bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Distal Forearm Fracture Epidemiology in Malmö, Sweden—Time Trends During Six Decades
Authors: Lempesis Vasileios , Jerrhag Daniel , Rosengren Björn E. , Landin Lennart , Tiderius Carl Johan , Karlsson Magnus K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background The distal forearm fracture is the most common fracture in children. To allocate health care resources and evaluate if prevention strategies have been successful, it is essential to monitor changes in the epidemiology of common fractures.
Methods Our hospital serves a city in which year 2006 included 276,244 inhabitants (49,664 <17 years of age). Through the hospital archives, we identified fractures sustained by individuals younger than 16 years during 2005 and 2006 and compared these with previous collected and published data from the same area and hospital for the period 1950 to 1994. We used official population data to estimate period-specific fracture rates and age and gender standardized time trends. We report rates as number of fractures per 100,000 person-years and changes between periods as rate ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results We identified 521 distal forearm fractures, corresponding to a crude fracture incidence of 564/100,000 person-years (boys 719; girls 401). Age-adjusted fracture incidence was 70% higher in boys than in girls (RR 1.7; 95% CI 1.3–2.3). The age- and gender-adjusted hand fracture incidence was 40% higher in 2005–2006 than in 1950/1955 (RR 1.4; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8) but no higher than 1993–1994 (RR 1.1; 95% CI 0.9–1.3). Fracture etiology of 2005 to 2006 included sports injuries in 41% and traffic accidents in 11% of the cases, while sports injuries explained 37% and traffic accidents 18% in 1950 to 1955.
Conclusion In 2005 to 2006, we found higher rates in boys and higher overall rates compared with the 1950s but no significant differences compared with the rates in 1993 to 1994. Future studies should include patient-specific data to unravel causal factors.
Level of evidence This is a Level III b study.
Scaphometacarpal Space and Postoperative Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rezzadeh Kevin , Donnelly Megan , Daar David , Hacquebord Jacques 
Published: July 2019

Background A common notion is that more complex techniques for treating trapeziometacarpal arthritis such as ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) better preserve the scaphometacarpal (SMC) space compared to a simple trapeziectomy and that this leads to superior functional outcomes.
Purpose The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the relationship between scaphometacarpal space and objective outcomes such as grip and pinch strength as well as subjective patient-reported outcomes.
Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting SMC space and outcomes after surgery for carpometacarpal arthritis. The primary outcomes of these studies included any measure of postoperative scaphometacarpal space (trapezial height/trapezial index) as well as key pinch strength, grip strength, or lateral pinch strength. Studies that did not assess for association between SMC space and outcomes were excluded.
Results Fourteen studies were included in this systematic review. Three (21.4%) studies found a statistically significant correlation between postoperative SMC space and postoperative pinch or grip strength. The correlation was weakly positive in one study (key pinch vs. scaphometacarpal space, r = 0.13), positive but unlisted in another (lateral pinch vs. trapezial ratio), and negative in the third study (key pinch vs. trapezial space ratio, r = −0.47).
Conclusion Preservation of the SMC space postoperatively is not associated with postoperative outcomes. Further research is necessary to better characterize the importance of maintaining the SMC space in patients undergoing LRTI in order to substantiate claims by proponents of the procedure.
Bridging versus Nonbridging Dynamic External Fixation of Unstable Distal Radius Fractures in the Elderly with Polytrauma: A Randomized Study
Authors: Aita Marcio Aurelio , Rodrigues Fabio Lucas , Alves Karyse Helena Crispim Ribeiro , de Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf , Ruggiero Gustavo Mantovani , Rodrigues Luciano Miller Reis 
Published: July 2019

Background Despite the high prevalence of unstable distal radius fractures (DRFs), there is no consensus regarding the optimal method and treatment timing, especially for elderly patients with multiple associated injuries.
