bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical Bayes approach for learning directed acyclic graph using MCMC algorithm
Authors: Rezaei Tabar Vahid , Zareifard Hamid , Salimi Selva , Plewczynski Dariusz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne hypothetically well‐founded approach for learning a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) is to utilize the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. In the MCMC, the uniform noninformative priors on all of the possible graphs are considered. This brings about computational costs, making them impractical for learning the structure of DAGs with numerous variables. In this paper, we focus on the discrete variables and use the data information to restrict the space of possible graphs. This approach can be interpreted as an empirical Bayes paradigm. This means that we use an empirical Bayes approach to make zero prior probability of some possible graphs. For this purpose, we first estimate the potential neighbors using L1‐Regularized Markov Blanket and then determine the candidate causes for each variable by introducing a new criterion. This perspective makes it possible to reduce the search space in the process of the MCMC simulation. The results on the well‐known DAGs show that our method has higher accuracy. The source code is available athttp://bs.ipm.ac.ir/softwares/mcmccode.rar.
Effect of ‐OMe Substituent on Salicylaldehyde Schiff Base to Influence the Zn2+ Sensitivity and the Cancer Cell Line Imaging
Authors: Dey Sunanda , Pal Kunal , Jana Kuladip , Sinha Chittaranjan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFunctional group of a molecule monitors the chemical selectivity and the structure regulates the rate of the reaction. Thus, structure‐function relation controls the overall sensitivity of the chemosensor. In this work, three congeneric Schiff bases with common amine, 2,2/‐(propane‐1,2‐diylbis(oxy))dianiline with methoxy substituted Salicylaldehyde are synthesised and have been used to examine the selectivity and sensitivity to the metal ions in 9:1 (v/v) acetonitrile/water (10 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.4) medium. The probes display prominent fluorescence turn‐on emission when bonded with Zn2+ over sixteen other metal ions with very low limit of detection (LOD), 2.2 to 12.3 nM. Structure with bulkiness has low sensitivity to Zn2+ which may be due to steric crowding about the binding centres of the chelating motif. The selectivity for Zn2+ ion may ascribe to chelation enhancement of fluorescence (CHEF) effect. The probes are characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR, HR‐MS and elemental analysis. The metal: ligand ratio of the Zn(II)‐complexes follows 1:1 molar ratio and has been established by Job's plot, Benesi–Hildebrand plot and HR‐MS data. All the probes have been successfully applied to the detection of intracellular Zn2+ ion in Human liver cancer cell line, HepG2.
Sugarcane‐Based Photothermal Materials for Efficient Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Xiao Chaohu , Chen Lihua , Mu Peng , Jia Juan , Sun Hanxue , Zhu Zhaoqi , Liang Weidong , Li An 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSolar steam generation is a promising strategy for harvesting solar energy for diverse applications such as desalination and wastewater treatment. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of polypyrrole modified sugarcane (PPy‐SC) as efficient photothermal material for solar steam generation. The PPy‐SC possesses various close‐packed open channels in horizontal plane and super hydrophilic wettability which is beneficial for rapid transportation of water molecules. In combination with its abundant porosity (47%), low apparent density (80 mg cm−3), low thermal conductivity (0.042 W m−1 K−1), and broad light absorption (90%). The prepared PPy‐SC exhibits a high evaporation rate of 1.59 kg m−2 h−1 and conversion efficiency of 90.6%, under 1 sun irradiation. In addition, the PPy‐SC also shows good performance in desalination. With the merits of low‐cost, eco‐friendly, simple fabrication process, high solar energy conversion efficiency, the PPy‐SC shows great potential as an efficient photothermal material for solar steam generation.
Molecular Aptamer Beacons and Their Applications in Sensing, Imaging, and Diagnostics
Authors: Moutsiopoulou Angeliki , Broyles David , Dikici Emre , Daunert Sylvia , Deo Sapna K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ability to monitor types, concentrations, and activities of different biomolecules is essential to obtain information about the molecular processes within cells. Successful monitoring requires a sensitive and selective tool that can respond to these molecular changes. Molecular aptamer beacon (MAB) is a molecular imaging and detection tool that enables visualization of small or large molecules by combining the selectivity and sensitivity of molecular beacon and aptamer technologies. MAB design leverages structure switching and specific recognition to yield an optical on/off switch in the presence of the target. Various donor–quencher pairs such as fluorescent dyes, quantum dots, carbon‐based materials, and metallic nanoparticles have been employed in the design of MABs. In this work, the diverse biomedical applications of MAB technology are focused on. Different conjugation strategies for the energy donor–acceptor pairs are addressed, and the overall sensitivities of each detection system are discussed. The future potential of this technology in the fields of biomedical research and diagnostics is also highlighted.
Boosted Interfacial Polarization from Multishell TiO2@Fe3O4@PPy Heterojunction for Enhanced Microwave Absorption
Authors: Ding Jingjun , Wang Lei , Zhao Yunhao , Xing Linshen , Yu Xuefeng , Chen Guanyu , Zhang Jie , Che Renchao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCore@shell structures have been attracting extensive attention to boost microwave absorption (MA) performance due to the unique interfacial polarization. However, it still remains a challenge to synthesize sophisticated 1D semiconductor‐based materials with excellent MA competence. Herein, a hierarchical cable‐like TiO2@Fe3O4@PPy is fabricated by a sequential process of solvothermal treatment and polymerization. The complex permittivity of ternary composites can be optimized by tunable PPy coating thickness to improve the loss ability. The maximum reflection loss can reach −61.8 dB with a thickness of 3.2 mm while the efficient absorption bandwidth can achieve over 6.0 GHz, which involves the X and Ku band at only a 2.2 mm thickness. Importantly, the heterojunction contacts constructed by PPy–Fe3O4 and Fe3O4–TiO2 contribute to the enhanced polarization loss. Besides, the configuration of magnetic Fe3O4 sandwiched between dielectric TiO2 and PPy facilitates the magnetic stray field to radiate into the TiO2 core and out of the PPy shell, which significantly promotes magnetic–dielectric synergy. Electron holography validates the distinct charge distribution and magnetic coupling. The new findings might shed light on novel structures for functional core@shell composites and the design of semiconductor‐based materials for microwave absorption.
Increasing l-threonine production in Escherichia coli by overexpressing the gene cluster phaCAB
Authors: Wang Jianli , Ma Wenjian , Fang Yu , Yang Jun , Zhan Jie , Chen Shangwei , Wang Xiaoyuan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
l-Threonine is an important branched-chain amino acid and could be applied in feed, drugs, and food. In this study, l-threonine production in an l-threonine-producing Escherichia coli strain TWF001 was significantly increased by overexpressing the gene cluster phaCAB from Ralstonia eutropha. TWF001/pFW01-phaCAB could produce 96.4-g/L l-threonine in 3-L fermenter and 133.5-g/L l-threonine in 10-L fermenter, respectively. In addition, TWF001/pFW01-phaCAB produced 216% more acetyl-CoA, 43% more malate, and much less acetate than the vector control TWF001/pFW01, and meanwhile, TWF001/pFW01-phaCAB produced poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, while TWF001/pFW01 did not. Transcription analysis showed that the key genes in the l-threonine biosynthetic pathway were up-regulated, the genes relevant to the acetate formation were down-regulated, and the gene acs encoding the enzyme which converts acetate to acetyl-CoA was up-regulated. The results suggested that overexpression of the gene cluster phaCAB in E. coli benefits the enhancement of l-threonine production.
Monetary easing policy and stable growth: a theoretic approach
Authors: Shimizu Yoshinori 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAfter the 2008 global financial crisis, the regulatory tightening, coupled with the spontaneous reaction of financial institutions to avoid risks, prevented increases in money supply in circulation even under the large-scale reserve supply. The reason of non-achieved 2% inflation target is attributable to such factors as, the increasing Marshallian K, the reluctance of financial institutions to give loans to small and medium firms, the weak loan demand, and the permanent income decline stems from the public concern on Japan’s fiscal crisis. The 2% inflation under the balanced budget principle as a long-run target over a half century is the only practical solution for the fiscal crisis, by halving the real burden of the government debts in 33 years. Constitutionalizing the 2% inflation target is a way to enhance the public confidence towards the future and boost the consumption. The negative interest rate policy adversely affected money supply increase, since it is practically a tax on financial institutions which narrows their profit margins, depriving the capacity of risk taking from them. As money supply in circulation cannot be controlled by the BOJ only, closer collaboration among government agencies such as the MOF and the FSA are required to promote financial institution’s growth money supply. Enhancing the growth rate is Japan’s policy objective of the top priority. The role of monetary policy is to prepare a foreseeable future with a stable value of money to promote technical progress as the source of the growth. The key to promote stable growth is opening profit opportunities to challengers to new technologies. The barrier for Japan’s growth is the vested interests built on the old technologies which slows down political decisions to change regulations. The right growth strategy is to destroy the vested interests built on old technologies through prompt deregulation, promote free and open competition, and provide profit opportunities to challengers to new technologies.
The Patient in Free Movement Law: Medical History, Diagnosis, and Prognosis
Authors: VAN LEEUWEN Barend 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFree movement of patients has been criticised from the moment that the first patient cases reached the Court of Justice of the European Union (‘CJEU’). The moving patient supposedly increases consumerism, reduces national solidarity, and has a negative impact on the quality of healthcare provided in some Member States. This article challenges the empirical foundations of such criticisms. An empirical analysis of all patient cases before the CJEU shows that a significant number of patients required urgent treatment, that their medical condition was life-threatening, and that they were supported by their treating doctor in seeking treatment in another Member State. Moreover, free movement of patient cases regularly lead to positive changes to national healthcare systems. Therefore, the negative attitude towards free movement of patients should be reconsidered. Patients, doctors, and lawyers must think more strategically about how free movement can be used to improve the quality of healthcare in the EU.
Impact of health insurance status on surgical site infection incidence: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Duggan Brian T. , Roth Jan A. , Dangel Marc , Battegay Manuel , Widmer Andreas F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHealth insurance status may affect the risk for surgical site infection (SSI). A large prospective cohort study in a Swiss tertiary-care hospital did not find evidence of a difference in SSI risk in individuals with basic versus semiprivate or private insurance in a setting with universal health insurance coverage.
Deformation and Bubble Entrapment of Free Surface Before Axisymmetric Bodies Detaching From Water Fully
Authors: Song X. , Wu Q. G. , Ni B. Y. , Chen H. L. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTExperiments are presented on the deformation of free surface induced by water exit of axisymmetric bodies, particular at the moment before body detaching from water. A set of experimental apparatus is designed to provide driving force for the bodies. A high-speed camera is adopted to capture the motion and deformation of the free surface. Bodies of various shapes, including a stretched spheroid, a sphere, a circular cone and a combination of cylinder and circular cone, are lifted out of water with different velocities, by using a straight rod attached on the top of models. It is found that free-surface deformation is affected by the moving velocity a lot. Three wake flow or free-surface spike patterns are generated corresponding to different velocities. When the velocity is larger than a critical velocity, cavitation incepts and bubble is entrapped inside the water spike, which changes the flow pattern and shape of the spike. It is aimed to explore the spike phenomenon of free surface and explain the reasons behind it.
Affective registers of postcolonial crisis: the Kampala Tank Hill party
Authors: Taylor Edgar Curtis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA drinking party in 1963 precipitated a crisis over newly independent Uganda's sovereignty and the respectability of a new postcolonial ruling elite. Under Kampala's multiracial veneer in the early 1960s lurked bawdy British youth culture and radical African youth politics. When Europeans at a party in the elite suburb of Tank Hill allegedly mocked African aspirations for urban respectability and political sovereignty, UPC (Uganda Peoples Congress) Youth Wing activists used the affair to elicit public expressions of anger at the collusion of conservative politicians and racist former colonizers. Prime Minister Milton Obote attempted to channel that anger into nationalist unity but soon found common cause with British diplomats in expelling intemperate youth from Uganda's governing bureaucracy. The affair points to both the power and the limits of the affective politics of decolonization as well as the relationship between youth wings and the politics of respectability in early postcolonial Africa.
Cooperation in the midst of violence: land deals and cattle raids in Narok and Laikipia, Kenya
Authors: Gravesen Marie Ladekjær , Kioko Eric Mutisya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhat drives the formation of ties and networks in ethnically hybrid spaces despite the occurrence of conflict? We approach this question by examining the actors involved, the institutions affected, and the economic and environmental contexts surrounding such tendencies. This study explores socially thick arrangements between Maasai and Kikuyu in Narok and their role in the non-violent use of formerly contested lands. In Laikipia, we examine how young Samburu and Kikuyu cooperate in a dangerous yet economically beneficial network involving cattle-rustling ventures. We revisit the history of land settlement in Kenya's Rift Valley, particularly in the study areas of Narok and Laikipia, and show how access and settlement rights to land are negotiated peacefully, encouraging ethnic assimilation and cooperative social and economic relations. Based on this context and the exploration of our case studies, we argue that the formation of alliances in multi-ethnic settings tends to override other identities when mutual benefits drive such associations.
Agrarian reforms in Africa 1980–2016: solution or evolution of the agrarian question?
Authors: Martín Víctor O. Martín , Darias Luis M. Jerez , Fernández Carlos S. Martín 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe first period of agrarian reforms with clear state control over the land (African socialisms) took place between 1945 and 1980, but then a second period started in which market agrarian reforms have prevailed. This work synthesizes agrarian structural reform policies (property systems and land tenure) between 1980 and 2016 in African countries, especially those that had or have bureaucratic bourgeoisie governments (one-party and/or African socialist). The two periods are complementary, rather then being opposed to each other, as state agrarian reforms smoothed the path to market agrarian reforms. Although there is not yet sufficient empirical research on the results of the agrarian reforms implemented during this period, our hypothesis is that they are helping to: increase the unequal structure of property; develop tenure systems and non-capitalist contractual labour relations in new ways, both non-associative (the grabbing of vast tracts of land) and associative (renewed control of customary lands by traditional authorities); and force peasant expropriation and the subsequent increase in the number of landless non-proletarianized peasants. Therefore, the problem of poor agrarian structures in Africa is still unresolved.
Two boundedness criteria for a class of operators on Musielak–Orlicz Hardy spaces and applications
Authors: Qiu Xiaoli , Li Baode , Liu Xiong , Li Bo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLet φ : ℝn × [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) satisfy that φ(x, · ), for any given x ∈ ℝn, is an Orlicz function and φ( · , t) is a Muckenhoupt A∞ weight uniformly in t ∈ (0, ∞). The (weak) Musielak–Orlicz Hardy space Hφ(ℝn) (WHφ(ℝn)) generalizes both the weighted (weak) Hardy space and the (weak) Orlicz Hardy space and hence has wide generality. In this paper, two boundedness criteria for both linear operators and positive sublinear operators from Hφ(ℝn) to Hφ(ℝn) or from Hφ(ℝn) to WHφ(ℝn) are obtained. As applications, we establish the boundedness of Bochner–Riesz means from Hφ(ℝn) to Hφ(ℝn), or from Hφ(ℝn) to WHφ(ℝn) in the critical case. These results are new even when φ(x, t): = Φ(t) for all (x, t) ∈ ℝn × [0, ∞), where Φ is an Orlicz function.
Benefits of pre-labyrinthectomy intratympanic gentamicin: contralateral vestibular responses
Authors: Amiraraghi N , Gaggini M , Crowther J A , Locke R , Taylor W , Kontorinis G 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of pre-operative intratympanic gentamicin injection on the recovery of patients undergoing translabyrinthine resection of vestibular schwannomas.MethodsThis prospective, case–control pilot study included eight patients undergoing surgical labyrinthectomy, divided into two groups: four patients who received pre-operative intratympanic gentamicin and four patients who did not. The post-operative six-canal video head impulse test responses and length of in-patient stay were assessed.ResultsThe average length of stay was shorter for patients who received intratympanic gentamicin (6.75 days; range, 6–7 days) than for those who did not (9.5 days; range, 8–11 days) (p = 0.0073). Additionally, the gentamicin group had normal post-operative video head impulse test responses in the contralateral ear, while the non-gentamicin group did not.ConclusionPre-operative intratympanic gentamicin improves the recovery following vestibular schwannoma resection, eliminating, as per the video head impulse test, the impact of labyrinthectomy on the contralateral labyrinth.
A Home of One's Own The Philosophy in Roger Scruton's Literary Writings
Authors: Gescinska Alicja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractApart from being a prolific philosopher, Roger Scruton is also an accomplished writer of novels, poems, short stories, libretti and literary memoirs. In this article I will explore how Scruton's literary writings relate to his philosophy. I shall argue that one concept, pivotal to Scruton's philosophy, is also a main Leitmotiv of his literary work: home. The longing to be at home in the world is integral to our human nature. Several phenomena, as Scruton shows in his philosophy and literary works, are indispensable in order for us to be able to fulfil the desire to belong: beauty, oikophilia, and the ability to engage with each other as persons.
Phonetic and phonological effects of tonal information in the segmentation of Korean speech: An artificial-language segmentation study
Authors: Tremblay Annie , Cho Taehong , Kim Sahyang , Shin Seulgi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigates how the fine-grained phonetic realization of tonal cues impacts speech segmentation when the cues signal the same word boundary in the native and unfamiliar languages but do so differently. Korean listeners use the phrase-final high (H) tone and the phrase-initial low (L) tone to segment speech into words (Kim, Broersma, &amp; Cho, 2012; Kim &amp; Cho, 2009), but it is unclear how the alignment of the phrase-final H tone and the scaling of the phrase-initial L tone modulate their speech segmentation. Korean listeners completed three artificial-language (AL) tasks (within-subject): (a) one AL without tonal cues; (b) one AL with later-aligned phrase-final H cues (non-Korean-like); and (c) one AL with earlier-aligned phrase-final H cues (Korean-like). Three groups of Korean listeners heard (b) and (c) in three phrase-initial L scaling conditions (between-subject): high (non-Korean-like), mid (non-Korean-like), or low (Korean-like). Korean listeners’ segmentation improved as the L tone was lowered, and (b) enhanced segmentation more than (c) in the high- and mid-scaling conditions. We propose that Korean listeners tune in to low-level cues (the greater H-to-L slope in [b]) that conform to the Korean intonational grammar when the phrase-initial L tone is not canonical phonologically.
Alaska Native Elders’ Perspectives on Physical Activity and Successful Aging
Authors: Brooks-Cleator Lauren A. , Lewis Jordan P. 
Published: July 2019

RÉSUMÉL’activité physique est généralement considérée comme un facteur contribuant de façon significative au vieillissement réussi d’une personne. Certains groupes n’ont cependant pas été suffisamment représentés dans les discussions sur l’activité physique et le vieillissement, particulièrement ceux provenant d’horizons culturels différents. Dans cet article, nous explorons comment les aînés autochtones de l’Alaska perçoivent le rôle de l’activité physique au cours de leur vieillissement et la contribution de l’activité physique au vieillissement réussi. Les entretiens semi-structurés menés auprès de 41 aînés ont montré que l’activité physique n’était pas seulement perçue comme une responsabilité personnelle en vue du maintien d’une bonne santé lors du vieillissement, mais aussi comme un moyen de résister à l’opinion répandue voulant que les personnes âgées soient dans une phase de déclin. Pour ces aînés, être physiquement actif, peu importe l’âge, était vu comme un moyen pour améliorer ou maintenir leur état physique, mental, émotionnel ou spirituel, et permettrait de participer aux activités de subsistance qui sont rattachées à leur culture et aux rôles ancestraux qui leur sont reconnus.