bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘PhenoBox’, a flexible, automated, open‐source plant phenotyping solution
Authors: Czedik‐Eysenberg Angelika , Seitner Sebastian , Güldener Ulrich , Koemeda Stefanie , Jez Jakub , Colombini Martin , Djamei Armin 
Published: April 2018

Summary

There is a need for flexible and affordable plant phenotyping solutions for basic research and plant breeding.

We demonstrate our open source plant imaging and processing solution (‘PhenoBox’/‘PhenoPipe’) and provide construction plans, source code and documentation to rebuild the system. Use of the PhenoBox is exemplified by studying infection of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon by the head smut fungus Ustilago bromivora, comparing phenotypic responses of maize to infection with a solopathogenic Ustilago maydis (corn smut) strain and effector deletion strains, and studying salt stress response in Nicotiana benthamiana.

In U. bromivora‐infected grass, phenotypic differences between infected and uninfected plants were detectable weeks before qualitative head smut symptoms. Based on this, we could predict the infection outcome for individual plants with high accuracy. Using a PhenoPipe module for calculation of multi‐dimensional distances from phenotyping data, we observe a time after infection‐dependent impact of U. maydis effector deletion strains on phenotypic response in maize. The PhenoBox/PhenoPipe system is able to detect established salt stress responses in N. benthamiana.

We have developed an affordable, automated, open source imaging and data processing solution that can be adapted to various phenotyping applications in plant biology and beyond.
Accelerated diversification is related to life history and locomotion in a hyperdiverse lineage of microbial eukaryotes (Diatoms, Bacillariophyta)
Authors: Nakov Teofil , Beaulieu Jeremy M. , Alverson Andrew J. 
Published: April 2018

Summary

Patterns of species richness are commonly linked to life history strategies. In diatoms, an exceptionally diverse lineage of photosynthetic heterokonts important for global photosynthesis and burial of atmospheric carbon, lineages with different locomotory and reproductive traits differ dramatically in species richness, but any potential association between life history strategy and diversification has not been tested in a phylogenetic framework.

We constructed a time‐calibrated, 11‐gene, 1151‐taxon phylogeny of diatoms – the most inclusive diatom species tree to date. We used this phylogeny, together with a comprehensive inventory of first–last occurrences of Cenozoic fossil diatoms, to estimate ranges of expected species richness, diversification and its variation through time and across lineages.

Diversification rates varied with life history traits. Although anisogamous lineages diversified faster than oogamous ones, this increase was restricted to a nested clade with active motility in the vegetative cells.

We propose that the evolution of motility in vegetative cells, following an earlier transition from oogamy to anisogamy, facilitated outcrossing and improved utilization of habitat complexity, ultimately leading to enhanced opportunity for adaptive divergence across a variety of novel habitats. Together, these contributed to a species radiation that gave rise to the majority of present‐day diatom diversity.
Socio‐cultural and economic determinants and consequences of adolescent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in LLMICs: a systematic narrative review
Authors: Madjdian Dónya S. , Azupogo Fusta , Osendarp Saskia J.M. , Bras Hilde , Brouwer Inge D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdolescent undernutrition is a persisting public health problem in low and lower middle income countries (LLMICs). Nutritional trajectories are complexly interrelated with socio‐cultural and economic (SCE) trajectories. However, a synthesis of the SCE determinants or consequences of undernutrition in adolescents is lacking. We undertook a narrative review of published literature to provide a narrative overview of the SCE determinants and consequences associated with undernutrition among adolescents in LLMICs. We identified 98 articles from PubMed, SCOPUS, and CAB‐Abstracts on determinants and consequences of undernutrition as defined by stunting, underweight, thinness, and micronutrient deficiencies. At the individual level, significant determinants included age, sex, birth order, religion, ethnicity, educational and literacy level, working status, and marital status. At the household level, parental education and occupation, household size and composition, income, socioeconomic status, and resources were associated with undernutrition. Only a few determinants at the community/environmental level, including residence, sanitation, school type, and seasonality, were identified. The consequences of adolescent undernutrition were mostly related to education and cognition. This review underscores the importance of the broad range of context‐specific SCE factors at several levels that influence adolescent nutritional status and shows that further research on SCE consequences of undernutrition is needed.
A cross‐sectional analysis of Wits and Riedel in adults with skeletal III malocclusion: How informative are they?
Authors: Oliver G. R. , Grimes K. , Pandis N. , Fleming P. S. 
Published: April 2018

