bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning throughout life<p>Aprendendo ao longo da vida
Authors: Tena María José Flores 
Published: February 2018

The research presents the progressive increase of lifelong education and its influence on the paradigm of socio-educational inclusion.Today's society is characterized by the increasing aspiration and demand for activities of social promotion and personal development, that is, activities that tend to reinforce the social fabric in their human and community values, in the elimination of solitude or increase the quality of life, through the full enjoyment of civil rights, common cultural goods or participation in the opportunities offered by public and community life.Training, leisure, tourism, use of the internet as a tool of knowledge and communication, social participation. These new social behaviors can be an opportunity to build a more cohesive and supportive society, without generational breaches. And this line, attention to diversity and its inclusive processes, seeks to expand its reach, generating intergenerational spaces.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ResumoA pesquisa apresenta o aumento progressivo da educação ao longo da vida e sua influência no paradigma da inclusão sócio-educacional.A sociedade de hoje caracteriza-se pela crescente aspiração e demanda de atividades de promoção social e desenvolvimento pessoal, isto é, atividades que tendem a reforçar o tecido social em seus valores humanos e comunitários, na eliminação da solidão ou aumento a qualidade de vida, através do pleno gozo dos direitos civis, dos bens culturais comuns ou da participação nas oportunidades oferecidas pela vida pública e comunitária.Treinamento, lazer, turismo, uso da internet como ferramenta de conhecimento e comunicação, participação social. Esses novos comportamentos sociais podem ser uma oportunidade para construir uma sociedade mais coesa e solidária, sem brechas generacionais. E esta linha, a atenção à diversidade e seus processos inclusivos, procura expandir seu alcance, gerando espaços intergeracionais.
The evolutionary ecology of interactive synchronism: the illusion of the optimal phenotype
Authors: Martins Rogério Parentoni , Tidon Rosana , Diniz-Filho José Alexandre Felizola 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this article, we discuss some ecological-evolutionary strategies that allow synchronization of organisms, resources, and conditions. Survival and reproduction require synchronization of life cycles of organisms with favourable environmental and ecological features and conditions. This interactive synchronization can occur directly, through pairwise or diffuse co-evolution, or indirectly, for example, as a result of actions of ecosystem engineers and facilitator species. Observations of specific interactions, especially those which have coevolved, may give the false impression that evolution results in optimal genotypes or phenotypes. However, some phenotypes may arise under evolutionary constraints, such as simultaneous evolution of multiple traits, lack of a chain of fit transitional forms leading to an optimal phenotype, or by limits inherent in the process of selection, set by the number of selective deaths and by interference between linked variants. Although there are no optimal phenotypes, optimization models applied to particular species may be useful for a better understanding of the nature of adaptations. The evolution of adaptive strategies results in variable life histories. These strategies can minimize adverse impacts on the fitness of extreme or severe environmental conditions on survival and reproduction, and may include reproductive strategies such as semelparity and iteroparity, or morphological, physiological, or behavioural traits such as diapause, seasonal polyphenism, migration, or bet-hedging. However, natural selection cannot indefinitely maintain intra-population variation, and lack of variation can ultimately extinguish populations.
Rapid crystallization and mesophase formation of poly(L-lactic acid) during precipitation from a solution
Authors: Syazwan Muhammad , Sasaki Takashi 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Very rapid crystallization behaviors of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) are observed at room temperature when it is precipitated from a chloroform solution into a large amount of alcohols (non-solvents). The resulting crystalline phase contains both a highly ordered (α) and less ordered (α′) modifications, and the fraction of these phases depends on the alcohols used as the non-solvents: methanol tends to produce the highly ordered phase. The degree of crystallinity tends to be high for lower alcohols. When the precipitation occurs in n-hexane, almost no crystalline phase is formed, but a mesomorphic phase is formed as a precursor to the crystalline phase. The results suggest that the hydroxyl group of alcohols tends to promote the crystallization of PLLA. However, it is found that the precipitation in methanol at lower temperatures, such as 0°C, does not yield any crystalline phase. It is suggested that the present rapid crystallization during precipitation originates from the enhanced mobility of PLLA molecules in a metastable (non-equilibrium) liquid state.
