bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum Phase Properties of Photon Added and Subtracted Displaced Fock States
Authors: Malpani Priya , Thapliyal Kishore , Alam Nasir , Pathak Anirban , Narayanan Venkatakrishnan , Banerjee Subhashish 
Published: September 2019

AbstractQuantum phase properties of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states (and their limiting cases) are investigated from a number of perspectives, and it is shown that the quantum phase properties are dependent on the quantum state engineering operations performed. Specifically, the analytic expressions for quantum phase distributions and angular Q distribution as well as measures of quantum phase fluctuation and phase dispersion are obtained. The uniform phase distribution of the initial Fock states is observed to be transformed by the unitary operation (i.e., displacement operator) into non‐Gaussian shape, except for the initial vacuum state. It is observed that the phase distribution is symmetric with respect to the phase of the displacement parameter and becomes progressively narrower as its amplitude increases. The non‐unitary (photon addition/subtraction) operations make it even narrower in contrast to the Fock parameter, which leads to broadness. The photon subtraction is observed to be a more powerful quantum state engineering tool in comparison to the photon addition. Further, one of the quantum phase fluctuation parameters is found to reveal the existence of antibunching in both the engineered quantum states under consideration. Finally, the relevance of the engineered quantum states in the quantum phase estimation is also discussed.
Nature is the Cure: Engineering Natural Redox Cofactors for Biomimetic and Bioinspired Catalysis
Authors: Desage‐El Murr Marine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMetalloenzymes are nature's own catalysts and offer as such endless inspirational source for the chemists seeking selectivity in transformations. Metalloenzymes involved in oxidoreduction processes have specific subunits dedicated to electron and proton transfer, and these so‐called redox cofactors perform highly orchestrated redox events. This minireview offers a perspective on the development of biomimetic and bioinspired innovative approaches interfacing redox cofactors engineering with metal‐based catalysis, nanochemistry, light‐activation, supramolecular chemistry and artificial metalloenzymes to devise and build new synthetic systems using nature's finest electron transfer tools.
Targeting Histone Deacetylase 6 Reprograms Interleukin‐17‐Producing Helper T Cell Pathogenicity and Facilitates Immunotherapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Weinan , Wang Bin , Gao Yanan , Tian Yuan , Tian Meijie , Chen Yuanying , Xu Li , Yao Tso‐Pang , Li Peng , Yang Pengyuan 
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often accompanied by resistance to immunotherapies despite the presence of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes. We report that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) represses interleukin‐17 (IL‐17)–producing helper T (TH17) cell pathogenicity and the antitumor immune response, dependent on its deacetylase activity.

Approach and Results
Adoptive transfer of HDAC6‐deficient TH17 cells impedes HCC growth, dependent on elevated IL‐17A, by enhancing the production of antitumor cytokine and cluster of differentiation 8–positive (CD8+) T cell–mediated antitumor responses. Intriguingly, HDAC6‐depleted T cells trigger programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1)–PD‐1 ligand 1 expression to achieve a strong synergistic effect to sensitize advanced HCC to an immune checkpoint blocker, while blockade of IL‐17A partially suppresses it. Mechanistically, HDAC6 limits TH17 pathogenicity and the antitumor effect through regulating forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1). HDAC6 binds and deacetylates cytosolic FoxO1 at K242, which is required for its nuclear translocation and stabilization to repress retinoic acid–related orphan receptor gamma (RoRγt), the transcription factor of TH17 cell. This regulation of HDAC6 for murine and human TH17 cell is highly conserved.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that targeting the cytosolic HDAC6–FoxO1 axis reprograms the pathogenicity and antitumor response of TH17 cells in HCC, with a pathogenicity‐driven responsiveness to facilitate immunotherapies
Health professional and at‐risk BRCA young adult perspectives about information needs: What does Gen Y need to know?
