bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Radical‐Enhanced Intersystem Crossing in an NDI‐TEMPO Dyad: Photophysics, Electron Spin Polarization, and Application in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wang Zhijia , Gao Yuting , Hussain Mushraf , Kundu Sushma , Rane Vinayak , Hayvali Mustafa , Yildiz Elif Akhüseyin , Zhao Jianzhang , Yaglioglu Halime Gul , Das Ranjan , Luo Liang , Li Jianfeng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA compact naphthalenediimide (NDI)–2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO) dyad has been prepared with the aim of studying radical‐enhanced intersystem crossing (EISC) and the formation of high spin states as well as electron spin polarization (ESP) dynamics. Compared with the previously reported radical–chromophore dyads, the present system shows a very high triplet state quantum yield (ΦT=74 %), a long‐lived triplet state (τT=8.7 μs), fast EISC (1/kEISC=338 ps), and absorption in the red spectral region. Time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy showed that, upon photoexcitation in fluid solution at room temperature, the D0 state of the TEMPO moiety produces strong emissive (E) polarization owing to the quenching of the excited singlet state of NDI by the radical moiety (electron exchange J>0). The emissive polarization then inverts into absorptive (A) polarization within about 3 μs, and then relaxes to a thermal equilibrium while quenching the triplet state of NDI. The formation and decay of the quartet state were also observed. The dyad was used as a three‐spin triplet photosensitizer for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (quantum yield ΦUC=2.6 %). Remarkably, when encapsulated into liposomes, the red‐light‐absorbing dyad–liposomes show good biocompatibility and excellent photodynamic therapy efficiency (phototoxicity EC50=3.22 μm), and therefore is a promising candidate for future less toxic and multifunctional photodynamic therapeutic reagents.
Anion Exchange of Ni–Co Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Nanoarrays for a High‐Capacitance Supercapacitor Electrode: A Comparison of Alkali Anion Exchange and Sulfuration
Authors: Zou Wenru , Guo Wenxin , Liu Xinyi , Luo Yunli , Ye Qinglan , Xu Xuetang , Wang Fan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA facile and new anion exchange process is presented, which involves the conversion of NiCo‐CO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheet arrays in an alkaline solution. The anion exchange between CO32− and OH− results in the construction of a reservoir for OH− anions, and the decoration of thin nanoflakes on the surface of nanosheets effectively enlarges the surface area of NiCo LDH nanoarrays. The capacitance of the as‐soaked NiCo LDH nanoarrays electrode increases from 1.78 F cm−2 (684 F g−1) to 6.22 F cm−2 (2391 F g−1) at 2 mA cm−2 after soaking for 12 h. Moreover, the soaked NiCo‐OH LDH electrode exhibits an enhanced rate capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and good cycling stability compared with the Ni–Co‐S nanosheet electrode synthesized through a hydrothermal sulfuration process. The as‐assembled all‐solid‐state NiCo LDH//active carbon asymmetric supercapacitor shows a maximum energy density of 83.4 W h kg−1 at a power density of 1066 W kg−1.
Ligand‐Assisted Back Energy Transfer in Luminescent TbIII Complexes for Thermosensing Properties
Authors: Yamamoto Masanori , Kitagawa Yuichi , Nakanishi Takayuki , Fushimi Koji , Hasegawa Yasuchika 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA luminescent TbIII complex with a hexafluoroacetylacetone (hfa) ligand shows a characteristic back energy transfer (BEnT), which leads to high temperature sensitivity and potential application as a thermosensitive paint. Ligand‐assisted BEnT was observed when a phosphine oxide ligand was introduced into Tb(hfa)3 complex, which was shown to affect the activation energy (ΔEa) and frequency factor (A) in the BEnT process between TbIII ion and hfa ligands. According to temperature‐dependent emission‐lifetime measurements of mononuclear Tb(hfa)3 complexes with monodentate phosphine oxides and polynuclear Tb(hfa)3 complexes with bidentate phosphine oxides, the ΔEa and A values of polynuclear TbIII complexes were smaller than those of mononuclear TbIII complexes. Phosphorescence spectra and lifetimes of each Gd(hfa)3 complex revealed that excited states of hfa ligands in TbIIIcomplexes differed from those of the polynuclear TbIII complexes and mononuclear TbIII complexes. The differences in the ΔEa and A values between polynuclear and mononuclear TbIII complexes were caused by the formation of different excited states, such as delocalization of the excited state in the polynuclear TbIII complexes and localization of excited states in the mononuclear TbIII complexes. In particular, small ΔEa and A values of polynuclear TbIII complexes provided high, effective activation of the BEnT at low temperature, which resulted in high‐sensitive temperature‐dependent phosphor materials over a wide temperature range.
