bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging High Coercivity and Huge Exchange Bias Effect in Single Phased Mn1−xRuxCo2O4 Compounds
Authors: Chang Yidi , Tao Qiang , Lian Min , Zhang Yanan , Pan Diangang , Zhu Pinwen , Chang Hong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe inhomogeneous cationic distribution is an important factor determining physical properties, but it has seldom been observed in bulk. In Mn1−x
Rux
Co2O4, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images illustrate segregated cationic distributions in ball milled x = 0.3, x = 0.5. It facilitates magnetic phase separations and exchange couplings. Ball milled x = 0.3 is antiferromagnetic accompanied with frustrated moments with exchange bias field 14.8 kOe. The coercivity of ball milled x = 0.1 is very high, 16.5 kOe. In x = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.5, both enhanced coercivities and exchange bias effects are observed. These phenomena are related to exchange couplings. In samples with solid state reaction, high coercivities are obtained in x = 0.3 as 16.3 kOe and in x = 0.2 as 4.4 kOe, while low coercivities are observed in x ≤ 0.1 and x = 0.5. After being annealed at high pressure and high temperature, homogeneous samples without ionic segregations display low coercivity of 30 Oe. In Mn1−x
Rux
Co2O4, both the coercivity increment and the bias field are higher than those reported in multilayer interfaces or core/shell nanoparticles. This is due to the perfect interfaces between different magnetic phases in one compound. A new strategy toward high‐performance permanent magnets with high coercivities is presented.
Ultrathin PEDOT:PSS/rGO Aerogel Providing Tape‐Like Self‐Healable Electrode for Sensing Space Electric Field with Electrochemical Mechanism
Authors: Ma Yue , Wei Ning , Wang Qiang , Wu Changhao , Zeng Wei , Gao Yuanfeng , Xu Chao , Huang Linsheng , Zhao Jinling 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA versatile composite aerogel is developed by introducing of PEDOT:PSS in reduced graphene oxide, resulting in an ultrathin aerogel film around 100 µm thick. Like a tape, the aerogel can tightly attach to smooth or rough substrate, and there forms a self‐healable and anti‐vibration energy storage electrode. With a Ti foil substrate, the electrode offers an electrochemical capacity of 190 mF cm−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2 working current density. It also exhibits 98.7% capacitance retention after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles, with almost negligible capacitance decline even after eight damaging/healing cycles or 4000 vibrating cycles. With symmetrical aerogel‐based electrodes, a smart electrochemical device is explored as a sensor for sensitively detecting space electric field strength, ranging from 1100 to 19 000 V m−1. Simulation results verify that the response current in the sensor comes from the internal recombination current in the electrochemical device, which originates from ion recombination near the electrode substrate in space electric field. Further, a validation sensor experiment is designed and realized with affiliated modules, successfully monitoring space electric field.
Drying Dynamics of Solution‐Processed Perovskite Thin‐Film Photovoltaics: In Situ Characterization, Modeling, and Process Control
Authors: Ternes Simon , Börnhorst Tobias , Schwenzer Jonas A. , Hossain Ihteaz M. , Abzieher Tobias , Mehlmann Waldemar , Lemmer Uli , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm , Richards Bryce S. , Paetzold Ulrich W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA key challenge for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics is the transfer of high‐quality spin coated perovskite thin‐films toward applying industry‐scale thin‐film deposition techniques, such as slot‐die coating, spray coating, screen printing, or inkjet printing. Due to the complexity of the formation of polycrystalline perovskite thin‐films from the precursor solution, efficient strategies for process transfer require advancing the understanding of the involved dynamic processes. This work investigates the fundamental interrelation between the drying dynamics of the precursor solution thin‐film and the quality of the blade coated polycrystalline perovskite thin‐films. Precisely defined drying conditions are established using a temperature‐stabilized drying channel purged with a laminar flow of dry air. The dedicated channel is equipped with laser reflectometry at multiple probing positions, allowing for in situ monitoring of the perovskite solution thin‐film thickness during the drying process. Based on the drying dynamics as measured at varying drying parameters, namely at varying temperature and laminar air flow velocity, a quantitative model on the drying of perovskite thin‐films is derived. This model enables process transfer to industry‐scale deposition systems beyond brute force optimization. Via this approach, homogeneous and pinhole‐free blade coated perovskite thin‐films are fabricated, demonstrating high power conversion efficiencies of up to 19.5% (17.3% stabilized) in perovskite solar cells.
