bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An N-Terminal Retention Module Anchors the Giant Adhesin LapA of Pseudomonas fluorescens at the Cell Surface: a Novel Subfamily of Type I Secretion Systems
Authors: Smith T. Jarrod , Font Maria E. , Kelly Carolyn M. , Sondermann Holger , O'Toole George A. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

LapA of
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pf0-1 belongs to a diverse family of cell surface-associated bacterial adhesins that are secreted via the type I secretion system (T1SS). We previously reported that the periplasmic protease LapG cleaves the N terminus of LapA at a canonical dialanine motif to release the adhesin from the cell surface under conditions unfavorable to biofilm formation, thus decreasing biofilm formation. Here, we characterize LapA as the first type I secreted substrate that does not follow the “one-step” rule of T1SS. Rather, a novel N-terminal element, called the retention module (RM), localizes LapA at the cell surface as a secretion intermediate. Our genetic, biochemical, and molecular modeling analyses support a model wherein LapA is tethered to the cell surface through its T1SS outer membrane TolC-like pore, LapE, until LapG cleaves LapA in the periplasm. We further demonstrate that this unusual retention strategy is likely conserved among LapA-like proteins, and it reveals a new subclass of T1SS ABC transporters involved in transporting this group of surface-associated LapA-like adhesins. These studies demonstrate a novel cell surface retention strategy used throughout the
Proteobacteria
and highlight a previously unappreciated flexibility of function for T1SS.

IMPORTANCE
Bacteria have evolved multiple secretion strategies to interact with their environment. For many bacteria, the secretion of cell surface-associated adhesins is key for initiating contact with a preferred substratum to facilitate biofilm formation. Our work demonstrates that
P. fluorescens
uses a previously unrecognized secretion strategy to retain the giant adhesin LapA at its cell surface. Further, we identify likely LapA-like adhesins in various pathogenic and commensal proteobacteria and provide phylogenetic evidence that these adhesins are secreted by a new subclass of T1SS ABC transporters.
Validation of the Pockit Dengue Virus Reagent Set for Rapid Detection of Dengue Virus in Human Serum on a Field-Deployable PCR System
Authors: Tsai Jih-Jin , Liu Li-Teh , Lin Ping-Chang , Tsai Ching-Yi , Chou Pin-Hsing , Tsai Yun-Long , Chang Hsiao-Fen Grace , Lee Pei-Yu Alison 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTDengue virus (DENV) infection, a mosquito-borne disease, is a major public health problem in tropical countries. Point-of-care DENV detection with good sensitivity and specificity enables timely early diagnosis of DENV infection, facilitating effective disease management and control, particularly in regions of low resources. The Pockit dengue virus reagent set (GeneReach Biotech), a reverse transcription insulated isothermal PCR (RT-iiPCR), is available to detect all four serotypes of DENV on the field-deployable Pockit system, which is ready for on-site applications. In this study, analytical and clinical performances of the assay were evaluated. The index assay did not react with 14 non-DENV human viruses, indicating good specificity. Compared to the U.S. CDC DENV-1–4 real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay, testing with serial dilutions of virus-spiked human sera demonstrated that the index assay had detection endpoints that were separately comparable with the 4 serotypes. Excellent reproducibility was observed among repeat tests done by six operators at three sites. In clinical performance, 195 clinical sera collected around Kaohsiung city in 2012 and 21 DENV-4-spiked sera were tested with the RT-iiPCR and qRT-PCR assays in parallel. The 121 (11 DENV-1, 78 DENV-2, 11 DENV-3, and 21 DENV-4) qRT-PCR-positive and 95 qRT-PCR-negative samples were all positive and negative by the RT-iiPCR reagent results, respectively, demonstrating high (100%) interrater agreement (95% confidence interval [CI95%], ∼98.81% to 100%; κ = 1). With analytical and clinical performance equivalent to those of the reference qRT-PCR assay, the index PCR assay on the field-deployable system can serve as a highly sensitive and specific on-site tool for DENV detection.
