bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Parental Alcohol Dependence Symptoms and Parenting on Adolescent Risky Drinking and Conduct Problems: A Family Systems Perspective
Authors: Su Jinni , Kuo Sally I‐Chun , Aliev Fazil , Guy Mignonne C. , Derlan Chelsea L. , Edenberg Howard J. , Nurnberger John I. , Kramer John R. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Salvatore Jessica E. , Dick Danielle M. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundParental alcohol problems are associated with adverse adolescent outcomes such as risky drinking and conduct problems. Important questions remain about the unique roles of fathers’ and mothers’ alcohol problems and differences and/or similarities in pathways of risk across ethnicity and gender. In this study, we used a family systems approach to consider spillover and crossover effects of fathers’ and mothers’ alcohol problems (number of alcohol dependence symptoms [ADS]) and parenting behaviors in relation to adolescents’ risky drinking and conduct problems.MethodsThe sample included 1,282 adolescents (aged 12 to 17) and their parents from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Parents completed the Semi‐Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA), and adolescents completed an adolescent version of SSAGA. Data were analyzed using multivariate structural equation modeling.ResultsFathers’ ADS count was associated with higher adolescent risky drinking and conduct problems indirectly via disruption to fathers’ and mothers’ positive parenting behaviors, whereas mothers’ ADS count was not associated with adolescents’ risky drinking and conduct problems directly or indirectly via positive parenting behaviors. No differences in these associations were found across ethnic background and offspring gender.ConclusionsFindings highlight the importance of considering the unique roles of fathers’ and mothers’ ADS in influencing family processes and adolescent outcomes.
Changes in penile length after radical prostatectomy: effect of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Kadono Y. , Nohara T. , Kawaguchi S. , Sakamoto J. , Makino T. , Nakashima K. , Iijima M. , Shigehara K. , Izumi K. , Mizokami A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAlthough reports have shown evidence for penile length (PL) shortening after radical prostatectomy (RP), the association between neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (NADT) and PL after RP has yet to be determined. This study evaluates chronological changes in PL after NADT and RP. Stretched PLs (SPLs) of 143 patients, 41 of whom had undergone NADT, were measured before, 10 days after, and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months after RP. Chronological erectile function and testosterone levels were then evaluated. SPL was shortest 10 days after RP in both the NADT (−) and NADT (+) groups and gradually recovered in length thereafter. SPL in the NADT (−) group was significantly longer than that in the NADT (+) group before RP. However, no significant differences in SPLs were found between both groups 6 months after RP. Although all subjects in the NADT (+) group had testosterone levels of <50 ng/dL before RP, such levels increased after RP. Before RP, the NADT (−) group was found to have significantly better erectile function than the NADT (+) group. However, differences in erectile function between the NADT (−) and NADT (+) groups after RP were not significant. This report is the first to show that among patients with prostate cancer, those who underwent NADT had greater PL recovery after RP than those who did not. Data regarding PL recovery after NADT and RP obtained in this study could be useful for patients with prostate cancer who plan to undergo such procedures.
1 Archaeologies of Political Ecology – Genealogies, Problems, and Orientations
Authors: Morehart Christopher T. , Millhauser John K. , Juarez Santiago 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe theoretical and methodological toolkits developed under political ecology have become increasingly relevant in current discussions of environmental impacts, sustainability, and inequality. We developed this volume to identify the unique perspectives that archaeologists offer to the field of political ecology. The archaeology of political ecology is founded on a long and diverse history focused on issues relating to environments, the human–nature relationship, ontology, property, power, and inequality. We outline this history to demonstrate that political ecology and archaeology inform one another through shared interests and research foci. More importantly, we highlight how the two fields can and do benefit through their partnership. Ultimately this volume serves as an invitation for interdisciplinary research that aims to better elucidate the complexities and nuances of human–environmental interaction.
3 A Political Ecology of the Medieval Castle
Authors: Johnson Matthew 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTRecent work in castle studies has moved away from their military role, towards a stress on social life, aesthetics, symbolism, and “status.” While this social‐cultural turn is a marked advance, it has not always been thought through in an anthropological or theorized way; nor have social‐cultural interpretations been related to everyday practices. Consequently, “social” analyses of castles have tended to be rather disembodied, and to be limited in their accounts of power and inequality. In this paper, I sketch out what a political ecology of the castle might look like, with reference to the late medieval castle of Bodiam in south‐east England. I focus on how the castle and its surrounding landscape work to control, delimit, and define flows—flows of things, of animals, and of people, circulating in and around the castle and its context. Flows work at a series of different scales ranging from the position and practices of the human body within castle spaces, to the local and regional, to the networks of religion and power across Europe and beyond. Things, animals, and people move within and around the castle hall and kitchens, upper and lower courtyards, the ancillary buildings of demesne farm, deerpark, fishponds and estate, the local, regional, and wider landscape and environment. Material flows help define the nature and scope of social relations; the description of such flows allows a clearer idea of the castle's role in materializing inequality to be delineated and understood.
