bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Augmented-Reality-Based Surgical Navigation System for Spine Surgery in a Hybrid Operating Room: Design, Workflow, and Clinical Applications
Authors: Edström Erik , Burström Gustav , Nachabe Rami , Gerdhem Paul , Elmi Terander Adrian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Treatment of several spine disorders requires placement of pedicle screws. Detailed 3-dimensional (3D) anatomic information facilitates this process and improves accuracy.

OBJECTIVE
To present a workflow for a novel augmented-reality-based surgical navigation (ARSN) system installed in a hybrid operating room for anatomy visualization and instrument guidance during pedicle screw placement.

METHODS
The workflow includes surgical exposure, imaging, automatic creation of a 3D model, and pedicle screw path planning for instrument guidance during surgery as well as the actual screw placement, spinal fixation, and wound closure and intraoperative verification of the treatment results. Special focus was given to process integration and minimization of overhead time. Efforts were made to manage staff radiation exposure avoiding the need for lead aprons. Time was kept throughout the procedure and subdivided to reflect key steps. The navigation workflow was validated in a trial with 20 cases requiring pedicle screw placement (13/20 scoliosis).

RESULTS
Navigated interventions were performed with a median total time of 379 min per procedure (range 232-548 min for 4-24 implanted pedicle screws).
The total procedure time was subdivided into surgical exposure (28%), cone beam computed tomography imaging and 3D segmentation (2%), software planning (6%), navigated surgery for screw placement (17%) and non-navigated instrumentation, wound closure, etc (47%).

