bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gathering society's opinion of the sustainable management and economic value of the coastal zone
Authors: Halkos George , Matsiori Steriani 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study explores people's perceptions of marine ecosystem services and sustainable coastal zone management. More specifically, it investigates the relationship between respondents' attitudes and motives for placing economic value on the coastal zone, expressing their intention to pay for coastal zone quality improvement. Primary data were obtained from a sample of 468 people living on the coastline of the Pagasitikos Gulf. Respondents' attitude was measured using questions that include issues related to the marine ecosystem. Our empirical findings reveal that ‘people's responsibility’ and respondents' perception of ‘endangered species’ are the main factors explaining their attitude towards the marine environment. In a second stage, we explore the relationship between people's intention to pay for coastal zone quality improvement in the region and ‘people's responsibility’.
From Single Atoms to Nanoparticles: Autocatalysis and Metal Aggregation in Atomic Layer Deposition of Pt on TiO2 Nanopowder
Authors: Grillo Fabio , Van Bui Hao , La Zara Damiano , Aarnink Antonius A. I. , Kovalgin Alexey Y. , Kooyman Patricia , Kreutzer Michiel T. , van Ommen Jan Rudolf 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA fundamental understanding of the interplay between ligand‐removal kinetics and metal aggregation during the formation of platinum nanoparticles (NPs) in atomic layer deposition of Pt on TiO2 nanopowder using trimethyl(methylcyclo‐pentadienyl)platinum(IV) as the precursor and O2 as the coreactant is presented. The growth follows a pathway from single atoms to NPs as a function of the oxygen exposure (PO2 × time). The growth kinetics is modeled by accounting for the autocatalytic combustion of the precursor ligands via a variant of the Finke–Watzky two‐step model. Even at relatively high oxygen exposures (<120 mbar s) little to no Pt is deposited after the first cycle and most of the Pt is atomically dispersed. Increasing the oxygen exposure above 120 mbar s results in a rapid increase in the Pt loading, which saturates at exposures >> 120 mbar s. The deposition of more Pt leads to the formation of NPs that can be as large as 6 nm. Crucially, high PO2 (≥5 mbar) hinders metal aggregation, thus leading to narrow particle size distributions. The results show that ALD of Pt NPs is reproducible across small and large surface areas if the precursor ligands are removed at high PO2.
Selective friends in C++
Authors: Márton Gábor , Porkoláb Zoltán 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThere is a strong prejudice against the friendship access control mechanism in C++. People claim that friendship breaks the encapsulation, reflects bad design, and creates too strong coupling. However, friends appear even in the most carefully designed systems, and if it is used judiciously (like using the attorney‐client idiom), they may be better choice than widening the public interface of the class.In this paper, we investigate how the friendship mechanism is used in C++ programs. We have made measurements on several open source projects to understand the current use of friends. Our results show various holes and errors in friend usage, like friend functions accessing only public members or not accessing members at all or the class, which declare friends has no private members at all. The results also show that friend functions actually use only a low percentage of the private members they were granted to access, which is a source of errors.These results have motivated us to propose a selective friend language construct for C++, which can restrict friendship only to well‐defined members. Such a new language element may decrease the degradation of encapsulation and significantly increase the diagnostic capacity of the compiler. We have created a proof‐of‐concept implementation based on the LLVM/Clang compiler infrastructure to show that such constructs can be established with a minimal syntactical and compilation overhead.
An economically and environmentally acceptable synthesis of chiral drug intermediate l-pipecolic acid from biomass-derived lysine via artificially engineered microbes
Authors: Cheng Jie , Huang Yuding , Mi Le , Chen Wujiu , Wang Dan , Wang Qinhong 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Deficiency in petroleum resources and increasing environmental concerns have pushed a bio-based economy to be built, employing a highly reproducible, metal contaminant free, sustainable and green biomanufacturing method. Here, a chiral drug intermediate l-pipecolic acid has been synthesized from biomass-derived lysine. This artificial bioconversion system involves the coexpression of four functional genes, which encode l-lysine α-oxidase from Scomber japonicus, glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis, Δ1-piperideine-2-carboxylase reductase from Pseudomonas putida, and lysine permease from Escherichia coli. Besides, a lysine degradation enzyme has been knocked out to strengthen the process in this microbe. The overexpression of LysP improved the l-pipecolic acid titer about 1.6-folds compared to the control. This engineered microbial factory showed the highest l-pipecolic acid production of 46.7 g/L reported to date and a higher productivity of 2.41 g/L h and a yield of 0.89 g/g. This biotechnological l-pipecolic acid production is a simple, economic, and green technology to replace the presently used chemical synthesis.
