bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in masticatory laterality 3 months after treatment with unilateral implant‐supported fixed partial prosthesis
Authors: Khoury‐Ribas Laura , Ayuso‐Montero Raul , Willaert Eva , Peraire Maria , Martinez‐Gomis Jordi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed changes in masticatory laterality in patients with unilateral posterior missing teeth 3 months after treatment with an implant‐supported fixed partial prosthesis (ISFPP).MethodsThirty patients with unilateral posterior missing teeth participated in this prospective study. They were treated with one‐, two‐ or three‐unit ISFPPs. The control group comprised 10 healthy individuals with complete natural dentition. Each participant performed masticatory assays at baseline and at 3‐month follow‐up, chewing pieces of silicon inside a latex bag. Masticatory laterality was determined using three different methods: assessment of the first chewing cycle, of all cycles and application of a visual analogue scale. Data were compared using the Kruskal‐Wallis or the Mann‐Whitney U test as appropriate.ResultsThree months after treatment, a significant change in the asymmetry index towards the treated side and a significant reduction in the Unilateral Chewing Index were observed in the ISFPP group. No significant differences in masticatory laterality between groups were detected at 3‐month follow‐up, regardless of the method assessed.ConclusionTreatment with ISFPPs alters the masticatory laterality, moving it to the treated side and increasing the degree of bilateral chewing in patients with unilateral posterior missing teeth.
Reproductive phenology of submerged macrophytes: A tracker of year‐to‐year environmental variations
Authors: Calero Sara , Rodrigo Maria A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsPhenological shifts are useful trackers of climate change effects on species and communities, but few datasets focus on the climate‐driven phenological responses of aquatic ecosystem vegetation. We aimed to analyse the reproductive seasonality of a submerged macrophyte community, the synchrony among coexisting species, and their responses to several environmental factors.LocationA Mediterranean coastal pond in Valencia, Spain.MethodsWe analysed three years of data on a submerged macrophyte community. Plants were collected biweekly or monthly (57 collection dates) to quantify the intensity of flowering/fruiting per species. The reproductive seasonality of the community was tested with circular statistics. The reproductive synchrony of species was calculated with the Augspurger and the Freitas and Bolmgren indexes. The environmental factors driving reproduction in macrophytes were analysed with redundancy analyses.ResultsThe reproductive activity of the community was seasonal (peaking in spring–summer) or non‐seasonal (peaking in spring–summer and autumn) depending on the year‐to‐year variations of precipitations after the summer drought. The synchronization among species in flowering and fruiting (overlap in time and intensity) was low, because the species‐specific reproductive patterns were spread throughout the long Mediterranean growing season. Temperature, water level, and conductivity were the variables that best explained flowering variability in the community, indicating that these factors affected each species differently. Fruiting was temporally correlated to flowering, with different lags depending on the species life cycle.ConclusionsThe species‐specific responses suggest that a warming climate may act as an environmental filter, gradually changing the community structure. The reproductive phenology of submerged macrophytes could act as an early indicator of a changing climate, with charophytes (Characeae) as suitable tracker candidates. Further studies concerning their phenology are needed to assess the resilience of submerged macrophyte communities to drought and assure the long‐term functioning of Mediterranean aquatic ecosystems.
