bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of cyclic Cushing's disease using late night salivary cortisol testing
Authors: Jahandideh Dariush , Swearingen Brooke , Nachtigall Lisa B. , Klibanski Anne , Biller Beverly M. K. , Tritos Nicholas A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo characterize a cohort of patients with cyclic Cushing's disease (CD) in comparison with noncyclic CD using late night salivary cortisol (LNSC) and examine the diagnostic sensitivity of LNSC in comparison with that of 24‐hour urine‐free cortisol (UFC) in this population.DesignRetrospective study of patients with CD seen in our institution between 2008 and 2017.PatientsA total of 205 patients, including 17 (8%) with cyclic CD (based on a minimum of 3 peaks and 2 troughs in cortisol levels). In a secondary analysis, 38 patients (19%) with cyclic CD were identified (based on a criterion of at least 2 peaks and 1 trough).MeasurementsData on presentation, laboratory tests and outcomes were extracted. The diagnostic sensitivity of LNSC vs UFC in establishing cyclic CD was calculated. Kaplan‐Meier analyses of recurrence after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (TSS) were performed.ResultsThe interval between presentation and TSS was significantly longer in patients with cyclic CD (P < .0001) in comparison with those with noncyclic CD. The sensitivity of LNSC in establishing cyclic CD was 88% and was higher than that of UFC (12%, P = .007). There were no differences in remission and recurrence rates between patients with cyclic CD and those with noncyclic CD.ConclusionsPatients with cyclic CD account only for a minority of those with CD, but may require a lengthier diagnostic evaluation. The use of LNSC on multiple occasions provides a more sensitive method of detecting cyclic CD than UFC. Outcomes of TSS in cyclic CD are comparable to those with noncyclic disease.
Modeling the Covariance Structure of Complex Datasets Using Cognitive Models: An Application to Individual Differences and the Heritability of Cognitive Ability
Authors: Evans Nathan J. , Steyvers Mark , Brown Scott D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUnderstanding individual differences in cognitive performance is an important part of understanding how variations in underlying cognitive processes can result in variations in task performance. However, the exploration of individual differences in the components of the decision process—such as cognitive processing speed, response caution, and motor execution speed—in previous research has been limited. Here, we assess the heritability of the components of the decision process, with heritability having been a common aspect of individual differences research within other areas of cognition. Importantly, a limitation of previous work on cognitive heritability is the underlying assumption that variability in response times solely reflects variability in the speed of cognitive processing. This assumption has been problematic in other domains, due to the confounding effects of caution and motor execution speed on observed response times. We extend a cognitive model of decision‐making to account for relatedness structure in a twin study paradigm. This approach can separately quantify different contributions to the heritability of response time. Using data from the Human Connectome Project, we find strong evidence for the heritability of response caution, and more ambiguous evidence for the heritability of cognitive processing speed and motor execution speed. Our study suggests that the assumption made in previous studies—that the heritability of cognitive ability is based on cognitive processing speed—may be incorrect. More generally, our methodology provides a useful avenue for future research in complex data that aims to analyze cognitive traits across different sources of related data, whether the relation is between people, tasks, experimental phases, or methods of measurement.
Surgical management of skin cancer and trauma involving the middle third of the auricle
Authors: Crisan Diana , Schneider Lars Alexander , Kastler Sabine , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin , Crisan Maria , Veit Johannes Alexander 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe main causes of acquired auricular defects are surgical treatment of skin tumors and trauma. Due to the complex anatomy of the external ear, surgical reconstruction of defects in this area is challenging for surgeons, especially in case of midhelix‐antihelix involvement with significant loss of soft tissue and cartilage.Our purpose is to illustrate the main reconstructive techniques of large midhelix and antihelix defects, as well as the advantages or disadvantages associated with each surgical procedure. Primary closure/wedge technique is mainly used in elderly, multimorbid subjects where single‐stage procedures are desirable, but several complex chondrocutaneous, retroauricular, temporoparietal full‐thickness flap procedures can also be used to recreate an ear with normal appearance.Auricular reconstruction of large midhelix‐antihelix defects requires a good knowledge of auricular anatomy and the various surgical procedures available for such defects.
Chirurgische Versorgung von Hautkrebs und Trauma im mittleren Drittel der Ohrmuschel
Authors: Crisan Diana , Schneider Lars Alexander , Kastler Sabine , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin , Crisan Maria , Veit Johannes Alexander 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Hauptursachen erworbener Ohrmuscheldefekte sind chirurgische Behandlung von Hauttumoren und Traumata. Wegen der komplexen Anatomie des Außenohrs ist die chirurgische Rekonstruktion von Defekten in dieser Region für Operateure herausfordernd, insbesondere wenn die mittlere Helix und Anthelix von größeren Weichteil– und Knorpelverlusten betroffen sind.Wir stellen hier die wichtigsten Techniken zur Rekonstruktion großer Defekte der mittleren Helix und Anthelix sowie die Vor– und Nachteile jedes chirurgischen Verfahrens vor. Bei älteren, multimorbiden Patienten werden meist einstufige Verfahren mit primärem Verschluss/Keilexzision angewandt; es können aber auch mehrere komplexe chondrokutane, retroaurikuläre, temporoparietale Vollhautlappen–Verfahren durchgeführt werden, um ein normal aussehendes Ohr zu rekonstruieren.Die aurikuläre Rekonstruktion großer Defekte der mittleren Helix‐Anthelix Region erfordert gute Kenntnisse der Ohrmuschel–Anatomie und der verschiedenen chirurgischen Verfahren zur Korrektur solcher Defekte.
Einfluss von Rot‐ versus Blaulicht auf Verträglichkeit und Wirksamkeit der PDT: eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie
Authors: Gholam Patrick , Bosselmann Ina , Enk Alexander , Fink Christine 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungFür die photodynamische Therapie aktinischer Keratosen können verschiedene Lichtquellen eingesetzt werden, da die Photosensibilisatoren durch unterschiedliche Wellenlängen aktiviert werden. Allerdings wird der relative Einfluss der Bestrahlung mit Rot‐ und Blaulicht auf die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit der Therapie kontrovers diskutiert.ZielDas Ziel dieser Studie ist es die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit der Therapie mit roten und blauen Lichtquellen sowie die Beurteilung der Patienten hinsichtlich der kosmetischen Ergebnisse, des klinischen Ansprechens, der Schmerzhaftigkeit und der bevorzugten Lichtquelle bei zukünftigen photodynamischen Behandlungen zu vergleichen.MethodenEs handelt sich um eine prospektive, monozentrische, randomisierte, kontrollierte, offene Studie mit 28 Patienten, bei denen eine elektive photodynamische Therapie durchgeführt wurde.ErgebnisseSowohl die rote als auch die blaue Lichtquelle erzielten mit Ansprechraten von 84 % beziehungsweise 85 % sehr gute Ergebnisse. Während der photodynamischen Therapie betrugen die Schmerzen auf der visuellen Analogskala 6,1 vs. 5,4 (und acht Stunden nach der Therapie 2,1 vs. 1,5). Diese Unterschiede waren zwar statistisch signifikant, ihre klinische Relevanz war jedoch gering, da die Anzahl der Therapieunterbrechungen bei beiden Gruppen gleich verteilt war und sich aus der subjektiven Bewertung der Therapie durch die Patienten keine persönliche Präferenz für eine der Lichtquellen ergab.SchlussfolgerungenBeide Lichtquellen zeigten in dieser Studie sehr gute klinische Ergebnisse und eine zufriedenstellende Verträglichkeit.
Scalp tumors
Authors: Prodinger Christine Maria , Koller Josef , Laimer Martin 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTumors of the scalp are characterized by an impressively broad and heterogeneous clinical spectrum. They frequently exhibit site‐specific features distinguishing them from their counterparts elsewhere on the skin. Although mostly benign, diagnosis and treatment of these lesions may pose a significant challenge due to impaired visibility (and thus delayed detection), anatomical circumstances, exposure to (exogenous) noxious agents, distinct histological features, as well as the often‐advanced age of affected individuals. This is even more true for malignant tumors of the scalp, which are uncommon but associated with a poor prognosis. Adequate patient care therefore requires interdisciplinary management. Against this background, the present article addresses general principles and distinct features of the most important tumors of the scalp.
