bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From axial parallel to orthogonal groundwater flow during fold amplification: insights from carbonate concretion development during the growth of the Quattro Castella Anticline, Northern Apennines, Italy
Authors: Pizzati Mattia , Balsamo Fabrizio , Storti Fabrizio , Mozafari Mahtab , Iacumin Paola , Tinterri Roberto , Swennen Rudy 
Published: May 2018

This paper is based on a multidisciplinary field and laboratory study of carbonate concretions developed in poorly lithified Quaternary, syn-kinematic sediments along the Quattro Castella Anticline, Northern Apennines, Italy. The studied concretions consist of both tabular (parallel to bedding) and elongate single to coalescent concretionary bodies oriented at different angles to the bedding throughout the exposed stratigraphic succession. The dimensions of the concretions range from a few centimetres for single elongate concretions up to several metres for tabular to coalescent concretions. Field observations and petrophysical data indicate that the concretions developed preferentially in sediments characterized by mean grain sizes of 90–290 μm and a permeability ranging from 7 × 10
2
to 7 × 10
4
mD. Carbon and oxygen stable isotope analyses in conjunction with the petrographic investigations indicate that the precipitation of concretionary calcite occurred in a meteoric vadose realm during early eogenesis and subsequently in a meteoric phreatic environment. Diagenetic data and concretion patterns in syn-tectonic sediments suggest they formed during the lateral propagation of the anticline, which, in turn, promoted a change in the local topographic–hydraulic gradient from fold axial parallel to fold orthogonal. The integrated analysis of carbonate concretions provides a useful tool with which to unravel the palaeo-fluid flow history and therefore to predict fluid circulation patterns in folded siliciclastic rocks.

Supplementary material:
Complete isotopic data from both hand samples and thin sections, together with statistical analysis, scanning electron microscope cement images and grain size distributions with the standard operative procedure tests performed, and detailed permeability measurements are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4087019
A century of hydrocarbon exploration and production in Spain (1860–1960)
Authors: Navarro Comet Jorge , Puche Riart Octavio 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The onset of hydrocarbon exploration and production activity in Spain dates back to 1860, mainly consisting of rudimentary mining of tar sands, asphalts and bituminous shales. Petroleum exploration drilling started properly in 1900 by simply locating wells in the vicinity of petroleum impregnations at the surface, often with little or no geological input. Until 1940, most of these early exploration wells were shallow tests (less than 500 m deep), commonly operated by small private companies with foreign investment, but no oil and gas accumulations were found.
Systematic hydrocarbon exploration in Spain began in 1940 after the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). Two oil companies led these activities: CAMPSA, a state-run petroleum monopoly established in 1927; and CEPSA, a fully private Spanish company founded in 1929, which created the exploration subsidiary CIEPSA in 1940. However, the poor economic situation in Spain, the currency shortage and the international embargo after the Civil War made it very difficult to import any rig capable of deep drilling until the late 1940s. During the early 1950s, the domestic and international position of Spain started to improve. Slowly, foreign hydrocarbon exploration companies (especially German and American) began to form partnerships with national and Spanish private companies. They conducted the acquisition of the first seismic reflection surveys and were responsible for a considerable increase in deep drilling and pioneering borehole logging. Noteworthy amongst these were the intense activities of the VALDEBRO, a consortium formed in 1952 by American companies and the state.
In 1960, 100 years after the initiation of petroleum production in Spain, the first commercial success was obtained with the discovery of dry gas in the Castillo-1 well, drilled by CIEPSA in the onshore Cantabrian–Basque Basin. This find was later complemented by the oil discovery at Ayoluengo in 1964 by a joint venture led by CAMPSA and which still remains the only commercial oil field discovered onshore Spain.
Ayoluengo's history – Spain's only onshore oil field
Authors: Navarro Comet Jorge 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The Ayoluengo Field, commonly cited as the only onshore oil field in Spain, was discovered in June 1964 by Amospain, a joint venture of Chevron, Texaco and CAMPSA, by then the state-owned company. Ayoluengo is located about 300 km north of Madrid in the southern part of the Basque–Cantabrian Basin, a geological region where natural oil seeps, tar sands and asphalt have been recognized in outcrops since the early twentieth century. Now, 50 years after the first oil in 1967, the field has a cumulated production of 17 million barrels of oil. The 50-year production concession expired at the end of January 2017 and the field is now closed, awaiting a bidding process for a new concession to be awarded.
The Ayoluengo Field consists of a NE–SW-orientated salt-cored anticline, related to Triassic salt movements. The field is divided into two large structural blocks by a normal fault. Oil and gas production comes from a series of thin lenticular fluvio-lacustrine sandstone packages of Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous age. More than 50 separate oil and gas sandstone beds have been identified by drilling. This multilayer reservoir, together with the structural component, means that Ayoluengo is considered to be a grouping of hundreds of small oil and gas fields.
After years of intense exploration activity, the Ayoluengo Field still, surprisingly, remains a unique oil discovery and is the only onshore commercial oil field in Spain and also the only one in the entire Iberian Peninsula. This geological singularity has resulted in recurrent discussions between petroleum geologists because it is difficult to explain why a petroleum system is working uniquely at this particular spot and nowhere else within such a vast territory.
Evaluation of the geothermal effects caused by the weathering of crystalline rocks
Authors: Vasseur Guy , Lachassagne Patrick 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

