bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HYDROISOTOPE OF GROUNDWATER IN WESTERNPART OF WEST PROGO DOME
Authors: R.A. T. Listyani 
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini merupakan survei hidrogeologi dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik isotop airtanah. Lokasi penelitian adalah daerah Samigaluh, khususnya yang termasuk dalam Kubah West Progo, termasuk dalam kapling peta RBI Lembar Purworejo dan Sendangagung. Wilayah yang diteliti ini merupakan daerah yang masuk dalam zone non Cekungan Airtanah (non CAT). Metode penelitian adalah survei hidrogeologi lapangan, disertai dengan pengambilan dua contoh airtanah untuk uji isotop. Data yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data airtanah dan petrologi. Analisis data meliputi analisis hidrogeologi berdasarkan data isotop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa airtanah yang diteliti memiliki karakteristik isotop ringan dan berat. Kandungan isotop tersebut menunjukkan bahwa airtanah mengalir pada jarak relatif dekat dan kemungkinan hingga intermediate. Kandungan isotop yang lebih berat menunjukkan adanya sumber air recharge di dekat mataair namun pada elevasi yang lebih rendah. Hal ini didukung oleh kandungan TDS airtanah yang relatif rendah (86 – 108 ppm)
Reference Star Differential Imaging of Close-in Companions and Circumstellar Disks with the NIRC2 Vortex Coronagraph at the W. M. Keck Observatory
Authors: Ruane Garreth , Ngo Henry , Mawet Dimitri , Absil Olivier , Choquet Élodie , Cook Therese , Gonzalez Carlos Gomez , Huby Elsa , Matthews Keith , Meshkat Tiffany , Reggiani Maddalena , Serabyn Eugene , Wallack Nicole , Xuan W. Jerry 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Reference star differential imaging (RDI) is a powerful strategy for high-contrast imaging. Using example observations taken with the vortex coronagraph mode of Keck/NIRC2 in L′ band, we demonstrate that RDI provides improved sensitivity to point sources at small angular separations compared to angular differential imaging (ADI). Applying RDI to images of the low-mass stellar companions HIP 79124 C (192 mas separation, ΔL′ = 4.01) and HIP 78233 B (141 mas separation, ΔL′ = 4.78), the latter a first imaging detection, increases the significance of their detections by up to a factor of 5 with respect to ADI. We compare methods for reference frame selection and find that pre-selection of frames improves detection significance of point sources by up to a factor of 3. In addition, we use observations of the circumstellar disks around MWC 758 and 2MASS J16042165−2130284 to show that RDI allows for accurate mapping of scattered light distributions without self-subtraction artifacts.
Double-decker Filament Configuration Revealed by Mass Motions
Authors: Awasthi Arun Kumar , Liu Rui , Wang Yuming 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
It is often envisaged that dense filament material lies in the dips of magnetic field lines belonging to either a sheared arcade or a magnetic flux rope. But it is also debated which configuration correctly depicts filaments’ magnetic structure, due to our incapacity to measure the coronal magnetic field. In this paper, we address this issue by employing mass motions in an active-region filament to diagnose its magnetic structure. The disturbance in the filament was driven by a surge initiated at the filament’s eastern end in the NOAA active region 12685, which was observed by the 1 m New Vacuum Solar Telescope in the Hα line-center and line wing (±0.4 Å). Filament material predominately exhibits two kinds of motions, namely, rotation about the spine and longitudinal oscillation along the spine. The former is evidenced by antisymmetric Doppler shifts about the spine; the latter features a dynamic barb with mass extending away from the Hα spine until the transversal edge of the EUV filament channel. The longitudinal oscillation in the eastern section of the filament is distinct from that in the west, implying that the underlying field lines have different lengths and curvature radii. The composite motions of filament material suggest a double-decker host structure with mixed signs of helicity, comprising a flux rope atop a sheared-arcade system.
