bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐profit organizations as a nexus between government and business: Evidence from Chinese charities
Authors: Zheng Weiting , Ni Na , Crilly Donal 
Published: September 2018

Research SummaryNon‐profit organizations in emerging markets frequently have to manage relations with governments and for‐profit firms. We advance a multistakeholder perspective and develop propositions about how the political ties of charities influence their success in raising funds from corporate donors. Evidence from 2,054 Chinese charities during 2005–2012 shows that organizational political ties, established through formal affiliation with the government, aid fundraising from corporate donors, whereas personal political ties, formed through personal political services of senior leaders of charities, have no such effect. The positive effect of government affiliation is relevant for both foreign and domestic donors, but stronger for domestic ones. These results highlight the differential impact and contingent value of political embeddedness for charities' ability to acquire resources from for‐profit business, contributing to both stakeholder theory and the political embeddedness perspective.Managerial SummaryNon‐profit organizations have to maintain productive relations with multiple stakeholders, including government and business. We focus on Chinese charities that seek to raise funds to fulfill their mission. We identify how their political relations influence the behavior of corporate donors. Evidence from 2,054 charities from 2005 to 2012 shows that political ties formed through organizational affiliation with a political body help charities attract corporate donors that seek legitimacy. In contrast, ties formed through personal connections with politicians have less influence on donors who perceive a high risk of connected insiders engaging in activities of dubious legality. The value of political ties is more pronounced for domestic corporate donors.
Surgical Burden of Musculoskeletal Conditions in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Joshipura Manjul , Gosselin Richard A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe burden of musculoskeletal conditions is growing worldwide. In low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), the burden cannot be fully estimated, due to paucity of credible data. Further, no attempt has been made so far to estimate surgical burden of musculoskeletal conditions. This is a difficult task and accurate estimation of what would constitute surgical burden out of the total musculoskeletal burden in LMIC is not possible, due to number of constraints.MethodsThis review looks at current understanding of the musculoskeletal conditions, that can be measured in LMIC and the limitations based on previous studies and past global burden of diseases estimates.ResultsAn attempt has been made to identify major conditions where a range of surgical burden can be predicted.ConclusionWe conclude that there is huge scope for improvement in the current surveillance mechanism of surgical procedures undertaken for musculoskeletal conditions in LMIC so that the surgical burden can be more accurately predicted. Unless this burden can be highlighted, the attention to these conditions in LMIC will be limited.
The Mediating Role of Sexual Behavior in Event-Level Associations Between Sexual Difficulties and Sexual Satisfaction in Newlywed Mixed-Sex Couples
Authors: Jodouin Jean-François , Bergeron Sophie , Janssen Erick 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Many sexual difficulties encountered by couples in their day-to-day lives, although of insufficient intensity and persistence to warrant a clinical diagnosis of sexual disorder, are nevertheless frequent and a source of individual and relational distress.

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the event-level associations between couples’ everyday, subclinical sexual difficulties (specifically, low subjective sexual arousal, low physiological sexual arousal, and genito-pelvic pain), the range of sexual behaviors that these couples engage in, and their sexual satisfaction.

Methods
70 Newlywed participants (35 couples, average age = 25.6 years, SD = 3.2 years; average duration of relationship = 5.4 years, SD = 3.4 years) individually completed daily diaries about sexual difficulties, range of activities performed during sex, and sexual satisfaction over the course of 5 weeks. Analyses were guided by the actor-partner interdependence model.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome was sexual satisfaction, measured at the event-level on a 5-point Likert scale using a single-item question.

Results
On days of sexual activity, men and women’s difficulties with subjective sexual arousal were associated with lower sexual satisfaction in both partners (actor and partner effects). This association was mediated by the range of couples’ sexual behaviors, such that lower subjective arousal was associated with a more restricted range of sexual activities, which in turn was associated with lower sexual satisfaction. Men’s and women’s difficulties with physiological sexual arousal, and women’s genito-pelvic pain, were each associated with their own lower sexual satisfaction. No partner effects were observed for these sexual difficulties, nor were they mediated by the range of couples’ sexual activities.

