bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traffic Accidents: A Historical and Socio-Legal Analysis of Road Safety Challenges
Authors: Melnykova Dariia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines the socio-legal aspects of the formation of the concept of a traffic accident, exploring its evolution from the late 19th century to the present day. The rapid growth of motor vehicles and the increasing complexity of road systems have necessitated the development of legal frameworks and safety regulations to address the risks posed by traffic accidents. The study highlights key legal milestones, such as the official introduction of the term “traffic accident” at the 1949 Geneva Conference, and analyzes the role of societal attitudes toward road safety and personal responsibility. It also delves into the cultural factors influencing traffic behavior, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive safety culture that involves drivers, pedestrians, and state regulation. By assessing the socio-legal dynamics, the article provides insights into the challenges of ensuring road safety and reducing the social and economic consequences of traffic accidents.
Politicisation of the European Union in Slovenia in the Twenty Years of its Membership
Authors: Lajh Damjan , Novak Meta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ever since Slovenia became independent, the European idea has been viewed fondly by the political elite and the public. The absence of any successful Eurosceptic parties has meant the main goals concerning European integration became national projects. Euroscepticism has remained limited, although in more recent years politicisation has steadily grown through political parties’ positions on EU issues. At the same time, the country’s political elite has lost sight of the specific strategy Slovenia should play in the EU. Moreover, alignment with other EU member states has begun to vary depending on the ruling party. After twenty years of membership, this has led to Slovenia being seen as one of the more submissive actors in EU policymaking. In the article, by applying an analytical framework of politicisation, we consider the changing attitudes to the EU in Slovenia through the twenty years of its membership. The central research question is: in which ways have European issues become politicised over the last twenty years in Slovenia? The research question is addressed by considering a chronological approach and analysis of events, participation in European elections and public opinion data. We argue that, as a newer member state, Slovenia politicises European issues to a limited extent.
Silent Struggles: Exploring Apathy and Civic Passivity among Czech Citizens in Debt Enforcement
Authors: Šmatera Václav , Pinková Aneta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This research paper presents a novel contribution to the field by addressing an important and previously neglected issue: the impact of debt enforcement actions on the political views of Czech citizens. The study employs a qualitative research design and draws on data collected through interviews with individuals who have experienced debt enforcement. Specifically, the study focuses on how these individuals perceive state power and politics, revealing a concerning pattern of alienation from the state. Notably, most participants did not seek assistance or advice from state institutions when facing debt enforcement, exhibiting apathy, critical attitudes and civic passivity. These results are significant, as they introduce a potentially important explanatory variable in citizens’ political attitudes, with potential implications extending beyond the Czech Republic to other former Eastern Bloc countries.
Role of Central Executive Authorities in the Formation and Implementation of the State National Memory Policy in Ukraine
Authors: Vlasenko Svitlana , Honiukova Liliia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In Ukraine there is a powerful public demand for national memory policy because, in the context of the Russo -Ukrainian war, the awareness of the Ukrainian civil identity has intensified. Therefore, revising the system of public administration in the field of national memory is relevant, given the compliance with European standards for the formation and implementation of European collective memory. In view of this, this article is aimed at researching the central executive authorities that ensure the formation and implementation of the state policy on national memory in Ukraine. The achievement of this goal is carried out by determining the subjects of the state policy on national memory in Ukraine, analysing their functional duties, structural and organisational characteristics, regulatory support, as well as relationships and interaction during the formation and implementation of the policy on national memory. It is established that Ukraine has an extensive multi -level system of public administration in the field of national memory, which is made up of state authorities and local self -government, as well as various institutions of civil society. Finally, an effective state policy on national memory is possible only if a strategy and clear mechanisms for its implementation by state institutions are developed with the obligatory involvement of the public.
Agreement between different eGFR equations in diagnosing contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing elective coronary or peripheral angiography
Authors: Somkereki Cristina , Nicoară Tunde Renata , Oprica Mădălina , Demian Liliana , Scridon Alina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
In the present study, we aimed to compare CKD-EPI, MDRD, CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C equations and serum cystatin C and NGAL levels changes in assessing the occurrence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients undergoing coronary and peripheral angiography and to evaluate the agreement between the CKD-EPI formula and the other parameters.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed in patients hospitalized with stable coronary artery disease and/or peripheral vascular disease, who underwent diagnostic and/or therapeutic invasive angiography using iodinated contrast agents. Standard laboratory parameters, NGAL, cystatin C levels, and eGFR were evaluated at admission and 48 hours after contrast substances exposure.

