bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas in Tanzania: Epidemiology and Clinical Features
Authors: Siwillis E. Mithe , Dharse Nazima J. , Scanlan Trish , Ngoma Mamsau , Abraham Zephania Saitabau , Kahiu Josephine W.N. , Million Lynn 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE Pediatric sarcomas represent an important group of childhood tumors that require treatment at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), the largest pediatric oncology center in Tanzania. Treatment is often adapted from established childhood protocols validated in clinical trials from the United States and the United Kingdom. There are no studies describing the types of pediatric sarcomas most commonly seen in Tanzania to understand similarities and disparities with other countries and which sarcomas to prioritize in adapting treatment protocols. The objective of this study was to establish a baseline of the epidemiologic and clinical features of pediatric sarcomas diagnosed at MNH. METHODS Information was collected on clinical and tumor features of all children seen at MNH pediatric oncology unit between 2011 and 2016 with a confirmed histologic diagnosis of either bone or soft tissue sarcoma (STS). RESULTS A total of 135 cases were analyzed; 89 (66%) were STS and 46 (34%) were bone sarcomas. There was a slight female predominance (n = 69; 51%), and the mean age (SD) of patients was 6.3 (5.1) years. Greater than 90% (n = 123) of the cases presented with a painless swelling. The commonest STS, accounting for almost three-fourths of the cases (n = 66) was rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), with embryonal subtype being the most common RMS (n = 49; 74%). Osteosarcoma was the most common bone sarcoma, accounting for greater than 80% (n = 40) of the cases. Ewing sarcoma accounted for less than 15% (n = 6). Most of the patients presented with stage IV disease (n = 57; 87%) and lung was the commonest metastatic site. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this report is the first study documenting the epidemiologic and clinical features of pediatric sarcomas in a modern Tanzanian pediatric hospital. Embryonal RMS and osteosarcomas should be prioritized for adapting treatment protocols from other countries.
Individualized Screening Trial of Innovative Glioblastoma Therapy (INSIGhT): A Bayesian Adaptive Platform Trial to Develop Precision Medicines for Patients With Glioblastoma
Authors: Alexander Brian M. , Trippa Lorenzo , Gaffey Sarah , Arrillaga-Romany Isabel C. , Lee Eudocia Q. , Rinne Mikael L. , Ahluwalia Manmeet S. , Colman Howard , Fell Geoffrey , Galanis Evanthia , de Groot John , Drappatz Jan , Lassman Andrew B. , Meredith David M. , Nabors L. Burt , Santagata Sandro , Schiff David , Welch Mary R. , Ligon Keith L. , Wen Patrick Y. 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE
Adequately prioritizing the numerous therapies and biomarkers available in late-stage testing for patients with glioblastoma (GBM) requires an efficient clinical testing platform. We developed and implemented INSIGhT (Individualized Screening Trial of Innovative Glioblastoma Therapy) as a novel adaptive platform trial (APT) to develop precision medicine approaches in GBM.

METHODS

INSIGhT compares experimental arms with a common control of standard concurrent temozolomide and radiation therapy followed by adjuvant temozolomide. The primary end point is overall survival. Patients with newly diagnosed unmethylated GBM who are
IDH
R132H mutation negative and with genomic data available for biomarker grouping are eligible. At the initiation of INSIGhT, three experimental arms (neratinib, abemaciclib, and CC-115), each with a proposed genomic biomarker, are tested simultaneously. Initial randomization is equal across arms. As the trial progresses, randomization probabilities adapt on the basis of accumulating results using Bayesian estimation of the biomarker-specific probability of treatment impact on progression-free survival. Treatment arms may drop because of low probability of treatment impact on overall survival, and new arms may be added. Detailed information on the statistical model and randomization algorithm is provided to stimulate discussion on trial design choices more generally and provide an example for other investigators developing APTs.

