bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Structural Differences between Two Ferrocenyl Diphenols Determine Large Discrepancies of Reactivity and Biological Effects
Authors: Tonolo Federica , Salmain Michèle , Scalcon Valeria , Top Siden , Pigeon Pascal , Folda Alessandra , Caron Benoit , McGlinchey Michael J. , Toillon Robert‐Alain , Bindoli Alberto , Jaouen Gérard , Vessières Anne , Rigobello Maria Pia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ferrocenyl diphenol complexes 1,1‐bis(4′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐ferrocenyl‐but‐1‐ene (1) and 1,2‐bis(4′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐ferrocenyl‐but‐1‐ene [(Z)‐2], which differ by the relative position of the two phenolic substituents, display dramatically different antiproliferative activities on cancer cells (1is far more cytotoxic than2). In this study, our goal was to discover the origin of this difference by comparing their reactivity and biological behaviour. In terms of common behaviour, we found that1and2are both efficient inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in vitro after oxidation by a horseradish peroxidase/H2O2system. However, as1is only a moderate inhibitor of TrxR in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, TrxR is probably not the major target responsible for the cytotoxicity of1. In terms of differences, we noted that1induced a significant redox imbalance characterised by lipid peroxidation and thiol oxidation, and a moderate decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential in breast cancer cells, whereas2has almost no effect. These results underline the importance of thetransconfiguration in the ferrocenyl–double bond–phenol motif, which is present in1but iscisin (Z)‐2.
The presence of helical flow can suppress areas of disturbed shear in parameterised models of an arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Cunnane Connor V. , Cunnane Eoghan M. , Moran Daniel T. , Walsh Michael T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAreas of disturbed shear that develop following arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation are believed to trigger the onset of intimal hyperplasia (IH), leading to AVF dysfunction. The presence of helical flow can suppress the flow disturbances that lead to disturbed shear in other areas of the vasculature. However, the relationship between helical flow and disturbed shear remains unevaluated in AVF. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to evaluate the relationship between geometry, helical flow, and disturbed shear in parameterised models of an AVF characterised by four different anastomosis angles. The AVF models with a small anastomosis angle demonstrate the lowest distribution of low/oscillating shear and are characterised by a high helical intensity coupled with a strong balance between helical structures. Contrastingly, the models with a large anastomosis angle experience the least amount of high shear, multidirectional shear, as well as spatial and temporal gradients of shear. Furthermore, the intensity of helical flow correlates strongly with curvature (r = 0.73, P < .001), whereas it is strongly and inversely associated with taper (r = −0.87, P < .001). In summary, a flow field dominated by a high helical intensity coupled with a strong balance between helical structures can suppress exposure to low/oscillating shear but is ineffective when it comes to other types of shear. This highlights the clinical potential of helical flow as a diagnostic marker of exposure to low/oscillating shear, as helical flow can be identified in vivo with the use of ultrasound imaging.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Tetrakis(1‐pyrenyl)porphyrins into Microscopic Petals and Flowers with Ultrasensitive Room‐Temperature NO2 Sensing in a Broad Humidity Range
Authors: Sun Qiqi , Liu Qi , Gong Lei , Wang Chiming , Kong Xia , Yang Chaoyi , Feng Weigang , Qi Dongdong , Dai Fangna , Li Xiyou , Chen Yanli 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA metal free meso‐tetrakis(1‐pyrenyl)porphyrin H2T[(Pyr)4]P (1) and its cobalt congener CoT[(Pyr)4]P (2) are firstly fabricated into the hierarchical nanopetals and micro‐ball‐flowers, respectively, by a simple solution‐based method. Unexpectedly highly sensitive, stable, selective and reproducible responses to 50–400 ppb NO2 gas are obtained at room temperature for the aggregates of both 1 and 2, within 2 min dynamic exposure period at a broad relative humidity (RH) range of 0%‐75%. In particular, the micro‐ball‐flowers of 2 achieve a sensitivity of 91.4 and 214% ppm−1 at 45% RH and 75% RH, respectively, demonstrating the potentials as chemical sensors operating in real‐world atmospheres. Furthermore, the sensitivity of 1 and 2 remains almost unchanged under 0%–75% RH after 6 months. The present work represents one of the best results among organic‐based ppb‐level NO2 sensors operating under a broad RH range in terms of sensitivity and stability to humidity variations at room temperature.
