bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Necessity of technicians for computerized neuropsychological assessment devices in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wojcik Curtis M , Rao Stephen M , Schembri Adrian J , Drake Allison S , Maruff Paul , Schindler David , Alberts Jay , Yasin Faizan , Pol Jeta , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Benedict Ralph HB 
Published: November 2018

Objective: Determine the influence of technician supervision on computer-administered cognitive tests in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Eighty MS patients underwent assessment using the CogState Brief Battery (CSBB) and the Cleveland Clinic Cognitive Battery (C3B). Each was administered twice, once with a technician guiding assessment, and once with technician-absent. Twenty-eight healthy controls were also evaluated. Results: The influence of technician guidance was not statistically significant for group means on either test. For CSBB, administration problems were more common in the technician-absent condition. Conclusion: In this MS sample, reliable and valid test results were obtained from computer-assisted cognitive testing without technician guidance.
Estimation of the permeability of hydrocarbon reservoir samples using induced polarization and nuclear magnetic resonance methods
Authors: Razavirad Fatemeh , Schmutz Myriam , Binley Andrew 
Published: November 2018

We have evaluated several published models using induced polarization (IP) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements for the estimation of permeability of hydrocarbon reservoir samples. IP and NMR measurements were made on 30 samples (clean sands and sandstones) from a Persian Gulf hydrocarbon reservoir. We assessed the applicability of a mechanistic IP-permeability model and an empirical IP-permeability model recently proposed. The mechanistic model results in a broader range of permeability estimates than those measured for sand samples, whereas the empirical model tends to overestimate the permeability of the samples that we tested. We also evaluated an NMR permeability prediction model that is based on porosity [Formula: see text] and the mean of the log transverse relaxation time ([Formula: see text]). This model provides reasonable permeability estimations for the clean sandstones that we tested but relies on calibrated parameters. We also examined an IP-NMR permeability model, which is based on the peak of the transverse relaxation time distribution, [Formula: see text] and the formation factor. This model consistently underestimates the permeability of the samples tested. We also evaluated a new model. This model estimates the permeability using the arithmetic mean of log transverse NMR relaxation time ([Formula: see text]) and diffusion coefficient of the pore fluid. Using this model, we improved estimates of permeability for sandstones and sand samples. This permeability model may offer a practical solution for geophysically derived estimates of permeability in the field, although testing on a larger database of clean granular materials is needed.
Functions of actin in mouse oocytes at a glance
Authors: Uraji Julia , Scheffler Kathleen , Schuh Melina 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Gametes undergo a specialized and reductional cell division termed meiosis. Female gametes (oocytes) undergo two rounds of meiosis; the first meiotic division produces the fertilizable egg, while the second meiotic division occurs upon fertilization. Both meiotic divisions are highly asymmetric, producing a large egg and small polar bodies. Actin takes over various essential function during oocyte meiosis, many of which commonly rely on microtubules in mitotic cells. Specifically, the actin network has been linked to long-range vesicle transport, nuclear positioning, spindle migration and anchorage, polar body extrusion and accurate chromosome segregation in mammalian oocytes. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we summarize the many functions of the actin cytoskeleton in oocytes, with a focus on findings from the mouse model system.
Grounded Running Reduces Musculoskeletal Loading
Authors: BONNAERENS SENNE , FIERS PIETER , GALLE SAMUEL , AERTS PETER , FREDERICK EDWARD C. , KANEKO YASUNORI , DERAVE WIM , DE CLERCQ DIRK 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Recent observations demonstrate that a sizeable proportion of the recreational running population runs at rather slow speeds and does not always show a clear flight phase. This study determined the key biomechanical and physiological characteristics of this running pattern, i.e., grounded running (GR), and compared these characteristics with slow aerial running (SAR) and reference data on walking at the same slow running speed.

