bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response profile in quadriceps of sarcopenic patients with respiratory diseases
Authors: Barreiro Esther , Salazar‐Degracia Anna , Sancho‐Muñoz Antonio , Gea Joaquim 
Published: December 2018

AbstractImpaired muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia) are common in patients with respiratory cachexia, namely chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in lung cancer (LC)‐cachexia. Misfolded/unfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induce the compensatory unfolded protein response (UPR). Expression of ER stress and UPR markers may be differentially upregulated in vastus lateralis (VL) of patients with respiratory sarcopenia associated with either a chronic condition (COPD) or subacute (LC)‐cachexia. In VL specimens from 40 COPD patients (n = 21, sarcopenic, fat‐free mass index [FFMI] 16 kg/m2 and n = 19, nonsarcopenic, FFMI 18 kg/m2), 13 patients with LC‐cachexia (FFMI 17 kg/m2), and 19 healthy controls (FFMI 19 kg/m
2), expression markers of ER stress, UPR (protein kinase‐like ER kinase [PERK], activating transcription factor [ATF] 6, and inositol‐requiring enzyme [IRE] 1‐α), oxidative stress, autophagy, proteolysis, and apoptosis (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting), and fiber atrophy (histology) were assessed. Atrophy and muscle wasting and weakness were seen in both groups of sarcopenic patients. Compared to healthy controls, in muscles of LC‐cachexia patients, expression of ER stress markers and UPR (three arms) was significantly upregulated, while in sarcopenic COPD, expression of a few ER stress markers and IRE1‐α arm was upregulated. ER stress and an exaggerated UPR were observed in the VL muscle of patients with respiratory sarcopenia. The three branches of UPR were similarly upregulated in muscles of cancer cachectic patients, whereas in sarcopenic COPD patients, only IRE1 was upregulated. The differential profile of muscle UPR in chronic and subacute respiratory conditions offers a niche for the design of specific novel therapeutic approaches.
Specialized High‐Protein Oral Nutrition Supplement Improves Home Nutrient Intake of Malnourished Older Adults Without Decreasing Usual Food Intake
Authors: Loman Brett R. , Luo Menghua , Baggs Geraldine E. , Mitchell Diane C. , Nelson Jeffrey L. , Ziegler Thomas R. , Deutz Nicolaas E. , Matarese Laura E. ,   NOURISH Study Group
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundReduced nutrient intake is common in patients after hospitalization, contributing to increased risk for readmission and mortality. Oral nutrition supplements can improve nutrition status and clinical outcomes, but intake of food is prioritized by clinicians. This study examines the impact of a high‐protein oral nutrition supplement (S‐ONS) on nutrient intake post discharge.MethodsIn a subset of patients (14 S‐ONS and 16 placebo) from the NOURISH (Nutrition effect On Unplanned ReadmIssions and Survival in Hospitalized patients) trial, 24‐hour dietary recalls were conducted on 3 randomly selected days during the weeks of 30, 60, and 90 days post discharge. Nutrient intake was estimated using Nutrition Data System for Research software. Adequate energy and protein intake were defined as 30 kcal/kg/d and 1.2 g/kg/d, respectively. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) were used for other nutrients.ResultsLess than half of patients met the requirements for energy, protein, and 12 micronutrients from food intake alone during the study. Energy and protein intakes from food were not diminished relative to placebo. Considering nutrient intake from both food and S‐ONS, 50% and 71% of patients receiving S‐ONSs met energy and protein goals respectively at 90 days (compared with 29% and 36%, in the placebo group), and 100% met the DRI for total carbohydrate, iron, phosphorus, copper, selenium, thiamin, and riboflavin at all time points, all of which were consumed at higher amounts vs placebo.ConclusionThree months of S‐ONS consumption increases intake of numerous nutrients without decreasing nutrient intake from food in older malnourished adults post discharge.
