bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topography‐Induced Cell Self‐Organization from Simple to Complex Aggregates
Authors: Luo Jing , Meng Jingxin , Gu Zhen , Wang Luying , Zhang Feilong , Wang Shutao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSelf‐organization is a fundamental and indispensable process in a living system. To understand cell behavior in vivo such as tumorigenesis, 3D cellular aggregates, instead of 2D cellular sheets, have been employed as a vivid in vitro model for self‐organization. However, most focus on the macroscale wetting and fusion of cellular aggregates. In this study, it is reported that self‐organization of cells from simple to complex aggregates can be induced by multiscale topography through confined templates at the macroscale and cell interactions at the nanoscale. On the one hand, macroscale templates are beneficial for the organization of individual cells into simple and complex cellular aggregates with various shapes. On the other hand, the realization of these macro‐organizations also depends on cell interactions at the nanoscale, as demonstrated by the intimate contact between nanoscale pseudopodia stretched by adjacent frontier cells, much like holding hands and by the variation in the intermolecular interactions based on E‐cadherin. Therefore, these findings may be very meaningful for clarifying the organizational mechanism of tumor development, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Trogbrücken mit dickem Fahrbahnblech
Authors: Schmackpfeffer Alexander , Schleicher Wolfram , Fiedler Michael , Hellmich Magnus 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIm Verkehrsnetz der Eisenbahnen des Bundes werden immer häufiger Ersatzneubauten für abgängige Brückenbauwerke erforderlich. Die Stützweiten der Überbauten liegen meist unter 20 m. Infolge der geometrischen Zwänge aus den Gradienten der Verkehrswege auf und unter den Überbauten wurden die Trogbrücken mit dickem Fahrbahnblech entwickelt, da sie eine sehr geringe Konstruktionshöhe aufweisen. Dieser Artikel soll den verantwortlichen Ingenieuren den Stand der Regelwerke vermitteln und Hinweise sowie Planungsvorgaben aufzeigen.
Pont du Lanciau – eine Rohrfachwerkbrücke als Ersatzneubau
Authors: Delémont Thierry , Bouvet Caroline , Herion Stefan , Hrabowski Jennifer , Pittet Yves 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDie im Jahr 1904 errichtete Eisenbahnbrücke von Lanciau musste durch eine neue Brücke ersetzt werden, die eine durchgehende Schotterbahn ermöglicht. Die neue Brücke wurde mit der Idee entworfen, den Geist der alten Pont du Lanciau beizubehalten und diese als Fachwerkkonstruktion auszuführen. Allerdings wurde sie sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer Form (räumlicher Dreiecksbinder mit variabler Höhe) als auch ihrer Profilquerschnitte (Rohre) modernisiert. Eine auf dem Tragwerk aufgesetzte und mit den Obergurten verbundene Betonwanne wird genutzt, um die Steifigkeit der Brücke zu erhöhen. Pont du Lanciau ist damit eine der ersten Eisenbahnbrücken mit einem tragenden Fachwerk aus Hohlprofilen, das dank der kompakten, direkt verschweißten Rohre ein ästhetisches Erscheinungsbild liefert, das sich perfekt in die Umgebung integriert. Im Folgenden wird auf die verschiedenen Aspekte bei der Realisierung dieses Vorhabens eingegangen.
A mission‐based architecture for swarm unmanned systems
Authors: Giles Kathleen , Giammarco Kristin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis research applies a mission engineering approach with model‐based systems engineering foundations to formalize a swarm unmanned system design methodology and architecture. The architectural framework and methodology herein presented extend current swarm system design methods, which are primarily bottom‐up approaches focused on the behavior of individual agents. We introduce a top‐down, hierarchical approach with an overarching mission decomposed into phases, tactics, plays, and algorithms. Three unmanned aerial vehicle swarm case studies (one of which is discussed in this paper) are used to demonstrate the approach and its effectiveness in formalizing a mission‐based framework of common patterns in swarm missions that promote architecture reusability.
