bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of the Ditopic Nature of Magnetically Recyclable NiFe2O4 Nano‐Catalyst for the Green Synthesis of Two Different Spiro[indoline‐pyrrolizine] Scaffolds
Authors: Basu Soumyadip , Kayal Utpal , Maity Suvendu , Ghosh Prasanta , Bhaumik Asim , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEnvironmentally benign and highly stable magnetic nano powder of NiFe2O4 was synthesized and characterized by XRD, HRTEM, EDX and Nitrogen BET adsorption isotherm analysis. Also, XPS analysis confirmed the electronic environment as well as the oxidation state of the elements. The NiFe2O4 catalyst was exploited in one‐pot three‐component synthesis of spiro[indoline‐3,3′‐pyrrolizine] and spiro[indoline‐3,5′‐pyrrolo[1,2‐c]thiazole] scaffolds, because of its ditopic nature which can provide both acidic (Fe3+) and basic (O2−) properties, require for the reactions. The desirability of this methodology resides in its simplicity, environmental friendliness, cost effectiveness and easier scaling up for bulk synthesis. Water was utilised as a medium for synthesis of the catalyst as well as the medium of the reaction leading to the product. The synthesized NiFe2O4 nanocatalyst can be recycled upto six times without any significant loss of activity.
Synthesis and Characterization of 1‐(Carboxymethyl)Pyridinium Bromide [CMPy]Br Molten Salt: Application as a Novel Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Bis‐Naphthodipyrans
Authors: Rajabi‐salek Mostafa , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Zarei Mahmoud , Noroozizadeh Ehsan , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Rudbari Hadi Amiri 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHerein, a convenient method for the synthesis of bis‐naphthodipyrans from the condensation of naphthalene‐2,3‐diol, malononitrile and various aromatic aldehydes using acetic acid functionalized pyridinium salt 1‐(carboxymethyl)pyridinium bromide [CMPy]Br as a novel, efficient, reusable and nanocatalyst is described. The synthesized catalyst was fully characterized by using various techniques such as single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), mass spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Differential thermal analysis (TG/DTG). The major advantages of the convenient method are high yields, short reaction time, and reusability of the catalyst.
Squaramide‐Based 5’‐Phosphate Replacements Bind to the DNA Repair Exonuclease SNM1A
Authors: Dürr Eva‐Maria , Doherty William , Lee Sook Y. , El‐Sagheer Afaf H. , Shivalingam Arun , McHugh Peter J. , Brown Tom , McGouran Joanna F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhosphate groups are often crucial to biological activity and interactions of oligonucleotides, but confer poor membrane permeability. In addition, the group's lability to enzymatic hydrolysis is an obstacle to its use in therapeutics and in biological tools. We present the synthesis of N‐oxyamide and squaramide modifications at the 5’‐end of oligonucleotides as phosphate replacements and their biological evaluation using the 5’‐exonuclease SNM1A. The squaryl diamide modification showed minimal recognition as a 5’‐phosphate mimic; however, modest inhibition of SNM1A, postulated to occur through metal coordination at the active site, was observed. Their facile incorporation after solid‐phase synthesis and recognition by the exonuclease makes squaryl diamides attractive neutral 5’‐phosphate replacements for oligonucleotides. This work is the first example of squaryl diamide modifications at the 5’‐terminal position of oligonucleotides and of the potential use of modified oligonucleotides to bind to the metal center of SNM1A.
Rapid Self‐healing Film From Novel Photo Polymerization Additive.
Authors: Oh Jeong Seop , Choi Kyoung Hwan , Suh Dong Hack 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSelf‐healing materials have ability to repair damage by themselves. Their properties have been developed to increase the reliability of materials. Generally, self‐healing polymers have been developed by thermal polymerization. Especially, hydrogel materials showed relatively rapid recovery and goodhealing efficiency. However, it is very difficult to restore their properties without the self‐healing mediator such as water. Herein, we report the novel type of self‐healing polymer using photo‐polymerization. This is achieved through an unprecedented concept of an additive of photopolymerization, named as ‘healer’ which can act as a physical crosslinker between main chains and a self‐healing mediator in hydrogel materials. This transparent, easily fabricated self‐healing polymer healed scratch in 40 seconds as well as restored the mechanical properties to 82%.
