bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRIMARY OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE: COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ARTHROSCOPIC DEBRIDEMENT AND SUPERVISED MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR THE STAGE (II AND III) OF THE DISEASE
Authors: Saeed Areewan , Ali Nabaz 
Published: August 2018

Background
Osteoarthritis is a chronic disorder of synovial joints with progressive softening and disintegration of articular cartilage accompanied by osteophytes, cyst formation, subchondral sclerosis, synovitis and capsular fibrosis, it can be classified into primary and secondary types. Pain is the usual presenting symptom; modalities of treatment includes: physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy and surgery including arthroscopic debridement, osteotomy or arthroplasty.
Objectives
To assess the effect of arthroscopic debridement in stage II & III primary osteoarthritis of the knee joint and to compare that with the supervised medical therapy.
Patients and Methods
This prospective study was carried out between December 2011 and January 2015, 106 patients with 106 primary knee joint osteoarthritis were included. Age range between 30-60 years, mean (50±7.592); male 43 (40.56%), female 63 (59.43%); male to female ratio was (1:1.45); body mass index (25.50-34.00) mean (29.6375), the right side affected in (48.2%) and left side in (51.8%). The cases were divided into two groups; operative and non-operative group randomly, arthroscopic debridement with lavage in fifty-six patients and supervised medical treatment in fifty patients. Modified WOMAC score were used to evaluate both groups in pre-treatment, one week, one month, 3 months, 6 months and one year after treatment.
Results
In the comparison between the two groups, statistically significant differences were observed at the period of 6 months of treatment while no significant difference observed at the end of one year. Patients assigned to arthroscopic surgery have more improvement in the modified WOMAC score than those assigned to medical treatment.
Conclusion
Arthroscopic debridement, lavage and irrigation is more promising in decreasing pain, stiffness, and improving physical function more than supervised conservative therapy in patients with grade II & III primary osteoarthritis of the knee joint six to twelve months after the procedure.
IN-HOSPITAL COMPLICATIONS AND OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN SULAIMANI CORONARY CARE UNIT
Authors: Khaznadar Amanj , Qadir Pishtiwan 
Published: August 2018

Background
Complications following acute myocardial infarction started to decrease in the past three decades after development of primary percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolytic therapy, beside many other antiplatelet medications; however complications following acute myocardial infarction still is a major concern in the developing countries.
Objectives
To detect complications and mortality that follow acute myocardial infarction during hospitalization.
Methods and study design
An observational study, consecutive patients (n=120) with the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction admitted to the Sulaimani coronary care unit from June 2017 to February 2018 were included in this study, the in-hospital mortality and complications were recorded and analyzed.
Results
The mean age of populations in this study was 61.39±10.36 years, there were (70%) males and (30%) females, 35% of patients were smokers, 47.5% of patients had hypertension, 35% of patients had diabetes mellitus, anterior wall infarctions was present in (41.7%) of patients, while inferior wall infarction was present in (34.2%) of patients, (27.5%) of patients received thrombolytic therapy, while (54.2%) of patients received primary percutaneous coronary intervention for revascularization, 3.3% of them died during hospital stay while 53.3% of them discharged from hospital in stable condition after staying one to two days in hospital. Left ventricular dysfunction was found in (20.7%) of patients while (13.3%) develop arrhythmia and (13.3%) develop cardiogenic shock.
Conclusion
In-hospital mortality rate of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in this study was 3.3% which is comparable with studies from the western countries and India, this low rate of mortality belongs to high rate of revascularizations (percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolytic.
PREVALENCE OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE IN HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Khaznadar Amanj , Aziz Didar 
Published: August 2018

