bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyherbal Antioxidant Topical Preparation Comprising Ethanol Extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum and Ocimum gratissimum: Formulation and Evaluation
Authors: Ilomuanya Margaret O. , Akhimien Thomas , Aghaizu Chinelo , Adeyinka Oluwatobiloba , Ajayi Tolulope 
Published: December 2018

The use of antioxidants is an effective approach to prevent symptoms related to photo-induced aging of the skin. The aim of this research work was to formulate and evaluate a polyherbal antioxidant face cream using the ethanol extracts of Tetracarpidium conophorum and Ocimum gratissimum. The ethanol extract of the herbs was incorporated at varying concentrations into six different emulsion bases. Antioxidant activity of the formulations was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The formulations were evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability and microbial content. Accelerated stability tests were performed on all the formulations to assess stability at varying storage conditions. All the formulations showed good spreadability, good consistency, homogeneity, appearance, pH and no phase separation occurred. Non-Newtonian pseudo-plastic flow influenced by increased shear was experienced by all the formulations. Concentration dependent antioxidant activity was observed with FC2 and FC4 showing the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 80.1 and 83.2 μg/ml, respectively. The polyherbal antioxidant preparation containing extracts of T. conophorum and O. gratissimum shown to exhibit excellent antioxidant properties. It can serve to protect the skin from reactive oxygen species created by UV radiation and environmental toxin, thus protecting the skin from photo aging.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 213-219, 2018 (December)
Thrombolytic, Membrane Stabilizing and Hypoglycemic Activities of Anethum sowa Linn.
Authors: Mansur Muhammad Abdullah Al , Siddiqi M Mahboob Ali , Saha Koushik 
Published: December 2018

The hexane (HE), dichloromethane (DCME), ethyl acetate (EAE) and methanol (ME) extracts of seed and stem of Anethum sowa were subjected to screenings for thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing and hypoglycemic activities. Ethyl acetate extract of stem showed highest thrombolytic activity. In addition, the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extract of seed revealed higher percentage (%) of inhibition in hypotonic solution induced hemolysis. In hypoglycemic activity, the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of stem and seed displayed significant blood glucose lowering effect.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 237-241, 2018 (December)
Stereospermum suaveolens (Roxb.) DC. Shows Potential in vivo and in vitro Bioactivities
Authors: Moniruzzaman Md , Kuddus Md Ruhul , Haque Mohammad Rashedul , Chowdhury AM Sarwaruddin , Rashid Mohammad A 
Published: December 2018

The methanol extract of Stereospermum suaveolens (Roxb.) DC was investigated for antidiabetic, antidiarrheal and analgesic activities in Swiss Albino mice. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test where the crude extract of S. suaveolens (400 mg/kg b.w.) exhibited 56.10% reduction of blood glucose level as compared to 58.53% by standard glibenclamide (0.1 mg/kg b.w.). In the castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice, the plant extract, at the dose of 400 mg/kg b.w. demonstrated 42.11% reduction of diarrheal feces, while the standard loperamide revealed 57.89% reduction of diarrheal feces. The analgesic activity of S. suaveolens was assessed by both radiant heat tail-flick and acetic acid-induced writhing test. The methanolic extract and different Kupchan fractions of S. suaveolens were also subjected to screening for total phenolic content, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, membrane stabilizing, thrombolytic and antimicrobial activities. In the DPPH assay, the aqueous soluble fraction of methanolic extract revealed highest antioxidant properties with IC50 value of 18.99 μg/ml. The membrane stabilizing activity was assessed by hypotonic solution- and heat-induced methods and was compared with standard acetyl salicylic acid. In hypotonic solution-induced haemolysis, the hexane and carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction inhibited 54.42% and 52.67% haemolysis of RBCs, respectively. On the other hand, in heat-induced haemolysis, the chloroform soluble fraction inhibited the haemolysis of RBC by 57.10% as compared to 72.09% produced by acetyl salicylic acid. In antimicrobial assay by disc diffusion method, only the hexane and carbon tetrachloride soluble fractions demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition = 7.0-15.0 mm) against the test organisms.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 257-263, 2018 (December)
An Increased Rate of Large Flares at Intermediate Rotation Periods for Mid-to-late M Dwarfs
Authors: Mondrik Nicholas , Newton Elisabeth , Charbonneau David , Irwin Jonathan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present an analysis of flares in mid-to-late M dwarfs in the MEarth photometric survey. We search 3,985,155 observations across 2226 stars, and detect 54 large (Δm ≥ 0.018) flares in total, distributed across 34 stars. We combine our flare measurements with recent activity and rotation period results from MEarth to show that there is an increase in flares per observation from low Rossby number (R

