bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of PDC1, a novel protein involved in the epigenetic cell degeneration Crippled Growth in Podospora anserina
Authors: Nguyen Tinh‐Suong , Lalucque Hervé , Silar Philippe 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe model fungus Podospora anserina exhibits Crippled Growth (CG), a cell degeneration process linked to the spreading of a prion‐like hereditary element. Previous work has shown that the PaMpk1 MAP kinase and the PaNox1 NADPH oxidase are key player in setting up CG. Here, we identified PDC1, a new gene that negatively regulates the PaMpk1 pathway, by identifying the gene mutated in the PDC2205 mutant. This mutant exhibits strong CG in conditions where the wild‐type does not. PDC1 encodes a small protein conserved in other Pezizomycotina. The protein contains four evolutionary‐conserved cysteines, a tryptophan and a histidine; all six amino‐acid are essential for function. PDC1 is located in the cytosol and is present in lower amounts in stationary hyphae in accordance with its role as a repressor. Epistasis analyses place PDC1 between PaMpk1 and PaNox1.
Translocator protein 18kDa antagonist ameliorates stress‐induced stool abnormality and abdominal pain in rodent stress models
Authors: Kawahara Y. , Mitsui K. , Niwa T. , Morimoto N. , Kawaharada S. , Katsumata S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by abdominal pain and abnormal bowel habits, both of which are exacerbated by psychological stress. The translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO) is a marker of reactive gliosis in a number of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and responsible for many cellular functions, including neurosteroidogenesis. Although it has been reported that psychological stress disturbs neurosteroids levels, the pathophysiological relevance of TSPO in IBS is poorly understood.MethodsWe examined the effects of a TSPO antagonist, ONO‐2952, on stress‐induced stool abnormality and abdominal pain in rats, and on anxiety‐related behavior induced by cholecystokinin.Key ResultsOral administration of ONO‐2952 attenuated stress‐induced defecation and rectal hyperalgesia in rats with an efficacy equivalent to that of a 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist. In addition, ONO‐2952 suppressed cholecystokinin‐induced anxiety‐like behavior with an efficacy equivalent to that of psychotropic drugs. On the other hand, ONO‐2952 did not affect spontaneous defecation, gastrointestinal transit, visceral nociceptive threshold, and neurosteroid production in non‐stressed rats even at a dose 10 times higher than its effective dose in the stress models.Conclusions and InferencesThese results suggest that TSPO antagonism results in antistress action, and that ONO‐2952 is a promising candidate for IBS without side effects associated with current treatment.
Evaluation of Knowledge of Oxygen Therapy and Reading of Flowmeter among the Health Workers in the Pediatric Unit of the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Morros González Elly , Estrada Cano Diana , Murillo  Galvis Marcela , Montes Correa Jos Carlos , Rodríguez Malagón Nelcy , Granados Rugeles Claudia Marcela 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Supplemental oxygen is considered a pharmaceutical drug; therefore, it can produce adverse effects. Lack of consensus regarding the reading of oxygen flowmeters and the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) goals can influence clinical and paraclinical decisions and hospital stay length. Objective: To assess knowledge on oxygen therapy, adverse effects, SpO2 goals and reading of oxygen flowmeters among personnel in the Pediatric Unit at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia. Methodology: Cross-sectional study derived from convenience sampling through a self-applied survey between December 2016 and January 2017. The poll evaluated topics on supplemental oxygen therapy fundamentals and adverse effects, SpO2 goals and flowmeter readings through flowmeters photographs indicating a specific fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2). Results: The response rate was 77% from 259 subjects. 22% considered that the oxygen saturation either increases or remains the same during sleep periods in children. 78% of participants knew at least one complication associated to prolonged oxygen therapy and 67% due to supplemental oxygen concentration greater than required. In neonatal population, 10% considered oxygen saturation goals equal to or greater than 96%. In the flowmeter’s reading evaluation, incorrect answers ranged from 9 to 19%. Conclusion: It is imperative to reinforce updated concepts on oxygen therapy, with emphasis in SpO2 goals, adverse effects and appropriate flowmeter’s readings through periodic educational campaigns.
