bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting Content and Logical Words
Authors: Chemla Emmanuel , Buccola Brian , Dautriche Isabelle 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Content words (e.g. nouns and adjectives) are generally connected: there are no gaps in their denotations; no noun means ‘table or shoe’ or ‘animal or house’. We explore a formulation of connectedness which is applicable to content and logical words alike, and which compares well with the classic notion of monotonicity for quantifiers. On a first inspection, logical words satisfy this generalized version of the connectedness property at least as well as content words do — that is, both in terms of what may be observed in the lexicons of natural languages (although our investigations remain modest in that respect) and in terms of acquisition biases (with an artificial rule learning experiment). This reduces the putative differences between content and logical words, as well as the associated challenges that these differences would pose, e.g., for learners.
US Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Practitioners’ Recommendations Regarding Condomless Sex in the Era of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Treatment as Prevention
Authors: Schreier Travis , Sherer Renslow , Sayles Harlan , Jacobsen Donna M , Swindells Susan , Bares Sara H 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to characterize human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) practitioners’ recommendations to patients regarding treatment as prevention, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and condom use among persons with HIV (PWH) with viral suppression and individuals receiving PrEP.MethodsA brief survey about counseling practices was distributed electronically to previous attendees of an International Antiviral Society–USA continuing medical education activity. Descriptive analyses were performed for all questions. Pearson χ2 tests were used to identify potential differences in counseling practices based on sex, degree/license, years in practice, number of PWH cared for in the past year, and practice location.ResultsOf the 3238 persons surveyed, 478 (15%) responded. 65% were female, 47% were physicians, 78% had been in practice ≥6 years, and 52% had cared for &gt;100 PWH in the last year. Of the respondents, 51% (95% confidence interval, 46.8%–56.0%) agreed that the evidence “supports, strongly supports or proves” that condomless sex with a PWH with viral suppression does not lead to HIV transmission, and 76% (72.2%–80.0%) commonly or always recommend condoms for such patients. Although 42% (95% confidence interval, 37.0%–46.0%) of respondents said the evidence “supports, strongly supports or proves” that condomless sex involving a person at risk for HIV infection receiving PrEP does not lead to HIV transmission, 81% (77.3%–84.5%) commonly or always recommend condom use for such patients. Responses differed significantly by practitioner experience, region, sex and degree.ConclusionsAlthough many practitioners caring for individuals with and at risk for HIV infection acknowledge that successful treatment or PrEP prevents transmission, the majority of practitioners commonly or always recommend condom use.
Learning without Widespread Policy Adoption: Early Childhood Education in the American States
Authors: Smith Kelly B 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDo states learn from other states through venues other than the legislative enactment of new policies? This article demonstrates that two-way learning can occur through alternative venues: (1) legislators can adjust the budget of similar state policies to mirror other states’ policies and (2) bureaucrats can learn from other states’ policies and incorporate that learning through non-legislative state action, such as standards. Using an original forty-three state, thirteen-year dataset, I find that elected officials can learn from nearby states’ policies and adjust other policies to mirror those states through the budget process. Using an additional and original forty-three state, nineteen-year dataset, I also find the bureaucrats can learn from other states’ policies and incorporate that learning into the development of their own standards. This article assesses how states learn from other states through venues other than legislative enactment of new, diffusing legislation.
State of the art review: oral and nasal vitamin B12 therapy in the elderly
Authors: Andrès E , Zulfiqar A -A , Vogel T 
Published: February 2019

