bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bisnis Multi Level Marketing dalam Tinjauan Fatwa DSN MUI No: 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009 (Studi Kasus Pada Member MLM 4Jovem di Situbondo)
Authors: Rahmah Lailatur , Juandi Wawan , Shaleh Muhammad 
Published: July 2019

One of form economic that develop in this modern era is MLM (Multi Level Marketing) business. One of MLM business that can interest Situbondo society is 4Jovem MLM. This business promise exciting rewads like money, HP, car, umroh, and others. Requirements about Islamic MLM contained in DSN MUI No. 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009 as one of reference in determining the halal haram of MLM. This research have purpose to present practice 4Jovem MLM business completely and it’s analysis based on Fatwa MUI until the society can take a stand about this 4Jovem MLM. Based on analysis presented, it be concluded that the implementation of the 4Jovem MLM business in Situbondo especially, most of them is have been fulfilled provisions and applied the contract in Fatwa MUI about Syari’ah Direct Sales. However, in the fied practice, there are some 4Jovem practice that have not been fulfilled provisions of Fatwa MUI, that is advanced prerequirement in the Agya reward. For reach that agya car, must recruit of 700 point or members at right and 800 point or members at left. Not only this is gharar in marketing plan, but also 4Jovem practice is ighra’.
Etos Kerja Islam Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kinerja Organisasi
Authors: Sono Nanda Hidayan 
Published: July 2019

This article illustrates the role of Islamic Work Ethic. The Working Ethos of Islam is a personality attitude gives rise to a profound belief that work isn’t only to glorify itself, but also as a manifestation of righteous deeds, therefore has a very high value of worship. Successful organizations seem to have a strong Islamic work ethic. It can improve performance. This article has several aspects of the work ethic are studied and analyzed by bringing theory into real conditions, there by impacting the worker's performance then illustrates the role of Islamic Work Ethic. The Working Ethos of Islam is a personality attitude gives rise to a profound belief, the work isn’t only to glorify itself, to reveal humanity, but also as a manifestation of righteous deeds, therefore to have a very noble value of worship. Successful organizations seem to have a strong Islamic work ethic can improve performance. This article, several aspects of the work ethic are studied and analyzed by bringing together theories with real conditions, affect the performance of workers.
Transition Services in Eight Rural Counties of Western New York: Views of Directors of Special Education
Authors: Shields Bruce A. , Scirri Mindy S. , Berta Michael R. , Klump Kara M. 
Published: July 2019

Rural school districts face different challenges than urban and suburban districts. In fact, several Rural Systemic Initiatives (RSIs) have been established around the country to isolate and address rural school district issues (Harmon & Smith, 2012). In order to improve the effectiveness of transition services in rural schools, feedback from stakeholders in the process is vital. Directors of special education, specifically, must work to facilitate a quality and seamless process for transition despite challenges, and those working in rural settings may face additional obstacles. This study examines the perspectives of these front-line providers in order to begin to understand the difficulties that rural school districts, in particular, must overcome. The challenges and suggestions expressed by directors of special education impact the trajectory of improvements that need to be made in rural education transition services. These improvements will not only streamline processes for rural educators and staff involved in transition, but will ultimately benefit the families they serve.
El Camino Neocatecumenal en Lima Norte (1976-2016)
Authors: Soto Canales Pedro 
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo es un estudio de historia inmediata, correspondiente a la presencia y desarrollo del movimiento eclesial, dentro de la Iglesia Católica, llamado Camino Neocatecumenal. Su presencia, que abarca desde el año 1964, fecha en que apareció dicho movimiento en España, hasta nuestros días, se halla en diversos países. Así, tomando en cuenta su presencia en diferentes países, se observará el caso del Perú desde el arribo de este movimiento en el año 1976 a la zona de Lima Norte.
Para su mejor comprensión, el tema será analizado teniendo en cuenta cinco momentos. El primero corresponderá a una breve introducción al tema en sí, enfatizando el interés por tratar el tema del Camino Neocatecumenal en la Parroquia Santísimo Redentor de la Urbanización Ingeniería (distrito de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú). El segundo abarcará las definiciones generales de los movimientos eclesiales, de manera particular el Camino Neocatecumenal, acompañando al mismo con un breve cuadro sobre algunos de los movimientos eclesiales que surgieron en el siglo XX. El tercero corresponderá a una breve historia de la formación de la primera comunidad neocatecumenal en el Perú, la misma que nació en la mencionada Parroquia Santísimo Redentor. El cuarto presentará de manera general las aportaciones más significativas de las comunidades neocatecumenales para el desarrollo de la urbanización Ingeniería (urbanización, parroquia, familias, etc.). Finalmente, el quinto corresponderá a las conclusiones respecto a la aportación del Camino Neocatecumenal a la Iglesia Católica.
De esta forma, se buscará reconocer y conocer los primeros pasos de dicha realidad eclesial, en lo que actualmente es Lima Norte, a partir de la participación de muchos vecinos (hermanos) de la zona y de otras localidades hasta el día de hoy. Se advierte que, por motivo de las limitaciones de extensión del trabajo, se ha considerado oportuno presentar lo más resaltante y de acuerdo con el criterio del autor.
Breve descripción geográfica, histórica, social, económica y cultural de la sierra limeña: San Pedro de Casta
Authors: Soto Canales Pedro Pascual 
Published: July 2019