Authors: Young Alison Luk , Butow Phyllis N. , Tucker Katherine M. , Williams Rachel , Healey Emma , Wakefield Claire E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractYoung adults at risk of a hereditary condition require the provision of accurate information to make an informed decision about genetic testing and risk management options. At‐risk young adults’ (18‐ to 40‐year olds) preferences for information and resources, and genetic‐related health professionals' (GHPs) views on young adults’ information needs, are largely unknown in the literature. This study aimed to clarify and compare the information needs of emerging (18‐ to 25‐year olds) and early (26‐ to 40‐year olds) adults. Resource preferences of young adults were also explored. Findings are drawn from two datasets: questionnaires and semi‐structured interviews with at‐risk young adults from BRCA1 or BRCA2 families (N = 32), and focus groups with GHPs (N = 73) working in Australian familial cancer clinics. Both datasets were analyzed using framework analysis. Emerging adults, particularly those who had not attended a clinic, wanted to know the rationale for genetic testing and basic genetic facts. Early adults were concerned about reproductive issues and cancer risk for future or current children. Information needs reported by young adults but not reported by GHPs include male cancer risk, finding reputable information, understanding test results (e.g., negative), and understanding risk terminology (e.g., lifetime cancer risk). Young adults’ satisfaction with current information received was suboptimal, yet uptake of genetic‐related resources was generally low. Getting information to this cohort remains a challenge for GHPs. Emerging adults showed a preference to obtain information through technologically‐based formats (e.g., websites, social media), whereas early adults used a wider range of formats (e.g., websites, booklets). Awareness of and access to genetic information prior to genetic clinic attendance is needed. A review of the utility of current resources available for at‐risk young adults would be helpful.
Highly accelerated vessel‐selective arterial spin labeling angiography using sparsity and smoothness constraints
Authors: Schauman S. Sophie , Chiew Mark , Okell Thomas W. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTo demonstrate that vessel selectivity in dynamic arterial spin labeling angiography can be achieved without any scan‐time penalty or noticeable loss of image quality compared with conventional arterial spin labeling angiography.MethodsSimulations on a numerical phantom were used to assess whether the increased sparsity of vessel‐encoded angiograms compared with non‐vessel‐encoded angiograms alone can improve reconstruction results in a compressed‐sensing framework. Further simulations were performed to study whether the difference in relative sparsity between nonselective and vessel‐selective dynamic angiograms was sufficient to achieve similar image quality at matched scan times in the presence of noise. Finally, data were acquired from 5 healthy volunteers to validate the technique in vivo. All data, both simulated and in vivo, were sampled in 2D using a golden‐angle radial trajectory and reconstructed by enforcing image domain sparsity and temporal smoothness on the angiograms in a parallel imaging and compressed‐sensing framework.ResultsRelative sparsity was established as a primary factor governing the reconstruction fidelity. Using the proposed reconstruction scheme, differences between vessel‐selective and nonselective angiography were negligible compared with the dominant factor of total scan time in both simulations and in vivo experiments at acceleration factors up to R = 34. The reconstruction quality was not heavily dependent on hand‐tuning the parameters of the reconstruction.ConclusionThe increase in relative sparsity of vessel‐selective angiograms compared with nonselective angiograms can be leveraged to achieve higher acceleration without loss of image quality, resulting in the acquisition of vessel‐selective information at no scan‐time cost.
One‐Step Synthesis of Monodispersed Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres for High‐Performance Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Qiu Yongting , Hou Mingzhen , Gao Jingchang , Zhai Haili , Liu Haimin , Jin Mengmeng , Liu Xiang , Lai Linfei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCost‐effective synthesis of carbon nanospheres with a desirable mesoporous network for diversified energy storage applications remains a challenge. Herein, a direct templating strategy is developed to fabricate monodispersed N‐doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres (NMCSs) with an average particle size of 100 nm, a pore diameter of 4 nm, and a specific area of 1093 m2 g−1. Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and tetraethyl orthosilicate not only play key roles in the evolution of mesopores but also guide the assembly of phenolic resins to generate carbon nanospheres. Benefiting from the high surface area and optimum mesopore structure, NMCSs deliver a large specific capacitance up to 433 F g−1 in 1 m H2SO4. The NMCS electrodes–based symmetric sandwich supercapacitor has an output voltage of 1.4 V in polyvinyl alcohol/H2SO4 gel electrolyte and delivers an energy density of 10.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 14014.5 W kg−1. Notably, NMCSs can be directly applied through the mask‐assisted casting technique by a doctor blade to fabricate micro‐supercapacitors. The micro‐supercapacitors exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility, long‐term stability, and reliable power output.
