bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Devonian volcanics of southeastern Gorny Altai: geochemistry, isotope (Sr, Nd, and O) composition, and petrogenesis (Aksai complex)
Authors: Krupchatnikov V.I. , Vrublevskii V.V. , Kruk N.N. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Geological, geochemical, and isotope (Sr, Nd, and O) parameters of Early Devonian (405 Ma) volcanics of southeastern Gorny Altai (Aksai and Kalguty volcanotectonic structures) are discussed. The studied igneous rock association comprises magnesian andesitoids, Nb-enriched andesite basalts, and A-type peraluminous silicic rocks (dacites, rhyolites, granites, and leucogranites). Magnesian andesitoids (mg# &gt; 50) are characterized by a predominance of Na among alkalies (K2O/Na2O ≈ 0.1–0.7), medium contents of TiO2 (~0.8–1.3 wt.%) and Al2O3 (~12–15 wt.%), enrichment in Cr (up to 216 ppm), and low Sr/Y ratios (4–15). The Nb-enriched (Nb = 10–17 ppm) andesite basalts have high contents of TiO2 (1.7–2.7 wt.%) and P2O5 (0.4–1.4 wt.%). The A-type granitoids are characterized by high contents of K(K2O/Na2O ≤ 60) and alumina (ASI ≤ 2.9) and depletion in Ba, Sr, P, and Ti. The magnesian andesitoids and Nb-enriched andesite basalts are products of melts generated in the metasomatized lithospheric mantle; silicic magmas were formed through the melting of Cambrian–Ordovician metaturbidites of the Gorny Altai Group and, partly, Early–Middle Cambrian island-arc metabasites. The above rock association might have resulted from a plume impact on the lithospheric substrates of the continental paleomargin during the evolution of the Altai–Sayan rift system.
Hydrocarbons occluded by asphaltenes
Authors: Kashirtsev V.A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Homologous series of n-alkenes and dimethylalkanes with the odd or even number of carbon atoms in the molecule have been identified in chloroform extracts from the organic matter of Upper Paleozoic deposits of the Vilyui syneclise penetrated by the superdeep well SV-27 at depths below 5 km. It is presumed that these unusual hydrocarbons resulted from the destruction of asphaltene occlusions under severe P–T conditions at great depths and that the hydrocarbon generation began in the zone of postdiagenetic transformations of sediments. This hypothesis was tested in the sections of deposits whose organic matter underwent catagenesis of different grades. On the basis of these results, zones of emergence, transition, and destruction of occlusions have been recognized.
Noble metals in black shales of the Sukhoi Log gold deposit (East Siberia): evidence from scintillation arc atomic-emission spectrometry
Authors: Vasil’eva I.E. , Shabanova E.V. , Goryacheva E.M. , Sotskaya O.T. , Labusov V.A. , Nekludov O.A. , Dzyuba A.A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Scintillation arc atomic-emission spectrometry (SAES) is used to study noble metals (NM), including Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Ir, Os, Rh, and Ru, in black shales of the Sukhoi Log gold deposit (Irkutsk Region, Russia), with a focus on NM total contents in samples and on the compositions and sizes of NM-bearing particles. The estimated sizes of gold particles and their distribution are confirmed by results of scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDX). The SAES results are in satisfactory agreement with earlier SEM-EDX data on NM species but reveal a much greater number and diversity of element associations.
