bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les « antivaccins », figure de l’anti-Science
Authors: Ward Jeremy K. , Guille-Escuret Paul , Alapetite Clément 
Published: June 2019

Cet article prend pour objet les discours publics sur les « antivaccins ». Nous montrerons que ce terme constitue une étiquette délégitimante ancrée dans l’univers symbolique de la Science. Cet ancrage de la thématique vaccinale résulte de l’usage par les professionnels de santé d’une rhétorique de la Science mais aussi de l’investissement de mouvements pro-Science sur le sujet. Les stratégies de réponse à cette stigmatisation déployées par les critiques des vaccins contribuent paradoxalement à renforcer l’image négative des « antivaccins ». Différents acteurs – y compris critiques – contribuent ainsi à la fois à réaffirmer l’importance de la Science comme valeur à défendre et à faire de l’« antivaccin » une figure de l’anti-Science.
Les patients, premier champ de reconnaissance au travail : étude au sein d’un CHU
Authors: Bourdil Maryline , Ologeanu-Taddei Roxana 
Published: June 2019

Objectif : Le sentiment de manque de reconnaissance des praticiens à l’hôpital est souvent pointé du doigt. Cependant peu d’éléments existent pour comprendre l’origine de cette perception. Afin de combler ce manque dans la littérature, nous souhaitons identifier les sources et formes de reconnaissance au travail dont les médecins au sein d’un CHU font actuellement l’objet. Méthodologie : Cette étude de visée exploratoire repose sur le recueil de questionnaires (n = 113). Les données ont été traitées via une analyse de contenu thématique. Résultats : Nos résultats ont montré que les patients constituent le principal champ de reconnaissance du travail. Autre résultat, le care est par contre insuffisamment reconnu par la direction et les pairs, qui reconnaissent plus volontiers l’activité de recherche. Implications managériales : Revaloriser les activités du care , activités qui constituent le quotidien des médecins et actuellement dévalorisées, semble nécessaire. Or cela ne pourra passer que par la remise en question de la surenchère de l’instrumentation gestionnaire. Originalité de l’étude : L’originalité de l’étude a consisté dans la compréhension d’un paradoxe qui peut exister au sein de CHU : une insatisfaction concernant la reconnaissance émanant de la direction et des médecins qui se déclarent motivés et satisfaits au travail.
La coopération apostolique interaméricaine
Authors: Routhier Gilles 
Published: June 2019

La coordination de l’ « aide » nord-américaine à apporter à l’Amérique latine est un exemple significatif de l’attention que portent les autorités romaines aux circulations religieuses entre le nord et le sud du continent. Entre 1957 et 1961, avec prudence et par étapes, Rome appuie à distance la mise en place d’une coopération orchestrée par les épiscopats canadien et états-unien.
Ecohydrological threats to Colophospermum mopane in southern Zimbabwe
Authors: Gondo Tendayi , Musyoki Agnes , Adeboyejo Aina T. 
Published: June 2019

Rapid ecohydrological changes in semi-arid landscapes are increasingly threatening humanity’s life-support systems and eroding many of the ecosystem services (ESs) upon which humans occupying such regions depend. Knowing which services and ecohydrological changes to be most concerned about is indispensable to maintaining the general health of such ecosystems and for developing effective ecosystem management practices. In the semi-arid regions of southwestern Zimbabwe where a large population of rural households depend on ESs extracted from the Colophospermum mopane tree, such understanding may be critical in reversing potential ES losses that may have catastrophic effects on the lives of many. We surveyed a total of 127 rural households who occupy the semi-arid landscapes of the Colophospermum mopane belt in southern Zimbabwe. We assessed the ecohydrological conditions characterising ecosystems where they obtain ES provisioning goods using a number of ecohydrological variables commonly cited in the literature on ecohydrology. Building on principal component analysis (PCA), we employed a hierarchical agglomerative clustering method to create unique clusters of households that depicted different levels of risks or threats associated with their ES provisioning harvesting practices. Multiple regression analysis was further performed to identify significant ecohydrological cluster-defining variables. Our results showed that spatial differences in ecohydrological parameters resulted in four distinct ES resource thresholds depicting four categories of risks that households face in extracting such resources in nearby landscapes. We concluded by proposing a number of landscape restoration or management practices targeted at reversing potential ES losses and subsequently safeguarding the livelihoods of many who depend on ESs.
Fluctuation of Serum Apelin Level during Pregnancy
Authors: Mansour Sherif Wagih , Asalah Ali Khalil , Attia Kamelia Ibrahim , Mohammed Somya E. l. Sayed , Desoky Ahmad 
Published: June 2019

