bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neither Pseudo-Athanasius nor Palaea: Historia de Melchisedech as a Part of the Slavonic Abraham’s Cycle
Authors: Wittkowsky Vadim , Vitkovskaya Maria 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Story of Melchizedek (Historia de Melchisedech) has been handed down in various languages, especially in Greek and Old Slavonic, and there are already editions of several versions of this apocryphon. In the German edition by Christfried Böttrich (2010) three Slavonic versions have been also considered. These are the so-called Pseudo-Athanasius version, a section of the so-called Historical Palaea, and the short "prolog" version in the Eastern Slavonic tradition. However, it has gone unnoticed in the context of the Western debate that many Southern Slavonic miscellanies (sborniki) contain two versions which are different from all three of them. Both these versions form an integral part of the Slavonic Abraham Cycle, a collection of Jewish-Christian apocrypha, which has received too little attention in the Western scholarship. The article tries to make first steps towards a correct placement of these Southern Slavonic versions within the tradition of the Story of Melchizedek.
Affirming Divine Providence and Limiting the Powers of Saints: the Byzantine Debate about the Term of Life (6th-11th Centuries)
Authors: Krausmüller Dirk 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
One of the chief characteristics of Byzantine culture in the early Middle Age was the willingness to engage in sometimes fierce debates. The best known of these debates, the controversy about the veneration of images, has been studied by many scholars and is now well known. The same cannot be said about another contentious issue, the question of whether the time of one’s death was fixed from eternity or whether it could be changed. In the late 1970s Leendert Gerrit Westerink and Giuseppe Zanetto published critical editions of two major contributions to the debate, a disputation by Theophylact Simocatta and a dialogue by Patriarch Germanus of Constantinople. Yet this did not lead to sustained engagement with the texts. The only discussion is found in Wolfgang Lackner’s edition of a much later treatise by Nicephorus Blemmydes. In the introduction to his edition Lackner identified numerous relevant primary sources dating to the fourth to twelfth centuries, proposed a rough classification and discussed some of the arguments used by the authors. What is still missing is a reconstruction of the historical context of the debate. The present article seeks to fill this gap. It considers not only treatises about the term of life but also Biblical commentaries, homilies, hymns, letters and saints’ lives that can throw light on the debate.
Philoponus on the Nature of the Heavens and the Movement of Elements in Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World
Authors: Varlamova Maria 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with the John Philoponus' arguments against the eternity of the heavens in context of the dispute against the eternity of the world. The theory of eternity of the heavens was defended by Aristotle in his Physics and in the 1st book On the Heavens. In his treatise On Eternity of the World against Aristotle Philoponus attacks the arguments of Aristotle in order to prove the essential finititude of the heavens. The Philoponus' arguments are related to the nature and motion of elements and especially to the nature of fire. In order to explore the Philoponus' arguments against Aristotle I compare his doctrine with the Aristotle's theories of elemental nature and celestial motion.
Pietism and German Inter-Confessional Nationalism
Authors: Avraham Doron 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Beginning in the early nineteenth century, spokesmen for German nationalism invoked confessional reconciliation as a precondition for future unification. While the confessional divide between Catholics and Protestants seemed to hinder German unity, advocating ecumenical Christianity appeared to advance national consolidation. The article suggests that this endorsement of ecumenism was part of a tradition of confessional conciliation manifested in German Pietism since the seventeenth century. Early German Pietists sought ecumenical Christianity not merely in an eschatological sense, but also in a specific historical one. Nineteenth-century neo-Pietists nationalized and politicized these earlier ideas of interconfessional reconciliation.
Josephus, Publication, and Audiences: A Response
Authors: Mason Steve 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In Zutot 6 (2009), Luuk Huitink and Jan Willem van Henten presented the journal’s readers with an effort to advance the discussion of Josephus’ ancient audiences, by challenging my interpretation of Josephus’ work, which has taken into account scholarship on book production in first-century Rome. Since they misreported my work, and ignored the only essay I have devoted to the subject, their essay misfired. I am grateful to the editors of Zutot for a chance to correct their misrepresentation.
