bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract C04: Colorectal cancer screening and long-term lifestyle changes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Berstad Paula , Løberg Magnus , Larsen Inger Kristin , Kalager Mette , Holme Øyvind , Bretthauer Michael , Hoff Geir 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: There is concern that cancer screening may result in apparent perception of health security and thereby reduce people's incentives for changes towards a favorable lifestyle. The present large-scale population based trial investigates long-term effects of colorectal cancer screening on lifestyle changes.
Methods: The present study evaluated changes in lifestyle after 11-years of follow-up among men and women (aged 50-55 years) randomized to a flexible sigmoidoscopy screening for colorectal cancer or to a no-screening control group in the Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Screening Prevention trial (NORCCAP). The lifestyle factors (including body weight, smoking status, physical exercise and consumption of selected dietary items) were assessed by a questionnaire at inclusion and after three and 11 years, respectively. We tested differences in lifestyle changes over the 11-year follow-up period in single factors and total score (0-4 points, higher score translates to more healthy lifestyle) between individuals randomized to screening and control groups, and between screening participants with positive and negative screening results by logistic regression and ANCOVA analysis, adjusting for covariates including baseline lifestyle differences.
Results: A total of 3,043 (44%) individuals randomized to screening and 2,819 (40%) randomized to the control group completed the questionnaires both at inclusion and after 11 years. We found a small, less favorable change in lifestyle in the screening group (total lifestyle score 1.43 at inclusion; 1.58 after 11 years) compared to the control group (total lifestyle score 1.49 at inclusion; 1.67 after 11 years); adjusted difference -0.05 (95% CI -0.09 to -0.01; p=0.029). 11-year change in total lifestyle score was less favorable in screening participants with positive compared to those with negative screening result (adjusted difference -0.16 (95% CI -0.25 to -0.08; p&lt;0.001)).
Conclusions: Invitation to colorectal cancer screening has no large long-term adverse effect on lifestyle. However, the present study suggests that patients with positive screening results may be inclined to a less favorable lifestyle compared to those who tested negative at screening.
Citation Format: Paula Berstad, Magnus Løberg, Inger Kristin Larsen, Mette Kalager, Øyvind Holme, Michael Bretthauer, Geir Hoff. Colorectal cancer screening and long-term lifestyle changes: A randomized controlled trial. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr C04.
Abstract C15: Differences in the characteristics of those receiving smoking cessation advice
Authors: Cornelius Monica E. , Cummings K Michael 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Clinical practice guidelines recommend that healthcare providers assess the tobacco use status of their patients and advise those that smoke to quit. Studies show that advice to stop smoking delivered by a doctor is associated with a 2-fold increase in smoking cessation. However, not all smokers who are seen by a doctor get advised to stop smoking. This study describes the characteristics of smokers who received advice to stop smoking when they were seen by a health care provider. Based upon previous studies, we hypothesized that older smokers with poorer self-reported health, and greater nicotine addiction would be more likely to report receiving advice to stop smoking when seen by a health provider. Data for this analysis are from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) US adult smoker cohort (N=6,669) survey conducted annually from 2002-2011. Participants who reported having visited a healthcare provider within the past year of survey were eligible for inclusion. Trends in the prevalence of participants reporting cessation advice and quit assistance were assessed. Repeated measures logistic regression using generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to model receipt of counseling. Predictors of receipt of advice to stop smoking included demographic characteristics (age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and household income), heaviness of smoking (a measure of nicotine dependence), previous quit attempts, and self-reported health status. Over 60% of respondents reported having been seen by a healthcare provider, with over 60% receiving advice to stop smoking. Those who received advice to stop smoking were more likely to be older, report ‘fair’ or ‘poor’ health, and to have reported a quit attempt since their previous interview. Among those who received advice to quit, less than one third received a referral or quit prescription, and less than one half received a stop smoking pamphlet from their healthcare provider. Results indicate that not all smokers get advice to stop smoking when seen by their doctor and those who do appear to be older and less healthy, and more receptive to a quitting message based upon past quit attempts. These data suggest that health care providers may be profiling their patients in terms of those who are in need of cessation counseling rather than uniformly providing this advice to all patients. Among those who received advice to stop smoking the majority received no other type of assistance suggesting that delivery of cessation services to smokers is inadequate.
Citation Format: Monica E. Cornelius, K Michael Cummings. Differences in the characteristics of those receiving smoking cessation advice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr C15.
Abstract C32: Associations between systemic inflammatory markers and elevated serum prostate specific antigen in men with no evidence of prostatic disease
Authors: Vira Manish , Freedland Stephen J. , Vidal Adriana C. , Gan Wenqi , Taioli Emanuela 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Systemic inflammation has been reported to be associated with progression and poorer survival for cancer of several sites, including prostate cancer. However, its relationship with cancer risk remains inconclusive. We investigated the associations between systemic inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a cohort of presumably healthy men without any prostatic disease, aged &gt;= 40 years, who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2002-2008 (n=4,069).
Methods: Serum total PSA levels and concentrations of systemic inflammatory (serum C-reactive protein [CRP], plasma fibrinogen, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and platelet count) and oxidative stress markers (uric acid, vitamin C, and vitamin A) were recorded. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ratio and platelet-lymphocyte (PLR) ratio were calculated. Student's t-test was used to examine whether there was any difference in the log-transformed mean of each marker between normal (&lt; 4 ng/mL) versus elevated serum PSA (&gt;=4 ng/mL). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between each marker and serum PSA by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: Of the 4,069 men, 259 (6.4%) of them had an elevated serum PSA (&gt;=4 ng/mL). Men with elevated serum PSA had significantly higher geometric mean levels of serum CRP, plasma fibrinogen, NLR, and PLR compared to men with normal serum PSA (p-values &lt;0.01). Elevated serum PSA was positively associated with plasma fibrinogen (OR= 1.79; 95% CI, 1.18-2.71) and NLR (1.17; 95% CI, 1.05-1.29), after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, education, race, and medications.
Conclusions: Fibrinogen and NLR were associated with elevated serum PSA in men without any prostatic disease. These markers may play a role in prostate cancer risk. Future studies are needed to examine fibrinogen's and NLR's relationship with prostate cancer progression.
Citation Format: Alicia C. McDonald, Manish Vira, Stephen J. Freedland, Adriana C. Vidal, Wenqi Gan, Emanuela Taioli. Associations between systemic inflammatory markers and elevated serum prostate specific antigen in men with no evidence of prostatic disease. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr C32.
Abstract C46: Effects of lycopene- and isoflavone-rich dietary interventions on serum adipokine concentrations among postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk
Authors: Llanos Adana A.M. , Peng Juan , Pennell Michael L. , Krok Jessica L. , Vitolins Mara Z. , Degraffinreid Cecilia R. , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women increases as body mass index increases, likely due to the biological effects of the obesity-related adipokines, adiponectin and leptin. Few studies have investigated the effects of carotenoids and isoflavones on circulating adipokines among postmenopausal women. Our aim was to examine the effects of lycopene- and isoflavone-rich diets on adipokine concentrations in overweight and obese postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk.
