bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MPM simulation of interacting fluids and solids
Authors: Yan X. , Li C‐F. , Chen X‐S. , Hu S‐M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe material point method (MPM) has attracted increasing attention from the graphics community, as it combines the strengths of both particle‐ and grid‐based solvers. Like the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) scheme, MPM uses particles to discretize the simulation domain and represent the fundamental unknowns. This makes it insensitive to geometric and topological changes, and readily parallelizable on a GPU. Like grid‐based solvers, MPM uses a background mesh for calculating spatial derivatives, providing more accurate and more stable results than a purely particle‐based scheme. MPM has been very successful in simulating both fluid flow and solid deformation, but less so in dealing with multiple fluids and solids, where the dynamic fluid‐solid interaction poses a major challenge. To address this shortcoming of MPM, we propose a new set of mathematical and computational schemes which enable efficient and robust fluid‐solid interaction within the MPM framework. These versatile schemes support simulation of both multiphase flow and fully‐coupled solid‐fluid systems. A series of examples is presented to demonstrate their capabilities and performance in the presence of various interacting fluids and solids, including multiphase flow, fluid‐solid interaction, and dissolution.
Adverse cutaneous reactions to skin care products on the face vary with age, but not with sex
Authors: Huang Li‐ning , Zhong Yi‐ping , Liu Dan , Wang Xiao‐hua , Gong Can‐yi , Wen Si , Elias Peter M. , Yang Bin , Man Mao‐Qiang 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundAdverse skin reactions to skin care products have been increasing in recent years. However, to date, these reactions have not been well characterized.ObjectiveTo describe the symptoms, clinical signs and frequency of adverse cutaneous reactions to skin care products on the face in males vs females of various ages.Patients and methodsAll outpatients diagnosed with adverse cutaneous reactions to skin care products on the face examined by dermatologists at the Dermatology Hospital of South Medical University between November 1, 2016 and October 31, 2017, employing a questionnaire and an interview, were eligible. The associations of adverse cutaneous reactions with age and sex were analysed.ResultsA total of 433 outpatients, accounting for 0.12% of all outpatients, were assessed. Of these, 223 patients, including 204 females and 19 males, aged 4 to 75 years, were eventually diagnosed with adverse reactions to skin care products on the face. Eighty‐two per cent of patients experienced pruritus, 80% showed erythema, and 48% showed visible swelling. The incidence rates of both xerosis and oedema correlated positively with age, whereas acne‐like lesions were negatively associated with age, but not with sex.ConclusionsOur results indicate that pruritus, xerosis and erythema are common adverse cutaneous reactions to facial skin care products. These reactions vary with age, but not with sex. Vigorous safety testing should precede the marketing of skin care products.
876. AGAPANTHUS CAMPANULATUS
Authors: Singh Yashica , Baijnath Himansu 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Agapanthus campanulatus F.M. Leighton, an endemic from southern Africa is illustrated and described. Its relationship to closely related species is depicted in a key to the Section Lilacinipollini Zonn. Notes on the history, contemporary changes in taxonomy and cultivation of the genus are included.
Periodontal status of anterior teeth following clinical crown lengthening by minimally traumatic controlled surgical extrusion
Authors: Pham Hien Tin , Nguyen Phuc Anh , Pham Thuy Anh Vu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground/AimsThe number of fractured anterior teeth following trauma has been increasing while not every patient is able to afford a dental implant instead of maintaining the injured tooth. Thus, a tooth conservation solution is required to place an aesthetic and functional restoration without biologic width violation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of minimally traumatic controlled surgical extrusion in fractured anterior teeth crown lengthening by assessing the periodontal status through clinical examination and radiographs.MethodsThis longitudinal observational study investigated a group of 18 patients (six males and 12 females) at the Department of Periodontology, National Hospital of Odonto‐stomatology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Following pre‐surgery procedures and examination, minimally traumatic controlled surgical extrusion was carried out using a periotome. Patients were examined at four follow‐up appointments after 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months to record the following experimental variables: periodontal parameters including the gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), mobility, marginal gingiva position, alveolar ridge resorption, periapical osteogenesis, tooth resorption and ankylosis.ResultsAll periodontal parameters were significantly decreased at 3 and 6 months post‐procedure (P < 0.001). Tooth mobility decreased gradually following surgery, and at 6 months, all teeth became normal at level 0. Periapical osteogenesis changes were significantly increased at 1, 3 and 6 months in comparison with pre‐surgery (P < 0.001). Marginal gingiva position and alveolar ridge resorption were not significantly different between pre‐surgery and 1, 3 and 6 months post‐surgery. No cases of root resorption or ankylosis were observed at 6 months post‐surgery.ConclusionA minimally traumatic controlled surgical extrusion technique for clinical crown lengthening yielded highly successful results in both aesthetic and functional aspects, and no cases had unfavourable outcomes during the 6‐month follow‐up period.
