bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of danofloxacin in chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) following intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and oral administrations
Authors: Corum Orhan , Durna Corum Duygu , Atik Orkun , Eser Faki Hatice , Altan Feray , Uney Kamil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and bioavailability of danofloxacin in chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) following intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and oral (PO) administrations at a dose of 10 mg/kg. A total of eight clinically healthy chukar partridges weighing 480 ± 45 g were used for the investigation. The study was performed in a crossover design (2 × 2 × 2 × 2) with a 15‐day washout period between two administrations in four periods. The plasma concentrations of danofloxacin were determined using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Noncompartmental PK parameters were also estimated. No local or systemic adverse drug effects were observed in any of the chukar partridges. The mean elimination half‐life ranged between 8.18 and 12.08 hr and differed statistically among administration routes. The mean peak plasma concentrations of danofloxacin following IM, SC, and PO administrations were 8.05, 9.58, and 3.39 μg/ml at 0.5, 1, and 4 hr, respectively. Following IM, SC, and PO administrations, the mean bioavailability was 86.33%, 134.40%, and 47.62%, respectively. The mean total clearance and volume of distribution at steady‐state following IV administration were 0.13 L hr−1 kg−1 and 0.96 L/kg, respectively. These data, including favorable PKs and the absence of adverse drug effects, suggest that danofloxacin is a useful antibiotic in chukar partridges.
The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 106
Authors: Gattacceca Jérôme , Bouvier Audrey , Grossman Jeffrey , Metzler Knut , Uehara Minoru 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMeteoritical Bulletin 106 contains 1868 meteorites including 10 falls (Aiquile, Broek in Waterland, Degtevo, Dingle Dell, Dishchii'bikoh, Hradec Králové, Kheneg Ljouâd, Oudiyat Sbaa, Serra Pelada, Tres Irmaos), with 1386 ordinary chondrites, 166 carbonaceous chondrites, 119 HED achondrites, 48 Lunar meteorites, 37 iron meteorites, 36 ureilites, 19 Martian meteorites, 13 enstatite chondrites, 12 Rumuruti chondrites, 9 primitive achondrites, 8 mesosiderites, 5 enstatite achondrites, 4 ungrouped achondrites, 4 pallasites, and 1 relict meteorite. A total of 958 meteorites are from Africa, 405 from Antarctica, 245 from Asia, 228 from South America, 12 from North America, 8 from Europe, 5 from Mars, 4 from Oceania, and 1 from an unknown location.
Petrogenesis of lunar impact melt rock meteorite Oued Awlitis 001
Authors: Wittmann Axel , Korotev Randy L. , Jolliff Bradley L. , Nishiizumi Kunihiko , Jull A. J. Timothy , Caffee Marc W. , Zanetti Michael , Irving Anthony J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOued Awlitis 001 is a highly feldspathic, moderately equilibrated, clast‐rich, poikilitic impact melt rock lunar meteorite that was recovered in 2014. Its poikilitic texture formed due to moderately slow cooling, which judging from textures of rocks in melt sheets of terrestrial impact structures, is observed in impact melt volumes at least 100 m thick. Such coherent impact melt volumes occur in lunar craters larger than ~50 km in diameter. The composition of Oued Awlitis 001 points toward a crustal origin distant from incompatible‐element‐rich regions. Comparison of the bulk composition of Oued Awlitis 001 with Lunar Prospector 5° γ‐ray spectrometer data indicates a limited region of matches on the lunar farside. After its initial formation in an impact crater larger than ~50 km in diameter, Oued Awlitis 001 was excavated from a depth greater than ~50 m. The cosmogenic nuclide inventory of Oued Awlitis 001 records ejection from the Moon 0.3 Ma ago from a depth of at least 4 m and little mass loss due to ablation during its passage through Earth's atmosphere. The terrestrial residence time must have been very short, probably less than a few hundred years; its exact determination was precluded by a high concentration of solar cosmic ray‐produced 14C. If the impact that excavated Oued Awlitis 001 also launched it, this event likely produced an impact crater >10 km in diameter. Using petrologic constraints and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera and Diviner data, we test Giordano Bruno and Pierazzo as possible launch craters for Oued Awlitis 001.
