bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subregional variability in the response of New England vegetation to postglacial climate change
Authors: Oswald W. Wyatt , Foster David R. , Shuman Bryan N. , Doughty Elaine D. , Faison Edward K. , Hall Brian R. , Hansen Barbara C. S. , Lindbladh Matts , Marroquin Adriana , Truebe Sarah A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimWe analysed a dataset composed of multiple palaeoclimate and lake‐sediment pollen records from New England to explore how postglacial changes in the composition and spatial patterns of vegetation were controlled by regional‐scale climate change, a subregional environmental gradient, and landscape‐scale variations in soil characteristics.LocationThe 120,000‐km2 study area includes parts of Vermont and New Hampshire in the north, where sites are 150–200 km from the Atlantic Ocean, and spans the coastline from southeastern New York to Cape Cod and the adjacent islands, including Block Island, the Elizabeth Islands, Nantucket, and Martha's Vineyard.MethodsWe analysed pollen records from 29 study sites, using multivariate cluster analysis to visualize changes in the composition and spatial patterns of vegetation during the last 14,000 years. The pollen data were compared with temperature and precipitation reconstructions.ResultsBoreal forest featuring Picea and Pinus banksiana was present across the region when conditions were cool and dry 14,000–12,000 calibrated 14C years before present (ybp). Pinus strobus became regionally dominant as temperatures increased between 12,000 and 10,000 ybp. The composition of forests in inland and coastal areas diverged in response to further warming after 10,000 ybp, when Quercus and Pinus rigida expanded across southern New England, whereas conditions remained cool enough in inland areas to maintain Pinus strobus. Increasing precipitation allowed Tsuga canadensis, Fagus grandifolia, and Betula to replace Pinus strobus in inland areas during 9,000–8,000 ybp, and also led to the expansion of Carya across the coastal part of the region beginning at 7,000–6,000 ybp. Abrupt cooling at 5,500–5,000 ybp caused sharp declines in Tsuga in inland areas and Quercus at some coastal sites, and the populations of those taxa remained low until they recovered around 3,000 ybp in response to rising precipitation. Throughout most of the Holocene, sites underlain by sandy glacial deposits were occupied by Pinus rigida and Quercus.Main conclusionsPostglacial changes in the composition and spatial pattern of New England forests were controlled by long‐term trends and abrupt shifts in temperature and precipitation, as well as by the environmental gradient between coastal and inland parts of the region. Substrate and soil moisture shaped landscape‐scale variations in forest composition.
Formicidal activity of indole derivatives on Atta opaciceps (Borgmeier): Lethal, behavioural and locomotive effects
Authors: Costa Ângela C. F. , Cavalcanti Sócrates C. H. , Santana Alisson S. , Lima Ana P. S. , Santana Emile D. R. , Brito Thaysnara B. , Oliveira Rafael R. B. , Macêdo Nathália A. , Cristaldo Paulo F. , Bacci Leandro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe leaf‐cutting ants of the genus Atta are of extreme importance for agriculture and forestry. Few active products can be employed to control these pests and, therefore, the discovery of new insecticidal products represents a fundamental strategy for its management. In this study, we evaluated the mortality, behaviour and locomotion of workers of Atta opaciceps (Borgmeier) exposed to synthesized indole derivatives. The most active compound was 4d [1‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)pentan‐1‐one] (LD50 = 0.018 μg/mg), while the 4e [1‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)hexan‐1‐one] (LD50 = 3.82 μg/mg) was the least active compound. These two derivatives reduced the survival of A. opaciceps over time and altered the behaviour and locomotion of these ants. This study demonstrates the potential of indole derivatives to produce new formicidal products, since, in addition to being effective, it also affects the ant's behaviour and locomotion.
An egg‐laying device to estimate the induction of sterility in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) sterile insect technique programmes
Authors: Suárez Lorena , Buonocore Biancheri María Josefina , Murúa Fernando , Rull Juan , Ovruski Sergio , de los Ríos Claudia , Escobar Jorge , Schliserman Pablo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractArea‐wide environmentally friendly pest control methods such as the sterile insect technique (SIT) are being developed and improved to contribute in managing agricultural, environmental and public health problems. A key aspect to evaluate performance of sterile males is to directly measure sterility induction in the field. Sterility induction has been estimated for tephritid fruit flies by recovering egg from host fruit in the field, the method is, however, impractical, and past efforts to develop artificial egg‐laying devices have not prospered. Here, we evaluated response of wild gravid Ceratitis capitata (Medfly) females to long‐distance fruit‐based chemical attractants, visual and tactile stimuli to develop an artificial egg‐laying device. The device combining the most attractive features was further tested under two deployment schemes. Finally, devices and deployment tactics were used to compare fertility levels between feral Medfly females under conventional management and under SIT. Agar spheres wrapped in plastic film, baited with pressed peach juice and visually enhanced with yellow discs received more egg than other combinations of attractive features. Such devices also received more eggs when deployed on fruitless trees and when placed on the orchard perimeter. The egg hatch in an orchard under conventional management was estimated at 86%, whilst egg hatch in an area under SIT was reduced to 31%. The egg‐laying devices are therefore useful to measure sterility induction and can be further improved by refining long‐distance attraction and deployment schemes.
Surgical Menopause and Frailty Risk in Community‐Dwelling Older Women: Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
Authors: Huang Grace , Coviello Andrea , LaValley Michael P. , Ensrud Kristine E. , Cauley Jane A. , Cawthon Peggy M. , Fredman Lisa 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether women with surgical menopause have a higher risk of frailty than naturally menopausal women.DesignProspective cohort study with up to 18 years of follow‐up.SettingFour U.S clinical centers.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling white women aged 65 and older (mean 71.2±5.2) enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (N=7,699).MeasurementsSurgical menopause was based on participant self‐report of having undergone bilateral oophorectomy before menopause. The outcome was incident frailty, classified as robust, prefrail, frail, or death at 4 follow‐up interviews, conducted 6 to 18 years after baseline. Information on baseline serum total testosterone concentrations was available for 541 participants.ResultsAt baseline, 12.6% reported surgical menopause. Over the follow‐up period, 22.0% died, and 10.1% were classified as frail, 39.7% as prefrail, and 28.3% as robust. Surgically menopausal women had significantly lower total serum testosterone levels (13.2 ± 7.8 ng/dL) than naturally menopausal women (21.7 ± 14.8 ng/dL) (p=0.000), although they were not at greater risk of frailty (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.72–1.22), prefrailty (aOR=0.96, 95% CI=0.80–1.10), or death (aOR=1.17, 95% CI=0.97–1.42) after adjusting for age, body mass index, and number of instrumental activity of daily living impairments. There was no evidence that oral estrogen use modified these associations.ConclusionIn postmenopausal women, surgical menopause was not associated with greater risk for frailty than natural menopause, even in the absence of estrogen therapy. Future prospective studies are needed to investigate hormonal mechanisms involved in development of frailty in older postmenopausal women. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2172–2177, 2018.
