bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Frequency Acoustic Performance of a Microperforated Panel Integrated Coiled-Up Space Absorber With Subwavelength Thickness
Authors: Anaghraj R. , Mahesh K. , Mini R. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Low-frequency broadband sound absorption with minimal dimensions and material cost is an ongoing research challenge in engineering acoustics. Common acoustic structures, such as microperforated panels (MPPs) and porous structures, are ineffective in alleviating low-frequency noise. In this context, a sound-absorbing panel consisting of two axially coiled-up tubes and MPP is proposed for effective low-frequency noise abatement. Initially, an electro-acoustic analogy-based analytical approach is developed to predict the acoustic absorption performance of series and parallel configurations of MPP and coiled-up tubes, and the findings are corroborated by full-field finite element simulations. The parametric analyses revealed that by carefully choosing the geometric features of the coiled-up tubes, the absorption spectra of each tube can be coupled with that of MPP. Thus the bandwidth of absorption can be broadened. Furthermore, it is observed that the parallel configuration of MPP and coiled-up tubes significantly lowered the thickness of the absorber without affecting the absorption bandwidth. Importantly, the parallel configuration of MPP and coiled-up space demonstrated more than 80% absorption in the frequency range of 250–350 Hz.
Optimizing Cable Wrapping Patterns to Neutralize Dynamic Impacts on Host Plate Structures for Space Applications
Authors: Oluyemi Momoiyioluwa , Agrawal Pranav , Shendy Mohamed , Salehian Armaghan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the realm of lightweight space structures, the interplay between power and control signal transmission cables and their host structures introduces intriguing dynamics. The presented article aims to investigate optimal geometries for cable placement on plate structures while preserving the dynamic characteristics of the host structure. The cable wrapping is assumed to be periodic such that the cable-harnessed structure consists of several repeating fundamental elements. The periodicity condition allows for the application of an energy-equivalence homogenization approach to develop an analytical model resulting in partial differential equations for the vibrations of the cable-harnessed plate system. An optimization strategy is developed to rank various cable patterns for several host plate structures to obtain the best match for their frequency response functions compared to the bare plate when no cables are attached. Subsequently, a detailed analysis to investigate the impacts of several wrapping parameters on the system’s dynamics is carried out. Lastly, the frequency response functions for the optimal pattern from the analytical solution are validated against those from the finite element model and have shown to be in excellent agreement.
Similarities and Differences of Youth Males and Females Experiences in Organized Sport: A Case Study of Gaelic Games
Authors: Lane Aoife , Donnelly Paul , Horgan Peter , McKay Michael 
Published: November 2024

Consistently, in different contexts, young males are more likely to play organized sport than young females. The purpose of this analysis is to describe how young males and females engage in organized sport, using a cross-sectional sample of 5,049 participants aged 13–20 years who are active in Gaelic games such as hurling, camogie, and Gaelic football across the island of Ireland. Data were collected using an online questionnaire developed by a project steering group. A pilot study was carried out before distribution of the refined questionnaire in club settings. Results indicated that females start playing Gaelic games at age 6.6 years, almost 1 year later than males (p < .05), and report significantly lower participation in Gaelic games in school and in their own time (p < .05). Females also engage in significantly less muscle strengthening activity for sport, and are also less likely to play other sports, and tend to drop off from other sports at a younger age than males (p < .05). Males and females play Gaelic games to be fit and healthy, for fun, and for enjoyment. This research suggests that despite similar motives for sport participation, a gendered environment exists for young females in Gaelic games. Females have a different exposure to sport than males, which likely impacts key factors related to adherence, including physical and technical competence and confidence, and enjoyment. Leaders and practitioners across sport should endeavor to profile, challenge and intervene on how males and females experience sport to ensure equal opportunities for all young people who play sport.
Tetracycline induces
wsp
operon expression to promote biofilm formation in
Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Mu Kexin , He Meina , Chen Haozhe , Liu Tong , Fan Ying , Tao Yongxin , Feng Haoqi , Huang Qiaoyun , Xiao Yujie , Chen Wenli 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The overuse and wanton discharge of antibiotics produces a threat to bacteria in the environment, which, in turn, stimulates the more rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Pseudomonas putida
actively forms biofilms to protect the population under tetracycline stress, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study found that tetracycline at sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations increased cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), a second messenger that positively regulates biofilm formation. Four c-di-GMP-metabolizing proteins were found to be involved in the tetracycline-mediated biofilm promotion, including DibA, WspR, PP_3242, and PP_3319. Among them, the diguanylate cyclase WspR displayed the most significant effect on c-di-GMP level and biofilm formation.
WspR
belongs to the
wsp
operon comprising seven genes (
wspA–wspF
and
wspR
). The
wsp
operon contained six promoters, including one major start promoter (P