Sonographic Evaluation of Umbilical Vein
Authors: Shah Deval , Shah Nilpa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo evaluate intraabdominal course of umbilical vein, its relation with portal vein and ductus venosus and its anomalies. All pregnant women were examined during midtrimester anomaly scan between January 2015 and December 2017. With evaluation of umbilical vein in its intraabdominal course, size of umbilical vein, its relation to the stomach and the gallbladder and origin of ductus venosus were studied in middle and upper abdominal axial and sagittal planes by two dimensional and colour doppler sonography. Anastomosis of umbilical vein with portal vein and its further course was examined and detailed anatomical survey was made to look for associated anomalies. Fetal and neonatal outcome was assessed after delivery. Twelve cases of umbilical vein abnormalities were evaluated. Of them, there were three cases of umbilical vein varix, four cases of persistent right umbilical vein and five cases of abnormal umbilical–portal–systemic venous shunt were noted. Examination of the intraabdominal course of umbilical vein and ductus venosus should be a part of second trimester anomaly scan. Proper knowledge of umbilical portal venous system is mandatory.
Effects of Antiparkinson Medication on Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Roy Marc-André , Doiron Maxime , Talon-Croteau Jessica , Dupré Nicolas , Simard Martine 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjective: This study aimed to systematically review the effects of currently prescribed antiparkinson medication on cognition in patients with mild-to-moderate Parkinson’s disease (PD) who were either cognitively intact or mildly impaired. Methods: English- and French-language studies published between 1969 and 2017 were accessed via MedLine, PsychNET, EMBASE and EBSCO databases. Methodological quality (MQ) was evaluated with the quality assessment instrument of the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Review (scores from 0% to 44% indicate very low quality; scores from 45% to 64% indicate low quality; scores from 65% to 84% indicate medium quality; and scores from 85% to 100% indicate high quality). Hedges’ g and Student’s t-test were performed on all cognitive outcome measures reported. Results: In total, 14 studies assessed the cognitive effects of levodopa (L-D), pramipexole (PRX), selegiline (SEL) and rasagiline (RAS) in mild-to-moderate non-demented PD patients. The MQ was overall low, with an average score of 49.1%. Results for L-D showed deleterious effects on a test of cognitive inhibition, as well as benefits on tests of attention/processing speed/working memory, executive functions and episodic memory. Pramipexole was associated with a worsening of episodic memory and impulse control. Results on SEL indicated a deterioration of global cognition over time and of concept formation. Rasagiline had some benefits on working memory and verbal fluency. Conclusion: Antiparkinson medications can have deleterious (L-D; PRX; SEL) and beneficial (L-D; RAS) effects on cognition. However, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials with larger sample sizes are required to better elucidate this issue.
Surface and Nonlocal Effects on Coupled In-Plane Shear Buckling and Vibration of Single-Layered Graphene Sheets Resting on Elastic Media and Thermal Environments using DQM
Authors: Abdollahi F. , Ghassemi A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this article, surface and nonlocal effects are explored in the analysis of buckling and vibration in rectangular single-layered graphene sheets embedded in elastic media and subjected to coupled in-plane loadings and thermal conditions. The small-scale and surface effects are taken into account using the Eringen's nonlocal elasticity and Gurtin-Murdoch's theory, respectively. Using the principle of virtual work, the governing equations considering small-scale are derived for the nanoplate bulk and surface. The differential quadrature method (DQM) is utilized for the solution of the relevant problems and the results are validated against Navier's solutions. The impacts of the nonlocal parameter, Winkler and shear elastic moduli, temperature rise, boundary conditions, and the in-plane biaxial, uniaxial, and shear loadings on the surface effects of buckling and vibration are investigated. Numerical results show that increasing nonlocal parameter leads to enhanced surface effects on both buckling and vibration. This is in contrast to those reported elsewhere. Moreover, increasing in-plane loads are observed to enhance surface effects on vibration. On the other hand, the nonlocal parameter is observed to have more pronounced effects on shear buckling and vibration of plates subjected to coupled in-plane shear loads than those subjected to biaxial and uniaxial loads. This is while surface effects have greater impacts on biaxial buckling and vibration of nanoplates than on shear buckling and vibration.
Modelling Pulsar Glitches: The Hydrodynamics of Superfluid Vortex Avalanches in Neutron Stars
Authors: Khomenko V. , Haskell B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe dynamics of quantised vorticity in neutron star interiors is at the heart of most pulsar glitch models. However, the large number of vortices (up to ≈1013) involved in a glitch and the huge disparity in scales between the femtometre scale of vortex cores and the kilometre scale of the star makes quantum dynamical simulations of the problem computationally intractable. In this paper, we take a first step towards developing a mean field prescription to include the dynamics of vortices in large-scale hydrodynamical simulations of superfluid neutron stars. We consider a one-dimensional setup and show that vortex accumulation and differential rotation in the neutron superfluid lead to propagating waves, or ‘avalanches’, as solutions for the equations of motion for the superfluid velocities. We introduce an additional variable, the fraction of free vortices, and test different prescriptions for its advection with the superfluid flow. We find that the new terms lead to solutions with a linear component in the rise of a glitch, and that, in specific setups, they can give rise to glitch precursors and even to decreases in frequency, or ‘anti-glitches’.
