bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manganese(III) Acetylacetonate‐Mediated Phosphorylation of Enamides at Room Temperature
Authors: Liu Yue , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Yuhong , Xiong Chunhua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA highly Z‐selective phosphorylation by Manganese(III) acetylacetonate‐mediated cross‐dehydrogenative‐coupling of enamides and phosphine oxides has been developed under mild conditions. The reaction shows broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility. DFT studies revealed that the formation of Z‐products is presumably due to the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. β‐Aminophosphine could be readily obtained by reduction and hydrolysis of the product.magnified image
Oxygen‐Initiated and Regulated Controlled Radical Polymerization under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Lv Chunna , He Congze , Pan Xiangcheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA rapid oxygen‐initiated and ‐regulated controlled radical polymerization was conducted under ambient temperature and atmosphere. The reaction between triethylborane and oxygen provides ethyl radicals, which initiate and mediate the radical polymerization. The controlled radical polymerization was achieved using RAFT chain transfer agents (CTA) without any process of removing oxygen, providing well‐defined polymers with almost full conversion (>95 %) in a short period (15 min). High‐throughput screening was used to discover the suitable conditions for various CTA and monomers. To show the versatility of this method, a polymer library containing 25 well‐defined polymers with different compositions (block and statistical copolymers) and molecular weights were synthesized in 1 h via high‐throughput synthesis technique. A polymer‐painting technique was developed using this method, forming films with spatial control and excellent control in molecular weight and dispersity.
Genetic diversity and populational structure of the seahorse Hippocampus reidi (Syngnathidae) in north‐eastern Brazil: A conservationist approach
Authors: Montes Martín Alejandro , Cardoso Maria Luiza Valões , Neves Carlos Henrique Campos Bezerra , Garcia Ana Cristina Lauer , Da Silva José Clebson , Silveira Rosana Beatriz 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Anthropic influence on the environment has caused extensive damage, with several species becoming vulnerable to extinction, such as Hippocampus reidi, the seahorse with the largest distribution area in Brazilian estuaries. For instance, in the Maracaípe River estuary, north‐eastern Brazil, once a sanctuary for the species, this seahorse is now increasingly difficult to find.
Recovery strategies for species threatened with extinction include the introduction of individuals from a demographically healthy population, or the captive breeding and subsequent release of individuals from the population at risk. This study evaluated the evolutionary potential and the best way to manage the recovery of the Maracaípe seahorse population.
The genetic diversity of 30 adults and 99 juveniles of H. reidi collected in Maracaípe were compared with those of 29 adults from a nearby, demographically healthy population in Jericoacoara National Park, Ceará. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used, amplifying 96 polymorphic fragments from the studied groups.
Adults and juveniles from Maracaípe had high diversity and low genetic differentiation. The neighbour‐joining method, based on the number‐of‐differences model, revealed two clusters: one with adults and juveniles from Maracaípe; and the other with adults from Jericoacoara only. The most probable number of genetic groups (K = 2) was also obtained using Evanno's test, which was confirmed by structure. The analysis of molecular variance showed that more than 30% of the differences occur between these two groups (Maracaípe and Jericoacora).
The population differentiation observed between Maracaípe and Jericoacoara suggests genetic incompatibility between the individuals in each area, and points to the risk of outbreeding depression. Therefore, a possible conservation strategy for the Maracaípe population is a native captive breeding programme and the release of offspring in this location, aiming at the demographic recovery of the population in the area.
