bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitation alters plastic film mulching impacts on soil respiration in an arid area of northwest China
Authors: Ming Guanghui , Hu Hongchang , Tian Fuqiang , Peng Zhenyang , Yang Pengju , Luo Yiqi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Plastic film mulching (PFM) has widely been used around the world to save water and improve crop yield. However, the effect of PFM on soil respiration (Rs) remains unclear and could be further confounded by irrigation and precipitation. To address these topics, controlled experiments were conducted in mulched and non-mulched fields under drip irrigation from 2014 to 2016 in an arid area of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwest China. The spatio-temporal pattern of soil surface CO2 flux as an index of soil respiration under drip irrigation with PFM was investigated, and the confounded effects of PFM and irrigation/precipitation on soil respiration were explored. The main findings were as follows. (1) Furrows, planting holes, and plastic mulch are three important pathways of soil CO2 emissions in mulched fields, of which the planting hole efflux outweighs that from the furrow, with the largest values of 8.0 and 6.6 µmol m−2 s−1, respectively, and the plastic mulch itself can emit up to 3.6 µmol m−2 s−1 of CO2. (2) The frequent application of water (i.e. through irrigation and precipitation) elevates soil moisture and soil respiration and enhances their variation. The resultant higher variation of soil moisture further alleviates the sensitivity of soil respiration to soil temperature, leading to a weak correlation and lower Q10 values. (3) Soil CO2 effluxes from furrows and ridges in mulched fields outweigh the corresponding values in non-mulched fields in arid areas. However, this outweighing relation attenuates with increasing precipitation. Furthermore, by combining our results with those from the literature, we show that the difference in soil CO2 effluxes between non-mulched and mulched fields presents a linear relation with the amount of precipitation, which results in negative values in arid areas and positive values in humid areas. Therefore, whether PFM increases soil respiration or not depends on the amount of precipitation during the crop-growing season.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA MODIFIED WITH SILANES BY USING THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS COMBINED WITH INFRARED DETECTION
Authors: Ngeow Yen Wan , Chapman Andrew V. , Heng Jerry Y. Y. , Williams Daryl R. , Mathys Susanna , Hull Colin D. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Tire treads with reduced rolling resistance and increased wet grip can be achieved by coupling hydrophilic silica to hydrocarbon rubber by using an alkoxysilane. The silica surface was modified by reaction with a wide range of coupling and non-coupling silanes. The chemistry and extent of these silanizations were elucidated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) combined with infrared detection. The silane grafting efficiencies were typically 52–72%, but efficiencies were lower with the bulkier 3-(di-(tridecyloxypenta(ethyleneoxy))ethoxysilyl)propyl mercaptan. However, the silica surface coverage increases with increasing size of the silane. Grafting efficiencies were lower with higher silane loadings. In the TGA, ethoxy and methoxy groups are displaced from the grafted silanes mainly at moderate temperatures (up to about 495 °C) to form siloxane bridges. Over a similar temperature range, the weaker S–S bonds present in bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT)- or bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] disulfide (TESPD)-modified silica are cleaved, leading to weight losses from TESPT or TESPD bound at one end to the silica and from TESPT bound at both ends. The remaining weight losses from bound silanes occurred mainly at higher temperatures. In the commercial silanized silica Coupsil 8113, TGA indicates that about two of three ethoxy groups in each triethoxysilane were lost during the silanization process.
Pemanfaatan ovitrap dalam pengukuran populasi Aedes sp. dan penentuan kondisi rumah
Authors: Hidayati Lisa , Hadi Upik Kesumawati , Soviana Susi 
Published: May 2018

Kejadian demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Pengamatan selama kurun waktu 20 sampai 25 tahun sejak awal ditemukan kasus DBD menyatakan bahwa angka kejadian luar biasa DBD mengalami peningkatan setiap lima tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) mempelajari keanekaragaman nyamuk Aedes di kota Sukabumi, 2) mengukur populasi Aedes sp. berdasarkan jumlah telur dan indeks ovitrap, dan 3) mengetahui hubungan indeks ovitrap dengan kondisi rumah. Telur Aedes sp. dikumpulkan dari 14 kelurahan di Kota Sukabumi yang memiliki angka insiden tertinggi, mulai dari bulan Mei 2015 hingga Agustus 2015. Pengumpulan telur dilakukan dengan cara memasang perangkap telur (ovitrap) sebanyak 230 buah di 115 rumah (di dalam dan di luar rumah). Hasil pengumpulan ovitrap menunjukan jumlah telur yang diperoleh dari ovitrap di dalam rumah 3 kali lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan telur dari ovitrap di luar rumah (1307 banding 429). Nyamuk Ae. aegypti ditemukan pada ovitrap di dalam rumah dan Ae. albopictus pada ovitrap di luar rumah. Indeks ovitrap di dalam rumah mencapai 60%, atau 1,6 kali lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan indeks ovitrap di luar rumah (37%). Rumah dengan ventilasi dan sanitasi buruk berisiko 3,09 kali meningkatkan angka indeks ovitrap. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai informasi dasar bagi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kebersihan lingkungan melalui pengurangan tempat perindukan nyamuk sehingga menurunkan kejadian DBD.
