bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe edema after cessation of laxative abuse and use of a loop diuretic: Case report
Authors: Goldman Paula N. , Cody Paula J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStimulant laxatives are the class of laxatives most often abused by patients with eating disorders. The abrupt cessation of high‐dose stimulant laxatives is known to cause edema. We present the case of a patient with anorexia nervosa with binge‐purge subtype who was taking ∼100 stimulant laxatives per day. Upon discontinuation of stimulant laxatives, she experienced severe peripheral edema with rapid gain of 11.6 kg over 1 week. Unique features of this case include the high quantity of stimulant laxatives consumed per day, the amount of weight gained due to edema, and the 3 month duration of edema after laxative cessation. This case report details the time course of development of edema after abrupt laxative cessation. It also details the dosing and duration of furosemide used for diuresis in order to provide a precedent to inform future care. This case calls into question the best treatment approach for patients with severe edema after laxative cessation who do not meet criteria for Pseudo Bartter syndrome.
Stable and contact‐free time stepping for dense rigid particle suspensions
Authors: Bystricky Lukas , Shanbhag Sachin , Quaife Bryan 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWe consider suspensions of rigid bodies in a two‐dimensional viscous fluid. Even with high‐fidelity numerical methods, unphysical contact between particles occurs because of spatial and temporal discretization errors. We extend a time stepping method that avoids overlap by imposing a minimum separation distance between all pairs of bodies. In its original form, the method discretizes interactions between different particles explicitly. Therefore, to avoid stiffness, a large minimum separation distance is used. In this paper, we introduce a new implicit time stepping method that is able to simulate dense suspensions with large time step sizes and a small minimum separation distance. The method is tested on various unbounded and bounded flows, and rheological properties of the resulting suspensions are computed.
Development of a dehydrated fortified food base from fermented milk and parboiled wheat, and comparison of its composition and reconstitution behavior with those of commercial dried dairy‐cereal blends
Authors: Shevade Ashwini V. , O'Callaghan Yvonne C. , O'Brien Nora M. , O'Connor Thomas P. , Guinee Timothy P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDehydrated blends of milk and cereal are reconstituted and consumed as a nutritious soup or porridge in many regions; the composition and reconstitution behavior of the blends are likely to impact on nutritional quality and consumer acceptability of the soup/porridge. Experimental samples of dried fermented milk‐bulgur wheat blend (FMBW) and commercial samples of dried dairy‐cereal blends, namely kishk, tarhana, and super cereal plus corn–soy blend (SCpCSB) were compared for composition, color, water sorption, and reconstitution characteristics. FMBW blends had higher contents of protein, Ca, lactose and lactic acid, lower levels of salt (NaCl) and Fe, and a lighter, more‐yellow color (higher L* and b*‐color co‐ordinates) than tarhana or kishk. Compared with SCpCSB, FMBW had numerically higher levels of protein, lactose, and lactic acid, lower levels of Ca, Fe, Zn, and Mg, and lower pH. Tarhana had highest mean levels of starch, and on reconstitution (133 g/kg) had highest water holding capacity, viscosity during pasting and cooling, yield stress (σ0), consistency coefficient (K), and viscosity on shearing from 20 to 120 s−1 at 60°C. Reconstituted FMBW, kishk, and SCpCSB had similar pasting and flow behavior properties. Overall, the composition (starch, protein, Ca, Mg), pasting and flow behavior characteristics of FMBW were closer to those SCpCSB and kishk than to tarhana. The results suggest that the FMBW powder, on appropriate supplementation with Ca, Fe, Zn and Mg, could be used for the development of customized fortified blended foods for specific groups.
