bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análisis histórico de los mezcales y su situación actual desde una perspectiva ecomarxista/ Historical analysis of mezcals and their current situation from an eco-marxist approach
Authors: Plascencia de la Torre María Fernanda , Peralta Gordon Lilian María 
Published: December 2018

En este artículo se aborda la situación histórica de la elaboración, el consumo y la comercialización de los destilados de agave que se producen en México, a partir de la Ecología Política, con enfoque ecomarxista. Se argumenta que, tras la mercantilización del mezcal, los productores artesanales vinculados a prácticas diversas y heterogéneas, que resultan más sustentables, son sistemática y legítimamente excluidos y despojados tanto de los agaves como del conocimiento para elaborar mezcales. Esto, con miras a favorecer la producción industrial ligada a la acumulación de capital. A través de un análisis histórico, con énfasis a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX e inicios del XXI, se definen los principales cambios en las condiciones y medios de producción del mezcal. Se examina la transformación de valor de uso a valor de cambio y la mutación de los agaves en mercancías ficticias, como resultado de la mercantilización del mezcal. Por último, se describen los esquemas políticos y legales que el Estado mexicano utiliza contemporáneamente para legitimar la exclusión y el despojo de los pequeños productores.
Abstract
This article analyzes the history of production, consume and commercialization of distillate agave manufactured in Mexico, through Political Ecology, from an eco-marxist approach. The main argument is that those artisans whose practices are diverse and heterogeneous, are systematically and legitimately excluded and stripped of the agaves and the associated knowledge to elaborate mescal, to favor industrial production linked to the accumulation of capital. Through historical analysis, with particular emphasis on the second half of the twentieth century to the present, the main changes in their conditions and means of production are defined. The transformation from use value to exchange value and the mutation of the agaves to fictitious commodities are examined. Finally, the article discusses the political and legal schemes used contemporarily by the Mexican State to legitimize exclusion and dispossession.
Geografía, economía y territorios rurales en América Latina: presentación del dossier/ Geography, economy and rural territories in Latin America: an introduction to the dossier
Authors: López María Fernanda , Carrión Andrea 
Published: December 2018

El artículo introduce una perspectiva geográfica para el estudio de la relación entre economía y territorios rurales latinoamericanos, a través de los conceptos de Milton Santos de horizontalidades y verticalidades. Se discuten dos aristas de esa relación: las dinámicas económicas que se materializan en los territorios, en el contexto de los impulsos espacio-temporales globales y la producción de escalas geográficas que resulta de esa materialización, a través de la relación entre actores y economías de base territorial. El análisis se organiza en cuatro líneas: 1) las políticas estatales y la reconfiguración económico-productiva territorial, 2) el extractivismo y las inequidades territoriales, 3) las nuevas formas espaciales de la fuerza de trabajo rural y 4) la espacialidad de la agricultura familiar. Se argumenta que las dinámicas económicas en los territorios rurales no están limitadas exclusivamente a la esfera de la producción, sino que abarcan procesos de reproducción y cuidado de la vida, en su sentido más amplio. Adicionalmente, en un contexto donde la movilidad, los ensambles y las redes son elementos distintivos de la nueva geografía rural, aparecen escalas híbridas con mayor flexibilidad, maleabilidad y vínculos amorfos entre espacios y lugares diversos.
Abstract
Through Milton Santos' concepts of horizontalities and verticalities, this article introduces a geographical perspective for studying the relationship between economy and rural territories in Latin America. Two dimensions of that relationship are approached: the spatio-temporal global impulses that take a material grounding at particular locations, and the production of scales of that grounding through the relationship between agents and localized economies. The analysis is organized into four themes: 1) state policies and economic-productive territorial restructuring, 2) extractivism and territorial inequities, 3) new spatial dynamics of the rural labor force, 4) spatiality of family farming. We argue that rural dynamics are not limited exclusively to the sphere of production, but encompass processes of reproduction and care of life, in its broadest sense. In addition, mobility, assemblages and networks are distinctive elements of current territorial dynamics, creating hybrid scales with greater flexibility, malleability and amorphous linkages between spaces and places.
First report of natural infection of Xerolenta obvia (Pulmonata, Mollusca) by Dicrocoeliidae (Digenea) larval stages in Turkey
Authors: ISMAIL Fatma Mohamed Abdualrazig Khalifa , GÜRELLİ Gözde 
Published: December 2018

Aim of study: This study aimed to investigate the
prevalence and morphological features of Dicrocoeliid larval stages (sporocysts
and cercariae) in the terrestrial snail Xerolenta obvia (Menke, 1828) inhabiting Kastamonu.

