bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of concentrated feed enriched with zeolite and glycerin on productivity of beef cattle
Authors: A Erdenechimeg , A Otgonjargal , N Togtokhbayar 
Published: May 2019

Sixteen native breeds of cattle (n=16) were selected as experimental animal and divided into two control and two experimental group. The cattle for this study were two months old native breeds that all castrated males with average live weight 270±5 kg. During the experimental period cattle in first control group were grazed on open pasture, while second control group were kept in door and fed by well-balanced concentrated feed for beef cattle. However first experimental group were fed by feed ration enriched with 2% of native zeolite, whereas second experimental group was provided by ration with 2% of zeolite and 6% of glycerin. All of these cattle in two different groups were fed for 52 days in total, which divided into preparation and experimental periods of 7 and 45 days. Daily body weight of cattle in first control group was declined by 15 kg (357.5g) while it was increased by 22.25 kg (530g) in second control, 30.04 kg (714.5 g) in first experimental and 24.75 kg (589.3 g) in second experimental groups (p<0.001).
The brain, unconsciousness and death: a critical appraisal with regard to halal meat production
Authors: Fuseini A 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMuslims derive their dietary laws from the Quran (Islamic Holy Book) and other Islamic scriptures. These religious scriptures prohibit them from consuming meat from animals that die before they are bled-out. Some Muslim authorities have interpreted this to mean that, in addition to the animal being alive, it must also be conscious prior to neck-cutting. This has led to a section of the Muslim community rejecting pre-slaughter stunning for halal meat production with the belief that all forms of stunning lead to instantaneous death. It must be noted that some jurists have debunked claims that animals must be conscious before they are bled-out because it does not appear to be mentioned anywhere in the scriptures. This paper reviews literature on the role of the brain in the control of conscious perception and death and considers the different scholarly definitions of death and how they impact the interpretation of halal slaughter rules and the impact on animal welfare.
Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of purine content in marine fish during boiling
Authors: Li Tingting , Ren Likun , Wang Dangfeng , Song Minjie , Li Qiuying , Li Jianrong 
Published: May 2019

Background
Gout is the second most common metabolic disease affecting human health. The disease of gout is closely related to the level of uric acid, which is the end-product of human purine metabolism. Moreover, food is the main way of external ingestion of purine.

Method
A simple and time-saving method was developed to extract purines like adenine, hypoxanthine, guanine, and xanthine from marine fish by single factor design combined with Box–Behnken. The contents of these purines in the edible parts and internal organs of marine fish, as well as Scophthalmus maximus, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography to investigate the relationship between the boiling process and purine content.

Result
The mixed-acid method was chosen for the extraction of purine bases and the extraction conditions were as follows: mixture acid 90.00% TFA/80.00% FA (v/v, 1:1); hydrolysis temperature 90.00 °C; time 10.00 min; liquid-to-solid ratio 30:1. The total purine content of the edible parts (eyes, dorsal muscles, abdominal muscles, and skin) was the highest in Scophthalmus maximus, followed by sphyraena, Sardinella, Trichiurus lepturus, Scomberomorus niphonius, Pleuronectiformes, Sea catfish, Anguillidae, and Rajiformes. Moreover, boiling significantly reduced the purine content in the marine fish because of the transfer of the purines to the cooking liquid during boiling. Scophthalmus maximus, Sphyraena, and Sardinella were regard as high-purine marine fish, which we should eat less. We also confirmed that boiling significantly transferred purine bases from fish to cooking liquid. Thus, boiling could reduce the purine content of fish, thereby reducing the risk of hyperuricemia and gout.
Ophthalmic Problems of Adults in Rural Communities of Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Nnenna Obi-Fortune, , Sydney Ejimadu, Chibuike 
Published: May 2019

Aim: To determine the ophthalmic problems and their possible causes among adults in rural communities in Rivers State.
Methods: A multistage population based random sampling study of adults in five clans of Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State. Medical history was taken and comprehensive ocular examination done on each subject. Ocular examination included visual acuity, visual field, tonometry and ophthalmoscopy. Data taken were recorded and analysed using statistical software called Minitab 11. Ethical approval was obtained from relevant authorities.
