bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Planning of the First Year Experience in Higher Education: A Sweden-Australia Comparative Study of Support
Authors: Christie Michael , Penn-Edwards Sorrel , Donnison Sharn , Greenaway Ruth 
Published: March 2018

Literature on the support of the First Year Experience (FYE) in institutions of Higher Education provides a range of modelled approaches. However, we argue that institutions still need to selectively plan which approach/es and attendant strategies are best suited to their particular contexts and institutional policy and practice frameworks and how their FYE is to be presented for their particular student cohort. This paper compares different ways of supporting students in their first year in two contrasting universities. The first case study focuses on a first year course at Stockholm University (SU), Sweden, a large, metropolitan, single campus institution, while the second investigates a strategy for supporting first year students using a community of practice at a satellite campus of the University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), a small regional university in South-East Queensland, Australia. The research contrasts a formal, first generation support approach versus a fourth generation support approach which seeks to involve a wider range of stakeholders in supporting first year students. The research findings draw conclusions about how effective the interventions were for the students and provide clear illustrations that selective planning in considering the institution’s strategic priorities and human, physical, and resource contexts was instrumental in providing a distinctive experience which complemented the institute and the student cohort. (212 words)
Routine Plain Radiographs in the Setting of Atraumatic Shoulder Pain: Are They Useful?
Authors: Feder Oren I. , Levy Benjamin J. , Gruson Konrad I. 
Published: March 2018

Introduction:
Plain radiographs of the shoulder are routinely obtained for patients presenting with atraumatic shoulder pain. The diagnostic utility of these radiographs is debatable.

Methods:
Patients presenting for the first time to a shoulder clinic with atraumatic shoulder pain received a plain radiographic series. After considering their medical history and physical examination, we made a preliminary diagnosis and formulated a tentative treatment plan. We then reviewed the radiographs and determined whether the addition of these radiographs altered the diagnosis and/or treatment.

Results:
A total of 343 patients met the inclusion criteria. Age >50 years (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 5.8; P < 0.00001) and weakness in forward elevation (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 5.4; P = 0.0003) were associated with the presence of radiographic findings. Plain radiographs altered the proposed diagnosis in only 14.9% (51/343) of cases. However, clinical management was changed in only 1.7% of cases. Plain radiographs had no effect on clinical management in 97.4% of patients younger than 50 years.

Discussion:
Plain radiographs rarely alter the diagnosis or affect management in the setting of atraumatic shoulder pain, particularly in patients younger than 50 years. Patients may be exposed to unnecessary radiation, and the healthcare system as a whole may be burdened with the increased cost of this imaging modality.

Level of Evidence:
Level II (diagnostic).
Structures of Violence and the Denigration of Law in Christian Thought
Authors: Meyer Barbara U. 
Published: March 2018

This article examines three major patterns of violence in Christian theological thought traditions: supersessionism (the idea that Christianity replaced Judaism), realized eschatology (the presentation of a promised future of reconciliation as basically already present in the world today), and inclusivism (the Christian impulse to integrate others as a universalist aim). Previous scholars have examined these patterns separately, but they have not previously been discussed in a comprehensive effort to analyze Christian thinking habits of degrading others, in particular Judaism.The author's inquiry into structures of thought suggests methodologically that interreligious violence is a highly complex phenomenon that can actually be reduced or increased. Indeed, much progress has been made in the last third of the twentieth century by mainstream churches to renounce supersessionism. But while the discourse with regard to realized eschatology and inclusivism still needs to be developed, one of the key findings here is that all three patterns entail a denigration of law, which in itself still remains at play in Christianity’s relation to Judaism but also in its relation to Islam.
Cancer Survivor Responses to Socratic Dialogue: An Explorative Study of the Experiences with Participation in an Innovative Intervention
Authors: Knox Jeanette Bresson Ladegaard 
Published: March 2018

Objective: By use of an anonymous, open-ended written questionnaire, this study evaluates the experience of having participated in a Socratic Dialogue Group (SDG) that philosophically addresses the fundamental life questions triggered by a cancer experience. The responses aim to cast light on whether SDG is suitable and beneficial for cancer survivors. Methods: The study is based on two similar interventions: a pilot project from 2008-2010 and a research project from 2012-2015 involving a total of 50 participants divided into 9 SDGs. The projects included a questionnaire filled out by 26 out of 50 rehabilitating cancer patients aged 36 to 72 who had just completed participation in a SDG. The questionnaire consisted of seven questions. The seven questions were identical in the two projects. The projects were carried out at the Center for Cancer and Health in Copenhagen, Denmark. Results: All participants responded favorably to SDG as a way to philosophically address life questions. It was found both suitable for cancer survivors and beneficial for the process of returning to an everyday life. Participants found the particular thought process joyful, enriching and existentially sharpening their awareness in terms of life orientation post cancer. The study suggests a novel theoretical approach to cancer survivor care. Conclusion: Responses from the questionnaire illuminate the relevance of a philosophical approach to cancer care by implementing a method of Socratic dialogue among survivors.
Coming out
Authors: Brevet Nathalie 
Published: March 2018

