bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Uveitis in Children According to Age: Comparison of Visual Outcomes and Complications
Authors: Al-Haddad Christiane , BouGhannam Alaa , Fattah Maamoun Abdul , Tamim Hani , Houry Rana , Hammam Rola 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: Uveitis in the pediatric population is uncommon, accounting for 2 to 14% of all uveitis cases, yet resulting in significant ocular morbidity. A number of studies have focused on patterns and complications of uveitis in the pediatric age group (≤ 16 years). In this report, we studied children with uveitis syndromes focusing on demographics, anatomic distribution, etiologies, treatment, and complications. We additionally divided subjects into two age groups to look into any differential characteristics pertaining to the younger age group and the role of amblyopia as a cause of visual loss.
Methods: Retrospective chart review of 80 eyes of 49 uveitis patients aged ≤16years. Subjects were categorized by age of onset into visually immature (≤8 years) and visually mature group (>8 years). Data compared between the two age groups included demographics, disease characteristics, visual outcomes and complications.
Results: Idiopathic uveitis was the most common diagnosis (51%). Anterior uveitis complications (posterior synechiae and band keratopathy) were more common in the younger group (p=0.002 and p=0.03 respectively) while posterior uveitis manifestations (vitreous haze and vasculitis) were more common in the older age group (p=0.04 and p<0.001 respectively). Amblyopia was the most common cause of vision loss in the visually immature versus cataract in the visually mature.
Conclusion: Anterior uveitis and its complications were more common in visually immature group in our cohort. Amblyopia was identified as the main cause of visual loss in the younger population.
Outcome prediction in disorders of consciousness: the role of coma recovery scale revised
Authors: Lucca Lucia Francesca , Lofaro Danilo , Pignolo Loris , Leto Elio , Ursino Maria , Cortese Maria Daniela , Conforti Domenico , Tonin Paolo , Cerasa Antonio 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the utility of the revised coma remission scale (CRS-r), together with other clinical variables, in predicting emergence from a disorder of consciousness (DoC) after intensive rehabilitation care.
Method: This is a prospective observational cohort study of consecutive 180 brain-injured patients with prolonged DoC upon admission to neurorehabilitation unit. 123 patients in a vegetative state (VS) and 57 in a minimally conscious state (MCS) were included and followed for a period of 8 weeks in the intensive care unit (ICU). Demographical and clinical factors were used as outcome measures. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were employed for examining potential predictors for clinical outcome along the time.
Results: VS and MCS groups were matched for demographical and clinical (i.e., aetiology, tracheostomy and feed administration) variables. Within 2 months after admission in intensive neurorehabilitation unit, 3.9% were dead, 35.5% had a full recovery of consciousness and 111 66.7% remained in VS or MCS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the best predictor of functional improvement were the CRS-r scores. In particular, patients with values greater than 12 at admission were those with favorable likelihood of emergence from DoC.
Conclusions: Our study highlights the role of the CRS-r scores for predicting short-term favorable outcome.
A novel mutation in N-terminal actin-binding domain of DMD presenting recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis: a case report
Authors: Lee Jong-Mok 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: Rhabdomyolysis associated with inherited conditions refers to recurrent episodes evoked by minimal exercise, history of malignant hyperthermia, familial history, or hyperCKemia between attacks.
Case presentation: We report a 17-year-old male presented recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria and hyperCKemia between attacks mimicking metabolic myopathies. The immunoreactivity to C-terminal of dystrophin from the muscle biopsy was absent. Genetic analysis revealed a novel hemizygous DMD c.119T>A (p.Leu40His) nonsense mutation in the N-terminal actin-binding domain. In-silico test for the structure of dystrophin predicted to destabilize interaction in the vicinity by losing hydrophobicity at residue 40.
Conclusion: Muscular dystrophies including dystrophinopathies should not be overlooked in the case with recurrent rhabdomyolysis.
Keywords: Dystrophinopathy; actin-binding domain; novel mutation; rhabdomyolysis; metabolic myopathy; in-silico analysis
The safety and efficiency of intravenous administration of tranexamic acid in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): A meta-analysis of 28 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Yanting , Bai Yun , Chen Minmin , Zhou Youfa , Yu Xin , Zhou Haiyan , Chen Gang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background：The safety and efficiency of intravenous administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains unconfirmed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis on this topic.
Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PUBMED and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials on the topic. The results of this work are synthetized and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement.