Results
Per different proposed definitions for CI-AKI, 7 patients (17.5 %) had a more than > 0.3 mg/dl increase in serum creati-nine, 1 (2.5 %) had a > 25 % increase in serum cystatin C and 9 (22.5 %) had a > 25% increase in serum NGAL. The agreement between attributions based on CKD-EPI was excellent with MDRD (K coefficient 0.875), and modest with CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin, which had also a modest agreement with MDRD (K coefficient 0.285). An increase in cystatinc C of more than 25% from baseline was not in concordance with a significant decrease in eGFR calculated with any equation, and the same was observed for NGAL.

Conclusions
In the present study, the performance of the CKD-EPI equation in diagnosing CI-AKI was not significantly better or worse than MDRD, CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin, serum creatinine, NGAL or cystatin C increase.
A comprehensive review of glycocalyx investigation and therapeutic applications in sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Muntean Anastasia , Ambros Ala , Cojocari Sergiu , Maximciuc Ștefan , Cumpătă Serghei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is a global health challenge that causes more than 11 million deaths annually and represents a substantial medical and economic burden. With rising treatment costs and significant mortality rates associated with organ dysfunction and septic shock, research efforts have focused on investigating the mechanism of glycocalyx (GCX) degradation as well as its regenerative capacity. Therefore, GCX has become a target in therapeutic strategies.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive review of articles published in PubMed database between 2014 and 2024, in the English language, dealing with statistical data, morphological and physiological aspects of the GCX, pathophysiological mechanisms, in vivo and in vitro research methods, clinical and laboratory experiences, therapeutic strategies, and innovative methods of prevention, both in the context of sepsis and its associated complications.

Results
The database search identified 300 records on the topic. After title/abstract screening, 187 articles were assessed in full text for eligibility, including articles with additional topics addressing the main topic. Of these, a total of 70 studies were included.

Conclusions
Exploring the structure of GCX holds real potential in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis and its complications. Current research focuses on understanding GCX degradation, correlating its components with sepsis severity, predicting disease progression, and evaluating the impact of therapeutic strategies on GCX components.
Investigation of cytokine changes and deiminated proteins in LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglial cells
Authors: Demirel Gamze , Gürbilek Mehmet , Koçak Nadir , Özdemir Ebru Marzioğlu , Deniz Çiğdem Damla 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Recent studies show that, deimination, one of the post-translational modifications, is associated with the neuro-degenerative disease process. Peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze deimination, PAD2 is particularly active in the central nervous system. This study aimed to examine the changes in proteins regarding deimination by inducing inflammation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the BV2 microglial cell line and observe the changes in cytokines.

Methods
LPS was applied to the microglial cell line. The change in Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was observed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting with F95 antibody was performed to identify deimine proteins. To determine whether C-reactive protein (CRP) was changed, immunoprecipitation with anti-CRP antibody or not was followed by western blotting with F95 antibody. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to determine the change in PAD2 and CRP expression levels.

Results
A significant increase in IL-1β due to inflammation was observed in microglia. An increase in the proteins subjected to deimination was observed by Western blot method and it was determined that CRP was deiminated. A statistically significant decrease in PAD2 expression level was observed by RT-PCR.

Conclusions
In the present study, an increase in IL 1-β levels and the amount of deimination protein was observed as a result of inflammation.This result confirms that there is a connection between neurodegeneration and deimination. This study is the first to show that CRP is one of the deiminated protein candidates as a result of inflammation in microglia.
The Landscape as a Pillar of the Metropolis of Tomorrow: Sustainable Strategies for Better Integration in Annaba, Algeria
Authors: Kader Imene Khouloud , Aichour Boujemaa , Noui Nassira 
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aims to address the urban and landscape challenges faced by Annaba, a city in Algeria, due to environmental degradation resulting from rapid urbanisation and rural-to-urban migration. Once celebrated for its natural beauty, Annaba now seeks to restore its appeal and improve the quality of life for its residents. The objective is to demonstrate how integrating the landscape into urban planning can play a crucial role in sustainable development, preserving the city's unique identity, and enhancing its social, ecological, and aesthetic environment.

