bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The colonization rate of needleless connector and the impact of disinfection for 15 s on colonization: A prospective pre- and post-intervention study
Authors: Devrim İlker , Demiray Nevbahar , Oruç Yeliz , Sipahi Kenan , Çağlar İlknur , Sarı Ferhat , Turgut Nuriye , Atakul Gülhan , Özdamar Nihal , Dursun Vecihe , Sorguç Yelda , Bayram Nuri , Agın Hasan 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: The optimal scrubbing time for the disinfection of the surface of needleless connectors has not been determined. The evidence for successful needleless connector decontamination with 70% isopropyl alcohol ranges from 5 to 60 s. The aim of this prospective study was to identify colonization on the external surface of needleless connectors on central venous catheters and measure the efficiency of 15 s of scrubbing with 70% alcohol. Method: A total of 31 patients were included. Samples were collected adhering to aseptic no-touch technique policies. Two samples were collected from the injectable surface of the needleless connector with sterile sodium chloride 0.9% moistened and a dry swab from the same site. Then the surface was scrubbed with alcohol 70% for 15 s for disinfection and second couples of samples for the cultures were taken after disinfection. Findings: A total of 420 swabs were obtained. The number of colonization (equal or higher than 15 CFU/plate) was present on 21 of the needleless connectors (20.0%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci was responsible for all the colonization. After disinfection for 15 s, no isolation exceeding 1 CFU/plate was present. Conclusion: Scrubbing for 15 s with 70% alcohol was found to be successful at elimination of colonization of the surface of needleless connector even in high microorganism counts.
The role of structured physiotherapy in treating patients with atraumatic shoulder instability: Medium term results from a case series
Authors: Scott Martin , Sachinis Nikolaos Platon , Gooding Benjamin 
Published: February 2019

Background Consensus favours conservative treatment for atraumatic shoulder instability, but literature is scarce on the topic. We therefore prospectively assessed the results of structured physiotherapy for these patients. Methods Patient reported outcomes were recorded prior to physiotherapy and on discharge. Notes review identified patients re-referred for the same condition. Results N = 85. Review range was 12–72 months post-treatment. Median Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS) improved from 21 (range: 2–47) to 39 (11–47). Median Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) improved from 1117 (range: 306–2028) to 485 (0–1569). Patients with posterior instability demonstrated better results compared with other groups (OSIS change, p = 0.025; WOSI change, p = 0.060). Quicker referral to physiotherapy gave improved outcomes (OSIS change, p = 0.004, rs = −0.4; WOSI change, p = 0.047, rs = 0.24). Twenty-one patients (24.7%) were re-referred, seven of them for repeat physiotherapy and 14 of them for surgery. Previous surgery significantly affected the possibility of a further referral ( p < 0.001), and initial diagnosis was significantly correlated with further surgery ( p = 0.032). Discussion Early referral to physiotherapy may produce better results. Patients with posterior instability responded better to physiotherapy. Previous surgery increased the risk of re-referral. Re-referred patients with posterior instability tended to be managed with further physiotherapy.
Surgically relevant anatomy of the axillary and radial nerves in relation to the latissimus dorsi tendon in variable shoulder positions: A cadaveric study
Authors: Gates Stephen , Sager Brian , Collett Garen , Chhabra Avneesh , Khazzam Michael 
Published: February 2019

