bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wet Agriculture in the Lowlands: Maize Marceña
Authors: Aguirre‐Rivera Juan Rogelio , Zavala‐Cruz Joel , Ortiz‐Ceballos Gustavo , Andrade‐Torres Antonio , Salgado‐Garcia Sergio , Ortiz‐Ceballos Angel Isauro 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas
The milpa marceña is an ancient maize agrosystem on herbaceous wetlands “popals” in the dry season.
Three improved maize cultivars and the traditional cultivar mején were evaluated.
The mején cultivar showed the highest performance.
The milpa marceña is compatible with the hydrological dynamics of wetlands and without the use of industrial inputs.
Although herbaceous wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems and their functions provide benefits to humankind, they have been subjected to a number of disturbances over the past 65 yr. Wetlands have been drained to convert them into permanent agricultural land and urban areas, or used by the oil industry or for construction of hydroelectric dams. Moreover, little has been done to innovate the milpa marceña, an ancient maize (Zea mays L.) agrosystem on herbaceous wetlands dominated by hojilla (Thalia geniculata f. rheumoides) named popals in the dry season (March–June). From an agroecological perspective for improving milpa marceña, in a popal soil (Eutric Molic Gleysol), three improved maize cultivars (CP‐560, CP‐561, and CP‐562) and the traditional cultivar mején were evaluated under three planting densities (50,000, 53,000, and 60,000 plants ha–1) with no use of mineral fertilizers, herbicides, or pesticides. The results show that precipitation during the milpa marceña growth cycle was 50% lower than the amount required for a successful maize crop (>1 Mg ha–1), hence avoiding the risk of flooding. Maize cultivars take groundwater and nutrients from popal soil; however, these results suggest that cultivars were subject to N deficiency and water stress in the flowering stage. We concluded that the mején cultivar showed the highest performance, with 3.3 Mg ha–1, i.e., it has attributes not previously considered (e.g., plant × microbe interactions) in plant breeding programs for drought‐tolerant or flood‐tolerant cultivars. There is a need for further research and conservation on the use of popals.
Soil Fertility and Quality Response to Reduced Tillage and Diversified Cropping under Organic Management
Authors: Fernandez Myriam R. , Zentner Robert P. , Schellenberg Michael P. , Aladenola Olanike , Leeson Julia Y. , Luce Mervin St. , McConkey Brian G. , Cutforth Herb 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

A 6‐year organic field trial evaluated two tillage intensities (high and low) and two rotation sequences, simplified (wheat‐green manure) and diversified (wheat‐oilseed‐pulse‐green manure).
Soil moisture and NO3‐N content were highest in the simplified rotation under high tillage.
There were few soil P differences, although levels were higher for the low than high tillage in the simplified rotation.
Reduced tillage intensity tended to increase soil organic C and decreased the percentage of erodible soil particles.
Soil NO3‐N and PO4‐P content were also analyzed within the soil profile, down to 120 cm.
During the past few decades, organic crop production in Canada and beyond has become increasingly widespread. In the Canadian Prairies, organic agriculture has traditionally relied on summer fallow and mechanical tillage for nutrient and pest management. More recently, there has been a substantial increase in the use of legume green manure, diversified crop rotations, and reduced tillage. Our objective was to determine if organic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production using diversified crop rotations and reduced tillage could optimize production while minimizing its environmental impact within the Brown soil zone of Western Canada. A 6‐yr (2010 to 2015) field study evaluated two tillage intensities (high and low), and two rotation sequences, simplified (wheat–green manure) and diversified (wheat–oilseed–pulse–green manure). Precipitation throughout the study period was substantially greater than the long‐term mean. Spring soil NO3−N and P content were highest in the first years of this trial. Soil moisture and NO3−N content were highest in the simplified rotation under high tillage. There were few soil P differences, although levels were higher for the low than high tillage in the simplified rotation. Reduced tillage intensity tended to increase soil organic C and decreased the percentage of erodible soil particles. These soil quality changes would result in an increase in the soil’s resistance to wind and water erosion, thus promoting environmental sustainability.
Grain Yield and Quality of Organic Crops Grown under Reduced Tillage and Diversified Sequences
Authors: Fernandez Myriam R. , Zentner Robert P. , Schellenberg Michael P. , Leeson Julia Y. , Aladenola Olanike , McConkey Brian G. , St. Luce Mervin 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

