bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of immunomodulatory treatment for non-infectious uveitis: an International Ocular Inflammation Society report of real-world practice
Authors: Branford Jasmin A , Bodaghi Bahram , Ferreira Lisia Barros , McCluskey Peter J , Thorne Jennifer E , Matthews Janet M ,   International Study Group for Systemic Immunomodulatory Drug Treatment of Non‐Infectious Uveitis, Smith Justine R 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundNon-infectious uveitis is a diverse group of inflammatory conditions that collectively account for substantial blindness worldwide. Expert guidelines and results of clinical trials guide treatment, but real-world clinical care is impacted by additional factors. In 2023, an international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists formed theInternational Study Group for Systemic Immunomodulatory Drug Treatment of Non-Infectious Uveitisto report current practice.Methods221 study group members from 53 countries completed a 30-item questionnaire on their management of non-infectious uveitis including: indications for and investigations prior to initiating systemic immunomodulatory drugs, use of conventional and biological drugs, and follow-up of treated patients.ResultsMajor indications to initiate systemic immunomodulatory drugs were: uveitis not controlled with oral prednis(ol)one (n=208, 94.1%), specific uveitis diagnosis (n=197, 89.1%), and patient intolerance of oral prednis(ol)one (n=186, 84.2%). All members (n=221, 100%) performed pretreatment screens including: blood chemistry (n=217, 98.2%), blood examination (n=207, 93.7%), and Quantiferon assay (n=196, 88.7%). Eight conventional and 14 biological drugs were prescribed: methotrexate was the preferred conventional drug overall (n=126, 57.0%) and for 9 of 11 uveitides, and adalimumab was the preferred biological drug overall (n=216, 97.7%) and for 11 of 11 uveitides. When drugs were combined, methotrexate plus adalimumab was most popular (n=158 of 188 members, 84.0%). Patients with inactive uveitis were typically evaluated and screened for drug toxicity every 6–12 weeks (n=161, 72.9%, and 165, 74.7%, respectively).ConclusionOur report describes practice patterns of a large international group of uveitis specialists treating non-infectious uveitis with systemic immunomodulatory drugs.
Health problems and injury management in adolescent handball: the Safeplay one-season cohort study of 679 players
Authors: Møller Merete , Isaksen Johansen Stian , Myklebust Grethe , Nielsen Rasmus Oestergaard , Möller Sören , Mikkelsen Ulla , Wedderkopp Niels , Lind Martin 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo assess (1) the 1-year prevalence of previous shoulder, knee and ankle injuries; (2) the in-season prevalence proportion (prevalence) of injuries and illnesses, injury incidence rate (ir) and injury burden (product of ir and weeks with injuries); (3) initial injury management strategies.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of 679 highest-division Danish handball players aged 14–18. Players self-reported past-year shoulder, knee and ankle injuries at baseline, and weekly information on any handball-related injuries (irrespective of time loss and medical attention), illnesses, exposure hours and injury management over 31 weeks.ResultsAt baseline, 46% (95% CI 42% to 49%) of the players reported a past-year shoulder, knee or ankle injury. The weekly average injury and illness prevalence was 21% (95% CI 19% to 23%) and 2% (95% CI 1.7% to 2.3%), respectively, and the ir was 9.4 (95% CI 8.7 to 10.2)/1000 hours. Females experienced the highest injury burden from knee injuries (ir: 1.7 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.2) × 6.7 (95% CI 4.7 to 8.7) weeks with injury/1000 hours), while males experienced the highest injury burden from shoulder injuries (ir: 1.