Results：28 studies met our inclusion criteria. TXA reduced the incidence of postoperative reoperation of bleeding (relative risk [RR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.31-0.68), the frequency of any allogeneic transfusion (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52-0.78) and the postoperative chest tube drainage in the first 24 hours by 206 ml (95% CI -248.23 to -164.15). TXA did not significantly affect the incidence of postoperative cerebrovascular accident (RR, 0.93; 95%CI, 0.62-1.39), mortality (RR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.53–1.28), myocardial infarction (RR, 0.90; 95%CI, 0.78–1.05), acute renal insufficiency (RR, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.77–1.32). However, it may increase the incidence of postoperative seizures (RR, 6.67; 95%CI, 1.77–25.20). Moreover, the subgroup analyses in the settings of on-pump and off-pump CABG and the sensitivity analyses in trials randomized not less than 100 participants or with the maximum sample size study excluded further strengthened the above results.
Conclusions: TXA is effective to reduce reoperation for bleeding, blood loss and the need for allogeneic blood products in patients undergoing CABG without increasing prothrombotic complication. However, it may increase the risk of postoperative seizures.
Key words: Coronary Artery Bypass, Postoperative Complications, Tranexamic Acid
Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Stoichiometric Response to Hydrologic Extremes in a Tributary to Lake Erie, USA
Authors: Smith D. R. , Jarvie H. P. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
C/N/P stoichiometry at the 5th and 95th percentile of discharge was compared.
Extreme low‐flow stoichiometry was N or P limited relative to other nutrients.
Extreme high‐flow N contributions from tile push stoichiometry toward the Redfield ratio.
Wastewater outflow pushes third‐order stream to the Redfield ratio for low and high flow.
Anthropogenic activities are a major cause of water quality impairment. We evaluated how hydrologic extremes (5th and 95th percentile of flow) affect carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in a tile‐drained agricultural tributary to Lake Erie. Water samples collected (2003–2009) from three sites along one agricultural drainage ditch and its receiving third‐order stream were analyzed for C, N, and P. The C/N/P concentrations were transformed to compare against the Redfield ratio (106:16:1 C/N/P), ideal for algal proliferation. Nitrogen was depleted relative to C and P at two sites on the agricultural ditch during extreme low‐flow conditions, whereas P was depleted to C and N at the third. Tile drainage N and P losses during high flows shifted stoichiometry toward the Redfield ratio. Stoichiometry in the third‐order stream was near the Redfield ratio at both hydrologic extremes, likely from wastewater treatment plant effluent.
Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) Control with Very‐Long‐Chain Fatty Acid Inhibiting Herbicides
Authors: Hay Marshall M. , Shoup Douglas E. , Peterson Dallas E. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp are difficult to control weeds and reduce yield in many crops.
VLCFA inhibiting herbicides can provide excellent residual control of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp.
VLCFA inhibiting herbicides are labeled in many common crops.
The highest rate of VLCFA inhibiting herbicide should be used for the most residual control of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp.
Herbicides must be used as part of an integrated weed management strategy.
Field experiments were established in 2015 and 2016 near Manhattan, Hutchinson, and Ottawa, Kansas to assess residual control of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) and common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer) with very‐long‐chain fatty acid (VLCFA) inhibiting herbicides. Six VLCFA inhibiting herbicides and pendimethalin were applied at three different rates (high, middle, and low) based on labeled rate ranges for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. All treatments were applied preemergence (PRE) in a non‐crop scenario after the plot area was clean tilled with a field cultivator. The experiment was conducted one time in 2015 and four times in 2016 at two locations for a total of five site years. Percent Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp control was visually estimated at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment (WAT). At Manhattan, pyroxasulfone, S‐metolachlor, and dimethenamid‐P resulted in the greatest Palmer amaranth control at both 4 and 8 WAT. At Hutchinson and Ottawa, pyroxasulfone, S‐metolachlor, and non‐encapsulated acetochlor resulted in the highest Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp control at both 4 and 8 WAT. Pyroxasulfone and S‐metolachlor were often the most effective herbicides; whereas, pendimethalin resulted in the least effective Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp control at all sites and observation times. The high use rate across all herbicides resulted in better control when compared to the low use rate across all herbicides at all sites and observation times. This research demonstrates the value of utilizing VLCFA inhibiting herbicides as an effective site of action for residual control of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp as part of integrated weed management plan.
Biochar and Water Quality
Authors: Blanco‐Canqui Humberto 
Published: December 2018

