bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Controlling the Reactivity of Enzymes in Mechanochemistry: Inert Surfaces Protect β‐Glucosidase Activity During Ball Milling
Authors: Hammerer Fabien , Ostadjoo Shaghayegh , Friščić Tomislav , Auclair Karine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe activity of β‐glucosidases—the enzymes responsible for the final step in the enzymatic conversion of cellulose to glucose—can be maintained and manipulated under mechanochemical conditions in the absence of bulk solvent, either through an unexpected stabilization effect of inert surfaces, or by altering the enzymatic equilibrium. The reported results illustrate unique aspects of mechanoenzymatic reactions that are not observable in conventional aqueous solutions. They also represent the first reported strategies to enhance activity and favor either direction of the reaction under mechanochemical conditions.
Outcomes of the first 50 patients with abnormally invasive placenta managed using the “Triple P Procedure” conservative surgical approach
Authors: Pinas‐Carrillo Ana , Bhide Amarnath , Moore Jessica , Hartopp Richard , Belli Anna‐Maria , Arulkumaran Sabaratnam , Thilaganathan Baskaran , Chandraharan Edwin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine maternal outcomes for women with abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) managed using the Triple P Procedure and establish its safety as a conservative surgical management option.MethodsA retrospective study of the outcomes of the first 50 patients who underwent the Triple P Procedure for AIP from September 2010 to May 2017 at St George's Maternity Unit. Maternity case notes and the database were reviewed to determine the volume of bleeding, procedure‐related complications, hysterectomy rate, and postoperative hospitalization.ResultsMean operative blood loss was 2318 mL (range, 400–7300 mL and the incidence of bladder and ureteric injuries was 2% (n=1) and 0%, respectively. Median length of hospital stay was 4 days (range, 2–8 days). Three women (6.0%) developed arterial thrombosis without any long‐term complications and none of the patients required peripartum hysterectomy.ConclusionThe Triple P Procedure should be considered as a conservative, less risky alternative to a peripartum hysterectomy during counselling prior to surgery for women with AIP.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of eriocitrin against the dextran sulfate sodium–induced experimental colitis in murine model
Authors: Guo Gang , Shi Wen , Shi Feiyu , Gong Wenqing , Li Fanni , Zhou Guangju , She Junjun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a continual ailment condition which engrosses the entire alimentary canal. The IBD can be primarily distinguished into two forms, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. The major symptoms of IBD include pustules or abscesses, severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, fistula, and stenosis, which may directly affect the patient's quality of life. A variety of mediators can stimulate the circumstances of IBD, some examples include infections by microbes such as bacteria, perturbation of the immune system and the surrounding environment of the intestines. Severe colitis was stimulated in the experimental animals through administering 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) which is mixed in water ad libitum for 6 days. Eriocitrin (30 mg/kg) was then administered to the experimental animals followed by the induction of severe colitis to evaluate the therapeutic prospective of eriocitrin against the colon inflammation stimulated by DSS. In this study, eriocitrin (30 mg/kg) demonstrated significant (P < .05) attenuation activity against the DSS‐stimulated severe colitis in experimental animals. Eriocitrin counteracted all of the clinical deleterious effects induced by DSS, such as body‐weight loss, colon shortening, histopathological injury, accretion of infiltrated inflammatory cells at the inflamed region and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The results clearly showed that eriocitrin effectively attenuated DSS‐induced acute colitis in experimental animals.
Bilobalide alleviates IL‐17‐induced inflammatory injury in ATDC5 cells by downregulation of microRNA‐125a
Authors: Mao Dongmei , Li Hong , Zhang Lei , Xu Jian , Yu Chunyan , Zhang Qi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a high disability and greatly destructive disease. In this study, we preliminarily studied the function and mechanism of bilobalide (BIL) on interleukin (IL)‐17‐induced inflammatory injury in ATDC5 cells. CCK‐8 and migration assays were used to detect the functions of IL‐7, BIL, and microRNA (miR)‐125a on cell viability and migration. The miR‐125a level was changed by transfection, and tested by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, Western blot tested the levels of inflammatory factors (IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and pathway‐related proteins. Moreover, the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay also was used to detect inflammatory factor levels. IL‐7 was used to construct an inflammatory injury model in ATDC5 cells. Based on this, BIL inhibited IL‐17‐induced cell viability, migration, and expressions of inflammatory factors and MMPs. Furthermore, we found BIL negatively regulated miR‐125a, and the miR‐125a mimic could partly reverse the effects of BIL on IL‐17‐injury. Finally, we showed that BIL inhibited the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathways, and the miR‐125a mimic had the opposite effect. BIL inhibited IL‐17‐induced inflammatory injury in ATDC5 cells by downregulation of miR‐125a via JNK and NF‐κB signaling pathways.
Progressive Dominant Hearing Loss (Autosomal Dominant Deafness‐41) and P2RX2 Gene Mutations: A Phenotype–Genotype Study
Authors: Liu Xue Zhong , Yan Denise , Mittal Rahul , Ballard Megan E. , Feng Yong 
Published: October 2019

Objectives/HypothesisP2RX2 encoding P2X purinoreceptor 2 has been identified as the gene responsible for autosomal dominant deafness‐41 (DFNA41) as well as mediating vulnerability to noise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL). The objective of this study was to investigate the audiological and molecular characteristics of P2RX2‐related deafness, with emphasis on its role in NIHL by determining the audiological characteristics of a previously reported six‐generation DFNA41 family with a 10‐year follow‐up. We have also summarized phenotype–genotype correlations of P2RX2‐related deafness in human and mouse models.Study DesignWe describe clinical longitudinal follow‐up in the DFNA41 family with P2RX2 (p.Val60Leu) mutation and perform a systematic literature search in PubMed and poster presentations on meeting/conference websites to identify current insights into P2RX2‐mediated NIHL.MethodsClinical and physical examinations of the family members were performed, and audiograms were obtained to assess the hearing thresholds. Clinical follow‐up features in this DFNA41 family are presented along with correlation analyses of phenotype–genotype in all reported families with P2RX2‐related deafness.ResultsProgressive hearing impairment was confirmed by history and by audiological follow‐up testing in all the patients. The onset of hearing loss was between age 25 and 35 years. All affected subjects had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss involving all frequencies with some significant gender differences.ConclusionsOur study and the review of the literature suggest that P2RX2 plays a crucial role in predisposition to noise‐induced and age‐related hearing loss. A better knowledge about the P2RX2‐associated genetic variants can help in developing novel therapeutic strategies.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 130:1657–1663, 2020
Localized B0 shimming based on 23Na MRI at 7 T
Authors: Gast Lena V. , Henning Anke , Hensel Bernhard , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin M. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo validate the feasibility of localized B0 shimming based on B0 maps acquired with sodium (23Na) MRI.MethodsA localized B0 shimming routine based on a constrained regularized algorithm in combination with 23Na MRI data acquired with a 3D density‐adapted radial readout scheme was implemented on a 7T MR system. Measurements were performed using a dual‐tuned 23Na/1H head coil. The quality of B0 maps reconstructed from 23Na images and the resulting shim values was examined depending on the acquisition duration between 10 minutes and 15 seconds to examine clinical applicability. The B0 shimming based on 23Na B0 maps was performed both for phantom and human head of 6 healthy volunteers, and the resulting B0 homogeneity was compared with the vendor‐provided 1H MRI–based gradient‐echo brain shimming routine.ResultsThe proposed 23Na MRI–based shimming routine showed a reduction in B0 variation comparable to the vendor‐provided shim both in phantom and in vivo measurements. Within the examined multicompartment phantom, the B0 variations could be reduced by up to 77% using the 23Na MRI–based shim. In human head, B0 variations were reduced by approximately 50% using an acquisition time of 15 seconds for the 23Na B0 maps and only 1 iteration of B0 shimming.ConclusionThe 23Na MRI–based localized B0 shimming is possible at 7 T within clinically acceptable acquisition durations (< 1 minute). It was shown that using the proposed 23Na MRI–based shimming approach, the 23Na image quality at ultrahigh field strength can be strongly improved.
The temperature dependence of gradient system response characteristics
Authors: Stich Manuel , Pfaff Christiane , Wech Tobias , Slawig Anne , Ruyters Gudrun , Dewdney Andrew , Ringler Ralf , Köstler Herbert 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe gradient system transfer function (GSTF) characterizes the frequency transfer behavior of a dynamic gradient system and can be used to correct non‐Cartesian k‐space trajectories. This study analyzes the impact of the gradient coil temperature of a 3T scanner on the GSTF.MethodsGSTF self‐ and B0‐cross‐terms were acquired for a 3T Siemens scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) using a phantom‐based measurement technique. The GSTF terms were measured for various temperature states up to 45°C. The gradient coil temperatures were measured continuously utilizing 12 temperature sensors which are integrated by the vendor. Different modeling approaches were applied and compared.ResultsThe self‐terms depend linearly on temperature, whereas the B0‐cross‐term does not. Effects induced by thermal variation are negligible for the phase response. The self‐terms are best represented by a linear model including the three gradient coil sensors that showed the maximum temperature dependence for the three axes. The use of time derivatives of the temperature did not lead to an improvement of the model. The B0‐cross‐terms can be modeled by a convolution model which considers coil‐specific heat transportation.ConclusionThe temperature dependency of the GSTF was analyzed for a 3T Siemens scanner. The self‐ and B0‐cross‐terms can be modeled using a linear and convolution modeling approach based on the three main temperature sensor elements.
