bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Описание философской школы Платона в сирийском трактате «Причина основания школ»
Authors: Михаил Валентинович Антонюк 
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена изучению сведений о философской школе Платона, представленных в сирийском трактате «Причина основания школ», автором которого считается преподаватель Нисибинской школы Бархадбшабба Арбайя. Описание автором трактата Платона и его учения очевидно отражает общие взгляды представителей Церкви Востока vi–vii веков на греческие философские школы. Привлекая к рассмотрению труды ряда греческих философов и сирийских богословов и фокусируясь на непрямых цитатах Платона в самом трактате, автор статьи выявляет важные аспекты, которые характеризуют сформированное отношение к платонической философской традиции в то время. Бархадбшабба избирательно упоминает идеи Платона, такие как учение о Логосе, о Боге, об идеальном государстве и роли женщины в нем. Сирийский автор считал греческого философа христианином, который, однако, не жил согласно тем знаниям, которыми располагал. Результаты исследования показывают, что взгляды Платона воспринимались внутри педагогической традиции Нисибинской школы во многом через призму александрийского богословия, а не напрямую. Тем не менее, почтительное отношение к Платону сохранялось, в первую очередь благодаря тому, что он воспринимался как учитель Аристотеля, чьи учения активно насаждались в педагогическом процессе Нисибинской школы.
The article examines the information on Plato’s philosophical teachings that may be gathered from the Syriac treatise The Cause of the Foundation of the Schools attributed to Barḥadbshabba ʿArbaya, a member of the School of Nisibis. The presentation of Plato and his ‘school’ provided by the author of the treatise manifestly reflected the general views on Greek philosophical schools widespread among the representatives of the Church of the East in the 6th–7th centuries. Through the reference to the works of a number of Greek philosophers and Syrian theologians, as well as paying attention to indirect quotations from Plato in the text of the treatise, the author identifies some important aspects characterizing a consolidated attitude towards Platonic philosophical tradition at the time. Barḥadbshabba selectively mentions Plato’s ideas, such as the doctrine of Logos, God, the ideal State, and the role of women therein. The Syriaс author considered the Greek philosopher a Christian who did not live in accord with the knowledge he possessed. The results of the study shows that Plato’s views were adopted within the pedagogical tradition of the School of Nisibis not directly, but largely through the prism of Alexandrian theology. However, the respectful attitude towards Plato persisted, primarily due to the fact that he was perceived as the teacher of Aristotle, whose doctrines were actively propagated in the pedagogical process of the School of Nisibis.
Христиане как новые софисты: критика христианства в платонической философии Георгия Гемиста Плифона
Authors: Татьяна Анатольевна Сенина 
Published: December 2024

В статье показано, что Плифон в своих сочинениях под «софистами» имеет в виду христиан и полемизирует с их учением. По мнению Гемиста, христиане ввели в заблуждение множество людей, ложно утверждая, будто творят великие дела с помощью божественной силы и имеют знание, полученное непосредственно от Бога. Чтобы показать, что авторы Библии — выдумщики, недостойные доверия, Плифон объявил древнейшим авторитетом в области богословия и законодательства Зороастра и поместил его жизнь на много столетий раньше не только традиционной датировки жизни Моисея, но и принятой христианами даты сотворения мира. Гемист критикует «софистов»-христиан за следование множеству нелепых установлений и правил, он считает заблуждением такие монашеские и христианские практики и добродетели, как бегство от занятий мирскими науками и от познания материального мира, полное воздержание от сексуальной жизни, посты и полное воздержание от мяса, телесную аскезу, полное нестяжание. Плифон отвергает те образцы христианской аскезы, за которые веками прославлялись святые подвижники, предпочитая умеренность и благопристойность обыкновенного светского человека, а супружескую жизнь ставит выше безбрачия. Его философия имеет антихристианскую и антимонашескую направленность, и попытки некоторых исследователей увидеть в Плифоне христианина, чьи взгляды можно примирить с православием, следует признать несостоятельными.
