bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External aggressions to health personnel in health centers of primary care in the city of Ibarra
Authors: Gordillo Corrales Verónica , Ferrer Villalobos Michelle , Elizabeth Burbano Cindy , Merino-Salazar Pamela 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionAlthough the events of aggression in the work affect practically all the sectors and categories of the working population, there are groups with greater risk of suffering the objectiveof this study is to determine the frequency and the types of aggression towards the health professionals of centers of primary care in the city of Ibarra. Materials and methodsThis is an exploratory study carried out in 181 medical professionals, nurses and nursing assistants. The study variables included sociodemographic characteristics of the persons attacked, as well as the type and characteristics of the aggression, which were described by means of frequencies and percentages. Results66.9% of the participants reported assaults, of which 61.9% were verbal. The main aggressors were the patient or his relatives, women (61.2%), and people between 31 to 50 years (68, 6%). DiscussionIn a similar way to previous studies, in the present study it was observed that more than half of the participants have been victims of external aggressions in their workplace ConclusionsThe most frequent triggers were the delay in attention and the lack of resources . The high frequency of external aggressions in primary care health personnel requires establishing prevention, action and notification plans for these events.
Methodological analysis for environmental performance in sanitation structures in order to mitigate the effects of emerging pollutants, PPCPS
Authors: López Moya Alejandro Paúl , Delgado-Yánez Mónica 
Published: June 2019

Introduction According to the typology of the product labels or in the Environmental Product Declarations (DAP), the standard EN15804 indicates three typologies that are a function of the stages covered in the study Objectiveto make a methodological contribution in relation to environmental performance in the construction of combined sewerage networks Materials and methodsis based on a search and obtain information on research conducted on the basis of the ACV in the construction of sewerage networks Results research provides the necessary information reduction of environmental impacts in the construction of networks of sewerage, being innovative environmental guide based on technical and bibliographic experiences. DiscussionThe type of sewer used depends on the characteristics of size, topography, economic conditions of the project ConclusionsIt is feasible to point out that there is no specific procedure
Disentangling Heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s Disease: Two Empirically-Derived Subtypes
Authors: Blanken Anna E. , Dutt Shubir , Li Yanrong , Nation Daniel A. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2019

Background: Clinical-pathological Alzheimer’s disease (AD) subtypes may help distill heterogeneity in patient presentation. To date, no studies have utilized neuropsychological and biological markers to identify preclinical subtypes with longitudinal stability. Objective: The objective of this study was to empirically derive AD endophenotypes using a combination of cognitive and biological markers. Methods: Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped dementia-free older adults using memory, executive and language abilities, and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau. Brain volume differences, neuropsychological trajectory, and progression to dementia were compared, controlling for age, gender, education, and apolipoprotein E4 ( ApoE4). Results: Subgroups included asymptomatic-normal ( n = 653) with unimpaired cognition and subthreshold biomarkers, typical AD (TAD; n = 191) showing marked memory decline, high ApoE4 rates and abnormal biomarkers, and atypical AD (AAD; n = 132) with widespread cognitive decline, intermediate biomarker levels, older age, less education and more white matter lesions. Cognitive profiles showed longitudinal stability with corresponding patterns of cortical atrophy, despite nearly identical rates of progression to AD dementia. Conclusion: Two clinical-pathological AD subtypes are identified with potential implications for preventative efforts.
Higher Plasma Level of Nampt Presaging Memory Dysfunction in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Huang Xi , Wang Chenchen , Tian Sai , Huang Rong , Guo Dan , Zhang Haoqiang , Shi Jijing , Wang Shaohua 
Published: June 2019

Background: In addition to glucose metabolism, adipocytokine Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) has been proposed as a multifunctional protein involved in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance always occurs before the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and damages the cognition of T2DM patients very early. Objective: We aimed to investigate the role and potential clinical value of Nampt in early cognitive decline of T2DM. Methods: A total of 195 Chinese T2DM patients were enrolled and divided into a mild cognition impairment (MCI) group and a healthy cognition group according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. Their cognitive function was extensively assessed. The plasma level of Nampt was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In the MCI group ( n = 78, MoCA < 26), the plasma level of Nampt was significantly higher than the controls ( p < 0.01). After adjusting for age, sex, and level of education, Nampt levels were negatively associated with most of the cognitive domains forecasting hypomnesia (all p < 0.007). Nevertheless, hierarchical regression analysis further revealed that Nampt was an independent risk factor of MCI in Chinese T2DM patients (all p < 0.05), including Logic Memory Test (β= –0.31, p < 0.01), Auditory Verbal Learning Test delayed recall (β= –0.26, p < 0.01), and so on, which represent memory function. Correlation analysis showed that Nampt related to insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid levels (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: We found that higher plasma level of Nampt presages memory dysfunction in MCI in Chinese T2DM patients. Further studies are necessary to confirm its scanning and prognosis prediction value of the disease clinically.
Acute effects of flavonoid-rich blueberry on cognitive and vascular function in healthy older adults
Authors: Dodd Georgina F. , Williams Claire M. , Butler Laurie T. , Spencer Jeremy P.E. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND: Consumption of flavonoids, natural compounds found in foods such as berries and cocoa, have been shown to be beneficial for cognitive function. However, less is known about potential mechanisms and acute benefits for the older population. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether acute intake of flavonoid-rich blueberry could have beneficial effects on cognitive function in a sample of healthy older adults and identify possible mechanisms. METHODS: A cross-over randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted (N = 18) with volunteers receiving a flavonoid-rich blueberry beverage (579mg of antho- and pro-cyanidins) on one visit and a sugar-matched control on another. Cognitive function was measured at baseline, 2 and 5 hours post consumption of the intervention and blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration at baseline and an hour post-intervention. RESULTS: Whilst there was no significant effect of the intervention on global cognitive function, performance was significantly different at 2 compared to 5 hours following the control beverage ( p < 0.05), with a decline in performance relative to baseline at 2 hours, whereas cognitive function improved following the blueberry beverage at both post intervention time points. There was also a trend towards the blueberry beverage attenuating the increase in systolic BP evident following the control drink ( p = 0.08). Finally, there was a decrease in plasma concentration of BDNF post consumption of the control drink which was attenuated following the blueberry beverage, although not significantly ( p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of flavonoid-rich blueberry could have a potentially protective effect on cognitive function in healthy older adults, possibly due to improved cerebrovascular function and positive interactions with cell signalling pathways involved in cognitive processes.
Application of automated bronchial 3D-CT measurement in pulmonary contusion complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Li Yan , Dai Yongliang , Duan Xiaoyi , Zhang Weishan , Guo Youmin , Wang Jiansheng 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND Quantitative measurement of bronchial morphological changes in pulmonary contusion with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has important clinical implications. OBJECTIVE To investigate the morphological changes in bronchus before and after treatment in patients with pulmonary contusion combined with ARDS using an automated bronchial three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) measurement method. METHODS The study involves a dataset of CT images of 62 patients diagnosed with pulmonary contusion combined with ARDS. The volume of pulmonary contusion lesions was calculated as a percentage of the total lung volume using the automated 3D-CT method. The bronchial luminal cross-sectional area, wall cross-sectional area, the maximum and average wall thickness, the maximum and average luminal densities, intraluminal and extraluminal diameters, and circumferences of generations 2–4 bronchi before and after treatment were measured. Furthermore, the corresponding differences were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The luminal cross-sectional area, wall cross-sectional area, intraluminal and extraluminal diameters, and circumferences of generations 2–4 bronchi were all significantly lower before treatment than after treatment ( P < 0.05). However, the maximum and average wall thicknesses were both significantly higher before treatment than after treatment ( P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the maximum and average luminal densities before and after treatment ( P > 0.05). The percentage of the pulmonary contusion lesion volume to the total lung volume correlated positively with the thoracic trauma severity score ( r = 0.74, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative bronchial CT image analysis enables to detect and assess bronchial morphological changes in patients diagnosed with pulmonary contusion combined with ARDS.
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF MYCOPHENOLIC ACID IN BULK AND IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM: A REVIEW
Authors: Manjare Mr. A.U. , R.N. Mr. Kale 
Published: June 2019

Mycophenolic acid is an anti-metabolite immunosuppressant. It also inhibits the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase; essential for purine synthesis. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the UV are an essential analytical tools in assessing drug product. HPLC methods should be able to isolate, detect, and enumerate the various drugs and drug associated degradants that can form on storage, or manufacturing. It should also detect and enumerate any drugs and drug-related impurities that may be introduced during synthesis. Validation is the process of establishing the performance characteristics and limits of a method and identification of the effects which may change these features and to what extent. This article discusses the current and potential uses of the drug mycophenolic acid as well as the plans and the subjects related to designing UV and HPLC method for development and validation.
Keywords: Mycophenolic acid, Immunosuppressant, HPLC, UV, Validation
Requisitos establecidos por la Corte Constitucional para la aplicación de la eutanasia en pacientes en etapa terminal
Authors: Almanza Katherine , Vélez Mary Luz , Londoño Paula Andrea , Obregón Marlon Giovanni , Álvarez Luis Gabriel , Zuluaga José Roberto 
Published: June 2019

El siguiente proyecto integrador de semestre tiene como objetivo identificar cual ha sido la evolución de la jurisprudencia emitida por la Corte Constitucional respecto de la eutanasia en Colombia, lo anterior dado que este procedimiento es parte integral del derecho fundamental a morir dignamente, cuya implementación ha estado acompañada de gran debate y controversia entre amplios sectores de la sociedad colombiana.Pese a que el art. 11 de la Constitución Política establece que “el derecho a la vida es inviolable…” se aprecia una tendencia jurisprudencial progresiva en la que el derecho a morir dignamente, prevalece frente a este.Para analizar la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional frente al tema, se utilizó la metodología de línea jurisprudencial desarrollada por Diego Eduardo López Medina en el libro “El Derecho de Los Jueces”, la cual permitió una clara identificación de las decisiones adoptadas por dicha corporación frente a la invocación del derecho a morir dignamente por parte de personas que en su mayoría lo consideraron vulnerado, además de los lineamientos trazados para su reglamentación.El desarrollo jurisprudencial sobre el tema es de gran importancia, debido a que a través de este la Corte crea y reglamenta un nuevo derecho fundamental; el derecho a morir dignamente, marcando una clara tendencia de defensa del derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad, la autonomía y la dignidad humana; dichas providencias hacen parte fundamental del precedente jurisprudencial a tener en cuenta para futuras decisiones.Hacen parte del derecho a morir dignamente la eutanasia y la implementación de los cuidados paliativos en pacientes con enfermedad terminal, los cuales se analizan a profundidad dentro del presente estudio.
Derechos de cuarta generación para Colombia
Authors: Campos Duque Ángela María 
Published: June 2019

Los Derechos Humanos son disposiciones universales que tienen el propósito de proteger los derechos de toda la población a nivel mundial o global, reconocimiento dado por el simple hecho de ser humano. El mundo evoluciona a un ritmo muy rápido y lo mismo debería evolucionar la normatividad para proteger los derechos de la población y los usuarios en el desarrollo acelerado de las nuevas tecnologías de comunicación. Internet, propaga la información de diferente índole económico, político, social y cultural pero ha sido evidente que también de carácter personal, violando todo prototipo de derechos individuales referentes a la privacidad, que en los últimos años ha sido indudablemente notorio lo vulnerable que es el sistema y el bajo espectro en control de garantías respecto a la protección de estos derechos.
Developing a safety-netting intervention for the earlier diagnosis of cancer in primary care: the Shared Safety Net Action Plan (SSNAP)
Authors: Heyhoe Jane , Reynolds Caroline , Lawton Rebecca 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundDiagnosing cancer earlier broadens treatment options and improves survival outcomes. When symptoms do not indicate a cancer diagnosis referral, evidence suggests patients could play an important role in achieving a faster cancer diagnosis by assisting with symptom follow-up and review. Little is known about how to engage patients in diagnosis and what a safety-netting intervention involving patients in primary care might entail.AimStage 1 assessed components considered important for patient involvement in diagnosing cancer earlier in primary care and explored three possible strategies. Stage 2 aimed to co-design a safety-netting intervention with and for primary care patients and professionals.MethodStage 1 involved a systematic review, thematic analysis of 15 interviews with GPs, nurse practitioners and patients and a dissemination workshop with 18 stakeholders. For intervention development and refinement, stage 2 involved 3 stakeholder workshops using co-design processes; five focus groups with patients and primary care practices, underpinned by COM-B Framework.ResultsStage 1: the systematic review found no interventions involving patients. Interviews identified three key themes for patient involvement: keeping the door open; roles and responsibilities; and fear of cancer. Ideally, safety-netting should involve verbal discussion and plan, written information, and optional post-consultation prompt. Stage 2: barriers and facilitators of capability, opportunity and motivation to use the intervention were identified. A safety-netting intervention for primary care was co-produced, the Shared Safety Net Action Plan (SSNAP).ConclusionKey components for patient involvement and safety-netting were identified. SSNAP is acceptable to patients and health professionals and assessment of feasibility in practice is now required.
Vasectomy: can the standards be achieved within a primary care setting?
Authors: Gorman Caitlin , Hunt Francis , Al-Ausi Maher 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundVasectomy intends to provide permanent contraception by interrupting the vas deferentia via one of several methods. The no-scalpel vasectomy aims to render male sterilisation more acceptable to patients. It is faster and associated with fewer complications. Complications are uncommon, but do exist, most often pain, bleeding, bruising, and infection. Vasectomy is increasingly carried out within a primary care setting. One GP at Marple Cottage Surgery has been performing vasectomies for 5 years.AimThis study aims to ascertain whether vasectomy standards can be achieved within a primary care setting.MethodElectronic patient records and semen analysis data were accessed for procedures performed between April 2013–April 2018, to calculate the failure and complication rates. This was compared to guidelines from relevant advisory bodies.ResultsIn total 910 vasectomies were performed over the period: 5.3% were associated with a complication; 2.0% intraoperative bleeding, 1.5% pain, 0.8% haematoma, 0.7% syncope, and 0.2% infection. Two-thirds (67.3%) of patients provided a semen sample for analysis. The occlusive failure rate was 0.4% and the contraceptive failure rate is 0%.ConclusionComplication rates were low, achieving or exceeding the standards in all domains. The occlusive failure rate is within the <1% American Urological Association acceptable standard and the current contraceptive failure rate is 0%. This is for further analysis with a larger sample size. We are confident that the high standard of vasectomy care can be achieved as the service migrates into primary care.
The CHARIOT Register: a primary care-based recruitment register for research into dementia and healthy ageing
Authors: Wanis Hiba 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe Cognitive Health in Ageing Register: Investigational, Observational and Trial studies (CHARIOT) is a primary care-based register for research studies involving the prevention of dementia and other age-related diseases. The Register was developed in 2012 in collaboration between London GP surgeries and researchers at the School of Public Health at Imperial College London. It was designed to offer opportunities for volunteers to participate in research studies.AimThe aim is to build a register of individuals aged 50–85 years who are cognitively intact and are willing to be contacted about research studies on dementia prevention and healthy ageing.MethodPotential participants are recruited through London-based GP surgeries. On consenting to join the register, basic demographic and contact details are then extracted from their GP surgery and securely uploaded to the Imperial College database. Based on the data collected, Register members are then approached to participate in new research studies.ResultsTo date, 164 GP surgeries have collaborated to invite over 170 000 individuals to join the CHARIOT Register, resulting in the recruitment of 33 911 participants. From those who have joined the Register, 8419 have consented to take part in ageing-related studies, giving a response rate of 24%.ConclusionThe CHARIOT Register facilitates research for the prevention of dementia and ageing-related diseases. It has been shown that this approach to easily access and recruit keen participants onto research studies has been effective, allowing for the development of new strategies to grow the Register.
Exploring student perceptions and awareness of social prescribing
Authors: Mulligan Hannah , Kirtley Daisy , Santoni Claudia , Chilaka Joel , Giurca Bogdan Chiva 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe importance of social prescribing has been illustrated by the NHS Long Term Plan, as well as the GP Forward View published in 2016. Social prescribing is enabling healthcare professionals to refer patients to a link worker, to co-design a non-clinical social prescription to improve their health and well-being. A lack of awareness of social prescribing has been suggested in the past, although no studies have been formally conducted to date to provide the evidence basis for this statement.AimExploring perceptions, understanding, and awareness of social prescribing among medical students across the UK.MethodStudent views were collected using a survey delivered before and after teaching sessions as part of the NHS England National Social Prescribing Student Champion Scheme. A total of 932 responses were recorded from 27 different medical schools.ResultsPre-session surveys suggested that 91% (n = 848) of medical students have never heard of the concept of social prescribing before the teaching session. Post-session surveys highlighted that 98% (n = 913) of students regarded the concept as useful and relevant to their future careers following teaching on the subject.ConclusionSurvey findings confirm a significant lack of awareness regarding social prescribing among medical students from 27 different medical schools across the UK. New strategies are needed to ensure the doctors of tomorrow are equipped with the necessary tools to achieve the recent outcomes for graduates which highlight the importance of personalised care and social sciences.
Громадська організація як необхідний елемент демократичного управління
Authors: Токар М. Ю. 
Published: June 2019

