bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-group approach to examining language development in at-risk learners
Authors: DELCENSERIE A. , GENESEE F. , TRUDEAU N. , CHAMPOUX F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA battery of standardized language tests and control measures was administered to three groups of at-risk language learners – internationally adopted children, deaf children with cochlear implants, and children with specific language impairment – and to groups of second-language learners and typically developing monolingual children. All children were acquiring French, were matched on age, gender, and socioeconomic status, and were between age 5;0 and 7;3 at the time of testing. Differences between the at-risk and not-at-risk groups were evident in all domains of language testing. The children with SLI or CIs scored significantly lower than the IA children and all three at-risk groups scored lower than the monolingual group; the L2 and IA groups scored similarly. The results suggest that children with limited access to, or ability to process, early language input are at greater risk than children with delayed input to an additional language but otherwise typical or relatively typical early input.
Videoconferencing and the networked provision of language programs in regional and rural schools
Authors: Slaughter Yvette , Smith Wally , Hajek John 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe use of videoconferencing technology to support the delivery of language programs shows great potential in regional and rural settings where a lack of access to specialist teachers limits equitable access to education. In this article, we investigate the establishment of two regional and rural primary school networks in Australia for videoconferenced language learning. Adopting a perspective taken from the discipline of information systems called structuration theory, we examine how the technology they use both changes and is changed by its use in language learning, and how schools and teachers take control of technology and adapt their educational approaches. Case studies were carried out on the two networks using multiple data sources, including interviews and observation of language classes. The findings reveal that even with the same conceptual foundations and aims, divergent models of practice emerge as sustainable adaptations to localised factors. These differences are shaped by, among other things, an interplay between the quality of infrastructure, prior knowledge, and the “material properties” of the technology, including its functions, limits, and deployment in physical space. A closer look at these practices illustrates limitations and possibilities specifically for language education, but also more broadly illustrates how the success of these videoconferencing initiatives are influenced by a nuanced combination of social, educational, and technological factors.
Cryopreservation of collared peccary (Pecari tajacu L., 1758) epididymal sperm using extenders based on Tris and powdered coconut water (ACP®-116c)
Authors: Bezerra José A. B. , Silva Andréia M. , Sousa Patrícia C , Campos Lívia B. , Praxedes Érica C. G. , Bezerra Luana G. P. , Castelo Thibério S. , Souza Ana L. P. , Silva Alexandre R. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to establish a functional freezing–thawing protocol for epididymal sperm of collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu L., 1758) by comparing different extenders. The epididymal sperm from 12 sexually mature males was recovered by retrograde flushing using Tris-based or coconut water-based (ACP®-116c) extenders. After initial evaluation, samples were diluted and frozen with the same extenders to which 20% egg yolk and 6% glycerol were added. After 2 weeks, thawing was performed at 37°C/60 s and sperm motility, vigour, morphology, functional membrane integrity, sperm viability, sperm plasma membrane integrity, and a computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) were assessed. In addition, to evaluate the survival of frozen–thawed sperm, a thermal resistance test (TRT) was executed. Samples preserved using Tris were in better condition compared with those preserved using ACP®, showing higher values for most assessments performed, including CASA and the TRT (P<0.05). After determining Tris to be the better of the two extenders, additional samples were thawed using different thawing rates (37°C/60 s, 55°C/7 s, 70°C/8 s). Sperm thawed at 37°C/60 s had the greatest preservation (P<0.05) of viability (54.1 ± 5.9%) and functional membrane integrity (43.2 ± 5.4%), and had higher values for various CASA parameters. In conclusion, we suggest the use of a Tris-based extender added to egg yolk and glycerol for the cryopreservation of epididymal sperm obtained from collared peccaries. In order to achieve better post-thawing sperm quality, we suggest that samples should be thawed at 37°C/60 s.
Vascular ring associated with d-transposition of the great arteries: when should we suspect aortic arch anomalies?
