bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Components of Cowpea Resistance to the Seed Beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
Authors: Messina Frank J , Lish Alexandra M , Gompert Zachariah 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., serves as a major source of dietary protein in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world. To identify loci associated with agronomically desirable traits, eight elite cowpea cultivars were systematically inter-crossed for eight generations to yield 305 recombinant inbred lines. Here, we investigated whether these founder parents also possess resistance to the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), a highly destructive post-harvest pest. We estimated larval survival in seeds, egg-to-adult development time, adult mass at emergence, and seed acceptance for oviposition. Survival varied significantly among cowpea cultivars, but the pattern was complicated by an unexpected source of mortality; on three cultivars, mature larvae in a substantial fraction of seeds (20–36%) exited seeds prematurely, and consequently failed to molt into viable adults. Even if such seeds were eliminated from the analysis, survival in the remaining seeds varied from 49 to 92% across the eight parents. Development time and body mass also differed among hosts, with particularly slow larval development on three closely related cultivars. Egg-laying females readily accepted all cultivars except one with a moderately rugose seed coat. Overall, suitability ranks of the eight cultivars depended on beetle trait; a cultivar that received the most eggs (IT82E-18) also conferred low survival. However, one cultivar (IT93K-503-1) was a relatively poor host for all traits. Given the magnitude of variation among parental cultivars, future assays of genotyped recombinant progeny can identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with resistance to seed beetles.
First 12 Months of Life for Infants in New York City, New York, With Possible Congenital Zika Virus Exposure
Authors: Lee Ellen H , Cooper Hannah , Iwamoto Martha , Lash Maura , Conners Erin E , Bloch Danielle , Clark Sandhya , Hrusa Gili , Kubinson Hannah , Paladini Marc , McGibbon Emily , Rakeman Jennifer L , Fine Anne D , Limberger Ronald J , Liu Dakai , Slavinski Sally ,   The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Zika Working Group, Balan Dominique , Hall Chantal , Harper Scott , Illescas Alex , Layton Marcelle , Lee Christopher , Lee Kristen , McIntosh Natasha , Saffa Alhaji , Stoute Alaina , Thompson Corinne , Weiss Don , Winters Ann 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Our goal was to characterize the epidemiology and clinical significance of congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure by prospectively following a cohort of infants with possible congenital exposure through their first year of life.

Methods
We included infants born in New York City between 2016 and 2017 who had or were born to a woman who had laboratory evidence of ZIKV infection during pregnancy. We conducted provider/patient interviews and reviewed medical records to collect information about the pregnant women and, for infants, clinical and neurodevelopmental status at birth and 2, 6, and 12 months of age.

Results
Of the 404 infants who met inclusion criteria, most (385 [95.3%]) appeared well, whereas 19 (4.7%) had a possible ZIKV-associated birth defect. Seven had congenital ZIKV syndrome, and 12 were microcephalic without other abnormalities. Although infants with congenital ZIKV syndrome manifested clinical and neurodevelopmental sequelae during their first year of life, all 12 infants with isolated microcephaly were normocephalic and appeared well by 2 months of age. Laboratory evidence of ZIKV was detected for 22 of the infants, including 7 (31.8%) with a birth defect. Among 148 infants without a birth defect and negative/no laboratory results on ZIKV testing, and for whom information was available at 1 year, 4 presented with a developmental delay.

Conclusions
Among infants with possible congenital ZIKV exposure, a small proportion had possible ZIKV-associated findings at birth or at follow-up, or laboratory evidence of ZIKV. Identifying and monitoring infants with possible ZIKV exposure requires extensive efforts by providers and public health departments. Longitudinal studies using standardized clinical and developmental assessments are needed for infants after possible congenital ZIKV exposure.
A prospective study of the natural history of incidental meningioma—Hold your horses!
Authors: Behbahani Maziar , Skeie Geir Olve , Eide Geir Egil , Hausken Annbjørg , Lund-Johansen Morten , Skeie Bente Sandvei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe number of incidental meningiomas has increased because of the increased availability of neuroimaging. Lack of prospective data on the natural history makes the optimal management unclear. We conducted a 5-year prospective study of incidental meningiomas to identify risk factors for tumor growth.MethodsSixty-four of 70 consecutive patients with incidental meningioma were included. Clinical and radiological status was obtained at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. GammaPlan and mixed linear regression modeling were utilized for volumetric analysis with primary endpoint tumor growth.ResultsNone of the patients developed tumor-related symptoms during the study period, although 48 (75%) tumors increased (&gt;15%), 13 (20.3%) remained unchanged, and 3 (4.7%) decreased (&gt;15%) in volume. Mean time to growth was 2.2 years (range, 0.5-5.0 years).The growth pattern was quasi-exponential in 26%, linear in 17%, sigmoidal in 35%, parabolic in 17%, and continuous reduction in 5%. There was significant correlation among growth rate, larger baseline tumor volume (P &lt; .001), and age in years (&lt;55 y: 0.10 cm3/y, 55-75 y: 0.24 cm3/y, and &gt;75 y: 0.85 cm3/y).ConclusionThe majority of meningiomas will eventually grow. However, more than 60% display a self-limiting growth pattern. Our study provides level-2 evidence that asymptomatic tumors can be safely managed utilizing serial imaging until persistent radiological and/or symptomatic growth.
