bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineered Microbes to Sense and Respond to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Bete A. , Carter J. , Davis C. , Dong J. , Herrmann M. , Jesse H. , McDonald D. , Menart P. , Poole A. , Smith A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEvery year, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), the most common form of traveler’s diarrhea, affects thousands of military personnel deployed overseas. The goal of this research was to engineer non-pathogenic E. coli to sense ETEC, respond to its presence, and package the non-pathogenic E. coli in a cellulose matrix to enable environmental detection of ETEC. Two plasmids were created: ‘sense-respond’; and ‘packaging’. The sense-respond plasmid detected autoinducer 2 (AI-2), a quorum sensing molecule created by most ETEC strains, by expressing LsrR which switches on the Lsr promoter. Activation of the Lsr promoter expresses superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP), indicating the presence of ETEC. The packaging plasmid expresses a fusion protein consisting of curli fibers and cellulose binding domains. These modified surface proteins permit the bacteria to bind to cellulose, encapsulating the sense-response module. This genetically engineered machine could be deployed in both the internal and external environment to detect ETEC.
Does Compliance Pay? Social Standards and Firm‐Level Trade
Authors: Distelhorst Greg , Locke Richard M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhat is the relationship between trade and social institutions in the developing world? The research literature is conflicted: Importing firms may demand that trading partners observe higher labor and environmental standards, or they may penalize higher standards that raise costs. This study uses new data on retailers and manufacturers to analyze how firm‐level trade responds to information about social standards. Contrary to the “race to the bottom” hypothesis, it finds that retail importers reward exporters for complying with social standards. In difference‐in‐differences estimates from over 2,000 manufacturing establishments in 36 countries, achieving compliance is associated with a 4% [1%, 7%] average increase in annual purchasing. The effect is driven largely by the apparel industry—a long‐term target of anti‐sweatshop social movements—suggesting that activist campaigns can shape patterns of global trade.
Doctor Who and the politics of casting
Authors: Jowett Lorna 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article argues that while long-running science fiction series Doctor Who (1963–89, 1996, 2005–present) has started to address a lack of diversity in its casting, there are still significant imbalances. Characters appearing in single episodes are more likely to be colourblind cast than recurring and major characters, particularly the title character. This is problematic for the BBC as a public service broadcaster but is also indicative of larger inequalities in the television industry. Examining various examples of actors cast in Doctor Who, including Pearl Mackie who plays companion Bill Potts, the article argues that while steady progress is being made – in the series and in the industry – colourblind casting often comes into tension with commercial interests and more risk-averse decision-making.
Centros de política y movilización de conocimiento en el campo de la educación en Argentina
Authors: Gorostiaga Jorge M. , Palamidessi Mariano I. , Aberbuj Claudia M. 
Published: June 2018

Este artículo describe los procesos de producción y movilización de conocimiento sobre educación por parte de dos centros de política en la Argentina durante la década de 2000. Se inscribe en las discusiones teóricas sobre el uso de conocimiento en los procesos de generación de políticas públicas y sobre el rol de los think tanks. Los dos casos seleccionados se analizan en relación a la definición de sus agendas temáticas; el financiamiento y la conformación de sus equipos de trabajo; sus estrategias de producción y movilización del conocimiento; y las (dis)continuidades con la acción de centros de política en la década de 1990.
Monitoring Left Atrial Pressure With a Useful Epidural Catheter
Authors: Arnaz Ahmet , Altun Dilek 
Published: June 2018

