bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable polyester/modified mesoporous silica composites for effective bone repair with self‐reinforced properties
Authors: Wang Jielin , Yu Jianshu , Yan Yinan , Yang Dicheng , Wang Ping , Xu Yan , Zhu Jun , Xu Guohua , He Dannong , Huang Gang 
Published: February 2019

A series novel composites based on poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) oligomer modified mesoporous silica (MCM41) homogeneous dispersed into poly(L‐lactide‐co‐trimethylene carbonate‐co‐glycolide) (PLTG) terpolymer has been successfully prepared. The structure of PLTG terpolymer was characterized by 1H NMR. The structure and properties of modified and unmodified MCM41 were attested by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM), which demonstrated that the MCM41 was successfully grafted by the PLLA oligomer. The effect of different concentration of modified MCM41 in PLTG matrix on thermal properties, mechanical properties, and hydrophilicity was investigated by TGA, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical testing, contact angle measurement, and SEM. The results of mechanical tests showed that 5 wt% of modified MCM41 nanoparticles gave rise to optimal reinforcing effect. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break of the PLTG/PLLA‐MCM41 (5%) composites were 33.2 Mpa, 1.58 Gpa, and 268.7%, respectively, which were all higher than the PLTG/MCM41 (5%) composites and pristine PLTG matrix, which were due to good interfacial adhesion between the PLTG matrix and MCM41 nanoparticles. TGA and DSC have shown that 5% modified MCM41 in the PLTG increased the temperature of composite degradation and Tg. Water contact angle measurement showed the hydrophilicity of the composites increases with the increase of modified MCM41 content. The live/dead assay showed that the modified MCM41 existing on the PLTG matrix presents very excellent cytocompatibility. Therefore, the novel composite material represents promising way for bone tissue engineering application.
Prenatal imaging throughout gestation in Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Shieh Hester F. , Estroff Judy A. , Barnewolt Carol E. , Zurakowski David , Tan Wen‐Hann , Buchmiller Terry L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposePrenatal occurrence and timing of appearance of associated features in Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) are unknown. We reviewed our BWS patients with serial fetal imaging and correlated these with postnatal findings.MethodsAll BWS patients with fetal ultrasound (US) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 2000 to 2016 were reviewed to determine the presence of polyhydramnios, placentamegaly, macrosomia, macroglossia, retrognathia, omphalocele, visceromegaly, and hemihypertrophy. These observations were correlated with postnatal findings. Data were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsNine BWS patients underwent 42 fetal imaging studies with median of five (range of two to six) studies per patient between 13 and 35 weeks gestation. All prenatal findings were confirmed postnatally with complete concordance. All patients with omphalocele were detected early in gestation but other postnatal findings less predictably so. All omphaloceles were small, and were found significantly earlier in gestation than macrosomia (P = 0.004) and macroglossia (P = 0.012). Visceromegaly and retrognathia were less frequent, with no significant differences in median gestational age from omphalocele when prenatally identified.ConclusionsIn BWS, omphalocele is the most common prenatal finding and routinely observed in early gestation with 100% accuracy. Associated findings of macrosomia, macroglossia, visceromegaly, and retrognathia, when present, are detected later in gestation. Imaging in later gestation may reveal additional abnormalities that support a BWS diagnosis.