Introduction to the Data and Basic Demographics
Authors: Franck Susan D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 seeks to contextualize data and cost-related variables at the heart of the book. Initially, it demarcates among data from complete cases, individual awards, and separate opinions. It does so largely because costs—within a single case—could be assessed in multiple awards. Separate opinions are explored, as subsequent chapters explore their cost implications. Chapter 3 also focuses on core descriptive variables, both to identify paradigmatic characteristics of ITA disputes and to set the stage for mapping ITA costs. It explores party identity, including investors (one of the most under-explored elements of ITA) and state identity (including development status). It then offers descriptive information about other stakeholders, including non-disputing parties and counsel, with a particular focus on law firms that are repeat players. It then offers core information about industries and institutions administering ITA cases. These descriptive elements are used to assess and predict arbitration costs in subsequent chapters.
Fly Until You Die
Authors: Vang Chia Youyee 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Vietnam War is the subject of hundreds of scholarly studies, policy reports, memoirs, and literary titles. As America’s longest and most controversial war, it coincided with domestic turmoil in the United States and in Southeast Asia, led to the displacement of large numbers of people, and strained the social fabric of Cambodian, Lao, and Vietnamese societies. The complex nature of the war means that despite the many books that have been written about it, much remains to unfold, in particular the experiences of ethnic minorities in Laos who became entangled in Cold War politics during the 1960s and 1970s. This book fills the gap by exploring the dramatic forces of history that drew several dozen young Hmong men to become fighter pilots in the United States’ Secret War in Laos, which was in direct support of the larger war in Vietnam. They transformed from ethnic minorities who mostly lived on the margins of Lao society to daring airmen working alongside American pilots. After four decades in exile, surviving pilots, families of those killed in action, and American veterans who worked with them collectively narrated their version of the historical events that resulted in the forced migration of nearly 150,000 Hmong to the United States. By privileging Hmong knowledge, this book begs us to reconsider the war from overlooked perspectives and to engage in the ongoing construction of meanings of war and postwar memories in shaping ethnic and national identities.
The Road to Pilot Training
Authors: Vang Chia Youyee 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Existing literature persistently refers to Hmong people in the 1960s as “illiterate.” Chapter 2 presents surviving pilots’ life experiences before they entered the Project Water Pump training program. The complex path that each took to secure a spot on the training roster was influenced by their family backgrounds, education levels, and work experiences. Some made their own decisions while others were thrust into service as a result of their social relations with military leaders. Their pretraining experiences reveal that it was their ability to read and write that enabled the several dozen individuals to participate in aviation training. Most were single young men looking for opportunities to improve their socioeconomic status. Some were married men who had been soldiers. The harsh conditions on the front line motivated them to seek what they thought were better working conditions.
Modal Prospection
Authors: McCoy John , Paul L. A. , Ullman Tomer 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Drawing together the metaphysics of counterfactuals with empirical work on intuitive judgments, this chapter discusses the nature of counterfactual reasoning about self-involving possibilities. It argues that when a person reasons about her self-involving possibilities, especially far-fetched possibilities, this reasoning may be supported by an underlying “self simulator,” a kind of mental engine with an approximate understanding of who she is, which enables her to learn about her preferences and make intuitive judgments and predictions about her self-involving possibilities. On this view, through observing or simulating their own choices, people understand themselves through a process similar to that by which they understand other people. In this way, they learn about their own beliefs and desires. The argument is informed by empirical data from surveys where lay people and philosophers decided what action they would take in vignettes involving a potentially transformative decision.
Against Phenomenal Parsimony
Authors: de Vignemont Frédérique 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Several authors deny that the senses of agency and of bodily ownership have distinctive phenomenology. This is in line with a general principle of phenomenal parsimony, according to which one should not posit additional phenomenal properties in one’s mental ontology when one can explain them by appealing to other properties. The crucial question is then to determine what reasons there can be to enrich our phenomenal ontology. This debate has recently turned to cognitive science to find answers. Those who defend a liberal or rich view of phenomenology have taken pathological disorders and illusions as evidence in favor of the existence of a distinctive phenomenology, but even in these borderline cases there is room for interpretation, and where the liberals see feelings, the proponents of a more conservative view see cognitive attitudes. The argument then becomes an inference to the best explanation. But whose side offers the best explanation?
