bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Amplification DNA on Endophytic Fungi of Local Aromatic Rice Enrekang
Authors: Syamsia S , Idham A , Patappari A , Noerfitryani N 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Local rice is one of the biodiversity that is currently not explored in detail. The exploration of endophytic fungi of local rice in South Sulawesi was carried out to find out the types of endophytic fungi in the local rice plant. Plant samples were taken from local rice plantations in the Tator, Enrekang, and Luwu regencies. DNA isolation and PCR amplification were the initial stages that need to be carried out in molecular identification. DNA fungi extraction was performed by using DNesay DNA extraction KIT. The result of DNA fungi isolation was electrophoresed with 0.8% agarose gel in TAE buffer (Tris Acetate EDTA). DNA isolation was successfully carried out by the formation of DNA bands. DNA amplification of two endophytic fungi using the primary pairs of ITS1 and ITS4, with condition PCR of predenaturation at 95°C for 5 minute, denaturation at 94°C for 1 minute, annealing at 55,4°C for 1 minute, elongation at 72°C for 1 minute, final elongation at 72°C for 10 minute. The denaturation stage until the extension was repeated 35 times and produced DNA fragments with a molecular size of 700 bp and 600 bp.
Trade Liberalization and Export Competitiveness: A Case Study on Indonesian Seaweed In the Global Market
Authors: Tombolotutu A D , Khaldun R I , Palampanga A M , Djirimu M A , Tenge E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This research aims to analyze the characteristics of Indonesian seaweed commodities, analyze Indonesian seaweed export competitiveness model in the global market, analyze the Government of Indonesia's efforts to improve the export competitiveness of Indonesian seaweed commodities and analyze the role of actors in increasing the Indonesian seaweed in the global market. This research used mix method analysis quantitative and qualitative, the collected data through primary data derived from Indonesian Seaweed Association and secondary data from United Nations Commodity and Trade, Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistic, Bank of Indonesia, Ministry of Trade. This research found that the characteristics of Indonesian seaweed according to several variables such as export competitiveness, productivity, raw material price, trade liberalization rate, inflation rate, exchange rate, research and investment development, and product differentiation have fluctuated value from 2006 to 2016. The result of regression data shows that interest rate, exchange rate, economic growth, raw material price, farmer wage rate, product differentiation, and liberalization policy has a positive effect on RCA seaweed. Inflation, productivity, nominal protection coefficient, and research development investment have a negative influence on RCA. The prediction on the competitiveness of Indonesian seaweed is that the competitiveness will still increase, but it depends on the economic condition of Indonesia in the future. It is necessary to have synergy between government, private, and universities to increase seaweed competitiveness in the global market.
The Utility of Thromboelastography to Guide Blood Product Transfusion
Authors: Schmidt Amy E , Israel Anna Karolina , Refaai Majed A 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo provide an overview of the clot viscoelastic testing technology and to describe its utility in guiding blood product transfusions.MethodsA case scenario will be discussed as well as interpretation of thromboelastography (TEG) tracings. In addition, literature examining the utility of viscoelastic testing in guiding patient management and blood product transfusions will be reviewed.ResultsTEG/rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is useful in evaluating clot kinetics in trauma and acutely bleeding patients. TEG/ROTEM parameters are reflective of values measured using standard coagulation assays; however, TEG/ROTEM parameters are more rapidly available and more costly. TEG and ROTEM are used in three main settings: cardiac surgery, liver transplantation, and trauma to assess global hemostasis and administration of blood products.ConclusionsTEG/ROTEM can be helpful in guiding resuscitation and blood product transfusion. Several studies have demonstrated a reduction in transfusion of blood components with TEG/ROTEM; however, other studies have suggested that TEG/ROTEM is not clinically effective in guiding transfusion.
