bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis Does Not Increase Risk of Complications in Free Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Graziano Francis D. , Amakiri Uchechukwu O. , Levy Jacob , Shammas Ronnie L. , Rubin Jonathan , Boe Lillian , Matros Evan , Mehrara Babak J. , Allen Robert J. , Nelson Jonas A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients undergoing abdominal‐based free flap breast reconstruction are at risk for perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE), but the optimal anticoagulation protocol remains unknown. We hypothesized that a standardized chemoprophylaxis protocol would minimize VTE events without increasing hematoma, flap loss, or reoperation.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent abdominal‐based free flap breast reconstruction from 2010 to 2023. In 2015, we implemented an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol including preoperative enoxaparin. Patients with a BMI < 30 and > 30 received enoxaparin for 7 and 30 days postoperatively, respectively. 2010–2015 patients were pre‐ERAS and 2015–2023 patients were the ERAS cohort. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes were analyzed. The primary outcomes were VTE, hematoma, flap loss, and reoperation.Results2317 patients were included: 679 were pre‐ERAS and 1638 were in the ERAS cohort. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis (0.7%) and pulmonary embolism (pre‐ERAS 0.6% vs. ERAS 0.5%) was low in both cohorts with no significant differences. Hematoma (pre‐ERAS 7.2% vs. ERAS 5.5%) and reoperation (pre‐ERAS 7.8% vs. ERAS 9.7%) were similar, but the ERAS cohort had significantly lower flap failure (0.7% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.05).ConclusionsA standardized perioperative anticoagulation protocol for abdominal‐based breast reconstruction maintained low VTE rates without increasing hematoma, flap failure, or reoperation.
Defects in Ligand‐Exchange‐Passivated Mixed‐Halide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals for X‐ray Imaging
Authors: Xing Gaoyuan , Cui Endian , Yuan Xiangyang , Wang Bing , Zhao Yanan , Tang Jianfeng , Chen Jiucun , Liu Jing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanostructured scintillators, renowned for their exceptional miniaturization and portability, are typically designed with homogeneous dopant ion concentration profiles. While these profiles facilitate consistent optical properties, they may pose challenges in terms of compromising light emission intensity and overall scintillation efficiency. A pressing issue in the field of X‐ray flat‐panel minidetectors is the lack of specific and innovative strategies to significantly enhance radioluminescence capabilities, which has hindered further advancements. This research showcases an efficacious strategy for synthesizing ligand‐exchange‐passivated mixed‐halide double perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) tailored for their remarkable scintillation capabilities. The mixed‐halide composition is fine‐tuned via anion exchange between Bi3+ and Tb3+‐doped Cs2AgInCl6 NCs and potassium bromide (KBr). Additionally, the initial oleic acid ligands are substituted with 1‐dodecanethiol (1‐DT), effectively compensating for inherent halogen vacancies and mitigating halide ion migration. The underlying passivation mechanism is elucidated through a comprehensive approach that combined spectroscopic experiments and theoretical calculations. Consequently, the fabricated transparent scintillator films, incorporating synthesized mixed‐halide double perovskite NCs, exhibit a high light yield of ≈20 952 photons MeV−1, a sensitive detection limit of 207.5 nGyair s−1, exceptional spatial resolution of 8.1 lp mm−1, and unparalleled stability under prolonged X‐ray irradiation.
Synergistic effect of MXene‐CNT as effective nanofillers for enhancing the vibration properties of honeycomb cored sandwich composite plates: An experimental and numerical study
Authors: Bodduru Kamesh , Palanippan Sathish Kumar , Siengchin Suchart , Kassa Mesfin Kebede , Singh Lavish Kumar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the present work, the vibration behavior of honeycomb cored multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and Ti3C2Tx‐MXene reinforced sandwich composite plate has been investigated. The elastic properties of two‐phase (Ti3C2Tx‐MXene‐MWCNT)/epoxy sandwich composite were evaluated by utilizing the Halpin‐Tsai method. Then, glass fiber was incorporated as reinforcement, and the elastic characteristics of the hybridized three phase composite were obtained using the Chamis analytical model. The vibration behavior of sandwich panels was investigated with the help of finite element formulation by obtaining the strain fields using high‐order shear deformation theory. The developed numerical model was experimentally validated, demonstrating its efficacy in predicting the natural frequencies of sandwich composite panels under varying conditions. Nano‐filler reinforcement consistently increased natural frequencies across all vibration modes, regardless of boundary conditions. A parametric study revealed that natural frequency monotonically increased with higher aspect ratio and weight fraction of MWCNTs and Ti3C2Tx‐MXene. However, the thickness ratio had a significantly greater effect on natural frequency than other parameters. Clamping conditions also affected vibration behavior, with natural frequencies following the order: CFFF < SSSS < SFSF < CFCF < CSCS < CCCC. Regarding the transverse response, the root mean square velocity decreased with increasing MXene/CNT concentration and aspect ratio, attributed to enhanced stiffness and load‐bearing capacity of the hybrid sandwich composite. This study offers valuable insights for effective utilization of different types of nanoparticles in conjunction and design and development of nanoparticle‐reinforced sandwich composites, aiding in the prediction of the vibration behavior of these nanostructures.Highlights
