bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Microwave Absorption of MOF‐Derived Core‐Shell Co@N‐doped Carbon Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Liu Lili , Wang Lei , Li Qingqing , Yu Xuefeng , Shi Xiaofeng , Ding Jingjun , You Wenbin , Yang Liting , Zhang Yahong , Che Renchao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNanocomposites of MOF‐derived N‐doped‐carbon‐wrapped cobalt anchored on reduced graphene oxide (Co@NC@RGO) have been successfully fabricated for use as microwave absorption materials. A unique core‐shell nanostructure with cobalt nanoparticles as core and N‐doped graphitized carbon as shell was grown on the surface of laminated reduced graphene oxide (RGO). An enhanced synergistic effect between magnetic and dielectric components can be readily achieved by changing the dispersion of Co@NC nanoparticles on RGO. The as‐synthesized microspheres are composed of numerous nanoscale core‐shell Co@NC units, which combined magnetic Co cores with intrinsically contributing magnetic loss and N‐doped graphitized carbon providing a pathway for electron transfer as well as transition between magnetic Co cores and high electrical conductivity of RGO. The resulting Co@NC@RGO composites exhibit excellent reflection loss (RL) values and effective absorption bandwidths. The optimized Co@NC@RGO‐3 minimum RL (RLmin) value could reach −46.5 dB at 9.4 GHz with a thickness of 3.5 mm. Tuning the thickness from 1.5–5 mm, the effectivity absorption frequency range could achieve up to 14.3 GHz (from 3.7 to 18 GHz). The excellent microwave absorption performance may be attributed to the magnetic loss, dielectric loss and interfacial polarization.
Gel‐ and Solid‐State‐Structure of Dialanine and Diphenylalanine Amphiphiles: Importance of C⋅⋅⋅H Interactions in Gelation
Authors: Farahani Abbas D. , Martin Adam D. , Iranmanesh Hasti , Bhadbhade Mohan M. , Beves Jonathon E. , Thordarson Pall 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo investigate the role of the capping group in the solution and solid‐state self‐assembly of short peptide amphiphiles, dialanine and diphenylalanine have been linked via the N‐terminus to a benzene (phenyl) and 3‐naphthyl capping groups using three different methylene linkers; (CH2)n, n=0–4 for the benezene and 0, 1 and 2 for the naphthalene capping group. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), oscillatory rheology, circular dichroism (CD), and IR analysis have been employed to understand the properties of these peptide‐based hydrogels. Several X‐ray structures of these short peptide gelators give useful conformational information regarding packing. A comparison of these solid state structures with their gel state properties yielded greater insights into the process of self‐assembly in short peptide gelators, particularly in terms of the important role of C⋅⋅⋅H interactions appear to play in determining if a short aromatic peptide does form a gel or not.
The Counterion Effect of Imidazolium‐Type Poly(ionic liquid) Brushes on Carbon Dioxide Adsorption
Authors: Li Na , Qu Rong , Han Xiaoyu , Lin Weiran , Zhang Haining , Zhang Zhenyu J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractImidazolium‐based poly(ionic liquid) brushes were attached to spherical silica nanoparticles bearing various functionalities by using a surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (“grafting from” technique). A temperature‐programmed desorption process was applied to evaluate and analyze the carbon dioxide adsorption performance of the synthesized polymer brushes. The confined structure of the surface‐attached polymer chains facilitates gas transport and adsorption, leading to an enhanced adsorption capacity of carbon dioxide molecules compared with pure polymer powders. Temperature‐programmed desorption profiles of the synthesized polymer brushes after carbon dioxide adsorption reveal that the substituent groups on the nitrogen atom at the 3‐position of the imidazole ring, as well as the associated anions significantly affect the adsorption capacity of functionalized poly(ionic liquid) brushes. Of the tested samples, amine‐functionalized poly(ionic liquid) brushes associated with hexafluorophosphate ions exhibit the highest carbon dioxide adsorption capacity of 2.56 mmol g−1 (112.64 mg g−1) at 25 °C under a carbon dioxide partial pressure of 0.2 bar.
Fluorescence pH Probes Based on Photoinduced Electron Transfer Quenching of Long Fluorescence Lifetime Triangulenium Dyes
Authors: Rosenberg Martin , Junker Anne Kathrine R. , Sørensen Thomas Just , Laursen Bo W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAzaoxatriangulenium dyes with long fluorescence lifetimes offer advantages in fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), time‐gated detection and polarization assays. However, the long excited state lifetimes are also expected to increase sensitivity to photoinduced electron transfer (PET) quenching, potentially increasing the on‐off ratio of PET probes. We report the synthesis and investigation of the optical properties of azaoxatriangulenium salts substituted with phenol substituents for pH sensing. Two series of pH probes with the phenol hydroxy group placed in the ortho, meta, or para positions to azadioxatriangulenium (ADOTA) and diazaoxatriangulenium (DAOTA) chromophores are investigated. All the phenol‐substituted dyes possess pH‐responsive fluorescence signals in the biologically relevant pH window (pH 6–9) due to efficient intramolecular PET from the phenolate form of the pendant arm. While the PET mechanism is partly suppressed in the phenol form of the ADOTA derivatives, it is completely suppressed in the DAOTA derivatives. The long excited state lifetimes of the triangulenium dyes ensure efficient PET quenching leading to very high on‐off ratios of the pH probes. The study clearly demonstrates effects of the position of the phenol/phenolate group relative to the chromophore on both PET quenching rates and pKa values.
Biogeography of the xerophytic genus Anabasis L. (Chenopodiaceae)
Authors: Lauterbach Maximilian , Veranso‐Libalah Marie Claire , Sukhorukov Alexander P. , Kadereit Gudrun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimUsing the extremophile genus Anabasis, which includes c. 28 succulent, xerophytic C4 species, and is widely distributed in arid regions of Northern Africa, Arabia, and Asia, we investigate biogeographical relationships between the Irano‐Turanian floristic region (ITfr) and its neighboring regions. We test whether the spread of arid and semi‐arid biomes in Eurasia coincides with the biogeography of this drought‐adapted genus, and whether the ITfr acted as source area of floristic elements for adjacent regions.LocationDeserts and semi‐deserts of Northern Africa, Mediterranean, Arabia, West and Central Asia.MethodsFour cpDNA markers (rpL16 intron, atpB‐rbcL, trnQ‐rps16, and ndhF‐rpL32 spacers) were sequenced for 58 accessions representing 21 Anabasis species. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times were inferred using maximum likelihood and a time‐calibrated Bayesian approach. To document the extant distribution of Anabasis, material from 23 herbaria was surveyed resulting in 441 well‐documented collections used for the coding of eight floristic regions. Using this coded data, ancestral range was estimated using “BioGeoBEARS” under the DEC model.ResultsAnabasis originated during the Late Miocene and the ancestral range was probably widespread and disjunct between Western Mediterranean and the Irano‐Turanian regions. Diversification started with two divergence events at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary (5.1 and 4.5 mya) leading to Asian clade I with ITfr origin which is sister to a slightly younger Asian clade II, which originated in the Western ITfr, and a Mediterranean/North African clade with an origin in the Western Mediterranean.Main conclusionsAnabasis did not follow aridification and continuously expanded its distribution area, in fact its probably wide ancestral distribution area seems to have been fragmented during the very Late Miocene and the remnant lineages then expanded into neighboring arid regions. This genus supports the role of the ITfr as source area for xerophytic elements in the Mediterranean and Central Asia.