Working in the dead of night: exploring the transition to after‐hours duty
Authors: Walzak Alison , Butler Deborah , Bates Joanna , Farrell Laura , Law Sai Fai Bosco , Pratt Daniel D 
Published: November 2018

ContextTransitions, although often difficult, represent integral components of medical training. New postgraduate trainees (first‐year residents) find themselves in an especially challenging transition as they are expected to fulfil both learning and service expectations concurrently. Workplace learning theory has been suggested as a lens through which to understand this unique educational, yet service‐oriented, role. This tension may be further amplified overnight when residents are on‐call with little to no support.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to explore the transition from medical student to resident with respect to the on‐call experience, and to provide theory‐based suggestions to enhance learning during this unique transition.MethodsWe conducted an interpretivist qualitative study by interviewing eight medical students and 10 first‐year residents from six different specialty training programmes across four academic sites. Each semi‐structured interview was transcribed verbatim and anonymised. Resident interview transcripts were initially coded for major themes, after which medical student interview transcripts were coded for consistencies and discrepancies.ResultsFour interrelated themes were identified in students’ and residents’ descriptions of on‐call experiences: (i) shift in responsibility; (ii) supervisory support; (iii) contextual conditions, and (iv) clarity of expectations. Generally, students were not able to anticipate the challenges they would face as residents on‐call, and residents perceived the transition as sudden with little emphasis placed on learning.ConclusionsFirst‐year residents face multiple challenges during on‐call, which may prevent optimal learning in this setting. These challenges are amplified by the large gap between the respective roles of medical students and residents. We identified promoters of and barriers to effective learning in this environment and, by using workplace learning theory, provide recommendations for how we might be able to enhance medical students’ preparation for and first‐year residents’ learning during experiences of being on‐call.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students: overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Tam Wilson , Lo Kenneth , Pacheco João 
Published: November 2018

ContextThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students has been found to be higher than among other students because of their longer studying time, higher workload and larger financial burden. Despite the availability of reviews examining this, some have focused solely on one country, whereas others used databases containing papers of solely one language; therefore, the results from reviews might not be comprehensive. Against this background, this overview aims to synthesise the results from all the published systematic reviews of depression among medical students, in order to provide a more accurate result.MethodsA systematic search was conducted of online databases for published systematic reviews or meta‐analyses examining the prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students. The findings of individual studies included in these reviews were extracted and then combined with a random‐effects model. Subgroup analysis was conducted by regions.ResultsA total of 10 studies were selected in this overview, involving 249 primary studies and 162 450 medical students. MEDLINE was the most popular database used in these studies. The overlapping of primary studies in these reviews was appreciably high, except for three studies that focused on specific countries. The overall pooled prevalence was 27.0% (95% CI, 24.7–29.5%). Significant subgroup differences were detected (p < 0.001). The pooled prevalence among studies in the Western Pacific Region was the lowest, 18.9% (95% CI, 11.7–29.0%), whereas that in Africa (40.9%) was the highest (95% CI, 28.8–54.4%). The top five significant factors associated with depressive symptoms were: (i) year of study; (ii) gender; (iii) personal issues; (iv) family relations or issues, and (v) health status.ConclusionsDepression affected around a quarter of medical students in general and 40.9% of students in Africa. It is suggested that medical schools and health authorities should introduce preventive measures to curb the high prevalence of depressive symptoms.
