bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout among anesthetists and intensive care physicians
Authors: Mikalauskas Audrius , Benetis Rimantas , Širvinskas Edmundas , Andrejaitienė Judita , Kinduris Šarūnas , Macas Andrius , Padaiga Žilvinas 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Burnout is a syndrome of depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and low personal accomplishment. Little is known about burnout in physicians. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of burnout among anesthetists and intensive care physicians, and associations between burnout and personal, as well as professional, characteristics.

Methods
In total, 220 anesthetists and intensive care physicians were contacted by email, asking them to participate in the study. For depression screening the PHQ-2 questionnaire, for problem drinking, CAGE items were used. Burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Results
Overall, 34% anesthetists and intensive care physicians indicated high levels of emotional exhaustion, 25% indicated high levels of depersonalization, and 38% showed low personal accomplishment. Burnout was found more frequent among subjects with problem drinking (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5–6.8), depressiveness (OR 10.2, 95% CI 4.6–22.6), cardiovascular disorders (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.7-7.1), and digestive disorders (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.0). Some favorite after-work activities positively correlated with burnout, such as sedative medications abuse (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.8–12.5), alcohol abuse (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.5), eating more than usual (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.5), and transferring the accumulated stress to relatives (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.5). In contrast, reading of non-medical literature seemed to have a protective effect (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2–0.9).

Conclusions
Burnout was highly prevalent among anesthetists and intensive care physicians with two fifths of them meeting diagnostic criteria. It was strongly correlated with problem drinking, depressiveness, cardiovascular and digestive disorders, use of sedatives and overeating.
Therapeutische Kommunikation im Kontext von Sportorganisationen: Zur Soziologie depressiver Erkrankungen im Spitzensport
Authors: Kühnle Felix 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zur therapeutischen Versorgung depressiver Athleten kooperieren die Vereine und Verbände im Spitzensport häufig mit Psychotherapeuten. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die komplexen Sinnvorgaben therapeutischer Kommunikation zur Behandlung depressiver Spitzensportler mit Hilfe der neueren soziologischen Systemtheorie. Die freiwerdenden Erkenntnisse werden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der spezifischen Kontextbedingungen in Sportorganisationen reflektiert. Aus Sicht der Sportvereine und -verbände erweist sich die psychotherapeutische Intervention bisweilen als ambivalenter Problemlösungsversuch: Indem Psychotherapeuten systemfremde Logiken einbringen und mit inkongruenten Perspektiven arbeiten, um den Leidensdruck des betroffenen Athleten zu beheben, können sie aufseiten der Organisation durchaus Irritationen stiften und neue Probleme erzeugen.
Ganztagsschulen und Sportvereine als außerschulische Partner: Auf der Suche nach organisationstheoretischen Zugängen
Authors: Thieme Lutz 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungAnhand empirischer Daten zum organisationalem Verhalten von Ganztagsschulen und Sportvereinen wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche allgemeine Organisationstheorie Ansätze zur Erklärung von Kooperationen zwischen Ganztagsschulen und Sportvereinen bereitstellen kann. Nach der kriteriengestützten Identifikation erkenntnisträchtiger Organisationstheorien erfolgt eine explorative hypothesengeleitete empirische Prüfung der Transaktionskostentheorie, der Evolutionstheorie sowie der Theorie der Strukturation mit Längsschnittdaten aus Rheinland-Pfalz. Es zeigt sich, dass der Transaktionskostenansatz das Kooperationsverhalten von Sportvereinen, jedoch nicht von Ganztagsschulen, erklären kann. Die Evolutionstheorie leistet Beiträge zur Erklärung von Stabilität in der Population der Ganztagsschulen sowie zum Wandel bei einem Teil der Kooperationspartner. Das Kooperationsverhalten von Ganztagsschulen kann damit ebenso wie mit der Theorie der Strukturation nicht theoriekonform interpretiert werden.
Digging into the Elusive Localised Solutions of (2+1) Dimensional sine-Gordon Equation
Authors: Radha R. , Senthil Kumar C. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we revisit the (2+1) dimensional sine-Gordon equation analysed earlier [R. Radha and M. Lakshmanan, J. Phys. A Math. Gen. 29, 1551 (1996)] employing the Truncated Painlevé Approach. We then generate the solutions in terms of lower dimensional arbitrary functions of space and time. By suitably harnessing the arbitrary functions present in the closed form of the solution, we have constructed dromion solutions and studied their collisional dynamics. We have also constructed dromion pairs and shown that the dynamics of the dromion pairs can be turned ON or OFF desirably. In addition, we have also shown that the orientation of the dromion pairs can be changed. Apart from the above classes of solutions, we have also generated compactons, rogue waves and lumps and studied their dynamics.
Report on the National Eye Institute’s Audacious Goals Initiative: Creating a Cellular Environment for Neuroregeneration
Authors: Burns Marie E. , Stevens Beth 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe cellular environment of the CNS is non-permissive for growth and regeneration. In the retina, transplantation of stem cells has been limited by inefficient survival and integration into existing circuits. In November 2016, as part of the National Eye Institute’s Audacious Goals Initiative (AGI), a diverse collection of investigators gathered for a workshop devoted to articulating the gaps in knowledge, barriers to progress, and ideas for new approaches to understanding cellular environments within the retina and how these environments may be manipulated. In doing so, the group identified the areas of (1) retinal and optic nerve glia, (2) microglia and inflammation, and the (3) extracellular matrix (ECM) and retinal vasculature as key to advancing our understanding and manipulation of the retinal microenvironments. We summarize here the findings of the workshop for the broader scientific community.
Synaptic Integration of Functionally Diverse Pallidal Information in the Entopeduncular Nucleus and Subthalamic Nucleus in the Rat
Authors: Bevan Mark D. , Clarke Nick P. , Bolam J. Paul 
Published: April 2018