Material and Methods: X. obvia samples were gathered after rainfall in the surrounding areas of the Kastamonu province over
the spring (i.e. April and May) and autumn (i.e. October and November) of 2016. The samples were dissected alive, and their
hepatopancreata were removed and placed into glass tubes containing a 0.6% NaCl
solution. The hepatopancreas was dissected using a needle and liquid was spread on a slide as a thin layer, to investigate the parasites' live larval stages. Dicrocoeliid
larval stages (sporocysts and cercariae) were examined under a compound microscope, fixed in 5% formalin and stained with
Semichon's acetocarmine. The samples were also prepared for observation under a scanning electron
microscope.

Main results: This was the first report of X. obvia
as an intermediate host in the life cycle of the Dicrocoeliidae family in
Turkey. In Kastamonu, the infection prevalence was 0.78%, with its highest
occurrence in April.

Research highlights: Since the snails were gathered mainly from pastures surrounding the villages
and farms, where herbivorous animals graze, it was concluded that the larval stages found in the snails might belong to Dicrocoelium dendriticum. The presence of larval
stages of this trematode parasite in the snails gathered from the pastures
poses a risk to the definitive host animals.
Phylogeny of Some Melanoleuca Species (Fungi: Basidiomycota) in Turkey and Identification of Melanoleuca angelesiana A.H. Sm. As a First Record
Authors: KALMER Aysenur , ACAR İsmail , DIZKIRICI TEKPINAR Ayten 
Published: December 2018

Aim of Study: The purposes of the present study are to describe
and identify all collected Melanoleuca
samples using morphological characters, determine phylogenetic relationships
among species using DNA sequences of ITS and LSU regions and check the number
of subgenera of Melanoleuca genus.

Area of Study: Samples were collected from different parts
of Turkey and the study was conducted at the Department of Molecular Biology
and Genetics in Van Yüzüncü Yıl University.

Material and
Methods: Twenty-two samples, representatives of fourteen species, were used.
Structures of pileus, stipe, lamellae and basidia, cystidia, spores were used
as macroscopic and microscopic features, respectively. The nuclear ribosomal
internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS) and largest subunit (LSU) were
amplified for molecular analyses.

Main results: Taxonomic
positions of some Melanoleuca species
from Turkey were evaluated based on both morphological characters and sequences
of two different nuclear DNA regions. nrITS region was more informative (112
variable sites in ITS1, 1 in 5.8S and 95 in ITS2 subregions) compared to LSU
(46 variable sites). Analyses of ITS region revealed that the genus Melanoleuca was monophyletic and divided
into two subgenera as Melanoleuca and Urticocystis.

Research
highlights: Within studied species, Melanoleuca
angelesiana was firstly reported for mycobiota of Turkey
Using the Ultrasonic Stress Wave Technique to Evaluate Structural Timber Members of an Old Masonry Building
Authors: KOCA Gulru , DÜNDAR Türker , AS Nusret 
Published: December 2018

Aim of
study: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the current state of the
structural timber members of an old masonry building by using destructive and
non-destructive test methods and to determine the efficiency of non-destructive
test methods by obtaining correlations between destructive and non-destructive
test parameters.

&nbsp;

Area of
study: Specimens were extracted from different parts of an old semi-detached
masonry building in Istanbul, Turkey. The building was built at the beginning
of the 20th century in Kadıköy, a residential district in the Asia side of
Istanbul.

