bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin and Recovery of Colony-forming Units in Locally Curetted Bone Marrow of Mice
Authors: Knospe William H. , Gregory Stephanie A. , Husseini Salah G. , Fried Walter , Trobaugh Frank E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Histologic study of locally curetted bone marrow showed a sequence of blood clot formation, displacement of the clot by a primitive reticular tissue, and hematopoietic regeneration. Histologic regeneration of sinusoidal vessels, and recovery was incomplete 12 wk later with increased fat, residual trabecular bone, and cystic areas. Recovery of colony-forming units (CFU) paralleled hematopoietic cellular recovery and did not exceed levels of 70% of normal by 12 wk postcurettage. Transplantation of cureted and irradiated mice with T6T6 marker chromosomes demonstrated that cells with marker chromosomes migrated readily into irradiated marrow but were excluded from the curetted marrow for 2 wk after curettage. Three weeks after, curettage marker cells gained ready access to curetted marrow. The early exclusion but later appearance of transplanted marker cells was correlated with the early absence and later regeneration of sinusoidal vessels. The histologic and cytogenetic studies support the concept of a dependence of hematopoiesis upon a sinusoidal system with an appropriate marrow microenvironment. These studies support the concept of a local origin of marrow regeneration within curetted cavities but do not indicate whether the hematopoietic tissue originates from small numbers of residual CFU surviving curettage or from multipotential reticular cells. There was no evidence of a stimulatory effect upon uncuretted marrow by the action of curettage.
Studies on Red Cell Aplasia. III. Treatment With Horse Antihuman Thymocyte Gamma Globulin
Authors: Krantz Sanford B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of pure red cell aplasia, which did not respond to corticosteroids, splenectomy, or cyclophosphamide, has been described. In vitro studies performed with the patient’s marrow showed a much smaller response to erythropoietin than that observed with previous patients who did respond to cyclophosphamide. The patient’s plasma and γG-globulin fraction inhibited the rate of heme synthesis of normal marrow cells in vitro. The γM-globulins did not inhibit heme synthesis in the same system. The patient was treated with cyclophosphamide and horse antihuman thymocyte gamma globulin (HAHTGG) and had a definite increase in red cell production, but a severe febrile reaction occurred that prevented further use of the HAHTGG. This study indicates that HAHTGG may be of aid in treating severe cases of red cell aplasia when more effective means of minimizing hypersensitivity reactions are devised.
Cell Migration Inhibition in Human Lymphomas Using Lymph Node and Cell Line Antigens
Authors: Braun Marta , Sen Luisa , Bachmann Alois E. , Pavlovsky A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In an attempt to demonstrate in vitro reactions against autologous and allogenic lymph node (LN) extracts in lymphoma patients, 15 cases were studied using as controls two normal LN extracts and leukocytes from 17 blood donors. The techniques applied were migration inhibition tests carried out directly on peripheral leukocytes and indirectly using lymphocyte culture supernatants on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. The antigens (Ag) used were partially purified saline extracts of neoplastic LN, cultured neoplastic cells of lymphosarcoma (LS) origin, and normal LN. It was observed that autologous LN extracts elicited migration inhibition in the four cases of LS studied and in four out of six cases of Hodgkin’s disease (HD), while normal LN extracts gave negative results in these patients. Positive reactions were observed in four out of six LS cases using allogenic LS extracts, either from LN or from cell lines. No cross-reactions could be demonstrated in HD. All Ag gave negative results with leukocytes from normal blood donors. The positive autologous reaction suggests the presence of a tumor Ag in neoplastic LN, while the immunologic cross-reaction between some of the LS patients would point to a common Ag, persisting in at least one of the LS cell lines and perhaps related to a virus.
