bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lived experiences of caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Kenya
Authors: Cloete Lizahn G. , Obaigwa Evans O. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a global public health concern. In African countries such as Kenya, there is a greater need for establishing support services for developmental disorders such as ASD. The emotional, social and economic burden of ASD on caregivers is unknown because of a number of challenges. Citizens of Kenya have a unique view of disability and inclusion.Objectives: To explore the perspectives of caregivers who are responsible for caring for both family and children living with ASD and to highlight the needs of children with ASD as well as the needs of their caregivers.Method: A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological study utilising focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted. Verbatim transcription was used. QSR N ’Vivo 10 was used to organise and analyse the data. Content analysis was used to identify important ideas and concepts.Results: One theme, namely ‘the burden of caring for children with ASD’, was identified. Children with ASD and their caregivers experience isolation and stigmatisation.Conclusion: Occupational therapists in Kenya should collaborate with the relevant national and global stakeholders for the promotion of the inclusion of children with ASD and their families. Responsive and context-appropriate occupational therapy interventions may begin to address service barriers.
El Pentecostalismo clásico frente al nuevo: Discriminación interreligiosa en el protestantismo Chileno
Authors: Marín Alarcón Nelson 
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo trata acerca de la percepción que poseen los pentecostales de la
Iglesia Evangélica Pentecostal, representante del pentecostalismo tradicional chileno,
frente a la llegada y expansión de nuevas iglesias pentecostales que aquí denominaremos
como “neo-pentecostales”. Por lo general, los pentecostales clásicos identifican a estos
nuevos grupos con iglesias que han sido objeto de investigaciones y documentales por
delitos, reproduciendo estereotipos de discriminación que funden con su cosmovisión
acerca del bien y del mal.
Diálogo interreligioso como clave para la formación ciudadana de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Palet A. Pablo , Sanhueza G. Rommel 
Published: April 2019

En el contexto nacional, La Araucanía es una región caracterizada por la diversidad étnica, cultural y religiosa. Al mismo tiempo, la creciente emergencia de la conciencia de identidad y pertenencia al pueblo mapuche y la asimetría de condiciones de vida en relación con la sociedad dominante, han hecho del conflicto entre el Estado de Chile y el pueblo Mapuche un tema de primera relevancia regional.
Por otra parte, la Universidad Católica de Temuco, desde su fundación el año 1959, ha declarado un claro y decidido compromiso con la región buscando comprender y contribuir a la solución de sus problemáticas, desafíos y aspiraciones. La propuesta de esta presentación es que, para cumplir su compromiso público de aportar a la convivencia social, la UC Temuco debe atender a la formación integral de sus estudiantes como profesionales y ciudadanos, una de cuyas dimensiones es la cosmovisión religiosa, lo que implica encontrar y defender el estatuto propio de la „educación de la fe‟ en el contexto universitario, caracterizado por la „neutralidad religiosa‟.
En este contexto, se propone considerar las condiciones para un auténtico diálogo interreligioso como la perspectiva más adecuada para favorecer el desarrollo de la fe en el ámbito universitario. En este marco se presenta el caso del curso electivo Manifestaciones de la espiritualidad en la Araucanía. Una mirada a la diversidad. Se describen cuatro momentos relevantes de esta experiencia: identidad religiosa, religiones ante la realidad contemporánea, testimonios de fe, y salir de sí al encuentro del otro. Finalmente se presentan algunos resultados significativos para el propósito de aportar a la formación de ciudadanos comprometidos con la convivencia armónica y la paz.
Development and Evaluation of a Novel Point-of-Use Quality Assurance Tool for Digital Pathology
Authors: Clarke Emily L. , Brettle David , Sykes Alexander , Wright Alexander , Boden Anna , Treanor Darren 
Published: April 2019

Context.—
Flexible working at diverse or remote sites is a major advantage when reporting using digital pathology, but currently there is no method to validate the clinical diagnostic setting within digital microscopy.

