bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The problem of mathematical finite element modeling of inhomogeneous deformable solids using scanning
Authors: Duong V. L. 
Published: October 2019

Introduction.In the mathematical finite element modeling, an average value of the mechanical characteristics of the deformable solid material is used. In aircraft, machine building, construction engineering, medicine and other fields, polymer composite materials and materials of natural origin are increasingly used. In the latter case, the actual change in the mechanical characteristics differs significantly from the averaged change; therefore, when using the averaged parameters to build and analyze finite element models, the results can be significantly distorted. This paper describes the creation of mathematical methods for studying changes in the mechanical characteristics of a material of inhomogeneous deformable solids. The results obtained in this way are used to construct finite element models and analyze their stress-strain state.Materials and Methods. Naturally occurring materials and composites are considered as inhomogeneous deformable solids. To study the changes in the mechanical characteristics of the material, a method was developed based on the use of two components: the pixel characteristics of raster images scanned by a computer tomograph and the experimental data of field tests of standard samples.Research Results.A complex of mathematical methods has been developed for modeling the interpretation of scanning raster images by a computer tomograph, which allows for the study of any complicated structures of real deformable solids. The results are used in the construction of finite element models of such bodies considering the heterogeneity of the mechanical characteristics of the material. The analysis of the stress-strain state of finite element models of test samples has proved the accuracy and convergence of the numerical solution of the finite element method in modeling the property of heterogeneity of the mechanical characteristics of the material.Discussion and Conclusions. The developed approach can be applied to any physical principles of scanning (X-ray, ultrasound, laser, etc.) and for any types of materials if the data obtained as a result of scanning is developed in the form of a digital (raster) image.
Redes sociales y nuevas tecnologías
Authors: Ugalde Cecilia 
Published: October 2019

Las redes sociales y nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación influyen cada vez más en distintos aspectos de nuestras vidas, y moldean la forma en la que nos relacionamos, aprendemos y expresamos. Necesitamos contextualizar los fenómenos mediáticos en función del entorno en el que se desempeñan, ya que su aplicación da resultados diferentes en lugares diversos, por ser culturalmente sensibles.
Conflicto y violencia sociopolíticos vistos por el modelo centro-periferia
Authors: Wotto Marguerite 
Published: October 2019

Conflicto y violencia, dos palabras muy comunes, muy importantes para la conciencia individual y colectiva, son conceptos empleados en el lenguaje común para significar y normar malestares de grados diversos. En consecuencia, son a menudo confundidas cuando viene el momento de describir ciertos hechos y gestos. Este artículo propone una definición de estos conceptos, además de estudia la particularidad que ellos aportan al análisis de lo político en un contexto específico. A la luz del modelo centro-periferia, se analizan los factores importantes que influyen en las manifestaciones de los conceptos.
¿Son las bacrim un actor armado según el derecho internacional?
Authors: Mendoza Tovar Víctor Hugo , Ramírez Peña Víctor Hugo 
Published: October 2019

El presente ensayo muestra de manera sucinta como las bandas de crimen organizado (BACRIM) o ahora como se les llama Grupos Armados Organizados (GAO) dejando como ejemplo el “Clan USUAGA”, son actores participes del conflicto armado en Colombia y a diferencia de las guerrillas tradicionales (FARC y ELN), no se oponen al Estado, salvo cuando este último interfiere con sus actividades criminales, disputándose militarmente el poder local y regional a las guerrillas, mientras ejercían simultáneamente las conductas delictivas propias de su razón de ser criminal y la posibilidad de ser sujetos del Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH).
Los problemas urbanos derivados de la constitución en México
Authors: Rabell García Enrique 
Published: October 2019

