bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation and resilience in families of individuals with down syndrome living in Ireland
Authors: Caples Maria , Martin Anne‐Marie , Dalton Caroline , Marsh Lynne , Savage Eileen , Knafl George , Van Riper Marcia 
Published: May 2018

Accessible Summary

This study describes an Irish‐based study that examined how families of children with Down syndrome living in Ireland adapt to their child’s diagnosis.

We found that good family communication and family hardiness have a positive affect on how families adapt.

Families of children with Down syndrome have the potential to lead full and productive lives and positively adapt to their child’s diagnosis.

AbstractBackgroundDown syndrome is a genetic condition that affects people of all races, nationalities and socioeconomic status. The incidence of Down syndrome in Ireland is estimated to be 1 in 546, with approximately 7,000 people with Down syndrome living in Ireland. While some families of individuals with Down syndrome may find it difficult to adapt, other families adapt successfully and some even thrive. The aim of this study, which is guided by the Resiliency Model of Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation was to examine linkages between family demands, family appraisal, family resources, family problem‐solving communication and family adaptation in families of individuals with Down syndrome living in Ireland.MethodsNinety‐five parents (79 mothers, 16 fathers) of children with Down syndrome aged between 1 and 30 years completed six self‐report measures designed to assess key dimensions of the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation.ResultsThis study found that families of children with Down syndrome can adapt and become resilient. Factors found to positively influence this process include family hardiness and affirming family communication. Factors that negatively influenced this process were incendiary family communication and view of the condition impact.ConclusionFamilies of children with Down syndrome have the potential to lead full and productive lives and positively adapt to their child’s diagnosis. Early recognition of the difficulties being experienced by families and the provision of interventions that target and foster positive resiliency traits such as affirmative communication and the development of overall family hardiness are key to adaptation.
Prospective predictors of exacerbation status in severe asthma over a 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Kimura H. , Konno S. , Makita H. , Taniguchi N. , Shimizu K. , Suzuki M. , Kimura H. , Goudarzi H. , Nakamaru Y. , Ono J. , Ohta S. , Izuhara K. , Ito Y. M. , Wenzel S. E. , Nishimura M. ,   for the Hi‐CARAT investigators
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundA predisposition to exacerbations is being recognized as a distinct phenotype with “previous exacerbations” representing the strongest clinical factor associated with future exacerbation. Thus, to identify additional novel biomarkers associated with asthma exacerbations, “past exacerbation status” must be included as a confounding factor.ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize the clinical and biomarker features associated with asthma exacerbations in severe asthma.MethodsWe evaluated clinical parameters from 105 severe asthmatics yearly for 3 years, as well as their exacerbation status. We classified the subjects into 3 groups: (i) consistent non‐exacerbators (CNE, subjects who did not experience any exacerbation over the 3‐year period); (ii) consistent frequent exacerbators (CFE, subjects with frequent exacerbation, defined as those who had 2 or more exacerbations within 1 year, throughout the 3‐year period); and (iii) intermittent exacerbators (IE). We conducted multivariate analysis for comparisons among the groups for multiple factors, including several Th2‐related biomarkers, in addition to the “past exacerbation status.”ResultsThirty‐nine subjects were classified as CNE, 15 as CFE, and 51 as IE. Frequent exacerbations in the previous year predicted exacerbations for the following year (P < .001). Among the several Th2‐related biomarkers, only FeNO was associated with exacerbation status. When we analysed the data after the second visit, the impact of FeNO on predicting future exacerbation remained significant, even after considering the exacerbation status during the first year (P < .05).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceMeasurement of FeNO has a significant potential to predict future asthma exacerbation, which is independent of the “past exacerbation history.”
