bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Error in the Automatic Bolus Tracking System in Dynamic Computed Tomography: Preliminary Case Results
Authors: Kim Myeong Seong , Choi Jiwon , Kweon Dae Cheol 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Multidetector computed tomography (CT) images of the liver can be obtained rapidly, and parenchymal lesions can be detected using an iodine-containing contrast medium. In such imaging, the time to peak enhancement is important for optimal lesion detection. When using the bolus tracking system (BTS), the CT commences after a threshold Hounsfield unit value is reached. Methods: In current BTS, contrast medium is injected into blood vessels at a high speed using an automated injector; however, it may cause movement in the vessel in which the region of interest (ROI) is set, so that the timing of the scan is affected, leading to indeterminate artery and portal phase in angiography or liver dynamic examination. We therefore aimed to identify the cause of failure of CT due to an error in BTS and to suggest an appropriate preventive method. Results: Subjects underwent BTS-CT angiography and abdominal examinations in two university hospitals using a 64-detector CT scanner. An automatic BTS was used to time the start of the scanning when the injected contrast medium reached the threshold level in the ROI. Errors in bolus tracking were divided into patient-related and machine-related errors. Among 2,000 patients who underwent BTS-CT, error was observed in 15 cases, in which the bolus tracking timing was shifted as a result of movement of the patient or respiratory changes due to the rapid injection of contrast medium, which led to CT failure. Conclusions: To reduce CT-BTS failures, the patient's position and the change in the position of the blood vessels due to the patient's breathing pattern should be carefully considered, and the ROI should be set to a sufficiently small area in the blood vessel.
Methods for Diagnosing Bile Acid Malabsorption: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lyutakov Ivan Aleksandrov , Ursini Francesco , Penchev Plamen Ivanov , Caio Giacomo , Carroccio Antonio , Volta Umberto , De Giorgio Roberto 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
BackgroundBile acid malabsorption (BAM) and bile acid-related diarrhea represent an under-recognized cause of chronic diarrhea mainly because of limited guidance on appropriate diagnostic and laboratory tests.ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review of the literature in order to identify and compare the diagnostic accuracy of different diagnostic methods for patients with bile acid malabsorption.DesignA PubMed literature review and a manual search were carried out. Relevant full papers, evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of different methods for BAM, were assessed. Available data were analyzed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of each published test.ResultsOverall, more than one tests was considered in published papers on BAM. The search strategy retrieved 574 articles; of these, only 16 were full papers (with a total of 2.332 patients) included in the final review. Specifically, n=8 studies used 75 Selenium-homotaurocholic-acid-test ( 75 SeHCAT) with a <10% retention threshold; n=8 studies evaluated fasting serum 7-α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4); n=3 studies involved total fecal bile acid (BA) excretion over 48h; n=4 studies assessed fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19). 75 SeHCAT showed an average sensitivity and specificity of 87.32% and 93.2%, respectively, followed by serum C4 (85.2% and 71.1%) and total fecal BA (66.6% and 79.3%). Fasting serum FGF19 had the lowest sensitivity and specificity (63.8% and 72.3%). All the extracted data were associated with substantial heterogeneity.ConclusionsOur systematic review indicates that 75 SeHCAT has the highest diagnostic accuracy for BAM, followed by serum C4 assay. The diagnostic yield of fecal BA and FGF19 assays is still under investigation. Our review reinforces the need for novel biomarkers aimed to an objective detection of BAM and therefore improving the management of this condition.
Cisplatin-resistant MDA-MB-231 Cell-derived Exosomes Increase the Resistance of Recipient Cells in an Exosomal miR-423-5p-dependent Manner
Authors: Wang Bing , Zhang Yuzhu , Ye Meina , Wu Jingjing , Ma Lina , Chen Hongfeng 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Chemoresistance blunts the therapeutic effect of cisplatin (DDP) on Triple-Negative Breast
Cancer (TNBC). Researchers have not determined to date whether exosomes confer DDP resistance to other breast
cancer cells or whether exosomal transfer of miRNAs derived from DDP-resistant TNBC cells confer DDP resistance.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of exosomes in chemoresistance in breast cancer.

