bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in subfoveal choroidal thickness secondary to orthokeratology and its cessation: a predictor for the change in axial length
Authors: Li Zhouyue , Hu Yin , Cui Dongmei , Long Wen , He Mingguang , Yang Xiao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) during orthokeratology (Ortho‐K) lens wear and after its cessation and the association of short‐term change in SFChT with the long‐term eye elongation in Ortho‐K subjects.DesignA prospective clinical trial.MethodsFifty myopic children aged between 9 and 14 years were enrolled. Twenty‐nine subjects continuously wore Ortho‐K lens for 12 months and discontinued for 1 month. Twenty‐one subjects wearing single vision distance spectacles for 12 months were included as the control group. SFChT was assessed using optical coherence tomography. Ocular parameters, including axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and apical corneal power (ACP), were also measured.ResultsAfter 12 months of follow‐up, AL elongation was larger and SFChT change was smaller in the control group compared to the Ortho‐K group (both p < 0.001). In the Ortho‐K group, SFChT increased by 16 μm from baseline at the 1‐month visit (p < 0.001), and the magnitude of choroidal thickening remained unchanged at the 6‐ and 12‐month visit (p = 0.289). One month after discontinuation of Ortho‐K lens, SFChT and ocular parameters of the anterior segment, including ACP, CCT and ACD recovered to baseline level (All p > 0.05), and AL increased by 0.23 ± 0.18 mm compared to baseline (p = 0.018). SFChT change at 1‐month was negatively associated with AL change at 13‐month (standard β, −0.581, p = 0.001) after adjusting for other influencing factors, including baseline age and the ocular parameters.ConclusionSubfoveal ChT (SFChT) significantly increased after short‐term Ortho‐K lens treatment and the increase maintained throughout the period of treatment. One month after Ortho‐K lens cessation, SFChT, ACP, CCT and ACD returned to baseline. Short‐term response in SFChT is associated with long‐term change in AL in children undergoing Ortho‐K lens and may be a predictor for the effectiveness of the treatment.
Influence of glaucoma surgery on visual function: a clinical cohort study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Junoy Montolio Francisco G. , Müskens Rogier P.H.M. , Jansonius Nomdo M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo determine the cost (loss of visual function associated with the procedure) and benefit (long‐term preservation of the visual field) of glaucoma surgery.MethodsWe included 100 patients who underwent glaucoma surgery (Baerveldt glaucoma implant [BGI], n = 61; trabeculectomy [TE], n = 39). Preoperatively, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) standard automated perimetry mean deviation (MD) was −12 (−16 to −6) dB. We analysed the change in visual acuity (BCVA) and MD due to the procedure and, in a subset with at least 5 years of perimetric follow‐up both pre‐ and postoperatively (n = 20), the change in rate of progression (ROP; time rate of change in MD). For the surgery‐induced change in ROP, we also performed a meta‐analysis including the current and previously published studies. From the surgery‐induced decrease in MD and change in ROP, we calculated the average postoperative duration needed for the benefit to surpass the cost.ResultsMean (standard deviation) MD decline was 1.3 (2.7) and 1.0 (2.3) dB for BGI (p < 0.001) and TE (p = 0.009), respectively; no significant surgery‐induced changes in BCVA were found (p = 0.08 and p = 0.12, respectively). In our study, surgery was associated with a non‐significant deceleration of ROP (from −0.37 [0.52] to −0.15 [0.48] dB/year; p = 0.23). The meta‐analysis, based on eight studies, showed an overall surgery‐induced change in ROP of 0.44 (95% confidence interval 0.25 to 0.64; p < 0.0001) dB/year.ConclusionGlaucoma surgery significantly reduces the progression velocity in glaucoma. On average, the benefit of glaucoma surgery surpasses the cost after approximately 1.5 years.