El autor nos presentará, desde diferentes ángulos, la comunidad campesina de San Pedro de Casta. De esa forma, apoyado en sólidas fuentes bibliográficas, se observará diferentes descripciones tales como una reseña histórica, la realidad social, educativa y económica. Además, de ello, la mirada del autor también se dirigirá a los diferentes problemas y potencialidades de esta localidad.
Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Lima: un caso paradigmático en la arquitectura limeña
Authors: Barriga Tello Martha 
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo, la autora analizará la evolución arquitectónica que desde el siglo XVI ha sufrido la Iglesia Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Lima. Precisamente, la autora elaborará un análisis histórico y estilístico del recinto religioso sobre los distintos componentes de su estructura como son su portada lateral, capillas, planta, cúpula, torre, retablos, puertas, entre otros. Además de ello, tendrá en cuenta el papel que la Orden de los Predicadores de Santo Domingo de Guzmán tuvo en los cambios de dicho edificio religioso.
The Collapse of Donkey’s Ear Abalone (Haliotis asinina) Fishery in Siquijor, Philippines
Authors: Wagey Billy Theodrus 
Published: July 2019

We briefly describe the localized abalone (Haliotis asinina) fishery in Siquijor Island, central Philippines and discussed the possible reasons of the sudden collapse in local trade and fishery. The lack of management system may have contributed to over-exploitation of abalone leading to closure in 2012. Prior to the collapse in 2012, abalone gatherers spent an average of 4.18±0.15 hours/day/site with catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of H. asinina ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 kg/person/hr with mean value of 0.25±0.03 (SE) kg/person/hr. Recommendations to revive and sustain the abalone fishery of Siquijor Island are also provided. Keywords: abalone, fishery, overharvesting, Siquijor
Evaluasi Lahan Pembudidayaan Rumput Laut di Perairan Kampung Sakabu, Pulau Salawati, Kabupaten Raja Ampat
Authors: Dimara Wihelmina , Ngangi Edwin D , Mondoringin Lukas L.J.J 
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research was to evaluate the suitability of several environment factors and water quality parameters for development of seaweed culture in Kampung Sakabu. The research was conducted through observation at three stations while protection factor and bottom substrate of waters were observed visually. Water quality parameters including pH, salinity, current rate, temperature were measured in situ and the compared to Standard Water Quality Citeria by Bakosurtanal 1996. Research results were divided into three suitability categories namely 1) very suitable, 2) suitable, and 3) less suitable. In general, environmental condition and water quatily in Kampung Sakabu were categorized as suitable to very suitable. This results indicated that waters of Kampung Sakabu was very potential for development of seaweed culture. Keywords: Kampung Sakabu, seaweeds, area suitability, water quality
Analisis Efektivitas Dan Efisiensi Tata Kelola Tempat Pelelangan Ikan Dalam Mendukung Sistem Logistik Ikan Di Kota Makassar (Studi Kasus Ppi Paotere Kota Makassar)
Authors: Arief Andi Adri , Agusanty Harnita , Kasri Kasri , Mustafa Muh Dalvi 
