bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferon alpha treatment leads to a high rate of hepatitis B surface antigen seroconversion in Chinese children with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Fan Huimin , Lin Luping , Jia Shijie , Xie Min , Luo Chun , Tan Xinghua , Ying Ruosu , Guan Yujuan , Li Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB) in children remains a public health challenge despite significant success in programme is established to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission. In particular, CHB in Chinese children are mostly acquired through vertical transmission, which differs from the common infection route reported in other countries and regions. This situation has resulted in a high endemic prevalence of CHB in Chinese adults. Thus, successful treatment of children with CHB will prevent the development of advanced liver diseases in late adulthood. However, there is still no consensus on the clinical guideline to treat paediatric CHB. In this study, we evaluated the potential of interferon alpha (IFNa) treatment for Chinese children with CHB. A total of 41 patients with CHB aged 3‐17 years were enrolled in this retrospective study: 21 patients were treated with pegylated (PEG)‐IFNa and 20 patients without treatment served as the control group. The rates of HBV DNA suppression, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) clearance and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance were significantly higher in the PEG‐IFNa treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05 at 48 weeks). Unexpectedly, PEG‐IFNa treatment achieved a high rate of HBsAb production, far exceeding the clinical outcome in documented PEG‐IFNa‐treated CHB adults. Further analysis revealed that younger children (3‐6 years old) were more responsive to PEG‐IFNa treatment with respect to achieving a protective level of HBsAb in a short treatment cycle than adolescents (10‐17 years old). Overall, these results indicate that the immune system of children might have a preserved PEG‐IFNa‐mediated mechanism to completely control HBV, which can help to design new strategies to treat CHB patients.
Electrodiagnostic findings in dogs with apparently painful lumbosacral foraminal stenosis
Authors: Harcourt‐Brown Thomas R. , Granger Nicolas P. , Fitzpatrick Noel , Jeffery Nicholas D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDevelopment of management strategies for lumbosacral stenosis in dogs is hampered by the lack of objective diagnostic criteria and outcome measures.ObjectiveTo explore the suitability of electrodiagnostic tests as ancillary diagnostic aids, inclusion criteria, or outcome measures.Sample populationSixty‐one client‐owned dogs with clinical signs of lumbosacral foraminal stenosis.MethodsA blinded, cross‐sectional cohort study. Fifty‐one dogs exhibiting apparent lumbosacral pain or pelvic limb lameness with no detected orthopedic cause had blinded review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allowing classification as affected with foraminal stenosis (25 dogs), unaffected (20 dogs), or another diagnosis (6 dogs). The presence of electromyographic changes and tibial neurography variables were compared between groups.ResultsCord dorsum potential onset latency, F‐wave onset latency (both corrected for limb length), and F‐ratio were increased in dogs with lumbosacral foraminal stenosis versus those without, although there was overlap of the values between groups. The proportion of dogs with electromyographic changes was not significantly greater in MRI‐affected dogs.ConclusionElectrophysiological testing is a useful ancillary test, either to provide stricter inclusion criteria and outcome measures or to aid clinical decision‐making in equivocal cases.
On the Rationality of Vow‐making
Authors: Liberman Alida 
Published: August 2019

AbstractI offer a philosophical account of vowing and the rationality of vow‐making. I argue that vows are most productively understood as exceptionless resolutions that do not have any excusing conditions. I then articulate an apparent problem for exceptionless vow‐making: how can it be rational to bind yourself unconditionally, when circumstances might change unexpectedly and make it the case that vow‐keeping no longer makes sense for you? As a solution, I propose that vows can be rational to make only if they are implicitly conditional on a personal identification or social role that is itself escapable.
Deficiency of very long chain alkanes biosynthesis causes humidity‐sensitive male sterility via affecting pollen adhesion and hydration in rice
Authors: Yu Bo , Liu Lingtong , Wang Tai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPollen adhesion and hydration are the earliest events of the pollen–stigma interactions, which allow compatible pollen to fertilize egg cells, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Rice pollen are wind dispersed, and its pollen coat contains less abundant lipids than that of insect‐pollinated plants. Here, we characterized the role of OsGL1‐4, a rice member of the Glossy family, in pollen adhesion and hydration. OsGL1‐4 is preferentially expressed in pollen and tapetal cells and is required for the synthesis of very long chain alkanes. osgl1‐4 mutant generated apparently normal pollen but displayed excessively fast dehydration at anthesis and defective adhesion and hydration under normal condition, but the defective adhesion and hydration were rescued by high humidity. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis suggested that the humidity‐sensitive male sterility of osgl1‐4 was probably due to a significant reduction in C25 and C27 alkanes. These results indicate that very long chain alkanes are components of rice pollen coat and control male fertility via affecting pollen adhesion and hydration in response to environmental humidity. Moreover, we proposed that a critical point of water content in mature pollen is required for the initiation of pollen adhesion.
No evidence for triose phosphate limitation of light‐saturated leaf photosynthesis under current atmospheric CO2 concentration
Authors: Kumarathunge Dushan P. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Drake John E. , Rogers Alistair , Tjoelker Mark G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe triose phosphate utilization (TPU) rate has been identified as one of the processes that can limit terrestrial plant photosynthesis. However, we lack a robust quantitative assessment of TPU limitation of photosynthesis at the global scale. As a result, TPU, and its potential limitation of photosynthesis, is poorly represented in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). In this study, we utilized a global data set of photosynthetic CO2 response curves representing 141 species from tropical rainforests to Arctic tundra. We quantified TPU by fitting the standard biochemical model of C3 photosynthesis to measured photosynthetic CO2 response curves and characterized its instantaneous temperature response. Our results demonstrate that TPU does not limit leaf photosynthesis at the current ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration. Furthermore, our results showed that the light‐saturated photosynthetic rates of plants growing in cold environments are not more often limited by TPU than those of plants growing in warmer environments. In addition, our study showed that the instantaneous temperature response of TPU is distinct from temperature response of the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation. The new formulations of the temperature response of TPU derived in this study may prove useful in quantifying the biochemical limits to terrestrial plant photosynthesis and improve the representation of plant photosynthesis in TBMs.
Decision‐ and feedback‐related brain potentials reveal risk processing mechanisms in patients with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Sehrig Sarah , Weiss Andreas , Miller Gregory A. , Rockstroh Brigitte 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIndividuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are aware of the risks of alcohol abuse yet continue risky drinking. Research indicates that dysfunctional decision processes and trait variables such as impulsivity contribute to this awareness‐behavior discrepancy. The present study focused on decision‐related versus feedback‐related processes as potential contributors to decision making in AUD by examining the relationship between decision choices and decision‐ and feedback‐related ERP phenomena in the balloon analogue risk task (BART). N = 39 AUD and n = 35 healthy comparison participants (HC) performed the BART modified for EEG assessment. In each of 100 runs, participants made a series of choices about whether to pump up a virtual balloon, which popped pseudorandomly, ending the run. Alternatively, participants ended the run by pressing a “cash‐out” button. Each pump not producing a pop provided .05 €; popping resulted in loss of the run’s accumulated gain. Groups made similar choices, though AUD responded more slowly. The decision P3 200‒400 ms after decision prompt (balloon) was larger in AUD than in HC, and decision P3 enhancement on high‐risk trials predicted choices to pump. Feedback‐related negativity (FRN) after loss (relative to cash out) feedback was smaller in AUD than in HC, suggesting indifference to negative feedback. In AUD, high impulsivity was associated with risk‐modulated decision P3 but not FRN. Results indicate atypical decision‐ and feedback‐related processes that could contribute to difficulties in engaging with daily challenges effectively.
