bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Business regulation, rule of law and formal entrepreneurship: evidence from developing countries
Authors: Salinas Aldo , Ortiz Cristian , Muffatto Moreno 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of formal rules such as business regulation and rule of law on the level of formal entrepreneurship in Latin America countries over time.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the panel regression techniques to examine the influence of business regulation and rule of law on formal entrepreneurship. In particular, they implement together two alternative views of formal entrepreneurship suggested in the literature: the “dual” and “legalistic” view. At the empirical level, the “dual” definition corresponds to the business owners’ rate. As for the “legal” definition, it corresponds to the business registration rate. The evidence presented is based on two panels. The first panel covers the period 2004–2015, and the data set contains 180 observations in 18 countries. The second panel covers the period 2006–2015, and the data set contains 134 observations in 14 countries.FindingsThe impact of institutional variables on formal entrepreneurship depends on the definition employed: “dual” or “legal.” Thus, the results suggest that business owners’ rate is more substantial in Latin American countries that have weak property rights. Conversely, from a legal definition, the business registration rate is more significant in Latin American countries that have most secure property rights and fewer labor regulations. These contradictory results suggest that the legal definition of formal entrepreneurship, but not the dual definition, seems to be associated with the type of entrepreneurial activity that promotes economic growth and development.Research limitations/implicationsThe results support the importance of conducting analyzes that take into account the different types of entrepreneurial activities that are present in an economy, and in addition the relevance of understanding what each measure is capturing of the heterogeneous phenomenon of entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that the entrepreneurship policy should focus on the quality of entrepreneurship, rather than merely seeking to increase the number of new businesses. Additionally, the results suggest that the legalistic definition of formal entrepreneurship is probably the most relevant for many policy issues.Originality/valueThe paper analyzes together two alternative views of formal entrepreneurship suggested in the literature: the “dual” and “legalistic” views. Also, the paper has used the Latinobarómetro data set, which has not been extensively used by scholars in the field of entrepreneurship and which could be useful for longitudinal research on entrepreneurial activity in Latin American countries.
Beyond nationality
Authors: Kim Chipoong , Chung Chul , Brewster Chris 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe literature on international staffing in multinational enterprises (MNEs) often focuses on staffing choices based on nationality categories (e.g. parent-country nationals, host-country nationals, third-country nationals) for key positions in subsidiaries when examining their impacts on subsidiary outcomes. Considering both nationality and international experience, the purpose of this paper is to suggest an integrative typology to identify and classify various types of traditional and alternative subsidiary staffing options and evaluate them in relation to social capital and knowledge flows across MNE organizations.Design/methodology/approachBased on a social capital view of MNEs, the authors propose a typology of subsidiary staffing options founded on the dimensions of nationality and the location of prior international experience of incumbents of key positions. Then traditional as well as alternative staffing options from the literature are identified and evaluated corresponding to each type of staffing option in the framework.FindingsThe typology identifies nine types of subsidiary staffing options. It includes and classifies the traditional and alternative staffing options, while highlighting types which need further research. The study also suggests impacts of the traditional and alternative staffing type on social capital and knowledge flows in MNEs.Originality/valueThe new typology identifies various types of subsidiary staffing options comprehensively and evaluates them systematically. HRM specialists can classify subsidiary managers based on the typology and examine which staffing option would be desirable given a specific subsidiary context. The research also provides novel insights on what needs to be considered to select and develop subsidiary managers who can build internal and external social capital in MNEs.
Quantitative assessment of academic value and demand of journals and determination of core journals for a discipline
Authors: Sui Gui Ling , Yao Bin 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach of quantitative assessment of academic value and demand of journals for a discipline.

Design/methodology/approach
This study defines relative citation rate (RCR) and utilization rate (UR) of journals cited by a discipline with a case of inorganic chemistry discipline in Jilin University, ranks the journals in decreasing order of RCR and UR, and analyzes the RCR and UR curves with mathematical statistics and physics.

Findings
The RCR and UR curves can be expressed as: RCR(n)=N1exp(−n/t(N1))+N2exp(−n/t(N2))=64.54exp(−n/1.98)+31.14exp(−n/23.11) and UR(n)=Y1exp(−n/t(Y1))+Y2exp(−n/t(Y2))=85.06exp(−n/108.6)+12.94exp(−n/705.8). The parameters t(N1), t(N2), t(Y1) and t(Y2) can be used to assess quantitatively academica value and demand of journal for a discipline and to determine core journals of the discipline.

