bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of underwater plasma with surfactant
Authors: Goto Hiroki , Sakoda Tatsuya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo investigate purification characteristics of water containing surfactant by using an underwater plasma source with a porous glass membrane, which functioned in bubble supply and the formation of micro‐discharges, we first observed the bubble diameter, the ascent velocity of bubbles, and discharges. We also examined the influence of surfactant on the generation of OH radicals. It was found that the existence of surfactant made the sterilization effect higher and that Bacillus subtilis spores could be effectively sterilized.
Ecosystem services and multifunctional agriculture: Unravelling informal stakeholders' perceptions and water governance in three European irrigation systems
Authors: Ricart Sandra , Kirk Nick , Ribas Anna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMultifunctional agriculture (MFA) and ecosystem services (ES) are two important concepts in the ongoing debate on sustainable resource use. The aim of the paper is to test the ES and MFA nexus by analyzing the perception and predefined attitudes of key stakeholders in three Southern European irrigation systems. Data were collected through semistructured interviews, and the interview transcripts were codified using the Atlas.ti© qualitative analysis software. Our results illustrate that perceptions of ES go beyond those included in literature, and this provides valuable information about how key stakeholders interact with the environment in MFA systems. Second, most key stakeholders claim to be moving from anthropocentric agriculture to ecocentric rural development in order to ensure the sustainability of agricultural activity and to preserve common pool resources. Finally, the results show that bottom‐up tools could identify the nexus between ES and MFA. Given our results, we provide a series of recommendations to managers be able to (a) improve comprehension of environmental services and functions, (b) enhance water user experiences and interests, and (c) encourage pro‐environmental attitudes and behaviors in farmers. The paper also provides the research community with a codifying process they can use to define and improve informal and indirect references to MFA and ES standards.
Rapid 5 lb weight gain is not associated with readmission in patients with heart failure
Authors: Howie‐Esquivel Jill , Dracup Kathleen , Whooley Mary A. , McCulloch Charles , Jin Chengshi , Moser Debra K. , Clark Robyn A. , Pelter Michele M. , Biddle Martha , Park Linda G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) patients are taught to identify a rapid 5 lb body‐weight gain for early detection of cardiac decompensation. Few data support this common advice. The study aim was to determine whether a 5 lb weight gain in 1 week and signs and symptoms of HF increased risk for unplanned physician or emergency department (ED) visits or hospital admission in rural HF patients.Methods and resultsThis was a secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Patients tracked body weight and HF symptoms using diaries. We included patients adherent to daily diaries >50% over 24 months (N = 119). Mean age was 69 ± 11 years; 77% (65) were male, and 67% completed diaries. A weight gain of 5 lb over 7 days was associated with a greater risk for ED visits but not hospital admission [hazard ratio (HR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04, 1.08; P < 0.0001 vs. HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.88, 1.16; P = 0.79]. Increased dyspnoea over 7 days was associated with a greater risk of ED visits and hospital admissions (HR 9.64, 95% CI 3.68, 25.22; P < 0.0001 vs. HR 5.89, 95% CI 1.73, 20.04; P = 0.01). Higher diary adherence was associated with older age, non‐sedentary behaviour, lower depression, and HF knowledge.ConclusionsHeart failure patients are counselled to observe for body‐weight gain. Our data do not support that a 5 lb weight gain was associated with hospital admission. Dyspnoea was a better predictor of ED visits and hospital admissions. Daily tracking of dyspnoea symptoms may be an important adjunct to daily weight to prevent hospitalization.
