bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P‐Hologen: An End‐to‐End Generative Framework for Phase‐Only Holograms
Authors: Park JooHyun , Jeon YuJin , Kim HuiYong , Baek SeungHwan , Kang HyeongYeop 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHolography stands at the forefront of visual technology, offering immersive, three‐dimensional visualizations through the manipulation of light wave amplitude and phase. Although generative models have been extensively explored in the image domain, their application to holograms remains relatively underexplored due to the inherent complexity of phase learning. Exploiting generative models for holograms offers exciting opportunities for advancing innovation and creativity, such as semantic‐aware hologram generation and editing. Currently, the most viable approach for utilizing generative models in the hologram domain involves integrating an image‐based generative model with an image‐to‐hologram conversion model, which comes at the cost of increased computational complexity and inefficiency. To tackle this problem, we introduce P‐Hologen, the first end‐to‐end generative framework designed for phase‐only holograms (POHs). P‐Hologen employs vector quantized variational autoencoders to capture the complex distributions of POHs. It also integrates the angular spectrum method into the training process, constructing latent spaces for complex phase data using strategies from the image processing domain. Extensive experiments demonstrate that P‐Hologen achieves superior quality and computational efficiency compared to the existing methods. Furthermore, our model generates high‐quality unseen, diverse holographic content from its learned latent space without requiring pre‐existing images. Our work paves the way for new applications and methodologies in holographic content creation, opening a new era in the exploration of generative holographic content. The code for our paper is publicly available on https://github.com/james0223/P-Hologen.
iShapEditing: Intelligent Shape Editing with Diffusion Models
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Juyong , Chen Falai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in generative models have enabled image editing very effective with impressive results. By extending this progress to 3D geometry models, we introduce iShapEditing, a novel framework for 3D shape editing which is applicable to both generated and real shapes. Users manipulate shapes by dragging handle points to corresponding targets, offering an intuitive and intelligent editing interface. Leveraging the Triplane Diffusion model and robust intermediate feature correspondence, our framework utilizes classifier guidance to adjust noise representations during sampling process, ensuring alignment with user expectations while preserving plausibility. For real shapes, we employ shape predictions at each time step alongside a DDPM‐based inversion algorithm to derive their latent codes, facilitating seamless editing. iShapEditing provides effective and intelligent control over shapes without the need for additional model training or fine‐tuning. Experimental examples demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our method in terms of editing accuracy and plausibility.
Effect of interdisciplinary obesity care on metabolic markers and body weight in people with type 2 diabetes in a rural setting: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Murfet Giuliana O. , Robertson Iain K. , Luccisano Sharon P. , Kilpatrick Michelle L. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryManagement of type 2 diabetes includes medications that can unintentionally increase obesity and insulin resistance. This unblinded, single‐centre, randomised controlled trial focused on rural Australian adults with type 2 diabetes (aged 18–75 and body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m2), measuring the effectiveness of a tailored interdisciplinary obesity care approach compared with usual diabetes care. Led by a nurse practitioner with allied health support (dietitian ± psychologist and physiotherapist), the bariatric treatment involved reducing weight‐gaining medications, a 500‐calories/day deficit, an unsupervised exercise program emphasising movement/strength and psychotherapy, 3‐monthly to 24‐months with support phone calls at weeks 2, 4, 8 and 10. Outcomes from the 224 (113 intervention/111 control) participants were differences in biomedical and physical markers within‐ and between‐groups estimated using multivariate mixed‐effects linear regression between recruitment and 6‐monthly follow‐ups. Greater change occurred in intervention compared with control groups at 12 and 24 months in mean: body weight (−5.9 kg [95% confidence interval, CI: −8.53, −3.23] and −9.0 kg [95% CI: −13.2, −4.77]); BMI (−2.03 kg/m2 [95% CI: −2.92, −1.15] and −3.51 kg/m2 [95% CI: −4.93, −2.08]); and glycated haemoglobin (−0.26% [95% CI: −0.69%, 0.18%] and −0.63% [95% CI: −1.17%, 0.08%]). The control group showed a significant increase in mean leptin level, resulting in a between‐group difference (−27.1 [95% CI: −42.7, −11.5]). Lipids and blood pressure differences were inconclusive, while exploratory analysis showed greater decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in the control group. The interdisciplinary obesity approach, compared with usual diabetes care, resulted in sustained weight loss and improved diabetes control over 2 years. Trial registration number: ACTRN12622000240741.
