bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capping Ligand Influence on the Structural, Optical and Luminescence Properties of CdTe Nanoparticles Prepared by a Simple Wet Chemical Process
Authors: Kiprotich Sharon , Dejene Francis B. , Onani Martin O. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe nature of the capping ligands used and the strength of their interactions with the surface atoms of the nanoparticles (NPs) impact greatly on the material properties and the stability of the resulting NPs. The structural analysis revealed that all the as‐prepared CdTe NPs samples had a zinc blende crystal structure of different phases. The glutathione and L‐cysteine capped CdTe NPs had the same zinc blende phase (JCPDS no. 75–2086) while thioglycolic acid capped and co‐capped CdTe NPs possessed another zinc blende phase (JCPDS no. 75–2083). The calculated crystallite sizes were in the range 2–26 nm for all the samples. The optical spectroscopy studies showed various properties when different capping ligands were used. The band gap energies for all the as‐prepared CdTe NPs confirmed the results obtained from the X‐ray diffraction. The band gap energies were in the range of 2.39–3.34 eV for all the as‐prepared CdTe NPs.
Stability of Immobilization of Bipyridine‐proline on Zn‐Modified Bimodal Mesoporous Silicas and Recyclable Catalytic Performance in Asymmetric Aldol Reaction
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Sun Jihong , Bai Shiyang , Zhao Hongwu , Wu Xia , Panezai Hamida 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe organic‐inorganic mesoporous materials (ZZnBMMs) were successfully synthesized by Zn‐grafting into the surface of bimodal mesoporous silicas (BMMs) via covalent bond, and then immobilization of (2 S,2’S)‐N,N’‐([2,2’‐bipyridine]‐3,3’‐diyl)bis(pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxamide) (Z) onto the Zn‐modified BMMs through coordination method. The influences of washed parameters such as various solvents (petroleum ether, CH2Cl2, CH3OH, or DMSO) and pretreated temperature on the structural stability of obtained ZZnBMMs were investigated thoroughly, which were extensively characterized by means of XRD patterns, UV‐vis and FT‐IR spectra, N2 sorption isotherms, SEM images, and SAXS patterns. The results showed that petroleum ether could be acted as optimum solvent for washing ZZnBMMs when pre‐treated temperature was around 20 °C. The SAXS patterns evidently demonstrated that ZZnBMMs before and after washing presented the fractal features, suggesting their surface roughness and structural irregularities, in which, the mass fractal (Dm) values were gradually decreased along with not only the increased polarity of used solvents (petroleum ether, CH2Cl2, CH3OH, and DMSO), but also enhanced washing temperature of from 20–60 °C and prolonged time of from 4–168 hrs. Furthermore, the ZZnBMMs as a heterogeneous catalyst for asymmetric aldol reaction exhibited the recycled (at least 6 times) catalytic performances with high efficiency (around 92.1% yield) and good selectivity (up to 68% ee).
Cascade Reactions Utilizing the Nucleophilic Properties of 1,1‐Enediamines for the Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐2‐aminopyridines
Authors: Kong Ling‐Bin , Yan Sheng‐Jiao , Yao Yuan , Xiao Qiang , Lin Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe novel 4‐aryl‐2‐aminopyridine compounds 3 have been synthesised via the regioselective cascade reaction of 1,1‐enediamines (EDAMs) 1 with (E)‐ethyl 2‐oxo‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐enoates 2 in EtOH promoted by piperidine. The reactions have the advantages of using an environmen tally friendly solvent and inexpensive starting compounds to produce good to moderate yield. This method provides a concise procedure for the highly regioselective synthesis of 4‐aryl‐2‐aminopyridine compounds.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed ortho‐Alkenylation of Anilides with Maleimides
Authors: Tamizmani Masilamani , Gouranga Naskar , Jeganmohan Masilamani 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA rhodium(III)‐catalyzed ortho‐alkenylation of substituted anilides with maleimides providing 3‐arylated maleimides in good to excellent yields is described. In the reaction, a minor amount of Michael‐type addition product, 3‐arylated succinimides, was also observed. Later, 3‐arylated succinimides was converted into 3‐arylated maleimides in the presence of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and K2CO3. Generally, a Michael‐type 3‐arylated succinimides was observed in the reaction of maleimides with substituted aromatics via C‐H bond activation. In the present reaction, unusually, a Heck‐type alkenylated product was observed in the major amount. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed and supported by the deuterium labelling studies and computational experiments. The mechanistic investigation and DFT calculations revealed that the time interval for the regeneration of Rh(I) to Rh(III) could be the factor for the observation of a minor ortho alkylated aromatics which was formed via a redox neutral Rh(III) version.
