bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid and nondestructive detection of freshness quality of postharvest spinaches based on machine vision and electronic nose
Authors: Huang Xingyi , Yu Shanshan , Xu Haixia , Aheto Joshua H. , Bonah Ernest , Ma Mei , Wu Mengzi , Zhang Xiaorui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractArtificial sensory evaluation and physicochemical analysis tend to be tedious and time consuming. Therefore, this study employs machine vision, electronic nose (E‐nose), and multisensory data fusion to rapidly and nondestructively detect spinach freshness during storage. Spinach freshness during refrigeration was classified into four grades by 10 trained panelists. Machine vision and E‐nose were then used to obtain the image and odor information of the samples, respectively. K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and back‐propagation artificial neural network (BPNN) were applied to predict spinach freshness. Result from the BPNN model based on machine vision achieved the same result as the KNN model with a classification accuracy of 85.42%. The BPNN model based on E‐nose achieved a better result than the SVM model with classification accuracies of 81.25% and 75.00%, respectively. Furthermore, the BPNN model based on multisensory data fusion greatly improved the detection accuracy of spinach freshness with a classification accuracy of 93.75%. Multisensory data fusion approaches based on machine vision and E‐nose are capable of intelligently detecting the freshness of postharvest spinach during storage. The main advantage is to allow a rapid and nondestructive detection of spinach freshness without using any chemical pretreatments.Practical ApplicationsFresh spinach is an important source of minerals, vitamins, carotenes, and other nutrients. Timely and accurately knowing the grade of spinach freshness before decay is of great interest in ensuring edible quality and reducing economic losses. Traditional analytical methods of spinach freshness tend to be tedious and time consuming. Novel analytical techniques such as machine vision and electronic nose (E‐nose) showed good feasibility in detecting spinach freshness during refrigerated storage. The detection accuracy could be highly improved based on the multisensory data fusion of machine vision and E‐nose. The results of this study confirmed that machine vision and E‐nose could constitute a rapid and nondestructive method to detect spinach freshness during storage instead of tedious and time‐consuming methods. The method of combining machine vision and E‐nose could be applied in the fruit and vegetable industry in the future.
Anti‐listeria activity and shelf life extension effects of Lactobacillus along with garlic extract in ground beef
Authors: Khalili Sadaghiani Surur , Aliakbarlu Javad , Tajik Hossein , Mahmoudian Alireza 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe current study investigates the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum combined with water extract of garlic on microbial growth, chemical changes, and sensory attributes in ground beef samples at refrigeration condition (+4°C) up to 12 days of storage. in vitro study revealed that garlic extract combined with L. reuteri or L. plantarum caused 2.13 and 2.57 log reduction in the Listeria monocytogenes count, respectively. Combination of L. plantarum and 1% garlic extract significantly (p < .05) reduced aerobic mesophilic bacteria (1.64 log cycle) and L. monocytogenes (1.44 log cycle) counts in ground beef. Lipid oxidation was also significantly (p < .05) lower in samples treated with L. plantarum plus garlic extract (1%). Furthermore, higher sensory scores were received by samples treated with Lactobacillus plus garlic extract. In conclusion, the combination of L. plantarum and garlic extract was found to be suitable to use in ground beef by controlling the L. monocytogenes growth and increasing its shelf life.Practical ApplicationsGarlic extract not only has an antimicrobial activity but also has a stimulatory effect on the Lactobacillus spp. growth. On the other hand, some Lactobacillus strains can inhibit pathogenic bacteria. Then, the combination of Lactobacillus and garlic extract may be used to produce new bio‐preserved and functional meat products. The current study indicated the potential of Lactobacillus combined with garlic extract to control microbial and chemical changes in ground beef. The combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and garlic extract significantly (p < .05) reduced Listeria monocytogenes counts and lipid oxidation rates and improved the sensory scores in ground beef.
Variation nearMTNR1Aassociates with early development and interacts with seasons
Authors: Sulkava Sonja , Taka Antti‐Mathias , Kantojärvi Katri , Pölkki Pirjo , Morales‐Muñoz Isabel , Milani Lili , Porkka‐Heiskanen Tarja , Saarenpää‐Heikkilä Outi , Kylliäinen Anneli , Juulia Paavonen E. , Paunio Tiina 
Published: October 2019

SummaryMelatonin is a circadian regulatory hormone with neuroprotective properties. We have previously demonstrated the association of the genetic variant rs12506228 near the melatonin receptor 1A gene (MTNR1A) with intolerance to shift‐work. Furthermore, this variant has been connected to Alzheimer's disease. Because of the previously suggested role of melatonin signalling in foetal neurocognitive and sleep development, we studied here the association of rs12506228 with early development. The study sample comprised 8‐month‐old infants from the FinnishCHILD‐SLEEPbirth cohort (n = 1,301). Parental questionnaires assessed socioemotional, communication and motor development, as well as sleep length and night awakenings. The A allele of rs12506228 showed an association with slower socioemotional (p = .025) and communication (p = .0098) development, but no direct association with sleep. However, the association of the Finnish seasons with infant sleep length interacted with rs12506228. Taken together, rs12506228 nearMTNR1A,which has been previously linked to adult and elderly traits, is shown here to associate with slower early cognitive development. In addition, these results suggest that the darker seasons associate with longer infant sleep time, but only in the absence of the rs12506228AAgenotype. Because the risk allele has been connected to fewer brainMT1 melatonin receptors, these associations may reflect the influence of decreased melatonin signalling in early development.
Primary caregiver education level and sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Elkhatib Smidt Stacey D. , Lu Frances , Rao Sowmya R. , Asato Miya , Handen Benjamin L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn children with autism spectrum disorder, there have been equivocal results regarding primary caregiver education level and its influence on sleep. Thus, we assessed if lower primary caregiver education level is associated with more sleep problems. We evaluated 4,636 children with autism spectrum disorder in the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network's United States and Canadian registry, whose caregivers completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Using regression analysis, there was an association between lower primary caregiver education level and more sleep problems. Secondary analyses demonstrated that younger age, Hispanic ethnicity, higher IQ, autism diagnosis and lower adaptive function were also associated with more sleep problems. The finding that lower primary caregiver education level was associated with increased sleep problems in a large sample of children with autism spectrum disorder highlights the importance of screening for risk factors affecting sleep to help moderate sleep problems.
Meteorites: International law and regulations
Authors: Gounelle Max , Gounelle Matthieu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough meteorites are now considered as scientific objects, they still bear a strong and powerful symbolic meaning due to their extraterrestrial provenance. The present article focuses on their legal status, in other words the collection of rules, very diverse in nature, which are applicable to them. Despite a growing international market, the question of meteorites is often ignored or regarded as a detail in international relations and is rarely taken explicitly into account in negotiations and treaties. This relative neglect explains why a non‐State player, the Meteoritical Society, has taken methodological initiatives into meteoritic science and has effectively become a regulator of meteorite naming and acceptance, with a global scope. We show that to understand the legal status of meteorites, it is necessary to consider them under the prism of public international law, transnational law, and national law. We conclude that, despite the universality of meteorites as extraterrestrial objects, the variability of legal rules applicable to meteorites depending onto which territory they fall or where they are found. We note, however, that there is a trend toward regulatory uniformity in the scientific analysis of meteorites, which frames the practices of researchers and regulates traders’ activities. Finally, we contend that a meteorite remains a badly defined legal object, because it can be viewed under many angles: as an object susceptible to private appropriation, as a “common thing” (res communis), or as an element of national heritage.
A revised model for the role of GacS/GacA in regulating type III secretion by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000
Authors: O’Malley Megan R. , Chien Ching‐Fang , Peck Scott C. , Lin Nai‐Chun , Anderson Jeffrey C. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryGacS/GacA is a conserved two‐component system that functions as a master regulator of virulence‐associated traits in many bacterial pathogens, including Pseudomonas spp., that collectively infect both plant and animal hosts. Among many GacS/GacA‐regulated traits, type III secretion of effector proteins into host cells plays a critical role in bacterial virulence. In the opportunistic plant and animal pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, GacS/GacA negatively regulates the expression of type III secretion system (T3SS)‐encoding genes. However, in the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae, strain‐to‐strain variation exists in the requirement of GacS/GacA for T3SS deployment, and this variability has limited the development of predictive models of how GacS/GacA functions in this species. In this work we re‐evaluated the function of GacA in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Contrary to previous reports, we discovered that GacA negatively regulates the expression of T3SS genes in DC3000, and that GacA is not required for DC3000 virulence inside Arabidopsis leaf tissue. However, our results show that GacA is required for full virulence of leaf surface‐inoculated bacteria. These data significantly revise current understanding of GacS/GacA in regulating P. syringae virulence.
Endogenous control of inflammatory visceral pain by T cell‐derived opioids in IL‐10‐deficient mice
Authors: Basso Lilian , Benamar Mehdi , Mas‐Orea Xavier , Deraison Céline , Blanpied Catherine , Cenac Nicolas , Saoudi Abdelhadi , Dietrich Gilles 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe opioid‐mediated analgesic activity of mucosal CD4+ T lymphocytes in colitis has been reported in immunocompetent mice so far. Here, we investigated whether CD4+ T lymphocytes alleviate from inflammation‐induced abdominal pain in mice with defective immune regulation.MethodsEndogenous control of visceral pain by opioids locally produced in inflamed mucosa was assessed in IL‐10‐deficient mice.Key ResultsCD4+ T lymphocytes but not F4/80+ macrophages isolated from the lamina propria of IL‐10‐deficient mice with colitis express enkephalin‐containing opioid peptides as assessed by cytofluorometry. Colitis in IL‐10−/− mice was not associated with abdominal pain. Intraperitoneal injection of naloxone‐methiodide, a peripheral opioid receptor antagonist, induced abdominal hypersensitivity in IL‐10−/− mice with colitis.Conclusion and inferencesOpioid‐mediated analgesic activity of mucosal T lymphocytes remains operating in IL‐10−/− mice with impaired immune regulation. The data suggest that endogenous T cell‐derived opioids might reduce inflammation‐induced abdominal pain in inflammatory bowel diseases associated with homozygous “loss of function mutations” in interleukin‐10.
Freedom, foreknowledge, and dependence
Authors: Wasserman Ryan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe idea that some of God's past beliefs depend on our future actions has a long history, going back to Origen in the third century CE. However, it is not always clear what this idea amounts to, since it is not always clear what kind of dependence is at issue. This paper surveys five different interpretations of dependence and, in each case, considers the implications for the debate over theological fatalism. Along the way, we discuss a number of related issues, including the nature of explanation, the scope of metaphysical grounding, and the possibility of backward causation.
Quad Council Coalition community/public health nursing competencies: Building consensus through collaboration
Authors: Campbell Lisa A. , Harmon Monica J. , Joyce Barbara L. , Little Susan H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe changing professional environment for community/public health nursing practice necessitates competencies grounded in current evidence‐based practice. The Quad Council Coalition (QCC) appointed a Task Force to revise the 2011 QCC Competencies for Public Health Nursing. The goal of the competencies is to guide professional nursing practice, curricula, research, and policy development. This paper describes the process used to develop the revised 2018 Competencies.MethodsA biphasic Delphi technique was used to conduct a detailed examination and build consensus. Four individuals representing community/public health practice and education collaborated to identify and implement a systematic process for revising the QCC Competencies. The process included multiple iterations of review and feedback using consistent methods and tools to analyze and synthesize themes.ResultsThe primary result of this project is the 2018 QCC Competencies document that has strong consensus and provides a coherent voice from professionals on the practice of community/public health nursing.DiscussionUse of current QCC Competencies will strengthen the community/public health nursing capacity to positively impact the health and well‐being of populations.
Is Community Attachment a Determinant of Actual Migration? An Estimate of the Social Capital, Linear‐Development, and Systemic Approaches
Authors: Kao Yu‐Hui , Sapp Stephen G. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThis study examined whether community attachment leads to population changes through in‐ and out‐migration (such as migration rates), based on the concepts posited by the social capital, linear‐development, and systemic approaches.MethodsUsing the data of the 2014 Iowa Small Towns Project combined with information from the 2016 American Community Survey, we conducted structural equation modeling to examine the associations between community attachment with respect to its predictors (e.g., population size, median age, length of residence, and social capital) and migration.ResultsThe results showed that the model effectively explained community attachment, and in particular, longer length of residence and higher social capital increased the level of community attachment. However, community attachment did not predict migration rates.ConclusionWhile previous studies found that community attachment is a determinant factor of migration intention, and essentially identical to actual migration, the findings implied that using migration intention or actual migration might yield conflicting results and thus yield different conclusions.
A Matter of Degree? Fear, Anxiety, and Protective Gun Ownership in the United States
Authors: Warner Tara D. , Thrash Courtney R. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThis study examines the effect of crime‐specific fears (worry about crime and perceived risk of crime), violent victimization, and diffuse anxieties (belief in a dangerous world [BDW], general distrust, and belief in others’ violent intentions) on protective gun ownership and involvement in “active” gun behaviors (i.e., gun accessibility in the home and handgun carrying).MethodsWe use data on over 4,000 U.S. adults from the 2017 nationally representative Pew Research Center's American Trends Panel.ResultsFear of crime and perceived risks are largely unrelated to gun ownership, yet violent victimization influences protective ownership, which in turn influences gun accessibility. Additionally, diffuse fears and anxieties also matter for protective ownership and accessibility, with some effects explained by political party affiliation. Broader, general distrust of others is associated with owners’ frequency of carrying their handgun outside of the home.ConclusionThe results highlight the complexity of the fear‐guns link, with multiple dimensions of fear and experience at work.
Public Service or Propaganda? How Americans Evaluate Political Advocacy by Executive Agencies
Authors: Henderson Michael , Hamilton John Maxwell 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveExecutive agencies of the federal government frequently engage in explicit political advocacy, exhorting the public to adopt policy positions and engage in political actions. This advocacy conflicts with legal restrictions on unelected bureaucrats. It is unclear what the public thinks of this kind of advocacy. We assess whether Americans judge this advocacy based on principles about acceptable political processes or based on policy goals.MethodsWe use observational and experimental data from two national surveys of American adults to assess the role of policy preferences in acceptance of political advocacy by executive agencies.FindingsWe find that Americans approve a broad range of public communications from executive agencies, but approval of political appeals is highly sensitive to whether an individual shares the policy goal of the agency.ConclusionsPolicy agreement, rather than preferences about process, drives Americans' attitudes toward this kind of advocacy. Americans support political advocacy by executive agencies when it dovetails with their own policy preferences or partisanship and oppose it when these agencies advocate for policies that contradict their own preferences or partisanship. Indeed, they do not draw any distinction between unelected bureaucrats and elected politicians when it comes to evaluating these forms of advocacy.
Measuring differential access to facilities between population groups using spatial Lorenz curves and related indices
Authors: Cromley Gordon A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccess to certain types of facilities can promote health and well‐being. When population and facilities are not uniformly distributed across the landscape, inequities in accessibility may occur. Current research into GIS‐based accessibility measures has focused primarily on spatial inequities between different geographic locations but not directly on differences in accessibility between subgroups of the population. The research presented here develops a new method for measuring differential accessibility to facilities between various segments of the population. The method extends concepts and techniques in spatial point pattern analysis that account for the spatial structure of demand and its relationship to supply. In this approach, the traditional Lorenz curve and its associated indices, the Gini coefficient and the dissimilarity index, which are used to measure inequality, are recast in spatial terms for measuring differences in accessibility between population subgroups. An analysis of spatial accessibility to grocery stores in Akron, OH illustrates the value of the spatial Lorenz curve and its associated indices compared to other methods.
Cadaveric evaluation of fluoroscopy‐assisted placement of one‐lung ventilation devices for video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery in dogs
Authors: Mayhew Philipp D. , Chohan Amandeep , Hardy Brian T. , Singh Ameet , Case J. Brad , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Culp William T. N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of fluoroscopy‐assisted placement of one‐lung ventilation (OLV) devices in dogs.Study designExperimental study.Sample populationCanine cadavers (n = 8) weighing between 20.2 and 37.4 kg.MethodsThoracoscopic access with a two‐port approach was established to evaluate bilateral lung ventilation patterns. Advancement of a left‐sided Robertshaw double‐lumen endobronchial tube (DLT) and the EZ‐blocker (EZ) were evaluated under direct fluoroscopic guidance. Each dog also underwent bronchoscopy‐assisted placement of an Arndt endobronchial blocker (EBB). Time to initial placement, success of creating complete OLV (after initial placement attempt and after up to two repositionings), and ease of placement score were recorded. Device position was evaluated bronchoscopically after each fluoroscopy‐assisted placement attempt.ResultsTime to initial placement was significantly shorter for EZ than for DLT and EBB. The rate of successful placement after up to two repositioning attempts was 87.5%, 87.5%, and 100.0% on the right and 87.5%, 100.0%, 100.0% on the left for DLT, EZ, and EBB, respectively, and was not different between devices. Ease of placement scores were significantly higher for DLT compared with EZ and EBB on both the left and the right sides.ConclusionFluoroscopy‐assisted placement of DLT and EZ appears feasible in canine cadavers. EZ‐blocker placement was efficient and technically easier than DLT, but positioning must be adapted for dogs. Bronchoscopy‐assisted placement of EBB remains highly successful.Clinical significanceFluoroscopy‐assisted placement of EZ and DLT is a useful alternative to bronchoscopy‐assisted placement of these OLV devices.
Siblings' play and language shift to English in a Malay‐English bilingual family in Singapore
Authors: Mirvahedi Seyed Hadi , Cavallaro Francesco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis research applies language socialization theory within a family language policy framework to investigate how language shift is realized in daily activities within a Malay‐English bilingual family in Singapore. Applying Goffman's frame analysis to two excerpts of siblings’ play from ninety hours of recordings of family interactions, we illustrate how children as young as four and seven enact adult roles such as teacher and student within the frame of play. In creatively enacting these roles, identities and social relations, the children draw upon their knowledge of play‐external structures – with which they have experience from other (non‐play) situations. The children consequently use English – what is typical of educational settings in Singapore – to portray an image of a teacher and student within the frame of play.