bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between muscle architecture and badminton-specific physical abilities
Authors: Nadzalan Ali MD , Mohamad Nur Ikhwan , Lee Jeffrey Low Fook , Chinnasee Chamnan 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe study aimed at determining the relationships between muscle architecture and badminton-specific physical abilities.MethodsThe total of 30 university level badminton players (mean age: 22.1 ± 1.4 years) were recruited as participants and underwent assessment of muscle architecture and badminton-specific physical abilities. Pennation angle, fascicle length, and muscle thickness of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris were determined with ultrasonography for muscle architecture variables. Lunge one repetition maximum (1RM), lunge relative 1RM, standing long jump, vertical jump, and agility t-test were performed for physical abilities. The relationship between all muscle architectures and physical abilities was determined with the use of Pearson correlation.ResultsThe results showed that the pennation angle and muscle thickness were positively correlated while fascicle length was negatively correlated with the physical abilities except for the agility test.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates that the possibilities of training performed by athletes affect their muscle architecture; further studies are required to examine how different kinds of training affect muscle architecture, which can then influence performance in sports.
Effect of visual and vestibular information on spatial perception on gait
Authors: Faquin Bruno Secco , Candido Cristiane Regina Coelho , Mochizuki Luis , Okazaki Victor Hugo Alves 
Published: July 2018

PurposeWalking demands controlling body segments based on sensory information. Experimental manipulation of sensory information provides insight about how it interacts in situations of occlusion or perturbation of such information. This study examined the effect of manipulation of visual and vestibular information on spatial perception during gait.MethodsThirty-two participants aged between 19-34 years old walked straight ahead for 7 meters to reach the center point of the pathway. The authors measured the number of steps, movement time, and absolute error (deviation from the center of pathway end). They analyzed six experimental conditions: without spin with vision, without spin with visual occlusion, without spin with visual perturbation, with spin and vision, with spin and visual occlusion, and with spin and visual perturbation. Friedman's ANOVA test was used to compare the experimental conditions with a significance of 5% (<i>p</i> < 0.05).ResultsOcclusion and perturbation of visual information, and the perturbation of vestibular information, both affected the spatial orientation. The more sources of information that were occluded and/or perturbed; the greater was the decline of spatial perception. However, participants were able to perform the task of walking in all conditions with the manipulation of sensory information.ConclusionsThe authors suggest that there is a dynamic hierarchy in which the sensory sources can contribute in a particular way, due to the constraint imposed on the system.
Analysis of reactive agility and change-of-direction speed between soccer players and physical education students
Authors: Rauter Samo , Coh Milan , Vodicar Janez , Zvan Milan , Krizaj Josef , Simenko Jozef , Szmajda Lukasz , Mackala Krzysztof 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe main goal of the experiment was to examine the differences between reactive agility (RA) as non-planned (randomly selected stimuli) movement and change-of-direction speed (CODS) as pre-planned movement among different levels of sports performance - young soccer players and physical education students.MethodsThe two groups in the study included 36 young male and female soccer players and 58 male and female physical education students. Timing for universal agility was defined by two different specification: pre-planned agility as a change of direction speed and non-planned (randomly selected stimuli) agility as reactive agility. The study used FitLight Trainer, a wireless system of interconnected light powered sensors.ResultsSoccer players were significantly faster in selected test of CODS (-1.73s; 13.1%) and RA (-2.34s; 14.3%). The greatest difference between male and female subjects was observed in the non-planned universal reactive agility UA-RA (-2.84s; 17.9%). A t-test indicated statistically significant gender differences in the selected test of pre-planned (non-reactive) and non-planned (reactive) agility among soccer players and students.ConclusionsThe practical message for coaches and related professionals is that agility in team sports (including soccer) as motor skills represent various physical qualities. Therefore, it should be diagnosed and developed via separate assessments and training.