&nbsp;

Material
and Methods: Ultrasonic stress wave test was carried out on
specimens prepared from the structural members. Following the ultrasonic based
non-destructive tests, the bending strength and modulus of elasticity in the
bending tests were determined for the specimens.

&nbsp;

Main
results: According to the results of the experiments, it was observed that the
regression correlations were high for the softwoods (fir and spruce), but
relatively lower correlations were obtained for the chestnut specimens.

&nbsp;

Highlights:
Because
of the good R2 values obtained between the MOED and
mechanical properties of the softwoods, the non-destructive stress wave
technique can be recommended for the evaluation of softwoods in structures.
Although chestnut showed very good mechanical properties, a satisfactory
evaluation of the chestnut members could not be obtained because of the small
number of specimens. Further investigation is needed with large sample groups.&nbsp;
State estimation of conceptual hydrological models using unscented Kalman filter
Authors: Jiang P. , Sun Y. , Bao W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUnscented Kalman filter (UKF) has its origin in transforming the Gaussian random variables for nonlinear estimation and has received little attention in the context of state estimation of conceptual hydrological models. This paper introduces UKF to estimate state variables of a conceptual hydrologic model. A symmetric point approach and a scaling framework are used for performing the sample generation process of UKF. This paper investigates the application of UKF for state estimation with a synthetic case study in which both the simulated state, the true state, and the corrected state are precisely known. The results show that the use of UKF can improve the performance of both the model outputs and the state variables as the difference between the corrected trajectories and the true trajectories decreases rapidly and tends to vanish after only a few iterations. Our results and comparisons also demonstrated the capability and usefulness of UKF for state estimation in two real basins.
Chemical and microbiological quality of desalinated waters in Birjand city, Iran
Authors: Naghizadeh Ali , Kamranifar Mohammad , Masoudi Fatemehsadat , Nabavian Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The importance of water in everyday life is clear for humans and living creatures. In addition to supplying the water required for the body, it also contains necessary minerals. An increase or decrease in these minerals is responsible for various diseases and problems. Due to the growing consumption of treated water in Birjand, Iran and the need for the continuous monitoring of the quality of treated water, this descriptive research aimed to determine the chemical and microbiological quality of treated water of desalination stations in Birjand from September 23rd, 2015 to March 19th, 2016 (autumn and winter). Samples were directly taken from the desalination stations of Birjand. Physical and chemical tests were performed according to the Standard Methods. The results were compared with national standards as well as World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The results showed that almost all measured chemical and bacterial characteristics were less than the national and international standards. Also, the samples were standard in terms of coliforms and fecal coliforms. In some stations the concentrations of free residual chlorine and also magnesium were higher than standards. Therefore, periodic investigation of quality parameters is recommended in all desalination stations to reflect the results to authorities.
Evaluation of rainwater harvesting performance for water supply in cities with cold and semi-arid climate
Authors: Molaei Oweis , Kouchakzadeh Mahdi , Fashi Fereshte Haghighi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this study, the performance of rainwater harvesting (RWH) was assessed in terms of potential applicability for rainwater saving and non-potable water supply. Rainwater collecting from roofs of buildings was simulated in two cities with cold and semi-arid climate, namely Qazvin and Sanandaj. Rainfall statistics, information on the storage tank size, building roof areas and water demand (non-potable) were obtained. Buildings with roof areas of 100 m2 to 300 m2 were considered for the present study. It can be concluded that for cities located in cold and semi-arid climates, at least 60% of non-potable water can be supplied from roofs with a large area, a minimum 16% and maximum 70% for a low roof area, a minimum 8% and maximum 44% of the days per year from harvested rainwater. It is also found that for cities located in cold and semi-arid climates, it is possible to achieve at least 70% of non-potable water from large surface roofs. For the studied cities, with increasing tank size (1,000 to 5,000 L) rainwater saving was tangible for the same roof areas.
Simultaneous adsorption/reduction of bromate in water using nano zero-valent iron supported on ordered mesoporous silica
Authors: Xin Xiaodong , Sun Shaohua , Wang Mingquan , Zhao Qinghua , Li Wei , Jia Ruibao 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Bromate is mainly produced by ozone oxidation, and it is a kind of highly toxic substance in drinking water and a serious threat to people's health. It is difficult to remove it using traditional processes. The reduction of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) has proved to be an effective method to remove bromate in water. In this study, we designed and prepared a new kind of nanocomposite by loading nZVI into ordered mesoporous silica materials (nZVI/MCM-41), which avoided nZVI oxide and increased adsorption at the same time. The removal efficiencies of bromate by MCM-41, nZVI, and nZVI/MCM-41 were evaluated respectively. The result indicated that nZVI/MCM-41 showed the highest removal efficiency for bromate at pH 6.5, with an appropriate dose of 25 mg when initial bromate concentration was 0.2 mg/L. In the removal process, adsorption and reduction exist at the same time and reduction was the leading role. Kinetic studies showed that the removal of bromate by nZVI/MCM-41 followed pseudo-ﬁrst-order kinetics. Finally, bromine mass balance demonstrated that bromide was the only product for bromate reduction, suggesting that bromate was ﬁrst adsorbed onto nZVI/MCM-41 and reduced to innocuous bromide by nZVI subsequently.
Design, Synthesis and Bioactivity of Core 1 O-glycan and its Derivative on Human Gut Microbiota
Authors: Qu Huanhuan , Li Baixue , Yang Jingyi , Liang Huaiwen , Li Meixia , Ding Kan 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Disaccharide core 1 (Galβ1-3GalNAc) is a common O-glycan structure in
nature. Biochemical studies have confirmed that the formation of the core 1 structure is an important
initial step in O-glycan biosynthesis and it is of great importance for human body.

