bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“¿Pertenece a Chile?”. Civilización y desierto, rentismo y subordinación: la formación del territorio nacional en el extremo sur del Perú (Tarapacá 1827-1877)
Authors: Castro Luis Castro , Ruíz Inmaculada Simón 
Published: March 2019

Se revisa y analiza el proyecto político del Estado peruano de hacer de Tarapacá, la provincia más meridional del país durante el siglo XIX, parte integrante del territorio nacional. Bajo esta perspectiva, se pone atención tanto en las categorías georeferenciales y culturales de civilización y desierto desplegadas por las expediciones de Bollaert y Raimondi, mandatadas respectivamente por el subprefecto Ramón Castilla y el presidente José Rufino Echenique, como en los rasgos de subordinación y rentismo que utilizó el aparato político-administrativo para articular asimétricamente la relación Estado-Región.*** “Pertence ao Chile?”. Civilização e deserto, rentismo e subordinação: a formação do território nacional no extremo sul do Peru (Tarapacá 1827-1877) ***Revisão e análise do projeto político do Estado peruano de fazer de Tarapacá, a província mais meridional do País durante o século XIX, uma parte integrante do território nacional. Sob essa perspectiva, são enfatizadas as categorias georeferenciais e culturais de civilização e deserto implantadas pelas expedições de Bollaert e Rai mondi, organizadas (respectivamente pelo subprefeito Ramón Castilla e pelo presidente José Rufino Echenique), como os traços da subordinação e rentismo que utilizou o aparelho político-administrativo para articular assimetricamente a relação estado-região.Palavras-chave: Território nacional. Civilização. Deserto. Subordinação. Rentismo.
Uma história social da expertise em direitos humanos: trajetórias transnacionais dos profissionais do direito na Argentina
Authors: Vecchioli Virginia 
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho trata sobre a incorporação da expertise em direitos humanos na Argentina a partir da análise das trajetórias sociais de vários grupos de profissionais do direito que promoveram e fizeram possível que os direitos humanos ganhassem um lugar de destaque na agenda pública e nas políticas de Estado desde o início da democracia no País. A análise mostra o valor-chave que teve a confluência entre a legitimidade adquirida pelo conhecimento experto em direitos humanos a partir da inclusão de advogados argentinos nas redes transnacionais de juristas, da profissionalização do ativismo de direitos humanos e da participação de algumas das suas lideranças em posições-chaves na estrutura do Estado. A importação desta forma de expertiseproduziu transformações tanto no âmbito do Estado como nas formas de compreender o engajamento em causas públicas. Ao longo de um extenso processo, que será descrito aqui, conformou-se uma nova elite jurídica e política.
Minimizing makespan of Personal Scheduling problem in available time-windows with split-min and setup-time constraints
Authors: TRANG SON HONG , HUYNH NGUYEN TUONG , TRAN LANG VAN 
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with personal scheduling problem in available time-windows with split-min and setup-time constraints. The jobs are splitable into sub-jobs and a common lower bound on the size of each sub-job is imposed. The objective function aims to find a feasible schedule that minimizes the maximum completion time of all jobs. The proposed scheduling problem was proved to be strongly NP-hard by a reduction to 3-SAT problem in the preliminary results. We propose in this paper an exact method based on MILP model to find optimal solution, some heuristics to find feasible solution and a meta-heuristic based on tabu search algorithm to find good solution. The computational results show the performance of proposed exact method, some heuristics and tabu search algorithm.
ON THE TESTING MULTI-VALUED MARTINGALE DIFFERENCE HYPOTHESIS
Authors: Tuyên Lục Trí 
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a definition of Multi-Valued Martingale Difference (MVMD) based on Castaing representation of a multi-valued martingale that consists of martingale difference selections. Testing the Multi-Valued Martingale Difference Hypothesis (MVMDH) then examined. Testing the Martingale Difference Hypothesis (MDH) earlier was based on linear measures then later developed two directions in order to account for the existing nonlinearity in economic and financial data. First, the classical approaches have been modified by take into account the possible nonlinear dependence. Second, the use of more sophisticated statistical tools such as those based generalized spectral analysis. According to this article, both these developments in MDH are modified for MVMDH and applies them to exchange rate data and returns of stock market data.
The Effects of Wheat Flour and Barley Flour on the Quality and Properties of Biscuits Colored with Synthetic and Natural Colorants
Authors: EL-BELTAGI Hossam S. , AMER Abeer A. , ALI Rehab F. M. , MOUSA Somia M. , ABDEL-RAHIM Emam 
Published: March 2019