Siklus hidup dan statistik demografi kutukebul Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotipe B dan non-B pada tanaman cabai (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Hidayat Purnama , Kurniawan Hazen Arrazie , Afifah Lutfi , Triwidodo Hermanu 
Published: May 2018

Kutukebul Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotipe B yang juga dikenal sebagai Bemisia argentifolii (Gennadius) merupakan jenis biotipe yang lebih ganas dalam merusak tanaman dibandingkan dengan biotipe non-B. Saat ini kutukebul B. tabaci biotipe B telah dilaporkan keberadaanya di Indonesia. Informasi dasar, seperti siklus hidup, lama hidup, keperidian, dan kemampuan berkembang biak kutukebul sangat diperlukan sebagai dasar dalam menyusun strategi pengendalian hama kutukebul tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari siklus hidup dan statistik demografi kutukebul B. tabaci biotipe B dan non-B pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengamati perkembangan sejak telur sampai menjadi dewasa di growth chamber yang terkontrol suhu dan pencahayaannya. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap beberapa aspek biologi dan beberapa parameter statistik demografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kutukebul B. tabaci biotipe B memiliki beberapa aspek biologi yang berbeda dengan non-B pada tanaman cabai. Siklus hidup kutukebul B. tabaci biotipe B dan non-B masing-masing adalah 33,27 dan 30,86 hari. Kutukebul B. tabaci biotipe B memiliki laju reproduksi bersih (R0) yang hampir sama dengan biotipe non-B, begitu juga rataan masa generasinya. Namun demikian, laju pertambahan intrinsik (r) kutukebul B. tabaci biotipe B 2,5 kali lebih cepat dibandingkan biotipe non-B. Kutukebul B. tabaci biotipe B berlipat ganda populasinya (DT) 2 kali lebih cepat dibandingkan biotipe non-B. Kutukebul B. tabaci biotipe B berpotensi lebih berbahaya dibandingkan dengan biotipe non-B sehingga perlu diwaspadai keberadaannya.
Lecture conventionnaliste du cas des établissements Thunevin
Authors: Verstraete Thierry , Néraudau Gérard , Jouison-Laffitte Estèle 
Published: May 2018

Les établissements Thunevin évoluent dans la production et le négoce de vin. Robert Parker, célèbre critique américain et créateur de la non moins célèbre revue The Wine Advocate, a qualifié leur fondateur et dirigeant, Jean-Luc Thunevin, de « bad boy ». Ce terme peut traduire une forme de déviance par rapport aux règles de conduite instituées dans un univers d’action particulier ou, autrement dit, par rapport aux registres conventionnels des espaces sociaux investis. Pour appréhender cette originalité, nous avons choisi d’adopter une perspective conventionnaliste pour apprendre du succès des établissements Thunevin. En effet, parti de rien, Jean-Luc Thunevin est aujourd’hui emblématique du mouvement des « vins de garage ». Ainsi, l’entreprise a porté son cru fétiche, Château Valandraud, au sommet de l’appellation en devenant premier grand cru classé de Saint-Émilion lors du classement de 2012 (les vins de Saint-Émilion sont soumis au classement de façon décennale). Cette réussite exceptionnelle incitait à une étude de cas intrinsèque, laquelle s’est combinée à une étude de cas instrumentale (Stake, 1994, 1995) par la lumière que le cas des établissements Thunevin prenait sous l’éclairage de la perspective conventionnaliste.