Total and appendicular body composition comparisons between near‐infrared reactance spectroscopy and dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry
Authors: Brandner Caleb F. , Compton Abby T. , Swafford Sydney H. , Aultman Ryan S. , Vallecillo‐Bustos Anabelle , Newsome Ta'Quoris A. , Renna Megan E. , Thorsen Tanner , Stavres Jon , Graybeal Austin J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundNear‐infrared reactance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become increasingly popular in personal and professional settings now that it has been adapted to provide comprehensive body composition assessments. However, whether NIRS agrees with criterion methods remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed to determine the agreement between NIRS and DXA‐derived body composition estimates.MethodsNinety‐seven participants completed body composition assessments using DXA, and first‐generation (NIRSG1), second‐generation (NIRSG2), and muscle‐specific NIRS (NIRSFIT) devices. On a separate day, a subset of participants (n = 63) performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) on a handgrip dynamometer, which were used in conjunction with total appendicular lean mass (ALM) estimates to provide ratios (MVC/total ALM or MVC/ALM of the arms only) depicting muscle quality index (MQI).ResultsFat mass, fat‐free mass, body fat %, and ALM, from NIRSG2, but not bone mineral content (BMC), and NIRSFIT demonstrated equivalence (using equivalence tests) with DXA with R2 from 0.83 to 0.97; though BMC revealed concordance coefficients of 0.83 and an R2 of 0.88. MQI using total ALM from NIRS was not equivalent to DXA, but demonstrated low root mean squared error (0.08 kg/kg) and 95% limits of agreement (±0.21 kg/kg). Indices of visceral adipose tissue (iVAT) from NIRSG1 and NIRSG2 were significantly different (p < 0.001), but were both significantly associated with DXA VAT (NIRSG1 R2: 0.53; NIRSG2 R2: 0.62; both p < 0.001).ConclusionNIRS appears to demonstrate acceptable agreement with DXA and continual improvements could make NIRS a viable alternative for comprehensive body composition assessments.
Novel Scoring System for Ranking Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Baxter‐Lowe Lee Ann , Wang Tao , Kuxhausen Michelle , Spellman Stephen R. , Maiers Martin , Lee Stephanie , Saultz Jennifer , Arrieta‐Bolaños Esteban , Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Bolon Yung‐Tsi , Betts Brian C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhen human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched donors are not available for hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT), there are no well‐accepted guidelines for ranking 7/8 HLA‐matched unrelated donors to achieve optimal transplant outcomes. A novel scoring system for ranking HLA mismatches for these donors was investigated.MethodsHigh‐resolution HLA types were used to determine amino acid mismatches located in the HLA antigen‐recognition domain. The location and physicochemical properties of mismatched amino acids were used to assign scores for peptide binding, T‐cell receptor docking, and HLA structure/function. The scores were tested using a cohort of 2319 patients with leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome who received their first unrelated donor transplant using conventional graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis between 2000 and 2014. Donors were 7/8 HLA‐matched with a single HLA Class I mismatch. Primary outcomes were overall survival and acute GVHD.ResultsThe scores did not significantly (p < 0.01) associate with transplant outcomes, although a Peptide Score = 0 (i.e., no differences in peptide binding; N = 146, 6.3%) appears to have lower transplant‐related mortality (TRM) compared to higher scores (p = 0.019). HLA mismatches with Peptide Score = 0 were predominately HLA‐C*03:03/03:04 (62%), previously reported to be a permissive mismatch, and a group of 28 other HLA mismatches (38%) that showed similar associations with TRM.ConclusionsThis study suggests that HLA mismatches that do not alter peptide binding or orientation (Peptide Score = 0) could expand the number of permissive HLA mismatches. Further investigation is needed to confirm this observation and to explore alternative scoring systems for ranking HLA mismatched donors.
Comparing machine learning and deep learning models to predict cognition progression in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bernal Edgar A. , Yang Shu , Herbst Konnor , Venuto Charles S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD) varies widely. While models to predict cognitive progression exist, comparing traditional probabilistic models to deep learning methods remains understudied. This study compares sequential modeling techniques to identify cognitive progression in individuals with and without PD. Using data from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative, shallow Markov, deep recurrent (long short‐term memory [LSTM]), and nonrecurrent (temporal fusion transformer [TFT]) models were compared to predict cognitive status over time. Cognitive status was categorized into normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Predictions were made annually for up to 3 years using clinical data, including demographics, cognitive assessments, PD severity, and medical history. Each approach was evaluated using inverse probability weighted (IPW‐) F1 scores. An ensemble method combined outputs from the Markov, LSTM, and TFT models. The dataset included 917 individuals (53% PD; 30% at risk for PD; 17% Healthy Controls). The TFT model outperformed others across all annual periods (IPW‐F1 = 0.468) compared to the Markov (IPW‐F1 = 0.349) and LSTM (IPW‐F1 = 0.414) models, with improved performance using an ensemble approach (IPW‐F1 = 0.502). For MCI and dementia predictions, which were rarer occurrences compared to NC status (ratios: 50:8:1), the TFT model consistently outperformed competing models, achieving IPW‐F1 scores of 0.496 and 0.533 for MCI and dementia, respectively. In conclusion, sequential deep learning models like TFT, which mitigate long‐term memory loss and can interpret complex, high‐dimensional data, perform best overall in predicting clinically important cognitive transitions. These methods should be further explored for predicting degenerative conditions.
