bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A little goes a long way: A comparison of enterolithotomy versus single-stage cholecystectomy in the management of gallstone ileus
Authors: Khurshid Muhammad Haris , Hejazi Omar , Spencer Audrey L. , Nelson Adam , Stewart Collin , Colosimo Christina , Ditillo Micheal , Matthews Marc R. , Magnotti Louis J. , Joseph Bellal 
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION
Gallstone ileus is an infrequent complication of cholelithiasis with no specific guidelines for its management. This study aims to compare the outcomes of patients with gallstone ileus managed with both enterolithotomy with cholecystectomy (EL-CCY) versus those managed with enterolithotomy (EL) only.

METHODS
In this retrospective analysis of 2011–2017 Nationwide Readmissions Database, all patients with an index admission diagnosis of gallstone ileus were included. Patients were stratified based on the type of intervention received for gallstone ileus into those who underwent EL-CCY and those who underwent EL alone and compared. Primary outcomes were in-hospital complications (surgical site infections, sepsis, pneumonia, cardiac arrest, deep vein thrombosis, intestinal obstruction) and mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, hospital costs, and readmissions rate and cause of readmissions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed.

RESULTS
A total of 1,960 patients were identified. The mean age was 67 years and 67% were female. Two hundred eighty-nine patients (14.7%) were managed with EL-CCY, whereas 1,671 patients (85.3%) underwent EL only. Overall, the readmission rate was 4.8%, whereas mortality was 4.2%. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of index-admission complications (24.8% vs. 21.7%, p = 0.415), mortality (6.2% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.068), rates of readmission (3.5% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.22), and cause of readmission (p > 0.05). Enterolithotomy and cholecystectomy group had significantly longer hospital length of stay (10 vs. 8 days, p < 0.001) and median hospital costs ($70,959 vs. $52,147, p < 0.001). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, female sex was a predictor of undergoing EL-CCY, whereas increasing age and higher grade of all-patient redefined diagnosis-related groups risk of mortality were independently associated with lower odds of undergoing EL-CCY.

CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest no difference between EL compared with EL-CCY in terms of complications, readmissions, and mortality. However, patients managed with EL-CCY had a longer hospital stay and higher hospital costs compared with EL. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and develop management protocols for gallstone ileus.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
Similar Associated Risk of Complications and Death for Adolescent Gunshot Wounds Treated at Pediatric Only Hospitals when Compared to Combined Pediatric and Adult Centers
Authors: Nguyen Lily , Grigorian Areg , Lee Carlin , Goodman Laura F , Guner Yigit , Kuza Catherine , Swentek Lourdes , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Adult trauma centers, including combined pediatric/adult centers (CPACs), see high volumes of penetrating trauma. Few studies have compared outcomes of adolescents presenting with gunshot wounds (GSWSs) at CPACs vs. pediatric only hospitals (POHs). This study aimed to compare injury patterns, complications, and mortality for adolescents sustaining GSWs presenting to CPACs vs POHs, hypothesizing decreased associated risk of complications and mortality at CPACs.

Study Design:
The 2017-2021 Trauma Quality Improvement Program database was queried for adolescents (aged 12-17) with isolated GSWs. Patients transferred or with brain injury were excluded. CPACs included centers with adult and pediatric ACS-verification while POHs only had pediatric ACS-verification. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with in-hospital complications and mortality, controlling for age, injury severity score (ISS), vitals, surgery, and blood transfusions.

Results:
Of 3,064 adolescents presenting with GSWs, 1,512 (49.3%) presented to CPACs. When compared to POH, CPAC patients were slightly older (median, 16 vs. 15 years old, p<0.001) had increased ISS (median: 9 vs. 4, p<0.001), and injuries to the spine (9.3% vs. 5.7%, p<0.001), heart (2.3% vs. 0.7%, p<0.001), lung (19.1% vs. 10.6%, p<0.001), liver (8.5% vs. 4.8%, p<0.001), and spleen (3.2% vs. 1.5%, p=0.002). CPAC adolescents also had increased rates of emergent operations (31.9% vs. 23.5%, p<0.001). However, on multivariable analysis, CPAC adolescents had a similar associated risk of in-hospital complications (OR 0.91, CI 0.59-1.41, p=0.68) and mortality (OR 0.76, CI 0.40-1.48, p=0.42).

