bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection After Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A High Risk of Subsequent Complications
Authors: Hernandez Nicholas M. , Petis Stephen M. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Sierra Rafael J. , Abdel Matthew P. , Pagnano Mark W. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty restores function and improves pain in appropriately selected patients. Scant evidence exists regarding the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).

Questions/purposes
(1) What was the overall survivorship free from reinfection? (2) What is the survivorship free of all-cause revision? (3) What are the Knee Society scores (KSS) and complications after surgical treatment of UKA PJI?

Methods
This retrospective study with data drawn from a longitudinally maintained institutional registry identified 15 UKA PJIs between 1992 and 2014. The median age at PJI diagnosis was 58 years (range, 41-82 years), nine of 15 were men, and the median body mass index was 29 kg/m2 (range, 23-36 kg/m2). Ten patients (10 of 15) satisfied major Musculoskeletal Infection Society diagnostic criteria. There were five patients (five of 15) with early postoperative infections, five (five of 15) with acute hematogenous infections, and five (five of 15) with chronic PJIs. Two-stage exchange was performed in four patients with PJIs (four of 15), and débridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) was performed in 11 patients (11 of 15) with PJIs. We performed Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis for reinfection and revision procedures. Thirteen patients had a minimum of 2 years’ followup and were included in the clinical analysis. Median followup was 4 years (range, 2-6 years). We calculated KSS.

Results
Infection-free survivorship was 71% at 5 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 46%–96%). Treatment success was higher for patients undergoing two-stage exchange (100% at 5 years; 95% CI, 100%–100%) versus DAIR (61% at 5 years; 95% CI, 31%–92%). Four of 11 patients undergoing DAIR had developed a reinfection at final followup. Survivorship free of any revision was 49% at 5 years (95% CI, 19%–79%). One patient from the two-stage exchange cohort underwent femoral component revision for aseptic loosening 5 years after PJI treatment, and two patients from the DAIR group were converted to TKA for disease progression at a mean of 4 years. In patients with a minimum of 2 years’ followup, median KSS improved from 73 (range, 50-93) before index UKA to 94 (range, 55-100; p = 0.016).

Conclusions
Treatment of UKA PJI with DAIR was associated with a lower infection-free survivorship at 5 years compared with two-stage exchange with conversion to TKA. Among those patients who were infection-free, a number needed reoperations for disease progression (in the DAIR group) or component loosening (in both groups). UKA PJI results in substantial morbidity, and patients with these infections should be followed closely for aseptic causes of failure in addition to infection recurrence.

Level of Evidence
Level IV, therapeutic study.
Reasons for Prescription Opioid Use While Playing in the National Football League as Risk Factors for Current Use and Misuse Among Former Players
Authors: Dunne Eugene M. , Striley Catherine W. , Mannes Zachary L. , Asken Breton M. , Ennis Nicole , Cottler Linda B. 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
Prescription opioid misuse has become a significant public health issue. Previous research has examined predictors of prescription opioid use and misuse among former National Football League (NFL) players. The present study aimed to describe how reasons for prescription opioid use while in the NFL corresponds to use and misuse in retirement.

Design:
Former NFL players reporting prescription opioid use during their playing careers (N = 336) were included in this secondary data analysis. Participants reported reasons for prescription opioid use, including pain management, use “to function,” to improve mood, to reduce stress, and to aid sleep.

Results:
Among retired NFL players with exposure to prescribed pain medication during their playing career, 26.2% reported recent use of prescription opioids (past 30 days) and 73.8% reported no use. Specifically, 14.3% of retired players reported opioid use only as prescribed, whereas 11.9% reported misuse (not prescribed or use other than as prescribed). Using prescription opioids to function while in the NFL was associated with any opioid use in the past 30 days [odds ratios (OR) = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12-1.50, P < 0.001]. Further, opioid use in the NFL to reduce stress and anxiety was associated with increased odds of past 30-day misuse of prescription opioids (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.01-2.11; P = 0.048).

