bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Therapists’ Falls Prevention Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices in Osteoarthritis Care: A National Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ackerman Ilana N. , Soh Sze‐Ee , Barker Anna L. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate physical therapists’ knowledge, beliefs, and current practices around falls prevention in osteoarthritis (OA) care.MethodsCurrently registered, practicing Australian physical therapists who care for patients with hip and/or knee OA were invited to participate in this cross‐sectional study. A comprehensive online survey was used to collect data that were analyzed descriptively or using chi‐square tests; free‐text responses were classified into key themes for analysis.ResultsComplete responses were received from 370 eligible physical therapists, with broad representation across Australian states and practice settings. Participants worked in public and private hospitals, community health centers, private practices, and aged‐care facilities. The sample ranged from new graduates to experienced physical therapists (47% had practiced ≥11 years). Despite the majority having specific training or access to educational resources, physical therapists reported only moderate confidence in assessing falls risk (median 7 [interquartile range (IQR) 6–8]; range 0 [not at all confident] to 10 [extremely confident]) and delivering falls prevention care (median 7 [IQR 6–8]). While most participants asked about falls history (88%), only 39% used falls‐risk screening tools, and of these, relatively few used appropriate tools. Time constraints (including competing clinical priorities) were the most frequently perceived barrier to including falls prevention activities within OA care.ConclusionThis national snapshot of contemporary OA practice has revealed clear opportunities for optimizing clinician confidence and skills to facilitate the uptake of best‐practice falls prevention strategies. Improving practice in this area may yield substantial benefits to patients and the health system if more falls can be prevented.
Prevalence of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in the Alaska Native Population
Authors: Khodra Beverly , M. Stevens Anne , Ferucci Elizabeth D. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in Alaska Native children.MethodsPotential cases of JIA were identified by querying administrative data from hospitals and clinics in the Alaska Tribal Health System for codes possibly identifying JIA. Medical record abstraction was performed to confirm criteria met for JIA, demographic and clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns. Individuals age ≤18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of JIA were included. The denominator for prevalence was the 2015 Alaska Area Indian Health Service user population age of ≤18 years.ResultsThe unadjusted prevalence of JIA in Alaska Native children was 74.6 per 100,000 (age‐adjusted 79.0 per 100,000). JIA was more common in females than males (unadjusted prevalence 105.8 versus 45.0 per 100,000). Oligoarthritis was the most common subtype (31% of cases), but polyarthritis and enthesitis‐related arthritis were also common (26% and 24% of cases, respectively), with a notably high prevalence of enthesitis‐related arthritis. The median age at diagnosis was 9 years. Of the combined cohort with results available, 56% were antinuclear antibody positive, 23% were rheumatoid factor positive, 19% were anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody positive, and 57% had the presence of HLA–B27. Uveitis had been diagnosed in 16% of cases.ConclusionThe prevalence of JIA in Alaska Native children may be higher than the general US population. Enthesitis‐related arthritis makes up a higher proportion of cases than in other populations described likely because of the high prevalence of HLA–B27 in this population.
When Prussian Blue Meets Porous Gold Nanoparticles: A High Signal‐to‐Background Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Probe for Cellular Biomarker Imaging
Authors: Li Xuejing , Zeng Erzao , Di Huixia , Li Qiang , Ji Jingwei , Yang Jie , Liu Dingbin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProfiling cellular biomarkers without the interference of endogenous signals could facilitate the investigation of complex intracellular biological events and provide new possibilities for precision disease diagnosis. Herein, a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probe with a high signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) for cellular biomarker imaging is constructed. The probes are prepared by incorporating Prussian blue (PB) with porous gold nanoparticles (p‐Au NPs). Due to their rich built‐in Raman hotspots, the p‐Au NPs are excellent SERS substrates that can significantly amplify the signals of the incorporated PB. In parallel, PB shows a single peak in the cellular silent region, where the signals from the probes and endogenous molecules can be completely resolved without the need of complex spectral unmixing. As a consequence, the combination of probe signal enhancement and background elimination endows the SERS probes with an extremely high SBR. To evaluate their performance in biomarker imaging, the high‐SBR SERS probes are utilized to profile folic acids at a single‐cell level. This background‐free, high‐precision imaging technique is conducive to early diagnosis and therapeutic response of cancer that is of great importance in clinical settings.