Colonización por Pneumocystis jirovecii en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Authors: Cañas Arboleda Alejandra , Garzón Herazo Javier Ricardo , Hernández Florez Catalina , Cita Pardo José Enrique , Burbano Felipe , Parra Giraldo Claudia Marcela 
Published: August 2018

La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una enfermedad prevalente en la población colombiana, que característicamente tiene un deterioro progresivo y altera la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Solo del 15% al 20% de los pacientes con antecedente de tabaquismo desarrollan la enfermedad, por lo que factores ambientales y genéticos adicionales influyen en su progresión. De las causas infecciosas que han tomado importancia, el Pneumocystis jirovecii, un hongo ubicuo que entra en contacto con la vía aérea de los humanos desde la infancia, es causa de neumonía en pacientes inmunosuprimidos. Se han descrito tasas elevadas de colonización en pacientes con EPOC, que aumentan con la severidad de la enfermedad. EPOC e infección por P. jirovecii parecen compartir una respuesta inmunológica similar, lo cual podría explicar el papel de lacolonización por el hongo en su progresión y gravedad.
Evaluation of bacterial and fungal diversity in a long-term spring wheat – field pea rotation field under different tillage practices
Authors: Essel Eunice , Li Lingling , Deng Chaochao , Xie Junhong , Zhang Renzhi , Luo Zhuzhu , Cai Liqun 
Published: August 2018

Soil management practices have the potential to modify the diversity and function of microbes in agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial and fungal diversity in a 15 yr wheat–pea rotation tillage experiment. The treatments included conventional tillage with stubble removed, no-till with stubble removed, no-till with stubble retained (NTS), and conventional tillage with stubble incorporated. Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform was employed to sequence bacteria 16S rRNA (V3V4) and fungi internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region genes in 0–10 cm and 10–30 cm of soil sampled. The dominant bacterial and fungal phyla identified at 97% similarity cutoff across both depths of treatments were Proteobacteria (26.3%), Actinobacteria (25.1%), Acidobacteria (15.0%), Gemmatimonadetes (8.8%), Ascomycota (85.8%), and Basidiomycota (8.0%). NTS had significantly (p < 0.05) higher microbial diversity indices, total organic carbon, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, NO3-N, and NH4-N at 0–10 cm depth. Tillage and stubble effects had a significant correlation with some phyla such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, JL-ETNP-Z39, Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and other identified and unidentified minor microbial phyla. No-till and residue retention practices influenced fungal and bacterial species diversity through improved soil chemical properties, which have potential to affect the habitat and activity of soil microbes. Therefore, no-till and stubble retention could improve soil quality and promote sustainable agriculture in the rainfed Loess Plateau.
CAR T-cell Integration of Multiple Input Signals Allows for Precise Targeting of Cancer
Authors: Achkova Daniela , Pule Martin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Summary: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–mediated adoptive T-cell therapy has achieved unprecedented success in the treatment of relapsed and refractory hematologic malignancies. However, this success may be more difficult to recapitulate in the treatment of metastatic solid tumors, where the lack of costimulatory signals and cytokine support as well as the strongly inhibitory microenvironment pose a substantial challenge to unleashing the antitumor potential of CAR T cells. Furthermore, nearly all described target antigens are expressed on normal tissue. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Sukumaran and colleagues address these challenges by engineering T cells to recognize a specific expression pattern unique to the tumor site using independent chimeric molecules that cooperatively deliver a fully functional T-cell response selectively in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Discov; 8(8); 918–20. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Sukumaran et al., p. 972.
MACROD2, an Original Cause of CIN?
Authors: Jin Ning , Burkard Mark E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Summary: The fundamental cause of chromosomal instability in colorectal cancer remains elusive. Genetic deletions of the MACROD2 tumor suppressor could play a major role. Cancer Discov; 8(8); 921–3. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Sakthianandeswaren et al., p. 988.