Moderate fire severity is best for the diversity of most of the pollinator guilds in Mediterranean pine forests
Authors: Lazarina Maria , Devalez Jelle , Neokosmidis Lazaros , Sgardelis Stefanos P. , Kallimanis Athanasios S. , Tscheulin Thomas , Tsalkatis Panagiotis , Kourtidou Marina , Mizerakis Vangelis , Nakas Georgios , Palaiologou Palaiologos , Kalabokidis Konstantinos , Vujic Ante , Petanidou Theodora 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFire, a frequent disturbance in the Mediterranean, affects pollinator communities. We explored the response of major pollinator guilds to fire severity, across a fire‐severity gradient at different spatial scales. We show that the abundance of all pollinator groups responded to fire severity, and that bees and beetles showed in addition a significant species‐diversity response. Bees, sawflies, and wasps responded to fire severity at relatively small spatial scales (250–300 m), whereas flies and beetles responded at larger spatial scales. The response of bees, sawflies, and wasps was unimodal, as predicted by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, whereas flies and beetles showed a negative response. A possible explanation is that the observed patterns (spatial scale and type of response) are driven by taxa‐specific ecological and life‐history traits, such as nesting preference and body size, as well as the availability of resources in the postfire landscape. Our observational study provides an insight into the effect of fire severity on pollinators. However, future research exploring the explicit link between the pre‐ and postfire landscape structure and pollinator traits and responses is required for further establishment and understanding of cause–effect relationships.
Lung diffusion capacity in advanced heart failure: relation to central haemodynamics and outcome
Authors: Deis Tania , Balling Louise , Rossing Kasper , Wolsk Emil , Perch Michael , Gustafsson Finn 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsPatients with heart failure (HF) are known to have a reduced pulmonary diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), but little is known about how lung function relates to central haemodynamics. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between haemodynamic variables and pulmonary diffusion capacity adjusted for alveolar volume in congestive HF patients and to analyse how predicted DLCO/VA affects mortality in relation to the haemodynamic status.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively studied right heart catheterization (RHC) and lung function data on 262 HF patients (mean age 51 ± 13 years) with a left ventricular ejection fraction < 45% referred non‐urgently for evaluation for heart transplantation (HTX) or left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were constructed to examine the associations between predicted values of DLCO/VA, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and haemodynamic parameters [pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure, cardiac index, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and mean arterial pressure] as well as other factors known to affect lung function in HF. FEV1 was reduced to <80% of predicted value in 55% of the population, and DLCO/VA was reduced in 63% of the population. DLCO/VA correlated positively with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in both univariate and multivariate analyses for all included patients (P < 0.001 and P = 0.045, respectively) and a restricted population of patients with the shortest time between RHC and lung function testing (P = 0.005, P = 0.015). DLCO/VA predicted mortality in multivariate models [hazard ratio 1.5 (1.1–2.1)] but not the combined endpoint of death, LVAD implantation, or HTX. There was no significant correlation between haemodynamics and predicted FVC or FEV1.ConclusionsPulmonary diffusion capacity correlates positively with left ventricular fillings pressures, and reduced values predict increased mortality in patients with HF. This might be driven by increased lung capillary volume in patients with pulmonary congestion.
Sputtering as a viable route for In2S3 buffer layer deposition in high efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells
Authors: Soni Purvesh , Raghuwanshi Mohit , Wuerz Roland , Berghoff Birger , Knoch Joachim , Raabe Dierk , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlternative buffer layers in CIGSe are deposited mainly using chemical bath deposition because of its benefits like simplicity, good film quality and surface/step coverage. All the layers in CIGSe cell stack such as back contact, absorber and window layers are deposited by vacuum–deposition methods such as coevaporation, sputtering, and sometimes thermal evaporation, except for the buffer layer. Therefore, in the present work we demonstrate the feasibility to deposit In2S3 by RF magnetron sputtering reaching cell efficiencies of 13.6%, which is the highest value available for sputtered In2S3 in literature to date. Absorber surface damage and nonuniform buffer layer thickness are the primary limitations when using sputtering, and hence need to be eliminated for reaching reasonable cell efficiencies. We studied the extent of sputter induced damage on CIGSe absorber as well as the sputtering– and annealing–induced intermixing phenomenon at the In2S3/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 interface at the subnanometer level using atom probe tomography. We have also shown that a post deposition annealing not only significantly improves the crystallinity of In2S3, but also recovers the surface damage caused by sputter‐induced intermixing resulting in an improved p‐n Junction quality (as shown by the electron beam induced current investigations), and substantially improves cell efficiency. The present work opens a new way for designing efficient and industry–compatible CIGSe cells using sputter–deposited Cd‐free buffer layers. Moreover, this work clearly demonstrates that this novel and fully vacuum–deposited CIGSe cell meets the standard requirements, in terms of chemistry, structure, and electrical performance of a working cell for the PV industry.
