bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lubricant compatibility of FKM seals in synthetic oils
Authors: Bulut Dilek , Krups Tatjana , Poll Gerhard , Giese Ulrich 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Elastomer seals are used in many applications. They are exposed to lubricants and additives at elevated temperatures, as well as mechanical stresses. They can only provide good sealing function when they have resistance to those factors. There are many elastomer-lubricant compatibility tests based on DIN ISO 1817 in industry. However, they are insufficient and costly. Correlations between the tests and the applications are inadequate. The purpose of this study is investigating lubricant compatibility of fluoroelastomers (FKM) seals in polyethylene-glycol (PG)- and polyalphaolefin (PAO)- based synthetic oils and developing a methodology to predict seal service life.

Design/methodology/approach
A new compatibility test which is more sufficient in terms of time and cost was developed and compared with a standard test, currently used in industry. Compatibility of FKM radial lip seals with PG- and PAO-based synthetic oils with different additives was investigated chemically and dynamically. Failure mechanisms were examined.

Findings
The new method and the Freudenberg Flender Test FB 73 11 008 showed similar results concerning damages and similar tendencies regarding wear. The additive imidazole derivative was the most critical. Static tests give indications of possible chemically active additives, but alone they are insufficient to simulate the dynamic applications.

Originality/value
The paper describes a new method to investigate elastomer-lubricant compatibility and gives first results with a variety of lubricants.
Preload effects on the static characteristics of three-lobe journal bearings lubricated with a couple stress fluid
Authors: Chetti Boualem , Crosby Wael Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the effect of the preload on the static characteristics of three-lobe bearings lubricated with a fluid blended with high polymer additives modeled as a couple stress fluid.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the micro-continuum theory, the modified Reynolds equation for couple stress fluids is solved using a finite difference method to obtain the distribution of the pressure, the load-carrying capacity, the attitude angle, the friction coefficient and the side leakage for various values of the couple stress parameter and the preload factor.

Findings
The results show that the presence of a couple stress in the lubricants improves the static characteristics of this type of bearing compared to those lubricated with Newtonian fluids for any value of the preload factor. Thus, it is found that the preload significantly affects the performance of the three-lobe journal bearing lubricated with a couple stress fluid or a Newtonian fluid. Moreover, the investigation showed that increasing the preload factor exhibits an increase in the load carrying capacity and the attitude angle, but it decreases the friction coefficient and the side leakage especially at a lower preload factor. Furthermore, using a couple stress fluid and a higher preload factor led to a significant rise in the load carrying capacity and a significant reduction in the friction coefficient.

Practical implications
This study helped improve the performance characteristics of the three-lobe journal bearing.

Originality/value
The presence of couple stress in the lubricants improves the static characteristics of this type of bearing compared to those lubricated with Newtonian fluids for any value of the preload factor. The usage of the couple stress fluid and the higher preload factor led to a significant rise in the load carrying capacity and a significant reduction in the friction coefficient.
Consumer response to negative celebrity publicity: the effects of moral reasoning strategies and fan identification
Authors: Wang Sai , Kim Ki Joon 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
In the context of celebrity endorsement, this study aims to demonstrate that the ways in which consumers adopt moral reasoning strategies (i.e. rationalization, decoupling and coupling) are largely dependent on the severity (i.e. high vs low) of celebrity transgressions and the degree to which they personally identify with the celebrity.

Design/methodology/approach
A between-subjects online experiment (N = 144) with two conditions, representing high- and low-severity celebrity transgressions, was conducted. Participants’ attitudes toward the celebrity and endorsed brand, their purchase intention for the endorsed product and the degrees to which they identified with the celebrity and adopted the three types of moral reasoning strategies were assessed.

Findings
The rationalization and decoupling strategies mediate the effects of highly negative information about a celebrity on consumer attitudes toward the celebrity and endorsed brand as well as on purchase intention for the endorsed product. In addition, consumers who identify strongly as fans of the celebrity in question are more likely to activate rationalization and decoupling strategies to process and evaluate transgressive behaviors than those with weaker fan identification.

Originality/value
By exploring the ways in which moral reasoning and fan identification work in processing negative information, this study provides insights into the psychological process through which negative news coverage of a celebrity endorser influences consumer attitudes and purchase intention.
Hygro-thermally induced stress intensity factor of an edge crack piezo laminated composite plate
Authors: Lal Achchhe , Jain Khushbu 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate hygro-thermo-mechanically induced normalized stress intensity factor (NSIF) of an edge crack symmetric angle-ply piezo laminated composite plate (PLCP) using displacement correlation method.

Design/methodology/approach
In the present work, the governing equations are solved through conventional finite element method combined with higher order shear deformation plate theory utilizing the micromechanical approach.

