bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premature placental aging in term small‐for‐gestational‐age and growth‐restricted fetuses
Authors: Paules C. , Dantas A. P. , Miranda J. , Crovetto F. , Eixarch E. , Rodriguez‐Sureda V. , Dominguez C. , Casu G. , Rovira C. , Nadal A. , Crispi F. , Gratacós E. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo perform a comprehensive assessment of the placental aging process in small term fetuses classified as being small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) or having fetal growth restriction (FGR) through analysis of senescence and apoptosis markers.MethodsThis was a prospective nested case–control study of singleton pregnancies delivered at term, including 21 control pregnancies with normally grown fetuses and 36 with a small fetus classified as SGA (birth weight between the 3rd and 9th percentiles and normal fetoplacental Doppler; n = 18) or FGR (birth weight < 3rd percentile and/or abnormal cerebroplacental ratio and/or uterine artery Doppler; n = 18). Telomerase activity, telomere length (quantified by comparing the amount of amplification product for the telomere sequence (T) to that of a single copy of the gene 36B4 (S)) and RNA expression of senescence (Sirtuins 1, 3 and 6) and apoptosis (p53, p21, BAX and Caspases 3 and 9) markers (analyzed using the 2–ΔΔCt method) were determined in placental samples collected at birth and compared between the three groups.ResultsCompared to pregnancies with a normally grown fetus, both SGA and FGR pregnancies presented signs of accelerated placental aging, including lower telomerase activity (mean ± SD, 12.8 ± 6.6% in controls vs 7.98 ± 4.2% in SGA vs 7.79 ± 4.6% in FGR; P = 0.008), shorter telomeres (mean ± SD T/S ratio, 1.20 ± 0.6 in controls vs 1.08 ± 0.9 in SGA vs 0.66 ± 0.5 in FGR; P = 0.047) and reduced Sirtuin‐1 RNA expression (mean ± SD 2–ΔΔCt, 1.55 ± 0.8 in controls vs 0.91 ± 0.8 in SGA vs 0.63 ± 0.5 in FGR; P = 0.001) together with increased p53 RNA expression (median (interquartile range) 2–ΔΔCt, 1.07 (0.3–3.3) in controls vs 5.39 (0.6–15) in SGA vs 3.75 (0.9–7.8) in FGR; P = 0.040). FGR cases presented signs of apoptosis, with increased Caspase‐3 RNA levels (median (interquartile range) 2–ΔΔCt, 0.94 (0.7–1.7) in controls vs 3.98 (0.9–31) in FGR; P = 0.031) and Caspase‐9 RNA levels (median (interquartile range) 2–ΔΔCt, 1.21 (0.6–4.0) in controls vs 3.87 (1.5–9.0) in FGR; P = 0.037) compared with controls. In addition, Sirtuin‐1 RNA expression, telomerase activity, telomere length and Caspase‐3 activity showed significant linear trends across groups as severity of the condition increased.ConclusionsAccelerated placental aging was observed in both clinical forms of late‐onset fetal smallness (SGA and FGR), supporting a common pathophysiology and challenging the concept of SGA fetuses being constitutionally small. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Large Eddy Simulations for Indirect Combustion Noise Assessment in a Nozzle Guide Vane Passage
Authors: Ceci Alessandro , Gojon Romain , Mihaescu Mihai 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The combustion noise in aero-engines is known to originate from two different sources. First, the unsteady heat release in the combustion chamber generates the direct combustion noise. Second, hot and cold spots of air generated by the combustion process are convected and accelerated by the turbine stages and give rise to the so-called indirect combustion noise. The present work targets, by using a numerical approach, the generation mechanism of indirect combustion noise for a simplified geometry of a turbine stator passage. Periodic temperature fluctuations are imposed at the inlet, permitting to simulate hot and cold packets of air coming from the unsteady combustion. Three-dimensional Large Eddy Simulation (LES) calculations are conducted for transonic operating conditions to evaluate the blade acoustic response to the forced temperature perturbations at the inlet plane. Transonic conditions are characterized by trailing edge expansion waves and shocks. It is notably shown that their movement can be excited if disturbances with a particular frequency are injected in the domain.
