bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory syncytial virus burden in children under 2 years old in understudied areas worldwide: gap analysis of available evidence, 2012–2022
Authors: Sini de Almeida Rodrigo , Leite João , Atwell Jessica E. , Elsobky Malak , LaRotta Jorge , Mousa Mostafa , Thakkar Karan , Fletcher Mark A. 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundWe evaluated published evidence (2012–2022) on pediatric RSV burden in 149 countries within World Health Organization (WHO) regions of Africa (AFRO), Americas (AMRO, excluding Canada and the USA), Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), Europe (EURO, excluding European Union countries and the UK), Southeast Asia (SEARO), and Western Pacific (WPRO, excluding Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand, and South Korea).MethodsGap analysis on RSV-associated disease (hospitalizations, hospital course, mortality or case fatality, detection, and incidence) in children ≤2 years old, where hospitalization rates, hospital course, mortality rate, case fatality rate (CFR), and postmortem detection rates were summarized, by region, for each country.ResultsForty-two publications were identified covering 19% of included countries in AFRO, 18% in AMRO, 14% in EMRO, 15% in EURO, 18% in SEARO, and 13% in WPRO. Methods, case definitions, and age groups varied widely across studies. Of these 42 publications, 25 countries reported hospitalization rate, hospital course, mortality rate, CFR, and/or postmortem detection rate. RSV hospitalization rate (per 1,000 children per year/child-years) was higher among ≤3-month-olds (range, 38 in Nicaragua to 138 in the Philippines) and ≤6-month-olds (range, 2.6 in Singapore to 70 in South Africa) than in 1–2-year-olds (from 0.7 in Guatemala to 19 in Nicaragua). Based on 11 studies, in AFRO (South Africa), AMRO (Chile and Mexico), EMRO (Lebanon and Jordan), EURO (Israel and Turkey), and SEARO (India), hospitalized children ≤2 years old remained hospitalized for 3–8 days, with 9%–30% requiring intensive care and 4%–26% needing mechanical ventilation. Based on a study in India, community-based CFR was considerably higher than that in the hospital (9.1% vs. 0% in ≤3-month-olds; 7.1% vs. 2.8% in ≤6-month-olds).ConclusionsNational and regional heterogeneity of evidence limits estimates of RSV burden in ≤2-year-olds in many WHO region countries, where further country-specific epidemiology is needed to guide prioritization, implementation, and impact assessment of RSV prevention strategies.
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on immunity reconstitution among pediatric patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu LiPeng , Zhang Luyang , Shang Yue , Chen Xia , Ren Yuanyuan , Liu Fang , An Wenbin , Wan Yang , Li Xiaolan , Yang Wenyu , Zhu Xiaofan , Guo Ye 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundImmunity reconstitution (IR) is crucial for pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on lymphocyte subsets post-transplant remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed immune cell dynamics in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsWe enrolled 42 children, including 21 post-HSCT SARS-CoV-2 infected and 21 matched, non-infected historical controls (1:1 matching based on propensity scores). The time from HSCT to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the infected group was determined by the beginning of follow-up for the non-infected group. The primary endpoint was 270-day IR kinetics post-infection.ResultsOur findings showed similar recovery trends between the infected group and non-infected group both in UCB and HID recipients. In the UCB cohort, the NK cell reconstitution in the infected group was poorer compared to the non-infected group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.178). Furthermore, HID transplantation might be a trend towards poor CD19+ T-cell reconstitution [hazard ratio (HR): 0.43, 95% CI: 0.18–1.04, p = 0.06]. No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of secondary infections across the UCB (P = 0.150) and HID (P = 0.980) cohorts as well as there was no discernible difference in overall survival between the two groups (P = 1).ConclusionsOur analysis reveals that SARS-CoV-2 might temporarily impaired the IR process in the short term, with recovery to a comparable trend as observed in non-infected patients approximately 9 months post-infection.
