bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Xylocaine spray for analgesia during amniocentesis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Homkrun Panupun , Tongsong Theera , Srisupundit Kasemsri 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effect of Xylocaine spray on pain score during amniocentesisMethodsSingleton pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis were recruited. Each participant was randomly assigned into three groups. Group 1 (Xylocaine spray): 1 min before the procedure, 8 puffs (80 mg) of 10% Lidocaine spray were sprayed on abdominal wall: group 2 (placebo): 8 puffs of sterile normal saline were sprayed: and group 3 (control): no spray was used. The participants rated their pain through a 10‐cm visual analog scale before, during, and 30 min after amniocentesis. Main outcome of study was difference in pain score among three groups.ResultsA total 570 pregnant women participated; 191 in the Xylocaine group, 193 in placebo group, and 186 in control group. Baseline pain was not different. The median procedural pain score was significantly different (2.3, 3.3, and 2.8 respectively; p 0.001). Post‐hoc analysis showed that the procedural pain score in Xylocaine group was significantly lower than placebo or control group (p value <0.001 and 0.02, respectively). However, the pain score 30 min after procedure was not different.ConclusionXylocaine spray can significantly decrease pain during amniocentesis, however, the clinical significance is unclear given that the procedure‐related discomfort is mild and short‐lived.
A 2‐year review of publicly funded cell‐free DNA screening in Ontario: utilization and adherence to funding criteria
Authors: Bellai‐Dussault Kara , Meng Lynn , Huang Tianhua , Reszel Jessica , Walker Mark , Lanes Andrea , Okun Nan , Armour Christine , Dougan Shelley 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveOntario offers a publicly funded modified contingent model of prenatal screening for aneuploidy in which cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening is covered for pregnancies at higher risk of fetal aneuploidy. The objective of this study was to review utilization of provincially funded cfDNA screening and adherence to the criteria laid out in Ontario prenatal screening guidelines.MethodsThis was a descriptive cohort study using data collected by Ontario's prescribed maternal and child registry. The study population included all pregnant individuals who received cfDNA screening from January 2016 to December 2017.ResultsThe most common criteria for provincially funded cfDNA screening were advanced maternal age ≥40 years (37.7%), positive multiple marker screen (34.1%), modifying risk factors such as ultrasound soft markers (7.1%), and previous aneuploidy (5.5%). The audit demonstrated that 2.9% of funded cfDNA screens tests did not meet funding criteria, and that 11.4% of self‐paid cfDNA screens could have been publicly funded.ConclusionReviewing and auditing the application of criteria for funded cfDNA screening using prescribed registry data allows an opportunity to identify areas where targeted education may improve adherence to standardized screening protocols, and provides a basis for reassessment of the funding model.
Influence of the viscosity of poly(methyl methacrylate) on the cellular structure of nanocellular materials
Authors: León Judith Martín‐de , Bernardo Victoria , Laguna‐Gutiérrez Ester , Rodríguez‐Pérez Miguel Ángel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThree different grades of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with different rheological properties are used for the production of nanocellular materials using gas dissolution foaming. The influences of both the viscosity of the different polymers and the processing parameters on the final cellular structure are studied using a wide range of saturation and foaming conditions. Foaming conditions affect similarly all cellular materials. It is found that an increase of the foaming temperature results in less dense nanocellular materials, with higher cell nucleation densities. In addition, it is demonstrated that a lower viscosity leads to cellular polymers with a lower relative density but larger cell sizes and smaller cell nucleation densities, these differences being more noticeable for the conditions in which low solubilities are reached. It is possible to produce nanocellular materials with relative densities of 0.24 combined with cell sizes of 75 nm and cell nucleation densities of 1015nuclei cm−3using the PMMA with the lowest viscosity. In contrast, minimum cell sizes of around 14 nm and maximum cell nucleation densities of 3.5 × 1016nuclei cm−3with relative densities of 0.4 are obtained with the most viscous one. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The Emerging Role of Cytoskeletal Proteins as Reliable Biomarkers
Authors: Klingler‐Hoffmann Manuela , Mittal Parul , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCytoskeletal proteins are essential building blocks of cells. More than 100 cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton‐associated proteins are known and for some, their function and regulation are understood in great detail. Apart from cell shape and support, they facilitate many processes such as intracellular signaling and transport, and cancer related processes such as proliferation, migration, and invasion. During the last decade, comparative proteomic studies have identified cytoskeletal proteins as in vitro markers for tumor progression and metastasis. Here, these results are summarized and a number of unrelated studies are highlighted, identifying the same cytoskeletal proteins as potential biomarkers. These findings might indicate that the abundance of these potential markers of tumor progression is associated with the biological outcome and are independent of the cancer origin. This correlates well with recently published results from the Cancer Genome Atlas, indicating that cancers show remarkable similarities in their analyzed molecular information, independent of their organ of origin. It is postulated that the quantification of cytoskeletal proteins in healthy tissues, tumors, in adjacent tissues, and in stroma, is a great source of molecular information, which might not only be used to classify tumors, but more importantly to predict patients’ outcome or even best treatment choices.