CONTROL: A randomized phase 2 study of obeticholic acid and atorvastatin on lipoproteins in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients
Authors: Pockros Paul J. , Fuchs Michael , Freilich Bradley , Schiff Eugene , Kohli Anita , Lawitz Eric J. , Hellstern Paul A. , Owens‐Grillo Janet , Van Biene Courtney , Shringarpure Reshma , MacConell Leigh , Shapiro David , Cohen David E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic and severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although NASH has no approved treatments, obeticholic acid (OCA), a synthetic bile acid and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, was shown to improve histological features of NASH and fibrosis. Considering that FXR activation influences plasma lipoprotein concentrations, the Combination OCA aNd sTatins for monitoRing Of Lipids (CONTROL) study evaluated how statins can regulate lipoprotein metabolism with OCA treatment in patients with NASH.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 study began with a 5‐week screening/statin washout; 84 patients with NASH were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to receive placebo or 5 mg, 10 mg or 25 mg OCA once daily during the 16‐week double‐blind phase. Concurrent once daily atorvastatin (10 mg/days) was initiated at Week 4 with subsequent titration. Enrolled patients had biopsy‐confirmed diagnosis of NASH with no evidence of hepatic decompensation. Plasma was collected to analyse lipoprotein parameters.ResultsAt Week 4, all OCA groups had an increase from baseline in mean low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and mean LDL particle concentration (LDLpc), mostly owing to large, less atherogenic LDLc particles. Atorvastatin 10 mg decreased LDLc and LDLpc levels below baseline in all OCA groups by Week 8; higher doses did not provide additional clinical benefits.ConclusionsThe CONTROL study showed that OCA‐induced increases in LDLc in patients with NASH were mitigated with atorvastatin. The combination of OCA and atorvastatin was generally safe and well tolerated (NCT02633956).
Care in Trouble: Ecologies of Support from Below and Beyond
Authors: Duclos Vincent , Criado Tomás Sánchez 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOver the last decades, care has proliferated as a notion aimed at capturing a vast array of practices, conditions, and sentiments. In this article, we argue that the analytics of care may benefit from being troubled, as it too often reduces the reproduction of life to matters of palliation and repair, fueling a politics of nationalism and identitarianism. Picking up the threads of insight from STS, “new materialisms,” and postcolonial feminist and indigenous scholarship, we discuss care from “below” and “beyond,” thus exposing tensions between the enveloping and the diverging, the enduring and the engendering, that play out in care practices. We propose “ecologies of support” as an analytic that attends to how humans are grounded in, traversed by, and undermined by more‐than‐human and often opaque, speculative, subterranean elements. Our proposal is for anthropology to not simply map life‐sustaining ecologies, but to experimentally engage with troubling modes of inquiry and intervention.
The international anorectal physiology working group (IAPWG) recommendations: Standardized testing protocol and the London classification for disorders of anorectal function
Authors: Carrington Emma V. , Heinrich Henriette , Knowles Charles H. , Fox Mark , Rao Satish , Altomare Donato F. , Bharucha Adil E. , Burgell Rebecca , Chey William D. , Chiarioni Guiseppe , Dinning Philip , Emmanuel Anton , Farouk Ridzuan , Felt‐Bersma Richelle J. F. , Jung Kee Wook , Lembo Anthony , Malcolm Allison , Mittal Ravinder K. , Mion Franҫois , Myung Seung‐Jae , O’Connell P. Ronan , Pehl Christian , Remes‐Troche Jose María , Reveille R. Matthew , Vaizey Carolynne J. , Vitton Veronique , Whitehead William E. , Wong Reuben K. , Scott S. Mark ,   All members of the International Anorectal Physiology Working Group
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis manuscript summarizes consensus reached by the International Anorectal Physiology Working Group (IAPWG) for the performance, terminology used, and interpretation of anorectal function testing including anorectal manometry (focused on high‐resolution manometry), the rectal sensory test, and the balloon expulsion test. Based on these measurements, a classification system for disorders of anorectal function is proposed.MethodsTwenty‐nine working group members (clinicians/academics in the field of gastroenterology, coloproctology, and gastrointestinal physiology) were invited to six face‐to‐face and three remote meetings to derive consensus between 2014 and 2018.Key recommendationsThe IAPWG protocol for the performance of anorectal function testing recommends a standardized sequence of maneuvers to test rectoanal reflexes, anal tone and contractility, rectoanal coordination, and rectal sensation. Major findings not seen in healthy controls defined by the classification are as follows: rectoanal areflexia, anal hypotension and hypocontractility, rectal hyposensitivity, and hypersensitivity. Minor and inconclusive findings that can be present in health and require additional information prior to diagnosis include anal hypertension and dyssynergia.Conclusions and InferencesThis framework introduces the IAPWG protocol and the London classification for disorders of anorectal function based on objective physiological measurement. The use of a common language to describe results of diagnostic tests, standard operating procedures, and a consensus classification system is designed to bring much‐needed standardization to these techniques.
