bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating mental health impacts of alcohol's harms from other drinkers: using propensity scoring methods with national cross‐sectional data from the United States
Authors: Karriker‐Jaffe Katherine J. , Li Libo , Greenfield Thomas K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsAlcohol's harms to others (AHTO) may cause substantial distress, particularly when harms are perpetrated by close others. One challenge to identifying causal impacts is that people harmed by drinkers differ in many ways from those not so harmed, so our aim was to assess mental health in relation to two serious types of AHTO, financial harm and assault by someone who had been drinking, using propensity score (PS) weighting to adjust for potentially confounding differences.DesignCross‐sectional, nationally representative, random sample of adults.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsSeventy‐six respondents reporting financial harm compared with 4625 with no past‐year AHTO; 192 respondents reporting assault compared with 4623 with no past‐year AHTO.MeasurementsPredictors were reported exposure to financial problems due to someone's drinking and assault by someone who had been drinking. Mental health outcomes were quality of life, distress and positive affect. Confounders included family history of alcohol problems, child physical/sexual abuse, substance use/dependence, impacts of recent economic recession, racial/ethnic discrimination, poverty and other demographics.ResultsIn double‐robust PS weighted models for financial harm, there were associations with reduced quality of life (B = −0.28, P = 0.02) and increased distress [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.69, P < 0.001], and for assault by a partner or family member, there were associations with increased distress (aOR = 2.23, P = 0.09). For assault by a friend or stranger, none of the associations are statistically significant after PS weighting (all P > 0.10).ConclusionsFinancial troubles due to someone else's drinking and assaults perpetrated by drinking intimates (spouses, other partners or family members) are associated with reduced mental health.
Convex Mixture Regression for Quantitative Risk Assessment
Authors: Canale Antonio , Durante Daniele , Dunson David B. 
Published: June 2018

Summary
There is wide interest in studying how the distribution of a continuous response changes with a predictor. We are motivated by environmental applications in which the predictor is the dose of an exposure and the response is a health outcome. A main focus in these studies is inference on dose levels associated with a given increase in risk relative to a baseline. In addressing this goal, popular methods either dichotomize the continuous response or focus on modeling changes with the dose in the expectation of the outcome. Such choices may lead to information loss and provide inaccurate inference on dose-response relationships. We instead propose a Bayesian convex mixture regression model that allows the entire distribution of the health outcome to be unknown and changing with the dose. To balance flexibility and parsimony, we rely on a mixture model for the density at the extreme doses, and express the conditional density at each intermediate dose via a convex combination of these extremal densities. This representation generalizes classical dose-response models for quantitative outcomes, and provides a more parsimonious, but still powerful, formulation compared to nonparametric methods, thereby improving interpretability and efficiency in inference on risk functions. A Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for posterior inference is developed, and the benefits of our methods are outlined in simulations, along with a study on the impact of dde exposure on gestational age.
Alcohol‐related harm minimization practices among university students: Does the type of residence have an impact?
Authors: Hepworth Julie , Schofield Toni , Leontini Rose , Germov John 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe culture of ‘risk‐related alcohol use’ has been identified as an intrinsic part of university life for many students, especially those in residential colleges in English‐speaking countries. While the prevailing approach to managing drinking in these countries is harm minimization, little is known about students’ uptake of these practices or the relationship of them to students’ type of residence.ObjectiveTo examine the ways in which type of residence may impact alcohol‐related harm minimization practices among university students.DesignA qualitative research design using focus group methodology informed all aspects of the study.MethodsUniversity students (N = 70) aged 18–24 years and differentiated by their type of residence were recruited from universities in Australia. Nineteen audio‐recorded focus groups were conducted. Systematic qualitative analysis was used to identify the main themes.ResultsStudents reported risk‐related alcohol use and alcohol‐related harms as either consumers or having witnessed others’ consumption through three main themes: (1) The pervasiveness of alcohol use and harms; (2) Perceived safety and physical spaces; and (3) Gender‐based alcohol‐related harms. Harm minimization practices were talked about in terms of four themes: (1) Policy ineffectiveness; (2) Pre‐drinking planning; (3) Friends look after friends; and (4) Help‐seeking as a covert activity.ConclusionsAlcohol use by university students occurs with limited knowledge of harm minimization policies or practices. Students do engage in ad hoc harm minimization practices usually developed during their first year at university through specific ‘drinking cultures’ that are constituted by various factors including their type of residence.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Previous research has strongly indicated that university students’ heavy alcohol consumption is linked with social and environmental factors such as marketing alcohol, low cost, availability, ‘wet’ environments, and shared accommodation. However, little is known about what, if any, alcohol‐related harm minimization practices students employ and if type of residence has an impact on these practices.

