bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Exposure to Low Air Pollutant Concentrations and the Relationship with All-Cause Mortality and Stroke in Older Men
Authors: Dirgawati Mila , Hinwood Andrea , Nedkoff Lee , Hankey Graeme J. , Yeap Bu B. , Flicker Leon , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark , Brunekreef Bert , Heyworth Jane 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Long-term air pollution exposure has been associated with increased risk of mortality and stroke. Less is known about the risk at lower concentrations. The association of long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, NO2, and NOx with all-cause mortality and stroke was investigated in a cohort of men aged ≥ 65 years who lived in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia.

Methods:
Land use regression models were used to estimate long-term exposure to air pollutants at participant’s home address (n = 11,627) over 16 years. Different metrics of exposure were assigned: baseline; year before the outcome event; and average exposure across follow-up period. The Mortality Register and Hospital Morbidity Data from the Western Australia Data Linkage System were used to ascertain mortality and stroke cases. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for age, smoking, education, and body mass index for all-cause mortality. For fatal and hospitalized stroke, the models included variables controlled for all-cause mortality plus hypertension.

Results:
Fifty-four percent of all-participants died, 3% suffered a fatal stroke, and 14% were hospitalized stroke cases. PM2.5 absorbance increased the risk of all-cause mortality with adjusted HR of 1.12 (1.02–1.23) for baseline and average exposures, and 1.14 (1.02–1.24) for past-year exposure. There were no associations between PM2.5 absorbance, NO2, and NOx and stroke outcomes. However, PM2.5 was associated with reduced risks of fatal stroke.

Conclusion:
Long-term exposure to PM2.5 absorbance was associated with all-cause mortality among older men exposed to low concentrations; and exposure to PM2.5 was associated with reduced risk of fatal stroke.
Association Between Long-term Exposure to PM2.5 and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Taiwan
Authors: Li Chia-Ying , Wu Chih-Da , Pan Wen-Chi , Chen Yi-Chen , Su Huey-Jen 
Published: June 2019

Background:Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm; PM2.5) contributes to an elevated incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in North America and Europe, but there is limited empirical evidence for Asian countries. This study determined the association between and the exposure-response relationship for PM2.5and the incidence of T2D in Taiwan.Methods:This retrospective cohort study was conducted for the years 2001–2012. Health information, including age, sex, health insurance premium, type of occupation, medication, and disease status, was retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. Monitoring data for PM2.5came from the Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan, and Land-use Regression modeling was used to approximate participants’ long-term exposure to PM2.5. Cox proportional hazards models with a generalized estimating equation to account for the correlation within the locations of the medical facilities were used to estimate the association between exposure to PM2.5and the incidence of T2D, adjusting for the potential confounders. We also examined effect modification of sex, age, hyperlipidemia, and National Health Insurance premium for the association.Results:Forty-eight thousand six hundred eleven new cases of diabetes were identified among 505,151 eligible participants, with the median follow-up of 12 years. Positive associations were identified between long-term exposure to PM2.5exposure and the incidence of T2D. An increase of 10 μg/m3PM2.5was associated with an 11.0% increase in the risk of contracting diabetes (95% confidence interval = 8.0%, 13.0%). The results show that there is an almost linear relationship between exposure to PM2.5and the incidence of T2D. Sex, age, hyperlipidemia, and National Health Insurance premium acted as effect modifiers of the association between diabetes incidence and levels of PM2.5exposure in Taiwan.Conclusions:In the population in Taiwan, long-term exposure to PM2.5increases the risk of incidence of T2D by 11%. This effect is more pronounced in elderly male patients who exhibit hyperlipidemia and in individuals who have a lower insurance health insurance premium.
Glomus Tumor Originating from a Digital Nerve
Authors: Shinohara Takaaki , Hirata Hitoshi 
Published: June 2019

Summary:
Glomus tumors are relatively rare benign neoplasms that most commonly occur in the hand. They arise from the normal glomus body, which is an arteriovenous shunt related to thermoregulation. Glomus tumors in nerves are an extremely rare occurrence, as normal glomus bodies have not been found in nerves. We describe the case of a 30-year-old woman with a glomus tumor originating from a digital nerve that required excision along with a nerve segment. In this case, because the tumor was inseparable from both fascicles of the nerve, a segment of the ulnar digital nerve was resected with the tumor. After tumor resection, direct nerve repair was performed and the patient showed favorable outcomes.
Nasal Reconstruction of Post-Mohs Defects >1.5 cm in a Single Cosmetic Subunit Under Local Anesthesia by a Combination of Plastic Surgeon and Mohs Surgeon Team: A Cross-sectional Study and Review of Algorithmic Nasal Defect Closures
Authors: Memar Omeed M. , Caughlin Benjamin 
Published: June 2019

Introduction:
We present an algorithmic approach to the reconstruction of larger post-Mohs defects treated in a practice with both a plastic surgeon and Mohs surgeon. The aim of the study is to present post-Mohs reconstructive choices made by our team compared with closures done by solo dermatologists.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was designed. Participants were 66 consecutive cases of nasal Mohs repairs performed under local anesthesia. For each Mohs case, data were collected on the age of the patient, smoking status, tumor type, tumor location, tumor diameter, the number of Mohs stages needed to clear the surgical margins of any remaining cancer, final defect diameter, reconstructive methods used, and postoperative complications.

