bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simpson's tachytely or bradytely? The importance of quantifying rate uncertainty
Authors: Zenil‐Ferguson Rosana , Liow Lee Hsiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The spectacular variation in species forms and richness across space and time can be explored using sophisticated and powerful tools recently developed by evolutionary modellers. In this contribution, we ask if the classic ‘Simpsonian’ view of tachytelic (fast), horotelic (standard) and bradytelic (slow) diversification rates can be distinguished with currently available tools and data. A neglected topic here is the role that the uncertainty of diversification rate estimates plays, where the lack of in‐depth uncertainty measures could hinder our ability to confidently suggest differences in speciation or extinction rates in any given comparison.

We propose quantifying the relative uncertainty of diversification estimates, to better compare diversification tempo across phylogenies of different sizes and ages. We present three case studies, using the most popular models for diversification rate estimation, with or without fossils, to investigate claims of bradytely or tachytely. Using summary statistics and linear models, we ask if point estimates of diversification rates are comparable across clades. More specifically, we fit a linear model to understand which phylogenetic tree properties (including size and age) may affect the uncertainty of diversification estimates.

We found the ‘Goldilocks of uncertainty’: Phylogenies that are young with insufficient tips or that are old increase the uncertainty of diversification estimates. The choice of diversification modelling approach is independent of the pattern of diversification rates decaying exponentially with clade age.

In practice, we still cannot confidently compare diversification rates or their variation, due to uncertainties stemming from clade age, sample size and biased sampling. We emphasize the need for researchers to focus on estimating and presenting uncertainty in their estimates. Such uncertainty estimates are currently absent from many publications, limiting our ability to compare the tempo of diversifications across the tree of life. We conclude by proposing solutions and guidelines to encourage new studies for measure uncertainty.
Politically connected audit committee and audit risk: Evidence from a quasi‐experiment
Authors: Perry Yumin Karen Zhang , Adrian Christofer , Truong Cameron 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present evidence that auditors consider audit committees with political connections in their audit pricing decisions. Our tests exploit Document 18 released in China in 2013 as a quasi‐experiment where government officials are required to resign from serving as independent directors in Chinese publicly listed firms. We identify 2862 treatment firms whose audit committees immediately lost political connections due to the exogenous shock imposed by Document 18. Our difference‐in‐differences analyses show that treatment firms incur significant audit fees increases after Document 18. Overall, our findings support the view that external auditors perceive client firms whose audit committees possess political connections as of lower audit risk.
Berberine and Lung Cancer: From Pure Form to Its Nanoformulations
Authors: Tamtaji Zeinab , Sheikhsagha Elham , Behnam Mohammad , Nabavizadeh Fatemeh , Shafiee Ardestani Mehdi , Rahmati‐Dehkordi Fatemeh , Aschner Michael , Mirzaei Hamed , Tamtaji Omid R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLung cancer is the most fatal cancer worldwide. The etiology of lung cancer has yet to be fully characterized. Smoking and air pollution are several risk factors for lung cancer. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an antihyperglycemic, antidepressant, antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer compound. Evidence substantiates that berberine has antitumor effects, exerting its effects by targeting a variety of cellular and molecular processes, such as apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, migration, and metastasis. Although the beneficial effects of berberine have been reported, some limitations including low bioavailability and absorption as well as poor aqueous solubility have hindered its clinical application. Nanotechnology and nanodelivery bioformulation approaches may bypass these limitations. In addition, the combination of berberine with other therapies has been shown to result in greater treatment efficacy for lung cancer. Herein, we summarize cellular and molecular pathways that are affected by berberine, its clinical efficacy upon various combinations, and the potential for nanotechnology in lung cancer therapy.
Complete skin remission of Sneddon‐Wilkinson disease with acalabrutinib
Authors: Bhullar Harmeet K. , Bhabha Friyana , McCormack Chris , Prince H. Miles 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSneddon‐Wilkinson (SW) disease is rare condition which typically occurs in the context of a monoclonal immunoglobulin and treatment options have not been well studied. Here we present a case of a 65‐year‐old female with SW with underlying, otherwise indolent, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) with an IgA paraprotein, who achieved a complete skin remission with the administration of the Bruton Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor (BTKi), acalabrutinib.
