bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of incorporating roasted lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) flour on the physicochemical and sensory attributes of beef sausage
Authors: Leonard William , Hutchings Scott C. , Warner Robyn D. , Fang Zhongxiang 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe effects of incorporating lupin flour on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of beef sausages were explored. Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) flour was roasted, then hydrated to match the moisture content of beef meat. The beef sausage samples were manufactured for six treatments by replacing beef with hydrated lupin flour from 0% to 36% (w/w). Proximate analysis revealed that carbohydrate (dietary fibre) level was increased from 9.62% to 19.31%, whereas fat content was decreased from 11.62% to 7.91%. Inclusion of lupin flour increased the meat emulsion stability (fluid released decreased from 9.35% to 1.53%) and decreased cooking loss from 22.70% to 14.30%. Softer texture and greater adhesiveness were observed in lupin‐incorporated formulations. Sensory evaluation indicated no significant difference between control and 12% lupin‐enriched beef sausage formulation in appearance, aroma, flavour and overall liking, suggesting lupin flour can be added to beef sausage at this level without compromising consumer acceptance.
In vitro antioxidant activity and phenolic profiles of tropical fruit by‐products
Authors: Nguyen Nhat Minh Phuong , Le Thien Trung , Vissenaekens Hanne , Gonzales Gerard Bryan , Van Camp John , Smagghe Guy , Raes Katleen 
Published: January 2019

SummaryPeel and seeds of red‐skinned passion fruit, mango, longan, rambutan, white‐flesh and red‐flesh dragon fruit were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activity, and determination of a detailed profile of phenolic compounds. Rambutan peel and mango seed extracts exhibited the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP values). By using UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS analysis, the profiles of soluble and bound phenolics in the fruit by‐products were obtained. Ellagic acid, geraniin, quercetin hexoside, gallic and galloyshikimic acid were predominant in rambutan peel, whereas, mangiferin, ellagic acid and galloy(di)glucoside were the major phenolic compounds in mango seed. Main phenolic compounds in longan peel were ellagic acid, galloyldiglucoside, and gallic acid, while in dragon fruit peel this was isorhamnetin glycoside, isorhamnetin glucorhamoside. Meanwhile, rutin and quercetin hexoside were predominant in passion fruit peel. These findings contribute significantly to the database of phenolic profiles of by‐products of tropical fruits.
Free radical scavenging activities of phytochemical mixtures and aqueous methanolic extracts recovered from processed coffee leaves
Authors: Chen Xiumin , Kitts David D. , Ji Dayi , Ding Jian 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIt is well known that the choice of extraction solvents greatly affects both phytochemical composition and related bioactivity of plant extract. Herein, we show that coffee leaf extracts derived from 80% methanol have no effect on basal nitric oxide production in Raw 264.7 cells, whereas, a different result was observed with a previous hot water extract. Phytochemical mixtures formulated to contain equivalent amounts of CQAs, mangiferin and rutin know to present in coffee leaves showed a relatively low (3.5–18.5%, TPC; 17.6–31.6%, ABTS; 7.9–13.6%, DPPH; and 8.5–29.7%, ORAC) contribution to antioxidant activities when compared to the coffee leaf extracts. We conclude that the solvent polarity is particularly important to the unique phytochemical mixture recovered, which in turn governs the bioactivity. This study also demonstrated that other phytochemicals in coffee leaves that were not measured in this study are important in assessing total antioxidant activity of this potential plant beverage.
The march of governance and the actualities of failure: the case of economic development twenty years on
Authors: Jones Martin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTwenty years ago, Bob Jessop (1998) published a defining piece on the “rise of governance” and the “risks of failure”, using the example of economic development to frame concerns with the state of capitalism at that time. This charted the rise of governance, outlined key governance practices, and offered preliminary reflections on the nature, forms, and logic of governance failure ‒ given that whilst there are already extensive literatures on market failure and state failure, governance failure required focused concern and thematic analysis. This paper, 20 years post‐Jessop on governance rise and risks, tells the tale of how governance in Britain (and England specifically) has marched on and, building on Jessop, has indeed failed, repeatedly and spectacularly. The paper reveals Jessop's governance dilemmas in action and specifically how the contradictions and crises tendencies of capitalism have both necessitated the use of, and been played out in and through, geographical space. The paper reveals an economic governance landscape of unresolved crises and contradictions, which is linked to problems of state rationality and legitimation, exhibited by the Brexit debacle in Britain.
Is risperidone effective in reducing challenging behaviours in individuals with intellectual disabilities after 1 year or longer use? A placebo‐controlled, randomised, double‐blind discontinuation study
Authors: Ramerman L. , de Kuijper G. , Scheers T. , Vink M. , Vrijmoeth P. , Hoekstra P. J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany people with intellectual disabilities use risperidone long term for the management of challenging behaviours, despite its limited proof of effectiveness and its clear association with adverse events. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ongoing treatment with risperidone in reducing challenging behaviours versus controlled discontinuation on behaviour and health parameters.MethodThis was a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomised discontinuation trial of risperidone. In the discontinuation group, risperidone was gradually replaced by a placebo over 14 weeks, while the control group maintained their existing dosage. Eight weeks after discontinuation, behaviour (as measured by the ‘Aberrant Behavior Checklist’) and health parameters (dyskinesia, akathisia, parkinsonism, weight, waist circumference, sedation and laboratory outcomes) were compared in both groups.ResultsA total of 25 participants were included in the trial, of which 11 were randomised into the discontinuation group and 14 were randomised into the continued treatment group. In the discontinuation group, 82% completely withdrew from risperidone. There was no significant change in irritability, compared with the continuation group, although there was a Group*Time effects on stereotypical behaviour in favour of the continuation group. Significant Group*Time effects were also found for weight, waist, body mass index, prolactin levels and testosterone levels, with beneficial effects for the discontinuation group.ConclusionDiscontinuation of long‐term risperidone for reducing challenging behaviours is possible, without an increase in irritability. Discontinuation of risperidone may have beneficial effects on weight, waist circumference, prolactin levels and testosterone levels. The study suffered from difficulties in achieving the required sample size, which affected study power and generalizability.
Differences in Social Isolation and Its Relationship to Health by Rurality
Authors: Henning‐Smith Carrie , Moscovice Ira , Kozhimannil Katy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeSocial isolation is an urgent threat to public health. Meanwhile, health outcomes across multiple measures are worse in rural areas, where distance to neighbors is often greater and opportunities for social interaction may be scarcer. Still, very little research examines rural‐urban differences in social isolation. This study addresses that gap by examining differences in social isolation by rurality among US older adults.MethodsUsing Wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project data (n = 2,439), we measured differences between urban and rural (micropolitan or noncore) residents across multiple dimensions of social isolation. We also conducted multivariable analysis to assess the associations between rurality, sociodemographic characteristics, and loneliness, overall and by rurality. Finally, we conducted multivariable analysis to assess the association between social isolation and self‐rated health, adjusting for rurality.FindingsCompared to urban residents, rural residents had more social relationships and micropolitan rural residents were more likely to be able to rely on family members (95.8% vs 91.3%, P < .05). Micropolitan rural residents reported lower rates of loneliness than urban residents after adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics (b = –0.32, P < .05), whereas noncore rural, non‐Hispanic black residents had a greater likelihood of reporting loneliness (b = 4.33, P < .001).ConclusionsOverall, noncore and micropolitan rural residents reported less social isolation and more social relationships than urban residents. However, there were differences by race and ethnicity among rural residents in perceived loneliness. Policies and programs to address social isolation should be tailored by geography and should account for within‐rural differences in risk factors.