Methods: Seventy women were enrolled in a 26-week, 2-arm (tomato and soy based diets, 10 weeks each, with 2-week wash-out periods in between) longitudinal, cross-over trial. Changes in serum adiponectin, leptin and the adiponectin to leptin ratio (A/L) were examined through linear mixed models, with ratio estimates corresponding to post-intervention adipokine concentrations relative to pre-intervention concentrations.
Results: Among all women, the lycopene-rich intervention yielded a 9% increase in serum adiponectin concentration (Ratio=1.09, 95% CI: 1.00-1.18), with a stronger effect observed among non-obese women (Ratio=1.13, 95% CI: 1.02-1.25). Following the isoflavone-rich intervention, adiponectin decreased 9% overall (Ratio=0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.97), with a larger reduction observed among non-obese women (Ratio=0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.98). Overall, no significant changes in leptin or the A/L ratio were observed following either intervention.
Conclusions: Increasing dietary consumption of lycopene- and isoflavone-rich foods may have beneficial effects on adipokine concentrations, specifically increasing adiponectin and decreasing leptin, among postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk. Additional studies are essential to confirm these effects and to elucidate the specific mechanisms that may make these phytonutrients practical as breast cancer chemopreventive agents.
Citation Format: Adana A.M. Llanos, Juan Peng, Michael L. Pennell, Jessica L. Krok, Mara Z. Vitolins, Cecilia R. Degraffinreid, Electra D. Paskett. Effects of lycopene- and isoflavone-rich dietary interventions on serum adipokine concentrations among postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr C46.
Abstract CN02-01: Factors that impinge on the p53 pathway modify cancer risk
Authors: Lozano Guillermina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Mdm2 and Mdm4 are critical inhibitors of the tumor suppressor p53 and keep p53 activity at bay under normal physiological conditions. Many tumors thus inactivate the p53 pathway by over producing Mdm2 and/or Mdm4. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Mdm2 was recently identified that associates with increased levels of Mdm2 and increased risk of breast cancer in Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients. To directly test the role of SNP309 in cancer risk, we generated SNP mice and show that mice inheriting two copies of SNP309G are at increased risk of developing tumors in normal mice compared to SNP309T homozygous mice. To examine the effects of environmental factors and carcinogens, we treated these mice with a low dose of ionizing radiation or with Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BaP) a carcinogen found in tobacco smoke. Radiation increased the risk of cancers in SNP309G mice. However, in the skin model of BaP, the SNP309T allele conferred increased risk of papillomas. The data suggest that factors that regulate Mdm2 levels vary between different tissues and ultimately impinge on the risk of tumor development.
Citation Format: Guillermina Lozano. Factors that impinge on the p53 pathway modify cancer risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr CN02-01.
Abstract CN06-01: Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE): Overview of its paradigm and wide applicability even without tumor tissue
Authors: Ogino Shuji 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This lecture illustrates “Molecular Pathological Epidemiology (MPE)” (= Molecular Pathology + Epidemiology)” (Ogino et al. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; Chia et al. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2012; Spitz et al. Cancer Discovery 2012, etc.) as simply as possible. In conventional epidemiology, disease is nominally regarded as a homogeneous entity, even when “omics” technologies are used for exposure assessment. However, carcinogenesis represents fundamentally heterogeneous process, differing from person to person. As implicated by the “Unique Tumor (Disease) Principle” (Ogino et al. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2012; Ogino et al. Mod Pathol 2013; many TCGA papers), the inherent nature of disease heterogeneity has necessitated a paradigm shift in epidemiology, leading to the emergence of MPE, which is defined as “epidemiology of molecular heterogeneity of disease” (Ogino et al. Oncogene 2013). In MPE, we dissect complex interplay between environmental, dietary and lifestyle factors, molecular alterations, and disease occurrence and progression. MPE research can be conducted in any epidemiology cohort, even without tumor tissue, as heterogeneity of disease biology can be taken into analysis. MPE is a logical next step of genome-wide association studies [“GWAS-MPE Approach” (Ogino et al. Gut 2011)]. Although MPE is a promising approach (Chan et al. NEJM 2007; Chan et al. JAMA 2009; Morikawa et al. JAMA 2011; Liao et al. NEJM 2012; Nishihara et al. JAMA 2013; Nishihara et al. NEJM 2013, etc.), challenges include lack of international guidelines and standardized statistical methods to assess etiologic heterogeneity, as well as paucity of interdisciplinary expertise and training programs (Ogino et al. Am J Epidemiol 2012). Because disease heterogeneity is a ubiquitous phenomenon, the MPE paradigm should become routine to advance epidemiology in the 21st century, and move us towards personalized prevention and treatment.
Citation Format: Shuji Ogino. Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE): Overview of its paradigm and wide applicability even without tumor tissue. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr CN06-01.
Abstract ED04-03: Interpretation of metabolomic data: Challenges and approaches
Authors: Krumsiek Jan , Gieger Christian , Suhre Karsten 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Revealing biologically relevant information from metabolomic experiments typically involves multiple data analysis steps, which are performed on different abstraction levels: primary data analysis (peak detection, metabolite identification, etc.), data preprocessing (normalization, outlier detection, etc.), biostatistic analysis (hypothesis testing, clustering, etc.), and data integration for putting the results into a larger biological context. For many of these tasks, a large pool of well-established methods exists and in various aspects we can borrow from experience on other omics technologies. However, specificities of metabolomic data such as the usually incomplete coverage of the metabolic space also require novel concepts for data analysis and interpretation. After a brief overview over typical challenges in metabolomic data interpretation, this lecture will introduce two examples for such concepts. First, the analysis of metabolite ratios as proxies for reaction constants will be discussed. Second, the reconstruction of in vivo metabolic networks from metabolomic data and the application of these networks for data integration and interpretation will be shown.
Citation Format: Gabi Kastenmüller, Jan Krumsiek, Christian Gieger, Karsten Suhre. Interpretation of metabolomic data: Challenges and approaches. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr ED04-03.
Abstract SS02-02: Does it hurt to try? Effects of e-cigarette sampling on smoking behavior and motivation to quit
Authors: Wagener Theodore L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use continues to increase rapidly with more smokers and non-smokers beginning to try to them. The potential impact of trying e-cigarettes is not well understood, but there are concerns that they may decrease smokers' motivation to quit smoking or be used as a bridge product for current smokers when they are in situations where smoking is prohibited. Using a sample of current smokers, uninterested in quitting, a pilot clinical laboratory trial was conducted investigating the impact of e-cigarette experimentation and short-term use on smokers' motivation and confidence to quit, withdrawal symptoms, and smoking behavior. The findings suggest that for current smokers, e-cigarette experimentation increased motivation and confidence to quit smoking (p&lt;.05) and these continued to increase with continued short-term use. E-cigarettes were effective in managing smoking cravings and urges and were effective in helping smokers reduce their number of cigarettes smoked per day (44% reduction).
Citation Format: Theodore L. Wagener. Does it hurt to try? Effects of e-cigarette sampling on smoking behavior and motivation to quit. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr SS02-02.
Generation of Endothelial Cells From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Williams Ian M. , Wu Joseph C. 
Published: May 2019

