bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and trajectories of depressive symptoms among mothers of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy: A longitudinal 10‐year study
Authors: Puka Klajdi , Ferro Mark A. , Anderson Kelly K. , Speechley Kathy N. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectiveParental depression significantly impacts children’s health and well‐being. This study aimed to (1) estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, at six time points, among mothers over the first 10 years after their child was diagnosed with epilepsy; (2) identify trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms over time; and (3) identify baseline factors associated with each trajectory.MethodsData came from the Health‐Related Quality of Life in Children with Epilepsy Study (HERQULES), a Canada‐wide prospective cohort study. Data on child, parent, and family characteristics were collected at the time of diagnosis, and follow‐ups at 0.5, 1, 2, 8, and 10 years. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Trajectories of depressive symptoms were evaluated using latent class growth modeling, and multinomial logistic regression was used to identify baseline factors associated with each trajectory.ResultsA total of 356 mothers participated in the study, of whom 57% scored in the at‐risk range for major depression disorder (period‐prevalence). Four unique trajectories were identified as follows: “Low‐Stable” (29% of mothers), “Intermediate‐Stable” (46%), “High‐Stable” (20%), and “High‐Decreasing” (5%). Positive family environment was consistently associated with a better trajectory of depressive symptoms over time; other significant factors included type of seizures, child cognitive comorbidity, maternal age, and maternal education.SignificanceA substantial proportion of mothers of children with epilepsy are at risk for depression, and this risk is stable over the long term. Family environment at the time of diagnosis has long‐term and persistent effects and may be an ideal target for interventions.
Transitioning to practice in long‐term care: New graduate nurses’ experience of an accelerated transition to nurse leader
Authors: Whitmore Carly , Kaasalainen Sharon , Ploeg Jenny , Baxter Pamela 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo describe the transition to practice experience of new graduate nurses in long‐term care.BackgroundNursing is facing increasing pressures related to outpaced demands and a greater acuity of patients accessing services. Hiring new graduate nurses into long‐term care (LTC) is a strategy to counteract these pressures, however, little is known about the transition experience of new graduate Registered and Licensed Practical Nurses in this setting.DesignA qualitative, explanatory case‐study design explored the transition to practice experience of seven new graduate nurses and the observations of two LTC directors from two homes. The study focused on the self‐described transition to practice experience and those contextual factors present in LTC that influenced this experience.MethodsThematic analysis of semi‐structured interview transcripts and key document review were completed in 2017.ResultsResults of this study introduced contextual factors that must be considered in LTC as each influences the transition to practice experienced by new graduate nurses. These factors included five processes that resulted in an accelerated transition to practice experience: (a) struggling to meet expectations; (b) practicing in isolation; (c) relying on others; (d) developing skill and confidence despite challenges; and (e) recognizing complexity and value in LTC practice.ConclusionThe findings from this study refute universally applied transition to practice theory and contribute new understanding of the experience of the new graduate nurses in LTC settings. This study reinforces the need for greater support for nursing graduates in LTC settings.
Dynamics ofCaligus rogercresseyi(Boxshall & Bravo, 2000) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in southern Chile: Are we controlling sea lice?
Authors: Mancilla‐Schulz Jorge , Marín Sandra L. , Molinet Carlos 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCaligus rogercresseyigenerates the greatest losses in the salmon industry in Chile. The relationship between salmon farming and sea lice is made up of various components: the parasite, host, environment and farming practices, which make it difficult to identify patterns in parasite population dynamics to define prevention and control strategies. The objectives of this study were to analyse and compare the effect of farming, sanitary practices and environmental variables on the abundance of gravid females (GF) and juveniles (JUV) ofC. rogercresseyionSalmo salarin three Salmon Neighborhood Areas (SNAs) in Region 10, south of Chile. Linear mixed‐effects models of the negative binomial distribution were used to evaluate the effect of the different explanatory variables on GF and JUV. Productive variables were the key drivers explaining the abundance of GF and JUV. Results suggest thatC. rogercresseyiis not controlled and JUV are persistent in the three SNAs, and sanitary practices do not control the dissemination of the parasite among sites. Environmental variables had a low impact on sea lice abundance. There is a need to perform analysis for modelling of parasite population dynamics to improve Integrated Pest Management, including changes in the governance to achieve an effective prevention and control.