To determine the principles of synaptic innervation of neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus and subthalamic nucleus by neurons of functionally distinct regions of the pallidal complex, double anterograde labeling was carried out at both light and electron microscopic levels in the rat. Deposits of the anterograde tracersPhaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin and biotinylated dextran amine were placed in different functional domains of the pallidal complex in the same animals. The tracer deposits in the ventral pallidum and the globus pallidus gave rise to GABA-immunopositive projections to the entopeduncular nucleus, the subthalamic nucleus, and the more medial lateral hypothalamus that were largely segregated but overlapped at the interface between the two fields of projection. In these regions the proximal parts of individual neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, and subthalamic nucleus received synaptic input from terminals derived from both the ventral pallidum and the globus pallidus. Furthermore, the analysis of the afferent synaptic input to the dendrites of neurons in the subthalamic nucleus that cross functional boundaries of the nucleus defined by the pallidal inputs, revealed that terminals with the morphological and neurochemical characteristics of those derived from the pallidal complex make synaptic contact with all parts of the dendritic tree, including distal regions.It is concluded that functionally diverse information carried by the descending projections of the pallidal complex is synaptically integrated by neurons of the entopeduncular nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, and subthalamic nucleus by two mechanisms. First, neurons located at the interface between functionally distinct, but topographically adjacent, projections could integrate diverse information by means of the synaptic convergence at the level of the cell body and proximal dendrites. Second, because the distal dendrites of neurons in the subthalamic nucleus receive input from the pallidum, those that extend across two distinct domains of pallidal input could also provide the morphological basis of integration.
Nitric Oxide Acutely Inhibits Neuronal Energy Production
Authors: Brorson James R. , Schumacker Paul T. , Zhang He 
Published: April 2018

