bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac left heart morphology and function in newborns with intrauterine growth restriction: relevance for long-term assessment
Authors: Zaharie Gabriela Corina , Hasmasanu Monica , Blaga Ligia , Matyas Melinda , Muresan Daniel , Bolboaca Sorana Daniela 
Published: December 2018

Aim: To asses the cardiac morphology and functional changes specific for newborns from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) pregnancies.Material and method: A cohort of IUGR infants were evaluated by serial echocardiographies at delivery and at the first and six months follow-ups. IUGR newborn delivery status was compared to that of newborns in the control group according to gestational age (AGA).Results: Left heart measurements were significantly lower in IUGR newborns compared to AGA babies. Left ventricular size increased at follow-up inthe IUGR group (p<0.05). Systolic dysfunction (the myocardial performance index (MPI)> 0.47) was identified in 40% of the neonates in the IUGR group (16/40), respectively 4.76% in the control group. IUGR neonates had a significantly increased proportion of systolic malfunction (p=0.004).Conclusion: IUGR patients had reduced left ventricle dimensions compared to AGA babies. The MPI stands out as a marker of leftheart function in newborns. Systolic dysfunction was a hallmark of the cardiac adaptation in IUGR neonates.
Reliability of quantitative point shear-wave ultrasound elastography on vastus medialis muscle and quadriceps and patellar tendons
Authors: Zardi Enrico Maria , Franceschetti Edoardo , Giorgi Chiara , Palumbo Alessio , Franceschi Francesco 
Published: December 2018

Aim: The aim of this work was to evaluate the reliability of pSWE in assessing the stiffness of the vastus medialis muscle and of the quadriceps and patellar tendons.Material and methods: For this purpose, 18 subjects (9 males and 9 females of 57±22 years) in good clinical conditions were included in this study. pSWE examination was conducted by a unique expert operator with more than ten years of experience in musculoskeletal ultrasound. Two sets of five measurements for each muscle and tendon district were bilaterally performed at the same manner, at least fifteen minutes apart. The mean value of the measurements of each set was statistically compared with that of the other set.Results: No significant differences were found comparing the mean value of the measurements of the two sets of evaluation performed in muscle and tendon areas (vastus medialis muscle: p=0.285; quadriceps tendon: p=0.979; patellar tendon: p=0.187). The intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent for all areas (vastus medialis muscle: 0.969; quadriceps and patellar tendons: 0.995 and 0.989, respectively).Conclusion: The pSWE technique demonstrated that it was a reliable method for measuring stiffness in vastus medialis muscle and quadriceps and patellar tendon in subjects who had undergone orthopedic surgery. This opens the possibility of many applications in monitoring stiffness before and after surgery and during rehabilitation.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes
Authors: Cardona Saumeth , Gomez Patricia C , Vellanki Priyathama , Anzola Isabel , Ramos Clementina , Urrutia Maria A , Haw Jeehea Sonya , Fayfman Maya , Wang Heqiong , Galindo Rodolfo J , Pasquel Francisco J , Umpierrez Guillermo E 
Published: December 2018