What does this study add?

This study is one of the first to examine alcohol‐related harm minimization practices among university students and type of residence demonstrating the impact of social environments on drinking and related practices.

Regardless of type of residence, university students were either not aware of university and residential college alcohol policies or found them unclear.

Students do engage in ad hoc harm minimization practices usually developed during their first year at university through specific ‘drinking cultures’ that are constituted by various factors including the type of residence.

Two practical recommendations are made in this study to develop alcohol‐related harm minimization related to university students.
Work and Volunteering: Longitudinal Relationships between Work‐Related Experiences and Volunteering Behaviour
Authors: Lup Daniela , Booth Jonathan E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study examines the effect of work‐related experiences on employees’ engagement in community volunteering, using data from a British longitudinal panel of employees. Using a novel analytical approach that separates variation in volunteering due to within‐person changes in work conditions from variation due to between‐person work differences, we more robustly test existing and new hypotheses about the effects of work on volunteering. New to this literature, we find that commuting and satisfaction with job experiences are significant predictors of community volunteering, both the likelihood to volunteer and volunteering frequency. In turn, volunteering determinants previously explored with cross‐sectional data, such as managerial and professional jobs, employment sector and hourly paid contracts, are no longer statistically significant in the within‐person models. We discuss a number of important theoretical and practical consequences of these findings.
The Social Glue of Cumulative Culture and Ritual Behavior
Authors: Nielsen Mark 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCumulative culture, where innovations are incorporated progressively into a population's stock of skills and knowledge, generating more sophisticated repertoires, is a core aspect of human cognition underpinning the technological advances that characterize our species. Cumulative culture relies on our proclivity for high‐fidelity imitation, a characteristic that emerged phylogenetically early in our evolutionary history and emerges ontogenetically early in our development. Commensurate with this proclivity to copy others comes a tradeoff that behaviors that are functionally irrelevant will be easily maintained and transmitted. Rituals are an expression of this. In this article, I argue that the core cognitive architecture responsible for cumulative culture and technological progress also supports the propagation of rituals: our socially motivated propensity for engaging in high‐fidelity imitation.
Impact of menopause on outcomes in prolactinomas after dopamine agonist treatment withdrawal
Authors: Santharam Sandhya , Fountas Athanasios , Tampourlou Metaxia , Arlt Wiebke , Ayuk John , Gittoes Neil , Toogood Andrew , Karavitaki Niki 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveDiscontinuation of dopamine agonist (DA) treatment in women with prolactinoma after menopause is a potential approach; studies systematically assessing long‐term outcomes are lacking. Our aim was to investigate the natural history of prolactinoma in this group.Design/PatientsRetrospective cohort study of women with prolactinoma diagnosed before menopause and who after menopause were not on DA.ResultsThirty women were included. Twenty‐eight received DA (median duration 18 years, median age at DA withdrawal 52 years). At last assessment (median follow‐up 3 years) and compared with values 6‐12 months after stopping DA, Prolactin (PRL) increased in 15%, decreased but not normalized in 33% and was normal in 52%; PRL levels or visible adenoma on imaging before DA withdrawal, treatment duration and presence of macro‐/microadenoma at diagnosis were not predictors of normoprolactinaemia at last review, whereas PRL values 6‐12 months after stopping DA were. Adenoma regrowth was detected in 2/27 patients (7%), who showed gradual increase in PRL. Comparison with 28 women who had DA withdrawal before their menopause revealed lower risk of hyperprolactinaemia recurrence in the postmenopausal group (HR:0.316, 95% CI: 0.101‐0.985, P < .05). Two women with microprolactinoma diagnosed in perimenopausal period had not been offered DA; PRL decreased (but not normalized) during observation of 1 and 8 years.ConclusionsProlactin normalized over time in nearly half of the women and serum PRL 6‐12 months after DA withdrawal is useful predictor. Nonetheless, 7% of the patients demonstrated adenoma regrowth which, given the life expectancy postmenopause, necessitate regular monitoring of the cases with persistent hyperprolactinaemia.
Insulin pump breakdown and infusion set failure in Italian children with type 1 diabetes: A 1‐year prospective observational study with suggestions to minimize clinical impact
Authors: Rabbone Ivana , Minuto Nicola , Toni Sonia , Lombardo Fortunato , Iafusco Dario , Marigliano Marco , Schiaffini Riccardo , Maltoni Giulio , Frongia Anna P. , Scardapane Marco , Nicolucci Antonio , Cherubini Valentino , Bonfanti Riccardo , Scaramuzza Andrea E. ,   the Diabetes Study Group of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED)
Published: June 2018

