bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size as an Important Determinant of Chest Blow–induced Commotio Cordis
Authors: MADIAS CHRISTOPHER , MARON BARRY J. , DAU NATHAN , ESTES NATHAN A. MARK , BIR CYNTHIA , LINK MARK S. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Commotio cordis is sudden cardiac death caused by a relatively innocent blow to the left chest wall. Adolescents account for the majority of the cases; whether this is due to the higher frequency of adolescents playing ball sports or whether there is some maturational reduction of risk is not known.

Methods
In a swine model of commotio cordis, the effect of body weight/size (directly related to age) to the susceptibility of chest impact–induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) is examined.

Methods
Ball impacts were delivered at escalating velocities from 48.3 to 96.9 km·h−1 (30–60 mph) to 128 swine ranging in weight from 5 to 54 kg.

Results
VF occurred in 29% of impacts to the smallest animals compared with 34% in the 14- to 239-kg group, 27% in the 24- to 33.9-kg group, 30% in 34- to 43-kg group, and 15% in the 44- to 54-kg animals. The highest-weight group was associated with a significantly lower incidence of VF compared with other weights (P = 0.002). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, controlling for repeated measures, four variables predicted VF: body weight (P = 0.0008), velocity (P < 0.0001), distance from the center of the heart, (P < 0.0001), and peak left ventricular pressure induced by the blow (P = 0.0007).

Conclusions
In this experimental model, animals weighing <44 kg seem to have a similar susceptibility to commotio cordis, whereas animals weighing ≥44 kg have a lower susceptibility. An increase in size of the individual, rather than reduced play of ball sports, is the likely reason for the decreased commotio cordis incidence in older individuals.
Factors influencing the decision to commit violence in Thai male juvenile offenders: A phenomenological study
Authors: Wongin Wasinee , Paileeklee Suchada 
Published: April 2018

Background: Violence is a social problem that affects the physical and mental health of adolescents. For a long time, Thailand has adopted strategies formulated by the World Health Organization to reduce violence but has been unsuccessful. The aim of the current qualitative study was to understand the decision of adolescents to commit violence and to identify factors contributing to violence among male juvenile delinquents. Methods: Data were collected from 50 male juvenile offenders at the Department of Juvenile Observation and Protection detention facilities located in 5 regions of Thailand through in-depth interviews focusing on delinquent violence committed in the past year. Results: Adolescents who decide to use violence have been associated with and live in environments where they face conflicts in their neighborhood and violence in their community. Mostly, juveniles were found to drop out of school, engage in abuse and supply of drugs, consume alcohol, and experienced domestic violence problems and family divorce. Juvenile offenders typically experience and learn about violence from family and peers, which creates a positive attitude toward violent behavior in them. These offenses can be categorized into intentional violence, which involves seeking revenge or resolving prior conflicts and requires premeditation, and unintentional violence, which results from a situation escalating quickly and usually requiring no preplanning, such as insults, conflicts, power struggles, self-defense, or protecting peers. Conclusions: A violence prevention model and guidelines need to be introduced into Thailand’s youth health care system. This study identified a lack of both decision-making skills and socially adequate adjustment to difficult situations among adolescent perpetrators as precursors to violent behavior.
The Linnaean names in Scabiosa (Caprifoliaceae: Dipsacoideae)
Authors: Guacchio Emanuele Del , Paola Cennamo , Caputo Paolo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe authors have considered all the Linnaean names in Scabiosa, proposing 13 new typifications (10 lectotypes, 2 neotypes, and noting 1 automatic typification). The designation of S. columbaria as the type of Scabiosa is recognized as attributable to Rafinesque. A previous synonymization (Scabiosa pterocephala L.) is discussed. Several elements believed to belong to the original material employed by Linnaeus were actually added to his herbarium after publication of the relevant protologues.
