bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Electronarcosis as a Tool for Collection of Biological Data from Adult Steelhead
Authors: Haukenes Alf , Bumgarner Joseph , Sandford Benjamin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We evaluated electronarcosis (EN) as an alternative to traditional techniques for immobilizing adult steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss during trapping efforts designed to collect broodstock for hatchery operations and while gathering data for a variety of management and research activities. We compared the rates of fish injury, adult prespawn mortality, embryo survival, and spawner handling efficiency between EN and standard operating procedures with and without chemical anesthetics. Similar rates of injury occurred in adult steelhead when EN and tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) were used to immobilize fish. Similar rates of mortality were observed for developing embryos from parents treated with EN or MS-222. In comparisons between EN and a V-trough (VT) without anesthetic, the use of an EN chamber allowed for scale sampling procedures to be completed faster than when VTs were used. Fish sex and handling treatment contributed significantly to the models describing survival distribution of steelhead handled using EN or VT without anesthetic. A lower mortality rate was observed in females treated with EN than in females subjected to the VT treatment. These data support the further use and evaluation of EN for steelhead when collecting data, biological samples, or broodstock in field or hatchery settings.
Electron Energy‐Loss Spectroscopy of Spatial Nonlocality and Quantum Tunneling Effects in the Bright and Dark Plasmon Modes of Gold Nanosphere Dimers
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Cai Xiangbin , Yu Xiang , Carregal‐Romero Susana , Parak Wolfgang J. , Sachan Ritesh , Cai Yuan , Wang Ning , Zhu Ye , Lei Dang Yuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHerein, a theoretical and experimental electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) study on gold nanosphere dimers is presented, with interparticle distance d of the dimers varying from 10 nm to a few angstroms. Injecting an electron beam at the edge or the gap of the dimers excites their longitudinal bonding dipolar mode (BDM) or antibonding dipolar mode (ADM), respectively. Together with comprehensive EELS calculations within the frameworks of a classical local model, a hydrodynamic nonlocal model, and a quantum‐corrected model (QCM), it is revealed that spatial nonlocality and electron tunneling have distinctively different effects on the plasmonic properties of BDM and ADM, such as resonant energy and intensity variation. Specifically, the spatial nonlocality effect blue‐shifts the BDM energy and decreases its EELS intensity at d < 3 nm compared to the classical local results, while the electron tunneling effect induces a much weaker charge transfer mode (CTM) at d < 0.3 nm. However, both effects have little impact on the ADM energy though they indeed affect its EELS intensity in dramatically different manners. The experimental EELS spectra measured at varied gap size are qualitatively consistent with the numerical calculations. These results may contribute to further understanding of quantum mechanical effects in different kinds of hybridized plasmon modes in strongly coupled metallic nanostructures.
Non‐Equilibrium Bose–Einstein‐Like Condensation
Authors: Rodrigues Clóves G. , Vannucchi Fabio S. , Luzzi Roberto 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe original Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) was theoretically established in the 1920s, for the case of an ideal gas of boson particles (a consequence of the symmetry of the wave function). In the 1990s, it was realized in systems of atomic alkali gases. At the beginning of the 21st century, investigators considered its emergence in solid‐state matter, and a BEC‐like phenomenon was observed in the case of bosonic quasiparticles (elementary excitations in solids). Both types of BEC can occur in a condensation in conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium. A third type of what has been dubbed a BEC in non‐equilibrium conditions can occur in systems of bosonic quasiparticles (phonons, magnons, excitons); this phenomenon (which can be considered as cases of systems with complex behavior) follows after a certain threshold of intensity of an external pumping source is achieved. In this review, after brief comments on the two types of BEC in equilibrium, a description is presented on how a BEC‐like phenomenon arises in systems of quasiparticles that are driven away from thermodynamic equilibrium, and several examples are described. This description is given within a unique theoretical framework, and a comparison with experimental results is performed; in addition, the possible technological applications are outlined.
