bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development, Psychometric Assessment, and Predictive Validity of the Postpartum Childcare Stress Checklist
Authors: Dennis Cindy-Lee , Brown Hilary K. , Brennenstuhl Sarah 
Published: August 2018

Background
Childcare stress has been shown to predict postpartum depression; however, there is little research exploring and validating the dimensions of childcare stress instruments such that preventive interventions can be created.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically test an instrument to measure parental perceptions of postpartum childcare stress.

Methods
Using research based on postpartum stress and childcare stress, the Postpartum Childcare Stress Checklist (PCSC) was developed, and content validity was judged by experts. The PCSC was psychometrically assessed in a cohort of 541 women in a health region near Vancouver, Canada, who were followed to 8 weeks postpartum in 2002. The psychometric assessment analyses comprised internal consistency, exploratory factory analysis, concurrent validity, and predictive validity.

Results
The 19-item PCSC had good internal consistency (Kuder–Richardson Formula 20 coefficient: 0.81). Exploratory factor analysis revealed the following dimensions: (a) relationship with the partner, (b) caring for the infant, (c) maternal social interactions, and (d) establishing a new routine. Predictive validity analyses showed that PCSC total and subscale scores at 4 weeks were positively correlated with depressive symptomatology, anxiety, and perceived stress and negatively correlated with global and partner support at 8 weeks postpartum.

Discussion
The PCSC is a measure of childcare stress with excellent reliability and validity. Upon further testing, it may be used to identify women and couples in need of greater support, individualize postpartum care, and evaluate the effectiveness of preventive interventions.
The Partnership for Accelerating Cancer Therapies
Authors: Baker Rebecca G. , Hoos Axel X. , Adam Stacey J. , Wholley David , Doroshow James H. , Lowy Douglas R. , Tabak Lawrence A. , Collins Francis S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
As a part of the Cancer Moonshot, the National Cancer Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health, the Foundation for National Institutes of Health, the US Food and Drug Administration, and 12 pharmaceutical companies have formed a 5-year, $220 million precompetitive public-private research collaboration called the Partnership for Accelerating Cancer Therapies. A systematic cross-sector effort to identify and develop robust, standardized biomarkers and related clinical data, Partnership for Accelerating Cancer Therapies will support the selection and testing of promising immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer, with the goal of bringing effective therapy to more patients.
Impact of a Comprehensive Adolescent-Focused Case Finding Intervention on Uptake of HIV Testing and Linkage to Care Among Adolescents in Western Kenya
Authors: Kose Judith , Tiam Appolinaire , Ochuka Bernard , Okoth Elizabeth , Sunguti Joram , Waweru Michael , Mwangi Eliud , Wolters Theresa , Rakhmanina Natella 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Low HIV testing uptake prevents identification of adolescents living with HIV and linkage to care and treatment. We implemented an innovative service package at health care facilities to improve HIV testing uptake and linkage to care among adolescents aged 10–19 years in Western Kenya.

Methods:
This quasi-experimental study used preintervention and postintervention data at 139 health care facilities (hospitals, health centers, and dispensaries). The package included health worker capacity building, program performance monitoring tools, adolescent-focused HIV risk screening tool, and adolescent-friendly hours.
The study population was divided into early (10–14 years) and late (15–19 years) age cohorts. Implementation began in July 2016, with preintervention data collected during January–March 2016 and postintervention data collected during January–March 2017. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the numbers of adolescents tested for HIV, testing HIV-positive, and linked to care services. Preintervention and postintervention demographic and testing data were compared using the Poisson mean test. χ2 testing was used to compare the linkage to care rates.

Results:
During the preintervention period, 25,520 adolescents were tested, 198 testing HIV-positive (0.8%) compared with 77,644 adolescents tested with 534 testing HIV-positive (0.7%) during the postintervention period (both P-values <0.001). The proportion of HIV-positive adolescents linked to care increased from 61.6% to 94.0% (P < 0.001). The increase in linkage to care was observed among both age cohorts and within each facility type (both P-values <0.001).

