bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Load-Velocity Relationships to Quantify Training-Induced Fatigue
Authors: Hughes Liam J. , Banyard Harry G. , Dempsey Alasdair R. , Peiffer Jeremiah J. , Scott Brendan R. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Hughes, LJ, Banyard, HG, Dempsey, AR, Peiffer, JJ, and Scott, BR. Using load-velocity relationships to quantify training-induced fatigue. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 762–773, 2019—The purpose of this study was to investigate using load-velocity relationships to quantify fluctuations in maximal strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM]), which occur as a result of training-induced fatigue. The 19 well-trained men (age: 24.3 ± 2.9 years, height: 180.1 ± 5.9 cm, body mass: 84.2 ± 10.5 kg, and squat 1RM: 151.1 ± 25.7 kg) who were recruited for this study attended 5 sessions. After baseline strength testing, individual load-velocity relationships were established using mean concentric velocity during visits 2, 4, and 5, with visit 3 consisting of a bout of fatiguing exercise (5 sets of squats performed to muscular failure with 70% 1RM). Predicted 1RM values were calculated using the minimal velocity threshold (1RMMVT), load at zero velocity (1RMLD0), and force-velocity (1RMFV) methods. Measured 1RM, maximal voluntary contractions, and perceived muscle soreness were used to examine the effects of fatigue in relation to the predicted 1RM scores. The 1RMMVT and 1RMLD0 demonstrated very strong and strong correlations with measured 1RM during each of the sessions (r = 0.90–0.96 and r = 0.77–0.84, respectively), while no strong significant correlations were observed for the 1RMFV. Further analysis using Bland-Altman plots demonstrated substantial interindividual variation associated with each method. These results suggest that load-velocity–based 1RM predictions are not accurate enough to be used for daily training load prescription, as has been previously suggested. Nevertheless, these predictions are practical to implement during an individual's warm-up and may be useful to indicate general fluctuations in performance potential, particularly if used in conjunction with other common monitoring methods.
Adverse Effects of Aromatase Inhibition on the Brain and Behavior in a Nonhuman Primate
Authors: Gervais Nicole J. , Remage-Healey Luke , Starrett Joseph R. , Pollak Daniel J. , Mong Jessica A. , Lacreuse Agnès 
Published: December 2018

Breast cancer patients using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) as an adjuvant therapy often report side effects, including hot flashes, mood changes, and cognitive impairment. Despite long-term use in humans, little is known about the effects of continuous AI administration on the brain and cognition. We used a primate model of human cognitive aging, the common marmoset, to examine the effects of a 4-week daily administration of the AI letrozole (20 μg, p.o.) on cognition, anxiety, thermoregulation, brain estrogen content, and hippocampal pyramidal cell physiology. Letrozole treatment was administered to both male and female marmosets and reduced peripheral levels of estradiol (E2), but unexpectedly increased E2 levels in the hippocampus. Spatial working memory and intrinsic excitability of hippocampal neurons were negatively affected by the treatment possibly due to increased hippocampal E2. While no changes in hypothalamic E2 were observed, thermoregulation was disrupted by letrozole in females only, indicating some impact on hypothalamic activity. These findings suggest adverse effects of AIs on the primate brain and call for new therapies that effectively prevent breast cancer recurrence while minimizing side effects that further compromise quality of life.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAromatase inhibitors (AIs) are used as an adjuvant therapy for estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer and are associated with side effects, including hot flashes, depression/anxiety, and memory deficits severe enough for many women to discontinue this life-saving treatment. AIs are also used by men, yet sex differences in the reported side effects have not been systematically studied. We show that AI-treated male and female marmosets exhibit behavioral changes consistent with these CNS symptoms, as well as elevated hippocampal estradiol and compromised hippocampal physiology. These findings illustrate the need for (1) a greater understanding of the precise mechanisms by which AIs impact brain function and (2) the development of new treatment approaches for breast cancer patients that minimize adverse effects on the brain.
Pathway-Specific Drive of Cerebellar Golgi Cells Reveals Integrative Rules of Cortical Inhibition
Authors: Tabuchi Sawako , Gilmer Jesse I. , Purba Karen , Person Abigail L. 
Published: December 2018