The Slow March toward Rapid Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Doern Christopher D. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) provides critical information for the management of patients with infections. The gold standard methods for assessing organism susceptibility are still based on growth and require incubation over relatively long periods of time. Until now, little progress has been made in developing rapid, growth-based, phenotypic AST systems. This commentary puts the recently FDA-cleared Accelerate PhenoTest (P. Pancholi et al., J Clin Microbiol 56:e01329-17, 2018,
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01329-17
) in context by providing a historical perspective on attempts to accelerate phenotypic susceptibility results. In addition, some promising new innovations that promise to shorten the turnaround time for phenotypic AST will be briefly reviewed.
The Ontogeny of a Neutrophil: Mechanisms of Granulopoiesis and Homeostasis
Authors: Lawrence Shelley M. , Corriden Ross , Nizet Victor 
Published: February 2018

SUMMARYComprising the majority of leukocytes in humans, neutrophils are the first immune cells to respond to inflammatory or infectious etiologies and are crucial participants in the proper functioning of both innate and adaptive immune responses. From their initial appearance in the liver, thymus, and spleen at around the eighth week of human gestation to their generation in large numbers in the bone marrow at the end of term gestation, the differentiation of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell into a mature, segmented neutrophil is a highly controlled process where the transcriptional regulators C/EBP-α and C/EBP-ε play a vital role. Recent advances in neutrophil biology have clarified the life cycle of these cells and revealed striking differences between neonatal and adult neutrophils based on fetal maturation and environmental factors. Here we detail neutrophil ontogeny, granulopoiesis, and neutrophil homeostasis and highlight important differences between neonatal and adult neutrophil populations.
Children and young people’s versus parents’ responses in an English national inpatient survey
Authors: Hargreaves Dougal S , Sizmur Steve , Pitchforth Jacqueline , Tallett Amy , Toomey Sara L , Hopwood Bridget , Schuster Mark A , Viner Russell M 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveDespite growing interest in children and young people’s (CYP) perspectives on healthcare, they continue to be excluded from many patient experience surveys. This study investigated the feasibility of, and additional information gained by, measuring CYP experiences of a recent hospital admission.DesignCross-sectional analysis of national survey data.SettingInpatients aged 8–15 years in eligible National Health Service hospitals, July–September 2014.Participants6204 parents/carers completed the parent section of the survey. The CYP section of the survey was completed by CYP themselves (n=3592), parents (n=849) or jointly (n=1763).Main outcome measuresPain relief, involvement, quality of staff communication, perceived safety, ward environment, overall experience.AnalysesSingle-measures intraclass correlations (ICCs) were used to assess the concordance between CYP and parent responses about the same inpatient episode. Multilevel logistic regression models, adjusted for individual characteristics, were used to compare the odds of positive responses when the CYP section of the survey was completed by parents, by CYP themselves or jointly.ResultsThe CYP section of the survey was completed independently by 57.8% of CYP. Agreement between CYP and parent responses was reasonably good for pain relief (ICC=0.61 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.63)) and overall experience (ICC=0.70 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.72)), but much lower for questions comparing professionals’ communication with CYP and with their parents (ICC range=0.28 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.32) to 0.51 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.54)). In the regression models, CYP were significantly less likely than parents to report feeling safe (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.54 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.76)), involvement in decisions (AOR=0.66 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.94)) or adequate privacy (AOR=0.68 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.89)).ConclusionsIncluding CYP (8–15 years) in patient experience surveys is feasible and enhances what is known from parents’ responses.
