bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake
Authors: von Specht Sebastian , Ozturk Ugur , Veh Georg , Cotton Fabrice , Korup Oliver 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The propagation of a seismic rupture on a fault introduces spatial variations
in the seismic wave field surrounding the fault. This directivity effect
results in larger shaking amplitudes in the rupture propagation direction.
Its seismic radiation pattern also causes amplitude variations between the
strike-normal and strike-parallel components of horizontal ground motion. We
investigated the landslide response to these effects during the 2016 Kumamoto
earthquake (Mw 7.1) in central Kyushu (Japan). Although the
distribution of some 1500 earthquake-triggered landslides as a function of
rupture distance is consistent with the observed Arias intensity, the
landslides were more concentrated to the northeast of the
southwest–northeast striking rupture. We examined several landslide
susceptibility factors: hillslope inclination, the median amplification
factor (MAF) of ground shaking, lithology, land cover, and topographic
wetness. None of these factors sufficiently explains the landslide
distribution or orientation (aspect), although the landslide head scarps have
an elevated hillslope inclination and MAF. We propose a new physics-based
ground-motion model (GMM) that
accounts for the seismic rupture effects, and we demonstrate that the
low-frequency seismic radiation pattern is consistent with the overall
landslide distribution. Its spatial pattern is influenced by the rupture
directivity effect, whereas landslide aspect is influenced by amplitude
variations between the fault-normal and
fault-parallel motion at frequencies <2 Hz. This azimuth dependence
implies that comparable landslide concentrations can occur at different
distances from the rupture. This quantitative link between the prevalent
landslide aspect and the low-frequency seismic radiation pattern can improve
coseismic landslide hazard assessment.
Financial Statement Comparability and New Debt Issues
Authors: Crabtree Aaron , Ouyang Bo , Wan Huishan 
Published: April 2019

Using a large sample of firms issuing new debts, this paper investigates how a firm’s financial statements comparability affects its cost of new debt issues. We predict and find that higher comparability is associated with (1) higher bond ratings and (2) lower bond yield spreads when companies issue new debts. Our results are consistent with the view that bond rating analysts and bond investor favor greater comparability when they evaluate new bonds and make investment decisions.
Aprendices y expertos en el aprendizaje incidental en baloncesto. Dos procesamientos cognitivos diferentes
Authors: Camacho-Lazarraga P. , Calvo-Lluch Á. 
Published: April 2019

El objetivo del estudio es revisar y evaluar sistemáticamente la literatura relacionada con las estrategias de enseñanza incidental en atletas nóveles y expertos en el aprendizaje de habilidades relacionadas con el baloncesto, con objeto de analizar los efectos subyacentes entre dos procesos cognitivos diferentes en el aprendizaje y el rendimiento. Durante el proceso de búsqueda se consultaron las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus y PsycInfo, además de otras fuentes de investigación, siendo finalmente seleccionados 26 estudios. Los resultados indican que, en líneas generales, reducir la cantidad de información que procesan los jugadores produce un efecto positivo en el aprendizaje y el rendimiento. Los atletas con nivel de experiencia bajo en el dominio de una habilidad se benefician de un estilo de enseñanza que favorezca un aprendizaje incidental. Los atletas expertos se basan en un procesamiento más intuitivo que los jugadores nóveles.
Law Enforcement Access to Encrypted Data: Legislative Responses and the Charter
Authors: Penney Steven , Gibbs Dylan 
Published: April 2019

In our digital age, encryption represents both a tremendous social benefit and a significant threat to public safety. While it provides the confidence and trust essential for digital communications and transactions, wrongdoers can also use it to shield incriminating evidence from law enforcement, potentially in perpetuity. There are two main legal reforms that have been proposed to address this conundrum: requiring encryption providers to give police “exceptional access” to decrypted data, and empowering police to compel individuals decrypt their own data.
This article evaluates each of these alternatives in the context of policy and constitutional law. We conclude that exceptional access, though very likely constitutional, creates too great a risk of data insecurity to justify its benefits to law enforcement and public safety. Compelled decryption, in contrast, would provide at least a partial solution without unduly compromising data security. And while it would inevitably attract constitutional scrutiny, it could be readily designed to comply with the Charter. By requiring warrants to compel users to decrypt and giving evidentiary immunity to the act of decryption, our proposal would prevent inquisitorial fishing expeditions yet allow the decrypted information itself to be used for investigative and prosecutorial purposes.
