bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate social responsibility and earnings management: The moderating effect of corporate governance mechanisms
Authors: Buertey Samuel , Sun Eun‐Jung , Lee Jang Soon , Hwang Juhee 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis paper investigates the relationship between (a) corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management (EM) and (b) examines whether corporate governance (CG) mechanisms can moderate the CSR–EM relation.Research MethodologyFixed‐effect regression model is used to estimate the coefficients of the variables.Research Findings/InsightWe find a significant positive relation between CSR and EM. The result highlights the managerial opportunistic use of CSR explained within the agency theoretical framework. We also find that board size and block ownership significantly moderates the CSR–EM relationship.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe paper contributes to the literature on CSR, EM, and CG. Specifically, it contributes to the extant literature by demonstrating why and how CG can significantly influence the CSR–EM nexus. Second, the paper provides some insight on the mixed findings of prior studies that have investigated the relationship between CSR and EM.Practical/Policy ImplicationThe findings have significant implication for both policy makers, firm managers, and other stakeholders. Insights from the study will help develop and implement policies that will strengthen CG structures, especially in emerging markets to protect the interest of shareholders and improve market confidence.
CO2 Decomposition in CO2 and CO2/H2 Spark‐like Plasma Discharges at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Kelly Seán , Sullivan James A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, a spark‐like plasma discharge is ignited in pure CO2 and in CO2/H2 mixtures to investigate CO formation. Power pulsing is used to limit arc formation to sustain a high current transient “spark‐like” plasma consisting of a mixed mode discharge comprising an initial current pulse (“spark”) followed by a longer‐lived glow mode thorough each half cycle of the applied voltage. In pure CO2, the efficiency ranged between 20–50 % for CO2 conversions between 9–18 % for gas residence times of 100–600 ms. Adding H2 as a co‐reactant was investigated for a wide range of mixture ratios. The outlet gas was found to produce O2‐free mixtures of CO/H2/CO2. Conversion rates in CO2/H2 mixtures are found to be similar to pure CO2 at equivalent residence times. The primary role of H2 as a co‐reactant is therefore found to be the removal of O2 formed during dissociation of CO2. The energy cost of this dilution resulted in reduced efficiency for CO2 conversion (from 41 to 18 %), which is correlated to the efficiency drop found for pure CO2 conversion at lower flows. Opportunities for optimising this small volume “unit‐cell” spark reactor are encouraged by the results presented. This approach could enable deployment of serial or parallel combinations of such reactors capable of dealing cost‐effectively with the conversion of the larger CO2 and CO2/H2 volumes required in future industry applications.
Screening and offering online programs for eating disorders: Reach, pathology, and differences across eating disorder status groups at 28 U.S. universities
Authors: Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Balantekin Katherine N. , Eichen Dawn M. , Graham Andrea K. , Monterubio Grace E. , Sadeh‐Sharvit Shiri , Goel Neha J. , Flatt Rachael E. , Saffran Kristina , Karam Anna M. , Firebaugh Marie‐Laure , Trockel Mickey , Taylor C. Barr , Wilfley Denise E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe Internet‐based Healthy Body Image (HBI) Program, which uses online screening to identify individuals at low risk of, high risk of, or with an eating disorder (ED) and then directs users to tailored, evidence‐based online or in‐person interventions to address individuals' risk or clinical status, was deployed at 28 U.S. universities as part of a randomized controlled trial. The purpose of this study is to report on: (a) reach of HBI, (b) screen results, and (c) differences across ED status groups.MethodAll students on participating campuses ages 18 years or older were eligible, although recruitment primarily targeted undergraduate females.ResultsThe screen was completed 4,894 times, with an average of 1.9% of the undergraduate female student body on each campus taking the screen. ED risk in participating students was high—nearly 60% of students screened were identified as being at high risk for ED onset or having an ED. Key differences emerged across ED status groups on demographics, recruitment method, ED pathology, psychiatric comorbidity, and ED risk factors, highlighting increasing pathology and impairment in the high‐risk group.DiscussionFindings suggest efforts are needed to increase reach of programs like HBI. Results also highlight the increasing pathology and impairment in the high‐risk group and the importance of programs such as HBI, which provide access to timely screening and intervention to prevent onset of clinical EDs.
Heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction: characterization of patients from the PINNACLE Registry®
Authors: Ibrahim Nasrien E. , Song Yang , Cannon Christopher P. , Doros Gheorghe , Russo Patricia , Ponirakis Angelo , Alexanian Claire , Januzzi James L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsGuidelines for management of patients with heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction [HFmrEF; left ventricular EF (LVEF) 41–49%] do not exist. Disagreement exists whether HFmrEF should be considered a distinct group. The aim of this study is to examine characteristics of patients with HFmrEF with HF with reduced EF (HFrEF; LVEF ≤ 40%) or preserved EF (HFpEF; LVEF ≥ 50%).Methods and resultsWe examined data collected in the American College of Cardiology's National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence (PINNACLE) Registry® for first HF patient visits between 1 May 2008 and 30 June 2016. Analysis was performed using ANOVA F‐tests (or Kruskal–Wallis tests for non‐normally distributed variables) for continuous parameters and χ2 tests for nominal covariates at the first diagnosed HF visit. Given the NCDR PINNACLE Registry® is a US‐based registry, we opted to define HFmrEF as per the US guidelines, which define HFmrEF as LVEF 41–49% in contrast to European guidelines, which define HFmrEF as LVEF 40–49%. Among 1 103 386 patients with available data, 36.1% (N = 398 228) had HFrEF, 7.5% (N = 82 292) had HFmrEF, and 56.5% (N = 622 866) had HFpEF. Compared with patients with HFrEF or HFpEF, patients with HFmrEF had more prevalent coronary and peripheral artery disease and more history of myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass surgery (all P < 0.001). Patients with HFmrEF were also more likely to have atrial fibrillation/flutter, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease and to have a history of tobacco use (both P < 0.001). Among those with EF assessment prior to this analysis, only 4.8% (N = 1032) previously had HFrEF that improved to HFmrEF; 32.9% (N = 7072) had HFpEF previously and progressed to HFmrEF. Those patients who transitioned from HFpEF to HFmrEF had considerably more complex profiles and were less aggressively managed compared with those who remained with HFmrEF (all P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn this large descriptive analysis, patients with HFmrEF had an atherothrombotic phenotype distinct from other forms of HF. Interventions aimed at treating coronary ischaemia and addressing prevalent risk factors may play a particularly important role in the management of patients with HFmrEF.
Alteration of medical therapy in patients with heart failure relative to change in symptom severity
Authors: Ibrahim Nasrien E. , Song Yang , Cannon Christopher P. , Doros Gheorghe , Russo Patricia , Ponirakis Angelo , Alexanian Claire , Januzzi James L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this observational analysis from the Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence Registry®, we examined changes in guideline‐directed medical therapies relative to changes in symptom severity in ambulatory patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, finding change in medication more often occurring when patients were changing their New York Heart Association symptom severity, rather than during periods of stable symptoms. Additionally, despite being available for a year during the time of our analysis, the use of sacubitril/valsartan was extremely low, and most often added in the context of worsening symptoms, not how this drug was studied and not how the guidelines articulate its use.
Macrophages assemble! But do they need IL‐4R during schistosomiasis?
Authors: Rückerl Dominik , Cook Peter C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHelminth infections are a global health burden in humans and livestock and are considered to be a major evolutionary driver of type 2 immunity (orchestrated by type 2 cytokines, e.g., IL‐4 and IL‐13). Upon infection, helminths cause substantial damage to mucosal tissues as they migrate within the host and elicit crucial protective immune mechanisms. Macrophages, essential innate cells, are known to adopt a specific activation status (termed M(IL‐4)) in type 2 cytokine environments. Yet, the role of these macrophages in mediating protective immune/wound healing responses to helminths is unclear. Furthermore, macrophage subsets can be very heterogenous (linked to their differing cellular origins) and the relative role of these subsets in the context of M(IL‐4) activation to helminth infection is unknown. An article by Rolot et al. in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology [Eur. J. Immunol. 2019. 49: 1067–1081] uses a variety of transgenic murine strains to revise our understanding of the complexity of how these subsets undergo M(IL‐4) activation and participate in wound healing responses in helminth infection. Here we highlight that consideration of different macrophage subsets in mucosal tissues is essential when evaluating the functional role of M(IL‐4) macrophages.
Epinephrine‐modified methacrylate monolithic column with fumed silica nanoparticle for pressurized capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Pan Hong , Liu Rangdong , Cheddah Soumia , Zheng Yiting , Hu Jing , Wang Weiwei , Wang Yan , Yan Chao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVia the ring‐opening reaction of epoxy groups with epinephrine, a novel epinephrine functionalized polymethacrylate monolith with fumed silica nanoparticles has been fabricated for pressurized capillary electrochromatography. The preparation of epinephrine‐modified monoliths has been optimized. In addition, morphology, electroosmotic flow, separation mechanism and column performance have been studied. The internal structure of the monolithic stationary phase was more uniform and the column efficiency increased after the incorporation of nanoparticles. With this column, satisfactory separation capability of aromatic compounds and alkaloids has been achieved and the column efficiency for naphthalene reached 138 696 plates/m. As for the real sample, 3 alkaloids were separated in Huanglian Shangqing capsules, a Chinese traditional medicine.
