bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance use Patterns and HIV-1 RNA Viral Load Rebound among HIV-Positive Illicit Drug users in a Canadian Setting
Authors: Ladak Farah , Socias Eugenia , Nolan Seonaid , Dong Huiru , Kerr Thomas , Wood Evan , Montaner Julio , Milloy M-J 
Published: September 2018

Background Active illicit drug use can present a barrier to the medical management of HIV infection by complicating adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) rebound, defined as a period of detectable HIV VL following ART and VL suppression, can lead to the generation of viral resistance and potential treatment failure. We sought to investigate the contribution of substance use patterns on rates of VL rebound. Methods We used data from the ACCESS study, a long-running community-recruited prospective cohort of HIV-positive people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada, a setting of universal no-cost HIV treatment. We analysed time to VL rebound (that is, two consecutive observations ≥1,000 copies/ml) after ART initiation and sustained viral suppression (that is, two consecutive observations <50 copies/ml) using extended Cox regression models with a recurrent events framework. Results Between May 1996 and November 2013, 564 ART-exposed participants achieved at least one instance of VL suppression and contributed 1,893.8 person-years of observation. Over follow-up, 198 (35.1%) participants experienced ≥ one instance of VL rebound. In adjusted analyses, VL rebound was associated with younger age (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] =0.97, 95% CI: 0.95, 0.98), heroin injection (≥ daily versus < daily, AHR =1.52, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.30), crack use (≥ daily versus < daily, AHR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.92) and heavy alcohol use (≥ four versus < four drinks/day, AHR =1.97, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.31). Conclusions The present study suggests that in addition to heavy alcohol use, high-intensity illicit drug use, particularly ≥ daily heroin injection and ≥ daily crack smoking are risk factors for VL rebound. In addition to the impact of high-intensity drug use on health-care engagement and ART adherence, some evidence exists on the direct impact of psychoactive substances on ART metabolism and the natural progression of HIV disease. At-risk individuals should be provided additional supports to preserve virological control and maintain the benefits of ART.
Persistent Disease Activity Remains a Burden for Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Peschken Christine A. , Wang Yishu , Abrahamowicz Michal , Pope Janet , Silverman Earl , Sayani Amyn , Iczkovitz Sandra , Ross Jorge , Zummer Michel , Tucker Lori , Pineau Christian , Levy Deborah , Hudson Marie , Hitchon Carol A. , Huber Adam M. , Smith C. Douglas , Avina-Zubieta Antonio , Arbillaga Hector , Chédeville Gaëlle , Wynant Willy , Fortin Paul R. ,   on behalf of CaNIOS 1000 Faces Investigators
Published: September 2018

Objective.Persistent systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In a multicenter cohort of patients with prevalent SLE, we described persistence, patterns, and predictors of change in disease activity over time.Methods.Based on SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)-2K scores at cohort entry, patients were classified into 4 groups: low (score < 4; LOW), moderate (4 to < 6; MOD), moderately high (6 to ≤ 10; MHIGH), and very high (> 10; VHIGH). Multivariable linear and longitudinal mixed linear regression models were used to identify predictors of change over time in SLEDAI-2K.Results.There were 2019 participants, with declining followup data over 5 years (1326, 580, 274, 186, and 148 patients, respectively). At cohort entry, mean (± SD) age was 42 (± 17) years, disease duration 11 (± 10) years, and 90% were female. The 4 groups included 44% LOW (n = 891), 20% MOD (n = 400), 22% MHIGH (n = 442), and 14% VHIGH (n = 286); therefore, 36% had clinically important SLE activity. The proportion of patients in the LOW group at entry who moved to a higher activity level varied from 30% (167/557) at 1 year, to 49% (41/83) at 3 years, and 54% (30/56) at 5 years. Among 181 patients with MOD to VHIGH entry activity and 3 years of followup, 116 (64.1%) remained active. In all analyses, only higher SLEDAI-2K at cohort entry remained a significant predictor of higher SLEDAI-2K in subsequent years.Conclusion.Higher SLEDAI-2K at study entry was the single major independent predictor of higher SLEDAI-2K over time, reflecting frequent persistence of active disease, even in patients with longstanding disease. This highlights gaps in the optimal treatment of SLE.
Presence of Autoantibodies in Erosive Hand Osteoarthritis and Association with Clinical Presentation
Authors: van Delft Myrthe Alexandra Maria , van Beest Sjoerd , Kloppenburg Margreet , Trouw Leendert Adrianus , Ioan-Facsinay Andreea 
Published: September 2018

Objective.To investigate whether 3 rheumatoid arthritis–associated antibodies [rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) or anticarbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies] are present in hand osteoarthritis (HOA) and associate with erosive OA (EOA).Methods.Anti-CarP IgG was measured by ELISA in baseline sera of patients with HOA from 3 cohorts: HOSTAS (n = 510, 27.2% EOA), ECHO (n = 47), and EHOA (n = 23), and in sera of healthy controls (HC; n = 196, mean age 44.1 yrs, 51.0% women). Moreover, ACPA-IgG and RF-IgM were additionally determined in HOSTAS and HC. The prevalence of autoantibodies was compared between HOA and HC and between erosive and nonerosive HOA. In HOSTAS, hand radiographs were scored (Kellgren-Lawrence, Osteoarthritis Research Society International osteophyte and joint space narrowing) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, representing inflammation, were assessed. Groups were compared using nonparametric tests.Results.The prevalence of anti-CarP was low and not significantly different between the total HOA group and HC (6.6% vs 3.6%, p = 0.12). In HOSTAS, the prevalence of all tested autoantibodies was low (anti-CarP 7.1%, ACPA 0.8%, RF 6.1%), and there were no significant differences observed between HOA patients and HC or between erosive and nonerosive HOA. Further, radiographic damage and CRP levels were similar in anti-CarP+ and anti-CarP–, and RF+ and RF− HOSTAS patients.Conclusion.The prevalence of autoantibodies is similar in HOA patients and HC, and these autoantibodies are not associated with erosive disease, structural damage, or inflammation in patients with HOA, indicating that another mechanism is driving erosive disease.
What Should Be the Primary Target of “Treat to Target” in Psoriatic Arthritis?
Authors: Coates Laura C. , Lubrano Ennio , Perrotta Fabio Massimo , Emery Paul , Conaghan Philip G. , Helliwell Philip S. 
Published: September 2018

Objective.Recommendations regarding “treat to target” in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have stated that the target should be remission or inactive disease. Potential definitions include very low disease activity (VLDA), PsA Disease Activity Score (PASDAS) near remission, Disease Activity Index for PsA (DAPSA) or clinical DAPSA (cDAPSA) remission. Our aim was to investigate the proportion of patients who fulfill these definitions and how much residual active disease remained.Methods.This analysis used 2 datasets: first, trial data from the Tight Control of PsA (TICOPA) study, which included 206 patients with recent-onset (< 2 yrs) PsA receiving standard and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD); and second, an observational clinical dataset from Italy of patients receiving biological DMARD. Proportions achieving each of the 4 potential targets were calculated in each dataset and comparisons between treatment groups were performed in the TICOPA dataset. Levels of residual disease were established for key clinical domains of PsA.Results.All measures could differentiate the TICOPA trial treatment groups (p < 0.03). Lower proportions of patients fulfilled the VLDA criteria compared to DAPSA or cDAPSA remission. PASDAS results were different between the cohorts. Residual active disease was low across all definitions although higher levels were seen in DAPSA and cDAPSA compared to VLDA, particularly for psoriasis. In all measures, the proportion with elevated C-reactive protein was similar and low.Conclusion.VLDA appears the most stringent measure. It ensures that significant active arthritis, enthesitis, and psoriasis are not present, in contrast with DAPSA and PASDAS, in which composite scores can “hide” active disease in some domains.
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and Microcalorimetry in Synovial Fluid: Can Pathogen-based Detection Assays Improve the Diagnosis of Septic Arthritis?
Authors: Morgenstern Christian , Renz Nora , Cabric Sabrina , Perka Carsten , Trampuz Andrej 
Published: September 2018

Objective.To prospectively evaluate automated multiplex PCR and isothermal microcalorimetry tests for rapid and accurate diagnosis of septic arthritis.Methods.Patients with acute arthritis were prospectively included from October 2014 to September 2015. In synovial fluid (SF), leukocyte count and differential, culture, PCR, and microcalorimetry were determined. Septic arthritis was diagnosed by positive SF culture or (1) local clinical signs and symptoms, (2) increased SF leukocyte count, and (3) exclusion of noninfectious causes of inflammatory arthropathy. The performance of individual tests was compared with McNemar’s test.Results.Among 57 patients, 22 (39%) were diagnosed with septic arthritis. SF culture grew a pathogen in 10 patients (46%), PCR was positive in 5 (23%), and microcalorimetry in 10 (46%). Compared to SF culture, 49 concordant pairs were found for both methods (PCR and microcalorimetry; 86% agreement). In SF, PCR failed to detect Staphylococcus aureus (2 patients), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1 patient), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1 patient), and Clostridium clostridioforme (1 patient). Microcalorimetry failed to detect S. dysgalactiae (1 patient), Streptococcus agalactiae (1 patient), and C. clostridioforme (1 patient). No statistical differences between the performance of SF culture, and PCR and microcalorimetry, respectively, were found. The processing time for PCR was 5 h and for microcalorimetry a median of 8.8 h (range, 2.3–64 h), whereas cultures required a median of 4.5 days (range, 3–14 days).Conclusion.Performance of SF PCR was inferior while microcalorimetry was similar to culture but provided results considerably faster. [Clinical trial registration number (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov): NCT02530229]
Violencia extrema y delito en el marco de la campaña de represión clandestina en Argentina (1976–1983)
Authors: Ranalletti Mario 
Published: September 2018

Dans cet article, nous étudions certains aspects des « escadrons de la mort » argentins (organisation interne ; modus operandi) pendant la dernière dictature militaire (1976–1983). Nous essayons de montrer le lien entre le recours à la violence extrême par ces escadrons, la commission des délits de droit commun (vol, fraude économique, extorsion) et l’endoctrinement reçu préalablement par les membres des escadrons. L’étude de ces questions est faite à partir d’une approche interdisciplinaire (histoire, anthropologie, psychologie). L’hypothèse est la suivante : l’endoctrinement a permis aux escadrons d’employer la violence extrême et a banalisé les crimes de droit commun, en construisant une altérité négative (les opposants, les guérillas) dont la destruction apporterai la paix au pays. La méthodologie est qualitative et comparative. Les sources utilisées dans la recherche sont des témoignages de victimes et des membres des escadrons. Le cadre théorique est construit à partir de la recherche et les réflexions de Jacques Sémelin et d’Albert Bandura sur l’utilisation de la violence extrême par les forces militaires et de la Police. Ce travail est l’un des résultats du projet de recherche « Penser la répression en Argentine », financé par l’Université Nationale « Trois Février, et dirigée par l’auteur.
La difícil adecuación de las tesis de George L. Mosse a la contienda y posguerra civil española, 1936-1945.
Authors: Castiñeira Francisco J. Leira 
Published: September 2018

Cet article analyse jusqu’à quel point il est difficile d’appliquer les thèses de George L. Mosse au cas de la guerre civile espagnole. Pour cela, il prend en compte des éléments tels que la diversité des expériences personnelles des soldats avant, pendant et après le conflit. Il ne s’agit pas de critiquer les thèses de Mosse, mais d’approfondir la réflexion sur l’une des théories qui a orienté l’histoire militaires au cours de ces deux dernières décennies. Cet article propose donc de dépasser l’approche culturelle de la guerre en prenant en compte des questions d’ordre social et politique. Ce sont des propositions de travail, d’où le fait que cet article ressemble parfois à un essai de type historique.
In vitro Plant Regeneration from Diploid and Tetraploid Exacum ritigalensis (Binara)
Authors: Perera P.C.D , Dahanayake Nilanthi , Senanayake S.G.J.N , Krishnarajah S.A 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: Exacum ritigalensis (Binara/Ginihiriya) is an endemic plant found in Sri Lanka which has valuable ornamental characteristics. A protocol is timely important to develop for rapid, efficient multiple callus induction, shoot induction and rooting. Stem and leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators were used for the study. The aim of the present study was to encompass the effects of plant growth regulators and explants on in vitro callus production, shoot regeneration and root formation of Exacum ritigalensis in diploid (28 n) and tetraploid (56 n) plants which have been exploited for genetic improvement programmes.Research Method: MS basal medium with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, mgL-1 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) with 0.1mgL-1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acitic acid (2,4-D) were used to produce callus from aseptically produced stem cuttings and leaves. MS basal medium with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, mgL-1 BAP and 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, mgL-1 Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were used for shoot and root induction respectively. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 10 replicates was used for each treatment and repeated the experiments five times.Findings: Results showed that stem cuttings were the best for callus induction compared to leaf explants of both diploid (1.4±0.1 cm2) and tetraploid (1.0±0.2 cm2) plant of E. ritigalensis within 19±2 days in MS basal medium supplemented with 2.0 mgL-1 BAP with 0.1 mgL-1 2,4-D. The best mean number of shoot proliferation from callus (diploid = 16.0±1.0 and tetraploid = 11.5±0.5) and stem cuttings (diploid = 12.0±2.0 and tetraploid = 10.5±0.5) were observed on MS basal medium supplemented with 2 mgL-1 BAP with the highest shoot length. The highest number of roots (diploid =11.5±0.1 and tetraploid = 9.5±0.2) and root length (diploid = 3.2±1.7 cm and tetraploid = 2.2±0.3 cm) were observed on MS medium with 2 mgL-1 IBA. Research Limitations: Cytokinin (BAP) was used for induce both callus and shoot regeneration.Originality/value: The present study was developed a protocol for regeneration of diploid and tetraploid plants of E. ritigalensis.
Effect of Delayed Chilling Regimes on the Physicochemical Microbiological and Sensory Properties of Beef from N’dama Cattle
Authors: Apata E.S , Eniolorunda O.O , Apata O.C , Kokumo O.E. , Olugbemi M.T. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose : This study was carried out to investigate the effect of delayed chilling regimes on quality of beef from N’dama cattle due to non-availability or epileptic supply of electricity, as well as non provision of chilling facilities at the slaughter house at Ayetoro town in Ogun State, Nigeria.Research Method : Three kilogrames of beef (thigh cut) of freshly slaughtered N’dama bull cattle was purchased and subdivided into six parts of 500g, each portion represented a chilling regime or treatment in a randomized experiment as follows: T0 = Immediate (Control), T1 = Chilling after 2hours delay, T2 = chilling after 4hours delay, T3 = chilling after 6hours delay, T4 = chilling after 8hours delay, T5 = chilling after 10hours delay and were chilled at 40C for 24 hours in a refrigerator and were removed for physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory quality analysis at p < 0.05.Findings : The result showed that there were significant differences in the physical, chemical, microbiological as well as sensory characteristics of the meat irrespective of the chilling regime. Meat colour, water holding capacity, cooking yield, fat, ash, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, texture and over all acceptability of the meat decreased (p < 0.05) as the delayed in time increased after 4hours. Research Limitation : This study was limited to the use of beef from N’dama bull cattle at Ayetoro, the headquarters of Yewa North Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. This was due to the fact that N’dama bull cattle are very common and often slaughter at this point.Originality/value : It was recommended based on the results from this study that beef from N’dama bull cattle should be chilled for 4 hours after slaughter otherwise its quality will deplete which might render the meat to be unacceptable to the consumers.
Bionomics of the pine needle scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), an emerging pest in Christmas tree (Pinaceae) plantations in southern Québec, Canada
Authors: Guay Jean-Frdéric , Bernier-Desmarais Amy , Doherty Jean-François , Cloutier Conrad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), has the status of an emerging pest in Christmas tree (Pinaceae) plantations in Québec, Canada. The scale is not known to cause any significant damage yet and is not generally monitored by growers. However, it can be an obstacle for exportation to Christmas tree markets where scale insects are strictly regulated. In this study, we describe its life cycle in Christmas tree plantations in southern Québec. We confirm the presence of both parthenogenetic and sexual forms of the scale on Fraser fir Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poiret (Pinaceae) grown as Christmas trees, and of parasitoid and Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) specialists that could contribute to its control.
Targeting of Liver Mannan-Binding Lectin–Associated Serine Protease-3 with RNA Interference Ameliorates Disease in a Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Banda Nirmal K , Desai Dhruv , Scheinman Robert I , Pihl Rasmus , Sekine Hideharu , Fujita Teizo , Sharma Vibha , Hansen Annette G , Garred Peter , Thiel Steffen , Borodovsky Anna , Holers V Michael 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Mannan-binding lectin–associated serine protease 3 (MASP-3) regulates the alternative pathway of complement and is predominantly synthesized in the liver. The role of liver-derived MASP-3 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unknown. We hypothesized that liver-derived MASP-3 is essential for the development of joint damage and that targeted inhibition of MASP-3 in the liver can attenuate arthritis. We used MASP-3–specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) conjugated to N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to specifically target the liver via asialoglycoprotein receptors. Active GalNAc–MASP3–siRNA conjugates were identified, and in vivo silencing of liver MASP-3 mRNA was demonstrated in healthy mice. The s.c. treatment with GalNAc–MASP-3–siRNAs specifically decreased the expression of MASP-3 in the liver and the level of MASP-3 protein in circulation of mice without affecting the levels of the other spliced products. In mice with collagen Ab–induced arthritis, s.c. administration of GalNAc–MASP-3–siRNA decreased the clinical disease activity score to 50% of controls, with decrease in histopathology scores and MASP-3 deposition. To confirm the ability to perform MASP-3 gene silencing in human cells, we generated a lentivirus expressing a short hairpin RNA specific for human MASP-3 mRNA. This procedure not only eliminated the short-term (at day 15) expression of MASP-3 in HepG2 and T98G cell lines but also diminished the long-term (at day 60) synthesis of MASP-3 protein in T98G cells. Our study demonstrates that isoform-specific silencing of MASP-3 in vivo modifies disease activity in a mouse model of RA and suggests that liver-directed MASP3 silencing may be a therapeutic approach in human RA.
