bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Creston, California, meteorite fall and the origin of L chondrites
Authors: Jenniskens Peter , Utas Jason , Yin Qing‐Zhu , Matson Robert D. , Fries Marc , Howell J. Andreas , Free Dwayne , Albers Jim , Devillepoix Hadrien , Bland Phil , Miller Aaron , Verish Robert , Garvie Laurence A. J. , Zolensky Michael E. , Ziegler Karen , Sanborn Matthew E. , Verosub Kenneth L. , Rowland Douglas J. , Ostrowski Daniel R. , Bryson Kathryn , Laubenstein Matthias , Zhou Qin , Li Qiu‐Li , Li Xian‐Hua , Liu Yu , Tang Guo‐Qiang , Welten Kees , Caffee Marc W. , Meier Matthias M. M. , Plant Amy A. , Maden Colin , Busemann Henner , Granvik Mikael ,   (The Creston Meteorite Consortium)
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt has been proposed that all L chondrites resulted from an ongoing collisional cascade of fragments that originated from the formation of the ~500 Ma old asteroid family Gefion, located near the 5:2 mean‐motion resonance with Jupiter in the middle Main Belt. If so, L chondrite pre‐atmospheric orbits should be distributed as expected for that source region. Here, we present contradictory results from the orbit and collisional history of the October 24, 2015, L6 ordinary chondrite fall at Creston, CA (here reclassified to L5/6). Creston's short 1.30 ± 0.02 AU semimajor axis orbit would imply a long dynamical evolution if it originated from the middle Main Belt. Indeed, Creston has a high cosmic ray exposure age of 40–50 Ma. However, Creston's small meteoroid size and low 4.23 ± 0.07° inclination indicate a short dynamical lifetime against collisions. This suggests, instead, that Creston originated most likely in the inner asteroid belt and was delivered via the ν6 resonance. The U‐Pb systematics of Creston apatite reveals a Pb‐Pb age of 4,497.1 ± 3.7 Ma, and an upper intercept U‐Pb age of 4,496.7 ± 5.8 Ma (2σ), circa 70 Ma after formation of CAI, as found for other L chondrites. The K‐Ar (age ~4.3 Ga) and U,Th‐He (age ~1 Ga) chronometers were not reset at ~500 Ma, while the lower intercept U‐Pb age is poorly defined as 770 ± 320 Ma. So far, the three known L chondrites that impacted on orbits with semimajor axes a <2.0 AU all have high (>3 Ga) K‐Ar ages. This argues for a source of some of our L chondrites in the inner Main Belt. Not all L chondrites originate in a continuous population of Gefion family debris stretching across the 3:1 mean‐motion resonance.
Factors influencing the implementation of the Becoming Breastfeeding Friendly initiative in Ghana
Authors: Carroll Grace , Atuobi‐Yeboah Afua , Hromi‐Fiedler Amber , Aryeetey Richmond , Safon Cara , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBecoming Breastfeeding Friendly (BBF) is an initiative designed to help countries assess their readiness to scale‐up breastfeeding programs and develop key recommendations to strengthen their breastfeeding environment. In 2016, Ghana was one of two countries to first pilot BBF. In applying BBF, a committee of 15 Ghanaian nutrition, health, and breastfeeding experts implemented the BBF toolbox over 8 months. Following implementation, semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 committee members (CMs) to (a) identify facilitators and barriers to implement BBF and (b) determine factors needed to strengthen the breastfeeding environment in Ghana. Using a grounded theory approach, five domains were identified. First, a dynamic committee of key stakeholders drove the implementation of BBF. Second, CMs faced some logistical and methodological challenges, including difficulty accessing data and the need for strong in‐country technical support for adhering to the BBF process. Third, CMs felt well positioned to facilitate and lead the dissemination and implementation of recommendations. Fourth, accountability would be essential to properly translate recommendations. Fifth, to move recommendations to action, advocacy would be a required first step, and BBF was proposed to facilitate this step. BBF provided an in‐depth analysis of Ghana's current breastfeeding environment to help Ghana strengthen its breastfeeding governance, policies, and programs while informing CMs' government and non‐governmental organizations' breastfeeding efforts.
Higher contribution of globally rare bacterial taxa reflects environmental transitions across the surface ocean