Cerebellar granule cells (GrCs) constitute over half of all neurons in the vertebrate brain and are proposed to decorrelate convergent mossy fiber (MF) inputs in service of learning. Interneurons within the GrC layer, Golgi cells (GoCs), are the primary inhibitors of this vast population and therefore play a major role in influencing the computations performed within the layer. Despite this central function for GoCs, few studies have directly examined how GoCs integrate inputs from specific afferents, which vary in density to regulate GrC population activity. We used a variety of methods in mice of either sex to study feedforward inhibition recruited by identified MFs, focusing on features that would influence integration by GrCs. Comprehensive 3D reconstruction and quantification of GoC axonal boutons revealed tightly clustered boutons that focus feedforward inhibition in the neighborhood of GoC somata. Acute whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from GrCs in brain slices showed that, despite high GoC bouton density, fast phasic inhibition was very sparse relative to slow spillover mediated inhibition. Dynamic-clamp simulating inhibition combined with optogenetic MF activation at moderate rates supported a predominant role of slow spillover mediated inhibition in reducing GrC activity. Whole-cell recordings from GoCs revealed a role for the density of active MFs in preferentially driving them. Thus, our data provide empirical confirmation of predicted rules by which MFs activate GoCs to regulate GrC activity levels.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA unifying framework in neural circuit analysis is identifying circuit motifs that subserve common computations. Wide-field inhibitory interneurons globally inhibit neighbors and have been studied extensively in the insect olfactory system and proposed to serve pattern separation functions. Cerebellar Golgi cells (GoCs), a type of mammalian wide-field inhibitory interneuron observed in the granule cell layer, are well suited to perform normalization or pattern separation functions, but the relationship between spatial characteristics of input patterns to GoC-mediated inhibition has received limited attention. This study provides unprecedented quantitative structural details of GoCs and identifies a role for population input activity levels in recruiting inhibition usingin vitroelectrophysiology and optogenetics.
Longitudinally Mapping Childhood Socioeconomic Status Associations with Cortical and Subcortical Morphology
Authors: McDermott Cassidy L. , Seidlitz Jakob , Nadig Ajay , Liu Siyuan , Clasen Liv S. , Blumenthal Jonathan D. , Reardon Paul Kirkpatrick , Lalonde François , Greenstein Deanna , Patel Raihaan , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Lerch Jason P. , Raznahan Armin 
Published: December 2018

Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) impacts cognitive development and mental health, but its association with human structural brain development is not yet well characterized. Here, we analyzed 1243 longitudinally acquired structural MRI scans from 623 youth (299 female/324 male) to investigate the relation between SES and cortical and subcortical morphology between ages 5 and 25 years. We found positive associations between SES and total volumes of the brain, cortical sheet, and four separate subcortical structures. These associations were stable between ages 5 and 25. Surface-based shape analysis revealed that higher SES is associated with areal expansion of lateral prefrontal, anterior cingulate, lateral temporal, and superior parietal cortices and ventrolateral thalamic, and medial amygdalo-hippocampal subregions. Meta-analyses of functional imaging data indicate that cortical correlates of SES are centered on brain systems subserving sensorimotor functions, language, memory, and emotional processing. We further show that anatomical variation within a subset of these cortical regions partially mediates the positive association between SES and IQ. Finally, we identify neuroanatomical correlates of SES that exist above and beyond accompanying variation in IQ. Although SES is clearly a complex construct that likely relates to development through diverse, nondeterministic processes, our findings elucidate potential neuroanatomical mediators of the association between SES and cognitive outcomes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChildhood socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with developmental disparities in mental health, cognitive ability, and academic achievement, but efforts to understand underlying SES–brain relationships are ongoing. Here, we leverage a unique developmental neuroimaging dataset to longitudinally map the associations between SES and regional brain anatomy at high spatiotemporal resolution. We find widespread associations between SES and global cortical and subcortical volumes and surface area and localize these correlations to a distributed set of cortical, thalamic, and amygdalo-hippocampal subregions. Anatomical variation within a subset of these regions partially mediates the positive relationship between SES and IQ. Our findings help to localize cortical and subcortical systems that represent candidate biological substrates for the known relationships between SES and cognition.
Generation of H11-albumin-rtTA Transgenic Mice: A Tool for Inducible Gene Expression in the Liver
Authors: Li Yu-Shan , Meng Ran-Ran , Chen Xiu , Shang Cui-Ling , Li Hong-Bin , Zhang Tao-Jun , Long Hua-Yang , Li Hui-Qi , Wang Yi-Jing , Wang Feng-Chao 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The modification of the mouse genome by site-specific gene insertion of transgenes and other genetic elements allows the study of gene function in different developmental stages and in the pathogenesis of diseases. Here, we generated a “genomic safe harbor” Hipp11 (H11) locus-specific knock-in transgenic mouse line in which the albumin promoter is used to drive the expression of the reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA) in the liver. The newly generated H11-albumin-rtTA transgenic mice were bred with tetracycline-operator-Histone-2B-green fluorescent protein (TetO-H2BGFP) mice to assess inducibility and tissue-specificity. Expression of the H2BGFP fusion protein was observed exclusively upon doxycycline (Dox) induction in the liver of H11-albumin-rtTA/TetO-H2BGFP double transgenic mice. To further analyze the ability of the Dox-inducible H11-albumin-rtTA mice to implement conditional DNA recombination, H11-albumin-rtTA transgenic mice were crossed with TetO-Cre and Ai14 mice to generate H11-albumin-rtTA/TetO-Cre/Ai14 triple transgenic mice. We successfully confirmed that the Cre-mediated recombination efficiency was as strong in Dox-induced H11-albumin-rtTA /TetO-Cre/Ai14 mice as in the control albumin-Cre/A14 mice. Finally, to characterize the expression-inducing effects of Dox in H11-albumin-rtTA/TetO-H2BGFP mice in detail, we examined GFP expression in embryos at different developmental stages and found that newly conceived H11-albumin-rtTA/TetO-H2BGFP embryos of Dox-treated pregnant female mice were expressing reporter GFP by E16.5. Our study demonstrates that these new H11-albumin-rtTA transgenic mice are a powerful and efficient tool for the temporally and spatially conditional manipulation of gene expression in the liver, and illustrates how genetic crosses with these new mice enable the generation of complex multi-locus transgenic animals for mechanistic studies.
R/qtl2: Software for Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci with High-Dimensional Data and Multiparent Populations
Authors: Broman Karl W , Gatti Daniel M , Simecek Petr , Furlotte Nicholas A , Prins Pjotr , Sen Śaunak , Yandell Brian S , Churchill Gary A 
Published: December 2018

AbstractR/qtl2 is an interactive software environment for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in experimental populations. The R/qtl2 software expands the scope of the widely-used R/qtl software package to include multiparental populations, better handles modern high-dimensional data....R/qtl2 is an interactive software environment for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in experimental populations. The R/qtl2 software expands the scope of the widely used R/qtl software package to include multiparent populations derived from more than two founder strains, such as the Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outbred mice, heterogeneous stocks, and MAGIC plant populations. R/qtl2 is designed to handle modern high-density genotyping data and high-dimensional molecular phenotypes, including gene expression and proteomics. R/qtl2 includes the ability to perform genome scans using a linear mixed model to account for population structure, and also includes features to impute SNPs based on founder strain genomes and to carry out association mapping. The R/qtl2 software provides all of the basic features needed for QTL mapping, including graphical displays and summary reports, and it can be extended through the creation of add-on packages. R/qtl2, which is free and open source software written in the R and C++ programming languages, comes with a test framework.
Advances and challenges in geroscience research: An update
Authors: Yabluchanskiy A , Ungvari Z , Csiszar A , Tarantini S 
Published: December 2018