ImportanceThe frequency and impact of asymptomatic hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes is not known.ObjectiveWe determined the clinical characteristics and hospital outcomes of general medicine and surgery patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemia.Research design and methodsProspective observational study in adult patients with diabetes and blood glucose (BG) <70 mg/dL. Participants were interviewed about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia using a standardized questionnaire. Precipitating causes, demographics, insulin regimen, and complications data during admission was collected.ResultsAmong 250 patients with hypoglycemia, 112 (44.8%) patients were asymptomatic and 138 (55.2%) had symptomatic hypoglycemia. Patients with asymptomatic hypoglycemia were older (59±11 years vs 54.8±13 years, p=0.003), predominantly males (63% vs 48%, p=0.014), and had lower admission glycosylated hemoglobin (8.2%±2.6 % vs 9.1±2.9%, p=0.006) compared with symptomatic patients. Compared with symptomatic patients, those with asymptomatic hypoglycemia had higher mean BG during the episode (60.0±8 mg/dL vs 53.8±11 mg/dL, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, male gender (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.83, p=0.02) and age >65 years (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.62 to 9.92, p=0.02) were independent predictors of asymptomatic hypoglycemia. There were no differences in clinical outcome, composite of hospital complications (27% vs 22%, p=0.41) or in-hospital length of stay (8 days (IQR 4–14) vs 7 days (IQR 5–15), p=0.92)) between groups.ConclusionsAsymptomatic hypoglycemia was common among insulin-treated patients with diabetes but was not associated with worse clinical outcome compared with patients with symptomatic hypoglycemia. Older age and male gender were independent risk factors for asymptomatic hypoglycemia.
Inconsistent calculation methodology for the eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea test affects the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: Koch Sarah , Sinden Sean Michael , Koehle Michael Stephen 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionThe eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH) challenge is used to screen for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Several criteria have been proposed to determine the decrease in lung function (fall index, FI) following EVH. We compared three published FI calculation methods to determine if they affect the diagnostic classification.MethodsThe three FIs were calculated for 126 EVH tests. Spirometry was performed in duplicate at baseline and repeated 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min following 6 min of EVH. The higher of the two forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) measures at all time-points post-hyperpnoea was selected for the calculation of the FIs. The FIAwas determined as the single lowest of the five postchallenge values, and a test was considered positive if FEV1decreased ≥10 %. In FIB, a test was considered positive if FEV1decreased ≥10% at two consecutive post-challenge time-points. The FICwas calculated identically to FIA, but was normalised to the achieved minute ventilation during the EVH challenge.ResultsCalculation method affected the raw FIs with FIBgenerating the smallest and FICgenerating the highest values (p<0.001) and a within-subject range of 7%±10%. The number of positive tests differed between the calculation criteria: FIA: 62, FIB: 48 and FIC: 70, p<0.001. Nineteen participants (15%) tested positive in one or two FI methods only, indicating that the FI method used determined whether the test was positive or negative.DiscussionInconsistency in methodology of calculating the FI leads to differences in the diagnostic rate of the EVH test, with potential implications in both treatment and research outcomes.
Injury-related mortality among children younger than 5 years in China during 2009–2016: an analysis from national surveillance system
Authors: Xiang Liangcheng , Wang Ke , Miao Lei , Kang Leni , Li Xiaohong , Zhu Jun , Liang Juan , Li Qi , He Chunhua , Wang Yanping 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundEpidemiology in injury-related mortality among children younger than 5 years was unreported in China recently.MethodsData were obtained from China’s Under 5 Child Mortality Surveillance System (U5CMSS) in 2009-2016. Injury-related mortality rates were calculated by residence, age-group, gender and major injury type (drowning, traffic injuries, suffocation, poisoning, falls). The average annual decline rate (AADR) was calculated based on the annual mortality rates by Poisson regression and the relative risk (RR) between urban and rural residence was examined based on the rates of two years for each time point by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method.ResultsU5CMSS contained 6503 injury-related deaths of children younger than 5 years during the study period, of which 58.6% were male, 86.0% occurred in rural areas, 65.7% were children aged 12–59 months. Deaths were mainly attributed to suffocation (34.3%), drowning (29.6%), traffic injuries (17.7%), falls (7.2%) or poisoning (4.7%). The injury-related mortality rate dropped from 274.7 to 189.2 per 100 000 live births from 2009 to 2016, giving an AADR of 4.53% (95% CI 3.50% to 5.55%). During 2009–2016, the injury-related mortality rate in rural area was higher than that in urban area, the adjusted RRs (aRRs) in infants and children aged 12–59 months were 3.32–6.04 and 4.31–5.49, respectively.ConclusionThe rate of injury-related deaths in children younger than 5 years has decreased in China, but it remains high and strong urban–rural disparities still exist. Public health programmes and policy interventions should focus particularly on suffocation among infants and on drowning and traffic injuries among children aged 12–59 months, especially in rural areas.
Comprehensive genomic variation profiling of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer identifies potential targets for cervical cancer early warning
Authors: Huang Jian , Qian Zhaoyang , Gong Yuhua , Wang Yanzhou , Guan Yanfang , Han Yingxin , Yi Xin , Huang Wanqiu , Ji Liyan , Xu Jiajia , Su Mengyuan , Yuan Qing , Cui Shujian , Zhang Jinling , Bao Chaohui , Liu Weilong , Chen Xi , Zhang Ming , Gao Xiaohuan , Wu Renhua , Zhang Yinxin , Xu Huicheng , Zhu Shida , Zhu Hongmei , Yang Ling , Xu Xun , Zhou Pingyu , Liang Zhiqing 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundTo better understand the pathogenesis of cervical cancer (CC), we systematically analysed the genomic variation and human papillomavirus (HPV) integration profiles of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and CC.MethodsWe performed whole-genome sequencing or whole-exome sequencing of 102 tumour-normal pairs and human papillomavirus probe capture sequencing of 45 CCs, 44 CIN samples and 25 normal cervical samples, and constructed strict integrated workflow of genomic analysis.ResultsMutational analysis identified eight significantly mutated genes in CC including four genes (FAT1,MLL3,MLL2andFADD), which have not previously been reported in CC. Targetable alterations were identified in 55.9% of patients. In addition, HPV integration breakpoints occurred in 97.8% of the CC samples, 70.5% of the CIN samples and 42.8% of the normal cervical samples with HPV infection. Integrations of high-risk HPV strains in CCs, including HPV16, 18, 33 and 58, also occurred in the CIN samples. Moreover, gene mutations were detected in 52% of the CIN specimens, and 54.8% of these mutations occurred in genes that also mutated in CCs.ConclusionOur results lay the foundation for a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms and finding new diagnostic and therapeutic targets of CC.
Resilience-based intervention for UK military recruits: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jones Norman , Whelan Chantelle , Harden Larissa , Macfarlane Andrea , Burdett Howard , Greenberg Neil 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesWe evaluated a military resilience intervention which aimed to help UK military recruits to manage their personal health and well-being more effectively.MethodsTrainers within six pre-existing training teams were randomly allocated by team to deliver a resilience-based intervention (SPEAR) or usual training (control) during recruit training. 23 trainers delivered SPEAR; 18 delivered the control training. 707 recruits participated (n=358 SPEAR and n=349 controls). Outcome measures were obtained before and after recruit training and 3 months later. Measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms, alcohol use, homesickness and mental health stigmatisation were obtained at baseline. Repeat baseline scales plus measures of help-seeking, cohesion, leadership and training impact were obtained at the two follow-up points.ResultsResponse rates were 91.7% (baseline), 98.1% (post) and 73.6% (follow-up). Following adjustment for potential confounders, levels of PTSD, CMD symptoms, alcohol misuse, help-seeking and homesickness were not significantly different between groups at any measurement point. Stigmatisation was significantly lower among SPEAR recipients at baseline but was not significantly different at the two follow-up points. Following adjustment for mental health confounders, there were no significant between-group differences in perceptions of leadership and cohesion and in ratings of six training outcomes at the two follow-up points.ConclusionsWe found no evidence that resilience-based training had any specific benefit to the health and well-being of UK military recruits.
A Study of Integer Sorting on Multicores
Authors: Gerbessiotis Alexandros V. 
Published: December 2018