Origines et évolution du droit québécois de l’absence : de l’existence incertaine aux présomptions de vie et de mort
Authors: Cloutier Étienne 
Published: April 2019

Le présent article passe en revue les premières manifestations de l’institution de l’absence en droit romain et dans l’ancien droit français, pour ensuite retracer les origines — historiques et conceptuelles — du droit québécois de l’absence, et de détailler son évolution, du Code civil du Bas-Canada jusqu’au Code civil du Québec.
Il cherche aussi à mettre en relief l’influence qu’a eue sur l’état actuel du droit québécois le traitement dans les systèmes de droit continental — napoléonien et germanique — de cette question.
De plus, il entend démontrer que c’est non seulement dans l’optique de s’arrimer au développement technologique de l’époque, mais également devant le constat de l’impraticabilité de l’idée, propre au modèle napoléonien, du maintien de l’incertitude quant à la vie ou la mort de l’absent, que le législateur québécois l’a abandonnée au profit de celle, issue du droit germanique, selon laquelle sa vie est présumée jusqu’à ce qu’une preuve contraire soit suffisante.
Il se questionne, ultimement, sur les développements à venir en matière d’absence en droit québécois.
Sistema de trazabilidad de la cadena de suministro agroalimentario para cooperativas de frutas y hortalizas basado en la tecnología Blockchain
Authors: Borrero Juan D 
Published: April 2019

Blockchain se ha convertido en una tecnología disruptiva que tiene la capacidad de transformar la industria agroalimentaria, puesto que promete resolver muchos problemas relacionados con la falta de confianza en la trazabilidad y el producto que adquieren los consumidores. Sin embargo, las partes implicadas en la cadena de suministro de productos agroalimentarios son numerosas y están físicamente dispersas, lo que dificulta el manejo de datos e información. Como resultado, el proceso de producción no es transparente y la confianza es difícil de construir.Para ser más exitosas en la economía globalizada actual, las cooperativas deben focalizarse en ofrecer mayor transparencia. Este documento propone un sistema de trazabilidad para una cooperativa agrícola basado en la tecnología blockchain, para resolver la crisis de confianza en la cadena de suministro de los productos agroalimentarios. La aplicación de técnicas de blockchain a la trazabilidad del producto agrario no solo amplía el dominio de la aplicación de la tecnología blockchain, sino que también apoya la generación de confianza entre los diferentes agentes de la cadena. Se exploran las posibles implicaciones del blockchain para los alimentos frescos mediante el desarrollo de una prueba de concepto (PoC) en el ámbito de la trazabilidad agroalimentaria, incorporando, además, la tecnología de los contratos inteligentes. Los hallazgos de la investigación contribuyen a una mejor comprensión de la tecnología blockchain para las diversas partes interesadas en la cadena de alimentos frescos, especialmente para las cooperativas, siendo una oportunidad para la mejora de la reputación y competitividad en una economía altamente globalizada.
Association and diagnostic value of serum SPINK4 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xie Mingzhi , Li Kezhi , Li Jilin , Lu Dongcheng , Hu Bangli 
Published: April 2019

The role of serum serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 4 (SPINK4), in colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the association and diagnostic value of serum SPINK4 in CRC. A total of 70 preoperative CRC patients, 30 postoperative CRC patients, 30 gastric cancer patients, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we found that the serum SPINK4 level was significantly increased in preoperative CRC compared with postoperative CRC patients, gastric cancer patients, and healthy controls (p < 0.05). The serum SPINK4 level was remarkably elevated in colon cancer compared with rectal cancer and was enhanced in the M1 stage compared with the M0 stage (p < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of serum SPINK4 level in the diagnosis of CRC was 0.9186, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.886 and 0.900, respectively, and a cut-off value of 2.065. There was no significant difference between high and low expression of serum SPINK4 regarding the overall survival time and disease-free survival (p > 0.05). This study demonstrated that the serum SPINK4 level increased in CRC and was associated with the location and distant metastasis of CRC. It had a high diagnostic value in CRC but was not associated with the survival of CRC patients.
Analysis of Knowledge Management Practice Studies among the Plasmodium falciparum Positive Patients Attending out Patient Departments in Awka, South Anambra State
Authors: Obasi Doris O. , Azorji Johnpaul N. , Onyenwe Nathaniel E. , Duru Obianuju O. 
