bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eddy current quantitative evaluation of high-speed railway contact wire cracks based on neural network
Authors: Zhou Xueying , Sun Wentao , Zhang Zehui , Zhang Junbo , Chen Haibo , Li Hongmei 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to study the quantitative evaluation method of contact wire cracks by analyzing the changing law of eddy current signal characteristics under different cracks of contact wire of high-speed railway so as to provide a new way of thinking and method for the detection of contact wire injuries of high-speed railway.Design/methodology/approachBased on the principle of eddy current detection and the specification parameters of high-speed railway contact wires in China, a finite element model for eddy current testing of contact wires was established to explore the variation patterns of crack signal characteristics in numerical simulation. A crack detection system based on eddy current detection was built, and eddy current detection voltage data was obtained for cracks of different depths and widths. By analyzing the variation law of eddy current signals, characteristic parameters were obtained and a quantitative evaluation model for crack width and depth was established based on the back propagation (BP) neural network.FindingsNumerical simulation and experimental detection of eddy current signal change rule is basically consistent, based on the law of the selected characteristics of the parameters in the BP neural network crack quantitative evaluation model also has a certain degree of effectiveness and reliability. BP neural network training results show that the classification accuracy for different widths and depths of the classification is 100 and 85.71%, respectively, and can be effectively realized on the high-speed railway contact line cracks of the quantitative evaluation classification.Originality/valueThis study establishes a new type of high-speed railway contact wire crack detection and identification method, which provides a new technical means for high-speed railway contact wire injury detection. The study of eddy current characteristic law and quantitative evaluation model for different cracks in contact line has important academic value and practical significance, and it has certain guiding significance for the detection technology of contact line in high-speed railway.
An analysis of outdoor thermal comfort impact on pedestrian walking patterns at sub-hour timescales with agent-based modelling
Authors: Muslimin Rizal , Brasier Nathan 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study aims to analyse the impact of outdoor climate, building configuration and locations of public amenities on pedestrians’ walking behaviour and their outdoor thermal comfort. As outdoor climate can rapidly change within minutes, this study maintains that outdoor thermal comfort should be analysed at the pedestrian scale and within a short period to understand people’s walking behaviour and how it may affect urban activities.Design/methodology/approachThis research analyses the thermal stresses experienced by pedestrians and their walking patterns within a sub-hour timeframe in Darling Square, Sydney. The simulation incorporates multiple outdoor climate analyses with agent-based modelling (ABM) simulation; it runs on a parametric modelling platform to predict walking patterns according to the agents’ innate properties, goals and environmental constraints as the weather fluctuates.FindingsThis study demonstrates that mapping outdoor thermal comfort within a shorter timescale could reveal emergent walking patterns that inform pedestrians’ preferences of their surrounding environment and their walking behaviour.Practical implicationsThe findings could inform planners and stakeholders on how outdoor climate and building configuration affect pedestrian walking patterns for improving outdoor space quality during the design process or post-occupancy evaluation.Originality/valueThis study integrates ABM that incorporates multiple agents’ goals and innate properties and a micro-climate analysis on diverse context geometries under sub-hour periods, compatible with the pedestrian walking speed and distances at the neighbourhood scale.
Diversity, equality and inclusion maturity model: setting new standards in responsible business education – evidence from PRME reports
Authors: Karwowska Elżbieta , Tomczak Michał T. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Creating diverse, equal and inclusive (DEI) environments is an important and relevant area of research on corporate social responsibility (CSR). This paper aims to identify recent trends in the business schools context, as they are primary sources of ethical management innovation. The paper also aims to identify business school DEI maturity levels.

Design/methodology/approach
The research design is qualitative. Using thematic analysis, the authors explored all the available and relevant (19) Principal for Responsible Management Education (PRME) Champions’ reports regarding their activities in 2022 and 2023. Based on the data, the authors developed the Diversity, Equality and Inclusion Maturity Model (DEIMM) in Business Schools, including the DEI maturity scale. The scale was used to explore the recent trends in four main areas: management, teaching, research and the third mission of the business schools.

