bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL EM ESTÁDIOS DE FUTEBOL: A PERCEPÇÃO DO TORCEDOR
Authors: Rodrigues Vinicius Vizorek 
Published: June 2018

Os grandes eventos esportivos mundiais exigem dos países em desenvolvimento a adequação à regras pré estabelecidas pelos organismos internacionais que regulam estes eventos, como a FIFA (Federação Internacional de Futebol Associado) e o COI (Comitê Olímpico Internacional), que por sua vez buscam um melhor desempenho ambiental dos países sede, com vistas ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Neste contexto esta pesquisa objetivou verificar se a sustentabilidade dos estádios de futebol é percebida pelos torcedores de dois grandes clubes de Porto Alegre. Como objetivos específicos se buscou descrever as ações de sustentabilidade ambiental nos estádios de futebol dos dois principais times de Porto Alegre; verificar a percepção de um grupo de torcedores sobre as ações de sustentabilidade ambiental desenvolvidas em dois estádios de futebol de Porto Alegre; e verificar se as ações de sustentabilidadeambiental agregam valor a marca do clube na percepção dostorcedores de dois clubes de Porto Alegre. Como referencial teóricoque deu base à pesquisa, foram revisados conceitos que abrangem asações de sustentabilidade ambiental na construção civil e as certificaçõesambientais da área; o marketing e o marketing verde; a gestãoesportiva; o marketing esportivo; e o valor das marcas. A pesquisa sebaseou em uma metodologia documental e quantitativa, onde a documental buscou descrever as ações de sustentabilidade ambiental por meio de visitas técnicas aos estádios de futebol dos clubes de PortoAlegre e sites destes clubes. A pesquisa quantitativa foi realizada umquestionário que foi respondido pelos torcedores dos dois clubes dePorto Alegre, este questionário foi feito pelo Google formulário, defácil acesso. Se percebeu que os torcedores têm o interesse em saber eacreditam ser necessário que o seu clube adote medidas sustentáveisambientais nos estádios, e que os clubes divulgam estas ações, mas a divulgação destas ações sustentáveis não é tratada com relevânciapara os torcedores dos times de futebol.
INTRAEMPREENDEDORES E A INOVAÇÃO EM ORGANIZAÇÃO PÚBLICA Ana Rita
Authors: Tavares Ana Rita Pires Tavares Pires , Barbosa Rafael Freitas 
Published: June 2018

O empreendedorismo possui papel importante no desenvolvimentoeconômico e social no país, juntamente com a inovação. Através doempreendedor é possível que segmentos sejam criados e/ou transformadosem algo melhor, graças à inovação e aos conhecimentos técnicose pessoais do profissional visionário. Este profissional, denominadode intraempreendedor ou empreendedor colaborativo, está capacitadoa desenvolver ações e participar de decisões da empresa, mesmoque indiretamente. No entanto, nas organizações públicas existemlimitações, o que não impede a adesão às mudanças que a inovaçãoproporciona e, através do empreendedorismo, essas modificaçõespodem ser alcançadas em conjunto com o empreendedor colaborativo.O presente estudo buscou descrever os efeitos gerados em uma organizaçãopública que caracterizam a atuação de intraempreendedores.Os resultados foram adquiridos através de pesquisa descritiva, denatureza qualitativa, com a realização de entrevistas com cinco gestoras,gravadas e guiadas por roteiros semiestruturados e da observaçãonão participante. As mesmas foram realizadas por amostragem nãoprobabilística por conveniência. A observação não participante foi atécnica utilizada valendo-se do diário de campo, servindo de apoiono registro dos acontecimentos observados. Como resultado, o perfilde empreendedores e intraempreendedores definidos por autoresdos referentes assuntos, condizem às características identificadas emempreendedores colaborativos entrevistados, além de suas atuaçõesexecutadas sendo parcialmente distintas dentro do ambiente público burocrático, com normas e diretrizes pouco flexíveis, conforme autoresda administração pública. Em instituições públicas, o empreendedorcolaborativo está começando a ser percebido, devido às ações quearticula no interior deste sistema, mesmo em meio a uma cultura organizacionalconsiderada fechada e de poucas aberturas para a inovação.
