bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Emphysema in a Pediatric Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Harrison Rebecca , Knowles Stuart , Doherty Catherine 
Published: January 2019

Background
Laryngeal trauma in pediatrics is extremely rare; however, because of the smaller pediatric larynx, it can have catastrophic consequences. Following laryngeal trauma, surgical emphysema is a relatively common presentation. In pediatrics, it can be a life-threatening condition. Here we describe 2 cases of laryngeal trauma resulting in extensive surgical emphysema.

Cases
The first case described involves bilateral pneumothoraces, airway compromise, and respiratory arrest and was managed with bilateral chest drains, intubation, and tracheostomy. The second case resulted in widespread surgical emphysema in a stable patient and was managed conservatively. Both cases were monitored closely for a period of time to ensure there were no further sequelae.

Discussion
Patients with laryngeal trauma resulting in surgical emphysema have the potential to deteriorate rapidly. Furthermore, surgical emphysema degrades the quality of ultrasound images, which may delay the diagnosis. If there are any concerns about the safety of the airway, then it should be secured definitively with either endotracheal intubation or emergency tracheostomy depending on clinical judgment. It is acceptable to monitor patients closely in a high-dependency unit setting if they are stable and do not show any evidence of laryngeal edema.

Conclusions
We present 2 cases of laryngeal trauma that were dealt with effectively so that both patients made a full recovery. It is important to act quickly to secure the airway if there are any concerns about its patency. Stable patients with no evidence of laryngeal edema can be managed conservatively. Close monitoring is essential to prevent any potential airway compromise.
Whole-Body Staging of Metastatic Atypical Meningioma Using 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Unterrainer Marcus , Ilhan Harun , Vettermann Franziska , Cyran Clemens C. , Tonn Joerg C. , Niyazi Maximilian , Bartenstein Peter , Albert Nathalie L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A 43-year-old woman with suspected recurrence of atypical meningioma World Health Organization grade II presented extensive intracranial lesions with high 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake. Moreover, numerous 68Ga-DOTATATE–positive bone, lung, and liver lesions were seen. For final diagnosis, biopsies taken from a lung lesion revealed distant metastases of the atypical meningioma. This case underlines the high diagnostic power of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT for the staging of meningioma even beyond cerebral or spinal lesions; in case of distant lesions in patients with known meningioma, differential diagnosis should also contain metastases despite their rare occurrence. Moreover, this case emphasizes radioligand therapy especially in metastatic meningioma.
Atypical Presentation of T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia Mimicking Pleural Malignancy on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Senthil Raja , Visakh R. Arun , Pratap Thara , Mahadevan Pushpa , Gangadharan V P 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia is a rare form of leukemia, caused by clonal proliferation of cytotoxic T-cells, characterized by modest lymphocytosis and cytopenias of other lineage with hepatosplenomegaly and relatively rare lymph nodal involvement. Involvement of other organs is extremely rare. It is predominantly an indolent disease and most of patients remain asymptomatic for a long period. We present a rare case of aggressive form (CD56 positive) of large granular lymphocytic leukemia with atypical presentations mimicking pleural malignancy on 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Splenic Hemangioma as a Potential Pitfall on PSMA-Targeted 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT
Authors: Chaussé Guillaume , Laufer Jerome , Abikhzer Gad , Probst Stephan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A 69-year-old man with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy underwent 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy. Upon discontinuation of androgen deprivation therapy, serum prostate-specific antigen rose again to 0.69 ng/mL, and 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT was performed to identify the site of recurrence. However, only an intense focus of uptake in the spleen could be found. Subsequent contrast-enhanced MRI findings were pathognomonic for splenic hemangioma.
A Nodular Lesion of the Foot Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT in Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Fujita Yasuyuki , Natsuga Ken , Manabe Osamu , Hirata Kenji , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A 34-year-old Japanese woman presented with widespread scaly erythema that had enlarged over 2 years. A skin biopsy revealed the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides (patch stage, T1b N0 M0 B0), a most frequent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 18F-FDG PET/CT scan unexpectedly showed intense uptake on the left sole, which suggested a tumorous mycosis fungoides lesion (SUVmax = 6.2). Careful examination revealed the mass to be a typical plantar wart of 2 cm in diameter that the patient had not recognized. With repeated cryotherapy, the wart disappeared in 6 months, and follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT showed no abnormal uptake on the left sole.
Parapharyngeal Ganglioneuroma Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Yi Wan-Ling , Chen Tzu-Pai , Chiu Nan-Tsing , Liu Chiang-Shin , Lin Yu-Hsuan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A 38-year-old woman with anterior mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT, revealing abnormal uptake at the left retrostyloid parapharyngeal space. After chemotherapy, follow-up PET/CT showed regression of previously avid lesions but not the left retropharyngeal mass. Subsequent MRI revealed findings suggestive of neurogenic tumor. Transoral biopsy revealed ganglioneuroma, which is uncommon in the parapharyngeal space, although usually of benign nature. This case therefore highlights the importance of PET/CT in both initial diagnostic screening for tumor development and posttreatment evaluation of ambiguous lesions.
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma Found as an Incidental Photopenic Lesion on 18F-FP-CIT PET/CT Image
Authors: An Young-Sil , Yoon Joon-Kee , Lee Su Jin , Jeong Eugene , Kim Il-hyun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

