bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors impair CD4 T cell immunity and exacerbate Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in aerosol-challenged mice
Authors: Mortensen Rasmus , Clemmensen Helena Strand , Woodworth Joshua S. , Therkelsen Marie Louise , Mustafa Tehmina , Tonby Kristian , Jenum Synne , Agger Else Marie , Dyrhol-Riise Anne Ma , Andersen Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTuberculosis, caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), kills over 1.6 million people each year despite availability of antibiotics. The increase in drug resistant Mtb strains is a major public health emergency and host-directed therapy as adjunct to antibiotic treatment has gained increased interest. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COXi) are frequently used drugs to alleviate tuberculosis related symptoms. Mouse studies of acute intravenous Mtb infection have suggested a potential benefit of COXi for host-directed therapy. Here we show that COXi treatment (ibuprofen and celecoxib) is detrimental to Mtb control in different mouse models of respiratory infection. This effect links to impairments of the Type-1 helper (Th1) T-cell response as CD4 T-cells in COXi-treated animals have significantly decreased Th1 differentiation, reduced IFNγ expression and decreased protective capacity upon adoptive transfer. If confirmed in clinical trials, these findings could have major impact on global health and question the use of COXi for host-directed therapy.
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in infantile hemangioma endothelial cells via down-regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Lou Lin , Chen Guo , Zhong Bing , Liu Feng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) has a variety of pharmacological and biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, anti-apoptosis, immune regulation and other pharmacological effects; however, the effect of LBP on infantile hemangioma (IH) was less reported. Primary human hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) were isolated from fresh surgical specimens of patients. HemECs was treated with LBP and the changes in proliferative and apoptotic signaling pathways were investigated by performing cell counting kit-8, cloning formation experiment, in vitro angiogenesis experiment, flow cytometry, Western blot, immunofluorescence, HE stain and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that LBP potently inhibited the proliferation of HemECs and achieved a low-micromolar IC50 (45 and 40 μg/ml, the half maximal inhibitory concentration) value and less angiogenesis, however, the IC50 had no effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) viability. LBP treatment induced apoptosis in HemECs, which was supported by positive Annexin-V-FITC staining, the activation of cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and the inhibition of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2). Moreover, the result demonstrated that LBP suppressed the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki67, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFR2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signal pathway. PI3K-specific agonist (IGF-1) had promotive effects on HemECs proliferation, which was reversed by LBP. Our study suggests that the effectiveness of LBP in IHs may be associated with its potent anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities in HemECs. Thus, our findings may provide an effective medicine for IHs treatment.
LncRNA SNHG1 alleviates IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis by inhibiting miR-16-5p-mediated p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways
Authors: Lei Jinlai , Fu Yahui , Zhuang Yan , Zhang Kun , Lu Daigang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) has been reported in the occurrence and development of several diseases, but its biological role and mechanism in osteoarthritis (OA) remain to be illuminated. In the present research, we aimed to investigate the effect of SNHG1 on IL-1β-induced OA and its molecular mechanism. Results revealed that SNHG1 decreased the expression of MMPs, ADAMTs, collagen, and aggrecan, and ameliorates IL-1β-induced metabolic dysfunction in normal human chondrocytes-keen. In addition, SNHG1 inhibited the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in chondrocytes, including NO, PGE2, IL-6, TNF-α, i-NOS, and COX-2. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that SNHG1 could directly interact with miR-16-5p and suppressed miR-16-5p expression and activity. What is more, miR-16-5p overexpression reversed SNHG1-inhibited aberrant catabolism and inflammation triggered by IL-1β stimulation. Finally, SNHG1 inhibits the expression of miR-16-5p-mediated factors involved in p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, including ERK1/2, p-p38 and p-p65. Taken together, the results of our studies illuminate that SNHG1 alleviates the inflammation of IL-1β-induced OA through the activation of miR-16-5p-mediated p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway. It suggested that SNHG1 may serve as a potential target for OA diagnosis and treatment.
Vitamine und Gesundheit
Authors: Biesalski Hans Konrad 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungWenn es um gesunde Ernährung und dabei ganz besonders um Vitamine geht, so wird immer wieder darauf hingewiesen: „Wir brauchen keine (zusätzlichen) Vitamine, wir haben genug Obst und Gemüse!“ Beides ist nicht wirklich richtig! Natürlich brauchen wir Vitamine und wir haben durchaus auch genügend Obst und Gemüse. Allerdings sind Obst und Gemüse nicht alleine ausreichend, wenn es um die Versorgung mit Vitaminen geht!
Kulturheilkunde und soziale Gesundheit
Authors: Huber Ellis 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungEin zerbrechendes soziales Bindegewebe prägt heute Gesundheit und Krankheit mehr als das individuelle Organversagen. Die Zivilisationskrankheiten erfordern eine couragierte Sozialmedizin und eine Naturheilkunde, die die soziale Gesundheit ebenso stärkt wie die individuelle Resilienz. Den Menschen helfen, mit sich selbst, mit ihrer Lebenswelt, mit der Gesellschaft und mit der Natur ins Reine zu kommen, beschreibt die Aufgabe einer politischen Komplementärmedizin.
Bewusst kauen – bewusst entspannen
Authors: Thomae Anna Maria 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungBewusstes Kauen ist eine sanfte Methode, um Alltagsstress abzubauen. Sie stellt eine wertvolle Ergänzung vorhandener schulmedizinischer Therapiearten bei Craniomandibulärer Dysfunktion (CMD) mit neuromuskulär bedingten Störungen dar, da sie das Bewusstsein schult und das Körperempfinden sowie die Körperkoordination verbessert. Die Technik des Bewussten Kauens steht jedem zur Verfügung, der in Kontakt mit der Kiefermuskeln-Aktivität treten und sich deren Ursprungsaufgaben vergegenwärtigen möchte.
Primäre Prävention – Mamma- und Genitalkarzinome
Authors: Preuß Caroline , Heindl Felix , Hein Alexander , Koch Martin C. , Gaß Paul , Beckmann Matthias W. , Lux Michael P. , Emons Julius 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren haben sich Diagnostik und Therapie im Bereich der gynäkologischen Onkologie und Senologie stetig weiterentwickelt. Dennoch ist das Versterben an einer Krebserkrankung in den hoch entwickelten Ländern eine der häufigsten Todesursachen der Frau 1. Maßnahmen zur Primärprävention sind daher von hoher Bedeutung, um die Morbidität und Mortalität von Krebserkrankungen zu senken.
Segment Coordination Variability During Double Leg Bodyweight Squats at Different Tempos
Authors: King Adam C. , Hannan Kelci B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aims of this study were twofold: 1) to examine lower extremity coordination during bodyweight squats performed at two different tempos, and 2) to establish a reliable measure of segment coordination variability. Eighteen subjects (10 F, 8 M) completed bodyweight squats at preferred (self-paced) and non-preferred (metronome-paced) tempos. A modified vector coding approach used kinematic data to compute absolute couplings patterns and coordination variability for three couplings (foot-shank, shank-thigh, thigh-trunk) in three planes of motion for the descent and ascent phases of a squat cycle. A coordination variability reliability equation was used to determine the number of squats needed for a reliable index of movement variability relative to total variability over 20 squats. Tempo did not significantly alter the absolute coordination patterns of any couplings. The reliability equation revealed that 5–9 squats were needed for a reliable coordination variability measure. Nine squats provided a reliable measure of coordination that is comparable to using 20 double leg squats in the calculation. Using nine squats ensures reliable calculations in the frontal, sagittal and transverse planes at preferred and non-preferred speeds. These results can be used to guide clinical evaluation of acceptable levels of movement variability during rehabilitation.
Hautkrebsprävention und Sonnenschutzcreme: Ein Update
Authors: Lademann Jürgen , Patzelt A. , Zastrow L. , Meinke M. C. , Darvin M. E. , Knorr F. 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren sind die Hautkrebsraten weltweit gestiegen. Die Anwendung von Sonnenschutzmitteln ist eine weit verbreitete Strategie in der Prävention gegen Hautkrebs, Sonnenbrand und Fotoalterung. Es sollten kombinierte Breitbandfiltersysteme mit hoher Wirkung gegen UV-B- und UV-A-Strahlung eingesetzt werden. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um die Entwicklung von Sonnenschutzmitteln gegen die ebenfalls schädlichen IRA-Strahlen voranzutreiben. Obwohl die regelmäßige Anwendung von Sonnenschutzmitteln ein wesentlicher Bestandteil in der Hautkrebsprävention ist, sollten insbesondere bei Kindern kombinierte Schutzmaßnahmen angewendet werden: Sonnenkarenz bei starker Sonneneinstrahlung, textiler Sonnenschutz, Aufenthalt im Schatten und die Anwendung von Sonnenschutzmitteln.
Recent Advances Towards Syntheses of Diterpenoid Alkaloids
Authors: Dank Christian , Sanichar Randy , Choo Ken-Loon , Olsen Madeline , Lautens Mark 
Published: August 2019

The diterpenoid alkaloids serve as a rich source of synthetic targets for organic chemists, due to the intriguing structure of the overlapping ring systems, along with biological activities commonly associated with compounds of this group. Fifteen total syntheses and numerous synthetic studies towards construction of ring fragments have been reported since 2010. This review article gives a brief overview of diterpenoid alkaloids and summarizes the recent synthetic efforts.1	Introduction1.1	Structural Classification and Biosynthetic Origin1.2	Structure Elucidation of the Aconitum Alkaloids2	Total Syntheses2.1	C18-Diterpenoid Alkaloids2.2	C19-Diterpenoid Alkaloids2.3	C20-Diterpenoid Alkaloids3	Strategies To Synthesize Ring Systems3.1	Radical-Based Cyclizations3.2	Ruthenium-Mediated Enyne Cycloisomerization3.3	Reductive Coupling3.4	Diels–Alder Reactions3.5	Oxidative Dearomatization/Diels–Alder Sequence3.6	Transannular Aziridation3.7	Intramolecular [5+2] Cycloaddition3.8	Miscellaneous4	Conclusion
A Bioinformatics Toolkit: In Silico Tools and Online Resources for Investigating Genetic Variation
Authors: Webster Simon J. , Aldossary Maryam A. , Hampshire Daniel J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith the advent of large-scale next-generation sequencing initiatives, there is an increasing importance to interpret and understand the potential phenotypic influence of identified genetic variation and its significance in the human genome. Bioinformatics analyses can provide useful information to assist with variant interpretation. This review provides an overview of tools/resources currently available, and how they can help predict the impact of genetic variation at the deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein level.
Advances in Fetal Surgery: Current and Future Relevance in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Gimenez Alejandro , Kopkin Rachel , Chang Daniel K. , Belfort Michael , Reece Edward M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractScarless healing has long been the holy grail for plastic surgery. While historically fetal surgery has tempted plastic surgeons with the allure of scarless correction of congenital abnormalities, the risks far outweighed the benefits and these interventions never materialized. Current advances in fetal surgery with minimally invasive fetoscopic surgery have made these early fetal interventions safer, leading to expanding applications. While the plastic surgeon's role is limited as of yet, this article provides a review of the history of fetal surgery and the advances that may become relevant to the future plastic surgeon.
Cartilage Grafting
Authors: Agrawal Nikhil , Yari Shawn , Engles Drew , Reece Edward M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractArthritis remains a widespread and yet unsolved therapeutic dilemma. Cartilage grafting has proven to be difficult and satisfactory results are often elusive. There are several inherent difficulties. These include both chondrocyte migration and the lack of sufficient uptake of nutrients to allow for graft survival. With autografts, there is also the paucity of symptom-free donor sites. Accordingly, multiple alternative therapies for cartilage regeneration and/or substitution have been developed over time. In this article, the authors shall discuss the options for the treatment of damaged cartilage with a focus on the cartilage grafting techniques.
Four-rod Technique Stabilization after Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy (PSO) for the Treatment of Thoracolumbar Hyperkyphosis Secondary to Pott Disease: A Two-Year Follow-Up Case Report
Authors: Barcelos Alecio Cristino Evangelista Santos , Pinto Sterphany Ohana Soares Azevedo , Teixeira Thaise Ellen de Moura Agra , Nicolau Rayana Ellen Fernandes 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is a powerful tool for the management of sagittal misalignment. However, this procedure has a high rate of implant failure, particularly rod breakages. The four-rod technique diminishes this complication in the lumbar spine. The aim of the present study is to provide a case report regarding PSO and four-rod technique stabilization in the treatment of short-angle hyperkyphosis in the thoracolumbar (TL) junction. The authors describe the case of a patient with TL hyperkyphosis secondary to spinal tuberculosis treated with L1 PSO and fixation with a four-rod technique. There were no major surgical complications. The self-reported quality of life questionnaires (the Short-Form Health Survey 36 [SF-36] and the Oswestry disability index) and radiological parameters were assessed preoperatively, as well as 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery, and they showed considerable and sustained improvements in pain control and quality of life. No hardware failure was observed at the two-year follow-up.
Comments on the Retraction by PLoS ONE of a Laboratory Study on Arnica montana
Authors: Bellavite Paolo , Marzotto Marta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn June 2019, the journal PLoS ONE retracted an original research article, published in 2016, which described the effects of homeopathic Arnica montana on interleukin-4 treated human macrophages. The results showed an increase in extracellular matrix gene expression, including the gene encoding fibronectin, which is one of the main proteins involved in connective tissue healing. Here, the authors of the article discuss the critical points raised by the journal in the retraction note, with a focus on the specific methodological aspects of research on high dilutions of natural compounds. The editorial arguments made to justify the retraction did not prove any methodological errors, nor scientific misconduct. As a general rule, when a study published by a group of researchers raises scientific doubts because the results appear at variation with the commonly accepted knowledge in a field, the study is repeated by other scholars and any contrasting results are published and/or discussed. Therefore, retraction of the Arnica m. study by PLoS ONE is a violation of the conventions of scientific publication and knowledge-sharing methods derived from honest experimental method.
Variation and change in a specialized register
Authors: Smith Nicholas , Waters Cathleen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCorpus-based studies of specialized registers typically sample texts using random methods as far as possible, but they disregard social characteristics of the speakers/writers. In contrast, in corpus-based studies of conversation and quantitative sociolinguistic studies, sampling is more typically designed to optimize social representation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compare linguistic outcomes from random versus sociolinguistic sampling in a specialized register. Our data comes from the biographical radio chat show,Desert Island Discs(DID), at different points in time. We constructed two versions of aDIDcorpus: a sociolinguistic judgment sample based on guest demographics, and a random sample. We compare grammatical usage between them using an inductive (‘key POS-tags’) method and close manual analysis, uncovering some evidence of significant grammatical differences between the samples and differing patterns of diachronic change. We discuss the implications of our research for corpus design, representativeness and analysis in specialized registers.
Robust optical clock transitions in trapped ions using dynamical decoupling
Authors: Aharon Nati , Spethmann Nicolas , Leroux Ian D , Schmidt Piet O , Retzker Alex 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present a novel method for engineering an optical clock transition that is robust against external field fluctuations and is able to overcome limits resulting from field inhomogeneities. The technique is based on the application of continuous driving fields to form a pair of dressed states essentially free of all relevant shifts. Specifically, the clock transition is robust to magnetic field shifts, quadrupole and other tensor shifts, and amplitude fluctuations of the driving fields. The scheme is applicable to either a single ion or an ensemble of ions, and is relevant for several types of ions, such as

