bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The olfactory secretome varies according to season in female sheep and goat
Authors: CANN Paul , CHABI Malika , DELSART Aliénor , DANVIC Chrystelle LE , SALIOU Jean-Michel , CHASLES Manon , KELLER Matthieu , MEILLOUR Patricia NAGNAN-LE 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Abstract:
Background : Small ungulates (sheep and goat) display a seasonal breeding, characterised by two successive periods, sexual activity (SA) and sexual rest (SR). Odours emitted by a sexually active male can reactivate the ovulation of anoestrus females. The plasticity of the olfactory system under these hormonal changes has never been explored at the peripheral level of odours reception. As it was shown in pig that the olfactory secretome (proteins secreted in the nasal mucus) could be modified under hormonal control, we monitored its composition in females of both species through several reproductive seasons, thanks to a non-invasive sampling of olfactory mucus. For this purpose, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-E), western-blot with specific antibodies, MALDI-TOF and high-resolution (nano-LC-MS/MS) mass spectrometry, RACE-PCR and molecular modelling were used.

Results : In both species the olfactory secretome is composed of isoforms of OBP-like proteins, generated by post-translational modifications, as phosphorylation, N-glycosylation and O -GlcNAcylation. Important changes were observed in the olfactory secretome between the sexual rest and the sexual activity periods, characterised in ewe by the specific expression of SAL-like proteins and the emergence of OBPs O- GlcNAcylation. In goat, the differences between SA and SR did not come from new proteins expression, but from different post-translational modifications, the main difference between the SA and SR secretome being the number of isoforms of each protein. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014833.

