bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IC/BPS‐associated alterations of M2 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor trafficking in human detrusor
Authors: Berndt‐Paetz Mandy , Herbst Luise , Weimann Annett , Gonsior Andreas , Stolzenburg Jens‐Uwe , Neuhaus Jochen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore caveolae‐ and clathrin‐mediated internalization of muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors, recycling and degradation in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded detrusor sections; to study alterations possibly involved in the pathophysiology of the bladder functional disorder, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS).Materials and MethodsSamples of IC/BPS (n = 11) and cystectomy patients (n = 11) were analyzed. Proximity ligation assay (PLA) was used to detect interactions of M2 and M3 with endocytotic regulators (Cav‐1, clathrin, Rab7, and Rab11) by Cy3 labeling. Analyses of three‐dimensional (3D)‐reconstructed z‐stacks (63 ×  Oil 1.4) were done with Huygens software. We determined the object density for quantification and assessed membrane localization.ResultsReceptor/protein complexes were detected as well‐demarcated 3D objects. Interactions of M2 with Cav‐1, clathrin, Rab11, and Rab7 were significantly increased in IC/BPS. M3/clathrin and M3/Rab11 complexes were higher in IC/BPS, while M3/Cav‐1 and M3/Rab7 were not. A significant shift of complexes from the membrane to cytoplasm was observed in conjunction with increased internalization via clathrin vesicles or caveolae in IC/BPS.ConclusionsHigh numbers of M3/clathrin and M3/Rab11 complexes reflect the well‐documented clathrin‐mediated desensitization of M3 and speak in favor with enhanced receptor protein expression in IC/BPS. Increased amounts of M2/Cav‐1, M2/clathrin, and M2/Rab11 complexes represent altered M2 internalization and recycling leading to high abundance in IC/BPS. In this regard, caveolae‐localized M2 could be possibly associated with the activation of nitric oxide (NO) synthase and NO production.
The cysteine‐free single mutant C32S of APEX2 is a highly expressed and active fusion tag for proximity labeling applications
Authors: Huang Meng‐Sen , Lin Wen‐Ching , Chang Jen‐Hsuan , Cheng Cheng‐Hung , Wang Han Ying , Mou Kurt Yun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAPEX2, an engineered ascorbate peroxidase for high activity, is a powerful tool for proximity labeling applications. Owing to its lack of disulfides and the calcium‐independent activity, APEX2 can be applied intracellularly for targeted electron microscopy imaging or interactome mapping when fusing to a protein of interest. However, APEX2 fusion is often deleterious to the protein expression, which seriously hampers its wide utility. This problem is especially compelling when APEX2 is fused to structurally delicate proteins, such as multi‐pass membrane proteins. In this study, we found that a cysteine‐free single mutant C32S of APEX2 dramatically improved the expression of fusion proteins in mammalian cells without compromising the enzyme activity. We fused APEX2 and APEX2C32S to four multi‐transmembrane solute carriers (SLCs), SLC1A5, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, and SLC7A1, and compared their expressions in stable HEK293T cell lines. Except the SLC6A5 fusions expressing at decent levels for both APEX2 (70%) and APEX2C32S (73%), other three SLC proteins showed significantly better expression when fusing to APEX2C32S (69 ± 13%) than APEX2 (29 ± 15%). Immunofluorescence and western blot experiments showed correct plasma membrane localization and strong proximity labeling efficiency in all four SLC‐APEX2C32S cells. Enzyme kinetic experiments revealed that APEX2 and APEX2C32S have comparable activities in terms of oxidizing guaiacol. Overall, we believe APEX2C32S is a superior fusion tag to APEX2 for proximity labeling applications, especially when mismatched disulfide bonding or poor expression is a concern.
