bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors for Pediatric Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury (BCVI): An International Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Weber Christian D. , Lefering Rolf , Weber Matthias S. , Bier Georg , Knobe Matthias , Pishnamaz Miguel , Kobbe Philipp , Hildebrand Frank ,   TraumaRegister DGU
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionPractice guidelines for adult BCVI patients have been implemented recently, but data for this devastating injury pattern in children are still limited. An international multicenter analysis was performed to characterize BCVI in the pediatric population.MethodsThe TraumaRegister DGU®, a prospectively maintained database, was analyzed (01/2002–12/2015). Pediatric patients (0–17 years) with major injuries [Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 9 points] were included. BCVI was divided into carotid artery injury and vertebral artery injury (VAI). Data of demographics, injury, imaging, therapy, and outcome characteristics were analyzed with SPSS (Version 25, IBM Inc., Armonk, NY).ResultsThe study cohort included 8128 pediatric trauma patients. We identified 48 BCVIs in 42 children, resulting in an overall prevalence of 0.5%. Carotid injuries were diagnosed more frequently (n = 30; 0.4%) when compared to VAIs (n = 12; 0.1%). The coincidence of head (p = 0.028), facial (p ≤ 0.001), chest (p ≤ 0.001), and spinal injuries (p ≤ 0.001) was higher in BCVI patients. The risk for thromboembolic complications (8.3% vs. 1%, p = 0.026) and in‐hospital mortality (38.1% vs. 7.7%, p ≤ 0.001) was excessive in children with BCVI. We identified various predictors for pediatric BCVI and quantified the cumulative impact of these risk factors.ConclusionBCVI is more uncommon in pediatric than in adult trauma patients. Due to the considerable relevance of this injury for both children and adults, special attention should be paid to this entity and associated complications in the early treatment phase after severe pediatric trauma, especially in high‐risk children.
Is postgraduate leadership education a&nbsp;match for the wicked problems of health systems leadership? A critical systematic review
Authors: Onyura Betty , Crann Sara , Tannenbaum David , Whittaker Mary Kay , Murdoch Stuart , Freeman Risa 
Published: June 2019

Purpose There have been a growing number of leadership education programs for physicians. However, debates about the value and efficacy of leadership education in medicine persist, and there are calls for systematic and critical perspectives on medical leadership development. Here, we review evidence on postgraduate leadership education and discuss findings in relation to contemporary evidence on leadership education and practice.
Method We searched multiple databases for papers on postgraduate leadership development programs, published in English between 2007 and 2017. We identified 4,691 papers; 31 papers met the full inclusion criteria. Data regarding curricular content and design, learner demographics, instructional methods, and learning outcomes were abstracted and synthesized.
Results There was modest evidence for effectiveness of programs in influencing knowledge and skills gains in select domains. However, the conceptual underpinnings of the ‘leadership’ training delivered were often unclear. Contemporary theory and evidence on leadership practice was not widely incorporated in program design. Programs were almost exclusively uni-professional, focused on discrete skill development, and did not address systems-level leadership issues. Broader leadership capacity building strategies were underutilized. A new wave of longitudinal, integrated clinical and leadership programming is observed.
Conclusions Our findings raise questions about persistent preparation-practice gaps in leadership education in medicine. Leadership education needs to evolve to incorporate broader collective capacity building, as well as evidence-informed strategies for leadership development. Barriers to educational reform need to be identified and addressed as educators work to re-orientate education programs to better prepare budding physician leaders for the challenges of health system leadership.
