bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcite moonmilk of microbial origin in the Etruscan Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy
Authors: Cirigliano Angela , Tomassetti Maria Cristina , Di Pietro Marta , Mura Francesco , Maneschi Maria Lorella , Gentili Maria Donatella , Cardazzo Barbara , Arrighi Chiara , Mazzoni Cristina , Negri Rodolfo , Rinaldi Teresa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA white deposit covering the walls in the Stanza degli Scudi of the Tomba degli Scudi, Tarquinia, Italy, has been investigated. In this chamber, which is still preserved from any kind of intervention such as cleaning and sanitization, ancient Etruscans painted shields to celebrate the military power of the Velcha family. Scanning electron microscopy analysis has revealed the presence of characteristic nanostructures corresponding to a calcite secondary mineral deposit called moonmilk. Analysis of the microbial community identified Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria as the most common phyla in strong association with the moonmilk needle fibre calcite and nanofibers of calcium carbonate. Employing classical microbiological analysis, we isolated from moonmilk a Streptomyces strain able to deposit gypsum and calcium carbonate on plates, supporting the hypothesis of an essential contribution of microorganisms to the formation of moonmilk.
NADPH oxidase NOX4 is a glycolytic regulator through mROS-HIF1α axis in thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Tang Ping , Dang Hao , Huang Jie , Xu Tao , Yuan Ping , Hu Jun , Sheng Jian-feng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe function of the NAD(P)H oxidases (NOXs) family member NOX4 is to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), however, the molecular function of NOX4 has not been fully studied and waiting to be clarified. To elucidate the function of endogenous Nox4 in human thyroid carcinomas, papillomatosis thyroid cancer cells were used to study the cell growth by knocking down the expression of NOX4 and knocking out its functional partner p22phox/CYBA. As a result, the increasement of mitochondrial ROS(mROS) was abolished due to both knockdown of NOX4 and p22phox knockout in hypoxia, which destabilized HIF1α decreasing glycolysis and retarded cell growth. These data suggests that Nox4 is potent oncotarget due to its role in regulating glycolysis through mROS-HIF1α pathway, thereby mediating proliferation in thyroid carcinomas.
Improving the electron spin properties of nitrogen-vacancy centres in nanodiamonds by near-field etching
Authors: Brandenburg F. , Nagumo R. , Saichi K. , Tahara K. , Iwasaki T. , Hatano M. , Jelezko F. , Igarashi R. , Yatsui T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond is a promising candidate for quantum computing applications and magnetic sensing applications, because it is an atomic-scale defect with stable coherence time (T2) and reliable accessibility at room temperature. We demonstrated a method for improving the NV spin properties (the full width half maximum (FWHM) value of the magnetic resonance spectrum and T2) through a near-field (NF) etching method under ambient conditions. The NF etching method, based on a He-Cd ultraviolet laser (325 nm), which is longer than the absorption edge of the oxygen molecule, enabled selective removal of defects on the nanodiamond surface. We observed a decrease in the FWHM value close to 15% and an increase in T2 close to 25%. Since our technique can be easily reproduced, a wide range of NV centre applications could be improved, especially magnetic sensing applications. Our results are especially attractive, because they have been obtained under ambient conditions and only require a light source with wavelength slightly above the O2 absorption edge.
Transcriptomic and functional network features of lung squamous cell carcinoma through integrative analysis of GEO and TCGA data
Authors: Li Yin , Gu Jie , Xu Fengkai , Zhu Qiaoliang , Ge Di , Lu Chunlai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is associated with poor clinical prognosis and lacks available targeted therapy. Novel molecules are urgently required for the diagnosis and prognosis of LUSC. Here, we conducted our data mining analysis for LUSC by integrating the differentially expressed genes acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database by comparing tumor tissues versus normal tissues (GSE8569, GSE21933, GSE33479, GSE33532, GSE40275, GSE62113, GSE74706) into The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database which includes 502 tumors and 49 adjacent non-tumor lung tissues. We identified intersections of 129 genes (91 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated) between GEO data and TCGA data. Based on these genes, we conducted our downstream analysis including functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and survival analysis. This study may provide more insight into the transcriptomic and functional features of LUSC through integrative analysis of GEO and TCGA data and suggests therapeutic targets and biomarkers for LUSC.