High monosilicic acid supply rapidly increases Na accumulation in maize roots by decreasing external Ca2+ activity
Authors: Bosnic Predrag , Pavlicevic Milica , Nikolic Nina , Nikolic Miroslav 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBoth calcium (Ca2+) and silicon (Si) improve plant performance under salt (NaCl) stress. Although these two mineral elements share numerous similarities, the information on how their extracellular interactions in the root apoplast affect uptake of sodium (Na+) is still lacking. Here, we investigated the effect of high Si supply in the bioavailable form of monosilicic acid (H4SiO4) on the activity of Ca2+ in the external root solution, and subsequent root uptake and compartmentation of Na in maize (Zea mays L.). In the short‐term experiments (6 h), 14‐d‐old maize plants were exposed to various concentrations of Ca2+ at three different pH‐values (6.5, 7.5, and 8.5) and two Si concentrations, i.e., low (1 mM) and high (4 mM) supply of H4SiO4. The activity of Ca2+ and Na+ in the external solution as well as the root concentrations of total and cell sap and BaCl2‐exchangeble apoplastic fractions of both elements were analyzed. The pH of the nutrient solution affected neither the ion activities nor the root accumulation of both Ca2+ and Na+. At higher pH values (7.5 and 8.5) the interactions of Ca2+ and Si at high Si supply led to a decrease of Ca2+ activity and, hence, an increase of Na+ : Ca2+ activity ratio in the external root solution. Concomitantly, despite the elevated exchangeable apoplastic fraction of both Ca2+ and Na+, the total and cell sap concentrations were remarkably decreased for Ca2+ and increased for Na+ by the addition of 4 mM H4SiO4. This work demonstrates that at high Si supply extracellular Ca‐Si interactions leading to lowered activity of Ca2+ might rapidly compromise the ameliorative effect of Ca2+ on Na+ accumulation in roots. Practically, Si over‐fertilization of saline and, in particular, sodic soils may further promote the accumulation of Na+ in root tissues hours after Si application and, hence, increase a potential risk of Na+ toxicity.
The online destination brand experience: Development of a sensorial–cognitive–conative model
Authors: Jiménez Barreto Jano , Rubio Natalia , Campo Martínez Sara 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOnline experiences preceding actual visits to tourist destinations have emerged as a relevant source of travel motivation. This study analyzes the online destination brand experiences resulting from user interactions with official websites on two competing destinations. The results support the expected mediator role for the online destination brand experiences between perceived website quality, user attitudes, and intention to visit and recommend the destination, as well as the directionality of the sensorial‐to‐cognitive experience. Significant differences are observed depending on the users' prior experience with the destination and their generational cohort (millennials vs. nonmillennials). Important implications for destination management are also discussed.
A critical analysis of Vacca, A., Aru, F., and Ollesch, G. (2017). Short‐term impact of coppice management on soil in a Quercus ilex L. Stand in Sardinia. Land Degradation & Development, 28(2), 553–565
Authors: Giadrossich Filippo , Guastini Enrico 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInappropriate forest management degrades the quality of soil resources. Soil erosion, for instance, leads to decreased soil fertility and landscape quality. Coppice‐wood management includes risk factors for soil erosion due to the partial and temporary lack of soil cover, and this review highlights the importance of considering both an adequate methodology and objective interpretation of findings.This critical review was carried out due to the substantial deficiencies in the research design and methodology, analysis and interpretation of data, and conclusions in the paper that are not supported by their findings. In this paper, we provide a different interpretation of their data, which reveals absence of substantial risk of soil erosion, even in the short period after coppicing when the soil is most exposed. We aim to provide a clearer context for readers about the impact of coppice management in Quercus ilex stands in the south of Sardinia.
The domain of definition of the quaternionic Monge–Ampère operator
Authors: Wan Dongrui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we give an equivalent characterization of the domain of definition for the quaternionic Monge–Ampère operator, by using the theory of quaternionic closed positive current we established in [17–19]. This domain of definition for the complex Monge–Ampère operator was introduced by Blocki [7,8].
Complex projective structures with maximal number of Möbius transformations
Authors: Faraco Gianluca , Ruffoni Lorenzo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe consider complex projective structures on Riemann surfaces and their groups of projective automorphisms. We show that the structures achieving the maximal possible number of projective automorphisms allowed by their genus are precisely the Fuchsian uniformizations of Hurwitz surfaces by hyperbolic metrics. More generally we show that Galois Belyĭ curves are precisely those Riemann surfaces for which the Fuchsian uniformization is the unique complex projective structure invariant under the full group of biholomorphisms.
