bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Perilaku dan Motivasi Cuci Vagina pada Wanita Usia Subur dengan Servisitis di Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan
Authors: Purnama Dewi Komang Ayu , Nurtini Ni Made , Yulia Raswati Teja Ni Made Ayu 
Published: September 2019

Pendahuluan: Servisitis merupakan kasus yang paling sering dijumpai di Bali dan Denpasar khususnya di Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan. Salah satu etiologi non infeksi penyebab dari servisitis adalah perilaku cuci vagina. Cuci vagina adalah proses pembilasan atau pembersihan vagina dengan memaksa air atau cairan lain masuk ke dalam rongga vagina untuk membersihkan atau membilas keputihan dan lainnya. Peneliti tertarik mengetahui tentang gambaran dan motivasi perilaku cuci vagina pada WUS dengan servisitis di Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan.
Metodologi: sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah WUS dengan servisitis yang berkunjung ke Puslesmas II Denpasar Selatan selama bulan Januari – Pebruari 2018, yaitu sebanyak 44 orang.
Hasil: Sebagian besar WUS dengan servisitis melakukan cuci vagina dengan menggunakan air saja yaitu 26 orang (59.09%), melakukan cuci vagina pada saat buang air kecil yaitu sebanyak 25 orang (56.82%), melakukan cuci vagina di rumah/tempat tinggal yaitu 38 orang (86.36%) dan melakukan cuci vagina sendiri yaitu 36 orang (81.82%). Sebagian besar motivasi perilaku cuci vagina pada WUS dengan servisitis karena merasa kotor yaittu sebanyak 23 orang (52.27%).
Diskusi: Masih ada WUS yang melakukan cuci vagina dengan air sirih, sabun mandi dan sabun khusus untuk cuci vagina. Penggunaan cairan selain air untuk cuci vagina ini mengakibatkan terjadinya kerusakan flora normal pada vagina sehingga mempermudah bakteri yang tidak menguntungkan untuk masuk dan menyebabkan infeksi pada vagina, servisitis atau penyakit kelamin lainnya.
Pengaruh Kopi sebagai Media Oral Hygiene pada Pasien Kanker Kepala Leher terhadap Derajat Mukositis
Authors: Susanti Brigitta Ayu Dwi , Sujianto Untung , Dyan Kusumaningrum Niken Safitri 
Published: September 2019

Pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi maupun radioterapi dapat mengalami masalah pada rongga mulut yaitu terjadinya mukositis. Mukositis menyebabkan ketidaknyaman pada mulut, ketidakmampuan untuk mentoleransi makanan atau cairan (disfagia) sampai akhirnya mengalami penurunan status gizi, mukositis juga dapat menimbulkan dampak pada fisik, psikologis, dan ekonomi. Oral hygiene saat menjalani kemoterapi maupun radiasi merupakan perawatan yang teraman dan termurah dalam menanggulangi mukositis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan derajat mukositis dengan oral hygiene menggunakan larutan kopi. Desain dalam penelitian ini menggunakan quasi experiment dengan rancangan penelitian pretest- posttest with control group design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah pasien yang menjalani terapi radiasi di poli Radioterapi RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang. Penilaian derajat mukositis dinilai dari instrumen WHO. Data dianalisis dengan uji paired t test dan independence t-test untuk melihat pengaruh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata derajat mukositis sebelum diterapkan oral hygiene menggunakan kopi adalah 3 di kelompok intervensi dan 3 pada kelompok kontrol, setelah diterapkan oral hygiene dengan kopi nilai rata-rata mukositis menjadi 2 pada kelompok intervensi dan pada kelompok kontrol mempunyai nilai rata-rata untuk mukositis tetap berada pada derajat 3. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada derajat mukositis pasien kanker kepala leher yang menjalani radioterapi sebelum dan sesudah penerapan oral hygiene dengan kopi pada kelompok intervensi p<0.05 dan terdapat pengaruh oral hygiene dengan kopi terhadap derajat mukositis p<0.05.
ANALISIS PERANCANGAN BUSUR PANAH POLYVYNIL CHLORIDE TIPE RECURVE DI ISI BAMBU DAN RESIN EPOKSI
Authors: Dzulfikar Muhammad , Nahar Nahar 
Published: September 2019