Expression of JAK/STAT signalling in bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Iyengar Laxmi , Hosking Patrick , Dowsett Joel , Su John 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the present study, we characterise the expression of JAK/STAT signalling in Bullous Pemphigoid (BP). Punch biopsy specimens of normal skin, lesional and perilesional skin of patients diagnosed with biopsy proven BP were utilised for immunoperoxidase labelling with commercially available antibodies for Phosphorylated STAT 1,2,3,5A and 6 (Genesearch, USA). Quantitative analysis demonstrated that in comparison to normal skin, phosphorylated STAT 2, 3, 5A and 6 were overexpressed in BP.
Development and Validation of a PIVKA‐II‐Based Model for HCC Risk Stratification in Patients With HCV‐Related Cirrhosis Successfully Treated With DAA
Authors: Caviglia Gian Paolo , Fariselli Piero , D'Ambrosio Roberta , Colombatto Piero , Degasperi Elisabetta , Ricco Gabriele , Abate Maria Lorena , Birolo Giovanni , Troshina Giulia , Damone Francesco , Coco Barbara , Cavallone Daniela , Perbellini Riccardo , Monico Sara , Saracco Giorgio Maria , Brunetto Maurizia Rossana , Lampertico Pietro , Ciancio Alessia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsPatients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related cirrhosis with sustained virological response (SVR) to direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) remain at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, serum protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist‐II (PIVKA‐II) has shown promising results as an HCC‐predictive biomarker. We aimed to develop and validate a PIVKA‐II‐based model for HCC risk stratification in cirrhotic patients with SVR to DAA.MethodsA total of 1220 consecutive patients (Turin, n = 531; Pisa, n = 335; Milan, n = 354) with HCV‐related cirrhosis treated with DAA were included in the study. Patients were retrospectively allocated to the training cohort (Turin+Pisa; median follow‐up [FU] 39, 22–55 months; incident HCC: 93 [10.7%]) and validation cohort (Milan; median FU 49.0, 35.0–52.0 months; incident HCC: 19 [5.4%]). Serum PIVKA‐II levels were measured using the LumipulseG system (Fujirebio, Japan) at SVR12 (Turin and Pisa cohorts) or the end of treatment (Milan cohort).ResultsUsing Cox regression analysis, a model including PIVKA‐II combined with age, sex, ALT, AST, γGT, platelet count, albumin and total bilirubin was derived from the training cohort (C‐index = 0.72). In the validation cohort, the model showed a C‐index of 0.71 with an area under the curve of 0.84 for identifying patients who developed HCC during the first 12 months of FU. When patients were grouped into three risk categories, the cumulative incidence of HCC was 2.7%, 4.0% and 14.3% in the low‐, medium‐ and high‐risk groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Notably, no HCC occurred within 3 years of FU in the low‐risk group.ConclusionsOur PIVKA‐II‐based model showed satisfactory accuracy for HCC risk stratification and may represent a valuable tool for implementing risk‐based surveillance protocols in patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis with SVR to DAA.
Risk factors for lenvatinib‐induced hypertension in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Uekusa Shusuke , Nakashin Misaki , Hanai Yuki , Nemoto Maho , Yanagino Sachiko , Arita Yoshiki , Matsumoto Takahiro , Wakui Noritaka , Nagai Hidenari , Higai Koji , Matsuo Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2024

AimsLenvatinib mesylate (LEN) is an orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LEN therapy for HCC is associated with a high incidence of adverse events, including hypertension (HTN). However, the risk factors associated with LEN therapy remain unclear. This study investigated the incidence of LEN‐induced HTN (LENiHTN), and the relationship between HTN incidence and patient demographics in patients with HCC receiving LEN therapy.MethodsThis was a single‐centre, retrospective study of patients with HCC who received LEN therapy between 19 April 2018 and 30 September 2020. The observation period was from 1 week before the start to 1 month after the end of LEN administration.ResultsSeventy‐five patients with HCC were enrolled. Any grade LENiHTN was found in 74.7% of patients. Among patients with LENiHTN, the use of 2 or more antihypertensive agents before starting LEN was less common (P = .007); serum potassium (K) and albumin–bilirubin score (ALBI) were lower (P = .013 and 0.038, respectively); and albumin (Alb) was higher (P = .025). The cut‐off values of K, Alb and ALBI for HTN were estimated at 4.1 mEq L−1, 3.1 g dL−1 and −1.736, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, low K (adjusted HR: 2.078) and low ALBI (adjusted HR: 2.845) were independent risk factors for LENiHTN.ConclusionLow K, high Alb and low ALBI were independent risk factors for LENiHTN. Systematic evaluation of HTN risk and early intervention for HTN prevention among high‐risk patients can markedly enhance LEN therapy efficacy and use.
