bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery
Authors: Conte Sean M. , Florisson Daniel S. , De Bono Joshua A. , Davies Reece A. , Newcomb Andrew E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol addressing the question ‘for post‐cardiac surgery atrial fibrillation (AF), do clinical outcomes differ between rate or rhythm control strategies?’ Altogether, 2174 papers were found using the reported searches, of which 5 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. Hospital length of stay ranged from 5.0 to 13.2 days for rate control and 5.2 to 10.3 days for rhythm control. Freedom from AF at follow up was achieved in 84.2–91 and 84.2–96% in rate and rhythm control groups respectively. Minimal serious adverse events were noted in all studies analysed and there was no difference between rate and rhythm control groups. We conclude that in the management of post‐cardiac surgery, AF, rate control and rhythm control are equivalent in terms of hospital length of stay, freedom from arrhythmia at follow up and complication rates.
Barriers and factors influencing communication between dental professionals and Child Welfare Services in their everyday work
Authors: Rønneberg Anne , Nordgarden Hilde , Skaare Anne B. , Willumsen Tiril 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAmong various health professionals, general dental professionals (GDPs) screen children frequently, giving them a unique opportunity to act upon suspicion of child maltreatment. The dental team has received considerable attention regarding safeguarding children.AimThe aims of this study were to explore whether GDPs have mutual collaboration and communication with the Child Welfare Services (CWS), and potential barriers for reporting child maltreatment.DesignAn electronically pre‐coded questionnaire was sent to all GDPs (n = 131) in the Public Dental Health Service (PDHS) in Oslo. Frequency distributions and statistical analysis were carried out by chi‐squared statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe response rate was 75%. Ninety per cent of GDPs had received requests from CWS to provide a child's dental chart. General dental professionals reported child maltreatment frequently (71%), but CWS only gave feedback in 55% of the cases. Uncertainty was the most common reason for not reporting and 33% of the GDPs had chosen not to send a report despite suspicion. Using guidelines increased frequency of reporting (OR 3.6).ConclusionsMutual collaboration and communication should be improved in the task of safeguarding children. Uncertainty and lack of guidelines may act as barriers for not reporting to the CWS.
Ancient habitat shifts and organismal diversification are decoupled in the African viper genus Bitis (Serpentes: Viperidae)
Authors: Barlow Axel , Wüster Wolfgang , Kelly Christopher M. R. , Branch William R. , Phelps Tony , Tolley Krystal A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimThe expansion of open habitats during the mid‐Miocene has been hypothesized as a driver of allopatric speciation for many African taxa. This habitat‐dependent mode of diversification has been implicated in the shift from C3 (e.g. forest/woodland) to C4 dominated systems (i.e. open savanna, grasslands) in a number of African squamates. We examined this hypothesis using a genus of African viperid snakes (Bitis) with both open habitat and forest‐dwelling representatives.LocationAfrica.MethodsA comprehensive multilocus dataset was used to generate a calibrated species tree using a multispecies coalescent model. Individual gene trees and patterns of nuclear allele sharing were used to assess species monophyly and isolation. To test the habitat‐dependent evolution hypothesis, we generated an ancestral character state reconstruction for open and closed habitats using the dated phylogeny. This was related to the timing of open habitat expansion and forest/woodland contraction in Africa.ResultsThe genus Bitis originated in the Oligocene, with species level diversification in the late Miocene/Pliocene. Four well‐supported clades correspond to the recognized subgenera Bitis, Keniabitis, Macrocerastes and Calechidna. Several previously unrecognized lineages potentially represent cryptic species.Main conclusionsHabitat‐dependent evolution does not appear to have been a main driver for generic level viperine diversification: the ancestral state for Bitis was open habitat and at least one clade moved into forest in the Miocene, long after forest had contracted and fragmented. Forest‐dependent species diversified only in the late Miocene, presumably as forest became further reduced in extent, fitting an allopatric model of speciation. Although our results do not favour a general pattern of habitat‐dependent diversification in Bitis, cladogenesis within the subgenus Calechidna for “arenicolous” species (Bitis caudalis complex) and “rupicolous” species (B. atropos‐cornuta complex), corresponds to the aridification of southwest Africa. This suggests there are subtleties not captured in the broad open habitat category, which are relevant for understanding the role of habitat‐dependent evolution.
