bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing spatial and temporal trends over time in potential species richness using satellite time-series and ecological niche models
Authors: Garcia Nuno , Campos João C. , Alírio João , Duarte Lia B. , Arenas-Castro Salvador , Pôças Isabel , Teodoro Ana C. , Sillero Neftalí 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Assessing biodiversity in protected areas is essential for effective conservation management. However, conventional methods for estimating species richness can lead to inaccurate assessments of biodiversity in these regions. To address this, we present a complementary approach to assess potential species richness at a 1 km resolution in the special conservation area of Montesinho/Nogueira (SAC-MN; Portugal), based on a spatial and temporal estimates of species richness trends over time (2001–2021). We compiled 10,190 species occurrence records from four taxonomic groups: amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. We created correlative ecological niche models (MaxEnt) with a time series of satellite-remote sensing variables (SRS-ENMs) using Google Earth Engine (GEE). We calculated annual potential species richness (PSR) maps by stacking the SRS-ENMs and identified positive and negative trends with the Mann–Kendall test. Each species’ ecological niche model revealed unique patterns of habitat suitability within SAC-MN over time. The eastern and western boundaries of SAC-MN revealed an increase in PSR, while the central area indicated PSR declines. Each group displayed different trends in PSR: birds and mammals were more similar between them than amphibians and reptiles. This approach provides ecologists and conservationists with valuable tools to evaluate PSR and trends over time, offering crucial insights for decision-makers and stakeholders to support local biodiversity conservation efforts.
Lagrange’s planetary equations with time-dependent secular perturbations
Authors: Deme Barnabás 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe long-term evolution of quasi-Keplerian systems is driven by a Hamiltonian that is independent of the fast angle. As this Hamiltonian may contain explicitly time-dependent parameters, the conservation of mechanical energy is not guaranteed in such systems. We derive how the semi-major axis evolves in these cases. We analyze two astrophysically interesting examples, those of the harmonic and quadrupole perturbations.
What do anomaly scores actually mean? Dynamic characteristics beyond accuracy
Authors: Iglesias Vázquez Félix , Marques Henrique O. , Zimek Arthur , Zseby Tanja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Anomaly detection has become pervasive in modern technology, covering applications from cybersecurity, to medicine or system failure detection. Before outputting a binary outcome (i.e., anomalous or non-anomalous), most algorithms evaluate instances with outlierness scores. But what does a score of 0.8 mean? Or what is the practical difference compared to a score of 1.2? Score ranges are assumed non-linear and relative, their meaning established by weighting the whole dataset (or a dataset model). While this is perfectly true, algorithms also impose dynamics that decisively affect the meaning of outlierness scores. In this work, we aim to gain a better understanding of the effect that both algorithms and specific data particularities have on the meaning of scores. To this end, we compare established outlier detection algorithms and analyze them beyond common metrics related to accuracy. We disclose trends in their dynamics and study the evolution of their scores when facing changes that should render them invariant. For this purpose we abstract characteristic S-curves and propose indices related to discriminant power, bias, variance, coherence and robustness. We discovered that each studied algorithm shows biases and idiosyncrasies, which habitually persist regardless of the dataset used. We provide methods and descriptions that facilitate and extend a deeper understanding of how the discussed algorithms operate in practice. This information is key to decide which one to use, thus enabling a more effective and conscious incorporation of unsupervised learning in real environments.
Exploring the role of generative AI in higher education: Semi-structured interviews with students with disabilities
Authors: Pierrès Oriane , Darvishy Alireza , Christen Markus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe release of a free generative artificial intelligence (GAI), ChatGPT, in November 2022 has opened up numerous opportunities for students with disabilities in higher education. While the transformative impact of GAI on teaching and learning in general is being debated intensively, little attention has been given to its potential for fostering or hindering inclusion. In news and blog articles, disability advocates have provided insights into the benefits and uses of GAI. However, a comprehensive understanding from a broader sample remains lacking. In order to address this gap, this study raises the question: “How do students with disabilities use and perceive ChatGPT as a tool in higher education?”. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with students with disabilities to gain insights into their current utilization of GAI, identify limitations and challenges, and explore their expectations. A total of 33 participants took part, including neurodiverse students as well as students with visual impairments, chronic diseases, hearing impairments, and mental health conditions. Results suggest that ChatGPT brings significant opportunities as an assistant in teaching, writing, reading and research, or self-organization. Based on this study, higher education institutions are recommended to consider the opportunities the tool represents for students with disabilities in their AI policies. They also have a responsibility to train and inform students to harness the potential of GAI. Developers are encouraged to address accessibility issues and to include the opinions of individuals with disabilities in their research. More practically, the results of this study can be used to design future applications that bear in mind the expectations and concerns of students with disabilities.
How teacher students used digital response systems during student teaching
Authors: Diaz Patricia , Hrastinski Stefan , Norström Per 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDuring teacher education programs, teacher students are expected to develop the digital competence necessary for their future roles as teachers. A vital aspect of this competence involves integrating digital tools into educational activities. Some digital tools, such as response systems, are designed and used to encourage student participation during educational activities. This study explores how teacher students use different functions in various response systems during their student teaching, practically applying what they learned in an ICT course during the teacher education program. Semi-structured interviews were thematically analyzed, with activity theory as a framework to discuss the themes. The findings reveal that while most teacher students used response systems during their student teaching, the extent and manner of use varied significantly. Frequent users reported positive experiences, integrating response systems as part of their teaching strategy, while occasional and non-users faced barriers related to theoretical grounding, relevance to the subject of English, community support, and the division of labor. These results highlight the importance of aligning digital tools with educational objectives and providing teacher students with theoretical and practical support during their training. The study contributes to the ongoing discourse on integrating digital tools in teacher education and provides insights into digital competence development within teacher education programs.
Conspiracy Beliefs and Monothematic Delusions: A Case for De-pathologizing
Authors: Ichino Anna , Sullivan-Bissett Ema 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMonothematic delusions and beliefs in conspiracy theories share some important features: they both typically have bizarre contents and are resistant to counterevidence. Yet conspiracy beliefs are generally taken to be a normal range phenomenon, whilst monothematic delusions are considered to involve doxastic pathology. In this paper, we argue that this difference in conceptualization is not warranted, and that, if we’re right, the correct response is to de-pathologize monothematic delusions.We identify three reasons which could justify taking monothematic delusions to be pathological beliefs whilst not treating conspiracy beliefs in such terms. First, we consider what have been identified as initial provoking conditions in monothematic delusions (anomalous experience) and conspiracy beliefs (epistemic mistrust). Second, we consider the role of cognitive biases or deficits in these phenomena. Third, we consider the different roles played by testimony and one’s social environment in the formation and maintenance of monothematic delusions and conspiracy beliefs. We argue that there are no grounds from any of these quarters for the different approaches taken with respect to the question of doxastic pathology. Our primary conclusion then is that monothematic delusions and conspiracy beliefs should be treated the same in this respect. Our secondary conclusion is that the correct way to do so is to de-pathologize monothematic delusions.
Prior Diagnoses and Age of Diagnosis in Children Later Diagnosed with Autism
Authors: Diemer Maire C. , Gerstein Emily 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAwareness of autism is rising, yet social determinants of health impact ages of diagnosis, and diagnostic load. Unequal rates of diagnoses may indicate biases in the healthcare system. This study investigates six prior diagnoses (ADHD, conduct, adjustment, anxiety, mood, and intellectual disability) assigned to children who are later diagnosed with autism. The study investigates how race, sex, and geographic factors were associated with age of diagnosis and diagnostic load. A sample of 13,850 (78.16% male and 14.43% Black, with 57.95% of children living in urban regions) children aged 2–10 who were diagnosed with autism on Missouri Medicaid between 2015 and 2019 were studied. Indicated that being White, living urban, and having more prior diagnoses were associated with older age of autism diagnosis. Using logistic regressions, being White was associated with a child being more likely diagnosed with all prior diagnoses aside from intellectual disability. Being male was related to a higher likelihood of ADHD, and lower likelihood of intellectual disability. Being White was associated with higher likelihood of most diagnoses, even in urban-only samples, potentially reflecting more access to providers and office visits. Living in rural areas was also associated with earlier diagnosis and more prior diagnoses such as ADHD and conduct, which may be due to types of providers or specialists seen. Future research should look at barriers to diagnosis and the advantages and disadvantages of a higher diagnostic load.
Thriving and Striving Around the World: A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Relationship Between Achievement Goals and Flourishing
Authors: Noordzij G. , Van Dam A. , Born M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe current study examines the relationship between achievement goals (mastery-approach, performance-approach, performance-avoidance, and mastery-avoidance goals) and flourishing (emotional, social, and psychological well-being) in three countries with comparable human development but with different cultural values: USA, Japan, and the Netherlands. Previous research provided an indication for the relationships between achievement goals and well-being but does not allow to draw conclusions on these relationships across cultures. We used a comparable sample of adults (N = 919) of the three countries to examine differences between those countries in the relationship between achievement goals and well-being. Results showed that the relationships between mastery-approach goals and well-being were the same for the three countries while different relationships were found for performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals. These findings could be partly explained by the cultural value of competitiveness and collectivism.
Phenomenologies of aging: an introduction
Authors: Dyring Rasmus , Blonk Laurine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis introduction to the special issue on the phenomenologies of aging explores the relative philosophical neglect of aging as a distinct topic. It critiques the naturalistic reduction of aging, which frames it primarily as decline, and examines the ethico-political implications of this perspective. In order to contextualize the possibilities of forming a new sustained philosophical debate on aging, we describe the earlier advances made in the field by notably Simone de Beauvoir’s work and the developments in critical gerontology, aging studies and the anthropology of aging and the life course. The introduction then programmatically states the need for a revitalized philosophical discourse on aging, suggesting that phenomenological inquiry can reveal the ontological complexities of intergenerational relationships and shared existence. Finally, we briefly introduce the contributions to this special issue by drawing forward the themes of corporeal temporality, generationality and the problem of sharing the world across generations.
Policy paradigms as an analytical concept in transport studies research
Authors: Pham Thu N. A. , Purkarthofer Eva , Stead Dominic 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMany references to policy paradigms and paradigm shifts can be found in the transport studies literature. Within this literature, diverse ways of interpreting and measuring paradigms and paradigm shifts are evident. This article critically reviews how paradigms are conceived in the transport studies literature and compares these interpretations with the policy science literature where the term has been more widely studied and used. The article proposes a conceptualisation of transport policy paradigms along four key dimensions: problem framing, goals, instruments and evaluation criteria. This conceptualisation helps to increase the clarity and usefulness of the term paradigm for both researchers and practitioners in studying transformative changes in transport policy.
Spectral quantization of discrete random walks on half-line and orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle
Authors: Doliwa Adam , Siemaszko Artur 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe define quantization scheme for discrete-time random walks on the half-line consistent with Szegedy’s quantization of finite Markov chains. Motivated by the Karlin and McGregor description of discrete-time random walks in terms of polynomials orthogonal with respect to a measure with support in the segment $$[-1,1]$$

[
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1
,
1
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, we represent the unitary evolution operator of the quantum walk in terms of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. We find the relation between transition probabilities of the random walk with the Verblunsky coefficients of the corresponding polynomials of the quantum walk. We show that the both polynomials systems and their measures are connected by the classical Szegő map. Our scheme can be applied to arbitrary Karlin and McGregor random walks and generalizes the so-called Cantero–Grünbaum–Moral–Velázquez method. We illustrate our approach on example of random walks related to the Jacobi polynomials. Then we study quantization of random walks with constant transition probabilities where the corresponding polynomials on the unit circle have two-periodic real Verblunsky coefficients. We present geometric construction of the spectrum of such polynomials (in the general complex case) which generalizes the known construction for the Geronimus polynomials. In the Appendix, we present the explicit form, in terms of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind, of polynomials orthogonal on the unit circle and polynomials orthogonal on the real line with coefficients of arbitrary period.
The distribution of scientific project funds model based on adaptive similarity fitting and NSGA-II
Authors: Li Boze , He Yandong , Xiu Yuxuan , Chen Bokui , Chan Wai Kin Victor 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe distribution of scientific project funds is usually based on manual allocation, which is inefficient. Other automatic allocation methods are difficult to balance projects in different fields. In this study, we first utilize the adaptive similarity fitting method, leveraging historical project data to construct an input–output fitting model. Subsequently, we align the input–output model with data from projects awaiting funding through the application of scaling factors. Viewing project funds distribution as a multi-objective optimization problem, we employ the NSGA-II algorithm for optimization. Cases in a certain region illustrate the efficacy of our approach in the efficient distribution of research project funds, addressing the diverse preferences of decision-makers. After applying our method to reassign funds for a research grant project in a certain region, while keeping the total funding amount unchanged, the research and talent output in the region for the year 2020 are expected to increase by 10.63% and 6%, respectively. Similarly, for the year 2021, the increases in research and talent output are 6.09% and 6.64%. The total funding amount for the year 2020 can be reduced by 11.67% with the output stays the same, and for 2021, the funding amount can be reduced by 7%.
How Does Work-Life Conflict Influence Wellbeing Outcomes? A Test of a Mediating Mechanism Using Data from 33 European Countries
Authors: Sirgy M. Joseph , Joshanloo Mohsen , Yu Grace B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractReflecting a recent guideline for operationalizing subjective wellbeing (OECD, 2023), this study tested a model that shows how work-life conflict, one of the key dimensions that detracts from wellbeing outcomes. It does so through a mediating mechanism involving domain satisfaction (i.e., family and work wellbeing), subjective wellbeing, and eudaimonic wellbeing. Specifically, we theorize that work-life conflict detracts from both family and work wellbeing, which in turn decreases subjective wellbeing. In turn, decreases in subjective wellbeing serve to decrease eudaimonic wellbeing. We also argue that work-life conflict has direct adverse effects on both subjective wellbeing and eudaimonic wellbeing. Data collected from the 2016 European Quality of Life Survey were used to test the model; the sample included 18,137 respondents from 33 European countries. The results from multi-level modeling were supportive of our hypotheses. Policy implications were discussed, along with study limitations and suggestions for future research.
Monitoring der Implementierungsbereitschaft in Veränderungsprozessen
Authors: Meyer Sarah , Söling Sara , Dymek Nicola , Britz Hannah , May Sofie , Dumröse Adda , Köberlein-Neu Juliane 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Im Rahmen des Projekts „Transsektorale Optimierung der Patientensicherheit“ (TOP) wurde eine IT-gestützte Intervention in Krankenhäusern implementiert, die darauf abzielt, den Prozess der Arzneimitteltherapie von stationär behandelten Patient:innen mit Polypharmazie durch eine intensivierte pharmazeutische Betreuung zu optimieren. Die Implementierungsbereitschaft von Organisationen stellt in diesem Zusammenhang einen wesentlichen Einflussfaktor dar. Der vorliegende Beitrag hat zum Ziel, die Entwicklung der Implementierungsbereitschaft in den teilnehmenden Krankenhäusern über den Beobachtungszeitraum zu beschreiben, Unterschiede zu erörtern und die im Prozessmonitoring abgeleiteten Implementierungsstrategien darzustellen.

