bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Yield of Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Lymph Node Tuberculosis in Morocco, 2017: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bennani Kenza , Khattabi Asmae , Akrim Mohammed , Mahtar Mohamed , Benmansour Najib , Essakalli Hossyni Leila , Karkouri Mehdi , Cherradi Nadia , El Messaoudi My Driss , Lahlou Ouafae , Cherkaoui Imad , Khader Yousef , Maaroufi Abderrahmane , Ottmani Salah-Eddine 
Published: August 2019

Background
The frequency of occurrence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) has been increasing globally over the last two decades. In Morocco, EPTB cases account for 46% of the patients reported with a new episode of tuberculosis (TB). Lymph node TB (LNTB) is the most common form of EPTB. In line with the guidelines of the National TB Program, the diagnosis is mainly based on clinical evidence, including histopathology.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the yield of histopathology testing in the diagnosis of LNTB.

Methods
This cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted among patients with cervical lymph node who were enrolled in the study from November 2016 to May 2017 in three regions of Morocco. We compared the outcomes of histopathological testing with those of bacteriology. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of histopathology testing were calculated. Culture and Xpert tests were used as the gold standard Laboratoty Testing.

Results
A total of 262 patients were enrolled in this study. The Se, Sp, PPV, and NPV of histopathology testing were 95.6% (129/135), 64.6% (82/127), 74.1% (129/174), and 93.2% (82/88), respectively, in the presence of granuloma with or without caseous necrosis and were 84.4% (114/135), 74.8% (95/127), 78.1% (114/146), and 81.9% (95/116), respectively, in the presence of granuloma with caseous necrosis. The granuloma with caseous necrosis was associated with increased PPV and Sp of histopathology testing (P&lt;.05).

Conclusions
The presence of the granuloma with caseous necrosis in the histopathological examination had significantly improved the yield of histopathology testing for the diagnosis of LNTB. The findings recommend to maintain histopathology testing in establishing the LNTB diagnosis and to explore other techniques to improve it.
Digital Tracking of Rheumatoid Arthritis Longitudinally (DIGITAL) Using Biosensor and Patient-Reported Outcome Data: Protocol for a Real-World Study
Authors: Nowell William Benjamin , Curtis Jeffrey R , Nolot Sandra K , Curtis David , Venkatachalam Shilpa , Owensby Justin K , Poon Jiat Ling , Calvin Amy B , Kannowski Carol L , Faries Douglas E , Gavigan Kelly , Haynes Virginia S 
Published: August 2019

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a condition with symptoms that vary over time. The typical 3- to 6-month interval between physician visits may lead to patients failing to recall or underreporting symptoms experienced during the interim. Wearable digital technology enables the regular passive collection of patients’ biometric and activity data. If it is shown to be strongly related to data captured by patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures, information collected passively from wearable digital technology could serve as an objective proxy or be complementary to patients’ subjective experience of RA symptoms.

Objective
The goal of this study is to characterize the extent to which digital measures collected from a consumer-grade smartwatch agree with measures of RA disease activity and other PROs collected via a smartphone app.

Methods
This observational study will last 6 months for each participant. We aim to recruit 250 members of the ArthritisPower registry with an RA diagnosis who will receive a smartwatch to wear for the period of the study. From the ArthritisPower mobile app on their own smartphone device, participants will be prompted to answer daily and weekly electronic PRO (ePRO) measures for the first 3 months.

Results
The study was launched in December 2018 and will require up to 18 months to complete. Study results are expected to be published by the end of 2021.

Conclusions
The completion of this study will provide important data regarding the following: (1) the relationship between passively collected digital measures related to activity, heart rate, and sleep collected from a smartwatch with ePROs related to pain, fatigue, physical function, and RA flare entered via smartphone app; (2) determine predictors of adherence with smartwatch and smartphone app technology; and (3) assess the effect of study-specific reminders on adherence with the smartwatch.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/14665
Validation of an Independent Web-Based Tool for Measuring Visual Acuity and Refractive Error (the Manifest versus Online Refractive Evaluation Trial): Prospective Open-Label Noninferiority Clinical Trial.
Authors: Wisse Robert P L , Muijzer Marc B , Cassano Francesco , Godefrooij Daniel A , Prevoo Yves F D M , Soeters Nienke 
Published: August 2019

Background
Digital tools provide a unique opportunity to increase access to eye care. We developed a Web-based test that measures visual acuity and both spherical and cylindrical refractive errors. This test is Conformité Européenne marked and available on the Easee website. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of this Web-based tool with traditional subjective manifest refraction in a prospective open-label noninferiority clinical trial.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of a Web-based refraction compared with a manifest refraction (golden standard).

Methods
Healthy volunteers from 18 to 40 years of age, with a refraction error between –6 and +4 diopter (D), were eligible. Each participant performed the Web-based test, and the reference test was performed by an optometrist. An absolute difference in refractive error of <0.5 D was considered noninferior. Reliability was assessed by using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Both uncorrected and corrected visual acuity were measured.

Results
A total of 200 eyes in 100 healthy volunteers were examined. The Web-based assessment of refractive error had excellent correlation with the reference test (ICC=0.92) and was considered noninferior to the reference test. Uncorrected visual acuity was similar with the Web-based test and the reference test (P=.21). Visual acuity was significantly improved using the prescription obtained by using the Web-based tool (P<.01). The Web-based test provided the best results in participants with mild myopia (ie, <3 D), with a mean difference of 0.02 (SD 0.49) D (P=.48) and yielding a corrected visual acuity of >1.0 in 90% (n=77) of participants.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that Web-based eye testing is a valid and safe method for measuring visual acuity and refractive error in healthy eyes, particularly for mild myopia. This tool can be used for screening purposes, and it is an easily accessible alternative to the subjective manifest refraction test.

Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03313921; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03313921.
Exploring an Existing Weight Management App for Use With Adolescents and Young Adults With Spina Bifida: Usability Study
Authors: Stiles-Shields Colleen , Garcia Brittney , Villota Kimberly , Wartman Elicia , Winning Adrien M , Holmbeck Grayson N 
Published: August 2019

Background
Adolescents and young adults with spina bifida (AYA-SBs) have unique user needs, given their variable and complex symptom profile. Owing to multiple barriers to prevention and intervention treatments for secondary conditions (eg, obesity), AYA-SBs may benefit from the use of behavioral intervention technologies (BITs). However, as BITs are often designed and tested with typically developing individuals, it is unclear if existing BITs may be usable for AYA-SBs.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the usability of a high-quality, publicly available, weight management–focused mobile BIT (smartphone app) for AYA-SBs.

Methods
Overall, 28 AYA-SBs attending a Young Men’s Christian Association–based summer camp completed 4 structured usability tasks using a weight management app designed for the general public called My Diet Coach (Bending Spoons). Learnability was measured by (1) time to complete task, (2) number of user errors, and (3) correct entry of data when requested by the app. Satisfaction and general usability were measured via self-reported questionnaires and qualitative feedback following interactions with the app.

Results
The majority of the sample were able to complete the tasks, with increased completion rates and improved times on second attempts of the tasks (Ps<.05). Errors were common, and discrepancies emerged between quantitative and qualitative feedback such that self-reported measures indicated dissatisfaction but qualitative feedback was generally positive. Suggested improvements to the app included (1) tutorials, (2) simplifying the design, (3) more activity options for those who ambulate by wheelchair, and (4) notifications to prompt use.

Conclusions
AYA-SBs were able to learn how to complete specific tasks independently on a weight management app, but design changes consistent with previously proposed user needs were recommended. Rather than designing entirely new BITs, it may be possible to adapt existing technologies to personalize BITs for specific populations such as AYA-SBs.
History of Rakhine State and the Origin of Rohingya Muslims
Authors: Mohajan Haradhan Kumar 
Published: August 2019

Myanmar is a resource-rich country especially in oil and gas. The country is involved in ethnic conflicts since its independence in 1948. Recently violation of human rights against the Rohingya Muslims become severs. The main cause of Rohingya crisis is a question about its origin. Rakhine (or Arakan) is a State located in the west coast of Myanmar. The population of Arakan State is largely agrarian and more than 43.5% live below the poverty line. The Rohingya, a Muslim ethnic minority group in Rakhine, consider as the most persecuted, vulnerable, and oppressed minorities around the globe. Recently, the persecution on Rohingya Muslims has increased due to Buddhist nationalism in Myanmar. Rohingyas are continued to suffer from several forms of restrictions and human rights violations in Myanmar due to deny Myanmar citizenship. They are victim of various oppressions, such as, arbitrary taxation, land confiscation, destruction of mosques, torture and ill-treatment, extrajudicial executions, restrictions on movements, forced eviction and house destruction, forced laborers on roads and at military camps, and financial restrictions on marriage. Oppression on Rohingya started since 1962, when General Ne Win took power of Myanmar after a coup. Since the 1970s, a number of crackdowns on the Rohingya in Rakhine have forced hundreds of thousands to flee to neighboring countries. Sever Rohingya oppression took place in 2017 and 2018. More than one million Rohingya have migrated in Kutupalong-Balukhali, and Nayapara refugee camps, respectively, in Ukhia, and Teknaaf of Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh. This article deals with the origin of Rohingyas and their citizenship in the Rakhine State of Myanmar.
Secularism and Religious Nationalism: A Historical Study of Ethnic Conflict in Myanmar
Authors: Thang Ram Hlei 
Published: August 2019

Myanmar, also known as Burma, has been plagued by ethnic conflict and civil war for decades since its independence in 1948. Applying historical method, this study examines the relationship between the issue of secularism and ethnic conflict in the country by focusing on the rise of religious nationalisms. This study finds that the rise of Buddhist nationalism among Burmese majority, as well as the rise of Christian nationalism among minority ethnics-have challenged peaceful coexistence and vision of a secular state as aspirated by Burmese founding fathers. This study argues that this failure to adopt the principles of secularism was the root cause of ethnic conflict that has raged the country for over six decades.
A Relation Shaped by Geopolitical Ambitions: The United States and Cambodia during the Cold War
Authors: Neak Vibol 
Published: August 2019

The diplomatic relation between the United States and Cambodia began during the Cold War, before Cambodia achieved independence from France in 1953. This article examines the political constellation between the two states during the Cold War. The United States had been an ally and a firm supporter of Cambodia at certain times, while also being controversial enemies in other moments. The relationship worsened during the Cold War, and the two countries had gone from allies to enemies. It could be argued that the relationship deteriorated due to several reasons: the US’ foreign policy, which was crafted to contain communism, Cambodia’s failure to be truly neutral as it was often biased to the communist bloc, and the impact of third-party states.
Remediation and Counter-Hegemony of Gender Dichotomy in Indonesian Family: Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Two Kecap Advertisements
Authors: Adiprasetio Justito , Larasati Annissa Winda 
Published: August 2019

Until now hegemonic gender dichotomyin Indonesia has worked in various spheres of human life, in various social roles, even in the smallest unitof social organizations: family. The dichotomy was caused by the ideology of "State Ibuism" which was disciplined during the New Order era between 1965 and 1998, where women would play the role of mothers as a subject of private work, serving various domestic needs of the family, while men play the right role conversely. Discipline works through various media formalized through the Marriage Act 1974, which explains the role of men and women in a married relationshipand Panca Dharma Wanita principles, which lays the foundation of theideal women. These ideals remained entrenched even after the New Order regime’s fall. Kecap ABC advertisements attempt to counter the hegemony over gender dichotomy and patriarchal division of work roles. This article uses Kress and Van Leeuwen’s multimodal discourse analysis to show how an attempt to counter ideologies wasmadeto be remediated through the modalities contained in these advertisements. This research elaborates on how these advertisements represent women as superior in terms of dealing with exploitation that occurs in a family, and shows how the renegotiation of domestic work is possible. This research also elaborates how the male body as a mediator of masculinity is actively mediated through modalities such as speech, gestures and moving images, by showing how men can also do domestic work.
Editorial Foreword
Authors: Deng Jianbang 
Published: August 2019

IKAT is a journal cited for Southeast East Asian Studies, and it is also a journal that is based in one of the Southeast Asian countries, in the country of Indonesia. For a long 􏰀me, we understand social forma􏰀on and social changes from socie􏰀es in Southeast Asia relying heavily on journals in the western world. For this reason, it was very welcoming to see that the Center for Southeast Asian Social Studies (CESASS) at the Universitas Gadjah Mada ini􏰀ated an academic journal, taking efforts to contribute the knowledge produc􏰀on of social sciences in Indonesia and beyond. This year the IKAT already celebrated its second birthday.
ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND GLUCOSE LEVEL OF BREADFRUIT LEAVES FUNCTIONAL DRINKS TREATED WITH DIFFERENT RATIO OF SWEETENERS
Authors: Devi Mazarina , Wibowotomo Budi , Soekopitojo Soenar 
Published: August 2019