Glacier sliding, seismicity and sediment entrainment
Authors: Lipovsky Bradley Paul , Meyer Colin R. , Zoet Lucas K. , McCarthy Christine , Hansen Dougal D. , Rempel Alan W. , Gimbert Florent 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe evolution of glaciers and ice sheets depends on processes in the subglacial environment. Shear seismicity along the ice–bed interface provides a window into these processes. Such seismicity requires a rapid loss of strength that is typically ascribed to rate-weakening friction, i.e., decreasing friction with sliding or sliding rate. Many friction experiments have investigated glacial materials at the temperate conditions typical of fast flowing glacier beds. To our knowledge, however, these studies have all found rate-strengthening friction. Here, we investigate the possibility that rate-weakening rock-on-rock friction between sediments frozen to the bottom of the glacier and the underlying water-saturated sediments or bedrock may be responsible for subglacial shear seismicity along temperate glacier beds. We test this ‘entrainment-seismicity hypothesis’ using targeted laboratory experiments and simple models of glacier sliding, seismicity and sediment entrainment. These models suggest that sediment entrainment may be a necessary but not sufficient condition for the occurrence of basal shear seismicity. We propose that stagnation at the Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica may be caused by the growth of a frozen fringe of entrained sediment in the ice stream margins. Our results suggest that basal shear seismicity may indicate geomorphic activity.
Soil and landscape affecting technology transfer targeting subsistence farmers in central Tanzania
Authors: Reinhardt Nadja , Schaffert Angela , Capezzone Filippo , Chilagane Emmanuel , Swai Eliherema , Rweyemamu Cornel Lawrence , Germer Jörn , Asch Folkard , Herrmann Ludger 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article deals with technology transfer from science to agriculture with pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum(L.)R.Br.) in central Tanzania as example. The major question is which validity recommendations from different types of field experiments have and how geo-information (i.e. soil and landscape position) can lead to more site-specific recommendations. Tied ridging and reduced amounts of placed fertilizer during sowing were tested to increase yields on researcher-managed plots on-station, demonstration plots in villages, and farmer-managed plots on-farm. While on-station trials provided potential yield effects, physical distance to the station and differing conditions led to a higher informational value of village plots that mirror the context of local farmers. The treatments often resulted in significant yield increase. Soil and relief information and distance to settlements (i.e. gradient of management intensity) are key factors for data variability in on-farm trials. Unexplained variability is introduced through leaving degrees of freedom with respect to management to the farmer. Apart from soil and physiographic information, the latter should be part of a detailed data collection procedure in agronomic trials in large numbers addressing Sub-Saharan smallholder farming. Balanced data sets with dispersed trials on crucial soil and relief units are essential for future research.
Microbiological quality of milk from farms to milk powder manufacture: an industrial case study
Authors: Paludetti Lizandra F. , Kelly Alan L. , O'Brien Bernadette , Jordan Kieran , Gleeson David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe experiments reported in this research paper aimed to track the microbiological load of milk throughout a low-heat skim milk powder (SMP) manufacturing process, from farm bulk tanks to final powder, during mid- and late-lactation (spring and winter, respectively). In the milk powder processing plant studied, low-heat SMP was produced using only the milk supplied by the farms involved in this study. Samples of milk were collected from farm bulk tanks (mid-lactation: 67 farms; late-lactation: 150 farms), collection tankers (CTs), whole milk silo (WMS), skim milk silo (SMS), cream silo (CS) and final SMP. During mid-lactation, the raw milk produced on-farm and transported by the CTs had better microbiological quality than the late-lactation raw milk (e.g., total bacterial count (TBC): 3.60 ± 0.55 and 4.37 ± 0.62 log 10 cfu/ml, respectively). After pasteurisation, reductions in TBC, psychrotrophic (PBC) and proteolytic (PROT) bacterial counts were of lower magnitude in late-lactation than in mid-lactation milk, while thermoduric (LPC—laboratory pasteurisation count) and thermophilic (THERM) bacterial counts were not reduced in both periods. The microbiological quality of the SMP produced was better when using mid-lactation than late-lactation milk (e.g., TBC: 2.36 ± 0.09 and 3.55 ± 0.13 cfu/g, respectively), as mid-lactation raw milk had better quality than late-lactation milk. The bacterial counts of some CTs and of the WMS samples were higher than the upper confidence limit predicted using the bacterial counts measured in the farm milk samples, indicating that the transport conditions or cleaning protocols could have influenced the microbiological load. Therefore, during the different production seasons, appropriate cow management and hygiene practices (on-farm and within the factory) are necessary to control the numbers of different bacterial groups in milk, as those can influence the effectiveness of thermal treatments and consequently affect final product quality.