Background The purpose of this study was to define the relationship of the axillary and radial nerves, particularly how these are affected with changing arm position. Methods Twenty cadaveric shoulders were dissected, identifying the axillary and radial nerves. Distances between the latissimus dorsi tendon and these nerves were recorded in different shoulder positions. Positions included adduction/neutral rotation, abduction/neutral rotation for the axillary nerve, adduction/internal rotation, adduction/neutral rotation, adduction/external rotation, and abduction/external rotation for the radial nerve. Results Width of the latissimus tendon at its humeral insertion was 29.3 ± 5.7 mm. Mean distance from the latissimus insertion to the axillary nerve in adduction/neutral rotation was 24.2 ± 7.1 mm, the distance increased to 41.1 ± 9.8 mm in abduction/neutral rotation. Mean distance from the latissimus insertion to the radial nerve was 15.3 ± 5.5 mm with adduction/internal rotation, 25.8 ± 6.9 mm in adduction/neutral rotation, and 39.5 ± 6.8 mm in adduction/external rotation. Mean distance increased with abduction/external rotated 51.1 ± 7.4 mm. Conclusions Knowing the axillary and radial nerve locations relative to the latissimus dorsi tendon decreases the risk of iatrogenic nerve injury. Understanding the dynamic nature of these nerves related to different shoulder positions is critical to avoid complications.
A Pilot Study on a Smart Home for Elders Based on Continuous In-Home Unobtrusive Monitoring Technology
Authors: Yu Jingyu , An Ning , Hassan Tanbir , Kong Quan 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: This article reports on a pilot study of a smart home for elders (SHfE) designed to continuously monitor senior adults’ daily behaviors and the living environment of their residential homes using the application of unobtrusive sensors. SHfE users include older adults, their family members, and healthcare staff. Background: Globally, countries are experiencing the challenges of an increasingly aging population. A healthy environment is essential to support aging in place. By applying information and communications technology to building environments to support health, smart homes may be an option to provide a low-cost, comfortable, and user-friendly living environment for older adults. Method: A pilot study was conducted in a capital city in the Yangtze River Delta Agglomerations in China to verify the feasibility of the SHfE. One female older adult participated in the pilot study, which was conducted from November 2015 to January 2016. Results: The results indicated that the SHfE is a feasible way to analyze the behaviors (e.g., sleeping, cooking, water usage) of the elder and monitor the built environment (e.g., temperature, windows, and doors). Conclusions: The pilot study can be used as a baseline for further comprehensive experiments, case studies, and surveys to gain a better understanding of a smart healthy environment for older adults. On the basis of the current study, several recommendations are put forward for further implementation of the SHfE, including integrating multiple unobtrusive sensing devices; detecting fall accidents; monitoring indoor lighting, noise, and ventilation; remotely controlling electrical appliances; and developing the system with various languages. It is anticipated that the SHfE will be adopted in seniors’ residential homes in countries around the world which face an increasingly aging population.
Evaluating healthcare practitioners’ views on store-and-forward teledermoscopy services for the diagnosis of skin cancer
Authors: Janda Monika , Horsham Caitlin , Koh Uyen , Gillespie Nicole , Vagenas Dimitrios , Loescher Lois J , Curiel-Lewandrowski Clara , Hofmann-Wellenhof Rainer , Peter Soyer H. 
Published: February 2019

Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate healthcare practitioners’ views on and satisfaction with (i) digital image acquisition and storage and (ii) store-and-forward teledermoscopy services for the diagnosis of skin cancer in their clinical practice. Methods An online survey was conducted among 59 healthcare practitioners (GPs ( n=17), dermatologists ( n=22), dermatology registrars ( n=18), a dermatology research fellow ( n=1) and a plastic surgeon ( n=1)) to assess usability of digital image acquisition and storage for when the imaging process is conducted by the healthcare practitioners themselves, or by their patients. The study identifies the enablers and barriers of this emerging mode of medical practice. A thematic analysis was used to extract key themes from open-ended responses, which involved identifying themes and patterns within and across participants. Results Thirty-four healthcare practitioners (58%) had previously used a mobile dermatoscope within their practice. Participants most appreciated its use in their practice for lesion monitoring (59%) and record keeping (39%). Challenges reported were the increased time to support the additional workload (45%), technical issues (33%) and cost of equipment (27%). Practitioners were unsure (36%) or did not advocate teledermoscopy for direct-to-consumer use (41%). Only 23% supported the use of direct-to-consumer teledermoscopy. Conclusion While most practitioners are receptive to mobile teledermoscopy, there was less support for patient-initiated use, whereby the patient controls the imaging process. As technology improves rapidly it is important to evaluate practitioners’ acceptance and satisfaction of evolving telehealth services, moving forward with models of practice where healthcare practitioners and other healthcare providers will feel comfortable engaging in telehealth services.
Successful Treatment of Scedosporium Sinusitis in Two Lung Transplant Recipients: Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Management
Authors: Ference Elisabeth H. , Kubak Bernard M. , Zhang Paul , Suh Jeffrey D. 
Published: February 2019

