bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid Metal Droplet and Graphene Co‐Fillers for Electrically Conductive Flexible Composites
Authors: Saborio Maricruz G. , Cai Shengxiang , Tang Jianbo , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Mayyas Mohannad , Han Jialuo , Christoe Michael J. , Peng Shuhua , Koshy Pramod , Esrafilzadeh Dorna , Jalili Rouhollah , Wang Chun H. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractColloidal liquid metal alloys of gallium, with melting points below room temperature, are potential candidates for creating electrically conductive and flexible composites. However, inclusion of liquid metal micro‐ and nanodroplets into soft polymeric matrices requires a harsh auxiliary mechanical pressing to rupture the droplets to establish continuous pathways for high electrical conductivity. However, such a destructive strategy reduces the integrity of the composites. Here, this problem is solved by incorporating small loading of nonfunctionalized graphene flakes into the composites. The flakes introduce cavities that are filled with liquid metal after only relatively mild press‐rolling (<0.1 MPa) to form electrically conductive continuous pathways within the polymeric matrix, while maintaining the integrity and flexibility of the composites. The composites are characterized to show that even very low graphene loadings (≈0.6 wt%) can achieve high electrical conductivity. The electrical conductance remains nearly constant, with changes less than 0.5%, even under a relatively high applied pressure of >30 kPa. The composites are used for forming flexible electrically‐conductive tracks in electronic circuits with a self‐healing property. The demonstrated application of co‐fillers, together with liquid metal droplets, can be used for establishing electrically‐conductive printable‐composite tracks for future large‐area flexible electronics.
Liquid Metal–Based Soft Microfluidics
Authors: Zhu Lifei , Wang Ben , Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Zhou Xuechang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMotivated by the increasing demand of wearable and soft electronics, liquid metal (LM)‐based microfluidics has been subjected to tremendous development in the past decade, especially in electronics, robotics, and related fields, due to the unique advantages of LMs that combines the conductivity and deformability all‐in‐one. LMs can be integrated as the core component into microfluidic systems in the form of either droplets/marbles or composites embedded by polymer materials with isotropic and anisotropic distribution. The LM microfluidic systems are found to have broad applications in deformable antennas, soft diodes, biomedical sensing chips, transient circuits, mechanically adaptive materials, etc. Herein, the recent progress in the development of LM‐based microfluidics and their potential applications are summarized. The current challenges toward industrial applications and future research orientation of this field are also summarized and discussed.
CT/Bioluminescence Dual‐Modal Imaging Tracking of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Bao Hongying , Xia Yuyang , Yu Chenggong , Ning Xinyu , Liu Xiaoyun , Fu Han , Chen Zhongjin , Huang Jie , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), due to their immune regulation and collateral secretion effects, are currently explored for potential therapy of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Understanding the migration, homing, functions, and survival of transplanted hMSCs in vivo is critical to successful IPF treatment. Therefore, it is highly desired to develop noninvasive and effective imaging technologies to track the transplanted hMSCs, providing experimental basis for improving the efficacy of hMSCs in the treatment of IPF. The rational design and development of a dual‐labeling strategy are reported by integrating gold nanoparticle (AuNP)‐based computed tomography (CT) nanotracers and red‐emitting firefly luciferase (RfLuc)‐based bioluminescence (BL) tags for CT/BL multimodal imaging tracking of the transplanted hMSCs in a murine model of IPF. In this approach, the CT nanotracer is prepared by sequential coupling of AuNPs with polyethylene glycol and trans‐activator of transcription (TAT) peptide (Au@TAT), and employed it to monitor the location and distribution of the transplanted hMSCs in vivo by CT imaging, while RfLuc is used to monitor hMSCs viability by BLI. This facile strategy allows for visualization of the transplanted hMSCs in vivo, thereby enabling profound understanding of the role of hMSCs in the IPF treatment, and advancing stem cell‐based regenerative medicine.