Methods:
MDA-MB-231 cells resistant to DDP (231/DDP) were established. Exosomes were isolated from 231/DDP
cells (DDP/EXO) and characterized by measuring the levels of protein markers, nanoparticle tracking analysis and
transmission electron microscopy. MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and SKBR-3 cell lines were treated with the isolated
DDP/EXOs and cell proliferation and cytotoxicity to DDP were evaluated using MTT assays and apoptosis analyses.
Western blotting was used to examine P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression. Additionally, a microarray was used to
analyse microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in MDA-MB-231 and 231/DDP exosomes. The effects on miRNAs
were determined using RT-PCR. Exosomal miR-423-5p was extracted, and differential expression was verified. The
MTT cell viability assay, flow cytometry, and Transwell and immunofluorescence assays were performed to determine
if differential expression of miR-423-5p sensitized cells to DDP in vitro.

Results:
Under a transmission electron microscope, the isolated exosomes exhibited a round or oval shape with a
diameter ranging between 40 and 100 nm. DDP/EXOs labelled with PKH67 were taken up by MDA-MB-231 cells.
After an incubation with DDP/EXOs, the cell lines exhibited a higher IC50 value for cisplatin, P-gp expression, migration
and invasion capabilities and a lower apoptosis rate. Furthermore, 60 miRNAs from exosomes derived from
231/DDP cells were significantly up-regulated compared to exosomes from MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, compared
to the corresponding sensitive exosomes, miR-370-3p, miR-423-5p and miR-373 were the most differentially expressed
miRNAs in DDP-resistant exosomes. We chose miR-423-5p, and up-regulation and down-regulation of
exosomal miR-423-5p expression significantly affected DDP resistance.

Conclusions:
Exosomes from DDP-resistant TNBC cells (231/DDP) altered the sensitivity of other breast cancer
cells to DDP in an exosomal miR-423-5p dependent manner. Our research helps to elucidate the mechanism of DDP
resistance in breast cancer.
Decrease in Serum Levels of Adiponectin and Increase in 8-OHdG: a Culprit for Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Huang Ting-Fu , Tang Zhi-Pei , Wang Shan , Hu Ming-Wei , Zhan Lu , Yi Yi , He Yong-Li , Cai Zhi-You 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Adiponectin and 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) are
identified as important biomarkers in the pathogenesis process of type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM). Whether adiponectin and 8-OHdG have a relation to cognitive decline
in the elderly T2DM patients has been poorly understood. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the effects of adiponectin and 8-OHdG in the elderly patients with T2DM and to
determine the role of adiponectin and 8-OHdG in the cognitive impairment of the elderly
patients with T2DM.

Methods::
57 individuals were recruited and analyzed , with 26 cases of T2DM without
cognitive impairment and 31 cases of T2DM with cognitive impairment. All of them
underwent an examination of diabetes scales and blood glucose at different times. A
primary diagnosis of diabetes was in line with the diagnosis criteria set by the American
Diabetes Association (ADA). Statistical significance was defined as a P-value of less
than 0.05.

Results::
The variables of sex, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes,
metabolic syndrome, lacunar cerebral infarction, smoking and drinking in T2DM patients
without cognitive impairment and with cognitive impairment showed no difference
according to the univariate analysis exploring each variable separately (p>0.05). A
significant difference was observed in the serum levels of adiponectin and 8-OHdG and
the scales of MMSE and MoCA (p<0.05).
Therefore,
it
was
inferred
that
there is no
correlation between glucose metabolic value and cognitive outcome of T2DM patients.
Serum levels of adiponectin and 8-OHdG could act as biomarkers of cognitive
impairment degree in the elderly T2DM patients.