Background: Left atrial pressure (LAP) monitoring provides a valuable option for management of hemodynamic status in pediatric congenital heart surgery during the postoperative period.Methods: We used a Perifix Soft Tip 701 filter set catheter (B. Braun Melsungen AG 34209 Melsungen, Germany), which is commonly used for continuous epidural anesthesia. The catheter was placed into the left atrium to provide LAP monitoring. The study included 33 children, who needed LAP monitoring during and post-surgery between January 2016 and September 2017. Patients retrospectively were reviewed for ease of catheter placement, effectivity, accurate LAP, postoperative stability, and complications after removal of the catheter, including bleeding, air embolism, or thromboembolic events.Results: Patients ranged in age from 2 days to 131.27 months (Mean 11.80 days ± 25.76 days). Fifteen patients were newborn. Of the newborn patients, 39.4% (N = 13) were female. Catheters successfully were implanted in all patients, and there were no procedural complications. Left atrial catheters were removed between 1 to 12 days, with an average of 3.55 days ± 3.39 days before chest tube removal. During follow-up, patients did not suffer complications, such as thrombus formation, catheter-related infection, systemic embolism or stroke. Also, after the catheter was withdrawn, patients did not suffer from bleeding, haemodynamic deterioration, catheter retention, or require the need for intervention. During the stay in ICU, catheter nonfunction was the most frequent complication at 12.1 percent (N = 4). Conclusion: This is a simple, easy, and safe technique for wide use in congenital cardiac surgery patients.
Physio-chemical investigation and analyses of contaminants in groundwater flow. Case study - Papalanto, Ifo local government area, South - Western Nigeria, Ogun State
Authors: OLORODE Oluwaseun Deborah , ADENEYE Samuel Olaolu , MORAKİNYO Aderonke Deborah , OYENEYİN Opeyemi Aliu , AKPOCHAFOR Michael Onoriode , OMOJOLA Akintayo Daniel 
Published: June 2018

Objectives: Groundwater
is the primary source of drinking water for roughly, a third of the world’s
population, but highly vulnerable to pollution. A thorough research was carried
out to investigate the extent of groundwater contamination on four active
dumpsite and a control point at Papalanto, Abeokuta area, and South-Western
Nigeria. Methods: Domestic wells in the area facilitated the resources
for water chemistry. A total of five groundwater samples were collected from
wells located close to different dumpsite in the study area, to determine the
extent of groundwater contamination. Physio-chemical analysis was carried out
on the five water samples; the basic method adopted in the chemical analysis
includes titrimetric method, atomic absorption spectroscopy and calometric
method. Results: The results showed that water quality parameter like
temperature, pH, taste, odour, total solids, sulphate, copper, iron, zinc, cadmium
and chromium are in appropriate standard prescribed by WHO and NSDWQ. Other
physical parameters like color, turbidity, conductivity, total suspended
solids, total dissolved solid, total hardness, total alkalinity, total acidity,
calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrite, manganese, lead, nickel, nitrate, have
higher values than the authorized standard value, which directly or indirectly
affect the water content found in the area for drinking purpose. These features
could be attributed to the possible activities of contaminants facilitated by
leachate plume from the dumpsite. Conclusions: The
study shows that the regolith aquifer in the area of study is highly vulnerable
to pollution from the refuse dumps. From the geophysical and physio-chemical
analysis carried out, the values of most parameters obtained in the water
samples collected at locations close to the leachate have been confirmed to be
higher than those collected at locations away from the leachate. Hence, the
groundwater near the leachate is confirmed contaminated.
GÖRME ENGELLİ ÇOCUKLARA SAHİP ANNE-BABALARIN KAYGI DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Avşaroğlu Selahattin , Çavdar İsmet 
Published: June 2018

