bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der Einfluß von Heparin auf die akute Verbrauchskoagulopathie und die nachfolgende Hyperkoagulämie
Authors: Vinazzer H 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wurde der Einfluß von Thromboplastin- und Thrombininfusionen auf heparini-sierte Kaninchen untersucht. Folgende Befunde wurden erhoben:1. Die Verbrauchskoagulopathie nach Infusion von Thromboplastin wird nur dann verhindert, wenn Heparin in extrem hohem Überschuß vorhanden ist.2. Der überschießende Anstieg der Faktoren I, V und VIII in der Erholungsphase kann durch Heparin auch in höchster Konzentration nicht verhindert werden, wenn Thromboplastin infundiert wird.3. Durch Thrombininfusion kann im ausreichend heparinisierten Plasma keine Verbrauchskoagulopathie hervorgerufen werden. Ein extremer Heparinüberschuß ist dafür nicht erforderlich.4. Die Thrombininfusion erzeugt am heparinisierten Tier keinen nachfolgenden überschießenden Anstieg von Gerinnungsfaktoren.5. Diese Ergebnisse lassen die Wirksamkeit geringer Heparinmengen in der Behandlung der akuten Verbrauchskoagulopathie zweifelhaft erscheinen.
Eine quantitative Bestimmung von Faktor XIII mit Anti-Faktor-XIII-Serum
Authors: Bohn H , Haupt H 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEine neue Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Faktor XIII wird beschrieben. Sie beruht auf der Verwendung von Anti-Faktor-XIII-Serum als Inhibitor in einem Hemmtest. Die Wirkung des Inhibitors ist spezifisch; aus der zur vollständigen Hemmung der Enzymaktivität notwendigen Menge an Antiserum läßt sich auf einfache Weise der Gehalt an Faktor XIII relativ zu einem als Standard gewählten normalen Mischplasma ermitteln.Als Beispiel für die Anwendung wird das Ergebnis einer Untersuchung von 25 normalen Plasmen gesunder Einzelspender mitgeteilt. Die Werte der Faktor-XIII-Aktivität lagen zwischen 50% und 150% des Durchschnittswertes.
Über den Einfluß von Fibrinogenspaltprodukten auf die Entstehung plättchenreicher Abscheidungsthromben
Authors: Poliwoda H , Lill J , Wolf R , Christl H. L 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird über den Einfluß von Fibrinogenspaltprodukten auf die Entstehung von plättchenreichen Abscheidungsthromben berichtet.Die Spaltprodukte wurden durch Inkubation von Fibrinogen mit Plasminogen-Proaktivator-Komplex und Streptokinase gewonnen.Es wird gezeigt, daß die Fibrinogenspaltprodukte das Wachstum der Abscheidungs-thromben signifikant hemmen.
Intravascular Coagulation with Generalized Shwartzman Reaction Induced by Liquoid: Lack of Protection by Extreme Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Evensen S. A , Jeremic M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe role of platelets in the triggering of intravascular coagulation has been studied by comparing the effects of Liquoid in normal and in thrombocytopenic rabbits. Thrombocytopenia was induced by intraperitoneal injections of the alkylating agent Busulphan. The mean platelet count in a group of 16 thrombocytopenic animals was 9,000/mm3 (range 0–25,000/mm3).An intravenous injection of 20 mg Liquoid/1500 g body weight produced in both groups a progressive depletion of fibrinogen and factor V, a transient fall of factor VII, and the generalized Shwartzman reaction. In the thrombocytopenic animals, however, the clotting defects and the kidney lesions were less severe than in the controls.We conclude that the triggering effect of Liquoid is not mediated through release of clot-initiating activity from platelets alone. Platelets – at least in this experimental model – appear to accelerate intravascular coagulation, but not to initiate it.
In Vitro Studies on the Mechanism of the Antifibrino-lytic Action of E-Aminocaproic Acid (EACA)
Authors: Lukasiewicz Hanna , Niewiarowski S 
Published: June 2018

Summary and Conclusion1. It has been found that EACA does not inhibit activation of human plasminogen into plasmin by SK and UK in a concentration of 5 × 10–2 M. The activation of bovine plasminogen by SK and UK is inhibited by this concentration of EACA but not by a lower one.2. EACA in concentrations of 1,5 × 10–1 – 10–4 M does not inhibit casein proteolysis by plasmin. The proteolysis of fibrinogen and fibrin measured by the release of TCA soluble tyrosine is inhibited by EACA in concentrations of 1,5 × 10–1 – 10–2 M.3. The lysis of non-stabilized clots by plasmin measured in a test tube was inhibited by an EACA concentration of 5 × 10–3 – 5 × 10–4 M. The lysis of stabilized clots by plasmin was inhibited by an EACA concentration of 10–5 M.4. On the basis of experimental findings and data given in literature the authors postulate that the mechanism of the antifibrinolytic effects of EACA consists mainly in a modification of plasmin action on fibrin. These effects are dependent on the structure of the fibrin clots.
