bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of nomenclature in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting—the anarchy of terminology
Authors: Görtzen De Qing , Akca Ferdi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Since the development of minimally invasive coronary surgery, nomenclature has rapidly grown to distinguish each unique method. The goal of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the different terms used for minimally invasive coronary bypass grafting through the years.

METHODS
A literature search was performed in August 2024 using the PubMed electronic database. To extract the best search results: “minimally invasive” and “coronary artery bypass grafting” were used as either keywords or MeSH terms. The term robotic was specifically included for a second search. Eligible articles for this review were articles using an abbreviation to describe minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting.

RESULTS
A total of 2118 publications on non-robotic minimally invasive coronary procedures and 392 on robotic-assisted techniques were reviewed, describing 40 unique terms for the procedure. Procedures were grouped based on left internal mammary artery harvest and anastomosis methods: mini-thoracotomy for both harvesting and coronary anastomosis (n = 586), endoscopic harvest with mini-thoracotomy (n = 37), robotic harvest with mini-thoracotomy (n = 144) and closed-chest revascularization (n = 140). Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting was the most studied technique (486 publications, non-robotic and robotic), followed by closed-chest totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (n = 124).

CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, a wide variety of terms are used within the field of minimally invasive coronary surgery. A total of 40 different terms have been published, each describing certain specifics of the procedure. For anyone involved in the field of minimally invasive surgery, it is important to understand the differences and similarities of these procedures.
Emerging role of rare earth elements in biomolecular functions
Authors: Yang Wenyu , Wu Kaijuan , Chen Hao , Huang Jing , Yu Zheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The importance of rare earth elements is increasingly recognized due to the increased demand for their mining and separation. This demand is driving research on the biology of rare earth elements. Biomolecules associated with rare earth elements include rare earth element-dependent enzymes (methanol dehydrogenase XoxF, ethanol dehydrogenase ExaF/PedH), rare earth element-binding proteins, and the relevant metallophores. Traditional (chemical) separation methods for rare earth elements harvesting and separation are typically inefficient, while causing environmental problems, whereas bioharvesting, potentially, offers more efficient, more green platforms. Here, we review the current state of research on the biological functions of rare earth element-dependent biomolecules, and the characteristics of the relevant proteins, including the specific amino acids involved in rare earth metal binding. We also provide an outlook at strategies for further understanding of biological processes and the potential applications of rare earth element-dependent enzymes and other biomolecules.
Informatics innovation to provide return of value to participant communities in the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Mapes Brandy M , Peterson Rachele S , Watson Karriem , Basford Melissa , Cohn Elizabeth , Harris Paul A , Denny Joshua C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The All of Us Research Program harnesses advances in technology, science, and engagement for precision medicine research. We describe informatics innovations which support that goal and return value to the participant cohort and community.

Materials and Methods
Research data from the All of Us Research Program are available to authorized users on the All of Us Researcher Workbench. We describe the technical infrastructure that enables data access and usage for researchers. Participants are considered partners. To ensure return of value, we outline participant access to information.

Results
The All of Us Research Hub allows broad access to data, regardless of background. The innovations described are rooted in the program’s core values: participation is open and reflects the diversity of the United States; participants are partners and have access to their information; transparency, security, and privacy are of the highest importance; data are broadly accessible; and the program promotes positive change. We assess research impact and reflect on how All of Us can increase existing return of value to participant communities through future informatics advancements.

Discussion
The program will continue to support efforts to ensure equitable access to data and return of value to participants. Looking ahead, we invite the community to join us.