Conclusions:
The adolescent-focused case finding intervention package led to a significant increase in both HIV testing uptake and linkage to care services among adolescents in Western Kenya.
Medial Arm Flap
Authors: de la Parra Marquez Miguel , Fernandez-Riera Ricardo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Currently, deep inferior epigastric perforator flap is undoubtedly the first choice for autologous breast reconstruction for most surgeons; however, there are instances where lower abdominal tissue is unavailable for microvascular transfer. In these cases, most surgeons choose gluteal or lower-extremity territories as donor sites.
In the setting of morbid obesity, there is an increased risk of flap and donor site complications, as well as increased blood loss, surgical time, and risk of deep venous thrombosis, not to mention a more challenging surgical technique. Added to these problems, Tamoxifen intake and delayed or limited ambulation due to pain or surgical wounds increases deep venous thrombosis risk even further.
The use of the upper arm as donor site for microvascular transfer avoids most of these problems and allows for immediate, comfortable ambulation. On the other hand, upper arm flaps have smaller caliber vessels for microanastomosis, shorter pedicles, and a limited amount of skin which makes them a viable option for only a select group of patients with redundant upper arm skin. We provide a previously undocumented proof-of-concept case report of a delayed breast reconstruction using the medial arm free flap that resulted in an uneventful postoperatory follow-up with a naturally textured and shaped reconstructed breast.
Early Hyperoxia in The Intensive Care Unit is Significantly Associated With Unfavorable Neurological Outcomes in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Yokoyama Shota , Hifumi Toru , Kawakita Kenya , Tamiya Takashi , Minamino Tetsuo , Kuroda Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Although oxygen administration is fundamental in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients in the acute stage, hyperoxia has harmful effects. The effects of hyperoxia on neurological outcomes in SAH patients are unclear. We aimed to examine the association of hyperoxia during the first 24 h in the intensive care unit (ICU) with unfavorable neurological outcomes in SAH patients.

Methods:
We retrospectively selected consecutive adult patients admitted to ICU for SAH between January 2009 and April 2018. We defined normoxia during the first 24 h in ICU as PaO2 of 60 mm Hg to 120 mm Hg, mild hyperoxia as PaO2 of 121 mm Hg to 200 mm Hg, moderate hyperoxia as PaO2 of 201 mm Hg to 300 mm Hg, and severe hyperoxia as PaO2 of >300 mm Hg. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the association between hyperoxia during the first 24 h in ICU and unfavorable neurological outcomes (i.e., modified Rankin scale score of 3–6 at hospital discharge).

Results:
Among 196 SAH patients, 90 had unfavorable neurological outcomes. Hyperoxia was observed in 93.4% of patients. No significant association was observed between unfavorable neurological outcomes and hyperoxia in overall patients. However, we found that early hyperoxia in ICU was significantly associated with unfavorable neurological outcomes in SAH patients with Hunt and Kosnik (H&K) grades I to III (Relative risk, 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–2.94; P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Early hyperoxia was not associated with unfavorable neurological outcomes in overall SAH patients, but it was associated with unfavorable neurological outcomes in those with H&K grades I to III.
The Impact of Hospital Volume and Charlson Score on Postoperative Mortality of Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer
Authors: El Amrani Mehdi , Clement Guillaume , Lenne Xavier , Rogosnitzky Moshe , Theis Didier , Pruvot François-René , Zerbib Philippe 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
To identify the impact of hospital volume according to Charlson Comorbidity Index (ChCI) on postoperative mortality (POM) after rectal cancer surgery.

Background:
A volume–outcome relationship has been established in complex surgical procedures. However, little is known regarding the impact of hospital volume on POM according to patients’ comorbidities after rectal cancer surgery.

