bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biologic Properties of Polynucleotides. II. The Anticoagulant Properties of Polynucleotides
Authors: YACHNIN STANLEY 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Polyinosinic and polyguanylic acids have been found to possess anticoagulant properties. Other synthetic homoribopolynucleotides, as well as naturally occurring RNAs and DNAs are devoid of such properties. Polyinosinic acid will prolong the silicone recalcification time, Quick one-stage prothrombin time, and Russel Viper Venom clotting time of human plasma, but will not affect the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin. Polyinosinic acid causes a delay in the rate of thrombin generation, and also inhibits thromboplastin generation. In the latter system polyguanylic acid is only ¼ as effective as polyinosinic acid. The anticoagulant properties of polyinosinic acid can be reduced or abolished by (1) high [Ca++] (2) hybrid helix formation with polyadenylic or polycytidylic acid, and (3) protamine sulphate. Mixed copolymers of inosinic and uridylic acids, or guanylic and uridylic acids having high (> 60 per cent) guanylic or inosinic acid contents possess graded anticoagulant properties. The anticoagulant properties of polynucleotides depend upon base composition and secondary structure.
Studies on the Pseudouridinuria of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: LEWIS MARVIN , WEISSMAN SHERMAN M. , KARON MYRON 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper reports a group of investigations attempting to explain the elevated pseudouridine excretion in the presence of normal uric acid excretion which occurs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Studies with isotopically labeled uric acid and adenine indicated that diversion of body purines from uric acid does not occur. Similarly the chemical analysis of the white cells in CLL did not reveal any excess content of pyrimidines, nor did the turnover of the ribonucleotides show any selective retention of purines as compared with pyrimidines. Studies with isotopically labeled orotic acid, however, indicated on overproduction of other pyrimidines as well as pseudouridine. Though no explanation has yet been found for the selective pyrimidine overproduction seen in CLL, a major portion of these pyrimidines appear to be derived from rapidly renewing sources.
Lipase Activity in Leukocytes and Macrophages
Authors: BRAUNSTEINER H. , DIENSTL F. , SAILER S. , SANDHOFER F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method is described for the quantitative determination of alkaline lipase activity of blood cells. The pH optimum of the enzyme in macrophages and lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymph-leukemia is 9.2, the optimum substrate (triglyceride) concentration is 7 x 10-2 M, and the Michaelis constant approximately 4.3 x 10-2 M. Macrophages from guinea pigs exhibit a lipase activity approximately 10 times that of granulocytes and lymphocytes. In granulocytosis an acid lipase could also be demonstrated. The physiologic importance of this finding is discussed.
The Amino Acid Composition of Hemoglobin. III. A Qualitative Method for Identifying Abnormalities of the Polypeptide Chains of Hemoglobin
Authors: CHERNOFF AMOZ I. , PETTIT NELSON M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A relatively simple method is described which permits the identification of abnormalities of either polypeptide chain of hemoglobin. The procedure is based on the dissociation of hemoglobin by 6 molar urea and starch-gel electrophoresis in a barbital buffer at pH 8.0.
Brief Report: Preservation of the Lactic Dehydrogenase Activity of Platelets by Freezing in Dimethylsulfoxide and Plasma
Authors: GEISLER PHILIP H. , IOSSIFIDES IOULIOS A. , EICHMAN MARY F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is concluded that a medium composed of 15 per cent Dimethylsulfoxide and 85 per cent of a mixture of equal parts native plasma and saline effectively preserves platelet lactic acid dehydrogenase activity against slow freezing, storage for 24 hours in temperatures of liquid N2 and fast thawing. Platelet lysis results in a complete loss of LDH activity.
Expectancy for Life in Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia
Authors: GREEN ROBERT A. , DIXON HUBERT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Survival data were calculated for 125 patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia seen at the University of Minnesota Hospitals during the years 1945 to 1957 and followed for another 4 years. An actuarial method and modified maximum likelihood method were used for the statistical analyses.
The survival times in this study are significantly longer than those reported previously in large reference series of chronic leukemia. They more nearly approximate the results reported by Osgood for patients treated by his method of total body irradiation. It is suggested that in a disease with a wide clinical spectrum such as chronic lymphatic leukemia, differences in survival may be mainly related to differences in the composition of the groups being studied.
