bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of decanter temperature in separating partially miscible homoazeotrope to reduce cost and energy consumption
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Shuai , Wang Yinglong , Cui Peizhe , Xu Dongmei , Zhu Zhaoyou 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a special type of azeotrope in the chemical industry. The components can form homoazeotrope under atmospheric pressure and azeotropic temperature but show partial miscibility when the temperature decreases. A two‐column/decanter process was presented to separate the mixture. However, the energy consumption and the total annual cost are high.RESULTSBased on the decanter temperature, the operating parameters of the conventional process and the modified process were optimized to achieve the minimum total annual cost (TAC). Through comparing the two processes, the minimum TAC of the latter one is 14.2% lower than that of the former one when the decanters of the two processes are at 10 °C. A control structure, which can efficiently control the modified process, was also explored and verified.CONCLUSIONFor the conventional process and the modified process, the influences of the decanter temperature on the compositions of the layered liquid phases, the total reboiler duty of the columns, and the minimum TAC demonstrated that the decanter temperature has important impacts on energy cost and economy of the two processes. Furthermore, the modified process using two cooling media in combination can further reduce the TAC. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Biomolecule functionalized magnetite nanoparticles efficiently adsorb and remove heavy metals from contaminated water
Authors: Somu Prathap , Kannan Uma , Paul Subhankar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have recently gained importance for the treatment of water contaminated with heavy metal. However, conventional chemical synthesis of MNPs involves production of hazardous by‐products. In the present study, starch (MNPST) and casein (MNPCS) functionalized MNPs were prepared via green synthesis and compared efficiency with bare MNPs.RESULTSHere, we prepared MNP, MNPST, and MNPCS with average sizes of 7.1, 9.0, and 9.7 nm, respectively. We conducted an adsorption study under optimized conditions such as temperature, pH, etc., and observed that the removal of lead(II) (Pb(II)) and chromium(VI) (Cr(IV)) follows the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model for all MNPs. The experimental data fits better with Langmuir isotherm, and the maximal adsorption capacity (Qm) of MNPST was highest with 120.48 mg g−1 for Pb(II) and 99.0 mg g−1 for Cr(VI) compared to MNPCS [101.11 mg g−1 for Pb(II) and 87.81 mg g−1 for Cr(VI)] and MNP [74.07 mg g−1 for Pb(II) and 68.96 mg g−1 for Cr(VI)]. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that better regeneration capacity of MNPST was only 8.0% reduction of its removal efficiency, followed by MNPCS (12.1%) and MNP (14.8%).CONCLUSIONTherefore, our findings revealed that starch capped magnetite nano‐adsorbent could be used for the efficient removal of heavy metal from water with excellent regeneration efficiency. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Compost biochar application to contaminated soil reduces the (im)mobilization and phytoavailability of lead and copper
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Awasthi Sanjeev K , Liu Tao , Duan Yumin , Zhang Zengqiang , Awasthi Mukesh K 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiochar and compost have been proven to have significant positive effect on stabilization of toxic metals in contaminated soil. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of compost of wheat straw biochar (CB) (4%, 8%, 12% and 18%) with different nitrogen dosages (50, 150, 250 and 300 kg ha−1) as amendment on plants growth and mobility and bioavailability of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) as well as the nutrients in smelter‐contaminated soil.RESULTSDiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)‐extractable and total Pb concentration were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the CB treated soil compared with the control, especially T14 (12% biochar applied compost with 300 kg ha−1 nitrogen) dramatically reduced the Pb content by 37.4%. While, the concentrations of total and DTPA‐Cu increased in most CB modified treatments, while, the DTPA‐Cu concentration of T11 (12% biochar applied compost with 50 kg ha−1 nitrogen) decreased by 27.3%. Meanwhile, compared with control, the CB amendment significantly improved Chinese cabbage yield and nutrients in soil.CONCLUSIONSOverall, the result suggested that CB could be a useful additive to decrease the bioavailability of Pb and improve plants growth and soil nutrients by reducing the ecological risk of soil contamination. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Associated factors for discussing advance directives with family physicians by noncancer outpatients in Japan
