bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design considerations for the enhancement of human color vision by breaking binocular redundancy
Authors: Gundlach Bradley S. , Frising Michel , Shahsafi Alireza , Vershbow Gregory , Wan Chenghao , Salman Jad , Rokers Bas , Lessard Laurent , Kats Mikhail A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo see color, the human visual system combines the response of three types of cone cells in the retina—a compressive process that discards a significant amount of spectral information. Here, we present designs based on thin-film optical filters with the goal of enhancing human color vision by breaking its inherent binocular redundancy, providing different spectral content to each eye. We fabricated a set of optical filters that “splits” the response of the short-wavelength cone between the two eyes in individuals with typical trichromatic vision, simulating the presence of approximately four distinct cone types. Such an increase in the number of effective cone types can reduce the prevalence of metamers—pairs of distinct spectra that resolve to the same tristimulus values. This technique may result in an enhancement of spectral perception, with applications ranging from camouflage detection and anti-counterfeiting to new types of artwork and data visualization.
Adenosine Kinase couples sensing of cellular potassium depletion to purine metabolism
Authors: de Oliveira Renata Rocha , Morales-Neto Raphael , Rocco Silvana Aparecida , Sforça Maurício Luis , Polo Carla Cristina , Tonoli Celisa Caldana Costa , Mercaldi Gustavo Fernando , Cordeiro Artur Torres , Murakami Mário Tyago , Franchini Kleber Gomes 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAdenosine Kinase (ADK) regulates the cellular levels of adenosine (ADO) by fine-tuning its metabolic clearance. The transfer of γ-phosphate from ATP to ADO by ADK involves regulation by the substrates and products, as well as by Mg2+ and inorganic phosphate. Here we present new crystal structures of mouse ADK (mADK) binary (mADK:ADO; 1.2 Å) and ternary (mADK:ADO:ADP; 1.8 Å) complexes. In accordance with the structural demonstration of ADO occupancy of the ATP binding site, kinetic studies confirmed a competitive model of auto-inhibition of ADK by ADO. In the ternary complex, a K+ ion is hexacoordinated between loops adjacent to the ATP binding site, where Asp310 connects the K+ coordination sphere to the ATP binding site through an anion hole structure. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 2D 15N-1H HSQC experiments revealed that the binding of K+ perturbs Asp310 and residues of adjacent helices 14 and 15, engaging a transition to a catalytically productive structure. Consistent with the structural data, the mutants D310A and D310P are catalytically deficient and loose responsiveness to K+. Saturation Transfer Difference spectra of ATPγS provided evidence for an unfavorable interaction of the mADK D310P mutant for ATP. Reductions in K+ concentration diminish, whereas increases enhance the in vitro activity of mADK (maximum of 2.5-fold; apparent Kd = 10.4 mM). Mechanistically, K+ increases the catalytic turnover (Kcat) but does not affect the affinity of mADK for ADO or ATP. Depletion of intracellular K+ inhibited, while its restoration was accompanied by a full recovery of cellular ADK activity. Together, this novel dataset reveals the molecular basis of the allosteric activation of ADK by K+ and highlights the role of ADK in connecting depletion of intracellular K+ to the regulation of purine metabolism.