Research limitations/implications
This approach is used to quantitatively assess academic value and demand of journals for a discipline.

Practical implications
This approach may provide useful information for journal management of library.

Originality/value
The present work is original.
Developing ethical leadership for business organizations
Authors: Sharma Avnish , Agrawal Rakesh , Khandelwal Utkal 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the growing construct of ethical leadership and its related concepts that focus on the importance of the moral aspect of leadership. It focuses on the idea of ethical leadership, personality attributes of ethical leaders and develops a conceptual framework including various propositions related to the antecedents and outcomes of ethical leadership.Design/methodology/approachThis is a review paper based on a synthesis of leadership literature from existing research journals and articles on ethical leadership. Authors analyzed selected papers on ethical leadership to propose a conceptual framework that shows the antecedents and outcomes of ethical leadership.FindingsAn ethical leader is one who strongly believes in following the right set of values and ideals in their decisions, actions and behavior. One has to be honest with high integrity, with people orientation and communicates assertively. Among the other attributes of an ethical leader, one needs to be responsible for taking unbiased decisions in benefit and overall interest of people and organization. This ethical leadership plays a vital role in developing positive outcomes such as followers’ organizational commitment and organizational identification. Trust in leadership can moderate this relationship.Practical implicationsThis paper offers opportunities for researchers to explore discoveries in leadership style and also helps to understand the ways the organizations can develop ethical leaders at the workplace. An effective and efficient leader integrates ethics with leadership and thus makes its presence felt and emerges as a role model to play a more positive and valuable role in an organization.Originality/valueThis paper helps the strategist and educators to conceptualize ethical leadership and its framework including leaders’ ideal traits, similarities and differences of ethical leadership with other leadership styles and its role in developing positive outcomes in an organization. It presents a framework of ten testable propositions about ethical leadership that are relevant for both the practitioners and the scholars.
Formulation of pseudospectral meshless radial point Hermit interpolation for the Motz problem and comparison to pseudospectral meshless radial point interpolation
Authors: Shivanian Elyas 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop pseudospectral meshless radial point Hermit interpolation (PSMRPHI) for applying to the Motz problem.Design/methodology/approachThe author aims to propose a kind of PSMRPHI method.FindingsBased on the Motz problem, the author aims also to compare PSMRPHI and PSMRPI which belong to more influence type of meshless methods.Originality/valueAlthough the PSMRPHI method has been infrequently used in applications, the author proves it is more accurate and trustworthy than the PSMRPI method.
Time-related work stress and counterproductive work behavior
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Haq Inam Ul , Azeem Muhammad Umer 
Published: September 2019

PurposeWith a basis in the conservation of resources theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between employees’ experience of time-related work stress and their engagement in counterproductive work behavior (CWB), as well as the invigorating roles that different deviant personality traits might play in this process.Design/methodology/approachTwo-wave survey data with a time lag of three weeks were collected from 127 employees in Pakistani organizations.FindingsEmployees’ sense that they have insufficient time to do their job tasks spurs their CWB, and this effect is particularly strong if they have strong Machiavellian, narcissistic or psychopathic tendencies.Originality/valueThis study adds to extant research by identifying employees’ time-related work stress as an understudied driver of their CWB and the three personality traits that constitute the dark triad as triggers of the translation of time-related work stress into CWB.
Investigation of photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells based on azo dyes contain various anchoring groups
Authors: Hosseinnezhad Mozhgan , Shaki Hanieh 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the substituent effect in dye-sensitized solar cells’ (DSSCs) performance. For this end, three new metal organic dyes with DPA structure were synthesized. For investigation of the substituent effect, two different anchoring groups, namely, 1,3-dioxo-1Hbenz[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)benzenesulfonamides and 1,8-naphthalimide, were used.

Design/methodology/approach
Three organic dyes based on azo were selected, which contain various electron donor groups. Absorption properties of purified dyes were studied in solution and on photoelectrode (TiO2 and ZnO) substrate. DSSCs were prepared to determine the photovoltaic performance of each photosensitizer.

