bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of high fat diets on the performance, milk yield and milk composition of multiparous rabbit does
Authors: Pascual J. J. , Cervera C. , Blas E. , Fernández-Carmona J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExperiment I. One hundred and twenty-five lactations from 88 New Zealand × Californian does were used to study the influence of high fat diets on the performance and milk yield of multiparous rabbit does in two high productivity situations: housed in hot conditions (minimum temperature above 24°C) with eight pups (group H8), or housed in warm conditions (minimum temperature under 21 °C) with 11 pups (group W11). Starting from a control diet (diet C) with 26 g ether extract (ЕЕ) per kg dry matter (DM), two isoenergetic diets were formulated adding fat from vegetable sources up to 99 g ЕЕ per kg DM (diet V) or animal sources up to 117 g ЕЕ per kg DM (diet A). The lactating does showed similar food daily intakes (⋍105 g DM per kg), therefore digestible energy intake of does on high fat diets was significantly higher (P < 0·001). The addition of f at to the diets increased (P< 0·001) milk yield of does (+21 and 24 g/day for diets V and A, respectively) and litter weight at weaning (P< 0·05), and decreased the number of pups replaced (P< 0·01) during lactation. Group H8 does had significantly lower DM intakes, litter growth rates and milk production levels than group Wll does (P < 0·001).Experiment 2. The effect of these diets on milk composition was determined in 62 lactations from 28 multiparous rabbit does, in which litter size was maintained at eight pups. Milk samples were collected manually on the 7th, 21st and 28th days of lactation. Milk of does given high fat diets, especially diet A, had higher fat and energy contents (P< 0·001) and a lower protein content (P< 0·001) than those given diet C. Milk of does given diet A had a greater DM content than those given the diets С or V (P< 0·001). There was a correlation between the fatty acid composition of milk and dietary fat. The proportion of odd chain fatty acids in the milk fat was lower for does given diet V (P< 0·05) than those given diet A. In conclusion, high fat diets were related to a higher milk yield and energy content of milk, allowing a higher litter weight gain and a lower mortality of sucking pups.
Effect of protected fat supplementation to lactating goats on growth and fatty acid composition of perirenal fat in goat kids
Authors: Martín L. , Rodríguez P. , Rota A. , Rojas A. , Pascual M. R. , Patón D. , Tovar J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to measure the response of goat kids to supplementary feeding of their dams with protected fat (calcium soap of fatty acids). At birth, 22 single male goat kids were distributed in two groups according to the dams’ diet supplemented with 0 (dam control diet, DCD) or 100 (dam protected fat, DPF) g/day of protected fat through lactation. Higher energy intake of dams given protected fat caused higher fat content of their milk (P< 0·01) and the fatty acid profile was affected with a reduction of lauric acid (P< 0.01) and myristic acid (P< 0.01) and an increase in palmitic acid (P< 0.01). Goat kids were suckled by their dams from birth until the end of the experiment and had access to a creep food from 7 days of age. Kids were slaughtered at 45 days of age. There was no significant response (P> 0Ό5) in terms of kid mean live-weight gain, being 172 g (DPF) compared with 148 g (DCD). Fatty acid composition of the perirenal fat showed some differences between groups. Fat composition of group DPF was significantly higher in palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acid content. In addition, myristic, palmitic and stearic acid had lower values. Fat of goat kids of the DPF group was more unsaturated (43·3 g per 100 g) than fat from animals of the DCD group (32·5 g per 100 g). In the DPF group, oleic acid comprised most of the unsaturated fatty acid due to its important increase compared with fat composition of the DCD group. In conclusion, fatty acid composition of fat depot in goat kids can he modified by feeding of the dams through lactation, which could be useful for possible changes according to market demand.
