bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive energy management strategy for hybrid batteries/supercapacitors electrical vehicle based on model prediction control
Authors: Fu Zhumu , Li Zhenhui , Tao Fazhan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, in order to extend battery lifespan and lift power performance in hybrid batteries/supercapacitors electrical vehicles, a new energy management strategy is proposed based on model prediction control and adaptive method. Firstly, models of batteries and supercapacitors are built, which are then adapted and simplified to develop state space expression. Secondly, a series of reference values of battery power and supercapacitor state of charge for model prediction methods are properly calculated by the adaptive method. Thereafter, an energy management strategy based on the model prediction control method is designed to allocate the output power of batteries and supercapacitors within constraints, which guarantees batteries lifespan and the power performance of vehicle. Finally, simulation and experiment results are provided to evaluate battery lifespan and power performance of vehicles under HWFET and UDDS road conditions. The results obtained show that the proposed strategy, compared with the former methods, reduce average power and power variation of batteries, and effectively utilize supercapacitors depending on the power demand, which can extend battery lifespan and lift the power performance of vehicle.
Robust distributed consensus tracking control for high‐order uncertain nonlinear MASs with directed topologies
Authors: Liu Jian , Yu Yao , Wang Qing , Sun Changyin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the robust distributed consensus tracking problem for leader‐follower multi‐agent systems (MASs) with nonlinear dynamics and external disturbances under directed graph topologies. The nonlinear uncertainties are not required to be continuous or meet the matching conditions. The backstepping design method combined with signal compensation approach is proposed to design robust controllers in order to guarantee the consensus tracking property between the followers and the one leader. Moreover, the dynamic surface control technique is used to deal with the 'explosion of complexity' problem. It is proven that the robust distributed consensus tracking property of the MASs can be guaranteed. Furthermore, the consensus tracking errors can be designed as small as required and the convergence speed can be chosen arbitrarily. Finally, two examples are presented to show the validity of the proposed consensus tracking control protocols.
Characterization of ginsenoside compound K metabolites in rat urine and feces by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Xie Tiantian , Li Zhigang , Li Bo , Sun Rongrong , Zhang Peiying , Lv Junxiu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGinsenoside compound K (CK) is an active metabolite of ginsenoside and has been shown to have ameliorative property in various diseases. However, the detailed in vivo metabolism of this compound has rarely been reported. In the present study, a method using liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry together with multiple data processing techniques, including extracted ion chromatogram, multiple mass defect filter and MS/MS scanning, was developed to detect and characterize the metabolites of CK in rat urine and feces. After oral administration of CK at a dose of 50 mg/kg, urine and feces were collected for a period of time and subjected to a series of pretreatment. A total of 12 metabolites were tentatively or conclusively identified, comprising 11 phase I metabolites and a phase II metabolite. Metabolic pathways of CK has been proposed, including oxidation, deglycosylation, deglycosylation with sequential oxidation and dehydrogenation and deglycosylation with sequential glucuronidation. Relative quantitative analyses suggested that deglycosylation was the main metabolic pathway. The result could offer insights for better understanding of the mechanism of its pharmacological activities.
Sensory deafferentation modulates and redistributes neurocan in the rat auditory brainstem
Authors: Heusinger Josef , Hildebrandt Heika , Illing Robert‐Benjamin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionCochlear ablation causing sensory deafferentation (SD) of the cochlear nucleus triggers complex re‐arrangements in the cellular and molecular communication networks of the adult mammalian central auditory system. Participation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in these processes is not well understood.MethodsWe investigated consequences of unilateral SD for the expression and distribution of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, neurocan (Ncan) and aggrecan (Agg), alongside various plasticity markers in the auditory brainstem of the adult rat using immunohistochemical techniques.ResultsIn the deafferented ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), Ncan expression increased massively within 3 postoperative days (POD), but rapidly decreased thereafter. Agg showed a similar but less pronounced progression. Decrease in Ncan was spatially and temporally related to the re‐innervation of VCN documented by the emergence of growth‐associated protein Gap43 contained in nerve fibers and presynaptic boutons. Concurrently, astrocytes grew and expressed matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP2), an enzyme known to emerge only under re‐innervation of VCN. MMP2 is capable of cleaving both Ncan and Agg when released. A transient modulation of the ECM in the central inferior colliculus on the side opposite to SD occurred by POD1. Modulations of glutamatergic synapses and Gap43 expression were detected, reflecting state changes of the surrounding tissue induced by transsynaptic effects of SD.ConclusionsThe ECM variously participates in adaptive responses to sudden deafness by SD on several levels along the central auditory pathway, with a striking spatial and temporal relationship of Ncan modulation to astrocytic activation and to synaptogenesis.