The article shows that Plethon in his writings by the name “sophists” means Christians and polemizes with their teaching. According to Gemistos, Christians misled many people, falsely asserting that they were doing great things with the help of divine power and have knowledge received directly from God. To show that the authors of the Bible were inventors, unworthy of confidence, Plethon declared Zoroaster the oldest authority in the field of theology and legislation and placed his life many centuries earlier not only of the traditional dating of the life of Moses, but also of the date of the world creation that was accepted by Christians. Gemistos criticizes the Christian “sophists” for following many ridiculous establishments and rules; he considers erroneous such monastic and Christian practices and virtues as avoiding scholarly pursuits and the knowledge of material world, complete abstinence from sexual life, fasting and complete abstinence from meat, bodily austerity. Plethon rejects those examples of Christian asceticism, for which holy ascetics were glorified for centuries, he prefers the moderation and decency of an ordinary secular person, and puts a married life above celibacy. His philosophy has an anti-Christian and anti-monastic orientation, and the attempts by some researchers to consider Plethon as a Christian whose views agree with Orthodoxy should be rejected as untenable.
Гильом де Лёс. «Комментарий на Книгу о причинах», Cod. Borgh. 352 fols. 65v–68r (текст и перевод)
Authors: Павел Валерьевич Соколов 
Published: December 2024

В настоящей публикации вниманию читателя предлагается вторая, заключительная, часть транскрипции и перевода фрагмента из дошедшего до нас в единственной рукописи и, вероятно, не полностью, комментария доминиканского теолога рубежа xiii–xiv вв. Гильома де Лёса (Guillelmus de Leus) к арабскому парафразу «Первооснов теологии» Прокла, известному под именем «Книги о причинах» или «Книги о чистом благе». В качестве такового фрагмента отобран комментарий на пропозицию xxiii «Книги о причинах», в которой речь идет о различии между способом существования Первопричины в вещах и вещей в Первопричине. Во второй части expositio litterae и quaestio автор использует теорию тройственного бытия вещей, аналогической предикации совершенств, «шести различий вещей» для того, чтобы доказать совместимость божественной простоты и единства с многообразием восприятия излияния божественной благости (diversitas receptionis) со стороны творений.
The publication presents the second part of the transcription and Russian translation of a fragment from the only extant manuscript of the commentary on the Book of Causes, an Arabic paraphrase of Proclus’s Elements of Theology, by the Dominican theologian William of Leus, written at the turn of the 13–14 centuries and known under the name of Expositio Libri de causis. We have selected for the publication the exposition on the proposition xxiii of the Book, dealing with the distinction between the modes of the existence of the First Cause in the things and of things in the First Cause. In this second part of the commentary, consisting of the expositio litterae and quaestio, the author uses the theories of triplex esse, analogia recipientium, “six differences of things” in order to prove the compatibility of the divine simplicity and unity with the variety of modes its efflux is received by different creatures (diversitas receptionis).
Superalimentos, wraps de avena
Authors: Ávila Cid Alejandra , Barranco Ángeles Elsa Nathalie 
Published: December 2024

Los superalimentos son aquellos que debido a su densidad nutricional y sus beneficios a la salud se consideran especialmente valiosos para una dieta saludable. Estos alimentos contienen muchas vitaminas, minerales, antioxidantes y otros compuestos activos que pueden contribuir a la prevención de enfermedades y a la mejora del bienestar general.

La popularidad de los superalimentos ha crecido en las últimas décadas impulsada por un aumento de la conciencia sobre la alimentación saludable y el interés por la nutrición; muchos de estos alimentos han sido empleados durante siglos por diversas culturas en preparaciones culinarias ancestrales por sus propiedades beneficiosas.