Quasiepitaxy Strategy for Efficient Full‐Inorganic Sb2S3 Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Hui , Zeng Yiyu , Ishaq Muhammad , Yuan Shengjie , Zhang Huan , Yang Xiaokun , Hou Mingming , Farooq Umar , Huang Jialiang , Sun Kaiwen , Webster Richard , Wu Hao , Chen Zhenhua , Yi Fei , Song Haisheng , Hao Xiaojing , Tang Jiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAntimony sulfide (Sb2S3) as a wide‐bandgap, nontoxic, and stable photovoltaic material reveals great potential for the uppermost cells in Si‐based tandem cell stacks. Sb2S3 solar cells with a compatible process, acceptable cost, and high efficiency therefore become the mandatory prerequisites to match silicon bottom cells. The performance of vacuum processed Sb2S3 device is pinned by bulk and interfacial recombination. Herein, a thermally treated TiO2 buffer layer induces quasiepitaxial growth of vertical orientation Sb2S3 absorber overcoming interface defects and absorber transport loss. Such novel growth could pronouncedly improve the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) due to the superior interface quality and intraribbon transport. The epitaxial rough Sb2S3 surface shows a texturized‐like morphology. It is optimized by tuning the grain sizes to form strong light trapping effect, which further enhances the short‐circuit current density (Jsc) with a 16% improvement. The final optimal device with high stability obtains a power conversion efficiency of 5.4%, which is the best efficiency for full‐inorganic Sb2S3 solar cells. The present developed quasiepitaxy strategy supports a superior interface, vertical orientation, and surface light trapping effect, which provides a new perspective for efficient noncubic material thin film solar cells.
Highly Stable Core–Shell Structured Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for FRET‐Based Intracellular pH Imaging
Authors: Bao Biqing , Su Peng , Yang Zhenyuan , Zhai Xue , Zhang Jingjing , Xu Yu , Liu Yunfei , Gu Bingbing , Wang Lianhui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHighly stable semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (NPs) (poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl) (PFO)/ poly(fluorene‐2,7‐ylenevinylene‐co‐phenylene) (PFV)‐dopamine (DA) NPs) with previously unreported core–shell structure are developed for ratiometric sensing of intracellular pH values. PFO/PFV‐DA NPs comprise central polyfluorene (PFO) as donor and PFV as acceptor, in which the donor and acceptor are spatially separated into the central core and nanoparticle shell. Specifically, thick PFV shells can not only significantly minimize the quenching interference of dopamine on the emission of standard reference (PFO), but are also able to maximize its accessibility to pH‐sensitive dopamine and lead to sensitive response to pH changes. The resulting core–shell PFO/PFV NPs are structurally and optically stable, which can avoid the photobleaching and leakage of materials issues compared to traditional semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs)‐based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) systems containing small molecules. Additionally, the designed compact PFO/PFV‐DA NPs show quantitative response to the pH values in aqueous media and are capable of mapping intracellular pH fluctuations by ratiometric imaging. This work may open up opportunities for the generalizability of the consistent ratiometric emission intensity strategy based on core–shell structured SPNs nanoprobes for highly sensitive biological sensing.