Preventive effect of flavonoids from Wushan Shencha (Malus doumeri leaves) on CCl4‐induced liver injury
Authors: Zhu Kai , Huang Guangbin , Xie Jing , Zhou Xianrong , Mu Jianfei , Zhao Xin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWushan Shencha (Malus doumeri leaf) is a unique tea‐like drink. Herein, the effect of flavonoids from Wushan Shencha (FWSSC) on carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver injury was studied. The serum and liver tissues of experimental mice were analyzed by kits, a slice technique, and qPCR assay. The liver index is a calculated liver‐to‐body weight ratio, and the experimental results showed that FWSSC reduced the liver index of the model group with liver injury, which was the highest. Sections stained with H&E showed that FWSSC reduced stem cell necrosis caused by liver injury. FWSSC reduced the serum levels of AST, ALT, TG, and TC, as well as the levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ cytokines in the serum of mice with liver injury. Liver biochemical tests also showed that FWSSC increased the SOD activity and decreased TC, TG, and MPO levels in mice with liver injury. It was found that FWSSC upregulated the expression of Cu/Zn‐SOD, Mn‐SOD, CAT, and IκB‐α, and downregulated the expression of NF‐κB, COX‐2, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β in the liver tissue of mice with liver injury by detecting the expression of mRNA in liver tissue. It is concluded that FWSSC is an active substance with hepatoprotective effects. The activity of FWSSC increased with increasing concentration, and the hepatoprotective effect of FWSSC at 100 mg/kg concentration was stronger than that of silymarin.
Analytical valuation of Asian options with counterparty risk under stochastic volatility models
Authors: Wang Xingchun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider Asian options with counterparty risk under stochastic volatility models. We propose a simple way to construct stochastic volatility models through the market factor channel. In the proposed framework, we obtain an explicit pricing formula of Asian options with counterparty risk and illustrate the effects of systematic risk on Asian option prices. Specially, the U‐shaped and inverted U‐shaped curves appear when we keep the total risk of the underlying asset and the issuer's assets unchanged, respectively.
CCS makes it to the ministerial table
Authors: Cozier Muriel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCarbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) continues its rise on the global agenda. Once consigned to the realm of researchers, scientists and those who saw the potential and need for technology to help in climate change mitigation, CCUS is getting increasing ministerial level backing. In this article, GHGS&T's Muriel Cozier reviews the two G20 meetings held in Japan, which put CCUS on the ministerial table. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upper extremity muscular strength in wrist‐twisting tasks: Model approach towards task design
Authors: Majumder Joydeep , Kotadiya Sanjay M , Sharma Lokesh Kumar , Kumar Sunil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFrequent wrist‐twisting operations of hand tools results in wrist injuries, loss of control, localized discomfort and muscular fatigue. The aim was to investigate upper extremity strength in generic wrist‐twisting modes while using hand tools and forecasting the limits while in frequent or continuous operation. Hundred men were recruited (Group 1: 18‐39 years and Group 2: 40‐60 years). Upper extremity isometric muscular strength testing of the preferred hand during wrist‐twisting type of manual hand‐tool operations was carried out for 60 s. Forecasting of strength to generate predictions for future events (60 s) based on measured 60 s was carried out using Holt‐Winters time series model. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis. For prediction model evaluation, WEKA 3.8.2 was used. Anthropometric parameters of both groups were similar, having minimal effect on generated strength. The strength generated by Group 2 workers were slightly higher than their younger counterparts. The mean clockwise strength for both groups were recorded to be higher than the anticlockwise strength. Also, standing posture generated higher strength than in seated posture. During last 5 s of trial, participants could sustain only three‐fifth of strength generated in the first 5 s for anticlockwise trials. Whereas, for clockwise trial, the strength sustainability during the last 5 seconds was around three‐fourth of initial 5 seconds. Uniformly decreasing plateau of strength over time support clockwise torque application for increase efficiency, reduced fatigue, and musculoskeletal disorders. Strength data generated would assist in re‐engineering the design of tools at workplace and suggest functional limits of work.