Variations in important aerobic fitness parameters and physical characteristics during two consecutive preseason periods in adolescent soccer players
Authors: Manou Vasiliki , Dalamitros Athanasios A. , Kellis Spiros 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThis study examined the variations in selected aerobic fitness parameters, namely maximum oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>max), running velocity at VO<sub>2</sub>max (vVO<sub>2</sub>max), running velocity at ventilatory threshold (vAnT) and 1-minute post-exercise heart rate recovery (%HRrec) as well as height, body mass and percentage of body fat (%BF) in high-level adolescent soccer players. The relationship between %BF and VO<sub>2</sub>max values was also analyzed.Methods25 athletes (mean age: 14.5 ± 1.3 years) were measured at the second week of the preseason period (1st period) and at the same corresponding week after a 12-month period (2nd period).ResultsVO<sub>2</sub>max, vVO<sub>2</sub>max and vAnT increased significantly by 6.6, 6.5 and 3.27%, respectively, from the 1st to 2nd period (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01 - 0.05; effect size (ES) = -0.35 - 0.66). In contrast, %HRrec remained relatively unchanged (-0.5%) during the same period (<i>p</i> > 0.05; effect size (ES) = 0.01). %BF showed a negative trend, but no significant correlation with VO<sub>2</sub>max was found during the same period (r = -0.331; <i>p</i> > 0.05). Significant variations were found for height and body mass (2.64 and 11.17%; <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01; effect size (ES) = -0.56 and -0.72, respectively), but not for %BF (1.34%; <i>p</i> > 0.05; effect size (ES) = -0.27).ConclusionsThis data can provide useful information regarding physiological aerobic adaptations and changes in physical characteristics as a result of a year of soccer training, including growth and maturations processes, during the specific periods tested.
Contextual interference effects on motor skill acquisition, retention and transfer in sport rifle shooting
Authors: Moretto Nelson Alexandre , Marcori Alexandre Jehan , Okazaki Victor Hugo Alves 
Published: July 2018

PurposeMotor learning is the response to a new experience or practice of a skill that results in the production of a new motor skill. The contextual interference (CI) effect is a learning effect which describes the benefits of interference during practice as improved skill retention and skill transfer. Though it is an established phenomenon, the efficacy of CI has not yet been proven in complex motor tasks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the CI effect on motor skill acquisition, retention, and transfer in sport rifle shooting.Methods32 subjects were equally divided into two practice groups: high contextual interference (HCI) and low contextual interference (LCI). Four blocks of thirty shots were performed 10 meters from the target. Three positions (standing, sitting, and lying down) were used to manipulate the CI effect. The HCI group changed positions before each shot, while the LCI group shot 10 times in the same position before changing to the next one. All conditions were randomized between groups and subjects. One week after the 120 acquisition shots, retention and transfer (15 and 25 meters from the target) tests were carried out.ResultsAccuracy between groups during the acquisition phase, retention test results, and transfer test results were similar between groups. Therefore, the CI effect was not observed in any of the phases of motor learning in sport rifle shooting.ConclusionsIt is possible these results are associated with the amount of practice, level of CI used, and complex characteristic of the task.
