bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New improvements in increasing trends of caesarean section: to compare the effectiveness of two techniques Misgav Ladach with Joel Cohen incision versus Munro Kerr with pfannenstiel incision for caesarean section
Authors: Sharma Kanchan , Mani Ankita 
Published: June 2019

Background: Caesarean section (C-section) is the most common surgery among women worldwide, and the global rate of this surgical procedure has been continuously rising. Hence, it is significantly crucial to develop and apply highly effective and safe caesarean section techniques. In this study, we aimed at assessing the safety and effectiveness of the Joel-Cohen-based Misgav Ladach technique and comparing the results with the transverse Pfannenstiel incision (Munro Kerr) for C-section.Methods: It was a prospective randomised controlled trial conducted on 100 women undergoing caesarean section at Patna Medical College and hospital in 2017. Patients were randomly allocated in 2 groups and intra operative and postoperative findings (blood loss, duration of surgery, post op fever, wound complication, APGAR scores etc. were calculated.Results: The duration of surgery was significantly low in Misgav Ladach technique (19.9 minutes vs. 29.54 minutes p value <0.001) Misgav technique was found economically better method as only 1 suture was used in 43 patients (p value<0.001). Post operative recovery (ambulation and bowel transit time) was found much early in Misgav Ladach vs. Munro Kerr (p value <0.001).Post operative use of analgesics was significantly less in Misgav technique (p value <0.0001). However no significant difference was observed in incidence of postoperative fever, blood loss and mean APGAR scoring of neonates.Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that Misgav ladach method of caesarean section is associated with better short time post operative outcomes, especially resulting in reduction of pain and postoperative hospital stay.
Functional results of clavicle fractures in adults treated by open reduction and internal fixation using superior precontoured plate
Authors: Wani M. Ahsan , Ganaie Mushtaq Ahmed , Ul islam Nuzhat , Rasool Akther , Dar Nisar Ahmed 
Published: June 2019

Background: Observe results of open reduction and internal fixation of fractures of the clavicle in adults using pre-contoured superior clavicle locking plate.Methods: This study was prospective study carried out in the Govt Medical college Hospital Baramullah Kashmir Department of Orthopaedics from June 2014 to September 2016. A total of 25 patients with fresh fractures were treated with ORIF with a pre-contoured superior clavicle locking plate.Results: The mean age of patient was 30.08 years, males (64%), right clavicle frequently fractured (52%) Robinson type 2B1 configuraion. (44%) sustained their injury due to a road traffic accident. The average 6 month Quick DASH score was 0.82, whereas the mean constant score was 94.8 at final follow-up. The complications were superficial wound infection in (4%), mechanical pull-out of the plate in (8%), numbness below the incision area in (12%), symptomatic hardware in (4%), and non-union in (4%).Conclusions: There has been a resurgence of interest in operative treatment for fractures that are displaced, comminuted, or that display significant shortening. Operative treatment is beneficial to only a subset of patients, in whom functional expectations and fracture characteristics have both been taken into account before taking the final decision.
The benefits of protective defunctioning ileostomy in ileal perforation surgery
Authors: Tripathi Abhilekh , Sethi Anjali , Sethi Deepak 
Published: June 2019

Background: Perforation of bowel, particularly ileal perforation, is a significant emergency surgical problem in developing and underdeveloped nations and usually associated with high morbidity and mortality. The study is focussed on evaluating the impact of protective ileostomy in ileal perforation and to compare its outcome in term of post operative complication, hospital stay, psychological impact and mortality with primary surgery without ileostomy and observe its effect on prognosis of patient as a whole. Aim of the study we compared two modalities of treatment, primary surgery without ileostomy v/s primary surgery with protective defunctioning ileostomy with respect to post operative complications, duration of hospital stay, morbidity, mortality and psychological impact. Methods: We studied 50 patients of ileal perforation (diagnosed per-operatively) admitted to tertiary level hospital and operated upon for laparotomy. Patients were divided in 2 groups: Group A = Protective defunctioning ileostomy along with primary surgery, and Group B = Primary surgery alone. Primary surgery includes primary closure of perforation or resection and end to end anastomosis.Results: The commonest cause of non-traumatic ileal perforation was typhoid (52%) followed by non specific, tuberculosis and diverticulitis. Different types of operative procedures were performed. In Group A, total no. of dreaded complications like faecal fistula was 1 while in Group B, 10 patients developed faecal fistula. Other complications like wound infection and wound dehiscence were 28% in Group A while 96% in Group B. Overall mortality rate was 24% with 12% mortality in group A and 36% in group B. Mean hospital stay in Group A patient was 12.640±5.75 days (1-23 days) and those of group B was 23.760±16.04 days (5 - 59 days). Conclusions: Construction of protective defunctioning ileostomy in case of distal ileal perforation repair or anastomosis greatly reduces the dreaded complication and mortality in comparison to perforation repair or anastomosis without protective ileostomy. Although it is associated with ileostomy related complications, but they are only temporary and obviously no more than the price of life saved.
Nie być człowiekiem partyjnym (przeł. Dorota Leszczyna)
Authors: Ortega y Gasset José , Leszczyna Dorota 
Published: June 2019

