bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoarchaean subduction tectonics in Western Shandong Province, China: Evidence from geochemistry and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes of metabasalts
Authors: Yang Lihui , Hou Guiting , Gao Lei , Liu Shuwen 
Published: August 2019

Neoarchaean supracrustal rocks, which were discovered in the Longhuzhai and Menglianggu areas of the Western Shandong Province (WSP) in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton (NCC), are fine‐ to medium‐grained amphibolites that commonly underwent greenschist‐ to amphibolite‐facies metamorphism. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb analyses revealed that these metabasalts erupted at 2,527 ± 5 to 2,514 ± 4 Ma. These supracrustal rocks are tholeiitic basalts in chemical composition and exhibit relatively high SiO2 (49.30–53.34 wt%) and MgO (5.24–11.82 wt%) contents but low TiO2 (0.41–0.75 wt%) contents. They display flat chondrite‐normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns ((La/Yb)N = 1.21–2.60) and negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies ((Nb/La)PM = 0.16–0.54), which are similar to those of typical island arc tholeiites (IATs) in subduction‐related settings. These findings, combined with the positive zircon εHf(t) values (+2.51 to +8.90) and εNd(t) values (+0.19 to +3.65), suggest that these metabasalts were derived from the partial melting of a depleted mantle source that was metasomatized by slab‐derived fluids at shallow levels in the upper mantle. Accordingly, the development of arc‐related tholeiitic volcanic rocks within the interior of the WSP imply that the Neoarchaean (2.6–2.5 Ga) subduction‐related slab–wedge interaction mechanism was widespread in the WSP and played a crucial role in the formation of the continental crust and its growth.
Automated brain extraction of multisequence MRI using artificial neural networks
Authors: Isensee Fabian , Schell Marianne , Pflueger Irada , Brugnara Gianluca , Bonekamp David , Neuberger Ulf , Wick Antje , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Heiland Sabine , Wick Wolfgang , Bendszus Martin , Maier‐Hein Klaus H. , Kickingereder Philipp 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBrain extraction is a critical preprocessing step in the analysis of neuroimaging studies conducted with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and influences the accuracy of downstream analyses. The majority of brain extraction algorithms are, however, optimized for processing healthy brains and thus frequently fail in the presence of pathologically altered brain or when applied to heterogeneous MRI datasets. Here we introduce a new, rigorously validated algorithm (termed HD‐BET) relying on artificial neural networks that aim to overcome these limitations. We demonstrate that HD‐BET outperforms six popular, publicly available brain extraction algorithms in several large‐scale neuroimaging datasets, including one from a prospective multicentric trial in neuro‐oncology, yielding state‐of‐the‐art performance with median improvements of +1.16 to +2.50 points for the Dice coefficient and −0.66 to −2.51 mm for the Hausdorff distance. Importantly, the HD‐BET algorithm, which shows robust performance in the presence of pathology or treatment‐induced tissue alterations, is applicable to a broad range of MRI sequence types and is not influenced by variations in MRI hardware and acquisition parameters encountered in both research and clinical practice. For broader accessibility, the HD‐BET prediction algorithm is made freely available (www.neuroAI-HD.org) and may become an essential component for robust, automated, high‐throughput processing of MRI neuroimaging data.
MP2RAGE multispectral voxel‐based morphometry in focal epilepsy
Authors: Kotikalapudi Raviteja , Martin Pascal , Erb Michael , Scheffler Klaus , Marquetand Justus , Bender Benjamin , Focke Niels K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe assessed the applicability of MP2RAGE for voxel‐based morphometry. To this end, we analyzed its brain tissue segmentation characteristics in healthy subjects and the potential for detecting focal epileptogenic lesions (previously visible and nonvisible). Automated results and expert visual interpretations were compared with conventional VBM variants (i.e., T1 and T1 + FLAIR). Thirty‐one healthy controls and 21 patients with focal epilepsy were recruited. 3D T1‐, T2‐FLAIR, and MP2RAGE images (consisting of INV1, INV2, and MP2 maps) were acquired on a 3T MRI. The effects of brain tissue segmentation and lesion detection rates were analyzed among single‐ and multispectral VBM variants. MP2‐single‐contrast gave better delineation of deep, subcortical nuclei but was prone to misclassification of dura/vessels as gray matter, even more than conventional‐T1. The addition of multispectral combinations (INV1, INV2, or FLAIR) could markedly reduce such misclassifications. MP2 + INV1 yielded generally clearer gray matter segmentation allowing better differentiation of white matter and neighboring gyri. Different models detected known lesions with a sensitivity between 60 and 100%. In non lesional cases, MP2 + INV1 was found to be best with a concordant rate of 37.5%, specificity of 51.6% and concordant to discordant ratio of 0.60. In summary, we show that multispectral MP2RAGE VBM (e.g., MP2 + INV1, MP2 + INV2) can improve brain tissue segmentation and lesion detection in epilepsy.
