bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of green pesticide production by valorization of husks from Croton megalocarpus tree nuts
Authors: Browning Shelby , Lawrence Tom , Joshi Chandni , Seay Jeffrey 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe focus of this research is to assess the composition and the yield of wood vinegar from Croton megalocarpus husks as a function of moisture content and pyrolysis temperature as well as optimize the recovery of wood vinegar and biochar from the waste husks. C. megalocarpus is a tree found across Sub‐Saharan Africa that produces a nut twice a year that is oil dense in composition but inedible to humans. Using the process of slow pyrolysis, the wasted croton nut husks can be used to produce pyroligneous acid, commonly called wood vinegar. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to construct an experimental plan for the laboratory analysis. These results showed that yields are a strong function of temperature, with maximum yields occurring at 450°C. It also became apparent that increasing the starting moisture content of the husks increased both the percent yield of vinegar as well as the amount of organic material extracted from the husks. Results from production testing in Kenya were also analyzed to draw parallels between wood vinegar extraction of laboratory settings and production scale extraction in underdeveloped regions. The vinegar products from both sets of experiments were mainly composed of water, accounting for about 95% of the total vinegar composition. The rest of the composition is acetic acid, methanol, and some portion of unidentified volatile components.
Application of qualitative and quantitative uncertainty assessment tools in developing ranges of plausible toxicity values for 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin
Authors: Wikoff Daniele , Haws Laurie , Ring Caroline , Budinsky Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIncreasing interest in characterizing risk assessment uncertainty is highlighted by recent recommendations from the National Academy of Sciences. In this paper we demonstrate the utility of applying qualitative and quantitative methods for assessing uncertainty to enhance risk‐based decision‐making for 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin. The approach involved deconstructing the reference dose (RfD) via evaluation of the different assumptions, options, models and methods associated with derivation of the value, culminating in the development of a plausible range of potential values based on such areas of uncertainty. The results demonstrate that overall RfD uncertainty was high based on limitations in the process for selection (e.g., compliance with inclusion criteria related to internal validity of the co‐critical studies, consistency with other studies), external validity (e.g., generalizing findings of acute, high‐dose exposure scenarios to the general population), and selection and classification of the point of departure using data from the individual studies (e.g., lack of statistical and clinical significance). Building on sensitivity analyses conducted by the US Environmental Protection Agency in 2012, the resulting estimates of RfD values that account for the uncertainties ranged from ~1.5 to 179 pg/kg/day. It is anticipated that the range of RfDs presented herein, along with the characterization of uncertainties, will improve risk assessments of dioxins and provide important information to risk managers, because reliance on a single toxicity value limits the information needed for making decisions and gives a false sense of precision and accuracy.
CDKN1B Val 109 Gly variant is not related to risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Zhu Lijie , Wang Jun , Yue Chuang , Yuan Wei , Zhang Wei , Shi Li , Mi Yuanyuan , Wu Xingyu , Zhang Li‐Feng , Zuo Li 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAssociation between CDKN1B gene Val 109 Gly polymorphism and prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility has been investigated in several studies but with inconsistent conclusions. We adopted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the correlation between CDKN1B Val 109 Gly variant and PCa susceptibility. Moreover, we used in‐silico tools to evaluate the relationship of CDKN1B expression and overall survival (OS) or disease free survival (DFS) time in PCa patients. The overall results demonstrated no association of the CDKN1B variant on PCa risk [allelic contrast (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.45 − 1.35, Pheterogeneity = 0.038); GV vs VV (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.56 − 1.25, Pheterogeneity = 0.253); GG vs VV (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.23 − 1.01, Pheterogeneity = 0.161); GG+GV vs VV (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.52 −1.08, Pheterogeneity = 0.132) and GG vs GV+VV (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.25 − 1.11, Pheterogeneity = 0.152)]. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity and source of control, we also identified similar results. In‐silico results showed that expression of CDKN1B was decreased in PCa tissue, especially in less advanced PCa (Gleason score = 6 or 7). No significant difference of OS or DFS time was indicated between the low and high expression of CDKN1B. Our present study showed evidence that CDKN1B Val 109 Gly variant is not related to PCa risk. Future studies with large sample size are needed to confirm this correlation in more details.
Investigation of association between LINC00673 rs11655237 C>T and Wilms tumor susceptibility
Authors: Gao Xiaofeng , Jia Wei , Zhu Jinhong , Fu Wen , Zhu Shibo , Xia Huimin , He Jing , Liu Guochang 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundWilms tumor (WT) is the most common pediatric renal malignancy. Previous genome‐wide association studies have identified that the LINC00673 rs11655237 C>T polymorphism is associated with the risk of several types of cancer. However, few studies have investigated the association between LINC00673 rs11655237 C>T and WT susceptibility.MethodWe genotyped LINC00673 rs11655237 C>T in 145 patients with WT and 531 cancer‐free controls recruited from southern Chinese children. The strength of association was estimated by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOur study indicated that there was no significant association between LINC00673 rs11655237 C>T polymorphism and WT risk under all the tested genetic models (CT vs CC: adjusted OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.63‐1.40; TT vs CC: adjusted OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.22‐1.59; TT/CT vs CC: adjusted OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.61‐1.31; and TT vs CC/CT: adjusted OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.23‐1.61). Further stratified analysis detected no significant association, either.ConclusionIn conclusion, we failed to find any association between the LINC00673 rs11655237 C>T polymorphism and WT risk. This finding needs to be verified in larger studies and other populations.
Diversity and function of the microbial community under strong selective pressure of rotifers
Authors: Fiałkowska Edyta , Klimek Beata , Marchlewicz Ariel , Kocerba‐Soroka Wioleta , Starzycka Joanna , Walczyńska Aleksandra , Pajdak‐Stós Agnieszka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe unearthed some interesting microecological discoveries while selecting for the most beneficial bacterial strains to be used as probiotics in Lecane inermis rotifer mass culture. For 3 years, we maintained the cultures of L. inermis, with selection for the highest growth rate and resistance to potential contamination. Then, we conducted further selection and isolation in two groups: rotifers inoculated with the bacterial consortium isolated from the rotifer cultures, and rotifers fed with a commercial bioproduct. Selection was conducted in demanding conditions, with particulate matter suspended in spring water as a substrate, without aeration and under strong consumer pressure, and led to selection of two cultivable strains isolated from the optimal rotifers culture. According to molecular analysis, these strains were Aeromonas veronii and Pseudomonas mosselii. Biolog® ECO plate tests showed that both investigated bacterial communities metabolized wide but similar range of substrates. Therefore, intensely selective conditions led to considerable reduction in bacterial community regarding taxonomy, but not in metabolic activity, showing a functional composition decoupling. Aside from this result, our novel selection method dedicated to the sustainable culture of two trophic levels, a directed selection procedure (DSC), could potentially lead to the development of biotechnologically valuable strains with high metabolic activity and the ability to metabolize different sorts of substrate without harmful impact on higher trophic levels.
Natural 4‐year periodontal progression of mandibular first molars in Chinese villagers based on radiographic records
Authors: Pei Xiyan , Ouyang Xiangying , Luan Qingxian , Suda Reiko , Cao Caifang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo report 4‐year natural periodontal progression of mandibular first molars based on radiographic records in 15 to 44‐year‐old Chinese villagers.MethodsIn 1992 (N = 486) and 1996 (N = 413), panoramic radiographs were recorded. Tooth loss of mandibular first molars was calculated. Relative bone height (RBH), intrabony defect (IBD) depth, and furcation involvement (FI) were measured on 918 and 755 mandibular first molars in 1992 and 1996, respectively. The progression of the three parameters and their relationship with widened periodontal ligament space (WPDL) were analyzed.ResultsIn 1992, of 31 lost mandibular first molars, 29 belonged to the 35‐ to 44‐year age group. At 4‐year follow‐up, five of eight lost teeth belonged to the 35‐ to 44‐year age group. RBH decreased from 83% in 1992 to 77% in 1996. RBH progression was significantly faster in the 25‐ to 34‐ and 35‐ to 44‐year age groups than in the 15‐ to 24‐year age group. The mean IBD depth was 2.81 ± 0.55 mm (n = 32) in 1992 and 3.70 ± 0.73 mm (n = 33) in 1996. Prevalence of FI increased from 20.8% to 27.4%. Teeth with WPDL showed greater RBH and IBD progression than those without WPDL (RBH: 12% ± 1% versus 6% ± 0.01%, P < 0.001; IBD depth: 0.31 ± 0.08 versus 0.01 ± 0.00 mm, P <0.001). FI‐area progression in teeth with WPDL showed a trend of greater expansion than in those without WPDL (0.92 ± 0.18 versus 0.56 ± 0.11 mm2, P = 0.051).ConclusionsTooth loss mainly occurred in the 35‐ to 44‐year age group. RBH progression was faster in the 25‐ to 44‐year age group. WPDL was associated with progression of RBH, IBDs, and FI.
