bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of children in Greenland exceeds the World Health Organization growth charts
Authors: Kløvgaard Marius , Nielsen Nina Odgaard , Sørensen Thomas Lund , Bjerregaard Peter , Olsen Britta , Júlíusson Pétur Benedikt , Roelants Mathieu , Christesen Henrik Thybo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimPrevious studies have found high rates of stunted linear growth in Greenlandic children. We measured growth patterns in Greenland and compared them with international growth charts.MethodsThe study cohort comprised 279 healthy children aged 6–10 years in 2012. They participated in two pregnancy and birth cohorts in Greenland and longitudinal growth data as birth was extracted from their medical records. Growth reference ranges were estimated with the lambda‐mu‐sigma (LMS) method and compared with growth charts from Denmark and the World Health Organization (WHO).ResultsThe children's mean length, weight and head circumference were significantly larger than theWHOgrowth charts (p < 0.001). We found that 21–28% of the children aged zero to one years exceeded theWHOgrowth chart for length by more than two standard deviations. For weight and head circumference, 9–16% of the children aged 0–10 years and 9–11% of the children from zero to two years exceeded theWHOcharts by more than two standard deviations. The Danish references were exceeded to a lesser degree.ConclusionThis study showed that the growth of Greenlandic children up to 10 years was no longer stunted. Major determining factors suggested are genetic admixture, maternal overweight, changes in nutrition and improved health.
Tissue distribution, shedding and environmental detection of infectious bursal disease virus genome following infection of meat chickens at two ages
Authors: Jayasundara JMKGK , Walkden‐Brown SW , Islam AFMF , Katz ME , Renz KG 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection of commercial meat chickens at 0 and 16 days old (d.o.) and determine if IBDV vRNA is quantifiable in litter and dust samples.MethodsRoss meat chickens (n = 60) were orally infected or not with IBDV at 0 or 16 d.o. Blood and faecal samples were collected longitudinally to 28 days post infection (dpi) from six chickens and tissues collected weekly from three euthanased chickens. Relative bursal weight was recorded postmortem. IBDV antibody titres in sera were measured using ELISA and VCN was determined in tissues, faeces, litter and dust using qRT‐PCR.ResultsChickens infected at 16 d.o. had earlier and more severe bursal atrophy, earlier and higher IBDV vRNA load in lymphoid organs and an earlier and greater antibody response to infection than those infected at 0 d.o. Faecal shedding of IBDV between 2 and 6 dpi was observed in both groups followed by cessation with the 0 d.o. group and re‐initiation of shedding at 28 dpi. IBDV was readily detected and quantified in litter and dust samples.ConclusionsThe presence of significant maternal antibody (MAb) titres in 0 d.o. chickens provided protection against IBDV replication and bursal atrophy at 7 and 14 days post infection. The reduced titres of MAb present at 16 d.o. did not prevent rapid IBDV replication and early marked bursal atrophy. The observed resistance of 0 d.o. chickens is likely to be a combination of MAb inhibition of IBDV and true age resistance of neonatal chicks. Measurement of IBDV in litter and dust may have research or diagnostic application.
Germline mutations in Protection of Telomeres 1 in two families with Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: McMaster Mary L. , Sun Chongkui , Landi Maria  T. , Savage Sharon A. , Rotunno Melissa  , Yang  Xiaohong  R. , Jones Kristine , Vogt  Aurélie , Hutchinson Amy , Zhu Bin , Wang Mingyi , Hicks Belynda , Thirunavukarason Anand , Stewart  Douglas R. , Koutros Stella , Goldstein Alisa M. , Chanock Stephen J. , Caporaso Neil E. , Tucker  Margaret A. , Goldin Lynn R. , Liu Yie 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn a previous whole exome sequencing of patients from 41 families with Hodgkin lymphoma, we identified two families with distinct heterozygous rare coding variants in POT1 (D224N and Y36H), both in a highly conserved region of the gene. POT1 D224N mutant did not bind to a single‐stranded telomere oligonucleotide in vitro suggesting the mutation perturbs POT1's ability to bind to the telomeric G‐rich overhang. Human HT1080 cells expressing POT1 D224N and lymphoblastoid cells carrying Y36H both showed increased telomere length and fragility in comparison to wild type cells. This strongly suggests that mutant POT1 causes chromosome instability and may play a role in lymphomagenesis in these families.
