bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Dexmedetomidine Infusions on Hemodynamic Stability in Patients undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Dodeja Himanshu , Udaybhaskar Vinaya , Singam Amol 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Objectives: In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, there has been emphasis on maintaining hemodynamic stability by avoiding hypertension, hypotension, or tachycardia. The hemodynamic instability is persistent during the duration of pneumoperitoneum (PNP), namely, CO2 insufflations. This study helps us to find out the efficacy of dexmedetomidine on cardiovascular system stability in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Materials and methods: Thirty patients were randomized into two groups of 15 members each: group P (placebo group) and group D (dexmedetomidine group). In the former, patients received 0.9% 20 mL normal saline, while in the latter, patients received 0.4 μg/kg/hr of injection dexmedetomidine in 0.9% normal saline. In all patients, age, weight, height, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded.
Results: Dexmedetomidine being a highly selective and potent and specific alpha 2 agonist attenuates the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation, decreases plasma catecholamine concentration during anesthesia, and decreases perioperative requirements of inhaled anesthetics. We found that dexmedetomidine helped in blunting the pressor response during the intubation, kept the HR and mean arterial pressure stable intraoperatively, and there was faster recovery as the requirement of inhalation agent was decreased intraoperatively.
Conclusion: The drug dexmedetomidine maintained cardiovascular stability during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The inhalational agent (isoflurane) requirement was found to be considerably lower. Also, the mean recovery time as indicated by the ability to vocalize following extubation was found to be significantly less. Hence, it can be recommended in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for maintaining cardiovascular system stability.
A Rare Case Report of Molar Pregnancy with Coexisting Fetus
Authors: Nathani Richa S , Nisar Zeba 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Aim: Here we report a molar pregnancy with a coexisting fetus progressing to a viable, healthy infant which is an extreme rarity, with the incidence of 0.005–0.01% of all the pregnancies.
Background: Partial mole is defined as excessive trophoblastic proliferation with normal and hydropic villi and presence of a fetus or a fetal circulation with nucleated cells. Partial molar pregnancy with a singleton live fetes is a rare condition. it is commonly seen with twin gestation and it is rare with singleton pregnancy
Case report: A 30 years old primigravida, referred from a private hospital at 38 weeks of gestation delivered a phenotypically normal and healthy infant 2200 gm in weight by caesarean section. The placenta weighed 500 gms and on sectioning revealed widespread, grape-like vesicles. Light microscopy revealed normal villi coexisting with villi showing hydropic change and cistern formation and diffuse circumferential trophoblastic hyperplasia consistent with molar change. A diagnosis of partial molar pregnancy with normal fetus was made.
Conclusion: Very few twin pregnancies with a hydatidiform mole and a foetus continue to term as they often have spontaneous or induced terminations for maternal complications Management of molar changes associated with normal appearing fetus still remains challenging as not many studies have been done due to rarity of this disorder.
Clinical significance: Though the general trend is to terminate pregnancy in foetus with coexistent mole in anticipation of complications, under close surveillance, optimal outcomes can be achieved. Monitoring of serum β-hCG, serial ultrasound for fetal growth, size of molar component, and theca lutein cysts can help to predict good patient outcomes.
Corrosion Assessment of Zinc-Rich Primers Containing Polyaniline and the Effect of Acid as a Dopant
Authors: Li Ximing , Cubides Yenny , He Zhouying , Soucek Mark D. , Castaneda Homero 
Published: July 2018

We investigated how adding the dopant acid for polyaniline (PAni)-containing zinc-rich primers (ZRPs) can influence the resulting ZRP’s corrosion performance. Two organic acids (camphorsulfonic [CS] and phenylphosphonic acid [H2PP]), and two inorganic acids (phosphoric [H2PO4] and hydrochloricacid [HCl]) were tested and the different PAni-modified ZRPs exhibited differences in their cathodic protection and barrier mechanisms during exposure to a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The hydrochloricacid-doped PAni-containing ZRP had the best anticorrosion properties in terms of the zinc particle interfacial activation (sacrificial) and coating’s barrier properties. Corrosion resistance of the coating systems can be ranked as PAni-Cl &gt; PAni-H2PO4 &gt; PAni-HPP ≥ PAni-CS. The corrosion assessment of these coatings can be explained in terms of three stages: the activation stage of the zinc particles, the competition stage, and the steady state stage.