Tri‐ortho‐cresyl phosphate (TOCP)‐induced reproductive toxicity involved in placental apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress in pregnant mice
Authors: Yang Bei , Wang Xinlu , Ma Yilin , Yan Lei , Ren Yuan , Yu Dainan , Qiao Bo , Shen Xin , Liu Hui , Zhang Dalei , Kuang Haibin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTri‐ortho‐cresyl phosphate (TOCP) has been widely used as plasticizers, and reported causing reproductive toxicity in mammals. However, little is known about the toxic effect on the placenta. In this study, dams were orally administered different doses of TOCP to explore the effect of TOCP on placental development. Results showed that TOCP exposure significantly reduced numbers of implanted embryo, caused atrophy and collapse of ectoplacental cone, and decreased total areas of placenta and numbers of PCNA‐positive cells. Expression levels of placental development genes were prominently downregulated in the TOCP‐treated groups. Moreover, TOCP administration induced placental apoptosis and autophagy by upregulating P53, Bax, Beclin‐1, ratio of LC3 II/LC3 I and Atg5 and downregulating Bcl‐2 protein. In addition, TOCP exposure markedly inhibited activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase and increased the production of H2O2 and malondialdehyde. Collectively, these findings suggest that apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress may be involved in the TOCP‐induced reproductive toxicity.
Stabile Vakuumprozesse mit Dreh‐/Schiebedurchführungen
Authors: Rößner Matthäus , Blanz Jonathan , Haidu Francisc , Bergner Klaus , Flämmich Michael , Bergner Ute 
Published: October 2019

SummaryStable vacuum processes despite rotary/sliding feedthroughs – Effects of motion speed and direction using the MeTraVac system as an exampleComponents for ultra‐high (p < 1 · 10−7 mbar) and extreme high vacuum (p < 1 · 10−11mbar) conditions must have very clean surfaces with low outgassing rates. The determination of outgassing characteristics for static components is common practice. However, it is unusual to investigate the influence of the outgassing rates of dynamic components when they move in a vacuum. Various experiments with a self‐designed and built rotary/sliding feed‐through were carried out. The aim of these investigations was to monitor the pressure increases during movements and thereby draw conclusions on the quality of the vacuum conditions. One rotary and two translational movement types were selected exemplarily for practical vacuum applications. Each experiment was performed in an unconditioned and conditioned (in‐situ bake‐out) state. For the experiments a heatable test setup was assembled.The rotary motion does not affect the process vacuum perceivable. Two translational movements were carried out, which differed in the speed. The pressure increases during slower and faster translatory movements show that the speed of movement has no significant influence on the vacuum. Nevertheless, a significant change in pressure was observed with translational movements. By bake‐out, the amount of water released per movement will significantly be reduced. Most kind of vacuum‐sided movements do not affect the process pressure at all or only to a small extent.
Hochdurchsatzbeschichtungen für die Photovoltaik
Authors: Seyfert Ulf 
Published: October 2019

SummaryHigh throughput coatings for photovoltaics – Contribution of sputtering technology to Paris Climate GoalsPhotovoltaics (PV) is one of the most important renewable energy sources whose expansion is needed to achieve the climate goals. The considerable drop down in the costs of PV based energy within the last 10 years has led to a very high degree of economic attractiveness for photovoltaics. This was made possible by new cell structures with higher efficiencies, lower material usage and utilization of scaling effects as well as automation in production. Highly efficient PVD coating processes, such as the magnetron sputtering, are increasingly being used in current crystalline PV cell types such as heterojunction or TOPCON solar cells. Thin film technologies are still the backbone for processing of the less material‐intensive thin‐film solar modules.