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kepuasan pengguna pelelangan serta kinerja pengelolaan TPIyang mendukung efektivitas dan efisisensi system logistic ikan nasional di Sulawesi Selatan dengan mengambilkasus di PPI Paotere Kota Makassar. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Analisis data menggunakananalisis deskriptif. Kepuasan pengguna pelelangan menggunakan analisis Importance and Performance Analysis(IPA), sementara ukuran kinerja pengelolaan TPI dari segi ekonomi dan efisiensi menggunakan analisis value formoney . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan pengguna pelelangan masih berada di bawah kriteria puas.Kepuasan pedagang berada pada kriteria cukup puas. Untuk Kinerja tempat pelelangan ikan di PPI Paotere secarakeseluruhan dinilai cukup ekonomis dari segi input dengan capaian nilai kinerja input sebesar 86%, sedangkankinerja pengelolaan TPI dinilai tidak efisien dengan nilai kinerja 123% sehingga sangat mempengaruhi kinerjakomponen distribusi dalam sistim logistic ikan. Integrasi dari empat komponen SLIN di PPI Paotere yaitu;pengadaan, penyimpanan, trasportasi dan distribusi belum berada dalam tata kelola integrative yang efisien dalamsatu system sehingga mekanisme tata kelola sisteim logistic yang terjadi tidak saling mendukung satu sama lain.Kata kunci : Tata kelola, kinerja, TPI, sistem logistik, perikanan
The Concentration of Lead in Windowpane Oyster (Placuna placenta) and Potential of Condition Index as a Morphological Biomarker to Detect Metal Pollution
Authors: Yaqin Khusnul , Fachruddin Liestiaty 
Published: July 2019

As a filter feeder, windowpane oyster, Placuna placenta, which lives as a sedentary animal is very appropriate to be used as an eco-sentinel organism in marine bio-monitoring campaign. The study of lead (Pb) content in the tissue and shell of P. placenta was conducted in coastal waters of Mandalle, Pangkajene Kepulauan District, South Sulawesi. A hundred of oysters were collected from coastal waters of Mandalle. Morphometry parameters which were length, high, width, and dry weight of tissue were measured in the laboratory. Those parameters were used for determination of Condition Index (CI). Metal was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results showed that the contents of Pb in tissue and shell were 0.021 and 0.014 mg/kg DW (dry weight) respectively. The concentration of Pb in tissue was not overreach by BPOM 2009 Number Hk.00.06.1.52.4011 of 1.5 mg / kg DW (dry weight). After calculating Maximum Tolerable Intake (MTI), we found that MTI was 7.79 kg/day. In terms of marine monitoring campaign, we can theoretically use the CI as a morphological biomarker. After calculating the relationship between Pb in tissue and shell, we found that the value of CI was not correlated significantly with Pb content in tissue and shell. However, the correlation coefficient between Pb in tissue and CI was stronger than that in the shell. The potential of CI of windowpane oyster as a morphological biomarker was discussed.Keywords: Placuna placenta, lead, MTI, morphological biomarker
Portrait of Hatchery Management Profile on Rainbow Fish Melanotaenia boesemani (Allen & Cross, 1980) Cultivation in Jakarta Area
Authors: Nugraha Media Fitri Isma , Avarre Jean-Christophe , Pouyaud Laurent , Kadarusman Kadarusman , Carman Odang , Junior M. Zairin 
Published: July 2019

