bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial fusion and Bid-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis are perturbed by alcohol with distinct dependence on its metabolism
Authors: Naghdi Shamim , Slovinsky William S , Madesh Muniswamy , Rubin Emanuel , Hajnóczky György 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEnvironmental stressors like ethanol (EtOH) commonly target mitochondria to influence the cell’s fate. Recent literature supports that chronic EtOH exposure suppresses mitochondrial dynamics, central to quality control, and sensitizes mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening to promote cell death. EtOH-induced tissue injury is primarily attributed to its toxic metabolic products but alcoholism also impairs tissues that poorly metabolize EtOH. We embarked on studies to determine the respective roles of EtOH and its metabolites in mitochondrial fusion and tBid-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. We used HepG2 cells that do not metabolize EtOH and its engineered clone that expresses EtOH-metabolizing Cytochrome P450 E2 and alcohol dehydrogenase (VL-17A cells). We found that fusion impairment by prolonged EtOH exposure was prominent in VL-17A cells, probably owing to reactive oxygen species increase in the mitochondrial matrix. There was no change in fusion protein abundance, mitochondrial membrane potential or Ca2+ uptake. By contrast, prolonged EtOH exposure promoted tBid-induced outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cell death only in HepG2 cells, owing to enhanced Bak oligomerization. Thus, mitochondrial fusion inhibition by EtOH is dependent on its metabolites, whereas sensitization to tBid-induced death is mediated by EtOH itself. This difference is of pathophysiological relevance because of the tissue-specific differences in EtOH metabolism.
Steering is an essential feature of non-locality in quantum theory
Authors: Ramanathan Ravishankar , Goyeneche Dardo , Muhammad Sadiq , Mironowicz Piotr , Grünfeld Marcus , Bourennane Mohamed , Horodecki Paweł 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA physical theory is called non-local when observers can produce instantaneous effects over distant systems. Non-local theories rely on two fundamental effects: local uncertainty relations and steering of physical states at a distance. In quantum mechanics, the former one dominates the other in a well-known class of non-local games known as XOR games. In particular, optimal quantum strategies for XOR games are completely determined by the uncertainty principle alone. This breakthrough result has yielded the fundamental open question whether optimal quantum strategies are always restricted by local uncertainty principles, with entanglement-based steering playing no role. In this work, we provide a negative answer to the question, showing that both steering and uncertainty relations play a fundamental role in determining optimal quantum strategies for non-local games. Our theoretical findings are supported by an experimental implementation with entangled photons.
Mrp1 is involved in lipid presentation and iNKT cell activation by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Chandra Shilpi , Gray James , Kiosses William B. , Khurana Archana , Hitomi Kaori , Crosby Catherine M. , Chawla Ashu , Fu Zheng , Zhao Meng , Veerapen Natacha , Richardson Stewart K. , Porcelli Steven A. , Besra Gurdyal , Howell Amy R. , Sharma Sonia , Peters Bjoern , Kronenberg Mitchell 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInvariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are activated by lipid antigens presented by CD1d, but the pathway leading to lipid antigen presentation remains incompletely characterized. Here we show a whole-genome siRNA screen to elucidate the CD1d presentation pathway. A majority of gene knockdowns that diminish antigen presentation reduced formation of glycolipid-CD1d complexes on the cell surface, including members of the HOPS and ESCRT complexes, genes affecting cytoskeletal rearrangement, and ABC family transporters. We validated the role in vivo for the multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1) in CD1d antigen presentation. Mrp1 deficiency reduces surface clustering of CD1d, which decreased iNKT cell activation. Infected Mrp1 knockout mice show decreased iNKT cell responses to antigens fromStreptococcus pneumoniaeand were associated with increased mortality. Our results highlight the unique cellular events involved in lipid antigen presentation and show how modification of this pathway can lead to lethal infection.
