bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Методика выявления и разрешения градостроительных конфликтов и противоречий развития на уровне муниципального района
Authors: Perkova Margarita V. 
Published: December 2018

В исследовании предлагается к развитию конфликтологический подход для достижения целей устойчивого развития, повышения эффективности территориального планирования и управления территорией региональной системы расселения в условиях рыночных отношений. Разработана методика выявления и разрешения градостроительных конфликтов и противоречий развития на уровне муниципального района. Она включает четыре этапа: 1) периодизацию пространственного освоения территории в исторической ретроспективе как результат возникающих и эволюционирующих конфликтов, повлёкших градостроительные противоречия развития на территории; 2) качественную и количественную оценку ресурсного потенциала территории; 3) выявление и классификацию градостроительных конфликтов и противоречий развития территории; 4) применение существующих и разработку новых методов разрешения конфликтов интересов и ценностей с целью моделирования различных вариантов землепользования.
Разработанная методика апробирована на примере муниципальных районов Белгородской области. Изучены особенности административно-территориального деления Белгородского края, которые характеризуют устойчивые во времени территориальные единицы с различными видами народнохозяйственной деятельности. Осуществлена индикативная интегральная оценка ресурсного потенциала территории и топологический анализ муниципальных районов Белгородской области и выявлены исторические, пространственные и функциональные закономерности, а также градостроительные конфликты и противоречия, возникающие в процессе освоения территории в XXI веке. Проведена интегральная оценка ресурсного потенциала территории муниципальных районов Белгородской области и выявлены градостроительные противоречия развития территории в XXI веке. Для разрешения градостроительных конфликтов и противоречий развития на уровне муниципального района предложены усовершенствованные методы: метод разрешения социальноинфраструктурных противоречий развития территории;метод формирования восстановительного рельефа нарушенных территорий; метод формирования природного ядра на основе овражно-балочных ландшафтов, - и апробированы на территориях Белгородского, Шебекинского и Яковлевского муниципальных районах. Разработан и апробирован метод гармонизации интересов и ценностей путём поиска компромисса между участниками градостроительной деятельности для территорий с различной функциональной нагрузкой на примере разработки концепции градостроительного развития межмуниципального природного парка на территории Белгородского и Шебекинского районов[1]

[1] Работа подготовлена в рамках Программы развития опорного университета на базе БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова.
Kondisi Fokus Keong Perantara Schistosomiasis Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis di Empat Desa Daerah Integrasi Program Lintas Sektor, Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Pawakkangi Samarang , Nurwidayati Anis , Sumolang Phetisya Pamela Frederika , Lobo Leonardo Taruk , Gunawan Gunawan , Murni Murni 
Published: December 2018