Assessment of the interplay between scaffold geometry, induced shear stresses, and cell proliferation within a packed bed perfusion bioreactor
Authors: Thibeaux Roman , Duval Hervé , Smaniotto Benjamin , Vennat Elsa , Néron David , David Bertrand 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBy favoring cell proliferation and differentiation, perfusion bioreactors proved efficient at optimizing cell culture. The aim of this study was to quantify cell proliferation within a perfusion bioreactor and correlate it to the wall shear stress (WSS) distribution by combining 3‐D imaging and computational fluid dynamics simulations.NIH‐3T3 fibroblasts were cultured onto a scaffold model made of impermeable polyacetal spheres or Polydimethylsiloxane cubes. After 1, 2, and 3 weeks of culture, constructs were analyzed by micro‐computed tomography (μCT) and quantification of cell proliferation was assessed. After 3 weeks, the volume of cells was found four times higher in the stacking of spheres than in the stacking of cube.3D‐μCT reconstruction of bioreactors was used as input for the numerical simulations. Using a lattice‐Boltzmann method, we simulated the fluid flow within the bioreactors. We retrieved the WSS distribution (PDF) on the scaffolds surface at the beginning of cultivation and correlated this distribution to the local presence of cells after 3 weeks of cultivation. We found that the WSS distributions strongly differ between spheres and cubes even if the porosity and the specific wetted area of the stackings were very similar. The PDF is narrower and the mean WSS is lower for cubes (11 mPa) than for spheres (20 mPa). For the stacking of spheres, the relative occupancy of the surface sites by cells is maximal when WSS is greater than 20 mPa. For cubes, the relative occupancy is maximal when the WSS is lower than 10 mPa. The discrepancies between spheres and cubes are attributed to the more numerous sites in stacking of spheres that may induce 3‐D (multi‐layered) proliferation.
Improved characterization of the relationship between long intergenic non‐coding RNA Linc00152 and the occurrence and development of malignancies
Authors: Xu Jiasheng , Guo Jingjing , Jiang Yangkai , Liu Yujun , Liao Kaili , Fu Zhonghua , Xiong Zhenfang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLinc00152, located on chromosome 2p11.2, is a long intergenic non‐coding RNA molecule with 828 nucleotides that is highly expressed in many types of human tumor tissues, especially in malignant tumors of the digestive system. Linc00152 promotes the occurrence and development of tumors by increasing tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis. Additionally, linc00152 contributes to the carcinogenesis of several cancers, including gastric cancer, liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer, by disturbing various signaling pathways (eg PI3K/AKT, mTOR, IL‐1, and NOTCH 1 signaling pathways). High linc00152 expression levels are associated with chemoresistance as well as poor prognosis and shorter survival. Continual advances made in the relevant research have indicated that linc00152 may be useful as a new tumor molecular biomarker, applicable for tumor diagnosis, targeted therapy, and prognosis assessment. This review summarizes the progress in the research into the relationship between linc00152 and the occurrence and development of malignancies based on molecular functions, regulatory mechanisms, and clinical applications.
Thermal, morphological, and physicochemical characteristics of succinylated–crosslinked rice starches
Authors: Moin Abeera , Ali Tahira Mohsin , Hasnain Abid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and objectiveStarches were isolated from two indigenous rice varieties of Pakistan, namely Basmati and Irri. Effect of succinylation followed by crosslinking was studied on thermal, physicochemical, and morphological characteristics of Basmati and Irri starches.FindingsThe percent succinylation and crosslinking were found to be (8.5, 5.9)% and (88.77, 47.49)%, respectively. SEM micrographs revealed surface erosion of starch granules after succinylation. However, modifications were not found to affect granular integrity of starches. The pasting temperature reduced but peak viscosity increased after succinylation. The reduction in peak viscosity of succinylated–crosslinked Irri and Basmati starches was 89% and 47%, respectively, when compared to their succinylated counterparts, which could be attributed to formation of diphosphate linkages after crosslinking. The DSC analysis suggested improvement in granular stability after dual modification. After 7 days of cold storage, native starch gels were found to have significantly higher hardness in comparison with single‐ and dual‐modified starches.ConclusionsSignificant physicochemical alterations occurred after aforementioned dual modification. Findings suggest the use of succinylated–crosslinked rice starches in frozen foods, weaning baby foods, and soft confectionary products.Significance and noveltySuccinylation followed by crosslinking is a unique modification, which has never been reported on Pakistani Basmati and Irri rice starches. These findings provided fundamentals for the commercial applications of succinylated–crosslinked rice starches. Moreover, the use of inexpensive broken rice grains for preparation of dual‐modified starches could make product development cost‐effective.