Automation in cell and gene therapy manufacturing: from past to future
Authors: Moutsatsou P. , Ochs J. , Schmitt R. H. , Hewitt C. J. , Hanga M. P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
As more and more cell and gene therapies are being developed and with the increasing number of regulatory approvals being obtained, there is an emerging and pressing need for industrial translation. Process efficiency, associated cost drivers and regulatory requirements are issues that need to be addressed before industrialisation of cell and gene therapies can be established. Automation has the potential to address these issues and pave the way towards commercialisation and mass production as it has been the case for ‘classical’ production industries. This review provides an insight into how automation can help address the manufacturing issues arising from the development of large-scale manufacturing processes for modern cell and gene therapy. The existing automated technologies with applicability in cell and gene therapy manufacturing are summarized and evaluated here.
Shovelomics root traits assessed on the EURoot maize panel are highly heritable across environments but show low genotype-by-nitrogen interaction
Authors: Le Marié Chantal A. , York Larry M. , Strigens Alexandre , Malosetti Marcos , Camp Karl-Heinz , Giuliani Silvia , Lynch Jonathan P. , Hund Andreas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe need for sustainable intensification of agriculture in the coming decades requires a reduction in nitrogen (N) fertilization. One opportunity to reduce N application rates without major losses in yield is breeding for nutrient efficient crops. A key parameter that influences nutrient uptake efficiency is the root system architecture (RSA). To explore the impact of N availability on RSA and to investigate the impact of the growth environment, a diverse set of 36 inbred dent maize lines crossed to the inbred flint line UH007 as a tester was evaluated for N-response over 2 years on three different sites. RSA was investigated by excavating and imaging of the root crowns followed by image analysis with REST software. Despite strong site and year effects, trait heritability was generally high. Root traits showing the greatest heritability (> 0.7) were the width of the root stock, indicative of the horizontal expansion, and the fill factor, a measure of the density of the root system. Heritabilities were in a similar range under high or low N application. Under N deficiency the root stock size decreased, the horizontal expansion decreased and the root stock became less dense. However, there was little differential response of the genotypes to low N availability. Thus, the assessed root traits were more constitutively expressed rather than showing genotype-specific plasticity to low N. In contrast, strong differences were observed for ‘stay green’ and silage yield, indicating that these highly heritable traits are good indicators for responsiveness to low N.
Methods of Entering Where Access is Restricted
Authors: McLauchlan Anna , Noble Allyson F. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Where social occasions, in the context of nightclubs and music venues, are bounded, the space of the entrance is accomplished via regulation of attendees by workers. This regulation ensures: the venue stays within capacity; people have been invited or (if required) pay the fee; entry to ‘undesirables,’ such as drunks, is prohibited. This paper draws from experience of attending social occasions and being a doorperson to categorise and examine methods of entering where access is restricted. Often methods require attendees to engage in visible dialogue with the doorperson; where methods are invisible, attendees can circumvent access restrictions whilst a semblance of order is maintained.