The identity and geographical distribution of Jacobaea vulgaris subsp. gotlandica, supposedly endemic to Gotland and Öland (Sweden)—the importance of multiple intraspecific samples
Authors: Wysk Rebecca , Nordenstam Bertil , Kadereit Joachim W. , Westberg Erik 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe identity of Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. subsp. gotlandica (Neum.) B. Nord., hitherto considered an endemic to the Swedish islands Öland and Gotland, was investigated using nrITS and trnT­trnL intergenic spacer sequences and a broad sample of species and accessions particularly of J. vulgaris. We found that J. vulgaris subsp. gotlandica is a distinct evolutionary lineage more widespread in Europe than previously thought and may be a southeastern European steppe floristic element with outliers on the large Baltic islands. Our entirely unexpected findings underline the need of multiple intraspecific sampling in species­level phylogenetic studies.
Rampant non­monophyly of species in Kniphofia Moench (Asphodelaceae) suggests a recent Afromontane radiation
Authors: Ramdhani Syd , Barker Nigel P. , Baijnath Himansu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe genus Kniphofia, comprising 71 species, has an African­Malagasy distribution, with one species from Yemen. The genus is found predominantly in moist temperate montane grassland and has its centre of diversity in the Drakensberg region of southern Africa. The genus has a complex alpha taxonomy and species relationships are poorly understood. Using a multiple exemplar approach, DNA sequence data from the chloroplast trnT­L spacer and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region were used in an attempt to resolve phylogenetic relationships. Five cpDNA lineages were recovered, the geographic distributions of which correspond well with previously identified Afromontane centres of diversity and endemism. The data revealed that several morphospecies were non­monophyletic, and this, together with short branch lengths and many identical sequences within each of the five lineages, suggests a recent radiation. We additionally propose that hybridisation and/ or incomplete lineage sorting may also account for this result. The nrITS region was largely uninformative as many taxa and samples had identical sequences. We hypothesise that Kniphofia experienced periods of range expansion, secondary contact and hybridisation during Pleistocene glacial periods, followed by contraction, fragmentation and isolation in montane refugia during the warmer interglacial periods.
Phylogenetic analyses of the banana family (Musaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and chloroplast (trnL‐F) evidence
Authors: Liu Ai-Zhong , Kress W. John , Li De-Zhu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe banana family (Musaceae s.str.; Zingiberales), an economically important tropical group of plants, includes three genera, Musa, Ensete and Musella, and possibly 41 species. We performed phylogenetic analyses of a total of 39 accessions covering 28 species in the Musaceae and five outgroup species using nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnL‐F sequences. Outgroups were chosen from the closely related families Lowiaceae, Strelitziaceae, and Heliconiaceae. Our results suggest that Musaceae s.str. is monophyletic. Three main internal clades are well‐supported within the family. The genus Musa is comprised of two of these clades, and Musella plus Ensete make‐up the third clade. The sectional classification system of Musa based on chromosome numbers is not supported by DNA sequence evidence. Both inflorescence orientation (erect or pendent) and chromosomal number in Musa, which were characters traditionally thought to be diagnostic in sectional classification, are homoplasious traits in the family. The disjunct distribution of living members of the genus Ensete in tropical Asia and Africa with a fossil species described from the Eocene of Oregon in North America may be an example of the distributional retreat of the Boreal Tropics. The phylogenetic position of the monospecific Musella as sister to the African clade of Ensete suggests that the single species in this lineage is a highly specialized member not warranting generic status. Evidence from the molecular phylogenetic investigations highlights the evolutionary diversification and biogeographic context of this plant group, and suggests additional taxonomic investigations of both Musa and Ensete are in order.
A multi‐locus phylogeny ofEuryops(Asteraceae, Senecioneae) augments support for the "Cape to Cairo" hypothesis of floral migrations in Africa
Authors: Devos Nicolas , Barker Nigel P. , Nordenstam Bertil , Mucina Ladislav 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith about 100 species,Euryops(Cass.) Cass. ranks among the most speciose genera of the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae). The genus has its greatest diversity in South Africa, and displays an interesting disjunct distribution with most of the taxa found in southern Africa and a group of eight endemic species confined to the mountains of tropical East Africa and northeastern Africa. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data from three chloroplast fragments and the nuclear ITS region were used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of 41Euryopsspecies in order to unravel species relationships and to determine the origin of the disjunct Afromontane taxa. Our results show a lack of support and resolution in the internal structure of the trees, but also reveal strong incongruence between the ITS and cpDNA datasets as assessed by Bayes Factors. We hypothesise that this is a consequence of the isolation and divergence of many populations over a short time period at some point in the history of the genus. Molecular dating based on our phylogenetic tree suggests that the genus diversified in South Africa around four million years ago. The origin of the East African species, dated at 1.9 Ma, well after the uplift of the East African mountains, is consistent with a scenario of a single dispersal event from South Africa northwards into the tropical East African mountains where diversification occurred, creating a monophyletic group of regional Afromontane endemics.