Amplification of light absorption of black carbon associated with air pollution
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Zhang Qiang , Cheng Yafang , Su Hang , Li Haiyan , Li Meng , Zhang Xin , Ding Aijun , He Kebin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The impacts of black carbon (BC) aerosols on air quality,
boundary layer dynamics and climate depend not only on the BC mass
concentration but also on the light absorption capability of BC. It is well
known that the light absorption capability of BC depends on the amount of
coating materials (namely other species that condense and coagulate on BC). However, the difference of light absorption capability of
ambient BC-containing particles under different air pollution conditions
(e.g., clean and polluted conditions) remains unclear due to the
complex aging process of BC in the atmosphere. In this work, we investigated
the evolution of light absorption capability for BC-containing particles
with changing pollution levels in urban Beijing, China. During the campaign
period (17 to 30 November 2014), with an increase in PM1 concentration
from ∼ 10 to ∼ 230 µg m−3, we found that the mass-weighted averages of the aging degree and
theoretical light absorption capability of BC-containing particles increased
by ∼ 33 % and ∼ 18 %, respectively,
indicating stronger light absorption capability of BC-containing particles
under more polluted conditions due to more coating materials on the BC
surface. By using an effective emission intensity (EEI) model, we further found
that aging during regional transport plays an important role in the
difference in the light absorption capability of BC-containing particles
under different air pollution levels. During the pollution episode,
∼ 63 % of the BC over Beijing originated from regional
sources outside of Beijing. These regionally sourced BC-containing particles
were characterized by more coating materials on BC surfaces due to more
coating precursors within more polluted air, which contributed
∼ 75 % of the increase in theoretical light absorption
capability of BC observed in Beijing during the polluted period (PM1 of
∼ 230 µg m−3) compared to that in the clean period
(PM1 of ∼ 10 µg m−3). Due to the increase in
theoretical light absorption capability of BC associated with air pollution,
the direct radiative forcing of BC was estimated to be increased by
∼ 18 % based on a simple radiation transfer model. Our work
identified an amplification of theoretical light absorption and direct
radiative forcing under a more polluted air environment due to more coating
materials on BC. The air pollution control measures may, however,
break the amplification effect by reducing emissions of both BC and the
coating precursors and achieve co-benefits of both air quality and climate.
Investigating the yield of H2O and H2 from methane oxidation in the stratosphere
Authors: Frank Franziska , Jöckel Patrick , Gromov Sergey , Dameris Martin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. An important driver of climate change is stratospheric water vapor (SWV), which in turn is influenced by the oxidation of atmospheric methane (CH4). In order to parameterize the production of water vapor (H2O) from CH4 oxidation, it is often assumed that the oxidation of one CH4 molecule yields exactly two molecules of H2O. However, this assumption is based on an early study, which also gives evidence that this is not true at all altitudes. In the current study, we re-evaluate this assumption with a comprehensive systematic analysis using a state-of-the-art chemistry–climate model (CCM), namely the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model, and present three approaches to investigate the yield of H2O and hydrogen gas (H2) from CH4 oxidation. We thereby make use of the Module Efficiently Calculating the Chemistry of the Atmosphere (MECCA) in a box model and global model configuration. Furthermore, we use the kinetic chemistry tagging technique (MECCA-TAG) to investigate the chemical pathways between CH4, H2O and H2, by being able to distinguish hydrogen atoms produced by CH4 from H2 from other sources.We apply three approaches, which all agree that assuming a yield of 2 overestimates the production of H2O in the lower stratosphere (calculated as 1.5–1.7). Additionally, transport and subsequent photochemical processing of longer-lived intermediates (mostly H2) raise the local yield values in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere above 2 (maximum  >  2.2). In the middle and upper mesosphere, the influence of loss and recycling of H2O increases, making it a crucial factor in the parameterization of the yield of H2O from CH4 oxidation. An additional sensitivity study with the Chemistry As A Boxmodel Application (CAABA) shows a dependence of the yield on the hydroxyl radical (OH) abundance. No significant temperature dependence is found. We focus representatively on the tropical zone between 23° S and 23° N. It is found in the global approach that presented results are mostly valid for midlatitudes as well. During the polar night, the method is not applicable.Our conclusions question the use of a constant yield of H2O from CH4 oxidation in climate modeling and encourage to apply comprehensive parameterizations that follow the vertical profiles of the H2O yield derived here and take the chemical H2O loss into account.
