bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ITrace study on the Effects of Phacoemulsification with 90° Transparent Corneal Incision on Corneal Astigmatism and Visual Acuity in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery
Authors: Tian Yuanyuan , Jiang Shuang , Zhang Huafeng , Zhang Jia 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To investigate the effects of phacoemulsification with 90° transparent corneal incision on corneal astigmatism and visual acuity in patients undergoing cataract surgery.
Methods: This was a retrospective study. Sixty patients with age-related cataract and corneal astigmatism value ≤ 0.75D admitted to Gaocheng Aier Shijia Eye Hospital from June 2023 to October 2023 were included and divided into the observation group(with-the-rule astigmatism) and the control group(against-the-rule astigmatism), with 30 eyes each. Both groups were given a 90° transparent corneal incision, and the general data of the two groups were compared before surgery, one week after surgery, one month after surgery, and three months after surgery.
Results: Before surgery, UCVA and BCVA were compared between the two groups (p> 0.05); no statistically significant difference was observed in corneal astigmatism between the two groups (p> 0.05); no statistically significant difference was observed in the axial direction of corneal astigmatism between the two groups before surgery(p> 0.05). Inter-group comparison: UCVA and BCVA in the two groups were significantly increased one week and one month after surgery, with those in the observation group being higher than those in the control group(p< 0.05); the corneal astigmatism in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at one week and one month after surgery (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: A 90° transparent corneal incision may result in various benefits during phacoemulsification, such as correcting corneal astigmatism in patients with compliant cataracts, promoting early postoperative visual recovery, and stabilizing axial position after surgery.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9029
How to cite this: Tian Y, Jiang S, Zhang H, Zhang J. ITrace study on the Effects of Phacoemulsification with 90° Transparent Corneal Incision on Corneal Astigmatism and Visual Acuity in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2518-2523. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9029
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Economic, cultural, and social inequalities in potentially inappropriate medication: A nationwide survey- and register-based study in Denmark
Authors: Paust Amanda , Vestergaard Claus , Smith Susan M. , Friis Karina , Schramm Stine , Bro Flemming , Mygind Anna , Bech Utoft Nynne , Larkin James , Prior Anders 
Published: November 2024

Background
Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) is associated with negative health outcomes and can serve as an indicator of treatment quality. Previous studies have identified social inequality in treatment but often relied on narrow understandings of social position or failed to account for mediation by differential disease risk among social groups. Understanding how social position influences PIM exposure is crucial for improving the targeting of treatment quality and addressing health disparities. This study investigates the association between social position and PIM, considering the mediation effect of long-term conditions.

Methods and findings
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2017 Danish National Health Survey, including 177,495 individuals aged 18 or older. Data were linked to national registers on individual-level.
PIM was defined from the STOPP/START criteria and social position was assessed through indicators of economic, cultural, and social capital (from Bourdieu’s Capital Theory). We analyzed odds ratios (ORs) and prevalence proportion differences (PPDs) for PIM using logistic regression, negative binomial regression, and generalized structural equation modeling. The models were adjusted for age and sex and analyzed separately for indicators of under- (START) and overtreatment (STOPP). The mediation analysis was conducted to separate direct and indirect effects via long-term conditions. Overall, 14.7% of participants were exposed to one or more PIMs, with START PIMs being more prevalent (12.5%) than STOPP PIMs (3.1%). All variables for social position except health education were associated with PIM in a dose-response pattern. Individuals with lower wealth (OR: 1.85 [95% CI 1.77, 1.94]), lower income (OR: 1.78 [95% CI 1.69, 1.87]), and lower education level (OR: 1.66 [95% CI 1.56, 1.76]) exhibited the strongest associations with PIM. Similar associations were observed for immigrants, people with low social support, and people with limited social networks. The association with PIM remained significant for most variables after accounting for mediation by long-term conditions. The disparities were predominantly related to overtreatment and did not relate to the number of PIMs. The study’s main limitation is the risk of reverse causation due to the complex nature of social position and medical treatment.

