bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rocess Design of Fiber Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composites
Authors: Ding Hualun , Gong Ximin , Shang Iaoxuan 
Published: September 2019

<p>This paper chooses magnesium as the matrix of composite materials, selects carbon ﬁber as reinforcement, and designs the composite scheme according to the structure and performance of Mg-based composites. The performance characteristics and application prospect of fiber-reinforced magnesium matrix composites are introduced. Wait. In this paper, the process of preparing carbon ﬁber magnesium matrix composites by compression casting method and spray deposition method is designed. The process ﬂow chart of these two design schemes is determined by analyzing the principle of these two kinds of preparation methods, and the speciﬁc problems of the process are analyzed and summarized. </p>
Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Cervical Spine Following Neck Dissections Due to Malignancies of the Head And Neck
Authors: Mihaylova Zornitsa 
Published: September 2019

Neck dissections are surgical interventions aiming the removal of lymph nodes from specific areas of the neck, together with non-lymphatic structures falling within the scope of the operation – m. sternocleidomasstoideus (MSCM), v. jugularis interna (VJI), n. accessorius (N.XI). Due to the involvement of important anatomical structures in the neck dissections, postoperative outcoomes and complications associated with impaired function of the musculoskeletal system of the neck arise.
The purpose of the present study is to determine the degree of cervical spine movements depending on the volume of surgical neck dissection.
Methods. The goniometry method was used to evaluate the motor function of the operated patients. The results obtained were analyzed via SPSS Vers23.0.
Results. A statistically significant difference was observed postoperatively at the 3rd month in all directions of movement studied in the three groups of operative interventions (neck dissections): flexion – F(2,65)=643.566, p<0.001; extension – F(2,65)=445.045, p<0.001; lateral flexion – F(2,65)=314.077, p<0.001; rotation – F(2,65)=121.980, p<0.001.
Conclusion. Assessment of the cervical spine shows that all directions of movement are affected, most significantly affecting lateral flexion in all groups of operated patients with neck dissection.
Seramik Yüzeylerde Dijital Baskı Uygulamaları
Authors: ÖZGÜVEN Sanver 
Published: September 2019

İnsanoğlunun binlerce yıldır devam eden seramik ile ilişkisi, son on yılda çok farklı bir noktaya
ulaşmıştır. Dijital teknolojinin gelişimi ile birlikte ortaya çıkan yeni biçimlendirme teknikleri,
sanatçılara ve tasarımcılara, kendilerini ifade etmede yeni olanaklar sağlamıştır. Lazer yazıcılarda
bulunan demir oksit ve seramik tonerlerin kullanımı ile birlikte, bilgisayar ortamında tasarlanan
görseller, çıkartma kağıtları kullanılarak sırlı seramik yüzeylere aktarılabilmektedir. Dijital
ortamda oluşturulan görsellerin seramik yüzeylere aktarılması iki farklı teknik kullanılarak
mümkün olmaktadır. Bunlardan birincisi lazer baskı olarak bilinen içerisinde demir oksit
barındıran siyah tonerlerin kullanılması ile olmaktadır. Diğer yöntem ise yüksek ısıya dayanıklı
seramik tonerlerin kullanılması ile gerçekleştirilir.

Bu makalede seramik sanatında bu baskı tekniklerini kullanan sanatçılara ve eserlerinden
bazılarına yer verilmiş, ayrıca bu tekniklerin süreçleri ile ilgili açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Eser
görselleri üzerinden yapılan yorumlar ile birlikte, dijital baskı tekniklerinin süreçleri de aşamaları
ile birlikte görselleştirilmiştir.&nbsp;
Cam ve Renk
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Fatma , AĞATEKİN Mustafa 
Published: September 2019

Bu araştırma camın plastik ifade olanaklarına ilişkin rengin cam sanatındaki kullanımlarının
izini sürerken, camda renk ve anlatım ilişkisini inceleyerek bunu kullanan sanatçılara yer
vermektedir. Rengin biçime yüklediği anlamlar dünyada cam malzemesini kullanan sanatçılar
kapsamında ele alınmıştır.