ANTEGRADE LASER PAPILLOTOMY UNDER THE CONTROL OF VIDEO CHOLEDOCHOSCOPY IN PATIENTS WITH STENOSIS OF THE LARGE DUODENAL PAPILLA COMPLICATED WITH MECHANICAL JAUNDICE
Authors: Levchenko N. V. , Khryachkov V. V. , Shavaliev R. R. , Kislitsin D. P. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose. To analyze the efficacy of the YAG:Ho laser in laparoscopic treatment of large duodenal papilla (LPA) stenosis complicated by mechanical jaundice.Patients and methods. The work is based on a prospective analysis of 31 patients undergoing treatment in the KhMAO-Ugra BU “NyaganDistrictHospital”. To perform antegrade laser papillotomy, a laser setup equipped with high-energy YAG: Ho laser, endovideosurgical complexes and a fibrocholedochoscope was used. During laparoscopic cholecystec­tomy, intraoperative choledochoscopy and antegrade laser papillotomy were performed.Results. Laser papillotomy was successfully performed in 31 (100%) patients with benign stenosis of LDP, among them in 15 patients (48.4%) the stenosis of LDP was combined with choledocholithiasis, which was detected intraopera­tively in 9 (29.0%) cases. For optimal conduction of choledochoscopy, a guide device for a choledochoscope has been proposed (RF patent for utility model No. 149055 dated May 12, 2014).All surgical interventions, including lithotripsy, were performed laparoscopically, there was no indication for conversion.Conclusion. The received results show high efficiency of the applied technique, absence of complications and lethal outcomes. Antegrade laser papillotomy is effective even in those situations where endoscopic retrograde papillosphinc­terotomy is technically difficult or impracticable.
Lessons Learned From Electrical Submersible Pumps Installed in High-Salinity and Corrosive Reservoir, TAGI Formation
Authors: Brahmi Hichem 
Published: June 2018

Summary
An experience of electrical-submersible-pump (ESP) -issues troubleshooting to overcome the high-corrosion media of GSA wells is presented. Additionally, actions taken to extend the run life of pumps are explained. GSA is the company in Algeria that adopted the ESP system including all services; therefore, there was no chance to share experience with other entities in the country. Thus, it became necessary to try all available approaches during a period of 10 years to mitigate ESP failures and, eventually, production downtime.
To overcome the high salinity of &gt;320 g/L, several actions were introduced by either of two ways—ESP equipment or well completion. Simple motors and protectors were changed to tandem to prevent water penetration inside the motor. Power cable was changed from galvanized to Monel armor for high resistance to corrosion. For well completion, single or double ½-in. water-dilution lines were adopted and were run along tubing and connected to tail pipe, which runs to perforations. Modification in completion metallurgy also took place, when carbon steel was replaced by Super 13Cr. Supplementary actions were taken at the surface; the pressure switch was connected with a variable-speed drive (VSD) to smoothly shut down the ESP for unforeseen surface-controlled subsurface-safety-valve (SCSSV) closures.
The adopted actions yielded considerable positive results. ESP failures that originated from the motor were reduced from four per year during 2012 to only one failure in 2016. However, salt-deposition blocs were almost prevented, and resulted in decrement in bullheading and coiled-tubing interventions by 85%, except for some wells when salt-bloc buildup was occasionally quicker and more important than water-dilution rate. Running a ½-in. injection line along with the tail pipe lowered ESP-shutdown frequency. Also, changing the power-cable type gave roughly good results. After running Monel armor, the number of related power-cable failures decreased, contributing to the reduction of whole failures, because related power-cable failure represented 70% of ESP failures in 2015. Considering Super 13Cr instead of carbon-steel tubing gave positive indications, and reduced sharply related tubing-integrity failure. The problem still exists, however, with very low frequency. For surface equipment, all unforeseen SCSSV closures actuated from the control panel are always accompanied by a gradual decrement of frequency and, consequently, smoother ESP shutdown.
