bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A trait-based ecology to assess the acclimation of a sperm-dependent clonal fish compared to its sexual host
Authors: Leung Christelle , Breton Sophie , Angers Bernard 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundSurvival in temporally or spatially changing environments is a prerequisite for the perpetuation of a given species. In addition to genetic variation, the role of epigenetic processes is crucial in the persistence of organisms. For instance, mechanisms such as developmental flexibility enable the adjustment of the phenotype of a given individual to changing conditions throughout its development. However, the extent of factors other than genetic variability, like epigenetic processes, in the production of alternative phenotype and the consequences in realized ecological niches is still unclear.MethodsIn this study, we compared the extent of realized niches between asexual and sexual individuals from different environments. We used a trait-based ecology approach exploiting trophic and locomotive structures to infer the environment that each biotype actually used. More specifically, we compared the morphology of the all-female clonal and sperm-dependent fishChrosomus eos-neogaeusto that of their sexual host speciesC. eosin common garden and natural conditions.ResultsTransfer from natural to controlled conditions resulted in a similar shift in measured morphology for clonal and sexual individuals suggesting comparable level of flexibility in both kinds of organisms. However, clonal, but not sexual, individuals displayed a consistent phenotype when reared in uniform conditions indicating that in absence of genetic variation, one phenotype corresponds to one niche. This contrasted with results from natural conditions where clones were morphologically as variable as sexual individuals within a sampled site. In addition, similar phenotypic changes for both clonal and sexual individuals were observed among the majority of sampled sites, indicating that they responded similarly to the same environments.DiscussionOur results indicated that clones can efficiently use different niches and may evolve in a range of environmental conditions comparable to that of a sexual species, thus underlying the importance of factors other than genetic variability, like epigenetic processes, for coping with environmental heterogeneity.
Repeal of Subminimum Wages and Social Determinants of Health Among People With Disabilities
Authors: Kakara Mihir , Bair Elizabeth F. , Venkataramani Atheendar S. 
Published: November 2024

ImportancePeople with disabilities experience pervasive health disparities driven by adverse social determinants of health, such as unemployment. Section 14(c) of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act has been a controversial policy that allows people with disabilities to be paid below the prevailing minimum wage, but its impact on employment remains unknown despite ongoing national debates about its repeal.ObjectiveTo estimate whether state-level repeal of Section 14(c) was associated with employment-related outcomes for people with cognitive disability.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis quasi-experimental, synthetic difference-in-differences study used individual-level data from the 2010-2019 American Community Surveys. Outcomes before and after subminimum wage law repeal in 2 states (New Hampshire and Maryland) that repealed Section 14(c) were compared with a synthetic group of control states that did not implement repeal. Individuals aged 18 to 45 years who reported having a cognitive disability were included. Data were analyzed from May 2023 to May 2024.ExposureRepeal of Section 14(c) in New Hampshire (2015) and Maryland (2016).Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were labor force participation and employment rates. Secondary outcomes were annual wages, annual hours worked, hourly wages, and proportion earning above state minimum wage among employed individuals.ResultsThe sample included 450 838 individuals. Of these, 253 157 (55.7%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 31.3 (8.4) years. In state-specific analyses, New Hampshire’s labor force participation and employment had a statistically significant increase by 5.2 percentage points (β = 0.05; 95% CI, 0-0.10; P = .04) and 7 percentage points (β = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.13; P = .03), respectively, following Section 14(c) repeal. Labor force participation and employment both increased in Maryland, although estimates were not statistically significant. Pooling both states, Section 14(c) repeal was associated with a statistically significant 4.7–percentage point (β = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.08; P = .01) increase in labor force participation and a nonsignificant 4.3–percentage point (β = 0.04; 95% CI, 0-0.09; P = .07) increase in employment.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, repeal of Section 14(c), a policy allowing subminimum wages for people with disabilities, led to increases in labor force participation, though with heterogeneity at the state level. These findings suggest the importance of state-level factors in shaping program effects, especially as national-level Section 14(c) repeal is being debated.
