bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and the presence of temporomandibular disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Carvalho Lucas Senra Correa , Nascimento Osvaldo José Moreira , Rodrigues Luciane Lacerda Franco Rocha , Matta Andre Palma Da Cunha 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and to investigate whether an association exists between the presence of TMD symptoms and the degree of MS-related disability. Materials and Methods: In all, 120 individuals were evaluated: 60 patients with a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS and 60 age- and sex-matched controls without neurological impairments. A questionnaire recommended by the European Academy of Craniomandibular Disorders for the assessment of TMD symptoms was administered. For those who answered affirmatively to at least one of the questions, the RDC/TMD Axis I instrument was used for a possible classification of TMD subtypes. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was the measure of the degree of MS-related disability. Statistical Analysis Used: Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the data. ANOVA was used to detect significant differences between means and to assess whether the factors influenced any of the dependent variables by comparing means from the different groups. Results: The prevalence of TMD symptoms in patients with MS was 61.7% versus 18.3% in the control group (CG). A diagnosis of TMD was established for 36.7% in the MS group and 3.3% in the CG (P = 0.0001). There were statistically significant differences between degrees of MS-related disability and the prevalence of TMD (P = 0.0288). Conclusions: The prevalence of both TMD and TMD symptoms was significantly greater in the MS group. EDSS scores and TMD prevalence rates were inversely related.
L'enlèvement des déchets d’abattages dans les abattoirs publics (Définition, Législation, Jurisprudence)
Authors: Fleckinger Robert 
Published: March 2018

Les litiges au sujet de l’enlèvement des déchets et détritus d’abattage dans les abattoirs publics ont permis d’établir une jurisprudence au niveau du Conseil d’Etat.
La présente note, après définition des déchets concernés et revue de la législation, précise cette jurisprudence aux termes de laquelle les dépenses dudit enlèvement incombent aux usagers et peuvent être recouvrées sous forme d'une redevance de prestation de services assise au kg de viande nette.
Observations sur un foyer de Trichinose humaine en Italie
Authors: Mantovani A. , Filippini I. , Saccheti A. , Bergomi S. , Cavrini C. , Marastoni G. , Balestrazzi V. , Baldelli R. , Battelli G. , Canestri-Trotti G. , Gaiardi S. , Mari S. , Sanguinetti V. , Virgili-Fioretti D. , Ambrosi M. , Polidori G.-A. 
Published: March 2018

Les auteurs font connaître l’existence d’un foyer de Trichinose humaine découvert, au mois de septembre 1975, dans la commune de Bagnolo in Piano, à proximité de Reggio Emilia. Quatre-vingt-neuf personnes furent atteintes sans qu’il y eut de décès.
Après une vaste et rigoureuse enquête sur le terrain, dans les charcuteries et les boucheries, l’origine de la contamination semble pouvoir être attribuée à la consommation de viande d’un cheval provenant d’un pays d’Europe de l’Est (Pologne ou Yougoslavie).
L’immunocytologie du système à somatostatine (résultats personnels et revue générale)
Authors: Dubost P. , Martinat Nadine , Couvrand Chantal 
Published: March 2018

La Somatostatine immunoréactive apparaît présente dans le système nerveux central et au niveau du tube digestif.
1) Trois systèmes cellulaires ont été individualisés dans les centres nerveux :
a) un système magnocellulaire hypothalamique où le SRIF est associé à la neurophysine dans une partie des péricaryons des noyaux supraoptiques et paravent riculair es, distincts des cellules à ocytocine et à vasopressine.
b) un système parvocellulaire diffus, situé au voisinage du récessus supra-optique du IIIe ventricule et dont les péricaryons ne contiennent pas de neurophysine,
c) des cellules hypendymaires bordant le IIIe ventricule et l'épendyme , analogues aux «C.S.F. contacting neurons » de Vigh.
Les axones du premier se superposent aux tractus hypothalamo-infundi-bulaires et hypothalamo-posthypophysaires.
Les terminaisons axonales du deuxième seraient celles observées dans la couche palissadique de la zone extérieure de l'E.M.
2) La Somatostatine périphérique est présente dans les cellules ai des îlots de Langherans, dans les cellules des glandes en tube de la muqueuse juxta-pylorique et dans des cellules éparses des glandes de Lieberkhün du duodénum ; elles sont abondantes dans le proventricule de la poule.