Hatchery managers and maintaining genetic diversity and fitness population in endangered and threatened species in pond is a important and difficult thing to do. But is must to do for conservation biology. Fitness and structure population depends on effective breeding number (Ne) and population connectivity between each other. The second most important thing is gene flow and genetic drift. Ne is major role in the maintenance of genetic diversity as indicator for inbreeding depresion and genetic drift. We sampled 6 hatchery in Jakarta and Bekasi Indonesia region and used 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci to quantify population genetic structure. Result in this study are, each farm have different methode. The old farmers is bapak Gusi and bapak Hasan (+30 years). Ne in bapak Hasan and bapak Gusi hatchery is 66,667 and F value is 0,00749 and loosing allele (P) is 0,26183. Compared with younger farmers bapak Yahya (5 years) have Ne = 133,333, F = 0,00375 and P = 0,06855. Even though hatchery bapak Hasan and bapak Gusi have the same value Ne, F and P but the result in population structure they are different founder populations. Hatchery bapak Hasan have unique structure and alleles composition compared with other hatchery.Keywords: breeding, management, Melanotaenia boesemani, hatchery, population.
Length weight relationship and size distribution long shells bakalang (Marcia hiantina Lamarck) in the coastal waters of Labakkang, Pangkep Regency
Authors: Hamsiah Hamsiah , Asmidar Asmidar , Hasrun Hasrun , Kasmawati Kasmawati 
Published: July 2019

Seagrass ecosystems in the coastal Labakkang Pangkep regency is the habitat of various types of shellfish which is the target of local fishermen catch. One of the many species of shellfish found in this coastal area is the mussel shell (Marcia hiantina L.). This study aims to determine the relationship between the length and weight of the long shell size of mussel shells (Marcia hiantina L.) in the coastal waters catchment of Labakkang. This research was conducted in catching area at three locations in coastal waters of Labakkang based on density of seagrass and population with sampling every month from August 2014 until July 2015 by using descriptive method that is random sampling by measuring the length of shell and weight of each shellfish. The results showed that the constant value (b) of mussel shell (Marcia hiantina L.) in all observation stations ranged from 2,44 to 2,63, meaning growth pattern including negative allometrik means shell length growth faster than body weight with coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0,88 to 0,91 means to have a high enough. The distribution of the size of the mussel (Marcia hiantina L.) is found on the smallest C size station with the range 1,50 – 1,88 cm and the middle value of 1,69 cm and the largest with a range of 5,34 - 5,72 cm and the middle value of 5.53 cm.Keywords: Bakalang shell, Length weight, Coastal waters of Labakkang, Allometric negative
The Convective Electric Field Influence on the Cold Plasma and Diamagnetic Cavity of Comet 67P
Authors: Edberg Niklas J. T. , Eriksson Anders I. , Vigren Erik , Johansson Fredrik L. , Goetz Charlotte , Nilsson Hans , Gilet Nicolas , Henri Pierre 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We studied the distribution of cold electrons (<1 eV) around comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko with respect to the solar wind convective electric field direction. The cold plasma was measured by the Langmuir Probe instrument and the direction of the convective electric field

conv = −

×

was determined from magnetic field (

) measurements inside the coma combined with an assumption of a purely radial solar wind velocity

. We found that the cold plasma is twice as likely to be observed when the convective electric field at Rosetta’s position is directed toward the nucleus (in the −

conv hemisphere) compared to when it is away from the nucleus (in the +

conv hemisphere). Similarly, the diamagnetic cavity, in which previous studies have shown that cold plasma is always present, was also found to be observed twice as often when in the −

