bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for play as work inThe Expense Account
Authors: Schrock Lauren 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how and why finance is represented in cultural products. Focussing on an illustration by Norman Rockwell for the cover ofThe Saturday Evening Post, this analysis suggests that financialization is represented through the technique of visually incongruent humour. Humour relays the cultural value of the separation of work and play, and financialization is a tool to make sense of play as work. Addressing why certain financial representations are produced highlights the influence of finance in determining how and what messages about financialization are made public. This analysis of a single illustration suggests a need for further research into comparative and contextual studies of culture and finance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a qualitative analysis ofThe Expense Account(1957), a cover illustration forThe Saturday Evening Post.FindingsIn analysing the visually incongruent humour of the illustration, the cultural value of the separation of work and play is muddied by the lack of supervision and undefined organizational space. Freedom of travel and lack of managerial presence suggest that travelling salesmen face anxiety and uncertainty in having to account for their fun activities as work. Accounting is one tool of financialization used to interpret play as work by employees. This illustration was produced in a for-profit context and was therefore influenced by the financial decisions of magazine editors and customers.Practical implicationsInterdisciplinary qualitative analysis of finance and humorous popular cultural images suggests that accounting is a financial tool for making sense of play as work outside fixed organizational spaces. Additional support is given for studying popular culture and finance together, as popular culture is produced within a financial system in which financial decisions determine humorous representations of financialization.Originality/valueThis paper adopts a financial perspective in examining a Norman Rockwell illustration and makes the case for examining how representations of financialization are made by humour and financial influence.
Disentangling synergistic disease dynamics: Implications for the viral biocontrol of rabbits
Authors: Wells Konstans , Fordham Damien A. , Brook Barry W. , Cassey Phillip , Cox Tarnya , O'Hara Robert B. , Schwensow Nina I. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) have been exposed to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and myxoma virus (MYXV) in their native and invasive ranges for decades. Yet, the long‐term effects of these viruses on rabbit population dynamics remain poorly understood.

In this context, we analysed 17 years of detailed capture–mark–recapture data (2000–2016) from Turretfield, South Australia, using a probabilistic state‐space hierarchical modelling framework to estimate rabbit survival and epidemiological dynamics.

While RHDV infection and disease‐induced death were most prominent during annual epidemics in winter and spring, we found evidence for continuous infection of susceptible individuals with RHDV throughout the year. RHDV‐susceptible rabbits had, on average, 25% lower monthly survival rates compared to immune individuals, while the average monthly force of infection in winter and spring was ~38%. These combined to result in an average infection‐induced mortality rate of 69% in winter and spring.

Individuals susceptible to MYXV and immune to RHDV had similar survival probabilities to those having survived infections from both viruses, whereas individuals susceptible to both RHDV and MYXV had higher survival probabilities than those susceptible to RHDV and immune to MYXV. This suggests that MYXV may reduce the future survival rates of individuals that endure initial MYXV infection.

There was no evidence for long‐term changes in disease‐induced mortality and infection rates for either RHDV or MYXV.

We conclude that continuous, year‐round virus perpetuation (and perhaps heterogeneity in modes of transmission and infectious doses during and after epidemics) acts to reduce the efficiency of RHDV and MYXV as biocontrol agents of rabbits in their invasive range. However, if virulence can be maintained as relatively constant through time, RHDV and MYXV will likely continue realizing strong benefits as biocontrol agents.
Responsiveness of plants to mycorrhiza regulates coexistence
Authors: Veresoglou Stavros D. , Rillig Matthias C. , Johnson David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Association of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may act as either an equalizing or a stabilizing mechanism of coexistence, but the effect of the symbiosis likely depends on the responsiveness to fungi of plant species within a community, rather than simply as a binary metric based on presence or absence of AM fungi. Here, we test the hypothesis that communities consisting of plants that are unresponsive to mycorrhiza, or that differ widely in their response to mycorrhiza, would exhibit larger differences in their niche and fitness resulting to weaker plant–plant competition.

We took two complementary approaches to test our hypotheses: first, we reanalysed data from the classic “BIODEPTH” grassland biodiversity manipulation experiment to assess niche and relative fitness differences of plant communities solely comprising species considered to be either obligate or facultative symbiotrophs. Second, we assembled replicate synthetic plant communities comprising all 70 possible four‐species mixtures from a pool of eight species in the presence of an AM fungus to assess pairwise competition coefficients and infer coexistence potential. The species were characteristic of pastures, had an identical CSR survival strategy, and in nature differ in their extent of colonization by AM fungi. We separately established monocultures to estimate competition coefficients and assess plant responsiveness to mycorrhiza.

