bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intradialytic exercise training modalities on physical functioning and health-related quality of life in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gomes Neto Mansueto , de Lacerda Filipe Ferrari Ribeiro , Lopes Antonio Alberto , Martinez Bruno Prata , Saquetto Micheli Bernardone 
Published: February 2018

Objective: To determine the effects of different intradialytic exercise training modalities on physical functioning and health-related quality of life of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Trials Register and CINAHL for controlled trials that evaluated the effects of intradialytic exercise training for maintenance hemodialysis patients and published from the earliest available date to December 2017. Weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Results: Fifty-six studies met the study criteria, comprising a total of 2586 patients. Compared with no exercise, combined aerobic and resistance exercise resulted in significant improvement in peak VO2 weighted mean difference (5.1 mL kg−1 min−1; 95% CI: 3.4, 6.8 mL kg−1 min−1), depression symptoms (−7.32; 95% CI −9.31, −5.33) and both physical function (10.67 points; 95% CI 1.08, 20.25 points) and vitality (10.01 points; 95% CI 4.30, 15.72 points) domains of health-related quality of life. Resistance exercise alone was significantly associated with improvement in the 6-minute walk test distance (30.2 m; 95% CI 24.6, 35.9 m), knee extensor strength (0.6 N; 95% CI 0.1, 1.0 N) and Physical Component Score of health-related quality of life (9.53 points; 95% CI −3.09, 22.15 points) when compared with control group. Aerobic exercise alone was not significantly associated with aerobic capacity and quality of life improvement. Conclusion: The results provide support to interventions that combine intradialytic aerobic and resistance exercises to improve physical functioning and quality of life in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Global Dietary Surveillance: Data Gaps and Challenges
Authors: Micha Renata , Coates Jennifer , Leclercq Catherine , Charrondiere U. Ruth , Mozaffarian Dariush 
Published: February 2018

Background: Detailed information on global individual-level consumption patterns is imperative for informed policy making. However, such data are dispersed and incomplete. Objective: To review and discuss the methodologies, observed data availability, challenges, and opportunities pertaining to global dietary surveillance. Methods: This investigation provides an extensive review of global dietary assessment methodologies and challenges, including at the survey level, the dietary collection and assessment level, and the dietary data processing and analysis level. The focus is on nationally representative individual-level data, and additional types of dietary data, such as dietary biomarkers, household assessment, and food availability, are reviewed as alternatives. Practical guidance is provided to inform key decisions when designing dietary surveys and collecting, analyzing, and using dietary data. This article further identifies and describes existing global and regional dietary initiatives/data sets. Results: Harmonized and standardized primary individual-level dietary data collection, processing, and analysis worldwide are currently not available. Evaluation and decision-making should be based on best available data, that is, secondary nonharmonized yet to the extent possible, standardized individual-level dietary data. Existing initiatives differ substantially in methodologies, including survey design/representativeness, coverage, diet assessment, and dietary metric standardization and processing. Data gaps have been identified that were more profound for certain countries, certain dietary indicators across countries, population subgroups, representativeness, or time periods. Conclusions: Optimizing worldwide dietary habits to improve population health requires systematically identified and evaluated data on a continuing basis. Leveraging existing available dietary data and efforts is an indispensable prerequisite for informed priority setting targeting the intersections between diet and disease.
Improving patient care after a suicide attempt
Authors: Shand Fiona , Vogl Laura , Robinson Jo 
Published: February 2018

Objectives: Improving the care that patients receive after a suicide attempt will reduce the risk of a subsequent suicide attempt. We described how care for these patients can be improved and identified the available guidelines. Methods: We reviewed the literature on crisis and aftercare, psychosocial assessment, risk assessment, brief contact interventions, and brief interventions. Results: People who have made a suicide attempt are at increased risk of suicide, and the period immediately after discharge from hospital is particularly risky. Patients require an empathic response at their first point of contact, comprehensive psychosocial assessment, effective discharge planning, rapid and assertive follow-up, and coordinated care in the subsequent months. Conclusions: Empathic and effective care that begins in the emergency department and extends through to community care is imperative. Enough is known about the risks of inadequate care and the key ingredients of effective care to proceed with changes to Australia’s healthcare response to a suicide attempt.
Hepatic lipidosis: Clinical review drawn from collective effort
Authors: Webb Craig B 
Published: February 2018