Multi‐shot diffusion‐weighted MRI reconstruction with magnitude‐based spatial‐angular locally low‐rank regularization (SPA‐LLR)
Authors: Hu Yuxin , Wang Xiaole , Tian Qiyuan , Yang Grant , Daniel Bruce , McNab Jennifer , Hargreaves Brian 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo resolve the motion‐induced phase variations in multi‐shot multi‐direction diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) by applying regularization to magnitude images.Theory and MethodsA nonlinear model was developed to estimate phase and magnitude images separately. A locally low‐rank regularization (LLR) term was applied to the magnitude images from all diffusion‐encoding directions to exploit the spatial and angular correlation. In vivo experiments with different resolutions and b‐values were performed to validate the proposed method.ResultsThe proposed method significantly reduces the noise level compared to the conventional reconstruction method and achieves submillimeter (0.8mm and 0.9mm isotropic resolutions) DWI with a b‐value of 1,000 and 1‐mm isotropic DWI with a b‐value of 2,000 without modification of the sequence.ConclusionsA joint reconstruction method with spatial‐angular LLR regularization on magnitude images substantially improves multi‐direction DWI reconstruction, simultaneously removes motion‐induced phase artifacts, and denoises images.
An energetically consistent heat input model for additive manufacturing
Authors: Burkhardt Christian , Soldner Dominic , Steinmann Paul , Mergheim Julia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing offers the ability to design parts more freely and to realize complex geometries that would not have been manufacturable with conventional processes. In powder bed‐based beam melting processes parts are build in a layer‐by‐layer fashion by selectively melting the powder material to generate the part. The energy input of the laser beam and the temperature distribution during the process strongly influence the quality of the produced part and can be studied by means of macroscopic thermal simulations. Due to the non‐linearity of the material behaviour and the diverging time and length scales huge computational costs arise. In the present contribution a temporal integration of the heat input model is used to allow for larger time step sizes. In order to reduce the errors due to the spatial discretization in the heat affected zone, a correction term is introduced, rendering an energetically consistent heat input. A numerical example shows the success of this strategy.
Gingyogedokusan versus oseltamivir for the treatment of influenza: Bayesian inference using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method with prior pilot study data
Authors: Iwata Kentaro , Nishimoto Takashi , Higasa Kumi , Usuki Seiichiro , Miyakoshi Chisato 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTAimGingyogedokusan (GGGS) is a herbal medicine approved for upper respiratory infections in Japan, and could be utilized for the treatment of influenza. We conducted a multi‐center, prospective trial, comparing GGGS against oseltamivir in patients with influenza, but failed to include enough participants for conventional analysis. We further conducted a Bayesian analysis, however, using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, by utilizing our original data.MethodsWe used our data from 2010 and 2011, which compared GGGS and oseltamivir. A total of 10 patients were diagnosed with influenza and enrolled in the study (six for GGGS and four for oseltamivir). We conducted MCMC to elucidate posterior distributions for outcomes. Outcomes were time to alleviation of symptoms, time to recovery of activity level, time to recovery of health status, and time to resolution of fever.ResultsCalculated mean time to alleviate symptoms was 3.99 days for GGGS, while it was 5.66 days in the oseltamivir group (difference of 1.66 days, 95% credible interval: −3.64 to 6.46). The posterior probability of the mean time for the oseltamivir group being longer than that for the GGGS group was 69%. Likewise, that probability was 81% for recovery of activity level, 86% for health status, and 24%, for fever resolution.ConclusionAccording to Bayesian analysis, GGGS appears to have superiority over oseltamivir in resolving symptoms, although fever may resolve earlier with oseltamivir use. This is a proof of concept study, to encourage further research into the efficacy of GGGS for the treatment of influenza.
Narrating Change, Voicing Values, and Co-constructing Visions for Intercultural Music Teacher Education
Authors: Miettinen Laura , Westerlund Heidi , Gluschankof Claudia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResearchers have suggested that higher education institutions need to be re-thought as ‘imagining universities’ that continually engage in re-imagining themselves, in order to be able to justify their own existence in a fast-changing world. It can be expected that music teacher education programs, as part of higher education, would benefit from envisioning their shared future from the same starting point. This chapter presents the second-stage inquiry of “Co-creating visions for intercultural music teacher education in Finland and Israel,” an ongoing collaborative research project between the Sibelius Academy of the University of the Arts Helsinki and the Levinsky College of Education in Israel. The study is based on the constructionist pre-understanding that music teacher education programs ought to be developed by conversations and collective reflections, and that it is through these reflections that we narrate change. As an overall methodological framework, the study draws from Appreciative Inquiry (AI), emphasizing the positive as the basis from which to envision together what the future of intercultural music teacher education would look like. The data was collected through four workshop discussions, two at each site, totaling 24 participating teacher educators. The forward-looking themes of these second-stage discussions were developed from the groundwork of the first-stage focus group interview inquiry that mapped the present situation. This study suggests that there is an increasing need to create spaces where music teacher candidates and music teacher educators creatively face uncertainty rather than security, and where risk-taking can be encouraged and practiced safely. There is also a need to increase flexibility and openness, and to continue working more collaboratively within the institutions.
