bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The familial aggregation of atopic diseases and depression or anxiety in children
Authors: Brew B. K. , Lundholm C. , Gong T. , Larsson H. , Almqvist C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundChildren with asthma and atopic diseases have an increased risk of depression or anxiety. Each of these diseases has strong genetic and environmental components; therefore, it seems likely that there is a shared liability rather than causative risk.ObjectiveTo investigate the existence and nature of familial aggregation for the comorbidity of atopic diseases and depression or anxiety.MethodsParticipants came from the Childhood and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS), n = 14 197. Current and ever asthma, eczema, hay fever and food allergy were reported by parents. Internalizing disorders were identified using validated questionnaires. Familial co‐aggregation analysis compared monozygotic (MZ) twins and same‐sex dizygotic (DZ) twins for atopic disease in 1 twin with internalizing disorder in the other to test for genetic liability. Several familial liability candidates were also tested including parental education, recent maternal psychological stress, childhood family trauma and parental country of birth.ResultsFamilial co‐aggregation analysis found that if 1 twin had at least 1 current atopic disease the partner twin was at risk of having an internalizing disorder regardless of their own atopic status (adjusted OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.08, 1.37). Similar results were found for each atopic disease ever and current. MZ associations were not higher than DZ associations, suggesting that the liability is not genetic in nature. Including other familial candidates to the models made little difference to effect estimates.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceAtopic diseases and depression or anxiety tend to occur together in families; therefore, when treating for 1 disease, the physician should consider comorbidity in both the individual and the individual's siblings. We did not find evidence to support a genetic explanation for comorbidity, and further exploration is needed to disentangle the environmental and epigenetic reasons for familial aggregation.
Novel innate and adaptive lymphocytes: The new players in the pathogenesis of inflammatory upper airway diseases
Authors: Liu Y. , Yao Y. , Wang Z.‐C. , Ning Q. , Liu Z. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHost immunity (innate and adaptive immunity) plays essential roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory upper airway diseases, including allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Recently, the discovery of novel innate immune cells, particularly innate lymphoid cells, has renewed our view on the role of innate immunity in inflammatory upper airway diseases. Meanwhile, the identification of new subsets of T helper (Th) cells, including Th22, Th9 and follicular Th cells, and regulatory B cells in the adaptive immunity, has broadened our knowledge on the complex immune networks in inflammatory upper airway diseases. In this review, we focus on these newly identified innate and adaptive lymphocytes with their contributions to the immunological disturbance in allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. We further discuss the perspective for future research and potential clinical utility of regulating these novel lymphocytes for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis.
Liquid biopsy to monitor melanoma patients
Authors: Gaiser Maria Rita , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Gebhardt Christoffer , Utikal Jochen Sven 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDuring the last six years, several innovative, systemic therapies for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma (MM) have emerged. Conventional chemotherapy has been superseded by novel first‐line therapies, including systemic immunotherapies (anti‐CTLA4 and anti‐PD1; authorization of anti‐PDL1 is anticipated) and therapies targeting specific mutations (BRAF, NRAS, and c‐KIT). Thus, treating physicians are confronted with new challenges, such as stratifying patients for appropriate treatments and monitoring long‐term responders for progression. Consequently, reliable methods for monitoring disease progression or treatment resistance are necessary.Localized and advanced cancers may generate circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) that can be detected and quantified from peripheral blood samples (liquid biopsy). For melanoma patients, liquid biopsy results may be useful as novel predictive biomarkers to guide therapeutic decisions, particularly in the context of mutation‐based targeted therapies. The challenges of using liquid biopsy include strict criteria for the phenotypic nature of circulating MM cells or their fragments and the instability of ctDNA in blood. The limitations of liquid biopsy in routine diagnostic testing are discussed in this review.
The efficacy of functional gait training in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Booth Adam T C , Buizer Annemieke I , Meyns Pieter , Oude Lansink Irene L B , Steenbrink Frans , van der Krogt Marjolein M 
Published: March 2018

AimThe aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of functional gait training on walking ability in children and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThe review was conducted using standardized methodology, searching four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science) for relevant literature published between January 1980 and January 2017. Included studies involved training with a focus on actively practising the task of walking as an intervention while reporting outcome measures relating to walking ability.ResultsForty‐one studies were identified, with 11 randomized controlled trials included. There is strong evidence that functional gait training results in clinically important benefits for children and young adults with CP, with a therapeutic goal of improved walking speed. Functional gait training was found to have a moderate positive effect on walking speed over standard physical therapy (effect size 0.79, p=0.04). Further, there is weaker yet relatively consistent evidence that functional gait training can also benefit walking endurance and gait‐related gross motor function.InterpretationThere is promising evidence that functional gait training is a safe, feasible, and effective intervention to target improved walking ability in children and young adults with CP. The addition of virtual reality and biofeedback can increase patient engagement and magnify effects.What this paper adds

Functional gait training is a safe, feasible, and effective intervention to improve walking ability.