Antibiotics for uncomplicated skin abscesses: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Wen , Chen Wenwen , Liu Yanmei , Siemieniuk Reed Alexander C , Li Ling , Martínez Juan Pablo Díaz , Guyatt Gordon H , Sun Xin 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of adjunctive antibiotic therapy on uncomplicated skin abscesses.DesignSystematic review and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov.Study selectionA BMJ Rapid Recommendation panel provided input on design, important outcomes and the interpretation of the results. Eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) included a comparison of antibiotics against no antibiotics or a comparison of different antibiotics in patients with uncomplicated skin abscesses, and reported outcomes prespecified by the linked guideline panel.Review methodsReviewers independently screened abstracts and full texts for eligibility, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. We performed random-effects meta-analyses that compared antibiotics with no antibiotics, along with a limited number of prespecified subgroup hypotheses. We also performed network meta-analysis with a Bayesian framework to compare effects of different antibiotics. Quality of evidence was assessed with The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsFourteen RCTs including 4198 patients proved eligible. Compared with no antibiotics, antibiotics probably lower the risk of treatment failure (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.90; low quality), recurrence within 1 month (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.77; moderate quality), hospitalisation (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.94; moderate quality) and late recurrence (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.85; moderate quality). However, relative to no use, antibiotics probably increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX): OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.58; moderate quality; clindamycin: OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.88; high quality) and diarrhoea (clindamycin: OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.50 to 4.89; high quality). Cephalosporins did not reduce the risk of treatment failure compared with placebo (moderate quality).ConclusionsIn patients with uncomplicated skin abscesses, moderate-to-high quality evidence suggests TMP-SMX or clindamycin confer a modest benefit for several important outcomes, but this is offset by a similar risk of adverse effects. Clindamycin has a substantially higher risk of diarrhoea than TMP-SMX. Cephalosporins are probably not effective.
Physical activity and trajectories in cognitive function: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Hamer Mark , Muniz Terrera Graciela , Demakakos Panayotes 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThere are limited data on physical activity in relation to trajectories in cognitive function. The aim was to examine the association of physical activity with trajectories in cognitive function, measured from repeated assessments over 10 years.MethodsWe conducted a 10-year follow-up of 10 652 (aged 65±10.1 years) men and women from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a cohort of community dwelling older adults. Self-reported physical activity was assessed at baseline and neuropsychological tests of memory and executive function were administered at regular 2-year intervals. Data from six repeated measurements of memory over 10 years and five repeated measurements of executive function over 8 years were used.ResultsThe multivariable models revealed relatively small baseline differences in cognitive function by physical activity status in both men and women. Over the 10-year follow-up, physically inactive women experienced a greater decline in their memory (−0.20 recalled words, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.11, per study wave) and in executive function ability (−0.33 named animals; −0.54 to −0.13, per study wave) in comparison with the vigorously active reference group. In men, there were no differences in memory (−0.08 recalled words, 95% CI −0.18 to 0.01, per study wave), but small differences in executive function (−0.23 named animals; −0.46 to −0.01, per study wave) between inactive and vigorously active.ConclusionPhysical activity was associated with preservation of memory and executive function over 10 years follow-up. The results were, however, more pronounced in women.
A Median Nerve Anterior Transposition Procedure for Multi-Recurrent Hemodialysis-Related Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Okutsu Ichiro , Hamanaka Ikki , Yoshida Aya 
Published: February 2018

Background: Some long-term hemodialysis patients suffer from multi-recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome because amyloid originating from β2-microglobulin continues to be deposited mainly in the flexor tendons, tendon sheaths and flexor retinaculum during maintenance hemodialysis. These amyloid deposits inside carpal canal (tunnel) tissues increase carpal canal pressure and this leads to compression of the median nerve. When multi-recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome occurs, previous operative scarring of soft tissue may prohibit further enlargement of the carpal canal even if any carpal canal decompression procedure is used. For this reason, we developed a median nerve anterior transposition procedure, as a new approach in the treatment of multi-recurrent hemodialysis-related carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods: Median nerve anterior transposition procedures were performed on seven hands in six patients with multi-recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome. The mean age of the patients was 68.3 years and the mean hemodialysis duration was 35.3 years. Mean follow-up period was 9.9 months. The median nerve is transposed from inside to outside of the carpal canal under local and infiltration anesthesia without a pneumatic tourniquet on an outpatient basis. This procedure is based on the same principles applied in ulnar nerve anterior transposition procedures for cubital tunnel syndrome. Results: Main preoperative patient complaints were intolerable tingling and/or pain in the diseased hands throughout the day. Following the surgeries, preoperative clinical symptoms began to subside and eventually improved in all hands. Postoperative abductor pollicis brevis muscle power using manual muscle testing improved except in one hand. Abnormal preoperative distal motor and sensory latency were improved except in two hands following the surgeries. Conclusions: The median nerve anterior transposition procedure is a beneficial treatment for patients suffering from hemodialysis-related multi-recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome.