Rock glaciers of the Beartooth and northern Absaroka ranges, Montana, USA
Authors: Seligman Zachary M. , Klene Anna E. , Nelson Frederick E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSix hundred sixty‐one rock glaciers in the northern Absaroka and Beartooth Ranges of south‐central Montana were digitized and evaluated using geographic information systems technology and an array of topographic and environmental parameters. Beartooth rock glaciers are larger, occur at higher elevations, receive more precipitation, and are subject to lower temperatures than northern Absaroka rock glaciers. Elevation is strongly correlated with rock glacier activity. Comparative analysis of these adjacent mountain ranges indicates that Beartooth geomorphic landscapes are shifting from predominantly glacial to periglacial regimes, and that the northern Absarokas have largely completed this transition. Because glaciers are declining in response to climate warming, rock glaciers could soon become the most important source of ice in the region.
Effective targeting of RNA polymerase I in treatment‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Low Jin‐Yih , Sirajuddin Paul , Moubarek Michael , Agarwal Shreya , Rege Apurv , Guner Gunes , Liu Hester , Yang Zhiming , De Marzo Angelo M. , Bieberich Charles , Laiho Marikki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced prostate cancers depend on protein synthesis for continued survival and accelerated rates of metabolism for growth. RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is the enzyme responsible for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription and a rate‐limiting step for ribosome biogenesis. We have shown using a specific and sensitive RNA probe for the 45S rRNA precursor that rRNA synthesis is increased in prostate adenocarcinoma compared to nonmalignant epithelium. We have introduced a first‐in‐class Pol I inhibitor, BMH‐21, that targets cancer cells of multiple origins, and holds potential for clinical translation.MethodsThe effect of BMH‐21 was tested in prostate cancer cell lines and in prostate cancer xenograft and mouse genetic models.ResultsWe show that BMH‐21 inhibits Pol I transcription in metastatic, castration‐resistant, and enzalutamide treatment‐resistant prostate cancer cell lines. The genetic abrogation of Pol I effectively blocks the growth of prostate cancer cells. Silencing of p53, a pathway activated downstream of Pol I, does not diminish this effect. We find that BMH‐21 significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced the Ki67 proliferation index in an enzalutamide‐resistant xenograft tumor model. A decrease in 45S rRNA synthesis demonstrated on‐target activity. Furthermore, the Pol I inhibitor significantly inhibited tumor growth and pathology in an aggressive genetically modified Hoxb13‐MYC|Hoxb13‐Cre|Ptenfl/fl (BMPC) mouse prostate cancer model.ConclusionTaken together, BMH‐21 is a novel promising molecule for the treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer.
The wetting behavior of three different types of aqueous surfactant solutions on housefly (Musca domestica) surfaces
Authors: Wan Qiang , Zhao Jiayi , Li Hao , Li Huan , Wang Chuanwen , Pan Baoliang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is difficult for insecticide spray droplets to adhere to highly hydrophobic pest surfaces, and this is an important reason behind the low utilization of pesticides. Greater understanding of the wetting behaviors of agro‐surfactants on pest surfaces is of great importance in pesticidal applications.RESULTSThis research investigated the wetting processes of three surfactant solutions [TritonX‐100 (TX‐100), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB)] on housefly surfaces based on surface tension, contact angles and solid–liquid interaction. As the surfactant concentration increased, the wetting abilities of the solutions improved due a decrease in liquid surface tension. The decrease in contact angles followed an inverted ‘S’ shape until the concentration exceeded the critical micelle concentration, at which point surfactant adsorption was saturated at the interfaces. The nonionic surfactant TX‐100 enhanced wettability more than the ionic surfactants SDS and DTAB. The wetting states of the three surfactant solutions on housefly surfaces transformed to the Wenzel state when the surfactant molecules adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces (ΓSL) were 3.09–5.36 times higher than those adsorbed at liquid–air interfaces (ΓLV). More insecticides attached to housefly surfaces and pesticide utilization was significantly improved after adding TX‐100 to the pesticide solution.CONCLUSIONSurfactant TX‐100 could be a practical and efficient candidate adjuvant for insecticide spraying of houseflies. This research investigated the wetting mechanism of three different types of surfactant solutions on housefly surfaces, and could provide effective guidance for the preparation of insecticide formulations and pesticide adjuvants with better wettability to improve pesticide utilization. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Sugar, gravel, fish and flowers: Mesoscale cloud patterns in the trade winds
