bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral mapping of glutamate using chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging in a rat model of stress‐induced sleep disturbance at 7.0T
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hoon , Woo Chul‐Woong , Kwon Jae‐Im , Chae Yeon Ji , Ham Su Jung , Suh Ji‐Yeon , Kim Sang‐Tae , Kim Jeong Kon , Kim Kyung Won , Woo Dong‐Cheol , Lee Do‐Wan 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundGlutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) imaging has been widely used in brain psychiatric disorders. Glutamate signal changes may help to evaluate the sleep‐related disorders, and could be useful in diagnosis.PurposeTo evaluate signal changes in the hippocampus and cortex of a rat model of stress‐induced sleep disturbance using GluCEST.Study TypeProspective animal study.Animal ModelFourteen male Sprague–Dawley rats.Field Strength/Sequence7.0T small bore MRI / fat‐suppressed, turbo‐rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) for CEST, and spin‐echo, point‐resolved proton MR spectroscopy (1H MRS).AssessmentRats were divided into two groups: the stress‐induced sleep‐disturbance group (SSD, n = 7) and the control group (CTRL, n = 7), to evaluate and compare the cerebral glutamate signal changes. GluCEST data were quantified using a conventional magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry in the left‐ and right‐side hippocampus and cortex. The correlation between GluCEST signal and glutamate concentrations, derived from 1H MRS, was evaluated.Statistical AnalysisWilcoxon rank‐sum test between CEST signals and multiparametric MR signals, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test between CEST signals on the left and right hemispheres, and a correlation test between CEST signals and glutamate concentrations derived from 1H MRS.ResultsMeasured GluCEST signals showed significant differences between the two groups (left hippocampus; 4.23 ± 0.27% / 5.27 ± 0.42% [SSD / CTRL, P = 0.002], right hippocampus; 4.50 ± 0.44% / 5.04 ± 0.34% [P = 0.035], left cortex; 2.81 ± 0.38% / 3.56 ± 0.41% [P = 0.004], and right cortex; 2.95 ± 0.47% / 3.82 ± 0.26% [P = 0.003]). GluCEST signals showed positive correlation with glutamate concentrations (R2 = 0.312; P = 0.038).Data ConclusionGluCEST allowed the visualization of cerebral glutamate changes in rats subjected to sleep disturbance, and may yield valuable insights for interpreting alterations in cerebral biochemical information.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1866–1872.
Inhibitory effects of homoharringtonine on foot and mouth disease virus in vitro
Authors: Gong Mei‐jiao , Li Shi‐fang , Xie Yin‐li , Zhao Fu‐rong , Shao Jun‐jun , Zhang Yong‐guang , Wang Wen‐hui , Chang Hui‐yun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFoot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that affects cloven‐hoof animals including cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and lots of wild species. Effectively control measures are urged needed. Here, we showed that homoharringtonine treatment exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against two different strains of FMDVs (O/MYA98/BY/2010 and A/GD/MM/2013) in swine kidney (IBRS‐2) cells. Further experiments demonstrated that homoharringtonine did not affect virus attachment or entry. Using time‐of‐addition assays, we found that the antiviral activity of homoharringtonine occurred primarily during the early stage of infection. These results demonstrated that homoharringtonine might be an effective anti‐FMDV drug. Further studies are required to explore the antiviral activity of homoharringtonine against FMDV replication in vivo.
