bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of ECMWF-IFS (version 41R1) operational model forecasts of aerosol transport by using ceilometer network measurements
Authors: Chan Ka Lok , Wiegner Matthias , Flentje Harald , Mattis Ina , Wagner Frank , Gasteiger Josef , Geiß Alexander 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we present a comparison of model simulations of aerosol
profiles with measurements of the ceilometer network operated by the German
Weather Service (DWD) over 1 year from September 2015 to August 2016. The
aerosol forecasts are produced by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring
Service (CAMS) using the aerosol module developed within the Global and
regional Earth-system Monitoring using Satellite and in-situ data (GEMS) and
Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) projects and coupled
into the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Integrated
Forecasting System (ECMWF-IFS). As the model output provides mass mixing ratios
of different types of aerosol, whereas the ceilometers do not, it is necessary
to determine a common physical quantity for the comparison. We have chosen
the attenuated backscatter β∗ for this purpose. The
β∗ profiles are calculated from the mass mixing ratios of the model
output assuming the inherent aerosol microphysical properties. Comparison of
the attenuated backscatter averaged between an altitude of 0.2 km (typical
overlap range of ceilometers) and 1 km in general shows similar annual
average values. However, the standard deviation of the difference between
model and observation is larger than the average in 8 out of 12 sites. To investigate possible reasons for the differences, we have examined the
role of the hygroscopic growth of particles and the particle shape. Our
results show that using a more recent particle growth model would result in a
∼22 % reduction of particle backscatter for sea salt aerosols,
corresponding to a 10 % reduction of the total backscatter signal on
average. Accounting for nonspherical dust particles in the model would reduce
attenuated backscatter of dust particles by ∼30 %. As the
concentration of dust aerosol is in general very low in Germany, a
significant effect on the total backscatter signal is restricted to dust
episodes. In summary, consideration of both effects tends to improve the
agreement between model and observations but without leading to a perfect
consistency. In addition, a strong Saharan dust event was investigated to study the
agreement of the spatiotemporal distribution of particles. It was found that
the arrival time of the dust layer and its vertical extent very well agree
between model and ceilometer measurements for several stations. This
underlines the potential of a network of ceilometers to validate the
dispersion of aerosol layers.
Recent updates to the Copernicus Marine Service global ocean monitoring and forecasting real-time 1∕12° high-resolution system
Authors: Lellouche Jean-Michel , Greiner Eric , Le Galloudec Olivier , Garric Gilles , Regnier Charly , Drevillon Marie , Benkiran Mounir , Testut Charles-Emmanuel , Bourdalle-Badie Romain , Gasparin Florent , Hernandez Olga , Levier Bruno , Drillet Yann , Remy Elisabeth , Le Traon Pierre-Yves 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Since 19 October 2016, and in the framework of
Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), Mercator Ocean
has delivered real-time daily services (weekly analyses and daily 10-day
forecasts) with a new global 1∕12∘ high-resolution (eddy-resolving)
monitoring and forecasting system. The model component is the NEMO platform
driven at the surface by the IFS ECMWF atmospheric analyses and forecasts.
Observations are assimilated by means of a reduced-order Kalman filter with a
three-dimensional multivariate modal decomposition of the background error.
Along-track altimeter data, satellite sea surface temperature, sea ice
concentration, and in situ temperature and salinity vertical profiles are
jointly assimilated to estimate the initial conditions for numerical ocean
forecasting. A 3D-VAR scheme provides a correction for the slowly evolving
large-scale biases in temperature and salinity. This paper describes the recent updates applied to the system and discusses
the importance of fine tuning an ocean monitoring and forecasting system.
It details more particularly the impact of the initialization, the
correction of precipitation, the assimilation of climatological temperature
and salinity in the deep ocean, the construction of the background error
covariance and the adaptive tuning of observation error on increasing the
realism of the analysis and forecasts. The scientific assessment of the ocean estimations are illustrated with
diagnostics over some particular years, assorted with time series over the
time period 2007–2016. The overall impact of the integration of all updates
on the product quality is also discussed, highlighting a gain in
performance and reliability of the current global monitoring and forecasting
system compared to its previous version.