Exploring systematic offsets between aerosol products from the two MODIS sensors
Authors: Levy Robert C. , Mattoo Shana , Sawyer Virginia , Shi Yingxi , Colarco Peter R. , Lyapustin Alexei I. , Wang Yujie , Remer Lorraine A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Long-term measurements of global aerosol loading and optical
properties are essential for assessing climate-related questions. Using
observations of spectral reflectance and radiance, the dark-target (DT)
aerosol retrieval algorithm is applied to Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer sensors on both Terra (MODIS-T) and Aqua (MODIS-A)
satellites, deriving products (known as MOD04 and MYD04, respectively) of
global aerosol optical depth (AOD at 0.55 µm) over both land and
ocean, and an Ångström exponent (AE derived from 0.55 and
0.86 µm) over ocean. Here, we analyze the overlapping time series
(since mid-2002) of the Collection 6 (C6) aerosol products. Global monthly
mean AOD from MOD04 (Terra with morning overpass) is consistently higher than
MYD04 (Aqua with afternoon overpass) by ∼ 13 % (∼ 0.02 over
land and ∼ 0.015 over ocean), and this offset (MOD04 – MYD04) has
seasonal as well as long-term variability. Focusing on 2008 and deriving
yearly gridded mean AOD and AE, we find that, over ocean, the MOD04 (morning)
AOD is higher and the AE is lower. Over land, there is more variability, but
only biomass-burning regions tend to have AOD lower for MOD04. Using
simulated aerosol fields from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5)
Earth system model and sampling separately (in time and space) along each
MODIS-observed swath during 2008, the magnitudes of morning versus afternoon
offsets of AOD and AE are smaller than those in the C6 products. Since the
differences are not easily attributed to either aerosol diurnal cycles or
sampling issues, we test additional corrections to the input reflectance
data. The first, known as C6+, corrects for long-term changes to each
sensor's polarization sensitivity and the response versus the scan angle and
to cross-calibration from MODIS-T to MODIS-A. A second convolves the
detrending and cross-calibration into scaling factors. Each method was
applied upstream of the aerosol retrieval using 2008 data. While both methods
reduced the overall AOD offset over land from 0.02 to 0.01, neither
significantly reduced the AOD offset over ocean. The overall negative AE
offset was reduced. A collection (C6.1) of all MODIS Atmosphere products was
released, but we expect that the C6.1 aerosol products will maintain similar
overall AOD and AE offsets. We conclude that (a) users should not interpret
global differences between Terra and Aqua aerosol products as representing a
true diurnal signal in the aerosol. (b) Because the MODIS-A product appears
to have an overall smaller bias compared to ground-truth data, it may be more
suitable for some applications. However (c), since the AOD offset is only
∼ 0.02 and within the noise level for single retrievals, both MODIS
products may be adequate for most applications.
Intimate partner violence and severe maternal morbidity among pregnant and postpartum women in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Puccia Maria Inês Rosselli , Mamede Marli Villela , Souza Luiz De 
Published: July 2018

Este artigo investigou a associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo (IPV) durante a gravidez atual e morbidade materna grave entre gestantes e puérperas atendidas em maternidades públicas na Grande São Paulo, Brasil. Um total de 109 mulheres que desenvolveram Morbidade materna grave foi selecionado de acordo com os critérios adotados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Outras 337 mulheres que não apresentaram nenhuma intercorrência clínica, laboratorial ou de manejo durante a gestação atual e puerpério, foram selecionadas para o grupo controle. As participantes foram submetidas à investigação retrospectiva de IPV utilizando-se um instrumento adaptado do WHO Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women, aplicado entre Novembro 2010 e Junho 2011. A relação entre a variável resposta (Morbidade materna grave) e a variável exposição (IPV) ajustadas para as demais variáveis independentes, foram avaliadas através de proporções, teste chi-quadrado, teste exato de Fischer e regressão logística múltipla. A prevalência de 12.6% (IC:9,5–15,7) para violência psicológica, 7.6% (IC:5,1–10,1) para violência física e 1.6% (IC:0,4–2,8) para violência sexual foi observada durante a gravidez atual em ambos os grupos de casos e controles. Embora não tenha sido identificada significância estatística entre exposição a IPV durante a gravidez atual e ocorrência de Morbidade materna grave (p>0,264), foram verificados fatores associados com condições sociodemográficas e reprodutivas desfavoráveis entre as mulheres expostas a IPV e entre aquelas que desenvolveram Morbidade materna grave. O monitoramento sistemático da Morbidade materna grave e o rastreamento rotineiro para IPV entre gestantes são importantes medidas para reduzir a morbimortalidade materna e para qualificar os serviços de atenção à saúde reprodutiva.