Purpose This study aimed to compare the grip strength achieved with two different methods for definitive dynamic external fixation of DRFs in elderly patients with polytrauma operated on within the first 24 hours.
Methods In this prospective randomized trial, 35 patients were assigned to undergo definitive external dynamic fixation of DRFs using the nonbridging (group A) or bridging (group B) method. The grip strength, range of motion (ROM), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) outcome measure, visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain, and radiographic characteristics were evaluated at 6 and 12 months.
Results At 12 months, no significant between-group difference was observed with respect to grip strength. All patients showed results in the third or fourth quartiles. The mean ROMs were 96.94 and 96.38% and the mean QuickDASH scores were 3.53 and 3.85 in groups A and B, respectively. The VAS scores were 1.60 and 1.85 in groups A and B, respectively. The overall complication rates were 13.3 and 15% in groups A and B, respectively. Initial fracture reduction was maintained in 86.67 and 95% of the patients in groups A and B, respectively.
Conclusions Both bridging and nonbridging external definitive dynamic fixation proved safe and reliable for the treatment of unstable DRFs in elderly patients with polytrauma. The grip strength results in both groups predicted the restoration of ability in elderly patients to perform activities of daily living independently.
Technology Use in Ophthalmology Resident Education: Results to Aid Program Directors in Curriculum Development
Authors: Lindsey Jennifer L. , Wayman Laura L. , Garrison Etoi A. , Davidson Mario , Dewey Charlene M. 
Published: July 2019

Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in ophthalmology lists the use of information technology to optimize learning as a common program requirement. The use of technology in published studies often takes the form of e-learning. No study to date outlines what methods are preferred by residents and faculty in United States Ophthalmology programs.
Objective We conducted a needs assessment to evaluate the current state of technology in teaching and learning in an ophthalmology residency program, to identify barriers to using technology, and to determine areas for future curriculum development.
Methods We used an anonymous online survey to assess current residents and faculty within our ophthalmology residency program.
Results Residents identified their primary learning styles as visual and kinesthetic and they preferred videos and online question banks.More than 35% of faculty respondents “never” use technology in teaching. Among faculty who do use technology, online quizzes and videos were the most common modalities used to supplement lectures. Common barriers to incorporating technology included lack of time, lack of knowledge of available technologic tools, and lack of skill in using technology.Both faculty and residents identified a Web platform for curricular elements and a feedback app as potentially beneficial additions to the curriculum. Each group rated an app to receive feedback more highly than an app to provide it. The two groups disagreed on the usefulness of online quizzes. There was variability among faculty responses regarding the usefulness of technology in teaching.
Conclusion Our needs assessment identified areas of agreement among residents and faculty as well as mismatches and barriers regarding the use of technology to support learning by ophthalmology residents. Our study is an example of a best practice for use of a needs assessment to provide a framework for curriculum development and program improvement in an individual program. Further research is needed to generalize these results across ophthalmology programs.
汉语自然口语会话中的信息回应标记 “真的(吗/啊)”
Authors: Zhang Wenxian 
Published: July 2019

抽象
“真的（吗/啊）？”是一般疑问句的形式，但是在自然口语会话中并不只是因怀疑对方所说信息真假而表达疑问，而是回应标记。本文从互动交际的角度出发，论述了“真的（吗/啊）”在会话序列中的功能。“真的（吗/啊）”在会话中表示得到的完全是新信息或者信息与自己的背景知识有差异，表达意外、惊讶等情感。在会话结构上，“真的（吗/啊）”与主要讲述者结构一致，即不与之抢夺说话权，请对方继续说下去。
Square dancing
Authors: Zhang Qi , Min Ge 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSquare dancing,guangchangwuin Chinese, is a kind of physical activity practiced in flat public spaces for fitness and entertainment. Despite its popularity all over China, there have been news reports on conflicts caused by it, such as noise pollution or use of a public square. This study collects 150 news articles published between May 2016 and May 2018 containing the keywordguangchangwufrom thePeople’s Daily, one of the most influential official newspapers owned by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The purpose of the study is to investigate the government’s attitudes towards square dancing through an analysis of the official media discourse, using word frequency of occurrence and multimodal discourse analysis. Both the word count and the co-deployment of visual and linguistic resources indicate that square dancing is perceived as an integral part of promoting the national fitness agenda. While the discourse demonstrates awareness of square dancing in the context of an aging society and a shortage of public space, general approval for it is still quite evident in the frequent positive descriptions in the text and presentations in the images. The use of the worddama‘big mama’ in the official media discourse reveals gender inequality in contemporary China.
