bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New dosimetric approach for multidimensional dose evaluation in gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Foroni R. , Gambraini G. , Danesi U. , Mauri M. , Pompilio E. , Pirola L. , Nicolato A. , Ferraresi P. , Gerosa M. 
Published: February 2019

✓ During the past two decades, the progress in computerized treatment planning systems has led to more accurate imaging and therapy by using the gamma knife, especially with the smallest collimators (4 mm). However, the ionization chambers that have been used to calibrate the gamma knife are not useful with the smallest collimators because the chambers are too big compared with the irradiated volume. Therefore, it is important to develop more suitable dosimeters. This study proposes a new dosimeter method.
The FriXyGel method proposed here is based on a phantom dosimeter, an acquisition chain, and dedicated software. This dosimeter uses an agarose gel into which a ferrous sulphate solution (Fricke solution) and a metal ion indicator (xylenol orange) are incorporated. The absorbed dose is detected through measurements of visible light transmission, imaged by means of a charge-coupled device camera provided with a suitable optical filter. Gel layers are imaged before and after irradiation, and the differences in light absorption are related to the absorbed dose. By choosing convenient thickness of gel layers and by building up a phantom with different gel slices, it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the absorbed dose.
The final 3D representation is reached after several mathematical processes have been applied to the images. The first step identifies and reduces all factors that could alter the original data, such as nonuniformity in illumination. Then, after calibration procedures, it is possible to obtain absorbed dose values and to discover their 3D representation. This goal has been reached by developing appropriate software that performs all the calculations necessary for spatial representation routines and prompt comparison with theoretical calculations.
First experience in using Novalis shaped beam radiosurgery in Korea
Authors: Whang Choong Jin , Yee Gi Taek , Choi Chan Young , Sohn Moon-Jun , Lee Dong Joon 
Published: February 2019

Object. The role of radiosurgery has become increasingly important in the treatment of intracranial lesions. In this study the authors evaluated the efficacy of the Novalis shaped beam radiosurgery system (dedicated linear accelerator) for various brain and spinal lesions.
Methods. Between November 2000 and October 2003 the authors treated 356 cases of various intracranial and extracranial lesions with Novalis shaped beam radiosurgery. Of these 356 cases, 109 cases were followed for more than a 2-year period. Fifty patients underwent fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery. Twenty patients (40%) harbored benign tumors (two acoustic neuromas, seven meningiomas, five pituitary adenomas, four optic gliomas, and two craniopharyngiomas), 18 patients (36%) harbored malignant tumors (16 glioblastoma multiforme [GBM], and two metastases), and the others included five with brainstem gliomas, one chordoma, five gliomas, and one with an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Eighteen of 20 patients with benign tumors had good tumor control. Of 59 patients treated with single-dose stereotactic radiosurgery, 24 had benign intracranial tumors (12 acoustic neuromas, 11 meningiomas, and one pituitary adenoma), 20 had malignant tumors (two GBMs and 18 metastases), and the others were eight AVMs, two glomus jugulare tumors, three lymphomas, one pineal tumor, and one spinal tumor.
Conclusions. Stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery using the Novalis shaped beam radiosurgery system are effective and safe noninvasive treatment modalities for various intracranial and extracranial lesions.
Safety and efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery for tumors of the spine
Authors: Benzil Deborah L. , Saboori Mehran , Mogilner Alon Y. , Rocchio Ronald , Moorthy Chitti R. 
Published: February 2019