An organic field trial in the Brown soil zone examined tillage intensity in a simplified (wheat‐green manure) and a diversified (wheat‐oilseed‐pulse‐green manure) cropping system.
Yield variation was explained more by precipitation and soil nitrate levels than by weed infestations.
Wheat yields were higher under high than low tillage, and in the simplified than the diversified rotation.
Protein concentration in wheat grain varied among years, and there was no negative association with yield.
Based on observations in the wet years this trial was conducted, the low tillage treatment did not appear to be viable for more than a few years.
Because of the increased consumer demand for organic products and expansion of organic production in the Canadian Prairies, development of organic cropping systems that help lower production costs and risks, while improving productivity and environmental sustainability is needed. A trial was conducted in the Brown soil zone (2010–2015) to examine tillage intensity (low vs. high) in a simplified (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]‐green manure), and a diversified (wheat‐oilseed‐pulse‐green manure) cropping system. Above‐average precipitation in the years this trial was run resulted in high weed infestations and persistent increases in perennial weeds over time, especially under low tillage. Grain yield was highest at the beginning of the trial (2010 and 2011), and lowest in its final year (2015), which was drier than the rest. Yield variation was explained more by precipitation and soil nitrate levels than by weed infestations. Overall, wheat yields were higher under high than low tillage, and in the simplified than the diversified rotation. Over the duration of this trial, yields under low tillage averaged about three quarters of the yield in a nearby conventional zero‐till trial. Protein concentration in wheat grain varied among years, and there was no negative association with yield, which might be explained by the release of mineralized N throughout the growing season. Protein was similar or higher than the average for commercial conventional wheat in this area. Based on observations in the wet years this trial was conducted, the low tillage treatment did not appear to be viable for more than a few years.
Brassica carinata Seeding Rate and Row Spacing Effects on Morphology, Yield, and Oil
Authors: Mulvaney Michael J. , Leon Ramon G. , Seepaul Ramdeo , Wright David L. , Hoffman Travis L. 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Carinata growth and yield was influenced more by row spacing than seeding rate.
Rows spaced at 36 cm maximized carinata yield.
Carinata branching was favored by wider row spacing.
Carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is an oilseed crop with potential as a winter crop in the southeastern United States to diversify crop rotations and provide biofuel production and livestock feed. The objective was to evaluate the effects of row spacing and seeding rate on carinata yield and oil composition. Field experiments were conducted in Jay and Quincy, FL, from 2013 to 2016 evaluating carinata growth, seed and oil yield, and oil composition grown in a factorial arrangement of four seeding rates (3, 6, 9, and 12 kg ha−1) and four row spacings (18, 36, 53, and 89 cm). No interactions between seeding rate and row spacing were detected. Seeding rate did not influence any of the variables studied. In contrast, row spacing affected seed and oil yield, branch production, and pods per plant. Seed yield (ranked from highest to lowest) was 2761, 2286, 1851, and 1572 kg ha−1 for rows spaced at 36, 18, 53, and 89 cm, respectively. Branching and pods per plant increased with row spacing. Neither seeding rate nor row spacing affected oil concentration and quality. Oil concentration averaged 40%, of which more than a third was erucic acid (C22:1). Protein concentration was 31%, and glucosinolate concentration was 93 μmol g−1. The results of the present study demonstrated that carinata can be successfully grown in the southeastern United States, reaching yields and oil quality similar to those reported at other latitudes, and can be a source of biofuel, protein for animal feed, and cropping system diversification for growers.
Stable isotope tracers as diagnostic tools in studying water sources in a humid bamboo watershed during the plum rainfall events
Authors: Gou Jianfeng , Qu Simin , Shi Peng , Li Dachen , Chen Xueqiu , Chen Yingbin , Si Wei , Xie Yongyu 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the temporal variation of stable isotopic composition in precipitation, soil water, and streamflow water during the plum rainfall events in an upland headwater watershed which is mainly covered with bamboo. The results show that the isotopic composition of various water sources exhibit significant temporal variation. The local meteoric water line is established by using the relationship between the stable isotope of oxygen-18 and deuterium, which is slightly different from the meteoric water line of China. The isotopic temporal variation of precipitation is closely related to exchange effect between raindrops and environmental vapor, evaporation fractionation and rainfall intensity. The isotopic variation of shallow soil water is mainly determined by canopy interception, ground evaporation and the mixing with pre-event water; as for the isotopic variation of deep soil water, it is virtually influenced by pre-event water. The most enriched isotopic composition of streamflow and deuterium excess (d-excess) differences between streamflow and rainfall both indicate that streamflow is recharged not only by event water but also by pre-event water. Hence, a better understanding of precipitation formation and the hydrological response under the plum rainfall system may be instructive for the management of water resources in humid watersheds in southern China.
Kolon Poliplerinde WT1 Ekspresyonunun İncelenmesi
Authors: ASLAN Ali , ERDEM Havva , AKÇAY ÇELİK Mürüvvet , ŞAHİN Arzu , ÇANKAYA Soner 
Published: February 2019