Methods:
All patients undergoing proctectomy for cancer from 2012 to 2016 were identified in the French nationwide database. Patient condition was assessed on the basis of the validated ChCl and was stratified into 3 groups according to the score (0–2, 3, and ≥4). Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) was used to identify the cut-off values of the annual proctectomy caseload affecting the 90-day POM. The 90-day POM was analyzed according to hospital volume (low: <10, intermediate: 10–40, and high: ≥41 cases/yr) and ChCI.

Results:
Among 45,569 rectal cancer resections, the 90-day POM was 3.5% and correlated to ChCI (ChCI 0–2: 1.9%, ChCI 3: 4.9%, ChCI ≥4: 5.8%; P < 0.001). There was a linear decrease in POM with increasing hospital volume (low: 5.6%, intermediate: 3.5%, high: 1.9%; P < 0.001). For low-risk patients (ChCl 0–2), 90-day POM was significantly higher in low and intermediate hospital volume compared with high hospital volume centers (3.2% and 1.8% vs 1.1%; P < 0.001). A significant decrease in postoperative hemorrhage complication rates was observed with increasing center volume (low: 13.3%, intermediate: 11.9%, and high: 9.4%; P < 0.001). After multivariable analysis, proctectomy in low [odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–2.58, P < 0.001] and intermediate (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.2–1.75, P < 0.001) hospital volume centers were independently associated with higher risk of mortality.

Conclusion:
The POM after proctectomy for rectal cancer is strongly associated with hospital volume independent of patients’ comorbidities. To improve postoperative outcomes, rectal surgery should be centralized.
Establishing a Regional Trauma Preventable/Potentially Preventable Death Rate
Authors: Drake Stacy A. , Holcomb John B. , Yang Yijiong , Thetford Caitlin , Myers Lauren , Brock Morgan , Wolf Dwayne A. , Cron Stanley , Persse David , McCarthy James , Kao Lillian , Todd S. Rob , Naik-Mathuria Bindi J. , Cox Charles , Kitagawa Ryan , Sandberg Glenn , Wade Charles E. 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
To establish a trauma preventable/potentially preventable death rate (PPPDR) within a heavily populated county in Texas.

Summary:
The National Academies of Sciences estimated the trauma preventable death rate in the United States to be 20%, issued a call for zero preventable deaths, while acknowledging that an accurate preventable death rate was lacking. In this absence, effective strategies to improve quality of care across trauma systems will remain difficult.

Methods:
A retrospective review of death-related records that occurred during 2014 in Harris County, TX, a diverse population of 4.4 million. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, cause, timing, and location of deaths were assessed. Deaths were categorized using uniform criteria and recorded as preventable, potentially preventable or nonpreventable.

Results:
Of 1848 deaths, 85% had an autopsy and 99.7% were assigned a level of preventability, resulting in a trauma PPPDR of 36.2%. Sex, age, and race/ethnicity varied across preventability categories (P < 0.01). Of 847 prehospital deaths, 758 (89.5%) were nonpreventable. Among 89 prehospital preventable/potentially preventable (P/PP) deaths, hemorrhage accounted for 55.1%. Of the 657 initial acute care setting deaths, 292 (44.4%) were P/PP; of these, hemorrhage, sepsis, and traumatic brain injury accounted for 73.3%. Of 339 deaths occurring after initial hospitalization, 287 (84.7%) were P/PP, of these 117 resulted from sepsis and 31 from pulmonary thromboembolism, accounted for 51.6%.

Conclusions:
The trauma PPPDR was almost double that estimated by the National Academies of Sciences. Data regarding P/PP deaths offers opportunity to target research, prevention, intervention, and treatment corresponding to all phases of the trauma system.
The Impact of Corporate Payments on Robotic Surgery Research
Authors: Criss Cory N. , MacEachern Mark P. , Matusko Niki , Dimick Justin B. , Maggard-Gibbons Melinda , Gadepalli Samir K. 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
To quantify the influence of financial conflict of interest (COI) payments on the reporting of clinical results for robotic surgery.

Data Sources and Study Selection:
A systematic search (Ovid MEDLINE databases) was conducted (May 2017) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing the efficacy of the da Vinci robot on clinical outcomes. Financial COI data for authors (per study) were determined using open payments database.