Conclusion
All of Us research findings can change clinical care, inform guidelines, and set a new bar for data sharing. The ultimate return of value is better care for all.
Quantification of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-OH-THC, THC-COOH, hexahydrocannabinol, and cannabidiol in human plasma and blood by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Pavlic Marion , Innerhofer Carolin , Pitterl Florian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ongoing legalization of cannabis for recreational use contributes to increasing numbers not only of incidents of driving under the influence, but within all forensic fields. In addition, newly emerging cannabinoids such as hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) and the increasing use of cannabidiol (CBD) products have to be addressed. The aims of this study were first to extend laboratory analysis capacity for the “established” cannabinoid ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites 11-OH-THC and THC-COOH in human plasma/blood, and second to develop analytical procedures concerning HHC and CBD. An LC–MS–MS method based on the available (low-end) instrumentation was used. Samples (250 µl) were prepared by protein precipitation and solid-phase extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column within 15 min. Detection was performed on a 3200 QTRAP instrument (Sciex) in positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Matrix-matched six-point calibrations were generated applying deuterated internal standards for all analytes except HHC. The method was fully validated according to GTFCh guidelines. Linear ranges were 0.5–25 µg/l for THC, 11-OH-THC, HHC and CBD, and 2.0–100 µg/l for THC-COOH, respectively. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.5 and 1.0 µg/l (THC, 11-OH-THC, HHC, CBD), and 2.0 and 4.0 µg/l (THC-COOH). Applicability of plasma calibrations to blood samples was demonstrated. Acceptance criteria for intra- and inter-day accuracy, precision, extraction efficiency, and matrix effects were met. No interfering signals were detected for 80 exogenous compounds. The presented method is sensitive, specific, easy to handle, and does not require high-end equipment. Since its implementation and accreditation according to ISO 17025, the method has proven to be fit for purpose not only in driving under the influence of drug cases but also within postmortem samples. Furthermore, the design of the method allows for an uncomplicated extension to further cannabinoids if required.
Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis: Imaging Features With Histopathologic Correlation
Authors: Villavicencio Joseph J , O’Brien Sophia R , Hu Tom , Zuckerman Samantha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis (CNGM) is a rare type of granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) with a distinct histologic pattern characterized on histopathology by clear lipid vacuoles lined by peripheral neutrophils (“suppurative lipogranulomas”), often containing gram-positive bacilli and strongly associated with Corynebacterial infection (in particular, Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii). Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis has a distinct histopathologic appearance, but the imaging appearance is less well described and has been limited to case reports and small case series published primarily in pathology literature. Mammographic findings of CNGM include focal asymmetry, skin thickening, and irregular or oval masses. Sonographic findings of CNGM include irregular mass, complex collection/abscess, dilated ducts with intraductal debris, axillary lymphadenopathy, and skin thickening with subcutaneous edema. The imaging features of CNGM are nonspecific, and biopsy is required. Identifying a causative organism, when possible, requires a Gram stain, microbiological culture, and, potentially, molecular analysis. Although therapeutic options exist for CNGM, including antibiotics, steroids, and surgical intervention, there is no current consensus on optimal treatment.
Axillary Lymph Nodes T2 Signal Intensity Characterization in MRI of Patients With Mucinous Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nissan Noam , Gluskin Jill , Arita Yuki , Ochoa-Albiztegui R Elena , Fruchtman-Brot Hila , Jochelson Maxine S , Sung Janice S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the T2 signal intensity (SI) of axillary lymph nodes as a potential functional imaging marker for metastasis in patients with mucinous breast cancer.

Methods
A retrospective review of breast MRIs performed from April 2008 to March 2024 was conducted to identify patients with mucinous breast cancer and adenopathy. Two independent, masked readers qualitatively assessed the T2 SI of tumors and lymph nodes. The T2 SI ratio for adenopathy and contralateral normal lymph nodes was quantitatively measured using the ipsilateral pectoralis muscle as a reference. Comparisons between malignant and nonmalignant lymph nodes were made using the chi-square test for qualitative assessments and the Mann–Whitney U test for quantitative assessments.

Results
Of 17 patients (all female; mean age, 48.4 ± 10.7 years; range: 29-80 years), 12 had malignant nodes, while 5 had benign nodes. Qualitative assessment revealed that the primary mucinous breast cancer was T2 hyperintense in most cases (88.2%-94.1%). No significant difference in qualitative T2 hyperintensity was observed between malignant and nonmalignant nodes (P = .51-.84). Quantitative T2 SI ratio parameters, including the ratio of mean and minimal node T2 SI to mean ipsilateral pectoralis muscle T2 SI, were higher in malignant nodes vs benign and contralateral normal nodes (P &lt;.05).