Results: Out of the 600 subjects seen in this study 276 (46.0%) were males and 324 (54.0%) females. They were all above 21 years old. Twenty six (2.4%) subjects had good vision while 8 (0.8%) were blind. The ophthalmic problems identified were Presbyopia 298 (28.0%), Refractive error 247 (23.2%), Cataract 126 (11.8%), Allergic conjunctivitis 106 (9.9%), Glaucoma 94 (8.8%), Pterygium 86 (8.1%), Bacterial conjunctivitis 35 (3.3%), Corneal opacity 32 (3.0%), Chalazion 4 (0.4%), Diabetic retinopathy 3 (0.3%) and Ptosis 1 (0.1%).
Conclusion: The most common ophthalmic problems in this study which were dependent on gender and occupation include Presbyopia, Refractive Error, Cataract and Allergic Conjunctivitis. More females and farmers were seen in this study. The problems identified can be easily managed if well-equipped health facilities are provided by the government.
A/D and D/A Conversion Architectures and Techniques
Authors: Sonkusale Sameer , Zourntos Takis 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article is concerned with the data conversion subsystem that interfaces the front‐end and back‐end portions of the transceiver core. A data converter translates signals between analog and digital representations. Our emphasis is on data converters for mobile communication systems in which cost and power savings are a priority. Therefore, although much of our discussion is of a general nature, our presentation is geared toward CMOS integrated circuit implementation and applications with low to moderate bandwidths (e.g., communications with WCDMA, IEEE 802.11a/b, or Bluetooth protocols).
Gallium Nitride for Electronics
Authors: Lee Jong-Wook , Adesida Ilesanmi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn addition to their usefulness in optoelectronic applications, GaN‐based devices also have excellent electronic properties such as high critical breakdown fields, high saturation velocity, and good thermal conductivity. Many laboratories around the world have demonstrated microwave power performance for GaN devices that are far superior to the performance of other solid‐state device technologies. The GaN‐based high‐electron‐mobility transistor (HEMT) is considered an ideal candidate for highpower and high‐temperature RF/microwave applications.
Noise, Low‐Frequency
Authors: Handel Peter H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLow‐frequency noise, containing fluctuations of current or voltage with frequency components below 10 kHz, is mainly fundamental 1/fnoise and sometimes nonfundamental 1/fnoise. In addition, shot noise, generation–recombination (GR) noise, and thermal noise, which are important at higher frequencies, also extend to the low‐frequency domain. All theses forms of electronic noise, are characterized by the mean squared current fluctuation ((δI)2) [or ((δV)2≡RMSδV)2for voltage], measured in series with (or across) the device or sample under test, when a constant voltage (current) is applied, except for thermal noise, which is present even in thermal equilibrium, with no bias applied.
Enhancing targeted doses: Low‐energy photon lipiodol‐enhanced radiotherapy (LEPERT) for liver cancer patients
Authors: Kawahara Daisuke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study proposes a novel approach, “Low‐energy photon Lipiodol‐Enhanced Radiotherapy” (LEPERT), for patients with liver cancer. Moreover, we evaluate the dose difference of the conventional treatment planning with 10 MV X‐ray beam (MV‐plan) and LEPERT.MethodsThe computed tomography (CT) was modeled with the Monte Carlo simulation. For LEPERT, 120 kV X‐ray beams collimated with CT were irradiated on a virtual tumor filled with Lipiodol at 10–50 mg/mL, which was inserted into a whole‐body phantom. A prescribed dose of 40 Gy/4fr was irradiated to achieve D95% of the target. The doses to the target and organs at risk (OARs), such as the bone, normal liver, spinal cord, and kidneys, were evaluated by comparison with conventional radiotherapy with a 10 MV VMAT plan (MV‐plan).ResultsDifferences in the effective energy and off‐axis ratio between the measurements and simulations were within 2 keV and 3%, respectively. The D2% of tumors exceeded 130% of the prescribed dose at 50 mg. The difference in the D98% of the tumor between LEPERT and MV‐plan was within 0.7 Gy. The V5Gy of the normal liver (>40 mg/mL) was lower for LEPERT than for MV‐plan. The V20Gy of the normal liver (>10 mg/mL) for LEPERT was over 80% lower than that for MV‐plan. Dose constraints for the OARs were satisfied.ConclusionThe LEPERT can selectively enhanced only the tumor region with sparing the OAR dose. It could be a novel and effective treatment technique in the point that the treatment machine is a general CT device.