Background: Apelin is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor Apelin receptor (APJ), The expression of both apelin and APJ has been detected in a variety of tissues including heart, brain ,ovary , placenta and uterus.
Aim of the Study: This study was designed to examine the circulating levels of apelin, estradiol, progesterone, glucose, insulin and Tumor necrosis Factor alpha (TNF α) in non-pregnant, pregnant rats at different stages of pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: Sixty adult albino rats (48 females and 12 males). Female rats were randomly divided into (non -pregnant rats, early pregnant rats on day 6 of gestation, mid pregnant rats on day 12 of gestation and rats late pregnant rats on day 19 of gestation. The blood samples were obtained from the orbital venous plexus of animals and serum was separated from each blood sample and kept deep frozen until analysed.
Results: The present study revealed that the serum levels of apelin were progressively and significantly increased from early (day 6) to mid-pregnancy (day 12) of gestation when compared to non- pregnant rats then showed a marked decrease on day 19 when compared to pregnant rats on day 12 of gestation.
Conclusion: The fluctuations in serum apelin levels during pregnancy may be attributed to changes in serum levels of multiple interrelated factors such as insulin, insulin resistance, pro inflammatory cytokines such as TNF α and other factors such as changes in fat mass, the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme related carboxy peptidase-2 (ACE 2) and hormonal levels during pregnancy.
Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaves Methanolic Extract on Alloxan- Induced Diabetic Albino Rats
Authors: Udeogu C. , Ejiofor C. C. , Nwakulite A. 
Published: June 2019

Moringa oleifera, popularly known as “miracle tree” belongs to the family, Moringaceae. It is a medicinal plant in which the leaves are the most nutritious part, being a significant source of vitamins and protein among others. This study was conceived and designed based on the gaps in the research that has been performed and what is known about the plant. In this study, the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on alloxan induced diabetes in Wistar albino rats was investigated. A total of forty five (45) rats were acclimatized for a period of two weeks, then randomly divided into five (5) groups (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) of nine (9) rats each and fed with standard feed and water. Group 1 which is the control was fed with just water and standard feed while Hyperglycemia was induced in groups 2, 3, 4, & 5 intra-peritoneally after an over-night fasting using alloxan at a concentration of 130 mg/kg b.w. and allowed for 48hours which resulted in a high blood glucose level between 300 mg/dl and 600 mg/dl. Group 2 was not given any treatment while Groups 3, 4, & 5 were treated with doses 100 mg/kg b.w., 200 mg/kg bw, and 400 mg/kgbw of Moringa oleifera leaf extract respectively for a period of four weeks. A glucometer was used to check the blood glucose level of the animals before and after treatment. The results of Groups 3, 4, & 5 (172.0±4.75 mg/dl, 142.9±47.25 mg/dl, 70.6±24.46 mg/dl respectively) showed a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in blood glucose level of the induced rats when compared with Group 2 (316±47.17 mg/dl) which was induced only alloxan. It can therefore be concluded that this study has shown that the extract of Moringa oleifera leaves offers an anti-diabetic effect in Wistar albino rats.
Screening Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC) Accessions Using Agronomic Characters
Authors: Akeem Lawal Babatunde , Azeez M. A. , Godfrey Egedegbe , Akintunde Raji Ibrahim , Omogoye A. M. , Kayode Akintola Ezekiel 
Published: June 2019

