bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicast routing under quality of service constraints for vehicular ad hoc networks: mathematical formulation and a relax‐and‐fix heuristic
Authors: Ribeiro Celso C. , Santos Tiago de A. , de Souza Cid C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a multicast routing problem with quality of service constraints on ad hoc vehicular networks. An integer programming formulation for the problem is proposed that forms the basis of a relax‐and‐fix heuristic designed with the goal of producing feasible solutions of good quality. In addition, preprocessing procedures relying on simple and constrained shortest paths are developed that reduce the model size to the point of making it viable to compute. Computational experiments on benchmark instances generated to mimic realistic settings are reported. The results highlight the effectiveness of the relax‐and‐fix heuristic and the importance of the preprocessing routines for the computability of the proposed mathematical model.
Spatial difference of drought effect on photosynthesis of leaf subtending to cotton boll and its relationship with boll biomass
Authors: Zhao Wenqing , Wang Rui , Hu Wei , Zhou Zhiguo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe leaf subtending to a cotton boll (LSCB) is vital to boll development and biomass, but few studies have examined the effects of drought on the source capacity of LSCBs on different fruiting branches (FBs). To investigate the response of LSCB photosynthesis on different FBs and the relationship of boll biomass to drought, a drought experiment was performed with three treatments: well‐watered (WW, soil water relative content [SRWC] 75 ± 5%), mild drought (MD, SRWC 60 ± 5%), and severe drought (SD, SRWC 45 ± 5%). Despite photosynthetic active radiation increasing under drought conditions, the pre‐dawn leaf water potential, net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and maximum quantum yield in PSII (Fv/Fm) under MD and SD significantly decreased when compared with WW, with a more pronounced decrease observed on upper FBs. Additionally, the maximum sucrose and hexose levels in LSCBs increased under drought conditions, whereas the maximum starch content decreased on FB10–11, but showed a varied trend on FB2–3 and FB6–7. Although carbohydrate levels in the LSCBs increased, biomass per cotton boll decreased. More importantly, the ratio of cotton boll biomass was significantly correlated to the maximum sucrose content ratio on each FB, indicating that sucrose allocation was important to cotton boll biomass. Cotton boll biomass notably decreased on upper FBs, but was maintained on lower FBs, indicating that drought promoted carbon allocation in older bolls. Thus, LSCBs and cotton bolls on upper FBs were more affected under drought conditions due to decreased photosynthesis and carbohydrate allocation.
Phylogenetic diversity in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot reflects environmental filtering and past niche diversification of trees
Authors: Bose Ruksan , Ramesh Brahmasamudra Ranganna , Pélissier Raphaël , Munoz François 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimWe examined how contrasted climatic conditions influenced the ecological and phylogenetic diversity of tropical trees at the regional scale. Beyond the basic expectation of greater environmental filtering in currently stressful contexts, we addressed how biogeographic history and past climates contributed to shaping the distribution and diversity of extant taxa.LocationEvergreen forests of Western Ghats, India.MethodsWe evaluated the relative importance of niche‐based, historical, and spatial processes on community phylogenetic structure and turnover in 297 plots including 459 species. If niche conservatism prevails, we expected greater phylogenetic clustering under harsher or historically less stable climates, and overdispersion in opposite conditions. To test the role of environmental filtering in shaping local communities, we assessed species’ climatic niches and congruence between niche and phylogenetic diversity. To assess the imprint of ancient versus recent evolutionary constraints, we calculated mean pair‐wise (MPD) and nearest‐taxon (MNTD) phylogenetic distances, respectively.ResultsWe found non‐random phylogenetic structure depending on both current and past climatic variation. Basal community phylogenetic structure (MPD) was related to niche diversity and varied according to hydric stress: (a) northern environments filtered more closely related species, while (b) phylogenetic overdispersion suggested greater niche differentiation in stable, least‐seasonal southern habitats and at high elevations. Terminal phylogenetic structure (MNTD) did not show overdispersion. Phylogenetic turnover was driven by current abiotic factors, not space.Main conclusionsThe patterns of ecological and phylogenetic diversity likely reflect the Miocene climate shift to increasing seasonality northwards. Phylogenetic clustering under hydric stress or historical instability suggests the influence of functional conservatism, whereas overdispersion in southern forests supports the persistence of old lineages in an ancient rain forest refugium as an evolutionary museum. Overdispersion in fragmented montane forests reflects a mixture of biogeographically distinct species pools, both tropical and temperate, that characterise environmentally contrasted cores and fringes. Low phylogenetic turnover along the seasonality gradient suggests recent ecological diversification across forests with contrasted rainfall seasonality.