Intramolecular Nitrene Insertion into Saturated C−H‐Bond‐Mediated C−N Bond Cleavage of a Coordinated NHC Ligand
Authors: Liu Yungen , Tse Chun‐Wai , Lam Kar‐Yee , Chang Xiao‐Yong , Guan Xiangguo , Chao Meng‐Yao , Huang Jie‐Sheng , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRuthenium(II) complexes bearing a tridentate bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) ligand reacted with iminoiodanes (PhI=NR) resulting in the formation of isolable ruthenium(III)–amido intermediates, which underwent cleavage of a C−N bond of the tridentate ligand and formation of an N‐substituted imine group. The RuIII–amido intermediates have been characterized by 1H NMR, UV/Vis, ESI‐MS, and X‐ray crystallography. DFT calculations were performed to provide insight into the reaction mechanism.
Continuous Production of Water‐Soluble Nanocrystals through Anti‐Solvent Precipitation in a Fluidic Device
Authors: Chen Qiaoshan , Hood Zachary D. , Qiu Jichuan , Guan Baohong , Xia Younan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper describes a simple and robust method for the continuous production of water‐soluble nanocrystals using anti‐solvent precipitation under diffusion control in a fluidic device. We use sodium chloride (NaCl) as an example to demonstrate the concept. In a typical process, aqueous NaCl and ethanol (the anti‐solvent) serve as the focused and focusing phases, respectively, for the generation of a coaxial‐flow system. Upon contact with each other, the rapid diffusion between water and ethanol leads to the formation of NaCl nanocrystals at the interface while a gradient in NaCl concentration is created along the flow direction. The nucleation and growth of NaCl nanocrystals can be readily tuned by varying the hydrodynamic parameters such as the ratio between the flow rates of the two phases and the total volumetric rate. By optimizing these parameters, we are able to produce NaCl nanocubes and nanospheres as small as 20 nm and 6 nm, respectively, while attaining a narrow distribution in size. We have also successfully generated KCl nanocrystals with similar controls, demonstrating the generality of this method for the production of water‐soluble nanocrystals.
Energy‐aware task scheduling with time constraint for heterogeneous cloud datacenters
Authors: Liu Xing , Liu Panwen , Hu Lun , Zou Chengming , Cheng Zhangyu 
Published: July 2019

SummaryEnergy optimization with time constraint has become a timely and significant challenge for the datacenters. In this paper, a hardware and software collaborative optimization strategy is implemented to minimize the energy cost while satisfying the time constraint of the datacenters. In the hardware aspect, a DVFS‐capable CPU/GPU/FPGA heterogeneous computing infrastructure is built. This infrastructure can adjust its hardware characteristics dynamically in terms of the software run‐time contexts so that the applications can be executed efficiently with less time and lower energy cost. In the software aspect, a deadline‐aware energy‐efficient task scheduling algorithm based on the Q‐learning approach is investigated. This algorithm can adjust its searching directions smartly in terms of the environment feedback so that it can achieve better optimization performance comparing with the traditional genetic algorithm. However, its convergence time is long due to the large amount of training work, making it inappropriate to be applied in the large‐scale datacenters. To ease this problem, we proposed another new algorithm named Rapid Local Convolution Optimization (RLCO) and combine it with the Q‐learning algorithm. By doing this, the convergence time of the Q‐learning mechanism can be decreased significantly. We conducted both the simulation and real‐world experiments to evaluate the performance of our approaches, and the results proved the proposed algorithm running on the DVFS‐capable heterogeneous hardware architecture could decrease the energy cost of the datacenter significantly even if the datacenter is in large scale.
Predicting therapy success from the outset: The moderating effect of insight into the illness on metacognitive psychotherapy outcome among persons with schizophrenia
Authors: de Jong Steven , Hasson‐Ohayon Ilanit , van Donkersgoed Rozanne J.M. , Timmerman Marieke E. , van der Gaag Mark , Aleman Andre , Marieke Pijnenborg G.H. , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe degree to which a person recognizes their mental disorder, attributes symptoms to the disorder, and recognizes that treatment may be necessary is frequently referred to as clinical insight. The current study investigates whether clinical insight at baseline moderates the effects on metacognitive capacity of 40 sessions of metacognitive reflection and insight therapy among 35 participants with psychosis. Findings showed that clinical insight did not predict drop‐out from therapy. Multilevel analyses provided support for our hypotheses that insight at baseline significantly moderates metacognitive gains at both postmeasurement and follow‐up. Our findings demonstrate that lacking clinical insight substantially hampers the effect of this psychosocial intervention. We posit that research efforts should shift from developing interventions, which enhance clinical insight, to interventions, which are effective in absence of clinical insight.
