bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards modernist collecting: some European practices of the long term
Authors: Pearce Susan 
Published: August 2018

The beginning of modernist collecting, and, of the particular kinds of knowledge and experience which it embodies are usually considered to begin within the fifteenth century, where interests concentrates on the accumulations of the Medici, and upon the cabinets of curiosities, which begin to appear, as the century draws to a close. However; this early modern collecting practice did not crystalize out of nothing. The standard procedures of historical investigation can suggest some obvious predecessors: the collections of relics and treasures acquired by the great medieval churches and princes; the collections of Greek art acquired by first century and later Romans; and the material held in Greek temples, described for us by Pausanius. But underlying all this collecting activity it is perhaps possible to discern some characteristics of the European tradition which inform collecting, and make it likely that modernist collecting, when it finally comes into being with the rest of modernist practice, will take the shape and significance which it has done.
Gränsen som museal struktur
Authors: Lönnqvist Bo 
Published: August 2018

The Borderline as a Museological Stucture Bo Lönnqvist discusses the cultural borderlines which are applied in museum classifications and presentations. Museums tend to establish and confirm a world order through the distinctions they make in ordering the collected objects and arranging them in specific buildings, rooms and showcases. Thus the structuring can be regarded as a mirror of human intentions and thinking. The paper elucidates some of the cultural symmetries created by the museum.
Museerne og verdensordenen. Kunstkammerets opståen og grundidé
Authors: Bencard Mogens 
Published: August 2018

The Museums and the Order of the Universe It is the aim of this paper to underline the similarities between modern museums and the comprehensive 'Kunstkammers' of former days. There is a tendency to overlook the rationale behind the 'Kunstkammers' and to consider them merely as haphazard collections of curiosities.
Christian Jürgensen Thomsens museum – en guldaldervision
Authors: Jensen Jørgen 
Published: August 2018

Christian fiirgensen Thomsen's Museum - a Vision of the Golden Age The foundation of the National Museum in Copenhagen in 1807 was a late result of the Danish cultural policy at the end of the Enlightenment period. The inspiration came from France, primarily from Alexandre Lenoir's Musee des Monuments Français established in 1793 and from the Musee Napoleon opened in 1804 in the Louvre, both of them didactically arranged art collections open to the public.
Museumsdidaktikk som kunnskapsfremstillerens dilemma
Authors: Ekeland Torun 
Published: August 2018

The Didactics of Museums as a Dilemma of the Accounters of KnowledgeThis article focuses on the didactics of museums by comparing the representation of pre-history in school textbooks and museum texts respectively: the arrangements of artifacts and the written texts. A major change occurred at the beginning of the 20th century, along with the emergence of the modern project, when the focus of both expressions was directed towards the users, the students and the museum public. In the modern period, historical memory was connected to a specific didactics which later underwent a process of transformation. This transformation first became evident in school text-books.
Local identity in the process of globalisation. The ecomuseum questioned
Authors: Bellaigue Mathilde 
Published: August 2018

Ten years' (1976-1986) experience of working in what was, during the seventies and first half of the eighties, the most famous and forward-looking of the then existing eco-museums, the Ecomuseum of Le Creusot-Montceau-les-Mines, its transformation into a traditional museum of technique in 1986, the very similar fate of the Ecomuseum of Haute-Beauce in Quebec (1996), raises the need to reconsider the phenomenon of the ecomuseum both in the current culturalpolicies of western countries and in the globalisation process.Many people today ask: do you still believe in ecomuseums? Is there a future for them?
Presenting "The Other" – Dilemmas for ethnographic museum
Authors: Wagner Ulla 
Published: August 2018

Discussing something within the academic world and addressing a lay audience (the general public visiting museums) are different things. In the formor knowledge and being 'aux fait' with the ongoing theoretical debate can be taken for granted. In the latter, nothing can be taken as given. Focusing on exhibitions as a medium for conveying insights into other ways of ordering life, the inherent possibilities and restraints are discussed, as is the problem of 'voice', i.e. who speaks for whom. Finally a case is made for an inclusive 'we' rather than the divisive 'us' and 'them '.
What I think of as my heritage
Authors: Hudson Kenneth 
Published: August 2018