Pravastatin for Primary Prevention in Older Adults: Restricted Mean Survival Time Analysis
Authors: Orkaby Ariela R. , Rich Michael W. , Sun Ryan , Lux Eliah , Wei Lee‐Jen , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo use restricted mean survival time, which summarizes treatment effects in terms of event‐free time over a fixed time period, to evaluate the benefit of pravastatin therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in older adults.DesignSecondary analysis of the Antihypertensive and Lipid‐Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial‐Lipid‐Lowering Trial (ALLHAT‐LLT).SettingAmbulatory setting.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older (mean aged 71, 49% female) free of cardiovascular disease (N=2,867).InterventionPravastatin 40 mg/d (n=1,467) versus usual care (n=1,400).MeasurementsWe estimated the difference in RMST for total and coronary heart disease (CHD)‐free survival between the pravastatin and usual care groups over the 6‐year trial period and used parametric survival models to estimate RMST differences projected over 10 years.ResultsOver 6 years, individuals treated with pravastatin lived (RMST 2,008.1 days), on average, 33.7 fewer days than those receiving usual care (RMST 2,041.8 days) (difference –33.7 days, 95% confidence interval (CI)=–67.0 to –0.5 days, p=.047). Pravastatin‐treated individuals lived RMST 2,088.1 days), on average, 18.7 more days free of CHD over 6 years than those receiving usual care (RMST 2,069.4 days), but this difference was not statistically significant (difference 18.7 days, 95% CI=–10.4–47.8 days, p=.21). The 10‐year projection showed that pravastatin‐treated individuals would live 108.1 fewer days (95% CI=–204.5 to –14.1, p=.03) than those receiving usual care, although treated individuals would gain 77.9 days (95% CI=3.8–159.6, p=.046) of CHD‐free survival.ConclusionRMST provides an intuitive and explicit way to express the effect of pravastatin therapy on CHD‐free and overall survival in older adults free of cardiovascular disease. This measure allows a more personalized interpretation than hazard ratios of the benefits and risks of a medical intervention for decision‐making.
‘Til Death Do Us Part: End‐of‐Life Experiences of Married Couples in a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Kotwal Ashwin A. , Abdoler Emily , Diaz‐Ramirez L. Grisell , Kelley Amy S. , Ornstein Katherine A. , Boscardin W. John , Smith Alexander K. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether end‐of‐life (EOL) experiences in the first spouse in a marriage are associated with EOL experiences in the other spouse.DesignNationally representative, longitudinal survey.SettingHealth and Retirement Study, Waves 1992–2012 linked to Medicare claimsParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling older adults who died (N=4,558), representing 2,279 married heterosexual couples.MeasurementsWe examined 3 EOL experiences: enrollment in hospice for >3 days before death, lack of advance care planning (ACP) before death, and intensive care unit (ICU) use during the last 30 days of life. We used multiple logistic regression to determine whether the EOL experience of the first spouse was a significant predictor of the EOL experience of the second spouse after adjusting for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, health status, and time between the first and second spouses' deaths.ResultsFirst spouses who died were on average 80 years old, and 62% were male; second spouses were on average 85 years old, and 62% were female. After adjustment, second spouses were more likely to use hospice if the first spouse used hospice (odds ratio (OR)=1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.29–2.20). Second spouses were less likely to have ACP when the first spouse did not have ACP (OR=2.91, 95% CI=2.02–4.21). Hospice and ACP associations were stronger when deaths were closer in time to one another (p‐value for interaction < .05). Second spouses were more likely to use ICU services if the first spouse did (OR=1.80, 95% CI=1.27–2.55).ConclusionsThe EOL experiences of older spouses are strongly associated, which may be relevant when framing ACP discussions. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2360–2366, 2018
Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Headache Disorders in Older Adults
Authors: Berk Thomas , Ashina Sait , Martin Vincent , Newman Lawrence , Vij Brinder 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo provide a unique perspective on geriatric headache and a number of novel treatment options that are not well known outside of the headache literature.DesignReview of the most current and relevant headache literature for practitioners specializing in geriatric care.ResultsEvaluation and management of headache disorders in older adults requires an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and how it relates to age‐related physiological changes. To treat headache disorders in general, the appropriate diagnosis must first be established, and treatment of headaches in elderly adults poses unique challenges, including potential polypharmacy, medical comorbidities, and physiological changes associated with aging.ConclusionThe purpose of this review is to provide a guide to and perspective on the challenges inherent in treating headaches in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2408–2416, 2018.