Practical relevance: Hepatic lipidosis (HL) is the most common form of liver dysfunction in cats. If recognized early and treated appropriately, the prognosis is good; if not, the prognosis is grave. Clinical challenges: Distinguishing HL as idiopathic or secondary is critical since the presence of a concurrent disease affects the therapeutic plan and the prognosis. Audience: Despite the unique and severe nature of a cat’s response to anorexia and the complexity of the metabolic changes underlying this condition, the clinical acumen and technical ability to effectively diagnose and treat HL are readily available to all small animal practitioners. Patient group: Although many species develop a ‘fatty liver’, the cat is one of relatively few species that suffer from HL. The classic presentation is that of an overweight cat that stops eating for days to weeks, losing weight in the process. Equipment: Abdominal ultrasound is frequently employed in the diagnostic work-up of an anorectic cat; ultrasonographic findings often support a presumptive diagnosis, provide samples for cytology and, perhaps most importantly, help identify concurrent conditions that must be addressed for therapeutic success. All of the equipment necessary for essential nutritional intervention in an anorectic cat is readily available and easily affordable. Evidence base: The material for this review draws heavily on a relatively large number of original studies, excellent reviews by recognized experts, and informative communication with experienced clinicians, hence the term ‘collective effort’.
The V-to-Y Advancement Flap for Distal Nasal Reconstruction: Our Experience With 39 Patients
Authors: Thorpe Ryan B. , Nijhawan Rajiv I. , Srivastava Divya 
Published: February 2018

Background and Objective: The V-to-Y advancement flap, also known as the island pedicle flap, is a single-stage repair option that can be used for defects on the distal nose. We report our experience using this flap for nasal defects following Mohs micrographic surgery, as well as describe optimal patient selection and flap design. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all patient charts and operative photographs of nasal V-to-Y advancement flaps performed over 6 years at the Universtiy of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Charts were reviewed for age, sex, tumour type and location, defect size, anticoagulation, immunosuppression, postoperative complications, revisions, and outcomes. Results: Thirty-nine patients with defects ranging from 0.7 to 1.7 cm in size (median of 1 cm) were included. Most defects involved the inferior, paramedian nose, and after accounting for 7 postrepair interventions on 6 (15%) patients, 38 (97%) patients were noted to have good to excellent cosmetic outcomes while 1 patient experienced a persistent trapdoor effect. Conclusion: The V-to-Y advancement flap is an excellent single-stage option that can reliably provide good to excellent cosmetic results when used to repair small- to medium-size sized defects on the distal half of the nose.
Right ventricular function mirrors clinical improvement with use of prostacyclin analogues in pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Hopper Rachel K. , Wang Yan , DeMatteo Valerie , Santo Ashley , Kawut Steven M. , Elci Okan U. , Hanna Brian D. , Mercer‐Rosa Laura 
Published: February 2018

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) causes significant morbidity and mortality in children due to right ventricular (RV) failure. We sought to determine the effect of prostacyclin analogues on RV function assessed by echocardiography in children with PH. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children with PH treated with a prostacyclin analogue (epoprostenol or treprostinil) between January 2001 and August 2015 at our center. Data were collected before initiation of treatment (baseline) and at 1–3 and 6–12 months after. Protocolized echocardiogram measurements including tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and RV global longitudinal strain were made with blinding to clinical information. Forty‐nine individuals (65% female), aged 0–29 years at the time of prostacyclin initiation were included. Disease types included pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic [35%], heritable [2%], and congenital heart disease‐associated [18%]), developmental lung disease (43%), and chronic thromboembolic PH (2%). Participants received intravenous (IV) epoprostenol (14%) and IV/subcutaneous (SQ) (67%) or inhaled (18%) treprostinil. Over the study period, prostacyclin analogues were associated with improvement in TAPSE (P = 0.007), RV strain (P < 0.001), and qualitative RV function (P = 0.037) by echocardiogram, and BNP (P < 0.001), functional class (P = 0.047) and 6‐min walk distance (P = 0.001). TAPSE and strain improved at early follow up (P = 0.05 and P = 0.002, respectively) despite minimal RV pressure change. In children with PH, prostacyclin analogues are associated with an early and sustained improvement in RV function measured as TAPSE and strain as well as clinical markers of PH severity. RV strain may be a sensitive marker of RV function in this population.
A direct comparison of decision rules for early discharge of suspected acute coronary syndromes in the era of high sensitivity troponin
Authors: Chew Pei Gee , Frost Fredrick , Mullen Liam , Fisher Michael , Zadeh Heidar , Grainger Ruth , Albouaini Khaled , Dodd James , Patel Bilal , Velavan Periaswamy , Kunadian Babu , Rawat Anju , Obafemi Toba , Tong Sarah , Jones Julia , Khand Aleem 
Published: February 2018