Misaligned values in software engineering organizations
Authors: Lenberg Per , Feldt Robert , Wallgren Tengberg Lars Göran 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe values of software organizations are crucial for achieving high performance; in particular, agile development approaches emphasize their importance. Researchers have thus far often assumed that a specific set of values, compatible with the development methodologies, must be adopted homogeneously throughout the company. It is not clear, however, to what extent such assumptions are accurate. Preliminary findings have highlighted the misalignment of values between groups as a source of problems when engineers discuss their challenges. Therefore, in this study, we examine how discrepancies in values between groups affect software companies' performance. To meet our objectives, we chose a mixed method research design. First, we collected qualitative data by interviewing fourteen (N  =  14) employees working in four different organizations and processed it using thematic analysis. We then surveyed seven organizations (N  =  184). Our analysis indicated that value misalignment between groups is related to organizational performance. The aligned companies were more effective, more satisfied, had higher trust, and fewer conflicts. Our efforts provide encouraging findings in a critical software engineering research area. They can help to explain why some companies are more efficient than others and, thus, point the way to interventions to address organizational challenges.
Loss and damage: A review of the literature and directions for future research
Authors: McNamara Karen E. , Jackson Guy 
Published: December 2018

Climate change researchers argue that a residual domain exists beyond the limits of adaptation to prevent deleterious climate change impacts: this has been labeled as “loss and damage.” Over the last 8 years, there has been significant growth in loss and damage scholarship thus making it imperative to take stock of what we know already and directions for future research. We undertook a quantitative review of academic publications (n = 122) in the loss and damage field to date and documented study characteristics, thematic areas, trends, gaps, and opportunities. The first publication appeared in 2010 before a significant increase in published research after 2013. Although increasingly diverse over time, loss and damage studies have primarily focused on technical, political, and normative questions. Our analysis suggests the following: that researchers predominately conceptualize loss and damage as “limits to adaptation”; that the literature is more practical (i.e., descriptive, does not challenge underlying presuppositions) than critical (i.e., challenges underlying presuppositions) in orientation; that loss and damage is conceived as both an occurring and future condition; and that economic dimensions of loss and damage are prioritized in studies. Recommended future research directions include empirical and theoretical explorations of the potential for transformational change; understanding what people value and how they can engage with loss and grief; ensuring the perspectives of the most vulnerable groups are included in decision‐making; and greater policy‐relevant research and critical analyses of loss and damage conceptualizations and the Warsaw International Mechanism.This article is categorized under:

Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Comparative Environmental Values
Cheese yeasts
Authors: Fröhlich‐Wyder Marie‐Therese , Arias‐Roth Emmanuelle , Jakob Ernst 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNumerous traditionally aged cheeses are surface ripened and develop a biofilm, known as the cheese rind, on their surfaces. The rind of such cheeses comprises a complex community of bacterial and fungal species that are jointly responsible for the typical characteristics of the various cheese varieties. Surface ripening starts directly after brining with the rapid colonization of the cheese surface by yeasts. The initially dominant yeasts are acid and salt‐tolerant and are capable of metabolizing the lactate produced by the starter lactic acid bacteria and of producing NH3 from amino acids. Both processes cause the pH of the cheese surface to rise dramatically. This so‐called deacidification process enables the establishment of a salt‐tolerant, Gram‐positive bacterial community that is less acid‐tolerant. Over the past decade, knowledge of yeast diversity in cheeses has increased considerably. The yeast species with the highest prevalence on surface‐ripened cheeses are Debaryomyces hansenii and Geotrichum candidum, but up to 30 species can be found. In the cheese core, only lactose‐fermenting yeasts, such as Kluyveromyces marxianus, are expected to grow. Yeasts are recognized as having an indispensable impact on the development of cheese flavour and texture because of their deacidifying, proteolytic, and/or lipolytic activity. Yeasts are used not only in the production of surface‐ripened cheeses but also as adjunct cultures in the vat milk in order to modify ripening behaviour and flavour of the cheese. However, yeasts may also be responsible for spoilage of cheese, causing early blowing, off‐flavour, brown discolouration, and other visible alterations of cheese.