Background
The pathogenesis and prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; EF <50%) is well established, but its prevalence and pathogenesis significance in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; EF ≥50%) has been much less explored.
Objectives
To identify prevalence of IHD in HFpEF and to correlate the effect of clinical data and diagnostic tools in HFpEF
Methods
This cross sectional study was carried out in Sulaimani Cardiac Center and Shar Teaching Hospital from April 2017 to January 2018. 104 patients of heart failure whom showed ejection fraction above 50% when evaluated by echocardiography were further evaluated for ischemic heart disease by CT coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary angiography
Results
Among the patients, 34 (32.7%) were males and 70 (63.7%) were females, and their mean age was 65.49±4.9 with the IHD was equal in both genders with P value of 0.5. However, it was more common in overweight and obese patients with P value of 0.07 when comparing with underweight and normal, in our study 81.6% of patients were HTN and 62.6% of patients were diabetic, a strong relationship between past medical disease and CAD with p value of <0.001. Overall, 43.3% had ischemic heart disease.
Conclusion
Our data suggest that coronary artery disease is more prevalent in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and it depends on other risk factors and risks of ischemic heart disease.
PENUMBRA AND OUTPUT FACTORS MEASUREMENTS FOR SMALL AND NON-SMALL FIELDS IN RADIOTHERAPY
Authors: Saeed Zarean , Faraj Kharman , Hassan Hunar , Wahbi Araz , Shamsaldin Akhtar 
Published: August 2018

Background
The use of radiotherapy linear accelerators in special procedures require strict quality assurance procedures to ensure the level of confidence in the accuracy of dose delivered. The radiation beam needs to be precisely targeted to maximize the dose to the target volume cancer, and minimize the dose to the surrounding healthy tissue.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to measure the penumbra and output factors of different ionization chambers for small and non-small fields using two photon energies.
Methods
The penumbra and output factors were measured using PinPoint, Roos, Farmer and Semiflex chambers at a depth of 10 cm and photon beam energies of 6 MV and 10 MV for both small (1×1, 2×2, 3×3) cm2 and non-small fields (4×4, 5×5, 10×10) cm2 defined by conventional multi-leaf collimators. As the same detectors, field sizes, photon energies were used to measure the output factors. The Percentage dose depth of the beam measured for all field sizes and beam energies.
Results
Our results showed that the extension of the Roos chamber was less than the other chambers and the output factors corresponding to non-small field 5×5 cm2 and above had identical values and exhibited similar Percentage dose depth (PDD) curves, while in those corresponding to small field 3×3 cm2 and below exhibited different output factors and PDD curves.
Conclusion
We conclude that the size of the chamber has a significant effect on the output factor and penumbra and the PinPoint chamber is the most suitable choice of chambers for use as an output detector from those available in Zhianawa cancer center.
Rare plants and plant communities of rich fens of “Malaya Sosva” Nature Reserve (Western Siberia)
Authors: Lapshina Elena D. , Ganasevich Galina N. , Vasina Aleksandra L. 
Published: August 2018

A geobotanical survey of rich fens on the left-bank terraces of the Em-Egan River, the right tributary of the Malaya Sosva River in the southern part of the nature reserve “Malaya Sosva” (61.79° - 62.05° N, 64.06° - 64.55° E). 179 species have been identified, including 84 species of higher vascular plants, 69 species of mosses and 26 types of liverworts. Of these, 11 species are included in the Red Data Book of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, including 9 species of higher vascular plants and 2 species of mosses: Baeothryon alpinum, Cardamine nymanii, Dactylorhiza traunsteineri, D. incarnata, Hammarbya paludosa, Huperzia selago, Saxifraga hirculus, Thelypteris palustris, Triglochin palustre, Meesia triquetra, Paludella squarrosa. Three more species – Corallorrhiza trifida, Calliergon richardsonii, Meesia uliginosa are included in the list of species whose condition in the natural environment requires special attention. In addition, such rare species as Eriophorum brachyantherum, Stellaria crassifolia, Bistorta major, rare species of mosses such as Bryum bimum, Calliergonella cuspidata, Campylium pretense, Hamatocaulis vernicosus, Scorpidium cossonii, Tomentypnum nitens are listed in the mire plant communities.
On the basis of the ecological-floral approach of the J. Brown-Blanke school, 8 associations, 6 subassociations and 3 communities from 5 unions, 3 orders and 3 classes of vegetation were allocated in the vegetation cover of rich fens. The belonging of one more vegetation community type of the Bistorta major–Sphagnum fuscum dwarf birch community with the sparse fir (Picea obovata) to the class and the order is not established. The highest phytocenotic diversity and the highest concentration of rare and protected species are found in communities of the order Sphagno warnstorfii-Tomentypneetalia. Phytocenotic association and frequency of occurrence of rare species in different types of plant communities are established.
Internal Control Practices of Readymade Garments Sector (Textile Industry) in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Anup Kumar , Mondal Kartik Chandra 
Published: August 2018

