bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles
Authors: Partikel Katrin , Korte Robin , Mulac Dennis , Humpf Hans-Ulrich , Langer Klaus 
Published: May 2019

Background: When nanoparticles (NPs) are applied into a biological fluid, such as blood, proteins bind rapidly to their surface forming a so-called “protein corona”. These proteins are strongly attached to the NP surface and confers them a new biological identity that is crucial for the biological response in terms of body biodistribution, cellular uptake, and toxicity. The corona is dynamic in nature and it is well known that the composition varies in dependence of the physicochemical properties of the NPs. In the present study we investigated the protein corona that forms around poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) NPs at different serum concentrations using two substantially different serum types, namely fetal bovine serum (FBS) and human serum. The corona was characterized by means of sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Bradford protein assay, zeta potential measurements, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Additionally, the time-dependent cell interaction of PLGA NPs in the absence or presence of a preformed protein corona was assessed by in vitro incubation experiments with the human liver cancer cell line HepG2.Results: Our data revealed that the physiological environment critically affects the protein adsorption on PLGA NPs with significant impact on the NP–cell interaction. Under comparable conditions the protein amount forming the protein corona depends on the serum type used and the serum concentration. On PLGA NPs incubated with either FBS or human serum a clear difference in qualitative corona protein composition was identified by SDS-PAGE and LC–MS/MS in combination with bioinformatic protein classification. In the case of human serum a considerable change in corona composition was observed leading to a concentration-dependent desorption of abundant proteins in conjunction with an adsorption of high-affinity proteins with lower abundance. Cell incubation experiments revealed that the respective corona composition showed significant influence on the resulting nanoparticle–cell interaction.Conclusion: Controlling protein corona formation is still a challenging task and our data highlight the need for a rational future experimental design in order to enable a prediction of the corona formation on nanoparticle surfaces and, therefore, the resulting biodistribution in the body.
Revitalizing cultural heritage: conservation of Merewether tower and its impact on urban morphology
Authors: Rehman Qurat - Ul - Ain , Soomro Rafique -Ul - Hassnain 
Published: May 2019

19th century Karachi was home to the British occupiers and is therefore, rich in Victorian era architecture. Although most of these buildings are in a bad shape, the Pakistani government is working hard to preserve them. Although the pace of conservation is slow, the mere fact that the work is on going alone is relieving. One such building in consideration in Karachi is the Merewether Tower; a significant cultural heritage structure indeed. Even though this iconic structure is one of the few that are in a rather good condition, some sources claim that from the inside, it is slowly getting degraded. Once the gateway to the city, it has been forgotten by many although its name is renowned. The objective of this research is to study and analyze the existing conditions of the tower as well as its surroundings, and assess how it can be revitalized in order to improve the morphology of the region. This paper also analyzes how conservation of a cultural heritage structure can enhance the urban character of a given place, and how it can link up with the communities that in turn, interact with it. The research methodologies adopted are qualitative; case studies, literature review, field research and interviews from stakeholders. This research attempts to develop a methodology for revitalization and enhancement of urban cultural heritage. The research concludes that development and revitalization of Merewether Tower is essential not only in a beautification and heritage perspective, but also for the commercial development in the locality. A set of immediate improvements are expected to appear in the shortrun after redevelopment, following the intended long-run benefits. Therefore, it is not merely a suggestion but a must for the city. The government needs to be sincere, and the communities and stakeholder need to cooperate for revitalization of this heritage landmark.
Mapeamento de negócios sociais e organizações congêneres no Brasil
Authors: Silva Caio Sousa , Iizuka Edson Sadao 
Published: May 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um mapeamento de negócios sociais no Brasil para criação de um banco de dados e, em seguida, analisar as empresas encontradas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, na qual identificou-se os atores deste campo que contribuem para a melhoria social. Após um levantamento sistemático chegou-se a 200 negócios sociais espalhados pelo Brasil e 23 aceleradoras/investidoras. Os resultados indicam que essas empresas encontram-se num estágio inicial de negócios e que 92% não possui restrição na distribuição de lucros. Em relação aos modelos de empresas encontrou-se: 6 Empresas Cooperativas (3%); 13 Empresas Base da Pirâmide (6,5%); 17 Negócios Inclusivos (8,5%); 3 Empresas do Modelo B Corp (1,5%) e 161 Negócios Sociais (80,5%). A literatura acadêmica indica a necessidade de pesquisas com mais casos e exemplos concretos de negócios sociais. Portanto, ter uma base de dados empírica auxilia o desenvolvimento de novos artigos e teses sobre a temática.
Ciclos da gestão do conhecimento: um estudo aplicado ao setor de compras de uma empresa de moda e vestuáro
Authors: Silva Marcio José , Menegassi Cláudia Herrero Martins , Tatto Luiz 
Published: May 2019