Testing an hypothesis of hybrid zone movement for toads in France
Authors: van Riemsdijk Isolde , Butlin Roger K. , Wielstra Ben , Arntzen Jan W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHybrid zone movement may result in substantial unidirectional introgression of selectively neutral material from the local to the advancing species, leaving a genetic footprint. This genetic footprint is represented by a trail of asymmetric tails and displaced cline centres in the wake of the moving hybrid zone. A peak of admixture linkage disequilibrium is predicted to exist ahead of the centre of the moving hybrid zone. We test these predictions of the movement hypothesis in a hybrid zone between common (Bufo bufo) and spined toads (B. spinosus), using 31 nuclear and one mtDNA SNPs along a transect in the northwest of France. Average effective selection inBufohybrids is low and clines vary in shape and centre. A weak pattern of asymmetric introgression is inferred from cline discordance of seven nuclear markers. The dominant direction of gene flow is fromB. spinosustoB. bufoand is in support of southward movement of the hybrid zone. Conversely, a peak of admixture linkage disequilibrium north of the hybrid zone suggests northward movement. These contrasting results can be explained by reproductive isolation of theB. spinosusandB. bufogene pools at the southern (B. spinosus) side of the hybrid zone. The joint occurrence of asymmetric introgression and admixture linkage disequilibrium can also be explained by the combination of low dispersal and random genetic drift due to low effective population sizes.
Increasing compliance of safe medication administration in pediatric anesthesia by use of a standardized checklist
Authors: Kanjia Megha Karkera , Adler Adam C. , Buck David , Varughese Anna M. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundMedication errors pose a significant risk perioperatively. In the perioperative environment, common medication administration processes are not typically performed. Given the common administration of potentially harmful medications and the potential for medication errors, patient risk is substantial. Specifically, intravenous acetaminophen has been used more frequently in the perioperative period which yielded an increase in medication administration errors reported.AimsThis project was initiated by Cincinnati Children's Hospital after an increase in perioperative acetaminophen dosing errors was reported. After mapping the administration process of perioperative acetaminophen, we sought to reduce medication errors by the use of a safety checklist. Acetaminophen was used as a surrogate for other perioperative medications in this quality improvement project.MethodsUse of a failure mode effects analysis assisted the team in understanding the failures of the process of safe medication administration. Subsequently, key drivers of this process were designed to include accurate understanding and documentation of medication history, consistent communication between perioperative caregivers, and an efficient checklist process. A multidisciplinary team conducted a series of tests to modify key drivers. Data were collected by utilizing data from a paper checklist, prior to the electronic medical record change that was prompted by this study. A total of 633 checklists and electronic medical records were analyzed during a 6‐month period; data were analyzed using control charts and statistical process control methods.Results/AnalysisThe percentage of compliance with the safe administration checklist for acetaminophen in the preoperative period increased to 97%. Use of the paper checklist likely prompted the appropriate increase in compliance with safe administration. Additionally, provider‐specific feedback produced a significant increase in compliance with the use of the checklist.ConclusionApplication of quality improvement methods, specifically a safety checklist, were utilized to improve the safe administration of acetaminophen during the perioperative period. Increasing reliability of accurate delivery and administration of medication to patients are crucial in optimizing patient safety. Use of a medication safety checklist may be beneficial in reducing potential administration errors, specifically for high‐risk medications.
Filtering performance in visual working memory is improved by reducing early spatial attention to the distractors
Authors: Allon Ayala S. , Luria Roy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe investigated the underlying processes that enable improving filtering irrelevant items from entering visual working memory (WM). To this end, participants performed a bilateral change‐detection task in which either targets or targets along with distractors (i.e., the filtering condition) appeared in the memory array while ERPs were recorded. In the cue‐present condition, we provided a spatial cue coupled with a temporal cue regarding where and when the distractors would appear. On some of the filtering trials, after the offset of the memory array, task‐irrelevant probes were briefly flashed either at the locations of the targets or at the locations of the distractors. This enabled measuring whether reactivating the filtering settings resulted in reducing spatial attentional resources to the distractors, allocating additional spatial attentional resources to the targets, or both, as was measured by the P1/N1 amplitude. Results revealed that, relative to the cue‐absent condition, in the cue‐present condition the P1/N1 amplitude was reduced for probes at the distractors and was similar for probes at the targets. In addition, the reduction in the P1/N1 amplitude was accompanied by a reduced filtering cost in accuracy performance in the cue‐present condition relative to the cue‐absent condition. These findings suggest that reactivating the distractor filtering settings improved filtering performance in visual WM by reducing the allocation of spatial attention to the distractors already at early processing stages, and not by allocating additional spatial attentional resources to the targets.