Oryginał: José Ortega y Gasset, „No ser hombre de partido”, w: idem, Obras completas, t. IV (Madrid: Fundación José Ortega y Gasset/Taurus, 2005), 306–313. Zgodę na przekład i jego publikację wyrazili spadkobiercy Ortegi, reprezentowani przez Andreasa Ortegę Kleina.
Esej „No ser hombre de partido” autorstwa José Ortegi y Gasseta ukazał się po raz pierwszy w argentyńskim czasopiśmie La Nación. Został podzielony na dwie części. Pierwszą opublikowano 15 maja 1930 r., drugą zaś 3 czerwca 1930 r. Przedmiotem refleksji jest tutaj problem „partyjności”, który rozpatruje się z dwóch perspektyw — metafizycznej i społecznej. Pierwsza czyni z „partyjności” przejaw kompensacji, tj. zafałszowania własnego bytu i braku akceptacji dla własnego powołania. Druga z kolei wskazuje, że partyjność stanowi zjawisko historyczne, którego początki sięgają XIX stulecia. To wówczas pojawia się po raz pierwszy wykładnia społeczeństwa jako permanentnej i wiecznej walki, co wymaga ukonstytuowania walczących ze sobą grup, tj. partii. Ortega natomiast pragnie przezwyciężyć obie wersje partyjności. Dlatego staje po stronie autentyczności naszego jednostkowego życia i nieuwarunkowanych partyjnie idei, uczuć i wartości.
Istota wychowania integralnego w osobowym rozwoju człowieka
Authors: Łobacz Małgorzata 
Published: June 2019

Wychowanie integralne człowieka – czyli wielowymiarowe i pełne rozumienie procesu wychowania wskazuje na uwzględnienie wszystkich podstawowych sfer człowieczeństwa: cielesnej, płciowej, seksualnej, intelektualnej, emocjonalnej, moralnej, duchowej, religijnej, społecznej. Tak rozumiany proces wychowania człowieka jest optymalny i prowadzi do rozwoju osobowego człowieka. Aby mógł on przebiegać prawidłowo, konieczna jest afirmacja wartości godności osobowej, która stanowi punkt wyjścia w relacji wychowawca–wychowanek. Bardzo ważne jest także, by sam wychowawca był wzorem – prawdziwym mistrzem, który swoim przykładem pokieruje wychowanka w stronę pełnego rozwoju osobowego.
Integralne wychowanie – wskazujące drogę do realizacji człowieczeństwa człowieka – powinno rozpoczynać się już od najmłodszych lat. Jeżeli człowiek we wczesnych latach swojego życia zrozumie wartość osoby ludzkiej oraz istotę integralnego jej rozwoju, wówczas pozna sens życia ludzkiego i zadanie wynikające z faktu „bycia” człowiekiem.
Teologiczno-pedagogiczny wymiar kary śmierci
Authors: Pierzchała Kazimierz 
Published: June 2019