Spatial and Depth‐Dependent Variations in Magma Volume Addition and Addition Rates to Continental Arcs: Application to Global CO2 Fluxes since 750 Ma
Authors: Ratschbacher Barbara C. , Paterson Scott R. , Fischer Tobias P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMagma transfer from the mantle to the crust in arcs is an important step in the global cycling of elements and volatiles from Earth's interior to the atmosphere. Arc intrusive rocks dominate the total magma mass budget over extrusive rocks. However, their total volume and rate of addition is still poorly constrained, especially in continental arcs. We present lateral (forearc to backarc) and depth‐dependent (volcanics to deep crust) magma volume additions and arc‐wide magma addition rates (MARs) calculated from three continental arc crustal sections preserving magma flare‐up periods. We observe an increase in volume addition with depth and less magma added in the forearc (~15%) and backarc (~10% to 30%) compared to the main arc. Crustal‐wide MARs for each section are remarkably similar and around 0.7–0.9 km3/km2/Ma. MARs can be used to estimate CO2 fluxes from continental arcs. With initial magma CO2 contents of 1.5 wt.%, global continental arc lengths, and MARs, we calculate changes in C (Mt/year) released from continental arcs since 750 Ma. Calculated present‐day global C fluxes are similar to values constrained by other methods. Throughout the Phanerozoic, assuming equal durations of flare‐up and lull magmatism, calculated continental CO2 flux rates vary between 4 and 18 Mt C/year with highest values in the Mesozoic. These fluxes are considered minima since the intake of mantle and/or crustal carbon is not considered. Magmatic episodicity in continental arcs and changes in arc thickness and width are critical to consider when calculating MARs through time.
Temperature Variability of the Baltic Sea Since 1850 and Attribution to Atmospheric Forcing Variables
Authors: Kniebusch Madline , Meier H.E. Markus , Neumann Thomas , Börgel Florian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Baltic Sea is highly impacted by global warming and other anthropogenic changes and is one of the fastest‐warming marginal seas in the world. To detect trends in water temperature and to attribute them to atmospheric parameters, the results of two different ocean circulation models driven by reconstructed atmospheric forcing fields for the period 1850–2008 were analyzed. The model simulations were analyzed at temporal and spatial scales from seasonal to centennial and from intrabasin to basin, respectively. The strongest 150‐year trends were found in the annual mean bottom temperature of the Bornholm Deep (0.15 K/decade) and in summer mean sea surface temperature (SST) in Bothnian Bay (0.09–0.12 K/decade). A comparison of the time periods 1856–2005 and 1978–2007 revealed that the SST trends strengthened tenfold. An attribution analysis showed that most of the SST variability could be explained by the surface air temperature (i.e., sensible heat flux) and the latent heat flux. Wind parallel to the coast and cloudiness additionally explained SST variability in the coastal zone affected by the variations in upwelling and in offshore areas affected by the variations in solar radiation, respectively. In contrast, the high variability in stratification caused by freshwater and saltwater inflows does not impact the long‐term variability in the SST averaged over the Baltic Sea. The strongest SST trends since the 1980s can be explained by the superposition of global warming and a shift from the cold to the warm phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.
Observation of Enhanced Nonlinear Interactions After Severe Tropical Storm Chanchu (2004) in the Western South China Sea
Authors: Liang Chang‐Rong , Chen Gui‐Ying , Shang Xiao‐Dong , Xie Xiao‐Hui , Wang Dong‐Xiao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSevere tropical storm Chanchu passed the subsurface mooring in the western South China Sea in June 2004, and its effects on the internal wavefield and nonlinear interactions were examined. The internal wavefield was characterized by diurnal (D1) and semidiurnal (D2) tides before Chanchu. However, after the passage of Chanchu, the internal wavefield was not only characterized by diurnal and semidiurnal tides but also by near‐inertial (f) waves, internal waves with higher harmonic frequency (fD2 = f+D2 and D3 = D1+D2), and enhanced diurnal currents. Analysis of the rotary coefficient and bicoherence suggested that the observed fD2 waves, D3 waves, and enhanced diurnal currents originated from the nonlinear interactions of f+D2 = fD2, D1+D2 = D3, and f+f = 2f, respectively. Previous studies indicated that the nonlinear interactions induced by tropical cyclones mainly occur between the near‐inertial waves and internal tides (f+D1 = fD1 or f+D2 = fD2). Our observations indicate that tropical cyclones can also induce the self‐interaction of near‐inertial waves (f+f = 2f) and enhance nonlinear interactions between diurnal and semidiurnal tides (D1+D2 = D3). Critical diurnal latitudes (where 2f ≈ D1) play an important role in the occurrence of these nonlinear interactions. Near‐inertial waves undergo self‐interactions (f+f = 2f) near the critical diurnal latitudes, and near‐inertial energy is transferred to diurnal waves. Enhanced diurnal waves further contribute to the nonlinear interactions of D1+D2 = D3. These nonlinear processes might promote the energy cascade of the near‐inertial waves induced by tropical cyclones near the critical diurnal latitudes and play an important role in ocean mixing.
