bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarker prediction for membranous nephropathy prognosis by microarray analysis
Authors: Zhou Guangyu , Xin Guangda , Zhang Wenlong , Zhang Xiaofei 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to explore biomarkers for membranous nephropathy (MN) diagnosis and to provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of this disease.MethodsA microarray data set, GSE73953, was used, which contained 15 immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) samples, 8 MN samples and 2 healthy controls. Pretreatments were performed for the raw data, and then, the differentially expressed genes (DEG) were screened out using the limma package. The function and pathways of these genes were demonstrated through enrichment analysis. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed to uncover interactions of DEG from the protein level. MN‐related genes were further selected, integrating the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD).ResultsIn total, 446 and 231 DEG were identified in the comparisons of MN versus control and MN versus IgAN, respectively. JUN, NFKB1, TGFB1 and PPBP were the predominant DEG, and the latter two were especially differentially expressed between the MN and IgAN groups. UBL4A and EIF4G1 were the two most important DEG for MN because they were downregulated compared with both control and IgAN groups. The above‐mentioned genes were highlighted in the PPI networks and mainly enriched the ribosome‐ and platelet‐related function/pathways.ConclusionSeveral potential biomarkers were identified in MN, and some of them could well distinguish the MN from IgAN. Disruption of ribosome‐ and platelet‐related function or pathways might contribute to MN progression. EIF4F and UBL4A might be two novel biomarkers for MN prognosis. Nevertheless, more experimental validations are needed.
Plant organelle dynamics: cytoskeletal control and membrane contact sites
Authors: Perico Chiara , Sparkes Imogen 
Published: August 2018

Contents

Summary
381

I.
Introduction
381

II.
Basic movement characteristics
382

III.
Actin and associated motors, myosins, play a primary role in plant organelle movement and positioning
382

IV.
Mechanisms of myosin recruitment: a tightly regulated system?
384

V.
Microtubules, associated motors and interplay with actin
386

VI.
Role of organelle interactions: tales of tethers
387

VII.
Summary model to describe organelle movement in higher plants
390

VIII.
Why is organelle movement important?
390

IX.
Conclusions and future perspectives
391

Acknowledgements
391

References
391

SummaryOrganelle movement and positioning are correlated with plant growth and development. Movement characteristics are seemingly erratic yet respond to external stimuli including pathogens and light. Given these clear correlations, we still do not understand the specific roles that movement plays in these processes. There are few exceptions including organelle inheritance during cell division and photorelocation of chloroplasts to prevent photodamage. The molecular and biophysical components that drive movement can be broken down into cytoskeletal components, motor proteins and tethers, which allow organelles to physically interact with one another. Our understanding of these components and concepts has exploded over the past decade, with recent technological advances allowing an even more in‐depth profiling. Here, we provide an overview of the cytoskeletal and tethering components and discuss the mechanisms behind organelle movement in higher plants.
Genetic map‐guided genome assembly reveals a virulence‐governing minichromosome in the lentil anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum lentis
Authors: Bhadauria Vijai , MacLachlan Ron , Pozniak Curtis , Cohen‐Skalie Aurelie , Li Li , Halliday Jerlene , Banniza Sabine 
Published: August 2018

Summary

Colletotrichum lentis causes anthracnose, which is a serious disease on lentil and can account for up to 70% crop loss. Two pathogenic races, 0 and 1, have been described in the C. lentis population from lentil.

To unravel the genetic control of virulence, an isolate of the virulent race 0 was sequenced at 1481‐fold genomic coverage. The 56.10‐Mb genome assembly consists of 50 scaffolds with N50 scaffold length of 4.89 Mb. A total of 11 436 protein‐coding gene models was predicted in the genome with 237 coding candidate effectors, 43 secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes and 229 carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes), suggesting a contraction of the virulence gene repertoire in C. lentis.

