bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TO THE DIGITAL SCHOOL’S MODEL
Authors: Karakozov S. D. , Uvarov A. Yu. , Ryzhova N. I. 
Published: November 2018

With the digitalization of society based on the transition to digital economy and education, the article highlights the necessity of replacing traditional school with the digital one. The article considers digital school to be a pedagogical phenomenon rather than a technological one and suggests solutions to provide every learner with the required (documented in the approved educational program) educational level at every stage of school and to develop their own unique potential by taking advantage of digital learning. The authors conclude that transition to digital school is a digital transformation of schooling at every stage.
Kayseri Develi Tarımsal Kalkınma Kooperatifi Süt Sığırı Çiftliğinde Bulunan Sığır Tırnaklarının Muayenesi ve Problemli Tırnakların Sağaltımı
Authors: ATALAN Gültekin 
Published: November 2018

Bu
çalışmada Kayseri İli Develi İlçesinde bulunan bir işletmedeki 100 baş sağmal süt
ineğinde tırnak hastalıkları yönünden tarama yapılmış ve 37 hayvanda tırnak
bozukluğu saptanarak bunların tedavilerinin
yapılması ve elde edilen sonuçların değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hayvanların
vücut ağırlıkları (400-750 kg) ortalama 600 kg, yaşları ise&nbsp; (2-10 yıl) ortalama 5.5 yıl olarak tespit
edildi. Ortalama süt verimleri ise 25±3 litre olarak tespit edildi. Hayvanların
laktasyon sayıları 1 ile 6 arasında değişiyordu. Hayvanların öncelikle klinik
muayeneleri yapıldı. Enfeksiyöz hastalıkları yönünden yapılan incelemede hiçbir
hayvanda bozukluk görülmedi. Hayvanlar tek tek yürütülerek topallık kontrolleri
yapıldıktan sonra travaya alındı. Ayaklar askıya alınarak tırnak muayenesi
yapıldı. Belirlenen hastalıklar güncel gelişmeler ışığında tedavi edildi. Çalışmada
ayak hastalıklarının insidansı % 37 olarak belirlendi. Elde edilen bulgular
tırnak hastalıklarının büyük oranda beslenme ve yetiştiricilikten kaynaklandığını
ortaya koydu. Bu nedenle, ahır hijyeninin sağlanması, ayak banyolarının düzenli
kullanılması, periyodik tırnak kesimi ve bakımının yanı sıra çalışanların
bilinçlendirilmesinin ayak hastalıkları oranının düşürülmesinde önemli rol
oynayacağı sonucuna varıldı.
Pengaruh Analisis Jabatan Dan Penempatan Pegawai Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada PT. Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk Cabang Serang
Authors: Suhartini Neng , - Nafiudin , Sukrismas Mila 
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Analisis Jabatan dan Penempatan Pegawai terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada PT. Sumber Alfaria Trijaya, Tbk cabang Serang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini melibatkan Sebanyak 80 pegawai pada PT. Sumber Alfaria Trijaya,tbk cabang Serang Sumber data yang diperoleh melalui data primer dan data skunder dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi dan penyebaran kuesioner kepada seluruh anggota responden.
Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan ketentuan jika thitung>ttabel maka hipotesis diterima. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian SPSS V.16.0 dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara analisis jabatan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai.
Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan ketentuan jika Fhitung>Ftabel maka hipotesis diterima. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian SPSS V.16.0 dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara analisis jabatan dan Penempatan Pegawai terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Hasil penelitian ini mendukung hasil penelitian sebelumnya.
The MUSCLES Treasury Survey. V. FUV Flares on Active and Inactive M Dwarfs*

†

‡
Authors: Loyd R. O. Parke , France Kevin , Youngblood Allison , Schneider Christian , Brown Alexander , Hu Renyu , Segura Antígona , Linsky Jeffrey , Redfield Seth , Tian Feng , Rugheimer Sarah , Miguel Yamila , Froning Cynthia S. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
M dwarf stars are known for their vigorous flaring. This flaring could impact the climate of orbiting planets, making it important to characterize M dwarf flares at the short wavelengths that drive atmospheric chemistry and escape. We conducted a far-ultraviolet flare survey of six M dwarfs from the recent MUSCLES (Measurements of the Ultraviolet Spectral Characteristics of Low-mass Exoplanetary Systems) observations, as well as four highly active M dwarfs with archival data. When comparing absolute flare energies, we found the active-M-star flares to be about 10× more energetic than inactive-M-star flares. However, when flare energies were normalized by the star’s quiescent flux, the active and inactive samples exhibited identical flare distributions, with a power-law index of

(cumulative distribution). The rate and distribution of flares are such that they could dominate the FUV energy budget of M dwarfs, assuming the same distribution holds to flares as energetic as those cataloged by Kepler and ground-based surveys. We used the observed events to create an idealized model flare with realistic spectral and temporal energy budgets to be used in photochemical simulations of exoplanet atmospheres. Applied to our own simulation of direct photolysis by photons alone (no particles), we find that the most energetic observed flares have little effect on an Earth-like atmosphere, photolyzing ∼0.01% of the total O3 column. The observations were too limited temporally (73 hr cumulative exposure) to catch rare, highly energetic flares. Those that the power-law fit predicts occur monthly would photolyze ∼1% of the O3 column and those it predicts occur yearly would photolyze the full O3 column. Whether such energetic flares occur at the rate predicted is an open question.
Lenslet Array and Fabry–Pérot Based Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Ranganathan Mohanakrishna , Sankarasubramanian K. , Bayanna A. R. , Mathew S. K. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present a novel technique of imaging a 2D region such that the image formed has both spectral and spatial information in a single frame. This technique uses a combination of a microlenslet array and a Fabry–Pérot etalon to generate multiple images of the region at different wavelength positions. This results in the formation of a hyperspectral image in a single snapshot. The instrument contains no moving parts and uses the property of blueshift of the transmitted wavelength as the angle of incidence increases on an etalon. The spectral band covered, field of view of the region, and the hyperspectral bands needed can be selected and altered by a simple change in the combination of focal length of imaging and collimating lenses used in the setup. Results obtained from solar observation of two regions in absorption and emission lines, respectively, are presented. A conceptual design of extending the capability of this instrument to perform hyperspectropolarimetry is also presented.
The Complementary Roles of Feedback and Mergers in Building the Gaseous Halo and the X-Ray Corona of Milky-Way-sized Galaxies
Authors: Sokołowska A. , Babul A. , Mayer L. , Shen S. , Madau P. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We use high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of Milky-Way-sized galaxies with varying supernova feedback strengths and merger histories to investigate the formation of their gaseous halos and especially their hot (>106 K) X-ray-luminous coronae. Our simulations predict the presence of significant hot gas in the halos as early as z = 3–4, well before the halos ought to be able to sustain hot mode accretion in the conventional picture. The nascent coronae grow inside-out and initially do so primarily as a result of outflows from the central galaxies powered by merger-induced shock heating and strong supernova feedback, both of which are elemental features of today’s successful galaxy formation models. Furthermore, the outflows and the forming coronae also accelerate the transition from cold to hot mode accretion by contributing to the conditions for sustaining stable accretion shocks. They also disrupt the filamentary streams funneling cold gas onto the central galaxies by causing their mouths to fray into a broad delta, detach from the galaxies, and be pushed away to larger radii. And even though at early times the filaments repeatedly re-form, the hot gas and the outflows act to weaken the filaments and accelerate their ultimate disruption. Although galactic outflows are generally thought of as ejective feedback, we find that their action on the filaments suggests a preventive role as well.
Constraining the Solar Galactic Reflex Velocity using Gaia Observations of the Sagittarius Stream
Authors: Hayes Christian R. , Law David R. , Majewski Steven R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Because of its particular orientation around the Galaxy—i.e., in a plane nearly perpendicular to the Galactic plane and containing both the Sun and Galactic center—the Sagittarius (Sgr) stream provides a powerful means by which to measure the solar reflex velocity, and thereby infer the velocity of the Local Standard of Rest (LSR), in a way that is independent of assumptions about the solar Galactocentric distance. Moreover, the solar reflex velocity with respect to the stream is projected almost entirely into the proper motion component of Sgr stream stars perpendicular to the Sgr plane, which makes the inferred velocity relatively immune to most Sgr model assumptions. Using Gaia Data Release 2 proper motions of ∼2000 stars identified to be Sgr stream candidates in concert with the Law & Majewski Sgr N-body models (which provide a good match to the Gaia observations), we constrain the solar reflex velocity induced by its orbital motion around the Galaxy to be Θ⊙ = 253 ± 6 km s−1. Assuming a solar peculiar motion in the direction of orbital rotation of 12 km s−1, and an LSR velocity of 12 km s−1 with respect to the local circular speed, the implied circular speed of the Milky Way at the solar circle is 229 ± 6 km s−1.
Daclatasvir and Sofosbuvir with Ribavirin for 24 Weeks in Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype-3-Infected Patients with Cirrhosis: A Phase III Study (ALLY-3C)
Authors: Poordad Fred , Shiffman Mitchell L , Ghesquiere Wayne , Wong Alexander , Huhn Gregory D , Wong Florence , Ramji Alnoor , Shafran Stephen D , McPhee Fiona , Yang Rong , Noviello Stephanie , Linaberry Misti ,   the ALLY-3C study team
Published: November 2018

