bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer‐Targeting Graphene Quantum Dots: Fluorescence Quantum Yields, Stability, and Cell Selectivity
Authors: Zhang Qing , Deng Sinan , Liu Jinlin , Zhong Xiaoxia , He Jie , Chen Xianfeng , Feng Bowen , Chen Yanfei , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFolic acid, due to its high affinity toward folate receptors (FR), is recognized as one of the most promising cancer targeting vectors. However, the inherent defects of low water solubility (1.6 µg mL−1), high sensitivity toward photo‐bleaching, low fluorescent quantum yields (QYs, <0.5%) seriously limit its practical application. Herein, ultrastable, highly luminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) that selectively target diverse cancer cells are prepared and tested. The new GQDs present step changes compared to common folic acid through an ≈6250 times increase in water solubility (to ≈10 mg mL−1), more than 150 times in QYs (up to ≈77%), while maintaining luminescence stability up to 98% when subjected to UV, visible light, and heating over 360 min. It is shown that the suppression of nonradiative transitions by amino groups pyrolyzed from pterin plays a key role in the mechanism of high QYs and excellent stability. The functional groups that are likely responsible for the selective targeting of cancer cells with different levels of folate receptor expression on the surface are identified. Collectively with these promising properties, the new functional graphene quantum dots may open a new avenue for cancer diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapies.
Rapid Crystallization for Efficient 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (2DRP) Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Qiu Jian , Zheng Yiting , Xia Yingdong , Chao Lingfeng , Chen Yonghua , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDue to the additional introduction of bulky organic ammonium and the competition between bulky organic ammonium and methyl ammonium in 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper (2DRP) perovskite, the crystallization process becomes complicated. Here, it is demonstrated that the rapid crystallization controlled by processing solvents plays an important role in achieving high‐quality 2DRP perovskite films. It is found that the processing solvents, e.g., dimethylacetamide (DMAC), N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), with a different polarity and boiling point, have almost no effect on crystal structure and phase distribution but have a remarkable effect on crystallization kinetics, crystal growth orientation, and crystallinity of 2DRP perovskite. Compared to polar aprotic solvent DMF and DMSO with a high boiling point, DMAC with low polarity and a suitable boiling point has a weak coordination to lead and ammonium salts and is easy to escape during solution processing, which is able to accelerate the crystallization rate of 2DRP perovskite. Benefitting from the rapid crystallization enabled high‐quality 2DRP perovskite films, the best‐performing device with improved stability and a power conversion efficiency of 12.15% is obtained using DMAC solvent. These findings may give guidance for solvent engineering for highly efficient 2DRP perovskite solar cells in the future.
Applications of Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Carbon Materials
Authors: Yang Wenping , Li Xiaxia , Li Yan , Zhu Rongmei , Pang Huan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCarbon materials derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention in the field of scientific research in recent years because of their advantages of excellent electron conductivity, high porosity, and diverse applications. Tremendous efforts are devoted to improving their chemical and physical properties, including optimizing the morphology and structure of the carbon materials, compositing them with other materials, and so on. Here, many kinds of carbon materials derived from metal–organic frameworks are introduced with a particular focus on their promising applications in batteries (lithium‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and sodium‐ion batteries), supercapacitors (metal oxide/carbon and metal sulfide/carbon), electrocatalytic reactions (oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction), water treatment (MOF‐derived carbon and other techniques), and other possible fields. To close, some existing problem and corresponding possible solutions are proposed based on academic knowledge from the reported literature, along with a great deal of experimental experience.
Illusion Optics: Disguising with Ordinary Dielectric Materials
Authors: Liu Yichao , Guo Shuwei , He Sailing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIllusion devices are usually designed using transformation optics. Here, a new method is proposed to achieve optical illusions without external devices by elaborately manipulating the scattering potential of an object. In contrast to the conventional transformation optics method, which completely replaces one object by the image of another object using complementary\restoring media and a superlens, the method described here is more of a cosmetic operation for an object, which modifies the scattering pattern of the object to mimic another object by exchanging their scattering potentials in two symmetrical areas in the wave vector domain. Only positive isotropic nonmagnetic materials are introduced in the present method, which is impossible using the conventional method because superlenses require negative‐index materials. Both numerical simulations and experimental demonstrations are used to verify the performance of the illusion devices of this method.