Predicting malignant progression in clinically high-risk lesions by DNA ploidy analysis and dysplasia grading
Authors: Zaini Zuraiza Mohamad , McParland Helen , Møller Henrik , Husband Kate , Odell Edward W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe value of image cytometry DNA ploidy analysis and dysplasia grading to predict malignant transformation has been determined in oral lesions considered to be at ‘high’ risk on the basis of clinical information and biopsy result. 10-year follow up data for 259 sequential patients with oral lesions clinically at ‘high’ risk of malignant transformation were matched to cancer registry and local pathology database records of malignant outcomes, ploidy result and histological dysplasia grade. In multivariate analysis (n = 228 patients), 24 developed carcinoma and of these, 14 prior biopsy samples were aneuploid. Aneuploidy was a significant predictor (hazard ratio 7.92; 95% CI 3.45, 18.17) compared with diploidy (p < 0.001). The positive predictive value (PPV) for severe dysplasia was 50% (95% CI 31.5, 68.5) and for aneuploid lesions, 33.3% (95% CI 19.0, 47.6). Combined DNA aneuploidy and severe dysplasia increased PPV to 56.3% (95% CI 31.9, 80.6). Diploid-tetraploid and non-dysplastic status had high negative predictive values (NPV) of 94.6% (95% CI 91.4, 97.8) and 99.17% (95% CI 97.4, 100.8) respectively. DNA ploidy predicts malignant transformation well and combining it with dysplasia grading gave the highest predictive value. The predictive values reported here exceed those from other investigations to date.
Liberation of recalcitrant cell wall sugars from oak barrels into bourbon whiskey during aging
Authors: Gollihue Jarrad , Richmond Mitchell , Wheatley Harlen , Pook Victoria G. , Nair Meera , Kagan Isabelle A. , DeBolt Seth 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOak barrels have been used by humans for thousands of years to store and transport valuable materials. Early settlers of the United States in Kentucky began charring the interior of new white oak barrels prior to aging distillate to create the distinctively flavored spirit we know as bourbon whiskey. Despite the unique flavor and cultural significance of “America’s Spirit”, little is known about the wood-distillate interaction that shapes bourbon whiskey. Here, we employed an inverse method to measure the loss of specific wood polysaccharides in the oak cask during aging for up to ten years. We found that the structural cell wall wood biopolymer, cellulose, was partially decrystallized by the charring process. This pyrolytic fracturing and subsequent exposure to the distillate was accompanied by a steady loss of sugars from the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions of the oak cask. Distinct layers of structural degradation and product release from within the barrel stave are formed over time as the distillate expands into and contracts from the barrel staves. This complex, wood-sugar release process is likely associated with the time-dependent generation of the unique palate of bourbon whiskey.
Rhythmic fluctuations of saccadic reaction time arising from visual competition
Authors: Chota Samson , Luo Canhuang , Crouzet Sébastien M. , Boyer Léa , Kienitz Ricardo , Schmid Michael Christoph , VanRullen Rufin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent research indicates that attentional stimulus selection could be a rhythmic process. In monkey, neurons in V4 and IT exhibit rhythmic spiking activity in the theta range in response to a stimulus. When two stimuli are presented together, the rhythmic neuronal responses to each occur in anti-phase, a result indicative of competitive interactions. In addition, it was recently demonstrated that these alternating oscillations in monkey V4 modulate the speed of saccadic responses to a target flashed on one of the two competing stimuli. Here, we replicate a similar behavioral task in humans (7 participants, each performed 4000 trials) and report a pattern of results consistent with the monkey findings: saccadic response times fluctuate in the theta range (6 Hz), with opposite phase for targets flashed on distinct competing stimuli.