DNA fragment‐assisted microfluidic chip for capture and release of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Chen Dengyi , Wen Jing , Zeng Shaojiang , Ma Huipeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCirculating tumor cells are specifically referred as cells that detached from the primary tumor and are present in the bloodstream. They could be isolated from blood and used as representative biomarker for predicting cancer prognoses. Here, we developed a microfluidic chip with multiple curved channels, in which DNA fragments and antibody‐based enrichment are exploited to capture circulating tumor cells in blood sample. By introducing DNA fragments as long tentacles, the active antibody could be extended into the microchannel stereoscopically, which could greatly increase the chances of adhesion in a multidirectional way and improve the capture efficacy. Several pivotal factors for cell capturing were optimized to the best state. Compared to conventional chips for planar capturing, the capture efficiency of MCF‐7 cells was greatly increased from 37.17 to 85.10%. For the detection of MCF‐7‐containing artificial blood sample detection, the capture efficiency of tumor cells was about 74.19 ± 2.13%, which was obviously better than the result of flow cytometry (29.67 ± 4.02%). Captured cells were easily released from the surface of microfluidic chip with high cell viability, which could be investigated for the molecular analysis in the field of tumor diagnosis.
The impact of offshoring on knowledge‐intensive services: A study of activities in service production processes
Authors: Brandl Kristin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch summary:In order to identify the impact of offshoring on knowledge‐intensive services (KIS), the activities related to the transfer and co‐creation of knowledge in the service production process are studied in this paper. The concepts of activity systems and activity structures from practice theory are used to analyze these activities. A qualitative case study of multiple offshored KIS shows that offshoring changes activity systems and structures within the production process. Activities related to the transfer of knowledge are reduced while the co‐creation of knowledge remains evident in the process. As a result, KIS become more modularized and less customized, evidencing changed KIS characteristics. The paper adds to service offshoring and international service management literature and extends practice theory.Managerial summary:This paper studies how knowledge‐intensive services (KIS) are impacted by a geographic relocation of the services across country borders. The relocation, termed offshoring, implies that the service client and provider are geographically separated and need to interact on a distance in order to produce the service. As the service production is dependent on the transfer of existing knowledge and co‐creation of new knowledge by clients and service providers, the geographic distance is challenging KIS production processes. An empirical analysis finds that the geographic distance is changing the way the services are produced. The transfer and co‐creation of knowledge are reduced leading to fewer interactions between clients and service providers, mainly knowledge coproduction remains important. These changes lead to altered KIS production processes and service characteristics.
The Relational Potential Standard: Rethinking the Ethical Justification for Life‐Sustaining Treatment for Children with Profound Cognitive Disabilities
Authors: Wightman Aaron , Kett Jennifer , Campelia Georgina , Wilfond Benjamin S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this era of rapidly advancing biomedical technologies, it is not unusual for parents of children with profound cognitive disabilities to ask clinicians to provide invasive life‐sustaining treatments. Parental requests for such interventions pose a moral dilemma to the treating medical team, as there may be a discrepancy between the team's perception of the child's best interest and the apparent rationale underlying a parent's request. This gap highlights the limitation of the best interest standard in cases where, due to a neurodevelopmental disorder or brain injury, the child's capabilities are severely limited and their interests may be difficult to discern. The harm principle is also inadequate for decision‐making in response to these parental requests. To address these limitations, and inspired in part by John Arras's work on the relational potential standard, we propose an integration of care ethics within pediatric decision‐making using a new version of this standard. The potential for children to be in caring and loving relationships with their parents, what we will call “relational potential,” may provide an ethical justification for clinicians to support parental requests for life‐sustaining treatments.
On What We Have Learned and Still Need to Learn about the Psychosocial Impacts of Genetic Testing
Authors: Parens Erik , Appelbaum Paul S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSince the start of the program to investigate the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of the Human Genome Project in 1990, many ELSI scholars have maintained that genetic testing should be used with caution because of the potential for negative psychosocial effects associated with receiving genetic information. More recently, though, some ELSI scholars have produced evidence suggesting that the original ELSI concerns were unfounded, exaggerated, or, at a minimum, misdirected. At least in the contexts that have been most studied, large negative impacts have not been found in the vast majority of people studied. What might explain the discrepancy between the original hypothesized outcomes and the growing impression that large negative effects appear to be few and far between? And if the original predictions of large negative psychosocial effects were simply wrong, is it time for ELSI researchers to move on? Should genetic testing be routinized, and would it be appropriate to relax or abandon the practice of engaging patients in a process of detailed informed consent before they receive genetic information? To confront those questions, we convened a conference entitled “Looking for the Psychosocial Impacts of Genomic Information” to review what is known about the negative impacts of genetic information on a variety of populations and in multiple medical and social contexts, to explore the implications of the findings, and to consider whether future research might benefit from different methods than have been used to date.