El desarrollo urbano en México ocasiona problemas de pobreza, dispersión, vivienda, movilidad y mayores costos. Parte de esta problemática proviene del propio texto constitucional que propicia que el orden jurídico y los planes en la materia, otorguen competencias opuestas entre los gobiernos. Como hipótesis se establece que la Constitución y demás normas propician la falta de coordinación ocasionando los problemas citados. El análisis se apoya en la interpretación sistemática y hermenéutica de las normas jurídicas. Se comprueba la existencia de dicha problemática y se proponen reformas legislativas y administrativas.
Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder, Uji Antimikroba dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Akar Gantung Hornstedtia Scyphifera Var. Fusiformis Holttum (Sijangkang)
Authors: Santoni Adlis , Efdi Mai , Suhada Akmel 
Published: October 2019

Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum is endemic plant of Zingiberaceae family that distributed in Sumatera. Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum contained some secondary metabolite such as phenolic, saponin, triterpenoid and alkaloid. The biological activity of methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts from Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum suspended roots was tested for antibacterial and antioxydant activity. Antioxidant activity was analized by DPPH method. The antibacterial activity was tested by used disk difussion method againts Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria). Almost all of Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum suspended roots extract were given antibacterial activity, nonetheless the biggest inhibition zone of Escherichia coli that was inhibited by n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts which have inhibition zone 10 mm at concentration 500 mg/L and also againts Staphylococcus aureus, the biggest inhibition by ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts which have inhibition zone 10.30 mm at concentration 500 mg/L. Among all extracts tested, methanol extract of the possessed moderate free radical scavenging activity with IC50 = 51.89 mg/L.
Bill C-59 and CSIS’s “New” Powers to Disrupt Terrorists Threats: Holding the Charter-Limiting Regime to (Constitutional) Account
Authors: Nesbitt Michael 
Published: October 2019

In 2017, the Liberal government released Bill C-59, which was its update to the national security legislation that was introduced by the previous government via Bill C-51. Bill C-59’s goal was to address the criticisms of its predecessor, including the new “kinetic” powers granted to the Canadian Security and Intelligence Service (CSIS) to actively disrupt threats to the security of Canada. While Bill C-59 made some improvements to ensure that CSIS’s new powers are exercised in accordance with the Charter, there are still deficiencies to be addressed. This article reviews the changes brought in with Bill C-59, examines how those amendments may not avoid constitutional challenge, and outlines what a section 1 Oakes justification may look like. Ultimately, to address the Charter implications of the new legislation, further changes are required, including the use of court-appointed special advocates to ensure an adversarial system and further oversight of CSIS’s new, disruptive authority.
The Road Not Taken: Missing Powers to Compel Decryption in Bill C-59, Ticking Bombs, and the Future of the Encryption Debate
Authors: Diab Robert 
Published: October 2019

In the fall of 2016, Canada’s Liberal government published a Green Paper canvassing public opinion on changes to national security law. The Paper explored the possibility of new powers to compel third parties to assist with decryption, framing the discussion around a terrorism plot analogous to a ticking bomb hypothetical. The public did not support new decryption powers, and Bill C-59, now before Parliament, does not include them. This article revisits the Green Paper to shed light on deeper fault lines in debates about whether police should have a power to compel decryption. The Green Paper points to illuminating parallels between arguments for compelled decryption and for torture. The strongest arguments for each make use of ticking bomb scenarios. While the arguments have attracted much criticism, they remain plausible and undermine key assumptions of those opposed to compelled decryption.
Part II of this article traces two common arguments for why state agents seek powers to compel a third party to decrypt: for justice (to secure convictions) and public safety (to prevent terrorism and other serious offences). Opponents cast doubt on the first claim by pointing to many alternative sources of evidence. They tend to dismiss the second claim, that police need decryption powers for public safety, as merely theoretical, but fail to engage its merits. Part III takes a closer look at the public safety claim in light of the torture debate and the ticking bomb scenario. Despite criticism, arguments in favour of compelled decryption based on the scenario remain theoretically plausible on consequentialist grounds, and rhetorically persuasive by aligning the need for compelled decryption with the value of life (over dignity or privacy). The public safety claim also challenges a common view among opponents of compelled decryption that such powers do not involve a trade-off between privacy and security but between two forms of security. The article concludes by considering the possible impact on the debate of a terrorist act implicating encryption.
Analisis Pengaruh Interferensi Frekuensi Terhadap Kinerja Access Point Dengan Teknologi IEEE 802.11n
Authors: Darmiantini Suri , Arimbawa I Wayan Agus , Jatmika Andy Hidayat 
Published: October 2019