Published: April 2019

Aim: To analyze the Knowledge Management Practice Studies among the Plasmodium falciparum positive patients attending outpatient departments in AWKA, South Anambra state.
Study Design: Blood samples were randomly collected from 210 febrile patients attending the OPD and interviewed on malaria knowledge and management practice, using semi-structured questionnaire from three different clinical laboratories, two of which are hospitals.
Place and duration of Study: This study was carried out in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology unit of Anambra State University teaching Hospital, Awka South, South-East Nigeria between February and August, 2013.
Methodology: Thick & thin blood smears were stained and examined under microscope. At least 100 oil immersion fields were examined for diagnosis and parasite count was done against 200 WBC from thick smear. The questionnaire was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS (P < 0.05).
Results: The national drug policy for malaria treatment during the study period were found to be pyrimethamine, co-trimoxazole, sulphamethaxazole, and in few cases arthemether/lumefantrine. The prevalence rate of P. falciparum was 74.8% (157/210), while those on both sexes were 56.1 % and 43.9 % in females and males respectively. Only 44.3%, 32.4%, 30.5% of the population studied showed good knowledge, attitude and practice respectively towards malaria infections.
Conclusion: The prevalence of P. falciparum were 22.3% and 21.1% in ages 5- 14 and 45- 54 respectively. Studies revealed that most people have good knowledge of malaria but give less attention to its preventive and control measures, thereby presenting very poor attitude and poor practice even when exposed to the infection. These issues may pose a problem, such as drug resistance when proper intervention measures are not followed.
Panax notoginseng saponins alleviate skeletal muscle insulin resistance by regulating the IRS1–PI3K–AKT signaling pathway and GLUT4 expression
Authors: Guo Xuan , Sun Wen , Luo Guangbin , Wu Lili , Xu Guangyuan , Hou Dan , Hou Yi , Guo Xiangyu , Mu Xiaohong , Qin Lingling , Liu Tonghua 
Published: April 2019

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are a commonly used traditional medicine to treat diabetes in China. Recent studies have confirmed their anti‐diabetic effects, but the underlying mechanisms have remained unclear. The present study was designed to explore whether PNS decrease hyperglycemia by improving insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms. The anti‐diabetic effects of PNS were analyzed in a skeletal myoblast cell line, C2C12, and in high fat diet‐induced diabetic KKAy mice. C2C12 cells were treated with PNS (50, 100, and 200 μg·L−1) and examined for glucose uptake, cell viability and expression of components of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. KKAy mice were intraperitoneally injected with PNS (200 mg·kg−1) for 6 weeks. Body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin, serum lipid, glucose and insulin tolerance were measured to evaluate the anti‐diabetic effects of PNS. Pathological changes, apoptosis and the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway were analyzed in KKAy skeletal muscle. PNS significantly increased insulin‐induced glucose uptake, but did not affect the cell viability of C2C12 cells. In addition, PNS reduced blood glucose and serum insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance of KKAy mice. Pathological changes and apoptosis of skeletal muscle were relieved by PNS treatment. Moreover, PNS treatment enhanced expression of mRNA encoding IRS1 and GLUT4, as well as the protein expression of phosphorylated (p) ‐insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), p‐PI3K, p‐AKT and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) in C2C12 and KKAy mouse muscle. Collectively, these data indicate that PNS reduces hyperglycemia and insulin resistance through up‐regulating GLUT4 expression and the IRS1–PI3K–AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, PNS alleviated diabetes skeletal muscle pathological damage. Thus, our data suggest that PNS may be promising anti‐diabetic compounds.
Human leukocyte antigen associations in postural tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Shin Yong‐Won , Moon Jangsup , Kim Tae‐Joon , Kim Do‐Yong , Chang Hyeyeon , Jun Jin‐Sun , Lee Soon‐Tae , Jung Keun‐Hwa , Park Kyung‐Il , Jung Ki‐Young , Kim Manho , Lee Sang Kun , Chu Kon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAssociations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) have not been investigated. We included patients diagnosed with POTS and showing orthostatic heart rate increases ≥ 50 during orthostatic vital sign measurement or experiencing syncope/near‐syncope while standing (prominent POTS; n = 17). DQB1*06:09 was present in seven (41%) patients, a significantly higher percentage than in healthy Koreans (7%; odds ratio [OR] 8.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1–24.3, corrected P = 3.2 × 10−4) and epilepsy controls (8%; OR 7.9, 95% CI 2.7–23.5, corrected P = 3.2 × 10−4). Six (35.3%) carried the A*33:03‐B*58:01‐C*03:02‐DRB1*13:02‐DQB1*06:09 haplotype. The results signify an autoimmune etiology in prominent POTS.