Copper‐Catalyzed Trifunctionalization of Alkynes: Rapid Formation of Oxindoles Bearing Geminal Diboronates
Authors: He Tao , Li Bin , Liu Li‐Chuan , Wang Jing , Ma Wen‐Peng , Li Guang‐Yu , Zhang Qing‐Wei , He Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed trifunctionalization of alkynes that provides rapid access to oxindoles bearing a geminal diboronate side chain, highlighted by the simultaneous formation of one C−C bond and two C−B bonds, is reported. This new reaction features simple reaction conditions (ligand‐free catalysis), a general substrate scope, and excellent chemoselectivity. Mechanistic study revealed a reaction sequence constituted by, in the order, borylation, intramolecular cross‐coupling, hydroboration, which has been rarely documented.
Radical Cation Initiated Surface Polymerization on Photothermal Rubber for Smart Antifouling Coatings
Authors: Li Ruiting , Lian Xiaodong , Wang Zhen , Wang Yapei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBiofouling on surfaces of various materials has attracted considerable attention in biomedical and marine industries. Surface grafting based on covalent surface‐initiated polymerization offers a popular route to address this problem by providing diverse robust polymer coatings capable of preventing the biofouling in complex environments. However, the existing methods for synthesizing polymer coatings are complicated and rigorous, or require special catalysts, greatly limiting their practical applications. In this work, a radical‐cation‐based surface‐initiated polymerization protocol to graft the surface of darkened trans‐polyisoprene (TPI) rubber with a thermo‐responsive smart polymer, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), through a simple iodine doping process is reported. A series of characterizations were performed to provide adequate evidence to confirm the successful grafting. Combining the thermal sensitivity of PNIPAM with the photothermal conversion ability of the darkened rubber, efficient bacteria‐killing and antifouling capabilities were successfully achieved as a result of temperature‐controlled iodine release and switchable amphiphilicity of PNIPAM.
Can Bismuth Replace Mercury in Redox Transmetallation/Protolysis Syntheses from Free Lanthanoid Metals?
Authors: Guo Zhifang , Blair Victoria , Deacon Glen B. , Junk Peter C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTris(pentafluorophenyl)bismuth has been examined as a potential replacement for diarylmercurials in redox transmetallation/protolysis (RTP) syntheses of reactive rare earth compounds from free rare earth metals, HgAr2, and a proligand HL. Thus, the lanthanoid pyrazolates, [Ln(Ph2pz)3(thf)3] (Ph2pz=3,5‐diphenylpyrazolate; Ln=La, 1, Ce, 2, Nd, 3, Tb, 4; thf=tetrahydrofuran), [Ln2(Ph2pz)4(OMe)2(dme)2]⋅2 dme (Ln=Ho, 5, Er, 6, Tm, 7, Lu, 8; dme=1,2‐dimethoxyethane), [Ln(Ph2pz)3(dme)2] (Ln=Dy, 9, Sm, 10), [Ln(tBu2pz)3(thf)2] (tBu2pz=3,5‐di‐tert‐butylpyrazolate; Ln=La, 11, Ce, 12, Sm, 13, Gd, 14, Dy, 15, Ho, 16, Tm, 17, Yb, 18, Lu, 19), [Ln(ttfpz)3(thf)3] (ttfpz=3‐(2′‐thienyl)‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate; Ln=La, 20, Sm, 21), and [Er(PhMepz)3(thf)2] 22 (PhMepz=3‐phenyl‐5‐methylpyrazolate) have been prepared in good yields by redox transmetallation/protolysis reactions employing lanthanoid metals and trispentafluorophenylbismuth [Bi(C6F5)3]⋅0.5 diox (diox=1, 4‐dioxane) in donor solvents. This is a new and efficient synthetic route in which Bi(C6F5)3 replaces the commonly used Hg(C6F5)2 or HgPh2, and provides proof of concept for the method. [Ln2(Ph2pz)4(OMe)2(dme)2]⋅2 dme (5–8) complexes are derived from C−O bond activation of dme on crystallization of the initial products from this solvent, and are dimeric methoxide‐bridged species. Other structures are monomeric with η2‐bound pyrazolate ligands and nine‐coordinate metal atoms for complexes 1–4, 9–10 and 20–21, and eight‐coordinate metal atoms for complexes 11–19 and 22.