A Gestão do Conhecimento (GC) vem sendo relacionada a criação de valor e fomento da competitividade para as organizações. Nesta pesquisa foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma indústria de moda e vestuário a partir do qual buscou-se avaliar a existência de estágios de um ciclo de GC no processo de compras. Trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica de cunho exploratório que utilizou-se da aplicação de um questionário para idenfiticar esses estágios. Foi possível comprovar que estágios de um ciclo de GC podem existir no processo de compras, verificando como esses estágios se sustentam e quais os meios mais utilizados para promovê-los. Foi possível estabelecer, ainda, quais os setores envolvidos no processo de compras e como se dão as alterações nos métodos ou processos de trabalho, o que pode contribuir para novas pesquisas relacionadas a esse assunto.
Antioxidant effect of oregano essential oil during various storage meat time of hybrid combination Ross 308
Authors: Klimentová Michaela , Angelovičová Mária 
Published: May 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Origanum vulgare L. Hirtum essential oil on the oxidation stability of raw chicken meat. Oregano essential oil was applied in a different way, on the one hand in a feed for broiler chickens (E1) and on the other hand on a surface of chicken thighs (E2). Broiler chickens were fed during the experimental period in the all groups with commercial feed mixtures except the experimental group of E1 (with the addition of 0.05% oregano essential oil, 50 g EO per 100 g of the feed mixture). In E2 was application of oregano essential oil (0.5%) on surface of thighs 1 mL per 60 g of meat realized. The oxidative stability of the chicken meat was investigated in the same way, 8th days after vacuum-packed and stored at temperature 4 °C and 6, 9 and 12 months after vacuum-packed and storage at -18 °C. The samples of the E1 consisted of breast and thigh muscles with skin (150 g) and of the E2 thigh muscle with skin (60 g). The impact of oregano essential oil was measured by content of fat and peroxide value (PV). Fat content in both experiments was not affected by storage time and EO addition. Content of chicken meat fat in E1 in control group ranged between M = 9.64 – 12.95 g.100 g-1 and in experimental group contained similar amount of fat mean from M = 9.94 – 12.24 g.100 g-1; E2: in control group M = 7.01 – 7.73 g.100 g-1 and in experimental group M = 6.15 – 8.03 g.100 g-1. Measured peroxide values confirm that oregano essential oil has effect on broiler chicken meat oxidative stability, if applied to feed, manifested statistically significant differences between control and experimental group. The mean of peroxide value in control group of E1 was M = 0.58 –3.60 µmol O2.kg-1 and in experimental group was M = 1.06 – 2.11 µmol O2.kg-1. We found not statistically significant difference in peroxide values, if applied oregano essential oil to raw chicken meat. The results impact of oregano essential oil on chicken meat comparable to control group, but a tendency to improve oxidative stability was indicated.
Technological research to produce standard concentrate from iron ore containing sulfur
Authors: N Sugir-Erdene , D Baasanjav , B Orgilbayar , S Sukhbat , B Nyamdavaa , Ch Maamkhuu , D Badam , E Otgonjargal 
Published: May 2019

