bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simulation study of the statistical power and signaling characteristics of an early season sequential test for influenza vaccine safety
Authors: Forshee Richard A. , Hu Mao , Arya Deepa , Perez‐Vilar Silvia , Anderson Steven A. , Lo An‐Chi , Swarr Madeline , Wernecke Michael , MaCurdy Tom , Chu Steve , Kelman Jeffrey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeThe US Food and Drug Administration monitors the risk of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) following influenza vaccination using several data sources including Medicare. In the 2017 to 2018 season, we transitioned our near real‐time surveillance in Medicare to more effectively detect large GBS risk increases early in the season while avoiding false positives.MethodsWe conducted a simulation study examining the ability of the updating sequential probability ratio test (USPRT) to detect substantially elevated GBS risk in the 8‐ to 21‐day postvaccination versus 5× to 30× the historical rate. We varied the first testing week (weeks 5‐8) and the null rate (1×‐3×) and evaluated power. We estimated signal probability and the risk ratio (RR) after signaling when high‐risk seasons were rare.ResultsApplying fixed alternatives, we found >80% power to detect a risk 30× the historical rate in week 5 for the 1× null and in week 6 for the 1.5× to 3× nulls. Nearly all testing schedules had >80% power for a 5× risk by week 11. To test the robustness of USPRT, we further simulated seasons where 1% were true high‐risk seasons. Using a 1× null led to 10% of seasons signaling by week 11 (median RR approximately 1.4), which decreased to approximately 1% with the ≥2.5× null (median RR approximately 16.0).ConclusionsOn the basis of the results from this simulation and subsequent consultations with experts and stakeholders, we specified USPRT to test continuously from weeks 7 to 11 using the null hypothesis that the observed GBS rate was 2.5× the historical rate. This helped improve the ability of USPRT to provide early detection of GBS risk following influenza vaccination as part of a multilayered system of surveillance.
Effect of oligo(spiroorthocarbonate)s on the volume shrinkage of epoxides during crosslinking by sulfonium salt‐initiated cationic polymerization of epoxides
Authors: Mori Yasuyuki , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTOligo(spiroorthocarbonate)s 1, which were synthesized by the polycondensation of pentaerythritol derivatives with tetraethylorthocarbonate, were employed as comonomers in the cationic polymerization of epoxide initiated by sulfonium salt. In the copolymerization, the spiroorthocarbonate moiety of 1 underwent double ring‐opening reaction, leading to the efficient diminution of the volume shrinkage upon the copolymerization. Thermal properties of the resulting networked polymers were evaluated by TGA. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1564–1568
Controlling autocorrelated data in multistage manufacturing processes with an application to textile industry
Authors: Keshavarz Maryam , Asadzadeh Shervin , Niaki Seyed Taghi Akhavan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn recent years, much attention has been given to monitoring multistage processes in order to effectively improve the product reliability. To this end, the output of the process is investigated under special circumstances, and the values corresponding to reliability‐related quality characteristic are measured. However, analyzing reliability data is quite complicated because of their unique features such as being censored and obeying nonnormal distributions. A more sophisticated picture arises when the observations of the process are autocorrelated in some cases, which makes the application of previous control procedures futile. In this paper, the accelerated failure time (AFT) regression models have been modified in order to account for autocorrelated data. Then, a cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart and an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart based on conditional expected values have been proposed to monitor the quality variable with Weibull distribution while taking the effective covariates into consideration. Extensive simulation studies reveal that the CUSUM control chart outperforms its counterpart in detecting out‐of‐control conditions. Finally, a real case study in a textile industry has been provided to investigate the application of the CUSUM control scheme.
How does the pH influences the Ru‐NO coordination compounds?
Authors: Orenha Renato P. , Galembeck Sergio E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe pH influence has important role in the bioavailability of coordination compounds. fac‐[Ru(NO)Cl2(κ3N4,N8,N11[1‐carboxypropyl]cyclam)]+, 1, and the species found at different pHs, 2‐4, were investigated. One series of computational methodologies has been used to investigate these compounds. One special highlight is to interacting quantum atoms method, where the total interaction energy, , between two atoms has been used as base to estimate the chemical bonds strength. The deprotonation of ‐CO2H, 1➔2 (pKa = 3.3), creates a hydrogen bond in the complex 2, N(3)‐H⋯ ·OCO−, with a more favorable than the presents in 1, N(3)‐H⋯ ·OCOH. There are no changes in in Ru‐NO bond. The second deprotonation occurs in the N(2) atom of the cyclam group, 2➔3 (pKa = 8.0). It promotes an increase in the covalent character of Ru‐N(2). In contrast, there is no changes in Ru‐N(5)O bond. For higher pHs, there is a 3➔4 equilibrium (pKa = 11.5) and the conversion of Ru‐N(5)O for Ru‐N(5)O2. The Ru‐N(5) of 4 shows a larger ionic character than 3. Thus, Ru‐NO in 1‐4 has worthy stability about a large pH range, showing potential application as NO scavengers.
Effects of restrictive harvest criteria on antler size of hunter‐harvested male white‐tailed deer and hunter opportunity
Authors: Gulsby William D. , Killmaster Charlie H. , Bowers John W. , Miller Karl V. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAntler‐based selective harvest criteria (SHC; e.g., number of points) are a commonly used and effective method of limiting harvest of 1.5‐year‐old male white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). However, previous research has shown SHC that allow disproportionate harvest of young males with large antlers may reduce average antler size within older (≥2.5‐yr) age classes. We used hunter‐harvest data collected from 10 wildlife management areas in Georgia, USA, during 2003–2013 to compare cohort antler size and other factors among areas with varying or no SHC. Three of the areas restricted harvest to males with one antler beam ≥41 cm long or an antler spread ≥38 cm (BS), and another 3 restricted harvest to males with ≥4 antler points on one side (4OS). Any male with visible antlers was eligible for harvest on the remaining areas. There was no evidence that either BS or 4OS criteria led to a decrease in antler size of harvested males ≥2.5 years old. Both SHC protected ≥96% of 1.5‐year males from harvest. There was also evidence to suggest the BS criteria increased mean antler size of harvested males and annual harvest rates of 3.5‐year males. However, the 4OS criteria protected 49%, 16%, and 9% of 2.5, 3.5, and ≥4.5‐year males, respectively. The BS criteria protected 77%, 33%, and 10% of the same age classes. These findings suggest restrictive SHC can prevent decline in antler size of harvested males and increase opportunity for hunters to harvest older males with larger antlers, with the added biological benefit of increasing the population age structure. However, restrictive SHC may unintentionally protect a significant proportion of ≥2.5‐year males from harvest. As previously suggested, managers interested in SHC should carefully research site‐ and age‐specific antler size to avoid implementation of criteria that are either too restrictive or permissive. © 2019 The Wildlife Society
Assessment of excreta collection methods to estimate true metabolizable energy of waterfowl foods in wild ducks
Authors: Lancaster Joseph D. , McClain Sarah E. , Gross Margaret C. , Jacques Christopher N. , Masto Nicholas M. , Kaminski Richard M. , Hagy Heath M. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTTrue metabolizable energy (TME) of waterfowl foods is commonly estimated for use in energetic carrying capacity models in association with conservation planning efforts under the North American Waterfowl Management Plan. Researchers define and estimate TME as the net energy from excreta collected from an individual after feeding a precise quantity of a food item compared with excreta collected during a fasted control. We evaluated an alternative excreta collection method for use in TME assays for comparison with traditional excreta collection methodology for waterfowl. We fed widgeongrass (Ruppia maritima) to wild‐caught mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) during autumn 2016 at Forbes Biological Station, Havana, Illinois, USA, and quantitatively collected excreta using a harness‐style excreta collection method and a traditional basin‐style collection method. We were unable to find support for a difference in total excreta energy, mass loss, and TME estimates between collection methods, but high variation in TME among samples prohibited our ability to consider the collection methods similar. Time required for processing harness samples was 60–175 minutes less per sample than for basin samples. The basin method has been the standard for TME trials on waterfowl, but we found the harness method to be much more efficient and potentially allow for better animal husbandry practices. We suggest the harness method be tested further with increased sample sizes or alternate foods prior to widespread application, but researchers conducting TME assays of waterfowl foods should consider using this method in the future. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Aquaponics and Global Food Challenges
Authors: Goddek Simon , Joyce Alyssa , Kotzen Benz , Dos-Santos Maria 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs the world’s population grows, the demands for increased food production expand, and as the stresses on resources such as land, water and nutrients become ever greater, there is an urgent need to find alternative, sustainable and reliable methods to provide this food. The current strategies for supplying more produce are neither ecologically sound nor address the issues of the circular economy of reducing waste whilst meeting the WHO’s Millennium Development Goals of eradicating hunger and poverty by 2015. Aquaponics, a technology that integrates aquaculture and hydroponics, provides part of the solution. Although aquaponics has developed considerably over recent decades, there are a number of key issues that still need to be fully addressed, including the development of energy-efficient systems with optimized nutrient recycling and suitable pathogen controls. There is also a key issue of achieving profitability, which includes effective value chains and efficient supply chain management. Legislation, licensing and policy are also keys to the success of future aquaponics, as are the issues of education and research, which are discussed across this book.
Fish Diets in Aquaponics
Authors: Robaina Lidia , Pirhonen Juhani , Mente Elena , Sánchez Javier , Goosen Neill 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFish and feed waste provide most of the nutrients required by the plants in aquaponics if the optimum ratio between daily fish feed inputs and the plant growing area is sustained. Thus, the fish feed needs to fulfil both the fish’s and plant’s nutritional requirements in an aquaponic system. A controlled fish waste production strategy where the nitrogen, phosphorus and mineral contents of fish diets are manipulated and used provides a way of influencing the rates of accumulation of nutrients, thereby reducing the need for the additional supplementation of nutrients. To optimize the performance and cost-effectiveness of aquaponic production, fish diets and feeding schedules should be designed carefully to provide nutrients at the right level and time to complement fish, bacteria and plants. To achieve this, a species-specific tailor-made aquaponic feed may be optimized to suit the aquaponic system as a whole. The optimal point would be determined based on overall system performance parameters, including economic and environmental sustainability measures. This chapter thus focuses on fish diets and feed and reviews the state of the art in fish diets, ingredients and additives, as well as the nutritional/sustainable challenges that need to be considered when producing specific aquaponic feeds.
Commercial Aquaponics: A Long Road Ahead
Authors: Turnšek Maja , Morgenstern Rolf , Schröter Iris , Mergenthaler Marcus , Hüttel Silke , Leyer Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAquaponic systems are often designated as sustainable food production systems that are still facing various challenges, especially when they are considered as a commercial endeavour that needs to compete on the market. The early stages of the aquaponics industry have witnessed a number of unrealistic statements about the economic advantageousness of aquaponics. This chapter deals with these topics and discusses them critically. The latest scientific literature and current personal experiences of European commercial aquaponics farmers are taken into account on three levels: The horticulture side of production, the aquaculture side of production and the early data on the market response to aquaponics, emphasising the marketing issues and public acceptance of aquaponics. In summary, the chapter does not provide an “off-the-peg” solution to evaluate the economic performance of a particular aquaponics system. Instead it provides a broad database that enables an estimation of the efficiency of a planned system more realistically, pointing to challenges that the commercial aquaponics early adopters faced that are important lessons for future aquaponic endeavours, particularly in Europe.
Aquaponics: Closing the Cycle on Limited Water, Land and Nutrient Resources
Authors: Joyce Alyssa , Goddek Simon , Kotzen Benz , Wuertz Sven 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHydroponics initially developed in arid regions in response to freshwater shortages, while in areas with poor soil, it was viewed as an opportunity to increase productivity with fewer fertilizer inputs. In the 1950s, recirculating aquaculture also emerged in response to similar water limitations in arid regions in order to make better use of available water resources and better contain wastes. However, disposal of sludge from such systems remained problematic, thus leading to the advent of aquaponics, wherein the recycling of nutrients produced by fish as fertilizer for plants proved to be an innovative solution to waste discharge that also had economic advantages by producing a second marketable product. Aquaponics was also shown to be an adaptable and cost-effective technology given that farms could be situated in areas that are otherwise unsuitable for agriculture, for instance, on rooftops and on unused, derelict factory sites. A wide range of cost savings could be achieved through strategic placement of aquaponics sites to reduce land acquisition costs, and by also allowing farming closer to suburban and urban areas, thus reducing transportation costs to markets and hence also the fossil fuel and CO2 footprints of production.
Regulatory Frameworks for Aquaponics in the European Union
Authors: Reinhardt Tilman , Hoevenaars Kyra , Joyce Alyssa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the regulatory framework for aquaponics and the perspectives for European Union (EU) policy. Using Germany as an example, we analyze the specific regulations concerning construction and operation of aquaponic facilities and the commercialization of aquaponic products. We then show how aquaponics fits in with different EU policies and how it might contribute to EU sustainability goals. In the end, we provide some recommendations on how institutional conditions could be improved for aquaponics as an emerging technological innovation system.