Objective.—
To develop a preliminary Point-of-Use Quality Assurance (POUQA) tool designed specifically to validate the diagnostic setting for digital microscopy.

Design.—
We based the POUQA tool on the red, green, and blue (RGB) values of hematoxylin-eosin. The tool used 144 hematoxylin-eosin–colored, 5×5-cm patches with a superimposed random letter with subtly lighter RGB values from the background color, with differing levels of difficulty. We performed an initial evaluation across 3 phases within 2 pathology departments: 1 in the United Kingdom and 1 in Sweden.

Results.—
In total, 53 experiments were conducted across all phases resulting in 7632 test images viewed in all. Results indicated that the display, the user's visual system, and the environment each independently impacted performance. Performance was improved with reduction in natural light and through use of medical-grade displays.

Conclusions.—
The use of a POUQA tool for digital microscopy is essential to afford flexible working while ensuring patient safety. The color-contrast test provides a standardized method of comparing diagnostic settings for digital microscopy. With further planned development, the color-contrast test may be used to create a “Verified Login” for diagnostic setting validation.
A SURVEY ON THE COMMUNITY SATISFACTION INDEX BASED ON KEPMENPAN NO. 25/M.PAN/2/2004 AT KANUJOSO DJATIWIBOWO REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL, BALIKPAPAN IN 2018
Authors: Savitri Mieke , Armando Dea Yasmine 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Community Satisfaction Index (CSI) Survey is used to measure the community’s perception on the services that they receive. In hospitals, it is used to determine whether a service or facility needs to be improved or not, and where it must be improved. In 2018, a descriptive qualitative study was performed at RSUD Dr. Kanujoso which would measure the public’s perception on the services that the hospital provided. The survey was based on the 14 aspects of CSI of the State Apparatus Empowerment Minister Decree No. 25/M.PAN/2/2004. We discovered that the highest rate was held by the Hemodialysis Unit with 100% and the lowest was held by the Medical Rehabilitation Unit with 74.18%. The other units ranged between 74.89%-90.83%. While the average score for the hospital was 78.42%, which meant that the hospital’s perfoemance was good. In general, the hospital provided good service, as evident in the average score of 78.42%. 93.6% of patients prefer to return to the hospital and 97,6% would recommend the hospital. Although some improvements were necessary, such as in the speed and fairness. Therefore, the staff involved in those areas should received further training. Abstrak. Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat adalah data dan Informasi mengenai tingkat kepuasan masyarakat yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif atas pendapat masyarakat dalam memperoleh pelayanan dari aparatur penyelenggara pelayanan publik. Desain Survei Kepuasan Masyarakat terhadap Pelayanan di RSUD Kanujoso Wibowo 2018 ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang akan mengukur tingkat kepuasan berbasis persepsi masyarakat pada saat menerima layanan kesehatan dikaitkan dengan 14 aspek Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat dari Keputusan Menteri PAN Nomor: 25/M.PAN/2/2004. Berdasarkan unit layanan, indeks kepuasan masyarakat tertinggi ada di unit Hemodialisa dengan nilai 100,00 (sangat baik). 12 unit layanan lainnya masuk dalam kategori baik dan sangat baik dengan rentang nilai 74,18-90,83. Unit Rehab Medik menjadi unit layanan dengan indeks kepuasan masyarakat terendah yaitu hanya sebesar 74,18, walaupun nilai tersebut masih masuk dalam kategori baik. Nilai Indeks pelayanan dari 14 aspek indeks kepuasaan masyarakat untuk pelayanan di RSUD Kanujoso Djatiwibowo adalah 78,42 artinya kinerja unit pelayanan adalah baik.
Beliefs are multidimensional and vary in stability over time - psychometric properties of the Beliefs and Values Inventory (BVI)
Authors: Barnby Joseph M. , Bell Vaughan , Sheridan Rains Luke , Mehta Mitul A. , Deeley Quinton 
Published: April 2019