Scaffolds were assigned to 10 core and two minichromosomes using a population (race 0 × race 1, n = 94 progeny isolates) sequencing‐based, high‐density (14 312 single nucleotide polymorphisms) genetic map. Composite interval mapping revealed a single quantitative trait locus (QTL), qClVIR‐11, located on minichromosome 11, explaining 85% of the variability in virulence of the C. lentis population. The QTL covers a physical distance of 0.84 Mb with 98 genes, including seven candidate effector and two secondary metabolite genes.

Taken together, the study provides genetic and physical evidence for the existence of a minichromosome controlling the C. lentis virulence on lentil.
Metabolic profiling of wheat rachis node infection by Fusarium graminearum – decoding deoxynivalenol‐dependent susceptibility
Authors: Bönnighausen Jakob , Schauer Nicolas , Schäfer Wilhelm , Bormann Jörg 
Published: August 2018

Summary

Fusarium graminearum is a filamentous ascomycete and the causal agent of Fusarium head blight on wheat that threatens food and feed production worldwide as infection reduces crop yield both quantitatively by interfering with kernel development and qualitatively by poisoning any remaining kernels with mycotoxins. In wheat, F. graminearum infects spikelets and colonizes the entire head by growing through the rachis node at the bottom of each spikelet. Without the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), the pathogen cannot penetrate the rachis node and wheat is able to resist colonization.

Using a global metabolite profiling approach we compared the metabolic profile of rachis nodes inoculated with either water, the Fusarium graminearum wild‐type or the DON‐deficient ∆tri5 mutant.

Extensive metabolic rearrangements mainly affect metabolites for general stress perception and signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, cell wall composition, the tri‐carbonic acid (TCA) cycle and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt as well as sugar alcohols, amino acids, and storage carbohydrates.

The results revealed specific, DON‐related susceptibility factors. Wild‐type infection resulted in an oxidative burst and the induction of plant programmed cell death, while spread of the DON‐deficient mutant was blocked in a jasmonate (JA)‐related defense reaction in concert with other factors. Hence, the ∆tri5 mutant is prone to defense reactions that are, in the case of a wild‐type infection, not initiated.
Saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp stoichiometry (C : N : P) across temperate rainforests as evidence of shared nutrient constraints among symbionts
Authors: Kranabetter J. Marty , Harman‐Denhoed Rachael , Hawkins Barbara J. 
Published: August 2018

Summary

Quantifying nutritional dynamics of free‐living saprotrophs and symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi in the field is challenging, but the stoichiometry of fruiting bodies (sporocarps) may be an effective methodology for this purpose.

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations of soils, foliage and 146 sporocarp collections were analyzed from 14 Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii stands across a podzolization gradient on Vancouver Island (Canada).

N and P concentrations were considerably higher in saprotrophic fungi. Fungal N% increased with soil N content at a greater rate for saprotrophs than ectomycorrhizal fungi, while fungal P% of saprotrophs was more constrained. Fungal N : P was more responsive to soil N : P for ectomycorrhizal fungi (homeostatic regulation coefficient ‘H’ = 2.9) than saprotrophs (H = 5.9), while N : P of ectomycorrhizal fungi and host tree foliage scaled almost identically.