İlk bölümde teknik açıdan camda renk olanaklarına değinilmiş, sanatçıların camı nasıl
kullandıklarından örnekler verilerek teknik detaylara değinilmiştir. Renkle ilgili camın transparan
yapısı göz önüne alınarak yapılan araştırmalara değinilmiş, ışık ve renk birlikteliğinin izi
sürülmüştür. Anlatımda bu özellikleri kullanan sanatçıların eserleri üzerinden örnekler
verilmiştir. Çizgisel ifade olanakları çerçevesinde neon uygulamaları ve roll-up tekniği kullanan
sanatçıların biçim araştırmaları eser örnekleri eşliğinde sunulmuştur. Kompozisyonlarında rengi
anlamın taşıyıcısı olarak kullanan sanatçılara yer verilmiş, rengi monokrom kullanan sanatçılara
da değinilmiştir.&nbsp;
A Karakteristik Pengunjung Obyek Wisata Di Kawasan Danau Rawa Pening (Kasus Kecamatan Banyubiru, Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Syahputri Deasyka Milna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
More comprehensive plan is needed in order to utilize natural resources as ecotourism development in the perspective of tourism society based, both in the provision of supporting facilities for tourism, the government cooperations and the private sector, also the society based on its potencial. So that the area became an attractive tourist destination. This research aims to find out the characteristics of tourists at Rawa Pening Lake. This research used descriptive quantitative method, the population of this study were the visitors of tourism objects around Rawa Pening, by using a sampling technique, produced 345 research respondents. The results show the characteristics of tourists on tourism objects in the Rawa Pening area. The knowledge of these characteristics can maximize the packaging and embodiment of facilities as supporting factors,include transportation services, accommodation, restaurants, shopping centers, networks banking, security facilities, and the other public facilities provided by tourism stakeholders to support all the tourism activities.
Distance metrics for genome-scale metabolic models
Authors: Cabbia Andrea , Hilbers Peter A.J. , Riel Natal A.W. van 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Due to algorithmic advancements and to the availability of experimental datasets, large
collections of genome-scale metabolic models (GSMM) can nowadays be generated automatically.
Nevertheless, few tools are available to efficiently analyze such large sets of models, for example to study the
link between genetic and metabolic heterogeneity. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms use the distance between
data points to find patterns in large datasets. A method to determine distance between genome-scale
metabolic models was thus necessary to apply ML to large model sets. We address this issue considering three
levels of model representation, and defining for each of them a different distance metric: Jaccard metric for
metabolic reconstructions, graph kernels for network graph topology and cosine similarity between flux
distributions for constraint-based models. We employed two benchmark datasets, each containing hundreds of
metabolic models, to compare the different metrics: the first is composed of 100 human genome-scale models
developed from proteomics data of four different cancer tissues, while the second contains more than 800
models of bacterial species inhabiting the human gut and was developed from metagenomic data.

Results: Metrics based on the overlap of reactions content (Jaccard) and on network similarity (graph kernels)
achieve remarkably similar performances in clustering and classification tasks. Phylogenetic trees built on these
two metrics have the same distance from a reference taxonomy, even if the trees themselves are different from
each other. Mantel test shows high correlation between distance matrices built with Jaccard and network
similarity metrics.

Conclusions: We expand the concept of distance between metabolic models, highlighting new properties of
the Jaccard metric such as its correlation with network similarity and function. We show how distance metrics
enable the application of machine learning algorithms to genome-scale metabolic models, enabling efficient
pattern recognition in large model sets.
Comprehensive study on importance of feature selection methods to predict cancer tumor types
Authors: Battineni Gopi , Amenta Francesco , Chintalapudi Nalini 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Predictions on cancer development were getting better through Machine Learning (ML) methods compared to pathologists. This study is aim to develop a ML model based feature selection methodology to get accurately predict the breast cancers
Methods: We consider database of 569 breast cancer cases and diagnosed with 212 malignant and 357 benign and this study adopt with logistic regression (LR) ML type that had done with total feature set and selective feature set.
Results: Outcomes produces cancer prediction accuracy 90.86% with total features and 93.84% with selective features. In addition, we validated the results with Area under Curve (AUC) for the selective feature set Receiver Optimistic curve (ROC) curve is greater (99.8%) than AUC for the total feature set ROC (96.2%). In precise, LR model did accurate tumor classification with selective features.
Conclusions: It is very important to address issues of cancer tumor classifications by ML and it will help pathologists to provide preventive care for the patients. However, it is important to involve other features of cancer in order to understand the further causes and decision-making process that should be help in much accurately classified.
One in every four women living with HIV had unmet need for family planning in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Kassie Mihret Dejen , Habitu Yohannes Ayanaw , Handebo Simegnew 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background