A Filter Paper‐Based Nanogenerator via Water‐Drop Flow
Authors: Lu Yuanchao , Wu Hui , Yang Qunqing , Ping Jianfeng , Wu Jian , Liu Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWith the increase in energy crisis, it is a promising strategy to develop a nanogenerators for harvesting small amounts of energy. Herein, a flexible and robust filter paper‐based nanogenerator (FPNG), fabricated by printing a modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes ink slurry on filter papers with the specific as‐designed shape, is developed. The results show that the streaming voltage and current are induced from the water‐drop flow across the surface of FPNG, such as rainwater. Compared with the energy‐harvesting performance of FPNG under different conditions, the maximum streaming voltage is obtained with 20 mL h−1 injection speed of 1 × 10−3 m NaCl solution at 75° placement angle for quantitative medium speed FPNG. Under optimum conditions, the power reaches to 9.91 ± 1.39 pW per droplet. Then, the streaming voltage and current produced from dropping rainwater onto the FPNG are investigated and the power is 2.4 ± 0.65 pW per droplet. It is assumed that there are abundant pores and oxygen‐containing functional groups on the surface of filter papers with overlapped and crosslinked morphology, providing vast active sites and ion diffusion channels to enhance the electric double layer capacitance. Therefore, FPNG has good prospects for applications in harvesting energy from water‐drops.
Flexible Indium‐Tin‐Oxide Homojunction Thin‐Film Transistors with Two In‐Plane Gates on Cellulose‐Nanofiber‐Soaked Papers
Authors: Liu Zehua , Nie Sha , Luo Jie , Gao Ya , Wang Xiangyu , Wan Qing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFlexible indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐based homojunction thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated on cellulose‐nanofiber‐soaked paper substrates. The paper is simultaneously used as the gate dielectric and substrate. Source/drain electrodes and a channel layer are sputtered by one‐step radio‐frequency sputtering deposition. The paper exhibits a very large specific electric‐double‐layer capacitance of 2.3 µF cm−2 due to the existence of mobile protons. The flexible ITO‐based TFTs can operate at a low voltage of 2.0 V and show a relatively high ION/IOFF ratio of 7.5 × 106. Furthermore, no obvious electrical degradation is observed at various bending radii. Finally, inverter and NAND logic operation are demonstrated by the TFTs together with two in‐plane gates. Such flexible homojunction TFTs on low‐cost and biodegradable paper are promising for portable paper electronics.
Advances in screening instruments for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhou Xianbo , Ashford J. Wesson 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAt its fundamental basis, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a pathological process that affects neuroplasticity, leading to a specific disruption of episodic memory. This review will provide a rationale for calls to screen for the early detection of AD, appraise the currently available cognitive instruments for AD detection, and focus on the development of the MemTrax test, which provides a new approach to detect the early manifestations and progression of the dementia associated with AD. MemTrax assesses metrics that reflect the effects of neuroplastic processes on learning, memory, and cognition, which are affected by age and AD, particularly episodic memory functions, which cannot presently be measured with enough precision for meaningful use. Further development of MemTrax would be of great value to the early detection of AD and would provide support for the testing of early interventions.
Molecular Engineering of Conjugated Acetylenic Polymers for Efficient Cocatalyst‐free Photoelectrochemical Water Reduction
Authors: Sun Hanjun , Öner Ibrahim Halil , Wang Tao , Zhang Tao , Selyshchev Oleksandr , Neumann Christof , Fu Yubin , Liao Zhongquan , Xu Shunqi , Hou Yang , Turchanin Andrey , Zahn Dietrich R. T. , Zschech Ehrenfried , Weidinger Inez M. , Zhang Jian , Feng Xinliang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConjugated polymers featuring tunable band gaps/positions and tailored active centers, are attractive photoelectrode materials for water splitting. However, their exploration falls far behind their inorganic counterparts. Herein, we demonstrate a molecular engineering strategy for the tailoring aromatic units of conjugated acetylenic polymers from benzene‐ to thiophene‐based. The polarized thiophene‐based monomers of conjugated acetylenic polymers can largely extend the light absorption and promote charge separation/transport. The C≡C bonds are activated for catalyzing water reduction. Using on‐surface Glaser polycondensation, as‐fabricated poly(2,5‐diethynylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) on commercial Cu foam exhibits a record H2‐evolution photocurrent density of 370 μA cm−2 at 0.3 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode among current cocatalyst‐free organic photocathodes (1–100 μA cm−2). This approach to modulate the optical, charge transfer, and catalytic properties of conjugated polymers paves a critical way toward high‐activity organic photoelectrodes.
