bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postnatal triglyceride accumulation is regulated by mineralocorticoid receptor activation under basal and stress conditions
Authors: Faught Erin , Vijayan Mathilakath M. 
Published: June 2019

Key points
Glucocorticoids (GCs) either enhance or reduce obesity in mammals, but limited information exists on the role of corticosteroid receptors in mediating the effect of GCs on lipid metabolism during postnatal development.
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation leads to triglyceride (TG) accumulation post‐feeding, whereas glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation reduces TG levels.
The TG profile was inversely related to the lipoprotein lipase (lpl) transcript abundance, and this gene was downregulated by MR activation.
Cortisol plays an important role in adipogenesis during postnatal development in zebrafish, and this includes gene/pathway‐specific signalling by GR, MR and GR/MR interactions.
Ubiquitous MR and GR knockout in zebrafish provides an excellent model to study the mode of action of GCs in regulating lipid metabolism.
AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) act through two receptors, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which differ in both their affinity to bind GCs and their function. As MR has 10‐fold higher affinity for GCs compared to GR, it has been postulated that MR activation occurs at basal levels, while stress levels of these steroid hormones activate GR signalling. There is a growing body of evidence that both these receptors are involved in GC‐mediated lipid metabolism. However, the role of GCs in lipogenesis and lipolysis is controversial, as these steroids appear to both enhance and reduce obesity. As lipid synthesis is a critical part of early development, we hypothesized that both MR and GR contribute to lipid regulation by GCs during postnatal growth. Using MR and GR knockout zebrafish, we demonstrate that MR activation, but not GR activation, is involved in triglyceride (TG) accumulation during the larval development post feeding. Lack of MRs did not affect the gene expression of fatty acid synthase (fas), or acyl‐CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (dgat2), but increased lipoprotein lipase (lpl) transcript abundance. Activation of GR with exogenous cortisol decreased TG levels and increased lpl mRNA levels, but these responses require the presence of MR. Larval transcriptome revealed that MR was the primary regulator of genes involved in lipid synthesis, while GR activation favoured lipid catabolism. Our results underscore a key role for MR activation in mediating postnatal lipid accumulation, as well as cooperatively regulating GR‐mediated lipolysis during postnatal stress.
New Insight Into Aspect Ratio's Effect on Secondary Losses of Turbine Blades
Authors: Teia Luis 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In view of improving the understanding of the loss mechanisms existing on a compact turbine driving a cryogenic engine turbo-pump for a satellite delivering rocket, a new perspective on how the aspect ratio of turbine blades affects the secondary and profile losses is presented. This perspective, originally based on published experimental data, is further developed by a series of back-to-back highly resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations, with the aim of acquiring further insight into the dynamics of the secondary vortices, and the intermediate boundary layer flow for varying blade heights. The main outcome redefines the extreme cases and the partition of losses between secondary and profile, and establishes a new critical ultra-low aspect ratio of 0.35 as a threshold distinguishing two different behaviors. The final venue of this new perspective is the possibility to further improve existing off-design turbine loss models, like those presented by Craig–Cox and Ainley–Mathieson.
Sports Participation and Attitudes Toward Race and Ethnicity: A Study of Twelfth-Grade Students in the United States
Authors: Denham Bryan E. 
Published: June 2019

Drawing on contact, social identity, and self-categorization theories, this study examines the extent to which adolescent sports participation associates with (a) concern about the treatment of minority groups and (b) worry about race relations in the United States. Based on data gathered in the 2016 Monitoring the Future study of twelfth-grade students, the study finds that females, Hispanic study participants, respondents in the West region, and sports participants expressed greater concern about minority treatment. On the second dependent variable, females, Black study participants, and respondents in the West region indicated greater worry about race relations. The study also examined whether attitudes appeared to vary across baseball/softball, basketball, and soccer participation. Baseball/softball participants, who were predominantly White, expressed less concern about minority groups but did not differ from others on attitudes toward race relations. Additionally, while Black adolescents competing in baseball/softball and soccer worried about race relations at relatively high levels, those competing in basketball expressed significantly less concern. Implications and recommendations for future research are provided.
