bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress‐induced cortical dopamine response is altered in subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis using cannabis
Authors: Schifani Christin , Pruessner Jens , Tseng Huai‐Hsuan , Rao Naren , Tagore Abanti , Wilson Alan A. , Houle Sylvain , Rusjan Pablo M. , Mizrahi Romina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStress and cannabis use are risk factors for the development of psychosis. We have previously shown that subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) exhibit a higher striatal dopamine response to stress compared with healthy volunteers (HV), with chronic cannabis use blunting this response. However, it is unknown if this abnormal dopamine response extends to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here, we investigated dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) and medial PFC (mPFC) dopamine release using [11C]FLB457 positron emission tomography (PET) and a validated stress task. Thirty‐three participants completed two PET scans (14 CHR without cannabis use, eight CHR regular cannabis users [CHR‐CUs] and 11 HV) while performing a Sensory Motor Control Task (control scan) and the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (stress scan). Stress‐induced dopamine release (ΔBPND) was defined as percent change in D2/3 receptor binding potential between both scans using a novel correction for injected mass of [11C]FLB457. ΔBPND was significantly different between groups in mPFC (F(2,30) = 5.40, .010), with CHR‐CUs exhibiting lower ΔBPND compared with CHR (.008). Similarly, salivary cortisol response (ΔAUCI) was significantly lower in CHR‐CU compared with CHR (F(2,29) = 5.08, .013; post hoc .018) and positively associated with ΔBPND. Furthermore, CHR‐CUs had higher attenuated psychotic symptoms than CHR following the stress task, which were negatively associated with ΔBPND. Length of cannabis use was negatively associated with ΔBPND in mPFC when controlling for current cannabis use. Given the global trend to legalize cannabis, this study is important as it highlights the effects of regular cannabis use on cortical dopamine function in high‐risk youth.
Microclimates of Urban Reproduction: The Limits of Automating Environmental Control
Authors: Lockhart Andy , Marvin Simon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEnclosed, controlled environments, stretching from sites of luxury consumption to urban food production, are proliferating in cities around the world, utilising increasingly advanced techniques for (re)creating and optimising microclimatic conditions for different purposes. However, the role of automated control systems—to filter, reprocess and reassemble atmospheric and metabolic flows with growing precision—remains under‐researched. In this article, we explore the phenomenon of automated environmental control at three sites in the UK city of Sheffield: a botanical glasshouse, a luxury hotel and a university plant growth research lab. In doing so, we first show how controlled environments are constituted through specific relations between the inside and outside, which are embedded in inherently political urban contexts and processes. Second, we identify the technical and ecological tensions and limits of indoor environmental control at each site which limit the scope of automation, and the considerable amount of hidden labour and energy required to maintain and restabilise desired conditions. Drawing on these more established examples of ecological interiorisation in a key moment of transition, we raise urgent questions for critical urban and environmental geographers about the possible futures of controlled environments, their practical or selective scalability, and who and what will be left “outside”, when they are emerging as a strategic form of urban adaptation and immunisation in the face of converging ecological pressures.
Intra‐abdominal desmoid tumor after laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer: A case report
Authors: Maemoto Ryo , Miyakura Yasuyuki , Tamaki Sawako , Takahashi Jun , Takayama Noriya , Fukuda Rintaro , Ishikawa Hideki , Tsujinaka Shingo , Lefor Alan K , Rikiyama Toshiki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDesmoid tumors are monoclonal fibroblastic proliferations arising from soft tissue classified as intra‐abdominal, extra‐abdominal and abdominal wall types. We present a patient with an intra‐abdominal desmoid tumor diagnosed 20 months after laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer. A 70‐year‐old woman with hematochezia was diagnosed with advanced rectal cancer. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by laparoscopic low anterior resection was performed. During follow‐up, a nodular soft‐tissue density measuring 28 mm was detected in the presacral region. Metastasis from rectal cancer was diagnosed and four courses of chemotherapy were given, including capecitabine, oxaliplatin and bevacizumab. Computed tomography scan showed that the mass slightly decreased in size and surgical resection was performed. Histopathological examination revealed a proliferation of spindle‐shaped cells and collagenous stroma diagnosed as a desmoid tumor. This report highlights the possibility of a desmoid tumor in the differential diagnosis of an intra‐abdominal mass found during follow‐up after resection of colorectal cancer including following laparoscopic resection.
