bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Disorder on Thermoelectric Properties of Semiconducting Polymers
Authors: Upadhyaya Meenakshi , Boyle Connor J. , Venkataraman Dhandapani , Aksamija Zlatan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrganic materials have attracted recent interest as thermoelectric (TE) converters due to their low cost and ease of fabrication. We examine the effects of disorder on the TE properties of semiconducting polymers based on the Gaussian disorder model (GDM) for site energies while employing Pauli’s master equation approach to model hopping between localized sites. Our model is in good agreement with experimental results and a useful tool to study hopping transport. We show that stronger overlap between sites can improve the electrical conductivity without adversely affecting the Seebeck coefficient. We find that positional disorder aids the formation of new conduction paths with an increased probability of carriers in high energy sites, leading to an increase in electrical conductivity while leaving the Seebeck unchanged. On the other hand, energetic disorder leads to increased energy gaps between sites, hindering transport. This adversely affects conductivity while only slightly increasing Seebeck and results in lower TE power factors. Furthermore, positional correlation primarily affects conductivity, while correlation in site energies has no effect on TE properties of polymers. Our results also show that the Lorenz number increases with Seebeck coefficient, largely deviating from the Sommerfeld value, in agreement with experiments and in contrast to band conductors. We conclude that reducing energetic disorder and positional correlation, while increasing positional disorder can lead to higher TE power factors.
Control of nanostructure and pinning properties in solution deposited YBa2Cu3O7−x nanocomposites with preformed perovskite nanoparticles
Authors: Li Ziliang , Coll Mariona , Mundet Bernat , Chamorro Natalia , Vallès Ferran , Palau Anna , Gazquez Jaume , Ricart Susagna , Puig Teresa , Obradors Xavier 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSolution deposited YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) nanocomposites with preformed nanoparticles represent a promising cost-effective approach for superior critical current properties under applied magnetic fields. Nonetheless, the majority of YBCO nanocomposites with high nanoparticle loads (>20%) suffer from nanoparticle coalescence and degraded superconducting properties. Here, we study the influence of nanoparticle concentration (0–25% mol), size (5 nm–10 nm) and composition (BaHfO3, BaZrO3) on the generation of structural defects in the epitaxial YBCO matrix, key parameter for vortex pinning. We demonstrate that flash-heated superconducting nanocomposites with 20 mol% preformed BaHfO3 or BaZrO3 perovskite secondary phases feature discrete and small (7 nm) nanoparticles and high density of YBa2Cu4O8 (Y248) intergrowths. We identify a synergy between Y248 intergrowth density and small nanoparticles to increase artificial vortex pinning centers. Also, we validate the multideposition process to successfully increase film thickness of epitaxial nanocomposites with competitive critical currents Ic at 77 K.
Electrical impulse effects on degenerative human annulus fibrosus model to reduce disc pain using micro-electrical impulse-on-a-chip
Authors: Shin JaeHee , Hwang MinHo , Back SeungMin , Nam HyoGeun , Yoo ChangMin , Park JeongHun , Son HyeongGuk , Lee JaeWon , Lim HyunJung , Lee KwangHo , Moon HongJoo , Kim JooHan , Cho HanSang , Choi Hyuk 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElectrical stimulation of cells and tissues for therapeutic benefit is a well-established method. Although animal studies can emulate the complexity of an organism’s physiology, lab-on-a-chip platforms provide a suitable primary model for follow-up animal studies. Thus, inexpensive and easy-to-use platforms for in vitro human cell studies are required. In the present study, we designed a micro-electrical impulse (micro-EI)-on-a-chip (micro-EI-chip), which can precisely control electron density and adjust the frequency based on a micro-EI. The micro-EI-chip can stimulate cells at various micro-EI densities (0–500 mV/mm) and frequencies (0–300 Hz), which enables multiple co-culture of different cell types with or without electrical stimulation. As a proof-of-concept study, a model involving degenerative inflamed human annulus fibrosus (hAF) cells was established in vitro and the effects of micro-EI on inflamed hAF cells were evaluated using the micro-EI-chip. Stimulation of the cells (150 mV/mm at 200 Hz) inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and downregulated the activities of extracellular matrix-modifying enzymes and matrix metalloproteinase-1. These results show that micro-EI stimulation could affect degenerative diseases based on inflammation, implicating the micro-EI-chip as being useful for basic research of electroceuticals.
Significant THz absorption in CH3NH2 molecular defect-incorporated organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite thin film
Authors: Maeng Inhee , Lee Young Mi , Park Jinwoo , Raga Sonia R. , Kang Chul , Kee Chul-Sik , Yu Byung Deok , Hong Suklyun , Ono Luis K. , Qi Yabing , Jung Min-Cherl , Nakamura Masakazu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe valid strong THz absorption at 1.58 THz was probed in the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite thin film, CH3NH3PbI3, fabricated by sequential vacuum evaporation method. In usual solution-based methods such as 2-step solution and antisolvent, we observed the relatively weak two main absorption peaks at 0.95 and 1.87 THz. The measured absorption spectrum is analyzed by density-functional theory calculations. The modes at 0.95 and 1.87 THz are assigned to the Pb-I vibrations of the inorganic components in the tetragonal phase. By contrast, the origin of the 1.58 THz absorption is due to the structural deformation of Pb-I bonding at the grain boundary incorporated with a CH3NH2 molecular defect.
Charge‐sharing bandpass filter with independent bandwidth and centre frequency adjustment
Authors: Ganji H. , Jannesari A. , Sohrabi Z. 
Published: April 2019

