, and coagulation. Numerical predictions for soot mass and particle size distribution at the exhaust show good agreement with experimental data after increasing the transition regime collision frequency by a factor of 100.
Investigation and Improvement of Thermal Performance of a Solar Air Heater Using Extended Surfaces Through the Phase Change Material
Authors: Shalaby S. M. , Kabeel A. E. , El-Bialy E. , Elfakharany M. K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Low thermal conductivity is the main drawback of using paraffin wax as a latent heat thermal storage material in the solar air heater (SAH). In order to overcome this drawback, an absorber plate with extended surfaces through the paraffin wax was used. Two extended surface absorbers were used: a flat plate attached with downward fins and a V-corrugated plate. For the purpose of comparison, the SAH integrated with paraffin wax was tested using three proposed types of the absorber plate: flat, downward finned, and V-corrugated plates. The results showed superiority of the downward finned plate during the day. But the V-corrugated SAH remains the best choice for the applications in which the hot air is mostly needed during night as it is continuously operated for 7 h after sunset with the outlet air temperature of 8–11 °C more than the ambient air temperature.
An Investigation on Ventilation of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics System Using Numerical Modeling
Authors: Lau Siu-Kit , Zhao Yong , Lau Stephen Siu Yu , Yuan Chao , Shabunko Veronika 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study numerically investigates the thermal behavior and airflow characteristics of the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) façade. A three-dimensional model is developed based on the typical BIPV façade. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the shear stress transport (SST) κ-omega turbulent model is used in the study. The effects of geometric configurations on the BIPV cell temperature in steady state are evaluated including the sizes of the bottom and top openings and the depth of the back air cavity (or so-called cavity depth). When the sizes of the inlet and outlet openings are the same, the effects on the decrease of cell temperature are limited. By enlarging the bottom (inlet) opening, the impact of ventilation in the cavity behind is more significant and the cell temperature decreases. Cavity depth is also a vital factor affecting BIPV cell temperature. The paper identifies the optimal cavity depth of approximately 100–125 mm. Flow disturbance and a vortex may be observed at the bottom and top of the air cavity, respectively, as the cavity depth increases which negatively affects the ventilation causing these flow disturbances to increase the cell temperature. Thermal effects of environmental conditions are compared with regard to two selected BIPV configurations. The wind velocity and the attack angle also have an obvious impact on cell temperature. Ambient temperature and solar irradiance exhibit a linear relationship with BIPV cell temperature as expected.
A Validated Set of Fluorescent-Protein-Based Markers for Major Organelles in Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Authors: Zhu Jing , Zhang Zheng-Tan , Tang Shi-Wei , Zhao Bo-Song , Li Hui , Song Jing-Zhen , Li Dan , Xie Zhiping 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Eukaryotic cells share a basic scheme of internal organization featuring membrane-based organelles. The use of fluorescent proteins (FPs) greatly facilitated live-cell imaging of organelle dynamics and protein trafficking. One major limitation of this approach is that the fusion of an FP to a target protein can and often does compromise the function of the target protein and alter its subcellular localization. The optimization process to obtain a desirable fusion construct can be time-consuming or even unsuccessful. In this work, we set out to provide a validated set of FP-based markers for major organelles in the budding yeast (
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
). Out of over 160 plasmids constructed, we present a final set of 42 plasmids, the recommendations for which are backed up by meticulous evaluations. The tool set includes three colors (green, red, and blue) and covers the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nucleus, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and lipid droplets. The fidelity of the markers was established by systematic cross-comparison and quantification. Functional assays were performed to examine the impact of marker expression on the secretory pathway, endocytic pathway, and metabolic activities of mitochondria and peroxisomes. Concomitantly, our work constitutes a reassessment of organelle identities in this model organism. Our data support the recognition that “late Golgi” and “early endosomes,” two seemingly distinct terms, denote the same compartment in yeast. Conversely, all other organelles can be visually separated from each other at the resolution of conventional light microscopy, and quantification results justify their classification as distinct entities.

IMPORTANCE
Cells contain elaborate internal structures. For eukaryotic cells, like those in our bodies, the internal space is compartmentalized into membrane-bound organelles, each tasked with specialized functions. Oftentimes, one needs to visualize organelles to understand a complex cellular process. Here, we provide a validated set of fluorescent protein-based markers for major organelles in budding yeast. Yeast is a commonly used model when investigating basic mechanisms shared among eukaryotes. Fluorescent proteins are produced by cells themselves, avoiding the need for expensive chemical dyes. Through extensive cross-comparison, we make sure that each of our markers labels and only labels the intended organelle. We also carefully examined if the presence of our markers has any negative impact on the functionality of the cells and found none. Our work also helps answer a related question: are the structures we see really what we think they are?