Conclusions:
The present study adds to the literature on elite athletes at high risk for pain and prescription opioid use and misuse. The findings may help to identify and provide early intervention for professional athletes most at risk for misuse of prescription opioids.
Which Readmissions May Be Preventable? Lessons Learned From a Posthospitalization Care Transitions Program for High-risk Elders
Authors: McCoy Rozalina G. , Peterson Stephanie M. , Borkenhagen Lynn S. , Takahashi Paul Y. , Thorsteinsdottir Bjorg , Chandra Anupam , Naessens James M. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Care transitions programs have been shown to reduce hospital readmissions.

Objectives:
The main objective of this study was to evaluate effects of the Mayo Clinic Care Transitions (MCCTs) Program on potentially preventable and nonpreventable 30-day unplanned readmissions among high-risk elders.

Research Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients enrolled in MCCT following hospitalization and propensity score-matched controls receiving usual primary care.

Subjects:
The subjects were primary care patients, who were 60 years or older, at high-risk for readmission, and hospitalized for any cause between January 1, 2011 and June 30, 2013.

Measures:
Hospital readmission within 30 days. The 3M algorithm was used to identify potentially preventable readmissions. Readmissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions, a subset of preventable readmissions identified by the 3M algorithm, were also assessed.

Results:
The study cohort included 365 pairs of MCCT enrollees and propensity score-matched controls. Patients were similar in age (mean 83 y) and other baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, including reason for index hospitalization. MCCT enrollees had a significantly lower all-cause readmission rate [12.4% (95% confidence interval: CI, 8.9–15.7) vs. 20.1% (15.8–24.1); P=0.004] resulting from a decrease in potentially preventable readmissions [8.4% (95% CI, 5.5–11.3) vs. 14.3% (95% CI, 10.5–17.9); P=0.01]. Few potentially preventable readmissions were for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (6.7% vs. 12.0%). The rates of nonpotentially preventable readmissions were similar [4.3% (95% CI, 2.2–6.5) vs. 6.7% (95% CI, 4.0–9.4); P=0.16]. Potentially preventable readmissions were reduced by 44% (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36–0.88; P=0.01) with no change in other readmissions.

Conclusions:
The MCCT significantly reduces preventable readmissions, suggesting that access to multidisciplinary care can reduce readmissions and improve outcomes for high-risk elders.
The Effectiveness of the Sport “Dragon Boat Racing” in Reducing the Risk of Lymphedema Incidence
Authors: Iacorossi Laura , Gambalunga Francesca , Molinaro Simona , De Domenico Rosaria , Giannarelli Diana , Fabi Alessandra 
Published: June 2018

Background
Upper extremity lymphedema is a complication that often occurs in women with breast cancer as a result of surgery and/or radiotherapy. Some studies report that a boating activity known as the “dragon boat” sport can benefit these women.

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess whether this type of sport prevents or reduces lymphedema, its impact on quality of life (QoL), and the possible predictors of this condition.

Methods
This was an observational study of 2 groups: group A (women who participated in dragon boat racing for at least 6 months) and group B (women who participated in other forms of physical exercise biweekly). Data were collected at the National Cancer Institute of Rome and the lake of Castel Gandolfo from June to October 2016. The instruments used were a questionnaire created for sociodemographic and clinical data, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Questionnaire for evaluating QoL, and a tape measure applied to estimate the local lymphedema.

Results
One hundred women participated in the study. Lymphedema incidence in group A was 4.0% (2 of 50), whereas in group B it was 26.0% (13 of 50). Women who participated in dragon boat racing also reported a healthier lifestyle, lower body mass index, and a better QoL (set point: 61.8 group B vs 80.0 group A).

Conclusions
The dragon boat sport participants had more positive clinical and QoL outcomes than did the women who did not participate in that sporting activity.

Implications for Clinical Practice
It would be important to make women with breast cancer aware of the practice of dragon boat racing.
Presurgery and Postsurgery Quality of Life and Associated Factors in Patients With Malignant Neoplasms of the Head and Neck
Authors: Hu Zhiping , Zhou Xiaoling , Duan Weiwei , Lei Wenge , Zhang Min , Zeng Lingxia 
Published: June 2018

Background
Maintenance of good functional status and improvement of quality of life (QOL) in patients with head and neck cancer help to determine the efficacy of anticancer therapies.

