bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia–Derived IL-10 Suppresses Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Alhakeem Sara S. , McKenna Mary K. , Oben Karine Z. , Noothi Sunil K. , Rivas Jacqueline R. , Hildebrandt Gerhard C. , Fleischman Roger A. , Rangnekar Vivek M. , Muthusamy Natarajan , Bondada Subbarao 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients progressively develop an immunosuppressive state. CLL patients have more plasma IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, than healthy controls. In vitro human CLL cells produce IL-10 in response to BCR cross-linking. We used the transgenic Eμ–T cell leukemia oncogene-1 (TCL1) mouse CLL model to study the role of IL-10 in CLL associated immunosuppression. Eμ-TCL mice spontaneously develop CLL because of a B cell–specific expression of the oncogene, TCL1. Eμ-TCL1 mouse CLL cells constitutively produce IL-10, which is further enhanced by BCR cross-linking, CLL-derived IL-10 did not directly affect survival of murine or human CLL cells in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that the CLL-derived IL-10 has a critical role in CLL disease in part by suppressing the host immune response to the CLL cells. In IL-10R−/− mice, wherein the host immune cells are unresponsive to IL-10–mediated suppressive effects, there was a significant reduction in CLL cell growth compared with wild type mice. IL-10 reduced the generation of effector CD4 and CD8 T cells. We also found that activation of BCR signaling regulated the production of IL-10 by both murine and human CLL cells. We identified the transcription factor, Sp1, as a novel regulator of IL-10 production by CLL cells and that it is regulated by BCR signaling via the Syk/MAPK pathway. Our results suggest that incorporation of IL-10 blocking agents may enhance current therapeutic regimens for CLL by potentiating host antitumor immune response.
Framing and Visual Type: Effect on Future Zika Vaccine Uptake Intent
Authors: Guidry Jeanine P.D. , Carlyle Kellie E. , LaRose Jessica G. , Perrin Paul , Ryan Mark , Messner Marcus , Adams Jay 
Published: April 2018

Introduction The Zika virus is associated with the birth defect microcephaly, and while a vaccine was not available in early- 2017, several were under development. This study's purpose was to identify effective communication strategies to promote uptake of a new vaccine, particularly among women of reproductive age. Design and methods In order to study the effects of Zika message framing (gain vs. loss) and visual type (photo vs. infographic) on future Zika vaccine uptake intent, a 2×2 between-subjects experiment was performed via an online survey in 2017 among 339 U.S. women of reproductive age (18-49 years). Participants were exposed to one of four messages, all resembling Instagram posts: gain-framed vs. loss-framed infographic, and gain-framed vs. loss-framed photo. These messages were followed by questions about Zika vaccine uptake intent as well as intermediate psychosocial variables that could lead to intent. Results There was no interaction between framing and visual type (P=0.116), and there was no effect for framing (P=0.185) or visual type (P=0.724) on future Zika vaccine uptake intent, which is likely indicative of insufficient dosage of the intervention. However, when focusing on intermediate psychosocial constructs that are known to influence behavior and intent, gain-framed messages were more effective in increasing subjective norms (P=0.005) as related to a future Zika vaccine, as well as perceived benefits (P=0.016) and self-efficacy (P=0.032). Conclusions Gain-framed messages seem to be more effective than loss-framed messages to increase several constructs that could, in turn, affect future Zika vaccine uptake intent. This is a novel finding since, traditionally, loss-framed messages are considered more beneficial in promoting vaccine-related health behaviors.
Hearing children of Deaf parents: Gender and birth order in the delegation of the interpreter role in culturally Deaf families
Authors: Moroe Nomfundo F. , De Andrade Victor 
Published: April 2018