Force Modulation and Adaptability of 3D‐Bioprinted Biological Actuators Based on Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Authors: Mestre Rafael , Patiño Tania , Barceló Xavier , Anand Shivesh , Pérez‐Jiménez Ariadna , Sánchez Samuel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe integration of biological systems into robotic devices might provide them with capabilities acquired from natural systems and significantly boost their performance. These abilities include real‐time bio‐sensing, self‐organization, adaptability, or self‐healing. As many muscle‐based bio‐hybrid robots and bio‐actuators arise in the literature, the question of whether these features can live up to their expectations becomes increasingly substantial. Herein, the force generation and adaptability of skeletal‐muscle‐based bio‐actuators undergoing long‐term training protocols are analyzed. The 3D‐bioprinting technique is used to fabricate bio‐actuators that are functional, responsive, and have highly aligned myotubes. The bio‐actuators are 3D‐bioprinted together with two artificial posts, allowing to use it as a force measuring platform. In addition, the force output evolution and dynamic gene expression of the bio‐actuators are studied to evaluate their degree of adaptability according to training protocols of different frequencies and mechanical stiffness, finding that their force generation could be modulated to different requirements. These results shed some light into the fundamental mechanisms behind the adaptability of muscle‐based bio‐actuators and highlight the potential of using 3D bioprinting as a rapid and cost‐effective tool for the fabrication of custom‐designed soft bio‐robots.
Treatment and clinical outcome of clinical T4 esophageal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Makino Tomoki , Yamasaki Makoto , Tanaka Koji , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Motoori Masaaki , Kimura Yutaka , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundSurvival of patients with cT4 esophageal cancer is dismal. Although the optimal treatment strategy remains to be established, two treatment options are available for cT4 esophageal cancers: definitive chemoradiation (dCRT) and induction treatment followed by conversion surgery (CS). However, little is known concerning the differences in clinical outcome between patients with T4 esophageal tumors treated with dCRT and those eventually treated with CS.MethodsA systematic search of the scientific literature on PubMed/MEDLINE was carried out using the keywords “T4 esophageal cancer,” “invading (involving) adjacent organ,” “definitive chemoradiation,” “induction therapy,” “salvage surgery,” and “conversion surgery,” obtaining 28 reports published up to July 2018.Results/ConclusionWe found that CS was superior to dCRT with respect to local disease control and short‐term survival; however, CS was associated with relatively higher perioperative mortality and morbidity. Alternatively, although dCRT might often cause fistula formation, a clinical complete response to dCRT is likely to lead to a better prognosis. Recent advances in chemotherapeutic agents have led to triple induction chemotherapy, with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil (DCF), which has shown promise as an initial induction treatment for cT4 esophageal cancer. Indeed, this regimen could control both local and systemic disease, which enables curative resection without preoperative CRT. Moreover, some appropriate changes in perioperative management and intensive systemic chemotherapy might enhance patient outcome. Randomized controlled trials with a large sample size are needed to establish the standard treatment for cT4 esophageal cancer.
Creating a community of prospection practitioners: Contributions of the US National Park Service workshop
Authors: De Vore Steven L. , Dalan Rinita A. , Bevan Bruce 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn annual series of lectures and field exercises has provided training in the archaeological application of geophysical, aerial and other remote sensing methods; this week‐long workshop has been coordinated by the US National Park Service (NPS) since 1991. Volunteer instructors have trained nearly 900 attendees at a variety of prehistoric, protohistoric, and historic sites across the United States. This NPS workshop is the longest‐standing training course in archaeological prospection and it is also responsible for training the greatest number within the archaeological community. Participants have benefited from their interactions with the large number of experienced instructors and from field exercises with a diverse array of modern equipment. The course has emphasized practical techniques for archaeologists and the development of research and commercial strategies; it has not trained archaeologists to be geophysicists. Above and beyond its role in training, the NPS workshop has created a community of practitioners, providing myriad opportunities for professional development, mentoring and collaboration, and it has played a major role in the acceptance of geophysics by archaeologists in the United States.