Effect of drug loading on the properties of temperature‐responsive polyester–poly(ethylene glycol)–polyester hydrogels
Authors: Prince David Andrew , Villamagna Ian J , Hopkins Cameron C , de Bruyn John R , Gillies Elizabeth R 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHydrogels that can undergo gelation upon injection in vivo are promising systems for the site‐specific delivery of drugs. In particular, some thermo‐responsive gels require no chemical additives but simply gel in response to a change from a lower temperature to physiological temperature (37 °C). The gelation mechanism does not involve covalent bonds, and it is possible that incorporation of drugs into the hydrogel could disrupt gelation. We investigated the incorporation of drugs into thermo‐responsive hydrogels based on poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐lactide)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐lactide) (PCLA–PEG–PCLA). Significant differences in properties and in the response to incorporation of the anti‐inflammatory drug celecoxib (CXB) were observed as the PEG block length was varied from 1500 to 3000 g mol−1. Linear viscoelastic moduli of a PCLA–PEG–PCLA hydrogel containing a 2000 g mol−1 PEG block were least affected by the incorporation of CXB and this gel also exhibited the slowest release of CXB, so the incorporation of phenylbutazone, methotrexate, ibuprofen, diclofenac and etodolac was also investigated for this hydrogel. Different drugs resulted in varying degrees of syneresis of the hydrogels, suggesting that they interact with the polymer networks in different ways. In addition, the drugs had varying effects on the viscoelastic and compressive moduli of the gels. The results showed that the effects of drug loading on the properties of thermo‐responsive hydrogels can be substantial and depend on the drug. For applications such as intra‐articular drug delivery, in which the mechanical properties of the hydrogel are important, these effects should thus be studied on a case‐by‐case basis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A Dual‐Purpose Bromocoumarin Tag Enables Deep Profiling of the Cellular Cysteinome
Authors: Rabalski Adam J. , Williams Jon D. , McClure Ryan A. , Vasudevan Anil , Baranczak Aleksandra 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChemical proteomics enables comprehensive profiling of small molecules in complex proteomes. A critical component to understand the interactome of a small molecule is the precise location on a protein where the interaction takes place. Several approaches have been developed that take advantage of bio‐orthogonal chemistry and subsequent enrichment steps to isolate peptides modified by small molecules. These methods rely on target identification at the level of mass spectrometry making it difficult to interpret an experiment when modified peptides are not identified. Herein, an approach in which fluorescence‐triggered two‐dimensional chromatography enables the isolation of small molecule‐conjugated peptides prior to mass spectrometry analysis is described. In this study, a bromocoumarin moiety has been utilized that fluoresces and generates a distinct isotopic signature to locate and identify modified peptides. Profiling of a cellular cysteinome with the use of a bromocoumarin tag demonstrates that two‐dimensional fluorescence‐based chromatography separation can enable the identification of proteins containing reactive cysteine residues. Moreover, the method facilitates the interrogation of low abundance proteins with greater depth and sensitivity than a previously reported isotope‐targeted approach. Lastly, this workflow enables the identification of small‐molecule modified peptides from a protein‐of‐interest.
Counter‐ion and solvent effects in the C‐ and O‐alkylation of the phenoxide ion with allyl chloride
Authors: Nogueira Isac C. , Pliego Josefredo R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe alkylation reaction of the phenoxide ion with allyl chloride can take place in the oxygen atom or in the carbons of the aromatic ring in the ortho position. Experimental studies have suggested that solvent effects and ion pairing are important for the regioselectivity. In this work, this reaction has been studied by means of theoretical methods using density functional theory, continuum solvation models, and inclusion of some explicit water molecules. It was found that O‐alkylation is the only product in the reaction of free phenoxide ion in the gas phase. Inclusion of the solvent effect induces an activation barrier, and although the effect is more important for O‐alkylation, it is not enough to reverse the major O‐alkylation reaction path. When the reaction via the ion pair was considered, it was found that attack in the C3 carbon of the allyl chloride in the syn orientation of the leaving chloride ion leads to a stable transition state, with close activation barriers for both O‐ and C‐alkylations. Inclusion of the solvent effect to the ion pair reaction makes both the reaction barriers closer (difference of 0.2 kcal mol−1), in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The absolute theoretical free energy barriers also reproduce the experimental barriers with a deviation of 3.5 kcal mol−1. Thus, theoretical calculations point out that both ion pairing and solvation are critical for controlling reactivity and regioselectivity of this reaction.
q‐Deformed Quantum Mechanics Based on the q‐Addition
Authors: Chung Won Sang , Hassanabadi Hassan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper we consider the q‐derivative appearing in the non‐extensive thermodynamics to formulate the q‐deformed quantum mechanics. From the q‐addition we discuss the q‐deformed calculus and q‐deformed elementary functions. We use these to construct the q‐deformed quantum mechanics. As examples we discuss momentum eigenfunction, one dimensional box problem and quantum harmonic potential problem.
