bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2-coated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 electrode prepared by hydrolysis coating technology
Authors: Zuo Daxian , Wang Cuiping , Tian Guanglei , Shu Kangying , Liu Xingjun 
Published: February 2019

In this work, Al, Si and Ti oxides are used to modify the surface of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) electrode through the hydrolysis coating technology. SEM and TEM results revealed that three prepared oxide layers have different uniformity and morphology. Also, charge-discharge results showed different initial discharge capacity and cycle ability of three different oxide coatings. It is shown that when the temperature is increased from 25 to 50 °C, the capacity retention of Al2O3-coated NCM622 is reduced by only 4 %, what demonstrated the best ability of this oxide to restrain cycle deterioration. Additionally, when the charge cutoff voltage is increased to 4.6 V, Al2O3-coated NCM622 showed 74 % of capacity retention. As the number of charge-discharge cycles increases, the dissolution of some transition metal ions may be restrained by Al2O3 layer. Generally, the enhanced electrochemical performance of Al2O3-coated NCM622 could be ascribed to the suppression of mutual reaction between electrode and electrolyte and improvement of structural stability of the material by Al2O3 coating.
L’expérience des jeunes autochtones pris en charge par la protection de la jeunesse : entre déracinement et émancipation
Authors: Gagnon-Dion Marie-Hélène , Rivard Jacinthe , Bellot Céline 
Published: February 2019

Cet article vise à partager le point de vue de jeunes autochtones quant à leur vécu de prise en charge par la protection de la jeunesse et aux effets de cette prise en charge. L’article s’appuie sur les données recueillies dans le cadre d’une recherche plus large sur la judiciarisation et la défense des droits des personnes en situation de pauvreté. Les résultats font ressortir trois types d’expérience de prise en charge impliquant un placement des jeunes autochtones : les résistants qui vivent le placement comme un déracinement ; les résilients qui vivent le placement comme une émancipation ; les résignés qui vivent le placement comme un détachement. Ces résultats montrent que les liens des jeunes autochtones avec leur milieu d’origine pendant le placement influencent grandement leur façon de vivre la prise en charge par la protection de la jeunesse, les effets de cette prise en charge ainsi que le regard qu’ils portent sur cette expérience. L’article propose des pistes d’intervention visant à améliorer le bien-être des jeunes autochtones pris en charge par la protection de la jeunesse.
Incidence of acute kidney disease after receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Mima Akira , Tansho Kousuke , Nagahara Dai , Tsubaki Kazuo 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundPrevious reports have shown that acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which is a crucial treatment for patients with hematological disorders. AKI could increase mortality and induce adverse effects including the development of chronic kidney disease. The incidence of AKI in association with HSCT reportedly varies significantly because several definitions of AKI have been adopted. Acute kidney disease (AKD) is a new concept that can clinically define both AKI and persistent decreases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) state. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the incidence of AKD after HSCT.MethodsThis study included 108 patients aged between 16 and 70 years undergoing HSCT. In this study, AKD included clinical condition of AKI or subacute decreases in GFR. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines based on serum creatinine. However, urine output data were not included to define AKI because the database lacked some of these data. Comparisons were made between groups using the Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsAcute kidney disease occurred in 17 patients (15.7%). There were significant differences between the AKD and non-AKD with respect to ABO-incompatible HSCT (p= 0.001) and incidence of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) after HSCT (p< 0.001). The 100-day overall survival of patients with AKD and without AKD after HSCT was 70.6% and 79.8%, respectively (p= 0.409).DiscussionABO-incompatible HSCT and acute GVHD after HSCT were risk factors for the incidence of AKD. However, we could not find a significant association between AKD after HSCT and mortality.
