bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managerial Social Networks and Innovation: A Meta‐Analysis of Bonding and Bridging Effects across Institutional Environments
Authors: Kraft Priscilla S. , Bausch Andreas 
Published: April 2018

An increasing body of research has emphasized that managerial social networks are crucial for innovation. However, empirical research has yielded inconclusive results which have stimulated an ongoing debate about which type of networks are most conducive to innovation: bonding (cohesive) or bridging (diverse) networks? To resolve this debate, a growing number of scholars have argued that whether cohesive or diverse networks are more beneficial for innovation depends on the context. To extend this stream of research, this study draws on social network and institutional theory to examine the moderating role of both formal and informal institutional environments. Using several meta‐analytic techniques to integrate findings from 88 studies, thereby spanning 26 different countries and 20 years of research, the results of this study reveal that institutional environments significantly moderate the impact bonding and bridging networks have on innovation. In particular, the findings indicate that cohesive networks are more effective to stimulate innovation in weak political, regulatory, and financial institutions as well as in collectivistic cultures, whereas diverse networks are more beneficial for innovation in strong political and regulatory institutions as well as in individualistic cultures. This study thus extends prior research on managerial networks and innovation by uncovering how formal and informal institutions influence whether bridging or bonding networks are more beneficial for innovation. For practitioners, the results provide important insights as they reveal how top managers can cope with different formal institutions and cultural settings through specific types of networks to best promote innovation.Practitioner Points

Top managers can use different types of networks (cohesive vs. diverse) to foster innovation. However, whether cohesive or diverse networks are more beneficial for innovation depends on the institutional environment in which they are embedded.

As establishing and maintaining networks is costly and time‐consuming, top managers should focus on the fit between the type of network and the institutional setting they are in to best promote innovation.

Specifically, top managers should build cohesive networks to cope with weak political, regulatory, and financial institutions, whereas they should invest in diverse networks in strong political and regulatory institutions to foster innovation.

Moreover, top managers should establish cohesive networks to foster innovation in collectivistic cultures, whereas they should build diverse networks in individualistic cultures.
In vitro assessment of quality of citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose‐adenine‐1 preserved feline blood collected by a commercial closed system
Authors: Crestani Chiara , Stefani Annalisa , Carminato Antonio , Cro Angelica , Capello Katia , Corrò Michela , Bozzato Elisa , Mutinelli Franco , Vascellari Marta 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundOptimal procedure for storage of feline blood is needed. Open‐collection systems have been employed in feline medicine, thus limiting the possibility for storage.ObjectivesTo evaluate indicators of quality of feline blood stored for 35 days at +4°C in a closed‐collection system specifically designed for cats.AnimalsEight healthy adult European domestic shorthair cats with a weight of 5‐6.8 kg.MethodsThis is a case series study. A bacteriological test, CBC, blood smear, pH, osmotic fragility, 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurement were performed weekly on whole blood (WB) units from day 1 to day 35 after donation. The hemolysis index, lactate and potassium concentrations, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen were measured on plasma aliquots.ResultsOne out of eight blood units (BUs) had bacterial growth (Serratia marcescens) at day 35. No significant differences were found regarding CBC, morphology, pH, and osmotic fragility. Despite high inter‐individual variability and low starting levels, significant decreases in the mean concentrations of 2,3‐DPG (T0 1.99 mmol/g Hb, SD 0.52, T35 1.25 mmol/g Hb, SD 1.43; P = .003) and ATP (T0 1.45 mmol/g Hb, SD 0.71, T35 0.62 mmol/g Hb, SD 0.51; P < .001) were detected during the study, as opposed to an increase in hemolysis (T0 0.11 mmol/L, SD 0.07, T35 0.84 mmol/L, SD 0.19; P < .001), lactate (T0 3.30 mmol/L, SD 0.86, T35 13.36 mmol/L, SD 2.90; P < .001), and potassium (T0 3.10 mmol/L, SD 0.21, T35 4.12 mmol/L, SD 0.35; P < .001) concentrations.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe commercial BU kit is appropriate for blood collection and conservation of WB in cats. The maintenance of WB quality indicators during storage is essential for future improvements of feline transfusion medicine.