Oxygen Affinity in Hemoglobin Köln Disease
Authors: de Furia Frank G. , Miller Denis R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Oxygen affinity studies in a splenectomized patient with sporadically occurring Hb Köln disease revealed high whole blood oxygen affinity (P50 O2 17.6 mm Hg) with increased 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), low ATP, and normal RBC ΔpH. Isolated electrophoretically slow migrating Hb Köln had a high oxygen affinity, decreased Hill’s number, and normal DPG reactivity. Functional evidence for hybrid tetramers with normal mobility is presented. Partial deoxygenation may play a role in the denaturation of the Hb Köln molecule and thus account for a higher oxygen affinity (low P50 O2), measured by the mixing technique, than the actual values for P50 that exist in vivo. Increased oxygen affinity and decreased P50 O2 would result in increased erythropoiesis and account for a well-compensated hemolytic process in this patient with a normal red cell mass and normal values of hemoglobin.
Surface Immunoglobulins of Circulating Lymphocytes in Mouse Plasmacytoma. I. Characteristics of Lymphocyte Surface Immunoglobulins
Authors: Yakulis Vincent , Bhoopalam Nirmala , Schade Sylvia , Heller Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A large proportion (24-45%) of circulating lymphocytes of normal BALB/c mice was found to have surface immunoglobulins with polyclonal characteristics. Following implantation with plasmacytoma, the percentage of these normal receptor-carrying lymphocytes (RCL) was found to decrease. Concomitant with the growth of the tumors, the proportion of lymphocytes having receptors with the structural properties of the specific plasmacytoma globulin gradually increased. The antisera with which these new surface structures were demonstrated were specific for the variable portion of the Fab fragment, the idiotypic determinant of the plasmacytoma globulin. These antisera were not only raised in rabbits and rendered antiidiotypic by appropriate absorptions, but also in BALB/c mice. Evidence is presented that this alteration of receptors on the normal lymphocytes depends on the presence of tumor cells and is not caused by nonspecific absorption of the immunoglobulins to the lymphocytes.
Surface Immunoglobulins of Circulating Lymphocytes in Mouse Plasmacytoma. II. The Influence of Plasmacytoma RNA on Surface Immunoglobulins of Lymphocytes
Authors: Bhoopalam Nirmala , Yakulis Vincent , Costea Nicolas , Heller Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Circulating lymphocytes of plasmacytoma-carrying BALB/c mice were found to lose their normal surface immunoglobulins; in their place surface structures characteristic of the specific plasmacytoma globulin were demonstrated by the immunocytoadhesion technique. These changes were experimentally reproduced by the incubation of normal BALB/c lymphocytes with an RNA preparation obtained by hot phenol extraction from the excised plasmacytomas. RNA treated by RNAse was inactive, while DNAse or trypsin had no inactivating effect. Lymphocytes, killed with heat or KCN, underwent no alteration of surface receptors following incubation with the tumor RNA. Plasmacytoma RNA, injected intraperitoneally into normal mice, also altered the reactivity of circulating lymphocytes. These observations suggest the possibility that this effect contributes to the functional impairment of the immune system in this disease.
DNA Synthesis in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells: Comparison of Results in Cells Containing Folate Binding Factor to Replicating Cells Without Binder
Authors: daCosta Maria , Rothenberg Sheldon P. , Kamen Barton 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Some chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells contain a factor with binding determinants for folic acid (PGA), dihydrofolic acid (FH2) and methotrexate (MTX). To determine whether this factor may have some effect on DNA synthesis and the pharmacologic activity of the folate antagonists, the effect of deoxyuridine (dU), PGA, FH2, and MTX, on the incorporation of 3H-dU and 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) into DNA was compared in short-term cultures of CML cells containing a high and low concentration of binder and in bone marrow cells with no binder. The following observations were made in CML cells with high binder: greater inhibition of 3H-dU incorporation into DNA by 102 pmoles of stable dU; lesser or no stimulation of 3H-dU incorporation into DNA by FH2 and PGA; inhibition rather than stimulation of 3H-TdR incorporation into DNA by FH2, PGA, and MTX; and reversal of these effects when this CML patient was given oral PGA and unsaturated binder concentration in the cells decreased. These findings suggest that the presence of a high concentration of unsaturated folate binder in replicating cells can affect the capacity for de novo DNA synthesis, probably by binding FH2. In addition, because of binding determinants for MTX, the pharmacolgic activity of this drug can also be altered.