Dialogical strategies in replies to offensive humour
Authors: Canestrari Carla , Viana Amadeu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine whether humour can be used as a discursive strategy to reply to offensive humour about natural disasters and what purpose it serves. A corpus of 431 replies to the Charlie Hebdo cartoons concerning the earthquake in central Italy in August 2016 was analysed. Depending on the target of the humour in these replies, they were used to agree, disagree or deflect away from the offensive and aggressive content of the cartoons. The results show that humour can be used as a discursive strategy to respond to offensive humour. Moreover, an analysis of the corpus revealed that humorous replies were used mainly to agree rather than disagree with the cartoons.
Dialogue and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Weigand Edda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe article focuses on a few central issues of dialogic competence-in-performance which are still beyond the reach of models of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Learning machines have made an amazing step forward but still face barriers which cannot be crossed yet. Linguistics is still described at the level of Chomsky’s view of language competence. Modelling competence-in-performance requires a holistic model, such as the Mixed Game Model (Weigand 2010), which is capable of addressing the challenge of the ‘architecture of complexity’ (Simon 1962). The complex cannot be ‘the ontology of the world’ (Russell and Norwig 2016). There is no autonomous ontology, no hierarchy of concepts; it is always human beings who perceive the world. ‘Anything’, in the end, depends on the human brain.
A progress report on the MAB phases: atomically laminated, ternary transition metal borides
Authors: Kota Sankalp , Sokol Maxim , Barsoum Michel W. 
Published: July 2019

The MAB phases are atomically layered, ternary or quaternary transition metal (M) borides (TMBs), with the general formula (MB)2 zA x(MB2) y ( z = 1–2; x = 1–2; y = 0–2), whose structures are composed of a transition M-B sublattices interleaved by A-atom (A = Al,Zn) mono- or bilayers. Most of the MAB phases were discovered before the 1990s, but recent discoveries of intriguing magnetocaloric properties, mechanical deformation behaviour, catalytic properties, and high-temperature oxidation resistance has led to their ‘re-discovery’. Herein, MAB phase synthesis is reviewed and their magnetic, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties are summarized. Because the M-B layers in the MAB phases structurally resemble their corresponding binaries of the same M:B stoichiometry, the effects of the A-layers on properties are discussed. Inconsistencies in the literature are critically assessed to gain insights on the processing-structure-property relations, suggest fruitful avenues for future research, and identify limitations for prospective applications.
Flux density measurements for 32 pulsars in the 20 cm observing band
Authors: Xie Yan-Wei , Wang Jing-Bo , Hobbs George , Kaczmarek Jane , Li Di , Zhang Jie , Dai Shi , Cameron Andrew , Zhang Lei , Miao Chen-Chen , Yuan Mao , Wang Shen , Zhang Song-Bo , Xu Heng , Xu Ren-Xin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Flux densities are fundamental observational parameters that describe a pulsar. In the current pulsar catalogue, 27% of the listed radio pulsars have no flux density measurement in the 20 cm observing band. Here, we present the first such measurements for 32 pulsars observed employing the Parkes radio telescope. We have used both archival and new observations to make these measurements. Various schemes exist for measuring flux densities and we show how the measured flux densities vary between these methods and how the presence of radio-frequency interference will bias the flux density measurements.