Functional gait training shows larger positive effects on walking speed than standard physical therapy.

Walking endurance and gait‐related gross motor function can also benefit from functional gait training.

Addition of virtual reality and biofeedback shows promise to increase engagement and improve outcomes.
Diagnostic performance of body mass index to identify excess body fat in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Duran Ibrahim , Schulze Josefa , Martakis Kyriakos , Stark Christina , Schoenau Eckhard 
Published: March 2018

AimTo assess the diagnostic performance of body mass index (BMI) cut‐off values according to recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Obesity Federation (WOF), and the German Society for Adiposity (DAG) to identify excess body fat in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThe present study was a monocentric retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data among children and adolescents with CP participating in a rehabilitation programme. Excess body fat was defined as a body fat percentage above the 85th centile assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsIn total, 329 children (181 males, 148 females) with CP were eligible for analysis. The mean age was 12 years 4 months (standard deviation 2y 9mo). The BMI cut‐off values for ‘overweight’ according to the WHO, WOF, and DAG showed the following sensitivities and specificities for the prediction of excess body fat in our population: WHO: sensitivity 0.768 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.636–0.870), specificity 0.894 (95% CI 0.851–0.928); WOF: sensitivity 0.696 (95% CI 0.559–0.812), specificity 0.934 (95% CI 0.898–0.960); DAG: sensitivity 0.411 (95% CI 0.281–0.550), specificity 0.993 (95% CI 0.974–0.999).InterpretationBody mass index showed high specificity, but low sensitivity in children with CP. Thus, ‘normal‐weight obese’ children with CP were overlooked, when assessing excess body fat only using BMI.What this paper adds

Excess body fat in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is less common than previously reported.

Body mass index (BMI) had high specificity but low sensitivity in detecting excess body fat in children with CP.

BMI evaluation criteria of the German Society for Adiposity could be improved in children with CP.
Age distribution and metabolic disorders in people with Type 1 diabetes in Beijing and Shantou, China: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Huo L. , Ji L. , Deng W. , Shaw J. E. , Zhang P. , Zhao F. , McGuire H. C. , Kissimova‐Skarbek K. , Whiting D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsTo examine whether the age profile of people with Type 1 diabetes differs from that of the general population and in what manner, and to study the clinical characteristics related to metabolic disorders among people with Type 1 diabetes in China.MethodsWe sequentially enrolled 849 people with Type 1 diabetes from hospital records review, inpatient wards and outpatient clinics. Data were collected via face‐to‐face interviews, medical records and venous blood samples. Beijing census data for 2011 were used to provide the general population statistics. Descriptive analysis of the results and tests for differences were performed.ResultsThe median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis of diabetes was 16 (9–28) years and the duration of diabetes was 4 (1–8) years. The mean ± sd HbA1c concentration was 76±28 mmol/mol (9.1±2.5%). Compared with the general population, the population with Type 1 diabetes comprised more young individuals and fewer elderly individuals. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome among those with Type 1 diabetes was 10.1% (95% CI 7.9–12.2). People with metabolic syndrome were older and were diagnosed with diabetes at an older age. Hypertension and dyslipidaemia were more common in obese individuals with Type 1 diabetes than in their non‐obese counterparts.ConclusionsCompared with the general population, people with Type 1 diabetes comprised more young and fewer elderly individuals. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Type 1 diabetes population was 10.1%. Hypertension and dyslipidaemia were more prevalent in obese than non‐obese individuals.
Neural substrates for allocentric‐to‐egocentric conversion of remembered reach targets in humans
Authors: Chen Ying , Monaco Simona , Crawford J. Douglas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTargets for goal‐directed action can be encoded in allocentric coordinates (relative to another visual landmark), but it is not known how these are converted into egocentric commands for action. Here, we investigated this using a slow event‐related fMRI paradigm, based on our previous behavioural finding that the allocentric‐to‐egocentric (Allo–Ego) conversion for reach is performed at the first possible opportunity. Participants were asked to remember (and eventually reach towards) the location of a briefly presented target relative to another visual landmark. After a first memory delay, participants were forewarned by a verbal instruction if the landmark would reappear at the same location (potentially allowing them to plan a reach following the auditory cue before the second delay), or at a different location where they had to wait for the final landmark to be presented before response, and then reach towards the remembered target location. As predicted, participants showed landmark‐centred directional selectivity in occipital–temporal cortex during the first memory delay, and only developed egocentric directional selectivity in occipital–parietal cortex during the second delay for the ‘Same cue’ task, and during response for the ‘Different cue’ task. We then compared cortical activation between these two tasks at the times when the Allo–Ego conversion occurred, and found common activation in right precuneus, right presupplementary area and bilateral dorsal premotor cortex. These results confirm that the brain converts allocentric codes to egocentric plans at the first possible opportunity, and identify the four most likely candidate sites specific to the Allo–Ego transformation for reaches.
Influences of photic stress on postsubicular head‐directional processing
Authors: Passecker Johannes , Islam Md. Nurul , Hok Vincent , O'Mara Shane M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe stress response serves vital adaptive functions. However, acute stress episodes often negatively impact cognitive processing. Here, we aimed to elucidate whether stress detrimentally affects the head‐direction cells of the postsubiculum, which may in turn impair downstream spatial information processing. We recorded neurons in the rats’ postsubiculum during a pellet‐chasing task during baseline non‐stress conditions and after a 30‐min acute photic stress exposure. Based on their baseline firing rate, we identified a subpopulation of head‐direction cells that drastically decreased its firing rate as a response to stress while preserving their head directionality. The remaining population of head‐direction cells as well as other neurons recorded in the postsubiculum were unaffected. The observed altered activity in the subpopulation might be the basis for spatial processing deficits observed following acute stress episodes.
Association between impaired renal function and stroke outcome in patients with versus without atrial fibrillation
Authors: Pan Y. , Jing J. , Chen W. , Wang Y. , He Y. 
Published: March 2018