Use of a Facilitated Group Process to Design and Implement a Group Antenatal and Postnatal Care Program in Rwanda
Authors: Sayinzoga Felix , Lundeen Tiffany , Gakwerere Mathias , Manzi Emmanuel , Nsaba Yvonne Delphine U. , Umuziga M. Providence , Kalisa Ina R. , Musange Sabine F. , Walker Dilys 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionThe government of Rwanda is exploring strategies that may reduce the incidence of prematurity and low birth weight. Large‐scale implementation of group antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) within the context of the Rwanda national health care system is under consideration. To launch a cluster randomized controlled trial of group ANC and PNC in 5 districts in Rwanda, the implementation team needed a customized group care model for this context and trained health care workers to deliver the program.ProcessAdapting the group ANC and group PNC model for the Rwandan context was accomplished through a group process identical to that which is fundamental to group care. A technical working group composed of 10 Rwandan maternal‐child health stakeholders met 3 times over the course of 3 months, for 4 to 8 hours each time. Their objectives were to consider the evidence on group ANC, agree on the priorities and constraints of their ANC delivery system, and ultimately define the content and structure of a combined group ANC and PNC model for implementation in Rwanda. The same group process was employed to train health care workers to act as group ANC facilitators.OutcomesA customized group ANC and PNC model and guidelines for its introduction were developed in the context of a cluster randomized controlled trial in 36 health centers. Descriptions of this model and the implementation plan are included in this article.DiscussionOur experience suggests that the group process fundamental to successful group ANC and PNC is an effective method to customize and implement this innovative health services delivery model in a new context and is instrumental in achieving local ownership.
Health Care‐Related Correlates of Cervical Cancer Screening among Sexual Minority Women: An Integrative Review
Authors: Greene Madelyne Z. , Meghani Salimah H. , Sommers Marilyn S. , Hughes Tonda L. 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionSexual minority women (SMW; lesbian, bisexual, nonheterosexual women) may have lower rates of cervical cancer screening than heterosexual women. Health care‐related factors may explain some of the variation in cervical cancer screening rates among SMW. We aimed to synthesize published evidence of health care‐related correlates of cervical cancer screening among SMW.MethodsWe searched PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases for English‐language studies published between January 2000 and March 2017 that 1) assessed sexual identity or the sexual partners of female participants, 2) included cervical cancer screening as a main outcome of interest, and 3) measured at least one health care‐related variable in addition to cervical cancer screening. We excluded articles that 1) reported on non‐US samples or 2) did not report original research. We reviewed the sample, methods, and findings of 17 studies. We then summarized current knowledge about health care‐related factors across 3 categories and generated recommendations for clinical practice and future research.ResultsSeveral health care‐related factors such as previous contraception use, having a primary care provider, knowledge of screening recommendations, and disclosing sexual orientation to providers were consistently positively associated with cervical cancer screening. Three groups of factors—previous health care use, health care provider‐related factors, and belief‐related factors—account for a substantial part of the variation in cervical cancer screening among SMW.DiscussionSeveral gaps in knowledge remain that could be addressed by recruiting more diverse samples of SMW with improved generalizability. Clinicians and clinical institutions can address factors associated with low rates of screening among SMW by preventing sexual orientation‐based discrimination, inviting sexual orientation disclosure, and offering cervical cancer screening to SMW at a variety of health care encounters. Future research should examine how the location of care and health care provider type affect SMW's cervical cancer screening behaviors and should test the effectiveness of health care interventions designed to address sexual orientation‐related disparities.