Methods
Thirty male subjects performed instructed GR and SAR at 2.10 m·s−1 on a treadmill. Ground reaction forces, tibial accelerations, and metabolic rate were measured to estimate general musculoskeletal loading (external power and maximal vertical ground reaction force), impact intensity (vertical instantaneous loading rate and tibial acceleration), and energy expenditure. More explicit measures of muscular loading (muscle stresses and peak eccentric power) were calculated based on a representative subsample, in which detailed kinematics and kinetics were recorded. We hypothesized that all measures would be lower for the GR condition.

Results
Subjects successfully altered their running pattern upon a simple instruction toward a GR pattern by increasing their duty factor from 41.5% to 51.2%. As hypothesized, impact intensity, general measures for musculoskeletal, and the more explicit measures for muscular loading decreased by up to 35.0%, 20.3%, and 34.0%, respectively, compared with SAR. Contrary to our hypothesis, metabolic rate showed an increase of 4.8%.

Conclusions
Changing running style from SAR to GR reduces musculoskeletal loading without lowering the metabolic energy requirements. As such, GR might be beneficial for most runners as it has the potential to reduce the risk of running-related injuries while remaining a moderate to vigorous form of physical activity, contributing to fulfillment of the recommendations concerning physical activity and public health.
Quantifying Brain White Matter Microstructure of People with Lateral Ankle Sprain
Authors: TERADA MASAFUMI , JOHNSON NATHAN , KOSIK KYLE , GRIBBLE PHILLIP 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to quantify differences in white matter microstructure and static postural control in individuals with and without a previous history of a lateral ankle sprain.MethodsTen participants with a history of a lateral ankle sprain and 10 controls performed three 20-s trials of single-leg static balance on a force platform under an eyes-open condition. Resultant sample entropy (SampEn) was used to assess static postural control performance. To assess white matter microstructure, fractional anisotropy (FA) of the superior cerebellar peduncles and corticospinal tracts was quantified using diffusion tensor imaging. In the case of statistically significant differences in FA, component diffusivities were evaluated, including mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity.ResultsSignificant differences between participants with and without a history of lateral ankle sprains were observed in superior cerebellar peduncle FA and RD. Participants with a history of lateral ankle sprains had significantly lower FA in the superior cerebellar peduncle compared with controls. Participants with a history of lateral ankle sprains also demonstrated higher RD values in the superior peduncle compared with control. Finally, participants with a history of lateral ankle sprains had lower resultant SampEn values compared with controls.ConclusionFindings suggest that microstructural changes in white matter tracts governing postural control may be the biomarkers of central nervous system dysfunction in individuals with a lateral ankle sprain history.
Phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Litsea angulata extracts
Authors: Kuspradini Harlinda , Wulandari Indah , Putri Agmi Sinta , Tiya Sabeti Yulis , Kusuma Irawan Wijaya 
Published: November 2018

Background: Litsea angulata is a plant species belonging to Lauraceae family that is distributed throughout Indonesia, Malaysia, and New Guinea. The seeds have been traditionally used by local people in Kalimantan, Indonesia for the treatment of boils; however, there is no information about the potency of its branch, bark and leaves yet. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial activity as well as the phytochemical constituent of Litsea angulata branch, bark, and leaves. Methods: Extraction was performed by successive maceration method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvent. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity using the 96 well-plate microdilution broth method against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Results: Based on the phytochemical analysis, it showed that extract of L. angulata contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and coumarin. The results showed that all extracts of plant samples displayed the ability to inhibit DPPH free radical formation and all tested microorganisms. Conclusions: L. angulata contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, carotenoids, and coumarin. The antioxidant activity on different plant extracts was a range as very strong to weak capacity. All extracts in this study could inhibit the growth of S. aureus and S. mutans.
Alcoholic bitters modulates sex hormones and some biochemical parameters of testicular function in male Wistar rats
Authors: Kayode Omowumi T. , Kayode Abolanle A.A. , Nwonuma Charles O. 
Published: November 2018