Efforts to lower blood sugar levels for diabetes mellitus patients can take by consuming a popular functional drinks which has been added by herbal ingredients such as breadfruit leaves. The aim of this research is to observe the effect of addition three-types of sweetener (aspartame, acesulfam k, and sorbitol) in different ratio (50%: 25%: 25%, 25%: 50%: 25%, 25%: 25%: 50%) to the antioxidant capacity and glucose level of functional drinks made from breadfruit leaves, as well as its number of calories and variety sensory tests (sour taste, sweetness and texture). The experimental design used a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. This study also employs 35 panellists to produce organoleptic quality data in two repetitions. All collected data were then analyzed using ANOVA test followed by DMRT test. Results showed that the highest antioxidant capacity was obtained by ratio 25%: 25%: 50% of aspartame, acesulfam k, and sorbitol with IC50 value of 64,717 ppm. Meanwhile the lowest glucose level was resulted by ratio 50%: 25%: 25% of aspartame, acesulfam k, and sorbitol in value of 25.53 g/100g. The highest number of calorie was produced by ratio 25%: 25%: 50% of aspartame, acesulfam k, and sorbitol with a value of 126.44 cal. / 100gr. Whereas, the most preferred formulas of breadfruit drink formulas are found in ratio 25%: 25%: 50% of aspartame, acesulfam k, and sorbitol.
Koulu kulttuuri-identiteetin tukijana
Authors: Laine Marja Helena 
Published: August 2019

Artikkelissa esitellään ja arvioidaan kulttuurisesti kestävän kasvatuksen sisältötavoitteita ja pedagogiikkaa valtakunnallisessa perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman (2014) yleisessä sekä oppiainekohtaisissa osuuksissa. Tavoitteita on eritelty kulttuurisesti kestävän kasvatuksen määritelmän ja siihen liitettyjen koulutus- ja kehitystarpeiden avulla (Laine, 2016a; 2017) sekä Julian Agyemanin oikeutetun kestävyyden teorian avulla (Agyeman, 2013). Tutkimus edustaa kvalitatiivista teoriasidonnaista sisällönanalyysiä, ja aineistona toimii tällä hetkellä voimassa oleva perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelma 2014. Artikkelissa osoitetaan, että kulttuurisesti kestävän kasvatuksen sisältötavoitteet ovat esillä perusopetuksen normatiivisessa ohjauksessa. Sen sijaan pedagogiikan näkökulmasta perusopetuksessa tulisi huomioida erityisesti rekognitio, kulttuurinen inkluusio ja kokonaisvaltainen näkemys kestävyydestä, jotta opetussuunnitelman perusteiden perusopetukselle asettama vaatimus opetuksen kulttuurisesta kestävyydestä toteutuisi.

Supporting Cultural Identity in School Context – Culturally Sustainable Objectives in the Finnish Curriculum
Abstract
In this article, the pedagogy and the objectives of culturally sustainable education included in the Finnish national core curriculum were explored. The objectives and the pedagogy in question were evaluated in the light of the definition of culturally sustainable education, and the educational and developmental needs linked to it (Laine, 2016; 2017) and by deploying Julian Agyemans’ theory of the just sustainabilities (Agyeman, 2013). In this qualitative study, the research data, i.e. the Finnish national core curriculum of 2014, was analysed by using the theory-oriented content analysis. The analysis showed that the objectives of culturally sustainable education are present in the normative guidance of education. On the other hand, from the pedagogical perspective, recognition, cultural inclusion and more comprehensive view on sustainability should be taken under stronger consideration. This way the national core curriculum’s claim of cultural sustainability could be achieved.
Keywords: national core curriculum, sustainability education, culturally sustainable education, culturally sustainable development, just sustainabilities
Quando professores do Ensino Fundamental elaboram situações-problema envolvendo as estruturas multiplicativas: que situações priorizar?
Authors: Perovano Ana Paula 
Published: August 2019

