bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Efficacy of Oral Rehydration Salts in Children With Neurally Mediated Syncope of Different Hemodynamic Patterns
Authors: Li Wen , Wang Shuo , Liu Xiaoyan , Zou Runmei , Tan Chuanmei , Wang Cheng 
Published: October 2018

Objective: To assess the efficacy of oral rehydration salts in children with neurally mediated syncope of different hemodynamic types. Methods: Children with unexplained syncope or pre-syncope who visited or were hospitalized between March 2012 and February 2015 were enrolled in the study. Checked by the head-up tilt test, 105 children (aged 4-18 years, with a mean age of 11.96 ± 2.86 years) were diagnosed with neurally mediated syncope. Of them, 73 had vasovagal syncope (vasodepressor type in 46, mixed/cardioinhibitory types in 27), and 32 had postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. They were randomized into the oral rehydration salts plus health education group (n = 55) and the health education alone group (n = 50). All treated children were followed up. The follow-up time ranged from 6 to 25 (14.82 ± 6.13) months. Short-term effects were assessed according to the recurrence of clinical symptoms and reviews of head-up tilt test results 6 months after drug withdrawal. Long-term effects were compared between both groups of children with neurally mediated syncope. Results: Short-term effect: No significant differences were found in subjective response rate and head-up tilt test negative results rate among different hemodynamic types ( P > .05). Long-term effect: Compared with the health education alone group, the cumulative response rate increased after treatment with oral rehydration salts ( P < .05). Among oral rehydration salts–treated children, the cumulative response rate was higher in those with vasodepressor vasovagal syncope than with mixed/cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope ( P < .05). Conclusion: Compared with children with mixed/cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope, oral rehydration salt is more suitable for those with vasodepressor vasovagal syncope.
Talent Development and Its Role in Shaping Absorptive Capacity in Emerging Market Firms: The Case of Russia
Authors: Latukha Marina O. 
Published: October 2018

The Problem The overall ability to create and transfer knowledge is one of the main competitive advantages for companies from emerging economies and becomes their performance driver. As human resource development (HRD) and talent development (TD), in particular, aim to extend employees’ capabilities related to innovative thinking, creativity, and their key competences, which can be necessary for knowledge creation and development, TD can be associated with a firm’s absorptive capacity; however, their relationship remains underresearched. Although some studies claim about grounds for absorptive capacity, lack of analysis of absorptive capacity dimensions, specified as knowledge acquisition, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation, and its connection to TD in the emerging market context can be observed especially with the relationship to firm performance in Russia. The Solution We investigate the influence of TD on firm’s absorptive capacity in emerging market contexts, more specifically in Russia, and confirm the link between TD in Russia and knowledge assimilation, knowledge transformation, knowledge exploitation, and knowledge acquisition. The Stakeholders We show the new perspective of talent management, in general, and TD, in particular, for HRD area, showing the leading role of TD in emerging market contexts that should be in a primary agenda for both researchers and practitioners.
Does Posterior Cervical Decompression Conducted by Junior Surgeons Affect Clinical Outcomes in the Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy? Results From a Multicenter Study
Authors: Nagoshi Narihito , Iwanami Akio , Isogai Norihiro , Ishikawa Masayuki , Nojiri Kenya , Tsuji Takashi , Daimon Kenshi , Takeuchi Ayano , Tsuji Osahiko , Okada Eijiro , Fujita Nobuyuki , Yagi Mitsuru , Watanabe Kota , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Ishii Ken , Yamane Junichi 
Published: October 2018

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter study. Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of posterior cervical decompression for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) when performed by board-certified spine (BCS) or non-BCS (NBCS) surgeons. Methods: We reviewed outcomes for 675 patients who underwent surgery for CSM, were followed at least 1 year after surgery, and were assessed preoperatively and at final follow-up by Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and by the visual analog scale (VAS) for the neck. Cervical alignment was assessed on radiographs by C2-C7 angles, and range of motion (ROM) by extension minus flexion C2-C7 angles. We compared outcomes for BCS surgeons, who must meet several requirements, including experience in more than 300 spinal surgeries, and for NBCS surgeons. Results: BCS surgeons performed 432 of 675 laminoplasties. NBCS surgeons were primary in 243 surgeries, of which 187 were directly supervised by a BCS surgeon. BCS surgeons required significantly less time in surgery (98.0 ± 39.5 vs 108.1 ± 49.7 min; P < .01). BCS and NBCS surgeons had comparable perioperative complications rates, and preoperative-to-postoperative changes in JOA scores (2.9 ± 2.1 vs 3.1 ± 2.3; P = .40) and VAS (−1.5 ± 2.9 vs −1.4 ± 2.5; P = .96). Lordotic cervical alignment and ROM were maintained after operations by both groups. Conclusions: Surgical outcomes such as functional recovery, complication rates, and cervical dynamics were comparable between the BCS and NBCS groups. Thus, posterior cervical decompression for CSM is safe and effective when performed by junior surgeons who have been trained and supervised by experienced spine surgeons.
Prefabricated foot orthoses compared to a placebo intervention for the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sadler Sean , Spink Martin , Cassidy Samuel , Chuter Vivienne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrefabricated foot orthoses are used to treat chronic nonspecific low back pain, however their effectiveness and potential mechanism of action is unclear. The primary aims of the study are to investigate the effectiveness of prefabricated foot orthotic devices for reducing pain and improving function in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain over 52 weeks.MethodsThis study is a participant and assessor blinded, parallel‐group, superiority randomised (1:1) controlled trial. The study will recruit 60 participants aged 18 to 65 years with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Participants will undergo randomisation to a control group (The Back Book) or an intervention group (prefabricated foot orthoses and The Back Book). The primary outcome measures will be change in pain and function from baseline to 12 (primary time point), 26, and 52 weeks. Secondary outcome measures include: gluteus medius muscle activity and transversus abdominis muscle thickness from baseline to 12 weeks, physical activity over 12, 26, and 52 weeks, and correlation between foot type and change in measures of pain and function. Number of hours per day and week that the prefabricated orthoses are worn, as well as, adverse events will be self‐reported by participants. Data will be analysed using the intention‐to‐treat principle.DiscussionThis trial will primarily evaluate the effectiveness of prefabricated foot orthotic devices for reducing pain and improving function in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain over 52 weeks. It is expected that this study will provide clinicians and researchers with an understanding of the role that prefabricated foot orthoses may have in the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain and a potential mechanism of action, and whether foot type influences the outcome.Trial registrationACTRN12618001298202.
Distances from the deep plantar arch to the lesser metatarsals at risk during osteotomy: a fresh cadaveric study
Authors: Tonogai Ichiro , Hayashi Fumio , Tsuruo Yoshihiro , Sairyo Koichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe deep plantar arch is formed by anastomosis of the lateral and deep plantar arteries. Osteotomy of the lesser metatarsals is often used to treat metatarsalgia and forefoot deformity. Although it is known that some blood vessels supplying the lesser metatarsals are prone to damage during osteotomy, there is little information on the distances between the deep plantar arch and the three lesser metatarsals. The aims of this study were to identify the distances between the deep plantar arch and the lesser metatarsals and to determine how osteotomy could damage the arch.MethodsEnhanced computed tomography scans of 20 fresh cadaveric feet (male, n = 10; female, n = 10; mean age 78.6 years at the time of death) were assessed. The specimens were injected with barium via the external iliac artery, and the distance from the deep plantar arch to each lesser metatarsal was measured on axial and sagittal images.ResultsThe shortest distances from the deep plantar arch to the second, third, and fourth metatarsals in the axial plane were 0.5, 2.2, and 2.8 mm, respectively. The shortest distances from the distal epiphysis to a line passing through the deep plantar arch perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lesser metatarsal in the sagittal plane were 47.0, 45.7, and 46.4 mm, respectively, and those from the tarsometatarsal joint were 23.0, 21.0, and 18.6 mm. The deep plantar arch ran at the level of the middle third, within the proximal portion of this third in 11/20 (55.0%), 7/20 (35.0%), and 5/16 (31.2%) specimens, respectively, and at the level of the proximal third in 9/20 (45.0%), 13/20 (65.0%), and 11/16 (68.8%).ConclusionsOverpenetration into the medial and plantar aspect of the second metatarsal or the proximal and plantar aspect of the fourth metatarsal during shaft or proximal osteotomy could easily damage the deep plantar arch. Shaft or proximal osteotomy approximately 45–47 mm proximal to the distal epiphysis or 18–23 mm distal to the tarsometatarsal joint on the plantar aspect could interrupt blood flow in the deep plantar arch.
Chromosomal instability causes sensitivity to protein folding stress and ATP depletion
Authors: Khan Mahwish , Shaukat Zeeshan , Saint Robert , Gregory Stephen L. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAneuploidy ­– having an unbalanced genome – is poorly tolerated at the cellular and organismal level. It gives rise to proteotoxic stress as well as a stereotypical oxidative shift which makes these cells sensitive to internal and environmental stresses. Using Drosophila as a model, we found that protein folding stress is exacerbated by redox stress that occurs in response to ongoing changes to ploidy (chromosomal instability, CIN). We also found that if de novo nucleotide synthesis is blocked, CIN cells are dependent on a high level of lysosome function to survive. Depletion of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthesis enzymes led to DNA damage in CIN cells, which showed elevated activity of the DNA repair enzyme activated poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP). PARP activation causes depletion of its substrate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and subsequent loss of Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP), and we found that adding ATP or nicotinamide (a precursor in the synthesis of NAD+) could rescue the observed phenotypes. These findings provide ways to interpret, target and exploit aneuploidy, which has the potential to offer tumour-specific therapies.
A fruit fly model for studying paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy and hyperalgesia
Authors: Hamoudi Zina , Khuong Thang Manh , Cole Tiffany , Neely G. Gregory 
Published: October 2018

Background: Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common and limiting side effect of an approved and effective chemotherapeutic agent. The cause of this nociception is still unknown. Methods: To uncover the mechanism involved in paclitaxel-induced pain, we developed a Drosophila thermal nociceptive model to show the effects of paclitaxel exposure on third instar larvae. Results: We found that paclitaxel increases heat nociception in a dose-dependent manner, and at the highest doses also obstructs dendritic repulsion cues. Conclusions: Our simple system can be applied to identify regulators of chemotherapy-induced pain and may help to eliminate pain-related side-effects of chemotherapy.
Cholesterol metabolism in innate and adaptive response
Authors: Reboldi Andrea , Dang Eric 
Published: October 2018

It has been long recognized that cholesterol is a critical molecule in mammalian cell biology, primarily for its contribution to the plasma membrane’s composition and its role in assuring proper transmembrane receptor signaling as part of lipid rafts. Efforts have also been made to characterize the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, cholesterol homeostasis, and cholesterol-derived metabolites in order to gain insights into their dysregulation during metabolic diseases. Despite the central role cholesterol metabolism plays in shaping human health, its regulation during immune activation, such as immune response to pathogens or autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases, is poorly understood.The immune system is composed of several type of cells with distinct developmental origin, life span, molecular requirements, and gene expressions. It is unclear whether the same array of cholesterol metabolism regulators are equally employed by different immune cells and whether distinct cholesterol metabolites have similar biological consequences in different immune cells.In this review, we will describe how cholesterol metabolism is controlled during the adaptive and the innate immune response and the role for intracellular and extracellular receptors for cholesterol and its derivatives.
Association between intensity of STI screening and development of antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae in 12 cities in the USA: An ecological study
Authors: Kenyon Chris R. 
Published: October 2018

In this study, we assessed if there was a city-level association between sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening intensity in men who have sex with men and antimicrobial sensitivity inNeisseria gonorrhoeaein the United States, 2007 to 2013. We found positive associations between STI screening intensity and increases in minimum inhibitory concentrations for cefixime and azithromycin, but not ceftriaxone when using change in city geometric meanN. gonorrhoeaeMIC between 2005 and 2013.
Assessing service and treatment needs of young people who use illicit and non-medical prescription drugs living in Northern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Varatharajan Thepikaa , Sabioni Pamela , Russell Cayley , Henderson Joanna , Fischer Benedikt , Miles Sarah , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: October 2018

Background: The use of illicit and prescription drugs for non-medical purposes among youth and young adults living in Northern Ontario communities is a major public health concern. This problem is amplified in that there is insufficient knowledge on the types of services and treatment centers available for and utilized by young people with substance use issues in Northern Ontario. This needs assessment study aims to examine the service and treatment needs of youth and young adults who use drugs in Northern Ontario communities. Methods/Design: A mixed-methods study design will be used to assess the service and treatment needs of youth and young adults (aged 14-25) who have used one or more illicit drug (excluding cannabis) and/or psychoactive prescription drug for non-medical purposes for at least 3 months and on at least 10 days in the last month. Participants will be recruited from approximately ten Northern, remote and rural communities across Northern Ontario using a mobile research lab. Eligible study candidates from each community will be asked to partake in a focus group and questionnaire exploring service and treatment utilization and needs. We will additionally collect basic socio-demographic information as well as examine patterns of problematic drug use. Interviews with service providers and community organizers will also be conducted in each community. Discussion: Findings from our study will highlight the availability, accessibility and utilization of existing services; identify the gaps and barriers in current service provision; and provide insight into the service and treatment needs of youth and young adults who use drugs in Northern Ontario communities. Assessing the needs of young people who use drugs will allow service providers, community organizers and health policymakers to improve addiction-related services and treatment centers in Northern Ontario.
Organizing the Estonian Physicians’ Nutritional and Dietetics Society in Tartu University Hospital
Authors: Kiisk Liidia 
Published: October 2018

Along with everyday clinical work, many nurses and physicians are dealing with clinical nutrition – counselling of patients, nutrition research and cooperation with specialists. It is essential to organise the clinical nutrition of inpatients, outpatients and home-care patients. Patients with chronic diseases and their carers expect increasingly profound information and guidelines about their nutrition from their attending physicians or department nurses and later at home – for this, specific guidelines are needed.
An initiative group of physicians at Tartu University Hospital founded the Estonian Physicians’ Nutritional and Dietetics Society. The aims of the Estonian Physicians’ Nutritional and Dietetics Society are development of cooperation and information exchange with specialists in different areas, development and conducting of continuing education programmes in dietetics in cooperation with the Centre for Continuing Medical Education at the University of Tartu. The terminology of dietetics needs unification and updating. Disease-specific clinical nutrition guidelines have to be compiled and published.
Proficiency of Attack in volleyball and its relations with anthropometric characteristics in U-16 boys
Authors: Stamm Raini , Stamm Meelis , Pitk Mark Kristjan 
Published: October 2018

Attack has a very significant role in volleyball. It can be considered one of the most essential elements for scoring points. To perform successful attacks, certain body build characteristics are needed, which would facilitate the training of attack competence.
The aim of the current study was to assess the performance of attack by boys of the U-16 age group considering their body build and to analyse the differences of attack in sets won and lost. To achieve the aim of the study, we had to solve the following tasks.
1. To assess the boys’ body build based on height and weight in 5SD body build classes. 2. To analyse the players’ proficiency at attack depending on their body build. 3. To find the main differences in attack in sets won and lost.
The number of boys studied was 66, and they all belonged to the eight best U-16 age group teams at the Estonian volleyball championships of 2017. The study showed that spikes were performed most sucessfully by boys belonging to the big and leptomorph classes. The comparison of sets won and lost revealed that statistically significant differences were not caused by the number of points won at attack but by the number of failed spikes. In the sets won, the boys made statistically significantly fewer errors at spike.
A AULA DE FILOSOFIA COMO OFICINA DE CRIAÇÃO
Authors: Araújo Felipe , Ceppas Filipe 
Published: October 2018

