bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence ofPseudomonas aeruginosaand multidrug resistantPseudomonas aeruginosain healthy captive ophidian
Authors: Sala Andrea , Di Ianni Francesco , Pelizzone Igor , Bertocchi Mara , Santospirito Davide , Rogato Francesco , Flisi Sara , Spadini Costanza , Iemmi Tiziano , Moggia Emanuele , Parmigiani Enrico , Cavirani Sandro , Taddei Simone , Cabassi Clotilde S. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundSnakes are globally considered as pet animals, and millions of ophidians are bred in captivity.Pseudomonas aeruginosais a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium that can act as an opportunistic pathogen of man and animals and is frequently present in the oral and cloacal microbiota of healthy ophidians. It can cause severe clinical diseases and often shows antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles ofP. aeruginosaisolated from the cloacal microbiota of a large population sample of healthy captive ophidians and to evaluate the statistical associations with farming conditions.MethodsA total of 419 cloacal swabs were collected from snakes belonging to the Boidae (n = 45), Colubridae (n = 48) and Pythonidae (n = 326) families and inoculated onto complete culture media. Food, water and bedding samples were also analyzed. The antimicrobial susceptibility ofP. aeruginosaisolates was evaluated through the Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion test. Statistical analyses were performed with the chi-square test.ResultsThe prevalence ofP. aeruginosawas 59.9%, and 35.5% of these strains were multidrug resistant (MDR). The prevalence of MDRP. aeruginosawas significantly higher in adult samples than in young samples, and widespread resistance to Cephalosporins, Polymyxins and Sulfonamides was observed. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence ofP. aeruginosawere observed depending on the farm size and snake family.Feeding thawed prey was associated with a higherP. aeruginosaand MDRP. aeruginosaprevalence. Moreover, snakes fed home-raised prey had a significantly higher MDRP. aeruginosaprevalence than snakes fed commercially available feed. Less frequent terrarium cleaning was associated with a higher MDRP. aeruginosaprevalence. On the other hand, snake reproductive status was not significantly associated withP. aeruginosaor MDRP. aeruginosaprevalence. All food, water and bedding samples were negative forP. aeruginosapresence.DiscussionThe overallP. aeruginosaprevalence found in this study was lower than that found by other authors, but a high proportion of the isolates were MDR. This study highlighted the presence of constitutive (such as age and taxonomic family) and managerial (farm size, cleaning cycle frequency and food type) factors associated withP. aeruginosaand/or MDRP. aeruginosaprevalence. Good breeding management and proper antibiotic treatment ofP. aeruginosainfections could help reduce the presence ofP. aeruginosaand MDRP. aeruginosain the gut microbiota of snakes and consequently reduce the risk to public health.
Competências Financeiras: A Importância Percebida por Profissionais de Secretariado
Authors: Camargo Fernando Aguiar , Barbero Edson Ricardo 
Published: April 2019

As mudanças econômicas e políticas afetam a maneira de gerir das empresas e exigem, cada vez mais, profissionais capacitados e que consigam desenvolver competências distintas. O profissional de secretariado caracteriza-se por apresentar conhecimento generalista em diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Porém, não há, na literatura, um trabalho que explore as competências financeiras desse profissional. Nesse contexto, o anseio do presente artigo é contribuir para a percepção da importância das competências financeiras na rotina do profissional de secretariado, por meio de investigação empírica em uma amostra de 272 profissionais. Foram utilizadas, para tal, técnicas de estatística descritiva, análise fatorial exploratória e regressões múltiplas. Como resultado, foram identificadas as oito principais competências financeiras inerentes a esse profissional: 1ª) solicitar orçamentos e cotações; 2ª) negociar com clientes e/ou fornecedores, considerando a política financeira da organização; 3ª) elaborar relatórios para tomada de decisões com base nos orçamentos e preços; 4ª) elaborar relatórios para reembolso de despesas, considerando a política financeira da organização; 5ª) manusear planilhas eletrônicas (Excel) para cálculos financeiros; 6ª) interpretar informações que contenham juros e/ou acréscimos; 7ª) manusear calculadoras convencionais (operações simples) e 8ª) interpretar informações que contenham descontos. Desenvolveu-se, ainda, uma proposta de Escala de Competências Financeiras para Profissionais de Secretariado. Por fim, as contribuições são: facilitar a identificação das principais competências financeiras, inclusive para a área de recursos humanos, identificando assim profissionais mais preparados e guiar as instituições de ensino que oferecem os cursos de secretariado para identificar se as competências financeiras aqui apontadas são trabalhadas nos cursos.