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a novel frontier in epileptogenesis: from pathogenesis to therapeutic approaches
Authors: Paudel Yam Nath , Semple Bridgette D. , Jones Nigel C. , Othman Iekhsan , Shaikh Mohd. Farooq 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEpilepsy is a serious neurological condition exhibiting complex pathology and deserving of more serious attention. More than 30% of people with epilepsy are not responsive to more than 20 anti‐epileptic drugs currently available, reflecting an unmet clinical need for novel therapeutic strategies. Not much is known about the pathogenesis of epilepsy, but evidence indicates that neuroinflammation might contribute to the onset and progression of epilepsy following acquired brain insults. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathophysiological processes are yet to be fully understood. The emerging research suggests that high‐mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), a DNA‐binding protein that is both actively secreted by inflammatory cells and released by necrotic cells, might contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. HMGB1 as an initiator and amplifier of neuroinflammation, and its activation is implicated in the propagation of seizures in animal models. The current review will highlight the potential role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, and implications of HMGB1‐targeted therapies against epilepsy. HMGB1 in this context is an emerging concept deserving further exploration. Increased understanding of HMGB1 in seizures and epilepsy will pave the way in designing novel and innovative therapeutic strategies that could modify the disease course or prevent its development.
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Neuroserpin expression during human brain development and in adult brain revealed by immunohistochemistry and single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Adorjan Istvan , Tyler Teadora , Bhaduri Aparna , Demharter Samuel , Finszter Cintia Klaudia , Bako Maria , Sebok Oliver Marcell , Nowakowski Tomasz J. , Khodosevich Konstantin , Møllgård Kjeld , Kriegstein Arnold R. , Shi Lei , Hoerder‐Suabedissen Anna , Ansorge Olaf , Molnár Zoltán 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNeuroserpin is a serine‐protease inhibitor mainly expressed in the CNS and involved in the inhibition of the proteolytic cascade. Animal models confirmed its neuroprotective role in perinatal hypoxia‐ischaemia and adult stroke. Although neuroserpin may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of the aforementioned conditions, there is still no information in the literature on its distribution during human brain development. The present study provides a detailed description of the changing spatiotemporal patterns of neuroserpin focusing on physiological human brain development. Five stages were distinguished within our examined age range which spanned from the 7th gestational week until adulthood. In particular, subplate and deep cortical plate neurons were identified as the main sources of neuroserpin production between the 25th gestational week and the first postnatal month. Our immunohistochemical findings were substantiated by single cell RNA sequencing data showing specific neuronal and glial cell types expressing neuroserpin. The characterization of neuroserpin expression during physiological human brain development is essential for forthcoming studies which will explore its involvement in pathological conditions, such as perinatal hypoxia‐ischaemia and adult stroke in human.
Nebulised hypertonic saline in children with bronchiolitis admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit: A retrospective study
Authors: Stobbelaar Kim , Kool Mirjam , de Kruijf Damaris , Van Hoorenbeeck Kim , Jorens Philippe , De Dooy Jozef , Verhulst Stijn 
Published: January 2019

AimBronchiolitis is one of the most common lower respiratory tract infections in young children, associated with significant morbidity, but limited therapeutic options. Nebulised hypertonic saline (HS) has been a supportive treatment until current guidelines advised against its routine use. Accordingly, the University Hospital of Antwerp recently changed their policies to stop using it, allowing us to evaluate retrospectively if HS influences the duration of respiratory support. Because, to our knowledge, the effect of HS on children with severe bronchiolitis admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) has not been studied yet, we aimed to investigate the effect in this specific patient group.MethodsRetrospective study including children up to the age of 2, admitted to the PICU with bronchiolitis from October 2013 until March 2016. The primary end point is the duration of respiratory support, including high flow nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure and invasive ventilation.ResultsA total of 104 children admitted to the PICU with bronchiolitis were included, with an average age of 3.4 months. In respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) positive patients, the use of nebulised HS was correlated with a decrease in the duration of respiratory support and the length of stay by factors 0.72 (P = 0.01) and 0.81 (P = 0.04), respectively.ConclusionsA significant correlation was found between the use of HS and a decreased duration of respiratory support and admission in the PICU in patients with RSV bronchiolitis. This finding may warrant new prospective studies investigating HS specifically in children with severe bronchiolitis.