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.7) × 5.7 (95% CI 3.6 to 7.8) weeks with injury/1000 hours). Health professionals were consulted in 58% (95% CI 54% to 62%) of injuries, players independently made the return to sport decision in 44% (95% CI 37% to 51%) of injury recurrences, and used analgesics, mainly (91% (95% CI 85% to 95%)) sourced from home, in 24% (95% CI 21% to 28%) of injuries.ConclusionAlmost half of highest-division adolescent Danish handball players reported a previous past-year shoulder, knee or ankle injury. Any time during the season, 21% reported an injury and 2% an illness. The highest injury burdens were from knee injuries in females and shoulder injuries in males. Health professionals often managed injuries, but players frequently made return to sport decisions independently and commonly used analgesics sourced from home.
Presence and concentration of lead in keys and keyring items
Authors: Stroebel Benjamin , Rezania Zaynab , Yang Duzong , Yendell Stephanie J 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesEnvironmental lead is a persistent hazard that disproportionately affects children. Keys are known sources of lead exposure in children, but little is known about the specific lead content or frequency of lead in keys. We identified differences in lead concentration and frequency across items with different physical characteristics.MethodsThis study tested a convenience sample of keys and keychain objects using an X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyzer.ResultsThe mean lead concentration across 362 objects tested was 1722 ppm (SD 3657 ppm; range 95.5–44 400 ppm). Lead was present in the majority (64%) of objects tested. Door keys had the highest concentration of lead (mean 2646 ppm; SD 3701 ppm). Door keys had significantly more lead than both vehicle keys (p<0.0001) and electronic fobs (p=0.0004). Gold-coloured keys contained significantly more lead than silver-coloured keys (p<0.0001). Copied keys were significantly more likely to contain detectable levels of lead compared with original keys (p<0.0001); however, this relationship was not significant when controlling for key type. There was a positive association between key age and lead concentration (p=0.009).ConclusionKeys were less likely to contain lead if they were silver-coloured; car keys or electronic fobs; and newer. However, several categories of keys with less lead contained high lead levels, and the majority of items tested (64%) contained more lead than limits on lead in keys that were implemented in Minnesota after data collection (90 ppm). The levels of lead identified highlight the need for public education and potential additional regulatory guidelines for keys.
Enhancing the light yield of He:CF$$_4$$ based gaseous detector
Authors: Amaro Fernando Domingues , Antonietti Rita , Baracchini Elisabetta , Benussi Luigi , Bianco Stefano , Campagnola Roberto , Capoccia Cesidio , Caponero Michele , Cardoso Danilo Santos , de Carvalho Luan Gomes Mattosinhos , Cavoto Gianluca , Costa Igor Abritta , Croce Antonio , Dané Emiliano , Dho Giorgio , Di Giambattista Flaminia , Di Marco Emanuele , D’Astolfo Melba , D’Imperio Giulia , Fiorina Davide , Iacoangeli Francesco , Islam Zahoor ul , Lima Jùnior Herman Pessoa , Kemp Ernesto , Maccarrone Giovanni , Mano Rui Daniel Passos , Marcelo Gregorio Robert Renz , Marques David José Gaspar , Mazzitelli Giovanni , McLean Alasdair Gregor , Messina Andrea , Meloni Pietro , Monteiro Cristina Maria Bernardes , Nobrega Rafael Antunes , Pains Igor Fonseca , Paoletti Emiliano , Passamonti Luciano , Petrucci Fabrizio , Piacentini Stefano , Piccolo Davide , Pierluigi Daniele , Pinci Davide , Prajapati Atul , Renga Francesco , Roque Rita Joana da Cruz , Rosatelli Filippo , Russo Alessandro , dos Santos Joaquim Marques Ferreira , Saviano Giovanna , Silva Pedro Alberto Oliveira Costa , Spooner Neil John Curwen , Tesauro Roberto , Tomassini Sandro , Torelli Samuele 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe CYGNO experiment aims to build a large ($$\mathcal {O}(10)$$

