bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early childhood onset of high-grade atrioventricular block in Hunter syndrome
Authors: Chlebowski Meghan M. , Heese Bryce A. , Malloy-Walton Lindsey E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCardiac involvement has been reported in various mucopolysaccharidoses syndromes. Cardiac valve pathology is the most prominent cardiac manifestation of patients with these syndromes. To date, there have been no reports of early childhood onset of high-grade atrioventricular block in patients with Hunter syndrome. We present a case of a 3-year-old boy with Hunter syndrome who was found to have various degrees of atrioventricular block. This case highlights the importance of early routine cardiac screening for conduction abnormalities and close follow-up in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses syndromes.
Inverse association of calcium intake with abdominal adiposity and C-reactive protein in Brazilian children
Authors: Suhett Lara Gomes , Silveira Brenda Kelly Souza , Filgueiras Mariana De Santis , Peluzio Maria do Carmo Gouveia , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda , Novaes Juliana Farias de 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate Ca intake and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors during childhood.DesignA cross-sectional study with a representative sample. Food consumption was assessed through three 24 h dietary recalls. Anthropometry, body composition and biochemical measurements were also conducted.SettingViçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.SubjectsChildren between 8 and 9 years old (n350) enrolled in public and private schools in the urban area of the municipality of Viçosa.ResultsAlmost all children had inadequate intake of Ca (97·4 %), especially those with low income, non-white and who studied in public schools. Foods that contributed most to Ca intake were ‘milk’ and ‘cheeses and yoghurts’ (R2=0·66 and 0·13, respectively), and intake of ‘milk’ was correlated with ‘chocolate milk powder’ intake (r=0·538,P<0·01). Children with lower Ca intake had a higher prevalence of increased C-reactive protein (prevalence ratio=2·93; 95 % CI 1·21, 7·07), increased waist circumference (prevalence ratio=2·86; 95 % CI 1·01, 8·13) and a lower prevalence of high LDL cholesterol (prevalence ratio=0·64; 95 % CI 0·41, 0·99).ConclusionsLower Ca intake was associated with excess abdominal adiposity and subclinical inflammation in Brazilian children. Monitoring of adequate Ca intake is important, especially in poorer communities.
The global nutrition transition: trends, disease burdens and policy interventions
Authors: Ronto Rimante , Wu Jason HY , Singh Gitanjali M 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNon-communicable diseases (NCD) have increased dramatically in developed and developing countries. Unhealthy diet is one of the major factors contributing to NCD development. Recent evidence has identified deterioration in aspects of dietary quality across many world regions, including low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Most burdens of disease attributable to poor diet can be prevented or delayed as they occur prematurely. Therefore, it is important to identify and target unhealthy dietary behaviours in order to have the greatest impact. National dietary-related programmes have traditionally focused on micronutrient deficiency and food security and failed to acknowledge unhealthy dietary intakes as a risk factor that contributes to the development of NCD. Inadequate intakes of healthy foods and nutrients and excess intakes of unhealthy ones are commonly observed across the world, and efforts to reduce the double burden of micronutrient deficiency and unhealthy diets should be a particular focus for LMIC. Interventions and policies targeting whole populations are likely to be the most effective and sustainable, and should be prioritized. Population-based approaches such as health information and communication campaigns, fiscal measures such as taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages, direct restrictions and mandates, reformulation and improving the nutrient profile of food products, and standards regulating marketing to children can have significant and large impacts to improve diets and reduce the incidence of NCD. There is a need for more countries to implement population-based effective approaches to improve current diets.
ARE ASIAN AMERICANS WHO HAVE INTERRACIAL RELATIONSHIPS POLITICALLY DISTINCT?
Authors: Lemi Danielle Casarez , Kposowa Augustine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractResearch on interracial marriage and relationships uses the incidence of interracial romantic relationships to measure immigrant assimilation. Little attention, however, has been paid to the implications of interracial relationships for racial group politics. Are those who practice exogamy politically distinct from those who do not? We develop testable hypotheses from existing theories of and literature on interracial marriages/relationships. We test these hypotheses on several outcomes using the 2008 National Asian American Survey of Asian Americans, as this group has one of the highest rates of interracial marriage with Whites. We find that those with interracial partners aremorelikely to be concerned about racial issues,lesslikely to favor co-ethnic candidates and belong to ethnically concentrated civic groups, but are no more likely to be concerned about immigration or to favor a pathway to citizenship. We offer some theoretical reasons for these findings and discuss the implications of these findings for immigrant assimilation, interracial marriage, and the American racial order.
