bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Underlying Bench Press Performance in Elite Competitive Powerlifters
Authors: Reya Matija , Škarabot Jakob , Cvetičanin Branko , Šarabon Nejc 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Reya, M, Škarabot, J, Cvetičanin, B, and Šarabon, N. Factors underlying bench press performance in elite competitive powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2179–2186, 2021—Previous investigations of 1 repetition maximum bench press (1RM BP) performance have been either descriptive or have explored a limited number of contributing variables. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interplay between structural, technical, and neuromuscular factors in relation to 1RM BP in competitive powerlifters. Thirteen national and international level male powerlifters (26 ± 9 years, 178 ± 6 cm, and 93.8 ± 9.9 kg) visited the laboratory twice. Anthropometric and ultrasound measures were taken on the first visit, whereas performance measures (voluntary activation level, isokinetic strength, and kinetic, kinematic, and electromyographic measurements during 1RM BP) were recorded on the second visit. Correlation and multiple regression were used to investigate the contribution of structural, technical, and neuromuscular variables to 1RM BP corrected for body mass using the Wilks coefficient. The highest degree of association was shown for structural (lean and bone mass, brachial index, arm circumference, and agonist cross-sectional area [CSA]; r = 0.58–0.74) followed by neuromuscular factors (elbow and shoulder flexion strength; r = 0.57–0.71), whereas technical factors did not correlate with 1RM BP performance (r ≤ 0.49). The multiple regression showed that lean body mass, brachial index, and isometric shoulder flexion torque predicted 59% of the common variance in 1RM BP. These data suggest that in a sample of elite competitive powerlifters, multiple factors contribute to 1RM BP with variables such as lean body mass, the agonist CSA, brachial index, and strength of the elbow and shoulder flexors being the greatest predictors of performance.
Influence of Different Small-Sided Game Formats on Physical and Physiological Demands and Physical Performance in Young Soccer Players
Authors: Castillo Daniel , Rodríguez-Fernández Alejandro , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo , Sanchez-Sanchez Javier , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Yanci Javier , Zubillaga Asier , Raya-González Javier 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Castillo, D, Rodríguez-Fernández, A, Nakamura, FY, Sanchez-Sanchez, J, Ramirez-Campillo, R, Yanci, J, Zubillaga, A, and Raya-González, J. Influence of different small-sided game formats on physical and physiological demands and physical performance in young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2287–2293, 2021—The aim of this study was to quantify the acute impact of bout duration and individual interaction space on physical and physiological demands and on physical performance. Ten young male soccer players (age: 14.8 ± 0.6 years) from the same team playing in the National U-16 Division participated. Physical (total distance [TD]; distance covered at different speeds; and maximum velocity [Velmax]) and physiological (peak [HRpeak] and mean [HRmean] heart rate) parameters were collected for every bout during each small-sided game (SSG) format. Moreover, the effects of SSGs on horizontal jump (HJ) and 30-m sprint performances were evaluated. The SSG formats were composed of 6 players a side (including goalkeepers) and included 4 repetitions of 6 minutes in a space of 100 m2 (SSG1) or 200 m2 (SSG2) and 6 repetitions of 4 minutes in 100 m2 (SSG3) or 200 m2 (SSG4). The TD, the distance covered at different speeds, and Velmax were greater (p < 0.01, effect size [ES] = 1.25–5.95, large) in SSG2 and SSG4 than SSG1 and SSG3, respectively. Furthermore, the HRmean and HRpeak were lower (p < 0.05, ES = 1.53–2.23, large) during SSG3 than other SSGs. In addition, while a significant (p < 0.05, ES = 0.70–2.04, moderate to large) increase in SPR30 time in SSG1 and SSG3 was observed, HJ performance was not affected (p > 0.05, ES = 0.03–0.54, trivial to moderate) by any SSG format. These findings suggest increasing pitch size to induce greater physical demands and to use SSGs with smaller pitch size, and independently of the bout duration, to induce neuromuscular fatigue.
Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Fluid’s Physicochemical Characteristics on Piping Erosion of a Sandy Soil under Turbulent Flow
Authors: Ma Yuetan , Xiao Ming , Kermani Behnoud 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article presents an experimental study of the relative and interactive effects of three physicochemical characteristics of permeating fluids (viscosity, pH, and ionic strength) on piping erosion of a sandy soil under turbulent flow. Full-factorial experimental design was used to produce eight types of fluids of various combinations of the three fluid characteristics. Hole erosion tests were conducted on identically prepared sandy specimens. The erosion rate index was used to evaluate the effects of fluid properties on piping. The erosion rate index was quantified for two repeat trials for each of the eight test fluids. Regression analysis was conducted on the results to generate a statistical model to describe the relative effects of the three factors and their interactions. The main findings include the following: (1) Viscosity, pH, and ionic strength were all determined to be significant factors on the rate of erosion. The two-way interactions between viscosity and pH and between viscosity and ionic strength were also determined to be significant interaction factors, while the interaction between pH and ionic strength did not prove to be statistically significant. (2) Higher pH of the test fluid causes higher erosive capacity; higher ionic strength causes lower erosive capacity of fluid. (3) At low viscosity, ionic strength does not affect the erosion, but when the viscosity is higher (or the fluid temperature is colder), higher ionic strength causes much less erosion. There is almost no interactive effect between pH and ionic strength.
Semaphorin4D Induces Inhibitory Synapse Formation by Rapid Stabilization of Presynaptic Boutons via MET Coactivation
Authors: Frias Cátia P. , Liang Jian , Bresser Tom , Scheefhals Lisa , van Kesteren Matthijs , van Dorland René , Hu Hai Yin , Bodzeta Anna , van Bergen en Henegouwen Paul M.P. , Hoogenraad Casper C. , Wierenga Corette J. 
Published: March 2019

Changes in inhibitory connections are essential for experience-dependent circuit adaptations. Defects in inhibitory synapses are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, but the molecular processes underlying inhibitory synapse formation are not well understood. Here we use high-resolution two-photon microscopy in organotypic hippocampal slices from GAD65-GFP mice of both sexes to examine the signaling pathways induced by the postsynaptic signaling molecule Semaphorin4D (Sema4D) during inhibitory synapse formation. By monitoring changes in individual GFP-labeled presynaptic boutons, we found that the primary action of Sema4D is to induce stabilization of presynaptic boutons within tens of minutes. Stabilized boutons rapidly recruited synaptic vesicles, followed by accumulation of postsynaptic gephyrin and were functional after 24 h, as determined by electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry. Inhibitory boutons are only sensitive to Sema4D at a specific stage during synapse formation and sensitivity to Sema4D is regulated by network activity. We further examined the intracellular signaling cascade triggered by Sema4D and found that bouton stabilization occurs through rapid remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. This could be mimicked by the actin-depolymerizing drug latrunculin B or by reducing ROCK activity. We discovered that the intracellular signaling cascade requires activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase MET, which is a well known autism risk factor. By using a viral approach to reduce MET levels specifically in inhibitory neurons, we found that their axons are no longer sensitive to Sema4D signaling. Together, our data yield important insights into the molecular pathway underlying activity-dependent Sema4D-induced synapse formation and reveal a novel role for presynaptic MET at inhibitory synapses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGABAergic synapses provide the main inhibitory control of neuronal activity in the brain. We wanted to unravel the sequence of molecular events that take place when formation of inhibitory synapses is triggered by a specific signaling molecule, Sema4D. We find that this signaling pathway depends on network activity and involves specific remodeling of the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. We also reveal a previously unknown role for MET at inhibitory synapses. Our study provides novel insights into the dynamic process of inhibitory synapse formation. As defects in GABAergic synapses have been implied in many brain disorders, and mutations in MET are strong risk factors for autism, our findings urge for a further investigation of the role of MET at inhibitory synapses.
The MAP1B Binding Domain of Nav1.6 Is Required for Stable Expression at the Axon Initial Segment
Authors: Solé Laura , Wagnon Jacy L. , Akin Elizabeth J. , Meisler Miriam H. , Tamkun Michael M. 
Published: March 2019

Nav1.6 (SCN8A) is a major voltage-gated sodium channel in the mammalian CNS, and is highly concentrated at the axon initial segment (AIS). As previously demonstrated, the microtubule associated protein MAP1B binds the cytoplasmic N terminus of Nav1.6, and this interaction is disrupted by the mutation p.VAVP(77–80)AAAA. We now demonstrate that this mutation results in WT expression levels on the somatic surface but reduced surface expression at the AIS of cultured rat embryonic hippocampal neurons from both sexes. The mutation of the MAP1B binding domain did not impair vesicular trafficking and preferential delivery of Nav1.6 to the AIS; nor was the diffusion of AIS inserted channels altered relative to WT. However, the reduced AIS surface expression of the MAP1B mutant was restored to WT levels by inhibiting endocytosis with Dynasore, indicating that compartment-specific endocytosis was responsible for the lack of AIS accumulation. Interestingly, the lack of AIS targeting resulted in an elevated percentage of persistent current, suggesting that this late current originates predominantly in the soma. No differences in the voltage dependence of activation or inactivation were detected in the MAP1B binding mutant relative to WT channel. We hypothesize that MAP1B binding to the WT Nav1.6 masks an endocytic motif, thus allowing long-term stability on the AIS surface. This work identifies a critical and important new role for MAP1B in the regulation of neuronal excitability and adds to our understanding of AIS maintenance and plasticity, in addition to identifying new target residues for pathogenic mutations ofSCN8A.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNav1.6 is a major voltage-gated sodium channel in human brain, where it regulates neuronal activity due to its localization at the axon initial segment (AIS). Nav1.6 mutations cause epilepsy, intellectual disability, and movement disorders. In the present work, we show that loss of interaction with MAP1B within the Nav1.6 N terminus reduces the steady-state abundance of Nav1.6 at the AIS. The effect is due to increased Nav1.6 endocytosis at this neuronal compartment rather than a failure of forward trafficking to the AIS. This work confirms a new biological role of MAP1B in the regulation of sodium channel localization and will contribute to future analysis of patient mutations in the cytoplasmic N terminus of Nav1.6.
Mapping Gene Markers for Apple Fruit Ring Rot Disease Resistance Using a Multi-omics Approach
Authors: Shen Fei , Huang Zhenyu , Zhang Baoguo , Wang Yi , Zhang Xi , Wu Ting , Xu Xuefeng , Zhang Xinzhong , Han Zhenhai 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Apple fruit ring rot (FRR), caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is a worldwide disease that impacts Asian apple production regions. However, no substantial progress has thus far been made toward the mapping of candidate genes or the development of effective genetic makers. In this five-year study, the resistance of 1,733 F1 hybrids from the cross ‘Jonathan’ × ‘Golden Delicious’ was phenotyped by non-wounding inoculation with four B. dothidea isolates. We first conducted systematic comparison of different analytic strategies for bulk segregant analysis by re-sequencing (BSA-Seq) and obtained suitable one for outbreeding species such as Malus. Forty-six quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance/susceptibility to the four isolates, including one QTL ‘hotspot’ on chromosome 14, were identified via BSA-Seq. Using integrated multi-omics strategies including RNA-sequencing, parental re-sequencing, BSA-Seq and meta-analysis of RNA-sequencing, fifty-seven candidate genes and corresponding functional mutations from the QTL were predicted. Functional mutations located on the candidate genes were validated using kompetitive allele-specific PCR in hybrids and Malus germplasm accessions with extremely resistant/susceptible phenotypes. Ten effective markers for apple ring rot were developed. The results provide an example of rapid candidate gene mapping for complex traits in outbreeding species.
Repression of Germline Genes in Caenorhabditis elegans Somatic Tissues by H3K9 Dimethylation of Their Promoters
Authors: Rechtsteiner Andreas , Costello Meghan E , Egelhofer Thea A , Garrigues Jacob M , Strome Susan , Petrella Lisa N 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Repression of germline-promoting genes in somatic cells is critical for somatic development and function. To study how germline genes are repressed in somatic tissues, we analyzed key histone modifications in three Caenorhabditis elegans synMuv B mutants, lin-15B, lin-35, and lin-37—all of which display ectopic expression of germline genes in the soma. LIN-35 and LIN-37 are members of the conserved DREAM complex. LIN-15B has been proposed to work with the DREAM complex but has not been shown biochemically to be a member of the complex. We found that, in wild-type worms, synMuv B target genes and germline genes are enriched for the repressive histone modification dimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me2) at their promoters. Genes with H3K9me2 promoter localization are evenly distributed across the autosomes, not biased toward autosomal arms, as are the broad H3K9me2 domains. Both synMuv B targets and germline genes display a dramatic reduction of H3K9me2 promoter localization in lin-15B mutants, but much weaker reduction in lin-35 and lin-37 mutants. This difference between lin-15B and DREAM complex mutants likely represents a difference in molecular function for these synMuv B proteins. In support of the pivotal role of H3K9me2 in regulation of germline genes by LIN-15B, global loss of H3K9me2 but not H3K9me3 results in phenotypes similar to synMuv B mutants, high-temperature larval arrest, and ectopic expression of germline genes in the soma. We propose that LIN-15B-driven enrichment of H3K9me2 at promoters of germline genes contributes to repression of those genes in somatic tissues.
Identificación de biomarcadores saturados en un carbón bituminoso tratado con ácido y un solvente no convencional
Authors: Gamboa Adriana Carolina , Martínez Santana Manuel , Garbán González Grony José , Escobar Navarro Marcos Eligio , Esteves Salazar Ivan Horacio , Lorenzo García Erica 
Published: March 2019