The acquisition of a permeability high enough to constitute an aquifer in crystalline rocks is a result of physico-chemical weathering through the transformation of minerals by the chemical processes of oxidation and hydration. The volumetric changes resulting from hydration induce stresses that fracture unweathered rocks. These reactions are exothermic, suggesting that the heat produced may generate a geothermal signature and even some hydrothermal effects. This paper develops a simplified model of thermal disturbance related to exothermic hydration to determine the relevance of this potential thermal effect. The fundamental thermal parameter is the rate of heat production, which is the product of the heat generation per unit volume multiplied by the velocity of the propagation of the front. When the front velocity is
c.
≤1 mm a
−1
, the temperature disturbance is negligible. The thermal effect only becomes significant if propagation of the front is extremely rapid (several centimetres per year). This observation led to an investigation of the instantaneous value of the front propagation velocity. This parameter was evaluated using a physical model coupling diffusion and chemical reactions with rock fracturing. Such extreme front velocities were only reached in exceptional circumstances; in most common situations, the weathering of crystalline rocks does not cause geothermal effects.
Characterization and location of the laminated layer within hard rock weathering profiles from electrical resistivity tomography: implications for water well siting
Authors: Belle Pierre , Lachassagne Patrick , Mathieu Francis , Barbet Christine , Brisset Nicolas , Gourry Jean-Christophe 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This research aims to quantify the geophysical signature of the laminated layer, one of the main layers constituting the weathering profile of hard rocks. This laminated layer acts as a marker for locating the underlying groundwater productive stratiform fractured layer (SFL). The study is based at two sites on the interpretation of 50 km of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles, compared with outcrops and boreholes by geophysical modelling. For the first time, the geophysical signature of the laminated layer, located at the base of the saprolite, is characterized within granite formations. Where the stratiform weathered layer is detected by pole-dipole ERT profiles, the laminated layer is identified as a resistant layer on 90% of the SFL length using an appropriate inversion method. In addition, this layer is also revealed for the first time in certain types of metamorphic formations; here it is revealed in micaschists (62% of the SFL length). The location of the laminated layer in the weathering profile is important (1) for water well siting by determining if an underlying SFL exists in the weathering profile and (2) for assessing the residual thickness of the saprolite, and then evaluating water storage and the protection of the SFL aquifer.
A Method to Summarize Toxicity in Cancer Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Carbini Mariana , Suárez-Fariñas Mayte , Maki Robert G. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Despite development of clinical “value frameworks” by national and international groups, there remains no generally accepted method to summarize toxicity in cancer clinical trials. We explored ways to simplify toxicity data of an arm of a cancer clinical trial to a single value, termed a “weighted toxicity score” (WTS).
Experimental Design: We compiled 58 randomized clinical trials of FDA-approved kinase-directed inhibitors. We generated 5 models, each of which assigned different weights for each observed grade 1 to 4 toxicities. For each model, we calculated WTS values as different weighted averages of the sum of the toxicities. We correlated each WTS with the dose reduction rate in each trial, using the dose reduction rate as a clinically relevant surrogate of treatment that is too toxic. The WTS method yielding the strongest correlation with frequency of dose reduction was declared the best model.
Results: Nineteen of 58 trials were placebo controlled and had complete data. Of the 5 models examined, differences in dose reduction rates correlated best with differences in WTS using a model with a clinician-weighted scale for toxicities (model M5). The WTS difference thus serves as a surrogate for a desired dose reduction rate difference and could be used to adjust dose/schedule as patients are accrued to a clinical trial.
Conclusions: The WTS distills a tabular listing of toxicities of a treatment into a single value, and provides a simple method that can be incorporated into value frameworks, or used to guide discussion of the risks and benefits of systemic therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 4968–75. ©2018 AACR.
See related commentary by Vaishampayan, p. 4918
Healthcare Utilization and Statin Re‐Initiation Among Medicare Beneficiaries With a History of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Booth John N. , Colantonio Lisandro D. , Rosenson Robert S. , Safford Monika M. , Chen Ligong , Kilgore Meredith L. , Brown Todd M. , Taylor Benjamin , Dent Ricardo , Monda Keri L. , Muntner Paul , Levitan Emily B. 
Published: May 2018