Biochar application is considered to be an emerging strategy to improve soil ecosystem services. However, implications of such application on water quality parameters have not been widely discussed. This paper synthesizes the state‐of‐the‐art research on biochar effects on water erosion, nitrate leaching, and other sources of water pollution. Literature indicates that in general, biochar application reduces runoff by 5 to 50% and soil loss by 11 to 78%, suggesting that it can be effective at reducing water erosion, but the magnitude of erosion reduction is highly variable. Co‐application of biochar with other organic amendments (i.e., animal manure, compost) appears to be more effective at reducing water erosion than biochar alone. A main mechanism by which biochar can reduce water erosion is by improving soil properties (i.e., organic C, hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability), which affect soil erodibility. This review also indicates that biochar reduces nitrate leaching, in most cases by 2 to 88%, but has mixed effect on phosphate and dissolved C leaching. Additionally, biochar effectively filters urban runoff, adsorbs pollutants, and reduces pesticides losses. Biochar feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, application amount, time after application, and co‐application with other amendments affect biochar impacts on water quality. Biochar erosion and potential reduction in nutrient and pesticide use efficiency due to the strong adsorption are concerns that deserve consideration. Overall, biochar application has the potential to reduce water erosion, nitrate leaching, pesticide losses, and other pollutant losses, but more field‐scale data are needed to better discern the extent to which biochar can improve water quality.Core Ideas
Biochar can reduce water erosion, but the magnitude of reduction is variable.
Biochar combined with other organic amendments can reduce water erosion more than biochar alone.
Biochar can reduce nitrate leaching but has mixed effects on phosphate and dissolved C leaching.
Biochar filters urban runoff, adsorbs organic pollutants, and reduces pesticide losses.
More field data on the effectiveness of biochar for improving water quality are needed.
Poultry Litter Band Placement in No‐Till Cotton Affects Soil Nutrient Accumulation and Conservation
Authors: Tewolde Haile , Shankle Mark W. , Way Thomas R. , Pote Daniel H. , Sistani Karamat R. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Applying poultry litter in bands below the soil surface leads to greater conservation of most litter‐derived nutrients.
Fertilizing cotton with poultry litter, despite supplying additional Mn, leads to reduced extractable soil Mn and tissue Mn levels.
A yearly application of 6.1 Mg ha‐1 poultry litter for three consecutive years failed to increase soil total C and N.
The effect of subsurface poultry litter band placement relative to the plant row on long‐term nutrient conservation has not been fully investigated. The objective of this study was to determine whether poultry litter band placement affects the accumulation and conservation of selected soil nutrients in a no‐till cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cropping system. The treatments consisted of an average of 6.1 Mg ha‐1 litter applied in 1.02‐m‐spaced subsurface bands (wide, SSw), 0.30‐m‐spaced subsurface bands (narrow, SSn), or 0.30‐m‐spaced surface bands (narrow, SFn); an unfertilized control (UTC); and a soil test‐based synthetic fertilizer treatment (Std). The results showed, relative to the Std, poultry litter, regardless of the placement, resulted in accumulation of extractable soil P, K, Mg, and Zn but not total C or N. A key finding in this study is that litter, despite supplying a 3‐yr total of 10.2 kg ha‐1 Mn, reduced extractable soil Mn by an average of 20% and cotton tissue Mn by as much as 40% relative to the Std treatment. The accumulation of extractable soil P and K and to some extent Mg and Zn was greater when litter was applied by subsurface rather than surface banding. The difference between the SSw and SSn treatments in extractable nutrient conservation was not consistent. Overall, this study showed applying poultry litter in subsurface bands rather than surface bands leads to greater conservation of nutrients. Regardless of the band placement, poultry litter reduced tissue and extractable soil Mn which may be beneficial to cotton production in soils with marginally low pH.
Occurrence and reduction of F-specific RNA bacteriophage genotypes as indicators of human norovirus at a wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Lee Suntae , Suwa Mamoru , Shigemura Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPHs) have been suggested as good indicators of the presence of human enteric viruses in water treatment facilities. The occurrence and reduction of norovirus (NoV) and FRNAPH genotypes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been well studied; however, the relationship between these genotypes in WWTPs has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and reduction of FRNAPH genotypes in an attempt to identify NoV indicators in a WWTP via a 1-year survey. All FRNAPH and NoV genotypes were detected in WWTP influents at high rates (71–100%), including the infectious FRNAPH genotype IV (GIV), which has been rarely detected in previous studies. The reductions of FRNAPH GII and NoV GII during wastewater treatment indicated a relationship between the two (r = 0.69, P &lt; 0.01), and the mean values were not significantly different. These results suggested that FRNAPH GII could be used as an appropriate indicator of NoV GII during wastewater treatment. FRNAPH GI was also found to be an appropriate indicator of viral reduction because of its high resistance to wastewater treatment compared with the other FRNAPH and NoV genotypes; therefore, it can be considered as a worst-case scenario organism.
Tracking Higher Order Protein Structure by Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Benhaim Mark , Lee Kelly K. , Guttman Miklos 
Published: December 2018