Because our organization is the company that uses ESP with a proper sense in Algeria, this paper presents some best practices to be considered for other companies and ESP contractors that are based in the country or abroad that intend to install an ESP system in very high-salinity and corrosive fields and to adopt a lease model for downhole equipment.
Rate-Transient Analysis in Multifractured Horizontal Wells of Tight Oil Reservoir
Authors: Haitao Li , Hongwen Luo , Jianfeng Zhang , Junchao Wang 
Published: June 2018

SummaryMultifractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) have become the most commonly used technology for developing unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Because unconventional reservoirs are currently the focus of exploration and exploitation around the world, a growing number of researchers and scholars are concentrating on production-performance evaluation of unconventional MFHWs to obtain the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) or hydraulic-fracture properties, which are usually obtained from expensive reservoir tests or production logs. Rate-transient-analysis (RTA) techniques that use continuous-production and flowing-pressure data have proved to be convenient and applicable approaches to estimate the reservoir parameters and hydraulic-fracture properties. Although many cases or work flows of RTA have been previously studied, most of those works were performed for shale-gas or conventional reservoirs. Few studies on RTA have been conducted for MFHWs completed in tight oil reservoirs, particularly for actual field cases in which the usually scattered production data significantly increase the difficulty in analyzing the production performance.In this research, the authors focus on using convenient and economical methods (RTA techniques) to obtain the SRV parameters and hydraulic-fracture properties that characterize the fracturing-treatment effectiveness of an actual MFHW in a tight oil reservoir, which many engineers and technical personnel expect to achieve. A comprehensive work flow [including production-data filtering, flow-regime diagnosis, straight-line analysis, type-curve matching (TCM), analytical-model analysis (AMA), numerical-model analysis (NMA), and uncertainty and nonuniqueness analysis] has been developed to perform a production-performance analysis of an MFHW completed in a tight oil reservoir. In particular, two approaches for calculating the permeability of SRV (kSRV) and effective half-length of hydraulic fracture (Xf) have been introduced. Moreover, the dual permeability parameters, the storativity ratio, and the interporosity coefficient (ω and λ, respectively), have been derived to enter into the AMA model to improve the accuracy of history matching. With the combination of AMA and NMA, the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of an actual MFHW completed in a tight oil reservoir can be predicted. Considering the uncertainty and nonuniqueness of the original reservoir parameters or nature of the adopted methods, a probabilistic analysis using Monte Carlo simulation has been performed to address the uncertainty of the analysis results. In addition, a simplified application of the developed method has been introduced. To demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the developed work flow, two field cases from an actual tight oil reservoir have been analyzed. The consistent analysis results for field cases validate the developed work flow and proposed methods.
Phosphonate Speciation - Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Ewing Sarah J. , Hunter Nicole , MacKinnon Kirsty , Whittingham Kelly , Graham Gordon M. , Heath Stephen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Reliable and accurate analysis of inhibitors is vital for decisions on efficiency and cost-effectiveness of scale inhibitor squeeze treatments. Recent developments have resolved issues for residual sulphonated polymer chemistries which were previously difficult to isolate. Attention now is directed to challenges associated with phosphonate based inhibitors, particularly when assay is required from a multi-component produced water sample containing other P based inhibitor species which currently poses a significant challenge.
This paper describes the advantages and limitations of techniques used for phosphorus assay including inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, ion chromatography and wet chemical methods (e.g. Phospho-molybdenum blue, PMB) approaches. Field examples are discussed to emphasize the analytical challenge with cases whereby speciation is readily achieved and others where this is not the case.