Osteology of the Asian narrow‐mouth toad Kaloula borealis (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) with comments on its osteological adaptation to fossorial life
Authors: Zhang Meihua , Chen Xiaohong , Ye Changyuan , Fei Liang , Li Pipeng , Jiang Jianping , Wang Bin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOsteology of vertebrates plays an indispensable role in taxonomy, form‐function evolution and ecological adaptations. The Asian narrow‐mouth toad genus Kaloula is an interesting group that is known for many species having a fossorial life. However, to date, there has been no comprehensive osteological account of Kaloula. Herein, we present the osteology of K. borealis with the help of micro‐CT scanning and double‐staining technologies, which is the first detailed osteological description of the genus. Osteological comparisons with other members of Microhylinae indicate that K. borealis is characterized by the following traits: skull obviously wider than long; suture between frontoparietals narrow; parasphenoid posterior to vomer; premaxilla, maxilla and vomer edentate; clavicles absent; procoracoids small; omosternum and sternum cartilaginous; crista femoris present and large; femur longer than tibiofibula; prehallux including one element. Remarkably, the species possesses a series of osteological specializations that probably are adaptations for the hindlimbs‐first burrowing and a fossorial life, including stout hindlimb, robust crista femoris, tibiofibula shorter than femur, enlarged prehallux, long anterior ramus of the pterygoid and branched bronchial processes of the cricoid. These findings will contribute to the systematics of microhylids and evolutionary interpretations of the osteological adaptation to fossorial life.
Helping parents to help children overcome fear: The influence of a short video tutorial
Authors: Ewing Donna , Pike Alison , Dash Suzanne , Hughes Zoe , Thompson Ellen Jo , Hazell Cassie , Ang Chian Mei , Kucuk Nesya , Laine Amie , Cartwright‐Hatton Sam 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesAnxiety runs in families, and its transmission is largely environmental. However, studies rarely explore this process in clinically anxious parents or ask participants to face a genuine fear. We also do not know whether this process is modifiable. This study will explore these questions using a sample of clinically anxious parents.DesignExperimental design comparing clinically anxious parents with non‐anxious parents, and exploring the effects of a tutorial intervention versus a control group.MethodsParents with and without anxiety disorders and their children (5–9 years) participated (N = 72). Children chose two fearful animal stimuli. Parents helped the child approach the first in graded steps. The following parental behaviours were recorded: positive/negative verbal information; positive/negative modelling; encouragement/praising of approach/avoidance behaviours. Half the parents were then randomly assigned to a short video tutorial advising how to help children cope with fearful situations. The remainder watched a control video. The approach task was repeated with the second stimulus.ResultsParenting behaviours fell into two categories: ‘approach parenting’ (encouraging/praising/modelling approach; positive verbal information) and ‘avoidance parenting’ (encouraging/praising/modelling avoidance; negative verbal information). The parenting tutorial increased ‘approach parenting’ and decreased ‘avoidance parenting’ and was associated with increased child approach towards fearful stimuli. This was not moderated by parent or child anxiety.ConclusionsParenting, particularly ‘avoidance parenting’, is associated with children's approach and avoidance. A short video tutorial modified these parenting behaviours and reduced avoidance. These effects were apparent regardless of parent or child anxiety level.Practitioner points

Avoidance and approach parenting may influence children's response to fearful stimuli.

Avoidance parenting may be more problematic than lack of approach parenting.

Approach and avoidance parenting are amenable to manipulation by short video tutorial.

Parenting improvement resulted in increased approach behaviour in children.