Chrysophanol attenuates cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress by TLR4/NFκB-Nrf2/HO-1 and BDNF/VEGF signaling in stress-intensified PTZ induced epilepsy in mice
Authors: Khan Jehan Zeb , Zainab Syeda Rida , Rehman Mujeeb Ur , Abid Muhammad , Shah Fawad Ali , Rehman Najeeb Ur , Tipu Muhammad Khalid 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundStress is among the most common comorbid conditions with epilepsy and a strong factor in the pathophysiology of seizures. An imbalance in neuronal circuits causes recurrent unprovoked seizures in epilepsy. Dysregulation of BDNF/VEGF expression, oxidative stress, increased levels of neuroinflammatory cytokines, and increased expression of apoptotic genes contribute to the underlying cause of the seizure.ObjectivesChrysophanol, an anthraquinone, has broad-spectrum therapeutic potential. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of chrysophanol with underlying pathways in PTZ-induced epilepsy with stress as a comorbid condition.MethodsMale mice were given 35 mg/kg of PTZ every other day to induce seizures. In addition, they were exposed to 120 min of daily restraint stress for 21 days to induce stress. Chrysophanol (0.1, 1, 10 mg/kg) was administered to the mice 30 min before the PTZ in the acute study. The most effective dose (10 mg/kg) was proceeded for the chronic epilepsy model. Following this, various tests were conducted, including behavioral assessments for memory impairment and stress, analysis of antioxidant levels, histopathological and immunohistochemistry examinations, measurement of cortisol levels using ELISA, and gene expression analysis using RT-PCR.ResultsChrysophanol demonstrated a notable decrease in both the intensity and frequency of seizures. Additionally, it effectively boosted the levels of important antioxidants such as GSH, GST, and CAT, while simultaneously reducing the levels of MDA and Nitric oxide. The histopathological analysis also showed improvement in overall morphology and survival of neurons. Chrysophanol treatment effectively showed an increase in the expression of BCL-2, and Nrf-2 with a decrease in BAX expression confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Dysregulation of vascular permeability factor, production of inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic gene expression was successfully reversed after chrysophanol treatment analyzed through RT-PCR. Cortisol concentration was decreased in treatment groups analyzed through Enzyme-linked immunoassay. Molecular docking of chrysophanol with different proteins declared the binding affinity of the ligands with the target sites of proteins.ConclusionIn conclusion, chrysophanol demonstrated remarkable neuroprotective and antiepileptic effects at a dose of 10 mg/kg in stress-exacerbated PTZ-induced epilepsy following the TLR4/NFκB -Nrf2/HO-1 and BDNF/VEGF pathways.
Factors influencing intrapatient variability of tacrolimus and its association with 1-year post-transplant outcomes in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Fang Chuxuan , Dong Chunqiang , Huang Kaiyong , Wen Ningyu , Chen Yiyu , Tang Shuangyi 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the factors influencing tacrolimus intrapatient variability (TAC-IPV) and its association with 1-year post-transplant outcomes in pediatric liver transplant recipients.MethodsClinical and biological data of pediatric patients after liver transplantation were collected. The patients were divided into high- and low-IPV groups according to the median TAC-IPV for statistical comparisons. Factors with p &lt; 0.05 in univariate analysis were introduced into binomial logistic regression analysis. Correlation analysis was used to test the connections between the Tac-IPV and outcomes within 1 year after liver transplantation (LT), and Kaplan–Meier was used to draw the survival curves.ResultsA total of 116 children underwent 746 measurements of TAC trough concentrations. The median TAC-IPV was 32.31% (20.81%, 46.77%). Hematocrit (p = 0.017) and concomitant medications (p = 0.001) were identified as independent influencing factors for TAC-IPV. The incidence of transplant rejection (p = 0.008), CMV infection (p &lt; 0.001), and hospital admission due to infection (p = 0.003) were significantly higher in the high-IPV group than in the low-IPV group. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis suggests that after considering the time factor, high IPV (IPV &gt; 32.31%) was still significantly associated with transplant rejection (HR = 3.17 and p = 0.005) and CMV infection (HR = 2.3 and p &lt; 0.001) within 1 year after LT.ConclusionThe study highlights the significant variation in TAC-IPV among children post-liver transplantation, emphasizing the impact of hematocrit levels and concomitant medications on TAC-IPV. Elevated TAC-IPV is associated with increased risks of transplant rejection, CMV infection, and readmission due to infection in the first year after liver transplantation. Close monitoring of patients with high TAC-IPV is recommended to promptly detect adverse reactions and provide timely intervention and treatment.
