bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and clinical impact of snoring in older community‐dwelling adults
Authors: Wada Hiroo , Furuya Shogo , Maruyama Koutatsu , Ikeda Ai , Kondo Katsunori , Tanigawa Takeshi ,   on behalf of Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study Group
Published: October 2019

AimThe prevalence and clinical impact of snoring in the independent older adult population is unknown. To address this, we carried out this cross‐sectional epidemiological study of community‐dwelling independent older adults.MethodsThe study data were collected by the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study 2013, a postal survey distributed to a large cohort of independent community‐dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years) in 2013, across 30 municipalities of 14 prefectures. We used data for 24 837 participants (13 135 women, mean age 73.5 years, and 11 702 men, mean age 73.3 years). The association of snoring with airway symptoms and history of hypertension, diabetes and heart disease were investigated using Poisson regression models.ResultsThe prevalence ratio (95% confidence intervals) for wheezing according to snoring frequency in men was 1.87 (1.45–2.43) among those who snored on 1–6 nights a week, and 2.95 (2.15–4.05) among those who snored every night. Similar relationships were observed for women. Expectoration, another airway symptom, was also associated with snoring frequency. Furthermore, snoring frequency was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and heart disease. Both diabetes and heart disease were associated with snoring frequency in women independent of body mass index, but the association was only observed in men with a normal or lower body mass index.ConclusionsSnoring is a highly prevalent and pathogenic symptom in adults aged ≥65 years. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1165–1171.
Relationship between African Biogeographical Ancestry and Helicobacter pylori infection in children of a large Latin American urban center
Authors: de Sena‐Reis Jucineide Silva , Bezerra Débora Diniz , Figueiredo Camila A. , Barreto Maurício Lima , Alcântara‐Neves Neuza Maria , da Silva Thiago Magalhães 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe relationship between race/ethnicity and H pylori infection has been extensively reported, with a higher prevalence of infection observed in black individuals. Whether such differences are due to genetic factors underlying African ancestry remains to be clarified. In the present study, we evaluated the association between the proportion of individual African ancestry and H pylori infection in a sample of 1046 children living in a large Latin American urban center.Materials and MethodsEstimation of individual biogeographical ancestry was based on 370,539 SNPs and performed using the ADMIXTURE software. Multivariate logistic regression models and mediation analysis considering the influence of previously recognized socioenvironmental risk factors to H pylori infection were performed. All analyses were conducted using the statistical package STATA v.14.0.ResultsEach 10% increase in the proportion of individual African ancestry was positively and independently associated with H pylori infection in our population (adjusted OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.10‐1.36, P < .001). Mediation analysis demonstrated that only 9.23% of the effect of the individual African ancestry on H pylori infection was explained by factors such as household income, the absence of street paving and crowding.ConclusionsThe results suggest that genetic variants that covariate with African ancestry may explain an important part of the racial differences observed for the prevalence of H pylori infection.
Effectiveness of five instruments when removing calcium hydroxide paste from simulated internal root resorption cavities in extracted maxillary central incisors
Authors: Marques‐da‐Silva B. , Alberton C. S. , Tomazinho F. S. F. , Gabardo M. C. L. , Duarte M. A. H. , Vivan R. R. , Baratto‐Filho F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of five instruments used for irrigant agitation during the removal of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] paste in simulated internal root resorption (IRR) cavities created in extracted maxillary central incisors.MethodologySeventy maxillary central incisors with a single canal were selected. The canals were accessed and instrumented with Reciproc R50, then the roots were split in the bucco‐lingual direction and the halves separated. Simulated IRR cavities were created, in both halves of the roots, 5 mm from the apex with a spherical bur. The specimens were reconstructed with cyanoacrylate glue and allocated into seven groups: negative control – no treatment; positive control – filled with Ca(OH)2 without performing any irrigation protocol; the other groups were divided according to the instrument used for irrigant agitation, namely: Ultrasonic, EndoActivator®, EDDY®, XP‐endo® Finisher and XP‐endo® Shaper. The specimens were cleaved and analysed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, to compare the Ca(OH)2 remnants between them. Then, the IRR cavities created by the burs were cleaned and subjected to a protocol of demineralization with 20% nitric acid, the roots reconstructed, and the irrigant agitation methods, as well as the microscopic analysis was repeated. Analysis of the images of Ca(OH)2 remaining in the simulated IRR cavities after irrigation was performed by two calibrated examiners based on a previously established scoring system. The data were statistically compared by Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U‐test and Wilcoxon tests, with the significance level set at 5%.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the effectiveness of the instruments in relation to the cavity creation method (bur vs. bur/acid) and evaluation method (optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) (P < 0.05). The XP‐endo® Finisher and EDDY® groups were associated with significantly more effective removal of Ca(OH)2 when the IRR cavities were created using the acid protocol and analysed by scanning electron microscopy.ConclusionNone of the instruments tested were able to completely remove the Ca(OH)2 paste from the simulated IRR cavities; however, the EDDY® and XP‐endo® Finisher removed more Ca(OH)2 in the bur/acid cavity creation method analysed by scanning electron microscopy.