Main Outcomes and Measures:
Primary outcomes assessed were receipt of financial COI payments and overall conclusion reported between robotic versus comparative approach. Quality/risk of bias was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS)/Cochrane risk of bias tool. Disclosure discrepancies were also analyzed.

Data Extraction and Synthesis:
Study characteristics, surgical subspecialty, methodological assessment, reporting of disclosure statements, and study findings dual abstracted. The association of the amount of financial support received as a predictor of reporting positive findings associated robotic surgery was assessed at various cut-offs of dollar amount received by receiver operating curve (ROC).

Results:
Thirty-three studies were included, 9 RCTs and 24 observational studies. There was a median, 111 patients (range 10 to 6420) across studies. A little more than half (17/33) had a conclusion statement reporting positive results in support of robotic surgery, with 48% (16/33) reporting results not in favor [equivocal: 12/33 (36%), negative: 4/33 (12%)]. Nearly all (91%) studies had authors who received financial COI payments, with a median of $3364.46 per study (range $9 to $1,775,378.03). ROC curve demonstrated that studies receiving greater than $9557.31 (cutpoint) were more likely to report positive robotic surgery results (sensitivity: 0.65, specificity: 0.81, area under the curve: 0.73). Studies with financial COI payment greater than this amount were more likely to report beneficial outcomes with robotic surgery [(78.57% vs 31.58%, P = 0.013) with an odds ratio of 2.07 (confidence interval: 0.47–3.67; P = 0.011)]. Overall, studies were high quality/low risk of bias [median NOS: 8 (range 5 to 9)]; Cochrane risk: “low risk” (9/9, 100%)].

Conclusion and Relevance:
Financial COI sponsorship appears to be associated with a higher likelihood of studies reporting a benefit of robotic surgery. Our findings suggest a dollar amount where financial payments influence reported clinical results, a concept that challenges the current guidelines, which do not account for the amount of COI funding received.
Laparoscopic Ileocolic Pexy as Preventive Treatment Alternative for Ileocolic Intussusception With Multiple Recurrences in Children
Authors: Li Bing , Sun Chun-Xia , Chen Wei-Bing , Zhang Feng-Nian 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
Idiopathic intussusception is one of the most common causes of small bowel obstruction in children. To decrease subsequent recurrence and to detect a lead point, an early laparoscopy was performed for children with multiple recurrent ileocolic intussusception.

Materials and Methods:
Between January 2014 and July 2017, a total of 2561 consecutive children with intussusception were treated and followed. There were 110 patients with multiple recurrences, 61 were treated with ileocolic pexy and 49 were not and the results were compared. Using a 5-mm laparoscope and 2 additional transabdominal wall stab incisions, an appendectomy and an ileocolic pexy with nonabsorbable sutures were performed simultaneously for the children after the last successful enema reduction.

Results:
The mean operative time was 59.4±13.1 minutes (range, 45 to 85 min). No cases required conversion to an open surgery, blood loss was minimal. There was no operative morbidity. Two patients were found with a Meckel’s diverticulum, and were removed by slightly enlarged transumbilical incision. The 61 cases were followed up for 4 to 42 months (mean, 19.3±1.1 mo). In the ileocolic pexy group, 2 of 61 (3.2%) got 2 episodes of recurrences. Among the 25 patients with 3 recurrences without undergoing ileocolic pexy, 18 (72%) had 22 episodes of recurrence. Of the 16 patients with 4 recurrences and without ileocolic pexy, 14 (87.5%) had 17 episodes of recurrence. There was statistical difference in recurrent rate among the 3 groups (ileocolonic pexy group vs. 3 recurrences group, P<0.01; ileocolic pexy group vs. 4 recurrences group, P<0.01).