Dalam bidang olahraga tertentu material tradisional tetap bertahan dan hanya sedikit mengalami perubahan material. Topik-topik yang dibahas mencakup teknik percetakan-polimer yang revolusioner. Busur panah mengalami berbagai macam perkembangan. Maka perancangan yang akan diteliti sedikit berbeda dengan menggunakan PVC sebagai bahan material utamanya sedangkan resin dan bambu sebagai pelengkap. Adapun perancangan tersebut, dengan memipihkan PVC. Kemudian dilakukan tiller atau bending dan menimbang busur panah untuk mengetahui bow weight, draw weight dan draw length pada busur panah pada yang memenuhi standard panahan. Nilainya bow weightnya 24,44 lbs, 34,16 lbs, 29,11 lbs, 19,59 lbs . Sementara nilai draw length sepanjang 25,6 inchi, 26,2 inchi , 26,8 inchi, 26,6 inchi. Nilai draw weightnya 26,89 lbs, 32,02 lbs, 37,57 lbs, 21,54 lbs. Kata kunci: bow, busur panah, pvc, resin, bambu.
The study of the brittle fracture resistance in fusion areas between RPV steel 15H2NMFA grade 1 and austenitic padding
Authors: Orlov Viktor V. , Anosov Nikolay P. , Skorobogatykh Vladimir N. , Gordyuk Lyubov Yu. , Yurgina Zhanna V. , Koshcheev Konstantin N. , Barsanova Svetlana V. , Shamardin Valentin K. 
Published: September 2019

Brittle fracture resistance of RPV 15H2NMFA grade 1 steel is investigated. Sets of small-sized testing samples and a set of standard-sizes samples were used in the study. It was demonstrated that application of sets of small-sized specimens in mechanical tests for determining the brittle fracture resistance of RPV 15H2NMFA grade 1 steel makes possible the following:
increasing the volume of tests in each batch by 8 times without significant changes in the design of irradiation facility thus ensuring maintaining the initial irradiation parameters during testing;
substantially expanding the database of test results for statistical processing.
The need for large-scale modeling of process conditions arising in weld joint zones inaccessible for direct testing, such as: (1) the welding zone between the base metal and the corrosion-resistant coating metal, (2) the welding area between the weld metal and the corrosion-resistant coating metal, and (3) the fusion area between the base metal, the weld metal, and the anticorrosive cladding metal, is demonstrated in the paper.
Process modeling of the metal in fusion areas up to 0.5 mm wide (each is 100 μm in size) with an experimental electroslag refined (ESR) ingot of up to 300 mm long with similar microstructure and variable chemical composition allows the following: (1) examining not less than 1000 small-sized impact testing samples with continuous distribution of concentrations of chemical elements in accordance with a certain law; and (2) testing these samples and identifying brittle fracture dangerous zones across fusion areas between the base metal and the anti-corrosive padding metal in the initial state or after subsequent irradiation at a given fluence rate and temperature.
Critical notes: history, state, problems and prospects of nuclear science and technology
Authors: Murogov Viktor M. 
Published: September 2019