7 Were the Vikings Really Green? Environmental Degradation and Social Inequality in Iceland's Second Nature Landscape
Authors: Catlin Kathryn A. , Bolender Douglas J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIceland was settled by the Norse ca. 870 CE. Within the next few centuries, 40% of Iceland's soil cover was lost to deforestation and erosion. By the late medieval period, the social landscape had also changed from a population of nominally equal landowning households to one comprised mostly of tenant farmers subject to a small class of elite landlords. Interpretations of the changing landscape have described the Norse as unaware of the environmental consequences of their agricultural practices, or as thoughtfully responsive to degrading conditions. Using estimates of the available biomass in different regions and measurements of changing soil depth in lowland Langholt, Skagafjörður, we suggest that what appears to modern researchers as catastrophic environmental devastation was in part an agricultural benefit, at least to some people. While some farmers did well, others were forced to leave failing land and enter service or tenancy. At the same time, agricultural strategies focused on transhumant pastoralism and production of grass fodder created distinct changes to the landscape that reinforced the emerging social hierarchy until it came to seem natural and inevitable. We imagine the earliest Icelanders not as violent raiders of the landscape, nor as sensitive custodians of a changing environment, but as intelligent farmers and politicians who mobilized the transformed landscape into a political economy that would keep their farms productive and their descendants in power for a millennium.
10 Why the Archaeology of Political Ecology Matters
Authors: Ashmore Wendy 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTArchaeology and anthropology generally share with geography an interest in the relationship of humans to their environments. This relationship involves material exchanges but also draws from social relations as well as political, symbolic, and religious practices. Thus, while climate and natural resources shape human biology and culture over time, human culture and politics have reciprocal impacts on the environment, cross‐culturally and across time. This has become the realm of political ecology. Well‐known cases of such impact in historical and modern contexts highlight contrasts between views of Thomas Malthus and Esther Boserup on connections between population size and food supplies, or between the spread of infectious diseases and socioeconomic standing. More succinctly, Paul Robbins (2012, 14) asserts: “political ecology represents an explicit alternative to ‘apolitical’ ecology.” Contributors to this volume raise thought provoking issues in political ecology from an archeological perspective, simultaneously reporting concrete findings and inspiring new lines of research in richly varied cultural and environmental contexts. This chapter discusses insights and challenges in the collective contributions, presented via three themes: (1) inequality in access to landscape resources; (2) multiplicity of time frames, from events to long‐term; and (3) the potential characteristics of “nature” in political ecological dynamics. The chapter closes with summary thoughts on why the archaeology of political ecology matters.
2 Assessing the Politics of Neo‐Assyrian Agriculture
Authors: Rosenzweig Melissa S. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIn this paper, political ecology informs a study of agriculture under the Neo‐Assyrian empire. Rather than examining cultivation solely as an economy of subsistence practices, this work considers agrarian laborers, activities, and resources as participants in wider political processes of empire‐building. Both material and discursive manipulations of agriculture are discussed in order to demonstrate the ways in which rulers of Neo‐Assyria instituted agricultural colonization in Upper Mesopotamia for political gain. An archaeobotanical case study from the provincial capital of Tušhan is then presented to provide a closer look at the impact of these agro‐politics on the people and lands in the provinces of the empire. Plant use studies from Tušhan capture the flow of power through agricultural practice, emphasize the Neo‐Assyrian monarchy's rhetorical use of agriculture in strategies of imperialism, and, significantly, reveal the shortcomings of the empire's agrarian program.