Selective flowers to attract and enhanceTelenomus laeviceps(Hymenoptera: Scelionidae): a released biocontrol agent ofMamestra brassicae(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Barloggio G. , Tamm L. , Nagel P. , Luka H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe importance of the right food source for the survival and reproduction of certain insect species is well documented. In the case of biocontrol agents, this is even more important in order to reach a high predation or parasitation performance. The egg parasitoidTelenomus laeviceps(Förster, 1861) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a promising candidate for mass release as a biological control agent of the cabbage mothMamestra brassicae(Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). However, adultT. laevicepsneed a sugar-rich food source to increase their parasitation performance and produce a good amount of female offspring. Released biocontrol agents were shown to benefit from conservation biocontrol, which includes the provision of selected flowers as nectar resources for beneficial insects. In Switzerland,Centaurea cyanusL. (Asteraceae),Fagopyrum esculentumMoench (Polygonaceae) andVicia sativaL. (Fabaceae) are successfully implemented in the field to attract and promote natural enemies of different cabbage pests. In this study, we investigated the potential of these selected flowers to attract and promoteT. laevicepsunder laboratory conditions. In Y-tube olfactometer experiments, we first tested whether the three nectar providing plant species are attractive toT. laeviceps. Furthermore, we assessed their effects on survival and parasitation performance of adultT. laeviceps. We found that flowers ofF. esculentumandC. cyanuswere attractive in contrast toV. sativa.Also fecundity and the number of female offspring produced were higher for females kept onF. esculentumandC. cyanusthan onV. sativa.In contrast, survival was similar on all treatments. Our findings present a further key step towards the implementation ofT. laevicepsas a biocontrol agent.
LEAVENED APPREHENSIONS: BREAD SUBSIDIES AND MORAL ECONOMIES IN HASHEMITE JORDAN
Authors: Martínez José Ciro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article analyzes the microprocesses that imbue bread with meaning and the macropolitics that shape its subsidized provision. It begins by outlining bread's multiple forms of value and significance, some easily quantifiable, others not. It problematizes the predominant approach to studying moral economies before putting forth an alternative framework. Drawing on eighteen months of fieldwork in Jordan, the following empirical sections examine the different ways in which bureaucrats, bakers, and ordinary citizens portray the government's universal subsidy of Arabic bread. I unpack the diverse opinions encountered in the field and discuss their links to the Hashemite regime's polyvalent legitimating discourse. The article then dissects the politics of provisions that contribute to the bread subsidy's paradoxical persistence. It concludes by considering the relationship between moral economies, opposition politics, and authoritarian power in the context of Jordan's ongoing food subsidy debate.
CINEMATIC GOVERNMENTALITY: CINEMA AND EDUCATION IN MODERN IRAN, 1900S–1930S
Authors: Rekabtalaei Golbarg 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMuch of the scholarship on the history of Iranian cinema considers film spectatorship in the first three decades of the 20th century as a leisure practice with origins in royalist and elitist entertainment forms. However, a close reading of archival material from this era reveals that cinema's significance extended well beyond its role as a pastime, as it became engaged in the governance of the self and disciplinary strategies of the state in Iran's experience of modernity in the early 20th century. In this article, I reperiodize the history of cinema in Iran by demonstrating the entanglement of cinema in popular nationalist discourses on education prior to cinema's institutionalization in the 1930s. Drawing on newspaper articles, film announcements, official documents, and poems, I show how, despite the absence of a centralized cinema institution in the 1910s and early 1920s, cosmopolitan citizens in dialogue with global trends promoted cinema as a means for the governance of selfhood and moral edification in the service of national progress. With the appropriation of cinema by the Pahlavi state in the 1930s, cinema was used as a technique of governmentality that aimed to conduct the conduct of individuals and shape an Iranian civic society.
Urban Histories of Place and Labour: The Chillia Taximen of Bombay/Mumbai
Authors: BEDI TARINI 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhen it comes to historical and ethnographic accounts of transport labour outside the West, scholars have only recently intervened to correct the paucity of systematic scholarship in this area. This article is in conversation with scholarship in both labour history and urban anthropology through which it links the modern history of a particular mode of urban transport (the taxi) and the labouring history of those who drive, move, and fix it. Through a focus on a community of hereditary taxi drivers known aschilliain the Indian city of Bombay/Mumbai, this article expands our understanding of labour experiences of the city through the twentieth century and into the present. It moves between historical archives, oral history, and lived experience to illuminate how the labour of transport workers structures circulations, collective identities, and urban space. It explores several dimensions of the history and present of transport labour in India. First, it is concerned with the connection between the work of hereditary motoring and the reconfiguration and constitution of communal identities in contexts of urban labour migration. Second, it is interested how labour practices become embedded in broader social and cultural space. Third, given that chillia have continued in the trade for over 100 years, the article explores the circuits of work and labour surrounding their trade to illuminate intersections between political and cultural shifts in Mumbai, changing conditions of work in contemporary contexts of globalizing capital, and the forms of ‘non-consent’ that emerge out of these networks.