How are visual words represented? Insights from EEG‐based visual word decoding, feature derivation and image reconstruction
Authors: Ling Shouyu , Lee Andy C. H. , Armstrong Blair C. , Nestor Adrian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInvestigations into the neural basis of reading have shed light on the cortical locus and the functional role of visual‐orthographic processing. Yet, the fine‐grained structure of neural representations subserving reading remains to be clarified. Here, we capitalize on the spatiotemporal structure of electroencephalography (EEG) data to examine if and how EEG patterns can serve to decode and reconstruct the internal representation of visually presented words in healthy adults. Our results show that word classification and image reconstruction were accurate well above chance, that their temporal profile exhibited an early onset, soon after 100 ms, and peaked around 170 ms. Further, reconstruction results were well explained by a combination of visual‐orthographic word properties. Last, systematic individual differences were detected in orthographic representations across participants. Collectively, our results establish the feasibility of EEG‐based word decoding and image reconstruction. More generally, they help to elucidate the specific features, dynamics, and neurocomputational principles underlying word recognition.
Pilot competencies as components of a dynamic human‐machine system
Authors: Mansikka Heikki , Harris Don , Virtanen Kai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper formulates a theoretical model of flight deck team performance as a dynamic human‐machine system, later referred to as CRM‐DYMO (Crew Resources Management‐DYnamic MOdel). The model identifies human and machine subsystems. The human subsystem describes the activities taken by the flight crew and the machine subsystem describes the changes in the aircraft's state. The human subsystem's output forms an input for the machine subsystem, and the machine subsystem's output feeds back to the human system creating a closed loop system. Pilots’ performance are described as competencies, which form part of the elements in the human subsystem. This paper concentrates only on CRM competencies as defined by the International Civil Aviation Authority and the International Air Transport Association. In addition to the detailed conceptual model of the human subsystem and associated competencies, the approach is illustrated with reference to two accident case studies. These demonstrate how CRM‐DYMO can assist in analyzing CRM and help in identifying how the different system components interact. Although the case studies demonstrate the benefits of CRM‐DYMO, they merely serve as a starting point to understand how CRM works and will hopefully encourage supporting quantitative simulation modeling and empirical studies.
Revisiting the African origins of attachment research—50 years on from Ainsworth: A descriptive review
Authors: Voges Juané , Berg Astrid , Niehaus Dana J.H. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTCulture plays a significant role in the variations observed in the manifestation, expression, and meaning of attachment behaviors. Africa is home to multiple cultures, with distinct organizations of caregiving relationships underlying the development of attachment. This review aims to consolidate knowledge about African attachment by describing studies of infant attachment conducted in Africa since Mary Ainsworth's Ugandan findings in 1967. Electronic databases were searched with the terms “Africa” (“attachment” or “bond”) and “infant.” Nine studies that assessed infant attachment style with self‐report or observation methods were included, but spanned only five countries. The Strange Situation Procedure was most frequently used. Most studies described dyads living in peri‐urban or township areas. Multiple socioeconomic factors affecting living conditions were identified, including, unemployment, financial difficulties, limited education, poor housing, single parenthood, lack of partner support, substance abuse, and depression. Overall distributions of attachment classification proportions appear consistent with global attachment‐classification patterns. Despite adverse conditions, secure attachment was relatively widespread, and some populations had low rates of avoidant attachment. Relatively high rates of disorganized attachment were found when the category was included. Africa remains an understudied continent regarding infant attachment. The continent's cultural diversity may hold important truths necessary for understanding the complex relationship between infant and attachment figure.