To overcome the limitations of these methods, novel approaches for analysis of P – containing inhibitors (in the presence of other –containing additives) include time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRF) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection (which also require development) are considered with potential benefits and limitations / interferences highlighted. These are discussed with highlights of TRF development presented. This technique shows significant scope and potential with promising results showing speciation and discrimination of both polymeric and phosphonate based scale inhibitors as well as a phosphate ester based corrosion inhibitor.
This paper highlights the concept that for residual scale inhibitor assay, one analytical approach does not fit all environments and applications. However the availability of a range of techniques, some of which are still in development, allows for effective monitoring in complex, multi-component environments. The paper highlights development opportunities for some of the newer approaches such as TRF and MS as well as discussing their limitations in complex produced fluids.
Sea Water Desulphation – Optimisation of Scale Treatment and Reduction of OPEX & CAPEX
Authors: Baraka-Lokmane S. , Lesage N. , Fayed A. , Jungas M. , Heng S. , Jacob M. , Pedenaud P. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
One barrel of seawater has to be injected into the reservoir in order to be able to produce the same amount of oil. In order to avoid problems of souring and/or incompatibility with reservoir water, desulphated seawater is injected.
In this paper, we have completely reconsidered the desulphation process with the objective of producing more water while optimising the quantity and type of scale inhibitors, with a priority given to green chemicals. The desulphation process established since 1992 has not been modified since. Our new philosophy adapts to the constraints of the field life. Theoretical and simulations studies have been carried out on risks of scale deposition on the membrane (polarisation layer) taking into account parameters and physical laws based on fluid mechanics, electroneutrality and material transfer. The behavior of membrane and risk of deposition depends on temperature, pressure, flux, tangential flow, potential accumulation of scale on the membrane and spacer; site and laboratory pilots have been used. Tube blocking tests have been carried out in order to select the scale inhibitors. Results showed that it is possible to operate beyond 80% of recovery with the help of a scale inhibitor. 83% recovery appears to be a maximum limit. Without the use of a scale inhibitor it is possible to obtain 75% of recovery under certain circumstances.
These results have enabled us to issue operational recommendations on TOTAL operating fields, on projects under development and on our future projects. The increase of the recovery and / or decrease in the concentration of scale inhibitor will conduct to less chemical discharged to the sea (via the concentrate). In addition, the selection of scale inhibitors has allowed selection of several biodegradable products, with better efficiency than currently used products. Of the 11 products tested, four have been selected. Reduction of OPEX: The consumption of scale inhibitor could be reduced by 2 or 3 and even suppressed for certain operating conditions. Selection tests have allowed us to choose most appropriate chemical from a technical, economic and environmental friendly point of view. Reduction of CAPEX: The increase of recovery has allowed us to reduce the dimensioning of the whole pretreatment of the nanofiltration as the flowrate is the parameter that influences the most the cost of a water treatment plant.
Impact of Gas Hydrate Inhibitors on Halite Scale Precipitation: An Experimental and Morphological Investigation
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Joonaki Edris , Buckman Jim , Ruggeri Bernardo , Tohidi Bahman 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Inorganic scale deposition is one of the most serious flow assurance problems. One of these exotic scales is halite (NaCl). Injection of hydrate inhibitors (HIs) [methanol, monoethylene glycol (MEG), triethylene glycol (TEG)] to prevent plugging of flow lines and tubing could induce precipitation of halite scales. Thus, utilizing these chemicals might adversely affect salt solubility, causing scaling problems, particularly halite scales, in high total dissolved solid (TDS) brines. In this study, the influence of HIs on scaling of a supersaturated NaCl solution with and without inhibitor was experimentally investigated.
The results of these experiments show that increasing the concentration of HIs results in a higher amount of halite precipitation. Moreover, the effect of methanol on halite precipitation is more severe compared to MEG and TEG. On the other hand, the static efficiency results illustrate that raising the concentration of HI reduces the scale inhibition efficiency in the presence of methanol and TEG to a lower extent, while the inhibitor could have a 100% inhibition efficiency in the MEG solution. Furthermore, in the case of methanol, the optimum inhibition efficiencies at HI concentrations of 10 and 40 wt% were observed at SI concentrations of 500 and 200 ppm, respectively. Alterations in the morphology of halite in the presence of HIs were analyzed using optical microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) techniques. In this study, the effect of morphology changes of halite due to the addition of HI is addressed for the first time. These investigations can help provide a better understanding of the mechanism of halite scaling in the presence of HIs.