Kara stanowi bodziec i pomoc do poprawy oraz wynagrodzenia za winy – Jan Paweł II.
W kręgu kultury zachodniej zagadnienie stosowania (retencjoniści) lub odrzucenia (abolicjoniści) kary śmierci jest obecnie dyskutowane nie tylko przez prawników, etyków, filozofów prawa, teologów, ale również przez polityków, dziennikarzy i najzwyklejszych obywateli. Problem ten jest naprawdę złożony i trudny. Kara śmierci jest najsurowszą i najstarszą karą legalnie lub nielegalnie stosowaną prawie we wszystkich kulturach świata tak w starożytności jak również współcześnie. Kara śmierci jest ze swej istoty nieodwracalna, wyrządzona skazanemu krzywda jest niemożliwa do naprawienia.
Stosunek do kary śmierci na długie stulecia wytyczyła nauka św. Tomasza z Akwinu. Pan Bóg, karząc zabójcę brata, chroni go przed ludźmi, którzy chcieliby go zabić. „Nawet zabójca nie traci swej osobowej godności i Bóg sam czyni się jej gwarantem”. Podejście teologiczne do kary śmierci jest oparte na przekonaniu o świętości życia każdego człowieka, z czego wynika zasada jego nienaruszalności. „Życie człowieka pochodzi od Boga, jest Jego darem, Jego obrazem i odbiciem, udziałem w Jego ożywczym tchnieniu. Dlatego Bóg jest jedynym Panem tego życia, człowiek nie może nim rozporządzać [...]”.
Podejście do kary śmierci Kościoła Katolickiego posiada cechy personalistyczne, umożliwiające nawet zbrodniarzowi możliwość resocjalizacji. Uważa zatem, że kiedy osoba będzie traktowana jako twórca samej siebie, będzie chciała się zmienić.
Türkiye-Çin İlişkilerinde Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi'nin Önemi
Authors: AKDAĞ Zekeriyya 
Published: June 2019

ÖZET

1978’de
başlayan “Reform ve Dışa açılma” politikasının kırkıncı yılını geride bırakan Çin,
dünya ekonomisinin motor gücü haline gelmiştir. Çin Devlet Başkan Xi Jinping’in
2013 yılında başlattığı “Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi”nin, dünya nüfusunun en az üçte
ikisini ve 70 civarında ülkeyi etkilemesi beklenmektedir. Girişim karadan ve
denizden Asya’yı Avrupa’ya ve Afrika’ya bağlayan bir ticaret ve altyapı ağı
kurmayı hedeflemektedir. Çin’in modern ipek yolu olarak sunduğu “Kuşak ve Yol
Girişimi”, geçtiği güzergahta yer alan ülke ekonomilerini hızla gelişmekte olan
Çin ekonomisine entegre etmeyi hedeflemektedir.

Çin’in
modern ipek yolu projesi, Türkiye-Çin ilişkilerinde yapısal değişime yol
açabilecek potansiyeller barındırmaktadır. Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi iki ülke
arasındaki ilişkilerin daha yüksek bir seviyeye ulaşmasına olanak sağlayacaktır.
Bu çalışmada Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’nin Çin-Türkiye ilişkilerinin gelişimindeki
önemi analiz edilecektir. Bu bağlamda girişimin yaratacağı fırsatlar ve
tehditler değerlendirilecektir.
Performance Evaluation of Two Iterative Reconstruction Algorithms--MBIR and ASIR, in Low Radiation Dose and Low Contrast Dose Abdominal CT in Children
Authors: Sun Jihang , Yang Lixin , Zhou Zuofu , Zhang Dan , Han Wei , Zhang Qifeng , Peng Yun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
The adverse effect of low-dose CT on image quality may be mitigated using iterative reconstructions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the full model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) and adaptive statistical reconstruction (ASIR) algorithms in low radiation dose and low contrast dose abdominal contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) in children.

Methods
A total of 59 children (32 males and 27 females) undergoing low radiation dose (100kVp) and low contrast dose (270 mgI/ml) abdominal CECT were enrolled. The median age was 4.0 years (ranging from 0.3 to 13 years). The raw data were reconstructed with MBIR, ASIR and filtered back projection (FBP) algorithms into 6 groups (MBIR, 100%ASIR, 80%ASIR, 60%ASIR, 40%ASIR and FBP). The CT numbers, standard deviations, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of liver, pancreas, kidney and abdominal aorta were measured. Two radiologists independently evaluated the subjective image quality including the overall image noise and structure display ability on a 4-point scale with 3 being clinically acceptable. The measurements among the reconstruction groups were compared using one-way ANOVA.

Results
The overall image noise score and display ability were 4.00±0.00 and 4.00±0.00 with MBIR, and 3.27±0.33 and 3.25±0.43 with ASIR100%, respectively, which met the diagnostic requirement; other reconstructions couldn’t meet the diagnostic requirements. Compared with FBP images, the noise of MBIR images was reduced by 62.86%-65.73% for the respective organs (F=48.15-80.47, P<0.05), and CNR increased by 151.38%-170.69% (F=22.94-38.02, P<0.05).

