bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Moisture Content in Beetroot using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and by Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Nesakumar Noel , Baskar Chanthini , Kesavan Srinivasan , Rayappan John Bosco Balaguru , Alwarappan Subbiah 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe moisture content of beetroot varies during long-term cold storage. In this work, we propose a strategy to identify the moisture content and age of beetroot using principal component analysis coupled Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Frequent FTIR measurements were recorded directly from the beetroot sample surface over a period of 34 days for analysing its moisture content employing attenuated total reflectance in the spectral ranges of 2614–4000 and 1465–1853 cm−1 with a spectral resolution of 8 cm−1. In order to estimate the transmittance peak height (T
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over the spectral ranges of 2614–4000 and 1465–1853 cm−1, Gaussian curve fitting algorithm was performed on FTIR data. Principal component and nonlinear regression analyses were utilized for FTIR data analysis. Score plot over the ranges of 2614–4000 and 1465–1853 cm−1 allowed beetroot quality discrimination. Beetroot quality predictive models were developed by employing biphasic dose response function. Validation experiment results confirmed that the accuracy of the beetroot quality predictive model reached 97.5%. This research work proves that FTIR spectroscopy in combination with principal component analysis and beetroot quality predictive models could serve as an effective tool for discriminating moisture content in fresh, half and completely spoiled stages of beetroot samples and for providing status alerts.
Neuromodulation of sensory networks in monkey brain by focused ultrasound with MRI guidance and detection
Authors: Yang Pai-Feng , Phipps M. Anthony , Newton Allen T. , Chaplin Vandiver , Gore John C. , Caskey Charles F. , Chen Li Min 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFocused ultrasound (FUS) has gained recognition as a technique for non-invasive neuromodulation with high spatial precision and the ability to both excite and inhibit neural activity. Here we demonstrate that MRI-guided FUS is capable of exciting precise targets within areas 3a/3b in the monkey brain, causing downstream activations in off-target somatosensory and associated brain regions which are simultaneously detected by functional MRI. The similarity between natural tactile stimulation-and FUS- evoked fMRI activation patterns suggests that FUS likely can excite populations of neurons and produce associated spiking activities that may be subsequently transmitted to other functionally related touch regions. The across-region differences in fMRI signal changes relative to area 3a/3b between tactile and FUS conditions also indicate that FUS modulated the tactile network differently. The significantly faster rising (>1 sec) fMRI signals elicited by direct FUS stimulation at the targeted cortical region suggest that a different neural hemodynamic coupling mechanism may be involved in generating fMRI signals. This is the first demonstration of imaging neural excitation effects of FUS with BOLD fMRI on a specific functional circuit in non-human primates.
Direct observation of pitting corrosion evolutions on carbon steel surfaces at the nano-to-micro- scales
Authors: Guo Peng , La Plante Erika Callagon , Wang Bu , Chen Xin , Balonis Magdalena , Bauchy Mathieu , Sant Gaurav 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Cl−-induced corrosion of metals and alloys is of relevance to a wide range of engineered materials, structures, and systems. Because of the challenges in studying pitting corrosion in a quantitative and statistically significant manner, its kinetics remain poorly understood. Herein, by direct, nano- to micro-scale observations using vertical scanning interferometry (VSI), we examine the temporal evolution of pitting corrosion on AISI 1045 carbon steel over large surface areas in Cl−-free, and Cl−-enriched solutions. Special focus is paid to examine the nucleation and growth of pits, and the associated formation of roughened regions on steel surfaces. By statistical analysis of hundreds of individual pits, three stages of pitting corrosion, namely, induction, propagation, and saturation, are quantitatively distinguished. By quantifying the kinetics of these processes, we contextualize our current understanding of electrochemical corrosion within a framework that considers spatial dynamics and morphology evolutions. In the presence of Cl− ions, corrosion is highly accelerated due to multiple autocatalytic factors including destabilization of protective surface oxide films and preservation of aggressive microenvironments within the pits, both of which promote continued pit nucleation and growth. These findings offer new insights into predicting and modeling steel corrosion processes in mid-pH aqueous environments.