Authors: Nakano Katsutoshi , Hayashi Taiyu , Ono Hiroshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA male neonate with d-transposition of the great arteries was diagnosed with the concomitant anomaly of left circumflex aortic arch and right-sided ductus arteriosus, which formed a vascular ring. Initial postnatal echocardiography had demonstrated an obscured aortic isthmus mimicking coarctation of the aorta, which could be a diagnostic clue to circumflex aortic arch.
A New Framework for Near‐Surface Wind Convergence Over the Kuroshio Extension and Gulf Stream in Wintertime: The Role of Atmospheric Fronts
Authors: Parfitt Rhys , Seo Hyodae 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt is well known that the wintertime time‐mean surface wind convergence patterns over the Kuroshio Extension and Gulf Stream show significant imprints of the underlying oceanic fronts. Previous studies have suggested that this collocation results from a time‐mean response to sea level pressure forcing from sea surface temperature gradients. However, more recent work has illustrated this phenomenon is heavily influenced by extratropical cyclones, although exact mechanisms are still debated. The purpose of this study is to introduce a new framework that explicitly distinguishes between two separate components in their contribution to the time‐mean surface wind convergence, that associated with and without atmospheric fronts. It is then argued that this distinction can help better explain the mechanisms driving the Kuroshio Extension and Gulf Stream influence on the atmosphere.
Spatiotemporal segregation of human marginal zone and memory B cell populations in lymphoid tissue
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Uduman Mohamed , Siu Jacqueline H. Y. , Tull Thomas J. , Sanderson Jeremy D. , Wu Yu-Chang Bryan , Zhou Julian Q. , Petrov Nedyalko , Ellis Richard , Todd Katrina , Chavele Konstantia-Maria , Guesdon William , Vossenkamper Anna , Jassem Wayel , D’Cruz David P. , Fear David J. , John Susan , Scheel-Toellner Dagmar , Hopkins Claire , Moreno Estefania , Woodman Natalie L. , Ciccarelli Francesca , Heck Susanne , Kleinstein Steven H. , Bemark Mats , Spencer Jo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHuman memory B cells and marginal zone (MZ) B cells share common features such as the expression of CD27 and somatic mutations in theirIGHVandBCL6genes, but the relationship between them is controversial. Here, we show phenotypic progression within lymphoid tissues as MZ B cells emerge from the mature naïve B cell pool via a precursor CD27−CD45RBMEM55+population distant from memory cells. By imaging mass cytometry, we find that MZ B cells and memory B cells occupy different microanatomical niches in organised gut lymphoid tissues. Both populations disseminate widely between distant lymphoid tissues and blood, and both diversify their IGHV repertoire in gut germinal centres (GC), but nevertheless remain largely clonally separate. MZ B cells are therefore not developmentally contiguous with or analogous to classical memory B cells despite their shared ability to transit through GC, where somatic mutations are acquired.
Beaming random lasers with soliton control
Authors: Perumbilavil Sreekanth , Piccardi Armando , Barboza Raouf , Buchnev Oleksandr , Kauranen Martti , Strangi Giuseppe , Assanto Gaetano 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRandom lasers are resonator-less light sources where feedback stems from recurrent scattering at the expense of spatial profile and directionality. Suitably-doped nematic liquid crystals can random lase when optically pumped near resonance(s); moreover, through molecular reorientation within the transparency region, they support self-guided optical spatial solitons, i.e., light-induced waveguides. Here, we synergistically combine solitons and collinear pumping in weakly scattering dye-doped nematic liquid crystals, whereby random lasing and self-confinement concur to beaming the emission, with several improved features: all-optical switching driven by a low-power input, laser directionality and smooth output profile with high-conversion efficiency, externally controlled angular steering. Such effects make soliton-assisted random lasers an outstanding route towards application-oriented random lasers.
