bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spenser, Raleigh, Harvey, and Nashe on Empire
Authors: Hadfield Andrew 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article explores the responses to early modern colonial enterprises in the writings of four major English writers: Edmund Spenser, Sir Walter Raleigh, Gabriel Harvey and Thomas Nashe. The article shows how diverse responses to such undertakings were and that there was as much hostility and indifference as there was enthusiasm, not only for political and/or moral reasons but also because expensive overseas ventures were sometimes thought of as a needless waste of money and lives. In doing so the article aims to contribute towards recent calls to ‘decolonize’ the university and the curriculum, showing that responses to colonialism in colonising societies were never monolithic and that it is important that this historical reality is recognised if we are to engage seriously with the impact of colonialism and imperialism. Harvey and Raleigh were enthusiastic proponents of the benefits of colonial settlements, and took their cue from reading Richard Hakluyt the Younger’s Principal Navigations (1589), which suggested that the English had always thrived when they had ventured overseas and expanded their dominions. Spenser was much more ambivalent, despite his status as a colonist in Ireland after 1580, and Nashe was scornful of the purpose of such grand plans. For Nashe, partly inspired by his vitriolic quarrel with Harvey, it was much more important to concentrate on the locality of England itself and he accuses others of failing to see what surrounds them because they have been misled by the prospect of plunder and profit from exotic lands.
Psychological Health Benefits of Companion Animals Following a Social Loss
Authors: Carr Dawn C , Taylor Miles G , Gee Nancy R , Sachs-Ericsson Natalie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
In later life, the loss of a spouse due to divorce or widowhood is common and can lead to elevated depressive symptoms and loneliness. Research suggests that companion animal (CA) may be beneficial for psychological health, but limited research has explored whether CA can buffer negative consequences of social losses.

Research Design and Methods
This study uses data drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine changes in depressive symptoms and loneliness in relation to a social loss among those with/without a CA. We used inverse-probability weighted regression to adjust for selection factors and isolate effects of CA ownership on changes in psychological health.

Results
Regardless of CA ownership, spousal loss was associated with psychological health consequences. Facing a social loss without a CA was related to statistically greater increases in depressive symptoms relative to those with a pet (2.580 vs. 1.207 symptoms, respectively). Similarly, experiencing a loss was associated with significantly greater increases in loneliness, with statistically greater increases in loneliness among those without a CA (p &lt; .01). However, those with a CA did not experience greater increases in loneliness than those who did not experience a loss.

Discussion and Implications
In later life, CA ownership may buffer against the detrimental consequences of major social losses on psychological health. Future research on the therapeutic effects of CA ownership, as well as pet therapy, during other major life stage transitions is needed to help isolate potential mechanisms driving the benefits of human–animal interactions.
Single Layer Recurrent Neural Network for detection of local swarm-like earthquakes—the application
Authors: Doubravová Jana , Horálek Josef 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYWe present results of applying a local event detector based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to two seismically active regions. The concept of ANNs enables us to recognize earthquake-like signals in seismograms because well-trained neural networks are characterized by the ability to generalize to unseen examples. This means that once the ANN is trained, in our case by few tens to hundreds of examples of local event seismograms, the algorithm can then recognize similar features in unknown records. The detailed description of the single-station detection, design and training of the ANN has been described in our previous paper. Here we show the practical application of our ANN to the same seismoactive region we used for its training, West Bohemia/Vogtland (border area Czechia-Saxony, local seismic network WEBNET), and to different seismogenic area, Reykjanes Peninsula (South-West Iceland, local seismic network REYKJANET). The training process requires carefully prepared data set which is preferably achieved by manual processing. Such data were available for the West Bohemia/Vogtland earthquake-swarm region, so we used them to train the ANN and test its performance. Due to the absence of completely manually processed activity for the Reykjanes Peninsula, we use the trained ANN for swarm-like activity in such a different tectonic setting. The application of a coincidence of the single-station detections helps to reduce significantly the number of undetected events as well as the number of false alarms. Setting up the minimum number of stations which are required to confirm an event detection enables us to choose the balance between minimum magnitude threshold and a number of false alarms. The ANN detection results for the Reykjanes Peninsula are compared to manual readings on the stations of the REYKJANET network, manual processing from Icelandic regional network SIL (the SIL catalogues by the Icelandic Meteorological Office) and two tested automatic location algorithms. The neural network shows persuasively better detection results in terms of completeness than the SIL catalogues and automatic location algorithms. Subsequently, we show that our ANN is capable of detecting events from various focal zones in West Bohemia/Vogtland although mainly the focal zone of Nový Kostel was used for training. The performance of our detector is comparable to an expert manual processing and we can state that no important event is missed this way even in case of complicated multiple events during the earthquake swarms.
Adherence to diet quality indices in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormones in young men
Authors: Cutillas-Tolín Ana , Adoamnei Evdochia , Navarrete-Muñoz Eva M , Vioque Jesús , Moñino-García Miriam , Jørgensen Niels , Chavarro Jorge E , Mendiola Jaime , Torres-Cantero Alberto M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Is adherence to an a priori defined diet quality indices [Alternate Healthy Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), relative Mediterranean diet score (rMED) or dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)] associated with semen quality and reproductive hormone levels in young men?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Greater adherence to the DASH diet is related to higher sperm counts.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Studies assessing the relationship between dietary intake and male reproductive function have mainly been focused on specific nutrients, food groups or data-driven dietary patterns, but the evidence on a priori defined dietary indices is still scarce.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
Cross-sectional study of 209 male university students recruited from October 2010 to November 2011 in Murcia Region (Southern Spain).