CRISPR knockout screening identifies combinatorial drug targets in pancreatic cancer and models cellular drug response
Authors: Szlachta Karol , Kuscu Cem , Tufan Turan , Adair Sara J. , Shang Stephen , Michaels Alex D. , Mullen Matthew G. , Fischer Natasha Lopes , Yang Jiekun , Liu Limin , Trivedi Prasad , Stelow Edward B. , Stukenberg P. Todd , Parsons J. Thomas , Bauer Todd W. , Adli Mazhar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPredicting the response and identifying additional targets that will improve the efficacy of chemotherapy is a major goal in cancer research. Through large-scale in vivo and in vitro CRISPR knockout screens in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells, we identified genes whose genetic deletion or pharmacologic inhibition synergistically increase the cytotoxicity of MEK signaling inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that CRISPR viability scores combined with basal gene expression levels could model global cellular responses to the drug treatment. We develop drug response evaluation by in vivo CRISPR screening (DREBIC) method and validated its efficacy using large-scale experimental data from independent experiments. Comparative analyses demonstrate that DREBIC predicts drug response in cancer cells from a wide range of tissues with high accuracy and identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities of cancer-causing mutations to MEK inhibitors in various cancer types.
Lipopolysaccharide-affinity copolymer senses the rapid motility of swarmer bacteria to trigger antimicrobial drug release
Authors: Lu Shengtao , Bi Wuguo , Du Quanchao , Sinha Sheetal , Wu Xiangyang , Subrata Arnold , Bhattacharjya Surajit , Xing Bengang , Yeow Edwin K. L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn intelligent drug release system that is triggered into action upon sensing the motion of swarmer P. mirabilis is introduced. The rational design of the drug release system focuses on a pNIPAAm-co-pAEMA copolymer that prevents drug leakage in a tobramycin-loaded mesoporous silica particle by covering its surface via electrostatic attraction. The copolymer chains are also conjugated to peptide ligands YVLWKRKRKFCFI-NH2 that display affinity to Gram-negative bacteria. When swarmer P. mirabilis cells approach and come in contact with the particle, the copolymer-YVLWKRKRKFCFI-NH2 binds to the lipopolysaccharides on the outer membrane of motile P. mirabilis and are stripped off the particle surface when the cells move away; hence releasing tobramycin into the swarmer colony and inhibiting its expansion. The release mechanism is termed Motion-Induced Mechanical Stripping (MIMS). For swarmer B. subtilis, the removal of copolymers from particle surfaces via MIMS is not apparent due to poor adherence between bacteria and copolymer-YVLWKRKRKFCFI-NH2 system.
Complex genetics of female fertility
Authors: Gajbhiye Rahul , Fung Jenny N. , Montgomery Grant W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVariation in reproductive lifespan and female fertility have implications for health, population size and ageing. Fertility declines well before general signs of menopause and is also adversely affected by common reproductive diseases, including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis. Understanding the factors that regulate the timing of puberty and menopause, and the relationships with fertility are important for individuals and for policy. Substantial genetic variation exists for common traits associated with reproductive lifespan and for common diseases influencing female fertility. Genetic studies have identified mutations in genes contributing to disorders of reproduction, and in the last ten years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of common genetic contributions to these complex traits and diseases. These studies have made great progress towards understanding the genetic factors contributing to variation in traits and diseases influencing female fertility. The data emerging from GWAS demonstrate the utility of genetics to explain epidemiological observations, revealing shared biological pathways linking puberty timing, fertility, reproductive ageing and health outcomes. Many variants implicate DNA damage/repair genes in variation in the age at menopause with implications for follicle health and ageing. In addition to the discovery of individual genes and pathways, the increasingly powerful studies on common genetic risk factors help interpret the underlying relationships and direction of causation in the regulation of reproductive lifespan, fertility and related traits.
Association between body mass index and fatty liver risk: A dose-response analysis
Authors: Fan Rui , Wang Jufang , Du Jinman 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBody mass index (BMI) is associated with fatty liver risk, however, the dose-response relationship between continuous BMI changes and fatty liver risk has not been clearly defined. In this study, a cross-sectional study was conducted and a total of 3202 individuals were included. Unconditional logistic regression and restricted cubic spline model were used to analyze the dose-response association of BMI with fatty liver risk. After adjusting for confounding factors (age, gender, hypertension, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, uric acid, homocysteine, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase), overweight (OR = 3.55, 95% CI: 2.49–5.06,P = 2.79 × 10−12), obesity (OR = 7.59, 95% CI: 4.91–11.71,P = 6.56 × 10−20) were significantly related to fatty liver risk. Stratified by gender (male/female), age (<50 years/≥50 years), prevalence of hypertension (yes/no), the above association was still significant (P = 0.004 or lower). In dose-response analysis, BMI was statistically significantly associated with fatty liver risk in a nonlinear fashion (approximately J-shaped fashion,Pnonlinearity = 1.71 × 10−4or lower) in the total population and all subgroups mentioned above. Findings from this dose-response analysis suggest that higher BMI (overweight/obesity) is an independent, dose-dependent risk factor for fatty liver, and prevention of fatty liver focusing on continuous changes in BMI should be noted.
Strain-induced nonlinear spin Hall effect in topological Dirac semimetal
Authors: Araki Yasufumi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe show that an electric field applied to a strained topological Dirac semimetal, such as Na3Bi and Cd3As2, induces a spin Hall current that is quadratic in the electric field. By regarding the strain as an effective “axial magnetic field” for the Dirac electrons, we investigate the electron and spin transport semiclassically in terms of the chiral kinetic theory. The nonlinear spin Hall effect arises as the cross effect between the regular Hall effect driven by the axial magnetic field and the anomalous Hall effect coming from the momentum-space topology. It provides an efficient way to generate a fully spin-polarized and rectified spin current out of an alternating electric field, which is sufficiently large and can be directly tuned by the gate voltage and the strain.
An underwater observation dataset for fish classification and fishery assessment
Authors: McCann Erin , Li Liling , Pangle Kevin , Johnson Nicholas , Eickholt Jesse 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsing Dual-Frequency Identification Sonar (DIDSON), fishery acoustic observation data was collected from the Ocqueoc River, a tributary of Lake Huron in northern Michigan, USA. Data were collected March through July 2013 and 2016 and included the identification, via technology or expert analysis, of eight fish species as they passed through the DIDSON’s field of view. A set of short DIDSON clips containing identified fish was curated. Additionally, two other datasets were created that include visualizations of the acoustic data and longer DIDSON clips. These datasets could complement future research characterizing the abundance and behavior of valued fishes such as walleye (Sander vitreus) or white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) or invasive fishes such as sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) or European carp (Cyprinus carpio). Given the abundance of DIDSON data and the fact that a portion of it is labeled, these data could aid in the creation of machine learning tools from DIDSON data, particularly for invasive sea lamprey which are amply represented and a destructive invader of the Laurentian Great Lakes.
One pod synthesis of single‐crystal silver nanowires for selective detection of Pb(II)
Authors: Dong Lihong 
Published: October 2018

With tannin as both reducing and stabilising agents, high yield single‐crystalline silver (Ag) nanowires were synthesised in a simple solution system at 45–55°C. No additional capping or co‐reduction agent was required. The length of the Ag nanowires could be up to several tens of micrometres and the average diameter was 50 nm. By adjusting the temperature and pH values of the reaction system, nanoparticles were obtained as the main product. The tannin protected Ag nanowires could be used for the detection of Pb(II) ions with high sensitivity and selectivity and the detection limit could be as low as 10−8 M. This detection assay is more practical in application because of its green and low cost preparation and longer storage time at ambient conditions.
Fraction of bolometric luminosity absorbed by dust in DustPedia galaxies
Authors: Bianchi S. , De Vis P. , Viaene S. , Nersesian A. , Mosenkov A. V. , Xilouris E. M. , Baes M. , Casasola V. , Cassarà L. P. , Clark C. J. R. , Davies J. I. , De Looze I. , Dobbels W. , Galametz M. , Galliano F. , Jones A. P. , Lianou S. , Madden S. C. , Trčka A. 
Published: October 2018

Aims. We aim to study the fraction of stellar radiation absorbed by dust, fabs, in 814 galaxies of different morphological types. The targets constitute the vast majority (93%) of the DustPedia sample, including almost all large (optical diameter larger than 1′), nearby (v ≤ 3000 km s−1) galaxies observed with the Herschel Space Observatory.
Methods. For each object, we modelled the spectral energy distribution from the ultraviolet to the sub-millimetre using the dedicated, aperture-matched DustPedia photometry and the Code Investigating GALaxy Evolution (CIGALE). The value of fabs was obtained from the total luminosity emitted by dust and from the bolometric luminosity, which are estimated by the fit.
Results. On average, 19% of the stellar radiation is absorbed by dust in DustPedia galaxies. The fraction rises to 25% if only late-type galaxies are considered. The dependence of fabs on morphology, showing a peak for Sb-Sc galaxies, is weak; it reflects a stronger, yet broad, positive correlation with the bolometric luminosity, which is identified for late-type, disk-dominated, high-specific-star-formation rate, gas-rich objects. We find no variation of fabs with inclination, at odds with radiative transfer models of edge-on galaxies. These results call for a self-consistent modelling of the evolution of the dust mass and geometry along the build-up of the stellar content. We also provide template spectral energy distributions in bins of morphology and luminosity and study the variation of fabs with stellar mass and specific star-formation rate. We confirm that the local Universe is missing the high fabs, luminous and actively star-forming objects necessary to explain the energy budget in observations of the extragalactic background light.
Flows and magnetic field structures in reconnection regions of simulations of the solar atmosphere: Do flux pile-up models work?
Authors: Shelyag S. , Litvinenko Y. E. , Fedun V. , Verth G. , González-Avilés J. J. , Guzmán F. S. 
Published: October 2018

Aims. We study the process of magnetic field annihilation and reconnection in simulations of magnetised solar photosphere and chromosphere with magnetic fields of opposite polarities and constant numerical resistivity.
Methods. Exact analytical solutions for reconnective annihilations were used to interpret the features of magnetic reconnection in simulations of flux cancellation in the solar atmosphere. We used MURaM high-resolution photospheric radiative magneto-convection simulations to demonstrate the presence of magnetic field reconnection consistent with the magnetic flux pile-up models. Also, a simulated data-driven chromospheric magneto-hydrodynamic simulation is used to demonstrate magnetic field and flow structures, which are similar to the theoretically predicted ones.
Results. Both simulations demonstrate flow and magnetic field structures roughly consistent with accelerated reconnection with magnetic flux pile-up. The presence of standard Sweet–Parker type reconnection is also demonstrated in stronger photospheric magnetic fields.
(16) Psyche: A mesosiderite-like asteroid?
Authors: Viikinkoski M. , Vernazza P. , Hanuš J. , Le Coroller H. , Tazhenova K. , Carry B. , Marsset M. , Drouard A. , Marchis F. , Fetick R. , Fusco T. , Ďurech J. , Birlan M. , Berthier J. , Bartczak P. , Dumas C. , Castillo-Rogez J. , Cipriani F. , Colas F. , Ferrais M. , Grice J. , Jehin E. , Jorda L. , Kaasalainen M. , Kryszczynska A. , Lamy P. , Marciniak A. , Michalowski T. , Michel P. , Pajuelo M. , Podlewska-Gaca E. , Santana-Ros T. , Tanga P. , Vachier F. , Vigan A. , Warner B. , Witasse O. , Yang B. 
Published: October 2018

Context. Asteroid (16) Psyche is the target of the NASA Psyche mission. It is considered one of the few main-belt bodies that could be an exposed proto-planetary metallic core and that would thus be related to iron meteorites. Such an association is however challenged by both its near- and mid-infrared spectral properties and the reported estimates of its density.
Aims. Here, we aim to refine the density of (16) Psyche to set further constraints on its bulk composition and determine its potential meteoritic analog.
Methods. We observed (16) Psyche with ESO VLT/SPHERE/ZIMPOL as part of our large program (ID 199.C-0074). We used the high angular resolution of these observations to refine Psyche’s three-dimensional (3D) shape model and subsequently its density when combined with the most recent mass estimates. In addition, we searched for potential companions around the asteroid.