Continuous Free-Flow Fractionation of Cellular Constituents in Rat Bone Marrow
Authors: MEL HOWARD C. , MITCHELL LINDA T. , THORELL BO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A single-cell suspension of normal rat bone marrow is prepared mechanically. This suspension is continuously fractionated in free solution, under sedimentation rate conditions, using 1 g. only. With a sample flow of 2.2 x 106 cells/minute and a 32-minute steady-state residence time in the stable-flow free boundary (STAFLO) flow-cell, the cells exit almost entirely into 7 of the 12 collection bottles. Maximum numbers of different cell types are observed, with good repeatability, in approximately descending order from top to bottom as follows: erythrocytes, "erythroblasts," "immatures," "myelocytes," and mature granulocytes. Major changes are effected relative to the starting marrow composition, and large relative enrichments are achieved for certain cell types. In addition to the rapid, mild, preparative aspect of this study, nominal sedimentation rates can be assigned for the different collection fractions, in the range of 3 x 105 to 4 x 106 svedbergs, thus making a start on this kind of simple physical classification of the cellular elements in this complex tissue.
Erythropoiesis in Rats with Acute Uremia and the Effect of Erythropoietin
Authors: KURTIDES EFSTRATIOS S. , RAMBACH WALTER A. , ALT HOWARD L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The proliferative activity of erythropoietic and other tissues has been studied in normal, nephrectomized and bilateral ureter ligated rats.
Forty-eight hours after bilateral nephrectomy, rats showed a significant suppression of DNA synthesis and Fe59 incorporation in the bone marrow and spleen. The administration of erythropoietin prevented this suppression of Fe59 uptake, and produced an increase in splenic DNA synthesis comparable to that noted in the normal, similarly stimulated animal. Bilateral ureter ligation in animals, producing a blood urea nitrogen elevation equal to that induced by nephrectomy, caused no suppression of DNA synthesis in bone marrow or spleen. These latter animals exceeded the normal in their response to erythropoietin administration.
Intestinal DNA synthesis was unaffected in uremia produced by nephrectomy or ureter ligation. Thymic proliferative activity was suppressed in uremia induced by either procedure.
The observations indicate that acute, severe uremia of relatively short duration does not influence the DNA synthetic activity of all tissues in an adverse fashion. What factors may modify tissue responses are unknown. In the case of erythropoietic organs, such factors seem to originate in the kidney.
Surgery in Patients with Congenital Factor VII Deficiency (Congenital Hypoproconvertinemia)
Authors: STRAUSS HERBERT S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Experience with surgery in a patient with congenital deficiency of Factor VII (SPCA, proconvertin) is presented and the pertinent literature reviewed. Factor VII deficiency is not associated with a bleeding tendency, unless levels are lower than 5 per cent of normal, as measured by a true assay. Factor VII levels between 5 and 10 per cent of normal, easily achieved by infusions of bank plasma, appear adequate for hemostasis during surgery. No replacement therapy seems necessary beyond the first postoperative day.
Possible Species Differences in RNA Metabolism of Lymph Node Cells
Authors: MILLER JOHN J. , MITCHELL JUDITH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Differences in the rates of incorporation of tritiated uridine U-H3 of lymph node cells of different species have been found. Plasma cells from humans, guinea pigs, mice, and rabbits have a higher rate of incorporation of U-H3 than do plasma cells from rats, whereas human blast cells have a lower rate of U-H3 incorporation than blast cells from the various rodents.
Editorial: Lymphocytopenia in Hodgkin’s Disease
Authors: AISENBERG ALAN C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The lymphocytopenia of Hodgkin’s disease has been reviewed in the light of recent knowledge of lymphocyte function. It is suggested that the anergy of early Hodgkin’s disease is a peripheral defect—a manifestation of abnormal lymphocyte function. Later in the course of the condition profound lymphocytopenia develops and most probably contributes to the more severe immunologic deficiencies of advanced Hodgkin’s disease.
Studies on the A, B, O(H) Blood Groups on Human Cells in Culture
Authors: CHESSIN LAWRENCE N. , BRAMSON SHARON , KUHNS WILLIAM J. , HIRSCHHORN KURT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
HeLa cells were used in the mixed agglutination reaction to determine optimal conditions for demonstrating blood group H activity by this method. The following parameters were studied in the mixed agglutination reaction: (1) derivation of cell line, (2) cell viability, (3) effects of antibody titer, (4) source and type of antibody.