o
< 0.04, rapid rotators) to intermediate Rossby number (0.04 < R

o
< 0.44, intermediate rotators) at the 99.85% confidence level. We additionally find an increased flare rate from the high Rossby number population (R

o
> 0.44, slow rotators) to the intermediate population at the 99.97% level. We posit that the rise in flare rate for intermediate R

o
could be due to changing magnetic field geometry on the surface of the star.
Precise Ages of Field Stars from White Dwarf Companions
Authors: Fouesneau Morgan , Rix Hans-Walter , von Hippel Ted , Hogg David. W. , Tian Haijun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Observational tests of stellar and Galactic chemical evolution call for the joint knowledge of a star’s physical parameters, detailed element abundances, and precise age. For cool main-sequence (MS) stars the abundances of many elements can be measured from spectroscopy, but ages are very hard to determine. The situation is different if the MS star has a white dwarf (WD) companion and a known distance, as the age of such a binary system can then be determined precisely from the photometric properties of the cooling WD. As a pilot study for obtaining precise age determinations of field MS stars, we identify nearly 100 candidates for such wide binary systems: a faint WD whose GPS1 proper motion matches that of a brighter MS star in Gaia/TGAS with a good parallax (σ

ϖ
/ϖ ≤ 0.05). We model the WD’s multi-band photometry with the BASE-9 code using this precise distance (assumed to be common for the pair) and infer ages for each binary system. The resulting age estimates are precise to ≤10% (≤20%) for 42 (67) MS–WD systems. Our analysis more than doubles the number of MS–WD systems with precise distances known to date, and it boosts the number of such systems with precise age determination by an order of magnitude. With the advent of the Gaia DR2 data, this approach will be applicable to a far larger sample, providing ages for many MS stars (that can yield detailed abundances for over 20 elements), especially in the age range of 2–8

, where there are only few known star clusters.
Follow-up Timing of Three GMRT Pulsars
Authors: Surnis Mayuresh. P. , Joshi Bhal Chandra , McLaughlin Maura A. , Krishnakumar M. A. , Manoharan P. K. , Naidu Arun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We report on the results of multi-frequency follow-up observations of three pulsars (PSRs J0026+6320, J2208+5500, and J2217+5733) discovered with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). These observations were carried out with the GMRT and the Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT). We report improved timing solutions for all three pulsars. For PSR J2208+5500, we estimate the nulling fraction to be 53(3)%. The steep spectrum of this pulsar, its single component profile, and narrow pulse width suggest its single component to be a core component. If so, this significant cessation of emission in a core component is inconsistent with a geometric origin of nulls, such as those due to “empty” sightline traverses, and more likely due to intrinsic changes in the pulsar magnetosphere. We have measured scatter-broadening timescales at 325 and 610 MHz for PSRs J0026+6320 and J2217+5733. The implied scatter-broadening frequency scaling index of −2.9 for both pulsars is different from that expected assuming Kolmogorov turbulence in the interstellar medium. We also report spectral indices, obtained from imaging observations, for all three pulsars for the first time. The spectra for two of these pulsars indicate a possible spectral turnover between 100 and 300 MHz. Multi-frequency timing analyses carried out for these pulsars have enabled us to determine dispersion measures with accuracies of 0.01 pc cm−3. This demonstrates the usefulness of quasi-simultaneous multi-frequency multi-epoch timing observations with the GMRT and the ORT for studying variations in DM for millisecond pulsars.
Testing General Relativity with the Black Hole Shadow Size and Asymmetry of Sagittarius A*: Limitations from Interstellar Scattering
Authors: Zhu Ziyan , Johnson Michael D. , Narayan Ramesh 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Event Horizon Telescope, a global 230 GHz very-long-baseline interferometry array, achieves angular resolution of

