bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular miRNAs correlate with the clearance of Aβ through perivascular route in younger 3xTg‐AD mice
Authors: Fu Lijuan , Jiang Ge , Weng Hope , Dick Gregory M. , Chang Yanzhong , Kassab Ghassan S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe “two‐hit vascular hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease (AD)” and amyloid‐β (Aβ) oligomer hypothesis suggest that impaired soluble Aβ oligomers clearance through the cerebral vasculature may be an initial step of the AD process. Soluble Aβ oligomers are driven into perivascular spaces from the brain parenchyma and toward peripheral blood flow. The underlying vascular‐based mechanism, however, has not been defined. Given that microRNAs (miRNAs), emerging as novel modulators, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, we hypothesized that cerebrovascular miRNAs may regulate the activities of brain blood vessels, which further affects the concentration of Aβ in the AD brain. In this study, perivascular Aβ deposits, higher vascular activation, increased pericyte coverage and up‐regulated capillaries miRNAs at 6 months old (6 mo) were found to correlate with the lower Aβ levels of middle AD stage (9 mo) in 3xTg‐AD (3xTg) mice. It is implicated that at the early stage of AD when intracellular Aβ appeared, higher expression of vessel‐specific miRNAs, elevated pericyte coverage, and activated endothelium facilitate Aβ oligomer clearance through the perivascular route, resulting in a transient reduction of Aβ oligomers at 9 mo. Additionally, ghrelin‐induced upregulation of capillary miRNAs and increased pericyte coverage attenuated Aβ burden at 9 mo, in further support of the relationship between vascular miRNAs and Aβ clearance. This work suggests a cerebral microvessel miRNA may boost endothelial highly activated phenotypes to promote elimination of Aβ oligomers through the perivascular drainage pathway and contribute to AD progression. The targeting of brain vessel‐specific miRNAs may provide a new rationale for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for AD treatment.
In silico structure‐based design of GABAB receptor agonists using a combination of docking and QSAR
Authors: Martínez‐Campos Zuleyma , Pastor Nina , Pineda‐Urbina Kayim , Gómez‐Sandoval Zeferino , Fernández‐Zertuche Mario , Razo‐Hernández Rodrigo Said 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe study of γ‐aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABAB) activation is of great interest for several brain disorders. The search of new GABAB receptor agonists has been carried out by many research groups. As a result, Baclofen has become the prototypical GABAB receptor agonist. However, several attempts have been made to modify its structure to generate derivatives with improved activity. In this work, we carried out a theoretical and computational study for a wide range of GABAB receptor agonists reported in the literature. Molecular docking and QSAR techniques were combined by using the interaction energies of the agonists with the key residues of GABAB receptor, as molecular descriptors for the QSAR construction. The resulting mathematical model suggests that the activity of GABAB receptor agonists is influenced by three factors: their shape and molecular size (PW5 and PJI2), their constitutional features (ELUMO and T(N…O)) and the energy interaction with GABAB receptor (ETRP278). This model was validated by the QUIK, REDUNDANCY and OVERFITTING rules, and its predicted ability was tasted by the QLOO, QASYM, and rules. Finally, six new compounds are proposed (35–40) with high potential to be used as GABAB receptor agonists.
Parents’ Ethnotheories of Maladaptive Behavior in Young Children
Authors: Olson Sheryl L. , Lansford Jennifer E. , Evans E. Margaret , Blumstein Katherine P. , Ip Ka I 
Published: June 2019

AbstractParents’ culturally influenced belief systems, or ethnotheories, are critical components of children’s socialization. Beliefs about children’s desirable characteristics motivate specific parenting activities and moderate the effectiveness of childrearing practices. However, relatively little attention has been given to parents’ ethnotheories of children’s undesirable behavior. From a few studies, we know that parents have culturally specific theories about the nature and management of children’s maladaptive behavior that motivate their socialization practices. In this review, we identify gaps in the research and suggest that qualitative studies of parents’ ethnotheories about the nature and management of children’s deviant behavior have strong theoretical, empirical, and practical benefits for developmental science.
