bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Genome Wide Association Study Reveals Markers and Genes Associated with Resistance to Fusarium verticillioides Infection of Seedlings in a Maize Diversity Panel
Authors: Stagnati Lorenzo , Lanubile Alessandra , Samayoa Luis F , Bragalanti Mario , Giorni Paola , Busconi Matteo , Holland James B , Marocco Adriano 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides infects maize, causing ear rot, yield loss and contamination by fumonisin mycotoxins. The fungus can be transmitted via kernels and cause systemic infection in maize. Maize resistance to the fungus may occur at different developmental stages, from seedling to maturity. Resistance during kernel germination is part of the plant-pathogen interaction and so far this aspect has not been investigated. In the present study, a genome wide association study (GWAS) of resistance to Fusarium during the seedling developmental stage was conducted in a maize diversity panel using 226,446 SNP markers. Seedling germination and disease phenotypes were scored on artificially inoculated kernels using the rolled towel assay. GWAS identified 164 SNPs significantly associated with the traits examined. Four SNPs were associated with disease severity score after inoculation, 153 were associated with severity in asymptomatic kernels and 7 with the difference between the severity ratings in inoculated and non-inoculated seeds. A set of genes containing or physically near the significant SNPs were identified as candidates for Fusarium resistance at the seedling stage. Functional analysis revealed that many of these genes are directly involved in plant defense against pathogens and stress responses, including transcription factors, chitinase, cytochrome P450, and ubiquitination proteins. In addition, 25 genes were found in high linkage disequilibrium with the associated SNPs identified by GWAS and four of them directly involved in disease resistance. These findings contribute to understanding the complex system of maize-F. verticillioides and may improve genomic selection for Fusarium resistance at the seedling stage.
Vokietijos metraščiui „Annaberger Annalen über Litauen und deutsch-litauische Beziehungen“ – ketvirtis amžiaus
Authors: Hermann Arthur 
Published: December 2018

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
The subject of the research is the chronicle “Annaberger Annalen über Litauen und deutsch-litauische Beziehungen“ (“Anaberg’s Annascript on Lithuania and German-Lithuanian Relations”), which is published in Germany since year 1993. Over the period of 25 years, 26 volumes have been traditionally and digitally published, consisting of 318 articles authored by 221 researchers and covering 7440 pages. Prepared and published by an initiator group: Arthur Hermann, Annemarie Lepa, dr. Christina Nikolajew ir dr. Lina Pilypaitytė. The clients are Baltischer Christlicher Bund (Bonn) and the Litauisches Kulturinstitut (Lampertheim). There is a tradition of publishing scientific articles in two thirds of each volume and to have onethird for publications of a different kind. What is more, the part of scientific articles is constantly increasing. In the past, the relationship between the German Ordinance and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania has been further explored whilst today it is more often written about the 19th–20th centuries of German-Lithuanian relations and other issues concerning people of East Prussia, Klaipėda region and heritage. There are about 100 subscribers of the annual edition of the printed version and thousands of the digital version. The future of the chronicle is not clear due to financing problems.
Knygos muziejus: kai kurie probleminiai teoriniai ir istoriniai aspektai
Authors: Braziūnienė Alma 
Published: December 2018

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
The article deals with the problematic theoretical aspects of book museums (their functions, types, specificity in the context of other museums, similarities with the library divisions of documentary heritage) and examines the issues related to the establishment, development, registration and spread of book museums in Europe in the second half of the 20th century. It has been discovered that although the functions of the book museum and the special documentary heritage library divisions (Rare Books and Manuscript Divisions) are very similar or even overlap (preservation, study and actualization of the documentary heritage) and the difference between them is minimal, the level of significance of the functions (priorities) being the hallmark of the book museum and library heritage divisions. In the attempt to determine the development of the book museum, the analysis of a directory on the development of museums, entitled Museums of Books and Bookmaking: International Directory, published in 1987 and regarded as historiographically valuable material, was undertaken. The information about universal European book museums provided in the above directory was compared with today’s situation. The conclusion has been drawn that an interest in book museums in the second half of the 20th century was a natural outcome of the development of book science of that time. The pace of establishing book museums was directly linked to the intensification of book science as a viable scientific discipline in European and global science. The topic of book museums in the field of the book science of those days was extremely popular. At the time, the largest number of book museums was in Germany (25), Great Britain (11), USA (10), the then Czechoslovakia (10), Italy (8), and Poland (5). It turned out that out of the 10 universal book museums which were functioning in the 70ies and 80ies of the 20th century, only five exist today. The others were closed down, narrowed down their activities or changed their profile altogether. Some museums have retained a very traditional academic character. Given the context of contemporary and modern museology, with all the attention focused on the visitor rather than on the museum objects themselves, the situation of these museums is problematic.