Protease‐activated receptor‐1 contributes to renal injury and interstitial fibrosis during chronic obstructive nephropathy
Authors: Waasdorp Maaike , de Rooij Dennis M. , Florquin Sandrine , Duitman JanWillem , Spek C. Arnold 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEnd‐stage renal disease, the final stage of all chronic kidney disorders, is associated with renal fibrosis and inevitably leads to renal failure and death. Transition of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) into mesenchymal fibroblasts constitutes a proposed mechanism underlying the progression of renal fibrosis and here we assessed whether protease‐activated receptor (PAR)‐1, which recently emerged as an inducer of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), aggravates renal fibrosis. We show that PAR‐1 activation on TECs reduces the expression of epithelial markers and simultaneously induces mesenchymal marker expression reminiscent of EMT. We next show that kidney damage was reduced in PAR‐1‐deficient mice during unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) and that PAR‐1‐deficient mice develop a diminished fibrotic response. Importantly, however, we did hardly observe any signs of mesenchymal transition in both wild‐type and PAR‐1‐deficient mice suggesting that diminished fibrosis in PAR‐1‐deficient mice is not due to reduced EMT. Instead, the accumulation of macrophages and fibroblasts was significantly reduced in PAR‐1‐deficient animals which were accompanied by diminished production of MCP‐1 and TGF‐β. Overall, we thus show that PAR‐1 drives EMT of TECs in vitro and aggravates UUO‐induced renal fibrosis although this is likely due to PAR‐1‐dependent pro‐fibrotic cytokine production rather than EMT.
Identification of a 4‐mRNA metastasis‐related prognostic signature for patients with breast cancer
Authors: Xie Xinhua , Wang Jianwei , Shi Dingbo , Zou Yutian , Xiong Zhenchong , Li Xing , Zhou Jianhua , Tang Hailin , Xie Xiaoming 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMetastasis‐related mRNAs have showed great promise as prognostic biomarkers in various types of cancers. Therefore, we attempted to develop a metastasis‐associated gene signature to enhance prognostic prediction of breast cancer (BC) based on gene expression profiling. We firstly screened and identified 56 differentially expressed mRNAs by analysing BC tumour tissues with and without metastasis in the discovery cohort (GSE102484, n = 683). We then found 26 of these differentially expressed genes were associated with metastasis‐free survival (MFS) in the training set (GSE20685, n = 319). A metastasis‐associated gene signature built using a LASSO Cox regression model, which consisted of four mRNAs, can classify patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups in the training cohort. Patients with high‐risk scores in the training cohort had shorter MFS (hazard ratio [HR] 3.89, 95% CI 2.53‐5.98; P < 0.001), disease‐free survival (DFS) (HR 4.69, 2.93‐7.50; P < 0.001) and overall survival (HR 4.06, 2.56‐6.45; P < 0.001) than patients with low‐risk scores. The prognostic accuracy of mRNAs signature was validated in the two independent validation cohorts (GSE21653, n = 248; GSE31448, n = 246). We then developed a nomogram based on the mRNAs signature and clinical‐related risk factors (T stage and N stage) that predicted an individual's risk of disease, which can be assessed by calibration curves. Our study demonstrated that this 4‐mRNA signature might be a reliable and useful prognostic tool for DFS evaluation and will facilitate tailored therapy for BC patients at different risk of disease.