Leadership Personality and Social Dis-integration in Somalia
Authors: Hassan Abdisamad , Zain Zawiyah Mohd , Ajis Mohd Na’iem 
Published: February 2019

The study seeks to explore the impact of leadership personalities of previous Somali political leaders on social integration. As Somalia now transit into post conflict reconstruction, there is the need to explore how previous flaws in leadership personalities resulted into social disintegration of the Somali society. To achieve this objective, qualitative interviews were held with 13 respondents across Somali elite in Mogadishu. Using the Big Five personality framework, the results revealed that previous Somali leadership personalities were deeply flawed due to colonial legacy and influence of clannism. In addition, fear of losing and retaining power at all cost instituted clannism as a means on obtaining and retaining political power, thereby compromising unity and social integration. The result also depicted that a significant number of Somali leaders were generally low in conscientiousness as a necessary leadership quality within the Big Five framework. The study maintains that the ongoing post-conflict reconstruction is unlikely to succeed unless leadership personality adapts properly to the prevailing situation of social integration. Moreover, the study recommends that leadership in Somalia should prioritize the restoration of social trust so that Somalia’s reconstruction process can succeed.
Effects of Temperature on Seed Germination of Invasive Plant Rorippa amphbia (L.) Besser
Authors: Xu Yufeng , Liu Miao , Lv Yuanhao , Wang Qiuli , Qu Bo , Shao Meini 
Published: February 2019

Aims: Global warming and biological invasion are major environmental issues faced in the world. In the study, Rorippa amphibia, a perennial invasive clone plant in northern China, was used as a material to study the germination characteristics of the seeds at different temperatures.
Study Design: Germination test of R. amphibia seeds at different temperature was studied by means of laboratory culture. The germination percentage, germination index, germination potential, bud height and root length of the seeds were determined.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from the west side of the swimming pool of Shenyang Agricultural University of Liaoning Province in August 2017. Experiments were done in the College of Biological Science and Technology, between October 2017 and June 2018.
Methodology: The petri dish method was used in the experiment. Fifty seeds were randomly selected and soaked in distilled water for 12h. The seeds were placed in a petri dish covered with double filter paper, cultured at 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 35℃ and 40℃ in light incubators for 12h darkness and 12h light (4000lux), with 3 repeats per processing. Seed germination was based on embryo root breakthrough seed coat ≥ 1 mm. During the experiment, the numbers of seed germination were recorded every day, and the filter paper was kept moist until there was no new seed germination for 2 consecutive days, which was regarded as the end of germination. The numbers of seed germination should be counted regularly every day, and the beginning and duration of germination should be recorded. The germination rate, daily germination rate, germinating potential, germinating index and vigor index of R. amphibia seeds at different temperature were calculated by measuring bud height and radicle length on the 10th day after germination.
Results: The temperature range of seed germination of R. amphibia was wide, which could germinate at 15 - 40℃. Lower temperature delayed the peak period of seed germination at some extent and the germination rates of R. amphibia peak at 30 - 35℃, which were 44.67% and 50% respectively. At 35℃, germination potential and germination index were 25.33% and 29.46, reaching the maximum value.
Conclusion: The reason for the wide temperature range of seed germination and the low germination rate might be the candidate method for clonal plant population establishment in temperate zone. The higher germination rate of high temperature condition suggested that clone invasive plants in temperate regions were more invasive during global warming.
LiFePO4 Particles Embedded in Fast Bifunctional Conductor rGO&C@Li3V2(PO4)3 Nanosheets as Cathodes for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Zihe , Tang Yakun , Jia Dianzeng , Huang Yudai , Pang Weikong , Guo Zaiping , Zhou Zhen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of Faradaic reactions in bulk electrodes is a significant obstacle to achieve high energy and power density in energy storage devices. Herein, a composite of LiFePO4 particles trapped in fast bifunctional conductor rGO&C@Li3V2(PO4)3 nanosheets is prepared through an in situ competitive redox reaction. The composite exhibits extraordinary rate capability (71 mAh g−1 at 15 A g−1) and remarkable cycling stability (0.03% decay per cycle over 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1). Improved extrinsic pseudocapacitive contribution is the origin of fast kinetics, which endows this composite with high energy and power density, since the unique 2D nanosheets and embedded ultrafine LiFePO4 nanoparticles can shorten the ion and electron diffusion length. Even applied to Li‐ion hybrid capacitors, the obtained devices still achieve high power density of 3.36 kW kg−1 along with high energy density up to 77.8 Wh kg−1. Density functional theory computations also validate that the remarkable rate performance is facilitated by the desirable ionic and electronic conductivity of the composite.