CONCLUSION
Intraoperative imaging and preparation for surgical navigation totaled 8% of the surgical time. Consequently, ARSN can routinely be used to perform highly accurate surgery potentially decreasing the risk for complications and revision surgery while minimizing radiation exposure to the staff.
The Impact of Critical Incidents and Workload on Functioning in the Private Life of Police Officers: Does Weakened Mental Health Act as a Mediator?
Authors: (Heilwine) Bakker A H M , (Marc) Van Veldhoven M J P M , (Anthony) Gaillard A W K , (Margot) Feenstra M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study examined the disintegrating effects of critical incidents (Cri) and workload (WL) on the mental health status (MHS) and private life tasks of 166 police officers. In addition, it investigated whether diminished MHS mediated the impact of Cri and WL on private life tasks. This mediation effect was based on the work–home resources model of Brummelhuis and Bakker (2012). The respondents were police officers functioning in the front line, experiencing Cri and working in urban areas. We investigated the effects on the following five private life tasks: ‘social life, maintaining mental health, household and finance, giving meaning, and maintaining positivity’. The results showed that Cri only had a negative effect on ‘maintaining positivity’. Respondents reporting more Cri had a lower MHS, which in turn had a direct effect on the functioning in all private life tasks except ‘social life’. When mediated by MHS, Cri were associated with less effective functioning in all private life tasks except for ‘social life’. Thus, the effects of Cri on functioning in private life tasks (except social life) were larger for respondents with a low MHS. The largest effects were found for ‘maintaining mental health (MMH) and maintaining positivity’. In the WL model, no significant indirect effects were found on life tasks.
LOCALIZATION OF IONIZING RADIATION SOURCES VIA AN AUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC SYSTEM
Authors: Lazna Tomas , Fisera Ota , Kares Jaroslav , Zalud Ludek 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article discusses an autonomous and flexible robotic system for radiation monitoring. The detection part of the system comprises two NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors: one of these is collimated to allow directionally sensitive measurements and the other is used to calculate the dose rate and provides sufficient sensitivity. Special algorithms for autonomous operation of an unmanned ground vehicle were developed, utilizing radiation characteristics acquired by the implemented detection system. The system was designed to operate in three modes: radiation mapping, localization of discrete sources and inspection of a region of interest. All of the modes were verified experimentally. In the localization mode, the time required to localize ionizing radiation sources was reduced by half compared to the field mapping mode exploiting parallel trajectories; the localization accuracy remained the same. In the inspection mode, the desired functionality was achieved, and the changes in the sources arrangement were detected reliably in the experiments.
Transition of Substance-Induced, Brief, and Atypical Psychoses to Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Murrie Benjamin , Lappin Julia , Large Matthew , Sara Grant 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Some people who experience substance-induced psychosis later develop an enduring psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia. This study examines the proportion of people with substance-induced psychoses who transition to schizophrenia, compares this to other brief and atypical psychoses, and examines moderators of this risk. A search of MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Embase identified 50 eligible studies, providing 79 estimates of transition to schizophrenia among 40 783 people, including 25 studies providing 43 substance-specific estimates in 34 244 people. The pooled proportion of transition from substance-induced psychosis to schizophrenia was 25% (95% CI 18%–35%), compared with 36% (95% CI 30%–43%) for brief, atypical and not otherwise specified psychoses. Type of substance was the primary predictor of transition from drug-induced psychosis to schizophrenia, with highest rates associated with cannabis (6 studies, 34%, CI 25%–46%), hallucinogens (3 studies, 26%, CI 14%–43%) and amphetamines (5 studies, 22%, CI 14%–34%). Lower rates were reported for opioid (12%), alcohol (10%) and sedative (9%) induced psychoses. Transition rates were slightly lower in older cohorts but were not affected by sex, country of the study, hospital or community location, urban or rural setting, diagnostic methods, or duration of follow-up. Substance-induced psychoses associated with cannabis, hallucinogens, and amphetamines have a substantial risk of transition to schizophrenia and should be a focus for assertive psychiatric intervention.
FNTC (UK) Limited and BBCB Limited v Page and others
Authors: Rimmer John 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Trusts are often used in commercial and property contexts, offering flexibility and overcoming technical difficulties with complex ownership. Holiday timeshare schemes have used trusts for many years, but little analysis appears to have been made of the use of trusts in their structures—timeshare buyers will not generally instruct lawyers to scrutinise their purchase. When they are analysed, surprisingly, different views can be taken of the most fundamental aspects of them. If documents do not anticipate mishaps, difficult questions arise about where losses lie. An assumption that trust property will bear all expenses and liabilities falling on a structure may be ill-founded. Even where those acting on behalf of timeshare club members have made the same wrong assumptions, they may not be prevented from denying that the members are, in fact, liable at all.
Unforeseen diversity of quails (Galliformes: Phasianidae: Coturnix) in oceanic islands provided by the fossil record of Macaronesia
Authors: Rando Juan C , Alcover Josep A , Pieper Harald , Olson Storrs L , Hernández C Nayra , López-Jurado L Felipe 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The original bird fauna of most oceanic islands has been affected by recent extinction processes associated with human arrival and its subsequent impacts. In the volcanic Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands and Cape Verde), in the North Atlantic, the Late Quaternary fossil record indicates that there was formerly a higher avian diversity, including a high number of now extinct endemic species. This assemblage of extinct birds includes endemic insular quails (Galliformes: Phasianidae). In this study, we describe three newly discovered extinct species of quails, two of which inhabited the archipelago of Madeira (Coturnix lignorum sp. nov. from Madeira Island and Coturnix alabrevis sp. nov. from Porto Santo Island) and one from Cape Verde (Coturnix centensis sp. nov.). The fossil record also indicates the presence of additional species of extinct endemic quails on other Macaronesian islands. These birds plus the extinct Canary Island quail (Coturnix gomerae) indicate a high former endemic diversity of this genus in Macaronesia, a feature unique among oceanic archipelagos. Anatomical traits show that the new taxa were flightless ground dwellers, making them vulnerable to human interference, with their extinction being linked to human arrival and subsequent habitat alterations and the introduction of invasive species.
Intravenous Propofol Versus Volatile Anesthetics For Stroke Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Diprose William K. , Wang Michael T.M. , Campbell Doug , Sutcliffe James A. , McFetridge Andrew , Chiou Daniel , Lai Joshua , Barber P. Alan 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The choice of anesthetic technique for ischemic stroke patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy is controversial. Intravenous propofol and volatile inhalational general anesthetic agents have differing effects on cerebral hemodynamics, which may affect ischemic brain tissue and clinical outcome. We compared outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy with general anesthesia who were treated with propofol or volatile agents.