, sufficient to resolve the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). This resolution may soon enable measurements of the black hole “shadow” size and asymmetry, predicted to be ≈50 and ≲3 μas, respectively. Measurements that depart from these values could indicate a violation of the “no-hair theorem.” However, refractive scattering by the turbulent ionized interstellar medium distorts the image of Sgr A*, affecting its apparent size and asymmetry. In this paper, we present a general analytic approach to quantify the expected image wander, distortion, and asymmetry from refractive scattering. If the turbulence in the scattering material of Sgr A* is close to Kolmogorov, we estimate the mean refractive image wander, distortion, and asymmetry to be 0.53, 0.72, and 0.52 μas at 230 GHz. However, alternative scattering models with flatter power spectra can yield larger values, up to 2.1, 6.3, and 5.0 μas, respectively. We demonstrate that these effects can be reduced by averaging images over multiple observations. For a small number of observations, the effects of scattering can be comparable to or greater than those from black hole spin, and they determine a fundamental limit for testing general relativity via images of Sgr A*.
Asymmetric Line Profiles in Dense Molecular Clumps Observed in MALT90: Evidence for Global Collapse
Authors: Jackson James M. , Whitaker J. Scott , Rathborne J. M. , Foster J. B. , Contreras Y. , Sanhueza Patricio , Stephens Ian W. , Longmore S. N. , Allingham David 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Using molecular line data from the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz Survey, we have searched the optically thick HCO+ (1–0) line for the “blue asymmetry” spectroscopic signature of infall motion in a large sample of high-mass, dense molecular clumps observed to be at different evolutionary stages of star cluster formation according to their mid-infrared appearance. To quantify the degree of the line asymmetry, we measure the asymmetry parameter

, the fraction of the integrated intensity that lies to the blueshifted side of the systemic velocity determined from the optically thin tracer N2H+ (1–0). For a sample of 1093 sources, both the mean and median of A are positive (

and 0.065 ± 0.009, respectively) with high statistical significance, and a majority of sources (a fraction of 0.607 ± 0.015 of the sample) show positive values of A, indicating a preponderance of blue asymmetric profiles over red asymmetric profiles. Two other measures, the local slope of the line at the systemic velocity and the δv parameter of Mardones et al. (1997), also show an overall blue asymmetry for the sample, but with smaller statistical significance. This blue asymmetry indicates that these high-mass clumps are predominantly undergoing gravitational collapse. The blue asymmetry is larger (

) for the earliest evolutionary stages (quiescent, protostellar, and compact H ii region) than for the later H ii region (

) and photodissociation region (

) classifications.
Y KUŞAĞININ K ARİYER DEĞERLERİ VE KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI VE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: KAĞNICIOĞLU Deniz , DUYAN Emin Cihan , ETCİ Hilmi 
Published: December 2018

Aynı zaman diliminde doğmuş ve ortak özelliklere sahip bireyleri tanımlamak için
kuşak kavramı kullanılmaktadır. Her dönemin kendine özgü hâkim değerleri ve
bunların şekillendirdiği düşünce ve davranış kalıpları bulunmaktadır. Bunların&nbsp;edilmesi ve öngörülerde bulunulabilmesi için dönemin içerisindeki bireylerin özelliklerinin
ortaya konulması gerekmektedir. Günümüzde çalışma hayatı içerisinde yer alan dört kuşak bulun-
maktadır. Bunlar Bebek Patlaması, X, Y ve Z kuşaklarıdır. Y Kuşağı, son yıllarda işgücü piyasası
içerisinde önemli bir rol üstlendiği için üzerinde daha çok durulmakta ve özellikleri tartışılmaktadır.
Çalışma hayatında sayısal olarak önemli bir yere sahip olan Y kuşağının bireysel özelliklerinin tes-
pit edilerek, bu özelliklerin kariyer yönelimlerine etkilerinin incelenmesi çalışma hayatının kalitesi
açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda bu çalışmada Y kuşağının temel kişilik
özellikleri ortaya konularak; Y kuşağının kişilik özellikleri ile kariyer yönelimleri arasındaki ilişkiler
araştırılmaktadır. Araştırmada, yapılan diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak Y Kuşağının içerisinde yer
alan bireyler (1980-1995 yılları arasında doğan), çalışma hayatı içerisinde olanlar ve çalışma hayatına
yeni atılacak olan üniversite son sınıf öğrencileri olarak iki grupta incelenerek kariyer yönelimlerinde
gruplara göre bir farklılaşma olup olmadığı belirlenmektedir.&nbsp;
İŞE ALMA VE YERLEŞTİRMEDE NEPOTİZM
Authors: YAZICI Mert Okan , SEÇER Barış 
Published: December 2018