Upper‐Rim Monofunctionalisation in the Synthesis of Triazole‐ and Disulfide‐Linked Multicalix[4]‐ and ‐[6]arenes
Authors: Gardiner William H. , Camilleri Matthew , Martinez‐Lozano Luis A. , Bew Sean P. , Stephenson G. Richard 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCovalently linked multiple calixarenes are valued in supramolecular chemistry. This work reports an easy and versatile synthetic route to covalently linked double and triple calix[4]arene and calix[6]arenes by a novel DMF‐controlled selective alkylation of a convenient and readily available upper‐rim dimethylaminomethyl‐substituted tetrahydroxy and hexahydroxy calix[4]arene and ‐[6]arenes. Synthetic routes to upper‐rim functionalised redox active disulfide‐linked double‐, tetra‐ and peptidohybrid‐calixarenes employing either redox chemistry (CH2SH) or thiolates (CH2S−) are also opened up from the same key starting material.
Synthesis of Dihydroindoloisoquinolines through Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Nitroalkanes
Authors: Martín‐García Iris , Alonso Francisco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLately, the cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of tetrahydroisoquinolines and nitroalkanes has become a widely studied reaction in organic chemistry; the corresponding β‐nitroamines are generally formed irrespective of the catalysis and activation mode utilized. A quite distinct behavior was observed when the reaction was catalyzed by copper nanoparticles supported on titania, leading to the formation of 5,6‐dihydroindolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines with high selectivity and good yields. A meticulous reaction mechanism is proposed, based on experimentation, and discussed along with a key chemical modification of these compounds. Apparently, the catalyst effectiveness resides in its nanostructured character, outperforming the activity of the commercial copper catalysts.
[19]Dendriphene: A 19‐Ring Dendritic Nanographene
Authors: Vilas‐Varela Manuel , Fatayer Shadi , Majzik Zsolt , Pérez Dolores , Guitián Enrique , Gross Leo , Peña Diego 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of a threefold symmetric nanographene with 19 cata‐fused benzene rings distributed within six branches is reported. This flat dendritic starphene, which is the largest unsubstituted cata‐condensed PAH that has been obtained to date, was prepared in solution by means of a palladium‐catalyzed aryne cyclotrimerization reaction and it was characterized on surface by scanning probe microscopy with atomic resolution.