Conclusion::
Serum levels of adiponectin and 8-OHdG could act as specific and
sensitive biomarkers for the early diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment in
elderly T2DM patients. Serum levels of adiponectin and 8-OHdG have a close relation to
the neurological cognitive outcome of
the elderly T2DM patients.
Research on PID Neural Network Decoupling Control Among Joints of Hydraulic Quadruped Robot
Authors: Gao Bingwei , Ye Yongtai , Han Guihua 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Hydraulic quadruped robot is a representative of the redundant transmission.
This is a great challenge for multi-joints coordinated movement of the robot, because of the
movement coupling with several freedom degrees among kinematic chains. Therefore, there is an
urgent need to realize the decoupling among the joints of the hydraulic quadruped robot.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of controller design from many
studies and patents, and propose a novel controller to realize the decoupling control among joints
of a hydraulic quadruped robot.

Methods:
For the coupling problems between the thigh and calf of a hydraulic quadruped robot,
based on the Lagrangian method, dynamics model of the robot’s leg is established. The influence of
driven system is considered. The model of the hydraulic servo driven system is built, so as to obtain
the coupling relationship between thigh and calf of hydraulic quadruped robot. Based on the multivariable
decoupling theory, a PID neural network decoupling controller is designed.

Results:
The researches on experiments are executed. The PID neural network decoupling control
method is compared with the control that does not use any decoupling method. The decoupling effect
of the proposed algorithm is verified on the thigh and the calf of the hydraulic quadruped robot.

Conclusion:
The designed PID neural network decoupling control method reduces the crosscoupling
between thigh and calf of the hydraulic quadruped robot, and has obvious effect to improve
the dynamic characteristics of single joint of robot's leg.
Chaos-Based Controlled System Using Discrete Map
Authors: Das Anup Kumar , Mandal Mrinal Kanti 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The design of efficient and fast controller for controlling the process parameter
is always a challenging work to the control system designer. The main objective of this article
is to design a secure chaos based controller by synchronizing two chaotic systems. The initial
values of the chaotic systems are considered as the set value and initial process value of the physical
parameter to be controlled.

Methods:
The proposed design of the controlled is done by synchronizing two-dimensional chaotic
Henon map through nonlinear control method. One map is taken as a driver system and its initial
value is considered as the set value of a specific process of a given system. On the other hand, another
identical map is taken as the driven system and its initial value is the initial process value of
the given process control system. Both the chaotic map become synchronized via nonlinear control
law. The accumulation of error until synchronization is achieved which is converted into a suitable
signal to operate the final control element to enhance or decrease the initial process value towards
the set value. This self-repetitive process will achieve the control of the process parameter.

Results:
In experiment we have observer that the error signal becomes zero after a small time interval
(in simulation it takes only few iteration) and the accumulated error remain fixed in a steady
value. This error is responsible to maintain the process value to the set value. The entire process has
been implemented in hardware environment by using microcontroller ATMEGA 16 and also in the
Proteus simulation software.

Conclusion:
The controller is very fast because the algorithm of nonlinear control law for synchronization
is very fast. Since the controller is designed in chaotic regime so it is secure.
A Mobile-Based Comprehensive Weight Reduction Program for the Workplace (Health-On): Development and Pilot Study
Authors: Han Min Kyu , Cho Belong , Kwon Hyuktae , Son Ki Young , Lee Hyejin , Lee Joo Kyung , Park Jinho 
Published: August 2019

Background
There is a growing interest in mobile technology for obesity management. Despite the known effectiveness of workplace-based weight loss programs, there are few studies on mobile phone–delivered interventions.

Objective
This study aimed to develop and verify an integrated and personalized mobile technology–based weight control program, named Health-On, optimized for workplaces.

Methods
A weight reduction algorithm was developed for calorie prescription, continuous monitoring, periodic feedback and reevaluation, goal resetting, and offline intervention with behavior-changing strategies. A total of 30 obese volunteers (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) participated in the 12-week Health-On pilot program. The primary outcome was weight reduction, and secondary outcomes were improved anthropometric measures, metabolic profiles, and fat computed tomography measures, all assessed pre- and postintervention.