Turnover Rate of Autologous Plasma Fibrinogen-14C in Subjects with Coronary Thrombosis
Authors: Pilgeram L. O 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe plasma concentration of fibrinogen increases as a statistical function of the occurrence of coronary heart disease. This increase in concentration is associated with a grossly enhanced rate of turnover of the molecule. A mean turnover rate of 0.260 mg/ ml/day of plasma fibrinogen in the young normal subject increases to 0.378 at 53 yrs of age in the normal group and to 0.466 in the same age group with coronary artery disease. The increased rate of turnover signifies an increase in both the rate of biosynthesis and the rate of utilization of the soluble precursor of the clot forming protein, fibrin.An increase in the concentration of plasma fibrinogen and in the rate of turnover also occur as a statistical function of age. Occurrence of occlusive vascular phenomenon in the same age group served to further enhance these changes. The regression data indicate that the metabolic changes are progressive and that the normal subject will eventually display, in association with the development of coronary thrombosis, a metabolic abnormality equivalent to the patient with coronary heart disease.Evidence is discussed which indicates that part or all of the enhanced utilization of fibrinogen may be attributed to an increase in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. The relationship of the enhanced rate of turnover of fibrinogen to atherogenesis and thrombosis is reviewed.
Detection of Soluble Fibrin Monomer Complexes in Blood by Means of Protamine Sulphate Test
Authors: Lipiński B , Worowski K 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn the present paper described is a simple test for detecting soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) in blood. The test consists in mixing 1% protamine sulphate with diluted oxalated plasma or serum and reading the optical density at 6190 Å. In experiments with dog plasma, enriched with soluble fibrin complexes, it was shown that OD read in PS test is proportional to the amount of fibrin recovered from the precipitate. It was found that SFMC level in plasma increases in rabbits infused intravenously with thrombin and decreases after injection of plasmin with streptokinase. In both cases PS precipitable protein in serum is elevated indicating enhanced fibrinolysis. In healthy human subjects the mean value of OD readings in plasma and sera were found to be 0.30 and 0.11, while in patients with coronary thrombosis they are 0.64 and 0.05 respectively. The origin of SFMC in circulation under physiological and pathological conditions is discussed.
Modification of the Fibrin Agar Plate for Measurements of the Components of the Fibrinolytic System
Authors: Wolf P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHuman fibrinogen solutions were heat coagulated in 1 % agar solution at 85° C. The salt and pH of the medium was varied and the conditions found in which plasminogen and plasminogen activator originally present in the fibrinogen were completely heat inactivated. The resultant fibrin agar plates only showed lysis when plasminogen and plasminogen activators were re-introduced simultaneously. A pH 8.5 sequestrene saline buffer proved to be the most sensitive medium for both streptokinase and urokinase activation of human plasminogen. Plasminogen estimations on these Type I plates gave the following results :1. Alteration in some M. R. C. standard plasminogen preparations resulting in a selective loss of response to SK activation in specimens stored in solution at —30° C.2. Irreversible plasminogen inactivation by mixing euglobulin or purified plasminogen with high SK concentrations.3. Normal numerical mean plasma and serum plasminogen levels of 12 casein u/ml confirming earlier results of a lysis time method. The factor leading to underestimation of plasma plasminogen by a caseinolytic estimation were investigated and discussed.
Untersuchungen über den In-vitro-Einfluß der kationischen Polypeptide Protaminsulfat und Trasylol auf Aggregation und Retraktion menschlicher Blutplättchen
Authors: Schneider W , Kübler W , Gross R 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungBasische Polypeptide wie Polylysin, Protaminsulfat, Trasylol oder Lysozym können konzentrationsabhängig die Blutplättchenaggregation auslösen. Die Reaktion läuft im 2,7 mmol EDTA-Plasma ebenso wie in synthetischen Medien ab, ist also offenbar von der Anwesenheit zweiwertiger Kationen oder plasmatischer Kofaktoren weitgehend unabhängig. Eine Temperaturabhängigkeit ließ sich zwischen 4 und 37° C nicht feststellen, trotzdem konnten wir Stoffwechselsteigerungen in den aggregieren-den Plättchen nachweisen, die nach Art und Ausmaß etwa den durch Ca++- oder Mg++-auslösbaren Veränderungen entsprachen. Die Befunde könnten die bei der Heparinneutralisierung nach extrakorporaler Zirkulation in Form von Thrombo-embolien oder verstärkter Blutungsneigung auftretenden Komplikationen erklären.