Systematic evaluation of a 171Yb optical clock by synchronous comparison between two lattice systems
Authors: Gao Qi , Zhou Min , Han Chengyin , Li Shangyan , Zhang Shuang , Yao Yuan , Li Bo , Qiao Hao , Ai Di , Lou Ge , Zhang Mengya , Jiang Yanyi , Bi Zhiyi , Ma Longsheng , Xu Xinye 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOptical clocks are the most precise measurement devices. Here we experimentally characterize one such clock based on the 1S0-3P0 transition of neutral 171Yb atoms confined in an optical lattice. Given that the systematic evaluation using an interleaved stabilization scheme is unable to avoid noise from the clock laser, synchronous comparisons against a second 171Yb lattice system were implemented to accelerate the evaluation. The fractional instability of one clock falls below 4 × 10−17 after an averaging over a time of 5,000 seconds. The systematic frequency shifts were corrected with a total uncertainty of 1.7 × 10−16. The lattice polarizability shift currently contributes the largest source. This work paves the way to measuring the absolute clock transition frequency relative to the primary Cs standard or against the International System of Units (SI) second.
3D Interconnected Binder-Free Electrospun MnO@C Nanofibers for Supercapacitor Devices
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed , Abdellah Ahmed M. , Mohamed Saad G. , Allam Nageh K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRational design of binder-free materials with high cyclic stability and high conductivity is a great need for high performance supercapacitors. We demonstrate a facile one-step synthesis method of binder-free MnO@C nanofibers as electrodes for supercapacitor applications. The topology of the fabricated nanofibers was investigated using FESEM and HRTEM. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirm the formation of the MnO structure. The electrospun MnO@C electrodes achieve high specific capacitance of 578 F/g at 1 A/g with an outstanding cycling performance. The electrodes also show 127% capacity increasing after 3000 cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor composed of activated carbon as the negative electrode and MnO@C as the positive electrode shows an ultrahigh energy density of 35.5 Wh/kg with a power density of 1000 W/kg. The device shows a superior columbic efficiency, cycle life, and capacity retention.
Spatial and temporal variations of particulate organic carbon in the Yellow-Bohai Sea over 2002–2016
Authors: Fan Hang , Wang Xiujun , Zhang Haibo , Yu Zhitong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Yellow-Bohai Sea (YBS) is a typical marginal sea in the Northwest Pacific Ocean; however, little is known about the dynamics of particulate organic carbon (POC) and underlying mechanisms. Here, we analyze the spatial and temporal variations of surface POC derived from MODIS-Aqua during 2002–2016. Overall, POC is higher in the Bohai Sea (315–588 mg m−3) than in the Yellow Sea (181–492 mg m−3), and higher in the nearshore than in the offshore. Surface POC is highest in spring in the YBS, and lowest in winter (summer) in the Bohai Sea (the Yellow Sea). The spatial and seasonal patterns of POC are due to combined influences of primary productivity, water exchange, sediment resuspension and terrestrial inputs. Surface POC shows an overall decreasing trend prior to 2012 followed by an upward trend until 2015 in the YBS, which is almost opposite to chlorophyll; the decrease (increase) may result from strengthened (weakened) water exchange with the East China Sea through the Yellow Sea Warm Current. Declined terrestrial runoff is also partly responsible for the decrease prior to 2012. Our study suggests that water exchange and sediment resuspension are dominant factors regulating the spatial and temporal variability of POC in the YBS.
Tuning Alginate-Gelatin Bioink Properties by Varying Solvent and Their Impact on Stem Cell Behavior
Authors: Li Zhao , Huang Sha , Liu Yufan , Yao Bin , Hu Tian , Shi Haigang , Xie Jiangfan , Fu Xiaobing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBioink optimization is considered as one of main challenges in cell-laden 3D bioprinting. Alginate-Gelatin (Alg-Gel) hydrogel have been extensively used as bioink. However, its properties could be influenced by various parameters, and little is known about the evidence featuring the impact of solvent. Here we investigated four Alg-Gel bioink by varying solvent ionic strength (named B-1, B-2, B-3 and B-4). Mechanical properties and printability of bioink samples and their impacts on behaviors of encapsulated epidermal stem cells (ESCs) were tested. Bioink with increased ionic strength of solvent showed decreased stiffness and viscosity, and increased swelling and degradation by printability and mechanical property tests. Due to the increased swelling and degradation was associated with shape-maintenance of post-printing constructs, B-3 and B-4 were hardly observable after 14 days. Cellular behaviors were assessed through viability, proliferation, aggregation and differentiation tests. B-2 with optimal properties resulted in higher viability and proliferation of ESCs, and further facilitated cellular aggregation and lineage differentiation. We demonstrated that the solvent can be tuned by ionic strength to control the properties of Alg-Gel bioink and post-printing constructs, which represented a promising avenue for promotion of therapeutic stem cell behaviors in 3D bioprinting.
