bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A1 and loss of kidney function in patients with immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis
Authors: Zhang Xue , Xie Xinfang , Shi Sufang , Liu Lijun , Lv Jicheng , Zhang Hong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundImmunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis nephritis (IgAV-N) is the most common secondary IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Many studies have demonstrated that galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the IgA1 hinge region is associated with the development and also progression of primary IgAN. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the roles of Gd-IgA1 in kidney disease progression in a large Chinese cohort of IgAV-N patients.MethodsThis cohort study enrolled 112 patients with IgAV-N, 15 patients with IgA vasculitis (IgAV) without kidney involvement and 108 patients with IgAN. Plasma IgA1 and Gd-IgA1 levels at kidney biopsy were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The primary endpoint was a 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate or end-stage renal disease or death.ResultsThe levels of Gd-IgA1 in IgAV-N and IgAN patients were higher than in healthy controls (mean ± SD, 302.86 ± 54.93 U/mL versus 303.16 ± 59.43 U/mL versus 281.30 ± 43.74 U/mL, respectively; P = 0.047), as well as compared with those with IgAV without kidney involvement (272.65 ± 53.14 U/mL; P = 0.036). After adjusting clinical data, higher levels of Gd-IgA1 were found to be independently associated with a greater risk for kidney failure [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.703 per 1 SD, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.233–2.352; P = 0.001]. Compared with the first Gd-IgA1 quartile group (as reference), the fourth Gd-IgA1 quartile group retained a predictive value for poor renal outcome (HR = 3.740, 95% CI 1.204–11.619; P = 0.023).ConclusionsThese data indicate that Gd-IgA1 levels were similarly elevated in adult patients with IgAN and those with IgAV-N. Moreover, increased Gd-IgA1 levels were associated with both the development and progression of IgAV-N, as observed in IgAN.
Charting the Emergence of the Cultural from the Cognitive with Agent-Based Modeling
Authors: Shaw Lynette 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of agent-based modeling (ABM), a computational method that allows researchers to simulate how macro-level phenomena spontaneously arise from micro-level interactions, and examines how sociologists might apply it to chart the emergence of cultural phenomena from individual cognitive processing. After providing some historical context for the concepts of “emergence” and the “micro-to-macro” transition in social theory and summarizing contributions ABM has already made in this arena, this work makes a case for how cognitive sociology might employ ABM toward the end of developing new, nonrational microfoundations for social theory and lays out the argument for why it should. The chapter concludes by offering a brief introduction to the basics of ABM design along with an overview of resources available to researchers interested in getting started with it.
Foregrounding and Backgrounding
Authors: Zerubavel Eviatar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the sociocognitive act of subverting the conventional semiotic asymmetry between what we culturally mark and what is habitually left unmarked and thereby assumed by default and thus taken for granted. Focusing on the mental processes of foregrounding and backgrounding (both separately and when they are combined), it highlights the politics of cognition as manifested in art, humor, academia, as well as everyday life.
War Widows and Welfare Queens
Authors: Battle Brittany Pearl 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the sociocognitive dimensions of cultural categorizations of deservingness. The social issue of poverty has been a persistent source of debate in the American system of policy development, influenced by conceptual distinctions between the “haves” and “have-nots,” “working moms” and “unemployed dads,” and the “deserving poor” and the “undeserving poor.” Although there is a wealth of literature discussing the ideological underpinnings of stratification systems, these discussions often focus on categorical distinctions between the poor and the nonpoor, with much less discussion of distinctions made among the poor. Moreover, while scholars of culture and policy have long referenced the importance of cultural categories of worthiness in policy development, the theoretical significance of these distinctions has been largely understudied. I expand the discourse on the relationship between cultural representations of worth and social welfare policy by exploring how these categories are conceptualized. Drawing on analytical tools from a sociology of perception framework, I create a model that examines deservingness along continuums of morality and eligibility to highlight the taken-for-granted cultural subtleties that shape perceptions of the poor. I focus on social filters created by norms of poverty, welfare, and the family to explore how the deserving are differentiated from the undeserving.