Biscuit is one of the most popular processed ready to eat snacks that have possesses several attractive features including wide consumer base, relatively less expensive, more convenient with long shelf-life and have ability to serve as vehicles for important nutrients. It’s usually available in different sizes, tastes and shapes. It can also be enriched or fortified with other ingredients in order to meet specific nutritional or therapeutic needs of consumers. In recent years, numerous studies have shown the potential of utilizing natural plant such as green leafy vegetable in cookies and biscuit production; the potential of amaranthus leaves used as a source of iron and β-carotene inpakora, vada, namakpal, kurmure, biscuit and cake. The present research was carried out to throw the light on the effect of wheat flour and barley flour with natural and synthetic colors to improve chemical composition, the nutritional value and quality characteristics of producing biscuits. The results indicate that that treatment 100% barley flour 72% with turmeric and cocoa as a natural colors recorded a significant increase in the content of protein, ash, minerals such as iron, zinc, potassium, magnesium and some physical analysis like weight, volume, density as well as sensory evaluation. As compared with wheat flour 72% and synthetic color tartrazine ADI 7.5 mg/kg.bw and chocolate brown ADI 0.15 mg/kg.bw. In conclusion, results showed that barley flour improved nutritional quality, physical characteristics and sensory characteristics of produce biscuit with mixture natural and natural color.
Introduction Pages
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E. 
Published: March 2019

Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 1, Volume 11, 2019: The papers published in this issue (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro/index.php/nsb/issue/current) represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting researches, we invite readers to find news about: The role of DNA Methylation in perennial plants; Peste des petits ruminants: Aetiology, pathology, immunology, disease status in Africa, diagnosis, control, prevention and treatment; Phytotherapy and polycyclic logging: implication on genetic multiplicity and diversity of African mahogany in tropical rainforest; Insight into re-emergence of cassava brown streak disease: the need to explore diverse approaches for effective control; Microbiological characterization of grilled meat “Tchatchanga” in Cotonou (Southern Benin): Enumeration, isolation and resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; Development of shoot cultures from leaf explant of Portulaca quadrifida L.; Evaluation of in vitro shoot elongation and rooting of date palm, and determination of physiological characteristics of regenerated plantlets; Maturation and germination of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) somatic embryos; Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects of black brand of lipton tea (Camellia sinensis) on normal male albino rats.
Cutaneous Toxicity After Chemoradiotherapy and PD-L1 Inhibition in Two Patients with Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: More than Meets the Eye
Authors: van den Ende Tom , Menting Stef P. , Ambarus Carmen A. , van Oijen Martijn G.H. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W.M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Dermatological adverse events have frequently been reported after immune checkpoint inhibition. When an adverse event occurs during combination of immune checkpoint inhibition with chemotherapy, the question arises which agent is responsible. Unnecessary withdrawal of either chemotherapy or immunotherapy could lead to suboptimal treatment outcomes. Here we report on two patients who developed a cutaneous drug reaction with fever during treatment with paclitaxel, carboplatin, radiotherapy, and PD-L1 inhibition (atezolizumab) for resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma. In the first case atezolizumab was suspected, and in the second paclitaxel. We discuss the clinical manifestation, treatment, and pathophysiology underlying both cases.
Diagnosis and Management of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Renal Toxicity: Illustrative Case and Review
Authors: Sise Meghan E. , Seethapathy Harish , Reynolds Kerry L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies directed at negative regulatory components on T cells, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), and its ligand, programmed cell death ligand-1. ICIs initate antitumor immunity; however, these agents are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that may affect a variety of organs. Renal irAEs most commonly present with asymptomatic acute kidney injury (AKI), which is often detected by routine laboratory testing. The severity of AKI associated with irAEs ranges from mild (grade 1–2) to severe (grade 3–4). It is often challenging to diagnose because this group of patients often have multiple reasons to have AKI (dehydration, sepsis, or nephrotoxic medication exposure). We present an illustrative case of a 60-year-old man with metastatic melanoma who presented with AKI during treatment with nivolumab and review the literature to address frequently asked questions concerning the diagnosis and management of renal irAEs in patients with advanced cancer. Importantly, most patients will recover completely, and some may tolerate a rechallenge of ICI therapy, with prompt and effective treatment.