Commercial Gentrification in Post‐Industrial Neighbourhoods: A Dynamic View From an Entrepreneur’s Perspective
Authors: Pastak Ingmar , Kindsiko Eneli , Tammaru Tiit , Kleinhans Reinout , Van Ham Maarten 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn urban geography research there is a small supply of articles which reflect upon the aims and motives of entrepreneurs when they enter neighbourhoods that are undergoing a process of gentrification. The aim of this paper is to better understand the explanatory factors behind the timing of entrepreneurial changes that take place during the commercial gentrification process in Tallinn’s post‐industrial neighbourhoods. Based on thirty in‐depth interviews, we propose an explanation from the supply perspective that highlights the dynamics behind motivation‐based influences. By modifying the diffusion of the innovation theory developed by Rogers we are able to show how, during the different phases of the process, groups of pioneers, early adopters, the early and late majority, and laggards enter a neighbourhood that is being gentrified by varying objectives, and associate the dynamics behind the process with the follower effect that is being shaped by knowledge diffusion, a specific market niche, and physical co‐location.
Similarity Reimagined (with Implications for a Theory of Concepts)
Authors: Bloch‐Mullins Corinne L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSimilarity‐based theories of concepts have a broad intuitive appeal and have been successful in accounting for various phenomena related to the formation and application of concepts. Their adequacy as theories of concepts has been questioned, however, as similarity is often taken as too flexible, too unconstrained, to be explanatory of categorization. In this article, I propose an account of similarity that takes the “foil” against which the target items are measured as integral to the process of comparison, making the similarity relation a fundamentally triadic one. I argue that this account delivers more internal constraints on the process of comparison than the traditional, dyadic account of similarity does. Finally, I propose that this account is advantageous for a similarity‐based theory of concepts, as it easily integrates with the notion of conceptual taxonomy and uses it to deliver additional constraints on categorization. On such a theory of concepts, the foil, whose variability is in large part responsible for the flexible nature of similarity judgements, is turned within the framework of conceptual taxonomy to the very element that constrains similarity judgements in categorization. Therefore, this notion of similarity mitigates the worry that similarity is too flexible to be explanatory of categorization.
Effects of whole blood leukoreduction on platelet function and hemostatic parameters
Authors: Morris M. C. , Veile R. , Friend L. A. , Oh D. , Pritts T. A. , Dorlac W. C. , Spinella P. C. , Goodman M. D. 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYAims/ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the hemostatic consequences of whole blood leukoreduction (LR).BackgroundWhole blood is being used for trauma resuscitation in the military, and an increasing number of civilian trauma centres across the nation. The benefits of LR, such as decreased infectious and transfusion‐related complications, are well established, but the effects on hemostatic parameters remain a concern.MethodsTwenty‐four units of whole blood were assigned to one of the four groups: non‐leukoreduced (NLR), leukoreduced at 1 h and a height of 33 in. (LR‐1), leukoreduced at 4 h and a height of 33 in. (LR‐4(33)), or leukoreduced at 4 h and a height of 28 in. (LR‐4(28)). Viscoelastic parameters, platelet aggregation, cell counts, physiological parameters and thrombin potential were evaluated immediately before and after LR, and on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 following LR.ResultsThe viscoelastic parameters and thrombin generation potential were unchanged between the groups. Platelet aggregation was reduced in the LR‐1 group compared with NLR after 7 days. The LR‐4(28) group also showed a trend of reduced platelet aggregation compared with NLR. Aggregation in LR‐4(33) was similar to NLR throughout the storage time. Physiological and electrolyte changes over the whole blood storage period were not affected by LR.ConclusionOur study shows that whole blood can be LR at 4 h after collection and a height of 33 in. while maintaining platelet count and without altering platelet function and hemostatic performance.
