bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Non-Linear Control for Three-Phase Five-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter Based Shunt Active Power Filter
Authors: Ray Soumyadeep , Gupta Nitin , Gupta Ram Avtar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter (CHB-MLI) based shunt active power filter (SAPF) provides a cost-worthy and realistic solution for mitigating current related power quality problems in case of medium-voltage and high-power grid. Mitigation of current harmonic component, reactive power minimization and power factor correction depend on accuracy of control technique applied to the CHB-MLI based SAPF unit. Switching technique dynamics is not considered by most of the researchers while designing control techniques applied to SAPF unit and hence it is assumed linear in order to make system simpler. A limited amount of literature is available which considers the non-linearity of CHB-MLI switching pattern while designing control theory for MLI based SAPF. Therefore, a novel non-linear control is proposed in this paper to enhance system steady-state and dynamic performance. This non-linear control is based on dynamic mathematical modeling of five-level CHB-MLI tied SAPF. Stability of proposed control strategy applied to CHB-MLI based SAPF is rigorously checked by using Lyapunov’s direct method. Proportional-Integral controller is used for stabilizing DC-link voltages to its proper reference value. This proposed control exhibits excellent dynamic performance and compensation criteria in comparison to conventional control techniques available in the literature. The effectiveness of the proposed control theory is tested rigorously in MATLAB/Simulink and verified through hardware prototype under steady-state and transient operating conditions. Rigorous analysis from hardware and simulation results confirms that source current waveform is in compliance with IEEE-519 standard defined THD limit.
Saving Behavior and Housing Wealth Evidence from German Micro Data
Authors: Gröbel Sören , Ihle Dorothee 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHousing property is the most important position in a household’s wealth portfolio. Even though there is strong evidence that house price cycles and saving patterns behave synchronously, the underlying causes remain controversial. The present paper examines if there is a wealth effect of house prices on savings using household-level panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for the period 1996-2012. We find that young homeowners decrease their savings in response to unanticipated house price shocks, whereas old households hardly respond to house price changes. Although effects are relatively low in magnitude, we interpret this as evidence of a housing wealth effect.
Waiting Times for Outpatient Treatment in Germany: New Experimental Evidence from Primary Data
Authors: Heinrich Nils , Wübker Ansgar , Wuckel Christiane 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Long waiting times are a common feature and a major concern in many public health care systems. They are often characterized as inefficient because they are a burden to patients without generating any gains for providers. There is an ongoing debate in Germany regarding the preferential treatment given to private health insurance (PHI) holders while statutory health insurance (SHI) holders face continuously increasing waiting times. In order to tackle this problem in the outpatient sector, Germany initiated a reform in 2015 which was aimed at providing SHI holders with appointments within an acceptable time frame. We exploit longitudinal experimental data to examine waiting times for six elective outpatient treatments in Germany for PHI and SHI holders before and after the reform. We find a considerable difference in waiting times favoring private patients. For SHI holders, waiting times remained stable over time (27.5 days in 2014, 30.7 days in 2016, Δ 3.2 days, p-value=0.889) while PHI holders experienced a significant improvement (13.5 days in 2014; 7.8 days in 2016; Δ 5.7 days, p-value=0.002). The results indicate that even after the reform there is still an unequal access to elective outpatient treatment depending on the patient’s insurance status.
Does Obesity Shorten Life? Or is it the Soda? On Non-manipulable Causes
Authors: Pearl Judea 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Non-manipulable factors, such as gender or race have posed conceptual and practical challenges to causal analysts. On the one hand these factors do have consequences, and on the other hand, they do not fit into the experimentalist conception of causation. This paper addresses this challenge in the context of public debates over the health cost of obesity, and offers a new perspective, based on the theory of Structural Causal Models (SCM).
Crystal structure of 6-chloro-N-methylpyrimidin-4-amine, C5H6ClN3
Authors: Li Dongmi , Wang Tingting , Geng Lin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
C5H6ClN3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 3.8335(2) Å, b = 11.1158(7) Å, c = 15.4294(7) Å, β = 94.901(5)°, V = 655.07(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0388, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0960, T = 293 K.
Criterion Validity of a MARG Sensor to Assess Countermovement Jump Performance in Elite Basketballers
Authors: Staunton Craig A. , Stanger Jonathan J. , Wundersitz Daniel W.T. , Gordon Brett A. , Custovic Edhem , Kingsley Michael I.C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Staunton, CA, Stanger, JJ, Wundersitz, DW, Gordon, BA, Custovic, E, and Kingsley, MI. Criterion validity of a MARG sensor to assess countermovement jump performance in elite basketballers. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 797–803, 2021—This study assessed the criterion validity of a magnetic, angular rate, and gravity (MARG) sensor to measure countermovement jump (CMJ) performance metrics, including CMJ kinetics before take-off, in elite basketballers. Fifty-four basketballers performed 2 CMJs on a force platform with data simultaneously recorded by a MARG sensor located centrally on the player's back. Vertical accelerations recorded from the MARG sensor were expressed relative to the direction of gravity. Jumps were analyzed by a blinded assessor and the best jump according to the force platform was used for comparison. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and mean bias with 95% ratio limits of agreement (95% RLOA) were calculated between the MARG sensor and the force platform for jumps performed with correct technique (n = 44). The mean bias for all CMJ metrics was less than 3%. Ninety-five percent RLOA between MARG- and force platform–derived flight time and jump height were 1 ± 7% and 1 ± 15%, respectively. For CMJ performance metrics before takeoff, impulse displayed less random error (95% RLOA: 1 ± 13%) when compared with mean concentric power and time to maximum force displayed (95% RLOA: 0 ± 29% and 1 ± 34%, respectively). Correlations between MARG and force platform were significant for all CMJ metrics and ranged from large for jump height (r = 0.65) to nearly perfect for mean concentric power (r = 0.95). Strong relationships, low mean bias, and low random error between MARG and force platform suggest that MARG sensors can provide a practical and inexpensive tool to measure impulse and flight time–derived CMJ performance metrics.
Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Identifies Distinct Early and Late Phase Axonal Conduction Deficits of White Matter Pathophysiology, and Reveals Intervening Recovery
Authors: Marion Christina M. , Radomski Kryslaine L. , Cramer Nathan P. , Galdzicki Zygmunt , Armstrong Regina C. 
Published: August 2018