Background:Structural biology has provided a fundamental understanding of protein structure and mechanistic insight into their function. However, high-resolution structures alone are insufficient for a complete understanding of protein behavior. Higher energy conformations, conformational changes, and subtle structural fluctuations that underlie the proper function of proteins are often difficult to probe using traditional structural approaches. Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange with Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS) provides a way to probe the accessibility of backbone amide protons under native conditions, which reports on local structural dynamics of solution protein structure that can be used to track complex structural rearrangements that occur in the course of a protein’s function.Conclusion:In the last 20 years the advances in labeling techniques, sample preparation, instrumentation, and data analysis have enabled HDX to gain insights into very complex biological systems. Analysis of challenging targets such as membrane protein complexes is now feasible and the field is paving the way to the analysis of more and more complex systems.
Nitric Oxide in Life and Death of Neutrophils
Authors: Galkina Svetlana I. , Golenkina Ekaterina A. , Viryasova Galina M. , Romanova Yulia M. , Sud’ina Galina F. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a key signalling molecule that has an important role in
inflammation. It can be secreted by endothelial cells, neutrophils, and other cells, and once in circulation,
NO plays important roles in regulating various neutrophil cellular activities and fate.

Objective:
To describe neutrophil cellular responses influenced by NO and its concomitant compound
peroxynitrite and signalling mechanisms for neutrophil apoptosis.

Methods:
Literature was reviewed to assess the effects of NO on neutrophils.