Endothelial cells release cardioprotective exosomes that may contribute to ischaemic preconditioning
Authors: Davidson Sean M. , Riquelme Jaime A. , Zheng Ying , Vicencio Jose M. , Lavandero Sergio , Yellon Derek M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that carry proteins and miRNAs and can transmit signals between cells. We hypothesized that exosomes from endothelial cells can transmit protective signals to cardiomyocytes. Co-culture of primary adult rat cardiomyocytes with normoxic HUVEC cells separated by a cell-impermeable membrane reduced the percentage of cardiomyocyte death following simulated ischaemia and reperfusion (sIR) from 80 ± 11% to 51 ± 4% (P < 0.05; N = 5). When EVs were removed from the HUVEC-conditioned medium it was no longer protective. Exosomes were purified from HUVEC-conditioned medium using differential centrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. Pre-incubation of cardiomyocytes with HUVEC exosomes reduced the percentage of cell death after sIR from 88 ± 4% to 55 ± 3% (P < 0.05; N = 3). This protection required ERK1/2 activity as it was prevented by inhibitors PD98059 and U0126. Ischaemic preconditioning caused about ~3-fold higher rate of exosome production from HUVEC and from isolated, perfused rat hearts. This increase resulted in significantly greater protection against sIR in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, exosomes released from endothelial cells can confer resistance to sIR injury in cardiomyocytes via the activation of the ERK1/2 MAPK signalling pathway, and may contribute to IPC.
Rates of Typical Disfluency in the Conversational Speech of 30-Month-Old Spanish–English Simultaneous Bilinguals
Authors: Brundage Shelley B. , Rowe Hannah 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the typical disfluency rates at 30 months old in a large group of simultaneous bilingual children and also investigate the relationships between disfluency rates and linguistic complexity (mean length of utterance in words [MLU-W]), vocabulary diversity (VocD), and speaking rate (utterances per unit time).

Method
Fifty-three typically developing children who had been exposed to Spanish and English from birth participated in this descriptive study. The average percent input at home was 46% in English and 54% in Spanish. Outside the home, the children averaged 9 hr of exposure per week in each language. Spontaneous speech samples in both languages were obtained during play sessions between the children and a parent.

Results
Nonparametric tests revealed a significant difference in typical disfluency rates across languages, with more children being disfluent in English and with a larger range of disfluency rates in English. The effect size for this difference was small. The children had significantly higher MLU-W in English; there were no differences in VocD or speaking rate between the 2 languages. Typical disfluency rate in Spanish was not significantly correlated with MLU-W, VocD, or speaking rate. Typical disfluency rates in English were correlated with MLU-W and VocD, but not with speaking rate.

Conclusion
This article described the typical disfluency rates of a large group of simultaneous Spanish–English bilingual children at 30 months of age. The typical disfluency rates reported here are lower than those reported in the literature for monolingual children of similar ages. Clinical implications of these findings are addressed.
The Role of Narratives in the Development of Stuttering as a Problem
Authors: O'Dwyer Mary , Walsh Irene P. , Leahy Margaret M. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeNarratives are how people make sense of experiences and give meaning to their lives (Bruner, 1990). Use of narrative therapy (White, 2007) with people who stutter to facilitate the development of preferred stories (as opposed to problem-based stories) has been documented in the literature (Logan, 2013; Ryan, O'Dwyer, & Leahy, 2015). The purpose of this research was to explore the role of narratives in the development of stuttering as a problem for people who stutter. This research sought to describe how these narratives develop and to identify the factors that influence this development.MethodNarratives from 6 men who stutter were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the “Listening Guide” (Brown & Gilligan, 1992). This is a voice-centered relational method.ResultsFindings indicate interaction between participants' narratives about stuttering and their wider self-narratives. Influencing factors identified include relationships, thoughts and feelings, and the dominant stories about stuttering in relevant social structures. An individual's consciousness of these influences was found to be integral to change in their narratives.ConclusionsThe findings point to the importance of considering the environment, including significant relationships and social structures, in our understanding of stuttering. They also provide insights regarding intrapersonal and interpersonal processes, which can influence the development of stuttering or pave the way to stuttering becoming less problematic for the person who stutters.
