bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic‐like decreases in alcohol intake following combined pharmacotherapy with GLP‐1 and amylin in male rats
Authors: Aranäs Cajsa , Caffrey Antonia , Edvardsson Christian E. , Vestlund Jesper , Schmidt Heath D. , Jerlhag Elisabet 
Published: December 2024

Background and PurposeThe limited effectiveness of current pharmacological treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) highlights the need for novel therapies. These may involve the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor or the amylin receptor, as treatment with agonists targeting either of these receptors lowers alcohol intake. The complexity of the mechanisms underlying AUD indicates that combining agents could enhance treatment efficacy. While a combination of amylin receptor and GLP‐1 receptor agonists reduced food intake and body weight synergistic‐like, its influence on alcohol intake is unknown.Experimental ApproachEffects of a range of dose‐combinations of GLP‐1 receptor (dulaglutide) and amylin receptor (salmon calcitonin; sCT) agonists on alcohol intake were explored in male and female rats. We used dose combinations that either lowered alcohol intake as monotherapy (0.1 mg·kg−1 + 5 μg·kg−1), or that did not affect alcohol consumption per se (0.075 mg·kg−1 + 2 μg·kg−1).Key ResultsAcute administration of dulaglutide and sCT (0.1 mg·kg−1 + 5 μg·kg−1) reduced alcohol intake in males, but not in females. When higher doses were evaluated in female rats, a decrease in alcohol intake was observed. Furthermore, the low dose combination (0.075 mg·kg−1 + 2 μg·kg−1) decreased, in in a synergistic‐like manner, alcohol intake and prevented abstinence‐induced drinking without affecting kaolin intake in males. However, tolerance developed during sub‐chronic treatment.Conclusion and ImplicationsCollectively, these findings show that the combination of dulaglutide and sCT decreased, in in a synergistic‐like manner, alcohol consumption in male rats. Contrarily, higher doses are required for females.
Exploring the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer patients post renal transplantation by single‐cell analysis
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Mizuuchi Yusuke , Ohuchida Kenoki , Hisano Kyoko , Shimada Yuki , Katayama Naoki , Tsutsumi Chikanori , Tan Bryan C. , Nagayoshi Kinuko , Tamura Koji , Fujimoto Takaaki , Ikenaga Naoki , Nakata Kohei , Oda Yoshinao , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPatients with colorectal cancer (CRC) following renal transplantation require long‐term immunosuppressants to prevent graft rejection. However, the impact of these immunosuppressants on the tumor immune microenvironment and the roles of immune cells within it remain poorly understood. We conducted comprehensive single‐cell RNA sequencing on tumor and normal tissues from four CRC patients post renal transplantation and compared these with published data from 23 non‐transplant CRC patients. We set four groups for detailed comparative analysis based on the renal transplantation status and tissue origin: non‐renal transplantation normal (nRT_Normal), non‐renal transplantation tumor (nRT_Tumor), renal transplantation normal (RT_Normal), renal transplantation tumor (RT_Tumor). Our analysis revealed significant tumor immune microenvironment landscape alterations in the transplantation group. CD8+effector T cells of RT_Tumor showed significantly diminished cytotoxicity and tumor neoantigen recognition (p < 0.0001), while CD4+FOXP3 regulatory T cells of RT_Tumor displayed a higher inhibitory score (p < 0.05), indicating preserved immunomodulatory potential compared with non‐transplant CRC. Notably, significantly increased CTLA4 expression in T cells of RT_Tumor was found and testified (p < 0.05). Our findings provide novel mechanistic insights for understanding the immune landscape in renal transplant recipients with CRC and pave the way for potential immunotherapeutic strategies that may improve survival and quality of life for this patient population.
Mimickers of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity
Authors: Jones Peter , Kalra Gagan , Al‐Sheikh Mayss , Chhablani Jay 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity is an important entity that can be challenging to differentiate from its mimickers. Bull's eye maculopathy is the classical presentation of HCQ retinopathy; however, its differential includes several drug‐related retinal toxicities, inherited retinal disorders, and systemic conditions with associated retinopathies. Given the similarities in clinical presentation, imaging findings, and other diagnostic data, it can be quite challenging for all but the retina specialists to successfully identify retinal toxicity from HCQ. This review summarises HCQ retinopathy and its mimickers of with a special emphasis on key clinical and ancillary distinctions that can help comprehensive ophthalmologists and primary care offices in clenching this diagnosis.