Aim:This research aimed at screening winged bean accessions using morphological characters.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated three times.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso situated on longitude 8°7' N, latitude 4°14' E, and at altitude of 323.5 m above sea level.
Methodology: Seeds of thirty-eight accessions of winged bean were obtained from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan and were evaluated. Data were collected on germination count at 2, 3 and 4 weeks after planting (WAP), days to first and 50% flowering, days to first and 50% podding, top leaflet length, petiole length, secondary vine lengths at 8 and 9 WAP, pod length, and number of seeds per pod and were subjected to analyses variance.
Results: Accessions exhibited significant (P≤0.05) variation for flowering and podding dates, petiole length and top leaflet length. Days to first flowering varied from 68 to 114 days after planting (DAP) with an average of 76 days while days to 50% flowering ranged between 78 and 121 days with a mean of 83 days. Number of seeds per pod varied from 7 to 15 seeds per pod among the accessions with a mean of 12.5 seeds per pod while pod length varied from 12.3 cm to 25.6 cm with a mean pod length of 22.2 cm. Accessions TPT 26 and TPT 32 were consistent for early flowering and high seed yield and are therefore recommended for further adaptation and nutritional trials.
Effect of Sorghum-tigernut Ibyer (A Traditional Gruel) on the Fasting Blood Glucose Levels of Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Shiekuma Shalem , Ukeyima Moses , Ahuah Msendoo, Janet , Blessing Idoko , Tughgba Terzungwe 
Published: June 2019

Background: There is growing interest in the use of natural foods in the management of chronic diseases like diabetes. Ibyer is a fibre rich gruel consumed amongst the Tiv people of Benue State made from whole sorghum or millet flours.
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of sorghum-tigernut ibyer on the fasting blood glucose levels and body weight of alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Sorghum flour (SF) and tigernut flour (TNF) were blended at different proportions (100:00; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30) for the purpose of ibyer production. The flour samples were subjected to proximate analysis using standard analytical procedures, the sensory attributes of ibyer produced from the different flour samples was evaluated on a 9-point hedonic scale. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats (100–180 g body weight) were grouped into five (1-5) each group containing six rats. They were induced with diabetes by injecting them with 150ml/kg of body weight with alloxan monohydrate dissolved in saline water (0.9% NaCl) except for group 1. Blood samples were collected from the tail of the rats, prior to induction, 48hrs after induction and 72 hrs after three days of continuous feeding with test diet. Fasting blood glucose was measured using a standard glucometer and test strips.
Results: The sensory attributes indicated that ibyer produced from the flour samples were generally acceptable. Fasting blood glucose levels after 72 hrs of feeding were found to be lowered more in groups giving flours with a higher proportion of Tigernut.
Conclusion: The results indicated that sorghum-tigernut ibyer exerted hypoglycaemic effect on the experimental animals.
Effects of Poultry Manure on the Growth and Yield of Basil Plant (Ocimun gratissimum) in a Tropical Utilsol Soil
Authors: Agba O. A. 
Published: June 2019

Ocimum gratissimum commonly called Basil plant or scent leaf is one of the less known, neglected vegetable with high economic value as food, medicinal and industrial uses. Studies were therefore conducted to determine the effects of poultry manure on the growth and yield of Ocimum gratissimum in the Teaching and research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Cross River University of Technology, Obubra , Cross River State, Nigeria. The experiment has nine (9) rates of poultry manure: 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 6.5 t/ha laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The application of poultry manure at 3- 4t/ha was more beneficial than higher rates. Results showed that poultry manure significantly (p>0.05) increased number of leaves, branches per plant and plant height. The highest Leaf index value plant height, leaves and branches per plant was obtained at 16weeks after planting with 6.5 t/ha. Poultry manure. While 4t/ha poultry manure gave the highest growth rate, Leaf fresh yield, dry matter of leaf, stem and seed yield per plant and per hectare. Farmers are advise to apply 3-4t/ha of poultry manure to cultivate Ocimum gratissimum for optimum growth and seed yield under the utilsol conditions .
Biofilm, Antimicrobial & Reductive Ability of London Rocket S. irio
Authors: Chalabi Rawaa Nazar Al , Al-Ezzy Ruqaya M. , Al-Ani Nabeel K. , Bayati Shatha Al 
Published: June 2019

Sisymbrium irio is a plant used in folk medicine in Asian peoples. In 79 samples collected from hospitals, 71 were infected with Gram-positive bacteria. Performing API 20 samples showed 17(23.94%) were S. pyrogens and 54(76.06%) were S. aureus. In an experiment for antibiotic sensitivity, the samples showed 100% sensitivity to penicillin, cephalexin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, Amoxicillin and methicillin. However, the sensitivity was less in Vancomycin, clindamycin, Rifampin. Moreover, it was resistance to ciprofloxacin. Test tube method used to detectability of pathogenic S. aureus isolates which isolated from the skin of children had impetigo for biofilm formation. The result illustrated the high per cent of S. aureus isolates were able to produce biofilm. 47 (87%) S. aureus isolates produce biofilm with different degree of thickness and only 6 (13%) isolates unable to produce biofilm. The total flavonoids content was determined by spectrophotometer. The ethanol, metabolic and aqueous extract of S. irio as rutin the best standard substance for flavonoids. The best absorbance was methanol extract followed by water then, ethanol extracts. Reductive ability was carried out to know the effect of free radicals. The best extract was methanol followed by ethanol then, water extract.
Calixarene capture of partially unfolded cytochrome c
Authors: Engilberge Sylvain , Rennie Martin L. , Crowley Peter B. 
Published: June 2019