Essential updates 2017/2018: Recent topics in the treatment and research of gastric cancer in Japan
Authors: Komatsu Shuhei , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent developments in diagnostic technology, accumulated clinical effort and established evidence have boosted early detection and drastically improved early and long‐term outcomes of gastric cancer. However, gastric cancer continues to be one of the most aggressive and life‐threatening malignancies among all cancers and is a global health problem. Between January 2017 and December 2018, various fascinating reports of managements and research were published, including the new 15th Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma reflecting the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) classification (October 2017) and the new Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines version 5 (January 2018). Moreover, pivotal molecular features of gastric cancer were clarified by the worldwide cancer genome project, and various treatment targets and biomarkers such as circulating DNAs and microRNAs were detected. Novel treatment options using programmed cell death protein 1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have been started. In this review, we summarize the recent topics of classification, guidelines, and clinical and basic research in order to bring new insights to gastric cancer treatment.
A yeast surface display platform for plant hormone receptors: Toward directed evolution of new biosensors
Authors: Steiner Paul J. , Bedewitz Matthew A. , Medina‐Cucurella Angélica V. , Cutler Sean R. , Whitehead Timothy A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSmall‐molecule biosensors have major applications in biotechnology and medicine but remain difficult to engineer. Plant hormone receptors represent an attractive platform for engineering such biosensors because their chemically induced dimerization architectures naturally decouple small‐molecule sensing and sensor actuation. Rapid biosensor engineering will require quantitative high‐throughput screening methods. Here we develop a yeast surface display (YSD) platform for the PYR1/HAB1 abscisic acid sensor of Arabidopsis thaliana. We extensively optimized PYR1 surface display, HAB1 purification, and binding reaction conditions. Our system reproduces previous results with wild‐type and engineered receptors, and a mathematical analysis of the PYR1/HAB1 system allows us to infer all binding constants. Critically, we find that a previously engineered PYR1 receptor with altered ligand specificity binds HAB1 with identical affinity, suggesting that substantial reengineering of the PYR1 binding pocket does not compromise sensor actuation. This YSD platform for A. thaliana PYR1/HAB1 will facilitate future biosensor engineering efforts.
More than time and money: A mixed‐methods study of the barriers to safer cattle handling practices
Authors: Scott‐Harp DeAnn , Peek‐Asa Corinne , Rohlman Diane S. , Janssen Brandi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCattle are responsible for more injuries and fatalities than any farm animal, and cattle‐related nonfatal injuries are some of the costliest, requiring more time off work than other injuries. Though research has improved our understanding of cattle behavior, developed low‐stress handling practices, and determined how facilities can be safer, injury rates remain high. This project identified the types of equipment commonly used on farms and assessed farmer perceptions of safety and barriers to implementing changes.MethodsA mixed‐methods design was used for this study. The study was comprised of a survey (N  = 66) and four site visits conducted at operations focusing on different types of beef production in Iowa, United States. Information collected included descriptive characteristics of the operator and operation, tasks carried out on the farm, handling facility components and design, and incidents of handling‐related injuries.ResultsMost farms indicated that they utilized equipment like alleyways, a manual headgate, a sorting/diverter gate, and a manual squeeze chute. Farmers cited the cost of equipment, lack of necessity (their setup worked well already), and lack of time as being the main reasons they have not implemented changes in their operations. However, qualitative responses provided additional details and nuance, illuminating farmers’ anxieties related to farm transitions, knowledge, and trust of equipment sales personnel.ConclusionThis study provides health and safety professionals with additional details about why beef cattle producers may choose not to invest in safer handling equipment, even when they recognize the safety benefits of doing so.