Positive periodic solutions for singular fourth-order differential equations with a deviating argument
Authors: Kong Fanchao , Liang Zaitao 
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we study the singular fourth-order differential equation with a deviating argument:By using Mawhin's continuation theorem and some analytic techniques, we establish some criteria to guarantee the existence of positive periodic solutions. The significance of this paper is that g has a strong singularity at x = 0 and satisfies a small force condition at x = ∞, which is different from the known ones in the literature.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a latrine intervention in the reduction of childhood diarrhoeal health in Nyando District, Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Babb C. , Makotsi N. , Heimler I. , Bailey R. C. , Hershow R. C. , Masanga P. , Mehta S. D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCommunity-led total sanitation (CLTS) is an intervention that strives to end the practice of open defaecation. This study measured the effectiveness of CLTS in Nyando District by examining the association between community open defaecation-free (ODF) status and childhood diarrhoeal illness. A cross-sectional study design was used among households with children ⩽5 years old to ascertain information on acute diarrhoea in the past year (outcome), sanitation and health behaviours. Water testing was conducted to determine Escherichia coli and turbidity levels for 55 water sources. Data were obtained from 210 parents or caregivers from an ODF community and 216 parents or caregivers in a non-ODF community. The non-ODF participants reported a non-significant 16% increased risk of diarrhoea compared with the participants from the ODF community. Children's HIV positivity (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 2.29; 95% CI 2.07–2.53), unsafe child stool disposal (aPR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.74–2.12) and low household income (aPR = 1.93; 95% CI 1.46–2.56) were associated with diarrhoea, in the non-ODF community. The ODF location had a higher percentage of E. coli in the drinking water compared with the non-ODF location (76.7% vs. 60%). Diarrhoeal disease rates in children ⩽5 years old did not differ by whether a latrine intervention was implemented. Water sampling findings suggest water safety may have decreased the effectiveness of the CLTS’ improvement of childhood diarrhoea. Improved water treatment practices, safe stool disposal and education may improve the CLTS intervention in ODF communities and therefore reduced the risk of childhood diarrhoea.
Hurricane Harvey Links to Ocean Heat Content and Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Trenberth Kevin E. , Cheng Lijing , Jacobs Peter , Zhang Yongxin , Fasullo John 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile hurricanes occur naturally, human‐caused climate change is supercharging them and exacerbating the risk of major damage. Here using ocean and atmosphere observations, we demonstrate links between increased upper ocean heat content due to global warming with the extreme rainfalls from recent hurricanes. Hurricane Harvey provides an excellent case study as it was isolated in space and time. We show that prior to the beginning of northern summer of 2017, ocean heat content was the highest on record both globally and in the Gulf of Mexico, but the latter sharply decreased with hurricane Harvey via ocean evaporative cooling. The lost ocean heat was realized in the atmosphere as moisture, and then as latent heat in record‐breaking heavy rainfalls. Accordingly, record high ocean heat values not only increased the fuel available to sustain and intensify Harvey but also increased its flooding rains on land. Harvey could not have produced so much rain without human‐induced climate change. Results have implications for the role of hurricanes in climate. Proactive planning for the consequences of human‐caused climate change is not happening in many vulnerable areas, making the disasters much worse.
The Three‐Dimensional Bow Shock of Mars as Observed by MAVEN
Authors: Gruesbeck Jacob R. , Espley Jared R. , Connerney John E. P. , DiBraccio Gina A. , Soobiah Yasir I. , Brain David , Mazelle Christian , Dann Julian , Halekas Jasper , Mitchell David L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Martian magnetosphere is a product of the interaction of Mars with the interplanetary magnetic field and the supersonic solar wind. The location of the bow shock has been previously modeled as conic sections using data from spacecraft such as Phobos 2, Mars Global Surveyor, and Mars Express. The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission spacecraft arrived in orbit about Mars in November 2014 resulting in thousands of crossings to date. We identify over 1,000 bow shock crossings. We model the bow shock as a three‐dimensional surface accommodating asymmetry caused by crustal magnetic fields. By separating MAVEN's bow shock encounters based on solar condition, we also investigate the variability of the surface. We find that the shock surface varies in shape and location in response to changes in the solar radiation, the solar wind Mach number, dynamic pressure of the solar wind, and the relative local time location of the strong crustal magnetic fields (i.e., whether they are on the dayside or on the nightside).