O presente trabalho explora uma concepção de ensino de filosofia como ato de criação, e não apenas de reprodução, o que o aproxima da atividade artística.Apresentamos, em primeiro lugar, a tese de Deleuze e Guattari de que a atividade filosófica consiste no processo de criar conceitos e que estes são ferramentas de intervenção no mundo. A partir daí, defendemos a atividade do professor defilosofia como uma oficina, onde essas ferramentas podem ser utilizadas, ou mesmo novas ferramentas criadas, sempre que necessário, sempre que os problemas assim o exigirem.
CINEMA E EDUCAÇÃO: DA REPRODUTIBILIDADE TÉCNICA À AÇÃO CINECLUBISTA EMANCIPADORA
Authors: Reina Alessandro 
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre o uso do filme como possibilidade de educação do pensamento por intermédio da prática cineclubista. Investiga primeiramente o cinema como elemento da indústria cultural através da sua contraposição com o cinema-arte. Posteriormente, investiga a possibilidade do uso da prática cineclubista como instrumento de esclarecimento e emancipação dos alunos no interior da escola dentro de uma proposta pedagógica para sua utilização.
A FILOSOFIA COMO POSSIBILIDADE DA EXPERIÊNCIA FILOSÓFICA NO ENSINO MÉDIO A PARTIR DO CONTEÚDO CURRICULAR
Authors: Brito Caroline Moraes , Onofre Joelson Alves 
Published: October 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma significativa contribuição no sentido de ampliar a reflexão e as discussões em torno do ensino de Filosofia, da sua identidade de conteúdo curricular e da prática educativa no Ensino Médio. Tem como objetivogeral discutir o ensino de Filosofia como uma disciplina filosófica do pensamento, considerando-a um componente fundamental no currículo da escola, desde quando propicia reflexão/formação no processo de aprendizagem. Enfoca a prática docente como elemento importante no processo de construção da identidade da disciplina Filosofia no currículo do Ensino Médio, pois o professor que se engaja nesseprocesso revela-se como um verdadeiro agente de mudanças, que através da sua responsabilidade profissional faz com que a permanência da filosofia no currículo do Ensino Médio seja profícua.
POSSÍVEIS ARTICULAÇÕES DA FILOSOFIA COM A EDUCAÇÃO DO PENSAMENTO
Authors: Vasconcelos Paulo Sergio Dantas 
Published: October 2018

Nossos estudos estão voltados à discussão de problemas gerados na práxis pedagógica do Ensinar Filosofia. Toda análise que envolve o ensino de filosofia, seja ele em qualquer nível, não pode desmerecer, antes de tudo, uma acurada atenção aos problemas peculiares referentes a essa atividade. Ensinar filosofia é um desafio permanente, que em sua dimensão prática articula-se com didáticas e metodologias as mais diversas sem, contudo, merecerem estas a atenção de grande parte dos docentes. Desse modo, a formação em filosofia em nossas instituições se constitui, em sua maioria, por esse divórcio com a educação, como se fosse possível à filosofia negligenciar a sua dimensão educativa ou mesmo o seu propósito de ensinar o homem a fazer-se homem enquanto pensa, reflete e dialoga politicamente como ser agente e transformador do real.
A FILOSOFIA “OBRIGATÓRIA”: PAULO FREIRE, GRAMSCI E A LEI 11684/2008
Authors: Da Silva Reinaldo Ramos 
Published: October 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é o de relacionar, em perspectiva crítica, os conceitos de “filosofia espontânea” em Antonio Gramsci e de “pedagogia libertadora” (ou daautonomia) em Paulo Freire com os limites e possibilidades da Filosofia enquanto disciplina escolar a partir dos marcos legislativos que regulamentam seu ensino, considerando as aproximações e distanciamentos entre as diretrizes preconizadas pelo texto legal e a prática docente segundo as especificidades deste campo do saber, tomando como parâmetro a Lei federal de número 11684/2008 que instituisua introdução no rol de disciplinas obrigatórias da grade curricular das escolas de nível secundário, em suas três séries, em todo o país.