Validation of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy risk-sudden cardiac death calculator in Asians
Authors: Choi You-Jung , Kim Hyung-Kwan , Lee Sang Chol , Park Jun-Bean , Moon Inki , Park Jiesuck , Kim Yong-Jin , Sohn Dae-Won , Ommen Steve 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) risk-sudden cardiac death (SCD) calculator endorsed by the 2014 European Society of Cardiology has not been independently validated in the Asians. We aimed to investigate whether the HCM Risk-SCD calculator effectively predicts SCD in Korean HCM population.MethodsAn observational, longitudinal cohort study was performed in 730 patients with HCM from 2007 to 2017. The primary endpoint was a composite of SCD and appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy.ResultsDuring a follow-up period of 4288 person-years, 16 (2.2%) patients reached the primary endpoint. This validation study revealed a calibration slope of 0.892 and C-statistics of 0.718. The primary endpoint occurred in 1.1% (7/615), 4.6% (3/65) and 12.0% (6/50) of low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk groups, respectively. Although most patients (85.2%) without the primary endpoint were classified into the low-risk group, 7 of 11 SCD (63.6%) occurred in the low-risk group. In univariable and multivariable analysis, sex (woman) was significantly associated with the primary endpoint and emerged as independent predictor. The addition of sex to the HCM Risk-SCD calculator significantly improved the predictive value of the primary endpoint (net reclassification improvement 0.557, p=0.015).ConclusionsIn the Korean HCM population, the HCM Risk-SCD calculator had a high negative predictive value and accuracy for predicting SCD or appropriate ICD therapy, but misclassified a few patients experiencing the primary endpoint as low-risk or intermediate-risk groups.
The fog on: Generalized teleportation by means of discrete-time quantum walks on N-lines and N-cycles
Authors: Nguyen Duc Manh , Kim Sunghwan 
Published: August 2019

The recent paper entitled “Generalized teleportation by means of discrete-time quantum walks on [Formula: see text]-lines and [Formula: see text]-cycles” by Yang et al. [Mod. Phys. Lett. B 33(6) (2019) 1950069] proposed the quantum teleportation by means of discrete-time quantum walks on [Formula: see text]-lines and [Formula: see text]-cycles. However, further investigation shows that the quantum walk over the one-dimensional infinite line can be based over the [Formula: see text]-cycles and cannot be based on [Formula: see text]-lines. The proofs of our claims on quantum walks based on finite lines are also provided in detail.
SNAI1 Promotes the Cholangiocellular Phenotype, but not Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition, in a Murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model
Authors: Xu Meng , Wang Jingxiao , Xu Zhong , Li Rong , Wang Pan , Shang Runze , Cigliano Antonio , Ribback Silvia , Solinas Antonio , Pes Giovanni Mario , Evert Katja , Wang Haichuan , Song Xinhua , Zhang Shu , Che Li , Pascale Rosa Maria , Calvisi Diego Francesco , Liu Qingguang , Chen Xin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and has limited treatment options. Snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1) is a master regulator of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and has been implicated in HCC initiation and progression. However, the precise role of SNAI1 and the way it contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis have not been investigated in depth, especially in vivo. Here, we analyzed the functional relevance of SNAI1 in promoting hepatocarcinogenesis in the context of the AKT/c-Met–driven mouse liver tumor model (AKT/c-Met/SNAI1). Overexpression of SNAI1 did not accelerate AKT/c-Met–induced HCC development or induce metastasis in mice. Elevated SNAI1 expression rather led to the formation of cholangiocellular (CCA) lesions in the mouse liver, a phenotype that was paralleled by increased activation of Yap and Notch. Ablation of Yap strongly inhibited AKT/c-Met/SNAI-induced HCC and CCA development, whereas inhibition of the Notch pathway specifically blocked the CCA-like phenotype in mice. Intriguingly, overexpression of SNAI1 failed to induce EMT, indicated by strong E-cadherin expression and lack of vimentin expression by AKT/c-Met/SNAI tumor cells. SNAI1 mRNA levels strongly correlated with the expression of CCA markers, including SOX9, CK19, and EPCAM, but not with EMT markers such as E-CADHERIN and ZO-1, in human HCC samples. Overall, our findings suggest SNAI1 regulates the CCA-like phenotype in hepatocarcinogenesis via regulation of Yap and Notch.

Significance:
These findings report a new function of SNAI1 to promote cholangiocellular transdifferentiation instead of epithelial–mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma.
