bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of Prenatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Assessment of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Style Candace C. , Mehollin-Ray Amy R. , Verla Mariatu A. , Lau Patricio E. , Cruz Stephanie M. , Espinoza Jimmy , Lee Timothy C. , Fernandes Caraciolo J. , Keswani Sundeep G. , Olutoye Oluyinka O. 
Published: August 2019

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to stratify severity of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) after ultrasound diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to determine if timing of MRI influenced prediction of severity of outcome in CDH. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A single institution retrospective review of all CDH referred to our institution from February 2004 to May 2017 was performed. Patients were included if they underwent at least 2 fetal MRIs prior to delivery. Prenatal MRI indices including observed-to-expected total fetal lung volume (o/e TFLV) were evaluated. Indices were categorized by trimester, either 2nd (20–27 weeks gestation) or 3rd trimester (&#x3e;28 weeks gestation) and further analyzed for outcome predictability. Primary outcomes were survival, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and pulmonary hypertension (PAH). Student <i>t</i> test and logistic and linear regression were used for data analyses. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 256 fetuses evaluated for CDH, 197 were further characterized by MRI with 57 having both an MRI in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. There was an average of 9.95 weeks (±4.3) between the 1st and 2nd MRI. Second trimester o/e TFLV was the only independent predictor of survival by logistic regression (OR 0.890, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). Third trimester MRI derived lung volumes were associated with, and independent predictors of, severity of PAH and need for ECMO. Interval TFLV growth was a strong predictor of PAH postnatally (OR 0.361, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). Overall cohort survival was 79%. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Accuracy of MRI lung volumes to predict outcomes is dependent on the ­gestational age at the time of exam. While MRI lung volumes at either the 2nd or 3rd trimester are predictive of morbidity, 2nd trimester lung volumes strongly correlated with mortality.
Direct Amplification of Tissue Factor:Factor VIIa Procoagulant Activity by Bile Acids Drives Intrahepatic Coagulation
Authors: Baker Kevin S. , Kopec Anna K. , Pant Asmita , Poole Lauren G. , Cline-Fedewa Holly , Ivkovich Dora , Olyaee Mojtaba , Woolbright Benjamin L. , Miszta Adam , Jaeschke Hartmut , Wolberg Alisa S. , Luyendyk James P. 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
Regulation of TF (tissue factor):FVIIa (coagulation factor VIIa) complex procoagulant activity is especially critical in tissues where plasma can contact TF-expressing cells. One example is the liver, where hepatocytes are routinely exposed to plasma because of the fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium. Although liver-associated TF contributes to coagulation, the mechanisms controlling the TF:FVIIa complex activity in this tissue are not known.

Approach and Results:

Common bile duct ligation in mice triggered rapid hepatocyte TF-dependent intrahepatic coagulation coincident with increased plasma bile acids, which occurred at a time before observable liver damage. Similarly, plasma TAT (thrombin-antithrombin) levels increased in cholestatic patients without concurrent hepatocellular injury. Pathologically relevant concentrations of the bile acid glycochenodeoxycholic acid rapidly increased hepatocyte TF-dependent procoagulant activity in vitro, independent of de novo TF synthesis and necrotic or apoptotic cell death. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid increased hepatocyte TF activity even in the presence of the phosphatidylserine-blocking protein lactadherin. Interestingly, glycochenodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid increased the procoagulant activity of the TF:FVIIa complex relipidated in unilamellar phosphatidylcholine vesicles, which was linked to an apparent decrease in the K
m
for FX (coagulation factor X). Notably, the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate, a bile acid structural analog, did not increase relipidated TF:FVIIa activity. Bile acids directly enhanced factor X activation by recombinant soluble TF:FVIIa complex but had no effect on FVIIa alone.