“Western” Histories of World Literature
Authors: Buschmeier Matthias 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article reviews attempts to define histories of world literature during the late 19th and first half of the 20th century. It submits that “World Literature” and national philology are two sides of the same coin, in that they serve to produce specific national identities and legitimize colonial hegemonic practices. Astonishingly, some patterns of these early histories of world literature can still be observed in contemporary theoretical debates on the subject. Thus, it is argued that, rather than dismissing this heritage of Western historiography (with or without condemnation), we should strive seriously to come up with alternative histories, wherein “West” is no longer treated as synonymous with “world,” and vice versa. The West should be seen as just one form of society and culture among the many others, all of which are due consideration when invoking the term “world.”
“Old Fellows”
Authors: Doddington David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The last few decades have seen scholars successfully challenge the idea that enslaved men in the US South were emasculated by slavery, proving that despite their oppression, enslaved men could craft a gendered sense of self. Much work on the topic has focused on public demonstrations of strength and virility, on resistance, or on men’s activities as husbands and fathers, providers and protectors. However, at times, this work has treated manhood and male identity as static, and has not considered change over the course of a lifespan. As enslaved men grew older, the performances expected of them and the possibilities afforded them could shift, and this shift was not inevitably perceived as positive or accepted without strife. While much existing work on conditions of life for elderly enslaved people has stressed the solidarity and assistance other members of the community extended to them, support was not always offered, nor was it always desired. In this article, I explore perceptions of change contemporaries associated with age and consider how this impacted on the lives of enslaved men in slave communities of the antebellum US South.
Caregiver depression: The contributing role of depression in patients, stigma, social support and religiosity
Authors: Chai Yee Chin , Mahadevan Raynuha , Ng Chong Guan , Chan Lai Fong , Md Dai Farahidah 
Published: August 2018

Background: Depression has been well studied as part of caregiver burden among patients with severe mental illnesses. Curiously, though, there has been little data in terms of caregiver burden with specific focus on depression among caregivers of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Aim: This study aims to determine the rate of depression among caregivers of person with depression and its psychosocial correlates, which include stigma, perceived social support, religious commitment and the severity of the patient’s symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 165 patients diagnosed with MDD using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) together with their caregivers. Apart from gathering social demographic data, patients were administered the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Self-Rated Version (QIDS-SR 16), whereas the caregivers were required to answer Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) and Depression Stigma Scale (DSS). Those who scored ⩾5 on PHQ-9 were further assessed with interviewer-rated M.I.N.I. to diagnose the presence of depression. Results: A total of 47 (28.5%) caregivers were found to have depressive symptoms. Out of that total, 13 (7.9%) were diagnosed to have MDD using M.I.N.I. From univariate analysis, factors associated with depression in caregivers were the severity of symptoms in patients ( p < .001), personal stigma in caregivers ( p = .037), the patients’ current depressive episode ( p = .026) and lower perceived social support from friends ( p = .048). From multivariate analysis, only the patients’ severity of depressive symptoms ( p < .001) and personal stigma in caregivers ( p = .048) were significantly associated with the caregivers’ depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the severity of patient depression and personal stigma of the caregivers were significant factors correlated with caregiver depression. Therefore, beyond optimizing the treatment of depression in patients, the issue of stigma among caregivers also needs to be addressed as a potential target of intervention.
Deleterious role of endothelial lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 in ischaemia/reperfusion cerebral injury
Authors: Akhmedov Alexander , Bonetti Nicole R , Reiner Martin F , Spescha Remo D , Amstalden Heidi , Merlini Mario , Gaul Daniel S , Diaz-Cañestro Candela , Briand-Schumacher Sylvie , Spescha Rebecca S , Semerano Aurora , Giacalone Giacomo , Savarese Gianluigi , Montecucco Fabrizio , Kulic Luka , Nitsch Roger M , Matter Christian M , Kullak-Ublick Gerd A , Sessa Maria , Lüscher Thomas F , Beer Jürg H , Liberale Luca , Camici Giovanni G 
Published: August 2018

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is implicated in cardiovascular disease by modulating apoptosis and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that LOX-1 may be involved in pathophysiology of stroke by mediating ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)-dependent cell death. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was performed in wild-type (WT) mice, endothelial-specific LOX-1 transgenic mice (eLOX-1TG) and WT animals treated with LOX-1 silencing RNA (siRNA). In WT mice exposed to tMCAO, LOX-1 expression and function were increased in the MCA. Compared to WT animals, eLOX-1TG mice displayed increased stroke volumes and worsened outcome after I/R. Conversely, LOX-1-silencing decreased both stroke volume and neurological impairment. Similarly, in HBMVECs, hypoxia/reoxygenation increased LOX-1 expression, while LOX-1 overexpressing cells showed increased death following hypoxia reoxygenation. Increased caspase-3 activation was observed following LOX-1 overexpression both in vivo and in vitro, thus representing a likely mediator. Finally, monocytes from ischaemic stroke patients exhibited increased LOX-1 expression which also correlated with disease severity. Our data unequivocally demonstrate a key role for LOX-1 in determining outcome following I/R brain damage. Our findings could be corroborated in human brain endothelial cells and monocytes from patients, underscoring their translational relevance and suggesting siRNA-mediated LOX-1 knockdown as a novel therapeutic strategy for stroke patients.
Susceptibility of density-fractionated erythrocytes to subhaemolytic mechanical shear stress
Authors: McNamee Antony P , Richardson Kieran , Horobin Jarod , Kuck Lennart , Simmonds Michael J 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Accumulating evidence demonstrates that subhaemolytic mechanical stresses, typical of circulatory support, induce physical and biochemical changes to red blood cells. It remains unclear, however, whether cell age affects susceptibility to these mechanical forces. This study thus examined the sensitivity of density-fractionated red blood cells to sublethal mechanical stresses. Methods: Red blood cells were isolated and washed twice, with the least and most dense fractions being obtained following centrifugation (1500 g × 5 min). Red blood cell deformability was determined across an osmotic gradient and a range of shear stresses (0.3–50 Pa). Cell deformability was also quantified before and after 300 s exposure to shear stresses known to decrease (64 Pa) or increase (10 Pa) red blood cell deformability. The time course of accumulated sublethal damage that occurred during exposure to 64 Pa was also examined. Results: Dense red blood cells exhibited decreased capacity to deform when compared with less dense cells. Cellular response to mechanical stimuli was similar in trend for all red blood cells, independent of density; however, the magnitude of impairment in cell deformability was exacerbated in dense cells. Moreover, the rate of impairment in cellular deformability, induced by 64 Pa, was more rapid for dense cells. Relative improvement in red blood cell deformability, due to low-shear conditioning (10 Pa), was consistent for both cell populations. Conclusion: Red blood cell populations respond differently to mechanical stimuli: older (more dense) cells are highly susceptible to sublethal mechanical trauma, while cell age (density) does not appear to alter the magnitude of improved cell deformability following low-shear conditioning.