Findings
The results showed that all organic dyes form J-aggregation on the photoanode substrate. Cyclic voltammetry results for all organic dyes ensured an energetically permissible and thermodynamically favorable charge transfer throughout the continuous cycle of photo-electric conversion. The results illustrate conversion efficiencies of cells based on solution Dyes 1, 2 and 3 and TiO2 as 3.44, 4.71 and 4.82 per cent, respectively. The conversion efficiencies of cells based on solution Dye 1, 2 and 3 and ZnO are 3.21, 4.09 and 4.14 per cent, respectively.

Practical implications
In this study, the development of effect of assembling materials, offering improved photovoltaic properties.

Social implications
Organic dye attracts more and more attention because of its low-cost, facile route synthesis and less-hazardous properties.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the effect of anchoring agent and nanostructure on DSSCs performance was investigated for the first time.
The challenge
Authors: Raar Jean , Barut Meropy , Azim Mohammad Istiaq 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to re-kindle debate about finding a conceptual and pragmatic basis for accounting and accountability researchers and to incorporate biodiversity management into the internal practices, routines and communication of organizations.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative interplay of theories, particularly structuration theory, applied to an interdisciplinary, communitarian and eco-centric perspective will be used to demonstrate the need for change: for researchers and practitioners to interact with other disciplines and adapt their professional, institutional and governance practices to incorporate biodiversity management and reporting within organizational structures.FindingsCollective community action can be undertaken by aligning physical biodiversity and its setting with the interrelationship between external information structures, accountability and internal information structures, agent behaviour and the reporting of outcomes. This should assist in reducing the loss of species and richness triggered by unsound economic decision-making.Practical implicationsThis is perhaps one of the few accounting studies which discuss theoretical frameworks for the integration of accounting/accountability systems and biological diversity information through a conceptual rethinking.Social implicationsThis should assist in reducing the loss of species and richness triggered by unsound economic decision-making.Originality/valueThis paper re-opens the debate regarding the need for an alternative conceptual approach through which biodiversity management can be incorporated into the complexities of business interactions, and the social and natural systems, by using management accounting as a primary vehicle. This is perhaps one of the few accounting studies which discuss theoretical frameworks for the integration of accounting/accountability systems and biological diversity information through a conceptual rethinking.
Thermal decomposition of binary mixtures of organic activators used in no-clean fluxes and impact on PCBA corrosion reliability
Authors: Piotrowska Kamila , Li Feng , Ambat Rajan 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the decomposition behavior of binary mixtures of organic activators commonly used in the no-clean wave flux systems upon their exposure to thermal treatments simulating wave soldering temperatures. The binary blends of activators were studied at varying ratios between the components.

Design/methodology/approach
Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to study the characteristics of weak organic acid (WOA) mixtures degradation as a function of temperature. The amount of residue left on the surface after the heat treatments was estimated by gravimetric measurements as a function of binary mixture type, temperature and exposure time. Ion chromatography analysis was used for understanding the relative difference between decomposition of activators in binary blends. The aggressivity of the left residue was assessed using the acidity indication gel test, and effect on reliability was investigated by DC leakage current measurement performed under varying humidity and potential bias conditions.

Findings
The results show that the typical range of temperatures experienced by electronics during the wave soldering process is not sufficient for the removal of significant activator amounts. If the residues contain binary mixture of WOAs, the final ratio between the components, the residue level and the corrosive effects depend on the relative decomposition behavior of individual components. Among the WOA investigated under the conventional wave soldering temperature, the evaporation and removal of succinic acid is more dominant compared to adipic and glutaric acids.

Practical implications
The findings are attributed to the chemistry of WOAs typically used as flux activators for wave soldering purposes. The results show the importance of controlling the WOA content and ratio between activating components in a flux formulation in relation to its tendencies for evaporation during soldering and the impact of its residues on electronics reliability.

