bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patchable and Implantable 2D Nanogenerator
Authors: Han Sang A , Lee Ju‐Hyuck , Seung Wanchul , Lee Jaewoo , Kim Sang‐Woo , Kim Jung Ho 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith the development of technology, electronic devices are becoming more miniaturized and multifunctional. With the development of small electronic devices, they are changing from the conventional accessory type, which is portable, to the patchable type, which can be attached to a person's apparel or body, and the eatable/implantable type, which can be directly implanted into the human body. In this regard, it is necessary to address various technical issues, such as high‐capacity/high‐efficiency small‐sized battery technology, component miniaturization, low power technology, flexible technology, and smart sensing technology. In addition, there is a demand for self‐powered wireless systems in particular devices. A piezoelectric/triboelectric nanogenerator (PENG/TENG) can generate electric energy from small amounts of mechanical energy such as from blood flow and heartbeats in the human body as well as human movement, so it is expected that it will enable the development of self‐powered wireless systems. Due to their unique properties, such as flexibility, transparency, mechanical stability, and nontoxicity, 2D materials are optimal materials for the development of implantable and patchable self‐powered nanodevices in the human body. In this Review, the studies related to patchable and implantable devices for the human body using PENGs/TENGs based on 2D materials are discussed.
Synergistic Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy of Endophthalmitis Mediated by Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐Based Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Chen Hao , Yang Jie , Sun Lin , Zhang Hengrui , Guo Yishun , Qu Jia , Jiang Wenya , Chen Wei , Ji Jian , Yang Ying‐Wei , Wang Bailiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEndophthalmitis, derived from the infections of pathogens, is a common complication during the use of ophthalmology‐related biomaterials and after ophthalmic surgery. Herein, aiming at efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) of bacterial infections and biofilm eradication of endophthalmitis, a pH‐responsive zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8‐polyacrylic acid (ZIF‐8‐PAA) material is constructed for bacterial infection–targeted delivery of ammonium methylbenzene blue (MB), a broad‐spectrum photosensitizer antibacterial agent. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is incorporated into the system to achieve higher pH responsiveness and better drug loading capacity. MB‐loaded ZIF‐8‐PAA nanoparticles are modified with AgNO3/dopamine for in situ reduction of AgNO3 to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), followed by a secondary modification with vancomycin/NH2‐polyethylene glycol (Van/NH2‐PEG), leading to the formation of a composite nanomaterial, ZIF‐8‐PAA‐MB@AgNPs@Van‐PEG. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–vis spectral analysis are used to explore the nanoparticles synthesis, drug loading and release, and related material properties. In terms of biological performance, in vitro antibacterial studies against three kinds of bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, suggest an obvious superiority of PDT/AgNPs to any single strategy. Both in vitro retinal pigment epithelium cellular biocompatibility experiments and in vivo mice endophthalmitis models verify the biocompatibility and antibacterial function of the composite nanomaterials.
Unravelling H+/Zn2+ Synergistic Intercalation in a Novel Phase of Manganese Oxide for High‐Performance Aqueous Rechargeable Battery
Authors: Zhao Qinghe , Chen Xin , Wang Ziqi , Yang Luyi , Qin Runzhi , Yang Jinlong , Song Yongli , Ding Shouxiang , Weng Mouyi , Huang Weiyuan , Liu Jiajie , Zhao Wenguang , Qian Guoyu , Yang Kai , Cui Yanhui , Chen Haibiao , Pan Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAqueous Zn‐MnO2 batteries using mild electrolyte show great potential in large‐scale energy storage (LSES) application, due to high safety and low cost. However, structure collapse of manganese oxides upon cycling caused by the conversion mechanism (e.g., from tunnel to layer structures for α‐, β‐, and γ‐phases) is one of the most urgent issues plaguing its practical applications. Herein, to avoid the phase conversion issue and enhance battery performance, a structurally robust novel phase of manganese oxide MnO2H0.16(H2O)0.27 (MON) nanosheet with thickness of ≈2.5 nm is designed and synthesized as a promising cathode material, in which a nanosheet structure combined with a novel H+/Zn2+ synergistic intercalation mechanism is demonstrated and evidenced. Accordingly, a high‐performance Zn/MON cell is achieved, showing a high energy density of ≈228.5 Wh kg−1, impressive cyclability with capacity retention of 96% at 0.5 C after 300 cycles, as well as exhibiting rate performance of 115.1 mAh g−1 at current rate of 10 C. To the best current knowledge, this H+/Zn2+ synergistic intercalation mechanism is first reported in an aqueous battery system, which opens a new opportunity for development of high‐performance aqueous Zn ion batteries for LSES.