Endothelial cells (ECs) are critical for several aspects of cardiovascular disease therapy, including vascular regeneration, personalized drug development, and tissue engineering. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) afford us with an unprecedented opportunity to produce virtually unlimited quantities of human ECs. In this review, we highlight key developments and outstanding challenges in our ability to derive ECs de novo from hPSCs. Furthermore, we consider strategies for recapitulating the vessel- and tissue-specific functional heterogeneity of ECs in vitro. Finally, we discuss ongoing attempts to utilize hPSC-derived ECs and their progenitors for various therapeutic applications. Continued progress in generating hPSC-derived ECs will profoundly enhance our ability to discover novel drug targets, revascularize ischemic tissues, and engineer clinically relevant tissue constructs.

Visual Overview—
An online visual overview is available for this article.
Disruption of the Extracellular Matrix Progressively Impairs Central Nervous System Vascular Maturation Downstream of β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Jensen Lasse D. , Hot Belma , Ramsköld Daniel , Germano Raoul F.V. , Yokota Chika , Giatrellis Sarantis , Lauschke Volker M. , Hubmacher Dirk , Li Minerva X. , Hupe Mike , Arnold Thomas D. , Sandberg Rickard , Frisén Jonas , Trusohamn Marta , Martowicz Agnieszka , Wisniewska-Kruk Joanna , Nyqvist Daniel , Adams Ralf H. , Apte Suneel S. , Vanhollebeke Benoit , Stenman Jan M. , Kele Julianna 
Published: May 2019