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients often exhibit slowed information processing speed that can underlie diverse symptoms. Processing speed depends on neural circuit function at synapses, in the soma, and along axons. Long axons in white matter (WM) tracts are particularly vulnerable to TBI. We hypothesized that disrupted axon–myelin interactions that slow or block action potential conduction in WM tracts may contribute to slowed processing speed after TBI. Concussive TBI in male/female mice was used to produce traumatic axonal injury in the corpus callosum (CC), similar to WM pathology in human TBI cases. Compound action potential velocity was slowed along myelinated axons at 3 d after TBI with partial recovery by 2 weeks, suggesting early demyelination followed by remyelination. Ultrastructurally, dispersed demyelinated axons and disorganized myelin attachment to axons at paranodes were apparent within CC regions exhibiting traumatic axonal injury. Action potential conduction is exquisitely sensitive to paranode abnormalities. Molecular identification of paranodes and nodes of Ranvier detected asymmetrical paranode pairs and abnormal heminodes after TBI. Fluorescent labeling of oligodendrocyte progenitors inNG2CreER;mTmGmice showed increased synthesis of new membranes extended along axons to paranodes, indicating remyelination after TBI. At later times after TBI, an overall loss of conducting axons was observed at 6 weeks followed by CC atrophy at 8 weeks. These studies identify a progression of both myelinated axon conduction deficits and axon–myelin pathology in the CC, implicating WM injury in impaired information processing at early and late phases after TBI. Furthermore, the intervening recovery reveals a potential therapeutic window.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health concern. Across the spectrum of TBI severities, impaired information processing can contribute to diverse functional deficits that underlie persistent symptoms. We used experimental TBI to exploit technical advantages in mice while modeling traumatic axonal injury in white matter tracts, which is a key pathological feature of human TBI. A combination of approaches revealed slowed and failed signal conduction along with damage to the structure and molecular composition of myelinated axons in the white matter after TBI. An early regenerative response was not sustained yet reveals a potential time window for intervention. These insights into white matter abnormalities underlying axon conduction deficits can inform strategies to improve treatment options for TBI patients.
Retinal Detachment-Induced Müller Glial Cell Swelling Activates TRPV4 Ion Channels and Triggers Photoreceptor Death at Body Temperature
Authors: Matsumoto Hidetaka , Sugio Shouta , Seghers François , Krizaj David , Akiyama Hideo , Ishizaki Yasuki , Gailly Philippe , Shibasaki Koji 
Published: August 2018