The role of (auto)-phosphorylation in the complex activation mechanism of LRRK2
Authors: Athanasopoulos Panagiotis S. , Heumann Rolf , Kortholt Arjan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Mutations in human leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) have been found to be the most frequent cause of late-onset Parkinson’s Disease (PD). LRRK2 is a large protein with two enzymatic domains, a GTPase and a kinase domain. A cluster of (auto)-phosphorylation sites within the N-terminus of LRRK2 have been shown to be crucial for the localization of LRRK2 and is important for PD pathogenesis. In addition, phosphorylation of sites within the G-domain of the protein affect GTPase activity. Here we discuss the role of these (auto)-phosphorylation sites of LRRK2 and their regulation by phosphatases and upstream kinases.
Effects of dizocilpine-induced glutamatergic blockade in the nucleus accumbens septi on the plus maze test
Authors: Gargiulo Augusto P.I. , Gargiulo De Aranda María P. , Gargiulo Mercedes M.L. , Gargiulo Angel J.M. , Acuña Andres , Baiardi Gustavo C. , Lafuente José V. , Landa De Gargiulo Adriana I. , Guevara Manuel A. , Gargiulo Pascual A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background:
In previous studies, we have observed that specific N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) antagonists and non-NMDA antagonists injected within the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) induced an anxiolytic-like effect in the plus maze test in rats. In the present study, the effect of intracanalicular blockade of NMDA receptors using dizocilpine in the plus maze was studied in male rats bilaterally cannulated NAS.

Methods:
Rats were divided into five groups that received either 1 μL injections of saline or dizocilpine (MK-801, [5R,10S]-[+]-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine) in different doses (0.5, 1, 2, or 4 μg) 15 min before testing.

Results:
Time spent in the open arm increased under dizocilpine treatment with the two higher doses (2 and 4 μg, p<0.05), extreme arrivals were increased by the three higher doses (1 μg, p<0.05; 2 and 4 μg, p<0.01), and open arm entries by the three higher doses (1, 2, and 4 μg, p<0.05). A dose-effect relationship was observed in all cases.

Conclusions:
We conclude that dizocilpine-glutamatergic blockade in the accumbens lead to an anxiolytic-like effect and a behavioral disinhibition related to an increase in some motoric parameters, showing specific behavioral patterns.
An inverse problem in elastography involving Lamé systems
Authors: Fernández-Cara Enrique , Maestre Faustino 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper deals with some inverse problems for the linear elasticity system with origin in elastography:
we try to identify the material coefficients from some extra information on
(a part of) the boundary.
In our main result, we assume that the total variation of the coefficient matrix is a priori bounded.
We reformulate the problem as the minimization of a function in an appropriate constraint set.
We prove that this extremal problem possesses at least one solution with the help of some regularity results.
Two crucial ingredients are a Meyers-like theorem that holds in the context of linear elasticity and a nonlinear interpolation result by Luc Tartar.
We also perform some numerical experiments that provide satisfactory results.
To this end, we apply the Augmented Lagrangian algorithm, completed with a limited-memory BFGS subalgorithm.
Finally, on the basis of these experiments, we illustrate the influence of the starting guess and the errors in the data on the behavior of the iterates.
The Deferral of Attacks: SP/A Theory as a Model of Terrorist Choice when Losses Are Inevitable
Authors: Phillips Peter J. , Pohl Gabriela 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhen a terrorist group’s aspirations far exceed the outcomes that can be expected to result from any of the available attack methods, an outcome below the terrorist group’s aspiration level is inevitable. A primary prediction of SP/A theory when applied to the study of terrorist behaviour is that when losses are inevitable the terrorist group will be risk averse and inclined to defer further action until expected outcomes improve, new attack method innovations are developed or the memory of the event that shaped aspirations has faded sufficiently that the aspiration level can be ‘reset’. This complements existing predictions of loss aversion and risk seeking behaviour over the domain of avoidable losses and provides a starting point for developing explanations for patterns of behaviour that are observed in the terrorism context, including pauses in violence, even during brutality contests, and time-lags between terrorist attacks.