Potentiality of Some Egyptan Cotton Varieties under Drought Stress Conditions
Authors: Dewdar M. D. H. 
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to investigate the performance of three cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) genotypes as affected by drought stress at three irrigation regimes; 14 (S-0), 21(S-1) and 28 (S-2) days that were started after the first irrigation. To achieve this goal, a field experiment was conducted as split block design at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, El-Fayoum Univ. The results indicated that the irrigation regimes mean squares of combined data were highly significant for earliness traits, also as well as yield and yield components. Most of fiber properties were not affected by water stress conditions. Significant differences were found among the non- stress (S-0) and the stress treatments (S-1 and S-2) for mean performances of the three earliness traits. Treatment S-2 led to significant decrease in yield and yield components compared to S-0. The results showed that Giza 85 variety gave the highest fiber length, fiber strength and was finer cultivars having the lower micronaire values. The interaction between genotypes and stress treatments was significant for most traits.G1,G2 and G3 cotton varieties exhibited highest seed cotton yield kg ha-1 (yield potential) in the non- stress treatment (S-0). Giza 90 variety outyielded the other two varieties under stress treatment (S-2) compared to those of Giza 85 and Giza 83. The superiority of Giza 90 variety could be attributed to its high yield components., while Giza 90 was relatively stress susceptible and similar trend of those obtained using data of relative productivity (%) which confirm that the genotype Giza 83 and Giza 85 are more drought tolerance and could be used as sources of drought stress tolerance in breeding programs and tolerance to water stress conditions.
Launch and Postlaunch Price Developments of New Drugs in the US, Germany, and Switzerland
Authors: Laube Yannic , Serra-Burriel Miquel , Glaus Camille C. E. G. , Vokinger Kerstin N. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceHigh prices of new drugs are concerning. What remains to be understood are price developments after entering the market because not only initial prices, but also postlaunch prices, contribute to drug spending.ObjectiveTo analyze launch and postlaunch price developments of new drugs in the US, Germany, and Switzerland.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used the public databases of the US Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, and Swissmedic to identify all new drugs approved between January 2011 and December 2022. Data were collected and analyzed between January 2024 and September 2024. During the revision process in October 2024, SSR data were also analyzed. Drugs for which price data were available were included in the study cohort. Launch prices and postlaunch price developments in the US, Germany, and Switzerland were calculated from 2011 until 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresStandard statistics (mean, median, and IQR) were applied to analyze launch drug prices and postlaunch drug price developments over time in the US, Germany, and Switzerland.ResultsThe cohort study included 254 drugs in the US, 298 in Germany, and 235 in Switzerland. In the US, mean (SD) launch prices increased from $31 699 ($36 439) in 2011 to $228 658 ($571 252) in 2022, with an average increase of 19.7% per year. In Germany, mean (SD) launch prices increased from $77 237 ($228 672) to $146 072 ($306 091), with an average increase of 6.0% per year. In Switzerland, mean launch prices increased from $29 211 ($41 919) to $41 399 ($39 697), with an average increase of 3.2% per year. Post launch, trimmed mean prices of included drugs in the study cohort increased −0.6% at 3 years, 2.4% at 5 years, and 4.1% at 10 years post launch in the US. A larger increase of postlaunch prices was observed for cancer drugs compared with noncancer drugs. In Germany, trimmed mean drug prices decreased −30.9% at 3 years, −33.4% at 5 years, and −45.2% at 10 years post launch. In Switzerland, trimmed mean drug prices decreased −9.3% at 3 years, −13.5% at 5 years, and −29.5% at 10 years post launch. In Switzerland and Germany, postlaunch price developments were similar for cancer and noncancer drugs, but treatment costs of cancer drugs remained substantially higher compared with noncancer drugs.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study suggest that, in contrast to Germany and Switzerland, prices of cancer drugs increased substantially post launch in the US. When developing solutions how drug prices can be decreased, launch as well as postlaunch prices require attention from policymakers.