Authors: Hamada Shuhei , Haruta Junji , Hamano Jun , Maeno Takami , Maeno Tetsuhiro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdvance directives (ADs) are seldom discussed between primary care physicians (PCPs) and their patients, especially those with noncancer diseases. The aim was to identify the factors associated with discussing AD by noncancer patients with their physicians.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in a hospital or clinic from October to December 2017. Physicians chose eligible noncancer patients aged 20 years or older to respond to an anonymous self‐completed questionnaire inquiring about the objective variable “I want to discuss AD with my doctor,” as well as basic characteristics, and facilitators and barriers to discussing AD identified in previous studies. The physicians responded to a survey comprising the Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) and inquiring about the disease category for each patient. Data were analyzed using binomial logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 270 patients (valid response rate, 79.6%) were included. Multivariate analysis identified a period of visit to the study site ≥ 3 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05‐4.10), physicians who are very good at taking care of patients’ disease (OR, 12.68; 95% CI, 1.12‐143.22), and patients’ worry about their quality of life (QOL) in the future (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.30‐5.57) as facilitators for discussing AD with physicians, and PPS ≤ 90 (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.26‐0.98) as a barrier.ConclusionsOur study indicates that patients’ future QOL concerns, a long period of visit to a hospital, and the presence of physical symptoms were associated with the willingness of noncancer patients to discuss AD with PCPs.
Attenuation of human herpesvirus 6B reactivation by aging
Authors: Kobayashi Nobuyuki , Nishiyama Toshiko , Yamauchi Takashi , Shimada Kazuya , Suka Machi , Kondo Kazuhiro , Yanagisawa Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThere has been little research on human herpesvirus 6B (HHV‐6B) in healthy adults and prevalences in different age groups have been unclear. Therefore, the major objective of this study was to evaluate seroprevalence to HHV‐6 antibodies in ordinary working people and examine the effect of aging on seroprevalence. Also, as HHV‐6B is reactivated in saliva, another objective was to investigate an association between age and HHV‐6B reactivation based on measured salivary HHV‐6 DNA levels.MethodsOur subjects were 77 ordinary office workers who underwent a health checkup. In this population, we measured anti‐HHV‐6 antibody titers using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and salivary HHV‐6 DNA levels. In addition to examining an association with age, we examined associations with body mass index, smoking habit, and alcohol consumption as confounding factors.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in the seropositivity of HHV‐6 antibodies in subjects of 50 years and older, and age was significantly negatively correlated with anti‐HHV‐6 antibody titers. Age and salivary HHV‐6 DNA levels were also significantly negatively correlated but there were no significant correlations with other factors.ConclusionsOur results suggest that HHV‐6B reactivation is attenuated by aging. Thus, HHV‐6 antibodies steadily decrease in the body with aging.
Three‐dimensional analytical modeling and performance analysis of triple material trigate silicon‐on‐insulator MOSFET
Authors: Shora Aadil T. , Khanday Farooq A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe semiconductor industry has implemented the technique of wrapping the gate electrode on different sides of channel to mitigate the degrading electrostatic effects in nanometer transistor. Intel adopted trigate architecture, wherein the channel is surrounded by gate electrode on three sides to improve the gate control over the channel. In order to further enhance the performance and diminish the short channel effects, triple material trigate silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) MOSFET is explored in this work. An analytical model to determine the device electrostatics and match deviations due to device geometry has also been developed. The consequence of quantum confinement effects (QMEs), which arise due to ultra‐thin body structure, on the inversion charge and threshold voltage has also been included. Thus, the analytical model presented in this work is based on a self‐consistent solution of three‐dimensional Poisson's equation and two‐dimensional Schrodinger equation with proper boundary conditions. The model is verified by the uniformity obtained between the results from analytical model and TCAD simulations. The superiority of the device has been demonstrated by comparing performance parameters like potential distribution, field variations, drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) with already existing device structures like single material trigate (SMTG) and dual material trigate (DMTG) SOI MOSFETs
Effect of interposed tissue and contamination on the initial stability of a highly porous press‐fit acetabular cup