Drug-induced hearing disorders: a disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database
Authors: Li Baojian , Hu Xiaoling , Yue Zichen 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundTo evaluate and identify reports of adverse events related to hearing impairment with drugs approved in the past 20 years, to identify new adverse reaction signals related to hearing impairment that have not yet been reported, and to improve the safety of drug treatments.MethodsThe adverse event report data from the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2023 were retrieved. “Hearing disorders” was used as the keyword to screen for drugs related to the adverse event. After standardizing the drug name and the adverse drug event name, the adverse event reports with hearing disorders as the main suspect were collected, and the proportional imbalance algorithm was used to detect the potential adverse event signals to drug-related hearing impairment.ResultsThe top five drugs with the highest number of reported adverse events to hearing impairment were sacubitril/valsartan (2,674), adalimumab (2,479), etanercept (1,834), tofacitinib (1,812), and apixaban (1,600). Except for adalimumab, the risk of hearing impairment is not mentioned in the instructions. The top five drugs for new signal strength are pancuronium (n = 13, ROR 67.57, PRR 53.61, IC5.74, EBGM 53.06), paromomycin (n = 6, ROR 46.3, PRR 39.33, IC5.30, EBGM 39.33), tafamidis (n = 300, ROR 14.90, PRR 14.13, IC3.82, EBGM 14.07), vildagliptin/metformin (n = 83, ROR 11.47, PRR 11.02, IC3.46, EBGM 11.01), and atorvastatin calcium/ezetimibe (n = 6, ROR 10.76, PRR 10.36, IC3.37, EBGM 10.36).ConclusionOur study covered 20 years of real-world data on reports of adverse events related to hearing impairment in the FAERS database, validating previous reports and studies, as well as identifying drugs that signal new adverse events of hearing impairment, especially some drugs commonly used for the treatment of chronic diseases (a combination of hypoglycemic drugs, antihypertensive drugs, and lipid modulators) and some new drugs in the 5-year post-market period.
Factors influencing utilization of healthcare services for internal migrant older adults in Xuzhou, China: based on Anderson’s model
Authors: Li Guiyuan , Qi Zijian , Yu Wenxin , Wang Qingzhi , Hou Hao , Miao Chunxia , Yan Wenjun , Gao Xiuyin 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundAs population migration increases and the aging process accelerates, the number of migrant older adults is growing significantly. This trend presents a substantial challenge to urban health services in regions experiencing an influx of older adults individuals. Consequently, examining the healthcare service utilization of the migrant older adults population is crucial to promote healthy aging.MethodsA multi-stage random sampling method was employed to select a study population of 568 migrant older adults individuals, aged 60 years and above, residing in urban Xuzhou City. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, based on Anderson’s model, was conducted to explore the factors influencing outpatient and inpatient health service utilization among this population.ResultsAmong the 568 migrants, 73 (12.9%) had received outpatient services within the past 2 weeks, while 109 (19.2%) had received inpatient services within the past year. Migrant older adults with education level, time to health centers, and self-assessed health status negatively influenced the outpatient services utilization among migrant older adults. Possession of pension insurance, convenience to visit, sick for the past 2 weeks, and health services need positively influenced the outpatient services utilization among migrant older adults. Furthermore, age, possession of pension insurance and health insurance, convenience to visit, number of chronic diseases, sick for the past 2 weeks, and healthcare service need positively influenced inpatient service utilization among migrant older adults. Education level, self-assessed health status, and time to health centers negatively influenced the inpatient services utilization among migrant older adults.ConclusionThe overall utilization of healthcare services by migrant older adults in Xuzhou remains inadequate. Addressing this issue requires enhanced medical policy support and assistance, stronger health education initiatives, and improved social integration for the older adults. Additionally, efforts should be made to reduce their financial burdens and improve the accessibility of healthcare services.
