bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The centrality of health behaviours: A network analytic approach
Authors: Nudelman Gabriel , Kalish Yuval , Shiloh Shoshana 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesSince behavioural risk factors are the foremost causes of disability and premature mortality, developing new perspectives for understanding them is of utmost importance. This paper describes an innovative approach that conceptualizes health‐related behaviours as nodes in a weighted network.Design & MethodsUsing self‐reported data from a representative sample (n = 374), a network of 37 health behaviours was analysed, with the aim of identifying ‘central’ nodes, that is, behaviours that are likely to co‐occur with others and potentially influence them.ResultsIn line with conservation of resources theory, the analysis indicated that behaviours related to basic physiological needs (nutrition and sleep) were most central. Behaviour centrality also varied across subpopulations: Periodic medical examinations, eating meals regularly, and sleep hygiene were more central among high‐ compared to low‐socio‐economic status participants; behaviours related to supportive social relationships and sun protection were more central among women compared to men.ConclusionBy emphasizing behavioural connectivity, the approach applied herein has identified core health behaviours with potentially high impact on healthy lifestyle behaviours.
Statement of Contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Many health behaviours are related to each other.

Engagement in one health behaviour can affect engagement in other behaviours.

What does this study add?

Health behaviour can be viewed and analysed as a network.

Sleep and nutrition behaviours are the most central behaviours in the network.

Centrality varies as a function of socio‐economic status and gender.
Retention of signs following a one‐day key word sign training
Authors: Smidt Andy , Markoulli Constantina , Wine Chloe , Chang Elsie , Turnbull Harmony , Huzmeli Aylin , Hines Monique 
Published: December 2018

Accessible summary

We taught teachers sign language to use with children with a disability

We asked teachers if they liked the training and learning signs

We tested their memory of signs after training and 6 and 12 weeks later

We found that teachers can learn signs in a one‐day workshop and remember them later

Teachers forgot some of the signs by 6 weeks later

Teachers want follow‐up sessions to practise the signs to help them remember the signs.

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adults with developmental disability frequently require either aided or unaided alternative and augmentative communication (AAC). Key word sign (KWS) involves using natural gesture and sign language to support the key words in spoken utterances. The purpose of this study was to determine whether communication partners of children and adults with developmental disabilities can learn and retain a basic KWS vocabulary.Materials and MethodsCommunication partners attended a one‐day training workshop where they were taught 100 signs. Measures of sign recognition and production were taken prior to the training, immediately after the training on the day and at 6 and 12 weeks later.ResultsParticipants were able to learn signs during the workshop and demonstrate receptive and expressive knowledge of KWS. However, sign knowledge decreased after 6 and 12 weeks. Participants noted that having to be tested again after several weeks, motivated them to practise and served as a follow‐up.ConclusionThis paper provides evidence that KWS training enables participants to learn and retain signs, but that there is a need for ongoing training and support even for communication partners who use sign regularly.
Tissue factor over-expression in platelets of patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome: induction role of anti-β2-GPI antibodies
Authors: Capozzi A , Manganelli V , Riitano G , Recalchi S , Truglia S , Alessandri C , Longo A , Garofalo T , Misasi R , Valesini G , Conti F , Sorice M 
Published: December 2018