Schistosomiasis adalah penyakit parasitik bersifat zoonosis dengan inang perantara keong Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis. Penyebaran habitat keong O. h. lindoensis di Sulawesi Tengah ditemukan di tiga wilayah yaitu Dataran Tinggi Napu, Bada, dan Lindu dengan angka infeksi diatas 1%. Pemetaan fokus terakhir dilakukan tahun 2008, sehingga dilakukan pemutakhiran data distribusi daerah fokus primer dan sekunder di empat desa daerah integrasi program lintas sektor, Desa Sedoa, dan Watutau di Dataran Tinggi Napu, Desa Tomehipi Dataran Tinggi Bada, dan Desa Tomado di Dataran Tinggi Lindu. Penelitian dilakukan Bulan Mei-Nopember tahun 2016, dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Survei keong menggunakan metode man/minute, pemeriksaan serkaria cacing Schistosoma japonicum pada keong menggunakan metode crushing. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 91,4% fokus sekunder dan 8,6% fokus primer. Di Desa Sedoa sebanyak 33 fokus, 45% diantaranya positif serkaria dan di Desa Watutau 50% dari dua fokus sekunder ditemukan positif serkaria. Delapan daerah fokus ditemukan di Desa Tomehipi, 13% diantaranya positif serkaria. Sebanyak 15 daerah fokus ditemukan di Desa Tomado, 67% positif serkaria. Distribusi fokus di daerah integrasi program lintas sektor sebagian besar merupakan fokus sekunder dengan jumlah fokus menurun namun area fokus semakin luas. Persentase fokus positif serkaria tertinggi ditemukan di Dataran Tinggi Lindu Desa Tomado.
PERANAN AERASI SEL ELEKTROLISIS DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PORI PADA PROSES ANODIZING LOGAM ALUMINIUM
Authors: Budiyanto Eko , Yuono Lukito Dwi 
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan aerasi sel elektrolisis dalam pembentukan pori pada lapisan proses anodizing logam Aluminium. Selain Beda potensial, Pembentukan lapisan oksida pada permukaan Aluminium juga dipengaruhi oleh jumlah oksigen yang terdapat pada larutan elektrolit. Pengaliran udara (aerasi) pada proses ini diharapkan akan menyuplai sejumlah oksigen pada sel elektrolisis sehingga larutan elektrolit tidak mengalami defisit oksigen. Tujuan lain penambahan aliran udara pada proses ini adalah untuk menciptakan rongga pori pada oksida Aluminium yang dibentuk. Kualitas produk hasil anodizing ditentukan oleh ketebalan pori yang terbentuk serta jarak antar pori. Untuk keperluan yang membutuhkan material bersifat dekoratif, jarak antar pori yang terbentuk haruslah saling berdekatan untuk menghindari pewarnaan yang kurang merata. Material yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Aluminium paduan Mangan dan Silikon (Al-Mg-Si). Ukuran spesimen anodizing Aluminium adalah 60 x 15 x 3 (mm). Tahap preparasi Aluminium dilakukan pembersihan secara fisik dan kimiawi, spesimen dicuci menggunakan alkohol dan aquadest yang selanjutnya dilakukan perendaman pada larutan Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH) selama 2 menit. Proses anodizing Aluminium menggunakan asam sulfat (H2SO4) sebagai elektrolit dengan beda potensial 25 V selama 3 menit dan variasi aerasi 5, 10, dan 15 lpm. Jarak antar sel elektrolisis diatur sejauh 20 cm. Hasil dari proses anodizing , material diuji dan dianalisa karakteristik permukaannya menggunakan uji Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil yang diperoleh adalah debit aerasi pada proses anodizing memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap nilai degradasi material Aluminium. Pada debit aerasi masing-masing 10 lpm, 15 lpm, dan 20 lpm diperoleh nilai degradasi sebesar 0.0009 gr (0.0123 %), 0.0095 gr (0.1319 %), 0.041 gr (0.5621 %). Sedangkan karakteristik permukaan, bentuk, dan jarak antar pori dapat dipresentasikan dalam gambar hasil pengamatan SEM. Kata Kunci : Aluminium, anodizing , aerasi, SEM, pori.
Para articular la gestión del riesgo hídrico en el Gran La Plata
Authors: Karol Jorge Leonardo , San Juan Gustavo 
Published: December 2018

El artículo resume el abordaje metodológico, los objetivos y las secuencias instrumentales desplegadas en el proyecto PIO UNLP/CONICET 27CO2 para aportar a la co-construcción de un sistema de soporte de decisiones (SSD) en vistas a la constitución e instalación de una autoridad de gestión del riesgo hídrico en el tramo Intermedio de la Cuenca Hídrica Vertiente Río de La Plata en la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ese SSD apuntó a articular (i) una fase técnica (un sistema de información de alta precisión) y (ii) una fase institucional (un modelo de gestión de riesgo que compone e involucra progresivamente una red interinstitucional flexible a escala de la cuenca y un nodo articulador). Esta co-construcción (a la que se alude también como co-producción / co-creación / co-diseño) alude a la creación y desarrollo de interfaces válidas entre la producción (los productores) de conocimientos y la formulación (los formuladores) de políticas públicas. Es condición de viabilidad que el sistema a co-construir reconozca, se adapte y dé cuenta de la complejidad regional, técnica, institucional y social que caracteriza a la gestión de la problemática abordada.
Higher Education Accreditation and University Autonomy
Authors: Van Dang Ung , Hien Ta Thi Thu 
Published: December 2018