Objective
The aims of this study were to describe the profile of QOL changing over time and evaluate the correlation between anxiety, pain severity, and shoulder and neck function with QOL in patients.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted. Quality of life, neck and shoulder function, anxiety, and pain were assessed at the time of presurgery, 1 week, and 3 and 6 months postsurgery. The measurement tools included University of Washington-Quality of Life, Constant-Murley score, Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale, and WHO Pain Grading Standards.

Results
The mean (SD) scores of QOL in 69 patients were 91.8 (6.1) presurgery, 71.6 (9.0) 1 week after surgery, and 78.1 (8.3) and 85.2 (7.0) at 3 and 6 months postsurgery, respectively. Quality of life scores were positively correlated with shoulder and neck function and negatively correlated with anxiety and pain. The improvement of postsurgery QOL was significantly associated with sex and incision healing grade.

Conclusion
Improvement of QOL of patients with head and neck cancer is a long process, which is associated with the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients.

Implications for Practice
Focusing nursing practice on shoulder and neck function rehabilitation, incision care, and pain management could positively affect QOL among patients with head and neck cancer treated by surgery.
Sudden Death as a Sequel of Ruptured Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysm in Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Zhang Jixiu , Tuokan Talafu , Shi Yonghua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article reports a case of Kawasaki disease (KD) and its rapid fatal course in a 5-year-old boy, who 3 days before hospitalization demonstrated fever and diffuse erythema in the face, neck, and torso, as well as swelling and pain below the right earlobe. During the admission, he was diagnosed with mumps and suspected scarlet fever. Abnormal laboratory findings included elevated values of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6. Sudden death occurred 8 days after admission. Autopsy confirmed the cause of death to be pericardial tamponade due to a ruptured, inflamed aneurysm of the left anterior descending coronary artery. We believe that any typical clinical sign of KD whenever associated with elevated indices of inflammation should set off suspicion of KD and further permit cardiovascular examination. This would contribute to distinguishing KD from other diseases with similar clinical signs in order to accelerate appropriate treatment.
Climate Change Influences the Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) Pollen Count and Sensitization Rate in South Korea
Authors: Song Jung-Kook , Kang Ju wan , Hong Sung-Chul , Hong Kim Jeong , Park Dahee , Lee Hye-Sook , Jeong Jinho , Seo Kyu Bum , Lee Keun Hwa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundJapanese cedar pollen (JCP) is the major outdoor allergen for spring pollinosis and seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) caused by JCP is the most common disease in Jeju Island, South Korea and in Japan. Prior to our research, JCP counts were strongly temperature dependent and were significantly associated with the JCP sensitization rate and JC pollinosis. This event may still be ongoing due to the effects of global climate change, such as increasing temperature.Methods and FindingFor these reasons, we are studying the correlation among increasing temperatures, the JCP counts in the atmosphere and the JCP sensitization rate.ConclusionsIn this study, our data show that increasing temperatures in January and April might lead to earlier and longer JCP seasons and that earlier and longer JCP seasons lead to an increase in the JCP sensitization rate, which influences the prevalence of JC pollinosis.
Luigi: Large-scale histopathological image retrieval system using deep texture representations
Authors: Komura Daisuke , Fukuta Keisuke , Tominaga Ken , Kawabe Akihiro , Koda Hirotomo , Suzuki Ryohei , Konishi Hiroki , Umezaki Toshikazu , Harada Tatsuya , Ishikawa Shumpei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundAs a large number of digital histopathological images have been accumulated, there is a growing demand of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) in pathology for educational, diagnostic, or research purposes. However, no CBIR systems in digital pathology are publicly available.ResultsWe developed a web application, the Luigi system, which retrieves similar histopathological images from various cancer cases. Using deep texture representations computed with a pre-trained convolutional neural network as an image feature in conjunction with an approximate nearest neighbor search method, the Luigi system provides fast and accurate results for any type of tissue or cell without the need for further training. In addition, users can easily submit query images of an appropriate scale into the Luigi system and view the retrieved results using our smartphone application. The cases stored in the Luigi database are obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas with rich clinical, pathological, and molecular information. We tested the Luigi system by querying typical cancerous regions from four cancer types, and confirmed successful retrieval of relevant images.ConclusionsThe Luigi system will help students, pathologists, and researchers easily retrieve histopathological images of various cancers similar to those of the query image.