Background
Contact with the healthcare system represents an opportunity for individuals who discontinue statins to re‐initiate treatment. To help identify opportunities for healthcare providers to emphasize the risk‐lowering benefits accrued through restarting statins, we determined the types of healthcare utilization associated with statin re‐initiation among patients with history of a myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

Medicare beneficiaries with a statin pharmacy fill claim within 30 days of hospital discharge for a myocardial infarction in 2007 to 2012 (n=158 795) were followed for 182 days postdischarge to identify treatment discontinuation, defined as 60 continuous days without statins (n=24 461). Re‐initiation was defined as a statin fill within 365 days of the discontinuation date (n=13 136). Using a case‐crossover study design and each beneficiary as their own control, healthcare utilization during 0 to 14 days before statin re‐initiation (case period) was compared with healthcare utilization 30 to 44 days before statin re‐initiation (control period). The mean age of beneficiaries was 75.4 years; 52.8% were women and 81.9% were white. For routine healthcare utilization, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for statin re‐initiation associated with lipid panel testing was 2.65 (1.93–3.65), outpatient primary care was 1.31 (1.23–1.40), and outpatient cardiologist care was 1.38 (1.28–1.50). For acute healthcare utilization, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for statin re‐initiation associated with emergency department visits was 1.77 (1.31–2.40), coronary heart disease (
CHD
) hospitalizations was 3.16 (2.41–4.14) and non–coronary heart disease hospitalizations was 1.73 (1.49–2.01).

Conclusions
The weaker association of routine versus acute healthcare utilization with statin re‐initiation suggests missed opportunities to reinforce the importance of statin therapy for secondary prevention.
Statin Use and Adverse Effects Among Adults >75 Years of Age: Insights From the Patient and Provider Assessment of Lipid Management (PALM) Registry
Authors: Nanna Michael G. , Navar Ann Marie , Wang Tracy Y. , Mi Xiaojuan , Virani Salim S. , Louie Michael J. , Lee L. Veronica , Goldberg Anne C. , Roger Veronique L. , Robinson Jennifer , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: May 2018

Background
Current statin use and symptoms among older adults in routine community practice have not been well characterized since the release of the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline.