Impact cratering as a cause of climate change, surface alteration, and resurfacing during the early history of Mars
Authors: Palumbo Ashley M. , Head James W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAncient valley networks (VNs) and related open‐ and closed‐basin lakes are testimony to the presence of flowing liquid water on the surface of Mars in the Late Noachian and Early Hesperian. Uncertain, however, has been the mechanism responsible for causing the necessary rainfall and runoff and/or snowfall and subsequent melting. Impact cratering has been proposed (e.g., Segura et al. 2002) as a process for temporarily raising temperatures and inducing conditions that would produce rainfall, snowmelt, runoff, and formation of the VNs and associated lacustrine features. We refer to the collective effects of this process as the ICASE model (impact cratering atmospheric/surface effects). In this contribution, we assess the proposed impact cratering mechanism in order to understand its climatic implications for early Mars: we outline the step‐by‐step events in the cratering process and explore the predictions for atmospheric and surface geological consequences. For large and basin‐scale impacts, rainfall should be globally and homogeneously distributed and characterized by very high temperatures. Rainfall rates are predicted to be high, ~2 m yr−1, similar to rates in tropical rainforests on Earth, and runoff rates are correspondingly very high. These predicted characteristics do not seem to be consistent with the observed VNs, which are mainly equatorial and not homogeneous in their distribution. Prior to the Late Noachian, however, we predict that basin‐scale impact effects are very likely to contribute significantly to degradation of crater rims and regional smoothing of terrain, implying vast resurfacing and resetting of crater ages following large crater and basin‐scale impacts. Furthermore, the high temperatures of impact‐induced rainwater and snowmelt and the pervasive penetration of heat into the regolith substrate are predicted to have a significant influence on the mineralogical alteration of the crust and its resulting physical properties. We conclude by describing a case example (Isidis basin) and describe how the ICASE model provides an alternative scenario for the interpretation of the layered phyllosilicates in the Nili Fossae and NE Sytris regions. We outline specific conclusions and recommendations designed to improve the ICASE model and to promote further understanding of its implications for the geological, mineralogical, and climate history of early Mars.
Phase transitions of α‐quartz at elevated temperatures under dynamic compression using a membrane‐driven diamond anvil cell: Clues to impact cratering?
Authors: Carl Eva‐Regine , Liermann Hanns‐Peter , Ehm Lars , Danilewsky Andreas , Kenkmann Thomas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCoesite and stishovite are high‐pressure silica polymorphs known to have been formed at several terrestrial impact structures. They have been used to assess pressure and temperature conditions that deviate from equilibrium formation conditions. Here we investigate the effects of nonhydrostatic, dynamic stresses on the formation of high‐pressure polymorphs and the amorphization of α‐quartz at elevated temperatures. The obtained disequilibrium states are compared with those predicted by phase diagrams derived from static experiments under equilibrium conditions. We analyzed phase transformations starting with α‐quartz in situ under dynamic loading utilizing a membrane‐driven diamond anvil cell. Using synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction, the phase transitions of SiO2 are identified up to 77.2 GPa and temperatures of 1160 K at compression rates ranging between 0.10 and 0.37 GPa s−1. Coesite starts forming above 760 K in the pressure range between 2 and 11 GPa. At 1000 K, coesite starts to transform to stishovite. This phase transition is not completed at 1160 K in the same pressure range. Therefore, the temperature initiates the phase transition from α‐quartz to coesite, and the transition from coesite to stishovite. Below 1000 K and during compression, α‐quartz becomes amorphous and partially converts to stishovite. This phase transition occurs between 25 and 35 GPa. Above 1000 K, no amorphization of α‐quartz is observed. High temperature experiments reveal the strong thermal dependence of the formation of coesite and stishovite under nonhydrostatic and disequilibrium conditions.