CLR‐4, a novel conserved transcription factor for cellulase gene expression in ascomycete fungi
Authors: Liu Qian , Li Jingen , Gao Ranran , Li Jinyang , Ma Guoli , Tian Chaoguang 
Published: November 2018

SummaryFungal degradation of lignocellulosic biomass requires various (hemi‐)cellulases and is an important part of the natural carbon cycle. Although induction of cellulases has been described for some saprobic filamentous fungi, the regulation of cellulase transcription is complex and many aspects are still poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized the novel cellulase regulation factor NcCLR‐4 in Neurospora crassa and its ortholog MtCLR‐4 in Myceliophthora thermophila. Deletion of CLR‐4 resulted in similarly defective cellulolytic enzyme production and activities. Transcriptome analyses of ΔNcclr‐4/ΔMtclr‐4 revealed the down‐regulation of genes encoding (hemi‐)cellulases and pivotal regulators (clr‐1, clr‐2 and xyr‐1) and key genes in the cAMP signaling pathway such as adenylate cyclase Nccr‐1. Intracellular cAMP levels were markedly lower in ΔNcclr‐4/ΔMtclr‐4 than in wild‐type during cellulose utilization. In electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and DNase I footprinting assays, NcCLR‐4/MtCLR‐4 can directly bound to the promoters of Nccr‐1/Mtcr‐1 (encoding adenylyl cyclase). EMSAs also demonstrated that NcCLR‐4/MtCLR‐4 could directly bound to clr‐1 (encoding a key cellulase regulator), Mtclr‐2 and Mtxyr‐1 (encoding biomass deconstruction regulators). These findings about the novel cellulase expression regulators NcCLR‐4 and MtCLR‐4 enrich our understanding of how cellulose degradation is regulated and provide new targets for engineering fungi to deconstruct plant biomass in biorefineries.
Mosquito bloodmeal preferences in two zoological gardens in Germany
Authors: Heym E. C. , Kampen H. , Schäfer M. , Walther D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBecause they provide a high density and diversity of vertebrate species, small water pools and shaded environments, zoological gardens offer ideal living conditions for numerous mosquito species. Depending on their host preferences and vector competencies, these species may be able to transmit pathogens between native and non‐adapted exotic blood host species, thereby causing morbidity and mortality among valuable zoo animals. To determine the extent to which native mosquito species feed on captive and wild animals, as well as on humans, in two German zoological gardens, mosquitoes were collected over two seasons by trapping and aspirating. A total of 405 blood‐fed specimens belonging to 16 mosquito taxa were collected. Genetic bloodmeal analysis revealed 56 host species, mainly representing mammals of the zoo animal population, including exotic species previously not known as blood hosts of the mosquito species collected. These results indicate opportunistic feeding patterns with low host‐specificity in the analysed mosquitoes, although these could be grouped, according to their bloodmeals, into ‘amphibian‐’, ‘non‐human mammal‐’ and ‘non‐human mammal and human‐’ feeding species. As the blood‐feeding preferences of vector‐competent mosquito species are major determinants of vector capacity, information on the blood‐feeding behaviour of mosquitoes in zoos is crucial to the success of targeted vector management.
Managing liver dysfunction in haematology patients: Switch antifungals, or use the tincture of time?
Authors: Perissinotti Anthony J. , Marini Bernard L. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryLiver function test (LFT) abnormalities are a common occurrence in haematology patients receiving antifungal therapies. The cause of elevated LFTs is often multifactorial. Posaconazole is associated with elevated LFTs in approximately 5%‐10% of patients. Recently, DiPippo, et al demonstrated that switching to isavuconazole in such cases leads to a reduction in LFTs in the majority of patients. However, the LFTs in such patients may have declined with time while continuing on posaconazole therapy. We retrospectively assessed LFT kinetics in 157 AML patients receiving posaconazole for antifungal prophylaxis and found that in 27 patients who developed grade 2 or higher CTCAE hepatotoxicity, 85% (23/27) had lower LFTs at the end of posaconazole therapy, despite continuation in the setting of hepatotoxicity, and this change from maximum LFTs was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Thus, the development of LFT abnormalities while on posaconazole therapy may not warrant a switch to an alternative, potentially less effective antifungal, as hepatotoxicity is often multifactorial and generally resolves with time in the majority of patients.
Impact of big data on oral health outcomes
Authors: Nanayakkara Shanika , Zhou Xiaoyan , Spallek Heiko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBiomedical big data amasses from different sources such as electronic health records, health research, wearable devices and social media. Recent advances in data capturing, storage and analysis techniques have facilitated conversion of a wealth of knowledge in biomedical big data into evidence‐based actionable plans to enhance population health and well‐being. The delay in reaping the benefits of biomedical big data in dentistry is mainly due to the slow adoption of electronic health record systems, unstructured clinical records, tattered communication between data silos and perceiving oral health as a separate entity from general health. Recent recognition of the complex interplay between oral and general health has acknowledged the power of oral health big data to glean new insights on disease prevention and management. This review paper summarizes recent advances, limitations and challenges in biomedical big data in health care with emphasis on oral health and discusses the potential future applications of oral health big data to improve the quality and efficiency of personalized health care.
Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases, and Interleukins in Vertebral Cartilage Endplate
Authors: Zhang Jian‐feng , Wang Gang‐liang , Zhou Zhi‐jie , Fang Xiang‐qian , Chen Shuai , Fan Shun‐wu 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTurnover of cartilage endplate extracellular matrix (ECM) may play an important role in disc degeneration and low back pain (LBP). However, the expression pattern of pro‐inflammatory factors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) in the cartilage endplates (CEP) of intervertebral discs (IVD) is not understood. We aimed to examine the transcriptional levels of MMP, TIMP, and interleukins (IL), and the correlations between them.MethodsThirty degenerated cartilage endplate samples from patients with LBP who underwent lumbar fusion surgery were included in the degenerated group. Ten patients without LBP history who underwent lumbar surgery because of vertebral burst fractures were included in the control group. The degenerative severity of the samples was evaluated by MRI, and hematoxylin–eosin and safranin O‐fast green (SO‐FG) staining. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of MMP‐1, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, MMP‐13, TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2, TIMP‐3, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. The correlations between the levels of these genes were tested using Spearman’s rho test.ResultsHematoxylin–eosin and SO‐FG staining confirmed a decrease in cell number and proteoglycans in the degenerated cartilage endplate. MRI showed significant signal changes in degenerated cartilage endplates. Patients in the degenerated group showed a higher rate of endplate Modic changes when compared with the control group. MMP‐3, MMP‐9, TIMP‐3, IL‐1α, and IL‐1β were elevated with statistical significance, while MMP‐1, MMP‐13, TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2, and IL‐6 were changed without statistical significance or remained unchanged. Expression of MMP‐3 was positively correlated with IL‐1α (Spearman coefficient, 0.486; P < 0.05); expression of TIMP‐3 was positively correlated with MMP‐9, IL‐1α, and IL‐1β (Spearman coefficient, 0.577, 0.407, and 0.571, respectively; P < 0.05).ConclusionMMP‐3, MMP‐9, TIMP‐3, IL‐1α, and IL‐1β may play a role in the process of cartilage endplate degeneration. MMP‐3 may be regulated by IL‐1α, and TIMP‐3 might be associated with MMP‐9 and regulated by IL‐1α and IL‐1β.
A systematic review and narrative synthesis on the histological and neurobehavioral long‐term effects of dexmedetomidine
Authors: van Hoorn Camille E. , Hoeks Sanne E. , Essink Heleen , Tibboel Dick , de Graaff Jurgen C. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundRecent experimental studies suggest that currently used anesthetics have neurotoxic effects on young animals. Clinical studies are increasingly publishing about the effects of anesthesia on the long‐term outcome, providing contradictory results. The selective alpha‐2 adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine has been suggested as an alternative nontoxic sedative agent.AimsThe aim of this systematic review was to assess the potential neuroprotective and neurobehavioral effects of dexmedetomidine in young animals and children.MethodsSystematic searches separately for preclinical and clinical studies were performed in Medline Ovid and Embase on February 14, 2018.ResultsThe initial search found preclinical (n = 661) and clinical (n = 240) studies. A total of 20 preclinical studies were included. None of the clinical studies met the predefined eligibility criteria. Histologic injury by dexmedetomidine was evaluated in 11 studies, and was confirmed in three of these studies (caspase‐3 activation or apoptosis). Decrease of injury caused by another anesthetic was evaluated in 16 studies and confirmed in 13 of these. Neurobehavioral tests were performed in seven out of the 20 studies. Of these seven rodent studies, three studies tested the effects of dexmedetomidine alone on neurobehavioral outcome in animals (younger than P21). All three studies found no negative effect of dexmedetomidine on the outcome. In six studies, outcome was evaluated when dexmedetomidine was administered following another anesthetic. Dexmedetomidine was found to lessen the negative effects of the anesthetic.ConclusionIn animals, dexmedetomidine was found not to induce histologic injury and to show a beneficial effect when administered with another anesthetic. No clinical results on the long‐term effects in children have been identified yet.