All women, including those living with HIV, have the right to choose the timing, spacing, and number of their births and need access to family planning services.Objective

To assess the prevalence and factors associated with unmet need for family planning among women attending Anti retro viral Therapy (ART).Methods

Facility-based cross sectional study was conducted from March, to April, 2018 in Gondar town, Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit respondents. A total of 441 reproductive age women on ART were included in the study. The data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Bivariate and backward multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with unmet need for family planning. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval was computed.Results

The prevalence of unmet need for family planning was 24.5% (95% CI: 20.4-28.8). Rural residence (AOR: 2.11, 95% CI (1.02, 4.36)), women aged 20-29 years (AOR: 0.29, 95% CI (0.09, 0.93)), 30-34 years (AOR: 0.30, 95% CI (0.10, 0.92)), 35-39 years (AOR: 0.14, 95% CI (0.04, 0.45)), and above 40 years (AOR: 0.08, 95% CI (0.02, 0.38)), have more than three children (AOR: 0.12, 95% CI (0.04, 0.36)), intention to have more children (AOR: 0.08, 95% CI (0.03, 0.23)), who did not disclose their sero-status to partner (AOR: 0.39, 95% CI (0.19, 0.81)), having no experience of contraception use (AOR: 0.44, 95% CI (0.21, 0.92)) were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning.Conclusion