Background and purposeChronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation (AF) are two commonly coexisting risk factors of stroke. The aim of this study was to compare the association between impaired renal function and poor prognosis in ischaemic stroke patients with versus without AF.MethodsPatients with ischaemic stroke in the China National Stroke Registry were included. Low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on admission was defined as <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Outcomes included stroke recurrence, death, poor outcome defined as 3−6 on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and ordinal mRS at 12 months.ResultsOf 9154 patients included, 1143 (12.5%) patients had a low eGFR. Patients with a low eGFR had more presence of AF compared with those with an eGFR of ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2 [21.5% vs. 6.9%; odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43–2.20]. An interaction of eGFR category by AF was observed for poor outcome and ordinal mRS (P for interaction = 0.04 and 0.002). In patients with AF, the OR with 95% CI of low eGFR was 1.86 (1.19–2.92) for stroke recurrence, 2.87 (1.82–4.52) for death, 1.83 (1.09–3.05) for poor outcome and 2.20 (1.52–3.18) for ordinal mRS. In patients without AF, low eGFR was only associated with death and ordinal mRS (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.28–2.02; common OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04–1.38; respectively).ConclusionsStroke patients with lower eGFR had more presence of AF. The associations of low eGFR with risk of poor prognosis in stroke patients with AF were stronger than those without AF.
Fatigue life prediction of additively manufactured material: Effects of surface roughness, defect size, and shape
Authors: Yadollahi A. , Mahtabi M.J. , Khalili A. , Doude H.R. , Newman J.C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of process‐induced voids and surface roughness on the fatigue life of an additively manufactured material are investigated using a crack closure‐based fatigue crack growth model. Among different sources of damage under cyclic loadings, fatigue because of cracks originated from voids and surface discontinuities is the most life‐limiting failure mechanism in the parts fabricated via powder‐based metal additive manufacturing (AM). Hence, having the ability to predict the fatigue behaviour of AM materials based on the void features and surface texture would be the first step towards improving the reliability of AM parts. Test results from the literature on Inconel 718 fabricated via a laser powder bed fusion (L‐PBF) method are analysed herein to model the fatigue behaviour based on the crack growth from semicircular/elliptical surface flaws. The fatigue life variations in the specimens with machined and as‐built surface finishes are captured using the characteristics of voids and surface profile, respectively. The results indicate that knowing the statistical range of defect size and shape along with a proper fatigue analysis approach provides the opportunity of predicting the scatter in the fatigue life of AM materials. In addition, maximum valley depth of the surface profile can be used as an appropriate parameter for the fatigue life prediction of AM materials in their as‐built surface condition.
Particle swarm optimization procedure in determining parameters in Chaboche kinematic hardening model to assess ratcheting under uniaxial and biaxial loading cycles
Authors: Li Jiawen , Li Qiang , Jiang Jinpeng , Dai Jian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs parameters in Chaboche model are difficult to be determined from experimental data, a single objective particle swarm optimization procedure was employed to obtain them. Hysteresis loop and uniaxial and biaxial ratcheting simulations were conducted to validate the determined models. Chaboche models determined by particle swarm optimization give more accurate simulation of ratcheting compared with the model determined by trial and error method. Chaboche models containing different backstress components were studied. Models determined considering uniaxial ratcheting can only predict uniaxial ratcheting precisely, while giving very bad simulation of biaxial ratcheting. The linear hardening rule in the N3L1 model clearly decreases the rate of the accumulation of ratcheting strain, and the N3L1 model gives the best simulations. For biaxial ratcheting, the fourth backstress component can decrease the rate of the accumulation apparently, while it has a little influence on prediction of uniaxial ratcheting.
Evaluation of ageing accuracy with complementary non‐lethal methods for slow‐growing, northern populations of shoal bass
Authors: Long J. M. , Holley C. T. , Taylor A. T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the upper Chattahoochee River basin, where some populations of shoal bass,Micropterus cataractaeWilliams & Burgess, are imperilled, age and growth data are lacking. Age and growth of shoal bass in this basin were assessed with non‐lethal means using scales and mark–recapture. Mark–recapture data allowed for estimation of accuracy and determination of effects of any scale‐based inaccuracies on growth models. Scale‐based age estimates were accurate for 57% of the samples, and errors of 1 to 3 years included equal numbers of over‐ and underestimates of age. von Bertalanffy growth models based on scale ages were similar to those based on mark–recapture ages for ages 3–8 but noticeably divergent for younger and older fish. Scales provided estimates of longevity up to 12 years of age, and growth models produced from mark–recapture suggest scale ages underestimated age, especially for older fish. These populations of shoal bass live longer and grow slower than other populations, suggesting regional management strategies may be needed.
Differences among patients with Alzheimer's disease, older adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults in finger dexterity
Authors: Suzumura Shota , Osawa Aiko , Maeda Natsumi , Sano Yuko , Kandori Akihiko , Mizuguchi Tomohiko , Yin Ying , Kondo Izumi 
Published: March 2018