Antibiofilm effect of green engineered silver nanoparticles fabricated from Artemisia scoporia extract on the expression of icaA and icaR genes against multidrug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Moulavi Pooria , Noorbazargan Hassan , Dolatabadi Aghigh , Foroohimanjili Fatemeh , Tavakoli Zahra , Mirzazadeh Sana , Hashemi Mojgan  , Ashrafi Fatemeh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are at the forefront of the swiftly developing scope of nanotechnology. In the current study, we investigated the green synthesis of AgNPs using Artemisia scoporia as a reducing and capping agent. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐Transform infrared spectroscopy, dispersive absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The efficacy of the nanoparticle synthesis was assessed by comparing the antibiofilm activity with commercial AgNPs. The effect of sub‐minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AgNPs on biofilm formation was determined by microtiter plate assay. The expression level of the icaA and icaR genes was assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay. The structural and functional aspects of AgNPs were confirmed. The expression levels of icaA and icaR in the isolates exposed to sub‐MIC of both commercial and biosynthetic AgNPs were lower and higher than in the control group, respectively. Our results also indicated that greater reduction and induction in icaA and icaR gene expression were noticed with the sub‐MIC doses of biosynthetic AgNP versus commercial AgNP, respectively. This study suggested the application of AgNPs as a significant therapeutic and clinical option in the future and usage for fabricating medical implants. Nevertheless, further investigation is required for examining the pharmaceutical and medicinal properties of AgNPs.
Insight Out: Making Creativity Visible
Authors: Vallée‐Tourangeau Frédéric , March Paul L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractModels of creative problem solving are predicated upon mental states to explain everything from the outcome of problem‐solving experiments to the emergence of artistic creativity. We present two converging perspectives that describe a profoundly different ontological description of creativity. Our analysis proceeds from a distinction between first‐order problem solving, where the agent interacts with a physical model of the problem and second‐order problem solving, where the agent must cogitate a solution to a problem that is presented as a verbal description of a state of the world but where the agent does not or cannot transform physical elements of a problem. We acknowledge the recent evidence that foregrounds the importance of working memory in problem solving, including insight problem solving. However, we stress that the impressive psychometric success is obtained with a methodology that only measures second‐order problem solving; we question whether first‐order problem solving is equally well predicted by measures of cognitive or dispositional capacities. We propose that if mental simulation is replaced by the opportunity to engage with a physical model of a problem then the environment can provide affordances that help the participant to solve problems. In the second part of the paper, we present the subjective experience of an artist as he monitors the microdecisions that occur during the morphogenesis of a large, clay, sculptural installation. The testimony is a vivid demonstration that creative action occurs, not in the brain, but in the movement between the hand and the clay. Insight becomes outsight.
A peptide derived from rice inhibits alveolar bone resorption via suppression of inflammatory cytokine production
Authors: Aoki‐Nonaka Yukari , Tabeta Koichi , Yokoji Mai , Matsugishi Aoi , Matsuda Yumi , Takahashi Naoki , Sulijaya Benso , Domon Hisanori , Terao Yutaka , Taniguchi Masayuki , Yamazaki Kazuhisa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease that results in alveolar bone resorption due to inflammatory cytokine production induced by bacterial antigens such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Here, the preventive effect of the Amyl‐1‐18 peptide derived from rice in an experimental model of periodontitis and the effect on the anti‐inflammatory response were assessed.MethodsAlveolar bone resorption, gene transcription of proinflammatory cytokines in the gingiva, and the endotoxin level in the oral cavity were evaluated after oral administration of the Amyl‐1‐18 peptide for 14 days using a ligature‐induced periodontitis model in mice. Additionally, murine macrophages were incubated with LPS of Escherichia coli or Porphyromonas gingivalis in the presence of Amyl‐1‐18 to analyze the suppressive effects of Amyl‐1‐18 on the cell signaling pathways associated with proinflammatory cytokine production, including inflammasome activities.ResultsOral administration of Amyl‐1‐18 suppressed alveolar bone resorption and gene transcription of interleukin (il)6 in the gingiva of the periodontitis model, and decreased endotoxin levels in the oral cavity, suggesting modulation of periodontal inflammation by inhibition of endotoxin activities in vivo. Also, Amyl‐1‐18 suppressed IL‐6 production induced by LPS and recombinant IL‐1β in macrophages in vitro but had no effect on inflammasome activity.ConclusionsThe Amyl‐1‐18 peptide from rice inhibited alveolar bone destruction in mouse periodontitis model via suppressing inflammatory cytokine production induced by LPS. It was suggested that Amyl‐1‐18 peptide has anti‐inflammatory property against LPS, not only by neutralization of LPS and subsequent inhibition of nuclear factor‐κB signaling but also by inhibition of the IL‐1R‐related signaling cascade.