Studies with primary human amnion cells indicated that over a 30-day period of cultivation in vitro there were losses in specific ABO blood group activity.
Addition of blood group precursors to establish human amnion cell lines FL-J and F-D indicated that blood group B antigen could be synthesized and maintained in vitro.
Some Properties of "RLP"—A Factor from Sheep Spleen Capable of Inhibiting Radiation Leukemogenesis in Mice
Authors: BERENBLUM I. , CIVIDALLI G. , TRAININ N. , HODES M. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A cell-free factor, "RLP," derived from sheep spleen, which is capable of inhibiting radiation leukemogenesis in mice, has been shown to be heat-labile, nondialyzable, not present in significant amounts in the RNA fraction of the crude material, not inactivated by DNAase, and recoverable in active form after precipitation with 30 per cent ammonium sulfate. From the evidence so far available, it thus appears that "RLP" is a protein of high molecular weight.
Only borderline inhibition was obtained with extract of sheep kidney, and no inhibition with lactalbumin hydrolysate, thus supporting the view that the inhibitory effect of sheep spleen extracts is probably the result of a specific action and not brought about by a nonspecific, "stress-mediated" mechanism.
Leukocyte Labeling in Rats during and after Continuous Infusion of Tritiated Thymidine: Implications for Lymphocyte Longevity and DNA Reutilization
Authors: ROBINSON STEPHEN H. , BRECHER GEORGE , LOURIE IRA S. , HALEY JAMES E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Leukocyte labeling was studied in rats during and after continuous intravenous infusion of H3-thymidine. The radioisotope was administered for varying periods up to 271 days. The results permit the following conclusions:
1. The median survival of small lymphocytes is about 1 month. Five to 8 per cent of small lymphocytes have a life span of more than 9 months.
2. Following the administration of H3-thymidine, reutilization of the tracer markedly delays the fall-off of labeled cells in the peripheral blood. Reutilization probably involves H3-thymidine released from labeled DNA during cell death, since suppression occurs with massive infusion of non-labeled thymidine.
3. Unlike granulocytes and large lymphocytes, small lymphocytes label nonuniformly, and appear to be comprised of at least two populations with different intensities of labeling and different turnover rates. The more heavily labeled cells have the faster turnover.
4. The complexity of the labeling process indicated by the present observations must be considered in the interpretation of H3-thymidine data. However, the survival of unlabeled cells during continuous H3-thymidine infusion remains a valid means of measuring the life spans of circulating blood cells.
Hepatic Xanthine Oxidase and Ferritin Iron in the Developing Rat
Authors: MAZUR A. , CARLETON A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The absence of hepatic xanthine oxidase in the fetus and newborn rat is associated with a very high liver ferritin iron content. Soon after birth hepatic xanthine oxidase activity increases significantly coincident with a marked decrease in liver ferritin iron content. At weaning, hepatic ferritin iron is very low but slowly rises subsequent to intake of a normal diet containing iron.
Observations on Leukemia in Wistar and Wistar Furth Rats
Authors: MOLONEY WILLIAM C. , BOSCHETTI ANTONIO E. , DOWD GERALDINE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Six-hundred and seventy-three Wistar and W/Fu rats were treated at the age of 4 months with whole body x-ray, orally administered 3MCA or a combination of these agents. All animals were followed until death and 87 per cent were autopsied.
2. Among 303 autopsied animals there were 403 benign and malignant tumors, including 28 leukemias.
3. Differences were noted in the incidence and types of leukemia occurring in both breeds of rats. In Wistars 9 of 11 leukemias were myelogenous and 8 of these followed x-ray exposure.
4. Approximately a 10 per cent incidence of spontaneously occurring mononuclear cell leukemia was found in W/Fu rats; exposure to x-ray apparently decreased the occurrence of leukemia in these rodents. Following oral administration of 3MCA, 13 per cent of W/Fu rats developed acute mononuclear cell leukemia.
5. Results of hematologic, cytologic and histochemical studies on rat leukemia are discussed in this article, and the possible significance of the appearance and disappearance of the distinctive mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood is pointed out.