CONCLUSION
INSIGhT (NCT02977780) is an ongoing novel biomarker-based, Bayesian APT for patients with newly diagnosed unmethylated GBM. Our goal is to dramatically shorten trial execution timelines while increasing scientific power of results and biomarker discovery using adaptive randomization. We anticipate that trial execution efficiency will also be improved by using the APT format, which allows for the collaborative addition of new experimental arms while retaining the overall trial structure.
Expert quotes and exaggeration in health news: a retrospective quantitative content analysis
Authors: Bossema Francien G. , Burger Peter , Bratton Luke , Challenger Aimée , Adams Rachel C. , Sumner Petroc , Schat Joop , Numans Mattijs E. , Smeets Ionica 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThis research is an investigation into the role of expert quotes in health news, specifically whether news articles containing a quote from an independent expert are less often exaggerated than articles without such a quote.MethodsRetrospective quantitative content analysis of journal articles, press releases, and associated news articles was performed. The investigated sample are press releases on peer-reviewed health research and the associated research articles and news stories. Our sample consisted of 462 press releases and 668 news articles from the UK (2011) and 129 press releases and 185 news articles from The Netherlands (2015). We hand-coded all journal articles, press releases and news articles for correlational claims, using a well-tested codebook. The main outcome measures are types of sources that were quoted and exaggeration of correlational claims. We used counts, 2x2 tables and odds ratios to assess the relationship between presence of quotes and exaggeration of the causal claim.ResultsOverall, 99.1% of the UK press releases and 84.5% of the Dutch press releases contain at least one quote. For the associated news articles these percentages are: 88.6% in the UK and 69.7% in the Netherlands. Authors of the study are most often quoted and only 7.5% of UK and 7.0% of Dutch news articles contained a new quote by an expert source, i.e. one not provided by the press release. The relative odds that an article without an external expert quote contains an exaggeration of causality is 2.6.ConclusionsThe number of articles containing a quote from an independent expert is low, but articles that cite an external expert do contain less exaggeration.
Frequently Hospitalized Patients' Perceptions of Factors Contributing to High Hospital Use
Authors: O'Leary Kevin J , Chapman Margaret M , Foster Shandu , O'Hara Lyndsey , Henschen Bruce L , Cameron Kenzie A 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDA small proportion of patients accounts for a large proportion of hospitalizations.OBJECTIVETo obtain patients' perspectives of factors associated with the onset and continuation of high hospital use.DESIGNQualitative research study where a research coordinator conducted one‐on‐one semi‐structured interviews. A team of researchers performed inductive coding and analysis.SETTINGA single urban academic hospital.PARTICIPANTSPatients with two unplanned 30‐day readmissions within 12 months and one or more of the following: ≥1 readmission in the last six months, a referral from a clinician, or ≥3 observation visits.RESULTSOverall, 26 participants completed the interviews. Four main themes emerged. First, major medical problems were universal, but the onset of frequent hospital use varied. Second, participants perceived fluctuations in their course to be related to psychological, social, and economic factors. Social support was perceived as helpful and participants benefited when providing social support to others. Third, episodes of illness varied in onset and generally seemed uncontrollable and often unpredictable to the participants. Fourth, participants strongly desired to avoid hospitalization and typically sought care only after self‐management failed.CONCLUSIONSEmergent themes pointed to factors which influence patients' onset of high hospital use, fluctuations in their illness over time, and triggers to seek care during an episode of illness. These findings enable patients' perspectives to be incorporated into the design of programs serving similar populations of frequently hospitalized patients.
La relación entre las políticas de inversión extranjera en Colombia y los acuerdos internacionales de inversión
Authors: García Matamoros Laura Victoria 
Published: March 2019