CD71+ erythroid cells promote multiple myeloma progression and impair anti‐bacterial immune response
Authors: Czubak K. , Grzywa T. M. , Sidor‐Dzitkowska K. , Pilch Z. , Bielak K. , Hoser G. , Gewartowska O. , Malecka‐Gieldowska M. , Barankiewicz J. , Garbicz F. , Ciepiela O. , Juszczynski P. , Owczarek A. , Wegrzynowicz M. , Skirecki T. , Golab J. , Nowis D. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryMultiple myeloma (MM), one of the most frequent haematological malignancies, significantly increases the risk of bacterial infections due to treatment‐related side effects, comorbidities and cancer‐induced immune deficiencies. Recently, CD71+ erythroid cells (CECs) have been identified as key immunomodulators in neonates and cancer patients, but their role in MM progression remains unclear. Using a murine MM model, closely resembling human disease, we observed that MM progression is associated with anaemia and an increase in immature CECs, which are characterized by elevated arginase 2 (ARG2) expression. These MM‐associated CECs suppress T‐cell proliferation, contributing to impaired immune responses. Notably, ARG2 deficiency in mice led to slower MM progression and improved survival. Furthermore, MM‐bearing mice exhibited higher susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infections, mirroring the increased infection risk in MM patients. Our findings suggest that ARG2‐expressing CECs play a critical role in MM‐associated immune suppression and infection susceptibility, pointing out ARG2 as a potential therapeutic target to enhance immune function and reduce infection risks in MM patients.
Forecasting Türkiye Local Inflation With Global Factors
Authors: Cepni Oguzhan , Kazdal Abdullah , Olgun Muhammed Enes , Yilmaz Muhammed Hasan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates whether inflation forecasting in emerging economies can be improved with the inclusion of a global inflation component. Focusing on the headline inflation rate of Türkiye, we implement a forecasting exercise using a large dataset describing domestic macroeconomic as well as global inflation dynamics. Our factor‐augmented predictive regression results show that incorporating global inflation factors derived from other emerging markets' inflation rates enhances forecasting accuracy of the local headline inflation rate. The results are robust to using alternative dimension‐reduction methods, including the elastic net technique. Our findings contribute to the current methodological toolkit available to policymakers for predicting inflation in an emerging market context.
Bacterial information in serum extracellular vesicles reflects the inflammation of adherent perinephric fat
Authors: Uemura Toshihiro , Kawashima Atsunari , Jingushi Kentaro , Motooka Daisuke , Saito Takuro , Sassi Nesrine , Horibe Yuki , Yamamoto Akinaru , Liu Yutong , Tani Masaru , Yoshimura Akihiro , Oka Toshiki , Okuda Yohei , Yamamichi Gaku , Ishizuya Yu , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Kato Taigo , Hatano Koji , Tsujikawa Kazutake , Wada Hisashi , Nonomura Norio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAdipose tissue and bacterial flora are involved in metabolism in the human body. However, the relationship between the two remains unclear. Recently, the presence of circulating bacterial DNAs has been reported. We previously reported the utility of bacterial DNA in serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) for diagnosing patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this study, we aimed to assess whether there is a correlation between bacterial DNA in serum EVs and inflammation in adipose tissue. We undertook 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis of bacterial DNA in serum EVs from 77 patients with RCC (the derivation cohort). We discovered that DNAs from Enterobacteriaceae, Polaromonas, and Coxiellaceae were highly expressed in patients with low Mayo adhesive probability (MAP) scores. A lower MAP score reflects a reduced risk of dense adipose tissue and adhesions. Additionally, we combined these bacterial DNAs to create the EPC (Enterobacteriaceae, Polaromonas, Coxiellaceae) index that predicts a MAP score of 0. Subsequently, we undertook 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis of bacterial DNA in serum EVs from 32 patients with RCC (the validation cohort). The EPC index could distinguish patients with low MAP scores from those with high MAP scores in the derivation (area under the curve [AUC], 0.76; sensitivity, 56%; specificity, 85%) and validation (AUC, 0.81; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 62%) cohorts. These results suggest that bacterial DNA in serum EVs could reflect the inflammation of adherent perinephric fat around the kidney.