Significantly enhances caking index of long‐flame coal under tetralin‐glycerol/H2 system
Authors: Liu Shoujun , Wang Zhao , Yang Song , Chang Zhiwei , Zhang Kaixia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor alleviating of the shortage of coking coal resource and efficient cleaning and utilization of low‐rank coal, hydro‐plasticization of low‐rank coal was carried out. However, the caking property of low‐rank coal cannot be obviously improved under mild conditions in the traditional tetralin‐H2 system. This study is to investigate the feasibility of mixed tetralin‐glycerol as a solvent in the process of low‐rank coal hydro‐plasticization. The solvent ratios of tetralin‐glycerol, reaction pressure, and atmosphere were varied to evaluate their effects on hydro‐plasticization. The results show that the caking index (GRI) of long‐flame coal increases from 0 to 78 at mild conditions, and the hydrogen transfer mechanism might be directly from H2 to coal rather than through hydrogen‐donor solvents in the mixed solvent case. The solvent extraction and the GRI of modified coals were measured and found that the GRI of modified coal has a good linear relationship with PAA yield, and its R2 is .985.
North American biofiltration practices
Authors: Evans Ashley N. , Carter Jason T. , Brown Jess , Lauderdale Chance 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBiological filtration (biofiltration) is the operational practice of managing, maintaining, and promoting biological activity on granular media in a filter to enhance the removal of organic and inorganic constituents before treated water is introduced into the distribution system. A major barrier to more widespread acceptance of biofiltration is the lack of recognized full‐scale experience available to utilities. To overcome this barrier, the Biofiltration Knowledge Base was developed (Water Research Foundation Project 4459). The Biofiltration Knowledge Base is a compendium of planning, design, operation, and monitoring experiences of 45 biofiltration facilities across North America with over 420 combined years of operational experience. This resource facilitates the exchange of knowledge, communicates the benefits of biofiltration, documents lessons learned, provides optimization strategies, and identifies needs for future research. Data demonstrate that biofiltration is widely used throughout North America and has been successful over a range of water qualities, design configurations, and operating conditions.
Measurement of available carbohydrates, digestible, and resistant starch in food ingredients and products
Authors: McCleary Barry V. , McLoughlin Ciara , Charmier Lucie M. J. , McGeough Paraic 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe importance of selectively measuring available and unavailable carbohydrates in the human diet has been recognized for over 100 years. The levels of available carbohydrates in diets can be directly linked to major diseases of the Western world, namely Type II diabetes and obesity. Methodology for measurement of total carbohydrates by difference was introduced in the 1880s, and this forms the basis of carbohydrate determination in the United States. In the United Kingdom, a method to directly measure available carbohydrates was introduced in the 1920s to assist diabetic patients with food selection. The aim of the current work was to develop simple, specific, and reliable methods for available carbohydrates and digestible starch (and resistant starch). The major component of available carbohydrates in most foods is digestible starch.FindingsSimple methods for the measurement of rapidly digested starch, slowly digested starch, total digestible starch, resistant starch, and available carbohydrates have been developed, and the digestibility of phosphate cross‐linked starch has been studied in detail. The resistant starch procedure developed is an update of current procedures and incorporates incubation conditions with pancreatic α‐amylase (PAA) and amyloglucosidase (AMG) that parallel those used AOAC Method 2017.16 for total dietary fiber. Available carbohydrates are measured as glucose, fructose, and galactose, following complete and selective hydrolysis of digestible starch, maltodextrins, maltose, sucrose, and lactose to glucose, fructose, and galactose. Sucrose is hydrolyzed with a specific sucrase enzyme that has no action on fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS).ConclusionsThe currently described “available carbohydrates” method together with the total dietary fiber method (AOAC Method 2017.16) allows the measurement of all carbohydrates in food products, including digestible starch.Significance and noveltyThis paper describes a simple and specific method for measurement of available carbohydrates in cereal, food, and feed products. This is the first method that provides the correct measurement of digestible starch and sucrose in the presence of FOS. Such methodology is essential for accurate labeling of food products, allowing consumers to make informed decisions in food selection.