40

Ca

+

,

88

Sr

+

,

138

Ba

+

and

176

Lu

+

. Taking a spherically symmetric Coulomb crystal formed by 400

40

Ca

+

ions as an example, we show through numerical simulations that the inhomogeneous linewidth of tens of Hertz in such a crystal together with linear Zeeman shifts of order 10 MHz are reduced to form a linewidth of around 1 Hz. We estimate a two-order-of-magnitude reduction in averaging time compared to state-of-the art single ion frequency references, assuming a probe laser fractional instability of

10

−
15

. Furthermore, a statistical uncertainty reaching 2.9 × 10−16 in 1 s is estimated for a cascaded clock scheme in which the dynamically decoupled Coulomb crystal clock stabilizes the interrogation laser for an

27

Al

+

clock.
Physical activity in hospitalised older people: the feasibility and acceptability of a volunteer-led mobility intervention in the SoMoVe™ study
Authors: Lim Stephen , Ibrahim Kinda , Dodds Richard , Purkis Annette , Baxter Mark , Rogers Anne , Sayer Avan Aihie , Roberts Helen C 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesto determine the feasibility and acceptability of a volunteer-led mobility intervention to improve activity levels of older inpatients.Designpre-post mixed methods study.Settingacute medical wards for older people.Participantsone hundred inpatients aged ≥70 years who were mobile prior to hospitalisation: 50 participants were recruited before and 50 after the intervention was established. Twenty-five participants (patients, nurses, therapists and volunteers) were interviewed to determine the acceptability of the intervention.Interventionstwice daily volunteer-led mobility and bedside exercises.Main outcome measuresthe feasibility of delivering a volunteer-led mobility intervention, including the recruitment, training and retention of volunteers and the acceptability of the intervention to patients and healthcare professionals. Secondary outcome measures included objectively measured daily step count, length of stay, 30-day readmission and any adverse events.Resultsseventeen volunteers were recruited, 16 completed training and 12 were retained. Fifty participants (mean age 86 years) received the intervention, with a median daily step count of 912 steps (interquartile range [IQR] 295–1824) compared to the baseline group (n = 50, mean age 87 years) of 636 steps (IQR 298–1468). No adverse events were reported. The intervention was acceptable to patients and staff. Facilitating factors of the intervention included the social aspect of the intervention and perceived benefits by stakeholders. Barriers identified included the busy clinical environment and lack of awareness of the intervention among staff.Conclusionsit was feasible to deliver a volunteer-led mobility intervention including the recruitment, training and retention of volunteers. The intervention was safe and acceptable to healthcare professionals and patients.
Synapsin I Synchronizes GABA Release in Distinct Interneuron Subpopulations
Authors: Forte N , Binda F , Contestabile A , Benfenati F , Baldelli P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Neurotransmitters can be released either synchronously or asynchronously with respect to action potential timing. Synapsins (Syns) are a family of synaptic vesicle (SV) phosphoproteins that assist gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release and allow a physiological excitation/inhibition balance. Consistently, deletion of either or both Syn1 and Syn2 genes is epileptogenic. In this work, we have characterized the effect of SynI knockout (KO) in the regulation of GABA release dynamics. Using patch-clamp recordings in hippocampal slices, we demonstrate that the lack of SynI impairs synchronous GABA release via a reduction of the readily releasable SVs and, in parallel, increases asynchronous GABA release. The effects of SynI deletion on synchronous GABA release were occluded by ω-AgatoxinIVA, indicating the involvement of P/Q-type Ca2+channel-expressing neurons. Using in situ hybridization, we show that SynI is more expressed in parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, characterized by synchronous release, than in cholecystokinin or SOM interneurons, characterized by a more asynchronous release. Optogenetic activation of PV and SOM interneurons revealed a specific reduction of synchronous release in PV/SynIKO interneurons associated with an increased asynchronous release in SOM/SynIKO interneurons. The results demonstrate that SynI is differentially expressed in interneuron subpopulations, where it boosts synchronous and limits asynchronous GABA release.