Virginia‐based periodontists’ perceptions: Current and future trends of the specialty
Authors: White John H. , Carrico Caroline K. , Lanning Sharon K. , Waldrop Thomas C. , Sabatini Robert , Richardson Christopher R. , Golob Deeb Janina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this survey was threefold: (1) describe the demographics of periodontists and their practices in Virginia; (2) explore periodontists’ perceptions of the impact that changes in the field of dentistry (i.e. increasing corporate dentistry, graduate debt, digitalization, and volume of periodontal procedures done by general practitioners [GPs]) are having on the specialty; (3) explore how periodontists might adjust their practices to account for these trends.MethodsAn electronic survey was emailed to Virginia‐based American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) members assessing personal and practice demographics, trends in treatment modalities and practice models, and to survey how periodontists plan to adapt their practices for these trends. Virginia has large urban, suburban and rural municipalities, which renders the state a favorable representation of the United States as a whole.ResultsThe response rate was 31% (n = 46). Most respondents (87%) were male and practiced full‐time (70%). Respondents reported practicing predominantly in urban (n = 19, 41%) and suburban (n = 24, 52%) and less in rural areas (n = 3, 7%). In current practice, respondents reported greater numbers of referrals from more experienced GPs. Student debt after periodontal residency was significantly associated with age (P value = 0.0002), with 56% of respondents aged <40 years reporting student loans >$250,000 compared with 3% for those aged ≥40 years. Respondents ranked biologic advances, treatment of peri‐implantitis, advances in digital dentistry, development of corporate and group practice models, and integration of more periodontal services in GP practices as the most likely trends to impact periodontal practices. The most commonly reported practice adjustments included expansion of existing services, increasing the number of periodontists in the practice, and joining with other specialists or GPs to create group practices.ConclusionPeriodontists perceive the need to expand services, increase the number of providers in their practices or create group practices to account for increased corporate dentistry, graduate debt, digitalization, and volume of periodontal procedures performed by GPs.
In Vitro and In Vivo Removal Efficacies of a Formulated Pumpkin Seed Oil Makeup Remover
Authors: Setsiripakdee Anussara , Lourith Nattaya , Kanlayavattanakul Mayuree 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPumpkin seed oil is well known for its health benefits due to its high content of fatty acid constituents and tocopherols. The removal efficacy of pumpkin seed oil was assessed using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The oil was able to remove 79.92 ± 0.07%, 41.02 ± 0.25%, and 23.54 ± 0.19% of foundation and liquid and pen eyeliners. A stable makeup remover was formulated using 5–15% pumpkin seed oil. Addition of pumpkin seed oil significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced removal ability of the base remover. The remover containing 5% pumpkin seed oil was able to remove 89.27 ± 0.02%, 67.72 ± 0.08%, and 41.25 ± 0.07% of foundation, liquid, and pen eyeliners, respectively, while those of the remover containing 10% pumpkin seed oil were 78.24 ± 0.02%, 66.88 ± 0.05%, and 38.43 ± 0.05%, and those of the remover containing 15% pumpkin seed oil were 84.41 ± 0.01%, 69.79 ± 0.12%, and 41.88 ± 0.04%, respectively. On the other hand, removal efficiencies of the benchmark were 91.20 ± 0.03%, 73.46 ± 0.10%, and 54.00 ± 0.07%, respectively. The removers containing pumpkin seed oil did not cause skin irritation as monitored by a single closed‐patch test in 10 female volunteers. The remover containing 5% pumpkin seed oil was further preference studied in 25 female volunteers in a comparison with the benchmark. The pumpkin seed oil remover gained a better overall preference over the benchmark (82.29 ± 4.17% and 80.20 ± 8.64%; P = 0.287). Of which, skin hydration of the developed bio‐oil remover was significantly (P < 0.001) satisfied.
Effect of intratumor heterogeneity on BED for hypofractionated dose regimens
Authors: Kuperman V.Y. 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate changes in biologically effective dose (BED) in the targeted tumor due to varying number of treatment fractions in the case when alpha and beta radiosensitivities of malignant cells are heterogeneous.MethodsThe approach used in the current study relies on the linear–quadratic (LQ) model. Within the framework of this model, we consider changes in the biologically effective dose in the treatment target () caused by varying number of fractions under the condition of fixed BED in the affected normal tissue ().ResultsIn this study, we analytically derive the necessary and sufficient condition which ensures that, compared to standard fractionation, hypofractionation increases in the case of heterogeneous radiosensitivities in the treatment target. We also derive expression for dose per fraction which maximizes . In addition, variations in with number of fractions were determined numerically for several clinical cases by using spinal cord as an example of serial organ at risk (OAR).ConclusionsThe results from this study demonstrate that intratumor heterogeneity influences radiobiological properties of different fractionation regimens as follows: (a) variations in caused by varying number of fractions can be nonmonotonical and (b) there exist optimum dose per fraction and number of fractions which maximize under the condition of fixed biologically effective dose in the affected OAR.
Trendbericht Biochemie: Einleitung
Authors: Beck‐Sickinger Annette 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeptidtherapeutika und ihre Rolle in der Behandlung und Diagnostik von Tumorerkrankungen; G‐Protein‐gekoppelte Rezeptoren – ihre Struktur und Funktionsweise; Mini‐Organe aus Stammzellen; Kopplung elektrochemischer und biologischer Systeme für Synthesen und zur Stromerzeugung.
Chemiedidaktik ‐ Sommer, Sonne, Titandioxid
Authors: Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia , Zeller Diana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSonnencremes enthalten eine Mischung organischer und anorganischer Filter, die eine möglichst große Bandbreite an UV‐Strahlung absorbieren. Wie das funktioniert, können Schüler mit einer UV‐Taschenlampe, einer Wärmebildkamera und Alltagsmaterialien wie Kunststofffolien oder Textmarkern erkunden. Eine Versuchsreihe nicht nur vor dem Freibadbesuch.
Sieh mal, seltene Erden
Authors: Kunkel Nathalie , Clemens Oliver , Suta Markus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeltenerdelemente finden sich nicht nur in Wohnungs‐, Automobil‐ oder Stadionbeleuchtung, sondern auch im Glasfasernetz für unsere Telekommunikation, in Detektoren für die medizinische Bildgebung sowie als kontaktlose und empfindliche Thermometer.
Trendbericht Biochemie Teil 5: Biochemie unter Strom
Authors: Harnisch Falk 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeptidtherapeutika und ihre Rolle in der Behandlung und Diagnostik von Tumorerkrankungen; G‐Protein‐gekoppelte Rezeptoren – ihre Struktur und Funktionsweise; Mini‐Organe aus Stammzellen; Kopplung elektrochemischer und biologischer Systeme für Synthesen und zur Stromerzeugung.
¿Ahora qué?: Cultural Adaptation of a Cancer Survivorship Intervention for Latino/a Cancer Survivors
Authors: Valle Carmina G. , Padilla Neda , Gellin Mindy , Manning Michelle , Reuland Daniel S. , Rios Peggy , Lane Gema , Lewis Virginia , Rosenstein Donald L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveWith a steadily increasing number of Latino/a cancer survivors, there is a need for supportive care programs for this underserved survivor subgroup.MethodsIn this study, the authors culturally adapted an evidence‐based survivorship program, Cancer Transitions: Moving Beyond Treatment (CT) for this population. Guided by Barrera and Castro's heuristic model for cultural adaptation of interventions, we conducted five focus groups (FG) among Latino/a cancer survivors (n = 54) in several US sites to inform the preliminary adaptation of program materials. We conducted four additional FGs (n = 38) to obtain feedback on adapted materials.ResultsCommon themes from initial FGs were related to program delivery and logistics, and general recommendations for CT modification. Program adaptations addressed information needs, including health care system navigation, employment concerns, and sexuality. Other adaptations included an emphasis on family, spirituality, culturally appropriate translation and features, and role plays. Participants in the second round of FGs confirmed adaptations incorporated earlier findings and suggested additional refinements.ConclusionThis project helps guide the cultural adaptation of survivorship programs for Latino/a cancer survivors.