Potential of Citizen Science for Enhancing Infrastructure Monitoring Data and Decision‐Support Models for Local Communities
Authors: Gharaibeh Nasir , Oti Isaac , Meyer Michelle , Hendricks Marccus , Van Zandt Shannon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCitizen science is a process by which volunteer members of the public, who commonly lack advanced training in science, engage in scientific activities (e.g., data collection) that might otherwise be beyond the reach of professional researchers or practitioners. The purpose of this article is to discuss how citizen‐science projects coordinated by interdisciplinary teams of engineers and social scientists can potentially enhance infrastructure monitoring data and decision‐support models for local communities. The article provides an interdisciplinary definition of infrastructure data quality that extends beyond accuracy to include currency, timeliness, completeness, and equitability. We argue that with this expanded definition of data quality, citizen science can be a viable method for enhancing the quality of infrastructure monitoring data, and ultimately the credibility of risk analysis and decision‐support models that use these data. The article concludes with a set of questions to aid in producing high‐quality infrastructure monitoring data by volunteer citizen scientists.
Measuring fiscal spillovers in EMU and beyond: A Global VAR approach
Authors: Belke Ansgar H. , Osowski Thomas U. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper identifies and measures fiscal spillovers in the EU countries empirically using a global vector autoregression (GVAR) model. Our aim was to look at the sign and the absolute values of fiscal spillovers in a countrywise perspective and at the time profile (impulse response) of the impacts of fiscal shocks. We find moderate spillover effects of fiscal policy shocks originating in Germany and France. However, there is significant variation regarding the magnitude of the spillovers on individual destination countries and country clusters. Furthermore, we find some evidence that German or French fiscal spillovers are stronger on EMU than on non‐EMU countries.
Understanding low interest rates: evidence from Japan, Euro Area, United States and United Kingdom
Authors: Gehringer Agnieszka , Mayer Thomas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe paper investigates the factors determining long‐term interest rates. Our estimation results for major industrialized economies suggest that central banks have actually had a key influence on the level of long‐term interest rates. We thus show that 1) the customary neoclassical model of interest rate determination, on which central banks tend to rely, is neither rooted in the institutional setup of the credit markets nor supported by the data, and that 2) the Austrian explanation incorporated in the model of Wicksell–Mises–Hayek of the credit and business cycle fits better the economic reality. As central bank policy makers might lack the necessary knowledge and foresight to set market rates to levels consistent with economic fundamentals, there is a high chance of misalignments of market rates. The correction of misalignments could lead to severe economic disruptions.