Cognitive Migrations
Authors: DeGloma Thomas , Johnston Erin F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the ways individuals account for cognitive migrations—significant changes of mind and consciousness that are often expressed as powerful discoveries, transformative experiences, and newly embraced worldviews. It outlines three ideal typical forms of cognitive migration: awakenings, self-actualizations, and ongoing quests. Building on prior approaches to such personal transformations, it develops the notion of cognitive migration to argue the following set of interrelated points. First, cognitive migrations take autobiographical form, which is to say they manifest as the narrative identity work of individuals who undergo them. Second, such narrative identity work provides a reflexive foundation for an individual’s understanding of self and identity in relation to other possible selves and identities—for seeing oneself as a relationally situated character. Third, individuals who articulate cognitive migrations use the plot structure and cultural coding at the root of their narratives to express their allegiance to a new sociomental community. They thereby take on new cognitive norms and identity-defining conventions while rejecting potential alternatives, locating themselves within a broader sociomental field. The spatial metaphor of cognitive migrations draws explicit attention to the broader sociomental field in which such radical changes of mind take place. Finally, such narrative identity work links self-understandings to the often-contested meanings of broadly relevant issues, events, and experiences; when individuals account for their cognitive migrations, they also advance claims that reach well-beyond their personal lives.
Silence and Collective Memory
Authors: Vinitzky-Seroussi Vered , Teeger Chana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter elaborates on prior work to outline the role of silence not only in forgetting but also in memory. It documents two forms of silence: overt silence and covert silence and discusses how each can be used to enhance either memory or forgetting. In its overt manifestations, silence is characterized by a complete absence of speech. Such silence can foster forgetting by obliterating any mention of particular events or people. Overt silences, however, can also foster memory by demarcating a sacred space for quiet contemplation. Covert silences, on the other hand, inhere in—and are often veiled by—much mnemonic talk. These silences are found in commemorative activities where agents of memory want to recollect the past while minimizing its potentially conflictual elements. They can also be used by agents of forgetting who wish to erase the past while presenting the appearance of commemorating it. The chapter concludes by discussing the various ways in which each of these forms of silence can be broken. In outlining these processes, it highlights the central role played by silence in both collective memory and forgetting.
The Old One-Two
Authors: Vaisey Stephen , Frye Margaret 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter argues that an important item on the agenda for the ongoing dialogue between cognitive scientists and microsociologists is how to replace Cartesian mind-body dualism. Although it takes the position that strict mind-body dualism should be laid to rest, it argues that replacing this dichotomy with a holistic theory risks making it harder for researchers to see analytic distinctions that make a real difference. It uses examples from Loïc Wacquant’s Body and Soul to illustrate the argument that sociologists should replace the old dualism with a new, improved one that incorporates cognitive science regarding differences between habitual, embodied cognition and intentional, discursive cognition. This will help microsociologists and cognitive scientists be in the best possible position to understand, enrich, and improve each other’s work.
Critical Factors and Forces Influencing Higher Education in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Drew Antony , Redding Gordon , Harley Trevor 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis chapter acts as a bridge between the previous chapters which focus on education and societal evolution plus the main types of university seen in terms of strategic autonomy; and the following chapters which address the large-scale global changes and their operational implications, the management of universities in the new conditions, and the societal implications of the changing world of higher education. This chapter adopts a strategic management perspective to highlight the critical factors and forces affecting HE now and into the foreseeable future. By examining the external environment in terms of both the macro (external) environment and meso (more immediate) environment, it highlights the key factors and forces of which policy makers, government officials, leaders and managers in universities, industry and civic society need to be cognizant, if they are to ensure HE continues to be relevant to the twenty-first century.
Scholarship in the University
Authors: Barnett Ronald 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The very idea of scholarship has taken something of a battering over recent years. In parallel, the term ‘scholarship’ itself—in the English language—has also faltered. This chapter explores this phenomenon but also examines the prospects for its re-energizing. Could it be that even if scholarship is becoming invisible at the moment, it might yet become more evident? The idea of scholarship is waning but perhaps it can emerge again as a possibly significant form of academic endeavour. It might even flower anew. That is the possibility that this chapter shall pursue here, and shall do so by advancing an idea of ecological scholarship.
Education and Technological Unemployment in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Peters Michael A. , Jandrić Petar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the rapidly growing body of research around technological unemployment and asks: What is the role of higher education in the digital age when technological unemployment becomes the rule rather than the exception? It shows that educational solutions based on the concepts of human capital and homo economicus are unable to resolve the problem of technological unemployment, and concludes that contemporary education requires a non-supercessionist approach based on the figure of homo collaborans which fundamentally rethinks the concepts of work, education, and research. Finally, it blends the ‘open model of the digital university’ and the model of ‘creative university as digital public university’ with recent insights into technological unemployment and develops the non-supercessionist ‘model of education for the Fourth Industrial Revolution’ which may serve as a useful point of departure for further discussions in the field.