Summary
The objective of this narrative review was to provide an update on oral and nasal vitamin B12 (cobalamin) therapy in elderly patients. Relevant articles were identified by ‘PubMed’ and ‘Scholar Google’ search from January 2010 to July 2018 and through hand search of relevant reference articles. Additional studies were obtained from references of identified studies, the ‘Cochrane Library’ and the ‘ISI Web of Knowledge’. Data retrieved from international meetings were also used, as was information retrieved from commercial sites on the web and data from ‘CARE B12’ research group. For oral vitamin B12 therapy, four prospective randomized controlled trials, eight prospective studies, one systematic and four reviews fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The studies included mainly or exclusively elderly patients (≥65-year-olds). In all of the studies, the mean age of the patients was at least 70 years except for two. The present review documents that oral vitamin B12 replacement at 1000 μg daily proved adequate to cure vitamin B12 deficiency, with a good safety profile. The efficacy was particularly marked when considering the noticeable improvement in serum vitamin B12 levels and haematological parameters, such as haemoglobin level, mean erythrocyte cell volume and reticulocyte count. The effect of oral cobalamin treatment in patients presenting with severe neurological manifestations has not yet been adequately documented. For nasal vitamin B12, only a few preliminary studies were available. We conclude that oral vitamin B12 is an effective alternative to intramuscular vitamin B12 injections in elderly patients. Oral vitamin B12 treatment avoids the discomfort, inconvenience and cost of monthly injections.
Depression and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Vallerand Isabelle A. , Patten Scott B. , Barnabe Cheryl 
Published: February 2019

Purpose of review
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with negative changes in mental health. This is generally attributed to symptoms of inflammation and the adverse impact of RA on quality of life and functioning. Until recently, causal pathways in the opposite direction have not been fully appreciated. This review examines the recent literature on the risk of RA associated with depression.

Recent findings
Current literature links depression with an increased risk of RA and with a more detrimental disease course. These effects are likely to be partially mediated by negative effects of depression on coping with RA and on factors such as medication adherence, both of which lead to poorer disease outcomes. Growing evidence also suggests that inflammation is central both to depression and RA and may account for some of the complex interplay between these conditions.

Summary
Awareness of a bidirectional relationship between depression and RA through a biopsychosocial framework may assist clinicians in maintaining an appropriate index of suspicion about the co-occurrence of these conditions. This review also suggests an important need for integration of rheumatologic and mental health services and generates hypotheses for future research towards a better understanding of both depression and RA.
O-arm Navigation Combined With Microscope-assisted MIS-TLIF in the Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Disease
Authors: Chen Kangwu , Chen Hao , Zhang Kai , Yang Peng , Sun Jiajia , Mo Jianqiang , Zhou Feng , Yang Huilin , Mao Haiqing 
Published: February 2019

Study design:
This is a retrospective study.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes between O-arm navigation combined with microscope-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (novel MIS-TLIF) and open-TLIF for the treatment of 1-level lumbar degenerative disease.

Summary of Background Data:
MIS-TLIF is becoming increasingly popular; however, the limited visualization may increase various surgical complications. O-arm navigation and microscope have the potential to display the specific anatomic structures and better magnification.

Materials and Methods:
This study involved 45 patients with 1-level lumbar degenerative disease who underwent novel MIS-TLIF or open-TLIF. Operating time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospitalization stay were analyzed. The accuracy of pedicle screw placement was assessed by computed tomography. Visual analog scale (VAS) scoring and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results:
Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the novel MIS-TLIF group compared with the open-TLIF group (P<0.05). The average time for hospitalization stay in the novel MIS-TLIF group was significantly shorter than open-TLIF group (P<0.05). However, the operative time of novel MIS-TLIF group was longer than open-TLIF group (P<0.05). The accuracy rate of pedicle screw position in the novel MIS-TLIF group which guided by O-arm navigation was higher than conventional open-TLIF group (96.4% vs. 86.5%; P<0.05). Meanwhile, the VAS score for the low back pain and ODI score in the novel MIS-TLIF group were lower than that in the open-TLIF group 1 month after surgery (P<0.05). No difference of the VAS score for leg pain was found between these 2 groups (P>0.05), neither as the fusion rate in between the 2 groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
O-arm navigation combined with microscope-assisted MIS-TLIF may has several advantages including less blood loss, shorter hospitalization stay, higher accuracy of pedicle screw placement, and faster recovery period in treating 1-level lumbar degenerative disease.
Concurrent Versus Sequential Chemoradiation for Low-grade Gliomas Meeting RTOG 9802 Criteria
Authors: Ryckman Jeffrey M. , Appiah Adams K. , Lyden Elizabeth , Verma Vivek , Zhang Chi 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9802 has established postoperative radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy sequentially as the new standard of care for patients with high-risk low-grade glioma (LGG) meeting trial criteria. Although this trial investigated sequential chemoradiation therapy (sCRT) with RT followed by chemotherapy, it is unknown whether concurrent chemoradiation therapy (cCRT) may offer advantages over sCRT.