This paper does not contain new computational and experimental scientific results. It attempts to analyze, based on a simplified phenomenological approach, the methodology of the evolution histories of nuclear science and technology, as well as the contradictions and issues which, if not resolved, make senseless any discussions of scenarios for the full-scale evolution of nuclear power.
The paper analyzes in brief the evolution history of nuclear technologies in the USA and in the USSR. It also considers the present-day state of nuclear power. Two international projects, INPRO and GIF IV, were initiated in 2000. The INPRO objective is to define the evolution strategy for and the requirements to the nuclear power of tomorrow. The GIF IV project aiming to develop Generation IV reactors for future NPPs focuses on building innovative reactors capable to cope with the challenges involved in further evolution of nuclear power.
The following issues were considered as the result of the system analysis
– further evolution of nuclear power worldwide;
– nuclear non-proliferation;
– NPP safety;
– nuclear waste;
– climate and oxygen burning in the NPP operation;
– education and training of younger generations of nuclear workers.
A critical analysis into the history, status and future evolution of nuclear technologies at the present-day stage shows that the nuclear energy market has monopolized the design, development and construction of practically only one type of nuclear reactors for NPPs (95% of the NPPs under construction have water-cooled water-moderated reactors) which explains the fact that single-skilled personnel are largely trained for the construction and operation of this plant type.
Achieving the full-scale evolution level of nuclear power capable to cope with the socio-economic and ecological issues faced by humankind requires a basically new evolution concept for all fields of nuclear industry.
Phylogeny of Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) based on molecular and morphological analyses
Authors: Uy Christine Jewel C. , Kang Ji Hyoun , Morse John C. , Bae Yeon Jae 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships among the members of Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) have long been debated and often revised. Our study based on a large subunit (28S) nuclear ribosomal DNA (D2 expansion fragment; 464 base pairs) of gene sequences found all genera to be monophyletic except for the genusPolymorphanisusWalker, which produced two clades in accordance with its species groups established using morphological characters. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (658 base pairs) found the same monophyletic relationships, however, except for the generaPolymorphanisusandMacrostemumKolenati. The placement of the genusLeptonemaGuérin-Méneville as the basal clade in the subfamily was also ruled out, which is consistent with previous morphological findings. The monophyly of two previously recognised tribes (Macronematini and Polymorphanisini) was not supported. We also found that the generaCentromacronemaUlmer,BaliomorphaNeboiss, andMacronemaPictet are most closely related, having three head setal warts on the vertex of the head and unsegmented inferior appendages of male genitalia as their synapomorphies. Our study supported the hypothesis of close relationship of the generaAmphipsycheMcLachlan andProtomacronemaUlmer with the morphological synapomorphies: absence of a forewing discoidal cell and the presence of elevated head carinae on the larvae. Some notable evolutionary novelties in the structure of adults in various lineages of this subfamily include reduction of maxillae and labium, reduction and loss of a discoidal cell and evolution of ac-sccrossvein in each forewing, fusion of segments in each male inferior appendage, and evolution of dark colour patterns in the forewings. Also, the head setal warts, which are unique organs in Trichoptera, evolved towards a decreasing number in the subfamily. This first molecular phylogenetic study, covering most genera in Macronematinae and including an interpretation of 12 key evolutionary novelties, provides an important basis for resolving long-standing questions regarding phylogenetic relationships and classification of genera and species and helps lay a stronger foundation for inference of testable hypotheses about functional traits for species of this common and widespread subfamily.
Epidemiology of Injuries Sustained by Elite Under-18 Rugby Players
Authors: Solis-Mencia Cristian , Ramos-Álvarez Juan José , Murias-Lozano Roberto , Aramberri Mikel , Saló José Carlos 
Published: September 2019

Context
The physical nature of rugby is responsible for the high incidence of injuries, but no researchers have examined the epidemiology of injuries sustained by elite under-18 rugby players.

Objective
To investigate the incidence of injuries sustained by players on the Spanish national under-18 rugby team during their participation in 4 European championships (2014–2017) and the types of play in which they occurred.

Design
Cohort study.

Setting
European rugby championships.

Patients or Other Participants
Ninety-eight under-18 rugby players.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
All injuries sustained during the championship periods were recorded per the World Rugby protocol.

Results
A total of 40 injuries were logged over the 4 championships. The incidence of injury was higher during matches than during training (P &lt; .05), with 138.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 136.5, 139.6) injuries per 1000 hours of play compared with 1.2 (95% CI = 1.2, 1.3) per 1000 hours of training. With only 2 days of rest between games, the injury rate was higher than with 3 days of rest (P &lt; .05). More injuries were sustained during the third quarter of the game: 13 (44.8%) versus 6 (20.6%) in the last quarter, 5 (17.3%) in the second quarter, and 5 (17.3%) in the first quarter.