Methods and Results

We compared statin use and dosing between adults >75 and ≤75 years old who were eligible for primary or secondary prevention statin use without considering guideline‐recommended age criteria. The patients were treated at 138 US practices in the Patient and Provider Assessment of Lipid Management (PALM) registry in 2015. Patient surveys also evaluated reported symptoms while taking statins. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the association between older age and statin use and dosing. Among 6717 people enrolled, 1704 (25%) were >75 years old. For primary prevention, use of any statin or high‐dose statin did not vary by age group: any statin, 62.6% in those >75 years old versus 63.1% in those ≤75 years old (
P
=0.83); high‐dose statin, 10.2% versus 12.3% in the same groups (
P
=0.14). For secondary prevention, older patients were slightly less likely to receive any statin (80.1% versus 84.2% [
P
=0.003]; adjusted odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–1.01 [
P
=0.06]), but were much less likely to receive a high‐intensity statin (23.5% versus 36.2% [
P
<0.0001]; adjusted odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.45–0.65 [
P
=0.0001]). Among current statin users, older patients were slightly less likely to report any symptoms (41.3% versus 46.6%;
P
=0.003) or myalgias (27.3% versus 33.3%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Overall use of statins was similar for primary prevention in those aged >75 years versus younger patients, yet older patients were less likely to receive high‐intensity statins for secondary prevention. Statins appear to be similarly tolerated in older and younger adults.
Estimating Maximum Significant Wave Height and Dominant Wave Period inside Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Hwang Paul A. , Walsh Edward J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Making use of the fetch- and duration-limited nature of wind-wave growth inside tropical cyclones, an algorithm is developed to estimate the maximum significant wave height and dominant wave period of surface waves generated by tropical cyclone wind fields. The results of the maximum significant wave height and dominant wave period are further approximated by simple power functions of the maximum wind speed. The exponents of the power functions are almost constant, and the proportionality coefficients can be approximated by second-order polynomial functions of the radius of maximum wind speed (RMW). The predicted maximum values agree well with results derived from simultaneous wind and wave measurements obtained during 11 hurricane reconnaissance and research missions in six hurricanes.
A decentralized sensor fault detection and self-repair method for HVAC systems
Authors: Wang Shiqiang , Xing Jianchun , Jiang Ziyan , Li Juelong 
Published: May 2018