A naturally protective epitope of limited variability as an influenza vaccine target
Authors: Thompson Craig P. , Lourenço José , Walters Adam A. , Obolski Uri , Edmans Matthew , Palmer Duncan S. , Kooblall Kreepa , Carnell George W. , O’Connor Daniel , Bowden Thomas A. , Pybus Oliver G. , Pollard Andrew J. , Temperton Nigel J. , Lambe Teresa , Gilbert Sarah C. , Gupta Sunetra 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCurrent antigenic targets for influenza vaccine development are either highly immunogenic epitopes of high variability or conserved epitopes of low immunogenicity. This requires continuous update of the variable epitopes in the vaccine formulation or boosting of immunity to invariant epitopes of low natural efficacy. Here we identify a highly immunogenic epitope of limited variability in the head domain of the H1 haemagglutinin protein. We show that a cohort of young children exhibit natural immunity to a set of historical influenza strains which they could not have previously encountered and that this is partially mediated through the epitope. Furthermore, vaccinating mice with these epitope conformations can induce immunity to human H1N1 influenza strains that have circulated since 1918. The identification of epitopes of limited variability offers a mechanism by which a universal influenza vaccine can be created; these vaccines would also have the potential to protect against newly emerging influenza strains.
A tissue-specific self-interacting chromatin domain forms independently of enhancer-promoter interactions
Authors: Brown Jill M. , Roberts Nigel A. , Graham Bryony , Waithe Dominic , Lagerholm Christoffer , Telenius Jelena M. , De Ornellas Sara , Oudelaar A. Marieke , Scott Caroline , Szczerbal Izabela , Babbs Christian , Kassouf Mira T. , Hughes Jim R. , Higgs Douglas R. , Buckle Veronica J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSelf-interacting chromatin domains encompass genes and their cis-regulatory elements; however, the three-dimensional form a domain takes, whether this relies on enhancer–promoter interactions, and the processes necessary to mediate the formation and maintenance of such domains, remain unclear. To examine these questions, here we use a combination of high-resolution chromosome conformation capture, a non-denaturing form of fluorescence in situ hybridisation and super-resolution imaging to study a 70 kb domain encompassing the mouse α-globin regulatory locus. We show that this region forms an erythroid-specific, decompacted, self-interacting domain, delimited by frequently apposed CTCF/cohesin binding sites early in terminal erythroid differentiation, and does not require transcriptional elongation for maintenance of the domain structure. Formation of this domain does not rely on interactions between the α-globin genes and their major enhancers, suggesting a transcription-independent mechanism for establishment of the domain. However, absence of the major enhancers does alter internal domain interactions. Formation of a loop domain therefore appears to be a mechanistic process that occurs irrespective of the specific interactions within.
Hierarchical and stage-specific regulation of murine cardiomyocyte maturation by serum response factor
Authors: Guo Yuxuan , Jardin Blake D. , Zhou Pingzhu , Sethi Isha , Akerberg Brynn N. , Toepfer Christopher N , Ai Yulan , Li Yifei , Ma Qing , Guatimosim Silvia , Hu Yongwu , Varuzhanyan Grigor , VanDusen Nathan J. , Zhang Donghui , Chan David C. , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Seidman Christine E. , Seidman Jonathan G. , Pu William T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAfter birth, cardiomyocytes (CM) acquire numerous adaptations in order to efficiently pump blood throughout an animal’s lifespan. How this maturation process is regulated and coordinated is poorly understood. Here, we perform a CRISPR/Cas9 screen in mice and identify serum response factor (SRF) as a key regulator of CM maturation. Mosaic SRF depletion in neonatal CMs disrupts many aspects of their maturation, including sarcomere expansion, mitochondrial biogenesis, transverse-tubule formation, and cellular hypertrophy. Maintenance of maturity in adult CMs is less dependent on SRF. This stage-specific activity is associated with developmentally regulated SRF chromatin occupancy and transcriptional regulation. SRF directly activates genes that regulate sarcomere assembly and mitochondrial dynamics. Perturbation of sarcomere assembly but not mitochondrial dynamics recapitulates SRF knockout phenotypes. SRF overexpression also perturbs CM maturation. Together, these data indicate that carefully balanced SRF activity is essential to promote CM maturation through a hierarchy of cellular processes orchestrated by sarcomere assembly.
