bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redescription of five known species of Hatschekia Poche, 1902 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Hatschekiidae) parasitic on Japanese tetraodontiform fishes, with discussion on sexually dimorphic features in the genus
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Five known species of Hatschekia Poche, 1902, parasitic on the branchial lamellae of Japanese tetraodontiform fishes, are redescribed. They are H. monacanthi Yamaguti, 1939, H. bibullae Uyeno & Nagasawa, 2010, H. kuroshioensis Uyeno & Nagasawa, 2010, H. ostracii Yamaguti, 1953, and H. legouili Nuñes-Ruivo, 1954. The males of H. bibullae and H. legouili, free-living larval stages of H. bibullae reared from eggs, the copepodid IV female of H. kuroshioensis, and both sexes of copepodids III-V of H. legouili are described for the first time. The antenna, the postantennal process, the length of the caudal ramus, and the ornamentation of the dorsal shield of the cephalothorax, if present, are sexually dimorphic within the genus. By showing these sexually dimorphic features of the male, it is inferred that both sexes of copepodid II-IV and copepodid V male, have attributes of the male.
Insights into Hydrometeorological Factors Constraining Flood Prediction Skill during the May and October 2015 Texas Hill Country Flood Events
Authors: Lin Peirong , Hopper Larry J. , Yang Zong-Liang , Lenz Mark , Zeitler Jon W. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This study evaluates the May and October 2015 flood prediction skill of a physically based model resembling the U.S. National Water Model (NWM) over the Texas Hill Country. It also investigates hydrometeorological factors that contributed to a record flood along the Blanco River at Wimberley (WMBT2) in May 2015. Using two radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) products—Stage IV and Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS)—it is shown that the event precipitation accuracy dominates the prediction skill, where the finer-resolution MRMS QPE mainly benefits basins with small drainage areas. Overall, the model exhibits good performance at gauges with fast flood response from causative rainfall and gauges that are not forecast points in the National Weather Service’s Advanced Hydrometeorological Prediction System, showing great promise for forecasts, warnings, and emergency response. However, the model suffers from poor prediction skill over regions without rapid flood response and regions with human-altered flows, suggesting the need to revisit the channel routing algorithm and incorporate modules to represent human alterations. Two contrasting flood events at WMBT2 with similar meteorological characteristics are examined in greater detail, revealing that the location of intense rainfall combined with land physiographic features are key to the flood response differences. Model sensitivity tests further show the record flood peak could be better obtained by tuning the deep-layer soil wetness and the flow velocity field in the river network, which offers hydrometeorological insights into the causes and the complex nature of such a flood and why the model struggles to predict the record flood peak.
Afghan Women
Authors: Saba Sahar , Sulehria Farooq 
Published: July 2018

In the mainstream narratives on the Afghan conflict, primacy is assigned to a binary of ‘Mujahedeen’ and People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) regime. The struggle of organisations, beyond this binary, such as the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) against and during the communist rule, belies these narratives. Consequently, this article argues that women’s liberation is not possible when a state/society is run by an autocratic regime denying democratic freedoms in general. This is equally true about present-day Afghanistan despite the staging of a mainstream intellectual/political spectacle to show that Afghan women were rescued by the USA. In the case of PDPA, we argue that through the harsh measures to subdue the opposition, the ‘communist’ regime introduced policies with huge consequences for women. Regarding the post-9/11 regime, we flag up its ideologically anti-women character. Therefore, we conclude that women’s liberation cannot be achieved under foreign occupations.
Higher Frequency of HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Increased Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Mutations among the HIV-1 Positive Antiretroviral Therapy–Naïve patients Coinfected With Mycobacterium tuberculosis Compared With Only HIV Infection in India
Authors: Sinha Sanjeev , Gupta Kartik , Khan Nawaid Hussain , Mandal Dibyakanti , Kohli Mikashmi , Das BK , Pandey RM 
Published: July 2018

Background: Emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance mutations prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy is a serious problem in clinical management of HIV/AIDS. Risk factors for appearance of drug resistance mutations are not known. We hypothesize that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may contribute to rapid emergence of such mutations in antiretroviral therapy–naïve patients. Methods: A total of 115 patients were recruited in this study of which 75 were HIV+TB+ coinfected (group 1) and 40 were HIV+TB− (group 2). Blood samples from all the patients were collected and CD4+ cell counts; HIV-1 plasma viral load and sequencing of protease and two-third region of reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 was performed and analyzed for drug resistance pattern. Results: For patients with HIV+TB+, 10.6% (8/75) had mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 4% (3/75) to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and only 2.6% (2/75) patients had mutations to protease inhibitors. Interestingly, for group 2 (HIV+TB−), there were only NNRTI mutations found among these patients, and only 3 patients (7.5%) had these drug-resistant mutations. Clade typing and phylogenetic tree analysis showed HIV-1 subtype C predominance in these patients. Conclusions: Our study showed that higher percentage of HIV drug resistance mutations was found among HIV+TB+ individuals compared with tuberculosis-uninfected patients. Tuberculosis coinfection may be a risk factor for emergence of high frequency of drug resistance mutations. Studies with a larger sample size will help to confirm these findings from the Indian population.
Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Bypass Grafting: Sternal Wound Infection in High-Risk Population. Should Sternal Infection Scare Us?
Authors: Ravaux Justine Mafalda , Guennaoui Thami , Mélot Christian , Schraverus Peter 
Published: July 2018