Antileishmanial activity, structure–activity relationship of series of 2‐(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b][1,8]naphthyridin‐4(1H)‐ones
Authors: Romero Angel H. , López Simon E. , Rodríguez Noris , Oviedo Henry 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTrifluoromethyl‐substituted quinolones and their analogues have emerged as an interesting platform in the last 6 years to design antiparasite agents. Many of their derivatives have been demonstrated to display excellent efficacy against flagellate parasites such as Plasmodium spp. In order to identify new analogues of trifluoromethyl‐substituted quinolones to treat the American cutaneous leishmaniasis, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity of a series of 2‐(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]‐[1,8]naphthyridin‐4(1H)‐ones on the Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania mexicana parasites. The mentioned derivatives have never been evaluated against any parasite strain. In general, an in vitro evaluation on L.(L)mexicana and L.(V)braziliensis showed that L.(L)mexicana was more sensitive to the action of the compounds than L.(V)braziliensis, either in the promastigote or in the amastigote form. Five compounds exhibited moderate efficacy against L.(L)mexicana promastigotes, with IC50 values ranging from 9.65 to 14.76 µM. From the mentioned molecules, three compounds, 1e, 1f, and 1h, showed a discrete response against axenic and intracellular amastigotes, with LD50 values between 19 and 24 µM. Moreover, an in vitro evaluation was performed on an antimony‐resistant amastigote strain and a human isolate amastigote strain. These three compounds showed discrete toxicity on peritoneal macrophages; however, their relatively good antiamastigote response compared to the drug glucantime promoted our trifluoromethyl‐substituted benzo[b][1,8]naphthyridin‐4(1H)‐ones as a potential platform to design potent antileishmanial agents.
Modified Peptide Inhibitors of the Keap1–Nrf2 Protein–Protein Interaction Incorporating Unnatural Amino Acids
Authors: Georgakopoulos Nikolaos D. , Talapatra Sandeep K. , Gatliff Jemma , Kozielski Frank , Wells Geoff 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNoncovalent inhibitors of the Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interaction (PPI) have therapeutic potential in a range of disease states including neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and various inflammatory conditions. By stalling Keap1‐mediated ubiquitination of Nrf2, such compounds can enhance Nrf2 transcriptional activity and activate the expression of a range of genes with antioxidant response elements in their promoter regions. Keap1 inhibitors based on peptide and small‐molecule templates have been identified. In this paper we develop the structure–activity relationships of the peptide series and identify a group of ligands incorporating unnatural amino acids that demonstrate improved binding affinity in fluorescence polarisation, differential scanning fluorimetry and isothermal titration calorimetry assays. These modified peptides have the potential for further development into peptidomimetic chemical probes to explore the role of Nrf2 in disease and as potential lead structures for drug development.
Enhanced Activity and Stability of a Carbon‐Coated Alumina‐Supported Pd Catalyst in the Dehydrogenation of a Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier, Perhydro 2‐(n‐methylbenzyl)Pyridine
Authors: Oh Jinho , Kim Tae Wan , Jeong Kwanyong , Park Ji Hoon , Suh Young‐Woong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe activity and stability of supported Pd catalysts are of crucial importance in the dehydrogenation of perhydro 2‐(n‐methylbenzyl)pyridine (H12‐MBP) reported as a potential liquid organic hydrogen carrier. Because of good stability examined in many hydroprocessing reactions, carbon‐coated alumina (CCA) was chosen as a support for Pd loading and prepared by the pyrolysis of glycerol solution with different concentrations. The catalytic activity and stability of Pd/CCA catalysts exhibited a volcano‐shaped relationship with the carbon content. Various characterization results revealed that the degree of carbon coating affected the acidity, Pd loading and particle size, reactant adsorption capacity, and H2 release at low temperatures. At an optimal carbon content (3.3 wt % in this work), these properties are believed to be balanced well, thus showing the best catalytic performance. Moreover, the improvement of catalytic activity was examined with supported Pd on carbon‐coated silica‐alumina of 3.3 wt % carbon content.