Evidence‐based clinical guidelines on analgesia and sedation in newborn infants undergoing assisted ventilation and endotracheal intubation
Authors: Ancora Gina , Lago Paola , Garetti Elisabetta , Merazzi Daniele , Savant Levet Patrizia , Bellieni Carlo Valerio , Pieragostini Luisa , Pirelli Anna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThis review informed pain control guidelines for clinicians performing mechanical ventilation, nasal continuous positive airway pressure and endotracheal intubation on term and preterm newborn infants.MethodsWe reviewed literature published between 1986 and June 2017 on analgesia and sedation during assisted ventilation and before endotracheal intubation in newborn infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units. The subsequent guidelines were developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.ResultsOur review produced five strong standard of care recommendations. One, reduce neonatal stress and use nonpharmacological analgesia during invasive ventilation. Two, favour intermittent boluses of opioids, administered after pain scores and before invasive procedures, during short expected periods of mechanical ventilation, mainly in preterm infants affected by respiratory distress syndrome. Three, do not use morphine infusion in preterm infants under 27 gestational weeks. Four, always use algometric scores to titrate analgesic drugs doses. Five, use premedication before endotracheal intubation for a more rapid, less painful, less traumatic and safer manoeuvre. We also developed 30 conditional recommendations on therapeutic options.ConclusionOur review produced 35 recommendations on standard care and therapeutic options relating to the analgesia and sedation of newborn infants during ventilation and before endotracheal intubation.
Molecular stressors underlying exercise training‐induced improvements in K+ regulation during exercise and Na+,K+‐ATPase adaptation in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Christiansen Danny 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite substantial progress made towards a better understanding of the importance of skeletal muscle K+ regulation for human physical function and its association with several disease states (eg type‐II diabetes and hypertension), the molecular basis underpinning adaptations in K+ regulation to various stimuli, including exercise training, remains inadequately explored in humans. In this review, the molecular mechanisms essential for enhancing skeletal muscle K+ regulation and its key determinants, including Na+,K+‐ATPase function and expression, by exercise training are examined. Special attention is paid to the following molecular stressors and signaling proteins: oxygenation, redox balance, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant function, Na+,K+, and Ca2+ concentrations, anaerobic ATP turnover, AMPK, lactate, and mRNA expression. On this basis, an update on the effects of different types of exercise training on K+ regulation in humans is provided, focusing on recent discoveries about the muscle fibre‐type‐dependent regulation of Na+,K+‐ATPase‐isoform expression. Furthermore, with special emphasis on blood‐flow‐restricted exercise as an exemplary model to modulate the key molecular mechanisms identified, it is discussed how training interventions may be designed to maximize improvements in K+ regulation in humans. The novel insights gained from this review may help us to better understand how exercise training and other strategies, such as pharmacological interventions, may be best designed to enhance K+ regulation and thus the physical function in humans.
Evaluation of axitinib to downstage cT2a renal tumours and allow partial nephrectomy: a phase II study
Authors: Lebacle Cedric , Bensalah Karim , Bernhard Jean‐Christophe , Albiges Laurence , Laguerre Brigitte , Gross‐Goupil Marine , Baumert Herve , Lang Herve , Tricard Thibault , Duclos Brigitte , Arnoux Armelle , Piedvache Celine , Patard Jean‐Jacques , Escudier Bernard 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the ability of neoadjuvant axitinib to reduce the size of T2 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) for shifting from a radical nephrectomy (RN) to a partial nephrectomy (PN) indication, offering preservation of renal function.Patients and MethodsPatients with cT2aN0NxM0 clear‐cell RCC, considered not suitable for PN, were enrolled in a prospective, multicentre, phase II trial (AXIPAN). Axitinib 5 mg, and up to 7–10 mg, was administered twice daily, for 2–6 months before surgery, depending on the radiological response. The primary outcome was the number of patients receiving PN for a tumour <7 cm in size after neoadjuvant axitinib.ResultsEighteen patients were enrolled. The median (range) tumour size and RENAL nephrometry score were 76.5 (70–98) mm and 11 (7–11), respectively. After axitinib neoadjuvant treatment, 16 tumours decreased in diameter, with a median size reduction of 17% (64.0 vs 76.5 mm; P < 0.001). The primary outcome was considered achieved in 12 patients who underwent PN for tumours <7 cm. Sixteen patients underwent PN. Axitinib was tolerated in the present study, as has been previously shown in the metastatic setting. Five patients had grade 3 adverse events. Five patients experienced Clavien III–V post‐surgery complications. At 2‐year follow‐up, six patients had metastatic progression, and two had a recurrence.ConclusionNeoadjuvant axitinib in cT2 ccRCC is feasible and, even with a modest decrease in size, allowed a tumour shrinkage <7 cm in 12 cases; however, PN procedures remained complex, requiring surgical expertise with possible morbidity.