Conclusions:
Early preventive laparoscopic ileocolic pexy should be undertaken for the patients with multiple recurrences after the last nonsurgical reduction had been attempted successfully.
Exercise and movement in musculoskeletal pain: a double-edged problem
Authors: Casale Roberto , Chimento Pierluigi L. , Bartolo Michelangelo , Taveggia Giovanni 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
Exercise and movement are increasingly used in pain management and in palliative care, outside the traditional context of physical medicine and rehabilitation. This critical review aims to provide specialists in pain and palliative medicine with recent insights into the use of exercise and movement in the approach to musculoskeletal disorders when pain and disability are the major complaints.

Recent findings
If there is a common sense linking pain and movement in both directions, that is pain influencing movement – as a withdrawal movement or a reduction of mobility as a defense reaction – or movement evoking pain, not so clear and recognized is the link between exercise and movement in controlling pain.

Summary
Conflicting results emerge between absolutely convincing basic science research confirming important effects induced by movement and exercise on pain and substantial poor low evidence level from clinical research as stated by almost all systematic reviews. The need of rigorous clinical trials is mandatory to ascertain a real clinical benefit for the use of movement and exercise for pain control.
Does Islet Size Really Influence Graft Function After Clinical Islet Transplantation?
Authors: Hughes Stephen J. , Bateman Paul A. , Cross Sarah E. , Brandhorst Daniel , Brandhorst Heide , Spiliotis Ioannis , Ballav Chitrabhanu , Rosenthal Miranda , Rutter Martin K. , Shaw James , Gough Stephen , Johnson Paul R.V. 
Published: August 2018

Background
It has been proposed that islet transplants comprised primarily of small rather than large islets may provide better graft function, due to their lower susceptibility to hypoxic damage. Our aim was to determine whether islet size correlated with in vivo graft function in islet transplant recipients with C peptide–negative type 1 diabetes when islets have undergone pretransplant islet culture.

Methods
Human pancreatic islets were isolated, cultured for 24 hours and infused by standardized protocols. Ninety-minute stimulated C-peptide concentrations were determined during a standard meal tolerance test 3 months posttransplant. The islet isolation index (IEq/islet number) was determined immediately after isolation and again before transplantation (after tissue culture). This was correlated with patient insulin requirement or stimulated C-peptide.

Results
Changes in insulin requirement did not significantly correlate with islet isolation index. Stimulated C-peptide correlated weakly with IEq at isolation (P = 0.40) and significantly with IEq at transplantation (P = 0.018). Stimulated C-peptide correlated with islet number at isolation (P = 0.013) and more strongly with the islet number at transplantation (P = 0.001). In contrast, the correlation of stimulated C-peptide and islet isolation index was weaker (P = 0.018), and this was poorer at transplantation (P = 0.034). Using linear regression, the strongest association with graft function was islet number (r = 0.722, P = 0.001). Islet size was not related to graft function after adjusting for islet volume or number.

Conclusions
These data show no clear correlation between islet isolation index and graft function; both small and large islets are suitable for transplantation, provided the islets have survived a short culture period postisolation.
A malaria transmission model with seasonal mosquito life-history traits
Authors: Djidjou-Demasse Ramsès , Abiodun Gbenga J. , Adeola Abiodun M. , Botai Joel O. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper we develop and analyse a malaria model with seasonality of mosquito life-history traits: periodic-mosquitoes per capita birth rate, -mosquitoes death rate, -probability of mosquito to human disease transmission, -probability of human to mosquito disease transmission and -mosquitoes biting rate. All these parameters are assumed to be time dependent leading to a nonautonomous differential equation systems. We provide a global analysis of the model depending on two thresholds parametersand(with). When, then the disease-free stationary state is locally asymptotically stable. In the presence of the human disease-induced mortality, the global stability of the disease-free stationary state is guarantied when. On the contrary, if, the disease persists in the host population in the long term and the model admits at least one positive periodic solution. Moreover, by a numerical simulation, we show that a subcritical (backward) bifurcation is possible at. Finally, the simulation results are in accordance with the seasonal variation of the reported cases of a malaria-epidemic region in Mpumalanga province in South Africa.