bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation
Authors: Queen Dawn , Fisher Juliya , Husain Sameera , Linos Konstantinos , Niedt George W. , Samie Faramarz H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCutaneous metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are extremely rare and can represent a sign of an underlying malignancy or relapse/progression from an existing tumor. We report a case of a cutaneous metastasis arising in a patient with metastatic HCC following orthotopic liver transplantation. Diagnosis is a multistep process as cutaneous HCC metastases must be differentiated from primary cutaneous malignancies as well as other cutaneous metastases. Making this even more challenging, HCC metastases have heterogeneous clinical and histologic appearances. Therefore, the use of immunohistochemical stains, including hepatocyte paraffin‐1, arginase‐1, and glypican‐3, and correlation with the clinical context are essential for a correct diagnosis.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and substance‐related disorders in parents of children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Barreto Tainara M , Bento Mayara N , Barreto Tamiris M , Jagersbacher João Gabriel , Jones Nathalia S , Lucena Rita , Bandeira Igor D 
Published: August 2019

AimTo estimate the prevalence of mental illness in parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis is a systematic review that follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols in the search for observational studies determining the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse in parents of individuals with CP. The information sources used for this study were: PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, and Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde.ResultsFourteen articles were selected and included, investigating 1264 mothers and 105 fathers of children with CP. Data extracted for analysis were divided into three categories: study data, data about participants with CP, and data about parents. All studies included volunteer parents, of whom 95 per cent were female.InterpretationCP is related to a higher prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in parents. Factors such as a child's degree of functionality and socioeconomic level may influence the frequency of mental disorders in parents. However, these studies have heterogeneous samples and applied different criteria to characterize their populations.What this paper adds

Depression and anxiety are more prevalent for parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP) than parents of typically developing children.

The child's illness severity is a risk factor for mental illness in parents of children with CP.

The more time spent on child care, the higher the risk of mental illness among mothers of children with CP.

There is a lack of reliable data in the literature on substance abuse in parents of children with CP.
Prevalence, trends, and correlates of malnutrition among hospitalized children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Reyes Fabiola I , Salemi Jason L , Dongarwar Deepa , Magazine Caila B , Salihu Hamisu M 
Published: August 2019

AimThis cross‐sectional study characterized the prevalence, trends, sociodemographic factors, and clinical factors that are associated with a coded diagnosis of malnutrition (CDM) among hospitalized children with cerebral palsy (CP) in the USA.MethodWe used data from the 2002 to 2015 National Inpatient Sample database and restricted the analysis to hospitalized children with CP between 2 and 17 years of age. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes for CP, malnutrition, and comorbidities associated with CP were used to characterize hospitalizations for this population. Logistic regression models were conducted to identify the sociodemographic factors and comorbidities associated with a diagnosis of malnutrition.ResultsThe average documented rate of CDM among hospitalized children with CP was 7.9% and nearly doubled during the study period. The model suggests that younger age, non‐white ethnicity, lower income, and non‐private insurance/payer status were associated with increased odds of documented malnutrition. Concomitant inpatient diagnoses of epilepsy, dysphagia, scoliosis, reflux, and constipation were associated with higher rates of CDM.InterpretationThe rate of CDM in hospitalized patients with CP is well under the estimated clinical prevalence of 30% to 40%. Multiple sociodemographic, hospital, and clinical factors are associated with higher rates of CDM.What this paper adds

The documented rate of malnutrition in hospitalized children with cerebral palsy (CP) averaged 7.9% yearly.

For hospitalized children with CP, documentation of malnutrition nearly doubled between 2002 and 2015.

Economically disadvantaged and minority ethnic groups had a greater likelihood of malnutrition documentation.

Inpatient malnutrition documentation was more likely with some comorbidities indicative of greater impairments.