Targeting HLA‐E in Lung Cancer: The Therapeutic Potential of IRF5‐Engineered M1‐Macrophage‐Derived Exosomes
Authors: Feng Xuqin , Lai Xiangyu , Zhou Mingming , Bie Jun , Li Tingting , Wang Dan , Chen Silin , Hu Xin , Wang Chunyu , Xu Peng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTImmunotherapy is a pivotal approach in the treatment of lung cancer. Although HLA‐E is a potential target for tumor immunotherapy, its role in lung cancer remains unclear. Previous studies have identified the transcription factor IRF5 as a characteristic gene of M1‐like macrophages, highlighting its crucial role in promoting antitumor immune responses. In this study, we developed an engineered M1‐like macrophage exosomes expressing IRF5 (IRF5 M1‐exos) and demonstrated their ability to inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells. Moreover, our experiments using a nude mouse model revealed that IRF5 M1‐exos exerted potent therapeutic effects by effectively suppressing tumor growth. Notably, the mechanism by which IRF5 exerts its antitumor function through HLA‐E regulation in lung cancer has not been fully elucidated. Here, we identified HLA‐E as a downstream target gene of IRF5 and demonstrated that the overexpression of HLA‐E can counteract the tumor‐promoting effects induced by si‐IRF5 M1‐exos. These results suggest that M1 macrophage‐derived exosomes, enriched with the transcription factor IRF5, exhibit potent antitumor activity by up‐regulating HLA‐E in lung cancer cells. Therefore, IRF5 M1‐exos represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
Ultrasound Utilization in Hospitalized Kidney Transplant Recipients: Useful or Overused?
Authors: Bau Jason T. , Park Jennifer , Li Yanhong , Rampersad Christie , Kim S. Joseph 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTKidney transplant ultrasonography is an important diagnostic tool in the care of transplant recipients. This modality of nonradiation‐based imaging allows for precise and expedient reporting of allograft architecture, which can inform clinical decision‐making. However, as with any diagnostic tool, overuse may lead to unnecessary interventions and costs on the healthcare system. To better understand the use of ultrasonography in hospitalized kidney transplant recipients and outcomes of subsequent interventions, we conducted a single‐center retrospective study at a large transplant program in Ontario, Canada. We noted that over 30% of admissions resulted in a ultrasonographic survey within the first 24 h of presentation; however, most of these did not change clinical management or lead to a subsequent procedural intervention. Using multivariable logistic regression, we identified predictors for receiving an ultrasound, including time from transplantation, elevated serum creatinine and infectious diagnosis. Procedural interventions (e.g., drain or biopsy) resulted from less than 20% of all ultrasound investigations, with patients closer to the time of index transplant or with elevated serum creatinine values more likely to receive an intervention. In conducting a cost analysis, we estimated that approximately $80 000 CAD per year could be saved with more selective decisions on ultrasound requisitions. Overall, our results indicate that despite being an informative tool, the broad use of ultrasonography in the kidney transplant population may not yield significant changes to transplant care.
Financial Market Misconduct: A Bibliometric Perspective
Authors: Carè Rosella , Fatima Rabia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article provides a bibliometric analysis of financial market misconduct (FMM) research. It maps the intellectual structure of FMM studies, visualizes the field's scientific literature, and uncovers its intellectual backbone, emergent ‘hot topics’, key journals, and influential authors. The study contributes to both academia and industry by elucidating the main components and evolutionary trends in FMM research. Additionally, it highlights future research directions by identifying potential underestimated risks and unexplored areas.