Background Scedosporium fungal infection is an emerging disease which is difficult to diagnose and treat. Patients undergoing lung transplant may be colonized prior to transplantation and are at risk for lethal allograft infection after transplantation. Objectives To identify and evaluate treatment options. Methods This study is a retrospective review of patients treated at a tertiary academic medical center from 2007 to 2017 with positive sinonasal cultures. A review of the literature was also performed to identify additional cases. Results Two lung transplant patients had a positive culture for Scedosporium. The literature search resulted in 37 citations, which yielded only 2 prior cases of Scedosporium paranasal sinus colonization or infection in lung transplant recipients. Three of the 4 patients had cystic fibrosis. Two of the patients were colonized before initial transplant, while 1 patient was colonized before subsequent transplant. Three of the 4 patients survived, and all 3 had disease isolated to their sinuses and lungs treated with sinus surgery, while the fourth had disseminated disease and did not undergo sinus surgery. All patients were treated with multiple antifungals due to resistance patterns. One surviving patient cleared both sinus and lung cultures in less than 1 month, while the other 2 surviving patients achieved negative cultures after a minimum of 6 months. Conclusions Surgery may be especially important in patients with fungal sinus colonization or infection before or after lung transplantation. Chronic sinusitis is an important source for persistent fungal colonization and reinfection of the allograft which could be removed with surgical debridement before causing highly morbid pulmonary disease.
Bariatric Surgery and Low Back Pain: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Joaquim Andrei Fernandes , Helvie Peter , Patel Alpesh A. 
Published: February 2019

Study Design: Systematic literature review. Objective: It is estimated that one third of the world population is overweight and 20% of adults have some low back symptoms at some point of their lives. The association of obesity and low back pain and physical deterioration has been well established. We designed this study to evaluate the role of bariatric surgery (BS) for lumbar spine symptoms in obese patients. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed database identifying lumbar spine symptoms (pain, functional status, disability index) and/or complications of lumbar spine surgery before and after BS. Study quality was assessed according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Results: Ten studies were identified. Nine evaluated the role of BS in low back pain and/or functional status before and after surgery: all reported that bariatric surgery had a positive impact in improving low back pain symptoms and decreasing disability in severely obese patients. One study evaluated the role of posterior lumbar surgery in patients who were obese at the time of surgery and those who had a previous bariatric procedure: bariatric surgery decreased postoperative surgical complications. The level of the evidence was low (III and IV). Conclusions: Bariatric surgery in severely obese patients decreases the intensity of low back symptoms and also decreases disability secondary to back problems. Additionally, bariatric surgery may be advantageous for patients who need a posterior lumbar surgery and are severely obese. Prospective studies with longer follow-up are necessary to confirm this conclusion.
3D printable hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel for its potential application as a bioink in tissue engineering
Authors: Noh Insup , Kim Nahye , Tran Hao Nguyen , Lee Jaehoo , Lee Chibum 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
After recognition of 3D printing and injectable hydrogel as a critical issue in tissue/organ engineering and regenerative medicine society, many hydrogels as bioinks have been developed worldwide by using polymeric biomaterials such as gelatin, alginate, hyaluronic acid and others. Even though some gels have shown good performances in 3D bioprinting, still their performances do not meet the requirements enough to be used as a bioink in tissue engineering.