Conclusions
The findings highlight significant social inequalities in PIM exposure, driven by both economic, cultural, and social capital despite a universal healthcare system. Understanding the social determinants of PIM can inform policies to reduce inappropriate medication use and improve healthcare quality and equity.
Understanding the factors contributing to dengue virus and chikungunya virus seropositivity and seroconversion among children in Kenya
Authors: Tariq Amna , Khan Aslam , Mutuku Francis , Ndenga Bryson , Bisanzio Donal , Grossi-Soyster Elysse N. , Jembe Zainab , Maina Priscilla , Chebii Philip , Ronga Charles , Okuta Victoria , LaBeaud Angelle Desiree 
Published: November 2024

Dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are causes of endemic febrile disease among Kenyan children. The exposure risk to these infections is highly multifactorial and linked to environmental factors and human behavior. We investigated relationships between household, socio-economic, demographic, and behavioral risk factors for DENV and CHIKV seropositivity and seroconversion in four settlements in Kenya. We prospectively followed a pediatric cohort of 3,445 children between 2014–2018. We utilized the Kaplan–Meier curves to describe the temporal patterns of seroconversion among tested participants. We employed logistic regression built using generalized linear mixed models, to identify potential exposure risk factors for DENV and CHIKV seroconversion and seropositivity.
Overall, 5.2% children were seropositive for DENV, of which 59% seroconverted during the study period. The seroprevalence for CHIKV was 9.2%, of which 54% seroconverted. The fraction of seroconversions per year in the study cohort was <2% for both viruses. Multivariable analysis indicated that older age and the presence of water containers ((OR: 1.15 [95% CI: 1.10, 1.21]), (OR: 1.50 [95% CI: 1.07, 2.10])) increased the odds of DENV seropositivity, whereas higher wealth (OR: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.73, 0.96]) decreased the odds of DENV seropositivity. Multivariable analysis for CHIKV seropositivity showed older age and the presence of trash in the housing compound to be associated with increased odds of CHIKV seropositivity ((OR: 1.11[95% CI: 1.07, 1.15]), (OR: 1.34 [95% CI: 1.04, 1.73])), while higher wealth decreased the odds of CHIKV seropositivity (OR: 0.74[95% CI: 0.66, 0.83]). A higher wealth index (OR: 0.82 [95% CI: 0.69, 0.97]) decreased the odds of DENV seroconversion, whereas a higher age (OR: 1.08 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.15]) and the presence of water containers in the household (OR: 1.91[95% CI: 1.24, 2.95]) were significantly associated with increased odds of DENV seroconversion. Higher wealth was associated with decreased odds for CHIKV seroconversion (OR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.66, 0.89]), whereas presence of water containers in the house (OR: 1.57 [95% CI: 1.11, 2.21]) was a risk factor for CHIKV seroconversion.
Our study links ongoing CHIKV and DENV exposure to decreased wealth and clean water access, underscoring the need to combat inequity and poverty and further enhance ongoing surveillance for arboviruses in Kenya to decrease disease transmission. The study emphasizes the co-circulation of DENV and CHIKV and calls for strengthening the targeted control strategies of mosquito borne diseases in Kenya including vector control, environmental management, public education, community engagement and personal protection.
The links between neuroinflammation, brain structure and depressive disorder: A cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: Milasauskiene Egle , Burkauskas Julius , Jesmanas Simonas , Gleizniene Rymante , Borutaite Vilmante , Skemiene Kristina , Vaitkiene Paulina , Adomaitiene Virginija , Lukosevicius Saulius , Gradauskiene Brigita , Brown Guy , Steibliene Vesta 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
It is known that symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) are associated with neurodegeneration, that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce symptoms of MDD, and that blood LPS levels are elevated in neurodegeneration. However, it is not known whether blood LPS and cytokine levels correlate with MDD, cognition and brain structure, and this is tested in this study.