Abdominal distension after eating lettuce: The role of intestinal gas evaluated in vitro and by abdominal CT imaging
Authors: Barba Elizabeth , Sánchez Borja , Burri Emanuel , Accarino Anna , Monclus Eva , Navazo Isabel , Guarner Francisco , Margolles Abelardo , Azpiroz Fernando 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSome patients complain that eating lettuce, gives them gas and abdominal distention. Our aim was to determine to what extent the patients' assertion is sustained by evidence.MethodsAn in vitro study measured the amount of gas produced during the process of fermentation by a preparation of human colonic microbiota (n = 3) of predigested lettuce, as compared to beans, a high gas‐releasing substrate, to meat, a low gas‐releasing substrate, and to a nutrient‐free negative control. A clinical study in patients complaining of abdominal distention after eating lettuce (n = 12) measured the amount of intestinal gas and the morphometric configuration of the abdominal cavity in abdominal CT scans during an episode of lettuce‐induced distension as compared to basal conditions.Key ResultsGas production by microbiota fermentation of lettuce in vitro was similar to that of meat (P = .44), lower than that of beans (by 78 ± 15%; P < .001) and higher than with the nutrient‐free control (by 25 ± 19%; P = .05). Patients complaining of abdominal distension after eating lettuce exhibited an increase in girth (35 ± 3 mm larger than basal; P < .001) without significant increase in colonic gas content (39 ± 4 mL increase; P = .071); abdominal distension was related to a descent of the diaphragm (by 7 ± 3 mm; P = .027) with redistribution of normal abdominal contents.Conclusion and InferencesLettuce is a low gas‐releasing substrate for microbiota fermentation and lettuce‐induced abdominal distension is produced by an uncoordinated activity of the abdominal walls. Correction of the somatic response might be more effective than the current dietary restriction strategy.
Auxin abolishes SHI‐RELATED SEQUENCE5‐mediated inhibition of lateral root development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yuan Ting‐Ting , Xu Heng‐Hao , Li Juan , Lu Ying‐Tang 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Lateral roots (LRs), which form in the plant postembryonically, determine the architecture of the root system. While negative regulatory factors that inhibit LR formation and are counteracted by auxin exist in the pericycle, these factors have not been characterised.

Here, we report that SHI‐RELATED SEQUENCE5 (SRS5) is an intrinsic negative regulator of LR formation and that auxin signalling abolishes this inhibitory effect of SRS5. Whereas LR primordia (LRPs) and LRs were fewer and less dense in SRS5ox and Pro35S:SRS5‐GFP plants than in the wild‐type, they were more abundant and denser in the srs5‐2 loss‐of‐function mutant. SRS5 inhibited LR formation by directly downregulating the expression of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES‐DOMAIN 16 (LBD16) and LBD29.

Auxin repressed SRS5 expression. Auxin‐mediated repression of SRS5 expression was not observed in the arf7‐1 arf19‐1 double mutant, likely because ARF7 and ARF19 bind to the promoter of SRS5 and inhibit its expression in response to auxin.

Taken together, our data reveal that SRS5 negatively regulates LR formation by repressing the expression of LBD16 and LBD29 and that auxin releases this inhibitory effect through ARF7 and ARF19.
Dietary patterns of >30,000 adolescents 9–15 years of age in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Thorne‐Lyman Andrew L. , Shaikh Saijuddin , Mehra Sucheta , Wu Lee S.F. , Ali Hasmot , Alland Kelsey , Schultze Kerry J. , Mitra Maithilee , Hur Jinhee , Christian Parul , Labrique Alain B. , West Keith P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLittle is known of the usual food intakes of rural adolescents in South Asia. This study describes dietary patterns, based on >91,000 7‐day food frequencies among 30,702 girls and boys, aged 9–15 years in rural northwest Bangladesh. Three intake assessments per child, taken across a calendar year, were averaged to represent individual annual intake patterns for 22 food groups. Latent class analysis was used to assign individuals to dietary patterns based on class membership probabilities. The following five dietary patterns (class membership probabilities) were identified: (1) “least diverse” (0.20); (2) “traditional” (0.28); (3) “low vegetable/low fish” (0.23), (4) “moderately high meat” (0.20); and (5) “most diverse” (0.09). The least diverse pattern had the lowest median consumption of most foods and traditional had a relatively higher intake of most vegetables and fish. The most diverse pattern consumed both healthy and processed foods much more often than other patterns. The two most diverse patterns (4 and 5) were associated with higher socioeconomic status, body mass index, height‐for‐age Z‐score, and male gender, and the least diverse pattern showed inverse associations with these characteristics. The most diverse pattern may represent an early wave of the nutrition transition in rural Bangladesh.