O
(
10
)

m$$^3$$

3

) directional detector for rare event searches, such as nuclear recoils (NRs) induced by dark matter (DM), such as weakly interactive massive particles (WIMPs). The detector concept comprises a time projection chamber (TPC), filled with a He:CF$$_4$$

4

60/40 scintillating gas mixture at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, equipped with an amplification stage made of a stack of three gas electron multipliers (GEMs) which are coupled to an optical readout. The latter consists in scientific CMOS (sCMOS) cameras and photomultipliers tubes (PMTs). The maximisation of the light yield of the amplification stage plays a major role in the determination of the energy threshold of the experiment. In this paper, we simulate the effect of the addition of a strong electric field below the last GEM plane on the GEM field structure and we experimentally test it by means of a 10 $$\times $$
×
10 cm$$^2$$

2

readout area prototype. The experimental measurements analyse stacks of different GEMs and helium concentrations in the gas mixture combined with this extra electric field, studying their performances in terms of light yield, energy resolution and intrinsic diffusion. It is found that the use of this additional electric field permits large light yield increases without degrading intrinsic characteristics of the amplification stage with respect to the regular use of GEMs.
GRASIAN: shaping and characterization of the cold hydrogen and deuterium beams for the forthcoming first demonstration of gravitational quantum states of atoms
Authors: Killian Carina , Blumer Philipp , Crivelli Paolo , Hanski Otto , Kloppenburg Daniel , Nez François , Nesvizhevsky Valery , Reynaud Serge , Schreiner Katharina , Simon Martin , Vasiliev Sergey , Widmann Eberhard , Yzombard Pauline 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA low energy particle confined by a horizontal reflective surface and gravity settles in gravitationally bound quantum states. These gravitational quantum states (GQS) were so far only observed with neutrons. However, the existence of GQS is predicted also for atoms. The GRASIAN collaboration pursues the first observation of GQS of atoms, using a cryogenic hydrogen beam. This endeavor is motivated by the higher densities, which can be expected from hydrogen compared to neutrons, the easier access, the fact that GQS were never observed with atoms and the accessibility to hypothetical short-range interactions. In addition to enabling gravitational quantum spectroscopy, such a cryogenic hydrogen beam with very low vertical velocity components—a few cm $$\hbox {s}^-1$$

s
-

1

, can be used for precision optical and microwave spectroscopy. In this article, we report on our methods developed to reduce background and to detect atoms with a low horizontal velocity, which are needed for such an experiment. Our recent measurement results on the collimation of the hydrogen beam to 2 mm, the reduction of background and improvement of signal-to-noise and finally our first detection of atoms with velocities $$<{72}\,\hbox {ms}{^-1}$$

<
72

ms

-

1

are presented. Furthermore, we show calculations, estimating the feasibility of the planned experiment and simulations which confirm that we can select vertical velocity components in the order of cm $$\hbox {s}^-1$$

s
-

1

.
Ni/N/MPC Nanocomposites Synthesized via Microwave-Assisted Biomass Conversion for Efficient H2O2 Detection
Authors: Wang Mei , Cai Jin , Bai Jianmei , Bu Quan 
Published: October 2024

In order to improve the sensitivity and stability of the material for the detection of hydrogen peroxide, Ni/N/MPC nanocomposites were synthesized by Ni-based biomass doped with nitrogen. Nickel atoms offer such advantages as good catalytic activity and low cost, while nitrogen doping facilitates the formation of stable hybrid structures and the formation of abundant functional groups on the surface of nanocomposites. The linear equation characterizing the electrode response from the Ni/N/MPC nanocomposites was derived from the relationship between the current signal I and H2O2 concentration, demonstrating a linear range of 0.05–240.15 mmol l−1, along with a detection limit of 0.84 μmol l−1 (S/N = 3). In contrast, the electrochemical signals from Ni/NGCE and Ni/N/GCE sensors were significantly lower than those obtained from the composite materials during cyclic voltammetry testing. In practical sample analysis, the recovery rate and RSD of H2O2 in tap water samples were 97.2%–98.6% and 5.5%–6.4%, respectively. The Ni/N/MPC/GCE sensing platform presents excellent stability and enhanced sensitivity.
Body Mass Index and Prevalence of Obesity in Brazilian Adult Women: Temporal Comparison of Repeated Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Surveys
Authors: Garcez Anderson , Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares , Souza de Bairros Fernanda , Anselmo Olinto Maria Teresa 
Published: October 2024