Results
Health-On incorporated proprietary algorithms and several strategies intended to maximize adherence, using compatible online and offline interventions. The mean weight of 30 participants decreased by 5.8%, and median weight also decreased from 81.3 kg (interquartile range [IQR] 77.1-87.8) before intervention to 76.6 kg (IQR 70.8-79.5) after the 12-week intervention period (P<.001). The metabolic profiles and fat measures (blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue; P<.05) also improved significantly.

Conclusions
In this single-group evaluation of 30 participants before and after the Health-On program, body weight decreased and metabolic profiles and fat measures improved. Follow-up studies are needed to assess effectiveness and long-term adherence.
Pengembangan Teknologi Berbasis Media Air Subkritis dan CO2 Bertekanan untuk Intensifikasi Proses
Authors: Kurniawansyah Firman 
Published: August 2019

A B S T R A C TGreen solvent, an environmentally friendly solvent in form of subcritical water (SBCW) and pressurized CO2, has been used as media in process intensification. It has characteristic of having low or even zero toxicity. Hence it can simplify purification procedure. In this communication, development of technology applications of those green solvents, i.e. extraction, particle synthesis, and reaction engineering, is briefly presented. In general, studies show a positive utilization of green solvents of subcritical water and pressurized CO2. For example, in pectin extraction, yield up to 90% has been obtained when the combined solvent was used. In another application, hydrolysis using SBCW-CO2 as combined solvent has facilitated 100% conversion of pinene.Keywords: carbon dioxide; intensification process; subcritical water A B S T R A KGreen solvent, yakni pelarut yang ramah lingkungan dalam bentuk air subkritis (subcritical water, SBCW) dan CO2 bertekanan yang telah dikembangkan untuk media pemrosesan, sebagai salah satu upaya intensifikasi proses. Solven ini dikatakan ramah lingkungan karena tingkat toksisitas air subkritis maupun CO2 sangat rendah, atau bahkan tidak ada sama sekali, sehingga mempersingkat prosedur purifikasi. Pada artikel pendek ini, pengembangan aplikasi teknologi tersebut diulas sebagai telaah (review) pendek dalam teknologi pemisahan (ekstraksi), sintesis partikel, dan rekayasa reaksi. Hasil-hasil studi pada umumnya memberi konfirmasi positif tentang potensi pemakaian dua fluida ramah lingkungan, yaitu SBCW dan CO2, dalam rekayasa proses. Sebagai contoh pada studi ekstraksi pektin, proses menggunakan green solvent berhasil mencapai yield hingga 90%. Hasil serupa dapat dilihat dari konversi pinene melalui proses hidrolisis hingga mencapai 100%.Kata kunci: air subkritis; karbon dioksida; intensifikasi proses
Fortalecimiento de la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria desde la Economía Social y Solidaria
Authors: Urdapilleta Carrasco Jorge 
Published: August 2019

El presente texto expone una serie de propuestas que refuerzan la función social de las Instituciones de Educación Superior -tanto públicas como privadas- a través de la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria, mediante la incorporación de los principios de la Economía Social y Solidaria. Se elabora una reflexión sobre el origen de las instituciones educativas y su vínculo con la reproducción social de las condiciones de clase en las sociedades; así como de los riesgos institucionales de anteponer el cumplimiento de indicadores y su posicionamiento en el mercado, en lugar de la construcción de relaciones sociales y económicas más armónicas. A partir de dicha reflexión, se presentan algunas propuestas de acciones concretas que podrían impulsarse, incluyendo lo que se ha denominado como “modelo de aprendizaje trascendental”. Éste último concebido desde un enfoque constructivista, cimentado en la promoción de la relacionalidad y la solidaridad económica, ambas virtudes fundamentales de una civilización planetaria y una ciudadanía cosmopolita.