Background: Culturally, hearing children born to Deaf parents may have to mediate two different positions within the hearing and Deaf cultures. However, there appears to be little written about the experiences of hearing children born to Deaf parents in the South African context.Objective: This study sought to investigate the roles of children of Deaf adults (CODAs) as interpreters in Deaf-parented families, more specifically, the influence of gender and birth order in language brokering.Method: Two male and eight female participants between the ages of 21 and 40 years were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling strategies. A qualitative design was employed and data were collected using a semi-structured, open-ended interview format. Themes which emerged were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: The findings indicated that there was no formal assignment of the interpreter role; however, female children tended to assume the role of interpreter more often than the male children. Also, it appeared as though the older children shifted the responsibility for interpreting to younger siblings. The participants in this study indicated that they interpreted in situations where they felt they were not developmentally or emotionally ready, or in situations which they felt were better suited for older siblings or for siblings of another gender.Conclusion: This study highlights a need for the formalisation of interpreting services for Deaf people in South Africa in the form of professional interpreters rather than the reliance on hearing children as interpreters in order to mediate between Deaf and hearing cultures.
El uso por los periodistas de las recomendaciones de la OMS para la prevención del suicidio. El caso del periódico Abc
Authors: Garrido-Fabián Fermín , Serrano-López Antonio Eleazar , Catalán-Matamoros Daniel 
Published: April 2018

El suicidio es la primera causa de muerte no natural en España. Según la OMS, una mejor cobertura del suicidio por los medios de comunicación puede resultar ser una estrategia efectiva para su prevención. Objetivo: Este estudio analiza si las recomendaciones de la OMS para la cobertura sobre suicidio en medios de comunicación han influido al tratamiento mediático del suicidio en el periódico Abc. Metodología: Análisis de las noticias sobre suicidios publicadas en los años 1995, 2000 y 2005. Resultados: 90 apariciones sobre suicidios fueron identificadas observándose una reducción significativa en el porcentaje de noticias que informaron sobre el método empleado, que informaron del suicidio como algo inexplicable o simplista y que describieron el suicidio como método para enfrentar problemas entre 1995 y 2005. Conclusiones: La cobertura informativa del suicidio de Abc ha mejorado entre 1995 y 2005 pero no en todos los aspectos recomendados por la OMS.
Participatory, explorative, qualitative modeling: application of the iMODELER software to assess trade-offs among the SDGs
Authors: Neumann Kai , Anderson Carl , Denich Manfred 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in their generalized form need to be further reflected in order to identify synergies and trade-offs between their targets, and to apply them to concrete nations and regions. Explorative qualitative cause and effect modeling could serve as an approach for considering crucial factors to better understand the interrelations among the SDGs, eventually leading to more informed concrete measures that are able to cope with the SDG’s inherent obstacles. This work describes a model that could serve as a template for concrete application. The generalized model already points to some potential trade-offs. Its first analysis cautiously raises doubts that some possible assumptions behind the SDGs might overlook systemic boundaries. For example, an undifferentiated increase of productivity contradicts a lessened environmental impact and need for resources in light of potential planetary boundaries. However, the model was developed as a starting point and requires modification for its application to a concrete region.
Phytochemical screening and In-vitro antioxidant activity of <em>Centella asiatica</em> extracts
Authors: Yadav Mukesh Kumar , Singh Santosh Kumar , Tripathi JS , Tripathi YB 
Published: April 2018