Methode
Die Implementierungsbereitschaft wurde mittels des für das TOP-Projekt angepassten Instruments „Checklist to assess readiness for implementation“ (CARI) erhoben. Die Daten wurden zu fünf Zeitpunkten mit den projektverantwortlichen Mitarbeitenden der 12 teilnehmenden Krankenhäuser erfasst. Die Analyse des Datenmaterials erfolgte deskriptiv. Die im Rahmen des Prozessmonitorings überprüften und erweiterten Implementierungsstrategien wurden aus den Projektunterlagen extrahiert und über das „Pragmatic Implementation Reporting Tool“ klassifiziert und beschrieben.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse demonstrieren im Wesentlichen eine kontinuierliche Verbesserung der Implementierungsbereitschaft über die Erhebungszeitpunkte hinweg. Unterschiede zeigten sich v. a. zwischen den einzelnen Krankenhäusern. Organisationen, welche früher mit der Implementierung der Intervention starteten, wiesen eine höhere Implementierungsbereitschaft auf, als Einrichtungen mit kürzerer Interventionszeit. Das kontinuierliche Monitoring mithilfe von CARI ermöglichte zudem die Überprüfung und das Tailoring von Implementierungsstrategien.

Schlussfolgerungen
CARI scheint ein geeignetes Instrument zu sein, um die Implementierungsbereitschaft für spezifische Interventionen über einen Zeitverlauf zu beobachten. Zudem erlaubt das kontinuierliche Monitoring die frühzeitige Identifikation von Unterstützungsbedarf sowie die Ableitung spezifischer Maßnahmen, um Implementierungsprozesse zu stärken.
Effect of Caffeic Acid and a Static Magnetic Field on Human Fibroblasts at the Molecular Level – Next-generation Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Kimsa-Dudek Magdalena , Kruszniewska-Rajs Celina , Krawczyk Agata , Grzegorczyk Anna , Synowiec-Wojtarowicz Agnieszka , Gola Joanna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to their properties, numerous polyphenols and a static magnetic field could have therapeutic potential. Therefore, the aim of our research was to investigate the effect of caffeic acid (CA), a moderate-strength static magnetic field (SMF) and their simultaneous action on human fibroblasts in order to determine the molecular pathways they affect, which might contribute to their potential use in therapeutic strategies. The research was conducted using normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF cells) that had been treated with caffeic acid at a concentration of 1 mmol/L and then exposed to a moderate-strength static magnetic field. The RNA that had been extracted from the collected cells was used as a template for next-generation sequencing (NGS) and an RT-qPCR reaction. We identified a total of 1,006 differentially expressed genes between CA-treated and control cells. Exposure of cells to a SMF altered the expression of only 99 genes. Simultaneous exposure to both factors affected the expression of 953 genes. It has also been shown that these genes mainly participate in cellular processes, including apoptosis. The highest fold change value were observed for HSPA6 and HSPA7 genes. In conclusion, the results of our research enabled the modulators, primarily caffeic acid and to a lesser extent a static magnetic field, of the apoptosis signaling pathway in human fibroblasts to be identified and to propose a mechanism of their action, which might be useful in the development of new preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. However, more research using other cell lines is needed including cancer cells.
Successful implantation and removal of Impella 5.5 device via a 4-mm subclavian artery in an adult patient
Authors: Tsiouris Athanasios , Coleman Charles Mason , Jeyakumar Ashok Kumar Coimbatore 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecently, the utilization of Impella 5.5, especially in the axillary position, has increased exponentially. The device provides excellent hemodynamic support for patients in cardiogenic shock, as a bridge to recover, transplant, or durable left ventricular device. However, small size arteries remain its main limitation. With a maximum diameter of 19 Fr (6.33 mm), the recommended artery size needed for implantation is 7 mm. In this case, we discuss the successful implantation and removal of the Impella 5.5 device into a patient, with a subclavian artery diameter of 4 mm, whose other short- and mid-term options for mechanical circulatory support were limited.