The cognitive processes underlying belief are still obscure. Understanding these processes may lead to more targeted treatment to better address functional impairment, such as occurs with delusions. One way in which this might be accomplished is to understand healthy, everyday beliefs, and how these may relate to characteristics observed in delusions. As yet, no such measure exists to accurately measure belief across a range of themes and dimensions. This paper outlines two studies documenting the creation and psychometric properties of a novel measure assessing three different dimensions of belief across themes of politics, science, the paranormal, religion, and morality in UK samples (n = 1, 673 total). Reliability estimates suggested good to excellent consistency (alpha > 0.8 per theme) with moderate to excellent reliability at 48 h (ICC = 0.61 –0.96) and 3.5 months (ICC = 0.61 –0.89). Factor analyses suggested good support for our five chosen themes of belief, suggesting they are distinct topic areas. Correlations across theme and dimension suggested dissociable characteristics within themes. These results have implications for 1. understanding the stability and relationship between themes of belief in a population and, 2. exploring how beliefs may change over time or as a result of an intervention. Full analysis code and data are available from the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/hzvwr/).
Dermoscope-guided Laser Excision of a Pilomatricoma – a Novel Surgical Procedure Performed in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Chuh Antonio , Zawar Vijay , Fölster-Holst Regina , Wong William 
Published: April 2019

Hypothesis: Dermoscope-guided laser excision is applicable for some cutaneous lesions seen in primary care, particularly those in body flexures or in regions with high blood perfusion.
Summary: A male patient presented with an asymptomatic mass behind his left pinna. Polarised dermoscopy revealed signs compatible with malignancy. Excision was difficult owing to the location being concave and the region being one with hyper-perfusion.
Dermoscope-guided laser excision was performed. The edge of the lesion and clear margins were marked via dermoscope-guidance. Laser incisions were made following the margins. Dermoscopy confirmed precision of the incision. Upon three laser-dermoscope cycles, the mass separated itself. Laser in coagulation mode achieved haemostasis.
Dermoscope-guided laser excision was performed. The edge of the lesion and clear margins were marked via dermoscope-guidance. Laser incisions were made following such margins. Dermoscopy confirmed precision of the incision. Lesion incisions and dermoscopy were then reapplied. Upon three laser-dermoscope cycles, the mass separated itself. Laser in coagulation mode achieved haemostasis.
Outcome: The histopathological diagnosis was a pilomatricoma. Healing was uneventful, with minimal scarring. There was no relapse one year post-operatively.
Recommendation: Investigations on dermoscope-guided laser incision and other dermoscope-guided surgical procedures in primary care settings can be conducted to evaluate the outcomes of these procedures.
The Effect of Aerosols on the Air Microflora of the Indoor Air
Authors: Jeff-Agboola E. O. , Dada O. E. , Jeff-Agboola Y. A. 
Published: April 2019

