bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ BACILLUS CLAUSII ПРИ ХРОНІЧНОМУ ПАНКРЕАТИТІ
Authors: Koval V. Y. , Archiy E. Y. , Chundak S. S. 
Published: June 2018

В статті приведені результати дослідження мікробіоценозу товстої кишки у хворих на хронічний панкреатит з порушенням екскреторної функції. В дослідження включено 21 хворих хронічним панкреатитом віком від 38 до 51 років. Критеріями включення в дослідження були пацієнти, в яких замісна ферментна терапія не приводила до повного покращення клінічного перебігу захворювання – залишалося порушення стільця у вигляді несформованого калу більше 2-х разів на добу, метеоризм. Оцінювали склад мікробної флори хворих хронічним панкреатитом до лікування та після корекції порушень мікробного складу товстою кишки з метою включення Bacillus clausii протягом 10 днів на фоні стандартної терапії – панкреатин 25-50000 у вигляді мінімікросфер на прийом їжі та інгібітора протонної помпи – омепразол 20 мг ранком до їди. У 95% хворих на хронічний панкреатит виявлено порушення мікрофлори товстої кишки: дисбактеріоз І ступеня у 28,57% хворих, дисбактеріоз ІІ ступеня у 42,85% та дисбактеріоз ІІІ ступеня у 23,8%. Включення в лікування ентерожерміни форте сприяло покращенню мікробіоценозу товстої кишки поряд з покращенням клінічного перебігу захворювання. У 71% хворих спостерігалося достовірне відновлення кишкової флори – підвищувався рівень біфідо- та лактобактерій, зменшувалася кількість рівня загальної E.coli і зі слабко вираженими ферментативними властивостями та Klebsiela pnevmonia, Enterobacter. Після проведеного лікування прояви дисбіозу відмічено у 29% хворих: у 19% - дисбіоз І ступеня та у 10% - дисбіоз ІІ ступеня.Висновки.1. У хворих на хронічний панкреатит у 95% спостерігаються порушення мікробіоценозу товстої кишки, що супроводжуються різними ступенями дисбіозу.2. Включення в лікування поряд із стандартною терапією ентерожерміни форте 1 флакон на добу протягом 10 днів сприяє покращенню клінічного перебігу, що супроводжується нормалізацією випорожнень хворого, зникненням метеоризму.
Acute Loss of Apolipoprotein E Triggers an Autoimmune Response That Accelerates Atherosclerosis
Authors: Centa Monica , Prokopec Kajsa E. , Garimella Manasa G. , Habir Katrin , Hofste Lisa , Stark Julian M. , Dahdah Albert , Tibbitt Chris A. , Polyzos Konstantinos A. , Gisterå Anton , Johansson Daniel K. , Maeda Nobuyo N. , Hansson Göran K. , Ketelhuth Daniel F.J. , Coquet Jonathan M. , Binder Christoph J. , Karlsson Mikael C.I. , Malin Stephen 
Published: June 2018

Objective—
Dyslipidemia is a component of the metabolic syndrome, an established risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and is also observed in various autoimmune and chronic inflammatory conditions. However, there are limited opportunities to study the impact of acquired dyslipidemia on cardiovascular and immune pathology.

Approach and Results—

We designed a model system that allows for the conversion to a state of acute hyperlipidemia in adult life, so that the consequences of such a transition could be observed, through conditionally deleting APOE (apolipoprotein E) in the adult mouse. The transition to hypercholesterolemia was accompanied by adaptive immune responses, including the expansion of T lymphocyte helper cell 1, T follicular helper cell, and T regulatory subsets and the formation of germinal centers. Unlike steady-state
Apoe
−/−
mice, abrupt loss of APOE induced rapid production of antibodies recognizing rheumatoid disease autoantigens. Genetic ablation of the germinal center reduced both autoimmunity and atherosclerosis, indicating that the immune response that follows loss of APOE is independent of atherosclerosis but nevertheless promotes plaque development.