Method
In this study, a hydrogel consisting of three biocompatible biomaterials such as hyaluronic acid (HA), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and gelatin-methacryloyl, i.e. HA-g-pHEA-gelatin gel, has been evaluated for its possibility as a bioprinting gel, a bioink. Hydrogel synthesis was obtained by graft polymerization of HEA to HA and then grafting of gelatin- methacryloyl via radical polymerization mechanism. Physical and biological properties of the HA-based hydrogels fabricated with different concentrations of methacrylic anhydride (6 and 8%) for gelatin-methacryloylation have been evaluated such as swelling, rheology, morphology, cell compatibility, and delivery of small molecular dimethyloxalylglycine. Printings of HA-g-pHEA-Gelatin gel and its bioink with bone cell loaded in lattice forms were also evaluated by using home-built multi-material (3D bio-) printing system.

Conclusion
The experimental results demonstrated that the HA-g-pHEA-gelatin hydrogel showed both stable rheology properties and excellent biocompatibility, and the gel showed printability in good shape. The bone cells in bioinks of the lattice-printed scaffolds were viable. This study showed HA-g-pHEA-Gelatin gel’s potential as a bioink or its tissue engineering applications in injectable and 3D bioprinting forms.
Evaluation of compressed sensing MRI for accelerated bowel motility imaging
Authors: de Jonge C. S. , Coolen B. F. , Peper E. S. , Motaal A. G. , Nio C. Y. , Somers I. , Strijkers G. J. , Stoker J. , Nederveen A. J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background
To investigate the feasibility of compressed sensing and parallel imaging (CS-PI)-accelerated bowel motility magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to compare its image quality and diagnostic quality to conventional sensitivity encoding (SENSE) accelerated scans.

Methods
Bowel MRI was performed in six volunteers using a three-dimensional balanced fast field-echo sequence. Static scans were performed after the administration of a spasmolytic agent to prevent bowel motion artefacts. Fully sampled reference scans and multiple prospectively 3× to 7× undersampled CS-PI and SENSE scans were acquired. Additionally, fully sampled CS-PI and SENSE scans were retrospectively undersampled and reconstructed. Dynamic scans were performed using 5× to 7× accelerated scans in the presence of bowel motion. Retrospectively, undersampled scans were compared to fully sampled scans using structural similarity indices. All reconstructions were visually assessed for image quality and diagnostic quality by two radiologists.

Results
For static imaging, the performance of CS-PI was lower than that of fully sampled and SENSE scans: the diagnostic quality was assessed as adequate or good for 100% of fully sampled scans, 95% of SENSE, but only for 55% of CS-PI scans. For dynamic imaging, CS-PI image quality was scored similar to SENSE at high acceleration. Diagnostic quality of all scans was scored as adequate or good; 55% of CS-PI and 83% of SENSE scans were scored as good.