Authors: Wiznia Daniel H. , Joyal Garrett , Schmidig Gregg , Rajaravivarma Raga , Lokesh Raja , Schwarzkopf Ran , Iorio Richard , Long William J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTFor biologic fixation, press‐fit acetabular cups should have initial stability with minimal micromotion and osteoconductive surfaces in contact with bone. Inadequate exposure potentially influences initial stability by increasing the possibility of soft tissue interposition and contamination at the implant‐tissue interface. A sawbone model was used to examine how interposed tissue and contamination influence initial cup stability. Seven groups (n = 4) were tested with varying levels of interposed fatty and fibrous tissue placed around the rim of the cup. 54 millimeter in diameter highly porous hemispherical acetabular cups (Stryker, Mahwah NJ) and 54 mm reamed cavities in sawbone blocks were used. Shells were seated and maximum lever out force was recorded for each sample. Cups with fibrous tissue spaced evenly along the rim had a lever out force that was 150% of the control (107 ± 6 vs. 150 ± 12N, p = 0.005), and fatty tissue contamination had a lever out force that was 140% of the control (143 ± 18 vs. 107 ± 6N, p = 0.04). Cups with fibrous tissue placed eccentrically along the rim had a lever out force that was double the control 107 ± 6 N vs. 200 ± 15 N (p = 0.001). Surprisingly, fatty tissue contamination and fibrous tissue interposition at the rim increased initial stability. The eccentrically interposed tissue forced the opposite pole of the cup into the bone, resulting in a more secure press‐fit. However, soft tissue interposition decreases implant/bone apposition, and the effect on long term fixation is unknown. Statement of Clinical Significance: Soft tissue interposition between the bone and cup may provide higher initial stability, but its long‐term effects are unknown. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Effects of Molecular Structure and Temperature on Micellization of Cationic Ammonium Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Luo Siqi , Jiang Nan , Wang Yilin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMicellization of four cationic quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants, having a diethyl ether or hexyl spacer with the alkyl chain lengths of 12 and 16 carbon atoms, was studied using isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC) and electrical conductivity measurements in the temperature range from 298.15 to 313.15 K. In this temperature range, where surfactants are normally applied, the temperature almost does not influence the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the degree of micelle ionization (α) values of the gemini surfactants, and the replacement of a hexyl spacer by a diethyl ether spacer leads to a slight decrease in the CMC and α values. However, as the alkyl chain length increases from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, the CMC values significantly decrease from 0.99–1.19 mM to 0.020–0.057 mM. In particular, the enthalpy of micellization (ΔHmic) and the associated thermodynamic parameters show obvious changes with varying temperature and molecular structure. ΔHmic becomes much more exothermic at higher temperature or for the surfactants with a more hydrophilic spacer. Moreover, the heat capacity change of micellization (ΔC
P, mic) is less exothermic for the surfactants with a more hydrophilic spacer or a longer alkyl chain. The enthalpy–entropy compensation data show that the surfactants with longer alkyl chains have a more stable micellar structure.
Concentration and turnover of dissolved free polyamines on the South Coast of Lake Erie
Authors: Madhuri Sumeda , Wang Kai , Bade Darren , Mou Xiaozhen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDissolved free polyamines (DFPAs) have been suggested as an important source of reduced nitrogen in marine systems, but their importance in the cycling of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in freshwater systems has yet to be assessed. This study measured the concentrations, turnover and uptake rates of DFPAs and compared them with those of dissolved free amino acids (DFAAs) in samples from 21 sites along eight coastal transects on the south shore of Lake Erie (LE), a Laurentian Great Lake. DFPA compounds were consistently detected in all samples and their concentrations (16.9–191.5 nmol L−1), turnover (1.6–3.2 d−1), and uptake rates (3.2–192.0 nmol L−1 d−1) were all significantly higher than those reported in marine environments. On the other hand, corresponding DFAA measurements (45.1–822.2 nmol L−1, 3.9–11.4 d−1, and 35–1690 nmol L−1 d−1, respectively) were within the range of reported values in marine environments. The DFPA to DFAA ratios in LE samples ranged between 0.21 and 0.65, which were much higher than what have been reported in marine environments (0.01–0.07). Within the bacterioplankton community, particle‐associated (PAB) and free‐living (FLB) proportions contributed equally to the turnover of DFPAs and DFAAs in LE. PAB and FLB also contributed equally when using requested DFPAs to fulfill their carbon (BCD; 3.1–7.9%) and nitrogen (BND; 13.5–18.5%) demands. Overall, our results suggest that DFPAs is a significant component of labile DON pool in freshwater systems, where they serve more as nitrogen than carbon sources to freshwater bacterioplankton.