On the Taut String Interpretation and Other Properties of the Rudin–Osher–Fatemi Model in One Dimension
Authors: Overgaard Niels Chr 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe study the one-dimensional version of the Rudin–Osher–Fatemi (ROF) denoising model and some related TV-minimization problems. A new proof of the equivalence between the ROF model and the so-called taut string algorithm is presented, and a fundamental estimate on the denoised signal in terms of the corrupted signal is derived. Based on duality and the projection theorem in Hilbert space, the proof of the taut string interpretation is strictly elementary with the existence and uniqueness of solutions (in the continuous setting) to both models following as by-products. The standard convergence properties of the denoised signal, as the regularizing parameter tends to zero, are recalled and efficient proofs provided. The taut string interpretation plays an essential role in the proof of the fundamental estimate. This estimate implies, among other things, the strong convergence (in the space of functions of bounded variation) of the denoised signal to the corrupted signal as the regularization parameter vanishes. It can also be used to prove semi-group properties of the denoising model. Finally, it is indicated how the methods developed can be applied to related problems such as the fused lasso model, isotonic regression and signal restoration with higher-order total variation regularization.
Apelin abrogates the stimulatory effects of 17β-estradiol and insulin-like growth factor-1 on proliferation of epithelial and granulosa ovarian cancer cell lines via crosstalk between APLNR and ERα/IGF1R
Authors: Hoffmann Marta , Gogola Justyna , Ptak Anna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractApelin and chemerin are adipocytokines that play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes throughout the body. Our previous study demonstrated that these two adipokines are expressed and secreted by epithelial and granulosa cancer cell lines. 17β-estradiol (E2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are important regulators of ovarian functions, and their roles are well known. This study investigated whether apelin and chemerin regulate proliferation and apoptosis of epithelial (OVCAR-3) and granulosa (COV434) ovarian cancer cell lines by interacting with E2 and IGF-1. Apelin and chemerin did not affect caspase-3 activation in either cell line. However, apelin abrogated the stimulatory effects of E2 on proliferation of OVCAR-3 cells and of IGF-1 on proliferation of COV434 cells independently of ERK1/2 and PI3K via crosstalk of apelin receptor with estrogen receptor alpha and IGF-1 receptor, respectively.
Characteristics of drought propagation in South Korea: relationship between meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts
Authors: Bae Hyedeuk , Ji Heesook , Lim Yoon-Jin , Ryu Young , Kim Moon-Hyun , Kim Baek-Jo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
To investigate the propagation of meteorological droughts to agricultural and hydrological droughts, the relationship between droughts was analyzed using observed precipitation and agricultural reservoir and dam storage levels with SPI from 1998 to 2015 in South Korea. For the relationship between different types of droughts, we find that the occurrence of meteorological droughts after concentrated precipitation in the wet season (from June to September) tends not to lead to agricultural or hydrological droughts. A lack of precipitation from April to September, when large volumes of irrigation water are consumed, triggers both meteorological and agricultural droughts. In the case of hydrological droughts propagated from meteorological droughts, precipitation deficits in the dry season (between October and March) caused decrease in dam storage levels only. The occurrence of all different types of droughts is associated with extreme meteorological droughts, which are mainly caused by precipitation deficits in the wet season or prolonged rainfall shortages; in these cases, meteorological droughts led to agricultural and hydrological droughts. An analysis of the seasonal characteristics of storage level changes that in the wet season, agricultural reservoir storage levels are more dependent on precipitation deficits than dam storage levels. On other hand, when precipitation deficits were recorded in the dry season, agricultural reservoir storage levels went up, but dam storage levels dropped. The propagation of meteorological droughts to agricultural and hydrological droughts depends not only on drought severity but also on the drought timing. These findings may contribute to establishing a comprehensive drought monitoring system.