Race and Ethnicity, Gender, and Promotion of Physicians in Academic Medicine
Authors: Clark Lauren , Shergina Elena , Machado Nathalia , Scheuermann Taneisha S. , Sultana Nasrin , Polineni Deepika , Shih Grace H. , Simari Robert D. , Wick Jo A. , Richter Kimber P. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe ranks of academic physicians do not reflect the diversity of the US population. To create a diverse and effective medical workforce, it is important to know the extent to which gender, race and ethnicity, and the intersection of these factors are associated with career advancement.ObjectiveTo assess whether race and ethnicity and gender are associated with appointment to or promotion within academic medicine.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used Association of American Medical Colleges data on graduates of all US MD-granting medical schools from 1979 to 2019 merged with faculty appointment data since 2000. Data for this study are based on a February 19, 2021, snapshot. The analysis was performed from March 8, 2021, to May 5, 2023.ExposureGender and race and ethnicity among physician graduates.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was full-time faculty appointments and promotions to the ranks of instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, full professor, and department chair. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the differences in likelihood of appointment and promotion for racial and ethnic minority men and women compared with White men.ResultsThe analytic sample included 673 573 graduates (mean [SD] age at graduation, 28.1 [3.2] years; 59.7% male; and 15.2% identifying as Asian, 6.1% as Black, and 69.6% as White). White men accounted for the largest subgroup of graduates (43.8%). Asian men, Asian women, Black women, and White women were more likely than White men to be appointed to entry-level positions. Among physicians graduating both before and after 2000, White men were more likely to be promoted to upper ranks compared with physicians of nearly every other combination of gender and race and ethnicity. Among physicians graduating prior to 2000, Black women were 55% less likely (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.41-0.49) to be promoted to associate professor (n = 131 457) and 41% less likely (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.51-0.69) to be promoted to full professor (n = 43 677) compared with White men. Conversely, Black men (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.61) were more likely to be appointed as department chair (n = 140 052) than White men.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings indicate that preferential promotion of White men within academic medicine continues to persist in the new millennium, with racially and ethnically diverse women experiencing greater underpromotion. To achieve a workforce that reflects the diversity of the US population, this study suggests that academic medicine needs to transform its culture and practices surrounding faculty appointments and promotions.
Selection of Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer for Extended Endocrine Therapy
Authors: van ’t Veer Laura J. , Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg Elma , Duijm-de Carpentier Marjolijn , Van de Velde Cornelis J. H. , Kleijn Miranda , Dreezen Christa , Menicucci Andrea R. , Audeh William , Liefers Gerrit-Jan 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThere is a need for biomarkers that predict late recurrence risk and extended endocrine therapy (EET) benefit among patients with early-stage breast cancer (EBC). MammaPrint, a 70-gene expression risk-of-recurrence assay, has been found to project significant EET benefit in patients with assay-classified low-risk tumors.ObjectiveTo determine the test’s utility in identifying which patients with EBC in the IDEAL (Investigation on the Duration of Extended Adjuvant Letrozole) trial could benefit from 5-year vs 2.5-year letrozole treatment.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis secondary analysis of the IDEAL randomized clinical trial evaluated postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive EBC who were assigned to either 2.5 or 5 years of EET, with 10 years of follow-up after randomization. A 70-gene assay was used to classify tumors as high, low, or ultralow risk. Adverse event (AE) frequency and treatment compliance were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed from April 2022 to September 2024.InterventionsAfter 5 years of endocrine therapy, patients were randomized to 2.5 or 5 years of EET with letrozole.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary end point was distant recurrence (DR). Cox proportional hazard regression models and likelihood ratios tested the interaction between treatment and gene expression assay.ResultsAmong 515 women included (mean [SD] age at randomization, 59.9 [9.5] years), 265 were in the 2.5-year treatment arm and 250 in the 5-year treatment arm. Of these patients, 223 (43.3%) patients with 70-gene assay–classified low-risk tumors had a significant absolute benefit of 10.1% for DR (hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.12-0.87; P = .03). Treatment interaction was not significant for DR. Of patients with either 70-gene assay–classified high-risk tumors (259 [50.3%]) or ultralow risk tumors (33 [6.4%]), 5 years vs 2.5 years of EET was not associated with improved benefit for DR. As expected, rates of AEs and treatment discontinuation were comparable among the different 70-gene assay risk groups in each treatment arm.Conclusions and RelevanceThis secondary analysis of the IDEAL trial found that the 70-gene assay identified patients with low-risk tumors who could benefit from 5-year vs 2.5-year EET. These findings suggest that this gene expression assay could go beyond guiding neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy decisions to informing the optimal duration of adjuvant endocrine therapy.Trial RegistrationEU Clinical Trials Register Eudra CT: 2006-003958-16
Language Preference, Surgical Wait Time, and Outcomes Among Older Adults With Hip Fracture
Authors: Reppas-Rindlisbacher Christina , Boblitz Alexa , Podolsky Sho , Fowler Robert A. , Lapointe-Shaw Lauren , Sheehan Kathleen A. , Stukel Therese A. , Stall Nathan M. , Rochon Paula A. 
Published: November 2024

ImportancePatients with a non–English language preference served within English-dominant health care settings are at increased risk of adverse events that may be associated with communication barriers and inequitable access to care.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of non–English language preference with surgical wait time and postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing hip fracture repair.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted using linked databases to measure surgical wait time and postoperative outcomes among older adults (aged ≥66 years) in Ontario, Canada, who underwent hip fracture surgery between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022. Propensity-based overlap weighting accounting for baseline patient characteristics was used to compare primary and secondary outcomes.ExposureNon–English language preference.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was surgical delay beyond 24 hours. Secondary outcomes included time to surgery, surgical delay beyond 48 hours, postoperative medical complications, length of stay, discharge destination, 30-day mortality, and 30-day hospital readmission.ResultsAmong 35 238 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery, 28 815 individuals (81.8%) were English speakers (mean [SD] age, 84.4 [8.0] years; 19 965 female [69.3%]) and 6423 individuals (18.2%) were non-English speakers (mean [SD] age, 85.5 [7.0] years; 4556 female [70.9%]). The median (IQR) wait time for surgery was similar for English (24 [16-41] hours) and non-English (25 [16-42] hours) speakers. There was no significant difference in surgical delay beyond 24 hours between English-speaking and non–English-speaking patients (3321 patients [51.7%] vs 14 499 patients [50.3%]; adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98-1.03). Compared with English speakers, patients with a non–English language preference had increased risk of delirium (4207 patients [14.6%] vs 1209 patients [18.8%]; aRR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17), myocardial infarction (150 patients [0.5%] vs 43 patients [0.7%]; aRR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.04-2.22), longer length of stay (median [IQR], 10 [6-17] vs 11 [7-20] days; aRR per 1-day increase, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06-1.15), and more frequent discharge to a nursing home (1814 of 26 673 patients surviving to discharge [6.8%] vs 413 of 5903 patients surviving to discharge [7.0%]; aRR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of older adults with hip fracture, non–English language preference was associated with increased risk of delirium, myocardial infarction, longer length of stay, and discharge to a nursing home. These findings suggest inequities in hip fracture care for patients with a non–English language preference.
Ultrasensitive and Breathable Hydrogel Fiber‐Based Strain Sensors Enabled by Customized Crack Design for Wireless Sign Language Recognition
Authors: Yao Dijie , Wang Weiyan , Wang Hao , Luo Yibing , Ding Haojun , Gu Yiqun , Wu Hongjing , Tao Kai , Yang Bo‐Ru , Pan Shaowu , Fu Jun , Huo Fengwei , Wu Jin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWearable strain sensors, capable of continuously detecting human movements, hold great application prospects in sign language gesture recognition to alleviate the daily communication barriers of the deaf and mute community. However, the unsatisfactory strain sensing performance (such as low sensitivity, narrow detection range, etc.) and wearing discomfort severely hinder their practical application. Here, high‐performance breathable hydrogel strain sensors are proposed by introducing an adjustable localized crack in a closed‐loop connected hydrogel fiber encapsulated by porous elastomer films. Upon loading/unloading of external strain, the dynamic opening/closing of the pre‐cut crack causes a rapid switching in the hydrogel conductive path, resulting in sharp changes in resistance and a high sensitivity. Consequently, the hydrogel‐based crack‐effect strain sensor exhibits a superb sensitivity (GF up to 3930), a broad detection range (from 0.02% to 80%), fast response/recovery time (78/52 ms), repeatability, and structural stability. Based on the capability to accurately detect various strains across the full range of human movements, a wireless sign language recognition system is developed to achieve a high recognition accuracy of 98.1% by encoding and decoding various sign language gestures with the assistance of machine learning, providing a robust platform for efficient sign language intelligibility and barrier‐free communication.
HUVECs’ Expressway Based on Magnesium Ion Doped Hierarchical Scaffold for Rapid Angiogenesis and Bone Ingrowth
Authors: Yu Peng , Yu Fan‐Yuan , Li Fei‐Fei , Wu Jia‐Yi , Zhang Zheng‐Min , Tian Yun‐Fei , Qian Zhi‐Yong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDelayed union or nonunion remains an extremely challenging predicament even after the application of currently available engineering scaffolds for the treatment of critical‐sized bone defects. The angiogenesis throughout the artificial bone repair scaffold to achieve “angiogenic‐osteogenic coupling” is regarded as an effective approach to solving this issue. The newly formed blood vessels can accelerate the supply of oxygen and nutrients, thereby triggering subsequent bone regeneration. Therefore, scaffolds featuring an angiogenic microenvironment that promotes cell adhesion and migration should be designed for superior bone repair. Herein, a magnesium ion‐doped hierarchical scaffold is fabricated using a polymer blend system of chitosan/polyethyleneimine with inherent micro‐phase separation and complexation. Due to the microscopic sea‐island structure and the stable doped magnesium ions, the cell adhesion behavior underwent a significant transformation. Meanwhile, the pathways related to cell adhesion, migration, and angiogenesis are activated, and the critical target thrombospondin 1 is upregulated. Consequently, the cell adhesion capacity is augmented, 6 times the cell migration rate is attained, and the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells is significantly expedited. Eventually, rapid bone ingrowth and satisfactory bone defect repair are approximated in vivo, making the composite scaffold a promising clinical candidate for bone engineering.
The Evolution of Underwater Microelectronic Encapsulation: An Universal Marine Wearable Hydrogel
Authors: Hu Jiafei , Liu Yan , Yang Chengxiu , Wu Shaowei , Wang Haomiao , Qin Yuhang , Yong Yuchen , Liu Lihui , Li Xu , Gu Shijie , Hu Yueguo , Li Peisen , Huang Jian , Zhang Qi , Pan Mengchun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLong‐term access to undersea information is of critical importance for undersea sensing. However, the paramount challenge in marine wearable technology lies in achieving durable and stable adhesion, coupled with biocompatibility, for devices submerged in the saline conditions of the ocean. Here, a self‐healing, seawater‐resistant hydrogel is reported that exhibits robust adhesion to diverse biotic and abiotic surfaces. Remarkably, the presented hydrogel is augmented with octopus sucker‐inspired microstructures, a feature that markedly improves its capability of organism adhesion underwater. The hydrogel exhibits robust mechanical properties in water, with over 20‐fold elongation in a fully swollen state, and a mechanical healing efficiency exceeding 90% after healing for 30 min. The hydrogel is applied toward several representative undersea scenes. Specifically, the hydrogels equipped with flexible pressure sensors are reliably affixed to fish and turtles for sensing hydraulic pressure for more than 20 days, while the hydrogels featuring a compact camera are mounted on corals and crabs for constant monitoring of surroundings. Furthermore, the hydrogel is molded into a mesh structure for integrating multiple sensors, functioning as multi‐node marine wearable platforms. The underwater hydrogel, with its broad applicability, introduces an approach to real‐time undersea monitoring and non‐invasive marine life internet construction.