Summary
Anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by arterial and/or venous thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. It is well known that in these patients thrombosis may be the result of a hypercoagulable state related to anti-β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) antibodies. Moreover, platelets may play a role in thrombotic manifestations by binding of anti-β2-GPI antibodies. Platelets express tissue factor (TF), the major initiator of the clotting cascade, after activation. We primarily analyzed whether anti-β2-GPI antibodies may trigger a signal transduction pathway leading to TF expression in human platelets. Platelets from healthy donors were incubated with affinity purified anti-β2-GPI antibodies for different times. Platelet lysates were analyzed for phospho-interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK), phospho-p65 nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and TF by Western blot. IRAK phosphorylation was observed as early as 10 min of anti-β2-GPI treatment, with consequent NF-κB activation, whereas TF expression, detectable at 45 min, was significantly increased after 4 h of anti-β2-GPI treatment. Virtually no activation was observed following treatment with control immunoglobulin IgG. We then analyzed TF expression in platelets from 20 APS patients and 20 healthy donors. We observed a significant increase of TF in APS patients versus control subjects (P &lt; 0·0001). This work demonstrates that anti-β2-GPI antibodies may trigger in vitro a signal transduction pathway in human platelets, which involves IRAK phosphorylation and NF-κB activation, followed by TF expression. Furthermore, ex vivo, platelets of APS patients showed a significantly increased expression of TF. These findings support the view that platelets may play a role in the pathogenesis of APS, with consequent release of different procoagulant mediators, including TF.
Front Cover
Authors: Meester J.A.N. , Verstraeten A. , Alaerts M. , Schepers D. , Van Laer L. , Loeys B.L. 
Published: December 2018

The cover image is based on the Review Overlapping but distinct roles for NOTCH receptors in human cardiovascular disease, by J.A.N. Meester et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.13382.
image
Cold snare polypectomy: Indications, devices, techniques, outcomes and future
Authors: Horiuchi Akira , Ikuse Tamaki , Tanaka Naoki 
Published: December 2018

Colonoscopy has been shown to reduce the risk of colon cancer by enabling the removal of precancerous lesions. Although cold snare and hot snare polypectomy have similar retrieval rates and complete resection rates, rates of delayed bleeding tend to be lower with cold snare polypectomy than with hot snare polypectomy, especially for patients taking antithrombotic agents. However, among cold snares there may be differences in terms of the completeness of polyp excision, as complete removal appears more likely with thin‐wire dedicated cold snares compared to the traditional, thick‐wire cold snares. Cold snare polypectomy may be especially well suited for use in patients taking antithrombotic agents, due to its minimal risk of delayed bleeding. Histological analyses suggest that cold snare polypectomy causes less damage to blood vessels in the submucosal layers, which results in a reduced incidence of hemorrhage compared to hot snare polypectomy. However, cold snare removal of small polyps may result in fragmentation of small specimens during collection and concerns as to whether the resection is complete. An endoscopy biomarker of effective cold snare polypectomy technique is needed to ensure complete removal of non‐pedunculated colorectal polyps ≤10 mm. Future uses of cold snare polypectomy may include piecemeal removal of sessile serrated adenoma/polyp lesions >10 mm. Currently, cold snare polypectomy should be considered a primary method for colorectal polyps of less than 10 mm, especially those in the 4‐ to 10‐mm range.
Artificial intelligence and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: Current status and future perspective
Authors: Mori Yuichi , Kudo Shin‐ei , Mohmed Hussein E. N. , Misawa Masashi , Ogata Noriyuki , Itoh Hayato , Oda Masahiro , Mori Kensaku 
Published: December 2018

With recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is gaining increasing attention. Main research focuses in this field include automated identification of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus and detection of early gastric cancers. By helping endoscopists avoid missing and mischaracterizing neoplastic change in both the esophagus and the stomach, these technologies potentially contribute to solving current limitations of gastroscopy. Currently, optical diagnosis of early‐stage dysplasia related to Barrett's esophagus can be precisely achieved only by endoscopists proficient in advanced endoscopic imaging, and the false‐negative rate for detecting gastric cancer is approximately 10%. Ideally, these novel technologies should work during real‐time gastroscopy to provide on‐site decision support for endoscopists regardless of their skill; however, previous studies of these topics remain ex vivo and experimental in design. Therefore, the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of CAD for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in clinical practice remain unknown, although a considerable number of pilot studies have been conducted by both engineers and medical doctors with excellent results. This review summarizes current publications relating to CAD for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from the perspective of endoscopists and aims to indicate what is required for future research and implementation in clinical practice.
Waist circumference and abdominal volume index are the strongest anthropometric discriminators of metabolic syndrome in Spanish adolescents
Authors: Perona Javier S. , Schmidt Rio‐Valle Jacqueline , Ramírez‐Vélez Robinson , Correa‐Rodríguez María , Fernández‐Aparicio Ángel , González‐Jiménez Emilio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundWaist circumference has been suggested as predictor for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents but it has not been compared with newly proposed anthropometric indexes. This study aimed to disclose the capacity of ten classic and novel anthropometric indexes to discriminate by the presence of MetS in this young population.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional study was performed on 981 adolescents (13.2 ± 1.2 years) randomly recruited from eighteen schools in south‐east Spain. Body fat percentage (BF%), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), body adiposity index for paediatrics (BAIp), conicity index (C‐Index), waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) and body shape index (ABSI) were measured and calculated. Receiver‐operator curves (ROC) were created to determine the discriminatory capacity of these anthropometric parameters for MetS.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 7.0% for boys and 6.1% in girls. Participants with MetS had significantly higher levels of blood pressure and plasma levels of lipids, glucose and insulin. All anthropometric indexes were elevated in MetS individuals compared to the non‐MetS group. AVI and WC showed the highest AUC values (0.83 for boys and 0.86 for girls). In contrast, according to ROC analyses, no anthropometric index was capable of discriminating the components of MetS (hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycaemia and low‐HDL levels), except for abdominal obesity.ConclusionWe suggest the use of WC and AVI, with the cut‐off points presented herein, for the discrimination between adolescents with or without MetS.
A notch critical plane approach of multiaxial fatigue life prediction for metallic notched specimens
Authors: Luo Peng , Yao Weixing , Li Piao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn approach based on the local stress response is proposed to locate the fatigue critical point for metallic blunt notched specimens under multiaxial fatigue loading. According to the stress analysis, both stress gradient and gradient of loading nonproportionality exist at notch root. The plane in the vicinity of the notch that passes through the fatigue critical point and experiences the maximum shear stress amplitude is defined as the critical plane for notch specimens (CPN). Furthermore, the Susmel's fatigue damage parameter is modified to assess fatigue life of notched components by combining CPN and the theory of critical distance (TCD). The multiaxial fatigue test of the thin‐walled round tube specimens made of Ni‐base alloy GH4169 is carried out to verify the above approaches. In addition, test data of two kinds of materials are collected. The results show that the maximum absolute error of the fatigue critical point is 9.6° and the majority of the predicted life falls within the three‐time scatter band.
Estimating the global distribution of field size using crowdsourcing