The Paths of Books of Latvian Jews during World War II
Authors: Dreimane Jana 
Published: December 2018

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
The aim of the research is to find out the influence of the Nazi regime on preservation of historical book collections, which were established in Jewish societies, schools, religious organizations and private houses in Latvia until the first Soviet occupation (1940/1941). At the beginning, libraries of Jewish associations and other institutions were expropriated by the Soviet power, which started the elimination of Jewish books and periodicals published in the independent Republic of Latvia. The massive destruction of Jewish literature collections was carried out by Nazi occupation authorities (1941-1944/45), proclaiming Jews and Judaism as their main “enemies”. However, digitized archives of Nazi organizations (mainly documents of the Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce) shows that a small part of the Latvian Jewish book collections was preserved for research purposes and after the Second World War scattered in different countries. Analysis of archival documents will clarify the Nazi strategy for Latvian Jewish book collections. It will be determined which book values survived the war and what their further fate in the second half of the 1940s was.
Temperature evolution of pentacene crystal structure and phonon dynamics
Authors: Masino Matteo , Girlando Alberto , Valle Raffaele G. Della , Venuti Elisabetta , Farina Luca , Brillante Aldo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigate the relationships among all currently known X-ray structures of crystalline pentacene by calculating their “inherent” structures of minimum potential energy. We are thus able to show that two distinct bulk crystalline phases of pentacene exist, with very subtle but clear di.erences. We then assess the effects of temperature on the crystal structures, by including both inter- molecular and low-frequency intra-molecular phonons in the framework of quasi harmonic lattice dynamics methods. In this way we properly reproduce the experimental thermal expansion, and obtain a reliable description of the phonon dynamics and of its temperature dependence. The calculated phonon frequencies compare well with the experimental Raman spectrum.
Self-assembled, aligned, and cleaved supramolecules of poly(2,5-pyridinediyl)
Authors: Knaapila Matti , Torkkeli Mika , Pålsson Lars-Olof , Horsburgh Lockhart E. , Jokela Kaija , Dolbnya Igor P. , Bras Wim , Serimaa Ritva , Brinke Gerrit ten , Monkman Andrew P. , Ikkala Olli 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe report on directed self-assembly in supramolecules containing rod-like polymers. The comb-shaped supramolecules consist of poly(2,5-pyridinediyl), camphorsulfonic acid, and hydrogen bonded amphiphilic side chains. Locally they form highly ordered lamellar structures in which the polymers are stacked. The liquid crystalline state allows facile overall alignment yielding absorption dichroism and polarized photoluminescence. After alignment, cleavage of the amphiphiles results in solid films which retain this optical anisotropy with the high photoluminescence quantum yield.