Neurons with diverse phenotypes project from the caudal to the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract
Authors: Travers Susan , Breza Joseph , Harley Jacob , Zhu JiuLin , Travers Joseph 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe nucleus of the solitary tract is a potential site for taste–visceral interactions. Connections from the caudal, visceral area of the nucleus (cNST) to the rostral, gustatory zone (rNST) have been described, but the phenotype of cells giving rise to the projection(s) and their distribution among rNST subdivisions are unknown. To determine these characteristics of the intrasolitary pathway, we injected pan‐neuronal and floxed AAV viruses into the cNST of mice expressing cre in glutamatergic, GABAergic, or catecholaminergic neurons. Particular attention was paid to the terminal field distribution in rNST subdivisions by simultaneously visualizing P2X2 localized to gustatory afferent terminals. All three phenotypically identified pathways terminated in rNST, with the density greatest for glutamatergic and sparsest for catecholaminergic projections, observations supported by retrograde tracing. Interestingly, cNST neurons had more prominent projections to rNST regions medial and ventral to P2X2 staining, i.e., the medial and ventral subdivisions. In addition, GABAergic neurons projected robustly to the lateral subdivision and adjacent parts of the reticular formation and spinal trigeminal nucleus. Although cNST neurons also projected to the P2X2‐rich central subdivision, such projections were sparser. These findings suggest that cNST visceral signals exert stronger excitatory and inhibitory influences on local autonomic and reflex pathways associated with the medial and ventral subdivisions compared to weaker modulation of ascending pathways arising from the central subdivision and ultimately destined for the forebrain.
Synthesized fault diagnosis method reasoned from rough set‐neural network and evidence theory
Authors: Yang Guang , Yu Shuofeng 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWhen traditional machinery fault diagnosis methods are used to handle diagnostic problems, the problems such as low diagnosis accuracy and bad real‐time capability will arise if there are lots of data and various complex faults. An integrated fault diagnosis reasoning strategy based on fusing rough sets, neural network, and evidence theory is presented using the principles of data fusion and meta‐synthesis. Firstly, use the the parallel neural network structure to improve diagnosis ability of the local diagnosis networks; preprocess the data with rough set theory to simplify the complex neural networks; and eliminate redundant properties in order to determine the topological structure of network. By this way, the shortcomings of network, such as large scale and slow classification, can be overcome. Secondly, a new objectified method of basic probability assignment is given. Besides, the accuracy and efficiency of the fault diagnosis can be improved obviously according to the various redundant and complementary fault information by using the combination rule of the evidence theory to synthesize and make decisions on the evidence. The example of rotating machinery diagnostic given in the paper proves the method to be feasible and available.
Scalable and optimal planning based on Pregel
Authors: Jiang Zhihua , Rao Dongning 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAutomated planning generates plans for specific tasks. Optimal planning aims at generating optimal plans under global constraints. As a result, the divide‐and‐conquer method is not applicable for optimal planning. Therefore, engineering applications of optimal planning face the scalability issue. Fortunately, cloud computing tools are on the shelf. For example, the Apache Spark is an engine for big data processing. It supports the Pregel for scalable computing. Therefore, we proposed an optimal Planning method based on the Pregel, called the PbP. Unlike classical planning, the PbP method uses the Pregel as the computation model, instead of the traditional state‐space searching. The core idea is to transform planning problems into graph processing problems. Specifically, actions are mapped into vertices, partial orders between actions are mapped into edges between vertices, and states are mapped into messages. Furthermore, the planning is viewed as message propagating in the graph, and plan traces are stored as attributes of vertices. Experimental results showed the feasibility of the proposed method PbP. Moreover, compared with state‐of‐the‐art optimal planners, our approach is more scalable and faster.
Fog learning for cultivating critical thinking in information seeking process
Authors: Haghparast Mahboobeh , Abdullah Noorhidawati , Nasaruddin Fariza Hanum 
Published: October 2018

SummaryFog computing has been emerged as a promising paradigm with the different applications from industry to academic area. In this paper, we proposed a new concept, namely fog learning with the aim of addressing the critical thinking as a demanding issue in academic area. Due to the distributed architecture of our fog learning model, it can be used anywhere, anytime, and with the minimum latency in comparison with the existing mobile and cloud learning models to foster the critical thinking. To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, we applied the Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI) as well as the acceptance test. We firstly showed that more than 74% of participants suffered from lack of critical thinking. Moreover, the participants indicated that they use several critical thinking skills during information seeking process, which shows there are relationships between critical thinking skills and the information seeking processes. According to the relationships between critical thinking skills and the information seeking processes, we designed a prototype for cultivating of critical thinking on the basis of fog learning. The results of the prototype evaluation emphasized on its positive role to foster critical thinking.