Fontes e recursos de informação tradicionais e digitais: propostas internacionais de classificação
Authors: Melo Alves Fernanda Maria , Santos Bruno Almeida dos 
Published: July 2018

Objetivo. O estudo tem como objetivo estudar diferentes propostas internacionais de classificação de fontes e recursos de informação.Método. Apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre vários conceitos e definições, tais como dado, informação e conhecimento em contexto tradicional e digital, analisa definições, conceitos e classificações de fontes e recursos de informação, apresentadas num quadro cronológico, que facilita a identificação de suas concordâncias e discordâncias.Resultados. Os resultados sugerem que, embora os estudos sobre fontes e recursos de informação sejam preocupação de vários autores e organizações, é necessário continuar a aprofundar e refletir sobre eles e acompanhar sua rápida evolução.Conclusões. O novo paradigma educativo universitário requer dos docentes, investigadores e profissionais da informação esforços para preparar os estudantes a procurar, encontrar, avaliar e usar a informação e transformá-la em conhecimento para a tomada de decisões em sua vida individual e profissional, incrementar o gosto pela aprendizagem ao longo da vida e agir como cidadãos ativos e solidários, atuando na construção da sociedade democrática.
Reference norms for evaluating maximum expiratory flow of children and adolescents of the Maule Region in Chile
Authors: Cossio-Bolaños Marco Antonio , Andruske Cynthia , Arruda Miguel , Sulla-Torres Jose , Pacheco-Carrillo Jaime , Urra-Albornoz Camilo , Gomez-Campos Rossana 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe norms for evaluating the maximum expiratory flow (MEF) usually are developed according to chronological age and height. However, to date, little research has been conducted using reference values that take into account the temporal changes of biological maturation. The objectives of this study were to (a) compare the MEF with those of other international studies, (b) align the MEF values with chronological and biological age, and (c) propose reference standards for children and adolescents.MethodsThe sample studied consisted of 3,566 students of both sexes (1,933 males and 1,633 females) ranging in age from 5.0 to 17.9 years old. Weight, standing height, and sitting height were measured. Body mass index was calculated. Biological maturation was predicted by using age of peak height velocity growth (APHV). MEF (L/min) was obtained by using a forced expiratory manoeuvre. Percentiles were calculated using the LMS method.Results and DiscussionPredicted APHV was at age 14.77 ± 0.78 years for males and for females at age 12.74 ± 1.0 years. Biological age was more useful than chronological age for assessing MEF in both sexes. Based on these findings, regional percentiles were created to diagnose and monitor the risk of asthma and the general expiratory status of paediatric populations.
Comparison of ventricular tachyarrhythmia recurrence between ischemic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study
Authors: Fang Chih-Yuan , Chen Huang-Chung , Chen Yung-Lung , Tsai Tzu-Hsien , Pan Kuo-Li , Lin Yu-Sheng , Chen Mien-Cheng , Lee Wei-Chieh 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has been established as an effective secondary prevention strategy for ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF). However, few reports discuss the difference in clinical predictors for recurrent VT/VF between patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).MethodsFrom May 2004 to December 2015, 132 consecutive patients who had ICM (n= 94) or DCM (n= 38) and had received ICD implantation for secondary prevention were enrolled in this study. All anti-tachycardia events during follow-up were validated. The clinical characteristics and echocardiographic parameters were obtained for comparison. The incidence of recurrence of VT/VF, cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, the change of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV volume were analyzed.ResultsAt a mean follow-up of 3.62 ± 2.93 years, 34 patients (36.2%) in the ICM group and 22 patients (57.9%) in the DCM group had a recurrence of VT/VF episodes (p= 0.032). The DCM group had a lower LVEF (p= 0.019), a larger LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (p= 0.001), a higher prevalence of LVEDV >158 mL (p= 0.010), and a larger LV end-systolic volume (p= 0.010) than the ICM group. LVEDV >158 mL and no use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker were independent predictors of recurrences of VT/VF in ICM patients but not in DCM patients. There were no difference in cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality between the ICM and DCM patients.ConclusionThe DCM patients had a higher recurrence rate of VT/VF than did the ICM patients during long-term follow-up. An enlarged LV is an independent predictor of the recurrence of VT/VF in ICM patients receiving ICD for secondary prevention.
The Design and Synthesis of Hollow Micro‐/Nanostructures: Present and Future Trends
Authors: Yu Le , Yu Xin Yao , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHollow micro‐/nanostructures have attracted tremendous interest owing to their intriguing structure‐induced physicochemical properties and great potential for widespread applications. With the development of modern synthetic methodology and analytical instruments, a rapid structural/compositional evolution of hollow structures from simple to complex has occurred in recent decades. Here, an updated overview of research progress made in the synthesis of hollow structures is provided. After an introduction of definition and classification, achievements in synthetic approaches for these delicate hollow architectures are presented in detail. According to formation mechanisms, these strategies can be categorized into four different types, including hard‐templating, soft‐templating, self‐templated, and template‐free methods. In particular, the rationales and emerging innovations in conventional templating syntheses are in focus. The development of burgeoning self‐templating strategies based on controlled etching, outward diffusion, and heterogeneous contraction is also summarized. In addition, a brief overview of template‐free methods and recent advances on combined mechanisms is provided. Notably, the strengths and weaknesses of each category are discussed in detail. In conclusion, a perspective on future trends in the research of hollow micro‐/nanostructures is given.
Enabling and Localizing Omnidirectional Nonlinear Deformation in Liquid Crystalline Elastomers
Authors: Auguste Anesia D. , Ward Jeremy W. , Hardin James O. , Kowalski Benjamin A. , Guin Tyler C. , Berrigan J. Daniel , White Timothy J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLiquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are widely recognized for their exceptional promise as actuating materials. Here, the comparatively less celebrated but also compelling nonlinear response of these materials to mechanical load is examined. Prior examinations of planarly aligned LCEs exhibit unidirectional nonlinear deformation to mechanical loads. A methodology is presented to realize surface‐templated homeotropic orientation in LCEs and omnidirectional nonlinearity in mechanical deformation. Inkjet printing of the homeotropic alignment surface localizes regions of homeotropic and planar orientation within a monolithic LCE element. The local control of the self‐assembly and orientation of the LCE, when subject to rational design, yield functional materials continuous in composition with discontinuous mechanical deformation. The variation in mechanical deformation in the film can enable the realization of nontrivial performance. For example, a patterned LCE is prepared and shown to exhibit a near‐zero Poisson's ratio. Further, it is demonstrated that the local control of deformation can enable the fabrication of rugged, flexible electronic devices. An additively manufactured device withstands complex mechanical deformations that would normally cause catastrophic failure.
Nanostructured Biointerfaces Based on Bioceramic Calcium Carbonate/Hydrogel Coatings on Titanium with an Active Enzyme for Stimulating Osteoblasts Growth
Authors: Muderrisoglu Cahit , Saveleva Mariia , Abalymov Anatolii , Van der Meeren Louis , Ivanova Anna , Atkin Vsevolod , Parakhonskiy Bogdan , Skirtach Andre G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNovel bone growth‐stimulating interfaces are designed via surface modification of titanium (Ti) surfaces using the bioceramic CaCO3 in the vaterite phase, Ca‐crosslinked alginate hydrogel, or a blend of these two materials with an active enzyme, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as an osteoinductive component. The surface morphology and chemistry of the engineered surfaces are investigated using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while the vaterite crystal fraction within the inorganic phase of the different coating types is determined by X‐ray diffraction. The functionality of the osteoconductive assembled bioceramic–hydrogel interface on Ti surface in regard with an active ALP payload is verified by the surface ALP loading and its activity. The methods of loading of ALP onto a Ti surface, adsorption versus coprecipitation, have a significant influence on the activity of immobilized ALP amount. The osteoblasts cultivated on the engineered surfaces functionalized with ALP exhibit a higher viability. The proposed composite materials with an active surface and a high mineral content represent an attractive biointerface for tissue engineering.
Enhanced Ionic Sensitivity in Solution‐Gated Graphene‐Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterostructure Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Hasan Nowzesh , Hou Bo , Moore Arden L. , Radadia Adarsh D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe charge transport in solution‐gated graphene devices is affected by the impurities and disorder of the underlying dielectric interface and its interaction with the solution. Advancement in field‐effect ion sensing by fabricating a dielectric isomorph, hexagonal boron nitride between graphene and silicon dioxide of a solution‐gated graphene field‐effect transistor is being reported. Ionic sensitivity of Dirac voltage as high as −198 mV per decade for K+ and −110 mV per decade for Ca2+ is recorded. Increased transconductance due to increased charge carrier mobility is accompanied with larger ionic sensitivity of the transconductance due to larger ionic sensitivity of the charge carrier mobility. These findings define a standard to construct future graphene devices for biosensing and bioelectronics applications.
Pareto Optimal Spectrally Selective Emitters for Thermophotovoltaics via Weak Absorber Critical Coupling
Authors: Jeon Nari , Hernandez Jonathan J. , Rosenmann Daniel , Gray Stephen K. , Martinson Alex B. F. , Foley IV Jonathan J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTailoring the emission spectra of a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) emitter away from that of a blackbody has the potential to minimize transmission and thermalization loss in a photovoltaic receiver. Selective TPV emitters can lead to solar energy conversion with efficiency greater than the Shockley–Queisser limit and can facilitate the generation of useful energy from waste heat. A new design is introduced to radically tune thermal emission that leverages the interplay between two resonant phenomena in simple planar nanostructures—absorption in weakly absorbing nanofilms and reflection in multilayer dielectric stacks. A virtual screening approach is employed to identify promising structures for a selective thermal emitter from a search space of millions, several of which approach the ideal values of a step‐function selective thermal emitter. One of these structures is experimentally fabricated and evaluated, which includes a weakly absorbing alloy with tailored optical properties fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The versatility of the design and fabrication approach result in an emitter with excellent spectral density (0.8 W cm−2 sr−1) and spectral efficiency (46.8%) at 1373 K. Future experimental challenges to a more accurate realization of the optimal structures calculated are also considered.
A Porphyrin/Graphene Framework: A Highly Efficient and Robust Electrocatalyst for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Choi Jaecheol , Wagner Pawel , Jalili Rouhollah , Kim Jeonghun , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Wallace Gordon G. , Officer David L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDeveloping immobilized molecular complexes, which demonstrate high product efficiencies at low overpotential in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in aqueous media, is essential for the practical production of reduction products. In this work, a simple and facile self‐assembly method is demonstrated by electrostatic interaction and π–π stacking for the fabrication of a porphyrin/graphene framework (FePGF) composed of Fe(III) tetraphenyltrimethylammonium porphyrin and reduced liquid crystalline graphene oxide that can be utilized for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO on a glassy carbon electrode in aqueous electrolyte. The FePGF results in an outstanding robust catalytic performance for the production of CO with 97.0% faradaic efficiency at an overpotential of 480 mV and superior long‐term stability relative to other heterogeneous molecular complexes of over 24 h (cathodic energy efficiency: 58.1%). In addition, a high surface area carbon fiber paper is used as a substrate for FePGF catalyst, resulting in enhanced current density of 1.68 mA cm−2 with 98.7% CO faradaic efficiency at an overpotential of 430 mV for 10 h, corresponding to a turnover frequency of 2.9 s−1 and 104 400 turnover number. Furthermore, FePGF/CFP has one of the highest cathodic energy efficiencies (60.9%) reported for immobilized metal complex catalysts.