Circular zymogens of human ribonuclease 1
Authors: Windsor Ian W. , Graff Crystal J. , Raines Ronald T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe endogenous production of enzymes as zymogens provides a means to control catalytic activities. Here, we describe the heterologous production of ribonuclease 1 (RNase 1), which is the most prevalent secretory ribonuclease in humans, as a zymogen. In folded RNase 1, the N and C termini flank the enzymic active site. By using intein‐mediated cis‐splicing, we created circular proteins in which access to the active site of RNase 1 is obstructed by an amino‐acid sequence that is recognized by the HIV‐1 protease. Installing a sequence that does not perturb the RNase 1 fold led to only modest inactivation. In contrast, the ancillary truncation of residues from each terminus led to a substantial decrease in the catalytic activity of the zymogen with the maintenance of thermostability. For optimized zymogens, activation by HIV‐1 protease led to a > 104‐fold increase in ribonucleolytic activity at a rate comparable to that for the cleavage of endogenous viral substrates. Molecular modeling indicated that these zymogens are inactivated by conformational distortion in addition to substrate occlusion. Because protease levels are elevated in many disease states and ribonucleolytic activity can be cytotoxic, RNase 1 zymogens have potential as generalizable prodrugs.
Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Based on Natural Stabilizers and Their Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Zaman Mohammad M. , Karal Mohammad Abu S. , Khan Mohammed Nazrul I. , Tareq Abu Rayhan M. , Ahammed Shareef , Akter Mahmuda , Hossain Aslam , Ullah A. K. M. Atique 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSpinel magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNPs) were successfully synthesized from the reduction of stoichiometric ratio of aqueous solutions of Fe2+ and Fe3+ with NaOH solution. Then naturally available Ipomoea aquatica leaf aqueous extract (IA extract) was used for the surface modification of MNPs where biomolecules of leaf extract were acted as stabilizer. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analyses evidence the proper incorporation of the biomolecules of leaf extract in MNPs. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the synthesis of MNPs where the uniform size distribution with spherical shape was approved by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Thermal analysis was performed using differential scanning caloremetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a phase transition from Fe3O4 to maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3) was detected at 650 °C. The superparamagnetic nature of the studied materials at room temperature was confirmed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) study and the correlation among saturation magnetization (Ms), crystallite size (D), particle size (d), dislocation density (δ), and microstrain (ϵ) were described. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized MNPs was confirmed by investigating the zones of inhibition which were 19 mm for Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli and 14 mm for Gram‐positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis.
High‐Resolution SPECT Imaging of Stimuli‐Responsive Soft Microrobots
Authors: Iacovacci Veronica , Blanc Alain , Huang Henwei , Ricotti Leonardo , Schibli Roger , Menciassi Arianna , Behe Martin , Pané Salvador , Nelson Bradley J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUntethered small‐scale robots have great potential for biomedical applications. However, critical barriers to effective translation of these miniaturized machines into clinical practice exist. High resolution tracking and imaging in vivo is one of the barriers that limit the use of micro‐ and nanorobots in clinical applications. Here, the inclusion of radioactive compounds in soft thermoresponsive magnetic microrobots is investigated to enable their single‐photon emission computed tomography imaging. Four microrobotic platforms differing in hydrogel structure and four 99mTc[Tc]‐based radioactive compounds are investigated in order to achieve optimal contrast agent retention and optimal imaging. Single microrobot imaging of structures as low as 100 µm in diameter, as well as tracking of shape switching from tubular to planar configurations by inclusion of 99mTc[Tc] colloid in the hydrogel structure, is reported.
Shape‐Defined Hollow Structural Co‐MOF‐74 and Metal Nanoparticles@Co‐MOF‐74 Composite through a Transformation Strategy for Enhanced Photocatalysis Performance
Authors: Deng Xin , Yang Lanlan , Huang Hanlin , Yang Yuying , Feng Shiqiang , Zeng Min , Li Qi , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn recent years, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have received extensive interest because of the diversity of their composition, structure, and function. To promote the MOFs' function and performance, the construction of hollow structural metal–organic frameworks and nanoparticle–MOF composites is significantly effective but remains a considerable challenge. In this article, a transformation strategy is developed to synthesize hollow structural Co‐MOF‐74 by solvothermal transformation of ZIF‐67. These Co‐MOF‐74 particles exhibit a double‐layer hollow shell structure without remarkable shape change compared to original ZIF‐67 particles. The formation of hollow structure stemmed from the density difference of Co between ZIF‐67 and Co‐MOF‐74. By this strategy, hollow structural Co‐MOF‐74 with different sizes and shapes are obtained from corresponding ZIF‐67, and metal nanoparticles@Co‐MOF‐74 is synthesized by corresponding nanoparticles@Co‐ZIF‐67. To verify the structural advantages of hollow structural Co‐MOF‐74 and Ag nanoparticles@Co‐MOF‐74, photocatalytic CO2 reduction is used as a model reaction. Conventionally synthesized Co‐MOF‐74 (MOF‐74‐C), hollow structural Co‐MOF‐74 synthesized by transformation method (MOF‐74‐T) and Ag nanoparticles@Co‐MOF‐74 (AgNPs@MOF‐74) are used as cocatalysts in this reaction. As a result, the cocatalytic activity of MOF‐74‐T and AgNPs@MOF‐74 is 1.8 times and 3.8 times that of MOF‐74‐C, respectively.