Methane Dynamics of Aquaculture Shrimp Ponds in Two Subtropical Estuaries, Southeast China: Dissolved Concentration, Net Sediment Release, and Water Oxidation
Authors: Yang Ping , Lai Derrick Y. F. , Yang Hong , Tong Chuan , Lebel Louis , Huang Jiafang , Xu Jin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAquaculture ponds are potentially large sources of atmospheric methane (CH4) that can exacerbate climate change. A thorough understanding of various CH4 biogeochemical processes occurring in the ponds is essential for the prediction and management of CH4 emissions arising from aquaculture. However, the variations in pond CH4 biogeochemical processes among estuaries and aquaculture stages remain poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the net sediment release, oxidation, and dissolved concentrations of CH4 in aquaculture ponds in two subtropical estuaries among three shrimp growth stages in Southeast China. Overall, porewater CH4 concentrations and sediment CH4 release rates varied greatly among different stages in the order: middle stage > final stage > initial stage. Water column CH4 concentrations and overlying water CH4 oxidation rates showed an increasing trend over the study period. Sediment CH4 release rates and dissolved CH4 concentrations also varied considerably between the two estuaries. In the more saline Jiulong River Estuary, sediment CH4 release rate was lower while the shrimp survival rate and yield were higher as compared to the Min River Estuary with a lower water salinity. Our results suggest that both high water salinity and feed utilization efficiency can effectively mitigate CH4 emissions from the coastal shrimp ponds. Overall, the large magnitude of net CH4 emissions observed in our shrimp ponds highlights the urgency of formulating appropriate policies and building sustainable institutions that can strike a balance between land‐based aquaculture development and greenhouse gas mitigation in the subtropical coastal regions.
Iron requirements and uptake strategies of the globally abundant marine ammonia-oxidising archaeon, Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1
Authors: Shafiee Roxana T , Snow Joseph T , Zhang Qiong , Rickaby Rosalind E M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) mediate the rate-limiting step of nitrification, the central component of the marine nitrogen cycle that converts ammonia to nitrite then nitrate. Competition with phytoplankton for ammonium and light inhibition are considered to restrict AOA activity to below the photic zone, but observations of surface nitrification now demand a further understanding of the factors driving AOA distribution and activity. Pico- to nanomolar concentrations of iron (Fe) limit the growth of microorganisms in a significant portion of the world’s surface oceans, yet there is no examination of the role of Fe in AOA growth despite the process of ammonia oxidation being considered to rely on the micronutrient. Here we investigate the Fe requirements and Fe uptake strategies of the Nitrosopumilus maritimus strain SCM1, a strain representative of globally abundant marine AOA. Using trace metal clean culturing techniques, we found that N. maritimus growth is determined by Fe availability, displaying a free inorganic Fe (Fe′) half saturation constant 1–2 orders of magnitude greater for cell growth than numerous marine phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacterial species driven by a reduced affinity for Fe′. In addition, we discovered that whilst unable to produce siderophores to enhance access to Fe, N. maritimus is able to use the exogenous siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFB), likely through a reductive uptake pathway analogous to that demonstrated in phytoplankton. Our work suggests AOA growth in surface waters may be Fe limited and advances our understanding of AOA physiology on the cellular and mechanistic levels with implications for ecosystem dynamics and the biogeochemical N-cycle.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Alginate oligosaccharide attenuates α2,6-sialylation modification to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth via the Hippo/YAP pathway