Disruption of mitochondrial respiration has been proposed as an action of nitric oxide (NO) responsible for its toxicity, but the effects of NO on the energetics of intact central neurons have not been reported. We examined the effects of NO on mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in cultured hippocampal neurons. The application of NO from NO donors or from dissolved gas produced a rapid, reversible depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, as detected by rhodamine-123 fluorescence. NO also produced a progressive concentration-dependent depletion of cellular ATP over 20 min exposures. The energy depletion produced by higher levels of NO (2 μmor more) was profound and irreversible and proceeded to subsequent neuronal death.In contrast to the effects of NO, mitochondrial protonophores produced complete depolarizations of mitochondrial membrane potential but depleted the neuronal ATP stores only partially. Inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (rotenone or 3-nitropropionic acid) or of glycolysis (iodoacetate plus pyruvate) also produced only partial ATP depletion, suggesting that either process alone could partially maintain ATP stores. Only by combining the inhibition of glycolytic energy production with the inhibition of mitochondria could the effects of NO in depleting energy and inducing delayed toxicity be duplicated.These results show that NO has rapid inhibitory actions on mitochondrial metabolism in living neurons. However, the severe ATP-depleting effects of high concentrations of NO are not fully explained by the direct effects on mitochondrial activity alone but must involve the inhibition of glycolysis as well. These inhibitory effects on energy production may contribute to the delayed toxicity of NOin vitroand in ischemic stroke.
Pregnenolone Sulfate Modulates Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission by Enhancing GABAAReceptor Desensitization
Authors: Shen Weixing , Mennerick Steven , Covey Douglas F. , Zorumski Charles F. 
Published: April 2018

We examined the effects of the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate (PS) on GABAAreceptor-mediated synaptic currents and currents elicited by rapid applications of GABA onto nucleated outside-out patches in cultured postnatal rat hippocampal neurons. At 10 μm, PS significantly depressed peak responses and accelerated the decay of evoked inhibitory synaptic currents.In nucleated outside-out patches, PS depressed peak currents and speeded deactivation after 5 msec applications of a saturating concentration of GABA. PS also increased the rate and degree of macroscopic GABA receptor desensitization during prolonged GABA applications. In a paired GABA application paradigm, PS slowed the rate of recovery from desensitization.In contrast to its prominent effects on currents produced by saturating GABA concentrations, PS had only small effects on peak currents and failed to alter deactivation after brief applications of the weakly desensitizing GABAAreceptor agonists taurine and β-alanine. However, when β-alanine was applied for a sufficient duration to promote receptor desensitization, PS augmented macroscopic desensitization and slowed deactivation.These results suggest that PS inhibits GABA-gated chloride currents by enhancing receptor desensitization and stabilizing desensitized states. This contention is supported by kinetic modeling studies in which increases in the rate of entry into doubly liganded desensitized states mimic most effects of PS.
c-fosReduces Corticosterone-Mediated Effects on Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Rat Hippocampal CA1 Region
Authors: Hansson A. C. , Sommer W. , Rimondini R. , Andbjer B. , Strömberg I. , Fuxe K. 
Published: April 2018

The transcription of neurotrophic factors, i.e., basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is regulated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation despite the lack of a classical glucocorticoid response element in their promoter region.A time course for corticosterone (10 mg/kg, s.c.) in adrenalectomized rats revealed a peak hormone effect at the 4 hr time interval forbFGF(110–204% increase),BDNF(53–67% decrease),GR(53–64% decrease), andMR(34–56% decrease) mRNA levels in all hippocampal subregions usingin situhybridization.c-fosmRNA levels were affected exclusively in the dentate gyrus after 50 min to 2 hr (38–46% decrease).Furthermore, it was evaluated whether corticosterone regulation of these genes depends on interactions with the transcription factor complex activator protein-1.c-fosantisense oligodeoxynucleotides were injected into the dorsal hippocampus of adrenalectomized rats. Corticosterone was given 2 hr later, and the effects on gene expression were measured 4 hr later. In CA1, antisense treatment significantly and selectively enhanced the hormone action on the expression ofbFGF(44% enhanced increase) andBDNF(38% enhanced decrease) versus control oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. In addition, an upregulation ofc-fosexpression (89% increase) was found. There were no effects ofc-fosantisense on hippocampalGRandMRexpression. Thus it seems that a tonicc-fosmechanism exists within CA1, which reducesGR- andMR-mediated effects on expression ofbFGFandBDNF.
Los intelectuales en América Latina: la falta de ejemplaridad, el relativismo de valores y las ambivalencias del poder
Authors: Mansilla H. C. F. 
Published: April 2018