Authors: Ruiz‐González Clara , Logares Ramiro , Sebastián Marta , Mestre Mireia , Rodríguez‐Martínez Raquel , Galí Martí , Sala Maria Montserrat , Acinas Silvia G. , Duarte Carlos M. , Gasol Josep M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicrobial taxa range from being ubiquitous and abundant across space to extremely rare and endemic, depending on their ecophysiology and on different processes acting locally or regionally. However, little is known about how cosmopolitan or rare taxa combine to constitute communities and whether environmental variations promote changes in their relative abundances. Here we identified the Spatial Abundance Distribution (SpAD) of individual prokaryotic taxa (16S rDNA‐defined Operational Taxonomic Units, OTUs) across 108 globally‐distributed surface ocean stations. We grouped taxa based on their SpAD shape (“normal‐like”‐ abundant and ubiquitous; “logistic”‐ globally rare, present in few sites; and “bimodal”‐ abundant only in certain oceanic regions), and investigated how the abundance of these three categories relates to environmental gradients. Most surface assemblages were numerically dominated by a few cosmopolitan “normal‐like” OTUs, yet there was a gradual shift towards assemblages dominated by “logistic” taxa in specific areas with productivity and temperature differing the most from the average conditions in the sampled stations. When we performed the SpAD categorization including additional habitats (deeper layers and particles of varying sizes), the SpAD of many OTUs changed towards fewer “normal‐like” shapes, and OTUs categorized as globally rare in the surface ocean became abundant. This suggests that understanding the mechanisms behind microbial rarity and dominance requires expanding the context of study beyond local communities and single habitats. We show that marine bacterial communities comprise taxa displaying a continuum of SpADs, and that variations in their abundances can be linked to habitat transitions or barriers that delimit the distribution of community members.
Do estimates of contemporary effective population size tell us what we want to know?
Authors: Ryman Nils , Laikre Linda , Hössjer Ola 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEstimation of effective population size (Ne) from genetic marker data is a major focus for biodiversity conservation because it is essential to know at what rates inbreeding is increasing and additive genetic variation is lost. But are these the rates assessed when applying commonly usedNeestimation techniques? Here we use recently developed analytical tools and demonstrate that in the case of substructured populations the answer is no. This is because the following: Genetic change can be quantified in several ways reflecting different types ofNesuch as inbreeding (NeI), variance (NeV), additive genetic variance (NeAV), linkage disequilibrium equilibrium (NeLD), eigenvalue (NeE) and coalescence (NeCo) effective size. They are all the same for an isolated population of constant size, but the realized values of these effective sizes can differ dramatically in populations under migration. Commonly appliedNe‐estimators targetNeVorNeLDof individual subpopulations. While such estimates are safe proxies for the rates of inbreeding and loss of additive genetic variation under isolation, we show that they are poor indicators of these rates in populations affected by migration. In fact, both the local and global inbreeding (NeI) and additive genetic variance (NeAV) effective sizes are consistently underestimated in a subdivided population. This is serious because these are the effective sizes that are relevant to the widely accepted 50/500 rule for short and long term genetic conservation. The bias can be infinitely large and is due to inappropriate parameters being estimated when applying theory for isolated populations to subdivided ones.
Granulomatous interstitial nephritis on renal biopsy in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients: Prevalence and causes in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Davidson Bianca , Nel Debbie , Jones Erika S. W. , Manning Kathryn , Spies Ruan , Bohmer Raphaela , Omar Aadil , Ash Samantha , Wearne Nicola 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTSouth Africa continues to be burdened by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB). In Cape Town, the epidemic of HIV‐TB co‐infection is as high as 70%. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) has increased in frequency on renal biopsy. This study aimed to determine GIN prevalence and causes in HIV‐positive patients as well as renal outcomes, patient survival and associated factors. This observational cohort study reviewed HIV‐positive renal biopsies for GIN from 2005 to 2012. Causes of GIN (medications, TB, fungal and other), and baseline characteristics were analysed. A comparison of baseline data, renal function and survival was made between GIN and non‐GIN cohorts. There were 45/316 biopsies demonstrating GIN. TB was the likely cause of GIN in 27 (60%) and 9 (20%) were due to a drug. Low estimated glomerular filtration rate was a statistically significant factor associated with mortality in both GIN (P = 0.045) and non‐GIN cohorts (P < 0.000). In the GIN group, there were 12 (26.7%) deaths. Mortality for all patients was greatest in the first 6 months (P = 0.057). TB co‐infection in both cohorts was associated with a higher mortality. The multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that a higher urine protein/creatinine ratio (uPCR) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate were statistically associated with death. GIN is common in HIV‐positive renal biopsies in Cape Town. TB‐GIN was the commonest cause and associated with a high early mortality. GIN should be considered in HIV‐positive patients with acute kidney injury, its presence conveys a survival benefit. There is a need for improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies of TB‐GIN.
Self‐feeding dependence incidence and predictors among nursing home residents: Findings from a 5 year retrospective regional study
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Grassetti Luca , Zuttion Ranieri , Ferrario Barbara , Ponta Sandra , Achil Illarj , Hayter Mark , Watson Roger 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of this regionally‐based, retrospective study was to describe the incidence of self‐feeding dependence and predictors among elderly patients admitted from 2008 to 2013 to 105 Italian nursing homes. Data reported in a regional database collected at the time of nursing home admission and every 6 months up to the resident's death were accessed. The self‐feeding degree of dependence was the dependent variable; at the individual and nursing home levels, explanatory variables were those collected at nursing home admission and every 6 months. The structural equation model and the ordinal polynomial logit regression analysis were performed. A total of 13 175 records of residents when admitted to the nursing home and their following 69 341 records, were included. At the time of nursing home admission, 6496 residents (49.3%) reported a certain degree of dependence in self‐feeding and showed slight worsening in their dependence every 6 months. At the individual level, the increased functional dependence raised the proportional odds ratios of approximately 4.36 times of an increased dependence in self‐feeding; the degree of cognitive impairment, the lack of social interactions, the occurrence of pressure sores, comorbidities, as well as the clinical instability and time all raised the risk of self‐feeding dependence progression. At the nursing home level, an increased number of beds emerged as a factor also increasing the proportional odds of dependence in self‐feeding. Factors affecting self‐feeding dependence are multi‐faceted at the individual and at the nursing home levels.
Acotiamide affects antral motility, but has no effect on fundic motility, gastric emptying or symptom perception in healthy participants
Authors: Masuy Imke , Tack Jan , Verbeke Kristin , Carbone Florencia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcotiamide, a prokinetic agent was shown to be efficacious in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD). The exact mechanism of action is incompletely elucidated.MethodsThis randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study aimed to examine the effect of acotiamide on gastric motility, measured as intragastric pressure, gastric emptying (GE) rate and gastrointestinal (GI) symptom perception in healthy volunteers (HVs). Participants were treated with acotiamide (100 mg tid) and placebo for 3 weeks, separated by a 1‐week washout period. A daily symptom diary was collected during both treatments. At the end of each treatment period, GE rate and gastric motility were assessed with a 13C‐octanoic acid breath test and high‐resolution manometry during nutrient infusion, respectively. GI symptom levels were scored during high‐resolution manometry. Data were analyzed using mixed models. The study was registered as NCT03402984.Key ResultsTwenty HVs (10 female, 25 ± 4.1 years, 22.58 ± 2.73 kg/m2) participated in the study. There was no difference in GE half time between both treatments (P = 0.92). Acotiamide had no effect on fundic pressures before and after nutrient infusion (P = 0.91). However, postprandial antral pressures remained significantly lower compared to placebo (P = 0.015). There was no significant difference in hunger, satiation and GI symptoms scores assessed during IGP measurement and by the daily diary (P > 0.12 for all).ConclusionAcotiamide is associated with lower antral pressures after nutrient intake, whereas it has no effect on fundic pressures, GE rate and symptom perceptions in HVs. Studies in FD need to elucidate whether lower antral pressures induced by acotiamide underlie postprandial symptom improvement in FD.
Protein and metabolite composition of Arabidopsis stress granules
Authors: Kosmacz Monika , Gorka Michał , Schmidt Stephan , Luzarowski Marcin , Moreno Juan C. , Szlachetko Jagoda , Leniak Ewa , Sokolowska Ewelina M. , Sofroni Kostika , Schnittger Arp , Skirycz Aleksandra 
Published: January 2019