Synergetic effect of MWCNT and MXene on the natural frequency are revealed
Numerical and experimental techniques are applied to measure the natural frequency
Effect of nano‐filler concentration, aspect ratio and boundary conditions are studied
CNT exerted more pronounced impact on vibration behavior than the MXene
RMA velocity decreased with increase in the concentration and aspect ratio of nano‐fillers
Additive manufacturing of a polyamide 12 and silica nanocomposite: A route for the reusability of a thermoplastic selective laser sintering powder
Authors: Kaba Onur , Shah Asma Tufail , Dudaško Dominik , Jain Nishant , Bertz Tobias , Görke Oliver , Gurlo Aleksander 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA route for the synthesis and additive manufacturing of a polymer‐silica nanocomposite with polyamide 12 (PA12) polymer as the matrix material and silica nanoparticles as the reinforcing filler, has been presented in this work to enable the reusability of PA12 powder waste. PA12 powder formerly has been used in selective laser sintering to manufacture customized implants and lightweight structural components in the medical, automotive, and aerospace industries. Nano‐sized silica particles with varying dispersibility have been used as a filler with different weight contents (1% and 3%) in PA12 composites. These nanoparticles were coated with polyvinyl alcohol to achieve uniform dispersion. The nanocomposite filaments have been extruded and the final manufactured part has been printed by fused filament fabrication. SEM, EDX, and PSD showed that nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed, and the fabricated structures were crack‐free for adapted processing parameters. DSC, FTIR, and mechanical testing at different processing stages of the material showed enhanced mechanical and thermal properties compared to waste PA12. All manufactured composite structures showed an increase in tensile modulus and tensile strengths up to 30%. This approach can be used to improve the properties of PA12 waste and its further utilization for various applications.Highlights
Organic solvent—free method for the reinforcement of waste polyamide 12 material.
Comprehensive insight into the dispersity of nano‐silica in polymer matrix.
Increase of up to 30% tensile strength for 3 wt% nano‐silica loading.
Enhanced flexural and vibration behavior of interleaved CFRP composite joints with modified multiwalled carbon nanotube adhesives for aerospace and aircraft applications
Authors: Karthikeyan N. , Naveen Jesuarockiam 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCocured bonding and geometric modification are prominent techniques for fusing structural components in aerospace and aircraft applications. This research involved the fabrication of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymeric (CFRP) adhesive‐bonded joints utilizing novel cocuring with interleaved lamination (IL‐CC) joining techniques with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified epoxy adhesive. Additionally, the study examined the flexural and vibration characteristics of IL‐CC CFRP composite joints. The result findings 1.0 wt% MWCNTs in epoxy adhesive had the best flexural strength and modulus, 78% and 32% higher than the pure epoxy adhesive. Additionally, the IL‐CC CFRP composite joints exhibit a 285% higher flexural strength and a 47% higher modulus than the neat CC CFRP composite joints. Nevertheless, the nanofiller with a wt% of 0.25 demonstrated the highest natural frequency across three different vibration modes, which are 14%, 21%, and 25% higher than pure epoxy adhesive. An ANOVA showed that MWCNT concentrations significantly influenced performance. Using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, an artificial neural network predicted results. The overall coefficient (R) mean square error of 0.99627 is satisfactory, indicating that both outcomes are dependable and in good agreement. The results imply that IL‐CC CFRP composite joints could be used in aerospace and aircraft parts.Highlights
The IL‐CC CFRP SLJs were fabricated with MWCNT‐modified adhesive.
Attained the maximum flexural strength is 1.0 wt% MWCNT.
Attained the maximum natural frequency is 0.25 wt% MWCNT.
Statistics were analyzed using a one‐way ANOVA technique.
An ANN predicts the flexural and dynamic behavior of IL‐CC CFRP SLJs.
Fish Behaviour in a Vertical Slot Fishway: Multi‐Species Upstream Passage Success, Size Selectivity and Diel Passage Patterns in a Large Italian River
