bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive models in ecotoxicology: Bridging the gap between scientific progress and regulatory applicability—Remarks and research needs
Authors: Vighi Marco , Barsi Alpar , Focks Andreas , Grisoni Francesca 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

This paper concludes a special series of 7 articles (4 on toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic [TK–TD] models and 3 on quantitative structure-activity relationship [QSAR] models) published in previous issues of Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). The present paper summarizes the special series articles and highlights their contribution to the topic of increasing the regulatory applicability of effect models. For both TK–TD and QSAR approaches, we then describe the main research needs. The use of TK–TD models for describing sublethal effects must be better developed, particularly through the improvement of the dynamic energy budget (DEBtox) approach. The potential of TK–TD models for moving from lower (molecular) to higher (population) hierarchical levels is highlighted as a promising research line. Some relevant issues to improve the acceptance of QSAR models at the regulatory level are also described, such as increased transparency of the performance assessment and of the modeling algorithms, model documentation, relevance of the chosen target for regulatory needs, and improved mechanistic interpretability. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:000–000. © 2019 SETAC
Biocompatible HA@Fe3O4@N‐CDs hybrids for detecting and absorbing lead ion
Authors: Zhou Mingchen , Xie Fei , Li Guocang , Wang Qiyang , Tang Longxiang , Yan Manqing , Bi Hong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe trinary hydroxyapatite@Fe3O4@N‐doped carbon dots (HA@Fe3O4@N‐CDs) hybrids were prepared by one‐pot hydrothermal approach and utilized to detect and remove lead ion from aqueous solution. The structures and morphologies of as‐obtained nanorod‐like HA@Fe3O4@N‐CDs hybrids were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. These HA@Fe3O4@N‐CDs hybrids possess good magnetism by magnetic hysteresis test and multi‐colored fluorescence by the CLSM measurement. Furthermore, the as‐obtained hybrids display excellent biocompatibility by MTT assay. Importantly, the trinary magnetic HA@Fe3O4@N‐CDs hybrids as a green detector and adsorbent of Pb2+ were investigated. The influence of the different pH, the concentration of heavy metal, and the maximum adsorption capacity on removal efficiency was measured in detail. The maximum Pb2+ adsorption capacity on HA@Fe3O4@N‐CDs hybrids is 450 mg/g. The kinetic mechanism was a pseudo‐second order model, and the isotherm data was fitted well by the Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich model. Hence, the nanorod‐like HA@Fe3O4@N‐CDs hybrids could be a multifunctional material with significant potential applications in heavy metal detection and adsorption, bone tissue regeneration, magnetic therapy, and biomedicine. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2019.
High Postural Sway Is an Independent Risk Factor for Osteoporotic Fractures but Not for Mortality in Elderly Women
Authors: Qazi Sarang Latif , Sirola Joonas , Kröger Heikki , Honkanen Risto , Isanejad Masoud , Airaksinen Olavi , Rikkonen Toni 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the independent effect of postural sway on overall fracture and osteoporotic fracture risk after controlling for other established fracture risk factors. As a secondary outcome, mortality was also investigated. The study sample is a stratified random sample of 1568 women born between 1932 and 1941, residing in Kuopio province, eastern Finland. Fracture data were obtained through study questionnaires and verified through hospital records. Mortality data were verified through the National Registry. Using static posturography, postural sway was recorded for 1568 women at the fifth year of follow-up in 1994 through 1997. Mediolateral (ML), anteroposterior (AP), and total sway parameters were used for analysis. Mean follow-up time for any fractures, osteoporotic fractures, and mortality was 10.6, 11.4, and 17.5 years, respectively. After adjustment, subjects in the highest quartile of ML sway (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.5 to 2.8) and total sway (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.2) had a higher risk for any fracture. Osteoporotic fracture risk was also higher