El artículo introduce algunas reflexiones sobre las implicaciones de los acuerdos de protección y promoción de las inversiones (appi) y de los capítulos de inversión en los tratados de libre comercio (tlc) para países del nivel de desarrollo de Colombia, y, en consecuencia, de la importancia de contar con políticas claras en materia de inversión extranjera y con un modelo robusto de medición de beneficios en términos de desarrollo y de riesgos en cuanto a la limitación a su capacidad regulatoria y su eventual responsabilidad internacional por el incumplimiento de las obligaciones adquiridas mediante estos acuerdos. Para ello refiere el escrito algunos estándares de protección particularmente sensibles y, a partir de allí, aporta un estudio de la evolución de la política interna de inversión colombiana, segmentada por los períodos gubernamentales, partiendo de lo incluido en los planes nacionales de desarrollo y en los documentos Conpes, así como en modelos de tratados diseñados en los distintos gobiernos, en aras de identificar si Colombia, en lo que llevamos de este siglo, ha contado con políticas estructuradas que orienten los procesos de negociación y conclusión de tratados que correspondan a los modelos propuestos y a los intereses del Estado. Lo anterior justificado en que Colombia en los últimos dos años se ha visto expuesta a importantes disputas en materia de inversión extranjera, varias de las cuales ya se encuentran materializadas en procesos ante el ciadi.
Performance Analysis of Overtaking Maneuvers at Bus Stops with Tandem Berths
Authors: Bian Bomin , Pinedo Michael , Zhu Ning , Ma Shoufeng 
Published: March 2019

Bus queues are common at bus stops and may cause significant delays. Overtaking is a standard maneuver used by buses at curbside stops. In general, there are two kinds of overtaking maneuvers, namely overtaking in and overtaking out. When overtaking is allowed, the analysis of the bus queues becomes more difficult because such maneuvers violate the first-in, first-out rule and affect the capacity of the bus stop as well as the average waiting delay. It is important to understand the effects that overtaking maneuvers have on the operations at bus stops. In our study, we consider four different bus overtaking rules at curbside bus stops and analyze four associated queuing models with finite tandem berths. To be more specific, low, moderate, and high bus frequencies are analyzed assuming exponentially distributed dwell times. Analytic expressions for the expected average waiting delays are developed. Further, a general queueing model with overtaking maneuvers occurring at random is presented. Through simulation, the accuracy of the models and the effects of the coefficient of variation of the dwell times on waiting delays are examined. Theoretical analyses as well as simulation results show the positive effects of overtaking maneuvers on the bus stop capacity and on expected average delays at curbside stops when dwell times are varied. The comparison of different overtaking maneuvers reveals performance differences among the various rules and shows why buses should rather be encouraged to overtake when departing a stop than when entering it. In addition, we discuss some practical factors that may impede the implementation of overtaking. Some managerial insights are obtained, and our formulations and results may help with the assignments of bus lines to bus stops and bus frequency-setting problems. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0841 .
A New Algorithm for Achieving Proportionality in User Equilibrium Traffic Assignment
Authors: Xie Jun , Nie Yu (Marco) 
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes a novel algorithm to determine the path flow solution that satisfies the proportionality condition from a given origin-based user equilibrium (UE) link flow solution. The algorithm iteratively refines the origin-based bush representation of the UE solution through constructing a list of “node-based arrival bushes” and solving the entropy maximization subproblems defined on them. Thanks to the special structure of bushes, these subproblems can be solved efficiently. The proposed algorithm thus obviates the known hurdles to efficient implementation, such as enumerating all UE paths or collecting a set of paired alternative segments to cover them. We prove that the algorithm ensures convergence to a solution that perfectly satisfies the proportionality condition in general networks. Numerical experiments indicate that the proposed algorithm converges much faster than the known alternative, with a three- to eightfold speed-up on large networks. The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0845 .
Plaster, splint, brace, tape or functional mobilization after first-time patellar dislocation: what’s the evidence?
Authors: Vermeulen Daan , van der Valk Mara Rosa , Kaas Laurens 
Published: March 2019