New Generation Squeezable Sulfide Inhibitor Successfully Averts Challenging Sulfide Scale Deposition in Permian Basin
Authors: Okocha Cyril , Kaiser Anton , Underwood Shane , Samaniego Walter , Wylde Jonathan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Sulfide scales (zinc, lead and iron sulfide) are currently causing considerable production challenges as mature fields are kept operational, and as deeper-hotter reservoirs are been developed. An effective way to combat conventional scaling is to inject "squeeze" scale inhibitors into the formation which are then slowly released as production resumes, providing scale protection. This option has not been the case for sulfide scales due to formation kinetics and lack of suitable products.
In this study we present two field cases where new generation squeezable sulfide inhibitors were deployed with clear success in inhibiting sulfide deposition and establishing stable production. Also presented are the development methods and chemical synthesis details for the development of a squeezable product. A novel fast screening technique is detailed as well as a new type of residual monitoring method for the polymeric species that inhibit the sulfide scales.
In the Permian Basin, newly completed long horizontal wells in the Sprayberry Formation were on a constant rotation of work overs (every 3 to 5 days) due to severe zinc and iron sulfide deposition. Early squeezes performed with known phosphonate/ester scale inhibitors, and end-capped polymer were unsuccessful. A new generation of squeezable sulfide inhibitor was deployed and stabilized production as well as the scaling ion data. A unique and fast residual analysis methodology (using a specialized HPLC column) was developed as part of the squeezable sulfide inhibitor development project capable of providing a unique selectivity in a high TDS brine without interferences increasing residual monitoring and squeeze confidence.
In the Williston basin many fields are known for their troubled history with iron sulfide. To date, the preferred option has been continuous well cleanout that impacts production, next generation squeezable sulfide inhibitor was deployed and it successfully increased productivity and eliminated well clean outs for the trialed wells. This technology summarized in the paper offers a substantial step change in the ability to protect against sulfide scale via squeeze application.
These field treatments show that next generation squeezable inhibitors were successful in inhibiting sulfide scales with no observed formation damage, upset to process facilities during flow back, or decline in productivity.
Evaluating Evaporative Processes - Gas Lift Chemical Applications, Halites and Gunking
Authors: Goodwin Neil , Graham Gordon 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper describes a number of different evaporative processes which can cause flow assurance issues within oilfield production systems including chemical application via gas lift systems, halite deposition and gunking in injection lines. Similarities and differences are described and laboratory test methods are presented for each case.
While the challenges all involve evaporative processes, each system is different and requires suitable approaches to evaluate and mitigate the risks. These attempt to mimic the field system in the laboratory and allow observation under controlled conditions. Laboratory test methods vary from basic static bottle tests, through glass capillaries in autoclaves to dynamic tests using brine and a partially saturated gas phase, or neat chemical and dry gas lift media. In particular, the challenges when applying a chemical via a gas lift system will be described including field case studies.
Static tests with unlimited volume to evaporate produce a worst case for any evaporative process. However, it is frequently too severe to produce any useful results. Instead a test regime should be designed to mimic the field conditions. For example, evaporation within a pressure vessel can mimic the self-limiting process within a downhole injection line. Application of a chemical via a gas lift system requires a dynamic test where hot pressurised dry gas and neat chemical are co-injected with continual monitoring of gunking as indicated by flow path restrictions. Halites require a similar dynamic test method but with extensive modelling of the in situ saturation ratio to fully understand the system.
This paper will present case studies, summarise our understanding of the different evaporative processes, and give best practice guidelines for laboratory evaluation of the risks and mitigation strategies.