bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic pitfalls in a cystic ectopic intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma mimicking a nodular goiter
Authors: Chen Jianguo , Ma Zhiqiang , Yu Jianchun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Cystic parathyroid adenomas are rare and seldom arise in ectopically located glands which may be found within the carotid sheath, mediastinum, thymus, or thyroid grand. They cannot be detected consistently by any imaging methods. Unusual symptoms may bring about certain pitfalls and difficulties for the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) caused by cystic parathyroid adenomas. Until now, there are no specific guidelines on the management of cystic ectopic intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma (ETPA).

Patient concerns:
An 82-year-old male musician presented abrupt thyroid enlargement, hoarseness, and trachea compression when he was playing the clarinet. Thyroid and renal function tests were normal. Serum-free calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were in high concentration. Thyroid ultrasonography (US) detected a giant and cystic nodule within right thyroid lobe, which is the very image of cystic nodular goiter. Parathyroid US was negative. The cystic nodule had a decreasing radioactive uptake of Technetium-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI). At patient's request, the invasive fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was not conducted.

Diagnoses:
The patient was initially diagnosed as cystic nodular goiter and inconclusive PHPT.

Interventions:
Enucleation of solitary cystic intrathyroidal nodule was conducted.

Outcomes:
The cystic nodule strongly resembled a nodular goiter grossly, but it was proved cystic ETPA by histopathology. Postoperative follow-ups found that serum-free calcium and PTH decreased sharply into normal range, and hoarseness and trachea displacement were obviously improved.

Lessons:
The diagnosis of cystic ETPA is easily overlooked for its rarity. Diagnostic pitfalls, including atypical symptoms, inconclusive imaging manifestation, and unidentified gross specimen, are highlighted. They make the diagnosis of PHPT caused by cystic ETPA challenging. Patients would rather choose surgical excision directly than invasive FNA. Acute hemorrhage of the preexisting ETPA may account for the cystic degeneration.
Coronary artery spasm induced by carotid sinus stimulation during arthroscopic shoulder surgery
Authors: Chung Jinhun , Gong Hyung Youn , Park Jinsoo , Yoo Sie Hyeon , Kim Nan Seol , Jung Ho Soon , Seo Yong Han , Chun Hea Rim , Cho Ho Bum 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Variant angina is characterized by coronary artery spasm irrespective of the presence of fixed stenotic coronary lesions. Perioperative coronary artery spasm may be induced by the supersensitivity of vascular smooth muscle cells caused by various stimuli, including stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Patient concerns:
A 57-year-old male patient was undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair under combined interscalene brachial plexus block and general anesthesia in the lateral decubitus position. While compressing the right shoulder to remove residual irrigation fluid in the shoulder through the surgical site, ventricular fibrillation occurred without ST elevation.

Interventions:
The patient achieved a return of spontaneous circulation after chest compression, defibrillation, and an epinephrine infusion.

Diagnosis:
Postoperative coronary angiography showed no significant stenosis, but it did show that the right coronary artery contracted rapidly and was completely obstructed after an intravascular injection of ergonovine, and that the contracted area returned to its normal size after nitroglycerin was injected into the coronary artery. Based on these observations, the patient was diagnosed with variant angina.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged on postoperative day 20 without any sequelae and is currently under follow-up in the Cardiology Department.

Lessons:
Surgeons should be vigilant and take relevant precautions, as compressing the shoulder to remove residual irrigation fluid during arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the lateral decubitus position may stimulate the carotid sinus and cause coronary artery spasm.
Pulmonary Embolism in Children
Authors: Navanandan Nidhya , Stein Jill , Mistry Rakesh D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Pulmonary embolism is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening event in children. There has been increasing awareness of pulmonary embolism in children with improved survival in children with systemic disease and advancements in diagnostic modalities. However, literature regarding pulmonary embolism in children is sparse, and thus current guidelines for management of pulmonary embolism in children are extrapolated from adult literature and remain controversial. This article reviews the background and pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism, as well as current diagnostic approach and recommended management of pulmonary embolism in children.
Predictors of Lifetime Suicide Attempts in Individuals With Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome
Authors: ZUSCHLAG ZACHARY D. , KORTE JEFFREY E. , HAMNER MARK 
Published: January 2019

