bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access to water and sanitation among people with disabilities: results from cross-sectional surveys in Bangladesh, Cameroon, India and Malawi
Authors: Mactaggart Islay , Schmidt Wolf-Peter , Bostoen Kristof , Chunga Joseph , Danquah Lisa , Halder Amal Krishna , Parveen Jolly Saira , Polack Sarah , Rahman Mahfuzar , Snel Marielle , Kuper Hannah , Biran Adam 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo assess access to adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) among people with disabilities at the household and individual level.DesignCross-sectional surveys.SettingData were included from five district-level or regional-level surveys: two in Bangladesh (Bangladesh-1, Bangladesh-2), and one each in Cameroon, Malawi and India.Participants99 252 participants were sampled across the datasets (range: 3567–75 767), including 2494 with disabilities (93–1374).OutcomePrevalence of access to WASH at household and individual level.Data analysisAge/sex disaggregated disability prevalence estimates were calculated accounting for survey design. The Unicef/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme definitions were used to classify facilities as improved/unimproved. Multivariable logistic regression was undertaken to compare between households with/without a person with a disability, and to identify predictors of access among people with disabilities.ResultsThere were no differences in access to improved sanitation or water sources between households with/without members with disabilities across the datasets. In Bangladesh-2, households including a person with a disability were more likely to share facilities with other households (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.5). Households with people with disabilities were more likely to spend >30 min (round-trip) collecting drinking water than households without in both Cameroon (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.4) and India (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.7). Within households, people with disabilities reported difficulties collecting water themselves (23%–80% unable to) and accessing the same sanitation facilities as other household members, particularly without coming into contact with faeces (up to 47% in Bangladesh-2). These difficulties were most marked for people with more severe impairments.ConclusionsPeople with disabilities may not have poorer access to WASH at the household level, but may have poorer quality of access within their households. Further programmatic work is needed to ensure WASH facilities are inclusive of people with disabilities.
Improving the evaluation of worldwide biomedical research output: classification method and standardised bibliometric indicators by disease
Authors: van de Laar Lissy , de Kruif Thijs , Waltman Ludo , Meijer Ingeborg , Gupta Anshu , Hagenaars Niels 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveSince most biomedical research focuses on a specific disease, evaluation of research output requires disease-specific bibliometric indicators. Currently used methods are insufficient. The aim of this study is to develop a method that enables detailed analysis of worldwide biomedical research output by disease.DesignWe applied text mining techniques and analysis of author keywords to link publications to disease groups. Fractional counting was used to quantify disease-specific biomedical research output of an institution or country. We calculated global market shares of research output as a relative measure of publication volume. We defined ‘top publications’ as the top 10% most cited publications per disease group worldwide. We used the percentage of publications from an institution or country that were top publications as an indicator of research quality.ResultsWe were able to classify 54% of all 6.5 million biomedical publications in our database (based on Web of Science) to a disease group. We could classify 78% of these publications to a specific institution. We show that between 2000 and 2012,‘other infectious diseases’ were the largest disease group with 337 485 publications. Lifestyle diseases, cancers and mental disorders have grown most in research output. The USA was responsible for the largest number of top 10% most cited publications per disease group, with a global share of 45%. Iran (+3500%) and China (+700%) have grown most in research volume.ConclusionsThe proposed method provides a tool to assess biomedical research output in new ways. It can be used for evaluation of historical research performance, to support decision-making in management of research portfolios, and to allocate research funding. Furthermore, using this method to link disease-specific research output to burden of disease can contribute to a better understanding of the societal impact of biomedical research.
Effect of a multispecies probiotic on reducing the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Łukasik Jan , Szajewska Hania 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionCertain individual probiotic strains have been proven to be effective in reducing the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD). However, the effects of using multispecies probiotics (MPs) remain unclear. We aim to assess the effectiveness of a specific MP preparation (Winclove 612) in reducing the incidence of AAD in children.Methods and analysisA total of 350 children aged 6 months to 18 years, undergoing antibiotic treatment, will be randomly allocated to receive either a MP consisting of two strains ofBifidobacterium(B. bifidumW23 andB. lactisW51) and six strains ofLactobacillus(L. acidophilusW37,L. acidophilusW55,L. paracaseiW20,L. plantarumW62,L. rhamnosusW71 andL. salivariusW24) at a total dose of 1010colony-forming units daily, or a placebo, from the first day of antibiotic treatment until 7 days after antibiotic cessation, up to a maximum of 17 days. The primary outcome will be the incidence of AAD, defined as ≥3 loose or watery stools (a score of A on the Amsterdam Infant Stool Scale or a score of 5–7 on the Bristol Stool Form scale) in 24 hours, caused either byClostridium difficileor of otherwise unexplained aetiology, occurring during the intervention period. The secondary outcomes will include the incidence of AAD according to alternative definitions; the incidence of any kind of diarrhoea; the duration of diarrhoea; the need for hospitalisation; intravenous rehydration or discontinuation of antibiotic treatment due to diarrhoea; adverse events; and the intestinal microbiota composition.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol is approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Warsaw. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and submitted to relevant conferences.Date and protocol version identifier14/10/2017.Trial registration numberNCT03334604; Pre-results.