The International and Local Politics of the Rural Environmental Registry: Brazil's Green Currency
Authors: Horn Claudia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSince the 2000s, rural elites have engaged in ‘greening’ the Amazon extractive frontier. Private and state‐led initiatives have consolidated the agro‐industrial system by incentivizing compliance and effectively legalizing deforestation. Brazil's Rural Environmental Registry (Cadastro Ambiental Rural — CAR) is fundamental to ‘sustainable producer’ initiatives and international and local carbon markets. Since its emergence at the end of the 1990s, it has been funded and promoted by European countries and the World Bank through the G7 Pilot Programme for the Conservation of Brazilian Rainforests and the Amazon Fund. This analysis draws on a critical political economy approach and several years of multi‐site interviews, participant observation and archival research to illuminate how donor and recipient agencies have sustained territorial and georeferencing technologies as an international state project to enable the green economy, despite political shifts and the inherent contradictions of this instrument. The article shows how ecological modernization technologies enable the ‘greening’ of agro‐industry expansion while exacerbating land conflicts and marginalizing Indigenous and traditional peoples’ collective land rights.
Effect of remimazolam on oxygen reserve compared with propofol during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: Randomized controlled study
Authors: Lee Kyuho , Jung Da Hyun , Lee Sung Jin , Yoo Young Chul , Shin Sung Kwan 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesPropofol is commonly used for endoscopic sedation. However, it can induce adverse hemodynamic effects. Remimazolam is known to have a fast onset and short duration comparable to that of propofol, but with fewer effects on hemodynamics. We assessed the Oxygen Reserve Index to verify whether a sedative dose of remimazolam would better preserve oxygenation in the mild hyperoxic range than propofol in sedated patients undergoing diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.MethodsPatients scheduled for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to either the remimazolam or propofol groups and received 0.1 mg/kg remimazolam or 0.5 mg/kg propofol, respectively. Bolus injections of either 0.05 mg/kg remimazolam or 0.25 mg/kg propofol were added if required. The primary outcome was the prevalence of oxygen reserve depletion, defined as the Oxygen Reserve Index decreasing to 0.00, and hypoxia defined as peripheral oxygen saturation falling to <94%.ResultsAmong 69 patients, the incidence of oxygen reserve depletion was significantly higher in the propofol group (65.7% vs. 38.2%, P = 0.022). Hypoxia was frequently observed in the propofol group, whereas none was observed in the remimazolam group (11.4% vs. 0%, P = 0.042). Additional sedative injections were frequently required to complete endoscopy in the propofol group. None of the patients in the remimazolam group required airway interventions. Nausea was frequent in the propofol group in the recovery room.ConclusionOur results indicate that remimazolam is a safe and useful sedative for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Enacting Civic‐Minded Early Childhood Pedagogy in the Context of Chauvinistic Education Legislation
Authors: Erickson Joy Dangora , Thompson Winston C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAmid efforts to limit “divisive concepts” in educational settings, this article investigates the obstruction of a civic‐focused early childhood curriculum. Joy Dangora Erickson and Winston Thompson analyze the challenges faced by a resourceful kindergarten teacher striving to uphold curriculum goals despite constraints imposed by the state legislature. Through an empirically informed exploration of political and pedagogical factors, this conceptual analysis elucidates the moral complexities of risks, costs, and outcomes as educators navigate non‐ideal political conditions. By doing so, the authors provide valuable insights to scholars and practitioners, suggesting productive avenues for future research on these and related dilemmas of practice.