Effect of a computerized decision support system on potentially inappropriate medication prescriptions for elderly patients in Thailand
Authors: Prasert Vanida , Shono Aiko , Chanjaruporn Farsai , Ploylearmsang Chanuttha , Boonnan Keerataphan , Khampetdee Apinan , Akazawa Manabu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe prescription of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) is a global issue associated with increased adverse drug events, mortality, and health care expenditure. Computerized decision support system (CDSS) for the detection of PIM is a novel alert system in Thailand for reducing PIM prescriptions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a CDSS on PIM prescriptions for elderly patients in Thai community hospitals.MethodsThe study design comprised two phases with a duration of 12 months each: pre‐CDSS implementation (October 2015‐March 2016) and post‐CDSS implementation (October 2016‐March 2017). Medical services and prescription claims data from four hospitals were used to calculate the prevalence of PIM prescriptions among elderly patients aged 60 years and older. Chi‐square tests were used to analyse changes in PIM prescriptions across hospitals post CDSS.ResultsThe overall prevalence of PIM prescriptions post‐CDSS implementation significantly decreased from 87.7% to 74.4%. The severity of mild and moderate PIMs was significantly reduced from 71.9% to 49.0% and from 64.5% to 48.7%, respectively. All hospitals had only one severe PIM, which was hyoscine. It was reduced from 4.7% to 1.5%, but the change was not significant (P = 0.74). The proportion of frequently prescribed PIMs in all PIM levels was significantly decreased, regardless of existing alternative medications.ConclusionsSpecific CDSS for PIM in community hospital setting was associated with a reduction of PIM prescription in elderly patients. This CDSS can change physician's prescription behaviour to avoid inappropriate medications.
Population ageing in a globalized world: Risks and dilemmas?
Authors: Khan Hafiz T.A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThis article aims to examine global population ageing and to evaluate the likely risks and dilemmas of demographic ageing within the context of the health and well‐being of individuals.MethodsThis paper is based on the author's research in the field of social gerontology, demography, and public health. In addition, a literature review has been carried out focused on the objectives of the research.ResultsThe study has identified potential risks and dilemmas that the older people may face in the globalized world. There are four main aspects that contribute to an unequal distribution of risks in later life: (a) burden of disease in epidemiological transition, (b) financial security in retirement, (c) familial resources for older peoples' care, and (d) availability of workforce for older peoples' care. Whilst population ageing is a global trend, its impact is not equal across the world, and this is highlighted in this research. There are some important dilemmas which are identified in this paper that may also fuel the potential risks and challenges facing ageing societies.ConclusionsIt is apparent that older people will face numerous risks in later life and those in developing countries are likely to face more challenges than those in developed countries. The findings may be useful to policymakers for formulating future plans and policy implementation. Further research is required to identify the number of health care workers needed to tackle the challenges of an ageing societies across the globe.
Implementing guideline‐checklists: Evaluating health care providers intentional behaviour using an extended model of the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Appleby Ben E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesInternationally, clinical guidelines as checklists are increasingly used in acute ward practice to standardize the delivery and raise the quality of care on acute hospital wards. However, when guideline‐checklists are implemented repeatedly, health providers' intentions to carry out this type of behaviour are not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate nurses' and health care assistants' (HCAs) intentions to implement a “care round checklist”; a guideline‐intervention repeated hourly on hospital wards. Furthermore, an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model's usefulness in explaining this type of behaviour was also evaluated.MethodsA theory‐informed questionnaire, guided by the TPB, habit, and clinical context variables, was developed to measure the guideline‐checklist behaviour. Quantitative questionnaire data were analysed using descriptive and inferential tests to establish differences in nurses' and HCAs' intentions and the predictive value of the model.ResultsA sample of 270 nurses and HCAs returned questionnaires from 24 wards in a major hospital in England. The extended TPB model explained 20% of nurses and 24% of HCAs reported intentions to implement a care round checklist, a modest proportion of intent. Attitude and perceived control best predicted nurses' intentions, and attitude and practice habit HCAs' intentions. TPB belief variables helped explain why nurses and HCAs intentions were different.ConclusionsStatistically, the extended TPB model highlighted that nurses and HCAs intentions to implement this type of guideline are predicted by different variables. This implied professional “role” as an important variable in explaining differences in intentions, which should be evaluated and integrated into the future design of this type of checklist. Further variables could be added to explain and learn more about intentional thinking for this type of behaviour and should help to develop a theoretical understanding of intentions underpinning this type of behaviour and ultimately improve patient care.