University autonomy is regarded as the necessary condition to implement advanced university governance practices to improve and enhance the quality of higher education. It should be paid attention to how to grant autonomy to higher education institutions and how these institutions exercise autonomy to ensure the purpose of improving the efficiency and quality of higher education; at the same time, to ensure the fairness and accountability for society. Accreditation is one of the approaches in education management for higher education institutions to ensure their quality, while ensuring accountability for their quality to society. This paper focuses on the relationship between university autonomy and accreditation. First, the study presents practical issues regarding university autonomy, including the literature review of university autonomy across the world and in Vietnam. Second, the paper analyses the relationship of university autonomy with the affirmation of higher education institutions’ academic prestige. Third, the study analyses the accountability of higher education institutions, in which accreditation is implemented by institutions as a means for their accountability. Finally, the paper proposes four groups of recommendations for the state management organisation, accreditation agencies and higher education institutions to effectively implement university autonomy with Vietnamese higher education institutions for accreditation.
Keywords
Higher education institutions, accreditation, university autonomy, accountabilit
References
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[2] Thomas Estermann, Terhi Nokkala & Monika Steinel (2011) University Autonomy in Europe II The Scorecard. European University Association. Belgium.[3] Kelchen R. (2018) Higher Education Accountability Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN: 9781421424736. [4] https://www.wisconsin.edu/accountability/ truy cập ngày 10/12/2018.[5] https://ir.uoregon.edu/overview truy cập ngày 10/12/2018.[6] https://www.foriowa.org/accountability/, https://accountability.universityofcalifornia.edu/2018/, https://uwaterloo.ca/about/accountability, https://www.uvic.ca/home/about/facts-reports/accountability/index.php, http://accountability.tamu.edu/, https://apir.wisc.edu/institution/accountability-reports/.[7] http://cou.on.ca/about/more/university-accountability/, https://www.ucc.ie/en/gdpr/accountability/,
Dental Health and Diet of Two Prehistoric Populations from Chile's Semiarid North
Authors: Rosado Maria Araya 
Published: December 2018

This investigation examines dental health and diet of two prehistoric populations from Chile's semiarid north. Trace element and dental paleopathological analyses have been conducted on skeletal remains of hunter-gatherers of the Archaic period (n=99, ca. 1,800 BC) and agriculturalists of the Diaguita period (n=82, 1,000-1,500 AD). Archaeological and historical evidence indicates that the Diaguita diet primarily incorporated cultivated and wild plants, but also included pastoralism and marine resources. By contrast, the subsistence of Archaic peoples was primarily based on marine resources. Concentration values of the elements strontium and barium (mean log ratio values for Archaic = -0.7985, n=38; for Diaguita = -0.5475, n=53) support the archaeological evidence for subsistence mode, and thus for diet, of both populations. These concentrations fall within the ranges determined for various archaeological New World populations with similar subsistence and dietary patterns. Based on the differences in subsistence and diet, the variations in dental health between the two populations were investigated. The analysis to date has revealed that both populations suffered from infectious (antemortem tooth loss, abscesses, caries, alveolar recession), degenerative (calculus deposition), and developmental (enamel hypoplasia) dental pathologies. The differences in frequencies of some of the infection processes are statistically significant between the two populations (p,0.05), but overall do not seem to demonstrate, as many other studies have (Larsen, 1984; Schmucker, 1985; Murphy, 1993), as sharp decline in dental health from the hunter-gatherer population.
Dental Asymmetry in a Late Archaic and Late Prehistoric Skeletal Sample of the Ohio Valley Area
Authors: Sciulli Paul W. 
Published: December 2018

