bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attribution analysis of changing pan evaporation in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Cungui , Liu Fenggui , Shen Yanjun 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTPan evaporation (Epan) is reported to have exhibited a decreasing trend in many regions of the world over the past several decades. However, recently, the latest studies have discovered the inconsistent phenomenon that the Epan of some regions showed an increasing trend with climate change. Epan is regarded as a critical indicator that plays a significant role in atmospheric evaporative demand, and its trend has an important significant indication to climate change and ecological environment changes. In this article, we adopted the PenPan model and the method of the total short‐wave irradiance of the pan to reparameterize the PenPan‐20 model for the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). In addition, we employed sensitivity and a contribution model to analyse the attribution of changes in Epan under climate change over the QTP in 1970–2011. The results showed that the PenPan model can be applied to QTP. Furthermore, the results showed significant decreasing trends of Epan in 1970–2001 and insignificant increasing trends of Epan in 2002–2011. Therefore, we compartmentalized the two periods to analyse the cause of changing Epan by sensitivity and contribution rate. Trend analysis determined that the combined effects of decreasing net radiation and wind speed contributed to the decreasing of Epan in 1970–2001, and the increasing vapour pressure deficit contributed to the increasing of Epan in the study area in 2002–2011. Meanwhile, sensitivity analysis revealed that net radiation was the most sensitive factor. In addition, the results of analysis of the contribution rate were consistent with trend analysis. The dominant factor of changing Epan varied in different periods via qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Multiple system atrophy and apolipoprotein E
Authors: Ogaki Kotaro , Martens Yuka A. , Heckman Michael G. , Koga Shunsuke , Labbé Catherine , Lorenzo‐Betancor Oswaldo , Wernick Anna I. , Walton Ronald L. , Soto Alexandra I. , Vargas Emily R. , Nielsen Henrietta M. , Fujioka Shinsuke , Kanekiyo Takahisa , Uitti Ryan J. , van Gerpen Jay A. , Cheshire William P. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Low Phillip A. , Singer Wolfgang , Dickson Dennis W. , Bu Guojun , Ross Owen A. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: Dysregulation of the specialized lipid metabolism involved in myelin synthesis and maintenance by oligodendrocytes has been associated with the unique neuropathology of MSA. We hypothesized that apolipoprotein E, which is associated with neurodegeneration, may also play a role in the pathogenesis of MSA.Objective: This study evaluated genetic associations of Apolipoprotein E alleles with risk of MSA and α‐synuclein pathology, and also examined whether apolipoprotein E isoforms differentially affect α‐synuclein uptake in a oligodendrocyte cell.Methods: One hundred sixty‐eight pathologically confirmed MSA patients, 89 clinically diagnosed MSA patients, and 1,277 control subjects were genotyped for Apolipoprotein E. Human oligodendrocyte cell lines were incubated with α‐synuclein and recombinant human apolipoprotein E, with internalized α‐synuclein imaged by confocal microscopy and cells analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: No significant association with risk of MSA or was observed for either Apolipoprotein E ɛ2 or ɛ4. α‐Synuclein burden was also not associated with Apolipoprotein E alleles in the pathologically confirmed patients. Interestingly, in our cell assays, apolipoprotein E ɛ4 significantly reduced α‐synuclein uptake in the oligodendrocytic cell line.Conclusions: Despite differential effects of apolipoprotein E isoforms on α‐synuclein uptake in a human oligodendrocytic cell, we did not observe a significant association at the Apolipoprotein E locus with risk of MSA or α‐synuclein pathology. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Selection of Normative Group Affects Rates of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Wyman‐Chick Kathryn A. , Martin Phillip K. , Weintraub Daniel , Sperling Scott A. , Erickson Lauren O. , Manning Carol A. , Barrett Matthew J. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of different methods of standardizing cognitive data in the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative.Methods: Cognitive data from 423 participants with Parkinson's disease were included (age = 61.7 [9.7], education = 15.6 [3.0]). Internal norms were calculated using the group mean and standard deviation of the healthy control group. Published norms were compared to the overall group mean of and to age‐stratified norms from healthy controls for each neuropsychological test over 4 visits. Rates of mild cognitive impairment were calculated using established criteria.Results: The use of internal norms resulted in lower standardized scores than published norms on all tests with the exception of memory and processing speed (P ≤ .001). Individuals were 1.5 to 2.1 times more likely to be diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment using internal norms than published norms.Conclusions: Standardization approaches with cognitive data are not interchangeable. Selection of a normative comparison group impacts research and clinical interpretations of cognitive data. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Tolerance limits and methodologies forIMRTmeasurement‐based verificationQA:Recommendations ofAAPMTask Group No. 218
Authors: Miften Moyed , Olch Arthur , Mihailidis Dimitris , Moran Jean , Pawlicki Todd , Molineu Andrea , Li Harold , Wijesooriya Krishni , Shi Jie , Xia Ping , Papanikolaou Nikos , Low Daniel A. 