Prayers to the God of Aristotle’s Metaphysics: Tefillot Siyyum for Chapters of Book Δ of Aristotle’s Metaphysics
Authors: Halper Yehuda 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In one incomplete manuscript of Aristotle’s Metaphysics with Averroes’ Long Commentary, a scribe has inserted short prayers, which seem to fit the genre of tefillot siyyum, to be read by the reader of the text upon completion of certain chapters of Book Δ of the Metaphysics. These prayers are thematically related to the content of Aristotle’s Metaphysics and Averroes’ commentary and accordingly suggest a philosophical interpretation of Judaism, God and the creation of the world that has as its centre-point metaphysics, as understood by Aristotle and his most important commentator, Averroes.
Mīr Dāmād (m. 1041/1631), philosophe et mujtahid
Authors: Terrier Mathieu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Mīr Dāmād (d. 1041/1631), philosopher and mujtahid. Spiritual authority and legal authority in Shīʿi Safavid Iran.
Studies on Twelver Shīʿism, particularly in the context of Safavid Iran (907-1134 / 1501-1722), are characterized by a dichotomy between the emphasis on law and that on philosophy, reflecting the duality between both the exoteric and esoteric dimensions of this religion. Based on this observation, this article presents a corpus of known and lesser known texts of Mīr Dāmād (d. 1041/1631), a philosophy master and super- mujtahid at the court of the Shāhs in Esfahan, in order to analyse the link between these two facets of his personality and shed some light on the relationship between legal and spiritual authorities in modern Shīʾism. The first part of this paper studies Mīr Dāmād’s portrait in the Shīʿi prosopographical sources. The second part deals with his legal works, notably his fatwās on Friday prayer and defensive jihād. The third part analyses the doxographic notice devoted to Mīr Dāmād by his former student Quṭb al-Dīn Ashkevarī (d. between 1088 and 1095 /1677 and 1684), which weaves legal, philosophical and mystical texts authored by his teacher. This study will show that in the view of Mīr Dāmād and his disciples, the temporal authority of the jurisconsult, during the period of Great Occultation, remained inseparable from the spiritual authority of the Gnostic (ʿārif), whose metaphysical knowledge was both rationally proven and mystically experienced.
Early Human Occupation at al-Jamrab (White Nile Region, Central Sudan): A Contribution to the Understanding of the MSA of Eastern Africa
Authors: Spinapolice Enza Elena , Zerboni Andrea , Meyer Michael , Usai Donatella 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe middle reaches of the Nile River play a key role in the current models about the diffusion of modern Humans out of Africa, nevertheless the Early and the Middle Stone Age (Early Palaeolithic and Middle Palaeolithic) in central Sudan are poorly known. On-going investigation at al-Jamrab (White Nile region) highlights the archaeological potential of the central Sudan and illustrates the importance of an integrated approach combining archaeological excavation and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction for understanding cultural site formation and post-depositional dynamics. The stratigraphic sequence at al-Jamrab includes a thick cultural layer rich in Early and Middle Stone Age artefacts, preserved in a deeply weathered palaeosol developed on fluvial sediments. The cultural layer includes a two-fold human occupation covering the Middle Stone Age, with Acheulean and Sangoan bifacial artefacts, although an Early Stone Age/Middle Stone Age transitional phase cannot be excluded. The artefact-bearing unit is attributed to the Upper Pleistocene based on preliminary OSL dating, the local palaeoenvironmental context, and strong pedogenetic weathering. Considering the paucity of archaeological data for the Pleistocene of Sudan and the importance of this region in the study of human dispersal out of Africa, this preliminary work on a new site and its associated stratigraphic context provides insights into the early peopling of Sudan and adds one more tessera to the Eastern Africa picture.