Clinical Implications
The study’s results highlight how couples’ sexual difficulties can interfere with same-day sexual satisfaction, and how for subjective sexual arousal, this interference is reflected by a more restricted range of sexual behaviors.

Strength & Limitations
Strengths of the study include the daily diary methodology, which allowed a focus on event-level sexual activities with minimal retrospective bias. Further, the dyadic analyses allowed both intra-individual and inter-individual effects to be assessed. Limitations include the lack of a more general measure of sexual desire and of a more diverse sample, in terms of age, race, and sexual orientation.

Conclusion
These findings underscore the importance of treatments that include both partners, and that target the types as well as range of sexual activities in which couples engage.
Computed tomographic morphometric analysis of lateral inclination C1 pedicle screw for atlantoaxial instability patients with a narrow C1 posterior arch
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Huan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAtlanto‐axial instability (AAI) is a congenital or developmental condition that leads to instability/subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint. This study is performed to determine anatomic feasibility of trajectory L and help select an optimal screw trajectory in treating patients with AAI with a narrow C1 posterior arch. Sixty patients who underwent cervical three dimensional‐computed tomography (3D‐CT) were chosen from the hospital's picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Aquilion Multi 64 helical CT was used to perform CT examinations and measurements on patients. Based on CT images, the trajectory L and M for each C1 pedicle were established. Posterior arch height was measured on C1 coronal image. The medullary cavity width along trajectory M was narrower than trajectory L. The medullary cavity width that was less than 3.5 mm was found in 12.5% pedicles along trajectory M and 2.5% along trajectory L. The posterior arch height along trajectory L was significantly higher than that of trajectory M. Posterior arch height that was less than 3.5 mm was found in 74.2% pedicles along trajectory M and only 16.7% along trajectory L. The pedicle length along trajectory L was significantly longer than trajectory M. Trajectory angles for C1 pedicles had an average of 9.08° ± 4.66° along trajectory L and 14.53° ± 4.03° along trajectory M. The Optimal entry point of trajectory L was 5.4 mm medial to trajectory M. Based on our results, this study suggests that C1 pedicle screw trajectory with lateral inclination yielded a good outcome in the treatment of AAI.
GDPR is here and it is time to get serious
Authors: Miglicco Gary 
Published: September 2018

It is here. May 25 of this year marked the effective date of the most comprehensive privacy regulations on the planet. But most organisations in the US and Canada are probably not compliant with the European Union's sweeping new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that has now taken effect. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is here and these tough new rules affect any company, government agency or other organisation that does business in Europe or handles the personal data of EU citizens or residents. There's no magic wand an organisation can wave to suddenly become compliant. And there's a surprising lack of awareness or concern about these regulations in the US. Gary Miglicco of PCM explains how GDPR means a dramatic change in how US companies manage their customers’ private data, and that it is only the start of a worldwide swing towards greater protection of consumers’ information.
Crypto-jacking: how cyber-criminals are exploiting the crypto-currency boom
Authors: Sigler Karl 
Published: September 2018

