bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Depiction of Malariometric Indices in Children under Five Years in a Sudanese Semi-urban Area of Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouattara San M. , Ouédraogo Alphonse , Tiono Alfred B. , Sombié Benjamin , Diarra Amidou , Ouédraogo Issa N. , Vaillant Michel , Sirima Sodiomon B. 
Published: July 2019

Aims: Malariometric indices are essential for the assessment of both new therapies and control strategies. As part of the characterization of a new malaria clinical trial site, this study was carried out to assess malariometric indices during the two seasons of a Sudanese area of Burkina Faso, in children aged under five years.
Study Design: Two community-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted as follow: the first during the rainy season of 2009 and the second during the following dry season. Socio-demographic and clinical data were recorded. A finger prick blood sample was collected to perform malaria blood films and to measure the hemoglobin level.
Results: Malaria parasitemia prevalence was 55.2% (N = 677) in the rainy season with a geometric mean of parasite density (GMPD) of 3439 trophozoites/µl against 23.3% (N = 720) in the dry season with a GMPD of 1368 trophozoites/µl. Gametocytemia prevalence was 21.7% and 6.5% respectively in rainy and dry season while splenomegaly prevalence was 11.2% (N = 689) in rainy season against 4.2% (N = 752) in dry season. The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dl) was 90.0% in rainy season and 70.6% in dry season. All indices in rainy season were statistically higher than those in dry season (p-value < 0.0001). The odds of parasite carriage were 3 to 5 times higher in rainy season compared to dry season (95% CI for OR = [3.1, 5.0]).
Conclusion: The site is located in a seasonal hyper-endemic malaria area and seems appropriate for the conduct of malaria drugs or vaccines studies. Though the gap between seasons is considerable, the residual level of parasite carriage during low transmission period is not negligible and may command the development of strategies targeting this specific period, to break the chain of transmission of the disease.
Soil Electrical Conductivity As Influenced by Ionic Dynamics and Salinity Strength under Tripartite Ecological Condition in Parts of Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Edwin-Wosu N. L. , Nkang A. E. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC) is one of the soil physical properties related to a number of soil indices either in it natural status or anthropogenic influenced condition within individual field or across soil landscapes such as the tripartite ecological condition under consideration.
Aim: The study was aimed at understanding the varying relationship between soil EC and ionic-salinity changes under ecological tripartite condition of pre-pollution, post-pollution and phytoremediation soils.
Study Design: Research methods involved the nested split plot design, carried out the Department of Botany, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
Methods: Field sampling / laboratory analysis and SAS PROC. ANOVA (Soft Ware) for data analysis.
Results: Has revealed increasing trend of Nitrate (NO3-), Phosphate (PO4-), Calcium (Ca2+), Potassium (K+), salinity and EC and a decreasing trend of Sulphate (SO4-), Magnesium (Mg2+), Sodium (Na+), and moisture in post-pollution. Macrophytic treated hydrocarbon soils had decrease in NO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, salinity and EC and increase in SO4-, PO4-, Na+, K+, and moisture in divergence content. Peltophorum soil was greater in NO3-, SO4-, and K+, Leucaena soil in Ca2+, Mg2+, PO4-, and moisture while Crotolaria was high in Na+, and salinity content.
Conclusion: The trend observed for EC in the phytoremediation phase of the tripartite condition paralleled changes in ionic content and salinity strength. Therefore EC is a function of ionic dynamics, salinity and moisture which appears to be reliable indicator of EC potential of tripartite soil.
Proportions of Pre-Cancerous Cervical Lesions and Its Associated Factors among Women Clients in the Age Group of 30-49yrs in Gynecology Ward of Dessie Referral Hospital and FGAE, North-East Ethiopia, 2016
Authors: Temesgen Kibir , Workie Amare , Dilnessa Tenagnework , Abate Mengistu 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Globally, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women; in 2008 there were an estimated 530,000 new cases and more than 270,000 women die from it [1]. In Ethiopia, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer following breast cancer and the leading cause of death from cancer. Annually, an estimated number of 4648 women develop the cancer and 3,235 die from it. Low-resource countries experience 85% of the global burden and in regions such as Eastern Africa and South-Central Asia. Low perception of risks and lack of awareness about cervical cancer screening amongst women and challenges of access to cervical cancer screening for early detection of disease have been reported amongst factors responsible for increasing incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer in developing countries [2].