Authors: Lesiv Myroslava , Laso Bayas Juan Carlos , See Linda , Duerauer Martina , Dahlia Domian , Durando Neal , Hazarika Rubul , Kumar Sahariah Parag , Vakolyuk Mar'yana , Blyshchyk Volodymyr , Bilous Andrii , Perez‐Hoyos Ana , Gengler Sarah , Prestele Reinhard , Bilous Svitlana , Akhtar Ibrar ul Hassan , Singha Kuleswar , Choudhury Sochin Boro , Chetri Tilok , Malek Žiga , Bungnamei Khangsembou , Saikia Anup , Sahariah Dhrubajyoti , Narzary William , Danylo Olha , Sturn Tobias , Karner Mathias , McCallum Ian , Schepaschenko Dmitry , Moltchanova Elena , Fraisl Dilek , Moorthy Inian , Fritz Steffen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is an increasing evidence that smallholder farms contribute substantially to food production globally, yet spatially explicit data on agricultural field sizes are currently lacking. Automated field size delineation using remote sensing or the estimation of average farm size at subnational level using census data are two approaches that have been used. However, both have limitations, for example, automatic field size delineation using remote sensing has not yet been implemented at a global scale while the spatial resolution is very coarse when using census data. This paper demonstrates a unique approach to quantifying and mapping agricultural field size globally using crowdsourcing. A campaign was run in June 2017, where participants were asked to visually interpret very high resolution satellite imagery from Google Maps and Bing using the Geo‐Wiki application. During the campaign, participants collected field size data for 130 K unique locations around the globe. Using this sample, we have produced the most accurate global field size map to date and estimated the percentage of different field sizes, ranging from very small to very large, in agricultural areas at global, continental, and national levels. The results show that smallholder farms occupy up to 40% of agricultural areas globally, which means that, potentially, there are many more smallholder farms in comparison with the two different current global estimates of 12% and 24%. The global field size map and the crowdsourced data set are openly available and can be used for integrated assessment modeling, comparative studies of agricultural dynamics across different contexts, for training and validation of remote sensing field size delineation, and potential contributions to the Sustainable Development Goal of Ending hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.
Filamentous fungi in wrapped forages determined with different sampling and culturing methods
Authors: Schenck Jessica , Djurle Annika , Funck Jensen Dan , Müller Cecilia , O'Brien Martin , Spörndly Rolf 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe use of wrapped forage bales with high dry‐matter (DM) content implies risk of fungal growth inside the wrapping, and impaired feed quality. Since fungi may be unevenly distributed in bales, the method of sampling can influence the outcome of the analysis. Three common sampling methods for detection of fungi in wrapped forage were compared: direct plating of visible mouldy patches on bale surfaces (Method I), direct plating of pieces of foliage from drilled core samples (Method II) and quantitative analysis dilution series of drilled core samples (Method III). All samples were cultured on two media at two temperatures. Samples were collected from 124 farms in Sweden and Norway. Using Methods I, II and III, fungi were detected on 52%, 77% and 56% of the farms respectively. Fifty‐two fungal species were identified using a combination of culturing and molecular methods. The most predominant species were Arthrinium spp., found on 55% of the farms, followed by Penicillium roqueforti at 48% of the farms. Incubation at 25°C resulted in higher numbers of all genera, except Aspergillus, compared to incubation at 37°C. The different methods of sampling and culturing did not identify the same fungal species within the same bale. Analysing one bale per farm resulted in detection of less than half the number of species compared to analysing three bales. Of the sampling and culturing methods compared, direct plating of drilled core samples cultivated at malt extract agar at 25°C performed best in terms of qualitative analysis of fungi species.
Performance of oat (Avena sativa L.) sown in late summer for autumn forage production in Central Europe
Authors: Andrzejewska Jadwiga , Contreras‐Govea Francisco E. , Pastuszka Anna , Kotwica Karol , Albrecht Kenneth A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSpring‐sown oat (Avena sativa L.) is well adapted for forage production in Central Europe; however, environmental conditions make this crop susceptible to crown rust disease (Puccinia coronata) when grown in summer. The objective of this study was to assess oat cultivars sown in late summer, when conditions for crown rust are less favourable, and harvest in autumn for forage with potential use for feeding lactating dairy cows. Three oat cultivars: Berdysz, Zuch and ForagePlus, the first two from Poland and the latter from United States, were sown 1 and 15 August, and 1 September, over three consecutive years, and harvested for forage in late October. The two Polish cultivars had 61% leaf area affected by rust with 1 August sowing, but ForagePlus was not affected by rust with any sowing date. Sowing 15 August significantly reduced crown rust incidence and increased DM yield of the Polish cultivars 21% relative to the 1 August sowing date, but decreased ForagePlus DM yield by 35%. Sowing 1 September resulted in best forage nutritive value, but the lowest DM yields for all cultivars. Calculated milk production per ton of forage for all cultivars was lowest with the 1 August sowing date. Calculated milk production per hectare was greatest for Berdysz sown in mid‐August. Oat can be sown 15 August and harvested in autumn for forage production, avoiding crown rust disease during summer in Poland. Nutritive value of autumn oat forage is adequate to meet forage requirements of lactating dairy cows.