Assessment of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis: practical guidelines
Authors: Filippi Massimo , Preziosa Paolo , Banwell Brenda L , Barkhof Frederik , Ciccarelli Olga , De Stefano Nicola , Geurts Jeroen J G , Paul Friedemann , Reich Daniel S , Toosy Ahmed T , Traboulsee Anthony , Wattjes Mike P , Yousry Tarek A , Gass Achim , Lubetzki Catherine , Weinshenker Brian G , Rocca Maria A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
MRI has improved the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis, but inappropriate image interpretation and application of MRI diagnostic criteria contribute to misdiagnosis. Some diseases, now recognized as conditions distinct from multiple sclerosis, may satisfy the MRI criteria for multiple sclerosis (e.g. neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, Susac syndrome), thus making the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis more challenging, especially if biomarker testing (such as serum anti-AQP4 antibodies) is not informative. Improvements in MRI technology contribute and promise to better define the typical features of multiple sclerosis lesions (e.g. juxtacortical and periventricular location, cortical involvement). Greater understanding of some key aspects of multiple sclerosis pathobiology has allowed the identification of characteristics more specific to multiple sclerosis (e.g. central vein sign, subpial demyelination and lesional rims), which are not included in the current multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria. In this review, we provide the clinicians and researchers with a practical guide to enhance the proper recognition of multiple sclerosis lesions, including a thorough definition and illustration of typical MRI features, as well as a discussion of red flags suggestive of alternative diagnoses. We also discuss the possible place of emerging qualitative features of lesions which may become important in the near future.
BEEF SPECIES–RUMINANT NUTRITION CACTUS BEEF SYMPOSIUM: Maternal immune modulation prior to embryo arrival in the uterus is important for establishment of pregnancy in cattle1
Authors: Gifford Craig A , Aloqaily Bahaa H , Hernandez Gifford Jennifer A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In 1953, Sir Peter Medawar first recognized the allogeneic properties of a developing conceptus and rationalized that an “immune-tolerant” physiological state must exist during pregnancy. Early theories speculated that the conceptus evaded the maternal immune system completely, but 40 yr after Medawar’s observations, Wegmann proposed that the maternal immune system shifts the cytokine profile away from inflammatory cytokine production when an embryo is present. The economic consequences and production losses of subfertile animals have been well documented in studies evaluating calving distribution. Despite advances in understanding infertility or subfertility, few technologies exist to identify subfertile animals or improve fertility beyond hormonal intervention associated with synchronization protocols. Work in rodents and some livestock species indicates that the uterine immune cell population shifts dramatically after copulation and these early immune-modulated events establish a receptive uterine environment. Clearly, as evident in embryo transfer, the presence of a conceptus is sufficient to establish communication for pregnancy establishment but does not rule out the importance of other physiological events to prime the maternal immune system prior to blastocyst arrival in the uterus. In support of this concept, work in our laboratory and by others has demonstrated that autologous intrauterine transfer of peripheral immune cells prior to embryo transfer can increase pregnancy rates and accelerate conceptus development in women and cattle. Understanding aberrant immune regulation in subfertile animals may provide markers for subfertility or targets for clinical intervention to enhance fertility, particularly when using reproductive technologies.
Characterization of an Amphetamine Interference from Gabapentin in an LC–HRMS Method
Authors: Muñoz-Muñoz Ana Celia , Pekol Teresa , Schubring Dana , Hyland Robin , Johnson Charlene , Andrade Lawrence 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An amphetamine interference was observed during the development of an liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) multi-class confirmation method for the determination of 47 drugs and metabolites in urine. The interference passed all qualitative criteria for amphetamine leading to potential false-positive results. Upon investigation, it was found that the amphetamine interference was correlated with the presence of high levels of gabapentin. Gabapentin is routinely detected in patient urine specimens at levels in excess of 1 mg/mL as it is widely prescribed at high doses and does not undergo significant metabolism. The source of the interference was identified as a gabapentin in-source fragment isomeric with protonated amphetamine. Here we describe the characterization of this interference and how its effect was mitigated in the LC–HRMS method.