Objective:
Our study will provide meaningful and useful sights for O-glycan synthesis and their bioassay.
And all the synthetic glycosides would be used as intermediate building blocks in the scheme
developed for oligosaccharide construction.

Methods:
In this article, we firstly used chemical procedures to prepare core 1 and its derivative,
and a novel disaccharide was efficiently synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds
were elucidated and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. Then we employed three human gut
symbionts belonging to Bacteroidetes, a predominantphyla in the distal gut, as models to study the
bioactivity of core 1 and its derivative on human gut microbiota.

Results:
According to our results, both core 1 and derivative could support the growth of B. fragilis,
especially the core 1 derivative, while failed to support the growth of B. thetaiotaomicron and B.
ovatus.

Conclusion:
This suggested that the B. fragilis might have the specificity glycohydrolase to cut the
glycosidic bond for acquiring monosaccharide.
Antimicrobial Effects of Zataria multiflora and Ocimum basilicum on Escherichia coli O157:H7 During Ripening of Traditional Lighvan Cheese
Authors: Zendeh Mohammad B. , Razavilar Vadood , Mirzaei Hamid , Mohammadi Khosrow 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most common causes of contamination
in Lighvan cheese processing. Using from natural antimicrobial essential oils is applied method
to decrease the rate of microbial contamination of dairy products. The present investigation was done
to study the antimicrobial effects of Z. multiflora and O. basilicum essential oils on survival of E. coli
O157:H7 during ripening of traditional Lighvan cheese.

Methods:
Leaves of the Z. multiflora and O. basilicum plants were subjected to the Clevenger
apparatus. Concentrations of 0, 100 and 200 ppm of the Z. multiflora and 0, 50 and 100 ppm of
O. basilicum essential oils and also 103 and 105 cfu/ml numbers of E. coli O157:H7 were used. The
numbers of the E. coli O157:H7 bacteria were analyzed during the days 0, 30, 60 and 90 of the
ripening period.

Results:
Z. multiflora and O. basilicum essential oils had considerable antimicrobial effects against
E. coli O157:H7. Using the essential oils caused decrease in the numbers of E. coli O157:H7 bacteria
in 90th days of ripening (P <0.05). Using from Z. multiflora at concentration of 200 ppm can reduce
the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in Lighvan cheese.

