bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Pathology Workload and Complexity to Manage Risks and Improve Patient Quality and Safety
Authors: Vanlandingham David M. , Hampton Wesley , Thompson Kimberly M. , Badizadegan Kamran 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnatomic pathology (AP) laboratories provide critical diagnostic information that help determine patient treatments and outcomes, but the risks of AP operations and their impact on patient safety and quality of care remain poorly recognized and undermanaged. Hospital‐based laboratories face an operational and risk management challenge because clinical work of unknown quantity and complexity arrives with little advance notice, which results in fluctuations in workload that can push operations beyond planned capacity, leading to diagnostic delays and potential errors. Modeling the dynamics of workload and complexity in AP offers the opportunity to better use available information to manage risks. We developed a stock‐and‐flow model of a typical AP laboratory operation and identified key exogenous inputs that drive AP work. To test the model, we generated training and validations data sets by combining data from the electronic medical records and laboratory information systems over multiple years. We demonstrate the implementation of 10‐day AP work forecast generated on a daily basis, and show its performance in comparison with actual work. Although the model somewhat underpredicts work as currently implemented, it provides a framework for prospective management of resources to ensure quality during workload surges. Although full implementation requires additional model development, we show that AP workload largely depends on few and accessible clinical inputs. Recognizing that level loading of work in a hospital is not practical, predictive modeling of work can empower laboratories to triage, schedule, or mobilize resources more effectively and better manage risks that reduce the quality or timeliness of diagnostic information.
The phylogeny of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) inferred from mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Nie Rui‐e , Andújar Carmelo , Gómez‐Rodríguez Carola , Bai Ming , Xue Huai‐Jun , Tang Min , Yang Chen‐Tao , Tang Pu , Yang Xing‐Ke , Vogler Alfried P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe high‐level classification of Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles) currently recognizes 12 or 13 well‐established subfamilies, but the phylogenetic relationships among them remain ambiguous. Full mitochondrial genomes were newly generated for 27 taxa and combined with existing GenBank data to provide a dataset of 108 mitochondrial genomes covering all subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis under maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference recovered the monophyly of all subfamilies, except that Timarcha was split from Chrysomelinae in some analyses. Three previously recognized major clades of Chrysomelidae were broadly supported: the ‘chrysomeline’ clade consisting of (Chrysomelinae (Galerucinae + Alticinae)); the ‘sagrine’ clade with internal relationships of ((Bruchinae + Sagrinae) + (Criocerinae + Donaciinae)), and the ‘eumolpine’ clade comprising (Spilopyrinae (Cassidinae (Eumolpinae (Cryptocephalinae + Lamprosomatinae)))). Relationships among these clades differed between data treatments and phylogenetic algorithms, and were complicated by two additional deep lineages, Timarcha and Synetinae. Various topological tests favoured the PhyloBayes software as the preferred inference method, resulting in the arrangement of (chrysomelines (eumolpines + sagrines)), with Timarcha placed as sister to the chrysomeline clade and Synetinae as a deep lineage splitting near the base. Whereas mitogenomes provide a solid framework for the phylogeny of Chrysomelidae, the basal relationships do not agree with the topology of existing molecular studies and remain one of the most difficult problems of Chrysomelidae phylogenetics.
The NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin improves cardiac sympathetic nerve terminal innervation and function in heart failure
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhu Zong‐Feng , Chi Rui‐Fang , Li Qing , Yang Zi‐Jian , Jie Xi , Hu Xin‐Ling , Han Xue‐Bin , Wang Jia‐Pu , Li Bao , Qin Fu‐Zhong , Fan Bianai 
Published: September 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does NADPH oxidase activation mediate cardiac sympathetic nerve denervation and dysfunction in heart failure.

What is the main findings and its importance?
Cardiac sympathetic nerve terminal density and function were reduced in heart failure after myocardial infarction in rabbits. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin prevented the reduction in cardiac sympathetic nerve terminal density and function in heart failure. This suggest that NADPH oxidase activation mediates cardiac sympathetic nerve terminal abnormalities in heart failure. NADPH oxidase may be a potential therapeutic target for cardiac sympathetic denervation and dysfunction in heart failure.