Conclusions
MBIR or ASIR100% improves the image quality of low radiation dose and contrast dose abdominal CT in children to meet the diagnostic requirements, and MBIR has the best performance.
Utilization of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Criteria in predicting mortality among geriatric patients with influenza in the emergency department
Authors: Tai Henry Chih-Hung , Yeh Chien-Chun , Chen Yen-An , Hsu Chien-Chin , Chen Jiann-Hwa , Chen Wei-Lung , Huang Chien-Cheng , Chung Jui-Yuan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria are often used to evaluate the risk of sepsis and to identify in-hospital mortality among patients with suspected infection. However, utilization of the SIRS criteria in mortality prediction among geriatric patients with influenza in the emergency department (ED) remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a research to delineate this issue.

Methods

This is a retrospective case–control study including geriatric patients (age ≥ 65 years) with influenza, who presented to the ED of a medical center between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015. Vital signs, past history, subtype of influenza, demographic data, and outcomes were collected from all patients and analyzed. We calculated the accuracy for predicting 30-days mortality using the SIRS criteria. We also performed covariate adjustment of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) via regression modeling.

Results

We recruited a total of 409 geriatric patients in the ED, with mean age 79.5 years and an equal sex ratio. The mean SIRS criteria score was 1.9±1.1. The result of a Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was 0.34 for SIRS criteria. SIRS criteria score ≥ 3 showed better mortality prediction, with odds ratio (OR) 3.37 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–10.73); SIRS score ≥ 2 showed no statistical significance, with p = 0.85 (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.28–4.69). SIRS score ≥ 3 had acceptable 30-days mortality discrimination, with AUROC 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68–0.87) after adjustment. SIRS score ≥ 3 also had a notable negative predictive value of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94–0.99).

Conclusion

The presence of a higher number of SIRS criteria (≥ 3) showed greater accuracy for predicting mortality among geriatric patients with influenza.
ÇOĞUNLUKÇU DEMOKRASİYE YÖNELİŞ OLARAK POPÜLİZM
Authors: ÇAMURCUOĞLU Gülden 
Published: June 2019