Background: Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that has been associated with higher morbidity and mortality.Objectives: This study aimed to compare changes in body mass index (BMI) and obesity prevalence between two cross‐sectional samples of Brazilian women. Furthermore, retrospective assessments of lifetime body weight changes were explored.Methods: Two independent population‐based cross‐sectional surveys were conducted in 2003 (first survey) and 2015 (second survey) with women living in the urban area city in southern Brazil. Both surveys had a similar design and included 981 women aged 20–60 years. Mean BMI and the presence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were estimated. Additionally, lifetime body weight change was obtained for the retrospective longitudinal assessment.Results: After 12 years, there was a significant increase from 25.9 ± 5.3 kg/m2 to 28.1 ± 6.2 kg/m2 in mean BMI. Between 2003 and 2015, the prevalence of obesity increased by 73% (18.0%; 95% CI: 15.8–20.6 vs. 31.2%; 95% CI: 28.3–34.1; p < 0.001). The means of estimated cumulative body weight gain from 15 to 50 years were 15.2 kg (95% CI: 13.3–17.1) and 17.2 kg (95% CI: 15.5–18.9) in 2003 and 2015, respectively; the greater cumulative difference between the two periods was observed at 40 years of age (3.3 kg).Conclusions: There was a significant increase in the mean BMI and prevalence of obesity between 2003 and 2015. Moreover, women experienced higher body weight gain during their lives in both survey periods, mainly in early adulthood.
Personality shapes inter- and intraspecific interactions in rodents: a behavioral experiment with Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
Authors: Shi Yunyun , Yue Yuan , Shi Caishan , Wang Jing , Zhang Yifeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Interspecific and intraspecific interactions are integral components of antagonistic and mutualistic networks of all animal species. These interactions are affected by various factors, such as morphological, physiological, and genetic characteristics. However, the impact of personality traits on animal inter- and intraspecific interactions remains unclear. We investigated the role of different personality types (proactive and reactive) in Lasiopodomys brandtii. We examined both intraspecific interactions with Lasiopodomys brandtii and interspecific interactions with Kunming mice. We found that for intraspecific interactions, proactive individuals had higher numbers of contacts with opponents, spent more time in the vicinity of an opponent, and moved greater distances within the vicinity of an opponent. For interspecific interactions, proactive individuals had higher numbers of contacts with opponents than reactive individuals. These results suggest that proactive individuals, especially male voles, tend to occupy dominant positions in both intraspecific and interspecific relationships. Consequently, our study is meaningful in understanding how personality traits affect animal behavior, species niche differentiation, and community dynamics and local biodiversity.
Qatar’s Efforts to Change the Image of Muslims after 9/11
Authors: Latif Muhammad Asad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Islam was branded as a religion of terror and bloodshed after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Nonetheless, there have been counter-movements to challenge this stereotyping from many Muslim nations within the past ten years. The Arab-Muslim nation of Qatar, which organized and hosted the 2022 World Cup, is one of them. The present study examines Qatar’s progress in organizing and hosting the 2022 World Cup. The study also looks into Qatar’s approach in dealing with Muslims and combating Islamophobia. A social psychology method is used in the current study to explore Qatar’s mission. Investigations by print media and interviews have made it easier to comprehend the context and causes of Islamophobia. Qatar demonstrates how an anti-Islamophobia program can be constructed by first presenting a favorable impression of Muslims and Islam and presenting the reality of Islam. Additionally, an empirical study was carried out to examine media discourse in order to examine the ways that Qatar’s positions and actions contributed to anti-Islamophobia globally.
Impact of two human milk oligosaccharides and lactose on the faecal microbiome of infants with probable cow’s milk allergy
Authors: Van den Abbeele P. , Heine R.G. , Van de Vliet M. , Favre L. , Tytgat H.L.P. , Sprenger N. , Deyaert S. , Baudot A. , Nutten S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) in infancy is associated with intestinal microbial dysbiosis, characterised by low Bifidobacteriaceae levels. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of two human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), lactose (L), and their combination on the faecal microbiome and metabolome of infants with CMPA. Stool samples of 12 term infants with probable CMPA (mean age 4.3 months) were analysed using a validated intestinal fermentation assay (SIFR® technology). For each substrate (i.e. HMO (2′-fucosyllactose [2′-FL] and lacto-N-neotetraose [LNnT]), L and HMO + L), taxonomic microbiome characterisation and untargeted metabolite profiling were performed at multiple timepoints. At baseline, the tested faecal microbiota overall displayed low abundances of Bifidobacteriaceae. Fermentation with either HMO or lactose significantly enriched Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and, for HMO + L, also Bifidobacterium bifidum. The increase in HMO-utilising bifidobacteria was associated with a significant rise in levels of short-chain fatty acids, aromatic lactic acids and N-acetylated amino acids, with additive effects being observed for HMO + L. The above data suggest that the combination of 2′-FL, LNnT and lactose helps to alleviate the previously reported CMPA-associated intestinal bacterial dysbiosis and induces the production of several beneficial metabolites. The clinical significance of these findings for infants with CMPA requires further investigation.