Sterbebettphänomen
Authors: Reisinger Margarete , Schärli-Purtschert Marianne 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Sterbende Menschen kommunizieren Wahrnehmungen von bereits verstorbenen Angehörigen, erzählen von schönen Orten und davon, dass sie nun eine Reise unternehmen werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wird in Fachveröffentlichungen häufig vom „Sterbebettphänomen“ gesprochen. Es handelt sich hierbei um nahtodähnliche paranormale Manifestationen, Visionen und Wahrnehmungen. Im Gegensatz zu Träumen oder zu Visionen werden diese jedoch hyperreal erlebt: Die Sterbebettphänomene erscheinen intensiver und wirklicher als die normale Realität. Dieses Phänomen ist noch unklar definiert und wenig bekannt. Seine Bedeutung hinsichtlich der damit verbundenen Wahrnehmungen für die sterbenden Menschen sowie für die Erfahrungen und das Verständnis des betreuenden Pflegefachpersonals und einer möglichen pflegerischen Unterstützung der sterbenden Menschen mit Sterbebettphänomenen ist bisher kaum geklärt. Dieser Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse von Experteninterviews in verschiedenen Bereichen von Palliative Care zusammen. Es wird deutlich, dass Sterbebettphänomene Monate bis Minuten vor dem Tod, meistens jedoch innerhalb von 24 Stunden vor dem Versterben auftreten können. Der Sterbeprozess wird dadurch von Gefühlen des Friedens, der Ruhe und von Liebe geprägt, Ängste vor dem Tod werden genommen. Das Pflegefachpersonal reagiert aus Unsicherheit oft mit Abneigung gegenüber dem Sterbebettphänomen. Es fällt ihm daher schwer, auf die betroffenen Patientinnen und Patienten einzugehen. Das Sterbebettphänomen lässt sich oftmals eindeutig vom Delir differenzieren. Schlussfolgernd lässt sich feststellen, dass Sterbebettphänomene als ein möglicher und wichtiger Teil des Sterbeprozesses zu betrachten sind. Die sterbenden Menschen erkennen in ihnen eine tiefe spirituelle Bedeutung und erfahren Trost. Für das Pflegefachpersonal werden spezielle Schulungen im Rahmen von Aus- und Weiterbildungen benötigt. Zudem ist ein regelmäßiger Austausch im Team erstrebenswert.
The Global Class Action and Its Alternatives
Authors: Clopton Zachary D. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The “American-style” class action, when combined with private rights, is an important tool of American regulatory policy. And just as American regulation has global reach, the global class action is not unfamiliar to U.S. courts. Yet, global U.S. class actions are facing ever-stronger headwinds. In addition to the recent retrenchment of class actions and international litigation generally, U.S. courts have raised additional barriers to global class actions in particular. This Article’s first goal, therefore, is to document these developments and their consequences for regulation. Against this backdrop, this Article also reviews the options available to foreign lawmakers, foreign courts, foreign litigants and litigation funders, and foreign public enforcers. Foreign lawmakers may provide alternatives to global U.S. class actions; foreign courts and foreign litigants may explicitly or implicitly coordinate to approximate global class resolution; and foreign public enforcers may achieve the goals of global regulatory litigation while avoiding some of its legal impediments. Finally, this Article evaluates these various foreign responses from an institutional perspective, with special attention to the institutional incentives for lawmakers and law enforcers.
Class Actions in the United States and Israel: A Comparative Approach
Authors: Klement Alon , Klonoff Robert 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Unlike most countries, the United States and Israel have employed the class action procedure for decades. This Article compares the two countries’ class action regimes and examines how the device has evolved in those countries. It examines the current procedures, as well as proposed reforms. It also compares class action statistics in the two countries relating to filings and outcomes. We demonstrate the many common features between the United States and Israeli class action procedures. As we illustrate, these common features have led to robust class action practices in both countries. At the same time, there are profound differences between the types of class actions filed and their outcomes. Thus, while Israel has many more class actions than the United States on a per capita basis, the cases are much less consequential from a monetary and subject matter perspective. We explore possible explanations for these observations. Furthermore, this study identifies features — utilized by the United States and Israel — that can serve as models for other countries that are adopting or amending their own class action regimes.
