bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse oximetric assessment of anatomical vascular contribution to tissue perfusion in the gastric conduit
Authors: Irino Tomoyuki , Persson Saga , Lundell Lars , Nilsson Magnus , Tsai Jon A. , Rouvelas Ioannis 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundTubularized stomach is a common substitute used after oesophageal resection. The risk for gastric conduit ischemia, as well as the mechanisms and dynamics for the occurrence of deficient tissue perfusion during the critical construction of a gastric tube, is poorly understood.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients that underwent oesophagectomy were studied with transmural pulse oximetry of different parts of the stomach, and at predefined preparatory steps during the construction of the gastric conduit.ResultsAfter ligation of the left gastric artery (LGA), a reduction to 83.5% in tissue saturation was observed. Three patients (10.3%) had a sustained saturation despite ligation at this point. During final preparation of the gastric tube, and after stapling of the minor curvature, saturation fell to 76.5%. Saturation increased significantly to 80.0% 2 h after the stapling, just before construction of the anastomosis (P = 0.021). There was no association between the level of oxygen saturation and the risk of anastomotic dehiscence.ConclusionDuring gastric tube construction for oesophageal replacement, conduit perfusion, measured as oxygen saturation with pulse oximetry, decreases significantly. The main cause of this reduction seems to be ligation of the LGA and the final stapling of the gastric tube. Future studies are needed to establish the clinical implications of this finding.
Paratesticular seminoma: echographic features and histological diagnosis with review of the literature
Authors: Palicelli Andrea , Neri Pierluigi , Marchioro Giansilvio , De Angelis Paolo , Bondonno Gianmarco , Ramponi Antonio 
Published: February 2018

Primary extratesticular seminomas exceptionally occur in the epididymis or in the paratesticular region/spermatic cord. Some old papers included poor histological description or insufficient photographic documentation, reducing the number of faithful cases: an up‐to‐date systematic review is lacking. We report the 4th primary seminoma of the paratesticular region/spermatic cord in a 35‐year‐old man, including the first echographic description. We provide review of the literature and etiopathogenetic discussion. Ultrasound examination showed a right paratesticular, solid, heterogeneous mass (iso‐hypoechoic with hyperechoic striae; peri‐ and intra‐lesional vascular signals) with no testicular involvement: the paratesticular origin was confirmed by pathological examination. Despite careful gross examination and extensive sampling, the 6.5‐cm extratesticular tumor revealed only one microscopic focus with minimal invasion (<2 mm) of the atrophic testicular parenchyma. Intratubular germ cell neoplasia or morphologic features of a regressed testicular tumor (fibrosis/scar, necrosis, hyalinization, calcification, inflammation) were not found. Primary seminomas of the paratesticular region/spermatic cord occurred at an older mean age and presented as bigger lesions if compared to the 9 primary epididymal seminomas reported in literature. Clinical‐pathological correlation and accurate sampling are mandatory for a correct diagnosis.
Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1‐based Therapies in Ischaemic Stroke: A Systematic Review based on Pre‐Clinical Studies
Authors: Marlet Ida R. , Ölmestig Joakim N.E. , Vilsbøll Tina , Rungby Jørgen , Kruuse Christina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)‐based therapies, GLP‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4Is) are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Increasing evidence suggests that they may provide neuroprotection. The aim of this MiniReview was to systematically evaluate the proposed mechanism of action for GLP‐1‐based therapies in ischaemic brain damage in animals. We performed a literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library. GLP‐1‐based therapies administered before, during or after experimental stroke in diabetic and non‐diabetic animals were evaluated. We reviewed 27 studies comprised of 20 involving GLP‐1RAs and seven involving DPP‐4Is. Both GLP‐1RAs and DPP‐4Is affected the acute inflammatory response secondary to ischaemia by reducing inflammation, endothelial leakage and excitotoxicity. Both treatments also reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis. GLP‐1RAs significantly reduced infarct volume when administered acutely, but not later after stroke. The reported effects of DPP‐4Is on infarct volume were inconsistent. GLP‐1‐RAs reliably improved functional outcome, but the effects on cerebral blood flow were inconclusive. These neuroprotective effects were often attributed to activation of the GLP‐1 receptor, but non‐GLP‐1R‐mediated effects have also been suggested. Both GLP‐1RAs and DPP‐4Is significantly affected inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in animal stroke models; however, data from clinical trials only report therapeutic efficacy for GLP‐1RAs. Thus, GLP‐1RA administration is the most promising treatment to pursue for patients at risk of stroke or immediately after stroke. Future studies should address acute and prophylactic treatments in stroke patients with and without diabetes.