Effects of Resistance Training and Combined Training Program on Repeated Sprint Ability in Futsal Players
Authors: Torres-Torrelo Julio , Rodríguez-Rosell David , Mora-Custodio Ricardo , Pareja-Blanco Fernando , Yañez-García Juan , González-Badillo Juan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 6 weeks resistance training (RT) with combined RT and loaded change of direction (CD) exercise on muscle strength and repeated sprint ability (RSA) in futsal players. Thirty-four players (age: 23.7±4.1 years; height: 1.77±0.06 m; body mass: 74.1±8.2 kg) were randomly assigned into three groups: full squat group (SG, n=12), combined full squat and CD group (S+CDG, n=12), and control group (CG, n=10). The RT for SG consisted of full squat with low-load (~45–60% 1RM) and low-volume (2-3 sets and 4-6 repetitions), whereas the S+CDG performed the same RT program combined with loaded CD (2-5 sets of 10 s). Estimated one-repetition maximum (1RMest) and variables derived from RSA test including mean sprint time (RSAmean), best sprint time (RSAbest), percent sprint decrement (Sdec), mean ground contact time (GCTmean) and mean step length (SL) were selected as testing variables. Changes in sprint time and GCT in each sprint were also analysed. Both experimental groups showed significant (P<0.05-0.001) improvements for 1RMest, RSAbest and first and second sprint time. In addition, S+CDG achieved significant (P<0.05-0.001) improvements in RSAmean, sprint time (from fifth to ninth sprint) and GCT (from third to eighth sprint). These results indicate that only 6 weeks of low-load and low-volume RT combined with CD in addition to routine futsal training is enough to improve RSA and strength performance simultaneously in futsal players.
Reifegrade des Qualitäts- und Risikomanagementsystems am Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein
Authors: Jussli-Melchers Jill , Hilbert Carsten , Jahnke Iris , Wehkamp Kai , Rogge Annette , Freitag-Wolf Sandra , Kahla-Witzsch Heike , Scholz Jens , Petzina Rainer 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Qualitäts- und Risikomanagement (QRM) in Krankenhäusern sind nicht nur gesetzlich gefordert, sondern führen maßgeblich zu einer optimierten patienten- und ablauforientierten Krankenversorgung. Zur Evaluation der Reifegrade des QRM-Systems am Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) wurde ein strukturiertes Analysetool entwickelt, das einfach und effizient anzuwenden ist.
Methode Vier Qualitätskriterien – Qualitätssicherung (QS), Critical Incident Reporting System (CIRS), Beschwerdemanagement (BM) und Prozessmanagement (PM) – wurden mittels eines strukturierten Erhebungsbogens zur Eigen- und Fremdbewertung an den beiden Standorten des UKSH in Kiel und Lübeck analysiert. Jedes Qualitätskriterium wiederum wurde in vier Kategorien von A (voll implementiert) bis D (nicht implementiert) eingeteilt. Zunächst fand eine Fremdbewertung durch das zentrale QRM und im Anschluss die Eigenbewertung der insgesamt 46 analysierten Kliniken zu den jeweiligen vier Qualitätskriterien statt. Unstimmigkeiten zwischen Eigen- und Fremdbewertungen wurden in einem kollegialen Dialog gelöst. Letztendlich resultierte aus den erhobenen Daten eine Gesamtreifegradbeurteilung pro Klinik.
Ergebnisse Der Gesamtreifegrad A wurde von 3 der 46 Kliniken (6,5%) erzielt. Keine Klinik erhielt die Gesamtreifegradbeurteilung D. 50% aller Kliniken erreichten Reifegrad B und 43,5% Reifegrad C. Die Verteilung der unterschiedlichen vier Qualitätskriterien zeigte insgesamt eine gute Implementierung des Beschwerdemanagements (Reifegrade A und B mit 78,3%) auf, während bei CIRS ein hoher Anteil der Reifegrade C und D (73,9%) vorlag. QS und PM wiesen eine sehr ähnliche Verteilung auf mit den Reifegradbeurteilungen B und C (87% QS; 91% PM).