Graphen im Schulexperiment
Authors: Quarthal Dominik , Schedy Andreas , Oetken Marco 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungGraphen, die zweidimensionale Modifikation des Kohlenstoffs, stellt aufgrund ihrer vielversprechenden Eigenschaften wie einer sehr guten elektrischen Leitfähigkeit sowie einer hohen Belastbarkeit und Härte ein hochinteressantes Material dar. Seine Herstellung war bislang für die Implementierung in die Schulcurricula zu gefährlich. Der Beitrag beschreibt die erste Herstellungsmethode von Graphen, welche für eine praktikable Umsetzung im Chemieunterricht unbedenklich ist und die daher eine erste experimentelle und konzeptionelle Erschließung dieses Themas möglich macht.
Patient preferences for attributes of primary surgical debulking versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy for treatment of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer
Authors: Havrilesky Laura J. , Yang Jui‐Chen , Lee Paula S. , Secord Angeles Alvarez , Ehrisman Jessie A. , Davidson Brittany , Berchuck Andrew , Darcy Kathleen M. , Maxwell G. Larry , Reed Shelby D. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundRandomized trials have reported conflicting findings on survival for advanced‐stage ovarian cancer treated with primary debulking surgery (PDS) versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy with interval debulking; surgical complications and mortality are higher with PDS. We assessed women's preferences for tradeoffs related to this important clinical decision.MethodsOvarian cancer patients were recruited to complete a discrete‐choice experiment (DCE) consisting of 8 choice tasks presenting experimentally designed treatment alternatives in terms of treatment order, extent of surgery including risk of ostomy, chance of death from surgical complications (1%‐10%), readmission for surgical complications (5%‐50%), progression‐free survival (1‐3 years), and overall survival (3‐5 years). Random‐parameters logit regression was applied to model participants' choices as a function of attribute levels.ResultsA total of 101 ovarian cancer survivors completed the DCE survey; of these participants, 30% were receiving chemotherapy at the time, and 33% had prior recurrence. Overall survival was of greatest importance to participants (36/100), followed by risk of readmission due to complications (23/100), progression‐free survival (19/100), surgical mortality (16/100), extent of surgery (4/100), and order of surgery and chemotherapy (2/100). Overall, the participants would tolerate a 15‐percentage point increase in risk of major complications (95% confidence interval [CI], 3%‐29%) or a 4‐percentage point increase in the risk of surgical mortality (95% CI, 2%‐13%) in order to increase their expected overall survival from 3 to 3.5 years.ConclusionsPatients would accept a moderately higher risk of perioperative complications and surgical mortality in exchange for substantial gains in survival. These quantitative findings provide clinicians with a framework to discuss preferences with patients and to incorporate preferences into clinical trial design.
Long‐term risk of congestive heart failure in younger breast cancer survivors: A nationwide study by the SMARTSHIP group
Authors: Lee Jihyoun , Hur Ho , Lee Jong Won , Youn Hyun Jo , Han Kyungdo , Kim Nam Won , Jung So‐Youn , Kim Zisun , Kim Ku Sang , Lee Min Hyuk , Han Se‐Hwan , Jung Sung Hoo , Chung Il Yong 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThere is a controversy about late‐onset congestive heart failure (CHF) among breast cancer survivors. This study investigated the incidence rate and risk factors of late‐onset CHF more than 2 years after the breast cancer diagnosis.MethodsA nationwide, retrospective study was conducted with the National Health Information Database. With 1:3 age‐ and sex‐matched noncancer controls, Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the incidence and risk factors of late CHF. The cumulative incidence rate of late CHF was evaluated with a Kaplan‐Meier analysis and a log‐rank test.ResultsA total of 91,227 cases (286,480 person‐years) and 273,681 controls (884,349 person‐years) were evaluated between January 2007 and December 2013. The risks of late CHF were higher in cases than controls (hazard ratio [HR], 1.396; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.268‐1.538). Younger survivors (age ≤ 50 years) showed a higher risk of late CHF than their younger counterparts (HR, 2.903; 95% CI, 2.425‐3.474). Although older age was a risk factor for late CHF, older survivors (age ≥ 66 years) showed no difference in the risk of late CHF in comparison with their counterparts (HR, 0.906; 95% CI, 0.757‐1.084). Anthracyclines and taxanes were risk factors for late CHF, although trastuzumab, radiation, and endocrine therapy were not.ConclusionsYoung breast cancer survivors have a greater risk of late CHF than the young population without cancer. More attention should be paid to young breast cancer survivors who receive taxane‐ or anthracycline‐based regimens over the long term.
A personalized range‐sensitive privacy‐preserving scheme in LBSs
Authors: Li Weihao , Niu Ben , Cao Jin , Luo Yurong , Li Hui 
Published: August 2019

SummaryMobile social network has become a necessary part in our daily life, and location‐based services (LBSs) provide unprecedented convenience to mobile users. However, these attracting services are accompanied with privacy disclosures, including location privacy and query privacy. Mobile users have to expose their personal information to untrusted location‐based service provider (LSP) in order to obtain relevant service data. To address these privacy issues, we proposed a personalized range‐sensitive privacy‐preserving scheme, called PRPS, which considers the relationship between locations, query ranges, and query contents. Moreover, PRPS employs map storing algorithm (MSA) to facilitate the storage of two‐dimensional local map, reducing the cost of storage. Furthermore, range estimating algorithm (REA) adopts binary quad‐tree to decide the query radius of each submitted location, avoiding inference attacks by adversary. The requirements generating algorithm (RGA) selects relevant query content for each dummy location, guaranteeing mobile user's location privacy and query privacy. Finally, we illustrate the privacy analysis to proof PRPS's privacy degree; then, the performance and privacy evaluation results indicate that the proposed PRPS is effective and efficient.
Experimental Mouse Model of Bleomycin‐Induced Skin Fibrosis
Authors: Błyszczuk Przemysław , Kozlova Anastasiia , Guo Zhongning , Kania Gabriela , Distler Oliver 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) refers to an autoimmune disease, which is manifested by inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. There are a number of different animal models recapitulating specific aspects of SSc. The experimental mouse model of bleomycin‐induced skin fibrosis is commonly used to study the pathogenesis observed in SSc. In this model, repetitive intradermal injections of the cytotoxic agent bleomycin trigger progressive skin thickening, associated with excessive accumulation of collagen, infiltration of immune cells, and formation of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA)‐positive myofibroblasts. In this article, we provide a detailed protocol for the induction of skin fibrosis in experimental mice by bleomycin. Moreover, we describe procedures for processing and analyzing affected skin tissue, provide troubleshooting, highlight advantages and limitations of the presented model, and critically discuss representative results. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Intradermal bleomycin injections to induce skin fibrosis in miceSupport Protocol: Mouse tissue collection for fibrosis evaluation and for other molecular assaysBasic Protocol 2: Evaluation of mouse skin thickness using Masson's trichrome stainingBasic Protocol 3: Measurement of hydroxyproline content in skin tissue using a colorimetric assayBasic Protocol 4: Evaluation of myofibroblasts in mouse skin by immunohistochemistry
Preparation of an Amorphous Cross‐Linked Binder for Silicon Anodes
Authors: Guo Rongnan , Zhang Shunlong , Ying Hangjun , Yang Wentao , Wang Jianli , Han Weiqiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn amorphous cross‐linked binder is prepared from abundant and low‐cost sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose by protonation and mixing and is used to improve the electrochemical performance of silicon anodes in lithium‐ion batteries. The amorphous cross‐linked structure, formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the functional groups in the two polymers, effectively enhances the flexibility and strength of the binder, resulting in strong adhesion between the binder and other components in the silicon anodes. Furthermore, the binder tolerates large volume changes and reduces the pulverization of silicon during the charge–discharge process. The hydrogen bonding in the binder helps to maintain the anode integrity during the volume change, leading to an excellent cycling stability and superior rate capability with a capacity of 1863 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1 after 150 cycles.