Estimation of geodesic tortuosity and constrictivity in stationary random closed sets
Authors: Neumann Matthias , Hirsch Christian , Staněk Jakub , Beneš Viktor , Schmidt Volker 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe investigate the problem of estimating geodesic tortuosity and constrictivity as two structural characteristics of stationary random closed sets. They are of central importance for the analysis of effective transport properties in porous or composite materials. Loosely speaking, geodesic tortuosity measures the windedness of paths, whereas the notion of constrictivity captures the appearance of bottlenecks resulting from narrow passages within a given materials phase. We first provide mathematically precise definitions of these quantities and introduce appropriate estimators. Then, we show strong consistency of these estimators for unboundedly growing sampling windows. In order to apply our estimators to real data sets, the extent of edge effects needs to be controlled. This is illustrated using a model for a multiphase material that is incorporated in solid oxide fuel cells.
Low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and impaired bone health: A survey of elite para athletes
Authors: Brook Emily M. , Tenforde Adam S. , Broad Elizabeth M. , Matzkin Elizabeth G. , Yang Heidi Y. , Collins Jamie E. , Blauwet Cheri A. 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionThe Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is a syndrome describing three interrelated conditions: low energy availability (LEA), menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density (BMD). Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED‐S) expands the Triad to include multiple physiologic consequences of LEA in both sexes. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of factors associated with the Triad/RED‐S in an elite para athlete population.MethodsAthletes were U.S. elite para athletes training to qualify for the 2016 or the 2018 Paralympic Games. Participants completed an online questionnaire characterizing nutrition, menstrual status (in females), bone health, and awareness of the Triad/RED‐S.ResultsThe athletes were 260 elite para athletes (150 male, 110 female). While few reported prior eating disorder (3.1%), 32.4% had elevated Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) pathologic behavior subscale scores. Most athletes (95 male, 65 female) were attempting to change their body composition or weight to improve performance. Forty‐four percent of premenopausal females had oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea. Bone stress injury was reported in 9.2% of athletes; of these, 54.5% (n = 12) had low BMD. Less than 10% of athletes reported awareness of the Triad/RED‐S.ConclusionsFactors associated with the Triad/RED‐S are present in an elite para athlete population, regardless of sex or sport type. Awareness of the Triad/RED‐S in para athletes is low. The consequences of LEA in para athlete populations are poorly understood. However, the high prevalence of factors observed suggests value in advancing screening tools and education efforts to optimize health in this population.