Materials and Methods:
The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for newly diagnosed World Health Organization (WHO) grade II glioma. Patients with unknown surgery, RT, or chemotherapy status were excluded, along with patients below 40 years old who underwent gross total resection to coincide with RTOG 9802 exclusion criteria. The χ2, the Fisher exact, or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests evaluated differences in characteristics between groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate overall survival (OS) between groups (sCRT vs. cCRT). Cox proportional hazards modeling determined variables associated with OS.

Results:
In total, 496 patients were analyzed (n=416 [83.9%] cCRT, n=80 [16.1%] sCRT). Sequencing or concurrency of therapy did not independently influence survival on univariable/multivariable analysis. Factors associated with worse OS on multivariable analysis included advanced age (P<0.001), whereas mixed glioma (P=0.017) and oligodendroglioma (P=0.005) were associated with better OS than astrocytoma histologies.

Conclusions:
This is the only analysis of which we are aware of cCRT versus sCRT for LGG. There is no evidence that cCRT improves outcomes over sCRT.
IMPACT OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY REVIEW STRATEGY ON DETECTION OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION
Authors: Babiuch, MD Amy S. , Uchida, MD, PhD Atsuro , Figueiredo, MD Natalia , Hu, PhD Ming , Khan, MD Mehnaz , Srivastava, MD Sunil K. , Singh, MD Rishi P. , Rachitskaya, MD Aleksandra , Kaiser, MD Peter K. , Reese, BSN Jamie L. , Ehlers, MD Justis P. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To compare optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) review strategies for optimizing choroidal neovascularization (CNV) detection.

Methods:
Eyes with CNV in the differential diagnosis were imaged with the Avanti RTVue XR HD (Optovue, Fremont, CA). Three modalities of review for CNV presence were used in each case: a single report generated using automated segmentation within Avanti software; a continuous slab descent video OCTA export; and a manual segmentation approach using cross-sectional OCT with decorrelation signal overlay. Scans were reviewed by two masked expert reviewers; a third reviewer was used for discrepancies.

Results:
The study included 421 eyes, and 350 eyes had reports deemed sufficient quality for interpretation. Choroidal neovascularization was in the differential diagnosis in 107 of 350 patients. Overall CNV was identified in 55% (59/107) eyes. In those eyes with CNV, the automated segmentation identified CNV in 56% (33/59) of cases, continuous slab descent method identified CNV in 53% (31/59) of cases, and the manual segmentation group identified CNV in 92% (54/59) of cases.

Conclusion:
Review strategies for detection of CNV on OCTA were highest using the manual segmentation method as compared to both the automated report and continuous slab descent methods. Although the manual segmentation method had a higher rate of detection, the practical aspects of the time required for segmentation make this method challenging in routine clinical practice.
Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in Eyes With Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments
Authors: Ravera Vittoria , Bovone Cristina , Scorcia Vincenzo , D'Angelo Sergio , Busin Massimo 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the possibility of using the intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRSs) previously implanted as a depth reference for performing pneumatic dissection in deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).

Methods:
The depth of placement of 2 symmetrical ICRSs placed in the superior and inferior midperipheral cornea of 4 eyes of 4 patients with keratoconus was measured by means of anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Because of irregular and/or high astigmatism, DALK using pneumatic dissection was performed in all eyes. The standardized procedure included the following: 1) Deep trephination of the recipient cornea outside the ICRSs (9 mm in diameter), aimed at facilitating the insertion and advancement of a dedicated cannula under the ICRS implant, just within its peripheral margin; 2) air injection for pneumatic dissection; 3) removal of about 80% of the anterior stroma; 4) perforation of the “big bubble” ceiling under viscoelastic protection and removal of its central 6 mm; and 5) suturing of a donor lamella of the anterior stroma obtained by microkeratome dissection using a 450-μm head and punched to a diameter of 9 mm.