Object. The extension of stereotactic radiosurgery treatment of tumors of the spine has the potential to benefit many patients. As in the early days of cranial stereotactic radiosurgery, however, dose-related efficacy and toxicity are not well understood. The authors report their initial experience with stereotactic radiosurgery of the spine with attention to dose, efficacy, and toxicity.
Methods. All patients who underwent stereotactic radiosurgery of the spine were treated using the Novalis unit at Westchester Medical Center between December 2001 and January 2004 are included in a database consisting of demographics on disease, dose, outcome, and complications. A total of 31 patients (12 men, 19 women; mean age 61 years, median age 63 years) received treatment for 35 tumors. Tumor types included 26 metastases (12 lung, nine breast, five other) and nine primary tumors (four intradural, five extradural). Thoracic tumors were most common (17 metastases and four primary) followed by lumbar tumors (four metastases and four primary). Lesions were treated to the 85 to 90% isodose line with spinal cord doses being less than 50%. The dose per fraction and total dose were selected on the basis of previous treatment (particularly radiation exposure), size of lesion, and proximity to critical structures.
Conclusions. Rapid and significant pain relief was achieved after stereotactic radiosurgery in 32 of 34 treated tumors. In patients treated for metastases, pain was relieved within 72 hours and remained reduced 3 months later. Pain relief was achieved with a single dose as low as 500 cGy. Spinal cord isodoses were less than 50% in all patients except those with intradural tumors (mean single dose to spinal cord 268 cGy and mean total dose to spinal cord 689 cGy). Two patients experienced transient radiculitis (both with a biological equivalent dose (BED) > 60 Gy). One patient who suffered multiple recurrences of a conus ependymoma had permanent neurological deterioration after initial improvement. Pathological evaluation of this lesion at surgery revealed radiation necrosis with some residual/recurrent tumor. No patient experienced other organ toxicity.
Stereotactic radiosurgery of the spine is safe at the doses used and provides effective pain relief. In this study, BEDs greater than 60 Gy were associated with an increased risk of radiculitis.
KAJIAN PERSENTASE PENAMBAHAN GULA TERHADAP KOMPONEN MUTU SIRUP BUAH NAGA MERAH
Authors: Asmawati Asmawati , Sunardi Hamzan , Ihromi Syirril 
Published: February 2019

Buah naga (Dragon Fruit) merupakan tanaman musiman yang biasanya dikonsumsi dalam bentuk segar. Buah naga termasuk dalam buah yang eksotik karena penampilannya yang menarik ,rasanya asam manis menyegarkan dan memiliki beragam manfaat untuk kesehatan. Manfaat buah naga antara lain adalah sebagai anti hiperkolesterolemik, anti radikal bebas karena mengandung betasianin.Untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah dari buah naga merah ,maka dapat diolah menjadi beberapa jenis olahan,diantaranya jus, selai, es goyang, jelly dan sirup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahu ipengaruh persentase penambahan gulaterhadap sifat kimia dan organoleptik sirup buah naga merah.Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan satu factor yaitu persentase penambahan gula dalam pembuatan sirup buah naga merah gula yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan (P1: 45 %, P2 : 50 % P3 : 55 % P4 : 60 %, P5 : 65 %). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali sehingga diperoleh 15 unit percobaan. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan analisis keragaman (Analisis of variance) pada taraf nyata 5 %.Bila terdapat pengaruh bedanyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf nyata yang sama.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Persentase penambahan gula berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap sifat kimia yaitu kadar gula reduksi, kadar air, dan sifat organoleptik rasa dan kekentalan, tetap tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap sifat kimia vitamin c dan sifat organoleptik warna,dan aroma sirup buah naga merah yang diamati. Semakin tinggi persentase penambahan gula dalam pembuatan sirup buah naga merah maka kadar gula reduksi semakin tinggi sedangkan kadar air semakin menurun. Persentase penambahan gula sampai perlakuan P5 (penambahan gula 65 %) cenderung masih disukai panelis dari segi aroma, rasa dan kekentalan.
An investigation on power loss of an out-to-in body wireless radio frequency link
Authors: Chen Xingguang , Chen Zhiying , Gao Yueming , Liu Wenzhu , Jiang Ruixin , Du Min , Jiang Haiyan 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND: Implantable medical sensors for monitoring and transmitting physiological signals like blood glucose, blood oxygen, electrocardiogram, and endoscopic video present a new way for health care and disease prevention. Nevertheless, the signals transmitted by implantable sensors undergo significant attenuation as they propagate through various biological tissue layers. OBJECTIVE: This paper mainly aims to investigate the power loss of an out-to-in body wireless radio frequency link at 2.45 GHz. METHODS: Two simulation models including the single-layer human tissue model and three-layer human tissue model were established, applying the finite element method (FEM). Two experiments using physiological saline and excised porcine tissue were conducted to measure the power loss of a wireless radio frequency link at 2.45 GHz. Various communication distances and implantation depths were investigated in our study. RESULTS: The results from our measurements show that each 2 cm increase in implantation depth will result in an additional power loss of about 10 dB. The largest difference in values obtained from the measurements and the simulations is within 4 dB, which indicates that the experiments are in good agreement with the simulations. CONCLUSIONS: These results are significant for the estimate of how electromagnetic energy changes after propagating through human tissues, which can be used as a reference for the link budget of transceivers or other implantable medical devices.
¿Tiene cabida en la empresa el desarrollo humano integral?
Authors: Melé Dòmenec 
Published: February 2019