Internal Validation of the Latvian Version of 16‐Item Prodromal Questionnaire in A Help‐Seeking Adolescent Population: Psychometric Analysis and Associated Factors
Authors: Germanenko Ilana , Vrublevska Jelena , Bezborodovs Nikita , Rancans Elmars 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe prodromal phase of a psychotic disorder is a period of altered functioning before the onset of the acute state; several interviews have been developed to determine whether individuals present with prodromal symptoms. The 16‐item Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ‐16) is a screening tool for evaluating those at risk of developing a psychotic disorder. The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Latvian version of the PQ‐16 in a sample of help‐seeking adolescents referred for diagnostic assessment and look for possible associated socio‐demographic and health‐related factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional study included patients admitted for evaluation between November 2022 and February 2023 in Riga's Children's Clinical University Hospital Child Psychiatry clinic. The data were collected during outpatient consultations by mental health professionals. We used the Latvian translation of PQ‐16 and the socio‐demographic and health‐related factors questionnaire. Data were analysed with IBM SPSS 28; the scale's diagnostic accuracy and internal validity were examined.ResultsThe study involved 107 adolescents aged 12% to 17%, 80.5% female, with a mean age of 14.98 (CI 14.70–15.26). Socio‐demographic data and health‐related variables did not significantly differ between the sexes (p > 0.05). The Latvian PQ‐16 demonstrated excellent internal reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.890. All 16 items were found to be valid with p < 0.001. A significant number of participants (73.8%) scored above the current cut‐off of ≥ 6 with a mean of 9.17 (95% CI 8.41–9.93). Certain socio‐demographic factors, such as female gender (p < 0.001), fair school performance (p = 0.048) and recent changes in school performance (p < 0.001), demonstrated a significant association with higher scores. Additionally, there were found significant associations between positive screening and health‐related factors such as obstetric complications (p = 0.044), smoking (p = 0.002), alcohol consumption (p = 0.021), history of bullying in school (p < 0.001) and emotional abuse at home (p = 0.011).ConclusionsLatvian translation of PQ‐16 showed high internal reliability and validity levels. Positive PQ‐16 screening was associated with female gender, worsened school performance, obstetric complications, substance abuse and experienced emotional violence. The average score of 9.17 positive answers and 73.8% of participants screening positive for attenuated psychotic symptoms is significantly higher than in recent studies under similar conditions.
Acoustic Emission–Based Shear Fracture Characterization of Ultra‐High‐Performance Concrete With Varying Steel Fiber Contents
Authors: Liu Zixian , Fang Menghan , Jiao Yubo , Chen Yaojia , Yang Hua , Wu Qifan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the shear fracture behaviors in ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) under direct shear conditions using Z‐shaped specimens and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. The effect of steel fiber (SSF) contents (1%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%) on the failure process and the relative slip of cracks at different loading stages were measured and evaluated. The results indicate that increasing the SSF content significantly enhances the ultimate shear stress and ductility, effectively limits crack propagation and formation, and reduces the extent of damage for UHPC. During the failure process, an increase in the SSF content results in higher cumulative AE energy and a tendency for the peak frequency to shift towards the low‐frequency range. Additionally, increasing the SSF content expands the range of wavelet entropy values and delays the occurrence of wavelet entropy. Due to the reinforcement effects of SSF, the primary crack type evolved from shear to tensile during the failure process.
Stress–Strain Response of AISI H13 Steel Subjected to Cyclic Thermomechanical Loading
Authors: Wu Boya , Liu Meichen , Xu Guocai , Li Junwan , Wu Xiaochun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the stress–strain behavior of AISI H13 hot work die steel under thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) conditions. An electromagnetic‐thermal‐mechanical coupled finite element model was established to analyze the temperature and stress evolution during TMF cycles. Experimental results reveal that as TMF cycles increase, the hysteresis loop areas expand, and maximum tensile and compressive stress values decrease, indicating cyclic softening of AISI H13 steel. After undergoing TMF, observations show martensitic lath recovery and carbide coarsening along boundaries. Numerical results indicate thermal cycles cause temperature field inhomogeneity along the axial direction, which leads to a non‐uniform distribution of internal stresses along the longitudinal axis. Besides, the TMF lifetime under numerical simulation is comparable to that obtained through experiments. Based on experimental and simulation data, four life prediction models are employed, with the Ostergren model showing the highest consistency with a reliability factor of 1.2.
Unraveling University EFL Teachers’ Feedback Beliefs in Teaching English Argumentative Writing
Authors: Wei Xing , Zhang Lawrence Jun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTeachers’ beliefs about feedback can affect both the way they provide feedback and its effectiveness in improving students’ writing proficiency. However, research remains scant on belief–practice relationships. This study attempted to fill the gap by investigating such relationships with a sample of 112 Chinese university EFL teachers in teaching argumentative writing. Data were collected through a writing feedback beliefs and practices questionnaire, an argumentative writing teaching beliefs questionnaire, and semi‐structured interviews. The participants were selected using convenience sampling from six universities in Northern China. Quantitative data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis, multiple regression, and repeated measures ANOVA to examine the characteristics of these teachers’ writing feedback beliefs and the relationships between the beliefs and relevant practices. Qualitative data from the interviews were analyzed thematically to gain deeper insights into the belief–practice relationships. Results indicated that most teachers believed their feedback was crucial for improving students' argumentative writing, particularly regarding communicative purposes, discourse organization, linguistic expressions, argument construction, and rhetorical techniques. However, a discrepancy was noted between teachers' feedback beliefs and their practices, especially concerning linguistic expressions. These findings highlight the need for targeted support to better align teachers' feedback beliefs with their practices for more effective teaching of EFL writing.