Results:
Basal cell carcinoma was the most common tumor treated on the nose, and post-Mohs basal cell carcinoma defects were closed predominantly with full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs), rotation flap (RF), or a combination of both. The sidewall was the cosmetic unit most affected by skin cancer, and defects were commonly closed by FTSG and RF. Fifty percent of the sidewall defects required more than 1 closure method, compared with 24% of the nasal tip defects. FTSG combination closure was performed on 20 cases, usually with an advancement flap.

Conclusions:
The addition of a plastic surgeon shifted the nasal reconstructive techniques when compared with dermatologists alone. Post-Mohs defect >1.5 cm in a single cosmetic subunit was reconstructed under local anesthesia with either RF or a combination of FTSG and an advancement flap, whereas dermatologists most commonly chose a primary closure.
THE EVOLUTION OF ISOLATED NEOVASCULAR TUFTS (“POPCORN”) IN RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
Authors: Xue Kang , Huang Xin , Xu Sisi , Zhang Ting , Wang Xin , Zhang Meng , Ruan Lu , Ni Yingqin 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To explore the natural evolution of isolated neovascular tufts (“popcorn”) in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its significance in the progression of acute ROP.

Methods:
In this retrospective case series, 89 infants (89 eyes) in total having acute ROP were analyzed during serial retinal examinations with a RetCam III wide-angle fundus imaging system, among which 53 eyes were observed to have popcorn and 36 eyes did not. The clinical outcomes of the popcorn (+) group and the popcorn (−) group were compared.

Results:
Popcorn was located only in Zone II, Stage 2 ROP, primarily in the temporal field (65%). It appeared at a mean postmenstrual age of (37.6 ± 1.3) weeks, disappeared at (41.0 ± 2.2) weeks, and lasted for (2.8 ± 1.1) weeks. The popcorn (+) group had a significantly higher natural regression incidence than the popcorn (−) group (P < 0.05). The laser-treated eyes in the popcorn (+) group had earlier presentations (36.4 ± 0.7 vs. 38.2 ± 1.3 weeks) and shorter existences (1.5 ± 0.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.9 weeks) of popcorn than the regressed eyes (P < 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion:
Popcorn is generally a “benign” indicator of the regression of ROP. The early presentation (<postmenstrual age 37 weeks) and short duration of popcorn require further observation.
Gynecologic Surgical Outcomes Through the Patient’s Eyes: Are Physicians Looking in the Same Direction?
Authors: Emerson Jenna , Paquet Amanda , Sangha Roopina , Robison Katina 
Published: June 2019

Importance
Patient-centered care integrates the highest clinical standards with patient preferences surrounding their treatment. Increasing focus is being placed on the identification of patient-centered outcomes to optimize the impact of medical treatments on patient quality of life, as defined by patients themselves.

Objective
This article will review the central concepts of patient-centered outcomes in benign gynecologic surgery. This expert review will serve as a practical guide for surgeons to incorporate patient preferences into shared surgical decision making.

Evidence Acquisition
The current literature is examined, defining those outcomes identified by women undergoing gynecologic procedures as the most important factors in their decision making. Available literature on these patient-identified priorities is then reviewed with respect to gynecologic surgery in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods.

Results
Each section of the article concludes with Clinical Pearls, where practical tools and key elements are summarized to assist providers with incorporating these concepts into practice.

Conclusions and Relevance
Many key outcomes have been identified by women undergoing benign gynecologic surgery in their decision-making process. Patient counseling should address clinically appropriate treatment modalities and include an exploration of patient expectations and preferences around nonclinical outcomes as well. This shared decision-making model will result in improved satisfaction with outcomes.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to support patient-centered informed decision making regarding gynecological procedures; describe the benefits of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol and the importance of preoperative pain burden; counsel patients regarding the impact of hysterectomy on sexual function; and explain incision types and their influence on cosmesis with patients.
Listeriosis in Pregnancy: A Review
Authors: Craig Amanda M. , Dotters-Katz Sarah , Kuller Jeffrey A. , Thompson Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2019

Importance
Listeriosis is a rare foodborne condition that can cause serious health consequences in neonates and pregnant women. Listeria monocytogenes can be vertically transmitted to the fetus, resulting in adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about listeriosis in pregnancy and review the current management and treatment recommendations.