Enabling High Lithium Conductivity in Polymerized Ionic Liquid Block Copolymer Electrolytes
Authors: Goujon Nicolas , Huynh Tan‐Vu , Barlow Kristine j. , Kerr Robert , Vezzù Keti , Di Noto Vito , O'Dell Luke A. , Chiefari John , Howlett Patrick C. , Forsyth Maria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHerein, the use of a novel block copolymer host, based on a polymerized ionic liquid block copolymer, is proposed. Mechanically robust solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with high lithium conductivity are developed using a ternary polymer electrolyte system, consisting of a poly(styrene‐b‐1‐((2‐acryloyloxy)ethyl)‐3‐butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfo‐nyl)imide) (S‐PIL64‐16) block copolymer, a N‐propyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (C3mpyrFSI) ionic liquid (IL) and a lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) salt. The impact of both IL and lithium salt concentration on the morphology, ion migration processes and electrochemical performance of the electrolytes is characterized. High lithium ion conductivity is achieved when anion to Li+ molar ratio was kept below a value of 1.5, resulting in a lithium transport number (
) as high as 0.53 at 50 °C. Finally, the cycling performance in a Li|LiFePO4 full cell is assessed using an in‐house formulated solid‐state high loading cathode (LiFePO4 loading=10 mg cm−2, 1.8 mAh cm−2). 98 % of the theoretical discharge capacity (167 mA g−1) is achieved for the first cycle at a C‐rate of C/20 at 50 °C. The results herein reported are the first demonstration of a PIL block copolymer‐IL‐salt composite electrolyte operating at near‐practical levels, making them a promising choice of electrolyte for the next generation of solid‐state high capacity lithium‐metal batteries.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Arylated γ‐Valerolactones from Bio‐based Levulinic Acid with Aromatics Using H‐β Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Gundekari Sreedhar , Srinivasan Kannan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCatalytic coupling of biomass‐based molecules to value‐added chemical intermediates is an interesting area in biomass research. Arylated γ‐valerolactones (Agvls), promising pharmaceutical intermediates that have significant biological activity, are primarily synthesized currently through petro‐route. In this paper, we report successful biomass‐based synthesis of Agvls using levulinic acid (LA) and oxygen or sulphur‐ substituted aromatics over H‐β zeolite as catalyst under solvent‐free conditions. Under optimized condition, LA and anisole render 90 % conversion of former with 82 % yield of para‐substituted γ‐lactone. C−C bond formation followed by intra‐molecular esterification is witnessed in the course of the reaction, which is highly chemo‐ and regioselective. Though catalyst deactivated while reuse due to deposition of organic carbon moieties as deduced from several physicochemical techniques, it could be regenerated by simple calcination.
Pyrolysis of Natural Gas: Effects of Process Variables and Reactor Materials on the Product Gas Composition
Authors: Wang Steven , Lee Woo Jin , Li Chao'en , Kuan Benny , Burke Nick , Patel Jim 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHigh‐temperature pyrolysis of natural gas is the basis of the standard method for the manufacture of acetylene. The study of methane pyrolysis was designed to find optimum process conditions that would produce high yields of acetylene with minimal carbon formation. High temperatures and short residence times enhanced the selectivity for acetylene, while hydrogen dilution was found to suppress the generation of carbonous products. Carbon formation on reactor surfaces over time may be mainly responsible for the misalignment of predicted and measured product gas compositions, as the mechanisms reported do not consider the surface chemistry. In essence, the pyrolysis system favors the highest possible temperature and shortest possible residence time, suggesting that the selection of reactor materials is the key for pyrolysis process optimization. The operating temperature is likely dictated by the physical properties of the reactor materials rather than the selection of optimal pyrolysis conditions.
Pristine Transition‐Metal‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Sun Fancheng , Li Qing , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPristine metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and their composites, which have received wide attention in recent years, especially in the field of electrocatalysis, are emerging as distinctive electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and many other electrochemical redox reactions. In this review, the attention is focused on the development of monometallic‐MOFs and multimetallic‐MOFs (including bimetallic‐MOFs and trimetallic‐MOFs) for electrocatalysis in recent years, including their design, catalytic performance and strategies for activity improvement. Finally, major challenges in utilizing pristine MOFs and their composites for electrocatalysis are highlighted.
Metal Oxynitrides as Promising Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Kumar U. Naveen , Ghosh Sourav , Thomas Tiju 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the past decade, due to the demands of the electrochemical energy storage sector, there has been a quest for novel supercapacitor materials that offer champion storage characteristics. Metal oxynitrides are seen as potential candidates for electrochemical energy storage owing to their high cyclability (up to 105 cycles), good intrinsic conductivity (30000–35000 S cm−1), good wettability, corrosion resistance, and chemical inertness. In this review, the use of metal oxynitrides as electrode materials for supercapacitors is discussed. A comparison of oxynitrides with other electrode materials, such as metal oxides, carbon‐based materials, and their composites, is made. This study also places emphasis on the impact of synthesis techniques on the final properties of the material. In view of this critical analysis, we envisage future directions for this category of energy storage materials.