Methods and analysis
This cross-sectional study includes individuals with MDD (n = 100) and a control group of individuals with no one-year history of a mental disorder (n = 50). A comprehensive evaluation is performed, including the collection of basic sociodemographic information, data on smoking status, body mass index, course of MDD, past treatment, comorbid diseases, and current use of medications. Diagnosis of MDD is performed according to the WHO’s [2019] International Classification of Diseases and related health problems by psychiatrist and severity of MDD is evaluated using the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Scale. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery is used to evaluate cognitive functioning. Venous blood samples are taken to measure genetic and inflammatory markers, and multiparametric brain magnetic resonance imaging is performed to evaluate for blood-brain barrier permeability, structural and neurometabolic brain changes. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including linear and logistic regression, will be used to analyse relationships between blood plasma LPS and inflammatory cytokine concentrations in MDD patients and controls. The proposed sample sizes are suitable for identifying significant differences between the groups, according to a power analysis.

Administrative information
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT06203015.
Personality functioning and mental distress in leaders of small- and medium sized enterprises
Authors: Erschens Rebecca , Schröpel Carla , Adam Sophia H. , Gündel Harald , Angerer Peter , Dinger-Ehrenthal Ulrike , Ehrenthal Johannes C. , Diebig Mathias , Hofmann Sophie , Gast Michael , Gritzka Susan , Zipfel Stephan , Junne Florian 
Published: November 2024

Objective
For leaders of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) grappling with diverse tasks and stressors, personality functioning can play a key role on stress perception and building and managing professional relationships. We investigated the relationship between SME leaders’ personality functioning on the dimensions of self-perception and self-regulation on perceived stress reactivity (PSR), and symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Methods
A cross-sectional sub analysis of a multi-centre RCT project was performed. A sample of N = 174 SME leaders from various sectors in southern Germany were examined on their self-rated levels of personality functioning (OPD-SQ), involving self-perception (facets: self-reflection, affect differentiation, sense of identity) and self-reflection (facets: impulse control, affect tolerance, regulation of self-esteem), with higher scores indicating lower levels of personality functioning. The outcome variables were perceived stress reactivity (PSRS) and symptoms of depression and anxiety (HADS).

Results
The mean score for symptoms of anxiety was M = 6.13 (SD = 3.34), depression M = 4.40 (SD = 3.35), and for PSRS M = 21.39 (SD = 8.04). The mean sum score for self-perception was M = 7.71 (SD = 7.19) and for self-regulation M = 10.50 (SD = 7.09). The results of three regression models showed that higher scores for affect differentiation (rsp = .13), impulse control (rsp = .14) and regulation of self-esteem (rsp = .29) were associated with higher scores for PSR. Higher scores for affect differentiation (rsp = .17) and affect tolerance (rsp = .20) were significantly associated with higher scores for anxiety. A higher score for regulation of self-esteem (rsp = .17) was associated with higher depression scores.