Molecular phylogeny of tribe Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) based on two plastid markers and recognition of a new tribe, Philonotieae, from the neotropics
Authors: Wong Sin Yeng , Boyce Peter C. , bin Othman Ahmad Sofiman , Pin Leaw Chui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTribe Schismatoglottideae comprises one large genus, Schismatoglottis, and six small 'satellite' genera. A combined molecular phylogenetic analysis of matK, the 3′ portion of the trnK intron, and trnL‐F sequence data was carried out on 77 taxa representing all genera in the tribe, all informal groups in Schismatoglottis, together with sister tribe Cryptocoryneae, and outgroups from Araceae. Analyses of combined datasets with parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods revealed tribe Schismatoglottideae to be a polyphyletic assemblage. Neotropical Schismatoglottis is shown to be sister to the palaeotropical Schismatoglottideae + Cryptocoryneae. Schismatoglottis acuminatissima is a sister clade to the rest of the Schismatoglottideae. Palaeotropical Schismatoglottis is unsupported as a monophyletic genus. A new neotropical tribe of Araceae, Philonotieae S.Y. Wong & P.C. Boyce, sister to Cryptocoryneae + palaeotropical Schismatoglottideae, is proposed.
Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy
Authors: Yuan Yao-Wu , Mabberley David J. , Steane Dorothy A. , Olmstead Richard G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe genus Clerodendrum s.l. is polyphyletic. Although recent studies have resulted in C. subg. Cyclonema and C. sect. Konocalyx being removed to the resurrected genus Rotheca, and the unispecific genus Huxleya being sunk into Clerodendrum, it has been unclear whether Clerodendrum as currently circumscribed is monophyletic, particularly in relation to the American genera Aegiphila, Amasonia, and Tetraclea. This phylogenetic study employs four relatively fast‐evolving chloroplast DNA regions, trnT‐L, trnL‐F, trnD‐T, and trnS‐fM, to clarify the generic boundaries of Clerodendrum and its relationship to allied genera. The results corroborate previous studies that there are three well‐supported clades in the currently recognized Clerodendrum: an Asian clade, an African clade, and a Pantropical Coastal clade. The Asian clade and African clade are sister groups and together form a monophyletic group. However, the Pantropical Coastal clade is more closely related to the three American genera than it is to the other two Clerodendrum clades. In addition, a Caribbean species, C. spinosum, is found to be more closely related to the American genera than it is to any of the three major Clerodendrum groups. These results indicate that Clerodendrum as currently circumscribed is not monophyletic. We propose to separate the Pantropical Coastal clade and C. spinosum by reviving the genera Volkameria (including Huxleya) and Ovieda, respectively for these, and to restrict Clerodendrum to the Asian and African clades. Brief descriptions of the genera to be recognized are provided. All Neotropical 'Clerodendrum' taxa are referred to other genera, necessitating six new combinations, which are also provided, where required, for two other well‐studied Old World Volkameria species; all names ever used in Ovieda are given their modern placings (two placed newly in synonymy). The study also sheds light on the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy that avoids self‐pollination or/and sexual interference. This strategy involves presentation of pollen and stigma in the centre of the flower in a sequential fashion by moving the filaments and style. It appears to have evolved in the common ancestor of Clerodendrum, Volkameria, Ovieda, Amasonia, Tetraclea, Aegiphila and Kalaharia, and still occurs in all of these taxa except Aegiphila, where it has been succeeded by a heterostylous system.