Published: February 2018

PurposePatient‐specificIMRT QAmeasurements are important components of processes designed to identify discrepancies between calculated and delivered radiation doses. Discrepancy tolerance limits are neither well defined nor consistently applied across centers. TheAAPM TG‐218 report provides a comprehensive review aimed at improving the understanding and consistency of these processes as well as recommendations for methodologies and tolerance limits in patient‐specificIMRT QA.MethodsThe performance of the dose difference/distance‐to‐agreement (DTA) and γ dose distribution comparison metrics are investigated. Measurement methods are reviewed and followed by a discussion of the pros and cons of each. Methodologies for absolute dose verification are discussed and newIMRT QAverification tools are presented. Literature on the expected or achievable agreement between measurements and calculations for different types of planning and delivery systems are reviewed and analyzed. Tests of vendor implementations of the γ verification algorithm employing benchmark cases are presented.ResultsOperational shortcomings that can reduce the γ tool accuracy and subsequent effectiveness forIMRT QAare described. Practical considerations including spatial resolution, normalization, dose threshold, and data interpretation are discussed. Published data onIMRT QAand the clinical experience of the group members are used to develop guidelines and recommendations on tolerance and action limits forIMRT QA. Steps to check failedIMRT QAplans are outlined.ConclusionRecommendations on delivery methods, data interpretation, dose normalization, the use of γ analysis routines and choice of tolerance limits forIMRT QAare made with focus on detecting differences between calculated and measured doses via the use of robust analysis methods and an in‐depth understanding ofIMRTverification metrics. The recommendations are intended to improve theIMRT QAprocess and establish consistent, and comparableIMRT QAcriteria among institutions.
An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for the assessment of sexual health of women with pelvic floor dysfunction
Authors: Rogers Rebecca G. , Pauls Rachel N. , Thakar Ranee , Morin Melanie , Kuhn Annette , Petri Eckhard , Fatton Brigitte , Whitmore Kristene , Kinsberg Sheryl , Lee Joseph 
Published: February 2018

AimsThe terminology in current use for sexual function and dysfunction in women with pelvic floor disorders lacks uniformity, which leads to uncertainty, confusion, and unintended ambiguity. The terminology for the sexual health of women with pelvic floor dysfunction needs to be collated in a clinically‐based consensus report.MethodsThis report combines the input of members of the Standardization and Terminology Committees of two International Organizations, the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA), and the International Continence Society (ICS), assisted at intervals by many external referees. Internal and external review was developed to exhaustively examine each definition, with decision‐making by collective opinion (consensus). Importantly, this report is not meant to replace, but rather complement current terminology used in other fields for female sexual health and to clarify terms specific to women with pelvic floor dysfunction.ResultsA clinically based terminology report for sexual health in women with pelvic floor dysfunction encompassing over 100 separate definitions, has been developed. Key aims have been to make the terminology interpretable by practitioners, trainees, and researchers in female pelvic floor dysfunction. Interval review (5‐10 years) is anticipated to keep the document updated and as widely acceptable as possible.ConclusionA consensus‐based terminology report for female sexual health in women with pelvic floor dysfunction has been produced aimed at being a significant aid to clinical practice and a stimulus for research.
