bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 6-month randomised controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of telenutrition v. telenutrition supported by telemonitoring and health coaching in a weight loss programme: a study protocol
Authors: Eid Noura M. S. , Al-ofi Ebtisam A. , Enani Sumia , Mosli Rana H. , Saqr Raneem R. , Qutah Karimah M. , Eid Sara M. S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne of the main challenges in weight loss programmes is compliance with diet and achievement of sustainable changes in eating habits and lifestyles. Most clients desire to lose weight quickly, rather than looking at long-term changes. The literature suggests applying telenutrition, owing to its convenience and easy access in combination with both telemonitoring and health coaching, where confounding factors in the diet are tackled. A 6-month randomised controlled trial will be conducted to compare the effectiveness of telenutrition v. telenutrition supported by weekly telemonitoring and monthly health coaching in a weight loss programme. Participants are obese and overweight adults of both sex groups, aged 20–50 years who will be randomised to join a control or an intervention group. A total of three visits will be scheduled for all participants: at baseline, after three months and after six months. This study aims to answer the question of whether participants following a weight loss programme supported by telemonitoring and health coaching will increase their weight loss and compliance to the diet in comparison with the control group. This will be the first trial to assess the impact of integrating telemonitoring and health coaching in weight loss programmes, including the evaluation of associated confounding factors such as general nutrition education, eating behaviour, sensory modalities and hunger, and stress. This trial will support dietary weight loss programmes, contribute to the emerging field of telenutrition and provide advice for clinical dietitians and health coaches to work together to help individuals lose and maintain weight.
Varietal differences in the yield and quality of noodles produced from early-season rice and associated crop traits
Authors: Liao Chengjing , Fang Shengliang , Xiao Zhengwu , Liu Longsheng , Cao Fangbo , Chen Jiana , Huang Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEarly-season rice often faces limited market competition due to its lower quality, which diminishes farmers' incentives to cultivate it. Developing specific early-season rice varieties tailored for rice noodle production represents a practical solution to this challenge. However, limited information exists on the varietal differences regarding the yield and quality of noodles produced from early-season rice and their determinants. To address this gap, this study conducted field experiments with 15 early-season rice varieties during 2022 and 2023. The results revealed significant varietal differences in rice noodle yield per unit of land area and cooking and eating (texture) qualities of the noodles, with the variety Zhuliangyou 4024 standing out for its ability to produce rice noodles that are both high yielding and of superior cooking and eating qualities. Correlation analysis showed the yield of rice noodles per unit of land area was significantly related to grain yield per unit of land, which in turn was linked to grain weight. Additionally, the analysis showed the cooking loss rate of rice noodles and their chewiness were significantly correlated with both amylose and amylopectin content, whereas the hardness, springiness, and resilience of cooked rice noodles were significantly correlated only with amylose content. However, partial correlation analysis indicated that all these quality traits were significantly correlated solely with amylose content when controlling the influence of other chemical properties. These findings indicate that selecting early-season rice varieties with high grain weight and high amylose content can lead to the production of high-yield and high-quality rice noodles.
Personality changes during adolescence predict young adult psychosis proneness and mediate gene–environment interplays of schizophrenia risk
Authors: Antonucci Linda A. , Raio Alessandra , Kikidis Gianluca Christos , Bertolino Alessandro , Rampino Antonio , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L.W. , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Grigis Antoine , Garavan Hugh , Heinz Andreas , Martinot Jean-Luc , Paillère Martinot Marie-Laure , Artiges Eric , Nees Frauke , Papadopoulos Orfanos Dimitri , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Vaidya Nilakshi , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Hartman Catharina A. , Pergola Giulio ,   the IMAGEN Consortium
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsychotic symptoms in adolescence are associated with social adversity and genetic risk for schizophrenia. This gene–environment interplay may be mediated by personality, which also develops during adolescence. We hypothesized that (i) personality development predicts later Psychosis Proneness Signs (PPS), and (ii) personality traits mediate the association between genetic risk for schizophrenia, social adversities, and psychosis.MethodsA total of 784 individuals were selected within the IMAGEN cohort (Discovery Sample-DS: 526; Validation Sample-VS: 258); personality was assessed at baseline (13–15 years), follow-up-1 (FU1, 16–17 years), and FU2 (18–20 years). Latent growth curve models served to compute coefficients of individual change across 14 personality variables. A support vector machine algorithm employed these coefficients to predict PPS at FU3 (21–24 years). We computed mediation analyses, including personality-based predictions and self-reported bullying victimization as serial mediators along the pathway between polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia and FU3 PPS. We replicated the main findings also on 1132 adolescents recruited within the TRAILS cohort.ResultsGrowth scores in neuroticism and openness predicted PPS with 65.6% balanced accuracy in the DS, and 69.5% in the VS Mediations revealed a significant positive direct effect of PRS on PPS (confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.15), and an indirect effect, serially mediated by personality-based predictions and victimization (CI 0.006–0.01), replicated in the TRAILS cohort (CI 0.0004–0.004).ConclusionsAdolescent personality changes may predate future experiences associated with psychosis susceptibility. PPS personality-based predictions mediate the relationship between PRS and victimization toward adult PPS, suggesting that gene–environment correlations proposed for psychosis are partly mediated by personality.
