bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated resistance to cauliflower mosaic virus
Authors: Liu Haijie , Soyars Cara L. , Li Jianhui , Fei Qili , He Guijuan , Peterson Brenda A. , Meyers Blake C. , Nimchuk Zachary L. , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractViral diseases are a leading cause of worldwide yield losses in crop production. Breeding of resistance genes (R gene) into elite crop cultivars has been the standard and most cost‐effective practice. However, R gene‐mediated resistance is limited by the available R genes within genetic resources and in many cases, by strain specificity. Therefore, it is important to generate new and broad‐spectrum antiviral strategies. The CRISPR‐Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat, CRISPR‐associated) editing system has been employed to confer resistance to human viruses and several plant single‐stranded DNA geminiviruses, pointing out the possible application of the CRISPR‐Cas9 system for virus control. Here, we demonstrate that strong viral resistance to cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), a pararetrovirus with a double‐stranded DNA genome, can be achieved through Cas9‐mediated multiplex targeting of the viral coat protein sequence. We further show that small interfering RNAs (siRNA) are produced and mostly map to the 3′ end of single‐guide RNAs (sgRNA), although very low levels of siRNAs map to the spacer region as well. However, these siRNAs are not responsible for the inhibited CaMV infection because there is no resistance if Cas9 is not present. We have also observed edited viruses in systematically infected leaves in some transgenic plants, with short deletions or insertions consistent with Cas9‐induced DNA breaks at the sgRNA target sites in coat protein coding sequence. These edited coat proteins, in most cases, led to earlier translation stop and thus, nonfunctional coat proteins. We also recovered wild‐type CP sequence in these infected transgenic plants, suggesting these edited viral genomes were packaged by wild‐type coat proteins. Our data demonstrate that the CRISPR‐Cas9 system can be used for virus control against plant pararetroviruses with further modifications.
Effect of mass of pristine carbon nanotubes on the photolysis of phenylalanine
Authors: Humeres Eduardo , de Souza Eduardo Pinheiro , Debacher Nito Angelo , Lopes Cristiane Nunes , Moreira Regina de F.P.M. , Santaballa J. Arturo , Canle L. Moisés 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhotolyses at 254 nm of aqueous solutions of phenylalanine (Phe) were carried out at 25°C in the absence and presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT). The photolyses were performed in distilled, deoxygenated water and inert Ar atmosphere or in distilled water and air atmosphere. Kinetics of the photolyses were followed by UV spectrophotometry at 220 nm. Initial rates were obtained from the plot of ΔA versus Δt, both in the presence of CNT (ΔA/Δt = p*) and in their absence (ΔA/Δt =
). The ratio p*/
gave the ratio k*/
of the rate constants of the photolysis in the presence and in the absence of nanotubes, respectively. The mass of nanotubes produced an exponential attenuation of the photolytic decomposition of Phe with minor formation of tyrosine and an attenuation constant κ of the shielding effect of the nanotubes against the photolytic degradation of the amino acid. The results show the effects of CNT on the photolysis of Phe and support the previously observed attenuation effect of carbons on the denaturalizatoion of amino acids and proteins. It is concluded that carbons produce a shielding effect on the photolysis, absorbing the photons and decreasing substantially their denaturalization while at the same time excites the active sites of the carbon for the insertion reaction of the organic moiety.
Neutrophil elastase correlates with increased sphingolipid content in cystic fibrosis sputum
Authors: Karandashova Sophia , Kummarapurugu Apparao , Zheng Shuo , Kang Le , Sun Shumei , Rubin Bruce K. , Voynow Judith A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionSphingolipids are associated with the regulation of pulmonary inflammation. Although sphingolipids have been investigated in the context of cystic fibrosis (CF), the focus has been on loss of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function in mice, and in CF human lung epithelial cell lines. The sphingolipid content of CF sputum and the potential link between ceramide and airway inflammation in CF remain relatively unexplored.MethodsFifteen patients with CF provided two spontaneously expectorated sputum samples, one collected during a hospitalization for an acute pulmonary exacerbation and one from an outpatient visit at a time of clinical stability. Sputum was processed, and the supernatant assessed for active neutrophil elastase (NE) using a chromogenic microplate assay and sphingolipid content using reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS). Relevant demographic data including age, sex, CF genotype, FEV1 % predicted, and sputum bacteriology were assessed as possible modifying factors that could influence the correlation between NE and sputum sphingolipids. Data were analyzed for linear correlation, with statistical significance pre‐defined as P < 0.05.ResultsThere was a significant association between the concentration of active NE and ceramide, sphingomyelin, and monohexosylceramide moieties as well as sphingosine‐1‐phosphate. The presence of Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), FEV1 % predicted, and female gender further strengthened the association of NE and sphingolipids, but Pseudomonas aeruginosa had no effect on the association between NE and sphingolipids.ConclusionsThese data suggest that NE may increase pro‐inflammatory sphingolipid signaling, and the association is strengthened in female patients and patients with MRSA.