Background Optimal treatment for patients with HCV genotype-3 infection and liver cirrhosis remains a medical priority. Daclatasvir+sofosbuvir and ribavirin is a recommended option for such patients, but clinical trial data are lacking for treatment >16 weeks. Methods This was a single-arm, Phase III study of daclatasvir+sofosbuvir+ribavirin for 24 weeks in patients with compensated cirrhosis and HCV genotype-3 infection. The primary end point was sustained virological response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12); the primary objective was to demonstrate statistical superiority to historical SVR12 data for 12 weeks’ daclatasvir+sofosbuvir without ribavirin in genotype-3-infected patients with cirrhosis (95% CI lower bound >79.0%). Results A total of 78 patients were treated (54 treatment-naive, 24 treatment-experienced including 8 with prior sofosbuvir exposure). SVR12 was achieved by 87% (68/78; 95% CI 77.7, 93.7%) of patients in the primary analysis of central laboratory data. One additional patient achieved SVR12 by local testing resulting in an overall SVR12 rate of 88% (95% CI 79.2, 94.6%) and the lower bound of the 95% CI above the historical threshold. SVR12 rates were 93% (50/54) for treatment-naive and 79% (19/24) for treatment-experienced patients. Of the nine non-SVR12 patients, four were lost to follow-up, two relapsed (both sofosbuvir-experienced), two had end-of-treatment virological failure and one discontinued early. There were no unexpected safety signals; only one patient discontinued for an adverse event. Conclusions Daclatasvir+sofosbuvir+ribavirin for 24 weeks was well tolerated and efficacious in HCV genotype-3-infected patients with compensated cirrhosis, with SVR12 outcomes comparable to previously reported outcomes in patients treated with this regimen for 12–16 weeks.
Does Rheumatoid Arthritis Really Improve During Pregnancy? A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Jethwa Hannah , Lam Suzanne , Smith Colette , Giles Ian 
Published: November 2018