Karyotype evolution and speciation of European lilies from Lilium sect. Liriotypus
Authors: Muratović Edina , Robin Odil , Bogunić Faruk , Šoljan Dubravka , Siljak-Yakovlev Sonja 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to clarify the speciation and taxonomic status of European representatives of Lilium sect. Liriotypus (Lilium albanicum, L. bosniacum, L. bulbiferum, L. candidum, L. carniolicum, L. chalcedonicum, L. jankae, L. pomponium, L. rhodopaeum, L. pyrenaicum) based on karyotype differentiation. Clear interspecific differentiation was revealed among karyotypes of these taxa using fluorochrome (chromomycin and DAPI) bandings, fluorescent in situ hybridization and silver staining. Differences were evident in the number and position of CMA and DAPI bands and in the number, position and activity of 18S‐26S and 5S rDNA genes. It is hypothesized that the type species of Lilium sect. Liriotypus, L. candidum, represents the ancestral species from which three evolutionary directions diverged: the first towards L. chalcedonicum, the second towards L. rhodopaeum, and the third towards L. albanicum. The radiation process expanded from L. albanicum, beyond the southeast to the central Dinaric Alps where L. bosniacum is strongly represented. Furthermore, L. carniolicum evolved from northwestern populations of L. bosniacum. According to this evolutionary hypothesis, L. pomponium and L. pyrenaicum would be the youngest species.
The taxonomy of the leafy liverwort genus Leptoscyphus (Lophocoleaceae) revisited
Authors: Vanderpoorten Alain , Schäfer-Verwimp Alfons , Heinrichs Jochen , Devos Nicolas , Long David G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA revised classification of the liverwort genus Leptoscyphus (Lophocoleaceae) is presented on the basis of previous phylogenetic analyses as well as morphological examination of recent plant material and type specimens. The three subgenera that have traditionally been recognized based on morphological grounds, namely Leptoscyphus subg. Anomylia, L. subg. Physoscyphus, and L. subg. Leptoscyphus, are well retrieved by the phylogeny. Two new subgenera, L. subg. Spinoscyphus and L. subg. Australoleptoscyphus, are created for L. cleefii and L. spectabilis and the southern South Hemisphere species, respectively. Three new species, namely L. gradsteinii, L. lambinonii, and L. sotiauxii, are described here based on molecular and morphological evidence. The new combination L. porphyrius subsp. azoricus is made. Lectotypes are designated for Chiloscyphus australis, C. huidobroanus, Jungermannia amphibolia, J. pallidovirens, J. physocalyx, Lophocolea belmorana, L. diversifolia, L. excipulata, and Mylia azorica.
Chautemsia calcicola: A new genus and species of Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: de Araújo Andréa Onofre , Souza Vinicius Castro , Perret Mathieu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new species of Gesneriaceae discovered in remnants of deciduous forests on limestone outcrops in Minas Gerais, Brazil, is described and compared with morphologically related taxa. This plant presents the diagnostic features of the tribe Gloxinieae, but a unique combination of morphological traits distinguishes this taxon from previously described genera. Its phylogenetic position was inferred based on analyzing DNA sequences variation of five loci: the rpl16 intron, rps16 intron, trnL‐F intron‐spacer, a portion of the plastid‐expressed glutamine synthetase gene (ncpGS) and the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the position of this new species in the Gloxinieae, as a sister lineage of a clade including the Brazilian genera Mandirola and Goyazia. However, tests using topological constraints do not reject the alternative relationship that places this taxon with Gloxiniopsis in a monophyletic group. To accommodate this species in the current generic circumscription of Gloxinieae, the new genus Chautemsia A.O. Araujo & V.C. Souza is created.
Phylogeny and evolutionary diversification of Adenocarpus DC. (Leguminosae)
Authors: Cubas Paloma , Pardo Cristina , Tahiri Hikmat , Castroviejo Santiago 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships of Adenocarpus species were assessed by sequence analyses of the ITS and 3′ end of ETS (nrDNA) regions and the trnL–trnF intergenic spacer (cpDNA). The nrDNA analysis recovered four main clades within Adenocarpus. Clades 1–3 comprise morphological and molecularly well–differentiated species that occur in the western Mediterranean realm. Clade 4 comprises three distinctive endemic species from the Canary Islands, an endangered Algerian endemic, and a set of species close to A. complicatus with distinct geographical areas but with little molecular variation between taxa. The latter species are centred in the Iberian Peninsula but also distributed along the Mediterranean basin (from the Iberian Peninsula to Turkey). The phylogenetic position of A. mannii, a morphologically distinctive species with a unique afro–tropical distribution, is not unequivocally resolved, being sister to clade 3 in the ETS tree but to clade 4 in the ITS tree. Rates of evolution and ages of divergence of major groups were estimated using nonparametric rate smoothing with a fixed calibration point of 41.2 Ma and constraining the node of the separation of Anarthrophyllum and Mediterranean Genisteae at a minimum age of 13.6 and a maximum of 25.8 Ma. The estimated ages indicate that the diversification of Adenocarpus and first separation of two lineages may have occurred during the onset and the wake of the profound Middle Miocene cooling episode. One of the lineages separated rapidly into two groups (clades 1 and 2) while the second one led to clade 3, A. mannii and clade 4. Clades 1, 2 and 3 differentiated into the present species soon after these major events whereas clade 4 radiated much later, during the Pliocene.