Successful management of a fistula between an external iliac artery and an ileal conduit with endovascular embolization and vascular bypass
Authors: Sekito Sho , Onishi Takehisa , Terabe Takashi , Shibahara Takuji 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionFistula formation between an ileac artery and an ileal conduit after radical cystectomy is a rare complication.Case presentationA 72‐year‐old woman underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy with ileal conduit. After surgery, leakage of ileal‐ureteral anastomosis with infection was observed. Five months after surgery, sudden bleeding from the ileal conduit occurred that stopped spontaneously. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography suggested a pseudo aneurysm of the right external iliac artery in contact with the ileal conduit. A fistula between the artery and ileal conduit was suspected. She underwent embolization of the common iliac artery and femorofemoral bypass. She had a good clinical course and no sign of hematuria over 6 months of follow‐up.ConclusionAn episode of warning hemorrhage from the urostomy is an important sign of fistula, and endovascular treatment is a feasible approach to treat this condition.
Neonicotinoid trapping by the FA1 site of human serum albumin
Authors: Leboffe Loris , di Masi Alessandra , Trezza Viviana , Pasquadibisceglie Andrea , Macari Gabriele , Polticelli Fabio , Ascenzi Paolo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNeonicotinoids are a widely used class of insecticides that target the acetylcholine recognition site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system of insects. Although neonicotinoids display a high specificity for insects, their use has been recently debated since several studies led to the hypothesis that they may have adverse ecological effects and potential risks to mammals and even humans. Due to their hydrophobic nature, neonicotinoids need specific carriers to allow their distribution in body fluids. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant plasma protein, is a key carrier of endogenous and exogenous compounds. The in silico docking and ligand binding properties of acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam to HSA are here reported. Neonicotinoids bind to multiple fatty acid (FA) binding sites, preferentially to the FA1 pocket, with high affinity. Values of the dissociation equilibrium constant for neonicotinoid binding FA1 of HSA (i.e., calcKn) derived from in silico docking simulations (ranging between 3.9 × 10−5 and 6.3 × 10−4 M) agree with those determined experimentally from competitive inhibition of heme‐Fe(III) binding (i.e., expKn; ranging between 2.1 × 10−5 and 6.9 × 10−5 M). Accounting for the HSA concentration in vivo (~7.5 10−4 M), values of Kn here determined suggest that the formation of the HSA:neonicotinoid complexes may occur in vivo. Therefore, HSA appears to be an important determinant for neonicotinoid transport and distribution to tissues and organs, particularly to the liver where they are metabolized.
The mechanism studies of the adsorption–desorption process of rutin from water/ethanol solution and the extract of bitter orange peel by the carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Gholizadeh Hassan , Ghorbani‐HasanSaraei Azade , Tahermansouri Hasan , Shahidi Seyed‐Ahmad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCarboxylated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs‐COOH) have been used as an efficient adsorbent for the adsorption of rutin from water/ethanol solution and extract of bitter orange peel. Batch experiments such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, concentration of the rutin, and temperature were carried out to study the sorption process. Kinetic studies were well described by a pseudosecond‐order kinetic model for MWCNT‐COOH. Besides, the adsorbed values of rutin at equilibrium were calculated to be 62.89 mg/g, which agreed well with the experimental data (62.13 mg/g). Isotherm studies showed that the Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best model for the description of the sorption data. ΔG° values at temperatures of 298, 308, and 318 °K were −1.9, −4.5, and −5.3 kJ/mol, respectively; these negative values for MWCNT‐COOH indicated the nature of the spontaneous adsorption process. In addition, rutin molecules can be desorbed from MWCNT‐COOH by up to 93.4% of the sorbed amount by increasing the solution pH to 11, which indicates the ability of reutilization of MWCNT‐COOH. In addition, the results of high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that MWCNT‐COOH leads to the adsorption and extraction of rutin about 50% from the extract of bitter orange peel.