Innovative Photoprotection Strategy: Development of 2‐(Benzoxazol‐2‐Yl)[(2‐Hydroxynaphthyl)Diazenyl] Phenol Derivatives for Comprehensive Absorption of UVB, UVA, and Blue Light
Authors: Sousa Karen , Picada Jaqueline Nascimento , da Silva Gabriela Rodrigues , Solka Larissa da Cunha , de Oliveira Iuri Marques , Henriques João Antonio Pêgas , Campo Leandra Franciscato , Corrêa Dione Silva 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOverexposure to blue light due to the excessive use of electronic devices has been implicated in premature skin aging and eye damage, among other injuries to health. This study aimed to synthesize two azo derivatives of the 2‐(amino‐2′‐hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazole and explore their potential as UV and blue light filters, proposing a new spectral profile. The synthesis of the heterocyclic compounds involved condensation reactions and diazotation. The derivatives 2‐(benzoxazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐[(2‐hydroxynaphthyl)diazenyl]phenol and 2‐(benzoxazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐[(2‐hydroxynaphthyl)diazenyl]phenol were synthesized with a yield greater than 70%. Solubility was evaluated in seven different solvents. The maximum absorption wavelengths (λmax) were determined using UV–Vis scanning spectrophotometry in the range of 200–600 nm. Photostability was assessed using a solar simulator and the Sun protection factor (SPF) was determined using in vitro methodology. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay in V79 cells. These compounds were able to absorb UVA, UVB, and blue light, with λmax ranging from 300 to 500 nm and demonstrated photostability after 3 h of exposure to solar simulator with an SPF higher than 45. The compounds exhibited solubility in all lipophilic solvents tested. Regarding cytotoxicity, IC50 values were comparable to other filters. These findings indicate that both compounds hold promise as potential organic filters.
The prognostic impact of the Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio on End‐Stage Renal Disease among patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zou Yutong , Yang Qing , Lang Yanlin , Liu Ke , Yuan Jiamin , Yang Jia , Chai Zhonglin , Cooper Mark E. , Liu Fang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio (SHR), a new biomarker calculated from glucose and HbA1c levels, has been linked to significant clinical outcomes in diabetes. This study investigates the potential of the SHR to predict End‐Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) among patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD).MethodsWe included 316 participants from the West China Hospital T2DM‐DKD cohort (January 2008–September 2020), divided into three SHR tertiles: T1 (SHR <0.7), T2 (SHR ≥0.7 to <0.94) and T3 (SHR ≥0.94). A second retrospective cohort of 625 DKD patients was recruited from Sichuan University Hospital (January 2019–May 2022), with similar inclusion criteria. SHR was analysed using Restricted Cubic Spline, Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. Key confounders such as eGFR, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and glucose‐lowering medications were adjusted for in the analysis.ResultsIn Cohort 1 (median follow‐up 42 months), 38.6% developed ESRD. Kaplan–Meier curves showed a higher incidence of ESRD in the lowest and highest SHR tertiles compared to the middle group (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis confirmed that SHR <0.7 (HR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.01–2.90) and SHR ≥0.94 (HR 1.93, 95% CI: 1.16–3.20) were significantly associated with ESRD. In Cohort 2 (median follow‐up 18.6 months), patients with SHR <0.7 and ≥0.94 had significantly higher risks of ≥30% eGFR decline or ESRD, with adjusted HRs of 2.18 (95% CI: 1.15–4.11) and 2.68 (95% CI: 1.38–5.23), respectively.ConclusionThis study observed a U‐shaped relationship between SHR and ESRD in patients with DKD. Both very high and very low SHR values correlate with increased risks, highlighting the critical importance of glucose management in chronic diabetes care.