Objective—
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway orchestrates development of the blood-brain barrier, but the downstream mechanisms involved at different developmental windows and in different central nervous system (CNS) tissues have remained elusive.

Approach and Results—

Here, we create a new mouse model allowing spatiotemporal investigations of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by induced overexpression of Axin1, an inhibitor of β-catenin signaling, specifically in endothelial cells (
Axin1

iEC

−

OE

). AOE (Axin1 overexpression) in
Axin1

iEC

−

OE

mice at stages following the initial vascular invasion of the CNS did not impair angiogenesis but led to premature vascular regression followed by progressive dilation and inhibition of vascular maturation resulting in forebrain-specific hemorrhage 4 days post-AOE. Analysis of the temporal Wnt/β-catenin driven CNS vascular development in zebrafish also suggested that
Axin1

iEC

−

OE

led to CNS vascular regression and impaired maturation but not inhibition of ongoing angiogenesis within the CNS. Transcriptomic profiling of isolated, β-catenin signaling-deficient endothelial cells during early blood-brain barrier–development (E11.5) revealed ECM (extracellular matrix) proteins as one of the most severely deregulated clusters. Among the 20 genes constituting the forebrain endothelial cell-specific response signature, 8 (
Adamtsl2
,
Apod
,
Ctsw
,
Htra3
,
Pglyrp1
,
Spock2
,
Ttyh2
, and
Wfdc1
) encoded bona fide ECM proteins. This specific β-catenin-responsive ECM signature was also repressed in
Axin1

iEC

−

OE

and endothelial cell-specific β-catenin–knockout mice (
Ctnnb
1-KO
iEC
) during initial blood-brain barrier maturation (E14.5), consistent with an important role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in orchestrating the development of the forebrain vascular ECM.

Conclusions—
These results suggest a novel mechanism of establishing a CNS endothelium-specific ECM signature downstream of Wnt-β-catenin that impact spatiotemporally on blood-brain barrier differentiation during forebrain vessel development.

Visual Overview—
An online visual overview is available for this article.
Neuro-occupation: A self-organizing approach to conflate the brain, context, and occupation
Authors: Derakhshanrad Seyed Alireza , Piven Emily 
Published: May 2019

Background. Neuro-occupation was coined to conflate three distinctly different concepts: the brain, context, and occupation. Discussing neuro-occupation has been more of an academic exercise rather than cogently researched for everyday practice, perhaps due to the seemingly incongruity among the concepts. Purpose. This article traces the self-organization approach, an assumption of complex systems, to understand how the concepts can be conflated. Method. Deductive category application, a qualitative descriptive method for tracing theoretical assumptions, was drawn from the lived experiences of 11 Iranian participants with cerebrovascular accidents. Matrix construction aided collection of data for analysis. Findings. The self-organization approach, underpinning neuro-occupation, was shown to be traceable, explaining how occupational participation may be influenced by the brain circular causality and perturbations provided by the context. Implications. By understanding the dynamics of self-organization, occupational therapists can identify and create salient features that may motivate and enable clients to enhance occupational participation.