Results underscore the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi as nutrient conduits, supporting host trees, whereas saprotrophs maintain a greater degree of nutritional homeostasis. Site nutrient constraints were shared in equal measure between ectomycorrhizal fungi and host trees, particularly for P, suggesting neither partner benefits from enhanced nutrition at the expense of the other. Sporocarp stoichiometry provides new insights into mycorrhizal relationships and illustrates pervasive P deficiencies across temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest.
The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on increasing salivary flow rate in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Yang Li‐Yu , Chen Hsing‐Mei , Su Yi‐Ching , Chin Chi‐Chun 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) program for hemodialysis on patients’ dry mouth and salivary flow rates.Subjects and MethodsA single‐blinded repeated measures study design was used. A total of 80 subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment group receiving a 250 µs; 50 Hz TENS program and a control group receiving a 50 µs; 2 Hz TENS program at acupoints ST 6 and TE17 three times a week for 3 weeks. Whole salivary flow rate and dry mouth intensity were measured totally five times for both groups, at pretreatment, after three, six, nineTENS sessions, and 1 week after the treatment was completed.ResultsAfter six TENS sessions were completed, whole salivary flow rates increased stably until the end of nine TENS sessions for the treatment group. In the follow‐up week after treatment, there was significant increase as well. However, significant improvement in dry mouth intensity was observed at all post‐tests than that at pretreatment in both groups.ConclusionWhole salivary flow rates and improvement in dry mouth intensity were only observed during and 1 week after the TENS sessions. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether this method can offer a long‐term effective nonpharmacological therapy for dry mouth‐disturbed hemodialysis patients.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRB mediated inhibition of oral streptococci
Authors: Biswas S. , Turner L. , Biswas I. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryLactobacillus rhamnosus is a lactic acid bacterium with a diverse ecological habitat. We recently isolated a L. rhamnosus strain (LRB) from a healthy baby‐tooth that had naturally fallen out. We determined the whole genome sequence of LRB and found that the isolate is closely genetically related to an intestinal isolate, L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103). However, the LRB genome had lost about a 75‐kb segment and undergone a genomic rearrangement. We assessed LRB's capacity to survive in the gut environment, at least temporarily. We found that LRB, like the intestinal isolate ATCC 53103, showed resistance to low pH but sensitive to bile salt. Surprisingly, we found that this oral isolate LRB showed strong antimicrobial activity against a variety of oral streptococci including Streptococcus mutans. The production of antimicrobial activity is dependent on media composition since some media supported the production while others did not. The production of antimicrobial activity is also dependent on growth temperature, with optimal production at 37°C. The antimicrobial activity was not restricted to streptococci, but effective against a variety of organisms, including ESKAPE pathogens.
Urticaria in children and adolescents: An updated review of the pathogenesis and management
Authors: Kudryavtseva Asya V. , Neskorodova Katerina A. , Staubach Petra 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present survey represents the latest data on diagnosis and management of childhood urticaria. It has been observed that urticaria occurs less often in children than adults, with symptoms rarely lasting for over 6 weeks. Triggers or aggravating factors can be found only in 21%‐55% of cases. Finding autoantibodies in children does not impact a disease prognosis, unlike in adult patients, where the presence of autoantibodies is associated with a more prolonged run of the disease, a more severe prognosis and more intensive treatment methods. The incidence of food allergy equals to 8%‐10% of cases. The incidence of Helicobacter Pylori infection in children is lower than that in adults and comes to 10%‐18%. Medical experts recommend using the same treatment schemes for adults and children. This survey describes different urticaria management patterns suggested by experts from Europe, America, and Russia in their recent guidelines. It has been noted that unlike the guidelines from 2014, the 2018 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of urticarial once again suggest a four‐step treatment scheme with assigning omalizumab for Step 3 and cyclosporine A for Step 4 in the event of low therapeutic efficacy of the previous step or its impossibility. Leukotriene antagonists (LTRAs) are currently removed from basic management to alternative programs.
Cambrian petalonamid Stromatoveris phylogenetically links Ediacaran biota to later animals
Authors: Hoyal Cuthill Jennifer F. , Han Jian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMacro‐organisms of the Ediacaran period (635–541 Ma) were large and morphologically complex, with some living in aphotic habitats, presenting the possibility that they were early animals. However, ‘bizarre’ Ediacaran morphologies and mouldic preservation have frustrated comparison to later taxa. Consequently, both the positions of Ediacaran biota in the tree of life and the origins of the Metazoa have remained disputed. Here we provide phylogenetic evidence to identify Ediacaran macro‐biota as animals, based on 206 new fossils of Stromatoveris psygmoglena from the lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte. Exceptionally preserved soft‐tissue anatomy shows that Stromatoveris was a soft‐bodied, radially symmetric animal with multiple, sub‐branched petaloids and a differentiated holdfast. Photo‐referenced morphological character analysis enables phylogenetic reconstruction of a monophyletic clade designated Petalonamae, that unites Stromatoveris with iconic Ediacaran genera (Rangea, Pteridinium, Ernietta, Swartpuntia, Arborea, Pambikalbae and Dickinsonia) and is placed as sister‐group to the Eumetazoa. Therefore, based on phylogenetic bracketing within the Metazoa, the Ediacaran petalonamids are established as animals. From these findings, it follows that petalonamids remained an important component of Cambrian marine ecosystems and that the metazoan radiation can be dated to a minimum age of between 558 and 571 myr.