Dental asymmetry (directional, anti-symmetry, and fluctuating) is analyzed in samples from two prehistoric Native American populations: a terminal Late Archaic population (3200-2700 BP) and a Late Prehistoric population (ca. 750 BP). Both directional and fluctuating asymmetry were found in each sample. Directional asymmetry occurs in only four teeth in the Late Archaic sample and in two teeth in the Late Prehistoric sample. Neither sample exhibits the tendency for opposing arch dominance in directional asymmetry. Fluctuating asymmetry is significantly greater than measurement error for all teeth in each sample. However, contrary to expectations the Late Prehistoric maize agriculturists do not show an overall greater degree of fluctuating asymmetry compared to their forager ancestors. This result coupled with a survey of pathological conditions in these populations suggest that stress levels in Ohio Valley populations, at least that stress which affected dental developmental stability, were not drastically increased with the introduction of maize agriculture. Spearman correlations between relative tooth size variation (coefficient of variation), the magnitude of fluctuating dental asymmetry, and duration of time (per tooth) spent in soft tissue development were obtained for each sample. Coefficients of variation and fluctuating asymmetry are significantly correlated in both samples but fluctuating asymmetry is significantly correlated with duration of soft tissue development only in the Late Prehistoric population.
2011 Dahlberg Award Winner Evaluation of the utility of deciduous molar morphological variation in great ape phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Hardin Anna M. , Legge Scott S. 
Published: December 2018

Non-metric dental traits are well-established tools for anthropologists investigating population affiliation and movement in humans. Nonetheless, similar traits in the great apes have received considerably less attention. The present study provides data on non-metric trait variability in the deciduous molars of great apes from museum context. Twenty-eight traits are observed in the upper and lower deciduous molars in specimens of Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, Gorilla gorilla, and Gorilla beringei. These groups are compared based on trait frequencies and mean measures of divergence. This study demonstrates the variability of non-metric traits in the deciduous molars of chimpanzees and gorillas. These traits could potentially be used in the same way that non-metric traits are in humans, namely group affiliation and population movements through time. Further, this study establishes scoring guidelines and methodology relevant to deciduous dental morphological characteristics found in the great apes, but not necessarily in humans.
The development of the mammalian dentition as a complex adaptive system
Authors: Brook Alan H. , Hughes Toby E. , Townsend Grant C. , Smith Richard N. , Brook O'Donnell Matthew D. 
Published: December 2018

General characteristics of Complex Adaptive Systems include self-adaptation and or-ganisation, emergence, multitasking, robustness, critical phases, diversity and compatibility with such statistical models as Thresholds and Scale Free Networks. The aim was to investigate wheth-er dental development exhibits the general and statistical characteristics of a Complex Adaptive System, by examining data on normal and abnormal dental development. The findings were that self-adaptation and organisation occur while interactions between genes, epigenetic and environmental factors lead to the emergence of cells, tooth germs and mineralised teeth. Multitasking occurs as signalling pathways act simultaneously and reiteratively during initiation and morphogenesis. Tooth germs that do not attain a critical threshold during development may undergo apoptosis. Diversity is evident in tooth number, size, shape and mineralisation. Statistical investigation shows that males have significantly larger teeth and higher prevalences of megadontia and supernumerary teeth (p<0.05), supporting Brook’s Threshold Model which is further developed here to include shape. Image Analysis of tooth dimensions showed they followed a Power Law distribution, with the first 8 of 34 factors in upper lateral inci-sors accounting for 94.4% of the total variation. In conclusion, the development of the dentition shows the general and statistical characteristics of a Complex Adaptive System.
A fool’s mission? A test of three common assumptions in dental metric analyses
Authors: Hemphill Brian E. 
Published: December 2018

