bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do physical therapists follow evidence-based guidelines when managing musculoskeletal conditions? Systematic review
Authors: Zadro Joshua , O’Keeffe Mary , Maher Christopher 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesPhysicians often refer patients with musculoskeletal conditions to physical therapy. However, it is unclear to what extent physical therapists’ treatment choices align with the evidence. The aim of this systematic review was to determine what percentage of physical therapy treatment choices for musculoskeletal conditions agree with management recommendations in evidence-based guidelines and systematic reviews.DesignSystematic review.SettingWe performed searches in Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Allied and Complementary Medicine, Scopus and Web of Science combining terms synonymous with ‘practice patterns’ and ‘physical therapy’ from the earliest record to April 2018.ParticipantsStudies that quantified physical therapy treatment choices for musculoskeletal conditions through surveys of physical therapists, audits of clinical notes and other methods (eg, audits of billing codes, clinical observation) were eligible for inclusion.Primary and secondary outcomesUsing medians and IQRs, we summarised the percentage of physical therapists who chose treatments that were recommended, not recommended and had no recommendation, and summarised the percentage of physical therapy treatments provided for various musculoskeletal conditions within the categories of recommended, not recommended and no recommendation. Results were stratified by condition and how treatment choices were assessed (surveys of physical therapists vs audits of clinical notes).ResultsWe included 94 studies. For musculoskeletal conditions, the median percentage of physical therapists who chose recommended treatments was 54% (n=23 studies; surveys completed by physical therapists) and the median percentage of patients that received recommended physical therapy-delivered treatments was 63% (n=8 studies; audits of clinical notes). For treatments not recommended, these percentages were 43% (n=37; surveys) and 27% (n=20; audits). For treatments with no recommendation, these percentages were 81% (n=37; surveys) and 45% (n=31; audits).ConclusionsMany physical therapists seem not to follow evidence-based guidelines when managing musculoskeletal conditions. There is considerable scope to increase use of recommended treatments and reduce use of treatments that are not recommended.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018094979.
CAPACITY PERMIT TRADING SCHEME, ECONOMIC WELFARE AND ENERGY INSECURITY: CASE STUDY OF COAL INDUSTRY IN CHINA
Authors: SHI XUNPENG , SHEN YIFAN , WANG KE , ZHANG YANFANG 
Published: October 2019

Cutting the overcapacity in coal industry is a current critical issue in China and is a matter for the world. However, inappropriate capacity cut policies may induce huge fluctuations of energy price, creating a threat to energy security and even economic stability. This paper designs a capacity permit trading scheme to minimize the compliance cost of production capacity cut, and proposes the operational details of capacity permit trading scheme using China’s coal industry as an example. We also construct a simple partial equilibrium model to examine the benefits and firm behaviors when adopting the permit trading scheme. The results demonstrate that the permit trading scheme will generate an overall positive social welfare as well as reduce firms’ cheating incentives. The results confirm that the more heterogeneous the firms are in terms of compliance costs, the higher will be the social welfare gains and the trade volume. Our findings show that the proposed permit trading scheme is feasible and beneficial in achieving the capacity cut target in China.
Investigation of aging characteristics in explosive using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Shi Wei , Dong Chengang , Hou Lei , Xing Zhiyang , Sun Qian , Zhang Lihao 
Published: October 2019

The terahertz absorption spectrum of the five aging explosive samples (PETN, RDX, HMX, LLM-105 and TATB) was measured and calculated by Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system (THz-TDS) and air-biased coherent detection system (ZAP-ABCD), respectively. In this paper, compared with the unaging explosive, each aging explosive sample’s terahertz time-domain spectra were obtained and the terahertz absorption spectra were calculated by using Fourier transform and Lambert’s law. The results show that there are several terahertz absorption peaks which were called “fingerprint spectra” for different aging explosive samples in the range of 0.3–6.0 THz spectrum. Meanwhile, the results also show that the locations of the characteristic absorption peaks are not the same. Moreover, the unaging and aging explosive samples have obviously different terahertz absorption spectra.
Interfacility Transfer of Medicare Beneficiaries With Acute Type A Aortic Dissection and Regionalization of Care in the United States
Authors: Goldstone Andrew B. , Chiu Peter , Baiocchi Michael , Lingala Bharathi , Lee Justin , Rigdon Joseph , Fischbein Michael P. , Woo Y. Joseph 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The feasibility and effectiveness of delaying surgery to transfer patients with acute type A aortic dissection—a catastrophic disease that requires prompt intervention—to higher-volume aortic surgery hospitals is unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that regionalizing care at high-volume hospitals for acute type A aortic dissections will lower mortality. We further decomposed this hypothesis into subparts, investigating the isolated effect of transfer and the isolated effect of receiving care at a high-volume versus a low-volume facility.