Transformation of Levulinic Acid to Valeric Biofuels: A Review on Heterogeneous Bifunctional Catalytic Systems
Authors: Yu Zhihao , Lu Xuebin , Xiong Jian , Ji Na 
Published: July 2019

AbstractValerate esters (VAEs) commonly derived from levulinic acid (LA), which is deemed as one of the most promising biomass platform molecules, have been hailed as “valeric biofuels” in recent years. The cascade transformation of LA to VAEs consists of a series of acid‐ and metal‐catalyzed processes alternately, in which heterogeneous bifunctional catalysts are required for better catalytic performance. The transformation pathway from LA to VAEs is presented, and bifunctional catalytic systems for the cascade transformation of LA into valeric acid (VA) and its esters, as well as one‐pot conversion processes, are reviewed. Additionally, effects of metal and acid sites on the catalytic performance are discussed in detail. Impacts of and improvements to coke deposition, which is determined to be the primary reason for the reduction in catalytic activity, are also analyzed. Finally, feasible suggestions are proposed for enhanced catalytic performance and a reduction in overall costs.
An adaptive‐aware energy and queue improvement of AOMDV
Authors: Yang Xiaoping , Li Mengjie , Wang Ping , Hu Yunfeng 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBecause the node energy and network resources in the wireless sensor network (WSN) are very finite, it is necessary to distribute data traffic reasonably and achieve network load balancing. Ad hoc on‐demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) is a widely used routing protocol in WSN, but it has some deficiencies: establishes the route by only using hop counts as the routing criterion without considering other factors such as energy consumption and network load; forwards route request in fixed delay resulting in building the nonoptimal path; and cannot update the path status after built paths. For the deficiency of AOMDV, this paper proposes a multipath routing protocol adaptive energy and queue AOMDV (AEQAOMDV) based on adaptively sensing node residual energy and buffer queue length. When sending a routing request, the forwarding delay of the routing request is adaptively adjusted by both the residual energy and the queue length of the intermediate node; when establishing routes, a fitness is defined as a routing criterion according to the link energy and the queue load, predicting the available duration of the node based on the energy consumption rate and adjusting the weight of the routing criterion by the available duration of the node; after the routes are established, the path information status are updated via periodically broadcasting Hello that carries the path information with the minimum fitness, making the source node update the path information periodically. By using NS‐2, simulations demonstrate that compared with AOMDV, AEQAOMDV has obvious improvements in increasing packet delivery ratio, reducing network routing overhead, reducing route discovery frequency, and decreasing the network delay. And AEQAOMDV is more suitable for WSN.
Characterization of therapeutic antibody fragmentation using automated capillary western blotting as an orthogonal analytical technique
Authors: Zhu Yunxiao , Ahluwalia Deepti , Chen Yingchen , Belakavadi Madesh , Katiyar Amit , Das Tapan K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFragmentation in protein‐based molecules continues to be a challenge during manufacturing and storage, and requires an appropriate control strategy to ensure purity and integrity of the drug product. Electrophoretic and chromatographic methods are commonly used for monitoring the fragments. However, size‐exclusion chromatography often suffers from low resolution of low molecular weight fragments. Electrophoretic methods like CE‐SDS are not compatible with enriching fragments for additional characterization tests such as MS. These limitations may result in inadequate control strategy for monitoring and characterizing fragments for protein‐based molecules. Capillary western blotting was used in this study as an orthogonal method for characterization of fragments in an IgG1 antibody under reduced conditions. To achieve a comprehensive mapping of various fragments generated by thermal stress, capillary western profiles were generated using recognition antibodies for IgG kappa (κ) light chain, Fc, and Fab regions that enabled unambiguous fragment identification. Additionally, three different enzymatic digestion methods (IdeS, PNGase F, and IgdE) were applied coupled with capillary western blotting for clip identifications. Finally, complementary data collected using traditional chromatographic and electrophoretic methods allowed to establish a comparison of analytical profiles with an added benefit of fragment identification offered by capillary western profiling. In addition to various Fc and Fab‐related low molecular weight fragments, a non‐reducible thio‐ether linked 75 kDa HL fragment was also identified.
Multiple change‐point models for time series
Authors: MacNeill I.B. , Jandhyala V.K. , Kaul A. , Fotopoulos S.B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe “Bayes‐type” method of deriving change‐point test statistics was introduced by Chernoff and Zacks (1964). Other authors subsequently adapted this approach and derived Bayes‐type statistics for at most one change (AMOC), and for multiple change points, under a variety of model formulations. Asymptotic distribution theory has always been limited to the AMOC statistics because of the perceived complexity of multiple change‐point statistics. In this article, it is shown that the Bayes‐type statistic derived to test for multiple change points is directly proportional to the AMOC statistic. This result immediately provides distributional results for Bayes‐type multiple change‐point statistics. In addition, it fundamentally alters the current understanding of the AMOC statistic. It follows from this result that the Bayes‐type statistic derived under AMOC conditions in fact tests for at least one change (ALOC), even though the statistic is derived under AMOC formulation. Under asymptotic consideration, the result also extends to the case of model errors following a stationary process. As an example, the classical Nile River data are revisited and analyzed for the presence of multiple change points.