Amaç: WT1, ilk olarak Wilms tümörü gelişimini etkileyen tümör baskılayıcı bir gen olarak tespit edilmiş olsa da, kolon kanseri gibi bazı malignitelerde ekspresyonunun arttığı, dolayısıyla onkojenik özelliklerinin olduğu da bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı WT1 ekspresyonunun hastanın yaşına, cinsiyetine, örneğin alındığı bölgeye ve patolojik tanı türüne göre değişip değişmediğini tespit etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Patoloji anabilim dalına gönderilmiş kolon polipli 32 hastaya ait parafin blokların ve patoloji raporlarının retrospektif histopatolojik değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel olarak p&lt;0,05 anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: WT1 ekspresyonu ile hasta yaşı ortalaması, cinsiyet, lokalizasyon, çap, histopatolojik tanı parametreleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki izlenmedi (sırasıyla p=0,235; p=0,423; p=0,338; p=0,719; p=0,338). Bununla birlikte OR (odds ratio) değerleri dikkate alındığında ise klinik olarak anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu görüldü. Pozitif boyanma; adenomlarda (neoplastik grup) poliplere (non neoplastik grup) göre 4,308 kat (OR=4,308), transvers kolondan anüse kadar olan kısımda transvers kolona göre 4,308 kat (OR=4,308), ve kadınlarda erkeklere göre 2,333 kat (OR=2,333) daha yüksekti. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Çalışmamızın bulguları poliplerde WT1 ekspresyonu ile cinsiyet, tanı ve biyopsinin alındığı yer arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki olmadığını, fakat OR değerleri dikkate alındığında klinik olarak anlamlı farklılıkların olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Rutin immünohistokimyasal inceleme ile WT1 ekspresyonu olan benign ve prekanseröz poliplerin tespiti, kolon tümörleri bakımından yüksek risk altındaki bireylerde WT1 immünoterapisinin ve aşı etkinliğinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunabilir.
Malignant Melanoma Metastasizing to the Stomach
Authors: AKATA AKINCIOĞLU Talya , KÜÇÜK Ülkü , EKMEKÇİ Sümeyye , ABDULLAZADE Samir , YILDIZ Coşkun 
Published: February 2019

Introduction:
Malignant melanoma (MM) can metastasise to nearly all organs of the human body.
Involvement of stomach is very rare.

Case report:
52-year-old female patient applied to our hospital with abdominal pain and
fatigue. Endoscopy revealed polypoid lesion in stomach. Histopathologically, there were atypical
cells in lamina propria and brown pigment in some cells. These cells were
positive with Melan-A and HMB-45 and negative with Cytokeratin 7 and
Cytokeratin 20, immunohistochemically. This case was reported as “consistent
with MM”. We have reached to former pathology report of the enucleation
operation, with diagnosis of “MM with epithelioid features”. Tumor was
localised in the right bulbus oculi with pathological stage pT1a. Systemic scan
also revealed metastatic masses in liver.

