bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repellent activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Tagetes minuta and their specific volatiles against Megalurothrips sjostedti
Authors: Diabate Seydou , Martin Thibaud , Murungi Lucy Kananu , Fiaboe Komi K. M. , Subramanian Sevgan , Wesonga John , Deletre Emilie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCowpea is an important source of protein for people in Africa. However, the crop suffers major damage and yield losses due to bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Although companion plants are known to reduce the damage caused by insect pests, the role of their volatiles in repelling pests from target plants has been the subject of few investigations. Here, we used the Y‐tube olfactometer experiments and chemical analyses to investigate the effect of volatiles from cowpea flowers and two companion plants; lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus and Mexican marigold, Tagetes minuta on the olfactory responses of M. sjostedti. The results revealed that M. sjostedti males and females were repelled by the volatiles from freshly cut leaves of C. citratus. The combination of freshly cut leaves of C. citratus and cowpea flower was repellent to females but not to males. The female thrips, but not males, were repelled by the volatiles from the vegetative stage of T. minuta. Fifty‐four compounds were identified in the volatiles from two herbal plants. Among the major compounds, citral and a 4‐component blend comprised of dihydrotagetone, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, limonene and (Z)‐β‐ocimene repelled females but dihydrotagetone alone attracted females. While myrcene combined with cowpea flower volatiles enhanced the attraction of females M. sjostedti, when tested alone was not attractive. These results highlight the potential of volatiles from C. citratus and T. minuta to repel M. sjostedti females. The use of these plants as companion plants in a cowpea cropping system could reduce M. sjostedti infestation.
Hole‐in‐the‐head disease in discus fish, Symphysodon (Heckel, 1840): Is it a consequence of a dietary Ca/P imbalance?
Authors: Amesberger‐Freitag Alessandra , Tichy Alexander , El‐Matbouli Mansour , Lewisch Eva 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHole‐in‐the‐head (HITH) disease‐affected fish develop characteristic lesions in the skin above sensory pores of the head and the trunk. This study investigated whether an unfavourable Ca/P ratio in the diet could provoke lesions consistent with HITH disease in discus fish Symphysodon (Heckel, 1840) as a comparable condition to secondary hyperparathyroidism of tetrapod species. Two groups of five fish were fed a plain beef heart diet (Ca/P of 0.03), whereas two other groups were kept on commercial discus feed (Ca/P of 2.73). Each feeding group was submitted to two different water hardness regimes (35.66–71.39 mg/L CaCO3 and 124.94–196.33 mg/L CaCO3, respectively). All fish were observed for the development of the characteristic lesions for 16 weeks. At the end of the study, histological, bacteriological and parasitological examinations were conducted and plasma Ca, P and Mg values were determined. Diplomonad flagellates were detected in two fish. Isolated bacteria of all groups mostly belonged to Aeromonadales and Pseudomonadales. No significant difference of plasma mineral values between the groups was observed. Compared to the results of other authors, Ca stayed mainly in the range and P exceeded the reference values. Histological examinations did not indicate HITH disease, and no fish developed signs of the disease during the study.Clinical trial registration number GZ 68.205/0135‐WF/V/36/2014.