Experimental studies were carried out in order to extract and obtain iron ore with low sulfur content that meets the standard requirements of metallurgical raw materials by enriching the Magnetite ore of the Tumurtei deposit by electromagnetic gyratory separator in dry, wet and with the flotation method. Primary ores were conducted -3 mm crushed , the dry magnetic enrichment procedure of coil was at 2.5A, and the roller was 125 round/min velocity, Also the appropriate technological procedures of extracting standard concentrates were determined when the wet magnetic processing procedure was conducted and the current of coil was at 5-25A, and the grinding period was 10-60 minutes, or when the classification content of -0.074 mm were 50-85 percent and the extracted concentrate was completed by flotation method. It was identified that high purity iron concentrate that meets the metallurgical requirements can be extracted by reducing sulfur which is a toxic mixture by dry and wet magnetic enrichment procedures and the combined flotation scheme.
Хүхэр агуулсан төмрийн хүдрээс стандартын баяжмал гарган авах технологийн судалгаа
Хураангуй: Төмөртэйн ордын магнетитын хүдрийг хуурай, нойтон соронзон болон флотацийн аргаар баяжуулж, металлургийн үйлдвэрийн түүхий эдийн стандартын шаардлага хангасан хүхрийн агуулга багатай төмрийн баяжмал гарган авлаа. Анхдагч хүдрийг (-3 мм) ширхэглэлтэйгээр бутлан хуурай соронзон баяжуулалтыг гүйдлийн хүч 2.5 A, булны эргэлтийн хурд 125 эрг/мин, нойтон соронзон баяжуулалтыг нунтаглалтын хугацаа 10-60 мин, гүйдлийн хүч 5-25 A, 0.074 мм-ийн ангилал 50-85% агуулсан стандарт баяжмал гарган авах технологийн зохистой горимуудыг тогтоож гарсан баяжмалыг флотацийн аргаар гүйцээн баяжуулав. Туршилт судалгааны үр дүнд 42.03%-ийн төмөр, 2.87%-ийн хүхэр агуулсан анхдагч хүдрээс 68%-ийн төмөр, 0.2%-ийн хүхэр агуулсан, 90.89%-ийн металл авалттай төмрийн баяжмалыг гарган авав. Иймд хуурай, нойтон соронзон баяжуулалт, флотацийн хосолсон схемээр төмрийн хүдрийн хорт хольц болох хүхрийг бууруулснаар цаашид металлургийн үйлдвэрийн шаардлага хангасан өндөр цэвэршилтэй төмрийн баяжмалыг ялган авах боломжтой юм.
Түлхүүр үг: магнетит, төмрийн баяжмал, хүхэр, баяжуулалт, флотаци
Phytochemical study of Jurinea mongolica Maxim
Authors: M Dumaa , Gruner Margit , Tilo Luebkim , T Solongo , G Chunsriimyatav , Knolker Hans-Jaochim 
Published: May 2019

There are hispidulin, quercetin-3-О-rutinoside, lupeol, taraxasterol, β-sitosterolwere isolated from the ethylacetate, n-buthanol and petroleum ether fractions of the aerial parts of Jurinea mongolica Maxim. grown in Mongolia. Molecular structures of these compounds were elucidated by using TLC, CC, IR, Mass spectrometer and 1H, 13C and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY, NOESY) methods. All of these compounds were isolated from the Mongolian J. mongolica for the first time.
Монгол чоногоно (Jurinea mongolica Maxim.) ургамлын фитохимийн судалгаа
Манай орны унаган ургамалд багтдаг Монгол чоногоно (Jurinea mongolica Maxim.) ургамлын газрын дээд хэсгийн этилацетат, н-бутанол, петролейний эфирийн фракцаас гиспидулин, кверцетин-3-О-рутинозид, тараксастерол, лупеол, β-ситостерол бодисыг химийн цэвэр төлөв байдлаар ялгав. Тэдгээр бодисын молекулын бүтэц байгууламжийг НУТ, масс спектрометр, хроматомасс спектроскоп, 1Н ПСР, 13С болон хоѐр хэмжээст ЦСР-ын спектроскопын аргаар таньж тодорхойлов. Судалгааны дүнд 2 фенолт нэгдэл, 2 тритерпен, 1 стеролын төрлийн бодисыг энэ зүйл ургамлаас анх удаа олсон нь шинжлэх ухааны шинэ мэдээлэл болов.
Түлхүүр үгс: Монгол чоногоно, Нийлмэл цэцэгтэн, фенолт нэгдэл, тритерпен, стерол
Chemistry technology research to produce meat enriched with biologically active carbohydrates
Authors: Kh Badamtsetseg , B Munkhjargal 
Published: May 2019