Background: We tested the hypothesis that a single high sensitivity troponin at limits of detection (LOD HSTnT) (<5 ng/l) combined with a presentation non-ischaemic electrocardiogram is superior to low-risk Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) (<75), Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) (≤1) and History, ECG, Age, Risk factors and Troponin (HEART) score (≤3) as an aid to early, safe discharge for suspected acute coronary syndrome. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, risk scores were computed in consecutive patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome presenting to the Emergency Room of a large English hospital. Adjudication of myocardial infarction, as per third universal definition, involved a two-physician, blinded, independent review of all biomarker positive chest pain re-presentations to any national hospital. The primary and secondary outcome was a composite of type 1 myocardial infarction, unplanned coronary revascularisation and all cause death (MACE) at six weeks and one year. Results: Of 3054 consecutive presentations with chest pain 1642 had suspected acute coronary syndrome (52% male, median age 59 years, 14% diabetic, 20% previous myocardial infarction). Median time from chest pain to presentation was 9.7 h. Re-presentations occurred in eight hospitals with 100% follow-up achieved. Two hundred and eleven (12.9%) and 279 (17%) were adjudicated to suffer MACE at six weeks and one year respectively. Only HEART ≤3 (negative predictive value MACE 99.4%, sensitivity 97.6%, %discharge 53.4) and LOD HSTnT strategy (negative predictive value MACE 99.8%, sensitivity 99.5%, %discharge 36.9) achieved pre-specified negative predictive value of >99% for MACE at six weeks. For type 1 myocardial infarction alone the negative predictive values at six weeks and one year were identical, for both HEART ≤3 and LOD HSTnT at 99.8% and 99.5% respectively. Conclusion: HEART ≤3 or LOD HSTnT strategy rules out short and medium term myocardial infarction with ≥99.5% certainty, and short-term MACE with >99% certainty, allowing for early discharge of 53.4% and 36.9% respectively of suspected acute coronary syndrome. Adoption of either strategy has the potential to greatly reduce Emergency Room pressures and minimise follow-up investigations. Very early presenters (<3 h), due to limited numbers, are excluded from these conclusions.
Human foreskin fibroblasts: from waste bag to important biomedical applications
Authors: Oliveira Thomaz , Costa Ilana , Marinho Victor , Carvalho Valécia , Uchôa Karla , Ayres Carla , Teixeira Silmar , Vasconcelos Daniel F P 
Published: February 2018

Circumcision is one of the most performed surgical procedures worldwide, and it is estimated that one in three men worldwide is circumcised, which makes the preputial skin removed after surgery an abundant material for possible applications. In particular, it is possible efficiently to isolate the cells of the foreskin, with fibroblasts being the most abundant cells of the dermis and the most used in biomedical research. This work aimed to review the knowledge and obtain a broad view of the main applications of human foreskin fibroblast cell culture. A literature search was conducted, including clinical trials, preclinical basic research studies, reviews and experimental studies. Several medical and laboratory applications of human foreskin fibroblast cell culture have been described, especially when it comes to the use of human foreskin fibroblasts as feeder cells for the cultivation of human embryonic stem cells, in addition to co-culture with other cell types. The culture of foreskin fibroblasts has also been used to: obtain induced pluripotent stem cells; the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile; to test the toxicity and effect of substances on normal cells, especially the toxicity of possible antineoplastic drugs; in viral culture, mainly of the human cytomegalovirus, study of the pathogenesis of other microorganisms; varied studies of cellular physiology and cellular interactions. Fibroblasts are important for cell models for varied application cultures, demonstrating how the preputial material can be reused, making possible new applications. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
Maximum Occlusal Force and Incident Functional Disability in Older Adults: The Tsurugaya Project
Authors: Ohi T. , Komiyama T. , Miyoshi Y. , Murakami T. , Tsuboi A. , Tomata Y. , Tsuji I. , Watanabe M. , Hattori Y. 
Published: February 2018

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between maximum occlusal force, which is an objective predictor of masticatory performance, and incident functional disability in an elderly Japanese population. A prospective cohort study was conducted targeting 815 (51.7% female) community-dwelling older adults aged ≥70 y residing in the Tsurugaya district, Sendai, Japan. The outcome measurement was incident functional disability, defined as a first certification of long-term care insurance in Japan, which is determined on the basis of a strictly established, uniform, nationwide standard. During a median follow-up of 7.9 y (interquartile range, 4.8–7.9 y), information on long-term care insurance was obtained from the Sendai Municipal Authority. Bilateral maximum occlusal forces of the participants were measured using a horseshoe-shaped pressure-indicating film, and the participants were categorized into quartiles based on occlusal force. Adjusted hazard ratios for functional disability were estimated with Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, medical history, smoking status, alcohol consumption, duration of education, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, physical functioning, marital status, history of falls, and number of remaining teeth. The multiple-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident functional disability compared to the greatest occlusal force quartile were 1.53 (95% CI, 1.02–2.33), 1.64 (95% CI, 1.06–2.55), and 1.64 (95% CI, 1.01–2.68) for the third, second, and first quartiles, respectively ( P for trend = 0.011). A lower maximum occlusal force was significantly associated with an increased risk of functional disability independently of possible confounders, including the number of remaining teeth. Occlusal force may be a useful indicator of the relationship between oral function and geriatric health. Knowledge Transfer Statement:This prospective cohort study demonstrated that lower maximum occlusal force was associated with an increased risk of functional disability in older adults, even after adjustment for possible confounding factors, including the number of remaining teeth. This strengthens the rationale regarding the association between oral function and geriatric health. Particularly in older adults, occlusal force is reduced by several factors other than tooth loss, such as the absence of a dental prostheses, sarcopenia in the masticatory muscle, poor periodontal condition, and orofacial pain. Our findings suggest that maximum occlusal force may be a useful biomarker associated with diverse parameters aside from the number of remaining teeth.
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Using a Bone-preserving Glenoid Component: Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes
Authors: Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin , Nguyen Ngoc Tram V , Morrey Mark E 
Published: February 2018