Conclusion : Despite common behaviour, seasonal breeding, and genetic resources, the two species seem to adapt their sensory equipment in SA by different modalities: the variation of olfactory secretome in ewe could correspond to a specialization to detect male odours only in SA, whereas in goat the stability of the olfactory secretome could indicate a constant capacity of odours detection suggesting that the hallmark of SA in goat might be the emission of specific odours by the sexually active male. In both species, the olfactory secretome is a phenotype reflecting the physiological status of females, and could be used by breeders to monitor their receptivity to the male effect.
“With a grain of salt”? Supervisor credibility and other trainee concerns when seeking clinical oversight, support and advice: a focus group study of Australian general practice trainees.
Authors: Sturman Nancy Jennifer , Jorm Christine , Parker Malcolm 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background ‘Ad hoc’ help-seeking by trainees from their supervisors during trainee consultations is important for patient safety, and trainee professional development. General practice trainee decisions about seeking (and responding to) supervisor oversight, support and advice may be influenced by a number of concerns, including reservations about the credibility of their supervisors. Methods Focus groups with general practice trainees were undertaken to explore their help-seeking decisions during consultations, and their assessments of the credibility and value of the help provided by their supervisors. All data was audio-recorded and transcribed, coded using in-vivo and descriptive codes, and analysed by the constant comparison of provisional interpretations and themes with the data. Findings are reported under the over-arching categories of help-seeking objectives, activities and outcomes. Results Early in their general practice placements trainees need advice about practice facilities, and the “ complex maze ” of local patient resources and referral preferences, as well as unfamiliar clinical presentations and management decisions. Subsequent help-seeking tended to be characterised informally as “ having a chat ” or “ getting a second opinion ” so as not to “ miss anything ” when trainees were “ not 100% sure ”, although trainees continued to emphasise the importance of being (and demonstrating that they were) safe. Time and workflow constraints had a powerful influence on trainee help-seeking decisions, and patients also exerted considerable influence. Trainees assessed the credibility of supervisors in terms of their approach to risk and their clinical expertise. The latter was often believed to be uneven. Several trainees reported seeking other opinions when they were uncomfortable with supervisor advice. Conclusion How a supervisor responds when their help is sought strongly influences the trainee’s subsequent help-seeking. Trainees prefer to seek help from supervisors who respond promptly and observe the etiquette of providing help in front of patients, and whose advice they trust. Trainees learn through help-seeking to make their own clinical calls but remain curious about how other general practitioners practise. Several trainees expressed great respect for their supervisors and valued opportunities to observe their clinical expertise. These important learning opportunities should be provided throughout training.
Point-of-Care Measurement of Activated Clotting Time for Cardiac Surgery as measured by the Hemochron Signature Eliteand the Abbott i-STAT: Agreement, Concordance, and Clinical Reliability
Authors: Dirkmann Daniel , Nagy Elisabeth , Britten Martin Walter , Peters Juergen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Since inadequate heparin anticoagulation and insufficient reversal can result in complications during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery, heparin anticoagulation monitoring by point-of-care (POC) activated clotting time (ACT) measurements is essential for CPB initiation, maintainance, and anticoagulant reversal. However, concerns exist regarding reproducibility of ACT assays and comparability of devices. Methods: We evaluated the agreement of ACT assays using four parallel measurements performed on two commonly used devices each (i.e., two Hemochron Signature Elite (Hemochron) and two Abbott i-STAT (i-STAT) devices, respectively). Blood samples from 30 patients undergoing cardiac surgery on CPB were assayed at specified steps (baseline, after heparin administration, after protamine administration) with four parallel measurements (two of each device type) using commercial Kaolin activated assays provided by the respective manufactures. Measurements were compared between identical and different device types using linear regression, Bland-Altman analyses, and calculation of Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Results: Parallel i-STAT ACTs demonstrated a good linear correlation (r=0.985). Bias, as determined by Bland-Altman analysis, was low (-3.8s; 95% limits of agreement (LOA): -77.8 -70.2s), and Cohen’s Kappa demonstrated good agreement (kappa=0.809). Hemochron derived ACTs demonstrated worse linear correlation (r=0.782), larger bias with considerably broader LOA (-13.14s; 95%LOA:-316.3-290s), and lesser concordance between parallel assays (kappa=0.554). Although demonstrating a fair linear correlation (r=0.815), parallel measurements on different ACT-devices showed large bias (-20s; 95% LOA: -290-250s) and little concordance (kappa=0.368). Overall, disconcordant results according to clinically predefined target values were more frequent with the Hemochron than i-STAT. Furthermore, while discrepancies in ACT between two parallel iSTAT assays showed little or no clinical relevance, deviations from parallel Hemochron assays and iSTAT versus Hemochron measurements revealed marked and sometimes clinically critical deviations. Conclusion: Currently used ACT point-of-care devices cannot be used interchangeably. Furthermore, our data question the reliability of the Hemochron in assessing adequacy of heparin anticoagulation monitoring for CPB.
Uncompleted emergency department care and discharge against medical advice in patients with neurological complaints: a chart review.
Authors: Hoyer Carolin , Stein Patrick , Alonso Angelika , Platten Michael , Szabo Kristina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Uncompleted emergency department care and against-medical-advice discharge represent relevant medical problems with impact on patient safety and potential medicolegal and socioeconomic consequences. They may also indicate structural or procedural problems in the emergency department (ED) relating to patient management and flow. While patients with neurological complaints frequently leave the ED against medical advice or without being seen, no dedicated analysis of this group of patients aiming at the identification of characteristics associated with irregular ED discharge has been performed so far.
Methods: A chart review was performed of all patients with neurological complaints presenting to a German interdisciplinary emergency department between January and December 2017 for neurological evaluation. Demographics, mode of presentation, process times, presenting symptoms and diagnosis were recorded. Patients leaving against medical advice after an informed consent discussion and signing of documentation (DAMA) or leaving prematurely without notifying ED staff (PL) were compared to the total of patients who were admitted or discharged (non-DAMA/PL).
Results: Of all patients presenting with neurological symptoms or complaints, 3% left against medical advice and 2.2% left prematurely DAMA/PL patients were younger (p<.001), and they were more frequently self-presenting (p<0.001). Headaches, seizures and sensory deficits were the most frequent presenting symptoms in DAMA/PL patients, and 56.1% of those presenting with a seizure had a history of epilepsy. The most common documented reason for leaving was the duration of door-to-doctor time.