Mortality after endophthalmitis following contemporary phacoemulsification cataract surgery
Authors: Crosby Niall , Polkinghorne Philip J , Kim Bia , McGhee Charles NJ , Welch Sarah , Riley Andrew 
Published: April 2018

AbstractImportanceTo determine if endophthalmitis following cataract surgery is linked to increased mortality.BackgroundIncreased mortality has been linked to patients with cataract and cataract surgery. We tested the hypothesis that post‐cataract endophthalmitis has a greater risk of death than pseudophakes who do not develop this complication.DesignCase–control study conducted in a tertiary public hospital.ParticipantsThe study group comprised 50 consecutive patients with post‐cataract endophthalmitis, and these were matched with selected controls.MethodsPatients with endophthalmitis following cataract surgery were identified from a prospective electronic surgical database. Subsequently, it was determined if the patient was deceased at the time of sequestration (September 2015), and the date of death was recorded. A previously described population who had undergone cataract surgery in the same facility was selected as a control group, and the population was case‐matched in terms age, gender, presence or absence of diabetes and/or hypertension.Main Outcome MeasuresThe median survival rates were determined for the control group and the patients with post‐cataract endophthalmitis.ResultsFifty patients were identified as undergoing endophthalmitis post‐cataract surgery, and 48 (n = 48) met inclusion criteria (mean age 72 years ±12 SD with 30:18 F:M); 17% were diabetic, and 50% had systemic hypertension. No statistically significant difference in median survival between the study and control cases was identified (100 months (95% confidence interval 86–114) vs. 106 months (95% confidence interval 66–146), respectively, P = 0.756).Conclusions and RelevancePost‐cataract endophthalmitis was not associated with an increased rate of mortality in this study.
New classification of maxillary sinus contours and its relation to sinus floor elevation surgery
Authors: Niu Lixuan , Wang Juan , Yu Huajie , Qiu Lixin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt is complicated to select an appropriate sinus floor elevation and the procedure for sinus floor elevation lacks of consensus. Sinus contour plays an important role in choosing a surgery approach. But there are still no published articles revealing the influence of sinus contours to sinus floor elevation surgery.PurposeWe propose a new classification depending on sinus contours from cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), analyze clinical characters of different types, and investigate the relationship between sinus contours and sinus floor elevation.Materials and MethodsWe divide sinus into five categories: narrow tapered, tapering, ovoid, square, and irregular. For the first four types, subtypes are classified into three categories: without recess, with buccal‐sinus‐recess (BSR), and with palate‐nasal‐recess (PNR). For irregular type, subtypes are classified into three categories: tooth protruding into sinus floor, irregular floor, and septa/exostosis on sinus floor. Then the distribution features of sinuses of 698 patients are described. Sinus widths are measured at second premolar, first and second molar on both sides, and are compared among different types and subtypes.ResultsNarrow tapered sinus occupies 88% at second premolar sites, while tapered sinus occupies almost 50% at first and second molar sites. At second premolar and first molar sites, 62% are without recess types. While 92% are without recess types at second molar. Sinuses with BSR present in only three of 3765 sites. There is an increasing trend of sinus width from narrow tapered to irregular type. Sinus width of the group with recesses is significantly higher than the one without recess. At the end, we provide corresponding treatment recommendations for each sinus types and subtypes.ConclusionThis is the first classification system that gives treatment recommendations for sinus floor elevation surgery based on sinus contours. The classification system is consistent, easy to visualize, and practicable.
