bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is healthy eating? A qualitative exploration
Authors: Mete Rebecca , Shield Alison , Murray Kristen , Bacon Rachel , Kellett Jane 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:The present study aimed to explore how healthy food choices are translated into everyday life by exploring definitions of healthy food choices, perceptions of own food choice, and healthy food choice drivers (facilitators) and barriers.Design:An exploratory qualitative study design was employed using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and cross-checked for consistency. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns emerging from the data.Setting:Canberra, Australia, October 2015–March 2016.Participants:A total of twenty-three participants aged 25–60 years were interviewed. The mean age was 38 years and the mean BMI was 29·1 kg/m2. All male participants (n4) were within the healthy weight range compared with 58 % of female participants, with 26 % being overweight and 16 % being obese.Results:(i) Healthy food choices are important but are not a daily priority; (ii) healthy eating information is known but can be difficult to apply into everyday life; (iii) popular diets are used in attempts to improve healthy eating; and (iv) social media inspires and connects people with healthy eating.Conclusions:Social media facilitates healthy food choices by providing access to healthy eating information. In addition to Facebook and Instagram, healthy eating blogs were highlighted as a source of nutrition information. Research should consider exploring the use of healthy eating blogs and whether these blogs can be used as a tool by dietitians to communicate procedural healthy eating information more effectively in the future.
Bridging the Gap Between Policy‐Driven Land Use Changes and Regional Climate Projections
Authors: Berckmans Julie , Hamdi Rafiq , Dendoncker Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChanges in the land surface interact with a changing climate. Moreover, the impact of land surface changes on the local and regional climate can be as large as the impact of increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The land surface‐climate interactions are best represented by high‐resolution models to capture the mesoscale circulation features. The future land surface changes are preferably represented by scenarios that illustrate plausible storylines. Furthermore, the impact of future urbanization is relevant for the highly urbanized region of Europe. In this study, we assess the interactions between climate and land surface dynamics by modeling the near‐future climate state for western Europe based on a policy‐driven land use change scenario at high resolution. The global climate model CNRM‐CM5.1 has been downscaled to the regional climate of western Europe by using ALARO‐SURFEX at 4‐km horizontal resolution. SURFEX provides a parameterization of the urban physical properties so that the impact of urban surfaces on the regional climate can be modeled realistically. Results are interpreted with respect to the near‐future climate change without land surface changes. The near future presents a uniform temperature increase of 0.3–0.6 °C. This is in contrast to changes by the land surface that are more heterogeneous in space and much stronger at the local scale. Deforestation and conversion to arable land diminishes climate change effects, whereas urbanization results in an enhancing effect of climate change. Moreover, urbanization is as big as the radiative forcing warming for minimum temperature.
Extreme Lake Level Changes on the Tibetan Plateau Associated With the 2015/2016 El Niño
Authors: Lei Yanbin , Zhu Yali , Wang Bin , Yao Tandong , Yang Kun , Zhang Xiaowen , Zhai Jianqing , Ma Ning 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough the impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is reflected through stable isotopes of precipitation and ice cores, the hydroclimate response of TP lakes to El Niño–Southern Oscillation is seldom investigated. Here we show that significant lake water deficit occurred on the central TP (CTP) due to a dramatic decrease in precipitation 2016 El Ni/2016 El Niño event, followed by extreme lake water surplus in 2016 and 2017 over most of the TP (except the eastern CTP). Similar but weaker lake shrinkage and afterward expansion can also be found during historical El Niño events. Further exploration reveals that the CTP dry anomaly during El Niño events tends to bridge the dry anomalies over India and northern China, thereby forming a dry zone along the northwestern edge of the Asian monsoon domain. This study may shed light on the prediction of lake level changes on the TP.