SummaryStress granules (SGs) are evolutionary conserved aggregates of proteins and untranslatedmRNAs formed in response to stress. Despite their importance for stress adaptation, no complete proteome composition has been reported for plantSGs. In this study, we addressed the existing gap. Importantly, we also provide evidence for metabolite sequestration within theSGs.To isolateSGs we used Arabidopsis seedlings expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)fusion of theSGs marker protein, Rbp47b, and an experimental protocol combining differential centrifugation with affinity purification (AP).SGs isolates were analysed using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics and metabolomics.A quarter of the identified proteins constituted known or predictedSGcomponents. Intriguingly, the remaining proteins were enriched in key enzymes and regulators, such as cyclin‐dependent kinase A (CDKA), that mediate plant responses to stress. In addition to proteins, nucleotides, amino acids and phospholipids also accumulated inSGs.Taken together, our results indicated the presence of a preexistingSGprotein interaction network; an evolutionary conservation of the proteins involved inSGassembly and dynamics; an important role forSGs in moderation of stress responses by selective storage of proteins and metabolites.
Foliar endophytic fungi alter patterns of nitrogen uptake and distribution in Theobroma cacao
Authors: Christian Natalie , Herre Edward Allen , Clay Keith 
Published: January 2019

Summary

Colonization by foliar endophytic fungi can affect the expression of host plant defenses and other ecologically important traits. However, whether endophyte colonization affects the uptake or redistribution of resources within and among host plant tissues remains unstudied.

We inoculated leaves of Theobroma cacao with four common colonizers that range in their effect from protective to pathogenic (Colletotrichum tropicale, Pestalotiopsis sp., Colletotrichum theobromicola, or Phytophthora palmivora). We pulsed the soil with nitrogen‐15 (15N) and then traced 15N uptake and its subsequent distribution to whole plants and individual leaves.

At a whole‐plant level, C. tropicale‐inoculated plants showed significantly greater 15N uptake than endophyte‐free plants did in the same pot. Among leaves within plants, younger leaves were particularly enriched in 15N, but endophyte inoculation at the individual leaf level did not alter 15N distribution within plants. However, leaves co‐inoculated with pathogenic Phytophthora and protective C. tropicale experienced significantly elevated 15N content as pathogen damage increased, compared with leaves inoculated only with the pathogen. Further, endophyte–pathogen co‐infection also increased total plant biomass.

Our results indicate that colonization by foliar endophytes significantly affects N uptake and distribution among and within host plants in ways that appear to be context dependent on other microbiome components.
Plant evolutionary history mainly explains the variance in biomass responses to climate warming at a global scale
Authors: Shao Junjiong , Yuan Tengfei , Li Zhen , Li Nan , Liu Huiying , Bai Shahla Hosseini , Xia Jianyang , Lu Meng , Zhou Xuhui 
Published: January 2019

Summary

Evolutionary history shapes the interspecific relatedness and intraspecific variation, which has a profound influence on plant functional traits and productivity. However, it is far from clear how the phylogenetic relatedness among species and intraspecific variation could contribute to the observed variance in plant biomass responses to climate warming.