Supramolecular receptors such as water‐soluble calixarenes are in development as ‘molecular glues’ for protein assembly. Here, we obtained cocrystals of sulfonato‐calix[6]arene (sclx6) and yeast cytochrome c (cytc) in the presence of imidazole. A crystal structure at 2.65 Å resolution reveals major structural rearrangement and disorder in imidazole‐bound cytc. The largest protein‐calixarene interface involves 440 Å2 of the protein surface with key contacts at Arg13, Lys73, and Lys79. These lysines participate in alkaline transitions of cytc and are part of Ω‐loop D, which is substantially restructured in the complex with sclx6. The structural modification also includes Ω‐loop C, which is disordered (residues 41–55 inclusive). These results suggest the possibility of using supramolecular scaffolds to trap partially disordered proteins.
Identification of a new Z‐DNA inducer using SYBR green 1 as a DNA conformation sensor
Authors: Hur Jeong Hwan , Lee Ae‐Ree , Yoo Wanki , Lee Joon‐Hwa , Kim Kyeong Kyu 
Published: June 2019

Z‐DNA, which is left‐handed double‐stranded DNA, is involved in various cellular processes. However, its biological roles have not been fully evaluated due to the lack of tools available that can control the precise conformational change to Z‐DNA in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the need for identifying new Z‐DNA inducers is high. We developed an assay system to monitor the conformational change in DNA utilizing the fluorescence of SYBR green I integrated into a double‐stranded oligonucleotide. By applying this assay to screen for compounds that induce the B‐DNA to Z‐DNA transition, we identified the natural compound aklavin as a novel Z‐DNA inducer.
Comprehensive analysis of a dipeptide library to identify ghrelin release‐modulating peptides
Authors: Nakato Junya , Aoki Hayato , Tokuyama Yuki , Yamamoto Yuta , Iwakura Hiroshi , Matsumura Shigenobu , Inoue Kazuo , Ohinata Kousaku 
Published: June 2019