Cr‐Dopant Induced Breaking of Scaling Relations in CoFe Layered Double Hydroxides for Improvement of Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wen Lulu , Zhang Xilin , Liu Jieyu , Li Xinyang , Xing Changchang , Lyu Xianjun , Cai Weiping , Wang Weichao , Li Yue 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMonodentate adsorption of oxygen intermediates results in a theoretical overpotential limit of ≈0.35 V for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which causes the sluggish kinetics of the OER process. In this work, nonprecious chromium dopant is introduced into the self‐supported CoFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) on nickel foam (Cr‐CoFe LDHs/NF) via a facile one‐step hydrothermal method, which exhibits a preeminent electrocatalytic activity toward the OER with an ultralow overpotential of 238 mV to obtain 10 mA cm−2 and a high stability after cyclic voltammetry for 5000 cycles in alkaline solution (1 m KOH). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveil that Cr dopants as new active sites could improve the electron‐donation ability of the resultant Cr‐CoFe LDHs due to the smaller electronegativity of Cr in comparison with Fe and Co. Therefore, the scaling relation of adsorption energy among four oxygen intermediates is broken and consequently the OER performance is further promoted. This work provides a strategy to develop efficient metal layered double hydroxide OER catalysts.
Component‐based permission management of Android applications
Authors: Fu Jiaojiao , Zhou Yangfan , Wang Xin 
Published: July 2019

SummaryMost Android applications include third‐party libraries (3PLs) to make revenues, to facilitate their development, and to track user behaviors. 3PLs generally require specific permissions to realize their functionalities. Current Android systems manage permissions in app (process) granularity. As a result, the permission sets of apps with 3PLs (3PL‐apps) may be augmented, introducing overprivilege risks. In this paper, we firstly study how severe the problem is by analyzing the permission sets of 27 718 real‐world Android apps with and without 3PLs downloaded in both 2016 and 2017. We find that the usage of 3PLs and the permissions required by 3PL‐apps have increased over time. As a result, the possibility of overprivilege risks increases. We then propose Perman, a fine‐grained permission management mechanism for Android. Perman isolates the permissions of the host app and those of the 3PLs through dynamic code instrumentation. It allows users to manage permission requests of different modules of 3PL‐apps during app runtime. Unlike existing tools, Perman does not need to redesign Android apps and systems. Therefore, it can be applied to millions of existing apps and various Android devices. We conduct experiments to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of Perman. The experimental results verify that Perman is capable of managing permission requests of the host app and those of the 3PLs. We also confirm that the overhead introduced by Perman is comparable to that by existing commercial permission management tools.
Phylogenetic and morphometric analysis of Plantago section Coronopus (Plantaginaceae)
Authors: Höpke Jannes , Mucina Ladislav , Albach Dirk C. 