Authors: Stevens Bjorn , Bony Sandrine , Brogniez Hélène , Hentgen Laureline , Hohenegger Cathy , Kiemle Christoph , L'Ecuyer Tristan S. , Naumann Ann Kristin , Schulz Hauke , Siebesma Pier A. , Vial Jessica , Winker Dave M. , Zuidema Paquita 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn activity designed to characterise patterns of mesoscale (20 to 2,000 km) organisation of shallow clouds in the downstream trades is described. Patterns of mesoscale organisation observed from space were subjectively defined and learned by 12 trained scientists. The ability of individuals to communicate, learn and replicate the classification was evaluated. Nine‐hundred satellite images spanning the area from 48°W to 58°W, 10°N to 20°N for the boreal winter months (December–February) over 10 years (2007/2008 to 2016/2017) were classified. Each scene was independently labelled by six scientists as being dominated by one of six patterns (one of which was “no‐pattern”). Four patterns of mesoscale organisation could be labelled in a reproducible manner, and were labelled Sugar, Gravel, Fish and Flowers. Sugar consists of small, low clouds of low reflectivity, Gravel clouds form along apparent gust fronts, Fish are skeletal networks (often fishbone‐like) of clouds, while Flowers are circular clumped features defined more by their stratiform cloud elements. Both Fish and Flowers are surrounded by large areas of clear air. These four named patterns were identified 40% of the time, with the most common pattern being Gravel. Sugar was identified the least and suggests that unorganised and very shallow convection is unlikely to dominate large areas of the downstream trade winds. Some of the patterns show signs of seasonal and interannual variability, and some degree of scale selectivity. Comparison of typical patterns with radar imagery suggests that even this subjective and qualitative visual inspection of imagery appears to capture several important physical differences between shallow cloud regimes, such as precipitation and radiative effects.
Mitigating and comparing the striping noise in FengYun‐3B/C/D microwave radiation imager brightness temperature observations
Authors: Dong H. , Zou X. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) on board the FengYun‐3 (FY‐3) series of satellites can provide global observations four times daily, which significantly improves the ability to monitor large‐scale natural disasters. There is noticeable striping noise in brightness temperature observations from the MWRIs on board the FY‐3B, FY‐3C and FY‐3D satellites. The central frequencies of all MWRI channels are in the atmospheric window region. In this article, a modified principal component analysis/ensemble empirical mode decomposition method proposed by Zou et al. in 2017 was applied to deal with the striping noise in MWRI measurements. Results reveal that the magnitude of the striping noise in the brightness temperature observations of MWRI channels 10 are about ±1.2 K for FY‐3B, ±1.1 K for FY‐3C and ± 0.8 K for FY3D. The striping noise in FY‐3D MWRI measurements is significantly reduced, compared with the striping noise in FY‐3B and FY‐3C MWRI measurements. Striping features will appear in the liquid water path (LWP) distribution if LWP is retrieved from brightness temperatures without removing the striping noise. The differences between LWP retrieved from the MWRI observations with and without striping noise mitigation could be as large as 0.07 kg·m−2. It is thus necessary to remove striping noise before any MWRI data applications.
NaBH4In‐situ Reduced Cobalt Catalyst Supported on Zeolite A for 1‐Hexene Hydroformylation
Authors: Fang Yuan , Guo Lisheng , Cui Yu , Zhang Peipei , Yoneyama Yoshiharu , Yang Guohui , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractZeolite A with different pore sizes (3 A, 4 A and 5 A) were selected as supports for preparing a series of cobalt catalysts through wetness impregnation method, using NaBH4 as an in‐situ reducing agent, but without further reduction. X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) confirmed the reduction of cobalt. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the cobalt nanoparticles were formed evenly on the zeolite structure by our rapid synthesis method. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was investigated for the hydroformylation of 1‐hexene. Benefiting from the spatial confinement effect derived from the unique topology structure of zeolite A and the low temperature in‐situ reduction contributed by NaBH4, the conversion of 1‐hexene to C7 aldehyde with a significantly enhanced normal heptanal selectivity (normal/iso ratio of 1.93) was achieved. The present study provides a rapid and effective way for the synthesis of zeolite supported cobalt catalysts for the hydroformylation of 1‐hexene.
Introduction to Healthy Minds: Mental Health Practice and Perception in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Taylor Steven J. , Brumby Alice 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter introduces and broadly explores some of the changes and continuities in practice and perception of mental health care across the long twentieth century. It considers the changing role of health care professionals and the broadening and diversifying role of policymakers that served to open new spaces and centres for creating healthy minds. The chapter engages with the shifting arguments about what it meant to have a ‘healthy’ mind and the myriad of areas into which mental health and psychiatry have penetrated, which is also an overarching theme for the volume.