This research work assessed the microflora of rooms sprayed with different insecticides and air freshners with the aim of investigating the effect of the aerosols on the types of microflora in the room environment. Eight (8) different samples of chemical aerosols were used they are: Mobile insecticide(Imidacloprid), Raid multipurpose insect killer(1R-trans Phenothrin), Morten Insecticide(pyrethroids), Rambo Insecticide(pyrethroid compound). as categorized as Insecticides, while Febreze(hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin), Air wick(Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (aka dipropylene glycol methyl ether), Glade(allyl 3-cyclohexylpropionate, allyl caproate, benzyl alcohol, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Top breeze(Cyclodextrin) were purchased as air fresheners/fragrance and eight (8) different rooms were used. Microorganisms isolated from the rooms before and after spraying with aerosols were: Staphylococus aureus, Lactobacillus jensenii, Bacillus coagulans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Micrococcus spp., Aerococcus viridans, Pediococcus cerevisiae, Streptococcus spp., Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. The result of eight different rooms sprayed with different aerosol as Insecticide and air fresheners showed that, some aerosols were able to inhibit some organisms that were initially present in some rooms while there were introduction of another organisms from some aerosols into some rooms. The occurrence of Staphylococus aureus (100%) was the highest in all the rooms followed by Aspergillus niger (87.5) and A. flavus (75%). Lactobacillus jensenii, Bacillus coagulans and Micrococcus spp. had the lowest frequency of occurrence (12.5%).
Method for the determination of carbon monoxide in workplace air using a non‐dispersive infrared gas measurement device (NDIR) [Air Monitoring Methods, 2019]
Authors: Gluschko A. , Brock T.H. , Hebisch R. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This analytical method is a validated procedure for the determination of carbon monoxide in workplace air after personal or stationary sampling. Portable, electrically‐powered gas measurement devices with integrated air sampling are used. The sample flow rate is set to 0.5 or 2.0 L/min. The air sample is transferred to the measurement cell by means of an internal sampling pump. Measurement is carried out by comparison of the IR signals of a concentration‐dependent measurement cuvette and the IR signal of the sealed reference cuvette. The current CO concentration is calculated electronically from the respective differences of these cuvettes and then immediately displayed as the measurement result for the CO concentration. This method is suitable for measurement at the workplace over long time periods as well as for short‐term measurements. Also readings of the current CO concentration can be taken any time. The limit of quantification (LOQ) is 1.6 ppm in the measurement range of 0 to 100 ppm.
Joint Publication of the Analytical Subcommittee of the Chemistry Board of Experts of the Expert Committee Raw Materials and Chemical Industry of the German Social Accident Insurance and the working group “Air Analyses” of the Permanent Senate Commission of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area.
Tri‐n‐butyl phosphate [BAT Value Documentation, 2018]
Authors: Ochsmann E. , Weistenhöfer W. , Klotz K. , Drexler H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area evaluated tri‐n‐butyl phosphate [CAS No.
126‐73‐8
] in 2016 and derived a biological reference value (“Biologischer Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwert”, BAR) for dibutyl phosphate in urine. Available publications are described in detail.

In a study with persons of the general population occupationally not exposed to tri‐n‐butyl phosphate a 95
th
percentile of 0.67 µg dibutyl phosphate/l urine was measured. Further studies with non‐exposed individuals resulted in maximum levels of 0.45 µg and 0.26 µg dibutyl phosphate/l urine.

Taking these results together with other investigations into consideration, a BAR for tri‐n‐butyl phosphate of 0.5 µg dibutyl phosphate/l urine was established. Sampling time is at the end of exposure or the end of the working shift.
Addendum zu Chlorierte Biphenyle [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2019]
Authors: Brinkmann B. , Bartsch R. , Schriever‐Schwemmer G. , Drexler H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn 2018 the German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area evaluated the possibility to add the indication “prerequisite for Pregnancy Risk Group C” for chlorinated biphenyls. Chlorinated biphenyls are classified in Pregnancy Risk Group B because adhering to the biological tolerance value (BAT value) of 15 µg/L plasma for the sum of the indicator congeners PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 180 cannot exclude a risk to the developing foetus. This classification was mainly based on developmental neurotoxicity and reduced birth weight in monkeys exposed to mixtures of chlorinated biphenyls. In this re‐evaluation, numerous environmental epidemiological studies on developmental effects and birth weight and extensive reviews of these studies are taken into account. These studies show that the critical effect in humans is developmental neurotoxicity, for which a NOAEL of 3.5 µg/L plasma for the sum of the 6 indicator congeners can be derived.Therefore, an internal exposure not higher than this concentration would be the prerequisite for an assignment to Pregnancy Risk Group C, which means that damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely at this concentration.
Mercury and mercury compounds – Determination of mercury in blood and in urine by Cold Vapour AAS [Biomonitoring Methods, 2019]
Authors: Heitland P. , Göen T. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe working group “Analyses in Biological Materials” of the Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area validated the presented biomonitoring method.Mercury is determined by flow injection cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV‐AAS). The digested blood or urine samples are stabilised with potassium permanganate, introduced into the acid carrier flow (hydrochloric acid) and mixed with the reducing agent sodium borohydride. Mercury vapour formed by reduction is transported with an argon flow into the atomisation cell of the AA spectrometer.Calibration is performed using matrix matched calibration solutions. The mercury concentrations in real samples are calculated from the linear relationship between the measured absorbance and the mass concentration of mercury.
n‐Decyloleat [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2019]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated n‐decyl oleate [
3687‐46‐5
], considering all toxicological endpoints. Available publications and unpublished study reports are described in detail.

