bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunopurification of Human Coagulation Factor IX Using Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Bessos Hagop , Prowse Christopher V 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis study examines the suitability of four recently characterised monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for the immunoaffinity purification of human coagulation factor IX (FIX) from plasma concentrates. Initial studies using 125I-FIX indicated that appreciable amounts of bound FIX could be eluted from immobilised MAbs with 0.2 M glycine, 50% ethanediol pH 10 (buffer N). Further studies with FIX concentrates showed that buffer N eluted FIX without compromising the activity of the zymogen. Although FIX was eluted from all four MAbs with this buffer, the best yield (82%) was obtained with MAb ESN-3. ESN-3 bound 40 to 60 iu FIX per mg MAb when immobilised on Sepharose 4B. After washing, column elution with buffer N yielded FIX at 100-200 iu/mg. The purity of the product was confirmed by sodium-dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and by Western blotting. The product contained no detectable mouse IgG (<3%) and <1% FII, X, or protein C.
Gibt es Unterschiede von Lebensqualität und funktioneller Gesundheit zwischen der Kombination eines Leistungslasers mit Manueller Therapie im Vergleich zu Ultraschall mit Manueller Therapie?
Authors: Best Norman , Loppar Ariane , Derlien Steffen , Bocker Barbara , Aurich Matthias 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Nachweis von Wirkunterschieden von Ultraschall bzw. Leistungslaser in Kombination mit Manueller Therapie auf die Lebensqualität bei LWS- und Schulterpatienten.
Methodik 2×20 Patienten mit LWS- bzw. Schulterbeschwerden wurden randomisiert in ein Parallel-Design eingeschlossen. Nach 2 Wochen Wash-Out-Phase erfolgte die Behandlung mit Ultraschall bzw. Laser und Manueller Therapie über 2 Wochen mit insgesamt 6 Behandlungsterminen. Ein Follow-up von 4 Wochen wurde ebenfalls in die Untersuchung einbezogen. An 4 Messzeitpunkten wurden SF-36, EQ-5D, DASH bzw. FFbH-R ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Besserungen sämtlicher Assessmentscores im Studienzeitraum. Kein Unterschied zwischen Regionen und Anwendungen.
Schlussfolgerung Laser und Ultraschall in Kombination mit Manueller Therapie führten bei der Studienpopulation zur Besserung der Assessmentscores.
Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren: Aktuelle Indikationen und mögliche zukünftige Konzepte
Authors: Schlaak Max , Baues Christian , Trommer-Nestler Maike , Berking Carola , Belka Claus , Theurich Sebastian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImmuno-oncological therapy concepts have already achieved great success in the treatment of a number of advanced malignancies, thereby rapidly gaining access to clinical practice. Immuncheckpoint inhibitors are also being reviewed in the adjuvant setting. In malignant melanoma, they have already shown efficacy. Different combination strategies of Immuncheckpoint inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical evaluation to further improve treatment outcomes. However, this has so far also been associated with a significantly increased immune-mediated rate of side effects. Effective and safe immuno-oncology requires good clinical management of immune-mediated side effects. Radiological assessment is challenging under immunotherapy and requires new standards (iRECIST). Encouraging is the fact that immunotherapy also causes long-term remissions in some of the patients. This raises the hope for a fundamentally curative potential of immuno-oncological therapeutic approaches.
Policy change and the narratives of Russia’s think tanks
Authors: Bacon Edwin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRussia’s ruling regime, dominated by Vladimir Putin since he first became president in 2000, is often seen as presenting a consistent and coherent narrative and allowing little space for plurality of opinions. While it is the case that at the level of metanarrative, a consistent official story of a Russia resurgent both domestically and internationally has been told, analysis of the work of think tanks within the purview of Russia’s political leadership reveals that conflicting narratives remain at play within the regime’s political tent. Analysis of a decade of think tank activity shows that the Medvedev presidency (2008–2012) saw the rise and then decline of the liberal INSOR think tank, while the most prominent think tank in Putin’s third term as president (2012–2018) was the anti-liberal Izborskii Club, which followed a similar pattern of waxing and waning prominence. From the point of view of Russia’s leadership, the existence of these think tanks has a functionalist explanation, allowing what is essentially a non-ideological regime to engage with and adopt different positions according to its proximate requirements. Such a functionalist approach runs the risk of undermining the coherence and persuasiveness of the regime’s narrative(s). From the point of view of the political science classification of the extant Russian regime, Russia’s post-Soviet ‘transition’ remains to be resolved in terms of its chosen course even a quarter of a century on from the collapse of Communism.
The variable use of determiners in Old French and the argument DP hypothesis
Authors: Dufresne Monique , Tremblay Mireille , Déchaine Rose-Marie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTheargument DP hypothesis, adopted by many syntactic analyses, claims that nominal arguments are introduced by a determiner (D), which may be covert or overt. While overt D is obligatory in Modern French (consistent with the argument DP hypothesis), it was not obligatory in earlier stages of French. We explore the factors that contributed to this change – includingsemantic class, syntactic function, number, anddefiniteness – focusing on a shift that occurred in the D-paradigm in two Anglo-Norman texts of the 12th century. Quantitative analysis (Goldvarb) yields two major findings. First, the effect ofsyntactic functionremains constant: subject position favours overt D, but object position inhibits it. Second, there is a change in the effect ofsemantic class: count nouns increasingly favour overt D, but non-count (mass and abstract) nouns increasingly inhibit it. More generally, the gradual disappearance of bare Ns in French reflects the emergence of paradigmatically conditioned D.
Merging verb cluster variation
Authors: Barbiers Sjef , Bennis Hans , Dros-Hendriks Lotte 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper we argue that verb clusters in Dutch varieties are merged and linearized in fully ascending (1-2-3) or fully descending (3-2-1) orders. We argue that verb clusters that deviate from these orders involve non-verbal material: adjectival participles, or nominal infinitives. As a result, our approach does not involve any unmotivated movements that are specific for verb clusters.Support for our analysis comes from (i) the interpretation of verb clusters; (ii) the fact that order variation depends on the types of verbs involved, which can be explained by selectional requirements of the verbs; and (iii) the geographic co-occurrence patterns of various orders. First, the 1-3-2 and 3-1-2 orders are argued to be ascending orders with a non-verbal 3. Indeed these orders occur in grammars that have ascending, rather than descending, verb clusters. Secondly, the 1-3-2 order is argued to be an interrupted V1-V2 cluster with a non-verbal 3. Indeed, this order is most common in the region where non-verbal material can interrupt the verb cluster.Our analysis of word order variation in verb clusters in terms of principles of grammar is further supported by an experiment in which we asked a large number of speakers distributed over the Dutch language area to rank all logically possible orders, including orders that are not common in their own variety of Dutch. The results demonstrate that speakers apply their syntactic knowledge to rank verb cluster orders that they do not use themselves. We argue that this knowledge cannot be due to familiarity with the various orders.
Not all subjects are agents
Authors: Scott Rose M. , Gertner Yael , Fisher Cynthia 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Children use syntax to guide sentence comprehension and verb learning. We explored the nature of the meanings children infer from syntactic evidence by examining the types of event-roles they can link with the subjects and objects of transitive verbs. In two experiments, 23-month-olds heard a novel verb in a transitive sentence while viewing pairs of events in which one participant acted on another without producing a clear effect (Experiment 1) or one participant moved relative to another without contacting it (Experiment 2). In both cases, children looked longer at the event in which the subject referent played a more prominent role. These findings suggest that children map a highly abstract conceptual-semantic asymmetry onto the syntactic difference between subjects and objects.
Overt, covert, and clandestine operations
Authors: Syrett Kristen 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
One of the major challenges on the path to becoming an adult speaker arises from ambiguous sentences – sentences that are in principle compatible with multiple interpretations. In this chapter, I review experimental evidence from a series of studies run with children age four to six years, focusing on three cases of sentential ambiguity. The first is the case of ambiguity of question-answer relations arising from the interaction of wh-phrases and universal quantifiers. The second is ambiguity resulting from covert movement of a quantificational phrase yielding different interpretations of verb phrase ellipsis. The third is the interpretation of comparative constructions involving pronominal reference. In each instance, a successful interpretation depends on one or more successful abstract syntactic-semantic operations, for which the child must deploy special forces. But as history tells us with such operations outside of the grammar, not every operation is a success, and failures (in this case, retrieval of a non-target interpretation, or the generation of interpretations beyond the target one), can either indicate the child’s developing linguistic capacity or the extent to which the range of possibilities presented by the adult grammar may have been underestimated.
The acquisition path of near-reflexivity
Authors: Brunetto Valentina , Roeper Thomas 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Classical statue sentences (‘Ringo hit himself’ meaning ‘Ringo hit his statue’) are a long-standing puzzle for binding theories. We enrich the Partition theory (Schwarzschild, 1996) to allow semantic partitions (based on contextual contrasts) to explain acquisition experiments. The semantic partitions, in turn, correspond to a syntactic analysis of bimorphemic versus monomorphic reflexives. Only morphologically complex anaphors allow near-reflexive reference to a statue. Two experiments on the acquisition of near-reflexivity in Italian and English show that this innate interface is present very early. Results from yes/no questions-after-stories given to children 4;0–6;0 years (Italian: N = 29; English: N = 36) and adult controls (Italian: N = 30; English: N = 72) supported our prediction: English children allowed near-reflexivity with herself, Italian children blocked near-reflexivity with se.
The natural enemies of privets (
Ligustrum
: Oleaceae): a literature review, with particular reference to biological control.
Authors: Shaw R. H. , Cock M. J. W. , Evans H. C. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

The arthropod and fungal natural enemies of privets (
Ligustrum
spp., Oleaceae) are listed, based on the data from taxonomic and nomenclatural websites, printed and electronic literature searches, including CAB Abstracts. Initially, the lists were compiled to identify and assess those natural enemies occurring on
Ligustrum robustum
in its indigenous Asian range as part of a classical biological control programme for the island of La Reunion, where this privet species has become a problematic invasive alien weed. However, because other species of
Ligustrum
are also posing invasive problems in other parts of the world, wherever they have been introduced, the lists have been expanded to cover all species in the genus. These records of natural enemies of
Ligustrum
, together with the distribution data, should enable those involved with the issues of invasive privets to assess the potential of classical biological control as an option for their management. As a further aid, an overview of those natural enemies considered to have the highest potential as classical biological control agents for
L. robustum
is included.
Scientists’ Reuse of Old Empirical Data: Epistemological Aspects
Authors: McAllister James W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article investigates epistemological aspects of scientists’ reuse of empirical data over decades and centuries. Giving examples, I discuss three respects in which empirical data are historical entities and the implications for the notion of data reuse. First, any data reuse necessitates metadata, which specify the data’s circumstances of origin. Second, interpretation of historical data often requires the tools of humanities disciplines, which produce a further historicization of data. Finally, some qualitative social scientists hold that data are personal to the researcher who coconstructs them in the research process and are therefore skeptical about the prospects of reusing data.
Simplicity and Simplification in Astrophysical Modeling
Authors: Anderl Sibylle 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWith the ever-growing quality of observational data in astronomy, the complexity of astrophysical models has been increasing in turn. This trend raises the question: Are there still reasons to prefer simpler models if the final goal is an actual model-target comparison? I argue for two aspects in which astrophysical research may favor models having reduced complexity: first, to address the problem of determining the values of adjustable parameters and, second, to pave the way for a validation of the model based on the modeler’s understanding of the scope of the model and the critical processes on the target’s side.
Comparative assessment of different familial aggregation methods in the context of large and unstructured pedigrees
Authors: Weichenberger Christian X , Rainer Johannes , Pattaro Cristian , Pramstaller Peter P , Domingues Francisco S 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMotivationFamilial aggregation analysis is an important early step for characterizing the genetic determinants of phenotypes in epidemiological studies. To facilitate this analysis, a collection of methods to detect familial aggregation in large pedigrees has been made available recently. However, efficacy of these methods in real world scenarios remains largely unknown. Here, we assess the performance of five aggregation methods to identify individuals or groups of related individuals affected by a Mendelian trait within a large set of decoys. We investigate method performance under a representative set of combinations of causal variant penetrance, trait prevalence and number of affected generations in the pedigree. These methods are then applied to assess familial aggregation of familial hypercholesterolemia and stroke, in the context of the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study.ResultsWe find that in some situations statistical hypothesis testing with a binomial null distribution achieves performance similar to methods that are based on kinship information, while kinship based methods perform better when information is available on fewer generations. Potential case families from the CHRIS study are reported and the results are discussed taking into account insights from the performance assessment.Availability and implementationThe familial aggregation analysis package is freely available at the Bioconductor repository, http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/FamAgg.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SMSSVD: SubMatrix Selection Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Henningsson Rasmus , Fontes Magnus 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Motivation
High throughput biomedical measurements normally capture multiple overlaid biologically relevant signals and often also signals representing different types of technical artefacts like e.g. batch effects. Signal identification and decomposition are accordingly main objectives in statistical biomedical modeling and data analysis. Existing methods, aimed at signal reconstruction and deconvolution, in general, are either supervised, contain parameters that need to be estimated or present other types of ad hoc features. We here introduce SubMatrix Selection Singular Value Decomposition (SMSSVD), a parameter-free unsupervised signal decomposition and dimension reduction method, designed to reduce noise, adaptively for each low-rank-signal in a given data matrix, and represent the signals in the data in a way that enable unbiased exploratory analysis and reconstruction of multiple overlaid signals, including identifying groups of variables that drive different signals.