High-fidelity replication of thermoplastic microneedles with open microfluidic channels
Authors: Faraji Rad Zahra , Nordon Robert E. , Anthony Carl J. , Bilston Lynne , Prewett Philip D. , Arns Ji-Youn , Arns Christoph H. , Zhang Liangchi , Davies Graham J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDevelopment of microneedles for unskilled and painless collection of blood or drug delivery addresses the quality of healthcare through early intervention at point-of-care. Microneedles with submicron to millimeter features have been fabricated from materials such as metals, silicon, and polymers by subtractive machining or etching. However, to date, large-scale manufacture of hollow microneedles has been limited by the cost and complexity of microfabrication techniques. This paper reports a novel manufacturing method that may overcome the complexity of hollow microneedle fabrication. Prototype microneedles with open microfluidic channels are fabricated by laser stereolithography. Thermoplastic replicas are manufactured from these templates by soft-embossing with high fidelity at submicron resolution. The manufacturing advantages are (a) direct printing from computer-aided design (CAD) drawing without the constraints imposed by subtractive machining or etching processes, (b) high-fidelity replication of prototype geometries with multiple reuses of elastomeric molds, (c) shorter manufacturing time compared to three-dimensional stereolithography, and (d) integration of microneedles with open-channel microfluidics. Future work will address development of open-channel microfluidics for drug delivery, fluid sampling and analysis.
Live-cell imaging reveals the relative contributions of antigen-presenting cell subsets to thymic central tolerance
Authors: Lancaster J. N. , Thyagarajan H. M. , Srinivasan J. , Li Y. , Hu Z. , Ehrlich L. I. R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBoth medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) and dendritic cells (DC) present tissue-restricted antigens (TRA) to thymocytes to induce central tolerance, but the relative contributions of these antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets remain unresolved. Here we developed a two-photon microscopy approach to observe thymocytes interacting with intact APCs presenting TRAs. We find that mTECs and DCs cooperate extensively to induce tolerance, with their relative contributions regulated by the cellular form of the TRA and the class of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on which antigen is presented. Even when TRA expression is restricted to mTECs, DCs still present self-antigens at least as frequently as mTECs. Notably, the DC subset cDC2 efficiently acquires secreted mTEC-derived TRAs for cross-presentation on MHC-I. By directly imaging interactions between thymocytes and APCs, while monitoring intracellular signaling, this study reveals that distinct DC subsets and AIRE+ mTECs contribute substantially to presentation of diverse self-antigens for establishing central tolerance.
Forming attitudes via neural activity supporting affective episodic simulations
Authors: Benoit Roland G. , Paulus Philipp C. , Schacter Daniel L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHumans have the adaptive capacity for imagining hypothetical episodes. Such episodic simulation is based on a neural network that includes the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). This network draws on existing knowledge (e.g., of familiar people and places) to construct imaginary events (e.g., meeting with the person at that place). Here, we test the hypothesis that a simulation changes attitudes towards its constituent elements. In two experiments, we demonstrate how imagining meeting liked versus disliked people (unconditioned stimuli, UCS) at initially neutral places (conditioned stimuli, CS) changes the value of these places. We further provide evidence that the vmPFC codes for representations of those elements (i.e., of individual people and places). Critically, attitude changes induced by the liked UCS are based on a transfer of positive affective value between the representations (i.e., from the UCS to the CS). Thereby, we reveal how mere imaginings shape attitudes towards elements (i.e., places) from our real-life environment.