Daunorubicin Metabolism in Acute Myelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Huffman David H. , Bachur Nicholas R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Daunorubicin reductase is a cytoplasmic enzyme that converts daunorubicin to a principal metabolite, daunorubicinol, in the presence of NADPH. This enzyme, found in mammalian tissues and studied in rat tissue preparations and normal human blood components, is also present in human leukemic myeloblasts. The enzymes from both normal and leukemic leukocytes require NADPH for activity, have similar kinetics and substrate saturation characteristics, and have a Km, of 1.7 x 10-4M. When daunorubicin reductase levels in leukemic myeloblasts are related to the clinical response to daunorubicin therapy, we find that patients with a high enzyme level respond favorably to daunorubicin therapy with either a complete or partial remission, whereas those patients with a lower enzyme level experience either no response or die during therapy. These observations suggest that the level of daunorubicin reductase in the leukemic myeloblast may be important in determining the susceptibility of that cell to daunorubicin. Moreover, the measurement of daunorubicin reductase level may have prognostic value regarding the clinical response to daunorubicin therapy.
Effect of Heinz Bodies on Red Cell Deformability
Authors: Lubin Alan , Desforges Jane F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Decreased deformability of acetylphenylhydrazine-treated erythrocytes, measured by in vitro filtration experiments, was found to parallel Heinz body formation. The decreased deformability seemed unrelated to methemoglobin formation, ATP depletion, red cell size, or membrane effect. Hemolysis of Heinz body erythrocytes occurred during filtration of severely damaged cells, in an all-or-none fashion. In mixtures, separation of untreated cells from Heinz body-containing erythrocytes could be accomplished by filtration. There may be a relationship of these filtration properties to intravascular, in vivo destruction of severely damaged cells in Heinz body anemias.
Fatalities During Remission of Childhood Leukemia
Authors: Simone Joseph V. , Holland Elizabeth , Johnson Warren 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency, causes, and circumstances of death during remission of childhood leukemia and to delineate predisposing or contributing factors. While overall mortality has decreased, the frequency of remission fatalities at this institution has increased progressively to l6% of all children dying with acute lymphocytic leukemia. This increase coincides with more aggressive therapy, longer remissions and survival, and a larger patient population at risk. The primary causes of death were nonbacterial infections in 23 of the 26 children. Pneumocystis carinii, herpesviruses, cytomegalovirus, and fungi were the principal microorganisms. All but two patients had received intensive combination chemotherapy, and 20 of 26 had received radiotherapy. All patients had experienced hematologic and other toxicity, but severe leukopenia and granulocytopenia did not correlate with the onset of terminal illness. A frequent side effect of therapy was failure to gain weight. Most patients had potentially fatal infections prior to the terminal illness. Despite complete clinical remission for at least 1 mo before death, leukemia was found at autopsy in nine of 20 patients.
Cellular Differentiation in a Murine Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Cline M. J. , Metcalf D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mouse peritoneal macrophages and macrophages derived from normal bone marrow progenitors in vitro possess surface receptors whose predominant specificity is directed toward the IgG2a subclass of IgG moleclues. Myelomonocytic leukemic cells also possess such IgG receptors but in an abnormally low frequency and without demonstrable subclass specificity. Within the leukemic population, monoblasts are distinguished from myeloblasts by their greater adhesiveness to glass, higher frequency of cells with surface receptors for IgG, and by erythrophagocytosis. Leukemic monoblasts, myeloblasts, and their morphologically mature progeny demonstrate impaired phagocytic ability. A concept of the development of surface receptors for IgG in the monocyte-macrophage cell line is presented.
Similarities of the Erythrocytes in Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia to Fetal Erythrocytes
Authors: Maurer Helen S. , Vida Loyda N. , Honig George R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 4-yr-old boy was studied who showed typical findings of juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia, including massive hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, and absence of a Philadelphia chromosome. The erythrocytes of the patient exhibited many characteristic features of erythrocytes of newborn infants: the fetal hemoglobin concentration was greatly elevated (72%); the oxygen dissociation curve of the whole blood was displaced to the left of the curve from normal adult blood; the hemoglobin A2 level and the erythrocyte I antigen titer were reduced; and a structural analysis of the γ-chain of the fetal hemoglobin showed the glycine to alanine ratio in γ-136 to be typical of the neonatal pattern. These findings support the suggestion that juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia is accompanied by reversion to a fetal pattern of erythropoiesis.