Selective Cellulose Hydrogenolysis to Ethanol Using Ni@C Combined with Phosphoric Acid Catalysts
Authors: Liu Qiying , Wang Haiyong , Xin Haosheng , Wang Chenguang , Yan Long , Wang Yingxiong , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xinghua , Xu Ying , Huber George W. , Ma Longlong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Longlong Ma at the Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS. The Front Cover shows the conversion of renewable biomass into cellulosic ethanol in water over Ni@C catalyst under mild conditions. In this work, a new one‐pot method is developed for production of ethanol from renewable and sustainable cellulose. With the aid of Ni@C catalyst and H3PO4, cellulose is directly converted into ethanol with high yield of 69.1 %, and an ethanol concentration up to 89 g L−1. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201901110.
Differential responses of amphibian and reptile assemblages to size of riparian buffers within managed forests
Authors: Guzy Jacquelyn C. , Halloran Kelly M. , Homyack Jessica A. , Thornton‐Frost Jamie E. , Willson John D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStreamside management zones (i.e., riparian buffers;SMZs) are commonly implemented within managed forests to protect water quality but may also provide habitat for riparian‐associated wildlife. Yet, little research has rigorously addressed the value ofSMZs for wildlife, particularly for cryptic species such as amphibians and reptiles. Previous studies of herpetofauna withinSMZs have focused on one or a few stream‐associated species, and questions remain regarding variation among species or guilds and what roleSMZs serve toward conservation of herpetofaunal diversity in managed forests. However, recent statistical advances have improved our ability to analyze large multi‐species presence–absence data sets, accounting for low detection rates typical for some herpetofaunal species. Our study represents an extensive landscape‐scale examination of herpetofaunal communities withinSMZs using a multi‐species occupancy approach. We conducted four replicate surveys at 102 headwater streams, spanning a gradient ofSMZwidths and adjacent forest stand ages, within the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas,USA. We used a hierarchical Bayesian community occupancy model to estimate species richness and species‐specific occupancy responses toSMZand overstory characteristics, accounting for variation in occupancy and detection attributable to site and sampling covariates. We documented high richness (37 species) withinSMZs. Across the herpetofaunal community, occupancy and species richness were consistently positively associated withSMZwidth, with maximum predicted richness of 30 species occurring at sites with buffers extending 51 m on either side of the stream. However, we documented considerable variation among groups and species within groups, underscoring the potential for different responses to forest management among taxa. Reptile predicted richness increased more rapidly up toSMZs of ~35 m, whereas maximum salamander predicted richness was not seen until anSMZwidth of 55 m. Estimated salamander richness was highest withinSMZs embedded in mature managed pine stands and was higher inSMZs comprised of a deciduous or mixed overstory vs. a pine overstory. Compared to salamanders, more anuran species showed high mean estimated occupancy (>75%) at narrowerSMZs (<30 m). Collectively, our results indicate thatSMZs surrounding small first‐order streams in intensively managed forests not only protect water quality, but also can support diverse amphibian and reptile communities.