Emerging relevance of circadian rhythms in headaches and neuropathic pain
Authors: Burish Mark J. , Chen Zheng , Yoo Seung‐Hee 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCircadian rhythms of physiology are the keys to health and fitness, as dysregulation, by genetic mutations or environmental factors, increases disease risk and aggravates progression. Molecular and physiological studies have shed important light on an intrinsic clock that drives circadian rhythms and serves essential roles in metabolic homoeostasis, organ physiology and brain functions. One exciting new area in circadian research is pain, including headache and neuropathic pain for which new mechanistic insights have recently emerged. For example, cluster headache is an intermittent pain disorder with an exceedingly precise circadian timing, and preliminary evidence is emerging linking several circadian components (eg, Clock and Nr1d1) with the disease. In this review, we first discuss the broad metabolic and physiological relevance of the circadian timing system. We then provide a detailed review of the circadian relevance in pain disease and physiology, including cluster headache, migraine, hypnic headache and neuropathic pain. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic implications, including existing pain medicines and novel clock‐modulating compounds. The physiological basis for the circadian rhythms in pain is an exciting new area of research with profound basic and translational impact.
Effect of different penetrating and non‐penetrating cryoprotectants and media temperature on the cryosurvival of vitrified in vitro produced porcine blastocysts
Authors: Bartolac Louise Katherine , Lowe Jenna Louise , Koustas George , Grupen Christopher Gerald , Sjöblom Cecilia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the most efficient vitrification protocol for the cryopreservation of day 7 in vitro produced (IVP) porcine blastocysts. The post‐warm survival rate of blastocysts vitrified in control (17% dimethyl sulfoxide + 17% ethylene glycol [EG] + 0.4 mol/L sucrose) and commercial media did not differ, nor did the post‐warm survival rate of blastocysts vitrified in medium containing 1,2‐propandiol in place of EG. However, vitrifying embryos in EG alone decreased the cryosurvival rate (55.6% and 33.6%, respectively, p < .05). Furthermore, the post‐warm survival rates of blastocysts vitrified with either trehalose or sucrose as the non‐penetrating cryoprotectant did not differ. There was also no significant difference in post‐warm survival of blastocysts vitrified in control (38°C) media and room temperature (22°C) media with extended equilibration times, although when blastocysts were vitrified using control media at room temperature, the post‐warm survival rate increased (56.8%, 57.3%, 72.5%, respectively, p < .05). The findings show that most cryoprotectant combinations examined proved equally effective at supporting the post‐warm survival of IVP porcine blastocysts. The improved post‐warm survival rate of blastocysts vitrified using media held at room temperature suggests that the cryoprotectant toxicity exerted in 22°C media was reduced.
Mycophenolic acid concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are associated with the incidence of rejection in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Md Dom Zaipul I. , Coller Janet K. , Carroll Robert P. , Tuke Jonathan , McWhinney Brett C. , Somogyi Andrew A. , Sallustio Benedetta C. 
Published: July 2018

AimsAlthough therapeutic drug monitoring of plasma mycophenolic acid (MPA) concentrations has been recommended to individualize dosage in transplant recipients, little is known regarding lymphocyte concentrations of MPA, where MPA inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). This study investigated the utility of measuring predose MPA concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (C0C) and predose IMPDH activity, as predictors of graft rejection in renal transplant recipients.MethodsForty‐eight patients commencing mycophenolate mofetil (1 g twice daily) in combination with tacrolimus and prednisolone were recruited. Blood was collected for determination of trough total (C0P) and unbound (C0u) plasma MPA concentrations. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated for determination of C0C and IMPDH activity. The incidence of rejection within 2 days of sample collection was determined histologically and classified according to the Banff 2007 criteria.ResultsThere was no association between MPA C0C and C0P (rs = 0.28, P = 0.06), however, MPA C0C were weakly correlated with MPA C0u (rs = 0.42, P = 0.013). Multivariate analysis indicated that MPA C0C was the only covariate independently associated with rejection (FDR‐adjusted P = 0.033). The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction of severe rejection using MPA C0C was 0.75 (P = 0.013), with 73% sensitivity and specificity at a C0C threshold of 0.5 ng 10–7 cells. However, predose IMPDH activity was not a predictor of rejection (P > 0.15).ConclusionsMPA C0C measurement within the early post‐transplant period may be useful to facilitate early titration of MPA dosing to significantly reduce rejection.