Modeling and structuring design rationale to enable knowledge reuse
Authors: Siddharth L. , Chakrabarti Amaresh , Ranganath R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe aim to lend insights into “what” constitutes design rationale and “how” to capture these. We restrict the scope of design rationale to the cases of failures observed while testing real engineered systems. We propose a model as an integration of a system hierarchy, a causal chain, and a causality model to cast multiple views of design rationale. The model is structured into databases using a newly introduced version of design structure matrices and supported using a web interface called CRIS4P, which is deployed at a space agency. We report a case example from the spacecraft domain and benchmark the proposed model against IBIS‐FAD model.
Human capital in the internationalization of family firms
Authors: Kidwell Roland E. , Fuentes‐Lombardo Guadalupe , Sanchez‐Famoso Valeriano , Cano‐Rubio Myriam , Kloepfer Kathryn E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResearch concerning the influence of human capital (HC) on internationalization strategies typically highlights skills displayed by business executives. This article is one of the few studies that examines the values, attitudes, and capabilities related to the HC of international companies. Our study attempts to understand the role that HC plays in the international commitment (IC) achieved by family and nonfamily firms and whether the HC of family firms (FFs) can be considered a source of competitive advantage in pursuing an international strategy. Partial Least Squares method is used for analyzing data collected from 270 Spanish firms. Results show HC differs between family and non‐FFs and plays a crucial role in the international strategy of FFs. Specifically, professional experience, training, and educational level, the degree of market and industry knowledge, specific skills to work in international markets, and concern for employees are superior in FFs, resulting in the achievement of higher levels of IC when compared to non‐FFs. The results should encourage managers and/or owners of these companies to exploit and effectively govern specific human resource strengths when they enter and experience growth in other markets.
Orthophosphoric acid solutions of sodium orthovanadate, sodium tungstate, and sodium molybdate as potential corrosion inhibitors of the Al2Cu intermetallic phase
Authors: Kwolek Przemysław , Dychtoń Kamil , Pytel Maciej 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOrthophosphoric acid solutions of sodium orthovanadate, sodium tungstate, and sodium molybdate are tested as potential corrosion inhibitors of the Al2Cu intermetallic phase. Corrosion inhibition is observed for 0.2 M solutions of Na3VO4and Na2WO4by increasing the pH to > 2. When the pH is < 2, the aforementioned salts increase the corrosion rate of the intermetallic phase. A 0.2 M solution of Na3VO4causes the precipitation of vanadium phosphate on the surface of the Al2Cu phase at pH = 1.
Skills combinations and firm performance
Authors: Siepel Josh , Camerani Roberto , Masucci Monica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCreative skills, STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) skills and management skills have all been positively associated with firm performance as well as regional growth. But do firms that combine these types of skills in their workforce grow more quickly than those that do not? We compare the impact of STEM, creative and management skills on their own, and in various combinations, on turnover growth. We use a longitudinal dataset of UK firms over the period 2008–2014 with lagged turnover data to explore whether the combination of skills used by a firm impacts its future turnover growth. Using fixed-effect panel and pooled OLS models, we find that the performance benefits associated with both STEM and creative skills materialize when they are combined with each other or with management skills rather than when they are deployed on their own.