Authors: Eggers Florian , Schiavon Alfredo , Calles Olle , Watz Johan , Comoglio Claudio , Candiotto Alessandro , Nyqvist Daniel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHydropower dams come with high ecological and social costs, not least concerning longitudinal connectivity in rivers, which causes declines and sometimes local extinctions of fish species. Fishways are widely used to allow fish to pass dams, but their efficiency is highly variable between species and sites. Many species, and at places entire fish communities, remain understudied, likely hindering the implementation of effective remedial measures. Here, we studied fish passage behaviour in a vertical slot fishway in the Po River, Italy. Almost 1000 individual fish of nine species, representing the local fish community, were tagged and released within and downstream of the fishway. The only species passing the fishway at relatively high numbers were potamodromous barbel and Italian chub, and for these species passage success was positively related to fish size. Passage was more likely to occur at night than during the day for barbel, but not for chub. In relation to the dispersal of invasive species, it is noteworthy that a few individuals of wels catfish and common carp passed the fishway.
Sustainable Culinary Conservation: Pioneering Efforts to Minimize Food Waste in Ghana's Fast‐Food Industry
Authors: Adams Faizal , Mensah Amos , Ullah Ayat , Quaye Jonathan , Essel Bernard Kwamena Cobbina , Etuah Seth 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFood waste presents a significant challenge to sustainable development, with fast‐food enterprises playing a major role in this issue. This study explores the complexities of food waste management among fast‐food vendors in Ghana's Ashanti region, providing insights into the quantity, determinants, mitigation strategies, and economic impacts of food waste. Using a mixed‐method approach that includes food waste audits and surveys, we estimated the annual food waste at approximately 464 MT. Key factors influencing waste generation include education, experience, and waste management training. Demand forecasting and inventory management emerged as crucial strategies for mitigating waste, underscoring the importance of proactive planning in reducing food waste. Despite these efforts, waste disposal remains a prevalent issue, highlighting the need for more comprehensive recycling or anaerobic digestion solutions to address environmental and societal costs. Our findings indicate that enterprises with minimal food waste achieve higher profitability and larger employee sizes, demonstrating the economic advantages of effective waste reduction. Based on this evidence, we recommend five practical policies to tackle food waste challenges: implementing education and training programs, providing financial incentives, launching public awareness campaigns, enforcing regulatory measures, and fostering partnerships. By adopting these policies, policymakers and stakeholders can support fast‐food vendors in adopting sustainable practices, advancing broader sustainability goals, and building a more resilient and equitable food system.
Toward Precise Fabrication of Finite‐Sized DNA Origami Superstructures
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Dong Jinyi , Zhou Yihao , Wang Qiangbin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDNA origami enables the precise construction of 2D and 3D nanostructures with customizable shapes and the high‐resolution organization of functional materials. However, the size of a single DNA origami is constrained by the length of the scaffold strand, and since its inception, scaling up the size and complexity has been a persistent pursuit. Hierarchical self‐assembly of DNA origami units offers a feasible approach to overcome the limitation. Unlike periodic arrays, finite‐sized DNA origami superstructures feature well‐defined structural boundaries and uniform dimensions. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward precise control over the hierarchical self‐assembly of DNA origami structures and their applications in fields such as nanophotonics, biophysics, and material science. This review summarizes the strategies for fabricating finite‐sized DNA origami superstructures, including heterogeneous self‐assembly, self‐limited self‐assembly, and templated self‐assembly, along with a comparative analysis of the advantages and limitations of each approach. Subsequently, recent advancements in the application of these structures are discussed from a structure design perspective. Finally, an outlook on the current challenges and potential future directions is provided, highlighting opportunities for further research and development in this rapidly evolving field.
Introduction to Information Resilience in the Context of National Preparedness
Authors: Uusikylä Petri , Jalonen Harri , Kallunki Valdemar , Keinänen Anssi , Sommarberg Silvia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChanges in the global environment, the intricacies of decision-making, and the evolving role of social media have challenged traditional crisis preparedness and the security of supply frameworks. Securing the continuous flow of information and communication across various platforms has become a substantial challenge. The importance of information resilience in this context cannot be overstated.
Forest Planning and Continuous Cover Forestry
Authors: Mehtätalo Lauri , Kangas Annika , Eggers Jeannette , Eid Tron , Eyvindson Kyle , Lundström Johanna , Siipilehto Jouni , Öhman Karin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Forest planning requires unbiased and sufficient information on current forest resources, their anticipated dynamics under different management scenarios, and the objectives of the decision maker.

