bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drought legacies are dependent on water table depth, wood anatomy and drought timing across the eastern US
Authors: Kannenberg Steven A. , Maxwell Justin T. , Pederson Neil , D'Orangeville Loïc , Ficklin Darren L. , Phillips Richard P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSevere droughts can impart long‐lasting legacies on forest ecosystems through lagged effects that hinder tree recovery and suppress whole‐forest carbon uptake. However, the local climatic and edaphic factors that interact to affect drought legacies in temperate forests remain unknown. Here, we pair a dataset of 143 tree ring chronologies across the mesic forests of the eastern US with historical climate and local soil properties. We found legacy effects to be widespread, the magnitude of which increased markedly in diffuse porous species, sites with deep water tables, and in response to late‐season droughts (August–September). Using an ensemble of downscaled climate projections, we additionally show that our sites are projected to drastically increase in water deficit and drought frequency by the end of the century, potentially increasing the size of legacy effects by up to 65% and acting as a significant process shaping forest composition, carbon uptake and mortality.
Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable
Authors: Masko M. , Domino M. , Skierbiszewska K. , Zdrojkowski Ł. , Jasinski T. , Gajewski Z. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryComplications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high‐risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high‐risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high‐risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well‐being. Fetoplacental well‐being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.
Prevention of hemodialysis catheter infections: Ointments, dressings, locks, and catheter hub devices
Authors: Golestaneh Ladan , Mokrzycki Michele H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTunneled central venous catheters used for the provision of hemodialysis are associated with excess morbidity and mortality. Catheter related exit site and blood stream infections are major risks of their use. Although catheter‐avoidance is the best strategy to reduce infections and mortality in the hemodialysis population, the use of catheters remains unacceptably high.In this review, the existing clinical practice guidelines for the prevention of hemodialysis catheter associated infections are outlined, and a comprehensive evidenced‐based summary of interventions is provided. This includes details about the use of topical antimicrobial ointments and dressings, intranasal ointment application, prophylactic use of antibiotic and non‐antibiotic catheter lock solutions, and catheter hub devices for the prevention of catheter blood stream infections.
Imperial entertainments: The British Empire, the early United States, and enduring Atlantic connections
Authors: Eacott Jonathan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper brings together recent developments in leisure and entertainment history in the British Empire and Early America to suggest the opportunity for a new focus on the implications of the circulation of British imperial entertainments outside of Britain and its colonies. Since the last third of the twentieth century, scholars of Britain and its empire have been deeply interested in tracking and explaining the emergence of new forms of entertainment over the early modern and modern periods. Meanwhile, historians of Early America have been invested in uncovering the importance of entertainments in the making of theAmerican Revolutionand in advocating for competing visions of the new American nation. These two fields have largely developed independently. Nevertheless, British imperial entertainments continued to be important in the Early Republic. Work on American Anglophilia and Anglo‐American politics has begun to reconsider the lingering importance of Britain to the early United States. The implications of British entertainments in naturalizing imperial and Orientalist pursuits and ways of thinking in the United States and other emerging nation states remain to be explored.
Time to colonoscopy for patients accessing the direct access colonoscopy service compared to the normal service in Newcastle, Australia
Authors: Clarke Louise , Pockney Peter , Gillies Donna , Foster Robert , Gani Jon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe 2017 National Bowel Cancer Screening Program report records a median time from positive faecal occult blood test to colonoscopy of 53 days. There is some intrinsic delay in accessing specialist medical opinion prior to colonoscopy.AimTo examine the effect of the introduction of a Direct Access Colonoscopy Service (DACS).MethodsUsing prospectively maintained databases, patients undergoing normal service (NS) colonoscopy and those referred to DACS were compared. The primary outcome measure was the time from general practitioner (GP) referral to colonoscopy. Secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients who met the current recommended 30 days from GP referral to colonoscopy, and the proportion of patients who waited longer than 90 days.ResultsThere were 289 patients in the NS group, and 601 patients who progressed on the DACS pathway. The demographics of both groups were comparable. DACS patients had a median waiting time of 49 days, significantly shorter than NS patients whose median wait was 79 days (P < 0.0001). Approximately 15.1% patients in the DACS group had their colonoscopy within 30 days from GP referral, significantly better than in the NS group (4.5%, P < 0.001). In the NS group, 41.2% patients waited longer than 90 days from GP referral to colonoscopy, compared with 16.3% in the DACS group (P < 0.001).ConclusionDACS reduces waiting times to colonoscopy and is associated with an increased proportion of patients undergoing colonoscopy in a timely manner.