Diskussion Durch das strukturierte Analysetool sind sowohl die Gesamtreifegrade des QRM-Systems an 46 Kliniken des UKSH als auch detailliert die Reifegrade 4 wesentlicher Qualitätskriterien (QS, CIRS, BM, PM) erhoben worden. In der Konsequenz wurde ein umfangreiches Maßnahmenpaket zur Verbesserung des QRM-Systems eingeleitet. Zukünftig werden die Reifegrade im 2 Jahresrhythmus re-evaluiert. Dieses qualitative Reifegradmodell ermöglicht auf einfache und effiziente Weise, präzise Aussagen bezüglich des Vorhandenseins, der Ausprägung und der Weiterentwicklung des Qualitäts- und Risikomanagements zu generieren.
Der Gesundheitsbeirat der Landeshauptstadt München: eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Sokoll Corinna K. , Winter Susanne 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Nach über 27-jährigen Bestehen des Gesundheitsbeirats der Landeshauptstadt München (GBM) hat dessen Vorstand beschlossen, eine Bestandsaufnahme dieser Institution durchzuführen.
Ziel der Studie Die Befragung der Mitwirkenden im GBM hatte zum Ziel, Einschätzungen und Bewertungen der Akteure zu Struktur der Gremien, Themensetzung und deren Bearbeitung sowie zu Ergebnissen der Gremienarbeit, Veranstaltungen, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Zielerreichung zu erfassen. Die Bestandsaufnahme soll als Basis für Entscheidungen bezüglich der künftigen Ausrichtung bzw. Weiterentwicklung des GBM dienen.
Methodik Die im Querschnittsdesign angelegte Vollerhebung erfolgte im Zeitraum vom 24. Januar bis 28. März 2017 mittels eines selbstentworfenen, teilstandardisierten Fragebogens. Die auf freiwilliger Basis abgegebenen Antworten wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Befragung umfasste 284 aktive Akteure mit einer Netto-Rücklaufquote von 46,5% (132 Teilnehmer). Die Zusammensetzung der Gremien wurde mehrheitlich als angemessen empfunden. 85,6% der Akteure bewerteten die Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit innerhalb ihres Gremiums als positiv. Ein Verbesserungspotenzial in der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Stadtrat wurde identifiziert. Die inhaltliche Ausrichtung des GBM empfanden 87,8% als positiv, als verbesserungswürdig wurde die Thematik der Nachhaltigkeit der Ergebnisse berichtet. Der fachliche Informationsaustausch wurde von über drei Fünftel der Teilnehmer als wesentlichstes Ziel der Arbeit ihres Gremiums angesehen. Die inhaltliche Gestaltung der Veranstaltungsformate sahen 74,2% als positiv an. 57,6% waren der Auffassung, dass eine transparente Bereitstellung der Ergebnisse erfolgt, jedoch wurden ungenutzte Potenziale in der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit gesehen. Die intendierte Zielerreichung des GBM wurde von annähernd zwei Drittel der Antwortenden als erfolgreich angesehen.
Schlussfolgerung Der GBM stellt eine erfolgreiche Institution im Münchner Gesundheitswesen dar. Handlungsbedarf wurde bei der Vernetzung mit dem Stadtrat, der Nachhaltigkeit der Ergebnisse und der Umsetzung einer intensiveren Öffentlichkeitsarbeit gesehen.
Water-Related Mechanisms Proposed for Storing and Transmitting Homeopathic Information: Putative Links with Biological Responses
Authors: Bonamin Leoni , Capelozzi Vera , Guedes José 
Published: May 2018

Introduction There are two critical pillars of homeopathy that contrast with the dominant scientific approach: the similitude principle and the potentization of serial dilutions. Three main hypotheses about the mechanisms of action are in discussion: nanobubbles-related hormesis; vehicle-related electric resonance; and quantum non-locality.
Objectives The aim of this paper is to review and discuss some key points of such properties: the imprint of supramolecular structures based on the nanoparticle-allostatic, cross-adaptation-sensitization (NPCAS) model; the theory of non-molecular electromagnetic transfer of information, based on the coherent water domains model, and relying (like the NPCAS model) on the idea of local interactions; and the hypothesis of quantum entanglement, based on the concept of non-locality.