<p><em>Centella asiatica</em> also known as <em>mandukparni </em>or Indian pennywort or <em>jalbrahmi</em>, which has been used as a medicine in the Ayurveda from ancient times and mentioned in many classical texts of Ayurveda. <em>Centella asiatica</em> has long been used to improve memory and cognitive function.</p><p>The study aimed to identify the phytochemicals present in different solvent extracts of <em>Centella asiatica </em>(i.e. PECA- Petroleum ether extract of <em>C. asiatica, </em>CCA- Chloroform extract of <em>C. asiatica, </em>EACA- Ethyl acetate extract of <em>C. asiatica,</em> ECA- Ethanolic extract of <em>C. asiatica, </em>HACA- Hydro-alcoholic extract of <em>C. asiatica</em>)<em> </em>and evaluate the respective in-vitro antioxidant potentials. <em></em></p><p>The phytochemical screening of extracts was done with standardized procedures and the antioxidant potential of different solvent extracts of <em>Centella asiatica</em> was assessed by its free radical scavenging activity 2, 2-diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay respectively for reducing capability.</p><p>In all different solvent extracts of <em>C. asiatica</em> revealed excellent free radical scavenging activity as revealed by 2-2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay with EC<sub>50</sub> values for ECA=128.752±1.85 μg/ml, HACA=274.884±1.21 μg/ml and hydrogen peroxide assay against the standard (Butylated hydroxytoluene) BHT, with the EC<sub>50</sub> values ECA=429.69±0.92 μg/ml HACA=458.08±0.58 μg/ml while rest solvent extracts shown very less antioxidant activity.</p><p> The present study indicates that the <em>Centella asiatica</em> extracts have good antioxidant activity which can be used in stress and anxiety and also a good source to be used as natural drugs.</p>
Screening of some plant materials used in South-West Algerian traditional medicine for their antibacterial activity
Authors: Naima Fatehi , BENMEHDI Houcine , Hocine Allali , Nawal Oulednecir 
Published: April 2018

<p>The initial introduction of new medicinal agents into the health care system sometimes, requires information beyond that is recorded in libraries relying instead, on reports available through traditions and healers within a society. This paper explored the antibacterial activity of aqueous and hydromethanolic extracts of nine folkloric medicinal plant from Bechar region (southwest Algeria) namely: <em>A. nardus, A. schoenanthus, G. vulgaris, </em>two species of<em> H. scoparia green &amp; red, P. laevigata, R. tripartita, T. gallica</em> and <em>T. nudatum</em>, frequently used in the local traditional medicine. The antibacterial activity of different extracts were evaluated by using disc diffusion method agar and antibiotics susceptibility of ten selected microorganisms: seven reference strains, <em>Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus</em>,<em> Escherichia coli</em>,<em> Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Salmonella typhi</em>, and three clinically isolated strains, <em>Escherichia coli</em> (Urinary Tract Infection), <em>Escherichia coli</em> (Vaginal Infection) and <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(Skin Infection).</p><p>The maximum antibacterial activity was recorded against the gram negative reference strains <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>and<em> Escherichia coli</em> with a maximum inhibition diameter of 15.6 ± 0.5 and 15.0 ± 1.4 mm respectively displayed by the aqueous extract of <em>T. gallica, </em>followed by the activity detected by the hydromethanolic extract of <em>R. tripartita</em> against the gram negative reference strain <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>(14.6±1.2 mm) and the aqueous and hydromethanolic extracts of <em>R. tripartita</em> against the gram negative reference strains <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and<em> Escherichia coli</em> with a maximum inhibition diameter of 14.3 ± 2.0 and 14.3±0.5 mm, respectively.</p><p>According to the present study, <em>H. scoparia red, P. laevigata, R. tripartita, and T. gallica</em>can be served as broad spectrum antibiotic and used as a potent source of natural antibacterial agents by replacing commercially available synthetic drug that may have a large number of side effects.</p>
Anti-diabetic and acute toxicity studies of <em>Annona squamosa</em> L. ethanolic leaves extract.
Authors: Saeed Farah - , Ahmad Mansoor 
Published: April 2018

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>Aim of this research work was to explore the anti-diabetic activity and acute toxicity of <em>Annona squamosa </em>L. leaves ethanolic extract in albino rats and mice respectively.</p><p>Diabetes was induced by Alloxan (120 mg/kg). Seven rats were taken in each group. Glibenclaimide (0.25 mg/kg) was taken as the standard drug. <em>A. squamosa</em> was administered orally in 100mg, 200mg and 400mg doses in three different groups of diabetes- induced rats. <em>A. squamosa</em> leaves extracts were found to have significant anti-diabetic activity.</p><p>Acute toxicity study was carried out on administration of 800mg/kg, 1600mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg body weight. No acute toxicity was observed at 800mg/kg and 1600mg/kg doses. At 5000mg/kg body weight dose 100% fatality was recorded within 24 hours.</p><p>Our research work revealed the safe and effective anti-diabetic activity of <em>Annona squamosa</em> ethanolic leaves extract. </p>
Investigating the phase-solubility and compatibility study of anticancer drug complexed with β-cyclodextrin and HP–β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Dhurve Preeti , Tripathi Atul , Gidwani Bina , Vyas Amber 
Published: April 2018