Objective.We performed a systematic review and metaanalysis to assess rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity during pregnancy using objective disease activity scoring systems.Methods.A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE/Medline, Cochrane, and LactMed databases was performed. Our inclusion criteria for analysis were prospective studies, more than 5 patients per study, and data on RA using an objective scoring system conducted by a clinician/health professional.Results.Ten studies were eligible for final analysis, which included 237 patients, of which prepartum data were available for 204 patients. Postpartum disease activity was recorded in 135 pregnancies.Conclusion.Disease activity improved in 60% of patients with RA in pregnancy and flared in 46.7% postpartum.
APPLYING PROJECT BASED LEARNING IN AN UNDERGRADUATE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM AT APPALACHIAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Russell James A , Helms Chelsea R , Everhart R Chadwick , Miller D Jason 
Published: November 2018

INTRODUCTION Project based learning (PBL) fully engages students in the subject area, promotes teamwork, transdisciplinary collaboration, allows student teams to engage and solve community design problems and can ultimately lead to broader student worldviews. PBL, however, presents significant curricular challenges, including project definition and meaningful student assessment. The authors began the process of exploring PBL through a National Science Foundation Transformation Undergraduate Education in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (TUES) award. The program was piloted for two semesters under the TUES award and has now completed its eighth semester overall operating as a special curricular track in parallel with an existing, traditional curricular program in Building Science. With four years of dedicated PBL program experience to inform their efforts, the authors are currently reworking the existing Building Science program curriculum to fully integrate a PBL capstone during the senior year while establishing a clear curricular path, creating a sound base of projects, and maintaining resource limits that include, but are not limited to, facilities, materials and personnel. In this paper, the authors discuss their successes and difficulties with implementing PBL in an undergraduate design and construction program by reviewing twelve years of both spontaneous and planned project based PBL experiences in an undergraduate design and construction program.
Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation on Myopathy in Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Koutsioumpa Evangelia , Makris Demosthenes , Theochari Athina , Bagka Dimitra , Stathakis Stathis , Manoulakas Efstratios , Sgantzos Markos , Zakynthinos Epaminondas 
Published: November 2018

Background
Critical illness polyneuropathy or myopathy is a severe disorder that may adversely affect patients in the intensive care unit, resulting in reduced mobilization, decline in muscle mass, and prolonged recovery periods.

Objective
To examine whether the application of trans-cutaneous electrical neuromuscular stimulation (TENMS) reduces the incidence or severity of myopathy related to critical illness in intensive care unit patients.

Methods
A total of 80 patients aged 18 years or older with an intensive care unit stay of 96 hours or more and receipt of mechanical ventilation for 96 hours or more were initially enrolled in a prospective, open-label randomized controlled trial in a university hospital. Patients received either conventional physical therapy alone (control group) or conventional physical therapy plus TENMS (TENMS group) for 10 days. Myopathy was assessed histologically (by needle biopsy of the quadriceps muscles) on the 4th and 14th days of the intensive care unit stay.

Results
Of the 68 patients who completed the study, 27 (40%) had myopathy on the 14th day: 11 patients in the TENMS group (9 mild, 1 moderate, and 1 severe) and 16 patients in the control group (13 mild, 2 moderate, and 1 severe). Patients who progressed from mild to moderate or severe myopathy between the 4th and 14th days had significantly lower body mass index (P = .001) and longer time periods with inadequate nutrition (P = .049) compared with the other patients. Mean (SD) Rankin scale scores at 6 months were 3.2 (1.8) and 3.8 (2.1) in the TENMS and control groups, respectively (P = .09).

Conclusion
TENMS had no significant impact on myopathy in the critically ill patients in this study.
Score for Predicting Ventilator Weaning Duration in Patients With Tracheostomies
Authors: Greenberg Jared A. , Balk Robert A. , Shah Raj C. 
Published: November 2018

Background
Factors affecting the timing of ventilator liberation among patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation (≥21 consecutive days) are poorly understood. After tracheostomy placement, ventilator liberation typically involves daily reductions in ventilator support as patients regain the capacity to breathe independently.

Objectives
To determine the association between ventilator requirements on the day after tracheostomy placement and subsequent weaning duration.