Internal control has a pivotal role in ensuring sustenance of any industry because it plays an important role in preventing and detecting fraud and protecting the organization's resources. This study has found many factors that are relevant for internal control practices in readymade garments (RMG) sector. These vary from maintenance of employees’ job description to bonding employees with special access. In many variables these companies are practicing acceptable level of internal control, while in some they are not doing so good and have ample scope to improve that level. RMG sector is mainly populated with sole proprietorship firms and they do not allocate much resource to such practice. Even then the concern for internal control has to be implemented to ensure long lasting role in the economy.
Ludwig’s Angina Complicated by Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis and Superimposed Candida mediastinitis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tejura Nilesh , Kapila Rajendra , Dever Lisa 
Published: August 2018

Ludwig’s angina is a rapidly spreading infection of the floor of the mouth and neck. A rare and dreaded complication of Ludwig’s angina is extension of the infection to the mediastinum. We describe a unique case of Ludwig’s angina presenting with descending necrotizing mediastinitis, with the subsequent development of Candida albicans and Candida krusei mediastinitis.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT IN PATIENT WITH A PRIMARY CILIARY DYSKINESIA (KARTAGENER SYNDROME): CASE REPORT
Authors: Rybakova I. V. , Koroleva I. V. , Khizhniak A. V. , Sidorovich O. V. , Elizarova S. Iu. 
Published: August 2018

Primary ciliar dyskinesia is а rare orphan disease known for its multiple and variable symptoms caused by the marked genetic heterogenity beyond. As per the abundant symptoms in pediatric patients, a frequent inflammatory diseases of both upper and lower respiratory tract segments are the key points. A Sieberth-Kartagener Syndrome is a classical form of the primary ciliary dyskinesia covered such symptoms as the reversal placement of internal organs, chronic bronchoectases, nasal cavity hypoplasia and/or sinusitis. According to some foreign research, the age mediana value estimated in Eastern and Western European countries for a “Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia” diagnosis is equal to about 5 years. A lack of early diagnosis is nothing but a direct consequence of the poor level of awareness, so common for a primary health care system. This itself leads to increased rates of patients disability. This report deals with clinical peculiarities, diagnostics and treatment details observed and administered in a primary ciliary dyskinesia (Kartagener Syndrome) patient. Noteworthy, both mother’s tough obstetric-gynecological profile and a harsh course of this particular pregnancy were indeed taken into account. Up until 11 months, this patient was subjected to a non-clinical treatment on numerous respiratory infection occasions. A “Kartagener Syndrome” diagnosis was estimated in our clinic on the basis of laboratory and instrumental tests data. Thus, the latter prove a complete reversal of internal organs placement. Further, this diagnosis was re-confirmed by histomorphological patterns revealed in the nasal epithelial biopsy study. A difficulty to come up with the Kartagener Syndrome diagnosis at the pre-hospital treatment stage is in a focus of this specific case report. Noteworthy, we have succeed with the early diagnosis of Kartagener Syndrome and then with a following efficient therapy conducted in our clinic.
Politeness in "Adit dan Sopo Jarwo" Animation
Authors: Budiarta I Wayan , Rajistha I Gusti Ngurah Adi 
Published: August 2018