Macroglobulinemia: An Analysis for Forty Patients
Authors: MacKenzie Malcolm R. , Fudenberg H. Hugh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Forty patients with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia were evaluated for criteria of diagnosis, clinical presentation and course, response to therapy, and appropriateness of the classification primary or secondary. A wide spectrum of presentations, course, and complications were present. Thus, the major criteria for diagnosis was a monoclonal IgM serum protein abnormality present in concentrations greater than 1 g/100 ml. Clinical manifestations included weight loss, mucous membrane bleeding, presence of abnormal masses, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system abnormalities. A high incidence (60%) of associated malignancy was noted. The hyperviscosity syndrome was a frequent complication (33%). Alkylating drugs were successful in inducing remission in approximately 40% of the patients. Plasmapheresis was uniformly successful in relieving hyperviscosity. It was found that attempts to classify patients as primary or secondary frequently proved in error with long-term observation and as such should be discarded. Hypotheses of etiology are discussed and include the IgM proteins as: markers of a malignant lymphoid line, antibodies to microscopic or submicroscopic organisms related (or not related) to tumor induction, and antibodies to tumor-specific antigens. Firm evidence for any of these possibilities is not available.
RESULTS OF THERAPY OF ERYTHROBLASTOSIS WITH EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION
Authors: WIENER ALEXANDER S. , WEXLER IRVING B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. In the authors’ technic of exchange transfusion, citrated blood is introduced into the saphenous vein at the ankle and the infant’s blood simultaneously withdrawn from the radial artery at the wrist, coagulation being prevented by the administration of small amounts of heparin. The procedure besides being simple, is safe, there having been no operative mortality in more than 40 transfusions.
2. The results of exchange transfusion therapy in erythroblastosis in our first 28 cases are presented. Of these 28 cases, 16 were very severe and almost certainly would have been lethal if left untreated, 6 were of moderate severity, and 6 were mild. Only 7 of the infants died, and the available data indicate that the mortality would have been at least twice as high had the usual treatment with simple transfusions been given.
3. Aside from its greater efficacy in reducing mortality, exchange transfusion is more efficient, so that supplementary treatment is not required as a rule.
4. Fresh blood should be used instead of bank blood because of its greater survival time and smaller likelihood of introducing infection.
5. All infants who have survived have developed normally both physically and mentally and have shown no sequelae of liver or brain damage.
6. The most reliable index of the severity of the disease in the erythroblastotic infant is provided by antenatal titrations of the maternal univalent Rh antibodies, as well as by tests for the presence of univalent antibodies in the infant’s blood.
THE CHAIN REACTION OF THE BLOOD CLOTTING MECHANISM IN RELATION TO THE THEORY OF HEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOSIS
Authors: MILSTONE J. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Detailed evidence has been accumulating that at least one chain reaction occurs during the coagulation of blood. Both the metamorphosis of platelets and the development of thrombokinase appear to be involved. The autocatalytic effect may serve a function in making possible the growth of a hemostatic plug. It also offers advantages in the physiologic control of the clotting mechanism. It is likely that the chain reaction occurs in most instances where a thrombus forms, and plays some part in its propagation.
The chain reaction is a potentially explosive phenomenon which demands an adequate countermechanism. With materials derived from blood, reactions have long since been demonstrated which can reduce thrombokinase activity, inactivate thrombin and liquefy fibrin. These reactions may help to maintain the fluidity of the circulating blood by removing the products of smoldering clotting reactions.
Such effects could help to delimit the growth of a hemostatic plug, or to end the propagation of a thrombus.
While it is now possible to correlate in this way the data on blood coagulation with present knowledge of hemostasis and thrombosis, critical gaps in our understanding still remain.
TUBERCULOUS SPLENOMEGALY WITH THE HYPERSPLENISM SYNDROME
Authors: MEREDITH H. C. , EARLY J. Q. , BECKER WALTER 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of tuberculous splenomegaly with leukopenia and anemia following miliary tuberculosis has been presented. Splenectomy was required after streptomycin failed to control the cytopenias, progressive emaciation, and splenic infection. However, following what appeared to be six weeks of marked improvement, the patient developed a fulminating tuberculous meningitis and died.
HEINZ BODY PHENOMENON IN ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: WEBSTER STEWART H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Certain morphologic changes in the erythrocytes, first described accurately by Heinz in 1890, have been noted by many investigators both in experimental animals and in man. These Heinz bodies, called by various names, appear to be newly formed particles originating either from the protoplasm or the membrane of the red blood cells in the course of irreversible injury by a toxic agent. The chemical nature of these particles is uncertain but they appear to consist largely of denatured proteins. They may occur in the blood in the absence of methemoglobin or sulfhemoglobin and without anemia, these phenomena being independent of each others. Removal of these bodies from the blood stream is frequently accomplished by their destruction in the spleen, often with resulting increase in size of this organ.
From the staining characteristics of Heinz bodies it is usually possible to distinguish them from other similar particles and to measure them quantitatively. Little is known of the relationship of chemical constitution of toxic substances to Heinz body formation. The indications are that some inorganic substances are capable of inducing this action as well as many aromatic nitro and amino compounds.
The presence in the blood stream of significant amounts of Heinz bodies is evidence of some injury to the erythrocytes. If this injury is severe it may lead to marked hemolysis and anemia.
Clinical cases of Heinz body occurrence in man, due either to drugs or to industrial poisoning, are cited and the need for further work and especially for Heinz body evaluation in routine hematologic examinations is pointed out. A bibliography is included in this review of the literature covering the chief contributions to work on Heinz bodies.
AN EVALUATION OF STERNAL ASPIRATION AS AN AID IN DIAGNOSIS OF THE MALIGNANT LYMPHOMATA
Authors: COOPER TALBERT , WATKINS CHARLES H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Neither diagnostically significant features nor consistent abnormalities of other character were demonstrated in the specimens of sternal marrow obtained in 15 cases of Hodgkin’s disease. With improvements in technic, particularly in patients presenting clinical evidence of bone or bone marrow involvement, the procedure might become more valuable.
As an aid in diagnosis in cases of obscure malignant lymphoma, sternal aspiration is likely to prove of greatest value in cases of lymphosarcoma. In 7 of 10 proved cases, abnormal lymphocytic cell types were encountered and in 3 instances bone marrow infiltrations were demonstrated in fixed section preparations. The latter were felt to be diagnostic of lymphosarcoma.
In 2 cases of follicular lymphoma the specimens of sternal marrow presented no striking abnormalities. However, because of the apparently close relationship which this disease bears to lymphosarcoma it is felt that study of a larger number of cases may prove the procedure of some diagnostic value.
MEGAKARYOCYTES IN NORMAL AND IN THROMBOCYTOPENIC INDIVIDUALS
Authors: DE LA FUENTE VICTORINO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The megakaryocytes in 5 normal and 20 thrombocytopenic individuals were studied. The stages ofdevelopment undergone by the cells were delineated and a new classification, according to maturation and function, was made.
Using this classification, the megakaryocytic reactions in the 20 cases of thrombocytopenia were grouped into three distinct types. The first is characterized by a rapid multiplication of cells and a marked inhibition of platelet-formation without change in the process of maturation. The second is similar to the first with this exception that the total number of cells is not increased. The third reaction shows a normal or low total number of cells, with inhibited platelet-formation and accelerated maturation.
From the collected facts, the following conclusions are inferred: (1) The factors of maturation and of platelet-production affecting the megakaryocytes are different. (2) Certain diseases may disturb either of the two processes or both. (3) The number of platelets in the circulating blood is directly related to the percentage of megakaryocytic "C" cells in general. (4) Lesions affecting the spleen usually check the fragmentation of platelets from the megakaryocytic cytoplasm. (5) Infection and primary blood disorders may cause changes in the megakaryocytes but the explanation for this is still to be investigated.