We performed a comprehensive analysis of ghrelin release‐modulating activity of a dipeptide library using MGN3‐1, a ghrelin‐producing cell line. We found that most dipeptides suppress ghrelin secretion, whereas the N‐terminal Ser‐containing dipeptides and a few others stimulate it. N‐terminal amino acid residues, but not C‐terminal residues, play a dominant role in the effects of dipeptides. Among dipeptides, Leu‐Ile (LI) and Ser‐Val (SV) most strongly suppress and stimulate ghrelin secretion, respectively. LI activates Gi signaling and SV acts via the MAPK pathway. Orally administered LI and SV reduce and increase plasma ghrelin levels and food intake in mice, respectively. In conclusion, LI and SV, found based on the comprehensive screening of a dipeptide library, modulate ghrelin secretion in vitro and in vivo.
Measurement validation of treatment planning for a MR‐Linac
Authors: Chen Xinfeng , Paulson Eric S. , Ahunbay Ergun , Sanli Aydin , Klawikowski Slade , Li X. Allen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeThe magnetic field can cause a nonnegligible dosimetric effect in an MR‐Linac system. This effect should be accurately accounted for by the beam models in treatment planning systems (TPS). The purpose of the study was to verify the beam model and the entire treatment planning and delivery process for a 1.5 T MR‐Linac based on comprehensive dosimetric measurements and end‐to‐end tests.Material and methodsDosimetry measurements and end‐to‐end tests were performed on a preclinical MR‐Linac (Elekta AB) using a multitude of detectors and were compared to the corresponding beam model calculations from the TPS for the MR‐Linac. Measurement devices included ion chambers (IC), diamond detector, radiochromic film, and MR‐compatible ion chamber array and diode array. The dose in inhomogeneous phantom was also verified. The end‐to‐end tests include the generation, delivery, and comparison of 3D and IMRT plan with measurement.ResultsFor the depth dose measurements with Farmer IC, micro IC and diamond detector, the absolute difference between most measurement points and beam model calculation beyond the buildup region were <1%, at most 2% for a few measurement points. For the beam profile measurements, the absolute differences were no more than 1% outside the penumbra region and no more than 2.5% inside the penumbra region. Results of end‐to‐end tests demonstrated that three 3D static plans with single 5 × 10 cm2 fields (at gantry angle 0°, 90° and 270°) and two IMRT plans successfully passed gamma analysis with clinical criteria. The dose difference in the inhomogeneous phantom between the calculation and measurement was within 1.0%.ConclusionsBoth relative and absolute dosimetry measurements agreed well with the TPS calculation, indicating that the beam model for MR‐Linac properly accounts for the magnetic field effect. The end‐to‐end tests verified the entire treatment planning process.
Incorporation of Salivary Gland Ultrasonography Into the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Criteria for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: van Nimwegen Jolien F. , Mossel Esther , Delli Konstantina , van Ginkel Martha S. , Stel Alja J. , Kroese Frans G. M. , Spijkervet Fred K. L. , Vissink Arjan , Arends Suzanne , Bootsma Hendrika 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo assess whether the addition of salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) or replacement of current criteria items by SGUS influences the performance of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria for primary Sjögren's syndrome.MethodsIncluded were consecutive patients with complete data on all ACR/EULAR items (n = 243) who underwent SGUS in our primary Sjögren's syndrome expertise center. Clinical diagnosis by the treating physician was used as the gold standard. Separate analyses were performed for patients who underwent labial or parotid gland biopsies. The average score for hypoechogenic areas in 1 parotid and 1 submandibular gland was determined (range 0–3). Next, performance of the ACR/EULAR criteria was evaluated after addition of SGUS or replacement of current items by SGUS.ResultsReceiver operating characteristic analysis showed an optimal cutoff value of ≥1.5 for SGUS. The optimal weight for SGUS positivity was 1. Cutoff for ACR/EULAR fulfilment remained ≥4. In patients who underwent a labial gland biopsy (n = 124), the original criteria showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.965, sensitivity of 95.9%, and specificity of 92.2%. After the addition of SGUS, the AUC was 0.966, with a sensitivity of 97.3% and specificity of 90.2%. In patients who underwent a parotid gland biopsy (n = 198), similar results were found. Sensitivity of the criteria decreased substantially when SGUS replaced salivary gland biopsy or anti‐SSA antibodies, while performance remained equal when SGUS replaced the ocular staining score, Schirmer's test, or unstimulated whole saliva flow.ConclusionValidity of the ACR/EULAR criteria remains high after incorporation of SGUS. With SGUS, clinicians are offered a larger array of tests to evaluate fulfillment of the ACR/EULAR criteria.
Switching Kinetics Control of W‐Based ReRAM Cells in Transient Operation by Interface Engineering
Authors: Shahrabi Elmira , Giovinazzo Cecilia , Hadad Mahmoud , LaGrange Thomas , Ramos Miguel , Ricciardi Carlo , Leblebici Yusuf 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTungsten (W) is one of the most promising materials to be used in resistive random‐access memory electrodes due to its low work function and compatibility with semiconductors, which raises the possibility of device integration, scalability, and low power consumption. However, W has multiple oxidation states that affect device reliability, due to the formation of semistable oxides at the switching interface. W chemical interaction is modulated through the insertion of Al2O3 or Ti interfacial layers. The time‐dependent switching kinetics are investigated in transient Set/Reset operations. It is observed that a compact and stoichiometric atomic‐layer‐deposited Al2O3 barrier layer completely prevents W oxidation, resulting in a sharp current transient. The use of a sputtered Ti buffer layer allows a partial W oxidation, defining a tunable high‐resistance state by pulse rise time control. Notable improvements in endurance, power consumption, resistance state stabilization, and cycle‐to‐cycle and device‐to‐device variability are reported. Switching kinetics and conductive nanofilament evolution are studied in detail to understand the microscopic effect of the interface modifications. The tunability of multi‐HRS states by pulse timing control in Pt/HfO2/Ti/W is in the interest of network and brain‐inspired computing applications, adding a degree of freedom in the modulation of its resistance.