Does the Identity of an Object Depend on Its Category?
Authors: Rips Lance J. , Leonard Nick 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Some prominent cognitive theories have adopted an intriguing idea from metaphysics: The conditions of identity and individuation of objects come from the meaning of sortal nouns—count nouns, such as “dog” or “cup.” According to this sortalist theory, Rover’s identity over time and his distinctness from Fido depend on the meaning of “dog.” This chapter first describes the sortalist view in metaphysics (section 11.1) and then traces the ways in which cognitive psychologists have adapted and modified this theory in an attempt to explain empirical data—people’s judgments about the nature of objects (section 11.2). Sections 11.3 and 11.4 then examine some recent work in philosophy and psychology, arguing that these findings raise two related, but distinct, worries for sortalism as a psychological theory (which is here called psychosortalism). Finally, section 11.5 assesses whether any of the original metaphysics can survive within the best cognitive theories of object concepts.
Debunking Arguments in Metaethics and Metaphysics
Authors: Korman Daniel Z. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Evolutionary debunking arguments abound, but it is widely assumed that they do not arise for our perceptual beliefs about midsized objects, insofar as the adaptive value of our object beliefs cannot be explained without reference to the objects themselves. This chapter argues that this is a mistake. Just as with moral beliefs, the adaptive value of our object beliefs can be explained without assuming that the beliefs are accurate. The chapter then explores the prospects for another sort of vindication of our object beliefs—which involves “bootstrapping” from our experiences of midsized objects—and defends bootstrapping maneuvers against a variety of objections. Finally, an explanatory constraint on bootstrapping is articulated and defended, and a variety of attempts to respond to debunking arguments are shown to run afoul of the constraint.
The Machine in the Garden
Authors: Strangleman Tim 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter looks at the decisions made by Guinness related to the building of its English brewery at Park Royal in west London. It places these decisions within the context of Anglo-Irish politics of the 1920s and 1930s. Using a variety of archive sources, oral histories, and autobiographies, it tells the story of how the Park Royal site was identified and developed in secret. The chapter looks at the building and architecture of the brewery and the role of the world-renowned architect Giles Gilbert Scott. It also relates the experience of some of the early workers employed at the site during construction and subsequent production. The chapter finishes at the end of the Second World War in 1945.
Remembering the Work of the Long Boom
Authors: Strangleman Tim 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter looks at the experience of work from the early 1960s to the late 1990s. It draws extensively on oral histories carried out by the author with former shop floor workers, supervisors, and managers. It details the type of labor carried out by production workers and in particular explores the idea of an independent shop floor culture and identity at Guinness Park Royal. It looks at issues such as boredom, humor, and authority as well as the nature of unionization at the plant. The chapter looks at questions of industrial citizenship and how a strong workplace identity allowed workers a great deal of autonomy over what they did and how they did it. This Guinness workplace culture is put in context with a broader discussion of work identity in the United Kingdom during the long boom.
Change at Work
Authors: Strangleman Tim 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In the early 1980s, Guinness found itself facing serious financial problems as a result of the recession, falling profits, and mistaken diversification decisions. This chapter tells how the company confronted these challenges by appointing a new managing director, Ernest Saunders, who transformed Guinness into a multinational beverage conglomerate and changed the culture of the organization forever. In the process, he also committed serious financial misdemeanors. This chapter tells the shop floor workers experienced these changes, in particular how the reorganizations and layoffs affected workplace culture and identity. Drawing on a series of oral histories and autobiographical accounts, the author places what happened at Guinness in the 1980s and 1990s within the wider context of the brewing and spirits sectors in the United Kingdom and globally.
Conclusion: Returning to Park Royal
Authors: Strangleman Tim 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This final chapter is a reflection on the meaning of work in the twenty-first century. The author takes a walk around the site of the former Guinness brewery at Park Royal and observes and analyzes what replaced the brewery buildings. The chapter examines the profound shifts in the way economic activity has been organized and working careers have been transformed. The story of the Guinness brewery acts as an important marker for the way work used to be thought of; this was a humane, expansive, and dignified vision of work. Today, however, this vision has become eclipsed in the new capitalism.