El desarrollo humano integral –desarrollo de todo el hombre y de todos los hombres– abarca la vida entera y, por tanto, no queda excluido de la empresa. El desarrollo humano en la empresa tiene lugar por el trabajo y la convivencia dentro de la organización empresarial. Mejorar tal desarrollo es, en primer lugar, responsabilidad de cada persona, pero las condiciones de trabajo pueden favorecerlo o dificultarlo. En este contexto, los directivos de empresa, en primer lugar, tienen la responsabilidad, de no impedirlo ya sea mandando o motivando de modo contrario al verdadero desarrollo humano. Cumplido este requisito, la segunda responsabilidad es favorecerlo, de modo que se estimule el sentido de servicio y la adquisición de virtudes humanas. Esto último está relacionado con la organización del trabajo, la convivencia y la cultura organizativa y el modo de liderar.
Frailty, Physical Fitness and Quality of Life: a comparison between Physically Frail and Robust Older Women
Authors: Castillo de Lima Vivian , Carvalho Sampaio Ricardo Aurélio , Coelho-Junior Hélio José , Kawagosi Onodera Carolina Mie , Da Silva Grigoletto Marzo Edir , Uchida Marco Carlos , Sewo-Sampaio Priscila Yukari 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare physical fitness, quality of life and domains of frailty between physically frail and robust older women, whose was classified by the physical domain from Kihon Checklist.
Method: One hundred and thirty-two community-dwelling older women participated in the study (68.5 ± 6.1 years). Data were collected through questionnaires (sociodemographic, Kihon Checklist, Short Form-8 items) and physical and functional tests.
Results: Most frail older women lived alone (P<0.01), had lower frequency of leaving home weekly (P<0.03) and reported a greater history of fall events compared to the robust ones (P<0.01). In addition, physically frail older women presented lower performance in handgrip strength, walking speed usual and maximum, and Timed Up and Go. In addition, they had worst results in other domains of frailty (i.e., instrumental activities of daily living, oral condition, socialization, cognition) as well as a lower quality of life. Older women leaving home in a lower frequency and living alone may present an increase of emotional issues and, occasionally, a decrease of the quality of life.
Conclusion: Physical frail older women leaving home less present lower muscle strength and power and, a combination of frailties besides the physical one.
Teachers views about limitations / barriers of implementing teachers ‘evaluation system in Undergraduate dental education in Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Md Shoheilul , Ahmed Md Salahuddin , Talukder Humayun Kabir , Khan Md Ismail , Ansary Jamil Ahsan 
Published: February 2019

Teachers are the main elements of dental education and naturally their performance has an essential role in health service efficiency. It is a series of activities and actions that are interconnected and relate to a specific purpose in the last two decades, the importance of teaching evaluation has been emphasized in higher education. Many medical and dental schools have searched for ways to effectively and constructively evaluate performances of their faculty members. The most common sources of evaluation data have been students, peers, and teachers themselves1. Teacher evaluation is often designed to serve two purposes- to measure teacher competence and to foster professional development and growth. The goal of any effective evaluation process must be growth of good teacher2. Everyone wants to see our teachers grow and help them maximize their potential. Therefore the process is not one of “Got You” but rather one of facilitating growth. One of the qualities we need to have as educational leaders is that of humility and we should want to see our teachers succeed3. This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among the teachers of three dental colleges of Dhaka city in last one year (2010-2011). Data were collected by convenience sampling. One public dental college and two private dental colleges were chosen according to the convenience of the researcher.34 teachers participated the study 34 (n-34) by semi structured self-administered questionnaire to explore their views regarding teacher’s evaluation in undergraduate dental education. All the answers were recorded by writing and checked at the end of the interview.
Update Dent. Coll. j: 2018; 8 (2): 2-4
THE COMMUNICATION BARRIERS IN THE HEALTH PROMOTION OF FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM (KB) IUD IN BANDUNG
Authors: Prasanti Ditha 
Published: February 2019