Results and Discussion The nanoparticles hypothesis has been considered since 2010, after the demonstration of suspended metal nanoparticles even in very highly diluted remedies: their actual action on biological structures is still under scrutiny. The second hypothesis considers the idea of electric resonance mechanisms between living systems (including intracellular water) and homeopathic medicines: recent findings about potency-related physical properties corroborate it. Finally, quantum theory of ‘non-local’ phenomena inspires the idea of an ‘entanglement’ process among patient, practitioner and the remedy: that quantic phenomena could occur in supra-atomic structures remains speculative however.
Conclusion Further studies are needed to ascertain whether and which of these hypotheses may be related to potential cellular effects of homeopathic preparations, such as organization of metabolic pathways or selective gene expression.
Focus Section on Health IT Usability: Perceived Burden of EHRs on Physicians at Different Stages of Their Career
Authors: Khairat Saif , Burke Gary , Archambault Heather , Schwartz Todd , Larson James , Ratwani Raj 
Published: May 2018

Objective The purpose of this study was to further explore the effect of EHRs on emergency department (ED) attending and resident physicians' perceived workload, satisfaction, and productivity through the completion of six EHR patient scenarios combined with workload, productivity, and satisfaction surveys.
Methods To examine EHR usability, we used a live observational design combined with post observation surveys conducted over 3 days, observing emergency physicians' interactions with the EHR during a 1-hour period. Physicians were asked to complete six patient scenarios in the EHR, and then participants filled two surveys to assess the perceived workload and satisfaction with the EHR interface.
Results Fourteen physicians participated, equally distributed by gender (50% females) and experience (43% residents, 57% attendings). Frustration levels associated to the EHR were significantly higher for attending physicians compared with residents. Among the factors causing high EHR frustrations are: (1) remembering menu and button names and commands use; (2) performing tasks that are not straightforward; (3) system speed; and (4) system reliability. In comparisons between attending and resident physicians, time to complete half of the cases as well as the overall reaction to the EHR were statistically different.
Conclusion ED physicians already have the highest levels of burnout and fourth lowest level of satisfaction among physicians and, hence, particular attention is needed to study the impact of EHR on ED physicians. This study investigated key EHR usability barriers in the ED particularly, the assess frustration levels among physicians based on experience, and identifying factors impacting those levels of frustrations. In our findings, we highlight the most favorable and most frustrating EHR functionalities between both groups of physicians.
Evaluating the Efficiency and Safety of Speech Recognition within a Commercial Electronic Health Record System: A Replication Study
Authors: Hodgson Tobias , Magrabi Farah , Coiera Enrico 
Published: May 2018

Objective To conduct a replication study to validate previously identified significant risks and inefficiencies associated with the use of speech recognition (SR) for documentation within an electronic health record (EHR) system.
Methods Thirty-five emergency department clinicians undertook randomly allocated clinical documentation tasks using keyboard and mouse (KBM) or SR using a commercial EHR system. The experiment design, setting, and tasks (E2) replicated an earlier study (E1), while technical integration issues that may have led to poorer SR performance were addressed.
Results Complex tasks were significantly slower to complete using SR (16.94%) than KBM (KBM: 191.9 s, SR: 224.4 s; p = 0.009; CI, 11.9–48.3), replicating task completion times observed in the earlier experiment. Errors (non-typographical) were significantly higher with SR compared with KBM for both simple (KBM: 3, SR: 84; p < 0.001; CI, 1.5–2.5) and complex tasks (KBM: 23, SR: 53; p = 0.001; CI, 0.5–1.0), again replicating earlier results (E1: 170, E2: 163; p = 0.660; CI, 0.0–0.0). Typographical errors were reduced significantly in the new study (E1: 465, E2: 150; p < 0.001; CI, 2.0–3.0).
Discussion The results of this study replicate those reported earlier. The use of SR for clinical documentation within an EHR system appears to be consistently associated with decreased time efficiencies and increased errors. Modifications implemented to optimize SR integration in the EHR seem to have resulted in minor improvements that did not fundamentally change overall results.
Conclusion This replication study adds further evidence for the poor performance of SR-assisted clinical documentation within an EHR. Replication studies remain rare in informatics literature, especially where study results are unexpected or have significant implication; such studies are clearly needed to avoid overdependence on the results of a single study.