Historic Churches of New Mexico Today
Authors: Graziano Frank 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Historic Churches of New Mexico Today is an interpretive ethnography based on fieldwork among hispanic villagers, Pueblo Indians, and Mescalero Apaches. The fieldwork was reinforced by extensive research in archives and in previous scholarship. The book presents scholarly interpretations in prose that is accessible, often narrative, at times lyrical, and crafted to convey the experience of researching in New Mexican villages. Descriptive guide information and directions to remote historic churches are provided. Themes treated in the book include the interactions of past and present, the decline of traditions, a sense of place and attachment to place, the church as a cultural legacy, the church in relation to native traditions, resistance to Catholicism, tensions between priests and congregations, maintenance and restoration of historic buildings, and, in general, how the church as a place and devotion as a practice are important (or not) to the identities and everyday lives of individuals and communities. Among many others, the historic churches discussed in the study include the Santuario de Chimayó, San José de Gracia in Las Trampas, San Francisco de Asís in Ranchos de Taos, the village churches of Mora County, St. Joseph Apache Mission in Mescalero, and the mission churches at Laguna, Acoma, and Picurís Pueblos.
Mission Churches of Mora County
Authors: Graziano Frank 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The chapter opens with discussion of the restoration of San Rafael in La Cueva as an illustration of how a few committed mayordomos (church caretakers) are struggling to save churches that have little parish and archdiocese support. Several interviewed mayordomos comment on the topic and explain the reasons for their commitment. The following section discusses the relations of church restoration to tradition, to community identity, and to social bonding, among other factors. The chapter also explores parish and archdiocese attitudes toward historic village churches in the context of depopulation and reduced congregations. Obsolescence of the churches is being accelerated by centralization of masses and sacraments, and by displacement of the cost of mission maintenance and insurance to the villages. The chapter concludes with a visiting guide.
Introduction
Authors: Marietta Morgan , Barker David C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
American politics now includes continual conflict over fact perceptions, including sometimes perplexed and sometimes uncivil exchanges on television news, online, and in personal conversations over contradictory understandings of reality. The authors call them dueling facts because they come in recognized pairs engaged in combative contests for respect, often over perceived insults to each other’s standing. The book considers four main questions about dueling fact perceptions: How should we think about this phenomenon? Why are perceptions of facts so polarized? How consequential is factual polarization? And what are the odds of correction? Chapter 1 provides an overview of the four parts of the book, focusing on the concepts, causes, consequences, and possible correctives of dueling fact perceptions in the not-so United States. It introduces the major themes of the book, distinguishes concepts, defines terms, and summarizes each section and chapter.
What Smarter People Have Said About Facts
Authors: Marietta Morgan , Barker David C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Premodern humans had a very different relationship with knowledge from the one we claim today in the post-Enlightenment world. The ancients believed that knowledge was limited and hard-won. Chapter 2 kicks off the Concepts section of the book by discussing some of the philosophical and psychological foundations of the politics of truth. It includes observations from Norse, Greek, and Enlightenment philosophers (especially David Hume and John Locke), classic American thinkers (especially Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Walter Lippmann, and John Dewey), and more contemporary scholars like Abraham Maslow and Hilary Putnam. It concludes with a note on the nature and importance of bullshit and the role of Donald Trump.
A Theory of Intuitive Epistemology
Authors: Marietta Morgan , Barker David C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 8 argues that implicit foundations of knowledge vary systematically across citizens, creating disparate perceptions of reality. In other words, we do not end up with the same answers because we do not begin with the same questions. If values carry epistemology in this fashion, this helps account for how preferred values are projected onto perceived facts. The authors provide a theory of intuitive epistemology and describe the results of an empirical study examining how different value priorities lead to distinct habitual questions, which in turn drive fact perceptions. If applied epistemology varies systematically among citizens (in a predictable fashion grounded in competing value systems), this will create opposing perceptions of reality. An empirical study finds substantial support for this theory of intuitive epistemology across a range of dueling fact perceptions.
Let Facts Be Submitted to a Candid World
Authors: Marietta Morgan , Barker David C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 13 considers fact-checking as another possible corrective. After a brief history of the rise and diversity of the fact-check industry, the chapter critiques the epistemology of fact-checking and its limitations in the selection and assessment of facts. It summarizes a study comparing the findings of PolitiFact, factcheck.org, and The Fact Checker of the Washington Post, which reveals meaningful differences in the realities assessed as well as in the conclusions reached. This suggests that for the engaged citizen attempting to sort out the disputed realities of the current political environment, consulting fact checkers will not necessarily be of great service to them in determining which version of competing realities to endorse.
Introduction
Authors: Lane Belden C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The book’s themes grew out of the author’s experience with a cottonwood tree he calls Grandfather. As the pattern unfolds in the chapters, he shows how twelve teachers in the natural world might be used as spiritual guides through the four stages of one’s life—as child, adolescent, adult, and elder. These teachers are now facing an overwhelming threat—due to climate change, habitat destruction, the use of pesticides and herbicides. They call us to a celebration of all that still lives—and to a language of lament that gives birth to action. The author reminds readers that we’re part of a community engaged in a vast conversation, but we deny our role in it. The earth yearns to teach us languages we didn’t even know existed.