Cette disposition se retrouve d'une manière similaire dans l'échelle des Vertébrés.
Productive Pumping: A Pilot Study to Help Postpartum Residents Increase Clinical Time
Authors: Creo Ana L. , Anderson Heather N. , Homme Jason H. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackground Many female residents choose to start families during training, and they want to breastfeed their infants. Continuing lactation while balancing service and education demands can be challenging.Objective We hypothesized that the presence of a dedicated and fully equipped lactation room with a hospital-grade pump (HGP) would increase ease and efficiency of lactation during residency.Methods A quiet HGP was purchased for resident use, and it was stored in a designated room with a computer, telephone, and dictation system. Lactating residents provided information about pumping time and production using their own portable double electric pump (PP) versus the HGP based on the first pump of the morning (for consistency), averaged over the first month back from maternity leave.Results Among 6 residents, lactation time with PP averaged 24 minutes (range, 15–40 minutes) versus 15.5 minutes with HGP (range, 10–32 minutes). Use of the HGP reduced total pumping time by 8.5 minutes (95% confidence interval 3.8–12.2, P = .045). Production volume increased from 6 ounces (range, 3.5–8.5 ounces) with PP to 8.8 ounces (range, 8–11 ounces) with HGP, for a mean increase of 2.8 ounces (95% confidence interval 1.2–4.3, P = .06) despite decreased lactation time.Conclusions In our pilot, an HGP significantly decreased lactation time, while increasing expressed milk volume. Residents completed clinical and educational tasks while pumping. Providing an HGP and equipped lactation space helped residents continue breastfeeding and decreased the burden of lactation on patient care and educational tasks.
Innovative green-technology SMEs as an opportunity to promote financial de-risking
Authors: Verdolini Elena , Bak Céline , Ruet Joël , Venkatachalam Anbumozhi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The authors recommend that the G20 target innovative green-technology SMEs as an opportunity to promote financial de-risking while addressing Paris Agreement commitments and UN Sustainable Development Goals. This should be achieved by creating signals for private investors through: (1) a reporting system that can help monitor the scale-up of green-technology SMEs; (2) the use of public funds to signal innovative green-technology SMEs to investors; and (3) the inclusion of SMEs in the design of green finance platforms. By implementing these recommendations, the G20 will ensure that innovative, low-carbon SMEs become attractive, low(er)-risk investment opportunities for the private sector.
Perspectivism and Falsification Revisited: Nietzsche, Nehamas, and Me
Authors: Clark Maudemarie 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this article, I offer the beginning of a new interpretation of Nietzsche's perspectivism, one that restricts the scope of the knowledge to which it applies. I do so by presenting a new reading of one of Nietzsche's most important passages on perspectivism, Genealogy III:12. I arrive at this reading by revisiting Alexander Nehamas's 1985 interpretation of perspectivism, my 1990 alternative to it, and Nehamas's recent criticism of that alternative in the Journal of Nietzsche Studies. I argue that, despite some errors that I made, my developmental approach to interpreting Nietzsche's commitment to the falsification thesis still holds up against Nehamas's recent criticism. I then argue against his 2017 account of falsification in The Gay Science and his 1990 and 2017 accounts of perspectivism. In the end, I argue that we both made the same mistake of thinking that Nietzsche's perspectivism applies to all knowledge.
Nietzsche on the Sources of Agonal Moderation
Authors: Pearson James 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this article, I examine how competitive impulses can be regulated according to Nietzsche's writings on the agon in the 1870s. There are currently two conflicting accounts of how Nietzsche conceives of agonal measure. One group of commentators proposes that such regulation arises by self-restraint, where adversaries respectfully treat one another with moderation (what I call the respect model). Others have objected that Nietzsche's agonal contestants do not restrain themselves, and that measure rather depends on constructing the contest in such a way that adversaries reciprocally limit one another (what I call the counterbalancing model). After reconstructing these positions in Section 1 of the article, I argue (in Section 2) that the counterbalancing model misinterprets Nietzsche's views on equality. Then, against the respect model, I demonstrate in Section 3 that the form of respect operative in Nietzsche's agonism is respect for the commonweal and mythic law as opposed to respect for one's adversaries.