Treatment History of Youth At-Risk for Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Farris Megan S. , MacQueen Glenda , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Wang JianLi , Kennedy Sidney H. , Bray Signe , Lebel Catherine , Addington Jean 
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim was to describe treatment history including medications, psychosocial therapy and hospital visits of participants in the Canadian Psychiatric Risk and Outcomes Study (PROCAN). Methods: PROCAN is a 2-site study of 243 youth/young adults aged 12 to 25 y, categorized into 4 groups: healthy controls ( n = 42), stage 0 (non-help seeking, asymptomatic with risk mainly family history of serious mental illness (SMI); n = 41), stage 1a (distress disorders; n = 52) and stage 1b (attenuated syndromes; n = 108). Participants were interviewed regarding lifetime and current treatments, including medications, psychosocial therapies and hospital visits. Results: The number receiving baseline medications differed significantly across groups ( P < 0.001): 0% healthy controls, 14.6% stage 0, 32.7% stage 1a and 34.3% stage 1b. Further, 26.9% and 49.1% of stage 1a and stage 1b participants received psychosocial therapy at baseline, indicative of statistically significant differences among the groups ( P < 0.001). Similar results were observed for lifetime treatment history; stage 1b participants had the highest frequency of lifetime treatment. Medications started in adulthood (>18 y of age) were the most common for initiation of treatment compared to childhood (0 to 12 y) and adolescence (13 to 17 y) for stage 1a and 1b participants. Lifetime mental health hospital visits differed significantly across groups ( P < 0.001) and were most common in stage 1b participants (29.6%) followed by stage 1a (13.5%), stage 0 (4.9%) and healthy controls (2.4%). Conclusion: We found that treatment history for participants in the PROCAN study differed among the at-risk groups. Future initiatives focused on determining the effects of treatment history on SMI are warranted.
Social and Structural Determinants of Smoking Status and Quit Attempts Among Adults Living in 12 US States, 2015
Authors: Poghosyan Hermine , Moen Erika L. , Kim Daniel , Manjourides Justin , Cooley Mary E. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: This study examined the relationships among intermediary determinants, structural determinants, and adult smoking status and quit attempts. Design: Secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data. Setting: Data come from the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Social Context module. A national, representative sample from 12 US states (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Utah). Participants: A total of 64 053 noninstitutionalized US adults aged ≥18 years. Measures: Smoking status and quit attempts were outcome variables. Individual-level structural determinants (age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, and employment status) and intermediary determinants (housing insecurity, food insecurity, health insurance, binge drinking, and general health mental health) from BRFSS. Analysis: Weighted multivariate, multinomial logistic regression. Results: Current smoking was greater among men, respondents aged between 35 to 64 and 55 to 64, adults who reported food insecurity, housing insecurity, frequent mental distress, binge drinking, and who were unemployed. Current smokers had higher odds of making quit attempts in the past 12 months if they were non-Hispanic Black, graduated college, and reported food and housing insecurity. Conclusion: Multifaceted smoking cessation interventions that address food and housing needs also incorporate screening for potential comorbidities such as mental distress and/or hazardous alcohol use and may be needed to enhance smoking cessation rates among racially diverse adults.
Family Caregivers’ Characterization of Conversations Following an ACP Event
Authors: Schubart Jane R. , Reading Jean M. , Penrod Janice , Stewart Renee R. , Sampath Ramya , Lehmann Lisa S. , Levi Benjamin H. , Green Michael J. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Advance care planning (ACP) has been shown to benefit patients and families, yet little is known about how an ACP event impacts communication and conversation about end-of-life treatment wishes and the content of such conversations between patients and family caregivers. Objective: To characterize post-ACP conversations regarding medical wishes between seriously ill patients and their family caregivers. Participants: Patients with advanced illness and family caregivers. Outcome Measured: Post-ACP conversations. Design: As part of a larger randomized controlled trial, dyads consisting of seriously ill patients and their identified family caregiver engaged in ACP and created an advance directive for the patient. Approximately 4 to 6 weeks later, semistructured interviews were conducted with the family caregivers to elucidate the subsequent communications regarding medical wishes. If the dyad did not have any conversations post-ACP, reasons and barriers were explored. Results: The majority of dyads (131/188, 69.7%) had 2 to 3 conversations lasting 3 to 5 minutes each in the weeks immediately following ACP. These conversations most commonly addressed general patient wishes about quality of life and specific medical treatments. The most common reasons for not having conversations were a general discomfort with the topic (13/57, 22.8%) and previously having discussed medical wishes (16/57, 28.1%). Conclusion: The ACP events promote conversation regarding quality of life, general wishes at the end of life, and specific medical wishes. Barriers to conversation following ACP were similar to barriers to ACP in general, suggesting that a more intentional focus on addressing these barriers pre- and post-ACP may be necessary to improve communication.