Endangered Pinto/Northern Abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) are Panmictic Across Their 3700 km Range Along the Pacific Coast of North America
Authors: Dimond J. L. , Bouma J. V. , Lafarga‐De la Cruz F. , Supernault K. J. , White T. , Witting D. A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTConnectivity is integral to the dynamics of metapopulations through dispersal and gene flow, and understanding these processes is essential for guiding conservation efforts. Abalone, broadcast‐spawning marine snails associated with shallow rocky habitats, have experienced widespread declines, and all seven North American species are threatened. We investigated the connectivity and population genomics of pinto/northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana), the widest‐ranging of abalone species. We employed reduced representation sequencing (RADseq) to generate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, assessing population connectivity and potential adaptive variation at 12 locations across the full range from Alaska to Mexico. Despite depleted populations, our analysis of over 6000 SNPs across nearly 300 individuals revealed that pinto abalone maintains a high genetic diversity with no evidence of a genetic bottleneck. Neutral population structure and isolation by distance were extremely weak, indicating panmixia across the species' range (global FST = 0.0021). Phylogenetic analysis, principal components analysis, and unsupervised clustering methods all supported a single genetic population. However, slight population differentiation was noted in the Salish Sea and Inside Passage regions, with evidence for higher barriers to dispersal relative to outer coastal areas. This north‐central region may also represent the species' ancestral range based on relatively low population‐specific FST values; the northern and southern extremes of the range likely represent range expansions. Outlier analysis did not identify consensus loci implicated in adaptive variation, suggesting limited adaptive differentiation. Our study sheds light on the evolutionary history and contemporary gene flow of this threatened species, providing key insights for conservation strategies, particularly in sourcing broodstock for ongoing restoration efforts.
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Symptomatic Influenza in Primary Care: A Test Negative Case Control Study Over Two Influenza Seasons 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 in Ireland
Authors: Marron Louise , McKenna Adele , O'Donnell Joan , Joyce Michael , Bennett Charlene , Connell Jeff , Domegan Lisa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionLive attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is recommended in Ireland for all children aged 2–17 years. Quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) is recommended for all others eligible for vaccination, including those ≥ 18 years with underlying medical conditions and all aged ≥ 65 years. We aimed to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against acute respiratory infection (ARI) presentations to primary care due to influenza over two influenza seasons in Ireland, to inform vaccination recommendations and communication campaigns.MethodsWe undertook a test‐negative case control study within the Irish sentinel general practice surveillance network as part of the Vaccine Effectiveness Burden and Impact Studies (VEBIS) network. We compared influenza vaccination status among influenza PCR positive cases with influenza PCR negative controls, both with ARI presentations, of all ages. We estimated IVE using logistic regression adjusting for age, onset time, medical conditions and sex.ResultsIn 2022/2023, there were 288 cases and 765 controls. In 2023/2024, there were 567 cases and 1832 controls. In 2022/2023, overall IVE was 42% (95% CI 9 to 64) and 50% (95% CI −30 to 83) in 2‐ to 17‐year‐olds. Overall IVE in 2023/2024 was 35% (95% CI 15 to 51) and 68% (95% CI 30 to 87) in 2‐ to 17‐year‐olds.ConclusionInfluenza vaccination reduced the risk of influenza among ARI patients presenting to general practice, demonstrating the benefits of vaccination, particularly among children. Promotion of the seasonal influenza vaccine to recommended groups, should remain a public health priority. Targeted vaccination campaigns for children promoting LAIV should emphasise the effectiveness of LAIV in children.
The Influence of Abutment Selection in the Tridimensional Implant Position: Considerations for Predictable Implant Restorative Long‐Term Outcomes
Authors: Lanis Alejandro , Akhondi Samuel , Pedrinaci Ignacio , Tavelli Lorenzo , Puisys Algirdas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the influence of abutment selection on 3D implant positioning, emphasizing the synergy between surgical and prosthetic considerations for achieving predictable long‐term outcomes in implant‐supported restorations.Main ConsiderationsImplant dentistry has transitioned from a purely surgical approach to a prosthetically driven methodology that prioritizes implant‐supported restoration (ISR). This shift has been bolstered by advancements in digital technologies and abutment designs, which allow for more precise implant positioning and better management of biological, mechanical, and esthetic outcomes. The selection of appropriate abutments plays a pivotal role in optimizing the 3D implant position, influencing peri‐implant tissue stability and the overall success of the restoration. This manuscript explores into the biorestorative concept, highlighting how virtual planning can preemptively assess abutment configurations and their interactions with surrounding tissues, guiding implant placement to achieve desired results.Clinical SignificanceThe integration of digital planning and strategic abutment selection prior to implant placement ensures optimal 3D implant positioning respecting fundamental biological and prosthetic parameters. This approach minimizes complications, improves long‐term tissue stability, and enhances patient outcomes by aligning surgical procedures with the specific prosthetic needs.