Results:
In all cases, the site for air injection was selected where the thickness of the stroma underlying the superior ICRS did not exceed 150 μm. Pneumatic dissection succeeded uneventfully in all eyes; postoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in 3 of 4 eyes, whereas refractive astigmatism was less than 3 diopters in all cases.

Conclusions:
The presence of ICRSs facilitates gauging the depth of cannula insertion at the time of DALK, to succeed with pneumatic dissection.
Etiopathogenesis of Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction: What We Know and What We Need to Know
Authors: Ali Mohammad Javed , Paulsen Friedrich 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To provide a systematic review of the literature on the etiopathogenesis of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).

Methods:
The authors performed a PubMed search of all articles published in English with specific reference to etiopathogenesis of PANDO or associations of PANDO. Data captured include demographics, study techniques, hypothesis, presumed or confirmed interpretations with regards to pathogenesis, mechanisms, or pathways. Specific emphasis was laid on addressing the lacunae and potential directions for future research.

Results:
Numerous factors are believed to contribute to the etiopathogenesis of PANDO. The basic pathogenesis involves inflammation, vascular congestion, mucosal edema, fibrosis, obstruction, and stasis. Bony nasolacrimal duct diameter does not appear to play a significant role. There is no convincing data to substantiate nose as the site of disease origin and nasal factors appear to be comorbidities. Hormonal mechanisms are more evidence-based but can only partly explain the pathogenesis. Vascular theories are based on the behavior of perilacrimal cavernous bodies, their autonomic control, and additional structural changes in the helical patterns of connective tissue fiber arrangements. Repeated vascular malfunction leading to structural epithelial and subepithelial changes currently appears to be the most evidence-based and accepted theory. Tear proteomics holds a promise in decoding the etiopathogenesis of PANDO, at least in part.

Conclusions:
The etiopathogenesis of PANDO appears to be multifactorial. Hormonal microenvironments, vascular factors, and tear proteomics are promising candidates for further work. There is a need for focused work by Clinician-Scientists and the answers can have far reaching clinical implications.
The Impact of HIV Infection on TB Disparities Among US-Born Black and White Tuberculosis Patients in the United States
Authors: Marks Suzanne M. , Katz Dolly J. , Davidow Amy L. , Pagaoa Melissa A. , Teeter Larry D. , Graviss Edward A. 
Published: February 2019

Background/Objectives:
US-born non-Hispanic black persons (blacks) (12% of the US population) accounted for 41% of HIV diagnoses during 2008-2014. HIV infection significantly increases TB and TB-related mortality. TB rate ratios were 6 to 7 times as high in blacks versus US-born non-Hispanic whites (whites) during 2013-2016. We analyzed a sample of black and white TB patients to assess the impact of HIV infection on TB racial disparities.

Methods:
In total, 552 black and white TB patients with known HIV/AIDS status were recruited from 10 US sites in 2009-2010. We abstracted data from the National TB Surveillance System, medical records, and death certificates and interviewed 477 patients. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of TB with HIV infection, late HIV diagnosis (≤3 months before or any time after TB diagnosis), and mortality during TB treatment.

Results:
Twenty-one percent of the sample had HIV/AIDS infection. Blacks (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI, 1.7-6.8) and persons with recent homelessness (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5-4.3) had greater odds of HIV infection than others. The majority of HIV-infected/TB patients were diagnosed with HIV infection 3 months or less before (57%) or after (4%) TB diagnosis. Among HIV-infected/TB patients, blacks had similar percentages to whites (61% vs 57%) of late HIV diagnosis. Twenty-five percent of HIV-infected/TB patients died, 38% prior to TB diagnosis and 62% during TB treatment. Blacks did not have significantly greater odds of TB-related mortality than whites (AOR = 1.1; 95% CI, 0.6-2.1).