Increased cytokines in cystic fibrosis patients’ upper airways during a new P. aeruginosa colonization
Authors: Jaudszus Anke , Arnold Christin , Hentschel Julia , Hünniger Kerstin , Baier Michael , Mainz Jochen G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesPreviously, we found linkages of inflammatory mediator levels in CF upper airways (UAW) sampled by nasal lavage (NL) to disease severity and to chronic pathogen colonization such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA). Here, we assess UAW cytokine dynamics in CF patients with a new PsA colonization.MethodsWe measured cytokines in 149 longitudinally obtained NL samples from 34 CF patients. Cytokine concentrations determined prior to, at the time of de novo PsA detection in either UAW or lower airways (LAW), and in a subsequent PsA free period in newly colonized patients (PsA‐new/n = 7) were compared to levels of not‐ (PsA‐free/n = 13) and chronically colonized patients (PsA‐chron/n = 14). Moreover, serological and clinical data were compiled.ResultsConcentrations of IL‐1ß, IL‐6, and IL‐8 in samples taken prior to new PsA detection were comparable with PsA‐free patients. At the time of PsA detection and, most interestingly, irrespective of whether PsA occurred in the UAW or LAW, IL‐8 increased (P = 0.009) and IL‐6 tended to increase (P = 0.081). In these patients, detection of PsA was not related to elevated PsA antibody‐titers. In comparison, NL of PsA‐chron patients revealed generally lower IL‐8 and IL‐1β concentrations as in PsA‐free patients, most likely due to a consequent antibiotic and anti‐inflammatory therapy (eg, with azithromycin).ConclusionsMonitoring cytokine dynamics in the UAW by serial NL sampling may be valuable in the early phase of PsA acquisition and, thus, increase the chance to adjust treatment options early and more specifically.
Rifampin modulation of xeno‐ and endobiotic conjugating enzyme mRNA expression and associated microRNAs in human hepatocytes
Authors: Gufford Brandon T. , Robarge Jason D. , Eadon Michael T. , Gao Hongyu , Lin Hai , Liu Yunlong , Desta Zeruesenay , Skaar Todd C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRifampin is a pleiotropic inducer of multiple drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. This work utilized a global approach to evaluate rifampin effects on conjugating enzyme gene expression with relevance to human xeno‐ and endo‐biotic metabolism. Primary human hepatocytes from 7 subjects were treated with rifampin (10 μmol/L, 24 hours). Standard methods for RNA‐seq library construction, EZBead preparation, and NextGen sequencing were used to measure UDP‐glucuronosyl transferase UGT, sulfonyltransferase SULT, N acetyltransferase NAT, and glutathione‐S‐transferase GST mRNA expression compared to vehicle control (0.01% MeOH). Rifampin‐induced (>1.25‐fold) mRNA expression of 13 clinically important phase II drug metabolizing genes and repressed (>1.25‐fold) the expression of 3 genes (P < .05). Rifampin‐induced miRNA expression changes correlated with mRNA changes and miRNAs were identified that may modulate conjugating enzyme expression. NAT2 gene expression was most strongly repressed (1.3‐fold) by rifampin while UGT1A4 and UGT1A1 genes were most strongly induced (7.9‐ and 4.8‐fold, respectively). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) was used to simulate the clinical consequences of rifampin induction of CYP3A4‐ and UGT1A4‐mediated midazolam metabolism. Simulations evaluating isolated UGT1A4 induction predicted increased midazolam N‐glucuronide exposure (~4‐fold) with minimal reductions in parent midazolam exposure (~10%). Simulations accounting for simultaneous induction of both CYP3A4 and UGT1A4 predicted a ~10‐fold decrease in parent midazolam exposure with only a ~2‐fold decrease in midazolam N‐glucuronide metabolite exposure. These data reveal differential effects of rifampin on the human conjugating enzyme transcriptome and potential associations with miRNAs that form the basis for future mechanistic studies to elucidate the interplay of conjugating enzyme regulatory elements.