Analysis of data from BIODEPTH showed that plant communities comprising solely species with obligate associations with AM fungi had greater niche and fitness differences compared with communities comprising species without obligate associations with AM fungi. In the manipulation experiment, we found that plants that depended on AM fungi competed more strongly than plants with little dependence on AM fungi. The weakest competition was between AM‐responsive and AM‐unresponsive plant species. Coexistence was more likely in pairwise combinations in which at least one of the plant species responded negatively to mycorrhiza.

Synthesis. We directly quantified variation in niche and fitness differences between plant species due to interaction with AM fungi. Integrating this knowledge into explicit competition models in plant community ecology could greatly enhance our ability to predict coexistence in nature.
Rodent seed predators and a dominant grass competitor affect coexistence of co‐occurring forb species that vary in seed size
Authors: Maron John L. , Hajek Karyn L. , Hahn Philip G. , Pearson Dean E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Propagule size and number often vary by several orders of magnitude among co‐occurring plant species. Explaining the maintenance of this variation and understanding how propagule size contributes to coexistence remain a central challenge for community ecologists. The dominant paradigm is that a competition–colonization trade‐off maintains interspecific variation in seed size, but empirical support is limited and other coexistence mechanisms, such as size‐dependent seed predation, have not been examined.

We examined how seed size, fecundity, and other functional traits of 18 co‐occurring perennial forbs trade‐off with both vulnerability to rodent seed predation and competitive response to a community‐dominant perennial bunchgrass. We added seeds of these species to 1 m2 plots at 10 sites where we factorially manipulated rodent seed predation and competition from the community dominant, Festuca campestris. For a given plot, seeds of each species were added at densities that reflected the fecundity (i.e., per capita seed production) for each species. Moreover, we varied total seed density among plots by adding seeds at one of five relative densities (0, 0.25. 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 times each species’ fecundity) to examine how fecundity affected overall recruitment for each species.

There was a trade‐off between seed size and fecundity, as expected, but larger seed size was also associated with greater plant height, lower C/N ratios, and lower water use efficiency, suggesting that seed size represented a “resource acquisitive” trait syndrome (as quantified by trait principal component scores).

In the field experiment, the suppressive effects of seed predation on seed recruitment rate increased with increasing seed size. In contrast, smaller seeded species with less resource‐acquisitive traits were more negatively affected by competition from F. campestris than were species with more resource acquisitive traits.

Synthesis. While the competition–colonization trade‐off has been the predominant mechanism thought to maintain coexistence among species that vary in fecundity and seed size, our work suggests that susceptibility to rodent seed predation and competitive response to community dominants represent alternative mechanisms that can differentially influence plant recruitment of species based on their seed size and associated traits.
Reproductive traits as predictors of assembly chronosequence patterns in epiphyllous bryophyte metacommunities
Authors: Sierra Adriel M. , Toledo José Julio , Salazar Allen Noris , Zartman Charles E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Understanding the mechanisms underlying species assembly is a central focus of plant ecology and is crucial to revealing how plant communities are structured. However, the temporal limitations of most terrestrial plant communities preclude collection of species assembly data in a tractable time‐frame.

The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of dispersal potential, as estimated by interspecific variation in sexual and asexual expression, as a predictor of patch chronosequence assembly for epiphyllous (leaf‐inhabiting) bryophytes. Secondarily, we investigate whether spatiotemporal patterns in patch turnover and compositional variation infer evidence of local (within‐patch) population processes. The frequency and distribution of 55 epiphyllous bryophytes across five leaf age classes were studied on an understorey shrub Piper grande (Piperaceae) in premontane Panamanian tropical forest. Logistical models were used to test whether interspecific variation in dispersal‐related life‐history traits predicts assembly order. Beta diversity and ordination analyses were employed to examine nestedness vs. turnover, and probe for repeatable patterns in patch chronosequence assembly, respectively.

Our results emphasize the importance of dispersal potential on species assembly patterns as earlier arrivals exhibit greater probabilities of sexual and specialized asexual expression. High turnover coupled with temporal convergence in species composition also points to evidence of within‐patch biotic filtering.