A cross sectional single institution study of quality of life in adult patients with spina bifida
Authors: Coco Caitlin T. , Meenakshi‐Sundaram Bhalaajee , Eldefrawy Ahmed , Henry Millard L. , Watts Tanya , Aston Christopher E. , Lewis Jennifer , Frimberger Dominic C. , Slobodov Gennady 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo describe and compare differences in perception of independence, urinary continence, and quality of life in an adult spina bifida (SB) population.MethodsWe collected data on adult neurogenic bladder patients which included demographics, relevant procedures, and quality of life (QoL) questionnaires. QoL and functional outcomes were assessed using spinal cord independence measure (SCIM) and SF‐8 health questionnaire. International consultation of incontinence questionnaire (ICIQ) was used to assess incontinence. Comparisons were drawn between patients who underwent surgical reconstruction and those who did not. Student t‐tests were used for comparisons and a P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsFifty‐four patients with SB were included. A total of 43% underwent bladder augmentation (BA) and 30% underwent antegrade continence enema (ACE). Patients with BA scored 49 ± 25 on the SCIM survey while those without had higher scores of 68 ± 19 with a P‐value of 0.016. This difference remained evident when patients with ACE were excluded. When comparing ICIQ and SF‐8, no statistically significant differences were found between those who underwent surgical procedures and those who did not.ConclusionsAssessing QoL in congenital NGB patients is a complex task. In our cohort, patients who underwent BA and ACE were shown to have decreased SCIM scores. SCIM scores for BA patients were significantly higher in patients who did not receive a BA independent of ACE status. SF‐8 and ICIQ scores did not show any statistically significant difference in quality of life survey scores in those who underwent procedures versus those who did not.
Design of an optical sensor for ethylene based on nanofiber bacterial cellulose film and its application for determination of banana storage time
Authors: Pirsa Sajad , Chavoshizadeh Sona 
Published: February 2018

In this work, new ethylene gas sensor was developed on the basis of portable bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofiber film doped with KMnO4 (K‐BC). The relationship between the concentration of KMnO4 (8 × 10−3, 8 × 10−4, and 8 × 10−5 mol L−1) and the optical and morphological properties of ethylene sensor was investigated. The Fourier‐transform infrared results showed that some new interactions have occurred between BC membrane and KMnO4. The significant reduction in the relative intensity of the characteristic X‐ray diffraction peak of BC in the doped films clearly indicates that the crystalline fraction decreases as a result of KMnO4 addition. The fabricated K‐BC was used for determination of ethylene concentration. The color, clarity, and absorbance of film at different concentrations of ethylene (10‐2000 μg mL−1) were determined by spectrophotometer. Moisture absorption and water vapor permeability of BC were increased by the addition of KMnO4. Finally, the ethylene optical sensor was used for detection and determination of ethylene concentration in the bunch banana packages.
What is the real “price” of more prenatal screening and fewer diagnostic procedures? Costs and trade‐offs in the genomic era
Authors: Hui Lisa , Norton Mary 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAny screening approach, including with cell‐free DNA, will have an inferior detection rate compared with 100% diagnostic testing with chromosomal microarrays. Cell‐free DNA‐based screening, however, should not be seen as a threat to informed choice or maximising the benefits of diagnostic testing. Screening methods have become so much better that more women are now comfortable relying on such screening and do not need the certainty of a diagnostic test. This has not lead to a decline in detection of fetal chromosome abnormalities—in fact, we are now seeing historically high yields from prenatal screening.There are both economic and ethical consequences of offering universal diagnostic testing and abandoning the presumption of a normal infant in otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies. However, for some women, comprehensive information and diagnostic accuracy are important. Offering these women all options, with a careful and comprehensive explanation of the risks and benefits of each, results in outcomes that are best aligned with woman's preferences while at the same time requiring fewer diagnostic tests and lowering costs. It is one of the primary challenges of the modern era of prenatal testing to ensure that women receive sufficient information on which to make informed decisions.