Conclusions
The most common injuries during matches were sprains and concussions, and these injuries were more likely to occur during matches than during training. Most injuries were caused by tackles and occurred during the third quarter of the game. These findings indicate that teams should focus on teaching players skills to reduce injuries caused by tackles and warming up properly before returning to the field after halftime. The injury rate was higher with only 2 versus 3 days' rest between games. These results suggest that young players' matches should be at least 72 hours apart.
A genetic comparison of human and wildlife isolates of Echinococcus granulosus in Queensland: public health implications
Authors: Hope Michelle , Bowles Josephine , McManus Donald P , Prociv Paul 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that the hydatid parasite infecting macropods and dingoes in Queensland is a sylvatic strain of Echinococcus granulosus, distinct from the domestic strain which produces cysts in sheep and humans.DesignMolecular biological techniques were used to compare DNA isolated from hydatid cysts from humans, local macropods and sheep from New South Wales and the United Kingdom, as well as from adult tapeworms in dingoes.SettingThe human cysts were surgically resected from two patients seen with hydati‐ dosis in Brisbane teaching hospitals over a one‐year period. Neither patient had had previous contact with sheep farms. Macropods and dingoes were shot randomly in the localities where the patients presumably acquired their infections. Sheep liver cysts were obtained from abattoirs.MethodologyStudies comprised extraction of DNA from cysts, digestion by a series of restriction endonucleases, slab gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting and then hybridisation with defined DNA probes. Polymerase chain reaction, in combination with direct DNA sequencing, was used to compare DNA from cysts and adult worms from dingoes.ResultsThe restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of DNA from all cysts and a defined mitochondrial DNA sequence from all sources were indistinguishable. This finding is significant as both techniques can clearly distinguish between genetically distinct, well characterised strains of E. granulosus.ConclusionsHydatid cysts are prevalent in some macropod populations and adult worms are common in dingoes. Since there are relatively few sheep‐rearing areas in Queensland, contact with wild animals may be the main source of human hydatid infection in this State. The strain of E. granulosus in both patients was genetically indistinguishable from that found in macropods, dingoes and sheep from New South Wales and the United Kingdom. This strongly suggests that the domestic strain of E. granulosus, or a form very close genetically, freely infects Australian wildlife, and argues against the existence of a distinct sylvatic strain. The implications for public health are considerable.
Vancomycin and teicoplanin: something old, something new
Authors: Phillips Gabrielle , Golledge Clayton L 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo compare and contrast the pharmacology, activity and clinical efficacy of two glycopeptide antibiotics, vancomycin and teicoplanin.Data sourcesEnglish language literature search using MEDLINE, Index Medicus, relevant textbooks and product information literature.Study selectionOver 200 publications were examined extending back to the period of initial Phase I trials with vancomycin.Data extraction and synthesisMany publications covered similar ground and came to the same conclusions. In these instances one or two of the best pieces were chosen as cited reference material. Conflicting results and conclusions are discussed and an attempt is made to interpret the findings.ConclusionVancomycin and teicoplanin show differences in activity both in vitro and in vivo. Vancomycin is superior against coagulase‐negative staphylococci and reliable dosage regimens are available. Teicoplanin, however, needs to be given in significantly larger doses than initially thought necessary to maximise clinical efficacy. Teicoplanin has a lower incidence of side effects but in clinical practice this advantage is small. Vancomycin remains the glycopeptide of choice for the treatment of infections due to Gram‐positive bacteria.
Prevalence of intellectual handicap in Western Australia: a community study
Authors: Wellesley Diana G , Hockey K Athel , Montgomery Philip D , Stanley Fiona J 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo produce comprehensive community based data on individuals with intellectual handicap, thé level of retardation, associated handicaps and demographic data.DesignMultiple sources of ascertainment were used to identify all children in birth cohorts, 1967‐1976 inclusive, who had an IQ less than 70.SettingThe majority of cases were ascertained through Western Australian government agencies that provide services for the intellectually handicapped. Other sources included thé support branch of the education department, private schools and the children's hospital.PatientsIn all, 1602 children, aged between 6 arid 16 years, fitted the study criteria.ResultsThe prevalence of intellectual handicap was found to be 8.9 per 1000 live male births and 6.3 per 1000 live female births with an overall rate of 7.6. The figures for mild, moderate, severe and profound retardation were 3.0, 2.4, 1.0 and 0.6 per 1000, respectively, with 0.8 per 1000 with an unknown IQ. Cerebral palsy occurred in 20% and epilepsy in 13% in addition to intellectual handicap. There was a significantly higher rate among those from rural compared with urban areas: 9.9 v. 6.5 per 1000 live births, respectively.ConclusionsThis comprehensive epidemiological data on intellectual handicap in Western Australia will be of value in the planning Of services, including screening and genetic counselling, and for the evaluation of care. The rural preponderance, in particular, is worthy of further evaluation.
Determinan Kejadian Kejang Demam pada Balita di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Budhi Mulia Pekanbaru
Authors: Rasyid Zulmeliza , Astuti Dian Kusuma , Purba Christine Vita Gloria 
Published: September 2019