El breve ensayo intenta criticar los valores de orientación y las pautas repetitivas del comportamiento práctico de los intelectuales progresistas en América Latina. El texto enfatiza la falta de ejemplaridad de los intelectuales con respecto a los otros estratos sociales en los campos de la ética y de la praxis política. Los intelectuales actúan según valores convencionales (como dinero, poder, prestigio), pero reiteran discursos retóricos rutinarios, como la construcción de un modelo igualitario, cuando en realidad se hallan inmersos en estructuras jerárquicas piramidales.
Genetic Loci Governing Androgenic Capacity in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Authors: Begheyn Rachel F , Yates Steven A , Sykes Timothy , Studer Bruno 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Immature pollen can be induced to switch developmental pathways from gametogenesis to embryogenesis and subsequently regenerate into homozygous, diploid plants. Such androgenic production of doubled haploids is particularly useful for species where inbreeding is hampered by effective self-incompatibility systems. Therefore, increasing the generally low androgenic capacity of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) germplasm would enable the efficient production of homozygous plant material, so that a more effective exploitation of heterosis through hybrid breeding schemes can be realized. Here, we present the results of a genome-wide association study in a heterozygous, multiparental population of perennial ryegrass (n = 391) segregating for androgenic capacity. Genotyping-by-sequencing was used to interrogate gene- dense genomic regions and revealed over 1,100 polymorphic sites. Between one and 10 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for anther response, embryo and total plant production, green and albino plant production and regeneration. Most traits were under polygenic control, although a major QTL on linkage group 5 was associated with green plant regeneration. Distinct genetic factors seem to affect green and albino plant recovery. Two intriguing candidate genes, encoding chromatin binding domains of the developmental phase transition regulator, Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, were identified. Our results shed the first light on the molecular mechanisms behind perennial ryegrass microspore embryogenesis and enable marker-assisted introgression of androgenic capacity into recalcitrant germplasm of this forage crop of global significance.
Peculiarities of growth and lipoxygenase activity of wild fern Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott
Authors: Babenko L. M. , Kosakivska I. V. , Voytenko L. V. 
Published: April 2018

<p>We studied the peculiarities of growth, localization and dynamics of lipoxygenase activity in sporophyte organs of wild fern <em>Dryopteris filix-mas </em>(L.) Schott at various stages: intensive growth; sori ripening; spore release; summer vegetation, and vegetation termination. Morphometric analysis showed that the weight of one plant during sporophyte ontogenesis varied from 130 to 150 g. Frond length varied from 11 to 85 cm. Diameter of the overground part of rhizome was 9-10 cm. In the stage of spore release and during the summer vegetation we mentioned 7 fronds on plant, and in the phase of vegetation termination – 18. The plants had the biggest weight in phase of spore release. Following spore release and at the beginning of vegetation termination, the frond weight diminished almost by two times. An intensive elongation of fronds was observed prior to the start of spore release. When fronds unfold and grow the number of segments of the first order increase from 39 to 47 pairs. Frond length in the stage of summer vegetation increased from 4.3 to 11.2 cm (9 pairs), and then it gradually decreased from 10.2 to 0.1 cm (39 pairs) that resulted in the formation of a lanceolate lamina. In the stage of vegetation termination, the fern had 18 fronds, 12 of which remained green, while the rest dried and turned greyish-brown. The frond lamina contained 47 pairs of segments of the first order whose length increased from 4.5 to 10.5 cm, and then it diminished from 9.5 to 0.05 cm. The rhizome weight was in the range of 110.2–115.7 g in all the stages except vegetation termination. The morphological analysis showed that plants had successfully passed all developmental phases, reached their normal dimensions, had a mass spore formation, no external signs of suppression and damages, and this was generally consistent with the highest level of life state assessment. Localization and dynamics of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in organs of the sporophyte of <em>D. filix-mas </em>have been studied. We registered that fronds contained 13-LOX with рН<sub>opt. </sub>values of 7.2, rhizomes – 9-LOX (рН<sub>opt. </sub>6.5). Peculiarities that were mentioned in localization and dynamics of LOX isoforms catalytic activity in the fern organs at various phases of development suggest that the enzyme might be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism of growth processes that ensure plant adaptation to the environment. </p><p> </p>
Effect of nitrogen, wheat residues, and compost rates on the growth and yield of sunflower
Authors: Bagheri B. , Kazemeini S. A. , Bahrani M. J. , Heidari B. 
Published: April 2018