With an incidence of 5.8 per 100,000 per year, patellar dislocations are commonly seen in the emergency department. Surprisingly, there are only a few studies available that focus on the results of the different non-surgical treatment options after first-time patellar dislocation. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the most recent and relevant studies on the rationales and results of the non-surgical treatment for first-time patellar dislocation. Patellar instability mainly affects young and active patients, with a peak incidence of 29 per 100 000 per year in adolescents. The medial patellofemoral ligament, a main passive restraint for lateral translation of the patella, is torn in lateral patellofemoral dislocations. Treatment of first-time patellar dislocation can be either conservative or surgical. There are two options in conservative management of first-time patellar dislocation: immobilization using a cylinder cast or removable splint, or, second, functional mobilization after applying a brace or patellar tape. The current available literature of conservative treatment after a first-time patellar dislocation is little and of low quality of evidence. Conclusions should be drawn with care, new research focussing on non-surgical treatment is therefore strongly needed. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:110-114. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180016
ADAPTATION POTENTIAL OF ETHNIC DIASPORAS IN BORDER REGIONS OF RUSSIA
Authors: Горбунова Анастасия Андреевна , Максимов Максим Борисович 
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of migration processes in six border regions of Russia: the Altai Territory, the Amur Region, the Astrakhan Region, the Volgograd Region, the Republic of Tyva, and the Khabarovsk Region. Based on expert assessments, data on the state of the migration situation and the effects of migration in certain regions of the country was obtained, the main directions of adaptation and integration of migrants, the adaptation potential of modern diasporas, and regional specifics of migration processes were identified. The results of the study indicate the relevance of timely implementation of measures aimed at promoting social adaptation and integration of migrants into the host society. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the obtained data for effective management in the field of migration policy at the regional level.border regions.
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CHALLENGES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY IN EXPERT ASSESSMENTS
Authors: Уханова Юлия Викторовна 
Published: March 2019

In the context of global changes in the world community there are new threats and challenges to national security, which actualizes the study of the designated issues in the socio-political and scientific circles. National security ensures not only the protection of national interests, but also promotes necessary conditions for the development of individuals, society and State. The aim of the article is to identify the most pressing external and internal challenges of the Russian society. The empirical base of the research included the materials of the expert survey conducted by the Vologda scientific center of RAS in February 2018. Methodically work draws on the tools of the expert scenario prognostic monitoring of the «Russia 2020. Transition strategy», carried outby the Institute of sociology of RAS jointly with ZIRCON research group in July — October 2015. This made it possible to compare expert assessments in the whole country and the region. It has been revealed that among the most important internal challenges of the country’s development, experts distinguish social inequality, the crisis of the health care system, social security, education, the decline in the level of human capital. The most acute external threats to the security of Russian society, according to experts, are the dependence of the Russian budget on oil and gas prices; Russia’s involvement in the long-term conflict in Ukraine; as well as in a new arms race.
Determinant of life insurance demand in Ethiopia
Authors: Meko Mohammed , Lemie Kenenisa , Worku Abel 
Published: March 2019

Life Insurance plays an important role to insure against lifetime uncertainty resulting for the mortality risk of individual. Even though the performance of insurance industry contributes to smooth operation of the nationâ€™s economy, the industry in general and life insurance in particular is at its low level of development in Ethiopian context. This study therefore, is aimed at investigating the determinants of life insurance demand in Ethiopia. The study used balanced panel data model to examine the determinants of life insurance demand usingdata collected from four insurance companies for sixteen years, from 2001-2016. Random effect model was usedto analyze the data using STATA version 13 software. The study used life insurance density as dependent variable and seven independent variables that are income, inflation, real interest rate, life expectance, age dependence ratio, price of insurance and urbanization. The regression result show that real interest rate, life expectancies, age dependency ratio, urbanizationÂ and inflation show positive and significant effect at 1% and 5% significance level on life insurance demand in Ethiopia, whereas GDP per capita and price of insurance has insignificant effectÂ on life insurance demand in Ethiopia.Urbanization is the most important factor that influences demand for life insurance followed by life expectance, age dependency ratio and Inflation. Real interest rate is the least important factor in influence demand for life insurance. The concerned insurance companies are recommended to consider these factors in marketing their life insurance products.
An empirical evidence of ethical climate index in rural banks from Board of Directors Perspective
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Pradesa Hafid Aditya 
Published: March 2019