Generation of functional murine CD11c+ age‐associated B cells in the absence of B cell T‐bet expression
Authors: Du Samuel W. , Arkatkar Tanvi , Jacobs Holly M. , Rawlings David J. , Jackson Shaun W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAge‐associated B cells (ABC), a novel subset of activated B cells defined by CD11b and CD11c expression, have been linked with both protective anti‐viral responses and the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmunity. Expression of the TH1 lineage transcription factor T‐bet has been identified as a defining feature of ABC biology, with B cell‐intrinsic expression of this transcription factor proposed to be required for ABC formation. In contrast to this model, we report that Tbx21 (encoding T‐bet)‐deficient B cells upregulate CD11b and CD11c surface expression in vitro in response to integrated TLR and cytokine signals. Moreover, B cell‐intrinsic T‐bet deletion in a murine lupus model exerted no impact of ABC generation in vivo, with Tbx21−/− ABCs exhibiting an identical surface phenotype to wild‐type (WT) ABCs. Importantly, WT and Tbx21−/− ABCs sorted from autoimmune mice produced equivalent amounts of IgM and IgG ex vivo following TLR stimulation, indicating that T‐bet‐deficient ABCs are likely functional in vivo. In summary, our data contradict the established literature by demonstrating that T‐bet expression is not uniformly required for ABC generation.
Lecithin Near Its Critical Micelle Concentration Increases Oxidative Stability of Non‐Stripped Corn Oil But Not Stripped Corn Oil
Authors: Kim JiSu , Woo YunSik , Ryu Jiwon , Kim Mi‐Ja , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: October 2018

Effects of lecithin (HLB 4.5) on oxidative stability of non‐stripped or stripped corn oil are determined during storage at 50 °C. Headspace oxygen content of non‐stripped corn oil containing lecithin decreased less with the increasing concentration of lecithin (300–3000 ppm). Lecithin‐supplemented non‐stripped corn oil near and above critical micelle concentration (CMC, 1288 ppm) had higher oxidative stability as compared to other samples according to conjugated dienoic acid and p‐anisidine value assays. Antioxidant and tocopherol concentrations in non‐stripped corn oil samples containing lecithin near CMC are found to be the highest. Stripped corn oil has CMC of 1790 ppm lecithin and 600 ppm lecithin shows higher antioxidant properties than other concentration of lecithin from 1200 to 3000 ppm. Presence of phospholipids affected oxidative stability of bulk oils. Non‐stripped corn oil supplemented with lecithin near CMC shows the highest oxidative stability, which could be due to the incorporation of tocopherols into the association colloids formed by the added lecithin.Practical Application: Controlling rate of lipid oxidation in bulk oils is one of the important topics in lipid science. Addition of commercially available lecithin (HLB 4.5) could enhance the oxidative stability in non‐stripped corn oil especially, at the concentration of lecithin near CMC. Presence of phospholipids affected oxidative stability of bulk oils. By using knowledge shown in this study, food industries could save costs by optimizing the lecithin concentration in bulk oils, which could be used as ingredients of many processed foods.Addition of commercially available lecithin enhances oxidative stability in non‐stripped corn oil. Lecithin near or over its critical micelle concentration shows higher antioxidant activity in non‐stripped oil compared to other concentrations of lecithin. Added lecithin increases tocopherol stability, especially α‐tocopherol in non‐stripped bulk oil during storage. For stripped corn oil, 600 ppm lecithin only shows some antioxidant power and other concentrations do not enhance oxidative stability.
A model for the directional evolution of severe ocean storms
Authors: Tendijck S. , Ross E. , Randell D. , Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMotivated by recent work on Markov extremal models, we develop a nonstationary extension and use it to characterize the time evolution of extreme sea state significant wave height (HS) and storm direction in the vicinity of the storm peak sea state. The approach first requires transformation of HS from a physical to a standard Laplace scale achieved using a nonstationary directional marginal extreme value model. The evolution of Laplace‐scale HS is subsequently characterized using a Markov extremal model and that of the rate of change of storm direction described by an autoregressive model, the evolution variance of which is HS‐dependent. Simulations on the physical scale under the estimated model give realistic realizations of storm trajectories consistent with historical data for storm trajectories at a northern North Sea location.
