bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of SRSL strategies on conceptual understanding in physics: A study on first-year students using FCI
Authors: Sari I M , Zakwandi R , Medellu N C , Prakoso A S , Aviyanti L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Academic adaptation is a primary challenge new students face at nearly every university. The differences in learning culture between high school and higher education’s more independent learning environment significantly impact academic success, particularly in the first year. This study aims to analyze the effects of implementing the Self-Regulated Approach to Strategic Learning (SRSL) on the conceptual understanding of first-year physics students. The study focuses on topics evaluated using the standard Force Concept Inventory (FCI) test. Each respondent completed two questionnaires, one during the planning phase and one during the implementation phase, while studying three topics related to the FCI. The research data were analyzed qualitatively to assess students’ ability to plan and implement learning strategies and quantitatively to measure conceptual understanding through FCI scores. The results indicated that students could reasonably perform situational analysis of learning contexts. However, they needed help to implement the learning strategies they had planned. Post-learning, students also faced difficulties evaluating the challenges encountered during strategy implementation (comprehensive monitoring and problem-solving) and determining appropriate corrective actions (modification). These difficulties were reflected in the low cognitive category on the FCI. This finding suggests difficulties executing and modifying learning strategies affect first-year students’ conceptual understanding. Therefore, improvements are needed in classroom teaching and providing out-of-class guidance to help students design and implement effective learning strategies at the university level.
Students’ scientific argumentation skills through PjBL–STEAM model assisted by web-based interactive PowerPoint on static fluid
Authors: Rachmawati O Q , Parno  , Latifah E , Wisodo H , Ghorbiy B , Bunyamin M A H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Providing scientific arguments is essential during physics learning, specifically in studying static fluid material. However, students’ scientific argumentation skills still need to improve. So far, project-based learning methods that include STEAM using specific media have not improved scientific argumentation abilities. This study investigates students’ scientific argumentation skills after participating in PjBL–STEAM learning assisted by Web-based Interactive PowerPoint on static fluid. This study, which involved 30 students in class XI MIPA at one of the high schools in East Java – Indonesia, employed a mixed-method approach with an embedded experimental design. The instrument comprises the Static Fluid Scientific Argumentation Test, which consists of five essay questions, interviews, and observation guides. It is a quantitative data analysis using the Wilcoxon test, N-gain, and Effect Size. Concurrently, qualitative data analysis involves reducing data, classification, and conclusion. The responses from the students will then be divided into five categories, levels 1–5 scientific argumentation. N-gain score of 0.37 (medium) and effect size of 0.87 (large) in the data supported the idea that students’ scientific argumentation greatly improved. Through learning activities, students’ arguments could improve from level 3 on the pre-test to level 5 on the post-test. In this case, a few students still have difficulties with the backing aspect of the sub-topic of Pascal’s law and rebuttal for the sub-topic of Archimedes’ law. However, most students could support scientific argumentation skills by connecting facts, supporting statements, and applying knowledge in real-world situations. For future research, students should be trained in writing the backing and rebuttal components and add a control class.
Magnetic moment in hexagonal Boron Nitride (h – BN) with Carbon doping: Density functional theory study
Authors: Nenohai A J W T , Santana F M , Arifin R , Asih R , Darminto  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As a 2D material continuously being researched, h-BN is a unique material with the potential to develop its applications. Basically, h-BN is an insulating and non-magnetic material. However, in its development, this material can become a candidate in the fields of energy to optoelectronic devices. This can be achieved by modifying the h-BN structure by providing various defect models. In this study, we modified the 4 × 4 × 1 h-BN structure with C doping in h-BN to determine the magnetic and electrical properties in h-BN doped with C atoms. Our calculations are based on Density Functional Theory with the Generalized Gradient Approximation – Perdew – Burke – Ernzerhof correlation exchange function. This C doping replaces several N atoms in the h-BN layer. The results obtained are the emergence of magnetic moment values that induce the magnetic properties of h-BN. The existing magnetic properties will provide opportunities for the development of h-BN.
Profile of critical thinking skills of senior high school students in physical wave material
Authors: Lintangesukmanjaya R T , Prahani B K , Suliyanah  , Sunarti T , Saphira H V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research investigates using learning methods and teaching media on students’ critical thinking skills. The results of the test instruments given to class XI students at Public high school Cerme are that students have not yet mastered essential skills of thinking, including clarification, evaluation, analysis, interpretation, and inference in physics lessons regarding waves and their characteristics using the learning methods currently used by the teacher. Students’ concerns in answering questions lie in needing to be more optimal in understanding the concepts in the material, as well as using media and learning methods that are less effective. Guided inquiry learning relevant to open media can be an alternative solution to improve students’ critical thinking skills. In the future, digital media innovation, which is equipped with a guided inquiry learning model, will change the essential thinking skills of students at Public high schools in learning physics. This research is important in maximizing the application of technology in digital-based learning as innovative learning planning.
Learning physics through the traditional game Egrang in junior high school
Authors: Kuswanto H , Rahmat A D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Integrating the traditional game ‘Egrang’ can serve as an effective method for teaching physics concepts to junior high school students. This study identifies the physics concepts in traditional games Egrang and students’ opinions regarding experiential learning in reconstructing scientific knowledge. This study uses a qualitative method using interviews to collect data. This study’s participants were 25 8th-grade junior high school students from West Java, Indonesia. The study procedure is teachers explaining learning activities, students exploring Egrang, discussing physics concepts, and interviewing. Then, six students were randomly selected for interviews. The result of the study indicates that students can find the concepts of motion and force through the exploration of Egrang. Students can describe how to play Egrang by incorporating physics concepts. The interview results found that students prefer outdoor learning and find it to be a valuable experience in their surrounding environment. Learning physics through traditional games facilitates students’ understanding of physics concepts and creates meaningful learning. Even though some students could not successfully play Egrang, they could still have experiences by observing their surroundings. These findings suggest that traditional games like Egrang can effectively enrich physics education, promoting academic achievement and cultural awareness.
Optimization heating time of CaCO3 calcite phase from Bangkalan dolomite
Authors: Anjani R D , Rohmawati L , Kusumawati D H , Fitriana  , Putri N P , Rahmawati D A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a natural inorganic biomaterial obtained from Bangkalan dolomite containing 63.42% CaCO3 and 26.39% MgO. Calcium carbonate has three polymorphs, namely calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. Calcite is the most stable phase of CaCO3 and is widely used in various fields. Several studies have used the leaching method in synthesizing CaCO3 within 24 hours of heating; a mixed phase was still obtained, namely 87.31% calcite and 12.69% vaterite. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the effect of long heating time on the CaCO3 calcite phase, which was synthesized using the leaching method. The leached samples were heated with varying heating times at a temperature of 60°C, namely 24 hours, 2×24 hours, and 4×24 hours. This research produces the main calcite phase after heating for 4×24 hours without any other phases. It has a crystallite size of 35.79 nm, classified as nanocrystalline. Thus, calcite CaCO3 The results produced can later be applied in the medical and industrial fields.
Simulation of Cadmium (Cd) detection in palm oil using optical fiber sensors
Authors: Anargiansyah M B , Pramudya F R A , Fayensi B R P , Hikmah R N , Ghani M F , Khoiro M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The detection of Cadmium (Cd) in palm oil using optical fiber sensors had been simulated utilizing the Finite Element Method (FEM) approach to investigate sensor performance. The optical fiber sensor was developed using chitosan reagents for better detection performance. The optical fiber was built using a silica core with a refractive index of 1.45, and cladding was replaced by the result reaction between chitosan and oil with a refractive index of 1.333. The study aims to observe the effect of reagent thickness that varied 0.1 to 0.5 mm for sensor performance to detect Cd in oil with a concentration variation of 0.05 - 0.5 ppm using a 650 nm red beam source. The results show that increasing the reagent’s thickness can reduce the beam’s confinement factor in optical fiber from 90.224 to 61.975. The reduction can be due to the mismatching of the refractive index between the core and cladding. The performance of the optical fiber sensor was examined using loss propagation and confinement factor in Cd concentration variation. For each reagent thickness, the results indicated that the loss propagation increased, and on the contrary, the confinement factor decreased as Cd concentration increased. The highest sensitivity of the sensor, calculated from the slope of the concentration vs. confinement factor graph, was obtained while using 0.5 cm reagent thickness with the value of 1.6267. It indicated that the reagent thickness could improve the optical fiber sensor performance, especially on Cd detection in oil.
The sintering temperature effect of Alumina (Al2O3) ceramic using the sol-gel method
Authors: Suaebah E , Yunata E E , Wijaya A S N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) or alumina nanoceramics were synthesized by sol-gel method. The effect of sintering temperatures on the microscopic properties of alumina has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis), and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The XRD result confirms the formation of γ-Al2O3 at 600 °C and 800 °C and the formation of α-Al2O3 at 1000°C, respectively. The microscopic particle size structure of alumina at 600 °C, 800 °C and 1000 °C sintering was confirmed at micro size from 236, 370.6, and 754.1 nm, respectively. The UV-Vis result shows the absorption peak of Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) in the range 190 to 230 nm. The result of particle size shows that the sol-gel method of alumina in different sintering temperatures shows the best result of the sintering process at 1000 °C. The optimal result was conducted at a sintering temperature of 1000 °C because it exhibits the α-Al2O3 (corundum) phase with very high and visible diffraction peaks. From the data obtained, it is known that the α-Al2O3 phase can occur at temperatures above 1000 °C.