Conclusion
Metastatic axillary lymph nodes exhibit high T2 SI, which could serve as a functional biomarker beyond traditional morphological assessment. Future studies should prioritize investigating more precise measurements, such as T2 mapping, and confirm these results in larger groups and across mucinous neoplasms in other organs.
Macrophages regulate angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling induced by mechanical loading through the Piezo1 pathway
Authors: Liu Hongzhi , Zhou Hang , Fan Yuanhao , Li Jiawei , Guo Ziyu , Xu Qiuchi , Liu Yang , Gao Kun , Ait Lahcine Neima , Zhang Jianing , Zhou Jingjing , Guo Fengjin , Liu Chao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bone is a mechanosensitive organ, and its regeneration also depends on the ability of bone cells to perceive and react to mechanical stimuli. Macrophages are indispensable for bone formation, regeneration, and maintenance. Depletion of macrophages resulted in poor bone development due to impaired vessel formation and osteogenesis. However, how mechanical stimulation stimulates macrophages during bone regeneration is unclear. As in many cell types, Piezo1 is part of the mechanotransduction in macrophages and modulates macrophage activity. Here, we utilized conditional KO of Piezo1 in LysM+ myeloid cells and in vivo mechanical loading to investigate the mechanoregulation of macrophages and their contribution to bone repair. We found that mechanical loading increased the ratio of CD206+ macrophages, angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling, and cell proliferation within the defect region, leading to enhanced bone regeneration. However, all the loading-induced upregulations were blunted by the conditional KO of Piezo1 in macrophages. Furthermore, we implanted WT bone marrow-derived macrophages into the defect area in Piezo1 KO mice. WT macrophages rescued mechanosensitive angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling and promoted bone regeneration in Piezo1 KO mice. Together, our data showed that Piezo1 in macrophages is indispensable for loading-induced bone regeneration by stimulating macrophage polarization into the CD206+ phenotype, thereby facilitating the angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling, promoting cell proliferation, and finally resulting in enhanced bone regeneration.
Evaluation of methodology for measuring standard metabolic rates of crayfishes using the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (Decapoda: Astacidea: Cambaridae)
Authors: Iqbal Azeem , Adkins Hannah M , Fogelman Kaelyn J , Stoeckel James A , Kozák Pavel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The importance of energy budgets in understanding the ecology, conservation and production of crayfishes has long been recognized. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) estimates the minimum metabolic rate required for basic maintenance of an organism while at rest, and is a critical parameter for investigating energy balance and metabolism. Estimating SMR involves quantifying oxygen uptake under specific conditions. Standard methodology for estimating SMR has been described and evaluated for fishes, but not thoroughly investigated for crayfishes. We adapted a recommended protocol developed for fishes in order to determine appropriate methodologies for measuring SMR in crayfishes. Study animals consisted of 18 individuals of Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) collected in Alabama, USA. Respiration rates were measured using an optical respirometry system (Loligo Systems®; Viborg, Denmark) and intermittent respirometry techniques. Crayfish respiration stabilized the morning after initiation of the trial indicating that a 12 h overnight period was sufficient to acclimate crayfish to respirometry chambers. After 12 h of daylight, respiration of acclimated crayfish typically exhibited a short spike when lights were turned off, indicating data collected within ~2 h following a light change should be excluded from the dataset used to calculate SMR. When calculating SMR, a quantile approach was typically more appropriate than the mean of the lowest normal distribution approach. SMR calculated during the day was only marginally higher than SMR calculated during the night, indicating that SMR can be estimated during either period if shelters are provided in the respiration chambers. Due to the wide diversity of crayfish species and ranges, our recommendations may not be appropriate for every crayfish species or subpopulation. The recommendations can serve, however, as a valuable starting point and the described methodology provides a standardized approach for determining appropriate protocols to measure SMR of crayfish species of interest.
Universal Owners and Climate Change
Authors: Gosling Tom 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Universal ownership theory proposes that widely diversified investors have a financial self-interest at the portfolio level in reducing market-wide risks relating to environmental or social (ES) issues. This article sets out a double test for determining when universal owner theory justifies investor action and applies these tests to the case of climate change. When applied to the commonly adopted goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C, universal owner theory runs into problems on both tests. First, it is uncertain whether this goal is financially optimal at the portfolio level. Second, even if it were optimal, investors have limited efficacy to achieve this outcome. This article considers goals that climate-concerned investors might set and the actions they could take that would be consistent with the tests. The actions best supported by evidence involve four areas of focus. First, engagement with investee companies based on realistic goals. Second, positive engagement on policy. Third, modest and bounded impact investments that can credibly be considered as reducing climate risk. Fourth, working to ensure that transition and physical risks are fully incorporated into investment models. Through targeting a more modest set of ambitions, climate-concerned investors can be more impactful while avoiding conflicts with fiduciary duties to clients.
Unusual bot fly larva removed from the scalp of a returning traveler
Authors: Goddard Jerome , Cross David , Huston Carla 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An aberrant bot fly specimen was removed from the scalp of a patient 3 wk after returning from Belize. The specimen showed little resemblance to the typical human bot fly larva, Dermatobia hominis, prompting a molecular identification using cytochrome oxidase I and II (COI and COII, respectively) mitochondrial DNA sequence regions. A BLAST search was subsequently performed, and both our COI and COII amplicon sequences showed 99–100% match with Dermatobia hominis, despite the specimen’s clearly aberrant morphology. These findings suggest there is much wider variation in Dermatobia larval morphology than previously known or perhaps that there are new or cryptic species within this group.
Popliteal deep vein thrombosis in a pediatric patient with Streptococcus viridans osteomyelitis: a case report
Authors: Hansen Joshua , Ngatuvai Micah , Bermudez Alexys , Salisbury Joshua , Klahs Kyle , Handel Gilbert , Abdelgawad Amr , Thabet Ahmed M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An 11-year-old male presented with severe pain in the left knee after a minor twisting injury. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large fluid collection posterior to the distal femur. CT and intraoperative findings revealed left popliteal vein thrombosis. Irrigation and debridement were performed, and intraoperative cultures confirmed osteomyelitis due to pan-sensitive Streptococcus viridans (S. viridans). Treatment included antibiotic and anticoagulation therapy. At 6 months, the patient was asymptomatic and cleared for full activity. This case demonstrates that deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can occur with S. viridans osteomyelitis, a previously undescribed association. Clinicians should maintain suspicion for DVT with any causative organism in osteomyelitis.
Double naso-enteric tubes stenting in afferent limb syndrome with concomitant proximal efferent limb obstruction after loop gastrojejunostomy bypass: a case report
Authors: Leelapatanadit Jirat , Waratchanont Rawat , Asanprakit Wichitra , Kaewkangsadan Viriya , Satthaporn Sukchai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Endoscopic or fluoroscopic guided naso-enteric placement for stenting and decompression has been used in mechanical enteric limb obstruction after gastrectomy or gastric bypass surgery. However, the use of double naso-enteric tube for treatment of multiple enteric limbs obstruction has not been described to date. We present a 61-year-old female with afferent limb syndrome with concomitant efferent limb obstruction which caused by kinking of anastomosis after loop gastrojejunostomy for benign gastric outlet obstruction. Two naso-enteric tubes were placed in efferent limb and afferent limb by endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. The patient was able to resume oral intake after 2 weeks of tube placement.
(004) SURGICAL OUTCOMES IN INFLATABLE PENILE PROSTHESIS SURGERY ARE NOT NEGATIVELY INFLUENCED BY DIVERSELY TRAINED ASSISTANTS: MULTICENTER UPDATE
Authors: Atwater BL , Gross MS , Madden-Fuentes RJ 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Inflatable penile prostheses (IPP) implantation is often performed with the help of surgical assistants to facilitate and expedite surgery. Surgical assistants vary and include residents, advanced practice providers, and registered nurse first assistants (RNFA). We have previously published literature suggesting that inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) surgeries involving residents have similar outcomes and complications as compared to cases performed with non-resident assistants. These findings are now updated to include multiple centers.