Roboter in Bibliotheken und die flexible Ordnung von Sammlungen
Authors: Früh Roland 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ein Teil der traditionellen Arbeit wird in naher Zukunft von Maschinen, oder ‚Applikationen‘ übernommen und es wird diskutiert, ob die Menschheit von der gewonnenen Zeit profitiert oder sich überflüssig macht. Digitale Applikationen und Roboter werden auch in Bibliotheken Aufgaben übernehmen, aber wie werden wir Roboter tatsächlich antreffen? Der Text fasst die Ergebnisse aus Studien des Forums LIKE am Max Planck Institut Luxemburg und Diskussionen mit Fachspezialisten für RFID-Technologie zusammen und stellt mögliche Geräte für Bibliotheken vor. Welche Vorteile eine Automatisierung für die Benutzung hat, zeigt zuletzt das Fallbeispiel der Dynamischen Ordnung in der Kunstbibliothek Sitterwerk in St. Gallen.
Haben Ausstellungen in Archiven und vergleichbaren Kultureinrichtungen eine Zukunft?
Authors: Patt Dr. Gregor 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, inwiefern der ‚digital turn‘ in den kommenden Jahren dazu führen wird, dass analoge Ausstellungen in Archiven und vergleichbaren Kultureinrichtungen durch virtuelle Angebote ersetzt werden. Ausgehend von einer kurzen Darstellung des großen Veränderungspotentials werden denkbare Entwicklungen aufgezeigt und auf ihre Plausibilität hin untersucht. Es wird die These vertreten, dass digitale Angebote weniger als Alternative denn als Ergänzung zu ‚klassischen‘ Ausstellungen gesehen werden müssen.
Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of paternally inherited disorders from maternal plasma: detection of NF1 and CFTR mutations using droplet digital PCR
Authors: Gruber Aurélia , Pacault Mathilde , El Khattabi Laila Allach , Vaucouleur Nicolas , Orhant Lucie , Bienvenu Thierry , Girodon Emmanuelle , Vidaud Dominique , Leturcq France , Costa Catherine , Letourneur Franck , Anselem Olivia , Tsatsaris Vassilis , Goffinet François , Viot Géraldine , Vidaud Michel , Nectoux Juliette 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background:
To limit risks of miscarriages associated with invasive procedures of current prenatal diagnosis practice, we aim to develop a personalized medicine-based protocol for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) of monogenic disorders relying on the detection of paternally inherited mutations in maternal blood using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).

Methods:
This study included four couples at risk of transmitting paternal neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) mutations and four couples at risk of transmitting compound heterozygous CFTR mutations. NIPD was performed between 8 and 15 weeks of gestation, in parallel to conventional invasive diagnosis. We designed specific hydrolysis probes to detect the paternal mutation and to assess the presence of cell-free fetal DNA by ddPCR. Analytical performances of each assay were determined from paternal sample, an then fetal genotype was inferred from maternal plasma sample.

Results:
Presence or absence of the paternal mutant allele was correctly determined in all the studied plasma DNA samples.

Conclusions:
We report an NIPD protocol suitable for implementation in an experienced laboratory of molecular genetics. Our proof-of-principle results point out a high accuracy for early detection of paternal NF1 and CFTR mutations in cell-free DNA, and open new perspectives for extending the technology to NIPD of many other monogenic diseases.
Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Water Due to Leachate from the Municipal Dumpsite by Pollution Index: A Case Study from Ndawuse River, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Enitan Ibironke Titilayo , Enitan Abimbola Motunrayo , Odiyo John Ogony , Alhassan Muhammad Mamman 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The study assessed the level of heavy metals in surface water across Ndawuse River near the dumpsite at Phase 1 District of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria. The results indicated that oxygen demand, turbidity and heavy metals were above the standard limits set for drinking water. Multivariate analysis using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed natural and anthropogenic activities as sources of heavy metal contamination. The estimated non-carcinogenic effects using hazard quotient toxicity potential, cumulative hazard index and daily human exposure dose of surface water through ingestion pathway were less than a unity. The estimated carcinogenic risks (CRing) exceeded the suggested potential risk limits, with lead (Pb) having the highest CRing value for all age groups. However, children were found to be more susceptible to heavy metals over a period of time according to the estimated values. The concentration of heavy metals in the investigated river could pose an adverse health risk to several communities that rely on this receiving water bodies for domestic purposes. Therefore, there is need for strict enforcement of environmental laws to protect aquatic ecosystem and to avoid long term cumulative exposure risk that heavy metals may pose on human health.