Changes in the expression of worries, anxiety, and generalized anxiety disorder with increasing age: A population study of 70 to 85‐year‐olds
Authors: Nilsson Johan , Sigström Robert , Östling Svante , Waern Margda , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThe prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is supposed to decrease with age. Reasons suggested include that emotional control increases and that anxiety and worry are expressed differently in older adults. The aim of this study was to examine how the expression of anxiety and worry changes with age and how this influences diagnoses in current classification systems.MethodSemistructured psychiatric examinations were performed in population‐based samples of 70‐ (n = 562), 75‐ (n = 770), 79/80‐ (n = 603), and 85‐year‐olds (n = 433). Individuals with dementia were excluded. GAD was diagnosed according to DSM‐5 (DSM5 GAD) and ICD‐10 (ICD10 GAD) criteria. Individual symptoms were assessed according to severity and frequency. Functioning was measured with Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF).ResultsThe prevalence of clinical anxiety, autonomic arousal, muscle tension, and irritability decreased with age, while that of worry and fatigue increased. Concentration difficulties and sleep disturbances remained stable. The prevalence of ICD10 GAD tended to decrease, while that of DSM5 GAD did not change with age. Core symptoms and diagnoses of GAD were related to lower GAF scores. However, in those with autonomic arousal and ICD10 GAD, GAF scores increased with age.ConclusionsThe prevalence of ICD10 GAD tended to decrease with increasing age while the prevalence of DSM5 GAD remained stable. This difference was partly due to a decreased frequency of severe anxiety and autonomic arousal symptoms, and that worries increased, suggesting changes in the expression of GAD with increasing age.
Deviance detection is the dominant component of auditory contextual processing in the lateral superior temporal gyrus: A human ECoG study
Authors: Ishishita Yohei , Kunii Naoto , Shimada Seijiro , Ibayashi Kenji , Tada Mariko , Kirihara Kenji , Kawai Kensuke , Uka Takanori , Kasai Kiyoto , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAuditory contextual processing has been assumed to be based on a hierarchical structure consisting of the primary auditory cortex, superior temporal gyrus (STG), and frontal lobe. Recent invasive studies on mismatch negativity (MMN) have revealed functional segregation for auditory contextual processing such as neural adaptation in the primary auditory cortex and prediction in the frontal lobe. However, the role of the STG remains unclear. We obtained induced activity in the high gamma band as mismatch response (MMR), an electrocorticographic (ECoG) counterpart to scalp MMN, and the components of MMR by analyzing ECoG data from patients with refractory epilepsy in an auditory oddball task paradigm. We found that MMR localized mainly in the bilateral posterior STGs, and that deviance detection largely accounted for MMR. Furthermore, adaptation was identified in a limited number of electrodes on the superior temporal plane. Our findings reveal a mixed contribution of deviance detection and adaptation depending on location in the STG. Such spatial considerations could lead to further understanding of the pathophysiology of relevant psychiatric disorders.
Outcomes of systematic anticoagulation management in pharmacist and nurse specialized clinics
Authors: Manzoor Beenish S. , Bauman Jerry , Shapiro Nancy L. , Stamos Thomas , Galanter William , Nutescu Edith A. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundWhile systematic anticoagulation management leads to improved outcomes, there is limited data comparing outcomes in anticoagulation clinics managed by pharmacists vs nurses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pharmacist vs nurse‐managed clinics on the quality of anticoagulation and warfarin‐related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) admissions.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study of patients treated with warfarin and referred to a pharmacist‐managed anticoagulation clinic (PMAC) or a nurse‐managed anticoagulation clinic (NMAC) was conducted at the University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System. The primary outcome was the proportion of international normalized ratio levels in therapeutic range (PIR). The secondary outcome was warfarin‐related hospitalizations and ED visits. Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the effect of the model of care (PMAC vs NMAC) on PIR and hospitalization/ED visits, respectively. An economic evaluation of adverse events was also undertaken.ResultsA total of 200 consecutive patients (100 patients in the PMAC group and 100 patients in the NMAC group) were included. The majority of patients were females (58.5%) and average age was 61.4 ± 14.6 years. Patients in the PMAC group were more nonadherent to warfarin therapy and had more than three missed clinic appointments compared with the NMAC group ([19.1% ± 10.1% vs 4.1% ± 4.1%, P < 0.05]; and [78% vs 33%, P < 0.05]) respectively. The average PIR was 51.8% ± 15.9% and 56.2% ± 13.9% (P = 0.04) in the PMAC and NMAC groups, respectively. After controlling for confounders, the adjusted PIR was not different between the two groups. The NMAC group, however, had over seven times greater odds of hospitalization/ED visits compared to the PMAC group. The PMAC saved $505 349 over a 1.25 year period.ConclusionThe quality of warfarin anticoagulation did not differ between pharmacist and nurse‐managed models of anticoagulation care, however, PMACs decreased the odds of warfarin‐related hospitalizations/ED visits and their associated costs.