Poor aqueous solubility and dissolution rates are critical problems that hinders the formulation, development and delivery of most of BCS class II and class IV drugs. Gefitinib is a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drug used in treatment of cancer. The objective of the present study was to investigate the drug-cyclodextrin compatibility study by FTIR and DSC study. The phase solubility study revealed formation of 1:1 stoichiometry binary inclusion complex. The complex was prepared by kneading method. FT-IR spectra provided the data indicating that the HP-β-CD was more effective than β-CD. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms indicated stronger amorphization and entrapment of gefitinib with HP-β-CD.
Comparison of knowledge, attitude and practice toward oral health between pediatricians and family doctors
Authors: Gezgin Onur , Korkut Emre , Özer Hazal , Şener Yağmur 
Published: April 2018

Aim: Pediatricians and family doctors are at the first step in the education of parents about oral health, as well as the prevention of oral diseases and the provision of oral health in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pediatricians and family doctors about oral health in children.
Methodology: A questionnaire consisting of 50 items was sent to pediatrician and family doctors via mail. Descriptive analysis and chi-square tests were done to analyze the data. Participation in the survey, with a total of 240 participants (58 pediatricians, 182 family doctors), was 100%.
Results: It was found that pediatricians believe that they have more important role in the development of oral health and prevention of oral diseases and they are more interested in participating in the oral health program than are the family doctors.
Conclusion: Pediatricians and family doctors should work with dentists to improve the quality of oral hygiene in all young children.
Interpathologist Diagnostic Agreement for Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinomas Using Current and Recent Classifications
Authors: Funkhouser William K. , Hayes D. Neil , Moore Dominic T. , Funkhouser W. Keith , Fine Jason P. , Jo HeeJoon , Nikolaishvilli-Feinberg Nana , Eeva Mervi , Grilley-Olson Juneko E. , Banks Peter M. , Graziano Paolo , Boswell Elizabeth L. , Elmberger Goran , Raparia Kirtee , Hart Craig F. , Sholl Lynette M. , Nolan Norris J. , Fritchie Karen J. , Pouagare Ersie , Allen Timothy C. , Volmar Keith E. , Biddinger Paul W. , Kleven Daniel T. , Papez Michael J. , Spencer Deborah V. , Rekhtman Natasha , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Hariri Lida , Driver Brandon , Cagle Philip T. 
Published: April 2018

Context.—
Measurement of interpathologist diagnostic agreement (IPDA) should allow pathologists to improve current diagnostic criteria and disease classifications.

Objectives.—
To determine how IPDA for pathologists' diagnoses of non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is affected by the addition of a set of mucin and immunohistochemical (IHC) stains to hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) alone, by recent NSCLC reclassifications, by simplification of these classifications, and by pathologists' practice location, pulmonary pathology expertise, practice duration, and lung carcinoma case exposure.

Design.—
We used a Web-based survey to present core images of 54 NSCLC cases to 22 practicing pathologists for diagnosis, initially as H&E only, then as H&E plus mucin and 4 IHC stains. Each case was diagnosed according to published 2004, 2011, and 2015 NSCLC classifications. Cohen's kappa was calculated for the 231 pathologist pairs as a measure of IPDA.

Results.—
Twenty-two pathologists diagnosed 54 NSCLC cases by using 4 published classifications. IPDA is significantly higher for H&E/mucin/IHC diagnoses than for H&E-only diagnoses. IPDA for H&E/mucin/IHC diagnoses is highest with the 2015 classification. IPDA is estimated higher after collapse of stated diagnoses into subhead or dichotomized classes. IPDA for H&E/mucin/IHC diagnoses with the 2015 World Health Organization classification is similar for community and academic pathologists, and is higher when pathologists have pulmonary pathology expertise, have more than 6 years of practice experience, or diagnose more than 100 new lung carcinoma cases per year.

