bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment outcomes for eating disorders in Sweden: data from the national quality registry
Authors: Södersten Per , Brodin Ulf , Sjöberg Jennie , Zandian Modjtaba , Bergh Cecilia 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo report the outcomes of eating disorders treatment in Sweden in 2012–2016.DesignThe number of patients treated and the number of patients not fulfilling an eating disorders diagnosis (remission) at 1 year of follow-up at the clinics listed in the National Quality Registry for Eating Disorders Treatment were analysed. The published outcomes at three clinics, which used survival analysis to estimate outcomes, were compared with their outcomes in the registry. Outcomes at the three biggest clinics were compared.SettingAll eating disorders clinics.ParticipantsAll patients treated at eating disorders clinics.InterventionCognitive–behavioural therapy at most clinics and normalisation of eating behaviour at the three clinics with published outcomes.Outcome measureProportion of patients in remission.ResultsAbout 2600 patients were treated annually, fewer than half were followed up and remission rates decreased from 21% in 2014 to 14% in 2016. Outcomes, which differed among clinics and within clinics over time, have been publicly overestimated by excluding patients lost to follow-up. The published estimated rate of remission at three clinics that treated 1200 patients in 1993–2011 was 27%, 28% and 40% at 1 year of follow-up. The average rate of remission over the three last years at the biggest of these clinics was 36% but decreased from 29% and 30% to 16 and 14% at the two other of the biggest clinics.ConclusionsWith more than half the patients lost to follow-up and no data on relapse in the National Quality Registry, it is difficult to estimate the effects of eating disorders treatment in Sweden. Analysis of time to clinically significant events, including an extended period of follow-up, has improved the quality of the estimates at three clinics. Overestimation of remission rates has misled healthcare policies. The effect of eating disorders treatment has also been overestimated internationally.
Utilizing a 3S (strategies, source and setting) approach to understand the patient’s preferences when addressing medication non-adherence in patients with diabetes: a focus group study in a primary outpatient clinic
Authors: Unni Elizabeth J , Van Wagoner Eve , Shiyanbola Olayinka O 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveNon-adherence with diabetes medicines is a challenge. Approximately 54% of patients are non-adherent with their diabetes medicines. The objective of this study was to understand patients’ preferences when addressing non-adherence based on the 3S approach—strategies (what approaches can be used in addressing non-adherence), settings (when and where should the intervention happen) and sources (who should provide the intervention).DesignA focus group research design was used.SettingA primary outpatient clinic from an integrated healthcare system in the USA.ParticipantsPatients who were non-adherent with diabetes medicines.Data collectionThe focus group guide was based on the Medication Adherence Reasons Scale, which has 19 reasons identified for non-adherence. For each item in the scale, patients were asked for strategies that can be used in addressing that issue, the setting in which the interventions should be provided and the source to provide the interventions.Data analysisOpen coding and content analysis.ResultsTwo focus groups, each group having seven patients, were conducted. The major strategies identified were patient education, self-responsibility of patients, family support, reminders and societal support. The key educational needs were dealing with side effects and learning to use insulin properly, and a need for different learning styles when offering education. For the source, the major ones were physicians and pharmacists, having a continuous dialogue about the disease and medicines, and individuality in managing the disease. Respondents also recommended using a peer support group. For the setting, the patients preferred continuity of patient education throughout the disease.ConclusionThe 3S approach was able to elicit several recommendations from patients to improve their adherence with diabetes medicines. Educational strategies were identified as the foremost approach coming from physicians and pharmacists throughout their disease journey, in addition to peer support.
Comorbidity and healthcare use for individuals with CVD in the Ireland: a cross-sectional, population-based study
Authors: Morrissey Karyn 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThis study explores the factors associated with health service use for individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and comorbidity in the Ireland.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional survey.SettingNationally representative health and health service use survey from the 2010 Quarterly National Household Survey was analysed.Primary outcome measuresFour outcome variables were examined: no CVD, CVD only, CVD with CVD-related comorbidities and CVD with non-CVD-related comorbidity.ResultsOf the 791 individuals reporting doctor-diagnosed CVD, 77% had a second morbidity. Using type of healthcare coverage as a proxy for socioeconomic status, both CVD-related and non CVD-related comorbidity increases the use of health service usage substantially for individuals with CVD, particularly general practitioner services (8.47, CI 4.49 to 15.96 and 5.20, CI 2.10 to 12.84) and inpatient public hospital care (3.64, CI 2.93 to 4.51 and 3.00, CI 2.11 to 4.26).ConclusionThis study indicated that even when demographic and socioeconomic factors are controlled for, comorbidity significantly increases the risk of accessing health services for individuals with CVD.