Serviles personae in Roman Law
Authors: Pelloso Carlo 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article aims at sketching the prima facie “paradoxical” legal status of “slaves” in Roman law. Hence, it deals with principles and rules directed to regulate two paradigmatic and highly relevant areas of economic life, i.e. sale and agency. Both shared the fundamental presence of servi or mancipia, conceived at times as mere objects, at times as real individuals. On the one hand, according to non-Roman conceptions (that consider slavery per se a liminal and, thereby, indefinable institution), the law concerning serviles personae would represent such a contradiction by merging the Aristotelian categories of bios and zoe. On the other hand, pre-classical and classical Roman law, adhering to a functional and wide notion of legal persona, and embodying a status-system, transcends any apparent inconsistency between property law and business law.
Some Remarks on Manumission and Consecration in Hellenistic Chaeronea
Authors: Zanovello Sara L. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article aims to discuss the relationship between manumission and consecration from a legal perspective, by analyzing as a case study the corpus of inscriptions from Hellenistic Chaeronea, which is usually believed to represent a specific mode of “sacral” manumission, namely, through consecration of a slave to the god. Chaeronea provides the bulk of the evidence for this alleged form of manumission, and the content of its inscriptions are highly formulaic: they typically attest the consecration (anatithemi) of a slave (doulos) as sacred (hieros) to a god, generally Serapis. After pointing out the legal nature of manumission, the article will challenge the traditional scholarly interpretation that holds that, as an effect of consecration, slaves became free individuals. The identification of consecration with manumission, in other words, raises a number of problems. Through a close look at the single elements which characterized the condition of hieroi in Hellenistic Central Greece, the article will argue that while from a legal point of view, hieroi were slaves of the god, the absence of an actual owner exercising the powers descending from his right of ownership meant that their de facto condition resembled in several ways that of free individuals. The inscriptions from Chaeronea do not attest to manumission, but rather to consecration of slaves to the god, which ultimately result in a transfer of ownership over slaves from the human to the divine sphere.
Depression literacy and help-seeking in Australian police
Authors: Reavley Nicola J , Milner Allison J , Martin Angela , Too Lay San , Papas Alicia , Witt Katrina , Keegel Tessa , LaMontagne Anthony D 
Published: February 2018

Objective: To assess depression literacy, help-seeking and help-offering to others in members of the police force in the state of Victoria, Australia. Methods: All staff in police stations involved in a cluster randomised controlled trial of an integrated workplace mental health intervention were invited to participate. Survey questions covered sociodemographic and employment information, recognition of depression in a vignette, stigma, treatment beliefs, willingness to assist co-workers with mental health problems, help-giving and help-seeking behaviours, and intentions to seek help. Using the baseline dataset associated with the trial, the paper presents a descriptive analysis of mental health literacy and helping behaviours, comparing police station leaders and lower ranks. Results: Respondents were 806 staff, comprising 618 lower-ranked staff and 188 leaders. Almost 84% of respondents were able to correctly label the problem described in the vignette. Among those who had helped someone with a mental health problem, both lower ranks and leaders most commonly reported ‘talking to the person’ although leaders were more likely to facilitate professional help. Leaders’ willingness to assist the person and confidence in doing so was very high, and over 80% of leaders appropriately rated police psychologists, general practitioners, psychologists, talking to a peer and contacting welfare as helpful. However, among both leaders and lower ranks with mental health problems, the proportion of those unlikely to seek professional help was greater than those who were likely to seek it. Conclusion: Knowledge about evidence-based interventions for depression was lower in this police sample than surveys in the general population, pointing to the need for education and training to improve mental health literacy. Such education should also aim to overcome barriers to professional help-seeking. Interventions that aim to improve mental health literacy and help-seeking behaviour appear to be suitable targets for better protecting police member mental health.