Brewery’s spent grain is the main by-product of the brewing industry. The effects of replacing fat with arabinoxylan fraction of BSG for physicochemical, textural properties and sensory evaluations of reduced-fat sausages are evaluated. Control was prepared with 15% fat, and three reduced-fat sausages were formulated with 5, 10 and 15% arabinoxylan fraction (T1 sausage with 5% of arabinoxylan fraction + 10% of fat, T2 sausage with 10% of arabinoxylan fraction + 5% of fat and T3 sausage with 15% of arabinoxylan fraction + 0% of fat). With increasing arabinoxylan fraction content in the sausage, the fat content and food calories are decreased in reduced-fat sausages.
Биологийн идэвхт нүүрсусаар баяжуулсан махан хүнс гарган авах хими-технологийн судалгаа
Хураангуй: Пивоны шаар нь шар айрагны үйлдвэрийн гол дайвар бүтээгдэхүүн юм. Пивоны шаар нь арабиноксиланаар баялаг бөгөөд шүлтийн хандлалтаар гарган авч бүтээгдэхүүнд нэмж туршилтын үр дүнг харьцуулан гаргасан. Зайдасны 4 дээж бэлдсэн. Хяналт (пивоны шаар/арабиноксилан 0%, гахайн өөх 15%), Д1 (пивоны шаар/арабиноксилан 5%, гахайн өөх 10% нэмсэн), Д2 (пивоны шаар/арабиноксилан 10%, гахайн өөх 5%), Д3 (пивоны шаар/арабиноксилан 15%, гахайн өөх 0%). Зайдсанд гахайн өөхийг багасгаж шаараар орлуулснаар тослогийн агууламж, илчлэг чанар буурсан.
Түлхүүр үгс: пивоны шаар, арабиноксилан, тослогийн агууламж
Technical contribution: a cautionary note on the use of behavioural diversity (H-Index) in animal welfare science
Authors: Cronin KA , Ross SR 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnimal welfare scientists actively seek reliable and practical metrics that can serve as indicators of animal welfare for use with agricultural, laboratory and zoo-housed animals. Behavioural diversity as a welfare concept originated from early welfare scientists linking poor animal welfare with a high proportion of time spent engaged in stereotyped behaviours and little expression of behaviours that would be expected under wild, or natural conditions. Recently, the concept of behavioural diversity as a welfare indicator has been widely adopted and is frequently quantified by the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H-index). However, the H-Index is fraught with theoretical and mathematical limitations when applied to animal welfare. Four key problems with this metric are demonstrated: the metric's responsivity to the size of the behavioural repertoire and the underlying assumption that larger behavioural repertoires reflect better welfare, the sensitivity of the metric to arbitrary decisions about the resolution of behavioural categories, the fact that the calculation of the metric is agnostic to the valence of behaviours, and the metric's susceptibility to the common practice of excluding some behavioural categories. Moving forward, we recommend focusing on validated welfare measures that are sensitive to valence when evaluating animal welfare.
Farm manager involvement in an equine on-farm welfare assessment: opportunities for education and improvement
Authors: DuBois C , DeVries TJ , Haley DB , Lawlis P , Merkies K 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious work surveying equine professionals has suggested ignorance to be a primary cause of poor welfare within the industry, highlighting the importance of improving educational opportunities for industry stakeholders. This may be achieved through on-farm assessments designed to evaluate facilities and share resources with farm owners. While used extensively for evaluating production animal facilities, equine facilities are rarely formally assessed, making it important to determine how well those assessments would be received by equine owners and managers. As part of a larger project, an on-farm equine welfare assessment tool was pilot-tested on a sample of diverse horse farms (n = 26). Farm managers completed a self-assessment to determine their perception of their own farms with respect to animal welfare and then participated in the on-farm assessment process. Post-assessment interviews allowed participants to provide feedback regarding their experience. Farm managers most often underestimated the prevalence of structural issues in their facilities but were more discerning in management-related elements (eg stall cleanliness). Descriptive analysis indicated that farm managers felt that the on-farm assessment tool had the potential to be useful to newcomers to the industry and for a certification programme. Participants also highlighted areas that could make enforcing welfare standards an issue, such as horse and farm ownership. Understanding the perception of on-farm assessments is useful to gauge the potential success of animal care assessment programmes. If well-received, an industry-driven, on-farm welfare assessment has the potential to better educate horse farm managers and, by extension, improve the welfare of the animals under their care.
In-tank underwater cameras can refine monitoring of laboratory fish
Authors: Ellis T , Rimmer GSE , Parker S-J , Joiner C , Sebire M , Verner-Jeffreys DW , Lines J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLaboratory animals need to be monitored to check the status of their health and welfare. Routine checks of laboratory fish are limited to visual observations of physical appearance and behaviour, but for species held in opaque-walled tanks, such checks are compromised by restricted views, poor visibility and provoked behaviour. Here, we report our experience of using in-tank underwater cameras to monitor laboratory populations of salmoniforme, perciforme and cypriniforme fish. A range of cameras and lenses were investigated and trialled. A standard VGA resolution analogue camera with a one-third-inch chip and 3.6-mm lens was selected based on size, picture quality, the proportion of tank in view and cost. A shell for the camera and mounting system were designed to minimise size and cleaning and enable flexible positioning within tanks. Cameras were connected via digital encoders to a server, making video available to the general computer network. Data collected from recordings of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) confirmed provoked behaviour, ie a change in distribution and increase in activity in response to direct viewing and feeding. The networked cameras therefore enable remote viewing of undisturbed behaviour in real time, providing clear, lateral views unaffected by water surface effects, and facilitate increased frequency of checking. Case studies illustrate how camera monitoring can aid detection of abnormalities in behaviour (eg lack of feeding, posture, swimming) and appearance (eg clinical signs, such as lesions), enabling earlier interventions. Furthermore, recordings provide a resource for reference and retrospective analysis, and evidence to support severity classification and identify humane end-points.
Evidence for a non-linear carbon accumulation pattern along an Alpine glacier retreat chronosequence in Northern Italy
Authors: Montagnani Leonardo , Badraghi Aysan , Speak Andrew Francis , Wellstein Camilla , Borruso Luigimaria , Zerbe Stefan , Zanotelli Damiano 
Published: May 2019