Synthesis of a Biological‐Based Glycoluril with Phosphorous Acid Tags as a New Nanostructured Catalyst: Application for the Synthesis of Novel Natural Henna‐Based Compounds
Authors: Moradi Saeid , Zolfigol Mohammad A. , Zarei Mahmoud , Alonso Diego A. , Khoshnood Abbas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA convenient multicomponent reaction towards the synthesis of natural henna‐based 3‐methyl‐1,4‐diphenyl‐1,4‐dihydrobenzo[6, 7]chromeno[2, 3‐c]pyrazole‐5,10‐dione derivatives by using a crabby nano glycoluril tetrakis(methylene phosphorous acid) (GTMPA), as an efficient and recyclable catalyst, under neat conditions is described. The major advantages of the synthetic methodology herein described are high yields, short reaction times, and the reusability of the catalyst, which has been fully characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Solid Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (31P NMR), Mass spectra (MS), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM‐Mapp.), Energy Dispersive X‐Ray (EDX), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTG), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The described biological‐based glycoluril with phosphorous acid pending may be applicable for the synthesis of gels, gelators, self‐healing and smart hydrogels.
A Real‐Time Electrochemical Impedance Analysis for Water‐In‐Oil Emulsions of Bitumen Diluted with Naphtha
Authors: Jiang Qiuyan , Li Qiuhong , Li Jiao , Li Aixiang , Cong Rimin , Si Weimeng , Li Zichuang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions of bitumen diluted with naphtha were characterized by a novel impedance technique in real time. Nyquist diagrams of electrochemical impedance spectra obtained for different systems present different spectra. For the system of bitumen in naphtha, only one semi‐circle is observed, and the resistance (RO) and capacitor (CO) are connected in parallel. Impedance measurement shows that the conductivity of bitumen results from the conductive components, asphaltenes. For the system containing W/O emulsions, Nyquist diagram is presented in two semicircles with different diameter, indicating different relaxation times corresponding to bitumen in naphtha and W/O emulsions respectively. The ROand COare in parallel combination and then connect in series with the resistance (RW/O) and capacitor (CW/O) of W/O emulsions. The value of RW/Oreduces with the decrease of volume fraction of W/O emulsions, which can be used to characterize the stability of emulsions. At the same time, the impedance spectra analysis plays an important role in the study of demulsification of W/O emulsions by comparing the RW/Oafter adding demulsifier ethylcellulose (EC). With the increase of EC concentration, the RW/Oreduces and eventually disappears due to the decrease of volume fraction of emulsions. Further work needs to be studied to establish the relationship between dielectric constant and volume fraction of emulsions.
Design and Development of Biogel Through Hierarchical Self‐Organisation of Biomolecule for Sustainable Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Raveendran Reshma L. , Devaki Sudha J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the design and development of biogel (PPG) through self‐organisation of 3‐ pentadecylphenoxirane grafted polyglucopyranose and demonstration of its antimicrobial applications. 3‐pentadecylphenoxirane (PO) is an epoxy derivative of 3‐pentadecylphenol which is prepared from cashew nut shell liquid, an industrial waste of cashew industry. Polyglucopyranose (PG) is isolated from abundantly available underutlilised jackfruit seed starch. During grafting epoxy converted to hydroxyl group and the grafted molecule is endowed with large number of hydroxyl group, aromatic ring and long hydrocarbon chain which may undergo supramolecular organized structures through various noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic layer by layer assembling (ESLBL), π‐ π and van der Waals to form time dependent columnar and lamellar phases which are confirmed by various microscopic techniques, rheology and XRD. Later demonstrated its antimicrobial screening studies against Gram positive and Gram negative. Results suggests that the developed design strategy can be exploited for generating macroscopically self‐organised biogel systems from small biomolecules for futuristic high performing multifunctional especially antimicrobial applications.