The influence of mindfulness and social support on stress reactivity during pregnancy
Authors: Sanchez Hernandez Hugo , Urizar Guido G. , Yim Ilona S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExaggerated stress reactivity can lead to negative health outcomes, which can be especially harmful during important periods of development such as pregnancy. Therefore, studies are needed to examine potential protective factors associated with lower perceived stress reactivity and lower cortisol awakening response (CAR) during pregnancy. The current cross‐sectional study examined whether low‐income women (n = 152) with higher mindfulness (attentiveness and awareness of the present moment) and more perceived social support had lower levels of perceived stress reactivity and a lower CAR during pregnancy. Women completed self‐report measures of mindfulness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale), social support (Medical Outcomes Study‐Social Support Scale), and perceived stress reactivity (Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale) during their first trimester of pregnancy and collected saliva using the passive drool procedure at home (at awakening and at 30 min after awakening). Results showed that women with greater mindfulness and greater perceived social support had significantly lower perceived stress reactivity, but not a lower CAR. These results provide preliminary support for mindfulness and social support as potential protective factors of perceived stress reactivity and have implications for experimental studies aimed at improving pregnant women's mindfulness and social support for reducing their stress reactivity and potentially improving health outcomes.
Insights into the Crystallinity of Layer‐Structured Transition Metal Dichalcogenides on Potassium Ion Battery Performance: A Case Study of Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Dong Yulian , Xu Yang , Li Wei , Fu Qun , Wu Minghong , Manske Eberhard , Kröger Jörg , Lei Yong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLayer‐structured transition metal dichalcogenides (LS‐TMDs) are being heavily studied in K‐ion batteries (KIBs) owing to their structural uniqueness and interesting electrochemical mechanisms. Synthetic methods are designed primarily focusing on high capacities. The achieved performance is often the collective results of several contributing factors. It is important to decouple the factors and understand their functions individually. This work presents a study focusing on an individual factor, crystallinity, by taking MoS2 as a demonstrator. The performance of low and high‐crystallized MoS2 is compared to show the function of crystallinity is dependent on the electrochemical mechanism. Lower crystallinity can alleviate diffusional limitation in 0.5–3.0 V, where intercalation reaction takes charge in storing K‐ions. Higher crystallinity can ensure the structural stability of the MoS2 layers and promote surface charge storage in 0.01–3.0 V, where conversion reaction mainly contributes. The low‐crystallized MoS2 exhibits an intercalation capacity (118 mAh g−1), good cyclability (85% over 100 cycles), and great rate capability (41 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1), and the high‐crystallized MoS2 delivers a high capacity of 330 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and retains 161 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1, being one of the best among the reported LS‐TMDs in KIBs.
Living Islam in Colonial Bujumbura – The Historical Translocality of Muslim Life between East and Central Africa
Authors: Castryck Geert 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:This article applies a translocal approach in order to make sense of the internal dynamics in the Muslim community of colonial Bujumbura. The establishment of the community and its religious evolutions – from a practical living of Islam to Qadiriyya Sufism to Islamic Reform – are interpreted in regard to, on the one hand, religious tendencies in East African Islam and, on the other hand, processes of integration, marginalization, and exclusion in an urban, colonial and Burundian context. An answer to the social needs and challenges on the local level was found in religious intensification and a widening of the geographical scope, drawing on age-old connections across East and Central Africa.
Active and passive in-plane wall fluctuations in turbulent channel flows
Authors: Józsa T. I. , Balaras E. , Kashtalyan M. , Borthwick A. G. L. , Viola I. M. 