Key Points
Renal immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are less frequently reported than other irAEs; however, it is possible that available data underestimate their true incidence because of missed diagnoses and under-reporting. Although severe renal irAEs are more easily detected, smaller rises in creatinine may not be appreciated or may be attributed to other causes, because the differential diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with cancer is broad. Baseline creatinine should be established prior to beginning immune checkpoint inhibitorss (ICIs), and it should be monitored with every cycle. If a patient develops AKI, the ICI should be held while the evaluation is pursued. A thorough workup of suspected renal irAEs must exclude other potential causes of AKI such as infection, dehydration, urinary tract obstruction, and nephrotoxin exposure. Acute kidney injury after ICI therapy does not appear to be more common in patients with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 mL per min per 1.73 m. One particular concern, however, is that those with baseline renal disease have less “renal reserve,” and repeated AKI events may push a patient closer to end-stage renal disease. Thus, clinicians must exert caution when rechallenging patients with pre-existing renal disease with ICI therapy in the event of a prior AKI from ICI-related allergic interstitial nephritis.
Anlotinib Versus Sunitinib as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhou Ai-Ping , Bai Yuxian , Song Yan , Luo Hong , Ren Xiu-Bao , Wang Xiuwen , Shi Benkang , Fu Cheng , Cheng Ying , Liu Jiyan , Qin Shukui , Li Jun , Li Hanzhong , Bai Xianzhong , Ye Dingwei , Wang Jinwan , Ma Jianhui 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Anlotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor inhibiting angiogenesis. This multicenter, randomized phase II trial aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in comparison with sunitinib as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Materials and Methods
Patients with mRCC from 13 clinical centers were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive anlotinib (n = 90) or sunitinib (n = 43). Anlotinib was given orally at a dose of 12 mg once daily (2 weeks on/1 week off), and sunitinib was given orally at 50 mg once daily (4 weeks on/2 weeks off). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety.

Results
The median PFS was similar with anlotinib and sunitinib (17.5 vs. 16.6 months, p &gt; .05). The median OS (30.9 vs. 30.5 months, p &gt; .05), ORR (30.3% vs. 27.9%), and 6-week DCR (97.8% vs. 93.0%) were similar in the two groups. Adverse events (AEs) of grade 3 or 4 were significantly less frequent with anlotinib than with sunitinib (28.9% vs. 55.8%, p &lt; .01), especially in terms of thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. AEs occurring at a lower frequency with anlotinib were hand-foot syndrome, eyelid edema, hair depigmentation, skin yellowing, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. The incidence of serious AEs was lower with anlotinib than with sunitinib.

Conclusion
The clinical efficacy of anlotinib was similar to that of sunitinib as the first-line treatment for mRCC, but with a more favorable safety profile.
Usage of BV Seeds as an Alternative Pre-crystallization Technique in Production of Synbiotic Sugar-free Dark Chocolate: Effect of Quality Characteristics
Authors: TOKER Ömer Said , GENÇ POLAT Derya 
Published: March 2019

Pre-crystallization process in chocolate
production requires high investment cost and it is employed with multistage
thermal processes. Improper tempering process results in fat bloom main quality
defect of the chocolate products. Seeding is an alternative tempering process
and it is performed by addition of bV and/or bVI seeds, extracted by chocolate or cocoa butter,
to chocolate or chocolate products. In
the present study, synbiotic dark chocolate was produced by inulin (DP&lt;10)
used as a prebiotic fiber at concentarion of 9.00 g / 100 g and probiotic L. acidophilus. Effect of different bV concentrations
(0.50-1.50 g/100 g) on the quality parameters and viability of probiotics was
observed. Probotic enrichment (9.0 log cfu/25 g) was performed after conching
process. During production process, 0.50-1.50 log cfu/25 g vitality loss was
observed and application of seeding technique caused to decrease in probiotic
level (P&lt;0.05). The other quality
parameters, namely, water activity, water content, colour properties (L*, C*,
h°, WI), hardness, rheological
parameters (yield stress and plastic viscosity) and sensory properties were not
negatively affected by seeding technique. Higher vitality level can be obtained
by optimization of seeding process such as shear rate.
Investigation of Surface Temperature Differentiation of Fagus and Quercus Stands by Using Landsat Images
Authors: KUŞÇU ŞİMŞEK Çağdaş , DOĞAN Osman 
Published: March 2019

While
climatic features of regions affect the variety of tree species and their
structures, the vegetation structures of the regions are effective on micro
climate. In this study, thermal differentiations in the Fagus and Quercus stands which are homogenous in structure and are found within the
boundaries of Mercanköşk Forest
Sub-District Directorate in Şile are presented.