Synthesis. Epiphylls are locally diverse in humid tropical forests worldwide; however, the mechanisms which maintain their high local diversity are unknown. This study suggests that interspecific variation in dispersal capacity in combination with diffuse indirect effects is the principal contributor to the high alpha‐diversity of these ephemeral metacommunities.
A molecular signature for delayed graft function
Authors: McGuinness Dagmara , Mohammed Suhaib , Monaghan Laura , Wilson Paul A. , Kingsmore David B. , Shapter Oliver , Stevenson Karen S. , Coley Shana M. , Devey Luke , Kirkpatrick Robert B. , Shiels Paul G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChronic kidney disease and associated comorbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases) manifest with an accelerated ageing phenotype, leading ultimately to organ failure and renal replacement therapy. This process can be modulated by epigenetic and environmental factors which promote loss of physiological function and resilience to stress earlier, linking biological age with adverse outcomes post‐transplantation including delayed graft function (DGF). The molecular features underpinning this have yet to be fully elucidated. We have determined a molecular signature for loss of resilience and impaired physiological function, via a synchronous genome, transcriptome and proteome snapshot, using human renal allografts as a source of healthy tissue as an in vivo model of ageing in humans. This comprises 42 specific transcripts, related through IFNγ signalling, which in allografts displaying clinically impaired physiological function (DGF) exhibited a greater magnitude of change in transcriptional amplitude and elevated expression of noncoding RNAs and pseudogenes, consistent with increased allostatic load. This was accompanied by increased DNA methylation within the promoter and intragenic regions of the DGF panel in preperfusion allografts with immediate graft function. Pathway analysis indicated that an inability to sufficiently resolve inflammatory responses was enabled by decreased resilience to stress and resulted in impaired physiological function in biologically older allografts. Cross‐comparison with publically available data sets for renal pathologies identified significant transcriptional commonality for over 20 DGF transcripts. Our data are clinically relevant and important, as they provide a clear molecular signature for the burden of “wear and tear” within the kidney and thus age‐related physiological capability and resilience.
Anatomic and magnetic resonance imaging features of the salivary glands in the dog
Authors: Gil Francisco , Arencibia Alberto , García Verónica , Ramírez Gregorio , Vázquez José María 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe the anatomical location and the topographic relationship of the major salivary glands to associated tissues in six dog cadavers by high‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gross anatomical dissections and sections. Spin‐echo T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained in transverse, sagittal, and dorsal planes with a 1.5 T magnet. The digastric muscle, the external auditory canal, the eyeball, and the medial pterygoid muscle were the most consistent topographic landmarks for the identification of the mandibular, parotid, and zygomatic salivary glands, respectively. The best differentiation and contrast of the glands was observed in the T2‐weighted images. In contrast with the osseous and muscular tissues, the salivary glands appeared hyperintense in greater or lesser measure except for the parotid gland, which displayed a hypointense signal. The rostral part of the monostomatic sublingual gland was precisely located between the tongue and the mylohyoid muscle. The best delineation between the caudal part of the monostomatic sublingual gland and the cranial aspect of the mandibular gland was observed in dorsalMRIat the level of the palate and the branches of the superior dental arcade. Good evaluation of the mandibular, parotid, caudal part of the monostomatic sublingual, zygomatic and buccal ventral glands was possible in sagittalMRIin close relation with the external auditory canal and the temporomandibular joint. The ventral buccal glands were also observed near the buccal vestibule as was the palatine glands within the soft palate.
The Importance of Venous Return in Starling‐Like Control of Rotary Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Stephens Andrew F. , Gregory Shaun D. , Salamonsen Robert F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRotary ventricular assist devices (VADs) are less sensitive to preload than the healthy heart, resulting in inadequate flow regulation in response to changes in patient cardiac demand. Starling‐like physiological controllers (SLCs) have been developed to automatically regulate VAD flow based on ventricular preload. An SLC consists of a cardiac response curve (CRC) which imposes a nonlinear relationship between VAD flow and ventricular preload, and a venous return line (VRL) which determines the return path of the controller. This study investigates the importance of a physiological VRL in SLC of dual rotary blood pumps for biventricular support. Two experiments were conducted on a physical mock circulation loop (MCL); the first compared an SLC with an angled physiological VRL (SLC‐P) against an SLC with a vertical VRL (SLC‐V). The second experiment quantified the benefit of a dynamic VRL, represented by a series of specific VRLs, which could adapt to different circulatory states including changes in pulmonary (PVR) and systemic (SVR) vascular resistance versus a fixed physiological VRL which was calculated at rest. In both sets of experiments, the transient controller responses were evaluated through reductions in preload caused by the removal of fluid from the MCL. The SLC‐P produced no overshoot or oscillations following step changes in preload, whereas SLC‐V produced 0.4 L/min (12.5%) overshoot for both left and right VADs. Additionally, the SLC‐V had increased settling time and reduced controller stability as evidenced by transient controller oscillations. The transient results comparing the specific and standard VRLs demonstrated that specific VRL rise times were improved by between 1.2 and 4.7 s ( = 3.05 s), while specific VRL settling times were improved by between 2.8 and 16.1 seconds ( = 8.38 s) over the standard VRL. This suggests only a minor improvement in controller response time from a dynamic VRL compared to the fixed VRL. These results indicate that the use of a fixed physiologically representative VRL is adequate over a wide variety of physiological conditions.