Training Studies: An Experimental Design to Advance Educational Neuroscience
Authors: Rosenberg‐Lee Miriam 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe promise of educational neuroscience lies in its potential to uncover mechanistic insights into the science of learning. However, to realize that promise, the field must overcome a fundamental difference between the constituent disciplines: neuroscience is primarily concerned with understanding how the brain works; whereas education attempts to change the brain regardless of its workings. Learning is one domain where these orientations align: it is a deep feature of nervous systems and a target outcome of education. This article proposes coupling training studies with neuroimaging to assess the impact of real‐world learning on brain activity patterns, and simultaneously ask fundamental questions about the causal role of specific patterns of brain activity in academic skill acquisition. Finally, planning and implementing these studies requires multiple forms of expertise and collaborating across disciplines, which will contribute to a more cohesive educational neuroscience research community.
The sigma factor σ54 is required for the long‐term survival of Leptospira biflexa in water
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Jie , Hu Wei‐Lin , Yang Youyun , Li Hongxia , Picardeau Mathieu , Yan Jie , Yang X. Frank 
Published: April 2018

SummaryLeptospira spp. comprise both pathogenic and free‐living saprophytic species. Little is known about the environmental adaptation and survival mechanisms of Leptospira. Alternative sigma factor, σ54 (RpoN) is known to play an important role in environmental and host adaptation in many bacteria. In this study, we constructed an rpoN mutant by allele exchange, and the complemented strain in saprophytic L. biflexa. Transcriptome analysis revealed that expression of several genes involved in nitrogen uptake and metabolism, including amtB1, glnB‐amtB2, ntrX and narK, were controlled by σ54. While wild‐type L. biflexa could not grow under nitrogen‐limiting conditions but was able to survive under such conditions and recover rapidly, the rpoN mutant was not. The rpoN mutant also had dramatically reduced ability to survive long‐term in water. σ54 appears to regulate expression of amtB1, glnK‐amtB2, ntrX and narK in an indirect manner. However, we identified a novel nitrogen‐related gene, LEPBI_I1011, whose expression was directly under the control of σ54 (herein renamed as rcfA for RpoN‐controlled factor A). Taken together, our data reveal that the σ54 regulatory network plays an important role in the long‐term environmental survival of Leptospira spp.
The cognitive structuring of national identity: individual differences in identifying as American
Authors: Rosenberg Shawn , Beattie Peter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHow citizens view the nation and identify with it is an important element of the phenomenon of nationalism. While shaped by culture, this identification is also subjectively constructed by individuals. Most research on the psychology of national identity is oriented by the assumption that all people think in basically the same way, in terms of simple categories. We complement this approach by examining differences in the quality of people's thinking. While many people think in the simple concrete categorical terms assumed in most research, we argue that some individuals either do not think categorically or they think about categories in a reflective, abstract way. Consequently, these other people construct their national identity differently. To test this, we conducted an online survey that included interactive problem‐solving tasks to assess cognitive functioning and standard survey items to measure the quality and affect of participants' American identity. Our results indicate significant differences in the qualities of individuals' thinking that are reflected in differences in their national identification.
Membranous nephropathy with light chain restricted deposits
Authors: Ramachandran Raja , Inamdar Neeraj , Bharati Joyita , Yadav Ashok K , Kumar Ashwani , Prakash Gaurav , Nada Ritambhra , Rathi Manish , Kohli Harbir Singh , Gupta Krishan L , Jha Vivekanand 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe literature on membranous nephropathy (MN) with monoclonal deposits on immunofluorescence (IF) and their outcome is very scarce. We report our experience of managing five patients with this clinical entity. The mean age of the patients was 33.2 ± 6.55 years. The mean proteinuria, serum albumin and serum creatinine was 5.73 ± 2.17 g/day, 2.86 ± 0.51 g/dL and 1.34 ± 1.19 mg/dL, respectively. None of the patients had a lymphoproliferative disorder. Only one patient had an elevated free light chain ratio. Four (80%) patients were M‐type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) negative (tissue and serum), and one (20%) was PLA2R related. Three (60%) cases had monoclonal IgG3/k, one IgG3/λ, whereas one patient with PLA2R positivity had an IgG3/IgG4k subtype. Two (67%) patients treated with cyclical cyclophosphamide and steroids (cCYC/GC) achieved complete remission and one patient (33%) with elevated baseline creatinine had a reduction in serum creatinine with persistent proteinuria at the end of the 12th month of follow‐up. One patient with PLA2R positive MN was treated with Rituximab and is in complete remission. The patient with an elevated free light chain at baseline was treated with Bortezomib/Thalidomide/Dexamethasone, had complete remission at 12 months, however, had a progressive rise in creatinine over the next 40 months of follow‐up. The current series, though limited by numbers, documents the efficacy of conventional therapies in non‐malignant associated MN with monoclonal deposits on IF.