SNP Selection and Concordance in Consumer Genetics Testing
Authors: Thompson John F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe use of Direct To Consumer (DTC) genetic testing for predicting health risks and a variety of other phenotypes has been extensively discussed. Additionally, there have been wide ranging discourses on privacy and ethical concerns. Much less attention has been paid to what most people actually use DTC testing for: ancestry determination. Furthermore, comparison of the platforms used by different companies and how they have chosen SNPs to address the questions of health and ancestry have not been broadly reported. When SNPs across three genotyping platforms are compared, only 16-18% of SNPs with reported genotypes are shared across all platforms. Only 110,051 of the more than 600,000 SNPs are called on all three panels examined (Ancestry, 23andMe and MyHeritage). SNPs genotyped on all platforms are highly concordant with only two SNPs having discordant calls. When the SNPs unique to a single panel are examined, it is apparent that each company has its own strategy for choosing SNPs. When each platform is examined, the unique SNPs have different frequencies, ethnic selectivities, and chromosomal locations. Because each company separates the world into different, overlapping geographical regions, it is impossible to do an exact comparison of ancestry results. Factoring in the ways the regions overlap, congruent results are generated for the major contributors to ancestry.
Isolation, Development, and Genomic Analysis ofBacillus megateriumSR7 for Growth and Metabolite Production Under Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Freedman Adam J.E. , Peet Kyle C. , Boock Jason T. , Penn Kevin , Prather Kristala L. J. , Thompson Janelle R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSupercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is an attractive substitute for conventional organic solvents due to its unique transport and thermodynamic properties, its renewability and labile nature, and its high solubility for compounds such as alcohols, ketones and aldehydes. However, biological systems that use scCO2are mainly limited toin vitroprocesses due to its strong inhibition of cell viability and growth. To solve this problem, we used a bioprospecting approach to isolate a microbial strain with the natural ability to grow while exposed to scCO2. Enrichment culture and serial passaging of deep subsurface fluids from the McElmo Dome scCO2reservoir in aqueous media under scCO2headspace enabled the isolation of spore-forming strainBacillus megateriumSR7. Sequencing and analysis of the complete 5.51 Mbp genome and physiological characterization revealed the capacity for facultative anaerobic metabolism, including fermentative growth on a diverse range of organic substrates. Supplementation of growth medium withL-alanine for chemical induction of spore germination significantly improved growth frequencies and biomass accumulation under scCO2headspace. Detection of endogenous fermentative compounds in cultures grown under scCO2represents the first observation of bioproduct generation and accumulation under this condition. Culturing development and metabolic characterization ofB. megateriumSR7 represent initial advancements in the effort towards enabling exploitation of scCO2as a sustainable solvent forin vivobioprocessing.
MaGIC: a machine learning tool set and web application for monoallelic gene inference from chromatin
Authors: Vinogradova Svetlana , Saksena Sachit D. , Ward Henry N. , Vigneau Sébastien , Gimelbrant Alexander A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSummaryA large fraction of human and mouse autosomal genes are subject to random monoallelic expression (MAE), an epigenetic mechanism characterized by allele-specific gene expression that varies between clonal cell lineages. MAE is highly cell-type specific, and mapping it in a large number of cell and tissue types can provide insight into its biological function. Its detection, however, remains challenging. We previously reported that a sequence-independent chromatin signature identifies, with high sensitivity and specificity, genes subject to MAE in multiple tissue types using readily available ChIP-seq data. Here we present an implementation of this method as a user-friendly, open-source software pipeline for monoallelic gene inference from chromatin (MaGIC).Availability and implementationThe source code for the MaGIC pipeline and the Shiny app is available at https://github.com/gimelbrantlab/magic.Contactsebastien_vigneau@dfci.harvard.edu, gimelbrant@mail.dfci.harvard.edu