Determination of Traps in Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Light Emitting Diodes by Chargebased Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy
Authors: Gaudin Olivier , Jackman Richard B. , Nguyen Thien-Phap , Rendu Philippe Le 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCharge-based deep level transient spectroscopy (Q-DLTS) has been used to study the defect states that exist within poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), a semiconducting polymer with a band gap of about 2.4 eV. The technique allows the determination of activation energies, capture cross-sections and trap concentrations. In some circumstances, it is also possible to distinguish between minority and majority carrier traps. The structures investigated here consisted of ITO/PPV/MgAg light emitting diode (LED) devices. Two types of trapping centres were found. The first type has activation energies in the range 0.49 – 0.53 eV and capture cross-sections of the order of 10-16 – 10-18 cm2. It shows a Poole-Frenkel, field assisted-emission process. This level has been identified as a bulk acceptor-like majority carrier (i.e., hole) trap. The second type has activation energies in the range 0.40 – 0.42 eV and capture cross-sections of the order of 10-19 cm2. This level has been identified as a minority carrier (i.e., electron) trap. This second trap type is therefore expected to limit minority carrier injection into the PPV layer within the LED, and hence reduce electroluminescence under forward bias conditions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Conjugated Light-Emitting Polymers
Authors: Liu Michelle S. , Jiang Xuezhong , Herguth Petra , Jen Alex K.-Y. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNovel fluorene-based conjugated light-emitting polymers have been designed and synthesized. By varying the compositions of the polymer backbone, the charge-injecting and -transporting properties of the polymers were significantly improved. The light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using these polymers as the emissive layers exhibited low turn-on voltage, a high external quantum efficiency, and high brightness due to balanced electron and hole conductivity.
Transport Properties of Indium Tin Oxide on Anisotropic Flexible Transparent Cellulosic Substrates
Authors: Amaral A. , Carvalho C. Nunes de , Brogueira P. , Melo L. V. , Lavareda G. , Godinho M. H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) systems have been actively investigated as flexible transparent substrates for use in LCD technology. HPC solid films (20-60 μm) obtained from aqueous liquid crystalline solutions present tunable topography. The need for transparent contacts in working electronic devices leads to the study of the properties of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) deposited on these flexible substrates. Substrates obtained from a 30% w/w solution of HPC in water (HPC30) were found to have an isotropic topography with a roughness (Ra ) of 18.4 nm as measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Substrates with an anisotropic topography were obtained from a 65% w/w HPC solution (HPC65). AFM measurements show a Ra = 29.1nm. Two types of peridiocities can be observed in HPC65 substrates. A primary set of large bands, perpendicular to the shear direction is characterized by a periodicity of 1.8-2.1 μm and an average peak-to-valley height of 74-87 nm. This first set of bands lies under a secondary set of smoother band texture with a periodicity of 0.35 – 0.40 μm and an average peak-to-valley height of 2.9-4.4 nm. Transport properties of ITO deposited on HPC30 substrates (ITO+HPC30) show a resistivity around 3x10-2 Ω.cm independent of orientation. ITO films deposited onto HPC65 substrates (ITO+HPC65) are conductive and show a resistivity which depends strongly on current direction about two orders of magnitude. The resistivity measured along the shearing direction is 3.8x10-2 Ω.cm and along a perpendicular direction is 2.7 Ω.cm. The anisotropic resistivity of ITO+HPC65 cannot be a direct consequence of the current path difference between both directions due to surface topography. The optical microscope observation of the ITO+HPC65 surface reveals the presence of cracks in the ITO film along the shear direction, which could be induced by the anisotropic mechanical properties of HPC65 substrates. The resistivity difference in ITO+HPC65 could be attributed to these cracks.
Study of The Electronic Transport of Pentacene Films by Photoconductivity and Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy
Authors: Knipp D. , Carius R. , Klomfass J. , Street R.A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe performance of thermally evaporated pentacene TFTs is strongly affected by defects. The influence of the preparation conditions on the level of defects were studied by Photoconductivity (CPM) and Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy (PDS). CPM and PDS are powerful tools to provide insights in the band structure, the sub band gap absorption, distribution of defects and the ordering of the material. The influence of the preparation conditions on the morphology and the structural properties will be discussed and correlated with experimental data of CPM and PDS. In particularly, the influence of the deposition temperature on the absorption spectra of the polycrystalline films will be addressed. Furthermore, the material analyse will be correlated with the device performance of pentacene TFTs.
