bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miniature GPS tags reveal extensive movements by a threatened narrow‐space bat and highlight sensitivity to forest clearing
Authors: Gonsalves Leroy , Law Brad , Brassil Traecey , O'Loughlin Christopher , Kerr Isobel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn understanding of fine‐scale movements made by animals is critical for assessing localized habitat preferences and informing the scales over which land management should be applied. However, for cryptic species such as insectivorous bats that are highly mobile and active at night, it is difficult to collect these data. Nyctophilus corbeni serves as a case study for narrow‐space species as it is listed as threatened and nothing is known about its localized habitat preferences. We used miniature GPS tags to assess fine‐scale movements across three sites and 2 years (autumn 2020 and 2021) in the Pilliga forests in northwest New South Wales. Each site consisted of a mosaic of forest disturbances (e.g. timber harvesting / thinning regrowth, prescribed fires and wildfires, and cleared farmland). Bats made large movements in the non‐maternity season, with a maximum of ~21 km recorded as a one‐way movement on a given night. On average, the maximum distance travelled by tagged bats was 6.2 ± 1.4 km per night. Short‐term home (9884 ha) and core (2157 ha) ranges were extensive, but varied by sex, with ranges of females ~15 times larger than males. Bats crossed cleared land that was within close proximity (<2.3 km, but typically <~600 m) of large forest blocks (>100 ha). Based on availability of habitat types, bats selected for older regrowth and burnt forest and avoided cleared areas with scattered trees and also thinned forest, though the availability for the latter was low (<3 %). Flight speeds and the lack of clustering of GPS fixes in cleared landscapes suggest that limited foraging may occur there. Overall, our results highlight the sensitivity of the species to forest clearing and potentially to thinning, but also demonstrate the importance of maintaining large areas of forest and where possible, reforesting cleared areas that occur between smaller, more isolated forest blocks.
Can fieldwork driven by predictive species distribution models yield new rare or relevant geographic records? A case study with Neotropical snakes
Authors: Entiauspe‐Neto Omar M. , Dervanoski Darlan , Abegg Arthur Diesel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding species distribution patterns has been a major quest in biodiversity research. Due to their secretive habits and rarity, snakes have been historically underrepresented in assessments of geographic distribution range. In this work, we employ a pipeline for predictive model‐based species sampling, using Neotropical snakes as a model organism. We employ species distribution models based on verified point records for five candidate snake species of probable occurrence to Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil: Apostolepis dimidiata (Jan 1862), Erythrolamprus aesculapii (Linnaeus 1758), Helicops leopardinus (Schlegel 1837), Lygophis meridionalis (Schenkel 1901), and Micrurus corallinus (Merrem 1820). Based on the resulting models, we conducted fieldwork on areas with higher overlap of suitable ranges and probability of new records. Our study yields a new state record of A. dimidiata to Rio Grande do Sul and highlights the usefulness of species distribution models in eliciting priority areas for faunal assessments.
Service evaluation of R90 bleeding and platelet disorders gene panel in thrombocytopenia cases
Authors: Gurumurthy G. , Reynolds L. , Sutherland M. , Thachil J. , Grainger J. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryThis study examines the R90 bleeding and platelet disorders gene panel's utility in thrombocytopenia. The study analysed the correlations between the clinical features of patients with thrombocytopenia and genetic outcomes. The diagnostic yield was 46.6% (41/88) for the overall panel for all patients referred locally. Thrombocytopenia >12 months (95% CI = 19.0–191.0, p < 0.01), having a first‐degree relative with thrombocytopenia (16 vs. 7, p < 0.01) and a higher platelet count nadir (67.9 ± 35.0 vs. 39.4 ± 33.9 × 109/L, p < 0.05), were associated with genetic variants, suggesting these as indicators for genetic testing. This supports the R90's role in refining genetic testing criteria in thrombocytopenia.
A Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System version 2.1‐based predictive model for clinically significant prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Gelikman David G. , Azar William S. , Yilmaz Enis C. , Lin Yue , Shumaker Luke A. , Fang Andrew M. , Harmon Stephanie A. , Huang Erich P. , Parikh Sahil H. , Hyman Jason A. , Schuppe Kyle , Nix Jeffrey W. , Galgano Samuel J. , Merino Maria J. , Choyke Peter L. , Gurram Sandeep , Wood Bradford J. , Rais‐Bahrami Soroush , Pinto Peter A. , Turkbey Baris 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTo develop and validate a Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) version 2.1 (v2.1)‐based predictive model for diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), integrating clinical and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) data, and compare its performance with existing models.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from patients who underwent prospective mpMRI assessment using the PI‐RADS v2.1 scoring system and biopsy at our institution between April 2019 and December 2023. A ‘Clinical Baseline’ model using patient demographics and laboratory results and an ‘MRI Added’ model additionally incorporating PI‐RADS v2.1 scores and prostate volumes were created and validated on internal and external patients. Both models were compared against two previously published MRI‐based algorithms for csPCa using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis.ResultsA total of 1319 patients across internal and external cohorts were included. Our ‘MRI Added’ model demonstrated significantly improved discriminative ability (AUCinternal 0.88, AUCexternal 0.79) compared to our ‘Clinical Baseline’ model (AUCinternal 0.75, AUCexternal 0.68) (P < 0.001). The ‘MRI Added’ model also showed higher net benefits across various clinical threshold probabilities and compared to a ‘biopsy all’ approach, it reduced unnecessary biopsies (defined as biopsies without Gleason Grade Group ≥2 csPCa) by 27% in the internal cohort and 10% in the external cohort at a risk threshold of 25%. However, there was no significant difference in predictive ability and reduction in unnecessary biopsies between our model and comparative ones developed for PI‐RADS v2 and v1.ConclusionOur PI‐RADS v2.1‐based mpMRI model significantly enhances csPCa prediction, outperforming the traditional clinical model in accuracy and reduction of unnecessary biopsies. It proves promising across diverse patient populations, establishing an updated, integrated approach for detection and management of prostate cancer.
Anatomical adaptations of mangroves to the intertidal environment and their dynamic responses to various stresses
Authors: Madhavan Chithra , Meera Suraj Prasannakumari , Kumar Ajay 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMangroves are intertidal plants that survive extreme environmental conditions through unique adaptations. Various reviews on diverse physiological and biochemical stress responses of mangroves have been published recently. However, a review of how mangroves respond anatomically to stresses is lacking. This review presents major mangrove anatomical adaptations and their modifications in response to dynamic environmental stresses such as high salinity, flooding, extreme temperatures, varying light intensities, and pollution. The available research shows that plasticity of Casparian strips and suberin lamellae, variations in vessel architecture, formation of aerenchyma, thickening of the cuticle, and changes in the size and structure of salt glands occur in response to various stresses. Mangrove species show different responses correlated with the diversity and intensity of the stresses they face. The flexibility of these anatomical adaptations represents a key feature that determines the survival and fitness of mangroves. However, studies demonstrating these mechanisms in detail are relatively scarce, highlighting the need for further research. An in‐depth understanding of the structural adaptations of individual mangrove species could contribute to appropriate species selection in mangrove conservation and restoration activities.
Amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities in a woman with apolipoprotein E ε4 homozygotes treated with lecanemab for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Noguchi‐Shinohara Moeko , Komatsu Junji , Ono Kenjiro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundLecanemab (Leqembi®) is an anti‐amyloid monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, side effects may occur with lecanemab, including amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), especially in patients with apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) homozygous.Case PresentationA 69‐year‐old woman had a 2‐year history of worsening memory symptoms and was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment due to AD. Because she carries two copies of the E4 allele of APOE, her doctor did not recommend lecanemab treatment. However, she strongly desired lecanemab treatment and received four infusions of lecanemab. She had no symptoms or neurological abnormalities, but a head MRI before the fifth infusion showed moderate radiographic ARIA; therefore, she was admitted and treated with steroids. One month later, a head MRI showed the ARIA had disappeared.ConclusionThe indications of lecanemab treatment for patients with APOE4 homozygous must be carefully considered due to the higher risk of ARIA.
OptimAAPP, a smartphone insulin dose calculator for carbohydrate, fat, and protein: A cross‐over, randomised controlled trial in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes using multiple daily injection therapy
Authors: Smith Tenele A. , Venkatesh Nisha , Roem Kerryn , Lu Jean C. , Netzer Emma , Medioli Adrian , Szwec Stuart , O'Neal David N. , King Bruce R. , Smart Carmel E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsTo (1) evaluate the efficacy of OptimAAPP, a smartphone insulin dose calculator for carbohydrate, fat, and protein in managing glycaemia compared with carbohydrate counting in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes using flexible multiple daily injection therapy (MDI, ≥4 injections/day) and (2) assess user acceptability of OptimAAPP.MethodsIn this free‐living trial, participants aged 12–50 years were randomised to use carbohydrate counting or OptimAAPP for meal insulin dose calculation for 3 months, then use the alternate method for 3 months. The primary outcome, time‐in‐range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) was measured in weeks 3–4 of each arm using continuous glucose monitoring. The acceptability of OptimAAPP was assessed at end intervention using a purpose‐designed questionnaire.ResultsAn intention‐to‐treat analysis of 41 participants, mean age 28 ± 12 years and HbA1c 56 ± 10 mmol/mol (7.3 ± 0.9%) found no significant difference in glycaemic outcomes when using OptimAAPP compared with carbohydrate counting including time‐in‐range (70.5 vs. 67.6%, p = 0.102), above range (24.5% vs. 28.0%, p = 0.068), below range (4.9% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.318), and coefficient of variation (32.2% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.136). There was no severe hypoglycaemia. Participants reported that OptimAAPP was easy to use (79%), and they were confident in giving the recommended doses (82%). Barriers to use were the small food database and the time associated with food entry.ConclusionsIn adolescents and adults using flexible MDI therapy, OptimAAPP use did not produce glycaemic outcomes that were significantly different from carbohydrate counting. Participant views of OptimAAPP indicate a high level of acceptability. Increasing the size of the food database will likely enhance the user experience.