Background:A strong association has been shown to exist between schizophrenia and suicide; however, research examining suicidality in the prodromal phase of psychotic disorders is limited. This study aimed to meet this need by examining potential risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in a population of individuals with attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS), as defined in the fifth edition of theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disordersas a condition for further study.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify individuals with APS during a 5-year period across a large medical university’s inpatient and outpatient settings. Sociodemographic and clinical factors were examined in relation to suicide attempts to identify risk factors for suicide attempts. χ2analyses were used to analyze dichotomous variables, andttest analyses were used to compare means of continuous predictors among those with versus without suicide attempts. Final analyses consisted of fitting multivariate logistic regression models to control for sociodemographic factors.Results:In total, 26.3% of the APS population had at least 1 lifetime suicide attempt. Six covariates were found to be statistically significant predictors of suicide attempts: Axis II disorders (P=0.006); history of trauma as a whole (P=0.022); the subcategory of sexual trauma (P=0.005); tobacco use (P=0.039); family history of nonpsychotic Axis I disorders (P=0.042); and number of hospitalizations (P=0.001).Conclusions:Suicidality is a prominent feature of APS, and a number of risk factors increase the likelihood of suicide attempts in this population.
Inoculum size effects in blaIMP-6 and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene-positive Enterobacteriaceae in Japan
Authors: Ogawa Yoshihiko , Nakano Ryuichi , Kasahara Kei , Mizuno Tomoki , Hirai Nobuyasu , Nakano Akiyo , Suzuki Yuki , Kakuta Naoki , Masui Takashi , Yano Hisakazu , Mikasa Keiichi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the resistance genes in clinical isolates which produced IMP-6 type metallo-β-lactamase lactamase (MBL) and had mildly reduced susceptibilities to levofloxacin and/or amikacin. The inoculum size effect was also assessed. A total of 14 Enterobacteriaceae isolates (2 Escherichia coli and 12 Klebsiella pneumoniae) which produced IMP-6 MBL, and had mild increases in their MICs for levofloxacin and amikacin were examined. Thirteen out of 14 isolates harbored CTX-M-2, with the remaining isolate co-harboring CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-1 as ESBLs. All isolates carried one or more PMQRs; aac(6′)-Ib-cr was the most prevalent (92.8%), followed by oqxA (64.3%), qnrS (42.9%), oqxAB (21.4%), and qnrB (14.3%). The inoculum size effects were significant in all strains for meropenem, 13 for imipenem, 7 for levofloxacin, and 3 for amikacin. Conjugation was successfully performed with 8 isolates and 11 strains were obtained. Eleven of the experimental strains (100%), and 8 strains (72.7%) showed inoculum size effects for meropenem and imipenem, respectively. No inoculum size effect was seen for levofloxacin. Four strains harbored qnr genes and 2 strains harbored qnr genes and QRDR mutations concurrently. blaIMP-6 positive Enterobacteriaceae with mildly reduced susceptibilities to levofloxacin and/or amikacin also harbored at least one plasmid-mediated drug resistance gene. These represent an unrecognized threat, capable of compromising the in vitro activity of many classes of antimicrobial agents. We conclude that IMP-6 MBL plays an important role in decreasing the MIC for carbapenems, whereas qnr does not for levofloxacin.
Implication of HisF fromAcinetobacter baumanniiin persistence during a pneumonia infection
Authors: Martínez-Guitián Marta , Vázquez-Ucha Juan C. , Álvarez-Fraga Laura , Conde-Pérez Kelly , Vallejo Juan A. , Bou Germán , Poza Margarita , Beceiro Alejandro 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThehisFgene fromA. baumanniiATCC 17978 was found over-expressed during a murine pneumonia infection. A mutant strain lackinghisFshowed its involvement in virulence during mice pneumonia as well as in host inflammatory response, where the product of HisF may act as negative regulator in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This work evaluates the role of HisF in theA. baumanniipathogenesis and suggests its potential as a new target for antimicrobial therapies.
Effect of nitrite on neural activity in the healthy brain
Authors: Franko Edit , Ezra Martyn , Crockett Douglas C , Joly Olivier , Pattinson Kyle 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundNitrite is a major intravascular store for nitric oxide. The conversion of nitrite to the active nitric oxide occurs mainly under hypoxic conditions to increase blood flow where it is needed the most. The use of nitrite is, therefore, being evaluated widely to reduce the brain injury in conditions resulting in cerebral hypoxia, such as cardiac arrest, ischaemic stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage. However, as it is still unknown how exogenous nitrite affects the brain activity of healthy individuals, it is difficult to clearly understand how it affects the ischaemic brain.ObjectiveHere we performed a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study to investigate the effects of nitrite on neural activity in the healthy brain.MethodsTwenty-one healthy volunteers were recruited into the study. All participants received a continuous infusion of sodium nitrite (0.6mg/kg/h) on one occasion and placebo (sodium chloride) on another occasion. Electroencephalogram was recorded before the start and during the infusion. We computed the power spectrum density within the conventional frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta), and the ratio of the power within the alpha and delta bands. We also measured peripheral cardiorespiratory physiology and cerebral blood flow.ResultsWe found no significant effect of nitrite on the power spectrum density in any frequency band. Similarly, the alpha-delta power ratio did not differ between the two conditions. However, nitrite infusion decreased the mean blood pressure and increased the methaemoglobin concentration in the blood.ConclusionOur study shows that exogenous sodium nitrite does not alter the electrical activity in the healthy brain. This might be because the sodium nitrite is converted to vasoactive nitric oxide in areas of hypoxia, and in the healthy brain there is no significant amount of conversion due to lack of hypoxia. However, this lack of change in the power spectrum density in healthy people emphasises the specificity of the brain’s response to nitrite in disease.
Sex differences in age- and performance-related patterns of brain activity during episodic encoding and retrieval of spatial contextual details