Popülizm, geçmişten günümüze
farklı ülkelerde farklı siyasal rejimlerde zaman zaman ortaya çıkabilmiştir. Bu
nedenle bu farklı örneklerin genel özellikleri üzerinden popülizm tanımlanmaya
çalışılır. Buna göre popülizmin en belirgin özelliği halkçı söylemlere dayanan
bir ideolojik yaklaşım olmasıdır. Popülizmde sıklıkla halk iradesine vurgu yapılır. Popülizmde halk
iradesinin gerçek temsili savunulur, bu amaçla doğrudan demokrasi çağrıları
yapılır. Hemen her siyasal rejim tipinde ortaya çıkabilen popülizm gerçekte bir
popülist seçkinler hakimiyetini ortaya çıkarır. Çoğu yazar tarafından popülizm
bir ideoloji, politik görünüş ya da siyasi hareket tarzı olarak olumsuz
yorumlanabilmektedir. Kimi yazarlara göre ise popülizm, temsili demokraside ya
da halkın temsilinde eleştirilebilecek noktalar olduğunu hatırlatmaktadır. Bu
noktadan hareketle popülizmin olumlu yanlarına da odaklanılmalıdır. Sıradan
insanın daha güçlü temsilini savunan popülizmin siyasal katılımı artırdığı
söylenebilir. Bu yönüyle demokrasiye katkı sunmaktadır. Çalışmada özellikle
üzerinde durulan nokta popülizmin demokrasiye ve temel hak ve özgürlüklere
tehdit oluşturup oluşturmadığıdır. Popülizm benzer inanç ve düşünceleri taşıyan
insanları bir araya getirerek tekliği ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Buradan hareketle
farklılıkların temsiline olanak veren çoğulcu demokratik anlayışı tehdit edip
etmediği tartışılması gerekli bir konu haline gelmektedir. Bu çerçevede
popülizmin çoğunlukçu demokrasiyle aynı anlama geldiği söylenememekle birlikte
temsili ve çoğulcu demokrasiyi, çoğunlukçu demokrasiye doğru yönlendirdiğine
değinilebilir. Popülist bir hareketin ortaya çıkabilmesi belirli koşullar
gerektirmese de demokrasi var olduğu sürece popülizmin de var olacağı iddia
edilebilir. Zira popülizm halkın temsiliyle ilgilidir. Bu nedenle denilebilir
ki popülizm güncelliğini yitirmeyen bir kavramdır. Çalışmada konunun seçiminde
popülizmin sınır ve zaman tanımayan bir kavram olması etkili olmuştur. Popülizm
veya popülist akımlar gelecekte de üzerinde tartışılacak konular olmaya devam
edecektir.
Application of water supply operation system to improve efficiency of hydraulic power generation
Authors: Tanaka T. , Kaneko S. , Aoyama N. , Toriyama Y. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
At various locations in Tokyo, the excess pressure of water entering the water supply distribution reservoirs is adjusted by pressure reducing valves, wasting unused energy. The installation of hydraulic power generation equipment is now promoted in place of the pressure reducing valves. This is a renewable energy source as the method produces no greenhouse gases and reduces fossil fuel use. The results of research into the operation of the hydraulic power generation equipment enable the water supply operating system to optimize the inflow rate for power generation without affecting the stability of the water supply. This has increased the amount of power generated and enabled earlier recovery of total costs.
Monitoring the quality of sewer renewal using polymeric systems in Sweden
Authors: Kharazmi Parastou 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Water and wastewater pipes require some of the highest levels of infrastructure investment; they also deteriorate faster than they can be repaired. The use of alternative rehabilitation technologies, which are quicker and less expensive than pipe replacement, has therefore increased significantly in recent years, worldwide. Field studies on relined wastewater pipes removed from buildings in different parts of Sweden revealed the existence of a variety of common defects, most of which could have been prevented by better installation. Increased quality-focused monitoring could help to ensure that relined pipes reach their expected service life, while comprehensive documentation could assist in providing sufficient information to facilitate progress in the field. This paper includes a brief overview of the technologies used in Sweden, current quality control practices, repeated observed defects related to installation, crucial steps that affect final quality, and recommendations to be considered in the contexts of detailed quality control and quality assurance procedures.
Residual sugar from microalgae biomass harvested from phycoremediation of swine wastewater digestate
Authors: Michelon William , Pirolli Mateus , Mezzari Melissa Paola , Soares Hugo Moreira , da Silva Márcio Luís Busi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The present study assessed the carbohydrate and sugar production from Chlorella spp. biomass harvested from a field scale reactor simulating phycoremediation of swine wastewater. The microalgae biomass was mainly composed by (%): carbohydrates (41 ± 0.4), proteins (50 ± 0.4), and lipids (1.3 ± 0.5). The residual sugar present in the biomass was extracted via acid hydrolysis. Among different concentrations of sulfuric acid tested (i.e., 47, 94, 188, 281 and 563 mM), significantly higher sugar content was obtained with 188 mM (0.496 g-sugar g−1 microalgae-DW). The concentration of sugar present in the microalgae did not differ significantly between the biomasses harvested by either centrifugation or coagulation-flocculation. Two commercially available strains of yeast (i.e., Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. cerevisiae chardonnay) were tested for their capability to ferment sugar from lyophilized microalgae biomass. S. cerevisiae chardonnay showed a significantly faster consumption of sugar during the exponential growth phase. Both strains of yeast were capable of consuming most of the sugar added ≅ 8 g L−1 within 24 h. Overall, the results suggest that carbohydrate-rich microalgae biomass obtained from the phycoremediation of swine wastewaters can play an important role in green design for industries seeking alternative sources of feedstock rich in sugar.
Metabolic Cage for Urine Collection from Small Animals with High Level of Performance and Low Cost
Authors: Tokaruk Nadiya 
Published: June 2019

The results of designing the original metabolic cage for urine collection from small laboratory animals consisting of a case, a cylindrical animal chamber with the floor, a funnel, a urine collection vessel and two graded drinking bottles that can be placed at a different height depending on animal age are presented. The case was made of laminated particle board; a cylindrical animal chamber was made of polyethylene terephthalate; a circular floor of the animal chamber was made of stainless steel wire cloth mesh. As a funnel for urine collection, a ribbed glass funnel SIMAX (Czech Republic) was used. To prevent rat feces from entering the urine collection vessel, there were installed two stainless steel wire mesh filter discs, namely a larger disc located on the internal ribbed surface of the funnel and a smaller disc located close to the hole of the funnel tube. To support the urine collection vessel, a metal vessel stand with a deepening was made. Between the vessel and the funnel, there was placed a fine stainless steel metal cylinder preventing urine evaporation.
In addition to low cost, the proposed design of the metabolic cage provides high levels of performance as confirmed by its high ability to allow urine to flow freely, as well as to collect urine, significantly smaller volume of urine evaporated, improved housing conditions for animals and allows us to collect the amount of urine more fully reflecting animal diuresis.