bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpacking the heritability of body mass index and other ratios
Authors: Blomquist Gregory E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesRatios of weight to height, especially body mass index (BMI = kg/m2), are often used in epidemiological and genetic studies of health, but the limitations of quantitative genetic analysis of ratios are not widely known. The heritability of these ratios can be closely approximated from a bivariate quantitative genetic model of weight and height which clarifies how BMI heritabilities change.MethodsI explored this bivariate approximation and alternative measures through simulated datasets fit with linear mixed models. Simulated data were based on published heritabilities and other statistics for BMI and related anthropometric dimensions from four human samples.ResultsInspection of the bivariate approximation and analysis of simulated data show the heritability of weight/height crucially depends on the phenotypic (rP) and genetic correlations (rA) between weight and height. Changes in these correlations can have dramatic effects on the heritability of BMI. For example, whenrP ≪ rAheritability of BMI is reduced to 35‐50% of its value when the correlations are equal.DiscussionIncreasing adiposity likely decreases the phenotypic correlations more than the genetic correlation resulting in reduced heritability of the ratio. This contrasts with the commonly reported stability or increase of BMI heritability and implies it may result from increased genetic variance in weight in obesogenic environments. The bivariate model offers other advantages over ratios, including estimating theconditionalgenetic variance or heritability of weight that is unassociated with height, which may prove useful in quantitative and molecular genetic studies.
Chemical Functionalization of Nanodiamonds: Opportunities and Challenges Ahead
Authors: Reina Giacomo , Zhao Li , Bianco Alberto , Komatsu Naoki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNanodiamond(ND)‐based technologies are flourishing in a wide variety of fields spanning from electronics and optics to biomedicine. NDs are considered a family of nanomaterials with an sp3 carbon core and a variety of sizes, shapes, and surfaces. They show interesting physicochemical properties such as hardness, stiffness, and chemical stability. Additionally, they can undergo ad‐hoc core and surface functionalization, which tailors them for the desired applications. Noteworthy, the properties of NDs and their surface chemistry are highly dependent on the synthetic method used to prepare them. In this Minireview, we describe the preparation of NDs from the materials‐chemistry viewpoint. The different methodologies of synthesis, purification, and surface functionalization as well as biomedical applications are critically discussed. New synthetic approaches as well as limits and obstacles of NDs are presented and analyzed.
A Solid‐State Protein Junction Serves as a Bias‐Induced Current Switch
Authors: Fereiro Jerry A. , Kayser Ben , Romero‐Muñiz Carlos , Vilan Ayelet , Dolgikh Dmitry A. , Chertkova Rita V. , Cuevas Juan Carlos , Zotti Linda A. , Pecht Israel , Sheves Mordechai , Cahen David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA sample‐type protein monolayer, that can be a stepping stone to practical devices, can behave as an electrically driven switch. This feat is achieved using a redox protein, cytochrome C (CytC), with its heme shielded from direct contact with the solid‐state electrodes. Ab initio DFT calculations, carried out on the CytC–Au structure, show that the coupling of the heme, the origin of the protein frontier orbitals, to the electrodes is sufficiently weak to prevent Fermi level pinning. Thus, external bias can bring these orbitals in and out of resonance with the electrode. Using a cytochrome C mutant for direct S−Au bonding, approximately 80 % of the Au–CytC–Au junctions show at greater than 0.5 V bias a clear conductance peak, consistent with resonant tunneling. The on–off change persists up to room temperature, demonstrating reversible, bias‐controlled switching of a protein ensemble, which, with its built‐in redundancy, provides a realistic path to protein‐based bioelectronics.
Photoactivated Lysosomal Escape of a Monofunctional PtII Complex Pt‐BDPA for Nucleus Access
Authors: Xue Xuling , Qian Chenggen , Fang Hongbao , Liu Hong‐Ke , Yuan Hao , Guo Zijian , Bai Yang , He Weijiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA photosensitizing monofunctional Pt complex, Pt‐BDPA, was prepared with a BODIPY chromophore. Apart from its DNA binding ability, this complex displays emission at ca. 578 nm and a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.133. Confocal imaging revealed that this complex was sequestered in lysosomes via endocytosis in the dark, preventing its access to the nucleus. Profiting from its photoinduced ROS generation ability, this complex undergoes lysosomal escape to access the nucleus upon photoirradiation. The photoinduced ROS still cause a drop in intracellular GSH, favoring the stability of Pt‐BDPA and contributing to its nuclear DNA accessibility. This complex displayed distinct cytotoxicity to all tested tumor cell lines upon photoirradiation, and the IC50 values were ca. 3–6 μm, which are distinctly lower than those found with only dark incubation (IC50>50 μm). These results are consistent with photoactivated lysosomal escape of this photosensitizing Pt complex to access the nucleus.
Climate change: Clinical considerations
Authors: Haseley Dennis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPsychological reactions to climate change run the gamut from a sense of the need for urgent action to utter denial. This paper looks at some categories of defenses that block acknowledgement of this pressing threat. It cites the work of Renee Lertzman, an analytically oriented social scientist, whose research suggested that disavowal, negation, or denial could be deconstructed and viewed as defenses against intolerable anxieties, feelings of helplessness and disappointment, loss and guilt, and warded‐off wishes for agency and reparation. Clinical examples and personal self‐reflection are employed to posit that when anxiety over climate change, a serious disquiet in its own right, gets confused with childhood traumatic anxiety, with its attendant feelings of helplessness, smallness, hopelessness, shame, isolation, and useless rage, then dysfunctional defenses and affects are more likely to come to the fore. In contrast to this, realistic anxiety over our changing climate and need to shift from a carbon‐based culture can be made more tolerable and can allow one to face the uncertain future, to feel one's feelings, to work them through, to share them without shame, and to feel a certain amount of agency in confronting the climate future and working to cope with it, both individually and societally. Finally, the paper suggests that we clinicians need to listen with new awareness to patients' references to and defenses against climate change, as not simply displacements but also as allusions to a looming reality that is a thing in itself. It is suggested that although we cannot impose our agendas on our patients, as climate change disavowal breaks down, we do have in our tool kit ways of helping our patients with it, depending of course very much on the state of our own disavowal.
Combined passivity based control and optimal control for energy management of fuel cell/battery hybrid system
Authors: Benmouna Amel , Becherif Mohamed 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe energy management of hybrid electric vehicles is becoming an interesting topic for many researchers. Furthermore, the wise choice of the energy management strategy allows not only the best distribution of the power between the used sources, but also it allows reduction of consumption, increase in the lifetime of the sources, and improves the autonomy of the hybrid electric vehicle. The autonomy is guaranteed by the optimization of the embedded sources. In this study, the hybrid system consists of combining the fuel cell as the main source with the battery as the auxiliary source. The novelty of the proposed energy management strategy for the studied hybrid system is the combination between interconnection and damping assignment‐passivity based control and the Hamiltonian Jacobi Bellman method. The stability proof is given and the efficiency of the proposed strategy is proved by the experimental work, where the obtained results show the good and adequate results to the proposed scenario.
Scenario‐based eLearning to promote active learning in large cohorts: Students' perspective
Authors: Mio Cristina , Ventura‐Medina Esther , João Elsa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis work presents results from an investigation on the students' perspective of the use of scenario‐based (SBL) e‐learning and their performance in a first‐year core chemical engineering module in a Scottish university. SBL is a pedagogy that promotes active learning by bringing to the classroom practical and industrial experience. When combined with online delivery, SBL can be used to increase students' engagement in large cohorts. The scenario developed and used in this work was delivered via the Scenario‐Based Learning Interactive tool. A survey was used to capture students' insights on the activity and the use of the software. These data were then analyzed in combination with students' exam performance. Two cohorts with around 100 students each participated in this study over 2 years (with 91% response rate in the evaluation questionnaire). They indicate that students fully engaged with this form of learning as it links module content with real industrial applications. There is, however, a significant difference between female and male students in terms of the enjoyment they derived from the computer‐based activity with male students preferring the activity over tutorials with opposite results for females. There is no relationship between the perceived level of difficulty of the scenario and the exam performance in either cohort. The majority of students identified that they developed their problem‐solving and analytical skills through doing the scenario activity. In general, the students found the software difficult to use which suggests the need to explore other tools for the delivery of scenario‐based activities.
Boronic Acid Modified Polymer Nanoparticles for Enhanced Bacterial Deactivation
Authors: Gong Haiyue , Liu Weifeng , Carlquist Magnus , Ye Lei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA new method has been developed to enhance the antibacterial efficiency of traditional antibiotics. Chloramphenicol‐imprinted polymer particles were decorated with boronic acid to improve their binding to both Gram‐negative and ‐positive bacteria. The polymer particles have a high antibiotic loading and provide a slow release of the antibiotic payload to deactivate the target bacteria. The boronic acid modified polymer particles not only contribute to enhanced antibacterial efficiency, but also have the potential to act as scavengers to remove unused antibiotic from the environment.
Evaluation of the severity of mitral stenosis in patient with pulmonary hypertension: Role of exercise hemodynamics
Authors: Kern Morton J. , Kim Min , Yu Jeannie , Seto Arnold H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDyspnea due to mitral stenosis (MS) and/or pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in patients who may have both conditions presents a challenging diagnostic dilemma. The hemodynamic response to exercise is probably the most helpful method to arrive at the correct diagnosis and treatment algorithm. In this hemodynamic rounds discussion, we evaluated a patient with MS and PHT prior to the decision for mitral valvuloplasty.Key Points

Symptoms in patients with mitral stenosis and pulmonary hypertension cannot always be attributed to one pathology.
Catheter‐based hemodynamics are often needed to differentiate valve from lung disease.
Exercise hemodynamics can clarify the predominant pathology in complex clinical scenarios.
Fluorodibenzocyclooctynes: A Trackable Click Reagent with Enhanced Reactivity
Authors: Li Wei , Zou Juan , Zhu Shiyu , Mao Xianxian , Tian Hongyan , Wang Xiaojian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBioorthogonal reactions have widespread applications in biological systems, and development of new bioorthogonal reactions has been of great interest over the past two decades. In this work, the design and synthesis of a family of fluorinated dibenzocyclooctynes (FDIBOs) are reported. The electron‐deficient nature of fluorine atoms significantly accelerated the reaction of cyclooctynes in 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions, with either benzyl azide or ethyl diazoacetate, compared to conventional dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO). In addition, FDIBOs showed unique trackable properties owing to the high NMR sensitivity of the naturally abundant 19F isotope. Biological molecules, including a monosaccharide, a peptide, and a protein, were tested with FDIBOs, and these reactions could be easily monitored by 19F NMR spectroscopy to evaluate the progress of the conjugation reactions. In addition, labeling of live cells was also demonstrated with metabolically modified bacteria to expand the possible applications of FDIBOs.
Advanced interatrial block predicts recurrence of atrial fibrillation after accessory pathway ablation in patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome
Authors: Wu Jin‐Tao , Zhao Dan‐Qing , Li Fei‐Fei , Wu Rui , Fan Xian‐Wei , Hu Guang‐Ling , Bai Min‐Fu , Yang Hai‐Tao , Yan Li‐Jie , Liu Jing‐Jing , Xu Xian‐Jing , Wang Shan‐Ling , Chu Ying‐Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundParoxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently occurs in patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome. Although successful ablation of the accessory pathway (AP) eliminates paroxysmal AF in some patients, in other patients it can recur.HypothesisWe investigated the clinical utility of advanced interatrial block (IAB) for predicting the risk of AF recurrence in patients with verified paroxysmal AF and WPW syndrome after successful AP ablation.MethodsThis retrospective study included 103 patients (70 men, 33 women; mean age, 44 ± 16 years) with WPW syndrome who had paroxysmal AF. A resting 12‐lead electrocardiogram was performed immediately after successful AP ablation to evaluate the presence of advanced IAB, which was defined as a P‐wave duration of >120 ms and biphasic [±] morphology in the inferior leads.ResultsDuring the mean follow‐up period of 30.9 ± 20.0 months (range, 2‐71 months), 16 patients (15.5%) developed AF recurrence. Patients with advanced IAB had significantly reduced event‐free survival from AF (P < .001). Cox regression analysis with adjustment for the left atrial diameter and CHA2DS2‐VASc score identified advanced IAB (hazard ratio, 9.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.30‐36.72; P = .002) and age > 50 years (hazard ratio, 12.64; 95% CI, 1.33‐119.75; P = .027) as independent predictors of AF recurrence.ConclusionsAdvanced IAB was an independent predictor of AF recurrence after successful AP ablation in patients with WPW syndrome.
Survival disparities for second primary malignancies diagnosed among childhood cancer survivors: A population‐based assessment
Authors: Brown Austin L. , Arroyo Vidal M. , Agrusa Jennifer E. , Scheurer Michael E. , Gramatges M. Monica , Lupo Philip J. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundCurative therapy places childhood cancer survivors at increased risk for second primary malignancies (SPMs). However, there have been few population‐based attempts to characterize differences between outcomes of SPMs in childhood cancer survivors and outcomes of first primary malignancies (FPMs).MethodsClinical and demographic information about childhood cancer survivors who developed SPMs and individuals with comparable FPMs was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with Cox proportional hazards models comparing the overall survival (OS) of individuals with and without a history of childhood cancer. OS was evaluated both overall and for specific cancers diagnosed in 50 or more childhood cancer survivors. Models accounted for potential confounders, including sex, race, age, treatment decade, histology, and disease stage.ResultsCompared with individuals with FPMs (n = 1,332,203), childhood cancer survivors (n = 1409) with an SPM experienced poorer OS (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.72‐2.02) after the study had accounted for cancer type, age, sex, race, and decade of diagnosis. A history of childhood cancer remained a poor prognostic factor for all specific cancers evaluated, including breast cancer (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.63‐2.62), thyroid cancer (HR, 3.59; 95% CI, 2.08‐6.19), acute myeloid leukemia (HR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.87‐3.05), brain cancer (HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.72‐2.55), melanoma (HR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.55‐4.27), bone cancer (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.37‐2.57), and soft‐tissue sarcoma (HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.78‐3.33).ConclusionsCompared with individuals without a prior cancer diagnosis, survivors of childhood cancer with an SPM experienced inferior outcomes. Survival disparities were observed for the most frequent SPMs diagnosed in childhood cancer survivors.
A metaheuristic‐based approach to optimizing color design for military camouflage using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Lin Chiuhsiang Joe , Prasetyo Yogi Tri 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnhancing an existing military camouflage is an important component during the assessment of military camouflage. The current study proposed a new and practical approach to enhancing the undetectability of a military camouflage using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Eight different locations (20 × 50 pixels) in the one swamp background were selected to be the place of a human‐shaped target. The PSO would generate newly proposed camouflage as an empirical parameter based on the lower and the upper bounds from selected four different colors in swamp background. The predictive algorithm was applied to adjust the optimum shift of %L*, %a*, and %b* from the original to the empirical parameter. Thirty participants were recruited to evaluate the original and newly proposed camouflages. Paired sample t test indicates that the newly proposed military camouflage had a significant lower camouflage similarity index value and a longer detection time. The PSO shows to be a method with good results; however, a comprehensive study using multiple backgrounds and patterns would be required to generalize the methodology to other background environments or camouflage patterns.