Originality/value
The results show that the significant levels of flux residues can only be removed at significantly higher temperatures and longer exposure times compared to the conventional temperature range used for the wave soldering process. The potential corrosion issues related to insufficient flux residues removal will be determined by the residue amount, its composition and ratio between organic components. The proper time of thermal treatment and careful choice of fluxing formulation could ensure more climatically reliable product.
The impact of peer evaluation on team effort, productivity, motivation and performance in global virtual teams
Authors: Tavoletti Ernesto , Stephens Robert D. , Dong Longzhu 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis study aims to assess the effect of peer evaluations on team-level effort, productivity, motivation and overall team performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study explores the impact of a peer evaluation system on 895 multicultural and transnational global virtual teams (GVTs) composed of 5,852 university students from 130 different countries. The study uses a quasi-experiment in which the group project is implemented under two conditions over two sequential iterations. In the first condition, team members do not receive peer evaluation feedback during the project. In the second condition, participants completed detailed peer evaluations of their team members and received feedback weekly for eight consecutive weeks.FindingsResults suggest that when peer evaluations are used in GVTs during the project, teams show: higher levels of group effort; lower levels of average productivity and motivation; and no clear evidence of improved team performance. Results cast doubts on the benefits of peer evaluation within GVTs as the practice fails to reach its main objective of improving team performance and generates some negative internal dynamics.Practical implicationsThe major implication of the study for managers and educators using GVTs is that the use of peer evaluations during the course of a project does not appear to improve objective team performance and reduces team motivation and perception of productivity despite increases in teams’ perceptions of effort and performance.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the scanty literature regarding the impact of peer evaluation systems on group-level dynamics and performance outcomes.
Toward more rapid and efficient peer review: A case study on publication in Ecological Research
Authors: Okuzaki Yutaka , Nakamura Shoko , Nakaoka Masahiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe peer‐review system ensures the reliability of academic publication. However, authors may be unsatisfied with the duration of peer‐review and/or the reviewers' comments, whereas both reviewers and editors have many concerns over peer‐reviewing. To provide information to increase the efficiency of the peer‐review process for authors, reviewers and editors, we analyzed recent trends in publication and peer‐review processes in Ecological Research, and asked Editorial Board members to answer an online questionnaire. The acceptance rate of “Original Articles,” which accounted for 89.2% of all submissions, was 20.1%, whereas those of “Special Features,” “Data Papers,” and “Technical Reports” were 76.3, 73.7 and 38.3%, respectively. The median number of days to final decision was 168 for accepted manuscripts. The stage when handling editors invited reviewers to review was the longest stage during the peer‐review process. This stage was prolonged when potential reviewers declined the invitations to review. The results of the questionnaire revealed that both editors and reviewers felt burdened by the load of peer‐reviewing. Most editors encountered declining of peer‐review invitations. As the period of assigning reviewers is the most important step in determining the number of days to the final decision, the editorial office should support handling editors to locate reviewers. Motivating reviewers to review manuscripts is another way to speed up the process. Since many respondents indicated that improvements in the logical structure and English standard of manuscripts would facilitate review, authors could improve the process by carefully preparing their manuscripts with consideration to readers, including voluntary reviewers and editors.
Simple nonlethal identification criteria for two endangered freshwater pearl mussels, Margaritifera laevis and Margaritifera togakushiensis, in Hokkaido, northern Japan
Authors: Miura Kazuki , Ishiyama Nobuo , Kawajiri Keita , Atsumi Keisuke , Tachibana Michikusa , Nagasaka Yu , Machida Yoshiyasu , Yiyang Gao , Negishi Junjiro N. , Koizumi Itsuro , Nakamura Futoshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpecies identification is a fundamental process for ecological studies and conservation practices, and simple nonlethal identification criteria are important for endangered species. This study developed species identification criteria for two endangered freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera laevis and Margaritifera togakushiensis) based on linear discriminant functions (LDFs) that were established considering intraspecific regional morphological differences from sites at Hokkaido, northern Japan. We collected a total of 1,110 mussels from 52 rivers across 32 watersheds in two geographical regions (east and west). Shell morphologies (length, height, and width) of the collected mussels were measured, followed by species identification with gel electrophoresis banding patterns of 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction products. LDFs were constructed for two size classes (≥40 mm and < 40 mm) using forward stepwise procedures to determine key morphological differences between the two species and consideration of whether regional morphological differences improved identification accuracies. The LDFs revealed that the morphologies of the two species were clearly distinguished by the relationship between height and length for both size classes. Region‐specific LDFs produced better identification accuracies. Regardless of region, the maximum length of M. laevis exceeded 100 mm, whereas all M. togakushiensis were < 100 mm in length. Identification accuracies of the established LDFs were high for each of the five length classes (0–20 mm, 20–40 mm, 40–60 mm, 60–80 mm, and 80–100 mm) with 85–96% (mean: 92%) accuracy in the east and 67–96% (mean: 80%) in the west. These criteria for species identification will progress future ecological studies and conservation practices for freshwater mussels.