Potential for primary productivity in a globally-distributed bacterial phototroph
Authors: Graham E D , Heidelberg J F , Tully B J 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAnPs) are common in marine environments and are associated with photoheterotrophic activity. To date, AAnPs that possess the potential for carbon fixation have not been identified in the surface ocean. Using the Tara Oceans metagenomic dataset, we have identified draft genomes of nine bacteria that possess the genomic potential for anoxygenic phototrophy, carbon fixation via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, and the oxidation of sulfite and thiosulfate. Forming a monophyletic clade within the Alphaproteobacteria and lacking cultured representatives, the organisms compose minor constituents of local microbial communities (0.1–1.0%), but are globally distributed, present in multiple samples from the North Pacific, Mediterranean Sea, the East Africa Coastal Province, and the Atlantic. This discovery may require re-examination of the microbial communities in the oceans to understand and constrain the role this group of organisms may play in the global carbon cycle.
Cytokine-induced killer cells as a feasible adoptive immunotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer
Authors: Chen Dan , Sha Huanhuan , Hu Tianmu , Dong Shuchen , Zhang Junying , Liu Siwen , Cao Haixia , Ma Rong , Wu Yang , Jing Changwen , Wang Zhuo , Wu Jianzhong , Feng Jifeng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMost of the patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at advanced stage, and they often lose the opportunity of surgical therapy, most of whom fail to reach good prognosis after chemotherapy. Recently, a few clinical studies have confirmed the role of adoptive T-cell transfer in the maintenance therapy of cancer patients. Here, we provided statistical insights into the role of CIKs in advanced lung cancer from three different levels, cell model (in vitro co-culture system), mice model (in situ lung cancer), and clinical research (in lung cancer patients of different progression stages). We optimized the components of supplements and cytokines on activating and expanding CIK cells. Based on this, we explored a new serum-free medium for in vitro activation and expansion of CIK cells. Moreover, we found that activated CIK cells could efficiently kill lung cancer cells in cell-to-cell model in vitro and significantly reduce the tumor growth in mice. For the clinical research, the OS rates of patients received combination of chemotherapy and CIK treatment were significantly improved compared to the OS rates of patients only received chemotherapy. Additionally, CIK therapy represented good toleration in our study. All the results suggested that combination of immunotherapy with traditional therapy will be a feasible and promising method for the treatment of lung cancer.
Wolfram syndrome: MAMs’ connection?
Authors: Delprat Benjamin , Maurice Tangui , Delettre Cécile 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease, the main pathological hallmarks of which associate with diabetes, optic atrophy, and deafness. Other symptoms may be identified in some but not all patients. Prognosis is poor, with death occurring around 35 years of age. To date, no treatment is available. WS was first described as a mitochondriopathy. However, the localization of the protein on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane challenged this hypothesis. ER contacts mitochondria to ensure effective Ca2+ transfer, lipids transfer, and apoptosis within stabilized and functionalized microdomains, termed “mitochondria-associated ER membranes” (MAMs). Two types of WS are characterized so far and Wolfram syndrome type 2 is due to mutation in CISD2, a protein mostly expressed in MAMs. The aim of the present review is to collect evidences showing that WS is indeed a mitochondriopathy, with established MAM dysfunction, and thus share commonalities with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as metabolic diseases, such as diabetes.
Evidence for ephemeral middle Eocene to early Oligocene Greenland glacial ice and pan-Arctic sea ice
Authors: Tripati Aradhna , Darby Dennis 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEarth’s modern climate is defined by the presence of ice at both poles, but that ice is now disappearing. Therefore understanding the origin and causes of polar ice stability is more critical than ever. Here we provide novel geochemical data that constrain past dynamics of glacial ice on Greenland and Arctic sea ice. Based on accurate source determinations of individual ice-rafted Fe-oxide grains, we find evidence for episodic glaciation of distinct source regions on Greenland as far-ranging as ~68°N and ~80°N synchronous with ice-rafting from circum-Arctic sources, beginning in the middle Eocene. Glacial intervals broadly coincide with reduced CO2, with a potential threshold for glacial ice stability near ~500 p.p.m.v. The middle Eocene represents the Cenozoic onset of a dynamic cryosphere, with ice in both hemispheres during transient glacials and substantial regional climate heterogeneity. A more stable cryosphere developed at the Eocene-Oligocene transition, and is now threatened by anthropogenic emissions.