Indicting the Athenians in the Melian dialogue
Authors: James Jesse 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt is widely agreed that Thucydides’ Melian dialogue presents the Athenian invasion of Melos, and the Athenian justification, in a negative light. Attention tends to focus on the immorality of ‘the rule of the stronger’ that the Athenians present in the dialogue. This essay argues that another feature of the dialogue triggering negative judgements of the Athenians is their criticism of the Melians’ resistance: it is voiced by the Athenians themselves and therefore provokes in readers a ‘speaker-relative’ normative judgement of the Athenians. Philosophers have explored how our normative judgements about statements often depend on the speaker. Because the Athenians have deliberately put the Melians into their perilous situation, and because part of Athenian self-mythology was heroic resistance against overwhelming numbers in the Persian Wars, Athenian criticism of the Melians is hypocritical and applies an asymmetrical ethics to the Athenians and the Melians. Reaction against these features of the dialogue exacerbates the moral abhorrence of the Athenians felt by many readers. Hence I disagree with Bosworth’s view of the dialogue as primarily critical of the Melians. Instead we see Thucydides here condemning not only the Athenian imperial project but also the rhetoric used to defend and sustain it.
Resource-rational contractualism: A triple theory of moral cognition
Authors: Levine Sydney , Chater Nick , Tenenbaum Joshua B. , Cushman Fiery 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
It is widely agreed upon that morality guides people with conflicting interests towards agreements of mutual benefit. We therefore might expect numerous proposals for organizing human moral cognition around the logic of bargaining, negotiation, and agreement. Yet, while “contractualist” ideas play an important role in moral philosophy, they are starkly underrepresented in the field of moral psychology. From a contractualist perspective, ideal moral judgments are those that would be agreed to by rational bargaining agents—an idea with wide-spread support in philosophy, psychology, economics, biology, and cultural evolution. As a practical matter, however, investing time and effort in negotiating every interpersonal interaction is unfeasible. Instead, we propose, people use abstractions and heuristics to efficiently identify mutually beneficial arrangements. We argue that many well-studied elements of our moral minds, such as reasoning about others’ utilities (“consequentialist” reasoning) or evaluating intrinsic ethical properties of certain actions (“deontological” reasoning), can be naturally understood as resource-rational approximations of a contractualist ideal. Moreover, this view explains the flexibility of our moral minds—how our moral rules and standards get created, updated and overridden and how we deal with novel cases we have never seen before. Thus, the apparently fragmentary nature of our moral psychology—commonly described in terms of systems in conflict—can be largely unified around the principle of finding mutually beneficial agreements under resource constraint. Our resulting “triple theory” of moral cognition naturally integrates contractualist, consequentialist and deontological concerns.
Two tiers, not one: Different sources of extrinsic mortality have opposing effects on life history traits
Authors: Ellis Bruce J. , Reid Brie M. , Kramer Karen L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Guided by concepts from life history (LH) theory, a large human research literature has tested the hypothesis that exposures to extrinsic mortality (EM) promote the development of faster LH strategies (e.g., earlier/faster reproduction, higher offspring number). A competing model proposes that, because EM in the past was intimately linked to energetic constraints, such exposures specifically led to the development of slower LH strategies. We empirically address this debate by examining (1) LH variation among small-scale societies under different environmental conditions; (2) country-, regional- and community-level correlations between ecological conditions, mortality, maturational timing, and fertility; (3) individual-level correlations between this same set of factors; and (4) natural experiments leveraging the impact of externally-caused changes in mortality on LH traits. Partially supporting each model, we found that harsh conditions encompassing energetic stress and ambient cues to EM (external cues received through sensory systems) have countervailing effects on the development of LH strategies, both delaying pubertal maturation and promoting an accelerated pace of reproduction and higher offspring number. We conclude that, although energetics are fundamental to many developmental processes, providing a first tier of environmental influence, this first tier alone cannot explain these countervailing effects. An important second tier of environmental influence is afforded by ambient cues to EM. We advance a 2-tiered model that delineates this second tier and its central role in regulating development of LH strategies. Consideration of the first and second tier together is necessary to account for the observed countervailing shifts toward both slower and faster LH traits.