Kejang demam adalah bangkitan kejang yang dapat terjadi pada anak berumur 6 bulan sampai 5 tahun yang mengalami kenaikan suhu tubuh (suhu diatas 380C) yang tidak disebabkan oleh proses intracranial. Di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Budhi Mulia angka kejadian kejang demam pada balita tahun 2017 berjumlah 98 kasus dengan proporsi kasus yaitu 34,03%. Tujuan penelitianini untuk menggambarkan dan mengetahui determinan kejadian kejang demam pada balita di RSIA Budhi Mulia Pekanbaru tahun 2015-2017.Desain Penelitian adalah case control. Populasi sebanyak 1.119 orang dengan besar sampel sebanyak 144 dengan perbandingan 1:1 dimana 72 untuk kasus dan 72 untuk kontrol. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara quota sampling dengan metode penelusuran dokumen.Alat penelitiankuesioner.Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder.Pengolahan data dengan aplikasi SPSS.Analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kadar hemoglobin (p value= 0,000 dan OR=9,23; CI: 4,30-19,79), kadar leukosit (p value= 0,000 dan OR=9,71; CI: 4,53-20,79), usia (p value= 0,012 dan OR=2,95; CI:1,32-6,59), dan suhu tubuh (p value=0,000 dan OR=7,80; CI:3,71-16,38). DiharapkanRumah SakitIbu dan Anak Budhi Mulia berkoordinasi dengan tim promosi dalam penatalaksanaan kasus kejang demam pada balita sehingga angka kematian pada balita dapat diminimalisir.
The effects of growth rate and biomechanical loading on bone laminarity within the emu skeleton
Authors: Kuehn Amanda L. , Lee Andrew H. , Main Russell P. , Simons Erin L.R. 
Published: September 2019

The orientation of vascular canals in primary bone may reflect differences in growth rate and/or adaptation to biomechanical loads. Previous studies link specific canal orientations to bone growth rates, but results between different taxa are contradictory. Circumferential vascular canals (forming laminar bone) have been hypothesized to reflect either (or both) rapid growth rate or locomotion-induced torsional loading. Previous work on the hindlimb biomechanics in the emu shows that the femur and tibiotarsus experience large shear strains, likely resulting from torsional loads that increase through ontogeny. Here, we test how growth rate and biomechanical loading affect bone laminarity in wing and hindlimb elements from growing emu (2–60 wks). If laminar bone is an adaptation to torsion-induced shear strains, it should increase from juveniles to adults. Alternatively, if bone laminarity reflects rapid growth, as has been shown previously in emu, it should be abundant in fast-growing juveniles and decrease with age. Transverse mid-shaft histological sections from the limb bones (femur, tibiotarsus, humerus, ulna, and radius) were prepared and imaged. Growth rates were measured using fluorescent bone labels. Vascular canal orientation was quantified using laminarity index (proportion of circumferential canals). Principal components analysis was performed to convert highly correlated variables (i.e., mass, age, growth rate, and shear strain) into principal components. Random-intercept beta regression modeling determined which principal components best explained laminarity. The fastest growth rates were found in young individuals for all five skeletal elements. Maximum growth rate did not coincide with peak laminarity. Instead, in the femur and tibiotarsus, elevated laminarity is strongly correlated with adult features such as large size, old age, and modest growth rate. This result is contrary to predictions made based on a previous study of emu but is consistent with results observed in some other avian species (penguin, chicken). Shear strain in the caudal octant of the femur and tibiotarsus is positively correlated with laminarity but has a weaker effect on laminarity relative to mass, age, and growth rate. Laminarity in the wing elements is variable and does not correlate with ontogenetic factors (including mass, age, and growth rate). Its presence may relate to relaxed developmental canalization or a retained ancestral feature. In conclusion, ontogeny (including growth rate) is the dominant influence on vascular canal orientation at least in the hindlimb of the emu.