Novel first‐year curriculum in high‐value care
Authors: Steele Christopher , Cayea Danelle , Berk Justin , Riddell Rebecca , Kumra Tina , McGuire Maura , Pahwa Amit K 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundMost medical schools teach a high‐value care (HVC) curriculum during the clinical years. Currently, there lacks any research demonstrating the effectiveness of the HVC curriculum taught to students in their first year of medical school.MethodsA total of 118 of 466 first‐year medical students at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine between 2013 and 2017 enrolled on an HVC course that provided the initial framework necessary to practice cost‐conscious clinical medicine. The curriculum was evaluated by comparing the performance of students who completed the course with the performance of students without training, through a standardised patient encounter on musculoskeletal back pain and how to approach a patient's request for imaging. Chi‐square testing was used to assess the impact of the course on performance in a standardised patient encounter.ResultsStudents enrolled on the HVC course were more likely, compared with their counterparts, to assure patients that back pain was a simple strain (48 versus 31%), and were less likely to ask for preceptor help on how to proceed with management (11 versus 29%) [χ2(4, n = 466) = 14.28, p = 0.007]. There were no differences between students enrolled on the HVC course who had not yet received training compared with students taking another elective [χ2(4, n = 385) = 8.73, p = 0.07].DiscussionThis is the first study to assess the effectiveness of an HVC curriculum for first‐year medical students, and it demonstrates promise that they can acquire some skill sets necessary for cost‐effective practice in a simulated clinical setting.This is the first study to assess the effectiveness of an HVC curriculum for first‐year medical students, and it demonstrates promise that they can acquire some skill sets necessary for cost‐effective practice
Pilot study using five methods to evaluate skin barrier function in healthy dogs and in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Cobiella Danielle , Archer Linda , Bohannon Mary , Santoro Domenico 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundAtopic dermatitis is associated with skin barrier defects. In people, noninvasive techniques are used to quantify the skin barrier functionality. In dogs, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration and pH have been used to assess skin barrier function. However, few studies have determined their repeatability.ObjectiveTo assess the repeatability of measurements of skin hydration, TEWL, pH, skin absorbance and erythema in healthy and atopic dogs.AnimalsFifteen healthy and 15 atopic privately owned dogs.Methods and materialsThree repeated measurements using Corneometer®, Skin‐pH‐Meter®, Colorimeter® and VapoMeter® were obtained from inguinal, axilla, pinna and interdigital space by three investigators. Intra‐ and interobserver variability (coefficient of variation, correlation coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients) and difference between the two groups (t‐test or Mann–Whitney U‐test) were determined.ResultsHigh repeatability and low variation were observed both intra‐ and interobservers for all devices except the VapoMeter®. The most repeatable device was the Skin‐pH‐Meter®, whereas the VapoMeter® was the device with the highest intra‐ and interobserver variability. Atopic dogs had a significantly increased pH (inguinal P = 0.03; axilla P = 0.02) and erythema (inguinal P = 0.01; axilla P = 0.02) compared to healthy dogs. No differences between the two groups were detected using the Corneometer®, VapoMeter® or Colorimeter® (tartrazine absorption).Conclusion and clinical significanceThe results of this pilot study support the use of Corneometer®, Skin‐pH‐Meter® and Colorimeter® in the assessment of skin barrier function in dogs; further investigations to optimize measurements and confirm these results are needed.
An Assessment of Health Hazards in Valves for Gaseous Oxygen Service: Sources and Preventive Measures
Authors: Kumar Anil , Sheikh Younus 
Published: January 2019

Oxygen content in air is approximately 21% by volume. With many industrial uses, mainly in the manufacture of steel and chemicals, for metal cutting, welding ,hardening & scarfing, it is being transported as a non-liquefied gas at pressures of 138 bar (13800000 Pa) or above, also as a cryogenic fluid at pressures and temperatures below 13.8bar (1380000 Pa) & −146.5°C (126.65K). Commonly we found air separation plants produce ultra-pure oxygen (> 99.9% purity) via liquefaction of atmospheric air and separation of the oxygen by fractionation and thereby transported to the needy areas via pipelines.
The research efforts directed towards technical assessment to establish the correlations between valve construction and turbulence and solving the complications in the transported ultra-pure oxygen gas in the pipelines and through mounted valves. Hence, it is necessary to study the performance, complexities and fire hazards associated with the valves transporting it and the preventive measures to avoid any catastrophic failure in ultra-pure gaseous oxygen services. The study was conducted on two isolation valves — each of ball and globe of relative size. It was realized that velocities of the ultrapure gaseous oxygen on the impingement sites inside the valve are beyond the safe limit as recommended by European Industrial Gas Association (EIGA) [4] and various other prominent industrial gas manufacturers. Moreover, globe valve gave relatively less turbulence and velocity at initial opening of the valve. The study revealed that majority of health hazards & accidents on industrial usage of ultra-pure gaseous oxygen media are the result of the inadequate awareness of the degreasing or cleaning and optimum material selection and construction of the valve and fittings on the industrial pipeline.