Application of D‐optimal mixture design and fuzzy logic approach in the preparation of chhana podo (baked milk cake)
Authors: Franklin Magdaline E. E. , Pushpadass Heartwin A. , Kamaraj Manimala , Muthurayappa Manjunatha , Battula Surendra Nath 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis work is aimed at the use of D‐optimal mixture design to incorporate tikhur (Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.) starch instead of semolina in the preparation of chhana podo (baked milk cake). Quality parameters such as lightness, hardness, moisture content, oven spring, and specific volume were determined, and they were used for optimization of baking conditions. The product prepared from the optimized formulation of 19.2 parts of chhana (milk solids obtained by heat‐acid coagulation of milk at 90°C), 1.8 parts of tikhur starch, and 6 parts of sugar had 39.72% moisture content, 1.09 cm3/g specific volume, 22.43 mm oven spring, 66.37 lightness value, and 29.69 N hardness with desirability factor of 0.896. Further, chhana podo prepared by adding semolina two‐parts (control), one‐, two‐ and three‐parts of tikhur starch were compared for its sensory attributes using fuzzy logic approach. It was used to score the samples for ranking, and also to decipher the preference of the judges for the above quality parameters. Specimens 1, 2, and 3 were rated “Good” by the panelists while Specimen 4 was ranked “Satisfactory.” In general, texture was rated as the strongest quality indicator (Highly Important) for chhana podo with similarity value of 0.956. Moistness, color, and flavor had identical similarity values, and were classed as “Important.”Practical applications
Chhana podo is a milk cake that is prepared by blending of heat‐acid coagulated milk solids, sugar and semolina into dough, and baking it. Fuzzy analysis, which involves linguistic expression of sensory quality, was used in combination with mixture design to optimize the ingredient composition. Semolina was replaced with tikhur (Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.) starch by using D‐optimal mixture design without any influence on end product quality. Combining fuzzy analysis with mixture design proved to be a good tool for new product development.
Women's Contraceptive Perceptions, Beliefs, and Attitudes: An Integrative Review of Qualitative Research
Authors: Alspaugh Amy , Barroso Julie , Reibel Melody , Phillips Shannon 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionUnintended pregnancy rates will remain high until researchers explore the lived experience of women's relationships with contraception. This integrative review examines the extant qualitative literature on women's contraception to illuminate common themes in women's perspectives through the lens of the feminist poststructuralist framework.MethodsA literature review of PubMed and CINAHL databases was completed for English‐language studies conducted in the United States from January 2008 through September 2018 that qualitatively examined women's perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes regarding contraception. Reports, dissertations, mixed‐methods research, and literature reviews were excluded. The sample, methods, and findings of 19 studies were reviewed. Themes were identified using the 5 major tenets of the feminist poststructuralist framework: discourse, power, language, subjectivity, and agency.ResultsThemes of power imbalance between partners and health care providers; societal and communal discourses on femininity and motherhood; distrust of hormonal contraception; the ability to enhance personal agency through contraceptive decision making; and a need for open, patient‐focused communication arose from the 19 studies included in the review.DiscussionUsing a feminist poststructuralist framework to examine women's contraceptive perceptions illuminates and magnifies the many ways in which contraceptive beliefs and use are dependent on gender roles and power dynamics. Gaps in knowledge specific to older women and exploration of women's subjectivity should be addressed. Clinicians should evaluate the power structures inherent to their practice while providing woman‐focused, evidence‐based contraceptive education.
The Role of School in Helping Children and Adolescents Reach the Physical Activity Recommendations: The UP&DOWN Study
Authors: Grao‐Cruces Alberto , Segura‐Jiménez Victor , Conde‐Caveda Julio , García‐Cervantes Laura , Martínez‐Gómez David , Keating Xiaofen D. , Castro‐Piñero José 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe aims were to: (1) examine the levels of physical activity (PA) during different time periods (ie, daily PA, school hour PA, recess PA, physical education classes [PEC] PA) in children and adolescents; and (2) identify the rate of compliance with the specific PA recommendations for these time periods.METHODSThe participants were 1925 (940 girls) children and adolescents from 40 Spanish schools. Hip‐worn accelerometers were used to assess PA during different time periods.RESULTSBoys and children were more physically active and had a greater percentage meeting the daily PA recommendation and the school‐based PA recommendation than girls and adolescents, respectively. Compliance with daily PA recommendation was markedly higher than that with the school‐based PA recommendation, regardless of sex and age groups (ie, 80.4% vs 24.1% for daily and school‐based PA recommendations, respectively, in child boys). A very low percentage (ie, 9.7% and 1.2% of child boys with almost 50% of moderate‐to‐vigorous PA during recess and PEC, respectively) of students reached the recommended PA levels for recess and PEC.CONCLUSIONSPhysical activity levels during school hours, recess, and PEC in children and adolescents are very low. Promoting PA in school settings is essential, especially in girls and adolescents.