The median eminence detects and responds to circulating prolactin in the male mouse
Authors: Kirk Siobhan E. , Grattan David R. , Bunn Stephen J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn addition to its established lactational roles, prolactin acts on multiple target tissues and its circulating levels are responsive to a range of physiological stimuli. The present study used immunohistochemistry to demonstrate that systemic administration of prolactin activates target cells in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence of the male mouse. Prolactin receptor stimulation results in the phosphorylation and thus activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5 pathway. Interestingly, although, in the arcuate nucleus, this response was localised to cell nuclei, the median eminence displayed both nuclear and diffuse, non‐nuclear, phospho‐STAT5 (pSTAT5) staining. Dual‐label immunostaining demonstrated that, although the majority of nuclear pSTAT5 within the median eminence was located within vimentin‐positive tanycytes, the non‐nuclear staining occurred primarily in neuronal (βIII tubulin immunoreactive) elements. This conclusion was supported by the marked reduction of this signal in prolactin‐treated mice lacking neuronal prolactin receptors. A smaller reduction was also seen in animals lacking prolactin receptors on GABAergic but not glutamatergic neurones. These findings identify a new prolactin target tissue and, in doing so, support the proposal that the median eminence has a sensory role in addition to its established secretory function. The physiological significance of this prolactin response is unknown, although its rapidity (maximum within 2 minutes of i.p. injection) suggests that it may enable the early detection of an increase in circulating prolactin. It is also possibile that non‐nuclear prolactin‐generated pSTAT5 in the median eminence may have a local, non‐transcriptional, action. To this end, we used Evans Blue dye to demonstrate that elevated prolactin appears to reduce median eminence permeability and also that this effect is lost in animals lacking neuronal prolactin receptors.
CCL2 promotes cell migration by inducing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ling Zihang , Yang Xi , Chen Xiaobin , Xia Juan , Cheng Bin , Tao Xiaoan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough a few studies suggested that the chemokine CCL2 might be involved in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the resource of CCL2 in lesions and explored a potential mechanism that CCL2 promotes tumor progression. The study was an effort to provide new insights into the pathological role of CCL2 in OSCC.MethodsSpecimens of OSCC and normal oral mucosa were stained using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess the CCL2 expression. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the difference of CCL2 between OSCC and normal oral mucosa cell lines. In addition, we treated OSCC cells with exogenous rCCL2 combined with or without CCL2 neutralizing antibody and then determined the changes of in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and cell migration capacity using immunofluorescence, Western blotting, transwell migration, and wound healing assays.ResultsWe have found that CCL2 expression was upregulated significantly in both lesions and cell culture supernatant of OSCC compared with controls. IHC staining demonstrated that CCL2 expression was primarily located in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of cells. We have also found that rCCL2 could effectively induce EMT through upregulating Snail in OSCC cells, which was demonstrated by the decrease of E‐cadherin and the increase of vimentin. In addition, we have found that CCL2 neutralizing antibody could block EMT induced by CCL2 in OSCC.ConclusionsCCL2 secreted by cancer cells can promote cell migration by inducing EMT via paracrine or autocrine in OSCC.
Growing season moisture drives interannual variation in woody productivity of a temperate deciduous forest
Authors: Helcoski Ryan , Tepley Alan J. , Pederson Neil , McGarvey Jennifer C. , Meakem Victoria , Herrmann Valentine , Thompson Jonathan R. , Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. 
Published: May 2019

Summary

The climate sensitivity of forest ecosystem woody productivity (ANPPstem) influences carbon cycle responses to climate change. For the first time, we combined long‐term annual growth and forest census data of a diverse temperate broadleaf deciduous forest, seeking to resolve whether ANPPstem is primarily moisture‐ or energy‐limited and whether climate sensitivity has changed in recent decades characterised by more mesic conditions and elevated CO2.