Conclusions:
The results indicate that bile acids directly accelerate TF:FVIIa–driven coagulation reactions, suggesting a novel mechanism whereby elevation in a physiological mediator can directly increase TF:FVIIa procoagulant activity.
Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Stroke Mimics
Authors: Ali-Ahmed Fatima , Federspiel Jerome J. , Liang Li , Xu Haolin , Sevilis Theresa , Hernandez Adrian F. , Kosinski Andrzej S. , Prvu Bettger Janet , Smith Eric E. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Schwamm Lee H. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Peterson Eric D. , Xian Ying 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The necessity for rapid evaluation and treatment of acute ischemic stroke with intravenous tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) may increase the risk of administrating tPA to patients presenting with noncerebrovascular conditions that closely resemble stroke (stroke mimics). However, there are limited data on thrombolysis safety in stroke mimics.

Methods and Results:

Using data from the Get With The Guidelines–Stroke Registry, we identified 72 582 patients with suspected ischemic stroke treated with tPA from 485 US hospitals between January 2010 and December 2017. We documented the use of tPA in stroke mimics, defined as patients who present with stroke-like symptoms, but after workup are determined not to have suffered from a stroke or transient ischemic attack, and compared characteristics and outcomes in stroke mimics versus those with ischemic stroke. Overall, 3.5% of tPA treatments were given to stroke mimics. Among them, 38.2% had a final nonstroke diagnoses of migraine, functional disorder, seizure, and electrolyte or metabolic imbalance. Compared with tPA-treated true ischemic strokes, tPA-treated mimics were younger (median 54 versus 71 years), had a less severe National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (median 6 versus 8), and a lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, except for a higher prevalence of prior stroke/transient ischemic attack (31.3% versus 26.1%, all
P
<0.001). The rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was lower in stroke mimics (0.4%) as compared with 3.5% in ischemic strokes (adjusted odds ratio, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.17–0.50). In-hospital mortality rate was significantly lower in stroke mimics (0.8% versus 6.2%, adjusted odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.20–0.49). Patients with stroke mimics were more likely to be discharged to home (83.8% versus 49.3%, adjusted odds ratio, 2.97; 95% CI, 2.59–3.42) and to ambulate independently at discharge (78.6% versus 50.6%, adjusted odds ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.61–2.14).

Conclusions:
In this large cohort of patients treated with tPA, relatively few patients who received tPA for presumed stroke were ultimately not diagnosed with a stroke or transient ischemic attack. The complication rates associated with tPA in stroke mimics were low. Despite the potential risk of administering tPA to stroke mimics, opportunity remains for continued improvement in the rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke.
Joint Shock/Death Risk Prediction Model for Patients Considering Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Authors: Reeder Harrison T. , Shen Changyu , Buxton Alfred E. , Haneuse Sebastien J. , Kramer Daniel B. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The risk of death or appropriate therapy varies widely among recipients of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). The goals of this study were to develop a risk prediction tool that jointly considers future outcome probabilities of ICD shock and death.

Methods and Results:
We performed a secondary analysis of patients receiving ICDs as part of the SCD-HeFT trial (Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial). We applied an illness-death regression model to jointly model both ICD shocks and death under the semi-competing risks framework, which predicts for each patient their probability of having received ICD shocks, dying, or both at any given point in time. Among 803 ICD recipients (mean age, 60 years; 23% women) followed for a median of 41.1 months, 430 (53.5%) patients completed the study without dying or receiving an ICD shock, 206 (25.7%) received at least 1 shock but survived, 113 (14.1%) died before experiencing a shock, and 54 (6.7%) received at least 1 shock and subsequently died. Predicted outcome probabilities based on baseline demographic and clinical variables reveal substantial heterogeneity in joint shock and death risks, both between patients at each time point and for each single patient across time. Overall, predictive performance for ICD shock and death individually was adequate, based on area under the curve at 5 years of 0.65 for shocks and of 0.79 for death.