Development and Field Evaluation of a Novel, Inexpensive Passive Trap for Monitoring Dispersal of Necrophagous Dipteran Larvae
Authors: Oliveira Diego Leandro , Barbosa Taciano Moura , Maia Artur C D , Vasconcelos Simão Dias 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Techniques for the survey of necrophagous dipterans are frequently designed for adult flies and often neglect forensically important information, such as the postfeeding larval dispersal following carcass colonization. In this study, we propose and test a novel trap design for the collection of dipteran larvae at the postfeeding stage. The Trap for Dispersing Larvae (TDL) consists of two semiindependent parts: 1) a 2-liter PET bottle, containing the attractant (carcass); and 2) a plastic box, which selectively captures postfeeding dispersing larvae. Based on a field test in a dry forest fragment in Brazil, the TDL trap captured ca. 1,500 larvae of 13 species of Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, and Sarcophagidae. The species richness of dispersing larvae recorded in our study was ca. 60% of that previously recorded in this area. As the TDL trap can assess larval dispersal without interfering with carcass decomposition, we demonstrate that it can be used to assess temporal variation in the dynamics of colonization. In the present study, most larval dispersal occurred at 5-d postexposure, but the traps remained efficient until 7 d, by which time rat carcasses had skeletonized. We conclude that the TDL trap captures the dispersing dipteran larvae with little interference in carcass decomposition processes. The trap also provides a representative sample of species and is simple to use and of low cost.
The cold-induced transcription factor bHLH112 promotes artemisinin biosynthesis indirectly via ERF1 in Artemisia annua
Authors: Xiang Lien , Jian Dongqin , Zhang Fangyuan , Yang Chunxian , Bai Ge , Lan Xiaozhong , Chen Min , Tang Kexuan , Liao Zhihua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBasic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are the second largest family of transcription factors (TFs) involved in developmental and physiological processes in plants. In this study, 205 putative bHLH TF genes were identified in the genome of Artemisia annua and expression of 122 of these was determined from transcriptomes used to construct the genetic map of A. annua. Analysis of gene expression association allowed division of the 122 bHLH TFs into five groups. Group V, containing 15 members, was tightly associated with artemisinin biosynthesis genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that two bHLH TFs, AabHLH106 and AabHLH112, were clustered with Arabidopsis ICE proteins. AabHLH112 was induced by low temperature, while AabHLH106 was not. We therefore chose AabHLH112 for further examination. AabHLH112 was highly expressed in glandular secretory trichomes, flower buds, and leaves. Dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that AabHLH112 enhanced the promoter activity of artemisinin biosynthesis genes and AaERF1, an AP2/ERF TF that directly and positively regulates artemisinin biosynthesis genes. Yeast one-hybrid assays indicated that AabHLH112 could bind to the AaERF1 promoter, but not to the promoters of artemisinin biosynthesis genes. Overexpression of AabHLH112 significantly up-regulated the expression levels of AaERF1 and artemisinin biosynthesis genes and consequently promoted artemisinin production.
The nuclear-localized PPR protein OsNPPR1 is important for mitochondrial function and endosperm development in rice
Authors: Hao Yuanyuan , Wang Yunlong , Wu Mingming , Zhu Xiaopin , Teng Xuan , Sun Yinglun , Zhu Jianping , Zhang Yuanyan , Jing Ruonan , Lei Jie , Li Jingfang , Bao Xiuhao , Wang Chunming , Wang Yihua , Wan Jianmin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins constitute one of the largest protein families in land plants. Recent studies revealed the functions of PPR proteins in organellar RNA metabolism and plant development, but the functions of most PPR proteins, especially PPRs localized in the nucleus, remain largely unknown. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a rice mutant named floury and growth retardation1 (fgr1). fgr1 showed floury endosperm with loosely arranged starch grains, decreased starch and amylose contents, and retarded seedling growth. Map-based cloning showed that the mutant phenotype was caused by a single nucleotide substitution in the coding region of Os08g0290000. This gene encodes a nuclear-localized PPR protein, which we named OsNPPR1, that affected mitochondrial function. In vitro SELEX and RNA-EMSAs showed that OsNPPR1 was an RNA protein that bound to the CUCAC motif. Moreover, a number of retained intron (RI) events were detected in fgr1. Thus, OsNPPR1 was involved in regulation of mitochondrial development and/or functions that are important for endosperm development. Our results provide novel insights into coordinated interaction between nuclear-localized PPR proteins and mitochondrial function.