6. Pathologic findings indicate that the majority of deaths, other than those due to leukemia, were due to pulmonary infections and a great variety of tumors. In leukemic animals enlargement of the spleen was almost universally present and adenopathy, especially involving mediastinal and retroperitoneal glands, was frequently noted. Among 9 myelogenous leukemias in Wistar rats green chloromatous tissues were found in 5 animals.
7. Cytogenetic studies were carried out on direct preparations from the bone marrow in most of the leukemic rats in this series. Aneuploidy was noted in several animals and one W/Fu rat demonstrated a morphologically abnormal "marker" chromosome. In more recent studies improved technics and use of the spleen as a source of metaphase preparations have afforded better opportunities to obtain adequate chromosome preparations in leukemic rats. Further investigations are in progress and special studies are being directed to the viral and cytogenetic aspects of leukemia in the rat.
The Activation of Factor VIII by Thrombin
Authors: ÖZGE-ANWAR A. H. , CONNELL G. E. , MUSTARD J. F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The activation of human factor VIII by thrombin has been demonstrated by a new experimental approach. This method permitted investigation of the interaction of thrombin and factor VIII in the absence of most other clotting factors. The activation effect of thrombin is susceptible to inhibition by diisopropylfluorophosphate. Trypsin cannot replace thrombin in the activation reaction, and it destroys factor VIII activity rapidly.
Relation of Reticulocytosis to Positive Coombs Tests in NZB and Other Mice
Authors: GILTINAN PAMELA J. , NORINS LESLIE C. , HOLMES MARGARET C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The presence of a reticulocytosis was found to be irrelevant to the development of a positive Coombs test when an appropriate anti-globulin reagent is used. When a serum made against mouse-whole serum is used, any circumstance leading to the firm attachment of serum proteins to erythrocytes will lead to agglutination. Blood containing moderate to high reticulocyte levels (20-86.5 per cent) gave a proportion of "false-positive" Coombs tests, especially blood from strains HI and C57/B1, but no anti-globulin Coombs reactions were obtained. Immunoelectrophoretic tests showed that 3 lines in the β globulin area, one of which was probably transferrin, were removed by absorption with reticulocytes.
Inhibition of the Local Inflammatory Response in Man by Antimetabolites
Authors: HERSH EVAN M. , WONG VERNON G. , FREIREICH EMIL J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects of chemotherapy on the local inflammatory response in man were studied in 33 patients.
Inhibition of the mononuclear cell phase of the response at 4, 8 and 24 hours was noted. The median on-therapy values at these hours were 0, 8.5 and 23 per cent compared to control values of 4, 24.5 and 86 per cent, respectively.
The 24-hour values for the individual types of therapy were 13.5 per cent for intensive combination therapy with 4 antitumor agents, 21 per cent for 6-mercaptopurine given i.v. daily for 5 days, 2 per cent for methotrexate given i.v. daily for 5 days, 37 per cent for intermittent methotrexate and 56 per cent for other therapy. Recovery was substantial within 5 days of the end of therapy.
The inhibition was not correlated with alterations in the levels of circulating granulocytes or lymphocytes, nor with the numbers of granulocytes entering the inflammatory site.
Complicating infections were noted in eight patients, seven of whom were in the most strongly inhibited group. Observations of the response in ten untreated patients with acute leukemia showed both impaired granulocyte and mononuclear phases of the response.
Brief Report: Cytoplasmic Microtubules in Blood Platelets
Authors: SANDBORN EDMUND B. , LEBUIS JEAN-JACQUES , BOIS PIERRE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Regularly arranged cytoplasmic microtubules are present in blood platelet fixed in liver sinusoids during aldehyde perfusion of the animal. This finding in addition to other recent reports on the cytoplasmic microtubule suggests that these organelles might be found in all cytoplasm if the ultrastructure is preserved adequately.
Note: Subsequent to the submission of this article a description of filaments and microtubules in spread platelets by Bessis and Breton-Gorius18 appeared. The greater number of filaments in their illustrations suggests a breakdown of some of the microtubules to the smaller filaments.11 These authors speculate on the possibility of a contractile function for microtubules.
Quantitative Characterization of Chick Thymus and Bursa Development
Authors: SHERMAN JACK , AUERBACH ROBERT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Critical size analysis of the lymphoid cell populations of the developing chick bursa of Fabricius and thymus indicates that characteristic shifts in cell size distribution, modal cell volume and mean cell volume occur during morphogenesis of these organs.