in the fourth quartile of ML sway (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.0) and total sway (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.8). The models were adjusted for fracture risk assessment tool risk factors and leg-extension strength. Further, women having both lowest bone density and highest postural sway were at 4.9 (95% CI, 2.6 to 9.5) times higher risk of overall fracture and 11.8 (95% CI, 2.7 to 51.3) times higher risk for osteoporotic fracture in comparison with subjects having highest bone density and lowest postural sway. The association between postural sway and mortality was not significant after adjustment. In conclusion, high postural sway is an independent risk factor for any fractures as well as for osteoporotic fractures. A combination of low bone density and high postural sway poses even higher fracture risk than either factor alone. Postural sway does not predict mortality independently. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evaluation of Nova StatStrip and FreeStyle Precision Pro blood ketone tests using 3‐hydroxybutyrate doped samples
Authors: Helmersson‐Karlqvist Johanna , Höög Hammarström Kristina , Palmberg Kicki , Backman‐Johansson Carolina 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe most clinically useful blood ketone in the diagnosis, management, and recovery of diabetes ketoacidosis in both adults and children is 3‐hydroxybutyrate. In the absence of laboratory routine methods, several point‐of‐care methods are in use, but very few clinical evaluations are published.MethodsThis study evaluates linearity and reproducibility of two handheld point‐of‐care meters for blood 3‐hydroxybutyrate measurement for hospital use, Nova StatStrip, and FreeStyle Precision Pro. Whole blood from healthy volunteers was spiked with different concentrations of a 3‐hydroxybutyrate solution and tested on the point‐of‐care instruments. The results were compared with plasma 3‐hydroxybutyrate that was analyzed with a laboratory enzymatic end point spectrophotometric reference method.ResultsBlood 3‐hydroxybutyrate on StatStrip was linear with the reference method up to approximately 4 mmol/L, and FreeStyle was linear up to 6 mmol/L. At higher concentrations, the point‐of‐care instruments gave falsely too low results, especially the StatStrip meter. The FreeStyle meter had better precision and less bias than StatStrip.ConclusionIn the acute setting of diabetes ketoacidosis, blood 3‐hydroxybutyrate in the higher ranges should be interpreted with caution as the point‐of‐care meters are less accurate there.
IDUA, NDST1, SAP30L, CRYBA4, and SI as novel prognostic signatures clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Ming‐Hui , Qiu Jian‐Guo , Xu Yong , Zhang Xue‐Hua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCarcinoma of the kidney is one of the most prevalent carcinoma worldwide. The majority types of carcinoma are clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), which consist more than 80% of the cases. As a genetically diverse disease, identification of prognosis‐related genes has utmost importance in the early diagnosis and prognosis of the CCRCC. In this study, we performed gene expression profiling to identify prognosis‐related genes for CCRCC. In addition, we developed and validated a gene signature‐based risk score to comprehensively assess the prognostic function of differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, we performed a ROC analysis to identify the optimal cut‐off point for classification risk level of the patients. Univariate Cox regression models were used to assess the association between differentially expressed genes in relation to the prognosis of patients with different stages of CCRCC. Five genes were identified significantly differentially expressed in CCRCC and associated with their survival time, namely: IDUA, NDST1, SAP30L, CRYBA4, and SI. A 5‐gene signature‐based risk score was developed based on the Cox coefficient of the individual genes. The prognostic value of this risk score was validated in an internal testing data set. In summary, a gene‐based risk score was identified and validated, which can predict CCRCC patient survival. The potential functions of this gene expression signature and individual differentially expressed gene as prognostic targets of CCRCC were revealed by this study. Furthermore, these findings may have important implications in the understanding of the potential therapeutic method for the CCRCC patients.