Evidence and impact of neutrophil extracellular traps in malignant melanoma
Authors: Schedel Fiona , Mayer‐Hain Sarah , Pappelbaum Karin Ingrid , Metze Dieter , Stock Martin , Goerge Tobias , Loser Karin , Sunderkötter Cord , Luger Thomas Anton , Weishaupt Carsten 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUlceration of melanoma is associated with neutrophil infiltrates and lower survival rates opposite to non‐ulcerated melanoma. Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that are chromatin structures loaded with antimicrobial proteins. Since NETs have been correlated with tumor progression, we investigated whether NETs appear in melanoma and affect melanoma cells. Indeed, human primary melanoma biopsies revealed neutrophils releasing NETs in all of 27 ulcerated melanomas, whereas NETs were absent in all of 7 non‐ulcerated melanomas. However, the quantity of intratumoral NETs did not correlate with tumor progression of melanoma. Interestingly, in vitro assays showed that melanoma cells attach to NETs via integrin‐mediated adhesion and that NETs inhibit tumor cell migration. Moreover, co‐culturing of NETs and melanoma cells had a cytotoxic effect on melanoma cells resulting in necrosis. Hence, we discovered in vitro an antineoplastic role of NETs in melanoma.
Global nurse/midwife workforce and reproductive health through social ecology lens
Authors: Riner Mary E. , Ofner Susan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore how community social ecology factors may be associated with country registered nurse/registered midwife (RN/RM) workforce supply and reproductive health globally.DesignA cross‐sectional design using a social ecology framework was employed.SampleData were retrieved from publicly available websites for 107 countries.MeasurementsDependent variables included RN/RM density, maternal mortality ratios (MMR), and adolescent birth rates (ABR). Independent variables included gender inequality, region, country income classification, education, gross domestic product per capita, government expenditure of spending on education and health, life expectancy, percent of female seats in legislature, and labor force participation factors.ResultsThe best fit multivariable model of RN/RM density showed that after adjustment for region, country income and the GII, the percent of females with some secondary education explained most of variation in RN/RM density. The best fit models of MMR and ABR showed that gender inequality explained most of the variation. Other factors in the models were the percent of female seats in legislatures, region, country income class, and mean years of schooling.ConclusionsEmploying a social ecology model can useful in RN/RM workforce planning and development as countries seek multisectoral strategies for increasing the RN/RM supply and improving reproductive health outcomes.
How much baseline correction do we need in ERP research? Extended GLM model can replace baseline correction while lifting its limits
Authors: Alday Phillip M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBaseline correction plays an important role in past and current methodological debates in ERP research (e.g., the Tanner vs. Maess debate in the Journal of Neuroscience Methods), serving as a potential alternative to strong high‐pass filtering. However, the very assumptions that underlie traditional baseline also undermine it, implying a reduction in the signal‐to‐noise ratio. In other words, traditional baseline correction is statistically unnecessary and even undesirable. Including the baseline interval as a predictor in a GLM‐based statistical approach allows the data to determine how much baseline correction is needed, including both full traditional and no baseline correction as special cases. This reduces the amount of variance in the residual error term and thus has the potential to increase statistical power.