Fertility rates and the postponement of first births: a descriptive study with Finnish population data
Authors: Roustaei Zahra , Räisänen Sari , Gissler Mika , Heinonen Seppo 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesWe described the trend of fertility rates, age-specific fertility rates and associated factors in Finland over a 30-year period.DesignA descriptive population-based register study.SettingFertility data, including age at first birth, childlessness and educational levels were gathered from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and Statistics Finland.ParticipantsAll 1 792 792 live births from 1987 to 2016 in Finland.Main outcome measuresCompleted fertility rate, total fertility rate and age-specific fertility rate.ResultsThe total fertility rate of Finnish women fluctuated substantially from 1987 to 2016. Since 2010, the total fertility rate has gradually declined and reached the lowest during the study period in 2016: 1.57 children per woman. The mean maternal age at first birth rose by 2.5 years from 26.5 years in 1987 to 29 years in 2016. The proportion of childless women at the age of 50 years increased from 13.6% in 1989 to 19.6% in 2016. By considering the impact of postponement and childlessness, the effect on total fertility rates was between −0.01 and −0.12 points. Since 1987, the distribution of birth has declined for women under the age of 29 and increased for women aged 30 or more. However, start of childbearing after the age of 30 years was related to the completed fertility rate of less than two children per woman. The difference in completed fertility rate across educational groups was small.ConclusionsPostponement of first births was followed by decline in completed fertility rate. Increasing rate of childlessness, besides the mean age at first birth, was an important determinant for declined fertility rates, but the relation between women’s educational levels and the completed fertility rate was relatively weak.
Creatine and pregnancy outcomes, a prospective cohort study in low-risk pregnant women: study protocol
Authors: De Guingand Deborah L , Ellery Stacey J , Davies-Tuck Miranda L , Dickinson Hayley 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionThe creatine kinase circuit is central to the regulation of high-energy phosphate metabolism and the maintenance of cellular energy turnover. This circuit is fuelled by creatine, an amino acid derivative that can be obtained from a diet containing animal products, and by synthesis in the body de novo. A recent retrospective study conducted in a cohort of 287 pregnant women determined that maternal excreted levels of creatine may be associated with fetal growth. This prospective study aims to overcome some of the limitations associated with the previous study and thoroughly characterise creatine homeostasis throughout gestation in a low-risk pregnant population.Methods and analysisThis study is recruiting women with a singleton low-risk pregnancy who are attending Monash Health, in Melbourne, Australia. Maternal blood and urine samples, along with dietary surveys, are collected at five time points during pregnancy and then at delivery. Cord blood and placenta (including membranes and cord) are collected at birth. A biobank of tissue samples for future research is being established. Primary outcome measures will include creatine, creatine kinase and associated metabolites in antenatal bloods and urine, cord bloods and placenta, along with molecular analysis of the creatine transporter (SLC6A8) and synthesising enzymes L - arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) in placental tissues. Secondary outcome measures include dietary protein intake over pregnancy and any associations with maternal creatine, pregnancy events and birth outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted in August 2015 from Monash Health (Ref: 14140B) and Monash University (Ref: 7785). Study outcomes will be disseminated at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12618001558213; Pre-results.
Validation of the hospital frailty risk score in a tertiary care hospital in Switzerland: results of a prospective, observational study
Authors: Eckart Andreas , Hauser Stephanie Isabelle , Haubitz Sebastian , Struja Tristan , Kutz Alexander , Koch Daniel , Neeser Olivia , Meier Marc A , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesRecently, the Hospital Frailty Risk Score based on a derivation and validation study in the UK has been proposed as a low-cost, systematic screening tool to identify older, frail patients who are at a greater risk of adverse outcomes and for whom a frailty-attuned approach might be useful. We aimed to validate this Score in an independent cohort in Switzerland.DesignSecondary analysis of a prospective, observational study (TRIAGE study).SettingOne 600-bed tertiary care hospital in Aarau, Switzerland.ParticipantsConsecutive medical inpatients aged ≥75 years that presented to the emergency department or were electively admitted between October 2015 and April 2018.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary endpoint was all-cause 30-day mortality. Secondary endpoints were length of hospital stay, hospital readmission, functional impairment and quality of life measures. We used multivariate regression analyses.ResultsOf 4957 included patients, 3150 (63.5%) were classified as low risk, 1663 (33.5%) intermediate risk, and 144 (2.9%) high risk for frailty. Compared with the low-risk group, patients in the moderate risk and high-risk groups had increased risk for 30-day mortality (OR (OR) 2.53, 95% CI 2.09 to 3.06, p<0.001 and OR 4.40, 95% CI 2.94 to 6.57, p<0.001) with overall moderate discrimination (area under the ROC curve 0.66). The results remained robust after adjustment for important confounders. Similarly, we found longer length of hospital stay, more severe functional impairment and a lower quality of life in higher risk group patients.ConclusionOur data confirm the prognostic value of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score to identify older, frail people at risk for mortality and adverse outcomes in an independent patient population.Trial registration numberNCT01768494; Post-results.
Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filter Based on a Multi-Stub Loaded Loop Resonator
Authors: Xie Xiaodong , Yang Zhizhan , Deng Mingxing 
Published: January 2019

A multi-stub loaded loop resonator (MSLLR) is proposed in this paper, which exhibits five main resonant modes of interest. Then, an ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter is developed on it. Through direct source/load coupling, two transmission zeros can be created at both sides of the passband of the filter, which improves its frequency selectivity. The measured results of the fabricated filter show that its bandwidth can cover the UWB frequency range and the return loss in the passband is greater than 12.9[Formula: see text]dB. Frequency selectivity is improved due to two transmission zeros at both sides of the passband. Group delay variation is less than 0.48[Formula: see text]ns in the passband, which is relatively flat.
A Surface Potential-Based Model for Dual Gate Bilayer Graphene Field Effect Transistor Including the Capacitive Effects
Authors: Bardhan Sudipta , Sahoo Manodipan , Rahaman Hafizur 
Published: January 2019

In this work, a surface potential modeling approach has been proposed to model dual gate, bilayer graphene field effect transistor. The equivalent capacitive network of GFET has been improved considering the quantum capacitance effect for each layer and interlayer capacitances. Surface potentials of both layers are determined analytically from equivalent capacitive network. The explicit expression of drain to source current is established from drift-diffusion transport mechanism using the surface potentials of the layers. The drain current characteristics and transfer characteristics of the developed model shows good agreement with the experimental results in literatures. The small signal parameters of intrinsic graphene transistor i.e., output conductance ([Formula: see text]), transconductance ([Formula: see text]), gate to drain capacitance ([Formula: see text]) and gate to source capacitance ([Formula: see text]) have been derived and finally, the cut-off frequency is determined for the developed model. The model is compared with reported experimental data using Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) metric and it shows less than [Formula: see text] NRMSE. A Verilog-A code has been developed for this model and a single ended frequency doubler has been designed in Cadence Design environment using this Verilog-A model.
DIVERSITY MEASURES AND QUALITY OF BANKS’ BOARDS: THE ITALIAN CASE
Authors: LOCATELLI ROSSELLA , SCHENA CRISTIANA , TANDA ALESSANDRA , USELLI ANDREA 
Published: January 2019

Most of the studies in corporate governance in banks and other types of firms investigate board diversity and quality separately, without considering the possible relationship between these two. To fill this gap, this study investigates through a new methodological approach the level of quality and diversity of the boards of a sample of Italian banks using a proprietary hand-collected database; in addition, it examines the relationship between diversity and quality of boards to verify whether more diversity consistently relates to higher quality, in accordance with the regulatory approach.Evidence shows that especially small and mutual banks need to improve quality and diversity, as they probably suffer from their limited attractiveness to top profile directors. Moreover, on analyzing interrelations we find evidence of a positive association between board diversity and quality. In particular, financial skills and experience of directors improve the qualitative level of banking boards.
O eterno retorno do mesmo e a subversão da noção de fatalismo
Authors: Melo Neto João Evangelista Tude 
Published: January 2019

Tradicionalmente, ‘fatalismo’ é compreendido como uma doutrina que ensina a rigidez de um fado que anula o poder das ações humanas. Essa acepção de fatalismo não é, contudo, corroborada por Nietzsche. O autor, entretanto, não abandona o termo e passa a compreendê-lo num sentido subvertido. Levando isso em conta, os objetivos de nosso trabalho consistem em: 1) examinar de que forma Nietzsche compreende o termo ‘fatalismo’ em alguns momentos de sua obra; 2) tentar mostrar que as acepções de fatalismo nesses momentos possuem correspondência conceitual; 3) tentar entender a noção de fatalismo à luz da cosmologia nietzschiana.
Palavras-chaveFatalismo; Tempo; Eterno retorno do mesmo; Cosmologia; Transvaloração.
Andreas Urs Sommer. Nietzsche-Kommentar 5/1. Kommentar zu Nietzsches Jenseits von Gut und Bose.
Authors: Nasser Eduardo 
Published: January 2019

Andreas Urs SOMMERNietzsche-Kommentar 5/1. Kommentar zu Nietzsches Jenseits von Gut und Bose. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2016. xvii + 989 pp.