Rapid dual‐RF, dual‐echo, 3D ultrashort echo time craniofacial imaging: A feasibility study
Authors: Lee Hyunyeol , Zhao Xia , Song Hee Kwon , Zhang Rosaline , Bartlett Scott P. , Wehrli Felix W. 
Published: December 2018

PurposeTo develop a dual‐radiofrequency (RF), dual‐echo, 3D ultrashort echo‐time (UTE) pulse sequence and bone‐selective image reconstruction for rapid high‐resolution craniofacial MRI.MethodsThe proposed pulse sequence builds on recently introduced dual‐RF UTE imaging. While yielding enhanced bone specificity by exploiting high sensitivity of short T2 signals to variable RF pulse widths, the parent technique exacts a 2‐fold scan time penalty relative to standard dual‐echo UTE. In the proposed method, the parent sequence’s dual‐RF scheme was incorporated into dual‐echo acquisitions while radial view angles are varied every pulse‐to‐pulse repetition period. The resulting 4 echoes (2 for each RF) were combined by view‐sharing to construct 2 sets of k‐space data sets, corresponding to short and long TEs, respectively, leading to a 2‐fold increase in imaging efficiency. Furthermore, by exploiting the sparsity of bone signals in echo‐difference images, acceleration was achieved by solving a bone‐sparsity constrained image reconstruction problem. In vivo studies were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed acceleration approaches in comparison to the parent method.ResultsThe proposed technique achieves 1.1‐mm isotropic skull imaging in 3 minutes without visual loss of image quality, compared to the parent technique (scan time = 12 minutes). Bone‐specific images and corresponding 3D renderings of the skull were found to depict the expected craniofacial anatomy over the entire head.ConclusionThe proposed method is able to achieve high‐resolution volumetric craniofacial images in a clinically practical imaging time, and thus may prove useful as a potential alternative to computed tomography.
Cosmic muon imaging: a challenging application to investigate deeper volcanic structures in Canary Islands, Spain
Authors: Hernández Pedro A. , Miyamoto Seigo , Tiukov Valery , Barrancos José , Sirignano Chiara , Nishiyama Ryuichi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Pérez Nemesio 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTMuon radiography of volcanoes has become a promising technique to investigate density contrasts in active volcanoes with a spatial resolution unreachable for conventional geophysical techniques. Experiments performed at volcanoes such as Asama, Showa‐Shinzan and Satsuma‐Iwojima, all in Japan, have provided new insights for volcanologists and scientists in general. In this paper, we discuss the very challenging application of muon radiography to investigate deeper volcanic structures such as Teide volcano in Tenerife and Cumbre Vieja in La Palma, Canary Islands, due to the strong social interest emerging from the potential danger which they represent. Applications to other volcanoes can be envisaged. The emulsion films exposed at Canary Islands, as described in this paper, are under analysis and results will soon be available.
Effect of Birth Weight and Early Pregnancy BMI on Risk for Pregnancy Complications
Authors: Andraweera Prabha H. , Dekker Gus , Leemaqz Shalem , McCowan Lesley , Myers Jenny , Kenny Louise , Walker James , Poston Lucilla , Roberts Claire T. ,   the SCOPE Consortium
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThis study investigated the influence of birth weight on the risk of pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia (PE), gestational hypertension (GH), small for gestational age (SGA) pregnancy, spontaneous preterm birth, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and assessed the effect of early pregnancy BMI on this relationship.MethodsA total of 5,336 nulliparous women from the SCreening fOr Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study were included. Women’s birth weights were self‐reported and confirmed via medical records when possible. A birth weight of 3,000 to 3,499 g was considered the reference.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, birth weight < 2,500 g was associated with increased risk of GH (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.3‐3.7), PE (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0‐2.9), small for gestational age (aOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1‐3.2), and GDM (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.0‐5.8) compared with the referent. Women born with birth weight < 2,500 g and who subsequently developed overweight or were diagnosed with obesity were at increased risk of GH (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1‐4.5), PE (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2‐4.5), and GDM (aOR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.1‐9.5) compared with women with birth weight ≥ 2,500 g and remained lean.ConclusionsWomen who were born with a low birth weight are at increased risk of pregnancy complications. Those born small may have undergone “programming” in response to unfavorable intrauterine conditions. In such women, the physiological demands of pregnancy may act as a “second hit,” leading to pregnancy complications.