Methods:
We compared the operative mortality and long-term survival between 16 886 Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with an acute type A aortic dissection between 1999 and 2014 who (1) were transferred versus not transferred, (2) underwent surgery at high-volume versus low-volume hospitals, and (3) were rerouted versus not rerouted to a high-volume hospital for treatment. We used a preference-based instrumental variable design to address unmeasured confounding and matching to separate the effect of transfer from volume.

Results:
Between 1999 and 2014, 40.5% of patients with an acute type A aortic dissection were transferred, and 51.9% received surgery at a high-volume hospital. Interfacility transfer was not associated with a change in operative mortality (risk difference, –0.69%; 95% CI, –2.7% to 1.35%) or long-term mortality. Despite delaying surgery, a regionalization policy that transfers patients to high-volume hospitals was associated with a 7.2% (95% CI, 4.1%–10.3%) absolute risk reduction in operative mortality; this association persisted in the long term (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75–0.87). The median distance needed to reroute each patient to a high-volume hospital was 50.1 miles (interquartile range, 12.4–105.4 miles).

Conclusions:
Operative and long-term mortality were substantially reduced in patients with acute type A aortic dissection who were rerouted to high-volume hospitals. Policy makers should evaluate the feasibility and benefits of regionalizing the surgical treatment of acute type A aortic dissection in the United States.
Evaluation of Risk Factors for Heart-Lung Transplant Recipient Outcome
Authors: Shudo Yasuhiro , Wang Hanjay , Lingala Bharathi , He Hao , Kim Flora Y. , Hiesinger William , Lee Anson M. , Boyd Jack H. , Currie Maria , Woo Y. Joseph 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Heart-lung transplantation (HLTx) is an effective treatment for patients with advanced cardiopulmonary failure. However, no large multicenter study has focused on the relationship between donor and recipient risk factors and post-HLTx outcomes. Thus, we investigated this issue using data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database.

Methods:
All adult patients (age ≥18 years) registered in the United Network for Organ Sharing database who underwent HLTx between 1987 and 2017 were included (n=997). We stratified the cohort by patients who were alive without retransplant at 1 year (n=664) and patients who died or underwent retransplant within 1 year of HLTx (n=333). The primary outcome was the influence of donor and recipient characteristics on 1-year post-HLTx recipient death or retransplant. Kaplan-Meier curves were created to assess overall freedom from death or retransplant. To obtain a better effect estimation on hazard and survival time, the parametric Accelerated Failure Time model was chosen to perform time-to-event modeling analyses.

Results:

Overall graft survival at 1-year post-HLTx was 66.6%. Of donors, 53% were male, and the mean age was 28.2 years. Univariable analysis showed advanced donor age, recipient male sex, recipient creatinine, recipient history of prior cardiac or lung surgery, recipient extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, transplant year, and transplant center volume were associated with 1-year post-HLTx death or retransplant. On multivariable analysis, advanced donor age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.017;
P
=0.0007), recipient male sex (HR, 1.701;
P
=0.0002), recipient extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (HR, 4.854;
P
<0.0001), transplant year (HR, 0.962;
P
<0.0001), and transplantation at low-volume (HR, 1.694) and medium-volume centers (HR, 1.455) in comparison with high-volume centers (
P
=0.0007) remained as significant predictors of death or retransplant. These predictors were incorporated into an equation capable of estimating the preliminary probability of graft survival at 1-year post-HLTx on the basis of preoperative factors alone.

Conclusions:
HLTx outcomes may be improved by considering the strong influence of donor age, recipient sex, recipient hemodynamic status, and transplant center volume. Marginal donors and recipients without significant factors contributing to poor post-HLTx outcomes may still be considered for transplantation, potentially with less impact on the risk of early postoperative death or retransplant.
How the ‘Post-Truth’ Phenomenon Harms Political Dialogue between States
Authors: Arnaud Damien 
Published: October 2019

Summary
The post-truth phenomenon harms political dialogue between nations. Our collective approach to news and to ‘truth in the news’ has been blown off course by a combination of factors, described by twelve statesmen and diplomats in interviews, which this practitioner attempts to explain here by drawing on his perspective as a communicator at NATO. Post-truth has made political dialogue unattractive and unpleasant for many leaders. It has given wider credence to the notion that the truth is unimportant and that the search for truth is unnecessary and pretentious. This has proven costly to stable international relations, because truth speaks of what is just, accepted and therefore stable. Dialogue is devalued today on account of its association with the search for truth. To have any chance of restoring a functioning European security system, dialogue must be restored. This can be achieved by considering anew George Orwell’s famed concept of ‘common decency’.
<p><strong>First record of the dinoflagellate <em>Metadinophysis sinensis</em> (Dinophysales, Dinophyceae) in the Atlantic Ocean</strong></p>
Authors: AFFE HELEN MICHELLE DE JESUS , NUNES JOSÉ MARCOS DE CASTRO , PROENÇA LUIS ANTÔNIO DE OLIVEIRA , FONSECA RENATA STOCK , MENEZES MARIÂNGELA 
Published: October 2019