Fire‐mediated habitat change regulates woodland bird species and functional group occurrence
Authors: Gosper Carl R. , Watson Simon J. , Fox Elizabeth , Burbidge Allan H. , Craig Michael D. , Douglas Tegan K. , Fitzsimons James A. , McNee Shapelle , Nicholls A. O. , O'Connor James , Prober Suzanne M. , Watson David M. , Yates Colin J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn an era characterized by recurrent large wildfires in many parts of the globe, there is a critical need to understand how animal species respond to fires, the rates at which populations can recover, and the functional changes fires may cause. Using quantified changes in habitat parameters over a ~400‐yr post‐fire chronosequence in an obligate‐seeding Australian eucalypt woodland, we build and test predictions of how birds, as individual species and aggregated into functional groups according to their use of specific habitat resources, respond to time since fire. Individual bird species exhibited four generalized response types to time since fire: incline, decline, delayed, and bell. All significant relationships between bird functional group richness or abundance and time since fire were consistent with predictions based on known time‐since‐fire‐associated changes in habitat features putatively important for these bird groups. Consequently, we argue that the bird community is responding to post‐fire successional changes in habitat as per the habitat accommodation model, rather than to time since fire per se, and that our functional framework will be of value in predicting bird responses to future disturbances in this and other obligate‐seeder forest and woodland ecosystems. Most bird species and functional groups that were affected by time since fire were associated with long‐unburned woodlands. In the context of recent large, stand‐replacement wildfires that have affected a substantial proportion of obligate‐seeder eucalypt woodlands, and the multi‐century timescales over which post‐fire succession occurs, it would appear preferable from a bird conservation perspective if fires initiating loss of currently long‐unburned woodlands were minimized. Once long‐unburned woodlands are transformed by fire into recently burned woodlands, there is limited scope for alternative management interventions to accelerate the rate of habitat development after fire, or supplement the resources formerly provided to birds by long‐unburned woodlands, with the limited exception of augmenting hollow availability for key hollow‐nesting species.
Reproductive skew in cooperative breeding: Environmental variability, antagonistic selection, choice, and control
Authors: Nonacs Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA multitude of factors may determine reproductive skew among cooperative breeders. One explanation, derived from inclusive fitness theory, is that groups can partition reproduction such that subordinates do at least as well as noncooperative solitary individuals. The majority of recent data, however, fails to support this prediction; possibly because inclusive fitness models cannot easily incorporate multiple factors simultaneously to predict skew. Notable omissions are antagonistic selection (across generations, genes will be in both dominant and subordinate bodies), constraints on the number of sites suitable for successful reproduction, choice in which group an individual might join, and within‐group control or suppression of competition. All of these factors and more are explored through agent‐based evolutionary simulations. The results suggest the primary drivers for the initial evolution of cooperative breeding may be a combination of limited suitable sites, choice across those sites, and parental manipulation of offspring into helping roles. Antagonistic selection may be important when subordinates are more frequent than dominants. Kinship matters, but its main effect may be in offspring being available for manipulation while unrelated individuals are not. The greater flexibility of evolutionary simulations allows the incorporation of species‐specific life histories and ecological constraints to better predict sociobiology.
Framework for using downscaled climate model projections in ecological experiments to quantify plant and soil responses
Authors: Owen Rachel K. , Webb Elisabeth B. , Goyne Keith W. , Svoma Bohumil M. , Gautam Sagar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSoil and plant responses to climate change can be quantified in controlled settings. However, the complexity of climate projections often leads researchers to evaluate ecosystem response based on general trends, rather than specific climate model outputs. Climate projections capture spatial and temporal climate extremes and variability that are lost when using mean climate trends. In addition, application of climate projections in experimental settings remains limited. Our objective was to develop a framework to incorporate statistically downscaled climate model projections into the design of temperature and precipitation treatments for ecological experiments. To demonstrate the utility of experimental treatments derived from climate projections, we used wetlands in the Great Plains as a model ecosystem for evaluating plant and soil responses. Spatial and temporal projections were selected to capture variability and intensity of projected future conditions for exemplary purposes. To illustrate climate projection application for ecological experiments, we developed temperature and precipitation treatments based on moderate‐emissions scenario climate outputs (i.e.,RCP4.5–650 ppmCO2equivalent). Our temperature treatments captured weekly trends that represented cool, average, and warm temperature predictions, and our daily precipitation treatments mimicked various seasonal precipitation trends and extreme events projected for the late 21st century. Treatments were applied to two short‐term controlled experiments evaluating (1) plant germination (temperature treatment applied in growth chamber) and (2) soil nitrogen cycling (precipitation treatment applied in greenhouse) responses to projected future conditions in the Great Plains. Our approach provides flexibility for selecting appropriate and precise climate model outputs to design experimental treatments. Using these techniques, ecologists can better incorporate variation in climate model projections for experimentally evaluating ecosystem responses to future climate conditions, reduce uncertainty in predictive ecological models, and apply predicted outcomes when making management and policy decisions.