Synchronized Pedaling with Martial Arts Improves Quality of Life of Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Navarro-Sanz Ana , Espejo-Reina Alejandro , Cerezo-Guzman Maria , Fernandez-Ortega Juan , Meza-Leiva Hector , Conejo-Tirado Inmaculada , Santiago-Sanchez Clara 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhysical exercise improves the physical condition of women who have been undergone surgery for breast cancer. This study evaluated the effect of a new martial arts program that combined aerobic endurance and muscle strength exercises on improving upper limb function and aerobic performance of women who have undergone breast cancer surgery. Fifty-three women who had previously undergone breast cancer surgery with axillary lymph node dissection, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy participated in the twelve-week program. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups; a study group (28 participants) in which participants carried out a synchronized pedaling with martial arts routine of 2 sessions per week, and a control group (22 participants) who received usual care. Study group participants demonstrated a significant increase in right hand and quadriceps strength, maximum oxygen consumption, max power-to-weight ratio, muscle mass percentage and a decrease in fat mass percentage (p≤0.05). A controlled training system like synchronized pedaling with martial arts, which combines aerobic and strength exercises, appears suitable for improving the muscle strength and aerobic capacity of these breast cancer participants.
B-Mode Transorbital Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lochner Piergiorgio , Fassbender Klaus , Knodel Sophia , Andrejewski Anika , Lesmeister Martin , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Nardone Raffaele , Brigo Francesco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), transorbital sonography (TOS) may reveal an enlargement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and the presence of optic disc elevation (ODE), as a sign of an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP). We systematically reviewed the TOS findings in adults with IIH. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CENTRAL (1966 – May 2017) were searched to identify studies reporting data on patients with IIH assessed by B mode-TOS. Data were extracted and included in a meta-analysis, and the quality of the included studies was evaluated. 5 studies with 96 patients were included. The values of ODE were 0.8 – 1.2 mm and ONSD was 6.2 – 6.76 mm in IIH patients vs. 4.3 – 5.7 mm in controls. In IIH patients the ONSD was significantly higher compared to controls (overall weighted mean difference of 1.3 mm (95 % CI: 0.6 – 1.9 mm)). The meta-analysis of proportion of papilledema based on results of three studies revealed a pooled estimator of 87 % (95 % CI: 76 – 94 %). IIH patients have higher ONSD values and higher frequency of ODE compared to controls. The indirect, noninvasive ICP assessment using TOS may be useful in supporting the clinical diagnosis of IIH in adults by detecting increased ONSD values and the presence of ODE.
Wie uns die digitale Welt beeinflusst
Authors: Busch Volker 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungPD Dr. med. habil. Volker Busch ist Neurowissenschaftler und Facharzt für Neurologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Er ist an der Klinik für Psychiatrie und
Psychotherapie an der Universität Regensburg tätig. Dort leitet er neben seiner klinischen Tätigkeit die Arbeitsgruppe Psychosoziale Stress- und
Schmerzforschung. Daneben vermittelt er als Speaker sowie in Trainings und Seminaren Methoden zur Gesundheitsprävention, Leistungserhaltung, Motivation und
Inspiration in Beruf und Alltag.Warum das Gehirn bei komplexen Entscheidungen auf einfache Heuristiken zurückgreift, die Intuition unverzichtbar bleiben wird und wie wir sie schulen können,
berichtet Volker Busch im Interview.