We analysed tree‐ring chronologies across 109 yr of monthly climatic variation (1901–2009) for 14 species representing 97% of ANPPstem in a 25.6 ha plot in northern Virginia, USA.

Radial growth of most species and ecosystem‐level ANPPstem responded positively to cool, moist growing season conditions, but the same conditions in the previous May–July were associated with reduced growth. In recent decades (1980–2009), responses were more variable and, on average, weaker.

Our results indicated that woody productivity is primarily limited by current growing season moisture, as opposed to temperature or sunlight, but additional complexity in climate sensitivity may reflect the use of stored carbohydrate reserves. Overall, while such forests currently display limited moisture sensitivity, their woody productivity is likely to decline under projected hotter and potentially drier growing season conditions.
Comparative Study of Percutaneous Sacroiliac Screw with or without TiRobot Assistance for Treating Pelvic Posterior Ring Fractures
Authors: Long Tao , Li Kai‐nan , Gao Jin‐hua , Liu Tian‐hu , Mu Jian‐song , Wang Xue‐jun , Peng Chao , He Zhi‐yong 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo analyze the curative effect of TiRobot surgical robotic navigation and location system‐assisted percutaneous sacroiliac screw fixation and percutaneous sacroiliac screw by traditional fluoroscopy, and to summarize the safety and benefits of TiRobot.MethodsA total of 91 patients with pelvic posterior ring fractures from December 2015 to February 2018 were included in this study. According to the surgical methods selected by the patients, the patients were divided into a TiRobot surgical robotic navigation and location system group (TiRobot group) and a percutaneous sacroiliac screw fixation group (traditional group). Statistical indicators included the number of sacroiliac screws, the time of planning the sacroiliac screw path, fluoroscopy frequency, fluoroscopy time, operation time, length of incision, blood loss, anesthesia time, the healing process of skin incisions, and fracture healing time. Fracture reduction was evaluated according to the maximum displacement degree at the inlet and outlet view X‐ray or CT. Matta standard was used to evaluate fracture reduction. At the last follow‐up, the Majeed function system was used to evaluate the function.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 8 to 32 months. A total of 66 sacroiliac screws were implanted in the TiRobot group. A total of 43 sacroiliac screws were implanted in the traditional group. There were statistically significant differences in terms of fluoroscopy frequency, fluoroscopy time, operation time, incision length, anesthesia time, and blood loss between the two groups; the TiRobot group was superior to the traditional group. The healing time of the TiRobot group and the traditional group was 4.61 ± 0.68 months (range, 3.5–6.3 months) and 4.56 ± 0.78 months (range, 3.4–6.2 months), respectively, and there was no statistical difference. Postoperatively, by Matta standard, the overall excellent and good rate of fracture reduction was 89.28% and 88.57%, respectively. At the last follow‐up, by Majeed function score, the overall excellent and good rate was 91.07% and 91.43%. There was no statistical difference between the two groups.ConclusionSacroiliac screw implantation assisted by TiRobot to treat the posterior pelvic ring fractures has the characteristics of less trauma, shorter operation time, and less blood loss. TiRobot has the characteristics of high safety and accuracy and has great clinical application value.