On the Design of Experiments with Ordered Treatments
Authors: Singh Satya Prakash , Davidov Ori 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThere are many situations where one expects an ordering among K ⩾ 2 experimental groups or treatments. Although there is a large body of literature dealing with the analysis under order restrictions, surprisingly, very little work has been done in the context of the design of experiments. Here, a principled approach to the design of experiments with ordered treatments is provided. In particular we propose two classes of designs which are optimal for testing different types of hypotheses. The theoretical findings are supplemented with thorough numerical experimentation and a concrete data example. It is shown that there is a substantial gain in power, or alternatively a reduction in the required sample size, when an experiment is both designed and analysed by using methods which account for order restrictions.
Interaction between lateral sorting in river bends and vertical sorting in dunes
Authors: Baar Anne W. , Weisscher Steven A. H. , Kleinhans Maarten G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSediment is sorted in river bends under the influence of gravity that pulls the heavier grains downslope and secondary flow that drags the finer grains upslope. Furthermore, when dunes are present, sediment is also sorted vertically at the dune lee side. However, sorting functions are poorly defined, since the relation to transverse bed slope and the interaction between lateral and vertical sorting is not yet understood for lack of data under controlled conditions. The objective of this study is to describe lateral sorting as a function of transverse bed slope and to gain an understanding of the interaction between lateral and vertical sorting in river bends. To this end, experiments were conducted with a poorly sorted sediment mixture in a rotating annular flume in which secondary flow intensity can be controlled separately from the main flow velocity, and therefore transverse bed slope towards the inner bend and dune dimensions can be systematically varied. Sediment samples were taken along cross‐sections at the surface of dune troughs and dune crests, and over the entire depth at the location of dune crests (bulk samples), which enabled comparison of the relative contribution of vertical sorting by dunes to lateral sorting by the transverse bed slope. The data show that lateral sorting is always the dominant sorting mechanism in bends, and bulk samples showed minor effects of vertical sorting by dunes as long as all grain‐size fractions are mobile. An empirical bend sorting model was fitted that redistributes the available sediment fractions over the cross‐section as a function of transverse bed slope. Comparison with field data showed that the model accurately reproduces spatially‐averaged trends in sorting at the bend apex in single‐thread channels. The bend sorting model therefore provides a better definition of bend sorting with conservation of mass by size fraction and adds to current understanding of bend sorting. The implication for numerical modelling is that bend sorting mechanisms can be modelled independently of dunes, allowing the application of the active layer concept.
Type 1 IFN signaling critically regulates influenza‐induced alloimmunization to transfused KEL RBCs in a murine model
Authors: Liu Dong , Gibb David R. , Escamilla‐Rivera Vicente , Liu Jingchun , Santhanakrishnan Manjula , Shi Zhimin , Xu Lan , Eisenbarth Stephanie C. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUNDOnly a fraction of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion recipients form alloantibodies, and variables determining responsiveness or nonresponsiveness are poorly understood. We and others have previously shown in animal models that pretreatment with toll‐like receptor agonists that mimic different types of infections impacts the magnitude or frequency of RBC alloantibody responses. We hypothesized that influenza infection, coexistent with transfusion, would impact responses to transfused RBCs in a manner dependent on Type 1(α/β) interferon (IFN) signaling and tested this in a murine model.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWild‐type mice or mice lacking the ability to respond to Type 1 IFN were infected with influenza prior to the transfusion of transgenic murine RBCs (K1) expressing the human KEL glycoprotein or the triple fusion HOD protein. Alloantibody responses were measured longitudinally after transfusion by flow cytometric crossmatch, and posttransfusion RBC recovery and survival was evaluated.RESULTSInfluenza‐infected mice transfused with K1 RBCs developed robust anti‐KEL alloantibodies, whereas animals transfused in the absence of infection remained nonresponders; influenza‐associated RBC alloimmunization was also observed after transfusion of HOD RBCs. Recipient Type 1 IFN production was critical to the mechanism of action of influenza‐induced RBC alloimmunization, with alloimmunization being significantly decreased in mice unable to sense Type 1 IFN (through antibody blockade or genetic approaches).CONCLUSIONThese and other data suggest that Type 1 IFN responses to toll‐like receptor agonists or infections regulate RBC alloantibody responses. Studies investigating whether such a correlation exists in humans may be informative.