Educating for the Innovative Society
Authors: Krishna Venni V. , Chandra Nimesh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe growth and contribution of the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) from the 1950s symbolizes the foresight of a developing nation for educating a special cadre of engineering professionals towards building a modern, industrial society. Drawing inspiration from MIT, these institutes have given top priority to the selection of faculty and as well as students through a nationwide competitive examination. Though IITs constitute a small part of the higher education landscape, they play a very significant part in the knowledge-based society. One sector where IITs have made substantial contribution is information and communication technology (ICT) and related segments. IIT brand image became globally known through its alumni contribution in Silicon Valley. In India, IITs are seen as model institutions to be emulated not only in building a culture of research and innovation, but also in the modes of knowledge technology transfer and university–industry relationships.
Recent Trends in East and West University Governance
Authors: Donleavy Gabriel , Chen Kuan-Cheng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The universities in Hong Kong grew to have strong autonomy and academic freedom within the British tradition of the state-contracted university. China is now subtly pressuring them to conform to the Chinese HE ideal of the state-controlled hollow type. Tensions result as the incremental adjustments have been perceived by many scholars as subversive. In China a dual leadership system protects both the academic and the Party interests. In Hong Kong such a formula would appear to be in the making over time. There are different implications for the utilitarian sciences and potentially political humanities. The loss of societal openness in Hong Kong is matched by another form of hollowing in the West, where market-funded consumer-driven ‘skills factories’ now host a contest between traditional scholarship and managerialism.
Cycles of Evolution of Ideal Types of Universities
Authors: Gudkova Svetlana , Pikos Anna , Guminska Valentyna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHigher education across the globe is undergoing changes resulting from globalization, demographics, external pressure, and digital transformation. Polish universities are going through a process of transformation as well. They are yet to face significant challenges related to e.g. the increasing demographic low, problems with financing their activity, or the growing competition in the education services market. Universities have to become innovative and entrepreneurial to survive and compete effectively globally. An analysis of selected universities from Poland shows that they appear to be oriented towards e.g. serving the society, entrepreneurship, and establishing relationships with their environment. This suggests that there is a shift towards the entrepreneurial university model. But Polish universities, especially public ones, have little awareness of their strengths, which is a consequence of the model of higher education applied until recently.
Electronic cigarette use and suicidal behaviors among adolescents
Authors: Kim J S , Kim K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the use of e-cigarettes, which are regarded as alternatives to traditional cigarettes and are easy to purchase, with suicidal behaviors in adolescents.

Methods
Data for 5405 middle and high school students aged 13–18 years who had used e-cigarettes were extracted from the 2016 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey and analyzed using multiple logistic regression.

Results
Among those who used e-cigarettes for 1–30 days in the past 30 days, suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.58, 95% CI, 1.31–1.89), suicidal plans (OR = 2.44, 95% CI, 1.94–3.08), suicidal attempts (OR = 2.44, 95% CI, 1.85–3.22) and serious attempts (OR = 3.09, 95% CI, 1.51–6.32) were higher compared to those who did not use an e-cigarette in the past 30 days.

Conclusions
Suicidal behaviors are significantly higher among current adolescent e-cigarette smokers than adolescents who have not used an e-cigarette in the past 30 days. Therefore, comprehensive intervention is needed to protect adolescents’ mental health.
Depth and location influence prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial community structure in New Zealand fjords
Authors: Tobias-Hünefeldt Sven P. , Wing Stephen R. , Espinel-Velasco Nadjejda , Baltar Federico , Morales Sergio E. 
Published: June 2019

SummarySystems with strong horizontal and vertical gradients, such as fjords, are useful models for studying environmental forcing. Here we examine microbial (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) community changes associated with the surface low salinity layer (LSL) and underlying seawater in multiple fjords in Fiordland National Park (New Zealand). High rainfall (1200-8000 mm annually) and linked runoff from native forested catchments results in surface LSLs with high tannin concentrations within each fjord. These gradients are expected to drive changes in microbial communities. We used amplicon sequencing (16S and 18S) to assess the impact of these gradients on microbial communities and identified depth linked changes in diversity and community structure. With increasing depth we observed significant increases in Proteobacteria (15%) and SAR (37%), decreases in Opisthokonta (35%), and transiently increased Bacteroidetes (3% increase from 0 to 40 m, decreasing by 8% at 200 m). Community structure differences were observed along a transect from inner to outer regions, specifically 25% mean relative abundance decreases in Opisthokonta and Bacteroidetes, and increases in SAR (25%) and Proteobacteria (>5%) at the surface, indicating changes based on distance from the ocean. This provides the first in-depth view into the ecological drivers of microbial communities within New Zealand fjords.