Findings
The most prominent theme across the dataset is gender equality. The authors also identified new practices, including Indigenous people’s inclusion and decolonisation, neurodiversity, homelessness destigmatisation, period destigmatisation and scientific disciplines’ anti-discrimination. These activities were observed at various maturity levels, fitting all levels of our maturity model.

Research limitations/implications
This may suggest that business schools not only emulate business trends but also are prone to create their path to diversity, equality and inclusion.

Originality/value
This model can provide a starting point for developing tools for assessing the DEI maturity of business schools and other organisations, i.e. indicating the stage at which a school or a company is on its path to achieving DEI maturity, which creates an important contribution to the CSR research.
The Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Pelvic Floor Muscles in Chronic Pelvic Pain Patients: A Double‐Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Spruijt Melle A. , Klerkx Wenche M. , Notten Kim , van Eijndhoven Hugo , Speksnijder Leonie , Kerkhof Manon H. , Kluivers Kirsten B. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of Botulinum Toxin A (BTA) injections versus placebo injections, combined with pelvic floor muscle therapy (PFMT), in women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP).DesignRandomised, double‐blinded clinical trial (January 2020–April 2023).SettingThis multicentre study was conducted at four hospitals in the Netherlands.Population and SampleNinety‐four women with CPP and increased pelvic floor muscle tone despite previous PFMT, were enrolled.MethodsParticipants received either BTA injections (100 units) or placebo injections into the pelvic floor muscle, followed by four PFMT sessions.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes included the number of women with at least a 33% reduction in pain and those reporting (very) much improvement of their pain. Secondary outcomes covered quality of life and pelvic floor function. Follow‐up visits were scheduled at 4, 8, 12, and 26 weeks post‐treatment. Mixed models for repeated measurements were used for analysis.ResultsA 33% reduction or more in average pain score was reported by 15 participants (33%) after BTA treatment and 9 participants (20%) after placebo treatment (odd ratio placebo/BTA 1.88; 95% CI 0.72–4.90, p = 0.19). In both groups, 8 women (17%) reported their improvement as (very) much better (odd ratio placebo/BTA 0.947; 95% CI 0.32–2.80, p = 0.92). Pelvic floor resting activity decreased significantly after BTA treatment compared to placebo (p = 0.001).ConclusionThe results from this study do not support the use of BTA injections in the management of CPP in women.
Sickle cell trait in non‐firearm arrest‐related deaths of Black persons
Authors: Kroll Mark W. , Wolf Dwayne A. , Hail Stacey L. , Zemrus Tasha L. , Kunz Sebastian , Williams Howard E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe role of sickle cell trait (SCT) in sudden exertional death is well‐recognized in sports and military training. However, it is not yet studied for non‐firearm arrest‐related death (NF‐ARD). With extensive multi‐pronged searches, a large database (n = 1389) of NF‐ARDs was established. For the years 2006–2021 (inclusive) there were 50 NF‐ARDs of Black persons in which postmortem evidence of SCT was found. A control cohort consisted of 414 NF‐ARDs of Black persons with no reported SCT. The mean age for SCT cases was 33.1 ± 10.4 years versus 37.0 ± 10.4 years for the control group (p = 0.01). The body‐mass index for SCT cases was 28.3 ± 6.6 kg/m2 versus 30.7 ± 7.6 kg/m2 for the control group (p = 0.03). The prevalence of cardiomegaly was 21% for SCT cases versus 39% in the control cohort (p = 0.008). The postmortem prevalence of SCT in NF‐ARDs of Black persons (n = 50, 10.7%) was higher than the prevalence of SCT in the US Black population, which is 7.1% (p = 0.003). In this study of NF‐ARDs in Black persons, the prevalence of SCT and the differences between the SCT cases and the control cohort suggest that exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait may be a contributory factor in NF‐ARDs.