Neste texto, apresentamos um recorte dos dados do projeto de pesquisa intitulado “As estruturas multiplicativas e a formação de professores que ensinam Matemática na Bahia” (PEM). Nele, analisamos as situações-problema elaboradas por professores do Ensino Fundamental, que atuavam como supervisores do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). Para tratar das estruturas multiplicativas, pautamos nossas reflexões na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais. Desenvolvemos uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa de cunho descritivo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários e como resultados identificamos que o foco de trabalho desses professores recai nas situações de proporção simples, da classe um para muitos, e com a grandeza do tipo discreta, o que, a nosso ver, delimita a experiência dos alunos com os conceitos de multiplicação e divisão. Esperamos contribuir no sentido de trazer reflexões em relação ao ensino de tais conceitos.
Palavras-chave: Estrutura Multiplicativa. Anos Iniciais. Educação Matemática.
Um software para a análise do desenvolvimento do pensamento geométrico segundo o modelo de Van Hiele
Authors: Souza Matheus , Dias Marcelo 
Published: August 2019

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma monografia de licenciatura em Matemática em que buscou-se identificar níveis do pensamento geométrico dos estudantes da disciplina Fundamentos da Geometria, no Instituto do Noroeste Fluminense de Educação Superior. Os estudos partiram das prescrições curriculares previstas até o Ensino Médio e por meio da aplicação da teoria de Van Hiele, utilizando o software estruturado GeoRun para a identificação dos níveis dos pensamentos. A metodologia adotada foi a Engenharia Didática, para a qual foi realizada uma análise preliminar que traçou um perfil inicial da amostra, a análise a priori, experimentação, donde foi realizada uma sessão de ensino com um software de Geometria dinâmica e, por fim, a validação/análise a posteriori da qual foi realizada uma comparação dos resultados obtidos e a validação do estudo. Foi concluído que a intervenção pedagógica potencializou a compreensão da turma e houve uma evolução nesse reestudo dos conceitos das figuras geométricas.
Palavras-chave: Teoria de Van Hiele. Engenharia Didática. Ambiente computacional. Geometria.
Conhecimentos mobilizados por uma professora de Matemática de estudantes surdos
Authors: Teofilo Flavia , Traldi Júnior Armando 
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo são discutidos os conhecimentos mobilizados por uma professora de Matemática, a partir de uma Trajetória Hipotética de Aprendizagem (THA), para um grupo de estudantes surdos. O artigo tem como fundamentação teórica tanto as pesquisas sobre THA no ensino de Matemática em uma perspectiva construtivista, quanto as que tratam dos conhecimentos do professor. Os resultados indicam que a THA pode ser utilizada como instrumento para verificar os conhecimentos mobilizados pelos professores. Em relação ao professor de surdos, é possível afirmar que o conhecimento da cultura e das especificidades destes estudantes, dos recursos visuais, do pedagógico, do conteúdo específico e da língua de sinais articulada com a língua portuguesa são essenciais no processo de ensino.
Palavras-chave: Conhecimento do professor. Estudante surdo. Trajetória Hipotética de Aprendizagem. Educação Matemática.
Redes discursivas: animais, campo, Matemática escolar e contribuições metodológicas da análise de redes
Authors: Neto Vanessa , Guida Angela 
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo investiga dez livros didáticos de Matemática distribuídos entre os anos de 2013 a 2018 em escolas do campo no Brasil no âmbito do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático em sua versão para o Campo, o PNLD Campo. As análises tomam os Estudos Animais como mote para discutir as subjetividades produzidas neste contexto. As teorizações foucaultianas são adotadas para examinar as redes discursivas descritas e inquiridas a partir do uso de dois softwares de análise qualitativa e quantitativa, o Atlas TI e o Gephi. A articulação da teorização empregada com os softwares se ampara na análise do conceito conectado. Os resultados mostram que os animais são posicionados nesses materiais ora como dispositivo pedagógico, a fim de captar a atenção e engajamento dos estudantes em seus processos de ensino e de aprendizagem da Matemática escolar, ora os engajam em um processo de exploração de suas vidas para sustentar uma racionalidade que distribui, organiza e mantém políticas da vida e da morte.
Palavras-chave: Animais. Campo. Matemática Escolar. Análise de Redes.