Multi-objective Bayesian optimization of super hydrophobic coatings on asphalt concrete surfaces
Authors: Nahvi Ali , Sadoughi Mohammad Kazem , Arabzadeh Ali , Sassani Alireza , Hu Chao , Ceylan Halil , Kim Sunghwan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Conventional snow removal strategies add direct and indirect expenses to the economy through profit lost due to passenger delays costs, pavement durability issues, contaminating the water runoff, and so on. The use of superhydrophobic (super-water-repellent) coating methods is an alternative to conventional snow and ice removal practices for alleviating snow removal operations issues. As an integrated experimental and analytical study, this work focused on optimizing superhydrophobicity and skid resistance of hydrophobic coatings on asphalt concrete surfaces. A layer-by-layer (LBL) method was utilized for spray depositing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on an asphalt concrete at different spray times and variable dosages of PTFE. Water contact angle and coefficient of friction at the microtexture level were measured to evaluate superhydrophobicity and skid resistance of the coated asphalt concrete. The optimum dosage and spay time that maximized hydrophobicity and skid resistance of flexible pavement while minimizing cost were estimated using a multi-objective Bayesian optimization (BO) method that replaced the more costly experimental procedure of pavement testing with a cheap-to-evaluate surrogate model constructed based on kriging. In this method, the surrogate model is iteratively updated with new experimental data measured at proper input settings. The result of proposed optimization method showed that the super water repellency and coefficient of friction were not uniformly increased for all the specimens by increasing spray time and dosage. In addition, use of the proposed multi-objective BO method resulted in hydrophobicity and skid resistance being maximally augmented by approximately 23% PTFE dosage at a spray time of 5.5 s.
Highlights Effects of spray time and dosage on the hydrophobicity and friction of asphalt were investigated. A layer-by-layer method was utilized for spray depositing polytetrafluoroethylene on an asphalt concrete. The optimum dosage and spay time were estimated by using a multi-objective Bayesian optimization method. An acquisition function that can tackle problems involving multiple objective functions was proposed. The optimum hydrophobicity and skid resistance were achieved with 23% PTFE dosage and at a spray time of 5.5 s.
WHAT IS JUSTIFIED CREDENCE?
Authors: Pettigrew Richard 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we seek a reliabilist account of justified credence. Reliabilism about justified beliefs comes in two varieties: process reliabilism (Goldman 1979, 2008) and indicator reliabilism (Alston 1988, 2005). Existing accounts of reliabilism about justified credence come in the same two varieties: Jeff Dunn (2015) proposes a version of process reliabilism, while Weng Hong Tang (2016) offers a version of indicator reliabilism. As we will see, both face the same objection. If they are right about what justification is, it is mysterious why we care about justification, for neither of the accounts explains how justification is connected to anything of epistemic value. We will call this the Connection Problem. I begin by describing Dunn's process reliabilism and Tang's indicator reliabilism. I argue that, understood correctly, they are, in fact, extensionally equivalent. That is, Dunn and Tang reach the top of the same mountain, albeit by different routes. However, I argue that both face the Connection Problem. In response, I offer my own version of reliabilism, which is both process and indicator, and I argue that it solves that problem. Furthermore, I show that it is also extensionally equivalent to Dunn's reliabilism and Tang's. Thus, I reach the top of the same mountain as well.