Published: March 2019

Compliant walls offer the tantalising possibility of passive flow control. This paper examines the mechanics of compliant surfaces driven by wall shear stresses, with solely in-plane velocity response. We present direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flows at low ($Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\approx 180$) and intermediate ($Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\approx 1000$) Reynolds numbers. In-plane spanwise and streamwise active controls proposed by Choiet al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 262, 1994, pp. 75–110) are revisited in order to characterise beneficial wall fluctuations. An analytical framework is then used to map the parameter space of the proposed compliant surfaces. The direct numerical simulations show that large-scale passive streamwise wall fluctuations can reduce friction drag by at least$3.7\pm 1\,\%$, whereas even small-scale passive spanwise wall motions lead to considerable drag penalty. It is found that a well-designed compliant wall can theoretically exploit the drag-reduction mechanism of an active control; this may help advance the development of practical active and passive control strategies for turbulent friction drag reduction.
A Palaeoarchean–Mesoarchean micro-continent entrained in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt at the southeastern North China Craton: evidence from the zircon record in the Bengbu area
Authors: Liu Chaohui , Zhao Guochun , Liu Fulai , Cai Jia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Bengbu area in the southeastern North China Craton (NCC) consists predominantly of Archean–Palaeoproterozoic (gneissic) granitoids with minor supracrustal rocks (the Fengyang and Wuhe groups). This study presents new zircon laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic data and trace-element contents for these granitoids, which improve understanding the Archean–Palaeoproterozoic crustal evolution of the NCC. Magmatic zircon U–Pb data reveal that zircons in the (gneissic) granitoids were generated by multi-stage events at 2.93, 2.73, 2.53–2.52 and 2.18–2.13 Ga. Metamorphic zircon U–Pb data obtained from these rocks show two distinct metamorphic ages of 2.49–2.52 and 1.84 Ga, suggesting that the Bengbu area experienced a regional metamorphic event at the end of the Neoarchean Era and encountered reworking by a tectonothermal event associated with the formation of the Palaeoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt. Trace-element compositions of magmatic zircons reveal the highest Ti concentrations (8.08±3.38 ppm) and growth temperatures (718±44 °C) for the zircons aged 2.13–2.17 Ga and an increase in zircon U/Yb ratios from 2.93 Ga (0.34±0.12) through 2.73 Ga (0.96±0.42) to 2.53 Ga (1.05±0.46), but an evident decrease at 2.17–2.13 Ga (0.61±0.40 ppm). Similar Palaeoarchean xenocrystic and detrital zircons with negativeɛHf(t) values, late Mesoarchean magmatic zircons with juvenile Hf isotopic features, early Neoarchean magmatic zircons with model ages of 2.9–3.0 Ga, and two regional metamorphic events at 2.52–2.48 and 1.88–1.80 Ga in the Bengbu and Jiaobei areas indicate a Palaeoarchean–Mesoarchean micro-continent entrained in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt at the southeastern NCC.
FRANÇOIS-PAUL DE LISOLA AND ENGLISH OPPOSITION TO LOUIS XIV
Authors: GOLDIE MARK , LEVILLAIN CHARLES-ÉDOUARD 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBetween the Restoration in 1660 and the Revolution in 1688 the English public abandoned its century-long animus against Spain and began to identify France as its chief enemy. Historians often hold that the most significant intervention in shifting the balance of public opinion was the Dutch-inspired pamphlet,England's appeal from the private cabal at Whitehall(1673), written by the Huguenot Pierre du Moulin. It is argued here that an immensely influential earlier intervention was made by François-Paul de Lisola, in hisBuckler of state and justice(1667), which, at a critical juncture, presented a rhetorically powerful body of arguments about the nature of the European state system. A Catholic in the service of the Habsburg emperor, who spent nearly two years in England in 1666–8, Lisola was an accomplished and versatile diplomat and publicist. This article interweaves diplomatic history with the history of geopolitical argument, tracing paths which led to Europe's Grand Alliance against Louis XIV.