In a little under a decade, crypto-currency has developed from an esoteric experiment to one of the hottest topics in both the technology and finance fields. Since the emergence of Bitcoin as the first centralised crypto-currency in 2009, the industry has exploded and there are more than 1,500 different currencies now available. In a little under a decade, crypto currency has developed from an esoteric experiment to one of the hottest topics in both the technology and finance fields. Alas it has also led to crypto-jacking where a target's machine is infected with mining malware. Organisations must ensure that they are able to spot the signs and shut illegal miners down, if they don't want to suffer overtaxed networks and angry customers, explains Karl Sigler of SpiderLabs at Trustwave.
The practicalities and barriers of using TEG6s in code red traumas: an observational study in one London major trauma centre
Authors: Morton Sarah , Galea Judi , Uprichard James , Hudson Anthony 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTrauma induced coagulopathy is a disorder of the coagulation pathway that occurs following major trauma. “Code red trauma” require massive hemorrhage protocol activation. The aim was to qualitatively establish the reasons TEG is not currently utilized and the ongoing practicalities in performing a TEG sample for trauma-related massive hemorrhage.MethodsA pilot study was performed using a TEG6s machine within one central London Major Trauma Centre’s resuscitation department. Staff were asked to run a TEG sample on any “code red” patient who attended during the trial. Staff were given questionnaires both before and after the trial to assess the knowledge around TEG.ResultsA TEG sample was performed in 75% of the sixteen “code red traumas,” with one sample being unsuccessful. Only one patient had their blood component management altered due to the TEG result with only 50% of consultants and registrars surveyed feeling confident in interpreting TEG results.ConclusionTEG6s samples can be run within the resuscitation department in a “code red trauma.” However, there is a significant lack of knowledge relating to TEG within the emergency department which is likely to hinder its impact on personalized blood component management. More research is required in how to provide appropriate education in a busy setting to enable TEG to be utilized appropriately.
Canadian Assessment of Deep Brain Stimulation Access: The Canada Study
Authors: Honey C. Michael , Malhotra Armaan K. , Tamber Mandeep S. , Prud’homme Michel , Mendez Ivar , Honey Christopher R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Canada Health Act requires reasonable access to all medically necessary therapies. No information is available to assess the current access to neuromodulation across Canada. This study quantifies the current rate of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the entire country of Canada. Analyses were performed to determine whether there were differences in access based on provincial or territorial location, rural or non-rural region, or socioeconomic status.MethodsAll implanted DBS devices in Canada over a 2-year epoch (January 2015 to December 2016) were supplied by either Boston Scientific or Medtronic. Investigators received anonymized data from these companies, including patient age and home residence region. The 2016 Statistics Canada census data were used to determine the rate of DBS surgery and whether access was related to provincial location, rural versus non-rural region or socioeconomic status.ResultsA total of 722 patients were studied. The rate of DBS surgery for the entire country was ten per million population per year. Saskatchewan was significantly above (374%) the national average, whereas Quebec (40%) and Newfoundland & Labrador (32%) were significantly below the national average. No patients from the three territories received DBS. There were no significant differences in access from rural versus non-rural areas or in regions within provinces with different socioeconomic status.ConclusionsThis is the first study to quantify all patients receiving DBS within an entire country. The current rate of DBS surgery within Canada is ten cases per million per year. Statistically significant regional differences were discovered and discussed.
Neuromuscular Ultrasound: A New Tool in Your Toolbox
Authors: van Alfen Nens , Mah Jean K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNeuromuscular ultrasound is a rapidly evolving technique for diagnosing, monitoring and facilitating treatment of patients with muscle and nerve disorders. It is a portable point-of-care technology that is non-invasive, painless and without ionizing radiation. Ultrasound can visualize muscle texture alterations indicating dystrophy or denervation, changes in size and anatomic continuity of nerve fascicles, and its dynamic imaging capabilities allow capturing of contractions and fasciculations. Ultrasound can also provide real-time guidance for needle placement, and can sometimes make a diagnosis when electromyography is not tolerated or not informative anymore. This review will focus on the technical and practical aspects of ultrasound as an imaging technique for muscles and nerves. It will discuss basic imaging principles, hardware and software setup, and provide examples of ultrasound use for visualizing muscle and nerve abnormalities with accuracy and confidence. The review is intended as a practical “how-to” guide to get started with neuromuscular ultrasound in daily practice.
Core psychopathology of treatment-seeking patients with binge-eating disorder: a network analysis investigation