Gender‐ and age‐related differences in facial sebaceous glands in Asian skin, as observed by non‐invasive analysis using three‐dimensional ultrasound microscopy
Authors: Sugawara Tomoko , Nakagawa Noriaki , Shimizu Norio , Hirai Nami , Saijo Yoshifumi , Sakai Shingo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile determining sebaceous gland morphology is useful in the treatment of skin disorders such as acne, a non‐invasive assessment method has not been developed. Since age and gender affect sebum level, differences in sebaceous gland morphology according to these factors were investigated.MethodsFacial skin was measured using a high‐frequency three‐dimensional ultrasound microscope. First, the ultrasound images were compared with skin sections. Next, we assessed sebaceous gland morphology. Images of sebaceous gland in the cheeks of young male, young female and elderly female subjects were obtained using ultrasound microscopy, and en face images were processed to measure the sebaceous gland area.ResultsIn the ultrasound images, sebaceous glands and also thin collagen fibers, which surrounded the glands, could be detected as low‐intensity regions. We called them sebaceous units. In young male subjects, the sebaceous unit areas 900‐μm beneath the skin surface were larger than those at 700 μm. In contrast, depth‐dependent differences in sebaceous unit area were not observed in young female subjects, indicating that males had cauliflower‐shaped sebaceous glands while young females had somewhat more cylindrical and smaller sebaceous glands than the young males. Regarding age, the areas of sebaceous units at 900 μm were diminished and the depth of maximum area was shallower in elderly female subjects compared to young female subjects. Hence, sebaceous glands are considered to shrink with age.ConclusionDifferences in facial sebaceous unit morphology between genders as well as by age groups could be observed using high‐frequency ultrasound microscopy.
ROS scavenger, N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine and NOX specific inhibitor, VAS2870 reduce platelets apoptosis while enhancing their viability during storage
Authors: Hosseini Ehteramolsadat , Ghasemzadeh Mehran , Atashibarg Mahtab , Haghshenas Masood 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUNDPlatelet storage is often complicated by deleterious changes that are started by reversible activation of the cells and can lead to procoagulant function and apoptosis during longer periods of storage. Given that increasing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation are associated with platelet activation and apoptosis, our study investigated whether ROS scavenging or the inhibition of ROS production can enhance the viability of stored platelets.METHODSFor this study platelet‐rich plasma platelet concentrates (PRP‐PCs) were either treated with ROS‐reducing agents (1 mM N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine [NAC] or 30 μM NADPH oxidase [NOX] inhibitor, VAS2870) or kept untreated during storage. P‐selectin expression, phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, levels of microparticle (MP) formation, and intraplatelet caspase activity of PCs were analyzed by flow cytometry during 7 days of storage while the platelet viability was also evaluated by MTT assay.RESULTSBoth NAC‐ and VAS2870‐treated platelets had significantly lower caspase activity, MP formation, and PS exposure during storage while they also showed improved viability. The platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV) were also better preserved in the presence of NAC.CONCLUSIONOur results confirmed that either the inhibition of ROS generation or the scavenging of these oxidant agents can attenuate platelet apoptosis while improving their viability during storage. In this study, the significant improvement of platelet viability obtained by NAC suggested that its supplementation with a designated safe concentration into PCs may better preserve the quality of these products, especially for longer storage.
Exceptional points in optics and photonics
Authors: Miri Mohammad-Ali , Alù Andrea 
Published: January 2019

Exceptional points in optics
Many complex systems operate with loss. Mathematically, these systems can be described as non-Hermitian. A property of such a system is that there can exist certain conditions—exceptional points—where gain and loss can be perfectly balanced and exotic behavior is predicted to occur. Optical systems generally possess gain and loss and so are ideal systems for exploring exceptional point physics. Miri and Alù review the topic of exceptional points in photonics and explore some of the possible exotic behavior that might be expected from engineering such systems.

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A collicular visual cortex: Neocortical space for an ancient midbrain visual structure
Authors: Beltramo Riccardo , Scanziani Massimo 
Published: January 2019

Another primary visual cortex
Most functional studies in the visual system have focused on the cortical representation of the geniculo-striate pathway that links the retina to the cortex. The parallel collicular pathway is believed to sparsely project throughout the visual cortex and have a modulatory role on cortical responses to visual stimuli. Beltramo and Scanziani found a visual cortical area that is entirely dedicated to the superior colliculus. This area can discriminate moving visual stimuli that the “classical” primary visual cortex cannot. Thus, the superior colliculus, a phylogenetically ancient structure, has its own projection in neocortex that provides this area with exquisite feature-detection abilities not found in the classical primary visual cortex.

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