Conclusion
This study highlights the association between core dimensions of SME leaders’ personality functioning and mental distress. The findings can be applied on interventions and health promotion and the establishment of high-quality professional relationships and leadership skills.
The Many Do Not Recollect: The Nature and Scope of Recollection in Plato’s Phaedrus
Authors: Shepardson Douglas A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Plato’s theory of recollection is classically treated as an account of “concept-acquisition” or “concept-possession,” explaining how the mind is able to employ general concepts, despite the senses only perceiving particulars. Against this, recent scholars (esp. Dominic Scott) have argued that recollection is not necessary for ordinary reasoning. Recollection is not about ordinary concepts that humans use; rather, recollection is a rare, prototypically philosophic affair that is satisfied by becoming aware of Forms or principles associated with them, which most people never experience. On this view, most people do not recollect. A third position accepts both views: there are two types of recollection in Plato, one concerned with ordinary cognition, and one concerned with philosophical awareness of the Forms. This paper argues for the narrow reading, focusing on the Phaedrus.
The Stoic Theory of Case
Authors: Durand Marion 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article presents a new account of the Stoic theory of case. It argues that cases belong to the Stoic class of lekta and that they play a twofold semantic role. Firstly, they relate words to the world in a process akin to reference. Secondly, they encode syntactic information which captures structural elements of the world, contributing to language’s ability to represent reality and its structure by enabling it to capture both objects and the ways in which these objects relate to each other.
Something New Under the Sun in Anaximenes’ Astronomy?
Authors: van der Sluijs Marinus Anthony 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Anaximenes famously taught that the sun and other ‘stars’ do not move under the flat earth but around it and explained the night thereby. What he had in mind remains conjectural; the testifying fragments are ambiguous and apparently contradictory. The past 200-odd years have seen a plethora of dissenting interpretations. The bulk of these are here categorised into three groups: that the sun circles at a fixed height above sea level; that it follows the familiar inclined path by day and clings to the northern horizon by night; and that it revolves in a circular orbit inclined relative to the earth. The first two scenarios are repudiated, while the third is fortified with several suggestions. It is argued that Anaximenes’ terms for ‘above’, ‘below’ and ‘around’ did not differentiate the altitudes of celestial bodies relative to the horizon, but the sizes of their orbits – as indicated by their projections on the earth’s plane. The point would have been that bodies in space are far enough from the earth to stay away from anyone’s zenith or nadir – perhaps with exceptions, following pseudo-Plutarch. This approach reconciles the variant readings in the fragments and obviates the need for emendations. The sun would still move through the north at night, but in an arc below the horizon – not horizontally over the Ocean or behind mountains, as some had it. Thus, Anaximenes would have enhanced Anaximander’s discovery that space facilitates inclined circular orbits by surrounding the earth on all sides. Awareness of the far-northern midnight twilight and the aurora borealis may have fed into all of these worldviews, the former legitimately and the latter fallaciously.
Relational Transilience in the Garden: Plant–Human Encounters in More-than-Human Life Narratives
Authors: Alexander Vera 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Whereas many indigenous and non-western cultures see plants and humans as connected, western worldviews tend to disregard plants as material commodities. Plant non-thinking of this kind is increasingly being challenged in response to the environmental threats arising from human exceptionalism. This essay investigates garden narratives as a form of more-than-human life writing which depicts plant–human relations as mutually transformative and reciprocal. I argue that garden narratives pioneer such a rethinking as a win-win scenario. The positive developments garden writers document are consistent with a concept put forward in environmental psychology: transilience. Making reference to five recent western garden narratives I show how plant encounters can help us move towards an emerging environmental culture which emphasises more-than-human embeddedness and embraces symbiotic over competitive relations.
Production of phenolic-rich slow pyrolysis liquid extracts by supercritical carbon dioxide fractionation
Authors: Möck Dennis Marvin Janek , Radtke Silke , Riegert Christiane , Appelt Jörn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To produce biogenic phenolic-rich liquids, which could be of great interest to the adhesive, wood preservation and coating industry, beech wood slow pyrolysis liquid (SPL) was extracted with supercritical CO2 (scCO2). To this end, a scCO2 extraction plant was extended with a separation unit with three separators. A stepwise depressurisation of the scCO2 in the separators enabled various fractions of the extracted SPL, with differing compositions, to be collected. During depressurisation, the density of the scCO2 (724 kg/m3–2 kg/m3) and, thus, the solubilities of the extracted substances in scCO2 were reduced in three separators. At a density of 261 kg/m3 in the second separator, extracts with a content of up to 41.1 wt.% GC-detectable monomeric phenolic substances were produced. At lower scCO2 densities in the subsequent separator, the proportion of better scCO2-soluble substances, such as acids, ketones and furans, increased in the extracts.