Conclusions:
Adolescent GSW patients had similar associated risk of mortality and complications when comparing POHs to CPACs. This suggests that adolescents with GSWs receive similar care at both CPACs and POHs. Additional research is warranted to corroborate these findings.
Cost-Effectiveness of Laparoscopic vs Open Liver Resection: A Propensity Score-Matched Single-Center Analysis of 920 Cases
Authors: Koh Ye Xin , Zhao Yun , Tan Ivan En-Howe , Tan Hwee Leong , Chua Darren Weiquan , Tan Ek Khoon , Teo Jin Yao , Ang Kwok Ann , Au Marianne Kit Har , Goh Brian Kim Poh 
Published: December 2024

Background:
This study compared the clinical and economic outcomes of laparoscopic (LLR) and open liver resection (OLR) for all hepatectomies, including minor and major hepatectomies.

Study Design:
This retrospective study included 920 consecutive elective patients undergoing liver resection from 2017 to 2023. Patient demographics, postoperative surgical outcomes, postoperative length of stay (LOS), and costs were compared between LLR and OLR before and after propensity score matching (PSM). A decision model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of LLR versus OLR.

Results:
After PSM, LLR was associated with significantly fewer postoperative transfusions for all hepatectomies (P < 0.001) and major hepatectomy (P = 0.001). LLR was associated with a shorter postoperative median LOS (P < 0.001), lower 30-day readmission (P = 0.022) and reoperation (P = 0.044) rates, and significantly reduced postoperative pneumonia (P = 0.038), unplanned intubation (P = 0.020), sepsis (P = 0.041), and major complications (P < 0.001) for all hepatectomies. This clinical superiority was complemented by a significant reduction in total costs for all (P < 0.001), minor (P = 0.001), and major (P < 0.001) hepatectomies. Cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that LLR was dominant over OLR, with a negative incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (-$2120.72) and an increased net monetary benefit ($75,015.92) at the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $25,000. The probability of LLR being cost-effective was 99.8% across various WTP thresholds.

Conclusions:
LLR is a safe and cost-effective alternative to OLR. While LLR has higher initial procedural costs, these are offset by significant reductions in postoperative major complications, LOS, and total costs.
A Cell Autonomous Free fatty acid receptor 4 - ChemR23 Signaling Cascade Protects Cardiac Myocytes from Ischemic Injury
Authors: Puccini Sara J. , Healy Chastity L. , Harsch Brian A. , Ahmed Ahmed R. , Shearer Gregory C. , O’Connell Timothy D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes ischemic damage and cardiac remodeling that ultimately progresses into ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Coronary revascularization reduces morbidity and mortality from an MI, however, reperfusion also induces oxidative stress that drives cardiac myocyte (CM) dysfunction and ICM. Oxidative stress in CMs leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial damage. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (Ffar4) is a GPCR for long chain fatty acids (FA) that is expressed in multiple cell types including CMs. We have recently shown that CM-specific overexpression of Ffar4 protects the heart from systolic dysfunction in the context of ischemic injury. Mechanistically, in CMs, Ffar4 increases the levels of 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE), an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived, cardioprotective oxylipin (oxidatively modified FA). 18-HEPE is the precursor for resolvin E1 (RvE1), a cardioprotective, specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) that activates the GPCR ChemR23. We hypothesize Ffar4 in CMs protects the heart from oxidative stress and ischemic injury through activation of a CM-autonomous, Ffar4-ChemR23 cardioprotective signaling pathway. Here, we developed anin vitrohypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) model (3 hours of hypoxia, 17 hours of reoxygenation) in adult CMs as a model for ischemic injury. In adult CMs subjected to H/R, TUG-891, an Ffar4 agonist, attenuated ROS generation and TUG-891, 18-HEPE, and RvE1 protected CMs from H/R-induced cell death. More importantly, we found that the ChemR23 antagonist α-NETA prevented TUG-891 cytoprotection in adult CMs subjected to H/R, demonstrating that ChemR23 is required for Ffar4 cardioprotection. In summary, our data demonstrate co-expression of Ffar4 and ChemR23 in the same CM, that Ffar4, 18-HEPE, and RvE1 attenuate H/R-induced CM death, and that ChemR23 is required for Ffar4 cardioprotection in H/R support a CM-autonomous Ffar4-ChemR23 cardioprotective signaling pathway.
A forest is more than its trees: haplotypes and ancestral recombination graphs
Authors: Fritze Halley , Pope Nathaniel , Kelleher Jerome , Ralph Peter 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTForeshadowing haplotype-based methods of the genomics era, it is an old observation that the “junction” between two distinct haplotypes produced by recombination is inherited as a Mendelian marker. In a genealogical context, this recombination-mediated information reflects the persistence of ancestral haplotypes across local genealogical trees in which they do not represent coalescences. We show how these non-coalescing haplotypes (“locally-unary nodes”) may be inserted into ancestral recombination graphs (ARGs), a compact but information-rich data structure describing the genealogical relationships among recombinant sequences. The resulting ARGs are smaller, faster to compute with, and the additional ancestral information that is inserted is nearly always correct where the initial ARG is correct. We provide efficient algorithms to infer locally-unary nodes within existing ARGs, and explore some consequences for ARGs inferred from real data. To do this, we introduce new metrics of agreement and disagreement between ARGs that, unlike previous methods, consider ARGs as describing relationships between haplotypes rather than just a collection of trees.
KNOWLEDGE, PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF EATING DISORDERS AND PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE AMONG CLINICAL STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA TEACHING HOSPITAL, ITUKU-OZALLA, ENUGU
Authors: Chinecherem Obayi Angelica , Ibiam Uka Chijioke , Chidiebere Ukoha , Chinedu Ugwunna Nwachukwu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEating disorders and peptic ulcer disease are major health problems among young people, of which clinical students are a composite. It is important to study the prevalence, risk factors and knowledge of eating disorders and peptic ulcer disease among clinical students because their characteristics such as skipping meals, high academic workload, social behaviours, etc. make them prone to developing these illnesses.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence, risk factors and knowledge of eating disorders and peptic ulcer disease among clinical students at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu state.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study of 400 clinical students at the University of Nigeria who were selected using multi-stage sampling. A structured and validated questionnaire was administered by the interviewers who also measured the weights and heights of respondents. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The significance of association was tested with Pearson chi-square, p <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe study showed a low risk and prevalence rate (2.9%) of eating disorders. 95.5% had a mild risk of being diagnosed with PUD and most were knowledgeable about the disease entities. A statistically significant relationship exists between average income of participants(p=0.018)and skipping meals(p=0.023).There was also a statistically significant relationship between peptic ulcer disease and smoking(p=0.000), consumption of alcohol(p=0.036)and herbal concoctions(p=0.036).ConclusionsThis study has found a low prevalence, low risk and good knowledge of eating disorders and peptic ulcer disease among clinical students at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla.
Evaluating the Reproducibility and Verifiability of Nutrition Research: A Case Study of Studies Assessing the Relationship Between Potatoes and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jamshidi-Naeini Yasaman , Vorland Colby J. , Kapoor Pranav , Ortyl Bailey , Mineo Jocelyn , Still Luke , Sorsor Korlu , Rodney Shelby , Tooze Xander , Flickinger Brent , Henschel Beate , Dickinson Stephanie L. , Allison David B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe credibility of nutritional research is dependent on the rigor with which studies are conducted and the ability for independent assessment to be performed. Despite the importance of these, more work is needed in the field of nutrition to buttress the trustworthiness of nutrition research.ObjectiveTo develop and apply a process for evaluating the rigor, reproducibility, and verifiability of nutritional research, using the relationship between potato consumption and Colorectal cancer (CRC) as a case study.MethodsWe updated existing systematic reviews to include studies on potatoes and CRC, assessing their design, execution, and reporting quality. We attempted to reproduce and verify the results of included studies by requesting raw data from authors and following statistical methods as described in the publications. Rigor was evaluated using four different tools: ROBINS-E, STROBE-Nut, Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and additional criteria related to transparency.ResultsEighteen studies were included, none of which publicly share data. We managed to access data for only two studies, successfully reproducing and verifying the results for one. The majority of studies exhibited a high risk of bias, with significant limitations in reporting quality and methodological rigor.ConclusionsResearch on the relationship between potato consumption and CRC risk is insufficiently reproducible and verifiable, undermining the trustworthiness of its findings. This study highlights the need for improving transparency, data sharing, and methodological rigor in nutritional research. Our approach provides a model for assessing the credibility of research in other areas of nutrition.
Optimization of conditions for production of solubleE. colipolyA-polymerase
Authors: Oscorbin Igor P. , Kunova Maria S. , Filipenko Maxim L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPoly(A)-polymerase (PAP-1) fromEscherichia coliis the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing poly(A) tails on RNA molecules, signaling RNA degradation in bacterial cells. In vitro, PAP-1 is used to prepare libraries for RNAseq and to produce mRNA vaccines. However,E. coliPAP-1’s toxicity and instability in low-salt buffers complicate its expression and purification. Here, we optimized the conditions for the production of recombinant PAP-1. For that,E. coliPAP-1 was expressed in sevenE. colistrains with different origin and genetic backgrounds, followed by assessment of the overall protein yield, solubility, and enzymatic activity. Among the tested strains, BL21 (DE3) pLysS achieved the best balance of cell density, total PAP-1 yield, solubility, and specific activity. Rosetta 2 (DE3) and Rosetta Blue (DE3) hosting the pRARE plasmid exhibited the lowest solubility, likely due to excessive translation efficiency. Higher induction temperatures (>18°C) exacerbated PAP-1 insolubility. Interestingly, PAP-1 accumulation correlated with an increase in the plasmid copy number encoding the enzyme, indicating its potential utility as a surrogate marker for PAP-1 activity. These findings provide insights into optimizingE. coliPAP-1 production for biotechnological applications.
TTF2 drives mitotic replisome disassembly and MiDAS by coupling the TRAIP ubiquitin ligase to Polε
Authors: Fujisawa Ryo , Labib Karim P.M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMammalian cells frequently enter mitosis before DNA replication has finished, necessitating the rapid processing of replication forks to facilitate chromosome segregation. The TRAIP ubiquitin ligase induces mitotic replisome disassembly, fork cleavage, and repair via ‘Mitotic DNA Synthesis’ (MiDAS). Until now, it was unclear how TRAIP is regulated in mitotic cells. Here we show that TRAIP phosphorylation mediates a complex with the TTF2 ATPase and DNA Polymerase ε (Polε). Whereas TTF2 ATPase activity removes RNA polymerase II from mitotic chromosomes, replisome disassembly involves an unanticipated mechanism. The TTF2 amino terminus couples TRAIP to Polε, via tandem Zinc fingers that recognise phosphorylated TRAIP, and a motif that binds to POLE2. Thereby, TTF2 and Polε cause TRAIP to ubiquitylate the CDC45-MCM-GINS (CMG) helicase, triggering replisome disassembly and MiDAS. These data identify TTF2 as a multifunctional regulator of chromatin transactions during mitosis.
