bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External Hazard Coinciding With Small Break LOCA—Thermohydraulic Calculation With System Code ATHLET
Authors: Kosowski Kai , Seidl Marcus 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The safety behaviors of a nuclear power plant (NPP) after an external hazard-initiated event, as well as after a small break (SB) loss of coolant accident (LOCA), are already well known as part of the analyses made for standard license application. The coincidence of both events leads to a beyond-design basis consideration. Such a combination of both event categories is investigated by means of the thermohydraulic system code ATHLET. The scenario assumes an external event with a LOCA caused by induced vibrations on a small pipe attached to the primary circuit, although all pipes are designed to withstand the loads created by such an external event. Furthermore, in the context of both robustness and enveloping analyses, both a loss of offsite power (LOOP) and an unavailability of the emergency diesel power supply are postulated. The NPP in the scenario considered only has access to the passive accumulators and to systems supplied via the safeguard emergency diesel engines (second quartet of emergency diesel engines), which are housed in the bunkered emergency feed building. The dedicated type of external event itself is not in focus, but rather the thermohydraulic behavior of the NPP is considered. Apart from the model's assumptions, the accident sequence is explained in detail. The remaining systems for emergency core cooling are capable of handling the LOCA under such demanding boundary conditions. Long-term cooling can be ensured. Furthermore, heat removal out of the core is always sufficient. Eventually, all safety protection objectives have been complied for this beyond-design basis scenario.
Method Based on Characteristic Ray Information for Arbitrary Geometry Volume Calculation in NECP-X
Authors: Zhou Xinyu , Liu Zhouyu , Cao Lu , Cao Liangzhi , Wu Hongchun , Han Yu , Tang Chuntao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The constructive solid geometry (CSG) method is widely used in the Monte Carlo community because of its geometry flexibility. As the requirements of designing new reactors and development of deterministic methods, the CSG method is adopted for the geometry modeling in the deterministic numerical nuclear reactor physics codes to construct complex geometries in recent years. In the new developed numerical nuclear reactor physics code NECP-X, the CSG method is also implemented to expand its geometric modeling capability, but it is difficult to efficiently calculate the volume of complex geometries. This work develops a new efficient method for calculating volume of arbitrarily complex geometries for NECP-X. Rather than implementing the sampling method, the new developed method is based on the characteristic ray information, which is used for the method of characteristics (MOC) sweeping in NECP-X. The implementation shows that this method is very convenient to be applied to the MOC codes. A set of cases such as pin-cell and hexagonal rod-bundle assembly problems are tested to show the accuracy and performance.
Hull Shape Actuation for Speed Regulation in an Underwater Vehicle
Authors: DeVries Levi , Kutzer Michael D. M. , Bass Archie , Richmond Rebecca 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have shown great promise in fulfilling surveillance, scavenging, and monitoring tasks. Traditional gliders and streamlined AUVs are designed for long-term operational efficiency in expansive environments but are limited in cluttered spaces due to their shape and control authority; agile AUVs can penetrate cluttered or sensitive environments but are limited in operational endurance at large spatial scales. This paper presents the dynamic modeling and control design of an underwater hull capable of actuating its shape morphology. The prototype hull incorporates flexible, buckled fiberglass ribs to ensure a rigid shape that is actuated by modulating the length of the body’s semi-major axis. We represent the vehicle shape using a single control input actuating the vehicle’s length-to-diameter ratio. Hydrodynamic modeling of the flexible hull suggests that dynamic shape actuation can modulate the mass and drag properties of the hull to improve control of the vehicle’s forward speed. Using tools from nonlinear control theory, this paper presents the derivation of a shape-actuating autonomous control algorithm regulating the vehicle speed to a time-varying reference speed, subject to the actuator limits. The theoretical control results are illustrated using numerical simulations of the vehicle model.
Ultrasound Imaging Characterization of Soft Tissue Dynamics of the Seated Human Body
Authors: Yamada Daisuke , Değirmenci Alperen , Howe Robert D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To characterize the dynamics of internal soft organs and external anatomical structures, this paper presents a system that combines medical ultrasound imaging with an optical tracker and a vertical exciter that imparts whole-body vibrations on seated subjects. The spatial and temporal accuracy of the system was validated using a phantom with calibrated internal structures, resulting in 0.224 mm maximum root-mean-square (r.m.s.) position error and 13 ms maximum synchronization error between sensors. In addition to the dynamics of the head and sternum, stomach dynamics were characterized by extracting the centroid of the stomach from the ultrasound images. The system was used to characterize the subject-specific body dynamics as well as the intrasubject variabilities caused by excitation pattern (frequency up-sweep, down-sweep, and white noise, 1–10 Hz), excitation amplitude (1 and 2 m/s2 r.m.s.), seat compliance (rigid and soft), and stomach filling (empty and 500 mL water). Human subjects experiments (n = 3) yielded preliminary results for the frequency response of the head, sternum, and stomach. The method presented here provides the first detailed in vivo characterization of internal and external human body dynamics. Tissue dynamics characterized by the system can inform design of vehicle structures and adaptive control of seat and suspension systems, as well as validate finite element models for predicting passenger comfort in the early stages of vehicle design.