High-speed force spectroscopy: microsecond force measurements using ultrashort cantilevers
Authors: Valotteau Claire , Sumbul Fidan , Rico Felix 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Complete understanding of the role of mechanical forces in biological processes requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of individual proteins and living cells. Moreover, the dynamic response of biological systems at the nano- and microscales span over several orders of magnitude in time, from sub-microseconds to several minutes. Thus, access to force measurements over a wide range of length and time scales is required. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) using ultrashort cantilevers has emerged as a tool to study the dynamics of biomolecules and cells at video rates. The adaptation of HS-AFM to perform high-speed force spectroscopy (HS-FS) allows probing protein unfolding and receptor/ligand unbinding up to the velocity of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with sub-microsecond time resolution. Moreover, application of HS-FS on living cells allows probing the viscoelastic response at short time scales providing deep understanding of cytoskeleton dynamics. In this mini-review, we assess the principles and recent developments and applications of HS-FS using ultrashort cantilevers to probe molecular and cellular mechanics.
A&nbsp;multiple-trainee, multiple-level, multiple-competency (multi-TLC) simulation-based approach to training obstetrical emergencies
Authors: Mueller Valerie , Ellis Susan , Murray-Davis Beth , Sonnadara Ranil , Grierson Lawrence E. M. 
Published: October 2019

Competency-based education requires that programs increase the breadth of direct observation and assessment to improve resident training. To achieve these goals, the authors developed and executed a multiple-trainee, multiple-level, multiple-competency (Multi-TLC) obstetrical emergencies simulation curriculum. Depending upon their training level (PGY1–PGY5), obstetrics and gynaecology residents participated in various roles (i.e., first responder, second responder, confederates, and evaluators) within four simulation scenarios designed to provide opportunities for education, direct observation, and assessment across a number of competencies (i.e., medical expert, communicator, collaborator, leader, advocate, and scholar). The curriculum was carried out over 8 h spread evenly across 2 days (i.e., 4 h/day) and involved periods of pre-briefing, live simulation, and debriefing. An evaluation of the Multi-TLC was operationalised via a context-input-process-product model. This report presents the outcomes of that evaluation derived from quasi-experimental comparisons of the new and previous curricula across four priorities for simulation-based education identified by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at McMaster University (Hamilton, ON, Canada): increasing learning opportunities, maintaining or improving resident learning, maintaining or reducing program costs, and improving resident satisfaction. The evaluation revealed that the Multi-TLC curriculum permitted a greater breadth of direct observation and assessment across competencies, maintained the previous learning objectives while also addressing additional ones, and was done so in a way that reduced the overall financial and human resource costs associated with the department’s obstetrical emergency simulation curriculum. A Multi-TLC organisation of simulation curricula can facilitate efficient application of competency-based education principles.
Attachment security, early childhood intervention and the National Disability Insurance Scheme: a risk and rights analysis
Authors: Alexander Stacey Lynne , Frederico Margarita , Long Maureen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo promote the rights, well-being and development of the child, and for the benefit of families and the community, attachment should be a central focus of early childhood intervention (ECI) under the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). ECI Key Workers have the opportunity to positively influence parent–child relationships and are encouraged to do so by the ECI national guidelines. This article identifies how elements of the NDIS design and implementation may be counterproductive to fostering attachment security in children. These elements can lead to delayed intervention; increased parental stress; reduced expertise of service providers; and financial disincentives for best practice in working with disadvantaged families. The article highlights the implications for children with a disability and their families in Australian society and identifies lessons for the design and implementation of social policy.