The Two-Step Cell Death Induction by the New 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol Analog and its Modulation by Lysophosphatidylinositol in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Akimov Mikhail G. , Gretskaya Natalia M. , Gorbacheva Eugenia I. , Khadour Nisreen , Sherstyanykh Galina D. , Bezuglov Vladimir V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract2-arachnadoyl glycerol (2-AG) is one of the most common endocannabinoid molecules with antiproliferative, cytotoxic and pro-proliferative effects on different types of tumors. Typically, it induces cell death via CB1/CB2-linked ceramide production. In breast cancer, ceramide is counterbalanced by the sphingosine-1-phosphate, and thus the mechanisms of 2-AG influence on proliferation are poorly understood. In this paper, we evaluated the mechanism of the cell death induction by 2-AG and the influence of LPI on it in 6 human breast cancer cell lines of different tumor degree using a novel analog, 2-arachidonoyl-difluoropropanol (2-ADFP). 2-ADFP induced cell death via the CB2 and TRPV1-dependent COX-2 induction and oxidized metabolites production. The activity was enhanced by LPI.
Assessing thein plantaefficacy of oxathiapiprolin as a potential treatment for kauri dieback disease
Authors: Robinson Hannah F. , Palmer Jade T. T. , Gerth Monica L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhytophthora agathidicida, a plant pathogenic oomycete, causes fatal dieback disease in New Zealand kauri trees (Agathis australis). Currently, few treatments exist to prevent or cure this infection. Previous research has demonstrated the potentin vitroinhibition of multiple lifecycle stages ofP. agathidicidaby the oomycide oxathiapiprolin. In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of oxathiapiprolinin plantaas either a protective or curative treatment. Kauri seedlings (1–2 years old) were treated with 10 or 50 mg of oxathiapiprolin, in the form of Zorvec Enicade,perseedling as a soil drench either before (7 days) or after (15 days) inoculation withP. agathidicidaNZFS 3770 to test for protective and curative activities, respectively. Results showed that oxathiapiprolin treatments successfully protected the kauri seedlings from disease, with the higher dose (50 mg) demonstrating greater efficacy. However, the treatments did not cure kauri seedlings already infected withP. agathidicida, likely because the infection was already well-established by the time of treatment. This study demonstrates that, while oxathiapiprolin shows protective effects againstP. agathidicidainfection in kauri seedlings, its lack of curative properties significantly limits its potential as a practical tool for managing kauri dieback disease.
Cell Type Specific Enhancers for Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: He Jing , Phan BaDoi N. , Kerkhoff Willa G. , Alikaya Aydin , Brull Olivia R. , Fredericks J. Megan , Hong Tao , Sedorovitz Morgan , Srinivasan Chaitanya , Leone Michael J. , Wirfel Olivia M. , Dauby Samuel , Tittle Rachel K. , Lin Meng K. , Bostan Andreea C. , Hooks Bryan M. , Gharbawie Omar A. , Byrne Leah C. , Pfenning Andreas R. , Stauffer William R. 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYThe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is crucial to primate cognitive functions, but a paucity of cell type specific tools limits studies of DLPFC neurocomputational principles. Therefore, we set out to identify enhancers that fit inside Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) vectors and that elicited functional, cell type specific gene expression in the non-human primate (NHP) DLPFC. We used single nucleus RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq from rhesus macaque tissue samples to define DLPFC cell types and their associated open chromatin regions (OCRs). We trained machine learning (ML) models to recognize the unique regulatory grammar associated with each DLPFC neuron type, performed in silico screening of all OCRs, and identified candidate enhancers most likely to elicit cell type specific transgene expression in each neuron type. For layer 3 pyramidal neurons (L3PNs) and layer 5 extratelencephalic neurons (L5ETs), we cloned the top twelve identified candidates into AAVs and injected them into NHP DLPFC. In situ observation of enhancer-driven expression revealed the best performers, RMacL3-01 and RMacL5ET-01. We validated RMacL3-01 and RMacL5ET-01 using one-at-a-time injections in NHP DLPFC. RMacL3-01 restricted GFP expression to pyramidal neurons in layers 2 and 3, whereas RMacL5ET-01 restricted expression toPOU3F1+neurons in layer 5. RMacL3-01 elicited functional levels of channelrhodopsin expression that enabled optical activation of single- and multi-unit activity in NHP DLFPC. Together, these results and resources establish a solid foundation to study cell type specific principles of primate cognitive functions.