Conclusion:
MM can simulate many other lesions clinically, endoscopically and
histopatholgically and must be keeped in mind all the time, especially in cases
with unknown primary. The patients should be screened for the primary tumor.
Gebelikte Beslenmenin Kordon Kanı Yağ Asidi Düzeylerine Etkisi
Authors: BÜYÜKUSLU Nihal , BİLGİ Zeynep Zehra , YOLDAŞ İLKTAÇ Havvanur , GARİPAĞAOĞLU Muazzez 
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Çalışma
kordon kanı yağ asitleri üzerine gebelikte beslenmenin etkisini değerlendimek
amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür. Gereç ve Yöntemler:
Son trimesterin başında olan 33 gebeye ilişkin demografik özellikler ile
antropometrik ölçümler önceden hazırlanmış bir anket formu kullanırak alınmış,
24 saatlik besin tüketimleri kaydedilmiştir. Kordon kanlarının yağ asidi
içeriği, gaz kromatografisi yöntemiyle tespit edilmiştir. Günlük beslenme ile
alınan toplam yağ ve yağ asitleri, bilgisayarlı besin
analiz programı ile belirlenmiş, kordon kanı yüzde yağ asit düzeyleri
ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Gebelerin, günlük enerji alımları
ortalama 1894,37±590,46 kkal, enerjinin
karbonhidrat, protein ve yağ dağılımı sırasıyla; %40,7, %15,5, %43,8’tür.
Günlük beslenmedeki ve kordon kanındaki doymuş, tekli doymamış ve çoklu
doymamış yağ asitlerinin oranları sırasıyla: %39,7-%47,5, %38,6-%20,8,
%21,7-%32 olarak saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Beslenme ile alınan protein miktarının,
kordon kanı doymuş yağ asitleriyle ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada
doymuş yağ ve protein içeriği yüksek beslenme alışkanlığının, kordon kanı
doymuş yağ asitleri düzeyini artırdığı görülmüştür. Gebe kadınların kendi sağlıklarını
korumak ve fetüsün normal gelişimini sağlamak için yeterli ve dengeli
beslenmeleri gerektiği ve bu konuda ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu sonucuna
varılmıştır.
Network Pharmacology and Reverse Molecular Docking-Based Prediction of the Molecular Targets and Pathways for Avicularin Against Cancer
Authors: Duan Chaohui , Li Yang , Dong Xiaorui , Xu Weibin , Ma Yingli 
Published: February 2019

Aim and Objective:Avicularin has been found to inhibit the proliferation of HepG-2 cells in vitro in the screening of our laboratory. We intended to explain the molecular mechanism of this effect. Therefore, the combined methods of reverse molecular docking and network pharmacology were used in order to illuminate the molecular mechanisms for Avicularin against cancer.Materials and Methods:Potential targets associated with anti-tumor effects of Avicularin were screened by reverse molecular docking, then a protein database was established through constructing the drugprotein network from literature mining data, and the protein-protein network was built through an in-depth exploration of the relationships between the proteins, and then the network topology analysis was performed. Additionally, gene function and signaling pathways were analyzed by Go bio-enrichment and KEGG Pathway.Results:The result showed that Avicularin was closely related to 16 targets associated with cancer, and it may significantly influence the pro-survival signals in MAPK signaling pathway that can activate and regulate a series of cellular activities and participate in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation and apoptosis.Conclusion:The network pharmacology strategy used herein provided a powerful means for the mechanisms of action for bioactive ingredients.
Combinatorial Inhibition of mTORC2 and Hsp90 Leads to a Distinctly Effective Therapeutic Strategy in Malignant Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Gao Fengbin , Zhong Shan 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Malignant pheochromocytoma (mPCC) is an uncommon tumor with poor
prognosis, and no effective therapeutic strategy exists as yet. Discovering new and effective therapeutic
strategies to improve prognosis is an urgent need.

Objective:
To investigate whether a combinatorial inhibition of both mTORC2 and Hsp90 in PC12
cells could lead to a distinct anti-tumor effect in vitro and in vivo that was greater than the inhibition
of mTORC2 or Hsp90 alone.

Methods:
Targeting mTORC2 was assessed by knockdown of Rictor using shRNA, and 17-AAG
was used to inhibit Hsp90 function.

Results:
Combinatorial inhibition of both mTORC2 and Hsp90 could lead to a distinct anti-tumor
effect in vitro that was greater than the inhibition of mTORC2 or Hsp90 alone. Inhibiting Hsp90
specifically could inhibit tumor growth of sh-Rictor cells in vivo, suggesting that the combinatorial
inhibition of both mTORC2 and Hsp90 could lead to a distinct anti-tumor effect in vivo. Western
blotting has shown that both p-Akt Ser473 and p-Akt Thr450 showed significantly decreased expression
after targeting mTORC2, while p-Akt Thr308 did not. However, all three different p-AKTs,
including p-Akt Ser473, p-Akt Thr450 and p-Akt Thr308, showed a significantly decreased expression
in combinatorial inhibition of both mTORC2 and Hsp90. Collectively, it revealed that combinatorial
inhibition of mTORC2 and Hsp90 could destabilize the Akt signaling.