Background:Alcoholic bitters have been acclaimed to boost sexual function and fertility in animals but there is no reported scientific evidence that evaluated its effects on the normal functioning of the testes. This study was therefore conducted to assess the effect of some alcoholic bitters on testicular function indices of male Wistar rats.Methods:A total of 25 male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups of five animals each and treated with distilled water, ethanol, Alomo, Striker and Orijin Alcoholic Bitters at 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.16 and 0.3 ml/kg body weight respectively for 28 days. The animals were thereafter sacrificed and the serum obtained was used for the determination of sex hormones. Assessment of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as the activity of β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were carried out using standard methods.Results:There were significant (p < 0.05) increases in protein, cholesterol, testosterone, FSH and LH, as well as in the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, SOD and CAT in all the groups of animals administered the alcoholic bitters, whereas concentration of MDA was significantly reduced (p<0.05). Concentration of triglycerides was not significantly different (p>0.05) from those of the control animals.Conclusion:The alcoholic bitters enhanced the normal functioning of the testes, the antioxidant enzymes and the release of the reproductive hormones. This may partly explain its use in boosting sexual function and fertility in male rats.
Leopards and giants, tigers and woolly bears: casting a broader net in exploring heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns
Authors: Sourakov Andrei 
Published: November 2018

Background: Studies of heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns have been restricted to a small number of species. I report observations from experiments on a broader range of taxa, including first results from swallowtails, tiger moths and microlepidoptera. Methods: Heparin injections were made in prepupal and early pupal stages of the following species representing several Lepidoptera lineages: Junonia coenia, Agraulis vanillae, Asterocampa clyton (Nymphalidae); Heraclides cresphontes, Pterourus troilus, Eurytides marcellus (Papilionidae); Hypercompe scribonia, Estigmene acrea, Hyphantria cunea (Erebidae); and Glyphodes sibillalis (Crambidae). Heparin-induced changes in wing pattern are illustrated, and advantages of using prepupal vs. pupal stages for this type of pharmacological manipulation of wing patterns are discussed. Results: In buckeyes, heparin-induced changes consisted of loss of orange parafocal elements as marginal and submarginal bands shifted basally. In gulf fritillaries, changes in black and silver markings were similar to those found in wild aberrant individuals. In tawny emperor, intermediate and extreme levels of transformation were achieved, pointing to homology of this species’ unusual eyespots to those of other nymphalids. In swallowtails, heparin-induced changes were much more restricted and proved harder to achieve, possibly indicating higher levels of stability and compartmentalization of wing patterns in this butterfly family. In tiger moths, elongation of black markings occurred so that normally distinct spots sometimes merged; in leopard moth, these changes were restricted to areas adjacent to discal spot. In pyraloid moth, changes were mostly restricted to expansion of wing marginal bands and hindwing border. Conclusions: Variation in wing pattern response to heparin found between different species and families in this study warrants further taxonomic widening of exploration of wing pattern formation mechanisms in Lepidoptera. While there are many similarities, there also seem to be very significant differences in the ways wing patterns are formed in different families of butterflies and moths.
Polish version of the Self-evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS)
Authors: Wójciak Paweł , Górna Krystyna , Domowicz Klaudia , Jaracz Krystyna , Szpalik Renata , Michalak Michał , Rybakowski Janusz 
Published: November 2018

