bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gas Flow Rates on Quality of Aerosol Jet Printed Traces With Nanoparticle Conducting Ink
Authors: Dalal Neil , Gu Yuan , Chen Guang , Hines Daniel R. , Dasgupta Abhijit , Das Siddhartha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on the influence of carrier gas flow rate (CGFR) and sheath gas flow rate (SGFR) on the quality of conductive traces printed with nanoparticle inks using aerosol jet printing (AJP). This investigation was motivated by previous results of two AJP specimens that were printed at different gas flow rates and yielded significantly different thermal cycling durability lifetimes. A parametric sensitivity study was executed by printing and examining serpentine trace structures at 15 different combinations of CGFRs and SGFRs. The analysis included quantifying the trace's macroscale geometry, electrical properties, and micromorphological features. Interesting macroscale results include an increase in effective conductivity with increasing CGFR. At the microscale, image processing of high magnification scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the printed traces revealed that agglomerations of silver clusters on the surface of traces became coarser at higher CGFR and also that agglomerates in the bulk were finer than those on the surface. Crystalline silver deposits were observed at all flow rates. In addition, cross sectioning of the printed traces showed higher incidences of buried cohesive cracking at higher gas flow rates. These cohesive cracks reduce the robustness of the traces but may not always be visible from the surface. The degree of cohesive cracking was seen to be broadly correlated with the coarseness of the surface agglomerates, thus suggesting that the coarseness of surface agglomerates may provide a visible surrogate measure of the print quality. The results of this study suggest that print quality may degrade as gas flow rates increase.
Exploring the Use of E-Portfolios in Higher Education Coaching Programs
Authors: Dray Katie , Howells Kristy 
Published: September 2019

The contribution of higher education to the development of the coaching workforce worldwide has been most recently emphasised by the development of the ICCE’s Coaching Degree Standards (2016). These standards recognise the increasing value of learning technologies, suggesting that the use of technology in such coaching programs should aim to a) “enhance the learning experience of the student-coach” and b) “gain relevant theoretical and practical knowledge to make the most of technology whilst coaching” (p. 23). This article presents one coach developer’s experience of using e-portfolios with undergraduate students on a BSc. Sport Coaching Science undergraduate program that represents an effort to address both of these aims simultaneously. Drawing from a broader field of education research and through the provision of examples, it is suggested that e-portfolios might afford the coach learner a number of benefits including their accessibility, the role they play in developing meta-cognition, and their ability to provide a space that can bring together the different communities that influence the learner. Lastly, the benefits and challenges are presented through the eyes of the academic tutor and the relevance for coach education contexts outside of HE are discussed.
Beyond Knowledge Transfer: The Role of Coach Developers as Motivators for Lifelong Learning
Authors: Dohme Lea-Cathrin , Rankin-Wright Alexandra J. , Lara-Bercial Sergio 
Published: September 2019