Reviving the stalled shock by jittering jets in core collapse supernovae: jets from the standing accretion shock instability
Authors: Soker Noam 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
I present a scenario by which an accretion flow with alternating angular momentum on to a newly born neutron star in a core collapse supernova (CCSN) efficiently amplifies magnetic fields and by that launches jets. The accretion flow of a collapsing core on to the newly born neutron star suffers spiral standing accretion shock instability (SASI). This instability leads to a stochastically variable angular momentum of the accreted gas, which in turn forms an accretion flow with alternating directions of the angular momentum, and hence alternating shear, at any given time. I study the shear in this alternating-shear sub-Keplerian inflow in published simulations, and present a new comparison with Keplerian accretion disks. From that comparison I argue that it might be as efficient as Keplerian accretion disks in amplifying magnetic fields by a dynamo. I suggest that although the average specific angular momentum of the accretion flow is small, namely, sub-Keplerian, this alternating-shear accretion flow can launch jets with varying directions, namely, jittering jets. Neutrino heating is an important ingredient in further energizing the jets. The jittering jets locally revive the stalled accretion shock in the momentarily polar directions, and by that they explode the star. I repeat again my call for a paradigm shift from a neutrino-driven explosion of CCSNe to a jet-driven explosion mechanism that is aided by neutrino heating.
Orbital parameters and period variation studies of the short-period eclipsing binaries FG Sct, VZ Lib and VZ Psc
Authors: Yue Qiang , Zhang Li-Yun , Han Xian-Ming L. , Lu Hong-Peng , Long Liu , Yan Yan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present eight sets of new light curves for binaries FG Sct, VZ Lib and VZ Psc, which are all contact eclipsing binaries with short orbital periods. We carried out our observations from 2016 to 2017 using the 60-cm telescope administered by National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Holcomb Observatory at Butler University and the SARA-CT telescope in Chile. We firstly determined the orbital parameters of FG Sct using the O − C method and obtained photometric solutions utilizing the updated W-D program. We also studied its period variation and discovered that its orbital period is decreasing at a rate of 6.39(±0.24) × 10−8 d yr−1, which was likely caused by mass transfer from the primary component to the secondary component or angular momentum interchange between the two components via magnetic interactions. For VZ Lib and VZ Psc, we simultaneously analyzed their BV RI light curves in conjunction with the published radial velocities. In order to obtain the orbital parameters of VZ Lib, we also analyzed its period variation and revised cyclic change, which could be attributed to either the light-time effect due to a tertiary companion or magnetic activity cycle mechanism. We derived the periods of the tertiary component of VZ Lib to be 48.7(±0.1) yr or magnetic cycle to be 46.9(±1.9) yr. Strong emission lines at Ca ii H+K, Hα, Hβ, Hγ and Ca ii IRT were detected in the LAMOST spectra of VZ Psc, which imply chromospheric activities in this binary system.
RETRACTED: Opportunities, challenges and Countermeasures for the development of China’s sports industry in the era of big data
Authors: Liu Hao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Opportunities faced by China’s sports industry in the era of big data are as follows: the mining and analysis of big data creates more value for the sports industry; promotes the coordinated innovation and development of sports industry clusters; and accelerates the technological progress of the sports industry. This is both an opportunity and a challenge for the sports industry. At present, the following problems still exist in sports industry: lack of human resources to complete advanced data management and development in sports industry; difficulties in data storage in sports industry; inadequate depth of data mining in sports industry; difficulty in guaranteeing user information and privacy; strong competitiveness of foreign-funded enterprises to domestic enterprises. Some countermeasures are put forward, such as solving the problem of sports big data storage, improving the ability of big data processing and service, introducing advanced data processing manpower, building scientific research team, protecting personal privacy, and doing a good job of sports industry collaborative innovation research.