Perception de la RSE par les dirigeants de PME camerounaises
Authors: Sangue Fotso Robert 
Published: May 2018

La responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise (RSE) s’impose aujourd’hui comme un levier stratégique de développement des entreprises, quelle que soit leur taille. L’intérêt porté à la PME revêt ainsi un caractère important pour l’étude de ce concept. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’appréhender dans un territoire donné la perception qu’ont les dirigeants de PME de la RSE dans un environnement marqué par le déséquilibre institutionnel. Une enquête exploratoire menée auprès de 22 dirigeants de PME camerounaises a permis de relever que les PME sont porteuses de finalités non exclusivement lucratives, que les convictions managériales – caractérisées par les valeurs éthiques et substantielles – et la culture traditionnelle fondent la perception de la RSE des dirigeants de PME.
miRNA‐106a and prostate cancer radioresistance: a novel role for LITAF in ATM regulation
Authors: Hoey Christianne , Ray Jessica , Jeon Jouhyun , Huang Xiaoyong , Taeb Samira , Ylanko Jarkko , Andrews David W. , Boutros Paul C. , Liu Stanley K. 
Published: May 2018

Recurrence of high‐grade prostate cancer after radiotherapy is a significant clinical problem, resulting in increased morbidity and reduced patient survival. The molecular mechanisms of radiation resistance are being elucidated through the study of microRNA (miR) that negatively regulate gene expression. We performed bioinformatics analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset to evaluate the association between miR‐106a and its putative target lipopolysaccharide‐induced TNF‐α factor (LITAF) in prostate cancer. We characterized the function of miR‐106a through in vitro and in vivo experiments and employed transcriptomic analysis, western blotting, and 3′UTR luciferase assays to establish LITAF as a bona fide target of miR‐106a. Using our well‐characterized radiation‐resistant cell lines, we identified that miR‐106a was overexpressed in radiation‐resistant cells compared to parental cells. In the TCGA, miR‐106a was significantly elevated in high‐grade human prostate tumors relative to intermediate‐ and low‐grade specimens. An inverse correlation was seen with its target, LITAF. Furthermore, high miR‐106a and low LITAF expression predict for biochemical recurrence at 5 years after radical prostatectomy. miR‐106a overexpression conferred radioresistance by increasing proliferation and reducing senescence, and this was phenocopied by knockdown of LITAF. For the first time, we describe a role for miRNA in upregulating ATM expression. LITAF, not previously attributed to radiation response, mediates this interaction. This route of cancer radioresistance can be overcome using the specific ATM kinase inhibitor, KU‐55933. Our research provides the first report of miR‐106a and LITAF in prostate cancer radiation resistance and high‐grade disease, and presents a viable therapeutic strategy that may ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Breaking script: Deviations and postevent information in adult memory for a repeated event
Authors: MacLean Carla L. , Coburn Patricia I. , Chong Kristin , Connolly Deborah L. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWitnesses to industrial incidents may be asked to recall a single instance of a familiar event. This research systematically tested if deviations to what typically occurs and postevent information (PEI) enhanced reporting of an instance of a repeated event. Across 2 experiments, each participant experienced 5 food‐tasting instances; these instances comprised the repeated event. Half of the participants in both Experiments 1 (continuous deviation setting) and 2 (continuous deviation integrated) experienced a deviation to how the third instance occurred. Also, half of the participants in both experiments received PEI about the third instance. All participants demonstrated superior reporting for the first instance of the repeated event. The continuous deviation setting in Experiment 1 enhanced reporting for all 5 instances of the repeated event (general effect). In Experiment 2, participants who received a continuous deviation integrated and PEI demonstrated superior reporting for the first and third instances of the event (targeted effect).
Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Moving Gradients
Authors: Qasaimeh Mohammad A. , Pyzik Michal , Astolfi Mélina , Vidal Silvia M. , Juncker David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeutrophils are known to rapidly migrate to sites of infection and injury, and track bacteria guided by spatiotemporally controlled chemokine gradients. Previous studies of neutrophil chemotaxis, using micropipettes and lately microfluidic devices, are limited to stationary sources and gradients. Thus, despite the well‐known ability of neutrophils to track bacteria in vitro, their response to defined moving gradients remains unknown. Here, a “floating” concentration gradient of interleukin‐8 is generated using a microfluidic quadrupole, and neutrophils cultured in a Petri dish are challenged with steep stationary and moving gradients. Individual neutrophils are tracked by live microscopy and their chemotaxis is analyzed. Interestingly, neutrophils are shown to enter the gradient region in a rolling‐like behavior, rapidly adhere to the bare dish, and polarize within 30 s, faster than what has been observed to date. Under stationary gradients, neutrophil migration length is maximal for cells located at the low end of the gradient, whereas under moving gradients, neutrophils migrate over longer distances and the length travelled is independent of their starting position. Furthermore, neutrophils are shown to initiate their migration at a maximum speed, slowing down when migrating deeper into the gradient and eventually stopping. This work lays the foundation for future chemotaxis assays with moving gradients.