AimTo evaluate the incidence of insulin pump and infusion set failures in a cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes during a 1‐year follow‐up.Materials and MethodsInsulin pump breakdown and infusion set failures were prospectively registered in a cohort of 1046 children and adolescents from 25 tertiary pediatric diabetes centres (50% male, mean age 12.2 ± 4.1 years), with type 1 diabetes from the age of 6.7 ± 3.6 years, and using an insulin pump from the age of 3.3 ± 2.2 years.ResultsAn average rate of 4.5 failures/person‐year was registered; the incidences (events per person‐year) for each failure were 8.4 for hyperglycaemia episodes solved with infusion set change, 7 for bubbles, 2.8 for kinking, 2.4 for bleeding, 2 for set dislodge, 2 for pump blockage, 1.9 for tunnelling, 1.8 for lipohypertrophy, and 0.3 for infection. At multivariate analysis significant association between HbA1c and lipohypertrophy (P < 0.0028) was shown. Analysis by age group (<6, 6–11, >11 years) showed a higher frequency of bubbles, hyperglycaemia episodes and lipohypertrophy in preschoolers; tunnelling and pump blockage were more frequent in adolescents. Aspart was associated with a lower risk of bubbles and hyperglycaemia whereas glulisine was associated with a higher risk of lipohypertrophy and pump blockage. The usage of oblique cannula was associated with a low risk of all failures except infections.ConclusionsThis prospective 1‐year study on a large cohort of Italian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes using insulin pump therapy showed a low total failure rate, highlighting the importance of continuous education to reduce failures. Lipohypertrophy was the only issue associated with a worsening of metabolic control.
Quality of antiepileptic drugs in sub‐Saharan Africa: A study in Gabon, Kenya, and Madagascar
Authors: Jost Jeremy , Ratsimbazafy Voa , Nguyen Thu Trang , Nguyen Thuy Linh , Dufat Hanh , Dugay Annabelle , Ba Alassane , Sivadier Guilhem , Mafilaza Yattussia , Jousse Cyril , Traïkia Mounir , Leremboure Martin , Auditeau Emilie , Raharivelo Adeline , Ngoungou Edgard , Kariuki Symon M. , Newton Charles R. , Preux Pierre‐Marie 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveEpilepsy is a major public health issue in low‐ and middle‐income countries, where the availability and accessibility of quality treatment remain important issues, the severity of which may be aggravated by poor quality antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The primary objective of this study was to measure the quality of AEDs in rural and urban areas in 3 African countries.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was carried out in Gabon, Kenya, and Madagascar. Both official and unofficial supply chains in urban and rural areas were investigated. Samples of oral AEDs were collected in areas where a patient could buy or obtain them. Pharmacological analytical procedures and Medicine Quality Assessment Reporting Guidelines were used to assess quality.ResultsIn total, 102 batches, representing 3782 units of AEDs, were sampled. Overall, 32.3% of the tablets were of poor quality, but no significant difference was observed across sites: 26.5% in Gabon, 37.0% in Kenya, and 34.1% in Madagascar (P = .7). The highest proportions of substandard medications were found in the carbamazepine (38.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 21.8‐57.8) and phenytoin (83.3%; 95% CI 35.8‐99.5) batches, which were mainly flawed by their failure to dissolve. Sodium valproate was the AED with the poorest quality (32.1%; 95% CI 15.8‐42.3). The phenobarbital (94.1%; 95% CI 80.3‐99.2) and diazepam (100.0%) batches were of better quality. The prevalence of substandard quality medications increased in samples supplied by public facilities (odds ratio [OR] 9.9; 95% CI 1.2‐84.1; P < .04) and manufacturers located in China (OR 119.8; 95% CI 8.7‐1651.9; P < .001). The prevalence of AEDs of bad quality increased when they were stored improperly (OR 5.4; 95% CI 1.2‐24.1; P < .03).SignificanceNo counterfeiting was observed. However, inadequate AED storage conditions are likely to lead to ineffective and possibly dangerous AEDs, even when good‐quality AEDs are initially imported.
The role of skin barrier in occupational contact dermatitis
Authors: Jakasa Ivone , Thyssen Jacob P. , Kezic Sanja 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSkin diseases represent one of the most common work‐related diseases and may have a detrimental effect on social, personal and occupational aspects of life. Contact dermatitis (CD), which comprises predominately irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), accounts for vast majority of occupational skin diseases, especially in occupations associated with frequent skin contact with irritants and contact allergens. Although ICD and ACD have similar clinical manifestation, their pathophysiology and the role of the skin barrier are different. In ICD, perturbation of the skin barrier is the primary event which sets into motion diverse metabolic processes and triggers activation of innate immunity without the involvement of adaptive immune system. In ACD, a type IV hypersensitivity reaction induced by contact allergens, the skin barrier impairment may evoke innate signalling pathways during the sensitization phase required for the activation of T‐cell adaptive response. Thus, skin barrier impairment may increase the risk of ICD or ACD not only because of enhanced permeability and ingress of irritants and allergens but also by the generation of innate immune signal needed for the induction of allergic response. Hence, an efficient way to prevent CD is to avoid skin barrier damage in the workplace. This review focuses on the skin barrier, how it is affected by skin irritants and how its impairment contributes to the development of ICD and ACD.
Possible roles of basophils in chronic itch
Authors: Hashimoto Takashi , Rosen Jordan D. , Sanders Kristen M. , Yosipovitch Gil 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBasophils are blood granulocytes and normally constitute <1% of blood peripheral leucocytes. Basophils share some morphological and functional similarities with mast cells, and basophils were once regarded as redundant and negligible circulating mast cells. However, recent studies reveal the indispensable roles of basophils in various diseases, including allergic and pruritic diseases. Basophils may be involved in itch through the mediation of a Th2 immune response, interaction with other cells in the skin and secretion of a wide variety of itch‐related mediators, for example histamine, cytokines and chemokines (IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐31 and TSLP), proteases (cathepsin S), prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGD2), substance P and platelet‐activating factor. Not only pruritic skin diseases (eg, atopic dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, chronic urticaria, prurigo, papulo‐erythroderma of Ofuji, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, scabies, tick bites and bullous pemphigoid) but also pruritic systemic diseases (eg, primary sclerosing cholangitis and polycythemia vera) may be affected by basophils.
Carbonyl reductases from Daphnia are regulated by redox cycling compounds
Authors: Ebert Bettina , Ebert Dieter , Koebsch Katrin , Maser Edmund , Kisiela Michael 
Published: June 2018