Decreased A20 expression on circulating CD56bright NK cells contributes to a worse disease status in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Yang M , Zhou Y , Liu L , Wang S , Jiang J , Shang Q , Yu H , Xiang X , Pang X , Li T , Zhao P 
Published: June 2019

Summary
A20, a pivotal anti-inflammatory protein, preserves immune homeostasis and regulates prolonged inflammation. A previous study has shown that A20 expression levels are down-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, the precise role of A20 in reducing autoimmune disorders needs to be further elucidated. In this study, A20 expression was found to be preferentially reduced on circulating CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells in patients with AS, and its level was negatively correlated with that of proinflammatory cytokines. Further investigation demonstrated that A20 reduces interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in CD56bright NK cells after stimulation with monokines or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin(P/I). Furthermore, CD56bright NK cells isolated from AS patients promote TNF-α secretion by autologous monocytes, and increasing the A20 expression level partially attenuates this process. More importantly, decreased A20 expression on circulating CD56bright NK cells is associated with worse disease status in patients with AS. Our findings reveal that A20 participates in the pathogenesis of AS by negatively regulating CD56bright NK cells and that its reduced expression contributes to a worsened disease status in patients with AS.
Obesity in older adults: Effect of degree of weight loss on cardiovascular markers and medications
Authors: Haywood Cilla J. , Prendergast Luke A. , Lim Ratana , Lappas Martha , Lim Wen Kwang , Proietto Joseph 
Published: June 2019

SummaryObesity worsens the age‐related tendency towards cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Older adults are vulnerable to medication adverse effects. Intentional weight loss in older adults with obesity has been shown to improve cardiovascular and glycaemic markers. The effect of rapid weight loss induced by very‐low‐calorie diets (VLCDs) on these markers has not been evaluated in this group. In this 12‐week study, participants were randomized to one of healthy eating, hypocaloric diet or VLCD, all combined with three times weekly exercise (Ex/HE, Ex/Diet, Ex/VLCD, respectively). The effects of these interventions on weight, blood pressure, lipids, glucose and HbA1c, inflammatory markers and cardiovascular and diabetes medication changes were measured. Weight loss was 3.7%, 5.1% and 11.1% in Ex/HE, Ex/Diet and Ex/VLCD, respectively. There were significant improvements in HbA1c in all groups, but by the greatest degree in Ex/VLCD (0.18 ± 0.07%, 0.18 ± 0.06% and 0.59 ± 0.13%, respectively). Similar patterns were seen in total cholesterol (0.13 ± 0.15, 0.21 ± 0.11 and 0.53 ± 0.13 mmol/L, respectively, P = .047), triglycerides (0.35 ± 0.13, 0.20 ± 0.10 and 0.51 ± 0.09 mmol/L, respectively, P = .011) and systolic blood pressure (9 ± 2, 2 ± 3 and 14 ± 3 mmHg respectively, P = .025). There were no between‐group differences in fasting glucose, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, LDL‐C and inflammatory markers. Reductions in anti‐hypertensive or diabetes medication were made in 4/29, 7/36 and 16/37 participants in Ex/HE, Ex/Diet and Ex/VLCD, respectively (P = .017). Significant weight loss achieved with a VLCD gave rise to improvements in multiple cardiovascular risk markers, despite reduction in medication. Weight loss is an under‐utilized method of cardiovascular risk management in this group.
Evaluating approaches for scaling‐up community‐based marine‐protected areas into socially equitable and ecologically representative networks
Authors: Kockel Alessia , Ban Natalie C. , Costa Maycira , Dearden Philip 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMarine‐protected areas (MPAs) are vital to marine conservation, but their coverage and distribution is insufficient to address declines in global biodiversity and fisheries. In response, many countries have committed through the Aichi Target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity to conserve 10% of the marine environment through ecologically representative and equitably managed MPAs by 2020. The rush to fulfill this commitment has raised concerns on how increasing MPA coverage will affect other elements of Target 11, including representation and equity. We examined a Philippines case study to assess and compare 3 MPA planning approaches for biodiversity representation and equitable distribution of costs to small‐scale fishers. In the opportunistic approach, MPAs were identified and supported by coastal communities. The donor‐assisted approach used local knowledge to select MPAs through a national‐scale and donor‐assisted conservation project. The systematic conservation planning approach identified MPA locations with the spatial prioritization software Marxan with Zones to achieve biodiversity objectives with minimal costs to fishers. We collected spatial data on biodiversity and fisheries features and performed a gap analysis to evaluate MPAs derived from different approaches. We assessed representation based on the proportion of biodiversity features conserved in MPAs and distribution equity by the distribution of opportunity costs (fishing areas lost in MPAs) among fisher stakeholder groups. The opportunistic approach did not ineffectively represent biodiversity and resulted in inequitable costs to fishers. The donor‐assisted approach affected fishers disproportionately but provided near‐optimal regional representation. Only the systematic approach achieved all representation targets with minimal and equitable costs to fishers. Our results demonstrate the utility of systematic conservation planning to address key elements of Target 11 and highlight opportunities (e.g., integration of local and scientific knowledge can address representation and equity concerns) and pitfalls (e.g., insufficient stakeholder considerations can exacerbate social inequalities) for planning MPAs in similar contexts.
Iranian Herbalists, But Not Cooks, Are Better at Naming Odors Than Laypeople
Authors: Casillas Marisa , Rafiee Afrooz , Majid Asifa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOdor naming is enhanced in communities where communication about odors is a central part of daily life (e.g., wine experts, flavorists, and some hunter‐gatherer groups). In this study, we investigated how expert knowledge and daily experience affect the ability to name odors in a group of experts that has not previously been investigated in this context—Iranian herbalists; also called attars—as well as cooks and laypeople. We assessed naming accuracy and consistency for 16 herb and spice odors, collected judgments of odor perception, and evaluated participants' odor meta‐awareness. Participants' responses were overall more consistent and accurate for more frequent and familiar odors. Moreover, attars were more accurate than both cooks and laypeople at naming odors, although cooks did not perform significantly better than laypeople. Attars' perceptual ratings of odors and their overall odor meta‐awareness suggest they are also more attuned to odors than the other two groups. To conclude, Iranian attars—but not cooks—are better odor namers than laypeople. They also have greater meta‐awareness and differential perceptual responses to odors. These findings further highlight the critical role that expertise and type of experience have on olfactory functions.
Desensitization in heart transplant recipients: Who, when, and how
Authors: Shah Kevin S. , Patel Jignesh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe number of heart transplant candidates who have pre‐formed antibodies against human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) is increasing over time. The purpose of this review is to discuss the process of antibody desensitization for heart transplant candidates. Specifically, we review the current status of antibody detection including identification, strength, and potential pathogenicity. We discuss which patients and when should they undergo desensitization therapies during heart transplant evaluation. Specific therapies including mechanical removal of antibodies, intravenous immunoglobulins, and novel immunosuppressive agents targeting antibody production will be discussed. Finally, future research strategies to develop novel desensitization therapies for heart transplant candidates will be reviewed.
The morphologic spectrum of germline‐mutated BAP1‐inactivated melanocytic tumors includes lesions with conventional nevic melanocytes: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Wysozan Timothy R. , Khelifa Sihem , Turchan Kirsten , Alomari Ahmed K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGermline mutations in BRCA1‐associated protein 1 (BAP1) are associated with several neoplasms, including BAP1‐inactivated melanocytic tumors (BIMTs). BIMTs are classically described as biphenotypic melanocytic proliferations with BAP1‐deficient large epithelioid and rhabdoid melanocytes showing various degrees of cytologic atypia. This morphology has been traditionally classified as “spitzoid” despite the various differences between these lesions and the more classic Spitz nevi. Herein, we report a case of an otherwise healthy 11‐year‐old female patient with a family history of several malignancies who presented with multiple pink to brown papules. Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation identified three lesions with loss of nuclear BAP1 staining. The histologic spectrum of these lesions included junctional spitzoid cells within a triphenotypic proliferation and a separate lesion composed entirely of dermal small to medium‐sized epithelioid melanocytes with maturation. BAP1 gene sequencing revealed a germline frameshift pathogenic BAP1 mutation, denoted c.1717delC. This case provides further evidence that not all BIMTs conform to classic morphological criteria and that the morphologic spectrum includes lesions resembling conventional nevi. As BIMTs can serve as an early marker of the BAP1 hereditary tumor predisposition syndrome, we believe a need exists for a more comprehensive combined clinical and pathological approach for BIMT identification.
Review of a single institution's fine needle aspiration results for thyroid nodules: Initial observations and lessons for the future
Authors: Ronen Ohad , Cohen Hector , Abu Mor 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the disease spectrum of thyroid cytopathology and correlation of the Bethesda reporting system with final histopathology in our medical centre.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted from histopathology reports from Galilee Medical Center between August 2013 and September 2017.ResultsA total of 287 thyroid fine needle aspirations were included in the study. The majority (55.1%) of these were benign (B2). Surgery was performed on 53 cases and the total malignancy rate was 39.6%. Our study had a favourable accuracy rate of 70%. A B4 Bethesda category had a higher malignancy rate (50%) than previously reported.ConclusionWe found a higher malignancy rate (50%) based on the Bethesda B4 category of the fine needle aspirations in our series, yet it is based on a small sample. The differences in malignancy rates between centres have an important impact on clinical decisions.
Actions speak louder than words: Differences in memory flexibility between monolingual and bilingual 18‐month‐olds
Authors: Barr Rachel , Rusnak Sylvia N. , Brito Natalie H. , Nugent Courtney 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBilingual infants from 6‐ to 24‐months of age are more likely to generalize, flexibly reproducing actions on novel objects significantly more often than age‐matched monolingual infants are. In the current study, we examine whether the addition of novel verbal labels enhances memory generalization in a perceptually complex imitation task. We hypothesized that labels would provide an additional retrieval cue and aid memory generalization for bilingual infants. Specifically, we hypothesized that bilinguals might be more likely than monolinguals to map multiple perceptual features onto a novel label and therefore show enhanced generalization. Eighty‐seven 18‐month‐old monolingual and bilingual infants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions or a baseline control condition. In the experimental conditions, either no label or a novel label was added during demonstration and again at the beginning of the test session. After a 24‐hr delay, infants were tested with the same stimulus set to test cued recall and with a perceptually different but functionally equivalent stimulus set to test memory generalization. Bilinguals performed significantly above baseline on both cued recall and memory generalization in both experimental conditions, whereas monolinguals performed significantly above baseline only on cued recall in both experimental conditions. These findings show a difference between monolinguals and bilinguals in memory generalization and suggest that generalization differences between groups may arise from visual perceptual processing rather than linguistic processing. A video abstract of this article can be viewed athttps://youtu.be/yXB4pM3fF2k
The Pediatric Temporal‐spatial Deviation Index: quantifying gait impairment for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Zhou Joanne Y , Zhang Kevin , Cahill‐Rowley Katelyn , Lowe Evan , Rose Jessica 
Published: June 2019

AimTo develop an easily‐administered metric to quantify gait impairment in children and to assess its use in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThe Pediatric Temporal‐spatial Deviation Index (TDI) was developed from gait data collected from 75 typically developing children (37 males, 38 females; mean age 9y 4mo; interquartile range [IQR] 8–10y) and 17 children diagnosed with spastic CP (nine males, eight females; mean age 9y 9mo; IQR 9–11y), in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III, aged 7 to 11 years. Children walked on a pressure‐sensitive mat. Children with CP also completed 3D gait analysis. The Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin test of sampling adequacy was used for temporal‐spatial feature selection. Principal components obtained from temporal‐spatial gait parameters quantified deviation from typically developing gait. Deviation was normalized to a Pediatric TDI score mean (standard deviation [SD]) of 100 (10). The Pediatric TDI for children with CP was compared to 3D motion capture‐based Gait Deviation Index (GDI).ResultsThe Pediatric TDI was significantly lower for children with CP compared to typically developing children (p<0.001), correlated with average GDI (r=0.610, p=0.009), and demonstrated sensitivity (0.78) and specificity (0.88) to gait function, assessed with GDI.InterpretationThe Pediatric TDI is an easily administered, revealing gait metric that can be used in children with CP in pediatric clinics and for research. Detection of gait abnormalities in the clinic can expedite diagnosis and treatment.What this paper adds

The Pediatric Temporal‐spatial Deviation Index (TDI) is a single‐score index of gait deviation, based on nine parameters.

The Pediatric TDI was more revealing than single temporal‐spatial gait parameters.

The Pediatric TDI is quick and simple to administer in the clinic.
Evaluation of left atrial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Chang Wenxing , Wang Ying , Sun Lihua , Yu Dong , Li Ying , Li Guangsen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess left atrial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE).MethodsWe classified 97 patients with T2DM into three groups according to the results of liver ultrasonography: group A (without NAFLD), group B (mild fatty liver), and group C (moderate to severe fatty liver). Conventional echocardiography parameters included left atrial end‐systolic diameter (LAD), left ventricular end‐systolic and end‐diastolic diameter (LVDs, LVDd), end‐diastolic thickness of ventricular septumi and LV posterior wall (IVSTd, LVPWTd), peak E and A of mitralis (E, A), septal and lateral early (e′) mitral annular diastolic tissue velocities, then calculated E/A and E/mean e′. We measured LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and left atrial (LA) volumes (max, min, and preatrial contraction volume) by Simpson's rule, then calculated LA passive and active ejection fraction (LAPEF, LAAEF), left atrial maximum volume index (LAVImax). The global peak longitudinal systolic strain (LASRs), early diastolic strain (LASRe), and late diastolic strain (LASRa) rates of the LA were obtained by 2D‐STE.ResultsNo differences were found between groups A and B (all P > 0.05). In group C, LAAEF and LASRa were obviously higher, while LAPEF, LASRe, and LASRs were obviously decreased compared with those values in groups A and B (all P < 0.05). The association between the severity of NAFLD and the differences in LA strain values remained significant after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionTwo‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography can evaluate the left atrial function in T2DM patients with NAFLD.
Analysis of temporal fluctuations in numbers of sexually mature Anastrepha ludens females over an extensive citrus area in northeastern Mexico
Authors: Vanoye‐Eligio Venancio , de la Luz Vázquez‐Sauceda María , Rosas‐Mejía Madaí , Vera Alicia , Cortés‐Hernández Dora Elia , Rocandio‐Rodríguez Mario 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the most important pests in citrus‐growing areas in Mexico. In this study, we analyzed the temporal fluctuation of sexually mature females of A. ludens populations with respect to the availability of commercial hosts and climatic factors, as well as population data of females over an extensive citrus area in northeastern Mexico. The numbers of mature females were treated as proportions and analyzed with generalized linear mixed models with a binomial error distribution. Results revealed positive effects on proportions of mature females when commercial hosts (Valencia orange and grapefruit) were available at both medium and high levels, whereas negative effects on proportions were observed when commercial hosts were scarcely available. Monthly analyses indicated positive trends on proportion in March, April, October, and November, whereas negative trends were seen in January and June. A low capture of mature females during the late summer and the onset of winter suggests transitional phenological processes across the year. Overall, no relationships were observed between proportions with temperature and the total number of females; however, a positive relationship was observed between proportion and rainfall. These findings provide insight into the reproductive phenology of A. ludens with practical implications for fruit sampling, as well as for the autocidal or chemical control in an areawide integrated pest management (AW‐IPM) approach in citrus‐growing areas of northeastern Mexico.