18F-FP-CIT PET is a useful modality for imaging dopamine transporters. It has excellent resolution compared with 123I-beta-CIT SPECT and is widely used clinically for the evaluation of Parkinson disease. In general, the main focus of 18F-FP-CIT PET imaging is the basal ganglia, and it is important to observe whether 18F-FP-CIT uptake is normal in the putamen and caudate nuclei. However, abnormal findings may be seen in other brain regions besides the basal ganglia. Here, we present a case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, a high-grade tumor, which was found as an incidental photopenic lesion on 18F-FP-CIT PET/CT.
The Association Among Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography Features, Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and BRAF V600E Mutation Status in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Authors: Chen Luzeng , Chen Lei , Liu Jinghua , Nong Lin , Zhang Hong 
Published: January 2019

Objective
The objective of this study was to analyze the association among the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS), quantitative parameters obtained from contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), and BRAF V600E mutation status in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Patients
From November 2016 to June 2017, 54 patients who had undergone thyroid CEUS and BRAF V600E mutation analysis for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were enrolled in our study. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on mutation status. Sex, age, pathology results, TI-RADS score, and quantitative CEUS parameters were compared between the 2 groups.

Results
There were 43 patients in the BRAF V600E–positive group and 11 patients in the BRAF V600E–negative group. Age and TI-RADS score were not associated with mutation status. The arrival time (17.2 ± 5.1 seconds) and time to peak enhancement (TTP) (26.5 ± 7.4 seconds) of the lesions in the BRAF V600E–positive group were longer than the arrival time (13.2 ± 3.1 seconds) and TTP (21.1 ± 4.4 seconds) of the lesions in the BRAF V600E–negative group. Basic intensity and peak intensity were not associated with mutation status.

Conclusions
There is an association between the arrival time and TTP of CEUS and BRAF V600E mutation status. They may help infer the BRAF V600E mutation status in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients before invasive procedures.
Adenoviral βARKct Cardiac Gene Transfer Ameliorates Postresuscitation Myocardial Injury in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Shang Deya , Zhu Fangfang , Tan Qi , Hu Bo , Liu Dongxing , Cong Mulin , Song Jiantao , Li Tao , Ji Xianfei 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of the study was to determine whether the inhibition of the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 by adenoviral βARKct cardiac gene transfer can ameliorate postresuscitation myocardial injury in pigs with cardiac arrest (CA) and explore the mechanism of myocardial protection.