MicroRNA‐374b induces endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and early lesion formation through the inhibition of MAPK7 signaling
Authors: Vanchin Byambasuren , Offringa Emma , Friedrich Julian , Brinker Marja GL , Kiers Bianca , Pereira Alexandre C , Harmsen Martin C , Moonen Jan‐Renier AJ , Krenning Guido 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEndothelial–mesenchymal transition occurs during intimal hyperplasia and neointima formation via mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Endothelial MAPK7 signaling is a key mechanosensitive factor that protects against endothelial–mesenchymal transition, but its signaling activity is lost in vessel areas that are undergoing pathological remodeling. At sites of vascular remodeling in mice and pigs, endothelial MAPK7 signaling was lost. The TGFβ‐induced microRNA‐374b targets MAPK7 and its downstream effectors in endothelial cells, and its expression induces endothelial–mesenchymal transition. Gain‐of‐function experiments, where endothelial MAPK7 signaling was restored, precluded endothelial–mesenchymal transition. In human coronary artery disease, disease severity is associated with decreased MAPK7 expression levels and increased miR‐374b expression levels. Endothelial–mesenchymal transition occurs in intimal hyperplasia and early lesion formation and is governed in part by microRNA‐374b‐induced silencing of MAPK7 signaling. Restoration of MAPK7 signaling abrogated these pathological effects in endothelial cells expressing miR‐374b. Thus, our data suggest that the TGFβ‐miR‐374b‐MAPK7 axis plays a key role in the induction of endothelial–mesenchymal transition during intimal hyperplasia and early lesion formation and might pose an interesting target for antiatherosclerosis therapy. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Semi‐preparative isolation and purification of phenolic compounds from Achyrocline satureioides (Lam) D.C. by high‐performance counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Bianchi Sara Elis , Kaiser Samuel , Pittol Vanessa , Doneda Eduarda , De Souza Kellen Cristhinia Borges , Bassani Valquiria Linck 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionPhenolic compounds present in Achyrocline satureioides are known to have therapeutic benefits like antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antitumour properties. The main polyphenols present in the plant are quercetin (QCT), luteolin (LUT), 3‐O‐methylquercetin (3OMQ), and achyrobichalcone (ACB). However, the effective isolation and purification of these compounds from A. satureioides inflorescences are not an easy task.ObjectiveTo develop an efficient high‐performance counter‐current chromatography (HPCCC) method for quick separation and purification of naturally occurring phenolic compounds from the extract of A. satureioides.MethodologyA two‐step HPCCC semi‐preparative isolation method was developed using a solvent system composed of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (0.8:1.0:0.8:1.0) and dichloromethane/methanol/water (3.5:3.5:2.5).ResultsThe HPCCC method was used to obtain two fractions. The first fraction (F1) contained high levels of ACB, among other constituents, while the second fraction (F2) contained mostly QCT, LUT, and 3OMQ. Besides the high ACB content, F1 contained three other flavonoid‐aglycones (kaempferol, 97.3%; isokaempferide, 92.4%; and 3,3′‐di‐O‐methylquercetin, 95.2%) identified by an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a quadrupole time‐of‐flight with high‐definition mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF/HDMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Purity levels of ACB, 3OMQ, QCT, and LUT were 98.0, 97.0, 97.5, and 90.2%, respectively.ConclusionThis is the first time that high purity ACB and six other flavonoids were obtained from A. satureioides inflorescences by HPCCC. These excellent results reveal the potential and versatility of HPCCC as a technique to produce different types of products from this plant species on a semi‐preparative scale: enriched fractions, new metabolites, or high purity compounds.