Contingent Attachment: Long-term Lived Experience in the Redevelopment of a Third Front Neighbourhood
Authors: Jin Yi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEmploying the concept of “contingent attachment” as its key point, this paper investigates the transformation of residents’ neighbourhood attachment during the redevelopment of a neighbourhood originally established during the Third Front construction period. By framing neighbourhood attachment as contingent, this paper seeks to highlight that the different directions of neighbourhood attachment hinge upon several factors: the entities mobilizing the narrative, the varying treatment of residents across different phases of the relocation, and residents’ perceptions regarding the changes brought about by the relocation process. Special attention within this paper is paid towards the long-term lived experiences of residents since the onset of the Third Front construction to show how these experiences are woven into diverse narratives associated with residents’ neighbourhood attachments.
Carbon pricing and household welfare: evidence from Uganda
Authors: Aggarwal Raavi , Ayhan Sinem H. , Jakob Michael , Steckel Jan Christoph 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Policymakers frequently voice concerns that carbon pricing could impair economic development in the short run, especially in low-income countries such as Uganda. Using a consumer demand system for energy and food items, we assess how households’ welfare, and demand for food and energy, would respond to a carbon price of USD40/tCO2. We find welfare losses of 0.2–12 per cent of household expenditure on food and fuel, due to the carbon price. Average demand for electricity and kerosene decline by 11 and 20 per cent respectively, while firewood demand rises by 10 per cent on average. We observe shifts within food consumption baskets, with declines in the demand for meat & fish, and vegetables, alongside an increase in cereal consumption. Household nutrition is adversely impacted, with declines in protein and micronutrient intake across the population. Complementary social protection policies such as cash transfers are therefore required to ease adverse effects on economic development in Uganda.
Adoption of clean energy cooking technologies in rural households: the role of women
Authors: Tornel-Vázquez Rossana , Iglesias Eva , Loureiro Maria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnsuring energy access for rural households is crucial for global sustainable development. Technologies like liquefied petroleum gas, biogas, and efficient cookers are touted as solutions, yet their adoption remains limited despite their potential health, economic, and environmental benefits. We conducted a meta-analysis of 50 studies in developing countries, integrating contextual factors to explore gender and other determinants impacting rural energy transition. Our findings underscore socioeconomic status, social capital, environmental concerns, and gender dynamics as pivotal factors. Notably, women's involvement boosts adoption rates by 7.90 per cent, yet cultural barriers often sideline them from these processes. Thus, our recommendations stress addressing women's roles as energy technology users to foster inclusive energy transitions.
Constraining the driving mechanism of galaxy-scale winds with emission line spectra
Authors: Stern Jonathan , Oñorbe Jose , Richings Alexander J. , Johnson Sean D. , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUsing hydrodynamic simulations and photoionization calculations, we demonstrate that quasar emission line spectra contain information on the driving mechanism of galaxy-scale outflows. Outflows driven by a hot shocked bubble are expected to exhibit LINER-like optical line ratios, while outflows driven by radiation pressure are expected to exhibit Seyfert-like line ratios. Driving by radiation pressure also has a distinct signature in the narrow UV lines, which is detected in an HST-COS spectrum of a nearby quasar hosting a large-scale wind.
Updated Calculations of the Spectral-Line Radiation Force & Mass-Loss Rates for AGN Outflows
Authors: Lattimer Aylecia S. , Cranmer Steven 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhoton-driven flows have been studied for almost a century, and a quantitative description of the radiative forces on atoms and ions is important for understanding a wide variety of systems, including active galactic nuclei (AGN). The colloquially-termed “radiation pressure” of line-driven winds plays an important role in driving outflows in these environments. Quantifying the associated forces is crucial to understanding how these flows enable interactive mechanisms within these environments, such as AGN feedback. Here we provide new calculations of the dimensionless line strength parameter due to radiation driving. For representative AGN, we calculate the photoionization balance at each step along the line of sight (LOS) to the proposed wind-launching region above the accretion disk. We then use a recently compiled database of approximately 5.6 million spectral lines to compute the strength of the line-driving force on the gas and the mass-loss rates resulting from these outflows. We also introduce a “shielding factor’’ that increases the magnitude of the accretion disk column density prior to the launch radius. This shielding factor simulates a proposed inner “failed wind” region that is thought to shield the outflowing gas from becoming over-ionized by the central source. We also revisit and formalize the role of the commonly-used ionization parameter in setting the properties of the accelerating gas.