Effect of Venous Occlusion on Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Components in Normal Subjects
Authors: Nilsson Inga Marie , Robertson B 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe components of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems were studied before and during venous occlusion for 20 min of the arm and of the leg in 30 healthy volunteers. For comparison total serum proteins, α2-macroglobulin and albumin were also determined. The values recorded after venous occlusion were corrected according to the changes in the haematocrit.The fibrinolytic activity induced by venous occlusion was markedly higher (4 to 6 times) in the arms than in the legs. In 2 of the subjects, however, venous occlusion was not followed by any increase of fibrinolysis.After venous occlusion total serum proteins increased by 15% but albumin only by 2%. The P & P, AHF, haemophilia B-factor and fibrinogen increased by 5-20%. The factor V-level remained unchanged. The AHF and factors XI and XII increased by about 20% in the legs but by about 40% in the arms. In other respects the upper and lower limbs showed the same type of coagulation changes.The plasminogen level increased in both arms and legs by 10%. The inhibitors of urokinase activation and the α2M remained unchanged, which means that these inhibitors compared with the increase in total serum proteins had decreased by about 10%.The 2 normals, in whom venous occlusion failed to produce any increase of fibrinolysis, had no signs of Hageman trait and after venous stasis the same coagulation changes occurred as in the individuals who developed high fibrinolytic activity.The findings argue against the Hageman factor playing an essential role in the activation of the fibrinolytic system during venous occlusion and indicate that the increase in fibrinolysis is due to release of activators from the vessel walls.
Hematological Studies during Endotoxin Infusion in Rabbits
Authors: Graeff H , Beller F. K 
Published: June 2018

SummaryEndotoxin was infused over 14 hrs into rabbits at a rate of 30-50 μg/kg/hr. During the infusion of endotoxin the following parameters were observed:a) The leukocytes declined in the early phase of the experiment but increased after 2 hrs despite continuation of the infusion.b) Hemolysis in a range of 130-180 mg% plasma hemoglobin was present in animals at the time glomerular fibrin deposition was observed.c) Platelets declined steadily until the end of the infusion.d) Factor V declined during the infusion and reached levels below 10% of baseline (normal) levels.e) The thrombelastogram revealed an increase in the r value and a decrease in mε.f) Fibrinogeng) plasminogen andh) streptokinase inhibitor decreased initially reaching a plateau after 6 hrs.i) Plasmin inhibitor andj) urokinase inhibitor did not change during the period of observation.k) Fibrin split products were demonstrated in 4 out of 7 serum samples taken 14 hrs following the initiation of the infusion.I) C’activity decreased during infusion of endotoxin.
Acute and Chronic “Defibrination” in Obstetrical Practice
Authors: Verstraete M , Vermylen J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn case thromboplastic material (amniotic fluid, tissue fragments, activated coagulation factors or certain bacterial products) enters the maternal circulation, excessive and diffuse intravascular coagulation often with secondary fibrinolysis will occur in a sufficient degree to decrease the fibrinogen concentration in the blood below the hemostatic level. If this disseminated coagulation is precipitous, blockade of the microcirculation and quick defibrination will result with shock and a definitive bleeding syndrome (amniotic fluid embolism, premature separation of placenta, septic abortion). In subacute and chronic situations (foeto-maternal blood passage in hetero-specific pregnancy, retention of death foetus, hydatiform mole) external bleeding is not necessarily overt and the correct diagnosis often remains undiscovered.The laboratory diagnosis is difficult and more so as the clinical situation requires urgent therapy. The finding of reduced levels of some coagulation factors (factors IV, VIII) a low platelet count and the detection of products of fibrinolysis (fibrin split products) in the serum indicate the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation.Treatment will be different in chronic and acute cases but aims in both to eliminate rapidly the source of thromboplastin release. In acute cases of premature separation of the placenta, fibrinogen under cover of heparin can be administered and shock combated with agents increasing cardiac output and causing peripheral vasodilatation. In septic abortion immediate administration of antibiotics and hysterectomy are probably the best advice.
The Coagulation Abnormalities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Gonyea L , Herdman R , Bridges R. A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAn anticoagulant occurring in 4 of 6 patients with SLE has been demonstrated by a sensitive assay utilizing an ammonium sulfate fraction of serum. The anticoagulant functions as an inhibitor of the activation of prothrombin. No species specificity was demonstrable. The inhibitor behaves clinically and chromatographically as an immunoglobulin, although an attempt to demonstrate directly the antibody nature of the inhibitor was not successful.A severe, apparently independent, decrease in the level of prothrombin was observed in the patient with hemorrhagic symptoms. In contrast to the anticoagulant activity, the low prothrombin has persisted during treatment.