Technologies that support wireless networks include WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network). One of the most widely used WLAN products today is IEEE 802.11n while the WPAN application is Bluetooth. Using the same frequency band in a coverage area can cause interference. Interference that occurs can be caused due to the use of 2 pieces of the same communication system, as well as different in a region.
This study aims to determine how much influence interference has on the decline in the quality of a communication system with parameters measuring bandwidth, jitter, and packet loss. From the results of measurements and analysis shows that network quality is affected due to interference. Where if the network is free from interference around it, the network quality will be better, if the network experiences interference because using the same frequency band in the same coverage area can affect network quality such as reduced bandwidth value, increased jitter, and packet loss as well as channel usage and different channels. And the closer the distance of the access point that uses a different channel in a coverage area will cause the decreasing bandwidth value to increase the value of jitter and packet loss and vice versa.
Keywords: interference, wireless, channel, bandwidth, jitter, packet loss.
Identifikasi Entamoeba hystolitica dan Balantidium coli pada Lalat di Pasar Legi Surakarta
Authors: Lestari Hani Dwi , Mulyowati Tri 
Published: October 2019

Lalat merupakan salah satu serangga yang termasuk ke dalam Ordo Diptera yang kehadirannya dapat mengganggu ketentraman manusia dan sebagai vector mekanik penularan penyakit. Kebiasaan lalat yang menyukai tempat-tempat kotor seperti pasar yang menyebabkan semua bagian tubuh lalat dapat dengan mudah membawa parasit jenis protozoa usus pada tubuhnya seperti Entamoebahistolytica, Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, dan Balatidium coli. Beberapa spesies Lalat mendapat perhatian cukup tinggi di bidang kesehatan. Penyakit-penyakit yang biasanya ditularkan lalat antara lain kolera, diare, disentri, tifus, dan penyakit pencernaan. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Setia Budi, Surakarta. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 40 sampel yang terdiri dari 20 sampel Musca domestica dan 20 sampel Chrysomya megachepala. Identifikasi Entamoeba hystolitica dan Balantidium coli pada lalat dilakukan dengan metode sedimentasi yang menggunakan lauratan NaCl 0,9% dan kemudian dilakukan pengamatan secara mikroskopis. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi Entamoeba hystolitica dan Balantidium coli pada tubuh lalat Muscadomestica danChrysomyamegacephala yang diperoleh di Pasar Legi, Surakarta ditemukan 1 kista Entamoeba histolytica pada Musca domestica dengan prosentase 5% dan 2 Trofozoit Balantidium coli pada Chrysomya megacephala dengan prosentase 10%.
PERAN AYAH DALAM MASYARAKAT JAWA: TINJAUAN PSIKOLOGI INDIGENOUS
Authors: Mukti Patria , Widyastuti Endang 
Published: October 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengeksplorasi secara mendalam mengenai peran keluarga dalam perspektif Indigenous budaya masyarakat jawa dalam rangka meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan daya saing bangsa. Target khusus dalam penelitian ini adalah peran ayah dalam perspektif Indigenous budaya masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan mental masyarakat.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan open ended questioner analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Tahapan penelitian meliputi analisis kancah penelitian, kajian pustaka, pengumpulan data untuk menganalisa data dengan cara mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan data yang telah terkumpul, penetapan kategori, untuk diambil kesimpulan. Adapun metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah open ended questoner sebagai data primer dan dokumentasi sebagai data sekundernya.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran ayah dalam masyarakat Jawa lebih pada seorang ayah mengajarkan sopan santun, keramahan, kejujuran, tanggung jawab, budaya. Memberi contoh dalam mendidik anak, bagaimana menjadi panutan, motivator serta menjadi pemimpin dan tulang punggung keluarga.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN BRAIN GYM TERHADAP PENINGKATANKEMAMPUAN KONSENTRASI PADA ANAK ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
Authors: Rafitaka Anastria , Karini Suci Murti , Supratiwi Mahardika 
Published: October 2019