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo compare the relationship between Riedel and Wits appraisal in skeletal III malocclusions and to assess the effect of variation in the vertical skeletal measurements.Setting and Sample PopulationOne‐hundred and twenty consecutive subjects with Class III malocclusions attending orthognathic clinics were analysed.Materials and MethodsLateral cephalograms were hand‐traced under standardized conditions. Cephalometric measurements included Riedel analysis, Wits appraisal, A point/B point to Frankfurt plane (AF‐BF) and vertical measurements.ResultsThe mean ANB and Wits values were −3.22° and −11.39 mm, respectively. A positive correlation was found between ANB and Wits overall (r = −.49; P < .001). However, there was poor agreement between both Wits (r = .087) and Riedel (r = .089) with AF‐BF (P > .05). A negative correlation existed between Wits and LAFH% (r = −.64, P‐value < .001); however, no relationship was observed between ANB and LAFH% (P > .05) based on linear regression analysis.ConclusionsThere is a positive relationship between ANB and Wits; however, neither correlated well with a purer antero‐posterior assessment (AF‐BF). Furthermore, variations in the vertical skeletal measurements affect the strength of agreement. Caution is advised in the interpretation of antero‐posterior analysis especially in the presence of vertical discrepancy.
Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy in group (MIT‐G) for young adults with personality disorders: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Popolo Raffaele , MacBeth Angus , Canfora Flaviano , Rebecchi Daniela , Toselli Cecilia , Salvatore Giampaolo , Dimaggio Giancarlo 
Published: April 2018