Photoinduced Assembly/Disassembly of Supramolecular Nanoparticle Based on Polycationic Cyclodextrin and Azobenzene‐Containing Surfactant
Authors: Li Zhong‐Yi , Chen Yong , Wu Huang , Liu Yu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe assembly of molecular induced aggregation and photo‐response has gradually evolved into one of the valuable topics in supramolecular chemistry and other important fields. In this work, a shrinkable nanoparticles with two opposite charges has been successfully constructed, i. e. polycationic cyclodextrin (H) and anionic azobenzene‐containing surfactant (G). Herein, polycationic cyclodextrins were able to induce the incorporation of azobenzene‐containing anionic surfactants into nanoparticles of about 181 nm in diameter. The resulting large nanoparticles can shrink into small nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 90 nm but recover to the original level by alternating UV and visible light radiation. Due to its photo‐triggered growth/shrinkage behavior, the nanoparticles can efficiently up‐load/release dyes and drug substrates in a controlled manner.
Convenient Photochemical Synthesis of Silver‐Polyaminocyclodextrin Nanocomposites: The Role of the Light Source from a Mechanistic Viewpoint
Authors: Russo Marco , Chillura Martino Delia , Caponetti Eugenio , Lo Meo Paolo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn investigation on the light‐driven reduction of the [Ag(NH3)2]+ complex in the presence of polyaminocyclodextrins was carried out, in order to clarify the mechanism of the process. The role of the organic auxiliary as both the sacrificial reductant and the capping agent was positively assessed. Moreover, particular attention was paid to the role of the irradiation source. Experimental results indicate that a complex mechanism is involved in the formation of the nanocomposite, with a primary photoinduced single‐electron‐transfer process promoted by irradiation with green light, followed by a secondary chemical reduction process activated by NIR. Representative composites were characterized by means of FTIR, TEM and SAED techniques. The light‐driven approach proposed here appears an appealing “green”, bio‐friendly method for the synthesis of stable nanosized silver composites, in view of possible applications as antimicrobial agents.
Naphthalimide‐Based Chiral Fluorescence Sensor Employing (S)‐BINOL Unit for Highly Enantioselective Recognition of α‐Amino Alcohols with Opposite Chiral Selectivity
Authors: Muralidharan Vivek Panyam , Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu Iyer 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA new naphthalimide‐based fluorescent probe [(S)‐1 and (S)‐2] employing (S)‐BINOL unit as a chiral responsive group has been designed and synthesized. Ligand (S)‐1 showed greater fluorescence enhancement towards (R)‐amino alcohol and the value of enantiomeric fluorescence difference (ef) ratio reached as high as 7.07 for phenylalaninol while (S)‐phenylalaninol did not show much enhancement in fluorescence, whereas ligand (S)‐2 showed ef value of 4.49 for phenylalaninol. The fluorescence enhancement can be attributed to imine formation and H‐bonding. Further, the R/S chiral selectivity of ligands (S)‐1 and (S)‐2 is opposite. The chiral discrimination ability of (S)‐1 and (S)‐2 was tested via fluorescence, NMR and CD spectral analysis. The results indicated that the sensor (S)‐1 was very promising for use as a fluorescent sensor in determining the enantiomeric composition of α‐amino alcohols.
Synthesis of Tetra 3,4‐dimethoxyphenethoxy Peripheral Substituted Metallophthalocyanines and Investigation of Some Properties
Authors: Ağırtaş Mehmet Salih , Solğun Derya Güngördü , Özdemir Sadin , İzgi Mehmet Sait 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of tetra 3,4‐dimethoxyphenethoxy substituted cobalt, zinc and copper phthalocyanines are reported. These compounds have been characterized by using electronic absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The aggregation behaviors were investigated in different concentrations phthalocyanine complexes. The photodegradation stabilities of pthalocyanine complexes 4–6 were determined in THF. The antioxidant activities of scavenging effect on 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and ferrous chelating reducing power were also investigated. The antimicrobial effects of compounds were evaluated. In addition, DNA cleavage activities of the ligand and its phthalocyanine complexes were experimented on plasmid DNA (pBR322) using DNA gel electrophoresis and the complexes exhibited promising cleavage activity. Thermal properties of compounds were determined by thermogravimetric analysis(TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA).