Hydrogenation of the LOHC Compound Monobenzyl Toluene over ZrO2‐supported Ru Nanoparticles: A Consequence of Zirconium Hydroxide's Surface Hydroxyl Group and Surface Area
Authors: Kim Tae Wan , Park Seowoo , Oh Jinho , Shin Chae‐Ho , Suh Young‐Woong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMonobenzyl toluene (H0‐MBT) is an interesting material as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier, which is commercially available as heat transfer oil. In H2 storage of H0‐MBT via the hydrogenation reaction, supported Ru catalysts were reported to show superior performance. Herein, ZrO2‐supported Ru nanoparticles were synthesized by using triruthenium dodecarbonyl Ru3(CO)12 as Ru precursor and precipitated zirconium hydroxide subjected to different ageing periods. Although the extended ageing resulted in a larger BET surface area of Ru/ZrO2, the hydrogenation activity and Ru dispersion turned out to be in a volcano‐shaped dependence on the ageing period. The characterization work on zirconium hydroxide revealed that the relative number of surface to bridging oxygen species decreased upon prolonged ageing and the hydroxylation degree largely affected the interaction with CO ligand of adsorbed Ru species. Consequently, the hydrogenation activity trend of the present Ru/ZrO2 was a combined consequence of the surface OH content and surface area of zirconium hydroxide.
Two‐dimensional Mixed Phase Leaf‐Ti1‐xCuxO2 Sheets Synthesized Based on a Natural Leaf Template for Increased Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Devaraji Perumal , Jo Wan‐Kuen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) leaf‐TiO2 (LTiO2) nano sheets were synthesized using a natural leaf template. In addition, 2D mixed phase leaf‐Ti1‐xCuxO2 sheets (1CuLTiO2) were prepared by incorporating Cu ions (1 wt %) into the LTiO2 lattice using a deposition‐precipitation method followed by a calcination process. Structural microscopic and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated the generation of anatase and rutile surface‐phase junctions as well as the combination of Cu ions with the disordered mesoporous leaf‐TiO2 lattice. Hydrogen evolution reactions over 1CuLTiO2 materials were performed using methanol as a sacrificial reagent under one sun illumination. LTiO2‐750, synthesized by calcination at 750 °C, showed an absorption onset at 410 nm, while LTiO2‐550, synthesized by calcination at 550 °C, exhibited an onset at 387 nm. Cu incorporation into the 1CuLTiO2‐750 lattice, synthesized by calcination at 750 °C, led to the increase in the visible light absorption. Both the photocurrent and hydrogen yield via 1CuLTiO2‐750 (apparent quantum yield, 4.9 %) were higher than the respective values of 1CuLTiO2‐550 (AQY=2.9 %) synthesized by calcination at 550 °C, highlighting the importance of the surface‐phase junction. The increased photocatalytic activity of 1CuLTiO2‐750 was mainly assigned to the formation of surface‐phase junctions, disordering mesoporosity, and 2D sheet morphology for fast charge carriers.
Influence of ageing on human body blood flow and heat transfer: A detailed computational modelling study
Authors: Coccarelli Alberto , Hasan Hayder M. , Carson Jason , Parthimos Dimitris , Nithiarasu Perumal 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAgeing plays a fundamental role in arterial blood transport and heat transfer within a human body. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive methodology, based on biomechanical considerations, for modelling arterial flow and energy exchange mechanisms in the body accounting for age‐induced changes. The study outlines a framework for age‐related modifications within several interlinked subsystems, which include arterial stiffening, heart contractility variations, tissue volume and property changes, and thermoregulatory system deterioration. Some of the proposed age‐dependent governing equations are directly extrapolated from experimental data sets. The computational framework is demonstrated through numerical experiments, which show the impact of such age‐related changes on arterial blood pressure, local temperature distribution, and global body thermal response. The proposed numerical experiments show that the age‐related changes in arterial convection do not significantly affect the tissue temperature distribution. Results also highlight age‐related effects on the sweating mechanism, which lead to a significant reduction in heat dissipation and a subsequent rise in skin and core temperatures.