Objective
To summarize the clinical and relevant evidence available regarding listeriosis in pregnancy and educate providers on common clinical symptoms, sequelae, and appropriate treatment guidelines.

Evidence Acquisition
A PubMed review was conducted using search terms “pregnancy” OR “Listeria” OR “Maternal Listeriosis,” and “Neonatal Listeriosis.” The search included review articles, original research articles, and guidelines on diagnosis and management of listeriosis in pregnancy. The search was limited to the English language and publications between 1988 and July 2018.

Conclusions
Listeriosis in pregnancy can result in severe adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes including miscarriage, preterm labor, fetal death, and neonatal meningitis and sepsis. Early treatment has been shown to improve fetal and neonatal outcomes; therefore, prevention with education and early diagnosis prompting treatment will improve overall outcomes.

Relevance
The incidence of listeriosis is expected to rise in the coming years due to changes in the US population, with increasing numbers of older Americans and Hispanic individuals, both of whom are at higher risk. Pregnant women contract listeriosis at a rate that is 16- to 18-fold greater than the general population. Given the expected increased rise in incidence and increased susceptibility of pregnant women, understanding the common clinical symptoms, maternal and fetal sequelae, and appropriate treatment guidelines is essential.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to counsel patients in the preconception and antenatal period regarding listeriosis in pregnancy; identify potential risk factors and clinical signs and symptoms concerning for maternal listeriosis; and propose an antibiotic regimen for suspected exposure or confirmed diagnosis of Listeria in pregnancy.
Endometrial Scratching for Infertile Women Undergoing a First Embryo Transfer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Published and Unpublished Data From Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Vitagliano Amerigo , Andrisani Alessandra , Alviggi Carlo , Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Valenti Gaetano , Sapia Fabrizio , Favilli Alessandro , Martins Wellington P. , Raine-Ferring Nick , Polanski Lukasz , Ambrosini Guido 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2019;111(4):734–746.e2)
Despite significant improvements in assisted reproductive technology (ART), clinical pregnancy rates (CPRs) and live-birth rates (LBRs) following in vitro fertilization and embryonic transfer (ET) remain between 30% and 40% and between 20% and 30% per ET, respectively. Endometrial scratch injury (ESI) is a technique that involves the use of common biopsy devices to damage the endometrium in order to increase its receptiveness to embryonic implantation in women undergoing ART.
Assessing Patient Opinions About Electronic Messaging for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Result Notification and Partner Services, Durham, North Carolina
Authors: Cope Anna Barry , Seña Arlene C. , Eagle Cedar , Pol Adam , Rahman Mohammad , Peterman Thomas A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Text or e-mail messages can provide timely notification of sexually transmitted disease results to patients. We assessed sexually transmitted disease clinic patient opinions about text/e-mail notification via a service called Chexout. Among 113 patients who opted in, the majority found results notification via texts/e-mails to be satisfactory (99.0%) and easy (92.9%).
Sexually Transmitted Infections Detected During and After Incarceration Among People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Prevalence and Implications for Screening and Prevention
Authors: Krieger Demi , Abe Caroline , Pottorff Alexandra , Li Xilong , Rich Josiah , Nijhawan Ank E. 
Published: June 2019

Background
Incarceration and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs); however, little is known about STI prevalence among people living with HIV (PLWH) during and after incarceration.

Methods
Electronic medical records from the Dallas County Jail and community HIV clinics were reviewed to determine the frequency and results of testing for gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among PLWH incarcerated in Dallas County Jail between 2010 and 2013. HIV viral loads (VL) and evidence of STI symptoms and treatment were also collected.

Results
During 2473 incarcerations, 6 (3%) of 190 tests were positive for gonorrhea, 7 (4%) of 190 for chlamydia, 231 (21%) of 1082 for syphilis, of which 53 (23%) were new diagnoses, and 48 (5%) of 1005 for HBV surface antigen. Among 1631 releases to the community, 808 followed up in community clinics, where 21 (4%) 553 tests were positive for gonorrhea, 23 (4%) of 555 for chlamydia, 150 (19%) of 808 for syphilis, of which 31 (21%) were new diagnoses, and 24 (6%) of 421 for HBV surface antigen. The majority of new STI cases, 51 (80%) of 64 in jail and 43 (77%)of 56 in the community, had a concurrent detectable (>200 copies/mL) HIV VL.

Conclusions
Testing for gonorrhea and chlamydia was low, particularly in jail, which was attributed to testing protocols. High proportions of PLWH tested positive for syphilis and HBV infection in both settings. The majority of patients with active STIs had a detectable HIV VL. Routine, opt-out screening for STIs for PLWH during and after incarceration has the potential to identify a high proportion of STIs and improve secondary HIV prevention.
A Predictive Model for Identification of Children at Risk of Subsequent High-Frequency Utilization of the Emergency Department for Asthma
Authors: Samuels-Kalow Margaret E. , Bryan Matthew W. , Sommers Marilyn Sawyer , Zorc Joseph J. , Camargo Carlos A. , Mollen Cynthia 
Published: June 2019

Background
Asthma is the most common chronic condition among children with high-frequency emergency department (ED) utilization. Previous research has shown in outpatients seen for asthma that acute care visits predict subsequent health care utilization. Among ED patients, however, the optimal method of predicting subsequent ED utilization remains to be described. The goal of this study was to create a predictive model to identify children in the ED who are at risk of subsequent high-frequency utilization of the ED for asthma.

Methods
We used 3 years of data, 2013–2015, drawn from the electronic health records at a tertiary care, urban, children's hospital that is a high-volume center for asthma care. Data were split into a derivation (50%) and validation/test (50%) set, and 3 models were created for testing: (1) all index patients; (2) removing patients with complex chronic conditions; and (3) subset of patients with in-network care on whom more clinical data were available. Each multivariable model was then tested in the validation set, and its performance evaluated by predicting error rate, calculation of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and identification of the optimal cutpoint to maximize sensitivity and specificity.

Results
There were 5535 patients with index ED visits, of whom 2767 were in the derivation set and 2768 in the validation set. Of the 5535 patients, 125 patients (2.3%) had 4 or more visits for asthma in the outcome year. Significant predictors in models 1 and 2 were age and number of prior ED visits for asthma. For model 3 (additional clinical information available), the predictors were number of prior ED visits for asthma, number of primary care visits, and not having a controller medication. Areas under the ROC curve were 0.77 for model 1, 0.80 for model 2, and 0.77 for model 3.

Conclusions
Administrative data available at the time of ED triage can predict subsequent high utilization of the ED, with areas under the ROC curve of 0.77 to 0.80. The addition of clinical variables did not improve the model performance. These models provide useful tools for researchers interested in examining intervention efficacy by predicted risk group.
Paraquat Poisoning in Children
Authors: Qiu Li , Deng Ying 
Published: June 2019

Objectives
Paraquat is an herbicide that is highly toxic to humans. Paraquat ingestion is a common cause of fatal poisoning in many areas of Asia. The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics of children with acute paraquat poisoning.

Methods
This study was a retrospective analysis of case exposure to paraquat poisoning as reported to the Department of Pediatrics in The West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2012 and December 2017. The data of these patients were extracted from the electronic health records and analyzed.

Results
A total of 123 children with paraquat poisoning were included in the study. The study showed that 67.5% of these children (83/123) were accidentally exposed to paraquat, whereas 32.5% (40/123) had intentionally ingested paraquat. The 0- to 2.9-year age group had the largest number of cases (30% of the total). One hundred (81.3%) children were discharged with a better health condition. Two children were dead at the time of hospitalization because of respiratory failure. Most children (87.8%) with paraquat poisoning were left-behind children. Paraquat poisoning did not frequently occur in the winter.

Conclusions
Left-behind children living in rural areas have a high risk of paraquat poisoning. Interventions and policies are urgently needed to prevent paraquat poisoning in children. Preventative efforts are the most important measures.
The Effect of Four-Channel Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Swallowing Kinematics and Pressures
Authors: Park Donghwi , Suh Jee Hyun , Kim Hayoung , Ryu Ju Seok 
Published: June 2019

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the sequential four-channel neuromuscular electrical stimulation system.

Design
As a prospective case-control study, ten healthy subjects and ten patients with dysphagia were prospectively enrolled. Swallowing with and without sequential four-channel neuromuscular electrical stimulation (suprahyoid, infrahyoid muscles) was evaluated via videofluoroscopic swallowing study and high-resolution manometry.

Results
Results showed that the sequential four-channel neuromuscular electrical stimulation significantly improved the videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale during thick-fluid swallowing in patients with dysphagia. Furthermore, the kinematic analysis of videofluoroscopic swallowing study showed a tendency that neuromuscular electrical stimulation reduced duration of hyoid bone movement during thin- or thick-fluid swallowing. The high-resolution manometry parameters—maximal pressure of velopharynx, tongue base, cricopharyngeal pressure, minimal upper esophageal sphincter pressure, area of velopharynx, upper esophageal sphincter activity time, and duration of nadir upper esophageal sphincter—during thin-fluid swallowing were significantly improve in both groups compared with the high-resolution manometry parameters without neuromuscular electrical stimulation.

Conclusion
The sequential four-channel neuromuscular electrical stimulation may help improve the parameters of videofluoroscopic swallowing study, kinematic analysis of the hyoid bone movement, and high-resolution manometry during swallowing. Further investigations are needed to better examine the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in patients with dysphagia.