Ten years of ENT Scotland meetings: an appraisal of the publication rates of trainee-presented scientific papers
Authors: Asimakopoulos P , Charalampidis G , Chakravarthy KM , Mamais C 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe ENT Scotland society (formerly known as the Scottish Otolaryngological Society) has two meetings a year and accepts oral presentations from trainees. This study aimed to identify publication rates from these meetings.MethodsAbstracts of the presentations are published in The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. A structured search on PubMed and Google Scholar was undertaken to identify which presentations from the 2005 to 2014 meetings have been published.ResultsOf the 145 abstracts found, 60.7 per cent were presenting clinical research and 44.1 per cent were related to the head and neck subspecialty. Seventy-three abstracts (50.3 per cent) were associated with publication as a peer-reviewed article; otology papers were more likely to be published than those focusing on other subspecialties (64.3 per cent, p = 0.036). No correlation was found between publication and other factors.ConclusionPresentations at the ENT Scotland meetings undergo unbiased peer review and are as likely to be published as those of other conferences.
Are there cognitive benefits of code-switching in bilingual children? A longitudinal study
Authors: Kuzyk Olivia , Friend Margaret , Severdija Vivianne , Zesiger Pascal , Poulin-Dubois Diane 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe current study explored bilingual parent and child code-switching patterns over time. Concurrent and predictive models of code-switching behaviour on executive function outcomes were also examined in a sample of 29 French–English bilinguals at 36 (Wave 1) and 61 (Wave 2) months of age. We investigated whether code-switching typology in a single-language context predicted executive function performance at each wave independently, and whether growth in code-switching frequency across waves predicted executive function performance at Wave 2. At both waves, parents and children participated in two free play sessions (in English and French), followed by a battery of executive function tasks administered in the dominant language. Results indicate more frequent code-switching from the non-dominant to the dominant language in children, and that children code-switch to fill lexical gaps. Results also suggest that less frequent code-switching in a single-language context is associated with better inhibitory control skills during the preschool period.
Psychometric Properties of the French Brief Resilience	Scale
Authors: Jacobs Ingo , Horsch Antje 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The Brief Resilience Scale ( BRS) is a reliable and valid assessment of the self-perceived ability to bounce back or recover quickly from stress. The current study translated and validated the French version of the BRS (BRS-F) in a sample of N = 220 midwives. In a confirmatory factor analysis, the unifactorial model fitted acceptably to the data. High levels of Tucker’s φ implied that the component loadings of the BRS-F and of the original BRS are almost equal. The BRS-F demonstrated good levels of reliability and meaningful correlations with mental health symptoms and burnout. The resilience-mental health difficulties link was fully mediated through emotional exhaustion. Thus, the BRS-F is a psychometrically sound assessment of self-perceived resilience, which is now available to researchers and clinicians in French-speaking contexts. The results also suggest that the BRS-F is relevant for use by healthcare professionals who may benefit from interventions aimed at increasing their resilience.
A novel lncRNA n384546 promotes thyroid papillary cancer progression and metastasis by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-145-5p to regulate AKT3
Authors: Feng Jiajia , Zhou Qinyi , Yi Hongliang , Ma Shiyin , Li Dawei , Xu Yanan , Wang Jiadong , Yin Shankai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators in the development of cancer cells. However, the role and mechanisms of most lncRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remain unknown. In this study, we investigated lncRNA expression profiles of PTC using RNA-seq in two groups of PTC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, and validated by real-time PCR analysis in another 53 pairs of tissues. We identified a novel lncRNA, n384546, which is highly expressed in PTC tissues and cell lines. n384546 expression was associated with clinicopathological features of PTC patients, such as tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. Functionally, knockdown of n384546 inhibited PTC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we identified miR-145-5p as a key miRNA target of n384546 using online bioinformatics tools. Anti-miR-145 could partially reverse the effects of n384546 knockdown. Furthermore, we found that n384546 could regulate the expression of AKT3 by sponging miR-145-5p, which was confirmed using an in vitro luciferase assay. In conclusion, we validated n384546 as a novel oncogenic lncRNA in PTC and determined that the n384546/miR-145-5p/AKT3 pathway contributes to PTC progression, which might be used as potential therapeutic targets for PTC patients.