Using region-specific injection of hyaluronic acid, we developed a mouse model of acute retinal detachment (RD) to investigate molecular mechanisms of photoreceptor cell death triggered by RD. We focused on the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel, which functions as a thermosensor, osmosensor, and/or mechanosensor. After RD, the number of apoptotic photoreceptors was reduced by ∼50% in TRPV4KO mice relative to wild-type mice, indicating the possible involvement of TRPV4 activation in RD-induced photoreceptor cell death. Furthermore, TRPV4 expressed in Müller glial cells can be activated by mechanical stimuli caused by RD-induced swelling of these cells, resulting in release of the cytokine MCP-1, which is reported as a mediator of Müller glia-derived strong mediator for RD-induced photoreceptor death. We also found that the TRPV4 activation by the Müller glial swelling was potentiated by body temperature. Together, our results suggest that RD adversely impacts photoreceptor viability via TRPV4-dependent cytokine release from Müller glial cells and that TRPV4 is part of a novel molecular pathway that could exacerbate the effects of hypoxia on photoreceptor survival after RD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIdentification of the mechanisms of photoreceptor death in retinal detachment is required for establishment of therapeutic targets for preventing loss of visual acuity. In this study, we found that TRPV4 expressed in Müller glial cells can be activated by mechanical stimuli caused by RD-induced swelling of these cells, resulting in release of the cytokine MCP-1, which is reported as a mediator of Müller glia-derived strong mediator for RD-induced photoreceptor death. We also found that the TRPV4 activation by the Müller glial swelling was potentiated by body temperature. Hence, TRPV4 inhibition could suppress cell death in RD pathological conditions and suggests that TRPV4 in Müller glial cells might be a novel therapeutic target for preventing photoreceptor cell death after RD.
No link between season of birth and subsequent development of Graves’ disease or toxic nodular goitre. A nationwide Danish register-based study
Authors: Sivalingam Suvanjaa , Thvilum Marianne , Brix Thomas Heiberg , Hegedüs Laszlo , Brandt Frans 
Published: August 2018

Background
Season of birth, an exogenous indicator of early life environment, has been linked with a higher risk of adverse health outcomes such as autoimmune thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia later in life. Whether the development and cause of hyperthyroidism is influenced by season of birth is unclarified. We aimed, at a nationwide level, to investigate whether season of birth influences the risk of hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease (GD) and/or toxic nodular goitre (TNG).

Method
Register-based nationwide cohort study. By record-linkage between Danish health registers, 36,087 and 20,537 patients with GD and TNG, respectively, were identified. Each case was matched with four controls without thyroid disease, according to age and sex. Differences in month of birth across the year were evaluated by the Walter–Elwood test. Hazard ratios, for the risk of GD and TNG in individuals born in a certain month or season of the year, were calculated using Cox regression models.

Results
Neither for GD nor for TNG could we demonstrate a significant difference in birth rate across months or seasons of the year (Walter–Elwood’s test; X2 = 5.92 and X2 = 1.27, P = 0.052 and P = 0.53, respectively).