Bu
araştırmada, görme engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin sürekli-durumluk
kaygılarının cinsiyet, eğitim
durumu, yaşadıkları yer, çocuğun başka bir yetersizliği olup olmaması, okul
öncesi eğitime devam etme durumu, Braille Alfabesinin bilip bilinmemesi ve
diğer kardeşlerin engelli olup olmaması değişkenleri arasında farklılaşma
durumları incelenmiştir. Araştırma grubu, 93’ü anne ve 69’u baba olmak üzere
toplam 162 ebeveynden oluşmuştur. Araştırmada veriler, “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, ve
Öner ve Le Compte (1983) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “Durumluk-sürekli Kaygı
Envanteri” ile Konya ili merkez ilçelerinden toplanmıştır. Verilerin test
edilmesi işleminde, değişkenlere bağlı olarak t testi ve tek yönlü varyans
analizi kullanılmıştır. Varyans analizi sonucunda anlamlı çıkan sonuçlar
farklılaşmanın kaynağının belirlenmesinde Tukey testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma
sonucuna göre; cinsiyet, eğitim durumu, başka bir engelin olup olmaması, okul öncesi eğitime devam edip etmemesi,
Braille Alfabesine göre durumluk kaygıda anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Yaşanılan
yer değişkeni, diğer kardeşlerin engelli olup olmaması değişkenlerinde ise
anlamlı farklılıkların olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sürekli kaygı puanlarında ise
eğitim durumu, başka bir engelin olup olmaması, okul öncesi eğitimine devam
edip etmemesi değişkeni, diğer kardeşlerinde engelli olup olmaması değişkenleri
puan ortalamalarında anlamlı farklılıklar çıkmıştır. Cinsiyet ve Braille Alfabesi
değişkenleri puan ortalamalarına göre anlamlı farklılıkların olmadığı görülmüştür.
Early Psychosis Service User Views on Digital Technology: Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Bucci Sandra , Morris Rohan , Berry Katherine , Berry Natalie , Haddock Gillian , Barrowclough Christine , Lewis Shôn , Edge Dawn 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundDigital technology has the potential to improve outcomes for people with psychosis. However, to date, research has largely ignored service user views on digital health interventions (DHIs).ObjectiveThe objective of our study was to explore early psychosis service users’ subjective views on DHIs.MethodsFramework analysis was undertaken with data obtained from 21 semistructured interviews with people registered with early intervention for psychosis services. Robust measures were used to develop a stable framework, including member checking, triangulation, independent verification of themes, and consensus meetings.ResultsThe following 4 themes were established a priori: acceptability of technology in psychosis and mental health; technology increasing access to and augmenting mental health support; barriers to adopting DHIs; and concerns about management of data protection, privacy, risk, and security of information. The following 2 themes were generated a posteriori: blending DHIs with face-to-face treatment and empowerment, control, and choice. DHIs were also viewed as potentially destigmatizing, overcoming barriers faced in traditional service settings, facilitating communication, and empowering service users to take active control of their health care.ConclusionsIn the first study of its kind, early psychosis service users’ were largely positive about the potential use of DHIs supporting and managing mental health. Overall, service users felt that DHIs were a progressive, modern, and relevant platform for health care delivery. Concerns were expressed around privacy and data security and practical barriers inherent within DHIs, all of which require further attention. Future research should explore whether findings transfer to other service user groups, other technology delivery formats, and across a range of treatment modalities.
A relevância do papel da Controladoria Geral do Distrito Federal na disseminação das boas práticas de licitações sustentáveis no âmbito do Governo local
Authors: Santana Rosemeire Rosa , Soares Marcos Eustáquio 
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo é derivado de um diagnóstico da Controladoria Geral do Distrito Federal (CGDF) e tem por objetivo tanto analisar as práticas de licitações sustentáveis executadas por aquele órgão à luz da legislação vigente quanto realizar uma intervenção no governo local com o intuito de promover a implementação de licitações sustentáveis no âmbito de todo o Governo do Distrito Federal, valendo-se do papel fiscalizador da CGDF e colocando-a como disseminadora de uma cultura consumerista responsável por parte da Administração Pública local. Os autores realizaram entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores e colaboradores da CGDF nos meses de março a junho de 2016 e, com base em suas observações de campo, propuseram a elaboração de um Guia Prático de Licitações Sustentáveis e de um Catálogo de Materiais e Serviços Socioambientais, a serem adotados primeiramente como referências para todos os órgãos ao Governo do Distrito Federal, por meio de ações espontâneas de gestores públicos ou por força de Decreto em um momento posterior. This article is derived from a diagnosis of the Controladoria-Geral do Distrito Federal (CGDF) and has the objective of analyzing the sustainable bidding practices executed by that body in light of the current legislation, as well as to carry out an intervention in the local government with the purpose of promoting the implementation of sustainable bids within the entire Federal District Government, using CGDF's supervisory role and placing it as a disseminator of a responsible consumer culture on the part of the local Public Administration. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with CGDF managers and collaborators from March to June 2016 and, based on their field observations, proposed the preparation of a Practical Guide to Sustainable Tenders and a Catalog of Socio-Environmental Materials and Services, the be adopted first as references for all organs to the Government of the Federal District, by means of spontaneous actions of public managers or by virtue of Decree at a later time.