conv hemisphere, linking its existence circumstantially to the presence of cold electrons. The results are consistent with hybrid and Hall magnetohydrodynamic simulations as well as measurements of the ion distribution around the diamagnetic cavity.
A Maximum Entropy Argument for the Slopes of Power-law Particle Spectra in Solar Flares
Authors: Litvinenko Yuri E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The maximum entropy formalism is used to infer the spectral index of power-law particle spectra in the heliosphere. The entropy-maximization argument by Brown et al. is revisited and generalized by relaxing the assumption of a particle spectrum extending to an infinite energy. The results for particle spectra with a finite upper cutoff energy are shown to be qualitatively different from those for spectra extending to infinity. The dependence of the predicted spectral index on the upper cutoff energy is determined. The relevance of the predicted values of the spectral index to the observed spectra of accelerated electrons in solar flares and ion tails in the solar wind is discussed.
Signature of Stochastic Acceleration and Cooling Processes in an Outburst Phase of the TeV Blazar ON 231
Authors: Kalita Nibedita , Sawangwit Utane , Gupta Alok C. , Wiita Paul J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present a detailed spectral and temporal study of the intermediate-type blazar ON 231 during the TeV outburst phase in 2008 June with observations performed by Swift and XMM-Newton. The X-ray flux of the source, which was significantly dominated by the soft photons (below 3–4 keV), varies between 27% and 38% on day timescales, while mild variations were observed in the optical/UV emissions. We found a maximum soft lag of ∼1 hr between the UV and soft X-ray band, which can be understood if the magnetic field of the emitting region is ∼5.6 δ
−1/3 G. The 0.6–10 keV spectra can be well represented by a broken power-law model, which indicates the presence of both synchrotron and inverse Compton components in the studied X-ray regime. The synchrotron part of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) constructed with simultaneous optical/UV and X-ray data follows a log-parabolic shape. A time-resolved spectral analysis shows that the break energy varies significantly between 2.4 and 7.3 keV with the changing flux state of the source, and the similar variations of the spectral slopes of the two components support the synchrotron self-Compton scenario. The synchrotron tail, following a log-parabolic function, shows that the peak frequency (ν

p
) varies by two orders of magnitude (∼1014–1016 Hz) during the event. A significantly positive E

p
–β relation is observed from both SED and time-resolved spectral analyses. The most feasible scenario for the observed trend during the flaring event could be associated with a magnetic-field-driven stochastic process evolving toward an equilibrium energy level.
Automated Detection of Rapid Variability of Moss Using SDO/AIA and Its Connection to the Solar Corona
Authors: Graham David R. , De Pontieu Bart , Testa Paola 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Active region moss—the upper transition region of hot loops—was observed exhibiting rapid intensity variability on timescales of order 15 s by Testa et al. in a short time series (∼150 s) data set from Hi-C (High-resolution Coronal Imager). The intensity fluctuations in the subarcsecond 193A images (∼1.5 MK plasma) were uncharacteristic of steadily heated moss and were considered an indication of heating events connected to the corona. Intriguingly, these brightenings displayed a connection to the ends of transient hot loops seen in the corona. Following the same active region, AR11520, for 6 days, we demonstrate an algorithm designed to detect the same temporal variability in lower resolution Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) data, significantly expanding the number of events detected. Multiple analogous regions to the Hi-C data are successfully detected, showing moss that appears to “sparkle” prior to clear brightening of connected high-temperature loops; this is confirmed by the hot AIA channels and the isolated Fe xviii emission. The result is illuminating, as the same behavior has recently been shown by Polito et al. while simulating nanoflares with a beam of electrons depositing their energy in the lower atmosphere. Furthermore, the variability is localized mostly to the hot core of the region, hence we reinforce the diagnostic potential of moss variability as the driver of energy release in the corona. The ubiquitous nature of this phenomenon, and the ability to detect it in data with extended time series, and large fields of view, opens a new window into investigating the coronal heating mechanism.
Effects of undergrowth removal and edge proximity on ground beetles in urban boreal forests
Authors: Koivula Matti 
Published: July 2019

Urban forests are regularly managed for human safety and aesthetic reasons, but they are crucial habitat for many species. Removals of undergrowth occur commonly in these forests, yet the ecological consequences of these operations are poorly understood. We sampled ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) along 20-m edge gradients in Finnish urban forests, in five stands treated 0.5−2.5 years earlier with undergrowth removal and in five untreated stands. We hypothesized that undergrowth removal and edge proximity would benefit opportunistic and open-habitat species, whereas shady-habitat species would be affected negatively.

Diversity and evenness indices, open-habitat species and Carabus nemoralis responded positively, and forest species, Leistus terminatus and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus responded negatively, to the undergrowth removal.

Edge proximity had little effect on carabids.

Diversity and evenness indices, open-habitat species and Carabus nemoralis responded positively, and forest species, Leistus terminatus and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus responded negatively, to the undergrowth removal.
Edge proximity had little effect on carabids.
However, open-habitat carabids were less abundant and less speciose 10−20 m from than right at the edge. We conclude that, while managing urban forests, undergrowth removals should be avoided at sites that host rare or threatened forest-associated species.