Mechanoelectrical Conversion in Highly Ionic Conductive Solid‐State Polymer Electrolyte Membranes
Authors: Cao Jinwei , Piedrahita Camilo , Kyu Thein 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA novel phenomenon of mechanoelectrical conversion in a flexible solid‐state polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) is presented, hereafter denoted as flexoelectric effect. The flexoelectric coefficient (≈323 µC m−1), that is, a measure of the converted mechanoelectrical energy, is the highest among all flexoelectric materials hitherto reported. It is proposed in this work that the flexoelectricity in PEMs operates based on electrical energy generation driven by ion polarization/depolarization across the PEM subjected to a pressure gradient during bending. Of particular interest is the phenomenon of polarity switching during bending, that is, reversal of the polarization direction with increasing succinonitrile (SCN) concentration (i.e., 10–20 wt%). The size disparity between the solvated cations and anions is attributed as the key factor in determining the polarization direction, which is responsible for the polarity switching. Of particular importance is that the present flexoelectric PEM itself is a key component of the solid‐state lithium ion battery and thus their integration opens up a new avenue for energy harvesting and storage devices.
Stiffness‐Changing of Polymer Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Polymeric Dispersant
Authors: Meesorn Worarin , Zoppe Justin O. , Weder Christoph 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBio‐inspired, water‐responsive, mechanically adaptive nanocomposites are reported based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), poly(ethylene oxide‐co‐epichlorohydrin) (EO‐EPI), and a small amount of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which is added to aid the dispersion of the CNCs. In the dry state, the CNCs form a reinforcing network within the polymer matrix, and the substantial stiffness increase relative to the neat polymer is thought to be the result of hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the nanocrystals. Exposure to water, however, causes a large stiffness reduction, due to competitive hydrogen bonding of water molecules and the CNCs. It is shown here that the addition of PVA to the EO‐EPI/CNC nanocomposite increases the modulus difference between the dry and the wet state by a factor of up to four compared to the nanocomposites without the PVA. The main reason is that the PVA leads to a substantial increase of the stiffness in the dry state; for example, the storage modulus E
′ increased from 2.7 MPa (neat EO‐EPI) to 50 MPa upon introduction of 10% CNCs, and to 200 MPa when additionally 5% of PVA was added. By contrast, the incorporation of PVA only led to moderate increases of the equilibrium water swelling and the E
′ in the wet state.
Inhibition of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway potentiates cisplatin cytotoxicity by decreasing BiP expression in non–small‐cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Chen Wenshu , Do Kieu C. , Saxton Bryanna , Leng Shuguang , Filipczak Piotr , Tessema Mathewos , Belinsky Steven A. , Lin Yong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPlatinum anticancer agents are essential components in chemotherapeutic regimens for non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients ineligible for targeted therapy. However, platinum‐based regimens have reached a plateau of therapeutic efficacy; therefore, it is critical to implement novel approaches for improvement. The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which produces amino‐sugar N‐acetyl‐glucosamine for protein glycosylation, is important for protein function and cell survival. Here we show a beneficial effect by the combination of cisplatin with HBP inhibition. Expression of glutamine:fructose‐6‐phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), the rate‐limiting enzyme of HBP, was increased in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. Pharmacological inhibition of GFAT activity or knockdown of GFATimpaired cell proliferation and exerted synergistic or additive cytotoxicity to the cells treated with cisplatin. Mechanistically, GFAT positively regulated the expression of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP; also known as glucose‐regulated protein 78, GRP78), an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone involved in unfolded protein response (UPR). Suppressing GFAT activity resulted in downregulation of BiP that activated inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α, a sensor protein of UPR, and exacerbated cisplatin‐induced cell apoptosis. These data identify GFAT‐mediated HBP as a target for improving platinum‐based chemotherapy for NSCLC.
