bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgeon Management of Osteoporosis in Instrumented Spine Surgery: AOSpine Latin America Survey
Authors: Pantoja Samuel , Molina Marcelo 
Published: August 2018

Study Design: Survey study. Objective: To determine the impact of osteoporosis (OP) in instrumented spine surgery among Latin American spine surgeons. Methods: An electronic survey on aspects of instrumented spine surgery and OP was sent electronically to all members of AOSpine Latin America (AOSLA): 16 multiple-choice questions included incidence and type of complications experienced, strategies to avoid intraoperative complications, on prevention of complications and OP assessment and treatment prior to surgery. Results: A total of 349 spine surgeons from a universe of 377 surgeons (230 orthopedic surgeons and 147 neurosurgeons), associated members of AOSLA answered the survey. About 80% recalled complications directly related to OP and 71% had revised instrumentation because of OP-related complications. Techniques for prevention of intraoperative complications varied; 65% extended instrumentation to additional segments, 63% performed vertebral body cement injection alone or associated with instrumentation. Preoperative screening was used by 19% but increased to 75% if patients had risk factors. A limit value of bone mineral density for delaying surgery was not established for 66.4% of respondents. Consultation for OP management was requested by 81%, mostly to endocrinology (56.3%). Interestingly, 19% personally managed their patient's OP. Conclusion: This study provides a global perspective on how Latin American spine surgeons manage patients with OP undergoing instrumented spine surgery. Most have faced complications associated with OP and have had to resolve them surgically. Spine surgeons frequently participate partially in managing patients with OP. Most refer patients with OP for treatment to the endocrinology.
Multi-institutional analysis of independent predictors for burn mortality in the United States
Authors: Zavlin Dmitry , Chegireddy Vishwanath , Boukovalas Stefanos , Nia Anna M. , Branski Ludwik K. , Friedman Jeffrey D. , Echo Anthony 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Previous reports individually identified different factors that predict death after burns. The authors employed the multi-center American Burn Association’s (ABA) National Burn Repository (NBR) to elucidate which parameters have the highest negative impact on burn mortality.

Methods
We audited data from the NBR v8.0 for the years 2002–2011 and included 137,061 patients in our study. The cases were stratified into two cohorts based on the primary outcome of death/survival and then evaluated for demographic data, intraoperative details, and their morbidity after admission. A multivariable regression analysis aimed to identify independent risk factors associated with mortality.

Results
A total of 3.3% of patients in this analysis did not survive their burn injuries. Of those, 52.0% expired within 7 days after admission. Patients in the mortality cohort were of older age (p &lt; 0.001), more frequently female (p &lt; 0.001), and had more pre-existing comorbidities (p &lt; 0.001). Total body surface area (TBSA), inhalation injury, hospitalization time, and occurrence of complications were higher compared to survivors (p &lt; 0.001). Lack of insurance (odds ratio (OR) = 1.84, confidence interval (CI) 1.38–2.46), diabetes (OR = 1.24, CI 1.01–1.53), any complication (OR = 4.09, CI 3.27–5.12), inhalation injury (OR = 3.84, CI 3.38–4.36), and the need for operative procedures (OR = 2.60, CI 2.20–3.08) were the strongest independent contributors to mortality after burns (p &lt; 0.001). Age (OR = 1.07, CI 1.06–1.07) and TBSA (OR = 1.09, CI 1.09–1.09) were significant on a continuous scale (p &lt; 0.001) while overall comorbidities were not a statistical risk factor.

Conclusion
Uninsured status, inhalation injury, in-hospital complications, and operative procedures were the strongest mortality predictors after burns. Since most fatal outcomes (52.0%) occur within 7 days after injury, physicians and medical staff need to be aware of these risk factors upon patient admission to a burn center.
Clinical significance of the post-radiotherapy 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Jeong Yuri , Jung In-hye , Kim Jae Seung , Chang Sei Kyung , Lee Sang-wook 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the post-radiotherapy 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) response for detecting residual disease and predicting survival outcome in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer.

Methods:
We reviewed 143 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer who underwent 18F-FDG PET within 6 months after completion of radiotherapy between 2001 and 2012. 18F-FDG PET findings at the primary tumor (T–) and regional lymph nodes (N–) were separately assessed and considered negative [PET (–)] or positive [PET (+)] depending on the remaining focal increased uptake of 18F-FDG that was greater than that of the surrounding muscle or blood vessels. The standard of reference was histopathological confirmation or clinical/imaging follow-up. Overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) rates were estimated from the date of the start of radiotherapy.