Aged hippocampal single‐cell atlas screening unveils disrupted neuroglial system in postoperative cognitive impairment
Authors: Suo Zizheng , Xiao Ting , Qu Yinyin , Zheng Yuxiang , Xu Wenjie , Zhou Bowen , Yang Jing , Yu Jie , Zheng Hui , Ni Cheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlia–neuron interaction is a crucial feature in aged hippocampus during the occurrence of postoperative cognitive impairment. However, the regulatory effects of microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in this glia–neuron interaction, the potential mechanisms and gene targets are still to be elucidated. Here, single‐cell RNA sequencing was performed to detect the perioperative genomic expression characteristics of neuroglial system in the hippocampus of aged mice, and to investigate the potential cross‐cellular mechanisms and valuable treatment options for glia–neuron interaction‐related cognitive impairment. We found that postoperative neurons and glia cells exhibited protein dysmetabolism and mitochondrial electron misrouting. Impaired autophagy and circadian rhythm worsened microglia activation/neuroinflammation, and exacerbated these metabolic alterations. Reactive microglia also aggravated astrocyte and oligodendrocyte cytotoxicity through the PGD2/DP and complement pathways, altering glutamate level and synaptic function via the “tripartite synapses” model, and affecting neuronal myelination. Ligand‐receptor communication also indicated these synaptic and axonal dysfunctions via enhanced MDK and PTN pathways. Additionally, we found that anesthetic dexmedetomidine hold therapeutic potential within the disrupted neuroglial system. It enhanced neuronal metabolic rebalance (Atf3‐related) and reduced neuroinflammation from a multicellular perspective, therefore improving postoperative cognitive impairment. Together, our study proposes an aged hippocampal cell atlas and provides insights into the role of disrupted glia–neuron cycle in postoperative cognitive impairment. Our findings also elucidate the therapeutic potential and mechanism of dexmedetomidine intervention.
Banking competition and corporate risk: Micro evidence from China
Authors: Cai Xianjun , Wen Subin , Huang Jiaming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough an extensive body of research examines the impact of banking competition on the overall economy, less is known about how banking competition affects corporate risk. Using a sample of more than 12,909 firm‐year observations covering the period from 2001 to 2019, we find that increased banking competition significantly elevates corporate risk. The mechanism analysis indicates that bank competition promotes increased corporate risk‐taking by easing financing constraints. The observed effects are particularly strong among firms in their startup and growth stages, those operating in high‐interest rate environments, regions with lower levels of financial competition and industries characterised by intense product market competition. This paper sheds light on the understanding of the relationship between corporate risk and banking competition in one of the most important emerging economies. The take‐away lesson for policy‐makers here is to provide guidance for carefully considering the trade‐offs between increased banking competition and potential risks to financial stability. Also, banks need to strike a balance between fostering healthy competition and maintaining prudent risk management practices.
Key insights into cannabis‐cancer pathobiology and genotoxicity
Authors: Reece Albert Stuart , Hulse Gary Kenneth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhilst mitochondrial inhibition and micronuclear fragmentation are well established features of the cannabis literature mitochondrial stress and dysfunction has recently been shown to be a powerful and direct driver of micronucleus formation and chromosomal breakage by multiple mechanisms. In turn genotoxic damage can be expected to be expressed as increased rates of cancer, congenital anomalies and aging; pathologies which are increasingly observed in modern continent‐wide studies. Whilst cannabinoid genotoxicity has long been essentially overlooked it may in fact be all around us through the rapid induction of aging of eggs, sperm, zygotes, foetus and adult organisms with many lines of evidence demonstrating transgenerational impacts. Indeed this multigenerational dimension of cannabinoid genotoxicity reframes the discussion of cannabis legalization within the absolute imperative to protect the genomic and epigenomic integrity of multiple generations to come.