Vertical Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Liu Jinyu , Qin Zhengsheng , Gao Haikuo , Dong Huanli , Zhu Jia , Hu Wenping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractField‐effect transistors are the fundamental building blocks for electronic circuits and processors. Compared with inorganic transistors, organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), featuring low cost, low weight, and easy fabrication, are attractive for large‐area flexible electronic devices. At present, OFETs with planar structures are widely investigated device structures in organic electronics and optoelectronics; however, they face enormous challenges in realizing large current density, fast operation speed, and outstanding mechanical flexibility for advancing their potential commercialized applications. In this context, vertical organic field‐effect transistors (VOFETs), composed of vertically stacked source/drain electrodes, could provide an effective approach for solving these questions due to their inherent small channel length and unique working principles. Since the first report of VOFETs in 2004, impressive progress has been witnessed in this field with the improvement of device performance. The aim of this review is to give a systematical summary of VOFETs with a special focus on device structure optimization for improved performance and potential applications demonstrated by VOFETs. An overview of the development of VOFETs along with current challenges and perspectives is also discussed. It is hoped that this review is timely and valuable for the next step in the rapid development of VOFETs and their related research fields.
Diatom Frustule‐Inspired Metamaterial Absorbers: The Effect of Hierarchical Pattern Arrays
Authors: Li Aobo , Zhao Xiaoguang , Duan Guangwu , Anderson Stephan , Zhang Xin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDiatoms are photosynthetic algae that exist ubiquitously throughout the planet in water environments. Over the preceding decades, the diatom exoskeletons, termed frustules, featuring abundant micro‐ and nanopores, have served as the source material and inspiration for myriad research efforts. In this work, it is demonstrated that frustule‐inspired hierarchical nanostructure designs may be utilized in the fabrication of metamaterial absorbers, thereby realizing a broadband infrared (IR) absorber with excellent performance in terms of absorption. In an effort to investigate the origin of this absorption characteristic, numerical models are developed to study these structures, revealing that the hierarchical organization of the constituent nanoparticulate metamaterial unit cells introduce an additional resonance mode to the device, broadening the absorption spectrum. It is further demonstrated that the resonant peaks shift linearly as a function of inter‐unit‐cell spacing in the metamaterial, which is attributed to the induced collective dipole mode by the nanoparticles. Ultimately, the work herein represents an innovative perspective in terms of the design and fabrication of IR absorbers inspired by naturally occurring biomaterials, offering the potential to lead to advances in metamaterial absorber technology.
Binder‐Free Electrodes for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jin Ting , Han Qingqing , Jiao Lifang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have recently emerged as one of the favored contenders for use in medium and large‐scale stationary energy storage owing to the abundance of the resources required to fabricate them, their low cost, and the fact that have properties similar to equivalent Li batteries. However, their development also faces challenges such as poor cycling stability and unsatisfying rate performance. In traditional electrodes, binders are commonly used to integrate individual active materials with conductive additives. Unfortunately, binders are generally electrochemically inactive and insulating, which reduces the overall energy density and leads to poor cycling stability. Therefore, binder‐free electrodes provide great opportunity for high‐performance SIBs in terms of both improved electronic conductivity and electrochemical reaction reversibility. This Progress Report provides an overview of the recent progress in binder‐free electrodes for SIBs. It focuses on the current challenges of binder‐free electrodes and provides an outlook for their future in energy conversion and storage.