Estimation of cost-based prices for injectable medicines in the WHO Essential Medicines List
Authors: Gotham Dzintars , Barber Melissa Joy , Hill Andrew M 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesChallenges remain in ensuring universal access to affordable essential medicines. We previously estimated the expected generic prices based on cost of production for medicines in solid oral formulations (ie, capsules or tablets) on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML). The objectives of this analysis were to estimate cost-based prices for injectable medicines on the EML and to compare these to lowest current prices in England, South Africa, and India.DesignData on the cost of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) exported from India were extracted from an online database of customs declarations (www.infodriveindia.com). A formula was designed to use API price data to estimate a cost-based price, by adding the costs of converting API to a finished pharmaceutical product, including the cost of formulation in vials or ampoules, transportation and an average profit margin.ResultsFor injectable formulations on the WHO EML, medicines had prices above the estimated cost-based price in 77% of comparisons in England (median ratio 2.54), and 62% in South Africa (median ratio 1.48), while 85% of medicines in India had prices below estimated cost-based price (median ratio 0.30). 19% of injectable medicines in England, 9% in South Africa, and 5% in India had prices more than 10 times the estimated cost-based price. Medicines that appeared in the top 20 by ratio of lowest current price to estimated cost-based price for more than one country included numerous oncology medicines—irinotecan, leuprorelin, ifosfamide, daunorubicin, filgrastim and mesna—as well as valproic acid and ciclosporin.ConclusionsEstimating manufacturing costs can identify cases in which profit margins for medicines may be set significantly higher than average.
Pragmatic cluster randomised double-blind pilot and feasibility trial of an active behavioural physiotherapy intervention for acute non-specific neck pain: a mixed-methods protocol
Authors: Wiangkham Taweewat , Uthaikhup Sureeporn , Rushton Alison B 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionNon-specific neck pain causes pain and disability and contributes substantial socioeconomic burden internationally. Up to 50% of adults experience neck pain annually, leading to reduced the quality of life. An active behavioural physiotherapy intervention (ABPI) may be feasible to manage patients with acute non-specific neck pain to prevent transition to chronicity. A recent pilot and feasibility trial investigating an acute whiplash-associated disorder population found potential value of the ABPI with 95% of participants fully recovered (Neck Disability Index: NDI ≤4, compared with 17% in the standard physiotherapy arm); supporting a definitive trial. Qualitative findings from the physiotherapists supported the potential of the ABPI in a non-specific neck pain population.Methods and analysisTwo phases: (1) Pragmatic cluster randomised double-blind, parallel 2-arm (ABPI vs standard physiotherapy intervention) pilot and feasibility trial to evaluate the procedures and feasibility of the ABPI for the management of acute non-specific neck pain. Six physiotherapy departments from six public hospitals in Thailand will be recruited and cluster randomised by a computer-generated randomisation sequence with block sampling. Sixty participants (30 each arm, 10 per hospital) will be assessed at baseline and 3 months following baseline for NDI, Numerical Rating Scale for pain intensity, cervical range of motion, fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire and EuroQol-5 dimensions 5 levels outcomes, and (2) Embedded qualitative study using semistructured interviews to explore acceptability of the ABPI to participants (n=12) and physiotherapists (n=3). Descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and interpretative phenomenological analysis to code and analyse qualitative data (deductive and inductive) will inform feasibility for a future definitive trial.Ethics and disseminationThis trial is approved by the Naresuan University Institutional Review Board (NUIRB_0380/61).Trial registration number and statusTCTR20180607001; Recruiting commenced 1 February 2019.
Current therapy for the upper limb after stroke: a cross-sectional survey of UK therapists
Authors: Stockley Rachel , Peel Rosemary , Jarvis Kathryn , Connell Louise 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesTo survey the reported content, frequency and duration of upper limb treatment provided by occupational and physiotherapists for people after stroke in the UK.DesignA cross-sectional online survey was used. Description and analysis of the data were based on items from the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (Who, Where, What and How much).SettingThe online survey was distributed via professional and social networks to UK-based therapists.ParticipantsRespondents were occupational or physiotherapists currently working clinically in the UK with people after stroke. Over the 6 week data collection period, 156 respondents opened the survey, and 154 completed it. Respondents comprised 85 physiotherapists and 69 occupational therapists.ResultsRespondents reported treating the upper limb a median of three times a week (range: 1 to 7) for a mean of 29 min (SD: 18). Most (n=110) stated this was supplemented by rehabilitation assistants, family and/or carers providing additional therapy a median of three times a week (range 1 to 7). Functional training was the most commonly reported treatment for people with mild and moderate upper limb deficits (>40%). There was much less consistency in treatments reported for people with severe upper limb deficits with less than 20% (n=28) reporting the same treatments.ConclusionsThis study provides a contemporaneous description of reported therapy in the UK for people with upper limb deficits after stroke and a detailed template to inform standard therapy interventions in future research. Several evidence-based therapies were reported to be used by respondents (eg, constraint induced movement therapy), but others were not (eg, mental imagery). The findings also highlight that the current reported provision of upper limb therapy is markedly less than what is likely to be effective. This underlines an urgent need to configure and fund services to empower therapists to deliver greater amounts of evidence-based treatment for people with upper limb deficits after stroke.
The Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry (UGICR): a clinical quality registry to monitor and improve care in upper gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Maharaj Ashika D , Holland Jennifer F , Scarborough Ri O , Evans Sue M , Ioannou Liane J , Brown Wendy , Croagh Daniel G , Pilgrim Charles H C , Kench James G , Lipton Lara R , Leong Trevor , McNeil John J , Nikfarjam Mehrdad , Aly Ahmad , Burton Paul R , Cashin Paul A , Chu Julie , Duong Cuong P , Evans Peter , Goldstein David , Haydon Andrew , Hii Michael W , Knowles Brett P F , Merrett Neil D , Michael Michael , Neale Rachel E , Philip Jennifer , Porter Ian W T , Smith Marty , Spillane John , Tagkalidis Peter P , Zalcberg John R 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry (UGICR) was developed to monitor and improve the quality of care provided to patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers in Australia.ParticipantsIt supports four cancer modules: pancreatic, oesophagogastric, biliary and primary liver cancer. The pancreatic cancer (PC) module was the first module to be implemented, with others being established in a staged approach. Individuals are recruited to the registry if they are aged 18 years or older, have received care for their cancer at a participating public/private hospital or private clinic in Australia and do not opt out of participation.Findings to dateThe UGICR is governed by a multidisciplinary steering committee that provides clinical governance and oversees clinical working parties. The role of the working parties is to develop quality indicators based on best practice for each registry module, develop the minimum datasets and provide guidance in analysing and reporting of results. Data are captured from existing data sources (population-based cancer incidence registries, pathology databases and hospital-coded data) and manually from clinical records. Data collectors directly enter information into a secure web-based Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) data collection platform. The PC module began with a pilot phase, and subsequently, we used a formal modified Delphi consensus process to establish a core set of quality indicators for PC. The second module developed was the oesophagogastric cancer (OGC) module. Results of the 1 year pilot phases for PC and OGC modules are included in this cohort profile.Future plansThe UGICR will provide regular reports of risk-adjusted, benchmarked performance on a range of quality indicators that will highlight variations in care and clinical outcomes at a health service level. The registry has also been developed with the view to collect patient-reported outcomes (PROs), which will further add to our understanding of the care of patients with these cancers.
Health and wellbeing of people with intellectual disability in New South Wales, Australia: a data linkage cohort
Authors: Reppermund Simone , Heintze Theresa , Srasuebkul Preeyaporn , Reeve Rebecca , Dean Kimberlie , Smith Melinda , Emerson Eric , Snoyman Phillip , Baldry Eileen , Dowse Leanne , Szanto Tracey , Sara Grant , Florio Tony , Johnson Anina , Clements Melissa , McKenzie Kathryn , Trollor Julian 
Published: October 2019

PurposePeople with intellectual disability (ID) experience high rates of physical and mental health problems, while access to appropriate healthcare is often poor. This cohort was established to develop an epidemiological profile related to the health, health service use, disability services, mortality and corrective services records of people with ID.ParticipantsThe cohort contains 92 542 people with ID (40% females) with a median age of 23 years (IQR: 12–43 years) and 2 004 475 people with a neuropsychiatric or developmental disorder diagnosis (50% females) with a median age of 51 years (IQR: 29–73 years) from New South Wales, Australia. The whole sample contains records for 2 097 017 individuals with most data sets spanning financial years 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2016. A wide range of data from linked population data sets are included in the areas of disability, health, corrective services and targeted specialist support services in public schools, Public Guardian and Ombudsman services.Findings to dateThis study includes one of the largest cohorts of people with ID internationally. Our data have shown that the presence of ID is significantly associated with emergency department presentations and psychiatric readmissions after the first psychiatric admission based on a subcohort of people with a psychiatric admission. Adults with ID experience premature mortality and over-representation of potentially avoidable deaths compared with the general population.Future plansWithin the health service system, we will examine different components, that is, inpatient, emergency adult services, children and younger people services and costs associated with healthcare as well as mortality, cause and predictors of death. The neuropsychiatric and developmental disorders comparison cohort allows comparisons of the physical health, mental health and service use profiles of people with ID and those with other neuropsychiatric disorders.
Osteosarcoma affecting multiple bones in a dog
Authors: Wyatt Eleanor , Piviani Martina , Rich Andrew F , Mortier Jeremy Raphael , Comerford Eithne , Finotello Riccardo 
Published: October 2019

A 9 years and 5 months old, neutered male, Rottweiler was presented for referral at the Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, for investigations following a fracture of the left femur, which had occurred after minor trauma. Radiographs at the primary veterinary practice revealed a closed, slightly displaced, comminuted, proximal diaphyseal fracture, which had cortical thinning around the fracture site, suggestive of a pathological fracture. Advanced imaging (computed tomography) revealed polyostotic osteolytic lesions which contained contrast enhancing, soft tissue attenuating tissue, associated with cortical destruction throughout the appendicular and axial skeleton. Ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspirates of four lesions (right scapular, right femoral, left pelvic and vertebral lesions) were assessed by a boarded clinical pathologist, confirmed diagnosis of a polyostotic osteosarcoma. The patient was euthanased and postmortem examination confirmed the diagnosis.
Some results of left and right α-commutators of groups
Authors: Haghparast Marziyeh , Moghaddam Mohammad Reza R. , Rostamyari Mohammad Amin 
Published: October 2019

In 1904, Schur proved his famous result which says that if the central factor group of a given group [Formula: see text] is finite, then so is its derived subgroup. In 1994, Hegarty showed that if the absolute central factor group, [Formula: see text], is finite, then so is its autocommutator subgroup, [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we introduce the concept of left and right [Formula: see text]-commutator, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an automorphism of the group [Formula: see text]. Then under some condition, we prove that the finiteness of [Formula: see text] implies that [Formula: see text] is also finite. We also construct an upper bound for the order of [Formula: see text] in terms of the order of [Formula: see text].
Bringing Oncohistones into the Fold
Authors: Sarthy Jay F. , Henikoff Steven 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Summary:
Identification of cancer-associated mutations in core histone genes has proved challenging due to these genes' highly conserved nature and presence in large arrays. Recent analyses of cancer genomes, including one in this issue of Cancer Discovery, show that mutations in the histone fold can affect nucleosome stability, providing a novel mechanism by which oncohistones contribute to tumorigenesis.
See related article by Bennett et al., p. 1438.
Aderência intertalâmica e Alzheimer
Authors: Belkovsky Mikhael , Souza Isabela C. B. , Akamatsu Flávia Emi , Hojaij Flavio C. , Jacomo Alfredo Luiz 
Published: October 2019

OBJETIVO: Descrever dimensões e prevalência da Aderência Intertalâmica (AI) em cadáveres do Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos da Capital - USP, considerando idade, sexo, peso, altura e histórico pessoal de doença de Alzheimer (DA). MÉTODOS: Cinquenta e sete cadáveres (31H/26M) foram incluídos no estudo, com média de idade de 66,2 anos (variando entre 15 e 91 anos). A análise da AI foi feita após secção transversal da calota craniana e incisão axial no limite inferior do tronco encefálico seguida de retirada do encéfalo de sua cavidade. Cinquenta e quatro encéfalos foram submetidos a incisão sagital mediana, dois encéfalos foram submetidos a cortes axiais, e um encéfalo a secção coronal. Dados quantitativos foram comparadas pelo teste t de student, e dados qualitativos pelo teste de Qui Quadrado. A análise idade vs área foi feita por regressão linear. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de AI foi de 79%, não havendo diferença significativa entre os sexos (p=0,68). Observou-se associação entre menores áreas de secção sagital e idades mais avançadas (p=0,02). Não houve diferença significativa na prevalência de AI nem na área de secção transversal em pacientes com DA. DISCUSSÃO: Ao contrário de estudos prévios, que associaram maior prevalência e tamanho de AI com sexo feminino, isso não foi observado em nossa casuística. Apesar de não ser estatisticamente significativa nota-se uma diferença importante nas áreas médias de secção sagital dos grupos com e sem DA, o que aponta para a necessidade de estudos subsequentes com amostras maiores.