‘The Holy War Against Alcohol’: Alcoholism, Medicine and Psychiatry in Ireland, c. 1890–1921
Authors: Mauger Alice 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCentring on medical discourses and asylum records, this chapter explores the evolution of frameworks and treatment for alcohol-related admissions to Irish asylums from the 1890s until the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922. This study marks a new departure in the history of alcohol misuse in Ireland. It also contributes to international discourses surrounding the role of medicine and particularly psychiatry, in understanding and treating alcoholism. As will be argued, while problem drinking was very much on the medical agenda internationally during this period, in Ireland it became imbued with a discrete set of cultural and political ideas.
Autism in the Twentieth Century: An Evolution of a Controversial Condition
Authors: O’Reilly Michelle , Lester Jessica Nina , Kiyimba Nikki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (i.e. autism) is clinically conceptualised as a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition diagnosed by examining impairments in communication, social interaction, and a rigidity in thinking. The twentieth century was an important one for autism as it was labelled and classified during this time, along with a rise of many different voices and perspectives regarding its classification as a psychiatric disability. On one hand, great advancements have been made in terms of understanding the condition, the aetiology, and treatments, and on the other, there has been a rise of critical thinking and political issues for the inclusion agenda. This chapter discusses these movements and changes in thinking.
What is the total impact of an obstetric anal sphincter injury? An Australian retrospective study
Authors: Evans Elizabeth , Falivene Clorinda , Briffa Kathy , Thompson Judith , Henry Amanda 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Most data on obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) reflect short-term (< 12 months) or much longer term (> 10 years) impact. This study aimed to collate the extent of medium-term symptomology (1–6 years) and observe the effect on future birth choices to evaluate the cumulative impact of OASI in affected women.

Methods
A retrospective cohort of women affected by OASI completed a questionnaire covering bowel symptomology, sexual function, life impact and future birth choices. A custom-created adverse composite outcome for OASI incorporating effects on daily life, flatal/fecal incontinence and sexual function (OASIACO) was used as a threshold score to identify women with high levels of symptoms.

Results
Of 265 eligible and contactable women, 210 questionnaires were received (response rate 79%) at a mean of 4 years post-OASI. More than half (54%) experienced an OASIACO. A forceps birth (p = 0.03) or more severe grade of tear (p = 0.03) was predictive of OASIACO. One hundred one women had further children, with 48% reporting their delivery choices were impacted, 32% electing a cesarean delivery and 26% shifting to private care. Eighty women (40%) had not given birth again, and 29 (36%) of these indicated their OASI influenced this decision.

Conclusions
The total impact of an OASI on women affected is substantial. More than half experience ongoing symptoms and close to half report an impact on their future birth choices. It follows there would be a consequential load on the healthcare sector, and improved management and prevention programs should be implemented.
Pretreatment ADC is not a prognostic factor for local recurrences in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma when clinical T-stage is known
Authors: Peltenburg Boris , Driessen Juliette P. , Vasmel Jeanine E. , Pameijer Frank A. , Janssen Luuk M. , Terhaard Chris H. J. , de Bree Remco , Philippens Marielle E. P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Pretreatment identification of radio-insensitive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) would affect treatment modality selection. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of a tumor could be a predictor of local recurrence. However, little is known about its prognostic value next to known factors such as clinical T-stage. The aim of the present study is to determine the added value of pretreatment ADC to clinical T-stage as a prognostic factor for local recurrence.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 217 patients with HNSCC treated with (chemo)radiotherapy between April 2009 and December 2015. All patients underwent diffusion-weighted MRI prior to treatment. Median ADC values of all tumors were obtained using a semi-automatic delineation method. Univariate models containing ADC and T-stage were compared with a multivariable model containing both variables.

Results
Fifty-eight patients experienced a local recurrence within 3 years. On average, the ADC value in the group of patients with a recurrence was 1.01 versus 1.00 (10−3 mm2/s) in the group without a recurrence. Univariate analysis showed no significant association between tumor ADC and local recurrence within 3 years after (chemo)radiotherapy (p = 0.09). Cox regression showed that clinical T-stage was an independent predictor of local recurrence and adding ADC to the model did not increase its performance.

Conclusion
Pretreatment ADC has no added value as a prognostic factor for local recurrence to clinical T-stage.

Key Points
• Pretreatment identification of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients who do not benefit from (chemo)radiotherapy could improve personalized cancer care.
• The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained from diffusion-weighted MRI has been reported to be a prognostic factor for local recurrence.
• In this study, ADC has no added value as a prognostic factor compared with clinical T-stage.