Research on thermal-hydraulic behavior in the spent fuel pool using a full-height experimental facility
Authors: Cao Q. , Lu D. , Wang H. , Han Y. , Zhong Y. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
During accident scenarios the effective cooling of spent fuel directly affects the safety of nuclear power plants. Two experiments were performed in a full-height facility to study the thermal-hydraulic behavior in spent fuel pool. In spent fuel pool boiling experiment, the heat transfer characteristics are related to the flow patterns. However, the flow pattern in narrow and long channel is different from the traditional flow pattern. In the semi-dry of heated rod, wall temperature oscillation occurs for a long time. In the spent fuel pray experiment, the liquid film thickness varies randomly with time and space. As the spray flow density increase, the maximum wall temperature decrease gradually with a certain linear characteristic.
Eine einfache Methode zur Bestimmung von Thrombozytenfaktor 4
Authors: Deutsch E 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird eine einfache quantitative Methode zur Bestimmung von Thrombozytenfaktor 4 angegeben, die die Bestimmung desselben in thrombozytenreichem Plasma ohne vorherige Anreicherung der Thrombozyten ermöglicht.
Studies on the Metabolism of Human Blood Platelets in Relation to Clot Retraction
Authors: Bettex-Galland M , Lüscher E. F 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. The respiratory activity of human blood platelets has been investigated quantitatively. It is not affected by the normal procedures for isolating washed platelets from plasma, nor by the absence of plasma proteins. Optimal synthetic media for platelet respiration are described; they contain EDTA in a suitable buffered system. The addition of thrombin always causes a depression of oxygen uptake. No direct relationship exists between respiratory activity and clot retraction. Respiration may even be inhibited without affecting clot retraction.2. Under the conditions of clot retraction and with glucose present, a remarkable stimulation of the glycolytic activity is observed. This increase in the production of lactic acid and of glucose consumption is of short duration and is followed by a total breakdown of glycolysis. The maximum of glycolytic activity coincides with the onset of clot retraction initiated by the addition thrombin. Inhibition of glycolysis leads to a total suppression of glucose utilisation and to impaired retraction activity.3. In glucose containing systems and with thrombin the ATP-level in platelets closely follows the pattern of glycolytic activity, i.e. a sharp initial rise, followed by a rapid decay of the triphosphate. Without glucose the addition of thrombin to suitably buffered platelets causes a rapid decrease of ATP.4. The retraction activity of the blood platelets is found to be directly dependent on their ATP-level. The synthesis of ATP during the process of clot retraction is effected by the glycolytic system, provided glucose is present as a substrate5. Most probably the major part of the ATP consumed during the retraction period is active in the contraction of an actomyosin-like protein contained in the platelets.
Activation of Bovine Plasminogen by the Plasminogen Activator in Animal Tissue
Authors: Abe Takeshi , Astrup Tage 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. The activation of bovine plasminogen by means of the plasminogen activator from pig heart tissue has been studied on heated fibrin and on casein.2. Small, but varying, amounts of activator can be extracted from crude activator powder during the experiment and interfere therefore with estimations on normal, plasminogen containing fibrin.3. The activation process is a slow process. Results obtained on heated fibrin or casein suggest that the activation is caused by a stoicheiometric reaction.
The Fractionation Properties of Human Factor VIII (Antihaemophilic Factor)
Authors: Gobbi Franco 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe fractionation properties of human Factor VIII (antihaemophilic factor, AHF, antihaemophilic globulin) have been studied using a plasma of congenital afibrinogenaemia as a starting material.From a fibrinogen-free plasma, Factor VIII does not precipitate with ethanol at a final concentration of 8%; on the contrary the maximum yield is reached at an ethanol concentration of 25%.With a precipitation method carried out by a one to ten dilution of plasma with distilled water and acidification by N/10 hydrochloric acid to a pFI 5.2, Factor VIII does not precipitate with the euglobulin fraction; when normal plasma is used, such a precipitation is almost complete.With the salting-out fractionation method by ammonium sulphate, Factor VIII precipitates at a concentration between 25 and 33% of saturation either from fibrinogen-free and from normal human plasma.A non-specific thromboplastic activity appears in the fractions prepared by every method. This activity, which is probably due to the activation of seric accelerators, is easily removed by Al(OH)s adsorption. Thus, in order to insure the specificity of Factor VIII assays, the preliminary adsorption of the fractions is indispensable before testing their antihaemophilic activity.Fibrinogen and Factor VIII have different and definite precipitation patterns. When these two factors are associated the fractionation properties of AHF appear quite modified, showing a close similarity to those of fibrinogen. This fact can explain the technical difficulties encountered in the attempt to purify the antihaemophilic factor, and the lack of reproducible procedures for removing fibrinogen without affecting Factor VII.
Antithrombin as Substrate for the Enzyme Thrombin
Authors: Seegers Walter H. , Yoshinari Motoyuki , Landaburu Ricardo H. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn the interaction of thrombin (Th) and antithrombin (A) the activity of both is temporarily neutralized. Later thrombin activity regenerates and antithrombin is altered (P). Thrombin inactivates antithrombin. The experiments are interpreted on the basis of the Michaelis-Menton concept:

The ThA complex is quite stable and tends to form rapidly when the concentration of A is relatively high. Dissociation and formation of inactive antithrombin (P) is favored with relatively high concentrations of thrombin.
Facet Joint Osteoarthritis Affects Spinal Segmental Motion in Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Kitanaka Shigeyuki , Takatori Ryota , Arai Yuji , Nagae Masateru , Tonomura Hitoshi , Mikami Yasuo , Inoue Nozomu , Ogura Taku , Fujiwara Hiroyoshi , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: June 2018

Study Design:
This is a retrospective clinical case series (case-control study).

Objective:
To clarify the influence of facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) on the pathology of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) using in vivo 3-dimensional image analysis.

Summary of Background Data:
There are no radical treatments to prevent progression of DS in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis associated with DS. Therefore, an effective treatment method based on the pathology of DS should be developed.

Patients and Methods:
In total, 50 patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis involving L4/5 who underwent dynamic computed tomography were divided into 2 groups: with DS [spondylolisthesis (Sp) group; 12 male, 14 female; mean age, 74 y]; and without DS (non-Sp group; 15 male, 9 female; mean age, 70 y). Degeneration of the intervertebral disk and FJOA at L4/5 were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging. Disk and intervertebral foramen heights, the distance between the craniocaudal edges of the facet joint, and the interspinous distance were measured on dynamic computed tomographic images. Also, in vivo 3-dimensional segmental motion was evaluated using the volume merge method.

Results:
There were no significant differences in degenerative findings for the intervertebral disk; however, progressive FJOA was detected in the Sp group. Dynamic changes in the distance between the craniocaudal edges of the facet joints were significantly larger in the Sp group.

Conclusions:
In this study, progressive FJOA and larger segmental motion in the distance between the craniocaudal edges of the facet joints were found in the Sp group. We clarified for the first time that DS involves ligament laxity due to FJOA that affects spinal segmental motion in vivo. We consider that a treatment method based on FJOA would be useful for treating patients with DS.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.