Single-dose diclofenac in healthy volunteers can cause decrease in renal perfusion measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hellms Susanne , Gueler Faikah , Gutberlet Marcel , Schebb Nils Helge , Rund Katharina , Kielstein Jan T , VoChieu VanDai , Rauhut Sebastian , Greite Robert , Martirosian Petros , Haller Hermann , Wacker Frank , Derlin Katja 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated changes of renal perfusion after topical and oral diclofenac administration in healthy volunteers using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with arterial spin labelling (ASL).

Methods
Twenty-four healthy human participants (21–51 years) underwent 1.5T MRI before and 1 h after a single oral dose of diclofenac (50 mg). Twelve of 24 participants underwent an additional MRI examination following 3-day topical diclofenac administration. For renal perfusion imaging, a flow-sensitive alternating inversion-recovery TrueFISP ASL sequence was applied. Plasma concentrations of diclofenac and serum concentrations of thromboxane were determined.

Key findings
After oral diclofenac application, large interindividual differences in plasma concentrations were observed (range &lt;3–4604 nm). Topical diclofenac application did not result in relevant systemic diclofenac levels (range 5–75 nm). MRI showed a significant reduction of renal perfusion in individuals with diclofenac levels ≥225 nm (baseline: 347 ± 7 vs diclofenac: 323 ± 8 ml/min/100 g, P &lt; 0.01); no significant differences were observed in participants with diclofenac levels &lt;225 nm. Diclofenac levels correlated negatively with thromboxane B2 levels pointing towards target engagement.

Conclusions
Single-dose diclofenac caused a decrease in renal perfusion in participants with diclofenac levels ≥225 nm. We demonstrated that even a single dose of diclofenac can impair renal perfusion, which could be detrimental in patients with underlying chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury.
Type of starter culture influences on structural and sensorial properties of low protein fermented gels
Authors: Priyashantha Hasitha , Quintáns Alfonso Pérez , Baixauli Raquel , Vidanarachchi Janak K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOrganoleptic properties of skimmed milk fermented gels are progressively demanding to produce optimal quality yogurts. Chr‐Hansen trademark registered cultures were used to produce low‐protein (3.4%) gels to assess the ability to redesign the sensorial and textural properties with the choice of starter culture. Resulting gels were assessed for sensorial, textural, rheological, and microstructural properties and compared with a commercial control (4.5% protein). Mouth thickness, syneresis, firmness, elasticity, and consistency values were lower for polysaccharides‐producing cultures. Such cultures contributed to the higher creaminess and tended to give higher ropiness. Observed differences among microstructures of the gel were minute. Microstructural and rheological data corresponded and reflected the instrumental and sensory interpretations. Strong correlations were observed between sensory and instrumental data. Nonprobiotics cultures resulted in promising overall gel properties compared with probiotic cultures according to the principal component analysis. Yet probiotic cultures resulted in lower syneresis than nonprobiotic cultures. Thus, the choice of bacterial culture modifies the sensorial and textural properties of fermented gel with strong correlations, as a result of altered gel network formation with the production of polysaccharides. Inferior textural and sensorial quality aspects, particularly at low protein levels, have negative impact on consumer demand of low protein yogurts. Thus, we attempted to gain required gel textural and sensorial properties with a choice of starter culture with a low protein level. Resulting gel properties at lowered protein content with different starter cultures are not fully known. The present study compares the effect of probiotic and nonprobiotic starter cultures on gel properties, as gel texture and sensory properties are of great interest and thus not willing to be compromised. In addition, we examined the overall texture profile of studied cultures and correlate with sensory properties. Therefore, reducing protein level in milk and achieving required gel properties with the choice of appropriate starter culture is of great commercial interest as a cost‐cutting strategy to produce low‐cost optimum quality yogurt.