Cerebello-thalamo-cortical hyperconnectivity as a state-independent functional neural signature for psychosis prediction and characterization
Authors: Cao Hengyi , Chén Oliver Y. , Chung Yoonho , Forsyth Jennifer K. , McEwen Sarah C. , Gee Dylan G. , Bearden Carrie E. , Addington Jean , Goodyear Bradley , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Mirzakhanian Heline , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Carrión Ricardo E. , Mathalon Daniel H. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Perkins Diana O. , Belger Aysenil , Seidman Larry J. , Thermenos Heidi , Tsuang Ming T. , van Erp Theo G. M. , Walker Elaine F. , Hamann Stephan , Anticevic Alan , Woods Scott W. , Cannon Tyrone D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the fundamental alterations in brain functioning that lead to psychotic disorders remains a major challenge in clinical neuroscience. In particular, it is unknown whether any state-independent biomarkers can potentially predict the onset of psychosis and distinguish patients from healthy controls, regardless of paradigm. Here, using multi-paradigm fMRI data from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study consortium, we show that individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis display an intrinsic “trait-like” abnormality in brain architecture characterized as increased connectivity in the cerebello–thalamo–cortical circuitry, a pattern that is significantly more pronounced among converters compared with non-converters. This alteration is significantly correlated with disorganization symptoms and predictive of time to conversion to psychosis. Moreover, using an independent clinical sample, we demonstrate that this hyperconnectivity pattern is reliably detected and specifically present in patients with schizophrenia. These findings implicate cerebello–thalamo–cortical hyperconnectivity as a robust state-independent neural signature for psychosis prediction and characterization.
Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion
Authors: Zheng Xiaoting , Wang Xiaoli , Sullivan Corwin , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Fucheng , Wang Yan , Li Feng , Xu Xing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBirds have a highly specialized and efficient digestive system, but when this system originated remains uncertain. Here we report six gastric pellets attributable to the recently discovered 160-million-year-old troodontid dinosaur Anchiornis, which is among the key taxa for understanding the transition to birds. The gastric pellets contain lightly acid-etched lizard bones or fish scales, and some are associated with Anchiornis skeletons or even situated within the oesophagus. Anchiornis is the earliest and most basal theropod known to have produced gastric pellets. In combination with other lines of evidence, the pellets suggest that a digestive system resembling that of modern birds was already present in basal members of the Paraves, a clade including troodontids, dromaeosaurids, and birds, and that the evolution of modern avian digestion may have been related to the appearance of aerial locomotion in this lineage.
Commensal microbiota induces colonic barrier structure and functions that contribute to homeostasis
Authors: Hayes Christina L. , Dong Jasmine , Galipeau Heather J. , Jury Jennifer , McCarville Justin , Huang Xianxi , Wang Xuan-Yu , Naidoo Avee , Anbazhagan Arivarasu N. , Libertucci Josie , Sheridan Conor , Dudeja Pradeep K. , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Surette Michael G. , Verdu Elena F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe intestinal barrier encompasses structural, permeability and immune aspects of the gut mucosa that, when disrupted, may contribute to chronic inflammation. Although gnotobiotic studies have demonstrated the effects of microbiota on mucosal and systemic immunity, as well as intestinal barrier architecture and innate immune characteristics, its impact on barrier function remains unclear. We compared germ-free and conventional mice, as well as mice colonized with human fecal microbiota that were followed for 21 days post-colonization. Colonic barrier structure was investigated by immunohistochemistry, molecular and electron microscopy techniques. Permeability was assessed in colon tissue by Ussing chambers, and by serum LPS and MDP detection using TLR4- and NOD2-NFκB reporter assays. Microbiota profile was determined by Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Low dose dextran sodium sulfate was administered to assess microbiota-induced barrier changes on resistance to colonic injury. Permeability to paracellular probes and mucus layer structure resembled that of conventional mice by day 7 post-colonization, coinciding with reduced claudin-1 expression and transient IL-18 production by intestinal epithelial cells. These post-colonization adaptations were associated with decreased systemic bacterial antigen exposure and reduced susceptibility to intestinal injury. In conclusion, commensal colonization promotes physiological barrier structural and functional adaptations that contribute to intestinal homeostasis.