Fostering water resource governance and conservation in the Brazilian Cerrado biome
Authors: Latrubesse Edgardo M. , Arima Eugenio , Ferreira Manuel E. , Nogueira Sergio H. , Wittmann Florian , Dias Murilo S. , Dagosta Fernando C. P. , Bayer Maximiliano 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Brazilian Cerrado, one of the most threatened biomes of our planet, illustrates the challenges and opportunities of reconciling economic development with conservation of land and water ecosystems. Here, we assess the state of the art of and present new information on the impacts of agricultural expansion, dams, and water use, and make recommendations for basin management, conservation, and restoration of water‐related Cerrado ecosystems and rivers. The conservation of the Cerrado requires not only the preservation of remnants of its vegetation but also the ability to keep the hydro‐geomorphological and ecological functionality of its rivers, particularly the Araguaia River, the last large well preserved and unregulated system. If business as usual continues, the Cerrado riverine ecosystems may never rebound.
Geographic Spread of Currency Trading: The Renminbi and Other Emerging Market Currencies
Authors: Cheung Yin‐Wong , McCauley Robert N , Shu Chang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the ongoing diffusion of renminbi (RMB) trading across the globe, the first of such research of an international currency. It analyses the distribution in offshore RMB trading in 2013 and 2016 using comprehensive data from the Triennial Central Bank Survey of foreign exchange markets. In 2013, Asian centers favored by the policy of RMB internationalization had disproportionate shares in global RMB trading. Over the following three years, RMB trading seemed to converge to the spatial pattern of all currencies, with a half‐life of seven to eight years. The previously most traded emerging market currency, the Mexican peso, shows a similar pattern, although it is converging to the global norm more slowly. Three other emerging market currencies show a qualitatively similar evolution in the geography of their offshore trading. Overall, the RMB's internationalization is tracing an arc from the influence of administrative measures to the working of market forces.
Age at diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes in Germany: a nationwide analysis based on claims data from 69 million people
Authors: Jacobs E. , Rathmann W. , Tönnies T. , Arendt D. , Marchowez M. , Veith L. , Kuss O. , Brinks R. , Hoyer A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimFor many European countries, including Germany, no valid estimates are available on age at diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes. Thus, we aimed to estimate the age at diagnosis in Germany.MethodsAge at diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes in Germany was estimated based on Type 2 diabetes prevalence and incidence and the age distribution of the German population. Age‐ and sex‐specific incidence and prevalence in 2014/2015, based on claims data from statutory health insurance (n= 69 000 000, ~85% of the German population), and the age pyramid for Germany in 2015 were used for the calculation. Age at Type 2 diabetes diagnosis was stratified by sex. CIs were estimated using bootstrap methods. In addition, the age range in which 50% of the population received a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes was calculated (the interquartile range).ResultsThe mean ± sd age at Type 2 diabetes diagnosis in 2015 was 61.0 ± 13.4 years (95% CI 60.9–61.0) in men. Women were diagnosed ~2 years later than men (mean age 63.4 ± 14.9 years; 95% CI 63.4–63.5). The age range in which 50% of the population was diagnosed with diabetes was 53–72 years for men and 54–76 years for women.ConclusionsThe sex differences are mainly attributable to a higher incidence of Type 2 diabetes in men than women during middle age and the higher absolute number of women in the older ages. The early age at diabetes diagnosis compared to average life expectancy means that the risk of diabetes‐related complications is increased.
Epstein‐Barr virus associated post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder mimicking acute graft versus host disease
Authors: Prem Shruti , Al‐Shaibani Zeyad , Michelis Fotios V. , Kim Dennis , Viswabandya Auro , Lipton Jeffrey Howard , Kumar Rajat , Mattsson Jonas , Law Arjun , Lam Wilson 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a case series of 3 patients to highlight the fact that PTLD post‐transplant can mimic GVHD, and should be part of the differential diagnosis for diarrhea post allo‐HCT. Awareness of this presentation has important therapeutic implications, as increased immune suppression for the management of GVHD, can worsen clinical features of PTLD. Diagnostic imaging and tissue biopsies should be undertaken early in post‐transplant patients presenting with diarrhea or hepatic abnormalities, especially with atypical presentations like fever, and EBV PCR monitoring can expedite clinical decision‐making in such complicated scenarios while awaiting results of gut biopsies.