Energy efficient mapping on manycore with dynamic and partial reconfiguration: Application to a smart camera
Authors: Bonamy Robin , Bilavarn Sébastien , Muller Fabrice , Duhem François , Heywood Simon , Millet Philippe , Lemonnier Fabrice 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis paper describes a methodology to improve the energy efficiency of high‐performance multiprocessor architectures with dynamic and partial reconfiguration (DPR), based on a thorough application study in the field of smart camera technology. Field‐programmable gate arrays are increasingly being used in cameras owing to their suitability for real‐time image processing with intensive, high‐performance tasks and to the recent advances in dynamic reconfiguration that further improve energy efficiency. The approach used to best exploit DPR is based on the better coupling of 2 decisive elements in the problem of heterogeneous deployment: design space exploration and advanced scheduling. We show how a tight integration of exploration, energy‐aware scheduling, common power models, and decision support in heterogeneous DPR multiprocessor system‐on‐a‐chip mapping can be used to improve the energy efficiency of hardware acceleration. Applying this to a mobile vehicle license‐plate tracking and recognition service results in up to a 19‐fold improvement in energy efficiency compared with software multiprocessor execution (in terms of energy‐delay product) and up to more than a threefold improvement compared with a multiprocessor with static hardware acceleration (ie, without DPR).
Sowing the seeds of subsidiary influence: Social navigating and political maneuvering of subsidiary actors
Authors: Conroy Kieran M. , Collings David G. , Clancy Johanna 
Published: June 2018

Research Summary: This paper emphasizes the social and political dimensions of subsidiary influence in strategically repositioning the subsidiary's mandate. The specific skills subsidiary actors deploy in attempting to influence corporate headquarters have largely been neglected in existing literature. Drawing from a micro‐political perspective, we provide a more nuanced, fine‐grained understanding of subsidiary influence by illuminating how influence is augmented and enriched through the concomitant effects of subsidiary actors' social and political skills. Using a multiple case study analysis and drawing on qualitative interviews, we illustrate how subsidiary actors' social skills are used to continuously create, maintain, and develop spaces of social engagement with corporate decision makers, whereas political skill involves the ability to leverage social spaces by developing specific influence tactics such as targeting, showcasing, and framing.
Managerial Summary: Subsidiaries of multinational companies play an increasingly dominant role in the global business environment. The role of the individual subsidiary actor in influencing corporate management is crucial to the development of the subsidiary mandate. Despite this, very little is known about the microlevel skills individual subsidiary actors draw upon to influence the development of their mandates. This article explores how subsidiary actors channel key social and political skills in strategically repositioning their mandates within the multinational enterprise. We find that subsidiary actors may use their social skills to establish increased interaction and communication with key corporate decision makers, whereas political skill is used to develop a variety of influence tactics.
The effect of HIV prevention products on incentives to supply condomless commercial sex among female sex workers in South Africa
Authors: Quaife Matthew , Vickerman Peter , Manian Shanthi , Eakle Robyn , Cabrera‐Escobar Maria A. , Delany‐Moretlwe Sinead , Terris‐Prestholt Fern 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEvidence suggests that economic factors play an important role in commercial sex work, in particular that condomless sex commands a price premium relative to condom‐protected sex. This paper explores whether the use of a new HIV prevention product, with 100% efficacy but modeled after pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), could change the price and quantity of condomless commercial sex supplied. We collected stated preference data from 122 HIV‐negative female sex workers in urban South Africa, using a repeated choice experiment to simulate the impact of using PrEP on choices. Results suggest that the price premium for condomless sex would decrease by 73% with PrEP use and the quantity of condomless sex is predicted to increase by a factor of 2.27. Act price does not significantly affect choices without protection but strongly influences choices under full HIV protection. The utility offered by condoms reduces by around 15% under PrEP use. Because new HIV prevention products do not protect against other STIs or pregnancy, the unintended consequences of introducing HIV prevention products should be closely monitored, whereas users should not face stigma or blame for reacting rationally to exogenous changes to market conditions.