Are there multiple ways to direct attention in working memory?
Authors: Atkinson Amy L. , Berry Ed D.J. , Waterman Amanda H. , Baddeley Alan D. , Hitch Graham J. , Allen Richard J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn visual working memory tasks, memory for an item is enhanced if participants are told that the item is relatively more valuable than others presented within the same trial. Experiment 1 explored whether these probe value boosts (termed prioritization effects in previous literature) are affected by probe frequency (i.e., how often the more valuable item is tested). Participants were presented with four colored shapes sequentially and asked to recall the color of one probed item following a delay. They were informed that the first item was more valuable (differential probe value) or as valuable as the other items (equal probe value), and that this item would be tested more frequently (differential probe frequency) or as frequently (equal probe frequency) as the other items. Probe value and probe frequency boosts were observed at the first position, though both were accompanied by costs to other items. Probe value and probe frequency boosts were additive, suggesting the manipulations yield independent effects. Further supporting this, experiment 2 revealed that probe frequency boosts are not reliant on executive resources, directly contrasting with previous findings regarding probe value. Taken together, these outcomes suggest there may be several ways in which attention can be directed in working memory.
Neural correlates of enhanced executive functions: is less more?
Authors: Putkinen Vesa , Saarikivi Katri 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMusical training has been associated with superior performance in various executive function tasks. To date, only a few neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural substrates of the supposed “musician advantage” in executive functions, precluding definite conclusions about its neural basis. Here, we provide a selective review of neuroimaging studies on plasticity and typical maturation of executive functions, with the aim of investigating how proficient performance in executive function tasks is reflected in brain activity. Specifically, we examine the evidence for the hypothesis that enhanced or mature executive functions are manifested as efficient use of neural systems supporting those functions. We also present preliminary results from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study suggesting—in line with this hypothesis—that musically trained adolescents recruit frontoparietal regions less strongly during executive functions tasks than untrained peers.
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis of the jaw – difficulties in diagnosis
Authors: Molyneaux Charlotte 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is a relatively uncommon inflammatory disease which if often difficult to diagnose. This report describes the case of a 14‐year‐old girl and her journey in reaching a diagnosis. This is often a long process which involves many interventions. The report discusses the difficulties in diagnosis and potential guidelines for reaching a working diagnosis.
Klippel Trenaunay Weber syndrome – a case report of a unique oral presentation and special management
Authors: Badr M. , El‐Awa A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractKlippel Trenaunay Weber syndrome (KTW) is a congenital disorder which is characterised by a triad of malformations affecting various structures. The features of the syndrome differ according to the severity and distribution of the underlying malformations. The oro‐facial manifestations of KTW are common although potentially underreported. In this case report, a generalised foreshortening of teeth is described as a disease manifestation, along with a description of the specific perioperative management that was required prior to dental extraction.