Azúcares y colorantes en yogures y jugos: Un riesgo para la salud
Authors: Ramírez Moreno Esther , Arias Rico José , Chávez Morales Lizeth , Hidalgo Gutiérrez Alondra , Martínez Del Moral Jonathan , Montiel Castillo Tommy 
Published: December 2024

En la alimentación los colorantes influyen en el sabor de los alimentos, comúnmente son utilizados para potenciar el color natural de ciertos alimentos y en ocasiones para reponer el color perdido durante su conservación, ocasionando que sean poco llamativos para el consumidor. Por lo que el objetivo de este artículo es analizar los colorantes y la cantidad de azúcares añadidos presentes en alimentos procesados dirigidos a la población infantil, como el yogurt y los jugos. Resultados y discusión: Los productos evaluados (yogures y jugos) mostraron un alto contenido de azúcares añadidos (9 a 33 g/100 mL), influyendo en su contenido calórico. Dentro de sus ingredientes, también se encontraron colorantes (rojo brillante, caramelo IV y carmín), los cuales podrían ocasionar efectos no deseables a la salud de los niños. Conclusiones: Todas las marcas de productos analizadas presentaron azúcares añadidos, contribuyendo a que la población infantil sobrepase las recomendaciones de consumo emitidas por la OMS.
NUR-MUHAMMAD AL-AWARI AND A CRITIQUE OF IMAM GAZI-MUHAMMAD’S VIEWS AND ACTIONS IN A MANUSCRIPT OF HIS WORKS: A SOURCE-STUDY ANALYSIS
Authors: Musaev Makhach A. 
Published: December 2024

The archive of the Institute of History, Archeology, and Ethnography of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences houses an Arabic manuscript – a small notebook comprising 20 pages. M.-S.D. Saidov attributes this manuscript to Nur-Muhammad al-Awari’s legal opinions (taqrirat), wherein he critiques the work (risala) “Iqamat al-Burhan li-irtidad ‘urafa’ Dagistan” (“The Establishment of an Argument Regarding the Apostasy of the Dagestan Nobility”) authored by the first Imam of Dagestan, Gazi-Muhammad al-Gimrawi. Saidov also dates the manuscript to the first half of the 1830s. An examination of the manuscript reveals that its content belongs to the aforementioned qadi of the Avar Khanate, Nur-Muhammad, in which he opposes the ideas and actions of Imam Gazi-Muhammad al-Gimrawi. Nur-Muhammad criticizes Gazi-Muhammad’s interpretations regarding the imam’s authority, takfir, jihad, and hijra. His legal opinions draw upon a wide range of sources, primarily classical works of Shaf’i jurisprudence. The manuscript is an incomplete work. It contains at least two messages from al-Awari addressed to al-Gimrawi, intended for dispatch. The text of the first message spans pages 1-8 and dates prior to 1830. The second part of the manuscript (pp. 9–20) should be attributed to a later period, with the concluding pages dated to 1831. The paper is prefaced with a biography of Nur-Muhammad, illuminating that his legal stance may stem not only from his theological views but also from his role as the qadi of the Avar Khanate, who stood in opposition to Imam Gazi-Muhammad.