Solution of combined economic and emission dispatch problem using a novel chaotic improved harmony search algorithm
Authors: Rezaie Hamid , Kazemi-Rahbar M.H. , Vahidi Behrooz , Rastegar Hasan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a new optimization technique developed based on harmony search algorithm (HSA), called chaotic improved harmony search algorithm (CIHSA). In the proposed algorithm, the original HSA is improved using several innovative modifications in the optimization procedure such as using chaotic patterns instead of uniform distribution to generate random numbers, dynamically tuning the algorithm parameters, and employing virtual harmony memories. Also, a novel type of local optimization is introduced and employed in the algorithm procedure. Applying these modifications to HSA has resulted in enhancing the robustness, accuracy and search efficiency of the algorithm, and significantly reducing the iterations number required to achieve the optimal solution. To validate the effectiveness of CIHSA, it is used to solve the combined economic emission dispatch (CEED) problem, which practically is a complex high-dimensional non-convex optimization task with several equality and inequality constraints. Six test systems having 6, 10, 13, 14, 40, and 140 generators are investigated in this study, and the valve-point loading effects, ramp rate limits and power transmission losses are also taken into account. The results obtained by CIHSA are compared with the results reported in a large number of other research works. Furthermore, the statistical data regarding the CIHSA performance in all test systems is presented. The numerical and statistical results confirm the high quality of the solutions found by CIHSA and its superiority compared to other existing techniques employed in solving CEED problems.
Highlights An innovative and strong optimization technique based on harmony search is proposed. The proposed algorithm is tested on solving economic emission dispatch problem. It has the potential to be applied to many other engineering optimization problems. Six test systems considering valve point effect and transmission losses are studied. High quality solutions are obtained and compared with a large number of other methods.
Subjectivity and Transcendence: The Primacy of Truth and Goodness in Hegel and Levinas
Authors: Clausen Anne 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Hegelian concept, with its all-encompassing power, epitomizes the kind of totality-oriented thinking that Levinas, a philosopher of genuine alterity, sharply criticizes. This paper investigates this antagonism by focusing on a notion that is pivotal for both authors, the notion of subjectivity. Hegel makes transcendence into an immanent dimension of the subject whereas Levinas conceives transcendence as the subject’s relation with radical exteriority. The decisive question is whether Levinas falls back into the failures of so-called ‘philosophies of reflection’ or whether the Hegelian dialectic of being and nothing relies on an un-condition for which it does not and indeed cannot account. The paper culminates in the thesis that Hegel and Levinas reverse the order of priority of the Good and the True. While Hegel conceives of the absolute as system of truth, for Levinas the ethical ‘failure’ of totalization constitutes a necessary condition for rationality.
Distribution of Class Numbers in Continued Fraction Families of Real Quadratic Fields
Authors: Dahl Alexander , Kala Vítězslav 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe construct a random model to study the distribution of class numbers in special families of real quadratic fields ${\open Q}(\sqrt d )$ arising from continued fractions. These families are obtained by considering continued fraction expansions of the form $\sqrt {D(n)} = [f(n),\overline {u_1,u_2, \ldots ,u_{s-1} ,2f(n)]} $ with fixed coefficients u1, …, us−1 and generalize well-known families such as Chowla's 4n2 + 1, for which analogous results were recently proved by Dahl and Lamzouri [‘The distribution of class numbers in a special family of real quadratic fields’, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. (2018), 6331–6356].
Uptake of NHS health check: issues in monitoring
Authors: Riley Victoria A. , Gidlow Christopher , Ellis Naomi J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Within the NHS health check (NHSHC) programme, there is evidence of marked inconsistencies and challenges in practice-level self-reporting of uptake. Consequently, we explored the perceptions of those involved in commissioning of NHSHC to better understand the implications for local and national monitoring and evaluation of programme uptake. Semi-structured, one-to-one, telephone interviews (n=15) were conducted with NHSHC commissioners and leads, and were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. NHSHC data were often collected from practices using online extraction systems but many still relied on self-reported data. Performance targets and indicators used to monitor and feedback to general practices varied between localities. Participants reported a number of issues when collecting and reporting data for NHSHC, namely because of opportunistic checks. Owing to the perceived inaccuracies in reporting, there was concern about the credibility and relevance of national uptake figures. The general practice extraction service will be important to fully understand uptake of NHSHC.