Je saisis l’opportunité du thème proposé par la revue pour questionner mon parcours personnel. Ce dernier s’articule autour de deux activités : celle d’enseignant-chercheur en urbanisme et en sociologie et celle d’artiste. Je suis effectivement maître de conférences depuis 2009 et, depuis le début des années 2000, période coïncidant avec le début de mon doctorat, je travaille en collaboration avec Hughes Rochette. Ensemble nous réalisons des installations in situ dans le champ de l’art contemporain privilégiant le rapport au lieu et à l’espace. Cet article est l’occasion de m’interroger sur la façon dont des objets de réflexion, des pratiques, ou encore des formes d’expression circulent d’un monde à l’autre. Il ne s’agit aucunement d’assimiler ces deux univers mais de comprendre ces « brèves rencontres » que décrit le scientifique Jean-Marc Lévy-Leblond. Je suivrais l’évolution de mon parcours à la fois d’enseignant-chercheur et d’artiste pour questionner les moments et les formes de cette rencontre. Ces propos seront aussi l’occasion d’ouvrir un questionnement sur la recherche en se demandant quelle est la place donnée à l’expérimentation dans un contexte où l’évaluation implique une normalisation des productions scientifiques.
Les «Epistolae Familiares» de Petrarca en el «Curial»
Authors: Soler Abel 
Published: March 2018

L’autor de Curial e Güelfa, novel·la de cavalleria humanística escrita a Itàlia pels anys 1445- 1448 en llengua catalana, era coneixedor i estudiós de les Epistolae Familiares de Francesco Petrarca, com ha posat en evidència la crítica literària. Es recullen ací les aportacions al respecte de diferents autors, que són ampliades amb altres connexions intertextuals i temàtiques entre ambdues obres. S’anota, de pas, l’interés que l’humanista llombard Guiniforte Barzizza posà a divulgar l’obra de Petrarca a la cort napolitana d’Alfons el Magnànim (gràcies a l’amistat que mantenia amb alguns cavallers i diplomàtics valencians) com un indicador a tenir en compte a l’hora de contextualitzar correctament —és a dir, en àmbit italià i en contacte amb l’humanisme— la novel·la cavalleresca.
Risk, politics, and science: A new approach to UK marine biodiversity monitoring.
Authors: Webb Karen E , Hinchen Hayley 
Published: March 2018