Authors: Wang Shirley B. , Jones Payton J. , Dreier Melissa , Elliott Haley , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundMental disorders may emerge as the result of interactions between observable symptoms. Such interactions can be analyzed using network analysis. Several recent studies have used network analysis to examine eating disorders, indicating a core role of overvaluation of weight and shape. However, no studies to date have applied network models to binge-eating disorder (BED), the most prevalent eating disorder.MethodsWe constructed a cross-sectional graphical LASSO network in a sample of 788 individuals with BED. Symptoms were assessed using the Eating Disorders Examination Interview. We identified core symptoms of BED using expected influence centrality.ResultsOvervaluation of shape emerged as the symptom with the highest centrality. Dissatisfaction with weight and overvaluation of weight also emerged as highly central symptoms. On the other hand, behavioral symptoms such as binge eating, eating in secret, and dietary restraint/restriction were less central. The network was stable, allowing for reliable interpretations (centrality stability coefficient = 0.74).ConclusionsOvervaluation of shape and weight emerged as core symptoms of BED. This trend is consistent with past network analyses of eating disorders more broadly, as well as literature that suggests a primary role of shape and weight concerns in BED. Although DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for BED does not currently include a cognitive criterion related to body image or shape/weight overvaluation, our results provide support for including shape/weight overvaluation as a diagnostic specifier.
RAZIONALITÀ POLITICA, VIRTÙ CIVICA E IDENTITÀ NAZIONALE
Authors: Rusconi Gian Enrico 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneLa democrazia ideale è quella che combina funzionalità istituzionale, efficienza economico-amministrativa con il consenso e il lealismo dei cittadini. Quando un sistema democratico realizza queste condizioni ottimali, può dirsi un modello di razionalità politica. Naturalmente le democrazie realmente esistenti sono lontane da questo modello. Molte sono inefficienti nei loro apparati istituzionali, hanno cattive prestazioni amministrative, con pesanti conseguenze economiche e sociali e contraccolpi negativi in termini di consenso. È il caso della democrazia italiana da anni viziata da inefficienze e disfunzionalità che, aggravate da sistematici meccanismi di corruzione, hanno dato luogo a fenomeni di disaffezione civico-politica senza precedenti.
I PROGRAMMI ELETTORALI E IL RUOLO DEI MASS MEDIA
Authors: Segatti Paolo 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneSe si ripensa alla primavera dell'anno scorso, all'indomani del referendum che aprì la strada alla nuova legge elettorale, è difficile non rimanere colpiti dalla quantità e dall'intensità delle aspettative di cambiamento presenti nell'opinione pubblica, almeno per come esse venivano riflesse dai mass media.
I CANDIDATI
Authors: Mattina Liborio 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneLe valutazioni sui mutamenti determinati dalle elezioni politiche del marzo 1994 sono contrastanti. Molta pubblicistica politica ha affermato che le elezioni hanno provocato un profondo cambiamento nella composizione del ceto politico parlamentare, altri hanno sostenuto, invece, che era avvenuta solo un'operazione di maquillage che ha portato i «ragazzi del coro» in prima fila a cogliere la grande occasione offerta dal forzato ritiro dei leader identificati con l'odiata partitocrazia. Uno degli obiettivi di questo saggio è dimostrare che entrambe le interpretazioni sono sbagliate, la prima perché identifica il rinnovamento semplicemente con il cambio delle «facce» mentre esso va valutato in relazione alla composizione sociologica e alle caratteristiche professionali del nuovo ceto parlamentare; l'altra perché sopravvaluta le possibilità delle élite politiche di continuare a premiare ad libitum se stesse ed i fedeli, trascurando di contribuire al rinnovamento del personale politico in un periodo di transizione politico-istituzionale contrassegnato da una notevole crisi di legittimazione delle burocrazie partitiche.
IL VOTO PROPORZIONALE E IL NUOVO SPAZIO POLITICO ITALIANO
Authors: Ricolfi Luca 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneQuesto saggio si occupa esclusivamente del voto di lista (ai singoli partiti), espresso mediante la «scheda proporzionale» della Camera alle elezioni politiche del 27 e 28 marzo 1994. Il suo scopo è essenzialmente di ritracciare la mappa politica dell'Italia, sia in termini territoriali sia in termini di geometria dello spazio elettorale. Quest'ultimo aspetto verrà affrontato, in questo lavoro, esclusivamente sotto il profilo macro, considerando come unità di analisi i collegi o le circoscrizioni enongli individui.
TEORIA DELLA SCELTA RAZIONALE E SCIENZA POLITICA: UN INCONTRO CON POCHI FRUTTI?
Authors: Green Donald P. , Shapiro Ian 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneDalla pubblicazione diSocial Choice and Individual Valuesdi Kenneth Arrow nel 1951, si è avuta un'esplosione dell'approcciorational choicenegli studi di scienza politica. Negli anni Cinquanta e nei primi anni Sessanta, la teoria della scelta razionale rappresentava poco più di un ramo secondario all'interno di una disciplina – la scienza politica – dominata da varie forme di analisi behaviorista e istituzionalista. Oggi, di contro, essa si è diffusa ben oltre le sue prime pubblicazioni e i suoi esoterici adepti. È ben rappresentata nelle principali riviste e convegni della disciplina, e i suoi sostenitori sono richiesti da tutti i più importanti dipartimenti americani di scienza politica. La teoria della scelta razionale ha esteso il suo ambito di applicazione oltre la teoria politica e la politica americana, dapprima negli studi di relazioni internazionali e più di recente nella politica comparata. A dire il vero, quasi nessuna area della scienza politica è rimasta immune dalla sua influenza. Un conteggio degli articolirational choicepubblicati dall'American Political Science Reviewdal 1952, presentato nella figura 1, attesta una crescita quanto-mai sostenuta. Invisibile nel 1952, a distanza di quarant'anni la scuola della scelta razionale annovera quindici articoli su quarantuno nella rivista di punta della disciplina.
I NUOVI SINDACI: COME CAMBIA UNA CARRIERA POLITICA
Authors: Lattes Gianfranco Bettin , Magnier Annick 
Published: September 2018