Methods: Our approach involves a thorough analysis of Annaba’s landscape characteristics and biodiversity, exploring strategies for reintegration into urban planning frameworks. We focus on the coastal landscape as a primary asset in planning recommendations. This study reviews existing literature on sustainable urban planning, biodiversity conservation, and landscape integration in cities experiencing similar environmental and demographic shifts.

Results: The findings suggest that integrating landscape elements into urban planning in Annaba would significantly enhance its ecological and aesthetic appeal. A sustainable development approach that prioritises the landscape can help to combat environmental degradation, improve the quality of urban life, and strengthen the city’s identity. Specific recommendations emphasize preserving coastal and natural features to support biodiversity and attract residents and tourists alike.

Conclusion: Reintegrating landscape considerations into Annaba’s urban development strategy is essential for addressing present and future challenges. This approach would not only protect the city's natural assets but also promote a sustainable and appealing urban environment. By focusing on the landscape as a foundation of urban planning, Annaba can redefine its developmental path, offering a model of sustainable growth for other Mediterranean cities facing similar issues.
Investigation of the Durability of the Regulating Junction of the Christmas Tree Throttle
Authors: Aslanov Jamaladdin Nuraddin , Hasanov Gahraman Soyun , Huseynli Zenfira Seydi , Hasanova Naila Aga Kazim , Khankishiyeva Tamila Uzeyir , Agazade Neman Ramin 
Published: November 2024

Objective: In the research work, the issue of ensuring the stability of its details wasconsidered by studying the voltage distribution mode in the throttle control node. SolidWorks software was used to perform force analysis of the improved throttle.

Theoretical Framework: The research draws upon theories and simulations related to regulatory constructions and wear prevention.

Methodology: In the research work, the performance criteria of the improved throttle have been studied. The force analysis of the proposed throttle's regulating node was carried out using modern methods and Solidworks simulations.

Results and Discussion: The analysis of the wear occurring at the tip of the improved throttle shows that the wear resistance of this equipment is ensured, and the wear of the saddle-cutter pair, which has a hardness of HRC=55-66, amounts to 0.040...0.050 mm after 500 forward-backward cycles intended for the throttle. This is also twice smaller than the allowable limit. The processing of the conducted force analyses has proven that the performance of the improved throttle is ensured.

Research Implications: The structural force analysis of the improved throttle shows that its performance is ensured. An analytical expression has been obtained to determine the maximum value of the radial stresses occurring at the tip of the throttle. It has been found that the safety factor for bending stress in the central zone of the throttle tip is equal to 2.5.

Originality/Value: Based on simulations and analytical calculations, the radial stresses generated at the tip of the nozzle were investigated, and the longevity of the improved nozzle was enhanced based on new approaches.
Analysis of Management Practices in A Non-Governmental Organization
Authors: Sousa Valter João de , Richetto Marco Rogério Silva , Moura Roque Antônio de , Oliveira Márcia Regina de , Silva Messias Borges 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This research sought to analyze the current practices of an NGO in the city of São José dos Campos, which works to assist children and adolescents with disabilities, with the aim of identifying opportunities for improvement in this management tool.

Theoretical Framework: The economic and social conditions of part of the Brazilian population demand a level of welfare that the government is unable to provide. People with financial and health needs depend on some form of assistance to achieve minimum survival conditions. In this context, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) acquire fundamental importance for this population.

Method: The methodology adopted used descriptive research, through a case study. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews.

Results and Discussion: The results were used to identify the main flaws in the application of the NGO's strategic planning, from the point of view of its managers.

Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research show that strategic planning in organizations requires a formal structure to minimize risks to its survival.

Originality/Value: This study contributed to corroborating that strategic planning is a fundamental tool for the success of these organizations, however, they must comply with implementation criteria to obtain the best results.
Gene-Based Targeting for Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia and Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Sara Pollanen  , Syan Rohaan 
Published: November 2024

Familial hypercholesterolemia, characterized by high levels of LDL cholesterol is a monogenic metabolic disorder linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Several genetic mutations in genes such as LDLR and PSK9 are thought to cause familial hypercholesterolemia. This ultimately causes dysfunction of the LDLR pathway, increasing circulating LDL levels. Current treatment revolves around decreasing LDL cholesterol levels in the blood. Statins are the current gold standard while sterol absorption inhibitors (ezetimibe) and PCSK9 inhibitors (evolocumab) are either used as primary treatment in individuals with statin intolerance, or supplementary treatment otherwise. However, CRISPR-Cas9 offers an upstream therapeutic intervention, inducing mutations in pathogenic genes (such as LDLR) to upregulate or downregulate gene expression and subsequently reduce LDL cholesterol levels. This technology thus has great potential as a two-fold treatment option, offering an effective solution for familial hypercholesterolemia, while simultaneously diminishing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A limitation to current research exists in the sole analysis of monogenic factors in genetic screening, thus polygenic, multifactorial analyses are required to assess more holistic treatment plans. Furthermore, there exist current limitations to CRISPR-Cas9 including ethical limitations and social considerations revolving around the perpetuation of social inequities through technology necessitating future research on global health policies.
Suspected hypogonadism and the importance of confirming the diagnosis - a case report
Authors: Marian Simon , McIntyre Peter 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Hypogonadism is a common problem in middle-aged males and is often encountered in the primary care setting. Failure to accurately diagnose hypogonadism can lead to unintended consequences such as missing secondary causes or enabling anabolic steroid abuse.

Case Presentation:
A 44-year-old male presented to the endocrinology clinic for further evaluation of abnormal testosterone levels. The patient had received a diagnosis of hypogonadism and was prescribed weekly testosterone injections, which he took for several weeks, but then discontinued therapy due to ineffective response. Serial laboratory evaluation revealed contradictory results and upon further investigation, an anabolic steroid screen returned positive for boldenone, an androgen used in veterinary medicine. After 4 months, his laboratories were repeated and showed a low total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (free T), with luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) inappropriately normal. Therapy was restarted using an FDA-approved formulation of testosterone and on subsequent follow-up, the patient had an improvement clinically and his repeat TT levels were normal, with free T slightly elevated.

Conclusion:
There are two main takeaway points from this case that we would like to emphasize. First, a complete diagnostic evaluation of hypogonadism is vital to avoid missing potential secondary causes. Second, initiating testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) prematurely can obscure the diagnostic workup and potentially facilitate testosterone abuse.
Tver in the XV Century: a Dream about Ideal Town
Authors: Е.Л. КОНЯВСКАЯ 
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена рассмотрению влияния, которое оказало на развитие Тверского княжества (в первую очередь, на Бориса Александровича Тверского) посещение тверским посольством Ферраро-Флорентийского собора. Проведено сопоставление представлений об идеале просвещенного правителя в ренессансной Италии и в Твери.
The article is devoted to the consideration of the infl uence that had on the development of the Tver principality (fi rst of all, Boris Tverskoi) a visit of the Tver embassy, which was sent to the Ferrara-Florentine Council. A comparison of the ideas about the ideal ruler in the Renaissance Italy and in Tver is made.
Последние прогрессивные изменения в уголовном законодательстве Китая: анализ поправок к Уголовному кодексу КНР
Authors: Цян Чжан 
Published: November 2024

В статье подробно анализируются последние прогрессивные изменения в уголовном законодательстве Китая. В качестве объекта анализа взяты последние поправки к Уголовному кодексу Китайской Народной Республики: поправка (XI) и поправка (XII). Анализ показывает, что, с одной стороны, УК КНР уделяет больше вниманий соблюдению и защите прав человека, особенно прав несовершеннолетних, а также общественной безопасности. С другой стороны, УК КНР позитивно отреагировал на социальные проблемы, в результате чего ужесточилось наказание за экологические преступления и принято превентивное законодательство о преступлениях в сфере биобезопасности. Особое значение имеет тот факт, что УК КНР придается большое значение в обеспечении экономического развития. Поправки к УК Китая усилили защиту прав интеллектуальной собственности, финансовой безопасности и имущественных прав частных предприятий.
The article provides a detailed analysis of the latest progressive changes in China's criminal law. The object of analysis is the latest amendments to the Criminal Code of the People's Republic of China: Amendment (XI) and Amendment (XII). The analysis shows that, on the one hand, the Criminal Code of the People's Republic of China pays more attention to the observance and protection of human rights, especially the rights of minors, as well as public safety. On the other hand, the Criminal Code of the People's Republic of China has responded positively to social problems, as a result of which the punishment for environmental crimes has been tightened and preventive legislation on crimes in the field of biosecurity has been adopted. Of particular importance is the fact that the Criminal Code of the People's Republic of China attaches great importance to ensuring economic development. Amendments to the Criminal Code of the People's Republic of China have strengthened the protection of intellectual property rights, financial security and property rights of private enterprises.