In vivo photoprotection mechanisms observed from leaf spectral absorbance changes showing VIS–NIR slow-induced conformational pigment bed changes
Authors: Van Wittenberghe Shari , Alonso Luis , Malenovský Zbyněk , Moreno José 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Regulated heat dissipation under excessive light comprises a complexity of mechanisms, whereby the supramolecular light-harvesting pigment–protein complex (LHC) shifts state from light harvesting towards heat dissipation, quenching the excess of photo-induced excitation energy in a non-photochemical way. Based on whole-leaf spectroscopy measuring upward and downward spectral radiance fluxes, we studied spectrally contiguous (hyperspectral) transient time series of absorbance A(λ,t) and passively induced chlorophyll fluorescence F(λ,t) dynamics of intact leaves in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths (VIS–NIR, 400–800 nm) after sudden strong natural-like illumination exposure. Besides light avoidance mechanism, we observed on absorbance signatures, calculated from simultaneous reflectance R(λ,t) and transmittance T(λ,t) measurements as A(λ,t) = 1 − R(λ,t) − T(λ,t), major dynamic events with specific onsets and kinetical behaviour. A consistent well-known fast carotenoid absorbance feature (500–570 nm) appears within the first seconds to minutes, seen from both the reflected (backscattered) and transmitted (forward scattered) radiance differences. Simultaneous fast Chl features are observed, either as an increased or decreased scattering behaviour during quick light adjustment consistent with re-organizations of the membrane. The carotenoid absorbance feature shows up simultaneously with a major F decrease and corresponds to the xanthophyll conversion, as quick response to the proton gradient build-up. After xanthophyll conversion (t = 3 min), a kinetically slower but major and smooth absorbance increase was occasionally observed from the transmitted radiance measurements as wide peaks in the green (~ 550 nm) and the near-infrared (~ 750 nm) wavelengths, involving no further F quenching. Surprisingly, in relation to the response to high light, this broad and consistent VIS–NIR feature indicates a slowly induced absorbance increase with a sigmoid kinetical behaviour. In analogy to sub-leaf-level observations, we suggest that this mechanism can be explained by a structure-induced low-energy-shifted energy redistribution involving both Car and Chl. These findings might pave the way towards a further non-invasive spectral investigation of antenna conformations and their relations with energy quenching at the intact leaf level, which is, in combination with F measurements, of a high importance for assessing plant photosynthesis in vivo and in addition from remote observations.
Governance under the shadow of the law: trading high value fine art
Authors: Shortland Anja , Shortland Andrew 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The market for paintings by well-known artists is booming despite widespread concern about art crime and difficulties in establishing provenance. Public law enforcement is imperfect, and court cases often are deemed problematic. So how is the thriving art market governed in practice? We analyze the protocols used by the top auction houses to identify and resolve problems of illicit supply—fakes, forgeries and items with defective legal titles—through the lens of institutional analysis. We uncover a polycentric private governance system in which different actors govern distinct but overlapping issue areas, motivated by profit, prestige, or the search for truth. When the financial stakes rise, opportunistic behavior undermines the credibility of private governance. We argue that as litigious, super-rich investors entered the art market, the interaction between public law and the traditional private governance system restricted the supply of “blue chip” art, driving the escalation of prices.
High throughput in vitro seed germination screen identified new ABA responsive RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligases in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Pavicic M. , Wang F. , Mouhu K. , Himanen K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Seed quality is an important factor for seedling vigour as well as adult plant resilience. The key quality attributes are related to physical characteristics, physiological performance, genetic background and health status of the seeds. Many ways to address seed quality attributes have been developed and recently many of them have featured automated high throughput methods. In our study, we addressed two of the seed quality attributes, namely physiological performance and genetic background by analysing germination rates in our mutant collection. These mutants represent ubiquitin E3 ligases that transcriptionally respond to abscisic acid (ABA). This plant hormone is an important regulator of germination and seedling establishment. To facilitate in vitro germination screens of large seed collections a high throughput image-based assay was developed. As a read out of the germination on ABA treatment the cotyledon emergence was detected with top view chlorophyll fluorescence camera. By applying the ABA treatment during germination, RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligase mutants were identified, showing either resistant or sensitive responses to ABA. In conclusion, a scalable high throughput screen for in vitro germination assay was established that allowed fast screening of tens of mutants in a hormone supplemented media.