Conclusions—
Our findings suggest that immune activation in response to hyperlipidemia could contribute to a wide range of inflammatory autoimmune diseases, including atherosclerosis.
Asymmetric Modulation of ENSO Teleconnections by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Dong Bo , Dai Aiguo , Vuille Mathias , Timm Oliver Elison 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRemote influences of ENSO are known to vary with different phases of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO). Here, observational and reanalysis data from 1920 to 2014 are analyzed to present a global synthesis of the IPO’s modulation on ENSO teleconnections, followed by a modeling investigation. Regressions of surface air temperature T, precipitation P, and atmospheric circulations upon IPO and ENSO indices reveal substantial differences between ENSO and IPO teleconnections to regional T and P in terms of spatial pattern, magnitude, and seasonality. The IPO’s modulation on ENSO teleconnections asymmetrically varies with both IPO and ENSO phases. For a given ENSO phase, IPO’s modulations are not symmetric between its two phases; for a given IPO SST anomaly, its influence depends on whether it is superimposed on El Niño, La Niña, or neutral ENSO. The IPO modulations are linked to the atmospheric response to tropical SST anomalies, manifested in the local Hadley circulation and the local Walker circulation at low latitudes and the Rossby wave train in the extratropics, including the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern in the Northern Hemisphere. A set of numerical experiments using CAM5 forced with different combinations of the IPO- and ENSO-related SSTs further shows that the asymmetric modulation arises from the nonlinear Clausius–Clapeyron relation, so that the atmospheric circulation response to the same IPO-induced SST departure is larger during a warm rather than a cold ENSO phase, and the response to a warm IPO state is larger than that to a cold IPO state. The asymmetry depends primarily on the tropical Pacific mean state and tropical SST anomalies and secondarily on extratropical SST anomalies.
A Test of Emergent Constraints on Cloud Feedback and Climate Sensitivity Using a Calibrated Single-Model Ensemble
Authors: Wagman Benjamin M. , Jackson Charles S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA calibrated single-model ensemble (SME) derived from the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model, version 3.1, is used to test two hypothesized emergent constraints on cloud feedback and equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS). The Fasullo and Trenberth relative humidity (RH) metric and the Sherwood et al. lower-tropospheric mixing (LTMI) metric are computed for the present-day climate of the SME, and the relationships between the metrics, ECS, and cloud and other climate feedbacks are examined. The tropical convergence zone relative humidity (RHM) and the parameterized lower-tropospheric mixing (LTMIS) are positively correlated to ECS, and each is associated with a different spatial pattern of tropical shortwave cloud feedback in the SME. However, neither of those metrics is linked to the type of cloud response hypothesized by its authors. The resolved lower-tropospheric mixing (LTMID) is positively correlated to ECS for a subset of the SME having LTMID over a threshold value. LTMI and the RH for the dry, descending branch of the Hadley cell (RHD) narrow and shift upward the posterior estimates of ECS in the SME, but the SME bias in RHD and concerns over poorly understood physical mechanisms suggest the narrowing could be spurious for both constraints. While calibrated SME results may not generalize to multimodel ensembles, they can enhance the process understanding of emergent constraints and serve as out-of-sample tests of robustness.
Connecting Flow over Complex Terrain to Hydrodynamic Roughness on a Coral Reef
Authors: Rogers Justin S. , Maticka Samantha A. , Chirayath Ved , Woodson C. Brock , Alonso Juan J. , Monismith Stephen G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFlow over complex terrain causes stress on the bottom leading to drag, turbulence, and formation of a boundary layer. But despite the importance of the hydrodynamic roughness scale z0 in predicting flows and mixing, little is known about its connection to complex terrain. To address this gap, we conducted extensive field observations of flows and finescale measurements of bathymetry using fluid-lensing techniques over a shallow coral reef on Ofu, American Samoa. We developed a validated centimeter-scale nonhydrostatic hydrodynamic model of the reef, and the results for drag compare well with the observations. The total drag is caused by pressure differences creating form drag and is only a function of relative depth and spatially averaged streamwise slope, consistent with scaling for k–δ-type roughness, where k is the roughness height and δ is the boundary layer thickness. We approximate the complex reef surface as a superposition of wavy bedforms and present a simple method for predicting z0 from the spatial root-mean-square of depth and streamwise slope of the bathymetric surface and a linear coefficient a1, similar to results from other studies on wavy bedforms. While the local velocity profiles vary widely, the horizontal average is consistent with a log-layer approximation. The model grid resolution required to accurately compute the form drag is O(10–50) times the dominant horizontal hydrodynamic scale, which is determined by a peak in the spectra of the streamwise slope. The approach taken in this study is likely applicable to other complex terrains and could be explored for other settings.
WRF Hindcasts of Cold Front Passages over the ARM Eastern North Atlantic Site: A Sensitivity Study
Authors: Lamraoui Fayçal , Booth James F. , Naud Catherine M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The present study explores the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to accurately reproduce the passage of extratropical cold fronts at the DOE ARM eastern North Atlantic (ENA) observation site on the Azores. An analysis of three case studies is performed in which the impact of the WRF domain size, position of the model boundary relative to the ENA site, grid spacing, and spectral nudging conditions are explored. The results from these case studies indicate that model biases in the timing and duration of cold front passages change with the distance between the model domain boundary and the ENA site. For these three cases, if the western model boundary is farther than 1500 km from the site, the front becomes too meridional and fails to reach the site, making 1000 or 1500 km the optimal distances. In contrast, integrations with small distances (e.g., 500 km) between the site and domain boundaries have inadequate spatial spinup (i.e., the domain is too small for the model to properly stabilize). For all three cases, regardless of domain size, the model has biases in its upper-level circulation that impact the position and timing of the front. However, this issue is most serious for 4000-km2 domains and larger. For these domains, prolonged spectral nudging can correct cold front biases. As such, this analysis provides a framework to optimize the WRF Model configuration necessary for a realistic hindcast of a cold front passage at a fixed location centered in a domain as large as computationally possible.
Hypomagnesaemia is absent in children with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Seeman Tomáš , Fořtová Magdaléna , Sopko Bruno , Průša Richard , Pohl Michael , John Ulrike 
Published: June 2018

Background Hypomagnesaemia is present in 40–50% of children with autosomal dominant renal cysts and diabetes syndrome (RCAD). On the contrary, the prevalence of hypomagnesaemia in children with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) has never been examined. We aimed to investigate whether hypomagnesaemia is present in children with polycystic kidney diseases. Methods Children with cystic kidney diseases were investigated in a cross-sectional study. Serum concentrations of magnesium (S-Mg) and fractional excretion of magnesium (FE-Mg) were tested. Fifty-four children with ADPKD ( n = 26), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) ( n = 16) and RCAD ( n = 12) with median age of 11.2 (0.6–18.6) years were investigated. Results Hypomagnesaemia (S-Mg < 0.7 mmol/L) was detected in none of the children with ADPKD/ARPKD and in eight children (67%) with RCAD. Median S-Mg in children with ADPKD/ARPKD was significantly higher than in children with RCAD (0.89 vs. 0.65 mmol/L, P < 0.01). The FE-Mg was increased in 23% of patients with ADPKD/ARPKD (all had chronic kidney disease stages 2–4) and in 63% of patients with RCAD, where it significantly correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = −0.87, P < 0.01). Conclusions Hypomagnesaemia is absent in children with ADPKD or ARPKD and could serve as a marker for differential diagnostics between ADPKD, ARPKD and RCAD in children with cystic kidney diseases of unknown origin where molecular genetic testing is lacking. However, while hypomagnesaemia, in the absence of diuretics, appears to rule out ADPKD and ARPKD, normomagnesaemia does not rule out RCAD at least in those aged <3 years.
From Food Production to Commodity Production in Argentina’s Agricultural Sector
Authors: Palmisano Tomás 
Published: June 2018

An analysis of the semiotic and productive transformation of food crops under Argentina’s agribusiness model through a study of the diffusion of the term “commodity” in the discourse produced/reproduced by the rural sections of the hegemonic media, combined with statistical data that allow a dialogue between discourse and measurable quantities, concludes that defining the Argentine countryside as a place for commodity production is linked with increasing crop production for export that leads to the erosion of food sovereignty and food security. Un análisis de las transformaciones semióticas y productivas de los frutos de la tierra bajo el modelo argentino de los agronegocios que examina la extensión del término commodity en los discursos producidos/reproducidos por las secciones rurales de los medios gráficos de comunicación hegemónicos, entrecruzado con datos estadísticos para poner en diálogo el nivel del discurso con el de las cantidades medibles, concluye que la consigna que define al campo argentino como un lugar de producción de commodities se imbrica con una tendencia a la intensificación de los cultivos orientados exclusivamente a la exportación y la erosión de la soberanía y seguridad alimentaria.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Henry Melissa , Rosberger Zeev , Bertrand Lia , Klassen Christina , Hier Michael , Zeitouni Anthony , Kost Karen , Mlynarek Alex , Richardson Keith , Black Martin , MacDonald Christina , Zhang Xun , Chartier Gabrielle , Frenkiel Saul 
Published: June 2018

Objectives(1) Determine 1‐year period prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide among patients newly diagnosed with a first occurrence of head and neck cancer (HNC). (2) Characterize stability and trajectory of suicidal ideation over the year following cancer diagnosis. (3) Identify patients at risk of suicidal ideation.Study DesignProspective longitudinal study with 1‐year follow‐up.SettingThree university‐affiliated outpatient departments of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery.Subjects and MethodsThe study comprised a representative sample of 223 consecutive patients who were newly diagnosed (<2 weeks) with a first occurrence of primary HNC, were ≥18 years old and able to consent, and had a Karnofsky Performance Scale score ≥60. Patients completed the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV‐TR Axis I Disorders.ResultsSixteen percent (15.7%) of patients with HNC were suicidal <1 year from diagnosis, with point prevalences of 8.1% <2 weeks, 14.8% at 3 months, 9.4% at 6 months, and 10.4% at 12 months; 0.4% committed suicide within 3 months, and 0.9% attempted suicide. An a priori comprehensive conceptual model revealed 2 predictors of 1‐year period prevalence of suicidal ideation in HNC: psychiatric history (P =. 017, β = 2.1, 95% CI = 0.4‐3.8) and coping with the diagnosis by using substances (alcohol/drugs; P =. 008, β = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.16‐1.06). All other predictors, including medical predictors, were nonsignificant. A clinical suicide risk assessment revealed low risk among 71.4% and medium to high risk among 28.6%.ConclusionSuicide prevention strategies are clearly needed as part of routine clinical care in head and neck oncology, as well as their integration into clinical practice guidelines for HNC.
Prolonged use of eptifibatide as a bridge to maintain drug-eluting stent patency in a patient receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Gurnani Payal K. , Bohlmann Allison , March Robert J. 
Published: June 2018

Background: Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) has been used as a bridge to cardiac recovery in patients following a major cardiac event. There is a lack of literature surrounding prolonged use of eptifibatide and optimal dosing during ECMO. This case report describes our experience with extended durations and standard dosing of eptifibatide in the setting of ECMO. Case: A 40-year-old male with a history of Marfan’s syndrome, aortic root and ascending aortic aneurysm status post a modified Bentall with a St. Jude mechanical aortic valve conduit and hemi-Cabrol with a Dacron graft to the left main coronary artery presented with exertional chest pain and was found to have an anastomotic narrowing to the left main which occluded while awaiting surgical revision. A rescue percutaneous coronary intervention at the anastomotic site was performed. Due to hemodynamic instability, he was placed on femoral VA-ECMO. The patient was started on anticoagulation for the ECMO circuit and eptifibatide to maintain stent patency. The patient experienced several bleeding episodes for which he received supportive care, endoscopic intervention and left gastric artery embolization. Eptifibatide was maintained at standard dosing and the heparin infusion was withheld. A coronary angiogram revealed no thrombus within the Cabrol graft a patent stent previously placed at the site of the distal graft-coronary anastomosis. The patient was decannulated from ECMO and underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and division of the hemi-Cabrol graft. Conclusion: While eptifibatide was effective in maintaining stent patency, our patient experienced several bleeding episodes during ECMO. Thus, the risks and benefits of concurrent antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy must be appropriately weighed in this patient population. Additionally, as the need for dual antiplatelet therapy due to coronary stent implantation is increasing, further studies are needed to validate optimal dosing of eptifibatide in patients at a high risk of bleeding during ECMO.
Endovascular thrombectomy in anterior circulation stroke and clinical value of bridging with intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Balodis Arturs , Radzina Maija , Miglane Evija , Rudd Anthony , Millers Andrejs , Savlovskis Janis , Kupcs Karlis 
Published: June 2018