THE BLIND ANGLE: PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF DRIP IRRIGATION IN USE IN A LARGE‐SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEME IN MOROCCO
Authors: Boularbah Sara , Kuper Marcel , Hammani Ali , Mailhol Jean‐Claude , Taky Abdelilah 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe need for lasting returns on the large investment in state‐sponsored drip irrigation projects and the ambitious objectives aimed to achieve requires thorough and continuous assessment of the performance of irrigation systems in use. However, few studies have evaluated the performance of systems once they have been installed, leading to overestimation of actual drip irrigation performance. This study focuses on the Tadla Irrigation Scheme, where a 10 000‐ha drip irrigation project had two objectives: improving water productivity and reducing pressure on groundwater resources. The results of the study show a satisfactory but progressively declining distribution uniformity at field level, after 3–4 years of functioning, pointing to potential dysfunction if the equipment is not renewed. The current over‐irrigation of crops results in hefty water bills and debts of farmers, no water savings at the field scale, some savings at the scheme scale, but increased tension concerning water delivery. Farmers continued to use groundwater after converting to drip irrigation to avoid surface water shortage. The challenge is to ensure that groundwater is only tapped in exceptional cases to avoid overexploitation. The first step is ensuring more efficient irrigation practices, underlining the need for continuous performance assessment. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blend scaffolds with polyaspartamide/polyester structure fabricated via TIPS and their RGDC functionalization to promote osteoblast adhesion and proliferation
Authors: Palumbo Fabio S. , Bongiovì Flavia , Carfì Pavia Francesco , Vitrano Ilenia , La Carrubba Vincenzo , Pitarresi Giovanna , Brucato Valerio , Giammona Gaetano 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTarget of this work was to prepare a RGDC functionalized hybrid biomaterial via TIPS technique to achieve a more efficient control of osteoblast adhesion and diffusion on the three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Starting from a crystalline poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and an amorphous α,β‐poly(N‐2‐hydroxyethyl) (2‐aminoethylcarbamate)‐d,l‐aspartamide‐graft‐polylactic acid (PHEA‐EDA‐g‐PLA) copolymer, blend scaffolds were characterized by an appropriate porosity and pore interconnection. The PHEA‐EDA‐PLA interpenetration with PLLA improved hydrolytic susceptibility of hybrid scaffolds. The presence of free amino groups on scaffolds allowed to tether the cyclic RGD peptide (RGDC) via Michael addition using the maleimide chemistry. Cell culture test carried out on preosteoblastic cells MC3T3‐E1 incubated with scaffolds, has evidenced cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, the presence of distributed bone matrix on all scaffolds was evaluated after 70 days compared to PLLA only samples.
Reduced Bone Loss Is Associated With Reduced Mortality Risk in Subjects Exposed to Nitrogen Bisphosphonates: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Bliuc Dana , Tran Thach , van Geel Tineke , Adachi Jonathan D , Berger Claudie , van den Bergh Joop , Eisman John A , Geusens Piet , Goltzman David , Hanley David A , Josse Robert , Kaiser Stephanie , Kovacs Christopher S , Langsetmo Lisa , Prior Jerilynn C , Nguyen Tuan V , Center Jacqueline R ,   for the CaMOS Research Group
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Bisphosphonates, potent antiresorptive agents, have been found to be associated with mortality reduction. Accelerated bone loss is, in itself, an independent predictor of mortality risk, but the relationship between bisphosphonates, bone loss, and mortality is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether the association between bisphosphonates and mortality is mediated by a reduction in the rate of bone loss. Participants from the population-based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study were followed prospectively between1996 and 2011. Comorbidities and lifestyle factors were collected at baseline and bone mineral density (BMD) at baseline and at years 3 (for those aged 40 to 60 years), 5, and 10. Rate of bone loss was calculated using linear regression. Information on medication use was obtained yearly. Bisphosphonate users grouped into nitrogen bisphosphonates (nBP; alendronate or risedronate) and etidronate and non-users (NoRx) were matched by propensity score, including all baseline factors as well as time of treatment. Cox's proportional hazards models, unadjusted and adjusted for annual rate of bone loss, were used to determine the association between nBP and etidronate versus NoRx. For the treatment groups with significant mortality risk reduction, the percent of mortality reduction mediated by a reduction in the rate of bone loss was estimated using a causal mediation analysis. There were 271 pairs of nBP and matched NoRx and 327 pairs of etidronate and matched NoRx. nBP but not etidronate use was associated with significant mortality risk reduction (hazard ratios [HR] = 0.61 [95% confidence interval 0.39–0.96] and 1.35 [95% CI 0.86–2.11] for nBP and etidronate, respectively). Rapid bone loss was associated with more than 2-fold increased mortality risk compared with no loss. Mediation analysis indicated that 39% (95% CI 7%–84%) of the nBP association with mortality was related to a reduction in the rate of bone loss. This finding provides an insight into the mechanism of the relationship between nBP and survival benefit in osteoporotic patients. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Correction of serum NSE reference intervals includes the unidentified hemolysis sample: 1‐year data analysis from healthcare individuals
Authors: Xie Erfu , Zhang Wei , Xu Huaguo , Ling Yun , Zhang Qiaodi , Pan Shiyang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundReference intervals (RIs) are important for interpretation of laboratory results. Neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) can be utilized to aid the diagnosis of various tumors. However, while red blood cells contain NSE αγ‐isozymes, unrecognized slight hemolysis will result in increasing of NSE levels in serum. The aim of this study was to correct the NSE RIs from healthcare individuals results which may have unidentified microhemolysis.MethodsA total of 15 047 healthy individuals undergoing regular health care were recruited to redefine the NSE reference interval according to the CA28‐A3 document. Volunteers with NSE level between 16.3 ng/mL and the upper limit of new RIs were performed venipuncture for NSE retest. Simultaneously, serum free hemoglobin (fHb) was performed with o‐tolidine test.ResultsReestablishment of NSE RIs is 0‐18.9 ng/mL, which is wider than 0‐16.3 ng/mL provided by the manufacturer. Seventy‐four volunteers with the NSE level between 16.3 and 18.9 ng/mL were performed venipuncture for NSE retest. The ratio of NSE level drop to normal is 85.1% (63/74) in the subsequent results; there are significant differences between the median NSE of two groups (18.15 vs 14.15 ng/mL). Subsequently, the fHb concentration of 22 healthy individuals from 74 individuals was measured; there are significant differences between the median fHb of two groups (58 vs 30 mg/L).ConclusionsSome specimens with slightly elevated NSE may be attributed to the unrecognized slight hemolysis. The correction RIs may be expected to decrease the abnormal NSE results.
Competing biomedical HIV prevention strategies: potential cost‐effectiveness of HIV vaccines and PrEP in Seattle, WA
Authors: Adamson Blythe , Garrison Louis , Barnabas Ruanne V , Carlson Josh J , Kublin James , Dimitrov Dobromir 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionPromising HIV vaccine candidates are steadily progressing through the clinical trial pipeline. Once available, HIV vaccines will be an important complement but also potential competitor to other biomedical prevention tools such as pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Accordingly, the value of HIV vaccines and the policies for rollout may depend on that interplay and tradeoffs with utilization of existing products. In this economic modelling analysis, we estimate the cost‐effectiveness of HIV vaccines considering their potential interaction with PrEP and condom use.MethodsWe developed a dynamic model of HIV transmission among the men who have sex with men population (MSM), aged 15‐64 years, in Seattle, WA offered PrEP and HIV vaccine over a time horizon of 2025‐2045. A healthcare sector perspective with annual discount rate of 3% for costs (2017 USD) and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) was used. The primary economic endpoint is the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) when compared to no HIV vaccine availability.ResultsHIV vaccines improved population health and increased healthcare costs. Vaccination campaigns achieving 90% coverage of high‐risk men and 60% coverage of other men within five years of introduction are projected to avoid 40% of new HIV infections between 2025 and 2045. This increased total healthcare costs by $30 million, with some PrEP costs shifted to HIV vaccine spending. HIV vaccines are estimated to have an ICER of $42,473/QALY, considered cost‐effective using a threshold of $150,000/QALY. Results were most sensitive to HIV vaccine efficacy and future changes in the cost of PrEP drugs. Sensitivity analysis found ranges of 30‐70% HIV vaccine efficacy remained cost‐effective. Results were also sensitive to reductions in condom use among PrEP and vaccine users.ConclusionsAccess to an HIV vaccine is desirable as it could increase the overall effectiveness of combination HIV prevention efforts and improve population health. Planning for the rollout and scale‐up of HIV vaccines should carefully consider the design of policies that guide interactions between vaccine and PrEP utilization and potential competition.