Forest planning systems need to be adapted to improve their potential to deal with continuous cover forestry (CCF).

The current forest planning systems and associated models can be adapted to group systems by treating each group as a separate calculation unit.

In the selection system, currently available growth models may not realistically describe the growth reaction of trees, which causes additional uncertainty in forest-planning calculations. Furthermore, field-data collection based on airborne laser scanning alone is not sufficient for planning of CCF, and additional field measurements are needed.

Tree-level measurements by drones open interesting opportunities for forest planning, which might be especially useful under CCF.
Harvesting of Continuous Cover Forests
Authors: Korpunen Heikki , Nuutinen Yrjö , Jylhä Paula , Eliasson Lars , Granhus Aksel , Laitila Juha , Hoffmann Stephan , Muhonen Timo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Overall forest management objectives and stand properties set the requirements and possibilities for harvesting in continuous cover forestry (CCF).

Harvester and forwarder operators play a key role in successful CCF harvesting, as both productivity and quality of work are essential factors in harvesting operations.

Optimal stand conditions improve work productivity on selection harvesting sites; harvested stem volume correlates well with work productivity in cutting, and density of remaining trees does not significantly reduce work productivity in forwarding.

Carefully executed group cutting and shelterwood harvesting can reduce the number of damaged remaining trees, which is beneficial for future tree generations.

Research-based information is needed about work productivity in harvesting, damage caused by harvesting, and optimisation of strip road and forest road networks for CCF.
Returns to women’s education within marriage: evidence from a regression discontinuity design study in China
Authors: Wang Zitong , Ou Dongshu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractApplying a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, we examine the causal impact of education on marriage outcomes by exploiting the establishment of compulsory education law (CEL) in China. Based on China’s 2005 One Percent Population Sample Survey, we find that while the CEL did not affect the probability of getting married, the increase in female educational attainment led to a significant increase in their husbands’ income and years of schooling, particularly for women living in better-educated provinces. We show that their husbands’ socioeconomic status was not directly improved by the CEL. The effect was likely driven by women’s increased competitiveness in the marriage market, enlarged social circles through work, and increased household bargaining power. Our study highlights how socio-cultural and economic contexts shape the impact of educational reforms, offering valuable insights into non-market returns to education and the dynamics of assortative mating in diverse cultural settings.
Biodesign: a means to preserving indigenous craft practices
Authors: Das Debarati 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Biodesign, an innovative multidisciplinary approach to design, addresses anthropocentric challenges by minimizing ecological footprints in product and system creation. It incorporates living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, plants and algae into products and manufacturing processes. This approach harnesses the organisms’ potential, including their metabolic activities, growth, stimuli responses, reproductive capabilities, and relationships with other life forms, to create living-like design outcomes. Indigenous communities have a historical connection to living systems in agriculture, wine making and traditional crafts, offering valuable insights.
This paper presents a real-life case study of the Kotpad craft community in Odisha, India, highlighting their challenges. As indigenous communities like the Mirigan craftsmen face pressure to integrate into the mainstream economy, there is a risk of losing their connection with nature, traditional knowledge, and unique identity. The paper envisions the possibility of Biodesign applications in indigenous craft practices and explores hypothetical approaches to problem-solving by application of Synthetic Biology to indigenous crafts preservation. It critically analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, ethical considerations and socio-economic-cultural implications for the community.
What Is Perceived When Race Is Perceived and Why It Matters for Causal Inference and Discrimination Studies
Authors: Hu Lily , Kohler-Hausmann Issa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Quantifying the causal effects of race is one of the more controversial and consequential endeavors to have emerged from the causal revolution in the social sciences. The predominant view within the causal inference literature defines the effect of race as the effect of race perception and commonly equates this effect with “disparate treatment” racial discrimination. If these concepts are indeed equivalent, the stakes of these studies are incredibly high as they stand to establish or discredit claims of discrimination in courts, policymaking circles and public opinion. This paper interrogates the assumptions upon which this enterprise has been built. We ask: what is a perception of race, a perception of, exactly? Drawing on a rich tradition of work in critical race theory and social psychology on racial cognition, we argue that perception of race and perception of other decision-relevant features of an action situation are often co-constituted; hence, efforts to distinguish and separate these effects from each other are theoretically misguided. We conclude that empirical studies of discrimination must turn to defining what constitutes just treatment in light of the social differences that define race.
Variation in states’ discursive (de)legitimation of international institutions: The case of the Arctic Council
Authors: Olczak Nicholas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Governance institutions such as the Arctic Council face ongoing (de)legitimation that impacts the broader legitimacy beliefs which enable them to govern effectively. Research has increasingly studied how different actors engage in legitimation and delegitimation that bolster or challenge legitimacy, but there has been limited study of the variation in the (de)legitimation practices of individual states and the reasons for this variation. This article studies variation in discursive (de)legitimation of the Arctic Council by the United States and China. It advances a theoretical argument for how this variation in (de)legitimation is driven by broader political developments. Using content analysis, it maps these two states’ (de)legitimation of the Arctic Council over a 12-year period and examines evidence for this theory. The article finds that both states vary considerably in their (de)legitimation of the Arctic Council over time. Changes in the intensity of their (de)legitimation are found to be linked to political developments including heightened security tensions, positive/negative shifts in environmental politics, and institutional changes. This contributes empirical evidence and new theoretical insights to the body of research about how different actors engage in (de)legitimation of global governance.