Aging remains the most pervasive risk factor for a wide range of chronic diseases that afflict modern societies. In the United States alone, incidence of age-related diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular cognitive impairment and dementia, cancer, hypertension, type-2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and osteoarthritis) is on the rise, posing an unsustainable socioeconomic burden even for the most developed countries. Tackling each and every age-related disease alone is proving to be costly and ineffective. The emerging field of geroscience has posed itself as an interdisciplinary approach that aims to understand the relationship between the biology of aging and the pathophysiology of chronic age-related diseases. According to the geroscience concept, aging is the single major risk factor that underlies several age-related chronic diseases, and manipulation of cellular and systemic aging processes can delay the manifestation and/or severity of these age-related chronic pathologies. The goal of this endeavor is to achieve health improvements by preventing/delaying the pathogenesis of several age-related diseases simultaneously in the elderly population by targeting key cellular and molecular processes of aging instead of managing diseases of aging as they arise individually. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the field of geroscience, highlighting their implications for potential future therapeutic targets and the associated scientific challenges and opportunities that lay ahead.
Analysis of subjective experiences of breast cancer patients receiving hypnosis, music, or special attention, during chemotherapy treatment: A content analysis
Authors: Vargay A , Kaló ZS , Zsigmond O , Józsa E , Thurzó T , Kóber G , Bányai É 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques with breast cancer patients has been extensively studied; however, there is limited information available on subjective experiences of patients. The aim of this study was to establish a category system and describe the characteristics of patients’ subjective experiences in three different intervention groups: hypnosis, music, and special attention.

Materials and methods
Content analysis of short interviews after 21 sessions of intervention was conducted to examine and compare subjective experiences in hypnosis, music, and special attention. Two types of coding system were developed: Characteristics of Involvement (CI) and Intensity of Involvement (II).

Results
Based on CI, the most dominant subjective experience of breast cancer patients was the “Pleasant Somatic Experience.” Furthermore, “Visualisation of Symbols” was the most frequent in the hypnosis intervention. Based on II, most common experience of the special attention group was coded as “low intensity.” The frequencies of “low/high intensity” experiences were different between hypnosis and music interventions. “High intensity” was more dominant in hypnosis than music intervention.

Conclusions
Both category systems may be reliable tools to examine patients’ subjective experience. Hypnosis as intervention can result in more extended subjective experiences in CI and II.
Results of CO2 laser-assisted sclerotomy surgery (CLASS procedures) in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Nagy ZZ , Bausz M , Kránitz K , Kiss HJ 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of CO2 laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (CLASS) in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) showing progression in spite of maximal local antiglaucomatous therapy.

Materials and methods
Patients with progressive POAG received CLASS treatment. We performed CLASS on 15 eyes (eight males and seven females). The primary endpoint was the change in the intraocular pressure (IOP), and additionally best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), C/D ratio (cup-to-disc), as well as use of antiglaucomatous drops were also investigated. Following the preoperative assessment, measurements were performed at 6-month follow-up.

Results
The average preoperative IOP was 26.13 ± 6.79 mmHg that dropped to 9.57 ± 4.09 mmHg at 1 day. IOP was stable at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The BSCVA decreased to the 1-day and 1-week follow-up but returned to its original value to the 1-month check-up. Preoperatively, all patients were on maximal antiglaucoma drop therapy, after CLASS none of the patients needed antiglaucomatous treatment at 1 month. However, at 3 months, one of them needed antiglaucoma drops. C/D ratio showed non-significant changes.

