bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A byproduct of uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis) processing as a natural source for coloring sugar hard‐panning confections
Authors: de Avelar Matheus H. M. , da Silva Lidiane B. , de Azevedo Fábio B. , Efraim Priscilla 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDue to the increased demand for healthier confectionery products and the great importance of finding environmentally appropriate destinations for fruit processing byproducts, this study evaluated the performance of a Brazilian fruit (uvaia, Eugenia pyriformis) byproduct in coloring sugar hard‐panning confections compared to synthetic caramel color and a natural fruit/plant‐based concentrate. The obtained products were characterized according to their sensory acceptance, instrumental texture and color, water activity, moisture content, glass transition temperature, and sorption isotherm. A strong influence of the coloring agents was observed on the coatings' physical and chemical parameters. Comparatively, the uvaia byproduct induced a significant increase in the hardness and glass transition temperature of the confection, which may result in better stability concerning the maintenance of crunchiness. A sensory preference for naturally colored confections compared to a synthetically colored confection was observed. The uvaia byproduct presents technological potential as a sustainable coloring agent with low cost for confections.Practical applicationsPanned products account for a considerable portion of the total confectionery volume consumed worldwide. The inclusion of fruit processing byproducts in panned confections, specifically for the uvaia byproduct, is presented as a viable alternative for the natural coloring of a confectionery using a sustainable and low‐cost ingredient. The methodology developed in this study has the potential to replace the conventional coloring additive for hard sugar‐panned confectionery products, and it may be applicable in several types of confectionery products. The use of fruit byproducts with ability to impact color to the coating of panned confections may allow the removal of synthetic color additives, reducing the consumption of artificially colored products, and the occurrence of adverse reactions in consumer health.
The role of personality in retirement adjustment: Longitudinal evidence for the effects on life satisfaction
Authors: Hansson Isabelle , Henning Georg , Buratti Sandra , Lindwall Magnus , Kivi Marie , Johansson Boo , Berg Anne Ingeborg 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveResearch on retirement suggests that personality can influence the adjustment process, but the mechanisms involved remain still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigate direct and indirect associations between the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction over the retirement transition. Indirect effects were evaluated through the role of personality for levels and changes in self‐esteem, autonomy, social support, self‐rated physical health, self‐rated cognitive ability, and financial satisfaction.MethodOur sample consisted of 796 older adults (age 60–66) and four annual measurement waves from the longitudinal population‐based HEalth, Ageing, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study, including individuals retiring during the study period.ResultsResults from multivariate latent growth curve analysis revealed multiple indirect associations between personality and life satisfaction. Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were positively related to life satisfaction through higher levels of self‐esteem, autonomy, and social support. Neuroticism was negatively associated with life satisfaction through lower levels of self‐esteem and lower levels and negative changes in autonomy and social support.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that retirees with higher levels of Neuroticism are more vulnerable in the transition process and they are also more likely to experience adjustment problems resulting from negative changes in key resources.
The Escherichia coli MarA protein regulates the ycgZ‐ymgABC operon to inhibit biofilm formation
Authors: Kettles Rachel A. , Tschowri Natalia , Lyons Kevin J. , Sharma Prateek , Hengge Regine , Webber Mark A. , Grainger David C. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe Escherichia coli marRAB operon is a paradigm for chromosomally encoded antibiotic resistance. The operon exerts its effect via an encoded transcription factor called MarA that modulates efflux pump and porin expression. In this work, we show that MarA is also a regulator of biofilm formation. Control is mediated by binding of MarA to the intergenic region upstream of the ycgZ‐ymgABC operon. The operon, known to influence the formation of curli fibres and colanic acid, is usually expressed during periods of starvation. Hence, the ycgZ‐ymgABC promoter is recognised by σ38 (RpoS)‐associated RNA polymerase (RNAP). Surprisingly, MarA does not influence σ38‐dependent transcription. Instead, MarA drives transcription by the housekeeping σ70‐associated RNAP. The effects of MarA on ycgZ‐ymgABC expression are coupled with biofilm formation by the rcsCDB phosphorelay system, with YcgZ, YmgA and YmgB forming a complex that directly interacts with the histidine kinase domain of RcsC.