Young adults with personality disorders (PD) other than borderline are in urgent need of validated treatments to help them in managing important life transitions. Therapeutic interventions focused upon social and interpersonal difficulties may facilitate these individuals in maximizing opportunities for employment, forming stable romantic relationships, and belong to social groups. It is also important that they are offered evidence‐based, first‐line time‐limited treatments in order to maximize effectiveness and reduce costs. We developed a 16‐session programme of group‐based Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT‐G) including psychoeducation on the main interpersonal motives, an experiential component enabling practice of awareness of mental states; and use of mentalistic knowledge for purposeful problem‐solving. We report a feasibility, acceptability, and clinical significance randomized clinical trial. Participants meeting inclusion criteria were randomized to receiveMIT‐G (n = 10) or waiting list+TAU(n = 10). Dropout rate was low and session attendance high (92.19%). Participants in theMIT‐G arm had symptomatic and functional improvements consistent with large effect sizes. In theMIT‐G arm similarly large effects were noted for increased capacity to understand mental states and regulate social interactions using mentalistic knowledge. Results were sustained at follow‐up. Our findings suggest potential for applyingMIT‐G in larger samples to further test its effectiveness in reducingPD‐related symptoms and problematic social functioning.
Prevention and treatment of diaper dermatitis
Authors: Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike , Kanti Varvara 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDiaper dermatitis (DD) is one of the most common skin conditions that infants suffer from and their caregivers manage in the first months post‐birth. As such, questions of effective prevention and treatment of the condition often arise. Nonmedical skincare practices that support healthy skin barrier function can prevent DD manifestation or alleviate the condition in many cases. The usage of barrier emollients and improved diaper technology contributes to keeping moisture and irritants away from an infant's delicate skin. This paper addresses facts behind commonly asked questions from caregivers regarding DD and discusses effective measures to prevent and treat the condition.
All‐Hazards Homeowners Insurance: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kunreuther Howard 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the United States, standard homeowners insurance policies cover damages resulting from fire, wind, and hail, but exclude damages caused by floods and earthquakes. This is not the practice worldwide: several countries include all perils in homeowners insurance. Building on two fundamental insurance principles—that premiums reflect risk and that support for low‐income households come from public funding, not insurance premium subsidies—this article proposes a strategy for developing an all‐hazards homeowners insurance policy in the United States that should be attractive to both private insurers and property owners. It outlines critical supporting roles for the public sector and proposes modifications to the National Flood Insurance Program that could provide a foundation for all‐hazards insurance.
Evaluating the Public Financing for Florida's Wind Risk
Authors: Medders Lorilee A. , Nicholson Jack E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo increase residential property insurance options for wind‐related disaster events, the State of Florida created the Citizens Property Insurance Corporation (Citizens) and the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund. These entities play a major role in financing disaster losses for Florida. In this policy article, the authors assert that the State of Florida has emphasized the political objective of insurance affordability rather than managing and controlling risk for the benefit of the citizens of the state. The burden for financing catastrophic hurricane losses has been transferred to the public as most property and casualty insurance policies in Florida are assessable. Florida plays an inherent leadership role in the disaster risk arena, given its high exposure as well as its deep insurance penetration. The authors assert that while Florida has taken a leadership role in disaster risk control, the state's disaster risk financing strategy has failed to employ a long‐term focus that recognizes the interconnectedness of all parts of the system. The opportunity for the state going forward is to change its public policy focus to one that emphasizes availability over affordability. Florida's private markets could operate more competitively, and thus not unnecessarily place Florida's citizens and their economy at risk.
Fit for Purpose and Fit for the Future? An Evaluation of the UK's New Flood Reinsurance Pool
Authors: Surminski Swenja 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFlood Re is widely hailed as an innovative approach to disaster risk insurance. This article offers a mixed‐methods evaluation of the new pool, asking whether it is “fit for purpose” and “fit for the future.” The investigation considers the roles of the public and private sectors, risk modeling and risk communication, technical underwriting, distributional aspects, and the behavioral implications of Flood Re, particularly with regards to risk reduction and prevention. The article concludes that the new pool is a transitional reinsurance arrangement that supports the private insurance market and secures affordability of flood insurance in the United Kingdom through premium subsidies. However, this approach is likely to come under pressure in the face of rising flood risk as it fails to incentivize flood risk management and risk reduction efforts.