The genus Metadinophysis was proposed by Nie & Wang (1941) based on their description of the new species Metadinophysis sinensis Nie & Wang, from collections in Ching-lan Bay, Hainan Province, China. In addition to the Pacific Ocean, coastal waters of Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam, the genus was recorded for the southern coast of Myanmar (Su-Myat et al. 2012) and more recently in New Caledonia (Chomérat 2016). The present study constitutes the first record of Metadinophysis sinensis for the tropical Atlantic Ocean, from collections made in five coastal systems located in the coast of Bahia (13°01’30” S and 038°34’40” W, 13°52’44” S and 038°57’58” W), northeastern Brazil (Fig. 1).
Deep Convection over Africa: Annual Cycle, ENSO, and Trends in the Hotspots
Authors: Hart Neil C. G. , Washington Richard , Maidment Ross I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAfrica is one of the three key regions of deep convection in the global tropics. There is a wealth of information on the intensity, variability, and change of convection and associated rainfall in regions across the continent but almost all of this literature is regionally focused and confined to specific seasons. This fragmented approach precludes a continent-wide view of deep convection leaving the following key issues unanswered: When is deep convection the most widespread across Africa? Where on the continent is deep convection most active? Where does widespread convection have the most interannual variability? This paper confronts these questions using a satellite-derived integral of deep convection. At the continental scale, March exhibits the most extensive deep convection whereas the West African monsoon during June–July exhibits the least. El Niño generally suppresses pan-African convective activity while La Niña enhances this activity. These pan-African signals are largely determined by regional hotspots: the eastern Congo hosts the most persistent widespread deep convection, southeastern southern Africa displays the highest interannual variability, and regional highlands maintain local convective activity hotspots. Furthermore, pan-African annual mean convective activity has increased ~10% between 1983 and 2015 with increases of &gt;20% recorded in local hotspots. Results in this study provide a climatological baseline for both observational and model-based studies of African climates and offer insights into when African convection has the greatest potential impact on the general circulation.
Persistent Turbulence in the Samoan Passage
Authors: Cusack Jesse M. , Voet Gunnar , Alford Matthew H. , Girton James B. , Carter Glenn S. , Pratt Larry J. , Pearson-Potts Kelly A. , Tan Shuwen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAbyssal waters forming the lower limb of the global overturning circulation flow through the Samoan Passage and are modified by intense mixing. Thorpe-scale-based estimates of dissipation from moored profilers deployed on top of two sills for 17 months reveal that turbulence is continuously generated in the passage. Overturns were observed in a density band in which the Richardson number was often smaller than ¼, consistent with shear instability occurring at the upper interface of the fast-flowing bottom water layer. The magnitude of dissipation was found to be stable on long time scales from weeks to months. A second array of 12 moored profilers deployed for a shorter duration but profiling at higher frequency was able to resolve variability in dissipation on time scales from days to hours. At some mooring locations, near-inertial and tidal modulation of the dissipation rate was observed. However, the modulation was not spatially coherent across the passage. The magnitude and vertical structure of dissipation from observations at one of the major sills is compared with an idealized 2D numerical simulation that includes a barotropic tidal forcing. Depth-integrated dissipation rates agree between model and observations to within a factor of 3. The tide has a negligible effect on the mean dissipation. These observations reinforce the notion that the Samoan Passage is an important mixing hot spot in the global ocean where waters are being transformed continuously.
Nonoperative Treatment of Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries With and Without Platelet-Rich Plasma in Professional Baseball Players: A Comparative and Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Chauhan Aakash , McQueen Peter , Chalmers Peter N. , Ciccotti Michael G. , Camp Christopher L. , D’Angelo John , Potter Hollis G. , Fealy Stephen A. , Erickson Brandon J. , Hoenecke Heinz R. , Keefe Daniel , McCauley Julie , Fronek Jan 
Published: October 2019