The Quinault Blowdown: A Microscale Wind Event Driven by a Mountain-Wave Rotor
Authors: Mass Clifford F. , Conrick Robert , Weber Nicholas , Zagrodnik Joseph P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOn 27 January 2018, a highly localized, strong wind event occurred along the north shore of Lake Quinault, Washington. The resulting loss of large old-growth trees in a roughly 0.5-km2 region led to blocked roads and power outages. Nearby surface stations did not record anomalous winds, and no tree damage was reported in the surrounding region. Based on public accounts and a nearby seismometer, it appears that the strong winds lasted less than 10 min. Surface and aerial damage surveys showed that the trees fell from a different direction (northerly) than the synoptic or mesoscale f low (southwesterly to southeasterly). Based on high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations, it appears that the damaging northerly winds were the result of a strong atmospheric rotor produced by a high-amplitude mountain wave. A simulation with 148-m grid spacing produced a rotor at the same time and location as the treefalls. Synoptic analysis and the high-resolution simulation showed that moderately strong southeasterly flow and a stable layer associated with the approaching occluded front interacted with a ∼750-m-high upstream mountain ridge to produce the mountain wave and associated rotor circulation. The combination of an inversion and strong shear at and above the upstream ridge were outliers in a climatology of soundings from the nearby Quillayute rawinsonde site, suggesting that such intense mountain-wave rotors are unusual in this valley.
IL-31 plays dual roles in lung inflammation in an OVA-induced murine asthma model
Authors: Huang Junqiong , Yue Huan , Jiang Tao , Gao Jing , Shi Yu , Shi Bin , Wu Xiaoxue , Gou Xiaoqin 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Interleukin 31 (IL-31) is a four-helix cytokine made predominantly by Th2 CD4+ T cells. It was initially identified as being associated with the promotion of atopic dermatitis, where increased levels of IL-31 levels have been found and IL-31 induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in a human bronchial epithelial cell line. However, subsequent study has shown that IL-31RA knockout mice developed exacerbated type 2 inflammation in the lung following infection with Schistosoma mansoni eggs. In this study, we investigated the dynamic expression of IL-31 and IL-31RA during eight consecutive ovalbumin (OVA) challenges and measured the chemokines from lung alveolar epithelial cells induced by IL-31. In addition, we examined the effect deletion of IL-31RA has on lung inflammation and the differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Our results demonstrate that the expression of IL-31 and IL-31RA was elevated after each weekly OVA challenge, although slightly less of both observed after the first week of OVA challenge. IL-31 also promoted the expression of inflammatory chemokines CCL5, CCL6, CCL11, CCL16, CCL22, CCL28, CX3CL1, CXCL3, CXCL14 and CXCL16 in alveolar epithelial cells. Migration of macrophages and T cells was enhanced by culture supernatants of IL-31-stimulated alveolar epithelial cells. Lastly, and in contrast to the IL-31 results, mice deficient in IL-31RA developed exacerbated lung inflammation, increased IL-4-positive cell infiltrates and elevated Th2 cytokine responses in draining lymph nodes. The proliferation of IL-31RA−/− CD4+ T cells was enhanced in vitro after anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibody stimulation. These data indicate that IL-31/IL-31RA may play dual roles, first as an early inflammatory mediator promoting the secretion of chemokines to recruit inflammatory cells, and subsequently as a late inflammatory suppressor, limiting Th2 cytokine responses in allergic asthma.
Assessment of thiol/disulfide balance as an oxidative stress marker in children with β-thalassemia major
Authors: Guzelcicek Ahmet , Cakirca Gokhan , Erel Ozcan , Solmaz Abdullah 
Published: January 2019

Objective: We aimed to investigate the oxidative stress status in children with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) by measuring native thiol (SH), disulfide (SS) and total thiol (SH + SS) plasma levels.
Methods: This study was carried out from November 2017 to March 2018 at the Pediatric Hematology Clinic of the Harran University Medical Faculty Hospital. Blood specimens were collected from 100 participants, including 50 β-TM patients and 50 controls, and SH, SS and SH+SS levels were detected through a newly developed method.
Results: SH, SS, SH+SS levels and SS/SH ratio were markedly higher in β-TM patients than in controls. In β-TM group, SH and SH+SS levels were positively correlated with age, albumin and total bilirubin. Serum ferritin level was positively correlated with SH, SH+SS, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase.
Conclusions: We found that the SS/SH ratio was high in patients with β-TM, which shows increased oxidative stress. This ratio may be considered as a tool for the determination of oxidative status in such patients due to easily calculate, suitable for routine use and economical.
How to cite this:Guzelcicek A, Cakirca G, Erel O, Abdullah Solmaz4. Assessment of thiol/disulfide balance as an oxidative stress marker in children with β-thalassemia major. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):161-165. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.307
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.