Conclusions: Younger age, self-presenting mode of presentation and presentation with headache, seizures or sensory deficits are associated with premature leave or against-medical-advice discharge of patients with neurological complaints from the ED, and long waiting times were given as the major reason for leaving the ED. Increasing ED staff’s awareness of these factors and the optimization of pre-hospital assessment and demand management, thereby positively impacting on patient flow and ED process times, may help to prevent irregular discharges from the ED.
Dolomite and Micronutrient Fertilizer Affect Phosphorus Fate in Pine Bark Substrate used for Containerized Nursery Crop Production
Authors: Shreckhise Jacob H. , Owen James S. , Eick Matthew J. , Niemiera Alexander X. , Altland James E. , White Sarah A. 
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas
Addition of dolomite or micronutrients reduced leachate‐P from bark‐based substrates.
Orthophosphate‐P from controlled‐release fertilizer contributed 74 to 86% of TDP.
Dolomite reduced fertilizer orthophosphate‐P in leachate by >50%.
MnHPO4 and Ca5(PO4)3(OH) were dominant modeled solid‐phase species in leachate.
Addition of dolomite and micronutrient amendments to bark may be considered a BMP.
Dolomite and a micronutrient fertilizer are routinely incorporated into a pine bark‐based soilless substrate when producing containerized nursery crops, yet the effect of these amendments on phosphorus (P) is not well understood. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of dolomite and micronutrient fertilizer amendments on P partitioning among four P fractions (i.e., orthophosphate‐P [OP], non‐orthophosphate dissolved P [NODP], total dissolved P [TDP], and particulate P [PP]) and to model potential P species in leachate of pine bark substrate. Amendment treatments incorporated into bark at experiment initiation included (1) a control (no fertilizer, dolomite, or micronutrient fertilizer), (2) controlled‐release fertilizer (CRF), (3) CRF and dolomite, (4) CRF and micronutrient fertilizer, or (5) CRF, dolomite, and micronutrient fertilizer. Phosphorus fractions in leachate of irrigated pine bark columns were determined at eight sampling times over 48 days. Amending pine bark with dolomite and micronutrient fertilizer reduced leachate OP concentrations by 70% when averaged across sampling dates primarily due to retention of OP in the substrate by dolomite. The NODP fraction was unaffected by amendments, and the response of TDP was similar to that of OP. Particulate P was present throughout the study and was strongly correlated particulate Fe and DOC concentrations. Visual MINTEQ indicated MnHPO4 and Ca5(PO4)3(OH) were consistently saturated with respect to their solid phase in treatments containing CRF. Results of this study suggest amending pine bark with dolomite and micronutrients is a best management practice for reducing P leaching from containerized nurseries.
Women in Soil Science: Growing Participation, Emerging Gaps, and the Opportunities for Advancement in the USA
Authors: Vaughan Karen , Van Miegroet Helga , Pennino Amanda , Pressler Yamina , Duball Chelsea , Brevik Eric C. , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw , Olson Carolyn 
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas
Despite historic gains, women remain under‐represented in soils‐related careers.
Women are under‐represented in soil science leadership positions.
Women receive SSSA awards at lower rates than their participation in the society.
Women face attrition more than men as they advance the soil science career ladder.
Diversity and inclusion are important pathways to grow and innovate soil science.
The soil science discipline has undergone significant changes since its establishment in the 1900s; from strong connections with agronomy to a broader focus on ecosystems, earth, and environmental sciences while also during this period experiencing a notable increase in diversity among soil scientists. In this review, we explore soil science from the perspective of gender demographics and disciplinary foci of soil scientists. We examine graduate student enrollment metrics; employment information in academia, the federal government, and the private sector; and membership data from SSSA to gain deeper insight into these changes and the implications for the future of soil science. Women earn nearly half of the advanced soil science degrees. The number of women pursuing soil science careers has also increased, albeit less markedly, as women now comprise 24, 26, and 20% of the soil scientists in academic faculty positions, federal agencies, and private industry, respectively. However, there is reason for concern that women linger in intermediate levels of employment, and further attrition occurs along the career ladder with only ∼18% of the highest employment levels held by women; even fewer reach executive leadership levels in any sector. The growing participation of women in soil science is further reflected in a nearly 45% increase in female membership and meeting attendance in SSSA over the past decade, but recognition of their accomplishments and their presence in SSSA leadership positions remains low. We provide recommendations toward greater inclusion and gender diversity as this represents an important pathway to grow and innovate our science.
Effects of 130 Years of Selected Cropping Management Systems on Soil Health Properties for Sanborn Field
Authors: Norkaew Saranya , Miles Randall J. , Brandt Donna K. , Anderson Stephen H. 
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas
Soil health characterization was useful for discriminating among long‐term cropping systems.
Positive associations were found among most soil health properties.
Most soil health properties evaluated had negative correlations with bulk density.
Incorporation of crop rotations into cropping systems has been suggested as an effective practice to improve soil health for sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted on selected cropping systems with little fertilizer input to evaluate long‐term cropping system effects on soil health properties in Sanborn Field. Soil samples were collected on two dates during 2 yr from each plot. Soil physical, chemical, and biological characteristics were analyzed in the laboratory for these samples to assess soil health using a cumulative normal distribution method. Soil samples collected from Tucker Prairie were used as a proxy for the original state of Sanborn Field soils to compare with soil from the selected cropping systems. The results from the characterization indicated that continuous timothy (Phleum pretense L.) and warm‐season grass treatments were classified with very high soil health scores, followed by middle scores for rotations and continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and by the lowest score for continuous corn (Zea mays L.). In addition, results showed strong positive linear associations between the following properties: soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, potentially mineralizable nitrogen, active carbon, microbial biomass, and water‐stable aggregates (r = 0.60 to 0.96). In contrast, these properties had strong negative linear correlations with bulk density (r = −0.59 to −0.71). An integrated soil health index requires a combination of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties to adequately assess the soil health status of selected cropping systems and to make potential recommendations for future sustainable management.
Inhibition of microRNA-155 Alleviates Neurological Dysfunction Following Transient Global Ischemia and Contribution of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus
Authors: Sun Lichao , Ji Shouqin , Xing Jihong 
Published: September 2019