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Healthy young men aged 18–23 years were included in this study. Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and three a priori-defined dietary indices (AHEI-2010, rMED and DASH) were calculated. Linear regression was used to analyze the relation between the three dietary indices and semen quality parameters and reproductive hormone levels accounting for potential confounders and covariates.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
We found statistically significant positive associations between the DASH index and sperm concentration (P, trend = 0.04), total sperm count (P, trend = 0.04) and total motile sperm count (P, trend = 0.02). No associations were observed for other semen parameters or male reproductive hormones.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
Even though we adjusted for several known and suspected confounders we cannot exclude the possibility of residual or unmeasured confounding or chance findings. Subjects were blinded to the study outcomes thus reducing the potential influence on their report of diet. Our sample size may be too small to rule out associations with other semen parameters or reproductive hormones. Causal inference is limited, as usual with all observational studies.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
The results suggest that greater adherence to the DASH may help improve sperm counts. This study was carried out on young men from the general population. However, results may differ among other populations (e.g. infertile men). Therefore, further research is needed to confirm these findings and extend these results to other populations.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
This work was supported by Fundación Séneca, grants No 08808/PI/08 and No 19443/PI/14; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (AES), grants No PI10/00985 and No PI13/01237; and grant P30DK046200 from the National Institutes of Health. Authors have no competing interests to declare.
The connection between recreational fishing and the traditional fishing sector in the emerging area of marine tourism: challenges and opportunities for diversification with the European Fisheries Fund (EFF)
Authors: Miret-Pastor Lluís , Molina-García Agustín , García-Aranda César , Herrera-Racionero Paloma 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Diversification of fisheries has one of its main lines of development in tourism, especially in countries as touristic as Spain. An important part of the European Fisheries Funds (EFFs) has subsidized, through the Fisheries Local Action Groups, local development projects in fishing zones with a large part of these projects related to tourism, including nautical tourism. In this new context it is possible to quantify and analyse the subsidized projects’ typology and the relationship between recreational and professional fishing. This work analyses 705 projects financed by European funds, mainly the EFF, of which 172 are related to tourism and 48 to nautical tourism. The objective is to categorize and characterize the subsidized projects and, subsequently, to verify the degree of relationship, if any, between the projects of nautical tourism and professional fishing.
Hospital admissions and mortality in the 15 years after a first-time hospital contact with an alcohol problem: a prospective cohort study using the entire Danish population
Authors: Askgaard Gro , Leon David A , Deleuran Thomas , Tolstrup Janne S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Potential benefits of preventing continued alcohol intake in individuals presenting at the hospital with an alcohol problem can be highlighted by studying their excess risk of subsequent morbidity and mortality.

Methods
All Danish residents with a first-time hospital contact with alcohol problems (intoxication, harmful use or dependence) in 1998–2002 were followed through 2012 using healthcare registries. We compared their cause-specific rates of hospital admission and mortality to the expected rates derived from the general population by calculating standardized incidence rate ratios.

Results
The 26 716 men and 12 169 women who were hospitalized with alcohol problems (median age 44 years) had more than 10 times the rate of subsequent admission to psychiatric departments and three times the rate of subsequent admission to somatic departments compared with the general population. In particular, the hospital admission rates for gastroenterological disease and injuries were high. The cumulative all-cause 10-year mortality risk was 29% [95% confidence interval (CI), 28–30] in men and 26% (95% CI, 24–27) in women with alcohol problems. The ratios of observed to expected death rate for all-cause mortality were 4.0 (95% CI, 3.8–4.1) in men and 4.3 (95% CI, 4.0–4.7) in women and, for causes of death fully attributable to alcohol, 16 (95% CI, 15–17) in men and 33 (95% CI, 29–38) in women.