Gender differences in the development of cardiac complications: a multicentre study in a large cohort of thalassaemia major patients to optimize the timing of cardiac follow‐up
Authors: Pepe Alessia , Gamberini Maria R. , Missere Massimiliano , Pistoia Laura , Mangione Maurizio , Cuccia Liana , Spasiano Anna , Maffei Silvia , Cadeddu Christian , Midiri Massimo , Borgna Caterina , Meloni Antonella ,   the Working Group of Gender Medicine of Italian Society of Cardiology
Published: February 2018

SummaryWe assessed whether male gender was associated with a higher risk of cardiac iron accumulation and fibrosis, heart dysfunction and complications in a large, multicentre cohort of thalassaemia major (TM) patients, in order to optimize the timing in cardiac follow‐up. We considered 1711 TM patients (899 females, 31·09 ± 9·08 years), enrolled in the Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassaemia Network. Clinical/instrumental data are recorded from birth to the first Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan. Although having a similar risk of accumulating iron, males showed a significantly higher risk of developing cardiac dysfunction, heart failure, arrhythmias and cardiac complications overall, when compared to females (P < 0·0001). Up to 20–30 years of follow‐up, the Kaplan–Meier curves for the outcomes for which the male sex was a significant prognosticator almost overlapped, whereas they clearly diverged after this period. In patients with follow‐up longer than 20 years, males exhibited a significantly higher risk of ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiac complications. Female patients may have an intrinsically better tolerance for iron toxicity. International guidelines suggest annual cardiac evaluation for thalassaemia patients. It is possible that female patients can be evaluated at longer intervals, thus reducing health costs.
Advancing the management of obstructive airways diseases through translational research
Authors: Porsbjerg C. , Sverrild A. , Baines K. J. , Searles A. , Maltby S. , Foster P. S. , Brightling C. , Gibson P. G. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryObstructive airways diseases (OAD) represent a huge burden of illness world‐wide, and in spite of the development of effective therapies, significant morbidity and mortality related to asthma and COPD still remains. Over the past decade, our understanding of OAD has improved vastly, and novel treatments have evolved. This evolution is the result of successful translational research, which has connected clinical presentations of OAD and underlying disease mechanisms, thereby enabling the development of targeted treatments. The next challenge of translational research will be to position these novel treatments for OAD for optimal clinical use. At the same time, there is great potential in these treatments providing even better insights into disease mechanisms in OAD by studying the effects of blocking individual immunological pathways. To optimize this potential, there is a need to ensure that translational aspects are added to randomized clinical trials, as well as real‐world studies, but also to use other trial designs such as platform studies, which allow for simultaneous assessment of different interventions. Furthermore, demonstrating clinical impact, that is research translation, is an increasingly important component of successful translational research. This review outlines concepts of translational research, exemplifying how translational research has moved management of obstructive airways diseases into the next century, with the introduction of targeted, individualized therapy. Furthermore, the review describes how these therapies may be used as research tools to further our understanding of disease mechanisms in OAD, through translational, mechanistic studies. We underline the current need for implementing basic immunological concepts into clinical care in order to optimize the use of novel targeted treatments and to further the clinical understanding of disease mechanisms. Finally, potential barriers to adoption of novel targeted therapies into routine practice and how these may be overcome are described.
Region‐specific ischemia, neovascularization and macular oedema in treatment‐naïve proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Lange Jason , Hadziahmetovic Majda , Zhang Jingfa , Li Weiye 
Published: February 2018

AbstractImportanceRegion‐specific pathology in proliferative diabetic retinopathy enhances our understanding and management of this disease.BackgroundTo investigate non‐perfusion, neovascularization and macular oedema.DesignA cross‐sectional, observational, non‐randomized study.ParticipantsConsecutive 43 eyes of 27 treatment‐naïve patients.MethodsUltra‐widefield fluorescein angiography for studying specific zones, that is, far‐peripheral zone, mid‐peripheral zone and central retina (cr), and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography for analysing thickness of macular layers.Main Outcome MeasuresNon‐perfusion index (NPI) and neovascularization index (NVI) in different zones, thickness of cr, retinal nerve fibre layer, ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer plexiform layer in parafoveal regions.ResultsThe NPI of far‐periphery and NVI of mid‐periphery were the highest by one‐way analysis of variance testing. Ischemic retina defined as high NPI in far‐periphery was significantly related to macular oedema via a binary classification approach (P < 0.05). The ischemic retina was correlated with a decreased thickness of both retinal nerve fibre and GCL (P < 0.05); macular oedema was correlated with increased INL thickness (P < 0.0001).Conclusions and RelevanceThe region‐specific correlation of NPI of far‐periphery and NVI of mid‐periphery, but not with central retinal thickness, suggests different pathogeneses of neovascularization and macular oedema. Retinal nerve fibre layer and GCL, both biomarkers of diabetic retinal neuronopathy, are associated with retinal ischemia, but not with macular oedema, suggesting that diabetic microangiopathy and neuronopathy possess distinct pathogenic pathways. The strong correlation between macular oedema and INL indicates that intracellular oedema is a determining factor of diabetic macular oedema.
Exploratory and Confirmatory Analyses in Sentence Processing: A Case Study of Number Interference in German
Authors: Nicenboim Bruno , Vasishth Shravan , Engelmann Felix , Suckow Katja 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGiven the replication crisis in cognitive science, it is important to consider what researchers need to do in order to report results that are reliable. We consider three changes in current practice that have the potential to deliver more realistic and robust claims. First, the planned experiment should be divided into two stages, an exploratory stage and a confirmatory stage. This clear separation allows the researcher to check whether any results found in the exploratory stage are robust. The second change is to carry out adequately powered studies. We show that this is imperative if we want to obtain realistic estimates of effects in psycholinguistics. The third change is to use Bayesian data‐analytic methods rather than frequentist ones; the Bayesian framework allows us to focus on the best estimates we can obtain of the effect, rather than rejecting a strawman null. As a case study, we investigate number interference effects in German. Number feature interference is predicted by cue‐based retrieval models of sentence processing (Van Dyke & Lewis, 2003; Vasishth & Lewis, 2006), but it has shown inconsistent results. We show that by implementing the three changes mentioned, suggestive evidence emerges that is consistent with the predicted number interference effects.
Vocabulary growth rate from preschool to school‐age years is reflected in the connectivity of the arcuate fasciculus in 14‐year‐old children
Authors: Su Mengmeng , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel , Zhao Jingjing , Song Shuang , Zhou Wei , Gong Gaolang , McBride Catherine , Ramus Franck , Shu Hua 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe acquisition of language involves the functional specialization of several cortical regions. Connectivity between these brain regions may also change with the development of language. Various studies have demonstrated that the arcuate fasciculus was essential for language function. Vocabulary learning is one of the most important skills in language acquisition. In the present longitudinal study, we explored the influence of vocabulary development on the anatomical properties of the arcuate fasciculus. Seventy‐nine Chinese children participated in this study. Between age 4 and age 10, they were administered the same vocabulary task repeatedly. Following a previous study, children's vocabulary developmental trajectories were clustered into three subgroups (consistently good, catch‐up, consistently poor). At age 14, diffusion tensor imaging data were collected. UsingROI‐based tractography, the anterior, posterior and direct segments of the bilateral arcuate fasciculus were delineated in each child's native space. Group comparisons showed a significantly reduced fractional anisotropy in the left arcuate fasciculus of children in the consistently poor group, in particular in the posterior and direct segments of the arcuate fasciculus. No group differences were observed in the right hemisphere, nor in the left anterior segment. Further regression analyses showed that the rate of vocabulary development, rather than the initial vocabulary size, was a specific predictor of the left arcuate fasciculus connectivity.