Implementing and evaluating virtual patient cases within a team‐based learning pedagogy in a therapeutics course sequence
Authors: Mohammad Rima A. , Ellingrod Vicki L. , Bleske Barry E. 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionAccreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) requires that pharmacy curriculum stresses active learning. This allows students to listen, read, write, discuss, and reflect on their approach to course content through various methods. ACPE advocates use of innovative, active learning teaching methods to develop necessary skills students need to problem‐solve, think critically, and effectively work as a team. We have successfully implemented team‐based learning (TBL) throughout therapeutics curriculum; however, there is still a critical need for students to practice what they have learned through an interactive fashion. Use of virtual patients has been previously evaluated in non‐TBL courses and has resulted in improved student learning. Thus, using virtual technology could bridge the gap between TBL and providing “real‐life” patient‐centered care.ObjectivesTo evaluate short‐term learning outcomes and student perception of implementing virtual simulation within a TBL therapeutics course series. We expect that virtual simulation will add another unique action‐based learning experience within TBL.MethodsFaculty developed virtual patient cases using branched‐outcome decision‐making processes and integrated them into six TBL sessions throughout the therapeutic courses in the second (two sessions) and third years (four sessions) of pharmacy school. Students completed virtual patient cases in groups and pre‐simulation/post‐simulation assessments were completed. Assessments and activity evaluation were used to measure student learning and perceptions. Pre‐simulation/post‐simulation assessments included 12 lower‐level and 9 higher‐level learning questions.ResultsUse of virtual patient cases resulted in significantly higher post‐simulation scores compared with pre‐simulation scores (P < 0.001). Increases in student's learning of lower‐ and higher‐level domains (P = 0.02 and P = 0.11, respectively) were observed. Seventy‐four percent of students agreed that virtual cases were effective in learning therapeutic clinical application, and 80% believed these cases stimulated their critical thinking.ConclusionIntegrating virtual patient cases into curriculum may enhance student's ability to critically think and apply their knowledge to real health care world.
A Multicenter Observational Cohort Study to Evaluate the Effects of Bisphosphonate Exposure on Bone Mineral Density and Other Health Outcomes in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Bains Jaskaran S , Carter Erin M , Citron Kate P , Boskey Adele L , Shapiro Jay R , Steiner Robert D , Smith Peter A , Bober Michael B , Hart Tracy , Cuthbertson David , Krischer Jeff , Byers Peter H , Pepin Melanie , Durigova Michaela , Glorieux Francis H , Rauch Frank , Sliepka Joseph M , Sutton V Reid , Lee Brendan ,   Members of the BBD Consortium, Nagamani Sandesh CS , Raggio Cathleen L 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by low bone mass and bone fragility. Using data from a large cohort of individuals with OI from the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation's linked clinical research centers, we examined the association between exposure to bisphosphonate (BPN) treatment (past or present) and lumbar spine (LS) areal bone mineral density (aBMD), fractures, scoliosis, and mobility. From 466 individuals, we obtained 1394 participant‐age LS aBMD data points. Though all OI subtypes were examined, primary analyses were restricted to type I OI (OI‐1). Using linear regression, we constructed expected OI‐1 LS aBMD‐for‐age curves from the data from individuals who had never received BPN. LS aBMD in those who had been exposed to BPN was then compared with the computed expected aBMD. BPN exposure in preadolescent years (age <14 years) was associated with a LS aBMD that was 9% more than the expected computed values in BPN‐naïve individuals (p < 0.01); however, such association was not observed across all ages. Exposure to i.v. BPN and treatment duration >2 years correlated with LS aBMD in preadolescent individuals. BPN exposure also had a significant association with non‐aBMD clinical outcome variables. Logistic regression modeling predicted that with BPN exposure, a 1‐year increase in age would be associated with an 8.2% decrease in fracture probability for preadolescent individuals with OI‐1, compared with no decrease in individuals who had never received any BPN (p < 0.05). In preadolescent individuals with OI‐1, a 0.1 g/cm2 increase in LS aBMD was associated with a 10.6% decrease in scoliosis probability, compared with a 46.8% increase in the BPN‐naïve group (p < 0.01). For the same changes in age and LS aBMD in preadolescent individuals, BPN exposure was also associated with higher mobility scores (p < 0.01), demonstrating that BPN treatment may be associated with daily function. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Localization of telocytes in rabbits testis: Histological and immunohistochemical approach