Methods:
Consecutive endovascular thrombectomy patients treated using general anesthesia were identified from our prospective database. Baseline patient characteristics, anesthetic agent, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Functional independence at 3 months was defined as a modified Rankin Scale of 0 to 2.

Results:
There were 313 patients (182 [58.1%] men; mean±SD age, 64.7±15.9 y; 257 [82%] anterior circulation), of whom 254 (81%) received volatile inhalational (desflurane or sevoflurane), and 59 (19%) received intravenous propofol general anesthesia. Patients with propofol anesthesia had more ischemic heart disease, higher baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, more basilar artery occlusion, and were less likely to be treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that propofol anesthesia was associated with improved functional independence at 3 months (odds ratio=2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-6.22; P=0.03) and a nonsignificant trend toward reduced 3-month mortality (odds ratio=0.37; 95% CI, 0.12-1.10; P=0.07).

Conclusion:
In stroke patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy treated using general anesthesia, there may be a differential effect between intravenous propofol and volatile inhalational agents. These results should be considered hypothesis-generating and be tested in future randomized controlled trials.
Rapid Recovery With Plasma Exchange in Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy With Reversible Conduction Failure
Authors: Burford Matthew , Chou Chris A. , Sommerville Richard B. , Bucelli Robert C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Characterization of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) subtypes has become increasingly complicated with the recognition of paranodal dysfunction and reversible conduction failure (RCF) in acute motor axonal neuropathy. We describe 2 cases of seronegative acute motor axonal neuropathy with RCF with a rapid onset of severe quadriplegia. Treatment with plasma exchange was associated with rapid clinical and electrophysiological response on serial examinations. Increased recognition of RCF may lead to improved characterization of GBS subtypes and may play a role in determining future treatment options in GBS.
Cannabis Legalization in Canada: The Public Health Approach We Did Not Get
Authors: DeVillaer Michael 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The reader will understand the successes and shortfalls of the government's stated intention to take “a public health approach” to cannabis legalization.

Method:
Aspects of a public health approach to cannabis legalization were identified from the drug policy literature and from advice provided to government by health policy organizations. These aspects were compared to the output of federal legislation to identify successes and shortfalls.

Results:
Public health input had some influence on legislation. However, the legislation compromised a public health approach on critical issues such as industry models, minimum age for use, product promotion practices, product types, consumer protection, and holding industry accountable to regulatory provisions.

Conclusions:
Cannabis legalization can be improved to better reflect a public health priority. Given that legalization will be a process and not a solitary event, this article will be relevant to

Objectifs:
Le lecteur comprendra les succès et les faiblesses de l’intention déclarée du gouvernement d’adopter une «approche de santé publique» en matière de légalisation du cannabis.

Méthode:
Les aspects d’une approche de santé publique en matière de légalisation du cannabis ont été identifiés à partir de la littérature sur les politiques en matière de drogue et des conseils fournis au gouvernement par les organisations responsables des politiques de santé. Ces aspects ont été comparés aux résultats de la législation fédérale pour identifier les succès et les lacunes.

Résultats:
L’apport de la santé publique a eu une influence sur la législation. Cependant, la législation compromettait une approche de santé publique sur des questions critiques telles que les modèles industriels, l’âge minimum d’utilisation, les pratiques de promotion des produits, les types de produits, la protection des consommateurs et la responsabilisation de l’industrie vis-à-vis des dispositions réglementaires.

Conclusions:
La légalisation du cannabis peut être améliorée pour mieux refléter une priorité de santé publique. Étant donné que la légalisation sera un processus et non un événement isolé, cet article sera pertinent pour: les fournisseurs de soins de santé et les autorités de santé publique qui souhaitent plaider auprès des divers ordres de gouvernement afin d’atténuer les méfaits, et auditoires internationaux observant l’expérience canadienne.
Early Gross Motor Development Among Brazilian Children with Microcephaly Born Right After Zika Virus Infection Outbreak
Authors: A. Ventura Paloma , C. Lage Maria-Lúcia , L. de Carvalho Alessandra , S. Fernandes Adriana , B. Taguchi Tânia , Nascimento-Carvalho Cristiana M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To assess the gross motor development of children with presumed congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection over the first 2 years of their lives.