One in every four women living with HIV had unmet need for family planning. Rural residence, age of the women, having >3 children, intention to have more children, not disclosing sero-status to partner, and having no experience of contraception use were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning.
Clinical efficacy of irinotecan plus raltitrexed chemotherapy in refractory esophageal squamous cell cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Min , Jia Qingqing , Wang Xiaolin , Sun Changjiang , Yang Jianqi , Chen Yanliang , Li Ying , Min Lingfeng , Zhang Xizhi , Zhu Caiyun , Gubat Johannes Artiaga , Chen Yong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The optimal chemotherapy regimen for refractory esophageal squamous cell cancer patients is uncertain. Our retrospective study assessed the efficacy and safety of irinotecan plus raltitrexed in esophageal squamous cell cancer patients who were previously treated with multiple systemic therapies. Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2018, records of 38 esophageal squamous cell cancer patients who underwent irinotecan plus raltitrexed chemotherapy after at least one line of chemotherapy were reviewed. Efficacy assessment was performed every two cycles according to the RECIST version 1.1. Results: A total of 95 cycles of chemotherapy were administered, and the median course was 3 (range 2–6). There was no treatment-related death. Nine patients had partial response, 21 had stable disease and 8 had progressive disease. The overall objective response rate was 23.68% (9/38) and the disease control rate was78.94% (30/38). After a median follow-up of 18.5 months, the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 105 days and 221 days respectively. There were 5 patients (13.15%) with grade 3/4 leukopenia, 3 patients (7.89%) with grade 3/4 neutropenia and 1 patient (2.63%) with grade 3/4 diarrhea. Conclusions: The combination of irinotecan plus raltitrexed was effective for pretreated esophageal squamous cell cancer patients. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dose of the two drugs.
In vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal activities of Echinops kebericho root extract
Authors: Abdeta Debela , Kebede Nigatu , Giday Mirutse , Terefe Getachew , Abay Solomon Mequanente 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective: Microbial resistance to the few conventional antitrypanosomal drugs, increasing resistance of vectors to insecticides, lack of effective vaccines and adverse effects of the existing antitrypanosomal drugs justifies the urgent need for effective, tolerable and affordable drugs. We assessed antitrypanosomal effect of hydromethanolic extract of Echinops kebericho Mesfin roots against Trypanosoma congolense field isolate using in vitro and in vivo techniques. Parasite load, packed cell volume (PCV), body weight and rectal temperature in Swiss albino mice were assessed. This finding is part of the outcomes of drug discovery research for neglected tropical diseases.
Result: The extract ceased motility of the trypanosomes within 40 min at 4 and 2 mg/ml concentration whereas in the untreated control motility continued for more than 160 min. The extract also reduced parasitemia, prevented drop in PCV and body weight significantly (p<0.05), as compared to control. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, triterpines, steroids, saponins, glycosides, tannins and alkaloids. It is observed that this extract has activity against the parasite. Isolation and purification of specific compounds are required to identify hit compounds responsible for the antitrypanosomal activity of the studied medicinal plant.
A comprehensive analysis of the polygalacturonase family of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) shed light on important genes affecting pollen development and anther dehiscence
Authors: Ye Jiali , Yang Xuetong , Li Wei , Liu Qi , Niu Fuqiang , Chen Yanru , Zhang Lingli , Song Xiyue 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Polygalacturonase (PG) belongs to a large family of hydrolases that undertake many important functions in cell separation during plant growth and development by degrading pectin. The specific expression of PG genes in pollen may have great significance for plant male sterile research and hybrid wheat breeding. However, it has not been reported in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.).
Results: Therefore, we systematically studied the PG gene family using the latest published wheat reference genomic information. A total of 113 PGs were identified and renamed as TaPG01 - 113 based on their position on the chromosome. They were unequally distributed on 21 chromosomes and were classified into six categories of A-F. Analysis of gene structures and conserved motifs revealed that the TaPGs of Class C and D had relatively short gene sequences and a small number of introns, and Class E TaPGs were the least conserved and all members did not have III conserved domain. Segmental duplication has been shown to be one of the major drivers of the expansion of the wheat PG gene family. The cis-element predictions indicate that wheat PGs had a wide range of functions, including response to light, hypothermia, anaerobic and hormonal stimulation, and also involved in meristematic tissue expression. In addition, twelve spike-specific expressions of TaPGs were screened using RNA-seq data, and finally three important genes were identified by expression analysis in the sterile and fertile anthers of thermo-sensitive male sterile wheat. TaPG93 was involved in the pollen development and elongation of pollen tubes, and TaPG87 and TaPG95 played important roles in the separation of pollen grains and the cracking of anthers dehiscence.
Conclusions: This study, we performed a thorough analysis of the wheat PG gene family and finally obtained three TaPGs that affect wheat fertility. This will lay a solid foundation for the function exploration of wheat PG gene family and provide new enlightenment for the fertility conversion mechanism of male sterile wheat.
Assessment of risk factors for early childhood caries at different ages and caries levels in Shandong, China and guidance for dental health education: a cross-sectional study
Authors: zhang meng , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Yuan , Li Yanan , Shao Chunchun , Xiong Shijiang , Lan Jing , Wang Zhifeng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background

Dental health education (DHE) plays a vital role in the prevention of early childhood caries (ECC). There are a large number of studies on ECC risk factor assessment to enrich the content of DHE, but such research rarely provides some guidance and assistance for the design and optimization of DHE strategies. Therefore, this study aims to improve this information by analyzing risk factors at different ages and caries levels.Methods

The children aged 3-5-year-old was enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Their oral condition was evaluated according to WHO criteria. Simultaneously, a questionnaire containing the oral health knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) was completed by guardians. Chi-square test and regression analysis were performed to analyze the ECC difference of KAP variables in different grouping methods, and to construct models to assess the risk factors.Results

A total of 1301 children’s data were included for statistical analysis. Caries prevalence was 64.6%, the dmft mean was 3.15. Independent associations with increased risk for ECC were age, some KAP variables related to feeding, sugar consumption, and brushing ( P =0.000 based on multivariable regression analysis). 3-year-old group were primarily associated with some KA variables ( P =0.000). As children grow up, practice variables became the main risk factor (4- and 5-year old age group model: P=0.014 and 0.000). And more practice variables were independently associated with the severe-caries-group than mild-caries-group (P=0.000).Conclusion