Authors: Han Yang , Zhang Lin , Yu Xiao , Wang Shidan , Xu Chunyan , Yin Heng , Wang Shujing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChitosan oligosaccharides have been reported to inhibit various tumors. However, the water-soluble marine plant oligosaccharide alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) has only rarely been reported to have anti-cancer effects. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of AOS on prostate cancer and the underlying molecular mechanism remain unknown. This study shows that AOS inhibited cell growth, which was consistent with the attenuation of α2,6-sialylation modification. Furthermore, AOS inhibited ST6Gal-1 promoter activity and thus affected transcriptional processes. In addition, AOS could activate the Hippo/YAP pathway and block the recruitment of both the coactivator YAP and c-Jun. Furthermore, YAP interacted with the transcription factor c-Jun and regulated the transcriptional activity of the downstream target ST6Gal-1 gene. Consistent with in vitro data, AOS suppressed the tumorigenicity of prostate cancer cells via the Hippo/YAP pathway in vivo. In summary, these data indicate that AOS slows the proliferation of prostate cancer and provides a basis for the healthy function of kelp in traditional cognition.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer cells by increasing IGF-1/ERβ/Bcl-2 signalling
Authors: Long Xingbo , Xiong Wei , Zeng Xiting , Qi Lin , Cai Yi , Mo Miao , Jiang Huichuan , Zhu Bisong , Chen Zhi , Li Yuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhile cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumour microenvironment may play important roles in bladder cancer (BCa) progression, their impacts on BCa chemoresistance remain unclear. Using human BCa samples, we found that tumour tissues possessed more CAFs than did adjacent normal tissues. Both the presence of CAFs in the BCa stroma and the expression of ERβ in BCa contribute to chemoresistance, and CAFs and BCa cells interact to affect ERβ expression. In vitro co-culture assays demonstrated that compared with normal bladder cells, BCa cells had a higher capacity to induce the transformation of normal fibroblasts into CAFs. When BCa cells were co-cultured with CAFs, their viability, clone formation ability and chemoresistance were increased, whereas their apoptotic rates were downregulated. Dissection of the mechanism revealed that the recruited CAFs increased IGF-1/ERβ signalling in BCa cells, which then led to the promotion of the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. Blocking IGF-1/ERβ/Bcl-2 signalling by either an shRNA targeting ERβ or an anti-IGF-1 neutralizing antibody partially reversed the capacity of CAFs to increase BCa chemoresistance. The in vivo data also confirmed that CAFs could increase BCa cell resistance to cisplatin by increasing ERβ/Bcl-2 signalling. The above results showed the important roles of CAFs within the bladder tumour microenvironment, which could enhance BCa chemoresistance.
Affordable Microfluidic Bead-Sorting Platform for Automated Selection of Porous Particles Functionalized with Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Saberi-Bosari Sahand , Omary Mohammad , Lavoie Ashton , Prodromou Raphael , Day Kevin , Menegatti Stefano , San-Miguel Adriana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ability to rapidly and accurately evaluate bioactive compounds immobilized on porous particles is crucial in the discovery of drugs, diagnostic reagents, ligands, and catalysts. Existing options for solid phase screening of bioactive compounds, while highly effective and well established, can be cost-prohibitive for proof-of-concept and early stage work, limiting its applicability and flexibility in new research areas. Here, we present a low-cost microfluidics-based platform enabling automated screening of small porous beads from solid-phase peptide libraries with high sensitivity and specificity, to identify leads with high binding affinity for a biological target. The integration of unbiased computer assisted image processing and analysis tools, provided the platform with the flexibility of sorting through beads with distinct fluorescence patterns. The customized design of the microfluidic device helped with handling beads with different diameters (~100–300 µm). As a microfluidic device, this portable novel platform can be integrated with a variety of analytical instruments to perform screening. In this study, the system utilizes fluorescence microscopy and unsupervised image analysis, and can operate at a sorting speed of up to 125 beads/hr (~3.5 times faster than a trained operator) providing >90% yield and >90% bead sorting accuracy. Notably, the device has proven successful in screening a model solid-phase peptide library by showing the ability to select beads carrying peptides binding a target protein (human IgG).