Dorsolateral fibromuscular tissue preservation during artificial urinary sphincter cuff placement is associated with low infection and erosion rates
Authors: Cheung Felix , Fathollahi Ali , Vertosick Emily , Jarvis Thomas R. , Katz Darren , Sandhu Jaspreet S. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo present a modified technique in artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) placement that is associated with low rates of erosion and infection in a high‐risk population.Patients and MethodsAfter Institutional Review Board approval, we identified patients who underwent primary AUS placement using the modified technique between January 2007 and November 2015. Our modification consists of preserving the dorsolateral fibromuscular tissue surrounding the bulbar urethra and horizontally transecting the ventral bulbospongiosus muscle during urethral cuff placement. Preoperative variables such as radiotherapy (RT) and bladder neck contractures were recorded. Effectiveness and complications including infections, erosions, and re‐operations were recorded at follow‐up.ResultsThe new technique was used on 208 patients: 40% had a history of RT, including 15% who had had a salvage radical prostatectomy; 26% had had previous bladder neck contractures. No patients developed infection. Overall, erosion occurred in six (2.9%) patients and spontaneous erosions occurred in two (0.9%) during the study period. In all, 21 patients underwent re‐operation for device failure. The probability of re‐operation for ‘any’ reason was 7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4–12%) at 1 year. The 1‐year social continence rate was 74% (95% CI 67–81%).ConclusionPreservation of dorsolateral fibromuscular tissue during AUS placement is an effective means to achieve a low risk of erosions. Our modified technique is safe with low infection and erosion rates, whilst maintaining good functional outcomes despite a high‐risk population.
Mitochondrial function in the heart: the insight into mechanisms and therapeutic potentials
Authors: Nguyen Binh Yen , Ruiz‐Velasco Andrea , Bui Thuy , Collins Lucy , Wang Xin , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2018

Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as a crucial contributory factor in cardiac pathology. This has highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondria to prevent or treat cardiac disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with aberrant electron transport chain activity, reduced ATP production, an abnormal shift in metabolic substrates, ROS overproduction and impaired mitochondrial dynamics. This review will cover the mitochondrial functions and how they are altered in various disease conditions. Furthermore, the mechanisms that lead to mitochondrial defects and the protective mechanisms that prevent mitochondrial damage will be discussed. Finally, potential mitochondrial targets for novel therapeutic intervention will be explored. We will highlight the development of small molecules that target mitochondria from different perspectives and their current progress in clinical trials.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc
Metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of the effect of pioglitazone on hepatic steatosis in a rat model of obese Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yang Hyekyung , Suh Dong Ho , Kim Dae Hee , Jung Eun Sung , Liu Kwang‐Hyeon , Lee Choong Hwan , Park Cheol‐Young 
Published: July 2018

Background and PurposeThiazolidinediones, acting as PPAR‐γ ligands, reduce hepatic steatosis in humans and animals. However, the underlying mechanism of this action remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in hepatic metabolites and lipids in response to treatment with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone in an animal model of obese Type 2 diabetes.Experimental ApproachMale Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were orally administered either vehicle (control) or pioglitazone (30 mg·kg−1) and fed a high‐fat diet (60% kcal fat) for 12 weeks. Hepatic metabolites were analysed via metabolomic and lipidomic analyses. Gene expression and PLA2 activity were analysed in livers from pioglitazone‐treated and control rats.Key ResultsOLETF rats that received pioglitazone showed decreased fat accumulation and improvement of lipid profiles in the liver compared to control rats. Pioglitazone treatment significantly altered levels of hepatic metabolites, including free fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylcholines, in the liver. In addition, pioglitazone significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in hepatic de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake and transport, whereas genes related to fatty acid oxidation were up‐regulated. Gene expression and enzyme activity of PLA2, which hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholines to release lysophosphatidylcholines and free fatty acids, were significantly decreased in the livers of pioglitazone‐treated rats compared to control rats.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results present evidence for the ameliorative effect of pioglitazone on hepatic steatosis, largely due to the regulation of lipid metabolism, including fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines and related gene‐expression patterns.
Hypertension: a new treatment for an old disease? Targeting the immune system
Authors: Bomfim Gisele Facholi , Cau Stefany Bruno Assis , Bruno Alexandre Santos , Fedoce Aline Garcia , Carneiro Fernando S 
Published: July 2018

Arterial hypertension represents a serious public health problem, being a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The availability of many antihypertensive therapeutic strategies still fails to adequately treat around 20% of hypertensive patients, who are considered resistant to conventional treatment. In the pathogenesis of hypertension, immune system mechanisms are activated and both the innate and adaptive immune responses play a crucial role. However, what, when and how the immune system is triggered during hypertension development is still largely undefined. In this context, this review highlights scientific advances in the manipulation of the immune system in order to attenuate hypertension and end‐organ damage. Here, we discuss the potential use of immunosuppressants and immunomodulators as pharmacological tools to control the activation of the immune system, by non‐specific and specific mechanisms, to treat hypertension and improve end‐organ damage. Nevertheless, more clinical trials should be performed with these drugs to establish their therapeutic efficacy, safety and risk–benefit ratio in hypertensive conditions.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc