bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Dispersed Composition of Ash and Slag Waste from Boiler-House
Authors: Chebanova S A , Polyakov I V , Strelyaeva A B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This work is devoted to the investigation of the dispersed composition of ash and slag wastes of municipal services. Based on the results of the studies, recommendations were developed to improve the methods for calculating the level of negative impact of urban services with storage and disposal yards for ash and slag wastes. The relevance of the study is connected with the assessment of the level of urban air pollution by emissions of fine dust. It has been experimentally proven that the storage and disposal yards for ash and slag wastes are sources of particulate emissions of different diameters, including fine particles less than 10 μm (PM10) and less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Recommendations have been developed to improve existing methods of calculation of emissions of solid particles with the subsequent calculation of concentration of fine dust. The results of the approximation are presented in the processing of experimental data on diffraction distribution of the mass of solid particles entering the atmospheric air from storage and disposal yards of ash and slag wastes.
Tax Avoidance and Fiscal Limits: Optimization of Tax Bur-den on Economy with «Non-observed» Sector
Authors: Kakaulina M O 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article deal with problem to optimization of the level of tax burden on economy with «non-observed» sector. The methodology of this study is the concept of the Laffer curve. The main method of investigation is the graphical method.
The article presents different variants of graphical interpretation of the Laffer curve under conditions of «shadowing» the economy, revealing the main regularities, highlighting the «non- observed» sector, as well as reflecting the sensitivity of tax revenues to crisis phenomena.
Authors draw the following main conclusions. First, if the economy is on ascending branch of Laffer curve and at the same time the government doesn’t take into account the presence of «non-observed» sector, then an increase in tax rates leads to significantly overstated expected values of tax revenues. Second, if the economy is on descending branch of Laffer curve, then an increase in the tax burden has a deterrent effect on tax revenues - economic effects of tax policy would create an incentive to drop employment and production in the official sector, increase tax evasion. Thirdly, the economy without tax compliance problems is much more sensitive to economic crises than the economy with the illegal sector.
Thus, underestimation of «non-observed» sector of economy and neglect of the effects of income from tax avoidance call into the question the correctness of current fiscal policy.
The obtained results can be used to model the dependence of tax revenues and output on tax burden in economy with «non-observed» sector and to develop a sound fiscal policy.
Employment of Students as a Factor of the Development of Human Capital
Authors: Bannykh G , Myltasova O , Tikhomirova A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article states that the employment of students is one of the factors for the development of human capital. The purpose of the article is to show the influence of student employment on the development of human capital. The theoretical basis was the concepts of secondary employment, a statistical and socio-logical approach to assessing the employment of the unemployed, as well as the theory of the academic revolution.

Research methods: analysis of theoretical literature, foreign and domestic experience, secondary analysis of research data on secondary employment of student youth, authors’ own research using the method of mass questionnaires and focus groups.

Study results. The results of the research prove the influence of student employment on the development of human capital in the Russian Federation. This factor has a multi-valued effect depending on the initial labor motivation, as well as on the nature of the work performed, on the degree of communication between the place of work and the specialization and job placement received in the university. A model that describes the peculiarities of the employment of students of modern Russian universities in the development of human capital is proposed. The article makes the assumption of a change in the proportion of students oriented toward achieving practical and fast results, in the direction of increasing it. This shows a trend towards the transition of employment from the secondary to the basic category, as well as the motivation for labor relations from necessity to the form of consumption.
The Analysis of the Financial Condition of Small Business and the Ways of its Development in the Primorsky Territory
Authors: Levkina E V , Titova N Y 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Small business is the essence of development of any economy, providing the economic growth of the national economy and the welfare of the population. In the literature, the problems of assessing the financial condition of small businesses are highlighted recently, mainly on the example of countries with developed market economies. In conditions of internal structural reorganization, creation of territories for advanced development, improvement of the institutional environment, involvement of foreign investment in small business, the assessment of the current state of small business in Primorye is particularly significant. The purpose of the research is to study the theoretical, methodological and organizational issues of assessing the financial condition of small businesses in modern conditions and to propose ways of its development. Statistical and graphical methods of investigation are used in the work. Based on the study of methodological approaches for evaluating the financial condition of small business, the research presents a refined approach to a comprehensive reflection of the results of small business at the meso-level. According to the results of the analysis advantages and disadvantages of small business were identified, there was presented the evaluation of dynamics of main indicators characterizing the financial condition of small business in Primorsky region at the meso-level. Identification of factors of development of small business allows to suggest directions of sustainable business development.
The Realization of the Right of Peoples of the Asia-Pacific Region to Self-Determination: the Constitutional Dimension
Authors: Filyanina I M , Garbar A V , Gumenjuk E V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The author analyzes the constitutional compatibility of a number of countries in the Asia-Pacific region, namely: the Democratic people’s Republic of Korea, the people’s Republic of China, the Republic of Korea (South Korea), Japan, and Russia. It is noted that the growth of economic integration between the economies of East Asia does not lead to the elimination of deep strategic mistrust. Russia’s geographical, geopolitical and growing economic presence in the Asia-Pacific region is becoming a reality today. The study is based on the recognition of the identity of the development of each APR state, the legal consequence of which is the registration of statehood as a result of the realization of the right of people to self-determination.The analysis of the norms that have been enshrined at the international level and in the main national acts – Constitutions-is carried out.
The preamble to the Asia-Pacific Declaration is the starting point and has affirmed that all peoples have the fundamental and universally recognized right to self-determination, by virtue of which they freely determine their political status and pursue economic, social and cultural development. It is on the basis of that right that peoples have the right to permanent sovereignty over their natural wealth and resources. Constitutional models and formulas which imperatively fix realization of the right to self-determination by the people of the countries entering the Asia-Pacific region are investigated. The conclusion about the constitutional readiness for dialogue on the platform of the Asia-Pacific region is formulated, which should be included in the Russian integration strategy in the Asia-Pacific region.
The Usage of Means and Methods of Cross-Fit for the Development of Students’ Strength Endurance
Authors: Karas T U , Minka I N , Sherebtsova I V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The analysis of the content of the comprehensive program of physical education of students from 1 to 11 grades (authors VI Liakh, A.A Zdanevich) of the section “Elements of martial arts” was conducted. The modern physical culture and sports type of motor activity – cross-fit was studied. The characteristic features of the methodology for conducting cross-class studies are determined cconsidering on the specific choice of means and methods. Complexes of cross-fit exercises were made considering on the level of physical and technical preparedness of students. The methodical features were presented in the preparation and implementation of exercise complexes, as well as methods for their implementation. The introductory and final testing of the level of development of the power dynamic endurance for the boys and girls of the tenth classes was conducted. The results of the study necessitated the implementation of the offered complexes of cross-fit exercises for using in the sectional classes on the section “Elements of single combats". Complexes of exercises were used versatile and varied on different muscle groups, both with burdening of one’s own body, and with the use of weights of external objects. Locomotions of suggested complexes of cross-fit are available, different and allow to scale a content and conditions for motions implementation. Actualized organizational-methodical activities in the process of training sessions of students, due to the process of pedagogical experiment, allowed to solve a number of particular tasks directed to the formation of motor skills, to getting the knowledge of physical culture and sports, and to successfully prepare to implement All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex “Ready for Work and Defense” qualifying standards.
Ethnicity Preservation of Various “Socio-Diversity” Forms as One of the Important Principles of Sustainable Development
Authors: Bashta A I , Shostka V I , Zelentsova M G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The contemporary stage of society development is characterized by the inconsistency of two very ambiguous processes – the strengthening of the economy globalization and the growth of its regionalization in the system of interregional relations. The globalization of the economy is manifested by the market, which blurs the boundaries between countries, but regionalization, especially within the boundaries of national economic complexes, develops through the decentralization of management as a special type of economic relations management. The regional policy implementation can be effective only providing a specific objective assessment of the situation in the region, tasks and prospects of its development in the context of national priorities.
For the Republic of Crimea, issues related to interethnic conflicts are relevant within the framework of the conceptual regulations of socio-economic sustainable development. According to mentioned above issues, the analysis of the situation and processes preventing their development in multi-ethnical society are carried out. Sustainable development of the region proves to happen only as a result of ethic society renovation, the formation of a new system of values, new moral imperatives.
Challenges to Waste Management System in the Russian Fed-eration
Authors: Tagaeva T , Kazantseva L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
According to environmentalists, ecological situation in the Russian Federation persists as a negative trend showing no signs of improvement. Accumulation of industrial and consumption wastes, which tends to increase every year, seems to be the most problematic issue today. The Russian waste treatment technologies considerably lag behind those in the developed countries where about 90% of waste is utilized. This article addresses sectoral and regional aspects of waste management and presents estimated amounts of generated waste calculated with the use of a dynamic model of intersectoral balance. Calculations have shown that to reduce waste generation rate by a factor of two, it is necessary to increase the share of waste processing and neutralization up to 70% (in 2016 it was 59,6%). Catching up with advanced nations does not seem feasible during the projection period. The article focuses on the priority importance of processing industrial waste which storage requires alienation of large areas of agricultural land.
Comparative Analysis of the Infrastructure of the Regional Markets of Tourist Services on the Russian Far East
Authors: Verkhoturov D M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the state of the infrastructure of regional markets for tourism services in the Far Eastern region. The thesis is substantiated that a paradoxical situation has emerged in the tourism services market: the growing infrastructure and the number of operators, the profitability of the maintenance of infrastructure falls. The criterion for evaluating efficiency should not be the natural-quantitative indicators, as it has developed now, but value (monetary) meters. The overbending of collective accommodation facilities, distributed on the territory of the region, is achieved not because of the demand, but because of their low capacity and small quantity. Moreover, the typical situation for the region was the situation where instead of one old, physically and morally worn out, but a large hotel in the same territory, two or more hotels are being built, which technically can surpass it by the number of rooms, but significantly concede in class. For example, capsule hotels. In general, the existing infrastructure is built outside the logic of tourism, without linking with points of attraction. Qualitatively, according to expert estimates, the infrastructure has developed its resource by more than 95%.
Business Model of Ecologically Balanced Reproduction of Fuel Resources from Waste
Authors: Vertakova Y V , Babich T N , Plotnikov V A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In modern conditions, the problem of waste processing is one of the most difficult and important. Traditionally in Russia, waste is processed by storing at landfills or burning. These methods are environmentally hazardous. The use of waste as raw materials is more promising. This requires new technological and economic developments. The purpose of the study is to form a new business model of ecologically balanced reproduction of fuel resources from waste, and the development of this business model both in technical, and in economic and organizational aspects. This business model will be an element of the development of a green economy. The basis of the research methodology was the concept of sustainable development. The study used methods of environmental, technological and economic analysis, data processing tools, organizational design, business modeling and forecasting. The main results of the research are the new business model of ecologically balanced reproduction of fuel resources from waste and the recommendations of its use at regional and municipal level. Economic and environmental effects were evaluated from the use of the proposed business model. The practical value of the results consists in the possibility of using them: by regional (municipal) authorities - when creating an enabling environment for the life of the population and organizing environmentally balanced waste processing; investors - when launching commercially effective projects of waste recycling.
Basic Principles and Strategy of Integrated Approach to Urban Environment’ Renovation
Authors: Moor V , Erysheva E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Humanization of the urban environment is the central problem of the modern stage of Russian architecture, because the current environment is characterized by shortcomings and contradictions. A comprehensive renovation and reconstruction of the existing environment is requiredto solve this problem. An integrated approach ensures effective social and functional reorganization and architectural and artistic improvement of the environment. Certainprinciples lie at the heart of the comprehensive reconstruction, the observance of these principles can ensure the consistent improvement and humanization of the urban environment. The Department of Architecture and Urban Planning of the Far Eastern Federal University has developed several projects for renovation of the urban environment fragments of Vladivostok, based on this approach and the principles of reconstruction.Someof these projects were realized. Projects and practical implementation showed the effectiveness of the basic principles and methodology of urban renovation proposed by the authors.
A Comparison of Three Dressing Methods for Pilonidal Sinus Surgery Wound Healing
Authors: Sadati Leila , Froozesh Robab , Beyrami Alireza , Khaneghah Zahra Nouri , Elahi Seyed Ahmad , Asl Mohammad Faryab , Salehi Tannaz 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of different dressing methods on the wound healing process after pilonidal sinus surgery.METHODSIn this clinical trial, 60 patients undergoing pilonidal sinus surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups. In the first group, hydrogel or alginate and hydrocolloid compounds were used as a standard occlusive dressing method. A modified dressing method was used for the second group, in which transparent hydrocolloid films were replaced by Vaseline gauze. The third group was treated using gauze swabs soaked in normal saline. The length and depth of the studied wounds were recorded once a week for a month. During dressing changes, patient pain was recorded using an 11-point numeric rating scale. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods.RESULTSThere was a significant reduction in wound length after 2 weeks in all three groups (P< .05), and the pain experienced by the first and second groups was significantly lower than the third group. However, the modified method used for the second group was associated with a lower cost.CONCLUSIONSConsidering the beneficial results of using modern dressings for wound healing and reducing the severity of associated pain, providers may want to consider using modified wound dressings after pilonidal sinus surgery. Study authors recommend that providers receive training on how to use these products.
Biomechanical analysis of pedicle screw density in posterior spine instrumentation
Authors: Vaudreuil Nicholas , Xue Jingbo , Bell Kevin , Dede Ozgur 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Posterior spinal fusion using pedicle screw instrumentation is the current standard for surgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Decreasing the density of pedicle screw instrumentation is a method of decreasing costs associated with the procedure. Minimal biomechanical data exist evaluating pedicle screw density, and the optimal screw density has not been determined conclusively. This study evaluated the effects of decreasing pedicle screw density using in vitro robotic biomechanical testing of porcine thoracic spines.

Methods:
Eight porcine thoracic spines were dissected to T3-T15. Spines were instrumented with bilateral pedicle screws at levels T4-14 and were attached to a robotic system for biomechanical testing. Full instrumentation (100%) and subsequent constructs of decreased pedicle screw densities (82%, 64%, and 64% with crosslinks [64%+CL]) and noninstrumented spines were tested for total range of motion (ROM) in flexion-extension (FE), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation (AR) using three-dimensional segmental spinal kinematics with an optical tracking system.

Results:
No significant differences in ROM were noted in FE, LB, or AR when comparing full instrumentation (100%) to constructs of decreasing pedicle screw density (82% and 64%). The addition of crosslinks in the 64%+CL construct decreased ROM in AR (P=0.0634) as compared to the 64% construct.

Conclusions:
Decreasing pedicle screw density in biomechanical testing of nondeformed porcine thoracic spines does not result in any significant changes to ROM when comparing constructs with greater than 60% density. The addition of crosslinks may confer added stability to AR in patients with decreased density constructs.
Second Place Award: Residents or hip surgeons for the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures? A 10-year survivorship rate analysis
Authors: Diaz Dilernia Fernando , García Mansilla Agustin , Llano Lionel , Buljubasich Martín , Oñativia Jose Ignacio , Buttaro Martin Alejandro 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most common surgical procedures taught in every medical residency program in orthopaedics. However, publications comparing long-term outcomes between hip surgeons and orthopaedic residents remain scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the 10-year clinical outcomes, complications, and survivorship rates of patients who had THA for displaced femoral neck fractures operated either by hip surgeons or third or fourth year orthopaedic residents.

Methods:
We retrospectively studied 205 displaced femoral neck fractures operated between 2004-2008. We compared 95 patients treated by hip surgeons (group A) with 110 patients treated by orthopaedic residents (group B). The median follow-up of groups A and B were 10 (IQR, 8,5-11) and 10 (IQR, 9-12) years, respectively (P=0.11). The median age of groups A and B were 79 yr (IQR, 74-83) and 79 yr (IQR, 73-83), respectively (P=0.97). A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between performing surgeons and variables found statistically significant from univariate analysis.

Results:
The median Merle D’Aubigné and Postel (MDA) score was 15 (IQR, 10-18) for group A and 17 (IQR, 10-18) for group B (P=0.33). We found 43 overall complications in group A and 45 in group B (P=0.53). We found one patient with multiple episodes of dislocation in group A and eight in group B (P=0.03). Regarding the mortality registry, 15 patients died in group A, and 35 patients died in group B (P=0.008). At 125 mo of follow-up, implant survivorship was 96.84% and 94.55% for the hip surgeon group and orthopaedic resident group, respectively (P=0.42). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between mortality rate and the orthopaedic resident group (P=0.009).

Conclusions:
In this series we found that patients treated surgically by orthopaedic residents were more than two times more likely to die compared to the ones treated by hip surgeons with no other association found between complications and performing surgeon.
Histopathology of Cutaneous Aging
Authors: Fernandez-Flores Angel , Saeb-Lima Marcela 
Published: June 2019

Abstract:
Aging is (so far) an inexorable and irreversible path in all species and organisms. In human beings, aging involving the skin has a special meaning because our appearance has become crucial for our social life in the modern world. Knowledge of the morphologic changes that happen during the aging process is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis, which in turn is necessary to approach it and even revert it. Skin aging happens because of 2 main sets of changes. Many —although not all—are the cause of exposure to external agents (extrinsic aging), of which the most important is solar exposure (also known as photoaging). In addition, skin also degenerates by mechanisms linked to genetically programed information (intrinsic aging). In this article, the histopathologic changes evident in exposed and nonexposed skin are examined.