Authors: Awad Mahmoud , Ghanem Mohamed Elshabrawy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTelocyte (TC) is an interesting unique interstitial cell demonstrated in many human and animal tissues and organs. This study verified, for the first time, the pattern of TC distribution in the testicular tissue of New Zealand White rabbits using histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic tools. Rabbit testicular tissue samples were obtained from three pairs of adult healthy New Zealand white rabbit by surgical procedures. The testicular tissues were stained with hematoxyline–eosin, Crossmon's trichrome and Periodic acid Schiff. The immunohistochemistry was performed using three different antibodies CD34, CD117, and vimentin. The testes were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Histologically, TCs formed a sheath surrounding the seminiferous tubules. Other TCs were located in the interstitial tissue of the rabbit testis. Immunohistochemically, TCs reacted strongly with CD34, CD117, and vimentin. Scanning electron microscopic findings clearly elucidated the spreading pattern of TCs and their cytoplasmic processes with the interstitial tissue including blood vessels. Both homocellular and heterocellular junctions were demonstrated by transmission electron microscope. On the basis of TCs distribution and connections, the before mentioned data suggested that, TCs may play a potential role in maintaining the testicular construction and regulation. A future work is needed to clarify the actual role played by TCs in monitoring testicular fertility.Research highlightsTelocyte (TC) is a unique cell demonstrated in human and animal tissues.TCs formed a sheath surrounding the seminiferous tubules in rabbits and may be located in interstitial tissue.Immunohistochemically, TCs reacted strongly with CD34 and CD117.
Mannan-binding lectin deficiency exacerbates sterile liver injury in mice through enhancing hepatic neutrophil recruitment
Authors: Zhou Jia , Li Junru , Yu Yu , Liu Yan , Li Huifang , Liu Yunzhi , Wang Jun , Zhang Liyun , Lu Xiao , Chen Zhengliang , Zuo Daming 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Noninfectious liver injury, including the effects of drugs and diet, is a major cause of liver diseases worldwide. The innate inflammatory response to hepatocyte death plays a crucial role in the outcome of liver injury. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern recognition molecule of the innate immune system, which is primarily produced by liver. MBL deficiency occurs with high frequency in the population and is reported associated with predisposition to infectious diseases. We here observed that genetic MBL ablation strongly sensitizes mice to sterile liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Aggravated liver damage was shown in CCl4-administrated MBL−/− mice, as evidenced by severe hepatocyte death, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activity, and enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistic studies established that MBL deficiency caused increased chemokine CXCL2 production from liver macrophages upon CCl4 stimulation, thereby promoting the hepatic recruitment of neutrophils and subsequent liver damage. Furthermore, MBL-mediated protection from CCl4-induced liver injury was validated by administration of an MBL-expressing liver-specific adeno-associated virus, which effectively ameliorated the hepatic damage in CCl4-treated MBL–/– mice. We propose that MBL may be exploited as a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of chemical-induced sterile liver injury in patients with MBL deficiency.
MBL may be exploited as a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of chemically-induced sterile liver injury in patients with MBL deficiency.
Current state of MRI of the fetal brain in utero
Authors: Jarvis Deborah A. , Griffiths Paul D. 
Published: October 2018

In this article we provide an overview of fetal brain development, describe the range of more common fetal neuropathology, and discuss the relevance of in utero MR (iuMR). Although ultrasonography remains the mainstay of fetal brain imaging, iuMR imaging is both feasible and safe, but presents several challenges. We discuss those challenges, the techniques employed to overcome them, and new approaches that may extend the clinical applicability of fetal iuMR.Level of Evidence: Technical Efficacy Stage.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:632–646.