CelCelem pracy było utworzenie polskiej wersji Skali Samooceny Objawów Negatywnych (Self-report of Negative Symptoms -SNS), ocena jej zgodności wewnętrznej oraz przeprowadzenie korelacji między oceną w skali SNS, a oceną w Krótkiej Skali Objawów Negatywnych (Brief Negative Symptom Scale – BNSS), w grupie chorych na schizofrenię.Materiał i metodyPrzeprowadzono procedurę polskiej adaptacji francuskojęzycznej wersji skali SNS obejmującej 20 punktów zorganizowanych w 5 podskal: asocjalność, spłycenie afektu, alogia, awolicja i anhedonia. Badania psychometryczne wykonano u 40 chorych na schizofrenię paranoidalną (20 mężczyzn i 20 kobiet), o nasileniu objawów w skali Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 56+16 punktów, otrzymujących niezmienione leczenie farmakologiczne w okresie ostatnich 3 miesięcyWynikiPolska wersja skali SNS została zaakceptowana przez twórcę skali, prof. Sonię Dollfus. Analiza rzetelności SNS wykazała wysokie wartości wskaźnika alfa-Cronbacha zarówno dla całej skali (0,91), jak i dla poszczególnych podskal (0,61-0,85). Skala SNS i jej podskale wykazywały istotną korelację z całkowitym wynikiem BNSS, jak również wartościami jej odpowiednich podskal, co potwierdza trafność skaliWnioskiZnamienny statystycznie poziom zgodności całej skali oraz poszczególnych jej domen z wynikami skali klinicznej BNSS przemawia za adekwatnością oceny objawów negatywnych przez samego chorego na schizofrenię. Uzyskane w niniejszej pracy dobre własności psychometryczne polskiej wersji skali SNS mogą wskazywać na jej przydatność w badaniach objawów negatywnych prowadzonych w naszym kraju
PAUL RICOEUR E UM NOVO CONCEITO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO: DA HERMENÊUTICA DOS SÍMBOLOS À HERMENÊUTICA DO DISCURSO
Authors: Tavares Manuel 
Published: November 2018

Este texto é uma reflexão sobre a riqueza da problemática hermenêutica como estruturante do pensamento de Ricoeur, seguindo o próprio percurso do autor e esclarecendo a transição de uma hermenêutica dos símbolos para uma hermenêutica do discurso, não esquecendo que o projeto do filósofo e os horizontes do seu pensamento são a construção de uma nova antropologia e de uma ontologia da compreensão do ser humano aplicáveis à problemática educacional. Esclareceremos o que se entende por hermenêutica da via longa que passa, necessariamente, por opções metodológicas, em oposição à via curta ou imediata defendida por Husserl e Heidegger; das nossas reflexões emerge a questão do mal por intermédio de uma abordagem da hermenêutica dos símbolos e dos mitos. Finalmente, a hermenêutica do discurso como produção de sentidos ocupará a última parte deste texto. O mundo humano é constituído por todas as referências abertas pelos textos, sejam poéticos, míticos ou de outra índole. A ontologia proposta por Ricoeur, ontologia quebrada, ganha maior densidade por intermédio do percurso transitório entre a hermenêutica simbólica e a hermenêutica do discurso restauradora do sentido.Palavras-chave: Paul Ricoeur; hermenêutica; hermenêutica dos símbolos; hermenêutica do discurso; mal.
Uji In Vitro Asap Cair terhadap Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis Penyebab Penyakit Darah pada Pisang
Authors: Imas Aisyah , Giyanto Giyanto , Sinaga Meity Suradji , Nawangsih Abdjad Asih , Pari Gustan 
Published: November 2018

In Vitro Test of Liquid Smoke against Ralstonia syzygii subsp. Celebesensis, the Cause of Blood Disease in Bananas Blood disease, caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis, is an important disease of banana plants in Indonesia. Several control methods have been done, but the result were not effective. Liquid smoke from wood waste is reported to be antimicrobial, but its use for controlling R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis has never been reported. Research was conducted to examine the ability of liquid smoke produced from coconut shell (CS-LS), pinecone (P-LS), and oil palm branch (OPB-LS) in inhibiting the growth of R. syzygii subsp. celebensensis in vitro and its effect on bacterial cell morphology. Efficacy test of liquid smoke was carried out by agar diffusion method and measurement of bacterial density by spectrophotometry with ʎ 600 nm. Observation of bacterial cell morphology was carried out by electron microscopy. The CS-LS, P-LS, and OPB-LS starting from 0.5% concentration showed inhibitory activity against R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis both on triphenyl tetrazolium chloride medium and luria bertani broth. Liquid smoke also caused damage to cell walls and cell membranes. Therefore, liquid smoke has the potential to be used as component in control method for R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis.
Peran Guru dalam Kegiatan Promosi Kesehatan Pencegahan Obesitas pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nugraheni Hermien , Prayoga Aryadiva N , Aida Wanda Nur 
Published: November 2018

