bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review
Authors: Fakruddin Md 
Published: March 2019

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), one of the most non-communicable diseases, is increasing day by day in an alarming way. More than 140 million people are suffering from diabetes throughout the world. It is not a single disease entity, but rather a group of metabolic disorders sharing the common underlying feature of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia in diabetes results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or, most commonly, both. The chronic hyperglycemia and attendant metabolic deregulation may be associated with secondary damage in multiple organ systems, especially the kidneys, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels. The pathophysiology of diabetes is not fully elucidated. Insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance or both is main candidate for this metabolic disorder, moreover various genetic and environmental factors may also involve in this process. Racial variations play also an important role as evidenced by various studies. However, the interrelationships between the molecular and metabolic mechanisms in these parameters contributing this life threatening disease still remain a mystery to the scientists.
Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):59-63
Isovaleric Acidemia in a 5 Years of Boy: A Case Report
Authors: Haque Nazmul , Saha Narayan , Alam Md Badrul , Mohammad Quazi Deen , Hoque Sk Azimul , Islam Ariful , Chowdhury Yamin Shahriar , Debnath Bithi 
Published: March 2019

Isovaleric acidemia (IVA) is an autosomal recessive disease of leucine metabolism due to deficiency of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD). In this case report a five years old boy was admitted to National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka Bangladesh with the history of fever, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, stupor and extreme sleepiness for 3 days. Second degree consanguinity was documented between the parents. Neurological examination revealed exaggerated reflexes and ankle clonus was present bilaterally. EEG and MRI of brain had normal results. Urine organic acid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed slight increment in concentration of 3 hydroxyisovaleric acid and an elevated concentration of isovalerylglycine. Tandem mass spectrometry of acylcarnitines in dried blood spots showed elevated C5-carnitine isovalerylcarnitine (10.3umol/l). Based on history, clinical examination and laboratory results, a diagnosis of isovaleric academia was ascertained. Patient was treated accordingly with rehydration fluid, correction of metabolic acidosis, antibiotic and supportive care
Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):64-66
Molière Oyunlarında Kadın Karakterler
Authors: KOCAMAN Şengül 
Published: March 2019

Fransız edebiyatında 17. Yüzyıl
denildiğinde ilk akla gelen yazarlardandır Molière. Mihail Afanasyeviç’in ifadesiyle “Çağdaşımız Molière” hakkında yapılan sayısızca
çalışmalara rağmen, hala kendinden ve eserlerinden söz ettirecek kadar güncelliğini
kaybetmeyen bir yazar. Peki, nedir
Molière’i bu kadar evrensel kılan? Yazarlığı, şairliği, oyunculuğu,
tiyatro yönetmenliği bir yana, biz onun başarısındaki en önemli etkenin onun o
üstün gözlem gücüne dayandığını düşünüyoruz. O, insan doğasını bütün
ayrıntılarıyla görmesini, gözlemlemesini ve oyunlarına aktarmasını bilen ender
yazarlardandır. Tiyatroyu toplumun bir aynası olarak nitelendiren Molière, yaşadığı dönemin
aksaklıklarını, kusurlarını, bütün sahte değerleri gülmeceyle birleştirip
sahneye taşır. Tabi bundan kadınlar da nasibini alır. Oyunlarının birçoğunun
başlığında yerlerini bulan kadınlar, Molière tiyatrosunda 17. Yüzyıl Fransız
toplumunu tiyatroya yansıtmak, komiği oluşturmak, doğanın, doğallığın öneminin
vurgulamak için de önemlidirler. Çalışmamızda, hem 17 yüzyıl hem de o yüzyılda
kadının toplum içindeki konumu hakkında genel bir bilgi vermeyi hedefliyoruz. Molière oyunlarının dramaturjik
analizi için 17. Yüzyılın siyasal, toplumsal özelliklerini sık sık göz önünde
bulundurmaya çalıştık.
Kamu Yönetimi Paradigmasında Afet Riski Yönetiminden Yönetişimine
Authors: ÖZLER Murat 
Published: March 2019

Doğal ve teknolojik kökenli olayların sonucu olarak gerçekleşen afetler ,1900
lü yılların ortalarından itibaren kentleşme olgusunda ki değişim ile etkilerini
hem nitelik hem de nicelik olarak arttırmıştır. Küresel bazda iklim
değişikliklerinin yarattığı olay ve olgularda eklenince Geleneksel Kamu
yönetimi paradigmasının verileriyle bu ciddi sorun karşısında mücadele
zorlaşmıştır. Hala yaşamakta olduğumuz küreselleşme sürecinin etkilemesi,
Geleneksel Kamu yönetimi paradigmasının kendi içerisindeki yetersizlikleri ,yönetim
alanında Yeni Kamu Yönetimi Paradigması yönündeki değişim ve sorunlara ilişkin
çözüm tarz ve uygulamaları ,afet yönetiminde de risk odaklı afet riski
yönetimine oradan da bugünkü haliyle yönetişimine dönüşmüştür. İnsan uygarlığının ortak sorununu
teşkil eden bu sorun alanı gelişmişlik düzeyi ne olursa olsun tek merkezden ve tek aktörlü müdahaleyi
yetersiz kılmaktadır. Bu nedenle sorunun farkında olan ve ortak çözümün
paydaşları ile güçlenmiş çok aktörlü bir afet yönetimi eski anlayışa günümüz
verileriyle bir katkıdır.
Population Estimation of Proboscis Monkeys in Mangroves at Kuching Wetland National Park, Sarawak
Authors: Aziz Ahmad Fitri , Mergie Laman Charlie Justin 
Published: March 2019

Boat survey on proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) population in Kuching Wetland National Park (KWNP) was conducted to estimate the current population density and population size of this primate. The survey was conducted on September 2015 and January 2016 covering a cumulative distance of 128.91 km of mangrove riverbank. A cumulative total of 158 individuals comprising 19 groups, including one all-male group and three solitary males were recorded throughout the survey. The population density of proboscis monkeys in mangrove forest at KWNP was estimated at 1.63 individuals/km2 or 0.20 groups/km2. Based on the extrapolation of the estimated population density data, the population size of proboscis monkey in mangrove forest at KWNP was estimated to be 82 individuals. Last published report on the estimation of proboscis monkey population in Sarawak was more than 30 years ago. This study was conducted as a part of the efforts to assess the current population status of proboscis monkey in Sarawak.
Keywords: Estimation, population density, population size, proboscis monkey
Antifungal Properties of Selected Medicinal Plant Species Against Fusarium spp. – A Preliminary Study
Authors: Abu Bakar Izza Nadira , Abdul Razak Abdul Raffar , Zulkifle Muhammad Nur Hakim , Rosli Nur Aliah , Kuok San Yeo Freddy 
Published: March 2019

Usage of synthetic fungicides has inevitably been one of the agricultural practices in combating crop pathogens and maintaining the quality of production. Although fungicides have been proven to be profoundly effective, excessive and frequent reliance on these synthetic fungicides have caused negative impacts to the environment and human health. Besides that, indiscriminate use of fungicides may lead to the development of resistant strains of pathogenic fungi. The need to find an alternative solution to synthetic fungicides has led to the interest in finding plant-based fungicides. This study aimed to test the antifungal properties of plant extracts from 13 different medicinal plant species towards plant pathogenic fungi. Absolute methanol was used as a solvent to extract the secondary metabolites from the different plant species. The effect of methanolic crude extract at different concentrations (500 g/ml, 250 g/ml and 100 g/ml), from different medicinal plant species, were tested on the growth of two Fusarium spp., FsB and FsP. The assay showed that the methanolic crude extract from six plant species viz. Alpinia galanga, Annona muricata, Archidendron jiringa, Nephelium lappaceum, Polygonum minus and Artocarpus hybrid (Nanchem) had successfully inhibit the radial mycelial growth of either FsB or FsP, or both. The assay suggested that the six plant species have antifungal properties towards the crop pathogenic fungi tested.
Keywords: antimicrobial, Fusarium, plant extracts, methanolic extracts, biofungicides
Factors Associated with Food Hygiene Practices Among Street Food Vendors in Padawan, Sarawak
Authors: Jores Drend , Arif Mohamad Taha , Rahman Md Mizanur 
Published: March 2019

The safety and quality of street foods are still questionable. Street food vendors are often poorly educated and untrained in food safety with lack of food safety knowledge and poor hygiene practice. This study aims to identify the factors associated with hygienic practice of food safety among the streets food vendors in Padawan district, Sarawak. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Padawan, Sarawak. Data was collected by face to face interview using a validated structured questionnaire. The practice of food safety was observed using a structured observation checklist. Data entry and analysis was done by SPSS version 22.0. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. A total of 117 street food vendors were interviewed. The mean (SD) age was 41.0 (11.8) years. Three-fifths (62.9%) of the respondents had secondary level of education and higher. The mean (SD) duration of vending was 7.2 (6.7) years. Only 35.9% of the street food vendors received at least one training on food safety. Bivariate analysis revealed that religion, knowledge and attitude appeared to be statistically significant predictors of food safety and hygiene practice. However, multinomial regression analysis revealed that only religion appeared to be important predictor of food safety and hygiene practice (AOR = 14.730, 95% CI: 1.267, 171.228). Although this study failed to establish a statistical significant association between knowledge and attitude with the hygiene practice due to inadequate sample size, some relationship does seem to exist, suggesting that food safety knowledge is vital for all street food vendors to have the necessary skills to enable them to handle food hygienically and ensure food sold is safe for consumption.
Keywords: Food safety, food vendors, hygiene practices, Malaysia, Sarawak
Characteristics of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete With Recycled Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Rahim Mustaqqim Abdul , Pohan Omi Yanti , Ab Manaf Mohd Badrul  Hisyam , Ahmad Ahmad Nur Aizat , Shahidan Shahiron , Md. Ghazaly Zuhayr , Bawadi Nor Faizah , Anudai@Anuar Shamilah , Hassan Zulkarnain , Ismail Zul-Atfi , Hong Teoh Jun 
Published: March 2019

Steel is one of the fibers used in fiber reinforced concrete technology. Steel fibers in concrete help to improve flexural strength and crack resistance. Today, there are critical shortages of natural resources. In this research, waste concrete is being used to produce recycled aggregate. The Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA) is partially replaced with the natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in concrete to analyze the mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). Several tests were conducted, such as compression and flexural tests. Five batches (A, B, C, D and E) of concrete cube and prism samples with different proportions of RCA (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% & 100%) and 1.5% volume fraction of steel fiber were tested, together with one control sample which used 100% NCA and 0% volume fraction of steel fiber. As a result, the control sample achieved 27.32 MPa in compression strength and 0.90 MPa for flexural strength while batch A managed to achieve 48.60 MPa and 1.10 MPa respectively. The cube and prism samples of all batches (A, B, C, D, E) showed decreasing compressive and flexural strength with increasing proportion of RCA in the concrete. Four samples fully achieved more than 20 MPa of compression strength and optimum flexural strength.
Motorcycle Ownership Assessment and Estimation in Makurdi, North Central, Nigeria: A Multinomial Logit Model Approach
Authors: Gbagir K. , Etu2 J. E. , Oyedepo O. J. 
Published: March 2019

With the rapid rise in problems associated with use of motorcycles as alternative means to inadequate public transportation, this study seeks to identify household factors influencing motorcycle ownership in Makurdi. The study estimates the influence of the various household factors identified and a model for predicting motorcycle ownership is developed for the study area. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey of 1412 households in the study area. The survey revealed that the number of motorcycles owned per household in the low density zone was 0.67 while that for the medium and high density zones was 0.62 and 0.79 respectively. The multinomial logit model developed predicted that 67% of households owned motorcycles as compared to 71% observed from survey data. Severity applications of the model to test the effects of changing economic situations on motorcycle ownership showed that residents of the study area are more disposed to owning motorcycles in periods of recession than periods of economic boom. The study gives an understanding of motorcycle growth pattern and ownership characteristics in the study area and will therefore serve as a relevant input for planning, regulation and control of motorcycle activities in the study area.
Understanding implementation and usefulness of electronic clinical decision support (eCDS) for melanoma in English primary care: a qualitative investigation
Authors: Pannebakker Merel M , Mills Katie , Johnson Margaret , Emery Jon D , Walter Fiona M 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundTimely diagnosis of the serious skin cancer melanoma can improve patient outcomes. Clinical guidelines suggest that GPs use checklists, such as the 7-point checklist (7PCL), to assess pigmented lesions. In 2016, the 7PCL was disseminated by EMIS as an electronic clinical decision support (eCDS) tool.AimTo understand GP and patient perspectives on the implementation and usefulness of the eCDS.Design & settingSemi-structured interviews with GPs and patients were undertaken. The interviews took place in four general practices in the south east of England following consultations using the eCDS for suspicious pigmented lesions.MethodData were collected from semi-structured face-to-face interviews with GPs and from telephone interviews with patients. They were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) underpinned the analysis using thematic approaches.ResultsA total of 14 interviews with GPs and 14 interviews with patients were undertaken. Most GPs reported that, as the eCDS was embedded in the medical record, it was useful, easy to use, time-efficient, and could facilitate patient–GP communication. They were less clear that it could meet policy or patient needs to improve early diagnosis, and some felt that it could lead to unnecessary referrals. Few felt that it had been sufficiently implemented at practice level. More felt confident with their own management of moles, and that the eCDS could be most useful for borderline decision-making. No patients were aware that the eCDS had been used during their consultation.ConclusionSuccessful implementation of a new tool, such as eCDS for melanoma, requires GPs to perceive its value and understand how it can best be integrated into clinical practice. Disseminating a tool without such explanations is unlikely to promote its adoption into routine practice.
Politeness Strategy on Social Interaction Used by Munanese
Authors: Yetty ' 
Published: March 2019

This study aims to investigate the differences of politeness strategy used by Munanese in their social interaction. The source of the data was verbal utterances of Munanese dialect Gu . This study used pragmatic study especially theory of politeness by Brown and Levinson, and supported by other theory particularly Yassi’s theory. It also used descriptive qualitative method that is observation by recording and note taking. The result of the study showed the pattern politeness strategies used in Munanese Dialect Gu are; Hormat Non Kerabat; mixed, Hormat berkerabat; mixed and positive politeness (KP), Akrab Non Kerabat; mixed, Akrab Berkerabat; positive politeness (KP), Hierarki Non Kerabat; mixed (hierarchy), and (6) Hierarki Kerabat; mixed. The differences of the strategies maybe caused by several possible reasons including cultural differences, different age and social status when the people interact each other.Keyword : politeness, social interaction, pragmatic
Glossophobia in Training of Speech
Authors: Nahliah ' , Rahman Fathu 
Published: March 2019

Glossophobia which is known as social phobia is a big problem in delivering a speech. As such, this research is purposed to thoroughly investigate the problems faced by the students in training of speech in Darul-Huffadh Islamic boarding school of Tujutuju, Kajuara, Bone. With regard to the methodology applied in this study, a qualitative approach was used to describe the data that was discovered from the field through observation with the questionnaire and in-depth interview and field note. In addition, forty-one students were chosen as samples, whilst only ten were selected and invited to have an in-depth interview; these were chosen by using purposive sampling. Finally, the major implication of this study is to confront the problems dealt with the students in training of speech as a recommendation in education that should be taken into account and needs to be solved immediately and for the other researcher to conduct in-depth investigations of research to produce a better outcomes.Keywords: Glossophobias, Speaking Performance, Training of Speech
Convicts Life in James Tucker’s The Adventures of Ralph Rashleigh
Authors: Marliana Rina 
Published: March 2019

Convicts Life In James Tucker’s The Adventures Of Ralph Rashleigh. Convicts transported from Britain to Australia are one of historical phenomenon. This research is aimed to describe the convicts life in the late eighteenth century to early nineteenth century in Australia as illustrated in The Adventures of Ralph Rashleigh by James Tucker. This research was a descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected by using library research and it was analyzed by applying sociological approach proposed by Swingewood (1972) who revealed three classifications of sociology of literature. In this case, the researcher focused on the classification of sociology as the mirror of age. The result of this research showed that the convicts alive harshly in Australia where the flogging was a common punishment for them
The Nitrogen Carrier in Inner Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Pontoppidan Klaus M. , Salyk Colette , Banzatti Andrea , Blake Geoffrey A. , Walsh Catherine , Lacy John H. , Richter Matthew J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The dominant reservoirs of elemental nitrogen in protoplanetary disks have not yet been observationally identified. Likely candidates are HCN, NH3, and N2. The relative abundances of these carriers determine the composition of planetesimals as a function of disk radius due to strong differences in their volatility. A significant sequestration of nitrogen in carriers less volatile than N2 is likely required to deliver even small amounts of nitrogen to the Earth and potentially habitable exoplanets. While HCN has been detected in small amounts in inner disks (<10 au), so far only relatively insensitive upper limits on inner disk NH3 have been obtained. We present new Gemini-TEXES high-resolution spectroscopy of the 10.75 μm band of warm NH3, and use two-dimensional radiative transfer modeling to improve previous upper limits by an order of magnitude to

at 1 au. These NH3 abundances are significantly lower than those typical for ices in circumstellar envelopes (

). We also consistently retrieve the inner disk HCN gas abundances using archival Spitzer spectra, and derive upper limits on the HCN ice abundance in protostellar envelopes using archival ground-based 4.7 μm spectroscopy ([HCNice]/[H2Oice] < 1.5%–9%). We identify the NH3/HCN ratio as an indicator of chemical evolution in the disk, and we use this ratio to suggest that inner disk nitrogen is efficiently converted from NH3 to N2, significantly increasing the volatility of nitrogen in planet-forming regions.
Is the Stellar Mass–Stellar Metallicity Relation Universal in the Milky Way Satellites and Beyond?
Authors: Xia Moran , Yu Qingjuan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Observations reveal a universal stellar mass–stellar metallicity relation (MZR) existing in Local Group dwarfs of different types,

Z

*

∝

M

*

α

with α = 0.30 ± 0.02. In this work, we investigate the “universality” of the MZRs for both satellites and central galaxies in a large number of different host dark matter halos covering a large mass range of 109–1015
h
−1

M

⊙

, by using a semianalytical galaxy formation and evolution model. We obtain the following results: (1) The exponents (α) for the MZRs of the satellites in halos with the same mass as the Milky Way halo, but different individual assembly histories, are mostly ∼0.2–0.4, i.e., having a scatter of ∼0.2; and the scatter of α increases with decreasing halo masses. (2) The MZR relations are changed little by the variation of halo masses and the classification between central galaxies and satellites, if many halos with the same mass are stacked together. (3) A double power law exists in the MZR relations for both central galaxies and stacked satellites, with α ∼ 0.2–0.4 at 103

M

⊙

≲ M
* ≲ 108

M

⊙

and a relatively higher α ∼ 0.5 at 108

M

⊙

≲ M
* ≲ 1011

M

⊙

. (4) The high-mass satellites (M
* ≳ 108

M

⊙

) existing mostly in high-mass halos can lead to an apparent increase of α (from ∼0.2 to ∼0.4) with increasing host halo masses shown in the single-power-law fitting results of stacked satellites. The universality of the MZR suggests the common physical processes in stellar formation and chemical evolution of galaxies can be unified over a large range of galaxy masses and halo masses.
Synthetic Emissions of the Fe xxi 1354 Å Line from Flare Loops Experiencing Fundamental Fast Sausage Oscillations
Authors: Shi Mijie , Li Bo , Huang Zhenghua , Chen Shao-Xia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Inspired by recent IRIS observations, we forward model the response of the Fe xxi 1354 Å line to fundamental, standing, linear fast sausage modes (FSMs) in flare loops. Starting with the fluid parameters for an FSM in a straight tube with equilibrium parameters largely compatible with the IRIS measurements, we synthesize the line profiles by incorporating the non-Equilibrium Ionization (NEI) effect in the computation of the contribution function. We find that both the intensity and Doppler shift oscillate at the wave period (P). The phase difference between the two differs from the expected value (90°) only slightly because NEI plays only a marginal role in determining the ionic fraction of Fe xxi in the examined dense loop. The Doppler width modulations, however, posses an asymmetry in the first and second halves of a wave period, leading to a secondary periodicity at P/2 in addition to the primary one at P. This behavior results from the competition between the broadening due to bulk flow and that due to temperature variations, with the latter being stronger but not overwhelmingly so. These expected signatures, with the exception of the Doppler width, are largely consistent with the IRIS measurements, thereby corroborating the reported detection of a fundamental FSM. The forward-modeled signatures are useful for identifying fundamental FSMs in flare loops from measurements of the Fe xxi 1354 Å line with instruments similar to IRIS, even though a much higher cadence is required for the expected behavior in the Doppler widths to be detected.