AbstractCongestive heart failure (CHF) is characterized by cardiac sympathetic nerve terminal abnormalities, as evidenced by decreased noradrenaline transporter (NAT) density and cardiac catecholaminergic and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) profiles. These alterations are associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). NADPH oxidase is a major source of ROS in CHF. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that NADPH oxidase activation mediates cardiac sympathetic nerve terminal abnormalities in CHF. CHF was produced by myocardial infarction (MI) in rabbits. Rabbits with MI or a sham operation were randomized to orally receive an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin (6 mg kg−1 day−1), or placebo for 30 days. MI rabbits exhibited left ventricular dilatation, systolic dysfunction, and increases in NADPH oxidase activity and 4‐hydroxynonenal expression in the remote non‐infarcted myocardium, all of which were prevented by treatment with apocynin. Cardiac catecholaminergic histofluorescence profiles and immunostained TH and PGP9.5 expression were decreased, and the decreases were ameliorated by apocynin treatment. NAT, TH and PGP9.5 protein and mRNA expression were reduced and the reduction was mitigated by apocynin treatment. The effects of apocynin were confirmed by utilizing the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium in a separate experiment. In conclusion, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin attenuated increased myocardial oxidative stress and decreased cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals in CHF after MI in rabbits. These findings suggest that the activation of NADPH oxidase mediates cardiac sympathetic nerve terminal abnormalities in CHF, and the inhibition of NADPH oxidase may be beneficial for the treatment of heart failure.
Estudio comparado de los servicios ecosistémicos de los humedales Guarinó y Cauquita, en el Valle del Cauca (Colombia)
Authors: Henao Echavarría Saul Eduardo 
Published: September 2019

Se presenta una comparación de los servicios ecosistémicos de los humedales Guarinó y Cauquita. Para esto, se parte de un diagnóstico ambiental en el que se establecen los principales aspectos físicos, bióticos y económicos, y se caracteriza su problemática general. Los servicios ecosistémicos identificados fueron calificados y comparados en función de su calidad a través de la construcción de un índice de calidad ecológica, soportado en un sistema de indicadores, que permite establecer las relaciones de dependencia entre las distintas acciones que generan impactos negativos en el flujo de servicios ecosistémicos. Se finaliza con una propuesta educativa que busca sensibilizar sobre la problemática e importancia de los humedales. La metodología que se aplica es de enfoque mixto, cualitativo e interpretativo. Los resultados permiten concluir que los humedales en estudio son espacios valiosos para la conservación de biodiversidad y para mantener el acceso a condiciones de bienestar a las poblaciones locales.
Los resultados permiten concluir que los humedales en estudio son espacios de mucha importancia para la conservación de biodiversidad y para mantener el acceso a condiciones de bienestar a las poblaciones locales.
Intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of chronic pancreatitis with special focus on its early stage
Authors: Fujita Nobuhiro , Nishie Akihiro , Asayama Yoshiki , Ishigami Kousei , Fujimori Nao , Ito Tetsuhide , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: September 2019

Background It is clinically necessary to validate a new non-invasive and reliable imaging method to detect early chronic pancreatitis. Intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for quantitative assessment in abdominal solid organs. Purpose To investigate the usefulness of intravoxel incoherent motion MRI parameters in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Material and Methods Sixty patients with early chronic pancreatitis (n = 44) and chronic pancreatitis (n = 16) were assessed with intravoxel incoherent motion imaging. For comparison, a control group of 71 individuals without chronic pancreatitis was also enrolled. The perfusion fraction (f), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), true diffusion coefficient (D), and apparent diffusion coefficient of pancreatic parenchyma were calculated. These measurements were compared between the three groups. The diagnostic accuracy of imaging parameters was assessed. Results The f values of the early chronic pancreatitis group and the chronic pancreatitis group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The D* value of the chronic pancreatitis group was significantly lower than that of the early chronic pancreatitis group ( P = 0.0025). The D values of the early chronic pancreatitis group and the chronic pancreatitis group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). The perfusion fraction showed the highest diagnostic performance with an Az value of 0.76 for discriminating the control group from the early chronic pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis groups. Conclusion Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI parameters may reflect the minimal histological changes in early chronic pancreatitis.
Perception of task realism in mirror therapy activities for the upper extremity
Authors: Rowe Veronica T , Halverson Mallory , Wilbanks Laiken , Perry Shannon 
Published: September 2019