Effect of compaction pressure on shrinkage, density, and hardness of strontium hexaferrite
Authors: Widodo R D , Darsono F B , Fitriyana D F , Rusiyanto  , Widayat W , Nuryanta M I , Kriswanto  , Rudianto I 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Iron sand as a magnetic material has yet to be widely used; in several developed countries, magnetic materials are already commonly used in industry. A simple method for purifying iron sand is carried out by filtering iron sand with a mesh size of 80. The quality of this magnetic base material is influenced by, among other things, its density and hardness. The research aims to determine the effect of compaction pressure on the shrinkage, density, and hardness of iron sand-based strontium ferrite. The iron sand from Ketawang Indah Beach, Purworejo, was extracted mechanically 35 times with a permanent magnet and then oxidized at a temperature of 900 °C for 5 hours. Next, the iron oxide was mixed with strontium carbonate (SrCO3) using a shaker mill for 3 hours. The resulting strontium ferrite powder was compacted at 20, 40, and 60 MPa pressures, then sintered at 1100 °C for 1 hour in a furnace. Shrinkage measurements include the diameter and height of the specimen, while density measurements use the Archimedes method. The hardness obtained through the Vickers hardness, the highest shrinkage value was obtained at a pressure of 20 MPa, namely diameter shrinkage (Δd) of 2.6% and height shrinkage (Δh) of 0.5%. The highest density and hardness values were at a pressure of 60 MPa, 4.366 g/cm3, and 693 HV. An increase in pressure at a sintering temperature of 1100 °C causes a decrease in shrinkage and an increase in density and hardness values.
Impact of the fiber-optic faceplate on the imaging performance of a CMOS X-ray detector
Authors: Yoo Seungjun , Park Seongbon , Yun Seungman , Kim Ho Kyung 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) active-pixel
detectors are widely used in various imaging applications owing to
their faster operation with lower noise and higher sensitivity than
their conventional amorphous silicon-based counterparts. However,
CMOS detectors are vulnerable to radiation damage owing to their
crystalline structures. They also suffer from ghosting artifacts
and gradual reduction of dynamic range along with their
lifetime. Most CMOS detectors employ a fiber-optic faceplate (FOP)
between the X-ray converter and CMOS active-pixel array to mitigate
the radiation effect and increase longevity. In this study, we
investigated the effect of an additional FOP layer on the imaging
performance of a CMOS detector, including the modulation-transfer
function (MTF), noise-power spectrum (NPS), and detective quantum
efficiency (DQE). For X-ray energies ranging from 40 to 70 kV, we
measured the large-area signal-transfer functions, MTFs, and NPSs
and calculated the corresponding DQEs. The FOP degraded the MTF
performance over the entire spatial frequency, but improved the NPS
performance with increasing spatial frequency. Consequently, the FOP
layer enhanced the DQE performance for the given energy ranges. The
measured results are discussed in detail using a theoretical
cascaded-systems model.
An experimental and computational evaluation of a novel Timepix3 detector for Compton imaging in nuclear medicine
Authors: Kamtchou B. , León Vintró L. , Cournane S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the use of a MiniPIX
(Timepix3) hybrid pixel detector as a single layer Compton camera
for low-energy (< 200 keV) photons for Nuclear Medicine imaging
applications. Literature to date has focused on using Compton camera
imaging for high energy photons emitted from non-clinically relevant
radionuclides. This paper aims to investigate Compton imaging for
nuclear medicine specific radionuclides such as Tc99m
(140 keV). For this, a Timepix3 chip with a 1 mm CdTe sensor has
been fully characterised in terms of efficiency, energy and timing
resolution using a range of point sources, and a detailed model of
the detector developed using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo
toolkit. Knowledge of the specific interaction points within the
detector in the simulation allowed a prediction to be made of the
performance of the detector as a Compton camera. Comparison with
experimental measurements showed good agreement with simulations,
providing validation of the methods employed for image
reconstruction.

Simple Back Projection (SBP), Filtered Back Projection (FBP) and
List Mode-Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximisation (LM-MLEM)
techniques were used for image reconstruction. For all experimental
acquisitions, measured Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) values were
within 6% of the modelled values, with Doppler broadening
identified as the main limiting factor of the spatial resolution of
the system. LM-MLEM consistently returned the highest spatial
resolution images, with a 7.3 ± 0.5 mm FWHM achieved for
99mTc point sources, consistent with current clinical gamma
cameras. Our results demonstrate the potential of the Timepix3 as a
single layer CdTe Compton camera for clinical applications using low
energy gamma emitters. The developed MC model will provide a means
of investigating larger area, single layer CdTe Compton cameras for
nuclear medicine imaging.
Spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services and their valuation across himalayas: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sharma Prakhar , Prashanth Swathi S , Sharma Ashutosh , Sen Sumit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Mountain Ecosystems, such as the Himalayan region, not only provide numerous Ecosystem Services (ESs) to millions of people living in mountainous areas but also provide essential ES to those living downstream. However, there is often an uneven distribution of ES availability and its value across different regions. Therefore, a better understanding of the spatial heterogeneity of ES is required for efficient and sustainable management of ES. This study thoroughly reviews literary data to examine ES’s spatial distribution and economic values across the Western, Central, and Eastern Himalayas. The literature was searched in the Scopus online database using the Boolean method from specific keywords such as ‘Ecosystem Services’ AND ‘Himalayas’. A systematic review of 76 of the most relevant literature sources yielded 31 unique ES divided into three categories: Provisioning (PES), Regulating (RES), and Cultural (CES). The distribution of reviewed literature is relatively balanced across the Himalayas (Western: 30.26%, Central: 32.89%, Eastern: 36.84%); however, the analysis identified a bias towards PES (43.54%), highlighting a need for increased research focus on RES (36.48%) and CES (19.98%). Notably, water-related services such as PES9 (Surface water used as a material (non-drinking purposes)) and PES8 (Surface water for drinking) have been ranked highest in all regions of the Himalayas yet have not been comprehensively studied in terms of their quantification and valuation. Furthermore, while most literature focused on the identification of ES (73.68%), there is a significant lack of attention to quantification (39.47%) and valuation (23.68%) of ES in the region. The average economic values for PES, RES, and CES were 446.75 USD/ha/year, 1128.81 USD/ha/year, and 457.51 USD/ha/year, respectively, indicating higher valuation for RES. This underlines the need for a more balanced research approach that includes identifying and thoroughly quantifying and valuing all types of ES in the Himalayas.
Molecular breath profile of acute COPD exacerbations
Authors: Basler Sarah , Sievi Noriane A , Schmidt Felix , Fricke Kai , Arvaji Alexandra , Herth Jonas , Baur Diego M , Sinues Pablo , Ulrich Silvia , Kohler Malcolm 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) show high variability in individual susceptibility and promote disease progression; thus, accurate diagnosis and treatment is essential. Unravelling the molecular metabolic changes during AECOPD in breath could promote understanding of AECOPD and its treatment. Our objective was to investigate the metabolic breath profiles during AECOPD for biomarker detection. We conducted real-time breath analysis in patients with COPD during AECOPD and during subsequent stable phase. Molecular breath patterns were compared between AECOPD and stable phase by dimension reduction techniques and paired t-tests. Pathway enrichment analyses were performed to investigate underlying metabolic pathways. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis and XGboost were utilised to build a prediction model to differentiate AECOPD from stable state. 35 patients (60% male) with a mean age of 65 (10.2) yr with AECOPD were included. AECOPD could be predicted with a high sensitivity of 82.5% (95% confidence interval of 68.8%–93.8%) and an excellent discriminative power (AUC = 0.86). Metabolic changes in the linoleate, tyrosine, and tryptophan pathways during AECOPD were predominant. Significant metabolic changes occur during COPD exacerbations, predominantly in the linoleate, tyrosine, and tryptophan pathways, which are all linked to inflammation. Real-time exhaled breath analysis enables a good prediction of AECOPD compared to stable state and thus could enhance precision of AECOPD diagnosis and efficacy in clinical practice.
Shotgun metabolomic analysis of killer whale (Orcinus orca) exhaled breath condensate
Authors: Harsla Trevor R , Breitzman Matthew W , Showman Lucas J , Robeck Todd R , Staggs Lydia A , Russell Jennifer P , Schmitt Todd L , Steinman Karen J , McGill Jodi L , Lippolis John D , Sacco Randy E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The ocean is facing many anthropogenic stressors caused from both pollution and climate change. These stressors are significantly impacting and changing the ocean’s ecosystem, and as such, methods must continually be developed that can improve our ability to monitor the health of marine life. For cetaceans, the current practice for health assessments of individuals requires live capture and release, which is expensive, usually stressful, and for larger species impractical. In this study, we investigated the potential of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples to provide unique metabolomic profiles from healthy killer whales (Orcinus orca) of varying known age and sex. EBC collection is a non-invasive procedure that has potential for remote collection using unmanned aerial vehicles, thus improving our ability to understand physiologic parameters within wild populations while minimizing stress from collection procedures. However, descriptions of the available metabolome within EBC and its clinical significance within animals of known health and age must be described before this technique can be considered diagnostically useful. We describe normal variations of the metabolome across age and sex and provide evidence for the potential of this breath analysis method to become a valuable adjunctive tool for assessing the health of managed-care and free-ranging killer whales.