Research investigating coach education and development has grown significantly over the past three decades. Most of these efforts have focused on establishing how coaches learn; yet the actual impact of specific coach education and development interventions has received considerably less attention. Moreover, the role of coach developers in facilitating this impact remains largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, this study used a realist evaluation approach to engage in a detailed exploration of a large-scale, multi-annual coach education and development intervention with high school coaches in the Philippines. Using interviews and focus groups at two different time points with multiple stakeholders, this study established a series of context, mechanism and outcome configurations that provide a nuanced perspective on how coach education and development works. More specifically, this paper offers a novel interpretation of the role of coach developers as ‘motivators for lifelong learning’ established through three key mechanisms: 1) being available, approachable, and supportive; 2) creating a sense of belonging; and 3) raising coaches’ aspirations by increasing their sense of purpose and duty. Practical guidelines for the education of coach developers, as well as future coach education and development programmes are provided.
Rapid cycle deliberate practice improves and sustains paediatric resident PALS performance
Authors: Swinger Nathan D , Rutledge Chrystal , Gaither Stacy , Youngblood Amber Q , Zinkan Jerri Lynn , Tofil Nancy M 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesPaediatric cardiopulmonary arrest resuscitation is a critically important skill but infrequently used in clinical practice. Therefore, resuscitation knowledge relies heavily on formal training which is vulnerable to rapid knowledge decay. We evaluate knowledge and skill retention post-training using rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP).DesignPilot, non-blinded, single-arm study.SettingPediatric Simulation Center at Children’s of Alabama.Participants42 paediatric residents at a large, tertiary care, academic children’s hospital were enrolled in this simulation-based resuscitation study.InterventionsEach participant led a 7 min preintervention arrest scenario as a baseline test. After testing, participants were trained individually in the paediatric advanced life support (PALS) skills necessary for resuscitation of a patient in pulseless electrical activity and ventricular fibrillation using RCDP—a simulation method using frequent expert feedback and repeated opportunities for the learner to incorporate new learning. Immediately post-training, participants were retested as leaders of a different paediatric arrest scenario. 3 months post-training participants returned to complete a final simulation scenario.Main outcome measuresTo evaluate knowledge and skill retention following PALS training.ResultsPreintervention data demonstrated poor baseline resident performance with an average PALS score of 52%. Performance improved to 94% immediately post-training and this improvement largely persisted at 3 months, with an average performance of 81%. In addition to improvements in performance, individual skills improved including communication, recognition of rhythms, early chest compressions and rapid administration of epinephrine or defibrillation.ConclusionsRCDP training was associated with significant improvements in resident performance during simulated paediatric resuscitation and high retention of those improvements.
Left ventricular global strains by linear measurements in three dimensions: interrelations and relations to age, gender and body size in the HUNT Study
Authors: Støylen Asbjørn , Mølmen Harald Edvard , Dalen Håvard 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundStrain is a relative deformation and has three dimensions, in the left ventricle (LV) usually longitudinal (εL), transmural (εT) and circumferential (εC) strain. All three components can be measured generically by the basic systolic and diastolic dimension measures of LV wall length, wall thickness and diameter. In this observational study we aimed to study the relations of normal generic strains to age, body size and gender, as well as the interrelations between the three strain components.MethodsGeneric strains derived from dimension measures by longitudinal and cross-sectional M-mode in all three dimensions were measured in 1266 individuals without heart disease from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study.ResultsThe mean εLwas −16.3%, εCwas −22.7% and εTwas 56.5%. Normal values by age and gender are provided. There was a gradient of εCfrom the endocardial, via the midwall to the external level, lowest at the external. All strains decreased in absolute values by increasing body surface area (BSA) and age, relations were strongest for εL. Gender differences were mainly a function of BSA differences. The three strain components were strongly interrelated through myocardial incompressibility.ConclusionsGlobal systolic strain is the total deformation of the myocardium; the three strain components are the spatial coordinates of this deformation, irrespective of the technology used for measurement. Normal values are method-dependent and not normative across methods. Interrelation of strains indicates a high degree of myocardial incompressibility and that longitudinal strain carries most of the total information.
Synthesis of Mo-doped ultrathin BiVO4 nanosheets with efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity
Authors: Lu Mengfei , Li Qiaoqiao , Zhang Chengliang , Fan Xiaoxing , Shi Haifeng 
Published: September 2019

In this study, a series of molybdenum-doped ultrathin BiVO4 nanosheets (Mo-BVO) were successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The results indicated that Mo-BVO nanosheets exhibited high photocatalytic efficiency of methyl blue (MB) degradation under visible-light irradiation. Particularly, 1% Mo-BVO exhibited an optimum photo-degradation rate of more than 97% within 60 min under visible-light illumination, which was approximately 3.8 times greater than that of pure BVO. The experimental characterizations and DFT calculations manifested that the ultrathin BVO nanosheets and Mo doping were beneficial to provide abundant active sites, suppress the photoinduced charge recombination and extend the absorption visible-light range, thus enhancing the photocatalytic performance toward MB degradation. Additionally, the photocatalytic reaction mechanism was proposed based on the reactive species trapping experiments. This study was expected to design a highly active photocatalyst for pollution decomposition by modulating the photocatalytic properties and electronic band structure.
Electronic and optical properties of HoNi5 and HoNi4Si: An LSDA + U study
Authors: Maurya Dinesh Kumar , Saini Sapan Mohan 
Published: September 2019

We investigated the effect of Si substitution on structural, electronic and optical properties of [Formula: see text]-type [Formula: see text] alloys. The optimized lattice constants and internal cell parameters are in agreement with the available data. We found that the valence band is mainly dominated by Ni-3d states in the energy range 0–4 eV below the [Formula: see text], whereas conduction band is contributed by spin-down Ho-[Formula: see text] states and lies about 2 eV above the [Formula: see text]. Substitution of Si atoms for Ni decreases the total magnetic moment from 6.308 [Formula: see text]/f.u. [Formula: see text] to 4.052 [Formula: see text]/f.u. [Formula: see text], whereas magnetic moments on [Formula: see text]-ions increase from 3.92 [Formula: see text]/atom [Formula: see text] to 4 [Formula: see text]/atom [Formula: see text]. On the other hand, induced moment on Ni[Formula: see text]-ions decrease rapidly to a negligibly small value. By the use of charge density estimates, we found that Ho-5d, Ni-3d and Si-3p orbitals are mainly involved in bonding and there is a weak hybridization between Ni-3d and Si-3p orbitals which varies with substitution of Si for Ni. Furthermore, the complex role played by Ho-[Formula: see text] electrons is also investigated, they are found to be partly involved in metallic bondings as well as in the intra-atomic charge transfer from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] states in [Formula: see text]-ions. The calculated interband optical conductivity spectra reproduce the main features of experimental spectra well and also reveal their metallic nature.
First-principles study of structural, electronic, elastic, thermodynamic and optical properties of LuPdBi half-Heusler compound
Authors: Majumder Rinku , Hossain Md. Moazzem , Shen Dipali 
Published: September 2019