A vision for the future conservation evidence landscape
Authors: O'Connell M. J. , White R. L. , Haysom K. A. , Seo M. , Dooner P. , Macadam C. , Plowman A. , Bulman C. R. , Hayns S. , Nason M. , Groves L. , Orr H. G. , Meakin K. , Dagley J. , Stringer A. , Smart A. , Hynes J. , Stone D. , Hails R. S. , Webb J. , Hutchinson N. , Higgins S. , Wilson J. D. , Burns F. , Robinson S. L. , Doar N. , Smith R. K. , Sutherland W. J. , Rogers L. , Jackson H. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Evidence‐based conservation has made some major steps forward in the last two decades. However, the ‘landscape’ in which evidence is generated, funded and disseminated still has some elements that will need to be further developed if the UK's conservation sector is to achieve its collective nature recovery goals.

This paper articulates a shared vision of the conservation evidence landscape in 2035. It was developed by representatives of 27 organisations involved in conservation and nature recovery across the UK.

Solution: the authors identified a range of issues that will need to be addressed to allow the evidence base to support and guide nature recovery efforts. These will require action in four key areas: (1) evidence creation, (2) access to evidence, (3) evidence culture, and (4) enabling evidence‐based conservation.
Automated assessment of EEG background for neurodevelopmental prediction in neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Lagacé Micheline , Montazeri Saeed , Kamino Daphne , Mamak Eva , Ly Linh G. , Hahn Cecil D. , Chau Vann , Vanhatalo Sampsa , Tam Emily W. Y. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveAssess the capacity of brain state of the newborn (BSN) to predict neurodevelopment outcomes in neonatal encephalopathy.MethodsTrends of BSN, a deep learning‐based measure translating EEG background to a continuous trend, were studied from a three‐channel montage long‐term EEG monitoring from a prospective cohort of 92 infants with neonatal encephalopathy and neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed by Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd edition (Bayley‐III) at 18 months. Outcome prediction used categories “Severe impairment” (Bayley‐III composite score ≤70 or death) or “Any impairment” (score ≤85 or death).Results“Severe impairment” was predicted best for motor outcomes (24 h area under the curve (AUC) = 0.97), followed by cognitive (36 h AUC = 0.90), overall (24 h AUC = 0.84), and language (24 h AUC = 0.82). “Any impairment” was best predicted for motor outcomes (12 h AUC = 0.95), followed by cognitive (24 h AUC = 0.85), overall (12 h AUC = 0.75), and language (12 and 24 h AUC = 0.68). Optimal BSN cutoffs for outcome predictions evolved with the postnatal age. Low BSN scores reached a 100% positive prediction of poor outcomes at 24 h of age.InterpretationBSN is an excellent predictor of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in survivors of neonatal encephalopathy after therapeutic hypothermia, even at 24 h of life. The trend provides a fully automated, objective, quantified, and reliable interpretation of EEG background. The high temporal resolution supports continuous bedside brain assessment and early prognostication during the initial dynamic recovery phase.
Barriers to Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Comparison of High‐Poverty and Low‐Poverty Communities
Authors: Gibbons J. Alex B. , Mannstadt Insa , Amen Troy B. , Rajan Mangala , Young Sarah R. , Parks Michael L. , Figgie Mark , Bass Anne , Russell Linda , Mehta Bella , Navarro‐Millán Iris , Goodman Susan M. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveOur aim was to determine the most significant barriers to total joint arthroplasty (TJA) for people living in high‐poverty communities relative to low‐poverty communities.MethodsWe created a 21‐question survey based on interviews with underrepresented minority patients with osteoarthritis targeting five barriers to TJA: trust in surgeon, recovery concerns, cost and/or insurance issues, fear of poor surgical outcomes, and timing considerations. Participants rated the importance of each barrier on a 5‐point Likert scale, dichotomized into “very or extremely important” and “not as important.” The survey was distributed at New York City clinics and nationally through an arthritis advocacy group. We used geocoding to link addresses to census tracts, defining high‐poverty communities as those with ≥20% of residents living below the poverty level. Logistic regression models assessed the association between community poverty status and rating barriers as very or extremely important, with adjustment for demographic and clinical factors.ResultsOf the 702 survey participants, 16.8% were residents of high‐poverty communities. After adjustment, participants from high‐poverty communities were more likely to rate trust in surgeon (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–2.82) and fear of poor surgical outcome (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.08–2.61) as very or extremely important.ConclusionPeople from high‐poverty communities identified lack of trust in surgeons and fear of poor surgical outcomes as more significant barriers to TJA compared to people from low‐poverty communities.