Partial Substitution of Egg White Protein by Sodium Caseinate/Tannin Acid/Octenyl Succinate Starch Composite: A Study on the Physicochemical Properties in Cake and Ice Cream
Authors: Zhan Fuchao , Zhou Xiaorui , Jiang Ying , Youssef Mahmoud , Teng Yongxin , Li Jing , Li Bin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe development of egg substitutes to partially or completely replace eggs is a noteworthy food trend in academia and industry. Previous studies have systematically investigated the potential of sodium caseinate (Na‐Cas)/tannic acid (TA)/octenyl succinate starch (OSA‐Starch) composites as foaming agents. The objective of this study was to extend the previous study and explore the potential application of Na‐Cas/TA/OSA‐Starch composites as egg replacers. Cakes and ice creams were produced by replacing 25%, 50%, and 75% of egg white with Na‐Cas/TA/OSA‐Starch composites. Some physical, rheological, and textural properties of cake and ice cream were determined to evaluate the feasibility of replacing egg white with Na‐Cas/TA/OSA‐Starch. Compared to the control, 25% Na‐Cas/TA/OSA‐Starch composites replacement of egg whites resulted in an increase in specific volume of the prepared cakes, an increase in hardness, a decrease in elasticity, and an increase in chewiness. As the amount of Na‐Cas/TA/OSA‐Starch composites substituted for eggs increased, the melt resistance of the ice cream decreased, the hardness increased, and the viscosity decreased, while the hardness and chewiness of the cake tended to increase. In conclusion, Na‐Cas/TA/OSA‐Starch composites have great potential as a new food ingredient for functional dairy ingredients in ice cream and cakes.
Substrate Uptake by TonB‐Dependent Outer Membrane Transporters
Authors: Braun Volkmar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTonB is an essential component of an energy‐generating system that powers active transport across the outer membrane (OM) of compounds that are too large or too scarce to diffuse through porins. The TonB‐dependent OM transport proteins (TBDTs) consist of β barrels forming pores that are closed by plugs. The binding of TonB to TBDTs elicits plug movement, which opens the pores and enables nutrient translocation from the cell surface into the periplasm. TonB is also involved in the uptake of certain proteins, particularly toxins, through OM proteins that differ structurally from TBDTs. TonB binds to a sequence of five residues, designated as the TonB box, which is conserved in all TBDTs. Energy from the proton motive force (pmf) of the cytoplasmic membrane is transmitted to TonB by two proteins, ExbB and ExbD. These proteins form an energy‐transmitting protein complex consisting of five ExbB proteins, forming a pore that encloses the ExbD dimer. This review discusses the structural changes that occur in TBDTs upon interaction with TonB, as well as the interaction of ExbB‐ExbD with TonB, which is required to transmit the energy of the pmf and thereby open TBDT pores. TonB facilitates import of a wide range of substrates.
Umthetho Wethu Ngumthetho Sisekelo, Futhi Unamalungelo*
Authors: MnisiWeeks Sindiso 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAbomdabu baseNingizimu Afrika bathi imithetho yabo igxile kakhulu esimisweni soBu‐Ntu kodwa imiphakathi yabo itholakala ivame ukubonisa okuphambene nalowo mthetho. Kungani lokhu? Uyini umthetho abathi banawo? Ziyini izimpande zawo? Futhi singazilandelela kanjani ngokuthembekile ukuze sizazi impela? Lesi sihloko sibuyela ekujuleni (okungukuthi, umlando ongarekhodiwe/ongabhaliwe, wangaphambi kwekoloniyali) wabaNtu, abayiningi labantu abakhuluma izilimi ezihlobene zase‐Sub‐Saharan Africa. Sifunisisa ngemvelaphi ejulile yobuNtu nobunjalo babo. Lokhu okubhalwe lapha kusekelwe ebufakazini obuvela kwezinye izimpande zobuhlakani bomdabu wabaNtu kanye nokutholwe, budonswa ngasikhathi sinye, ngokubuza emphakathini mayelana nokuchazwa komthetho wesiNtu ebantwini bomdabu abakhuluma isiNguni eNingizimu Afrika namuhla. Ngakho‐ke, lesi sihloko simele (ngamanye amagama, sisekela) ukuchithwa nokuqedwa kobukoloni ngokuthi sichaze ukuthi umthetho wesiNtu uthi unomthethosisekelo wawo (lapho inhlanganisela yenhlalo yabantu isekelwe khona), nombono wawo wamalungelo; lokho kufanele ngempela ukuqashelwa (ngokomthetho) kanye nokuhlonishwa esikhundleni semithetho ezalwa yingqondo yobukoloni.