Effect of different types of force on the amount of tooth movement, hyaline areas, and root resorption in rats
Authors: Cuoghi Osmar Aparecido , Tondelli Pedro Marcelo , Mendonça Marcos Rogério , Aiello Carlos Alberto , Costa Silvano Cesar da , Tanaka Orlando Motohiro 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Aims: This study evaluated the effects of using continuous, continuous interrupted, and intermittent forces on the roots and periodontal ligaments in the first molars of rats. Materials and Methods: The right first molars of 54 Wistar rats were moved with continuous force (CF group), continuous interrupted force (CIF group), or intermittent force (IF group) for 5, 7, and 9 days. Ankylosed incisors were used as anchors for the orthodontic tooth movement. To establish the different types of force, NiTi springs of 50 cN were maintained, deactivated, or removed for certain periods. Amounts of tooth movement, hyaline areas, and root resorption levels were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey’s test with a significance level of 5%. Results: There was no difference in the amount of tooth movement between the CF and CIF groups, which differed significantly from the IF group. The CF group demonstrated a significant formation of hyaline areas, nearly 5 times more, mainly on the fifth day. Conclusions: Continuous force produced more hyaline areas with greater probability of generating root resorption. Continuous interrupted force enabled better periodontal ligament repair and more efficient elimination of hyaline areas.
Carta de Cali, Colombia 2018
Authors: Anderson Maria Inez Padula , Fábrega Ricardo , Castillo Liliana Arias , Hernandéz Jaime Matute , Howe Amanda , Díaz Temistocles , Delgado Héctor Corratge , González Guillermo José González , Fraifer Sandra , Wasilckuk María Teresa Barán 
Published: September 2018

Durante los días 13 y 14 marzo de 2018 en Cal, Colombia se realizó la VII CUMBRE IBEROAMERICANA DE MEDICINA FAMILIAR con el tema: “CUARENTA AÑOS DE ALMA ATA: MEDICINA FAMILIAR Y SALUD DE LA FAMILIA, UN CAMINO PARA LA PAZ”.
Quantitative Detection of Beef Contamination in Cooked Meat Products by ELISA
Authors: Thienes Cortlandt P , Masiri Jongkit , Benoit Lora A , Barrios-Lopez Brianda , Samuel Santosh A , Krebs Richard A , Cox David P , Dobritsa Anatoly P , Nadala Cesar , Samadpour Mansour 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background: Concerns about the contamination of meat products with undeclared meats, and new regulations for the declaration of meat adulterants have established the need for a rapid test to detect beef adulteration to 0.1% sensitivity. Objective: To address this need, Microbiologique, Inc. has developed an ELISA that can quantify the presence of beef down to 0.1% (w/w) in cooked pork, horse, chicken, goat, and sheep meat. Results: The beef-authentication ELISA has an analytical sensitivity of 0.00022 and 0.00012% (w/v) for cooked and autoclaved beef, respectively, and an analytical range of quantitation of 0.025 to 2% (w/v), in the absence of other meats. Moreover, the assay is specific for cooked beef and does not cross react with common food matrixes. Conclusions: The assay is rapid, can be completed in 70 min, and can detect a 0.1% level of meat adulteration. The assay is an improvement over a previous U.S. Department of Agriculture’s tested assay, which is sensitive to 1% adulteration and takes 2.5–3 h to complete. Highlights: The Microbiologique Cooked Beef ELISA can quantitate cooked beef in the presence of pork, horse, chicken, goat, and sheep meat to 0.1% (w/w) and is not affected by common food matrixes.