Features of magmatim-related metallogeny of Gorny Altai and Rudny Altai (Russia)
Authors: Gaskov I.V. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Rudny Altai and Gorny Altai regions had different geologic histories and differ in metallogenic patterns. The Vendian–Early Cambrian to Permian–Triassic multistage evolution of Gorny Altai included subduction, accretion–collision, and rifting events accompanied by magmatism and related mineralization. Metallogeny evolved in discrete pulses, with especially abundant Late Paleozoic–earliest Mesozoic mineralization. The Devonian–Carboniferous pulse produced diverse mineral deposits (iron, mercury, gold, silver, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, polymetallic ores, and rare earths), some of considerable economic value. The territory of Gorny Altai includes several large ore districts that belong to different zones. They are the Beloretsk–Kholzun iron district in the west, the Kayancha–Sinyukha fluorine–gold district in the northeast, the Kurai gold–mercury and Yustyd rare-metal–silver districts in the southeast, and the Kalguty rare-metal–tungsten and Ulandryk U–REE–Cu districts in the south. The largest mineral deposits are Kholzun (Fe, P2O5), Karakul (Co, Bi), Sinyukha (Au), Aktash and Chagan-Uzun (Hg), Ozernoe and Pogranichnoe (Ag), Kalguty (Mo, W), Alakha (Li, Ta), Rudnyi Log (Y,Fe-specularite), and Urzarsai (W-scheelite). Mineralization in Rudny Altai is mainly pyritic: copper–pyrite, pyrite–polymelallic ore, and barite–polymelallic ore. It resides in suprasubduction basalts and rhyolites and in Emsian to Frasnian island-arc volcanics at different stratigraphic levels of Devonian volcanosedimentary sequences in six ore districts. The Kurchum high-grade metamorphic block hosts copper–pyrite and gold–quartz mineralization related to Hercynian volcanism.
First results of GPS measurements on the Ulaanbaatar geodynamic testing area
Authors: Miroshnichenko A.I. , Radziminovich N.A. , Lukhnev A.V. , Zuev F.L. , Demberel S. , Erdenezul D. , Ulziibat M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
First results of the analysis of GPS measurement data obtained from 18 sites of two local networks in the vicinity of Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia) for the period 2010–2015 have been presented. Horizontal velocity vectors are consistent with each other in the ITRF2014 system and with the velocities of the IGS permanent station ULAB. The sites move in the E–SE direction at a rate of 25–30 mm/yr, with the displacement azimuth averaging 105°. With respect to Eurasia, the vectors for most of the sites are slighly turned to the south, but they are still of SE orientation with the azimuth range of 130°–150° and magnitude values of 2–4 mm/yr. Relative horizontal velocities tend to decrease towards southeast that determines a zonal distribution of different type of relative strain patterns. The western part of the Ulaanbaatar network is characterized by the W–E oriented extension with the elongation rate ε1 = 12–16 × 10–8 yr–1. The shortening NW–SE trending strain with calculated value ε2 = 22.4 × 10–8 yr–1 characterizes the network’s eastern part. The highest values of the maximum shear strains (εmax = 10–14 × 10–8 yr–1) form an extended area in the center of the testing ground, which is elongated in the northeastern direction, conformably with the strike of the major geologic structures. The strain distribution pattern of the Emeelt network located within the eponymous seismogenic structures is characterized by the crustal elongation (5 × 10–6 yr–1) trending SE–NW and less pronounced shortening in the SW–SE directions.
The axial part of the fault crossing the network in the NW direction exhibits maximum deformations.
TEST MAP AND DISCRETENESS IN SL(2, ℍ)
Authors: GONGOPADHYAY KRISHNENDU , MUKHERJEE ABHISHEK , SARDAR SUJIT KUMAR 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLet ℍ be the division ring of real quaternions. Let SL(2, ℍ) be the group of 2 × 2 quaternionic matrices $A={\scriptsize{(\begin{array}{l@{\quad}l} a &amp; b \\ c &amp; d \end{array})}}$ with quaternionic determinant det A = |ad − aca−1b| = 1. This group acts by the orientation-preserving isometries of the five-dimensional real hyperbolic space. We obtain discreteness criteria for Zariski-dense subgroups of SL(2, ℍ).