Weak ergodic averages over dilated measures
Authors: SUN WENBO 
Published: October 2019

Let$m\in \mathbb{N}$and$\mathbf{X}=(X,{\mathcal{X}},\unicode[STIX]{x1D707},(T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}})_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\in \mathbb{R}^{m}})$be a measure-preserving system with an$\mathbb{R}^{m}$-action. We say that a Borel measure$\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$on$\mathbb{R}^{m}$is weakly equidistributed for$\mathbf{X}$if there exists$A\subseteq \mathbb{R}$of density 1 such that, for all$f\in L^{\infty }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D707})$, we have$$\begin{eqnarray}\lim _{t\in A,t\rightarrow \infty }\int _{\mathbb{R}^{m}}f(T_{t\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}x)\,d\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})=\int _{X}f\,d\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}\end{eqnarray}$$for$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$-almost every$x\in X$. Let$W(\mathbf{X})$denote the collection of all$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\in \mathbb{R}^{m}$such that the$\mathbb{R}$-action$(T_{t\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}})_{t\in \mathbb{R}}$is not ergodic. Under the assumption of the pointwise convergence of the double Birkhoff ergodic average, we show that a Borel measure$\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$on$\mathbb{R}^{m}$is weakly equidistributed for an ergodic system$\mathbf{X}$if and only if$\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}(W(\mathbf{X})+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})=0$for every$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in \mathbb{R}^{m}$. Under the same assumption, we also show that$\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$is weakly equidistributed for all ergodic measure-preserving systems with$\mathbb{R}^{m}$-actions if and only if$\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}(\ell )=0$for all hyperplanes$\ell$of $\mathbb{R}^{m}$. Unlike many equidistribution results in literature whose proofs use methods from harmonic analysis, our results adopt a purely ergodic-theoretic approach.
Reattachment streaks in hypersonic compression ramp flow: an input–output analysis
Authors: Dwivedi Anubhav , Sidharth G. S. , Nichols Joseph W. , Candler Graham V. , Jovanović Mihailo R. 
Published: October 2019

We employ global input–output analysis to quantify amplification of exogenous disturbances in compressible boundary layer flows. Using the spatial structure of the dominant response to time-periodic inputs, we explain the origin of steady reattachment streaks in a hypersonic flow over a compression ramp. Our analysis of the laminar shock–boundary layer interaction reveals that the streaks arise from a preferential amplification of upstream counter-rotating vortical perturbations with a specific spanwise wavelength. These streaks are associated with heat-flux striations at the wall near flow reattachment and they can trigger transition to turbulence. The streak wavelength predicted by our analysis compares favourably with observations from two different hypersonic compression ramp experiments. Furthermore, our analysis of inviscid transport equations demonstrates that base-flow deceleration contributes to the amplification of streamwise velocity and that the baroclinic effects are responsible for the production of streamwise vorticity. Finally, the appearance of the temperature streaks near reattachment is triggered by the growth of streamwise velocity and streamwise vorticity perturbations as well as by the amplification of upstream temperature perturbations by the reattachment shock.
Light-absorbing impurities in snow cover across Northern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhong Xinyue , Kang Shichang , Zhang Wei , Yang Junhua , Li Xiaofei , Zhang Yulan , Liu Yajun , Chen Pengfei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLight-absorbing impurities (LAIs, e.g. black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), mineral dust (MD)) deposited on snow cover reduce albedo and accelerate its melting. Northern Xinjiang (NX) is an arid and semi-arid inland region, where snowmelt leads to frequent floods that have been a serious threat to local ecological security. There is still a lack of quantitative assessments of the effects of LAIs on snowmelt in the region. This study investigates spatial variations of LAIs in snow and its effect on snow albedo, radiative forcing (RF) and snowmelt across NX. Results showed that concentrations of BC, OC (only water-insoluble OC), MD ranged from 32 to 8841 ng g−1, 77 to 8568 ng g−1and 0.46 to 236 µg g−1, respectively. Weather Research and Forecasting Chemistry model suggested that residential emission was the largest source of BC. Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiative modelling showed that the average contribution of BC and MD to snow albedo reduction was 17 and 3%, respectively. RF caused by BC significantly exceeded RF caused by MD. In different scenarios, changes in snow cover duration (SCD) caused by BC and MD decreased by 1.36 ± 0.61 to 6.12 ± 3.38 d. Compared with MD, BC was the main dominant factor in reducing snow albedo and SCD across NX.