Non‐thermal ablation of non‐neoplastic Barrett's esophagus with the novel EndoRotor® resection device
Authors: Knabe Mate , Blößer Sandra , Wetzka Jens , Ell Christian , May Andrea 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundInternational guidelines suggest endoscopic resection for all patients with low‐risk mucosal cancer. Ultimately, it is essential to treat the remaining Barrett's esophagus as part of the treatment. Different thermal ablative therapies have been implemented to effect this treatment. They can lead to potential post‐therapeutic stenosis. Furthermore, a histologic assessment of treated mucosa is not possible.ObjectiveClinical evaluation of a novel, non‐thermal resection device (EndoRotor®) in the treatment of non‐neoplastic Barrett's esophagus was conducted.MethodsFourteen patients with early Barrett's carcinoma were treated with endoscopic resection. Subsequently, EndoRotor® therapy was performed for resection of the remaining Barrett's mucosa. Complications were assessed during the study. After a three‐month period patients received follow‐up endoscopy to evaluate post‐therapeutic stenosis.ResultsOn average, 674 mm2 (172 mm2 – 1600 mm2) of Barrett's mucosa was treated with the novel device. In six (37.5%) cases, intra‐procedural bleeding occurred with the need for hemostasis. All bleeding could be managed by endoscopic therapy alone. After a three‐month follow‐up there was no post‐therapeutic stenosis registered.ConclusionEndoRotor® resection is a feasible non‐thermal treatment of non‐neoplastic Barrett's esophagus. Larger trials have to evaluate risks and benefits of this novel device.
What makes you go back home? Determinants of the duration of migration of Mexican immigrants in the United States
Authors: Carrión-Flores Carmen E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the optimal migration duration of Mexican immigrants in the USA using individual-level data from the Mexican Migration Project (MMP). A simple theoretical model rationalizes the decision of the migrant to return to Mexico, despite higher wages in the USA. I use the Cox proportional hazard model to empirically examine the determinants of return migration of Mexican immigrants. This paper contributes to the literature by introducing distances from origin states in Mexico to destination states in the USA as a proxy for costs of migration and uses a US expected wage measure instead of the average US real wages. The empirical analysis shows that the optimal migration duration increases as the US expected wage increases. Importantly, tighter US migration policies have an ambiguous effect on the optimal migration duration while longer distances decrease the hazard of return to their state of origin.
Poststrukturalistische Perspektiven auf soziale Bewegungen
Authors: Leinius Johanna , Vey Judith , Hagemann Ingmar 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungPoststrukturalistische Ansätze verstehen soziale Bewegungen als Ausdruck gesamtgesellschaftlicher Dynamiken und nehmen eine explizit gesellschaftstheoretisch angelegte Analyseperspektive auf die komplexe Wechselbeziehung von sozialer Struktur und Subjekt ein. Diese Ansätze betonen den Zusammenhang von Mobilisierung und Identitätsbildung wie auch die zentrale Bedeutung vonMacht für die Formierung von sozialen Bewegungen und ihren Subjekten. Der Beitrag zeichnet ein möglichst systematisches Bild des heterogenen Feldes der poststrukturalistischen Perspektiven in ihrer Anwendung auf soziale Bewegungen. Dabei werden die entsprechenden theoretischen Ansätze nur kurz skizziert – das Hauptaugenmerk soll auf dem analytischen Mehrwert der Ansätze für soziale Bewegungsforschung liegen. Dargestellt werden fünf Charakteristika poststrukturalistischer Perspektiven, die die Untersuchung sozialer Bewegungen bereichern können.