Methods
Retrospective review of medical records of adults with tracheostomies treated at an academic medical center from 2011 to 2015. A new ventilator independence score based on ventilator settings on the day after tracheostomy was developed. Scores range from 0% to 100%; higher scores reflect greater levels of unassisted breathing for a greater proportion of the day. A multi-variable competing-risk survival regression model was used to determine the association between the ventilator independence score and time from tracheostomy placement to ventilator liberation.

Results
Of 372 patients, 72% were liberated from mechanical ventilation. The ventilator independence score measured on the day after tracheostomy placement had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.65–0.76) for differentiating patients who were liberated within the next 14 days from those who were not. Median time from tracheostomy placement to ventilator liberation was 41 days for patients with a score of 0%, 20 days for scores between 0% and 50%, 15 days for scores between 50% and 75%, and 10 days for scores between 75% and 100%.

Conclusions
A score derived from ventilator settings may help clinicians predict the timing of ventilator liberation in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation.
Long-Term Effects of Saline Instilled During Endotracheal Suction in Pediatric Intensive Care: A Randomized Trial
Authors: McKinley Dianne F. , Kinney Sharon B. , Copnell Beverley , Shann Frank 
Published: November 2018

Background
Saline instillation is still used to assist in removal of secretions from endotracheal tubes in some pediatric intensive care units.

Objective
To compare the effect of using either no saline, quarter-normal (0.225%) saline, or normal (0.9%) saline during endotracheal suctioning of children receiving ventilatory support in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Method
An unblinded, randomized trial with 3 treatment groups was conducted with 427 children who received ventilatory support for at least 12 hours. Children were randomly assigned to receive no saline, 0.225% saline, or 0.9% saline during routine endotracheal suctioning.

Results
The primary outcome was the number of hours of invasive mechanical ventilation; oxygen therapy and length of stay in the unit were secondary outcomes. There were 138 children randomly assigned to the no-saline group, 141 to the 0.225% saline group, and 148 to the 0.9% saline group. In Kaplan-Meier intention-to-treat analysis, the median (interquartile range) number of hours of invasive mechanical ventilation was 32 (20–68), 43 (21–86), and 40 (20–87) in the no-saline, 0.225% saline, and 0.9% saline groups, respectively. Although the no-saline group received fewer hours of invasive ventilation, oxygen therapy, and intensive care than the other groups combined, the differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Using no saline was at least as effective as using either 0.225% or 0.9% saline in endotracheal suctioning. The optimal policy may be to routinely use no saline with endotracheal suctioning in children but allow the occasional use of 0.9% saline when secretions are thick.
Part 1: A review of using photovoice as a disability research method: Implications for eliciting the experiences of persons with disabilities on the Community Based Rehabilitation programme in Namibia
Authors: Shumba Tonderai W. , Moodley Indres 
Published: November 2018

Background: Although the Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) programme in Namibia was formally adopted in 1997, the effectiveness of the programme, including the experiences of persons with disabilities on the programme, has not been assessed to date.Objectives: To explore the need for a qualitative evaluation tool for the CBR programme that can elicit the experiences of persons with disabilities.Methods: A scoping review was conducted on the use of photovoice as a disability research method and its potential use in eliciting the experiences of persons with disabilities participating in the CBR programme. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on electronic databases as a part of the scoping review.Results: Twenty-one studies were selected for review. Six studies followed the exact steps of the traditional photovoice process, and the remaining 15 studies modified the process. Seventeen studies used photovoice as the only research method, 3 combined photovoice with a qualitative method and only one study combined photovoice with a quantitative method. Seven studies had a sample size ranging from 6 to 10 participants as suggested by the traditional photovoice process. The duration of the studies ranged from 2 weeks to 2 years. Thirteen studies investigated life experiences of persons with various disabilities and 17 studies suggested that the photovoice process increases empowerment.Conclusion: Photovoice is a versatile research method and has the potential to be utilised in effectively eliciting the experiences of persons with disabilities on the CBR programme in Namibia.