A few years ago I was in Richmond, Virginia, and while I was there I paid a visit to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. One department contained a collection of paintings devoted to sporting subjects. This had been given to the Museum by a rich man who had brought it together over a period ofmore than 30 years. The pictures were mainly from the 18th and 19th centuries and a high proportion of the artists were British. There was a particularly fine series of works by George Stubbs.As soon as I realised what I was looking at, I began to boil with rage, although I managed to conceal this from my very kind host. What so incensed me was the fact that pictures which I regarded as part of my heritage had been bought by an American and transported bound and helpless across the Atlantic to a place which did not deserve to have them, a museum where they did not belong. My reaction was purely emotional and instinctive. Stubbs was there and I felt that he had been stolen from me.
Notiser
Authors: Enerstvedt Åse , Rönnholm Bror , Lindberg Anna Lena , Ågren Per-Uno , Hallström Ann 
Published: August 2018

Vandreutstilling 1998. Samarbeid mellom Statens historiska museum i Stockholm og Arkeologisk museum i StavangerSolveig Sjoberg-Pietarinen: Kvinna i museivarlden. En studie i Irja Sahlbergs museisynCarol Duncan: Civilizing Rituals Inside Public Art MuseumsReesa Greenberg, Bruce W. Ferguson, Sandy Nairne (red): Thinking About ExhibitionsTomislav Sola: Essays on museums and their theory. Towards the cybernetic museumMuseologi. Nord Nytt Nr 68 Torkil Funder: Museum. Essays om rejser, samlinger, udstillinger 1971-1996Tim Caulton: Hands-on Exhibitions. Managing Interactive Museums and Science CentresMonika Akerlund, Sylvia Flato & Anna Hellekant, Från silverfisk till halsorisk. Skadedjur och atgarder i samlingar
Halal-dating som ungdomskultur. Forhandlinger om ekteskaps- og samlivspraksiser blant norsk ungdom med muslimsk bakgrunn
Authors: Bøe Marianne 
Published: August 2018

Ingress Ekteskapet er et sentralt diskusjonstema innenfor islam, og blir også diskutert blant norske ungdommer med muslimsk bakgrunn. Enkelte velger å inngå utenomrettslige religiøse ekteskap for å kunne være sammen på en “halal måte”, mens andre er i kjæresteforhold hvor de selv bestemmer klare grenser for hva som er tillatt og ikke. Denne artikkelen bygger på intervjuer og samtaler med et utvalg ungdom med muslimsk bakgrunn bosatt i Bergens- og Stavangerområdet, og gir innblikk i hvordan disse ungdommene forhandler om religiøs identitet, intimitet og seksualitet som del av en norsk ungdomskultur. AbstractMarriage represents a fundamental topic of debate in Islam, and is also discussed among Norwegian youth of Muslim background. Some of them choose to engage in extrajudicial religious marriages as a “halal way” of being together, while others are in love relationships where they define for themselves the boundaries of what is allowed and not. This article builds on interviews and conversations with youth of Muslim background residing on the south west coast of Norway, and offers a glimpse into how these young people negotiate with regard to religious identity, intimacy and sexuality as part of a Norwegian youth culture.Nøkkelord: Norsk ungdomskultur; Islam; Utenomrettslige religiøse ekteskap; Halal-dating; Religiøs identitet; Intimitet; Seksualitet. Keywords: Norwegian youth culture; Islam; Extrajudicial religious marriages; Halal dating; Religious identity; Intimacy; Sexuality.
Barnesentrert pedagogikk i barnehagen
Authors: Håberg Liv Ingrid Aske 
Published: August 2018