How critical cost analysis can save money in today’s NHS: a review of carpal tunnel surgery in a district general hospital
Authors: Williamson Mark , Sehjal Ranjit , Jones Mark , James Chris , Smith Andrew 
Published: June 2018

With today’s National Health Service (NHS) facing huge financial pressures the healthcare profession cannot afford to carry on spending at the current rate. Individual clinicians should be encouraged to critically appraise their own practices to bring about a more efficient and cost-effective service.The purpose of this project was to analyse the way that carpal tunnel surgery was being performed within our institution and bring about safe changes to practice that reduce expenditure.By critiquing our practices and applying simple changes based around sound evidence an annual saving of over £15 500 to the department was made. The changes instigated are simple, sustainable and safe to implement while providing improved patient satisfaction. They are also easily transferrable across institutions and to other minor hand surgical procedures to afford even greater ongoing savings to the NHS.
THE IMPACTS OF BIASED RESOURCE ALLOCATION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
Authors: LI SUNG-KO , TSANG CHUN-KEI 
Published: June 2018

Many developing countries are receiving official development assistance (ODA). Whether ODA is beneficial or harmful to the receiving country is controversial in the literature. This paper analyzes this issue from a new angle by adopting the framework of competitiveness which allows us to link resource allocation with economic growth. Under this framework, we point out that the mechanism of resource allocation influences the effectiveness of ODA on economic growth. By applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to competitiveness, we capture the effects of inefficient and biased allocation of resources on ODA. The data confirm the co-existence of positive and negative impacts of ODA. Finally, we conclude that current ODA is not efficient in helping most of the receiving countries.
Preparation of QDs@SiO2/Polystyrene Composite Particles for Cancer Cells Detection
Authors: Han Xiao , Wang Yilong , Shi Donglu 
Published: June 2018

We report a sandwich immunoassay strategy for specific isolation and detection of cancer cells. Prostate cancer LNCaP cells overexpressing PSMA (Prostate-specific membrane antigen) were used as the model target to evaluate the performance of immunoassay. Inorganic/polymer nanocomposites with Janus-like structure and enhanced fluorescence properties were synthesized and applied for immobilization of QDs and the antibodies. PSMA antibodies were covalently conjugated to the QDs@SiO2/PS Janus-like composite nanoparticles to construct the fluorescent probes. Magnetic probes conjugated with polyclonal antibodies were used to capture and isolate the cancer cells. Results indicated high potential of the unique nanoprobes in specific isolation and detection of cancer cells.
Glucuronide-Linked Antibody–Tubulysin Conjugates Display Activity in MDR+ and Heterogeneous Tumor Models
Authors: Burke Patrick J. , Hamilton Joseph Z. , Pires Thomas A. , Lai Holden W.H. , Leiske Christopher I. , Emmerton Kim K. , Waight Andrew B. , Senter Peter D. , Lyon Robert P. , Jeffrey Scott C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) find increasing applications in cancer treatment, de novo or treatment-emergent resistance mechanisms may impair clinical benefit. Two resistance mechanisms that emerge under prolonged exposure include upregulation of transporter proteins that confer multidrug resistance (MDR+) and loss of cognate antigen expression. New technologies that circumvent these resistance mechanisms may serve to extend the utility of next-generation ADCs. Recently, we developed the quaternary ammonium linker system to expand the scope of conjugatable payloads to include tertiary amines and applied the linker to tubulysins, a highly potent class of tubulin binders that maintain activity in MDR+ cell lines. In this work, tubulysin M, which contains an unstable acetate susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis, and two stabilized tubulysin analogues were prepared as quaternary ammonium-linked glucuronide-linkers and assessed as ADC payloads in preclinical models. The conjugates were potent across a panel of cancer cell lines and active in tumor xenografts, including those displaying the MDR+ phenotype. The ADCs also demonstrated potent bystander activity in a coculture model comprised of a mixture of antigen-positive and -negative cell lines, and in an antigen-heterogeneous tumor model. Thus, the glucuronide–tubulysin drug-linkers represent a promising ADC payload class, combining conjugate potency in the presence of the MDR+ phenotype and robust activity in models of tumor heterogeneity in a structure-dependent manner. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1752–60. ©2018 AACR.
The Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment Promotes Invadopodia Formation and Metastasis through LPA1 Receptor and EGFR Cooperation
Authors: Harper Kelly , R. Lavoie Roxane , Charbonneau Martine , Brochu-Gaudreau Karine , Dubois Claire M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumors, has been critically involved in cell invasion and metastasis, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Previously, it has been observed that the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 (LPA4) signaling axis mediates production of the degradative subcellular structures invadopodia, which are known to be required for metastasis. Here, it is demonstrated that LPA1 (LPAR1) is a common and major receptor used for hypoxia-induced invadopodia production in various cancer cell lines. The widespread use of LPA1 was not due to increased LPA1 expression but rather relied on Src-mediated cross-talk with EGFR. LPA1-mediated phosphorylation of Y845-EGFR under hypoxia led to PI3K/Akt activation, an event that increases the ability of cells to produce invadopodia. Moreover, phospho-Y845-EGFR was upregulated in hypoxic zones of tumors and a combination of EGFR and LPA1 inhibition synergistically suppressed metastasis in vivo.
Implications: This study uncovers an LPA1–EGFR signaling axis that is used for cell invasion in hypoxia and suggests a potential target to impede cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer Res; 16(10); 1601–13. ©2018 AACR.
Personality assortative female mating preferences in a songbird
Authors: Pogány Ákos , Vincze Ernő , Szurovecz Zita , Kosztolányi András , Barta Zoltán , Székely Tamás , Riebel Katharina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractConsistent individual behavioural differences (‘animal personalities’) are documented across a variety of animal taxa. Sexual selection, especially assortative mating has been suggested as a possible mechanism contributing to the maintenance of different personality types within populations but little is known about non-random pair-formation with respect to personality traits in unconstrained choice tests. We here tested whether female mating preferences were non-random with respect to male and female neophobia in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), an important avian model of mate choice and animal personality research. Male and female neophobia was assessed by attaching novel objects to birds’ feeders. Females’ mating preferences were tested with randomly assigned, unfamiliar males in a four-way choice apparatus. Females associated most with males with neophobia scores similar to their own. These results provide evidence that mating preferences and personality traits can covary, supporting evolutionary scenarios of assortative mating contributing to the maintenance of personality traits.
Racism and the Logic of Capital: A Fanonian Reconsideration
Authors: Hudis Peter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe last several decades have produced a slew of important studies by Marxists of the logic of capital, as well as numerous explorations by postcolonial theorists of the narratives that structure racial and ethnic discrimination. Far too often, however, these two currents have assumed different or even opposed trajectories, making it all the harder to transcend one-sided class-reductionist analyses and equally one-sided affirmations of identity that bypass or ignore class. In light of the new reality produced by the deepening crisis of neoliberalism and the looming disintegration of the political order that has defined global capitalism since the end of the Cold War, the time has come to revisit theoretical approaches that can help delineate the integrality of race, class and capitalism.
Four Missing Years
Authors: Thomas Martin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThomas Twiss has written a careful, well-documented study of the evolution of Trotsky’s ideas on theUSSRbureaucracy until 1936. He also traces Trotsky’s assessments of the causes and meaning of the Moscow Trials and the Terror in 1936–8; but essentially the detailed study stops in 1936. In fact, Trotsky’s thinking continued to develop in response to new developments after 1936. The puzzle which Trotsky grappled with – the ‘workers’ state’ which is simultaneously the instrument of fascistic terror against the workers by ‘the sole privileged and commanding stratum’ – was connected to puzzles in the more general Marxist theory of the state, which Twiss explores usefully in his opening chapter.
Is the Coefficient of Eddy Potential Vorticity Diffusion Positive? Part I: Barotropic Zonal Channel
Authors: Ivchenko V. O. , Zalesny V. B. , Sinha B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe question of whether the coefficient of diffusivity of potential vorticity by mesoscale eddies is positive is studied for a zonally reentrant barotropic channel using the quasigeostrophic approach. The topography is limited to the first mode in the meridional direction but is unlimited in the zonal direction. We derive an analytic solution for the stationary (time independent) solution. New terms associated with parameterized eddy fluxes of potential vorticity appear both in the equations for the mean zonal momentum balance and in the kinetic energy balance. These terms are linked with the topographic form stress exerted by parameterized eddies. It is demonstrated that in regimes with zonal flow (analogous to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current), the coefficient of eddy potential vorticity diffusivity must be positive.