Objective: The general objective of this study was to determine the proportions of cervical precancerous lesions and to assess associated factors among women clients (30-49) in Gynecology OPD of Dessie referral hospital and FGAE, 2016.
Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study design involving quantitative method was employed. For the quantitative survey 422 women in the age group of 30-49 were participated. The sample size was computed by using single population proportion formula for finite population with 95% confidence level, prevalence of 50% and marginal error of 2%. Pretested and structured questionnaire was used in order to facilitate reliable response. Questionnaires for each item were adapted from previously done similar studies. Pretest was done on five percent of study population.
Results: Among 422 study participants who were currently screened, 390(92.4%) were negative for cervical precancerous lesions when tested by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), 29(6.9%) were positive for cervical precancerous lesions and 3(0.7%) were suspicious for cancer. The majority (69.9%) of the study subjects did not ever screen for cervical cancer in their life time. Concerning the reasons for not screening, 98(33.3%) of them said that it is painful while 54(18.3%) and 37(12.5%) of them said I am health and it is expensive respectively.
Conclusion: The proportion of cervical precancerous lesion was 6.9%. In multivariate regression analysis increased age(>46), high parity(>4), first intercourse at <20 years, having > two sexual partners, positive HIV status, History of Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, History of sexually transmitted infection (STI), Smoking, History of abortion, nonuse of condom and family history of cervical cancer were significantly associated with the development of cervical precancerous lesions.
Fire Preparedness in Secondary Schools in Eldoret West Sub-County, Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Japhet Ruttoh 
Published: July 2019

Background: Fire incidents in schools are worldwide phenomena that primarily range from being highly localized to global in scope. Safety of students and staff members pertaining to hazards, created by unsafe behavior, disasters or emergencies in schools cannot be guaranteed.
Objectives: The current study examined the capacity of secondary schools in coordination and communication of fire preparedness well as level of awareness and adaptive capacity.
Methodology: The study employed a descriptive survey design. Proportionate sampling technique was adopted to select 16 out of the 80 secondary schools. Participants in the study constituted head teachers and other teaching staff in charge of safety, laboratory assistants and the chef. In addition, 280 students were selected from the 16 schools through random probabilistic sampling well as the DEO, 5 ZQAOs and 2 members of fire brigade team in the municipality within the district. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data.
Results: Sixty five per cent of the schools did not have disaster preparedness policies and plans. However, all head teachers acknowledged that it existed. 81% of schools did not have any alternative learning area neither emergency exits in the event of a disaster. Emergency instructions for safety in the event of disaster occurrence were lacking in many schools as acknowledged by 63% of respondents. Slightly more than half of the schools indicated evacuation drills and regular disaster preparedness meetings are never carried out. 63% of the teachers opined that their schools lacked laid-down procedures during emergency periods.
Conclusion: Negligible percentage of schools had designated teachers, being in charge of safety. Students had no sufficient knowledge on what to do in case of fire outbreak. There were no adequate training on disaster preparedness and prevention among staff members and students. Findings show a larger percentage of teachers and students do not know how to use fire-fighting equipment.
Recommendation: Therefore, the study recommends capacity building programs among academic stakeholders on fire disaster preparedness and provision of fire safety support resources for combating fire disasters in all schools. The MoE should inspect and set ministerial regulations and guidelines on safety issues in all schools to ensure actualization of school safety manuals in blue print and needed commitment.
Modulation of Electronic Behaviors of InSe Nanosheet and Nanoribbons: The First‐Principles Study
Authors: Chen Tong , Xu Liang , Li Quan , Long Mengqiu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecently, InSe monolayer, a new member added to the 2D materials, has been extensively studied in theories and experiments. Here, the electronic structures of the tunable band‐gap semiconductor of 2D InSe nanosheets and the band structure and electronic transport properties of quasi‐1D InSe nanoribbons (ISNs) are presented by using the first‐principles method. The calculated band structures show that an enlarged indirect band gap appears in 2D InSe nanosheet by external strain, and the gap reduces monotonically as the strain changing from the compression to stretch independent of the zigzag or armchair direction. Moreover, the band structures of quasi‐1D ISNs show that armchair ISNs are all nonmagnetic semiconductors, and the zigzag ISNs (zISNs) exhibit metallic regardless of the ribbon width or magnetic states. The non‐equilibrium Green's function calculation reveals the electronic transport properties of zISNs with different widths. An obvious negative differential resistive (NDR) effect is found in the current–voltage curves independent of the ribbon width due to the bias‐dependent transmission within the voltage window. The tunable band‐gap semiconductor behavior of 2D InSe nanosheet and the novel NDR effect in quasi‐1D zISNs indicate a very promising application of InSe‐based nanomaterials in electronic nanodevices.