Colonic mast cell numbers, symptom profile, and mucosal expression of elements of the epithelial barrier in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Sundin Johanna , Nordlander Sofia , Eutamene Helene , Alquier‐Bacquie Valerie , Cartier Christel , Theodorou Vassilia , Le Nevé Boris , Törnblom Hans , Simrén Magnus , Öhman Lena 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine whether patients with IBS displayed altered mucosal mast cell (MC) numbers and proportions of MCs co‐localizing with nerves compared with healthy subjects (HS) and whether these MC characteristics correlated with IBS symptoms, elements of the epithelial barrier, or visceral sensitivity.MethodsMucosal MC characteristics were determined using immunoassay. IBS symptoms, gene expression of elements of the epithelial barrier, fecal serine protease activity, and visceral sensitivity were assessed.Key ResultsThe MC numbers per mm2 were 2.0 (0.0‐6.0) in patients with IBS (n = 43) and 3.5 (1.1‐9.1) in HS (n = 20, P = .26). Of these, MCs were 0.0 (0.0‐20) % vs 3.1 (0.0‐18) % (P = .76) in IBS and HS, respectively, in co‐localization with nerve fibers. MC characteristics were equivalent in the different IBS subtypes. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified two distinct groups among patients with IBS: MC high (higher MC numbers and proportions of MCs co‐localizing with nerves) and MC low (lower MC numbers and proportions of MCs co‐localizing with nerves). The MC high and MC low groups could not be discriminated with regard to IBS symptoms, parameters of visceral sensitivity, gene expression of elements of the epithelial barrier, and fecal protease activity.Conclusion and InferencesThere was no evidence of increased infiltration or altered localization of MCs in the colonic mucosa of patients with IBS. These MC characteristics were not linked to global IBS symptoms or mucosal expression of elements of the epithelial barrier. These findings indicate that quantity and location of mucosal MCs are factors not involved in the pathophysiology of IBS.
Nurses’ experiences of delivering acute orthopaedic care to patients with dementia
Authors: Jensen Anders Møller , Pedersen Birthe D. , Wilson Rhonda L. , Bang Olsen Rolf , Hounsgaard Lise 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundNurses who care for acute patients with dementia in a hospital setting report a variety of challenges in regard to meeting the complex needs of their patients. In particular, known barriers to optimal care include a lack of knowledge about dementia, lack of dementia‐friendly acute clinical environments, lack of time to care for the individual patient and a prioritised focus on the medical issues that triggered the hospitalisation. Research to date has not specifically focused on nurses’ experiences of caring for people with dementia in orthopaedic wards.AimThis study investigates nurses’ experiences of caring for people with dementia, in an acute orthopaedic hospital ward setting.DesignQualitative interviews.MethodsThis qualitative study employs hermeneutic phenomenological research methods. Eight Danish nurses were interviewed in an orthopaedic ward about their experiences in caring for orthopaedic patients with dementia. Nurses with various levels of expertise were selected for interview so that a full range of nursing experiences could inform the research study.ResultsThe results of the study revealed two major themes: “Nurse communication and patient information” and “Care compromise”, with three and four sub‐themes, respectively. These findings are used to illustrate how, and why, nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with dementia contribute a discontentment and negative preconceived perception by some nurses towards their acute care of patients with chronic dementia. The results are discussed in the context of Interactional Nursing Practice theory and describe the challenges experienced by acute care orthopaedic nurses who care for patients with dementia.ConclusionOrthopaedic nurses find it challenging and professionally difficult to provide person‐centred care for patients with dementia during an acute orthopaedic hospital admission.Implications for practiceOrthopaedic nurses should work to adopt a positive attitude, and person‐centred approach, towards dementia care. It is also recommended that the electronic patient record should be supplemented by oral dissemination to some extent, as information, plans of action and knowledge about the care situation for patients with dementia has a tendency to drown in chronological data presentation.