Self‐healing semi‐IPN materials from epoxy resin by solvent‐free furan–maleimide Diels–Alder polymerization
Authors: Zolghadr Mohsen , Shakeri Alireza , Zohuriaan‐Mehr Mohammad Jalal , Salimi Ali 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTNovel self‐healing Diels–Alder (DA) polymer and the corresponding semi‐interpenetrated polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) were synthesized and characterized. Initially, a furan‐functionalized resin (FFR) was synthesized through the ring‐opening reaction of a conventional epoxy resin [diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA)] with furfuryl alcohol as a bio‐based compound. Subsequently, semi‐IPNs with different compositions were obtained through the blending of DGEBA, FFR, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane, and 1,1′‐(methylenedi‐1,4‐phenylene) bismaleimide in the molten state by following a predetermined time–temperature program. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of the materials. Thermoreversibility via retro‐DA (rDA) reaction was evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and sol–gel transition tests. Repeated DSC cycle was successfully performed thrice on the DA polyadduct which corroborated repeatability of the DA/rDA association/dissociation. Self‐healing and mechanical properties were preliminarily evaluated by scanning electronic microscopy and flexural testing analyses, respectively. The self‐healing efficiencies were around 80 and 95% for semi‐IPN and DA polyadduct, respectively, based on flexural strength. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48015.
Effect of poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) and UV irradiation on the melt rheology and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Zhao Guoqing , Thompson Michael R. , Zhu Zhirong 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTTo improve the suitability of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) for implantable devices, it ideally needs greater ductility without losses in strength. Here biodegradable poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOx) was selected as an additive to improve hydrophilicity of PLA as well as mechanical properties, while UV irradiation was considered as a bulk modification method to increase the long‐term stability. The PLA blend showed improved tensile strength and elongation‐at‐break with small amounts of PEtOx added (1.5 wt %). Crosslinking by UV irradiation showed significant improvements with a dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst even though it produced a high degree of chain scission during melt processing. After UV irradiation for 150 h, the crosslinked material recovered mechanical properties and melt rheological properties comparable to the initial PLA‐1.5%PEtOx blend (without catalyst added). Crosslinking was only possible with the added PEtOx present. A mechanism for the crosslinking reactions examined has been proposed since it has not been previously reported in the literature. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48023.
A Z‐Scheme Strategy that Utilizes ZnIn2S4 and Hierarchical VS2 Microflowers with Improved Charge‐Carrier Dynamics for Superior Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Gogoi Gaurangi , Moi Ching Thian , Patra Anindya Sundar , Gogoi Devipriya , Rao Peela Nageswara , Qureshi Mohammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOne of the major limiting factors for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation is the fast recombination kinetics of photogenerated charge carriers. Herein, we propose a model system that utilizes ZnIn2S4 and hierarchical VS2 microflowers for efficient charge separation through a Z‐scheme pathway, without the need for an electron mediator. An impressive 18‐fold increase in photocurrent was observed for ZnIn2S4–VS2 compared to ZnIn2S4 alone. The charge‐transfer dynamics in the composite were found to follow a Z‐scheme pathway, which resulted in decreased charge recombination and greater accumulation of the surface charge. Furthermore, slow kinetics of the surface reaction in the ZnIn2S4–VS2 composite correlated to an increased surface‐charge capacitance. This feature of the composite material facilitated partial storage of the photogenerated charge carriers (e−/h+) under illumination and dark‐current conditions, thus storing and utilizing solar energy more efficiently.