In this study, the elastic, mechanical and optical properties of LuPdBi half-Heusler have been reported for the first time using DFT-based first principle calculations with CASTEP code. We have restudied structural and electronic disposition of LuPdBi to compare with previously existing literatures. Elastic and mechanical properties of LuPdBi have been compared with another half-Heusler compound LaPdBi due to the unavailability of resources for LuPdBi. All the comparisons exhibit a good agreement with the results evaluated from our present study. Our reported elastic constants reveal the mechanical stability of LuPdBi under the normal temperature and pressure. In the present investigation, we have noticed relatively higher values of dielectric constant throughout the low-energy region and vice versa. This nature of dielectric constant is very important for microelectronic device applications. Apart from this, LuPdBi possesses good quality of optical absorption throughout the visible region, which is an important parameter for optoelectronic devices.
A call to adopt a “fit for purpose” approach to antibody validation for flow cytometry analyses of stem cell models and beyond
Authors: Waas Matthew , Gundry Rebekah L. 
Published: September 2019

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) can be exploited as models for a wide range of research applications and numerous protocols for generating hPSC-CMs have been described. However, it is currently not possible to direct differentiation to a single, homogeneous end point, and the resulting heterogeneity may be variable among laboratories, cell lines, and protocols. Consequently, the ability to assess phenotypic heterogeneity of the cell population is critical to the interpretation, repeatability, and reproduction of hPSC-CM studies. While flow cytometry is well suited for this purpose, a review of published literature reveals there is currently no consensus regarding which marker, antibody, or protocol is best suited to enable comparisons of hPSC-CM culture heterogeneity. Moreover, the lack of available experimental detail, combined with the variability in the approaches used for hPSC-CM evaluation, makes it challenging to reproduce, interpret, and compare published data. Consequently, this article calls for an alignment of the way researchers approach the routine use and documentation of the antibodies and controls used during flow cytometry-based assessment of hPSC-CM cultures. We advocate for the adoption of a “fit for purpose” validation mindset, whereby antibodies and experimental conditions are demonstrated as specific within a defined experimental design and biological context. Overall, we expect that by adhering to rigorous standards for antibody validation and use, reporting of experimental details, and presentation of data, the concepts emphasized here will promote enhanced utility and dialogue regarding hPSC-CM for a variety of research and translational applications by enabling more accurate comparisons of results among studies. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/fit-for-purpose-approach-to-antibody-validation/ .
Siponimod (BAF-312) Attenuates Perihemorrhagic Edema And Improves Survival in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Bobinger Tobias , Manaenko Anatol , Burkardt Petra , Beuscher Vanessa , Sprügel Maximilian I. , Roeder Sebastian S. , Bäuerle Tobias , Seyler Lisa , Nagel Armin M. , Linker Ralf A. , Engelhorn Tobias , Dörfler Arnd , Horsten S.v. , Schwab Stefan , Huttner Hagen B. 
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose—
Perihemorrhagic edema (PHE) is associated with poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Infiltration of immune cells is considered a major contributor of PHE. Recent studies suggest that immunomodulation via S1PR (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor) modulators improve outcome in ICH. Siponimod, a selective modulator of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors type 1 and type 5, demonstrated an excellent safety profile in a large study of patients with multiple sclerosis. Here, we investigated the impact of siponimod treatment on perihemorrhagic edema, neurological deficits, and survival in a mouse model of ICH.

Methods—
ICH was induced by intracranial injection of 0.075 U of bacterial collagenase in 123 mice. Mice were randomly assigned to different treatment groups: vehicle, siponimod given as a single dosage 30 minutes after the operation or given 3× for 3 consecutive days starting 30 minutes after operation. The primary outcome of our study was evolution of PHE measured by magnetic resonance-imaging on T2-maps 72 hours after ICH, secondary outcomes included evolution of PHE 24 hours after ICH, survival and neurological deficits, as well as effects on circulating blood cells and body weight.

Results—

Siponimod significantly reduced PHE measured by magnetic resonance imaging (
P
=0.021) as well as wet-dry method (
P
=0.04) 72 hours after ICH. Evaluation of PHE 24 hours after ICH showed a tendency toward attenuated brain edema in the low-dosage group (
P
=0.08). Multiple treatments with siponimod significantly improved neurological deficits measured by Garcia Score (
P
=0.03). Survival at day 10 was improved in mice treated with multiple dosages of siponimod (
P
=0.037). Mice treated with siponimod showed a reduced weight loss after ICH (
P
=0.036).

Conclusions—
Siponimod (BAF-312) attenuated PHE after ICH, increased survival, and reduced ICH-induced sensorimotor deficits in our experimental ICH-model. Findings encourage further investigation of inflammatory modulators as well as the translation of BAF-312 to a human study of ICH patients.
Predictability Changes What We Remember in Familiar Temporal Contexts
Authors: Kim Hyojeong , Schlichting Margaret L. , Preston Alison R. , Lewis-Peacock Jarrod A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The human brain constantly anticipates the future based on memories of the past. Encountering a familiar situation reactivates memory of previous encounters, which can trigger a prediction of what comes next to facilitate responsiveness. However, a prediction error can lead to pruning of the offending memory, a process that weakens its representation in the brain and leads to forgetting. Our goal in this study was to evaluate whether memories are spared from such pruning in situations that allow for accurate predictions at the categorical level, despite prediction errors at the item level. Participants viewed a sequence of objects, some of which reappeared multiple times (“cues”), followed always by novel items. Half of the cues were followed by new items from different (unpredictable) categories, while others were followed by new items from a single (predictable) category. Pattern classification of fMRI data was used to identify category-specific predictions after each cue. Pruning was observed only in unpredictable contexts, while encoding of new items was less robust in predictable contexts. These findings demonstrate that how associative memories are updated is influenced by the reliability of abstract-level predictions in familiar contexts.
Electrophysiological Correlates of Racial In-group Bias in Observing Nonverbal Social Encounters
Authors: Katsumi Yuta , Dolcos Florin , Moore Matthew , Bartholow Bruce D. , Fabiani Monica , Dolcos Sanda 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Despite evidence identifying the role of group membership in social cognition, the neural mechanisms associated with the perception and evaluation of nonverbal behaviors displayed by in-group versus out-group members remain unclear. Here, 42 white participants underwent electroencephalographic recording while observing social encounters involving dynamic displays of nonverbal behaviors by racial in-group and out-group avatar characters. Dynamic behaviors included approach and avoidance poses and expressions, followed by the participants' ratings of the avatars displaying them. Behaviorally, participants showed longer RTs when evaluating in-group approach behavior compared with other behaviors, possibly suggesting increased interest and attention devoted to processing positive social encounters with their in-group members. Analyses of ERPs revealed differential sensitivity of the N450 and late positivity components to social cues, with the former showing initial sensitivity to the presence of a humanoid avatar character at the beginning of social encounters and the latter showing sensitivity to dynamic nonverbal behaviors displayed by the avatars. Moreover, time–frequency analysis of electroencephalography data also identified suppression of beta-range power linked to the observation of dynamic nonverbal behaviors. Notably, the magnitude of these responses was modulated by the degree of behavioral racial in-group bias. This suggests that differential neural sensitivity to nonverbal cues while observing social encounters is associated with subsequent in-group bias manifested in the evaluation of such encounters. Collectively, these findings shed light on the mechanisms of racial in-group bias in social cognition and have implications for understanding factors related to successful interactions with individuals from diverse racial backgrounds.
Application of the Compressible, Nonhydrostatic, Balanced Omega Equation in Estimating Diabatic Forcing for Parameterization of Inertia–Gravity Waves: Case Study of Moist Baroclinic Waves Using WRF
Authors: Haghighatnasab Mahnoosh , Mirzaei Mohammad , Mohebalhojeh Ali R. , Zülicke Christoph , Plougonven Riwal 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe parameterization of inertia–gravity waves (IGWs) is of considerable importance in general circulation models. Among the challenging issues faced in studies concerned with parameterization of IGWs is the estimation of diabatic forcing in a way independent of the physics parameterization schemes, in particular, convection. The requirement is to estimate the diabatic heating associated with balanced motion. This can be done by comparing estimates of balanced vertical motion with and without diabatic effects. The omega equation provides the natural method of estimating balanced vertical motion without diabatic effects, and several methods for including diabatic effects are compared. To this end, the assumption of spatial-scale separation between IGWs and balanced flows is combined with a suitable form of the balanced omega equation. To test the methods constructed for estimating diabatic heating, an idealized numerical simulation of the moist baroclinic waves is performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model in a channel on thefplane. In overall agreement with the diabatic heating of the WRF Model, in the omega-equation-based estimates, the maxima of heating appear in the warm sector of the baroclinic wave and in the exit region of the upper-level jet. The omega-equation-based method with spatial smoothing for estimating balanced vertical motion is thus presented as the proper way to evaluate diabatic forcing for parameterization of IGWs.