Combined quantification of procalcitonin and HLA-DR improves sepsis detection in surgical patients
Authors: Almansa Raquel , Martín Silvia , Martin-Fernandez Marta , Heredia-Rodríguez María , Gómez-Sánchez Esther , Aragón Marta , Andrés Cristina , Calvo Dolores , Rico-Feijoo Jesus , Esteban-Velasco Maria Carmen , Vaquero-Roncero Luis Mario , Ortega Alicia , Gómez-Pesquera Estefania , Lorenzo-López Mario , de Cenarruzabeitia Iñigo López , Benavides Diana , López-Sanchez Jaime , Doncel Cristina , González-Sanchez Carmen , Zarca Esther , Ríos-Llorente Alberto , Diaz Agustín , Sanchez-Barrado Elisa , de Heredia Juan Beltran , Calvo-Vecino Jose Maria , Muñoz-Bellvís Luis , Gomez-Herreras Jose Ignacio , Aldecoa César , Tamayo Eduardo , Bermejo-Martin Jesus F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEarly recognition of sepsis is a key factor to improve survival to this disease in surgical patients, since it allows prompt control of the infectious source. Combining pro-inflammatory and immunosupression biomarkers could represent a good strategy to improve sepsis detection. Here we evaluated the combination of procalcitonin (PCT) with gene expression levels of HLA-DRA to detect sepsis in a cohort of 154 surgical patients (101 with sepsis and 53 with no infection). HLA-DRA expression was quantified using droplet digital PCR, a next-generation PCR technology. Area under the receiver operating curve analysis (AUROC) showed that the PCT/HLA-DRA ratio outperformed PCT to detect sepsis (AUROC [CI95%], p): PCT: 0.80 [0.73–0.88], <0.001; PCT/HLA-DRA: 0.85 [0.78–0.91], <0.001. In the multivariate analysis, the ratio showed a superior ability to predict sepsis compared to that of PCT (OR [CI 95%], p): PCT/HLA-DRA: 7.66 [1.82–32.29], 0.006; PCT: 4.21 [1.15–15.43] 0.030. Multivariate analysis was confirmed using a new surgical cohort with 74 sepsis patients and 21 controls: PCT/HLA-DRA: 34.86 [1.22–995.08], 0.038; PCT: 5.52 [0.40–75.78], 0.201. In conclusion, the combination of PCT with HLA-DRA is a promising strategy for improving sepsis detection in surgical patients.
Revisiting the exomoon candidate signal around Kepler-1625 b
Authors: Rodenbeck Kai , Heller René , Hippke Michael , Gizon Laurent 
Published: August 2018

Context. Transit photometry of the Jupiter-sized exoplanet candidate Kepler-1625 b has recently been interpreted as showing hints of a moon. This exomoon, the first of its kind, would be as large as Neptune and unlike any moon we know from the solar system.
Aims. We aim to clarify whether the exomoon-like signal is indeed caused by a large object in orbit around Kepler-1625 b, or whether it is caused by stellar or instrumental noise or by the data detrending procedure.
Methods. To prepare the transit data for model fitting, we explore several detrending procedures using second-, third-, and fourth-order polynomials and an implementation of the Cosine Filtering with Autocorrelation Minimization (CoFiAM). We then supply a light curve simulator with the co-planar orbital dynamics of the system and fit the resulting planet–moon transit light curves to the Kepler data. We employ the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to assess whether a single planet or a planet–moon system is a more likely interpretation of the light curve variations. We carry out a blind hare-and-hounds exercise using many noise realizations by injecting simulated transits into different out-of-transit parts of the original Kepler-1625 light curve: (1) 100 sequences with three synthetic transits of a Kepler-1625 b-like Jupiter-size planet and (2) 100 sequences with three synthetic transits of a Kepler-1625 b-like planet with a Neptune-sized moon.
Results. The statistical significance and characteristics of the exomoon-like signal strongly depend on the detrending method (polynomials versus cosines), the data chosen for detrending, and the treatment of gaps in the light curve. Our injection-retrieval experiment shows evidence of moons in about 10% of those light curves that do not contain an injected moon. Strikingly, many of these false-positive moons resemble the exomoon candidate, that is, a Neptune-sized moon at about 20 Jupiter radii from the planet. We recover between about one third and one half of the injected moons, depending on the detrending method, with radii and orbital distances broadly corresponding to the injected values.
Conclusions. A ΔBIC of − 4.9 for the CoFiAM-based detrending is indicative of an exomoon in the three transits of Kepler-1625 b. This solution, however, is only one out of many and we find very different solutions depending on the details of the detrending method. We find it concerning that the detrending is so clearly key to the exomoon interpretation of the available data of Kepler-1625 b. Further high-accuracy transit observations may overcome the effects of red noise but the required amount of additional data might be large.
Unter welchen Bedingungen ist eine ambulante Tonsillektomie sicher?
Authors: Wilhelm Thomas 
Published: August 2018

Morris S et al. Overnight in-hospital observation following tonsillectomy: retrospective study of post-operative intervention. J Laryngol Otol 2018; 132: 46–52
Die Sicherheit der ambulanten oder tagesklinischen Tonsillektomie ist gut dokumentiert. Allerdings existieren keine evidenzbasierten Leitlinien, die empfehlen, bei bestimmten Patienten keine ambulante Tonsillektomie auszuführen. Daher wollten australische Ärzte herausfinden, unter welchen Umständen eine ambulante Tonsillektomie als unsicher angesehen werden kann.