Ionic Gel Chemical Sensors with Damage Tolerance for Monitoring Lithium‐ion Battery Electrolyte Leakage and Battery Safety
Authors: Li Li , Chen Ying , Sun Tongrui , Zhang Junyao , Xiong Chonghao , Guo Pu , Dai Shilei , Zhang Shiqi , Li Weimin , Lu Qinghua , Huang Jia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGiven the frequent occurrence of lithium‐ion battery (LIB) incidents, gas sensors monitoring LIB safety are imperative yet deficient. Here, a new class of LIB electrolyte sensors based on ionic gels is presented, in which ions instead of electrons act as charge carriers and interact with analyte molecules for improved sensitivity. The ionic gels are readily synthesized through the photopolymerization of ionic liquids (ILs) incorporating C═C bonds with structurally analogous ILs devoid of C═C bonds. Through systematic investigation, PF6− is identified as the optimal ion carrier for LIB electrolyte sensing. Trace amounts of LIB electrolyte (20 nL) leakage can be detected within seconds. Interestingly, the devices exhibit decent damage tolerance. More importantly, multiple sensors with decent consistency can be batch‐fabricated on a large scale, which is essential for practical applications. Remarkably, the devices exhibit an extended operational lifespan, endowing them with significant potential for long‐term safety monitoring. The sensors are integrated into a monitoring system and demonstrate exceptional capability in differentiating the various stages of LIB thermal runaway, which paves the way for their potential applications in power storage stations and electric vehicles.
Enhanced Photo‐Thermal CO2 Methanation with Tunable RuxNi1‐x Catalytic Sites: Alloying Beyond Pure Ru
Authors: Guo Chan , Wang Lige , Tang Yunxiang , Yang Zhengyi , Zhao Yufei , Jiang Yanyan , Wen Xiaodong , Wang Fenglong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDeveloping solid‐solution nano‐alloys from immiscible metals has garnered significant interest; however, the high formation entropy poses substantial challenges in synthesis, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the catalytic mechanisms under alloying effects. Herein, the synthesis of small‐sized (≈2.5 nm) RuxNi1‐x solid‐solution alloy nanoparticles with precisely controlled Ru/Ni ratios across a broad compositional range is reported for the first time, despite their bulk immiscibility. The Ru0.76Ni0.24/TiO2 catalyst, with an optimized Ru/Ni ratio, delivers superior photo‐thermal catalytic activity for CO2 methanation, achieving a CH4 production rate of 3.58 mol gmetal−1 h−1 with 94% selectivity at 250 °C under light irradiation, representing a 2.82‐fold enhancement over monometallic Ru/TiO2. Comprehensive investigations reveal that the reconstruction of electronic structure at Ru–Ni active sites enhances the adsorption/activation of reactants, promotes the transformation of intermediate HCO3* to HCOO*, and facilitates the separation of the photo‐generated charge carriers witnessed by the femtosecond time‐resolved transient absorption (fs‐TA) spectroscopy. These combined effects collectively result in significantly enhanced CH4 formation performance. This work highlights the potential of regulating catalytic sites in immiscible metal combinations for photo‐thermal catalytic CO2 conversion, underscoring the promise of these cost‐effective alloys in heterogeneous catalysis.
Advanced Lignin‐Based Hydrogels with Superior Stiffness, Toughness, and Sensing Capabilities
Authors: Li Xinhong , You Xiangyu , Wang Xuelian , Kang Jia , Zhang Hui Jie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHydrogels, known for their 3D polymer networks and high water content, are widely used in applications ranging from agriculture to tissue engineering and soft electronics. However, balancing toughness and stiffness in hydrogels remains a significant challenge due to the inverse relationship between these properties. In this study, a dual‐network hydrogel is developed composed of lignin/poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) and sodium alginate/Ca2⁺ (SA/Ca2⁺) using a solvent exchange method. This hydrogel incorporates multi‐level energy dissipative structures, resulting in both high stiffness and toughness. Specifically, the DL/S0.1Ca0.5 hydrogel exhibited impressive mechanical performance, including a tensile stress of 3.7 MPa, a tensile strain of 1100%, and a tensile modulus of 8.7 MPa, along with remarkably high toughness of 97,000 J m−2 and work of extension of 25 MJ m−3. Additionally, it demonstrates exceptional rupture and collision resistance, outstanding conductivity of 19.7 S m−1, and high strain sensitivity with a gauge factor up to 7.78. These features highlight its potential for use in extreme sports protection and wearable sensors, representing a significant advancement in the development of multifunctional hydrogels.