Alternative splicing-derived intersectin1-L and intersectin1-S exert opposite function in glioma progression
Authors: Shao Ying , Chong Wei , Liu Xiaoli , Xu Yun , Zhang Huikun , Xu Qiao , Guo Zhifang , Zhao Yawen , Zhang Ming , Ma Yongjie , Gu Feng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntersectin1 (ITSN1) contains two isoforms: ITSN1-S and ITSN1-L, which is highly regulated by alternative splicing. However, the alteration of alternative splicing and its importance in cancer is still unknown. In this study, our transcriptome analysis by using a large glioma cohort indicated the two isoforms exerted opposite function in glioma progression. Our previous results had shown ITSN1-S could promote glioma development; however, the function of ITSN1-L remained unknown. In this study, we first confirmed that ITSN1-L exerted an inhibitory role in glioma progression both in vivo and in vitro, which was contrary to the function of ITSN1-S. In additional, we also elucidated the mechanisms of ITSN1-L in inhibiting tumor progression. First, we revealed ITSN1-L could interact with α-tubulin to promote HDAC6-dependent deacetylation of ac-tubulin leading to decreased cell motility. Second, ITSN1-L could attenuate cell–substrate adhesion through FAK/integrin β3 pathway. Third, ITSN1-L was able to strengthen cell–cell adhesion by upregulating N-cadherin expression and its re-localization to membrane by ANXA2 and TUBB3/TUBB4. In conclusion, we found for the first time that two isoforms produced by alternative splicing exerted opposite functions in glioma development. Therefore, upregulation of ITSN1-L expression as well as downregulation of ITSN1-S expression probably was a better strategy in glioma treatment. Our present study laid a foundation for the importance of alternative splicing in glioma progression and raised the possibility of controlling glioma development completely at an alternative splicing level to be a more effective strategy.
No trends in spring and autumn phenology during the global warming hiatus
Authors: Wang Xufeng , Xiao Jingfeng , Li Xin , Cheng Guodong , Ma Mingguo , Zhu Gaofeng , Altaf Arain M. , Andrew Black T. , Jassal Rachhpal S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhenology plays a fundamental role in regulating photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, and surface energy fluxes and is sensitive to climate change. The global mean surface air temperature data indicate a global warming hiatus between 1998 and 2012, while its impacts on global phenology remains unclear. Here we use long-term satellite and FLUXNET records to examine phenology trends in the northern hemisphere before and during the warming hiatus. Our results based on the satellite record show that the phenology change rate slowed down during the warming hiatus. The analysis of the long-term FLUXNET measurements, mainly within the warming hiatus, shows that there were no widespread advancing (or delaying) trends in spring (or autumn) phenology. The lack of widespread phenology trends partly led to the lack of widespread trends in spring and autumn carbon fluxes. Our findings have significant implications for understanding the responses of phenology to climate change and the climate-carbon feedbacks.
A monolithic immersion metalens for imaging solid-state quantum emitters
Authors: Huang Tzu-Yung , Grote Richard R. , Mann Sander A. , Hopper David A. , Exarhos Annemarie L. , Lopez Gerald G. , Klein Amelia R. , Garnett Erik C. , Bassett Lee C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractQuantum emitters such as the diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center are the basis for a wide range of quantum technologies. However, refraction and reflections at material interfaces impede photon collection, and the emitters’ atomic scale necessitates the use of free space optical measurement setups that prevent packaging of quantum devices. To overcome these limitations, we design and fabricate a metasurface composed of nanoscale diamond pillars that acts as an immersion lens to collect and collimate the emission of an individual NV center. The metalens exhibits a numerical aperture greater than 1.0, enabling efficient fiber-coupling of quantum emitters. This flexible design will lead to the miniaturization of quantum devices in a wide range of host materials and the development of metasurfaces that shape single-photon emission for coupling to optical cavities or route photons based on their quantum state.