Efficacy and safety of pancreatic juice cytology by using synthetic secretin in the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Takeda Yohei , Matsumoto Kazuya , Kurumi Hiroki , Koda Hiroki , Yamashita Taro , Onoyama Takumi , Kawata Soichiro , Horie Yasushi , Isomoto Hajime 
Published: June 2018

Background and AimPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is difficult to detect in its early stages with the poorest prognosis of all cancers. To improve the prognosis, a precise diagnosis is needed when we suspect PDAC. Although endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (EUS‐FNA) is a widely accepted modality for the diagnosis of PDAC, its sensitivity is 85–89%, and approximately 10% of PDAC cases cannot be diagnosed. The main causes that interrupt the diagnosis of PDAC by using EUS‐FNA are tumor size, presence of a vessel or the main pancreatic duct along the puncture route, and difficulty in withdrawing anticoagulant. Pancreatic juice cytology (PJC), the sensitivity of which is 33.3–65.8%, is a method for the diagnosis of PDAC cases in which carrying out of EUS‐FNA is difficult. To diagnose PDAC appropriately, we need to improve the diagnostic ability of PJC.MethodsWe examined PJC using synthetic secretin for 138 cases of pancreatic tumor and pancreatic non‐cancerous diseases.ResultsSensitivity of PJC improved from 50.9% to 74.0% as a result of synthetic secretin loading, and 13 PDAC cases that had not been able to be diagnosed with EUS‐FNA could be diagnosed pathologically by PJC. Although there were 12 patients with mild pancreatitis (8.7%) as a complication, all were relieved with conservative treatment.ConclusionAdding synthetic secretin to PJC is useful for cases in which it is difficult to carry out EUS‐FNA for PDAC.
Calcium signalling and related ion channels in neutrophil recruitment and function
Authors: Immler Roland , Simon Scott I. , Sperandio Markus 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation, their battle against invading microorganisms through phagocytosis and the release of antimicrobial agents is a highly coordinated and tightly regulated process that involves the interplay of many different receptors, ion channels and signalling pathways. Changes in intracellular calcium levels, caused by cytosolic Ca2+ store depletion and the influx of extracellular Ca2+ via ion channels, play a critical role in synchronizing neutrophil activation and function. In this review, we provide an overview of how Ca2+ signalling is initiated in neutrophils and how changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels modulate neutrophil function.
Wearable devices for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy prevention
Authors: Ryvlin Philippe , Ciumas Carolina , Wisniewski Ilona , Beniczky Sandor 
Published: June 2018

SummarySudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is most often associated with the occurrence of generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS), a seizure type that can now be detected with high sensitivity and specificity by wearable or bed devices. The recent development in such devices and their performance offer multiple opportunities to tackle SUDEP and its prevention. Reliable GTCS detection might help physicians optimize antiepileptic treatment, which could in turn reduce the risk of SUDEP. GTCS‐triggered alarms can lead to immediate intervention by caregivers that are also likely to decrease the odd of SUDEP. The biosignals used to detect GTCS might provide novel SUDEP biomarkers, in particular, by informing on several important characteristics of the ictal and postictal periods (type of GTCS, duration of tonic phase, rotation in the prone position, presence and duration of postictal immobility and bradycardia, rise in electrodermal activity). Other biosensors not yet used for detecting GTCS might provide complementary information, such as the presence and intensity of ictal/postictal hypoxemia. The above biomarkers, if strongly predictive, could help identify patients at very high risk of SUDEP, enabling better assessment of individual risk, as well as selection of appropriate patients for clinical studies aiming at preventing SUDEP. The same biosignals could also be used as ancillary biomarkers to test the impact of various interventions before moving to highly challenging randomized controlled trials with SUDEP as a primary outcome.