Aurora B kinase as a novel molecular target for inhibition the growth of osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhao Zhenjiang , Jin Guoguo , Yao Ke , Liu Kangdong , Liu Fangfang , Chen Hanyong , Wang Keke , Gorja Dhilli Rao , Reddy Kanamata , Bode Ann M. , Guo Zhiping , Dong Zigang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the primary human malignant tumor affecting bone. This cancer most frequently arises in children and adolescents, with a second peak in those over the age of 50. Currently, surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main treatments, but long‐term positive effects are very poor. Aurora B kinase is a serine/threonine kinase that is a key regulator of cell cycle and mitosis. Tissue array analysis revealed that Aurora B kinase is overexpressed in osteosarcoma compared with normal bone tissue. We developed a compound, HOI‐07 (i.e., (E)‐3‐((E)‐4‐(benzo[d] [1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)‐2‐oxobut‐3‐en‐1‐ylidene)indolin‐2‐one), as a specific Aurora B kinase inhibitor and examined its effectiveness against osteosarcoma cell growth in this study. This compound inhibited Aurora B kinase activity in osteosarcoma and induced apoptosis, caused G2‐M phase arrest, and attenuated osteosarcoma anchorage‐independent cell growth. Moreover, knocking down the expression of Aurora B effectively reduced the sensitivity of osteosarcoma to HOI‐07. Results of a xenograft mouse study indicated that HOI‐07 treatment effectively suppressed the growth of 143B and KHOS xenografts, without affecting the body weight of mice. The expression of phosphorylated histone H3 (Ser10) was reduced in mice treated with HOI‐07. Overall, we identified HOI‐07 as a specific Aurora B kinase inhibitor for osteosarcoma treatment and this compound warrants further investigation.
ETS1 is coexpressed with ZEB2 and mediates ZEB2‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in human tumors
Authors: Yalim‐Camci Irem , Balcik‐Ercin Pelin , Cetin Metin , Odabas Gorkem , Tokay Nurettin , Sayan A. Emre , Yagci Tamer 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEpithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an embryonic program that is reactivated in cancer and regulates the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) induces EMT by upregulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), yet MMP genes lack ZEB2 binding motif in their promoters. Recently, expression of MMPs was associated to the activation of ETS1 transcription factor; however, a link between ZEB2 and ETS proto‐oncogene 1, transcription factor (ETS1) remains to be elucidated. Hence, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of ETS1 by ZEB2 after our initial observation that ZEB2 and ETS1 are coexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs). Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays clearly showed that ZEB2 binds to E‐box sequences on the promoter of ETS1. Elevated expression of ETS1 was found in DLD‐ZEB2 and A431‐ZEB2 inducible systems, and knockdown of ZEB2 caused an explicit downregulation of ETS1 in shZEB2‐SNU398 and shZEB2‐SK‐HEP‐1 cells. Repression of ETS1 expression in ZEB2‐induced conditions substantially impaired the migration and invasive capacities of DLD1 cells. Mechanistically, knockdown of ETS1 in ZEB2‐expressing cells resulted in the downregulation of established ZEB2 targets TWIST and MMP9. Correlation analyses in HCC lines, cancer complementary DNA arrays, and The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA‐sequencing data set revealed that ZEB2 and ETS1 are coexpressed, and their expressions in human tumors show a highly significant positive correlation. Our results demonstrated that ZEB2 acts as an upstream regulator of ETS1 and, in turn, ETS1 maintains ZEB2‐induced EMT. These findings add another level of complexity to the understanding of ZEB2 in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, and put ZEB2/ETS1 axis as a novel therapeutic target in human malignancies.