Impact of standardized protocols for cytomegalovirus disease prevention in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Ganapathi Lakshmi , Blumenthal Jennifer , Alawdah Laila , Lewis Lynne , Gilarde Jennifer , Jones Sarah , Milliren Carly , Kim Heung Bae , Sharma Tanvi S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnd‐organ disease caused by CMV is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric SOT recipients. Pediatric transplant centers have adopted various approaches for CMV disease prevention in this patient population. We observed significant practice variation in CMV testing, prophylaxis, and surveillance across SOT groups in our center. To address this, we implemented evidence‐based standardized protocols and measured outcomes pre‐ and post‐implementation of these protocols. We performed retrospective chart review for SOT recipients from 2009 to 2014 at Boston Children's Hospital. Using descriptive statistics, we measured practice improvement in provision of appropriate prophylaxis, occurrence of neutropenia and associated complications, and occurrence of CMV DNAemia and CMV disease pre‐ and post‐intervention. The pre‐ and post‐intervention periods included 141 and 109 patients, respectively. With the exception of kidney transplant recipients, provision of appropriate valganciclovir prophylaxis improved across SOT groups post‐intervention (P < .01). Occurrence of >1 episode of neutropenia was greater in the preintervention period (30% vs 10%, P < .001). In both periods, neutropenia was associated with few episodes of invasive infections. The occurrence of CMV disease did not differ and was overall low. However, due to routine surveillance a significantly greater number of asymptomatic CMV DNAemia episodes were identified and treated in the post‐intervention period. Implementation of standardized prevention protocols helped to improve the provision of appropriate prophylaxis to patients at risk for CMV acquisition, increased the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic CMV DNAemia, and decreased episodes of recurrent neutropenia in patients receiving prophylaxis.
Radical moral encroachment: The moral stakes of racist beliefs
Authors: Basu Rima 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHistorical patterns of discrimination seem to present us with conflicts between what morality requires and what we epistemically ought to believe. I will argue that these cases lend support to the following nagging suspicion: that the epistemic standards governing belief are not independent of moral considerations. We can resolve these seeming conflicts by adopting a framework wherein standards of evidence for our beliefs to count as justified can shift according to the moral stakes. On this account, believing a paradigmatically racist belief reflects a failure to not only attend to the epistemic risk of being wrong, but also a failure to attend to the distinctively moral risk of wronging others given what we believe.
Phototherapy achieves significant cost savings by the delay of drug‐based treatment in psoriasis
Authors: Foerster John , Dawe Robert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough used for decades in psoriasis, access to phototherapy is becoming increasingly restricted. Besides patient inconvenience, this is in large part to do with a perception of “high cost.” We previously reported a comprehensive analysis of direct and indirect phototherapy treatment cost. However, no robust data exist on the actual savings associated with providing phototherapy in the treatment pathway.ObjectivesTo quantify the cost savings achieved by phototherapy by delaying alternative treatments.MethodsCosts accruing through the UK‐wide established treatment pathway with and without phototherapy were analysed. Direct and indirectly incurred drug treatment costs were calculated using drug tariff, laboratory cost, estate rates and clinic review costs. To enhance reliability, ranges of cost scenarios were calculated by varying parameters such as drug dosing.ResultsMedium annual cost savings per patient were £2200 [range: £1800‐£2900] for NB‐UVB, and £3700 [range: £2500‐£5300] if both NB‐UVB and PUVA courses were administered, respectively. As the provider treated 656 ± 76 patients per year during the 6‐year observational window, this amounted to savings of £Mio 2.4 [range: £Mio 1.6‐£Mio 3.4], even excluding additional non‐modelled drug‐associated costs (eg diagnostics, adverse event management). Since we only consider cost savings by delay of drug treatment for the duration of phototherapy, drug price reductions through biosimilar introduction only have a small effect. We provide spreadsheets allowing adaptation cost savings projections by varying input variables.ConclusionsHealthcare providers may achieve significant cost savings by implementing and/or widening access to phototherapy.