This article aimed to describe the politeness and its violations in the Adit dan Sopo Jarwo program. The data for this research were collected by recording and taking notes. The data that have been taken were analyzed by using the theory of politeness by Leech (2014). The result of the analysis is presented informally, by verbally describing the findings. Related to the types of the politeness, the result of the analysis shows that there are three types of politeness maxim exemplified in the animation; tact, approbation, and generosity. Politeness violations occur with the tact, agreement, and generosity maxims. The utterances that show politeness are uttered by the characters Jarwis, Ujang, Denis, and Mr. Habibie whereas the utterances that show politeness violations are uttered by Ujang, Denis, Devi, and Jarwo.
The Boundaries of Russian Identity Analysis of the Concept of Russkiy Mir in Contemporary Russian Online Media
Authors: Kozdra Michał 
Published: August 2018

This article set out to present selected outcomes of my research on the concept of “russkiy mir” in contemporary ethnocentric online Russian media. Perspectives for further analysis were also presented. The analytical methodology involved a semantic and cultural analysis of a dataset from a cognitive and anthropological viewpoint including elements of critical discourseanalysis. The concept of “russkiy mir” in the ethnocentric discourse investigated in this article was based on an idea of forming a supranational Russian civilization. This community would unite all Russians, the Russian diaspora and all those learning Russia, and declaring the attachment to Russian culture. Proponents of this discourse assume that “russkiy mir” will have a geopolitical dimension, imperial pretenses and will transgress state borders, and claiming for itself a transcontinental realm. A nationality dimension is also supposed to be an important aspect according to the discourse participants. The main ethnos is to be that of the Russian nation, around which other ethnoses will congregate. The Orthodox religion is supposed to be an important co-constituent of “russkiy mir”.
When the Unspoken Speaks: As Seen in Andriani Marshanda’s You Used Me and Letter to God
Authors: Akun Akun 
Published: August 2018

Repressed unresolved psychological conflicts for some people can be safely channeled into a poetical literary work as—despite its short and audio-visually framed and limited form— it could speak of bigger ideas with more freedom, and English as a medium had its own capacity to truthfully communicate the ideas. The goal of this study was to reveal the spoken and the unspoken truths behind Andriani Marshanda’s poetic expressions and their visualization in The Unspoken 1: You Used Me and The Unspoken 2: Letter to God. This research focused on how English played an important role in safely channeling the ideas and how oxymoronic metaphors used in the poems speak more of the unspoken words and worlds within the poems. It used library research by employing a textual analysis of the selected poems using Macherey’s concept of the spoken and unspoken. The additional data were also taken from the real life of the author found in printed and electronic media. The analysis will be focused on the revelation of the silence or unspoken that unconsciously infiltrates the spoken or expressed lines of the poems. It is concluded that the poems speak more bluntly of the persona’s lack of freedom, feelings of being exploited, incongruous and dilemmatic state of mentality, and a newly perceived, happily anticipated, and more truly liberated life.
The Business Strategy Analysis of a Forwarding Company in Indonesia
Authors: Inderadi Regina , Adiannisa Larasati , Setiadi Nugroho J. 
Published: August 2018

The aims of this research were to identify key internal and external success factors within the forwarding industry and the organization, and to analyze competitive positioning of a forwarding business in Indonesia in order to obtain its optimal business strategy. Research method applied was qualitative approachusing case study. Respondents consist of 20 managers at Jakarta. Data collection was conducted in October 2017 at Jakarta using questionnaire distribution. The first stage of data analysis mapped company's strengths and weaknesses into Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix, mapped market opportunities and threats into External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix, and mapped competition into Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) with the application of Expert Choice Software. The results of the external and internal audit were used to generate alternative strategies by applying a Business Competitive Position Matrix, Grand Matrix Strategy, and BCG Matrix. Three alternative strategies were selected from matrices conducted prior to Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), namely adding the new sub-business unit to serve delivery service for small-sized goods (product development), conduct IT innovation to open opportunities in entering E-Commerce business (market development), and liquidation. The outcome is a product development strategy, which is indicating that the best strategic decision for the future sustainability in the business competition is to add new sub-business unit in small-sized goods delivery.
SHAPING THE VISION OF THE FUTURE IN MORTGAGE HOLDERS
Authors: Neyaskina Yu. Yu. , Pukhova O. V. 
Published: August 2018

