bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Bionic Technology Combining Online Electrochemistry‐Mass Spectrometry and Offline Electrochemistry‐Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry for Simulating and Characterizing Metabolic Processes of Bioactive phenolic acids in Natural Products
Authors: Du Kunze , Yang Man , Ma Wentao , Liu Tianyu , Sun Huihui , Huang Tengteng , Li Jin , Chang Yanxu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe metabolism research of bioactive phenolic acids widely found in natural products is of great significance for elucidating pharmacologic mechanisms and screening lead compounds. However, it is time‐consuming and vulnerable to interference to conduct the traditional metabolism approach by applying organisms or biomaterials. Herein, a bionic technology was established by combining online electrochemistry‐mass spectrometry (EC‐MS) with offline electrochemistry‐liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (EC‐LC‐MS) to investigate the oxidative transformation and metabolic processes of the active phenolic acids (including salvianolic acid A, caffeic acid, 3, 5‐O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid, ferulic acid, salvianic acid A, and protocatechuic acid). Phase I metabolism of the phenolic acids were simulated by applying a three‐electrode controlled potential electrochemical reactor with a boron‐doped diamond electrode, with glutathione mixed into the oxidative products simultaneously for obtaining the phase II metabolites. Finally, structural characterization of the simulated metabolites of the phenolic acids was achieved successfully, including hydroxylation, methylation, demethylation, decarboxylation, etc. It was revealed that the simulated metabolism process based on an electrochemical system was effective in yielding a wide variety of metabolites for these compounds, which was also compared with the metabolism results applying rat liver microsomes. Consequently, this bionic technology is expected to be a powerful tool to investigate the material basis for the efficacy of active ingredients of natural products.
Cochlear Implantation in Pediatric Cochlear Nerve Deficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chennareddy Susmita , Liu Kalena H. , Mavrommatis Maria A. , Kao Derek D. , Govindan Aparna , Schwam Zachary G. , Cosetti Maura K. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveCochlear nerve deficiency (CND) is commonly implicated in moderate‐to‐profound pediatric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Although cochlear implantation (CI) was previously contraindicated in CND patients, recent studies have demonstrated the potential for auditory response to CI in a subset of CND patients, though clinical outcomes remain variable. This study aims to evaluate pre‐ and postoperative speech and auditory outcomes of CI in pediatric patients with bilateral SNHL and radiographically confirmed CND.Data SourcesEmbase and Ovid MEDLINE.Review MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify studies reporting pre‐ and postoperative outcomes of children with CND confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging who underwent CI. A random‐effects model was used to account for within‐ and between‐study variance in speech and auditory outcomes.ResultsAfter abstract screening of 818 distinct articles, 16 studies were selected for final inclusion, consisting of 248 patients with cochlear nerve hypoplasia or aplasia who underwent CI. Various speech perception and language development tests were investigated across studies (Speech Intelligibility Rating, Speech Perception Category, Speech Awareness Thresholds, Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale, Meaningful Use of Speech Scale, Categories of Auditory Performance, and Auditory Level). Pooled outcomes demonstrated improvement in speech perception after CI in pediatric patients with CND (SMD 2.18, 95% CI 1.68–2.69).ConclusionIndications for CI are expanding as research demonstrates benefit in populations previously thought inappropriate. Our study demonstrates global postoperative improvement in speech and auditory outcomes in children with bilateral SNHL and CND after CI.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2024
Causes and treatment of secondary sphenoid sinus infection post‐endoscopic transsphenoidal approach