The existence of the common image that the management of the rural bank isÂ not yet professional because of some unethical practices are still happening. Rural bank that is well known for Indonesian people since its target markets are mostly in the rural area. The aim of the study is to investigate what are the most important factors that are reflecting ethical climate in rural banks. The studyinvolves 153Â directors of rural banks in Indonesia as respondents. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess individual parameters in the model, feasibility and the statistical significance of the estimates parameter. The findings show that that ethical climate index is most reflected by collective moral sensitivity, but in contrary boards of directors in rural banks also recognize the lowest perception in this dimension. This would sense an urgency to fostering moral sensitivity among all hierarchies, from top management to the lowest levels in the rural banking.
À la recherche d’une muséographie internationale dans une nation globale
Authors: Nah Ilmin 
Published: March 2019

Au cours des trois dernières décennies qui les ont vus se consolider, les musées du monde entier n’ont eu de cesse de se penser par rapport à des dynamiques internationales de plus en plus complexes, qui contribuent en partie à les renouveler et les redéfinir. En Corée du Sud, l’ouverture des musées sur leur environnement international dès les années 1980 − parallèlement à la tenue des Jeux asiatiques (1986) et olympiques (1988) − a été un puissant facteur de transformation du paysage muséal. Depuis lors, les musées coréens, dont les activités et programmations étaient jusqu’ici essentiellement construites sur la base des traditions et des structures nationales, se sont progressivement mis à se renouveler et à se lancer dans une série de projets d’internationalisation, adoptant les normes « internationales » des musées. Alors que ce phénomène s’est intensifié avec le temps via un processus de mondialisation croissante, néanmoins, on ne sait finalement que peu de choses sur l’histoire et la politique des musées sud-coréens en relation avec le mouvement d’internationalisation du pays, pas plus qu’au sein de la rhétorique nationale. C’est donc sur cette question que se focalisera cet article. Centré sur le projet de construction du nouveau Musée national d’art contemporain de Corée du Sud dans la ville de Gwacheon, en banlieue sud de Séoul, dans les années 1980, l’article mettra en lumière l’interaction dynamique entre le national et l’international ayant présidé à ce projet, participant ainsi au processus symbolique d’une reconstruction imaginaire de la nation.
Maurice Godelier – Suivre Jésus et faire du business, une petite société tribale dans la mondialisation
Authors: Premat Christophe 
Published: March 2019

« [Les humains] produisent de nouvelles formes d’existence sociale, donc de sociétés, pour continuer à vivre. Et en transformant leurs manières de vivre, ils transforment leurs manières de penser et d’agir, donc leur culture », écrivait Maurice Godelier (2009 : 10) lorsqu’il analysait les relations entre communauté, société, culture et identité.
The changing face of scientific practice – seeing things virtually
Authors: Pompe-Alama Ulrike Susanne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to summarize and critically evaluate the epistemological and pragmatic questions with regard to computer simulations as a new technological-scientific format as put forth in current philosophical debates. Computer simulation practices are situated in the broader context of model-building practices and experimentation; the scope and limits of knowledge generated by computer simulations are considered.
Monopoly, Heterogeneous Beliefs and Imperfect Information: The Insurance Market
Authors: Ogaku Michiko 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper questions how heterogeneity of beliefs about the probability of loss affects equilibrium insurance contracts, firm behavior, and welfare focusing especially on the effect of optimism when a monotonicity property, which is a major assumption of prior work, is violated. This paper shows that optimistic individuals could result in insurance driving out individuals who exert effort, if the fraction of such optimistic individuals is significantly large. In addition, this paper shows that optimism could have negative effects on profits of the firm even though both parties realize the asymmetry in beliefs. These results are not only consistent with empirical evidence from several insurance markets on correlation of risk and coverage, but also simply align themselves with empirical evidence on the tendencies of people to be unrealistically optimistic.