A Matter of Time: Father Involvement and Child Cognitive Outcomes
Authors: Cano Tomás , Perales Francisco , Baxter Janeen 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThis study provides the first systematic account of how father–child time (in total and across activity types) relates to children's cognitive development as well as examining whether paternal education moderates these associations.BackgroundFathers in Western countries allocate progressively more time to child care. However, most research on how parental time inputs affect child development focuses on maternal time. It remains unclear how paternal involvement in the child's upbringing influences child outcomes.MethodThe study uses three waves of unique, longitudinal, time‐diary data from an Australian national sample of children aged 4 to 8 years (Growing Up in Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children;N= 3,273 children, 6,960 observations). Children's cognitive development is measured using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. The data are modeled using a range of estimation strategies for panel data.ResultsThe total amount of father–child time is associated with, at best, small improvements in children's cognitive functioning. In contrast, the amount of father–child time in educational activities is associated with moderate to large improvements. Such associations are similar for highly and less‐highly educated fathers.ConclusionOur findings are relevant for policy and practice, being indicative that enabling paternal involvement in their children's upbringing should bring moderate to high gains to their children in terms of cognitive functioning, particularly if paternal involvement is directed at educational activities.
The mediator effect of cognition on the relationship between brain lesion location and dysphagia in patients with stroke: Applying a structural equation model
Authors: Ebrahimian Dehaghani Shiva , Yadegari Fariba , Asgari Ali , Bagheri Zahra 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundCognitive status is important for performing the assessment and treatment of dysphagia. Nonetheless, the cognitive neuropsychological profile of patients with stroke and dysphagia is not studied as deeply enough as it should be. On the one hand, focal and non‐focal brain lesions may lead to dysphagia and cognitive disorders, and on the other hand, the cognitive status possibly affects swallowing. In this study, cognition is supposed to be a mediator between brain lesion and swallowing disorder (dysphagia). The role of cognition and attention as mediators between brain lesion and dysphagia was evaluated via three causal models in which the causal mechanisms of swallowing were explained.MethodsEighty‐eight patients with their first stroke (34 women and 54 men) in the acute phase (mean: 3.5 days after stroke; SD: 2.7) participated in this research. The data of dysphagic and non‐dysphagic patients were entered into structural equation models. Two relationships were estimated: a direct relationship between brain lesion and dysphagia and an indirect association between brain lesion and dysphagia through cognition and attention.ResultsThe goodness‐of‐fit indices confirmed the three models. Our first model proved a good fit [CFI = 1.00; TLI = 1.00]. The second model revealed an appropriate goodness of fit [CFI = 1.00; TLI = 1.00]. Our third model also showed a good fit [CFI = 1.00; TLI = 1.00].ConclusionIt is suggested that in the assessment and treatment of dysphagia, cognition is better to be considered as a mediator along with physical aspects of dysphagia.
Total flavones of Rhododendron simsii Planch flower protect isolated rat heart from ischaemia-reperfusion injury and its mechanism of UTR-RhoA-ROCK pathway inhibition
Authors: Sun Xiao-Qing , Chen Shuo , Wang Liang-Fang , Chen Zhi-Wu 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Total flavones of Rhododendron simsii Planch flower (TFR) are an effective part extracted from the flower. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of TFR in isolated rat heart following global ischaemia-reperfusion and the possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods
Langendorff perfusion apparatus was used to perfuse isolated rat heart which was subjected to global ischaemia-reperfusion. The hemodynamic parameters were continuously monitored. Coronary flow as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in coronary effluents was measured. RhoA activity and urotensin receptor (UTR) and Rho-related coiled-coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK) protein expressions in rat myocardium were examined, respectively. Cardiac dysfunction was indicated by the alterations of hemodynamic parameters and the reduced coronary flow.

Key findings
Total flavones of Rhododendron simsii Planch flower significantly improved ischaemia-reperfusion–induced cardiac dysfunction and leakages of LDH, CK-MB and cTnI, and inhibited myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion–increased RhoA activity and UTR, ROCK1 and ROCK2 protein expressions. The improvement of TFR in the cardiac dysfunction and the leakage of LDH, CK-MB and cTnI were markedly attenuated under the UTR blockade and ROCK inhibition. TFR-inhibited RhoA activity was decreased under the UTR blockade.

Conclusions
Total flavones of Rhododendron simsii Planch flower had a protective effect on ischaemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart, which may be attributed to the blocking of UTR and subsequent inhibition of the RhoA-ROCK pathway.