wspA

) and five internal promoters (P

wspB

, P

wspC

, P

wspD

, P

wspF

, and P

wspR

), and tetracycline promoted the activity of P

wspA

. The stress-response sigma factor RpoS directly bound to P

wspA

and positively regulated its activity under tetracycline stress. Moreover, RpoS was required for tetracycline to induce P

wspA

activity and promote biofilm formation. Our results enrich the transcriptional regulation of the
wsp
operon and reveal the mechanism by which tetracycline promotes biofilm formation in
P. putida
.

IMPORTANCE

The overuse and wanton discharge of antibiotics produces a threat to bacteria in the environment, which, in turn, stimulates the more rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The
Pseudomonas putida
actively forms biofilm against antibiotic threats, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, our results showed that tetracycline treatment at sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations could induce the expression of the Wsp system via the sigma factor RpoS in
P. putida
, resulting in elevated c-di-GMP levels, which leads to increased biofilm formation. The
wsp
operon contains one major promoter and five internal promoters, and RpoS directly binds to the major promoter to promote its activity.
“It’s like being chained up”: the oral mucositis experiences of children and young people with cancer, their parents, and healthcare professionals– a qualitative study
Authors: Heggie Claudia , Chauhan Amrit , Gray-Burrows Kara , Day Peter F , Phillips Bob 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThe objective is to explore the experiences of children and young people (CYP) with cancer, their parents, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in their care of oral mucositis.DesignA qualitative study was conducted. CYP with experience of mucositis were purposively sampled, aiming for diversity in age, sex and cancer diagnosis. HCPs were purposively sampled aiming for diversity in professional role and years of experience. Semi-structured interviews with CYP and their parents and focus groups with HCPs were conducted. Interviews were audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Anonymised transcripts underwent reflexive thematic analysis using an inductive essentialist approach. Codes were discussed and constant comparisons made to increase validity. Recruitment occurred alongside analysis until no new codes were identified.Results27 participants were interviewed (8 CYP, 10 parents, 9 HCPs). CYP had diverse cancer diagnoses and were aged between 8 and 15 years. HCPs had diverse professional roles across medicine, dentistry, nursing, dental nursing, and play therapy with a mean of 7.4 years of experience in their individual role. Four themes were generated: (1) mucositis as a multifaceted, negative emotive experience, (2) being taken away from ‘normality’, (3) complex biopsychosocial impact on eating and (4) management of mucositis presents additional strain. Within these themes, multiple subthemes were generated and cross-cutting challenges in maintaining oral health were identified.ConclusionOral mucositis presents a significant challenge to CYP, families and HCPs during cancer treatment functionally, psychologically and socially, with an adverse impact on treatment experiences. Prevention of oral mucositis is a priority to these groups within supportive cancer care.
PRAGA: A Priority-Aware Hardware/Software Co-design for High-Throughput Graph Processing Acceleration
Authors: Zheng Long , Zhu Bing , Yao Pengcheng , Zhou Yuhang , Pan Chengao , Zhao Wenju , Liao Xiaofei , Jin Hai , Xue Jingling 
Published: November 2024