Published: July 2019

Plantago sect. Coronopus contains our two focal species (P. coronopus L., P. crassifolia Forssk.), both with an overall conspicuous bi‐hemispheric distribution range (Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions in the Northern Hemisphere and South Africa in the Southern Hemisphere). We have evaluated up to 27 morphological characters from 96 herbarium specimens representing five out of seven species of that section that are currently recognised using principal coordinate analysis, linear discriminant analyses, agglomerative clustering, and classification tree analyses, in order to test the current taxonomic concepts of our two focal species. Furthermore, we used 54 individuals representing six out of those seven species of P. sect. Coronopus to construct molecular phylogenetic hypotheses by sequencing nuclear ribosomal DNA from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the plastid trnL‐F region, the plastid intergenic spacer region trnH‐psbA and adopting maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. In the Northern Hemisphere, an Irano‐Arabian clade initially identified as P. coronopus and shown as distinct in both morphological and phylogenetical terms fits a wider circumscription of P. crypsoides Boiss. due to lack of the prominent short and thick inflorescence scape following Boissier's description. The morphological differences between P. crassifolia from the Mediterranean region and P. crassifolia from South Africa (often named P. carnosa Lam.) were marginal, yet the molecular phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and plastid markers clearly separated these evolutionary entities. Therefore, we re‐instated the name P. carnosa as the correct name for South African P. crassifolia. Plantago carnosa differs from P. crassifolia by the combination of having stronger woody rootstocks, which are more often branched, by broader leaves (≥1.6 mm wide) and the fact that specimens more often turn brown when dried. Our dataset provides the best sampled phylogenetic hypothesis for P. sect. (and subg.) Coronopus to date, and reveals discordance between nuclear and plastid genealogies within P. sect. Maritima, which requires further investigation.
Assessment of spring water microbiology and role of Typha angustata as biosorbent
Authors: Ali Shaukat , Mahmood Rashid , Muneer Areesha , Khalil Maryam , Sheikh Nazish , Tahir Hafiz Muhammad , Andleeb Saiqa , Liaqat Iram , Ashfaq Kiani Komal , Ali Nazish M. , Shah Muhammad Ali 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMore than 2.1 billion people worldwide are deprived of safe drinking water at homes. The situation is strikingly worse in a developing country like Pakistan where over 69% of the population does not have access to safe drinking water. The present study evaluated a perenial herb, Typha angustata (TA), to purify the spring water. For this purpose, 25 water samples were collected. Majority of samples (20/25) were highly contaminated with microbes ranging colony forming units (CFU) per millileter per Petri dish ranged from 85 to 279 with an average of 136.4. Microbial inhibition of water samples treated with the nonmodified plant extract was observed to be better with the average of 55.5% compared to the treatment with NaOH chemically modified plant where average 46.4% inhibition of microbial load was observed. Four species of microbes such as Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas otitidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae were identified after sequencing. We concluded that T. angustata extract may be used as an antibacterial agent/biosorbent for the purification of drinking water to provide safe drinking water to billions of humans.Practitioner points

Spring water samples were collected from 25 different springs.

Spring water samples were analyzed for physiochemical parameters.

Spring water samples were found to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, that is, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas otitidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae.

Pathogenic bacteria in spring water samples were treated with extract of Typha angustata.

Extract of Typha angustata was found as a potential antibacterial agent against pathogenic bacteria.
The many types of heterogeneity in replicative senescence
Authors: Xu Zhou , Teixeira Maria Teresa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractReplicative senescence, which is induced by telomere shortening, underlies the loss of regeneration capacity of organs and is ultimately detrimental to the organism. At the same time, it is required to protect organisms from unlimited cell proliferation that may arise from numerous stimuli or deregulations. One important feature of replicative senescence is its high level of heterogeneity and asynchrony, which promote genome instability and senescence escape. Characterizing this heterogeneity and investigating its sources are thus critical to understanding the robustness of replicative senescence. Here we review the different aspects of senescence driven by telomere attrition that are subject to variation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the current understanding of the molecular processes at play, and the consequences of heterogeneity in replicative senescence.
Kommunale Akteure verstehen: Verteilte Wissensbestände in Kommunen beachten
Authors: Erl Thorsten , Gonser Monika , Eckart Jochen , Häußler Elke , Riel Jan 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungEine Akteursanalyse liefert wertvolle Grundlagen für die Gestaltung der Partizipation in einem Reallabor. Bleiben dabei relevante Besonderheiten unbeachtet, entstehen ‚blinde Flecken‘. Der Kurz-Beitrag erörtert den ‚blinden Flecken‘, der entsteht, wenn ausgeblendet wird, dass sich das projektrelevante Wissen in der Kommune nicht bei einer Stelle oder Person bündeln, sondern auf verschiedene Stellen oder Personen verteilt sein dürfte. Der Beitrag zeigt, auf welche Aspekte der Wissensverteilung in einer Kommune zu achten ist, und weshalb es wichtig ist, darüber Bescheid zu wissen. Die weiteren ‚blinden Flecken‘, die im Buch beleuchtet werden, sind die, die durch einen verkürzten Blick auf die Vorgeschichte bzw. auf die Entscheidungswege in Kommunen entstehen.