Sliding mode nonlinear disturbance observer-based adaptive back-stepping control of a humanoid robotic dual manipulator
Authors: Bai Keqiang , Gong Xuantao , Chen Sihai , Wang Yingtong , Liu Zhigui 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYAn adaptive back-stepping sliding mode controller (ABSMC) algorithm was developed for nonlinear uncertain systems based on a nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO). The developed ABSMC was applied to attitude control for the dual arm of a humanoid robot. Considering the system uncertainty and the unknown external disturbances, the ABSMC scheme was designed to eliminate the chattering phenomenon in the traditional sliding mode control and to reduce the tracking error closer to zero. The ABSMC algorithm solved problems related to the chattering of the system for both uncertainties and disturbances in the humanoid robotic system with an NDO in a two-dimensional environment. The algorithm was designed to work equally well with agents, with higher degrees of freedom in different applications. The method was appropriate for improving tracking performance. The ABSMC algorithm guaranteed global stability and improved the dynamic performance of the system. The algorithm inherited a low computational cost, probabilistic completeness, and asymptotic optimality from the fuzzy sliding mode control. This algorithm has a practical application in the dual arm of a humanoid robot with a circular trajectory. This paper showed the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed methods, which reduced the output of the controller and improved the control performance of the humanoid robotic system. The new combined control algorithm, ABSMC, was able to feasibly and efficiently weaken the chattering on the robot's closed-loop paths, starting and finishing at the same configuration.
New therapeutic patents used for the treatment of leprosy: a review
Authors: Gomes Lima Santos Nayara , Perez Pereira Ramos Karen , Shanmugam Saravanan , Oliveira de Carvalho Fernanda , Garcez Barreto Teixeira Luciana , Ramos Silva Érika , de Vasconcelos Cerqueira-Braz Juliana , Santos Nunes Paula , Antunes de Souza Araújo Adriano 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLeprosy is a granulomatous disease, infectious and transmissible, which affects the skin and peripheral nerves, havingMycobacterium lepraeas causative agent. The manifestation of this disease causes cutaneous lesions, peripheral neuropathies and, in more extreme cases, may generate deformities and disabilities in affected individuals. Patents were identified using the descriptor ‘leprosy’ and code A61K of the international patent classification, which indicates only products that meet human needs. The analysis was made using theWIPO,ESPACENETandUSPTOdatabases, until the month of September 2016. Through this review, we found a variety of in vitro, pre-clinical and clinical studies relating to the treatment of leprosy with different types of compounds and forms of administration. New treatment proposals should include pain reduction capabilities, prevention or limitation of the appearance of cutaneous lesions, as well as prevention of the progression of the disease to more severe stages that may lead to loss of function or potentiate the individual's immune response to theM. lepraebacillus in order to prevent bacterial spread. We concluded that any patents developed with natural products were not found in the treatment of leprosy. All the deposited products were synthetic origin, mostly tested in humans and of varied forms of administration.
Social values and institutional change: an experimental study
Authors: GËRXHANI KLARITA , VAN BREEMEN JACQUELINE 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe experimentally investigate whether and how individuals change formal institutions governing an organization. The focus is on formal rules prescribing individual cooperation to achieve a collective goal. Our analysis accounts for the role of social norms and individuals’ social values. We observe that prosocial individuals –who value cooperation and have a conflict between this value and existing rules allowing for low cooperation– attempt to change this rule. In line with our theoretical discussion, we also find that prosocial individuals first try to change the institutional environment by changing social norms. If this fails, these individuals change formal rules directly.
Frequency reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radios with sequential UWB mode of perception and multiband mode of operation
Authors: Mansoul Ali , Ghanem Farid 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this work, an UWB/narrow band reconfigurable elliptical-shaped monopole antenna for cognitive radio applications with sequential perception and operation modes is presented. The proposed approach consists in integrating a reconfigurable filter, in an UWB antenna ground plan, by the mean of four horizontal slots and integrated switches that allow inserting/removing/varying zeros and poles in the frequency response. By acting on the slot lengths in order to alter their resonance frequencies, the different switch configurations allow the antenna to switch between an UWB mode that could be used for the perception (sensing) and different narrowband modes, mono-band and dual-band, that could be used for the operation at 2.4 or/and 3.5 GHz. To validate the concept, an experimental prototype has been fabricated and a good agreement between the simulated and the measured S-parameters has been obtained. While the presented work uses the presence/absence of a perfect conductive strip (PEC) to model real switch operation, it is believed that the obtained results conjugated with previous work using real switches on a very similar structure allows validating approach.