Background: Bilateral internal mammary arteries (BIMAs) remain underused in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), especially in elderly, diabetic, and obese patients. This study investigated incidence of sternal wound infection (SWI), sternal instability (SI), and reintervention for bleeding (RIB) in this high-risk population. Methods: A single-center retrospective observational study was performed in “Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Gilly, Belgium.” A total of 319 patients undergoing CABG from December 2011 to December 2015 were included. Three main outcome measures (SWI, SI, and RIB) were investigated in obese vs nonobese, diabetic vs nondiabetic, and elderly vs younger patients. Results: In all, 14 SWI, 11 SI, and 6 RIB were discounted. Death rate was as follows: SWI: 2/14 vs 17/305 ( P = .178), SI: 2/11 vs 17/308 ( P = .081), and RIB: 2/6 vs 17/313 ( P = .004). In obese (n = 113) vs nonobese (n = 206) patients, there was no difference for SWI ( P = .263), SI ( P = .565), and RIB ( P = .332). In diabetic (n = 118) vs nondiabetic (n = 201) patients, there was no difference for SWI ( P = .642), SI ( P = .497), and RIB ( P = .298). In elderly (n = 62) vs younger (n = 257) patients, there was no difference for SWI ( P = .619), SI ( P = .915), and RIB ( P = .385). Conclusions: Obesity, age, and diabetes treated by insulin (or not) do not seem to be risk factors for developing SWI, SI, or RIB in patients receiving a CABG using BIMA. Nevertheless, mortality was higher in RIB group.
Structure complexity effects in child heritage Spanish: The case of the Spanish personal a
Authors: Cuza Alejandro , Miller Lauren , Pérez Tattam Rocio , Ortiz Vergara Mariluz 
Published: July 2018

Aims and objectives: This study examines the acquisition of Differential Object Marking (DOM) in heritage Spanish children born in the USA and the potential role of structure complexity and chronological age. Design: Bilingual children were compared with monolingual children matched by age and long-term immigrants (children’s parents) via an Elicited Production task. We elicited the distribution of personal a in simple and Clitic Left Dislocated (CLLD) structures. Data and analysis: Results were entered into repeated analyses of variance measure with type of structure and group as dependent variables and chronological age as a covariate. Conclusions: Results show decreased production of personal a among the bilingual children, especially in CLLD contexts. We also found strong correlations between target use and type of structure, but no correlations with developmental age among the bilingual children. Parents and monolingual children behaved at ceiling with matrix questions but showed variable behavior with CLLD structures. We argue for incomplete specification of the animacy and specificity features constraining DOM and structure complexity effects affecting child bilingual grammars. Originality: This study highlights that heritage speakers do not necessarily become less native-like with age and increased exposure to English. The comparison of the bilingual children to both monolingual children and their parents was essential to mitigate the effects of dialect and cognitive development. Implications: Given that age was not the determining factor in bilingual children’s production of DOM in Spanish, it would seem that exposure to and use of the heritage language play a larger role. Additionally, for theories of language acquisition, these findings suggest that an early age of onset of acquisition is not a sufficient condition for native-like attainment, especially when input is lacking.
Application of multi-state models in cancer clinical trials
Authors: Le-Rademacher Jennifer G , Peterson Ryan A , Therneau Terry M , Sanford Ben L , Stone Richard M , Mandrekar Sumithra J 
Published: July 2018