Structure of the human frataxin-bound iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex provides insight into its activation mechanism
Authors: Fox Nicholas G. , Yu Xiaodi , Feng Xidong , Bailey Henry J. , Martelli Alain , Nabhan Joseph F. , Strain-Damerell Claire , Bulawa Christine , Yue Wyatt W. , Han Seungil 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe core machinery for de novo biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters (ISC), located in the mitochondria matrix, is a five-protein complex containing the cysteine desulfurase NFS1 that is activated by frataxin (FXN), scaffold protein ISCU, accessory protein ISD11, and acyl-carrier protein ACP. Deficiency in FXN leads to the loss-of-function neurodegenerative disorder Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA). Here the 3.2 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the FXN-bound active human complex, containing two copies of the NFS1-ISD11-ACP-ISCU-FXN hetero-pentamer, delineates the interactions of FXN with other component proteins of the complex. FXN binds at the interface of two NFS1 and one ISCU subunits, modifying the local environment of a bound zinc ion that would otherwise inhibit NFS1 activity in complexes without FXN. Our structure reveals how FXN facilitates ISC production through stabilizing key loop conformations of NFS1 and ISCU at the protein–protein interfaces, and suggests how FRDA clinical mutations affect complex formation and FXN activation.
Complete deconvolution of cellular mixtures based on linearity of transcriptional signatures
Authors: Zaitsev Konstantin , Bambouskova Monika , Swain Amanda , Artyomov Maxim N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChanges in bulk transcriptional profiles of heterogeneous samples often reflect changes in proportions of individual cell types. Several robust techniques have been developed to dissect the composition of such mixed samples given transcriptional signatures of the pure components or their proportions. These approaches are insufficient, however, in situations when no information about individual mixture components is available. This problem is known as the complete deconvolution problem, where the composition is revealed without any a priori knowledge about cell types and their proportions. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized property of tissue-specific genes – their mutual linearity – and use it to reveal the structure of the topological space of mixed transcriptional profiles and provide a noise-robust approach to the complete deconvolution problem. Furthermore, our analysis reveals systematic bias of all deconvolution techniques due to differences in cell size or RNA-content, and we demonstrate how to address this bias at the experimental design level.
Hexameric NuMA:LGN structures promote multivalent interactions required for planar epithelial divisions
Authors: Pirovano Laura , Culurgioni Simone , Carminati Manuel , Alfieri Andrea , Monzani Silvia , Cecatiello Valentina , Gaddoni Chiara , Rizzelli Francesca , Foadi James , Pasqualato Sebastiano , Mapelli Marina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCortical force generators connect epithelial polarity sites with astral microtubules, allowing dynein movement to orient the mitotic spindle as astral microtubules depolymerize. Complexes of the LGN and NuMA proteins, fundamental components of force generators, are recruited to the cortex by Gαi-subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins. They associate with dynein/dynactin and activate the motor activity pulling on astral microtubules. The architecture of cortical force generators is unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of NuMA:LGN hetero-hexamers, and unveil their role in promoting the assembly of active cortical dynein/dynactin motors that are required in orchestrating oriented divisions in polarized cells. Our work elucidates the basis for the structural organization of essential spindle orientation motors.
Targeting lonidamine to mitochondria mitigates lung tumorigenesis and brain metastasis
Authors: Cheng Gang , Zhang Qi , Pan Jing , Lee Yongik , Ouari Olivier , Hardy Micael , Zielonka Monika , Myers Charles R. , Zielonka Jacek , Weh Katherine , Chang Andrew C. , Chen Guoan , Kresty Laura , Kalyanaraman Balaraman , You Ming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLung cancer often has a poor prognosis, with brain metastases a major reason for mortality. We modified lonidamine (LND), an antiglycolytic drug with limited efficacy, to mitochondria-targeted mito-lonidamine (Mito-LND) which is 100-fold more potent. Mito-LND, a tumor-selective inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics in lung cancer cells and mitigates lung cancer cell viability, growth, progression, and metastasis of lung cancer xenografts in mice. Mito-LND blocks lung tumor development and brain metastasis by inhibiting mitochondrial bioenergetics, stimulating the formation of reactive oxygen species, oxidizing mitochondrial peroxiredoxin, inactivating AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling, and inducing autophagic cell death in lung cancer cells. Mito-LND causes no toxicity in mice even when administered for eight weeks at 50 times the effective cancer inhibitory dose. Collectively, these findings show that mitochondrial targeting of LND is a promising therapeutic approach for investigating the role of autophagy in mitigating lung cancer development and brain metastasis.
Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Weiss Astrid , Neubauer Moritz Christian , Yerabolu Dinesh , Kojonazarov Baktybek , Schlueter Beate Christiane , Neubert Lavinia , Jonigk Danny , Baal Nelli , Ruppert Clemens , Dorfmuller Peter , Pullamsetti Soni Savai , Weissmann Norbert , Ghofrani Hossein-Ardeschir , Grimminger Friedrich , Seeger Werner , Schermuly Ralph Theo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. We screened for pathways that may be responsible for the abnormal phenotype of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), a major contributor of PAH pathobiology, and identified cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) as overactivated kinases in specimens derived from patients with idiopathic PAH. This increased CDK activity is confirmed at the level of mRNA and protein expression in human and experimental PAH, respectively. Specific CDK inhibition by dinaciclib and palbociclib decreases PASMC proliferation via cell cycle arrest and interference with the downstream CDK-Rb (retinoblastoma protein)-E2F signaling pathway. In two experimental models of PAH (i.e., monocrotaline and Su5416/hypoxia treated rats) palbociclib reverses the elevated right ventricular systolic pressure, reduces right heart hypertrophy, restores the cardiac index, and reduces pulmonary vascular remodeling. These results demonstrate that inhibition of CDKs by palbociclib may be a therapeutic strategy in PAH.
Proximity-induced surface superconductivity in Dirac semimetal Cd3As2
Authors: Huang Ce , Zhou Benjamin T. , Zhang Huiqin , Yang Bingjia , Liu Ran , Wang Hanwen , Wan Yimin , Huang Ke , Liao Zhiming , Zhang Enze , Liu Shanshan , Deng Qingsong , Chen Yanhui , Han Xiaodong , Zou Jin , Lin Xi , Han Zheng , Wang Yihua , Law Kam Tuen , Xiu Faxian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCd3As2 is a three-dimensional Dirac semimetal with separated Dirac points in momentum space. In spite of extensive transport and spectroscopic studies on its exotic properties, the evidence of superconductivity in its surface states remains elusive. Here, we report the observation of proximity-induced surface superconductivity in Nb/Cd3As2 hybrid structures. Our four-terminal transport measurement identifies a pronounced proximity-induced pairing gap (gap size comparable to Nb) on the surfaces, which exhibits a flat conductance plateau in differential conductance spectra, consistent with our theoretical simulations. The surface supercurrent from Nb/Cd3As2/Nb junctions is also achieved with a Fraunhofer/SQUID-like pattern under out-of-plane/in-plane magnetic fields, respectively. The resultant mapping shows a predominant distribution on the top and bottom surfaces as the bulk carriers are depleted, which can be regarded as a higher dimensional analog of edge supercurrent in two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulators. Our study provides the evidence of surface superconductivity in Dirac semimetals.
Anisotropic and self-healing hydrogels with multi-responsive actuating capability
Authors: Qin Haili , Zhang Tan , Li Na , Cong Huai-Ping , Yu Shu-Hong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInspired by smart biological tissues, artificial muscle-like actuators offer fascinating prospects due to their distinctive shape transformation and self-healing function under external stimuli. However, further practical application is hindered by the lack of simple and general routes to fabricate ingenious soft materials with anisotropic responsiveness. Here, we describe a general in situ polymerization strategy for the fabrication of anisotropic hydrogels composed of highly-ordered lamellar network crosslinked by the metal nanostructure assemblies, accompanied with remarkably anisotropic performances on mechanical, optical, de-swelling and swelling behaviors. Owing to the dynamic thiolate-metal coordination as healing motifs, the composites exhibit rapid and efficient multi-responsive self-healing performance under NIR irradiation and low pH condition. Dependent on well-defined anisotropic structures, the hydrogel presents controllable solvent-responsive mechanical actuating performance. Impressively, the integrated device through a healing-induced assembly way can deliver more complicated, elaborate forms of actuation, demonstrating its great potentials as superior soft actuators like smart robots.
