bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Short‐Term Calorie Restriction for Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled, Open‐Label, Pilot Trial
Authors: Grundmann Franziska , Müller Roman‐Ulrich , Reppenhorst Annika , Hülswitt Lennart , Späth Martin R. , Kubacki Torsten , Scherner Maximilian , Faust Michael , Becker Ingrid , Wahlers Thorsten , Schermer Bernhard , Benzing Thomas , Burst Volker 
Published: March 2018

Background
Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication after cardiac surgery and is associated with adverse outcomes. Although short‐term calorie restriction (CR) has proven protective in rodent models of acute kidney injury, similar effects have not yet been demonstrated in humans.

Methods and Results

CR
_KCH (Effect of a Preoperative Calorie Restriction on Renal Function After Cardiac Surgery) is a randomized controlled trial in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a formula diet containing 60% of the daily energy requirement (CR group) or ad libitum food (control group) for 7 days before surgery. In total, 82 patients were enrolled between April 16, 2012, and February 5, 2015. There was no between‐group difference in the primary end point of median serum creatinine increment after 24 hours (control group: 0.0 mg/dL [−0.1 – (+0.2) mg/dL];
CR
group: 0.0 mg/dL [−0.2 – (+0.2) mg/dL];
P
=0.39). CR prevented a rise in median creatinine at 48 hours (control group: +0.1 mg/dL [0.0 – 0.3 mg/dL];
CR
group: −0.1 mg/dL [−0.2 – (+0.1) mg/dL];
P
=0.03), with most pronounced effects observed in male patients and patients with a body mass index >25. This benefit persisted until discharge: Median creatinine decreased by 0.1 mg/dL (−0.2 – 0.0 mg/dL) in the
CR
group, whereas it increased by 0.1 mg/dL (0.0 – 0.3 mg/dL;
P
=0.0006) in the control group. Incidence of acute kidney injury was reduced by 5.8% (41.7% in the
CR
group compared with 47.5% in the control group). Safety‐related events did not differ between groups.

Conclusions
Despite disappointing results with respect to creatinine rise within the first 24 hours, the benefits observed at later time points and the subgroup analyses suggest the protective potential of short‐term CR in patients at risk for acute kidney injury, warranting further investigation.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01534364.
Boosted Tree Model Reforms Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Infarct Prediction in Acute Stroke
Authors: Livne Michelle , Boldsen Jens K. , Mikkelsen Irene K. , Fiebach Jochen B. , Sobesky Jan , Mouridsen Kim 
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—
Stroke imaging is pivotal for diagnosis and stratification of patients with acute ischemic stroke to treatment. The potential of combining multimodal information into reliable estimates of outcome learning calls for robust machine learning techniques with high flexibility and accuracy. We applied the novel extreme gradient boosting algorithm for multimodal magnetic resonance imaging–based infarct prediction.

Methods—
In a retrospective analysis of 195 patients with acute ischemic stroke, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion-weighted imaging, and 10 perfusion parameters were derived from acute magnetic resonance imaging scans. They were integrated to predict final infarct as seen on follow-up T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery using the extreme gradient boosting and compared with a standard generalized linear model approach using cross-validation. Submodels for recanalization and persistent occlusion were calculated and were used to identify the important imaging markers. Performance in infarct prediction was analyzed with receiver operating characteristics. Resulting areas under the curve and accuracy rates were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results—

The extreme gradient boosting model demonstrated significantly higher performance in infarct prediction compared with generalized linear model in both cross-validation approaches: 5-folds (
P
<10e-16) and leave-one-out (
P
<0.015). The imaging parameters time-to-peak, mean transit time, time-to-maximum, and diffusion-weighted imaging were indicated as most valuable for infarct prediction by the systematic algorithm rating. Notably, the performance improvement was higher with 5-folds cross-validation approach than leave-one-out.

