bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical environment: A facilitator of professional socialisation
Authors: De Swardt Hester C. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Competencies of health care workers, including nurses, often do not meet the health needs of populations. The clinical learning environment (CLE) is vital in socialising neophyte student nurses to display the desired competencies. Student nurses are however confronted with challenges, especially in the CLE, during this process.Aim: This article shares three validated guidelines to support professional nurses and nurse educators in facilitating appropriate professional socialisation of student nurses in the CLE.Setting: The study was conducted in an 832-bed academic hospital and nine nursing education institutions (NEIs) that offered the nursing programme concerned in a province in South Africa.Method: A sequential, exploratory, mixed-methods study was conducted and qualitative data were collected from two purposive samples, consisting of seven focus group interviews and field notes. Five themes that emerged from the integrated data guided the instrument design to collect data quantitatively from 277 educators. Experts validated 10 guidelines to a set of criteria, which was developed combining all data.Results: Qualitative and quantitative research evidenced that the CLE mostly did not support student nurses during professional socialisation. A few role models’ behaviour was noteworthy, while student supervision was inadequate. The CLE was stressful, lacked in resources, marked by uncoordinated student placement, insufficient communication and inadequate preparation of student nurses. This evidence informed the development of the guidelines.Conclusions: The guidelines were (1) the empowerment of role models through reflective practice, (2) capacity building of professional nurses and nurse educators as clinical supervisors by means of intervention strategies and (3) adopting a multifaceted approach in the creation of a positive CLE. These guidelines could facilitate appropriate professional socialisation of student nurses.
Homogeneous Einstein Manifolds with Vanishing Curvature
Authors: Huang Libing , Shen Zhongmin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInfinitely many new Einstein Finsler metrics are constructed on several homogeneous spaces. By imposing certain conditions on the homogeneous spaces, it is shown that the Ricci constant condition becomes an ordinary differential equation. The regular solutions of this equation lead to a two parameter family of Einstein Finsler metrics with vanishing $S$ curvature.
Service-learning in the Philippines: The University of Santo Thomas’ National Service Training Program
Authors: Anorico Heiden C 
Published: February 2019

Service-learning in the educational sector has shown increased impact on student lifelong learning and institutional commitment to the community over the past decade. Universities in the Philippines provide various service-learning programs for their partner communities, to address students’ understanding of real-life community needs. However, there has been little study on students’ service-learning in geriatric institutions. This article first discusses higher education in the Philippines, noting the impact of the National Service Training Program on institutions’ programs. It then describes how one university, the University of Santo Tomas, has responded to this policy framework with the development of community programs that also meet its goals for social transformation. One particular program is examined – a service-learning program involving college students and a geriatric institution in Manila. Early qualitative feedback provides an understanding of college students’ perceptions of the elderly and the service-learning implemented by the university. It also offers a strong foundation for continuing to improve the current service-learning program. From this study an 8-loop model has been developed for future evaluations of the service-learning program in this geriatric institution.
Keywordsservice-learning, elderly, geriatric institution, Philippines higher education
Classroom Observation as a Tool for Professional Development
Authors: Siddiqua Aisha 
Published: February 2019

The study indicates that classroom observation is potentially a useful tool for teachers’ professional development and works best when the personal capacity of a teacher, an observer, and school provide a base for the effective use and outcome for teachers.A brief summary of major findings and lessons learnt from the project, process, learning of teachers and my own learning is presented as follows;i) Teachers found the pre and post-observation sessions very useful for their professional development. These sessions also help the observer to understand the roots of the teacher's classroom problems.ii) Cyclical observations provide the courage and intellectual capacity to the teachers to turn their focus upon improved actions and they also developed their professional skills.iii) Teachers perceived my role as a helper, facilitator and a resource person who could provide suggestions and alternatives, where needed. I feel the need to further explore, how reflective conversations between a teacher and an observer affect individual teacher's attitudes and behaviour. This will highlight what needs to be done further to improve individual competencies. However, I feel that a co-teaching experience can also provide a valuable basis for collaborative inquiry. It might raise a range of interesting issues and questions for using reflective conversation in planning, teaching, and improving this strategy.
The Distribution and Conservation Status of the White Colour Morph of Faxonius propinquus (Northern Clearwater Crayfish) in Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Hamr Premek , Hoel Mark , Eales Kathryn 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The white morph of Faxonius propinquus was first identified and described by Dunham and Jordan. They subsequently documented the presence and geographic distribution of other species in Lake Simcoe, including two additional colour morphs of F. propinquus (Dunham et al. 1979). Since then, no further research has been conducted on these populations, even though the lake has now been invaded by the introduced rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus). The present study documents the decline and most recent distribution of the F. propinquus colour morphs and the other native species, Faxonius virilis, which also appears to display several unusual colour morphs in Lake Simcoe. The decline of the various colour morphs of F. propinquus, as well as the impact of the F. rusticus expansion in the lake, were assessed through surveys from 2015 to 2018. The significance of the results is discussed with respect to the conservation status and the future management of native crayfishes in Lake Simcoe.
Characterizing Influence of Transition to Turbulence on the Propulsive Performance of Underwater Gliders
Authors: Lidtke Artur K. , Turnock Stephen R. , Downes Jon 
Published: February 2019

Two models of underwater gliders were tested in a wind tunnel: one corresponding to a legacy shape commonly used in contemporary vehicles and the other a scaled down version of a new design. Performance of the two vehicles was characterized over a range of speeds and angles of attack. Particular attention was paid to the effect of sharp features along the hulls of the two vehicles and how they affect the observed flow regime. It has been shown that the new design, which uses a bow shape designed to encourage natural laminar flow, benefits from a 10% reduction of parasitic drag and 13% increase in lift-to-drag when the hull surface is smooth. The legacy glider, made up of a faired bow and a cylindrical hull, suffers from laminar separation and up to 100% increase in induced drag if the flow over its bow is prevented from transitioning to a turbulent state before encountering adverse pressure gradient at lower Reynolds numbers. This results in lowering of attainable speed at shallow glide path angles, whereas the associated parasitic drag reduction is demonstrated to increase the maximum velocity of the glider when moving at glide slopes greater than approximately 30°.

1. Introduction
Underwater gliders are autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that rely on using a buoyancy engine to ascend or descend through the water column, and by adjusting their pitch, they can use this vertical motion to develop forward thrust from their hydrofoils. This propulsion method allows them to undertake long-endurance missions, often several months long (Eriksen 2003; Rudnick et al. 2004; Graver 2005).
Hydrodynamic performance of an underwater glider is primarily governed by its lift-to-drag (L/D) ratio, which dictates the minimum glide path angle the vehicle may adopt, and drag coefficient, which affects the maximum forward speed the glider may achieve for a fixed amount of vertical force developed (Graver 2005). It is thus important to minimize the drag of the AUV to allow it to perform longer deployments and gather more science data without increasing the size of the engine. Because of the typical Reynolds numbers on the vehicle hulls being less than 106 and of the order of 104–5 on the appendages, laminar and transitional flow regions may occur. Correctly identifying these is critical to achieve a robust performance prediction.
Experimental investigation on the effects of website aesthetics on user performance in different virtual tasks
Authors: Thielsch Meinald T. , Haines Russell , Flacke Leonie 
Published: February 2019

In Human-Computer Interaction research, the positive effect of aesthetics on users’ subjective impressions and reactions is well-accepted. However, results regarding the influence of interface aesthetics on a user’s individual performance as an objective outcome are very mixed, yet of urgent interest due to the proceeding of digitalization. In this web-based experiment (N = 331), the effect of interface aesthetics on individual performance considering three different types of tasks (search, creative, and transfer tasks) is investigated. The tasks were presented on an either aesthetic or unaesthetic website, which differed significantly in subjective aesthetics. Goal orientation (learning versus performance goals) was included as a possible moderator variable, which was manipulated by using different task instructions. Both aesthetics and goal orientation were a between-subject factor, leading to a 2 × 2 between subject design. Manipulation checks were highly significant. Yet the results show neither significant main effects of aesthetics and goal orientation on performance regarding both accuracy and response times in each of the three tasks, nor significant interaction effects. Nevertheless, from a practical perspective aesthetics still should be considered due to its positive effects on subjective perceptions of users, even as no substantial effects on user performance occurred in the present experiment.