Stomatal Clogging by Aerosol Particles in Necrotised Pinus thunbergii Needles
Authors: Park Junhyung , Seo Dahye , Ahn Hyojun , Kim Ki Woo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFine structures were investigated on Pinus thunbergii needles in the coastal area of Seocheon, Korea. Both asymptomatic and necrotised needles were collected and subjected to electron microscopy and X‐ray microanalysis. Particles of varying sizes and shapes covered both the asymptomatic and necrotised needles. The ratio of clogged stomata to open stomata was significantly higher in necrotised needles. X‐ray microanalysis revealed particles composed of aluminium, calcium and silicon. However, sodium chloride crystals were rarely observed. These results suggest that needle necrosis in pine species may be associated with stomatal clogging by aerosol particles.
Clinicopathological features and prognosis of alpha‐fetoprotein‐producing colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cheng Yuqing , Zhang Xinwen , Li Ting , He Chongfang , Yang Haojun , Zhou Xiaoli , Huang Qin 
Published: December 2024

AimsAlpha‐fetoprotein (AFP)‐producing colorectal adenocarcinoma (AFPCRA) is uncommon, with obscure clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods and ResultsIn this retrospective comparison study on surgically resected colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRA, n = 2389), we investigated and compared clinicopathological and prognostic features between AFPCRA cases with elevated pre‐operative serum AFP levels, as the AFPCRA study group (n = 49, 2.1%), and the exact sex‐, age‐ and stage‐matched CRA cases as the control group at a 1:2 ratio during the study period from 2011 to 2021. The AFPCRA group was further divided into low and high serum AFP‐level subgroups at the cut‐off of 8.4 ng/ml. Compared to the control group, the AFPCR group showed a significantly higher frequency in extramural venous invasion, intermediate/high tumour budding grade, poor tumour differentiation, liver and distant metastases, mixed and hepatoid adenocarcinomas. The 5‐year overall survival rate was significantly lower in the AFPCRA group (69.2%) than in the control (87.2%) (P = 0.002). The high AFP‐level AFPCRA subgroup displayed a significantly higher prevalence of the left colon location than the low AFP‐level subgroup. Risk factors of overall survival for the AFPCRA group included lymphovascular, perineural and extramural venous invasion, poor tumour differentiation, tumour budding grade, distant metastasis, pN, pM and pathological summary stages, while distant metastasis was the only independent prognostic risk factor.ConclusionsAFPCRA was rare and may be associated with aggressive behaviour and poor prognosis. These preliminary findings in this single‐centre study remain to be validated by future studies with larger samples.
Targeting Tn Antigen Suppresses Aberrant O‐Glycosylation‐Elicited Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Du Tan , Dong Xichen , Tan Jingyu , Chen Xiangyu , Liu Jian , Wen Tao , Ru Xiaoli 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Tn antigen, a truncated O‐glycan representing aberrant mucin‐type O‐glycosylation, is frequently observed in human breast cancer. However, the functional role of Tn antigen in breast cancer metastasis remains insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the expression profile of Tn antigen in breast cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target for inhibiting metastasis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the levels of Tn antigen expression in breast cancer tissues and its clinical relevance was analyzed accordingly. Tn‐positive breast cancer cell lines were generated through disruption of the Cosmc gene. The functional roles of Tn antigen in breast cancer metastasis were studied in both in vitro and in vivo models. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Tn antigen promotes breast cancer metastasis. Our findings revealed that Tn antigen was prevalent in breast carcinomas, particularly within metastatic lesions. Tn antigen expression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and poorer patient survival. Tn antigen‐expressing breast cancer cells exhibited enhanced invasiveness and metastasis, along with significant activation of EMT and FAK signaling pathways. Targeting Tn‐positive cells with HPA (Helix pomatia agglutinin) demonstrated the suppression of invasive and metastatic capabilities, EMT program, and FAK signaling in vitro, as well as reduced pulmonary metastasis in a xenotransplant mouse model. This study reveals that Tn antigen‐mediated aberrant O‐glycosylation plays a contributing role in breast cancer metastasis, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target in clinical practice.