Jbel Bani Rock Art: Newly-discovered Shelters along Mountain Paths suggest a Significant Link between Central Sahara and North Africa (Zagora, Southern Morocco)
Authors: Moumane Adil , Delorme Jonathan , Ewague Adbelhadi , Al-Karkouri Jamal , Gaoudi Mohamed , Ista Hassan , Moumane Mohamed , Mouna Hammou , Oumouss Ahmed , Lmejidi Abdelkhalk , Zdaidat Noreddine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The authors, with the help of a team of researchers, have discovered twelve rock shelters with inside paintings on the southern slopes of the Jbel Bani Mountains in southern Morocco. The paintings vary in subject and time period and span multiple rock art styles. Majestic creatures that once inhabited southern Morocco are depicted next to hunters, pastoralists, and warriors. The shelters and paintings cast upon their walls illustrate a transfer of culture, beliefs, technology, and ideas between people groups of the Meridional and Central Sahara and the Jbel Bani region. These discoveries were all made along a mountain path in the Bani Mountains known as Foum Laachar and may help trace ancient human migration routes.
Women’s Human Rights in the Governance of the Arctic – Gender Equality and Violence against Indigenous Women
Authors: Burman Monica , Svensson Eva-Maria 
Published: May 2019

Previous studies show a lack of deference and activities when it comes to women’s human rights and gender equality in the multi-level governance of the Arctic. According to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, women in the Arctic are vulnerable, in particular indigenous and rural women. Their rights are not upheld in the Arctic states for example when it comes to exposure to violence, equal participation in governing bodies, and economic self-support. The public governing bodies have almost no focus on gender equality at all, despite far-reaching international obligations and, for several of the states, national ambitious agendas for gender equality politics. International instruments with obligations to strive for gender equality, such as the CEDAW, the ILO Convention 169 and UNDRIP, are scarcely referred to and not sufficiently implemented by the public governance bodies.The aim of this article is to raise awareness of the obligations set up by human rights documents to promote women’s rights in the governance of the Arctic, in order to put pressure on the states to develop strategies for a future gender equal governance. We have a special focus on the general lack of awareness within public governance, and on men’s intimate partner violence against indigenous women.
The Right of Indigenous Peoples to Education in Their Own Language – Greenlanders in Denmark and in Greenland
Authors: Næsborg-Andersen Ayo , Khalaf Bassah 
Published: May 2019

Previous studies show a lack of deference and activities when it comes to women’s human rights and gender equality in the multi-level governance of the Arctic. According to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, women in the Arctic are vulnerable, in particular indigenous and rural women. Their rights are not upheld in the Arctic states for example when it comes to exposure to violence, equal participation in governing bodies, and economic self-support. The public governing bodies have almost no focus on gender equality at all, despite far-reaching international obligations and, for several of the states, national ambitious agendas for gender equality politics. International instruments with obligations to strive for gender equality, such as the CEDAW, the ILO Convention 169 and UNDRIP, are scarcely referred to and not sufficiently implemented by the public governance bodies.The aim of this article is to raise awareness of the obligations set up by human rights documents to promote women’s rights in the governance of the Arctic, in order to put pressure on the states to develop strategies for a future gender equal governance. We have a special focus on the general lack of awareness within public governance, and on men’s intimate partner violence against indigenous women.
Variations in Food Acceptability with Respect to Pitch, Tempo, and Volume Levels of Background Music
Authors: Fiegel Alexandra , Childress Andrew , Beekman Thadeus L. , Seo Han-Seok 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether pitch, tempo, and volume levels of music stimuli affect sensory perception and acceptance of foods. A traditional music piece was arranged into versions at two pitches, two tempos, and two volumes. For each session, chocolate and bell peppers were presented for consumption under three sound conditions: 1) upper or 2) lower level with respect to each of the three music elements, and 3) silence. Over three sessions, participants evaluated flavor intensity, pleasantness of flavor, texture impression, and overall impression of food samples, in addition to the pleasantness and stimulation evoked by the music stimuli. Results showed that lower-pitched and louder music stimuli increased hedonic impressions of foods compared to their respective counterparts and/or the silent condition. While the effects of music element levels on hedonic impressions differed with the type of food consumed, the participants liked the foods more when music stimuli were perceived as more pleasant and stimulating. Flavor was perceived as more intense when participants were more stimulated by the music samples. Although a specific element of music stimuli was manipulated, perceptions of other elements also varied, leading to large variations in the music-evoked pleasantness and stimulation. In conclusion, the findings provide empirical evidence that hedonic impressions of foods may be influenced by emotions evoked by music selections varying in music element levels, but it should be also noted that the influences were food-dependent and not pronounced.