Conclusions:
Black TB patients had greater HIV prevalence than whites. While mortality was associated with HIV infection, it was not significantly associated with black or white race.
The Epidemiology of Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in Australia and New Zealand Confirms the Highest Risk for Grade 4 Surface Breast Implants
Authors: Magnusson Mark , Beath Kenneth , Cooter Rodney , Locke Michelle , Prince H. Miles , Elder Elisabeth , Deva Anand K. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The epidemiology and implant-specific risk for breast implant–associated (BIA) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) has been previously reported for Australia and New Zealand. The authors now present updated data and risk assessment since their last report.

Methods:
New cases in Australia and New Zealand were identified and analyzed. Updated sales data from three leading breast implant manufacturers (i.e., Mentor, Allergan, and Silimed) were secured to estimate implant-specific risk.

Results:
A total of 26 new cases of BIA-ALCL were diagnosed between January of 2017 and April of 2018, increasing the total number of confirmed cases in Australia and New Zealand to 81. This represents a 47 percent increase in the number of reported cases over this period. The mean age and time to development remain unchanged. The implant-specific risk has increased for Silimed polyurethane (23.4 times higher) compared with Biocell, which has remained relatively static (16.5 times higher) compared with Siltex implants.

Conclusions:
The number of confirmed cases of BIA-ALCL in Australia and New Zealand continues to rise. The implant-specific risk has now changed to reflect a strong link to implant surface area/roughness as a major association with this cancer.
Concurrent Pancreatic Metastasis From Lung Adenocarcinoma and Primary Cholangiocarcinoma on FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Wang Wei , Kan Ying , Yang Xu , Liu Jie , Yang Jigang 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A 67-year-old man with a history of left upper lobe resection of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma 1 year ago underwent FDG PET/CT for restaging. The images demonstrated a round cystic lesion with peripheral FDG uptake and centrally photopenic region. Additional focus of increased activity was detected in the left lobe of the liver. The patient underwent the Whipple and partial hepatectomy. The surgical pathology demonstrated concurrently the metastasis to the pancreas from the lung adenocarcinoma and a primary moderately differentiated cholangiocarcinoma.
Appropriate Neck Ultrasonography Surveillance During the First 10 Years After Hemithyroidectomy in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Patients: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Choi Yun Seok , Kim Dong Wook , Lee Yoo Jin , Ha Tae Kwun , Jung Soo Jin , Baek Hye Jin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of tumor recurrence/persistence and determine the appropriate frequency and interval of follow-up neck ultrasonography (US) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy and long-term follow-up US. From January 2005 to December 2006, 179 patients underwent a hemithyroidectomy for the treatment of PTMC and at least 1 postoperative US surveillances. The postoperative follow-up US was performed by 2 radiologists for all patients. Based on the US and histopathologic results, tumor recurrence/persistence was determined. Of the 179 patients, the following results were determined after hemithyroidectomy: all patients exhibited T1 stage, while nodal metastasis to the ipsilateral level VI node (n = 27) and ipsilateral multifocality (n = 16) were found. Tumor recurrence was found in 5 (2.8%) of 179 and tumor persistence in 2 (1.1%) of 179. In the tumor recurrence cases, all patients underwent US-guided fine-needle aspiration for the newly detected thyroid nodule because of suspicious features on postoperative follow-up US (8-, 24-, 36-, 87-, and 96-month intervals). Differences were observed in the number of follow-up US sessions (mean, 5.2; range, 1–13) and in the interval period to the last follow-up (mean, 80.7 months; range, 8–138 months). Among the patients, 82 (45.8%) had a more than 120-month interval to the last follow-up US after hemithyroidectomy. In conclusion, the PTMC tumor recurrence rate was low, indicating that only 1 or 2 sessions of postoperative US follow-up may be sufficient to detect tumor recurrence within the first 10 years after hemithyroidectomy in PTMC patients.