DINÂMICA DA ALTERAÇÃO DA COBERTURA VEGETAL E USO DO SOLO COM SUPORTE DE GEOTECNOLOGIA NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO DESQUITE – SC
Authors: Berlanda Adriana , Moura Carolina Natel de , Sá Eder Alexandre Schatz , Biffi Leonardo Josoe , Becegato Valter Antônio 
Published: March 2018

Estudos relacionados à caracterização temporal do uso e ocupação do solo são indispensáveis para a definição de políticas públicas de ordenamento territorial, permitindo compreender a dinâmica de ocupação dos territórios e como esta afeta os recursos hídricos de uma bacia hidrográfica. A demanda por água é crescente, e a manutenção de sua qualidade nos mananciais é um desafio devido ao avanço da urbanização para as áreas vizinhas e áreas de recarga dos mananciais, além de intervenções nos ambientes naturais para atividades econômicas. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise espaço temporal detalhada da dinâmica do uso e ocupação do solo da bacia hidrográfica do rio Desquite, no município de Otacílio Costa, região serrana do Estado de Santa Catarina, entre os anos de 1986 e 2016. Partindo da classificação de imagens de satélite Landsat foi analisada a evolução da ocupação territorial e a comparação dos usos e legislação ambiental pertinente às Áreas de Preservação Permanente. Constatou-se uma redução progressiva das áreas de vegetação nativa e o avanço principalmente das áreas destinadas à silvicultura, inclusive no entorno de cursos d’água. A evolução da alteração do uso do solo aconteceu de forma acelerada principalmente nos períodos entre 1976 e 2006. Como resultado da análise de conflitos de uso em APPs, os resultados mostraram que 55,90% das faixas marginais de cursos d’água estão ocupadas com classes diversas da mata nativa.
MODELOS EMPÍRICOS PARA INFERÊNCIA DE COMPONENTES OPTICAMENTE ATIVOS EM AMBIENTES LÓTICOS E SEMILÊNTICOS DO RIO TIBAGI/PR, APLICADOS À IMAGENS LANDSAT 8/OLI
Authors: De Castro Paulo Henrique Marques , Castreghini de Freitas Pereira Adriana , Vizintim Fernandes Barros Mirian 
Published: March 2018

A questão da qualidade e escassez da água no planeta tem ganhado destaque em pesquisas científicas, e demais publicações com conotação de alerta e de conscientização. Especialistas apontam que a crise da água no século XXI é muito mais de gerenciamento do que uma crise real de escassez e estresse hídrico (HOEKSTRA & MEKONNEN, 2012). Entretanto, existem pesquisadores (ELLIOTT, et al., 2014; RULLI, et al., 2013) que apontam que a crise é um misto de problemas ambientais com agravantes relacionados à economia e ao desenvolvimento social. Pesquisas cientificas atuais utilizam o sensoriamento remoto para monitorar corpos d’água em relação aos componentes opticamente ativos (COAs), a partir de modelos empíricos para inferência detes; garantindo uma maior representatividade espacial da variável, além de redução de custos e otmização de tempo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa foi o de gerar modelos empíricos para estimativa de COAs da água, exequíveis em imagens orbitais multiespectrais de média resolução do satélite Landsat 8/OLI. Para tanto, foram adquiridas imagens simultaneamente à mensuração de variáveis limnológicas “in situ”, em pontos devidamente georreferenciados de um ambiente aquático semilêntico e outro lótico. Tais pontos foram distribuidos em uma represa a partir do modelo amostral de Faixas Concêntricas, e no rio a partir de Margens Paralelas, de acordo com Castro et al., (2017), ambos localizados no rio Tibagi, responsável por grande parte do abastecimento público de água de alguns municípios do Estado do Paraná. Os dados limnológicos e espectrais obtidos foram correlacionados, e a partir de regressão linear múltipla os resultados apresentaram modelos empíricos adequados, com média do valor de resposta (R2) de 46%, para a estimativa de clorofila-a, total de sólidos em suspensão e turbidez; em ambiente semilêntico do rio Tibagi.