Evaluation of the potential of commercial non‐Saccharomyces yeast strains of Torulaspora delbrueckii and Lachancea thermotolerans in beer fermentation
Authors: Toh Darel Wee Kiat , Chua Jian Yong , Lu Yuyun , Liu Shao Quan 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis work evaluated the potential of three commercial non‐Saccharomyces yeast strains Torulaspora delbrueckii (Biodiva and Prelude) and Lachancea thermotolerans (Concerto) for beer fermentation. The fermentation performance, volatile and non‐volatile profiles were compared. Growth behaviours of all three yeast strains exhibited similar trends during the initial fermentation phase although a marked population decline was detected in strains Prelude and Concerto, which also showed a rapid utilisation of maltose, while strain Biodiva was unable to consume maltose and consumed lesser amounts of amino acids. Additionally, terpenoids inherently absent in the wort such as β‐caryophyllene and geranyl acetone were produced in all beers, significantly higher in beers fermented with strain Prelude. For volatile profiles, Prelude and Concerto produced more ethanol and significantly higher amounts of acetate esters and long‐chained ethyl esters. Strain Biodiva, on the other hand, produced higher amounts of isoamyl alcohol and ethyl butanoate.
Evaluation of pre‐slaughter low‐current/high‐frequency electrical stunning on lipid oxidative stability, antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (MAPK/Nrf2) signalling pathway in thigh muscle of broilers
Authors: Xu Lei , Wang Jing , Yue Hong‐yuan , Farnell Morgan B. , Yang Hai‐ming , Wang Zhi‐yue , Qi Guang‐hai 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis study was aimed to evaluate the effects of pre‐slaughter low‐current/high‐frequency (LH) electrical stunning (ES) on lipid oxidative stability, antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (MAPK/Nrf2) signalling pathway in thigh muscle of broilers. Eighteen birds were randomly allocated to the following three treatments with six replicates per treatment and one bird per replicate: without stunning (control); water‐bath ES with sinusoidal alternating LH (86 mA, 1000 Hz, LHES) or high current/low frequency (HL) (130 mA, 60 Hz, HLES). Stunning methods did not affect malondialdehyde level (d 0 ~ d 9) or antioxidant enzymes’ activity at d 0 ~ d 2. LHES enhanced glutathione S‐transferase activity at d 3 and gene expression of MAPKs and Nrf2 compared with HLES. In conclusion, LHES enhanced gene expression of MAPK/Nrf2 pathway, whereas had no superiority over HLES in lipid oxidative stability (4 °C, 9 days) of thigh muscle in broilers.
Treatment with hydrogen peroxide improves the physicochemical properties of dietary fibres from Chinese yam peel
Authors: Wang Hai‐ou , Liu Si‐hong , Zhou Xue‐jie , Yang Xiao‐yue , Gao Qi , Tanokura Masaru , Xue You‐lin 
Published: October 2019

SummaryYam is a common ‘medicine food homology’ vegetable in Asia, and its peel is often considered a food residue during processing or cooking. In this work, the effects of hydrogen peroxide modification on the dietary fibres (DFs) from Chinese yam peel (CYP) were investigated. The structural characteristics of soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF), modified soluble dietary fibre (MSDF) and modified insoluble dietary fibre (MIDF) were analysed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, granularity analysis, scanning electron microscopy and GC‐MS (monosaccharide composition). As results, after modification with hydrogen peroxide, the sizes of the DFs were reduced and MIDF exposed more cellulose. Experiments on the physicochemical and functional properties of DFs showed that MSDF and MIDF obtained a better water holding capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity and absorption abilities with altered structures, which is of great importance in food processing and development.