Social distancing mediates clinical work and depression: impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses
Authors: Chen Shu-Chen , Lee Tony Szu-Hsien , Chao En 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe psychological well-being of nurses, during the COVID-19 pandemic has become a critical area of concern. This study examines the psychological impact of the pandemic on nurses, focusing on the mediating role of perceived social distance between work units and depression.MethodsThis study employed a cross-sectional design with respondent driven sampling. Anonymous questionnaire consisting of demographics, perceived social distancing and depression were distributed through email, Facebook, LINE, and other online platforms by key informants of nurses. A total of 1,064 volunteered questionnaires were collected, consisting of 1,032 females and 32 males.ResultsData showed that 517 (48.9%) nurses may have depression. Results from the structure equation modeling indicated that perception of social distancing mediates between individuals in units of care and depression, while unit and tenure of nursing work were negatively associated with depression.ConclusionThe study findings support that perceived social distancing due to COVID-19 pandemic from others toward nurses may have influential impact on elevated depression, especially for nurses worked in the acute critical care. Thus, emotional support should be emphasized, and avenues for stress relief should be provided as well as creating a supportive workplace environment is crucial to nurses and patient safety.
Exploring trust dynamics in health information systems: the impact of patients’ health conditions on information source preferences
Authors: Song Mingming , Elson Joel , Nguyen Tin , Obasi Sharon , Pintar John , Bastola Dhundy 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionHealth information systems (HISs) should provide accessible and high-quality information to patients. However, the challenge lies in understanding patients’ trust preferences for health information. This study explores how different information sources (e.g., online platforms, interpersonal sources) are trusted under varying health conditions, focusing on symptom intensity and disease type.MethodsUsing a 2 × 2 × 4 between-subject design, 243 participants from a US college were presented with vignettes of acute or chronic diseases with varying symptom intensities and information sources. Participants rated their trust levels, including both cognitive and behavioral trust, in the health information and recommendations provided by one of the information sources, which was randomly assigned. Logistic regression and ANOVA were employed for the statistical analysis.ResultsThe analysis results revealed that trust is generally higher for interpersonal sources like doctors and family/friends compared to online sources like WebMD and Wikipedia when patients are making health decisions. Doctors are the most trusted source during health-related decision making. However, there are no significant differences in cognitive trust among interpersonal sources or among online sources. Furthermore, symptom intensity and disease type did not significantly alter trust levels across various information sources. These findings suggest that people prefer professional medical advice regardless of their health conditions.DiscussionThe study highlights the need for HIS to incorporate features that provide “doctor-verified” information and promote interactive engagement to enhance patients’ trust in information source. Additionally, it distinguishes between cognitive and behavioral trust, revealing distinct trust patterns that can inform the strategic development of HIS for varied health conditions. Understanding these trust dynamics can inform the design of effective, patient-centered HIS that better support health education, information seeking, and decision-making.