Characterization of glycopeptides using a stepped higher‐energy C‐trap dissociation approach on a hybrid quadrupole orbitrap
Authors: Yang Hong , Yang Chenxi , Sun Taolei 
Published: June 2018

RationaleAccurate characterization of glycopeptides without a prior glycan cleavage could provide valuable information on site‐specific glycosylation, which is critical to reveal the biological functions of protein glycosylation. However, due to the distinct nature of oligosaccharides and ploypeptides, it is usually difficult to effectively fragment glycopeptides in mass spectrometry analysis.MethodsHere we applied a stepped normalized collisional energy (NCE) approach, which is able to combine fragment ions from three different collision energies, in a hybrid quadrupole orbitrap (Q Exactive Plus) to characterize glycopeptides. A systematic evaluation was firstly performed to find optimal NCE values for the fragmentation of glycan chains and peptide backbones from glycopeptides. Guided by the results of the systematic evaluation, the stepped NCE method was optimized and employed to analyze glycopeptides enriched from human serum.ResultsThe stepped NCE approach was found to effectively fragment both the glycan chains and peptide backbones from glycopeptides and record these fragments in a single MS/MS spectrum. In comparison with the regular HCD methods, the stepped NCE method identified more glycopeptides with higher scores from human serum samples.ConclusionsOur studies demonstrate the capability of stepped NCE for the effective characterization of glycopeptides on a large scale.
In Situ treatment of PFAS‐impacted groundwater using colloidal activated Carbon
Authors: McGregor Rick 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPoly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been identified by many regulatory agencies as contaminants of concern within the environment. In recent years, regulatory authorities have established a number of health‐based regulatory and evaluation criteria with groundwater PFAS concentrations typically being less than 50 nanograms per liter (ng/L). Subsurface studies suggest that PFAS compounds are recalcitrant and widespread in the environment. Traditionally, impacted groundwater is extracted and treated on the surface using media such as activated carbon and exchange resins. These treatment technologies are generally expensive, inefficient, and can take decades to reach treatment objectives. The application of in situ remedial technologies is common for a wide variety of contaminants of concern such as petroleum hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds; however, for PFASs, the technology is currently emerging. This study involved the application of colloidal activated carbon at a site in Canada where the PFASs perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were detected in groundwater at concentrations up to 3,260 ng/L and 1,450 ng/L, respectively. The shallow silty‐sand aquifer was anaerobic with an average linear groundwater velocity of approximately 2.6 meters per day. The colloidal activated carbon was applied using direct‐push technology and PFOA and PFOS concentrations below 30 ng/L were subsequently measured in groundwater samples over an 18‐month period. With the exception of perfluoroundecanoic acid, which was detected at 20 ng/L and perfluorooctanesulfonate which was detected at 40 ng/L after 18 months, all PFASs were below their respective method detection limits in all postinjection samples. Colloidal activated carbon was successfully distributed within the target zone of the impacted aquifer with the activated carbon being measured in cores up to 5 meters from the injection point. This case study suggests that colloidal activated carbon can be successfully applied to address low to moderate concentrations of PFASs within similar shallow anaerobic aquifers.
Deconstructing sustainability
Authors: Dragicevic Arnaud Z. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this work is to focus on the mathematical objects of which the embodiment of weak or strong sustainability is made up. Indeed, scholars and essayists have borrowed the geometrical representations of sustainability, with little regard to their nature, in order to back up and illustrate the logic of their propositions. For this reason, we study the underlying properties of Venn and concentric diagrams. Given the complex, sometimes even inconsistent, interpretations of weak and strong pathways leading to sustainable development, analyzing the latter from the perspective of its visuals, through objects such as sets and hypergraphs, enables us to dig out invisible connections and contrasts between the underlying structures.