Effect of basil leaves and wheat bran water extracts on enzymatic browning of shredded storage iceberg lettuce
Authors: Sikora Małgorzata , Złotek Urszula , Świeca Michał 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe impact of functional solutions (water infusions of radish sprouts, wheat bran (WBE), basil leaves (BLE) and lentil protein hydrolysate) on enzymatic browning of shredded iceberg lettuce was studied. BLE and WBE, limiting enzymatic browning in the highest degree, were tested during cold storage. The best inhibitors of PPO activity in lettuce stored for 8 days were 10% WBE (a decrease by 97%). POD activity was substantially decreased by ascorbic acid (by 75%) and 1% BLE (by 83%). POD and PPO inhibition was reflected in a decrease in enzymatic browning, that is 91% and 88% reduction was found in 8‐day stored lettuce treated with 1% BLE and 1% WBE, respectively. In the case of POD, mixed inhibition was recorded for BLE and WBE, while these solutions acted as competitive inhibitors of PPO activity. The enzymatic browning of shredded iceberg lettuce during cold storage may be effectively suppressed by natural extracts.
RNA interference‐mediated knockdown of the transcription factor Krüppel homologue 1 suppresses vitellogenesis in Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Tang Y. , He H. , Qu X. , Cai Y. , Ding W. , Qiu L. , Li Y. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVitellogenesis in holometabolous insects involves the production and secretion of vitellogenin (Vg) and other yolk protein precursors in developing oocyte by the fat body, all of which is predominantly orchestrated by juvenile hormone (JH). Krüppel homologue 1 (Kr‐h1) is a zinc finger transcription factor that has been demonstrated to be a JH‐early inducible gene and to contribute to reproduction. However, the exact molecular function of Kr‐h1 in insect reproduction is poorly understood. In the current study, we used the notorious pest Chilo suppressalis as a model system to investigate the role of Kr‐h1 in female reproduction. Cloning and sequencing C. suppressalis Kr‐h1 revealed that it shares high identity with its homologues from other lepidopteran insects. Moreover, RNA interference‐mediated knockdown of CsKr‐h1 substantially reduced the transcription of Vg in the fat body, dramatically decreased yolk protein deposition and also impaired oocyte maturation and ovarian development, indicating that Kr‐h1 is indispensable for normal vitellogenesis in C. suppressalis. Based on these results, we conclude that Kr‐h1 is crucial to reproduction in insects and that targeting this gene could potentially be a new way to suppress rice pests.
Use of indwelling pleural/peritoneal catheter in the management of malignant ascites: a retrospective study of 48 patients
Authors: Chan Ka P. , Badiei Arash , Tan Carmen P. S. , Fitzgerald Deirdre B. , Stanley Christopher , Fysh Edward T. H. , Shrestha Ranjan , Muruganandan Sanjeevan , Read Catherine A. , Thomas Rajesh , Lee Yun Chor Gary 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients suffering from malignant ascites usually require repeated large volume paracentesis (LVP) for symptomatic relief. This often requires hospital admission and has inherent risks.AimsTo report the first Australian experience of placing tunnelled indwelling peritoneal catheters (IPeC) for management of recurrent malignant ascites.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of tunnelled IPeC use in patients with symptomatic malignant ascites in four hospitals in Western Australia (from 2010 to 2018). Procedure data, success rate and safety profile were collected from a database.ResultsForty‐eight patients (median age 65 years; female 56%) underwent 51 peritoneal catheter insertion procedures that were performed mostly by pleural specialists. The majority of patients (96%) had prior LVP (median two drainages, interquartile range (IQR) 1–4) before IPeC insertion. The IPeC was inserted successfully under ultrasound guidance in all patients. The median length of hospital stay for IPeC insertion and initial ascites drainage was 2 days (IQR 2–3 days) and most patients (96%) did not require further paracentesis after IPeC placement. The majority (96%) of patients experienced relief from ascites symptoms after catheter insertion. Most IPeC‐related adverse events were self‐limiting, including pain (in 25% cases), transient hypotension after initial fluid drainage (10%), peritoneal fluid leakage (10%), bacterial peritonitis (8%), fluid loculation (2%) and catheter dislodgement (2%). Six (12%) patients had IPeC removed. All patients with bacterial peritonitis responded to antibiotics and one required catheter removal.ConclusionsUse of tunnelled IPeC improves symptoms and can minimise further invasive drainage procedures in patients with symptomatic malignant ascites. Placement of IPeC was associated with a low rate of adverse events, most of which could be managed conservatively.