Effect of surface wettability of ceramic proppant on oil flow performance in hydraulic fractures
Authors: Dong Kanjicai , He Wenhao , Wang Ming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCeramic proppants are critical products for holding induced fractures open and enhancing hydrogen productivity in low‐permeability reservoirs. Though the effects of proppant size and proppant type on the well productivity have been well studied in the past, the role of the proppant surface wettability in the oil flow performance has not been thoroughly investigated. To help the readers and the industries understand the wetting behavior of ceramic proppants, this research was designed to analyze the effect of the proppant wettability on the flow efficiencies of oil and water under different conditions (for example, various proppant size, water saturation, and waterflooding). Also, it was required to determine the optimal wettability of proppants in the available candidates for the enhancement of oil recovery in the hydraulic fracturing process. Results of the work indicate that the proppant wettability plays an essential role in the productivities of water and oil in tight sandstones. Compared with the same‐size oil‐wet proppants, the mixed‐wet proppants contribute to increasing the oil flow efficiency and reducing the produced volume of water. However, an increased value of proppant size can significantly enhance the oil recovery. Besides, using the oil‐wet proppants, the waterflooding phenomenon can lead to a lower oil recovery than that of the non‐water‐flooded specimen. Based on the findings of the microscopic structural characteristics of the proppant surface, a fluid channel mechanism was proposed to help understand the proppant wettability effect on the flow behaviors of oil and water. This research can provide guidance on the determination of proppants in the designs of hydraulic fracturing operations. These findings can help the reservoir engineers dealing with hydraulic fracturing better design the surface wettability of the proppants, especially for those reservoirs with a multi‐phase flow.
An Abundant and Renewable Potential Energy Source: Harvestable Energy under Vehicle Wheels
Authors: Li Feng‐Chen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractApproaches for energy harvesting from rotating vehicle tires have been investigated for years; however, where the harvestable energy is actually generated has not been discussed so far. For the first time, the potentially harvestable energy under vehicle wheels, as a real energy source, is discovered. Estimations show that the global potentially harvestable energy from the vehicle wheels could be 3.26 × 1011 kW, equivalent to 14 500 times the installed capacity of the worldwide largest hydraulic power plant, Three Gorges Dam of China; 36.7% saving of a vehicle's fuel consumption could be achieved if this potential energy could be totally harvested. State‐of‐the‐art energy harvesting techniques can only extract a negligibly small amount of the energy under vehicle wheels, calling for revolutionary new energy harvesting techniques.
Comorbidity of reading disabilities and ADHD: Structural and functional brain characteristics
Authors: Langer Nicolas , Benjamin Christopher , Becker Bryce L. C. , Gaab Nadine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractReading disabilities (RD) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common developmental disorders. RD and ADHD frequently co‐occur, which raises questions about how the disorders interact and to what extent they can be differentiated. To date, the underlying neural mechanisms leading to RD–ADHD comorbidity (COM) are not understood. In this study, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were combined with comprehensive behavioral testing in order to characterize the behavior, brain structure, and neural correlates of executive function, phonological processing and reading fluency in 60 children with clinical diagnoses of RD, ADHD, or COM, and controls. Whole‐brain analyses of variance were performed on cortical thickness values and on the data of the three fMRI tasks to investigate overall group differences. To validate these findings, a region of interest analysis was performed in regions that have previously been shown to exhibit group differences in children with RD or ADHD using the same paradigms. The neuroimaging results demonstrated structural and functional atypicalities for COM in regions that are frequently associated with deficits in children with isolated ADHD or RD. A combination of shared and distinctive brain alterations between the clinical groups was identified, supporting the multiple deficit model for ADHD, RD, and its comorbidity.
