bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal genetic considerations of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)
Authors: Talati Asha N. , Webster Carolyn M. , Vora Neeta L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCongenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) constitute 20% of all congenital malformations occurring in one in 500 live births. Worldwide, CAKUT are responsible for 40% to 50% of pediatric and 7% of adult end‐stage renal disease. Pathogenic variants in genes causing CAKUT include monogenic diseases such as polycystic kidney disease and ciliopathies, as well as syndromes that include isolated kidney disease in conjunction with other abnormalities. Prenatal diagnosis most often occurs using ultrasonography; however, further genetic diagnosis may be made using a variety of testing strategies. Family history and pathologic examination can also provide information to improve the ability to make a prenatal diagnosis of CAKUT. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of genetic considerations in the prenatal diagnosis of CAKUT disorders. Specifically, we discuss monogenic causes of CAKUT, associated ultrasound characteristics, and considerations for genetic diagnosis, antenatal care, and postnatal care.
Personality profiles as potential targets for intervention: Identification and replication
Authors: Clark Lee Anna , Nuzum Hallie , Shapiro Jaime L. , Vanderbleek Emily N. , Daly Elizabeth J. , Simons Anne D. , Ro Eunyoe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe alternative dimensional model of personality disorder (PD) diagnosis, based on personality‐functioning impairment and pathological traits, opens the door for tailoring treatments to individuals with more homogeneous personality profiles than diagnostic categories. Such a transdiagnostic PD treatment approach requires robust, replicable, personality‐relevant dimensions, which we found using a large battery of self‐report measures: Self‐pathology and negative affectivity (NA) traits, interpersonal pathology and detachment traits, and interpersonal pathology and antagonism traits. Using these dimensions, we identified three groups that had, respectively, elevations on (1) all three dimensions, (2) self‐pathology/NA (with/without interpersonal–pathology elevation(s)) and (3) either or both interpersonal‐pathology dimensions, without elevated self‐pathology/NA. Using the same personality‐functioning measures and a half‐overlapping trait set, we replicated these profiles in an additional sample. Interview‐based measures of functioning and personality pathology provided external validity evidence for the method, suggesting it represents a critical first step towards treatment research targeting transdiagnostic processes rather than diagnoses. For example, two groups might benefit from treatments focused, respectively, on emotional dysregulation and interpersonal relations, whereas the multiple‐problem group may need a sequenced treatment approach. Research is needed to test these hypotheses and to expand the method to include a wider range of pathological personality traits. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing Branched Deoxybenzoin Polyesters as Polymeric Flame Retardants
Authors: Stubbs Elizabeth , Brown Moira , Steele Anna , Song Cheng , Emrick Todd 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAB2 monomers present opportunities to conduct one‐pot syntheses of highly branched or “hyperbranched” polymers, which are known for their distinct physical and chemical properties relative to linear polymers. This paper describes the synthesis of a deoxybenzoin‐containing AB2 monomer and its use in step‐growth polymerization to prepare branched aromatic polyesters. Highly soluble deoxybenzoin polymers were obtained with degrees of branching reaching 0.36 and estimated molecular weights approaching 20 kDa. The phenolic chain ends of the polymer allowed for post‐polymerization modification by silylation and esterification chemistry. TGA and microscale combustion calorimetry revealed these novel aromatic polyesters to possess the critically important characteristics of flame‐retardant polymers, such as high char yield and low heat release. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1765–1770
On the Origin of Heterogeneous Diffusion in Glassy Poly(alkyl methacrylates)
Authors: Syutkin Vladimir M. , Vyazovkin Vladimir L. , Bol'shakov Boris V. , Grebenkin Sergey 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe diffusion of small molecules through amorphous polymers proceeds by the thermally activated jumps whose rate changes from one region to another due to polymer heterogeneity. Little is known at present about the origin of diffusion heterogeneity. The oxidation of triplet nitrene and quenching of phenanthrene phosphorescence have been used to study the movement of molecular oxygen on a nanometer length scale in glassy poly(ethyl methacrylate) and poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) far below the glass transition temperature. It has been found that, as temperature increases, the jump rates in all regions increase by the same factor. This finding points to the equality of the activation energies of oxygen jumps in different regions of the polymers. We conclude that the correlated elastic displacements of polymer chains inside regions about several nanometers in size provide molecules jumps. Due to the large size of these regions, the activation energy of jump does not depend on local polymer structure. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1097–1104
Exploring New Ways to Solve Old Problems; the Hunt for Alternative Stability Tests
Authors: Tunnell Ruth , Tod Dave 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe 80 °C self‐heat test (formally known as the silvered vessel test) is one of the methods the UK uses to assess if nitrate ester based solid rocket propellants are sufficiently stable for service use. However, it uses a large mass of propellant – of the order of 70 g – and so there have always been safety concerns with regards to this technique. Further to this, it is not an internationally recognised test. There has been a desire to find a replacement for the 80 °C self‐heat test since at least the 1980s. One of the key advantages of the method is that it uses a significant mass of material and so is more representative of stabiliser depletion reactions in a solid rocket motor compared with smaller scale ageing tests. It is also considered a reliable method as it will accurately show if a nitrate ester based propellant is sufficiently stable for service use or not. This research, using three nitrate ester based propellants, has shown that the technique which is colloquially named “extreme heat flow calorimetry” offers an alternative to the 80 °C self‐heat test. Further, this method appears to be a new way of assessing the stability of nitrate ester based propellants and it has also been shown to be able to detect changes upon ageing for a particular propellant.