A survey of Sierra Nevada magmatism using Great Valley detrital zircon trace-element geochemistry: View from the forearc
Authors: DeGraaff Surpless Kathleen , Clemens-Knott Diane , Barth Andrew P. , Gevedon Michelle 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe well-characterized Sierra Nevada magmatic arc offers an unparalleled opportunity to improve our understanding of continental arc magmatism, but present bedrock exposure provides an incomplete record that is dominated by Cretaceous plutons, making it challenging to decipher details of older magmatism and the dynamic interplay between plutonism and volcanism. Moreover, the forearc detrital record includes abundant zircon formed during apparent magmatic lulls, suggesting that understanding the long-term history of arc magmatism requires integrating plutonic, volcanic, and detrital records. We present trace-element geochemistry of detrital zircon grains from the Great Valley forearc basin to survey Sierra Nevadan arc magmatism through Mesozoic time. We analyzed 257 previously dated detrital zircon grains from seven sandstone samples of volcanogenic, arkosic, and mixed compositions deposited ca. 145–80 Ma along the length of the forearc basin. Detrital zircon trace-element geochemistry is largely consistent with continental arc derivation and shows similar geochemical ranges between samples, regardless of location along strike of the forearc basin, depositional age, or sandstone composition. Comparison of zircon trace-element data from the forearc, arc, and retroarc regions revealed geochemical asymmetry across the arc that was persistent through time and demonstrated that forearc and retroarc basins sampled different parts of the arc and therefore recorded different magmatic histories. In addition, we identified a minor group of Jurassic detrital zircon grains with oceanic geochemical signatures that may have provenance in the Coast Range ophiolite. Taken together, these results suggest that the forearc detrital zircon data set reveals information different from that gleaned from the arc itself and that zircon compositions can help to identify and differentiate geochemically distinct parts of continental arc systems. Our results highlight the importance of integrating multiple proxies to fully document arc magmatism, demonstrating that detrital zircon geochemical data can enhance understanding of a well-characterized arc, and these data may prove an effective means by which to survey an arc that is inaccessible and therefore poorly characterized.
Active perinatal care of preterm infants in the German Neonatal Network
Authors: Humberg Alexander , Härtel Christoph , Rausch Tanja K. , Stichtenoth Guido , Jung Philipp , Wieg Christian , Kribs Angela , von der Wense Axel , Weller Ursula , Höhn Thomas , Olbertz Dirk M. , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Rossi Rainer , Teig Norbert , Heitmann Friedhelm , Schmidtke Susanne , Bohnhorst Bettina , Vochem Matthias , Segerer Hugo , Möller Jens , Eichhorn Joachim G , Wintgens Jürgen , Böttger Ralf , Hubert Mechthild , Dördelmann Michael , Hillebrand Georg , Roll Claudia , Jensen Reinhard , Zemlin Michael , Mögel Michael , Werner Claudius , Schäfer Stefan , Schaible Thomas , Franz Axel , Heldmann Michael , Ehlers Silke , Kannt Olaf , Orlikowsky Thorsten , Gerleve Hubert , Schneider Katja , Haase Roland , Böckenholt Kai , Linnemann Knud , Herting Egbert , Göpel Wolfgang 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo determine if survival rates of preterm infants receiving active perinatal care improve over time.DesignThe German Neonatal Network is a cohort study of preterm infants with birth weight <1500 g. All eligible infants receiving active perinatal care are registered. We analysed data of patients discharged between 2011 and 2016.Setting43 German level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).Patients8222 preterm infants with a gestational age between 22/0 and 28/6 weeks who received active perinatal care.InterventionsParticipating NICUs were grouped according to their specific survival rate from 2011 to 2013 to high (percentile >P75), intermediate (P25–P75) and low (<P25) survival. We compared these survival rates with data in 2014–2016.Main outcome measuresDeath by any cause before discharge.ResultsTotal survival increased from 85.8% in 2011–2013 to 87.4% in 2014–2016. This increase was due to reduced mortality of NICUs with low survival rates in 2011–2013. Survival increased in these centres from 53% to 64% in the 22–24 weeks strata and from 73% to 84% in the 25–26 weeks strata.ConclusionsOur data support previous reports that active perinatal care of very immature infants improves outcomes at the border of viability and survival rates at higher gestational ages. The high total number of surviving infants below 24 weeks of gestation challenges national recommendations exclusively referring to gestational age as the single criterion for providing active care. However, more data are needed before recommendations for parental counselling should be reconsidered.Trial registrationApproval by the local institutional review board for research in human subjects of the University of Lübeck (file number 08–022) and by the local ethic committees of all participating centres has been given.
