bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
متطلبات منظومة عمل الاداء العالي لتحقيق الريادية في العمل الجامعي / بحث تحليلي في كلية الادارة والاقتصاد / جامعة بغداد
Authors: ابراهيم نور خليل 
Published: December 2018

يهتم المدخل المستند إلى الموارد في دراسة منظمات الاعمال بصورة متزايده في دراسة القابليات البشرية وكيفية تطويرها وبالتالي جعل قدرات المنظمة جوهرية تنافسية لمواجهة تحديات الأعمال، حيث تحتاج منظمات اليوم إلى ممارسات حاسمة لمواجهة التحديات وضغوطات تلك الممارسات التي تأخذ بالاعتبار اهمية تطوير ريادية الاعمال داخل المنظمة ويطلق على هذه الممارسات نظم عمل الأداء العالي (High Performance work Systems) أو نظم الأداء العالي والتي يرمز لها اختصاراً (HPWS) ، والتي تعرف بأنها مجموعة من ممارسات إدارة الموارد البشرية المترابطة التي تساعد في الحصول على مخرجات عمل وظيفية سواء أكانت على مستوى الفرد أم المنظمة وبالتالي تحقيق الأهداف .
عليه فأن هذا البحث يهدف الى تحديد دور انظمة عمل الاداء العالي في تحقيق ريادية الاعمال لأعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في كلية الادارة والاقتصاد / جامعة بغداد ، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف توصل الباحث من خلال الفكر الاداري النظري والبحوث والدراسات ذات العلاقة الى بناء فرضيات توضح العلاقة بين المتغيرات المدروسة ، اذ اعتمد البحث على دراسة انظمة عمل الاداء العالي كمتغير مستقل موزع الى اربع ابعاد مهمة هي (التوظيف الكفوء ، التدريب المعّمق، تقييم الاداء ، مشاركة العاملين) بالاضافة الى اربعة ابعاد تمثل المتغير المعتمد لريادية الاعمال هي (الاجراءات الاستباقية ، الابداع ، تبني المخاطرة ، حدة المنافسة) ولقد تكونت العينة من 36 تدريسي في كلية الادارة والاقتصاد وزعت عليهم عينة البحث بعد التحقق من صدقه الظاهري وثباته وفقاً لطريقة آلفا- كرونباخ حيث بلغ 0.87 وقد تم تحليل بيانات البحث باستخدام برنامج spss واظهرت النتائج اتفاق جميع اعضاء عينة البحث على اهمية انظمة عمل الاداء العالي في قياس ريادية الاعمال وفي ضوء نتائج البحث والمتمثلة بضرورة اهتمام الكلية عينة البحث بانظمة عمل الاداء العالي لانها تؤدي الى تحسين ريادية الاعمال من خلال ما تمتلكه من معرفة حول صيغة العمل وبالتالي تحقيق ميزة تنافسية للمنظمة .
APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN SMART HIJAIYYAH BERBASIS AUGMENTED REALITY
Authors: Jumarlis Mila 
Published: December 2018

Pengaruh teknologi memberikan dampak yang sangat kuat terhadap minat belajar anak-anak maupun remaja karena lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu untuk memainkan smartphone. Proses pembelajaran huruf hijaiyyah yang menarik dan menyenangkan kini dibutuhkan bagi anak-anak, salah satu caranya adalah membuatnya dalam bentuk aplikasi mobile sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang huruf hijaiyyah berbasis Augmented Reality, Untuk mengimplementasikan huruf hijaiyyah berbasis Augmented Reality. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah UML yang didesain secara terstruktur yang terdiri dari flowchart perancangan sistem dan rancangan model use case diagram. Software yang digunakan dalam membangun sistem ini adalah unity, vuforia SDK dan Android yang menggunakan teknologi Augmented Reality dengan metode marker. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi berbasis android yang menampilkan penjelasan huruf hijaiyyah, dimana marker yang diidentifikasi oleh kamera akan menampilkan button suara huruf, button informasi huruf dan cara penulisan huruf hijaiyyah.
Thunderstorm neutrons
Authors: Babich L P 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
To assess the current state of studies of nuclear reactions in thunderstorms, observational data are reviewed on the neutron flux enhancement in thunderclouds and during thunderstorms related to photonuclear reactions because of the bremsstrahlung of the avalanches of high-energy runaway electrons that can develop in thunderstorm electric fields. Selecting thunderstorm neutrons is a challenging problem, since detectors are affected by a mixed field of various penetrating radiations that also includes, apart from neutrons, primary high-energy electrons and their bremsstrahlung. Special attention is given to the discovery of the electron–positron annihilation line with the photon energy of 0.511 MeV in a thundercloud and on Earth’s surface during thunderstorms, providing trustworthy evidence of neutron production by thunderstorms and the photonuclear origin of thunderstorm neutrons. The consequences of this discovery are discussed.