Quality Properties of Husk Tomato Juice and Its Impact in Stirred Probiotic Yogurt
Authors: Hegazy Eman M. , Ali Afaf O. , El-Sayed Hoda Samir , Kassem Jihan M. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Thinking about something new that is important for consumer health is a great concern to all those interested in the dairy industry and its products. Husk Tomato is a promising nutritious fruit rich in minerals, vitamins, and antioxidant compounds.
Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate Husk Tomato Juice (HTJ) constituents, its antimicrobial activity and antioxidant properties. Then utilize it for producing stirred probiotic yogurt (SPY) as a novel fermented product.
Methodology: The main components and sugars of fresh HTJ were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity by DDPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazil) test as well as total phenolic compounds were also determined. Four treatments of SPY fortified with 20, 30, 40 and 50% (v/v) HTJ & Lb. casei FEGY9973 (as probiotic bacteria) were prepared and served as T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively were compared against control without juice.
Results: Data revealed that the main compounds of HTJ were Sinapic (8.170 µg/ml), Protocatechuic (6.344 µg/ml) and Cinnamic (4.660 µg/ml). Contents of Fe, Mg, Na and Ca were 1.766, 1.627, 7.436 and 12.14 mg/100 g. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of fresh HTJ were 68.88% and 319.15 ppm respectively. It was found that HTJ had powerful antimicrobial activity against both of Y. enterocolitica and Ent. faecalies. On the other hand, data revealed that the antioxidant activity of fresh SPY samples were significantly (p<0.05) higher 67.66, 76.93, 69.34 and 69.59% for T1, T2, T3 and T4 in order, compared to control sample (66.57%). While, appearance scores had no significant (p>0.05) for all samples in fresh, 5 and 10 days of storage. All treatment samples possessed acceptable sensory properties.
Conclusion: It could be conducted that SPY fortified with 20 and 30% HTJ had been successfully produced as a healthy dairy product.
Success Rates of Vaginal Sonography and Hysteroscopy for Diagnosis of Intrauterine Pathologies in Female Infertility
Authors: Yavangi Mahnaz , Farimani Marzieh , Zonoori Firozeh , Mohammadpour Nooshin , Dayani Mohamad Ali 
Published: February 2019

Background and Aim: Uterine anatomical pathologies play important roles in causing female infertility. This study was conducted to survey the efficiency of hysteroscopy and vaginal sonography in detecting the intrauterine pathologies in infertile women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all the infertile women referring to the Endometriosis Research Center between December 22, 2013 and August 22, 2015. Forty five women were recruited and the data on the examinations of uterine lesions were analyzed by transvaginal sonography (TVS), hysteroscopy, and pathology as the standard test. Data analysis was conducted by SPSSv16 using t-test and Mann-Whitney test, and the sensitivity and specificity were measured with reference to the standard test.
Findings: For diagnosing polyp, endometrial hyperplasia, and myoma, TVS showed the 75%, 25%, and 85.71% sensitivity, respectively, and specificity of 92.30%, 92.30%, and 56.97% respectively. For them, hysteroscopy showed the 60%, 75%, and 75.71% sensitivity respectively, and specificity of 71.65%, 30.92%, and 56.97% respectively.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the sensitivity of TVS and hysteroscopic findings in diagnosing uterine pathologies is relatively high, but the sensitivity of TVS was low to diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia.