A multi‐granularity locking scheme for java packedobjects based on a concurrent multiway tree
Authors: Yang Bing , Kent Kenneth B. , Aubanel Eric , MacKay Stephen , Agila Tobi 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we develop a multi‐granularity locking scheme for Java PackedObjects, an experimental enhancement introduced in IBM's J9 Java Virtual Machine. The packed object model organizes data in a multi‐tier manner in which object data can be nested in the container object instead of being pointed to by an object reference, as in the traditional Java object model. This new object data model creates new challenges for multi‐tier data synchronization, requiring concurrent locks on the multi‐tier data of different granularities for maintaining consistency. This is different from the traditional Java synchronization model. In this paper we make use of a concurrent multiway tree to represent the containing and ordering relationship between PackedObjects at different tiers and develop an efficient multi‐granularity locking scheme allowing multiple threads to concurrently manipulate the concurrent multiway tree for synchronization operations. In the evaluation, we compare our new tree‐based multitierSync with the previous multitierSync approaches based on linked‐lists (optimized‐list‐based and lazy‐list‐based). The experimental results show that the tree‐based MultitierPackedSync outperforms the list‐based approaches considerably in different workloads, and the higher the workload, the better the performance gains achieved by the tree‐based MultitierPackedSync.
Retracted: Intelligent medical IoT system based on WSN with computer vision platforms
Authors: Liu Feng , Chen Zhigang , Wang Jie 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWith the development of wireless transmission technology, wireless sensor network technology has been widely used in various fields of the society. This paper introduces the wireless sensor network into the medical care systems, we put forward a medical image based on wireless sensor network system. It can transmit the patient's physiological parameters and image data to the medical monitoring base station through the communication network, so that the patient's pathological development can be tracked dynamically, so as to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. Based on the theory of wireless sensor network, current situation and trend in China's medical care, we described the application of wireless sensor network technology in the remote medical monitoring system, broaden the ideas for the application of wireless sensor network in the remote medical monitoring system. The difficulty of wireless sensor network is the design of network architecture, operation system with the communication protocol and application software. Our proposed framework can deal with the challenges with satisfactory results. The proposed methodology is compared with the other latest methodologies to test the overall performance of the model.
A novel low‐cost smart energy meter based on IoT for developing countries' micro grids
Authors: Srivatchan N.S. , Rangarajan P. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe increasing demand for energy calls for traditional power grids to become smarter. In developing countries, the challenge is to build smart grids by integrating renewable energy sources into the existing power systems with the help of micro grids. In this paper, a novel low‐cost smart energy meter (SEM) is proposed for online energy measurement and billing. The proposed SEM is based on the Internet of things with LoRa‐WiFi, which increases the connectivity range and reduces dependence on Internet access. A dedicated Android application provides a friendly communication between the user and the utility company. The proposed measurement system enables the user to get real‐time supply voltage, current, and power consumption directly into their smart phones. The proposed SEM also helps energy companies become aware of possible thefts and faults and to provide reliable service to their customers.
A scheduling selection process for energy‐efficient task execution on DVFS processors
Authors: Rauber Thomas , Rünger Gudula 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe efficient execution of parallel programs with respect to execution time and energy consumption is a major concern, and often, scheduling methods are used to achieve a good performance. In this article, we consider the problem of scheduling a set of independent tasks on a parallel system with homogeneous execution units providing frequency scaling. The set of tasks has the property that the tasks exhibit a task‐specific inhomogeneous and non‐linear behavior of their specific time‐energy relation. In addition, it is assumed that execution time and energy consumption behave in a non‐linear manner with respect to frequency scaling. For the assignment of these tasks to execution units, we propose a scheduling selection process combining scheduling algorithms, which determine a task assignment, with a subsequent selection of frequency scaling, which we call schedule execution modes. This process builds a rich set of alternative schedule execution modes from which efficient (or Pareto‐optimal) schedule execution modes can be selected. Experiments are done for the SPEC CPU benchmarks. Experimental results illustrate that the enriched scheduling process leads to task assignments resulting in an efficient execution on DVFS processors.