Melaleuca revisited: cpDNA and morphological data confirm that Melaleuca L. (Myrtaceae) is not monophyletic
Authors: Edwards Robert D. , Craven Lyn A. , Crisp Michael D. , Cook Lyn G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith about 335 species, the tribe Melaleuceae comprises a major lineage within the Australian Myrtaceae. Here we investigate relationships within Melaleuceae using cpDNA sequences (ndh)F and 27 morphological characters. We find strong evidence for the non–monophyly of Melaleuca, with all other currently recognized genera of Melaleuceae (Beaufortia, Calothamnus, Conothamnus, Eremaea, Lamarchea, Petraeomyrtus, Phymatocarpus, Regelia) falling within that genus. Our findings are broadly consistent with previous studies using nuclear ITS DNA sequence data; however, the cpDNA phylogeny estimate is more resolved and has higher support for major nodes. Melaleuceae is found to comprise three major clades, each containing species of Melaleuca and each with good support. The M. leucadendra (broad–leaf paper–barks), M. uncinata, M. pungens and M. acacioides groups, New Caledonian callistemons, and all other currently recognized genera of Melaleuceae form one clade. Australian Callistemon species, which have been synonymised recently with Melaleuca, cluster within a second clade of Melaleuca that includes the M. fulgens, M. laxiflora and M. ordinifolia groups, and some members of the M. lanceolata and M. cuticularis groups. A third clade includes other members of the M. lanceolata and M. cuticularis groups, M. foliolosa and the M. huegelii group. No morphological support or diagnostic synapomorphies are identified for any of these clades. Together with previous studies, our findings indicate that the circumscription of Melaleuca, and the generic status of other genera within Melaleuceae, is poorly supported, and we propose that all genera within the Melaleuceae are synonymised with Melaleuca.
The reproductive biology of Voyria (Gentianaceae) species in French Guiana
Authors: Hentrich Heiko , Kaiser Roman , Gottsberger Gerhard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe reproductive biology of the mycoheterotrophic Voyria caerulea, V. clavata and V. rosea (Gentianaceae) was studied in French Guiana. Floral characteristics indicated adaptations to long–tongued flower visitors. The three species possess large, conspicuously colored flowers that produced sucrose–rich nectar (concentrations: 16.4%–23.9%) and emit a rosy floral perfume with a citrus–related aspect, dominated by terpenoids. Principal scent compounds of V. caerulea and V. rosea were (E)–nerolidol and geraniol, and (E)–8–oxo–β–farnesene [(E)–2,6–dimethyl–10–methylenedodeca–2,6,11–trien–5–one, a new natural product] and (E,E)–farnesyl acetate in V. clavata. Germinating pollen grains were observed in the anthers of all species, forming large interwoven clumps that were transferred by the pollinators as a unit. In V. caerulea and V. rosea, stamens and stigmas were positioned close together, enabling the plants to self–pollinate. In contrast, male and female organs are widely separated in V. clavata. Pollen to ovule ratios of all species were low (33–78), indicating that pollen transfer (either by selfing or by outcrossing) is very efficient. Flower visitors were butterflies (V. caerulea, V. rosea) and/or long–tongued bees of the genus Euglossa (V. clavata, V. rosea). Nevertheless, Voyria caerulea and V. rosea were visited only rarely and irregularly. We suggest that these two species follow a mixed selfing–outcrossing strategy to ensure seed production when pollen transfer by visitors fails. In contrast, V. clavata showed a high degree of specialization towards euglossine–pollinators, which were frequent visitors. The close plant–pollinator interaction increases the probability of outcrossings and might have enabled this species to completely rely on pollinators for reproduction. Average seed set in the studied species ranged between 36% and 49% and was very variable among individuals, probably due to resource–limitation. The capsules of V. caerulea and V. clavata showed characteristics of endozoochorous dispersal and were frequently found damaged by possible rodent dispersal agents.