Aquaponics in the Built Environment
Authors: Proksch Gundula , Ianchenko Alex , Kotzen Benz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAquaponics’ potential to transform urban food production has been documented in a rapid increase of academic research and public interest in the field. To translate this publicity into real-world impact, the creation of commercial farms and their relationship to the urban environment have to be further examined. This research has to bridge the gap between existing literature on growing system performance and urban metabolic flows by considering the built form of aquaponic farms. To assess the potential for urban integration of aquaponics, existing case studies are classified by the typology of their building enclosure, with the two main categories being greenhouses and indoor environments. This classification allows for some assumptions about the farms’ performance in their context, but a more in-depth life cycle assessment (LCA) is necessary to evaluate different configurations. The LCA approach is presented as a way to inventory design criteria and respective strategies which can influence the environmental impact of aquaponic systems in the context of urban built environments.
Aquaponics and Social Enterprise
Authors: Milliken Sarah , Stander Henk 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis chapter presents some examples of recent initiatives by social enterprises using aquaponics. Aquaponics offers an innovative form of therapeutic horticulture, which can provide employment and promote well-being for people with disabilities. If implemented as a program to be managed by local communities, aquaponic systems also have the potential to address issues such as food security and food sovereignty, especially in urban areas. Increasing public familiarity with aquaponics has seen a number of social ventures being set up around the world. However, the viability of these depends not only on stakeholder commitment, thorough market analysis, clear governance structures, and a robust business plan but also on external factors, such as the local political context and regulations.
Aquaponics: The Basics
Authors: Lennard Wilson , Goddek Simon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAquaponics is a technology that is part of the broader integrated agri-aquaculture systems discipline which seeks to combine animal and plant culture technologies to confer advantages and conserve nutrients and other biological and economic resources. It emerged in the USA in the early 1970s and has recently seen a resurgence, especially in Europe. Whilst aquaponics broadly combines recirculating fish culture with hydroponic plant production, the application of the term aquaponic is broad and many technologies claim use of the name. Combining fish culture with aquatic-based, terrestrial plant culture via aquaponics may be better defined via its nutrient resource sharing credentials. Aquaponics applies several principles including, but not limited to, efficient water use, efficient nutrient use, lowered or negated environmental impact and the application of biological and ecological approaches to agricultural fish and plant production. Water sources are important so that the nutrients required for fish and plant production are available and balanced, and system water chemistry is paramount to optimised fish and plant production. Systems may be configured in several ways, including those that are fully recirculating and those that are decoupled. Aquaponics importantly seeks to apply methods that provide technical, biological, chemical, environmental and economic advantages.
Coupled Aquaponics Systems
Authors: Palm Harry W. , Knaus Ulrich , Appelbaum Samuel , Strauch Sebastian M. , Kotzen Benz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCoupled aquaponics is the archetype form of aquaponics. The technical complexity increases with the scale of production and required water treatment, e.g. filtration, UV light for microbial control, automatic controlled feeding, computerization and biosecurity. Upscaling is realized through multiunit systems that allow staggered fish production, parallel cultivation of different plants and application of several hydroponic subsystems. The main task of coupled aquaponics is the purification of aquaculture process water through integration of plants which add economic benefits when selecting suitable species like herbs, medicinal plants or ornamentals. Thus, coupled aquaponics with closed water recirculation systems has a particular role to fulfil.Under fully closed recirculation of nutrient enriched water, the symbiotic community of fish, plants and bacteria can result in higher yields compared with stand-alone fish production and/or plant cultivation. Fish and plant choices are highly diverse and only limited by water quality parameters, strongly influenced by fish feed, the plant cultivation area and component ratios that are often not ideal. Carps, tilapia and catfish are most commonly used, though more sensitive fish species and crayfish have been applied. Polyponics and additional fertilizers are methods to improve plant quality in the case of growth deficiencies, boosting plant production and increasing total yield.The main advantages of coupled aquaponics are in the most efficient use of resources such as feed for nutrient input, phosphorous, water and energy as well as in an increase of fish welfare. The multivariate system design approach allows coupled aquaponics to be installed in all geographic regions, from the high latitudes to arid and desert regions, with specific adaptation to the local environmental conditions. This chapter provides an overview of the historical development, general system design, upscaling, saline and brackish water systems, fish and plant choices as well as management issues of coupled aquaponics especially in Europe.
‘A mob of light readers’: Holdings, Genre Proportions, and Modes of Reading
Authors: Atkin Lara , Comyn Sarah , Fermanis Porscha , Garvey Nathan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the genre proportions of public library collections in the southern colonies, arguing that they both reflect and are a response to debates about the ‘fiction problem’, modes of reading, local colonial conditions, and the utility of public libraries. Along with its analysis of changing genre proportions, the chapter also explores the symbolic and educational power of the library catalogue in facilitating the public library’s role as a national institution and as a means of fostering transnational intellectual and print networks.