AZGP1 is androgen responsive and involved in AR‐induced prostate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis
Authors: Cao Runyi , Ke Min , Wu Qingxin , Tian Qian , Liu Li , Dai Zao , Lu Shan , Liu Ping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlpha‐2‐glycoprotein 1, zinc‐binding (AZGP1), known as zinc‐alpha‐2‐glycoprotein (ZAG), is a multifunctional secretory glycoprotein and relevant to cancer metastasis. Little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms of AZGP1 in prostate cancer (PCa). In the present study, we report that AZGP1 is an androgen‐responsive gene, which is involved in AR‐induced PCa cell proliferation and metastasis. In clinical specimens, the expression of AZGP1 in PCa tissues is markedly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. In cultures, expression of AZGP1 is upregulated by the androgen‐AR axis at both messenger RNA and protein levels. Furthermore, Chip‐Seq assay identifies canonical androgen‐responsive elements (AREs) at AZGP1 enhancer; and dual‐luciferase reporter assays reveal that the AREs is highly responsive to androgen whereas mutations of the AREs abolish the reporter activity. In addition, AZGP1 promotes G1/S phase transition and cell cycle progress by increasing cyclin D1 levels in PCa cells. Functional studies demonstrate that knocking down endogenous AZGP1 expression in LNCaP and CWR22Rv1 cells largely weaken androgen/AR axis‐induced cell migration and invasion. In vivo xenotransplantation tumor experiments also show that AZGP1 involves in androgen/AR axis‐mediated PCa cell proliferation. Taken together, our study implicates for the first time that
AZGP1 is an AR target gene and is involved in androgen/AR axis‐mediated cell proliferation and metastasis in primary PCa.
A diagnosis reconsidered: the symptomatic gallbladder remnant
Authors: Grossman Julie G. , Johnston William R. , Fowler Kathryn J. , Williams Gregory A. , Hammill Chet W. , Hawkins William G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients can present with symptomatic gallbladder disease after cholecystectomy due to a remnant gallbladder. This is a rare problem and challenging diagnosis with limited prior characterization; thus, we present a large series of patients with a gallbladder remnant.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all patients presenting with symptomatic gallbladder remnant at a tertiary care center from 2002 to 2016. Data on presenting symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, and follow‐up were collected.ResultsThirty‐one patients diagnosed and treated for a symptomatic gallbladder remnant were identified. The most common presenting symptoms included right upper quadrant pain (87%) and nausea (55%). The median time from symptom presentation to definitive diagnosis was 60 days. Diagnostic modalities utilized in the evaluation of these patients demonstrated that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were effective with sensitivities of 85% and 90%, respectively. Twenty‐three (76.2%) patients underwent completion cholecystectomy, which proved to be definitive treatment. Additionally, eight (25.8%) patients were non‐operative candidates and underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and sphincterotomy, three of whom developed recurrent symptoms.ConclusionA symptomatic gallbladder remnant after cholecystectomy is infrequently seen; however, the diagnosis should be considered in patients with recurrent biliary symptoms after cholecystectomy. Completion cholecystectomy can be challenging but is highly effective for definitive treatment.
New strategies for treatment of infectious sepsis
Authors: Ward Peter A , Fattahi Fatemeh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this mini review, we describe the molecular mechanisms in polymicrobial sepsis that lead to a series of adverse events including activation of inflammatory and prothrombotic pathways, a faulty innate immune system, and multiorgan dysfunction. Complement activation is a well-established feature of sepsis, especially involving generation of C5a and C5b-9, along with engagement of relevant receptors for C5a. Activation of neutrophils by C5a leads to extrusion of DNA, forming neutrophil extracellular traps that contain myeloperoxidase and oxidases, along with extracellular histones. Generation of the distal complement activation product, C5b-9 (known as the membrane attack complex, MAC), also occurs in sepsis. C5b-9 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, which damages mitochondria, together with appearance in plasma of IL-1β and IL-18. Histones are strongly proinflammatory as well as being prothrombotic, leading to activation of platelets and development of venous thrombosis. Multiorgan dysfunction is also a feature of sepsis. It is well known that septic cardiomyopathy, which if severe, can lead to death. This complication in sepsis is linked to reduced levels in cardiomyocytes of three critical proteins (SERCA2, NCX, Na+/K+-ATPase). The reductions in these three key proteins are complement- and histone-dependent. Dysfunction of these ATPases is linked to the cardiomyopathy of sepsis. These data suggest novel targets in the setting of sepsis in humans.
“Playing by the Book”: Determinants of Children's Preference for Replicating and Originating Play
Authors: Van de Sompel Dieneke , Vermeir Iris 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPlay is children's most important daily behavior and when children play, they do so in multiple ways. With two studies, this paper explores how children perceive a continuum of two play types, namely replicating play (in which models, guidelines, and examples are used to reach an intended result) and originating play (in which children create something from the mind, think freely about how they will play, are less restricted by given models, etc.). Study 1 (N = 56,Mage = 9) quantitatively shows that both play types occur and tests if children also describe the play types as we define them. Results show that children who play originating (vs. replicating) believe they follow less (vs. more) rules and do their own thing more (vs. less), which verifies the definitions of both types of play. Study 2 includes 16 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews (Mage = 10) and shows which determinants children identify as triggers for engaging in play that has more replicating or more originating elements.