Kurangnya kemampuan konsentrasi merupakan salah satu ciri anak yang mengalami Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Brain gym merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kemampuan konsentrasi anak ADHD. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh brain gym terhadap peningkatan kemampuan konsentrasi anak yang mengalami ADHD.
Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen kasus tunggal desain A-B, dengan fase baseline 4 kali dan fase intervensi 6 kali. Terdapat 11 gerakan brain gym yang diberikan kepada subjek. Subjek dalam penelitian ini satu anak yang mengalami ADHD. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan tes Digit Span dan observasi durasi kemampuan konsentrasi dengan tugas mewarnai gambar. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisa grafik deskriptif dalam kondisi dan antar kondisi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan konsentrasi meningkat dengan kecenderungan arah dan perubahan level meningkat +1 pada hasil tes digit span dan meningkat +23 pada observasi durasi kemampuan konsentrasi. Presentase overlap yang diperoleh pada pengukuran dengan digit span adalah 33,3% sedangkan pada observasi durasi kemampuan konsentrasi adalah 0%.
Simpulan yang dapat diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pelatihan brain gym berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kemampuan konsentrasi pada anak ADHD.
Stereotactic laser ablation for completion corpus callosotomy
Authors: Huang Yuhao , Yecies Derek , Bruckert Lisa , Parker Jonathon J. , Ho Allen L. , Kim Lily H. , Fornoff Linden , Wintermark Max , Porter Brenda , Yeom Kristen W. , Halpern Casey H. , Grant Gerald A. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVECompletion corpus callosotomy can offer further remission from disabling seizures when a prior partial corpus callosotomy has failed and residual callosal tissue is identified on imaging. Traditional microsurgical approaches to section residual fibers carry risks associated with multiple craniotomies and the proximity to the medially oriented motor cortices. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) represents a minimally invasive approach for the ablation of residual fibers following a prior partial corpus callosotomy. Here, the authors report clinical outcomes of 6 patients undergoing LITT for completion corpus callosotomy and characterize the radiological effects of ablation.METHODSA retrospective clinical review was performed on a series of 6 patients who underwent LITT completion corpus callosotomy for medically intractable epilepsy at Stanford University Medical Center and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford between January 2015 and January 2018. Detailed structural and diffusion-weighted MR images were obtained prior to and at multiple time points after LITT. In 4 patients who underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), streamline tractography was used to reconstruct and evaluate tract projections crossing the anterior (genu and rostrum) and posterior (splenium) parts of the corpus callosum. Multiple diffusion parameters were evaluated at baseline and at each follow-up.RESULTSThree pediatric (age 8–18 years) and 3 adult patients (age 30–40 years) who underwent completion corpus callosotomy by LITT were identified. Mean length of follow-up postoperatively was 21.2 (range 12–34) months. Two patients had residual splenium, rostrum, and genu of the corpus callosum, while 4 patients had residual splenium only. Postoperative complications included asymptomatic extension of ablation into the left thalamus and transient disconnection syndrome. Ablation of the targeted area was confirmed on immediate postoperative diffusion-weighted MRI in all patients. Engel class I–II outcomes were achieved in 3 adult patients, whereas all 3 pediatric patients had Engel class III–IV outcomes. Tractography in 2 adult and 2 pediatric patients revealed time-dependent reduction of fractional anisotropy after LITT.CONCLUSIONSLITT is a safe, minimally invasive approach for completion corpus callosotomy. Engel outcomes for completion corpus callosotomy by LITT were similar to reported outcomes of open completion callosotomy, with seizure reduction primarily observed in adult patients. Serial DTI can be used to assess the presence of tract projections over time but does not classify treatment responders or nonresponders.