Risk factors for traumatic dental injuries in the Brazilian population: A critical review
Authors: Soares Thais Rodrigues Campos , Magno Marcela Baraúna , Jural Lucas Alves , Loureiro Jessica Muniz , Chianca Thomaz Kauark , de Andrade Risso Patrícia , Maia Lucianne Cople 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground/AimsStrategies for the prevention of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) should consider the risk factors involved for each population studied. The aim of this study was to perform a critical review regarding the risk factors for TDI in the Brazilian population.Materials and MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in the MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, and BBO databases using MeSH terms, synonyms, and keywords, with no language or date restrictions. In the first step, all relevant studies identified, regardless of the type of statistical analysis performed, were grouped according to their geographic location. In a second step, the studies using Andreasen's criteria to classify the injuries and multivariate analysis to identify the risk factors for TDI in Brazilian subjects were included for data extraction.ResultsThe search strategy initially identified 3373 articles. However, only 108 articles assessed TDI with predisposing factors and were included in the first step. From those, 28 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the second step. No consensus related to the relationship between gender and TDI in the primary dentition was achieved. Nonetheless, males were found to be more prone to trauma in the permanent dentition. Overjet, inadequate lip sealing and anterior open bite increased the risk for TDI, both in primary and permanent dentitions. Social environment was related to trauma only in primary dentition. For permanent dentition, dental caries, obesity, binge drinking, and drug use were identified as considerable risk factors for TDI.ConclusionThe risk factors for TDI in the Brazilian population are similar to those found worldwide. However, some differences can be observed, such as gender and socioeconomic indicators as predisposing factors.
Exploring the demarcation requirements of fish breeding and nursery sites to balance the exploitation, management and conservation needs of Lake Victoria ecosystem
Authors: Aura Christopher Mulanda , Nyamweya Chrisphine Sangara , Njiru James M. , Musa Safina , Ogari Zachary , May Linda , Wakwabi Enock 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFisheries resources in vital freshwater ecosystems have been reported to be under immense threat, resulting in conflicts between conservation, management and exploitation. This study established requirements for identifying and mapping fish breeding and nursery grounds in such ecosystems in the Kenyan part of Lake Victoria. The criteria were characterised by the use of indigenous knowledge, field data, literature on breeding sites, macroinvertebrates distribution, larval and relative fish abundances, digitisation, participatory mapping, and periodic sampling. Data were collected from trawl and seine net surveys. Digitisation and mapping of the proposed conservation sites were carried out using Quantum GIS software. Participatory physical demarcation of sites was done using buoys and markers. Larval and juvenile fishes were diverse and abundant in all seven river mouths and six bays surveyed with little variance; an important aspect of breeding areas. Additionally, a preponderance of macroinvertebrates and high fish diversity compared with offshore sites in the lake strengthened the hypothesis that these are critical habitats for spawning and preferred habitats for nurseries for fish. The approach can be adopted globally to guarantee the long‐term integrity of critical fish habitats for sustainable fisheries management and blue growth.
The palaeontological record of the Anthropocene
Authors: Williams Mark , Zalasiewicz Jan , Waters Colin , Himson Stephen , Summerhayes Colin , Barnosky Anthony , Leinfelder Reinhold 
Published: September 2018

Most species on planet Earth have specific ecological ranges. In the near surface of the oceans, planktonic foraminifera define water masses that are warm in the tropics, and cold in polar regions. Tropical rainforests have trees and animals that are distinct from those in warm temperate or cold temperate zones. The fauna and flora of Australia are distinct from those of the Americas. These natural patterns, defined by factors such as latitudinal changes in surface temperature and rainfall, or geographical isolation, have evolved over millions, sometimes tens of millions of years. Now this natural pattern is being overprinted by the actions of a single species, Homo sapiens, which has made the whole Earth its ecological range, and some parts of nearby space too. The human ancestral pattern of gradually increasing impact on the Earth can be traced in the stratigraphic record for nearly 3 million years, and in its later and more pervasive phases may serve to help define a biostratigraphical signal for the Anthropocene Epoch.