Authors: Subramaniapillai Sivaniya , Rajagopal Sricharana , Elshiekh Abdelhalim , Pasvanis Stamatoula , Ankudowich Elizabeth , Rajah M. Natasha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAging is associated with episodic memory decline and alterations in memory-related brain function. However, it remains unclear if age-related memory decline is associated with similar patterns of brain aging in women and men. In the current task fMRI study, we tested the hypothesis that there are sex differences in the effect of age and memory performance on brain activity during episodic encoding and retrieval of face-location associations (spatial context memory). Forty-one women and 41 men between the ages of 21 to 76 years participated in this study. Between-group multivariate partial least squares (PLS) analysis of the fMRI data was conducted to directly test for sex-group differences and similarities in age-related and performance-related patterns of brain activity. Our behavioural analysis indicated no significant sex differences in retrieval accuracy on the fMRI tasks. In relation to performance effects, we observed similarities and differences in how retrieval accuracy related to brain activity in women and men. Both sexes activated dorsal and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), inferior parietal cortex (IPC) and left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) at encoding and this supported subsequent memory performance. However, there were sex differences in retrieval activity in these same regions and in lateral occipital-temporal and ventrolateral PFC. In relation to age effects, we observed sex differences in the effect of age on memory-related activity within PFC, IPC, PHG and lateral occipital-temporal cortices. Overall, our findings suggest that the neural correlates of age-related spatial context memory decline differ in women compared to men.
Age- and reserve-related increases in fronto-parietal and anterior hippocampal activity during episodic encoding predict subsequent memory
Authors: Elshiekh Abdelhalim , Subramaniapillai Sivaniya , Rajagopal Sricharana , Pasvanis Stamatoula , Ankudowich Elizabeth , Rajah M. Natasha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRemembering associations between encoded items and their contextual setting is a feature of episodic memory. Although this ability deteriorates with age in general, there is substantial variability in how older individuals perform on episodic memory tasks. This variability may stem from genetic and/or environmental factors related to reserve, allowing some individuals to compensate for age-related decline through differential recruitment of brain regions. In this fMRI study, we tested predictions related to reserve and compensation in a large adult lifespan sample (N=154). We used multivariate Behaviour Partial Least Squares (B-PLS) analysis to examine how age, retrieval accuracy, and a proxy measure of reserve, impacted brain activity patterns during spatial and temporal context encoding and retrieval. Reserve modulated age-related compensatory brain responses in ventral visual, temporal, and fronto-parietal regions during memory encoding as a function of task demands. Activity in inferior parietal, medial temporal, and ventral visual regions were strongly impacted by age at encoding and retrieval, but were also related to individual differences in reserve. Our findings are consistent with the concepts of reserve and compensation and suggest that reserve may mitigate age-related decline by modulating compensatory brain responses in the aging brain.
Retrovirus insertion site analysis of LGL leukemia patient genomes
Authors: Li Weiling , Yang Lei , Harris Robert S. , Lin Lin , Olson Thomas L. , Hamele Cait E. , Feith David J. , Loughran Thomas P. , Poss Mary 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundLarge granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is an uncommon cancer characterized by a sustained clonal proliferation of LGL cells. Antibodies reactive to retroviruses have been documented in the serum of patients with LGL leukemia. Culture or molecular approaches have to date not been successful in identifying a retrovirus.MethodsBecause a retrovirus must integrate into the genome of an infected cell, we focused our efforts on detecting a novel retrovirus integration site in the clonally expanded LGL cells. We present a new computational tool that uses long-insert mate pair sequence data to search the genome of LGL leukemia cells for retrovirus integration sites. We also utilize recently published methods to interrogate the status of polymorphic human endogenous retrovirus type K (HERV-K) provirus in patient genomes.ResultsWhile our analysis did not reveal any new retrovirus insertions in LGL genomes from LGL leukemia patients, we did identify four HERV-K provirus integration sites that are polymorphic in the human population and absent from the human reference genome, hg19. To determine if the prevalence of these or other polymorphic proviral HERV-Ks differed between LGL leukemia patients and the general population, we applied a recently developed approach that reports all sites in the human genome occupied by a proviral HERV-K. Using the 1000 genomes project (KGP) data as a reference database for HERV-K proviral prevalence at each polymorphic site, we show that there are significant differences in the number of polymorphic HERV-Ks in the genomes of LGL leukemia patients of European origin compared to individuals with European ancestry in the KGP data.ConclusionsOur study confirms that the integration of a new infectious or endogenous retrovirus does not cause the clonal expansion of LGL cells in LGL leukemia, although we do not rule out that these cells could be responding to retroviral antigens produced in other cell types. However, it is of interest that the burden of polymorphic proviral HERV-K is elevated in LGL leukemia patient genomes. Our research emphasizes the merits of comprehensive genomic assessment of HERV-K in cancer samples and suggests that further analyses to determine contributions of HERV-K to LGL leukemia are warranted.
Temperament profile and its association with the vulnerability to smartphone addiction of medical students in Indonesia
Authors: Hanafi Enjeline , Siste Kristiana , Wiguna Tjhin , Kusumadewi Irmia , Nasrun Martina Wiwie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTemperament profiles of an individual with high novelty seeking and low harm avoidance have been reported to be related to substance addiction, but smartphone addiction could be different from substance addiction. Medical students have high exposure to smartphone use. Screening their risk of smartphone addiction based on the temperament profile may help in deciding best prevention approach. This research aimed to examine the temperament profile and its association with vulnerability to smartphone addiction of medical students in Jakarta, Indonesia. The research was conducted with cross sectional design and simple random sampling. The Temperament and Character Inventory and the Smartphone Addiction Scale were used to measure desired outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the relationship between demographic factors, pattern of smartphone use, temperament type, and vulnerability to smartphone addiction. Of the 185 samples, most subjects have low novelty seeking, high reward dependence, and high harm avoidance. The average smartphone usage in a day was 7.94 hours (SD 3.92) with the initial age of smartphone usage was 7.58 years (SD 2.43). The respondents used smartphone for communication and accessing social media. High harm avoidance temperament was significantly associated with risk of smartphone addiction with OR 2.035; 95% CI 1.119 to 3.701). This study shows that smartphone addiction has similarities with other behavior addictions. Harm avoidance temperament is associated with the risk of smartphone addiction. Screening on risk of smartphone addiction based on temperament type should be done on medical students.
On researching activity tracking to support learning: a retrospective
Authors: Lee Victor R. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss research and design of learning activities involving activity tracking and wearable activity tracking technology.