The UK recognises the importance of understanding marine ecosystems and biodiversity to achieve its ambition of ‘clean, healthy, safe and biologically diverse seas’. Yet comprehensive UK marine monitoring presents a considerable challenge in terms of the resources required. The Joint Nature Conservation Committee has led the development of an ambitious framework for marine monitoring that will integrate the different components of biodiversity together, and with other marine monitoring. This has required a range of work from novel science to developing monitoring indicators and survey methods. It also seeks efficiency savings through, practical integration of survey time on vessels, and access to new data e.g., satellites.
Our approach uses risk to inform resource allocation by utilising human activities data and the interactions with biodiversity to create risk models and determine survey priorities. This is achieved by engaging scientists and policy makers to develop monitoring options for different biodiversity components (i.e., benthic habitats, cetaceans, seals, seabirds, fish, cephalopods and plankton). This process will allow policy makers to successfully conclude on the level of resourcing required for marine monitoring, that reflects the risk to biodiversity and the public’s concerns for the marine environment, and fulfils our national and international legislative obligations.
Modeling Study of the Geospace System Response to the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Enhancement on 17 March 2015
Authors: Ozturk D. S. , Zou S. , Ridley A. J. , Slavin J. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe global magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere system is intrinsically coupled and susceptible to external drivers such as solar wind dynamic pressure enhancements. In order to understand the large‐scale dynamic processes in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere system due to the compression from the solar wind, the 17 March 2015 sudden commencement was studied in detail using global numerical models. This storm was one of the most geoeffective events of the solar cycle 24 with a minimum Dst of −222 nT. The Wind spacecraft recorded a 10‐nPa increment in the solar wind dynamic pressure, while the interplanetary magnetic field BZ became further northward. The University of Michigan Block‐Adaptive‐Tree Solar wind Roe‐type Upwind Scheme global magnetohydrodynamic code was utilized to study the generation and propagation of perturbations associated with the compression of the magnetosphere system. In addition, the high‐resolution electric potential and auroral power output from the magnetohydrodynamic model was used to drive the global ionosphere‐thermosphere model to investigate the ionosphere‐thermosphere system response to pressure enhancement. During the compression, the electric potentials and convection patterns in the polar ionosphere were significantly altered when the preliminary impulse and main impulse field‐aligned currents moved from dayside to nightside. As a result of enhanced frictional heating, plasma and neutral temperatures increased at the locations where the flow speeds were enhanced, whereas the electron density dropped at these locations. In particular, the region between the preliminary impulse and main impulse field‐aligned currents experienced the most significant heating with 1000‐K ion temperature increase and 20‐K neutral temperature increase within 2 min. Comparison of the simulation results with the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar observations showed reasonable agreements despite underestimated magnitudes.
The Response of the Ocean Thermal Skin Layer to Variations in Incident Infrared Radiation
Authors: Wong Elizabeth W. , Minnett Peter J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOcean warming trends are observed and coincide with the increase in concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere resulting from human activities. At the ocean surface, most of the incoming infrared (IR) radiation is absorbed within the top micrometers of the ocean's surface where the thermal skin layer (TSL) exists. Thus, the incident IR radiation does not directly heat the upper few meters of the ocean. This paper investigates the physical mechanism between the absorption of IR radiation and its effect on heat transfer at the air‐sea boundary. The hypothesis is that given the heat lost through the air‐sea interface is controlled by the TSL, the TSL adjusts in response to variations in incident IR radiation to maintain the surface heat loss. This modulates the flow of heat from below and hence controls upper ocean heat content. This hypothesis is tested using the increase in incoming longwave radiation from clouds and analyzing vertical temperature profiles in the TSL retrieved from sea‐surface emission spectra. The additional energy from the absorption of increasing IR radiation adjusts the curvature of the TSL such that the upward conduction of heat from the bulk of the ocean into the TSL is reduced. The additional energy absorbed within the TSL supports more of the surface heat loss. Thus, more heat beneath the TSL is retained leading to the observed increase in upper ocean heat content.
Reconstruction of Snow on Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth E. , Webster M. A. , Farrell S. L. , Bitz C. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSnow on Arctic sea ice is a poorly observed variable that plays an important role in the Arctic climate system and impacts the remote sensing systems that monitor Arctic sea ice. We present and validate a reconstruction of Arctic snow depth based on observed sea ice motion and snowfall derived from reanalysis data. Overall, the reconstruction is in good agreement with direct measurements of snow depth from Operation IceBridge, slightly underestimating mean IceBridge snow depth. At the local scale (10 km), the reconstruction is more skilled than a weighted climatology over first year ice, but underestimates deeper snow over multi‐year ice. Reconstructions of single buoy snow depths are unskilled, but the reconstruction shows skill in simulating the mean snow depth across all buoys. Spring snow depths show a low‐to‐high cross‐Arctic gradient and tend to be greatest in the Atlantic sector of the eastern Arctic. The relationship between ice type (multiyear or first‐year ice) and snow depth previously documented in the western Arctic is not evident in the eastern Arctic. Using ice type to weight snow depths for satellite ice thickness retrievals may not be justifiable in the eastern Arctic. Reconstructed snow depth across the Arctic shows significant interannual variability, suggesting that use of a fixed snow depth climatology may lead to biases in retrieved ice thickness and its variability. However, interannual variability in pan‐Arctic mean snow depth is comparable or smaller than the uncertainty in both the reconstruction and IceBridge, highlighting the need for high accuracy snow depth products and reconstructions.