Diffusion-weighted MRI in the identification of renal parenchymal involvement in children with a first episode of febrile urinary tract infection
Authors: Anfigeno Lorenzo , La Valle Alberto , Castagnola Elio , Verrina Enrico Eugenio , Piaggio Giorgio , Degl'Innocenti Maria Ludovica , Piccotti Emanuela , Wolfler Andrea , Lembo Francesca Maria , Bodria Monica , Formigoni Clelia , Boetto Alice , Santini Lucia , Damasio Maria Beatrice 
Published: November 2024

AimsThis study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) and determine the inter-reader agreement between two expert radiologists in detecting pyelonephritic foci during the initial episode of febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) in children aged 0–5 years. Also, we aim to establish the correlation between clinical data and DW-MRI findings.MethodsChildren aged 0–5 years presenting with their first episode of fUTI were included in the study and underwent DW-MRI and Ultrasound (US) examinations within 72 h of admission. Inter-observer agreement between the two expert radiologists in assessing DW-MRI scans was evaluated using Cohen's kappa statistic. Clinical and laboratory data were subjected to statistical analysis.Results84 children (40 male, 44 female) with a mean age of 7.3 (SD 6.2) months were enrolled. DW-MRI detected pyelonephritis in 78 out of 84 cases (92.9%), with multiple foci observed in 73 out of 78 cases (93.6%). There was a “substantial” level of agreement between the two expert radiologists (κ = 0.725; observed agreement 95.2%). Renal US revealed pyelonephritis in 36 out of 78 cases (46.2%). White blood cell (WBC) count (p = 0.04) and lymphocyte count (p = 0.01) were significantly higher in patients with positive DW-MRI. Although not statistically significant, patients with positive DW-MRI had higher mean values of C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin, and neutrophil WBC count (7.72 mg/dl, 4.25 ng/dl, and 9,271 /μl, respectively).ConclusionsDW-MRI exhibited excellent diagnostic performance in detecting pyelonephritic foci, with substantial inter-reader agreement among expert radiologists, indicating the reliability of the technique. However, a weak correlation was observed between laboratory parameters and DW-MRI results, potentially because of the low rate of negative DW-MRI findings.
Building trust in long-term care settings using assistive technology: a systematic review
Authors: Zheng Kangjie , Han Fred , Yang Siyu , Li Nanxin 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThis review investigates the dynamics of trust between caregivers and care receivers in long-term care settings, where the implementation of assistive technology also becomes chronically crucial. Trust is essential in the care receiver-caregiver relationship as it impacts the effectiveness of care and the care receiver's participation in treatment. Moreover, integrating assistive technology significantly affects the quality of care by increasing care receivers' autonomy and reducing caregivers' workload. Despite its significance, the mechanisms of trust involving assistive technology in long-term care have not been clarified.MethodsTo address this gap, this review systematically analyzed 32 articles published in English since 2,000, sourced from Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases.ResultsThe review identified the dynamics of trust in long-term care settings involving assistive technology. Based on this trust dynamics, three critical factors were analyzed: care receiver-related, caregiver-related, and assistive technology-related.DiscussionThe findings provide a detailed understanding of the factors affecting trust in long-term care settings involving assistive technology. These insights contribute to long-term care facility operators making informed decisions regarding technology adoption in care practice and care service strategies, ultimately enhancing trust and the quality of care in long-term care settings.
Performance evaluation and finite element modeling of heat, mass, and fluid flow inside a hybrid solar dryer during drying of paddy grains
Authors: Jha Aprajeeta , Tripathy P. P. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionA comprehensive assessment of a photovoltaic (PV) integrated hybrid solar dryer (HSD) for drying paddy was undertaken in the present investigation. Performance evaluation of the system along with finite element model of HSD at no-load and load conditions were successfully developed.MethodsA three-dimensional PV aided hybrid solar dryer assembly model was created in indoor simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.3 a. Solidworks 16 was used to build the dryer’s collector, drying chamber, chimney, and thin food grain layer.Mesh refinement tests verified the mesh size independence of the panel temperature forecast finite element model.Results and DiscussionCollector efficiency ranged from 49.24% to 81.19% and peaked at 750 W/m2 thermal intensity. System evaporation ranged from 0.25 to 0.39 kg/h. We also compared HSD, tray dryer (TD), and mixed-mode solar dryer (MMSD) system efficiency, specific energy consumption (SEC), and specific moisture extraction rate (SMER). HSD SEC values were 72% and 46% lower than TD and MMSD. HSD, MMSD, and TD had SMER values of 0.27, 0.15, and 0.08 kg/kWh. HSD dried paddy samples 36.36% and 84.61% faster than TD and MMSD. Hybrid solar dryers saved 33% and 50% more time than mixed mode and tray dryers, respectively. Simulations of the collector and chamber air distribution profiles showed a dead zone where air velocity drops below 0.5 m/s. I must note that the model accurately predicted the dryer’s temperature, wetness, and air dispersion pattern at load and no-load. PV-assisted HSD is suitable for sustainable food grain drying, according to this study.