Methods:
Male landrace domestic pigs were randomized into the sham group (anesthetized and instrumented, but ventricular fibrillation was not induced) (n = 4), control group (ventricular fibrillation 8 min, n = 8), and βARKct group (ventricular fibrillation 8 min, n = 8). Hemodynamic parameters were monitored continuously. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30 min, 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Left ventricular ejection fraction was assessed by echocardiography at baseline and 6 h after ROSC. These animals were euthanized, and the cardiac tissue was removed for analysis at 6 h after ROSC.

Results:
Compared with those in the sham group, left ventricular +dp/dtmax, −dp/dtmax, cardiac output (CO), and ejection fraction (EF) in the control group and the βARKct group were significantly decreased at 6 h after the restoration of spontaneous circulation. However, the βARKct treatment produced better left ventricular +dp/dtmax, −dp/dtmax, CO, and EF after ROSC. The βARKct treatment also produced lower serum cardiac troponin I, CK-MB, and lactate after ROSC. Furthermore, the adenoviral βARKct gene transfer significantly increased β1 adrenergic receptors, SERCA2a, RyR2 levels, and decreased GRK2 levels compared to control.

Conclusions:
The inhibition of GRK2 by adenoviral βARKct cardiac gene transfer can ameliorate postresuscitation myocardial injury through beneficial effects on restoring the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-handling proteins expression and upregulating the β1-adrenergic receptor level after cardiac arrest.
A Preventive Program for Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Surgeons
Authors: Giagio Silvia , Volpe Giovanni , Pillastrini Paolo , Gasparre Giuseppe , Frizziero Antonio , Squizzato Francesco 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a program to reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) among surgeons.

Background:
Surgeons are at high risk of WRMSD due to many physical and psychosocial factors.

Methods:
This study is a multicenter randomized clinical trial (UMIN000028557) conducted from January to August 2015. Following cluster randomization by surgical division, surgeons were allocated to 2 groups. The NPP group (No Preventive Program) underwent no intervention, while the PP group (Preventive Program) followed ergonomic principles in the operating room and specific physical exercises supervised by a physical therapist. A multiple logistic regression was performed to identify baseline WRMSD risk factors. WRMSD assessment was based on 1 ad hoc and 3 validated questionnaires: Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Follow-up was planned after 3 and 6 months.

Results:
One hundred forty-one surgeons matched the inclusion criteria and were randomized in the PP (n = 65) and NPP (n = 76) groups. At the initial analysis, physical activity was the only modifiable independent risk factor for WRMSD (OR, 2.44; P = 0.05). The PP group showed a significant improvement in the item “General Health” (GH) regarding quality of life at 3 (NPP: 70.5 ± 15.2 vs PP: 75.9 ± 14.1; P = 0.04) and 6 months (70.6 ± 13.4 vs 75.3 ± 13.0; P = 0.04). The PP group had a significant reduction of low back pain (66.2% vs 50.0%; P = 0.04) and analgesic consumption (30.9% vs 15.5%; P = 0.03) after 6 months.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated the effectiveness of a global program based on the application of ergonomics in the operating room and specific physical exercises.
Non-HLA Genetic Factors and Their Influence on Heart Transplant Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Setten Jessica , Warmerdam Evangeline G. , Groot Olivier Q. , de Jonge Nicolaas , Keating Brendan , Asselbergs Folkert W. 
Published: January 2019

Background
Improvement of immunosuppressive therapies and surgical techniques has increased the survival rate after heart transplantation. Nevertheless, a large number of patients still experience complications, such as allograft rejection, vasculopathy, kidney dysfunction, and diabetes in response to immunosuppressive therapy. Variants in HLA genes have been extensively studied for their role in clinical outcomes after transplantation, whereas the knowledge about non-HLA genetic variants in this setting is still limited. Non-HLA polymorphisms are involved in the metabolism of major immunosuppressive therapeutics and may play a role in clinical outcomes after cardiac transplantation. This systematic review summarizes the existing knowledge of associations between non-HLA genetic variation and heart transplant outcomes.

Methods
The current evidence available on genetic polymorphisms associated with outcomes after heart transplantation was identified by a systematic search in PubMed and Embase. Studies reporting on polymorphisms significantly associated with clinical outcomes after cardiac transplantation were included.