Background. The glaciers in the Alps, as in other high mountain ranges and boreal zones, are generally retreating and leaving a wide surface of bare ground free from ice cover. This early stage soil is then colonized by microbes and vegetation in a process of primary succession. It is rarely experimentally examined whether this colonization process is linear or not at the ecosystem scale. Thus, to improve our understanding of the variables involved in the carbon accumulation in the different stages of primary succession, we conducted this research in three transects on the Matsch glacier forefield (Alps, N Italy) at an altitude between 2350 and 2800 m a.s.l.
Methods. In three field campaigns (July, August and September 2014) a closed transparent chamber was used to quantify the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) between the natural vegetation and the atmosphere. On the five plots established in each of the three transects, shading nets were used to determine ecosystem response function to variable light conditions. Ecosystem respiration (Reco) and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE) was partitioned from NEE. Following the final flux measurements, biometric sampling was conducted to establish soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content and the biomass components for each transect.
Results. A clear difference was found between the earlier and the later successional stage. The older successional stages in the lower altitudes acted as a stronger C sink, where NEE, GEE, and Reco were significantly higher than in the earlier successional stage. Of the two lower transects, the sink capacity of intermediate-succession plots exceeded that of the plots of older formation, in spite of the more developed soil. Total biomass (above- and belowground) approached its maximum value in the intermediate ecosystem. Whilst, the later stage of succession predominated in the corresponding belowground organic mass (biomass, N and C).
Outlook. We found that the process of carbon accumulation along a glacier retreat chronosequence is not linear, and after a quite rapid increase in carbon accumulation capacity in the first 150 years, in average 9 g C m-2 y-1, it slows down, taking place mainly in the belowground biomass components. Concurrently, the photosynthetic capacity peaks in the intermediate stage of ecosystem development. If confirmed by further studies on a larger scale, this study would provide evidence for a predominant effect of plant physiology over soil physical characteristics in the green-up phase after glacier retreat, which has to be taken into account in the creation of scenarios related to climate change and future land use.
Biomaterials research of China from 2013 to 2017 based on bibliometrics and visualization analysis
Authors: Hou Dandan , Bi Xuewei , Mao Zhinan , Fan Yubo , Hu Xiangming , Li Xiaoming 
Published: May 2019

Objectives
This study aims to evaluate the changes of development trends and research hotspots of biomaterials research from 2013 to 2017, which can identify the general information of papers and explore the changes of research content, thus providing perspectives for the development of biomaterials in China and other countries.

Methods
Data of the paper were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, and then analyzed by the bibliometric and CiteSpace visualization analysis.

Results
It was found that a total of 3,839 related papers had been published from the year 2013 to 2017. The analysis of the articles showed that the annual quantity and quality of the articles in the biomaterials research have been increasing since 2013, and the Wang L / Chinese Academy of Sciences were the most productive author/institution. Meanwhile, the keywords “in vitro”, “scaffold”, “nanoparticle” , “mechanical property”, and “biocompatibility” have the relatively higher frequency, and the keywords “apatite”, “deposition”, and “surface modification” have the strongest burst citation.

Conclusions
After statistics and analysis, we found that biomaterials is a promising research field. The study may be helpful in understanding research trends in this field.