La carriera del sindaco nella ricerca pionieristicaIl termine carriera, qualunque sia il campo concreto di riferimento, unisce un elemento dinamico – usualmente percepito con una valenza ascendente – con un elemento tendenzialmente stabile, riconducibile ad un progetto prefigurato in un dato ambito istituzionale. A comprovare l'ambiguità semantica del termine stanno due suoi caratteri antitetici solo in apparenza. In primo luogo, l'aspetto istituzionale storicamente consolidato nei termini di un percorso potenziale a disposizione degli attori dotati ed interessati; in questo senso, la carriera è lo schema organizzativo d'una professione ordinata. In secondo luogo, l'aspetto soggettivo connesso all'attore che intraprende, svolge e matura la sua carriera. Questo secondo aspetto, non certo secondario sotto il profilo sociologico, introduce un elemento di alea legato all'adempimento effettivo della carriera, la quale in quasi tutti gli ambiti istituzionali non prevede uno svolgimento completo in una forma rigida. La definizione della carriera dipende dalle modalità della sua interpretazione soggettiva in una misura che sembra assai interessante studiare empiricamente.
LA TRANSIZIONE ITALIANA: IL VOTO REGIONALE DEL 23 APRILE
Authors: D'Alimonte Roberto 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneIl nuovo sistema elettorale per l'elezione dei consiglieri delle quindici regioni a statuto ordinario rappresenta l'ultimo tassello del processo di riforma delle regole elettorali. Come i sistemi elettorali per le elezioni parlamentari, comunali e provinciali, è anche esso un sistema misto. Più precisamente è un sistema a turno unico con un doppio voto: uno per l'attribuzione dell'80% dei seggi con formula proporzionale in circoscrizioni coincidenti con il territorio delle province; l'altro per la assegnazione del restante 20%, con scrutinio maggioritario di lista, in una unica circoscrizione coincidente con il territorio della regione. Questa quota rappresenta il premio destinato alla lista regionale che ottenga il maggiore numero di voti. Come vedremo successivamente, il premio non sempre corrisponde al 20% dei seggi, ma è in realtà variabile. In ogni caso però – ed è questa la caratteristica più importante del nuovo sistema elettorale – esso è tale da garantire al partito o alla coalizione di partiti vincenti la maggioranza assoluta dei seggi in consiglio. Complessivamente, dunque, si tratta di un sistema di difficile classificazione: prevalentemente proporzionale quanto a rappresentatività delle forze politiche, tendenzialmente maggioritario quanto alla dinamica della competizione elettorale e all'impatto sulla formazione del governo regionale. Tutto sommato, la dizione «sistema proporzionale a premio di maggioranza variabile» mi sembra la più adatta a riassumerne le caratteristiche principali. In questa sezione le vedremo una per una cominciando dalla struttura della scheda elettorale.