‘They got my back’: Thematic analysis of relationship building in nurse home visiting in Aboriginal communities
Authors: Gregory Alexandra , Wild Kayli , Aquino Danielle , Robinson Gary 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe client–practitioner relationship is the cornerstone of nurse home‐visiting programs. Little is understood about how relationship‐based maternal and early childhood health care is perceived by women in remote Aboriginal communities. As part of an evaluation of nurse home‐visiting in the Northern Territory, this research examines how relationships are established with clients, and what elements are valued most by women.SettingMaternal Early Childhood Sustained Home‐visiting (MECSH) is an Australian model of nurse‐led home‐visiting targeted at women facing adversity who need extra support. The model provides parenting information, health education and psychosocial support during pregnancy and the first 3 years of children's development.ParticipantsInterviews were conducted with 92 Aboriginal women and 11 practitioners including nurses, social workers and community workers.DesignQualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with convenience samples of MECSH clients and practitioners. Data were analysed using a two‐step process of structural coding and thematic analysis.ResultsTrust was the foundation of clients' positive perception of the relationship with their MECSH provider. Relationships took time to develop, often beginning with practical support to meet clients' basic needs. Practitioner dependability and flexibility to client priorities, communication, confidentiality and being helpful to the woman and her family was important. Clients emphasised emotional support and friendship.ConclusionThe relationship‐based approach was valued and consistent with culturally safe and trauma informed ways of working with Aboriginal families. Effort is required to commit to the model to address ongoing healthcare engagement and health outcomes in remote Northern Territory communities.
Measurable residual disease‐driven treatment in first‐line chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Davids M. S. , Lin K. H. , Mohamed A. I. , Munir T. , Eyre T. A. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryThe therapeutic paradigm for patients suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia continues to rapidly evolve. Fixed duration therapies continue to develop using novel–novel non‐chemotherapeutic combinations. B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitors in combination with either anti‐CD20 antibody or Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors are able to achieve deep responses. Levels of attained ‘negative’ measurable residual disease (MRD, also known as minimal residual disease) have been shown to predict survival outcomes in a number of settings, including following immunochemotherapy and BCL2‐combinations. This review will outline the current data supporting fixed duration treatment approaches, the use of MRD in clinical practice, alongside the challenges and possibilities for MRD utility in the future.
DiffPop: Plausibility‐Guided Object Placement Diffusion for Image Composition
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Zhou Hang , Wei Shida , Ma Rui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we address the problem of plausible object placement for the challenging task of realistic image composition. We propose DiffPop, the first framework that utilizes plausibility‐guided denoising diffusion probabilistic model to learn the scale and spatial relations among multiple objects and the corresponding scene image. First, we train an unguided diffusion model to directly learn the object placement parameters in a self‐supervised manner. Then, we develop a human‐in‐the‐loop pipeline which exploits human labeling on the diffusion‐generated composite images to provide the weak supervision for training a structural plausibility classifier. The classifier is further used to guide the diffusion sampling process towards generating the plausible object placement. Experimental results verify the superiority of our method for producing plausible and diverse composite images on the new Cityscapes‐OP dataset and the public OPA dataset, as well as demonstrate its potential in applications such as data augmentation and multi‐object placement tasks. Our dataset and code will be released.