An ILS heuristic for the ship scheduling problem: application in the oil industry
Authors: Cunha Victor , Santos Iuri , Pessoa Luciana , Hamacher Silvio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper addresses a real‐life rescheduling problem of a pipe‐laying support vessel (PLSV) fleet in charge of subsea oil well connections. The short‐term schedule of these vessels is subject to uncertainties inherent to its operations, resulting in ships idleness or delays in oil production. The objective of this study is to develop methods to support a Brazilian oil and gas company in overcoming impacts caused by operational disruptions, while reaching its planned production level. The PLSV rescheduling problem was treated as an identical parallel machine scheduling problem, where the machines represent the vessels and the jobs are the activities for the subsea well connections. We propose a mathematical programming model and a method based on the iterated local search (ILS) metaheuristic to solve the problem. This paper contributes to this by considering simultaneously setup times, machine eligibility, release dates, due dates, and machine availability. Both methods were applied on 10 instances based on real PLSV data. Taking into account an objective function that measures the operational impact on schedules, the ILS provided an average improvement above 91% in schedules when compared to the initial solution provided by the studied company. The ILS outperformed a mathematical programming model for the problem, in eight instances, within a 30‐minute execution time limit, fitting to the company process.
Joint breeding value evaluation for fertility in Finnish and Norwegian blue foxes
Authors: Kempe Riitta M. , Strandén Ismo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe developed a multiple‐trait animal model for blue fox fertility evaluation and estimated genetic parameters simultaneously for seven traits: first three litter sizes (LS), pregnancy rate (PREG), whelping success (WHELP), grading size (gSI) and fur quality (gQU). Grading size and quality were included into the new multiple‐trait model as correlated traits. Litter size of the first parity had the highest unfavourable genetic correlations with gSI (−0.57) and gQU (−0.56). Thus, selection for higher gSI and gQU slows down the genetic gain in fertility traits. WHELP had moderate to fairly high negative genetic correlations with gSI and gQU (−0.44 and −0.36, respectively), indicating that larger animals are more likely to lose their pups during pregnancy or immediately after birth. Our new model corrected the slight overestimation of estimated breeding values (EBVs) especially for first litter size. The accuracy of LS, PREG and WHELP estimation is likely to benefit from the new multiple‐trait animal model. PREG and WHELP improved steadily from 1998 to 2014, and LS traits have shown a moderate genetic trend since 2007, whereas the positive genetic trend for gSI has levelled down, at least temporarily. The fairly high effective population size (150) allows to increase selection intensity, and the new fertility evaluation enables further improvement of fertility traits.
Benzene induces haematotoxicity by promoting deacetylation and autophagy
Authors: Qian Shanhu , Han Yixiang , Shi Yifen , Xu Wanling , Zhu Yiyi , Jiang Songfu , Chen Yi , Yu Zhijie , Zhang Si , Yang Yiping , Yu Kang , Zhang Shenghui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChronic exposure to benzene is known to be associated with haematotoxicity and the development of aplastic anaemia and leukaemia. However, the mechanism underlying benzene‐induced haematotoxicity, especially at low concentrations of chronic benzene exposure has not been well‐elucidated. Here, we found that increased autophagy and decreased acetylation occurred in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) isolated from patients with chronic benzene exposure. We further showed in vitro that benzene metabolite, hydroquinone (HQ) could directly induce autophagy without apoptosis in BMMNCs and CD34+ cells. This was mediated by reduction in acetylation of autophagy components through inhibiting the activity of acetyltransferase, p300. Furthermore, elevation of p300 expression by Momordica Antiviral Protein 30 Kd (MAP30) or chloroquine reduced HQ‐induced autophagy. We further demonstrated that in vivo, MAP30 and chloroquine reversed benzene‐induced autophagy and haematotoxicity in a mouse model. Taken together, these findings highlight increased autophagy as a novel mechanism for benzene‐induced haematotoxicity and provide potential strategies to reverse this process for therapeutic benefits.