Measuring short distance dispersal ofAlliaria petiolataand determining potential long distance dispersal mechanisms
Authors: Loebach Christopher A. , Anderson Roger C. 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionAlliaria petiolata,an herbaceous plant, has invaded woodlands in North America. Its ecology has been thoroughly studied, but an overlooked aspect of its biology is seed dispersal distances and mechanisms. We measured seed dispersal distances in the field and tested if epizoochory is a potential mechanism for long-distance seed dispersal.MethodsDispersal distances were measured by placing seed traps in a sector design around three seed point sources, which consisted of 15 second-year plants transplanted within a 0.25 m radius circle. Traps were placed at intervals ranging from 0.25–3.25 m from the point source. Traps remained in the field until a majority of seeds were dispersed. Eight probability density functions were fitted to seed trap counts via maximum likelihood. Epizoochory was tested as a potential seed dispersal mechanism forA. petiolatathrough a combination of field and laboratory experiments. To test if small mammals transportA. petiolataseeds in their fur, experimental blocks were placed around denseA. petiolatapatches. Each block contained a mammal inclusion treatment (MIT) and control. The MIT consisted of a wood-frame (31 × 61× 31 cm) covered in wire mesh, except for the two 31 × 31 cm ends, placed over a germination tray filled with potting soil. A pan filled with bait was placed in the center of the tray. The control frame (11 × 31 × 61 cm) was placed over a germination tray and completely covered in wire mesh to exclude animal activity. Treatments were in the field for peak seed dispersal. In March, trays were moved to a greenhouse andA. petiolataseedlings were counted and then compared between treatments. To determine ifA. petiolataseeds attach to raccoon (Procyon lotor) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fur, wet and dry seeds were dropped onto wet and dry fur. Furs were rotated 180 degrees and the seeds that remained attached were counted. To measure seed retention, seeds were dropped on furs and rotated as before, then the furs were agitated for one hour. The seeds retained in the fur were counted.ResultsFor the seed dispersal experiment, the 2Dt function provided the best fit and was the most biologically meaningful. It predicted that seed density rapidly declined with distance from the point source. Mean dispersal distance was 0.52 m and 95% of seeds dispersed within 1.14 m. The epizoochory field experiment showed increased mammal activity andA. petiolataseedlings in germination trays of the MIT compared to control. Laboratory studies showed 3–26% of seeds were attached and retained by raccoon and deer fur. Retention significantly increased if either seed or fur were wet (57–98%).DiscussionWithout animal seed vectors, most seeds fall within a short distance of the seed source; however, long distance dispersal may be accomplished by epizoochory. Our data are consistent withA. petiolata’s widespread distribution and development of dense clusters of the species in invaded areas.
The right thalamus may play an important role in anesthesia-awakening regulation in frogs
Authors: Fan Yanzhu , Yue Xizi , Xue Fei , Brauth Steven E. , Tang Yezhong , Fang Guangzhan 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that the mammalian thalamus is a key structure for anesthesia-induced unconsciousness and anesthesia-awakening regulation. However, both the dynamic characteristics and probable lateralization of thalamic functioning during anesthesia-awakening regulation are not fully understood, and little is known of the evolutionary basis of the role of the thalamus in anesthesia-awakening regulation.MethodsAn amphibian species, the South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) was used in the present study. The frogs were immersed in triciane methanesulfonate (MS-222) for general anesthesia. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded continuously from both sides of the telencephalon, diencephalon (thalamus) and mesencephalon during the pre-anesthesia stage, administration stage, recovery stage and post-anesthesia stage. EEG data was analyzed including calculation of approximate entropy (ApEn) and permutation entropy (PE).ResultsBoth ApEn and PE values differed significantly between anesthesia stages, with the highest values occurring during the awakening period and the lowest values during the anesthesia period. There was a significant correlation between the stage durations and ApEn or PE values during anesthesia-awakening cycle primarily for the right diencephalon (right thalamus). ApEn and PE values for females were significantly higher than those for males.DiscussionApEn and PE measurements are suitable for estimating depth of anesthesia and complexity of amphibian brain activity. The right thalamus appears physiologically positioned to play an important role in anesthesia-awakening regulation in frogs indicating an early evolutionary origin of the role of the thalamus in arousal and consciousness in land vertebrates. Sex differences exist in the neural regulation of general anesthesia in frogs.
Thermus
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Rainey Fred A. , da Costa Milton S. 