Self‐compatibility and autonomous selfing of plants in meadow communities
Authors: Bartoš M. , Janeček Š. , Janečková P. , Padyšáková E. , Tropek R. , Götzenberger L. , Klomberg Y. , Jersáková J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

One of the most fundamental, although controversial, questions related to the evolution of plant mating systems is the distribution of outcrossing rates. Self‐compatibility, and especially autonomous self‐pollination, can become particularly beneficial in anthropogenically degraded habitats with impoverished pollinator assemblages and increased pollen limitation.

In a hand‐pollination experiment with 46 meadow plants from the Železné hory Mts., Czech Republic, we evaluated the species' ability to adopt different mating systems. For a subset of the species, we also tested seed germination for inbreeding depression. Subsequently, we analysed relationships between the species' mating systems and 12 floral and life‐history traits.

We found a relatively discrete distribution of the studied species into four groups. Fully and partially self‐incompatible species formed the largest group, followed by self‐compatible non‐selfers and mixed mating species. The germination experiment showed an absence of inbreeding depression in 19 out of 22 examined species. Nectar sugar per flower, nectar sugar per shoot and dichogamy were significant associated with the mating system.

Spontaneous selfing ability and self‐incompatibility in species of the meadow communities had a discrete distribution, conforming to the general distribution of mating and breeding systems in angiosperms. The low frequency of spontaneous selfers and the lack of inbreeding depression at germination suggest the existence of a selection against selfing at the later ontogenetic stages. Some floral traits, such as the level of dichogamy and amount of nectar reward, may strongly impact the balance between selfing and outcrossing rates in the self‐compatible species and thus shape the evolution of mating systems.
Integrative species delimitation in Nearctic ambush bugs (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae): insights from molecules, geometric morphometrics and ecological associations
Authors: Masonick Paul , Weirauch Christiane 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAmbush bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae) are sit‐and‐wait predators of flower‐visiting insects including pollinators. Broad species distribution ranges, intraspecific polymorphism, sexual dimorphism and subtle interspecific differences all contribute to making species delimitation especially difficult in this group, which is used as a model in the study of interactions between sexual dimorphism and sexual selection. Species boundaries among Nearctic ambush bugs in the common and frequently collected erosa species group (11 species, nine subspecies) have therefore remained unclear, resulting in a complex and poorly justified taxonomy. Recent molecular phylogenetic research suggested that several widespread Nearctic species are para‐ or polyphyletic. We here build on this research, integrating geometric morphometrics, molecular species delimitation approaches and host plant association data to provide a comprehensive dataset with respect to both taxon and character sampling with the goal of teasing apart evolutionary lineages of Nearctic Phymata Latreille. Although molecular‐based species delimitation analyses suggested a variety of species hypotheses, probably as a result of striking discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal genes, the combination of these with geometric morphometric data enabled us to confidently delimit several of these problematic taxa. In addition, geometric morphometric analysis of pronotal shape revealed undocumented morphological patterns that appear to be useful in the diagnosis of many of the surveyed taxa. The results from this study provide an objective foundation for the much‐needed taxonomic revision of the most ubiquitous ambush bugs in North America.