Results. We derived a bulk density of 3.99 ± 0.26 g cm−3 for Psyche. While such density is incompatible at the 3-sigma level with any iron meteorites (∼7.8 g cm−3), it appears fully consistent with that of stony-iron meteorites such as mesosiderites (density ∼4.25 g cm−3). In addition, we found no satellite in our images and set an upper limit on the diameter of any non-detected satellite of 1460 ± 200 m at 150 km from Psyche (0.2% × RHill, the Hill radius) and 800 ± 200 m at 2000 km (3% × RHill).
Conclusions. Considering that the visible and near-infrared spectral properties of mesosiderites are similar to those of Psyche, there is merit to a long-published initial hypothesis that Psyche could be a plausible candidate parent body for mesosiderites.
The AMBRE project: searching for the closest solar siblings
Authors: Adibekyan V. , de Laverny P. , Recio-Blanco A. , Sousa S. G. , Delgado-Mena E. , Kordopatis G. , Ferreira A. C. S. , Santos N. C. , Hakobyan A. A. , Tsantaki M. 
Published: October 2018

Context. Finding solar siblings, that is, stars that formed in the same cluster as the Sun, will yield information about the conditions at the Sun’s birthplace. Finding possible solar siblings is difficult since they are spread widely throughout the Galaxy.
Aims. We search for solar sibling candidates in AMBRE, the very large spectra database of solar vicinity stars.
Methods. Since the ages and chemical abundances of solar siblings are very similar to those of the Sun, we carried out a chemistry- and age-based search for solar sibling candidates. We used high-resolution spectra to derive precise stellar parameters and chemical abundances of the stars. We used these spectroscopic parameters together with Gaia DR2 astrometric data to derive stellar isochronal ages. Gaia data were also used to study the kinematics of the sibling candidates.
Results. From about 17 000 stars that are characterized within the AMBRE project, we first selected 55 stars whose metallicities are closest to the solar value (−0.1 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.1 dex). For these stars we derived precise chemical abundances of several iron-peak, α- and neutron-capture elements, based on which we selected 12 solar sibling candidates with average abundances and metallicities between −0.03 and 0.03 dex. Our further selection left us with four candidates with stellar ages that are compatible with the solar age within observational uncertainties. For the two of the hottest candidates, we derived the carbon isotopic ratios, which are compatible with the solar value. HD 186302 is the most precisely characterized and probably the most probable candidate of our four best candidates.
Conclusions. Very precise chemical characterization and age estimation is necessary to identify solar siblings. We propose that in addition to typical chemical tagging, the study of isotopic ratios can give further important information about the relation of sibling candidates with the Sun. Ideally, asteroseismic age determinations of the candidates could solve the problem of imprecise isochronal ages.
Blutzucker im Sinkflug
Authors: Handke Denis 
Published: October 2018

SummaryEine Unterzuckerung entwickelt sich innerhalb von Minuten und zeigt sich bis zum Eintreten eines hypoglykämischen Schocks zum Teil nur verschleiert. Betroffen sind fast immer Diabetiker, meist nach Übertherapie mit Insulin oder oralen Antidiabetika oder nach körperlicher Anstrengung, Nahrungskarenz oder Alkoholgenuss. Mit sofortiger Blutzuckermessung, Glukosegabe und ergänzenden Notfallmaßnahmen lassen sich Patienten meist schnell stabilisieren.
Magen unter Strom?
Authors: Jahn Claus 
Published: October 2018

SummaryDie Funktionelle Dyspepsie wird als Ausschlussdiagnose gestellt, wenn für chronische Magenbeschwerden keine organische Ursache gefunden wird. Leitsymptome der Funktionellen Dyspepsie sind epigastrischer Schmerz, epigastrisches Brennen, Völlegefühl und vorzeitiges Sättigungsgefühl. Als naturheilkundliche Therapeutika kommen unter anderem entkrampfende, schmerzstillende und magensäureregulierende Injektabilia infrage.