PET imaging of the influence of physiological and pathological α‐synuclein on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in mouse models
Authors: Levigoureux Elise , Bouillot Caroline , Baron Thierry , Zimmer Luc , Lancelot Sophie 
Published: May 2018

SummaryAimsAlpha‐synuclein (α‐syn) aggregation is a neuropathological hallmark of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies. This in vivo study explored glucose metabolism and dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission in KO α‐syn, wild‐type mice and an accelerated murine model of synucleinopathy (M83).MethodsMicroPET acquisitions were performed in all animals aged 5‐6 months using five radiotracers exploring brain glucose metabolism ([18F]FDG), dopamine neurotransmission ([11C]raclopride, [11C]PE2I) and serotonin neurotransmission ([18F]MPPF, [11C]DASB). For all radiotracers, except [18F]FDG, PET data were analyzed with a MRI‐based VOI method and a voxel‐based analysis.ResultsMicroPET data showed a decrease in [11C]raclopride uptake in the caudate putamen of KO α‐syn mice, in comparison with M83 and WT mice, reflecting a lower concentration of D2 receptors. The increase in [18F]MPPF uptake in M83 vs WT and KO mice indicates overexpression of 5‐HT1A receptors. The lack of change in dopamine and serotonin transporters in all groups suggests unchanged neuronal density.ConclusionsThis PET study highlights an effect of α‐syn modulation on the expression of the D2 receptor, whereas aggregated α‐syn leads to overexpression of 5‐HT1A receptor, as a pathophysiological signature.
Effects of urbanization on the population structure of freshwater turtles across the United States
Authors: Bowne David R. , Cosentino Bradley J. , Anderson Laurel J. , Bloch Christopher P. , Cooke Sandra , Crumrine Patrick W. , Dallas Jason , Doran Alexandra , Dosch Jerald J. , Druckenbrod Daniel L. , Durtsche Richard D. , Garneau Danielle , Genet Kristen S. , Fredericksen Todd S. , Kish Peter A. , Kolozsvary Mary Beth , Kuserk Frank T. , Lindquist Erin S. , Mankiewicz Carol , March James G. , Muir Timothy J. , Murray K. Greg , Santulli Madeline N. , Sicignano Frank J. , Smallwood Peter D. , Urban Rebecca A. , Winnett‐Murray Kathy , Zimmermann Craig R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLandscape‐scale alterations that accompany urbanization may negatively affect the population structure of wildlife species such as freshwater turtles. Changes to nesting sites and higher mortality rates due to vehicular collisions and increased predator populations may particularly affect immature turtles and mature female turtles. We hypothesized that the proportions of adult female and immature turtles in a population will negatively correlate with landscape urbanization. As a collaborative effort of the Ecological Research as Education Network (EREN), we sampled freshwater turtle populations in 11 states across the central and eastern United States. Contrary to expectations, we found a significant positive relationship between proportions of mature female painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) and urbanization. We did not detect a relationship between urbanization and proportions of immature turtles. Urbanization may alter the thermal environment of nesting sites such that more females are produced as urbanization increases. Our approach of creating a collaborative network of scientists and students at undergraduate institutions proved valuable in terms of testing our hypothesis over a large spatial scale while also allowing students to gain hands‐on experience in conservation science.
Land use changes could modify future negative effects of climate change on old‐growth forest indicator species
Authors: Mair Louise , Jönsson Mari , Räty Minna , Bärring Lars , Strandberg Gustav , Lämås Tomas , Snäll Tord 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimClimate change is expected to have major impacts on terrestrial biodiversity at all ecosystem levels, including reductions in species‐level distribution and abundance. We aim to test the extent to which land use management, such as setting‐aside forest from production, could reduce climate‐induced biodiversity impacts for specialist species over large geographical gradients.LocationSweden.MethodsWe applied ensembles of species distribution models based on citizen science data for six species of red‐listed old‐forest indicator fungi confined to spruce dead wood. We tested the effect on species habitat suitabilities of alternative climate change scenarios and varying amounts of forest set‐aside from production over the coming century.ResultsWith 3.6% of forest area set‐aside from production and assuming no climate change, overall habitat suitabilities for all six species were projected to increase in response to maturing spruce in set‐aside forest. However, overall habitat suitabilities for all six species were projected to decline under climate change scenario RCP4.5 (intermediate–low emissions), with even greater declines projected under RCP 8.5 (high emissions). Increasing the amount of forest set‐aside to 16% resulted in significant increases in overall habitat suitability, with one species showing an increase. A further increase to 32% forest set‐aside resulted in considerably more positive trends, with three of six species increasing.Main conclusionsThere is interspecific variation in the importance of future macroclimate and resource availability on species occurrence. However, large‐scale conservation measures, such as increasing resource availability through setting aside forest from production, could reduce future negative effects from climate change, and early investment in conservation is likely to reduce the future negative impacts of climate change on specialist species.
