bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work-related risk factors for sciatica leading to hospitalization
Authors: Euro Ulla , Heliövaara Markku , Shiri Rahman , Knekt Paul , Rissanen Harri , Aromaa Arpo , Karppinen Jaro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of the general strenuousness of work and various physical exposures on the risk of hospitalization for sciatica. The study population consisted of Finns aged 30 to 59 who had participated in a national health examination survey in 1978–80 (N = 3891). The participants were followed up until the end of 2011 and information on work-related determinants was acquired by a questionnaire. After adjustment for confounders, sedentary work involving handling fairly heavy objects/physically light work (HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.05–2.34), lifting or carrying heavy objects (2.10; 1.35–3.26) and exposure to whole-body vibration (1.61; 0.95–2.72) predicted sciatica, whereas heavier workloads appeared to reduce its risk (0.48; 0.26–0.89). There was an interaction between body mass index and exposure to whole-body vibration for the risk of sciatica. Overweight (1.94; 0.96–3.93) and obese (3.50; 1.44–8.46) participants exposed to whole-body vibration were at an increased risk of sciatica. Individuals of normal weight who were exposed to vibration, and overweight and obese individuals who were not exposed to vibration were not at an increased risk. The risk of hospitalization for sciatica seems to be highest among obese individuals exposed to whole-body vibration and among those lifting or carrying heavy objects.
Identification and Expression of Themes Depicted in Visual Scene and Grid Displays by Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Thiessen Amber , Brown Jessica , Freeland Tonya , Brewer Chung Hwa 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The study purpose was to compare the speed and accuracy with which people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) identified themes depicted in visual scene and grid displays. Additionally, we compared the verbal responses associated with the 2 display types to determine whether adults with TBI tended to produce more action or naming messages.

Method
Thirteen adults with and 13 without TBI viewed grid and visual scene displays matched for content and theme. They then provided verbal responses stating the theme or central idea of each image.

Results
Although no significant differences were noted between groups for theme identification accuracy, adults with TBI required significantly more time than adults without TBI to process both display types. Both participant groups more rapidly and accurately identified visual scenes than grid displays. Additionally, participants with and without TBI produced more action messages in response to visual scenes and naming messages in response to grid displays.

Conclusions
This investigation provides preliminary evidence that themes that depicted visual scenes maybe more rapidly and accurately identified than those depicted in grid displays. Additionally, visual scenes may more effectively represent action messages, and grids may more effectively represent naming messages for people with TBI.
Auditory Gating and Extended High-Frequency Thresholds in Normal-Hearing Adults With Minimal Tinnitus
Authors: Campbell Julia , LaBrec Alison , Bean Connor , Nielsen Mashhood , So Won 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The goal of this study was to assess whether peripheral auditory sensitivity in frequency regions above 8 kHz is related to central inhibitory function, as measured through a sensory gating paradigm, in normal-hearing adults with tinnitus (TINN) and without tinnitus (NTINN). The contribution of gating processes and peripheral sensitivity in extended high frequencies to tinnitus severity was evaluated via a hierarchical multiple regression method.

Method

Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were recorded in response to pairs of tones in normal-hearing adults without tinnitus, NTINN (
n
= 45), and adults with tinnitus, TINN (
n
= 21). CAEP peak component amplitude, latency, and gating indices were compared and correlated with extended high-frequency (EHF) pure-tone averages (PTAs) across groups and with tinnitus severity. An exploratory analysis was performed to investigate gating variability within the TINN group. Based on Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (Newman, Jacobson, & Spitzer, 1996) median scores, the TINN group was categorized into low- and high-median subgroups, and gating indices were compared between these subgroups. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the amount of variance accounted for in the TINN group.

Results
Decreased gating via the CAEP Pa component and increased gating via the N1 component correlated with increased tinnitus severity, even in individuals who would traditionally be classified as having no tinnitus handicap. In the TINN group, lower EHF PTA thresholds correlated with tinnitus severity and decreased Pa gating. Individuals with a greater severity of tinnitus demonstrated atypical gating function reflected in both Pa and N1 components. Gating function and EHF PTA accounted for significant variance regarding tinnitus severity.