Functional Evaluation Of Pedotransfer Functions For Simulation Of Soil Profile Drainage
Authors: Zakizadeh Abkenar Fatemeh , Rasoulzadeh Ali 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDirect measurement of soil hydraulic properties is time consuming and costly. Therefore indirect methods, such as pedotransfer functions (PTFs), may provide an alternative. Some PTFs have been incorporated into stand‐alone computer programs like Rosetta and Soilpar, which are used in this study. The aim of this study was to compare different PTFs to use for modelling soil free drainage at three different soil textures including loamy sand, loam and clay loam. Statistics showed relatively good performance of Rosetta in the simulation of free drainage of clay loam but its function was not good as clay loam for loam and loamy sandy soils. The results showed that simulation of free drainage using Rosetta's hydraulic parameters was better than Soilpar. The results also indicated that a PTF might be accurate enough for estimating soil hydraulic properties, but was not able to simulate the soil profile drainage process using an input in the numerical code and using them might lead to large errors in simulating soil water drainage. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust approach to estimating production functions: Replication of the ACF procedure
Authors: Kim Kyoo il , Luo Yao , Su Yingjun 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWe study Ackerberg, Caves, and Frazer's (Econometrica, 2015, 83, 2411–2451; hereafter ACF) production function estimation method using Monte Carlo simulations. First, we replicate their results by following their procedure to confirm the existence of a spurious minimum in the estimation, as noted by ACF. In the population, or when sample sizes are sufficiently large, this “global” identification problem may not be a concern because the spurious minimum occurs only at extreme values of capital and labor coefficients. However, in finite samples, their estimator can produce estimates that may not be clearly distinguishable from the spurious ones. In our second experiment, we modify the ACF procedure and show that robust estimates can be obtained using additional lagged instruments or sequential search. We also provide some arguments for why such modifications help in the ACF setting.
Testing for time variation in the natural rate of interest
Authors: Berger Tino , Kempa Bernd 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper replicates in a wider sense the unobserved components model of Laubach and Williams (Review of Economics and Statistics, 2003, 85, 1063–1070) to estimate the natural rate of interest (NRI) and investigates the role of model uncertainty. A stochastic Bayesian model selection procedure is employed to test the hypothesis of time variation in the NRI against a constant NRI. The model selection confirms time variation in the NRI as a result of changes in potential output growth, but other determinants of the NRI are found constant.
Hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis of oxymetazoline use during nasal surgery in children
Authors: Cartabuke Richard S. , Anderson Brian J. , Elmaraghy Charles , Rice Julie , Tumin Dmitry , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives/HypothesisOxymetazoline is an α‐adrenergic agonist that is commonly used as a topical hemostatic agent in the operating room during ear, nose, and throat surgery. There are limited data on oxymetazoline pharmacokinetics in children who undergo general anesthesia. We assessed the hemodynamic effects and systemic absorption of topically applied oxymetazoline in children undergoing various nasal procedures.Study DesignProspective trial.MethodsChildren ages 2 to 17 years undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery, turbinate resection, or adenoidectomy were enrolled. The surgeon placed oxymetazoline‐soaked pledgets (1.5 mL of 0.05% solution) according to our usual clinical practice. Blood samples for oxymetazoline assay were drawn at 5, 10, 20, 45, 90, and 150 minutes, and hemodynamic data were recorded at 5‐minute intervals. Data analysis included mixed‐effects regression and population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling.ResultsThe analysis included 27 patients, age 7 ± 4 years, who received between 2 and 12 pledgets (3–18 mL) of oxymetazoline. Relative bioavailability compared to the spray formulation was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6‐3.2), with slow absorption from the mucosal surface (absorption half‐life 64 minutes; 95% CI: 44‐90). Mean arterial pressure did not increase with oxymetazoline instillation at the observed oxymetazoline serum concentrations (0.04‐7.6 μg/L).ConclusionsDespite concerns regarding oxymetazoline administration to mucosal membranes, we found that hemodynamic changes were clinically negligible with our usual clinical use of pledgets soaked in oxymetazoline. Compared to data on oxymetazoline in spray formulation, bioavailability was increased twofold with pledgets, but systemic absorption was very slow, contributing to low serum concentrations and limited hemodynamic effects.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 129:2775–2781, 2019