Stepwise Degradable Nanocarriers Enabled Cascade Delivery for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yang Yannan , Lu Yao , Abbaraju Prasanna Lakshmi , Azimi Iman , Lei Chang , Tang Jie , Jambhrunkar Manasi , Fu Jianye , Zhang Min , Liu Yang , Liu Chao , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHypoxia‐activated prodrugs have brought new opportunities for safe and effective tumor ablation, but their therapeutic efficacy is limited by insufficient activation in tumor microenvironments. Herein, a novel cascade delivery system with tandem functions by integrating a hypoxia‐activated prodrug (AQ4N) and glucose oxidase (GOx) is designed to improve its efficacy. Innovative yolk–shell organosilica nanoparticles with a tetrasulfide bridged composition, a small‐pore yolk, and a large‐pore shell featuring a shell‐to‐yolk stepwise degradability are constructed as a carrier for AQ4N and GOx, one enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to produce hydrogen peroxide. The glutathione (GSH) is depleted by tetrasulfide bond in the framework and induces shell degradation for fast release of GOx, which in turn induces starvation (glucose removal), oxidative cytotoxicity (H2O2 production and GSH depletion), and hypoxia (oxygen consumption). Finally, the hypoxia activates the liberated prodrug AQ4N for chemotherapy. The cascading and synergistic functions including GSH depletion, starvation, oxidative cytotoxicity, and chemotherapy lead to improved performance in tumor inhibition and antimetastasis.
Yellow‐Colored Electro‐Optic Crystals as Intense Terahertz Wave Sources
Authors: Jeong Chan‐Uk , Kang Bong Joo , Lee Seung‐Heon , Lee Seung‐Chul , Kim Won Tae , Jazbinsek Mojca , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Kim Dongwook , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study presents newly developed yellow‐colored organic electro‐optic crystals to provide high terahertz (THz) wave generation efficiency. Compared with currently existing red‐ or orange‐colored electro‐optic crystals, which are used for most benchmark organic THz sources, yellow‐colored crystals have additional superior advantages for THz wave generation, e.g., higher transparency in the visible wavelength range with accompanying different phase‐matching possibilities. The new yellow‐colored crystals consist of a highly nonlinear optical 4‐(4‐hydroxystyryl)‐1‐methylpyridinium (OHP) cation, with a relatively short wavelength of maximal absorption at 390 nm in solution, and various halogen‐substituted benzenesulfonate anions, with strong secondary‐bonding ability. OHP 4‐chlorobenzenesulfonate (OHP‐CBS) crystals exhibit large off‐resonant macroscopic optical nonlinearity and high transparency, with a cut‐off wavelength for solid‐state absorption near 490 nm. OHP‐CBS crystals provide excellent THz wave generation characteristics based on optical rectification. A 0.53 mm thick OHP‐CBS crystal delivers ≈27 times higher optical‐to‐THz conversion efficiency and a much broader spectrum bandwidth compared with the standard 1.0 mm thick ZnTe at 1300 nm pumping. Particularly, compared with a benchmark organic quinolinium crystal with a similar thickness of 0.55 mm, OHP‐CBS crystals exhibit 1.7 times higher optical‐to‐THz conversion efficiency, and show a significantly different THz spectral shape.
Off/On Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Tunable High‐Temperature Threshold Sensing
Authors: Julià López Alex , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Landfester Katharina , Bannwarth Markus B. , Roscini Claudio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, a versatile threshold temperature sensor based on the glass transition temperature‐triggered fluorescence activation of a dye/developer duo, encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles is reported. The emission enhancement, detectable even by unaided eye is completed within a narrow temperature range and activates at adjustable threshold temperatures up to 200 °C. Fluorescence is chosen as sensing probe due to its high detection sensitivity together with an advanced spatial and temporal resolution. The strategy is based on nanoparticles prepared from standard thermoplastic polymers, a fluorescence developer, and the commercially available Rhodamine B base dye, a well‐known and widely used fluorescent molecule. By making nanoparticles of different thermoplastic polymers, fast, abrupt, and irreversible disaggregation induced fluorescence enhancement, with tunable threshold temperature depending on the nanoparticles polymer glass transition is achieved. As a proof‐of‐concept for the versatility of this novel family of NPs, their use for sensing the thermal history of environments and surfaces exposed to the threshold temperature is showed.