Análise de rótulos de rações secas denominadas light, calorias reduzidas e redução de peso para gatos
Authors: Butzge Juliana Luiz , Cardoso Luis Fernando Dutra , Santin Sarah , Rodrigues Gabriel Dutra , Hauptli Lucélia , Moraes Priscila Oliveira 
Published: September 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a composição nutricional informada no rótulo de rações secas para gatos. Foram analisadas 15 rações classificadas como light ou calorias reduzidas quanto o nível de proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra bruta (FB), matéria mineral (MM) e calculou-se a energia metabolizável (EM). Os resultados foram divididos em dois grupos: adultos e castrados, de acordo com a recomendação da empresa. Para animais adultos, observou-se a média de 36,67% PB, 7,67% EE, 6,07% FB, 7,25% MM e 3.344,25 Kcal/kg EM e, respectivamente, para animais castrados 34,44%, 9,44%, 6,65%, 8,74%, e 3.515,43 Kcal/kg. Os ingredientes utilizados com maior frequência foram: farinha de subprodutos ou vísceras de aves/frango (100,00%), milho integral moído (86,67%), polpa de beterraba (80,00%), quirera de arroz (73,33%), levedura seca de cervejaria (73,33%), farelo de glúten de milho-60 (66,67%). A porcentagem de rações que apresentam L-cartinina em sua composição foi de 0,01% a 0,04%. Houve uma ampla variação na composição nutricional informada nas rações declaradas light e calorias reduzidas.
OPPORTUNITIES OF INTEGRATING DESALINATION TO COGENERATION FOR BRAZILIAN CONDITIONS
Authors: Ferreira E. M. , Balestieri J. A. P. , Zanardi M. A. 
Published: September 2018

One of the major problems in this century refers to the availability of potable water, necessary to the survival of populations. The world population is continually increasing and natural resources are proportionally decreasing, and the development of potable water production techniques demands intensive efforts. Electric power requirement is also necessary to the development of nations. Desalination processes are widely used in countries with low offer of potable water. Technologies nowadays in use are multi-stage-flash distillation (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO) process. In MSF and MED processes, the main technique is distillation. Reverse osmosis technique relies on the osmotic principle, in which a solvent passes through a membrane. Since the middle of 1950, these desalting techniques are widely used mainly in the Middle East countries, where water shortage is almost absolute. Although uncommonly conceived, discussing the implementation of desalination processes in association to cogeneration systems in Brazil is a necessary task for the long-term planning. In this way, this paper proposes to reviewthe successful experiences presented in the literature as a way of establishing how electric power and fresh water production can be produced from seawater desalting processes in an optimized way. Another objective pursued in this paper is stimulating more attention to this matter, that deserves discussing the skill staff formation and the know-how of such technologies in the strategic planning to the water resource management, specially because these investments require a considerable time for human resources development and the knowledge of the most adequate technology to be implemented for the integration of desalting and cogeneration units.
Mechanically Guided Post‐Assembly of 3D Electronic Systems
Authors: Kim Bong Hoon , Liu Fei , Yu Yongjoon , Jang Hokyung , Xie Zhaoqian , Li Kan , Lee Jungyup , Jeong Ji Yoon , Ryu Arin , Lee Yechan , Kim Do Hoon , Wang Xueju , Lee KunHyuck , Lee Jong Yoon , Won Sang Min , Oh Nuri , Kim Jeonghyun , Kim Ju Young , Jeong Seong‐Jun , Jang Kyung‐In , Lee Seungmin , Huang Yonggang , Zhang Yihui , Rogers John A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper describes deterministic assembly processes for transforming conventional, planar devices based on flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) platforms into those with 3D architectures in a manner that is fully compatible with off‐the‐shelf packaged or unpackaged component parts. The strategy involves mechanically guided geometry transformation by out‐of‐plane buckling motions that follow from controlled forces imposed at precise locations across the FPCB substrate by a prestretched elastomer platform. The geometries and positions of cuts, slits, and openings defined into the FPCB provide additional design parameters to control the final 3D layouts. The mechanical tunability of the resulting 3D FPCB platforms, afforded by elastic deformations of the substrate, allows these electronic systems to operate in an adaptable manner, as demonstrated in simple examples of an optoelectronic sensor that offers adjustable detecting angle/area and a near‐field communication antenna that can be tuned to accommodate changes in the electromagnetic properties of its surroundings. These approaches to 3D FPCB technologies create immediate opportunities for designs in multifunctional systems that leverage state‐of‐the‐art components.