AimWe have developed a smart terminal device for screening finger function, and investigated the capability of this tool for detecting abnormalities of finger dexterity.MethodsFinger dexterity was measured for 31 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD group), 15 people diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI group) and 48 family members (healthy older adult group) as the control. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination.ResultsThere were significant differences between the AD and control group in response time, rhythm and contact duration (P ≤ 0.05), and a negative correlation was identified between contact duration and Mini‐Mental State Examination score (−0.36 to −0.5; P ≤ 0.05). Also, there were significant differences between the AD and MCI group in response time and contact duration (P ≤ 0.05).DiscussionThese results show that declines in finger dexterity can reflect declining cognitive function, and that measurement of finger dexterity using our smart terminal device can facilitate screening of large groups for MCI or AD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 907–914.
Small dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol is a promising biomarker for secondary prevention in older men with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Sakai Koshiro , Koba Shinji , Nakamura Yuya , Yokota Yuya , Tsunoda Fumiyoshi , Shoji Makoto , Itoh Yasuki , Hamazaki Yuji , Kobayashi Youichi 
Published: March 2018

AimThe study objective was to investigate whether small dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL‐C) is superior to low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and other biomarkers to predict future cardiovascular events (CE) in secondary prevention.MethodssdLDL‐C measured by a homogeneous assay, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL particle diameter and other biomarkers were compared in 345 men aged ≥65 years with stable coronary artery disease. Baseline LDL‐C was 100.5 ± 30.1 mg/dL. CE including cardiovascular death, onset of acute coronary syndrome, need for arterial revascularization, hospitalization for heart failure, surgery procedure for cardiovascular disease and hospitalization for stroke were monitored for 5 years.ResultsCE occurred in 96 patients during the study period. LDL‐C, sdLDL‐C non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, glycated hemoglobin and brain natriuretic peptide were significantly higher; LDL particle diameter and apolipoprotein A‐1 were significantly lower in patients with than in those without CE. Age‐adjusted Cox regression analysis showed that sdLDL‐C per 10 mg/dL, but not LDL‐C, was significantly associated with CE (HR 1.206, 95% CI 1.006–1.446). A significant association of sdLDL‐C and incident CE was observed in statin users (HR 1.252, 95% CI 1.017–1.540), diabetes patients (HR 1.219, 95% CI 1.018–1.460), patients without diabetes (HR 1.257, 95% CI 1.019–1.551) and patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HR 1. 376, 95% CI 1.070–1.770).ConclusionssdLDL‐C was the most effective predictor of residual risk of future CE in stable coronary artery disease patients using statins and in high‐risk coronary artery disease patients with diabetes or hypertriglyceridemia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 965–972.