The Effects of Infusing Thrombin and Its Acetylated Derivative
Authors: Bennett J. M , Yu Dinah , Suyemoto J , Pechet L 
Published: June 2018

Summary and ConclusionsIn conjunction with experiments designed to test the effects of infusing acetylated thrombin (Thrombin E) and Clotting thrombin (Thrombin C) into dogs, the occurrence of hemolysis was noted. Serial observations on its magnitude, its relationship to thrombin-induced defibrination, and the formation of thrombi were made. The findings suggest a unique role for thrombin in inducing “in vivo” intravascular hemolysis in short term experiments, possibly via an indirect action on red blood cells.
New Families with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Trait due to Deficiency of Fibrin Stabilizing Factor (F. XIII)
Authors: Egeberg O 
Published: June 2018

SummarySevere hemorrhagic disorder due to congenital factor XIII deficiency is described in two unrelated Norwegian girls.Plasma cephalin time was for both patients extraordinarily short during episodes of bleeding and hematomas. No such hyperactivity reaction was demonstrable in unaffected condition some months later.Estimations of blood factor XIII levels revealed a partial defect in the parents of both children, and also in some other family members, consistent with an autosomal incompletely recessive inheritance of the defect. Some of the presumptive heterozygotes had a history of light bleeding phenomenons; whether this was related to their partial lack of factor XIII is so far uncertain.
Comparison between the Changes in the Plasma Fibrinogen and Plasminogen Levels Induced by a Moderate or High Initial Dose of Streptokinase
Authors: Amery A , Donati M. B , Vermylen J , Verstraete M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPatients with thrombo-embolic diseases received a maintenance infusion of 0.1 × 106 u streptokinase (SK) h for at least 24 h; the infusion was started either with an initial dose of 0.25 × 106 u SK or an initial dose of 1.2 × 106 u SK.Before the infusion no significant differences were found betv/een the groups studied here in regard to the plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen levels.The fibrinogen and plasminogen levels were significantly more depressed immediately after the high initial dose than immediately after the moderate initial dose.However, 24 h later, as a maintenance dose of 0.1 × 108 u SK was given in both groups, the number of patients with a plasma plasminogen level below 5% was not significantly (P more than 0.1) different. The subsequent evolution of the plasminogen level in the patients treated for 72 h was independent of the initial dose used. After 24 h infusion, the fibrinogen level was already raised in the patients receiving a high initial dose, while it was further decreased in the patients with a moderate initial dose. The subsequent evolution of the fibrinogen level, followed in the patients treated for 72 h, showed that at 48 h the fibrinogen level was not significantly higher in the group receiving 1.2 × 108 u SK as initial dose than in the other group. At 72 h the fibrinogen level was nearly identical for both groups.
Die Wirkung der trypsinähnlichen Protease aus Astacus leptodactylus (Crustacea) auf die Blutgerinnung
Authors: Zwilling R , Moizeszowicz-Podzun I , Breddin K 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEine trypsinähnliche Protease aus dem Verdauungstrakt des Krebses Astacus leptodactylus, welche von uns kürzlich gereinigt und charakterisiert wurde, hat auf die Blutgerinnung einen erheblich anderen Effekt als Rindertrypsin. Im Gegensatz zum Säugertrypsin verhindern bereits geringe Mengen der Invertebratenprotease in vitro jede Blutgerinnung. Dieser Effekt wird hauptsächlich durch die rasche proteolytische Zerstörung von Thrombin in physiologischen Medien verursacht. Es wurden ebenfalls die Wirkungen von Krebsprotease und Rindertrypsin auf einzelne Gerinnungsphasen vergleichend untersucht.
Aggregation of Cat Platelets in Vitro
Authors: Tschopp Th. B 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAggregation of cat platelets in the citrated plasma is examined by means of Born’s absorptiometer. A marked tendency of the platelets of this species to spontaneous aggregation necessitated first of all the development of an improved technique of blood collection.A hypothesis according to which 5-HT is released from the platelets, explains the absence of oscillations on the base line of the absorptiometer, the absence of platelet swelling, when ADP is added, and the effect of stirring on the aggregation curves in cat PRP. The average volume of cat platelets amounts to 10.46 μ3 when directly fixed in the blood, when fixed from PRP to 12.17 μ3, when fixed from stirred PRP to 13.51 μ3.In low concentrations (0.3-2 μM) ADP produce reversible aggregation; in narrowly restricted, individually dissimilar mean concentrations irreversible aggregation in two phases and in high concentrations, irreversible aggregation in one phase. Like ADP serotonin produces 2 phase irreversible aggregation in concentrations of 3-10 μM, but unlike ADP, the aggregation velocity decreases again with high 5-HT concentrations (>100 μM). Adrenaline does not produce aggregation and it is likely that adenosine and adenosine monophosphate inhibit the aggregation by serotonin but not by ADP. Species differences in the aggregation of human, rabbit and cat platelets are discussed.