Completion of a Stand‐Alone Versus Coach‐Supported Trial of a Web‐Based Program for Distressed Relationships
Authors: Rothman Karen , Roddy McKenzie K. , Doss Brian D. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo assess program completion of the online OurRelationship program with varying levels of paraprofessional support in an effort to further examine the role of coach support in self‐help couple interventions.BackgroundAlthough the OurRelationship program for distressed couples has been found to statistically improve relationship and individual functioning, the program's provision of paraprofessional coach support limits its dissemination and implementation.MethodUsing an interrupted time series design, we compared completion rates of those who enrolled in a trial of OurRelationship with no coach support (n = 529 couples) to completion rates of a previous trial of OurRelationship in which couples were randomized to receive either one (n = 179 couples) or four (n = 177 couples) calls with a coach.ResultsIndividuals were statistically less likely to complete the OurRelationship program when they were not provided a coach than they were when provided with either one or four coach calls. Analyses of moderators of completion rates revealed that a coach was generally equally helpful across demographic factors and measures of baseline relationship and individual functioning; however, coaching was especially helpful for Hispanic individuals and those without elevated depressive symptoms at baseline.ConclusionsEven a single call with a coach yields higher completion of an online program for relationship distress.ImplicationsThe findings highlight the growing need for tests of alternate types of program support, such as automated support, in an effort to reduce program costs and increase potential for dissemination without negatively affecting program completion rates.
Anti‐CRISPR AcrIIC3 discriminates between Cas9 orthologs via targeting the variable surface of the HNH nuclease domain
Authors: Kim Youngim , Lee Sang Jae , Yoon Hye‐Jin , Kim Nak‐Kyoon , Lee Bong‐Jin , Suh Jeong‐Yong 
Published: August 2019

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐Cas systems constitute the adaptive immunity of bacteria and archaea, degrading nucleic acids of invading phages and plasmids. In response, phages employ anti‐CRISPR (Acr) proteins as a counterdefense mechanism to neutralize the host immunity. AcrIIC3 directly inhibits target DNA cleavage of type II‐C Cas9 of Neisseria meningitidis. Here, we show that AcrIIC3 interacts with the HNH nuclease domain of N. meningitidis Cas9 to inhibit its nuclease activity in an allosteric manner. The crystal structure of the AcrIIC3–HNH complex reveals that AcrIIC3 binds opposite the active site on the HNH nuclease domain. AcrIIC3 employs a unique interface for HNH, allowing it to discriminate between Cas9 orthologs, which contrasts with the broad spectrum of Cas9 inhibition by AcrIIC1. Interface residues of HNH provide key electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions that determine the host specificity of AcrIIC3. Mutations that replace HNH interfaces of N. meningitidis Cas9 with those of Geobacillus stearothermophilus Cas9 or Campylobacter jejuni Cas9 significantly attenuate AcrIIC3 binding, illustrating that the divergent interaction surface confers the host specificity of AcrIIC3. Our study demonstrates that the variable sequences of binding interface can define the target specificity of Acr proteins, suggesting potential applications in Cas9 control for gene editing.
A general scenario of fish‐eye crack initiation on the life of high‐strength steels in the very high‐cycle fatigue regime
Authors: Wang Chong , Liu Yongjie , Nikitin Alexander , Wang Qingyuan , Zhou Min 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhen high‐strength steels are subjected to very high‐cycle fatigue loading, crack initiation site shifts from surfaces to the interior, and a fish‐eye forms on the fracture surface. Majority of the fatigue life is estimated to be associated with the formation of this internal crack morphology. In the present work, features of such internal cracks in two high‐strength steels are studied. Specifically, three initiation patterns are investigated. A general internal crack initiating scenario is proposed base on an understanding of dislocation slip in the materials. A simplified threshold is calculated from Young's modulus and interatomic spacing, defining the transition from the initiation stage to the crack propagation. The relationship between internal crack initiation and slower descending S‐N curves is discussed.
Oxygen‐Containing Compounds Identified in Groundwater from Fuel Release Sites Using GCxGC‐TOF‐MS
Authors: O'Reilly Kirk T. , Mohler Rachel E. , Zemo Dawn A. , Ahn Sungwoo , Magaw Renae I. , Espino Devine Catalina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis research continues a 7‐year study of oxygen‐containing organic compounds present in groundwater at gasoline and diesel fuel release sites that are quantified as diesel‐range “total petroleum hydrocarbons” when measured by methods utilizing solvent extraction and gas chromatography. Two‐dimensional gas chromatography with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used to tentatively identify 1162 compounds (TICs) in 113 groundwater samples from 22 sites. Samples were collected from wells either upgradient of the release, within the source zone, or downgradient of the source but still within the plume of dissolved organics associated with release. The names and formulas of all TICs found in samples from each well type are presented and the results from upgradient and downgradient locations are compared in detail. About 60% of the most frequently detected TICs in downgradient wells were also detected in upgradient wells. A majority of these were saturated straight chain alkyl acids, commonly called fatty acids, or fatty acid esters. Of TICs frequently detected in downgradient wells but not upgradient wells, over half were branched alkyl alcohols. Hierarchical cluster analysis results suggest about 80% of the chemical composition of downgradient samples is more similar to upgradient samples than to source area samples. This similarity is due to the presence of the same types of fatty acids and esters. Principal component analysis indicates a continuum of biodegradation between the source area and downgradient samples with the latter becoming more consistent with upgradient samples. Results suggest some TICs may not be petroleum degradation intermediates but compounds synthesized by microorganisms through secondary production and carbon cycling.
Neonatal diabetes caused by the heterozygous Pro1198Leu mutation in the ABCC8 gene in a male infant: 6‐year clinical course
Authors: Uraki Shinsuke , Furuta Hiroto , Miyawaki Masakazu , Matsutani Norihiko , Shima Yuko , Iwamoto Miki , Matsuno Shohei , Morita Shuhei , Furuta Machi , Doi Asako , Iwakura Hiroshi , Ariyasu Hiroyuki , Nishi Masahiro , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Akamizu Takashi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeonatal diabetes is a rare disease, often caused by a monogenic abnormality. A male infant patient developed diabetic ketoacidosis at 2 months‐of‐age due to the heterozygous ABCC8 gene mutation (p.Pro1198Leu). After genetic diagnosis, insulin therapy was successfully transitioned to oral sulfonylurea therapy. For >6 years, oral sulfonylurea therapy has been safe and effective, and the required amount of sulfonylureas has progressively decreased. The mutation was transmitted in an autosomal‐dominant fashion across three generations of his family, but the severity of diabetes varied among members from neonatal diabetes to mild diabetes. One family member had normal glucose tolerance despite having the mutation. This case presentation could help in the understanding of neonatal diabetes caused by the ABCC8 gene mutation.
Plectorhinchus macrolepis (Actinopterygii: Haemulidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Adelir‐Alves J. , Spier D. , Gerum H. L. N. , Machado L. F. , Spach H. L. , Boza B. R. , Oliveira C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMorphometric measurements, meristic counts and DNA barcoding identified the presence of a biglip grunt Plectorhinchus macrolepis in the western Atlantic Ocean. As the species is endemic to the tropical eastern Atlantic Ocean and has not previously been reported in the western Atlantic Ocean, we discuss the possible means by which it might have dispersed to the western Atlantic Ocean. Even though this species is not considered established in Paranaguá Bay, we advocate monitoring of possible new individuals and other exotic fish species.