Molecular mechanism of myofibroblast formation and strategies for clinical drugs treatments in hypertrophic scars
Authors: Zhu Ziying , Hou Qian , Li Meirong , Fu Xiaobing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHypertrophic scars (HTS) commonly occurred after burn and trauma. It was characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix with the inadequate remodeling, which could result in severe physiological and psychological problems. However, the effective available prevention and treatment measures were still limited. The main pathological feature of HTS was the excessive formation of myofibroblasts, and they persist in the repaired tissue. To better understand the mechanics of this process, this review focused on the characteristics and formation of myofibroblasts, the main effector cells in HTS. We summarized the present theories and opinions on myofibroblasts formation from the perspective of related signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, miRNA/lncRNA/ceRNA action, histone modification, and so forth for a better understanding on the development of HTS. This information might assist in developing effective experimental and clinical treatment strategies. Additionally, we also summarized currently known clinical strategies for HTS treatment, including traditional drugs, molecular medicine, stem cells, and exosomes.
CDK11 safeguards the identity of human embryonic stem cells via fine‐tuning signaling pathways
Authors: Ding Jianyi , Fang Zhuoqing , Liu Xinyuan , Zhu Zhexin , Wen Chunsheng , Wang Han , Gu Junjie , Li Qing‐run , Zeng Rong , Li Hui , Jin Ying 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSignaling pathways transmit extracellular cues into cells and regulate transcriptome and epigenome to maintain or change the cell identity. Protein kinases and phosphatases are critical for signaling transduction and regulation. Here, we report that CDK11, a member of the CDK family, is required for the maintenance of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) self‐renewal. Our results show that, among the three main isoforms of CDK11, CDK11p46 is the main isoform safeguarding the hESC identity. Mechanistically, CDK11 constrains two important mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (JNK and p38 signaling) through modulating the activity of protein phosphatase 1. Furthermore, CDK11 knockdown activates transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β)/SMAD2/3 signaling and upregulates certain nonneural differentiation‐associated genes. Taken together, this study uncovers a kinase required for hESC self‐renewal through fine‐tuning MAPK and TGF‐β signaling at appropriate levels. The kinase‐phosphatase axis reported here may shed new light on the molecular mechanism sustaining the identity of hESCs.
First insights of SHVO catalyst activity for monomeric phenol production from olive pomace
Authors: Cequier Enrique , Balcells Mercè , Canela‐Garayoa Ramon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaterials from renewable sources are in great demand to reduce carbon fingerprint. Olive pomace is a waste with high lignin content (>25%) and generated in high volumes. Therefore lignin from olive pomace is susceptible to be transformed into added value chemicals such as monomeric phenols through its catalytic depolymerization combining hydrogen donors (i.e. molecular hydrogen, polar protic solvents and formic acid) and catalysts based on transition metals (i.e. palladium and ruthenium supported on carbon, and SHVO catalyst, also ruthenium‐based).RESULTSThe reaction conditions for the nitrogen and hydrogen experiments were temperatures of 250 and 200 °C and initial pressures of 4 and 20 bar respectively. The bio‐oil obtained after the catalytic process was approximately half of the initial sample weight, although somewhat lower under hydrogen conditions. The SHVO catalyst yielded 15 and 10% of monomeric phenols under nitrogen and hydrogen conditions respectively, while the other two catalysts yielded between 6 and 9% irrespective of the gas.CONCLUSIONOverall, the SHVO catalyst provided a richer mixture of phenolic compounds owing to its milder hydrogenation activity compared with the other catalysts, although at the end of the reaction the catalyst did not preserve its native form. The use of formic acid under nitrogen atmosphere was advantageous to increase the yields of phenols. The most abundant monomers in the experiments using SHVO catalyst under both atmospheres were 4‐propylguaiacol, (Z)‐propenylguaiacol, 4‐propylsyringol, dihydroconiferyl alcohol, (Z)‐propenylsyringol and dihydrosinapyl alcohol. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Fusion of mis‐registered GFP and phase contrast images with convolutional sparse representation and adaptive region energy rule
Authors: Qiu Chenhui , Peng Wenxian , Wang Yuanyuan , Hong Jiang , Xia Shunren 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiomedical image fusion is the process of combining the information from different imaging modalities to get a synthetic image. Fusion of phase contrast and green fluorescent protein (GFP) images is significant to predict the role of unknown proteins, analyze the function of proteins, locate the subcellular structure, and so forth. Generally, the fusion performance largely depends on the registration of GFP and phase contrast images. However, accurate registration of multi‐modal images is a very challenging task. Hence, we propose a novel fusion method based on convolutional sparse representation (CSR) to fuse the mis‐registered GFP and phase contrast images. At first, the GFP and phase contrast images are decomposed by CSR to get the coefficients of base layers and detail layers. Secondly, the coefficients of detail layers are fused by the sum modified Laplacian (SML) rule while the coefficients of base layers are fused by the proposed adaptive region energy (ARE) rule. ARE rule is calculated by discussion mechanism based brain storm optimization (DMBSO) algorithm. Finally, the fused image is achieved by carrying out the inverse CSR. The proposed fusion method is tested on 100 pairs of mis‐registered GFP and phase contrast images. The experimental results reveal that our proposed fusion method exhibits better fusion results and superior robustness than several existing fusion methods.