Authors: Dong Yi , Zhou Bing , Cui Shunjiu , Huang Qian , Sun Yan , Huang Zhenxiao , Ma Jingying , Yang Quanjie , Liang Na 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study analyzed the causes of sphenoid sinus (SS) infection (SSI) following endoscopic transsphenoidal skull base surgery and determined appropriate treatment methods.MethodsThis study included 31 cases of secondary SSI following the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach (ETSA; SSI group) and 246 cases without SSI (non‐SSI group). Data collected included post‐ETSA pathological results, types of artificial skull base reconstruction materials, and SS patency. For the SSI group, data included time from ETSA to symptom onset, endoscopic and imaging findings, intraoperative conditions during the second surgery, and changes in visual analog scale (VAS) scores.ResultsThe incidence of secondary SSI was 11.19%. In the SSI group, 26 patients (83.87%) reported headaches, and 24 (77.42%) had stenosis or closure of the SS ostium (SSO). The non‐SSI group reported no symptoms, and 236 patients (95.93%) had well‐opened SSOs. Centripetal hyperosteogeny (CHO) in the SS walls was observed in 20 patients (64.5%) in the SSI group. Absorbable materials were used in five cases (16.13%) and 215 cases (87.40%) in the SSI and non‐SSI groups, respectively, while non‐absorbable materials were used in 24 cases (77.42%) and 20 cases (8.13%), respectively. SSI risk was 9.42 times higher with non‐absorbable synthetic materials. VAS scores for SSI symptoms and Lund–Kennedy scores significantly decreased at 3 and 12 months post‐second surgery.ConclusionSecondary SSI after ETSA can cause persistent symptoms. Non‐absorbable synthetic repair materials should be avoided to prevent secondary SSI. Extended sphenoidectomy and removal of artificial materials can lead to rapid resolution of SSI symptoms.Level of Evidence4.
Ultra‐Broadband Visible‐DUV Supercontinuum Generation by Non‐Resonant Coherent Raman Scattering in Air
Authors: Fu Yao , Cao Jincheng , Wang Tianbo , Li Helong , Yamanouchi Kaoru , Xu Huailiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo date, supercontinuum light in the visible and near‐infrared ranges is readily realizable by the optical Kerr effect through self‐phase modulation of ultrashort laser pulses in transparent media. However, it is still a challenge to extend the supercontinuum spectrum down to the deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) range, which is particularly needed for exploring ultrafast dynamics in chemistry, materials, and biology. Here, an approach of non‐resonant coherent Raman scattering is developed to generate ultra‐broadband visible‐DUV supercontinuum in ambient air with a spectral range spanning over 250 nm and a wavelength down to 220 nm. A rovibrational coherence is established in air molecules by filamentation of a near‐infrared femtosecond 800 nm pulse and two femtosecond Raman laser pulses at 267 and 400 nm are introduced into the coherent media to induce non‐resonant coherent Stokes and anti‐Stokes Raman scatterings, which serve as the spectral bridges to link the neighboring Raman pump laser spectra, resulting in ultra‐broadband supercontinuum light. The mechanism is further verified by examining the broadening of picosecond N2+ laser lines with narrow bandwidths (10–30 cm−1), which forms a supercontinuum spectrum spanning over 150 nm. The work provides a viable route for the establishment of coherent DUV supercontinuum in the gas media at designed wavelength ranges.
Design and Depolymerization of Bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) Terephthalate‐Containing Polyurethanes for Vat Photopolymerization
Authors: Westover Clarissa C. , Nayyar Garvit , Long Timothy E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVat photopolymerization (VPP) of highly aromatic polyurethanes (PUs) expands the library of additive manufacturing (AM) materials and enables a vast array of ductile thermoplastics, rigid and flexible thermosets, and elastomers. Aromatic diisocyanates and various diols enable printing of rigid, highly aromatic cross‐linked parts, which offer high glass transition temperatures and tunable thermomechanical performance. The judicious control of molecular weight of the photo‐reactive telechelic oligomers allows for a fundamental study of the influence of cross‐link density in highly aromatic 3D PU printed objects. VPP AM produces objects with high resolution, smooth surface finish, and isotropic mechanical properties. Thermal post‐processing is critical in maintaining excellent thermomechanical properties with semi‐crystallinity as a function of cross‐link density. Due to the presence of two ester carbonyls in the bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate chain extender, the printed parts are readily amenable to depolymerization with methanolysis to produce difunctional dimethyl dicarbamates under modest reaction conditions. Dimethyl dicarbamates serve as suitable monomers for subsequent polycondensation.