Association between postoperative DTI metrics and neurological deficits after posterior fossa tumor resection in children
Authors: Vedantam Aditya , Stormes Katie M. , Gadgil Nisha , Kralik Stephen F. , Aldave Guillermo , Lam Sandi K. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVEResection of posterior fossa tumors in children may be associated with persistent neurological deficits. It is unclear if these neurological deficits are associated with persistent structural damage to the cerebellar pathways. The purpose of this research was to define longitudinal changes in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in white matter cerebellar tracts and the clinical correlates of these metrics in children undergoing resection of posterior fossa tumors.METHODSLongitudinal brain DTI was performed in a cohort of pediatric patients who underwent resection of posterior fossa tumors. Fractional anisotropy (FA) of the superior cerebellar peduncles (SCPs) and middle cerebellar peduncles (MCPs) was measured on preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up DTI. Early postoperative (< 48 hours) and longer-term follow-up neurological deficits (mutism, ataxia, and extraocular movement dysfunction) were documented. Statistical analysis was performed to determine differences in FA values based on presence or absence of neurological deficits. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.RESULTSTwenty children (mean age 6.1 ± 4.1 years [SD], 12 males and 8 females) were included in this study. Follow-up DTI was performed at a median duration of 14.3 months after surgery, and the median duration of follow-up was 19.7 months. FA of the left SCP was significantly reduced on postoperative DTI in comparison with preoperative DTI (0.44 ± 0.07 vs 0.53 ± 0.1, p = 0.003). Presence of ataxia at follow-up was associated with a persistent reduction in the left SCP FA on follow-up DTI (0.43 ± 0.1 vs 0.55 ± 0.1, p = 0.016). Patients with early postoperative mutism who did not recover at follow-up had significantly decreased FA of the left SCP on early postoperative DTI in comparison with those who recovered (0.38 ± 0.05 vs 0.48 ± 0.06, p = 0.04).CONCLUSIONSDTI after resection of posterior fossa tumors in children shows that persistent reduction of SCP FA is associated with ataxia at follow-up.
A national analysis of 9655 pediatric cerebrovascular malformations: effect of hospital volume on outcomes
Authors: Ravindra Vijay M. , Karsy Michael , Lanpher Arianna , Bollo Robert J. , Griauzde Julius , Scott R. Michael , Couldwell William T. , Smith Edward R. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVEComprehensive multicenter data on the surgical treatment of pediatric cerebrovascular malformations (CVMs) in the US are lacking. The goal of this study was to identify national trends in patient demographics and assess the effect of hospital case volume on outcomes.METHODSAdmissions for CVMs (1997–2012) were identified from the nationwide Kids’ Inpatient Database. Admissions with and without craniotomy were reviewed separately. Patients were categorized by whether they were treated at low-, medium-, or high-volume centers (< 10, 10–40, > 40 cases/year, respectively). A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the association of hospital pediatric CVM case volume and clinical variables assessing outcomes.RESULTSAmong the 9655 patients, 1828 underwent craniotomy and 7827 did not. Patient age and race differed in the two groups, as did the rate of private medical payers. High-volume hospitals had fewer nonroutine discharges (11.2% [high] vs 16.4% [medium] vs 22.3% [low], p = 0.0001). For admissions requiring craniotomy, total charges ($106,282 [high] vs $126,215 [medium] vs $134,978 [low], p < 0.001) and complication rates (0.09% [high] vs 0.11% [medium] vs 0.16% [low], p = 0.001) were lower in high-volume centers.CONCLUSIONSThis study revealed that further investigation may be needed regarding barriers to surgical treatment of pediatric CVMs. The authors found that surgical treatment of pediatric CVM at high-volume centers is associated with significantly fewer complications, better dispositions, and lower costs, but for noncraniotomy patients, low-volume centers had lower rates of complications and death and lower costs. These findings may support the consideration of appropriate referral of CVM patients requiring surgery or with intracranial hemorrhage toward high-volume, specialized centers.