Scaling distributional patterns of butterflies across multiple scales: Impact of range history and habitat type
Authors: Pöyry Juha , Heikkinen Risto K. , Heliölä Janne , Kuussaari Mikko , Saarinen Kimmo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimAssessing the threat status of declining but yet widespread species poses a challenge to applied ecologists. Previous studies using a common metric to describe the spatial aggregation of occurrences across multiple scales, the fractal dimension Dij, have suggested that species’ distributional trends may be deduced from readily understandable spatial patterns: Expanding species are expected to show more aggregated spatial distributions (higher value of Dij) than declining species (lower value of Dij). Here, we revisited these predictions using a large‐scale empirical dataset on Finnish butterflies.LocationFinland.MethodsFor each butterfly species (n = 97) and across three spatial scales (grid squares of 10 km, 50 km and 100 km), we calculated the area of occupancy (AOOi) as the sum of occupied grid squares. We employed values of AOOi to derive the Dij for each butterfly species. We then used these metrics to compare the changes in spatial patterns of distribution (∆AOOi and ∆Dij) between two time periods, 2000–2002 and 2009–2011.ResultsMajority of the studied butterfly species showed declining areas of occupancy (at the scale of 10 km, ∆AOO10) and fractal dimensions (across the scales from 10 km to 100 km, ∆D10–100) between the two study periods. In contrast to predictions, AOO10 and D10–100 showed negative impacts on the ∆AOO10, an observation that may be explained by the high proportion of declining species in our data. Butterfly species with the greatest fractal dimensions at regional scales (D10–100) in the years 2000–2002 showed both positive long‐term distributional trends and most notable northern recent range limit shifts.Main conclusionsOur results were in most cases congruent with the prediction of higher fractal dimension values in expanding compared to declining species. As a novel observation, many butterflies expanded northwards in spite of their occurrences getting simultaneously more scattered, particularly in southern Finland.
Comparison of lameness scores after a low 4‐point nerve block to lameness scores after additional desensitisation of the dorsal metatarsal nerves in horses with experimentally induced pain in the metatarsophalangeal joint
Authors: Coleridge M. , Schumacher J. , DeGraves F. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis study evaluated whether anaesthesia of the dorsal metatarsal nerves in addition to a low 4‐point nerve block provides significantly more analgesia to the metatarsophalangeal joint than to a low 4‐point nerve block alone. A wireless, inertial, sensor‐based, motion analysis system was used to evaluate gaits of six horses before induction of lameness, after administration of interleukin‐1β into a metatarsophalangeal joint, after anaesthesia of the medial and lateral plantar nerves and the medial and lateral plantar metatarsal nerves, and after additional anaesthesia of the lateral and medial dorsal metatarsal nerves. The magnitude of hindlimb lameness was analysed considering both the push‐off component (diffmaxpelvis) and the impact component (diffminpelvis) of the lame limb for all trials. There was no significant difference in the sum of diffmaxpelvis and diffminpelvis (SDMPs) when comparing the horse's gait after the low 4‐point nerve block to the gait after additional anaesthesia of the dorsal metatarsal nerves, indicating that there is likely no benefit of medial and lateral dorsal metatarsal nerve anaesthesia when using regional anaesthesia to localise pain to the metatarsophalangeal joint during a lameness examination.