Conclusions
CLASS procedure was found to be effective in decreasing IOP in POAG patients whose IOP was not compensated with maximal antiglaucomatous local therapy; patients needed significantly less local therapy following the CO2 laser surgery.
Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) Superalloy Coatings On Ductile Irons
Authors: KAYALI Yusuf , KARABAŞ Muhammet , YALÇIN Yılmaz , BÜYÜKSAĞİŞ Aysel , TALAŞ Şükrü 
Published: December 2018

In this study, alloyed and unalloyed ductile irons
(DI) were coated with two different Ni-based superalloy materials by HVOF
method. Microstructure and phase analyzes of the coatings were performed by
using SEM, EDX, XRD methods. The
electrochemical corrosion behavior of alloyed and unalloyed DI is investigated
in 3.5% (w / v) NaCl solution. As a result of the characterization studies, it
was observed that a dense non-porous coating layer of about 80 μm thickness was
obtained on the cast iron samples and continuous adhesion was provided between
the coating and the substrate. It has been determined that the cast iron coated
with AMDRY 9624 contains γ and β intermetallic phases and the coating produced
with AMDRY 9951 commercial powder contains only γ phase. As a result of coating
process, the corrosion rate of the alloyed and unalloyed spherical graphite
cast irons is reduced. Also, the corrosion rate of the coating produced with
AMDRY 9951 is higher than the coating produced with AMDRY 9624. The presence of
intermetallic phases in the coating produced with AMDRY 9624 increased the
corrosion resistance of the coatings.
Os objetos educacionais digitais em Linguagem e Interação: avanços, permanências ou retrocessos?
Authors: Silva Luciana Pereira , Rutiquewiski Andreia , Benatti Juliana 
Published: December 2018

RESUMO: Este artigo analisa os Objetos Educacionais Digitais que acompanham a coleção didática Linguagem e Interação, indicada ao ensino médio 2018-2020 via Plano Nacional do Livro Didático. Segundo a literatura, esse material digital pode subsidiar as aulas de língua materna a partir da pedagogia dos multiletramentos em substituição a práticas de ensino tradicionais. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas de caráter documental (documentos oficiais de ensino) e bibliográfico (LEFFA, 2006; ANTUNES, 2007; MARCUSCHI, 2008; DIONÍSIO 2011, 2014; ROJO, 2012, 2013, 2017, entre outros). Em seguida, foram analisados os Objetos Educacionais, cotejando-os à fundamentação teórica. Propõe-se, para a caracterização do corpus, dois momentos de análise: 1) a partir das propriedades estabelecidas por Leffa (granularidade, reusabilidade, interoperabilidade e recuperabilidade); e 2) a partir dos fundamentos teórico-metodológicos do ensino de Português como língua materna. Os resultados confirmam que, apesar desse material digital enquadrar-se na definição prototípica, deixa a desejar quanto ao desenvolvimento das habilidades linguísticas dos estudantes com vistas aos multiletramentos.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ensino-aprendizagem de língua materna; tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação; objetos educacionais digitais; multiletramentos.

ABSTRACT:This article analyses the Digital Educational Objects which follow the didactic collection Linguagem e Interação, appointed to be used in the middle school 2018-2000 via Plano Nacional do Livro Didático. Based on the current literature, this digital material may help in the mother tongue classes anchored in a multiliteracy pedagogy, replacing traditional practices. In doing so, a research was conducted based on teaching official documents as well as a bibliographic research (LEFFA, 2006; ANTUNES, 2007; MARCUSCHI, 2008; DIONÍSIO, 2011, 2014; ROJO, 2012, 2013, 2017, among others. Then, the Digital Educational Objects were analyzed taking into consideration the chosen theory. It proposes, for the characterization of the corpus, two moments of analysis: 1) from the properties established by Leffa (granularity, reusability, interoperability and recoverability); and 2) from the theoretical-methodological foundations of the teaching of Portuguese as a mother tongue. The results confirm that although this digital material fits in with the prototypical definition, it leaves no room for the development of students' language skills, considering the multiliteracies.

KEYWORDS: teaching-learning of mother tongue; digital information and communication technologies; digital educational objects; multiliteracies.