2. Comparison of bursa and thymus shows that while there are clear differences between the lymphoid cells of these two structures, the pattern of morphogenetic change is similar.
3. 19-nortestosterone injected in low doses can partially inhibit bursal development without affecting thymus morphogenesis. Depending on the age of the embryo at time of injection, however, doses sufficient to produce complete bursal inhibition may also retard thymic morphogenesis.
4. The size differences found between bursal and thymic lymphocytes in the chicken parallel the size differences found between lymph node and thymic lymphocytes in the mouse.
Studies of Incomplete Antibodies
Authors: AHO KIMMO , CHRISTIAN CHARLES L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A variety of typical agglutinating δG antibodies agglutinated papain-treated cells in a uniform manner in about 16-fold higher dilutions than nontreated cells. With δM antibodies the corresponding titer increase was on the average 4-fold. The papain-treatment of cells also increased the titers of cold agglutinins, phytohemagglutinins and preparations of PVP. Antiglobulin consumption experiments revealed that no more antibody was fixed from the same volume of antiserum onto papain-treated than onto nontreated cells. Possible mechanisms underlying enhanced agglutination of enzyme-treated cells were discussed. It is suggested that the same type of antibody may react with papaintreated and nontreated cells but that a smaller number of antibody molecules are needed for agglutination of papain-treated cells because of altered surface properties of treated erythrocytes.
Hemoglobin FHouston: A Fetal Variant
Authors: SCHNEIDER ROSE G. , JONES RICHARD T. , SUZUKI KIYOSHI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A fetal hemoglobin variant, designated hemoglobin FHouston, was found in the cord blood sample of a healthy, term Negro infant. The variant, comprising about 15 per cent of the total cord blood hemoglobin, diminished concomitantly with hemoglobin F, and it was barely detectable in the blood when the infant was 4 months old. The hemolysates of the parents and two siblings resolved into the usual adult pattern, but a trace amount of a fraction similar to hemoglobin FHouston was present in the father’s hemolysates and not in the mother’s.
The ultraviolet absorption spectrum indicates that hemoglobin FHOUSTON contains γ polypeptide chains, and immunologic studies reveal the presence of both α and γ chains. In hybridization tests the alteration appears in the γ chain.
Peptide chromatograms of hemoglobin FHouston indicated the presence of α and γ chains, but failed to reveal an abnormality. Amino acid analyses suggest that there may be a substitution of an alanyl for a glutamyl residue.
Brief Report: Method A Quantitative Rebuck Technic
Authors: SOUTHAM CHESTER M. , LEVIN ARTHUR G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A Simple technic is described by which the cells exuded from a skin abrasion can be collected as a cell suspension suitable for quantitation and for further study of the living cells. The technic is identical in principle to the quantitative modification of Rebuck’s "skin window" technic which was devised by Perillie and Finch, but the smaller flatter chamber is more easily affixed to the arm and rarely leaks and can be left in place overnight without interfering with sleep. Hence, it is more acceptable to the subjects under study and technically more satisfactory. It provides a method of obtaining normal cells and of studying the cellular reaction to various antigenic or nonantigenic stimuli.
Adverse Effect of Raised Environmental Temperature on the Expression of Hereditary Spherocytosis in Deer Mice
Authors: ANDERSON RUTH , MOTULSKY ARNO G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Deer mice with a compensated hemolytic syndrome caused by hereditary spherocytosis were placed in a controlled temperature room at 35 C. Severe anemia, red cell fragmentation, increased osmotic fragility, occasional jaundice and hemoglobinuria were observed. The spleen enlarged and the erythropoietic bone marrow expanded. Reticulocytes fell markedly early during heat exposure, but in survivors soon increased to levels higher than those observed prior to experiment. Mortality from the severe acceleration of the preexisting hemolysis was high. Control nonspherocytic deer mice subjected to an identical temperature showed only a mild drop of hemoglobin and slight elevation of reticulocytes.
Since hereditary spherocytosis in deer mice in a temperate climate is compatible with good health, these findings provide a further illustration of interaction of a particular environmental insult with a specific genotype in the pathogenesis of hereditary disease.