The surface temperature data which is obtained by Landsat TM-5 and Landsat
8 - ETM thermal images during 2011, 2013, 2014 and 2015 is compared
statistically in relation to data obtained from the stand. According
to the results obtained, it has been found out that there is a difference of
surface temperature up to 2.4°C among tree types. This surface temperature difference which is within the boundaries of forest
sub-district directorate having similar regional features has an
undeniable effect in terms of climate. It has been thought that using this
information as a regional inventory in the preparatory studies within the scope
of tackling with global warming will be effective on the success to be
achieved.
Göğüs ağrısı olan mitral kapak prolapsuslu çocuk hastalarda gastroözofageal reflü birlikteliği
Authors: ÇELİK Serkan Fazlı , SEVİNÇ Eylem , ÇELİK Elif , DOĞAN Erkan 
Published: March 2019

Giriş ve Amaç: Göğüs ağrısı ve mitral kapak prolapsusu olan çocuklarda fonksiyonel gastrointestinal hastalıkların göğüs ağrısıyla ilişkisini araştıran az sayıda çalışma vardır. Bu çalışmada mitral kapak prolapsusu olan çocuklarda göğüs ağrısı ve gastroözofageal reflü hastalığı arasındaki ilişkiyi tanımlamayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya, tipik üst gastrointestinal sistem semptomları ve göğüs ağrısı tanımlayan, hafif ile orta mitral kapak prolapsusu olan 70 çocuk hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar sekiz hafta süreyle anti-reflü ilaç tedavisi ile tedavi edildi. Tedaviden önce ve sonra hastalar gastroözofageal reflü hastalığı etki ölçeği ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 13.24±2.81 yıldı ve 32'si (%60) kızdı. 30 hastanın semptomları 6 haftadan daha fazla ve 40 hastanın semptomları 6 haftadan az süredir mevcuttu. Tüm hastaların ortalama semptom süresi 8±2.2 haftaydı. En çok bildirilen semptom göğüs ağrısı (%89.9) ve ardından regürjitasyon (%50) idi. Kronik gastroözofageal reflü olan çocuklarla karşılaştırıldığında, yeni gastroözofageal reflü tanısı alan çocuklarda anlamlı olarak daha sık ve ciddi semptomlar vardı. Mitral kapak prolapsusunun şiddeti ile semptomlar arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı. Gastroözofageal reflü hastalığı etki ölçeği skorları, tedaviden sonra tüm hastalarda istatistiksel olarak azalmıştı (p &lt;0.01). Her iki hasta grubu tedaviden fayda sağlasa da, gastroözofageal reflü hastalığı yeni saptanan hastalar, kronik hastalardan daha fazla tedaviden fayda gördüler. Sonuç: Mitral kapak prolapsusu ve göğüs ağrısı olan birçok çocuk hastada semptomatik gastroözofageal reflü hastalığı mevcuttur. Gastroözofageal reflünün spesifik tanısı ve tedavisi çoğu hastada göğüs ağrısını hafifletmiştir.
Ülseratif Kolitli Hastalarda Paraoksonaz 1 ve Arilesteraz Seviyeleri ve Bu Parametrelerin Hastalık Aktivitesi ile İlişkileri
Authors: GÖKBULUT Volkan , DURSUN Hakan , KAPLAN Mustafa , ÖZTAŞ Erkin 
Published: March 2019