“New is a carefully forgotten old.” Favorite proverb of Dr L V Tarasova from VNIIEF, who was the first to detect high-energy runaway electrons and their bremsstrahlung in electric discharges in the open atmosphere [1, 2].
A Further Evaluation of the Coupling Relationship between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities or Potentials for CaO-based Slags: Influence of Slag Chemical Composition
Authors: Yang Xue-min , Li Jin-yan , Zhang Meng , Yan Fang-jia , Duan Dong-ping , Zhang Jian 
Published: December 2018

The coupling relationships between dephosphorization and desulfurization abilities or potentials for CaO–FeO–Fe2O3–Al2O3–P2O5 slags over a large variation range of slag oxidization ability during the secondary refining process of molten steel have been proposed by the present authors as log L P + 5 log L S or log C PO 4 3 − + log C S 2 − in the reducing zone and as log L P + log L S − 5 log N Fe t O or log C PO 4 3 − + log C S 2 − − log N FeO in the oxidizing zone based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT). In order to further verify the validation and feasibility of the proposed coupling relationships, the effects of chemical composition of the CaO-based slags are provided. The chemical composition of slags was described by three group parameters including reaction abilities of components represented by the mass action concentrations N i , two kinds of slag basicity as simplified complex basicity ( % CaO ) / [ ( % P 2 O 5 ) + ( % Al 2 O 3 ) ] and optical basicity Λ , and the comprehensive effect of iron oxides FetO and basic oxide CaO. Comparing with the strong effects of chemical composition of the CaO-based slags on dephosphorization and desulfurization abilities or potentials, the proposed coupling relationships have been confirmed to not only be independent of slag oxidization ability as expected but also irrelevant to the aforementioned three groups of parameters for representing the chemical composition of the CaO-based slags. Increasing temperature from 1811 to 1927 K (1538 to 1654 °C) can result in a decreasing tendency of the proposed coupling relationships. In terms of the proposed coupling relationships, chemical composition of slags or fluxes with assigned dephosphorization ability or potential can be theoretically designed or optimized from its desulfurization ability or potential, and vice versa. Considering the large difference of magnitude between phosphate capacity C PO 4 3 − and sulfide capacity C S 2 − , the proposed coupling relationships between dephosphorization and desulfurization abilities for CaO-based slags are recommended to design or optimize chemical composition of slags.
Microlensing Results Challenge the Core Accretion Runaway Growth Scenario for Gas Giants
Authors: Suzuki Daisuke , Bennett David P. , Ida Shigeru , Mordasini Christoph , Bhattacharya Aparna , Bond Ian A. , Donachie Martin , Fukui Akihiko , Hirao Yuki , Koshimoto Naoki , Miyazaki Shota , Nagakane Masayuki , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Sumi Takahiro , Alibert Yann , Lin Douglas N. C. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We compare the planet-to-star mass-ratio distribution measured by gravitational microlensing to core accretion theory predictions from population synthesis models. The core accretion theory’s runaway gas accretion process predicts a dearth of intermediate-mass giant planets that is not seen in the microlensing results. In particular, the models predict ∼10 × fewer planets at mass ratios of

than inferred from microlensing observations. This tension implies that gas giant formation may involve processes that have hitherto been overlooked by existing core accretion models or that the planet-forming environment varies considerably as a function of host-star mass. Variation from the usual assumptions for the protoplanetary disk viscosity and thickness could reduce this discrepancy, but such changes might conflict with microlensing results at larger or smaller mass ratios, or with other observations. The resolution of this discrepancy may have important implications for planetary habitability because it has been suggested that the runaway gas accretion process may have triggered the delivery of water to our inner solar system. So, an understanding of giant planet formation may help us to determine the occurrence rate of habitable planets.
The Design and Development of a Mobile Phone Application for STEM based on a Novel Engineering Approach
Authors: Zhuang Yaoxian , Wang Liyan , Chiang Feng-kuang 
Published: December 2018

<p class="15"><strong><span>STEM education provides students with interdisciplinary knowledge to improve problem-solving ability. The purpose of this study is to explore whether students could achieve the goal of STEM education by mobile learning. This study developed a mobile application which was named </span></strong><strong><em><span>Borrowing Your Enemy</span></em></strong><strong><em><span>’</span></em></strong><strong><em><span>s Arrows</span></em></strong><strong><span> to support mobile learning about science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). According to the textbooks for Grades 5-7<span style="font-family: 宋体;">，</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">the teaching content of the APP was designed to help students get a better grasp of teaching contents and to help teachers save time in preparing classes. The central narrative</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">like cartoon or the dialogue of cartoon is used for APP to bridge the teaching contents. Therefore</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">learners can construct a real-life situation by App. To inspire learners' interest in STEM courses, the APP used games to test how well students did in learning. A shipbuilding task with the narrative background was set to improve learners' skills and interest in engineering learning. The educator could make the assessment of learners based on all their performance in the process of learning, including the design sketches, final products, the messages from students and the grade of game. For the purpose of improving the APP, teachers and students were interviewed to investigate users’ feedback in this study.</span></span></strong><strong></strong></p>
Formal Specification and Verification of Communication in Network-On-Chip: An Overview
Authors: Boutekkouk Fateh 
Published: December 2018

Network-On-Chip (NOC) is an emerging paradigm to surmount traditional bus based Systems-On-Chip (SOC) limits especially scalability and communication performances. A NOC includes many applications that can execute concurrently. This situation may show some undesirable behaviors such as deadlock, livelock, starvation, etc. On the other hand, the application of formal methods to on-chip communication infrastructures has recieved more attention. Formal analysis of NOC communication will be very advantageous since it allows proving some theorems or interesting qualitative/quantitative properties on the communication behavior where simulation/emulation techniques can fail easily. In this paper we try to giva an overview of the most famous formal methods applied to the verification of communication inside NOCs.
« La page sortie de mon encrier » : les révélations de Juliette Drouet sur la genèse de l’œuvre de Hugo
Authors: Naugrette Florence 
Published: December 2018

Le journal épistolaire de Juliette Drouet, en cours d’édition sur le site en accès libre <www.juliettedrouet.org>, présentera à terme les quelque 22 000 lettres envoyées par Juliette à Hugo pendant un demi-siècle. Cette masse de documents, inédits à 90 %, éclaire plusieurs aspects de la genèse de l’œuvre de Victor Hugo, à commencer par des aperçus directs sur ses habitudes de travail (rythme et méthode). Juliette Drouet aide Victor Hugo non seulement en l’inspirant mais en lui servant aussi épisodiquement de documentaliste. Elle veille en retour avec un soin jaloux sur ses manuscrits qu’elle lit, écoute et recopie pour lui, ce qui est pour elle une façon de se les approprier. Ses témoignages de premier plan permettent de corroborer, ou de rectifier, sur plus d’un point la chronologie de la rédaction, mais aussi de suivre la genèse éditoriale, et la réception des œuvres, notamment théâtrales.
La photographie à l’œuvre
Authors: Achille Alexandrine 
Published: December 2018