Conclusions
Individuals hospitalized with alcohol problems have much higher rates of subsequent alcohol-related hospital admission and mortality than the general population. Increased focus on preventing continued alcohol consumption in these individuals may reduce their subsequent morbidity and mortality.
Actin stress fiber dynamics in laterally confined cells
Authors: Müller Andreas , Müller Sandra , Nasufovic Veselin , Arndt Hans-Dieter , Pompe Tilo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Multiple cellular processes are affected by spatial constraints from the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells. In vitro experiments using defined micro-patterning allow for in-depth analysis and a better understanding of how these constraints impact cellular behavior and functioning. Herein we focused on the analysis of actin cytoskeleton dynamics as a major determinant of mechanotransduction mechanisms in cells. We seeded primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells onto stripe-like cell-adhesive micro-patterns with varying widths and then monitored and quantified the dynamic reorganization of actin stress fibers, including fiber velocities, orientation and density, within these live cells using the cell permeable F-actin marker SiR-actin. Although characteristic parameters describing the overall stress fiber architecture (average orientation and density) were nearly constant throughout the observation time interval of 60 min, we observed permanent transport and turnover of individual actin stress fibers. Stress fibers were more strongly oriented along stripe direction with decreasing stripe width, (5° on 20 μm patterns and 10° on 40 μm patterns), together with an overall narrowing of the distribution of fiber orientation. Fiber dynamics was characterized by a directed movement from the cell edges towards the cell center, where fiber dissolution frequently took place. By kymograph analysis, we found median fiber velocities in the range of 0.2 μm/min with a weak dependence on pattern width. Taken together, these data suggest that cell geometry determines actin fiber orientation, while it also affects actin fiber transport and turnover.
The Use of Virtual Reality in the Assessment of Paranoid Thoughts: A Comparison with Desktop-Based Tools
Authors: Şoflău Radu , David Daniel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Although virtual reality systems (VR) are being increasingly used to assess paranoid thoughts, there is a scarcity of data concerning the relative usefulness of VR for investigating these symptoms. The current study aimed to compare the usefulness of VR with that of a less expensive desktop-based tool for assessing paranoia. One hundred and twenty-six participants (mean age = 21.42 years, SD = 4.38, range = 18, 47; 81.8% female) were recruited for this study. After completing measures of trait paranoia and of a number of theoretical predictors of paranoia, participants were randomly assigned to a VR or a desktop-based assessment of paranoid thoughts. An identical neutral social scenario was implemented in both conditions. Results showed that unlike desktop-based assessments (F(1, 64) = 2.01, p = .161, partial ŋ2 = .03), VR assessments indicated higher levels of paranoid thoughts among individuals with high levels of trait paranoia than among those with low levels of trait paranoia (F(1, 64) = 5.49, p = .022, partial ŋ2 = .08), but only for one measure of paranoid thoughts. For the other measure, results followed a similar pattern, but the interaction between trait paranoia and the type of environment was not significant (F (1, 65) = 3.57, p = .052). Moreover, both measures of paranoid thoughts used in VR were significantly related to trait paranoia and a large number of predictors (p &lt; .05), while just one measure of paranoid thoughts used in the desktop environment was significantly associated with trait paranoia and solely one of the tested predictors (p &lt; .05). In addition, individuals assessed in VR reported higher levels of cognitive absorption than those assigned to a desktop-based assessment. Overall, findings of the present study suggest that VR may be better suited for the investigation of paranoid thoughts than desktop-based tools.
Cationic cell-penetrating peptide is bactericidal against Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: John Constance M , Li Min , Feng Dongxiao , Jarvis Gary A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been evaluated for intracellular delivery of molecules and several CPPs have bactericidal activity. Our objectives were to determine the effect of a 12 amino acid CPPs on survival and on the invasive and inflammatory potential of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Methods
Survival of MDR and human challenge strains of N. gonorrhoeae grown in cell culture medium with 10% FBS was determined after treatment with the CPP and human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 for 4 h. Confocal microscopy was used to examine penetration of FITC-labelled CPP into bacterial cells. The ability of the CPP to prevent invasion of human ME-180 cervical epithelial cells and to reduce the induction of TNF-α in human THP-1 monocytic cells in response to gonococcal infection was assessed. Cytotoxicity of the CPP towards the THP-1 cells was determined.

Results
The CPP was bactericidal, with 95%–100% killing of all gonococcal strains at 100 μM. Confocal microscopy of gonococci incubated with FITC-labelled CPP revealed the penetration of the peptide. CPP treatment of N. gonorrhoeae inhibited gonococcal invasion of ME-180 cells and reduced the expression of TNF-α induced in THP-1 cells by gonococci. The CPP showed no cytotoxicity towards human THP-1 cells.