Conclusions:
Our analysis of outcomes after ICD implantation provides an alternative predictive model for individual risk of death or ICD shocks. If validated, this may provide a useful tool for individualized counseling regarding likely outcomes after device implantation, while also informing the design of further studies to focus the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ICD therapy.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00000609.
Sex Differences in Outcome After Endovascular Stroke Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sheth Sunil A. , Lee Songmi , Warach Steven J. , Gralla Jan , Jahan Reza , Goyal Mayank , Nogueira Raul G. , Zaidat Osama O. , Pereira Vitor M. , Siddiqui Adnan , Lutsep Helmi , Liebeskind David S. , McCullough Louise D. , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—
We determined the effect of sex on outcome after endovascular stroke thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke, including lifelong disability outcomes.

Methods—
We analyzed patients treated with the Solitaire stent retriever in the combined SWIFT (Solitaire FR With the Intention for Thrombectomy), STAR (Solitaire FR Thrombectomy for Acute Revascularization), and SWIFT PRIME (Solitaire FR With the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment) cohorts. Ordinal and logistic regression were used to examine known factors influencing outcome after endovascular stroke thrombectomy and study the effect of sex on the association between these factors and outcomes, including age and time to reperfusion. Years of optimal life after thrombectomy were defined as disability-adjusted life years and calculated by projecting disability through adjusted poststroke life expectancy by sex.

Results—

Among 389 patients treated with endovascular stroke thrombectomy, 55% were females, and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 17 (interquartile range, 8–28). There were no differences between females versus males in presenting deficit severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 17 versus 17,
P
=0.21), occlusion location (69% versus 64% M1,
P
=0.62), presenting infarct extent (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score 8 versus 8,
P
=0.24), rate of substantial reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b/3, 87% versus 83%,
P
=0.37), onset to reperfusion time (294 versus 302 minutes,
P
=0.46). Despite older ages (69 versus 64,
P
<0.001) and higher rate of atrial fibrillation (45% versus 30%,
P
=0.002) for females compared with males, adjusted rates of functional independence at 90 days were similar (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.6–1.6). After adjusting for age at presentation and stroke severity, females had more years of optimal life (disability-adjusted life year) after endovascular stroke thrombectomy, 10.6 versus 8.5 years (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Despite greater age and higher rate of atrial fibrillation, females experienced comparable functional outcomes and greater years of optimal life after intervention compared with males.
Sex Differences in Long-Term Quality of Life Among Survivors After Stroke in the INSTRUCT
Authors: Phan Hoang T. , Blizzard Christopher L. , Reeves Mathew J. , Thrift Amanda G. , Cadilhac Dominique A. , Sturm Jonathan , Heeley Emma , Otahal Petr , Rothwell Peter , Anderson Craig S. , Parmar Priya , Krishnamurthi Rita , Barker-Collo Suzanne , Feigin Valery , Gall Seana 
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—
Women are reported to have poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after stroke than men, but the underlying reasons are uncertain. We investigated factors contributing to the sex differences.

Methods—
Individual participant data on 4288 first-ever strokes (1996–2013) were obtained from 4 high-quality population-based incidence studies from Australasia and Europe. HRQoL utility scores among survivors after stroke (range from negative scores=worse than death to 1=perfect health) were calculated from 3 scales including European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions, Short-Form 6-Dimension, and Assessment of Quality of Life at 1 year (3 studies; n=1210) and 5 years (3 studies; n=1057). Quantile regression was used to estimate the median differences in HRQoL for women compared to men with adjustment for covariates. Study factors included sociodemographics, prestroke dependency, stroke-related factors (eg, stroke severity), comorbidities, and poststroke depression. Study-specific median differences were combined into pooled estimates using random-effect meta-analysis.

Results—

Women had lower pooled HRQoL than men (median difference
unadjusted
1 year, −0.147; 95% CI, −0.258 to −0.036; 5 years, −0.090; 95% CI, −0.119 to −0.062). After adjustment for age, stroke severity, prestroke dependency, and depression, these pooled median differences were attenuated, more greatly at 1 year (−0.067; 95% CI, −0.111 to −0.022) than at 5 years (−0.085; 95% CI, −0.135 to −0.034).