The development of an opioid sparing anesthesia protocol for pediatric ambulatory tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy surgery—A quality improvement project
Authors: Franz Amber M. , Dahl John P. , Huang Henry , Verma Shilpa T. , Martin Lynn D. , Martin Lizabeth D. , Low Daniel King‐Wai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPain management following pediatric tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy surgery is challenging and traditionally involves perioperative opioids. However, the recent national opioid shortage compelled anesthesiologists at Bellevue Surgery Center to identify an alternative perioperative analgesic regimen that minimizes opioids yet provides effective pain relief. We assembled an interdisciplinary quality improvement team to trial a series of analgesic protocols using the Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycle. Initially, we replaced intraoperative morphine and acetaminophen (M/A protocol) with intraoperative dexmedetomidine and preoperative ibuprofen (D/I protocol). However, when results were not favorable, we rapidly transitioned to intraoperative ketorolac and dexmedetomidine (D/K protocol). The following measures were evaluated using statistical process control chart methodology and interpreted using Shewhart's theory of variation: maximum pain score in the postanesthesia care unit, postoperative morphine rescue rate, postanesthesia care unit length of stay, total anesthesia time, postoperative nausea and vomiting rescue rate, and reoperation rate within 30 days of surgery. There were 333 patients in the M/A protocol, 211 patients in the D/I protocol, and 196 patients in the D/K protocol. With the D/I protocol, there were small increases in maximum pain score and postanesthesia care unit length of stay, but no difference in morphine rescue rate or total anesthesia time compared to the M/A protocol. With the D/K protocol, postoperative pain control and postanesthesia care unit length of stay were similar compared to the M/A protocol. Both the D/I and D/K protocols had reduced nausea and vomiting rescue rates. Reoperation rates were similar between groups. In summary, we identified an intraoperative anesthesia protocol for pediatric tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy surgery utilizing dexmedetomidine and ketorolac that provides effective analgesia without increasing recovery times or reoperation rates.
The effect of suprainguinal fascia iliaca block on the recovery of patients after arthroscopic hip surgery
Authors: Alrayashi Walid , Zurakowski David , Sullivan Cornelius Arthur , Berde Charles B. , Askins Nissa , Sinnott Sean , Cravero Joseph P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent and young adult patients undergoing arthroscopic hip surgery experience significant pain in the immediate postoperative period. There is a small body of evidence that indicates suprainguinal fascia iliaca blocks can improve comfort during recovery from this intervention. Our hypothesis was that patients undergoing hip surgery would consume fewer opioids and have less pain in the perioperative time frame if they received the block as part of their analgesic regimen.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the outcomes of 716 patients, including 275 who received a suprainguinal fascia iliaca block, and 441 who did not have a block. Inclusion criteria included all age groups and American Society of Anesthesiologists, functional classes 1‐2. Patients who received other concurrent procedures or those with incomplete data sets were excluded. We utilized a regional anesthesia database that combined data from various repositories into one web‐based relational system. The primary outcomes were total opioid consumption and pain scores in the recovery room. Secondary outcomes included opioid side effects, block‐related complications, and total recovery room time. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate opioid consumption, side effects, and total recovery times. Pearson chi‐square was applied to assess the level of pain between the two groups.ResultsTotal opioid consumption was significantly less in the block group compared to those not receiving a block (0.28 mg/kg vs 0.35 mg/kg, P < 0.001, 95% CI of difference in medians 0.04‐0.10 mg/kg), but there was no statistical difference in pain scores. Patients with the regional block had a lower frequency of emesis in the PACU (0.7% vs 4.3%; P < 0.005, 95% CI of difference: 2‐25) and shorter PACU times (93 vs 108 minutes, P < 0.001, 95% CI of difference: 8‐23 minutes).ConclusionOur study supports the clinical effectiveness of suprainguinal fascia iliaca blocks in young patients undergoing arthroscopic hip surgery.