This study proposes a novel decentralized sensor fault detection and self-repair method for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. From the perspective of network structure, sensor fault diagnosis in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems is distributed to the updated smart sensors without the monitoring host, which is necessary in the traditional centralized method. A fully distributed flat sensor network is established based on fundamental physical equations. Similar to the structure, mechanism and characteristics of biological communities, a smart sensor needs only to communicate with adjacent nodes and operate collaboratively to complete sensor fault detection and self-repair tasks. These tasks are formulated as a constrained optimization and are solved by a decentralized algorithm with a penalty function executed in all the sensor nodes in parallel. The diagnosis model introduces an exponential function method to determine the precise location and undertake self-repair of a fault node. Simulation results on a chilled water system illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Practical application: The traditional sensor fault detection and diagnosis methods for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems are based on a centralized structure with several deficiencies, such as high maintenance and labor costs, link congestion and operational lag. This study presents a decentralized sensor network structure and exponential-function-based method that possess the advantages of plug-and-play, rapid deployment, high flexibility and convenience for engineering implementation without having to build a central monitor. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated via a case study.
Independent Predictors of Prognosis Based on Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Surgical Margins
Authors: Buchakjian Marisa R. , Ginader Timothy , Tasche Kendall K. , Pagedar Nitin A. , Smith Brian J. , Sperry Steven M. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo conduct a multivariate analysis of a large cohort of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) cases for independent predictors of local recurrence (LR) and overall survival (OS), with emphasis on the relationship between (1) prognosis and (2) main specimen permanent margins and intraoperative tumor bed frozen margins.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary academic head and neck cancer program.Subjects and MethodsThis study included 426 patients treated with OCSCC resection between 2005 and 2014 at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Patients underwent excision of OCSCC with intraoperative tumor bed frozen margin sampling and main specimen permanent margin assessment. Multivariate analysis of the data set to predict LR and OS was performed.ResultsIndependent predictors of LR included nodal involvement, histologic grade, and main specimen permanent margin status. Specifically, the presence of a positive margin (odds ratio, 6.21; 95% CI, 3.3‐11.9) or <1‐mm/carcinoma in situ margin (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.19‐4.87) on the main specimen was an independent predictor of LR, whereas intraoperative tumor bed margins were not predictive of LR on multivariate analysis. Similarly, independent predictors of OS on multivariate analysis included nodal involvement, extracapsular extension, and a positive main specimen margin. Tumor bed margins did not independently predict OS.ConclusionThe main specimen margin is a strong independent predictor of LR and OS on multivariate analysis. Intraoperative tumor bed frozen margins do not independently predict prognosis. We conclude that emphasis should be placed on evaluating the main specimen margins when estimating prognosis after OCSCC resection.
Prevalence of Potential Adult Chronic Rhinosinusitis Symptoms in the United States
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil , Gilani Sapideh 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis–related symptoms in the United States.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of a national database.SettingRepresentative sampling of the US adult population.Subjects and MethodsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set, taste and smell supplement 2013‐2014 was analyzed for sinonasal question responses regarding discolored nasal mucus, nasal blockage, sinus pain, and dysosmia. The individual prevalences as well as the prevalence of 2 or more of these symptoms (which would be compatible with a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis) were determined for the US population.ResultsAfter excluding adults with an intercurrent head cold, 113.5 million adults (mean age 58.2 years; 52.6% female) were analyzed. Individual symptom prevalences were dysosmia (9.17 million, 8.1%), nasal blockage (6.9 million, 6.0%), sinus pain (2.37 million, 2.1%), and discolored mucous (1.28 million, 1.1%). Overall, 14.8 million (13.0%) adults had exactly 1 sinonasal symptom, and 2.37 million adults (2.1%) responded with 2 or more cardinal symptoms for chronic rhinosinusitis. With respect to sex, 1.9% of males reported 2 or more symptoms compatible with chronic rhinosinusitis vs 2.2% of females (P =. 690), which is not statistically significant.ConclusionOf US adults, 2.1% meet symptom criteria for the potential diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis at any given time. Further objective corroboration with a physical exam and determination of duration of symptoms would be required to determine the true prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis, but this point prevalence represents the potential population at risk for chronic rhinosinusitis in the United States.
Subcutaneous administration of paracetamol—Good local tolerability in palliative care patients: An observational study
Authors: Leheup Benoît F , Ducousso Stéphanie , Picard Stéphane , Alluin Raphaël , Goetz Christophe 
Published: May 2018

Background: The subcutaneous route is widely used in both palliative care and geriatrics. Numerous compounds are administered by this route, including paracetamol. However, there is no recommendation on which to base this latter practice and, in the absence of published evidence, nothing is known regarding its local tolerability in palliative care patients. Aim: The main objective of this study was to assess the local tolerability of paracetamol when administered subcutaneously for analgesic or antipyretic purposes in patients hospitalized in the palliative care unit. The secondary objective was to identify the factors favoring the occurrence of local adverse events. Design: This is a prospective multicenter observational study (NCT02884609). Participants: Study conducted in 160 patients hospitalized in the palliative care units of three hospitals in metropolitan France from 2014 to 2017. Results: Of the 160 patients, 44 (28%) presented at least one non-serious local adverse event (edema in 29, erythema in 5, pain in 15, hematoma in 2, pruritus in 1, and local heat in 2). No serious adverse events were observed. Factors associated with the occurrence of local adverse events were younger age, administration in the arm and thorax, and a high number of daily administrations. Conclusion: This first ever study carried out on this subject reveals that subcutaneous administration of paracetamol in palliative care patients was well tolerated locally.