Three aspects of metric variation in the permanent dentition of humans are often simply accepted as true. The first is that formation of the permanent dentition occurs within morphogenetic fields broadly associated with tooth type and jaw. The second is that dental development of among females is characterized by a higher degree of ontogenetic buffering relative to males. The third is that expression of sex dimorphism in permanent tooth size is expressed uniformly among well-nourished human populations. This study tests these assumptions through an examination of mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of all non-canine permanent teeth, except third molars, among 2,709 living individuals of 15 ethnic groups from South Asia. With sexes pooled, only one in four contrasts of variance among key versus distal teeth within dental fields are significantly heterogeneous, while one in four contrasts yield higher levels of variance among key teeth relative to their distal counterparts within a dental field. Such results weaken considerably orthodox applications of Butler’s dental field theory. When samples are the unit of analysis, male samples are marked by fewer dental fields with significantly heterogeneous levels of variance between key and distal members, while males and females are affected equally by significantly heterogeneous variation between key and distal members when dental fields are the unit of analysis. Such results suggest males and females are equally buffered against environmental perturbations that affect odontometric variation. One-way ANOVA indicates that a tooth’s position within a dental field ac-counts for 15.5% to 23.1% of the observed varia-tion in tooth size, while two-way ANOVA reveals that when sex is added as a second factor, the percentage of variance in tooth size explained increases from 16.7% to 30.8%, an improvement of 27.2%. Such results indicate sex dimorphism in tooth size varies in both patterning and in magnitude among these samples, thereby explaining why discriminant functions developed for one population often perform more poorly when applied to other populations.
Determining onset of significant facial pathology using dental wear and microwear texture analysis: a case study from the Middle Archaic (~5,500 BP) of Indiana.
Authors: Casserly Anna , Sessen Rebecca Van , Schmidt Christopher 
Published: December 2018

Paleopathologists face complicated presentations of osteological conditions that ac-crued over a considerable period of ill-health. Determining the relative sequence of symptoms and how long the individual lived with them is critical to understanding disease onset and progression in the body and may help to identify a specific disease. This paper describes an atypical presentation of the dentition associated with a 5,000-year-old case of treponemal disease. This circumstance led to a cessation of macrowear, which allowed for an estimation of the age when the jaw began to profoundly deform. This paper also summarizes molar microwear texture analysis (DMTA) that was employed in order to determine if the diet of the victim prior to death was con-sistent with other people from the site.
O brincar e os contextos físicos escolares: uma reflexão sobre a educação infantil no Município de São Paulo
Authors: Santos Fábio Xavier , Martins Ida Carneiro , Gimenez Roberto 
Published: December 2018

Reconhecidamente, o brincar contribui para o desenvolvimento das crianças sob uma série de aspectos, incluindo suas dimensões cognitivas, afetivas e motoras. Em linhas gerais, percebe-se uma crescente valorização das instituições escolares em relação aos elementos lúdicos da aprendizagem. Todavia, nos grandes centros urbanos como é o caso da cidade de São Paulo, os espaços escolares destinados ao brincar foram drasticamente influenciados pela estrutura arquitetônica das escolas. Diante da necessidade de ampliação do número de vagas, as concessões oferecidas à iniciativa privada contribuíram para uma reconfiguração dos espaços escolares, uma vez que escolas de pequeno porte, grande parte das vezes, adaptadas a partir de casas térreos ou sobrados passaram a compor o quadro das instituições. O presente artigo teve por objetivo discutir esta problemática, com especial atenção aos possíveis desdobramentos que ela apresenta sobre o desenvolvimento infantil. Nele são apresentados diversos olhares, sejam eles da antropologia, educação, medicina, arquitetura entre outros, sobre a importância do brincar. Também foi agregado ao estudo o amparo legal associado às dimensões do brincar no contexto escolar. Finalmente, são apresentadas implicações para a atuação do poder público e para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre o referido tema.
Зовнішня трудова міграція в Україні на початку ХХІ століття: соціологічний вимір соціальних перспектив
Authors: Yemelianova Yuliia , Kundik Iryna 
Published: December 2018

Мета статті – стислий аналіз феномену української зовнішньої трудової міграції з позиції соціології, де він розглядається як складова частина соціальної системи суспільства. З’ясовано роль та значення зовнішньої трудової міграції у внутрішньому системному процесі. Наведено думку науковців і практиків щодо чинників, змісту та перспектив існування зовнішньої трудової міграції в Україні. Результатом дослідження стає авторське розуміння деяких рис можливого стану українського суспільства, яке перебуває в динамічному русі, що розпочався після подій 2014 р.
Зроблено висновок, що збереження високих темпів міграції впродовж ще кількох років треба розглядати як головний чинник трансформації соціальної системи в Україні. Її наслідком має бути, насамперед, спрощення елементної бази соціальної системи, зменшення позитивної активності її суб’єктів, активізація процесу «некерованого хаосу» й, нарешті, слабкість системи перед натиском зовнішніх сил.