Methods:
Seventy-seven children were assessed at the median ages of 11, 18, and 24 months, using the evaluative instrument Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66). At the third assessment, the children with diagnoses of cerebral palsy (CP) were classified by severity through the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and stratified by topography indicating the predominantly affected limbs. With these instruments in combination and using the motor development curves as reference, the rate of development and functional ability were estimated.

Results:
At 2 years of age, all children had the diagnosis of CP. Seventy-four (96.1%) presented gross motor skills similar to those of children aged 4 months or younger, according to the World Health Organization's standard. The GMFM-66 median score among the 73 (94.8%) children with quadriplegia and GMFCS level V showed significant change between 11 and 18 months (p < 0.001) and between 11 and 24 months (p < 0.001). No significant difference (p = 0.076) was found between 18 and 24 months.

Conclusion:
Despite showing some gross motor progress during the initial 18 months of life, these children with presumed congenital ZIKV infection and CP experienced severe motor impairment by 2 years of age. According to the motor development curves, these children with quadriplegia have probably already reached about 90% of their motor development potential.
Salpingectomy to reduce risk of ovarian cancer in women at average risk
Authors: Arruda Jaime 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a common gynecologic malignancy with a poor prognosis and a lack of screening for women at average risk. Focus has therefore shifted toward strategies for risk-reducing surgery to prevent the development of ovarian cancer. This Practice Pearl describes the evidence supporting opportunistic salpingectomy at the time of hysterectomy or tubal sterilization as a strategy to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, the risks and benefits associated with the procedure, and the methods used.
REGIONAL DENSITIES OF RETINAL CAPILLARIES AND RETINAL SENSITIVITIES AFTER MACULAR HOLE SURGERY WITH INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING
Authors: Baba Takayuki , Kakisu Masato , Nizawa Tomohiro , Oshitari Toshiyuki , Yamamoto Shuichi 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
To measure the vascular density (VD) of the retinal capillary plexuses by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) after surgery for an idiopathic macular hole.

Methods:
Retrospective, observational case series.Sixteen eyes of 16 patients with an idiopathic macular hole underwent vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling. The VDs of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were determined by OCTA, and the retinal sensitivity (RS) and the inner retinal thickness (IRT) were measured before, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after the surgery. The VD, RS, and IRT were measured at the four parafoveal quadrants.

Results:
The mean age was 68.9 years. The VDs of the SCP and DCP were significantly correlated with the RS and IRT at 12 months postoperatively (all P < 0.001 for both SCP and DCP). The VDs of the SCP and DCP were higher, the RS more sensitive, and the IRT thicker in the nasal than the temporal quadrant at 12 months (P < 0.001, <0.001, =0.009, <0.001, respectively).

Conclusion:
The significant correlation between the VDs of the SCP and DCP and the RS and IRT may be due to the nasal shift of the posterior retina.
SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF MYOPIC TRACTION MACULOPATHY ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION FOR MYOPIC MACULOPATHY
Authors: Lee Kyung Sik , Lee Jihei Sara , Koh Hyoung Jun 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
To compare treatment results of myopic traction maculopathy according to the international photographic classification for myopic maculopathy.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, single-surgeon–based, observational case series of 35 consecutive eyes that underwent vitrectomy for myopic traction maculopathy. Eyes were classified into nonpathologic myopia (PM) (n = 15) and PM (n = 20) groups. Main outcome measures constituted best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and anatomical change.

Results:
The mean follow-up was 32.03 ± 6.85 months. Axial length correlated with myopic maculopathy category (rho = 0.6836, P < 0.001). In the total group, BCVA improved from 20/61 to 20/36 (P = 0.001). In the subgroup, BCVA improved from 20/41 to 20/22 in the non-PM group (P = 0.002), whereas from 20/82 to 20/52 in the PM group (P = 0.048). Postoperative BCVA of the PM group was inferior to that of the non-PM group (P = 0.002) and the PM group was more likely to have postoperative BCVA <20/30 (odds ratio, 17.3; 95% CI, 2.6–325.0; P = 0.012). Two cases of macular hole retinal detachment occurred after surgery in the PM group.