Assessment of clinical feasibility:offline adaptive radiotherapy for lung cancer utilizing kV iCBCT and UNet++ based deep learning model
Authors: Zeng Hongwei , Chen Qi , E Xiangyu , Feng Yue , Lv Minghe , Zeng Su , Shen Wenhao , Guan Wenhui , Zhang Yang , Zhao Ruping , Wang Shaobin , Yu Jingping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer poses a significant global health challenge. Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) addresses uncertainties due to lung tumor dynamics. We aimed to investigate a comprehensively and systematically validated offline ART regimen with high clinical feasibility for lung cancer.MethodsThis study enrolled 102 lung cancer patients, who underwent kV iterative cone‐beam computed tomography (iCBCT). Data collection included iCBCT and planning CT (pCT) scans. Among these, data from 70 patients were employed for training the UNet++ based deep learning model, while 15 patients were allocated for testing the model. The model transformed iCBCT into adaptive CT (aCT). Clinical radiotherapy feasibility was verified in 17 patients. The dosimetric evaluation encompassed GTV, organs at risk (OARs), and monitor units (MU), while delivery accuracy was validated using ArcCHECK and thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) detectors.ResultsThe UNet++ based deep learning model substantially improved image quality, reducing mean absolute error (MAE) by 70.05%, increasing peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) by 17.97%, structural similarity (SSIM) by 7.41%, and the Hounsfield Units (HU) of aCT approaching a closer proximity to pCT compared to kV iCBCT. There were no significant differences observed in the dosimetric parameters of GTV and OARs between the aCT and pCT plans, confirming the accuracy of the dose maps in ART plans. Similarly, MU manifested no notable disparities, underscoring the consistency in treatment efficiency. Gamma passing rates for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans derived from aCT and pCT exceeded 98%, while the deviations in TLD measurements (within 2% to 7%) also exhibited no significant differences, thus corroborating the precision of dose delivery.ConclusionAn offline ART regimen utilizing kV iCBCT and UNet++ based deep learning model is clinically feasible for lung cancer treatment. This approach provides enhanced image quality, comparable treatment plans to pCT, and precise dose delivery.
Relationship Between Number of Different Lower‐Limb Resistance Exercises Prescribed in a Program and Exercise Outcomes in People With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Regression
Authors: Lawford Belinda J. , Bennell Kim L. , Spiers Libby , Kimp Alexander J. , Dell'Isola Andrea , Harmer Alison R. , Van der Esch Martin , Hall Michelle , Hinman Rana S. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveWe determine whether there is a relationship between the number of different lower‐limb resistance exercises prescribed in a program and outcomes for people with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsWe used a systematic review with meta‐regression. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Embase up to January 4, 2024. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated land‐based resistance exercise for knee osteoarthritis compared with nonexercise interventions. We conducted meta‐regressions between number of different exercises prescribed and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for pain and function. Covariates (intervention duration, frequency per week, use of resistance exercise machine[s], and comparator type) were applied to attempt to reduce between‐study heterogeneity.ResultsForty‐four trials (3,364 participants) were included. The number of resistance exercises ranged from 1 to 12 (mean ± SD 5.0 ± 3.0). Meta‐regression showed no relationship between the number of prescribed exercises and change in pain (slope coefficient: −0.04 SMD units [95% confidence interval {95% CI} −0.14 to 0.05]) or self‐reported function (SMD −0.04 [95% CI −0.12 to 0.05]). There was substantial heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias. However, even after removing 31 trials that had overall unclear/high risk of bias, there was no change in relationships.ConclusionThere was no relationship between the number of different lower‐limb resistance exercises prescribed in a program and change in knee pain or self‐reported function. However, given that we were unable to account for all differences in program intensity, progression, and adherence, as well as the heterogeneity and overall low quality of included studies, our results should be interpreted with caution.