Cohort profile: the Hortega Study for the evaluation of non-traditional risk factors of cardiometabolic and other chronic diseases in a general population from Spain
Authors: Tellez-Plaza Maria , Briongos-Figuero Laisa , Pichler Gernot , Dominguez-Lucas Alejandro , Simal-Blanco Fernando , Mena-Martin Francisco J , Bellido-Casado Jesus , Arzua-Mouronte Delfin , Chaves Felipe Javier , Redon Josep , Martin-Escudero Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe Hortega Study is a prospective study, which investigates novel determinants of selected chronic conditions with an emphasis on cardiovascular health in a representative sample of a general population from Spain.ParticipantsIn 1997, a mailed survey was sent to a random selection of public health system beneficiaries assigned to the University Hospital Rio Hortega’s catchment area in Valladolid (Spain) (n=11 423, phase I), followed by a pilot examination in 1999–2000 of 495 phase I participants (phase II). In 2001–2003, the examination of 1502 individuals constituted the Hortega Study baseline examination visit (phase III, mean age 48.7 years, 49% men, 17% with obesity, 27% current smokers). Follow-up of phase III participants (also termed Hortega Follow-up Study) was obtained as of 30 November 2015 through review of health records (9.5% of participants without follow-up information).Findings to dateThe Hortega Study integrates baseline information of traditional and non-traditional factors (metabolomic including lipidomic and oxidative stress metabolites, genetic variants and environmental factors, such as metals), with 14 years of follow-up for the assessment of mortality and incidence of chronic diseases. Preliminary analysis of time to event data shows that well-known cardiovascular risk factors are associated with cardiovascular incidence rates, which add robustness to our cohort.Future plansIn 2020, we will review updated health and mortality records of this ongoing cohort for a 5-year follow-up extension. We will also re-examine elder survivors to evaluate specific aspects of ageing and conduct geolocation to study additional environmental exposures. Stored biological specimens are available for analysis of new biomarkers. The Hortega Study will, thus, enable the identification of novel factors based on time to event data, potentially contributing to the prevention and control of chronic diseases in ageing populations.
Dietary intake, physical activity and muscle strength among adolescents: the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team (MyHeART) study
Authors: Ng Ai Kah , Hairi Noran Naqiah , Jalaludin Muhammad Yazid , Majid Hazreen Abdul 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the role of dietary intake and physical activity in muscle strength among adolescents.DesignCross-sectional analysis.SettingThe Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team (MyHeART) study.ParticipantsFifteen-year-old secondary school children who have given consent and who participated in the MyHeART study in 2014.Primary outcome measureMuscle strength was measured in relation to dietary intake (energy and macronutrients) and physical activity by using a hand grip dynamometer.ResultsAmong the 1012 participants (395 male; 617 female), the hand grip strength of the males was higher than that of the females (27.08 kg vs 18.63 kg; p<0.001). Also, males were more active (2.43vs2.12; p<0.001) and consumed a higher amount of energy (2047 kcal vs 1738 kcal; p<0.001), carbohydrate (280.71 g vs 229.31 g; p<0.001) and protein (1.46 g/kg body weight (BW) vs 1.35 g/kg BW; p<0.168). After controlling for ethnicity, place of residency and body mass index, there was a positive relationship between hand grip strength and the intake of energy (r=0.14; p=0.006), carbohydrate (r=0.153; p=0.002) and fat (r=0.124; p=0.014) and the physical activity score (r=0.170; p=0.001) and a negative relationship between hand grip strength and the intake of protein (r=−0.134; p=0.008), for males. However, this was not observed among females.ConclusionsEnergy, carbohydrate and fat intakes and physical activity score were positively correlated with hand grip strength while protein intake was negatively correlated with hand grip strength in males but not in females.