Physical ageing of spreading droplets in a viscous ambient phase
Authors: Jose Bibin M. , Nandyala Dhiraj , Cubaud Thomas , Colosqui Carlos E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this work, we study the spontaneous spreading of water droplets immersed in oil and report an unexpectedly slow kinetic regime not described by previous spreading models. We can quantitatively describe the observed regime crossover and spreading rate in the late kinetic regime with an analytical model considering the presence of periodic metastable states induced by nanoscale topographic features (characteristic area ~4 nm2, height ~1 nm) observed via atomic force microscopy. The analytical model proposed in this work reveals that certain combinations of droplet volume and nanoscale topographic parameters can significantly hinder or promote wetting processes such as spreading, wicking, and imbibition.
Guided Slow Continuous Suspension Film Flow for Mass Production of Submicrometer Spherical Particles by Pulsed Laser Melting in Liquid
Authors: Ishikawa Yoshie , Koshizaki Naoto 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPulsed laser melting in liquid (PLML) is a technique to fabricate submicrometer crystalline spherical particles of various materials by laser irradiation of suspended raw particles with random shapes. To fully exploit the unique features of PLML-fabricated particles (crystalline and spherical) in practice, a mass-production PLML technique is required. To this end, the present study develops a new slit nozzle that guides the suspension film flow into a non-droplet continuous stream with a low flow rate. These two incompatible flow properties (continuity and slowness) are difficult to be realized for a liquid jet to free space. The suspension film flow was irradiated with a typical laboratory scale-flash lamp pumping laser at 30 Hz pulse frequency. Only a single flow passage of the slit nozzle with a few laser pulse irradiation transformed 95% of the raw particles into spherical particles. This spheroidizing ratio exceeded those of low-rate drip flow and high-rate cylindrical laminar flow directly jetted into free space through a Pasteur pipette nozzle. Extrapolating the data obtained from a 20-ml suspension, the average production rate was determined as 195 mg h−1. The high spheroidizing ratio and yield through the slit nozzle is attributable to the uniquely slow but continuous liquid film flow. The structure of the slit nozzle also prevents particles from adhering to the slit wall during continuous laser irradiation. Thus, the suspension film flow through the newly developed slit nozzle can potentially scale up the PLML technique to mass production.
Coordination between binocular field and spontaneous self-motion specifies the efficiency of planarians’ photo-response orientation behavior
Authors: Akiyama Yoshitaro , Agata Kiyokazu , Inoue Takeshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEyes show remarkable diversity in morphology among creatures. However, little is known about how morphological traits of eyes affect behaviors. Here, we investigate the mechanisms responsible for the establishment of efficient photo-response orientation behavior using the planarian Dugesia japonica as a model. Our behavioral assays reveal the functional angle of the visual field and show that the binocular field formed by paired eyes in D. japonica has an impact on the accurate recognition of the direction of a light source. Furthermore, we find that the binocular field in coordination with spontaneous wigwag self-motion of the head specifies the efficiency of photo-responsive evasive behavior in planarians. Our findings suggest that the linkage between the architecture of the sensory organs and spontaneous self-motion is a platform that serves for efficient and adaptive outcomes of planarian and potentially other animal behaviors.
Evolutionarily-conserved MZIP2 is essential for crossover formation in mammalian meiosis
Authors: Zhang Qianting , Shao Jingchen , Fan Heng-Yu , Yu Chao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuring meiosis, formation of crossovers—the physical links that ensure the segregation of homologous chromosomes—requires a group of evolutionarily conserved ZMM proteins. In budding yeast, three ZMM proteins, Zip2, Spo16, and Zip4, form a trimeric complex to bind recombination intermediates and promote crossover formation. Here, we show that MZIP2 is the mammalian ortholog of Zip2. Complete ablation of MZIP2 in mice caused sterility in both males and females, as well as defects in repairing meiotic DNA double-strand breaks. MZIP2 forms discrete foci on chromosomes axes, and is required for the localization of TEX11 (mammalian Zip4 ortholog) and another ZMM protein, MSH4, to form crossover-prone recombination intermediates. As a consequence, formation of crossovers is abolished and formation of synaptonemal complex is incomplete in MZIP2-null meiocytes, resulting in meiosis arrest at a zygotene-like stage. Our results suggest that the processing of early recombination intermediates toward mature crossovers is dependent on MZIP2.