Results:
NO plays an important role in various neutrophil cellular activities and interaction with other
cells. The characteristic cellular activities of neutrophils are adhesion and phagocytosis. NO plays a protective
role in neutrophil-endothelial interaction by preventing neutrophil adhesion and endothelial cell
damage by activated neutrophils. NO suppresses neutrophil phagocytic activity but stimulates longdistance
contact interactions through tubulovesicular extensions or cytonemes. Neutrophils are the main
source of superoxide, but NO flow results in the formation of peroxynitrite, a compound with high biological
activity. Peroxynitrite is involved in the regulation of eicosanoid biosynthesis and inhibits endothelial
prostacyclin synthase. NO and peroxynitrite modulate cellular 5-lipoxygenase activity and leukotriene
synthesis. Long-term exposure of neutrophils to NO results in the activation of cell death mechanisms
and neutrophil apoptosis.

Conclusion:
Nitric oxide and the NO/superoxide interplay fine-tune mechanisms regulating life and
death in neutrophils.
Design, Synthesis and Anti-breast Cancer Activity of Some Novel Substituted Isoxazoles as Anti-breast Cancer Agent
Authors: Mokale Santosh N. , Sakle Nikhil S. , Bhavale Swati A. , Lokwani Deepak K. , Shelke Vishakha R. 
Published: December 2018

Methods: A novel series of isoxazole (S21-S30) derivatives were designed, synthesized and screened
for their anticancer activity against estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 and negative MDA-MB-435 breast cancer
cell lines. The synthesized derivative has the ability to inhibit the growth of the human breast cancer cell line at
low concentrations. In vivo anticancer activity was performed on virgin female sprague dawley rats.

Results:
The result shows that compound S23 has more selectivity and marked estrogen modulator activity than
the standard tamoxifen.
Inhibition of Migration and Invasion of Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells by Dietary Saponins via Targeting HIF-1α
Authors: Luo Cheng , Wu Di , Chen Meiling , Miao Wenhua , Xue Changfeng , Sun Yanhui , Liu Dequan , Xie Chong , Wang Yaqin , Frenz Christopher , Deng Shanggui 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Different saponins from herbs have been used as tonic or functional foods,
and for treatment of various diseases including cancers. Although clinical data has supported the function of
these saponins, their underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well defined.

Methods:
With the simulated hypoxia created by 8 hours of Cu++ exposure and following 24 hour incubation
with different concentration of saponins in HepG2 cells for MTT assay, migration and invasion assays, and for
RT-PCR, and with each group of cells for immunofluorescence observation by confocal microscopy.

Results：
ZC-4 had the highest rate of inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay, and the highest inhibition
of migration rate by in vitro scratch assay, while ZC-3 had the highest inhibition of invasion ratio by transwell
assay. Under the same simulated hypoxia, the molecular mechanism of saponin function was conducted by
measuring the gene expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α through RT-PCR, in which ZC-3 showed
a potent inhibition of gene HIF-1α. For the protein expression by immunofluorescence staining with confocal
microscopy, HIF-1α was also inhibited by saponins, with the most potent one being ZC-4 after eight hours’
relatively hypoxia incubation.

Conclusion:
Saponins ZC-4 and ZC-3 have the potential to reduce HepG2 cell proliferation, migration and
invasion caused by hypoxia through effectively inhibiting the gene and protein expression of HIF-1α directly
and as antioxidant indirectly
Latvijas kultūras un mākslas sovetizācija pirmajā padomju okupācijas gadā: 1940. gada jūnijs – 1941. gada jūnijs
Authors: Stranga Aivars 
Published: December 2018

Kultūras un mākslas attiecības ar jauno varu – padomju režīmu – ir nopietni pētītas Latvijas vēstures literatūrā. Ilgoņa Bērsona darbi par literatūras likteņiem, Arnolda Klotiņa – par mūziku okupācijā un Ilzes Konstantes pētījumi par tēlotāju mākslu ir ievērojami pēdējo gadu sasniegumi. Šis raksts esejas formā papildina līdzšinējo faktisko materiālu, tajā veltīta uzmanība kolaborācijai un pat kolaboracionismam. Bez šo parādību plašas izplatības kultūras un mākslas sovetizācijas procesi nebūtu iespējami.