Objective
The primary objective was to assess whether overall operative time and complication rates were different between resident and RNFA cohorts at multiple centers.

Methods
A multicenter retrospective review was performed including patients undergoing primary IPP insertion from 2017-2024 with residents or RNFA as assisting surgeons. Data was compiled from two experienced implant surgeons with similar IPP operative techniques at two separate hospitals. All patients had a 3-piece Coloplast Titan Touch IPP (Coloplast, Minneapolis, MN, USA) or a Boston Scientific AMS CX or LGX IPP (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) implanted. Operative times, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, and postoperative emergency room visits were analyzed. Revision cases and concomitant surgeries were excluded. Rigorous statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA).

Results
A total of 356 IPP patients at two institutions were included. Residents assisted in 36% on cases (n = 128), whereas the other 64% of cases were assisted by RNFA (n = 228). Resident postgraduate years (PGY) and RNFA experience levels were similar within the two cohorts. The mean IPP patient age was 64 ± 8 years old for resident cases as compared to 62 ± 11 years old for RNFA cases (p = 0.0001). The mean overall operative time for all cases was 72 ± 19 minutes. Cases assisted by residents took an average of 80 ± 21 minutes, whereas cases with RNFA were shorter at 68 ± 16 minutes (p = 0.0001). Intraoperative and postoperative complications were rare and not significantly statistically different between groups. Postoperative emergency room visits were rare and not significantly statistically different between groups.

Conclusions
These updated multicenter findings confirm earlier research regarding the influence of assistants on IPP surgical outcomes. Cases assisted by RNFA were performed on younger patients with shorter operative times and showed similar complication rates to those completed with residents. Longer operative times during resident cases may indicate that the additional time devoted to teaching residents does not result in an increase in complication rates.

Disclosure
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Coloplast, MenMD, Boston Scientific.