Feasibility of autologous intraoperative blood collection and retransfusion in small children with complex congenital heart defects undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Kaiser Ania , Miller Kati , Tian Ganzhong , Moore Reneé H. , Guzzetta Nina A. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIntroductionAllogeneic blood product transfusion is common in pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass although it is associated with an increased risk for adverse events. Furthermore, numerous donor exposures may affect future blood transfusion needs and human leukocyte antigen matching for patients who may ultimately require cardiac transplantation. Autologous intraoperative blood collection and retransfusion is a known method of blood preservation, but has not been extensively practiced in pediatric patients. In this study we assess the feasibility of this blood conservation technique in small children with complex congenital heart defects undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.MethodsAfter Institutional Review Board approval, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children weighing <10 kg who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass over a 2‐year period. Eighteen patients underwent autologous intraoperative blood collection and retransfusion and comprised the study group. Eighteen control patients were chosen by a 1:1 matched design using preoperative hematocrit, surgical procedure, and body weight. Multiple corresponding demographic and surgical variables, transfusion data, and clinical outcomes were compared.ResultsPatient demographics, operative parameters and preoperative laboratory, and coagulation values were similar between the two groups. Despite the removal of autologous blood, study patients did not require more inotropic support prior to cardiopulmonary bypass. They also did not experience a significant increase in bleeding as measured by 24‐hour postoperative chest tube output. Study patients were exposed to significantly fewer donor units intraoperatively and within the first 24 hours postoperatively.DiscussionThe use of autologous intraoperative blood collection and retransfusion is a feasible option for small children with complex congenital heart defects undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Study patients received significantly fewer donor exposures without an increase in postoperative bleeding. Children who require multiple cardiac surgeries or eventually transplantation could benefit from this blood conservation technique.
Effects of the mesophyll on stomatal responses in amphistomatous leaves
Authors: Mott Keith A. , Peak David 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe role of the mesophyll in stomatal functioning in thin amphistomatous leaves was investigated by altering gas exchange for one surface and observing the effects on stomatal conductance for the other surface. Three methods of perturbing gas exchange on the adaxial surface were used. First, gas exchange for the adaxial surface was completely blocked with plastic wrap or vacuum grease. Second, leaves were inverted to induce closure of the adaxial stomata. And third, ambient humidity for the adaxial surface was reduced to induce stomatal closure on that surface. Experiments were performed at low light intensity and three different CO2 concentrations to test the idea that stomatal responses in thin amphistomatous leaves are partially controlled by a signal from the mesophyll that varies with light and CO2. In general, stomata on the abaxial surface opened when gas exchange on the adaxial surface was reduced, with the largest increases in conductance occurring at high CO2 concentration. The data are discussed with respect to role of a purported signal from the mesophyll and the partitioning of that signal between the two surfaces of the leaf.
A network model links wood anatomy to xylem tissue hydraulic behaviour and vulnerability to cavitation
Authors: Mrad Assaad , Domec Jean‐Christophe , Huang Cheng‐Wei , Lens Frederic , Katul Gabriel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPlant xylem response to drought is routinely represented by a vulnerability curve (VC). Despite the significance of VCs, the connection between anatomy and tissue‐level hydraulic response to drought remains a subject of inquiry. We present a numerical model of water flow in flowering plant xylem that combines current knowledge on diffuse‐porous anatomy and embolism spread to explore this connection. The model produces xylem networks and uses different parameterizations of intervessel connection vulnerability to embolism spread: the Young–Laplace equation and pit membrane stretching. Its purpose is upscaling processes occurring on the microscopic length scales, such as embolism propagation through pit membranes, to obtain tissue‐scale hydraulics. The terminal branch VC of Acer glabrum was successfully reproduced relying only on real observations of xylem tissue anatomy. A sensitivity analysis shows that hydraulic performance and VC shape and location along the water tension axis are heavily dependent on anatomy. The main result is that the linkage between pit‐scale and vessel‐scale anatomical characters, along with xylem network topology, affects VCs significantly. This work underscores the importance of stepping up research related to the three‐dimensional network structure of xylem tissues. The proposed model's versatility makes it an important tool to explore similar future questions.
Identification of neurophysiological biotypes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Barth Beatrix , Mayer‐Carius Kerstin , Strehl Ute , Kelava Augustin , Häußinger Florian Benedikt , Fallgatter Andreas Jochen , Ehlis Ann‐Christine 
Published: August 2018