Psychosocial functioning and risk factors among siblings of children with cancer: An updated systematic review
Authors: Long Kristin A. , Lehmann Vicky , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Carpenter Aubrey L. , Marsland Anna L. , Alderfer Melissa A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesSiblings' psychosocial adjustment to childhood cancer is poorly understood. This systematic review summarizes findings and limitations of the sibling literature since 2008, provides clinical recommendations, and offers future research directions.MethodMEDLINE/Pubmed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PsycINFO were searched for articles related to siblings, psychosocial functioning, and pediatric cancer. After systematic screening, studies meeting inclusion criteria were rated for scientific merit, and findings were extracted and synthesized. In total, 102 studies were included (63 quantitative, 35 qualitative, 4 mixed‐methods).ResultsMethodological limitations are common. Mean levels of anxiety, depression, and general adjustment are similar across siblings and comparisons, but symptoms of cancer‐related posttraumatic stress are prevalent. School‐aged siblings display poorer academic functioning and more absenteeism but similar peer relationships as peers. Quality of life findings are mixed. Adult siblings engage in higher levels of risky health behaviors and may have poorer health outcomes than comparisons. Risk factors for poor sibling adjustment include lower social support, poorer family functioning, lower income, non‐White race, and shorter time since diagnosis, but findings are inconsistent. Qualitative themes include siblings' maturity, compassion, and autonomy, but also strong negative emotions, uncertainty, family disruptions, limited parental support, school problems, altered friendships, and unmet needs.ConclusionDespite methodological limitations, research indicates a strong need for sibling support. Clinical recommendations include identifying at‐risk siblings and developing interventions to facilitate family communication and increase siblings' social support, cancer‐related knowledge, and treatment involvement. Future longitudinal studies focusing on mechanisms and moderators of siblings' adjustment would inform timing and targets of psychosocial care.
Respirable powder formulation of a shortened vasoactive intestinal peptide analog for treatment of airway inflammatory diseases
Authors: Suzuki Hiroki , Mizumoto Takahiro , Seto Yoshiki , Sato Hideyuki , Onoue Satomi 
Published: February 2018

The aim of present study was to develop a respirable powder (RP) of a shortened vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) analog for inhalation. VIP and C‐terminally truncated VIP analogs were synthesized with a solid‐phase method. A structure‐activity relationship (SAR) study was carried out in terms with binding and relaxant activities of the peptides. Prepared RP formulation of a shortened VIP analog was physicochemically characterized by morphological, in vitro aerodynamic, and pharmacological assessments. The SAR study demonstrated that the N‐terminal 23 amino acid residues were required for biological activity of VIP. Upon chemical modification of VIP(1–23), [R15, 20, 21, L17]‐VIP(1–23) was newly developed, which had higher binding activity in rat lung and smooth muscle relaxant effect in mouse stomach than VIP(1–23). The [R15, 20, 21, L17]‐VIP(1–23)‐based RP, [R15, 20, 21, L17]‐VIP(1–23)/RP, exhibited fine in vitro inhalation performance. Airway inflammation evoked by sensitization of antigen in rats was attenuated by pre‐treatment with the [R15, 20, 21, L17]‐VIP(1–23)/RP at a dose of 50 μg‐[R15, 20, 21, L17]‐VIP(1–23)/rat as evidenced by a 70% reduction of recruited inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. On the basis of these results, [R15, 20, 21, L17]‐VIP(1–23)/RP might be a promising agent for treatment of airway inflammatory diseases.
Identification of metabolites of anticancer candidate salinomycin using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight and hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Olejnik Małgorzata , Radko Lidia , Jedziniak Piotr 
Published: February 2018

RationaleSalinomycin is an ionophore antibiotic with potential anticancer activity. The history of its use in veterinary medicine shows large differences in species susceptibility to its toxicity. At the same time, the results of research to date suggest a correlation between the extent and pathways of ionophore biotransformation and its toxicity. The biotransformation pattern of salinomycin has not been studied so far.MethodsExtracts from culture media of human hepatoma cells (HepG2) exposed to salinomycin were analysed with two mass spectrometry techniques. For the first one, micro‐liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (Q‐TOF) mass spectrometer was used. In the second approach, high‐performance liquid chromatography was coupled with a hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap. Both experiments were operated in positive electrospray ionization mode. To identify unknown salinomycin metabolites, information‐dependent acquisition was applied.ResultsMetabolites identified with tandem mass spectrometry included hydroxylated, demethylated and hydroxylated–demethylated derivatives, in total 14 compounds. Using high resolution, only eight isomers of hydroxysalinomycin were detected. The efficiency of biotransformation was low, and so was the abundance of the signals; only for two metabolites did the signal exceed 1% of the salinomycin signal. The analysis of fragmentation patterns narrowed the structure combinations but the actual modification site could not be specified.ConclusionsTandem mass spectrometry was more sensitive in the identification of salinomycin metabolites in comparison to the Q‐TOF approach. Because of low efficiency of biotransformation of the applied model, the obtained fragmentation data are not sufficient to fully characterize the detected compounds. A study with more metabolically active primary hepatocytes is needed.
Validation of the Japanese Version of the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome Score
Authors: Akizuki Emi , Matsuno Hiroshi , Satoyoshi Tetsuta , Ishii Masayuki , Usui Akihiro , Ueki Tomomi , Nishidate Toshihiko , Okita Kenji , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Mori Masaki , Takemasa Ichiro 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score is a patient‐reported outcome measure to evaluate the severity of bowel dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery by scoring the major symptoms of LARS. The aim of this study was to translate the English version of the LARS score into Japanese and to investigate the validity and reliability of the LARS score.MethodsThe LARS score was translated in Japanese following current international recommendations. A total of 149 rectal cancer patients completed the LARS score questionnaire and were also asked a single question assessing the impact of bowel function on quality of life (QoL). A total of 136 patients answered the LARS score questionnaire twice.ResultsThe Japanese LARS score showed high convergent validity, based on its good correlation between the LARS score and QoL (p < 0.001). The LARS score was able to discriminate between patients according to the tumor distance to anal verge (p < 0.001), type of surgery (p < 0.001), and time since surgery (p = 0.001). Patients after ultra‐low anterior resection and intersphincteric resection showed especially high scores. The score also had high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.87).ConclusionThe Japanese LARS score is a valid and reliable tool for measuring LARS. The LARS score is appropriate for assessments in postoperative bowel function and international comparison. Using this score, patient‐reported outcome measures of LARS in Japanese patients can be shared internationally. Additional validation reports from non‐English speaking countries can support the LARS score as a worldwide assessment tool for postoperative bowel dysfunction.
Maturation of the [Ni–4Fe–4S] active site of carbon monoxide dehydrogenases
Authors: Merrouch Mériem , Benvenuti Martino , Lorenzi Marco , Léger Christophe , Fourmond Vincent , Dementin Sébastien 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Nickel-containing enzymes are diverse in terms of function and active site structure. In many cases, the biosynthesis of the active site depends on accessory proteins which transport and insert the Ni ion. We review and discuss the literature related to the maturation of carbon monoxide dehydrogenases (CODH) which bear a nickel-containing active site consisting of a [Ni–4Fe–4S] center called the C-cluster. The maturation of this center has been much less studied than that of other nickel-containing enzymes such as urease and NiFe hydrogenase. Several proteins present in certain CODH operons, including the nickel-binding proteins CooT and CooJ, still have unclear functions. We question the conception that the maturation of all CODH depends on the accessory protein CooC described as essential for nickel insertion into the active site. The available literature reveals biological variations in CODH active site biosynthesis.