Results
A total of 56 studies were included, all were candidate gene studies. These studies identified 58 polymorphisms in 36 genes that were associated with outcomes after cardiac transplantation. Variants in TGFB1, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 are consistently replicated across multiple studies for various transplant outcomes.

Conclusions
The research currently available supports the hypothesis that non-HLA polymorphisms are associated with clinical outcomes after heart transplantation. However, many genetic variants were only identified in a single study, questioning their true effect on the clinical outcomes tested. Further research in larger cohorts with well-defined phenotypes is warranted.
Constrained actin dynamics emerges from variable compositions of actin regulatory protein complexes
Authors: Dobramysl Ulrich , Jarsch Iris K , Shimo Hanae , Inoue Yoshiko , Richier Benjamin , Gadsby Jonathan R , Mason Julia , Walrant Astrid , Butler Richard , Hannezo Edouard , Simons Benjamin D , Gallop Jennifer L 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAssemblies of actin and its regulators underlie the dynamic morphology of all eukaryotic cells. To begin to understand how diverse regulatory proteins work together to generate actin-rich structures we tracked the assembly of actin regulators and their relative proportions in a cell-free system that generates filopodia-like structures (FLS). We found that heterogeneous mixtures of regulators could give rise to morphologically similar structures and that the FLS actin bundles exhibited simple dynamic behaviour of growth and shrinkage. To explain these observations, we combined experiment with theory, and found that stochastic fluctuations between redundant actin regulatory subcomplexes can account for the actin dynamics. Comparing the localizations of a variety of endogenous actin regulators in Drosophila embryos and distributions of filopodia lengths yielded similar conclusions of heterogenous actin regulatory complexes and filopodia lengths governed by a stochastic growth process. Our results explain how weakly-associating assemblies of regulatory proteins can produce robust functional outcomes.
Social tolerance in Octopus laqueus - a maximal entropy model
Authors: Edsinger Eric , Pnini Reuven , Ono Natsumi , Yanagisawa Ryoko , Dever Kathryn , Miller Jonathan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOctopus laqueus is a small tropical octopus found in Okinawa, Japan and the greater Indo-Pacific. Octopus are often viewed as solitary animals but O. laqueus live in close proximity in the wild, and will potentially encounter one another on a regular basis, raising the possibility of sociality in the species. To test for social tolerance and social repulsion in O. laqueus, animals were kept in communal tanks, and the number of dens and sex composition was varied per tank, with a set mixture of sizes and with den occupancy tracked per individual. We found that O. laqueus will socially tolerate other individuals by sharing tanks and dens, including several animals in contact and sharing a den under den-limited conditions, and with typically no loss to cannibalism or escape. However, animals also exhibit significant levels of social repulsion, and individuals often chose a solitary den when given the option. The patterns of den occupancy are observed to be consistent with a maximum entropy model. Overall, the preference to have a den is stronger than the preference to be solitary in O. laqueus, and the animals are socially tolerant of others in the tank and in a den or shelter, a first for octopuses outside mating. The relaxed disposition and social tolerance of O. laqueus make it a promising species to work with in lab, and for development into a genetic model for social behavior in octopuses.
Centromere deletion in Cryptococcus deuterogattii leads to neocentromere formation and chromosome fusions
Authors: Schotanus Klaas , Heitman Joseph 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus deuterogattii is RNAi-deficient and lacks active transposons in its genome. C. deuterogattii has regional centromeres that contain only transposon relics. To investigate impact of centromere loss on the C. deuterogattii genome, either centromere 9 or 10 was deleted. Deletion of either centromere resulted in neocentromere formation and interestingly, the genes covered by these neocentromeres maintained wild-type expression levels. In contrast to cen9Δ mutants, cen10Δ mutant strains exhibited growth defects and were aneuploid for chromosome 10. At an elevated growth temperature (37°C), the cen10Δ chromosome was found to have undergone fusion with another native chromosome in some isolates and this fusion restored wild-type growth. Following chromosomal fusion, the neocentromere was inactivated, and the native centromere of the fused chromosome served as the active centromere. The neocentromere formation and chromosomal fusion events observed in this study in C. deuterogattii may be similar to events that triggered genomic changes within the Cryptococcus/Kwoniella species complex and may contribute to speciation throughout the eukaryotic domain.