Zinc fortification as a tool for improving sprout hygienic and nutritional quality: a factorial design approach
Authors: Jribi Sarra , Molnàr Helga , Antal Otilia Tamara , Adànyi Nóra , Kheriji Oussema , Naàr Zoltan , Debbabi Hajer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSprouting is known to improve cereal and pulse nutritional properties. However, several outbreaks of illness have been reported after raw sprout consumption. This research aimed to improve wheat sprout hygienic properties through the use of zinc diacetate. Sprouting conditions (sprouting temperature, soaking time and zinc diacetate solution concentration) were optimized to decrease total plate count, coliforms, and molds and yeasts using a factorial design approach and a desirability function.ResultsBased on the responses, the effects of variables were calculated and the interactions between them were determined. Optimal conditions were defined as follows: sprouting temperature 18 °C, soaking time 0.66 h and zinc diacetate concentration 400 mg L−1. These conditions led to the elimination of coliforms and a decrease in total flora count by 2 log. Interestingly, zinc sprouting increased the zinc content of sprouts and improved their nutritional properties.ConclusionResults showed that the use of zinc solution is a useful tool to improve sprout hygienic and nutritional properties. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Cradle‐to‐grave carbon footprint of dried organic pasta: assessment and potential mitigation measures
Authors: Cimini Alessio , Cibelli Matteo , Moresi Mauro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn several Environmental Product Declarations, the business‐to‐business carbon footprint (CFCDC) of durum wheat semolina dried pasta ranged from 0.57 to 1.72 kg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) kg−1. In this work, the business‐to‐consumer carbon footprint (CFCG) of 1 kg of dry decorticated organic durum wheat semolina pasta, as packed in 0.5 kg polypropylene bags by a South Italian medium‐sized pasta factory in the years 2016 and 2017, was assessed in compliance with the Publicly Available Specification 2050 standard method.ResultsWhereas CFCDC was mostly conditioned by the greenhouse gases emitted throughout durum wheat cultivation (0.67 vs 1.12 kg CO2e kg−1), CFCG was mainly dependent on the use and post‐consume phases (0.68 vs 1.81 kg CO2e kg−1). CFCG was more or less affected by the pasta types and packing formats used, since it varied from +0.3 to +14.8% with respect to the minimum score estimated (1.74 kg CO2e kg−1), which corresponded to long goods packed in 3 kg bags for catering service. Once the main hotspots had been identified, CFCG was stepwise reduced by resorting to a series of mitigation actions.ConclusionUse of more eco‐sustainable cooking practices, organic durum wheat kernels resulting from less impacting cultivation techniques, and renewable resources to generate the thermal and electric energy needs reduced CFCG by about 58% with respect to the above reference case. Finally, by shifting from road to rail freight transport and shortening the supply logistics of dry pasta and grains, a further 5% reduction in CFCG was achieved. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Olfactory outcomes after endoscopic skull base surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yin Linda X. , Low Christopher M. , Puccinelli Cassandra L. , O'Brien Erin K. , Stokken Janalee K. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Janus Jeffrey R. , Link Michael J. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Choby Garret 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesDetermine the effect of endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) on long‐term olfactory outcomes after surgery.MethodsAn English‐language search was conducted using the Cochrane, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases from January 2000 to October 2017 for adult patients undergoing ESBS with subjective and objective olfaction outcomes. Two authors independently examined articles to identify those meeting inclusion criteria. Studies examining objective olfactory outcomes after ESBS were included in the meta‐analysis. A random‐effects meta‐analysis of patients undergoing sellar and parasellar ESBS was conducted to compare preoperative and postoperative olfactory outcomes using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and Cross‐Cultural Smell Identification Test (CCSIT).ResultsAmong 339 eligible articles, 29 articles met inclusion criteria. Twenty‐five of these focused on sellar and parasellar tumors. Individual articles not meeting criteria for meta‐analysis were qualitatively reported. Meta‐analysis showed there was no difference in preoperative and postoperative olfactory function after sellar and parasellar ESBS based