Conclusions.—
Higher IPDA is associated with use of mucin and IHC stains, with the 2015 NSCLC classification, and with pathologists' pulmonary pathology expertise, practice duration, and frequency of lung carcinoma cases.
Laboratory Tests and X-ray Imaging in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit: Checking the Checklist
Authors: Yorkgitis Brian K. , Loughlin Jesse W. , Gandee Zachary , Bates Halla H. , Weinhouse Gerald 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Context
Patients in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) frequently undergo laboratory and imaging testing. These tests can lead to iatrogenic anemia and radiation exposure. Many of these tests may be unnecessary for the management of a patient's illness in the surgical ICU, and their ordering may be a reflex rather than in response to a clinical question. Checklists have been used in critical care to identify and address patient care strategies.

Objective
To examine whether adding a “diagnostic testing” section to a daily checklist used for patient rounds in a surgical ICU would decrease the amount of laboratory tests and chest x-ray imaging ordered.

Methods
An additional section was added to an established ICU daily checklist, which included the following 2 questions: “Is a [chest x-ray] needed for clinical management tomorrow?” and “What laboratory tests are medically necessary for tomorrow?” Comparison was made between 3-month preintervention (control group) and intervention (intervention group) periods. Medical records of hospitalized patients during the preintervention and intervention periods were compared to determine differences in the number of tests ordered per day during each period.

Results
A total of 307 adult patients at a single institution were included in the analysis: 155 in the control group and 152 in the intervention group. The patients in each group were similar in terms of sex, age, Sequential Organ Failure scores, Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, elective admission status, surgical procedures, number of days of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, and in-hospital death. No statistical reductions in laboratory tests or chest x-ray imaging ordered per day from the preintervention to intervention period were found.

Conclusion
The addition of the diagnostic testing section to the daily checklist did not result in a reduction of the amount of tests ordered per day. Further research on test appropriateness and the possible addition of a clinician decision-making tool could be studied in the future to assist with reduction of tests ordered in the surgical ICU.
Women in Osteopathic and Allopathic Medical Schools: An Analysis of Applicants, Matriculants, Enrollment, and Chief Academic Officers
Authors: Basha Maureen E. , Bauer Laurie J. , Modrzakowski Malcolm C. , Baker Helen H. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the 1993-1994 academic year, female enrollment was 34.7% in osteopathic medical schools and 40.2% in allopathic medical schools. To assess progress in female enrollment since that time, the authors examined admission data in the ensuing years, including female applicants, matriculants, and first-year students in osteopathic and allopathic medical schools, as well as female chief academic officers at these institutions. In the 2004-2005 academic year, 50.3% of first-year students in osteopathic medical schools were women; however, by the 2013-2014 academic year, that figure dropped to 44.2%. The percentage rose slightly by the 2016-2017 academic year to 45.9%. Additionally, for the 2016-2017 academic year, allopathic medical schools had a significantly higher proportion of female matriculants than did osteopathic medical schools (49.8% vs 45.9%, respectively; P<.001).
Psychogenic Dizziness: An Important but Overlooked Differential Diagnosis in the Workup of the Dizzy Patient
Authors: Kelm Zak , Klapchar Kimberly , Kieliszak Christopher R. , Selinsky Christopher 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChronic dizziness can be challenging for both patients and physicians, as a variety of specialists may be consulted and tests ordered before a diagnosis is established. The various potential etiologic processes involved in chronic dizziness require an interdisciplinary approach to care. Common causes include neurologic, vestibular, and cardiac diseases. Psychiatric disorders, however, may be overlooked when establishing a differential diagnosis. This case report illustrates some of the complexities in diagnosing and effectively managing chronic dizziness and serves as a reminder that psychiatric disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis.