bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferrocenyl hetaryl thioketones: A computational study of their conformational stability
Authors: Matczak Piotr , Mlostoń Grzegorz , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, the conformational behavior of ferrocenyl‐ and hetaryl‐functionalized thioketones was studied by means of computational quantum chemical methods. Four hetaryl substituents (furan‐2‐yl, thiophen‐2‐yl, selenophen‐2‐yl, and N‐methylpyrrol‐2‐yl) were taken into account. The conformational space of the four ferrocenyl hetaryl thioketones was explored, and all found conformers were characterized using density functional (B3LYP) and wave function (SCS‐MP2) theories. Their stability was explained in terms of intramolecular interactions. Such interactions were described using the methods of natural bond orbitals, “atoms in molecules,” noncovalent interaction index, and localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis. The identified conformations essentially differ in the arrangement of hetaryl heteroatom relative to the thiocarbonyl sulfur atom. The furan‐2‐yl substituent favors an s‐trans‐like arrangement of its heteroatom, while the remaining hetaryl substituents tend to adopt an s‐cis‐like arrangement. Such a conformational preference mainly results from the π → π* stabilization between the CS group and the hetaryl ring. Weak intramolecular hydrogen bonding of CH⋯O type was detected in the preferred conformer of ferrocenyl furan‐2‐yl thioketone. Low‐polarity solvents, such as toluene, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran, have a small effect on the preferred conformers of the four thioketones.
Quantum measurements and thermodynamics
Authors: Bracken Paul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThermodynamics was developed when it was still unclear whether the microworld had an atomic substructure. The objective here is to investigate the relationship between the process of a quantum measurement and the second law of thermodynamics. It is necessary to make the ideas of heat and work explicit in this approach. It is possible to study the correspondence between information entropy and thermodynamic entropy. Finally, a model is proposed in such a way as to resemble an experimental example for the discussion.
Safety profile and oncological outcomes of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) robotic resection: Single center experience
Authors: Maggioni Cristina , Shida Atsuo , Mancini Raffaello , Ioni Luigi , Pernazza Graziano 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough usefulness of robot assisted surgery has been largely reported and accepted, robot assisted gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) treatment is rare. Hence, the aim of this study is to report a single center evaluation on gastric GIST's robotic resection.MethodsSix patients were analyzed focusing on safe (conversion/complications rate, hospital stay), oncological (margin resection, recurrence rate), and feasible (operative time, technical tip, and tricks) profile of robotic‐assisted GIST surgery.ResultsThe mean operative time and hospital stay was 173 ± 39 minutes and 3 ± 1 days, respectively. The conversion rate (to open or laparoscopy) was nil, and no intra and postoperative (mean follow‐up 12 months) complications were registered. In all cases, the resections were classified as R0.ConclusionsThis study supports the usefulness of robotic‐assisted surgery, as the anatomical hand‐sewn reconstruction might avoid the stomach distortion, and the oncological (100% R0) and safety profile outcomes encourage its use. However, further studies with larger sample size are recommended to confirm the outcomes of this study.
Accuracy of the robot‐assisted procedure in deep brain stimulation
Authors: Goia Alice , Gilard Vianney , Lefaucheur Romain , Welter Marie‐Laure , Maltête David , Derrey Stephane 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe use of a robot‐assisted technology becomes very competitive. The aim of this work was to define the accuracy of robotic assistance in deep brain stimulation surgery and to compare results with that in the literature.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the accuracy of lead implantation in 24 consecutive patients who had robot‐assisted (ROSA, Zimmer‐Biomet) surgery for the treatment of movement disorders. Intended stereotactic coordinates (x, y, z) of contact 0 (the most distal contact at the tip of the electrode) of each definitive lead were compared with actual coordinates obtained by a postoperative CT scan. For each lead, the euclidian 3D distance between the actual and intended location of contact 0 was calculated.ResultsThe euclidian 3D distances between the intended and actual location of the contact 0 were 0.81 mm on the right side and 1.12 mm on the left side.DiscussionRobot‐assisted technology for stereotactic surgery is safe and accurate. The association with a 3D flat‐panel CT scan is an optimized procedure for deep intracranial electrode implantation.
Ethylene Biosynthesis, Signaling, and Crosstalk with Other Hormones in Rice
Authors: Zhou Yang , Xiong Qing , Yin Cui‐Cui , Ma Biao , Chen Shou‐Yi , Zhang Jin‐Song 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEthylene is a multifunctional hormone involved in regulating plant development, conferring adaptive growth, and responding to biotic/abiotic stresses. Rice is a monocotyledonous crop and usually grows in water environments with some unique features. Here, ethylene biosynthesis, signaling, and interaction with other hormones in rice are summarized and discussed in comparison to those from Arabidopsis and/or other plants. Ethylene biosynthesis in rice responds to internal developmental signals and external stimuli such as grain filling, leaf senescence, darkness, mechanical resistance, hypoxia, chill, salt stress, and metal ions. Gene expression regulation in ethylene biosynthesis pathway shows time and spatial specificity. Through mutant analysis and homologue analysis, an ethylene signaling pathway is proposed in rice, and conserved components/mechanisms as well as new components/mechanisms are identified. Ethylene widely interacts with other hormones in rice by synergy or antagonism. Normally, auxin and gibberellin are synergistic with ethylene to regulate growth, while abscisic acid is antagonistic to ethylene in reproductive growth and various stress response. Ethylene diminishes jasmonic acid–inhibited elongation growth, but synergistically promotes leaf senescence. All these studies provide novel insights into the ethylene biology in rice and other crops, and may facilitate breeding for cultivars with better agronomic traits.