Bimodal Visual Sensors Based on Mechanoluminescence and Biosensing for Artificial Intelligence‐Assisted Orthodontics
Authors: Feng Hao , Lv Yuesong , Yang Xin , Wang Jian , Zhang Xinxing , Pei Xibo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFlexible visual sensors hold great potential for application in wearable electronics and health monitoring. However, the separate acquisition of various visual signals without mutual interference and their functional integration in internal biomedical devices remains a significant challenge. Here, a functional material that integrates mechanoluminescent units with biosensing units through supramolecular interactions, enabling bimodal non‐interfering visual detection of orthodontic force and bacterial infection is presented. The orthodontic force induces fluorescence by facilitating the release of electrons from trapped energy levels, caused by the disruption or rearrangement of defect structures within strontium aluminate crystals. Meanwhile, the seamlessly integrated biosensing component can effectively detect lactic acid in a dose‐dependent manner, underscoring its multifunctional capabilities in biosensing applications. Moreover, the development of a cloud‐based deep learning server can achieve a 97.7% accuracy in the precise decoupling of visual signals, facilitating remote monitoring and enabling early intervention during orthodontic treatment. The proposed artificial intelligence‐enhanced bimodal visual sensors represent a new paradigm for orthodontic monitoring, suitable for a wide range of biomedical applications.
Remarkably Boosted High‐Temperature Electrostatic Energy Storage of Polyetherimide Film Induced by TiO2@Au@AlOx@Au Core‐shell Nanofibers
Authors: Ren Zengliang , Lei Li , Zhu Linwei , Xia Shuimiao , Fan Runhua , Dastan Davoud , Cui Hongzhi , Shi Zhicheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolymer dielectrics have broad applications in advanced electronics and power systems. However, they suffer from low energy density and poor breakdown performance at high temperatures, limiting their applications in high‐temperature environments. Herein, TiO2@Au@AlOx@Au nanofibers with double coulomb blockade nanolayers are obtained via a physical sputtering strategy to improve the high‐temperature energy storage performance of polyetherimide composites. Experimental studies and finite elemenet phase‐field simulations demonstrate that the double‐layer coulomb blockade effect and micro‐capacitor effect of Au nanoparticles synergistically enhance the breakdown strength and dielectric permittivity of polyetherimide composite at high temperatures. Notably, the composite exhibits ultra‐high discharged energy densities of 11.33 and 9.70 J cm−3 at 150 and 200 °C, respectively, along with high charge–discharge efficiencies of 93.4% and 84%, which far exceed that of the polymer nanocomposites reported so far. Furthermore, the composite exhibits excellent charge–discharge cycling performance (>50000 cycles at 400 MV m−1) and high‐power density (1.16 MW cm−3) at 200 °C, making it an ideal candidate for high‐temperature capacitors. Hopefully, these nanofibers not only serve as excellent nanofillers for high‐temperature energy storage dielectric composites but also holds tremendous potential and inspirational significance for other applications such as electronics, biomedical fields, optics, and catalysis.