Conclusions—
We demonstrate extreme gradient boosting as a state-of-the-art method for clinically applicable multimodal magnetic resonance imaging infarct prediction in acute ischemic stroke. Our findings emphasize the role of perfusion parameters as important biomarkers for infarct prediction. The effect of cross-validation techniques on performance indicates that the intrapatient variability is expressed in nonlinear dynamics of the imaging modalities.
Plasma Aβ (Amyloid-β) Levels and Severity and Progression of Small Vessel Disease
Authors: van Leijsen Esther M.C. , Kuiperij H. Bea , Kersten Iris , Bergkamp Mayra I. , van Uden Ingeborg W.M. , Vanderstichele Hugo , Stoops Erik , Claassen Jurgen A.H.R. , van Dijk Ewoud J. , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Verbeek Marcel M. 
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a frequent pathology in aging and contributor to the development of dementia. Plasma Aβ (amyloid β) levels may be useful as early biomarker, but the role of plasma Aβ in SVD remains to be elucidated. We investigated the association of plasma Aβ levels with severity and progression of SVD markers.

Methods—
We studied 487 participants from the RUN DMC study (Radboud University Nijmegen Diffusion Tensor and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cohort) of whom 258 participants underwent 3 MRI assessments during 9 years. We determined baseline plasma Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42 levels using ELISAs. We longitudinally assessed volume of white matter hyperintensities semiautomatically and manually rated lacunes and microbleeds. We analyzed associations between plasma Aβ and SVD markers by ANCOVA adjusted for age, sex, and hypertension.

Results—

Cross-sectionally, plasma Aβ40 levels were elevated in participants with microbleeds (mean, 205.4 versus 186.4 pg/mL;
P
<0.01) and lacunes (mean, 194.8 versus 181.2 pg/mL;
P
<0.05). Both Aβ38 and Aβ40 were elevated in participants with severe white matter hyperintensities (Aβ38, 25.3 versus 22.7 pg/mL;
P
<0.01; Aβ40, 201.8 versus 183.3 pg/mL;
P
<0.05). Longitudinally, plasma Aβ40 levels were elevated in participants with white matter hyperintensity progression (mean, 194.6 versus 182.9 pg/mL;
P
<0.05). Both Aβ38 and Aβ40 were elevated in participants with incident lacunes (Aβ38, 24.5 versus 22.5 pg/mL;
P
<0.05; Aβ40, 194.9 versus 181.2 pg/mL;
P
<0.01) and Aβ42 in participants with incident microbleeds (62.8 versus 60.4 pg/mL;
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—
Plasma Aβ levels are associated with both presence and progression of SVD markers, suggesting that Aβ pathology might contribute to the development and progression of SVD. Plasma Aβ levels might thereby serve as inexpensive and noninvasive measure for identifying individuals with increased risk for progression of SVD.
Climate Change and Energy in the Arctic—The Role of the European Union
Authors: Dobson Natalie , Trevisanut Seline 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The effects of global warming in the Arctic region present a particular challenge for the European Union (EU), which seeks to profile itself as a leader in responding to climate change. Although the EU strives to prioritize climate protection, the Arctic region remains one of the EU’s major suppliers of energy, particularly oil and gas. The EU must thus strike a balance between climate change mitigation and adaptation, and energy security. The present article analyses the developments of the EU position in this field, particularly in light of the COP 21 negotiations, and the more recent 2016 Integrated European Union Policy for the Arctic. In doing so it seeks to explore to what extent the EU truly is fulfilling its own leadership aspirations in the field of climate change and energy in the Arctic.
Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Track to the Vertical Structure of a Nearby Monsoon Gyre
Authors: Ge Xuyang , Yan Ziyu , Peng Melinda , Bi Mingyu , Li Tim 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The impact of different vertical structures of a nearby monsoon gyre (MG) on a tropical cyclone (TC) track is investigated using idealized numerical simulations. In the experiment with a relatively deeper MG, the TC experiences a sharp northward turn at a critical point when its zonal westward-moving speed slows down to zero. At the same time, the total vorticity tendency for the TC wavenumber-1 component nearly vanishes as the vorticity advection by the MG cancels the vorticity advection by the TC. At this point, the TC motion is dominated by the beta effect, as in a no-mean-flow environment, and takes a sharp northward turn. In contrast, the TC does not exhibit a sharp northward turn with a shallower MG nearby. In the case with a deeper MG, a greater relative vorticity gradient of the MG promotes a quicker attraction between the TC and MG through the vorticity segregation process. In addition, a larger outer size of the TC also favors a faster westward propagation from its initial position, thus having more potential to collocate with the MG. Once the coalescence is in place, the Rossby wave energy dispersion associated with the TC and MG together is enhanced and rapidly strengthens the southwesterly flow on the eastern flank of both systems. The steering flow from both the beta gyre and the Rossby wave dispersion leads the TC to take a sharp northward track when the total vorticity tendency is at its minimum. This study indicates the importance of good representations of the TC structure and its nearby environmental flows in order to accurately predict TC motions.
Winds near the Surface of Waves: Observations and Modeling
Authors: Babanin Alexander V. , McConochie Jason , Chalikov Dmitry 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe concept of a constant-flux layer is usually employed for vertical profiling of the wind measured at some elevation near the ocean surface. The surface waves, however, modify the balance of turbulent stresses very near the surface, and therefore such extrapolations can introduce significant biases. This is particularly true for buoy measurements in extreme conditions, when the anemometer mast is within the wave boundary layer (WBL) or even below the wave crests. In this paper, field data and a WBL model are used to investigate such biases. It is shown that near the surface the turbulent stresses are less than those obtained by extrapolation using the logarithmic-layer assumption, and the mean wind speeds very near the surface, based on Lake George field observations, are up to 5% larger. The behavior is then simulated by means of a WBL model coupled with nonlinear waves, which confirmed the observations and revealed further details of complex behaviors at the wind-wave boundary layer.
Rheological investigation of high-acyl gellan gum hydrogel and its mixtures with simulated body fluids
Authors: Osmałek Tomasz Zbigniew , Froelich Anna , Jadach Barbara , Krakowski Marek 
Published: March 2018