Effect of hybridization with genome exclusion on extinction risk
Authors: Quilodrán Claudio S. , Currat Mathias , Montoya‐Burgos Juan I. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHuman‐induced habitat changes may lead to the breakdown of reproductive barriers between distantly related species. This phenomenon may result in fertile first‐generation hybrids (F1) that exclude the genome of one parental species during gametogenesis, thus disabling introgression. The species extinction risk associated with hybridization with genome exclusion is largely underappreciated because the phenomenon produces only F1 hybrid phenotype, leading to the misconception that hybrids are sterile and potentially of minor conservation concern. We used a simulation model that integrates the main genetic, demographic, and ecological processes to examine the dynamics of hybridization with genome exclusion. We showed that this mode of hybridization may lead to extremely rapid extinction when the process of genome exclusion is unbalanced between the interbreeding species and when the hybridization rate is not negligible. The coexistence of parental species was possible in some cases of asymmetrical genome exclusion, but show this equilibrium was highly vulnerable to environmental variation. Expanding the exclusive habitat of the species at risk allowed its persistence. Our results highlight the extent of possible extinction risk due to hybridization with genome exclusion and suggest habitat management as a promising conservation strategy. In anticipation of serious threats to biodiversity due to hybridization with genome exclusion, we recommend a detailed assessment of the reproductive status of hybrids in conservation programs. We suggest such assessments include the inspection of genetic content in hybrid gametes.
Hand eczema in nurses, nursing auxiliaries and cleaners—A cross‐sectional study from a tertiary hospital in western India
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev B. , Gupta Aayush , Shah Bhavika , Kothari Preeti , Darall Sweety , Boghara Dhara , Sonkar Sukhnandan , Deo Kirti 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundHealthcare workers have a high risk of developing hand eczema.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and severity of dermatologist‐determined hand eczema among healthcare workers, carry out patch testing, and correlate the findings with impairment in quality of life (QoL) and demographic and vocational factors.MethodsSeven hundred and ten healthcare workers (279 nurses, 246 cleaners, and 185 nursing auxiliaries) were screened for the presence of hand eczema. Severity of eczema was calculated with the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI), and QoL was measured with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Individuals with hand eczema were also patch tested.ResultsThe point and 1‐year prevalences of hand eczema were 7.2% and 18.9%, respectively. Hand eczema was significantly associated with atopic dermatitis. The mean HECSI score was 9.39; it was significantly higher in patients with atopic dermatitis and those with recurrent hand eczema. The mean DLQI score was 5.37. Cleaning staff had significantly greater impairment in QoL. HECSI and DLQI scores were positively correlated. Patch testing showed that thiuram mix, antibiotics and cleansers as sensitizers were over‐represented in healthcare workers as compared with controls.ConclusionsHand eczema was particularly common in hospital cleaners and staff with atopic dermatitis. Further studies are needed to address the burden of occupational hand eczema and develop guidelines for its management at a national level.
Resection with primary anastomosis vs nonrestorative resection for perforated diverticulitis with peritonitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gachabayov M. , Oberkofler C. E. , Tuech J. J. , Hahnloser D. , Bergamaschi R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimIt is still controversial whether the optimal operation for perforated diverticulitis with peritonitis is primary anastomosis (PRA) or nonrestorative resection (NRR). The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate mortality and morbidity rates following emergency resection for perforated diverticulitis with peritonitis and ostomy reversal, as well as ostomy nonreversal rates.MethodThe Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via Ovid, CINAHL and Web of Science databases were systematically searched. Mortality was the primary end‐point. A subgroup meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed in addition to a meta‐analysis of all eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean difference (MD) were calculated for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively.ResultsSeventeen studies, including three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), involving 1016 patients (392 PRA vs 624 NRR) were included. Overall, mortality was significantly lower in patients with PRA compared with patients with NRR [OR (95% CI) = 0.38 (0.24, 0.60), P < 0.0001]. Organ/space surgical site infection (SSI) [OR (95% CI) = 0.25 (0.10, 0.63), P = 0.003], reoperation [OR (95% CI) = 0.48 (0.25, 0.91), P = 0.02] and ostomy nonreversal rates [OR (95% CI) = 0.27 (0.09, 0.84), P = 0.02] were significantly decreased in PRA. In the RCTs, the mortality rate did not differ [OR (95% CI) = 0.46 (0.15, 1.38), P = 0.17]. The mean operating time for PRA was significantly longer than for NRR [MD (95% CI) = 19.96 (7.40, 32.52), P = 0.002]. Organ/space SSI [OR (95% CI) = 0.28 (0.09, 0.82), P = 0.02] was lower after PRA. Ostomy nonreversal rates were lower after PRA. The difference was not statistically significant [OR (95% CI) = 0.26 (0.06, 1.11), P = 0.07]. However, it was clinically significant [number needed to treat/harm (95% CI) = 5 (3.1, 8.9)].ConclusionThis meta‐analysis found that organ/space SSI rates as well as ostomy nonreversal rates were decreased in PRA at the cost of prolonging the operating time.
Transplantation of hepatitis C virus infected kidneys into hepatitis C virus uninfected recipients
Authors: Sise Meghan E. , Chute Donald F. , Gustafson Jenna L. , Wojciechowski David , Elias Nahel , Chung Raymond T. , Williams Winfred W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLong wait times for kidney transplant and the high risk of mortality on dialysis have prompted investigation into strategies to increase organ allocation and decrease discard rates of potentially viable kidneys. Organs from hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positive donors are often rejected; nearly 500 HCV‐infected kidneys are discarded annually in the United States. Due the opioid epidemic, the number of HCV‐infected donors has increased because of a rise in both new HCV infections and drug‐related deaths. In the past 5 years, HCV has been transformed into a curable illness with direct‐acting antiviral therapies (DAAs) that are effective in >95% of patients treated and are extremely well tolerated. Recent data has shown several direct‐acting antiviral combinations are safe and effective after kidney transplant, and can achieve the same high cure rate seen in the general population and without increasing the rate of acute rejection. Because of this, strategies to decrease discard of HCV‐infected organs have been devised. Two recent studies have transplanted HCV‐uninfected dialysis patients with kidneys from donors actively infected with HCV; recipients were treated with DAA in the peri‐transplant period. More research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of this approach, but it has the potential to dramatically increase the donor pool of available kidneys, shorten waitlist times and ultimately decreases mortality in patients waiting for kidney transplant.
Developmental performance of 5‐year‐old Bulgarian children—An example of translational neuroscience in practice
Authors: Yordanova Ralitsa , Ivanov Ivan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesDevelopmental testing is essential for early recognition of the various developmental impairments. The tools used should be composed of items that are age specific, adapted, and standardized for the population they are applied to. The achievements of neurosciences, medicine, psychology, pedagogy, etc. are applied in the elaboration of a comprehensive examination tool that should screen all major areas of development. The key age of 5 years permits identification of almost all major developmental disabilities leaving time for therapeutic intervention before school entrance.The aim of the research is to evaluate the developmental performance of 5‐year‐old Bulgarian children using the approach of translation neuroscience.MethodA comprehensive test program was developed composed of 89 items grouped in the following domains: fine and gross motor development, coordination and balance, central motor neuron disturbances, language development and articulation, perception, attention and behavior, visual acuity, and strabismus. The overall sample comprises 434 children of mean age 63.5 months (SD—3.7). Male to female ratio is 1:1.02. From this group, 390 children are between 60 and 71 months of age. The children are examined in 51 kindergartens in 21 villages and 18 cities randomly chosen in southern Bulgaria. Eight children were excluded from the final analysis because they fulfilled less than 50% of the test items (7 children did not cooperate and 1 child was with autistic spectrum disorder).ResultsThe items with abnormal response in less than 5% of the children are 43. The items with abnormal response in 6% to 35% of the children are 37. The items with high abnormal response (more than 35%) rate are only 9.ConclusionsThe test is an example of a translational approach in neuroscience. On one hand, it is based on the results of several sciences studying growth and development from different perspective. On the other hand, the results from the present research may be implemented in other fields of child development—education, psychology, speech and language therapy, and intervention programs.