We compiled a dataset with 284 species from warming experiments to explore the relative importance of phylogenetic, intraspecific, experimental and ecological factors to warming effects on plant biomass, using phylogenetic eigenvector regression and variance decomposition.

Our results showed that phylogenetic relatedness could account for about half the total variance in biomass responses to warming, which were correlated with leaf economic traits at the family level but not at species level. The intraspecific variation contributed to approximately one‐third of the variance, whereas the experimental design and ecological characteristics only explained 7–17%.

These results suggest that intrinsic factors (evolutionary history) play more important roles than extrinsic factors (experimental treatment and environment) in determining the responses of plant biomass to warming at the global scale. This highlights the urgent need for land surface models to include evolutionary aspects in predicting ecosystem functions under climate change.
Advances and challenges in uncovering cold tolerance regulatory mechanisms in plants
Authors: Ding Yanglin , Shi Yiting , Yang Shuhua 
Published: January 2019

Contents

Summary

I.
Introduction

II.
Cold stress and physiological responses in plants

III.
Sensing of cold signals in plants

IV.
Messenger molecules involved in cold signal transduction

V.
Cold signal transduction in plants

VI.
Conclusions and perspectives

Acknowledgements

References

SummaryCold stress is a major environmental factor that seriously affects plant growth and development, and influences crop productivity. Plants have evolved a series of mechanisms that allow them to adapt to cold stress at both the physiological and molecular levels. Over the past two decades, much progress has been made in identifying crucial components involved in cold‐stress tolerance and dissecting their regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent major advances in our understanding of cold signalling and put forward open questions in the field of plant cold‐stress responses. Answering these questions should help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to cold stress.
Timing of evolutionary innovation: scenarios of evolutionary diversification in a species‐rich fungal clade, Boletales
Authors: Sato Hirotoshi , Toju Hirokazu 
Published: January 2019

Summary

Acquisition of mutualistic symbiosis could provide hosts and/or symbionts with novel ecological opportunities for evolutionary diversification. Such a mechanism is one of the major components of coevolutionary diversification. However, whether the origin of mycorrhizal symbiosis promotes diversification in fungi still requires clarification. Here, we aimed to reveal evolutionary diversification in a clade comprising ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi.

Based on a phylogenic tree inferred from the sequences of 87 single‐copy genes, we reconstructed the origins of ECM symbiosis in a species‐rich basidiomycetous order, Boletales.

High‐resolution phylogeny of Boletales revealed that ECM symbiosis independently evolved from non‐ECM states at least four times in the group. Among them, only the second most recent event, occurring in the clade of Boletaceae, was inferred to involve an almost synchronous rapid diversification and rapid transition from non‐ECM to ECM symbiosis.

Our results contradict the hypothesis of evolutionary priority effect, which postulates the greatest ecological opportunities in the oldest lineages. Therefore, the novel resources that had not been pre‐empted by the old ECM fungal lineages – supposedly the coevolving angiosperm hosts – could be available for the young ECM fungal lineages, which resulted in evolutionary diversification occurring only in the young ECM fungal lineages.
Does Repeated Measurement Improve Income Data Quality?
Authors: Fisher Paul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper exploits a natural experiment created by a survey design to show that the quality of income data systematically changes across waves of a panel. We estimate that the effect of being interviewed for a second time, relative to the first, is to increase mean monthly income by 8%. Dependent interviewing – a recall device commonly used in panel surveys – explains one third of the observed increase. The remaining share is attributed to changes in respondent behaviour (panel conditioning). We review the evidence for and against a reporting improvement vs. a behavioural response by survey participants.