Alpha Neurofeedback Training with a portable Low-Priced and Commercially Available EEG Device Leads to Faster Alpha Enhancement
Authors: Naas Adrian , Rodrigues João , Knirsch Jan-Philipp , Sonderegger Andreas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionFindings of recent studies have proposed that it is possible to enhance cognitive capacities of healthy individuals by means of individual upper alpha (around 10 to 13.5 Hz) neurofeedback training. Although these results are promising, most of this research was conducted based on high-priced EEG systems developed for clinical and research purposes only. This study addresses the question whether such effects can also be shown with an easy to use and comparably low priced Emotiv Epoc EEG headset available for the average consumer. In addition, critical voices were raised regarding the control group designs of studies addressing the link between neurofeedback training and cognitive performance. Based on an extensive literature review revealing considerable methodological issues in an important part of the existing research, the present study addressed the question whether individual upper alpha neurofeedback has a positive effect on alpha amplitudes (i.e. increases alpha amplitudes) and short-term memory performance focussing on a methodologically sound, single-blinded, sham controlled design.MethodParticipants (N = 33) took part in four test sessions over four consecutive days of either neurofeedback training or sham feedback (control group). In the experimental group, five three-minute periods of visual neurofeedback training were administered each day whereas in the control group, the same amount of sham feedback was presented. Performance on eight digit-span tests as well as participants’ affective states were assessed before and after each of the daily training sessions.ResultsParticipants in the neurofeedback training (NFT) group showed faster and greater alpha enhancement compared to the control group. Contrary to the authors’ expectations, alpha enhancement was also observed in the control group. Surprisingly, exploratory analyses showed a significant correlation between the initial alpha level and the alpha improvement during the course of the study. This finding suggests that participants with high initial alpha levels profit more from alpha NFT interventions. digit-span performance increased in both groups over the course of time. However, the increase in individual upper relative alpha did not explain significant variance of digit-span improvement. In the discussion, the authors explore the appearance of the alpha enhancement in the control group and possible reasons for the absence of a connection between NFT and short-term memory.
Phosphorylation-dependent routing of RLP44 towards brassinosteroid or phytosulfokine signalling
Authors: Gómez Borja Garnelo , Holzwart Eleonore , Kolbeck Andreas , Shi Chaonan , Lozano-Durán Rosa , Wolf Sebastian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlants rely on a complex network of cell surface receptors to integrate developmental and environmental cues into behaviour adapted to the conditions. The largest group of these receptors, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, form a complex interaction network that is modulated and extended by receptor-like proteins. This raises the question of how specific outputs can be generated when receptor proteins are engaged in a plethora of promiscuous interactions. RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 44 (RLP44) acts to promote both brassinosteroid and phytosulfokine signalling, which orchestrate a wide variety of cellular responses. However, it is unclear how these activities are coordinated. Here, we show that RLP44 is phosphorylated in its highly conserved C-terminal cytosolic tail and that this post-translational modification governs its subcellular localization. RLP44 variants in which phosphorylation is blocked enter endocytosis prematurely, leading to an almost entirely intracellular localization, whereas phospho-mimicking or ectopic phosphorylation results in preferential RLP44 localization at the plasma membrane. Phosphorylation of the C-terminus is essential for brassinosteroid-associated functions of RLP44. In contrast, RLP44’s role in phytosulfokine signalling is not affected by its phospho-status. Detailed mutational analysis suggests that phospho-charge, rather than modification of individual amino acids determines routing of RLP44 to its target receptor complexes, providing a framework to understand how a common component of different receptor complexes can get specifically engaged in a particular signalling pathway.