Sleep and Respiratory Parameters After Lung Transplantation in Adult Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Kalkanis Alexandros , Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Vos Robin , Dupont Lieven , Buyse Bertien , Testelmans Dries 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe aimed to explore the prevalence and predictive factors of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) in patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) after lung transplantation (LTX).MethodsWe prospectively recruited adult pwCF who underwent LTX in our hospital from 2013 to 2022 and invited them for an attended overnight polysomnography (PSG) 1 year after transplantation. The apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was the primary outcome, and SDB was defined as an AHI ≥ 5. Demographic, anthropometric, cardiometabolic, drug treatment, and pulmonary function variables were compared between pwCF with and without SDB. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of SDB. For a subset of participants who had available PSG before transplantation, sleep parameters were compared pre‐post transplantation.ResultsSixty‐two pwCF (31 females) were enrolled. Thirty participants had SDB, but only 11 of them had moderate‐to‐severe SDB (AHI ≥ 15). The average Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score indicated the absence of excessive daytime sleepiness. Older age (p < 0.001), male sex (p < 0.001), and smaller thoracic gas volume (p = 0.002) significantly predicted higher AHI. Comparison between pre‐ and post‐transplantation polysomnographic data showed a significant increase in the percentage of slow wave sleep (p = 0.047), as well as a significant improvement in mean nocturnal oxygen saturation (p = 0.007). A statistically significant increase in the AHI was also observed (p = 0.047), but its clinical importance is uncertain (p = 0.476 for the increase in the ESS score).ConclusionsWe may conclude that SDB is prevalent in pwCF after LTX, but its severity is mild. Older male pwCF with greater improvement in lung hyperinflation after transplantation might be at risk for SDB and should be followed for symptoms or signs of sleep apnea.
Multi‐Modality Imaging to Detect Ischemic and Valvular Heart Disease in Adult Cancer Patients
Authors: Hugelshofer Sarah , Giacomuzzi‐Moore Bianca , Auberson Denise , Tzimas Georgios , Kamani Christel H. , Masi Ambra , Monney Pierre , Arangalage Dimitri , Poku Nana K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThanks to impressive advances in the field of oncology over the last 30 years, there has been a significant rise in cancer survivors. Nowadays, cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in this patient population. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major problem due to shared risk factors, an aging population and in many cases induced and/or accelerated atherosclerosis by antitumoral treatment during and even decades after the end of cancer therapy. Furthermore, the presence of CAD or valvular heart disease (VHD) at the time point of cancer diagnosis largely increases the risk of any cancer therapy‐related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR‐CVT). It is therefore of utmost importance to detect CAD and VHD before, during, and after certain types of chemotherapy, target therapies, and radiotherapy. Multimodality cardiovascular imaging plays a central role in this vulnerable population where individual risk stratification and multidisciplinary decision‐making are critical.
Behavior and developmental consequences of cannibalism in Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Zhou Shangchao , Li Shengbo , Zheng Xialin , Wang Xiaoyun , Lu Wen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a highly destructive agricultural pest. The ability of S. frugiperda to survive and reproduce is widely recognized, but it is also important to consider the role of larval cannibalism as a significant biological trait. Understanding the cannibalistic habits of pests helps to explore the dynamics and evolution of their populations and facilitates the monitoring of insect outbreaks. Therefore, the stages, densities, and intensity of cannibalism in S. frugiperda larvae, as well as the consequences for their development, were investigated under laboratory conditions. Spodoptera frugiperda larvae showed obvious cannibalism after the third instar even in the presence of maize (Zea mays L., Poaceae) leaves; cannibalism was not observed in first instars. In the case of only one cannibal, the percentage of prey consumed by cannibalism decreased with higher prey density, and the predatory functional responses of fourth‐ to sixth‐instar predators to first‐ to third‐instar preys were fitted using the Holling II model. Compared with larvae feeding on maize only, larvae feeding on a diet of maize supplemented with third‐instar conspecifics had a longer developmental duration and a higher body weight, with no significant differences in larval survival, pupation, or eclosion rates. Larvae supplied with conspecifics only, in the absence of maize leaves, generally had a lower body weight than larvae supplied with maize only, although developmental duration was still longer, and longevity and fecundity rates were lower for these larvae. Overall, consuming a small quantity of conspecifics in addition to maize leaves prolonged the developmental duration of larvae and pupae to some extent, increased the body weight, and did not impact the longevity or reproduction of S. frugiperda. However, cannibalism only, without access to maize leaves, had a detrimental effect on adult longevity and reproduction. These findings could serve as a valuable reference for studying the life history of insects that consume agricultural crops and may have potential applications for biological control.