Findings
The effects of crack length, the thickness of the plate and piezoelectric layer, stacking sequences, fiber volume fraction, position of piezoelectric layer, change in moisture and temperature, and voltage on the NSIF are examined. The numerical results are presented in the form of a table for the better understanding and accuracy. The present outlined approach is validated with results available in the literature. These results can become a benchmark for future studies.

Research limitations/implications
The mathematical models theoretically have been developed by considering different parameters. The results are generated using MATLAB 2015 software developed by the authors’ side.

Originality/value
The fracture analysis of a single edge crack PLCP with the effect of a piezoelectric layer at the different location of cracked structures, plate thickness, and actuator voltage and hygro-thermo loading is the novelty of research for health monitoring and high-performance analysis.
Trait sensitivities to seagrass fragmentation across spatial scales shape benthic community structure
Authors: Yeager Lauren A. , Geyer Julie K. , Fodrie Fredrick Joel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The structure of local ecological communities is thought to be determined by a series of hierarchical abiotic and biotic filters which select for or against species based on their traits. Many human impacts, like fragmentation, serve to alter environmental conditions across a range of spatial scales and may impact trait–environment interactions.

We examined the effects of environmental variation associated with habitat fragmentation of seagrass habitat measured from microhabitat to landscape scales in controlling the taxonomic and trait‐based community structure of benthic fauna.

We measured patterns in species abundance and biomass of seagrass epifauna and infauna sampled using sediment cores from 86 sites (across 21 meadows) in Back Sound, North Carolina, USA. We related local faunal community structure to environmental variation measured at three spatial scales (microhabitat, patch and landscape). Additionally, we tested the value of species traits in predicting species‐specific responses to habitat fragmentation across scales.

While univariate measures of faunal communities (i.e. total density, biomass and species richness) were positively related to microhabitat‐scale seagrass biomass only, overall community structure was predicted by environmental variation at the microhabitat, patch (i.e. patch size) and landscape (i.e. number of patches, landscape seagrass area) scales. Furthermore, fourth‐corner analysis revealed that species traits explained as much variation in organismal densities as species identity. For example, species with planktonic‐dispersing larvae and deposit‐feeding trophic modes were more abundant in contiguous, high seagrass cover landscapes while suspension feeders favoured more fragmented landscapes.

We present quantitative evidence supporting hierarchal models of community assembly which predict that interactions between species traits and environmental variation across scales ultimately drive local community composition. Variable responses of individual traits to multiple environmental variables suggest that community assembly processes that act on species via traits related to dispersal, mobility and trophic mode will be altered under habitat fragmentation. Additionally, with increasing global temperatures, the tropical seagrass Halodule wrightii is predicted to replace the temperate Zostera marina as the dominate seagrass in our study region, therefore potentially favouring species with planktonic‐dispersing larva and weakening the strength of environmental control on community assembly.
Th17 cells in glaucoma patients promote Ig production in IL‐17A and IL‐21‐dependent manner
Authors: Ren Yongbo , Qi Yanxiu , Su Xingjie 
Published: July 2019