Background Bridging treatment with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) before endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke is applied under the assumption of benefits for patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). However, the benefit of this additional step has not yet been proven. Purpose To compare procedural parameters (procedural time, number of attempts), complications, and clinical outcome in patients receiving EVT vs. patients with bridging treatment. Material and Methods In this prospective study all patients had acute anterior cerebral circulation occlusion and were treated with EVT. All patients were selected for treatment based on clinical criteria, multimodal computed tomography (CT) imaging. Eighty-four patients were treated with bridging IVT followed by EVT; 62 patients were treated with EVT only. Results Bridging therapy did not influence endovascular procedure time ( P = 0.71) or number of attempts needed ( P = 0.63). Bleeding from any site was more common in the bridging group (27, 32%) vs. the EVT group (12, 19%) ( P = 0.09). Functional independence modified Rankin Scale after 90 days was slightly higher in the bridging group (44%) vs. the EVT group (42%) ( P = 0.14). Mortality did not differ significantly at 90 days: 17% in the bridging group vs. 21% in EVT alone ( P = 0.57). Both treatment methods showed high recanalization rates: 94% in the bridging group and 89% for EVT alone. Conclusion Bridging treatment in LVO did not show benefits or elevated risks of complications in comparison to EVT only. The bridging group did not show significantly better neurological outcome or significant impact on procedural parameters vs. EVT alone.
Household transmission of acute gastroenteritis during the winter season in Japan
Authors: Matsuyama Ryota , Miura Fuminari , Tsuzuki Shinya , Nishiura Hiroshi 
Published: June 2018

Objectives Acute gastroenteritis, including illness caused by norovirus, is sometimes transmissible among susceptible persons who experience close contact, including those within a household, and it disturbs social activities of patients and their family. However, epidemiological assessment of the transmissibility and its heterogeneity has not been conducted. The present study aimed to quantify the frequency of household transmission that was likely caused by norovirus, and characterize its determinants. Methods A household survey was conducted, analyzing the history of suspected norovirus infection from January to March, 2017. Noro-like illness was clinically defined as a patient with either: (i) diarrhea or vomiting multiple times a day; or (ii) diarrhea or vomiting persisting for 2 or more days. Results Among 380 households, 132 households (34.7%) were eligible for epidemiological analysis, with an estimated secondary attack risk of 13.8% (38/276). Age-specific secondary attack risk was highest among index case patients aged 0 to 14 years (25.8%). The prevalence of vomiting in this age group was higher than in other age groups, with an odds ratio of household transmission estimated at 4.3. Conclusions Age-dependent heterogeneity was successfully identified, offering critical insights into future considerations for norovirus control at various social settings.
Bacteria meets influenza A virus: A bioluminescence mouse model of Escherichia coli O157:H7 following influenza A virus/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) strain infection
Authors: Wang Zhongyi , Chi Hang , Wang Xiwen , Li Wenliang , Li Zhiping , Li Jiaming , Fu Yingying , Lu Bing , Xia Zhiping , Qian Jun , Liu Linna 
Published: June 2018

Objective To develop a bioluminescence-labelled bacterial infection model to monitor the colonization and clearance process of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the lungs of mice following influenza A virus/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) strain (IAV/PR8) infection. Methods BALB/c mice were administered IAV/PR8 or 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) intranasally 4 days prior to intranasal administration of 1 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU) of E. coli O157:H7-lux. Whole-body bioluminescent signals were monitored at 10 min, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h and 24 h post-bacterial infection. Lung bioluminescent signals and bacterial load (CFU/g) were monitored at 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h and 24 h post-bacterial infection. Results Prior IAV/PR8 infection of mice resulted in a higher level of bacterial colonization and a lower rate of bacterial clearance from the lungs compared with mice treated with PBS. There were also consistent findings between the bioluminescence imaging and the CFU measurements in terms of identifying bacterial colonization and monitoring the clearance dynamics of E. coli O157:H7-lux in mouse lungs. Conclusion This novel bioluminescence-labelled bacterial infection model rapidly detected bacterial colonization of the lungs and monitored the clearance dynamics of E. coli O157:H7-lux following IAV/PR8 infection.