Purpose Most of the studies concerning gellan have been focused on its application as a food ingredient, however, gellan is often considered as a candidate for the development of novel pharmaceutical formulations. Taking into account that gellan is ion-sensitive, it can be assumed that its initial mechanical properties can change upon contact with body secretions. Therefore, the aim of the work was to investigate the rheological properties of pure high-acyl gellan gum hydrogel (0.4%) and its mixtures with selected simulated body fluids. Methods The rheological investigations were performed on rotational rheometer and included oscillatory temperature, amplitude, and frequency sweeping. The results enabled estimation of the linear viscoelastic regime, calculation of the cross-over points, and percentage of structure recovery. Results In the case of pure hydrogel no evidence of thermosensitivity was observed in the range of 20–40°C. In pH = 1.2 (NaCl/HCl) the hydrogel structure was almost entirely destroyed. Mixing with phosphate buffer (pH = 4.5) resulted in higher gel strength than after dilution with deionized water. The opposite effect was observed in the case of pH = 7.4. The studies performed for the mixture of GG hydrogel and mucin indicated interaction between the components. The hydrogel elasticity increased in the presence of simulated tear, but decreased in simulated saliva and vaginal fluid. Conclusions In this study, it was shown that the stability of a three-dimensional gellan structure may be affected by pH and the presence of mucin which most probably competed with gellan gum in divalent cations binding. The observations presented in this study may be important in terms of potential application of gellan gum as a potential carrier in drug delivery systems.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Lottery-Based Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity Among Overweight and Obese Adults
Authors: Patel Mitesh S. , Volpp Kevin G. , Rosin Roy , Bellamy Scarlett L. , Small Dylan S. , Heuer Jack , Sproat Susan , Hyson Chris , Haff Nancy , Lee Samantha M. , Wesby Lisa , Hoffer Karen , Shuttleworth David , Taylor Devon H. , Hilbert Victoria , Zhu Jingsan , Yang Lin , Wang Xingmei , Asch David A. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of lottery-based financial incentives in increasing physical activity. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: University of Pennsylvania Employees. Participants: A total of 209 adults with body mass index ≥27. Interventions: All participants used smartphones to track activity, were given a goal of 7000 steps per day, and received daily feedback on performance for 26 weeks. Participants randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 intervention arms received a financial incentive for 13 weeks and then were followed for 13 weeks without incentives. Daily lottery incentives were designed as a “higher frequency, smaller reward” (1 in 4 chance of winning $5), “jackpot” (1 in 400 chance of winning $500), or “combined lottery” (18% chance of $5 and 1% chance of $50). Measures: Mean proportion of participant days step goals were achieved. Analysis: Multivariate regression. Results: During the intervention, the unadjusted mean proportion of participant days that goal was achieved was 0.26 in the control arm, 0.32 in the higher frequency, smaller reward lottery arm, 0.29 in the jackpot arm, and 0.38 in the combined lottery arm. In adjusted models, only the combined lottery arm was significantly greater than control ( P = .01). The jackpot arm had a significant decline of 0.13 ( P < .001) compared to control. There were no significant differences during follow-up. Conclusions: Combined lottery incentives were most effective in increasing physical activity.
Invasive fungal infections in Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Santamaría-Alza Y , Sánchez-Bautista J , Fajardo-Rivero J F , Figueroa C L 
Published: March 2018

Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with multi-organ involvement. Complications, such as invasive fungal infections usually occur in patients with a greater severity of the disease. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk variables associated with invasive fungal infections in a Colombian systemic lupus erythematosus population. Materials and methods A cross-sectional, retrospective study that evaluated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus for six years. The primary outcome was invasive fungal infection. Descriptive, group comparison and bivariate analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software. Results Two hundred patients were included in this study; 84.5% of the patients were women and the median age was 36 years; 68% of the subjects had haematological complications; 53.3% had nephropathy; 45% had pneumopathy and 28% had pericardial impairment; 7.5% of patients had invasive fungal infections and the most frequently isolated fungus was Candida albicans. Pericardial disease, cyclophosphamide use, high disease activity, elevated ESR, C3 hypocomplementemia, anaemia and lymphopenia had a significant association with invasive fungal infection ( P < 0.05). Conclusions We describe for the first time the prevalence of invasive fungal infection in a Colombian population with systemic lupus erythematosus, which was higher than that reported in other latitudes. In this population the increase in disease activity, the presence of pericardial impairment and laboratory alterations (anaemia, lymphopenia, increased ESR and C3 hypocomplementemia) are associated with a greater possibility of invasive fungal infections. Regarding the use of drugs, unlike other studies, in the Colombian population an association was found only with the previous administration of cyclophosphamide. In addition, patients with invasive fungal infections and systemic lupus erythematosus had a higher prevalence of mortality and hospital readmission compared with patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without invasive fungal infection.
Central venous catheterization–induced right brachiocephalic vein pseudoaneurysm: Successfully treated with stent-assisted coiling
Authors: Choi Sun-Ju , Do Young Woo , Oh Tak-Hyuk , Lee Hoseok , Cheon Hyejin , Lim Jae-Kwang , Lee Sang Yub 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Central venous catheterization–induced central vein pseudoaneurysm is rare. Several treatment options have been recommended. We describe a case of central venous catheterization–induced right brachiocephalic vein pseudoaneurysm successfully treated with an uncovered self-expandable stent-assisted coil embolization and discuss the imaging findings, treatment strategy, and review of literature associated with thoracic venous pseudoaneurysm. Case report: A 77-year-old woman was referred to our trauma center to undergo treatment for central venous catheterization-induced central vein pseudoaneurysm. The initial contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography revealed a 3.4-cm pseudoaneurysm arising from the right brachiocephalic vein and a surrounding mediastinal hematoma. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully embolized with stent-assisted coiling. Computed tomography angiography was performed 10 days after the procedure and demonstrated a completely embolized pseudoaneurysm and resolved mediastinal hematoma. Blood flow from the right subclavian and left innominate veins was not disturbed by the stent-assisted coils. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of treatment of a right brachiocephalic vein pseudoaneurysm with stent-assisted coil embolization. We think that uncovered stent-assisted coil embolization is the safest and most fundamental treatment for wide-neck venous pseudoaneurysm especially in a hemodynamically unstable setting.
Bondi Cinderellas: Storytelling and Gatekeeping in the Press
Authors: Turner Rosalind 
Published: March 2018