Cardosin A endocytosis mediated by integrin leads to lysosome leakage and apoptosis of epithelial cells
Authors: Wu Hao , Castanheira Pedro , Faro Carlos , Tang Jordan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCardosin A is an aspartic protease present in large amount in the pistils of cardoon flowers. This protease is known to contain an ‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐ (RGD) motif located on the molecular surface. In this study, we found that isolated recombinant cardosin A attached to human epithelial cells A549, mediated by the binding of its RGD motif to cell surface integrins. The cell bound cardosin A was internalized to endosomes and lysosomes and triggered the permeability of lysosomal membrane leading to apoptosis of the epithelial cells. These events are identical to those observed for three RGD‐containing aspartic proteases, Saps 4‐6, secreted by Candida albicans. Such a process, which has been called the Trojan Horse mechanism, is believed to benefit the invasion of C. albican into the epithelium of the host. The location of the RGD motifs of cardosin A and Saps 4‐6 are on the opposite ends of the homologous three‐dimensional structures, suggesting that the Trojan Horse mechanism is insensitive to the RGD position. Current finding also suggests that cardosin A may have a defensive function against the ingestion of cardoon flowers by human, insects, and other herbivores.
Binding characterization of N‐(2‐chloro‐5‐thiomethylphenyl)‐N′‐(3‐[3H]3methoxy phenyl)‐N′‐methylguanidine ([3H]GMOM), a non‐competitive N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist
Authors: Metaxas Athanasios , van Berckel Bart N. M. , Klein Pieter J. , Verbeek Joost , Nash Emily C. , Kooijman Esther J. M. , Renjaän Véronique A. , Golla Sandeep S. V. , Boellaard Ronald , Christiaans Johannes A. M. , Windhorst Albert D. , Leysen Josée E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLabeled with carbon‐11, N‐(2‐chloro‐5‐thiomethylphenyl)‐N′‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)‐N′‐methylguanidine ([11C]GMOM) is currently the only positron emission tomography (PET) tracer that has shown selectivity for the ion‐channel site of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors in human imaging studies. The present study reports on the selectivity profile and in vitro binding properties of GMOM. The compound was screened on a panel of 80 targets, and labeled with tritium ([3H]GMOM). The binding properties of [3H]GMOM were compared to those of the reference ion‐channel ligand [3H](+)‐dizocilpine maleate ([3H]MK‐801), in a set of concentration‐response, homologous and heterologous inhibition, and association kinetics assays, performed with repeatedly washed rat forebrain preparations. GMOM was at least 70‐fold more selective for NMDA receptors compared to all other targets examined. In homologous inhibition and concentration‐response assays, the binding of [3H]GMOM was regulated by NMDA receptor agonists, albeit in a less prominent manner compared to [3H]MK‐801. Scatchard transformation of homologous inhibition data produced concave upward curves for [3H]GMOM and [3H]MK‐801. The radioligands showed bi‐exponential association kinetics in the presence of 100 μmol L−1 l‐glutamate/30 μmol L−1 glycine. [3H]GMOM (3 nmol L−1 and 10 nmol L−1) was inhibited with dual affinity by (+)‐MK‐801, (R,S)‐ketamine and memantine, in both presence and absence of agonists. [3H]MK‐801 (2 nmol L−1) was inhibited in a monophasic manner by GMOM under baseline and combined agonist conditions, with an IC50 value of ~19 nmol L−1. The non‐linear Scatchard plots, biphasic inhibition by open channel blockers, and bi‐exponential kinetics of [3H]GMOM indicate a complex mechanism of interaction with the NMDA receptor ionophore. The implications for quantifying the PET signal of [11C]GMOM are discussed.