Next Steps for Mind, Brain, and Education: Strengthening Early‐Career Development
Authors: Gotlieb Rebecca J. M. , Pollack Courtney , Younger Jessica W. , Toomarian Elizabeth Y. , Allaire‐Duquette Geneviève , Mariager Nadja M. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTAn increasing number of scholars are being trained in the field of mind, brain, and education (MBE), yet discussions of trainees' needs and how to meet them are rare. We, the inaugural International Mind, Brain, and Education Society (IMBES) Trainee Board, identify three broad needs of MBE trainees: guidance and support, greater access to and connections among the MBE community, and professional development. We report a first step to address these needs: a daylong trainee conference, which included sessions to foster connections among trainees, provide mentorship from MBE leaders, and provide knowledge and skill building for careers. Attendees' survey results suggest the conference successfully supported trainees' development. As substantial trainee needs remain, we offer specific ways that principal investigators, institutions, funding agencies, future IMBES trainee boards, and the MBE community can further address trainees' needs to support early‐career development and strengthen the MBE field generally.
Latitudinal divergence in a widespread amphibian: Contrasting patterns of neutral and adaptive genomic variation
Authors: Rödin‐Mörch Patrik , Luquet Emilien , Meyer‐Lucht Yvonne , Richter‐Boix Alex , Höglund Jacob , Laurila Anssi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStochastic effects from demographic processes and selection are expected to shape the distribution of genetic variation in spatially heterogeneous environments. As the amount of genetic variation is central for long‐term persistence of populations, understanding how these processes affect variation over large‐scale geographical gradients is pivotal. We investigated the distribution of neutral and putatively adaptive genetic variation, and reconstructed demographic history in the moor frog (Rana arvalis) using 136 individuals from 15 populations along a 1,700‐km latitudinal gradient from northern Germany to northern Sweden. Using double digest restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing we obtained 27,590 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and identified differentiation outliers and SNPs associated with growing season length. The populations grouped into a southern and a northern cluster, representing two phylogeographical lineages from different post‐glacial colonization routes. Hybrid index estimation and demographic model selection showed strong support for a southern and northern lineage and evidence of gene flow between regions located on each side of a contact zone. However, patterns of past gene flow over the contact zone differed between neutral and putatively adaptive SNPs. While neutral nucleotide diversity was higher along the southern than the northern part of the gradient, nucleotide diversity in differentiation outliers showed the opposite pattern, suggesting differences in the relative strength of selection and drift along the gradient. Variation associated with growing season length decreased with latitude along the southern part of the gradient, but not along the northern part where variation was lower, suggesting stronger climate‐mediated selection in the north. Outlier SNPs included loci involved in immunity and developmental processes.
Bacillus subtilis FolE is sustained by the ZagA zinc metallochaperone and the alarmone ZTP under conditions of zinc deficiency
Authors: Chandrangsu Pete , Huang Xiaojuan , Gaballa Ahmed , Helmann John D. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBacteria tightly regulate intracellular zinc levels to ensure sufficient zinc to support essential functions, while preventing toxicity. The bacterial response to zinc limitation includes the expression of putative zinc metallochaperones belonging to subfamily 1 of the COG0523 family of G3E GTPases. However, the client proteins and the metabolic processes served by these chaperones are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the Bacillus subtilis YciC zinc metallochaperone (here renamed ZagA for ZTP activated GTPase A) supports de novo folate biosynthesis under conditions of zinc limitation, and interacts directly with the zinc‐dependent GTP cyclohydrolase IA, FolE (GCYH‐IA). Furthermore, we identify a role for the alarmone ZTP, a modified purine biosynthesis intermediate, in the response to zinc limitation. ZTP, a signal of 10‐formyl‐tetrahydrofolate (10f‐THF) deficiency in bacteria, transiently accumulates as FolE begins to fail, stimulates the interaction between ZagA and FolE, and thereby helps to sustain folate synthesis despite declining zinc availability.