Genetic and functional diversification of chemosensory pathway receptors in mosquito-borne filarial nematodes
Authors: Wheeler Nicolas J , Heimark Zachary W , Airs Paul M , Mann Alexis , Bartholomay Lyric C , Zamanian Mostafa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLymphatic filariasis (LF) afflicts over 60 million people worldwide and leads to severe pathological outcomes in chronic cases. The nematode parasites (Nematoda: Filarioidea) that cause LF require both arthropod (mosquito) intermediate hosts and mammalian definitive hosts for their propagation. The invasion and migration of filarial worms through host tissues are complex and critical to survival, yet little is known about the receptors and signaling pathways that mediate directed migration in these medically important species. In order to better understand the role of chemosensory signaling in filarial worm taxis, we employ comparative genomics, transcriptomics, reverse genetics, and chemical approaches to identify putative chemosensory receptor proteins and perturb chemotaxis phenotypes in filarial worms. We find that chemoreceptor family size is correlated with the presence of environmental (extra-host) stages in nematode life cycles, and that filarial worms contain a compact and highly-diverged chemoreceptor complement and lineage-specific ion channels that are predicted to operate downstream of chemoreceptor activation. InBrugia malayi, an etiological agent of LF, chemoreceptor expression patterns correspond to distinct parasite migration events across the life cycle. To interrogate the role of chemosensation in the migration of larval worms, arthropod infectious stage (microfilariae) and mammalian infectious stage (L3)Brugiaparasites were incubated in nicotinamide, an agonist of the nematode transient receptor potential (TRP) channel OSM-9. Exposure of microfilariae to nicotinamide alters intra-mosquito migration while exposure of L3s reduces chemotaxis towards host-associated cuesin vitro. Nicotinamide also potently modulates thermosensory responses in L3s, suggesting a polymodal sensory role forBrugia osm-9. Reverse genetic studies implicate bothBrugia osm-9and the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel subunittax-4in larval chemotaxis towards host serum, and these ion channel subunits rescue sensory defects inC. elegans osm-9andtax-4knock-out strains. Together, these data reveal genetic and functional diversification of chemosensory signaling proteins in filarial worms, and encourage a more thorough investigation of clade and parasite-specific facets of nematode sensory receptor biology.
A MALDI-MS biotyping-like method to address honey bee health status through computational modelling
Authors: Arafah Karim , Voisin Sébastien Nicolas , Masson Victor , Alaux Cédric , Le Conte Yves , Bocquet Michel , Bulet Philippe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmong pollinator insects, bees undoubtedly account for the most important species. They play a critical role in boosting reproduction of wild and commercial plants and therefore contribute to the maintenance of plant biodiversity and sustainability of food webs. In the last few decades, domesticated and wild bees have been subjected to biotic and abiotic threats, alone or in combination, causing various health disorders. Therefore, monitoring solutions to improve bee health are increasingly necessary. MALDI mass spectrometry has emerged within this decade as a powerful technology to biotype micro-organisms. This method is currently and routinely used in clinical diagnosis where molecular mass fingerprints corresponding to major protein signatures are matched against databases for real-time identification. Based on this strategy, we developed MALDI BeeTyping as a proof of concept to monitor significant hemolymph molecular changes in honey bees upon infection with a series of entomopathogenic Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. ASerratia marcescensstrain isolated from one “naturally” infected honey bee collected from the field was also considered. We performed a series of individually recorded hemolymph molecular mass fingerprints and built, to our knowledge, the first computational model made of nine molecular signatures with a predictive score of 97.92%. Hence, we challenged our model by classifying a training set of individual bees’ hemolymph and obtained overall recognition of 91.93%. Through this work, we aimed at introducing a novel, realistic, and time-saving high-throughput biotyping-like strategy that addresses honey bee health in infectious conditions and on an individual scale through direct “blood tests”.Significance StatementDomesticated and wild bees worldwide represent the most active and valuable pollinators that ensure plant biodiversity and the success of many crops. These pollinators and others are exposed to deleterious pathogens and environmental stressors. Despite efforts to better understand how these threats affect honey bee health status, solutions are still crucially needed to help beekeepers, scientists and stakeholders in obtaining either a prognosis, an early diagnosis or a diagnosis of the health status of the apiaries. In this study, we describe a new method to investigate honey bee health by a simple “blood test” using fingerprints of some peptides/proteins as health status signatures. By computer modelling, we automated the identification of infected bees with a predictive score of 97.92%.