Mortality and respiratory support in X-linked myotubular myopathy: a RECENSUS retrospective analysis
Authors: Graham Robert J , Muntoni Francesco , Hughes Imelda , Yum Sabrina W , Kuntz Nancy L , Yang Michele L , Byrne Barry J , Prasad Suyash , Alvarez Rachel , Genetti Casie A , Haselkorn Tmirah , James Emma S , LaRusso Laurie B , Noursalehi Mojtaba , Rico Salvador , Beggs Alan H 
Published: September 2019

PurposeIndividuals with X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) who survive infancy require extensive supportive care, including ventilator assistance, wheelchairs and feeding tubes. Half die before 18 months of age. We explored respiratory support and associated mortality risk in RECENSUS, particularly among patients ≤5 years old who received respiratory support at birth; this subgroup closely matches patients in the ASPIRO trial of gene therapy for XLMTM.DesignRECENSUS is an international, retrospective study of patients with XLMTM. Descriptive and time-to-event analyses examined survival on the basis of age, respiratory support, tracheostomy use, predicted mutational effects and life-sustaining care.ResultsOutcomes for 145 patients were evaluated. Among 126 patients with respiratory support at birth, mortality was 47% overall and 59% among those ≤5 years old. Median survival time was shorter for patients ≤5 years old than for those >5 years old (2.2 years (IQR 0.7–5.6) vs 30.2 years (IQR 19.4–30.2)). The most common cause of death was respiratory failure (66.7%). Median survival time was longer for patients with a tracheostomy than for those without (22.8 years (IQR 8.7–30.2) vs 1.8 years (IQR 0.2–not estimable)). The proportion of patients living without a tracheostomy was 50% at age 6 months and 28% at age 2 years. Median survival time was longer with provision of life-sustaining care than without (19.4 years (IQR 3.1–not estimable) vs 0.2 years (IQR 0.1–2.1)).ConclusionsHigh mortality, principally due to respiratory failure, among patients with XLMTM ≤5 years old despite respiratory support underscores the need for early diagnosis, informed decision-making and disease-modifying therapies.Trial registration numberNCT02231697
The rate and perioperative mortality of caesarean section in Sierra Leone
Authors: Holmer Hampus , Kamara Michael M , Bolkan Håkon Angell , van Duinen Alex , Conteh Sulaiman , Forna Fatu , Hailu Binyam , Hansson Stefan R , Koroma Alimamy P , Koroma Michael M , Liljestrand Jerker , Lonnee Herman , Sesay Santigie , Hagander Lars 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionSierra Leone has the world’s highest maternal mortality, partly due to low access to caesarean section. Limited data are available to guide improvement. In this study, we aimed to analyse the rate and mortality of caesarean sections in the country.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of all caesarean sections and all reported in-facility maternal deaths in Sierra Leone in 2016. All facilities performing caesarean sections were visited. Data on in-facility maternal deaths were retrieved from the Maternal Death Surveillance and Response database. Caesarean section mortality was defined as in-facility perioperative mortality.ResultsIn 2016, there were 7357 caesarean sections in Sierra Leone. This yields a population rate of 2.9% of all live births, a 35% increase from 2012, with district rates ranging from 0.4% to 5.2%. The most common indications for surgery were obstructed labour (42%), hypertensive disorders (25%) and haemorrhage (22%). Ninety-nine deaths occurred during or after caesarean section, and the in-facility perioperative caesarean section mortality rate was 1.5% (median 0.7%, IQR 0–2.2). Haemorrhage was the leading cause of death (73%), and of those who died during or after surgery, 80% had general anaesthesia, 75% received blood transfusion and 22% had a uterine rupture diagnosed.ConclusionsThe caesarean section rate has increased rapidly in Sierra Leone, but the distribution remains uneven. Caesarean section mortality is high, but there is wide variation. More access to caesarean sections for maternal and neonatal complications is needed in underserved areas, and expansion should be coupled with efforts to limit late presentation, to offer assisted vaginal delivery when indicated and to ensure optimal perioperative care.