Tri‐trophic interactions mediate the spread of a vector‐borne plant pathogen
Authors: Clark Robert E. , Basu Saumik , Lee Benjamin W. , Crowder David W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany insect herbivores are vectors that transmit plant pathogens as they forage. Within food webs, vectors interact with a range of host plants, other herbivores, and predators. Yet, few studies have examined how tri‐trophic interactions involving vectors affect the spread of pathogens. Here we assessed effects of food web structure on aphid vectors and the prevalence of an aphid‐borne persistent pathogen (Pea enation mosaic virus, PEMV) in pea plants. We experimentally manipulated ladybird predators, alternative host plants, and non‐vector herbivores and assessed responses of pea aphids and PEMV using structural equation models. We show that variation in bottom‐up, top‐down, and horizontal interactions mediated PEMV prevalence. Predators reduced PEMV prevalence by consuming aphids, but an alternative host plant (vetch) had the opposite effect by promoting aphid movement and abundance. Non‐vector herbivores (pea leaf weevil) increased PEMV susceptibility in peas. In turn, weevils offset the positive effects of predators on PEMV, but increased the negative effects of vetch. Our results show that tri‐trophic interactions within insect and plant food webs can mediate vector biology with synergistic and opposing effects on pathogens. Continuing to assess how community‐wide interactions affect vectors will aid in our understanding of vector‐borne pathosystems.
Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the early Carboniferous volcanic rocks in West Junggar, NW China
Authors: Weng Kai , Ma Zhongping , Cao Kai , Dong Yunpeng , Chen Bo , Zhao Xiaojian 
Published: September 2019

Carboniferous magmatism in the Darbut region is critical for understanding the evolutionary history of the accretionary orogenesis of the West Junggar area in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. In this paper, zircon U–Pb geochronological, whole‐rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic analyses of the basalts, basaltic andesite, and dacite from the Carboniferous Tailegula Formation, Darbut region, have been performed. The magmatic zircons from basalt, basaltic andesite, and dacite yield concordia U–Pb isotope ages of 344 ± 4, 347 ± 3, and 340 ± 5 Ma, respectively, which are interpreted as the crystallization ages of these rocks. The basalts and basaltic andesite are characterized by an alkali composition; high Nb/Yb, Th/Yb, Ta/Yb, La/Sm, and Sm/Yb trace element ratios and Pb isotopic ratios; moderate (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios; low (143Nb/144Nb)i ratios; and positive εNd(t) (+0.66 − +4.73) and εHf(t) (+1.7 − +15.2) values. These characteristics indicate that the magmas were derived from mixed mantle sources, that is, enriched mantle sources and high U/Pb ratio mantle (HIMU) component sources with ≤10% partial melting of garnet and spinel lherzolite. The samples display pronounced light rare earth elements (LREEs) and incompatible element enrichment patterns with positive Nb–Ta anomalies and a high Pb content and Nb/La ratios but low (Th/Nb)N ratios and a lower degree of partial melting, implying that these rocks were formed in a continental extensional setting. Based on our results and that of previous studies, we conclude that the early Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the Darbut region formed by mantle plume or regional‐scale mantle upwelling in a continental extensional setting after closure of the Junggar Ocean.