SIRT1 Activation Promotes β-Cell Regeneration by Activating Endocrine Progenitor Cells via AMPK Signaling-Mediated Fatty Acid Oxidation
Authors: Wu Shang Ying , Liang Juan , Yang Bao Chen , Leung Po Sing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Induction of β-cell regeneration from endogenous cells represents a highly promising strategy in stem cell-based treatment for patients with diabetes. Recently, calorie restriction has been shown to affect the regulation of tissue and cell regeneration, including β cells, via metabolic related mechanisms. Here, we examined the potential utility of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a calorie restriction mimetic, for stimulating β-cell regeneration and the underlying mechanisms of such stimulation. The present results showed that SIRT1 activation with SRT1720 promoted β-cell regeneration in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced β-cell-deficient neonatal rats. This beneficial effect involved enhanced activation of neurogenin3 (NGN3)-positive endocrine progenitors from pancreatic ductal cells, rather than an expansion of residual β cells. A dynamic expression profile of SIRT1 was observed in endocrine progenitors both during β-cell regeneration in neonatal rats and in the second transition phase of mouse pancreas development. Consistently, SRT1720 treatment upregulated endocrine progenitor differentiation in cultured pancreatic rudiments. Upregulation of NGN3 by SIRT1 activation was through stimulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling-mediated fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in human pancreatic progenitor cells; AMPK inhibition abolished these effects. The present findings demonstrate a promotional effect of SIRT1 activation on β-cell restoration and endocrine progenitor differentiation that involves regulation of AMPK signaling-mediated FAO. Stem Cells 2019;37:1416–1428
M2 Macrophages Enhance the Cementoblastic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via the Akt and JNK Pathways
Authors: Li Xuan , He Xiao-Tao , Kong De-Qin , Xu Xin-Yue , Wu Rui-Xin , Sun Li-Juan , Tian Bei-Min , Chen Fa-Ming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough macrophage (Mφ) polarization has been demonstrated to play crucial roles in cellular osteogenesis across the cascade of events in periodontal regeneration, how polarized Mφ phenotypes influence the cementoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) remains unknown. In the present study, human monocyte leukemic cells (THP-1) were induced into M0, M1, and M2 subsets, and the influences of these polarized Mφs on the cementoblastic differentiation of PDLSCs were assessed in both conditioned medium-based and Transwell-based coculture systems. Furthermore, the potential pathways and cyto-/chemokines involved in Mφ-mediated cementoblastic differentiation were screened and identified. In both systems, M2 subsets increased cementoblastic differentiation-related gene/protein expression levels in cocultured PDLSCs, induced more PDLSCs to differentiate into polygonal and square cells, and enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity in PDLSCs. Furthermore, Akt and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signaling was identified as a potential pathway involved in M2 Mφ-enhanced PDLSC cementoblastic differentiation, and cyto-/chemokines (interleukin (IL)-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) secreted by M2 Mφs were found to be key players that promoted cell cementoblastic differentiation by activating Akt signaling. Our data indicate for the first time that Mφs are key modulators during PDLSC cementoblastic differentiation and are hence very important for the regeneration of multiple periodontal tissues, including the cementum. Although the Akt and JNK pathways are involved in M2 Mφ-enhanced cementoblastic differentiation, only the Akt pathway can be activated via a cyto-/chemokine-associated mechanism, suggesting that players other than cyto-/chemokines also participate in the M2-mediated cementoblastic differentiation of PDLSCs. Stem Cells 2019;37:1567–1580
Barium chloride dose‐dependently induced heart and lung injury in Wistar rats
Authors: Omole Joseph G. , Alabi Quadri K. , Aturamu Ayodeji , Adefisayo Modinat A. , Oluwayomi Oludare , Dada Moses B. , Ige Mokolade S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBarium (Ba) is one of the environmental pollutant metals that incite deleterious effects on human health. The present study investigated the effects of exposure to different doses of barium chloride (BaCl2) on heart and lung of Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to BaCl2 at 150, 300, and 600 mg/L for seven consecutive days. Results indicated that exposure to Ba caused heart and lung damage evidenced by significant increase in plasma lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol levels, while high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol level decreased when compared with control. Moreover, BaCl2 significantly decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and acetylcholinesterase activities as well as glutathione level in heart and lung of the treated rats. Furthermore, the dose‐dependent increase in cardiac and lung lipid peroxidation, advanced oxidative protein product and nitric oxide levels were accompanied by marked increase in metallothionein in the BaCl2‐treated rats. Administration of BaCl2 altered hematological parameters and significantly increased concentrations of interleukin‐6 in the treated rats. Histology analysis showed significant alteration in the heart and lung tissues of Ba‐treated rats. In conclusion, BaCl2‐induced heart and lung damages via disruption of antioxidant defense systems, and activation of inflammatory mediators and alteration in hematological parameters in rats.
Vacuum Pressure Measurement in Industrial Environments
Authors: Wüest Martin 
Published: August 2019

SummaryHigh accuracy and reproducibility are the basis for outstanding product quality in the manufacturing of vacuum pressure gauges. Selective product and process controls supported by statistical process control (SPC) ensure success. Automated calibration processes traceable to the National Measuring Institute (NMI) are necessitated by the high product volume and the requirement for complete traceability. Even in industrial use under mostly non‐ideal surrounding conditions, the devices must deliver stable and accurate measured values in all production processes. Using the example of hot‐filament ionization gauges, it is shown how design modifications in the production process have reduced the measurement uncertainties of the devices from one generation to the next. In another example, the introduction of a second baffle in a capacitance diaphragm gauge, led to significant reductions in sensor drift.
Is chest imaging relevant in diagnosing acute respiratory distress syndrome in polytrauma patients? A population-based cohort study
Authors: van Wessem Karlijn Julia Patricia , Leenen Luke Petrus Hendrikus 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has often been modified with Berlin criteria being the most recent. ARDS is divided into three categories based on the degree of hypoxemia using PaO2/FiO2 ratio. Radiological findings are standardized with bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates present on chest imaging. This study investigated whether chest imaging is relevant in diagnosing ARDS in polytrauma patients.

Methods
The 5-year prospective study included consecutive trauma patients admitted to a Level-1 Trauma Center ICU. Demographics, ISS, physiologic parameters, resuscitation parameters, and ARDS data were prospectively collected. Acute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF) was categorized as Berlin criteria without bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates on imaging. Data are presented as median (IQR), p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
267 patients were included. Median age was 45 (26–59) years, 199 (75%) males, ISS was 29 (22–35), 258 (97%) patients had blunt injuries. Thirty-five (13%) patients died. 192 (72%) patients developed AHRF. AHRF patients were older, more often male, had higher ISS, needed more crystalloids and blood products than patients without AHRF. They developed more pulmonary complications, stayed longer on the ventilator, in ICU and in hospital, and died more often. Fifteen (6%) patients developed ARDS. There was no difference in outcome between ARDS and AHRF patients.

Conclusions
Many patients developed AHRF and only a few ARDS. Patients with similar hypoxemia without bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates had comparable outcome as ARDS patients. Chest imaging did not influence the outcome. Large-scale multicenter validation of ARDS criteria is warranted to investigate whether diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest imaging could be omitted as a mandatory part of the definition of ARDS in polytrauma patients.
Prison Inspection and Monitoring: The Need to Reform European Law and Policy
Authors: Rogan Mary 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrison inspection and monitoring bodies are important safeguards against breaches of human rights. In recent years, prison inspection and monitoring has become a key focus for international human rights standards, particularly through the introduction of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (OPCAT) and the UN’s Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, which recognize the need for robust and effective systems of prison oversight. This article contends that European legal standards on inspection and monitoring have not kept pace with international developments. The content of European law concerning domestic-level prison inspection and monitoring is not clear, nor has it been consolidated or examined in depth. Through engaging in comparative analysis with international instruments, this article analyses standards promulgated by Council of Europe and European Union bodies on inspection and monitoring, arguing that they need reform in light of international developments. Taking the opportunity presented by the revision process for the European Prison Rules and associated commentary, the article proposes improvements to European legal frameworks. It welcomes proposals for stronger powers for inspection and monitoring bodies, advocates for a specific instrument on prison inspection and monitoring and calls for more empirical understanding of how such bodies operate in practice.
On Understanding and Testimony
Authors: Malfatti Federica Isabella 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTestimony spreads information. It is also commonly agreed that it can transfer knowledge. Whether it can work as an epistemic source of understanding is a matter of dispute. However, testimony certainly plays a pivotal role in the proliferation of understanding in the epistemic community. But how exactly do we learn, and how do we make advancements in understanding on the basis of one another’s words? And what can we do to maximize the probability that the process of acquiring understanding from one another succeeds? These are very important questions in our current epistemological landscape, especially in light of the attention that has been paid to understanding as an epistemic achievement of purely epistemic value. Somewhat surprisingly, the recent literature in social epistemology does not offer much on the topic. The overarching aim of this paper is to provide a tentative model of understanding that goes in-depth enough to safely address the question of how understanding and testimony are related to one another. The hope is to contribute, in some measure, to the effort to understand understanding, and to explain two facts about our epistemic practices: (1) the fact that knowledge and understanding relate differently to testimony, and (2) the fact that some pieces of testimonial information are better than others for the sake of providing one with understanding and of yielding advancements in one’s epistemic standing.
Transport of Folded Proteins by the Tat System
Authors: Frain Kelly M. , Robinson Colin , van Dijl Jan Maarten 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The twin-arginine protein translocation (Tat) system has been characterized in bacteria, archaea and the chloroplast thylakoidal membrane. This system is distinct from other protein transport systems with respect to two key features. Firstly, it accepts cargo proteins with an N-terminal signal peptide that carries the canonical twin-arginine motif, which is essential for transport. Second, the Tat system only accepts and translocates fully folded cargo proteins across the respective membrane. Here, we review the core essential features of folded protein transport via the bacterial Tat system, using the three-component TatABC system of Escherichia coli and the two-component TatAC systems of Bacillus subtilis as the main examples. In particular, we address features of twin-arginine signal peptides, the essential Tat components and how they assemble into different complexes, mechanistic features and energetics of Tat-dependent protein translocation, cytoplasmic chaperoning of Tat cargo proteins, and the remarkable proofreading capabilities of the Tat system. In doing so, we present the current state of our understanding of Tat-dependent protein translocation across biological membranes, which may serve as a lead for future investigations.
Self-reported smoking among adolescents
Authors: Manan Norfazillah Ab , Nawi Azmawati Mohammed , Ahmad Norfazilah , Hassan Mohd Rohaizat 
Published: August 2019

Background & Objective:
In the local setting, the prevalence of smoking among adolescents varies, as it is based only on self-reporting without biomarker validation. The objective of the present study was to determine the accuracy of self-reported smoking among adolescents as compared to that of the urine cotinine strip test.

Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional study of 314 adolescents aged 16 years from February 2015 to April 2015 in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The accuracy of self-reporting was assessed using a data collection sheet and was validated by the urine cotinine strip test. Three schools were chosen by the simple random method, where all Form 4 students constituted the sample unit. The kappa statistic was used for determining agreement between self-reporting and urine cotinine strip testing.

Results:
There was a substantial agreement between self-reporting and the urine cotinine strip test (kappa = 0.757, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63, 0.88); there was 95.86% overall agreement. The prevalence of self-reported smoking was 8% (95% CI: 7.47, 8.53) and that of urine cotinine strip testing was 10.8% (95% CI: 10.20,11.41). There was a discrepancy with the results of the urine cotinine strip test in 8% of self-reported smokers and 3.8% of self-reported nonsmokers. Self-reporting had 67.6% sensitivity and 99.3% specificity as compared to those of urine cotinine strip testing and had 92% positive predictive value and 96.2% negative predictive value.

Conclusion:
Self-reporting can be used to assess smoking status but should be used with care among adolescents. Urine cotinine strip test validation of self-reporting enables the measurement of the true prevalence of smoking among adolescents.
Arthropod Bites and Stings Treated in Emergency Departments: Recent Trends and Correlates
Authors: Vaughn Michael G. , Holzer Katherine J. , Carbone Jason T. , Salas-Wright Christopher P. 
Published: August 2019

Introduction Despite increasing health effects of arthropod bites and associated costs, research on their frequency is limited, especially at the population level. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, correlates, and recent trends in visits to US emergency departments related to arthropod bites and stings. Methods The prevalence of arthropod bites, including information regarding location of the bite, was calculated for years 2010 through 2014 using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. Sex- and age-stratified multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted with “arthropod bite” as the dependent variable and patient and hospital characteristics as independent variables. Results Overall, there were significant increases in bites over the study period with higher rates of bites in the summer months (June–August), especially among children. Individuals who seek treatment for arthropod bites in the emergency department are more likely to reside in zip codes with lower median household income and to be without insurance coverage or with Medicaid rather than private insurance. The cost of care related to arthropod bites increased approximately 40% over the study period. Conclusions These results provide updated surveillance on the prevalence and correlates of arthropod bites and stings in the US population.