3D Metal‐Rich Cu7.2S4/Carbon‐Supported MoS2 Nanosheets for Enhanced Lithium‐Storage Performance
Authors: Liu Zhimin , Qi Shaopeng , Liu Guoning , Cheng Lin , Chen Jinxi , Lou Yongbing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMoS2 exhibits a high theoretical capacity and has been widely studied as an anode candidate for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, unmodified MoS2 suffers from inherently poor conductivity and poor cycle stability because of the lamellar stack. Herein, a novel core‐shell nanocomposite material (Cu7.2S4/C@MoS2) was obtained to significantly improve the electrochemical performance of MoS2, where ultra‐thin MoS2 nanosheets were uniformly grown on a three‐dimensional (3D) metal‐rich Cu7.2S4/C support by a simple hydrothermal reaction. When employed as an anode for LIBs, the discharge capacity of the 3D core‐shell Cu7.2S4/C@MoS2 nanocomposite reached 1527.4 mAh g−1 after 340 cycles at a high current density of 1 A g−1, which is much higher than that of pure MoS2 nanosheets. The excellent electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite demonstrates its potential application in batteries.
Introduction to the special issue on Workplace Mental Health
Authors: Kelloway E. Kevin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMental health is an issue of increasing concern to both individuals and organizations in Canada. The articles presented in this special issue present several approaches to dealing with workplace mental issues and highlight the need for more research in this area. In particular there is a pressing need for evaluative research to, identify which strategies work to improve individual and organizational well‐being. © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lactation intensity and duration to postpartum diabetes and prediabetes risk in women with gestational diabetes
Authors: Shen Yun , Leng Junhong , Li Weiqin , Zhang Shuang , Liu Huikun , Shao Ping , Wang Peng , Wang Leishen , Tian Huiguang , Zhang Cuilin , Yang Xilin , Yu Zhijie , Hou Lifang , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Hu Gang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association of lactation intensity and duration with postpartum diabetes and prediabetes risks among Chinese women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM).MethodsWe included 1260 women with a history of GDM who participated in the whole population's GDM universal screening survey by using the 1999 World Health Organization's criteria. Lactation intensity and lactation duration were collected by a standardized questionnaire. Postpartum diabetes and prediabetes risk were confirmed by an oral glucose tolerance test.ResultsDuring a mean postpartum period of 3.65 years, we identified 114 cases of diabetes and 417 cases of prediabetes. The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios based on different lactation intensity (exclusive formula, mixed feeding, and exclusive lactation) were 1.00, 0.68, 0.45 for diabetes (Ptrend = 0.008), and 1.00, 0.74, and 0.61 for prediabetes (Ptrend = 0.006), respectively. The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios associated with different lactation duration (none, 0‐6 months, 6‐12 months, 12‐18 months, and ≥18 months) were 1.00, 0.66, 0.42, 0.66, and 0.25 for diabetes (Ptrend = 0.013), and 1.00, 0.82, 0.62, 0.67, and 0.63 for prediabetes (Ptrend = 0.021), respectively. A restricted cubic spline curve showed a graded inverse association of lactation duration with the risks of diabetes and prediabetes (Ptrend < 0.001).ConclusionsHigher‐lactation intensity and longer‐lactation duration were significantly associated with lower risks of postpartum diabetes and prediabetes among Chinese women with a history of GDM.
Peripheral fat distribution versus waist circumference for predicting mortality in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Wu Chen‐Jung , Kao Tung‐Wei , Chen Yuan‐Yuei , Yang Hui‐Fang , Chen Wei‐Liang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo elucidate whether the peripheral fat (PF)‐combined definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) would show a better predictive ability for cause‐specific mortality than the common MetS.MethodsData were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 through 2002. We investigated three types of MetS including waist circumference MetS (WCMetS), PFMetS, and PF‐combined definition of MetS. The main outcome was to evaluate the predictive ability of the newly defined MetS for time to cause‐specific mortality. The secondary outcomes were the relationships between the PF percentage and C‐reactive protein (CRP) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) to clarify the gender discrepancy.ResultsFor cardiovascular mortality, the adjusted hazard ratios for WCMetS, PFMetS, and PF‐combined definition MetS were 1.867, 1.742, and 2.117, respectively (all P < 0.001). A positive association between PF percentage and CRP in men and a negative correlation between PF percentage and HOMA‐IR in women after adjustment for all variates were found.ConclusionsThe PF‐combined definition of MetS had a stronger predictive ability for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality than general MetS. Notably, the PF might have differential gender‐specific health effects on cardiovascular events.
The First International Snakehead Symposium: News from the Front(s)
Authors: Odenkirk John S 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The First International Snakehead Symposium was held in Alexandria, Virginia in July, 2018 and brought together snakehead experts from across the globe. Technical sessions, poster presentations, and a panel discussion occurred over 1.5 days and are archived on the Virginia Chapter of the American Fisheries Society webpage (https://units.fisheries.org/va/). This feature attempts to integrate new findings from that symposium with selected pre-existing information concerning this Asian fish family that has shown a propensity for worldwide invasion.