Microfluidic Technology for Nucleic Acid Aptamer Evolution and Application
Authors: Fraser Lewis A. , Cheung Yee‐Wai , Kinghorn Andrew B. , Guo Wei , Shiu Simon Chi‐Chin , Jinata Chandra , Liu Mengping , Bhuyan Soubhagya , Nan Lang , Shum Ho Cheung , Tanner Julian A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe intersection of microfluidics and aptamer technologies holds particular promise for rapid progress in a plethora of applications across biomedical science and other areas. Here, the influence of microfluidics on the field of aptamers, from traditional capillary electrophoresis approaches through innovative modern‐day approaches using micromagnetic beads and emulsion droplets, is reviewed. Miniaturizing aptamer‐based bioassays through microfluidics has the potential to transform diagnostics and embedded biosensing in the coming years.
3D Printed Multifunctional, Hyperelastic Silicone Rubber Foam
Authors: Chen Qiyi , Zhao Jiayu , Ren Jingbo , Rong Lihan , Cao Peng‐Fei , Advincula Rigoberto C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHighly elastic silicone foams, especially those with tunable properties and multifunctionality, are of great interest in numerous fields. However, the liquid nature of silicone precursors and the complicated foaming process hinder the realization of its three‐dimensional (3D) printability. Herein, a series of silicone foams with outstanding performance with regards to elasticity, wetting and sensing properties, multifunctionality, and tunability is generated by direct ink writing. Viscoelastic inks are achieved from direct dispersion of sodium chloride in a unique silicone precursor solution. The 3D‐architectured silicone rubber exhibits open‐celled trimodal porosity, which offers ultraelasticity with hyper compressibility/cycling endurance (near‐zero stress/strain loss under 90% compression or 1000 compression cycles), excellent stretchability (210% strain), and superhydrophobicity. The resulting foam is demonstrated to be multifunctional, such that it can work as an oil sorbent with super capacity (1320%) and customizable soft sensor after absorption of carbon nanotubes on the foam surface. The strategy enables tunability of mechanical strength, elasticity, stretchability, and absorbing capacity, while printing different materials together offers property gradients as an extra dimension of tunability. The first 3D printed silicone foam, which serves an important step toward its application expansion, is achieved.
Zwitterion Coordination Induced Highly Orientational Order of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Film Delivers a High Open Circuit Voltage Exceeding 1.2 V
Authors: Zhou Weiran , Li Dan , Xiao Zhengguo , Wen Zhilin , Zhang Mengmeng , Hu Wanpei , Wu Xiaojun , Wang Mingtai , Zhang Wen‐Hua , Lu Yalin , Yang Shihe , Yang Shangfeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe organic–inorganic halide CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) has been the most commonly used light absorber layer of perovskite solar cells (PSCs); however, solution‐processed MAPbI3 films usually suffer from random crystal orientation and high trap density, resulting in inferior power conversion efficiency (PCE) with open circuit voltage (Voc) being typically below 1.2 V for PSC devices. Herein, for the first time an imidazole sulfonate zwitterion, 4‐(1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium‐3‐yl)butane‐1‐sulfonate (IMS), is applied as a bifunctional additive in regular‐structure planar heterojunction PSC devices to regulate the crystal orientation, yielding highly ordered MAPbI3 film and passivating the trap states of the film. Such a dual effect of IMS is fulfilled via coordination interactions between the sulfonate moiety of IMS with the Pb2+ ion and the electrostatic interaction between the imidazole of IMS with the I– ion of MAPbI3. As a result, under a optimized IMS doping ratio of 0.5 wt%, the PSC device exhibits a significant increase in PCE from 18.77% to 20.84%, with suppressed current–voltage hysteresis and promoted ambient stability. Moreover, a high Voc of 1.208 V is achieved under a higher IMS doping ratio of 1.2 wt%, which is the highest Voc for regular‐structure MAPbI3 planar PSC devices based on TiO2 electron transport layer.