Low‐Temperature Conversion of Alcohols into Bulky Nanoporous Graphene and Pure Hydrogen with Robust Selectivity on CaO
Authors: Han Gao‐Feng , Chen Zhi‐Wen , Jeon Jong‐Pil , Kim Seok‐Jin , Noh Hyuk‐Jun , Shi Xiang‐Mei , Li Feng , Jiang Qing , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe direct conversion of biorenewable alcohols into value‐added graphene and pure hydrogen (H2) at benign conditions is an important challenge, especially, considering the open carbon‐reduced cycle. In this study, it is demonstrated that inexpensive calcium oxide (CaO, from eggshells) can transform alcohols into bulky nanoporous graphene and pure hydrogen (≈99%) with robust selectivity at the temperature as low as 500 °C. Consequently, the growth of graphene can follow the direction of alcohol flow and uniformly penetrate into bulky nanoporous CaO platelets longer than 1 m without clogging. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that alcohol molecules can be catalytically carbonized on the surface of CaO at low temperature. The concept of the comprehensive utilization of biomass‐derived alcohols offers a carbon‐negative cycle for mitigating global warming and the energy demand.
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Carbocyclization of 2‐Alkynyl Biaryls
Authors: Gicquiaud Julien , Hacıhasanoğlu Antoine , Hermange Philippe , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Toullec Patrick Y. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOrtho‐alkynyl biaryls react in the presence of catalytic amount of Brønsted acids to give phenanthrenes in high yields under mild conditions. The activity and selectivity of this transformation are governed by the substitution pattern of the diarylalkyne moiety. Selectivity shifts are observed between the carbophilic Lewis and Brønsted acid‐catalyzed cycloisomerization involving alkyne activation.magnified image
Conformational Control of Tetrahydropyran‐Based Hybrid Dipeptide Catalysts Improves Activity and Stereoselectivity
Authors: Borges‐González Jorge , García‐Monzón Irma , Martín Tomás 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHerein, we introduce and demonstrate how carbohydrates can be used as conformational control units of organocatalysts to tune their catalytic properties. New hybrid dipeptide‐like organocatalysts based on ζ‐sugar aminoacids and proline were prepared and tested for the asymmetric Michael addition of aldehydes to β‐nitrostyrenes. Taking full advantage of the modular nature of the carbohydrate motif, both reactivity and stereoselectivity were significantly improved. By simple structural changes, such as the elimination of the methoxy group in the C4 position of the tetrahydropyran ring, we obtained two complementary catalysts that allow access to both enantiomers of the γ‐nitroaldehydes with excellent yields, diastereoselectivity, and enantiomeric excesses between 97 and 99%, using a catalytic load even below 1 mol%.magnified image
Engineering Biomaterials to Direct Innate Immunity
Authors: Oakes Robert S. , Froimchuk Eugene , Jewell Christopher M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSmall alterations during early stages of innate immune response can drive large changes in how adaptive immune cells develop and function during protective immunity or disease. Controlling these events creates exciting potential in the development of immune engineered vaccines and therapeutics. This progress report discusses recent biomaterial technologies exploiting innate immunity to dissect immune function and to design new vaccines and immunotherapies for infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmunity. Across these examples, an important idea is the possibility to co‐opt innate immune mechanisms to enhance immunity during infection and cancer. During inflammatory or autoimmune disease, some of these same innate immune mechanisms can be manipulated in different ways to control excess inflammation by promotion of immunological tolerance.