Bandgap Engineering of Single‐Crystalline Perovskite Arrays for High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Gao Hanfei , Feng Jiangang , Pi Yueyang , Zhou Zhonghao , Zhang Bo , Wu Yuchen , Wang Xuedong , Jiang Xiangyu , Jiang Lei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBandgap engineering of single‐crystal lead halide perovskites with remarkable optoelectronic properties, solution processability, and low‐cost nature has been in the forefront of extensive optoelectronic applications. Yet one imminent challenging is to pattern micro‐ and nanostructured perovskite arrays with controlled morphology, precision alignment, and high‐quality single crystallinity owing to the difference of crystallization behaviors between perovskites with diverse halide stoichiometry, leading to the restricted integration of optoelectronic devices. Herein, a facile assembly solution process is developed through cautious regulation, directional dewetting, and microstructured confinement for the nucleation and growth of 1D perovskite single‐crystal arrays with engineered bandgap from 1.7 to 3.1 eV by changing halogen ratios. Photodetectors based on 1D arrays perform a high responsivity of 3.16 × 103 A W−1. In comparison with devices based on perovskite thin film, a notable improvement is achieved owing to the elimination of the carrier recombination in the 1D high‐quality crystalline arrays with the low defect density and long carrier lifetime. This work offers a new insight for the bandgap engineering of patterned single crystals toward the integration of optoelectronic devices.
Co3O4/Fe0.33Co0.66P Interface Nanowire for Enhancing Water Oxidation Catalysis at High Current Density
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Jing , Yang Yong , Zhang Shan , Zhu Haishuang , Zhu Xiaoqing , Xing Huanhuan , Zhang Yelong , Huang Bolong , Guo Shaojun , Wang Erkang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDesigning well‐defined nanointerfaces is of prime importance to enhance the activity of nanoelectrocatalysts for different catalytic reactions. However, studies on non‐noble‐metal‐interface electrocatalysts with extremely high activity and superior stability at high current density still remains a great challenge. Herein, a class of Co3O4/Fe0.33Co0.66P interface nanowires is rationally designed for boosting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis at high current density by partial chemical etching of Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O (Co‐CHH) nanowires with Fe(CN)63−, followed by low‐temperature phosphorization treatment. The resulting Co3O4/Fe0.33Co0.66P interface nanowires exhibit very high OER catalytic performance with an overpotential of only 215 mV at a current density of 50 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 59.8 mV dec−1 in 1.0 m KOH. In particular, Co3O4/Fe0.33Co0.66P exhibits an obvious advantage in enhancing oxygen evolution at high current density by showing an overpotential of merely 291 mV at 800 mA cm−2, much lower than that of RuO2 (446 mV). Co3O4/Fe0.33Co0.66P is remarkably stable for the OER with negligible current loss under overpotentials of 200 and 240 mV for 150 h. Theoretical calculations reveal that Co3O4/Fe0.33Co0.66P is more favorable for the OER since the electrochemical catalytic oxygen evolution barrier is optimally lowered by the active Co‐ and O‐sites from the Co3O4/Fe0.33Co0.66P interface.
