bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Strivers”, “doers”, and “seekers”: Social workers and their commitment to the job
Authors: Smith Roger , Venn Laura , Stepanova Evgenia , Carpenter John , Patsios Demi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAmid considerable interest in the experiences of early career professionals in social work in England and internationally, and the relationship between these and retention and progression, this article reports on the findings of one element of a larger evaluation. It reports the findings and analysis of interviews with 42 relative newcomers to social work, some 3 years following qualification, focusing on their current career orientations, and how these appear to affect their future intentions.We identified three distinct groups, designated as “strivers,” “doers,” and “seekers.” Each of these groups demonstrated a different kind and level of commitment to their social work role and identity: Strivers were oriented towards career progression and taking on senior roles; doers were committed practitioners who saw themselves as continuing in front line service delivery for the foreseeable future; and seekers, although still committed to social work in principle, tended to be more unsure about their future place in the profession.This typology appears to be reasonably robust on the basis of our investigation and has implications for career planning and supervision of social work professionals, especially at the early stages of their careers.
Children in immediate danger: Emergency removals in Finnish and Irish child protection
Authors: Lamponen Tuuli , Pösö Tarja , Burns Kenneth 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a qualitative analysis of front‐line practices regarding emergency removals in Finnish and Irish child protection. It examines how the responses to children's immediate danger are framed by legislation and how front‐line practitioners assess the child's situation and make emergency placement decisions. The data consist of interviews with 16 Irish and 33 Finnish social workers. These child welfare protection systems respond differently to a task that appears to be similar. The Irish team‐based practice rests on the social workers' shared assessment of the child's needs, and the formal decision is made by the courts (or police officers at night‐time); and the Finnish practice involves only one single social worker who makes both the assessment and the removal decision. The Irish system is tightly time regulated, whereas the Finnish system provides a more flexible time frame. Both approaches put a lot of stress on social workers' practice, which also includes creative workarounds (e.g., “planned emergency removals” in Finland). Future research will need to explore these features from the point of view of a child's right to protection.
Neuroanatomical correlates of sensory deficits in children with neonatal arterial ischemic stroke
Authors: Giudice Catharina , Rogers Elizabeth E , Johnson Bridget C , Glass Hannah C , Shapiro Kevin A 
Published: December 2018

AimOur aim was to characterize the sensory processing outcome following neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS) and identify neuroanatomical correlates of abnormal sensory processing.MethodWe evaluated children with NAIS longitudinally at 12 months, 18 months, and/or 30 months in areas of cognitive, motor, and language development. We gathered sensory processing data using the Sensory Profile‐2 Caregiver Questionnaire. These data were analyzed against early magnetic resonance imaging using a voxel‐based approach.ResultsEighteen children (10 males, 8 females) with NAIS were evaluated longitudinally, of which six exhibited atypical sensory processing. Children with sensory processing deficits had lower overall developmental scores in motor, cognitive, and language domains. Neuroanatomical correlates were identified in the posterior periventricular white matter extending superiorly into the supramarginal gyrus, and inferiorly into the fusiform and inferior temporal gyri.InterpretationOur results provide new evidence that children with NAIS may experience difficulty processing sensory information, which is most likely associated with injuries in the posterior periventricular white matter, supramarginal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and posterior thalamic radiation.What this paper adds

Atypical sensory processing is common in children with neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS).

NAIS territories in sensory areas were correlated with atypical sensory processing behaviors.

Children with NAIS may benefit from early interventions targeted toward sensory processing.

Future research mapping NAIS injuries using early magnetic resonance imaging may predict long‐term outcomes.
Immunotherapy in selected patients with Down syndrome disintegrative disorder
Authors: Cardinale Kathleen M , Bocharnikov Alexandra , Hart Sarah J , Baker Jane Ann , Eckstein Christopher , Jasien Joan M , Gallentine William , Worley Gordon , Kishnani Priya S , Van Mater Heather 
Published: December 2018

Down syndrome disintegrative disorder (DSDD) is an increasingly identified condition characterized by cognitive decline, autistic characteristics, insomnia, catatonia, and psychosis in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome. Previously we reported a higher rate of autoimmune thyroid disease in these patients compared with unaffected individuals with Down syndrome. We therefore hypothesized DSDD may in some cases be immune‐mediated. Here we report four cases of DSDD treated with immunotherapy. Families were interviewed retrospectively for symptoms of cognitive decline, autism, catatonia, psychosis, and insomnia before and after treatment, using established scales where possible. Medical records were reviewed for evaluations and treatment. All four patients received intravenous immunoglobulin with or without additional immunotherapy. Significant improvements were seen in catatonia, insomnia, autistic features, cognition, and psychosis. In this small case series of patients with autoimmunity, core symptoms of DSDD improved significantly after immunotherapy. This supports the hypothesis that, in some patients, DSDD is immune‐mediated. Immunotherapy should be considered in the treatment of DSDD, particularly in patients with a history of autoimmunity.What this paper adds

Immunotherapy may improve symptoms of catatonia, insomnia, autism severity, cognitive decline, and psychosis in Down syndrome disintegrative disorder.
Regional Trade Agreements in East Asia: Past and Future
Authors: Park Innwon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMotivationProliferating regional trade agreements (RTAs) in East Asia since the region’s financial crisis in 1997 have been hotly debated. To date, however, no research has comprehensively examined the desirability of East Asian RTAs based on such factors as membership and evolutionary paths.PurposeWe assess, retrospectively and prospectively, East Asian countries’ efforts to liberalize the regional market through co‐operation. We investigate (i) why RTAs have proliferated in East Asia; (ii) the main characteristics of East Asian RTAs; (iii) whether East Asian countries are desirable trading partners for one another; and (iv) the prospects of East Asian RTAs.Approach and methodsWe conduct a qualitative analysis on the desirability of East Asian partnership and examine quantitative studies of the likely impacts of East Asian RTAs on members, non‐members, and the global economy.FindingsWe verify that East Asian neighbours are appropriate trading partners for the formation of RTAs.Policy implicationsWe recommend that East Asian RTAs should follow an expansionary path such as the five ASEAN+1 RTAs to the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) to the Free Trade Area of the Asia‐Pacific (FTAAP). Moreover, the region must co‐operate with major external trading partners by forming cross‐regional RTAs with the European Union (EU) and United States (US). Two priority changes must also be implemented: the harmonization or simplification of the rules of origin and cumulation of value contents among East Asian RTA members.
Quantification of rheumatic mitral stenosis severity with three‐dimensional vena contracta area
Authors: Gök Gülay , Çınar Tufan , Sayar Nurten 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionRheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) is an important health issue in developing countries. Assessment of the correct mitral valve area (MVA) is essential for the timing of intervention. Most of the parameters for the assessment of rheumatic MS are derived from Two‐dimensional (2D) echocardiography. Three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography is commonly used in our daily practice at the present time. The aim of this study was to assess the value of 3D echocardiography mitral valve vena contracta area (VCA) in predicting the severity of Rheumatic MS by comparing 3D planimetry.MethodsThe patients, who had been diagnosed as mild, moderate, and severe rheumatic MS with conventional methods (pressure half time, planimetry) by 2D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)/ transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), underwent 3D TEE evaluation. Also, the patients who had an atrial fibrillation and more than moderate aortic regurgitation were included in the study. 3D TEE full volume mitral valve VCA was measured in end‐diastole during its largest dimensions. 3D TEE full volume and 3D zoom MVA planimetry were measured at the end‐diastole during the mitral valve`s largest opening.ResultsWe studied 40 patients (the mean age: 51.1 ± 11.6 years, 31 females) with rheumatic MS. 3D TEE VCA was found to be highly correlated with the 3D TEE MVA (r = 0.82, P < 0.001).ConclusionOur study findings provide evidence that 3D TEE mitral valve VCA can be additionally used in detecting the severity of rheumatic MS.
Fitter frogs from polluted ponds: The complex impacts of human‐altered environments
Authors: Brady Steven P. , Zamora‐Camacho Francisco J. , Eriksson Fredrik A. A. , Goedert Debora , Comas Mar , Calsbeek Ryan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHuman‐modified habitats rarely yield outcomes that are aligned with conservation ideals. Landscapes that are subdivided by roads are no exception, precipitating negative impacts on populations due to fragmentation, pollution, and road kill. Although many populations in human‐modified habitats show evidence for local adaptation, rarely does environmental change yield outright benefits for populations of conservation interest. Contrary to expectations, we report surprising benefits experienced by amphibian populations breeding and dwelling in proximity to roads. We show that roadside populations of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, exhibit better locomotor performance and higher measures of traits related to fitness compared with frogs from less disturbed environments located further away from roads. These results contrast previous evidence for maladaptation in roadside populations of wood frogs studied elsewhere. Our results indicate that altered habitats might not be unequivocally detrimental and at times might contribute to metapopulation success. While the frequency of such beneficial outcomes remains unknown, their occurrence underscores the complexity of inferring consequences of environmental change.
Patient and public involvement in medical performance processes: A systematic review
Authors: Lalani Mirza , Baines Rebecca , Bryce Marie , Marshall Martin , Mead Sol , Barasi Stephen , Archer Julian , Regan de Bere Samantha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) continues to develop as a central policy agenda in health care. The patient voice is seen as relevant, informative and can drive service improvement. However, critical exploration ofPPI's role within monitoring and informing medical performance processes remains limited.ObjectiveTo explore and evaluate the contribution ofPPIin medical performance processes to understand its extent, purpose and process.Search strategyThe electronic databases PubMed, PsycINFOand Google Scholar were systematically searched for studies published between 2004 and 2018.Inclusion criteriaStudies involving doctors and patients and all forms of patient input (eg, patient feedback) associated with medical performance were included.Data extraction and synthesisUsing an inductive approach to analysis and synthesis, a coding framework was developed which was structured around three key themes: issues that shapePPIin medical performance processes; mechanisms forPPI; and the potential impacts ofPPIon medical performance processes.Main resultsFrom 4772 studies, 48 articles (from 10 countries) met the inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that the extent ofPPIin medical performance processes globally is highly variable and is primarily achieved through providing patient feedback or complaints. The emerging evidence suggests thatPPIcan encourage improvements in the quality of patient care, enable professional development and promote professionalism.Discussion and conclusionsDeveloping more innovative methods ofPPIbeyond patient feedback and complaints may help revolutionize the practice ofPPIinto a collaborative partnership, facilitating the development of proactive relationships between the medical profession, patients and the public.
Photodynamic therapy in endodontics
Authors: Plotino G. , Grande N. M. , Mercade M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that was initiated in 1900; however, it was not until the last decade that PDT regained attention for its several favourable features during the treatment of microbial infections in endodontics. Recently, several papers advocated its use for root canal treatment. The concept of photodynamic inactivation requires microbial exposure to either exogenous or endogenous photosensitizer molecules, followed by visible light energy, typically wavelengths in the red/near‐infrared region that cause the excitation of the photosensitizers resulting in the production of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species that react with intracellular components and consequently produce cell inactivation and death. Recently, PDT has been suggested as a promising effective adjunct to standard antimicrobial intracanal cleaning and shaping for the treatment of periapical lesions. Current publications tested PDT in terms of bacterial load reduction in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo, showing promising results. The purpose of this article was to review the existing literature on PDT in the endodontic field regarding its mechanism of action, photosensitizers and light sources, limitations and clinical procedures. Although positive results have been demonstrated in vitro, there are considerably fewer in vivo investigations. In conclusion, more in vivo studies are needed on the use of antimicrobial PDT in root canal treatment.
Repetitive firing and wing stiffness in the locomotory musculature of the pteropod Clione limacina
Authors: Satterlie Richard A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe locomotory musculature of the pteropod Clione limacina includes slow‐twitch, fatigue‐resistant muscle fibers and fast‐twitch fatigable fibers. Dorsal musculature produces a dorsal bend of the wing, while ventral musculature produces a ventral bend. During the change to fast swimming, ~10% of the slow‐twitch fibers, including both dorsal and ventral fibers, exhibit fast repetitive firing that greatly exceeds the in‐phase excitation of the appropriate wing musculature. The normal wing‐beat frequency for fast swimming is 2–4 Hz, while repetitive firing occurs at 11 Hz. A component of fast‐swimming control is excitation of Pd‐SW neurons of the pedal ganglion. These cells are serotonin immunoreactive, and they innervate the slow‐twitch musculature of the wing. Induced excitation of a Pd‐SW neuron was capable of triggering repetitive firing in some slow‐twitch muscle cells. Repetitive firing in a subset of muscle fibers of the swim musculature could represent a contribution to wing stiffening, which has been documented to occur during the change to fast swimming.
Kinetics of ion‐exchange‐induced vitrification of glass‐ceramics
Authors: Lipovskii Andrey A. , Redkov Alexey V. , Rtischeva Alexandra A. , Tagantsev Dmitry K. , Zhurikhina Valentina V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicro‐Raman spectroscopy was applied to characterize the ion‐exchange‐induced vitrification of silicate glass‐ceramics with lithium metasilicate crystalline phase. In parallel, the glass‐ceramics vitrification was simulated on the base of the theory developed. Comparison of the data obtained with micro‐Raman spectroscopy with the results of the simulation allowed revealing the kinetic parameters of vitrification process and evaluating the corresponding activation energies. These experimental approach and theory can be applied to other types of glass‐ceramics.
High school students' perceptions of affect and collaboration during virtual science inquiry learning
Authors: Pietarinen Tarja , Vauras Marja , Laakkonen Eero , Kinnunen Riitta , Volet Simone 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study examined affect during high school students' face‐to‐face collaborative inquiry learning in science, supported by the web‐based software Virtual Baltic Sea Explorer. Self‐reported affective states during the inquiry process in peer groups were related to evaluations of a group's collaboration and performance in three phases of interdisciplinary science inquiry (biology and chemistry). Results indicate that despite high cognitive demands, positive affect prevailed whereas negative affect was infrequent. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the significance of affect on collaboration and group performance. The relationship between affect, collaboration, and the groups' productive outcome revealed that self‐assurance had a significant effect on collaboration and support, intertwined with scientific understanding and group performance. Furthermore, a cross‐lagged analysis showed a reciprocal relation between positive affect, scientific understanding, collaboration, and support. These outcomes contribute to the scarce literature on the nature and importance of affect in the process of face‐to‐face computer‐supported collaborative inquiry and learning in science.
Reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the Chinese Short‐Form 36 Health Survey version 2 (SF‐36v2) in women with breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Kaina , Li Minjie , Wang Wen , An Jinghua , Huo Lanting , He Xiaole , Li Jin , Zhuang Guihua , Li Xiaomei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe psychometrics of the Short‐Form 36 Health Survey version 2 (SF‐36v2) in female breast cancer patients remains unknown. This study aimed to test the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the Chinese SF‐36v2 in women with breast cancer.MethodsThe sample included 326 eligible participants. The reliability and the item convergent and discriminant validity were estimated using Cronbach α (≥0.70) and the multi‐trait multi‐item matrix analysis, respectively. The structural validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Sensitivity was determined via an analysis of variance and the relative efficiency for initially diagnosed cases (yes vs no) as well as the time since diagnosis (years) before and after stratifying by initially diagnosed cases.ResultsThe overall Cronbach α was 0.91 (eight scales range: 0.72‐0.92). All hypothesized item‐scale correlations were greater than the alternatives (r ≥ 0.40). With acceptable model fit indices, the physical functioning, role‐physical, bodily pain, and general health subscales had stronger contributions to the physical component summary (goodness‐of‐fit index [GFI]: 0.92, parsimony goodness‐of‐fit index [PGFI]: 0.60, comparative fit index [CFI]: 0.91, Tucker‐Lewis index [TLI]: 0.93, adjusted goodness‐of‐fit index [AGFI]: 0.91, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]: 0.06, normed chi‐squared [NC]: 2.65), while the vitality, social functioning, role‐emotional, and mental health subscales contributed more to the mental component summary (GFI: 0.91, PGFI: 0.62, CFI: 0.91, TLI: 0.92, AGFI: 0.91, RMSEA: 0.07, NC: 2.76). The relative efficiencies with significant F‐statistics were found for mental health (relative efficiency: 34.28; initially diagnosed cases), physical functioning (12.88; time since diagnosis), and physical functioning (5.80), role‐physical (5.15), bodily pain (7.70), social functioning (4.62), role‐emotional (4.72), mental health (4.75), and physical component summary (6.96; initially diagnosed cases with time since diagnosis; P < 0.05 for all variables).ConclusionsChinese SF‐36v2 has acceptable psychometric properties and is suitable for women with breast cancer.
Investigation of radiation‐protection knowledge, attitudes, and practices of North Queensland dentists
Authors: Ihle Isabella R. , Neibling Emma , Albrecht Katia , Treston Hannah , Sholapurkar Amar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimQueensland has current radiation‐protection guidelines; however, with the absence of data exploring compliance and implementation, the efficacy is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes on radiation protection among private North Queensland (NQ) dentists.MethodsA quantitative methodology was employed in an observational and descriptive study using questionnaires for data collection.ResultsOf the 154 questionnaires distributed, 63 were completed and returned. The respondents’ knowledge concerning the technical details of their equipment was limited, with 31.5% and 47% not knowing the tube voltage and current utilized for their machines, respectively. In total, 23.8% of dentists had limited knowledge about the speed of the conventional film they used, 90.5% of respondents agreed that the role of imaging in dentistry is important, and 75.8% dentists reported the thyroid as the most important organ to protect during dental radiography. Their knowledge regarding position‐distance rule was reasonably adequate; 80.3% of the dental practices appeared to follow the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency guidelines, 95.2% preferred taking radiographs if it was only urgent, and 69.8% identified a need for spreading awareness regarding radiation protection.ConclusionsAn opportunity and need for further continuing education was identified among NQ dentists to ensure safety of patients.
Genetics of barley tiller and leaf development
Authors: Shaaf Salar , Bretani Gianluca , Biswas Abhisek , Fontana Irene Maria , Rossini Laura 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn cereals, tillering and leaf development are key factors in the concept of crop ideotype, introduced in the 1960s to enhance crop yield, via manipulation of plant architecture. In the present review, we discuss advances in genetic analysis of barley shoot architecture, focusing on tillering, leaf size and angle. We also discuss novel phenotyping techniques, such as 2D and 3D imaging, that have been introduced in the era of phenomics, facilitating reliable trait measurement. We discuss the identification of genes and pathways that are involved in barley tillering and leaf development, highlighting key hormones involved in the control of plant architecture in barley and rice. Knowledge on genetic control of traits related to plant architecture provides useful resources for designing ideotypes for enhanced barley yield and performance.