CD45+CD326+ Cells are Predictive of Poor Prognosis in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Ishizawa Kota , Yamanaka Mie , Saiki Yuriko , Miyauchi Eisaku , Fukushige Shinichi , Akaishi Tetsuya , Asao Atsuko , Mimori Takahiro , Saito Ryota , Tojo Yutaka , Yamashita Riu , Abe Michiaki , Sakurada Akira , Pham Nhu-An , Li Ming , Okada Yoshinori , Ishii Tadashi , Ishii Naoto , Kobayashi Seiichi , Nagasaki Masao , Ichinose Masakazu , Tsao Ming-Sound , Horii Akira 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the major process by which some cancer cells convert from an epithelial phenotype to a mesenchymal one, has been suggested to drive chemo-resistance and/or metastasis in patients with cancer. However, only a few studies have demonstrated the presence of CD45/CD326 doubly-positive cells (CD45/CD326 DPC) in cancer. We deployed a combination of cell surface markers to elucidate the phenotypic heterogeneity in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and identified a new subpopulation that is doubly-positive for epithelial and non–epithelial cell-surface markers in both NSCLC cells and patients' malignant pleural effusions.

Experimental Design:
We procured a total of 39 patients' samples, solid fresh lung cancer tissues from 21 patients and malignant pleural effusion samples from 18 others, and used FACS and fluorescence microscopy to check their surface markers. We also examined the EGFR mutations in patients with known acquired EGFR mutations.

Results:
Our data revealed that 0.4% to 17.9% of the solid tumor tissue cells and a higher percentage of malignant pleural effusion cells harbored CD45/CD326 DPC expressing both epithelial and nonepithelial surface markers. We selected 3 EGFR mutation patients and genetically confirmed that the newly identified cell population really originated from cancer cells. We also found that higher proportions of CD45/CD326 DPC are significantly associated with poor prognosis.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, varying percentages of CD45/CD326 DPC exist in both solid cancer tissue and malignant pleural effusion in patients with NSCLC. This CD45/CD326 doubly-positive subpopulation can be an important key to clinical management of patients with NSCLC.
An RNA Aptamer–Based Biomarker Platform Demonstrates High Soluble CD25 Occupancy by IL2 in the Serum of Follicular Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Veeramani Suresh , Blackwell Sue E. , Thiel William H. , Yang Zhi-Zhang , Ansell Stephen M. , Giangrande Paloma H. , Weiner George J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLigand–receptor complexes play a central role in mediating a range of processes in immunology and cancer biology. The ability to directly quantify the fraction of receptors occupied by a ligand in a given biospecimen, as opposed to assessing the concentration of ligand and receptor separately, could provide an additional and valuable clinical and research tool for assessing whether receptors are occupied by a ligand. To address this need, a biomarker platform was developed to quantify the fraction of receptors occupied by a ligand using pairs of RNA aptamers, where one aptamer binds preferentially to the unoccupied receptor and the other to the ligand–receptor complex. Bound aptamer was quantified using RT-qPCR colorimetric probes specific for each aptamer. The binding ratio of aptamer correlated with the fraction of receptors occupied by a ligand. This assay, termed as LIRECAP (LIgand–REceptor Complex-binding APtamer) assay, was used to determine the fraction of soluble CD25 occupied by IL2 in the serum from subjects with B-cell lymphoma. No correlation was found between the type of lymphoma and total soluble CD25 or IL2 independently. In contrast, the fraction of soluble CD25 occupied by IL2 was significantly higher in follicular lymphoma patient serum compared with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient serum. We conclude that this technology has the potential to serve as a high-throughput biomarker platform to quantify the fraction of receptors occupied by a ligand.
PD-1 Inhibition Achieves a Complete Metabolic Response in a Patient with Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Authors: Davis Lisa E. , Nicholls Lauren A. , Babiker Hani M. , Liau Joy , Mahadevan Daruka 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
High-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) have a poor prognosis with limited responsiveness to systemic therapy. We document a case of a complete metabolic response to pembrolizumab monotherapy in metastatic disease. Tumor molecular profiling identified programmed-death ligand-1 (PD-L1) positivity. This characteristic provided a rationale for immune-checkpoint therapy. Treatment with pembrolizumab resulted in a complete metabolic response after four cycles of therapy. Patients with PD-L1–positive, metastatic MPNST may be candidates for immune-checkpoint therapy, which may produce a durable complete remission. Future study of anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy is warranted.