Resorption of the mandibular residual ridge: A micro‐CT and histomorphometrical analysis
Authors: Dekker Hannah , Schulten Engelbert A. J. M. , ten Bruggenkate Chris M. , Bloemena Elisabeth , van Ruijven Leo , Bravenboer Nathalie 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the extent of mandibular resorption and gender is related to the bone turnover and microarchitecture of the edentulous mandible.Participants and methodsA mandibular bone sample was obtained at canine position from 36 edentulous participants (50% women; mean age: 65 years) during dental implant surgery. All female participants were postmenopausal. Mandibular height, duration of edentulous state and resorption pattern (Cawood classification) were recorded. Microcomputed tomography was used to determine bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, trabecular connectivity density, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation. Histomorphometric analysis was used to assess bone turnover: osteoid area and surface were measured as a parameter for bone formation and osteoclast numbers were determined as a parameter for bone resorption. Correlations between micro‐CT, histomorphometrical parameters and clinical data were analysed with correlation coefficients and parametric and non‐parametric tests.ResultsLower mandibular height was strongly associated with higher bone mineral density in trabecular bone. Women showed higher osteoclast numbers in trabecular bone than men. In trabecular bone of women, bone volume was significantly related to osteoclast numbers, osteoid surface and osteoid area.ConclusionsThe higher trabecular bone mineral density found in the edentulous mandible could either indicate a restructuring process of the resorbed mandible or suggests that the inferior region of the mandible is more highly mineralised. In women, higher bone turnover is associated with lower bone volume, suggesting an effect of postmenopausal oestrogen deficiency on bone turnover in the edentulous mandible.
Association of fall history with the Timed Up and Go test score and the dual task cost: A cross‐sectional study among independent community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Asai Tsuyoshi , Oshima Kensuke , Fukumoto Yoshihiro , Yonezawa Yuri , Matsuo Asuka , Misu Shogo 
Published: May 2018

AimTo investigate the associations between fall history and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test (single‐TUG test), TUG test while counting aloud backwards from 100 (dual‐TUG test) and the dual‐task cost (DTC) among independent community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 537 older adults who lived independently in the community. Data on fall history in the previous year were obtained by self‐administrated questionnaire. The single‐ and dual‐TUG tests were carried out, and the DTC value was computed from these results. Associations between fall history and these TUG‐related values were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. The participants were divided into fall risk groups using the cut‐off values of those significantly associated with falling, and the odds ratios (OR) were computed.ResultsSlower single‐TUG test scores and lower DTC values were significantly associated with fall history after adjusting for potential confounders (single‐TUG test score: OR 1.133, 95% CI 1.029–1.249; DTC value: OR 0.984, 95% CI 0.968–0.998). Older adults with slower single‐TUG test scores and lower DTC values reported a fall history more often than those in other categories (OR compared with the lower‐risk single‐TUG and lower‐risk DTC groups: 3.474, 95% CI 1.881–6.570).ConclusionsSlower single‐TUG test scores and lower DTC values are associated with fall history among independent community‐dwelling older adults. To some extent, dual task performance might provide added value for fall assessment, compared with administering the TUG test alone. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1189–1193.
Use of Most Bothersome Symptom as a Coprimary Endpoint in Migraine Clinical Trials: A Post‐Hoc Analysis of the Pivotal ZOTRIP Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Dodick David W. , Tepper Stewart J. , Friedman Deborah I. , Gelfand Amy A. , Kellerman Donald J. , Schmidt Peter C. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo better understand the utility of using pain freedom and most bothersome headache‐associated symptom (MBS) freedom as co‐primary endpoints in clinical trials of acute migraine interventions.BackgroundAdhesive dermally applied microarray (ADAM) is an investigational system for intracutaneous drug administration. The recently completed pivotal Phase 2b/3 study (ZOTRIP), evaluating ADAM zolmitriptan for the treatment of acute moderate to severe migraine, was one of the first large studies to incorporate MBS freedom and pain freedom as co‐primary endpoints per recently issued guidance by the US Food and Drug Administration. In this trial, the proportion of patients treated with ADAM zolmitriptan 3.8 mg, who were pain‐free and MBS‐free at 2 hours post‐dose, was significantly higher than for placebo.MethodsWe undertook a post‐hoc analysis of data from the ZOTRIP trial to examine how the outcomes from this trial compare to what might have been achieved using the conventional co‐primary endpoints of pain relief, nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia.ResultsOf the 159 patients treated with ADAM zolmitriptan 3.8 mg or placebo, prospectively designated MBS were photophobia (n = 79), phonophobia (n = 43), and nausea (n = 37). Two‐hour pain free rates in those with photophobia as the MBS were 36% for ADAM zolmitriptan 3.8 mg and 14% for placebo (P = .02). Corresponding rates for those with phonophobia as the MBS were 14% and 41% (P = .05). For those whose MBS was nausea, corresponding values were 56% and 16%, respectively (P = .01). Two‐hour freedom from the MBS for active drug vs placebo were 67% vs 35% (P < .01) for photophobia, 55% vs 43% (P = .45) for phonophobia, and 89% vs 58% for nausea (P = .04). MBS freedom but not pain freedom was achieved in 28%. Only 1 patient (1%) achieved pain freedom, but not MBS freedom. The proportion with both pain and MBS freedom was highest (56%) among those whose MBS was nausea.ConclusionIn this study, the use of MBS was feasible and seemed to compare favorably to the previously required 4 co‐primary endpoints.
Intermittent resistance exercise and obesity, considered separately or combined, impair spermatic parameters in adult male Wistar rats
Authors: Punhagui Ana Paula Franco , Teixeira Giovana Rampazzo , de Freitas Marcelo Conrado , Seraphim Patricia Monteiro , Fernandes Glaura Scantamburlo Alves 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObesity and absence of physical exercise are global problems that affect concentration and sperm quality in the male reproductive system. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of obesity and resistance training, considered separately or in association, on testicular function and reproductive capacity. Twenty pubertal male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: control (C) and exercise (E) groups that received standard rat chow; and obese (O) and obese with exercise (OE) groups that received a high‐fat diet. All the groups received filtered water during the experimental conditions. Groups E and OE were submitted to 8 weeks of high‐intensity intermittent training. Afterwards, testes were collected for sperm count, spermatogenic kinetics, histopathology, morphometry and immunodetection of androgen receptors (AR). The vas deferens was collected for sperm morphology. The results showed that obesity increased body weight, naso‐anal length, liver and epididymal fat weight, abnormal spermatozoa and immunodetectable AR. Intermittent exercise decreased daily sperm production (DSP), sperm count and normal spermatozoa, whereas the number of tubules with immunodetectable AR increased. The combination of obesity and intermittent training led to reduced sperm count and DSP, although abnormal spermatozoa and the number of tubules with immunodetectable AR increased. Thus, in conclusion, both obesity and resistance training impaired testicular function during puberty in rats; and this type of exercise has also been shown to be detrimental to testicular physiology.
Pollution and infectious diseases
Authors: Bosi Stefano , Desmarchelier David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent empirical contributions highlight the negative impact of pollution on labor supply. This relationship is explained by two mechanisms: first, pollution modifies agents’ work–leisure trade‐off as it deteriorates their working conditions (incentive effect); and second, a polluted environment is likely to generate more frequent epidemic outbreaks and to affect agents’ immune systems (health effect). Bosi et al. () explore the aggregate consequences of the incentive effect and show that it can generate endogenous fluctuations in the economic activity. The present paper focuses on the health effect as we study a Ramsey model augmented with the spread of infectious disease. We find that industrial pollution may generate limit cycles around an endemic steady state. More precisely, the economic system may undergo a transcritical bifurcation followed by two Hopf bifurcations near this steady state.