Electrically Detected Magnetic Resonance of MEH-PPV diodes
Authors: Silva George B. , Santos Lucas F. , Faria Roberto M. , Graeff Carlos F. O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this work electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) is used to study the electronic properties of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEHPPV) diodes. Two kinds of MEH-PPV diodes were characterized. The first one was a bipolar light emitting diode whose structure was ITO/MEH-PPV/Al. In this diode the EDMR signal is composed of two lines, a line that can be fitted by a lorentzian with peak-to-peak linewidth of 5.0 ± 0.5 G and the other best fitted with gaussian line with a linewidth of 24 ± 1 G. The g factor of both components is 2.002 ± 0.001 and signals were only observed at forward bias. The second diode is a hole only device, with a structure ITO/MEH-PPV/Au, the EDMR signal in this case is dominated by a gaussian line with peak-to-peak linewidth of 5 ± 1 G and average g factor of 2.0014 ± 0.0002. In high forward bias (V > 30 volts at T = 130K) a second line could be observed with a linewidth of 10 ± 2 G and a g factor of 2.0012 ± 0.0004. The signal from both types of diodes is quenching, and tipically10-5 in amplitude. The EDMR signal is assigned to the spin-dependent fusion of two like-charged polarons. Our results indicate that the narrower component is coming from positive polarons while the broader to negative polarons.
Studies of Alq/Mg: Ag Interface in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes by XPS
Authors: Feng X. D. , Grozea D. , Turak A. , Lu Z. H. , Aziz H. , Hor A-M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe organic/cathode interface plays an important role in device degradation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The interface between 8-hydroxyquinolino aluminium (Alq) and Mg:Ag cathode in OLEDs, operated for some time, was characterized using Xray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). An in-vacuum peel-off method was used to separate the buried interfaces. XPS results indicate that Alq molecules break down, resulting in formation of fragmented hydroxyquinolino, Mg oxides, and metallic Al at the interface. It is also found by XPS depth-profiling measurement that metallic Al diffuses into the cathode electrode, and that the fraction of oxidized Mg decreases gradually from the interface but extended very deep into the cathode.
Electronic Properties of Polymer-Fullerene Solar Cells StudiedWith Light-Induced Electron Spin Resonance and Admittance Spectroscopy
Authors: Dyakonov V. , Riedel I. , Chiguvare Z. , Deibel C. , Parisi J. , Brabec C.J. , Sariciftci N.S. , Hummelen J.C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWithin recent years, the development of polymer-fullerene plastic solar cells has made significant progress. In such devices, an efficient charge generation takes place via photoinduced charge transfer between the photoexcited conjugated polymer and acceptor-type fullerene molecules. Due to the paramagnetic nature of the radical species, the photoinduced charge transfer can be studied by means of light induced electron spin resonance (LESR) techniques. We carried out W-band (95 GHz) LESR at high magnetic field strengths. Two well separated line groups with a strong anisotropic structure were detected for the composite MDMOPPV: PCBM. From the line shape analysis, we obtained an environmental axial symmetry for the positive polaron P+ and a lower, rhomboedric symmetry for the fullerene anion. The signals were found to be independent of each other with different spin-lattice relaxation times; hence, the radical species can be investigated separately. In order to study the bulk transport properties, we carried out admittance spectroscopy on the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MDMO-PPV:PCBM/Al device. Two frequency-dependent contributions to the device capacitance with the activation energies 9 meV and 177 meV were found. For the very shallow trap state, we assume a bulk impurity, whereas the latter one is assigned to an interfacial defect state, located at the composite- aluminium interface.
Charge motion and trapping in molecularly doped hole transporters
Authors: Fong H.H. , Lun K.C. , So S.K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe charge transporting properties of N, N'-dipheny l-N, N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (TPD), TPD doped with 5,6,11,12- tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene), and TPD doped with 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(pdimethylaminostyryle) 4H-pyran (DCM1) were examined by time-of-flight (TOF) technique between 180-300K. The dependence of the mobility on electric field and temperature for undoped and doped TPD was investigated. Reductions in hole mobility shows that both dopants act as hole traps in TPD. Computational results of TPD also account for the effective hole conduction in pristine TPD film.