Entrepreneurial Strategies to Seek Venture Capital Funding
Authors: Jalalabadi Faryan , Grome Luke , Shahrestani Navid , Izaddoost Shayan , Reece Edward 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInnovation is vital for progress in any industry. Evolving technology, paired with human ingenuity, brings ideas for prototypes and business models. Many physicians conceptualize platforms to serve their patients; however, many struggle and ultimately fail to bring their product or service to market. Financing is often the limiting factor. Studies have proven venture capital (VC) funding to be a pivotal source for helping a business survive in its early stages. Plastic surgeons can benefit from learning how to seek out VC funding. In this presentation, common terminology and key players will be defined, from seed capital to angel investors. Doing recommended “homework” will help the plastic surgeon identify a financier tailored to their specific needs—ideally one with a focus in the medical space. A clear-cut approach to assembling a “pitch deck” presentation will be outlined to prepare the plastic surgeon for their first meeting. Insider pearls will be presented from the VC perspective. The plastic surgeon should be prepared to answer fundamental questions expected at different stages of the process. Nevertheless, each meeting also serves as an opportunity for the plastic surgeon to probe the VC firm and their intentions. The role of background checks, social media, and electronic profiles will be discussed. Transparency from both parties at all times can help establish a successful relationship, even if it ends in a referral to a better suited VC firm. Between January and September of 2017, $12.1 billion of seed and VC was invested into life science companies in the United States. Growth is exponential. The surgeon is at the frontier of developing ideas and cutting-edge products that help us serve our patients with enhanced care and improved outcomes. In seeking out the proper financier, your product or service can become a reality in the market, contributing to the betterment of medicine and plastic surgery.
Philosophy of religion and the big questions
Authors: Neville Robert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhether philosophy of religion can have a robust future depends on whether it can develop forms that address the Big Questions of religion. I define religion heuristically, for the purposes of philosophy of religion, as the engagement of ultimate realities, and ultimate dimensions of experience, in cognitive, existential, and practical ways. This requires setting philosophy of religion within a larger scale of philosophy that can deal with ultimates, how they are known, and how such philosophy can defend itself against attacks against the possibility of philosophies of ultimate reality. Philosophy of religion is interesting only if it can say, with good arguments, whether we get ultimate realities right when engaging them. The threats to the future of philosophy of religion come from those forms of the discipline that talk only about how to talk about religion or that only describe religious experience without giving a critical normative account of what is experienced as ultimate. The key to advocating philosophy of religion that addresses the Big Questions is showing that it is plausible and possible to have a philosophy of ultimates. The bulk of this article proposes such a philosophy as a plausible hypothesis. Even if this hypothesis about ultimates is rejected in the long run, that will only be by the presentation of a better hypothesis about ultimates. The paideia for philosophy of religion dealing with the Big Questions is discussed, as is the development of an interested audience for such philosophy of religion.
Deep neural network improves fracture detection by clinicians
Authors: Lindsey Robert , Daluiski Aaron , Chopra Sumit , Lachapelle Alexander , Mozer Michael , Sicular Serge , Hanel Douglas , Gardner Michael , Gupta Anurag , Hotchkiss Robert , Potter Hollis 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Historically, computer-assisted detection (CAD) in radiology has failed to achieve improvements in diagnostic accuracy, decreasing clinician sensitivity and leading to unnecessary further diagnostic tests. With the advent of deep learning approaches to CAD, there is great excitement about its application to medicine, yet there is little evidence demonstrating improved diagnostic accuracy in clinically-relevant applications. We trained a deep learning model to detect fractures on radiographs with a diagnostic accuracy similar to that of senior subspecialized orthopedic surgeons. We demonstrate that when emergency medicine clinicians are provided with the assistance of the trained model, their ability to accurately detect fractures significantly improves.
Remote subsurface ocean temperature as a predictor of Atlantic hurricane activity
Authors: Scoccimarro Enrico , Bellucci Alessio , Storto Andrea , Gualdi Silvio , Masina Simona , Navarra Antonio 
Published: October 2018

Significance
A nonlocal effect associated with eastern Atlantic Ocean temperature provides additional predictive skill of tropical cyclone activity when compared with the well-known local modulation effect associated with sea surface temperature. The most active tropical cyclone seasons occur for lower than normal wind shear conditions and less intense trade winds, which are associated with higher eastern Atlantic sea surface temperature. A significant step toward operationally reliable predictions of tropical cyclone activity is gained after including upper ocean mean temperatures (upper 40-m averages) over the eastern Atlantic domain with remote effects providing potential skill up to 3 months in advance.