Pyogranulomatous pleuropneumonia caused by Nocardia asiatica in a dog coinfected with canine morbillivirus (canine distemper virus)
Authors: Teixeira Ribeiro Allyne Isabela , da Cruz Burema Mayara , de Souza Borges Ana Paula , de Melo Bruno Vanessa Cristina , Brandini Néspoli Pedro Eduardo , Colodel Edson Moleta , Furlan Gouvêa Fernando Henrique , Dutra Valéria , Nakazato Luciano , Ribeiro Márcio Garcia , de Aguiar Daniel Moura 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNocardia asiatica causing pyogranulomatous pleuropneumonia is reported for the first time in a dog coinfected with canine morbillivirus (CM), diagnosed based on epidemiological, clinical, haematological, images, microbiological, histopathological, polymerase chain reaction and hsp65 gene sequencing findings. The immunosuppression of CM probably favoured the opportunistic behaviour of N. asiatica. Despite the therapeutic measures, the animal died, mainly due to respiratory distress. The association of methods to improve early diagnosis, therapy procedures and prognosis of canine nocardiosis is discussed, as well as the close relationship between pets and their owners, which may favour the transmission of pathogens such as Nocardia from pets‐to‐humans, which poses an emerging public health issue.
Ultra short‐term probability prediction of wind power based on LSTM network and condition normal distribution
Authors: Sun Yonghui , Wang Peng , Zhai Suwei , Hou Dongchen , Wang Sen , Zhou Yan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConsidering the inevitable prediction errors in the traditional point predictions of wind power, in this paper, a new ultra short‐term probability prediction method for wind power is proposed, in which the long short‐term memory (LSTM) network, wavelet decomposition (WT), and principal component analysis (PCA) are combined together for ultra short‐term probability prediction of wind power, a conditional normal distribution model that is developed to describe the uncertainty of prediction errors. First, WT and PCA are jointly used to smooth the original time series, then the point prediction model for subsequence data based on LSTM network is proposed. It is worth pointing out that the input matrix of the model includes many features, such as wind power and wind speed, which will be helpful for improving prediction performance. After optimizing the index of the ultra short‐term probability prediction interval (PI) of wind power by particle swarm optimization (PSO), the conditional normal distribution model of prediction errors is developed. Thus, the ultra short‐term PIs for wind power are obtained. Finally, based on the data of two wind farms in China, simulation results are provided to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed prediction model. It follows from those results that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of prediction, and the reliability of probability prediction for wind power is also improved.
Critical considerations for targeting colorectal liver metastases with nanotechnology
Authors: Arshad Usman , Sutton Paul A. , Ashford Marianne B. , Treacher Kevin E. , Liptrott Neill J. , Rannard Steve P. , Goldring Christopher E. , Owen Andrew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Half of all patients develop liver metastases, presenting unique challenges for their treatment. The shortcomings of conventional chemotherapy has encouraged the use of nanomedicines; the application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. In spite of technological improvements in nanotechnology, the complexity of biological systems hinders the prospect of nanomedicines being applied in cancer therapy at the present time. This review highlights current biological barriers and discusses aspects of tumor biology together with the physicochemical features of the nanocarrier, that need to be considered in order to develop effective nanotherapeutics for colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. It becomes clear that incorporating an interdisciplinary approach when developing nanomedicines should assure appropriate disease‐driven design and that this will form a critical step in improving their clinical translation.This article is characterized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Wrinkling in sandwich panels with bi‐modular core
Authors: Birman Victor , Lee Jeffrey 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe paper is concerned with wrinkling of thin facings in sandwich structures with a bi‐modular elastic core. Bi‐modularity of core implies a different stiffness in tension and compression. The solution to the wrinkling problem is obtained by an extension of the Hoff method. One of two bounding cases are the classical Hoff solution where the stiffness of the core in tension is equal to that in compression. In the second case demonstrated in the paper the mismatch in the stiffness of the core in tension and compression is so large that the higher stiffness can be assumed infinite. The solution for intermediate cases where the ratio of the core stiffness in tension to that in compression is finite is also presented in the paper. In addition, the approach to the analysis of wrinkling utilizing the stresses in the core derived by the theory of elasticity is discussed and the closed‐form solution obtained in the particular case of equal tensile and compressive moduli. It is shown that a mismatch in the elastic moduli of the core in tension and compression results in the change in the mode shape of wrinkling as compared to the core with equal tensile and compressive stiffness. An increase in the stiffness of the facing or using a stiffer bi‐modular core results in a higher wrinkling stress. It is also demonstrated that a higher stiffness of a bi‐modular core in either tension or compression causes only a limited reduction in the energy absorbed prior to wrinkling.
