bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating Patient Perception of Systemic Psoriasis Treatment Risk
Authors: Seger Edward W. , Unrue Emily , Tablazon Ingrid , Cline Abigail , Cardwell Leah A. , Richardson Irma , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Perception of medication risk is often disproportionately greater than actual risk. As a result, patients with psoriasis who would benefit from biologic therapies may be reluctant to start therapy, despite these medications’ favorable safety profile. The purpose of this study is to determine whether perceptions of biologic medications change when reviewing a handout designed to portray risk use alongside common risks unrelated to medication use. Methods: A handout designed to put biologic medication risk into perspective was compared to 2 standard of care handouts on systemic and biologic medication for psoriasis. Twenty adult patients and 17 parents who have a child with moderate to severe psoriasis were randomized to receive each handout and complete a questionnaire related to perceived risk and willingness to use. The questionnaire assessed patient’s likeliness of use, and comfort with use, and perceived risks associated with biologic medications. Statistical analysis was performed using t tests and Fisher exact test. Results: Patients reported a lower perceived risk with biologic medication use when using the newly designed handout (average score of 4.1 of 10 compared to 4.7 and 5.1 with current standard of care). Comfort with taking biologic medications was also higher with this handout compared to a 15-page standard of care handout ( P = .029). Limitations: This study was observational and contained a small sample size. Conclusions: Handouts specifically designed to portray risk of biologic medications for the treatment of psoriasis can reduce perceived risk and increase comfort with use as compared to the current standard of care.
Long-Term Outcomes and Aggressiveness of Hereditary Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: 40 Years of Experience at One Center
Authors: Raue Friedhelm , Bruckner Thomas , Frank-Raue Karin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Context
Recent data on long-term outcomes and aggressiveness of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are lacking for patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2).

Objectives
To analyze the long-term outcomes in MEN2 and compare MTC aggressiveness in three defined RET mutation-risk categories: moderate risk (MOD), high risk (H), and highest risk (HST).

Design, Setting
Retrospective study of 263 operated patients with MEN2 from one German tertiary referral center from 1979 to 2017 comparing demographic, biochemical, genetic, and outcome parameters

Intervention
None (observational study)

Main Outcome Measure
Long-term survival and outcomes in three risk groups

Results
Surgery was performed at a mean age of 35.3 ± 18.8 (MOD, n = 122), 23.0 ± 15.7 years (H, n = 120), and 14.9 ± 9.3 (HST, n = 21) years (P < 0.05). The mean follow-up was 12.9 ± 9.8 years. Age and tumor stage at diagnosis differed among the three risk groups (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis of disease-specific survival (DSS) showed that increasing age [hazard ratio (HR), 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.09], stage III/IV at diagnosis (HR, 7.39; 95% CI, 2.39 to 22.8), and HST group (HR, 14.4; 95% CI, 3.32 to 62.6) were significantly associated with worse DSS; the H group was not (P = 0.175). The DSS rates and outcomes were not different between the MOD and H groups (P = 0.179 and P = 0.893, respectively) but were significantly inferior in the HST group (P < 0.0008 and P < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusion
MTC in patients with MEN2 showed a clearly different age of onset in the different risk groups. DSS and outcomes after MTC diagnosis were similar in the MOD and H groups, suggesting similar tumor behavior. The HST group had inferior outcomes and survival vs the MOD and or H groups.
A “Weapon of the Weak”
Authors: Pascoe Stephen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In April 1931, boycotts of foreign-owned electricity companies were launched across multiple cities of the Arab Levant under French Mandate. This article argues that the boycotts drew on an established local culture of boycotting that was shaped by the social relations formed under the system of “concessionary imperialism.” These “electric boycotts” took on increased potency in the context of the constrained opportunities for anti-imperial protest under the interwar system. They were part of an oft-forgotten history of nonviolent civil disobedience, overshadowed by more violent expressions of opposition to colonial rule. It is argued that the 1931 and 1936 boycotts were novel for the threat of regional conflagration that they posed, as well as the increased “internationalization” in the framing of their meanings. Gandhism, Communism, and later, Fascism, provided competing poles of reference for anti-imperial activists in French Mandate Syria across the decade of the 1930s.