Class Action Value
Authors: Piché Catherine 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This Article attempts to clarify a proposition of certain Canadian authors that while class actions represent a significant part of our court activities, they may not truly be compensating our citizens. I argue that leading up to the present study, we did not know for certain whether a class action was an effective mechanism to compensate class members. Through empirical data collected up by the Class Actions Lab from the past twelve years from cases filed in the province of Quebec, District of Montreal, analyzed through the lens of a collective approach to compensation, I demonstrate that Quebec citizens are in fact being compensated by class actions.
When Pragmatism Leads to Unintended Consequences: A Critique of Australia’s Unique Closed Class Regime
Authors: Waye Vicki , Morabito Vince 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In an effort to ensure access to justice, Australian courts have fashioned a unique hybrid opt in-opt out process known as “closed classes.” The rationale that underlies closed classes is to prevent free-riding that may undercut the position of funders and class action law firms reliant upon entering into agreements with a critical mass of class members. However, multiple closed classes also pose problems for respondents seeking the comfort of finality. To secure settlement and thus ultimately benefit participating class members, Australian courts have formulated a procedure whereby the closed class is opened and nonparticipating class members are invited to either register their claims or opt out so that thereafter those who do not register and those who opt out are effectively precluded by res judicata from making further related claims. We argue that Australian courts’ support of closed classes, while driven by pragmatism, has produced unintended consequences. Many relate to the ethical dilemmas faced by class action law firms and litigation funders seeking to advance the interests of participating class members over and above those of nonparticipating class members. The Full Federal Court has recently approved an alternative common fund approach. However, questions remain as to whether Australian courts are appropriately equipped to measure and compare the alternative transaction costs associated with the current and proposed approach, and whether they are appropriately equipped to determine the commercial rectitude and fairness of litigation funding agreements.
Characterization of Trinuclear Oxo Bridged Cobalt Complexes in Isolation
Authors: Lang Johannes , Fries Daniela V. , Niedner-Schatteburg Gereon 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This study elucidates molecular structures, fragmentation pathways and relative stabilities of isolated trinuclear oxo bridged cobalt complexes of the structural type [Co3O(OAc)6(Py)n]+ (OAc=acetate, Py=pyridine, n=0, 1, 2, 3). We present infrared multiple photon dissociation (IR-MPD) spectra in combination with quantum chemical calculations. They indicate that the coordination of axial pyridine ligands to the [Co3O(OAc)6]+ subunit disturbs the triangular geometry of the Co3O core. [Co3O(OAc)6]+ exhibits a nearly equilateral triangular Co3O core geometry. The coordination of one or two pyridine ligands disturbs this arrangement resulting in isosceles triangular Co3O core geometries (in the cases of n=1 and 2). Coordination of three pyridine ligands (n=3) results in an equilateral triangular Co3O core geometry as in the case of n=0. Collision induced dissociation (CID) studies reveal that the complexes undergo a consecutive elimination of pyridine and acetate ligands with increasing excitation energy. Relative stabilities of the complexes decrease with the number of coordinated pyridine ligands. The presented results help to gain a fundamental insight into the molecular structure of trinuclear oxo bridged cobalt complexes void of any external effects such as crystal packing or solvation.