Este artículo describe los biomarcadores saturados identificados en los extractos obtenidos de un carbón bituminoso, tratado con ácido y un solvente no convencional. Los extractos de carbones bituminosos venezolanos se obtuvieron haciendo uso de cloroformo (solvente convencional) y N,N-Dimetilformamida -N,N-DMF- como solvente de alto poder extractivo, con y sin tratamiento ácido previo, a fin de evaluar el rendimiento y distribución de biomarcadores característicos. El rendimiento de extracción con N,N-DMF alcanzó 44 % p/p; con CHCl3 este valor no superó el 2% p/p. La desmineralización previa con HCl incrementa el rendimiento de extracción sin afectar la distribución de los biomarcadores, salvo en la relación de hidrocarburos livianos respecto a pesados. Se propone N,N-DMF como solvente de elección para obtener información geoquímica en carbones meteorizados.
O CONSENTIMENTO INFORMADO E A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO MÉDICO
Authors: Silva Milton Rodrigues da , Petry Alexandre Torres 
Published: March 2019

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar se a ausência do deverde informar imposto ao médico antes de realizar qualquer tratamento ou procedimento em um paciente, que é condição indispensável do consentimento informado, pode levar a responsabilidade civil do profissional da saúde. Primeiramente será abordada a evolução histórica da relação médico-paciente, que se transformou de uma relação predominantemente paternalista para uma relação contratualista. Na sequência será abordada a definição do princípio da autonomia da vontade e sua importância no fortalecimento da relação entre o médico e seu paciente, sendo abordadas as características e formas como a informação deve ser ofertada ao paciente antes de qualquer procedimento. Em seguida serão estudados o conceito e os requisitos de validade do consentimento informado para que a decisão do paciente possa de fato ser autêntica, informada e esclarecida. Por fim, será analisada a relação jurídica médico-paciente bem como a responsabilidade civil do médico decorrente da violação aos deveres éticos e legais relacionados ao consentimento informado, sendo analisada a doutrina e jurisprudência do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
Clinical and Prognostic Characteristics of 53 Cases of Extracranial Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor in Children. A Single-Institute Experience from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Cheng Haiyan , Yang Shen , Cai Siyu , Ma Xiaoli , Qin Hong , Zhang Weiping , Fu Libing , Zeng Qi , Wen Mingjie , Peng Xiaoxia , Wang Huanmin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study is to add to the current knowledge regarding extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), a rare and highly aggressive tumor that occurs most commonly in infants and young children.

Patients and Methods
A retrospective medical record review was conducted on 53 patients with pathologically confirmed MRT in Beijing Children's Hospital between January 2007 and October 2017.