Can – and Should – Lawyers be Considered ‘Appropriate’ Appropriate Adults?
Authors: DEHAGHANI ROXANNA , NEWMAN DANIEL 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article furthers the debate on vulnerable suspects by bringing together research on appropriate adults and criminal defence lawyers. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) forbids all lawyers from acting as appropriate adults. The courts, in very limited case law, have taken a different approach, leaving a space in which lawyers might be considered suitable to fill the gap left by an appropriate adult's absence. This account is supported by exploring the views of custody officers on the appropriate adult and its use, drawing upon empirical data. Fieldwork with defence lawyers is then explored to highlight how lawyers might have some of the suitable characteristics of the appropriate adult but could not realistically perform such duties in practice (or conceptually). This article illustrates that lawyers are ill‐equipped to deal with a client's vulnerability and therefore argues that they should never be viewed as an ‘appropriate adult replacement’.
Effect of ripening with Penicillium roqueforti on texture, microstructure, water distribution and volatiles of chicken breast meat
Authors: Guo Liping , Yu Bing , Wang Shuling , Zhu Yinglian , Li Peng , Wang Baowei , Huang Ming , Sun Jingxin 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn this study, the influence of ripening with Penicillium roqueforti on texture, microstructure, protein structure, water mobility and volatile flavour compounds of chicken breast meat was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed that the granule formed and chicken myofibril fractured after ripening. Reduction in α‐helix and increases in β‐sheet structure content accompanied by decrease in hardness and springiness and increase in gumminess were found in ripened chicken breast meat. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) revealed that increasing intra‐myofibrillar water and decreasing extra‐myofibrillar water resulted in the higher water‐holding capacity after ripening with P. roqueforti. In addition, chicken breast meat ripened with P. roqueforti contained more volatile flavour compounds, in particular aldehydes.
Health‐promoting effects of dietary polysaccharide extracted from Dendrobium aphyllum on mice colon, including microbiota and immune modulation
Authors: Liu Huifan , Wu Hui , Wang Qin 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe health‐promoting effects of a polysaccharide (DAP) purified from Dendrobium aphyllum, on mice colon were investigated. The results indicated that consumption of DAP facilitated the differentiation degree of CD4+ T cells to Th1, Th17 and Treg cells; and depressed the differentiation degree to Th2 cells, since DAP up‐regulated IL‐6 expression (from 1.08 ± 0.24 to 3.40 ± 0.36). Besides, oral administration of DAP reduced the gastrointestinal transit time from 255 ± 1.21 to 164 ± 0.46 min, decreased the pH from 6.70 ± 0.27 to 5.54 ± 0.31, improved faecal water‐binding capability from 59.4% ± 0.35 to 63.5% ± 0.22. Additionally, the increase in four health‐promoting short chain fatty acids were observed, which might result from the enrichment of the relative abundance of health‐promoting microbiota genera, including Porphyromonadaceae and Ruminococcaceae. The DAP‐induced up‐regulation of the genus Erysipelotrichaceae might be related to the homeostasis in both Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17.
Effects of quinoa and amaranth on zinc, magnesium and calcium content in beer wort
Authors: Kordialik‐Bogacka Edyta , Bogdan Paulina , Ciosek Aneta 
Published: December 2018

SummaryPseudocereals such as quinoa and amaranth can be used as partial replacements for malt in the production of new beers. Quinoa and amaranth are of interest due to their high levels of nutrients and micronutrients, including minerals which can significantly improve the performance of brewing yeast and the fermentation rate. In this study, we investigated whether the use of quinoa or amaranth as partial replacements for malt affected the concentration of ions such as zinc and magnesium in beer wort. The use of amaranth, and in particular quinoa, increased the content of both zinc and magnesium ions substantially, even when only 10% of the barley malt was replaced. With 10% quinoa, Zn2+ and Mg2+ content increased by 41% and 49%, respectively, while the ratio of Mg2+ to Ca2+ rose from 1.4:1 to 1.9:1. Use of unmalted quinoa and amaranth appears a good way of enriching wort with essential metal ions.