Introducing Lewis Base‐Phosphate to Boost Neutral Seawater Splitting in Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer
Authors: Han Mei , Wang Haibin , Zhou Jieshu , Liu Kangning , Wang Ning , Chen Xihao , Liu Yongchang , Liang Hongyan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectrolysis of seawater using anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) under neutral conditions, is an attractive method for hydrogen production. Unfortunately, competitive anodic chlorine evolution reaction together with sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics caused by insufficient OH−, significantly limit the system's current density and operational stability. Herein, Lewis base phosphate (PO43−) is used as a proton acceptor to accelerate the cleavage of OH−H bonds, which facilitates the accumulation of *OH. NiFeP nanosheets grown on pretreated nickel foam (NiS‐A) are used as the free‐standing electrode. During the OER process, the pre‐catalyst NiFeP spontaneously transforms into Lewis base‐PO43− decorated Ni(Fe)OOH. Experimental studies and density functional theory calculations reveal that Ni(Fe)OOH active phases adsorb H2O intermediates and synergize with the protophilic Lewis base PO43− to favor the dissociation of water molecules (*H2O→*OH+H++e−), ensuring the timely supply of *OH in neutral media. Meanwhile, PO43− also exhibits excellent ability to repel chloride ions in seawater splitting, achieving ≈98.2% oxygen Faradaic efficiency. The optimized NiFeP/NiS‐A delivers a low overpotential (280 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and long‐term OER durability (over 400 h at 500 mA cm−2). Integrating NiFeP/NiS‐A in a seawater‐based AEMWE can achieve an industrially required current density of 1.0 A cm−2 (60 °C) at 1.8 V and an operation stability over 220 h.
Additive Manufacturing of Magnetic Materials for Energy, Environment, Healthcare, and Industry Applications
Authors: Rezaei Bahareh , Moni Hur‐E‐Jannat , Karampelas Ioannis H. , Sharma Arjun , Mostufa Shahriar , Azizi Ebrahim , Liu Xiaolong , Zeng Minxiang , Gómez‐Pastora Jenifer , He Rui , Wu Kai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have significantly expanded the potential applications of magnetic materials and devices. This review summarizes various AM methods, including ink‐based and ink‐free processes, and their use in fabricating complex magnetic structures with specific properties tailored for different fields. Key applications discussed include energy‐harvesting devices enhanced with magnetic nanoparticles, water decontamination through magnetically guided microswimmers, and magnetic soft composites in robotics and medical devices. In addition, the integration of AM in producing wearable and flexible magnetic sensors is highlighted, demonstrating its transformative impact on human‐machine interactions. Furthermore, rare‐earth‐free magnets and electric motor designs enabled by AM techniques are also discussed. Despite material compatibility and scalability challenges, AM provides opportunities for creating multifunctional, sustainable devices with reduced waste. Future research should focus on optimizing these techniques for complex applications and large‐scale production, particularly in eco‐friendly and industrial settings.
Whispers of Entropic Distortion Elevating Voltage and Electrochemical Depth in Potassium Hexacyanoferrate Cathodes
Authors: Chou Chi‐Wei , Tuan Hsing‐Yu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrussian Blue Analogues (PBAs) are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to their broad operating voltage range, low potassium‐ion diffusion barriers, and cost‐effective, simple synthesis. However, the passivation of low‐spin transition metal centers and inherently poor electronic conductivity severely limit PBAs' potential to achieve high energy density and long‐term cycling stability. In this study, the first successful activation of low‐spin transition metal reactivity in a non‐aqueous PIB system through the incorporation of a high‐entropy multimetallic coordination strategy is reported. This approach not only precisely regulates the voltage platform but also significantly enhances the material's energy density. The synthesized high‐entropy K1.19Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Mn0.2[Fe(CN)6]0.79□0.21·1.16H2O (HEPBA) cathode achieved a remarkable energy density of 407.67 W h kg−1 at an average working voltage of 3.89 V, with a capacity retention of 88.03% after 2000 cycles at 500 mA g−1. Density functional theory (DFT) and field emission analysis (FEA) calculations revealed that the high‐entropy design not only improved the electronic conductivity during K+ intercalation but also significantly reduced ion diffusion barriers. Additionally, the material exhibited reduced volumetric expansion during potassium‐ion insertion/extraction, greatly enhancing its long‐term cycling stability.