Conclusions
Based on these promising results, future studies will focus on testing of CPP in the presence of other types of host cells and exploration of structural modifications of the CPP that could decrease its susceptibility to proteolysis and increase its potency.
The Trouble With Kratom: Analytical and Interpretative Issues Involving Mitragynine
Authors: Papsun Donna M , Chan-Hosokawa Ayako , Friederich Laura , Brower Justin , Graf Kristopher , Logan Barry 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMitragynine is the primary active alkaloid in the leaves of the tropical tree Mitragyna speciosa, and goes by the popular names “Kratom”, biak-biak and maeng da. Mitragynine is increasingly seen in forensic toxicology casework including driving under the influence of drugs and medicolegal death investigation cases. The toxicity of mitragynine continues to be debated in the scientific community as advocates highlight its long history of use in Southeast Asia and testimonials to its benefits by present-day users, while opponents point to an increasing number of adverse events tied to mitragynine use in Western societies. Quantitative reports of mitragynine in biological specimens from forensic investigations in the literature are sparse and may be influenced by poor analyte stability and inadequate resolution of mitragynine from its diastereomers, which could lead to falsely elevated concentrations and subsequently render those reported concentrations inappropriate for comparison to a reference range. Over the course of 27 months, 1,001 blood specimens submitted to our laboratory tested positive for mitragynine using a sensitive and specific quantitative LC-MS/MS method; concentrations ranged from 5.6–29,000 ng/mL, with mean and median concentrations of 410 ± 1,124 and 130 ng/mL, respectively. Mitragynine presents an analytical challenge that requires a method that appropriately separates and identifies mitragynine itself from its isomers and other related natural products. We describe a validated analytical method and present a short series of case reports that provide examples of apparent adverse events, and the associated range of mitragynine concentrations. This type of analytical specificity is required to appropriately interpret mitragynine concentrations detected in biological specimens from forensic casework and assess its potential toxicity.
Microangiography: An Alternative Tool for Assessing Severe Frostbite Injury
Authors: Lacey Alexandra M , Fey Ryan M , Gayken Jon R , Endorf Frederick W , Schmitz Kyle R , Punjabi Gopal V , Masters Thomas C , Nygaard Rachel M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Assessment of frostbite injury typically relies on computed tomography, angiography, or nuclear medicine studies to detect perfusion deficits prior to thrombolytic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of a novel imaging method, microangiography, in the assessment of severe frostbite injury. Patients with severe frostbite were included if they received a post-thrombolytic Technetium 99 (Tc99) bone scan, a Tc99 bone scan without thrombolytic therapy, and/or post-thrombolytic microangiography (MA) study. We included all patients from the years 2006 to 2018 with severe frostbite injury who had received appropriate imaging for diagnosis: Tc99 scan alone (N = 82), microangiography alone (N = 22), and both Tc99 and microangiography (N = 26). The majority of patients received thrombolytic therapy (76.2%), and the average time to thrombolytics was 6.9 hours. Tc99 scans showed strong correlation with amputation level (r = .836, P < .001), and microangiography showed a slightly stronger positive correlation with amputation level (r = .870, P < .001). In the subset who received both Tc99 scan and microangiography (N = 26), we observed significant differences in the mean scores of perfusion deficit (z = 3.20, P < .001). In this subset, a moderate correlation was found between level of perfusion deficit on Tc99 bone scan and amputation level (r = .525, P = .006). A very strong positive correlation was found between the microangiography studies and the amputation level (r = .890, P < .001). These results demonstrate that microangiography is a reliable alternative method of assessing severe frostbite injury and predicting amputation level.
Wound Healing Effect of Nonthermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet on a Rat Burn Wound Model: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lee Yoonje , Ricky Sanjaya , Lim Tae Ho , Jang Ki-Seok , Kim Hongjung , Song Yeongtak , Kim Sang-You , Chung Kyu-sun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Worldwide, an estimated 6 million patients seek medical attention for burns annually. Various treatment methods and materials have been investigated and developed to enhance burn wound healing. Recently, a new technology, plasma medicine, has emerged to offer new solutions in wound care. As the development of plasma medicine has shown benefit in wound healing, we aimed to assess the effects of plasma medicine on burn wounds. To investigate the effectiveness of a nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NAPPJ) for burn wound treatment on a brass comb burn wound rat model. Burn wounds were made by applying a preheated brass comb (100°C) for 2 minutes, which resulted in four full-thickness burn wounds separated by three interspaces. Interspaces were exposed to NAPPJ treatment for 2 minutes and morphological changes and neutrophil infiltration were monitored at 0, 4, and 7 days post-wounding. The percentage of necrotic interspace was higher in the control group than in the plasma-treated group (51.8 ± 20.5% vs 31.5 ± 19.0%, P &lt; .001). Moreover, the exposure of interspace to NAPPJ greatly reduced the number of infiltrating neutrophils. In addition, the percentage of interspace that underwent full-thickness necrosis in the plasma-treated group was smaller than that in the control group (28% vs 67%). NAPPJ exposure on interspaces has a positive effect on burn wounds leading to wound healing by reducing burn injury progression.