Uncertainty equality with quantum memory and its experimental verification
Authors: Wang Hengyan , Ma Zhihao , Wu Shengjun , Zheng Wenqiang , Cao Zhu , Chen Zhihua , Li Zhaokai , Fei Shao-Ming , Peng Xinhua , Vedral Vlatko , Du Jiangfeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs a very fundamental principle in quantum physics, uncertainty principle has been studied intensively via various uncertainty inequalities. A natural and fundamental question is whether an equality exists for the uncertainty principle. Here we derive an entropic uncertainty equality relation for a bipartite system consisting of a quantum system and a coupled quantum memory, based on the information measure introduced by Brukner and Zeilinger (Phys. Rev. Lett. 83:3354, 1999). The equality indicates that the sum of measurement uncertainties over a complete set of mutually unbiased bases on a subsystem is equal to a total, fixed uncertainty determined by the initial bipartite state. For the special case where the system and the memory are the maximally entangled, all of the uncertainties related to each mutually unbiased base measurement are zero, which is substantially different from the uncertainty inequality relation. The results are meaningful for fundamental reasons and give rise to operational applications such as in quantum random number generation and quantum guessing games. Moreover, we experimentally verify the measurement uncertainty relation in the presence of quantum memory on a five-qubit spin system by directly measuring the corresponding quantum mechanical observables, rather than quantum state tomography in all the previous experiments of testing entropic uncertainty relations.
Aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition of transparent superhydrophobic film by using mixed functional alkoxysilanes
Authors: Tombesi Alessia , Li Shuhui , Sathasivam Sanjayan , Page Kristopher , Heale Frances L. , Pettinari Claudio , Carmalt Claire J. , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA method for the preparation of transparent superhydrophobic silica coatings on glass substrates via aerosol‐assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) is described. A multi-layer process to produce dual scale silica nanoparticles films, by using different functional alkoxysilanes was investigated. A first layer of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and a second layer of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) were deposited at different temperatures to generate micro and nano particles of silica. Finally, a layer of perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane was deposited on top of the two layers to achieve superhydrophobicity. The transparent superhydrophobic film showed transparency of 90% in the visible light region with a static water contact angle of 165° and a sliding angle lower than 1°. Various durability tests were performed on the transparent superhydrophobic film, showing a constant water repellency after corrosion and organic solvents tests, strong resistance under UV light, and thermal stability up to 400 °C. Sandpaper mechanical robustness durability test showed superhydrophobicity for up to 5 rubbing cycles. In this study, a novel strategy to achieve highly transparent superhydrophobic glass surfaces using AACVD of alkoxysilanes, to produce surfaces with excellent durability is described. This shows great potential to obtain silica superhydrophobic films for large–scale applications.
Aminophospholipids are signal-transducing TREM2 ligands on apoptotic cells
Authors: Shirotani Keiro , Hori Yuma , Yoshizaki Ryohei , Higuchi Eri , Colonna Marco , Saito Takashi , Hashimoto Shoko , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Iwata Nobuhisa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVariants of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are associated with an increased incidence of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as other neurodegenerative disorders. Using a newly developed, highly sensitive reporter cell model, consisting of Jurkat T cells stably overexpressing a reporter gene and a gene encoding TREM2DAP12 fusion protein, we show here that TREM2-dependent signal transduction in response to apoptotic Neuro2a cells is mediated by aminophospholipid ligands, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, which are not exposed on the intact cell surface, but become exposed upon apoptosis. We also show that signal-transducing TREM2 ligands different from aminophospholipids, which appear to be derived from neurons, might be present in membrane fractions of mouse cerebral cortex. These results may suggest that TREM2 regulates microglial function by transducing intracellular signals from aminophospholipids on apoptotic cells, as well as unidentified ligands in the membranes of the cerebral cortex.