Fecal microbiota transplantation from postmenopausal osteoporosis human donors accelerated bone mass loss in mice
Authors: Chen Tinglong , Wang Ning , Hao Yongqiang , Fu Lingjie 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of gut microbiota from postmenopausal osteoporosis patients on bone mass in mice.MethodsFecal samples were collected from postmenopausal women with normal bone mass (Con, n=5) and postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (Op, n=5). Microbial composition was identified by shallow shotgun sequencing. Then fecal samples were transplanted into pseudo-sterile mice previously treated with antibiotics for 4 weeks. These mice were categorized into two groups: the Vehicle group (n=7) received fecal samples from individuals with normal bone mass, and the FMT group (n=7) received fecal samples from individuals with osteoporosis. After 8 weeks, bone mass, intestinal microbial composition, intestinal permeability and inflammation were assessed, followed by a correlation analysis.ResultsThe bone mass was significantly reduced in the FMT group. Microbiota sequencing showed that Shannon index (p &lt; 0.05) and Simpson index (p &lt; 0.05) were significantly increased in Op groups, and β diversity showed significant differences. the recipient mice were similar. linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis of mice showed that Halobiforma, Enterorhabdus, Alistipes, and Butyricimonas were significantly enriched in the FMT group. Lachnospiraceae and Oscillibacter were significantly enriched in the Vehicle group. H&amp;E staining of intestinal tissues showed obvious intestinal mucosal injury in mice. Intestinal immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Claudin and ZO-1 in the intestinal tissue of the FMT group mice was decreased. The FITC-Dextran (FD-4) absorption rate and serum soluble CD14 (sCD14) content were increased in FMT mice. Correlation analysis showed that these dominant genera were significantly associated with bone metabolism and intestinal permeability, and were associated with the enrichment of specific enzymes. Serum and bone tissue inflammatory cytokines detection showed that the expression of TNF-α and IL-17A in the FMT group were significantly increased.ConclusionOverall, our findings suggested gut microbiota from postmenopausal osteoporosis patients accelerate bone mass loss in mice. Aberrant gut microbiota might play a causal role in the process of bone mass loss mediated by inflammation after the destruction of the intestinal barrier.
Increased incidence of Graves’ disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents in the United States
Authors: Pollack-Schreiber Naama , Fishbein Joanna S. , Nwosu Benjamin Udoka , Salemi Parissa 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionReports in adults indicate that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination trigger the expression of autoimmune disease such as Graves’ disease, but the incidence of new onset Graves’ disease and its temporal relationship to the peaks of COVID-19 cases in children are unclear.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of children and adolescents with new-onset Graves’ disease diagnosed between September 2017 and August 2022, N=156, mean age of 12.5 ± 4 year (y), with a range of 2.9-17.9y. There were 119 female (76.3%) and 37 male (23.7%) subjects. Subjects were categorized into 2 groups: pre-COVID-19 era Graves’ disease (n=63, age 12.5 ± 3.3y), and COVID-19 era Graves’ disease (n=93, age 12.4 ± 4.4y). We calculated incidence rate based on new cases of Graves’ disease and total number of new patient referrals to our endocrine clinic. We first compared the demographic, clinical and biochemical data between the above 2 groups; and also, between subjects with either a history of COVID-19 infection (n=23) or vaccination (n=17) to a control group (n=63).ResultsThe incidence of Graves’ disease was significantly higher during the pandemic: pre-COVID-19 versus the COVID-19 era, n=55, 0.56% vs n=93, 0.9%, p=0.005, after accounting for the total number of annual new patient referrals during the study period. The rise in the cases of Graves’ disease followed the spikes in the number of cases of COVID-19 in NY. There was also a statistically significant difference in the race distribution between the pre-COVID-19 and the COVID-19 era (p=0.026).DiscussionThe incidence of Graves’ disease increased significantly in children living in New York during the COVID-19 pandemic. The temporal relationship between the peaks of COVID-19 cases and the increased cases of new onset Graves’ disease suggest possible autoimmune triggering by SARS-CoV-2.
Research trends and hotspots in gastric carcinoma associated exosome: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liu Chunqiu , Guo Honglei , Jin Fangzhou 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundStomach cancer is considered the fifth most common cancer worldwide. This study utilized bibliometric analysis to construct a visualization map of the relationship between stomach cancer and exosomes, aiming to reveal research trends and emerging themes, and provide direction for future research.MethodRetrieve relevant literature on gastric cancer exosomes in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) over the past 25 years according to search criteria, and conduct bibliometric and visualization analysis using bibliometric software VOSviewer and CiteSpace.ResultsThis study included a total of 727 articles, with an overall increasing trend in annual publication output. There were 68 countries involved, with China having the largest number of publications followed by the United States. A total of 957 research institutions were involved, with most of the top 10 institutions in terms of publication output being universities in China. The top 5 journals are Molecular Cancer, Cell death &amp; disease, Cancers, International journal of molecular sciences, and Frontiers in oncology. A total of 4529 authors were involved, with 5 authors having a publication output of no less than 13 articles. A total of 35516 references were cited, with a total number of citations. The top publication is “Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells”.ConclusionOver the past 25 years, researchers have been dedicated to studying the field of exosomes related to gastric cancer, and research in this area is currently progressing steadily. Based on previous studies, exosomes in gastric adenocarcinoma serve as biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets, and post-resistance treatment, which represents current hotspots and emerging frontiers in research.