Microstructure Evolution of Concentration Gradient Li[Ni0.75Co0.10Mn0.15]O2 Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yoon Chong S. , Kim Suk Jun , Kim Un‐Hyuck , Park Kang‐Joon , Ryu Hoon‐Hee , Kim Hee‐Soo , Sun Yang‐Kook 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDetailed analysis of the microstructural changes during lithiation of a full‐concentration‐gradient (FCG) cathode with an average composition of Li[Ni0.75Co0.10Mn0.15]O2 is performed starting from its hydroxide precursor, FCG [Ni0.75Co0.10Mn0.15](OH)2 prior to lithiation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that a unique rod‐shaped primary particle morphology and radial crystallographic texture are present in the prelithiation stage. In addition, TEM detected a two‐phase structure consisting of MnOOH and Ni(OH)2, and crystallographic twins of MnOOH on the Mn‐rich precursor surface. The formation of numerous twins is driven by the lattice mismatch between MnOOH and Ni(OH)2. Furthermore, the twins persist in the lithiated cathode; however, their density decrease with increasing lithiation temperature. Cation disordering, which influences cathode performance, is observed to continuously decrease with increasing lithiation temperature with a minimum observed at 790 °C. Consequently, lithiation at 790 °C (for 10 h) produced optimal discharge capacity and cycling stability. Above 790 °C, an increase in cation disordering and excessive coarsening of the primary particles lead to the deterioration of electrochemical properties. The twins in the FCG cathode precursor may promote the optimal primary particle morphology by retarding the random coalescence of primary particles during lithiation, effectively preserving both the morphology and crystallographic texture of the precursor.
Defect Restoration of Low‐Temperature Sol‐Gel‐Derived ZnO via Sulfur Doping for Advancing Polymeric Schottky Photodiodes
Authors: Kim Kyounghwan , Sim Kyu Min , Yoon Seongwon , Jang Min Su , Chung Dae Sung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study shows that the deep‐level defect states in sol‐gel‐derived ZnO can be efficiently restored by facile sulfur doping chemistry, wherein the +2 charged oxygen vacancies are filled with the S2− ions brought by thiocyanate. By fabricating a solution‐processed polymeric Schottky diode with ITO/ZnO as the cathode, the synergetic effects of such defect‐restored ZnO electron selective layers are demonstrated. The decreased chemical defects and thus reduced mid‐gap states enable to not only enlarge the effective built‐in potential, which can expand the width of the depletion region, but also increase the Schottky energy barrier, which can reduce undesired dark‐current injection. As a result, the demonstrated simple‐structure blue‐selective polymeric Schottky photodiode renders near‐ideal diode operation with an ideality factor of 1.18, a noise equivalent power of 1.25 × 10−14 W Hz−1/2, and a high peak detectivity of 2.4 × 1013 Jones. In addition, the chemical robustness of sulfur‐doped ZnO enables exceptional device stability against air exposure as well as device‐to‐device reproducibility. Therefore, this work opens the possibility of utilizing low‐temperature sol‐gel‐derived ZnO in realizing high‐performance, stable, and reliable organic photodiodes that could be employed in the design of practical image sensors.
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Halide Perovskites for Memories, Transistors, and Artificial Synapses
Authors: Choi Jaeho , Han Ji Su , Hong Kootak , Kim Soo Young , Jang Ho Won 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFascinating characteristics of halide perovskites (HPs), which cannot be seen in conventional semiconductors and metal oxides, have boosted the application of HPs in electronic devices beyond optoelectronics such as solar cells, photodetectors, and light‐emitting diodes. Here, recent advances in HP‐based memory and logic devices such as resistive‐switching memories (i.e., resistive random access memory (RRAM) or memristors), transistors, and artificial synapses are reviewed, focusing on inherently exotic properties of HPs: i) tunable bandgap, ii) facile majority carrier control, iii) fast ion migration, and iv) superflexibility. Various fabrication techniques of HP thin films from solution‐based methods to vacuum processes are introduced. Up‐to‐date work in the field, emphasizing the compositional flexibility of HPs, suggest that HPs are promising candidates for next‐generation electronic devices. Taking advantages of their unique electrical properties, low‐cost and low‐temperature synthesis, and compositional and mechanical flexibility, HPs have enormous potential to provide a new platform for future electronic devices and explosively intensive studies will pave the way in finding new HP materials beyond conventional silicon‐based semiconductors to keep up with “More‐than‐Moore” times.