A boundary current drives synchronous growth of marine fishes across tropical and temperate latitudes
Authors: Ong Joyce J. L. , Rountrey Adam N. , Black Bryan A. , Nguyen Hoang Minh , Coulson Peter G. , Newman Stephen J. , Wakefield Corey B. , Meeuwig Jessica J. , Meekan Mark G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEntrainment of growth patterns of multiple species to single climatic drivers can lower ecosystem resilience and increase the risk of species extinction during stressful climatic events. However, predictions of the effects of climate change on the productivity and dynamics of marine fishes are hampered by a lack of historical data on growth patterns. We use otolith biochronologies to show that the strength of a boundary current, modulated by the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, accounted for almost half of the shared variance in annual growth patterns of five of six species of tropical and temperate marine fishes across 23° of latitude (3000 km) in Western Australia. Stronger flow during La Niña years drove increased growth of five species, whereas weaker flow during El Niño years reduced growth. Our work is the first to link the growth patterns of multiple fishes with a single oceanographic/climate phenomenon at large spatial scales and across multiple climate zones, habitat types, trophic levels and depth ranges. Extreme La Niña and El Niño events are predicted to occur more frequently in the future and these are likely to have implications for these vulnerable ecosystems, such as a limited capacity of the marine taxa to recover from stressful climatic events.
Case Report of the Safety Assessment of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Use in a Patient With Cardiac Pacemaker: To Pulse or Not to Pulse?
Authors: Wei Diana Y. , Greenwood Fiona S. , Murgatroyd Francis D. , Goadsby Peter J. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundSingle‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) is an emerging neuromodulation method reported to be useful in migraine. Despite a low propensity for side effects, some concern with its use in patients with cardiac pacemakers has been expressed.CaseWe present a patient with chronic migraine with a cardiac pacemaker, who had tried unsuccessfully several migraine preventives with either poor efficacy or tolerability. With involvement of the cardiology team, we tested the effect of sTMS on her pacemaker and found it to be a safe and effective option for her.ConclusionHaving regard to the risk/benefit ratio of sTMS, its use in patients with disabling migraine in the presence of a cardiac pacemaker can be carefully evaluated and may represent a useful therapeutic option.
Considerations for pre‐transfusion immunohaematology testing in patients receiving the anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab for the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Quach Hang , Benson Simon , Haysom Helen , Wilkes Anne‐Marie , Zacher Nicole , Cole‐Sinclair Merrole , Miles Prince Henry , Mollee Peter , Spencer Andrew , Joy Ho Phoebe , Harrison Simon J. , Lee Cindy , Augustson Bradley , Daly James 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn recent years, the anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab (Darzalex; Janssen‐Cilag Pty Ltd) has been shown to be highly efficacious in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, with the final results of treatment in newly diagnosed patients awaited. Despite awareness of the potential interference of daratumumab in pre‐transfusion immunohaematology testing during phase I and II clinical studies, there was a degree of unpreparedness in the community upon the introduction of this drug into the clinics, particularly the impact that it has on the operational processes in hospital transfusion laboratories and timely issue of red blood cells (RBCs). Anti‐CD38 interference in pre‐transfusion immunohaematology tests is a particular problem in patients being treated with daratumumab for multiple myeloma as many will require RBC transfusions during their disease treatment. Panagglutination caused by anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody during the indirect antiglobulin test may mask the presence of a clinically significant RBC alloantibody in the patient’s plasma during the antibody screen and identification process, which may be overlooked, particularly in urgent situations, subsequently resulting in a delayed or acute haemolytic transfusion reaction. Here, we summarise daratumumab’s effects on pre‐transfusion immunohaematology testing and its impact on clinical practice and make practical recommendations based on a consensus from medical and scientific transfusion experts and myeloma specialists on behalf of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Blood Transfusion and Myeloma Scientific Advisory Group to Myeloma Australia, respectively.
HSPA12B promotes functional recovery after ischaemic stroke through an eNOS‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Zhao Yanlin , Liu Chang , Liu Jiali , Kong Qiuyue , Mao Yu , Cheng Hao , Li Nan , Zhang Xioajin , Li Chuanfu , Li Yuehua , Liu Li , Ding Zhengnian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide. HSPA12B, a heat‐shock protein recently identified expression specifically in endothelial cells, is able to promote angiogenesis. Here, we have investigated its effects on functional recovery at chronic phase of ischaemic stroke. Ischaemic stroke was induced by 60 min. of middle cerebral artery occlusion in transgenic mice with overexpression of HSPA12B (HSPA12B Tg) and wild‐type littermates (WT). HSPA12B Tg mice demonstrated a significant higher survival rate than WT mice within 28 days post‐stroke. Significant improved neurological functions, increased spontaneous locomotor activity and decreased anxiety were detected inHSPA12B Tg mice compared with WT controls within 21 days post‐stroke. Stroke‐induced hippocampal degeneration was attenuated in HSPA12B Tg mice examined at day 28 post‐stroke. Interestingly, HSPA12B Tg mice showed enhanced peri‐infarct angiogenesis (examined 28 days post‐stroke) and hippocampal neurogenesis (examined 7 days post‐stroke), respectively, compared to WT mice. The stroke‐induced eNOS phosphorylation and TGF‐β1 expression were augmented in HSPA12B Tg mice. However, administration with eNOS inhibitor L‐NAME diminished the HSPA12B‐induced protection in neurological functional recovery and mice survival post‐stroke. The data suggest that HSPA12B promoted functional recovery and survival after stroke in an eNOS‐dependent mechanism. Targeting HSPA12B expression may have a therapeutic potential for the stroke‐evoked functional disability and mortality.
A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the stain removal efficacy of a sodium phytate dentifrice formulation
Authors: Milleman Kimberly R. , Creeth Jonathan E. , Burnett Gary R. , Milleman Jeffery L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesPhytate is an organic, cyclic polyphosphate analogous to linear condensed polyphosphates used as stain removal agents. This study investigated stain removal efficacy of an experimental sodium phytate‐containing dentifrice compared to a reference dentifrice.MethodsAn experimental, moderate abrasivity (relative dentine abrasivity [RDA] ∼130) antisensitivity fluoride dentifrice containing sodium phytate (0.85% w/w as the hexasodium salt) (n = 111) was compared to a reference, marketed, low‐abrasivity (RDA ∼ 43), anti‐sensitivity fluoride dentifrice (n = 113), both containing 1150 ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride. Primary efficacy variables were between‐treatment differences in extrinsic dental stain of anterior teeth after 6 and 12 weeks' twice‐daily use, using Lobene stain index (MacPherson modification, MLSI) mean area (A) and intensity (I) scores. Comparisons included whole‐tooth and hard‐to‐reach areas (gingival, interproximal, body of lingual).ResultsAt both 6‐ and 12‐week timepoints, MLSI (A × I) scores for total area and hard‐to‐reach areas for the experimental dentifrice were statistically significantly lower than baseline (P < .0001 for all). This was demonstrated for the reference dentifrice at 6 weeks only, for total, interproximal (P < .0001 for both), and body of lingual (P = .0395) scores. Compared with the reference, the experimental dentifrice had statistically significantly lower MLSI scores at both 6 and 12 weeks for all outcome variables including both total MLSI (A × I) and hard‐to reach areas (P < .0001 in all cases). Products were generally well‐tolerated.ConclusionsDifferences between treatments were considered clinically differentiable. Sodium phytate may therefore be a suitable additive ingredient to improve tooth stain control performance within an otherwise conventional dentifrice formulation.Clinical SignificanceFollowing 6 and 12 weeks brushing, clinically differentiable differences were shown in stain index scores with an experimental dentifrice containing sodium phytate compared to a reference dentifrice without sodium phytate. Sodium phytate may therefore be a suitable additive ingredient to improve tooth stain control performance within an otherwise conventional dentifrice formulation.