Medical waste management improvement in community health centers: an interventional study in Iran
Authors: Tabrizi Jafar Sadegh , Saadati Mohammad , Heydari Mahdieh , Rezapour Ramin , Zamanpour Roghaie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Aim
To improve the medical waste management (MWM) standards in Tabriz community health centers (CHCs) through clinical audit process.

Background
Management of medical waste is not only a legally necessity but also a social responsibility in health systems. Owing to the potential risks for human health and environmental impacts, MWM is a global concern.

Methods
This was an interventional research designed using clinical audit cycle that was implemented in Tabriz CHCs in 2016. MWM was assessed through observation, as well as reviewing relevant documents and interviews with waste workers in CHCs and completion of a researcher-made checklist. Intervention plans were developed and implemented based on the assessment results. To analyze the data, Excel 2016 software was used and information was reported as descriptive statistics through comparison of standards adherence before and after the interventions.

Results
Generally, 30% improvements in MWM standards adherence were experienced (45.8–75.1%) in the CHCs, after the interventions. The greatest improvement was observed in the dimensions of management and education, and separation and collection of medical waste, up to 30 and 28.5%, respectively.

Conclusions
As the results demonstrated, standards of MWM processes were improved in Tabriz CHCs, due to the intervention. Moreover, it was experienced that using systematic method, stakeholders’ participation and evidence-based planning would lead to process improvement. MWM was an ignored issue in primary care that must be more in attention.
Preference of flight morph of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for three plant legumes
Authors: Ajayi Olufunmilayo E. , Morawo Tolulope O. , Fadamiro Henry Y. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe studied host discrimination in flight morph ofCallosobruchus maculatus(F.) among the legume plants Ife-brown (IB) and black-eyed (BE) cowpea,Vigna unguiculata(L. Walp), soybean (SB), andGlycine max(L.) and analysed legume volatiles towards developing an attractant forC. maculatus. Olfactometry studies were conducted to investigate attraction of mated 3–4-day-old femaleC. maculatusto legume plants with the green pod (PGP), green pods (GP), plant with the ripened pod (PRP), ripened pod (RP), and plant without pod (PWP). We also assessed the response of beetles to phenological stages of the most attractive legume. In Y-tube bioassays,C. maculatusshowed greater attraction to individual legumes at three phenological stages: PGP (73–93%), PRP (80–100%), and RP (63–93%) compared with PWP (6–36%). In four-choice bioassays,C. maculatuspreferred IB at all stages to other legumes. SB had an insignificant attraction on the beetle. The RP of IB was the most attractive part of the plant. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses of volatiles emitted by RP of the legumes revealed a variation in the compositions of odour blends. Benzaldehyde was found in the volatiles of IB and BE with a higher emission in IB. Octanone was detected only in IB. The two compounds were undetected in SB volatiles. These results reveal that in addition to infesting cowpea plants at RP stage as reported in previous studies,C. maculatuscould also infest cowpea plants at the GP stage.
Elevated H3K79 homocysteinylation causes abnormal gene expression during neural development and subsequent neural tube defects
Authors: Zhang Qin , Bai Baoling , Mei Xinyu , Wan Chunlei , Cao Haiyan , Dan Li  , Wang Shan , Zhang Min , Wang Zhigang , Wu Jianxin , Wang Hongyan , Huo Junsheng , Ding Gangqiang , Zhao Jianyuan , Xie Qiu , Wang Li , Qiu Zhiyong , Zhao Shiming , Zhang Ting 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNeural tube defects (NTDs) are serious congenital malformations. Excessive maternal homocysteine (Hcy) increases the risk of NTDs, while its mechanism remains elusive. Here we report the role of histone homocysteinylation in neural tube closure (NTC). A total of 39 histone homocysteinylation sites are identified in samples from human embryonic brain tissue using mass spectrometry. Elevated levels of histone KHcy and H3K79Hcy are detected at increased cellular Hcy levels in human fetal brains. Using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq assays, we demonstrate that an increase in H3K79Hcy level down-regulates the expression of selected NTC-related genes including Cecr2, Smarca4, and Dnmt3b. In human NTDs brain tissues, decrease in expression of CECR2, SMARCA4, and DNMT3B is also detected along with high levels of Hcy and H3K79Hcy. Our results suggest that higher levels of Hcy contribute to the onset of NTDs through up-regulation of histone H3K79Hcy, leading to abnormal expressions of selected NTC-related genes.