A new method of terrain self-adaptive matching algorithm for autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: Lu Xiong , Jian Shen , Xiaowen Bi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
As different underwater terrain features will affect the accuracy of unscented Kalman filter terrain matching algorithm, a new terrain self-adaptive matching method is proposed which adjusts sigma point distribution by terrain features. The connection between sigma point distribution distance and three basic terrain features were analysed. Positioning error range were calculated using navigation positioning errors and underwater digital map. Terrain elevation standard deviation was used to characterize the information quantity of decision region. Scaling parameter was adjusted using linear mapping method and sigma point distribution distance was determined by terrain features. The simulation results proved better terrain adaptability and positioning precision of improved self-adaptive matching algorithm.
Reduction algorithm based on finding the maximum mutual information in incomplete information systems
Authors: Feng Weibing , Zhang Manting 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aiming at such drawbacks of the existing incomplete information system attribute reduction algorithms as high time complexity and insufficiency of the reduction result completeness, this paper proposes an attribute reduction algorithm based on finding the maximum mutual information via weakening the equivalence class in classical rough set theory into tolerance class and through combining the definition of information entropy with the tolerance class. Taking the mutual information of condition attribute and decision attribute as the iterative criterion, and the empty set as the initial reduction, the algorithm superposes the condition attribute set corresponding to the maximum value of the mutual information of condition attributes and decision attributes, thus equating the mutual information of condition attribute set and decision attribute with the information entropy of decision attribute, obtaining the relative reduction of the incomplete decision system and guaranteeing the completeness of the reduction result. In the solution of the attribute set tolerance class, an algorithm with lower time complexity is adopted, which can reduce the time complexity of the whole algorithm. The feasibility of the algorithm is illustrated by an example.
Study on optimization of weight on bit for automatic bit feeding based on improved ant colony algorithm
Authors: Liu Guangxing , Li Qiaohua 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the process of automatic bit feeding, to make the drilling process reach the optimal technical and economic indicators, the effect of the parameters on the drilling process should be analyzed. A drilling control parameter optimization model taking unit footage cost as the objective function is established to seek the optimal weight on bit (WOB) - rotary speed combination under certain constraint conditions. The objective function is optimized by the improved ant colony algorithm, and is finally applied to the specific example for simulation. A contrastive analysis is carried out with several kinds of typical optimization algorithm. It is indicated from the result that the improved ant colony algorithm can effectively reduce the unit footage cost, prolong the service life of drill bit, and shorten the trip time.
An Elastic Combination Forecasting Method for Urban Road Traffic Status
Authors: Wang Cheng , Pang Xiyu , Xi Zhonghua , Si Guannan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In intelligent transportation system, urban road traffic flow status prediction plays an important role. Study shows that the traffic flow status has fractal phenomenon in a certain time scale, so using fractal method to excavate the inherent regularity of traffic flow time series can avoid some difficulties of analyzing the traffic flow influencing factors. This paper proposes a new forecasting algorithm of urban road traffic status based on fractal theory, and in the algorithm, the calculation of fractal dimension is based on the structural function method, and the design of the algorithm takes into account the traffic conditions at different time intervals based on the prediction time. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is capable of dealing with complex nonlinear urban traffic flow forecasting with satisfying accuracy and effectiveness.
Performance Analysis of CFAR Detector Based on Censored Mean and Cell Average
Authors: Ma Jian , Xiang Jianjun , Peng Fang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
It is proposed in this paper that a new constant false alarm rate detector based on censored mean and cell average. The detector takes the mean value of censored mean and cell average as noise or clutter power estimation. Under homogeneous background and Swerling II target models, The detection probability analytic expressions and the false alarm probability analytic expressions of the detector are derived. In homogeneous background and multiple interfering targets situation, the detection performance of the detector is analyzed. Compared with the classical detectors, such as the cell average detector, the greatest of detector and the smallest of detector, the new detector has better detection performance both in homogeneous background and in multiple interfering targets situation.