İstihdam, ekonomi ve eğitim sistemlerinde meydana gelen birçok sorun nedeniyle hem
örgütler hem de kişiler, işe alma ve yerleştirme sürecinde kayırma uygulamalarına başvur-
maktadır. En çok başvurulan kayırma türü ise nepotizmdir. Nepotizm, giderek artan bir

eğilim göstermiş ve sorunları beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu nedenle nepotizmin kişisel nedenlerinin
araştırılması gereklidir. Çalışmada yaşamının bir evresinde nepotizme başvurarak işe alınmış ve
yerleştirilmiş 16 katılımcı ile nitel bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada nepotizme baş-
vurma nedenlerinden hareketle; nepotizm algıları, başvuruları sonucunda karşılaştıkları olumlu ve
olumsuz sonuçlar, başvurdukları uygulamalar, nepotizm yoluyla başka birinin istihdamını sağlayıp
sağlamayacakları ve nepotizmin en aza indirilmesi için geliştirdikleri çözüm önerileri ortaya ko-
yulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunun sonucunda katılımcıların beş nedenle nepotizme başvurdukları tespit
edilmiştir. Bunlar; deneyimsizlik, askerlik, uzun süren işsizlik, aile şirketi olması ve ailenin görev
algısı şeklindedir.&nbsp;
Some Sensory Attributes of Mango (<em>Mangifera Indica L.</em>) Fruit as Influenced by Fruit Size and Harvesting Methods during Storage
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: A large quantity of mango fruits is lost annually in Adamawa State due to poor harvesting method, sizing, handling, packaging, transportation and storage, and therefore, amelioration becomes necessary. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of harvesting methods and harvested fruit size on some sensory attributes of mango fruit during storage.Research Method: Three harvesting methods were used to harvest the fruits, and the methods were namely, harvested and fell on the ground, harvested with locally fabricated picker and harvested and fell on foam. Two harvested fruit sizes were adopted for the study namely, big and small fruit. The experiment was laid out in a Split Plot Design with fruit size assigned to the main plot while harvesting methods were assigned to the subplots and replicated three times. Treatments consisted of two factors (fruit size and harvesting methods). Data were collected on fruit texture, fruit colour, and fruit marketability, subjectively. The data generated were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Means showing significant F-test were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD).Findings: Results of the study showed that big fruits harvested with picker had better fruit texture, colour and marketability during storage and therefore, harvesting big mango fruits carefully without letting them drop to hit the ground is recommended for better sensory attributes of mango fruits.Research Limitation: The research determines the impact of harvesting methods and fruit size on the sensory qualities of mango fruit. The study limited itself to only three harvesting methods. Two fruit sizes and one variety of mango (cv Zill).Original Value: This study provides information on some of the possible causes of wide spread high level of postharvest losses of mango fruit during storage in Adamawa State of Nigeria. Among other things, these losses are caused by poor harvesting methods and sizing of fruits.
Natural and Induced Glufosinate-resistance in selected Rice (<em>Oryza sativa L</em>.) Varieties in Sri Lanka
Authors: Lakshika R. A. D. D. , Munasinghe D. S. P. , Weerakoon S. R. , Somaratne S. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: Herbicide-resistant rice varieties in combination with post-emergent broad-spectrum herbicides improve the effectiveness of weed management in rice fields. Herbicide-resistance can be acquired naturally or induced by classical or modern breeding techniques. In the present study, screening of Sri Lankan rice varieties to glufosinate was examined and attempts were made to develop glufosinate-resistant rice varieties with the help of the breeding technique, mutagenesis.Research Method: Natural glufosinate-resistance was studied in seven (7) traditional and eighteen (18) inbred rice varieties under 0.27, 0.30 and 0.33 kg ha -1 glufosinate concentrations. Induced glufosinate-resistance in seed-derived calli of four glufosinate-susceptible rice varieties using Ethyl Methane Sulfonate was also observed and these