Dust Explosion Propagation in Small Diameter Pipes
Authors: Taveau Jérôme , Lemkowitz Saul , Hochgreb Simone , Roekaerts Dirk 
Published: December 2018

In facilities handling combustible dusts, the isolation of propagating deflagrations requires great attention due to the potential catastrophic consequences of secondary dust explosions. While the ability of dust explosions to propagate is widely recognized, some misconceptions still exist. One of the common myths is that a dust explosion cannot propagate through small diameter pipes and that explosion isolation may not be required in that case.This article first presents a simplified theory of flame propagation in pipes. Dust explosion experiments performed in industrial‐scale pipes smaller or equal to 4 in (or 100 mm) in diameter are then reviewed. The findings of the experiments are interpreted in the light of the simplified theory.Our study reveals that dust explosion propagation has been consistently observed in pipes with a diameter as small as 1 in. While the likelihood of flame propagation seems to decrease with pipe diameter and other “chemical” and “engineering” factors, it remains a realistic scenario and therefore should be addressed in the design and operation of powder handling systems. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 38: e12033, 2019
Efficient somatic and germline genome engineering of Bactrocera dorsalis by the CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Zhao Santao , Xing Zengzhu , Liu Zhonggeng , Liu Yanhui , Liu Xiangrui , Chen Zhe , Li Jiahui , Yan Rihui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDBactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), a very destructive insect pest of many fruits and vegetables, is widespread in many Asian countries. To facilitate control of this pest, it is essential to investigate its genetics and gene function using targeted gene disruption.RESULTSHere, we describe successful targeted mutagenesis of the white and transformer genes in B. dorsalis through use of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. Co‐injection of the white sgRNA and Cas9 mRNA into B. dorsalis embryos caused eye color change, and the white mutations in the germline were heritable. CRISPR‐mediated knockout of the sex determination gene transformer (tra) in B. dorsalis resulted in a male‐biased sex ratio and adult flies with abnormal outer and interior reproductive organs. Small indels and substitutions were induced by CRIRPR for both genes.CONCLUSIONOur data demonstrate that somatic and germline genome engineering of the pest B. dorsalis can be performed efficiently using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, opening the door to the use of the CRISPR‐mediated method for functional annotations of genes in B. dorsalis and for its population control using, for example, such as gene drive. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Controller design for a class of nontriangular nonlinear systems with input dependent growth rate
Authors: Zha Wenting , Qian Chunjiang , Yan Song 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we consider the global control problem for a class of high‐order nonlinear systems in the nontriangular form. Compared with the existing results, the growth rate of the nonlinearities depends on the control input, which cannot be dominated by the traditional constant gain. Under the assumption that the nonlinear terms satisfy the homogeneous growth conditions, a dynamic state‐feedback controller is elaborately designed to stabilize the system based on the adding a power integrator technique and the domination methodology. Moreover, by choosing the dynamic gain appropriately, the assumptions on the nonlinearities can be further relaxed to the polynomial case. Numerical simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control laws.
Stability and stabilization of continuous‐time switched systems: A multiple discontinuous convex Lyapunov function approach
Authors: Wang Ruihua , Hou Linlin , Zong Guangdeng , Fei Shumin , Yang Dong 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn this paper, the problems of stability and stabilization are considered for a class of switched linear systems with slow switching and fast switching. A multiple convex Lyapunov function and a multiple discontinuous convex Lyapunov function are first introduced, under which the extended stability and stabilization results are derived with a mode‐dependent average dwell time switching strategy, where slow switching and fast switching are exerted on stable and unstable subsystems, respectively. These two types of Lyapunov functions are established in a constructive manner by virtue of a set of time‐varying functions. By using our proposed approaches, larger stability regions of system parameters are identified, and tighter bounds can be obtained for the mode‐dependent average dwell time. New mode‐dependent and time‐varying controllers are constructed for a class of switched control systems with stabilizable and unstabilizable subsystems as well. All the stability and stabilization conditions can be given in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be checked easily by using recently developed algorithms in solving LMIs. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the obtained results compared with the existing results.