The community and ecosystem consequences of intraspecific diversity: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Raffard Allan , Santoul Frédéric , Cucherousset Julien , Blanchet Simon 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has major implications. Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships are generally investigated at the interspecific level, although intraspecific diversity (i.e. within‐species diversity) is increasingly perceived as an important ecological facet of biodiversity. Here, we provide a quantitative and integrative synthesis testing, across diverse plant and animal species, whether intraspecific diversity is a major driver of community dynamics and ecosystem functioning. We specifically tested (i) whether the number of genotypes/phenotypes (i.e. intraspecific richness) or the specific identity of genotypes/phenotypes (i.e. intraspecific variation) in populations modulate the structure of communities and the functioning of ecosystems, (ii) whether the ecological effects of intraspecific richness and variation are strong in magnitude, and (iii) whether these effects vary among taxonomic groups and ecological responses. We found a non‐linear relationship between intraspecific richness and community and ecosystem dynamics that follows a saturating curve shape, as observed for biodiversity–function relationships measured at the interspecific level. Importantly, intraspecific richness modulated ecological dynamics with a magnitude that was equal to that previously reported for interspecific richness. Our results further confirm, based on a database containing more than 50 species, that intraspecific variation also has substantial effects on ecological dynamics. We demonstrated that the effects of intraspecific variation are twice as high as expected by chance, and that they might have been underestimated previously. Finally, we found that the ecological effects of intraspecific variation are not homogeneous and are actually stronger when intraspecific variation is manipulated in primary producers than in consumer species, and when they are measured at the ecosystem rather than at the community level. Overall, we demonstrated that the two facets of intraspecific diversity (richness and variation) can both strongly affect community and ecosystem dynamics, which reveals the pivotal role of within‐species biodiversity for understanding ecological dynamics.
Are pulp consumers effective seed dispersers? Tests with a large‐seeded tropical relict tree
Authors: Peña‐Egaña Mara , Loayza Andrea P. , Squeo Francisco A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeveral plant species in the Neotropics bear large, fleshy fruits that suggest adaptation to endozoochorous seed dispersal by large vertebrates. Many of these plants occur in areas where large vertebrates are no longer present; consequently, their seeds are dispersed by pulp consumers; small vertebrates that only ingest the pulp reward because they are uncapable of swallowing the fruits whole. Few studies have examined the role of these pulp consumers on the regeneration of large‐fruited/seeded plants. Here, we assessed seed disperser effectiveness (SDE) and context‐dependence in SDE of pulp consumers of Pouteria splendens, a large‐seeded tree, considered a tropical relict in Mediterranean Chile. We found that P. splendens fruits are consumed by six species of non‐flying vertebrates; four of which act as dispersers with very low effectiveness. Low SDE resulted from the quantitative, rather than the qualitative component, specifically from low visitation rates. Most seeds remained under P. splendens trees, either from being dispersed there or because they were not dispersed at all. However, both emergence and establishment probabilities were higher under conspecific plants than in other habitats, suggesting no negative density‐dependent effects on P. splendens recruitment. Although the absence of more effective dispersers does not seem to affect local recruitment probabilities, it results in the absence of long‐distance dispersal, further isolating the remnant P. splendens populations. Finally, although pulp consumers have very low disperser effectiveness, the key functional role of these species is to remove the fleshy pulp from P. splendens’ seed as its presence significantly reduces germination probability.