The article features some results of an empirical research that defines the specifics of shaping the vision of the future in mortgage holders. The hypothesis under examination states the difference in the vision of the future in mortgage holders, those about to sign a mortgage lending contract, and those without mortgage obligations. The differences concern the level of detail elaboration and future construction, the expression of various modality orientations about future, and density of events. The methods included qualitative research methods, e.g. graphical method "Cottle’s Circles", "My future" essay, a technique for verbal response to the stimulus "The future", as well as quantitative ones. The obtained empirical data make it possible to say that the decision of taking mortgage lending credit changes the semantic matrix of the person, defines the specifics of subjective chronotype. In particular, it gives the specific coloring to the semantic and event shaping of one’s vision about the future. The results of the research can be used to organize psychological work with people who are going to take mortgage lending, as well as with mortgage holders.
THE STATUS OF GENDER-ROLE IDENTITY IN SENIOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN FROM SINGLEAND TWO-PARENT FAMILIES
Authors: Tsaritsentseva O. P. 
Published: August 2018

The article features the results of theoretical generalization and empirical research of the statuses of gender-role identity in senior preschool children from singleand two-parent families. The article demonstrates the relevance of the stated problem and assesses the level of its investigation by modern science. The gender-role identity is analyzed as a consciousness component, which reflects understanding of oneself as a representative of the defined sex. It also includes stereotypes about masculinity and femininity and the attitude towards them. The peculiarities of preschool age are described from the position gender-role identity formation. The empirical research is directed not only at the description of gender- role identity of senior preschool children, but also at the description and the analysis of features of the status of gender-role identity in preschool children from full and incomplete families. It has been proven that the status of gender-role identity of the senior preschool children is only partly defined by the structure of family. Stereotypic ideas of differences between boys and girls most often are found in children from disfunctional families, whereas children from full families more often display an attractive image of the opposite sex. Children from twoparent families incorrectly identify themselves with age.
NAIVE SEMANTIZATION AND LEXICOGRAPHY OF MONGOLIAN BIONYMS: THE CASE OF "HARE" BIONYM
Authors: Battulga G. 
Published: August 2018

The article is devoted to the study of the theory of naive linguistics and the principles of its research. The material of the research is the results of psycholinguistic experiment. The results show ordinary representations of native speakers of Mongolian language. The words denoting flora and fauna (bionyms) were used as the stimuli for the experiment. The responses in the experiment have revealed a specific character of word functioning in the language consciousness of Mongolian native speakers. To describe a naive view on a word meaning, the respondents used associations in the form of spontaneous definitions and citations that include the word stimulus as well as comparisons it inspired. The research has made it possible to reconstruct a fragment of the ethnical language world view as a component of the language consciousness of Mongolian native speakers. In the conclusion the author gives a description of these bionyms, compiled on the basis of lexicographic processing of reactions and within the framework of the naive linguistics theory.
TEXT MANIFESTATION OF THE LINGUISTIC PERSONA FEATURES: TYPOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors: Bogachanova T. D. 
Published: August 2018

The analysis of the secondary texts obtained as a result of a linguistic experiment has allowed the author to create a degree classification for the emergence of metalinguistic consciousness and to compare them to personalization and depersonalization tendencies. The classification, as well as various metaindicators, linguistic and extralinguistic factors make it possible to create a linguistic persona typology based on personalization and depersonalization tendencies, text generation and text perceiving. The article features a new classification of linguistic persona on the basis of two criteria: degrees of the emergence of metalinguistic consciousness and text generation and perception. The analysis conducted has revealed that types of the linguistic persona are divided into two groups depending on the unique or variable type of the linguistic persona established in the process of text perceprion. This article represents results of the analysis of texts belonging to various types of unambiguous linguistic persona.