Comparison of hospital surgical site infection rates and rankings using claims versus National Healthcare Safety Network surveillance data
Authors: Rhee Chanu , Wang Rui , Jentzsch Maximilian S. , Broadwell Carly , Hsu Heather , Jin Robert , Horan Kelly , Lee Grace M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNational policies target healthcare-associated infections using medical claims and National Healthcare Safety Network surveillance data. We found low concordance between the 2 data sources in rates and rankings for surgical site infection following colon surgery in 155 hospitals, underscoring the limitations in evaluating hospital quality by claims data.
Launching Revolution: Social Media and the Egyptian Uprising’s First Movers
Authors: Clarke Killian , Kocak Korhan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDrawing on evidence from the 2011 Egyptian uprising, this article demonstrates how the use of two social media platforms – Facebook and Twitter – contributed to a discrete mobilizational outcome: the staging of a successful first protest in a revolutionary cascade, referred to here as ‘first-mover mobilization’. Specifically, it argues that these two platforms facilitated the staging of a large, nationwide and seemingly leaderless protest on 25 January 2011, which signaled to hesitant but sympathetic Egyptians that a revolution might be in the making. It draws on qualitative and quantitative evidence, including interviews, social media data and surveys, to analyze three mechanisms that linked these platforms to the success of the January 25 protest: (1) protester recruitment, (2) protest planning and coordination, and (3) live updating about protest logistics. The article not only contributes to debates about the role of the Internet in the Arab Spring and other recent waves of mobilization, but also demonstrates how scholarship on the Internet in politics might move toward making more discrete, empirically grounded causal claims.
INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN, SOCIAL NORMS, AND THE FEASIBILITY ISSUE
Authors: Aligica Paul Dragos 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:The “new institutionalist revolution” in social sciences has led to a repositioning of social norms to the forefront of the pre-analytic vision in institutional theory and to the consolidation of the contextual analysis approach. That has significant epistemological, methodological, and political philosophy implications. This essay follows the logic of these developments showing: (a) why they inherently lead to the feasibility problem, the key of applied theory, toward which both contemporary philosophy and institutional analysis converge from different venues; (b) how feasibility is a nexus of empirical, counterfactual, normative, and contextual elements, that is, something more complex than a mere matching between empirical reality and institutional design; (c) what are the governance implications of all of the above, with an emphasis on an alternative approach (distinctive enough to circumvent both the conservative averseness to intervene and progressive drastic interventionism) and in which the public choice process is seen mainly as endogenized, socialized, and institutionalized, as opposed to formalized, intellectualized, and externalized.
EVALUATING BAD NORMS
Authors: Thrasher John 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:Some norms are bad. Norms of revenge, female genital mutilation, honor killings, and other norms strike us as destructive, cruel, and wasteful. The puzzle is why so many people see these norms as authoritative and why these norms often resist change. To answer these questions, we need to look at what “bad” norms are and how we can evaluate them. Here I develop an integrative analysis of norms that aims to avoid parochialism in norm evaluation. After examining and rejecting several evaluative standards, I propose what I call a comparative-functional analysis of norms that is both operationalizable/testable and nonparochial, and that can sort better and worse norms. One conclusion of this approach is that norms are not so much “bad” and “good” as “better” and “worse.” This approach should be of interest to theorists and practitioners alike.
Q-Table compression for reinforcement learning
Authors: Amado Leonardo , Meneguzzi Felipe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractReinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are often used to compute agents capable of acting in environments without prior knowledge of the environment dynamics. However, these algorithms struggle to converge in environments with large branching factors and their large resulting state-spaces. In this work, we develop an approach to compress the number of entries in a Q-value table using a deep auto-encoder. We develop a set of techniques to mitigate the large branching factor problem. We present the application of such techniques in the scenario of a real-time strategy (RTS) game, where both state space and branching factor are a problem. We empirically evaluate an implementation of the technique to control agents in an RTS game scenario where classical RL fails and provide a number of possible avenues of further work on this problem.