Results:
The median follow-up period was 73 months (range, 9–182 months). Overall, 83 and 66% of patients achieved T–PET (-) and N–PET (-) responses, and the negative-predictive values (NPVs) for T– and N– were 100 and 99%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive-predictive value were 100, 84, and 8% for T–, and 67, 80, and 7% for N–, respectively. The 5-year OS, DMFS, and LRRFS rates were 83, 83, and 87%, respectively, and patients with N–PET (+) with SUVmax &gt;2.5 showed significantly inferior 5-year OS and DMFS rates than patients with N–PET (-) or N–PET (+) with SUVmax ≤2.5 (44 vs 86%, p = 0.004; 36 vs 85%, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion:
In patients that have received definitive (chemo)radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer, 18F-FDG PET within 6 months of completion of treatment has a high NPV for predicting residual disease and is prognostic for long-term treatment outcomes. Patients with remaining focal increased uptake of 18F-FDG at lymph nodes may benefit from more aggressive treatments, and further studies are needed to validate the clinical significance of post-radiotherapy 18F-FDG PET.

Advances in knowledge:
We found that post-radiotherapy 18F-FDG PET findings have a high NPV for detecting residual disease and are a significant prognostic factor for treatment outcomes.
Improving diagnostic accuracy in clinically ambiguous paediatric appendicitis: a retrospective review of ultrasound and pathology findings with focus on the non-visualised appendix
Authors: Kelly BS , Bollard SM , Weir A , O’Brien C , Mullen D , Kerin M , McCarthy P 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
To compare pre-operative ultrasound to histopathological results and retrospectively assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in paediatric appendicitis.

Methods:
5 year review of all appendectomies performed in patients &lt;16 years old in a tertiary referral university hospital. 983 patients had an appendicectomy over the time period while 189 patients had a preoperative ultrasound. We retrospectively reviewed all of the preoperative imaging in conjunction with the reports for the 189 patients; our aim was to determine the sensitivity of preoperative ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Results:
Of the 189 patients who had an ultrasound, 102 had histology positive for appendicitis and 87 had normal histology. Sensitivity overall was 72.55% [95% confidence interval (CI) 62.82 to 80.92] and specificity was 77.01% (95% CI 66.75 to 85.36). A suggested ultrasound diagnosis of appendicitis made positive pathology three times more likely and a normal ultrasound made positive pathology three times less likely [positive-predictive value 3.16 (95% CI 2.11 to 4.72) negative predictive value 0.36 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.50)]. 77% (67/87) of the patients whose pathology was ultimately normal had an ultrasound which was either normal or suggested an alternative diagnosis. However, in the 33 (17%) of patients with a non-visualised appendix, no secondary signs of inflammation or alternative diagnosis 16 (48%) had pathologically confirmed appendicitis.

Conclusion:
Ultrasound has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy in clinically ambiguous appendicitis.