Conclusion:
Using Z. multiflora and O. basilicum essential oils as good antimicrobial agents can reduce
the risk of foodborne bacteria and especially E. coli O157:H7 in food products.
Porous Carbon-Carbon Nanotubes Composites with Different Structures (CNTs/PC, CNTs@PC) as Catalysts for ORR
Authors: Song Ailing , Wang Lixin , Yang Wang , Li Yao , Cao Lei , Qin Xiujuan 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Non-precious metal based catalysts have become a hot research material
due to their easy availability, low cost and outstanding electrochemical performance. Among them,
carbon-based materials like carbon nanotubes and porous carbon with their own characteristics are
especially favored by researchers in the field of catalyzing oxygen reduction. Therefore, rational
construction of combining porous carbon with carbon nanotubes attracts great research attention on
the object to utilize the excellent porosity, large specific surface area of porous carbon and the good
electronic conductivity, high stability of carbon nanotubes to catalyze oxygen reduction. In this
work, we synthesized two catalysts with different structure of coating carbon nanotubes with porous
carbon by paralyzing a mixture of pre-prepared porous carbon, Co3O4 nanoparticles and melamine/
glucosamine hydrochloride. Then, the composites were applied to fuel cells as cathodic oxygen
reduction reaction catalysts, which both exhibited good onset potential and excellent stability.

Objective:
Briefly, the porous carbon was prepared by heating the mixture of glucosamine hydrochloride
and Co(NO3)26H2O under N2 flowing. Co3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by pyrolyzing cobalt
nitrate-impregnated cotton wool. The CNTs/PC was synthesized by pyrolyzing the mixture of porous
carbon, Co3O4 nanoparticles and melamine. The CNTs@PC was synthesized by pyrolyzing the mixture
of porous carbon, Co3O4 nanoparticles and glucosamine hydrochloride. The cyclic voltammetry,
liner sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements were analyzed to obtained the catalysis
performance for oxygen reduction.

Results:
Through the rational design of catalyst structure, porous carbon and carbon nanotubes with
different structures were constructed to expose more active sites on the surface of the sample. As a
result, the onset potential of CNTs/PC and CNTs@PC are all at 0.9 V. After 20,000s chronoamperometry
measurement, the current holding rate of CNTs/PC reached 95%, CNTs@PC was 94%,
while Pt/C was only 77%. This shows that the prepared catalysts possess outstanding stability compared
to Pt/C.

Conclusion:
In this work, we synthesized two catalysts with different structure by paralyzing a mixture
of pre-prepared porous carbon, Co3O4 nanoparticles and melamine/glucosamine hydrochloride,
growing carbon nanotubes on the surface (CNTs/PC) and inside (CNTs@PC) of the porous carbon
framework. The catalytic property of prepared CNTs/PC and CNTs@PC all possess good onset potential
and excellent stability toward ORR. Therefore, a reasonable design of the catalyst structure is
required to expose more active sites on the sample surface.
A New Model of Identifying Differentially Expressed Genes via Weighted Network Analysis Based on Dimensionality Reduction Method
Authors: Hou Mi-Xiao , Liu Jin-Xing , Gao Ying-Lian , Shang Junliang , Wu Sha-Sha , Yuan Sha-Sha 
Published: December 2018

Background:
As a method to identify Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs), Non-
Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has been widely praised in bioinformatics. Although NMF
can make DEGs to be easily identified, it cannot provide more associated information for these
DEGs.

Objective:
The methods of network analysis can be used to analyze the correlation of genes, but
they caused more data redundancy and great complexity in gene association analysis of high dimensions.
Dimensionality reduction is worth considering in this condition.

Methods:
In this paper, we provide a new framework by combining the merits of two: NMF is applied
to select DEGs for dimensionality reduction, and then Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network
Analysis (WGCNA) is introduced to cluster on DEGs into similar function modules. The
combination of NMF and WGCNA as a novel model accomplishes the analysis of DEGs for cholangiocarcinoma
(CHOL).

Results:
Some hub genes from DEGs are highlighted in the co-expression network. Candidate
pathways and genes are also discovered in the most relevant module of CHOL.

Conclusion:
The experiments indicate that our framework is effective and the works also provide
some useful clues to the reaches of CHOL.