Risk of seizures and status epilepticus in older patients with liver disease
Authors: Alkhachroum Ayham M. , Rubinos Clio , Kummer Benjamin R. , Parikh Neal S. , Chen Monica , Chatterjee Abhinaba , Reynolds Alexandra , Merkler Alexander E. , Claassen Jan , Kamel Hooman 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveSeizures can be provoked by systemic diseases associated with metabolic derangements, but the association between liver disease and seizures remains unclear.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using inpatient and outpatient claims between 2008 and 2015 from a nationally representative 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries. The primary exposure variable was cirrhosis, and the secondary exposure was mild, noncirrhotic liver disease. The primary outcome was seizure, and the secondary outcome was status epilepticus. Diagnoses were ascertained using validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification codes. Survival statistics were used to calculate incidence rates, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between exposures and outcomes while adjusting for seizure risk factors.ResultsAmong 1 782 402 beneficiaries, we identified 10 393 (0.6%) beneficiaries with cirrhosis and 19 557 (1.1%) with mild, noncirrhotic liver disease. Individuals with liver disease were older and had more seizure risk factors than those without liver disease. Over 4.6 ± 2.2 years of follow‐up, 49 843 (2.8%) individuals were diagnosed with seizures and 25 patients (0.001%) were diagnosed with status epilepticus. Cirrhosis was not associated with seizures (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0‐1.3), but there was an association with status epilepticus (HR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3‐2.8). Mild liver disease was not associated with a higher risk of seizures (HR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.6‐0.9) or status epilepticus (HR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.7‐1.5).SignificanceIn a large, population‐based cohort, we found an association between cirrhosis and status epilepticus, but no overall association between liver disease and seizures.
National social spaces as adjustment variables in the EMU: A critical legal appraisal
Authors: Costamagna Francesco 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe article critically engages with the reconfiguration of the role and status of national social spaces within the EU constitutional fabric after the reform of European economic governance. Its main contention is that these reforms have converted national social spaces into adjustment variables whose main function is to contribute to the pursuit of EMU‐related objectives. This transformation alters the balance between the economic and the social dimension in the EU legal order, deforming one of the defining traits of its constitutional identity.
Competition mechanisms of fatigue crack growth behavior in lath martensitic steel
Authors: Yang M. , Zhong Y. , Liang Y.‐l. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe fatigue crack growth behavior in 20CrMnTi lath martensitic steel with a hierarchical structure was investigated at room temperature. The microstructure was quantitatively characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattering diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Crack growth tests were performed at a stress ratio of 0.1 under the control of a stress intensity factor range using compact tension specimens. The results show that the lath martensite with medium grain size quenched in ice salt water possessed the highest fatigue crack propagation resistance, which was attributed to the relatively high intrinsic propagation resistance and extrinsic propagation resistance. Meanwhile, the results indicate that the intrinsic propagation resistance increased with the grain size, while the extrinsic propagation resistance showed an inverse tendency. In addition, the effect of substructure on the fatigue propagation properties is discussed. The deflection angle of block interfaces in the crack growth path indicated the block unit had a significant effect on the fatigue crack propagation behavior of lath martensitic steel. Based on the Taylor model, the block size (db) was considered to be the effective grain size for controlling the crack growth threshold value (∆Kth).
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: Vonoprazan, a potent acid blocker, is superior to proton‐pump inhibitors for eradication of clarithromycin‐resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Li Min , Oshima Tadayuki , Horikawa Tomoki , Tozawa Katsuyuki , Tomita Toshihiko , Fukui Hirokazu , Watari Jiro , Miwa Hiroto 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundVonoprazan is a novel gastric acid suppressant that is applied in Japan to treat gastric diseases including Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. This meta‐analysis aimed to summarize the ability of vonoprazan to eradicate clarithromycin‐susceptible and clarithromycin‐resistant H. pylori strains.Materials and MethodsA systematic search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Studies were included if they evaluated eradication rates of vonoprazan‐based and conventional PPI‐based triple therapies and checked for clarithromycin susceptibility of H. pylori.ResultsWe identified 5 studies including a total of 1599 patients containing data regarding H. pylori with clarithromycin susceptibility. Among those infected with clarithromycin‐susceptible H. pylori, eradication rates for vonoprazan‐based and conventional PPI‐based therapies did not significantly differ in either the randomized (RCT; pooled eradication rates, 95.4% vs 92.8%; pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.74‐3.61; P = .225) and nonrandomized (NRCT; pooled eradication rates, 92.9% vs 86.2%; OR, 4.58; 95% CI, 0.67‐31.45; P = .122) controlled trials. However, vonoprazan‐based triple therapy was significantly superiority to PPI‐based therapy for patients with clarithromycin‐resistant strains in both RCT (pooled eradication rates, 82.0% vs 40.0%; OR, 6.83; 95% CI, 3.63‐12.86; P < .0001) and NRCT (pooled eradication rates, 80.8% vs 41.8%; OR, 4.98; 95% CI, 2.47‐10.03; P < .0001).ConclusionsVonoprazan‐based and conventional PPI‐based therapies are similarly effective for the eradication of clarithromycin‐susceptible H. pylori strains. Vonoprazan is superior to conventional PPI‐based therapy for the eradication of clarithromycin‐resistant H. pylori strains. However, clarithromycin was misused because the combination of vonoprazan and amoxicillin cures approximately 80% of infections without clarithromycin.