Composite Impact of Global Hawk Unmanned Aircraft Dropwindsondes on Tropical Cyclone Analyses and Forecasts
Authors: Christophersen Hui , Aksoy Altug , Dunion Jason , Aberson Sim 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The impacts of Global Hawk (GH) dropwindsondes on tropical cyclone (TC) analyses and forecasts are examined over a composite sample of missions flown during the NASA Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) and the NOAA Sensing Hazards with Operational Unmanned Technology (SHOUT) field campaigns. An ensemble Kalman filter is employed to assimilate the dropwindsonde observations at the vortex scale. With the assimilation of GH dropwindsondes, TCs generally exhibit fewer position and intensity errors, a better wind–pressure relationship, and improved representation of integrated kinetic energy in the analyses. The resulting track and intensity forecasts with all the cases generally show a positive impact when GH dropwindsondes are assimilated. The impact of GH dropwindsondes is further explored with cases stratified by intensity change and presence of crewed aircraft data. GH dropwindsondes demonstrate a larger impact for nonsteady-state TCs [non-SS; 24-h intensity change larger than 20 kt (~10 m s−1)] than for steady-state (SS) TCs. The relative skill from assimilating GH dropwindsondes ranges between 25% and 35% for either the position or intensity improvement in the final analyses overall, but only ~5%–10% for SS cases alone. The resulting forecasts for non-SS cases show higher skill for both track and intensity than SS cases. In addition, the GH dropwindsonde impact on TC forecasts varies in the presence of crewed aircraft data. An increased intensity improvement at long lead times is seen when crewed aircraft data are absent. This demonstrates the importance of strategically designing flight patterns to exploit the sampling strengths of the GH and crewed aircraft in order to maximize data impacts on TC prediction.
A systematic review of paediatric deep venous thrombolysis
Authors: Taha Mohamed AH , Busuttil Andrew , Bootun Roshan , Davies Alun H 
Published: June 2018

Objectives The aim was to assess the effectiveness and safety of catheter-directed thrombolysis in children with deep venous thrombosis and to evaluate its long-term effect. Method and results EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane databases were searched to identify studies in which paediatric acute deep venous thrombosis patients received thrombolysis. Following title and abstract screening, seven cohort studies with a total of 183 patients were identified. Technical success was 82% and superior in regional rather than systemic thrombolysis (p < 0.00001). One cohort study identified significant difference in thrombus resolution at one year between thrombolytic and anticoagulant groups (p = 0.01). The complication rate was low, with incidence rates of major bleeding, pulmonary embolism and others at 2.8%, 1.8% and 8.4%, respectively. The overall post-thrombotic syndrome rate was 12.7%. The incidence of re-thrombosis ranged from 12.3% to 27%. Conclusion Thrombolysis for paediatric deep venous thrombosis is an effective and relatively safe therapeutic option, lowering the incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome and deep venous thrombosis recurrence.
Enabling meaningful activities and quality of life in long-term care facilities: The stepwise development of a participatory client-centred approach in Flanders
Authors: De Vriendt Patricia , Cornelis Elise , Vanbosseghem Ruben , Desmet Valerie , Van de Velde Dominique 
Published: June 2018

Introduction Meaningful activities of daily living promote the quality of life of residents of long-term care facilities. This project aimed to develop an approach to enable meaningful activities of daily living and to guide long-term care facilities in a creative and innovative attitude towards residents' meaningful activities of daily living. Method The approach was developed in six steps: (1) in-depth-interviews with 14 residents; (2) a survey with 171 residents; (3) a systematic map and synthesis review on interventions enriching meaningful activities of daily living; (4) qualitative analysis of 24 ‘good examples’ and, to support future implementation, (5) focus groups with staff ( n = 69). Results determined the components of the new approach which was (6) pilot-tested in one long-term care facility. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered concerning benefits for the residents and feasibility for the staff. Results A client- and activity-oriented approach was developed, characterised by an active participatory attitude of residents and staff and a systematic iterative process. Significant positive effects were found for the number of activities, the satisfaction with the leisure offered, the social network, medication use, but not for quality of life. The approach appeared to be feasible. Conclusion This approach stimulates residents' meaningful activities of daily living and social life. Further investigation is needed to evaluate its outcome and implementation potentials.
Isolated painful trigeminal neuropathy as an unusual presentation of chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids: A case report
Authors: Bobba Samantha , Narasimhan Manisha , Zagami Alessandro S 
Published: June 2018

Background Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is an inflammatory central nervous system disorder, typically presenting with subacute symptoms referable to brainstem and cerebellar pathology. This is the first report of CLIPPERS presenting with a painful trigeminal neuropathy. Case report We report an unusual case of CLIPPERS presenting with facial pain and sensory symptoms, in the absence of other brainstem or cerebellar signs. Perivascular enhancement of peri-pontine structures on neuroimaging, lymphocytic infiltrate on histopathology and rapid clinical and radiological responsiveness to glucocorticosteroids were key to diagnosis. Extensive investigations excluded various differential aetiologies. Conclusion The pathogenesis of CLIPPERS is poorly understood, and the diagnostic criteria are yet to be validated. In this case, facial pain was not associated with other brainstem or cerebellar signs, broadening current understanding of how CLIPPERS may present. This has clinical implications in guiding future investigations for patients presenting with painful trigeminal neuropathy.