“Shouldn’t You Be Boycotting Coors?”
Authors: Brantley Allyson P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article argues for the comprehensive and serious treatment of movement ephemera as meaning-making and solidarity-building objects. It uses the boycott of Coors beer as an example of successful and persistent consumer activism in the United States in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. It focuses on the crucial roles that ephemeral memorabilia, such as leaflets, bumper stickers, buttons, and T-shirts, played in providing unifying and motivating narratives that transformed the Coors boycott from an instrumental to an expressive and long-lasting effort. These ephemera helped to forge a boycott counterpublic that extended from California to New York by the late 1980s.
Pulsatile Discharge from Polymeric Scaffolds: A Novel Method for Modulated Drug Release
Authors: Campana Patricia T , Marletta Alexandre , Piovesan Erick , Francisco Kelliton J M , Neto Francisco V R , Petrini Leandro , Silva Thiago R , Machado Danilo , Basoli Francesco , Oliveira Osvaldo N , Licoccia Silvia , Traversa Enrico 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Controlled drug release holds promise to revolutionize medicine, particularly if short-term and long-term release can be combined in a single system. We present here a new pulsatile release system, in which the pulses were achieved using 3D scaffolds of poly(l-lactic acid), PLLA. From a morphological characterization of the scaffold’s surfaces, before and after releasing experiments at distinct pHs, we infer that release is governed by electrostatic interactions and the fractal geometry of the scaffolds. Furthermore, the scaffold can present short-term (within hours) or long-term (several days long) releasing profiles by varying the pH, which opens the way for unprecedented drug release control.
Direct Decomposition of N2O over C-Type Cubic Yb2O3-Co3O4 Catalysts
Authors: Cho Chang-Min , Nunotani Naoyoshi , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
(Yb1−xCox)2O3−δ catalysts with cubic (C-type) rare-earth sesquioxide structure were synthesized by a co-precipitation method. The introduction of Co2+/3+ ions into the Yb2O3 lattice resulted in an improved catalytic activity for N2O decomposition, due to the enhanced redox properties and increased amount of active sites. Among the prepared catalysts, (Yb0.90Co0.10)2O3−δ exhibited the highest activity for the decomposition of N2O, which was completely converted to N2 and O2 at 500 °C. Moreover, (Yb0.90Co0.10)2O3−δ also showed high durability in the presence of H2O, O2, or CO2.
Development of a Flow-Injection ESR System for Evaluating the Lipophilic Alkoxyl Radical Eliminating Capacities (L-AREC) of Tocopherol Analogues and Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Sakurai Yasuhiro , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Ando Kai , Kuwabara Keiko , Nakajima Hiroki , Morimoto Chie , Yoshikawa Shinichi , Niwa Masumi , Miyake Yusuke , Kanaori Kenji , Nakajima Akira , Tajima Kunihiko 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A new lipophilic spin-trapping flow-injection electron spin resonance (LFI-ESR) system was developed for quantitative detection of DMPO spin-adduct of alkoxyl radical (RO•), which was produced by thermal decomposition of an azo-initiator (AIBN) in ethyl acetate at 70 °C. The 50% and 75% inhibition dose (ID50 and ID75) of a series of lipophilic antioxidants, such as tocopherol derivatives (αToc, βToc, γToc, δToc, Toc, αTocM, βTocM, γTocM, TocM, TRX, and 7TocM), a lipophilic phenol (BHT), and unsaturated fatty acids (Ole, Lin, and Lic), were determined by monitoring the ESR signal intensity of the DMPO spin-adducts of RO• radical (DMPO/OR). On the basis of the observed ID50 and ID75 values, the lipophilic alkoxyl radical eliminating capacities (L-AREC) of these lipophilic antioxidants were determined using TRX as a standard. The evaluated L-AREC values are directly connected to the second order rate constants for the RO• radical induced hydrogen atom abstractions from the hydroxyl groups of the phenolic antioxidants, as well as from the allylic methylene groups of unsaturated fatty acids. The L-AREC values estimated by LFI-ESR method are concluded to be a practical and reliable indicator that reflect the inhibiting abilities of lipophilic antioxidants towards the radical chain reaction involved in the autoxidation processes of unsaturated fatty acids.