Risk Management Roles of the Public and Private Sector
Authors: Kousky Carolyn , Kunreuther Howard 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInsurance is an essential component of household and community resilience. It protects insureds financially against disaster losses, can encourage investments in cost‐effective mitigation measures through premium reductions, and facilitates the rebuilding of property and long‐term recovery. Private insurers face challenges in providing full protection against disasters. This has led governments around the world to create a variety of public insurance entities, often designed as public‐private partnerships. At a November 2016 workshop, “Improving Disaster Financing: Evaluating Policy Interventions in Disaster Insurance Markets,” participants evaluated disaster insurance programs for flood, earthquake, and terrorism losses. This article synthesizes six papers and findings from the workshop and suggests ways to improve public‐private partnerships for disaster financing in three interrelated areas: (1) risk communication, (2) risk reduction, and (3) risk transfer. It concludes with a proposal for a comprehensive insurance program that could harness the benefits of both the public and private sectors.
The State of the Question in the Study of Plato: Twenty Year Update
Authors: Press Gerald A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article updates “The State of the Question in the Study of Plato” (Southern Journal of Philosophy,) based on research covering the years from 1995–2015. Its three major parts examine: (1) how the mid‐twentieth‐century consensus has fared, (2) whether the new trends identified in that article have continued, and (3) identify trends either new or missed in the original article. On the whole, it shows the continuing decline of dogmatic and nondramatic Plato interpretation and the expansion and ramification of the more literary, dramatic, and nondogmatic “new Platonism.” What was a growing insurgency twenty years ago can now be described as a, if notthe, dominant approach.
Cognitive Self‐Enhancement as a Duty to Oneself: A Kantian Perspective
Authors: Bauer Katharina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecently some bioethicists and neuroscientists have argued for an imperative of chemical cognitive enhancement. This imperative is usually based on consequentialist grounds. In this paper, the topic of cognitive self‐enhancement is discussed from a Kantian point of view in order to shed new light on the controversial debate. With Kant, it is an imperfect duty to oneself to strive for perfecting one's own natural and moral capacities beyond one's natural condition, but there is no duty to enhance others. A Kantian approach does not directly lead to a duty of chemical cognitive self‐enhancement, but it also does not clearly rule out that this type of enhancement can be an appropriate means to the end of self‐improvement. This paper shows the benefits of a Kantian view, which offers a consistent ideal of self‐perfection and teaches us a lesson about the crucial relevance of the attitude that underlies one's striving for cognitive self‐improvement: the lesson of treating oneself as an end in itself and not as mere means to the end of better output.
Logistical and safety implications of temperature‐based acceptance of returned red blood cell units
Authors: DeSimone Robert A. , Nowak Michael D. , Lo Dian T. , Crowley Kathleen M. , Parra Priscilla , Cushing Melissa M. , Hsu Yen‐Michael S. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDAABB requires that red blood cells (RBCs) are maintained at 1 to 10°C during transport. Historically, blood banks used the 30‐minute rule for returned RBCs transported outside of validated containers. The implications of this policy have not been previously reported in a real‐life hospital setting.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA 2‐year, retrospective review of RBC units returned outside of qualified containers was conducted. During the first year, the 30‐minute rule was used to accept RBCs back into inventory. Sequentially, the following year, a temperature‐based approach was implemented using a thermometer with an accuracy of ±1°C. Time out of the blood bank, temperature upon return, wastage, and transfusion reactions associated with the reissued RBCs were analyzed.RESULTSIn our practice, the 30‐minute rule would have accepted 15.2% of RBC units outside of the allowed temperature. Compared to the 30‐minute rule, temperature‐based acceptance was associated with a 13% increase in wastage (p < 0.001). During the 30‐minute rule period, transfusion of returned and subsequently reissued RBCs was associated with a nonsignificant trend toward a higher transfusion reaction rate compared to the overall RBC transfusion reaction rate (1.4% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.084). During the temperature period, transfusion of returned and subsequently reissued RBCs had the same transfusion reaction rate compared to the overall RBC transfusion reaction rate (0.5% vs. 0.5%, p = 1.0).CONCLUSIONTemperature‐based acceptance of returned RBCs is associated with significantly higher wastage compared to the 30‐minute rule. A temperature‐based acceptance practice mitigates the risk of accepting RBCs with unacceptable temperatures returned within 30 minutes of issue.
English as a lingua franca: Facts, benefits and costs
Authors: Melitz Jacques 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHow much further can we expect the spread of English to go? What are the gains? What are the costs? The paper first tries to identify the areas of life where English already serves as a lingua franca in the world and those where the language faces sharp competition. The discussion goes on to show that the future advance of English will depend heavily on the motives to learn the other major languages in the world as well. The cultural market is the single one where the extraordinary progress of English threatens to go too far.
Validation of a paraoxon‐based method for measurement of paraoxonase (PON‐1) activity and establishment ofRIs in horses
Authors: Ruggerone Beatrice , Bonelli Francesca , Nocera Irene , Paltrinieri Saverio , Giordano Alessia , Sgorbini Micaela 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundParaoxonase‐1 (PON‐1) is an antioxidant compound that is considered a negative acute phase protein. No information on the analytic performance of the paraoxon method for measuringPON‐1 in horse serum is available.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to validate a paraoxon‐based method to measurePON‐1 in horses and to establishRIs in healthy horses and foals.MethodsHorses and foals classified as healthy after physical examination and routine biochemistry were used in the study. SerumPON‐1 activity was measured with an automated spectrophotometer and an enzymatic method validated in other species. After the analytic validation (precision, accuracy, interference studies),RIs were determined using the Reference Value Advisor software. The possible sex‐, age‐, and breed‐related differences were statistically investigated.ResultsThe healthy study population included 120 horses and 55 foals. The paraoxon‐based method was precise (CVs < 4.0%) and accurate (P < .001 in linearity under dilution and spike‐recovery testing) but was affected by interference from mild bilirubinemia, severe lipemia, and hemoglobinemia. TheRIs recorded in the whole population were 38.1–80.8 U/mL. According to the Harris and Boyd test, it would be advisable to use separateRIs only for adult females and for Warmblood and Trotter adults.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the analytic performances of the paraoxon‐based method for measurement ofPON‐1 in horses are acceptable. ThePON‐1 activity is lower in horses than in other domestic species. These results may provide a basis for further studies designed to establish whether healthy and sick horses can be correctly classified by using thePON‐1 assay.
An assessment of a Western blot method for the investigation of canine cutaneous adverse food reactions
Authors: Maina Elisa , Matricoti Irina , Noli Chiara 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundAdverse food reaction (AFR) is diagnosed with a two month elimination diet (ED), followed by challenge with the original food.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate reactivity of selectedEDsand performance of a Western blot serological test for the diagnosis ofAFR.AnimalsTwenty five food reactive (FR) and 13 non food reactive (NFR) privately owned dogs.MethodsSera were tested for antibodies against hydrolyzed poultry feather (RCA), hydrolyzed soy (PHA), hydrolyzed fish (FUH), limited antigen horse and potato (THP), fresh horse meat and the offending food for eachFRdog as documented by provocative challenge.ResultsFourteen sera were negative and two positive to all foods. Sera from five of 13NFRand three of 25FRdogs were reactive to hydrolyzed foods. TheRCAdiet was recognized by four of 38,FUHby six of 38 andPHAby one of 28 samples.THPwas recognized by 14 of 33 and fresh horse by one of ten dogs that had never eaten horse meat. The test correctly identified one of 15 dogs allergic toFUH. Twenty of 25FRsera were negative for the dogs’ respective offending foods (20% sensitivity), whereas four of 13NFRsera were positive to the dogs’ usual diets (69% specificity).Conclusion and clinical importanceWestern blot analysis cannot be considered as a valid tool for the diagnosis ofAFR; it may serve as an aid in selecting anED.
Feline herpesvirus ulcerative dermatitis: an atypical case?
Authors: Porcellato Ilaria , Luciani Luca , Marenzoni Maria Luisa , Santagostino Sara Francesca , Sforna Monica , Mechelli Luca , Brachelente Chiara 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundFeline herpesvirus ulcerative dermatitis is an uncommon skin disease in cats, with a predominantly facial distribution characterized by massive infiltration of eosinophils and, occasionally, predominant neutrophils.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical and histopathological features of a putative atypical case of feline herpesvirus dermatitis.AnimalA 10‐month‐old, intact male, European cat was presented with chronic monolateral ulcerative dermatitis with adherent crusts on the left pinna. The lesion had been present for six months and worsened after the administration of corticosteroids.MethodsClinical and histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry, nestedPCRand transmission electron microscopy (TEM).ResultsHistological examination of skin biopsies showed multifocal ulcerative and necrotic lesions, involving the superficial and deep dermis covered by thick haemorrhagic and serocellular crusts. The superficial, medium and deep dermis was heavily infiltrated with mast cells and plasma cells, with a lower number of neutrophils and eosinophils. In the nuclei of some cells in the deep dermis, whose histotype was unrecognizable with routine haematoxylin and eosin stain, intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies were noticed. NestedPCRandTEMsupported the hypothesis of FeHV‐1‐induced dermatitis.Conclusions and clinical importanceThis case is noteworthy for the infrequent location on the pinna and the atypical histopathological features of the lesion, with a predominant infiltration of mast cells and plasma cells. Our findings suggest that herpesvirus dermatitis should be listed as a differential diagnosis in case of ulcerative dermatitis when the location and histological features are atypical.