Results
Fifty-three patients were diagnosed with MRT at a median age of 16 months, including 32 cases of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK) and 21 cases of extrarenal extracranial rhabdoid tumor (EERT). Fourteen (14/32, 43.75%) patients with MRTK and five (5/21, 23.81%) patients with EERT had metastases at diagnosis, and quite a few number of cases occurred tumor rupture (26.42%). Among the 53 patients, 40 (75.47%) patients died, 10 (18.87%) patients survived, and 3 patients (5.66%) were lost to follow-up. Among the 40 dead patients, 38 patients died from rapid progression of the disease or tumor recurrence, and 2 patients died of severe postoperative complications. Most of the recurrent or relapsed cases (94.11%) occurred within 8 months, with a median time of 76 days after diagnosis. The overall survival rates of 3 years and 5 years for the entire cohort were 23.71% and 18.44%, respectively. After survival analysis, it was clear that a younger age at diagnosis and distant stage patients had relatively poor outcomes. The effect of treatment was the most difficult to analyze because patients were not treated uniformly. Statistically significant differences in survival were noted among patients treated with standard chemotherapy, total resection, and radiotherapy.

Conclusion
Extracranial MRT is still a highly aggressive tumor in children. Younger patients and those suffering from metastatic disease were most likely to have a poor outcome because of rapid progression or recurrence of the tumor.
Cyberbullying as a Deviation of the Right of Citizens to Freedom of Opinion on the Internet
Authors: Ivanova K. A. , Stepanov A. A. , Nemchinova E. V. 
Published: March 2019

Due to the widespread internetization of public relations, the Internet has become one of the most important platforms for the implementation of civil rights and freedoms, including the freedom of expression. However, some users go beyond legitimate exercise of this right causing harm to others by their actions. Cyberbullying is one of the forms of such actions.The purpose of the article is to draw the line between lawful expression of a negative opinion and cyberbullying while there is no necessary legal regulation in this field in the Russian legislation. To achieve this goal, the authors study the social and legal nature of cyberbullying relying on Russian and foreign experience. The paper highlights two cases of mass cyberbullying that took place in Russia in 2018 and caused a major public outcry.The authors conclude that the line between cyber-bullying and implementation of the freedom of expression is the deliberate focus of the former on causing moral suffering to the opponent and its unilateral nature. In addition, the paper focuses on the need for self-regulation of citizens on the Internet in order to protect public morality, as well as filling the existing legal gap.17
Construção de estufa automatizada para controle de ambiente
Authors: D'Abreu Joao Vilhete Viegas , Fernandes Maria Vitoria de Souza , Oliveira Ricardo da Silva , Vignado Walleska Dalmolin , Silva Conrado L. 
Published: March 2019

A Estufa IoT consiste basicamente na junção de elementos da eletrônica, como o microcontrolador ESP8266, programação em linguagem C e componentes elétricos, como por exemplo: sensores, motores, cooler e bomba d'água, a fim de desenvolver um ambiente ideal para o cultivo de hortaliça, no nosso caso uma muda de alface, tendo como monitoramento dos parâmetros físicos envolvidos um aplicativo, chamado Blynk, utilizado em um smartphone. Este projeto foi desenvolvido no NIED/UNICAMP no contexto do programa PIBIC-EM na área de Robótica Pedagógica.
Efeitos de diferentes plantas de cobertura e manejos durante renovação do canavial sobre o teor de água no solo
Authors: Gabriel Camila de Souza , Souza Zigomar Menezes de 
Published: March 2019

Informações sobre a utilização de plantas de cobertura em áreas de cana-de-açúcar são escassas e, existem poucas informações a respeito de seus efeitos nos atributos do solo e na disponibilidade de água para as culturas comerciais. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho será monitorar o teor de água no solo em área de cana de açúcar sob diferentes plantas de cobertura e sistemas de preparo do solo e adicionalmente avaliar alterações nos atributos físicos do solo. O estudo está sendo conduzido em condições de campo na usina Santa Fé, no município de Ibitinga, onde serão avaliadas quatro diferentes culturas como plantas de cobertura (Crotalária juncea, milheto, amendoim e sorgo) em três manejos (plantio direto, preparo profundo e cultivo mínimo) e uma testemunha (preparo convencional). As medições estão sendo realizadas mensalmente no mesmo dia para todos os tratamentos de uma mesma repetição utilizando uma sonda da capacitância modelo Diviner 2000. As coletas de solo para avaliação dos atributos físicos do solo ocorreram durante a caracterização da área ao final do primeiro ciclo de cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. Espera-se que este projeto de pesquisa forneça alternativas de manejos agrícolas sustentáveis para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar proporcionando melhores condições físicas do solo e avaliando a relação entre o teor de água com a produtividade proporcionada pelos diferentes usos de plantas de cobertura e manejos.