Are Australians ready for warning labels, marketing bans and sugary drink taxes? Two cross-sectional surveys measuring support for policy responses to sugar-sweetened beverages
Authors: Miller Caroline L , Dono Joanne , Wakefield Melanie A , Pettigrew Simone , Coveney John , Roder David , Durkin Sarah J , Wittert Gary , Martin Jane , Ettridge Kerry A 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo assess public support for 10 potential policy initiatives to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption.DesignA 2014 historical data set, which employed a face-to-face survey in one Australian state (study 1), provided the basis for comparison with our 2017 nationally representative, cross-sectional, computer-assisted telephone interviewing population survey (study 2).ParticipantsStudy 1: South Australians, 15+ years (n=2732); study 2: Australians, 18+ years (n=3430).Primary outcome measures: levels of support for SSB-specific policy initiatives. For the 2017 national study (study 2), demographic characteristics, body mass index, knowledge of potential harms caused by consuming SSBs and SSB consumption were included in multivariable regression analyses.ResultsIn 2017, all 10 potential policy initiatives received majority support (60%–88% either ‘somewhat’ or ‘strongly’ in favour). Initiatives with educative elements or focused on children received high support (>70%), with highest support observed for text warning labels on drink containers (88%) and government campaigns warning of adverse health effects (87%). Higher support was observed for SSB tax paired with using funds for obesity prevention (77%) than a stand-alone tax (60%). Support for policy initiatives was generally greater among those who believed SSB daily consumption could cause health problems in adults (4%–18% absolute difference) and/or in children (8%–26% absolute difference) and lower among SSB high consumers (7+ drinks per week; 9%–29% absolute difference). State-specific data comparison indicated increased support from 2014 to 2017 for taxation (42%vs55%; χ2=15.7, p<0.001) and graphic health warnings (52%vs68%; χ2=23.4. p<0.001).ConclusionsThere is strong public support for government action, particularly regulatory and educational interventions, to reduce SSB consumption, which appears to have increased since 2014. The findings suggest that framing policies as protecting children, presenting taxation of SSBs in conjunction with other obesity prevention initiatives and education focused on the harms associated with SSB consumption will increase support.
A publicly well-accepted measure versus an academically desirable measure of health inequality: cross-sectional comparison of the difference between income quintiles with the slope index of inequality
Authors: Khang Young-Ho , Lim Dohee , Bahk Jinwook , Kim Ikhan , Kang Hee-Yeon , Chang Youngs , Jung-Choi Kyunghee 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe difference between income quintiles in health is relatively well accepted by the general public as a measure of health inequality. However, the slope index of inequality (SII) in health reflects the patterns of all social groups, including the middle 60%, and it could therefore be considered more academically desirable. If these two measures are closely correlated, the widespread use of the difference between income quintiles in health would be better supported. This study was conducted to compare differences between income quintiles in life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy (HLE) with the SII.DesignCross-sectional comparison using correlational analysis of district level income differences in LE and HLE with associated SII.SettingAll 252 subnational districts of Korea.ParticipantsA total of 342 439 895 subjects (171 287 729 men, 171 152 166 women) and 1 753 476 deaths (970 928 men, 782 548 women) between 2008 and 2014 were analysed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDifference in LE and HLE by income quintile and associated SII.ResultsThe Pearson correlation coefficients between differences between income quintiles and the SII were generally high: 0.97 (95% CI 0.96 to 0.98) for LE in men and women combined and 0.96 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.97) for HLE in men and women combined. In most districts, the SII was greater than the difference between income quintiles.ConclusionDifferences between income quintiles were closely correlated with the SII. The widespread use of differences between income quintiles in health as a measure of health inequality may be preferable for communicating results of health inequality measurements to the public.