Metamorphic evolution and tectonic significance of ultrahigh‐temperature mafic granulites in the southern part of the Shiguai area, Daqingshan, China
Authors: Yang Yan , Liang Chenyue , Zheng Changqing , Zhang Jinrui , Xu Xuechun , Guo Tengda , Zhou Xiao , Hu Pengyue , Han Xiaomeng , Hao Yujie 
Published: September 2019

Ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) mafic granulites in the southern part of the Shiguai area in Daqingshan, China, crop out within the Shanheyuan Gneiss of the Khondalite Belt (KB), a Paleoproterozoic tectonic belt in the Western Block of the North China Craton (NCC). The UHT mafic granulites occur within hypersthene‐bearing dioritic–granitic gneiss as irregular lenses and deformed dike swarms. Four metamorphic generation assemblages (M1–M4) are recognized in the studied samples. M1 is defined by the enclosed orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene within the “red eye” corona of the garnet, representing the prograde metamorphic stage. M2 (UHT granulite‐facies) is marked by the appearance of “red eye” corona of the garnet, with mineral assemblages of grt–cpx–opx–pl–ilm–q. M3 is defined by spinel‐rich symplectites between garnet and orthopyroxene, including grt–opx–pl–spl–mt–ilm. M4 (amphibolite facies) is featured by the development of amphibole. Phase equilibrium modelling and some critical thermobarometers are combined to constrain the P–T evolution of the studied samples. The P–T conditions for the M1–M4 are respectively estimated at ~8 kbar/~771–852°C, ~9.4–10.0 kbar/~930–965°C, ~5.0–5.4 kbar/~865–910°C, ~5.0–5.2 kbar/~675–682°C, which define a clockwise P–T path, involving near‐isothermal decompression following the peak metamorphism. The P–T path indicates that the rocks underwent a sequence of tectonothermal processes that started with crustal thickening (M1–M2), followed by rapid crustal uplift (M3) and cooling (M4). This process is inferred that the metamorphism of the UHT mafic granulites was associated with rapid exhumation and uplift that followed the continent–continent collision and amalgamation of the Yinshan and Ordos blocks. This amalgamation formed the Paleoproterozoic KB in the Western Block of the NCC.
Acceptability and perceived feasibility of strategies to increase public transport use for physical activity gain – A mixed methods study
Authors: Sharman Melanie J. , Lyth Anna , Jose Kim A. , Ragaini Bruna Silva , Blizzard Leigh , Johnston Fay H. , Peterson Corey , Palmer Andrew J. , Cleland Verity J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIssue addressedPublic transport (PT) users typically accumulate more physical activity (PA) than motor vehicle users. This mixed methods study aimed to determine acceptability and perceived effectiveness of strategies to increase bus use for PA gain in a regional Australian setting.MethodsIn a 2017 online survey, Tasmanian adults (n = 1091) rated the likelihood of increasing their bus use according to ten hypothetical strategies (fare‐, incentives‐, information‐ or infrastructure‐based). Three focus groups and five interviews (n = 31) included infrequent bus users from the survey to determine reasons for strategy preferences and potential impact on PA.ResultsThe top three strategies in the survey, with supporting rationale from qualitative data, were: provision of real‐time bus information (“…because I can better plan…”); bus‐only lanes (“…it just speeds the whole thing up…”) and employee incentives/rewards for example bus fare credits (“…it really comes down to money…”). Full‐time students favoured cost‐saving strategies most and residents in outer suburbs favoured infrastructure‐based strategies most. Qualitative data indicated that potential for enhanced certainty, efficiency or cost‐savings drove strategy preferences and some strategies may lead to PA gain (eg through the location of Park and Ride facilities).ConclusionsReal‐time information, bus‐only lanes and employee incentives/rewards appear most promising for increasing bus use in this population, but tailoring strategies may be required. Discrete PT enhancement strategies may result in PA gain.So what?Increasing PA through transport behaviour has been underexplored. The potential for PA gain through greater PT use and discrete PT use enhancement strategies is an important public health consideration.