Selectivity of novel and traditional insecticides used for management of whiteflies on the parasitoid Encarsia formosa
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Dai Peng , Yang Xiangbing , Ruan Chang‐Chun , Biondi Antonio , Desneux Nicolas , Zang Lian‐Sheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEncarsia formosa Gahan is the most important parasitoid exploited for the control of whitefly pests of vegetable crops. However, the non‐target effects of recently developed insecticides for controlling whiteflies toward this biocontrol agent is little documented. Here we evaluated the susceptibility of E. formosa adults and juveniles to eight commonly used insecticides against whiteflies.RESULTSResidual toxicity tests on glass showed that E. formosa adults were susceptible (over 98% mortality after 6 h treated) to field concentrations of the tested neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram and thiamethoxam), abamectin, cyantraniliprole, and sulfoxaflor at their field concentrations. Pyriproxyfen was harmless to both adult and pupae of E. formosa. A risk quotient analysis showed that toxicity of pyriproxyfen to E. formosa adults was the lowest, followed by acetamiprid and cyantraniliprole. In the leaf residues test, mortality of E. formosa adults under all insecticides decreased when the residue age increased. Interestingly, E. formosa experiencing contact with the residues of most insecticides, except pyriproxyfen and abamectin, parasitized significantly more hosts 5‐days after treatment, suggesting a hormetic effect on parasitism.CONCLUSIONThe risk assessment of insecticides indicated that pyriproxyfen and cyantraniliprole were the least toxic to E. formosa. Our results suggest that the inclusion of the insecticides in sustainable integrated pest management programs of whiteflies should be carefully evaluated on a case‐by‐case basis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of potential effects and detection efficacy of a fluorescent marking system on a medically important hard tick,Haemaphysalis longicornis(Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Kim Joo‐Young , Kho Jung‐Wook , Jung Minhyung , Lee Doo‐Hyung 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthoughHaemaphysalis longicornis(Acari: Ixodidae) is an important disease vector, its small size restricts the tracking methods applicable. Recently, fluorescent marking as a conventional detection method for small arthropods has been improved by combining it with an ultraviolet laser. We examined the application potential of this new fluorescent marking system (FMS) for trackingH. longicornisby evaluating the effect of fluorescent marking on the ticks and detection efficacy.RESULTSUnder laboratory conditions, fluorescent marking did not significantly affect the survivorship, movement patterns, and CO2response ofH. longicornisat all three developmental stages. Fluorescent‐marked individuals could be detected at distances ranging from 12 to 29 m under dark, increasing with the body size. Finally, in grassland, >90% of fluorescent‐marked individuals were retrieved at night regardless of developmental stage. However, the overall detection rate (<42%) was substantially reduced during the day.CONCLUSIOINOur results show that FMS can reliably detectH. longicornisat night. Nevertheless, fluorescent‐marked individuals are not as conspicuous under sunlight when they are illuminated with ultraviolet lasers, limiting the use of FMS during the day. Therefore, the development of an alternative tracking method is warranted for an effective detection of ticks during the day. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Classifying the nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer into temperature and flow regimes
Authors: Pfister Lena , Lapo Karl , Sayde Chadi , Selker John , Mahrt Larry , Thomas Christoph K. 
Published: February 2019

We propose a classification scheme for nocturnal atmospheric boundary layers and apply it to investigate the spatio‐temporal structure of air temperature and wind speed in a shallow valley during the Shallow Cold Pool Experiment. This field campaign was the first to collect spatially continuous temperature and wind information at high resolution (1 s, 0.25 m) using the distributed temperature sensing technique across a 220 m long transect at three heights (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 m). The night‐time classification scheme was motivated by a surface energy balance and used a combination of static stability, wind regime and longwave radiative forcing as quantities to determine physically meaningful boundary‐layer regimes. Out of all potential combinations of these three quantities, 14 night‐time classes contained observations, of which we selected three for detailed analysis and comparison.The three classes represent a transition from mechanical to radiative forcing. The first night class represents conditions with strong dynamic forcing caused by locally induced lee turbulence dominating near‐surface temperatures across the shallow valley. The second night class was a concurrence of enhanced dynamic mixing due to significant winds at the valley shoulders and cold‐air pooling at the bottom of the shallow valley as a result of strong radiative cooling. The third night class was characteristic of weak winds eliminating the impact of mechanical mixing but emphasizing the formation and pooling of cold air at the valley bottom.The proposed night‐time classification scheme was found to sort the experimental data into physically meaningful regimes of surface flow and transport. It is suitable to stratify short‐ and long‐term experimental data for ensemble averaging and to identify case studies.