Body, culture and meaning
Authors: Dourado Claudia De Souza , Fustinoni Suzete Maria , Schirmer Janine , Brandão-Souza Camila 
Published: July 2018

Introdução: O ser humano perpassa a história na procura da plenitude e da perfeição do corpo. Mudam-se os atores, muda-se o cenário, o contexto sociocultural, os gostos e interpretações, o significado, e permanece-se a busca pelo corpo ideal.Objetivo: Propõe-se uma abordagem de caráter crítico-reflexiva sobre o padrão do corpo ao longo da trajetória histórica, assim como sua representatividade cultural e o significado a ele atribuído.Método: Trata-se de uma dissertação crítico-reflexiva construída com base em literatura existente. Utilizou-se os bancos de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, Scientific Eletronic Library – SciELO e Bireme; bem como o Google Acadêmico e literaturas cinzentas. A elaboração do manuscrito seguiu as normas da revisão de literatura, e aproximou-se da abordagem qualitativa. Resultados: Há de se considerar a relação que a mídia estabelece com o corpo, impulsionando uma busca incansável por um reflexo padronizado no espelho, encarado como beleza; A cultura do poder de compra sobre o corpo feminino, da discriminação, da violência, da indiferença. Revela-se uma discussão sobre aspectos fundamentais e importantes para se compreender o corpo na totalidade, não apenas como uma estrutura orgânica, mas como algo complexo e subjetivo que sofre constantes influências do ambiente ao qual é exposto, da época e da sociedade na qual está inserido.Conclusão: Conclui-se que o corpo sempre esteve em uma posição de destaque nas civilizações dentre os inúmeros períodos históricos vividos, independente de qual momento, sempre houve um estereótipo corporal a ser seguido, cultuado e adorado, e a busca por essa conquista continua nos dias atuais.
Evaluation of antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of Cassia fistula (L.) using the Caenorhabditis elegans model
Authors: Thabit Sara , Handoussa Heba , Roxo Mariana , El Sayed Nesrine S. , Cestari de Azevedo Bruna , Wink Michael 
Published: July 2018

Background
Cassia fistula (L.) (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant from tropical Asia. It is known for its marked antioxidant activity, which is attributed to its high phenolic content. The present study aims at testing both the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of a hydroalcoholic extract from the aerial parts of Cassia fistula using the Caenorhabditis elegans model, which is widely used in this context.

Methods
Chemical profiling of secondary metabolites that seem to be responsible for both antioxidant and neuroprotective capacities was carried out by HPLC/PDA/ESI-MSn. Antioxidant activity was tested in vitro by CUPRAC and DPPH assays. In vivo antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were investigated using the C. elegans model.

Results
The Cassia extract improved the survival rate of the nematodes and protected them against oxidative stress. In addition, a decrease in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed. The important role of DAF-16/FOXO pathway was confirmed through an increased nuclear localization of the DAF-16 transcription factor, increased expression of SOD-3 stress response gene and decreased expression of HSP-16.2. Furthermore, the putative involvement of SKN-1/NRF2 pathway was demonstrated by a decrease in GST-4 levels. A neuroprotective activity of the Cassia extract was shown by a decline in polyglutamine (polyQ40) aggregate formation and a delay in paralysis caused by amyloid beta (Aβ1–42) accumulation.

Discussion
The Cassia extract exhibits substantial antioxidant and neuroprotective activities in vivo, which might provide a rich and novel source of natural antioxidants and neuroprotective compounds to be further studied for the use in various food and cosmetic industrial fields.