Our law is constitutional law, and it has rights*
Authors: MnisiWeeks Sindiso 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIndigenous Southern Africans say that their laws are fundamentally grounded in the principle of Ubu‐Ntu (humane‐ness), but their communities are found empirically to often show the opposite of that law. Why is this? What is the law to which they lay claim to having? What are its roots and how can we reliably trace and know them? Reverting to the deep (i.e., unrecorded/unwritten precolonial) history of the Ntu, who make up the largest language group of Indigenous inhabitants of Sub‐Saharan Africa, this article digs into the deep origins of Ntu identity and being. Based on evidence drawing simultaneously from the alter‐Native intellectual roots of the Ntu and ethnographic findings on articulations of vernacular law in Nguni‐speaking society in South Africa today, the article makes the decolonizing case that Indigenous law lays claim to having its own constitutional law (in which its peoples’ social compact is grounded), with its very own conception of rights, that is wholly due (legal) recognition and respect in place of laws born of colonial logics.
Contrasting strategies in morphological and physiological response to drought stress among temperate forest understory forbs and graminoids
Authors: Petek‐Petrik A. , Petrík P. , Halmová M. , Plichta R. , Matoušková M. , Houšková K. , Chudomelová M. , Urban J. , Hédl R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Drought stress can profoundly affect plant growth and physiological vitality, yet there is a notable scarcity of controlled drought experiments focused on herbaceous species of the forest understorey.
In this study, we collected seeds from five forb and four graminoid species common in European temperate forests. Seeds were germinated under controlled glasshouse conditions and subjected to moderate drought stress for 5 weeks. We assessed biomass partitioning, stomatal and leaf morphology, leaf gas exchange, minimum leaf conductance (gmin), and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.
Comparison of the two ecological guilds revealed that graminoids had a higher R/S, improved WUE, greater carboxylation efficiency, and enhanced non‐photochemical quenching under drought conditions compared to forbs. In contrast, forbs had significantly lower gmin, with higher total biomass and total leaf area. Despite these differences in morpho‐physiological functional traits, both groups experienced a similar relative reduction in biomass after drought stress. Key predictors of biomass accumulation under drought included photochemical quenching, stomatal traits, total leaf area and gmin. A negative correlation between biomass and gmin suggests that plants with lower residual water loss after stomatal closure can accumulate more biomass under drought stress. Additionally, gmin was positively correlated with guard cell length, suggesting that larger stomata contribute to higher residual water loss.
Contrasting strategies in morpho‐physiological responses to drought define the differences between the two groups. In graminoids, drought resistance suggests greater emphasis on stress tolerance as a survival strategy. In contrast, forbs were able to maintain higher biomass and total leaf area, indicating a competitive strategy for maximizing resource acquisition.
Conditions that increase the perceived likelihood of temporary restriction of firearm access: An investigation in male firearm owners
Authors: Gilroy Shawn P. , Tucker Raymond P. , Hill Ryan M. , Anestis Michael D. , Bryan Craig J. , Bauer Brian W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study evaluated hypothetical participation in temporary voluntary removal of firearms from the home to reduce future suicide risk in 408 adult male firearm owners.MethodsA delay discounting approach was applied to evaluate the degree to which these choices were influenced by two dimensions of reinforcer efficacy—delay and magnitude. The decision‐making task sampled choice behavior across various durations of temporary voluntary removal of firearms (Delay) and differences in stated potential risk of suicide (Magnitude) as a result of that choice.ResultsResults of mixed‐effects modeling indicated that the subjective value of immediate access to a firearm was differentially sensitive to both delay and magnitude. Additionally, the scaling of these effects was linked to various other indicators of firearm‐specific safety (e.g., use of trigger locks) and suicidality risk (e.g., intolerance of uncertainty).ConclusionsThese results provide additional support for behavioral models of decision‐making (i.e., delay discounting) when evaluating how specific environmental arrangements and framing may support (or potentially discourage) engagement in means safety activities, inclusive of temporary firearms access restriction. These findings suggest that further analysis of the ecological underpinnings of these choices may help to guide more targeted efforts to engage with firearm owners in safety planning when there are concerns about the potential for suicide.