Design/methodology/approach
Three studies are summarized as part of a program of research that sought to design new learning activities for classroom settings. The first used data from a qualitative interview study of adult athletes who self-track. The second used video excerpts from a designed learning activity with a group of fifth grade elementary students. The third study draws largely on quantitative assessment data from an activity tracking unit enactment in a rural sixth grade class.

Findings
Activity tracking appears to provide opportunities for establishing benchmarks and calibration opportunities related to intensity of physical activities. Those features of activity tracking can be leveraged to develop learning activities where elementary students discover features of data and how data are affected by different distributions. Students can show significant improvement related to statistical reasoning in classroom instructional units that centralize the use of self-tracked data.

Originality/value
As activity tracking is becoming a more ubiquitous practice with increased pervasiveness and familiarity with mobile and wearable technologies, this paper demonstrates a topical intersection between the information and learning sciences, illustrates how self-tracking can be recruited for instructional settings, and it discusses concerns that have emerged in the past several years as the technology related to activity tracking begins to be used for educational purposes.
Refining a clinical practice framework to engage clients with brain injury in goal setting
Authors: Prescott Sarah , Fleming Jennifer , Doig Emmah 
Published: January 2019

Background/aimClient‐centred goal setting is fundamental to occupational therapy practice and has been increasingly embraced by all rehabilitation practioners. Goal setting in clinical practice is a highly individualised process and may be more challenging with people with acquired brain injury. However, research examining practice is limited. We developed the Client‐Centred Goal Setting Practice Framework to explain how client‐centred goals are developed in brain injury rehabilitation. This framework was based on interview data and may reflect practitioner's theoretical knowledge rather than goal setting processes used in routine practice. The aims of this study were to explore the application of the framework to every‐day practice, examine the extent to which goal setting was client‐centred and refine the framework.MethodsA mixed methods approach was employed. Participants were community dwelling clients with ABI and their practitioners, drawn from a hospital outpatient service and community private practices. The communication exchange between practitioners and clients during routine goal setting was audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis. Quantitative measures evaluated the client‐centredness of goals.ResultsA total of 65 goal setting sessions with 36 clients and 17 practitioners (n = 8 occupational therapists) were analysed. The three goal setting phases of the framework and associated processes and strategies were represented. The ‘establishing trust’ process was interwoven throughout all phases and an additional strategy, ‘social connection’ was identified.ConclusionThe framework provides preliminary evidence about the core processes and strategies which uses establishing trust to engage clients with ABI in goal setting, and may be a useful tool to guide client‐centred goal setting practice in similar services.