Physiotherapy based on problem‐solving in upper limb function and neuroplasticity in chronic stroke patients: A case series
Authors: Carvalho Raquel , Azevedo Elsa , Marques Paulo , Dias Nuno , Cerqueira João José 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesUpper limb recovery is one of the main concerns of stroke neurorehabilitation. Neuroplasticity might underlie such recovery, particularly in the chronic phase. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of physiotherapy based on problem‐solving in recovering arm function in chronic stroke patients and explore its neuroplastic changes.MethodsA small sample research design with a n of 3 using a pre‐post test design was carried out. Neuroplasticity and function were assessed by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (during motor imagery and performance), action research arm test, motor assessment scale, and Fugl‐Meyer assessment scale, at 3 sequential time periods: baseline(m0—before a 4‐week period without physiotherapy), pre‐treatment(m1), and post‐treatment(m2). Minimal clinical important differences and a recovery score were assessed. Assessors were blinded to moment assignment. Patients1 underwent physiotherapy sessions, 50 minutes, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Four control subjects served as a reference for functional magnetic resonance imaging changes.ResultsAll patients recovered more than 20% after intervention. Stroke patients had similar increased areas as healthy subjects during motor execution but not during imagination at baseline. Consequently, all patients increased activity in the contralateral precentral area after intervention.ConclusionsThis study indicates that 4 weeks of physiotherapy promoted the recovery of arm function and neuroplasticity in all chronic stroke patients. Future research is recommended to determine the efficacy of this therapy.
A novel receptor‐like kinase involved in fungal pathogen defence in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ray Justin , Yang Xin , Kong Feng , Guo Tingwei , Deng Fengyan , Clough Steven , Ramonell Katrina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPlants are under constant attack from a variety of disease‐causing organisms. Lacking an adaptive immune system, plants repel pathogen attack via an array of pathogen recognition machinery. Receptor‐like kinases (RLKs) are involved in the recognition of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate resistance pathways against broad classes of pathogens. We have identified powdery mildew‐resistant kinase 1, an Arabidopsis gene encoding an RLK that is highly induced by chitin at early time points and localizes to the plasma membrane. Knockout mutants in pmrk1 are more susceptible to both Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Our data show that PMRK1 is essential in early stages of defence against fungi and provide evidence that PMRK1 may be unique to chitin‐induced signalling pathways. The results of this study indicate that PMRK1 is a critical component of plant innate immunity against fungal pathogens.
Comparative genomics of figworts (Scrophularia, Scrophulariaceae), with implications for the evolution of Scrophularia and Lamiales
Authors: Xu Wu‐Qin , Losh Jocelyn , Chen Chuan , Li Pan , Wang Rui‐Hong , Zhao Yun‐Peng , Qiu Ying‐Xiong , Fu Cheng‐Xin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe figwort genus Scrophularia L. (Scrophulariaceae) comprises 200–300 species and is widespread throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere. Due to reticulate evolution resulting from hybridization and polyploidization, the taxonomy and phylogeny of Scrophularia is notoriously challenging. Here we report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of S. henryi Hemsl. and S. dentata Royle ex Benth. and compare them with those of S. takesimensis Nakai and S. buergeriana Miq. The Scrophularia cp genomes ranged from 152 425 to 153 631 bp in length. Each cp genome contained 113 unigenes, consisting of 78 protein‐coding genes, 31 transfer RNA genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. Gene order, gene content, AT content and IR/SC boundary structure were nearly identical among them. Nine cpDNA markers (trnH‐psbA, rps15, rps18‐rpl20, rpl32‐trnL, trnS‐trnG, ycf15‐trnL, rps4‐trnT, ndhF‐rpl32, and rps16‐trnQ) with more than 2% variable sites were identified. Our phylogenetic analyses including 55 genera from Lamiales strongly supported a sister relationship between ((Bignoniaceae + Verbenaceae) + Pedaliaceae) and (Acanthaceae + Lentibulariaceae). Within Scrophulariaceae, a topology of (S. dentata + (S. takesimensis + (S. buergeriana + S. henryi))) was strongly supported. The crown age of Lamiales was estimated to be 85.1 Ma (95% highest posterior density, 70.6–99.8 Ma). The higher core Lamiales originated at 65.6 Ma (95% highest posterior density, 51.4–79.4 Ma), with a subsequent radiation that occurred in the Paleocene (between 55.4 and 62.3 Ma) and gave birth to the diversified families. Our study provides a robust phylogeny and a temporal framework for further investigation of the evolution of Lamiales.