Lock‐and‐Key and Shape‐Memory Effects in an Unconventional Synthetic Path to Magnesium Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yang Huajun , Trieu Thuong Xinh , Zhao Xiang , Wang Yanxiang , Wang Yong , Feng Pingyun , Bu Xianhui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report a new magnesium metal–organic framework (MOF) (CPM‐107) with a special interaction with CO2. CPM‐107 contains Mg2‐acetate chains crosslinked into a 3D net by terephthalate. It has an anionic framework encapsulating ordered extra‐framework cations and solvent molecules. The desolvated form is closed and unresponsive to common gasses, such as N2, H2, and CH4. Yet, with CO2 at 195 K, it abruptly opens and turns into a rigid porous form that is irreversible via desorption. Once opened by CO2, CPM‐107 remains in the stable porous state accessible to additional gas types over multiple cycles or CO2 itself at different temperatures. The porous phase can be re‐locked to return to the initial closed phase via re‐solvation and desolvation. Such peculiar properties of CPM‐107 are apparently linked to a convergence of factors related to both framework and extra‐framework features. The unusual CO2 effect is currently the only available path to porous CPM‐107 which shows efficient C2H2/CO2 separation.
Reordering d Orbital Energies of Single‐Site Catalysts for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Han Jianyu , An Pengfei , Liu Shuhu , Zhang Xiaofei , Wang Dawei , Yuan Yi , Guo Jun , Qiu Xueying , Hou Ke , Shi Lin , Zhang Yin , Zhao Shenlong , Long Chang , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe single‐site catalyst (SSC) characteristic of atomically dispersed active centers will not only maximize the catalytic activity, but also provide a promising platform for establishing the structure–activity relationship. However, arbitrary arrangements of active sites in the existed SSCs make it difficult for mechanism understanding and performance optimization. Now, a well‐defined ultrathin SSC is fabricated by assembly of metal‐porphyrin molecules, which enables the precise identification of the active sites for d‐orbital energy engineering. The activity of as‐assembled products for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is significantly promoted via lifting up the energy level of metal d
orbitals, exhibiting a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 96 % at the overpotential of 500 mV. Furthermore, a turnover frequency of 4.21 s−1 is achieved with negligible decay over 48 h.
Object Transportation System Mimicking the Cilia of Paramecium aurelia Making Use of the Light‐Controllable Crystal Bending Behavior of a Photochromic Diarylethene
Authors: Nishimura Ryo , Fujimoto Ayako , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Morimoto Masakazu , Nagasaka Tatsuhiro , Sotome Hikaru , Ito Syoji , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Yokojima Satoshi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Feringa Ben L. , Uchida Kingo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe design of an object transportation system exploiting the bending behavior of surface‐assembled diarylethene crystals is reported. A photoactuated smart surface based on this system can transport polystyrene beads to a desired area depending on the direction of the incident light. Two main challenges were addressed to accomplish directional motion along a surface: first, the preparation of crystals whose bending behavior depends on the direction of incident light; second, the preparation of a film on which these photochromic crystal plates are aligned. Nuclei generation and nuclear growth engineering were achieved by using a roughness‐controlled dotted microstructured substrate. This system demonstrates how to achieve a mechanical function as shown by remote‐controlled motion along a surface.