Opportunities for faculty‐librarian collaboration in an expanded dentistry curriculum
Authors: Stone Sean , Quirke Michelle , Lowe M. Sara 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWith the increased emphasis on evidence based practice, developing information literacy skills earlier in health care education programmes is widely accepted. However finding opportunities for relevant teaching can present challenges, often leading to a lack of integration. In this paper, guest writers Sean Stone and colleagues from Indiana University discuss their involvement with an expanded dental hygiene curriculum in the University School of Dentistry. This expansion has provided the opportunity to plan integration of information and oral health literacy instruction and evidence based practice across the new curriculum, and provide transferable skills for any major. In particular, the paper addresses the developmental work the health librarian team engaged in from course design, delivery and assessment to improve student preparedness for evidence based practice.H.S.
VALUE OF THE STATUS QUO AND EFFICIENT PARTNERSHIP DISSOLUTION
Authors: Agastya Murali , Birulin Oleksii 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAllowing the value of an asset to depend on the ownership structure, we study ex post efficient (EPEF) dissolution of a partnership in a multidimensional independent private value (IPV) environment. The status‐quo may now be an EPEF outcome. Under mild support restrictions, we show that no partnership can be dissolved. Moreover, when the restrictions fail, one can dissolve a highly skewed partnership but not the equal partnership. These results are in stark contrast to the literature that follows Cramton et al. (Econometrica 55 (1987), 615–32) where an even allocation of initial property rights ensures efficient dissolution.
Extensive phenotypic diversification coexists with little genetic divergence and a lack of population structure in the White Wagtail subspecies complex (Motacilla alba)
Authors: Semenov Georgy A. , Koblik Evgeniy A. , Red'kin Yaroslav A. , Badyaev Alexander V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGeographically clustered phenotypes often demonstrate consistent patterns in molecular markers, particularly mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) traditionally used in phylogeographic studies. However, distinct evolutionary trajectories among traits and markers can lead to their discordance. First, geographic structure in phenotypic traits and nuclear molecular markers can be co‐aligned but inconsistent with mtDNA (mito‐nuclear discordance). Alternatively, phenotypic variation can have little to do with patterns in neither mtDNA nor nuclear markers. Disentangling between these distinct patterns can provide insight into the role of selection, demography and gene flow in population divergence. Here, we examined a previously reported case of strong inconsistency between geographic structure in mtDNA and plumage traits in a widespread polytypic bird species, the White Wagtail (Motacilla alba). We tested whether this pattern is due to mito‐nuclear discordance or discrepancy between morphological evolution and both nuclear and mtDNA markers. We analysed population differentiation and structure across six out of nine commonly recognized subspecies using 17 microsatellite loci and a combination of microsatellites and plumage indices in a comprehensively sampled region of a contact between two subspecies. We did not find support for the mito‐nuclear discordance hypothesis: nuclear markers indicated a subtle signal of genetic clustering only partially consistent with plumage groups, similar to previous findings that relied on mtDNA. We discuss evolutionary factors that could have shaped the intricate patterns of phenotypic diversification in the White wagtail and the role that repeated selection on plumage ‘hotspots’ and hybridization may have played.