Facilitation of neuropathic pain by the NPY Y1 receptor-expressing subpopulation of excitatory interneurons in the dorsal horn
Authors: Nelson Tyler S. , Fu Weisi , Donahue Renée R. , Corder Gregory F. , Hökfelt Tomas , Wiley Ronald G. , Taylor Bradley K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEndogenous neuropeptide Y (NPY) exerts long-lasting spinal inhibitory control of neuropathic pain, but its mechanism of action is complicated by the expression of its receptors at multiple sites in the dorsal horn: NPY Y1 receptors (Y1Rs) on post-synaptic neurons and both Y1Rs and Y2Rs at the central terminals of primary afferents. We found that Y1R-expressing spinal neurons contain multiple markers of excitatory but not inhibitory interneurons in the rat superficial dorsal horn. To test the relevance of this spinal population to the development and/or maintenance of acute and neuropathic pain, we selectively ablated Y1R-expressing interneurons with intrathecal administration of an NPY-conjugated saporin ribosomal neurotoxin that spares the central terminals of primary afferents. NPY-saporin decreased spinal Y1R immunoreactivity but did not change the primary afferent terminal markers isolectin B4 or calcitonin-gene-related peptide immunoreactivity. In the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain, NPY-saporin decreased mechanical and cold hypersensitivity, but disrupted neither normal mechanical or thermal thresholds, motor coordination, nor locomotor activity. We conclude that Y1R-expressing excitatory dorsal horn interneurons facilitate neuropathic pain hypersensitivity. Furthermore, this neuronal population remains sensitive to intrathecal NPY after nerve injury. This neuroanatomical and behavioral characterization of Y1R-expressing excitatory interneurons provides compelling evidence for the development of spinally-directed Y1R agonists to reduce chronic neuropathic pain.
T cell migration in microchannels densely packed with T cells
Authors: Park HyoungJun , Doh Junsang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractT cells migrate diverse microenvironments of the body to mount antigen-specific immune responses. T cell activation, a key initial process for antigen-specific immune responses, occur in secondary lymphoid organs such as spleens and lymph nodes where high density of T cells migrates rapidly through the reticular networks formed by stromal cells. In vitro model system recapitulating key characteristics of secondary lymphoid organs, confined spaces densely packed with rapidly migrating cells, would be useful to investigate mechanisms of T cell migration. In this study, we devised a method to fabricate microchannels densely packed with T cells. Microchannel arrays with fixed height (4 μm) and length (1.5 mm) and various widths (15~80 μm) were fabricated in between trapezoid-shaped reservoirs that facilitated T cell sedimentation near microchannel entries. Microchannel surface chemistry and filling time were optimized to achieve high packing density (0.89) of T cell filling within microchannels. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) analysis method was employed to extract velocity field of microchannels densely packed with T cells. Using velocity field information, various motility parameters were further evaluated to quantitatively assess the effects of microchannel width and media tonicity on T cell motility within cell dense microenvironments.
Predicting the decision making chemicals used for bacterial growth
Authors: Ashino Kazuha , Sugano Kenta , Amagasa Toshiyuki , Ying Bei-Wen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPredicting the contribution of media components to bacterial growth was first initiated by introducing machine learning to high-throughput growth assays. A total of 1336 temporal growth records corresponding to 225 different media, which were composed of 13 chemical components, were generated. The growth rate and saturated density of each growth curve were automatically calculated with the newly developed data processing program. To identify the decision making factors related to growth among the 13 chemicals, big datasets linking the growth parameters to the chemical combinations were subjected to decision tree learning. The results showed that the only carbon source, glucose, determined bacterial growth, but it was not the first priority. Instead, the top decision making chemicals in relation to the growth rate and saturated density were ammonium and ferric ions, respectively. Three chemical components (NH4+, Mg2+ and glucose) commonly appeared in the decision trees of the growth rate and saturated density, but they exhibited different mechanisms. The concentration ranges for fast growth and high density were overlapped for glucose but distinguished for NH4+ and Mg2+. The results suggested that these chemicals were crucial in determining the growth speed and growth maximum in either a universal use or a trade-off manner. This differentiation might reflect the diversity in the resource allocation mechanisms for growth priority depending on the environmental restrictions. This study provides a representative example for clarifying the contribution of the environment to population dynamics through an innovative viewpoint of employing modern data science within traditional microbiology to obtain novel findings.