Exploration of resistance mechanisms for epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors based on plasma analysis by digital polymerase chain reaction and next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Iwama Eiji , Sakai Kazuko , Azuma Koichi , Harada Daijiro , Nosaki Kaname , Hotta Katsuyuki , Nishio Makoto , Kurata Takayasu , Fukuhara Tatsuro , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Goto Koichi , Shimose Takayuki , Kishimoto Junji , Nakanishi Yoichi , Nishio Kazuto , Okamoto Isamu 
Published: October 2018

Liquid biopsy offers a potential alternative to tissue biopsy for detection of genetic alterations in cancer, and it has been introduced into clinical practice to detect the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance‐conferring T790M mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We prospectively collected tumor and plasma samples from 25 NSCLC patients who harbored activating mutations of EGFR and experienced failure of treatment with afatinib. The samples were analyzed by digital PCR (dPCR) and next‐generation sequencing (NGS). T790M was detected in plasma with a respective sensitivity and specificity of 83.3% and 70.0% by dPCR and 50.0% and 70.0% by NGS relative to analysis of corresponding tumor samples. Quantitation of T790M based on the ratio of the number of T790M alleles to that of activating mutation alleles (T/A ratio) improved the specificity of plasma analysis to 100% for both dPCR and NGS without a reduction in sensitivity. Although several afatinib resistance mechanisms other than T790M—including copy number gain of NRAS or MET—were identified in tumor samples, the corresponding genetic alterations were not detected in plasma. TP53 mutations were frequently identified in plasma and tumor samples, with most such mutations also having been detected before afatinib treatment. The presence of de novo TP53 mutations was associated with reduced progression‐free survival. Quantitation of T790M in plasma is thus a clinically relevant approach to determine the T790M status of tumors. In addition, genetic alterations coexisting with EGFR mutations can affect the efficacy of EGFR‐TKI treatment.
Dual functions of ARP101 in targeting membrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase: Impact on U87 glioblastoma cell invasion and autophagy signaling
Authors: Desjarlais Michel , Annabi Borhane 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMembrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) possesses both extracellular proteolytic and intracellular signal‐transducing functions in tumorigenesis. An imbalance in MT1‐MMP expression and/or function triggers a metastatic, invasive, and therapy resistance phenotype. MT1‐MMP is involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteolysis, activation of latent MMPs, as well as in autophagy signaling in human hepatoma and glioblastoma cells. A low autophagy index in tumorigenesis has been inferred by recent studies where autophagic capacity was decreased during tumor progression. Here, we establish ARP101 as a dual‐function small‐molecule inhibitor against MT1‐MMP ECM hydrolysis and autophagy signal‐transducing functions in a model of grade IV glioblastoma cells. ARP101 inhibited concanavalin‐A‐mediated proMMP‐2 activation into MMP‐2, as well as MT1‐MMP auto‐proteolytic processing. When overexpressing recombinant Wt MT1‐MMP, ARP101 inhibited proMMP‐2 activation and triggered the formation of MT1‐MMP oligomers that required trafficking to the plasma membrane. ARP101 further induced cell autophagy as reflected by increased formation of acidic vacuole organelles, LC3 puncta, and autophagy‐related protein ATG9 transcription. These were all significantly reversed upon siRNA‐mediated gene silencing of MT1‐MMP. ARP101 can thus concomitantly inhibit MT1‐MMP extracellular catalytic function and exploit its intracellular transducing signal function to trigger autophagy‐mediated cell death in U87 glioblastoma cancer cells.
Early Crying, Sleeping, and Feeding Problems and Trajectories of Attention Problems From Childhood to Adulthood
Authors: Bilgin Ayten , Baumann Nicole , Jaekel Julia , Breeman Linda D. , Bartmann Peter , Bäuml Josef G. , Avram Mihai , Sorg Christian , Wolke Dieter 
Published: October 2018

This study investigated if crying, sleeping or feeding problems that co‐occur (multiple regulatory problems [RPs]) or are persistent predict attention problems and diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood and adulthood. Participants were 342 individuals who were assessed at 5, 20, and 56 months for crying, sleeping, and feeding (RPs) and at 6, 8, and 28 years for ADHD diagnoses, attention problems, and attention span. Infants/toddlers with multiple/persistent RPs had an increased risk of receiving an ADHD diagnosis both in childhood and adulthood compared to those who never had RPs. Multiple/persistent RPs were further associated with a high‐decreasing attention problems trajectory from childhood to adulthood. Interventions to alleviate early RPs may prevent the development of attention problems.