The plant Mediator complex and its role in jasmonate signaling
Authors: Zhai Qingzhe , Li Chuanyou 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Mediator complex is an essential, multisubunit transcriptional coactivator that is highly conserved in eukaryotes. Mediator interacts with gene-specific transcription factors, the RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery, as well as several other factors involved in transcription, and acts as an integral hub to regulate various aspects of transcription. Recent studies of the plant Mediator complex have established that it functions in diverse aspects of plant development and fitness. Jasmonate (JA) is an oxylipin-derived plant hormone that regulates plant immunity and development. The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor MYC2, which is a master regulator of JA signaling, orchestrates genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming of plant cells to coordinate defense- and growth-related processes. Here, we review the function of the plant Mediator complex in regulating JA signaling. We focus on the multifunctional Mediator subunit MED25, which emerges as an integrative hub for the transcriptional regulation of jasmonate signaling.
Grieg As Storyteller: The Poetics of the Ballade in G Minor, Op. 24
Authors: Martin Gregory 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Critical discussion of Edvard Grieg’s Ballade has tended to dwell on more superficial aspects of its formal layout, rather than investigate the unique poetics that underlies its trajectory. This essay contends that in 1875, when he chose to write a song ‘so people will see / that even the North can be beautiful’, Grieg turned to the most profound and personal of Norway’s literary inheritances, the sagas and Eddas, for formal, structural, and aesthetic inspiration. The juxtaposition of ancient folksong and late-Romantic harmony fuels a dynamic interaction that not only creates the effect of a great abyss of time, but also serves as the dramatic impetus for Grieg’s narrative, one that gradually purges the theme of its chromaticism and transforms it into a barbaric final dance. Grieg’s engagement with his material may be seen as something analogous to the oral poet, illuminating aspects of storytelling sometimes unfamiliar in the Western tradition.
Nonsexually Transmitted Genital Ulcer Secondary to Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Authors: Wong Jennifer , Langford Andrea , Howard David L. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:
Genital ulcers that are not the result of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are uncommon, and case reports predominantly feature pubertal girls.

CASE:
A 38-year-old monogamous, nulliparous woman acutely developed painful vaginal ulcers 7 days after babysitting a child who was subsequently diagnosed with hand, foot, and mouth disease. The patient developed nonspecific systemic symptoms followed by painful and rapidly expanding genital ulcers. Laboratory test results for herpes, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and Epstein-Barr virus were all negative. The patient was treated with brief inpatient observation, oral prednisone, meticulous wound care, and debridement. The ulcers resolved over a 3-week period.

CONCLUSION:
Although typically associated with pubertal girls, genital ulcers that are not the result of STIs can affect adults as well. The cornerstone of management regardless of age is supportive care, debridement and wound care, and treatment with steroids.
Potential Consequences of Minimum-Volume Standards for Hospitals Treating Women With Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wright Jason D. , Huang Yongmei , Melamed Alexander , Tergas Ana I. , St. Clair Caryn M. , Hou June Y. , Khoury-Collado Fady , Ananth Cande V. , Neugut Alfred I. , Hershman Dawn L. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the potential effects of implementing minimum hospital volume standards for ovarian cancer on survival and access to care.

METHODS:
We used the National Cancer Database to identify hospitals treating women with ovarian cancer from 2005 to 2015. We estimated the number of patients treated by each hospital during the prior year. Multivariable models were used to estimate the ratio of observed/expected 60-day, and 1-, 2- and 5-year mortalities. The mean predicted observed/expected ratio of hospitals was plotted based on prior year volume. The number of hospitals that would be restricted if minimum-volume standards were implemented was modeled.