The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Markers Related to Endothelial Function Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: Tabrizi Reza , Vakili Sina , Lankarani Kamran , Akbari Maryam , Jamilian Mehri , Mahdizadeh Zahra , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to summarize the effect of vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function among people with metabolic syndrome and related disorders. Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science database were searched to identify related RCTs published up 20th May 2018. To check heterogeneity a Q-test and I2 statistics were used. Data were pooled by using the random-effect model and standardized mean difference (SMD) was considered as summary effect size. Twenty-two trials of 931 potential citations were found to be eligible for current meta-analysis. The pooled findings by using random effects model indicated that vitamin D supplementation to individuals with MetS and related disorders significantly increased flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) (SMD=1.10; 95% CI, 0.38, 1.81, p=0.003). However, it did not affect pulse-wave velocity (PWV) (SMD=0.04; 95% CI, –0.25, 0.33, p=0.80) and augmentation index (AI) (SMD=0.07; 95% CI, –0.25, 0.40; p=0.65). Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation to patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders resulted in an improvement in FMD, but did not influence PWV and AI.
Increased Numbers of Circulating Tumor Cells in Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Ehlers Margret , Allelein Stephanie , Schwarz Franziska , Hautzel Hubertus , Kuebart Anne , Schmidt Mathias , Haase Matthias , Dringenberg Till , Schott Matthias 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) have been shown to be a valuable prognostic marker for different solid cancers. Within the present study we quantified CTCs in thyroid cancer (TC) patients. Special focus was given to disease-free PTC patients with undetectable serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels. Altogether, 67 TC patients (33 papillary, 20 follicular, 14 medullary) were included in the study. CTC numbers, which were normalized to 3.3×105 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were correlated with clinical outcome. TC patients had significantly higher CTC numbers compared to controls. The number of CTCs correlated to the initial tumor stage. Importantly, in comparison to controls, differentiated TC patients with serum Tg levels<0.3 ng/ml (no evidence of tumor recurrence) revealed a significantly higher amount of CTCs, also associated to their former tumor stage. Regarding the tumor-free papillary TC (PTC) patients the number of CTCs additionally correlated to the time point of radioiodine (RI) therapy: PTC patients with RI therapies>8 years before CTC measurement had significantly higher CTC numbers compared to those with RI therapy<8 years ago. We found a clear correlation between the number of CTCs and the tumor stage. Importantly, PTC patients who are in remission may still have increased numbers of CTCs. Follow-up analyses in these patients will reveal whether these data will have a clinical impact.
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung im Koalitionsvertrag: Eine qualitative Analyse
Authors: von Philipsborn Peter , Drees Simon , Geffert Karin , Krisam Mathias , Nohl-Deryk Pascal , Stratil Jan 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Förderung gesunder Lebensbedingungen hat in der Vergangenheit wesentlich zur Verlängerung der gesunden Lebenszeit der Bevölkerung in Deutschland und weltweit beigetragen. Trotz dieser Forschritte führen in Deutschland vermeidbare verhaltens-, umwelt- und berufsbedingte Risikofaktoren weiterhin zu einer erheblichen Krankheitslast. Viele dieser Risikofaktoren werden maßgeblich von Rahmensetzungen auf politischer Ebene beeinflusst. Der am 14. März 2018 beschlossene Koalitionsvertrag zwischen CDU, CSU und SPD gibt Anhaltspunkte zu entsprechenden Prioritätensetzungen und Vorhaben der Bundesregierung.
Methodik Der Koalitionsvertrag zwischen CDU, CSU und SPD wurde mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse auf Inhalte mit Bezug zu Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden tabellarisch und narrativ dargestellt und vor dem Hintergrund der wissenschaftlichen Evidenzlage und des politischen Kontexts diskutiert.
Ergebnisse Im Koalitionsvertrag werden diverse Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der Prävention im Allgemeinen, der Prävention spezifischer Krankheiten und Krankheitsgruppen sowie zur Reduktion von verhaltens-, umwelt- und berufsbedingten Risikofaktoren diskutiert. Vorgesehen ist unter anderen eine Evaluation und Weiterentwicklung des Präventionsgesetzes, ein Ausbau der Präventionsforschung, die Entwicklung einer nationalen Adipositas-Strategie sowie Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Impfquoten.