Advances in knowledge:
This paper furthers the evidence on the efficacy of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in acute appendicitis in children, especially when the diagnosis is clinically equivocal. It also sheds further light on the “non-visualized appendix” with almost half of these patients having pathologically confirmed appendicitis; meaning advanced imaging with CT or MR may be indicated in this cohort.
Risk-Averse Two-Stage Stochastic Program with Distributional Ambiguity
Authors: Jiang Ruiwei , Guan Yongpei 
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we develop a risk-averse two-stage stochastic program (RTSP) that explicitly incorporates the distributional ambiguity covering both discrete and continuous distributions. We formulate RTSP from the perspective of distributional robustness by hedging against the worst-case distribution within an ambiguity set and considering the corresponding expected total cost. In particular, we derive an equivalent reformulation for RTSP that indicates that each worst-case expectation over an L1-norm-based ambiguity set reduces to a convex combination of a conditional value-at-risk and an essential supremum. Our reformulation explicitly shows how additional data can help reduce the conservatism of the problem from the traditional two-stage robust optimization to the traditional risk-neutral two-stage stochastic program (TSP).Accordingly, we develop solution algorithms for the reformulations of RTSP based on the sample average approximation method. We also extend the studies to ambiguity sets based on L∞-norm, joint L1- and L∞-norm, and joint L1-norm and the first two moments, respectively. Furthermore, starting from a set of historical data samples, we utilize nonparametric statistics to construct these ambiguity sets.We perform convergence analysis to show that the ambiguity-aversion of RTSP vanishes as the data size increases to infinity, in the sense that the optimal objective value and the set of optimal solutions of RTSP converge to those of risk-neutral TSP.Finally, numerical experiments on newsvendor and lot-sizing problems explain and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1729 .
WELTKRIEGSPHILOSOPHIE AND SCHELER'S PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Authors: Popov V. Y. , Popova E. V. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose. The research is aimed at understanding the philosophical and journalistic heritage of M. Scheler during 1914-1919. "The philosophy of war" is regarded as the middle link between the phenomenological and anthropological stages of its philosophical evolution. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the philosophical legacy of Max Scheler, as well as the work of domestic and Western researchers devoted to this issue. Problems of Weltkriegsphilosophie become comprehensible based on the historical, logical and comparative principles of historical and philosophical analysis, which allowed to theoretically reconstruct the cultural and historical context, philosophical sources and ideological intentions of the German philosopher. Originality. For the first time in domestic historical and philosophical thought, it proved that the works by Max Scheler of the First World War played an outstanding role in the formation of philosophical anthropology as a separate philosophical trend. Conclusions. The basis of the Weltkriegsphilosophie by Max Scheler is the philosophical comprehension of the war in which the thinker tries to see the high sacral meaning, where the sacrifices that the nation brings to the altar of victory are not in vain: the nation is rallying this sacrifice, its readiness for it. According to Scheler, war is the most effective means of forming the so-called "love communities", to which he refers combat brotherhood, family and nation as a "collective personality", which recognizes itself through war. The philosopher is disappointed to some part with militaristic enthusiasm in his later military journalistic works and calls for a spiritual and moral renewal of Europe, fed from Christian roots. At the heart of this renewal should be the principle of personal solidarity, based on the Christian idea of love. However, Catholic universalism is an insufficient means for the formation of a "love community" and a new man who is co-creator of God that constitutes the main core of the philosophical anthropology of Max Scheler, which emerges in the 20s of the twentieth century. Based on this, the article affirms the existence in Sheler’s works of an intermediate stage between his phenomenology and philosophical anthropology – Weltkriegsphilosophie (philosophy of the World War).
Olekranon kırığı olan büllöz akciğer hastasında anestezi yönetimi: usg eşliğinde infraklaviküler blok mu? genel anestezi mi: olgu sunumu
Authors: Baldemir Ramazan , Çakırca Müge , Aytaç İsmail , Baydar Mustafa 
Published: August 2018

Üst
ekstremite cerrahisinde genel anestezi ya da rejyonel anestezi yöntemlerinden herhangi biri kullanılabilir olsa da genel anestezi ciddi akciğer komorbiditesi olan
hastalarda mortalite ve morbiditeyi artırmaktadır. Bu olgu sunumunda bilateral
büllöz akciğer tanısı olan ve üst ekstremite cerrahisi planlanan olguda
ultrason eşliğinde infraklaviküler blok tekniğinin genel anesteziye göre daha
güvenli bir yöntem olduğunu vurgulamayı amaçladık. Büllöz akciğer ve spontan
pnömotoraks öyküsü bulunan 50 yaşında erkek hasta, sağ olekranon fraktürü
nedeniyle hastanemize başvurdu. Akciğerlerinde bilateral bülleri olan hastanın
anestezi planlamasinda genel anestezi tercih edilmedi. Ultrason ve sinir
stimülasyonu eşliğinde infraklaviküler blok planlandı. Ameliyatı sorunsuz bir
şekilde tamamlanan olgu, sonrasında servise gönderildi. Postoperatif sekizinci
saate kadar ek analjezik ihtiyacı olmadı.

Sonuç
olarak, rejyonel anestezi teknigi ciddi
akciger hastaligi olanlarda genel anesteziye oranla daha güvenlidir. Özellikle
ultrasonografi ve sinir sitimülasyonu tekniklerinin kombine kullanımı ile
uygulanacak sinir blokajıyla pnömotoraks ve intranöral enjeksiyon gibi
oluşabilecek komplikasyonların en aza indirilebileceği kanısındayız.
Prematüre ve düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebeklerde BCG aşılaması
Authors: TURANOĞLU Cem , AKIN Mustafa Ali , PAÇ KISAARSLAN Ayşenur 
Published: August 2018

Tüberküloz
dünya çapında önemli bir sağlık sorunu olarak varlığını devam ettirmektedir.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) aşısının
koruyuculuğu % 0-80 arasında değişmekle birlikte, dissemine Tüberküloz (TB) ve
TB Menenjit insidansını azalttığı için önemini devam ettirmiştir. Dünyada
oldukça farklı BCG aşı programları mevcuttur. BCG aşısının güvenli bir şekilde
uygulanabileceği minimum gestasyonel yaş ve doğum ağırlığı aşılama
takvimlerinde net olarak tanımlanmamıştır. Bu durum, BCG aşısının preterm ve
düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebeklerde uygulanmasında sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Son
çalışmalar bu bebeklerde, doğumda veya doğumdan hemen sonra BCG aşı
uygulamasının etkin ve güvenilir olduğuna işaret etmekle birlikte, halen BCG
aşısı uygulanması için minimum gestasyonel yaş ve ağırlık
belirlenememiştir. Ülkemizde, Sağlık
Bakanlığı Bağışıklama Programı’nda BCG aşı uygulamasının postnatal 2. ayın
sonunda yapılmasını tavsiye etmektedir. Ancak bu programda, aşının
uygulanabileceği minimum vücut ağırlığı ve gestasyonel yaş ile ilgili açıklama
olmaması, farklı kaynaklarda aşının yapılabileceği minimum ağırlık ile ilgili
değişik önerilerin yapılması pratik uygulamada karışıklığa yol açmaktadır. Bu
derlemede, preterm ve düşük doğum ağırlıklı (LBW) bebeklerde BCG aşısı uygulaması
ile ilgili güncel bilgiler ve son çalışmalar derlenmiş ve ülkemizdeki güncel
aşı uygulama programı ile ilgili öneriler sunulmuştur.
The comparison of the efficacy of three different risk-scoring systems on predicting the mortality rates of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: DEMİRDAŞ Ertan , ATILGAN Kıvanç , ALTINAY Levent , ÇETİN Erdem , ER Zafer Cengiz , ÇİÇEKÇİOĞLU Ferit , BARDAKÇI Haşmet , BİRİNCİOĞLU Cemal Levent 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: The
importance of preoperative risk scoring in open-heart surgery has risen in the
last decades. Many scoring systems for mortality prediction before coronary
artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) have been described in all over the
world. We aimed to compare the efficacy of three different well-known and
commonly used mortality risk-scoring systems and to provide a more suitable
scoring system for our patient population.Material-Method: A total of 2120 patients who had undergone
a CABG operation in Türkiye Yüksek İhtisas Hospital Cardiovascular Surgery
Clinic between January 2003 – December 2004 included in this study. The
patients who had concomitant surgery with CABG operation were excluded. The
in-hospital deaths and the deaths in postoperative 30 days were accepted as
mortality. The patients were divided into low, moderate and high-risk groups as
the risk scoring systems prerequisites. The predicted mortality rates by the
risk scoring systems and the observed mortality rates were compared. Results: The
observed mortality rates and the predicted mortality rates by the European
System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) were similar between the groups
(p&gt;0.05). The observed mortality rates of low and moderate risk groups were
significantly lower than the predicted mortality rates with Parsonnet risk
scoring system (p&lt;0.001). In the high-risk group, the observed mortality
rates were not significantly different from the predicted mortality rates with
the same risk scoring system (p&gt;0.05). The predicted mortality rates with
Ontario Province Risk (OPR) scoring system and observed mortality rates in the
low risk group were significantly different (p&lt;0.001). But in the moderate
and high risk groups, the observed mortality rates and predicted mortality
rates with the OPR were not significantly different (p&gt;0.05). In the
receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, the area under the
curve (AUC) = 0.801 for EuroSCORE, AUC = 0.737 for Parsonnet and AUC = 0.677
for OPR risk scoring systems. According to these values, the accuracy of
EuroSCORE was accepted as high, Parsonnet was accepted as moderate and OPR was
accepted as non-significant.

Conclusion: The EuroSCORE risk scoring system results were
similar to the results in the literature. It is a reliable way of risk
prediction for the patients undergoing CABG surgery in our region.
El reto de pensar sobre los derechos fundamentales de los pueblos originarios
Authors: Rodrigues Saulo Tarso , Martín Núria Belloso 
Published: August 2018

Los derechos indígenas suponen un reto para el constitucionalismo latinoamericano en cuanto a su afectación a los derechos humanos, principalmente en cuanto a su relación con el derecho a la igualdad. Hay minorías, grupos diferenciados que, precisamente, para lograr que el principio de igualdad sea una realidad, deben hacerlo a partir de la diferencia y constituirse como “ciudadanos diferenciados”. Las Constituciones que se enmarcan en el nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano, han acogido los derechos indígenas en un planteamiento que excede el modelo de Estado multiculturalista, orientándose hacia un Estado plurinacional. Ello permite que los derechos indígenas encuentren más fácilmente acomodo, sin el temor a que se les ofrezca una asimilación o tutelaje.
Application of Drone in Solving Last Mile Parcel Delivery
Authors: Liu Jiashi , Guan Zhongliang , Shang Jennifer , Xie Xiang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The article is about solving the last mile delivery problem in rural town or village. We want to test the drone’s potential in parcel delivery. The objectives are 1) to introduce the cluster and truck-drone in tandem delivery method, 2) to compare the new method with the traditional TSP method in aspect of truck running distance, energy using and time occupation. The parcel delivery demand is sparse, so it is not dense enough for a truck to carry on delivery. We try to identify the best route for the drone to deliver the goods. We use k-mean method to carry on clustering, then we use enumeration method to fulfill the centroids delivery, which comes from the depot. We design a model and calculate the energy, time and distance saving between drone using method (DTSP) and traditional TSP method. The drone attended delivery saves truck delivery distance, energy consumption and time. The truck running distance of DTSP method saves 91.87%, the truck running distance is shortened from 189.69 km to 15.4252 km. The DTSP method saves 90.45% of energy. The DTSP method brings a 29.75% cutoff in time aspect when there are two drone in running. The research introduces the cluster and TSP combination method, which is a good way to carry on last mile delivery. The result shows a bright future for drone to attend parcel delivery. The e-commerce corporation can apply this method in practice.
Non-equidistance DGM(1,1) Model Based on the Concave Sequence and Its Application to Predict the China’s Per Capita Natural Gas Consumption
Authors: Kong Xinhai , Zhao Yong , Chen Jiajia 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Although the grey forecasting model has been successfully adopted in various fields and demonstrated promising results, the literatures show its performance could be further improved, such as for the DGM(1,1) model, based on a concave sequence, the modeling error will be larger. In this paper, firstly the definition of sequence convexity is given out, and it is proved that the output sequence of DGM(1,1) model is a convex sequence. Next, the residual change law of DGM(1,1) model based on the concave sequence is discussed, and the non-equidistance DGM(1,1) model is proposed. Finally, by introducing the symmetry transformation, a concave sequence is transformed into a convex sequence, called the symmetric sequence of the concave sequence, and then construct the non-equidistance DGM(1,1) model based on the convex sequence. The example results show that the novel method is more accurate than the direct modeling for a concave sequence.
Non-Native Speakers’ Rhetorical Commonalities in Writing Script Introduction Section
Authors: Samad Iskandar Abdul , Usman Bustami , Rizkanisa Novalia , Fitriani Siti Sarah 
Published: August 2018

This research analyzed the rhetorical pattern (RP) of script Introduction section written by undergraduate students at four selected universities in Aceh. Information about the RP of introduction section had been found in literature, including the work of Indonesian students in general. However, specific information about the RP of the work of EFL students in Aceh was not determined yet. The main aim of the study was to explore whether Acehnese studentsperformed the exact pattern of written Academic English. Understanding the RP of this section was important because it helped readers to have a description of the whole script. A qualitative method was applied in this study to draw the RP through the content analysis. The data were taken from twenty undergraduate students’ scripts at four selected universities. CARS model was used to analyze all the data. In general, the result shows a unique RP of the Introductionsection by Acehnese students where RP of introduction section maintains the circular way of thinking.