Introduction Primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty has been reported to provide good outcomes. The majority of designs utilize a large portion of the glenoid. Some studies have reported worrisome rates of notching and stress fractures of the acromion or scapular spine. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome and complications of a bone-preserving reverse prosthesis with limited ingrowth glenoid surface paired with an onlay humeral component. Materials and methods Between 2014 and 2015, 96 reverse arthroplasties were implanted using a bone-preserving reverse with a 135° onlay humeral bearing. Six patients died. The remaining 87 patients (90 shoulders) were followed for 2 years or until revision. Mean age was 69.3 years. The underlying diagnosis was cuff tear arthropathy (13), irreparable cuff tear (39), osteoarthritis (32), and other (6). Shoulders were followed for 2 years or until revision surgery. Results Reverse shoulder arthroplasty resulted in significant improvements in pain, motion, and function. At most recent follow-up, 74 shoulders had no or mild pain. Elevation was 131° ± 31° and external rotation 46° ± 21°. The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score was 76. There were 4 reoperations for deep infection (2), periprosthetic fracture, and glenoid loosening. None of the remaining arthroplasties were loose. There was one stress fracture of the acromion and one of the spine of the scapula. No radiographic notching or dislocation was observed. Discussion Primary reverse arthroplasty using a bone-preserving glenoid component and an anatomic onlay humeral bearing provides satisfactory clinical outcomes with a very low rate of failure and complications.
Inhibition of the IRE-1α/XBP-1 pathway prevents chronic GVHD and preserves the GVL effect in mice
Authors: Schutt Steven D. , Wu Yongxia , Tang Chih-Hang Anthony , Bastian David , Nguyen Hung , Sofi M. Hanief , Zhang MengMeng , Liu Chen , Helke Kris , Wilson Carole , Schnapp Lynn M. , Del Valle Juan R. , Hu Chih-Chi Andrew , Yu Xue-Zhong 
Published: February 2018

Key Points
Targeting XBP-1 on B cells is sufficient to prevent cGVHD. Pharmacologic inhibition of IRE-1α/XBP-1 prevents cGVHD while preserving GVL activity.
Addressing Western dietary pattern in obesity and NAFLD
Authors: Trovato Francesca M. , Martines Giuseppe Fabio , Catalano Daniela 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background
Western diet and sedentary life are imputed for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Relationship of obesity and bright liver, i.e., the ultrasound hallmarks of fatty liver, evaluated as Bright Liver Score (BLS), with Western diet pattern score (WDS) and with the level of physical exercise, assessed by the Baecke questionnaire, were investigated.

Methods
One hundred fifty (72 females, 78 males) NAFLD non-diabetic patients, 47.89 ± 13.85 years old, were referred to a diagnostic-therapeutic unit with the lone evidence of fatty liver as detected by an ultrasound. WDS, Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Score (AMDS), physical exercise, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and BMI were assessed also after 6 months of comprehensive lifestyle intervention.

Results
BLS, BMI, HOMA, and WDS were significantly greater, while AMDS and physical exercise were lower at the greater severity of ultrasound (US)-detected NAFLD. Positive linear correlation of WDS, BMI, and HOMA vs. BLS was present at patients’ referral. After intervention, decrease of liver dimension and of Bright Liver Score concurrent with a reduction of BMI, HOMA-IR, WDS, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides was observed. A reciprocal increase of AMDS, physical exercise, and HDL cholesterol was also reported.

Conclusions
The assessment of some features of the Western diet is possible; its effect, along with overweight, is associated with a greater severity of fatty liver as evaluated by ultrasound in NAFLD.

Trial registration
NCT02670590. Registered on February 2, 2016.