Diskussion Die umfassende Verankerung von Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung im Koalitionsvertrag ist begrüßenswert. Ein Abgleich mit Empfehlungen relevanter Fachgesellschaften zeigt jedoch, dass eine Reihe wichtiger Handlungsfelder unerwähnt bleiben. Hierzu zählen unter anderen die Regulierung der Werbung für Tabak und Alkohol sowie steuerpolitische Maßnahmen. Zudem bleiben viele Aussagen im Koalitionsvertrag vage. Damit es zur Umsetzung wirkungsvoller Maßnahmen kommt, wird es der Aufmerksamkeit und politischen Drucks von Seiten der wissenschaftlichen Fachgemeinschaft, zivilgesellschaftlicher Organisationen, der Medien sowie der Regierungs- und Oppositionsfraktionen im Bundestag bedürfen. Die im Koalitionsvertrag vorgesehene Zwischenevaluation zur Mitte der Legislaturperiode kann Wissenschaft, Politik und Zivilgesellschaft Anlass geben, die bis dahin erfolgten Umsetzungsleistungen kritisch zu prüfen.
Clinical Assessment and Management of Portal Hypertension
Authors: Kibrit Jacob , Khan Ruben , Jung Barbara , Koppe Sean 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe development of portal hypertension in a patient with cirrhosis portends a poor prognosis. Untreated or progressive portal hypertension has serious clinical outcomes, which are often fatal. It is important to recognize portal hypertension early to delay progression and to treat complications of portal hypertension as they arise. This review will focus on the clinical assessment and management of portal hypertension.
Endovascular Treatment for Variceal Hemorrhage: TIPS, BRTO, and Combined Approaches
Authors: Pandhi Mithil , Khabbaz Ramzy , Gaba Ron , Lipnik Andrew 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVariceal hemorrhage is a feared complication of portal hypertension, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Optimal management requires a thoughtful, multidisciplinary approach. In cases of refractory or recurrent esophageal hemorrhage, endovascular approaches such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) have a well-defined role. For hemorrhage related to gastric varices, the optimal treatment remains to be established; however, there is increasing adoption of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO). This article will review the concept, history, patient selection, basic technique, and outcomes for TIPS, BRTO, and combined TIPS + BRTO procedures for variceal hemorrhage.
Hepatorenal Syndrome: Physiology, Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Chmielewski Joseph , Lewandowski Robert , Maddur Haripriya 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIndividuals with end-stage liver disease are susceptible to a myriad of highly morbid complications, including hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). This specific type of renal dysfunction in patients with underlying liver disease occurs in pathophysiologically normal kidneys and is a result of renal vasoconstriction secondary to diminished renal blood flow in the setting of worsening hepatic dysfunction. Liver transplantation is curative; shortage of available organs limits access to this beneficial therapy. Medical management of HRS has demonstrated increasing promise. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation has also been shown to be efficacious in enhancing transplant-free survival, although further study is advisable before widespread implementation of this strategy.
Acute Portal Vein Thrombosis: Current Trends in Medical and Endovascular Management
Authors: Seedial Stephen , Mouli Samdeep , Desai Kush 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAcute portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a relatively rare diagnosis with a nonspecific clinical presentation. Imaging plays an important role in establishing the diagnosis as well as the etiology and complications of acute PVT. Prompt diagnosis is essential to prevent catastrophic short-term complications including bowel infarction, sepsis, and possible death; missed diagnosis can also result in the long-term sequelae of portal hypertension. Differentiation of acute from chronic PVT is crucial as management strategies differ. Currently, guidelines for treating acute PVT recommend immediate initiation of systemic anticoagulation. Catheter-directed therapy may be used in combination with systemic anticoagulation in the setting of bowel ischemia or as an adjunct in patients with a contraindication to systemic anticoagulation. In this review article, we discuss the diagnosis and clinical features of acute PVT, focusing on current medical and endovascular management strategies including mechanical thrombectomy and fibrinolytic therapy.