Active site localization of methane oxidation on Pt nanocrystals
Authors: Kim Dongjin , Chung Myungwoo , Carnis Jerome , Kim Sungwon , Yun Kyuseok , Kang Jinback , Cha Wonsuk , Cherukara Mathew J. , Maxey Evan , Harder Ross , Sasikumar Kiran , K. R. S. Sankaranarayanan Subramanian , Zozulya Alexey , Sprung Michael , Riu Dohhyung , Kim Hyunjung 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh catalytic efficiency in metal nanocatalysts is attributed to large surface area to volume ratios and an abundance of under-coordinated atoms that can decrease kinetic barriers. Although overall shape or size changes of nanocatalysts have been observed as a result of catalytic processes, structural changes at low-coordination sites such as edges, remain poorly understood. Here, we report high-lattice distortion at edges of Pt nanocrystals during heterogeneous catalytic methane oxidation based on in situ 3D Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging. We directly observe contraction at edges owing to adsorption of oxygen. This strain increases during methane oxidation and it returns to the original state after completing the reaction process. The results are in good agreement with finite element models that incorporate forces, as determined by reactive molecular dynamics simulations. Reaction mechanisms obtained from in situ strain imaging thus provide important insights for improving catalysts and designing future nanostructured catalytic materials.
The cristae modulator Optic atrophy 1 requires mitochondrial ATP synthase oligomers to safeguard mitochondrial function
Authors: Quintana-Cabrera Rubén , Quirin Charlotte , Glytsou Christina , Corrado Mauro , Urbani Andrea , Pellattiero Anna , Calvo Enrique , Vázquez Jesús , Enríquez José Antonio , Gerle Christoph , Soriano María Eugenia , Bernardi Paolo , Scorrano Luca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIt is unclear how the mitochondrial fusion protein Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), which inhibits cristae remodeling, protects from mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we identify the mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase as the effector of OPA1 in mitochondrial protection. In OPA1 overexpressing cells, the loss of proton electrochemical gradient caused by respiratory chain complex III inhibition is blunted and this protection is abolished by the ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin. Mechanistically, OPA1 and ATP synthase can interact, but recombinant OPA1 fails to promote oligomerization of purified ATP synthase reconstituted in liposomes, suggesting that OPA1 favors ATP synthase oligomerization and reversal activity by modulating cristae shape. When ATP synthase oligomers are genetically destabilized by silencing the key dimerization subunit e, OPA1 is no longer able to preserve mitochondrial function and cell viability upon complex III inhibition. Thus, OPA1 protects mitochondria from respiratory chain inhibition by stabilizing cristae shape and favoring ATP synthase oligomerization.
Observation of topologically protected states at crystalline phase boundaries in single-layer WSe2
Authors: Ugeda Miguel M. , Pulkin Artem , Tang Shujie , Ryu Hyejin , Wu Quansheng , Zhang Yi , Wong Dillon , Pedramrazi Zahra , Martín-Recio Ana , Chen Yi , Wang Feng , Shen Zhi-Xun , Mo Sung-Kwan , Yazyev Oleg V. , Crommie Michael F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenide materials are unique in the wide variety of structural and electronic phases they exhibit in the two-dimensional limit. Here we show how such polymorphic flexibility can be used to achieve topological states at highly ordered phase boundaries in a new quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI), 1T′-WSe2. We observe edge states at the crystallographically aligned interface between a quantum spin Hall insulating domain of 1T′-WSe2 and a semiconducting domain of 1H-WSe2 in contiguous single layers. The QSHI nature of single-layer 1T′-WSe2 is verified using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to determine band inversion around a 120 meV energy gap, as well as scanning tunneling spectroscopy to directly image edge-state formation. Using this edge-state geometry we confirm the predicted penetration depth of one-dimensional interface states into the two-dimensional bulk of a QSHI for a well-specified crystallographic direction. These interfaces create opportunities for testing predictions of the microscopic behavior of topologically protected boundary states.