on the UPSIT (five studies, mean difference [MD] = −1.03; 95% CI: −3.98, 1.93; P = .50) and the CCIST (three studies, MD = −0.77; 95% CI: −3.03, 1.49; P = .50). A pooled overall meta‐analysis revealed similar results (eight studies, effect size = −0.30; 95% CI: −0.79, 0.18; P = .22). However, heterogeneity for all meta‐analyses was high (I2 > 95%, P < .01), suggesting significant variation in the included studies.ConclusionsBased on published objective olfaction outcomes after sellar and parasellar ESBS, there was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative olfaction. Further prospective studies using validated objective measures of olfaction are required to improve our understanding on this subject.Level of Evidence2aLaryngoscope, 129:1998–2007, 2019
Identifying erosion hotspots in Lake Tana Basin from a multisite Soil and Water Assessment Tool validation: Opportunity for land managers
Authors: Lemma Hanibal , Frankl Amaury , van Griensven Ann , Poesen Jean , Adgo Enyew , Nyssen Jan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExtensive catchment degradation throughout the Ethiopian Highlands induced by long‐term intensified land use, erosion‐prone topography, and climate causes substantial soil erosion that limits agricultural productivity and results in lake sedimentation. However, before taking soil conservation measures, management of the soil loss problem essentially needs catchment‐level modelling to estimate the geographic distribution of erosion hotspots. With the increasing availability of sediment and spatial data and development of physically based models, this study aims multisite calibration of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to map erosion hotspot areas and to assess the effect of well‐known land management alternatives in sediment reduction in the Lake Tana Basin. The SWAT simulations indicated that the goodness of fit between predicted and observed data was satisfactory for all gauge stations except for one, and the model performance was within acceptable evaluation ratings. Simulated average sediment yield (SY) for the period 2001–2016 at subbasin level varies from negligible to about 169 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (basin average 32 Mg ha−1 yr−1). High potential SY (>50 Mg ha−1 yr−1) was simulated for 23% of the subbasins in Megech, upper Rib, upper Gumara, and Gilgel Abay catchments due to steep slope topography, aggressive rainfall, croplands dominance, and low rock fragment cover. The differences in level of erosion risk among subbasins help to prioritize and target specific areas of the basin that need urgent soil conservation activities. Scenario analysis also showed that implementing stone bunds, Acacia decurrens‐based crop rotation, reforestation, and grass contour strips reduces the existing SY by 51–61% at basin level. The potential sediment production could reach tolerable levels by implementing stone bunds, tree‐based crop rotation, reforestation in steep slope areas, and grass contour strips on gentle slopes. Overall, the multisite calibration of SWAT model using the measured run‐off and sediment data produces reasonable results that may support decision makers and planners to implement relevant land management measures and thereby reduce the alarming problems of soil loss in the basin and sedimentation of Lake Tana.
Approaches to quantifying carbon emissions from degradation in pan‐tropic forests—Implications for effective REDD monitoring
Authors: Lu Heli , Liu Guifang , Zhang Chuanrong , Okuda Toshinori 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSpecial attention is needed to quantify emissions from human‐induced degradation in forest lands because these data are more uncertain and less comprehensive than deforestation data in target countries in the United Nations Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) programme. This study illustrates a Residual Trends (RESTREND) technique with a new baseline that isolates the human influence from natural climatic fluctuations to estimate emissions from forest degradation in countries across the tropics. Based on the recommended Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change methodology and framework, we found a pattern of high carbon density of 183 t C/ha in degraded areas, which was on average 1.5 times that of deforestation areas. Further analysis revealed that the initial value of carbon stock in degraded areas was about 5.45 Pg C during 2002–2012. We found that 17% of countries displayed values more than 100% of those from deforestation under the low degradation emission scenario, whereas 23% of countries displayed values less than 10% under the high degradation emission scenario. Thus, at a national level, with such an approach REDD could be further optimized and REDD targets could be achieved in an effective way.