Matrix Extension Validation of AOCS Ce 2c‐11 for Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Conventional Foods and Dietary Supplements Containing Added Marine Oil
Authors: Li Ziyi , Kotoski Shaun P. , Srigley Cynthia T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMarine oils are commonly added to conventional foods and dietary supplements to enhance their contents of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n‐3), which have been associated with numerous potential health benefits. This study compared American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) Official Methods Ce 2b‐11 and Ce 2c‐11 for determining EPA and DHA in foods and dietary supplements and found that AOCS Ce 2c‐11 produces significantly higher analyzed values, which could be attributed to a more comprehensive breakdown of the sample matrix and derivatization of fatty acids. Our subsequent food matrix extension validation of AOCS Ce 2c‐11 demonstrated that the method produces true, accurate, sensitive, and precise determinations of EPA, DHA, and total omega‐3 PUFA in foods and dietary supplements containing added marine oil, including those formulated with emulsified and microencapsulated oils. The method detection limits for EPA and DHA were 0.012 ± 0.002 and 0.011 ± 0.003 mg g−1, respectively (means ± SD). The analyzed contents of EPA (1.26–386 mg serving−1), DHA (1.37–563 mg serving−1), and total omega‐3 PUFA (2.69–1270 mg serving−1) were reported for 27 conventional food and dietary supplement products. Eighteen products declared contents of DHA, EPA + DHA, or total omega‐3 PUFA on product labels, and the analyzed contents of those fatty acids varied from 95 to 162% of label declarations for all but two of the products.
Multiscale simulation of the interlaminar failure of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced fibers laminate composite materials
Authors: Basso Matteo , Azoti Wiyao , Elmarakbi Hana , Elmarakbi Ahmed 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis article presents a multiscale approach to derive the interlaminar properties of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)‐based polymeric composites reinforced by short glass fibers (SGFs) and unidirectional carbon fibers (UCFs). The approach accounts for the debonding at the interface of a 2‐phases GNPs/polymer matrix using a cohesive model. The resulting composite is used within a 3‐phases nanocomposite consisting either of a GNPs/polyamide/SGFs or a GNPs/epoxy/UCFs nanocomposite. Experiments are performed for determining the interlaminar fracture toughness in mode I for the GNPs/epoxy/UCFs. Results show that the aspect ratio (AR) of GNPs influences the effective Young modulus which increases until a threshold. Also, the addition of the GNPs increases up to 10% the transverse Young modulus and up to 11% the shear modulus as well as up to 16% the transverse tensile strength useful in crashworthiness performance. However, the nanocomposite behavior remains fiber dominant in the longitudinal direction. This leads to a weak variation of the mechanical properties in that direction. Due to the well‐known uniform dispersion issues of GNPs, the interlaminar fracture toughness GIC has decreased up to 8.5% for simulation and up to 2.4% for experiments while no significant variation of the interlaminar stress distribution is obtained compared to a nanocomposite without GNPs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47664.
Stress‐related hormones affect carbohydrate metabolism in Drosophila females
Authors: Karpova Evgenia K. , Eremina Margarita A. , Pirozhkova Darya S. , Gruntenko Nataly E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA highly conservative insulin signaling pathway, stable work of which is indicated by carbohydrates metabolism, is also known to play an important role in the control of stress resistance. Here we demonstrate that exposure to heat stress leads to a rise in the levels of trehalose and glucose in females of Drosophila melanogaster, but does not affect the expression level of the trehalase (Treh) gene. We have shown that the rise in juvenile hormone (JH) and dopamine decreases levels of both carbohydrates under the normal conditions but brings them to values close to normal following the stress exposure. The data obtained suggest that (a) dopamine and JH involved in the neuroendocrine stress reaction in D. melanogaster also take part in the regulation of carbohydrates metabolism, tending to normalize it after stress; (b) the regulation of trehalose content under stress does not occur at the level of transcription of the degrading enzyme.
5,20‐Bis(ethoxycarbonyl)‐Substituted Antiaromatic [28]Hexaphyrin and Its Bis‐NiII and Bis‐CuII Complexes
Authors: Nakai Akito , Kim Jinseok , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: February 2019

Abstract5,20‐Bis(ethoxycarbonyl)‐[28]hexaphyrin was synthesized by acid catalyzed cross‐condensation of meso‐diaryl‐substituted tripyrrane and ethyl 2‐oxoacetate followed by subsequent oxidation. This hexaphyrin was found to be a stable 28π‐antiaromatic compound with a dumbbell‐like conformation. Upon oxidization with PbO2, this [28]hexaphyrin was converted into an aromatic [26]hexaphyrin with a rectangular shape bearing two ester groups at the edge side. The [28]hexaphyrin can incorporate two NiII or CuII metals by using the ester carbonyl groups and three pyrrolic nitrogen atoms to give bis‐NiII and bis‐CuII complexes with essentially the same dumbbell‐like structure. The antiaromatic properties of the [28]hexaphyrin and its metal complexes have been well characterized.