Pyrolytic Production of Fluorescent Pyrone Derivatives Produced in the Confined Space of Super-Microporous Silicas
Authors: Hayashi Kosei , Ogawa Shumpei , Watanabe Hiroto , Fujimaki Yasuto , Oaki Yuya , Imai Hiroaki 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Fluorescent pyrone derivatives were extracted from the pyrolitic product of citric acid confined in supermicroporous silicas (SMPSs). We utilized the tiny spaces of SMPSs to produce fluorescent molecules as small fragments of carbogenic dots. We characterized their optical properties and investigated their structual information. The obtained molecule was determined as a pyrone derivative. The isolated product showed similar optical properties to those of reported carbogenic dots. Therefore, we suggest that the pyrone structure is the key fragment structure of carbogenic dots.
Abortion knowledge and experiences among young women and men in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Reiger Sarah T. , Dako-Gyeke Phyllis , Ngo Thoai D. , Eva Gillian , Gobah Leonard , Blanchard Kelly , Grindlay Kate 
Published: May 2019

Background: Despite the presence of legal abortion services in Ghana, unsafe abortion remains common, particularly among young women. Little is understood about what young people know about safe and legal abortion, and if and how they are utilizing it. Methods: To characterize abortion use and address gaps in safe access, from September-December 2013, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with 100 men and 250 women aged 18-24 in Accra, Ghana. Participants were asked about abortion experiences, including prior services, providers, methods, satisfaction, perceived support, and knowledge of laws. Descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact tests, and chi-square tests were performed. Results: Among surveyed youth, most (87% of women, 64% of men) thought abortion was illegal or did not know the law. In total, 30% of women and 14% of men ever had an abortion and partner who had an abortion, respectively. Among women’s most recent abortions, medication abortion (61%), surgical methods (26%), and unsafe methods categorized “least safe” (14%) were the initial or only methods used. Most women who accessed medication abortion initially or as their only method saw a pharmacist (40%) or no one (33%). Nearly one-quarter of women (n=16, 24%) who initially took tablets used more than one method. Conclusions: Despite experiences with abortion, most young people in this study were unaware of its legality and unsafe abortions occurred. More needs to be done to ensure young people understand the law and have access to safe methods, and that pharmacists are trained to provide appropriate doses and formulations of medication abortion.