Acceleration of Cosmic Rays in Supernova Shocks: Elemental Selectivity of the Injection Mechanism
Authors: Hanusch Adrian , Liseykina Tatyana V. , Malkov Mikhail 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Precise measurements of galactic cosmic rays revealed a significant difference between the rigidity spectral indices of protons and helium ions. This finding is a notable contrast to the commonly accepted theoretical prediction that supernova remnant (SNR) shocks accelerate protons and helium ions with the same rigidity alike. Most of the earlier explanations for the “paradox” appealed to SNR environmental factors, such as inhomogeneous p/He mixes in the shock upstream medium, variable ionization states of He, or a multi-SNR origin of the observed spectra. The newest observations, however, are in tension with most past models. In this paper, we show by self-consistent hybrid simulations that such special conditions are not vital for explaining the cosmic-ray rigidity spectra. In particular, our simulations prove that an SNR shock can modify the chemical composition of accelerated cosmic rays by preferentially extracting them from a homogeneous background plasma without additional, largely untestable assumptions. Our results confirm the earlier theoretical predictions of how the efficiency of injection depends on the shock Mach number M. Its increase with the charge-to-mass ratio saturates at a level that grows with M. We have convolved the time-dependent injection rates of protons and helium ions, obtained from the simulations, with a decreasing shock strength over the active lives of SNRs. The integrated SNR rigidity spectrum for p/He ratio compares well with the AMS-02 and PAMELA data.
Chemical Network Reduction in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Xu Rui , Bai Xue-Ning , Öberg Karin , Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Protoplanetary disks (PPDs) are characterized by different kinds of gas dynamics and chemistry, which are coupled via ionization, heating, and cooling processes, as well as advective and turbulent transport. However, directly coupling gas dynamics with time-dependent chemistry is prohibitively computationally expensive when using comprehensive chemical reaction networks. In this paper, we evaluate the utility of a species-based network reduction method in different disk environments to produce small chemical networks that reproduce the abundances of major species found in large gas-phase chemistry networks. We find that the method works very well in disk midplane and surface regions, where approximately 20–30 gas-phase species, connected by ∼50–60 gas-phase reactions, are sufficient to reproduce the targeted ionization fraction and chemical abundances. Most species of the reduced networks, including major carriers of oxygen, carbon and nitrogen, also have similar abundances in the reduced and complete network models. Our results may serve as an initial effort for future hydrodynamic/magnetohydrodynamic simulations of PPDs incorporating time-dependent chemistry in appropriate regions. Accurately modeling the abundances of major species at intermediate disk heights, however, will require a much more extended network incorporating gas-grain chemistry and is left for future studies.
On the Bimodal Spin-period Distribution of Be/X-Ray Pulsars
Authors: Xu Xiao-Tian , Li Xiang-Dong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
It has been reported that there are two populations of Be/X-ray pulsars, with the pulse period distribution peaked at ∼10 s and ∼200 s, respectively. A possible explanation of this bimodal distribution is related to different accretion modes in Be/X-ray binaries. In this work, we investigate the spin evolution of Be/X-ray pulsars based on the magnetically threaded accretion disk model. Compared with previous works, we take into account several distinct and important factors of Be/X-ray binaries, including the transient accretion behavior and possible change of the accretion disk structure during quiescence. We demonstrate that current Be/X-ray pulsars are close to the spin equilibrium determined by the balance of spin-up during outbursts and spin down during quiescence, and that the observed bimodal distribution can be well reproduced by the equilibrium spin periods with reasonable input parameters.
New Models of Jupiter in the Context of Juno and Galileo
Authors: Debras Florian , Chabrier Gilles 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Observations of Jupiter’s gravity field by Juno have revealed surprisingly low values for the high-order gravitational moments, considering the abundances of heavy elements measured by Galileo 20 years ago. The derivation of recent equations of state for hydrogen and helium, which are much denser in the megabar region, exacerbates the conflict between these two observations. In order to circumvent this puzzle, current Jupiter model studies either ignore the constraint from Galileo or invoke an ad hoc modification of the equations of state. In this paper, we derive Jupiter models that satisfy constraints of both Juno and Galileo. We confirm that Jupiter’s structure must encompass at least four different regions: an outer convective envelope, a region of compositional and thus entropy change, an inner convective envelope, an extended diluted core enriched in heavy elements, and potentially a central compact core. We show that in order to reproduce Juno and Galileo observations, one needs a significant entropy increase between the outer and inner envelopes and a lower density than for an isentropic profile, which is associated with some external differential rotation. The best way to fulfill this latter condition is an inward-decreasing abundance of heavy elements in this region. We examine in detail the three physical mechanisms that can yield such a change of entropy and composition: a first-order molecular-metallic hydrogen transition, immiscibility between hydrogen and helium, or a region of layered convection. Given our present knowledge of hydrogen pressure ionization, a combination of the two latter mechanisms seems to be the most favored solution.
The PPEAO experimental fishing dataset: Fish from West African estuaries, lagoons and reservoirs
Authors: Simier Monique , Ecoutin Jean-Marc , Tito de Morais Luis 
Published: February 2019

This paper describes a dataset of fish, crustacean and mollusc occurrences extracted from the “Experimental Fishing” section of the IRD's PPEAO information system. PPEAO stands for “Fish communities and artisanal fisheries of West African estuarine, lagoon and freshwater ecosystems”. This database contains information collected using two different methods: experimental fishing and surveys of the artisanal fisheries that exploit these ecosystems. The database is accessible at http://ppeao.ird.fr.
The current dataset is available on GBIF.org at 10.15468/ra4voa. It comprises the occurrences of 314 fish, crustacean and mollusc taxa collected in experimental sampling surveys of different aquatic ecosystems in West Africa between 1979 and 2013. Different types of fishing gear were used including purse seines, gill nets and fyke nets. The taxa were identified by IRD scientists or by scientific partners well trained in systematics. Most taxa were identified at species level (97% of cases). This dataset is the result of 213 fishing surveys, 5,362 fishing hauls and 31,709 occurrences (28,428 of fish taxa and 3,281 of crustaceans and molluscs). The number of individuals per species and per haul is included and 80% of occurrences are geolocated.
La contingence des actions du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies dans la protection des droits de l’homme
Authors: Moine André 
Published: February 2019

Les membres des Nations unies ont conféré au Conseil de sécurité la mission principale du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales. Dans le cadre de cette mission pacificatrice des relations internationales, le Conseil peut potentiellement protéger, promouvoir ou respecter les droits de l’homme et les libertés fondamentales. Un lien doit à cette fin être établi entre la paix et le respect des droits de l’homme. Cependant, la latitude d’action du Conseil de sécurité pour agir en faveur des droits de l’homme suppose l’existence de situations susceptibles de justifier son action pour leur défense ou leur promotion et la réunion de conditions politiques internationales favorables à l’adoption de résolutions pour tenter d’y remédier. Une telle intervention du Conseil en faveur des droits de l’homme peut être motivée soit parce que la méconnaissance ou la violation de ces derniers nuit à la sécurité internationale soit parce que la promotion des droits de l’homme est un moyen d’établissement et de consolidation de la paix. L’étendue des droits ainsi promus ou défendus dans les différentes situations est un enjeu parallèle de cette volonté du Conseil. Cependant encore, malgré un unanimisme du discours sur le nécessaire respect des droits de l’homme et la large ratification des instruments juridiques les recensant, les dissensions relatives aux moyens de ce respect par le Conseil sont fréquentes en son sein. Certains membres refusent la prise en compte des atteintes aux droits de l’homme par le Conseil de sécurité car celles-ci relèveraient de la souveraineté nationale ou d’autres enceintes. Ils soupçonnent en effet une possible instrumentalisation politique des atteintes aux droits de l’homme. D’autres membres, à l’inverse, considèrent que la protection des droits de l’homme est indissociable de la paix et de la sécurité internationales. De plus, en pratique, la légitimité du Conseil de sécurité à agir en la matière est parfois, sinon souvent, contestée notamment du fait de la composition même du Conseil, de la manière dont il exerce son mandat et de ses propres défaillances dans le respect des droits de l’homme. Ces écueils nuisent à l’aptitude du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies à agir effectivement ou systématiquement pour protéger les droits de tous les membres de la communauté humaine.
Automatic Classification for Fruits’ Types and Identification of Rotten Ones Using k-NN and SVM
Authors: Nosseir Ann , Ahmed Seif Eldin  A. 
Published: February 2019

Having a system that classifies different types of fruits and identifies the quality of fruits will be of a value in various areas especially in an area of mass production of fruits’ products. This paper presents a novel system that differentiates between four fruits types and identifies the decayed ones from the fresh. The algorithms used are based on the colour and the texture features of the fruits’ images. The algorithms extract the RGB values and the first statistical order and second statistical of the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) values. To segregate between the fruits’ types, Fine, Medium, Coarse, Cosine, Cubic, and Weighted K-Nearest Neighbors algorithms are applied. The accuracy percentages of each are 96.3%, 93.8%, 25%, 83.8%, 90%, and 95% respectively. These steps are tested with 46 pictures taken from a mobile phone of seasonal fruits at the time i.e., banana, apple, and strawberry. All types were accurately identifying. To tell apart the decayed fruits from the fresh, the linear and quadratic Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms differentiated between them based on the colour segmentation and the texture feature algorithms values of each fruit image. The accuracy of the linear SVM is 96% and quadratic SVM 98%.
CyberMaster: An Expert System to Guide the Development of Cybersecurity Curricula
Authors: Hodhod Rania , Khan Shamim , Wang Shuangbao 
Published: February 2019

The growing number of reported cyber-attacks pose a difficult challenge to individuals, governments and organizations. Adequate protection of information systems urgently requires a cybersecurity-educated workforce trained using a curriculum that covers the essential skills required for different cybersecurity work roles. The goal of the CyberMaster expert system is to assist inexperienced instructors with cybersecurity course design. It is an intelligent system that uses visual feedback to guide the user through the design process. Initial test executions show the promise of such a system in addressing the enormous shortage of cybersecurity experts currently available for designing courses and training programs.
Evaluating solar radiation forecast uncertainty
Authors: Tuononen Minttu , O'Connor Ewan J. , Sinclair Victoria A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The presence of clouds and their characteristics have a strong impact on the
radiative balance of the Earth and on the amount of solar radiation reaching
the Earth's surface. Many applications require accurate forecasts of surface
radiation on weather timescales, for example solar energy and UV radiation
forecasts. Here we investigate how operational forecasts of low and mid-level
clouds affect the accuracy of solar radiation forecasts. A total of 4 years
of cloud and solar radiation observations from one site in Helsinki, Finland,
are analysed. Cloud observations are obtained from a ceilometer and therefore
we first develop algorithms to reliably detect cloud base, precipitation, and
fog. These new algorithms are widely applicable for both operational use and
research, such as in-cloud icing detection for the wind energy industry and
for aviation. The cloud and radiation observations are compared to forecasts
from the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) run operationally and developed by
the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). We develop
methods to evaluate the skill of the cloud and radiation forecasts. These
methods can potentially be extended to hundreds of sites globally. Over Helsinki, the measured global horizontal irradiance (GHI) is strongly
influenced by its northerly location and the annual variation in cloudiness.
Solar radiation forecast error is therefore larger in summer than in winter,
but the relative error in the solar radiation forecast is more or less
constant throughout the year. The mean overall bias in the GHI forecast is
positive (8 W m−2). The observed and forecast distributions in
cloud cover, at the spatial scales we are considering, are strongly skewed
towards clear-sky and overcast situations. Cloud cover forecasts show more
skill in winter when the cloud cover is predominantly overcast; in summer
there are more clear-sky and broken cloud situations. A negative bias was
found in forecast GHI for correctly forecast clear-sky cases and a positive
bias in correctly forecast overcast cases. Temporal averaging improved the
cloud cover forecast and hence decreased the solar radiation forecast error.
The positive bias seen in overcast situations occurs when the model cloud has
low values of liquid water path (LWP). We attribute this bias to the model
having LWP values that are too low or the model optical properties for
clouds with low LWP being incorrect.
ANÁLISE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DAS CHUVAS PERSISTENTES NA REGIÃO DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO RIO DOCE–PERD, SOB INFLUÊNCIAS DAS ZCAS E ZCOU (OUT/2015 A DEZ/2016)
Authors: Lima Jean Monteiro , Cupolillo Fulvio 
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os eventos de chuvas persistentes que ocorreram na região do Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD), para o período de outubro de 2015 a dezembro de 2016, por meio de elaboração de mapas decendiais de precipitações, com dados fornecidos das estações meteorológicas automáticas de Timóteo e Caratinga fornecidos pelo INMET e com o uso software ArcGIS 10.5. Assim, foi analisado o decêndio de cada mês, observando os maiores e menores índices totais pluviométricos bem como os eventos: Zona de Convergência da América do Sul (ZCAS) e Zona de Convergência de Umidade (ZCOU), que geraram as chuvas persistentes na região. Os resultados evidenciaram a estreita relação entre os eventos de ZCAS e ZCOU e catástrofes urbanas como enchentes e deslizamentos, ocorridos nos município do entorno do PERD, bem como demonstram a urgente e crescente necessidade do planejamento estratégico por parte do poder público e da população na organização do espaço geográfico de modo a evitar transtornos como a perda de vidas humanas, prejuízos materiais e danos ambientais, devido à influência destes mecanismos atmosféricos na gênese das chuvas persistentes e seus efeitos no Bioma Mata Atlântica e sistemas lacustres doPERD.
CLIMATOLOGIA DA PROFUNDIDADE ÓTICA E DEPENDÊNCIA ESPECTRAL DE AEROSSÓIS EM REGIÕES DE FLORESTA E CERRADO NO BRASIL
Authors: Menezes Jorge Almeida , Palácios Rafael Da Silva , De Menezes Evanízio Marinho , Nogueira José De Souza 
Published: February 2019

Aerossóis atmosféricos desempenham um papel importante no equilíbrio de energia do sistema Terra-atmosfera. Medidas de aerossóis foram realizadas em quatro sítios, dois em área de floresta (Rio Branco e Ji-Paraná) e dois em área de Cerrado (Cuiabá e Campo Grande), utilizando fotômetro solar da rede global AERONET. Dados de 5 anos permitiram classificar as propriedades óticas dos aerossóis, definindo a climatologia para cada sítio. Neste trabalho a profundidade óptica de aerossol (AOD 440nm) e expoente Angstrom, α(440-870), foram utilizados para a análise espectral de aerossol. Médias de AOD(440nm) para sítios de Cerrado foram, respectivamente, 0,29 (±0,40), 0,18(±0,24), com média correspondente de α 1,20(±0,39), 1,16(±0,36). Médias de AOD(440nm) para sítios de Floresta são, respectivamente, 0,85(±0,71), 0,35(±0,44), com média correspondente de α 1,38(±0,41), 1,40(±0,34). A AOD(440nm) tanto para regiões de Cerrado como de Floresta mostram picos distintos para estação seca e chuvosa, sendo que estão relacionados com padrões sazonais de aerossóis característicos dessas regiões. O α (440-870) apresentou modos de frequência que relacionam-se com os principais tipos de aerossóis presentes tanto em Cerrado como em Floresta. Um cenário principal de aerossóis foi definido como aerossóis oriundos de queima de biomassa, com forte influência de fontes locais de aerossóis poluídos. Mistura de aerossóis estão presentes, enquanto que poeira em suspensão tem uma ocorrência pouco relevante.
Prolégomènes à une sociologie du théâtre francophone en milieu minoritaire : le cas du champ théâtral franco-albertain des années 1980-1990
Authors: Rao Sathya , Gagné Learry 
Published: February 2019

L’objet de cet article est, dans un premier temps, de proposer une modélisation du champ théâtral francophone en contexte minoritaire fondée sur la sociologie de la culture de Pierre Bourdieu et les réflexions de Roger Parent et de François Paré. Dans un second temps, nous testerons ce modèle en l’appliquant au champ du théâtre francophone à Edmonton durant les années 1980 et 1990. Nous verrons que ce modèle se révèle particulièrement utile non seulement pour comprendre les tensions qui se font jour dans ce champ, mais également pour saisir les conditions d’émergence d’un théâtre dit « communautaire », dont on a tendance à croire qu’il a toujours existé.