Becoming a teacher of clinical reasoning
Authors: Trowbridge Robert L. , Olson Andrew P.J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Diagnostic reasoning is one of the most challenging and rewarding aspects of clinical practice. As a result, facility in teaching diagnostic reasoning is a core necessity for all medical educators. Clinician educators’ limited understanding of the diagnostic process and how expertise is developed may result in lost opportunities in nurturing the diagnostic abilities of themselves and their learners. In this perspective, the authors describe their journeys as clinician educators searching for a coherent means of teaching diagnostic reasoning. They discuss the initial appeal and immediate applicability of dual process theory and cognitive biases to their own clinical experiences and those of their trainees, followed by the eventual and somewhat belated recognition of the importance of context specificity. They conclude that there are no quick fixes in guiding learners to expertise of diagnostic reasoning, but rather the development of these abilities is best viewed as a long, somewhat frustrating, but always interesting journey. The role of the teacher of clinical reasoning is to guide the learners on this journey, recognizing true mastery may not be attained, but should remain a goal for teacher and learner alike.
Evolving inextensible and elastic curves with clamped ends under the second-order evolution equation in ℝ2
Authors: Lin Chun-Chi , Lue Yang-Kai 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
For any given C2-smooth initial open curves with fixed position and fixed tangent at the boundary points, we obtain the long-time existence of smooth solutions under the second-order evolution of plane curves. Moreover, the asymptotic limit of a convergent subsequence is an inextensible elastica.
Design, synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of aziridine-1,2,3-triazole hybrid derivatives
Authors: Dong Hong-Ru , Wu Jian-Guo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
New 1-aryl-4-[(aziridine-1-yl)diarylmethyl]-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives 7a–i were synthesized by a one-pot reaction of diaryl-(1-aryl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanols 6a–i derived from 1-aryl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acids 4a–c. Structures of compounds 7a–i were confirmed by analysis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and infrared (IR) data. The structure of compound 7f was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. The anticancer activities of compounds 7a–i against human leukemia HL-60 cells and human hepatoma G2 cells were evaluated. Some of the compounds are highly active.
The miRNA-kallikrein interaction: a mosaic of epigenetic regulation in cancer
Authors: Di Meo Ashley , Wang Cong , Cheng Yufeng , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Yousef George M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) constitute a family of 15 highly conserved serine proteases with trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activities. Dysregulated expression and/or aberrant activation of KLKs has been linked to various pathophysiological processes, including cancer. Many KLKs have been identified as potential cancer biomarkers. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by pairing to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of complimentary mRNA targets. miRNAs are dysregulated in many cancers, including prostate, kidney and ovarian cancers. Several studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of KLKs. However, recent evidence suggests that miRNAs can also act as downstream effectors of KLKs. In this review, we provide an update on the epigenetic regulation of KLKs by miRNAs. We also present recent experimental evidence that supports the regulatory role of KLKs on miRNA networks. The potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of miRNA-kallikrein interactions are also discussed.
Kallikrein-related peptidases in lung diseases
Authors: Lenga Ma Bonda Woodys , Iochmann Sophie , Magnen Mélia , Courty Yves , Reverdiau Pascale 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Human tissue kallikreins (KLKs) are 15 members of the serine protease family and are present in various healthy human tissues including airway tissues. Multiple studies have revealed their crucial role in the pathophysiology of a number of chronic, infectious and tumour lung diseases. KLK1, 3 and 14 are involved in asthma pathogenesis, and KLK1 could be also associated with the exacerbation of this inflammatory disease caused by rhinovirus. KLK5 was demonstrated as an influenza virus activating protease in humans, and KLK1 and 12 could also be involved in the activation and spread of these viruses. KLKs are associated with lung cancer, with up- or downregulation of expression depending on the KLK, cancer subtype, stage of tumour and also the microenvironment. Functional studies showed that KLK12 is a potent pro-angiogenic factor. Moreover, KLK6 promotes malignant-cell proliferation and KLK13 invasiveness. In contrast, KLK8 and KLK10 reduce proliferation and invasion of malignant cells. Considering the involvement of KLKs in various physiological and pathological processes, KLKs appear to be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung diseases.
Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 orchestrates astrocyte form and function through proteinase activated receptor-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Yoon Hyesook , Radulovic Maja , Scarisbrick Isobel A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (Klk6) is the most abundant serine proteinase in the adult central nervous system (CNS), yet we know little regarding its physiological roles or mechanisms of action. Levels of Klk6 in the extracellular environment are dynamically regulated in CNS injury and disease positioning this secreted enzyme to affect cell behavior by potential receptor dependent and independent mechanisms. Here we show that recombinant Klk6 evokes increases in intracellular Ca2+ in primary astrocyte monolayer cultures through activation of proteinase activated receptor 1 (PAR1). In addition, Klk6 promoted a condensation of astrocyte cortical actin leading to an elongated stellate shape and multicellular aggregation in a manner that was dependent on the presence of either PAR1 or PAR2. Klk6-evoked changes in astrocyte shape were accompanied by translocation of β-catenin from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm. These data are exciting because they demonstrate that Klk6 can influence astrocyte plasticity through receptor-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, this study expands our understanding of the mechanisms by which kallikreins can contribute to neural homeostasis and remodeling and point to both PAR1 and PAR2 as new therapeutic targets to modulate astrocyte form and function.
From molecules to patients: exploring the therapeutic role of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators
Authors: Sandner Peter 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) signaling represents one of the major regulatory pathways for cardiovascular function. After the discovery of NO, awarded with the Nobel Prize in 1998, this signaling cascade was stepwise clarified. We now have a good understanding of NO production and NO downstream targets such as the soluble guanylyl cyclases (sGCs) which catalyze cGMP production. Based on the important role of NO-signaling in the cardiovascular system, intense research and development efforts are currently ongoing to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of cGMP increase. Recently, NO-independent stimulators of sGC (sGC stimulators) were discovered and characterized. This new compound class has a unique mode of action, directly binding to sGC and triggering cGMP production. The first sGC stimulator made available to patients is riociguat, which was approved in 2013 for the treatment of different forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Besides riociguat, other sGC stimulators are in clinical development, with vericiguat in phase 3 clinical development for the treatment of chronic heart failure (HF). Based on the broad impact of NO/cGMP signaling, sGC stimulators could have an even broader therapeutic potential beyond PH and HF. Within this review, the NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG/PDE-signaling cascade and the major pharmacological intervention sites are described. In addition, the discovery and mode of action of sGC stimulators and the clinical development in PH and HF is covered. Finally, the preclinical and clinical evidence and treatment approaches for sGC stimulators beyond these indications and the cardiovascular disease space, like in fibrotic diseases as in systemic sclerosis (SSc), are reviewed.
Scanning electron microscope fine tuning using four-bar piezoelectric actuated mechanism
Authors: Hatamleh Khaled S. , Khasawneh Qais A. , Al-Ghasem Adnan , Jaradat Mohammad A. , Sawaqed Laith , Al-Shabi Mohammad 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Scanning Electron Microscopes are extensively used for accurate micro/nano images exploring. Several strategies have been proposed to fine tune those microscopes in the past few years. This work presents a new fine tuning strategy of a scanning electron microscope sample table using four bar piezoelectric actuated mechanisms. The introduced paper presents an algorithm to find all possible inverse kinematics solutions of the proposed mechanism. In addition, another algorithm is presented to search for the optimal inverse kinematic solution. Both algorithms are used simultaneously by means of a simulation study to fine tune a scanning electron microscope sample table through a pre-specified circular or linear path of motion. Results of the study shows that, proposed algorithms were able to minimize the power required to drive the piezoelectric actuated mechanism by a ratio of 97.5% for all simulated paths of motion when compared to general non-optimized solution.