Relationship Violence Typologies and Condom Use in Young Adult Dating Relationships
Authors: Manlove Jennifer , Welti Kate , Karpilow Quentin 
Published: May 2019

CONTEXTIntimate partner violence is one dimension of relationships that may influence condom use, yet few studies have examined male‐ and female‐initiated violence in efforts to understand variation in condom use.METHODSPower dynamics and relationship conflict approaches were employed to examine the association between relationship violence and condom use. In a latent class analysis of 8,599 dating relationships from Wave 3 (2001–2002) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, when the respondents were aged 18–25, relationship violence was characterized by the severity and frequency of violence and the perpetrator's gender. Random‐effects logistic regression analyses assessed the association between violence classes and condom use.RESULTSOne in five young adult dating relationships involved violence in the past year. Four violence classes were identified: one male‐dominant class (3% of relationships), in which many relationships had reciprocal violence; two female‐dominant classes, differentiated by the frequency and severity of violence (2% low‐intensity, 4% medium‐intensity); and one class with limited or no violence (91%). Male‐perpetrated violence was reported less frequently but was more severe than female‐perpetrated violence. Respondents in relationships in the male‐dominant/high‐intensity and the female‐dominant/medium‐intensity classes were less likely to report condom use than those in relationships in the no/low‐violence class (odds ratios, 0.4–0.5).CONCLUSIONSThis work expands on research focusing only on male‐perpetrated violence and highlights the importance of capturing relationship violence in national data sets. Future surveys that collect information about violence from both partners can inform efforts to prevent violence and to support victims.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KETEBALAN LEMAK ABDOMINAL DAN KADAR SERUM HIGH SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (HS-CRP) PADA REMAJA
Authors: Nuraini Anis , Murbawani Etisa Adi 
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang: Masalah gizi yang dapat terjadi pada masa remaja yaitu gizi kurang, overweight, dan obesitas. Tebal lemak bawah kulit menunjukkan gambaran deposit lemak subkutan yang dapat memberikan gambaran perkiraan total lemak tubuh. Pengukuran antropometri ini akurat pada anak dan remaja dalam penilaian obesitas. Adipositas berlebih berhubungan dengan terjadinya inflamasi sistemik yang lebih besar. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) adalah protein fase akut utama yang merupakan penanda sensitif terjadinya inflamasi sistemik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan antara ketebalan lemak abdominal dan kadar serum hs-CRP pada remaja. Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional ini dilakukan di SMAN 15 Semarang. Subjek ditentukan menggunakan consecutif sampling serta disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi dengan jumlah sampel minimal 51 orang. Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil: Rerata kadar serum hs-CRP remaja adalah sebesar 2,16 ± 4,27 mg/L dan rerata tebal lemak abdominal remaja adalah sebesar 15,13 ± 7,72 mm. Prevalensi subjek dengan kadar serum >3,0 mg/L sebesar 19,61%. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara ketebalan lemak abdominal dan kadar serum hs-CRP (r = 1,000; p = 0,001). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara ketebalan lemak abdominal dan kadar serum hs-CRP.
A wavelet-based method for MRI liver image denoising
Authors: Ali Mohammed Nabih 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Image denoising stays be a standout amongst the primary issues in the field of image processing. Several image denoising algorithms utilizing wavelet transforms have been presented. This paper deals with the use of wavelet transform for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) liver image denoising using selected wavelet families and thresholding methods with appropriate decomposition levels. Denoised MRI liver images are compared with the original images to conclude the most suitable parameters (wavelet family, level of decomposition and thresholding type) for the denoising process. The performance of our algorithm is evaluated using the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean square error (MSE). The results show that the Daubechies wavelet family of the tenth order with first and second of the levels of decomposition are the most optimal parameters for MRI liver image denoising.
Drug-drug interaction (DDI) assessments of ruxolitinib, a dual substrate of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9, using a verified physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to support regulatory submissions
Authors: Umehara Kenichi , Huth Felix , Jin Yi , Schiller Hilmar , Aslanis Vassilios , Heimbach Tycho , He Handan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Ruxolitinib is mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 followed by minor contributions of other hepatic CYP enzymes in vitro. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was established to evaluate the changes in the ruxolitinib systemic exposures with co-administration of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 perpetrators. The fractions metabolized in the liver via oxidation by CYP enzymes (fm,CYP3A4 = 0.75, fm,CYP2C9 = 0.19, and fm,CYPothers = 0.06) for an initial ruxolitinib model based on in vitro data were optimized (0.43, 0.56, and 0.01, respectively) using the observed exposure changes of ruxolitinib (10 mg) with co-administered ketoconazole (200 mg). The reduced amount of fm,CYP3A4 was distributed to fm,CYP2C9. For the initial ruxolitinib model with co-administration of ketoconazole, the area under the curve (AUC) increase of 2.60-fold was over-estimated compared with the respective observation (1.91-fold). With the optimized fm values, the predicted AUC ratio was 1.82. The estimated AUC ratios of ruxolitinib by co-administration of the moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor erythromycin (500 mg) and the strong CYP3A4 inducer rifampicin (600 mg) were within a 20% error compared with the clinically observed values. The PBPK modeling results may provide information on the labeling, i.e. supporting a dose reduction by half for co-administration of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. Furthermore, an AUC increase of ruxolitinib in the absence or presence of the dual CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 inhibitor fluconazole (100–400 mg) was prospectively estimated to be 1.94- to 4.31-fold. Fluconazole simulation results were used as a basis for ruxolitinib dose adjustment when co-administering perpetrator drugs. A ruxolitinib PBPK model with optimized fm,CYP3A4 and fm,CYP2C9 was established to evaluate victim DDI risks. The previous minimal PBPK model was supported by the FDA for the dose reduction strategy, halving the dose with the concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and dual inhibitors on CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, such as fluconazole at ≤200 mg. Fluconazole simulation results were used as supportive evidence in discussions with the FDA and EMA about ruxolitinib dose adjustment when co-administering perpetrator drugs. Thus, this study demonstrated that PBPK modeling can support characterizing DDI liabilities to inform the drug label and might help reduce the number of clinical DDI studies by simulations of untested scenarios, when a robust PBPK model is established.