“Youth are experts in what they need”: experiences and best practice in co-designing and implementing Fast-PrEP, a novel PrEP service for adolescents and youth in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Bennin Fiona , Fynn Lauren , Fuzile Pamela , Yola Ntando , Julies Robin , Sindelo Siyaxolisa , Madubela Ndumiso , Vundhla Prisca , Mpanda Yolanda , Jonas Mbali , Bekker Linda-Gail , Rousseau Elzette 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionDefining the prevention needs, motivations, and gender dynamics influencing adolescent and young people’s (AYP’s) healthcare access is a key component to successful PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention) implementation. WHO encourages a strong people-cantered approach to healthcare delivery, and this is particularly emphasized for HIV services. Enhanced youth engagement is needed to ensure that interventions are tailored to the specific needs and preferences of youth populations.DescriptionFast-PrEP is an implementation science project providing PrEP (oral, vaginal ring, and injectable) to adolescents and young people (15–29 years old) in Cape Town, South Africa. In 2020, during the planning phase of this project, a Youth Reference Group (YRG) was established to guide, co-create, monitor, and evaluate the implementation of PrEP delivery. From March to October 2023, we conducted four focus group discussions with thirty YRG members, and seven interviews with project implementers (including clinical and research staff). This study aimed to explore real-time experiences of young people and staff members and provide recommendations for best practices when setting up and engaging with YRGs.FindingsOverall, young people described their experience of being involved in the YRG as empowering. Young people felt that their voices and needs were valued when seeing their input put into action or witnessing their designs in demand creation campaigns. Young people felt that being consulted was not for tokenistic reasons, but their contribution was valuable and considered young people’s sexual health needs. Best practices included involving the YRG in every aspect of the project design and implementation, being flexible around young people’s schedules, and having engagements in spaces that are easily accessible and safe for key populations. Staff recommended upskilling the youth members in knowledge around HIV and certain ‘soft skills’ such as building self-confidence and communication skills. It was also recommended that all research and clinical staff need ongoing training and sensitization on the importance and value of youth engagement.ConclusionThe involvement of young people in the co-creation of Fast-PrEP services in all phases of service provision, has been effective in assisting to provide youth appropriate PrEP services.
Tratamento de fratura cominutiva em região mandibular por projétil de arma de fogo: relato de caso
Authors: López Aline Rocha , Oliveira Mateus Ferreira de , Oliveira Maria Júlia Tenório Costa Cinésio de , Nunes Bárbara Myrelle Ferreira , Muniz Danielle Coutinho , Filho Luciano Schwartz Lessa 
Published: December 2024

As fraturas mandibulares são consideradas frequentes devido a sua proeminência, sendo uma das principais estruturas a serem atingidas em casos de trauma em face. Essas fraturas ocorrem devido a diversos fatores, como a agressão física por projétil de arma de fogo (PAF) que acaba tendo um impacto maior no paciente, e gerando, por muitas vezes, uma fratura do tipo cominutiva. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de descrever o relato de caso de um paciente vítima de agressão por PAF evoluindo com fratura cominutiva em região de corpo mandibular que teve atendimento inicial no Hospital Geral do Estado em Maceió -AL e posteriormente foi realizado o planejamento para o procedimento cirúrgico no Hospital Veredas- AL. O tratamento proposto foi de osteossíntese com placa de reconstrução 2.4 em região. Como resultado, o tratamento de escolha foi bem sucedido, com preservação do contorno facial, oclusão restabelecida e funções estomatognáticas preservadas.