A semi‐passive charge‐sharing complex bandpass filter employing positive feedback technique is proposed to control bandwidth at different centre frequencies. In contrast to the previous arts, bandwidth can be changed independent of centre frequency without any rise in the number of clock phases and switches. Also, insightful continuous‐time model and block diagram of the proposed filter have been presented. The results of simulation carried out with 0.18 µm CMOS technology at 200 MHz reference frequency for centre frequencies of 10 and 20 MHz and bandwidth of 1, 3 and 7 MHz indicate the filter's ability to control the quality factor excellently.
GaN‐based single‐phase bridgeless PFC boost rectifier
Authors: Jappe Tiago Kommers , Lohn Murilo Koerich , Mussa Samir Ahmad 
Published: April 2019

A single‐phase GaN‐based bridgeless PFC Boost converter design is proposed regarding multi‐domain optimisation concepts. A design guideline describing elements losses are presented concerning the selected power converter topology. Experimental results are also depicted in 750 W power prototype digitally controlled by an FPGA device using switching frequency up to 500 kHz per active switch.
Evaluating suitable semiconducting materials for cryogenic power electronics
Authors: Bradley Luke , Donaghy‐Spargo Christopher , Atkinson Glynn , Horsfall Alton 
Published: April 2019

The interest in hybrid electric aircraft has invigorated research into superconducting power networks and superconducting electrical machines. Underpinning this is the ability to control the flow of electrical current at cryogenic temperatures, using power electronic devices. The authors have, for the first time, directly compared the performance of technologically relevant semiconductor materials for the realisation of high‐performance cryogenic power devices using a bulk resistivity model. By validating the model using both computational and experimental results, the performance of technologically relevant semiconductors has been calculated down to a temperature of 20 K where the freeze out of dopants is shown to be the major limiting factor in determining the performance of power electronic devices. Both Ge and GaAs are predicted to have a superior conductivity in comparison to the industrial standards Si and 4H‐SiC due to greater carrier mobilities and lower dopant ionisation energies.
Evaluation of an un‐regulated input isolated DC–DC converter using WBG devices
Authors: Ramachandran Rakesh , Nymand Morten 
Published: April 2019

The paper presents the design and analysis of an un‐regulated isolated DC–DC converter using wide band gap (WBG) devices for low‐voltage, high current applications. Un‐regulated isolated DC–DC converter uses a passive rectifier stage at the front end to connect to the utility grid. This will have a voltage stress of 480–780 V DC at the input of the isolated DC–DC converter. For the evaluation, SiC devices are used at the primary side and GaN devices at the secondary side of the converter. Later on the conclusion, a regulated isolated DC–DC converter, which uses an active PFC at the front‐end, will be recommended for having less chip area utilisation, less components and efficient magnetics as far as DC–DC converter is concerned.
Performance of multi‐stage axial‐flux machines with MMEs
Authors: Spargo Anthony James 
Published: April 2019