Health is the main factor that attracts the public attention today. In an effort to improve the quality of social welfare and public health, the government also conducts health promotion of family planning programs (KB) in various regions. This family planning program has various options, but the government currently being pushed is the use of KB IUD. This health promotion activity also took place in the village of Cimanggu, West Bung. Dinas Kesehatan cooperate with Cimanggu village to conduct health promotion of KB IUD program. But, in fact, the program is not as easy as it thinks. Therefore, the authors raised this study which aims to determine the barriers of communication in the health promotion of Family Planning Program (KB) IUD in Cimanggu village, West Bandung. The research approach is qualitative approach with descriptive method. In determining informant, writer use purposive sampling technique, got 4 person informant. The data collection techniques are observation, interview, and documentation study. The results of the research show that communication barriers in health promotion of IUD family planning program in Cimanggu village, West Bupang Regency cover: (1) education barrier of Cimanggu villagers as communicant in health promotion program of IUD family planning program; (2) cultural barriers of Cimanggu villagers, which are still strong with the values of local wisdom developed in Cimanggu village; (3) psychological barriers, feelings of fear and fear of excessive pain experienced by the society, certainly in this case is women in the productive age.
HEGEMONI di MEDIA SOSIAL: KASUS AKUN GOSIP INSTAGRAM @LAMBE_TURAH
Authors: Juditha Christiany 
Published: February 2019

Abstract The latest news about the celebrities can not only be obtained from television infotainment only, but also through gossip accounts in social media. One of them in Instagram account @ lambe_turah. This account is very profitable for business because it can be a media promotion of various products. But by revealing the privacy of people without thinking about the implications and reactions of society because it becomes a problem. Until here hegemony (power) as a social media seems to dominate this phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to get an overview of the economic, social and political hegemony of social media on the @lambe_turahgossip account. This research method using literature study. The results conclude that the economic strength of @ lambe_turah can be seen from the messages distributed simultaneously, when and where it can be accepted by its followers consisting of various audiences’ class. With the number of millions followers, @lambe_turah enter the line of endorsement programs that generate economic benefits. Political hegemony @ lambe_turah can be seen freely they post any news about the celebrities either the positive or negative. This unlimited power has made @lambe_turah several times having problems with a number of artists especially if the news is negative. While the cultural hegemony in @ lambe_turah is symmetrically illustrated by the many postings that are like and commented on indicate that netizen's attention is very high. @lambe_turah also has a major influence in the formation of public opinion. Keywords: hegemony, social media, gossip account, instagram, lambe_turah
PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN PEER LESSON TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA TERPADU SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 6 KOTA BIMA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Suryani Erni 
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui pengaruh strategi Pembelajaran Peer Lesson terhadap hasil belajar IPA Terpadu siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Kota Bima. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi eksperimen dengan desain Posttest-Only Control Group Design. Populasi yang digunakan adalah semua kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Kota Bima. Yang terdiri atas dua kelas. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Simple Random Sampling yaitu memilih 29 orang dari masing-masing kelas dengan melihat nilai awal siswa kemudian menjadikan satu kelas sebagai kelas eksperimen dan satu kelas sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes hasil belajar, dan lembar observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa untuk kelas eksperimen yang diajar menggunakan strategi pembelajaran Peer Lesson sebesar 69,31 sedangkan untuk kelas kontrol yang tidak diajar menggunakan strategi pembelajaran Peer Lesson sebesar 52,06.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan uji hipotesis diperoleh thitung = 4,758 > ttabel =2,003. Karena nilai thitung > ttabel maka Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara siswa yang diajar dengan Strategi pembelajaran Peer Lesson dengan siswa yang tidak diajar dengan strategi pembelajaran Peer Lesson pada kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Kota Bima
Meningkatkan pemahaman konsep Aljabar dan keterampilan proses Matematika siswa SMPN 1 Kusan Hilir kelas VII E dengan model pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing tahun pelajaran 2014/2015
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi 
Published: February 2019