AimFindings on neurophysiological alterations in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been proposed to underlie ADHD symptoms, with different etiological pathways for different patient biotypes. We aimed at determining whether neurophysiological deviations confirm distinct neurophysiological profiles in ADHD, thus providing direct evidence for the endophenotype concept.MethodsNeurophysiological biotypes were investigated in 87 adult patients with ADHD using cluster analysis. Parameters fed into the analysis comprised both hemodynamic and electrophysiological data. To validate results, the independent variables of the clusters were compared with healthy controls.ResultsCluster analysis yielded three neurophysiologically based ADHD biotypes showing: (i) above‐average functioning in attention allocation; (ii) difficulties in attention allocation and inhibitory control but elevated frontal activation during a working memory task; and (iii) functional impairments in state regulation.ConclusionClassifying patients with ADHD into neurophysiological biotypes sheds light on etiological pathways, with implications for diagnostics and (individualized) treatment options.
Violence towards people with mental illness: Assessment, risk factors, and management
Authors: Bhavsar Vishal , Bhugra Dinesh 
Published: August 2018

AimViolence is an important problem for clinicians, for public health, and for victims. Aside from greater risk of perpetrating violence, people with mental illness are also more commonly victimized than the general population. However, guidance on the assessment and management of violent victimization in clinical settings is limited.MethodsWe carried out a review and consolidation of clinical and research literature on violent victimization in people with mental illness.ResultsAssessment of mental state in someone who has been victimized should evaluate both historical factors (such as pattern, timing, perpetrator characteristics, and contextual factors) and clinical factors (including affective and cognitive changes).ConclusionConcerted clinical and policy attention to factors that might increase vulnerability, such as alcohol use, lack of support, and the social environment, could improve outcomes.
Baby‐led complementary feeding: Randomized controlled study
Authors: Dogan Erkan , Yilmaz Gonca , Caylan Nilgun , Turgut Mahmut , Gokcay Gulbin , Oguz Melahat Melek 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundBaby‐led weaning (BLW) is an approach to introducing solid foods to infants that gives control of the feeding process to the infant. Anecdotal evidence suggests thatBLWis becoming popular with parents, but scientific research is limited to a few publications. This study assessed growth, hematological parameters and iron intake in 6–12‐month‐old infants fed by traditional or baby‐led complementary feeding.MethodsWe recruited 280 healthy 5–6‐month‐old infants allocated to a control (traditional spoon feeding;TSF) group or an intervention (BLW) group in a randomized controlled trial. Infant growth, hematologic parameters and iron intake were evaluated at age 12 months.ResultsInfants in theTSFwere significantly heavier than those in theBLWgroup. Mean weight in theBLWgroup was 10.4 ± 0.9 kg compared with 11.1 ± 0.5 kg in theTSFgroup. There was no statistically significant difference in the iron intake from complementary foods between theBLW(7.97 ± 1.37 mg/day) andTSF(7.90 ± 1.68 mg/day) participants who completed the diet records. Hematologic parameters were similar at 12 months. The incidence of choking reported in the weekly interviews was not different between the groups.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first randomized ‐controlled study to have examined the impact of weaning method on iron intake, hematological parameters and growth in breast‐fed infants.BLWcan be an alternative complementary feeding type without increasing the risk of iron deficiency, choking or growth impairment.