Study on Thermal Characteristics of TNT Based Melt‐Cast Explosives
Authors: Li Jin‐Shuh , Chen Jian‐Jing , Hwang Chyi‐Ching , Lu Kai‐Tai , Yeh Tsao‐Fa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFour series of TNT based melt cast explosives were prepared by mixing RDX, CL‐20, FOX‐7, and TKX‐50 with TNT in different mass ratios. The compatibility of these composition explosives was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) according to the STANAG 4147 standard. Furthermore, the DSC and TGA data were also used to calculate the activation energies by the Kissinger and Ozawa methods. The experimental results indicated that the TNT/FOX‐7 composition explosives had good compatibility, whereas the TNT/CL‐20 composition explosives had poor compatibility. The TNT/RDX and TNT/TKX‐50 composition explosives at the mass ratios of 50 : 50, 40 : 60, 30 : 70, 20 : 80 and 10 : 90 had good compatibility. Furthermore, the decomposition activation energy of TNT/FOX‐7 composition explosives increased with increasing FOX‐7 content. Under the compatible condition, the decomposition activation energy of TNT/RDX composition explosives also increased with increasing RDX content, but the decomposition activation energy of TNT/TKX‐50 composition explosives decreased with increasing TKX‐50 content.
Study of Influence of Free Radical Species on Antioxidant Activity of Selected 1,2,4‐Triazole‐3‐thiones
Authors: Đorović Jelena , Milenković Dejan , Joksović Ljubinka , Joksović Milan , Marković Zoran 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe free radical scavenging potency of four 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione compounds towards ten chosen radicals was investigated. The thermodynamic parameters, Gibbs free energies of reactions and reaction enthalpies, were used to determine the most probable mechanism of action. The results indicated that the favourable mechanism of antiradical action was dependent both on the polarity of solvents and a nature of free radical species. The results suggested that Sequential Proton Loss Electron Transfer (SPLET) is the most probable for reaction in benzene, while Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) was favorized for reaction occurring in methanol. The constant competition between these mechanisms of antioxidative action was present. The molecular docking study, obtained for parent molecules of chosen 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiones compounds and their corresponding anionic species, showed their inhibitory nature against histidine kinase inhibitor Sda. Except in the case of compound 4 a, all the anionic species (4 d‐4 h) showed the lower inhibition constants, indicating better inhibition potency of Sda, than corresponding parent molecules.
Quantum dots from microfluidics for nanomedical application
Authors: Bian Feika , Sun Lingyu , Cai Lijun , Wang Yu , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNanomedicine, with its advantages of rapid diagnosis, high sensitivity and high accuracy, has aroused extensive interest of researchers, as the cornerstone of nanomedicine, nanomaterials achieve extra attention and rapid development. Among nanomaterials, quantum dots stand out due to their long fluorescence lifetime and excellent antiphotobleaching performance. At present, quantum dots have been applied to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and various strategies have been presented to fabricate quantum dots. Microfluidic is one promising strategy since microfluidic device can provide an effective platform for the diagnosis of trace disease markers. In this paper, research progress in the microfluidic synthesis of quantum dots and quantum dot‐based nanomedical application is discussed. The classification of quantum dots is firstly introduced, and the researches on quantum dots synthesis based on microfluidic is then mainly described, including the sort, design, preparation of microfluidic synthesis device and its application in synthesis. Nanomedical applications of the quantum dots is especially described and emphasized. The prospects for future development of quantum dots from microfluidic for nanomedical application are finally presented.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > in vitro Nanoparticle‐Based Sensing