Taxonomy for Secure CyberManufacturing Systems
Authors: Wu Mingtao , Moon Young B. 
Published: January 2019

CyberManufacturing System (CMS) is a vision for manufacturing systems where physical machinery and processes are fully and seamlessly integrated with computational resources. However, this very ubiquitous connectivity opens unintended new doors for cyber-attacks into CMS. This type of attack begins in a digital format, intrudes through computer networks, and ultimately causes physical damages.
Despite the criticality of the CMS security, research on the subject is in its infancy. New types of cyber-physical attack are emerging but not well understood. In order to gain new insights into the problems and to assist much needed research, a taxonomy — as a common language for the interdisciplinary work — was developed and is presented in this paper. The taxonomy is defined in six dimensions: (i) human, (ii) product, (iii) equipment, (iv) intellectual property, (v) environment, and (vi) operation. For each dimension, attacks are decomposed further in terms of attack targets, sub-targets and attack methods. Examples of using the taxonomy are presented.
Influence of Selective Laser Heat Treatment Pattern Position on Geometrical Variation
Authors: Sagar Vaishak Ramesh , Wärmefjord Kristina , Söderberg Rikard 
Published: January 2019

Selective laser heat treatment allows local modification of material properties and can have wide range of applications within the automotive industry. Enhanced formability and strength are possible to achieve. As the process involves selective heating, positioning of the heat treatment pattern in local areas is vital. Pattern positioning is often suggested based on the part design and forming aspects of the material to avoid failures during manufacturing. Along with improving material properties in desired local areas, the process also produces unwanted distortion in the material. Such effects on variation should be considered and minimized.
In this paper, heat treatment pattern is offset from its original position and its effect on geometrical variation is investigated. Boron steel blanks are selectively laser heat treated with a specific heat treatment pattern and then stamped to desired shape. Two heat treatment pattern dimensions are examined. Variation at blank level and after stamping, and springback after stamping is observed. Results show that pattern offsetting leads to higher geometrical variation. Therefore, correct positioning of heat treatment pattern is important to minimize its effect on geometrical variation along with enhancing the material properties. Knowledge from this study will contribute to various stages of the geometrical assurance process.
Friction Stir Back Extrusion: Preliminary Investigations on Through-Wall Characteristics for Al-1100-O
Authors: Menard Austin , Gallardo Clarissa , Emblom William J. , Wagner Scott W. , Olayinka Ayotunde , Loehn Clayton , Seguin Daniel , Wahab Muhammad A. 
Published: January 2019

Friction stir back extrusion has recently been identified as a method for manufacturing stronger, more ductile seamless tubes. However, most of the work to date has investigated tubes with low length to diameter ratios and there has been little work investigating the change in grain through the thickness of the tube wall. The current project presents preliminary results in an investigation of the effect of the stirring process on developing ultrafine grain through the tube wall. The long term goal of the project is to miniaturize the process in order to produce highly ductile microscale tubes for biomedical applicaions, microscale heat exchangers, and fuel cell manufacturing applications.
Friction stir back extrusion is a variation of friction stir processing and friction stir welding in that the end of a non-cutting tool rotates against a metal work piece, heats the work piece, and creates an ultrafine grain structure. The work described here considers tool speed and diameters when forming tubes from A1100-O aluminum work pieces. It was found that for rotations varying from 750 RPM to 2000 RPM that the maximum stir zone was approximately 250 μm at the bottom of the tube and approximately 50 μm in the walls. The outside diameter of the tubes was 12.5 mm and inside diameters of 6.35 mm and 9.3mm were produced.