Population‐based trends in invasive prenatal diagnosis for ultrasound‐based indications: two decades of change from 1994 to 2016
Authors: Lostchuck E. , Poulton A. , Halliday J. , Hui L. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess trends in ultrasound‐indicated prenatal diagnostic testing performed over the past two decades in the Australian state of Victoria, in the context of rapidly changing practices in aneuploidy screening and chromosome analysis.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of all ultrasound‐indicated prenatal diagnostic testing (amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling) performed in the state of Victoria between 1994 and 2016. Ultrasound indications for testing included: fetal structural abnormality, fetal death, fetal growth restriction, abnormal amniotic fluid volume, genetic ‘soft marker’ and unspecified ultrasound abnormality. Maternal age, indication for testing, type of diagnostic procedure, gestational age, type of chromosome analysis (G‐banded karyotyping or chromosomal microarray (CMA)) and test results were obtained. Diagnostic yield (i.e. percentage of tests yielding a major abnormality) was analyzed by year, maternal age and gestational age. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 tests for trend or difference in proportions, as appropriate.ResultsDuring the 23‐year study period, 1 533 317 births were recorded and 16 152 diagnostic procedures were performed for the primary indication of ultrasound abnormality. In recent years, ultrasound abnormality became the most common indication for prenatal invasive testing (29.4% of diagnostic tests between 2013 and 2016) due to a steep decline in testing for other indications such as positive result on combined first‐trimester screening or advanced maternal age alone. In 2016, over 95% of ultrasound‐indicated procedures were performed with CMA; among these, pathogenic copy number variant (CNV) was the most common (3.5%) abnormality detected, followed by trisomy 21 (2.8%). The diagnostic yield of ultrasound‐indicated tests performed < 16 weeks was significantly higher than that of tests performed after 20 weeks (31.5% vs 9.0%).ConclusionsUltrasound‐indicated invasive testing is contributing to prenatal diagnosis in new ways in the genomic era. A pathogenic CNV is now the most likely diagnosis after ultrasound‐indicated testing, rather than trisomy 21 or other whole‐chromosome aneuploidy. Despite steady improvements in first‐trimester screening for aneuploidy, the diagnostic yield of ultrasound‐indicated tests > 20 weeks has remained stable due to increased utilization of CMA. Procedures performed for structural abnormalities < 16 weeks continue to have the highest diagnostic yield, supporting the benefits of early fetal structural assessment at 11–13 weeks. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The Impact of Preoperative Hemoglobin Level on the Short‐Term Outcomes After Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Badawy Amr , Kaido Toshimi , Hammad Ahmed , Yagi Shintaro , Kamo Naoko , Yoshizawa Atsushi , Okajima Hideaki , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative anemia was reportedly associated with increased morbidity and mortality after various types of surgeries. However, its impact on the outcomes after liver transplantation has not been thoroughly investigated.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the clinical outcome of 216 consecutive adult patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation at our institute between January 2010 and June 2017 and stratified them according to the hemoglobin level before transplant. Risk factors for 90‐day patient mortality, especially infection‐related mortality and early graft loss, were evaluated.ResultsWe found that patients with preoperative hemoglobin below 10 g/dl required more intraoperative packed red blood cell transfusions (p = 0.002) and had significantly higher early 90‐day postoperative mortality rate (p = 0.007), particularly infection‐related mortality (p = 0.002), lower overall graft, and patient survival rates (p = 0.007, p = 0.013, respectively). Preoperative hemoglobin below 10 g/dl was an independent risk factor for increased post‐transplant 90‐day patient mortality (OR 2.92, p = 0.02), infection‐related mortality (OR 6.81, p = 0.02), and early graft loss (OR 3.26, p = 0.01).ConclusionPreoperative hemoglobin level below 10 g/dl is associated with poorer short‐term outcomes after liver transplantation and should be corrected preoperatively if possible through safe and effective treatment modalities.