were then treated with 0.2% (v/v) glufosinateto to determine induced glufosinate-resistance in seed-derived calli. Findings: Two traditional varieties (Pachchaperumal, Ma Wee) and fifteen inbred varieties (At362, Bg250, Bg300, Bg352, Bg357, Bg358, Bg359, Bg360, Bg366, Bg369, Bg379/2, Bg403, Bg450, Bg454, and Bg94-1) were resistant to glufosinate. Hardly any distinct yield penalty in Bg94-1, Bg403, Bg454, Bg379-2 and Ma Wee was observed under all glufosinate concentrations. Visual symptoms and chlorophyll damages caused by glufosinate for all varieties recovered within 14 days of treatment. Higher glufosinate-resistance was observed in EMS-mutated calli derived from seeds of naturally glufosinate-susceptible varieties. Molecular (AFLP) analysis confirmed in vitromutation and theM31E10 primer combination was a potential AFLP marker to identify glufosinate-resistance in rice varieties.Research Limitation: The study reports the results of screening natural and induced glufosinate-resistance in Sri Lankan rice. Inheritance of glufosinate-resistance is to be tested through several generations in Sri Lankan rice varieties.Original Value: Study provides a screening method applicable to Sri Lankan Rice varieties in identification of herbicide-resistance to permitted concentrations of glufosinate.
Effects of Different Floor Systems and the Bird’s Age on Body Weight Gain and Feather Score of Broiler Breeder Hens
Authors: Sewwandi P. V. D. , Mutucumarana R. K. , Iddamalgoda A. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: Feathers are known to play a significant role in thermoregulation and provide a physical protection to the birds. Presence or absence of a good feather cover therefore, directly influences on a bird’s performance. The study reported herein was conducted to assess the effects of floor system and the bird’s age on body weight gain (BWG) and feather score in Indian River (IR) broiler breeder hens. Research Method: The experiment was conducted in 2 x 4 factorial arrangements of treatments which included two floor systems (slatted floor and litter floor) and four age groups (23, 32, 38 and 45 weeks). A total of 400 IR breeder hens were assigned to 08 treatments with two replicates per each (25 birds/replicate) and were fed formulated breeder rations recommended based on the age and the production rate. The body weight, mortality and feather scores were recorded in a two-week experimental period. Findings: A significant interaction (P<0.05) between floor type and age was observed for BWG. The highest mean BWG was recorded (313 g/bird) in 23-week old birds kept on slatted floors. Overall feather loss (P<0.05) and feather loss in back (P<0.05), wings (P<0.05) and tail areas (P<0.05) of IR breeder hens were the lowest when the birds were kept on slatted floors. Increasing bird’s age significantly (P<0.05) increased the overall feather loss and feather loss in back, wings and tail areas. Original Value: The present study concluded that among the age groups tested, the highest BWG of IR breeder hens were recorded at 23-weeks of age when they were on slatted floors. The slatted floor system was highly effective in reducing feather loss in IR breeder hens. Feather loss was increased with advancement of a bird’s age.
Dispositional causation
Authors: Copley Bridget 
Published: December 2018

There are a number of phenomena where an apparent animacy requirement exceptionally admits some inanimate causers as felicitous. In this paper I argue that these should be explained not by a syntactically visible animacy feature but rather by a “what-can-cause-what” approach. In this kind of approach, judgments of felicity occur exactly when, conceptually speaking, the causing eventuality is able to cause the effect eventuality. I show how a what-can-cause-what approach for futurates and have causatives explains their felicitous inanimate causer exceptions, as well as other behavior such as interactions with aspect, using a novel notion of “dispositional causation”. The dispositions in question include both intentions of animate entities and physical tendencies. Dispositions, as well as the holders of dispositions and the causal relation, can either be represented explicitly in the syntactic structure, or can be merely implicitly available, through the accommodation of a conceptual model of dispositional structure.