Crisis resolution and home treatment in the UK: A survey of model fidelity using a novel review methodology
Authors: Lamb Danielle , Lloyd‐Evans Brynmor , Fullarton Kate , Kelly Kathleen , Goater Nicky , Mason Oliver , Gray Richard , Osborn David , Nolan Fiona , Pilling Steve , Sullivan Sarah A. , Henderson Claire , Milton Alyssa , Burgess Emma , Churchard Alasdair , Davidson Mike , Frerichs Johanna , Hindle David , Paterson Beth , Brown Ellie , Piotrowski Jonathan , Wheeler Claire , Johnson Sonia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCrisis resolution teams (CRTs) provide treatment at home to people experiencing mental health crises, as an alternative to hospital admission. Previous UK research, based on self‐report surveys, suggests that a loosely specified model has resulted in wide variations in CRTs’ service delivery, organization and outcomes. A fidelity scale (developed through evidence review and stakeholder consensus) provided a means of objectively measuring adherence to a model of good practice for CRTs, via one‐day fidelity reviews of UK crisis teams. Reviews included interviews with service users, carers, staff and managers, and examination of data, policies, protocols and anonymized case notes. Of the 75 teams reviewed, 49 (65%) were assessed as being moderate fidelity and the rest as low fidelity, with no team achieving high fidelity. The median score was 122 (range: 73–151; inter‐quartile range: 111–132). Teams achieved higher scores on items about structure and organization, for example ease of referral, medication and safety systems, but scored poorly on items about the content of care and interventions. Despite a national mandate to implement the CRT model, there are wide variations in implementation in the UK and no teams in our sample achieved overall high fidelity. This suggests that a mandatory national policy is not in itself sufficient to achieve good quality implementation of a service model. The CRT Fidelity Scale provides a feasible and acceptable means to objectively assess model fidelity in CRTs. There is a need for development and testing of interventions to enhance model fidelity and facilitate improvements to these services.
Epidermal growth factor vs platelet‐rich plasma: Activity against chronic wound microbiota
Authors: de Oliveira Beatriz G. R. B. , de Oliveira Fernanda P. , Teixeira Lenise A. , de Paula Geraldo R. , de Oliveira Bianca C. , Pires Bruna M. F. B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation of wounds treated with recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP); to analyse the susceptibility profiles of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolates from wounds treated with EGF and PRP; and to describe the presence of infection in EGF‐treated and PRP‐treated wounds. Experimental study was performed using clinical specimens collected with swabs. Patients were treated with PRP and EGF in the outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Forty‐three isolates were obtained from 31 patients, 41.9% (13/31) of whom had been treated with EGF and 58.0% (18/31) with PRP. Ten of the 43 isolates were identified as S. aureus, 60.0% (6/10) of which were isolated from PRP‐treated wounds. Among the 33 P. aeruginosa isolates, 66.6% (22/33) were isolated from PRP‐treated wounds. Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility, only one strain isolated from an EGF‐treated wound was identified as methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Among the P. aeruginosa isolates, one obtained from a patient treated with EGF was multidrug‐resistant. Patients treated with EGF had no infections during the follow‐up period, and there was a significant difference between the 1st and 12th week in wound infection improvement in patients treated with PRP (P = .0078).
Enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction catalyzed by carbon‐rich Mo4.8Si3C0.6/C/SiC nanocomposites via a PDC approach
Authors: Feng Yao , Yu Zhaoju , Riedel Ralf 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, mesoporous carbon‐rich Mo4.8Si3C0.6/C/SiC ceramic nanocomposites were successfully prepared via a single‐source precursor route, starting from allylhydridopolycarbosilane (AHPCS, SMP‐10), bis(acetylacetonato) dioxomolybdenum (VI) [MoO2(acac)2], and divinylbenzene (DVB). Besides, polystyrene (PS) was used as a pore former. The obtained carbon‐rich single‐source precursor/PS mixtures were pyrolyzed at 1100°C, and then annealed at 1350°C‐1600°C to fabricate a series of carbon‐rich Mo4.8Si3C0.6/C/SiC ceramics comprised of high carbon content above 50 wt%. In comparison to the carbon‐poor materials, the carbon‐rich samples retain the higher specific surface area up to 214.6‐304 m2/g at higher annealing temperatures (1350°C‐1600°C) due to the enhancement of carbothermal reaction. The carbon‐rich samples synthesized at 1500°C, denoted as SM/Mo/PS/DVB 2‐1‐4‐2 1500 exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic performance with ultra‐low overpotentials of 119 mV vs reversible hydrogen electrode at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in acidic media, which is superior to that of the Mo4.8Si3C0.6/C/SiC ceramic (138 mV) with lower carbon content reported in our previous study. Therefore, our porous materials comprised of high carbon content and Nowotny phase (Mo4.8Si3C0.6, NP) are considered as promising catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Mid‐infrared luminesce of ZnS:Cr2+‐glass composite and fiber
Authors: Mao Qiannan , Lan Bijiao , Wang Heng , Zhang Weida , Fan Zhechen , Wu Jinhao , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCr2+‐doped materials with mid‐infrared (Mid‐IR) broadband luminescence are of fundamental importance for various applications, such as solid‐state lasers technology, biolabeling, optical telecommunication, and solar energy management. Especially, Cr2+‐doped glass has been considered as one of important material candidates. The major challenge is the precipitation of crystals doped with Cr2+ ions in glass. So, “crystals in glass composite” is an effective method to solve this issue. Here, we describe a ZnS:Cr2+ in borophosphate glass composite (CZPB) which exhibits Mid‐IR luminescence in the region from 1700 to 2900 nm with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 690 nm. In addition, the materials can also be fabricated into fiber without obvious change in the characteristic luminescence band. The results provide new opportunities for the construction of the broadband fiber light source operating at Mid‐IR waveband region.
Intensive care nurses’ implicit and explicit attitudes and their behavioural intentions towards obese intensive care patients
Authors: Robstad Nastasja , Westergren Thomas , Siebler Frank , Söderhamn Ulrika , Fegran Liv 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo examine qualified intensive care nurses’ implicit and explicit attitudes towards obese intensive care patients and whether their attitudes are associated with their behavioural intentions towards these patients.BackgroundObese intensive care patients may experience more stress than do normal‐weight patients. Intensive care nurses’ attitudes and the way they address their care are thus vital. Despite a range of studies revealing that health professionals hold anti‐fat attitudes towards obese patients, there is a lack of knowledge about intensive care nurses’ implicit and explicit attitudes and if such attitudes are associated with behavioural intention.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsFrom November 2017 ‐ January 2018, a web‐based survey was conducted with 159 qualified intensive care nurses (84.3% women, mean age 45.52 years) recruited through 16 intensive care units and Facebook. The survey consisted of implicit attitude tests, explicit bias scales, the Anti‐fat Attitude questionnaire, vignettes measuring behavioural intention, and demographic questions.ResultsIntensive care nurses reported implicit preferences for thin over thick people and found obese individuals slightly ‘worse’ and ‘lazy’, comprising less willpower than thin individuals. Attitudes were not associated with behavioural intention.ConclusionThis study provides new knowledge about qualified intensive care nurses’ anti‐fat attitudes and behavioural intention towards obese intensive care patients. These findings should be acknowledged by policymakers, clinical healthcare providers and educators to secure optimal care for these patients.Impact StatementThese results should be used in nursing attitude change programmes, in intensive care units, and among nursing educators, focusing on increasing nurses’ knowledge of the complexities of obesity. Further research on obese intensive care patients’ healthcare experiences and the impact that healthcare providers’ anti‐fat attitudes and behaviours has on patients’ perceived care quality is needed.