Feasibility of cathodic‐anodal left ventricular stimulation for alternative multisite pacing
Authors: Dell'Era Gabriele , De Vecchi Federica , Prenna Eleonora , Devecchi Chiara , Degiovanni Anna , Malacrida Maurizio , Magnani Andrea , Occhetta Eraldo , Marino Paolo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSimultaneous cathodic‐anodal capture by a bipole of a cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) left‐ventricular (LV) catheter may depolarize a larger LV area than conventional multipoint pacing. We evaluated the feasibility of cathodic‐anodal LV stimulation.MethodsIn 30 patients undergoing CRT with a quadripolar LV lead, we evaluated the cathodic and anodal capture threshold for each LV pole and compared QRS on electrocardiogram (ECG) during single‐point cathodic biventricular stimulation (S‐BS), multipoint BS (M‐BS), and cathodic‐anodal BS (CA‐BS).ResultsAnodal capture was obtained by three poles in 23/30 patients, by two poles in five, and was not feasible in two. The mean single‐point anodal threshold was 3.93 V versus single‐point cathodic threshold of 1.95 V. On comparing ECGs, M‐BS and CA‐BS produced similar QRS wavefront activation in 90% of patients.ConclusionsCA‐BS is feasible and may be used in LV pacing to achieve a different wavefront of electrical activation. Further prospective studies are needed in order to verify the clinical impact of this kind of stimulation.
Compound heterozygous mutations in desmoplakin associated with skin fragility, follicular hyperkeratosis, alopecia, and nail dystrophy
Authors: Bari Omar , Skillman Sarah , Lah Melissa D. , Haggstrom Anita N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDesmoplakin mutations are associated with a wide variety of phenotypes affecting the skin, nails, hair, and heart. A 21‐month‐old boy was born with multiple erosions resembling epidermolysis bullosa, complete alopecia, nail dystrophy, palmoplantar keratoderma, and areas of follicular hyperkeratosis. He was found to have two heterozygous mutations in the desmoplakin gene: c.478 C>T in exon 4 (p.Arg160X) and c.3630T>A in exon 23 (Tyr1210X). This case expands the clinical spectrum associated with desmoplakin mutations and highlights a mutation in exon 23 that has not been previously reported in the literature.
The patient rationale for seeking HIV PEP: Qualitative results from a nurse‐led program
Authors: O'Byrne Patrick , Orser Lauren , MacPherson Paul , Valela Nick 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundHIV PEP is an intervention to prevent HIV seroconversion among HIV‐negative persons after they have come into contact with the virus. The literature suggests PEP is greater than 80% effective at reducing HIV seroconversion. To expand access to this prevention strategy, we established a nurse‐led PEP program in two STI clinics.AimsWe sought to explore why people seek PEP, and their experiences using it.Materials & MethodsWe invited participants who used our PEP program to engage in semi‐structured qualitative interviews. These were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the techniques of thematic analysis.ResultsTwelve men who initiated PEP through our program participated in an interview. Thematic analysis of the data identified three themes: (1) assessing risk, (2) euphoria and distress, and (3) reducing distress.DiscussionBased on our findings, it appears as though instances of condomless sex were atypical and unplanned, they occurred due to contextual factors (e.g., consent, desire to explore, sexual chemistry/intensity), and they resulted in a state of temporary euphoria, which, afterward, transformed into distress (i.e., “feel[ing] stupid”). The participants used PEP not only for HIV prevention, but also (and perhaps more so) to address their emotional state. PEP used seemed to primarily occur to address situations of atypical sexual contact with partners they did not “know” or “trust”.ConclusionWe feel these results help contextualize how potential PEP users view HIV risk assessments, and how they determine their need for this intervention.
State Bureaucracy and the Management of Climate Change Adaptation in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Saifur , Tosun Jale 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBangladesh is widely regarded as a country that is heavily affected by the threats of climate change. In this study, we analyze the management of projects aiming to adapt to climate change in the period from 2009 to 2015. We are interested in two aspects: first, the overall bureaucratic setup of the adaptation regime, and second, the appointment of directors to the individual programs and what role foreign funding plays in making appointment decisions. With regard to the latter, it should be noted that project directors are an important arm of state bureaucracy in Bangladesh who guide the whole implementation and management of a development project, including its financial, regulatory, and informational dimensions. More specifically, we ask whether generalists or professionals are appointed as directors of the relevant projects. We argue and then show that the chances of appointing a professional as the director increase with the volume of foreign funding.