Epilogue: Music Teacher Education Engaging with the Politics of Diversity
Authors: Westerlund Heidi , Karlsen Sidsel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis book is published at a time of intensified social change, which is also reflected in a new epoch of music education professionalism. The need to address the dynamics of diversity is acute in many countries, not only those that struggle with the so-called migrant crisis and the often-accompanying xenophobia, populism and social disharmony. As the Spanish sociologist Manuel Castells (2010) points out, the increasing diversity of societies does not only enrich cultures, but may also hold the potential to fuel fundamentalism, radicalization and polarization. As a response, UNESCO highlights that these new challenges of “intolerance, prejudice and misunderstanding, social fragmentation, violent extremism” are “not a matter for governments alone, but for all segments of society, including universities, civil society and the private sector” (Mansouri 2017, 3). According to Castells, the sources of legitimizing identities that the nation-state once promoted are now drained away and the very concept of nation-state is called into question. Consequently, he sees the notion of political democracy, central to nationhood, to be in crisis. UNESCO therefore calls for intercultural dialogue to enhance learning to live together (Mansouri 2017), and the European Union urges its member-states to establish visions and policies that foster intercultural co-existence, collaboration and education to help in the complex and challenging work of building a common ground for the future (Vision Europe Summit 2016).
Policy, Interculturality and the Potential of Core Practices in Music Teacher Education
Authors: Schmidt Patrick , Abramo Joseph 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides examples of current and promising practices in intercultural music teacher education, while highlighting how policy thinking can help construct empowering conditions and experiences. In contrast to current policy environments, where music educators are seen as the target of policy, we situate music educators as teacher-as-policy-maker as a guiding image for teacher preparation that need not and should not mean a distancing from practice. In this conception, music teachers are the generators of policies with others. In this chapter, we address how research in teacher-education core practices can be aligned with and facilitate learning about policy enactment in preservice music education. We demonstrate how core practices, as a pedagogical approach, identify learning how to teach as a “high leverage” practice to be developed. We end the chapter by articulating some core practices in intercultural teaching and policy that music teacher educators might implement to help preservice teachers develop, practice, and enact their own practices.
The Discomfort of Intercultural Learning in Music Teacher Education
Authors: Kallio Alexis A. , Westerlund Heidi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecognizing and ethically engaging with the inherent diversity of music education contexts demands a continuous interrogation of the norms and values underpinning policy and practice in music teacher education. In doing so, teachers and students in higher education are challenged to question why and how students are socialized into particular music education systems, traditions, or perspectives and to consider alternatives. In this chapter, we explore such reflexive processes, employing a theoretical reading analysis through Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, and doxa. The data consists of group reflections and interviews with student-teachers that the authors conducted as part of an intercultural arts education project between Finnish masters students and two Cambodian NGOs. Based on our analysis, we argue that stepping outside of one’s cultural, musical, and pedagogical comfort zone is a necessary component of constructing and (re)negotiating teacher visions in music teacher education. However, this renegotiation may be discomforting for student-teachers, unsettling deep-seated visions of what good music education is and ought to be – the taken-for-granted doxa of music teaching and learning. Therefore, for music-teacher education to become transformative and reflexive, there is a need for such educational experiences that engage with processes that are related to the art of living with difference.
The Reinvented Music Teacher-Researcher in the Making: Conducting Educational Development Through Intercultural Collaboration
Authors: Timonen Vilma , Houmann Anna , Sæther Eva 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMusic educators working in cross-cultural contexts are faced with both challenges and possibilities, often finding themselves in need of multidimensional re-invention. This chapter focuses on teacher-researchers, contextualising them within the frame of institutional change and intercultural music teacher education. Taking an active role in educational development and regenerating usual patterns of action in music-education institutions sets various challenges as well as opportunities for the teacher-researchers involved. In this chapter we reflect on experiences through two intercultural collaborations: (1) Global Visions Through Mobilizing Networks: Co-Developing Intercultural Music Teacher Education in Finland, Israel and Nepal (a research sub-project in Nepal), and (2) A collaboration between Malmö Academy of Music and Vietnam National Academy of Music under a project Supporting Vietnamese Culture for Sustainable Development. We reflect on these processes through core concepts of affective actions and micropolitics. Our aim is to contribute to knowledge building in the field of sustainable institutional change aiming for globally appropriate music teacher education.