Transmitral inflow wave and progression from paroxysmal to permanent atrial fibrillation in Asian people
Authors: Nakagawa Takashi , Hara Hisao , Yamamoto Masaya , Matsushita Yumi , Hiroi Yukio 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveParoxysmal atrial fibrillation could progress to permanent atrial fibrillation. Whether the transmitral inflow waves could be used to predict progression from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation to permanent atrial fibrillation is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the association between the transmitral inflow waves and progression of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.MethodWe performed a retrospective study by analysing clinical and echocardiographic data from 88 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. We excluded patients who had structural heart disease, significant valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, cardiac device implantation or a left ventricular ejection fraction <50%.ResultThe patients with progression to permanent atrial fibrillation were more likely to be male and had lower peak A velocity than those without progression. After adjusting for covariates, lower peak A velocity remained the independent predictor of progression to permanent atrial fibrillation (p=0.025).ConclusionThe A velocity could be useful for predicting progression to permanent atrial fibrillation in Asian people.
Purple prairie clover seed viability and germinability after passing through the digestive tracts of yearling steers
Authors: Gu Chen , Iwaasa Alan D. , Zhao Mengli 
Published: June 2019

Endozoochory by cattle has been considered an important method for population self-regeneration; however, the effects of cattle digestive tracts on the viability and germinability of purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.), a native North American species, remain understudied. The experiment was conducted at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Swift Current Research and Development Centre in the semiarid prairie of western Canada. Purple prairie clover seeds extracted from cattle dung pats were tested for germination and compared with uningested and scarified seeds from the same paddock. The germination percentage (within 200 d) of the ingested seeds was 16.5% ± 0.8%, two times higher after passing through digestive tracts than uningested seeds (8.3% ± 1.2%), while 76.6% ± 1.5% of ingested seeds remained dormant. As many as 92.4% ± 0.9% of purple prairie clover seeds survived digestion due to their high hard seed rate (90.5% ± 1.0%), which was lower than the uningested seeds by 6.9%. Therefore, cattle dispersing purple prairie clover seeds with high viability and germinability is a low-cost method to increase and rejuvenate purple prairie clover for late-season grazing pastures.
Real-time detection of LMP1/LMP1 interaction in MβCD-induced apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells using FRET method
Authors: Wu Zhiwei , Ye Qing , Huang Yimei , Lin Yating , Zheng Mengmeng , Wang Xiaoyan , Xie Shusen , Lin Juqiang 
Published: June 2019

Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is known as an oncoprotein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells, which is considered to have a strong association with growth, invasion and metastasis of NPC cells through lipid rafts. Methyl-[Formula: see text]-cyclodextrin (M[Formula: see text]CD) can disrupt lipid rafts through cholesterol depletion. In this study, we revealed that M[Formula: see text]CD induced apoptosis in two kinds of NPC cells including CNE1 cells, a LMP1-negative nasopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cell line, and CNE1-LMP1 cells, a LMP1-positive nasopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cell line. Furthermore, the impact of M[Formula: see text]CD on LMP1 was investigated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) method in NPC cells. Synchronized tempo-spatial and spectral detection of LMP1/LMP1 interaction were performed using fluorescence microscope and spectrograph. FRET efficiency indicated that LMP1/LMP1 interaction gradually enhanced after M[Formula: see text]CD treatment. MTT assays showed that M[Formula: see text]CD caused strong cytotoxicity in CNE1 cells, but caused relatively weaker cytotoxicity in CNE1-LMP1 cells, which indicated that LMP1 may regulate sensitivity of NPC cells to M[Formula: see text]CD. Then, detection of cleaved caspase-3 in two kinds of NPC cells indicated that LMP1 may inhibit activation of caspase-3. These results strongly suggested that M[Formula: see text]CD can induce apoptosis of NPC cells, but enhancing of LMP1/LMP1 interaction may likely resist apoptosis through inhibiting cleavage of caspase-3.