bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How can Big Data and machine learning benefit environment and water management: a survey of methods, applications, and future directions
Authors: Sun Alexander Y , Scanlon Bridget R 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Big Data and machine learning (ML) technologies have the potential to impact many facets of environment and water management (EWM). Big Data are information assets characterized by high volume, velocity, variety, and veracity. Fast advances in high-resolution remote sensing techniques, smart information and communication technologies, and social media have contributed to the proliferation of Big Data in many EWM fields, such as weather forecasting, disaster management, smart water and energy management systems, and remote sensing. Big Data brings about new opportunities for data-driven discovery in EWM, but it also requires new forms of information processing, storage, retrieval, as well as analytics. ML, a subdomain of artificial intelligence (AI), refers broadly to computer algorithms that can automatically learn from data. ML may help unlock the power of Big Data if properly integrated with data analytics. Recent breakthroughs in AI and computing infrastructure have led to the fast development of powerful deep learning (DL) algorithms that can extract hierarchical features from data, with better predictive performance and less human intervention. Collectively Big Data and ML techniques have shown great potential for data-driven decision making, scientific discovery, and process optimization. These technological advances may greatly benefit EWM, especially because (1) many EWM applications (e.g. early flood warning) require the capability to extract useful information from a large amount of data in autonomous manner and in real time, (2) EWM researches have become highly multidisciplinary, and handling the ever increasing data volume/types using the traditional workflow is simply not an option, and last but not least, (3) the current theoretical knowledge about many EWM processes is still incomplete, but which may now be complemented through data-driven discovery. A large number of applications on Big Data and ML have already appeared in the EWM literature in recent years. The purposes of this survey are to (1) examine the potential and benefits of data-driven research in EWM, (2) give a synopsis of key concepts and approaches in Big Data and ML, (3) provide a systematic review of current applications, and finally (4) discuss major issues and challenges, and recommend future research directions. EWM includes a broad range of research topics. Instead of attempting to survey each individual area, this review focuses on areas of nexus in EWM, with an emphasis on elucidating the potential benefits of increased data availability and predictive analytics to improving the EWM research.
Design of a freeform uniformity corrector lens for extended sources in elliptical reflectors
Authors: Rausch Denise , Herkommer Alois M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Illumination design usually requires the collection of a large solid angle of radiation from the light source. However, it is known that elliptical reflectors in combination with extended uniform light sources result in a non-uniform irradiance profile at the secondary focus. Within this paper we propose a design method based on phase space transformations, which includes the source extension from the very beginning. We show that an analysis of the local mapping of the source to the target radiance distribution allows a profound understanding of the effects and in consequence a design concept for an additional freeform lens to correct the uniformity at the secondary focus.
Trans-National Adaptations of the Church Mouse, a Cross-Class Office Romance of the Early 1930s
Authors: Sharot Stephen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA Hungarian play, A Templom Egere (The Church Mouse), first performed in 1927, was adapted across nations on stage and for three film versions: the German Arm wie eine kirchenmaus (Poor as a Church Mouse, 1931), an American, Beauty and the Boss (1932), and a British, The Church Mouse (1934). All versions fuse a Cinderella theme with the prevalent discourse of the period on stenographers and secretaries as sexual attractions or as machines, identified with the typewriter, but the versions differ with respect to the heroine’s transformation from machine to alluring female and in their film styles, particularly in the extent and ways they ‘open-up’ the play.
Identification of differentially expressed gene sets using the Generalized Berk–Jones statistic
Authors: Gaynor Sheila M , Sun Ryan , Lin Xihong , Quackenbush John 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Cancer genomics studies frequently aim to identify genes that are differentially expressed between clinically distinct patient subgroups, generally by testing single genes one at a time. However, the results of any individual transcriptomic study are often not fully reproducible. A particular challenge impeding statistical analysis is the difficulty of distinguishing between differential expression comprising part of the genomic disease etiology and that induced by downstream effects. More robust analytical approaches that are well-powered to detect potentially causative genes, are less prone to discovering spurious associations, and can deliver reproducible findings across different studies are needed.

Results
We propose a set-based procedure for testing of differential expression and show that this set-based approach can produce more robust results by aggregating information across multiple, correlated genomic markers. Specifically, we adapt the Generalized Berk–Jones statistic to test for the transcription factors that may contribute to the progression of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. We demonstrate the ability of our method to produce reproducible findings by applying the same analysis to 21 publicly available datasets, producing a similar list of significant transcription factors across most studies. Our Generalized Berk–Jones approach produces results that show improved consistency over three set-based testing algorithms: Generalized Higher Criticism, Gene Set Analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis.

Availability and implementation
Data are in the MetaGxBreast R package. Code is available at github.com/ryanrsun/gaynor_sun_GBJ_breast_cancer.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Behaviour and neuropathology in mice injected with human contactin-associated protein 2 antibodies
Authors: Giannoccaro Maria Pia , Menassa David A , Jacobson Leslie , Coutinho Ester , Prota Gennaro , Lang Bethan , Leite M Isabel , Cerundolo Vincenzo , Liguori Rocco , Vincent Angela 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Serum antibodies that bind to the surface of neurons or glia are associated with a wide range of rare but treatable CNS diseases. In many, if not most instances, the serum levels are higher than CSF levels yet most of the reported attempts to reproduce the human disease in mice have used infusion of antibodies into the mouse cerebral ventricle(s) or intrathecal space. We used the intraperitoneal route and injected purified plasma IgG from either a CASPR2-antibody-positive patient (n = 10 mice) or healthy individual (n = 9 mice) daily for 8 days. Lipopolysaccharide was injected intraperitoneally on Day 3 to cause a temporary breach in the blood brain barrier. A wide range of baseline behaviours, including tests of locomotion, coordination, memory, anxiety and social interactions, were established before the injections and tested from Day 5 until Day 11. At termination, brain tissue was analysed for human IgG, CASPR2 and c-fos expression, lymphocyte infiltration, and neuronal, astrocytic and microglial markers. Mice exposed to CASPR2-IgG, compared with control-IgG injected mice, displayed reduced working memory during the continuous spontaneous alternation test with trends towards reduced short-term and long-term memories. In the open field tests, activities were not different from controls, but in the reciprocal social interaction test, CASPR2-IgG injected mice showed longer latency to start interacting, associated with more freezing behaviour and reduced non-social activities of rearing and grooming. At termination, neuropathology showed more IgG deposited in the brains of CASPR2-IgG injected mice, but a trend towards increased CASPR2 expression; these results were mirrored in short-term in vitro experiments where CASPR2-IgG binding to hippocampal neurons and to CASPR2-transfected HEK cells led to some internalization of the IgG, but with a trend towards higher surface CASPR2 expression. Despite these limited results, in the CASPR2-IgG injected mouse brains there was increased c-fos expression in the piriform-entorhinal cortex and hypothalamus, and a modest loss of Purkinje cells. There was also increased microglia density, morphological changes in both microglia and astrocytes and raised complement C3 expression on astrocytes, all consistent with glial activation. Patients with CASPR2 antibodies can present with a range of clinical features reflecting central, autonomic and peripheral dysfunction. Although the behavioural changes in mice were limited to social interactions and mild working-memory defects, the neuropathological features indicate potentially widespread effects of the antibodies on different brain regions.
Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke After Treatment of Infective Endocarditis: A Danish, Nationwide, Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Klein Christine Falk , Gørtz Sanne , Wohlfahrt Jan , Nørgaard Munch Tina , Melbye Mads , Bundgaard Henning , Iversen Kasper Karmark 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Several studies have reported a high risk of ischemic stroke (IS) during the acute phase of infective endocarditis (IE). The long-term risk of IS after IE, however, is not fully illuminated.

Methods
This Danish, nationwide, register-based, propensity score–matched cohort study used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of IS for persons with vs without a history of left-sided IE, from 1977 to 2015.

Results
We followed 9312 patients exposed to a first-time IE and 91 996 nonexposed, matched control persons. Compared to persons without IE, patients with a history of IE had a significantly increased risk of IS; the risk was highest during the first 4 weeks after IE diagnosis (HR 57.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 45.58–71.78; P &lt; .0001) and a moderately elevated risk persisted until 2 years after IE (4 weeks to 3 months after IE, HR 5.40, 95% CI 4.11–7.19; 3 months to 2 years after IE, HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.48–2.01). Mediation analyses showed that the higher risk of IS the first 2 years after IE could not be explained by atrial fibrillation (AF) or inserted mechanical valves in IE patients. In the period from 4 weeks to 3 months after IE diagnosis, patients treated with anticoagulative therapy had a lower risk of IS (HR 0.30, 95% CI .10–0.96; P = .04).

Conclusions
Patients with a history of IE had an increased risk of IS for up to 2 years after IE diagnosis. The increased risk was unrelated to AF and inserted mechanical valves. During the initial phase after IE, patients taking an anticoagulative medication had a lower risk of IS.
Acute kidney injury calculated using admission serum creatinine underestimates 30-day and 1-year mortality after acute stroke
Authors: Arnold Julia , Sims Don , Gill Paramjit , Cockwell Paul , Ferro Charles 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) diagnosis requires ascertainment of change from a known baseline. Although pre-admission serum creatinine (SCr) is recommended, to date, all studies of AKI in acute stroke have used the first SCr on admission.MethodsAll patients admitted with an acute stroke to an emergency hospital were recruited. We compared use of pre-admission SCr with admission SCr to diagnose AKI. Regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for 30-day and 1-year mortality, respectively.ResultsA total of 1354 patients were recruited from December 2012 to September 2015. Incidence of AKI was 18.7 and 19.9% using pre-admission SCr and admission SCr, respectively. Diagnosis of AKI was associated with significantly increased 30-day and 1-year mortality. Diagnosis of AKI using pre-admission SCr had a stronger relationship with both 30-day and 1-year mortality. In 443 patients with a pre-admission SCr and at least two SCr during admission, AKI diagnosed using pre-admission SCr had a stronger relationship than AKI diagnosed using admission SCr with 30-day mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 2.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36–5.12; P = 0.004 versus OR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.09–4.03; P = 0.026] and 1-year mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.90, 95% CI 1.32–2.76; P = 0.001 versus HR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.01–2.15; P = 0.046] in fully adjusted models.ConclusionsAKI after stroke is common and is associated with increased 30-day and 1-year mortality. Using first SCr on admission gives a comparable AKI incidence to pre-admission SCr, but underestimates 30-day and 1-year mortality risk.
The Ugly Truth: Abject Corporeality as Political Authenticity
Authors: Shugart Helene A 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this article, I argue that, as materialized in the figures of current U.S. President Donald Trump and immediate past New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, a culturally resonant variant of political authenticity has become aligned with the corporeally abject. In a climate in which conventional cornerstones of political comportment have become suspect, the corporeal abject has become a marker of authenticity, material evidence of resistance to perceived “politics as usual.” Moreover, mediated coverage of Trump and Christie that turns on their corporeal abjection to the end of critique augments and sediments this effect; fetishizing the grotesque corporeal features of Trump and Christie effectively serves to secure their relative “realness” and their concomitant distance from the artifice and deceit against which a disaffected public draws itself. This analysis prompts a theoretical reconsideration of relationships between abjection, subjectivity, and relative privilege and the role and relevance of the body in mediating those relationships.
Scimitar sign in the absence of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: a case report
Authors: Manso Paulo Henrique , Moreira Valéria de Melo , Aiello Vera Demarchi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Scimitar syndrome consists of anomalous pulmonary vein drainage to the inferior vena cava. Its name derives from the image this anomalous pulmonary vein creates on a chest radiograph. We describe a case of normal venous pulmonary vein drainage that also presented the scimitar sign due to an aorto-collateral vessel.

Case summary
A 15-month-old girl presented with mild dyspnoea and fever. Control chest X-ray showed an image of cardiac dextroposition, hypoplastic right lung, and the ‘scimitar sign’. Although the transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed the initial suspicion of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, the computed tomography (CT) scan showed normal right pulmonary veins connected to the left atrium and revealed that an aorto-collateral vessel caused the scimitar sign.

Discussion
Although the patient had several typical alterations of the scimitar syndrome, the pulmonary venous connection was normal, and the scimitar sign was due to an aorto-collateral vessel. It might be difficult to describe venous pulmonary connections on the basis of echocardiography, so an angio CT scan proved to be a valuable tool in this scenario.
The effects of continuity of care on the health of mother and child in the postnatal period: a systematic review
Authors: D’haenens Florence , Van Rompaey Bart , Swinnen Eva , Dilles Tinne , Beeckman Katrien 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Continuity of care (COC) is essential for high-quality patient care in the perinatal period. Insights in the effects of COC models on patient outcomes are important to direct perinatal healthcare organization. To our knowledge, no previous review has listed the effects of COC on the physical and mental health of mother and child in the postnatal period.

Methods
A search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Web of Knowledge, CENTRAL and CINAHL), from 2000 to 2018. Studies were included if: participants were healthy mothers or newborns with a gestational age between 37–42 weeks; they covered the perinatal period and aimed to measure breastfeeding or any outcome related to the maternal/newborn physical or mental health. At least one of the three COC types (management, informational and relationship) was identified in the intervention. The methodological quality was assessed.

Results
Ten articles were included. COC is mostly present in the identified care models. The effects of COC on the outcomes of mother and child in the postnatal period seem mostly to be positive, although not always significant. The relation between COC and the outcomes can be influenced by confounding factors, like the socio-economic status of the included population. Interventions with COC during pregnancy appear to be more effective for all the studied outcome factors.

Conclusion
COC as management, relational and informational continuity starting antenatal has the most impact on the postnatal outcomes of mother and child.
Consensus control of singular multi-agent systems based on iterative learning approach
Authors: Gu Panpan , Tian Senping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the iterative learning control technique is applied for singular multi-agent systems to perform consensus tracking. Here, the communication among the followers is described by a directed graph, and only a portion of the followers can receive the leader’s information. Based on the equivalent restrict decomposition form of singular agents, a unified distributed learning algorithm is proposed in both continuous-time domain and discrete-time domain. Furthermore, the convergence condition of the algorithm is presented and analyzed. It is shown that the algorithm can guarantee the states of the followers converge to the leader’s trajectory on a finite time interval along the iteration axis. Finally, two simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
What is the digestibility and caloric value of different botanical parts in corn residue to cattle?1
Authors: Petzel Emily A , Titgemeyer Evan C , Smart Alexander J , Hales Kristin E , Foote Andrew P , Acharya Subash , Bailey Eric A , Held Jeffrey E , Brake Derek W 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to measure rates of ruminal disappearance, and energy and nutrient availability and N balance among cows fed corn husks, leaves, or stalks. Ruminal disappearance was estimated after incubation of polyester bags containing husks, leaves or stalks in 2 separate ruminally cannulated cows in a completely randomized design. Organic matter (OM) that initially disappeared was greatest for stalks and least for husks and leaves (P < 0.01), but amounts of NDF that initially disappeared was greatest for husks, intermediate for stalks, and least for leaves (P < 0.01). Amounts of DM and OM that slowly disappeared were greatest in husks, intermediate in leaves, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). However, amounts of NDF that slowly disappeared were greatest in leaves, intermediate in husks, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). Rate of DM and OM disappearance was greater for leaves, intermediate for husks and least for stalks, but rate of NDF disappearance was greatest for stalks, intermediate for leaves, and least for husks (P < 0.01). Energy and nutrient availability in husks, leaves, or stalks were measured by feeding ruminally cannulated cows husk-, leaf-, or stalk-based diets in a replicated Latin square. Digestible energy lost as methane was less (P = 0.02) when cows were fed leaves in comparison to husks or stalks, and metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg DM) was greater (P = 0.03) when cows were fed husks and leaves compared with stalks. Heat production (Mcal/d) was not different (P = 0.74) between husks, leaves, or stalks; however, amounts of heat produced as a proportion of digestible energy intake were less (P = 0.05) among cows fed leaves in comparison to stalks or husks. Subsequently, there was a tendency (P = 0.06) for net energy available for maintenance from leaves (1.42 Mcal/kg DM) to be greater than stalks (0.91 Mcal/kg DM), and husks (1.30 Mcal/kg DM) were intermediate. Nitrogen balance was greater when cows were fed leaves, intermediate for husks, and least for stalks (P = 0.01). Total tract digestion of NDF was greater (P < 0.01) for husks and leaves compared with stalks. Husks had greater (P = 0.04) OM digestibility in comparison to stalks, and leaves were intermediate. Apparently, greater production of methane from husks in comparison to leaves limited amounts of energy available for maintenance from husks even though total-tract nutrient digestion was greatest when cows were fed husks or leaves.
Amputation Following Burn Injury
Authors: Bartley Colleen N , Atwell Kenisha , Purcell Laura , Cairns Bruce , Charles Anthony 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAmputation following burn injury is rare. Previous studies describe the risk of amputation after electrical burn injuries. Therefore, we describe the distribution of amputations and evaluate risk factors for amputation following burn injury at a large regional burn center. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients ≥17 years admitted from January 2002 to December 2015. Patients who did and did not undergo an amputation procedure were compared. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the risk factors for amputation. Amputations were further categorized by extremity location and type (major, minor) for comparison. Of the 8313 patients included for analysis, 1.4% had at least one amputation (n = 119). Amputees were older (46.7 ± 17.4 years) than nonamputees (42.6 ± 16.8 years; P = .009). The majority of amputees were white (47.9%) followed by black (39.5%) when compared with nonamputees (white: 57.1%, black: 27.3%; P = .012). The most common burn etiology for amputees was flame (41.2%) followed by electrical (23.5%) and other (21.9%). Black race (odds ratio [OR]: 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–4.30; P = .010), electric (OR: 13.54; 95% CI: 6.23–29.45; P < .001) and increased %TBSA (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.05; P < .001) were associated with amputation. Burn etiology, the presence of preexisting comorbidities, black race, and increased %TBSA increase the odds of post burn injury. The role of race on the risk of amputation requires further study.
Resistance to Medical Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Longoni Chiara , Bonezzi Andrea , Morewedge Carey K 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare, but little is known about consumer receptivity to AI in medicine. Consumers are reluctant to utilize healthcare provided by AI in real and hypothetical choices, separate and joint evaluations. Consumers are less likely to utilize healthcare (study 1), exhibit lower reservation prices for healthcare (study 2), are less sensitive to differences in provider performance (studies 3A–3C), and derive negative utility if a provider is automated rather than human (study 4). Uniqueness neglect, a concern that AI providers are less able than human providers to account for consumers’ unique characteristics and circumstances, drives consumer resistance to medical AI. Indeed, resistance to medical AI is stronger for consumers who perceive themselves to be more unique (study 5). Uniqueness neglect mediates resistance to medical AI (study 6), and is eliminated when AI provides care (a) that is framed as personalized (study 7), (b) to consumers other than the self (study 8), or (c) that only supports, rather than replaces, a decision made by a human healthcare provider (study 9). These findings make contributions to the psychology of automation and medical decision making, and suggest interventions to increase consumer acceptance of AI in medicine.