SummaryElevated expression of autoantibodies is a hallmark of immune dysregulation in glaucoma and may cause retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and immune‐mediated nerve damage, thus contributing to the development of blindness. The cause of autoantibody upregulation remains unclear. Th17 cells are shown to promote autoimmunity and Ig production. Here, we demonstrate that the serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐17A and IL‐21 are comparable between glaucoma patients and non‐glaucoma controls. However, the levels of Th17‐promoting cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) IL‐6, are higher in glaucoma patients than in controls. Subsequently, we demonstrate that glaucoma patients present upregulated levels of Th17 cells that are quiescent directly ex vivo. Interestingly, compared to the Th17 cells from non‐glaucoma subjects, the Th17 cells from glaucoma patients present similar IL‐17A production capacity but significantly higher IL‐21 production capacity. Given that IL‐21 is also described as a specific cytokine of follicular helper T cells, the Ig production by B cells following co‐incubation with circulating Th17 cells is investigated. Th17 cells from glaucoma patients present significantly enhanced potential to promote Ig production than the Th17 cells from controls. Both glaucoma patient Th17 cells and control Th17 cells require IL‐17A and IL‐21 for Ig production. Overall, results from this study suggest that Th17 cells from glaucoma patients present elevated capacity to stimulate Ig production.
Oral delivery of pancreatitis‐associated protein by Lactococcus lactis displays protective effects in dinitro‐benzenesulfonic‐acid‐induced colitis model and is able to modulate the composition of the microbiota
Authors: Breyner Natalia M. , Vilas Boas Priscilla Bagano , Fernandes Gabriel , de Carvalho Rodrigo D. , Rochat Tatiana , Michel Marie‐Laure , Chain Florian , Sokol Harry , de Azevedo Marcela , Myioshi Anderson , Azevedo Vasco A. , Langella Philippe , Bermúdez‐Humarán Luis G. , Chatel Jean‐Marc 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAntimicrobial peptides secreted by intestinal immune and epithelial cells are important effectors of innate immunity. They play an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by limiting microbial epithelium interactions and preventing unnecessary microbe‐driven inflammation. Pancreatitis‐associated protein (PAP) belongs to Regenerating islet‐derived III proteins family and is a C‐type (Ca+2 dependent) lectin. PAP protein plays a protective effect presenting anti‐inflammatory properties able to reduce the severity of colitis, preserving gut barrier and epithelial inflammation. Here, we sought to determine whether PAP delivered at intestinal lumen by recombinant Lactococcus lactis strain (LL‐PAP) before and after chemically induced colitis is able to reduce the severity in two models of colitis. After construction and characterization of our recombinant strains, we tested their effects in dinitro‐benzenesulfonic‐acid (DNBS) and Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model. After the DNBS challenge, mice treated with LL‐PAP presented less severe colitis compared with PBS and LL‐empty‐treated mice groups. After the DSS challenge, no protective effects of LL‐PAP could be detected. We determined that after 5 days administration, LL‐PAP increase butyrate producer's bacteria, especially Eubacterium plexicaudatum. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that a treatment with LL‐PAP shifts the microbiota preventing the severity of colon inflammation in DNBS colitis model. These protective roles of LL‐PAP in DNBS colitis model might be through intestinal microbiota modulation.
Dynamics of the Pacific oyster pathobiota during mortality episodes in Europe assessed by 16S rRNA gene profiling and a new target enrichment next‐generation sequencing strategy
Authors: Lasa Aide , di Cesare Andrea , Tassistro Giovanni , Borello Alessio , Gualdi Stefano , Furones Dolors , Carrasco Noelia , Cheslett Deborah , Brechon Amanda , Paillard Christine , Bidault Adeline , Pernet Fabrice , Canesi Laura , Edomi Paolo , Pallavicini Alberto , Pruzzo Carla , Vezzulli Luigi 
Published: July 2019

SummaryInfectious agents such as the bacteria Vibrio aestuarianus or Ostreid herpesvirus 1 have been repeatedly associated with dramatic disease outbreaks of Crassostrea gigas beds in Europe. Beside roles played by these pathogens, microbial infections in C. gigas may derive from the contribution of a larger number of microorganisms than previously thought, according to an emerging view supporting the polymicrobial nature of bivalve diseases. In this study, the microbial communities associated with a large number of C. gigas samples collected during recurrent mortality episodes at different European sites were investigated by real‐time PCR and 16SrRNA gene‐based microbial profiling. A new target enrichment next‐generation sequencing protocol for selective capturing of 884 phylogenetic and virulence markers of the potential microbial pathogenic community in oyster tissue was developed allowing high taxonomic resolution analysis of the bivalve pathobiota. Comparative analysis of contrasting C. gigas samples conducted using these methods revealed that oyster experiencing mortality outbreaks displayed signs of microbiota disruption associated with the presence of previously undetected potential pathogenic microbial species mostly belonging to genus Vibrio and Arcobacter. The role of these species and their consortia should be targeted by future studies aiming to shed light on mechanisms underlying polymicrobial infections in C. gigas.
The hologenome concept of evolution: do mothers matter most?
Authors: Rosenberg E , Zilber‐Rosenberg I 
Published: July 2019