Dexmedetomidine versus propofol at different sedation depths during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy: A randomized trial
Authors: Padiyara Tonsy V. , Bansal Sandeep , Jain Divya , Arora Suman , Gandhi Komal 
Published: March 2019

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and propofol on airway dynamics, cardiorespiratory system, and emergence following drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).Study DesignProspective, randomized, single‐blinded study.MethodsSixty patients age 18 to 65 years in American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status groups 1 and 2 scheduled to undergo DISE were randomly allocated to either Group P (N = 30; receiving propofol infusion at 50–150 μg/kg/min) or Group D (N = 30; receiving dexmedetomidine bolus of 1 μg/kg followed by infusion at 0.5–1.0 μg/kg/hr). DISE was done at light sleep and deep sleep. Airway obstruction at tongue base was recorded as primary outcome. Airway obstruction at velum, oropharyngeal lateral wall, and epiglottis level during light and deep sedation, hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, time to attain sufficient sedation, time for emergence from sedation, and any adverse events during DISE with the two study drugs were recorded as secondary outcomes.ResultsThere was a greater degree of obstruction at the tongue base level (P = 0.001) and Oropharynx level (P = 0.017) in Group P compared with Group D during deep sedation. Increase in airway obstruction from light to deep sleep was seen with propofol at the oropharynx (P = 0.0185) and tongue base (P = 0.0108) levels. Two patients (6.6%) in Group D and 10 patients (33.3%) in Group P showed oxygen saturation below the minimum oxygen saturation recorded during polysomnography. Time to open eyes to call after stopping sedation was significantly less in Group P (P = 0.005).ConclusionsDexmedetomidine shows a lesser degree of airway collapse and higher oxygen saturation levels at greater sedation depth during DISE. Propofol has a faster onset and emergence from sedation.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 130:257–262, 2020
The Cross‐Linking Effect on the Thermoelectric Properties of Conjugated Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films
Authors: Liu Tongchao , Shinohara Akira , Tan Guiping , Pan Chengjun , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractComposite insulating organic material with conducting inorganic nanomaterial is a promising way to compensate the electrical conductivity, which is a prerequisite for the practical realization of the organic thermoelectrics. It is demonstrated that organic–inorganic interfacial interactions play critical rules for composites' thermoelectric performance. Here, an alternative interfacial engineering approach is proposed; that is, post‐blending cross‐linking of conjugated polymers (CPs). CPs substituted by exo‐olefin side chains that can form covalent cross‐linking via ruthenium‐catalyzed olefin metathesis are newly designed and synthesized. Pre‐cross‐link CP/single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composites exhibit relatively high power factor that reach up to 70.3 µW m−1 K−2. It is found that the cross‐linking process, using second generation Grubbs reagent, is detrimental to the thermoelectric performance. Cross‐linked composites exhibit much lower power factor (0.77–19.7 µW m−1 K−2) mainly due to the low electric conductivity of the samples, while there is no significant change in Seebeck coefficient. It may be because the formation of tightly cross‐linked network hinders the transport of carriers in CP/SWCNT, resulting in a significant decrease in the electric conductivity. These structure–property relationship studies provide useful guidelines for designing organic thermoelectric materials with performance improvement and applied green processing.