Oxidative stress is a major source of reactive carbonyl compounds that can damage cellular macromolecules, leading to so‐called carbonyl stress. Aside from endogenously formed carbonyls, including highly reactive short‐chain aldehydes and diketones, air pollutants derived from diesel exhaust like 9,10‐phenanthrenequinone (PQ) can amplify oxidative stress by redox cycling, causing tissue damage. Carbonyl reductases (CRs), which are inducible in response to ROS, represent a fundamental enzymatic defense mechanism against oxidative stress. While commonly two carbonyl reductases (CBR1 and CBR3) are found in mammalian genomes, invertebrate model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster express no CR but a functional homolog to human CBR1, termed sniffer. The microcrustacean Daphnia is an ideal model organism to investigate the function of CRs because of its unique equipment with even four copies of the CR gene (CR1, CR2, CR3, CR4) in addition to one sniffer gene. Cloning and catalytic characterization of two carbonyl reductases CR1 and CR3 from D. magna and D. pulex arenata revealed that both proteins reductively metabolize aromatic dicarbonyls (e.g., menadione, PQ) and aliphatic α‐diketones (e.g., 2,3‐hexanedione), while sugar‐derived aldehydes (methylglyoxal, glyoxal) and lipid peroxidation products such as acrolein and butanal were poor substrates, indicating no physiological function in the metabolism of short‐chain aldehydes. Treatment of D. magna with redox cyclers like menadione and the pesticide paraquat led to an upregulation of CR1 and CR3 mRNA, suggesting a role in oxidative stress defense. Further studies are needed to investigate their potential to serve as novel biomarkers for oxidative stress in Daphnia.
T‐cell receptor‐δ expression and γδ+ T‐cell infiltrates in primary cutaneous γδ T‐cell lymphoma and other cutaneous T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Pulitzer Melissa , Geller Shamir , Kumar Erica , Frosina Denise , Moskowitz Alison , Horwitz Steven , Myskowski Patricia , Kheterpal Meenal , Chan Alexander , Dogan Ahmet , Jungbluth Achim 
Published: June 2018