Exploring the physical, functional, thermal, and textural properties of bee pollen from different botanical origins of India
Authors: Thakur Mamta , Nanda Vikas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBee pollen from different botanical sources (viz., coconut, coriander, rapeseed, and multi‐floral) of India were first time evaluated to determine the physical, functional, thermal, and textural properties. Coriander pollen showed the highest equivalent diameter (2.72 mm), surface area (23.28 mm2), 1,000‐pollen pellet weight (8.14 g), and porosity (66.67%) among all samples. The analysis of functional properties revealed the maximum water‐ and oil‐holding capacity (0.72% and 2.13 g/g, respectively) and emulsion activity and stability (46.76 and 26.32%, respectively) in coconut pollen. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the similar pattern of thermal degradation among samples on heating from 40 to 700 °C. Texture profile analysis (TPA) showed the maximum hardness (39.88 N) and gumminess (1,572.66 N) in coconut pollen whereas cohesiveness showed a positive correlation with springiness (r = .98) and chewiness (r = .95). Principal component analysis identified four principal components (92.02% variance) to differentiate the bee pollen and cluster analysis classified the pollen samples into four groups successfully.Practical applicationsCurrently, the bee pollen has been consumed as a natural dietary supplement in the form of either fresh or dried pellet. The present investigation explores the physical, functional, thermal, and textural properties of bee pollen to demonstrate its potential in food processing. Data of this study may help the engineers to design the equipment for cleaning, grading, separation, drying, storage, and transportation of bee pollen. Results indicated the potential of bee pollen as a mouthfeel‐enhancing and flavor retaining agent and recommended its exploitation as a natural food additive in products like ice‐cream, cake, marshmallow, mousse, whipped cream, etc., to improve their nutritional, functional, and textural characteristics.
Trends in Hospital Deaths in Denmark from 1980 to 2014, at Ages 50 and Older
Authors: Carollo Angela , Verdiell Nuria Calduch , Hale Jo Mhairi , Andersen‐Ranberg Karen , Lindahl‐Jacobsen Rune , Oksuzyan Anna 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo explore temporal trends and individual‐level determinants of hospital deaths at ages 50 and older in Denmark from 1980 to 2014.DesignIndividual‐level register‐based retrospective study.SettingDenmark, 1980 to 2014.ParticipantsAll deaths that occurred in Denmark from 1980 to 2014 among individuals 50 years or older (N = 1 834 437), extracted from population registers.MeasurementsA death was defined as a hospital death if the individual was admitted to the hospital as an inpatient and the date of discharge from the hospital is equal to the date of death.ResultsThe percentage of hospital deaths decreased in both sexes (all ages combined, men: 56% to 44%; women: 49% to 39%) and at ages 50 to 79, remained almost unchanged at ages 80 to 89, and increased in the oldest age group (90+ men: 27% to 32%; women: 18% to 24%). We observed increasing trends of hospital deaths for three groups, people 90 years and older, dying from respiratory diseases, and who had terminal hospitalizations lasting 1 to 3 days. Subanalysis of all hospital deaths according to length of the terminal hospitalizations suggests that the overall reduction of hospital deaths might be driven by a reduction in hospitalizations that were longer than 1 week. Persons who are married, have middle or high income, have a history of hospitalizations in the year before death, or die because of respiratory diseases have higher odds of dying in a hospital.ConclusionResults provide evidence that Danes 50 years and older are increasingly dying outside the hospital context. We find three age‐specific patterns in the proportion of hospital deaths. Changes in healthcare and social systems implemented in Denmark during the observation period may underlie the broader reduction in hospital deaths in the country. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:471–476, 2019.