Inspired by animal species: biomimicry in participatory research
Authors: Broscheit Jessica 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Inspired by the rich tapestry of nature, biomimicry encourages designers, engineers, and researchers to draw inspiration from the natural world to create technological solutions. However, little is known about the usage of biomimicry in participatory research involving local people without technical expertise. In this paper, we present two case studies to explore how performative biomimicry is when applied in a participatory research process with local people of different ages. To this end, we conducted two different case studies and asked our participants to analyze the characteristics of different animal species to design an interactive prototype that addresses a specific task. Both case studies demonstrated promising potential for biomimicry, as the participants drew inspiration from animal species to develop functional prototypes and narratives that resonate on an emotional level. Finally, we discuss the benefits of integrating biomimicry in participatory research and how this method could be used to promote social change and transformation in the society, for example, in STEM education, digital literacy, and environmental awareness.
What Explains Differences in Minimum Wage Growth Between EU Member States?
Authors: Baumann Arne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There are considerable differences in minimum wage growth between EU member states with national minimum wages. Potential sources for these differences are discrepancies in economic fundamentals and institutional differences in how minimum wages are adjusted. Using a novel dataset based on macroeconomic data, institutional information on minimum wage setting and data on economic policy orientation and elections, the article tests whether growth differences in the minimum wage of 21 EU member states during the time period 2000 to 2020 can be explained by a catch-up dynamic in new EU member states, by different growth models of EU member states or by differences in the actors that are responsible for the adjustment of minimum wages. The results show that across the entire sample and irrespective of actors, minimum wage growth follows consumer price inflation and wage growth most closely. Higher than average minimum wage growth rates in EU member states stem from overshooting inflation during the period of EU accession, reducing wage inequality and increasing the Kaitz index. Actors also mattered for minimum wage growth. Adjustments by social partner consensus led to higher minimum wage growth than the benchmark of indexed minimum wages, introducing a distributive element to minimum wage adjustments.
Cross-Cultural Transmission of the Images of “The Story of Three Fishes” in Ancient Europe and Asia and the Relationship Between Texts and Images
Authors: Chen Ming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Numerous Buddhist tales originating from ancient India have traversed the expansive Silk Road, journeying across Western Asian cultural terrain to reach distant corners of Europe. The several types of “The Story of Three Fishes” from Indian folktales not only was narrated in the Pāli Jātaka, Epic Mahābhārata, Pañcatantra, Hitopadeśa, and Somadeva’s Kathāsaritsāgara at different times, but also was revised or even changed into the Kalīla wa-Dimna, Sogidan Tales, Mathnawī (Rumi)’s Masnavi, Anwár-i-Suhailí, and many translated versions of Kalīla wa-Dimna, such as Kalīlah va Dimnah, Buch der Beispiele der alten Weisen, and Directorium Humanae Vitae in different languages. This narrative transcends textual boundaries, traversing continents and epochs to manifest in diverse visual representations. By scrutinizing its origins and the evolving interplay between its textual and visual renditions, this paper endeavors to illuminate the intricate channels through which ancient Indian culture and religion communicated. Furthermore, it serves as a compelling empirical lens for comprehending the cultural exchange between ancient Europe and Asia.
Manufacturing sustainable composite building materials: from waste, to the lab, to the community
Authors: Agyeman Boateng Enis , Bilal Miah , Pandapas Christopher , Singappuli Naomee , Yohay Ezra , Ismael Achirri , Cote Danielle , Krueger Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper describes how our team took waste plastic and coconut fibers to create a composite strong enough to be used for roof sheathing in West Africa. Part one details the necessary background and literature review, our research design, and findings from lab work conducted in the summer of 2023. In part two of the paper, we describe a pilot test of reproducing our results outside the lab in a rural Ghanaian community. Through a co-design process, the team worked in a peer-to-peer relationship with community members of Akyem Dwenase in Ghana’s Eastern Region to test the process of transforming waste plastic into roof sheathing using technology designed in Ghana. The project was borne out of a MS project in Science and Technology for Innovation in Global Development and supported by a team of undergraduates who, under the supervision of faculty, worked for seven weeks in Ghana to develop and test the prototype. The paper concludes with areas for future work.