Impacts of Anthropogenic Forcings and El Niño on Chinese Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Freychet N. , Sparrow S. , Tett S. F. B. , Mineter M. J. , Hegerl G. C. , Wallom D. C. H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the potential influences of anthropogenic forcings and natural variability on the risk of summer extreme temperatures over China. We use three multi-thousand-member ensemble simulations with different forcings (with or without anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosol emissions) to evaluate the human impact, and with sea surface temperature patterns from three different years around the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 2015/16 event (years 2014, 2015 and 2016) to evaluate the impact of natural variability. A generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is used to fit the ensemble results. Based on these model results, we find that, during the peak of ENSO (2015), daytime extreme temperatures are smaller over the central China region compared to a normal year (2014). During 2016, the risk of nighttime extreme temperatures is largely increased over the eastern coastal region. Both anomalies are of the same magnitude as the anthropogenic influence. Thus, ENSO can amplify or counterbalance (at a regional and annual scale) anthropogenic effects on extreme summer temperatures over China. Changes are mainly due to changes in the GEV location parameter. Thus, anomalies are due to a shift in the distributions and not to a change in temperature variability.
First-Trimester Contingent Screening for Trisomy 21 by Fetal Nuchal Translucency and Maternal Serum Biomarkers and Maternal Blood Cell-Free DNA Testing
Authors: Younesi Sarang , Savad Shahram , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Taheri-Amin Mohammad Mahdi , Saadati Pourandokht , Jamali Soudabeh , Balvayeh Payam , Delshad Saeed , Navidpour Fariba , Adiban Farzaneh , Amidi Saloomeh , Modarressi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnalysis of cell-free DNA in maternal blood has been proposed as a novel screening method for evaluation of aneuploidies. The higher performance of this technique in screening of trisomies compared to all currently available methods would lead to widespread use of this technique in clinical settings. In total, 1,066,829 singleton pregnancies referred to Nilou Clinical Laboratory were screened for chromosomal trisomies during a period of 12 years. First-trimester screening (FTS), Triple and Quad markers of second-trimester screening (STS) as well as integrated results have been obtained from 444,515, 34,984, 560,857 and 26,473 singleton pregnancies respectively. Non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) using cfDNA was applied in 3500 pregnant women. Risk cutoffs, detection rates (DRs) and false positive rates (FPRs) were assessed for combinations of screening strategies to identify the most efficient strategy for contingent cfDNA testing. Contingent screening including FTS and NIPT offer to 20% of cases would lead to detection of 98% of fetuses with trisomy 21 at a total invasive testing rate of 1.1%. Contingent screening including STS and NIPT offer to 9.0% of cases would lead to detection of 95.5% of fetuses with trisomy 21 at a total invasive testing rate of 4.5%. Contingent screening including FTS or STS and cfDNA testing are efficient strategies for screening of trisomy 21.
Volunteer First Responders for Optimizing Management of Mass Casualty Incidents
Authors: Yafe Eli , Walker Blake Byron , Amram Ofer , Schuurman Nadine , Randall Ellen , Friger Michael , Adini Bruria 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveRapid response to a trauma incident is vital for saving lives. However, in a mass casualty incident (MCI), there may not be enough resources (first responders and equipment) to adequately triage, prepare, and evacuate every injured person. To address this deficit, a Volunteer First Responder (VFR) program was established.MethodsThis paper describes the organizational structure and roles of the VFR program, outlines the geographical distribution of volunteers, and evaluates response times to 3 MCIs for both ambulance services and VFRs in 2000 and 2016.ResultsWhen mapped, the spatial distribution of VFRs and ambulance stations closely and deliberately reflects the population distribution of Israel. We found that VFRs were consistently first to arrive at the scene of an MCI and greatly increased the number of personnel available to assist with MCI management in urban, suburban, and rural settings.ConclusionsThe VFR program provides an important and effective life-saving resource to supplement emergency first response. Given the known importance of rapid response to trauma, VFRs likely contribute to reduced trauma mortality, although further research is needed in order to examine this question specifically. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:287–294)
The Emergence of Extramural Cemeteries in Neolithic Southeast Europe: A Formally Modeled Chronology for Cernica, Romania
Authors: Stratton Susan , Griffiths Seren , Kogălniceanu Raluca , Simalcsik Angela , Morintz Alexandru , Ştefan Cristian Eduard , Dumitraşcu Valentin , Bronk Ramsey Christopher , Nehlich Olaf , Beavan Nancy , Borić Dušan , Whittle Alasdair 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe emergence of separate cemeteries for disposal of the dead represents a profound shift in mortuary practice in the Late Neolithic of southeast Europe, with a new emphasis on the repeated use of a specific space distinct from, though still often close to, settlements. To help to time this shift more precisely, this paper presents 25 dates from 21 burials in the large cemetery at Cernica, in the Lower Danube valley in southern Romania, which are used to formally model the start, duration of use and end of the cemetery. A further six dates were obtained from four contexts for the nearby settlement. Careful consideration is given to the possibility of environmental and dietary offsets. The preferred model, without freshwater reservoir offsets, suggests that use of the Cernica cemetery probably began in5355–5220 cal BC (95% probability)and ended in5190–5080 cal BC (28% probability)or5070–4940 (67% probability). The implications of this result are discussed, including with reference to other cemeteries of similar age in the region, the nature of social relations being projected through mortuary ritual, and the incorporation of older, Mesolithic, ways of doing things into Late Neolithic mortuary practice.