A novel mechanism of gland formation in zebrafish involving transdifferentiation of renal epithelial cells and live cell extrusion
Authors: Naylor Richard W. , Davidson Alan J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTransdifferentiation is the poorly understood phenomenon whereby a terminally differentiated cell acquires a completely new identity. Here, we describe a rare example of a naturally occurring transdifferentiation in zebrafish in which kidney distal tubule epithelial cells are converted into an endocrine gland known as the Corpuscles of Stannius (CS). We find that this process requires Notch signalling and is associated with the cytoplasmic sequestration of the Hnf1b transcription factor, a master-regulator of renal tubule fate. A deficiency in the Irx3b transcription factor results in ectopic transdifferentiation of distal tubule cells to a CS identity but in a Notch-dependent fashion. Using live-cell imaging we show that CS cells undergo apical constrictionen masseand are then extruded from the tubule to form a distinct organ. This system provides a valuable new model to understand the molecular and morphological basis of transdifferentiation and will advance efforts to exploit this rare phenomenon therapeutically.
Compendiums of Cancer Transcriptome for Machine Learning Applications
Authors: Lim Su Bin , Tan Swee Jin , Lim Wan-Teck , Lim Chwee Teck 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere exist massive transcriptome profiles in the form of microarray, enabling reuse. The challenge is that they are processed with diverse platforms and preprocessing tools, requiring considerable time and informatics expertise for cross-dataset or cross-cancer analyses. If there exists a single, integrated data source consisting of thousands of samples, similar to TCGA, data-reuse will be facilitated for discovery, analysis, and validation of biomarker-based clinical strategy.FindingsWe present 11 merged microarray-acquired datasets (MMDs) of major cancer types, curating 8,386 patient-derived tumor and tumor-free samples from 95 GEO datasets. Highly concordant MMD-derived patterns of genome-wide differential gene expression were observed with matching TCGA cohorts. Using machine learning algorithms, we show that clinical models trained from all MMDs, except breast MMD, can be directly applied to RNA-seq-acquired TCGA data with an average accuracy of 0.96 in classifying cancer. Machine learning optimized MMD further aids to reveal immune landscape of human cancers critically needed in disease management and clinical interventions.ConclusionsTo facilitate large-scale meta-analysis, we generated a newly curated, unified, large-scale MMD across 11 cancer types. Besides TCGA, this single data source may serve as an excellent training or test set to apply, develop, and refine machine learning algorithms that can be tapped to better define genomic landscape of human cancers.
Evaluating Cost-Effective Methods for Rapid and Repeatable National Scale Detection and Mapping of Invasive Species Spread
Authors: Kost Ruth A. , Brook Ryan K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInvasive species can spread rapidly at local and national scales, creating significant environmental and economic impacts. A central problem in mitigation efforts is identifying methods that can rapidly detect invasive species in a cost-effective and repeatable manner. This challenge is particularly acute for species that can spread over large areas (>1 million km2). Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one of the most prolific invasive mammals on Earth and cause extensive damage to agricultural crops, native ecosystems, and livestock, and are reservoirs of disease. They have spread from their native range in Eurasia and North Africa into large areas of Australia, Africa, South America, and North America. We show that the range of invasive wild pigs has increased exponentially in Canada over the last 30 years following initial and ongoing releases and escapes from domestic wild boar farms. We evaluate eight different methods for mapping invasive species over large areas and assess their benefits and limitations. Our findings effectively map the spread of a highly invasive large mammal and demonstrate that management efforts should ideally rely on a set of complementary independent monitoring methods. Mapping and evaluating resulting species occurrences provide baseline maps against which future changes can be rapidly evaluated.