Electric‐Field‐ and Stacking‐Tuned Antiferromagnetic FeClF Bilayer: The Coexistence of Bipolar Magnetic Semiconductor and Anomalous Valley Hall Effect
Authors: Zhang Long , Liu Yuqi , Wu Menghao , Gao Guoying 
Published: November 2024

AbstractValley polarization from broken inversion symmetry provides a new degree of freedom for carriers, bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS) generates a purely spin‐polarized current under a gate voltage, but few systems possess the coexistence of valley polarization and BMS. Based on the recent experimental FeCl2 flakes, reversible electric‐field effect on the valley‐ and spin‐polarized Janus FeClF bilayer with different stackings are investigated herein. Janus FeClF bilayers in all three stacks possess interlayer antiferromagnetic (AFM) and intralayer ferromagnetic (FM) couplings. The most stable A (Cl‐Fe‐F‐Cl‐Fe‐F) stack possesses concurrent and spontaneous BMS nature and valley polarization with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), while B (Cl‐Fe‐F‐F‐Fe‐Cl) and C (F‐Fe‐Cl‐Cl‐Fe‐F) stacks exhibit AFM semiconductor characters without valley polarization. Electric‐field achieves a transition of BMS and AFM semiconductor. Large ferrovalley (≈108 meV) exists and is mainly contributed by Fe‐dxy and orbitals. With the out‐of‐plane to in‐plane to out‐of‐plane transition of the easy axis, anomalous valley Hall effect (AVHE) can be manipulated to presence and disappearance by perpendicular electric‐field, indicating the valley switch effect (VSE). The coexisting BMS feature, PMA, AVHE and VSE make Janus FeClF bilayer a promising candidate for multifunctional valleytronic and spintronic applications, favoring broad explorations for the low‐dimensional Janus family.
The Electron‐Rich Interface Regulated MBene by S‐Bridge Guided to Enhance Nitrogen Fixation under Environmental Conditions
Authors: Cheng Kun , Li Shaobin , Cheng Qingyu , Zhang Li , Jiang Yufeng , Li Fengbo , Ma Huiyuan , Zhang Deqing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe underutilization of active sites limits the performance enhancement of 2D transition metal boride (MBene) in electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Herein, a highly efficient NRR electrocatalyst with S atoms bridging Fe and Mo atoms on the surface of MBene is successfully constructed by using an active site electron optimization strategy, which increases the charge density around the Mo active site and enhances the activation ability of the catalyst to N2 molecules. It is noteworthy that FeS2‐MBene demonstrates a low intrinsic potential for NRR (−0.2 V vs RHE). It is more favorable for the adsorption of nitrogen atoms in comparison to hydrogen atoms, thereby it can effectively inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Under a potential of −0.2 V versus RHE, the ammonia yield rate is 37.13 ± 1.31 µg h−1 mg−1, and the FE is 55.97 ± 2.63%. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that Mo on the surface of MBene serves as a site for the adsorption of N2. The formation of the heterostructure enhances electron transfer, resulting in the Mo active site becoming an electron‐rich state in favor of subsequent hydrogenation steps. This work offers significant insights into the design and utilization of 2D MBene‐based catalysts in NRR.
Genetically Engineered Bacteria as A Living Bioreactor for Monitoring and Elevating Hypoxia‐Activated Prodrug Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Chen Linfu , Chen Qian , Chen Qiufang , Zhou Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTirapazamine (TPZ), an antitumor prodrug, can be activated in hypoxic environment. It specifically targets the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors and produces toxic free radicals. However, due to the tumor is not completely hypoxic, TPZ often fails to effectively treat the entire tumor tissue, resulting in suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Herein, a low pathogenic Escherichia coli TOP10 is utilized to selectively colonize tumor tissues, disrupt blood vessels, and induce thrombus formation, leading to the expansion of hypoxic region and improving the therapeutic effect of TPZ. Additionally, a thermosensitive hydrogel is constructed by Pluronic F‐127 (F127), which undergoes gelation in situ at the tumor site, resulting in sustained release of TPZ. To monitor the therapeutic process, it is genetically modified TOP10 by integrating the bioluminescent system luxCDABE (TOP10‐Lux). The bioluminescent signal is associated with tumor hypoxia enhancement and thrombus formation, which is beneficial for therapeutic monitoring with bioluminescence imaging. In the murine colon cancer model, the TOP10‐Lux combined with TPZ‐loaded F127 hydrogel effectively suppressed tumor growth, and the treatment process is efficiently monitored. Together, this work employs genetically modified TOP10‐Lux to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TPZ and monitor the treatment process, providing an effective strategy for bacteria‐based tumor‐targeted chemotherapy and treatment monitoring.