Identification of Asparagopsis armata‐associated bacteria and characterization of their bioactive potential
Authors: Horta André , Alves Celso , Pinteus Susete , Lopes Cláudia , Fino Nádia , Silva Joana , Ribeiro Joana , Rodrigues Daniel , Francisco João , Rodrigues Américo , Pedrosa Rui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMacroalgae‐associated bacteria have already proved to be an interesting source of compounds with therapeutic potential. Accordingly, the main aim of this study was to characterize Asparagopsis armata‐associated bacteria community and evaluate their capacity to produce substances with antitumor and antimicrobial potential. Bacteria were selected according to their phenotype and isolated by the streak plate technique. The identification was carried out by the RNA ribosomal 16s gene amplification through PCR techniques. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against seven microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans) by following their growth through spectrophotometric readings. Antitumor activities were evaluated in vitro on human cell lines derived from hepatocellular (HepG‐2) and breast carcinoma (MCF‐7) using the MTT method. The present work identified a total of 21 bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio, Staphylococcus, Shewanella, Alteromonadaceae, Bacillus, Cobetia, and Photobacterium, with Vibrio being the most abundant (42.86%). The extract of Shewanella sp. ASP 26 bacterial strain induced the highest antimicrobial activity, namely against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with an IC50 of 151.1 and 346.8 μg/mL, respectively. These bacteria (Shewanella sp.) were also the ones with highest antitumor potential, demonstrating antiproliferative activity on HepG‐2 cells. Asparagopsis armata‐associated bacteria revealed to be a potential source of compounds with antitumor and antibacterial activity.
Target characteristics and correlation detection probability calculation method in photoelectric detection screen testing system
Authors: Li Hanshan , Zhang Xiaoqian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe changed environment factors will affect the capture rate of target and the detection performance in photoelectric detection screen testing system, to improve the detection performance of system, it is very necessary to establish the target optical characteristic model and correlation detection probability calculation model. Based on the detection principle of unit photoelectric detection screen and the spatial geometric relation of four photoelectric detection screens testing system, this article establishes a new target radiation characteristics calculation model by using target's radiation luminance and radiation energy, gives the output signal expression function, derived the detection probability function by signal to noise ratio (SNR) and false alarm probability. Through calculation analysis, the results show that the detection probability of four photoelectric detection screens testing system is related to the target optical characteristic, the output photoelectric current and SNR of photoelectric detection receiving sensor can describe target detection performance. According to the experiments testing, the proposed calculation model can effectively evaluate the performance of photoelectric detection screen testing system.
Nerve conduction normal values for electrodiagnosis in pediatric patients
Authors: Ryan Conor S. , Conlee Erin M. , Sharma Rishi , Sorenson Eric J. , Boon Andrea J. , Laughlin Ruple S. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionExisting normal value references for pediatric nerve conduction studies (NCS) are based on limited sample sizes with uncertain reliability, suggesting a need for better normative data.MethodsElectronic medical records were reviewed for pediatric patients (0 to <18 years) with normal findings on electromyography and NCS during the period from January 1, 1997 through September 20, 2017. Electrodiagnostic and demographic data were collected. Gaussian and descriptive statistics were used to establish normal values by age group.ResultsIn this study we analyzed 1,918 normal NCS on 1,849 unique pediatric patients. Patients were stratified by age: 0 to <1 month; 1 to <6 months; 6 to <12 months; 12 to <24 months; 2 to <3 years; 3 to <4 years; 4 to <5 years; 5 to <10 years; 10 to <15 years; and 15 to <18 years. Normal reference ranges for amplitude, conduction velocity, and distal latency were established for each age group for 4 motor and 4 sensory nerves.DiscussionThe large sample size of this study provides reliable reference values for interpreting pediatric NCS. Muscle Nerve 60: 155–160, 2019