A comprehensive single cell transcriptional landscape of human hematopoietic progenitors
Authors: Pellin Danilo , Loperfido Mariana , Baricordi Cristina , Wolock Samuel L. , Montepeloso Annita , Weinberg Olga K. , Biffi Alessandra , Klein Allon M. , Biasco Luca 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHematopoietic Stem/Progenitor cells (HSPCs) are endowed with the role of maintaining a diverse pool of blood cells throughout the human life. Despite recent efforts, the nature of the early cell fate decisions remains contentious. Using single-cell RNA-Seq, we show that existing approaches to stratify bone marrow CD34+ cells reveal a hierarchically-structured transcriptional landscape of hematopoietic differentiation. Still, this landscape misses important early fate decisions. We here provide a broader transcriptional profiling of bone marrow lineage negative hematopoietic progenitors that recovers a key missing branchpoint into basophils and expands our understanding of the underlying structure of early adult human haematopoiesis. We also show that this map has strong similarities in topology and gene expression to that found in mouse. Finally, we identify the sialomucin CD164, as a reliable marker for the earliest branches of HSPCs specification and we showed how its use can foster the design of alternative transplantation cell products.
Senescent cells evade immune clearance via HLA-E-mediated NK and CD8+ T cell inhibition
Authors: Pereira Branca I. , Devine Oliver P. , Vukmanovic-Stejic Milica , Chambers Emma S. , Subramanian Priya , Patel Neil , Virasami Alex , Sebire Neil J. , Kinsler Veronica , Valdovinos Alexis , LeSaux Claude Jourdan , Passos João F. , Antoniou Antony , Rustin Malcom H. A. , Campisi Judith , Akbar Arne N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSenescent cells accumulate in human tissues during ageing and contribute to age-related pathologies. The mechanisms responsible for their accumulation are unclear. Here we show that senescent dermal fibroblasts express the non-classical MHC molecule HLA-E, which interacts with the inhibitory receptor NKG2A expressed by NK and highly differentiated CD8+ T cells to inhibit immune responses against senescent cells. HLA-E expression is induced by senescence-associated secretary phenotype-related pro-inflammatory cytokines, and is regulated by p38 MAP kinase signalling in vitro. Consistently, HLA-E expression is increased on senescent cells in human skin sections from old individuals, when compared with those from young, and in human melanocytic nevi relative to normal skin. Lastly, blocking the interaction between HLA-E and NKG2A boosts immune responses against senescent cells in vitro. We thus propose that increased HLA-E expression contributes to persistence of senescent cells in tissues, thereby suggesting a new strategy for eliminating senescent cells during ageing.
One-pot universal initiation-growth methods from a liquid crystalline block copolymer
Authors: Jin Bixin , Sano Koki , Aya Satoshi , Ishida Yasuhiro , Gianneschi Nathan , Luo Yunjun , Li Xiaoyu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe construction of hierarchical nanostructures with precise morphological and dimensional control has been one of the ultimate goals of contemporary materials science and chemistry, and the emulation of tailor-made nanoscale superstructures realized in the nature, using artificial building blocks, poses outstanding challenges. Herein we report a one-pot strategy to precisely synthesize hierarchical nanostructures through an in-situ initiation-growth process from a liquid crystalline block copolymer. The assembly process, analogous to living chain polymerization, can be triggered by small-molecule, macromolecule or even nanoobject initiators to produce various hierarchical superstructures with highly uniform morphologies and finely tunable dimensions. Because of the high degree of controllability and predictability, this assembly strategy opens the avenue to the design and construction of hierarchical structures with broad utility and accessibility.