Background: Primary school-aged children are at risk of having health problems. One of the health problems that can cause disruption of growth and development is obesity. School is one of the parties who play an important role in providing health education for children which aims to improve healthy living habits of children. The role of school primarily teacher was very important to prevent children obesity. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of teachers in health promotion activities in elementary schools for prevent obesity Method: This study was conducted using descriptive analytical design with cross sectional approach, complemented with qualitative data. The population in this study were teachers in elementary schools who appointed as health school teachers in the working area of Kedungmundu Health Center, Semarang City. Sample of this study was selected purposively by the criteria of active and inactive school health programs. The total sample was 14 teachers for each group, therefore totally 28 teachers involved in this study. Data was collected using face to face interview with trained enumerator and participants signed informed consent before interviewed. Results: level of Knowledge and attitudes of teachers about health promotion schools for preventing student’s obesity were higher between active and non-active school health program. Teacher's age and education were significantly associated with active school programs with p value 0.039 and 0.040 respectively. Teachers from active school health programs were younger (<30 years old) and have higher education (bachelor) than those who are not active school. Teachers from active school health programs are more initiative to run activities which support nutritional behavior such as provision healthy canteens and physical activities outside the class course rather than only waiting for activities from the health center.
Variability of quantitative and qualitative traits of coloured winter wheat
Authors: Žofajová Alžbeta , Havrlentová Michaela , Ondrejovič Miroslav , Juraška Maroš , Michalíková Barbora , Deáková Ľubomíra 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of research was to analyse winter wheat of different grain colour and to compare newly bred coloured genotypes from our breeding in grain yield and technological and nutritional quality. The set of seven purple, five blue and four yellow wheats of different origin, including seven newly bred genotypes from Vígľaš-Pstruša, was evaluated in the field experiments established by randomised complete block design in two replications in Piešťany, in the vegetations 2012/13 and 2013/14. In seven wheat varieties differing in grain colours (selected after two of each colour plus control red variety Ilona) anthocyanin composition was evaluated by HPLC analysis. Significant differences were between growing years and among colour groups in most analysed traits. Blue grain newly bred K 3575 699/3 showed the highest anthocyanin content (by 33.5% higher compared to blue grain registered variety Scorpion). However, blue grain genotypes showed negative agronomic traits combined with low number and grain weight per spike and high plant height. In new purple variety PS Karkulka, declared grain yield and its quality were confirmed and the highest mineral content (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) was found in selected set. Purple grain newly bred PS 5711 had lower anthocyanin content (by 17.7%), but in quality it was comparable to PS Karkulka. Varieties with yellow endosperm showed the highest number and weight of grains per spike, however it was significantly lower to Ilona. The breeding goal of coloured winter wheat is still to improve the grain yield as well as additional agronomics traits.
Phenotyping Root System Architecture of Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) Grown Under Salinity
Authors: Mottaleb Shady A. , Darwish Essam , Mostafa Menna , Safwat Gehan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Soil salinity causes an annual deep negative impact to the global agricultural economy. In this study, the effects of salinity on early seedling physiology of two Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) cultivars differing in their salinity tolerance were examined. Also the potential use of a low cost mini-rhizotron system to measure variation in root system architecture (RSA) traits existing in both cultivars was assessed. Salt tolerant cotton cultivar ‘Giza 90’ produced significantly higher root and shoot biomass, accumulated lower Na+/K+ ratio through a higher Na+ exclusion from both roots and leaves as well as synthesized higher proline contents compared to salt sensitive ‘Giza 45’ cultivar. Measuring RSA in mini-rhizotrons containing solid MS nutrient medium as substrate proved to be more precise and efficient than peat moss/sand mixture. We report superior values of main root growth rate, total root system size, main root length, higher number of lateral roots and average lateral root length in ‘Giza 90’ under salinity. Higher lateral root density and length together with higher root tissue tolerance of Na+ ions in ‘Giza 90’ give it an advantage to be used as donor genotype for desirable root traits to other elite cultivars.