Gastrointestinal disorders increased the likelihood of an inpatient‐documented diagnosis of malnutrition.
Diabetes drugs and stroke risk: Intensive versus conventional glucose‐lowering strategies, and implications of recent cardiovascular outcome trials
Authors: Lim Soo , Oh Tae Jung , Dawson Jesse , Sattar Naveed 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPeople with diabetes mellitus are at higher risk of ischaemic stroke and worse outcomes thereafter. However, whether it is better to prescribe intensive glucose‐lowering treatment compared with conventional treatment in people with diabetes to prevent recurrent stroke is debated. It is also crucial to consider whether specific antidiabetic agents are more efficacious and safer than others for prevention of stroke. In this review, we provide an overview of the efficacy of intensive and conventional glucose‐lowering treatment in post‐stroke management. Our conclusion is that the overall evidence for a beneficial effect of intensive glycaemic control on risk of stroke is limited. We also discuss evidence from recent large clinical trials of thiazolidinediones and new antidiabetic medications, including dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs), and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors. On the basis of the findings of these trials, our conclusion is that pioglitazone and the GLP‐1RA class (other than short‐acting lixisenatide) are likely to lessen the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease (by mechanisms not dependent on glucose‐lowering per se), whereas there is no consistent evidence for other drug classes.
Dapagliflozin vs non‐SGLT‐2i treatment is associated with lower healthcare costs in type 2 diabetes patients similar to participants in the DECLARE‐TIMI 58 trial: A nationwide observational study
Authors: Norhammar Anna , Bodegard Johan , Nyström Thomas , Thuresson Marcus , Rikner Klas , Nathanson David , Eriksson Jan W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate how the cardiovascular (CV) risk benefits of dapagliflozin translate into healthcare costs compared with other non‐sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor glucose‐lowering drugs (oGLDs) in a real‐world population with type 2 diabetes (T2D) that is similar to the population of the DECLARE‐TIMI 58 trial.MethodsPatients initiating dapagliflozin or oGLDs between 2013 and 2016 in Swedish nationwide healthcare registries were included if they fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria of the DECLARE‐TIMI 58 trial (DECLARE‐like population). Propensity scores for the likelihood of dapagliflozin initiation were calculated, followed by 1:3 matching with initiators of oGLDs. Per‐patient cumulative costs for hospital healthcare (in‐ and outpatient) and for drugs were calculated from new initiation until end of follow‐up.ResultsA total of 24 828 patients initiated a new GLD; 6207 initiated dapagliflozin and 18 621 initiated an oGLD. After matching based on 96 clinical and healthcare cost variables, groups were balanced at baseline. Mean cumulative 30‐month healthcare cost per patient was similar in the dapagliflozin and oGLD groups ($11 807 and $11 906, respectively; difference, −$99; 95% CI, −$629, $483; P = 0.644). Initiation of dapagliflozin rather than an oGLD was associated with significantly lower hospital costs (−$658; 95% CI, −$1169, −$108; P = 0.024) and significantly higher drug costs ($559; 95% CI, $471, $648; P < 0.001). Hospital cost difference was related mainly to fewer CV‐ and T2D‐associated complications with use of dapagliflozin compared with use of an oGLD (−$363; 95% CI, −$665, −$61; P = 0.008).ConclusionIn a nationwide, real‐world, DECLARE‐like population, dapagliflozin was associated with lower hospital costs compared with an oGLD, mainly as a result of reduced rates of CV‐ and T2D‐associated complications.
Forage quality and quantity affect red mason bees and honeybees differently in flowers of strawberry varieties
Authors: Ahrenfeldt Erica Juel , Sigsgaard Lene , Hansted Lise , Jensen Anders Christian , Toldam‐Andersen Torben Bo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNectar is a vital source of energy for bees and other pollinators and pollen represents the only source of protein in the diet of bees. Nectar and pollen quality and quantity can therefore affect foraging choices. Strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa (Rosaceae), is a flowering crop that requires insect pollination for the berries to develop optimally. The solitary red mason bee, Osmia bicornis L. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), occurs naturally but like the eusocial western honeybee, Apis mellifera mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), it is also a commercially reared pollinator used in strawberry production. We hypothesized that strawberry nectar and pollen quality would affect the foraging choice of these two types of bees. In this study nectar and pollen quality is represented by various levels of sugar and protein content, respectively, as well as the number of open strawberry flowers in the experimental field, would affect the foraging choice of these two types of bees. Consistent with previous studies, we found significant and major differences between strawberry varieties in proportions of sucrose in the nectar sugar and in pollen viability – a proxy for pollen protein content. All measured parameters had a significant effect on red mason bee visitation frequency. Contrary to expectations, honeybee foraging behavior was only affected by the number of open flowers and not by any of the quality parameters measured. Our findings indicate that red mason bees were capable of assessing nectar and pollen quality and prioritize accordingly. The pattern observed indicates that individual red mason bees changed foraging focus between strawberry varieties depending on whether nectar or pollen was collected. Our results suggest that targeted breeding of varieties toward high levels of nectar sugar and sucrose concentrations and high pollen protein content may increase pollination success from red mason bees and possibly other solitary bees.