Effect of CO2 Dilution on the Laminar Burning Velocities of Premixed Methane/Air Flames at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Duva B. C. , Chance L. E. , Toulson E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
With increased interest in reducing emissions, the staged combustion concept for gas turbine combustors is gaining in popularity. For this work, the effect of CO2 dilution on laminar burning velocities of premixed methane/air flames was investigated at elevated temperature through both experiments and numerical simulations. Validation of the experimental setup and methodology was completed through experimental testing of methane/air mixtures at 1 bar and 298 K. Following validation, high temperature experiments were conducted in an optically accessible constant volume combustion chamber at 1 bar and 473 K. Laminar burning velocities of premixed methane/air flames with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% CO2 dilution were determined using the constant pressure method enabled via schlieren visualization of the spherically propagating flame front. Results show that laminar burning velocities of methane/air mixtures at 1 bar increase by 106–145% with initial temperature increases from 298 K to 473 K. Additions of 5%, 10%, and 15% CO2 dilution at 1 bar and 473 K cause a 30–35%, 51–54%, and 66–68% decrease in the laminar burning velocity, respectively. Numerical results were obtained with CHEMKIN (Kee et al., 1985, “PREMIX: A Fortran Program for Modeling Steady Laminar One-Dimensional Premixed Flames,”) using the GRI-Mech 3.0 (Smith et al., 2019) and the San Diego (“Chemical-Kinetic Mechanisms for Combustion Applications,” San Diego Mechanism Web Page, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (Combustion Research), University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA) mechanisms. It is concluded that the GRI-Mech 3.0 (Smith et al.., 2019) better captures the general overall trend of the experimental laminar flame speeds of methane/air/CO2 mixtures at 1 bar and 473 K. Additionally, the dilution, thermal-diffusion, and chemical effects of CO2 on the laminar burning velocities of methane/air mixtures were investigated numerically by diluting the mixtures with both chemically active and inactive CO2 following the determination of the most important elementary reactions on the burning rate through sensitivity analysis. Finally, it was shown that CO2 dilution suppresses the flame instabilities during combustion, which is attributable to the increase in the burned gas Markstein length (Lb) with the addition of diluent.
Probabilistic Response of a Bladed Disk With Uncertain Geometry
Authors: Carassale Luigi , Cavicchi Andrea , Bruzzone Silvia , Marrè Brunenghi Michela 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGeometric uncertainties in the blade manufacturing process have important consequences in terms of dynamical properties of bladed disks. In this paper, we address the problem of modeling a full bladed disk composed by blades having uncertain geometry. The geometric imperfection of the blades is represented and analyzed according to a procedure previously presented by the authors, based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and the mesh morphing. The dynamical model of the full disk is constructed following the component mode synthesis (CMS) approach. The blade geometry is represented using a probabilistic model constructed from an experimental dataset. The effect of the geometric uncertainties is assessed using a linear uncertainty propagation approach, leading to a procedure that is fast enough to be embedded into a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) loop.
Development of Adaptive Feed-Forward Cancellation With Frequency Estimation Algorithm for Compensation of Periodic Disturbance at Arbitrary Frequency
Authors: Yabui Shota , Inoue Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, an adaptive feed-forward cancellation (AFC) with frequency estimation algorithm has been developed to compensate for periodic disturbance at an arbitrary frequency. Conventional AFC was developed to compensate for periodic disturbance at a fixed frequency and cannot compensate for the disturbance in which the frequency varies in real-time. The proposed method can estimate the frequency of the disturbance in real-time by using the input and output signals of the AFC. It can compensate for the periodic disturbance at an arbitrary frequency. In addition, the stability of the feedback control system with the proposed AFC can be optimized at any frequency based on the vector locus of the open-loop characteristic on the Nyquist diagram. The effectiveness of the proposed AFC was confirmed in experiments compensating for whirling vibration, whose frequency varies in real-time in rotating machinery. The proposed AFC can estimate the frequency of the disturbance automatically and compensate for this adequately.
A Review of Molten Salt Reactor Xenon Analysis Literature
Authors: Price T. J. , Chvala O. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a review of xenon analyses literature related to molten salt reactors (MSRs). A brief primer of reactor xenon theory is presented for fluid fueled reactors. A review of xenon analysis literature is presented for both the work done by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the later work in academia. A review of experimental work is presented. The paper concludes with describing some of the difficulties in establishing a priori xenon models and includes a commentary on the sensitive dependence of the molten salt reactor xenon behavior on the circulating void fraction.