Dual mode modified double square ring resonator structure at 76 GHz
Authors: Esmail Bashar Ali , Majid Huda Bin , Abidin Zuhairiah Binti Zainal , Dahlan Samsul Haimi Bin , Himdi Mohamed , Kamarudin Muhammad Ramlee , Rahim Mohamad Kamal 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDual mode modified double square ring resonator (MDSRR) operating at 76 GHz millimeter‐wave has been simulated, and experimentally verified. MDSRR structure operates in two modes, metamaterial (MTM) mode and frequency selective surface (FSS) mode, depending on the direction of the electric field. The MDSRR in the MTM mode performs well at the desired frequency region by providing the highest insertion loss, S21, as reported in the literature with a loss of −0.5 dB. The electromagnetically induced transparency principle is applied to explain the loss reduction mechanism. The low losses MTM structure has the potential to enhance the performance of the radiating elements of the automotive radar systems. Conversely, in the FSS mode, the FSS characteristics of the proposed structure are numerically simulated and verified experimentally by changing the direction of the electric field along the x‐direction, in which the structure shows opposite behavior compared to the MTM performance. To demonstrate the validity of the FSS characteristics, the MDSRRs structure was tested using a waveguide measurement facility. The experiment results match well with that of the simulation, and wideband‐stop characteristics are introduced in the range of 74 GHz to 80.3 GHz.
A unique analytical solution of the white matter standard model using linear and planar encodings
Authors: Reisert Marco , Kiselev Valerij G. , Dhital Bibek 
Published: February 2019

PurposeIt is known that white matter modeling based on commonly used linear diffusion encoding is an ill‐posed problem. We analyze the additional information gained from a double pulsed diffusion encoding.MethodsZeroth (spherical means) and second‐order (harmonic powers) rotation invariant signal features are used to factor micro‐ and mesoscopic contributions. The b‐value dependency up to second‐order of the features form 6 nonlinear equations, which are analyzed.ResultsThe 6 derived equations can be uniquely solved for all relevant biophysical parameters. No assumptions about the form of the mesoscopic contribution (fiber dispersion) is necessary. Under certain conditions the solution still shows a certain degeneracy which is inherent to model. It is further shown that a combination of second‐order information from single and spherical diffusion encoding is not enough to solve the problem.ConclusionsA combination of single and double pulsed diffusion encodings is sufficient to solve the full 3 compartment white matter model uniquely.
Markerless high‐frequency prospective motion correction for neuroanatomical MRI
Authors: Frost Robert , Wighton Paul , Karahanoğlu F. Işık , Robertson Richard L. , Grant P. Ellen , Fischl Bruce , Tisdall M. Dylan , van der Kouwe André 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo integrate markerless head motion tracking with prospectively corrected neuroanatomical MRI sequences and to investigate high‐frequency motion correction during imaging echo trains.MethodsA commercial 3D surface tracking system, which estimates head motion by registering point cloud reconstructions of the face, was used to adapt the imaging FOV based on head movement during MPRAGE and T2 SPACE (3D variable flip‐angle turbo spin‐echo) sequences. The FOV position and orientation were updated every 6 lines of k‐space (< 50 ms) to enable “within‐echo‐train” prospective motion correction (PMC). Comparisons were made with scans using “before‐echo‐train” PMC, in which the FOV was updated only once per TR, before the start of each echo train (ET). Continuous‐motion experiments with phantoms and in vivo were used to compare these high‐frequency and low‐frequency correction strategies. MPRAGE images were processed with FreeSurfer to compare estimates of brain structure volumes and cortical thickness in scans with different PMC.ResultsThe median absolute pose differences between markerless tracking and MR image registration were 0.07/0.26/0.15 mm for x/y/z translation and 0.06º/0.02º/0.12° for rotation about x/y/z. The PMC with markerless tracking substantially reduced motion artifacts. The continuous‐motion experiments showed that within‐ET PMC, which minimizes FOV encoding errors during ETs that last over 1 second, reduces artifacts compared with before‐ET PMC. T2 SPACE was found to be more sensitive to motion during ETs than MPRAGE. FreeSurfer morphometry estimates from within‐ET PMC MPRAGE images were the most accurate.ConclusionMarkerless head tracking can be used for PMC, and high‐frequency within‐ET PMC can reduce sensitivity to motion during long imaging ETs.
Heftig haftend und lösemittelfrei
Authors: Koch Klaus‐Uwe , Schollmeyer Ingo , Bretz Inna 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEine Basis für Bio‐Haftschmelzklebstoffe ist Polymilchsäure. Deren Kristallisationsneigung stört die Klebeigenschaften, lässt sich aber mit Comonomeren und Kettenverlängerern eindämmen. Die Produkte eignen sich für Etiketten und Klebebänder.