Re‐weighted random series path integral simulations of molecular clusters: Applications to lithium solvated by a mixed Stockmayer cluster
Authors: Hyers Matthew J. , Fodor Alex M. , Bierwisch Dominic K. , Curotto Emanuele 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNuclear quantum effects in finite temperature simulations of molecular clusters are determined by taking advantage of a recently developed method based on the Feynman Path Integral. The structural and thermodynamic properties, including the nuclear quantum effects are determined for three Stockmayer clusters. The ionic system contain a lithium ion solvated by six strong dipoles and 12 weaker ones. The presence of the ion in the mixed Stockmayer cluster drastically enhances the fluxional nature of the less polar components which occupy the second solvation layer, whereas the neutral counterpart has the effect of reducing it. The nuclear quantum effects are significant at room temperature and above for the solvated ionic system. These are attributable to two factors: (a) the lightness of the lithium ion and (b) the stiffness of the ion‐dipole interactions. At 300 K, the difference between the fully converged quantum and the classical heat capacities is about 1.3 KB for the ionic cluster. This difference is about 10 SDs obtained from 95% confidence estimates of the statistical fluctuations. Cubic convergence is confirmed for temperatures as low as 50 K by regression analysis. The nuclear quantum effects do not change the peak melting temperature of the cluster.
Multiple isotope tracers in fur keratin discriminate between mothers and offspring
Authors: Kravchenko Kseniia A. , Lehnert Linn S. , Vlaschenko Anton S. , Voigt Christian C. 
Published: February 2019

RationaleIsoscape origin models for mammals may be impaired by fractionation and routing of isotopes during lactation. Here, we tested if the stable carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen ratios of juvenile bats differ from those of their mothers and if derived isotopic dietary niches and geographical assignments vary accordingly between mothers and juveniles.MethodsDuring the post‐lactation period, we collected fur of juvenile and female common noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) from the same maternity roost. Using a combination of elemental analysis and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry, we measured the hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in fur keratin. The hydrogen isotope ratios were measured for the non‐exchangeable portion of hydrogen in keratin. The derived isotopic niches and isoscape origin models were compared between mothers and juveniles.ResultsThe fur keratin of juveniles was enriched by 1.6‰ in 15N and depleted by 2.9‰ in 13C compared with that of the mothers. In addition, the hydrogen isotope ratios were 13.4‰ lower in the fur keratin of juveniles than in that of mothers. The estimated isotopic niches of nursing females and juveniles were not overlapping and differed in size. Overall, the isoscape origin models projected juveniles as being from a more northern origin than the mothers; yet both models suggested the study site as a likely place of origin.ConclusionsOur results suggest that isotope ratio data of juvenile bats should not be used for transfer functions in isoscape origin models because of isotopic routing and discrimination during lactation. Not accounting for age effects may increase the inaccuracy of geographical assignments in mammals when based on stable hydrogen isotopes.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 Attenuates Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Bone Loss
Authors: Wang Jesse F. , Lee Ming-Song , Tsai Tsung-Lin , Leiferman Ellen M. , Trask Darrin J. , Squire Matthew W. , Li Wan-Ju 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) often suffer from osteopenia or osteoporosis. Although most agree that T1DM-induced hyperglycemia is a risk factor for progressive bone loss, the mechanisms for the link between T1DM and bone loss still remain elusive. In this study, we found that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) isolated from T1DM donors were less inducible for osteogenesis than those from non-T1DM donors and further identified a mechanism involving bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP6) that was produced significantly less in BMSCs derived from T1DM donors than that in control cells. With addition of exogenous BMP6 in culture, osteogenesis of BMSCs from T1DM donors was restored whereas the treatment of BMP6 seemed not to affect non-T1DM control cells. We also demonstrated that bone mineral density (BMD) was reduced in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice compared with that in control animals, and intraperitoneal injection of BMP6 mitigated bone loss and increased BMD in diabetic mice. Our results suggest that bone formation in T1DM patients is impaired by reduction of endogenous BMP6, and supplementation of BMP6 enhances osteogenesis of BMSCs to restore BMD in a mouse model of T1DM, which provides insight into the development of clinical treatments for T1DM-assocaited bone loss. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:522–534