The engagement of Kate Fischer, actress, and Jamie Packer, media executive and son of Australia's richest man, ended in October 1998. In the week following the split, Packer signed over in entirety the Bondi apartment he had shared with Fischer. He was also sighted dining with another model, Jodie Meares (whom he later married). Also that week, Fischer left Australia for Hollywood. Sydney press coverage of these events continued for over a month. This paper is a case study of news stories about the break-up. Storytelling in the news is the initial focus, including consideration of ways in which Cinderella themes were embedded in several accounts. Conventional distinctions between soft news and hard news are also considered, because many accounts were located in sections of newspapers conventionally devoted to hard news. Placement and timing of the stories are also considered in terms of the gatekeeper metaphor. The concept of scandal is also briefly investigated.
Studying the User: A Matter of Perspective
Authors: Singh Supriya 
Published: March 2018

Providers and policy-makers are interested in understanding consumers' use of new media and technologies. The challenge, however, is to work out ways in which qualitative research on the social construction and uses of the new communications technologies can connect with and reformulate issues central to industry and policy. In this paper, I present a way of exploring the perspectives of the user, and connecting them to the language and perspectives of providers and policy-makers. Users and their activities are placed at the centre of the questions. The questions and concepts then focus on the activity and nature of communication rather than the goods and services sold or the technologies being used. Information and communication technologies are studied within their social context. This research is most often qualitative because, for the most part, we are discovering new questions and exploring ambiguity. Once the user's perspectives have been discovered, it is easier to engage in dialogue with providers and policy-makers by focusing on concepts central to both sides, such as ‘design’ and ‘trust’. These concepts link issues important to the user to issues of production, diffusion and consumer confidence.
The Popular Media of the Vietnamese Diaspora
Authors: Nguyen Tina , Cunningham Stuart 
Published: March 2018

This paper forms part of a larger study mapping and analysing the way audiovisual media are used in the dual processes of cultural maintenance and adaptation within Asian diasporic communities and seeks to complement media and cultural studies' emphasis on the representation of ‘ethnic minorities' in mainstream media with a focus on media produced for and consumed within the communities. The paper overviews popular media of the Vietnamese diaspora. The largest refugee community in Australia, it supports a thriving popular culture produced by and for overseas Vietnamese. Issues of how narrowcast media forms are used to ‘broadcast’ cultural production within a globally dispersed, relatively small community transected by age, class, education, gender, migration and refugee status, recency of arrival and regional background are raised.
Regulation of Children's Television in Australia: Past and Present
Authors: Mencinsky Nadia , Mullen Belinda 
Published: March 2018

The provision of quality television programming made specifically for children has been a significant issue in Australia since television was introduced. From 1979, specific requirements have been in place to ensure children have access to a variety of quality television programs made specifically for them, including Australian drama and non-drama programs. This article traces the development of these requirements and how they have led to the current Children's Television Standards (CTS). The Children's Television Standards (CTS), administered by the Australian Broadcasting Authority (ABA), are widely regarded in Australia and overseas as a notable example — if not benchmark — for how to regulate children's television in the public interest. The article also examines some key trends in programming since 1979 and identifies areas of the standards which are problematic and/or might need to be revised to ensure the expected outcomes are still being achieved.