Conclusions
A trade-off between lower and higher level gating function was observed in adults with normal hearing and tinnitus, indicative of higher order compensatory mechanisms. Better cochlear sensitivity in extended high frequencies was related to decreased lower level gating processes and increased tinnitus THI scores, suggestive of an interaction between decreased gating and heightened auditory awareness. We are currently exploring whether gating processes in this population are compensatory, and the role of gating in auditory awareness.
Effects of dust evolution on protoplanetary disks in the mid-infrared
Authors: Greenwood A. J. , Kamp I. , Waters L. B. F. M. , Woitke P. , Thi W.-F. 
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we couple the dust evolution code two-pop-py with the thermochemical disk modelling code ProDiMo. We create a series of thermochemical disk models that simulate the evolution of dust over time from 0.018 to 10 Myr, including the radial drift, growth, and settling of dust grains. We examine the effects of this dust evolution on mid-infrared gas emission, focusing on the mid-infrared spectral lines of C2H2, CO2, HCN, NH3, OH, and H2O, which are readily observable with Spitzer and the upcoming E-ELT and JWST. The addition of dust evolution acts to increase line fluxes by reducing the population of small dust grains. We find that the spectral lines of all species except C2H2 respond strongly to dust evolution; line fluxes increase by more than an order of magnitude across the model series as the density of small dust grains decreases over time. The C2H2 line fluxes are extremely low because of a low abundance in the infrared line-emitting regions, even though C2H2 is commonly detected with Spitzer, suggesting that warm chemistry in the inner disk may need further investigation. Finally, we find that the CO2 flux densities increase more rapidly than the other species as the dust disk evolves. This suggests that the flux ratios of CO2 to other species may be lower in disks with less-evolved dust populations.
Artificial Intelligence for Participatory Health: Applications, Impact, and Future Implications
Authors: Denecke Kerstin , Gabarron Elia , Grainger Rebecca , Konstantinidis Stathis Th. , Lau Annie , Rivera-Romero Octavio , Miron-Shatz Talya , Merolli Mark 
Published: April 2019

Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) provides people and professionals working in the field of participatory health informatics an opportunity to derive robust insights from a variety of online sources. The objective of this paper is to identify current state of the art and application areas of AI in the context of participatory health.
Methods: A search was conducted across seven databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsychInfo, ACM Digital Library, IEEExplore, and SCOPUS), covering articles published since 2013. Additionally, clinical trials involving AI in participatory health contexts registered at clinicaltrials.gov were collected and analyzed.
Results: Twenty-two articles and 12 trials were selected for review. The most common application of AI in participatory health was the secondary analysis of social media data: self-reported data including patient experiences with healthcare facilities, reports of adverse drug reactions, safety and efficacy concerns about over-the-counter medications, and other perspectives on medications. Other application areas included determining which online forum threads required moderator assistance, identifying users who were likely to drop out from a forum, extracting terms used in an online forum to learn its vocabulary, highlighting contextual information that is missing from online questions and answers, and paraphrasing technical medical terms for consumers.
Conclusions: While AI for supporting participatory health is still in its infancy, there are a number of important research priorities that should be considered for the advancement of the field. Further research evaluating the impact of AI in participatory health informatics on the psychosocial wellbeing of individuals would help in facilitating the wider acceptance of AI into the healthcare ecosystem.
Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Decision Support: Challenges for Evaluating AI and Practical Implications
Authors: Magrabi Farah , Ammenwerth Elske , McNair Jytte Brender , De Keizer Nicolet F. , Hyppönen Hannele , Nykänen Pirkko , Rigby Michael , Scott Philip J. , Vehko Tuulikki , Wong Zoie Shui-Yee , Georgiou Andrew 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: This paper draws attention to: i) key considerations for evaluating artificial intelligence (AI) enabled clinical decision support; and ii) challenges and practical implications of AI design, development, selection, use, and ongoing surveillance.
Method: A narrative review of existing research and evaluation approaches along with expert perspectives drawn from the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Working Group on Technology Assessment and Quality Development in Health Informatics and the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) Working Group for Assessment of Health Information Systems.
Results: There is a rich history and tradition of evaluating AI in healthcare. While evaluators can learn from past efforts, and build on best practice evaluation frameworks and methodologies, questions remain about how to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of AI that dynamically harness vast amounts of genomic, biomarker, phenotype, electronic record, and care delivery data from across health systems. This paper first provides a historical perspective about the evaluation of AI in healthcare. It then examines key challenges of evaluating AI-enabled clinical decision support during design, development, selection, use, and ongoing surveillance. Practical aspects of evaluating AI in healthcare, including approaches to evaluation and indicators to monitor AI are also discussed.
Conclusion: Commitment to rigorous initial and ongoing evaluation will be critical to ensuring the safe and effective integration of AI in complex sociotechnical settings. Specific enhancements that are required for the new generation of AI-enabled clinical decision support will emerge through practical application.
Outcomes after Split Abdominal Wall Muscle Flap Repair for Large Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernias
Authors: Molino José A. , García Martínez Laura , Guillén Burrieza Gabriela , Peiró Ibáñez José Luís , López-Fernández Sergio , Laín Ana , Ruiz Campillo Cesar , Lloret Roca Josep , López Manuel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Introduction Repair of large congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDHs) is challenging. As primary repair is not always feasible, patches are commonly used. An alternative treatment is split abdominal wall muscle flap repair, which uses vascularized autologous tissue. The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term outcome of large CDH defects undergoing split abdominal wall muscle repair.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective review (2003–2016) of large CDH treated by split abdominal wall muscle flap repair.
Results In a total of 107 CDH patients, the abdominal muscle flap technique was used in 10 (9.3%); 7 had been prenatally treated with tracheal occlusion. Two patients experienced recurrence at 2 months and 6 years, respectively. Only one patient required abdominoplasty due to abdominal wall muscle weakness. Two patients developed progressive scoliosis; one of them required orthopaedic treatment. Minor chest wall deformities were detected in seven, but only one required orthopaedic treatment. The lung-to-head ratio was 0.79 in patients developing musculoskeletal deformities, and 1.5 in those without this complication (p < 0.05). Median follow-up was 11.2 years (3.5–14.2), and all patients were alive at the time of writing this article.
Conclusion The split abdominal wall muscle flap technique is a valid option for repair of large CDH. Associated musculoskeletal deformities seem to be influenced not only by the repair technique used but also by the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia and inherent pathophysiological changes.
The desire for shelter
Authors: Marks Michael P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Among scholars and practitioners of politics, a common way of thinking about insecure political systems is to conceptualize the lack of political order in terms of metaphorically fragile and collapsed states. The suggested solution to state fragility and collapse is often the policy of nation- and state-building. This chapter uses the theory of conceptual metaphor to understand the discursive and policy relationships between the metaphorical concepts of nation- and state-building and their counterparts in the conceptual metaphors of fragile and collapsed states. The chapter finds that fear of exposure and vulnerability in a world without shelter provides a logic for the physical protection supplied by the state and the remedy that nation- and state-building provide when that structure is in jeopardy.
Barbed wire around Serbia
Authors: Đurović Tatjana , Silaški Nadežda 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Using a theoretical framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis (Charteris-Black 2004; Musolff 2004, 2006) and Critical Discourse Analysis (Hart 2010; Hart & Cap 2014; Šarić et al. 2010) the chapter investigates the role of metaphors in the construction of the national, viewed here through the prism of migrant discourse, and how this reflects on Serbia’s EU accession process. We analyse a data collection compiled from texts published in Serbian print and electronic news media in 2015–2016, focusing on verbal instantiations of the containment image schema and the wall metaphor scenario to show how Serbian officials exploit metaphors in order to present the migrant crisis as a new obstacle to Serbia’s becoming part of the EU inner space.
Direct quotation in second language writing
Authors: Wiemeyer Leonie 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Though the explicit reference to prior literature in the field is considered a characteristic feature of academic writing, there is a notable lack of corpus-linguistic research into the manifestations of intertextuality, especially in L2 academic writing (Keck 2015). This contribution explores L2 writers’ use of direct quotation in real-life disciplinary assignments. It presents a learner corpus-based study investigating the form, textual integration, and attribution of direct quotes in research papers written by advanced German learners of English. The study shows that at the advanced undergraduate level, L2 writers are familiar with formal aspects of direct quotation and conventions of intertextuality. However, insecurities with regard to length, syntactic integration, and purpose of direct quotes remain that need to be addressed in teaching.
Speech rate revisited
Authors: Gráf Tomáš 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The present study aims to explore the effect of elicitation-task design on speech rate. The data derives from the Czech learner subcorpus of the Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage (LINDSEI_CZ), its native English counterpart the Louvain Corpus of Native English Conversation (LOCNEC) and a corpus of native Czech recorded by the same speakers as in LINDSEI_CZ. Speech rates in words per minute are compared using ANOVA. Significantly lower speech rates are found especially in the picture-based task, showing that such tasks are cognitively demanding both for learners and natives. Differences between monologic and dialogic tasks are smaller and not statistically significant. The study explores possible reasons for these differences and draws implications for corpus design and research design as well as for language assessment.
Quantifying arbitrary-spin-wave-driven domain wall motion, the creep nature of domain wall and the mechanism for domain wall advances
Authors: Gao Zhong-Chen , Su Yuanchang , Weng Lianghao , Hu Jingguo , Park Chan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Domain wall motion (DWM) by spin waves (SWs) in different waveforms in a magnetic nanostripe is investigated via micromagnetic simulations. Diversified DWMs are observed. It is found that SW harmonic drives DWM most efficiently and irregular SW may cause abnormal excitation spectrum for DWM in the low-frequency range. We prove that SW harmonic is the basic element when interacting with DW and causes simple creeping motion of DW (i.e. forward propagation of DW accompanied with oscillation) with the same frequency as applied SW harmonic. Under irregular/polychromatic SW, DW makes responses to the energies carried by constituent SW harmonics, instead of overall exhibited torques, and simultaneously conducts multiple creeping motions. This finding enables the analysis for the induced DWM under arbitrary SW. Mapping of SW inside DW reveals that the simple creeping motion is due to real-space expansion and contraction inside DW and the monolithic translation of DW. It is further elucidated that the former relates to the transmitting of spin torques of SW through DW and the latter corresponds to the absorption of spin torques by DW. The overall absorbed spin torques point to direction same as SW propagation and drive DW forward. In addition, the absorption mechanism is evidenced by the well agreement between absorption of SW and averaged velocity of DW.
Supporting background stimuli
Authors: Abraham William J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
‘Supporting background stimuli’ explains how John Wesley’s connections with the Moravians, which had such a dramatic impact upon him when he was a young missionary, reveal that he was part of an international network of revival and awakening that stretched from Germany to England and into the New World. There was a shift from Christianity as a mere system of orthodox beliefs, to Christianity as a living relationship with God that leads to love of God and neighbour. The great themes of this form of Christianity were new birth and sanctification. John Wesley’s job as the Methodists’ leader was to reform the nation, especially the church, and to spread scriptural holiness throughout the land.
Understanding which people with dementia are at risk of inappropriate care and avoidable transitions to hospital near the end-of-life: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Leniz Javiera , Higginson Irene J , Stewart Robert , Sleeman Katherine E 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
transitions between care settings near the end-of-life for people with dementia can be distressing, lead to physical and cognitive deterioration, and may be avoidable.