Building collaborative networks across disciplines: A review of polar educators international’s first five years
Authors: Roop Heidi A. , Wesche Gary , Azinhaga Patrícia F. , Trummel Betty , Xavier José C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPolar Educators International (PEI) is a volunteer-based organization designed to build collaborative relationships between educators and polar researchers. Founded in 2012, PEI was created out of the networks formed during the International Polar Year 2007–2008. This paper explores PEI’s first five years (2012–17) of successes, challenges and opportunities that have led to the creation of an organization with over 1,500 members. Using a ‘level of participation’ framework for communities of practice, we examine the evolution of this educator-researcher network and focus on two key questions: 1) who has PEI reached and served over this time?, and 2) what are barriers to participation? Barriers include sustained engagement with researchers and establishing value within institutional frameworks that generally undervalue activities referred to as ‘education and outreach’ (EOC). EOC activities continue to be perceived as extra-curricular in both educator and researcher communities. Working to deepen collaboration with polar researchers and targeting a greater diversity of PEI’s membership to fill core leadership functions should be future areas of focus for PEI as it looks to continue to shape polar EOC. Advancing and enhancing polar EOC extends well beyond PEI and should be a priority for the broader polar science and education communities.
MATHEMATICS AND MAGIC: THEIST AND ATHEIST IDENTIFICATION WITH THE SPIRITUAL MUSIC OF KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN
Authors: Parsons Ian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStockhausen's idiosyncratic spiritual beliefs, and the vigour with which he expressed them in his compositional processes, have sometimes been an obstacle to both musicians and audiences in engaging with his music. I explore the extent to which the ability to appreciate Stockhausen's music is predicated on a sympathy with his spiritual world view. I pose a broad view of Stockhausen's spirituality, not reliant on theism, through drawing on three key sources: the composer's own commentary on spirituality and its connections with his serialist compositional techniques; Rudolf Otto's notions of an intrinsically human awareness of ‘the holy’; and the connections of mathematics with human truth drawn by Alain Badiou. I argue that a broader understanding of Stockhausen's spirituality enables a pathway into his music that can be shared by both theists and atheists, and that this can produce a rich fodder for each in their curiosity about human place in the world.
The seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in Belgium anno 2002 and 2006: a comparative analysis with hepatitis A virus seroprevalence
Authors: Smit G. S. A. , Abrams S. , Dorny P. , Speybroeck N. , Devleesschauwer B. , Hutse V. , Jansens H. , Theeten H. , Beutels P. , Hens N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is endemic worldwide but its seroprevalence varies widely. The goal of this study was to estimate the age-specific seroprevalence of CMV infection in Belgium based on two cross-sectional serological datasets from 2002 and 2006. The seroprevalence was estimated relying on diagnostic test results based on cut-off values pre-specified by the manufacturers of the tests as well as relying on mixture models applied to continuous pathogen-specific immunoglobulin G antibody titre concentrations. The age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV), based on three Belgian cross-sectional serological datasets from 1993, 2002 and 2006, was used as a comparator since individuals acquire lifelong immunity upon recovery, implying an increasing seroprevalence with age. The age group weighted overall CMV seroprevalence derived from the mixture model was 32% (95% confidence interval (CI) 31–34%) in 2002 and 31% (95% CI 30–32%) in 2006. We demonstrated that CMV epidemiology differs from the immunizing infection HAV. This was the first large-scale study of CMV and HAV serial datasets in Belgium, estimating seroprevalence specified by age and birth cohort.