Multifunctional High‐Entropy Alloy Nanolayer Toward Long‐Life Anode‐Free Sodium Metal Battery
Authors: Liu Lin , Cai Zijian , Yang Shoumeng , Yang Yang , Yao Yu , He Shengnan , Xu Shitan , Wu Zhijun , Pan Hongge , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAnode‐free sodium metal batteries (AFSMBs) hold great promise due to high energy density and low cost. Unfortunately, their practical applications are hindered by poor cycling stability, which is attributed to Na dendrite growth and inferior Na plating/stripping reversibility on conventional sodiophobic current collectors. Here, a thin high‐entropy alloy (HEA, NbMoTaWV) interfacial layer composed of densely packed nanoplates is constructed on commercial aluminum foil (NbMoTaWV@Al) for AFSMBs. The enhanced sodiophilicity of the HEA greatly reduces Na nucleation barrier with low nucleation overpotential. Simultaneously, abundant active sites of the HEA can boost interfacial reaction kinetics and guide uniform Na deposition. Furthermore, plentiful HEA nanoplates can homogenize electric field distribution and decrease the local current density. Benefiting from the advantageous properties of NbMoTaWV@Al, outstanding electrochemical performances, including an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% over 1000 cycles at 2 mA cm−2/2 mAh cm−2 in asymmetric cells, alongside a small overpotential (10 mV at 1 mA cm−2) and a long lifespan of 2500 cycles in symmetric cells, are achieved. More impressively, the anode‐free NbMoTaWV@Al||Na3V2(PO4)3 batteries display superior cycling stability over 300 cycles. This work presents an efficient method of employing multifunctional HEA materials to manipulate the interfacial properties of current collector for high‐performance AFSMBs.
Grain‐Boundary Elimination via Liquid Medium Annealing toward High‐Efficiency Sb2Se3 Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Qi , Tang Rongfeng , Che Bo , He Yawu , Wu Ting , Peng Xiaoqi , Yang Junjie , Sheng Shuwei , Zhu Changfei , Chen Tao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSuppression of charge recombination caused by unfavorable grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline thin films is essential for improving the optoelectronic performance of semiconductor devices. For emerging antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) materials, the unique quasi‐1D structure intensifies the dependence of GB properties on the grain size and orientation, which also increases the impact of defects related to grain structure on device performance. However, these characteristics pose significant challenges in the preparation of thin films. In this study, a novel annealing approach using ammonia–thiourea is developed mixed solution as the liquid medium (LM) to finely regulate the crystallization of Sb2Se3 films, resulting in micron‐sized large grains with enhanced [hk1] orientation and fewer defects. Mechanistic studies indicate that the intermediate phase formed at the GBs promotes the growth of large grains. Moreover, LM creates a closed and uniform environment for thin‐film annealing, suppressing the volatilization of Se and reducing the types of deep‐level defects. Consequently, the film delivers a device efficiency of 9.28%, the highest efficiency achieved for Sb2Se3 solar cells fabricated via thermal evaporation. Hence, this study provides a facile and effective annealing method for controlling the crystallization of low‐dimensional materials and offers valuable guidance for the development of chalcogenide materials.
Precise Regulation of Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton‐Transfer Materials for High‐Efficiency Monochromatic and White‐emitting OLEDs
Authors: Yang Tao , Wei Qi , Jiang Xinchen , Liu Yujian , Gao Zhiqiang , Mi Baoxiu , Fan Quli , Qian Yan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConventional fluorescent WOLEDs generate white light by incomplete energy transfer but face challenges in precisely controlling energy transfer and improving device efficiency due to the maximal utilization of 25% singlet excitons. In this study, two newly developed excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorophores emit orange and white light. These fluorophores utilize excitons efficiently (70–88%) via high‐level reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) exclusively in the keto form and in both isomers (enol/keto), respectively. The white emitter, with comparable dual emissions, enables the fabrication of color‐stable cold‐white single‐emitter OLED with a CRI of 74 and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 5.60%. The orange emitter, when combined with a sky‐blue TADF fluorophore, creates non‐energy‐transferred single‐emitting‐layer (SML) high‐performance cold‐ and pure‐white WOLEDs with CIE coordinates of (0.26, 0.35) and (0.32, 0.32), and maximum EQEs of 13.34% and 9.66%, respectively. Importantly, these complementary‐color WOLEDs demonstrate high reproducibility, offering advantages for industrial batch fabrication. Thus, this research presents a route to achieve cost‐effective mass production of simple‐structured and high‐efficiency WOLEDs.