Production of melanin pigments in saprophytic fungi in vitro and during infection
Authors: Chongkae Siriporn , Nosanchuk Joshua D. , Pruksaphon Kritsada , Laliam Angkana , Pornsuwan Soraya , Youngchim Sirida 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMelanins are one of the great natural pigments produced by a wide variety of fungal species that promote fitness and cell survival in diverse hostile environments, including during mammalian infection. In this study, we sought to demonstrate the production of melanin in the conidia and hyphae of saprophytic fungi, including dematiaceous and hyaline fungi. We showed that a melanin‐specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) avidly labeled the cell walls of hyphae and conidia, consistent with the presence of melanin in these structures, in 14 diverse fungal species. The conidia of saprophytic fungi were treated with proteolytic enzymes, denaturant, and concentrated hot acid to yield dark particles, which were shown to be stable free radicals, consistent with their identification as melanins. Samples obtained from patients with fungal keratitis due to Fusarium falciforme, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Exserohilum rostratum, or Fonsecaea pedrosoi were found to be intensely labeled by the melanin‐specific MAb at the fungal hyphal cell walls. These results support the hypothesis that melanin is a common component that promotes survival under harsh conditions and facilitates fungal virulence. Increased understanding of the processes of melanization and the development of methods to interfere with pigment formation may lead to novel approaches to combat these complex pathogens that are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality.
Tephra glass chemistry provides storage and discharge details of five magma reservoirs which fed the 75 ka Youngest Toba Tuff eruption, northern Sumatra
Authors: Pearce Nicholas J.G. , Westgate John A. , Gualda Guilherme A.R. , Gatti Emma , Muhammad Ros F. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe Youngest Toba Tuff contains five distinct glass populations, identified from Ba, Sr and Y compositions, termed PI (lowest Ba) – PV (highest Ba), representing five compositionally distinct pre‐eruptive magma batches that fed the eruption. The PI–PV compositions display systematic changes, with higher FeO, CaO, MgO, TiO2 and lower incompatible element concentrations in the low‐SiO2 PIV/PV, than the high‐SiO2 PI–PIII compositions. Glass shard abundances indicate PIV and PV were the least voluminous magma batches, and PI and PIII the most voluminous. Pressure estimates using rhyolite‐MELTS indicate PV magma equilibrated at ~6 km, and PI magma at ~3.8 km. Glass population proportions in distal tephra and proximal (caldera‐wall) material describe an eruption which commenced by emptying the deepest PIV and PV reservoirs, this being preferentially deposited in a narrow band across southern India (possibly due to jet‐stream and/or plinian eruption transport), and as abundant pumice clasts in the lowermost proximal ignimbrites. Later, shallower magma reservoirs erupted, with PI being the most abundant as the eruption ended, sourcing the majority of distal ash from co‐ignimbrite clouds (PI‐ and PIII‐dominant), where associated ignimbrites isolated earlier (PIV‐ and PV‐rich) deposits. This study shows how analysis of tephra glass compositional data can yield pre‐eruption magma volume estimates, and enable aspects of magma storage conditions and eruption dynamics to be described.