A novel fluorescent sensor for Sn4+ detection: Dark resonance energy transfer from silole to rhodamine
Authors: Wang Xiuji , Zhang Lijian , Zhuang Shaoqin , Huang Meifei , Gao Yihua 
Published: July 2019

A novel dark resonance energy transfer (DRET) off–on cassette SR1 was constructed by coupling a silole donor with a rhodamine acceptor. Due to the intramolecular rotations of the phenyl rings, the silole fluorophore served as a dark donor in solution state and fluorescence leakage from the donor emission could be avoided. Binding with Sn4+ ion induced the ring‐opening of the rhodamine acceptor, thus increase the overlapping between the emission spectra of the donor and absorption spectra of the acceptor. DRET was turned on and energy was transferred from the silole donor to the rhodamine acceptor. Emission from the rhodamine acceptor was achieved with a large Stokes shift up to 198 nm. The sensor showed good sensitivity and selectivity towards Sn4+ to other metal ions in methanol aqueous solution through the formation of a 1:1 complex between SR1 and Sn4+. This research provides a new approach for the development of rhodamine‐based sensors towards metal ions with large Stokes shifts.
Biocomposite foams from poly(lactic acid) and rubber wood sawdust: Mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, and in vitro degradation
Authors: Sungsee Pasuta , Tanrattanakul Varaporn 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this work were to seek a simple method for preparation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) foams and evaluate properties of these foams for scaffold application. Using a typical blowing agent and compression molding, biocomposite foams were successfully prepared from a PLA/rubber wood sawdust (PLA/RWS) blend. Selection of RWS for the biocomposites was based on particle size. RWS particles in two size ranges were used: 212–600 μm and ≤75 μm. Alkaline and silane treatments were applied to the RWS before blending with PLA. The tensile properties, Izod impact strength, foam morphology, and thermal degradation of the biocomposite foams were evaluated. Cytotoxicity and in vitro degradation were tested to determine the potential of the biocomposite foam for use as a scaffold in tissue engineering. Silane treatment improved mechanical properties by increasing the interfacial adhesion between PLA and RWS. The density and void fraction of the foam samples had a greater effect on mechanical properties than pore size. Proliferation of MG‐63 cells increased with culture time, indicating that the foam samples were not cytotoxic. Promising samples were tested for degradation in a lysozyme/phosphate‐buffered saline and showed a slow rate of in vitro degradation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48259.
Mobile‐Phase Modulators as Salt Tolerance Enhancers in Phenylboronate Chromatography: Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Mechanisms Underlying the Adsorption of Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Rosa Sara A. S. L. , Wagner Alexandra , da Silva Cláudia L. , Aires‐Barros Maria R. , Azevedo Ana M. , Dias‐Cabral Ana C. 
Published: July 2019

Phenylboronate chromatography has been employed for bioseparation applications though details concerning the mechanisms of interaction between the ligand and macromolecules remain widely unknown. Here, the phenomena underlying the adsorption of an anti‐human interleukin‐8 (anti‐IL8) monoclonal antibody (mAb) onto an m‐aminophenylboronic acid (m‐APBA) ligand in the presence of different mobile‐phase modulators (NaF/MgCl
2/(NH
4)
2SO
4) and under different pH values (7.5/8.5/9.0) is investigated. Flow microcalorimetry (FMC) is applied to measure instantaneous heat energy transfer, providing insights about the role of specific and nonspecific interactions involved in the adsorptive process. Results show that the adsorption of anti‐IL8 mAb to m‐APBA is enthalpically driven, corroborating the presence of the reversible esterification reaction between boronic acid or boronates and cis‐diol‐containing molecules. Nevertheless, for all mobile‐phase modulators studied, changes in thermogram profiles are observed as well as reductions in the net heat of adsorption when increasing the pH. Overall, FMC and parallel chromatographic experiments data suggest that ligand salt tolerance could be enhanced using mobile‐phase modulators, with all salts studied promoting the specific cis‐diol interactions and reducing nonspecific interactions. The last feature is more noticeable at pH values above ligand's pK
a, mainly due to the ability of NaF and (NH
4)
2SO
4 to diminish electrostatic interactions when compared to the commonly used NaCl.