Vertex‐Type Engineering of Pt–Cu–Rh Heterogeneous Nanocages for Highly Efficient Ethanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Wang Kai , Du Hongyu , Sriphathoorat Rinrada , Shen Pei Kang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMastery over the architecture and elemental distribution of metal nanocrystals at the nanoscale can effectively tailor and improve their catalytic properties. Herein, the vertex‐type‐selective growth of metallic nanohorns on a central nanocrystal is constructed via a one‐pot solvothermal synthesis, despite the fact that the site‐selective epitaxy of the second phase proceeds on all the vertices of the seeds. The prepared vertex‐type‐selective Pt–Cu–Rh heterogeneous nanocages (HNCs) are composed of a Rh‐decorated Pt–Cu rhombic dodecahedral nanocage and six Pt–Cu–Rh nanohorns protruding from the {100} rather than the {111} vertices of rhombic dodecahedron. Impressively, the Pt–Cu–Rh HNCs exhibit 8.1 times higher specific and 6.8 times higher mass activity toward the ethanol oxidation reaction under acidic conditions than commercial Pt/C catalysts. Besides, the peak potential for CO oxidation on Pt–Cu–Rh HNCs (370.4 mV vs SCE) is 182.0 mV more negative than that on Pt/C, indicating the dramatically enhanced CO tolerance. The excellent electrocatalytic property is attributed to the synergistic effect between Pt, Cu, and Rh components, high specific surface area of nanocages and nanohorns, as well as abundant concave/convex sites and various high‐index facets around the surface.
Hydrogel Interferometry for Ultrasensitive and Highly Selective Chemical Detection
Authors: Sun Mo , Bai Ruobing , Yang Xingyun , Song Jiaqi , Qin Meng , Suo Zhigang , He Ximin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDeveloping ultrasensitive chemical sensors with small scale and fast response through simple design and low‐cost fabrication is highly desired but still challenging. Herein, a simple and universal sensing platform based on a hydrogel interferometer with femtomol‐level sensitivity in detecting (bio)chemical molecules is demonstrated. A unique local concentrating effect (up to 109 folds) in the hydrogel induced by the strong analyte binding and large amount of ligands, combined with the signal amplification effect by optical interference, endows this platform with an ultrahigh sensitivity, specifically 10−14m for copper ions and 1.0 × 10−11 mg mL−1 for glycoprotein with 2–4 order‐of‐magnitude enhancement. The specific chemical reactions between selected ligands and target analytes provide high selectivity in detecting complex fluids. This universal principle with broad chemistry, simple physics, and modular design allows for high performance in detecting wide customer choices of analytes, including metal ions and proteins. The scale of the sensor can be down to micrometer size. The nature of the soft gel makes this platform transparent, flexible, stretchable, and compatible with a variety of substrates, showing high sensing stability and robustness after 200 cycles of bending or stretching. The outstanding sensing performance grants this platform great promise in broad practical applications.
Organic Thin‐Film Capacitive and Resistive Humidity Sensors: A Focus Review
Authors: Najeeb Mansoor Ani , Ahmad Zubair , Shakoor Rana A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, organic‐based capacitive and resistive humidity sensors, starting from the fundamental working principles, designs, and characterization, are reviewed. The prevalent adoptions of recent technology in the fabrication of the organic humidity sensors are also discussed. This paper is envisioned to serve as a complete reference guide for researchers who are looking forward to developing a more reliable, economical, and effective humidity sensor using organic/polymeric materials.