Introduction Mirror therapy is an effective stroke rehabilitation intervention for upper extremity hemiparesis; however, there are no established protocols of specific tasks for use during mirror therapy. Identifying the most realistic tasks would help establish a protocol for replicable research studies. The aim of this study is to describe characteristics of mirror therapy tasks that appear to be most realistic to healthy individuals. Method Ninety-two healthy individuals completed 25 tasks and movements with their dominant upper extremity reflected in a mirror. Participants rated each task for its perceived level of reality, or naturalistic appearance of a bilateral task as reflected in the mirror, by completing a task realism scale. Nonparametric analyses were used to compare tasks/movements designated as simple vs complex, functional vs range of motion/exercise, and performed parallel vs perpendicular to the mirror. Results Tasks categorized as simple and range of motion/exercise movements performed parallel to the mirror were rated as more realistic than tasks categorized as complex, involving functional tasks, or performed perpendicular to the mirror. Conclusions The findings of this study could potentially increase the efficacy of mirror therapy. Further research of this precursory assumption is needed in developing a standardized mirror therapy treatment protocol.
Reliability and validity of the Pediatric Clinical Assessment of Modes in outpatient pediatric rehabilitation
Authors: Popova Evguenia S , Ostrowski Rikki K , Wong Su Ren , Taylor Renee R 
Published: September 2019

Introduction Therapists’ interpersonal skills are important contributors to client participation. Providing therapists with opportunities to self-reflect on their approach to therapeutic communication can support occupational therapy best practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the observer version of the Pediatric Clinical Assessment of Modes. Method The Pediatric Clinical Assessment of Modes was used to rate therapists’ overall and individual communication mode use according to the Intentional Relationship Model. Successful and unsuccessful attempts were rated separately. Results The observers rated 125 therapist–child interactions. The successful and unsuccessful domains of the Pediatric Clinical Assessment of Modes demonstrated appropriate internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and structural validity for evaluating the therapist’s overall communication and individual use of the collaborating, empathizing, encouraging, instructing, and problem-solving modes. The empathizing, encouraging, and problem-solving subscales demonstrated greater than expected floor effects and could not effectively separate therapists into high and low performance groups for the unsuccessful domain. The observers reported low frequency of successful and unsuccessful communication attempts for the advocating subscale, raising concerns related to the reliability of this subscale for evaluating therapist–child interactions. Conclusion Study findings support the reliability and validity of the Pediatric Clinical Assessment of Modes for use in pediatric outpatient rehabilitation.
Asiasiga i A’oga ma Nu’u: a child and adolescent post-tsunami intervention based on Indigenous Samoan values
Authors: Tamasese Taimalieutu Kiwi , Bush Allister , Parsons Tafaoimalo Loudeen , Sawrey Richard , Waldegrave Charles 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To describe a community-based single-session group intervention designed to address psychosocial needs of Samoan young people following a tsunami. Method: This programme resulted from collaboration between Samoan therapists, Samoan Catholic pastoral care workers and non-Samoan mental health clinicians. Informed by Samoan concepts of self and wellbeing, it incorporated cultural and spiritual practices familiar to Samoan young people and their families as well as body-centred therapeutic techniques, the ‘Tree of life’ exercise and provision of a cooked meal. Results: Following household visits to affected families in villages throughout southern and eastern Upolu and the island of Manono, the programme was devised and carried out in 11 villages with 1295 children participating. There was a high degree of acceptance of the programme by Pulenu’u (village governance leaders), young people, their families and community members. Conclusions: Interventions to address the psychological needs of Indigenous Pacific children and adolescents following a major disaster need to be embedded in the values of their communities. This paper describes an innovative programme based on Samoan values that was consistent with evidence-informed principles used to guide post-disaster responses.
The use of cognitive screens within major trauma centres in England: A survey of current practice
Authors: Teager AJ , Methley A , Dawson B , Wilson H 
Published: September 2019