Giriş
ve Amaç: Bu çalışmada ülseratif kolitli hastalarda serum
paraoksonaz 1 ve arilesteraz düzeyleri ve bu parametrelerin hastalık aktivitesi
ile ilişkileri araştırıldı. Gereç
ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 38 aktif dönemde ülseratif kolit hastası ve 38
sağlıklı kontrol grubu hastası dahil edildi.
Çalışma grubu hastalarından hem aktif dönemde hem de remisyon sağlanınca
paraoksonaz 1 ve arilesteraz enzim aktiviteleri
çalışıldı. Paraoksonaz 1 ve arilesteraz enzim aktiviteleri aktif
dönem, remisyon dönemi ve kontrol grubu arasında kıyaslandı. Bulgular:
Çalışma grubu hastalarının yaş ortalaması 40.3±14.6 yıl (19-78) olup hastaların
20’si erkek (%52.6) ve 18’i kadın (%47.4) idi. Kontrol grubu hastalarının demografik
özellikleri çalışma grubuna benzerdi. Aktif dönemdeki ülseratif kolit hastalarının
ortalama serum paraoksonaz 1 değeri
65.8±15.0 U/L, ortalama serum arilesteraz değeri
ise 151.0±236.6 U/mL olarak tespit edildi. Remisyon
dönemindeki hastalarda ortalama serum paraoksonaz
1 değeri 82.4±58.4 U/L, ortalama serum arilesteraz
değeri
ise 94.1±134.6
U/mL olarak
tespit edildi. Kontrol grubundaki hastalarda ortalama serum paraoksonaz 1 değeri 131.7±63.5 U/L, ortalama
serum arilesteraz değeri ise 287.3±295.6
U/mL olarak tespit edildi. Ülseratif kolitli hastalarda ortalama paraoksonaz 1 ve arilesteraz düzeyleri aktif ve remisyon dönemi arasında istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı fark göstermedi (p&gt;0.05). Aktif ve remisyon dönemindeki ülseratif
kolitli hastalarda ortalama paraoksonaz 1
ve arilesteraz değerleri kontrol
grubundaki sağlıklı bireylere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde düşük
bulundu (p&lt;0.05). Sonuç:
ülseratif
kolitli hastalarda paraoksonaz 1 ve arilesteraz aktivitelerinin kontrol grubuna göre istatiksel
olarak anlamlı şekilde azaldığı ancak hastalık aktivitesi ile paraoksonaz 1 ve arilesteraz aktiviteleri arasında ilişki bulunmadığı
gösterilmiştir.
Feasibility of solar-powered ultrafiltration membrane water treatment systems for rural water supply in Malaysia
Authors: Chew Chun Ming , David Ng K. M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
According to the World Bank's collection of development indicators, in 2017 approximately 25% of Malaysia's population were living in rural villages. Some of these villages are currently without electricity from the national grid and public piped water supply. In this study, a solar-powered ultrafiltration membrane water treatment system was installed at a rural village in Perak, Malaysia, to identify its feasibility. The ultrafiltration system was evaluated and compared with a conventional sand/media filtration water treatment system at the same location. Various aspects of both systems such as operational parameters, life-cycle cost and carbon emissions have been analyzed under this study. The distinct advantages of the ultrafiltration system include better filtrate turbidity quality (below 0.4 NTU), and lower operational cost and carbon emission. By utilizing a cross-flow filtration operation mode, the UF system does not require a daily intermittent backwash sequence, unlike the conventional system, to further simplify the daily operational routine. Accessibility of clean water supply for all has been heavily emphasized by the United Nations General Assembly (under sustainable development goal number 6) to ensure public health. This comprehensive study highlights the feasibilities of solar-powered ultrafiltration membrane water treatment systems for rural villages in Malaysia.
3D Printing in Pharmaceuticals: Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Mirza Mohd. A. , Iqbal Zeenat 
Published: March 2019

Background:
The last few decades have witnessed enormous advancements in the field of Pharmaceutical
drug, design and delivery. One of the recent developments is the advent of 3DP technology. It has earlier
been successfully employed in fields like aerospace, architecture, tissue engineering, biomedical research, medical
device and others, has recently forayed into the pharmaceutical industry.Commonly understood as an additive
manufacturing technology, 3DP aims at delivering customized drug products and is the most acceptable form
of“personalized medicine”.

Methods:
Data bases and search engines of regulatory agencies like USFDA and EMA have been searched thoroughly
for relevant guidelines and approved products. Other portals like PubMed and Google Scholar were also
ferreted for any relevant repository of publications are referred to wherever required.

Results:
So far only one pharmaceutical product has been approved in this category by USFDA and stringent
regulatory agencies are working over the drafting of guidelines and technical issues. Major research of this
category belongs to the academic domain.

Conclusion:
It is also implicit to such new technologies that there would be numerous challenges and doubts
before these are accepted as safe and efficacious. The situation demands concerted and cautious efforts to bring in
foolproof regulatory guidelines which would ultimately lead to the success of this revolutionary technology.