The quaternary structure of human tyrosine hydroxylase: effects of dystonia‐associated missense variants on oligomeric state and enzyme activity
Authors: Szigetvari Peter D. , Muruganandam Gopinath , Kallio Juha P. , Hallin Erik I. , Fossbakk Agnete , Loris Remy , Kursula Inari , Møller Lisbeth B. , Knappskog Per M. , Kursula Petri , Haavik Jan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a multi‐domain, homo‐oligomeric enzyme that catalyses the rate‐limiting step of catecholamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis. Missense variants of human TH are associated with a recessive neurometabolic disease with low levels of brain dopamine and noradrenaline, resulting in a variable clinical picture, from progressive brain encephalopathy to adolescent onset DOPA‐responsive dystonia (DRD). We expressed isoform 1 of human TH (hTH1) and its dystonia‐associated missense variants in E. coli, analysed their quaternary structure and thermal stability using size‐exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism, multi‐angle light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering and assayed hydroxylase activity. Wild‐type (WT) hTH1 was a mixture of enzymatically stable tetramers (85.6%) and octamers (14.4%), with little interconversion between these species. We also observed small amounts of higher order assemblies of long chains of enzyme by transmission electron microscopy. To investigate the role of molecular assemblies in the pathogenesis of DRD, we compared the structure of WT hTH1 with the DRD‐associated variants R410P and D467G that are found in vicinity of the predicted subunit interfaces. In contrast to WT hTH1, R410P and D467G were mixtures of tetrameric and dimeric species. Inspection of the available structures revealed that Arg‐410 and Asp‐467 are important for maintaining the stability and oligomeric structure of TH. Disruption of the normal quaternary enzyme structure by missense variants is a new molecular mechanism that may explain the loss of TH enzymatic activity in DRD. Unstable missense variants could be targets for pharmacological intervention in DRD, aimed to re‐establish the normal oligomeric state of TH.
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The genomic basis of adaptation to calcareous and siliceous soils in Arabidopsis lyrata
Authors: Guggisberg Alessia , Liu Xuanyu , Suter Léonie , Mansion Guilhem , Fischer Martin C. , Fior Simone , Roumet Marie , Kretzschmar Ruben , Koch Marcus A. , Widmer Alex 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEdaphic conditions are important determinants of plant fitness. While much has been learnt in recent years about plant adaptation to heavy metal contaminated soils, the genomic basis underlying adaptation to calcareous and siliceous substrates remains largely unknown. We performed a reciprocal germination experiment and whole‐genome resequencing in natural calcareous and siliceous populations of diploid Arabidopsis lyrata to test for edaphic adaptation and detect signatures of selection at loci associated with soil‐mediated divergence. In parallel, genome scans on respective diploid ecotypes from the Arabidopsis arenosa species complex were undertaken, to search for shared patterns of adaptive genetic divergence. Soil ecotypes of A. lyrata display significant genotype‐by‐treatment responses for seed germination. Sequence (SNPs) and copy‐number variants (CNVs) point towards loci involved in ion transport as the main targets of adaptive genetic divergence. Two genes exhibiting high differentiation among soil types in A. lyrata further share trans‐specific single nucleotide polymorphisms with A. arenosa. This work applies experimental and genomic approaches to study edaphic adaptation in A. lyrata and suggests that physiological response to elemental toxicity and deficiency underlies the evolution of calcareous and siliceous ecotypes. The discovery of shared adaptive variation between sister species indicates that ancient polymorphisms contribute to adaptive evolution.
Genomic and transcriptomic signals of thermal tolerance in heat‐tolerant corals (Platygyra daedalea) of the Arabian/Persian Gulf
Authors: Kirk Nathan L. , Howells Emily J. , Abrego David , Burt John A. , Meyer Eli 
Published: November 2018

AbstractScleractinian corals occur in tropical regions near their upper thermal limits and are severely threatened by rising ocean temperatures. However, several recent studies have shown coral populations can harbour genetic variation in thermal tolerance. Here, we have extended these approaches to study heat tolerance of corals in the Persian/Arabian Gulf, where heat‐tolerant local populations experience extreme summer temperatures (up to 36°C). To evaluate whether selection has depleted genetic variation in thermal tolerance, estimate potential future adaptive responses and understand the functional basis for these corals’ unusual heat tolerance, we conducted controlled crosses in the Gulf coralPlatygyra daedalea. Heat tolerance is highly heritable in this population (h2 = 0.487–0.748), suggesting substantial potential for adaptive responses to selection for elevated temperatures. To identify genetic markers associated with this variation, we conducted genomewide SNP genotyping in parental corals and tested for relationships between paternal genotype and offspring thermal tolerance. Resulting multilocus SNP genotypes explained a large fraction of variation in thermal tolerance in these crosses (69%). To investigate the functional basis of these differences in thermal tolerance, we profiled transcriptional responses in tolerant and susceptible families, revealing substantial sire effects on transcriptional responses to thermal stress. We also studied sequence variation in these expressed sequences, identifying alleles and functional groups of differentially expressed genes associated with thermal tolerance. Our findings demonstrate that corals in this population harbour extensive genetic variation in thermal tolerance, and heat‐tolerant phenotypes differ in both gene sequences and transcriptional stress responses from their susceptible counterparts.