Conclusion
Compared to SENSE, current implementation of CS-PI performed less or equally good in terms of image quality and diagnostic quality. CS-PI did not show advantages over SENSE for three-dimensional bowel motility imaging.
Comparative Analysis of Durable Responses on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Versus Other Systemic Therapies: A Pooled Analysis of Phase III Trials
Authors: Pons-Tostivint Elvire , Latouche Aurélien , Vaflard Pauline , Ricci Francesco , Loirat Delphine , Hescot Ségolène , Sablin Marie-Paule , Rouzier Roman , Kamal Maud , Morel Claire , Lecerf Charlotte , Servois Vincent , Paoletti Xavier , Le Tourneau Christophe 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been demonstrated to improve overall survival (OS) in several tumor types. Durable responses have been reported with these agents in patients with melanoma and lung cancer. We aimed to quantify the proportion of patients who experience durable responses on ICIs and to compare it with other drug classes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrieved published phase III randomized trials that included at least one ICI arm in the recurrent and/or metastatic setting. A durable response to treatment was defined as a progression-free survival that exceeded three times the median progression-free survival of the whole population. The proportion of patients who experienced an OS that exceeded two times the median OS of the whole patient population also was estimated. RESULTS Nineteen studies involving 11,640 patients treated in 42 treatment arms (26 ICI and 16 non-ICI arms) were included. The mean proportion of patients who experienced a durable response was 2.3 times higher in those treated with an ICI compared with those treated in the control arms (25% v 11%). Durable responses were more frequent in patients treated with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 agents than in patients treated with anti–CTLA-4 agents (28% v 18%). The mean proportion of patients who had an OS that exceeded two times the median OS was also higher in those treated with ICIs than in those treated in the control arms (30% v 23%). In multivariable analysis, the effects of treatment with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 agents and of first-line treatment were statistically associated with a higher mean proportion of durable responses. CONCLUSION Durable responses were more frequent in patients treated with ICIs, although they also occurred in patients treated with other drug classes.
Neoliberal Riskscapes and Preemptive Poetics in Orly Castel-Bloom’sDolly City
Authors: Alon Shir 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFocusing on Hebrew writer Orly Castel-Bloom’s novel Dolly City (1993), as well as on her short stories published in the same period, this essay analyzes how neoliberal principles of risk management, primarily risk privatization and speculation, shape postmodernist literary genres and techniques. It argues that Dolly City reflects, thematically and formally, a shift between two biopolitical models of governance: from a welfare model based on a calculable and statistical futurity and on communal sacrifice, to a neoliberal model grounded in a speculative futurity and a zero-risk principle of preemption. Dr. Dolly, the narrator of the novel, who suffers from the neoliberal “illness of improbable possibilities,” applies this preemptive principle to language itself, creating what this essay defines as “preemptive poetics:” a literalized and material approach to language that protects it from the infinite improbable possibilities of figurative expression. Dolly City traces the postmodernist problem of the destabilized text, detached from any knowable intention, to neoliberal political-economic principles of risk management.
The Rhythm of Unity: Irène Némirovsky’sSuite françaiseand Leo Tolstoy’sWar and Peace
Authors: Cenedese Marta Laura 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPublished in 2004, Irène Némirovsky’s Suite française is a historical novel set during the French debacle and the German Occupation of France (1940–42). Scholars have studied it in relation to other French novels that touch upon similar issues; however, little attention has been given to its literary sources and to Némirovsky’s creative process. This article fills this gap by presenting an analysis of the relation between Suite française and Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace. It will also show the “creative influence” of the Russian master on Némirovsky, addressing how Suite française engages creatively with War and Peace and its reception. Building on archival material and close textual analysis, the article unravels the complex relation between the two novels by exploring questions of structure, the connections between history and fiction, and the use of music as a literary tool.
Splitting the Colonizer: Discarding Centrality as Freedom
Authors: Morales Rafael Acosta 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article explores a divide between the affective effects of freedom as a political core concept and its discursive articulation. It analyzes the failure of a Hegelian discourse of freedom that is often articulated in relation to colonial relationships. Departing from the idea of the life-and-death struggle in dialectical thought, the article argues for a different goal for postcolonial thought than dialectic unity as promised in Hegelian philosophy, examining the position of four writers: Alfonso Reyes, Mário de Andrade, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o. The essay concludes that freedom is not as desirable a political goal as it would appear. First, while logically it is fairly easy to distinguish freedom from coercion, the freedom of self-mastery, and, ultimately, the freedom to impose our own world upon others, affectively, these concepts are in fact often conflated. Second, as Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby demonstrates, the promise of dialectic unity is unattainable not only for the colonized or oppressed; it is also beyond the reach of the oppressor. Through the study of other postcolonial authors, the article proposes certain lines of inquiry through which split consciousnesses may offer political alternatives to the use of freedom as a political goal.
CRISPR babies: a view from the centre of the storm
Authors: Lovell-Badge Robin 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Towards the end of November 2018, news broke that the Chinese researcher He Jiankui had created the world's first genome-edited babies. This came shortly before the start of the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing, where researchers, ethicists and others concerned with regulation, social issues and public engagement from around the world gathered to discuss the latest advances in the field. In this Spotlight, I provide my perspective on the events that occurred shortly prior to and at the summit, where He Jiankui gave an account of his activities. I also discuss what was wrong with his approach and how, after more research and with appropriate regulation, clinical applications of germline genome editing in humans may be justifiable.