Graph processing is pivotal in deriving insights from complex data structures but faces performance limitations due to the irregular nature of graphs. Traditional general-purpose processors often struggle with low instruction-level parallelism and energy inefficiency when handling graph data. In response, modern graph accelerators have embraced an intra-edge-parallel model to enhance parallelization, significantly outperforming conventional processors. However, the indiscriminate processing of edges in existing systems results in substantial computational redundancy, negatively impacting overall efficiency.
This paper introduces PRAGA, an innovative graph accelerator designed to optimize efficiency by selectively processing edges that significantly contribute to final results while preserving high computational parallelism. PRAGA utilizes an intra-edge-sequential model, prioritizing edge processing to capitalize on coarse-grained vertex-level parallelism and minimize unnecessary computations. It incorporates a hot-value manager to alleviate network-on-chip congestion and a memory-aware coalescer to minimize redundant data accesses. Our experimental results, obtained using a Xilinx Alveo U280 FPGA accelerator card, demonstrate that PRAGA achieves speedups of 17.88 × and 5.86 × over state-of-the-art accelerators ScalaGraph and GraphDyns, respectively, and outperforms the advanced GPU-based system Gunrock by 22.52 × on average. This substantial improvement underscores PRAGA’s potential to redefine performance benchmarks in graph processing.
Machine Learning for Climate Physics and Simulations
Authors: Lai Ching-Yao , Hassanzadeh Pedram , Sheshadri Aditi , Sonnewald Maike , Ferrari Raffaele , Balaji Venkatramani 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We discuss the emerging advances and opportunities at the intersection of machine learning (ML) and climate physics, highlighting the use of ML techniques, including supervised, unsupervised, and equation discovery, to accelerate climate knowledge discoveries and simulations. We delineate two distinct yet complementary aspects: (a) ML for climate physics and (b) ML for climate simulations. Although physics-free ML-based models, such as ML-based weather forecasting, have demonstrated success when data are abundant and stationary, the physics knowledge and interpretability of ML models become crucial in the small-data/nonstationary regime to ensure generalizability. Given the absence of observations, the long-term future climate falls into the small-data regime. Therefore, ML for climate physics holds a critical role in addressing the challenges of ML for climate simulations. We emphasize the need for collaboration among climate physics, ML theory, and numerical analysis to achieve reliable ML-based models for climate applications.
Metal Isotopes in Mammalian Tissues
Authors: Martin Jeremy E. , Jaouen Klervia 
Published: November 2024

Ecologists rely on a wealth of data, including field observations and light stable isotopes, to infer dietary preferences and other ecological and physiological properties in living mammals. But inferring such important traits (e.g., trophic position, metabolism, pathologies) in extinct animals, including humans, can be challenging because biological processes rarely mirror morphology as preserved in the fossil record. For instance, dietary behavior does not necessarily reflect tooth morphology. As an additional challenge, some isotopic mammal tissues commonly used in modern ecology, such as collagen in bone or dentin or keratin from hair, hoof, or horn, do not generally preserve in fossil remains older than ∼200 kyr. In contrast, major constituents of bioapatite often retain their initial isotopic composition through fossilization processes. Recent analytical developments in mass spectrometry now allow, using small samples, for assessment of isotopic variability of major and trace elements such as calcium or zinc. Here, we review the application potentials of metal (nontraditional isotopes) for (paleo)ecological, (paleo)physiological, and (paleo)mobility inferences as applied to mammalian research.

▪
Mammals are key elements of modern ecosystems and possess a rich evolutionary history, yet inferences about their past ecologies and physiologies are challenging to retrieve using traditional geochemical toolkits.

▪
Metal stable isotopes provide a novel and complementary approach to unveil paleoecological and paleophysiological characteristics of extinct mammal species.