How development happens: Safe and sustainable energy, community development projects, and implementation challenges in Timor‐Leste
Authors: NINER SARA , LAY JOTHAM , WARREN NARELLE , O'CONNELL MICHAEL , EDGINGTON‐MITCHELL DANIEL 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article describes how seed funding from one major Australian University, designed to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations among academics, led to the implementation of a safe and sustainable energy supply at a community development project in remote Timor‐Leste. This article reflects on the process, the results, and insights developed during the project primarily from the point of view of the academics. A participatory process of co‐design was virtually impossible to implement due to time and resource constraints that barely allowed genuine collaboration between academics. The consequent nurturing of a social relationship between partners across borders, which would have allowed a genuine process of co‐design, was therefore not possible. Misunderstandings around the local context, tensions in understandings of timelines, and competing priorities all provided additional barriers to timely implementation of the development project. The final conclusion is that even with the best of intentions, if resource constraints do not allow the time and space to develop collaborative social relations and prioritize “process over product,” then genuine partnerships and participatory development have little chance of flourishing.
Biofortified crops for tackling micronutrient deficiencies – what impact are these having in developing countries and could they be of relevance within Europe?
Authors: Lockyer S. , White A. , Buttriss J. L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe development of crops that by harvest have accumulated higher amounts of a particular micronutrient than standard crops is known as biofortification. Biofortified staple crops such as provitamin A‐biofortified sweet potato (‘orange sweet potato’), zinc‐biofortified rice (‘zinc rice’) and iron‐biofortified beans (‘iron beans’), developed by selective breeding, have been introduced into developing countries with the goal of reducing micronutrient deficiencies. In these settings, micronutrient deficiencies caused by low dietary intakes and exacerbated by inflammation and infection result in considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this review is twofold: (1) to describe the impact of biofortified crops on micronutrient intake, nutritional status and other biological endpoints in developing countries and (2) to consider the relevance of these nutritional effects in other parts of the world such as Europe. Regular consumption of biofortified crops in developing countries where micronutrient deficiency is common has been shown to increase micronutrient intakes and thus help meet the World Health Organization's dietary recommendations. In terms of micronutrient status, most research has been conducted using provitamin A‐biofortified crops (particularly orange sweet potato), with large 2‐ to 3‐year studies indicating increases in plasma retinol, though additional studies measuring change in body stores would provide more definitive evidence. There is some evidence to suggest that iron‐biofortified crops can increase iron status (measured by serum ferritin and total body iron), but further studies are required to demonstrate the efficacy of zinc‐biofortified foods. Intakes of some micronutrients are low in someUKpopulation subgroups (in particular adolescents and young adult women), with sizeable proportions having intakes below the lower reference nutrient intake. There is also evidence of low status for some nutrients (e.g. iron and in particular vitamin D), although the prevalence of iron deficiency is much less, and therefore the consequences less severe, than seen in the developing world. The final part of the paper describes strategies used to improve micronutrient intake in Europe, such as fortification of bread flour post‐harvest and supplementation with vitamin D and folic acid, and discusses whether there is a role for biofortified crops in theUK.
Cultivating self‐regulatory eating behaviours during childhood: The evidence and opportunities
Authors: McCrickerd K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGlobal high levels of obesity and metabolic disease have called for a reformulation of the food environment to reduce portion sizes and food energy density, particularly from added sugars, highlighting the importance of the food environment in energy intake and adiposity. Young children are often assumed to have the ability to self‐regulate eating behaviours in a way that protects against overconsumption. Therefore, a complementary approach to changing the food environment is to identify and cultivate ‘protective’ eating behaviours from an early age. But what is the evidence for children's capacity to self‐regulate food intake? And could cultivating self‐regulatory eating behaviours complement broader environmental approaches aimed at reducing unhealthy weight gain during childhood? This review considers these questions with a focus on three aspects of eating behaviour that challenge energy intake regulation and healthy growth: large portion sizes, eating speed and energy compensation abilities. As children get older and gain more experience in the food environment, individual self‐regulatory skills can be compromised by factors such as sustained exposure to large portion sizes and feeding practices that fail to take into account children's appetite cues. More research is required to understand the developmental trajectories of children's eating behaviours, but parents and caregivers have the opportunity to promote self‐regulatory eating from a young age. The success of individualised interventions that aim to empower children to recognise and respond to their own appetite signals will be contingent on broader improvements to the wider food environment.