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrated that combinatorial inhibition of mTORC2 and Hsp90 could
increase their anti-tumor effect and destabilize the Akt signaling in PC12 cells, suggesting a combinatorial
inhibition of both mTORC2 and Hsp90 which might be an effective therapeutic strategy for
mPCC.
The Gut Microbiome, Lactobacillus acidophilus; Relation with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Halawa Mohamed R. , El-Salam Mouchira Abd , Mostafa Bassem M. , Sallout Salma S. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Symbiotic interactions of microorganisms are widespread in nature, and support
fundamentally important processes linking health and disease to the bacterial ecology. Intestinal microbiota
is the largest source of microbial stimulation that exerts both harmful and beneficial effects on human
health. It participates in the development of the postnatal immune system as well as oral tolerance and
immunity. The recently explored impact of the microbiota on energy metabolism, gut hormone regulation
and the gut-brain axis was judged to be a fascinating topic and of great value in the future, and can have a
clinical role in the management of obesity and diabetes.

Objective:
To assess the impact of the gut microbe, Lactobacillus acidophilus, in patients with type 2
Diabetes Mellitus (controlled and uncontrolled) compared to healthy individuals, as a preliminary approach
to future treatment with probiotics, prebiotics or diet modulation.

Methods:
A case control study was conducted on 30 diabetic patients and 10 control individuals. All
patients were subjected to full history, thorough clinical examination, and laboratory measurement of
fasting blood sugar, 2 hours post prandial, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C), CRP (C-Reactive Protein),
Lipid profile, and Identification of stool Lactobacillus acidophilus by PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
technique.

Results:
Significantly lower Stool Lactobacillus acidophilus PCR count among diabetic patients when
compared to healthy control individuals.

Conclusion:
Stool Lactobacillus acidophilus PCR count was lower among type 2 diabetic patients,
which may show relationship of lactobacillus with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, further studies are
needed to determine correlation or causation of this relationship.
Structure-activity Relationship Study on Therapeutically Relevant EGFR Double Mutant Inhibitors
Authors: Fatima Shehnaz , Agarwal Subhash M. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
EGFR is a clinically approved drug target in cancer. The first generation
tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting L858R mutated EGFR are routinely used to treat non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the presence of a secondary mutation (T790M) tenders these inhibitors
ineffective and thus results in the relapse of the disease.

Objective:
New reversible inhibitors are required, which act against T790M/L858R (TMLR) double
mutants and overcome resistance.

Method:
In the present study, various Fragment based QSAR (G-QSAR) models along with
interaction terms have been studied for amino-pyrimidine derivatives having biological activity
against TMLR mutant enzyme.

Results:
The G-QSAR models developed using partial least squares regression via stepwise forward-
backward variable selection technique showed the best results. The model showed a high
correlation coefficient (r² = 0.86), cross-validation coefficient (q² = 0.81) and predicted correlation
(predicted r² = 0.62), which indicated that the model is robust and predictive. Based on the model,
it was revealed that at R1 position increasing saturated carbon (number of –CH atom connected
with 3 single bonds i.e. SsssCHcount) and retention index (chi3) is desired for the enhancement of
bioactivity. Additionally, at the R2 position, increasing lipophilic character (slogp) and at site R3,
the polarizability of compound need to be increased for better inhibitory activity. We further studied
the contribution of interactions among significant descriptors in enhancing the activity of the
compounds. It revealed that the presence of Sum((R1-SsssCHcount, R2-slogp) and Mult(R1-chi3,
R3-polarizabilityAHC) are the most significantly influencing descriptors. We further compared the
variation in the most and least active compounds which established that retention of the above
properties is essential for imparting significant inhibitory activity to these molecules.

Conclusion:
The study provides site specific information wherein chemical group variation
influences the inhibitory potency of TMLR amino-pyrimidine inhibitors, which can be used for
designing new molecules with the desired activity.