Performance analysis of SDN vs OSPF in diverse network environments
Authors: Abdallah Sarah , Kayssi Ayman , Elhajj Imad H. , Chehab Ali 
Published: June 2019

SummaryNetwork convergence is an important aspect in networks because it can limit the damage resulting from network failures and changes. Consequently, a lot of research considered comparing the performance of different routing protocols, whether in IP or SDN, to assess their convergence speed and reaction to failures. We previously modeled OSPF vs SDN networks in general network deployments and studied their comparative convergence delays for different network conditions. However, the type of network and the architecture choices also affect performance. Consequently in this paper, we model network convergence for two network architectures, datacenters and WANs, to discern the difference in SDN and IP convergence processes and speeds when the network type and characteristics change.
Improved error performance of a 3/4‐Sezginer space‐time block codes
Authors: Ramasila Wamolambo Lucky , Xu Hongjun 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe Alamouti space‐time block code (STBC) achieves full diversity gain at a rate of 1/2. However, the Alamouti scheme does not provide multiplexing gain. The Silver code offers both diversity and multiplexing gain. It has a minimum normalization determinant of
. The Golden code is another STBC that offers both diversity and multiplexing gain. The Golden code is ranked higher than the Silver code because of its lower minimum normalization determinant of
, however, the golden code suffers from a high detection complexity in the modulation order of M4. The 3/4‐Sezginer code is another STBC, which compromises between the Alamouti scheme and the Golden code in terms of diversity gain and multiplexing gain. The 3/4‐Sezginer code achieves full diversity and half of multiplexing gain. The uncoded space‐time labeling diversity (USTLD) is a recent scheme that improves the error performance when applied to the STBC in multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems and will be applied to the 3/4‐Sezginer STBC to improve the error performance in this paper. The theoretical error probability for both the 3/4‐Sezginer STBC and the improved system is formulated using the union bound in this paper. The theoretical error probabilities of both 16‐QAM and 64‐QAM are validated through Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation and theoretical results show that the proposed system with 4 NR can achieve an SNR gain of 1 dB for 16‐QAM and 1.2 dB 64‐QAM at a bit error rate (BER) of 10−6.
Tentative identification of the metabolites of (1‐(cyclohexylmethyl)‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐(2,2,3,3‐tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone, and the product of its thermal degradation, by in vitro and in vivo methods
Authors: Grigoryev Andrej , Kavanagh Pierce , Labutin Andrew , Pechnikov Alexandr , Dowling Geraldine , Shevyrin Vadim , Krupina Natalia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoids (SCs), mimicking the psychoactive effects of cannabis, consist of a vast array of structurally diverse compounds. A novel compound belonging to the SC family, (1‐(cyclohexylmethyl)‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐(2,2,3,3‐tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone (named TMCP‐CHM in this article) contains a cyclopropane ring that isomerizes during the smoking process, resulting in a ring‐opened thermal degradant with a terminal double bond in its structure. Metabolites of TMCP‐CHM were tentatively identified in vitro (after incubation of the parent substance with S9 pooled human liver fraction) and in vivo (rat experimental model) studies by accurate‐mass liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). For the identification of the degradant metabolites, and to study biotransformation of parent substance in the human, urine and hair samples from patients, who had ingested the compound and were subsequently admitted to hospital with drug intoxications, were analyzed. Products of mono‐, di‐, trihydroxylation, carboxylation, and carboxylation combined with hydroxylation of TMCP‐CHM and its degradant were detected in human urine. Metabolism of the degradant included addition of water to the terminal double bond followed by dehydration and formation of a cyclic metabolite. Degradant metabolites prevailed in comparison with metabolites of the parent substance in each metabolite group examined, except carboxylation. N‐Dealkylated metabolites found in human urine originated only from the degradant. Most of the hydroxy metabolites were detected in human urine in both the free form and as glucuronides. The detection of monohydroxylated (M1.1‐M1.3, M/A1.10) and carboxylated/hydroxylated (M4.2, M/A4.3) metabolites of TMCP‐CHM and the hydrated form of the monohydroxylated metabolite of the degradant was found to be convenient for routine analysis.