Orthographic‐Phonological Mapping and the Emergence of Visual Expertise for Print: A Developmental Event‐Related Potential Study
Authors: Varga Vera , Tóth Dénes , Csépe Valéria 
Published: October 2018

The N1 effect is an electrophysiological marker of visual specialization for print. The phonological mapping hypothesis (Maurer & McCandliss, 2007) posits that the left‐lateralized effect reflects grapheme‐phoneme integration. In this event‐related potential study, first (age = 7.06 years, N = 32) and third‐grade readers (age = 9.29 years, N = 28) were presented with pairs of pseudowords and Armenian character strings in a novel implicit same‐different paradigm. To test the phonological mapping hypothesis, stimuli were presented in visual‐only and audiovisual conditions. The results demonstrated that tuning for print already emerges in first grade. Moreover, the parallel presentation of auditory stimuli enhanced the N1 effect suggesting a role of orthographic‐phonological mapping in the development of specialization for print.
Discrimination and Ethnic‐Racial Socialization Among Youth Adopted From South Korea Into White American Families
Authors: Schires Samantha M. , Buchanan NiCole T. , Lee Richard M. , McGue Matt , Iacono William G. , Burt S. Alexandra 
Published: October 2018

The current study examined how discrimination relates to adjustment outcomes in a sample of internationally, transracially adopted Korean Americans from the Minnesota Sibling Interaction and Behavior Study (N = 456 adoptees; Mage at T1 = 14.9, Mage at T2 = 18.3, Mage at T3 = 22.3). The moderating roles of ethnic socialization and preparation for bias by parents (i.e., ethnic‐racial socialization) were also examined. Results indicated that discrimination predicted higher levels of depressive and externalizing symptoms in youth who reported less preparation for bias. In those experiencing more preparation for bias, associations were not significantly different from zero. Ethnic socialization did not moderate these associations. Such findings provide important information for adoptive parents regarding how to prepare their children to cope with discrimination.
Food‐induced fatal anaphylaxis: From epidemiological data to general prevention strategies
Authors: Pouessel Guillaume , Turner Paul J. , Worm Margitta , Cardona Victòria , Deschildre Antoine , Beaudouin Etienne , Renaudin Jean‐Marie , Demoly Pascal , Tanno Luciana K. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundAnaphylaxis hospitalizations are increasing in many countries, in particular for medication and food triggers in young children. Food‐related anaphylaxis remains an uncommon cause of death, but a significant proportion of these are preventable.AimTo review published epidemiological data relating to food‐induced anaphylaxis and potential risk factors of fatal and/or near‐fatal anaphylaxis cases, in order to provide strategies to reduce the risk of severe adverse outcomes in food anaphylaxis.MethodsWe identified 32 published studies available in MEDLINE (1966‐2017), EMBASE (1980‐2017), CINAHL (1982‐2017), using known terms and synonyms suggested by librarians and allergy specialists.ResultsYoung adults with a history of asthma, previously known food allergy particularly to peanut/tree nuts are at higher risk of fatal anaphylaxis reactions. In some countries, cow's milk and seafood/fish are also becoming common triggers of fatal reactions. Delayed adrenaline injection is associated with fatal outcomes, but timely adrenaline alone may be insufficient. There is still a lack of evidence regarding the real impact of these risk factors and co‐factors (medications and/or alcohol consumption, physical activities, and mast cell disorders).ConclusionsGeneral strategies should include optimization of the classification and coding for anaphylaxis (new ICD 11 anaphylaxis codes), dissemination of international recommendations on the treatment of anaphylaxis, improvement of the prevention in food and catering areas, and dissemination of specific policies for allergic children in schools. Implementation of these strategies will involve national and international support for ongoing local efforts in relationship with networks of centres of excellence to provide personalized management (which might include immunotherapy) for the most at‐risk patients.