Carbon processing by the benthic ecosystem and benthic C fixation in methane-rich sediments on the South Georgia margin
Authors: Woulds Clare , Bell James B. , Glover Adrian G. , Bouillon Steven , Brown Louise S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs bottom water warms, destabilisation of gas hydrates may increase the extent of methane-rich sediments. The authors present an assessment of organic carbon processing by the benthic community in methane-rich sediments, including one of the first investigations of inorganic C fixation in a non-hydrothermal vent setting. This topic was previously poorly studied, and there is much need to fill the gaps in knowledge of such ecosystems. The authors hypothesized that benthic C fixation would occur, and that a high biomass macrofaunal community would play a substantial role in organic C cycling. Experiments were conducted at a 257 m deep site off South Georgia. Sediment cores were amended with13C and15N labelled algal detritus, or13C labelled bicarbonate solution. In the bicarbonate experiment, labelling of bacteria-specific phospholipid fatty acids provided direct evidence of benthic C fixation, with transfer of fixed C to macrofauna and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In the algae experiment, macrofauna played an active role in organic carbon cycling. Compared to similar experiments, low temperature supressed the rates of community respiration and macrofaunal C uptake. While benthic C fixation occurred, the biological processing of organic carbon was dominantly controlled by low temperature and high photic zone productivity.
Complex life under the McMurdo Ice Shelf, and some speculations on food webs
Authors: Kim Stacy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHabitats under ice shelves are minimally explored, primarily because of technological limitations. These areas are separated from photosynthetic primary productivity by thick ice and distance to open water. Nevertheless, a diverse macrofaunal benthic community was discovered at 188 m depth, 80 km back from the edge of the McMurdo Ice Shelf. The general habitat was fine sediment with occasional dropstones, and dominant taxa were polychaetes and brittle stars, with alcyonacean soft corals and anemones on hard substrates. Gelatinous animals were abundant near the seafloor, and possibly part of a food web that supports the benthic community.
Catastrophic decline and subsequent conservation management of the Critically Endangered Fatu Hiva Monarch Pomarea whitneyi in the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia)
Authors: GHESTEMME THOMAS , MATOHI ARTHUR , BLANVILLAIN CAROLINE , PORTIER EMMANUELLE , BARH MADEN LE , O’BRIEN MARK 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper documents the catastrophic decline of the ‘Critically Endangered’ Fatu Hiva Monarch Pomarea whitneyi since 2000 and presents population dynamics and conservation actions for the species between 2008 and 2017. The Fatu Hiva Monarch conservation programme has prevented the extinction of the species thus far. However, after an initial increase in the population size within the management area between 2008 and 2012, recruitment subsequently declined. Improvements in the method of trapping to control cats in 2016 and 2017 coincided with encouraging results in terms of juvenile monarch survival rates, although two adult birds disappeared during the same period. The initial hypothesis, that the population would recover once the main threat, black (or ship) rat Rates Rattus predation, was effectively controlled in the breeding territories, has not proved to be correct. An alternative hypothesis assumes that cat predation, mainly on young birds, is limiting monarch recovery. Control of feral cats has been undertaken since 2010, but the implementation of a new trapping method (leg-hold traps) combined with a significant increase in cat trapping effort, has coincided with an increase in the number of cats culled, as well as monarch post-fledging survival in 2016 and 2017. For the first time in the project, no mortality has been observed for monarch chicks, fledged juveniles or immature birds. If this alternative hypothesis holds, we would expect to recruit young birds into the monarch population in the next year or two. First, this will reduce the likelihood that the Fatu Hiva Monarch will become extinct and second, provide a source population to either repopulate the island following the eradication of rats and cats or to translocate birds to a rat and cat free island.
Promotion Letters: Current Problems and a Reform Proposal
Authors: Weyland Kurt 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTExternal referee letters can, in principle, provide essential inputs for tenure and promotion decisions. But scholars’ reluctance to prepare critical, not to speak of “negative” assessments has led to a skewed self-selection: Potential referees tend to accept the task only if they see a tenure or promotion case as worthy of support. The resulting overabundance of praise has devalued the content of referee reports; they are difficult to interpret and of limited use for distinguishing deserving from undeserving candidates. Maybe a simple reform can mitigate these problems: Departments should pay external referees a generous honorarium, perhaps up to $2,000 at well-endowed research universities. This substantial incentive will induce more scholars to provide these assessments, thus counterbalancing the current self-selection on candidate supportability. Moreover, a large honorarium clearly turns the commissioning department into the contractual “principal” of these assessments, leading referees to prepare more searching, balanced evaluations. The main criterion will be whether a promotion really improves the department’s academic quality and scholarly standing.