Advances in Wave Digital Modeling of Linear and Nonlinear Systems: A Summary
Authors: Bernardini Alberto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis brief summarizes some of the main research results that I obtained during the three years, ranging from November 2015 to October 2018, as a Ph.D. student at Politecnico di Milano under the supervision of Professor Augusto Sarti, and that are contained in my doctoral dissertation, entitled “Advances in Wave Digital Modeling of Linear and Nonlinear Systems”. The thesis provides contributions to all the main aspects of Wave Digital (WD) modeling of lumped systems: it introduces generalized definitions of wave variables; it presents novel WD models of one- and multi-port linear and nonlinear circuit elements; it discusses systematic techniques for the WD implementation of arbitrary connection networks and it describes a novel iterative method for the implementation of circuits with multiple nonlinear elements. Though WD methods usually focus on the discrete-time implementation of analog audio circuits; the methodologies addressed in the thesis are general enough as to be applicable to whatever system that can be described by an equivalent electric circuit.
Chirp Generators for Millimeter-Wave FMCW Radars
Authors: Cherniak Dmytro , Levantino Salvatore 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe vast number of radar applications generates the demand for highly-linear, low-noise, fast chirp generators implemented in nanoscale CMOS technologies. Off-the-shelf chirp synthesizers are realized in BiCMOS technologies and demonstrate excellent phase noise performances, though, at high cost and limited modulation speed. This chapter describes a new class of fast and reconfigurable chirp generators based on digital bang-bang phase-locked loops, suitable for integration in modern CMOS processes. After analyzing the impact of the chirp generator impairments on a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar system, a novel pre-distortion scheme for the linearization of critical blocks is introduced to achieve at the same time low phase noise and fast linear chirps. The chirp generator fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology demonstrates above-state-of-the-art performance: It is capable of generating chirps around 23-GHz with slopes up to 173 MHz/$$\upmu $$s and idle times of less than 200 ns with no over or undershoot after an abrupt frequency step. The circuit consuming 19.7 mA exhibits a phase noise of $$-100$$ dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier and a worst case in-band fractional spur level below $$-58$$ dBc.
Modeling and Simulation of Spiking Neural Networks with Resistive Switching Synapses
Authors: Milo Valerio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has recently reached excellent achievements in the implementation of human brain cognitive functions such as learning, recognition and inference by running intensively neural networks with deep learning on high-performance computing platforms. However, excessive computational time and power consumption required for achieving such performance make AI inefficient compared with human brain. To replicate the efficient operation of human brain in hardware, novel nanoscale memory devices such as resistive switching random access memory (RRAM) have attracted strong interest thanks to their ability to mimic biological learning in silico. In this chapter, design, modeling and simulation of RRAM-based electronic synapses capable of emulating biological learning rules are first presented. Then, the application of RRAM synapses in spiking neural networks to achieve neuromorphic tasks such as on-line learning of images and associative learning is addressed.