Background: Recent studies evaluating nonoperative treatment of elbow ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries augmented with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have shown promising results. To date, no comparative studies have been performed on professional baseball players who have undergone nonoperative treatment with or without PRP injections for UCL injuries. Hypothesis: Players who received PRP injections would have better outcomes than those who did not receive PRP. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The Major League Baseball (MLB) Health and Injury Tracking System identified 544 professional baseball players who were treated nonoperatively for elbow UCL injuries between 2011 and 2015. Of these, 133 received PRP injections (PRP group) before starting their nonoperative treatment program, and 411 did not (no-PRP group). Player outcomes and a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were compared between groups. In addition, to reduce selection bias, a 1:1 matched comparison of the PRP group versus the no-PRP group was performed. Players were matched by age, position, throwing side, and league status: major (MLB) and minor (Minor League Baseball [MiLB]). A single radiologist with extensive experience in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpretation of elbow injuries in elite athletes analyzed 243 MRI scans for which images were accessible for tear location and grade interpretation. Results: Nonoperative treatment of UCL injuries resulted in an overall 54% rate of return to play (RTP). Players who received PRP had a significantly longer delay in return to throwing ( P < .001) and RTP ( P = .012). The matched cohort analysis showed that MLB and MiLB pitchers in the no-PRP group had a significantly faster return to throwing ( P < .05) and the MiLB pitchers in the no-PRP group had a significantly faster RTP ( P = .045). The survival analysis did not reveal significant differences between groups over time. The use of PRP, MRI grade, and tear location were not statistically significant predictors for RTP or progression to surgery. Conclusion: In this retrospective matched comparison of MLB and MiLB pitchers and position players treated nonoperatively for a UCL tear, PRP did not improve RTP outcomes or ligament survivorship, although there was variability with respect to PRP preparations, injection protocols, time from injury to injection, and rehabilitation programs. MRI grade and tear location also did not significantly affect RTP outcomes or progression to surgery.
Baseline and clinical characteristics of older adults admitted to the intensive care unit through the emergency room: Analysis based on age groups
Authors: Lee Ye Lim , Ha Sang Ook , Park Young Sun , Yi Jeong Hyeon , Hur Sun Beom , Lee Ki Ho , Hong Ki Yong , Sin Ju Young , Kim Duk Hwan , Cha Jun Kwon , Kim Jin Hyuck 
Published: October 2019

Background and Objectives: There is currently no consensus on the criteria for admitting older adults to the intensive care unit. Methods: This single-center retrospective study evaluated the baseline and clinical characteristics of older adults admitted to the intensive care unit between January 2017 and June 2017; patients were analyzed according to their age group. Factors associated with in-hospital mortality were specifically determined using logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 582 patients included in the present study, 34.2%, 46.6%, and 19.2% were aged 65–74, 75–84, and over 84 years, respectively. In terms of clinical outcomes, although there were no significant differences in the length of intensive care unit and hospital stay and intensive care unit mortality, significant differences were observed in terms of in-hospital mortality, hospital discharge disposition, and neurologic outcomes at discharge ( p = 0.039, p = 0.005, and p = 0.032, respectively). Predictive factors for in-hospital mortality were age (⩾85 years), initial mental status (stupor to coma), a Korean Triage and Acuity Scale level of 1, underlying diagnosis of cancer, abdominal pain or discomfort, apnea, and a chief compliant of dyspnea. Conclusion: Compared to those aged 65–84 years, in-hospital mortality was 1.96-fold higher in those aged over 84 years. However, the overall mortality in our cohort was not considerably different from that of the younger population. Intensive care unit admission should be considered in selected older adults after evaluating the risk factors for mortality.
A new method for reduction quality assessment in acetabular fractures: acetabular congruency measurement
Authors: Selek Ozgur , Tosun Bilgehan , Sarlak Ahmet Y 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: The determination of adequate reduction is difficult perioperatively due to inadequate radiographic scanning and objective measurement methods. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate an objective measurement of the weight bearing acetabular dome congruency. The sensitivity and specificity of 2 measurement methods after acetabular fracture fixation are compared. Patients and methods: Postoperative acetabular reduction was assessed based on postoperative anteroposterior radiographs according to hip joint congruency and Matta’s classification in 55 patients. For hip joint congruency measurements, one circle was drawn as superior femoral head border and another one was drawn as weight-bearing acetabular dome border. The difference between the centres of the circles was measured in millimetres. Comparative studies were performed between groups according to reduction quality and clinical and radiological results. Results: The threshold value for the difference between the 2 circle centres was found as 4.4 mm according to the clinical outcomes; 3.8 mm according to radiological outcomes in joint congruency method. The sensitivity of this method was found as 90.2% and 92.7%, and specificity as 64.3% and 57.1% considering the clinical and radiological results, respectively. In the assessment of joint congruency, false positive rate was lower than assessing reduction quality using the method defined by Matta. Conclusions: Joint congruency assessment based on a postoperative anteroposterior radiograph in patients treated with open reduction internal fixation for acetabular fractures is a suitable method for assessing the adequacy of reduction. This method can be used intraoperatively using fluoroscopy imaging during surgery.