Background/aimsThe goal of this article is to illustrate the utility of multi-state models in cancer clinical trials. Our specific aims are to describe multi-state models and how they differ from standard survival methods, to illustrate how multi-state models can facilitate deeper understanding of the treatment effect on multiple paths along the disease process that patients could experience in cancer clinical trials, to explain the differences between multi-state models and time-dependent Cox models, and to briefly describe available software to conduct such analyses.MethodsData from 717 newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients who enrolled in the CALGB 10603 trial were used as an illustrative example. The current probability-in-state was estimated using the Aalen–Johansen estimator. The restricted mean time in state was calculated as the area under the probability-in-state curves. Cox-type regression was used to evaluate the effect of midostaurin on the various clinical paths. Simulation was conducted using a newly constructed shiny application. All analyses were performed using the R software.ResultsMulti-state model analyses of CALGB 10603 suggested that the overall improvement in survival with midostaurin seen in the primary analysis possibly resulted from a higher complete remission rate in combination with a lower risk of relapse and of death after complete remission in patients treated with midostaurin. Simulation results, in a three-state illness-death without recovery model, demonstrate that multi-state models and time-dependent Cox models evaluate treatment effects from different frameworks.ConclusionMulti-state models allow detailed evaluation of treatment effects in complex clinical trial settings where patients can experience multiple paths between study enrollment and the final outcome. Multi-state models can be used as a complementary tool to standard survival analyses to provide deeper insights to the effects of treatment in trial settings with complex disease process.
The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) can screen for fatigue among patients with COPD
Authors: Stridsman Caroline , Svensson My , Johansson Strandkvist Viktor , Hedman Linnea , Backman Helena , Lindberg Anne 
Published: July 2018

Background: Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms among subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but is rarely identified in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessed with clinically useful instruments, both among subjects with and without COPD. Further, to investigate the association between fatigue and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT)-energy question. Methods: Data were collected in 2014 within the population-based OLIN COPD study. Subjects with ( n = 367) and without ( n = 428) COPD participated in clinical examinations including spirometry and completed questionnaires about fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue, clinically relevant fatigue ⩽43), and HRQoL (EQ-5D-VAS, lower score = worse health; CAT, lower score = fewer symptoms/better health). Results: Subjects with clinically relevant fatigue had worse HRQoL measured with EQ-5D-VAS, regardless of having COPD or not. Decreasing EQ-5D-VAS scores, any respiratory symptoms and anxiety/depression were associated with clinically relevant fatigue also when adjusted for confounders. Among subjects with COPD, clinically relevant fatigue was associated with increasing total CAT score, and CAT score ⩾10. The proportion of subjects with clinically relevant fatigue increased significantly, with a higher score on the CAT-energy question, and nearly 50% of those with a score of 2, and 70% of those with a score of ⩾3, had clinically relevant fatigue. Conclusions: Fatigue was associated with respiratory symptoms, anxiety/depression and worse HRQoL when using the clinically useful instruments EQ-5D-VAS and CAT. The CAT-energy question can be used to screen for fatigue in clinical practice, using a cut-off of ⩾2.
An Internet-based survey of the dance fitness program OULA
Authors: Hellem Tracy , Ferguson Hayden 
Published: July 2018

Background: OULA is a high-energy dance workout to top 40 hits that is inspired by yoga and non-impact aerobics. Created in Missoula, Montana, the program has been gaining national and international popularity. To understand the demographic composition, reasons for attending OULA, and experiences with depression/anxiety, we conducted an Internet-based survey. Methods: A pilot descriptive cross-sectional Internet-based survey was created in Qualtrics and distributed through social media and flyers. Results: The 38-item survey received responses from 302 participants. Current OULA participants chose “exercise” as the primary reason for attending (40.2%, 95% confidence interval: 33.3–48.2), followed by “stress relief/improve mood” (28.8%, 95% confidence interval: 23.0–35.6). Participants listed “stress relief/improve mood” as the most common secondary (35.6%, 95% confidence interval: 29.0–43.2) and tertiary (38.6%, 95% confidence interval: 31.7–46.7) reason for attending OULA. A majority of the participants said that OULA makes them feel like part of a community (93.2%, 95% confidence interval: 82.5–105.1) and increases their energy outside of class (80.1%, 95% confidence interval: 70.2–91.1). In our sample, 12.5% (95% confidence interval: 8.8–17.1) and 9.0% (95% confidence interval: 5.9–12.9) were currently taking antidepressants and anxiolytics, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that current OULA participants are already using the program to relieve stress or improve mood. Further research should be conducted to understand the relationship between OULA and depression/anxiety.
Effect of alvimopan on gastrointestinal recovery and length of hospital stay after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer
Authors: Radadia Kushan D , Farber Nicholas J , Tabakin Alexandra L , Wang Wei , Patel Hiren V , Polotti Charles F , Weiss Robert E , Elsamra Sammy E , Kim Isaac Y , Singer Eric A , Stein Mark N , Mayer Tina M , Jang Thomas L 
Published: July 2018

Objective: Alvimopan use has reduced the length of hospital stay in patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries and radical cystectomy. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer may be associated with delayed gastrointestinal recovery prolonging hospital length of stay. We evaluate whether alvimopan is associated with enhanced gastrointestinal recovery and shorter hospital length of stay in men undergoing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer. Materials and methods: From 2010 to 2016, 29 patients underwent open, transperitoneal bilateral template retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Data for patients who received alvimopan were prospectively collected and compared to a historical cohort of patients who did not receive alvimopan. Primary outcome measures were length of stay and recovery of gastrointestinal function. Descriptive statistics were reported. Time-to-event outcomes were evaluated using cumulative incidence curves and log rank test. Factors associated with length of stay were analyzed for correlation using multiple linear regression. Results: Of 29 men undergoing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, eight received alvimopan and 21 did not. The two cohorts were well matched, with no significant differences. In the alvimopan cohort compared with those who did not receive alvimopan median time to return of flatus was 2 versus 4 days ( p=0.0002), and median time to first bowel movement was 2.5 versus 5 days ( p=0.046), respectively. Median length of stay in the alvimopan cohort was 4 days versus 6 days in those who did not receive alvimopan ( p=0.074). In adjusted analyses, receipt of alvimopan did not influence length of stay. Conclusion: Alvimopan may facilitate gastrointestinal recovery after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer. Whether this translates into reduced length of stay needs to be determined by randomized controlled trials using larger cohorts. Level of evidence: 3b.
Opportunities and Challenges for Genetic Studies of End-Stage Renal Disease in Canada
Authors: Kalatharan Vinusha , Lemaire Mathieu , Lanktree Matthew B. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review: Genetic testing can improve diagnostic precision in some patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) providing the potential for targeted therapy and improved patient outcomes. We sought to describe the genetic architecture of ESRD and Canadian data sources available for further genetic investigation into ESRD. Sources of information: We performed PubMed searches of English, peer-reviewed articles using keywords “chronic kidney disease,” “ESRD,” “genetics,” “sequencing,” and “administrative databases,” and searched for nephrology-related Mendelian diseases on the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. Methods: In this narrative review, we discuss our evolving understanding of the genetic architecture of kidney disease and ESRD, the risks and benefits of using genetic data to help diagnose and manage patients with ESRD, existing public Canadian biobanks and databases, and a vision for future genetic studies of ESRD in Canada. Key findings: ESRD has a polygenic architecture including rare Mendelian mutations and common small effect genetic polymorphism contributors. Genetic testing will improve diagnostic accuracy and contribute to a precision medicine approach in nephrology. However, the risk and benefits of genetic testing needs to be considered from an individual and societal perspective, and further research is required. Merging existing health data, linking biobanks and administrative databases, and forming Canadian collaborations hold great potential for genetic research into ESRD. Large sample sizes are necessary to perform the suitably powered investigations required to bring this vision to reality. Limitations: This is a narrative review of the literature discussing future directions and opportunities. It reflects the views and academic biases of the authors. Implications: National collaborations will be required to obtain sample sizes required for impactful, robust research. Merging established datasets may be one approach to obtain adequate samples. Patient education and engagement will improve the value of knowledge gained.
Attitude and Behavior to Oral Health of 456 Patients Who Presented for Tooth Extraction at 2 Health Facilities in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Gbolahan Olalere Omoyosola , Fasola Abiodun Olubayo , Aladelusi Timothy Olukunle 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Tooth loss can indicate the population’s oral health situation; majority of patients presenting for tooth extraction have poor oral health behavior and dental service utilization. Understanding the factors responsible for the poor attitude may help in designing targeted intervention to improve their oral health behavior. This study aims to find out the effects of dental health attitude and behavior on tooth mortality in a cohort of adults attending the oral surgery clinic for tooth extraction in 2 health facilities in southwestern Nigeria. Patients and Method: Cross-sectional study of consecutive adult patients who presented at the oral surgery clinic for tooth extraction. Clinical and demographic data, oral health habits, and pattern of previous dental clinic attendance were collected. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 19.0. Variables were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate factors influencing dental habit and dental service utilization. Results: The study comprised a total of 453 respondents, consisting of 239 nonattenders, 196 in-trouble attenders, and 18 regular attenders, with majority (59.4%) of them being low earners or not gainfully employed. Majority (64.8%) of the in-trouble attenders had attained tertiary education. Attendance pattern had no influence on the number of extractions needed. Conclusion: Despite high educational attainment and availability of dental services, most patients presenting for extraction have poor oral health habit and are problem-oriented attenders. Socioeconomic disparities and poor dental habits appear to be part of the major factors responsible for poor dental behavior among the study subjects.
HLA-DRB1–factor VIII binding is a risk factor for inhibitor development in nonsevere hemophilia: a case-control study
Authors: Kempton Christine L. , Payne Amanda B. 
Published: July 2018

Key Points
Inhibitor development in patients with nonsevere hemophilia A is associated with predicted novel binding of HLA-DRB1 with FVIII peptides. Inhibitor development associated with high-risk F8 mutations is due, in part, to high levels of novel HLA-DRB1 FVIII peptide binding.