Pharmakologische Eigenschaften von Notfallmedikamenten unter Extrembedingungen
Authors: Schäfer L. , Schmidt P. , Schiefer L. M. , Sareban M. , Macholz F. , Berger M. M. 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Notfallmedikamente kommen an nahezu allen Orten dieser Erde zum Einsatz. Damit werden sie unterschiedlichsten Umweltbedingungen (Kälte, Hitze, direkte Sonneneinstrahlung) ausgesetzt. Sämtliche Daten zur Pharmakokinetik, Pharmakodynamik, Medikamentensicherheit und -haltbarkeit werden jedoch unter standardisierten Bedingungen erhoben, die sich von den Anwendungsbedingungen in der Notfallmedizin erheblich unterscheiden können. Durch die Kälte bei Wintereinsätzen im Gebirge können ebenso wie bei Einsätzen in großer Hitze und bei direkter Sonnenexposition chemische Reaktionen entstehen, welche die Eigenschaften der Medikamente bis hin zur kompletten Wirkungslosigkeit verändern können. Zusätzlich können Unterkühlung oder Überhitzung des Patienten zu einer Zentralisation bzw. Vasodilatation führen und damit das pharmakologische Verteilungsvolumen erheblich verändern, woraus Unter- bzw. Überdosierungen resultieren können. Gleichzeitig kann durch einen temperaturbedingt veränderten Metabolismus die Konjugation und Elimination von Medikamenten beeinflusst sein und zu einer unvorhersehbaren Verlängerung der Medikamentenwirkung führen. Trotz der erheblichen klinischen Relevanz dieser Thematik existieren bisher kaum Daten zu den konkreten Effekten extremer Umweltbedingungen auf die pharmakologischen Eigenschaften von Notfallmedikamenten. Diese Übersicht soll dazu dienen, den aktuellen Kenntnisstand der notfallmedizinischen Pharmakotherapie unter Extrembedingungen darzustellen.
A Qualitative Study of Caregivers’ Experiences, Motivation and Challenges Using a Web-Based Mindfulness Intervention
Authors: Stjernswärd Sigrid , Hansson Lars 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Caregivers report experiences of stress and burden that can affect their health negatively. Web-based mindfulness interventions have shown beneficial health effects in clinical and non-clinical populations, including caregivers. The study’s aim was to explore the experiences of a web-based mindfulness program, including motivation and challenges to use, in caregivers of a person with somatic illness. Ten participants were interviewed. Data was analyzed with content analysis, resulting in four categories illustrating the participants’ experiences of the program, including motivations and barriers to training: A timely or untimely intervention; Mainly positive effects even at low levels of training; Relationship to the patient; and Creating a routine and maintaining motivation. Qualitative studies can contribute to enrich our understanding of the value of such interventions, which may be a flexible supportive tool for caregivers. The findings illuminate the importance of supporting motivation and adherence to such interventions, with the potential for enhanced beneficial outcomes.
On-body Cavity-Backed Low-UWB Antenna for Capsule Localization
Authors: Kissi Chaïmaâ , Särestöniemi Mariella , Kumpuniemi Timo , Sonkki Marko , Myllymäki Sami , Srifi Mohamed Nabil , Pomalaza-Raez Carlos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe paper presents a novel antenna operating at the lower UWB band (3.75–4.25 GHz), defined originally in IEEE 802.15.6 standard for Body Area Networks (BAN) applications. The proposed antenna is designed for biomedical application, wireless capsule endoscopy localization. In other words, the concerned application is dedicated to track a capsule, by means of an external device, swallowed by the patient to provide captured images of the Small Intestine (SI), essential part of the GastroIntestinal (GI) tract, and transfer them in real-time to the external device. In this context, antenna with and without cavity-backed structures, are presented and compared with the requirements for a receiving antenna in terms of directivity and bandwidth coverage in question. It was revealed that the cavity approach improved the antenna gain up to 8 dBi, at the 4 GHz center frequency, compared to 6 dBi without the cavity presence. Simulations were carried out using CST Microwave Studio, and the results were validated by measurements in proximity to human body. The antenna safety issue was assessed with CST SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) calculation, in compliance with IEEE/IEC 62704-1 standard. Results showed a maximum SAR of 0.112 W/kg and 0.005 W/kg at 4 mm and 30 mm antenna-skin distance, in the range of the SAR limit guidelines defined by safety standards. The cavity-backed antenna ability to penetrate the human tissues, to reach the small intestine layer was studied by means of CST voxel model and compared to a multi-layer model emulating the dielectric properties of the human tissues at 4 GHz. This analysis was conducted using power flow results and completed by the power field probes at the several tissue interfaces.