<span lang="EN-US">In modern agriculture, precise integrated management of farmlands requires natural, sustainable and environmentally friendly inputs replacing chemical fertilizers application. A two-year (2015-2016) field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of integrated application of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L</span><span lang="FA" dir="RTL">.</span><span lang="EN-US">) residues and compost accompanied by nitrogen (N) on growth, seed yield and yield components of sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em> L.) at School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. </span><span lang="EN-US">The experiment was conducted at split plots arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications.<span> Treatments included four N (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>) two wheat residues (1.5 and 3 t ha<sup>-1</sup>), two municipal compost (50 and 70 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) rates and control (no additives). The results showed that higher N rates increased seed yield, whereas it reduced its oil content. Application of wheat residues and compost increased growth, seed yield, and seed oil content compared to control. The effect of compost application on seed yield increase was more pronounced than crop residues. Therefore, for an environmentally andagronomically sound management strategy, high compost application (70 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) combined with proper N fertilization is recommended for sunflower production in the region. </span></span>
Créditos
Authors: Cerqueira Guimarães Gustavo 
Published: April 2018

Créditos do v. 2, n. 2, maio-ago., 2017. EDITORESElcio Loureiro CornelsenGustavo Cerqueira Guimarães SUBEDITORMarcus Vinícius Costa Lage EDITORES DE SEÇÃO Dossiê – O futebol em contextos locais e regionaisMarcelino Rodrigues da Silva (UFMG) Paralelas/ ResenhaMarcus Vinícius Costa Lage EntrevistaGustavo Cerqueira Guimarães PoéticaElcio Cornelsen; Gustavo Cerqueira Guimarães PARECERISTAS DESTA EDIÇÃOAndréa Casa Nova MaiaAndréa WerkemaCleber DiasEuclides CoutoFabiana BaptistaFernando MirandaFrancisco PinheiroGustavo Andrada BandeiraMarcelino Rodrigues da SilvaPedro Henrique Kalil AuadRafael Lovisi Prado COORDENAÇÃO EDITORIAL, DIAGRAMAÇÃO E EDITORAÇÃO ELETRÔNICA Gustavo Cerqueira GuimarãesPreparação de originaisOficina de editoração de periódicos eletrônicos, 2º/2017 Erilma DesireéEstella Vidotti Fernandes EstevesMarden Vinícius de Almeida FerreiraRafael Miguel SilvaSthefanie Magalhães Castro Paiva ApoioLabed (Laboratório de Edição) – Faculdade de Letras da UFMG PROJETO GRÁFICOPeDRa LeTRa IMAGEM DA CAPA DO PORTALPablo Lobato (Brasil)Um a zero #2 (2012) IMAGEM DA CAPA DESTE NÚMEROMichael Augustin (Alemanha) Segunda bola em jogo / Zweiter Ball im Spiel
Relationship Between Hand-washing Habit and Toilet Use with Diarrhea Incidence in Children Under Five Years
Authors: Rohmah Nikmatur , Syahrul Fariani 
Published: April 2018

Diarrhea is still a public health problem in the world and the mostly occur in children under five years. At the moment the number of diarrhea-caused mortality was 3.8 per 1000 per year by 3.2 episodes per year in children under five years. This research aims to analyze the association between hand-washing habits and toilet use with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years. This is an observational analytic with cross sectional study. Population of the research was a children's mother took her children to the public health center of Sekardangan Sidoarjo Subdistrict. The number of samples taken as many as 58 mother of children under five years. Data collection was done with interviews to parents of children and the observations of the toilets. Technique of data analysis using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. On the results of the research there is a significant association the habit of hand washing (p = 0.006) and toilet use(p = 0.014) with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Conclusions of the research is the habit of hand washing and toilet use had a significant association with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Advice that can be given to the mother of a children under five years is to wash the hands before and after defecating and before preparing food for children. Keywords: diarrhea, hand washing, toilet use, observational, children under five years