Conclusion:
Because there are limited benefits of vitrectomy in myopic traction maculopathy accompanied by PM, careful consideration would be necessary when determining surgery. Optical coherence tomography should not be used alone in determining vitrectomy because myopic traction maculopathy can also have PM defined mainly by fundus photographs.
SUCCESSFUL SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MACULA-INVOLVING DEGENERATIVE RETINOSCHISIS BY VITRECTOMY AND DRAINAGE OF THE SCHISIS CAVITY
Authors: Desjarlais Eric B. , Garza Philip S. , Johnson Mark W. , Jayasundera Thiran 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
To demonstrate the potential for visual recovery after surgery for early foveal involvement by progressive degenerative retinoschisis.

Methods:
Surgical case report.

Results:
A 79-year-old woman was monitored over 4 years for degenerative retinoschisis in the inferotemporal periphery of both eyes. Over the course of follow-up, visual acuity in the left eye decreased from 20/40 to 20/100, concurrent with extension of the schisis cavity into the macula. Macular involvement was confirmed on optical coherence tomography imaging, and there was no rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The patient elected to undergo 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy and drainage of the schisis cavity. Eleven weeks after surgery, the macula remained attached, and the uncorrected visual acuity was 20/30. Fundus examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography confirmed ongoing resolution of the macula-involving retinoschisis.

Conclusion:
Bullous degenerative retinoschisis is believed to result in an absolute scotoma that is not surgically correctable. Our patient's excellent visual recovery suggests that the synaptic integrity of the macular outer plexiform layer can be preserved and a permanent scotoma avoided if early macular involvement by progressive degenerative retinoschisis is surgically repaired.
Influence of Corneal Topographic Parameters in the Decentration of Orthokeratology
Authors: Gu Tianpu , Gong Boteng , Lu Daqian , Lin Weiping , Li Na , He Qing , Wei Ruihua 
Published: August 2019

Objective:To investigate the lens decentration (LD) of orthokeratology (ortho-k) and the association between pretreatment corneal topographic parameters and LD of the ortho-k.Methods:Fifty right eyes of 50 myopes wearing ortho-k lenses were included in the prospective study. Corneal topography was conducted pretreatment to get topographic corneal parameters, including flat-K (K1); steep-K (K2); corneal astigmatism (CA), CA at 0 to 3 mm (3 mm-CA), 3 to 5 mm (5 mm-CA), 5 to 7 mm (7 mm-CA); surface asymmetry index (SAI); surface regularity index; the curvature of best-fit sphere; the diameter of cornea (DC); the distance from the corneal center to the corneal vertex (CCCV); flat eccentricity (E1), steep eccentricity (E2), and E1/E2(E ratio); and the corneal curvature differences between the nasal and temporal quadrants at 0 to 3 mm (3 mm-Knt), and the corneal curvature differences between the superior and inferior quadrants at 0 to 3 mm (3 mm-Ksi), 5 mm-Knt(at 3–5 mm), 5 mm-Ksi(at 3–5 mm), 7 mm-Knt(at 5–7 mm), and 7 mm-Ksi(at 5–7 mm). The relationship between these cornea topographic parameters and LD of the ortho-k was tested using stepwise multiple linear regression models.Results:The mean magnitude of LD was 0.51±0.23 mm (0.06–1.03 mm). According to the stepwise analysis, 4 factors were associated with the overall LD (P<0.01): SAI (β=0.252), CCCV (β=0.539), 5 mm-CA (β=−0.268), and 3 mm-Ksi(β=−0.374); 5 factors were associated with the horizontal LD (P<0.01): DC (β=0.205), CCCV (β=0.881), 3 mm-CA (β=−0.217), 5 mm-Knt(β=0.15), and 3 mm-Ksi(β=−0.18); and 3 factors were associated with the vertical LD (P<0.01): SAI (β=0.542), 5 mm-CA (β=−0.188), and 3 mm-Ksi(β=−0.213).Conclusion:Lens decentration is most common, but in most cases, the amount of LD is moderate and acceptable. The magnitude of LD can be predetermined by topographic corneal parameters. Surface asymmetry index, CCCV, 5 mm-Knt, and 3 mm-Ksimay be more preferable parameters in terms of the assessment of LD of ortho-k.