Do inositol supplements enhance phosphatidylinositol supply and thus support endoplasmic reticulum function?
Authors: Michell Robert H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis review attempts to explain why consuming extramyoinositol (Ins), an essential component of membrane phospholipids, is often beneficial for patients with conditions characterised by insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. For decades we assumed that most human diets provide an adequate Ins supply, but newer evidence suggests that increasing Ins intake ameliorates several disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome, poor sperm development and retinopathy of prematurity. Proposed explanations often suggest functional enhancement of minor facets of Ins Biology such as insulin signalling through putative inositol-containing ‘mediators’, but offer no explanation for this selectivity. It is more likely that eating extra Ins corrects a deficiency of an abundant Ins-containing cell constituent, probably phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). Much of a cell’s PtdIns is in ER membranes, and an increase in ER membrane synthesis, enhancing the ER’s functional capacity, is often an important part of cell responses to ER stress. This review: (a) reinterprets historical information on Ins deficiency as describing a set of events involving a failure of cells adequately to adapt to ER stress; (b) proposes that in the conditions that respond to dietary Ins there is an overstretching of Ins reserves that limits the stressed ER’s ability to make the ‘extra’ PtdIns needed for ER membrane expansion; and (c) suggests that eating Ins supplements increases the Ins supply to Ins-deficient and ER-stressed cells, allowing them to make more PtdIns and to expand the ER membrane system and sustain ER functions.
Adequacy of nutritional intake during pregnancy in relation to prepregnancy BMI: results from the 3D Cohort Study
Authors: Dubois Lise , Diasparra Maikol , Bédard Brigitte , Colapinto Cynthia K. , Fontaine-Bisson Bénédicte , Tremblay Richard E. , Fraser William D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOur study compares adequacy of nutritional intakes among pregnant women with different prepregnancy BMI and explores associations between nutritional intakes during pregnancy and both prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG). We collected dietary information from a large cohort of pregnant Canadian women (n861) using a 3-d food record. We estimated usual dietary intakes of energy (E), macronutrients and micronutrients using the National Cancer Institute method. We also performed Pearson’s correlations between nutritional intakes and both prepregnancy BMI and GWG. In all BMI categories, intakes considered suboptimal (by comparison with estimated average requirements) were noted for Fe, vitamin D, folate, vitamin B6, Mg, Zn, Ca and vitamin A. Total fat intakes were above the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for 36 % of the women. A higher proportion of obese women had carbohydrate intakes (as %E) below the AMDR (v.normal-weight and overweight women; 19v.9 %) and Na intakes above the tolerable upper intake level (v.other BMI categories; 90v.77–78 %). In all BMI categories, median intakes of K and fibre were below adequate intake. Intakes of several nutrients (adjusted for energy) were correlated with BMI. Correlations were detected between energy-adjusted nutrient intakes and total GWG and were, for the most part, specific to certain BMI categories. Overweight and obese pregnant women appear to be the most nutritionally vulnerable. Nutrition interventions are needed to guide pregnant women toward their optimal GWG while also meeting their nutritional requirements.