New Three-Generation Families in Rural China (中国农村新“三代家庭”研究)
Authors: Yang (杨华) Hua , Wang (王会) Hui 
Published: May 2019

With the migration and urbanization of China’s rural population, married members of the Post-1980 and Post-1990 generation, together with their parents, have formed a new type of three-generation family which in some respects is similar to the earlier three-generation families but quite different in substance. In the new three-generation families, even though the offspring and the parents constitute separate accounting units, they have not undergone formal household division. The parents have come to be incorporated into their offspring’s families, forming a new three-generation family with each of their offspring. The structure of the new three-generation families allows the offspring to cope with the pressures from village competition, labor migration, and urbanization by fully using the resources and labor power of the parents, thereby driving the development of these new peasant families. Such families have in fact overemphasized instrumentalist rationality, resulting in the overuse and exploitation of middle-aged labor. The elderly who are unable to work are excluded from the household and their living space has been narrowed. The formation of these new families runs counter to the expectation that rural families will become entirely nuclear families after China’s industrialization, showing that rural family formation has a distinctive cultural basis.
伴随着农村人口流动和农民城市化，婚后的“八零后”、“九零后”农民与父代组成了类似三代直系家庭但却有实质差别的新“三代家庭”。在该类家庭中，父代与子代、子代家庭之间的会计单位是相互独立的，但是子代与父代在形式上又没有明确分家，这就使得父代被分别纳入到子代家庭，成为子代家庭的成员，从而分别与子代家庭构成三代直系家庭。新“三代家庭”结构有利于子代对父代资源和劳动力的充分调配，以应对村庄竞争、人口流动和城市化所带来的问题和压力，推动农民家庭发展。新“三代家庭”过于强调家庭关系的工具理性，从而使得农村中年人的劳动力被过度使用和剥削。没有劳动能力的老年人不被纳入进新“三代家庭”，他们的生存空间被挤压。新“三代家庭”的出现有力地驳斥了中国工业化后农民家庭将彻底核心化的论断，说明农村家庭的延续和变化皆有其独特的文化基础。
Intercellular pathways in internodal metaxylem vessels of moso bamboo Phyllostachys edulis
Authors: Zhang Shuqin , Liu Rong , Lian Caiping , Luo Junji , Yang Feng , Liu Xianmiao , Fei Benhua 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
The flow of xylem sap in bamboo is closely associated with metaxylem vessels and the pits in their cell walls. These pits are essential components of the water-transport system and are key intercellular pathways for transverse permeation of treatment agents related to utilization. Observations of metaxylem vessels and pits in moso bamboo culm internodes were carried out using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) to examine mature bamboo fractures and resin casts. The results showed that bordered pits were distributed in relation to adjacent cell types with most pits between vessels and parenchyma cells and few pits between vessels and fibers of the bundle sheath. The pit arrangement was mainly opposite to alternate with apertures ranging from oval, flattened elliptical, or slit-like to coalescent. The vertical dimensions of inner apertures and outer apertures of the pits were about 0.9–2.7 μm and 1.1–3.8 μm, respectively. According to the relative position, and size difference between the inner apertures and their borders, the bordered pit shapes were categorized into three types, namely PI, PII and PIII (Fig. 3C). Half-bordered pit pairs were observed between vessels and direct contact parenchyma cells. Most vessel elements possessed simple perforation plates.