As with white mineral oil, inhalation of aerosols of the hardly water‐soluble n‐decyl oleate could result in lung overload, inflammatory reactions and microgranulomas. To prevent this overload, a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of 5 mg/m
3
is derived for the respirable fraction by analogy with white mineral oil and an n‐decyl oleate is classified in Peak Limitation Category II with an excursion factor of 4.

There are no developmental toxicity studies and n‐decyl oleate is assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group D. n‐Decyl oleate is not genotoxic in bacteria. Carcinogenicity studies are not available. There are no indications of a contact sensitizing potential of n‐decyl oleate in humans and in animal studies. Skin contact is not expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity.
Natriumpyrithion [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2019]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated sodium pyrithione [3811‐73‐2;15922‐78‐8] considering all toxicological endpoints. Available publications and unpublished study reports are described in detail.Sodium pyrithione is neurotoxic in rats and rabbits, but not in monkeys. As there is no sufficient mechanistic explanation for the observed differences between the species, the rat as the most sensitive species is used for the derivation of a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value).The NOAEC in a 90‐day inhalation study with rats is 1.1 mg/m3. In a chronic feeding study with rats, a NAEL of 0.16 mg/kg body weight and day is derived from the LOAEL of 0.5 mg/kg body weight and day. Both the NOAEC and the NAEL correspond to a MAK value of 0.2 mg/m3for the inhalable fraction.As a systemic effect is critical, the substance remains classified in Peak Limitation Category II. As the initial half‐life of sodium pyrithione is in the range of up to 2.8 hours, an excursion factor of 2 is assigned.In developmental toxicity studies, the most critical effects of sodium pyrithione are skeletal anomalies in rats. NOAELs for developmental effects are 2 mg/kg body weight and day after oral treatment of rats as well as 3 and 5 mg/kg body weight and day after dermal application to rats and rabbits, respectively. The differences between the NOAELs for rats and rabbits scaled to an inhalation concentration at the workplace and the MAK value are considered sufficient. Therefore, damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value is not exceeded and sodium pyrithione is assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group C. Sodium pyrithione is still regarded as a non‐genotoxic and non‐carcinogenic substance. Skin contact may contribute significantly to systemic toxicity and sodium pyrithione remains designated with an “H” notation. Sensitization is not expected based on the limited data available.
N,N‐Dimethylformamid [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2019]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated N,N‐dimethylformamide [
68‐12‐2
] taking into account the increased respiratory volume at the workplace (see List of MAK and BAT Values, sections I b and I c).

N,N‐Dimethylformamide is a liver toxin and the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of 5 ml/m
3
was set using data from a two‐year study in mice showing liver cell hypertrophy and single cell necrosis at the lowest concentration tested of 25 ml/m
3
. In this study, rats were less susceptible as regards the liver toxicity of N,N‐dimethylformamide. Species differences in toxicokinetics are a plausible explanation for the higher toxicity in mice. As human metabolism of N,N‐dimethylformamide is quantitatively similar to that of rats, their susceptibility is expected to be similar to that of rats. On the basis of the NOAEC of 25 ml/m
3
for rats, the MAK value of 5 ml/m
3
is retained even taking into account the increased respiratory volume at the workplace. Peak Limitation Category II and the excursion factor of 2 are confirmed.

The assignment of N,N‐dimethylformamide to Pregnancy Risk Group B is retained. In an earlier assessment, it was concluded that exposure to a concentration of up to 1 ml/m
3
is not expected to lead to developmental toxicity. This prerequisite for an assignment of N,N‐dimethylformamide to Pregnancy Risk Group C is confirmed, also taking into account the increased respiratory volume at the workplace.