Conclusions—
Women consistently exhibited poorer HRQoL after stroke than men. This was partly attributable to women’s advanced age, more severe strokes, prestroke dependency, and poststroke depression, suggesting targets to reduce the differences. There was some evidence of residual differences in HRQoL between sexes but they were small and unlikely to be clinically significant.
Infection During Delivery Hospitalization and Risk of Readmission for Postpartum Stroke
Authors: Miller Eliza C. , Wen Timothy , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Friedman Alexander M. , Boehme Amelia K. 
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—
Most cases of pregnancy-related ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) occur postpartum. Infections have been identified as a trigger for strokes in young people and have been associated with strokes during delivery hospitalizations, but a temporal relationship has been difficult to establish. We hypothesized that infections diagnosed during a delivery admission would be associated with an increased risk of readmission for postpartum stroke.

Methods—
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National Readmissions Database from 2010 to 2014. Using weighted survey design Poisson regression analysis, we calculated adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% CI for the association between infection during delivery admission and 30-day postpartum readmission for IS or HS.

Results—

Out of 17.2 million delivery admissions during the study period, 2128 were readmitted within 30 days for a stroke of any type. There were 1189 HS (intracerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage) and 720 IS, and the remainder unspecified pregnancy-related stroke. Adjusting for age and comorbidities, women with delivery infections were at higher risk of readmission for postpartum stroke of any type (aRR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01–1.41). Women with infections had higher risk of readmission for postpartum IS (aRR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.37–2.22), but not for postpartum HS (aRR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.75–1.23). The effect of infection on 30-day IS readmission was larger in women without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (aRR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.55–2.69 in women without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy versus aRR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.9–2.38 in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,
P
value for interaction=0.09).

Conclusions—
Infection during delivery hospitalization was associated with increased risk of readmission for IS, but not HS, within 30 days postpartum, particularly in women without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Infection may play a role in triggering postpartum IS even in the absence of other risk factors.
The Role of Children’s Rights in Regulating Digital Advertising
Authors: Verdoodt Valerie 
Published: August 2019