Objective
to investigate determinants of end-of-life hospital transitions, and association with healthcare use, among people with dementia.

Design
retrospective cohort study.

Setting
electronic records from a mental health provider in London, linked to national mortality and hospital data.

Subjects
people with dementia who died in 2007–2016.

Methods
end-of-life hospital transitions were defined as: multiple admissions in the last 90 days (early), or any admission in the last three days of life (late). Determinants were assessed using logistic regression.

Results
of 8,880 people, 1,421 (16.0%) had at least one end-of-life transition: 505 (5.7%) had early, 788 (8.9%) late, and 128 (1.5%) both types. Early transitions were associated with male gender (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.11–1.59), age (>90 vs <75 years OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.97), physical illness (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.20–1.94), depressed mood (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.17–1.90), and deprivation (most vs least affluent quintile OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.90). Care home residence was associated with fewer early (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.76) and late (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.97) transitions. Early transitions were associated with more hospital admissions throughout the last year of life compared to those with late and no transitions (mean 4.56, 1.89, 1.60; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
in contrast to late transitions, early transitions are associated with higher healthcare use and characteristics that are predictable, indicating potential for prevention.
mirTime: identifying condition-specific targets of microRNA in time-series transcript data using Gaussian process model and spherical vector clustering
Authors: Kang Hyejin , Ahn Hongryul , Jo Kyuri , Oh Minsik , Kim Sun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
MicroRNAs, small noncoding RNAs, are conserved in many species, and they are key regulators that mediate post-transcriptional gene silencing. Since biologists cannot perform experiments for each of target genes of thousands of microRNAs in numerous specific conditions, prediction on microRNA target genes has been extensively investigated. A general framework is a two-step process of selecting target candidates based on sequence and binding energy features and then predicting targets based on negative correlation of microRNAs and their targets. However, there are few methods that are designed for target predictions using time-series gene expression data.

Results
In this article, we propose a new pipeline, mirTime, that predicts microRNA targets by integrating sequence features and time-series expression profiles in a specific experimental condition. The most important feature of mirTime is that it uses the Gaussian process regression model to measure data at unobserved or unpaired time points. In experiments with two datasets in different experimental conditions and cell types, condition-specific target modules reported in the original papers were successfully predicted with our pipeline. The context specificity of target modules was assessed with three (correlation-based, target gene-based and network-based) evaluation criteria. mirTime showed better performance than existing expression-based microRNA target prediction methods in all three criteria.

Availability and implementation
mirTime is available at https://github.com/mirTime/mirtime.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
gpart: human genome partitioning and visualization of high-density SNP data by identifying haplotype blocks
Authors: Kim Sun Ah , Brossard Myriam , Roshandel Delnaz , Paterson Andrew D , Bull Shelley B , Yoo Yun Joo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Summary
For the analysis of high-throughput genomic data produced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, researchers need to identify linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure in the genome. In this work, we developed an R package gpart which provides clustering algorithms to define LD blocks or analysis units consisting of SNPs. The visualization tool in gpart can display the LD structure and gene positions for up to 20 000 SNPs in one image. The gpart functions facilitate construction of LD blocks and SNP partitions for vast amounts of genome sequencing data within reasonable time and memory limits in personal computing environments.

Availability and implementation
The R package is available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/gpart.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.