Associative learning in immature lacewings (Ceraeochrysa cubana)
Authors: de Oliveira Cleber M. , Pallini Angelo , Bernardo Ana M.G. , Veiga Valéria R. , de Brito Luan A.R. , Venzon Madelaine , de Lima Eraldo R. , Janssen Arne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is known that many social insects and arthropod predators and parasitoids can learn the association between a resource and volatile cues. Although there are various studies on the effect of experience in immature arthropods on behavior later in adult life, not much is known about the effects of such experiences on immature behavior. This was investigated here in the lacewing Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Whereas adults of this lacewing feed on plant‐provided food and honeydew, larvae are voracious polyphagous predators of several insect pests, and therefore important for biological control. Hence, studying the foraging behavior and the effects of learning in immatures of this species is important. We exposed immatures to the volatile methyl salicylate (MeSA), which was either associated with food or with the absence of food. Subsequently, their response to this volatile was tested in an olfactometer. Immatures that had experienced the association of MeSA with food were attracted to it and immatures that were exposed to MeSA during food deprivation were repelled. Subsequently, predator immatures that had experienced the association between MeSA and food were released on a plant without food and were found to use this volatile in locating patches with food. In contrast, larvae without such experience were found equally on food patches with and without the volatile. We conclude that these immature predators are capable of learning the association between volatiles and food, or the absence of food, and use this during foraging.
Understanding the motivations of patients: A co‐designed project to understand the factors behind patient engagement
Authors: McCarron Tamara L. , Noseworthy Thomas , Moffat Karen , Wilkinson Gloria , Zelinsky Sandra , White Deborah , Hassay Derek , Lorenzetti Diane L. , Marlett Nancy J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundLarge‐scale transformation depends on effective engagement of diverse stakeholders. With the evolution of the role of the ‘patient partner’ in health‐care decision making, understanding the motivations of these individuals is essential to the success of engagement initiatives. This study reports on motivational factors associated with patient engagement in health care.MethodsPatient co‐investigators and a researcher co‐designed and conducted this study. A survey was administered to patients and family members. Key informant interviews and previous research informed the development of the survey tool. The survey data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis to identify the underlying dimensions in the data. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine reliability.ResultsA total of 1449 individuals participated in the survey. Of these, 543 completed and 427 partially completed the survey (67% complete rate). The mean age of the respondents was 54 years. The majority of participants were female, well‐educated, retired, married and lived in an urban centre. Seven motivational factors explained 65% of the total variance. Analysis of internal consistency revealed acceptable reliability for all items. The seven motivations were as follows: Self‐fulfillment, Improving Healthcare, Compensation, Influence, Learning New Things, Conditional and Perks.ConclusionThe results of this research describe a sample of patient and family members currently engaged with health systems. We identified seven motivational factors underlying their engagement. A deeper knowledge of volunteer motivations will not only create meaningful engagement opportunities for patients, but also enable health organizations to gain from the experience of these individuals, thereby enhancing quality and sustainability of patient engagement programmes.
Characterization and topical delivery of phenylethyl resorcinol
Authors: Zhang Y. , Sil B. C. , Kung C.‐P. , Hadgraft J. , Heinrich M. , Sinko B. , Lane M. E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivePhenylethyl resorcinol (PR) has been used widely in the personal care industry as a novel skin lightening ingredient. Surprisingly, there is only limited information describing the physicochemical properties of this active. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive characterization of PR. A secondary objective was to investigate the delivery of this molecule to mammalian skin.MethodsPhenylethyl resorcinol was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A new high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for analysis of PR was developed and validated. The log P (octanol water partition coefficient), value, solubility and short‐term stability of PR in a series of vehicles were also determined using HPLC. The evaporation of the selected vehicles was examined using dynamic vapour sorption (DVS). The permeation profiles of PR were investigated under finite dose conditions in porcine and human skin.ResultsThe melting point of PR was determined to be 79.13 °C and the measured log P (octanol water partition coefficient) at 21 °C was 3.35 ± 0.03. The linearity of the HPLC analytical method was confirmed with an r2 value of 0.99. Accuracy of the method was evaluated by average recovery rates at three tested concentrations, and the values ranged from 99 to 106%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.19 and 0.57 μg mL−1, respectively. The solubility of PR in PG, DMI, glycerol was within the range of 367 to 877 mg mL−1. The stability of PR in tested solvents was also confirmed by the 72 h stability studies. From the DVS studies, 70–125% of applied formulations were recovered at 24 h. The permeation through porcine skin at 24 h ranged from 4 to 13 μg cm−2, while the corresponding amounts of PR delivered through human skin were 2 to 10 μg cm−2.ConclusionThe physicochemical properties of PR confirm it is suitable for dermal delivery. In this study, propylene glycol was the most promising vehicle for PR delivery to human skin. Future work will expand the range of vehicles studied and explore the percutaneous absorption from more complex formulations.