Structural and Morphological Differences of Thin Films Obtained by Plasma Polymerization of Pyrrole (Ppy) and Thiophene (Pth)
Authors: Borrós Salvador , Diago M.Paz , Esteve Joan , Agulló Núria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this work, thin films (thickness ∼ 0.5 μm) were obtained by plasma polymerization of pyrrole (Ppy) and thiophene (Pth) at 25-30 W and 0.1-0.2 mbar of pressure. Further doping with iodine was carried out to some of the Ppy and Pth films (Ppy/I2, Pth/I2) in order to enhance their electrical conductivity properties.Structural and morphological characterization of both Ppy and Pth as well as of Ppy/I2 and Pth/I2 was performed using Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).In the light of the information given by IR, XPS and AFM techniques, exhaustive and accurate description of both undoped and I2/doped Ppy and Pth films obtained by Plasma Polymerization is attained.
Electrical Conductivity of High Impact Polystyrene/Liquid Crystalline Polymer/ Carbon Black Ternary Systems
Authors: Tchoudakov Roza , Segal Ester , Narkis Moshe , Siegmann Arnon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractElectrically conductive immiscible polymer blends containing high impact polystyrene (HIPS), liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and a low content of conductive carbon black (CB) were studied to establish and understand the correlation between composition, electrical properties and the morphology of filaments produced at different melt flow conditions. The HIPS/LCP/CB blend containing 30% LCP and at least 2 phr CB reveals a stable resisitivity throughout the shear rate range applied in a capillary rheometer. Interesting structure alterations were observed for the LCP and CB components as a result of melt flow processing. Unusual sensing properties of liquids were found for the blends containing LCP.
Studenters oppfatninger av god og dårlig praksisveiledning i barnehagelærerutdanning
Authors: Worum Kirsten S. , Bjørndal Cato R. P. 
Published: December 2018

Formålet med artikkelen er å få innsikt i studenters oppfatninger av god og dårlig praksisveiledning i barnehagelærerutdanningen, noe som er avgjørende for å utvikle praksisveiledningens kvalitet. Studentperspektivet på praksisveiledningens kvalitet er lite fremtredende i nordisk forskning på barnehagelærerutdanning. Studien er basert på fire fokusgrupper, der studenter fra 1.-3. studieår i barnehagelæreutdanningen utveksler erfaringer og synspunkter på hva de oppfatter som god og mindre god praksisveiledning. Studentenes oppfatninger av kvalitet omfatter åtte aspekt; oppfølging av veilederen, veiledning tilpasset sitt behov, gode tilbakemeldinger, bli utfordret av veilederen, åpen dialog og gjensidig læring, veiledning sammen med andre men også alene, gode holdninger hos veilederen og godt samspill mellom praksis og campus. Funnene diskuteres i forhold til internasjonal forskning og diskursen mellom veiledningspedagogiske tradisjoner, og sees i lys av kvalitetsbegrepet i høyere utdanning med vekt på prosesskvalitet.
The purpose of this article is to gain insight into student-perceptions of supervision of practical training in kindergarten teacher-education. Today there is little Nordic research from the student-perspective on the quality of supervision of practical training in kindergartens. In this study students in their first, second, and third years of study, divided into four focus-groups, exchanged experiences and views on what they perceive as good and bad practical supervision. Students' perceptions of quality include; follow-up from the practical-training supervisor, supervision adapted to their needs, good feedback, being challenged by the supervisor, open dialogue and mutual learning, supervision along with others but also alone, good attitudes of the mentor, and good interaction between the practical placement and campus. The findings are discussed in relation to international research and the discourse between central Nordic schools of supervision. Findings are also seen in light of the concept of quality in higher education.