Integer sorting on multicores and GPUs can be realized by a variety of approaches that include variants of distribution-based methods such as radix-sort, comparison-oriented algorithms such as deterministic regular sampling and random sampling parallel sorting, and network-based algorithms such as Batcher’s bitonic sorting algorithm. In this work we present an experimental study of integer sorting on multicore processors. We have implemented serial and parallel radix-sort for various radixes, deterministic regular oversampling, and random oversampling parallel sorting, including new variants of ours, and also some previously little explored or unexplored variants of bitonic-sort and odd-even transposition sort. The study uses multithreading and multiprocessing parallel programming libraries with the same C language code working under Open MPI, MulticoreBSP, and BSPlib. We first provide some general high-level observations on the performance of these implementations. If we can conclude anything is that accurate prediction of performance by taking into consideration architecture dependent features such as the structure and characteristics of multiple memory hierarchies is difficult and more often than not untenable. To some degree this is affected by the overhead imposed by the high-level library used in the programming effort. Another objective is to model the performance of these algorithms and their implementations under the MBSP (Multi-memory BSP) model. Despite the limitations mentioned above, we can still draw some reliable conclusions and reason about the performance of these implementations using the MBSP model, thus making MBSP useful and usable.
Field documentation and genesis of the back-structures from the Garhwal Lesser Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Bose Narayan , Mukherjee Soumyajit 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Collisional fold-and-thrust belts are characterized by foreland-verging thrusts. Conversely, structures with hinterland-ward vergence, known as the back-thrusts, also exist. Strain intensification, critical taper deformation and the presence of thrust ramps generate back-thrusts. This study focuses on the exposure-scale brittle and ductile structures showing hinterland-ward vergence (back-structures) from a part of the Garhwal Lesser Himalaya, NW India, mainly along the Bhagirathi river section. In our field-traverse, back-structures were found at 31 locations. Towards the north, in the Outer Lesser Himalaya, the back-structures are located on the inverted limb of the Mussoorie Syncline (Group 1). The Tons Thrust is a south-dipping thrust (i.e. back-thrust). Hence, the Tons Thrust and nearby areas show intense back-structures (Group 2). In the Inner Lesser Himalaya, back-structures have been generated by shearing related to the folded Berinag Thrust (Group 3). The back-structures at and near the Main Central Thrust Zone (MCTZ) (Group 4) can be correlated with the presence of the Delhi–Haridwar Ridge. In this way, this study establishes the back-structures to be an integral part of the Garhwal Lesser Himalaya and provides the genesis of those structures by correlating them with the (local) tectonic settings.