Transcriptional regulatory module analysis reveals that bridge proteins reconcile multiple signals in extracellular electron transfer pathways
Authors: Ding Dewu , Shu Chuanjun , Sun Xiao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 shows remarkable respiratory versatility with a large variety of extracellular electron acceptors (termed extracellular electron transfer, EET). To utilize the various electron acceptors, the bacterium must employ complex regulatory mechanisms to elicit the relevant EET pathways. To investigate the relevant mechanisms, we integrated EET genes and related transcriptional factors (TFs) into transcriptional regulatory modules (TRMs) and showed that many bridge proteins in these modules were signal proteins, which generally contained one or more signal processing domains (eg, GGDEF, EAL, PAS, etc.). Since Shewanella has to respond to diverse environmental conditions despite encoding few EET‐relevant TFs, the overabundant signal proteins involved in the TRMs can help decipher the mechanism by which these microbes elicit a wide range of condition‐specific responses. By combining proteomic data and protein bioinformatic analysis, we demonstrated that diverse signal proteins reconciled the different EET pathways, and we discussed the functional roles of signal proteins involved in the well‐known MtrCAB pathway. Additionally, we showed that the signal proteins SO_2145 and SO_1417 played central roles in triggering EET pathways in anaerobic environments. Taken together, our results suggest that signal proteins have a profound impact on the transcriptional regulation of EET genes and thus have potential applications in microbial fuel cells.
An efficient double exponentially weighted moving average Benjamini‐Hochberg control chart to control false discovery rate
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad Shujaat , Azam Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA control chart based on double exponentially weighted moving average and Benjamini‐Hochberg multiple testing procedure is proposed that controls the false discovery rate (FDR). The proposed control chart is based on probabilities (or P values) to accept or reject the null hypothesis of the underlying process is in control. To make a decision, instead of using only the current probability, previous “m” probabilities are considered. The performance of the control chart is evaluated in terms of average run length (ARL) using Monte Carlo simulations. Procedure for estimation of parameters used in the control chart is also discussed. The proposed control chart is compared with previous control charts and found to be more efficient in controlling the false discovery rate.
Correlation between the Carbon Nanotube Growth Rate and Byproducts in Antenna‐Type Remote Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition Observed by Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Inaba Masafumi , Ochiai Takumi , Ohara Kazuyoshi , Kato Ryogo , Maki Tasuku , Ohashi Toshiyuki , Kawarada Hiroshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor sp2 or sp3 carbon material growth, it is important to investigate the precursors or intermediates just before growth. In this study, the density of ethylene (C2H4) outside the plasma discharge space and just before reaching the carbon nanotube (CNT) growth region is investigated by vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy for plasma discharge in an antenna‐type remote plasma chemical vapor deposition with a CH4/H2 system, with which the growth of very long (≈0.5 cm) CNT forests is achieved. Single‐wall CNT forests have the potential for application as electrodes in battery cells, vertical wiring for high current applications, and thermal interface materials. It is observed that the plasma discharge decomposes the CH4 source gas and forms C2Hx
species, which reversibly reform to C2H4 in the plasma‐off state. In addition, the density of the formed C2H4 has a strong correlation to the CNT growth rate. Therefore, the C2H4 density is a good indicator of the density of C2Hx
species for CNT growth in the CH4/H2 plasma system.