Dual-mode quasi-logarithmic quantizer with embedded G.711 codec
Authors: Denić Bojan , Perić Zoran , Despotović Vladimir , Vučić Nikola , Petrović Predrag 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe G.711 codec has been accepted as a standard for high quality coding in many applications. A dual-mode quantizer, which combines the nonlinear logarithmic quantizer for restricted input signals and G.711 quantizer for unrestricted input signals is proposed in this paper. The parameters of the proposed quantizer are optimized, where the minimal distortion is used as the criterion. It is shown that the optimized version of the proposed quantizer provides 5.4 dB higher SQNR (Signal to Quantization Noise Ratio) compared to G.711 quantizer, or equivalently it performs savings in the bit rate of approximately 0.9 bit/sample for the same signal quality. Although the complexity is slightly increased, we believe that due to the superior performance it can be successfully implemented for high-quality quantization.
Electric measurements of PV heterojunction structures a-SiC/c-Si
Authors: Perný Milan , Šály Vladimír , Janíček František , Mikolášek Miroslav , Váry Michal , Huran Jozef 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Due to the particular advantages of amorphous silicon or its alloys with carbon in comparison to conventional crystalline materials makes such a material still interesting for study. The amorphous silicon carbide may be used in a number of micro-mechanical and micro-electronics applications and also for photovoltaic energy conversion devices. Boron doped thin layers of amorphous silicon carbide, presented in this paper, were prepared due to the optimization process for preparation of heterojunction solar cell structure. DC and AC measurement and subsequent evaluation were carried out in order to comprehensively assess the electrical transport processes in the prepared a-SiC/c-Si structures. We have investigated the influence of methane content in deposition gas mixture and different electrode configuration.
On-line determination of transient stability status using multilayer perceptron neural network
Authors: Frimpong Emmanuel Asuming , Okyere Philip Yaw , Asumadu Johnson 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA scheme to predict transient stability status following a disturbance is presented. The scheme is activated upon the tripping of a line or bus and operates as follows: Two samples of frequency deviation values at all generator buses are obtained. At each generator bus, the maximum frequency deviation within the two samples is extracted. A vector is then constructed from the extracted maximum frequency deviations. The Euclidean norm of the constructed vector is calculated and then fed as input to a trained multilayer perceptron neural network which predicts the stability status of the system. The scheme was tested using data generated from the New England test system. The scheme successfully predicted the stability status of all two hundred and five disturbance test cases.
A fast and simple bonding method for low cost microfluidic chip fabrication
Authors: Yin Zhifu , Zou Helin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
With the development of the microstructure fabrication technique, microfluidic chips are widely used in biological and medical researchers. Future advances in their commercial applications depend on the mass bonding of microfluidic chip. In this study we are presenting a simple, low cost and fast way of bonding microfluidic chips at room temperature. The influence of the bonding pressure on the deformation of the microchannel and adhesive tape was analyzed by numerical simulation. By this method, the microfluidic chip can be fully sealed at low temperature and pressure without using any equipment. The dye water and gas leakage test indicated that the microfluidic chip can be bonded without leakage or block and its bonding strength can up to 0.84 MPa.
Modeling linguistic evolution: a look under the hood
Authors: Cathcart Chundra Aroor 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper takes a detailed look at some popular models of evolution used in contemporary diachronic linguistic research, focusing on the continuous-time Markov model, a particularly popular choice. I provide an exposition of the math underlying the CTM model, seldom discussed in linguistic papers. I show that in some work, a lack of explicit reference to the underlying computation creates some difficulty in interpreting results, particularly in the domain of ancestral state reconstruction. I conclude by adumbrating some ways in which linguists may be able to exploit these models to investigate a suite of factors which may influence diachronic linguistic change.