Insulin mediates de novo nuclear accumulation of the IGF-1/insulin Hybrid Receptor in corneal epithelial cells
Authors: Titone Rossella , Zhu Meifang , Robertson Danielle M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInsulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are present in human tears and likely play an important role in mediating ocular surface homeostasis. We previously characterized the IGF-1/insulin hybrid receptor (Hybrid–R) in corneal epithelial cells and found that it was activated by IGF-1 and not insulin; and reported the novel finding that it localized to the corneal epithelial cell nucleus. Since the corneal epithelium is an insulin insensitive tissue and does not require insulin for glucose uptake, this study investigated the function of insulin in corneal epithelial cells. We show that stress induced by growth factor deprivation triggers transcriptional upregulation and de novo nuclear accumulation of Hybrid-R through the homodimeric insulin receptor (INSR). This occurs independent of PI3K/Akt signaling. Nuclear accumulation of Hybrid-R was associated with partial cell cycle arrest and a corresponding reduction in mitochondrial respiration. Treatment with insulin, and not IGF-1, attenuated IGF-1R and INSR transcription and restored cell cycle and metabolic homeostasis. Together, these findings support that insulin mediates receptor homeostasis in corneal epithelial cells, favoring an IGF-1 mediated pathway. This may have important implications in diabetic corneal disease and wound healing.
Genetic analyses in a bonobo (Pan paniscus) with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Celestino-Soper Patrícia B. S. , Lynnes Ty C. , Zhang Lili , Ouyang Karen , Wann Samuel , Clyde Victoria L. , Vatta Matteo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a disorder that may lead to sudden death and can affect humans and other primates. In 2012, the alpha male bonobo of the Milwaukee County Zoo died suddenly and histologic evaluation found features of ARVC. This study sought to discover a possible genetic cause for ARVC in this individual. We sequenced our subject’s DNA to search for deleterious variants in genes involved in cardiovascular disorders. Variants found were annotated according to the human genome, following currently available classification used for human diseases. Sequencing from the DNA of an unrelated unaffected bonobo was also used for prediction of pathogenicity. Twenty-four variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUSs) but no pathogenic variants were found in the proband studied. Further familial, functional, and bonobo population studies are needed to determine if any of the VUSs or a combination of the VUSs found may be associated with the clinical findings. Future genotype-phenotype establishment will be beneficial for the appropriate care of the captive zoo bonobo population world-wide as well as conservation of the bobono species in its native habitat.
Swelling Inhibition of Liquid Crystalline Colloidal Montmorillonite and Beidellite Clays by DNA
Authors: Yamaguchi Naoya , Anraku Shinya , Paineau Erwan , Safinya Cyrus R. , Davidson Patrick , Michot Laurent J. , Miyamoto Nobuyoshi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractExploring the interaction of nucleic acids with clay minerals is important to understand such issues as the persistence in soils of biomolecules and the appearance of genetic polymers in prebiotic environments. Colloidal dispersions of double stranded DNA and clay nanosheets may also provide interesting model systems to study the statistical physics of mixtures of semi-flexible rods and plates. Here, we show that adding very small amounts of DNA to liquid-crystalline montmorillonite and beidellite smectite clay suspensions strongly widens the isotropic/nematic phase coexistence region. Moreover, a spectroscopic study shows that, upon DNA addition, the first DNA molecules adsorb onto the clay particles. Remarkably, synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering experiments reveal that the average distance between the clay sheets, in the nematic phase at coexistence, decreases with increasing DNA concentration and that the inhibition of swelling by DNA becomes almost independent of clay concentration. We interpret this DNA-mediated attraction between clay nanosheets by bridging conformations of DNA strands (plates on a string structure). In addition to bridging, DNA chains can form “loops” between sections adsorbed on the same particle, giving rise to sheet repulsions due to protruding loops. This interpretation agrees with the observed inter-clay spacings being dependent only on the DNA concentration.
Using massively parallel shotgun sequencing of maternal plasmatic cell-free DNA for cytomegalovirus DNA detection during pregnancy: a proof of concept study
Authors: Chesnais Virginie , Ott Alban , Chaplais Emmanuel , Gabillard Samuel , Pallares Diego , Vauloup-Fellous Christelle , Benachi Alexandra , Costa Jean-Marc , Ginoux Eric 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) primary infections of pregnant women can lead to congenital infections of the fetus that could have severe impacts on the health of the newborn. Recent studies have shown that 10–100 billion DNA fragments per milliliter of plasma are circulating cell-free. The study of this DNA has rapidly expanding applications to non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). In this study, we have shown that we can detect viral specific reads in the massively parallel shotgun sequencing (MPSS) NIPT data. We have also observed a strong correlation between the viral load of calibration samples and the number of reads aligned on the reference genome. Based on these observations we have constructed a statistical model able to quantify the viral load of patient samples. We propose to use this new method to detect and quantify circulating DNA virus like HCMV during pregnancy using the same sequencing results as NIPT data. This method could be used to improve the NIPT diagnosis.
Natural turn measures predict recurrent falls in community-dwelling older adults: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Leach Julia M. , Mellone Sabato , Palumbo Pierpaolo , Bandinelli Stefania , Chiari Lorenzo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough turning has been reported as one of the leading activities performed during a fall, and falls during turning result in 8-times more hip fractures than falls during linear gait, the quantity and quality of turns resulting in falls remain unknown since turns are rarely assessed during activities of daily living. 160 community-dwelling older adults were monitored for one week using smartphone technology. Turn measures and activity rates were quantified. Fall incidence within 12 months from continuous monitoring defined fall status, with 7/153 prospective fallers/non-fallers. Based on the analysis of 718,582 turns, prospective fallers turned less frequently, took longer to turn, and were less consistent in turn angle (p = 0.007, 0.025, and 0.038, respectively). Prospective fallers also walked slower and spent less time walking and turning and more time engaged in sedentary behavior (p = 0.043, 0.012, and 0.015, respectively). Individuals experiencing decline in the control of gait and/or turning may attempt to reduce their risk of falling by limiting their exposure and implementing cautionary movement strategies while turning. Since there was no difference in the overall active rate between prospective fallers and non-fallers, impaired gait and turning ability, specifically, may attribute to elevated fall risk within this cohort.
Proteome-wide mapping of immune features onto Plasmodium protein three-dimensional structures
Authors: Guy Andrew J. , Irani Vashti , Beeson James G. , Webb Benjamin , Sali Andrej , Richards Jack S. , Ramsland Paul A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHumoral immune responses against the malaria parasite are an important component of a protective immune response. Antibodies are often directed towards conformational epitopes, and the native structure of the antigenic region is usually critical for antibody recognition. We examined the structural features of various Plasmodium antigens that may impact on epitope location, by performing a comprehensive analysis of known and modelled structures from P. falciparum. Examining the location of known polymorphisms over all available structures, we observed a strong propensity for polymorphic residues to be exposed on the surface and to occur in particular secondary structure segments such as hydrogen-bonded turns. We also utilised established prediction algorithms for B-cell epitopes and MHC class II binding peptides, examining predicted epitopes in relation to known polymorphic sites within structured regions. Finally, we used the available structures to examine polymorphic hotspots and Tajima’s D values using a spatial averaging approach. We identified a region of PfAMA1 involving both domains II and III under a high degree of balancing selection relative to the rest of the protein. In summary, we developed general methods for examining how sequence-based features relate to one another in three-dimensional space and applied these methods to key P. falciparum antigens.
Cost-effective generation of precise label-free quantitative proteomes in high-throughput by microLC and data-independent acquisition
Authors: Vowinckel Jakob , Zelezniak Aleksej , Bruderer Roland , Mülleder Michael , Reiter Lukas , Ralser Markus 
Published: March 2018

AbstractQuantitative proteomics is key for basic research, but needs improvements to satisfy an increasing demand for large sample series in diagnostics, academia and industry. A switch from nanoflowrate to microflowrate chromatography can improve throughput and reduce costs. However, concerns about undersampling and coverage have so far hampered its broad application. We used a QTOF mass spectrometer of the penultimate generation (TripleTOF5600), converted a nanoLC system into a microflow platform, and adapted a SWATH regime for large sample series by implementing retention time- and batch correction strategies. From 3 µg to 5 µg of unfractionated tryptic digests that are obtained from proteomics-typical amounts of starting material, microLC-SWATH-MS quantifies up to 4000 human or 1750 yeast proteins in an hour or less. In the acquisition of 750 yeast proteomes, retention times varied between 2% and 5%, and quantified the typical peptide with 5–8% signal variation in replicates, and below 20% in samples acquired over a five-months period. Providing precise quantities without being dependent on the latest hardware, our study demonstrates that the combination of microflow chromatography and data-independent acquisition strategies has the potential to overcome current bottlenecks in academia and industry, enabling the cost-effective generation of precise quantitative proteomes in large scale.
Psychophysical Laws and the Superorganism
Authors: Reina Andreagiovanni , Bose Thomas , Trianni Vito , Marshall James A. R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThrough theoretical analysis, we show how a superorganism may react to stimulus variations according to psychophysical laws observed in humans and other animals. We investigate an empirically-motivated honeybee house-hunting model, which describes a value-sensitive decision process over potential nest-sites, at the level of the colony. In this study, we show how colony decision time increases with the number of available nests, in agreement with the Hick-Hyman law of psychophysics, and decreases with mean nest quality, in agreement with Piéron’s law. We also show that colony error rate depends on mean nest quality, and difference in quality, in agreement with Weber’s law. Psychophysical laws, particularly Weber’s law, have been found in diverse species, including unicellular organisms. Our theoretical results predict that superorganisms may also exhibit such behaviour, suggesting that these laws arise from fundamental mechanisms of information processing and decision-making. Finally, we propose a combined psychophysical law which unifies Hick-Hyman’s law and Piéron’s law, traditionally studied independently; this unified law makes predictions that can be empirically tested.