Novel Application of a Polyurethane Membrane for Efficient Separation of Hydrogen Sulfide from Binary and Ternary Gas Mixtures
Authors: Sadeghi Morteza , Talakesh Mohammad Mehdi , Arabi Shamsabadi Ahmad , Soroush Masoud 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecently we introduced a new polyurethane (PU) membrane synthesized from polypropylene glycol (PPG), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and 1, 4‐butane diol (BDO), and then studied the performance of the membrane for CO2 removal. This paper presents a novel application of the PPG‐HDI‐BDO membrane for separation of H2S in binary and ternary gas mixtures. The gas transport properties of the membrane in binary H2S/CH4 and ternary CH4/CO2/H2S gas mixtures at different temperatures, pressures, and gas compositions are investigated. Permeation tests show that the membrane has a high H2S/CH4 selectivity (27.2), an outstanding H2S permeability of 790 Barrer, and a remarkable CO2 permeability of 473 Barrer. The H2S permeability of 790 Barrer is the highest reported to this date for all PU membranes. The H2S permeability and H2S/CH4 selectivity of the membrane increases with temperature. As the operating pressure increases, the CO2/CH4 and H2S/CH4 selectivities of the membrane increases. H2S and CO2 permeabilities and H2S/CH4 and CO2/CH4 selectivities increase, as the H2S content of the feed increases. Solubility is most likely the dominant mechanism of gas permeation in this membrane. As the CO2 content of the feed stream increases, the H2S permeability and H2S/CH4 selectivity of the membrane decreases. The membrane has maximum H2S/CH4 selectivities of 27.4 in binary H2S/CH4 (with 0.075 mol% H2S) and 27.2 in ternary CH4/CO2/H2S (with 0.66 mol% H2S).
An Optical Chemodosimeter Coumarin Nosylate for Probing Fluoride Ion: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Photophysical and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Pandey Abha , Kumar Ajit , Vishwakarma Siddharth , Upadhyay Kaushal Kumar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo achieve selectivity for fluoride recently researchers resorted on its nucleophilic characteristics rather than its basicity. The design strategy of this kind of probe involves masking of a fluorescent moiety with NBS/DNBS masking groups. Attack of fluoride over the same leads to release of fluorescent moiety in the solution. The prime concern of this family of probes is that no crystallographic evidence is available till date in the literature to the best of our knowledge. We are reporting herein a new chemodosimeter in the form of a coumarin nosylate (CMS) as a dual channel optical probe for the smart detection of fluoride. Interestingly, we not only isolated single crystals of CMS but also successfully isolated the fluoride (F−) induced cleaved product of CMS i. e. chromenolate counter balanced with tetrabutylammonium (TBA) ion.
Open Flask, Clean and Practical Protocol for Diastereoselective Syntheses of Oxindole Containing Phosphinoyl Compounds under Catalyst‐Free and Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Bai Rekha , Choudhary Rakhee , Singh Pratibha , Thakuria Ranjit , Sharma Mahesh C. , Badsara Satpal Singh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn open flask, practical C−P bond formation between oxindole containing allyl alcohols and phosphorous surrogates under catalyst‐free and solvent‐free conditions is described. The C−P bond formation is completely diastereoselective and amenable to a variety of multifunctional allyl alcohols under the reaction conditions employed, providing the desired products in excellent yields.
Four New Stable Lanthanide Organic Frameworks: Highly Selective Luminescent Sensing and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Zhang Si‐Si , Yan Yang‐Tian , Zhang Wen‐Yan , Guo Fu‐Sheng , Wang Yao‐Yu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFour new two‐dimensional isostructural lanthanide metal‐organic frameworks {[Ln(L)(LH)(H2O)2]⋅H2O}n (1‐Ln; Ln=Sm, Eu, Tb and Dy) were successfully assembled under hydro(solvo)thermal conditions by Ln3+ salts and 4‐(3‐carboxyl‐1,2,4‐1H‐triazol‐1‐yl) benzoic acid (H2L). Compounds are isostructural and display a 2D 3‐connected fes 2‐periodic net with the point symbol of (4⋅82). Thus, 1‐Eu was chosen as a probe for sensing different metal ions and anions due to the excellent luminescence and good luminescent stability in water. 1‐Eu shows high selectivity for Fe3+, Cr2O72− and CrO42− ions, indicating that 1‐Eu should be an excellent candidate for luminescence sensing material. Furthermore, antiferromagnetic exchange couplings between the neighbouring Dy3+ ions exist in 1‐Dy.