Making Sense of Genetics: The Problem of Essentialism
Authors: Heine Steven J. , Cheung Benjamin Y. , Schmalor Anita 
Published: July 2019

Abstract“Psychological essentialism” refers to our tendency to view the natural world as emerging from the result of deep, hidden, and internal forces called “essences.” People tend to believe that genes underlie a person’s identity. People encounter information about genetics on a regular basis, as through media such as a New York Times piece “Infidelity Lurks in Your Genes” or a 23andMe commercial showing people acquiring new ethnic identities as the result of their genotyping. How do people make sense of new scientific findings that are inherently complex if they don’t have years of specialized training and education at their disposal? Given the substantial overlap between a lay understanding of genetics and lay intuitions about essences, we argue that, when most people are thinking about genes, they are not really thinking about genes in the complex ways that good scientists are. Combating people’s essentialist biases can be a formidable challenge. Although we have identified some promising results of trying to reduce people’s genetic essentialist tendencies, there is still much to learn about how these essentialist biases can be countered. It is important to help people understand genetic information so they are able make well‐informed decisions about their lives.
Assessing the Psychological Impact of Genetic Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Roberts J. Scott 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe expanded use of genetic testing raises key ethical and policy questions about possible benefits and harms for those receiving disease‐risk information. As predictive testing for Huntington’s was initiated in a clinical setting, survey research posing hypothetical test scenarios suggested that the vast majority of at‐risk relatives wanted to know whether they carried a disease‐causing mutation. However, only a small minority ultimately availed themselves of this opportunity. Many at‐risk individuals concluded that a positive test result would be too psychologically overwhelming. A substantial literature suggests that individuals are often more resilient than anticipated in coping with many different health‐related stresses. Much of my own work in the field has been through the Risk Evaluation & Education for Alzheimer’s Disease study (REVEAL), a series of randomized clinical trials assessing the impact of genetic susceptibility testing on asymptomatic individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Our experience in developing and implementing four successive, multisite trials provides some potentially useful lessons for the field. More people will be asking for their personal genetic information. Better understanding will help us decide when access is appropriate and how best to disclose results in a manner that supports adjustment to test findings and promotes use of genetic information to improve human health.
The Psychological Well‐being of Pregnant Women Undergoing Prenatal Testing and Screening: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Biesecker Barbara B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrenatal screening and testing are preference‐based health care options. They are offered so that pregnant women and their partners can learn genetic information about the developing fetus. In this literature review, I summarize studies of women’s and their partners’ psychological responses to prenatal testing and screening. These studies investigate the experiences of pregnant women, largely in the United States, who have access to health care services. Although the results indicate that these women are receptive to prenatal testing and screening and seem to have limited negative psychological consequences, pregnant women without access to these services are not represented and may have different experiences. With that caveat in mind, based on the evidence, women generally do well psychologically as they manage the options that arise for them in the prenatal context.
The Implications of Genetic and Other Biological Explanations for Thinking about Mental Disorders
Authors: Lebowitz Matthew S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGiven the rise of genetic etiological beliefs regarding psychiatric disorders, a growing body of research has focused on trying to elucidate the effects that such explanatory frameworks might be having on how mental disorders are perceived by patients, clinicians, and the general public. Genetic and other biomedical explanations of mental disorders have long been seen as a potential tool in the efforts to destigmatize mental disorders, given the harshness of the widespread negative attitudes about them and the important negative clinical and social impacts of this stigma. The conventional wisdom has appeared to be that because the effects of genes are seen as falling outside individual control, conceiving of mental disorders as caused by genes casts patients as blameless, thereby reducing stigmatization. Indeed, the results of experimental and correlational research have now robustly linked genetic and other biomedical explanations for mental disorders with reductions in the extent to which people are blamed for their psychiatric symptoms. However, research examining the impact of genetic and other biomedical explanations of mental disorders has also suggested that they can have significant downsides. The most consistently observed negative effect of these kinds of explanations is that they can apparently lead to the assumption that mental disorders are unlikely to improve or abate. Genetic and other biomedical explanations of mental disorders can also increase people’s confidence in the effectiveness of biomedical treatments (such as pharmacotherapy) but decrease their confidence in the effectiveness of “nonbiomedical” treatments (such as psychotherapy).