Assessment of image quality on the diagnostic performance of clinicians and deep learning models: Cross‐sectional comparative reader study
Authors: Oloruntoba A. I. , Asghari‐Jafarabadi M. , Sashindranath M. , Ingvar Å. , Adler N. R. , Vico‐Alonso C. , Niklasson L. , Caixinha A. L. , Hiscutt E. , Holmes Z. , Assersen K. B. , Adamson S. , Jegathees T. , Bertelsen T. , Velasco‐Tamariz V. , Helkkula T. , Kristiansen S. , Toholka R. , Goh M. S. , Chamberlain A. , McCormack C. , Vestergaard T. , Mehta D. , Nguyen T. D. , Ge Z. , Soyer H. P. , Mar V 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundSkin cancer is a prevalent and clinically significant condition, with early and accurate diagnosis being crucial for improved patient outcomes. Dermoscopy and artificial intelligence (AI) hold promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy. However, the impact of image quality, particularly high dynamic range (HDR) conversion in smartphone images, on diagnostic performance remains poorly understood.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of varying image qualities, including HDR‐enhanced dermoscopic images, on the diagnostic capabilities of clinicians and a convolutional neural network (CNN) model.MethodsEighteen dermatology clinicians assessed 303 images of 101 skin lesions that were categorized into three image quality groups: low quality (LQ), high quality (HQ) and enhanced quality (EQ) produced using HDR‐style conversion. Clinicians participated in a two part reader study that required their diagnosis, management and confidence level for each image assessed.ResultsIn the binary classification of lesions, clinicians had the greatest diagnostic performance with HQ images, with sensitivity (77.3%; CI 69.1–85.5), specificity (63.1%; CI 53.7–72.5) and accuracy (70.2%; CI 61.3–79.1). For the multiclass classification, the overall performance was also best with HQ images, attaining the greatest specificity (91.9%; CI 83.2–95.0) and accuracy (51.5%; CI 48.4–54.7). Clinicians had a superior performance (median correct diagnoses) to the CNN model for the binary classification of LQ and EQ images, but their performance was comparable on the HQ images. However, in the multiclass classification, the CNN model significantly outperformed the clinicians on HQ images (p < 0.01).ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of image quality on the diagnostic performance of clinicians and deep learning models. This has significant implications for telehealth reporting and triage.
Assessing scientific knowledge on Ecuadorian bony fishes from a scientometric perspective
Authors: Robalino‐Mejía Carlos , García‐Rada Elka , Mejía Diego 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBony fishes play a pivotal role in Ecuador's social, economic, and ecological aspects. However, the current state of scientific knowledge on this group remains poorly understood. This study aims to assess the scientific output related to Ecuadorian bony fishes, identifying both well‐researched and understudied areas. A scientometric analysis was conducted using the Scopus database, evaluating 265 peer‐reviewed publications on marine and freshwater bony fishes. The results revealed that 55.5% of studies focused on marine environments, 41.9% on freshwater ecosystems, and 2.6% on mixed environments. The earliest study was published more than 130 years ago, with a marked increase in research output since 2018. Geographic and regional disparities in research efforts were evident, with the Galapagos Islands hosting the highest number of studies at the provincial level and the coastal region leading in regional publications. Additionally, there has been a notable increase in the participation of women in research over time; however, it remains significantly below parity. English was the dominant language in these publications. On average, the delay between data collection and publication was 8.43 years, which may lead to outdated or ineffective management decisions. This underscores the importance of continually updating data to ensure the accuracy of conservation status assessments. Both marine and freshwater species that were endemic have been less studied compared to non‐endemic species. Most of the studied species were categorized as “least concern,” although a significant proportion of species classified as “data deficient” have started to be investigated by Ecuadorian researchers. The categories “endangered” and “near threatened” were the least studied, highlighting the urgent need for conservation initiatives targeting these vulnerable taxa. Biases in the number of studies among families, species, and geographic distribution indicate the need to expand research efforts to underrepresented taxa and regions. This analysis underscores the necessity of diversifying methodologies and broadening the research focus to more comprehensively address the challenges associated with the conservation and management of bony fishes in Ecuador.
Role of Ultrasound Application in the Production, Processing, and Preservation of Edible Flowers: A Review
Authors: Benimana Fidele , Kawata Kentaro , Kong Fanbin , Roy Anupam , Mohan Anand 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEdible flowers, with their abundance of nutrients, low‐calorie count, and beneficial compounds, are seen as a choice for a diet. However, the high moisture content in edible flowers makes it challenging to store, transport, and process edible flowers effectively, resulting in shelf‐life processing difficulties and increased risk of spoilage. Ultrasound technology has become popular in food processing due to its versatility in cleaning, preserving, freezing, and thawing emulsions formation and drying. This article review explores using ultrasound to improve the production and processing of edible flowers. The review discusses the impact of ultrasound on the drying process, extracting bioactive compounds, and extending the postharvest lifespan while enhancing the overall preservation of edible flowers. Ultrasonic technology has the advantage of promoting the development of the edible flower industry.