Deviant Christians: Romanization and Esoterization as Social Strategies for Survival Among Early Christians
Authors: DeConick April D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between deviance and esotericism, particularly as this relationship relates to the emergence of new religious movements and the processes of social accommodation and resistance. Applying sociological models for the study of deviance, I show how emergent Catholics use a variety of accommodation strategies to better fit into Roman religious expectations, constructing a public face to their worship along with ancestral ties. As they do this, the emergent Catholics dissociate themselves from other Christians, like groups with gnostic orientations, whom they have marked as different from themselves and a liability for the survival of Christianity. They begin to argue that these “other” Christians are the deviant ones, not themselves. Their willingness to Romanize certain aspects of their religion reduces the tensile relationship between their new religion and the surrounding society, increasing their ability to attract and maintain new recruits. To make matters more complicated, gnostic groups largely resist accommodation to Roman religious expectations, a strategy that powers their countercultural critique of the hegemony of Rome. They esoterize their groups by privatizing and converting their deviance into secret social capital. The choice to maintain their deviance by limiting access to their internal social networks affects their ability to recruit, grow, and sustain their communities in the long term. The social politics of deviance goes a long way to explain the rise of Catholicism and its domination over other forms of Christianity.
Dialogue in the Library: Jorge Luis Borges’s “The Circular Ruins” and His Re-reading of Gnostic Myths
Authors: Roig Lanzillotta Lautaro 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Taking Jorge Luis Borges’s short story “The Circular Ruins” as a starting point, the current article assesses the presence of gnostic ideas in the work of the Argentinian author. After pondering the context and sources for Borges’s knowledge of gnosticism, and providing an overview of different Borgesian short stories that include gnostic motifs, it focuses on an analysis of several central notions in “The Circular Ruins.” A comparison between ancient and modern interpretations serves to evaluate the new meaning that gnostic motifs acquire in the literary framework created by the Argentinian writer. It concludes that Borges’s reception and re-elaboration of gnostic thought helps him both to express some of his central philosophical preoccupations and to update these ancient myths, making them accessible for modern readers.
Verb Plurality in Kushi: A First Appraisal
Authors: Batic Gian Claudio 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
It is a well-known fact that in Chadic languages the notion of verbal plurality falls into two categories: agreement plurality, where a plural subject requires a plural verbal form, and pluractionality, a form used to encode the iterativity (i.e. repetitiveness) or multiplicity (i.e. multiple effects on arguments) of an action. Kushi, a West Chadic language spoken in north-eastern Nigeria, presents both types of plural. In this article, I will illustrate the derivational strategies employed to encode verbal plurality in Kushi—suffixation, infixation, and gemination—showing the existing correlation between plural form and root shape (i.e. verb class). Interesting features of Kushi plurals are the existence of two plurality morphemes (one for non-subjunctive TAM paradigms and one for the subjunctive) and the quality of the final vowel in subjunctive plural verbal forms. All the data used in this paper have been collected in the framework of an on-going project of documentation and description of Kushi.
A New Interpretation of Some Drawings from the Hazine (Istanbul) and Diez (Berlin) Albums Illustrating the Tortoise and the Heron (or Crane)
Authors: Fontana Maria Vittoria 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Nine ink drawings on as many pages—seven preserved at the Topkapı Sarayı Library in Istanbul (from H. 2152, 2153, and 2160) and two at the Staatsbibliothek in Berlin (from the Diez Albums), respectively—illustrate a tortoise apparently fighting with one or two herons (or cranes). Instead, a narrative context is suggested herein, dating back to the Indian oral literature, which derives from the Chinese one, and later encountering the Pañcatantra and the Islamic versions narrating the tale of the tortoise and the two geese, thus in some cases producing an iconographic-narrative synthesis of the two traditions. If the hypothesis is correct and the drawings actually do depict such a scene, the fact that the images follow a version of the tale that was little known in the Islamic world but probably more widespread in the Eastern world could contribute to the attribution of the drawings, as the bird species depicted—typical of central and southern Asia—would seem to confirm.
The Challenge of Populism
Authors: Dunn John 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Populism is not a determinate political phenomenon, but a heuristic category deployed to diagnose the sources of danger to well established representative democracy through the workings of its core institutions. As a political charge, populism is deployed by defenders of established parties to denounce interlopers who threaten them at the ballot box and in less formal settings. When actualised, it is a natural political retribution for governmental ineffectuality in face of protracted crisis. Populism is no danger for Korea. The level of risk for populist triumph is the reciprocal of prior failure in democratic government. Both the Trump Presidency and the Brexit Referendum are populist responses to prior governmental failure in well-established democracies. Populism is always a consequence, not a cause, of political failure.