Omaha System‐based discharge guidance improves knowledge and behavior in Mainland Chinese patients with angina who are not receiving interventional treatment: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xiao Shiqi , Fan Ling , Dai Heng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo test the effectiveness of discharge guidance based on the theoretical framework of the Omaha System on Mainland Chinese patients with angina without interventional treatment.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted on 150 Mainland Chinese patients with angina without interventional treatment between December, 2015 and September, 2016. The participants were randomly allocated to discharge guidance based on the Omaha System or usual care. The participants were assessed with the self‐designed Problem Rating Survey Scale, including three dimensions and seven items. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.81. The 7‐item‐level content validity index was 0.80–1.00 and the scale‐level content validity index was 0.94.ResultsThe scores of the outcome measures differed significantly between the two groups at all three time points (admission day; 3 days before discharge; discharge day) and increased gradually. Improvements in knowledge, behavior , and the total score of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group. An improvement in status did not differ significantly.ConclusionThe Omaha System‐based discharge guidance is effective at enhancing knowledge and behavior in patients from Mainland China with angina without interventional treatment.
From stem cells protection to skin microbiota balance: Orobanche rapum extract, a new natural strategy
Authors: Meunier Marie , Scandolera Amandine , Chapuis Emilie , Lambert Carole , Jarrin Cyrille , Robe Patrick , Chajra Hanane , Auriol Daniel , Reynaud Romain 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundHealthy skin is a delicate balance between skin renewal and microbiota homeostasis, and its imbalance promotes premature aging and dermatological disorders. Skin stem cells are key actors in this process but their sensitivity to aging and external stressors such as UV reduces the skin renewal power. The skin microbiota has been recently described as active in the healthy skin, and its imbalance could trigger some disorders.AimsWe hypothesized that reactivation of stem cells and maintenance of microbiota could be a disruptive strategy for younger and healthier skin. We thus developed a new plant extract that restores the entire skin renewal process by sequential activation from stem cells stimulation to microbiota protection.MethodsWe studied stem cells comportment in the presence of Orobanche rapum extract by survivin immunocytochemistry and caspases 3 and 9 dosages. We also analyzed epidermal differentiation markers by immunohistochemistry and lipids organization by GC/MS At the clinical level, we investigated the impact of O. rapum extract on microbiota and on skin aspect.ResultsWe demonstrated an active protection of skin stem cells through the maintenance of their clone‐forming capacity and resistance to UV through the overexpression of survivin coupled to caspases inhibition. Furthermore, we showed the restoration of epidermal differentiation markers and ceramide biosynthesis favorable to orthorhombic organization. Clinical studies, including microbiota analysis, showed an active skin surface renewal coupled with microbiota protection.ConclusionWe evidenced that our active ingredient is able to stimulate skin rejuvenation while protecting the cutaneous microbiota, creating healthier skin and thereby beauty.
Colletotrichum species associated with cassava anthracnose in China
Authors: Liu Xianbao , Shi Tao , Li Boxun , Cai Jimiao , Li Chaoping , Huang Guixiu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnthracnose caused by Colletotrichum (CAD) is an economically important disease of cassava; however, research on its species diversity and geographical distribution of Colletotrichum in China remains limited. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic diversity of Colletotrichum isolates associated with symptomatic leaf tissues of cassava from Guangxi and Yunnan provinces in China and aimed to confirm their identification using advanced techniques. Based on multi‐locus phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characteristics, we identified four species from the isolates, comprising C. plurivorum, C. karstii, C. fructicola and C. siamense, and we found variation in degrees of virulence among the species and between cassava varieties. Our results are the first to report these species from cassava, and they provide a basis for the development of management strategies for CAD in cassava.