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Afrikáans
Albanés
Alemán
Árabe
Armenio
Azerí
Bengalí
Bielorruso
Birmano
Bosnio
Búlgaro
Canarés
Catalán
Cebuano
Checo
Chichewa
Chino (Simp)
Chino (Trad)
Cincalés
Coreano
Criollo haitiano
Croata
Danés
Eslovaco
Esloveno
Español
Esperanto
Estonio
Euskera
Finlandés
Francés
Galés
Gallego
Georgiano
Griego
Gujarati
Hausa
Hebreo
Hindi
Hmong
Holandés
Húngaro
Igbo
Indonesio
Inglés
Irlandés
Islandés
Italiano
Japonés
Javanés
Jemer
Kazajo
Lao
Latín
Letón
Lituano
Macedonio
Malayalam
Malayo
Malgache
Maltés
Maorí
Maratí
Mongol
Nepalí
Noruego
Persa
Polaco
Portugués
Punjabí
Rumano
Ruso
Serbio
Sesoto
Somalí
Suajili
Sueco
Sundanés
Tagalo
Tailandés
Tamil
Tayiko
Telugu
Turco
Ucraniano
Urdu
Uzbeco
Vietnamita
Yidis
Yoruba
Zulú

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The Mythological Thought of Rigveda
Authors: Jing Cai 
Published: August 2019

Mythological thought is a specific way of thinking in the history that human beings transit from the age of barbarism to the age of civilization. It reflects human beings’ divine experience on nature and life as a method for human beings to master and transcend the nature as well as the interpretation of initial human society beyond humanism, which symbolizes the evolution of human thoughts from primitive thoughts to higher logic thoughts. The thinking mode and emotions of Indians are deeply rooted in religious views, which were even reflected in ancient Vedic period. Rigveda is a paean that was generated when Aryans fought against invasion by different races and the nature. Aryans on the grassland led a nomadic life in the vast world. They felt the spirits of all things due to worship of the nature so they were generous with worship of deities. After Aryans lived a stable life in the agrarian society, the mythological world of Aryans developed from polytheism to monolatry. In other words, it developed towards the world with fewer deities or the lord deity. With polytheism, their worship for deities was gradually improving simultaneously. As the origin of India religious culture, Rigveda has reflected various features of Indian’s mythological thought.
Godan, The Film: What It Replicates and What It Hides
Authors: Ishwarrao Pallavi Taru , Chikhlikar DR. Rajpalsingh 
Published: August 2019

The present research paper compares the novel Godan by Munshi Premchand written in 1936 in pre independence era and the film directed by Trilok Jetly in 1962 in post independence era. It simply underlines the scene, plot, persons and events etc. the cinema replicates or hides. Literature and cinema seems to have one similar motif or seems to work on the similar ground that is to reflect society. Literature doesn’t lie but “not mentioning something” or “saying it in different way” also ruins history. Generally we consider literature as a piece of history and what is written in it, we take it as a reality or truth. And if this literature dosent mentions anything we don’t think it ever exit or nothing worthy of considering. But is this the only truth? isn’t there not a world beyond literature? There is a very big scenario outside the frame of literature, which the so called literary persons forget to mention. About the cinema also we have the same formation, we think that what it shows reflects reality or is strongly influenced by the reality. And cinema has one big advantage of reaching out to the largest amount of people. It has the tremendous amount of audience compared to literature. It can influence people in a great amount. The adaptation of literary classics to films has surged as one of the most appealing topics in the twenty-first century in interdisciplinary studies. Literature and Cinema both are an inevitable part like the heart of the society. They are known as the mirror which reflects the true and somehow in some extent the actual image of the society. They are always influenced by and to the society. The book Godan, a masterpiece in which the theme of social evil’s is successfully depicted and marvelously knitted around the novel is all about the sensibility of lack of humanity, famine, poverty and exploitation of Indian peasantry.