The influence of lifestyle, diet, and reproductive history on age at natural menopause in Spain: Analysis from the EPIC‐Spain sub‐cohort
Authors: Lujan‐Barroso Leila , Gibert Karina , Obón‐Santacana Mireia , Chirlaque María Dolores , Sánchez María‐Jose , Larrañaga Nerea , Barricarte Aurelio , Quirós Jose Ramón , Salamanca‐Fernández Elena , Colorado‐Yohar Sandra , Gómez‐Pozo Basilio , Agudo Antonio , Duell Eric J 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determinate the role of lifestyle factors, recent diet, menstrual factors, and reproductive history in age at natural menopause in adult Spanish women.MethodsIn total, 12 562 pre‐menopausal women were available for analysis from the EPIC‐Spain sub‐cohort. Women were recruited between 1992 and 1996 in five regions of Spain (Asturias, Granada, Murcia, Navarra, and San Sebastian) and, for these analyses, were followed for 3 years. Questionnaires on diet, lifestyle, anthropometric measurements, and reproductive and exogenous hormones history were collected at baseline. Menopause status was updated at a median of 3 years of follow‐up.ResultsAfter a median of 3 years of follow‐up 1166 women became postmenopausal. An earlier age at menopause was observed in current smokers (HR: 1.29; 95%CI 1.08‐1.55) and in non‐users of oral contraceptives (HR: 1.32; 95%CI 1.01‐1.57). A later age at menopause was observed in women with irregular menses (HR: 0.71; 95%CI 0.56‐0.91) and in women with a higher number of pregnancies (HR: 0.74; 95%CI 0.56‐0.94).ConclusionsOur results confirm that women who smoked had an earlier age at natural menopause, while use of oral contraceptives, higher number of pregnancies, and irregularity of menses were associated with a prolonged reproductive lifespan. No associations were observed for dietary habits assessed after the age of 40 years.
A new animal model for uterine torsion and uterine ischemia‐reperfusion studies, but not fetal hypoxia studies
Authors: Dogan Halef , Timurkaan Necati , Saat Nevzat , Seker Ibrahim , Risvanli Ali 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to develop a new animal model for use in uterine torsion, uterine ischemia‐reperfusion, and fetal hypoxia studies in rats. A total of 14 pregnant rats on their 18th‐19th gestational days were used. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: those undergoing the shame operation (group 1), and those in which a 360 uterine torsion was performed using a novel technique, which was corrected 6 hours later (group 2). Subsequently, seven female and seven male rat pups aged 1 month were separated from the mothers in each group. The female rats were monitored until puberty via measuring the vaginal apertures. The 1‐month old male rats and the female rats on reaching puberty were decapitated and histopathological tests were performed on the dissected organs, including the cerebral, visceral and genital organs. At the end of the study, no differences were observed between the groups with regard to abortions, offspring death rates and congenital abnormalities. It was observed that the time to reach puberty in female rats born from mothers with uterine torsion was longer, but the difference was statistically insignificant. No microscopic lesions were detected in the cerebral, visceral or genital organs of the offspring. Accordingly, it was concluded that offspring of mothers with the uterine torsion were not affected, at least in the short term. It was generally concluded that this animal model is appropriate for use in uterine torsion and ischemia‐reperfusion studies, but is not appropriate for fetal hypoxia studies.
Comparative effects of parenteral antimalarials in Swiss albino mice after chronic exposure to Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Aghahowa Sylvester , Okolocha Kenka 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMice are considered to be a similar model to humans in the pathogenesis of malaria. This study evaluates the effect of parenteral antimalarials on the spleen and liver of Swiss albino mice after chronic exposure to Plasmodium berghei. After chronic exposure to P. berghei NK65 strain, the level of parasitemia was assessed. The mice were treated for 3 days using chloroquine (5 mg/kg), quinine (10 mg/kg), and artemether (2 mg/kg). The effect of chronic exposure and the pattern of recovery were evaluated. There was significant decrease in total body weight after chronic exposure to P. berghei (P < 0.05). An increase in total weight recovery was seen after day 15 of treatment with the antimalarials; this was more pronounced with artemether. A significant increase in liver and spleen weights due to P. berghei infection was seen. There was a recovery pattern due to decrease in liver and spleen weights following antimalarial administration, which was greatest with artemether (P < 0.05). Significant changes were more in parasitized, quinine and artemether groups (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in total spleen protein due to chloroquine but a decrease due to quinine and artemether (P < 0.05). No significant changes in liver and spleen albumin were observed after treatment. The highest parasite clearance was observed with artemether, followed by quinine. Five mice died after chronic exposure in all the groups prior to treatment. There was significant enlargement and discoloration of spleen and liver after chronic exposure. This study showed that artemether aided recovery of the liver and spleen better than quinine and chloroquine in albino mice after chronic exposure to P. berghei. This suggests there is potential for improvement in antimalarial therapy.