Published: March 2018

Ther'mus. Gr. adj.thermoshot; N.L. masc. n.Thermusto indicate an organism living in hot places.“Deinococcus‐Thermus” / Deinococci / Thermales / Thermaceae / ThermusStraight rods; the cell length is variable, 0.2–1.7 µm in width. Filaments are also formed; some strains have a stable filamentous morphology. Nonmotile; do not possess flagella. Endospores are not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Most strains form yellow‐pigmented colonies; some strains are nonpigmented. Thermophilic, with an optimum growth temperature of about 65–75°C; most strains have a maximum growth temperature below 80°C, but some strains grow at slightly higher temperatures. The optimum pH for growth is about 7.0–8.5. Growth is chemoorganotrophic; some strains are mixotrophic using arsenic, sulfur or thiosulfate as electron donors. Aerobic with a strictly respiratory type of metabolism; some strains grow anaerobically with nitrate, nitrite, and iron as terminal electron acceptors; some strains can also reduce gold, chromate, and uranium under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Oxidase positive, most strains are catalase positive. Strains generally require yeast extract or cofactors for growth. Sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and polyols are used as sole organic carbon and energy sources. Ornithine is the principal diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. Menaquinone 8 (MK‐8) is the predominant respiratory quinone. One major phospholipid and one major glycolipid dominate the polar lipid pattern on thin‐layer chromatography. Additional phospholipids and glycolipids are minor components. Phospholipids and glycolipids are primarily glycerol based, but some strains also possess 1,2‐long‐chain diol‐based lipids. Fatty acids are predominantlyiso‐andanteiso‐branched; branched‐chain 3‐hydroxy fatty acids are present in some strains. Found in hydrothermal areas with neutral to alkaline pH, also commonly isolated from man‐made thermal environments.DNA G + C content (mol%): 63–71 (Tm or HPLC).Type species:Thermus aquaticusBrock and Freeze 1969, 295AL.
Nanomaterials in Neural‐Stem‐Cell‐Mediated Regenerative Medicine: Imaging and Treatment of Neurological Diseases
Authors: Zhang Bingbo , Yan Wei , Zhu Yanjing , Yang Weitao , Le Wenjun , Chen Bingdi , Zhu Rongrong , Cheng Liming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPatients are increasingly being diagnosed with neuropathic diseases, but are rarely cured because of the loss of neurons in damaged tissues. This situation creates an urgent clinical need to develop alternative treatment strategies for effective repair and regeneration of injured or diseased tissues. Neural stem cells (NSCs), highly pluripotent cells with the ability of self‐renewal and potential for multidirectional differentiation, provide a promising solution to meet this demand. However, some serious challenges remaining to be addressed are the regulation of implanted NSCs, tracking their fate, monitoring their interaction with and responsiveness to the tissue environment, and evaluating their treatment efficacy. Nanomaterials have been envisioned as innovative components to further empower the field of NSC‐based regenerative medicine, because their unique physicochemical characteristics provide unparalleled solutions to the imaging and treatment of diseases. By building on the advantages of nanomaterials, tremendous efforts have been devoted to facilitate research into the clinical translation of NSC‐based therapy. Here, recent work on emerging nanomaterials is highlighted and their performance in the imaging and treatment of neurological diseases is evaluated, comparing the strengths and weaknesses of various imaging modalities currently used. The underlying mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy are discussed, and future research directions are suggested.
Toward Superior Capacitive Energy Storage: Recent Advances in Pore Engineering for Dense Electrodes
Authors: Liu Congcong , Yan Xiaojun , Hu Fei , Gao Guohua , Wu Guangming , Yang Xiaowei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWith the rapid development of mobile electronics and electric vehicles, future electrochemical capacitors (ECs) need to store as much energy as possible in a rather limited space. As the core component of ECs, dense electrodes that have a high volumetric energy density and superior rate capability are the key to achieving improved energy storage. Here, the significance of and recent progress in the high volumetric performance of dense electrodes are presented. Furthermore, dense yet porous electrodes, as the critical precondition for realizing superior electrochemical capacitive energy, have become a scientific challenge and an attractive research focus. From a pore‐engineering perspective, insight into the guidelines of engineering the pore size, connectivity, and wettability is provided to design dense electrodes with different porous architectures toward high‐performance capacitive energy storage. The current challenges and future opportunities toward dense electrodes are discussed and include the construction of an orderly porous structure with an appropriate gradient, the coupling of pore sizes with the solvated cations and anions, and the design of coupled pores with diverse electrolyte ions.