Multifunctional Biomedical Adhesives
Authors: Pinnaratip Rattapol , Bhuiyan Mohammad Saleh Akram , Meyers Kaylee , Rajachar Rupak M. , Lee Bruce P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCurrently available biomedical adhesives are mainly engineered to have one function (i.e., providing mechanical support for the repaired tissue). To improve the performance of existing bioadhesives and broaden their applications in medicine, numerous multifunctional bioadhesives are reported in the literature. These adhesives can be categorized as passive or active by design. Passive multifunctional bioadhesives contain inherent compositions and structural designs that can carry out additional functions without added external influences. These adhesives exhibit new functionalities such as antimicrobial properties, self‐healing abilities, the ability to promote cellular ingrowth, and the ability to be reshaped. Conversely, active multifunctional bioadhesives respond to environmental changes (e.g., pH, temperature, electricity, light, and biomolecule concentration), which initiate a change in the adhesive to release encapsulated drugs or to activate or deactivate the bioadhesive for interfacial binding. This review article highlights recent advances in multifunctional bioadhesives.
Long‐Term Implantable, Flexible, and Transparent Neural Interface Based on Ag/Au Core–Shell Nanowires
Authors: Araki Teppei , Yoshida Fumiaki , Uemura Takafumi , Noda Yuki , Yoshimoto Shusuke , Kaiju Taro , Suzuki Takafumi , Hamanaka Hiroki , Baba Kousuke , Hayakawa Hideki , Yabumoto Taiki , Mochizuki Hideki , Kobayashi Shingo , Tanaka Masaru , Hirata Masayuki , Sekitani Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNeural interfaces enabling light transmittance rely on optogenetics to control and monitor specific neural activity, thereby facilitating deeper understanding of intractable diseases. This study reports the material strategy underlying an optogenetic neural interface comprising stretchable and transparent conductive tracks and capable of demonstrating high biocompatibility after long‐term (5‐month) implantation. Ag/Au core–shell nanowires contribute toward improving track performance in terms of stretchability (<60% strain), transparency (<83%), and electrical resistance (15 Ω sq−1). The neural interface integrated with gel‐coated exterior microelectrodes preserves low impedance (1.1–3.2 Ω cm2) in a saline solution over the evaluated 5‐month period. Besides the use of efficient conductive materials, surface treatment using antithrombogenic polymer tends to prevent the growth of granulation tissue, thereby facilitating clear monitoring of electrocorticograms (ECoG) in a rodent during chronic implantation. The flexible and transparent neural interface pathologically exhibits noncytotoxicity and low inflammatory response while efficiently recording evoked ECoG in a nonhuman primate via optogenetic stimulation. The proposed highly reliable interface can be employed in multifaceted approaches for translational research based on chronic implants.
Highly Hydrophilic Carbon Dots' Decoration on NiCo2O4 Nanowires for Greatly Increased Electric Conductivity, Supercapacitance, and Energy Density
Authors: Wang Jingmin , Fang Zhenbin , Li Tian , ur Rehman Sajid , Luo Qinghua , Chen Ping , Hu Lin , Zhang Fapei , Wang Qiyang , Bi Hong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe design and exploration of the transition metal oxides (TMOs)–carbon composite are greatly desired for enhanced supercapacitor application due to the low hydrophilicity and electrical conductivity of the prime TMOs. In this work, the highly hydrophilic carbon dots (CDs) with an average size of 2.56 nm are synthesized by a microwave thermolysis method, and then used as a decoration agent on the surface of NiCo2O4 nanowires. The CDs‐decorated NiCo2O4 (CDs/NiCo2O4) with a high surface area of 120.0 m2 g−1 is prepared via a one‐pot hydrothermal method and subsequent annealing. Only a small amount of CDs' decoration not only makes the surface more hydrophilic and easier for aqueous electrolyte infiltration into electrode, but can also promote the electrical conductivity of the as‐synthesized CDs/NiCo2O4 to 30‐fold higher than the prime NiCo2O4, and greatly decrease the internal resistance of the electrode material. Therefore, the CDs/NiCo2O4‐based three‐electrode system shows an extremely high specific capacitance (2202 F g−1) while a symmetrical CDs/NiCo2O4 supercapacitor offers a desirable energy density up to 73.5 Wh kg−1. This work provides a new strategy to improve supercapacitance as well as energy density of TMO‐based electrodes via a convenient surface decoration method by using carbon nanomaterials.