The Benefits of Marginality: The Great Famine around the Aral Sea, 1930–1934
Authors: Pianciola Niccolò 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBased on research in Kazakhstani and Russian archives, this article is a regional study of the 1931–1933 Soviet famine. It compares Soviet policies in the southern and northern “halves” of the Aral Sea region. While the Kazaks in the northern part of the region suffered from the famine, the Karakalpaks in the south did not. The article explains this difference by underscoring the role of the main transportation infrastructure connecting Central Asia to Russia, the Orenburg-Tashkent railway. The railway crossed the northern, Kazak, part of the Aral Sea region and made massive livestock and grain procurements possible, while the absence of any reliable transportation route connecting Karakalpakstan to Soviet industrial centers contributed to shielding the Karakalpaks from the famine. The article also investigates the consequences of the famine for the Aral Sea fishing economy. The famine led to the inversion of the relative economic importance of the northern and southern parts of the sea: if before the famine fishing was concentrated in the former, after the famine it had shifted to the latter. Finally, the article situates the administrative detachment of Karakalpakstan from Kazakstan in 1930 within the context of Stalinist economic policies in Central Asia.
Trading in Fragmented Markets
Authors: Baldauf Markus , Mollner Joshua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study fragmentation of equity trading using a model of imperfect competition among exchanges. In the model, increased competition drives down trading fees. However, additional arbitrage opportunities arise in fragmented markets, intensifying adverse selection. Due to these opposing forces, the effects of fragmentation are context dependent. To empirically investigate the ambiguity in a single context, we estimate key parameters of the model with order-level data for an Australian security. According to the estimates, the benefits of increased competition are outweighed by the costs of multi-venue arbitrage. Compared with the prevailing duopoly, we predict the counterfactual monopoly spread to be 23% lower.
Stance-taking viaya′ani/ya′anu: A discourse marker in a Hebrew-Arabic language contact situation
Authors: Marmorstein Michal , Maschler Yael 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWe explore two stance-taking patterns in casual Hebrew conversation involvingya′ani/ya′anu, a discourse marker originating in colloquial Arabic. In the first,ya′ani/ya′anu, the same as Arabicyaʕni(lit. ‘it means’), frames reformulations of prior discourse serving to enhance interpersonal involvement and mutuality regarding the interlocutor's stance toward what has been said, thereby constructing intersubjectivity. The second pattern consists of a prosodic variant,ya′ani/ya′anu, functioning as a double-voiced ironic hedge. The latter is an innovation of Hebrew, brought about by its functional association with Hebrewke′ilu‘like’. The two uses ofya′ani/ya′anuelucidate two different processes that discourse markers in language contact situations may undergo: persistence of lexically motivated metalingual meaning, and extension of lexically unmotivated meaning. The considerably low frequency ofya′ani/ya′anuvis-à-viske′iluis explained by its devaluated social meaning in current Israeli discourse, as an index of nonhegemonic religious and ethnic groups such as Arabs and Mizrahi Jews. (Discourse markers, language contact, stance-taking, (re)formulations, irony, metalanguaging, indexicality, intersubjectivity)*
Regeneration ofQuercusspp. along interactive forest boundaries in a fragmented peri-urban landscape of Mexico City
Authors: Cázares Yilotl , Vergara Pablo M , García-Romero Arturo 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBiodiversity conservation in forest fragments surrounded by a low-quality matrix requires an understanding of how ecological conditions prevailing in the matrix enter the fragments and interact with local habitat conditions. We assessed the regeneration of oak species along edge–interior gradients in forest fragments at the periphery of Mexico City. The abundance of oak saplings was sampled along transects to the forest, while the edge effect was analysed using segmented zero-inflated Poisson models for abundance data. Three oak species were dominant in terms of their relative abundances:Quercus laeta,Quercus castaneaandQuercus obtusata. Regeneration of nine oak species responded nonlinearly to the edge distance, with greater sapling abundance from the edge up to 10 m into the fragment. Canopy cover and tree height decreased from edge to fragment interior, while saplings increased in open areas within the fragments (i.e., independent of edge distance). A posterior analysis indicated thatQ. obtusatareacted positively to edges. These results indicate that oak regeneration is promoted by suitable habitat conditions near the boundaries. Therefore, we suggest that forest management should focus on promoting seed production and oak establishment in forest interior habitats.