AimsThe diagnosis of cutaneous γδ T‐cell lymphoma (GDTCL) requires the identification of γδ chains of the T‐cell receptor (TCR). Our aim in this study was, by using a new monoclonal antibody (mAb) against TCRδ, to evaluate TCRδ expression in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) skin tissue from TCRγ+ cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL), and to assess TCRδ expression within a spectrum of other cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders (CLPDs).Methods and resultsTwelve cases (10 patients) with TCRγ+ CTCL and 132 additional CLPD cases (127 patients) were examined, including mycosis fungoides (MF) (n = 60), cutaneous GDTCL (n = 15), subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTCL) (n = 11), and CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) (n = 24). Clone H‐41 against TCRδ was used on a Leica Bond‐3 automated stainer to label FFPE slides. H‐41 immunostaining was graded as percentage infiltrate: high (50–100%), moderate (10–49%), and low (0–9%). In TCRγ+ tumours, 12 of 12 (100%) patients showed TCRδ expression comparable to TCRγ expression. No (0%) TCRγ+ cases were negative for TCRδ. In all CLPDs, TCRδ expression was as follows: GDTCL, 16 of 20 cases (14 of 15 patients) high, two moderate, and two low; MF, 0 of 60 cases high, nine moderate, and 51 low; CD30+ LPD, one of 24 cases high, two moderate, and 21 low; and SPTCL, 0 of 11 cases (0 of 9 patients) high, two moderate, and two low. Three MF‐like cases and one SPTCL‐like case showed high expression; the remainder showed low expression.ConclusionsmAb H‐41 against TCRδ matches TCRγ in immunostaining FFPE tissues from GDTCL, supporting H‐41 as a replacement for mAb γ3.20. TCRδ expression in our study suggests that the true occurrence of γδ+ non‐GDTCL CTCL/CLPD may be lower than suggested by the recent literature.