Letter: significant burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with advanced fibrosis in the USA: a cross‐sectional analysis of 2011‐2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Liu Y. , Wan B. , Lin S. 
Published: August 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Wong et al and Wong papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14327 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14909.
Impact of Epstein‐Barr virus serological status on clinical outcomes in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: de Francisco Ruth , Castaño‐García Andrés , Martínez‐González Susana , Pérez‐Martínez Isabel , González‐Huerta Ana J. , Morais Lucía R. , Fernández‐García María S. , Jiménez Santiago , Díaz‐Coto Susana , Flórez‐Díez Pablo , Suárez Adolfo , Riestra Sabino 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundLittle is known about the impact of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection on clinical outcomes in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AimTo evaluate seroprevalence, seroconversion rate and complications associated with EBV infection in an adult IBD cohort attending a tertiary care hospital in Spain between 2006 and 2016.MethodsEBV serological status was determined. In seronegative patients, the seroconversion rate was evaluated. The complications associated with primary and latent EBV infection are described.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and eighty‐three patients over the age of 17 were included in the study (mean age at EBV serological status determination was 48.3). Overall seroprevalence of EBV was 97.4% (95% CI: 96.6%‐98.2%). The seroconversion rate was 29.7% (95% CI: 16.2‐45.9) after a mean of 47.5 months. There were no differences in seroconversion rates between patients 35 years or younger and patients older than 35 years. A 66‐year‐old man, on treatment with thiopurines, developed lymphoma and a hemophagocytic syndrome during a primary EBV infection. Overall, six patients (one with primary infection and five with prior EBV infection) developed lymphoma. In three of five patients with lymphoma and thiopurine use, EBV was associated to the development of lymphoma.ConclusionsThere is a small percentage of adults with IBD at risk of primary EBV infection. The risks of seroconversion and its complications remain through adulthood. Our results suggest that, when considering the use of thiopurines in IBD, the information on EBV serological status should be taken into account at any age.
Parents’ posthumous use of daughter’s ovarian tissue: Ethical dimensions
Authors: Affdal Aliya O. , Ravitsky Vardit 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn recent years, progress in cancer treatment has greatly increased the chances of recovery. Yet, treatment may have irreversible effects on patients’ fertility. In order to protect future fertility, preservation of ovarian tissue may be offered today even to very young girls, involving a surgical procedure that may be performed by minimally invasive laparoscopy, under general anesthesia. However, in the tragic event of a girl’s death, questions may arise regarding the possible use of the preserved ovarian tissue by her parents. Should posthumous reproductive use of ovarian tissue without the girl’s prior consent (due to her young age) be considered a violation of her rights? On the other hand, can it be argued that it is in the interest of a child who died young to leave a genetic trace through posthumous reproduction, because genetic continuity is in the interest of every human being? After presenting the relevant clinical facts, we explore the ethical dimensions of this possible practice through an analysis of the interests of the deceased, her parents, and the child that may be born posthumously.
Endotypes of severe allergic asthma patients who clinically benefit from anti‐IgE therapy
Authors: Huang Yu‐Chen , Weng Chih‐Ming , Lee Meng‐Jung , Lin Shu‐Min , Wang Chun‐Hua , Kuo Han‐Pin 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundOmalizumab, a recombinant monoclonal anti‐IgE antibody, was developed for the treatment of severe allergic asthma. Not all these patients respond to omalizumab.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate whether the proinflammatory cytokine profiles in the severe allergic asthma patients were different between who responded and nonresponded to omalizumab therapy.MethodsA prospective study was conducted to examine type 2 cytokines and epithelium‐derived cytokines in the bronchial tissues by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and PCR analysis among patients with severe allergic asthma before and after omalizumab therapy.ResultsFourteen of 23 patients with unstable severe allergic asthma improved their asthma control after 4 months of omalizumab treatment (Responders), while nine failed to improve (Non‐Responders). Most of Responders were type 2‐high endotype (12/14) with upregulated expression of IL‐33, IL‐25 and TSLP in their bronchial tissues, while most of Non‐Responders were type 2‐low endotype (8/9). Repeated bronchoscopic biopsy was done in nine responders after omalizumab treatment and showed a decline in IL‐13, IL‐33, IL‐25 and TSLP expression in the bronchial tissues. Among 14 Responders who continued omalizuamb treatments to a total 12 months, six patients achieved a well control of asthma (ACT ≥ 23), while eight patients required additional treatment for asthma symptoms and had more rhinosinusitis comorbidities and a mixed eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in their bronchial tissues.ConclusionMost of the severe allergic asthma patients who benefited from omalizumab treatment were IL‐33, IL‐25 and TSLP aggravated type 2‐high endotype. Rhinosinusitis or with a mixed eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation should be evaluated in patients who partially responded to omalizumab treatment.