Conclusion
Irrespective of its cause, our findings do not support the hypothesis that season of birth is significantly related to the development of hyperthyroidism.
Molecular detection of virulence genes in Klebsiella Pneumoniae clinical isolates from Kurdistan Province, Iran
Authors: Shakib Pegah , Kalani Morovvat Taheri , Ramazanzadeh Rashid , Ahmadi Amjad , Rouhi Samaneh 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to detect ybtS, entB, mrkD, magA, kfu, iutA, rmpA and K2 genes in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) - and non-ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Methods: To this end, 70 K. pneumoniae isolates were selected from hospitals of Kurdistan Province, Iran. The ESBL phenotype was conducted utilizing the disc diffusion technique in accordance with CLSI procedures. Detection of virulence factor genes was performed by the PCR in the ESBL and non-ESBL isolates.
Results: Sixty-two (88.6%) isolates of K. pneumoniae were ESBL producers. Further, entB had the most frequency in all the isolates. There were no significant differences between ESBL production and the presence of ybt S, entB, mrkD, magA, kfu, iutA, rmpA and K2 genes and the presence of these genes and variables such as presence of sex, clinical specimen type, and hvKP phenotype among the ESBL and non-ESBL K. pneumoniae isolates.
Conclusion: In conclusion, in other studies, K. pneumoniae strains were separated from liver abscesses and the magA gene was frequently present; however, in our study, the K. pneumoniae strains were separated from various clinical specimens and the magA gene had low frequency.
Short Malnourished Children and Fat Accumulation With Food Supplementation
Authors: Fabiansen Christian , Phelan Kevin P.Q. , Cichon Bernardette , Yaméogo Charles W. , Iuel-Brockdorff Ann-Sophie , Kurpad Anura , Wells Jonathan C. , Ritz Christian , Filteau Suzanne , Briend André , Christensen Vibeke B. , Michaelsen Kim F. , Shepherd Susan , Friis Henrik 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
In moderate acute malnutrition programs, it is common practice to not measure mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of children whose length is &lt;67 cm. This is based on expert opinion that supplementation of shorter children with low MUAC and weight-for-height z score ≥−2 may increase risk of excessive fat accumulation. Our aim was to assess if shorter children gain more fat than taller children when treated for moderate acute malnutrition diagnosed by low MUAC alone.

METHODS:
In this observational study, we included children aged 6 to 23 months with a MUAC between 115 and 125 mm and a weight-for-height z score ≥−2. On the basis of length at admission, children were categorized as short if &lt;67 cm and long if ≥67 cm. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess body composition on the basis of deuterium dilution and skinfold thickness.

RESULTS:
After 12 weeks of supplementation, there was no difference in change in fat mass index (−0.038 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.257 to 0.181, P = .74) or fat-free mass index (0.061 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.150 to 0.271, P = .57) in short versus long. In absolute terms, the short children gained both less fat-free mass (−230 g, 95% CI: −355 to −106, P &lt; .001) and fat mass (−97 g, 95% CI: −205 to 10, P = .076). There was no difference in changes in absolute subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness and z scores (P &gt; .5).

CONCLUSIONS:
Short children with low MUAC do not gain excessive fat during supplementation. With these data, we support a recommendation for policy change to include all children ≥6 months with low MUAC in supplementary feeding programs, regardless of length. The use of length as a criterion for measuring MUAC to determine treatment eligibility should be discontinued in policy and practice.
Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Causative Mutations in Families with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract
Authors: van der Ven Amelie T. , Connaughton Dervla M. , Ityel Hadas , Mann Nina , Nakayama Makiko , Chen Jing , Vivante Asaf , Hwang Daw-yang , Schulz Julian , Braun Daniela A. , Schmidt Johanna Magdalena , Schapiro David , Schneider Ronen , Warejko Jillian K. , Daga Ankana , Majmundar Amar J. , Tan Weizhen , Jobst-Schwan Tilman , Hermle Tobias , Widmeier Eugen , Ashraf Shazia , Amar Ali , Hoogstraaten Charlotte A. , Hugo Hannah , Kitzler Thomas M. , Kause Franziska , Kolvenbach Caroline M. , Dai Rufeng , Spaneas Leslie , Amann Kassaundra , Stein Deborah R. , Baum Michelle A. , Somers Michael J.G. , Rodig Nancy M. , Ferguson Michael A. , Traum Avram Z. , Daouk Ghaleb H. , Bogdanović Radovan , Stajić Natasa , Soliman Neveen A. , Kari Jameela A. , El Desoky Sherif , Fathy Hanan M. , Milosevic Danko , Al-Saffar Muna , Awad Hazem S. , Eid Loai A. , Selvin Aravind , Senguttuvan Prabha , Sanna-Cherchi Simone , Rehm Heidi L. , MacArthur Daniel G. , Lek Monkol , Laricchia Kristen M. , Wilson Michael W. , Mane Shrikant M. , Lifton Richard P. , Lee Richard S. , Bauer Stuart B. , Lu Weining , Reutter Heiko M. , Tasic Velibor , Shril Shirlee , Hildebrandt Friedhelm 
Published: August 2018