Large-Scale Features of the CON Galaxy NGC4418 with MUSE
Authors: Wethers Clare F. , Aalto Susanne , Privon G. C. , Stanley F. , Gallagher J. , Gorski M. , König S. , Onishi K. , Yang C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCompact obscured nuclei (CONs) are relatively common in the centers of local (U)LIRGs, yet their nature remains unknown. Both AGN activity and extreme nuclear starbursts have been suggested as plausible nuclear power sources. The prevalence of outflows in these systems suggest that CONs represent a key phase in the nuclear feedback cycle, in which material is ejected from the central regions of the galaxy. Here, we present results from MUSE for the confirmed local CON galaxy NGC4418. For the first time we spatially map the spectral features and kinematics of the galaxy in the optical, revealing several previously unknown structures. In particular, we discover a bilateral outflow along the minor axis, an outflowing bubble, several knot structures and a receding outflow partially obscured by the galactic disk. Based on the properties of these features, we conclude that the CON in NGC4418 is most likely powered by an AGN.
Photon scattering in a relativistic outflow having velocity shear: a novel mechanism of generation for high energy power-law spectra
Authors: Vyas Mukesh Kumar , Pe’er Asaf 
Published: October 2024

Abstract. We show that an extragalactic jet with a velocity shear gives rise to Fermi like acceleration process for photons scattering withing the shear layers of the jet. Such photons then gain energy to produce a high energy power law. These power law spectra at high energies are frequently observed in several extragalactic objects such as Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). We implement the model on GRBs to show that the obtained range of the photon indices are well within their observed values. The analytic results are confirmed with numerical simulations following Monte Carlo approach.
Interpretation of IR variability of AGNs in the hollow bi-conical dust outflow model
Authors: Oknyansky Victor L. , Gaskell C. Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe show that, contrary to simple predictions, most AGNs show at best only a small increase of lags with increasing wavelength in the J, H, K, and L bands. We suggest that a possible cause of this near simultaneity from the near-IR to the mid-IR is that the hot dust is in a hollow bi-conical outflow of which we preferentially see the near side. In the proposed model sublimation or re-creation of dust (with some delay relative luminosity variations) along our line of sight in the hollow cone as the flux varies could be a factor in explaining the AGN changing-look phenomenon (CL). Variations in the dust obscuration can help explain changes in relationship of Hβ time delay on Luv variability. The relative wavelength independence of IR lags simplifies the use of IR lags for estimating cosmological parameters.
Effect of center-pivot and subsurface drip irrigation systems on growth and evapotranspiration of volunteer corn in corn, soybean, and sorghum
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Irmak Suat , Kukal Meetpal S. , Kumar Vipan , Lindquist John L. , Knezevic Stevan Z. , Pitla Santosh , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVolunteer corn (Zea mays L.) is a competitive weed in corn-based cropping systems. Scientific literature does not exist about the water use of volunteer corn grown in different crops and irrigation systems. The objectives of this study were to characterize the growth and evapotranspiration (ETa) of volunteer corn in corn, soybean [Glycine max (L). Merr.], and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] under center-pivot irrigation (CPI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems. Field experiments were conducted in south-central Nebraska in 2021 and 2022. Soil moisture sensors were installed at depths of 0 to 0.30, 0.30 to 0.60, and 0.60 to 0.90 m to track soil water balance and quantify seasonal total ETa. Corn was the most competitive, as volunteer corn had the lowest biomass, leaf area, and plant height compared with the fallow. Soybean was the least competitive with volunteer corn, as the plant height, biomass, and leaf area of volunteer corn in soybean were similar to fallow at 15, 30, 45, and 60 d after transplanting (DATr). Averaged across crop treatments, irrigation type did not affect volunteer corn growth at 15 to 45 DATr. Soil water depletion and ETa were similar across crop treatments with and without volunteer corn, as water was not a limiting factor in this study. The ETa of volunteer corn was the highest in soybean (623 mm), followed by sorghum (622 mm), and corn (617 mm) under CPI. The SDI had higher irrigation efficiency, because without affecting crop yield, it had 3%, 6%, and 8% lower ETa in soybean (605 mm), sorghum (585 mm), and corn (571 mm), respectively. Although soil water use did not differ with volunteer corn infestation, a soybean yield loss of 27% was observed, which suggests that volunteer corn may not compete for moisture under fully irrigated conditions; however, it can impact the crop yield potential due to competition for factors other than soil moisture.