Flipped learning readiness in teaching programming in middle schools: Modelling its relation to various variables
Authors: Yildiz Durak Hatice 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of students' flipped learning readiness (FLR) on engagement, programming self‐efficacy, attitude towards programming, and interaction intensity in the information and technology classrooms where programming is taught with the flipped classroom (FC) model. The study group of this research, which is designed by the relational screening method, consists of 371 students studying in middle school. Structural equation model was used for the data analysis. The results of the study revealed that FLR and its indicators in the programming teaching conducted with the FC model are significant predictors of engagement, attitude, programming self‐efficacy, and interaction intensity. FLR is most strongly related to programming self‐efficacy, whereas it is most weakly related to interaction. The most striking result of this study is that the FC model is an effective option in terms of providing engagement, interaction, self‐efficacy, and learner attitude, which are the key components for the success of the instruction. It is thought that this study assists to create an awareness on the impact of FLR on students, on subjects that frame in‐class attitudes, and behaviours of students.
Circular RNAs: Methodological challenges and perspectives in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Carrara Matteo , Fuschi Paola , Ivan Cristina , Martelli Fabio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCircular RNAs are generated by back‐splicing of precursor‐mRNAs. Although they have been known for many years, only recently we have started to appreciate their widespread expression and their regulatory functions in a variety of biological processes. Not surprisingly, circular RNA dysregulation and participation in the pathogenic mechanisms have started to emerge in many instances, including cardiovascular diseases. Detection, differential expression analysis and validation are the three critical points for the characterization of any RNA, and circular RNAs are no exception. Their characteristics, however, generate several problems that are yet to be completely addressed, and literature still lacks comprehensive definitions of well‐defined best practices. We present a map of the current knowledge regarding circular RNAs and the critical issues limiting our understanding of their regulation and function. The goal was to provide the readers with the tools to critically decide which of the many approaches available is most suitable to their experimental plan. Although particularly focused on cardiovascular diseases, most critical issues concerning circular RNAs are common to many other fields of investigation.
Political Science and the Eurozone Crisis. A Review of Scientific Journal Articles 2004–15
Authors: Höing Oliver , Kunstein Tobias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe take a closer look at how political science engaged with Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) over a period of 12 years (2004–15). How intensively, and with what focus, have political science journals dealt with EMU? How has the scientific discourse on the topic changed with the outbreak of the global financial crisis, which led to a eurozone crisis?Our systematic, qualitative analysis of articles (N=161) dealing with EMU in selected peer‐reviewed political science journals yields a number of interesting findings. First, we observe marked differences between the pre‐ and post‐crisis period. Specifically, political science has increasingly taken up issues of financial regulation and questions of trust in a monetary union. Second, political scientists did not engage as much as expected with the democratic ramifications of the crisis management. Finally, different crisis narratives persist, and none have been completely refuted.
Current status of the management of fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea: Towards the integrated pest management development
Authors: Edosa Tariku T. , Jo Yong H. , Keshavarz Maryam , Anh Young Sang , Noh Mi Young , Han Yeon S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe fall‐webworm (FWW), Hyphantria cunea, is a highly polyphagous insect pest that is native to North America and distributed in different countries around the world. To manage this insect pest, various control methods have been independently evaluated in the invaded areas. Some of the control methods have been limited to the laboratory and need further study to verify their effectiveness in the field. On the other hand, currently, integrated pest management (IPM) has become a promising ecofriendly insect pest management option to reduce the adverse effect of insecticides on the environment. The development of an IPM for an insect pest must combine different management options in a compatible and applicable manner. In the native areas of the insect pests, there are some recommended management options. However, to date, there is no IPM for the management of the FWW in the newly invaded areas. Therefore, to develop an IPM for this insect pest, compilation of effective management option information is the first step. Thus, believing in the contribution of an IPM to the established management strategies, the chemical, biological, natural enemy, sex pheromone, and molecular studies regarding this insect were reviewed and potential future research areas were delineated in this review study. Therefore, using the currently existing management options, IPM development for this insect pest should be the subject of future research in the newly invaded areas.
Racial Differences in Cause‐Specific Mortality Between Community‐Dwelling Older Black and White Adults
Authors: Marron Megan M. , Ives Diane G. , Boudreau Robert M. , Harris Tamara B. , Newman Anne B. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo understand which causes of death are higher in black than white community‐dwelling older adults and determine whether differences in baseline risk factors explain racial differences in mortality.DesignLongitudinal cohort study (Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study).SettingPittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Memphis, Tennessee.ParticipantsBlack and white men and women aged 70 to 79 during recruitment (N=3,075; 48% men, 42% black) followed for a median of 13 years.MeasurementsA committee of physicians adjudicated cause of death, which was categorized as cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, cancer, dementia, pulmonary, infection, kidney, or other causes. Using competing risks regression, we examined whether known risk factors at baseline (demographic characteristics, smoking, body mass index, chronic diseases, physical function, cognition) could explain racial differences in cause‐specific mortality risk.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 1,991 (65%) participants died. Black participants died at higher rates from cancer (hazard ratio (HR)=1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.14–1.63), kidney disease (HR=2.09, 95% CI=1.16–3.74), stroke (HR=1.31, 95% CI=0.98–1.76); and CVD (HR=1.16, 95% CI=0.98–1.37). Poorer physical and cognitive performance at baseline among black participants explained most of the racial difference in risks of dying from kidney disease, stroke, and CVD but not cancer. When examining types of cancer deaths, black participants died at higher rates from multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer, which baseline risk factors did not explain either.ConclusionFactors contributing to poorer physical and cognitive performance in similarly aged black men and women could be targets to reduce excess mortality from CVD, stroke, and kidney disease. More work is needed to identify factors contributing to cancer mortality disparities.
Studying the sensory ecology of frog‐biting midges (Corethrellidae: Diptera) and their frog hosts using ecological interaction networks
Authors: Grafe T. U. , Ahmad Sah H. H. , Ahmad N. , Borkent A. , Meuche I. , Konopik O. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInvestigating species interaction networks has advanced the understanding of the robustness of ecosystems, the impact of species invasions, resource partitioning and the coevolution of interacting species. Here, we present a 10‐year study of the relationships between frog‐biting midges (Corethrella) and their frog hosts in tropical lowland forests across northern Borneo. We use quantitative bipartite host‐ectoparasite networks to explore this unusual relationship. Across northern Borneo, nine species of frog‐biting midges were found to bite 29 species of frogs. Overall, 378 individual Corethrella were found on 93 individual frogs. We compare the network structure between two forest types in Brunei Darussalam: a lowland mixed‐dipterocarp rainforest and a peatswamp forest. Results indicate that both antagonistic interaction networks were relatively specialized at the community level and show significant nestedness. The degree of specialization was higher in the rainforest than in the peatswamp suggesting higher diversity of midge sensory perception and frog avoidance strategies in the rainforest. At the species level, the specialization of midges as well as their frog hosts was highly variable in both networks suggesting that some frog species are better at avoiding being bitten by Corethrella than others. Frog species parasitized by midges had calls of low dominant frequencies suggesting that the spectral bandwidth of hearing in midges could influence host selection. Despite this, some frog species that call above 4 kHz have not escaped parasitism. We explore the role of habitat filtering, behavior and coevolution in shaping network structure.
van Manen's phenomenology of practice: How can it contribute to nursing?
Authors: Errasti‐Ibarrondo Begoña , Jordán José Antonio , Díez‐Del‐Corral Mercedes P. , Arantzamendi María 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhenomenology of practice is a useful, rigorous way of deeply understanding human phenomena. Therefore, it allows research to be conducted into nursing's most sensitive and decisive aspects. While it is a widely used research approach and methodology in nursing, it is seldom addressed and made use of in its practical and applied value. This article aimed to approach the global outlook of van Manen's hermeneutic‐phenomenological method to better understand its theoretical background and to address and support the contribution this method can make to nursing, if rigorously applied. For a professional discipline like nursing, van Manen's approach is especially interesting because, in addition to contributing to the body of knowledge of nursing, it provides a special kind of knowledge that allows nurses to act in a more reflective manner, and with tact and skill, in certain situations and relationships that arise in their daily practice. A more in‐depth understanding of this research methodology may help nurse‐researchers make good use of it and also harness knowledge derived from this type of research. This comes as a result of assuming that phenomenological texts, the final product of the research, have tremendous educational potential for people who read them carefully.
Early Illicit Drug Use and The Age of Onset of Homelessness
Authors: McVicar Duncan , Moschion Julie , Ours Jan C. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWe investigate the effect of taking up daily use of cannabis on the onset of homelessness by using Australian data. We use a bivariate simultaneous mixed proportional hazard model to address potential biases due to common unobservable factors and reverse causality. We find that taking up daily use of cannabis substantially increases the probability of transitioning into homelessness for young men but not young women. In contrast, the onset of homelessness increases the probability of taking up daily use of cannabis for young women but not for young men. In a trivariate extension we find that the use of other illicit drugs at least weekly has no additional effect on transitions into homelessness for either gender but there is a large if imprecisely estimated effect of onset of homelessness on taking up weekly use of such drugs for young women.