HEV seroprevalence in blood donors in Turkey by two commercial total anti‐HEV Ab ELISA kits
Authors: Yaşar Osman , Karatayli Ersin , Cengiz Güniz , Kızılpınar Mehtap , Yurdcu Esra , Albayrak Rabia , Güven Aysel , Arslan Önder , Karahan Ceren , Otlu Barış , Güdücüoğlu Hüseyin , Gökahmetoğlu Selma , Berk Elife , Kirişci Özlem , Sertöz Rüçhan , Yurdaydin Cihan , Bozdayi A. Mithat , Karatayli Senem Ceren 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrevious hepatitis E virus (HEV) seroprevalence studies in Turkey have shown high variabilities, leading to conflicting results. We aimed to re‐evaluate HEV seroprevalence among blood donors in Turkey using the Wantai (Beijing, China) and the Dia.Pro (Milan, Italy) total anti‐HEV antibody (Ab) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and compare their performances and to investigate the presence of HEV RNA in blood donors. Serum total anti‐HEV antibodies were determined in a total of 2011 volunteer blood donor samples collected from different regions of Turkey (807 from Ankara, 243 from Kayseri, 284 from İzmir, 200 from Malatya, 200 from Kahramanmaraş, and 277 from Van). HEV RNA was evaluated by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction in a total of 272 anti‐HEV seropositive samples. The country‐wide HEV seroprevalence was calculated as 11.5% (Dia.Pro) and 12.2% (Wantai) with seropositivity rates of 12.0%‐12.5% in Ankara, 7.4%‐8.2% in Kayseri, 14.5%‐15.5% in Malatya, 8.1%‐8.8% in İzmir, 15.0%‐16.0% in Kahramanmaraş, and 12.6%‐13.4% in Van by Dia.Pro and Wantai kits, respectively. The lowest detectable Ab concentrations were 0.16 and 0.14 units/mL WHO, for the Dia.Pro and the Wantai assays, respectively, showing no significant difference between assays. HEV RNA was not detected in any of the anti‐HEV seropositive samples. Compared with previous studies, HEV was shown to have a higher overall seroprevalence in Turkey. Despite its limitation, the current study represents the most comprehensive HEV seroprevalence study in Turkey performed with two different commercial ELISA assays with high sensitivities so far. Further investigation is required to determine HEV genotypes in Turkey.
Occurrence of diversified N‐acyl homoserine lactone mediated biofilm‐forming bacteria in rice rhizoplane
Authors: Balasundararajan Viveka , Dananjeyan Balachandar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractQuorum sensing (QS)‐mediated biofilm‐forming rhizobacteria are indispensable due to their competitiveness in the crop rhizosphere. In the present work, we have reported on the occurrence of diversified bacterial species capable of producing N‐acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) as the QS signal in the roots of a rice plant grown under field conditions. The AHL‐producing bacteria were directly isolated from the rice root by the biosensor reporter (Chromobacterium violaceum CV026) overlay method and characterized for biofilm production by the microtiter plate method. A total of 48 QS‐positive bacterial isolates were purified from different aged (7, 20, 24, 26, and 36 days) rice seedlings. The in vitro biofilm production and genetic diversity as revealed by BOX‐PCR fingerprinting showed high variability among the isolates. Most of the best biofilm‐forming isolates produced a N‐butyryl
dl‐homoserine lactone (a C4‐AHL type) signal in the medium. The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence of these putative elite isolates identified that they were close to Aeromonas hydrophila (QS7‐4; QS36‐2), A. enteropelongenes (QS20‐8), A. veronii (QS36‐3), Enterobacter sp. (QS20‐11), Klebsiella pneumoniae (QS24‐6), Kosakonia cowanii (QS24‐21), Providentia rettigeri (QS24‐2), Sphingomonas aquatilis (QS24‐17), and Pseudomonas sihuiensis (QS24‐20). These strains profusely colonized the rice root upon inoculation and formed biofilms on the surface of the root under gnotobiotic conditions. Developing inoculants from these strains would ensure competitive colonization on the rhizoplane of the crop through their biofilm and thereby improve plant growth and health.