▪
Within a 20-year time frame, the core of metal isotopic data in mammalian research remains small compared to traditional isotopic systems (C, O, N), which is inviting for designing cost-effective instrumentation and increasing dissemination across scientific disciplines.
Case 335
Authors: Saliba Thomas , Cappeliez Olivier , Pather Sanjiva , Maisonnier Henri 
Published: November 2024

History An 84-year-old female patient presented for routine CT angiography (CTA) of the arteries of the neck following right carotid endarterectomy for 75% stenosis, which had been performed without incident 2 months prior. The patient had also been diagnosed with 72% stenosis of the left carotid artery, although it was asymptomatic and thus endarterectomy was not required. The medical history included arterial hypertension and an incomplete left bundle branch block. CTA was performed according to standard procedure, with the region of interest to initiate the examination being placed within the aortic arch and contrast material injected at 5 mL/sec via a catheter placed in the left antecubital fossa. The catheter was successfully tested, and the contrast material was subsequently injected without incident, with the patient reporting no pain and the automatic pressure sensor showing no anomalies. The scan was automatically launched because the attenuation within the aortic arch reached 800 HU ( Figs 1 – 3 ).
ATG16L1 Depletion‐Mediated Activation of the TRAF1 Signaling in Macrophages Aggravates Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Pan Yufeng , Wei Yi , Zhan Xinyu , Bu Qingfa , Xu Zibo , Xu Xiaozhang , Wang Qi , Liang Yuan , Yu Yue , Zhou Haoming , Lu Ling 
Published: November 2024