The hologenome concept of evolution is discussed, with special emphasis placed upon the microbiome of women. The microbiome is dynamic, changing under different conditions, and differs between women and men. Genetic variation occurs not only in the host, but also in the microbiome by the acquisition of novel microbes, the amplification of specific microbes, and horizontal gene transfer. The majority of unique genes in human holobionts are found in microbiomes, and mothers are responsible for transferring most of these to their offspring during birth, breastfeeding, and physical contact. Thus, mothers are likely to be the primary providers of the majority of genetic information to offspring via mitochondria and the microbiome.Tweetable abstractMicrobiomes differ between women and men. Most genes in humans are in the microbiome. Mothers transfer most of these genes to offspring.
Are Currently Used Bioimpedance Methods in Hemodialysis Comparable for Calculating Dialysis Dose?
Authors: Arias‐Guillén Marta , Masso Elisabet , Gomez Miquel , Rodas Lida , Broseta Jose , Vera Manel , Rios Jose , Fontseré Néstor , Maduell Francisco 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBioelectrical impedance analysis has increasingly been incorporated into hemodialysis units (HD) as a useful, noninvasive technique for evaluating overall fluid status. The aims of this study were to verify whether the information obtained from two different bioelectrical impedance analysis methods (spectroscopy bioimpedance [BCM] and single‐frequency bioelectric impedance vector analysis [SF‐BIVA]) was comparable for analyzing fluid status, and to determine their impact when used to calculate dialysis dose. This observational cross‐sectional study included 78 HD patients who underwent one measurement with BCM and one with SF‐BIVA in the same dialysis session. For calculating the dialysis dose, total body water or urea distribution volume (V) was calculated by the Watson formula and compared with the V obtained from the two devices. The difference in V between the two devices was 5.4 L (P < 0.001). Given the existent correlation between VBCM and VSF‐BIVA, we were able to apply a formula (corrected V = VSF‐BIVA = 1.04 × VBCM + 4.85, r = 0.93), allowing comparison of the two bioimpedance methods. The mean dialysis dose for BCM device (KtID/VBCM) was 2.49 ± 0.85, much higher than KtID/VSF‐BIVA (2.06 ± 0.72) mainly due to the V obtained with the different devices, with KtID/VWatson being 2.03 ± 0.67. The results on volume distribution showed an acceptable correlation but the devices were not comparable due to intermethod differences observed. Dialysis centers using SF‐BIVA will obtain much lower dialysis dose, but by applying our formula, the Kt/V would resemble that obtained by the BCM device.
Integrating three comprehensive data sets shows that mitochondrial DNA variation is linked to species traits and paleogeographic events in European butterflies
Authors: Dapporto Leonardo , Cini Alessandro , Vodă Raluca , Dincă Vlad , Wiemers Martin , Menchetti Mattia , Magini Giulia , Talavera Gerard , Shreeve Tim , Bonelli Simona , Casacci Luca Pietro , Balletto Emilio , Scalercio Stefano , Vila Roger 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of biodiversity, including the spatial distribution of genetic diversity, is critical for predicting responses to environmental changes, as well as for effective conservation measures. This task requires tracking changes in biodiversity at large spatial scales and correlating with species functional traits. We provide three comprehensive resources to understand the determinants for mitochondrial DNA differentiation represented by (a) 15,609 COI sequences and (b) 14 traits belonging to 307 butterfly species occurring in Western‐Central Europe and (c) the first multi‐locus phylogenetic tree of all European butterfly species. By applying phylogenetic regressions we show that mitochondrial DNA spatial differentiation (as measured with GST, G′ST, D and DST) is negatively correlated with species traits determining dispersal capability and colonization ability. Thanks to the high spatial resolution of the COI data, we also provide the first zoogeographic regionalization maps based on intraspecific genetic variation. The overall pattern obtained by averaging the spatial differentiation of all Western‐Central European butterflies shows that the paradigm of long‐term glacial isolation followed by rapid pulses of post‐glacial expansion has been a pervasive phenomenon in European butterflies. The results and the extensive data sets we provide here constitute the basis for genetically‐informed conservation plans for a charismatic group in a continent where flying insects are under alarming decline.
De novo assembly of a chromosome‐level reference genome of red‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) using nanopore sequencing and Hi‐C
Authors: Ge Hui , Lin Kebing , Shen Mi , Wu Shuiqing , Wang Yilei , Zhang Ziping , Wang Zhiyong , Zhang Yong , Huang Zhen , Zhou Chen , Lin Qi , Wu Jianshao , Liu Lei , Hu Jiang , Huang Zhongchi , Zheng Leyun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe red‐spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara (E. akaara) is one of the most economically important marine fish in China, Japan and South‐East Asia and is a threatened species. The species is also considered a good model for studies of sex inversion, development, genetic diversity and immunity. Despite its importance, molecular resources for E. akaara remain limited and no reference genome has been published to date. In this study, we constructed a chromosome‐level reference genome of E. akaara by taking advantage of long‐read single‐molecule sequencing and de novo assembly by Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) and Hi‐C. A red‐spotted grouper genome of 1.135 Gb was assembled from a total of 106.29 Gb polished Nanopore sequence (GridION, ONT), equivalent to 96‐fold genome coverage. The assembled genome represents 96.8% completeness (BUSCO) with a contig N50 length of 5.25 Mb and a longest contig of 25.75 Mb. The contigs were clustered and ordered onto 24 pseudochromosomes covering approximately 95.55% of the genome assembly with Hi‐C data, with a scaffold N50 length of 46.03 Mb. The genome contained 43.02% repeat sequences and 5,480 noncoding RNAs. Furthermore, combined with several RNA‐seq data sets, 23,808 (99.5%) genes were functionally annotated from a total of 23,923 predicted protein‐coding sequences. The high‐quality chromosome‐level reference genome of E. akaara was assembled for the first time and will be a valuable resource for molecular breeding and functional genomics studies of red‐spotted grouper in the future.