Supplementary material
: Tables listing seismic events and the GPS coordinates of the field locations, and figures showing structures at these field locations are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4339784
Improved imaging and analysis of chlorite in reservoirs and modern day analogues: new insights for reservoir quality and provenance
Authors: Worden R. H. , Utley James E. P. , Butcher Alan R. , Griffiths J. , Wooldridge L. J. , Lawan A. Y. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chlorite is a key mineral in the control of reservoir quality in many siliciclastic rocks. In deeply buried reservoirs, chlorite coats on sand grains prevent the growth of quartz cements and lead to anomalously good reservoir quality. By contrast, an excess of chlorite – for example, in clay-rich siltstone and sandstone – leads to blocked pore throats and very low permeability. Determining which compositional type is present, how it occurs spatially, and quantifying the many and varied habits of chlorite that are of commercial importance remains a challenge. With the advent of automated techniques based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is possible to provide instant phase identification and mapping of entire thin sections of rock. The resulting quantitative mineralogy and rock fabric data can be compared with well logs and core analysis data. We present here a completely novel Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by SCANning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN®) SEM–energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) methodology to differentiate, quantify and image 11 different compositional types of chlorite based on Fe : Mg ratios using thin sections of rocks and grain mounts of cuttings or loose sediment. No other analytical technique, or combination of techniques, is capable of easily quantifying and imaging different compositional types of chlorite. Here we present examples of chlorite from seven different geological settings analysed using QEMSCAN® SEM–EDS. By illustrating the reliability of identification under automated analysis, and the ability to capture realistic textures in a fully digital format, we can clearly visualize the various forms of chlorite. This new approach has led to the creation of a digital chlorite library, in which we have co-registered optical and SEM-based images, and validated the mineral identification with complimentary techniques such as X-ray diffraction. This new methodology will be of interest and use to all those concerned with the identification and formation of chlorite in sandstones and the effects that diagenetic chlorite growth may have had on reservoir quality. The same approach may be adopted for other minerals (e.g. carbonates) with major element compositional variability that may influence the porosity and permeability of sandstone reservoirs.
Completeness for First-order Properties on Sparse Structures with Algorithmic Applications
Authors: Gao Jiawei , Impagliazzo Russell , Kolokolova Antonina , Williams Ryan 
Published: December 2018

Properties definable in first-order logic are algorithmically interesting for both theoretical and pragmatic reasons. Many of the most studied algorithmic problems, such as Hitting Set and Orthogonal Vectors, are first-order, and the first-order properties naturally arise as relational database queries. A relatively straightforward algorithm for evaluating a property with
k
+1 quantifiers takes time
O
(
m

k

) and, assuming the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH), some such properties require
O
(
m

k

−ϵ) time for any ϵ > 0. (Here, >
m
represents the size of the input structure, i.e., the number of tuples in all relations.)

We give algorithms for every first-order property that improves this upper bound to
m

k
/2

Θ (√ log
n
)

, i.e., an improvement by a factor more than any poly-log, but less than the polynomial required to refute SETH. Moreover, we show that further improvement is
equivalent
to improving algorithms for sparse instances of the well-studied Orthogonal Vectors problem. Surprisingly, both results are obtained by showing completeness of the Sparse Orthogonal Vectors problem for the class of first-order properties under fine-grained reductions. To obtain improved algorithms, we apply the fast Orthogonal Vectors algorithm of References [3, 16].

While fine-grained reductions (reductions that closely preserve the conjectured complexities of problems) have been used to relate the hardness of disparate specific problems both within P and beyond, this is the first such completeness result for a standard complexity class.
Impact of Slice Thickness on the Predictive Value of Lung Cancer Screening Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: Christensen Jared L. , Sharma Esseim , Gorvitovskaia Anastassia Y. , Watts Jerome P. , Assali Maen , Neverson Jade , Wu Wen‐Chih , Choudhary Gaurav , Morrison Alan R. 
Published: December 2018

Background
Image reconstruction thickness may impact quantitative coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) from lung cancer screening computed tomography (LCSCT), limiting its application in practice.

Methods and Results

We evaluated Agatston‐based quantitative CACS from 1.25‐mm LCSCT and cardiac computed tomography for agreement in 87 patients. We then evaluated Agatston‐based quantitative CACS from 1.25‐, 2.5‐, and 5.0‐mm slice thickness LCSCT for agreement in 258 patients. Secondary analysis included the impact of slice thickness on predictive value of 4‐year outcomes. Median age of patients who underwent 1.25‐mm LCSCT and cardiac computed tomography was 63 years (interquartile interval, 57, 68). CACS from 1.25‐mm LCSCT and cardiac computed tomography demonstrated a strong Pearson correlation, R=0.9770 (0.965, 0.985), with good agreement. The receiver operating characteristic curve areas under the curve for cardiac computed tomography and LCSCT were comparable at 0.8364 (0.6628, 1.01) and 0.8208 (0.6431, 0.9985), respectively (
P
=0.733). Median age of patients who underwent LCSCT with 3 slice thicknesses was 66 years (interquartile interval, 63, 73). Compared with CACS from 1.25‐mm scans, CACS from 2.5‐ and 5.0‐mm scans demonstrated strong Pearson correlations, R=0.9949 (0.9935, 0.996) and R=0.9478 (0.9338, 0.959), respectively, though bias was largely negative for 5.0‐mm scans. Receiver operating characteristic curve areas under the curve for 1.25‐, 2.5‐, and 5.0‐mm scans were comparable at 0.7040 (0.6307, 0.7772), 0.7063 (0.6327, 0.7799), and 0.7194 (0.6407, 0.7887), respectively (
P
=0.6487). When using individualized high‐risk thresholds derived from respective receiver operating characteristic curves, all slice thicknesses demonstrated similar prognostic value.

Conclusions
Slice thickness is an important consideration when interpreting Agatston CACS from LCSCTs. Despite the absence of ECG gating, it appears reasonable to report CACS from either 1.25‐ or 2.5‐mm slice thickness LCSCT to help stratify cardiovascular risk. Conversely, 5.0‐mm scans largely underidentify calcium, limiting practical use within the established CACS values used to categorize cardiovascular risk.