Background: Hepatic macrophages play an indispensable role in liver pathophysiology, serving as key orchestrators of both liver injury and repair processes. ATG16L1 (autophagy‐related 16 like 1) has emerged as a novel and critical autophagy marker. In macrophages, ATG16L1 assumes a particularly crucial role. The current understanding of how macrophage ATG16L1 regulates liver inflammation in the context of liver fibrosis is unclear.Methods: This study included clinical patient samples of liver fibrosis and established a murine model with myeloid‐specific Atg16l1 knockout, creating a mouse model of liver fibrosis. Employing RNA sequencing, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms of macrophage ATG16L1 in liver fibrosis by identifying critical signaling pathways. To assess the influence of macrophage ATG16L1 on hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, we constructed a dedicated culture system. Ultimately, the introduction of mice with myeloid‐specific Atg16l1 knock‐in substantiated the protective role of myeloid‐specific Atg16l1 against inflammatory signaling, hepatocyte apoptosis, and activation of HSCs.Results: An upregulation of the ATG16L1 signal was observed in the liver tissues of patients with liver fibrosis and in fibrotic mice, predominantly localized to hepatic macrophages. In Atg16l1ΔMφ mice afflicted with liver fibrosis, we detected exacerbated liver damage, evidenced by heightened inflammatory signal expression, increased hepatocyte apoptosis, and enhanced activation of HSCs. The absence of macrophage Atg16l1 was found to result in elevated TNF receptor‐associated factor 1 (TRAF1) signaling, triggering inflammatory activation, intensifying hepatocyte apoptosis, and facilitating HSC activation through the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) signaling. The detrimental effects of macrophage Atg16l1 depletion were demonstrated to be mitigated upon Atg16l1 reintroduction.Conclusions: This research delved into the mechanisms by which the macrophage ATG16L1 signal influences inflammatory signaling, hepatocyte apoptosis, and activation of HSCs in liver fibrosis. Consequently, it offers theoretical substantiation and an experimental groundwork for the identification of biological targets for therapeutic intervention in liver fibrosis.
Chromatin Helicase CHD6 Establishes Proinflammatory Enhancers and Is a Synthetic Lethal Target in FH-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jin Juan , Luo Jun , Jin Xiaodong , Lim Kiat Shenq , He Yang , Ding Jiawei , Shen Yan , Hou Yuchen , Liu Hanqing , Zhu Xiaoyu , Zhao Jing , Zhou Wenjie , Huang Hai , Gao Yi , Xiao Jun , He Hongchao , Li Qunyi , Liu Lianxin , Chen Li , He Qiang , Zhang Chuanjie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fumarate hydratase (FH) deficiency causes hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). FH-deficient tumors lack effective therapeutic options. Here, we utilized an epigenetic-focused single-guide RNA library to elucidate potential drug targets in FH-deficient tumors. The screen identified chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 6 (CHD6) as an essential regulator of the growth of FH-mutated RCC. Mechanically, FH loss induced fumarate-mediated succinylation and inactivation of KEAP1, blocking subsequent ubiquitin–proteasome degradation of CHD6. Stabilized CHD6 formed a complex with p65 to establish proinflammatory enhancers and thereby regulate NF-κB–mediated transcription. Moreover, CHD6 recruited mSWI/SNF ATPases to maintain chromatin accessibility at CHD6-bound enhancers. The PROTAC degrader of SMARCA2/4 AU-15330 effectively abolished structures of cis-regulatory elements bound by CHD6 and suppressed the growth of FH-mutated, but not FH-intact, RCC in vivo. Collectively, these data indicate that CHD6 is a molecular bridge between FH deficiency and proinflammatory enhancer assembly that endows FH-deficient tumors with epigenetic vulnerabilities.
Significance: CHD6 links FH deficiency to aberrant NF-κB activity in renal cell carcinoma, highlighting an epigenetic vulnerability for this rare tumor subtype.
Limits of Détente or Limits of Democracy? Belgium, the Netherlands, and NATO's Dual-Track Decision: 1977–1979
Authors: Spliet Bas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article highlights the Belgian and Dutch roles in the so-called dual-track decision of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1979. At NATO headquarters on 12 December 1979, the leaders of the allied member-states unanimously agreed to deploy new intermediate-range nuclear missiles in five West European countries, including Belgium and the Netherlands. In the lead-up to this meeting, interactions among the three leading NATO members—the United States, the United Kingdom, and West Germany—produced a unique situation in which Belgium and the Netherlands gained key roles in the decision-making process. The two small countries challenged the fragile NATO consensus surrounding the dual-track decision and even jeopardized endorsement of the final agreement. In both Belgium and the Netherlands, public opinion was clearly against the deployments, and so were many members of the two countries’ legislatures. In each country, moreover, a major ruling coalition party insisted that NATO should make a positive deployment decision only after all arms control options were gone. Yet, despite these reservations, both countries eventually fell into line and endorsed the decision.
More than “Soul Catchers”: Understanding Eastern Europe through Audience and Opinion Surveys at Radio Free Europe during the Cold War
Authors: Macrea-Toma Ioana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In 1989, Radio Free Europe (RFE), an international anti-Communist shortwave radio broadcaster located in Munich and financed by the U.S. government, concluded after a vast survey operation that 53 percent of the adult population in East Europe listened to RFE programs. Based on such findings, historians from the region have argued that the collapse of Communist regimes was attributable in part to the importance of the diffusionist character of Western-inspired notions of freedom and democracy. Recent studies have raised questions about the methodology and findings of the RFE surveys. Although methodological discussions are important, a close reading of RFE surveys from the 1950s to 1989 reveals another side to the story, showing how Western Cold War institutions helped to frame key problems in Eastern Europe and mold the way individuals in those societies thought about the choices facing them.
Silence is Complicity: Theological Failure in the Face of Genocide
Authors: McIntosh Esther , Ranawana Anupama M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this article, we argue that public theologians have a rich tradition from which to argue for the right to self-determination of the Palestinian people. In particular, Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s resistance to the co-opting of Christianity by the Nazi regime is frequently cited in theological circles as an exemplar. Yet, we find major public figures and theological societies, such as the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, and the United Kingdom’s Society for the Study of Theology (SST) to be wanting in this regard. From an examination of Welby’s comments on the Israeli bombardment in Gaza, and the SST’s response to our open letter and the lament from Palestinian Christians, we argue that theologians are failing. We draw on Palestinian liberation theology and anticolonial theologies to argue that the work of liberation is the raison d’être of theology and requires political activism. We conclude, therefore, that theological silence is complicity in injustice.