Biofilm formation by Candida auris isolated from colonising sites and candidemia cases
Authors: Singh Rachna , Kaur Mahaldeep , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Shankarnarayan Shamanth A. , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBackgroundCandida auris, an emerging nosocomial pathogen, exhibits phenotypic variation. Non‐aggregating C. auris isolates display greater biofilm‐forming capacity and virulence than aggregate‐forming isolates. Most of the studies till date have focused on clinical isolates. The biofilm‐forming capacity of colonising isolates remains uninvestigated.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to elucidate the biofilm‐forming capacity of the colonising isolates of C. auris, correlate it with their aggregation behaviour and antifungal susceptibility, and compare it with that of the isolates from blood‐stream infection.MethodsColonising and clinical (candidemia) isolates of C. auris were screened for aggregation behaviour, biofilm‐forming capacity and antifungal susceptibility testing. Aggregation behaviour was assessed microscopically. Biofilm‐forming capacity was determined on 96‐well flat‐bottomed microtitre plates. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution assay.ResultsAggregative and non‐aggregative phenotypes were found to be predominantly associated with colonising and clinical isolates, respectively, with the former ones being stronger biofilm producers in the colonising group. Non‐aggregative isolates in the colonising group showed lower susceptibility to amphotericin B and fluconazole than aggregative isolates. In contrast, no association was noted between biofilm formation, aggregation behaviour and antifungal susceptibility amongst the clinical isolates.ConclusionBiofilm formation is a strain‐dependent trait in C. auris, strongly associated with the type and phenotypic behaviour of the isolates. Colonising isolates of this fungus were found to be predominantly aggregative in nature, with a higher biofilm‐forming capacity than non‐aggregative ones.
Cytokinin‐dependent regulatory module underlies the maintenance of zinc nutrition in rice
Authors: Gao Shaopei , Xiao Yunhua , Xu Fan , Gao Xiaokai , Cao Shouyun , Zhang Fengxia , Wang Guodong , Sanders Dale , Chu Chengcai 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a critical problem in human nutrition. Rice is the main source of calories for nearly half the world's population but has the shortcoming, from a nutritional perspective, of being low in Zn and other essential nutrients.

Here we performed analyses with cytokinin‐related mutants and transgenic lines to provide unequivocal evidence that cytokinins have a key role in controlling Zn status in plants.

Transporters responsible for Zn uptake and chelators for the internal transport of Zn were strictly controlled by cytokinins. Moreover, cytokinin metabolism was regulated in a highly dynamic way in response to Zn status, which allows rice to adapt to heterogeneous Zn availability. Subsequently, fine‐tuning of cytokinin metabolism by root‐specific expression of a cytokinin degradation enzyme was able to improve both Zn nutrient and yield traits. Importantly, X‐ray fluorescence imaging revealed that the increased Zn was broadly distributed from the aleurone layer to the inner endosperm.

These findings show that metabolic control of cytokinin could provide the key to breeding Zn‐enriched rice.
Property Rights Reform to Support China's Rural–Urban Integration: Village‐Level Evidence from the Chengdu Experiment
Authors: Deininger Klaus , Jin Songqing , Liu Shouying , Shao Ting , Xia Fang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs part of a national experiment, in 2008, Chengdu prefecture launched a series of property rights reforms, among them complete registration of all land and measures to ease transferability and eliminate labour market restrictions. A comparison of villages inside and outside the prefecture's border using a difference‐in‐difference approach suggests that the reforms have reduced administrative reallocations; aligned land use closer to economic incentives, mainly through market transfers; and stimulated enterprise startups. These results, most of which are more pronounced for villages closer to Chengdu city, illuminate the potential gains from factor market reform.