Introduction Major trauma centres are effective in reducing morbidity and mortality rates following serious injury. Many patients attending major trauma centres present with traumatic brain injuries, requiring specialist assessment in screening for potential cognitive deficits. Numerous cognitive screens exist but it is currently unclear which are used most frequently within major trauma centres. This study aimed to identify which screening tools are used most frequently in major trauma centres in England to enable discussion around their suitability for this clinical population. Method Electronic surveys were distributed via a mailing list to Clinical Psychologists and Clinical Neuropsychologists in major trauma centres across England to gather data on the use of cognitive screens. Results Fourteen Clinical Psychologists in Neuropsychology participated. Results suggest major trauma centres in England are currently using the ACE-III (50%) or MoCA (42%) as the most frequently used screens for cognitive difficulties following traumatic brain injury. Cognitive screening pathways are multi-disciplinary involving OTs (86%), psychologists (qualified 79%; assistant 57%) psychiatrists (36%), mental health nurses (7%) and therapy assistants (7%). Conclusions Major trauma centres are using evidence-based cognitive screens at present, but further work is needed to develop more effective, better validated cognitive screens for traumatic brain injury populations. Increased inter-professional discussion on the practice of cognitive screening would be beneficial for patients seen within major trauma centres.
A Novel Technique for Endoscopic Repair of Large Anterior Skull Base Defects: The PDS Wrap
Authors: Jolly Karan , Okonkwo Okechukwu , Tsermoulas Georgios , Ahmed Shahzada K. 
Published: September 2019

Background Endoscopic skull base surgery continues to push boundaries with increased complexity of work and subsequently larger defects requiring repair. Robust repair following endoscopic skull base surgery is essential to reduce significant postoperative complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leak, meningitis, and pneumocephalus. Objective To describe and further validate our novel technique of using a polydioxanone plate wrap used in large anterior skull base resections where brain herniation can be of concern. Method After large resections where there is obvious brain herniation, our PDS (polydioxanone) wrap can be deployed to provide rigid support to the brain. The PDS plate is wrapped in a dural graft material and sutured closed in order to allow deployment by releasing the sutures when in position under the bony ridge of the defect. Conclusion Till date we have successfully used this technique in 3 patients following large skull base resections of olfactory meningiomas, where there was herniation of the brain. Postoperatively, there was no evidence of cerebrospinal fluid leak. We therefore recommend the use of the PDS wrap to prevent brain herniation and provide additional support to the repair.
Validation of a novel Kinect‐based device for 3D scanning of the foot plantar surface in weight‐bearing
Authors: Rogati Giulia , Leardini Alberto , Ortolani Maurizio , Caravaggi Paolo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdvancements in additive manufacturing, along with new 3D scanning tools, are increasingly fulfilling the technological need for custom devices in personalized medicine. In podiatry and in the footwear industry, custom orthotic and footwear solutions are often required to address foot pathologies or morphological alterations which cannot be managed with standard devices. While laser scanners are the current gold‐standard for 3D digitization of the foot shape, their costs limit their applications and diffusion, therefore traditional operator‐dependent casting methods are still in use. The aim of this study was to design and validate a novel 3D foot scanner based on the Microsoft Kinect sensor, allowing a 3D scan of the plantar shape of the foot to be acquired in weight‐bearing.MethodsThe accuracy and repeatability of the prototypal foot scanner were investigated in a population of 14 asymptomatic healthy subjects, with no history of foot or lower limb injuries. The accuracy was estimated by comparing the Kinect foot scans with those obtained with a high‐resolution laser scanner used as reference. The repeatability was assessed by comparing scans of the same foot acquired in different sessions.ResultsThe inter‐subject average Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the Kinect scans was lower than 3 mm for the whole plantar surface, and lower than 1.6 mm for the arch region alone, both in left and right feet. The repeatability, quantified as the average RMSE of pairwise comparisons between sessions, was 1.2 ± 0.4 mm.ConclusionsThe present Kinect‐based 3D foot scanner showed optimal intra‐operator repeatability and its accuracy appears adequate to obtain 3D scans of the foot plantar surface suitable for different clinical applications. This device could represent a valid low‐cost alternative to expensive laser‐based scanners and could be used for automatic foot measurements, supporting the design of custom insoles and footwear.
Traditional dairy products in Algeria: case of Klila cheese
Authors: Leksir Choubaila , Boudalia Sofiane , Moujahed Nizar , Chemmam Mabrouk 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe cheese Klila occupies a very important socio-economic place established in the rural and peri-urban environment. It is a fermented cheese produced empirically in several regions of Algeria. It is the most popular traditional cheese and its artisanal manufacturing process is still in use today. The processing consists of moderate heating of “Lben” (described a little farther) until it becomes curdled, and then drained in muslin. The cheese obtained is consumed as it stands, fresh, or after drying. When dried, it is used as an ingredient after its rehydration in traditional culinary preparations.In this review, we expose the main categories of traditional Algerian dairy products; we focus mainly on the traditional Klila cheese, its history, origin, and different manufacturing stages. We recall the different consumption modes and incorporation of Klila cheese in the culinary preparations.
Development of a Risk Score to Predict Postoperative Delirium in Patients With Hip Fracture
Authors: Kim Eun Mi , Li Guohua , Kim Minjae 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
Post–hip fracture surgery delirium (PHFD) is a significant clinical problem in older patients, but an adequate, simple risk prediction model for use in the preoperative period has not been developed.

METHODS:
The 2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Hip Fracture Procedure Targeted Participant Use Data File was used to obtain a cohort of patients ≥60 years of age who underwent hip fracture surgery (n = 8871; randomly assigned to derivation [70%] or validation [30%] cohorts). A parsimonious prediction model for PHFD was developed in the derivation cohort using stepwise multivariable logistic regression with further removal of variables by evaluating changes in the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). A risk score was developed from the final multivariable model.

RESULTS:
Of 6210 patients in the derivation cohort, PHFD occurred in 1816 (29.2%). Of 32 candidate variables, 9 were included in the final model: (1) preoperative delirium (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.32 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 6.78–10.21], 8 risk score points); (2) preoperative dementia (aOR, 2.38 [95% CI, 2.05–2.76], 3 points); (3) age (reference, 60–69 years of age) (age 70–79: aOR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.20–2.12], 2 points; age 80–89: aOR, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.59–2.74], 2 points; and age ≥90: aOR, 2.43 [95% CI, 1.82–3.23], 3 points); (4) medical comanagement (aOR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.13–1.81], 1 point); (5) American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status III–V (aOR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.14–1.73], 1 point); (6) functional dependence (aOR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.17–1.61], 1 point); (7) smoking (aOR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.07–1.72], 1 point); (8) systemic inflammatory response syndrome/sepsis/septic shock (aOR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.09–1.65], 1 point); and (9) preoperative use of mobility aid (aOR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.14–1.52], 1 point), resulting in a risk score ranging from 0 to 20 points. The AUCs of the logistic regression and risk score models were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.76–0.78) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.76–0.78), respectively, with similar results in the validation cohort.

CONCLUSIONS:
A risk score based on 9 preoperative risk factors can predict PHFD in older adult patients with fairly good accuracy.