Diagnostik der tiefen Beinund Beckenvenenthrombose durch Phlebographie und Duplex-Sonographie
Authors: Hach-Wunderte Viola , Hach W. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungPhlebographie und Duplex-Sonographie haben in der Diagnostik der tiefen Beinund Beckenvenenthrombose annähernd die gleiche Bedeutung. Nur beim symptomenlosen Patienten ergeben die Ultraschallverfahren weniger verläßliche Resultate, ebenso bei ungünstigen äußeren Voraussetzungen wie Adipositas, schweren Ödemen oder entsprechenden Krankheiten. Die speziellen Informationswerte der beiden Verfahren ergänzen sich in einer optimalen Weise. Wenn es auf den Einsatz von differenzierten Behandlungsmethoden ankommt, empfiehlt sich eine gemeinsame Anwendung im Sinne der Golden Partnership. Die Entwicklung der modernen nichtionischen Kontrastmittel hat das Risiko der Phlebographie auf ein Minimum reduziert, so daß ihr Einsatz unter Anwendung der schmerzfreien Technik in einem breiten Rahmen gerechtfertigt erscheint. Ohne Phlebographie und/oder Sonographie ist eine Thrombosediagnostik nicht mehr möglich.
Hämostasestörungen bei Malignomen
Authors: Bruhn H.D. , Zurborn K.-H. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungMalignome setzen verstärkt gerinnungsaktive Substanzen frei (Tumorzellenthromboplastine), welche bei Tumorpatienten zu einer erhöhten Frequenz thromboembolischer Erkrankungen führen. Chemotherapie und Strahlentherapie erhöhen das Risiko thromboembolischer Komplikationen durch verstärkten Tumorzellzerfall weiterhin. Das durch Tumorzellenthromboplastine vermehrt entstehende Thrombin ist darüber hinaus als Mitogen bei der Tumorzellproliferation bedeutsam. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist zu verstehen, daß in tierexperimentellen und in klinischen Studien versucht wurde, durch eine gerinnungshemmende Behandlung nicht nur die thromboembolischen Komplikationen, sondern auch das Tumorwachstum zu beeinflussen.
Untersuchungen mit einem Plasmin-Präparat unter Verwendung des Kaseinspaltungstestes: Die Aktivität von Plasmin-Novo und seine Hemmbarkeit durch Epsilonaminocapronsäure und Trasylol
Authors: Berghoff A , Glatzel H 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungIm Kaseinspaltungstest wurde die Wirksamkeit von Plasmin-Novo geprüft ; dabei wurde die Aktivität-Zeit-Kurve aufgestellt und die Auswirkung zusätzlicher Zugabe von SK registriert. In Reihenversuchen wurde anhand von Dosis- Wirkungskurven die Inhibitoraktivität der beiden Antiplasmine EACS und Trasylol gegenüber dem Plasminpräparat »Plasmin-Novo« in definiertem Test verglichen: Trasylol erwies sich zahlenmäßig als der bei weitem wirksamere Plasmin-Inhibitor. Im gewählten Testsystem kam es bei gleichzeitiger Anwendung beider Präparate zu einer additiven Wirksamkeit beider Antiplasmine.
Studies on the Pathogenesis of the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction
Authors: Rodríguez-Erdmann F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe rôle of the clotting system in the pathogenesis of the generalized Shwartzman reaction (gSr) has been stressed in recent years. The clotting system is activated ubiquitously and as a result of it, fibrin is deposited intravascularly and a haemorrhagic diathesis develops. Evidence is presented herein, that endotoxin does not activate purified prothrombin, nor does endotoxin influence the convertion of prothrombin when it is activated in the presence of purified platelet-factor 3 (or caephalin) purified Ac-G (factor V) and Ca-ions.The trigger mechanism of the gSr also seems to be in the so-called prephase of clotting mechanism. Data are presented, which show that endotoxin activates the Hageman factor in vitro. The importance of this clotting factor and of platelet-factor 3 is discussed. Also the rôle played by the RES and cardiodynamic and vascular components are taken in consideration in the discussion.