Engineering Escherichia coli for enhanced sensitivity to the autoinducer‐2 quorum sensing signal
Authors: Stephens Kristina , Zargar Amin , Emamian Milad , Abutaleb Nadia , Choi Erica , Quan David N. , Payne Gregory , Bentley William E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2) quorum sensing system is involved in a range of population‐based bacterial behaviors and has been engineered for cell–cell communication in synthetic biology systems. Investigation into the cellular mechanisms of AI‐2 processing has determined that overexpression of uptake genes increases AI‐2 uptake rate, and genomic deletions of degradation genes lowers the AI‐2 level required for activation of reporter genes. Here, we combine these two strategies to engineer an Escherichia coli strain with enhanced ability to detect and respond to AI‐2. In an E. coli strain that does not produce AI‐2, we monitored AI‐2 uptake and reporter protein expression in a strain that overproduced the AI‐2 uptake or phosphorylation units LsrACDB or LsrK, a strain with the deletion of AI‐2 degradation units LsrF and LsrG, and an “enhanced” strain with both overproduction of AI‐2 uptake and deletion of AI‐2 degradation elements. By adding up to 40 μM AI‐2 to growing cell cultures, we determine that this “enhanced” AI‐2 sensitive strain both uptakes AI‐2 more rapidly and responds with increased reporter protein expression than the others. This work expands the toolbox for manipulating AI‐2 quorum sensing processes both in native environments and for synthetic biology applications.
Resistance of t(17;19)‐acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines to multiagents in induction therapy
Authors: Watanabe Atsushi , Inukai Takeshi , Kagami Keiko , Abe Masako , Takagi Masatoshi , Fukushima Takashi , Fukushima Hiroko , Nanmoku Toru , Terui Kiminori , Ito Tatsuya , Toki Tsutomu , Ito Etsuro , Fujimura Junya , Goto Hiroaki , Endo Mikiya , Look Thomas , Kamps Mark , Minegishi Masayoshi , Takita Junko , Inaba Toshiya , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Ohara Akira , Harama Daisuke , Shinohara Tamao , Somazu Shinpei , Oshiro Hiroko , Akahane Koshi , Goi Kumiko , Sugita Kanji 
Published: July 2019

Abstractt(17;19)(q21‐q22;p13), responsible for TCF3‐HLF fusion, is a rare translocation in childhood B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia(BCP‐ALL). t(1;19)(q23;p13), producing TCF3‐PBX1 fusion, is a common translocation in childhood BCP‐ALL. Prognosis of t(17;19)‐ALL is extremely poor, while that of t(1;19)‐ALL has recently improved dramatically in intensified chemotherapy. In this study, TCF3‐HLF mRNA was detectable at a high level during induction therapy in a newly diagnosed t(17;19)‐ALL case, while TCF3‐PBX1 mRNA was undetectable at the end of induction therapy in most newly diagnosed t(1;19)‐ALL cases. Using 4 t(17;19)‐ALL and 16 t(1;19)‐ALL cell lines, drug response profiling was analyzed. t(17;19)‐ALL cell lines were found to be significantly more resistant to vincristine (VCR), daunorubicin (DNR), and prednisolone (Pred) than t(1;19)‐ALL cell lines. Sensitivities to three (Pred, VCR, and l‐asparaginase [l‐Asp]), four (Pred, VCR, l‐Asp, and DNR) and five (Pred, VCR, l‐Asp, DNR, and cyclophosphamide) agents, widely used in induction therapy, were significantly poorer for t(17;19)‐ALL cell lines than for t(1;19)‐ALL cell lines. Consistent with poor responses to VCR and DNR, gene and protein expression levels of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) were higher in t(17;19)‐ALL cell lines than in t(1;19)‐ALL cell lines. Inhibitors for P‐gp sensitized P‐gp‐positive t(17;19)‐ALL cell lines to VCR and DNR. Knockout of P‐gp by CRISPRCas9 overcame resistance to VCR and DNR in the P‐gp‐positive t(17;19)‐ALL cell line. A combination of cyclosporine A with DNR prolonged survival of NSG mice inoculated with P‐gp‐positive t(17;19)‐ALL cell line. These findings indicate involvement of P‐gp in resistance to VCR and DNR in Pgp positive t(17;19)‐ALL cell lines. In all four t(17;19)‐ALL cell lines, RAS pathway mutation was detected. Furthermore, among 16 t(1;19)‐ALL cell lines, multiagent resistance was usually observed in the cell lines with RAS pathway mutation in comparison to those without it, suggesting at least a partial involvement of RAS pathway mutation in multiagent resistance of t(17;19)‐ALL.