Здійснено обґрунтування інституції громадянського суспільства – громадської організації як необхідного елемента демократичного управління. Запропоновано характеристику означень організаційної сутності громадської організації в змісті перспектив розвитку громадянського суспільства в Україні. Акцентовано увагу на соціальному призначенні громадської організації, що походить від природного потягу громадян до колективної самоорганізації та самоврядування. Підтверджено, що організована інституція виконує функції, які є індикатором демократичного розвитку держави та суспільства.
Управління фінансовими ресурсами територіальної громади
Authors: Крайник О. П. , Лазорищак М. М. 
Published: June 2019

Висвітлено роль фінансового управління у формуванні місцевої політики розвитку територіальних громад. Показано роль органів місцевої влади у формуванні місцевої політики розвитку території. Сформовано індикатори оцінки ефективності виконання функцій органами місцевої влади. Проведено порівняльний аналіз забезпеченості фінансовими ресурсами об’єднаних територіальних громад. Запропоновано використання порівняльного аналізу для удосконалення управління місцевими фінансами
As últimas vontades da mulher de um tabelião de Lisboa
Authors: Ferreira Ana Pereira 
Published: June 2019

É através dos testamentos medievais que muitas vezes temos acesso a informação sobre as posses e estatuto social dos que morreram. Os testamentos dão-nos informações sobre familiares, bens, instituições e inclusive sobre a importância da memória escrita. O texto que aqui transcrevemos é exactamente isso: um testamento da mulher de um tabelião de Lisboa de finais de Trezentos, que nos permite conhecer as propriedades e bens que detinham, fruto dos rendimentos auferidos pelo marido, bem como as instituições com as quais lidava no seu quotidiano e ainda ficar a conhecer as redes de solidariedade em confrarias (a única referência que temos a uma confraria de tabeliães em Lisboa).
FCT/CH-UL, Projecto OECONOMIA STUDII, PTDC/EPHHIS/3154/2014