Glutathione Induced Transformation of Partially Hollow Gold–Silver Nanocages for Cancer Diagnosis and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Qin Zhaojian , Du Tianyu , Zheng Youkun , Luo Peng , Zhang Jialei , Xie Mengyang , Zhang Ying , Du Ying , Yin Lihong , Cui Daxiang , Lu Qiangbing , Lu Minghui , Wang Xuemei , Jiang Hui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGold–silver nanocages (GSNCs) are widely used in cancer imaging and therapy due to excellent biocompatibility, internal hollow structures, and tunable optical properties. However, their possible responses toward the tumor microenvironment are still not well understood. In this study, it is demonstrated that a kind of relatively small sized (35 nm) and partially hollow GSNCs (absorbance centered at 532 nm) can enhance the intrinsic photoacoustic imaging performances for blood vessels around tumor sites. More importantly, the high concentration of glutathione around the tumor cells' microenvironment may induce the aggregation, disintegration, and agglomeration of these GSNCs sequentially, allowing significant shifts in the absorbance spectrum of GSNCs to the near‐infrared (NIR) region. This enhanced absorbance in the NIR region entails the significant photothermal therapy (PTT) effect. In vivo experiments, including photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) for cancer diagnosis and PTT in tumor model mice, also show coincident consequences. Taken together, the slightly hollow GSNCs may assist PAM‐based tumor diagnosis and induce a tumor targeted PTT effect. This work paves a new avenue for the development of an alternative tumor diagnostic and therapeutic strategy.
Implementation and evaluation of motion detection module based on hall sensors for the geared motor of automatic gate
Authors: Woo Seong Tak 
Published: July 2019

The use of geared motor modules, installed in automatic doors to optimize the stability, efficiency, and manufacturing costs related to automatic door opening and closing, has been attracting scientific attention. Generally, signal processing and the sensor circuit board inserted in the geared motor have been widely used in optical systems. However, the optical system is disadvantageous in that it is susceptible to external shock, humidity, and dust. In this article, a magnetic impulse ring‐based motion detection circuit board simpler in structure than the existing optical systems, having excellent durability against external environments, and can be miniaturized is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed module based on Hall sensor has RPM (revolution per minute) detection characteristics more than 6 dB better than conventional optical module. Also, the proposed module has about 14 dB excellent power consumption than existing optical modules, thus its applicability is confirmed. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Serological and molecular identification of Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in chickens in Sudan
Authors: Alfaki Shima H. , Hussien Mohammed O. , Elsheikh Fadwa M. , Taha Khalid M. , Elbrissi Atif H. , El Hussein Abdel Rahim M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundReticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is a gammaretrovirus that belongs to the family of Retroviridae. The infection can result in immunosuppression, runting syndrome, high mortality, acute reticular cell neoplasia or T‐ and/ or B‐cell lymphoma, in a variety of domestic and wild birds. The disease is widespread around the world. No related data have been reported in Sudan about the disease. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of REV antibodies and DNA in local and commercial breeds of chickens older than 20 weeks from June 2014 to February, 2017.MethodsA total of 460 sera samples and 150 (50 liver and 100 spleen) tissue samples were collected from local and commercial breeds of chickens older than 20 weeks and screened for anti‐REV antibodies in four states of Sudan using a commercial REV antibody ELISA test kit (IDEXX). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect REV DNA in tissue samples in Khartoum State.ResultsThe results revealed that the overall seroprevalence of REV was 74.6% among local and commercial chicken breeds, but in commercial it was 79.5% (190/239) and 69.2% in local breeds (153/221). One hundred and fifty tissue samples of chickens (50 liver, 100 spleen) were tested using PCR for detection of REV using primer sets of the conserved region in envelope glycoprotein (env) gene with a band length of 850 bp. Five out of 50 (10%) liver samples were RE provirus DNA positive detected by PCR, whereas 15 out of 100 (15%) spleen samples were PCR positive. Univariate analysis revealed there was a difference (p ≤ 0.05) between locality and breed of chickens and seropositivity to REV.ConclusionsThe prevalence of the disease was high in Sudan and more studies are needed to evaluate the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the virus.
Tree box performance in exfiltrating stormwater runoff
Authors: Ahmed Farzana , Borst Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study determines the exfiltration rates in six tree boxes with embedded sensors and analyzes their hydrologic performance for 2 years to quantify the effect of different parameters (i.e., water depth, temperature, and age) on the exfiltration rate. Each tree box is 1.5 m wide, 1.5 m long, and 1.8 m deep. A 46‐cm‐diameter shaft was drilled at the bottom of each tree box to reach the underlying permeable soil layer. The water level inside the shaft rose up to 500 cm. Exfiltration rate increased with water level and exfiltration rate in second year decreased significantly by 27%–37% compared with first year. Overall, in the second year, the decrease in geometric mean exfiltration rate was largest for moderate depths of the standing water inside the shaft, ranging between 100 and 130 cm from the bottom of the shaft. The exfiltration rate of the tree boxes was significantly larger for warmer season and significantly smaller for cooler season. The infiltration rate of the underlying soil is a controlling factor of the performance of tree box.Practitioner points

The study determines the exfiltration rates in six tree boxes and analyzes their performance over time.

Exfiltration rate in second year decreased significantly by 27%–37% compared to first year.