Dynamic alterations of plasma cell free DNA in response to chemotherapy in children with neuroblastoma
Authors: Su Yan , Wang Lijun , Wang Xisi , Yue Zhixia , Xing Tianyu , Zhao Wen , Zhao Qian , Duan Chao , Huang Cheng , Han Yi , Qiu Lihua , Cheng Xianfeng , Liu Yi , Ma Xiaoli 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo improve cure rates for neuroblastoma (NB), it is important and necessary to evaluate therapy response. Our investigation focuses on using plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker to determine tumor burden and minimal residual disease (MRD) of NB patients during chemotherapy.MethodsTotal 58 NB patients were recruited from July 2016 to December 2017. Therapy regime and risk classification were based on COG standard and BCH‐NB‐2007 protocol. RECIST study was used to judge response to therapy at the end of fourth cycle of chemotherapy (CC4) and maintenance stage (MS) respectively. Serial quantifications of cfDNA, NSE, and LDH were examined at four stages, including newly diagnosed, second and CC4, and maintenance.ResultsDuring early chemotherapy, 65.5% of NB kids responded well. Consistently, cfDNA, NSE, and LDH levels were down‐regulated in NB patients with partial remission (PR) compared to those with stable disease (SD). In both training and predicting sets, the levels of cfDNA were significantly comparable between PR and SD only at CC4 stage. To predict the insufficient response to early chemotherapy, the optimal AUC value of cfDNA was 0.732 and 0.747 in training and predicting sets respectively, with a sensitivity of 63.2% and 80% specificity at 11.59 ng/ml and a sensitivity of 68.4% and 90% specificity at 10.35 ng/ml. At MS, responded NB patients were slightly increased up to 70%. This evaluation was confirmed by further decrease in cfDNA and NSE levels during intermediate chemotherapy in comparison with early stage.ConclusionThe dynamic change of cfDNA was considered as a surrogate biomarker to evaluate tumor burden and MRD of NB during early and intermediate therapy periods.
Phenotypic Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds from Different Herbaceous Peony Species Native to China
Authors: Yan Zhen‐Guo , Xie Li‐Hang , Wang Ning , Sun Dao‐Yang , Bai Zhang‐Zhen , Niu Li‐Xin , Zhang Yan‐Long , Ji Xiao‐Tong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHerbaceous peony has been widely cultivated in China due to its substantial ornamental and medicinal value. In the present study, the phenotypic characteristics, total fatty acid (FA) content, and nine FA compositions of herbaceous peony seeds from 14 populations belonging to six species and one subspecies were determined by normal test and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that the phenotypic characteristics of seeds varied dramatically among species. The concentrations of five major FAs in seed oils were as follows: linoleic acid (173.95–236.51 μg/mg), linolenic acid (227.82–302.71 μg/mg), oleic acid (135.32–208.81 μg/mg), stearic acid (6.52–11.7 μg/mg), and palmitic acid (30.67–47.64 μg/mg). Correlation analysis demonstrated that oleic acid had the highest partial correlation coefficient with total FAs and might be applied to develop a model of phenotypic characteristics. FAs were significantly influenced by the following environmental factors: latitude, elevation, and annual average temperature. Based on the FA levels in the seed oils, clustering analysis divided 14 populations into two clusters. It was found that the average contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and total FAs in cluster I (147.16 μg/mg, 200.31 μg/mg, and 671.24 μg/mg, respectively) were significantly lower than those in cluster II (196.65 μg/mg, 220.16 μg/mg, and 741.78 μg/mg, respectively). Cluster I was perfectly consistent with subsect. Foliolatae, while cluster II was in good agreement with subsect. Dissectifoliae. Therefore, the FA composition of wild herbaceous peony seed oil might be used as a chemotaxonomic marker.