Die „TraSy-Methode“ – ein Vorgehen für die transdisziplinäre Entwicklung soziotechnischer Systeme
Authors: Gebhardt Laura , König Alexandra 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDie „TraSy-Methode“ dient der transdisziplinären Entwicklung soziotechnischer Systeme mit potenziell zukünftigen Nutzer(inne)n und anderen lokalen Praxisakteuren. Sie sieht vier Phasen vor, in denen interdisziplinäre und transdisziplinäre Arbeit unterschiedlich gewichtet werden: (1) die interdisziplinäre Analyse des Handelns der potenziellen Nutzer(innen) des zu entwickelnden Systems, (2) die transdisziplinäre Identifikation von Nutzertypen und Nutzungsszenarien (d. h. potenzielle Nutzergruppen und Einsatzzwecke) im zukünftigen System, (3) die transdisziplinäre Generierung von Ideen und Konzepten für das System, (4) dessen experimentelle Erprobung und Evaluierung. Im Beitrag werden das Vorgehen für die Phasen 1-3 der „TraSy-Methode“ und die zwei Arbeitsdokumente, die das Vorgehen leiten und strukturieren, vorgestellt. Besonders geeignet ist die Methode, wenn es darum geht, Bedürfnisse unterschiedlicher Nutzer(innen) einer heterogenen Bevölkerung an ein neues soziotechnisches System zu explorieren, und wenn das notwendige Wissen für die Beschreibung der Nutzeranforderungen über verschiedene Praxisakteure verteilt ist.
Black hole microstate cosmology
Authors: Cooper Sean , Rozali Moshe , Swingle Brian , Van Raamsdonk Mark , Waddell Christopher , Wakeham David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

In this note, we explore the possibility that certain high-energy holographic CFT states correspond to black hole microstates with a geometrical behind-the-horizon region, modelled by a portion of a second asymptotic region terminating at an end-of-the-world (ETW) brane. We study the time-dependent physics of this behind-the-horizon region, whose ETW boundary geometry takes the form of a closed FRW spacetime. We show that in many cases, this behind-the-horizon physics can be probed directly by looking at the time dependence of entanglement entropy for sufficiently large spatial CFT subsystems. We study in particular states defined via Euclidean evolution from conformal boundary states and give specific predictions for the behavior of the entanglement entropy in this case. We perform analogous calculations for the SYK model and find qualitative agreement with our expectations. We also calculate holographic complexity for the d = 2 ETW geometries, finding that complexity-action and complexity-volume proposals give the same linear growth at late times, but differ at early times.
A fascinating possibility is that for certain states, we might have gravity localized to the ETW brane as in the Randall-Sundrum II scenario for cosmology. In this case, the effective description of physics beyond the horizon could be a big bang/big crunch cosmology of the same dimensionality as the CFT. In this case, the d-dimensional CFT describing the black hole microstate would give a precise, microscopic description of the d-dimensional cosmological physics.
Exploring the ultra-light to sub-MeV dark matter window with atomic clocks and co-magnetometers
Authors: Alonso Rodrigo , Blas Diego , Wolf Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractParticle dark matter could have a mass anywhere from that of ultralight candidates,mχ∼ 10−21eV, to scales well above the GeV. Conventional laboratory searches are sensitive to a range of masses close to the weak scale, while new techniques are required to explore candidates outside this realm. In particular lighter candidates are difficult to detect due to their small momentum. Here we study two experimental set-ups whichdo not require transfer of momentumto detect dark matter: atomic clocks and co-magnetometers. These experiments probe dark matter that couples to the spin of matter via the very precise measurement of the energy difference between atomic states of different angular momenta. This coupling is possible (even natural) in most dark matter models, and we translate the current experimental sensitivity into implications for different dark matter models. It is found that the constraints from current atomic clocks and co-magnetometers can be competitive in the mass rangemχ∼ 10−21−103eV, depending on the model. We also comment on the (negligible) effect of different astrophysical neutrino backgrounds.