This study covers the investigation into the reduction of rare‐earth magnets in a permanent magnet (PM) machine via the use of multiple rotors to enable a PM generator to be comprised of mixed magnetic elements, hereafter referred to as MME, by substituting ferrite materials into some rotors. The particular machine covered in this paper featured four rotors, with two on the external sides and two inside, along with a trio of stators interlaced between the rotors. The efficiency, power, and cost of this machine are compared herein to explore available benefits of such a configuration as described. It was shown from the finite element analysis results that there was a clear benefit to using cheap ferrite materials in some rotors but not all, allowing for a huge cost decrease while only a small decrease in efficiency. The machine's purpose was for use in a low speed, direct‐drive, wind turbine. Therefore, the rated operating speed was required to be very low and was chosen to be 180 RPM which meant 40 poles were needed on the rotors to achieve 10 kVA at 60 Hz.
Versorgung von Patienten mit Kohlenmonoxidvergiftung
Authors: Lenard Daniela , Busch Hans-Jörg , Staps Enrico 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungKohlenmonoxid ist ein ubiquitär vorkommendes Gas und findet weitreichend Anwendung. Kohlenmonoxidvergiftungen sind gerade im präklinischen Umfeld eine diagnostische Herausforderung, dabei mit mehreren Tausend Klinikvorstellungen im Jahr ein relevantes Krankheitsbild für den Rettungs- und Notarztdienst. Der Beitrag stellt die Versorgung von Patienten mit CO-Vergiftung anhand eines Fallbeispiels vor.
Hochintensives Intervalltraining (HIIT) und Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Brinkmann Christian 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungHochintensives Intervalltraining (HIIT) kann eine zeitsparende Alternative zu einem Training mit moderat-intensiv kontinuierlichen Sporteinheiten für Patientinnen und Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus mit guten bis überlegenen Effekten auf die kardiorespiratorische Fitness, glykämische Kontrolle und andere Variablen (z. B. oxidativer Stress, Endothelfunktion) sein. Ein sportmedizinischer Check-up vor Aufnahme des Trainings sollte verpflichtend sein, um kardiovaskuläre Risiken zu reduzieren. Bei schweren Folgeerkrankungen wie fortgeschrittenen Retinopathien oder autonomen Neuropathien ist grundsätzlich von HIIT abzuraten. Es ist noch weiter zu klären, wie sicher HIIT ist und wie gut es die Typ-2-Diabetes-Patientinnen und -Patienten zum Sporttreiben motivieren kann.
Die praktische Implementierung von Hochintensivem Intervalltraining (HIIT) in sporttherapeutischen Maßnahmen bei Kindern mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit / Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS)
Authors: Meßler Carolin Friederike 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden praktische Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten eines (hoch-) intensiven Intervalltrainings (HIIT) für Kinder mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit / Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) präsentiert. Zudem wird vermittelt, welche entscheidende Rolle Sporttherapeuten durch ihr Bindungsverhalten mit Kindern einnehmen und wie sie in schwierigen Situationen problemlösend handeln können.
Das Stimmliche Selbstkonzept bei 230 Patienten nach
Kopf-Hals-Tumortherapie
Authors: Lehnert Bernhard , Balzer Jasmin , Grafmans Daniel 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Der ‚Fragebogen zur Erfassung des Stimmlichen Selbstkonzepts
(FESS)‘, von Nusseck et al 2015, untersucht das Stimmliche Selbstkonzept in 3
Skalen. Einblicke in das Stimmliche Selbstkonzept könnten helfen, den
Beratungsbedarf von Patienten hinsichtlich der Stimme besser zu beurteilen und
sowohl die Patientenberatung als auch klinische Entscheidungen in der
Tumortherapie beeinflussen. Bisher wurden aber noch keine Vergleichswerte für
die drei Skalen publiziert, die an Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Patienten erhoben wurden.
Material und Methoden 230 Patienten unserer Tumornachsorgesprechstunde
füllten den Fragebogen aus. Wir beschreiben die Verteilung der so erhobenen
Werte und untersuchen den Einfluss von Alter und Geschlecht.
Ergebnisse Die Verteilung der Skalenwerte ist gut. Der Einfluss von Alter
und Geschlecht ist allenfalls geringfügig, so dass unsere Werte als erste
Vergleichswerte unabhängig von Alter und Geschlecht verwendet werden können.
Schlussfolgerungen Der FESS ist für Patienten nach Kopf-Hals-Tumortherapie
anwendbar und erste Vergleichswerte zur Einordnung individueller Testergebnisse
liegen hiermit vor.
Sonographic Estimated Fetal Weight and Cesarean Delivery among Nulliparous Women with Obesity
Authors: Dude Annie , Davis Berkley , Delaney Katie , Yee Lynn 
Published: April 2019