New Techniques and Devices in Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Placement
Authors: RiChard Jamie , Thornburg Bartley 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently, new techniques and devices in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement have emerged that can improve upon the standard procedure. Ultrasound guidance during TIPS with intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), placement of controlled expansion (CX) stents, and portal vein recanalization (PVR) via transsplenic access are three techniques with new data supporting their implementation. ICE guidance can improve the technical success of difficult cases, decrease procedure time, and decrease complications such as capsular puncture, hemobilia, and hepatic artery injury. CX stents offer the operator better control over the final portosystemic gradient, which is particularly useful in patients with a high risk of post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy. Finally, transsplenic access provides a stable, antegrade route for PVR, which can be used to optimize transplant candidacy as well as treat the sequelae of portal hypertension in patients with portal vein thrombosis. This article will describe the benefits, technical parameters, and patient selection criteria for each of these new techniques.
Similar Outcome, but Different Surgical Requirement in Conversion Total Knee Arthroplasty following High Tibial Osteotomy and Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee Yong Seuk , Kim Hyun Jung , Mok Su Jung , Lee O-Sung 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to find out how effective any subsequent conversion total knee arthroplasty (TKA) would be after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and which is better in outcomes. A rigorous and systematic approach was used. Each of the selected studies was evaluated for methodological quality. Data were extracted by the following standardized protocol: study design, level of evidence, cases enrolled, age, sex ratio, follow-up, kind of index surgery, type of index surgery, average time to failure, mode of failure, surgical data, preclinical score, post-clinical score, and major related complications. Nineteen articles were included in the final analysis. In conversion TKA following UKA, revision components (metal augment, bone graft, and stem) were frequently used, and thicker polyethylene was used comparing to the primary TKA. In the conversion TKA following HTO, only stem was more common (relative risk of revision component UKA:HTO = 0.57:0.07). The estimated range of motions (ROM) of conversion TKA following HTO and UKA was 107.75° (101.93–113.58°) and 111.84° (108.41–115.26°), respectively (p > 0.05). The knee scores of conversion TKA following HTO and UKA were 89.10 (86.45, 91.75) and 85.48 (79.82, 91.14), respectively (p > 0.05). The function scores were 78.60 (72.44, 84.76) and 75.60 (69.85, 81.35), respectively (p > 0.05). Clinical outcome was similar between conversion TKA following HTO and UKA. However, conversion TKA after UKA required more revision components and thicker polyethylene, while conversion TKA after HTO sometimes required a stem to bypass the osteotomy gap.
Non-Nutritive Sucking in the Preterm Infant
Authors: Dewey Kelsey , Jacobsen Amy , Smith Joan , Pineda Roberta 
Published: August 2018

Objective To identify the progression of non-nutritive sucking (NNS) across postmenstrual age (PMA) and to investigate the relationship of NNS with medical and social factors and oral feeding.
Study Design Fifty preterm infants born at ≤32 weeks gestation had NNS assessed weekly starting at 32 weeks PMA with the NTrainer System. Oral feeding was assessed at 38 weeks PMA.
Results There were increases in NNS bursts per minute (p = 0.005), NNS per minute (p < 0.0001), NNS per burst (p < 0.001), and peak pressure (p = 0.0003) with advancing PMA. Level of immaturity and medical complications were related to NNS measures (p < 0.05). NNS measures were not related to Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale scores. Smaller weekly change in NNS peak pressure (p = 0.03; β = –1.4) was related to feeding success at 38 weeks PMA.
Conclusion Infants demonstrated NNS early in gestation. Variability in NNS scores could reflect medical complications and immaturity. More stable sucking pressure across time was related to feeding success at 38 weeks PMA.
Condroblastomas del carpo: caso clínico y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Lázaro Leonardo , Ferreres-Claramunt Ángel 
Published: August 2018

ResumenLos condroblastomas son tumores benignos poco frecuentes (su incidencia corresponde a menos del 1% de los tumores óseos primarios), de aparición habitual en la epífisis de huesos largos; siendo el fémur distal y la tibia proximal sus sitios de aparición más habituales. Es raro el asiento de esas lesiones en los huesos del carpo. A pesar de que sigue siendo considerado un tumor benigno, puede tener un comportamiento agresivo, tanto como recidiva local como produciendo metástasis. Presentamos un caso de un paciente de 16 años que presentó un condroblastoma de escafoides con recidivas en dos ocasiones tras un tratamiento convencional de legrado e injerto.