Background
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most prevalent cause of kidney disease in the first three decades of life. Previous gene panel studies showed monogenic causation in up to 12% of patients with CAKUT.

Methods
We applied whole-exome sequencing to analyze the genotypes of individuals from 232 families with CAKUT, evaluating for mutations in single genes known to cause human CAKUT and genes known to cause CAKUT in mice. In consanguineous or multiplex families, we additionally performed a search for novel monogenic causes of CAKUT.

Results
In 29 families (13%), we detected a causative mutation in a known gene for isolated or syndromic CAKUT that sufficiently explained the patient’s CAKUT phenotype. In three families (1%), we detected a mutation in a gene reported to cause a phenocopy of CAKUT. In 15 of 155 families with isolated CAKUT, we detected deleterious mutations in syndromic CAKUT genes. Our additional search for novel monogenic causes of CAKUT in consanguineous and multiplex families revealed a potential single, novel monogenic CAKUT gene in 19 of 232 families (8%).

Conclusions
We identified monogenic mutations in a known human CAKUT gene or CAKUT phenocopy gene as the cause of disease in 14% of the CAKUT families in this study. Whole-exome sequencing provides an etiologic diagnosis in a high fraction of patients with CAKUT and will provide a new basis for the mechanistic understanding of CAKUT.
Effect of the membrane/protein interaction nature on adsorptive properties of ultrafiltration membranes based on aromatic poly- and copolyamides
Authors: Smirnova N. N. , Nebukina I. A. 
Published: August 2018

Membranes are a science intensive product of interindustry use, without which a breakthrough development of basic and high-technology sectors of economy, development of science as well as effective solution of important goals of the social sphere and problems of environment protections are impossible. Active development of medicine, pharmaceutical industry and biotechnology in the recent years contributed to the growth of scientific and commercial interest in ultrafiltration. The most important characteristic of ultrafiltration membranes is selectivity. According to existing views the basis of the separation mechanism implemented in ultrafiltration is size selectivity. However, such phenomena as concentration polarization and adsorption play a very important role in separation. Investigation of these phenomena is of significant practical interest, because its results in many ways determine the choice of the membrane media, conditions of its recovery, the mode and conditions of filtration. Adsorption of proteins on the surface of porous membranes is a rather complicated process due to the individual mechanism implemented in each specific case. Therefore, the issue of the contribution of various types of interactions into the process of adsorption still remains controversial. To determine the nature of membrane/protein interaction and clarify the factors of its control, the present work involved investigation of sorption of several proteins on a number of synthesized porous membranes based on aromatic polyamides noted for the presence, nature and concentration of ionogenic groups. The investigations were carried out using bovine serum albumin, lysozyme of hen's eggs, myoglobin and bacitracin. Adsorption of proteins by the membranes was investigated in the static mode. The protein concentration was determined using the SF-2000 spectrophotometer (experimental-design bureau Spektr) by optical density at the wave length λ=278 nm. To mathematically process the experimental data, the two-parameter models by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and the three-parameter model by Langmuir-Freundlich were used. To assess the compliance degree of the experimental data to the selected mathematical models, the values of the coefficient of determination (R2) and sum squares errors (SSE) were used. It has been shown that in the case of the presence of charge in protein macromolecules and the membrane surface the role of electrostatic forces is dominant in the protein adsorption mechanism, however, the contribution of non-electrostatic interactions in the investigated membrane/protein systems is significant.