Background/Aims:
Central pro-inflammatory cytokine (PIC) signal is involved in neurological deficits
after transient global ischemia induced by cardiac arrest (CA). The present study was to examine the role of microRNA-
155 (miR-155) in regulating IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the hippocampus of rats with induction of CA.
We further examined the levels of products of oxidative stress 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso PGF2α, indication of
oxidative stress); and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, indication of protein oxidation) after cerebral
inhibition of miR-155.

Methods:
CA was induced by asphyxia and followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats. ELISA and western
blot analysis were used to determine the levels of PICs and products of oxidative stress; and the protein expression
of NADPH oxidase (NOXs) in the hippocampus. In addition, neurological severity score and brain
edema were examined to assess neurological functions.

Results:
We observed amplification of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α along with 8-iso PGF2α and 8-OHdG in the hippocampus
of CA rats. Cerebral administration of miR-155 inhibitor diminished upregulation of PICs in the hippocampus.
This also attenuated products of oxidative stress and upregulation of NOX4. Notably, inhibition of
miR-155 improved neurological severity score and brain edema and this was linked to signal pathways of PIC
and oxidative stress.

Conclusion:
We showed the significant role of blocking miR-155 signal in improving the neurological function
in CA rats likely via inhibition of signal pathways of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting
that miR-155 may be a target in preventing and/or alleviating development of the impaired neurological functions
during CA-evoked global cerebral ischemia.
Mixed Ligand-metal Complexes of 2-(butan-2-ylidene) Hydrazinecarbothioamide- Synthesis, Characterization, Computer-Aided Drug Character Evaluation and in vitro Biological Activity Assessment
Authors: Khan Tahmeena , Ahmad Rumana , Azad Iqbal , Raza Saman , Joshi Seema , Khan Abdul R. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Mixed ligand-metal complexes are efficient chelating agents because of their
flexible donor ability. Mixed ligand complexes containing hetero atoms sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen
have been probed for their biological significance.

Methods:
Nine mixed ligand-metal complexes of 2-(butan-2-ylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (2-
butanone thiosemicarbazone) with pyridine, bipyridine and 2-picoline as co-ligands were synthesized
with Cu, Co and Zn salts. The complexes were tested against MDA-MB231 (MDA) and A549 cell lines.
Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The drug character
of the complexes was evaluated on parameters viz. physicochemical properties, bioactivity scores, toxicity
assessment and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) profile using
various automated softwares. Molecular docking was performed against Ribonucleotide Reductase (RR)
and topoisomerase II (topo II).

Results:
The mixed ligand-metal complexes were synthesized by condensation reaction for 4-5 h. The
characterization was done by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, FT-IR, molar conductance and UV spectroscopic
techniques. Molecular docking results showed that [Cu(C5H11N3S)(py)2(CH3COO)2],
[Zn(C5H11N3S)(bpy)(SO4)] and [Zn(C5H11N3S)(2-pic)2(SO4)] displayed the lowest binding energies with
respect to RR. Against topo II [Cu(C5H11N3S)(py)2(CH3COO)2], [Cu(C5H11N3S)(bpy)(CH3COO)2] and
[Zn(C5H11N3S)(2-pic)2(SO4)] had the lowest energies. The druglikness assessment was done using Leadlikeness
and Lipinski’s rules. Not more than two violations were obtained in case of each filtering rule
showing drug-like character of the mixed ligand complexes. Some of the complexes exhibited positive
bioactivity scores and almost all the complexes were predicted to be safe with no hazardous effects as
predicted by the toxicity assessment. Ames test predicted the non-mutagenic nature of the complexes.

Conclusion:
In vitro activity evaluation showed that [Zn(C5H11N3S)(py)2(SO4)], [Co(C5H11N3S(bpy)
(Cl)2] and [Cu(C5H11N3S)(2-pic)2(CH3COO)2] were active against MDA. Against A549
[Co(C5H11N3S)(py)2(Cl)2], [Cu(C5H11N3S)(py)2(CH3COO)2] and [Co(C5H11N3S(bpy)(Cl)2] were active.
Antibacterial evaluation showed that [Co(C5H11N3S)(bpy)(Cl)2], [Zn(C5H11N3S)(2-pic)2(SO4)] and
[Cu(C5H11N3S)(2-pic)2(CH3COO)2] were active against S. aureus. Against E. coli, [Zn(C5H11N3S)(2-
pic)2(SO4)] showed activity at 18-20 mg dose range.