Chemical and Solvent‐Based Recycling of DGEBA‐Based Epoxy Thermoset and Carbon‐Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite Utilizing Imine‐Containing Secondary Amine Hardener
Authors: Dağlar Özgün , Türel Tankut , Pantazidis Christos , Tomović Željko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEpoxy systems are essential in numerous industrial applications due to their exceptional mechanical properties, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. Yet, recycling epoxy networks and reinforcing materials in epoxy composites remains challenging, raising environmental concerns. The critical challenge is the recovery of well‐defined molecules upon depolymerization. To address these issues, an innovative strategy is developed utilizing imine‐containing secondary amine hardener (M1). The reaction of M1 with DGEBA produced high‐performance epoxy thermoset P1, which exhibits Young's modulus of 2.18 GPa and tensile strength of 63.4 MPa, and excellent stability in neutral aqueous conditions. Upon carbon‐fiber reinforcement, Young's modulus and tensile strength are significantly elevated to 10.99 GPa and 328.3 MPa, respectively. The reactive secondary amine functionalities enabled the tailored network to display a well‐defined growth pattern, yielding only well‐defined molecules and intact carbon fibers upon acidic depolymerization. Consequently, the recycled polymers retained properties identical to those of P1. Notably, it is discovered that despite the cross‐linked nature of the epoxy networks, complete dissolution in dichloromethane facilitated straightforward solvent‐based recycling, allowing the recovery of undamaged carbon fibers and an epoxy thermoset with properties matching the virgin material. Presented novel monomer design and approach showcased two important and efficient recycling options for epoxy systems.
Sequence‐Controlled Copolymerization of Structurally Well‐Defined Multinuclear Zinc Acrylate Complexes and Styrene
Authors: Iwasaki Takanori , Suehisa Gaito , Mandai Ryo , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe copolymerization of two or more monomers produces polymeric materials with unique properties that cannot be achieved with homopolymers. However, precise control over the polymer sequence remains challenging because the sequence is determined by the inherent reactivity of comonomers. Therefore, only limited methods using modified monomers or supramolecular interactions are reported. In this study, the sequence control of acrylate‐styrene copolymerization using multinuclear zinc complexes is reported. The copolymerization of the zinc acrylate complex with a polymeric sheet‐like structure and styrene in benzene affords a copolymer with a higher content of acrylate triad than calculated for the statistical random model, whereas tetranuclear zinc acrylate (TZA) affords a copolymer with fewer adjacent acrylate sequences. The copolymer with a higher content of acrylate triad exhibits a lower glass transition temperature because of the higher mobility of the longer polystyrene segments. These results highlight the promise of multinuclear zinc acrylate complexes as monomers for sequence‐controlled copolymerization.
Comparative analysis of armid fiber reinforced polymer for strengthening reinforced concrete beam‐column joints under cyclic loading
Authors: Mohanraj R. , Prasanthni P. , Senthilkumar S. , Blessy Grant C. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the structural performance and failure mechanisms of beam‐column joints reinforced with aramid fiber‐reinforced polymer to bolster the durability and seismic resilience of concrete structures. It meticulously selects and proportions materials such as ordinary Portland cement Grade 53 cement, fine and coarse aggregates meeting IS: 383–1970 standards, and water conforming to IS: 456–2000 specifications. Tests confirm the high quality of ordinary Portland cement, crucial for optimal beam‐column joint performance, while carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer enhances structural integrity with its lightweight composition and substantial tensile strength (3800 MPa–4200 MPa). Failure analysis reveals that non‐aramid fiber reinforced polymer wrapped beam‐column joint specimens predominantly failed due to concrete crushing, whereas aramid fiber‐reinforced polymer‐wrapped specimens failed due to fracture in the aramid fiber‐reinforced polymer composite, emphasizing stress concentration areas. This study underscores the pivotal role of stress distribution in failure mechanisms and underscores the significance of robust reinforcement design in bolstering structural resilience. These insights advance retrofitting strategies and reinforce techniques aimed at enhancing the longevity and seismic resistance of concrete structures.
Investigation of cutting forces of glass sphere reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Ficici F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effects of reinforcement ratio, drill bit material, and drilling process parameters on the cutting forces generated during the drilling of glass sphere‐reinforced polypropylene composites were investigated experimentally. Test specimens were produced by conventional injection‐moulding of glass sphere reinforced polypropylene composite materials at 5 %, 10 % and 20 % wt. ratios. High speed steel, titanium‐coated high‐speed steel, and carbide drill bits with 4 mm diameter were preferred for drilling. In addition, the drilling process was carried out on a 3‐axis computer numeric control milling machine. Three different feed rates of 0.05 mm/rev, 0.10 mm/rev, and 0.15 mm/rev and cutting speeds of 12 m⋅min−1, 16 m⋅min−1, and 20 m⋅min−1 were determined for the drilling process. In addition, Taguchi experimental optimization method, analysis of variance and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the morphology of the drilled surface and the wear mechanisms occurring on the drill bit due to the drilling process. The test findings showed that the maximum torque value was 54.64 N⋅mm and the maximum thrust force was 100.43 N. The optimum test parameter for cutting forces was observed as C1D3FR1CS3. Drill parameter had an effect of 40.96 % on thrust force and 36.11 % on torque.
Investigating the influence of ferric oxide grade alumino‐silicate cenosphere particulates and heat treatment on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Al6061/ferric oxide alumino‐silicate cenosphere (x weight %) composite
Authors: Anand A. , Tiwari S. K. , Prakash V. , Gautam S. K. , Khalkho A. , Singh R. K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe main aim of this investigation is to fabricate aluminum 6061 composites with three different weight percentages of ferric oxide grade alumino silicate cenosphere (1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and wt.%) by the stir‐casting process. The fabricated cast composite and T6 heat‐treated composite is used to obtain a fundamental understanding of various weight percentages of the cenosphere and the influence of heat treatment on the microstructural changes, mechanical characteristics, the mechanism of fracture, and the interface between the aluminum‐matrix and ferric oxide grade alumino‐silicate cenosphere particulates. Tensile and compressive tests with a constant strain rate (0.5 mm ⋅ min−1) were carried out to study the strength and to find a correlation between the various weight fractions of cenosphere and heat treatment. Investigations of the changes in the microstructure of the aluminum ferric oxide grade alumino silicate cenosphere composite and the fractography of the fracture surface are investigated using optical and scanning electron microscope. X‐ray diffraction was utilized to confirm the results obtained from optical and scanning electron microscope analyses for phase characterization validation. A maximum of 30 % increase in hardness value, 20 % increase in tensile strength value, 33 % increase in maximum compressive strength value, and 2 % increase in elongation values are observed in heat‐treated composite when compared to cast composite.
To Share or Not? Hybrid e‐Commerce Platform's Provision and Sharing Strategies of Consumer Credit Service
Authors: Feng Yixuan , Zhang Zhihan , Yao Yashu , Chen Yao , Liu Jiaxu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAs a new financial innovation, consumer credit services are increasingly embraced by e‐commerce platforms. This paper presents a stylized model to determine when an e‐commerce platform should launch credit services and whether to share them with third‐party sellers. Our findings indicate that the platform benefits from launching credit services only when consumer preference outweighs the delinquency rate. Furthermore, service sharing can create a win‐win scenario with moderate fees and high consumer preference. Contrary to common belief, sharing services with sellers can reduce consumer surplus, suggesting that widespread use of consumer credit services is not necessarily beneficial for consumers.
A Novel Mutation of FOXC1 (P136L) in an Axenfeld–Rieger Syndrome Patient With a Systematized Delusion of Jealousy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yoshino Yuta , Iga Jun‐ichi , Ueno Shu‐ichi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe main features of Axenfeld–Rieger Syndrome (ARS) are ocular, auditory, neurological, and morphological brain abnormalities. Mutations in forkhead box protein C1 (FOXC1) are among the responsible genes causing ARS, but neuropsychiatric features have rarely been reported. The case of an ARS patient (a 77‐year‐old man) with delusions of jealousy and impairment of working memory, in addition to the main clinical features, glaucoma and leukoencephalopathy, is presented.MethodsThe mutation in the patient's genome was found with whole exome sequencing and in silico analysis using PolyPhen‐2 and SIFT. Furthermore, AlphaFold2 and PyMOL were used to predict the protein structure based on the mutation.ResultsA novel mutation at the forkhead domain of FOXC1 gene (c.408C>A, p.Phe136Leu) was found and confirmed in the patient's family, and it was predicted to cause protein damage; the SIFT score was 0, meaning deleterious, and the PolyPhen2 result also indicated damaging (score: 0.997). The predicted protein structure based on the novel mutation was different from that of the native structure. In the literature review, 6 of 95 (6.3%) cases showed neuropsychiatric features. Of them, 5 of 6 (83.3%) mutations were located in the forkhead domain.ConclusionA novel mutation was found in the FOXC1 gene (c.408C>A, p.Phe136Leu), which possibly induces delusions of jealousy and impairment of working memory, as well as features of ARS, by changing the protein structure. Mutations in that domain of the FOXC1 gene may be important not only for ocular abnormalities but also for brain function.
Intermittent Fasting Improves Insulin Resistance by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism in Diet‐Induced Obesity
Authors: Lei Sha , Liu Guanghui , Wang Shouli , Zong Guannan , Zhang Xiaoya , Pan Lingling , Han Junfeng 
Published: November 2024

ScopeAdipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are crucial in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR). Intermittent fasting (IF) is an effective intervention for obesity. However, the underlying mechanism by which IF improves IR remains unclear.Methods and resultsMale C57BL/6J mice are fed chow‐diet and high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, then is randomized into ad libitum feeding or every other day fasting for 8 weeks. Markers of ATMs and expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP‐1) are determined. Gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs) are profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics analysis. Results indicate that IF improves IR in HFD‐induced obesity. IF decreases ATM infiltration, pro‐inflammatory M1 gene expression, and promotes white adipose tissue (WAT) browning by elevating UCP‐1 expression. IF restructures microbiota composition, significantly expanding the abundance of Verrucomicrobia particularly Akkermansia muciniphila, with the decrease of that of Firmicutes. IF increases the level of total BAs and alters the composition of BAs with higher proportion of 12α‐hydroxylated (12α‐OH) BAs. The changes in these BAs are correlated with differential bacteria.ConclusionThe findings indicate that IF improves IR partially mediated by the interplay between restructured gut microbiota and BAs metabolism, which has implications for the dietary management in obesity.
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy on weight and lipid metabolism in patients with treatment‐resistant depression: A preliminary single‐center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nakazawa Ami , Matsuda Yuki , Yamazaki Ryuichi , Taruishi Nanase , Kito Shinsuke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to elucidate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on weight, body mass index (BMI), and lipid metabolism in patients with treatment‐resistant depression (TRD).MethodsThis retrospective observational study included patients with TRD who received rTMS treatment at the Jikei University Hospital from September 2018 to August 2021. The patients were diagnosed based on the DSM‐5 and ICD‐10 criteria and treated using the NeuroStar TMS System. For 3–6 weeks, 10‐Hz rTMS was administered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 120% motor threshold. The primary outcomes were changes in weight and BMI, whereas the secondary outcomes included changes in total, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, thyroid function indicators, as well as HAMD‐17, HAMD‐24, and Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired t‐tests and repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsAmong the 34 patients (20 men and 14 women) included, no significant changes were observed in weight or BMI after rTMS treatment (average weight reduction: −0.50 kg, 95% CI: −0.14 to 0.56, p = 0.24; average BMI reduction: −0.21, 95% CI: −0.10 to 0.61, p = 0.15). However, significant reductions in total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol levels and FT4 were observed. Furthermore, the HAMD‐17, HAMD‐24, and MADRS scores significantly increased post‐treatment.ConclusionrTMS treatment did not affect weight or BMI in patients with TRD but is believed to improve lipid metabolism.