Reckoning Informal Politics: Expands the Logic of Survival and Failure of Regional Heads
Authors: Sobari Wawan 
Published: February 2018

<p align="left">The qualitative research addresses the political logic of why and how the incumbents succeed and fail in direct election for regional heads (pilkada) in emerging democratic Indonesia. De Mesquita et al. (2003) believe that, to survive in office, a leader needs to offer a benefit at least equal to the greatest possible benefit offered by a potential challenger. Particular to the pilkada cases in Indonesia, Erb and Sulistiyanto (2009) elaborate several factors connected to “reward and punishment” logic that may lead to the incumbents’ survival and failure in re-election bids. This study expands the logic by revealing that populism, rivalry, and tangibility are the core strategies for the successful incumbents in retaining their offices in four rural and urban regions in East Java. Particularly, the survival of an incumbent hinges on his capacity to manage rivalry risks, namely the capability to manage support and opposition both from formal and informal actors through fair or unfair means. These strategies, then, foster the success of patronage-based winning tactics to retain public office in the pilkada. To better assessment, it calls for the importance of democratic accountability as a complementary perspective (to consolidology) in measuring the progress of democracy in the country. </p>
SINIF I. DİV.1 ÇEKİMLİ VAKALARIN TEDAVİ İLE CİNSLER ARASI ÇİĞNEME PATERNLERİ VE OKLÜZYON DEĞİŞİMİ.
Authors: GİRAY Bilgin 
Published: February 2018

Amaç: Amaç: Çalışmamız Cinsler
arası çiğneme paternlerinin çekimli ve
çekimsiz Klas II.Div.1 vakalarında
ortodontik tedavi ile altıncı
ayında görülen değişikliklerin incelenmesidirGereç ve Yöntemler:Büyüme
ve gelişimi kısmen bitmiş tedavi olmak istiyen kronolojik yaş ortalaması 16.8
yaş olan Klas II.Div.1 maloklüzyonlu
n=31 bireyde altı ay aralıkla yapılan
prospektif klinik çalışmadır. Bu araştırmamızda ; a) n=18 çekimsiz klas II Div.1. b) Çekimli KlasII.Div1
n=13 c) Klas II.Div.1 n= 7 Erkek +n=6
Kızdan oluşan tedavi gören maloklüzyonlu bireylerdir. Çekim yapılan grup da tedavi amacıyla alt ,üst çenede 4 no lu
dişler çekilmiştir.Bulgular:: Tedavinin
başlangıçında Çekimsiz ile çekimli grup
arasında Maximum
interküspal posizyon sol (MxlntlTSCANT0)
Maximum total Kuvvet/zaman saniye bir
ilişki (P&lt;0.05) görülmüştür. Aynı ilişki Sağ tarafta Maximum interküspal
posizyon (MxlntRTSCANT) da görülmüştürSonuçlar:: Çekimli Class II Div 1
vakalarında Tedavinin altı aylık periodunda Oklüzyon ,çiğneme performasyonu ve
JVA ile TMD (temporamandibular disorder)
arasında her bir etkenin doğrudan bir korelasyon göstermemiştir. Ancak tedavi
ve gelişim ile cinsler arası değişim
görülmedi ise de İhtiyatlı yaklaşılarak
ilerliyen zaman periodunda, tedavi sonu
ve retansiyon sonunda da gözlenmelidirAnahtar Kelimeler:: Oklüzyon, TMD,JVA
Fulbright English Teaching Assistants: preparação conjunta de aulas e codeswitching numa comunidade de prática do programa idiomas sem fronteiras
Authors: Kirsch William , Sarmento Simone 
Published: February 2018

This article discusses codeswitching in a community of practice generated by the Languages without Borders Program in a large public university in Southern Brazil. The corpus presented in this article consists of a synoptic chart with the description of 15 events involving at least one English Teaching Assistant (ETA) and has codeswitching as an integral feature, as well as the transcription ofone prototypical interactional event in which codeswitching happens. Ourinterpretation of the data suggests that (1) codeswitching is a central resource in these interactions, and that (2) these interactions seem to culminate in: (a) student teachers practicing and learning English and English-speaking culture from the ETAs, (b) ETAs practicing and learning Portuguese and Brazilian culture from the student teachers. In addition to that, codeswitching seems to be a style that demonstrates engagement in the community.
Effect of adding Au nanoparticles to TiO2 films on crystallization, phase transformation, and photocatalysis
Authors: Wada Noriyuki , Yokomizo Yuji , Yogi Chihiro , Katayama Misaki , Tanaka Atsuhiro , Kojima Kazuo , Inada Yasuhiro , Ozutsumi Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2018

Abstract