Wheat microbiome bacteria can reduce virulence of a plant pathogenic fungus by altering histone acetylation
Authors: Chen Yun , Wang Jing , Yang Nan , Wen Ziyue , Sun Xuepeng , Chai Yunrong , Ma Zhonghua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInteractions between bacteria and fungi have great environmental, medical, and agricultural importance, but the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we study the interactions between the bacterium Pseudomonas piscium, from the wheat head microbiome, and the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. We show that a compound secreted by the bacteria (phenazine-1-carboxamide) directly affects the activity of fungal protein FgGcn5, a histone acetyltransferase of the SAGA complex. This leads to deregulation of histone acetylation at H2BK11, H3K14, H3K18, and H3K27 in F. graminearum, as well as suppression of fungal growth, virulence, and mycotoxin biosynthesis. Therefore, an antagonistic bacterium can inhibit growth and virulence of a plant pathogenic fungus by manipulating fungal histone modification.
JunB defines functional and structural integrity of the epidermo-pilosebaceous unit in the skin
Authors: Singh Karmveer , Camera Emanuela , Krug Linda , Basu Abhijit , Pandey Rajeev Kumar , Munir Saira , Wlaschek Meinhard , Kochanek Stefan , Schorpp-Kistner Marina , Picardo Mauro , Angel Peter , Niemann Catherin , Maity Pallab , Scharffetter-Kochanek Karin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTranscription factors ensure skin homeostasis via tight regulation of distinct resident stem cells. Here we report that JunB, a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family, regulates epidermal stem cells and sebaceous glands through balancing proliferation and differentiation of progenitors and by suppressing lineage infidelity. JunB deficiency in basal progenitors results in a dermatitis-like syndrome resembling seborrheic dermatitis harboring structurally and functionally impaired sebaceous glands with a globally altered lipid profile. A fate switch occurs in a subset of JunB deficient epidermal progenitors during wound healing resulting in de novo formation of sebaceous glands. Dysregulated Notch signaling is identified to be causal for this phenotype. In fact, pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling can efficiently restore the lineage drift, impaired epidermal differentiation and disrupted barrier function in JunB conditional knockout mice. These findings define an unprecedented role for JunB in epidermal-pilosebaceous stem cell homeostasis and its pathology.
Dysregulation of the NUDT7-PGAM1 axis is responsible for chondrocyte death during osteoarthritis pathogenesis
Authors: Song Jinsoo , Baek In-Jeoung , Chun Churl-Hong , Jin Eun-Jung 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease; however, its etiopathogenesis is not completely understood. Here we show a role forNUDT7in OA pathogenesis. Knockdown ofNUDT7in normal human chondrocytes results in the disruption of lipid homeostasis. Moreover,Nudt7−/−mice display significant accumulation of lipids via peroxisomal dysfunction, upregulation ofIL-1βexpression, and stimulation of apoptotic death of chondrocytes. Our genome-wide analysis reveals thatNUDT7knockout affects the glycolytic pathway, and we identifyPgam1as a significantly altered gene. Consistent with the results obtained on the suppression ofNUDT7, overexpression ofPGAM1in chondrocytes induces the accumulation of lipids, upregulation ofIL-1βexpression, and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, these negative actions ofPGAM1in maintaining cartilage homeostasis are reversed by the co-introduction ofNUDT7. Our results suggest thatNUDT7could be a potential therapeutic target for controlling cartilage-degrading disorders.
TRIM27 mediates STAT3 activation at retromer-positive structures to promote colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis
Authors: Zhang Hong-Xia , Xu Zhi-Sheng , Lin Hen , Li Mi , Xia Tian , Cui Kaisa , Wang Su-Yun , Li Youjun , Shu Hong-Bing , Wang Yan-Yi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSTAT3 is a transcription factor that plays central roles in various physiological processes and its deregulation results in serious diseases including cancer. The mechanisms on how STAT3 activity is regulated remains enigmatic. Here we identify TRIM27 as a positive regulator of II-6-induced STAT3 activation and downstream gene expression. TRIM27 localizes to retromer-positive punctate structures and serves as a critical link for recruiting gp130, JAK1, and STAT3 to and subsequent phosphorylation of STAT3 at the retromer-positive structures. Overexpression of TRIM27 promotes cancer cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in nude mice, whereas knockdown of TRIM27 has opposite effects. Deficiency of TRIM27 significantly impairs dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced STAT3 activation, inflammatory cytokine expression and colitis as well as azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer in mice. These findings reveal a retromer-dependent mechanism for regulation of STAT3 activation, inflammation, and inflammation-associated cancer development.