Intrinsic and Extrinsically Limited Thermoelectric Transport within Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks
Authors: Blackburn Jeffrey L. , Kang Stephen D. , Roos Michael J. , Norton‐Baker Brenna , Miller Elisa M. , Ferguson Andrew J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDoped networks of semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (s‐SWCNTs) have recently demonstrated high thermoelectric (TE) power factors and figures of merit. Efforts to further improve the TE performance of s‐SWCNT networks hinge upon deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying charge transport. This study explores the dependence of conductivity, thermopower, and resulting TE power factor on carrier density and temperature in s‐SWCNT networks. Careful control of charge‐carrier density illustrates a distinct transition between transport that is limited by energetic barriers between nanotube bundles to an “intrinsic” regime where these barriers are small enough to reveal the intrinsic transport mechanism of the nanotubes. Transport is activated in the s‐SWCNT networks, although a critical survey of the literature demonstrates that the activation energies in s‐SWCNT networks are appreciably smaller than typical semiconducting polymers. At high conductivity, transport behavior is consistent with deformation potential scattering. The analysis demonstrates that mitigation of the “extrinsic” limitations to transport (e.g., inter‐nanotube junctions), and the concomitant reduction of conductivity activation energies, can lead to at least a doubling of the TE power factor. Further comparison to prototypical semiconducting polymers demonstrates that this strategy likely represents a general design principle for improving the TE performance of organic materials.
High‐Fluorinated Electrolytes for Li–S Batteries
Authors: Zheng Jing , Ji Guangbin , Fan Xiulin , Chen Ji , Li Qin , Wang Haiyang , Yang Yong , DeMella Kerry C. , Raghavan Srinivasa R. , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRechargeable Li–S batteries are regarded as one of the most promising next‐generation energy‐storage systems. However, the inevitable formation of Li dendrites and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides significantly weakens electrochemical performance, preventing its practical application. Herein, a new class of localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE) enabled by adding inert fluoroalkyl ether of 1H,1H,5H‐octafluoropentyl‐1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl ether into highly‐concentrated electrolytes (HCE) lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide/dimethoxyether (DME) system is reported to suppress Li dendrite formation and minimize the solubility of the high‐order polysulfides in electrolytes, thus reducing the amount of electrolyte in cells. Such a unique LHCE can achieve a high coulombic efficiency of Li plating/stripping up to 99.3% and completely suppressing the shuttling effect, thus maintaining a S cathode capacity of 775 mAh g−1 for 150 cycles with a lean electrolyte of 4.56 g A−1 h−1. The LHCE reduces the solubility of lithium polysulfides, allowing the Li/S cell to achieve super performance in a lean electrolyte. This conception of using inert diluents in a highly concentrated electrolyte can accelerate commercialization of Li–S battery technology.
Loss of bone mineral density following sepsis using Hounsfield units by computed tomography
Authors: Hongo Takashi , Kotake Kazumasa , Muramatsu Hirotada , Omura Daisuke , Yano Yudai , Hasegawa Daisuke , Momoki Noriya , Takahashi Kenji , Nozaki Satoshi , Fujiwara Toshifumi 
Published: February 2019

AimTo examine the change in vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) using abdominal computed tomography in patients treated for sepsis.MethodsA single‐center, retrospective, observational study was undertaken to evaluate BMD after critical care at Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital (Okayama, Japan) from January 2016 to April 2018. Sepsis was defined as an absolute increase of ≥2 in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score in the intensive care unit or high care unit. Bone mineral density was evaluated in Hounsfield units (HU) by computed tomography. Patients were divided into groups based on the presence or absence of osteoporosis, which was defined as average vertebral body HU <110. Paired t‐tests were used to compare the mean BMD of each vertebra between before and after critical care. We also analyzed accidental bone fracture events after discharge. The survival rate was analyzed as an outcome using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsFifty‐two of 188 patients met the inclusion criteria. We found significant differences between admission and follow‐up vertebral BMD values in the spine at the thoracic 12, lumbar 1–5, and sacrum 1 levels (P < 0.05), especially in the non‐osteoporosis groups. No difference in mortality was observed between patients with osteoporosis and those without. Two of 19 patients with osteoporosis developed a bone fracture.ConclusionWe found that sepsis was associated with loss in BMD following critical care.