Novel dual band patch antenna With Gap coupled composite right/left-handed transmission line
Authors: Ahmed Z. , Ahmed M. M. , Ihsan M. B. , Chaudhary A. A. , Arif J. K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA novel low profile dual band patch antenna is presented. It consists of a composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL) unit cell gap coupled with the radiating edge of a rectangular patch antenna. The dual band behavior is achieved by coupling the zeroth order resonance mode of CRLH TL and TM10 mode of the patch antenna. It is shown that frequency ratio can be changed by varying the gap between the patch and CRLH TL unit cell. The proposed configuration enables frequency reconfigurability by changing the CRLH TL unit cell using a switch. A prototype of the antenna having frequency ratio f2/f1 = 1.08 is designed and fabricated. The proposed antenna shows measured S11 ≤ −10 dB bandwidth of 100 and 50 MHz at resonance frequencies of f1 = 4.84 and f2 = 5.22 GHz, respectively. A 2 × 2 dual band CRLH TL coupled patch array is also presented, showing more than 12.7 dBi gain at both resonance frequencies.
Reducing Uncertainties in Carbonate Clumped Isotope Analysis Through Consistent Carbonate‐Based Standardization
Authors: Bernasconi Stefano M. , Müller Inigo A. , Bergmann Kristin D. , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. , Fernandez Alvaro , Hodell David A. , Jaggi Madalina , Meckler Anna Nele , Millan Isabel , Ziegler Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAbout a decade after its introduction, the field of carbonate clumped isotope thermometry is rapidly expanding because of the large number of possible applications and its potential to solve long‐standing questions in Earth Sciences. Major factors limiting the application of this method are the very high analytical precision required for meaningful interpretations, the relatively complex sample preparation procedures, and the mass spectrometric corrections needed. In this paper we first briefly review the evolution of the analytical and standardization procedures and discuss the major remaining sources of uncertainty. We propose that the use of carbonate standards to project the results to the carbon dioxide equilibrium scale can improve interlaboratory data comparability and help to solve long‐standing discrepancies between laboratories and temperature calibrations. The use of carbonates reduces uncertainties related to gas preparation and cleaning procedures and ensures equal treatment of samples and standards. We present a set of carbonate standards of diverse composition, discuss how they can be used to correct for mass spectrometric biases, and demonstrate that their use significantly improves the comparability among four laboratories. We propose that the use of these standards or of a similar set of carbonate standards will improve the comparability of data across laboratories.
CCN Spectral Shape and Stratus Cloud and Drizzle Microphysics
Authors: Hudson James G. , Noble Stephen , Tabor Samantha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe shapes of high‐resolution cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) spectra are compared with cloud and precipitation characteristics observed in the Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment. These high‐resolution spectra often revealed bimodality that is usually caused by in‐cloud processing. Bimodal CCN spectra were associated with clouds that had as much as double the concentrations of droplets with narrower distributions and as much as an order of magnitude less drizzle than clouds associated with the most extreme unimodal CCN spectra. We introduce objective CCN spectral metrics: (1) CCN concentration differences between the two modes, unprocessed (Aitken, Nu) and processed (accumulation, Np), and (2) slopes of cumulative CCN spectra. Both of these CCN spectral shape classifications show similar cloud droplet concentration (Nc) trends to that of an earlier subjective modal rating system. When there are two modes, they are separated either by minimal concentrations or concentration inflections. Enhancement of Nc is traced to greater CCN bimodality that causes narrower droplet spectra that suppress drizzle. These effects could augment indirect aerosol effects and can only be revealed by high‐resolution CCN spectral shape comparisons with cloud and drizzle microphysics.