SMPN 1 Kusan Hilir adalah sebuah sekolah yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebuah model maupun metode pembelajaran secara kontekstual. Rendahnya hasil belajar dikarenakan pembelajaran masih terpaku oleh papan tulis di sekolah. Salah satu variasi model pembelajaran agar siswa lebih aktif sehingga keberhasilan belajar di ajarkan dan keterampilan proses dapat meningkat diantaranya adalah pembelajaran menggunakan model inkuiri terbimbing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan proses matematika siswa, mengetahui aktivitas siswa, dan respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing pada konsep aljabar Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang direncanakan 2 siklus, siklus I dan siklus II yang terdiri dari 2 kali pertemuan. Penelitian ini mengunakan analisis kualitatif berupa angket dan analisis kuantitatif berupa nilai tes Subjek. Penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII E SMPN 1 Kusan Hilir sebanyak 24 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model inkuiri terbimbing dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan proses matematika untuk ketuntasan klasikal siklus I pada pretes yaitu 12% menjadi 33,33% dan postes siklus I sebesar 29,16% menjadi 54,16%. Untuk siklus II hasil belajar siswa pada ketuntasan klasikal pretes yaitu 45,83% menjadi 62,5%, sedangkan pada postes yaitu 79,16% menjadi 91,67%. Keterampilan proses matematika siswa dari siklus 1 pertemuan 1 diperoleh 14,83 menjadi 15.54 pada pertemuan 2 dengan kategori baik. Pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 15.79 pada pertemuan 3 dan 17.71 pada pertemuan 4 dengan kategori baik sekali. Aktivitas siswa dari siklus I diperoleh rata-rata 3,17 dengan kategori baik, pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 3,69 dengan kategori baik. Penggunaan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing menunjukan respon baik oleh siswa karena banyaknya siswa yang merasa menyenangkan dan termotivasi mengikuti pembelajaran.
Realisasi Maksim Percakapan dalam Acara Hitam Putih di Trans7
Authors: Harpriyanti Haswinda , Oktani Helda Safitri 
Published: February 2019

Dalam rangka melaksanakan prinsip kerja sama, setiap penutur harus mematuhi empat maksim percakapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan tentang realisasi maksim percakapan dalam acara Hitam Putih di Trans7. Masalah penelitian ini berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan, pelanggaran dan faktor penyebab terjadinya pelanggaran maksim percakapan yang terdapat dalam acara Hitam Putih di Trans7.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Analisis data penelitian diperoleh bahwa tuturan dalam acara Hitam Putih di Trans7 telah menggunakan prinsip umum kerja sama dan maksim percakapan Grice serta mematuhi ke empat maksimnya, yakni: Pelaksanaan maksim kuantitas; pelaksanaan maksim kualitas; pelaksanaan maksim relevansi; pelaksanaan maksim pelaksanaan atau cara. Di samping mematuhi prinsip umum tersebut, tuturan dalam acara Hitam Putih di Trans7 terdapat pelanggaran maksim, yakni: pelanggaran maksim kuantitas; pelanggaran maksim kualitas; pelanggaran maksim relevansi; pelanggaran maksim pelaksanaan atau cara.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dalam acara Hitam Putih di Trans7 terdapat pelaksanaan dan pelanggaran ke empat maksim percakapan tersebut. Dari analisis pelanggaran maksim percakapan dapat disimpulkan ada beberapa faktor penyebab terjadinya pelanggaran maksim percakapan, yaitu: faktor sosial budaya, faktor humor, faktor keinginan penutur yang ingin meyakinkan dan menginformasikan, serta faktor perluasan atau pengembangan topik pembicaraan dari lawan bicara.