Potential immunomodulatory effects of stem cells from the apical papilla on Treg conversion in tissue regeneration for regenerative endodontic treatment
Authors: Liu X. M. , Liu Y. , Yu S. , Jiang L. M. , Song B. , Chen X. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the expression of Foxp3‐positive lymphocytes around newly formed tissue after regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) in vivo and investigate the effects of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) on the conversion of CD4+CD25− T cells to CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro.MethodologyThree 6‐month‐old beagles with nine doubled‐rooted premolars in each dog were randomly assigned to the RET group and the control group. RET was performed after apical periodontitis had been induced in the experimental immature teeth. Three months later, the expression of Foxp3 was detected in the histological sections by immunofluorescent staining. Human SCAP and CD4+CD25− T cells from mice spleens (1 : 1 and 1 : 5) were co‐cultured in cell–cell contact or in Transwells, respectively, for 24 and 72 h in vitro. The percentage of Tregs was evaluated by flow cytometry. The results were analysed using the Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance. P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.ResultsInflammatory cells were present with tissue regeneration in the RET group, and Foxp3‐positive T cells were enriched around the newly formed tissues. SCAP promoted Treg conversion after 72 h in vitro. Cell–cell contact played an important role after the 24 h co‐culture, whilst soluble factors were also involved after 72 h (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSCAP promoted the conversion of pro‐inflammatory T cells to Tregs in vitro. Tregs were enriched around the regenerating tissues in the root canals after RET, which may create a suitable immune microenvironment for the differentiation of SCAP. This study provides an underlying mechanism for tissue regeneration during RET.
Excellent piezoelectric properties of PNN‐PHT ceramics sintered at low temperature with CuO addition
Authors: Xia Yushun , Li Zhimin , Yan Yangxi , Zhao Mo , Zhang Maolin , Zhang Dongyan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultilayer components with excellent piezoelectric performance have been developed for fulfilling the requirement of new‐generation electromechanical devices and systems. Multilayering of the piezoelectric ceramic requires good sinterability preferentially at lower temperature. In this study, copper (II) oxide (CuO) was utilized as the sintering additive to increase the sinterability of 0.49Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.51Pb(Hf0.3Ti0.7)O3 (PNN‐PHT) ceramics at low temperature, and simultaneously enhance the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the ceramics. The results demonstrated that the addition of CuO influenced the sintering behavior, grain growth, and piezoelectric properties of the PNN‐PHT ceramics. A ternary high performance piezoelectric PNN‐PHT ceramic sintered at 1050°C with 0.5 mol% CuO exhibited excellent properties as follows: d33 = 912 pC N−1 and εr = 6665.
Physico‐chemical, orosensory and microstructural properties of meat products containing rye bran, pea fibre or a combination of the two
Authors: Kehlet Ursula , Christensen Lars Bager , Raben Anne , Aaslyng Margit D. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryFunctionality of dietary fibres depends on their interaction with the food matrix to where they are added and gastrointestinal conditions. The present study investigated the physico‐chemical, orosensory and microstructural properties of meatballs and sausages containing different fibre ingredients (six recipes in total). The fibre‐rich meat products had a dietary fibre content of 3.0 g per 100 g. Viscosity and water‐holding capacity (WHC) were determined after an in vitro simulated digestion model. Fourteen subjects assessed chewing time. Microstructural characteristics were determined by CT scanning. Sausages had a longer chewing time and higher water content, but a lower WHC than meatballs. In contrast, the differences in viscosity were low. Moreover, the microstructural characteristics differed between sausages and meatballs and the differences seemed to be influenced by the fibre type. In conclusion, fibre ingredients affect meat quality‐related properties in terms of chewing time and microstructure when added to meatballs or sausages.
Proteome changes in lamb semimembranosus muscles associated with the inclusion of sunflower cake in their diet
Authors: de Melo Aline Moreira Portela , López‐Pedrouso María , Costa Roberto Germano , Franco Daniel , de Alencar Araripe Noronha Moura Arlindo , da Silva Taciane Alves , Moreno Frederico Bruno Mendes Batista , de Lima Júnior Valdi , de Oliveira Monteiro‐Moreira Ana Cristina , de Medeiros Ariosvaldo Nunes , de Azevedo Moreira Renato , Lorenzo Jose M. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryA diet based on sunflower cake for lambs was assayed in order to reuse biodiesel industrial by‐products with the aim of reducing livestock costs and evaluating their influence on meat quality. To achieve these goals, sixteen male lambs were fed diets containing different levels of sunflower cake (control, 5%, 10% and 15%). Afterwards, their semimembranosus muscles were analysed by two‐dimensional electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry and their functional protein association was examined using STRING. Structural and metabolic proteins in the lambs’ proteomes changed significantly according to their diet. Fifteen proteins showed significant changes caused by the inclusion of sunflower cake, and the most differentially abundant structural proteins were detected in 2‐DE gels from the lambs. Differentially abundant metabolic proteins such as ENO3 (enolase 3), MDH1 (malate dehydrogenase) and ALDH1A1 (retinal dehydrogenase) have been proposed as biomarkers of quality parameters in other species.