Robust non‐fragile approach to resilient design of PID‐based blade pitch control for wind energy conversion system
Authors: Ebrahim Mohamed Ahmed , Ramadan Haitham Saad , Soliman Mahmoud 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe design of a blade pitch controller (BPC) for wind energy conversion system (WECS) applications is load‐dependent and has to be adjusted for each operating condition. Thus, BPC robustness is important for coping with the endless variations in operating conditions. The boundaries of a robust stability region are determined in regards to the controller parameters plane using their relevant set of polynomial inequalities via Referential Integrity between Routh‐Hurwitz criterion and Root‐Locus (RI‐RH/RL) approach. Constrained and unconstrained stability regions respectively are defined through a novel hybrid control technique based on the combination of both RI‐RH/RL and Kharitonov (Kh) theorem. The hybrid RI‐Kh method is used for globally analyzing all vertex plants to ensure the proposed controller robustness, non‐fragility, and resilience by selecting its parameters at the center of the robust stability region. The optimal BPC‐PID parameters estimated using different optimization techniques are always located within the specified stability region. Thus, the capability of the RI‐Kh approach in determining the most robust, non‐fragile and resilient controller is verified. Through simulation results, the effectiveness of the proposed approach and its applicability to WECS' global stabilization are validated.
Clustering of co‐occurring conditions in autism spectrum disorder during early childhood: A retrospective analysis of medical claims data
Authors: Vargason Troy , Frye Richard E. , McGuinness Deborah L. , Hahn Juergen 
Published: May 2019

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are frequently affected by co‐occurring medical conditions (COCs), which vary in severity, age of onset, and pathophysiological characteristics. The presence of COCs contributes to significant heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of ASD between individuals and a better understanding of COCs may offer greater insight into the etiology of ASD in specific subgroups while also providing guidance for diagnostic and treatment protocols. This study retrospectively analyzed medical claims data from a private United States health plan between years 2000 and 2015 to investigate patterns of COC diagnoses in a cohort of 3,278 children with ASD throughout their first 5 years of enrollment compared to 279,693 children from the general population without ASD diagnoses (POP cohort). Three subgroups of children with ASD were identified by k‐means clustering using these COC patterns. The first cluster was characterized by generally high rates of COC diagnosis and comprised 23.7% (n = 776) of the cohort. Diagnoses of developmental delays were dominant in the second cluster containing 26.5% (n = 870) of the cohort. Children in the third cluster, making up 49.8% (n = 1,632) of the cohort, had the lowest rates of COC diagnosis, which were slightly higher than rates observed in the POP cohort. A secondary analysis using these data found that gastrointestinal and immune disorders showed similar longitudinal patterns of prevalence, as did seizure and sleep disorders. These findings may help to better inform the development of diagnostic workup and treatment protocols for COCs in children with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1272–1285. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryMedical conditions that co‐occur with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) vary significantly from person to person. This study analyzed patterns in diagnosis of co‐occurring conditions from medical claims data and observed three subtypes of children with ASD. These results may aid with screening for co‐occurring conditions in children with ASD and with understanding ASD subtypes.
Nurturescience versus neuroscience: A case for rethinking perinatal mother–infant behaviors and relationship
Authors: Bergman Nils J. , Ludwig Robert J. , Westrup Björn , Welch Martha G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBehavioral and emotional outcomes for babies who experienced maternal separation due to prematurity or birth defects have not improved significantly for the last 20 years. Current theories and treatment paradigms based on neuroscience have not generated explanatory mechanisms that work, or provided testable hypotheses. This article proposes a new field of scientific investigation, “nurturescience” within which new hypotheses can be tested with novel instruments. Key distinctions between neuroscience and nurturescience are described. Our definition of nurturescience is based on the basic needs of all newborns and of the needs of mothers and their families. This understanding is drawn from biology, anthropology, sociology, physiological, and clinical research. Mechanisms are described from studies on microbiota, epigenetics, allostasis, brain imaging, and developmental origins of health and adult disease. The converging message from these and other fields is that the mother–infant dyad should not be separated. Ongoing emotional connection is the cornerstone of development, leading to life‐long resilience. This has implications for making the correct diagnosis (emotional disconnection vs. attachment disorder), providing the appropriate care (infant and family centered developmental care) in the biologically expected place (skin‐to‐skin contact), and potential for rehabilitation (calming cycle theory). Nurturescience has particular relevance to the care of “small and sick” infants, with profound potential for decreasing the “likelihood of developing developmental problems.”