Fractal (NixCo1−x)9Se8 Nanodendrite Arrays with Highly Exposed () Surface for Wearable, All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitor
Authors: Yang Peiyu , Wu Zeyi , Jiang Yingchang , Pan Zhichang , Tian Wenchao , Jiang Le , Hu Linfeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHierarchical nanostructures with highly exposed active surfaces for high‐performance pseudocapacitors have attracted considerable attention. Herein, a one‐step growth of (Ni
xCo1−x)9Se8 solid solution series in various conductive substrates as advanced electrodes for flexible, foldable supercapacitors is developed. The formation of (NixCo1−x)9Se8 solid solution is confirmed by Vegard's law. Interestingly, the as‐grown (NixCo1−x)9Se8 solid solution series spontaneously crystallized into nanodendrite arrays with hierarchical morphology and fractal feature. The optimized (Ni0.1Co0.9)9Se8 nanodendrites deliver a specific capacitance of 3762 F g−1 at a current density of 5 A g−1 and remains 94.8% of the initial capacitance after 5000 cycles, owing to the advantage from fractal feature with numerous exposed () surface as well as fast ion diffusion. The as‐assembled flexible (Ni0.1Co0.9)9Se8@carbon fiber cloth (CFC)//PVA/KOH//reduced graphene oxide@CFC device exhibits an ultrahigh energy density of 17.0 Wh kg−1@ 3.1 kW kg−1, outperforming recently reported pseudocapacitors based on nickel‐cobalt sulfide and selenide counterparts. This study provides rational guidance toward the design of fractal feature with superior electrochemical performances due to the significantly increased electrochemical active sites. The resulting device can be easily folded, pulled, and twisted, enabling potential applications in high‐performance wearable and gadget devices.
Highly Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Based on Laponite Nanosheet‐Coated Celgard Separators
Authors: Yang Yanfei , Zhang Junping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are of great interest due to their high theoretical energy density. However, one of the key issues hindering their real world applications is polysulfide shuttle, which results in severe capacity decay and self‐discharge. Here, a laponite nanosheets/carbon black coated Celgard (LNS/CB‐Celgard) separator to inhibit polysulfide shuttle and to enhance the Li+ conductivity simultaneously is reported. The polysulfide shuttle is efficiently inhibited through strong interactions between the O active sites of the LNS and polysulfides by forming the Li···O and OS bonds. Moreover, the separator features high Li+ conductivity, fast Li+ diffusion, excellent electrolyte wettability, and high thermal stability. Consequently, the Li–S batteries with the LNS/CB‐Celgard separator and the pure S cathode show a high initial reversible capacity of 1387 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C, high rate performance, superior cycling stability (with a capacity decay rate of 0.06% cycle−1 at 0.2 C and 0.028% cycle−1 at 1.0 C over 500 cycles), and ultralow self‐discharge. The separator could also enhance the performance of other batteries such as the LiFePO4/separator/Li battery. This work sheds a new light on the design and preparation of novel separators for highly stable Li–S batteries via a “green” and cost‐effective approach.
Aqueous Synthesis of Ultrathin Platinum/Non‐Noble Metal Alloy Nanowires for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Liu Zhaojun , Qi Jing , Liu Moxuan , Zhang Shumeng , Fan Qikui , Liu Hongpo , Liu Kai , Zheng Haoquan , Yin Yadong , Gao Chuanbo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough aqueous synthesis of nanocrystals is advantageous in terms of the cost, convenience, environmental friendliness, and surface cleanness of the product, nanocrystals of Pt and non‐noble metal alloys are difficult to obtain with controlled morphology and composition from this synthesis owing to a huge gap between the reduction potentials of respective metal salts. This huge gap could now be remedied by introducing a sulfite into the aqueous synthesis, which is believed to resemble an electroless plating mechanism, giving rise to a colloid of Pt‐M (M=Ni, Co, Fe) alloy nanowires with an ultrasmall thickness (ca. 2.6 nm) in a high yield. The sulfite also leads to the formation of surface M−S bonds and thus atomic‐level Pt/M–S(OH) interfaces for greatly boosted hydrogen evolution kinetics under alkaline conditions. An activity of 75.3 mA cm−2 has been achieved with 3 μg of Pt in 1 m KOH at an overpotential of 70 mV, which is superior to previously reported catalysts.
Spontaneous Membrane Generation and Extension in a Dipeptide Single Crystal and Phospholipid Mixed System
Authors: Fu Meifang , Li Junbai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSelf‐reproduction is one of the most important characteristics of lipid vesicles for origin of life research. Most vesicle self‐reproduction systems are based on fatty acid vesicles and spontaneous phospholipid vesicle production is difficult owing to the relatively high stability of these vesicles. Now, spontaneous phospholipid vesicle generation and extension in a dipeptide/phospholipid system is demonstrated. Dissolution of the dipeptide crystal provides both the driving force and phospholipid constituents for vesicle generation and extension. This study provides a new system to enhance the understanding of vesicle self‐reproduction mechanisms.