This survey demonstrates that the ECC-related risk factors in different ages and different caries levels are different, which will facilitate us to design more personalized and strategic DHE content.
Predicting Pre‐harvest Forage Nutritive Value of Spring and Summer Growth of Alfalfa–Grass Mixtures
Authors: Wood Shane , Seguin Philippe , Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Bélanger Gilles , Lajeunesse Julie , Martel Huguette , Berthiaume Robert , St. Luce Mervin , Claessens Annie 
Published: September 2019

Currently available regression equations developed to predict pre‐harvest nutritive attributes from simple field measurements taken in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)–grass mixtures can help producers determine when to best harvest their forages but they are applicable to only spring growth. Our objective was to develop and validate predictive equations of pre‐harvest forage nutritive attributes of mixed alfalfa–grass stands for the spring and first summer growth cycles. Forage samples (n = 1856) were collected in 2015 and 2016 from three research sites in Quebec, Canada, and used to develop predictive equations that were then validated using samples (n = 315) collected on commercial farms across Quebec and compared to equations previously developed in New York State for use during spring growth. For newly developed equations with two to four field measurements, R2 ranged from 0.70 to 0.84. The best equation developed to estimate a neutral detergent fiber assayed with a heat stable α‐amylase and corrected for the ash content of the residue (aNDFom) had an R2 of 0.82 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 29.3 g kg−1 dry matter (DM). Some equations can be used to predict aNDFom concentration and the relative feed value of samples from commercial farms, but only if alfalfa proportion can be precisely determined. Locally developed equations resulted in better predictions than equations developed only for spring growth in New York State. Forage producers now have access to a tool to predict the pre‐harvest nutritive value of their forages for two growth cycles.Core Ideas

Predictive equations can help producers determine when to harvest their forage fields.
Equations developed can predict nutritive value of alfalfa‐grass stands for the spring and first summer growth cycles.
Alfalfa proportion must be precisely determined for equations to yield reliable results.
Effects of Biochar and Manure Applications on Soil Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from Two Different Soils
Authors: Abagandura Gandura Omar , Chintala Rajesh , Sandhu Saroop S. , Kumar Sandeep , Schumacher Thomas E. 
Published: September 2019

Although past research suggested that biochar has the potential to mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), studies investigating how biochar affects GHG emissions from different soil types under field conditions are limited. Furthermore, limited knowledge exists on how interactions between biochar and manure affect GHG emissions from different soils. This field study, conducted in Brookings, SD, in 2013, 2014, and 2015, measured the soil surface GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, and N2O) from sandy loam (SLsoil) and clay loam (CLsoil) soils. Six treatments—three biochar materials (produced from corn [Zea mays L.] stover, pinewood [Pinus ponderosa Lawson and C. Lawson], and switchgrass [Panicum virgatum L.]), manure, a mixture of manure and biochar, and the control (no amendment)—were applied to both soils at 10 Mg ha−1. The GHG fluxes were measured over the 2013, 2014, and 2015 growing seasons using static chamber. Biochars reduced cumulative CO2 flux compared with the control in the SLsoil in 2014 and 2015. For the CLsoil, biochars increased the cumulative CO2 flux in 2013, but emitted similar cumulative CO2 flux as the control in 2014 and 2015. Biochars reduced cumulative N2O fluxes compared with the control in all years from the SLsoil only. Combining biochar with manure decreased cumulative CO2 and N2O fluxes compared with manure alone in the SLsoil only. Biochar and manure did not affect cumulative CH4 flux in either soils. Overall, the use of biochar can mitigate CO2 and N2O emissions from the sandy loam soil, but not from the clay loam soil. However, higher rates of biochar (>10 Mg ha−1) application and long‐term monitoring are required to evaluate the effect of biochar on soil surface GHG emissions.Core Ideas
Biochars reduced CO2 and N2O fluxes compared with the control in the sandy loam soil.
Biochars and manure did not affect CH4 flux in either soils.
Biochar + manure reduced CO2 flux compared with manure in the sandy loam soil.
The N2O flux was reduced by biochar + manure compared with manure in the sandy loam soil.
The 10 Mg ha−1 biochar did not mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the clay loam soil.