Hydrogen peroxide facilitates Arabidopsis seedling establishment by interacting with light signalling pathway in the dark
Authors: Cheng Han , Liang Qun , Chen Xiang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Qiao Fei , Guo Dianjing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLight is essential for the plant establishment. Arabidopsis seedlings germinated in the dark cannot grow leaf and only have closed cotyledons. However, exogenous application of H2O2 can induce leaves (establishment) in the dark. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that light‐responsive genes were activated by H2O2 treatment. These genes are functionally correlated with photosynthesis, photorespiration, and components of photosystem, such as antenna proteins and light‐harvesting chlorophyll proteins. We further found that application of H2O2 facilitates cell cycle by accelerating G2–M checkpoint transition in shoot apical meristem. Phytochrome‐mediated light signalling pathway was also involved in the H2O2‐facilitated establishment process. The constitutive photomorphogenesis 1 and phytochrome interacting factor 3 proteins were shown to be down‐regulated by H2O2 treatment and accordingly removed their inhibitory effects on photomorphogenesis in the dark. The crosstalk between oxidation and light signal pathways explains the mechanism that H2O2 regulates plant dark establishment. The endogenous photorespiratory H2O2 production was mimicked by overexpression of glycolate oxidase genes and supplement of substrate glycolate. As expected, seedling establishment was also induced by the endogenously produced H2O2 under dark condition. These findings also suggest that photorespiratory H2O2 production is at least partially involved in postgermination establishment.
Severe vemurafenib‐induced photosensitivity in a 6‐year‐old boy
Authors: Jew Olivia S. , Provini Lauren E. , Treat James R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVemurafenib, a selective BRAF kinase inhibitor, has been found to induce several cutaneous adverse effects, ranging from a keratosis pilaris‐like reaction to squamous cell carcinoma. While photosensitivity has been well described as one of these manifestations, we report a case of a 6‐year‐old boy on vemurafenib who developed a severe blistering sunburn after only two 30‐minute episodes of sun exposure. A brief review of other common cutaneous adverse effects of vemurafenib is also provided.
Combined liver‐kidney transplantation for primary hyperoxaluria type I in children: Single Center Experience
Authors: Kotb Magd A. , Hamza Alaa F. , Abd El Kader Hesham , El Monayeri Magda , Mosallam Dalia S. , Ali Nazira , Basanti Christine William Shaker , Bazaraa Hafez , Abdelrahman Hany , Nabhan Marwa M. , Abd El Baky Hend , El Sorogy Sally T. Mostafa , Kamel Inas E.M. , Ismail Hoda , Ramadan Yasmin , Abd El Rahman Safaa M. , Soliman Neveen A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrimary hyperoxalurias are rare inborn errors of metabolism with deficiency of hepatic enzymes that lead to excessive urinary oxalate excretion and overproduction of oxalate which is deposited in various organs. Hyperoxaluria results in serious morbid‐ity, end stage kidney disease (ESKD), and mortality if left untreated. Combined liver kidney transplantation (CLKT) is recognized as a management of ESKD for children with hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). This study aimed to report outcome of CLKT in a pediatric cohort of PH1 patients, through retrospective analysis of data of 8 children (2 girls and 6 boys) who presented by PH1 to Wadi El Nil Pediatric Living Related Liver Transplant Unit during 2001‐2017. Mean age at transplant was 8.2 ± 4 years. Only three of the children underwent confirmatory genotyping. Three patients died prior to surgery on waiting list. The first attempt at CLKT was consecutive, and despite initial successful liver transplant, the girl died of biliary peritonitis prior to scheduled renal transplant. Of the four who underwent simultaneous CLKT, only two survived and are well, one with insignificant complications, and other suffered from abdominal Burkitt lymphoma managed by excision and resection anastomosis, four cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. The other two died, one due to uncontrollable bleeding within 36 hours of procedure, while the other died awaiting renal transplant after loss of renal graft to recurrent renal oxalosis 6 months post‐transplant. PH1 with ESKD is a rare disease; simultaneous CLKT offers good quality of life for afflicted children. Graft shortage and renal graft loss to oxalosis challenge the outcome.