Profiling Floats in SOCCOM: Technical Capabilities for Studying the Southern Ocean
Authors: Riser Stephen C. , Swift Dana , Drucker Robert 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe report on profiling float technology used in the Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Models (SOCCOM) program, a 6 year study of the interaction of ocean physics and the carbon cycle in the Southern Ocean. A central part of this program is to produce and deploy 200 profiling floats equipped with CTD units and chemical sensors capable of measuring dissolved oxygen, nitrate, pH, chlorophyll fluorescence, and particulate backscatter. The performance of the first 63 floats deployed in SOCCOM is examined, and examples of the design criteria used in producing these floats are shown. Some of the sensors require surface measurements to be made in the dark at regular intervals, and the probability of ascending to the sea surface in the dark is estimated as a function of year‐day and latitude. An energy budget derived from laboratory measurements shows that only about 25% of the total energy stored in the batteries is used by the biogeochemical sensors, which bodes well for the long‐term survivability of the floats. The ice‐avoidance algorithm is discussed in detail, and it is shown that it is working as designed and allowing unprecedented numbers of profiles to be collected beneath the wintertime ice cover. The overall reliability of the first group of SOCCOM floats is compared with a much larger ensemble of Argo floats; the results show that the SOCCOM floats are surviving at a rate similar to the Argo floats, which have been shown to have lifetimes in excess of 5 years.
Effects of Wind Straining on Estuarine Stratification: A Combined Observational and Modeling Study
Authors: Xie Xiaohui , Li Ming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA combined observational and numerical modeling study was conducted to clarify the effects of wind straining on estuarine stratification. Long‐term mooring observations in the middle of Chesapeake Bay showed an asymmetric stratification response to along‐channel winds. The stratification decreased under up‐estuary winds. Under down‐estuary winds, however, the stratification increased at moderate wind speeds but decreased at high wind speeds. In concert with numerical modeling, the mooring and ship‐based survey data were analyzed to test the wind‐straining mechanisms. In the middle and upper parts of the estuary, the straining of the density field by the vertical shear of the along‐channel current dominates the stratification response, enhancing stratification under the down‐estuary winds but reducing it under the up‐estuary winds. A regime diagram was constructed to place the wind‐induced stratification change in terms of the dimensionless Wedderburn number W: it is a linearly function of W for W > 0 (up‐estuary winds) but a parabolic function of W for W < 0 (down‐estuary winds). In the lower part of the estuary, however, the stratification response to the wind direction was opposite to that in the middle and upper Bay. The wind‐driven lateral circulation was much stronger there, and the cross‐channel straining of the density field by the vertical shear in the lateral currents drove the stratification response in the lower Bay. Therefore, both the along‐channel and cross‐channel straining regulate the estuarine stratification, and the net stratification change over a wind event is determined by the relative strength of along‐channel and cross‐channel straining.
Impact of Assimilation of Sea‐Ice Surface Temperatures on a Coupled Ocean and Sea‐Ice Model
Authors: Rasmussen Till A. S. , Høyer Jacob L. , Ghent Darren , Bulgin Claire E. , Dybkjær Gorm , Ribergaard Mads H. , Nielsen‐Englyst Pia , Madsen Kristine S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe establish a methodology for assimilating satellite observations of ice surface temperature (IST) into a coupled ocean and sea‐ice model. The method corrects the 2 m air temperature based on the difference between the modeled and the observed IST. Thus the correction includes biases in the surface forcing and the ability of the model to convert incoming parameters at the surface to a net heat flux. A multisensor, daily, gap‐free surface temperature analysis has been constructed over the Arctic region. This study revealed challenges estimating the ground truth based on buoys measuring IST, as the quality of the measurement varied from buoy to buoy. With these precautions we find a cold temperature bias in the remotely sensed data, and a warm bias in the modeled data relative to ice mounted buoy temperatures, prior to assimilation. As a consequence, this study weighted the modeled IST and the observed IST equally in the correction. The impact of IST was determined for experiments with and without the assimilation of IST and sea‐ice concentration. We find that assimilation of remotely sensed data results in a cooling of IST, which improves the timing of the snow melt onset. The improved snow cover in spring is only based on observations from one buoy, thus additional good quality observations could strengthen the conclusions. The ice cover and the sea‐ice thickness are increased, primarily in the experiment without sea‐ice concentration assimilation.
Detection of Ice Wedge Cracking in Permafrost Using Miniature Accelerometers
Authors: O'Neill H. Brendan , Christiansen Hanne H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDetermining the exact timing of ice wedge cracking in permafrost is challenging. Five miniature accelerometers were installed near the ground surface in the trough of a primary ice wedge within a network of low‐centered polygons in Adventdalen, Svalbard, to test whether these instruments could be used to detect dynamics of thermal contraction cracking. Data from 2003 to 2013 were analyzed to characterize cryoseismic signals in the ice wedge trough. High‐magnitude accelerations (from 5 g to at least 100 g) were typically registered in late winter, when the top of permafrost had cooled to about −10°C; these likely correspond to ice wedge cracking in permafrost. Tensile stresses calculated from temperatures measured in the ice wedge trough are near laboratory strengths reported for ice and mineral active layer sediments, supporting the interpretation that large accelerations are caused by thermal contraction cracking. Lower magnitude accelerations occurred throughout the freezing season, usually coinciding with rapid cooling at the ground surface. These small accelerations may be associated with (i) the initiation of small cracks in the active layer of the trough or (ii) the horizontal and vertical propagation of existing ice wedge cracks. The results of this investigation indicate that miniature accelerometers are an effective, inexpensive, and simple method to determine the timing of ice wedge cracking and rates of crack propagation along ice wedge troughs.