A reactive coupling process for co-production of solketal and biodiesel
Authors: Al-Saadi Luma Sh. , Eze Valentine C. , Harvey Adam P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A “reactive coupling” process for one-pot transesterification of rapeseed oil into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for biodiesel, and in situ acetalisation of the glycerol by-product to solketal was investigated by both an experimental and a kinetic modelling approach. The aim was to develop a process with a more valuable co-products than glycerol, and to minimise glycerol production. The results showed that a one-stage reactive coupling achieved a solketal yield of 39.5 ± 5.1% and FAME yield of 99% after 8 h at 10:7:1 of methanol: acetone: oil molar ratio. However, based on these results and the predictions of the kinetic model developed, a “two-stage” reactive coupling process was investigated, in which some of the acetone was added later in the process. The two-stage process was demonstrated to achieve up to 98 ± 0.5% FAME and 82 ± 4% solketal yields under the same operating conditions.
Extraction of glycyrrhizic acid by aqueous two-phase system formed by PEG and two environmentally friendly organic acid salts - sodium citrate and sodium tartrate
Authors: Zhang Zhi Feng , Wang Rui , Ye Fei , Wang Haibin , Zhao Wenxia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Two aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS’s) formed by using PEG and sodium citrate/sodium tartrate are applied and compared for extraction of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) from its stock solution. Their binodal curves and tie-lines are studied firstly. Influence of usage amount of the salt and the PEG on the partition coefficient and extraction efficiency is investigated. The highest extraction efficiency and partition coefficient achieved is 73% and 6.5, when the sodium citrate and PEG concentration is 15% and 20% respectively. It is also found that the ATPS based on sodium citrate is better than sodium tartrate for GA extraction. The present study indicates that ATPS formed by biodegradable organic acid salts could be feasible and environment-friendly technique for GA and other bioactive compounds.
The language game of lost meaning: Using literal meaning as a metalinguistic resource
Authors: Carapezza Marco 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBy literal meaning (LM) we usually refer to a theoretical notion which is at the center of a big debate involving philosophers and linguists with various orientations. At the same time, LM is rooted in a linguistic intuition of the speaker, which we could formulate as follows: words taken in isolation have a meaning. Adopting this general take on LM, we are using a notion of LM that seems incompatible with any research program of a contextualist type; I will show, instead, that in a radically contextualist (and Wittgensteinian) perspective, this notion of LM can have legitimate circulation in particular types of language games.I will propose a recovery of the notion of LM saving the speaker’s intuition showing that this notion can have heuristic power but only in those particular language games in which it is necessary to recover the meaning of words considered in isolation. To put it differently, I will maintain that the LM of a linguistic expression can be considered as a metalinguistic resource available to the speaker making use of it in various cases, for example when the conversational exchange that characterizes communication breaks down.