Artikkelen undersøker kva som kjenneteiknar barnesentrert pedagogikk i barnehage og samfunn, og kva konsekvensar ei slik pedagogisk retning kan ha for barn i vår tid som ofte blir omtala som den postmoderne tidsalderen. Barnesentrert pedagogikk blir for det første omhandla ved å bli definert teoretisk, knytt til danningsteoriar og den didaktiske trekanten. For det andre blir det vist til historiske trekk ved samfunn og kultur som kan ha støtta opp under utvikling av denne typen pedagogikk i barnehagen. For det tredje presenterer artikkelen nyare empirisk forsking som problematiserer om pedagogiske retningar førekjem i reindyrka form eller som hybridar. Til saman legg dette grunnlag for drøfting av om barnesentrert pedagogikk både underbygger narsissistiske tendensar og gir barn eit for stort ansvar for eiga utvikling og læring.Nøkkelord: danning, narsissisme, sjølvverksemd, hybrid pedagogikk, didaktikk, barnehageAbstract: The article looks into the concept of child-centered pedagogy in kindergarten and society and what consequences these pedagogical directions might have for children in our time. Child-centered pedagogy will firstly be theoretically defined through educational theories and the didactic triangle, secondly, through historical aspects of society and culture that might have helped the development of this type of pedagogy in kindergarten. Thirdly, the article presents recent empirical research questioning whether pedagogical directions appear in pure form or as hybrids. Together, this creates a foundation for a discussion of whether child-centered pedagogy both substantiates narcissistic tendencies and gives children too much responsibility for their own development and learning.Key words: education (Bildung), narcissism, self-activity, hybrid pedagogy, didactic, kindergarten
Passive Optical Networks: Introduction
Authors: Altabas Jose A. , Sarmiento Samael , Lazaro Jose A. 
Published: August 2018

Passive optical networks (PONs) are telecommunication networks that provide services to users by no active elements. Only passive elements are used in the network to transmit the information and signals between users as well as between users and the companies operating the telecommunication networks.PONhave evolved from their infancy as fine and economical ideas, toward a long‐term, reliable, and cost‐effective technical solutions for providing access to most users to high‐speed Internet by Fiber‐to‐the‐Home (and similar) solutions.PONare still evolving, providing the base of multiple standardized networks and in combination with different technologies are growing into metropolitan networks and extensions of mobile communications.Herein, we overview the state of the art of passive optical networks as well as their basic concepts. This work is divided into four sections: In Section 1, we give a summary of the main concepts of passive optical networks. Sections 2 and 3 introduce the most important features ofITU‐TRecommendations andIEEEStandards for passive access networks, respectively. Finally, Section 4 concludes the article with an overview on the future trends ofPONsfor access networks.
Composition and Functional Properties of Saline‐Soluble Protein Concentrates Prepared from Four Common Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Hojilla‐Evangelista Mila P. , Sutivisedsak Nongnuch , Evangelista Roque L. , Cheng Huai N. , Biswas Atanu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChemical and functional properties of proteins from four common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; black [BL], dark red kidney [DRK], Great Northern [GN], and pinto [PT]) were determined to identify possible value‐added uses. Proteins were extracted with 0.5 M NaCl at 45°C and analyzed for proximate and amino‐acid compositions, molecular weights, and functional properties (solubility, foaming, emulsification, and water‐holding capacity (WHC)). The lowest protein recovery was for BL bean (65%) and the highest for PT beans (77%). Protein extracts had 79–82% (dry basis [db]) crude protein. Ground beans (meals) and protein products had near‐identical SDS‐PAGE patterns of 10–12 polypeptide bands (MW = 6.5–107 kDa). Amino‐acid profiles were also similar, with notable amounts of nutritionally essential amino acids. All bean‐protein samples were least soluble (10–28% soluble proteins) at pH near 4.5 and highly soluble (50–94% soluble proteins) at pH 2, 7, and 10. Bean proteins exhibited excellent foaming capacities (>110 mL) and stabilities (>90% remaining foam after 15 min) regardless of pH. All bean‐protein products had the highest emulsifying activity and stability indices at pH 10 (>350 m2 g−1 protein and 44–142 min, respectively). WHC of proteins in bean meals were about two times higher than their protein extracts (2.3–3.4 and 0.9–2.0 g water per gram protein, respectively). GN, BL, PT, and DRK bean proteins have desirable properties that may find practical uses in health foods, acidic beverages, pressurized foamed products, and emulsions.
The Effect of Static Magnetic Field on the Channel Formation during Directional Solidification of Aqueous Ammonium Chloride Solution
Authors: Ding Biao , Zhou Tao , Ren Weili , Zhong Yunbo , Yu Jianbo , Ren Zhongming , Li Fei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of magnetic field on the channel formation by using a 27 wt.% aqueous ammonium chloride solution at an initial base temperature of 246 K (−27 °C) under magnetic fields of 0.03T, 0.05T, and 0.1T. The application of a magnetic field suppresses channel formation, as reflected by the delayed occurrence, the decreased number and density of channels, and the increased areas with no channels and mushy‐zone height necessary to form channels. The suppression of channel formation is caused by the magneto‐hydrodynamic (MHD) effect on convection during directional solidification. The higher temperature gradient in the mushy zone under an applied magnetic field further confirms the mechanism. The present investigation would help to provide useful predictions for the influence of magnetic field on channel formation during the directional solidification of alloys.
Calibration‐free quantitative immunoassay by flow cytometry: Theoretical consideration and practical implementation for IgG antibody binding to CD14 receptors on human leukocytes
Authors: Khalo Irina V. , Kozyreva Viktoriya S. , Vakhrushev Roman V. , Patlai Daria S. , Shilova Anna N. , Karpenko Andrei A. , Yurkin Maxim A. , Moskalensky Alexander E. , Strokotov Dmitry I. , Maltsev Valeri P. , Chernyshev Andrei V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe propose a calibration‐free method to determine the number of receptors per cell, as well as the direct and the reverse reaction rate constants for a single receptor. The method is based on the analysis of the temporal evolution of the cells mean fluorescent intensity measured by a flow cytometer during the ligand–receptor (antigen–antibody) binding under the conditions of their comparable concentrations. We developed the kinetic approach accounting both for the delay between the dilution and the measurement and for the practical duration of the measurement itself. The method was applied to determine thenumber of CD14 receptors on human blood mononuclear (granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes) cells of several donors. We also obtained the direct ( (5.6 ± 0.2) × 107 M−1 min−1) and reverse ( (1.3 ± 0.2) × 10−2 min−1) rate constants of ligand–receptor interaction, and estimated the size of the binding site as b = 0.5 nm. The latter allows one to recalculate the rate constants for a different ligand, fluorescent label, medium viscosity, and/or temperature. The knowledge of the rate constants is essential for the calibration‐free determination of the number of receptors per cell from a single kinetic curve of the cells mean fluorescence intensity.
Does the aroma of a patient’s preferred dental topical anaesthetic affect anxiety, fear, and autonomic nervous system activity prior to dental local anaesthesia? A randomized trial
Authors: Tsutsui Yukako , Mizuno Ju , Sunada Katsuhisa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAromas are believed to have powerful effects on emotional states in humans. Treatment with dental local anaesthesia (DLA) is a mentally stressful and fearful experience for many patients. We investigated the effect of using a topical anaesthetic with a patient‐preferred aroma prior to DLA on anxiety, fear, and autonomic nervous system activity (ANSA). Anxiety and fear were assessed in 68 healthy volunteers using both a modified Japanese translation of Spielberger's State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐s) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). ANSA was assessed by heart‐rate variability (HRV) analysis, which yields normalized low‐frequency (%LF) and high‐frequency (%HF) components. These parameters were assessed at baseline and immediately prior to DLA. The volunteers randomly received either a topical anaesthetic without an aroma (non‐aroma group) or one with a patient‐selected aroma (aroma group) prior to DLA. The data were statistically analysed with two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc t‐tests. The STAI‐s scores in the non‐aroma group prior to DLA were significantly higher than the baseline scores. In contrast, the STAI‐s scores in the aroma group prior to DLA were not significantly higher than the baseline scores. On the other hand, the VAS scores in both the non‐aroma group and the aroma group were significantly higher prior to DLA than the baseline scores. Patients do not experience increased anxiety when using dental topical anaesthetic with their preferred aroma prior to DLA.
Polymorphisms in TH1‐TH2 cytokine and receptor genes associated with risk of vertical HIV transmission, in Mumbai, India
Authors: Ahir‐Bist Swati , Chavan Vijay , Samant‐Mavani Padmaja , Nanavati Ruchi , Mehta Preeti , Mania‐Pramanik Jayanti 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundVertical HIV transmission does not occur in all exposed infants. Many infants remain HIV uninfected even after exposure. This is partly attributed to the host genes involving cytokine production, which is rarely documented in vertical transmission.MethodsHere, an observational cohort study evaluated whether polymorphisms in cytokine, receptor and antagonist genes are associated with perinatal HIV transmission. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed via the polymerase chain reaction with sequence‐specific primers method. Haplotype block structure was determined and statistical analysis was performed using appropriate software in each case.ResultsTwenty‐two SNPs were analysed in 30 seropositive and 61 seronegative children. Confounding factors such as mother's viral load, treatment regimen, breast feeding options, etc., were documented. Analysis revealed the association of two SNPs: IL1R1 (rs2234650) and TNFA (rs1800629) with vertical HIV transmission. CT genotype at IL1R1 was observed at a higher frequency in positive children (76.66% versus 42.62%, p = 0.002), whereas the CC genotype was significantly increased in exposed uninfected children (47.54% versus 16.66%, p = 0.004). Similarly, the GG genotype of TNFA was significantly higher in uninfected children compared to infected ones (76.66% versus 46.66%, p = 0.005), whereas the GA genotype frequency was higher among infected children (53.33% versus 21.66%, p = 0.003). The frequency of the ‘G' allele of TNFA and ‘C' allele of IL1R1 was significant (p = 0.018) in negative children. Haplotypes of SNPs belonging to IL1, TNFA and IL4 were also found to associate with transmission.ConclusionsThe present study confirms the association of SNPs IL1R1 (rs2234650) and TNFA (rs1800629) with the risk of vertical transmission. These SNPs can be exploited as possible predictive markers of HIV transmission.
Tabula Rasa for n‐Cz silicon‐based photovoltaics
Authors: LaSalvia Vincenzo , Youssef Amanda , Jensen Mallory A. , Looney Erin E. , Nemeth William , Page Matthew , Nam Wooseok , Buonassisi Tonio , Stradins Paul 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh‐temperature annealing, known as Tabula Rasa (TR), proves to be an effective method for dissolving oxygen precipitate nuclei in n‐Cz silicon and makes this material resistant to temperature‐induced and process‐induced lifetime degradation. Tabula Rasa is especially effective in n‐Cz wafers with oxygen concentration >15 ppma. Vacancies, self‐interstitials, and their aggregates result from TR as a metastable side effect. Temperature‐dependent lifetime spectroscopy reveals that these metastable defects have shallow energy levels ~0.12 eV. Their concentrations strongly depend on the ambient gases during TR because of an offset of the thermal equilibrium between vacancies and self‐interstitials. However, these metastable defects anneal out at typical cell processing temperatures ≥850°C and have little effect on the bulk lifetime of the processed cell structures. Without dissolving built‐in oxygen precipitate nuclei, high‐temperature solar cell processing severely degrades the minority carrier lifetimes to below 0.1 millisecond, while TR‐treated n‐Cz wafers after the cell processing steps exhibit carrier lifetimes above 2.2 milliseconds.
SD meets OR: a new synergy to address policy problems
Authors: Ghaffarzadegan Navid , Larson Richard C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe reflect on our past 7 years of collaboration to develop systems models of U.S. higher education and scientific workforce development. Based on three recent modeling examples, we offer a methodological proposition that many traditional operations research (OR) models can be improved by including feedback processes, as is commonly done in system dynamics (SD) modeling. Such models, even if simple and approximate, can be powerful, insightful, easy to communicate, and effective. While these modeling examples may not follow conventional SD or OR modeling, they benefit from and contribute to both schools of modeling. We argue that to build such synergy modeling teams should be willing to create models building on the strengths of each school of modeling.Copyright © 2018 System Dynamics Society
400 TW operation of Orion at ultra-high contrast
Authors: Parker Stefan , Danson Colin , Egan David , Elsmere Stephen , Girling Mark , Harvey Ewan , Hillier David , Hussey Dianne , Masoero Stephen , McLoughlin James , Penman Rory , Treadwell Paul , Winter David , Hopps Nicholas 
Published: August 2018

The Orion facility at the Atomic Weapons Establishment in the United Kingdom has the capability to operate one of its two 500 J, 500 fs short-pulse petawatt beams at the second harmonic, the principal reason being to increase the temporal contrast of the pulse on target. This is achieved post-compression, using 3 mm thick type-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals. Since the beam diameter of the compressed pulse is ${\sim}600$ mm, it is impractical to achieve this over the full aperture due to the unavailability of the large aperture crystals. Frequency doubling was originally achieved on Orion using a circular sub-aperture of 300 mm diameter. The reduction in aperture limited the output energy to 100 J. The second-harmonic capability has been upgraded by taking two square 300 mm $\times$ 300 mm sub-apertures from the beam and combining them at focus using a single paraboloidal mirror, thus creating a 200 J, 500 fs, i.e., 400 TW facility at the second harmonic.