Transthoracic access for pulmonary artery stenting
Authors: Krasemann Thomas , van Beynum Ingrid , van de Woestijne Pieter , Bogers Ad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPulmonary artery stenting may not be possible transcutaneously because of anatomic features. Although intraoperative stenting has been well described, we present a case in which stenting of the left pulmonary artery was performed transthoracically in a separate procedure. Unusual anatomic conditions may require a multi-disciplinary hybrid approach to achieve the desired results.
Executive Functioning in the Dystrophinopathies and the Relation to Underlying Mutation Position
Authors: Fee Robert J. , Montes Jacqueline , Hinton Veronica J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate executive skills in children with dystrophinopathy and to examine the association between executive functions and dystrophin gene mutation position. Methods: Fifty boys with dystrophinopathy (mean age, 11 years 0 months; ages range, 5 to 17 years) completed measures of intellectual functioning (IF), working memory and executive functioning [including Digit Span (working memory) and measures from the NIH Toolbox (selective attention/inhibitory control, set shifting, working memory, and processing speed)]. Parents completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Mutation positions were categorized into three groups (upstream exon 30, 31–62, and downstream exon 63). Paired-samples t tests compared performance on executive measures to IF, and a one-way (three-group) multivariate analysis of covariance compared cognitive performance with mutation location controlling for motor functioning. Results: Mean performance on all executive measures was significantly lower than IF. Parents were also more likely to rate their child with dystrophinopathy as having clinically significant executive difficulties on the Shift, Emotional Control, and Behavior Regulation indices of the BRIEF. Mutation analyses resulted in small groups limiting power to detect subtle differences. Those with a downstream mutation position had significantly poorer performance on IF and Total Digit Span, but not on other measures of executive function including behavior. Conclusions: Individuals with dystrophinopathy have executive skill deficits, but they are not generally associated with more distal mutations. (JINS, 2019, 25, 146–155)
Trends of mortality attributable to child and maternal undernutrition, overweight/obesity and dietary risk factors of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Authors: Melaku Yohannes Adama , Gill Tiffany K , Taylor Anne W , Appleton Sarah L , Gonzalez-Chica David , Adams Robert , Achoki Tom , Shi Zumin , Renzaho Andre 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess trends of mortality attributable to child and maternal undernutrition (CMU), overweight/obesity and dietary risks of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2015.DesignFor each risk factor, a systematic review of data was used to compute the exposure level and the effect size. A Bayesian hierarchical meta-regression analysis was used to estimate the exposure level of the risk factors by age, sex, geography and year. The burden of all-cause mortality attributable to CMU, fourteen dietary risk factors (eight diets, five nutrients and fibre intake) and overweight/obesity was estimated.SettingSub-Saharan Africa.ParticipantsAll age groups and both sexes.ResultsIn 2015, CMU, overweight/obesity and dietary risks of NCD accounted for 826204 (95 % uncertainty interval (UI) 737346, 923789), 266768 (95 % UI 189051, 353096) and 558578 (95 % UI 453433, 680197) deaths, respectively, representing 10·3 % (95 % UI 9·1, 11·6 %), 3·3 % (95 % UI 2·4, 4·4 %) and 7·0 % (95 % UI 5·8, 8·3 %) of all-cause mortality. While the age-standardized proportion of all-cause mortality accounted for by CMU decreased by 55·2 % between 1990 and 2015 in SSA, it increased by 63·3 and 17·2 % for overweight/obesity and dietary risks of NCD, respectively.ConclusionsThe increasing burden of diet- and obesity-related diseases and the reduction of mortality attributable to CMU indicate that SSA is undergoing a rapid nutritional transition. To tackle the impact in SSA, interventions and international development agendas should also target dietary risks associated with NCD and overweight/obesity.