Results
The SMSSVD method produces a denoised signal decomposition from a given data matrix. It also guarantees orthogonality between signal components in a straightforward manner and it is designed to make automation possible. We illustrate SMSSVD by applying it to several real and synthetic datasets and compare its performance to golden standard methods like PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and SPC (Sparse Principal Components, using Lasso constraints). The SMSSVD is computationally efficient and despite being a parameter-free method, in general, outperforms existing statistical learning methods.

Availability and implementation
A Julia implementation of SMSSVD is openly available on GitHub (https://github.com/rasmushenningsson/SubMatrixSelectionSVD.jl).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SPUTNIK: an R package for filtering of spatially related peaks in mass spectrometry imaging data
Authors: Inglese Paolo , Correia Gonçalo , Takats Zoltan , Nicholson Jeremy K , Glen Robert C 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Summary
SPUTNIK is an R package consisting of a series of tools to filter mass spectrometry imaging peaks characterized by a noisy or unlikely spatial distribution. SPUTNIK can produce mass spectrometry imaging datasets characterized by a smaller but more informative set of peaks, reduce the complexity of subsequent multi-variate analysis and increase the interpretability of the statistical results.

Availability and implementation
SPUTNIK is freely available online from CRAN repository and at https://github.com/paoloinglese/SPUTNIK. The package is distributed under the GNU General Public License version 3 and is accompanied by example files and data.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
GECO: gene expression correlation analysis after genetic algorithm-driven deconvolution
Authors: Najafov Jamil , Najafov Ayaz 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Large-scale gene expression analysis is a valuable asset for data-driven hypothesis generation. However, the convoluted nature of large expression datasets often hinders extraction of meaningful biological information.

Results
To this end, we developed GECO, a gene expression correlation analysis software that uses a genetic algorithm-driven approach to deconvolute complex expression datasets into two subpopulations that display positive and negative correlations between a pair of queried genes. GECO’s mutational enrichment and pairwise drug sensitivity analyses functions that follow the deconvolution step may help to identify the mutational factors that drive the gene expression correlation in the generated subpopulations and their differential drug vulnerabilities. Finally, GECO’s drug sensitivity screen function can be used to identify drugs that differentially affect the subpopulations.

Availability and implementation
http://www.proteinguru.com/geco/ and http://www.proteinguru.com/geco/codes/

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Comparison of Tobacco and Electronic Cigarette Reward Value Measured During a Cue-Reactivity Task: An Extension of the Choice Behavior Under Cued Conditions Procedure
Authors: Dowd Ashley N , Tiffany Stephen T 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Up to 24% of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users are concurrent users of both tobacco and e-cigarettes (dual users). Dual users provide an opportunity to assess key motivational processes supporting e-cigarette use, such as the reward value of e-cigarettes. This study used the Choice Behavior Under Cued Conditions procedure to examine cue-specific reactions to tobacco and e-cigarettes with a primary focus on evaluating the relative reward value of both forms of cigarettes.

Methods
Fifty-four dual users were exposed to a lit tobacco cigarette, their own e-cigarette, or a cup of water across multiple trials. On each trial, participants rated their craving for both tobacco and e-cigarettes and indicated the amount of money they would spend to access the cue. Key measures included craving, amount of money spent to access the cue, latency to access the cue, spending choice time, and consumption.

Results
Participants reported significantly higher craving and spent significantly more money on tobacco and e-cigarette trials than on water trials. The magnitude of cue-specific craving was comparable across tobacco and e-cigarettes, but participants spent significantly more to access tobacco cigarettes than e-cigarettes.

Conclusions
This is the first study to demonstrate cue-specific reactivity to e-cigarettes utilizing a neutral comparison condition and to examine the reward value of e-cigarettes relative to tobacco cigarettes. Overall, the data suggest that e-cigarette puffs are less valued and generate less craving than tobacco cigarette puffs for dual users. The data provide clear support for the utility of Choice Behavior Under Cued Conditions for examining a range of motivational processes supporting e-cigarette use.

Implications
The test procedure used in this research generates multiple indices of nicotine and tobacco motivation and allows for an explicit comparison of those variables in people who use both e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes.