bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Öğretmen Adaylarının Eğitim İnançlarının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: BERKANT Hasan Güner , ÖZASLAN Dildar 
Published: April 2019

Bu araştırmanın genel amacı,
öğretmen adaylarının benimsedikleri eğitim inançlarının çeşitli değişkenler
açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini sınıf öğretmenliği, fen
bilgisi öğretmenliği ve pedagojik formasyon programlarında öğrenim gören 303
öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri Yılmaz, Altınkurt ve Çokluk
(2011) tarafından geliştirilen Eğitim İnançları Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır.
Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının en çok benimsedikleri eğitim inancının
varoluşçuluk, en az benimsedikleri eğitim inancının ise esasicilik olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının eğitim inancı puanları arasında
cinsiyetlerine, öğrenim gördükleri program ve anne-babalarının tutum tiplerine
göre anlamlı fark bulunmazken, ilerlemecilik eğitim inancı puanları arasında
öğrenci merkezli yaklaşımı benimseyenler lehine, esasicilik eğitim inancı
puanları arasında öğretmen merkezli yaklaşımı benimseyenler lehine anlamlı
farkların olduğu, ayrıca ilerlemecilik ve esasicilik eğitim inancı puanları
arasında konu odaklı dersleri uygun görenler lehine anlamlı fark olduğu
belirlenmiştir.
Comparative study of hypertonic saline nasal douching versus normal saline nasal douching in post operative endoscopic sinus surgery patients
Authors: Tripathy Smruti Milan , Panda Rakhee 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasal douching is routinely done in the post operative functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) patients. Douching helps to clear the nasal cavity of crusts, clots and any infected debris and also promotes quicker mucosal healing.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 60 patients who underwent FESS in the ENT department were selected for the study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 patients were subjected to nasal douching using hypertonic saline (3%) in the post operative period while the group 2 patients used isotonic saline (0.9%) for nasal douching. Patients were followed up on the 7<sup>th</sup>, 15<sup>th</sup> and 30<sup>th</sup> post operative day and various parameters were compared using nasal endoscopy, saccharine clearance test, sinonasal outcome test questionnaire (SNOT-22) and visual analogue scale (VAS). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Group 1 patients who used hypertonic saline for nasal douching had a better symptom score on 30<sup>th</sup> post operative day in SNOT-22 and VAS (p&lt;0.05 in both) as compared with the group 2 patients who used isotonic saline for nasal douching. More patients in group 1 had a healthy and normal appearance of nasal mucosa on endoscopic examination as compared with group 2. There was not much significant difference in the mucocilliary clearance test (MCT) scores of both the group patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Patients who used hypertonic saline for douching in the post operative period were found to have lesser crusting, nasal obstruction as compared to those who used isotonic saline for douching.</p>
ÁREA DE SEGURANÇA MILITAR: CONFLITO COM OS DIREITOS CONSTITUCIONAIS DE DELIMITAÇÃO, DEMARCAÇÃO E PROPRIEDADE GARANTIDOS AOS QUILOMBOLAS SOBRE AS TERRAS OCUPADAS
Authors: Bizawu Kiwonghi , Costa Ulisses Espártacus De Souza , Rosa Flávio Henrique 
Published: April 2019

<p>O presente artigo tem como escopo analisar o conflito da Marinha Militar brasileira com os remanescentes de quilombolas na disputa por terras posteriormente designadas como áreas de segurança do Estado. A Constituição Federal de 1988 reconhece o direito de titularidade da propriedade das terras ocupadas pelos quilombolas, desde que comprovem o lastro com a terra, e sua longínqua ocupação. O artigo 68 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias (ADCT) garante aos remanescentes das comunidades dos quilombos que estejam ocupando terras públicas ou privadas, o reconhecimento da propriedade definitiva, devendo o Estado emitir os respectivos títulos. Tal reconhecimento é fruto de duras lutas do movimento negro e de atores que se dedicam à causa graciosamente em busca da prevalência do direito de igualdade e da dignidade da pessoa humana. Observa-se que, mesmo com os aparatos de proteção aos quilombolas, a Marinha Brasileira insiste em litigar por determinadas áreas onde existe ocupação, sobre a alegação de constituírem zonas de segurança militar essencial. A manutenção da posse abusivamente perpetua a marginalização dos Afrodescendentes no Brasil. Utilizar-se-á o método indutivo abarcado em uma pesquisa descritiva com base na legislação pátria. </p>
Challenges and Opportunities of Laboratory diagnosis of Dengue virus infection: a review
Authors: Mwanyika Gaspary Oigen , Misinzo Gerald , Rugarabamu Sima , Sindato Calvin , Mboera Leonard 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Globally, dengue is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral diseases. Lack of effective vaccines and specific therapy against the disease threaten global health. Reliance on clinical diagnosis is complex due to clinical manifestations which resemble other diseases. This review examined various challenges of current dengue laboratory diagnoses, emerging technological opportunities and highlights considerations for future dengue diagnoses.
Methods: A literature search from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases was done from October 2018 to January 2019. Thematic descriptive analysis was done for all qualitative data and quantitative data analysis for computation of sensitivity and specificity of selected diagnostic tests at 95% confidence was done using R software (v3.4.4, mada package).
The results: A total of 128 articles was reviewed. The current dengue laboratory diagnoses include (i) virus isolation (ii) detection of nucleic acid (iii) detection of non-structural protein 1(NS1) antigen and (iv) detection of anti-dengue antibodies. Assessment of diagnostic performance shows that reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgM ELISA) have high and consistent sensitivity (82.6% to 99.2% and 92.8% to 97.8%, respectively) and specificity (78.8% to 100% and 80.3% to 99%, respectively) compared to NS1 ELISA and NS1 commercial rapid tests with sensitivity (53.7% to 96.2% and 49.7% to 99.5%, respectively) and specificity (34.5% to 93.8% and 63.8% to 98.6%, respectively). Major challenges of dengue laboratory diagnosis include lack of reliable tests for routine purposes. Routine dengue tests are mainly serological, which are not suitable for discriminating dengue virus from other infecting flaviviruses due to cross-reactivity, narrow window of diagnosis due to short virus life cycle and inconsistent performance of commercial rapid tests. New technologies such as biosensors and nanobodies are being developed to improve sensitivity, specificity, detection time and reduce the cost. However, the performance of these new tools under field condition is unknown.
Conclusion: Currently, RT-PCR and IgM ELISA are the most sensitive and specific dengue diagnostic tests, despite their limitations. Future research should explore emerging technologies to improve the sensitivity and specificity of dengue diagnostics.
Differentially expressed microRNAs under imidacloprid exposure and identification in Sitobion avenae
Authors: Zhang Baizhong , Liu Jun-Jie , Lu Liu-yang , Xie Lan-Fen , Chen Xi-Ling , Zhang Shouping 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUD

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of target genes, especially regulation or metabolism of endogenous or xenobiotic compounds.

RESULTS

The de novo assembly of the transcriptomes was obtained through Illumina short-read sequencing technology in Sitobion avenae. 57 miRNAs, of which 36 were known and 21 were novel were identified. Quantitative expression levels of miRNA showed that the expression of 5 miRNAs were significant up-regulation, and the expression of 11 miRNAs were significant down-regulation in the nymph of S. avenae treated by imidacloprid compared to the control, respectively. The putative transcript target genes in S. avenae that could be regulated by these miRNAs were also carried out. The potential functions of these miRNAs in the regulation of genes involved in the metabolism, regulatory or detoxification of S. avenae were clarified based on Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway. The effects of these miRNAs identified api-miR-1000, api-miR-316, and api-miR-iab-4 on susceptibility of S. avenae to imidacloprid was determined. Modulation of the abundance of api-miR-1000, api-miR-316, and api-miR-iab-4 through the addition of inhibitors of api-miR-1000, api-miR-316, and api-miR-iab-4 to the artificial diet significantly altered the susceptibility of S. avenae to imidacloprid, which further proved that the regulatory role of these miRNAs in regulation or metabolism of insecticides.

CONCLUSION

It suggested that differentially expressed microRNAs under the stress of imidacloprid could play critical regulatory role in the resistance of S. avenae to imidacloprid.
Significant Seed Oil Feedstocks for Renewable Production of Biodiesel: A Review
Authors: Ikram Mirza Muhammad , Hanif Muhammad Asif , Khan Ghufrana Samin , Rashid Umer , Nadeem Farwa 
Published: April 2019

:
The rapidly increasing demand for biodiesel is now tying agriculture and energy
more closely than ever. Biodiesel may be one of the key ways to pump immediate
life into the flaccid economy of many underdeveloped countries. The present review critically
describes leading potential feedstocks available for biodiesel production based on a
full life-cycle analysis which comprises major producer countries, important cultivation
practices and major fatty acid compositions of the produced biodiesel. This article provides
a comprehensive approach about the twenty leading plant sources which can contribute
to enhance biodiesel production throughout the world along with their production
methodologies, physical and chemical fuel quality parameters and analytical techniques
for the assessment of the quality of the prepared biodiesel. Biodiesel has become further
interesting in recent years because of its eco-friendly benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable and
sustainable resources. A wide literature review was conducted and the major fatty acid composition of various
vegetable oils was discussed as it significantly affects biodiesel properties. Lipids obtained from filamentous
fungi, for example, Cunninghamella echinulata exhibit great promise for biofuel production. Finally, this review
will be helpful in promoting the development of biodiesel by several countries not only by extending scientific
research and knowledge but also through the introduction of policies and expressing reasons underlying
these policies.

Conclusion:
This review explains the potential feedstocks for renewable production of biodiesel.
Partial Order in Environmental Chemistry
Authors: Bruggemann Rainer , Carlsen Lars 
Published: April 2019

Background:The theory of partial order is a branch of Discrete Mathematics and is often seen as pretty esoteric. However, depending on a suitable definition of an order relation, partial order theory has some statistical flavor. Here we introduce the application of partial order for environmental chemistry.Objective :We showed that partial order is an instrument, which at the same time, has both data exploration - and evaluation potency.Methods:The partial order theory was applied in this study. It depends on four indicators which describe the environmental hazards of chemicals.Results :Nineteen organic chemicals were found within a monitoring study in the German river Main and were taken as an exemplary case. The results indicated that chemicals can have a high risk on the environment, however, the type of risk is different and should not conceptually merge into a single quantity.Conclusions:Partial order theory is of help to define different regulations and environmental management plans.
Applications liposome in cancer drug delivery and treatment: A review
Authors: Pathak Dr.Nandish , Pathak Dr. Pratim 
Published: April 2019

In the world the biggest challenges to cure the cancer because of the abnormal cancer cells growth in the human body which is near to uncontrollable. These cells known as the malignant cell because it produced the cancer. There are several treatments for cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation treatment etc. however such treatments have major side effects like normal cell got killed, loss of hair, the surgery person skill also in consideration and high chances of reoccurrences. Due to such side effects these treatment drugs are less popular. To reduces such side effects the liposomal based treatments are the most preferable solution. The liposomes are the phospholipid bilayer vesicles and it has high encapsulation capacity. Therefore, liposomal based treatment plays significant role in the cancer treatment with less toxicity and other many advantages. The liposomal based drug pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and daunorubicin have advanced effect in the body. Furthermore, the development of the liposomes as immunoliposomes, ligand targeted and molecular targeting. This review explores the liposomal based drug delivery system, its advance effect on the cancer cells and clinically approve liposomes formulations.
»Abwanderung und Widerspruch«. Zur Aktualität eines analytischen Konzepts des 20. für das 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Arndt Agnes 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Albert O. Hirschman’s Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States (1970, in German 1974) deconstructs a stereotype of economic behavior that large parts of social sciences define and analyze as rational and goal-oriented. Hirschman confronts the image of a rational and efficient economy, constantly working towards maximizing output, with the fluctuation and deterioration of its performance. Exit and Voice constitute, according to Hirschman, the fundamental mechanisms available to counteract this tendency for performance decline. He introduces market and non-market forces into his analysis, thereby addressing both economic and political mechanisms, in order to advance the mutual recognition of both disciplines, which Hirschman deems insufficient. At the time of its publication, Hirschman’s study was appreciated for its cross-disciplinary approach. In the eyes of the author however, what grants the book current relevance is its analytical compatibility with devastating present-day problems.
REVENUE DISTRIBUTION FROM FEDERATION ACCOUNT AND MONEY SUPPLY: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
Authors: OMODERO Cordelia Onyinyechi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMoney supply in every economy is very vital for economic growth and stability. However, the role of revenue distribution in ensuring the success of monetary policies revolving around money supply in Nigeria cannot be over-estimated. The study examines the impact of revenue distribution to the three tiers of government on money supply (MSS) in Nigeria. Time series data used for the study estimation span from 1981-2016 and were obtained from CBN statistical bulletin, 2016 edition and World Bank website. The specific purpose of the study is to establish the extent to which revenue allocation to federal, state, local governments and derivation allowance to the mineral producing states affect money circulating in the Nigerian economy. Ordinary least square method (OLS) was employed with the aid of SPSS version 20 to test the impact of revenue distribution on money supply. The findings reveal that revenue allocation to federal government has a significant positive impact on money supply. Allocation to local government councils has insignificant positive impact on money supply. On the contrary, allocation to states and the derivation allowance to Niger Delta States exert significant negative influence on MSS in Nigeria. The study concludes that, revenue allocation to states and derivation allowance contribute to inflation in the country and recommended stringent monetary policies that will determine the percentage of allocated revenue usage by all tiers of government in a particular period to avoid too much money in circulation. Keywords: Revenue distribution, allocation, money supply, economic stability, derivation.JEL CODE: E51, E64.
Medialization and Stabilization of the Middle Turbinate using a Nasal Septal Flap in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Abelardo Edgardo , Sanuki Tetsuji , Yumoto Eiji 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: To propose a simple technique to preserve, medialize and stabilize the middle turbinate through a planned medial synechiae formation using a nasal septal flap

Methods:

Study Design: Case series, surgical innovation
Setting: Tertiary hospital (Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan)
Participants, Patients or Population: Six patients suffering from chronic sinusitis unresponsive to medication. The indication for doing this technique was unstable turbinates after removal of diseased mucosa.

Results: Twelve weeks after surgery, the patients reported significant resolution of symptoms (headache, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, post-nasal drip and loss of smell). CT and endoscopic findings likewise revealed clear ostio-meatal complex, drained sinuses, and complete removal of polypoid mucosa. No major side effects were noted.

Conclusions: This technique is especially encouraged when surgeons encounter an unstable middle turbinate after removing massive pathologic mucosal lesions. This is a preliminary report and further investigations are being carried out to validate the technique.

Keywords: medial synechiae, nasal septal flap, ostio-meatal complex
Intranasal Corticosteroids for the Medical Management of Nasal Polyps in Adults: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Almazan-Aguilar Natividad A. 
Published: April 2019

Background: This systematic review aims to strengthen evidence of beneficial effects of intranasal corticosteroids on the medical treatment of adults diagnosed with nasal polyps.

Objectives: (1) To determine the efficacy of short term (2 to 4 weeks) and long term (4 to 12 weeks and > 12 weeks) of intranasal corticosteroids in the reduction of polyp size and rhinitis symptoms. (2). To determine the difference in efficacy of a 400 ug and 800 ug dose. (3) To determine adverse effects of intranasal steroids.

Study Design and Selection Criteria: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on intranasal steroids for nasal polyps. Patient-oriented outcomes were reduction of polyp size and overall reduction of rhinitis symptoms.

Search Strategy: Comprehensive search of Cochrane's Controlled Trials Registry (CCTR) Issue 2, 2003, Medline 1966 to 2002, and Embase 1974 - 2002 bibliographic review, requests for information from authors and pharmaceutical companies.

Data collection and analysis: Sixteen studies were evaluated for inclusion, and trial quality, validity assessment, and completion of data extraction were done. Ordinal data on rhinitis and polyp scores for each study were pooled to generate relative risks. Homogeneity was assessed using approximate chi-square tests. Preset p value of < 0.10 was deemed significant for heterogeneity. Data were analyzed using software program Revman 4.1(Update Software, Oxford). Sensitivity analysis was done for those outcomes with significant heterogeneity.

Results and Conclusion: Fourteen studies found significant benefit for the use of intranasal steroids in reduction of polyp size with 2-4 weeks treatment (RR=3.00; 95% Cl: 2.39, 3.77).
Overall rhinitis symptoms decreased significantly (RR=1.64; 95% Cl: 1.25, 2.14) with 4-12 weeks treatment, with a tendency for reduction of rhinitis symptoms (RR=1.41; 95% Cl: 1.05, 1.91) with more than 12 weeks treatment. Throat irritation was significantly increased (RR=2.06; 95% Cl 1.31, 3.25). There was no difference in overall rhinitis symptoms (RR=0.91; 95% Cl:0.77, 1.07) with 400 ug and 800 ug doses.

Keywords: polyp, nose, steroids, intranasal steroids, glucocorticosteroid
Self-Retaining Harpoon Tympanostomy Tube with Applicator
Authors: Aguila Konrad P. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To describe a novel harpoon design for a low cost, self retaining tympanostomy tube with applicator used in a 38-year-old female for otitis media with effusion.
Methods:

Study design: Instrumental Innovation/Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Hospital in Metro Manila

Results: The tympanostomy tube was inserted under endoscopic guidance within 10 seconds, remained in place for two months with relief of symptoms, and spontaneously extruded by the seventh month of follow-up.
Conclusion: The harpoon-designed tube with applicator provided ease of insertion and good anchorage in the tympanic membrane. Maximizing the use of a stylet-needle as both perforator and applicator simplified the tympanostomy and ventilating tube insertion procedures into a single maneuver.

Key words: middle ear ventilation, tympanostomy tube insertion, grommet insertion, instrumentation
Competency in End-of-Life Care among ENT – HNS Consultants and Residents: A Multi-Center Study
Authors: Quiambao Arnelle Y. , Pio-Gulapan Flordelina E. 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: To determine the competency in end of life care of Ear, Nose, Throat – Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS) consultants and residents using the domains of knowledge, skills and attitudes as measures of competency and to identify opportunities for improvement in end of life care education

Method:
Design: Cross- sectional survey
Setting: Five tertiary hospitals in Metro Manila
Subjects: 52 ENT-HNS consultants and residents

Results: The majority of the respondents scored low across the knowledge, attitude and skills domains. Majority the respondents (67%) were low in the knowledge domain. More than half of the respondents (58%) demonstrated negative attitudes towards end- of-life care while majority of the respondents (56%) had low skills scores. Similarly, more than half (67%) of the respondents showed low over-all competence in end of life care.

Conclusion: The majority of the respondents scored low across all three domains that were used to measure the competency in end of life care. These findings may suggest a need to strengthen the ENT- HNS practitioners’ education in end-of-life care.

Keywords: end of life care, palliative care, terminal care
Coblation for Congenital Microglossia in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Authors: Marino Melanie Y. , Vicente Gil M. , Chua Antonio H. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To present a rare case of congenital macroglossia managed with radiofrequency ablation.
Methods:
Design: Case report
Setting: Tertiary government hospital
Patient: One
Results: A case of a congenital macroglossia in a 4-year old female with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome is presented. Neither breathing nor swallowing difficulty was associated with the enlarged tongue. Coblation-assisted ablation of the tongue deformity was performed. There was minimal bleeding, pain and swelling postoperatively. Tongue mobility and taste sensation were unaffected.
Conclusion: A new and more conservative approach to surgery for congenital macroglossia using radiofrequency ablation (coblation) has been described. Coblation-assisted ablation of lingual tissue may be an effective therapy for patients with macroglossia providing satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcome.
Key words: macroglossia, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, coblation