Effect of adding individualized occupational therapy to standard care on rehospitalization of patients with schizophrenia: A 2‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Shimada Takeshi , Ohori Manami , Inagaki Yusuke , Shimooka Yuko , Ishihara Ikuyo , Sugimura Naoya , Tanaka Sachie , Kobayashi Masayoshi 
Published: May 2019

AimWe examined the effect of individualized occupational therapy (IOT) compared to the usual group occupational therapy (GOT) on the rehospitalization of patients with schizophrenia.MethodsA prospective cohort study included patients with schizophrenia who were discharged within 1 year from a psychiatric hospital. Time to rehospitalization by treatment group (GOT + IOT or GOT‐alone) was evaluated with Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. The impact of demographics and clinical factors associated with rehospitalization was investigated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsOf the 111 patients who met the criteria, 54 were in the GOT + IOT group and 57 in the GOT‐alone group. Over the 2 years from discharge, the overall rehospitalization rate was 51.376% (56 patients); the GOT + IOT group demonstrated a significantly lower rehospitalization rate with 16 patients rehospitalized compared to 40 patients from the GOT‐alone group. Time to rehospitalization was significantly longer for the GOT + IOT group compared to those in the GOT‐alone group (P < 0.001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards models showed that type of occupational therapy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.543), medication adherence (HR = 0.343), access to resident support persons (HR = 0.450), and executive function at discharge (HR = 0.740) were all significantly associated with rehospitalization.ConclusionOur results provide support for the prolonging effects of IOT in relation to rehospitalization and the reduction of rehospitalization risk compared to patients with schizophrenia who receive GOT alone, in addition to supporting good cognition at discharge and favorable medication adherence.
Automatic classification of major depression disorder using arterial spin labeling MRI perfusion measurements
Authors: Ramasubbu Rajamannar , Brown Elliot Clayton , Marcil Lorenzo Daniel , Talai Aron Sahand , Forkert Nils Daniel 
Published: May 2019

AimNeuroimaging‐based multivariate pattern‐recognition methods have been successfully used to develop diagnostic algorithms to distinguish patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) from healthy controls (HC). We developed and evaluated the accuracy of a multivariate classification method for the differentiation of MDD and HC using cerebral blood flow (CBF) features measured by non‐invasive arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI.MethodsTwenty‐two medication‐free patients with the diagnosis of MDD based on DSM‐IV criteria and 22 HC underwent pseudo‐continuous 3‐D‐ASL imaging to assess CBF. Using an atlas‐based approach, regional CBF was determined in various brain regions and used together with sex and age as classification features. A linear kernel support vector machine was used for feature ranking and selection as well as for the classification of patients with MDD and HC. Permutation testing was used to test for significance of the classification results.ResultsThe automatic classifier based on CBF features showed a statistically significant accuracy of 77.3% (P = 0.004) with a specificity of 80% and sensitivity of 75% for classification of MDD versus HC. The features that contributed to the classification were sex and regional CBF of the cortical, limbic, and paralimbic regions.ConclusionMachine‐learning models based on CBF measurements are capable of differentiating MDD from HC with high accuracy. The use of larger study cohorts and inclusion of other imaging measures may improve the performance of the classifier to achieve the accuracy required for clinical application.
Reduced premovement positivity during the stimulus‐response interval precedes errors: Using single‐trial and regression ERPs to understand performance deficits in ADHD
Authors: Burwell Scott J. , Makeig Scott , Iacono William G. , Malone Stephen M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBrain mechanisms linked to incorrect response selections made under time pressure during cognitive task performance are poorly understood, particularly in adolescents with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using subject‐specific multimodal imaging (electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging, behavior) during flanker task performance by a sample of 94 human adolescents (mean age = 15.5 years, 50% female) with varying degrees of ADHD symptomatology, we examined the degree to which amplitude features of source‐resolved event‐related potentials (ERPs) from brain‐independent component processes within a critical (but often ignored) period in the action selection process, the stimulus‐response interval, were associated with motor response errors (across trials) and error rates (across individuals). Response errors were typically preceded by two smaller peaks in both trial‐level and trial‐averaged ERP projections from posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC): a frontocentral P3 peaking about 390 ms after stimulus onset, and a premovement positivity (PMP) peaking about 110 ms before the motor response. Separating overlapping stimulus‐locked and response‐locked ERP contributions using a “regression ERP” approach showed that trial errors and participant error rates were primarily associated with smaller PMP, and not with frontocentral P3. Moreover, smaller PMP mediated the association between larger numbers of errors and ADHD symptoms, suggesting the possible value of using PMP as an intervention target to remediate performance deficits in ADHD.