An important domain in which children’s rights are reconfigured by internet use, is digital advertising. New advertising formats such as advergames, personalised and integrated advertising have permeated the online environments in which children play, communicate and search for information. The often immersive, interactive and increasingly personalised nature of these advertising formats makes it difficult for children to recognise and make informed and well-balanced commercial decisions. This raises particular issues from a children’s rights perspective, including, inter alia, their rights to development (Article 6, uncrc), privacy (Article 16, uncrc), protection against economic exploitation (Article 32, uncrc), freedom of thought (Article 17, uncrc) and education (Article 28, uncrc). The paper addresses this reconfiguration by translating the general principles and the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child into the specific context of digital advertising. Moreover, it considers the different dimensions of the rights (i.e. protection, participation and provision) and how the commercialisation affects children and how their rights are exercised.
Biblical Geography
Authors: den Hollander August 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Maps in Dutch printed Bibles made their debut when the Bible was first printed in large folio format in the Low Countries. The first complete Dutch Bible in the folio format that appeared on the market, by Jacob van Liesvelt in 1526, already included a map. This was a map of the Exodus, the Israelites’ journey through the desert from the land of Egypt to the promised land of Canaan. In the course of the second half of the sixteenth century, additional maps appeared in Bibles published in the Low Countries. In the sixteenth century, maps are found in both Catholic and Protestant Bibles.
On the Sound Change PGmc /hʷ/ > /f/, the Etymology of Du lijfeigen, and the Malberg Gloss leodardi
Authors: Postma Gertjan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A well-known exception to Grimm’s Law, /kʷ/ > /f/ instead of /kʷ/ > /hʷ/, is taken as a starting point and its reflexes in Middle Dutch and Sal-Frankic are discussed. As to the PIE root *leikʷ-, MD and MLG līf- in the compounds līfeigen ‘owned by the fief’, līftuht ‘feudal law’, and līfcōp ‘feudal transaction fee’ is identified as derived from this root under a regular sound change, which is coined Uhlenbeck’s Law. Uhlenbeck’s Law acts as a resolution of a pansyllabic constraint, not a constraint on roots. As to Sal-Frankic, the new etymology of SF leo- ‘related to the tenements’’, and by extention ‘agricultural’, sheds new light on the structure of the Lex Salica. It is argued that the tripartite manorial system of land tenure has reflexes in juridical terminology of this archaic legal document.
Der Fall Gregorius
Authors: Langbroek Erika , Brands Francis 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
It may be that the French and German authors of La vie du pape Grégoire and Gregorius were so influenced by classical texts as part of their education that these Gregorian legends contain motifs and structural elements of a classical comedy or tragedy. Therefore these legends are compared with twelve comedies by Plautus and Terence.
Über die Schönheit des ‚Jüngeren Titurel‘
Authors: Neukirchen Thomas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
There are convincing reasons to see the ‘Younger Titurel’ not as a continuation of the ‘Titurel’ Fragments, but as a critical supplement, completion and perfection of Wolfram von Eschenbach’s ‘Parzival’. It is against this backdrop that we need to explain the ‘Younger Titurel’ taking up and correcting Wolfram’s ‘Titurel’ verses. This article will provide such an explanation. It starts from the premise that Albrecht does not only critically distance himself from Wolframs narration, but also from the superficial form of the ‘Parzival’ and ‘Titurel’. From his perspective, the narrative form of ‘Parzival’ was inappropriate. This opinion manifests itself in the harmonized verse of YT. Through its claim to beauty, it promises to bestow a capacity for knowledge which is directed towards the Good. In that regard, the ‘Younger Titurel’ is a noëtic novel.
Intentional language change and the connection between mixed languages and genderlects
Authors: Bakker Peter 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper links genderlects and mixed languages. Both may have their roots in a gender dichotomy, where two distinct populations come together and blend into a new one, with different linguistic consequences. Mixed languages are generally assumed to be the result of deliberate or conscious language change and often come about as the result of an act of identity, connected to the birth of a new social or ethnic group. Societies or ethnic groups that are the result of mixed marriages may develop a mixed language or a genderlect. I show that there is a connection between the two, as proven in one specific case: a mixed language developed into a genderlect over several centuries. Typically, mixed languages combine elements from two languages with results that are so unusual that they are clearly not the result of normal language change, i.e. they are not outcomes of regular transmission between generations. Certain combinations found in genderlects show parallel patterns, for example in having personal pronouns or deictic elements that derive from other languages. Comparative evidence based on structural parallels suggests that some such genderlects (though not necessarily all) derive from deliberate changes by earlier generations. In this paper, I also investigate whether there is a link between societies with socially quite different roles for men and women, and societies with a genderlect, and find that such a link does not seem to exist.
What multiethnolects reveal about creole genesis
Authors: McWhorter John 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Recent theories of creole genesis propose that creole languages did not emerge via the expansion of pidgin varieties (DeGraff, 2001; Mufwene, 2001, 2008). This paper argues that the multiethnolects that have formed in many European cities constitute a demonstration case of the genesis scenario these new creolist theories reconstruct. Crucially, however, the multiethnolects, while displaying a modest degree of grammatical simplification and restructuring, exhibit this to nothing approaching the degree that creoles do. This supports the idea that creoles form from a break in transmission rather than simply hybridization.
The tune drives the text
Authors: Roettger Timo B. , Grice Martine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In recent years there has been increasing recognition of the vital role of intonation in speech communication. While contemporary models represent intonation—the tune—and the text that bears it on separate autonomous tiers, this paper distils previously unconnected findings across diverse languages that point to important interactions between these two tiers. These interactions often involve vowels, which, given their rich harmonic structure, lend themselves particularly well to the transmission of pitch. Existing vowels can be lengthened, new vowels can be inserted and loss of their voicing can be blocked. The negotiation between tune and text ensures that pragmatic information is accurately transmitted and possibly plays a role in the typology of phonological systems.