Along-Slope Bottom Current and Sediment Resuspension and Transport Induced by Internal Tides on a Continental Slope
Authors: Xie Xiaohui , Wang Jiannan , Yang Chenghao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Moored observations on a critical continental slope in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) are presented to reveal along-slope bottom current and sediment resuspension and transport caused by internal tides. During spring tides, the bottom-intensified diurnal internal tides were observed, and their breaking generated an along-slope bottom current toward the southwest direction, with a clear ∼14-day spring–neap cycle and a maximum low-frequency velocity exceeding 0.25 m s−1. The diurnal internal tides and along-slope bottom currents showed the same seasonal variations. There were larger near-bottom along-slope velocities in winter (∼9.0 cm s−1) and summer (∼8.9 cm s−1) than in spring (6.3 cm s−1) and autumn (7.4 cm s−1). The previous theory based on radiation stress caused by wave breaking is used to reproduce the observed along-slope bottom current velocity. Strong bottom flows caused by internal tides on the critical slope inhibit deposition of fine-grained sediments and may erode bottom coarse-grained sediments, leading to the generation of near-bottom nepheloid layer with a thickness H > 130 m, as demonstrated by the fact that seafloor sediments on the critical slope are dominated by coarse-grained sediments (sands). The suspended sediments can be southwest transported by the persistent along-slope bottom current generated by internal tide breaking. It was estimated that approximately three million tons of sediments during the observation were carried along the slope to the south of the SCS. Our observations suggest that internal tide-induced sediment resuspension/deposition and along-slope transport could be important for seafloor sediment distribution of the SCS.
The Effect of Obesity on Postoperative Analgesia Practices and Complications Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Dhar Sarit , Kothari Dhruv S. , Reeves Camille , Sheyn Anthony M. , Gillespie Marion Boyd , Rangarajan Sanjeet V. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Despite growing concern regarding over-prescription of narcotic pain medication following ambulatory surgery, little is known about the analgesic prescribing practices following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in obese patients in comparison to non-obese patients. Objective: To compare the rates of opioid versus non-opioid prescriptions, the need for steroids, and post-operative adverse events between obese and non-obese adult patients undergoing ESS. Methods: Using TriNetX Live database, we identified all patients aged ≥18 years who underwent ESS (n = 1303) between 2014 and 2022 across several healthcare institutions across the state of Tennessee. We 1:1 propensity score-matched obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2) cohorts for age, gender, race, and comorbidities including asthma, nicotine dependence, and sleep apnea. Rates of prescriptions and post-operative adverse events between cohorts were analyzed using risk ratios (RR) and confidence intervals (CI). Results: A toal of 532 obese patients were compared to 532 propensity score-matched non-obese patients in the first 14 post-operative days following ESS. The obese cohort was significantly more likely to be prescribed analgesics generally (RR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.20-2.47), non-opioid analgesics (RR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.19-2.50), and opioid analgesics (RR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.14-2.36) than non-obese patients. There was no difference in rates of antibiotic or antiemetic prescription, prednisone/methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, ED visits, critical care service, epistaxis, transfusion, anemia, revision sinus surgery, mechanical ventilation, CPAP, or inhalation airway treatments. Conclusion: Obese patients undergoing ESS were significantly more likely to be prescribed non-opioid and opioid analgesia in the first 14 days post-operatively compared to non-obese patients. There were no differences in post-operative adverse events or other prescriptions. Otolaryngologists should be aware that obese patients are at increased risk of opioid induced airway obstruction and steroid induced hyperglycemia, especially in patients with comorbid sleep apnea or diabetes. Emphasis on non-opioid analgesics and multimodal pain management should be advocated for this population.