RESULTS:
A total of 136,196 patients treated at 1,321 hospitals were identified. Increasing hospital volume was associated with decreased 60-day (P=.004), 1-year (P<.001), 2-year (P<.001) and 5-year (P=.008) mortality. In 2015, using a minimum-volume cutpoint of one case in the prior year would eliminate 144 (13.6%) hospitals (treated 2.6% of all patients); a cutpoint of three would eliminate 364 (34.5%) hospitals (treated 7.7% of the patients). The mean observed/expected ratios for hospitals with a prior year volume of 1 was 1.14 for 60-day mortality, 1.06 for 1-year mortality, 1.12 for 2-year mortality, and 1.08 for 5-year mortality. Among hospitals with a prior year volume of one, 49.2% had an observed/expected ratio for 2-year mortality of at least 1 (indicating worse than expected performance), and 50.8% had an observed/expected ratio of less than 1 (indicating better than expected performance). The mean observed/expected ratios for hospitals with a prior year volume of two or less were 1.11 for 60-day mortality, 1.09 for 1-year mortality, 1.08 for 2-year mortality, and 1.07 for 5-year mortality. Implementing a minimum-volume standard of one case in the prior year would result in one fewer death for every 198 patients at 60 days, for every 613 patients at 1 year, and for every 62 patients at 5 years.

CONCLUSION:
Implementation of minimum hospital volume standards could restrict care at a significant number of hospitals, including many centers with better-than-predicted outcomes.
Systolic Hypertension, Preeclampsia-Related Mortality, and Stroke in California
Authors: Judy Amy E. , McCain Christy L. , Lawton Elizabeth S. , Morton Christine H. , Main Elliott K. , Druzin Maurice L. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the clinical characteristics of stroke and opportunities to improve care in a cohort of preeclampsia-related maternal mortalities in California.

METHODS:
The California Pregnancy-Associated Mortality Review retrospectively examined a cohort of preeclampsia pregnancy-related deaths in California from 2002 to 2007. Stroke cases were identified among preeclampsia deaths, and case summaries were reviewed with attention to clinical variables, particularly hypertension. Health care provider– and patient-related contributing factors were also examined.

RESULTS:
Among 54 preeclampsia pregnancy-related deaths that occurred in California from 2002 to 2007, 33 were attributed to stroke. Systolic blood pressure exceeded 160 mm Hg in 96% of cases, and diastolic blood pressure was 110 or higher in 65% of cases. Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome was present in 38% (9/24) of cases with available laboratory data; eclampsia occurred in 36% of cases. Headache was the most frequent symptom (87%) preceding stroke. Elevated liver transaminases were the most common laboratory abnormality (71%). Only 48% of women received antihypertensive treatment. A good-to-strong chance to alter outcome was identified in stroke cases 66% (21/32), with delayed response to clinical warning signs in 91% (30/33) of cases and ineffective treatment in 76% (25/33) cases being the most common areas for improvement.

CONCLUSION:
Stroke is the major cause of maternal mortality associated with preeclampsia or eclampsia. All but one patient in this series of strokes demonstrated severe elevation of systolic blood pressure, whereas other variables were less consistently observed. Antihypertensive treatment was not implemented in the majority of cases. Opportunities for care improvement exist and may significantly affect maternal mortality.
The dilemma of treating hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Roccatello Dario , Fenoglio Roberta , Sciascia Savino 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of reviewThe present review focuses on the new therapeutic opportunities offered by the combination of biological drugs, mainly Rituximab, with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs).Recent findingsHepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to be the etiologic agent in the majority of patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome. Clinical research has been focused on antiviral drugs and, more recently, on the new, highly potent DAAs. New DAAs assure sustained virologic response (SVR) rates greater than 90% with relief of mild-to-moderate symptoms.SummaryMixed cryoglobulinemia may present with multiorgan vasculitis involving kidneys, joints, skin, and peripheral nerves. Data on DAAs efficacy in HCV-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis are disappointing possibly because of the inability of these drugs to suppress the immune-mediated process once it has been triggered. Immunosuppression has often been employed in the past as a first-line therapy in cryoglobulinemic vasculitis despite the potential risk of the infection exacerbation. However, more manageable Rituximab-based therapeutic approaches have been more recently used without increase of viral load. Rituximab substantially changed the outcome of HCV-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis by providing long-term remission. A combination schedule of DAAs and Rituximab may result in eradication of both cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and HCV infection.