The exfiltration rate of the tree boxes was larger for warmer rain events and smaller for cooler rain events.

Tree boxes with lower permeable underlying soil developed higher water level in the shaft.
Evaluating changes to Ralstonia pickettii in high-purity water to guide selection of potential calibration materials for online water bioburden analyzers
Authors: Benkstein Kurt D , Da Silva Sandra M , Lin Nancy J , Ripple Dean C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Online water bioburden analyzers (OWBAs) can provide real-time feedback on viable bacteria in high-purity water (HPW) systems for pharmaceutical manufacturers. To calibrate and validate OWBAs, which detect bacteria using scattered light and bacterial autofluorescence, standards are needed that mimic the characteristics of bacteria in HPW. To guide selection of potential standards, e.g., fluorescent microspheres, a relevant bacterial contaminant, Ralstonia pickettii, was characterized for size, count, viability, and autofluorescence after exposure for 24 h to HPW or a nutrient environment. The cells exposed to HPW showed smaller sizes, with lower counts and autofluorescence intensities, but similar spectral features. The cell characteristics are discussed in comparison with a set of fluorescent microspheres, considering factors relevant to OWBAs. These studies suggest that fluorescent microspheres should be relatively small (&lt; 1 µm diameter) and dim, while covering a broad emission range from ≈ (420 to 600) nm to best mimic the representative R. pickettii.
“Let us discuss math”; Effects of shift‐problem lessons on mathematical discussions and level raising in early algebra
Authors: Calor Sharon M. , Dekker Rijkje , van Drie Jannet P. , Zijlstra Bonne J. H. , Volman Monique L. L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We investigated whether early algebra lessons that explicitly aimed to elicit mathematical discussions (shift-problem lessons) invoke more and qualitatively better mathematical discussions and raise students’ mathematical levels more than conventional lessons in a small group setting. A quasi-experimental study (pre- and post-test, control group) was conducted in 6 seventh-grade classes (N = 160). An analysis of the interaction processes of five student groups showed that more mathematical discussions occurred in the shift-problem condition. The quality of the mathematical discussions in the shift-problem condition was better compared to that in the conventional textbook condition, but there is still more room for improvement. A qualitative illustration of two typical mathematical discussions in the shift-problem condition are provided. Although students’ mathematical levels were raised a fair amount in both conditions, no differences between conditions were found. We concluded that shift-problem lessons are powerful for eliciting mathematical discussions in seventh-grade shift-problem early algebra lessons.
Development of a&nbsp;scale to measure intrapersonal factors influencing speaking up in the operating room
Authors: Toy Serkan , Guris Rodrigo J. Daly , Duarte Shirley S , Dwivedi Priyanka 
Published: July 2019

Introduction This paper reports on the development of a scale to measure intrapersonal factors (IPF) that may influence speaking up behaviour in the operating room.
Methods Participants were postgraduate year 2, 3, and 4 anaesthesiology residents and practising faculty anaesthesiologists at a large quaternary care academic hospital. Based on a literature review, the authors constructed the initial scale. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the underlying factor structure for the scale. A set of one-way ANOVAs and multiple ordinal regressions were carried out to provide additional validity evidence for the new scale.
Results Exploratory factor analysis indicated a three-factor solution accounting for 73% of the variance. The self-efficacy subscale included four items (Cronbach’s α = 0.86), and the social outcome expectations (Cronbach’s α = 0.86) and assertive attitude (Cronbach’s α = 0.67) subscales contained three items each. The effect of training level was significantly associated with self-efficacy (p < 0.001) and assertive attitude subscale scores (p < 0.001). Multiple ordinal regressions indicated that IPF predicted participants’ likelihood of speaking up in various hypothetical scenarios.
Discussion Our analyses provided initial evidence for the validity and reliability of a 10-item IPF scale. This instrument needs to be validated in other cohorts.
Efficient Path Planning Method of USV for Intelligent Target Search
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Fan , Liu Zengyuan , Li Yunsong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn order to accomplish a target search task safely and efficiently and make full use of prior information and real-time information, a path planning method of unmanned surface vehicle (USV) for intelligent target search is proposed. The overall strategy is divided into three parts: global path planning based on prior information, local path planning based on real-time information, and improved A* obstacle avoidance algorithm. Before the start of the task, the global path planning is carried out based on prior information such as the initial position of USV, the predicted position of the target and range of search area. After the start of the task, if USV finds suspicious targets, in order to further approach these suspicious targets, it will enter different local path planning modes according to the characteristics of these targets. During task execution, if obstacles are encountered, an improved A* obstacle avoidance algorithm is adopted. The simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the efficiency of target recognition and reduce the turning cost of USV when encountering obstacles. So, for USV intelligent target search, the proposed path planning method can save resources and improve search efficiency.