Chronic atypical first bite syndrome and primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid
Authors: Masood Maheer M. , Giosia Massimiliano Di , Hackman Trevor G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundFirst bite syndrome is a well‐recognized complication of parapharyngeal space surgery. There are no reported cases of protracted first bite syndrome and subsequent diagnosis of a primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the parotid.MethodsWe present the case of a 73‐year‐old man with no surgical history and 9 years of first bite syndrome who was ultimately diagnosed with a primary SCC of the parotid. Diagnostic workup, including MRI and biopsy, along with oncologic treatment, were performed.ResultsSurgical treatment confirmed malignancy and also resulted in complete resolution of the first bite syndrome.ConclusionFirst bite syndrome without prior surgery may warrant further diagnostic workup with imaging to evaluate for salivary gland pathology. When no radiographic mass lesion is detected but the patient displays protracted symptoms unresponsive to conservative therapy, one should maintain an index of suspicion for malignancy, especially in the presence of symptom escalation.
Effects of galantamine on smoking behavior and cognitive performance in treatment‐seeking smokers prior to a quit attempt
Authors: MacLean Robert Ross , Waters Andrew J. , Brede Emily , Sofuoglu Mehmet 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveDrugs that enhance cholinergic transmission have demonstrated promise treating addictive disorders. Galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, may reduce cigarette smoking in otherwise healthy treatment‐seeking smokers.MethodsThe current study is a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, study that randomized daily smokers (n = 60) to receive one of two doses of galantamine extended release (8 or 16 mg/day), or a placebo treatment. Participants completed a smoking choice task as well as study measures and cognitive tasks in the laboratory and daily life using ecological momentary assessment. Analysis focused on smoking behavior and satisfaction, cognitive performance, and decision to smoke prior to a quit attempt.ResultsLinear mixed models demonstrated that, compared with placebo, both doses of galantamine reduced smoking in a laboratory choice task (p = 0.006) and decreased urine cotinine levels, but not self‐reported cigarettes, during the pre‐quit period (p = 0.007). Treatment had minimal effect on smoking satisfaction or cognitive performance.ConclusionsThe results suggest that galantamine reduces nicotine intake but it is unlikely that galantamine improves cognitive performance in otherwise healthy, treatment‐seeking smokers. Larger randomized clinical trials can determine if galantamine adjunctive to addiction treatment can improve smoking treatment outcomes.
Association analysis of interleukin‐18 gene promoter region polymorphisms and susceptibility to sporadic breast cancer in Chinese Han women
Authors: Qiao Xuefeng , Xu Danfei , Sun Dandan , Sun Sijin , Huang Zhiping , Cui Wei 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundInterleukin‐18‐137G/C, ‐607G/T polymorphisms play multiple roles in various cancers. However, studies focused on its involvement in breast cancer remain controversial, and no study has taken the interaction between interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) gene polymorphism and body mass index (BMI), menopause into consideration. The study investigated the association between IL‐18‐137, ‐607 polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer and a possible interaction between the 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and BMI, menopause in Chinese Han woman.MethodsA total of 488 participants, including 178 patients with breast cancer, 150 patients with benign breast disease and 160 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐direct sequencing technology was used to identify the genotypes.Results137 G/C genotype can decrease the risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31‐0.93; P = .025). In benign group, subjects with G/C genotype of IL‐18‐137G/C polymorphism had a 1.89‐fold increased risk of developing breast cancer (95% CI = 1.05‐3.41; P = .032). Among postmenopausal subjects, people with G/T genotype of IL‐18‐607 polymorphism had a 7.97‐fold increased risk of lymph node metastasis compared with those with T/T homozygotes (95% CI = 1.95‐32.65; P = .0045). Among Overweight and obese patients with breast cancer (BMI ≥ 24), people with G/T genotype of IL‐18‐607 polymorphism had a 5.45‐fold increased risk of lymph node metastasis compared with those with T/T homozygotes (95% CI = 1.74‐17.06; P = .034).ConclusionsIL‐18‐137 G/C genotype may be a protective factor for healthy group, but a risk factor for benign group. IL‐18‐607 G/T genotype have an interaction with menopausal and BMI. The synergetic effect can further increase the risk of lymph node metastasis for breast cancer patients.