Victor Hugo a compris et reconnu l’intérêt de la photographie plus vite que la plupart de ses contemporains. Il pratique cette nouvelle activité en famille à Jersey (1852-1855), comme modèle davantage que comme opérateur, laissant à son fils Charles le soin de le représenter. La technique photographique rejoignant par bien des points ses propres expériences graphiques et littéraires, il s’y intéresse de près et l’introduit dans des créations originales, comme en témoignent des œuvres hybrides, et des dessins, sinon des poèmes, voire des recueils. À défaut d’avoir pu publier avec ses fils et Vacquerie ce qui aurait été l’un des premiers livres illustrés de photographies, il participe aux réalisations d’albums originaux et d’éditions enrichies. La maison de Victor Hugo, place des Vosges, en conserve plusieurs parmi les plus beaux, ainsi que la plus importante collection de photographies issues de « l’atelier de Jersey » et de bien d’autres sources, jusqu’à nos jours.
Hepatitis B Virus Inhibits Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Release by Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Autophagy
Authors: Hu Shengnan , Liu Xiaowen , Gao Ying , Zhou Rongfang , Wei Muyun , Dong Jing , Yan Huili , Zhao Yueran 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Neutrophils, an important component of the innate immune system, release extracellular traps (NETs) to eliminate invading pathogens by trapping and killing microbes. Recent studies have shown that NETs play a multitude of additional roles in immunity and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, NETs may be involved in persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and the objectives of the current study were to determine whether HBV influences NET release and to identify the underlying mechanisms. HBV-infected mice (C57BL/6) were used to detect the efficiency of bacterial eradication by neutrophils in vivo. Primary neutrophils and circulating blood samples were collected from 40 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, as well as 40 healthy controls, to detect NET release using a Quant-iT Pico Green dsDNA assay, Western blotting, and live-cell imaging and to determine the levels of HBV-DNA and HBV markers. NET release was decreased in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, and hepatitis B surface Ag, hepatitis B E Ag, and hepatitis B core Ab levels negatively correlated with NET release. We also examined the effect of HBV proteins (HBV X protein, HBV C protein, HBV E protein, and HBV S protein) on NET release in vitro. Based on flow cytometry, cytochrome c reduction assay, and Western blotting, HBV C protein and HBV E protein inhibited NET release by decreasing reactive oxygen species production and autophagy. Overall, HBV may inhibit NET release by modulating reactive oxygen species production and autophagy to escape the immune system and promote the establishment of chronic infection.
A 3D System-in-Package for RF Applications
Authors: Lu Shihwen , Yeh Chanlin , Kao Gavin , Yeh YE , Chang Harrison 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A novel 3D packaging technology of substrate-based platform – double side module is introduced in this paper. This technology is capable of integrating RF front-end module with the advantage of package size reduction, excellent warpage control, and enhanced reliability.
System in Package allows system designers to differentiate their products from others by integrating more functions to meet markets' requirement. It can also reduce the complexity of HW design while meeting their device / system requirements. The RF SiP is inherently heterogeneous integrated, for the foundry technologies of the dice inside could include digital CMOS, RF CMOS, III-V, piezoelectric, and other. In the era of 5G, new frequency bands of connected devices and denser component population have led to a demand for aggressive size reduction of RF FEM packaging solutions with good reliabilities and thermal management. The highly integrated 5G (under 6GHz) modem and RF FEM structure are crucial for modern premium tier smart phones' success, and are always a big challenge in the packaging industry due to its highly requirement of performance and manufacture yield.
System-level Trade-offs and Optimization for Data-Driven Applications
Authors: Apte Pushkar , Salmon Tom , Rice Richard , Gerber Mark , Macleod Patricia , Beica Rozalia , Calvert Jeff , Hemker Dave , Dordi Yezdi , Ranjan Manish , Ramalingam Suresh , Gandhi Jaspreet , Kaviani Alireza , Mitra Subhasish , Wong Philip , Lee Vincent , Sabry Aly Mohamed M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Data-driven applications are becoming increasingly important, fueled by the rapid rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Systems must now be able to store, process and act swiftly on increasingly large amounts of data, while consuming minimum possible power. This shifts the focus to system-level integration and optimization – especially as Moore's Law slows down, and technology development at 5nm and beyond becomes increasingly harder and more expensive. SEMI has built a cross-supply-chain collaborative platform specifically to enable an early assessment of trade-offs and future technologies (5–8 years out). The first project focused on interconnect strategies, which are critical to most computing systems. We examined the performance limits for the best possible options for on-chip interconnects at technology nodes &lt;= 20 nm. These limits highlight the need for system-level strategies, and we studied these by comparing a two-dimensional (2D) system with an interposer-based system (2.5D) to quantify the impact of the latter on the energy-delay product for various applications, especially data-driven ones.
Novel Solder Alloy with Wide Service Temperature Capability for Automotive Applications
Authors: Geng Jie , Zhang Hongwen , Mutuku Francis , Lee Ning-Cheng 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A novel lead-free solder alloy 90.6Sn3.2Ag0.7Cu5.5Sb, designated as Indalloy276, was developed targeting for high reliability with a wide service temperature capability. The alloy exhibited a melting temperature range of 223 to 232°C, reflowable at profile with peak temperature 245°C and 255°C, with ambient temperature Yield Stress 60MPa, UTS 77 MPa, and ductility 28%, and a higher stress than both SAC305 and SACBSbN, the latter two alloys were used as controls. When tested at 140°C and 165°C, the die shear stress of 276 was comparable with SACBSbN but higher than SAC305, and the ductility was higher than both SACBSbN and SAC305, with SACBSbN exhibited distinct brittle behavior. When aged at 125°C and 175°C, the die shear strength of 276 was comparable or higher than both controls. When pretreated with a harsh condition, TST (−55°C/155°C) for 3000 cycles, the die shear strength of 276 was 8 times of that of SACBSbN and SAC305. When pre-conditioned at TCT (−40°C/175°C) for 3000 cycles, the die shear strength of 276 was 11 to 20 times of SACBSbN and SAC305, depending on the flux type used. Both 276 and SACBSbN are alloys based on SnAgCu, but reinforced with precipitate hardening and solution hardening, with the use of additives including Sb, Ni, and Bi. 276 exhibited a finer microstructure with less particles dispersed, while SACBSbN exhibited more particles with some blocky Ag3Sn plates or rods. 276 is rigid and ductile, while SACBSbN is rigid but brittle. Under the harsh test condition where ΔT was high, the dimension mismatch between parts and substrate became very significant due to CTE mismatch. This significant dimension mismatch would cause a brittle joint to crack quickly, as seen on SACBSbN. The challenge was more tolerable for a ductile joint, as shown by 276. Accordingly 276 showed a much better reliability than SACBSbN under harsh condition, including high testing temperature and large ΔT. Overall, to achieve high reliability under a wide service temperature environment, a balanced ductility and rigidity for solder alloy is critical for success.
Perspectives of High-Temperature Pb-Free Bonding Materials
Authors: Zhang Hongwen , Lee Ning-Cheng 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
High lead solders have been used as die-attach and interconnect materials in discrete power packages. Due to the demand of SiC devices serving the high-power market and the harmful effects of Pb to human health and the environment, alternative Pb-free solders, novel bonding materials, as well as solutions have been studied extensively in recent years. The exemption of using high-Pb solders has been extended again to 2021, although it could be terminated at any time if a new technology or material were to be accepted by the industry. This paper presents potential materials and technologies for high-temperature Pb-free die-attachment, focusing on alternative solders. Sintering materials and transient liquid phase bonding (TLPB) materials have been briefly covered as well.
AuSn, AuSi, and AuGe solders have shown to be exceptionally high in cost, which limited their application. BiAg- and BiCu-based solders—the BiAgX® family including solder paste, solder wire, and solder preform—improved wetting and exhibited remelting temperatures of 262°C and 270°C, respectively. The acceptable reliability performance on temperature cycling and thermal aging, as well as low material cost, has made them the most competitive candidates for low-power discrete die-attach devices. SnSbAgCu, with well-designed compositions in recent studies, offers a remelting temperature above 320°C. SnSbAgCu is targeted in markets for mid-to-high power devices. Reliability testing for other recently designed SnSbAgCu pastes for various die-attach vehicles is being studied. ZnAl has a remelting temperature above 380°C and an extremely low material cost (comparable to or even lower than the high-lead solders). Although the bonding process is stringent, the excellent thermomechanical behavior and the superior thermal/electrical conductivity have allowed ZnAl to be a potential candidate for high-temperature/high-power die-attach that is competitive with AuSi and AuGe solders.
Sintering materials form bonds through solid state interdiffusion, while TLPB materials create a joint through solid-liquid interdiffusion, in which the remelting temperature is enhanced by forming massive IMCs. The desired high thermal/electrical/mechanical/melting performances, as well as the relatively low processing temperature (&lt;350°C), are shining the sintering materials (especially Ag-sintering materials). The intrinsic high porosity (&gt;20%) and the evolution of pores from pressureless sintering may overshadow the reliability. In addition, the immaturity of the processing (time/temperature/pressure/atmosphere/equipment availability, etc.) may deter the industrial adoption of sintering materials.
So far, none of these materials or technologies is ideal to satisfy all the requirements of the variety of high-temperature, Pb-free die-attach applications in terms of processing, reliability, and cost. However, each material and solution has the potential to be a niche within this broader categorization.
fcLGA Package Assembly Qualification for Mobile Applications
Authors: Bora Mumtaz Y. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Flip Chip Land Grid Array (FcLGA) packages are widely used in Mobile product applications due to their thin form factor and performance. Assembly process qualification requires careful selection of materials and optimization of reflow processes to make consistent and reliable product. The fcLGA typically uses an organic substrate on which the die is reflowed instead of the copper lead frame used in QFN packages. This requires assessment of CTE mismatch and controlled reflow processes to prevent bump separation [1]. The paper reviews the selection of substrate, optimization of assembly process and reliability testing conducted for package qualification