A Large Eddy Model Study on the Effect of Overshooting Convection on Lower Stratospheric Water Vapor
Authors: Sang Wenjun , Huang Qian , Tian Wenshou , Wright Jonathon S. , Zhang Jiankai , Tian Hongying , Luo Jiali , Hu Dingzhu , Han Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUsing a cloud‐resolving large eddy model (LEM), we investigate how overshooting convection affects the water vapor content in the lower stratosphere. We design and conduct a series of sensitivity experiments to diagnose the effects of dynamical and thermodynamical background conditions on the transport of water vapor into the lower stratosphere associated with overshooting convection. The three‐dimensional LEM simulations capture the bulk properties of the target case and track microphysical processes using a three‐phase microphysical parameterization. The model results indicate that the net effect of overshooting convection on lower stratospheric water content is moistening, primarily due to gravity wave breaking and ice sublimation. The contributions of small‐scale turbulent mixing to water vapor transport from the overshooting turret into the stratosphere are relatively weak. Sensitivity experiments show that convective intensity (as measured by updraft velocity) is directly related to the effect of overshooting convection on lower stratospheric humidity. This impact is quantified for the idealized target case. Changes in vertical wind shear near the tropopause have no significant impact on the extent of overshooting but have important impacts on cross‐tropopause water vapor exchange via their modulation of gravity wave breaking. Larger vertical wind shear in the tropopause layer inhibits the transport of water vapor and ice into the lower stratosphere by overshooting convection.
Large‐Amplitude Mountain Waves in the Mesosphere Accompanying Weak Cross‐Mountain Flow During DEEPWAVE Research Flight RF22
Authors: Fritts David C. , Vosper Simon B. , Williams Bifford P. , Bossert Katrina , Plane John M. C. , Taylor Michael J. , Pautet P.‐Dominique , Eckermann Stephen D. , Kruse Christopher G. , Smith Ronald B. , Dörnbrack Andreas , Rapp Markus , Mixa Tyler , Reid Iain M. , Murphy Damian J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMountain wave (MW) propagation and dynamics extending into the upper mesosphere accompanying weak forcing are examined using in situ and remote‐sensing measurements aboard the National Science Foundation/National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream V (GV) research aircraft and the German Aerospace Center Falcon. The measurements were obtained during Falcon flights FF9 and FF10 and GV Research Flight RF22 of the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) performed over Mount Cook, New Zealand, on 12 and 13 July 2014. In situ measurements revealed both trapped lee waves having zonal wavelengths of λx ~ 12 km and less, and larger‐scale, vertically propagating MWs primarily at λx ~ 20–60 km and ~100–300 km extending from west to ~400 km east of Mount Cook. GV Rayleigh lidar measurements from 25‐ to 60‐km altitudes showed that the weak forcing and zonal winds that increased from ~12 m/s at 12 km to ~40 and 130 m/s at 30 and 55 km, respectively, enabled largely linear MW propagation and strong amplitude growth with altitude into the mesosphere. GV Na lidar and airglow imager measurements revealed an extensive MW response from ~70 to 87 km with large amplitudes and vertical displacements at λx ~ 40–300 km but with both decreasing with altitude approaching a critical level near 90 km. These MWs exhibited large‐scale MW breaking and among the largest sustained momentum fluxes observed in the mesosphere. UK Met Office Unified Model simulations of the RF22 MW event captured many aspects of the observed MW field and revealed that despite the dominant large‐scale MW responses in the stratosphere, the major momentum fluxes accompanied smaller‐scale waves.
Relationship Between Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Speed and Modeled Effective Pressure
Authors: Stevens Laura A. , Hewitt Ian J. , Das Sarah B. , Behn Mark D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe use a numerical subglacial hydrology model and remotely sensed observations of Greenland Ice Sheet surface motion to test whether the inverse relationship between effective pressure and regional melt season surface speeds observed at individual sites holds on a regional scale. The model is forced with daily surface runoff estimates for 2009 and 2010 across an ~8,000‐km2 region on the western margin. The overall subglacial drainage system morphology develops similarly in both years, with subglacial channel networks growing inland from the ice sheet margin and robust subglacial pathways forming over bedrock ridges. Modeled effective pressures are compared to contemporaneous regional surface speeds derived from TerraSAR‐X imagery to investigate spatial relationships. Our results show an inverse spatial relationship between effective pressure and ice speed in the mid‐melt season, when surface speeds are elevated, indicating that effective pressure is the dominant control on surface velocities in the mid‐melt season. By contrast, in the early and late melt seasons, when surface speeds are slower, effective pressure and surface speed have a positive relationship. Our results suggest that outside of the mid‐melt season, the influence of effective pressures on sliding speeds may be secondary to the influence of driving stress and spatially variable bed roughness.