Christian Platonism, Transvalued: Rethinking Anselm's Formula
Authors: Goodchild Philip 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAnselm's Proslogion developed its famous argument through meditation on a single formula: ‘Now we believe that You are something than which nothing greater can be thought’. This article aims to re‐enact such a meditation under changed conditions, bringing out a different sense of metaphysical dependence. That which cannot be thought without existing can now be located in (a) what really matters, (b) what is truly sincere, and (c) what is ultimately trustworthy. Once conceived as metaphysical problems, these offer a fresh route into comprehending a metaphysical God who truly exists: a Christian Platonism, transvalued. The purpose of this article is introductory: to offer a route into this renewed way of thinking, rather than a comprehensive elaboration or a scholarly assessment of Anselm.
Comparing short‐term mortality between people with and without HIV admitted to the intensive care unit: A single‐centre matched cohort study (2000–2019)
Authors: Bakewell N. , Kanitkar T. , Dissanayake O. , Symonds M. , Rimmer S. , Adlakha A. , Lipman M. C. , Bhagani S. , Agarwal B. , Miller R. F. , Sabin C. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe survival rate of people with HIV admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) is approaching that of people without HIV. We conducted a matched‐cohort study of people with and without HIV admitted to ICU at a large hospital to compare short‐term mortality, during 2000–2019.MethodsPeople with HIV were matched to people without HIV (1:2) on age, sex, admission year and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE)‐II score. Applying logistic regression models fitted using independence estimating equations, we describe population‐averaged associations of HIV with short‐term (in‐ICU, in‐hospital) mortality during a patient's first admission to ICU, and explore whether these varied by year.ResultsA total of 177 people with HIV were matched to 354 people without HIV (71.2% vs. 71.2% male; median age: 47 vs. 48 years, median APACHE‐II: 18 vs. 17, median admission year: 2013 vs. 2013). Among people with HIV, 73.4% were on antiretroviral therapy, 51.2% had HIV‐RNA ≤50 copies/mL and median CD4 T‐cell count was 132 cells/L. People with HIV had higher in‐ICU (24.3% vs. 15.3%) and in‐hospital (31.6% vs. 20.1%) mortality. People with HIV had 1.69‐fold higher odds (95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.76) of in‐ICU mortality and 1.86 (1.19–2.91) higher odds of in‐hospital mortality than people without HIV, adjusted for age, sex, year and APACHE‐II. There was no evidence that these associations varied by year (p‐interaction‐in‐ICU = 0.90; p‐interaction‐in‐hospital = 0.46).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that although outcomes have improved over time, people with HIV continue to have higher short‐term in‐ICU and in‐hospital mortality following ICU admission compared with people without HIV with similar characteristics.
Relationship between psychological capital and nursing burnout: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Orgambídez Alejandro , Borrego Yolanda , Cantero‐Sánchez Francisco J. , León‐Pérez Jose M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to analyze studies that examined the relationship between psychological capital and burnout in registered nurses.Background and introductionRegistered nurses are subject to high rates of burnout, with negative consequences on health, well‐being, and quality of care. Psychological capital could be an important element in preventing or reducing this condition.MethodsThis research is based on the Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis. A total of 180 studies on psychological capital and burnout were retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and PsycINFO. The articles were written in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese. Then, 23 studies were included in several meta‐analyses (random‐effects models) performed with the R statistical program.ResultsAnalysis of the 23 studies revealed that psychological capital and burnout are significantly correlated. The Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were the most used scales to measure psychological capital and burnout, respectively. The meta‐analyses showed an inverse correlation between psychological capital and burnout (r = −0.44, 95% CI [−0.51, −0.36], n = 6092), and emotional exhaustion (r = −0.32, 95% CI [−0.42, −0.21], n = 3349).ConclusionThis review provides evidence of the negative relationship between psychological capital and burnout in registered nurses. Therefore, enhancing psychological capital is an effective strategy to prevent and reduce burnout in nurses.Implications for nursing and health policyPsychological capital is a personal resource open to development over time and susceptible to interventions aimed at promoting optimism, efficacy, hope, and resilience. In that sense, training aimed at improving psychological capital, as a protective mechanism to prevent and reduce burnout and emotional exhaustion, should be considered together with organizational measures to promote nurses' health and well‐being.