Objective This study was aimed to examine the association between having an ultrasound estimate of fetal weight (US-EFW) and mode of delivery among obese women.
Study Design A retrospective cohort study of nulliparous women with a body mass index of ≥ 35 kg/m2 who delivered term singleton gestations. We examined whether having had an US-EFW within 35 days of delivery, or an US-EFW ≥ 90th percentile for gestational age, was associated with intrapartum cesarean delivery.
Results Of 2,826 women, 22.5% (n = 636) had an US-EFW within 35 days of delivery. Having an US-EFW was associated with increased frequency of cesarean (43.1% for those with an US-EFW versus 30.0% for those without, p < 0.001); this finding persisted when controlling for confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–1.81). Of the 636 women with an US-EFW, 22.5% (n = 143) had an US-EFW ≥ 90th percentile for gestational age, which was associated with increased frequency of an intrapartum cesarean (60.8% for those with an US-EFW ≥ 90th percentile vs. 37.9% for those with an US-EFW of < 90th percentile, p < 0.001), even when accounting for confounders (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.10–2.87).
Conclusion The presence of an US-EFW among nulliparous obese women was associated with undergoing intrapartum cesarean delivery.
Childhood trauma history is linked to abnormal brain connectivity in major depression
Authors: Yu Meichen , Linn Kristin A. , Shinohara Russell T. , Oathes Desmond J. , Cook Philip A. , Duprat Romain , Moore Tyler M. , Oquendo Maria A. , Phillips Mary L. , McInnis Melvin , Fava Maurizio , Trivedi Madhukar H. , McGrath Patrick , Parsey Ramin , Weissman Myrna M. , Sheline Yvette I. 
Published: April 2019

SignificanceThe primary finding in this study was the dramatic primary association of brain resting-state network (RSN) connectivity abnormalities with a history of childhood trauma in major depressive disorder (MDD). Even though participants in this study were not selected for a history of trauma and the brain imaging took place decades after trauma occurrence, the scar of prior trauma was evident in functional dysconnectivity. In addition to childhood trauma, dimensions of MDD symptoms were related to abnormal network connectivity. Further, we found that a network model of MDD described within- and between-network connectivity differences from controls in multiple RSNs, including the default mode network, frontoparietal network, and attention and sensory systems.
Comparison of the musculoskeletal effects of different iso‐inertial resistance training modalities: Flywheel vs. electric‐motor
Authors: Maroto‐Izquierdo Sergio , Fernandez‐Gonzalo Rodrigo , Magdi Hashish R. , Manzano‐Rodriguez Saul , González‐Gallego Javier , De Paz José a. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to analyse whether increasing the eccentric overload (EO) during resistance training, in terms of range of motion and/or velocity using an electric‐motor device, would induce different muscle adaptations than conventional flywheel‐EO resistance training. Forty physically active university students (21.7 ± 3.4 years) were randomly placed into one of the three training groups (EX1, EX2, FW) and a control group without training (n = 10 per group). Participants in the training groups completed 12 sessions (4 sets of 7 repetitions) of iso‐inertial single‐leg squat training over 6 weeks for the dominant leg. Resistance was generated either by an electric‐motor device at two different velocities for the eccentric phase; 100% (EX1) or 150% (EX2) of concentric speed, or by a conventional flywheel device (FW). Thigh lean tissue mass, unilateral leg press one‐repetition maximum (1‐RM), unilateral muscle power at different percentages of the 1‐RM and bilateral/unilateral vertical jump were assessed before and after the 6‐week training. There were significant (p < 0.05–0.001) main effects of time in the 3 training groups, indicating increased thigh lean tissue mass (2.5–5.8%), 1‐RM load (22.4–30.2%), vertical jump performance (9.1–32.9%) and muscle power (8.8–21.7%), without differences across experimental groups. Participants in the control group did not improve any of the variables measured. In addition, EX2 showed greater gains in eccentric average peak power during training than EX1 and FW (p < 0.001). Despite the different EO offered, 6 weeks of resistance training using flywheel or electric‐motor devices induced similar significant gains in muscle mass, strength, muscle power and vertical jump.
Improvement of Working Memory is a Mechanism for Reductions in Delay Discounting Among Mid-Age Individuals in an Urban Medically Underserved Area
Authors: Felton Julia W , Collado Anahi , Ingram Katherine M , Doran Kelly , Yi Richard 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Delay discounting, or the tendency to devalue rewards as a function of their delayed receipt, is associated with myriad negative health behaviors. Individuals from medically underserved areas are disproportionately at risk for chronic health problems. The higher rates of delay discounting and consequent adverse outcomes evidenced among low-resource and unstable environments suggest this may be an important pathway to explain health disparities among this population.

Purpose
The current study examined the effectiveness of a computerized working memory training program to decrease rates of delay discounting among residents of a traditionally underserved region.

Methods
Participants (N = 123) were recruited from a community center serving low income and homeless individuals. Subjects completed measures of delay discounting and working memory and then took part in either an active or control working memory training.

Results
Analyses indicated that participants in the active condition demonstrated significant improvement in working memory and that this improvement mediated the relation between treatment condition and reductions in delay discounting.

Conclusions
Results suggest that a computerized intervention targeting working memory may be effective in decreasing rates of delay discounting in adults from medically underserved areas (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03501706).
Accounting for ambiguity in ancestral sequence reconstruction
Authors: Oliva A , Pulicani S , Lefort V , Bréhélin L , Gascuel O , Guindon S 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Motivation
The reconstruction of ancestral genetic sequences from the analysis of contemporaneous data is a powerful tool to improve our understanding of molecular evolution. Various statistical criteria defined in a phylogenetic framework can be used to infer nucleotide, amino-acid or codon states at internal nodes of the tree, for every position along the sequence. These criteria generally select the state that maximizes (or minimizes) a given criterion. Although it is perfectly sensible from a statistical perspective, that strategy fails to convey useful information about the level of uncertainty associated to the inference.

Results
The present study introduces a new criterion for ancestral sequence reconstruction, the minimum posterior expected error (MPEE), that selects a single state whenever the signal conveyed by the data is strong, and a combination of multiple states otherwise. We also assess the performance of a criterion based on the Brier scoring scheme which, like MPEE, does not rely on any tuning parameters. The precision and accuracy of several other criteria that involve arbitrarily set tuning parameters are also evaluated. Large scale simulations demonstrate the benefits of using the MPEE and Brier-based criteria with a substantial increase in the accuracy of the inference of past sequences compared to the standard approach and realistic compromises on the precision of the solutions returned.

Availability and implementation
The software package PhyML (https://github.com/stephaneguindon/phyml) provides an implementation of the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) and MPEE criteria for reconstructing ancestral nucleotide and amino-acid sequences.
A learning-based framework for miRNA-disease association identification using neural networks
Authors: Peng Jiajie , Hui Weiwei , Li Qianqian , Chen Bolin , Hao Jianye , Jiang Qinghua , Shang Xuequn , Wei Zhongyu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Motivation
A microRNA (miRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA, which plays important roles in many biological processes. Lots of studies have shown that miRNAs are implicated in human diseases, indicating that miRNAs might be potential biomarkers for various types of diseases. Therefore, it is important to reveal the relationships between miRNAs and diseases/phenotypes.

Results
We propose a novel learning-based framework, MDA-CNN, for miRNA-disease association identification. The model first captures interaction features between diseases and miRNAs based on a three-layer network including disease similarity network, miRNA similarity network and protein-protein interaction network. Then, it employs an auto-encoder to identify the essential feature combination for each pair of miRNA and disease automatically. Finally, taking the reduced feature representation as input, it uses a convolutional neural network to predict the final label. The evaluation results show that the proposed framework outperforms some state-of-the-art approaches in a large margin on both tasks of miRNA-disease association prediction and miRNA-phenotype association prediction.

Availability and implementation
The source code and data are available at https://github.com/Issingjessica/MDA-CNN.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.