bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (osteopenia) in rural and remote Queensland
Authors: Macgregor Campbell Bruce , Meerkin Jarrod D. , Alley Stephanie Jade , Vandelanotte Corneel , Reaburn Peter John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo report that prevalence rates of osteoporosis and osteopenia differ according to different levels of remoteness in Queensland, Australia.DesignRetrospective analysis of bone mineral density scans undertaken between April 2015 and April 2016.SettingMobile laboratory housing a dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry in rural and remote Queensland.ParticipantsFour‐thousand‐four‐hundred‐and‐twenty‐seven referred individuals 70 years of age or older.Main outcome measuresBone mineral density (g cm−2) at two sites was used to measure the level of bone health as per the World Health Organization criteria for osteoporosis.ResultsA slightly higher percentage of women was screened and the percentage screened in both men and women decreased as levels of remoteness increased. Women in outer regional areas had significantly higher odds of having osteopenia over normal bone mineral density, compared to women in an urban setting.ConclusionAs the level of remoteness increased, there was a decrease in the percentage of men and women being screened to determine their risk of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the current data suggest that women in more remote areas have significantly lower bone density, compared to an urban female population. Finally, men and women have similar levels of osteopenia across Queensland, Australia.
A reduction in compliance or activation level reduces residual force depression in human tibialis anterior
Authors: Raiteri Brent J. , Hahn Daniel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimWe investigated if residual force depression (rFD) is present during voluntary fixed‐end contractions of human tibialis anterior (TA) and whether reducing TA's activation level after active shortening could reduce rFD.MethodsTen participants performed fixed‐end dorsiflexion contractions to a low, moderate or high level while electromyography (EMG), dorsiflexion force and TA ultrasound images were recorded. Contractions were force‐ or EMG‐matched and after the low or high contraction level was attained, participants respectively increased or decreased their force/EMG to a moderate level. Participants also performed moderate level contractions while the TA muscle‐tendon unit (MTU) was lengthened during the force/EMG rise to the reference MTU length.ResultsEquivalent fascicle shortening over moderate and low to moderate level contractions did not alter EMG (P = 0.45) or dorsiflexion force (P = 0.47) at the moderate level. Greater initial fascicle shortening magnitudes (1.7 mm; P ≤ 0.01) to the high contraction level did not alter EMG (P = 0.45) or dorsiflexion force (P = 0.30) at the subsequent moderate level compared with moderate level contractions. TA MTU lengthening during the initial force/EMG rise reduced TA fascicle shortening (−2.5 mm; P ≤ 0.01), which reduced EMG (−3.9% MVC; P < 0.01) and increased dorsiflexion force (3.7% MVC; P < 0.01) at the moderate level compared with fixed‐end moderate level contractions.ConclusionrFD is present during fixed‐end dorsiflexion contractions because fascicles actively shorten as force/EMG increases and rFD can be reduced by reducing the effective MTU compliance. A reduction in muscle activation level also reduces rFD by potentially triggering residual force enhancement‐related mechanisms as force drops and some fascicles actively lengthen.
Inhibitory effects of cycloastragenol on abdominal aortic aneurysm and its related mechanisms
Authors: Wang Yunxia , Chen Cong , Wang Qinyu , Cao Yini , Xu Lu , Qi Rong 
Published: October 2018

Background and PurposeAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative disease affecting human health, but there are no safe and effective medications for AAA therapy. Cycloastragenol (CAG), derived from Astragali Radix, has various pharmacological effects. However, whether CAG can protect against AAA remains elusive. In this study, we investigated whether CAG has an inhibitory effect on AAA and its related mechanism.Experimental ApproachThe AAA mouse model was induced by incubating the abdominal aorta with elastase. CAG was administered by gavage at different doses beginning on the same day or 14 days after inducing AAA to explore its preventive or therapeutic effects respectively. The preventive effects of CAG on AAA were verified in another AAA mouse model induced by angiotensin II in ApoE−/− mouse. In vitro experiments were implemented on rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by TNF‐α.Key ResultsCompared to the control AAA model group, CAG (125 mg·kg−1 body weight day−1) reduced the incidence of AAA, the dilatation of aorta and elastin degradation in media in both mouse models of AAA. CAG suppressed the inflammation, oxidation, phenotype switch and apoptosis in TNF‐α‐stimulated VSMCs, ameliorated the expression and activity of MMPs and decreased the activation of the ERK/JNK signalling pathway. CAG also inhibited the degradation of elastin in TNF‐α‐stimulated VSMCs.Conclusion and ImplicationsCAG presents protective effects against AAA through down‐regulation of the MAPK signalling pathways and thus attenuates inflammation, oxidation, VSMC phenotype switch and apoptosis and the expression of MMPs as well as increasing elastin biosynthesis.
Primary breast diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in the rituximab era: Therapeutic strategies and patterns of failure
Authors: Hu Shaoxuan , Song Yuqin , Sun Xiuhua , Su Liping , Zhang Wei , Jia Jing , Bai Ou , Yang Sheng , Liang Rong , Li Xiaoling , Zhang Huilai , Gao Yuhuan , Zhang Weijing , Xiao Xiubin , Bao Huizheng , Wang Ningju , Ren Hanyun , Cen Xinan , Yang Shun'e , Zhao Yu , Wang Yinan , Wang Yalan , Liu Aichun , Wang Jingwen , Shi Yuankai , Yuan Ming , Li Yufu , He Xiaohui 
Published: October 2018

Primary breast diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (PB‐DLBCL) is a rare subtype of DLBCL with limited data on patterns of failure. This multicenter study aimed to define the optimum treatment strategy and patterns of failure for PB‐DLBCL patients. We retrospectively reviewed data on 108 PB‐DLBCL patients from 21 Chinese medical centers. Only patients with localized disease (involvement of breast and localized lymph nodes) were included. After a median follow‐up of 3.2 years, 32% of patients developed progression or relapse. A continuous pattern of relapse was observed, characterized by frequent late relapses in the contralateral breast and central nervous system (CNS). Although rituximab significantly reduced the overall cumulative risk of progression or relapse (5‐year cumulative risk 57% vs 24%, P = .029), it had limited effect on the reduction of breast relapse (P = .46). Consolidative radiotherapy significantly decreased the risk of breast relapse, even in the subgroup of patients treated with rituximab (5‐year cumulative risk 21.2% vs 0%, P = .012). A continuous risk of CNS progression or relapse up to 8.2 years from diagnosis was observed (10‐year cumulative risk 28.3%), with a median time to CNS relapse of 3.1 years. Neither rituximab nor prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy significantly decreased the risk of CNS relapse. In summary, our study indicates that PB‐DLBCL has a continuous pattern of relapse, especially with frequent late relapses in the CNS and contralateral breast. Rituximab and RT confer complementary benefit in the reduction of relapse. However, neither the addition of rituximab nor prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy could effectively prevent CNS relapse for PB‐DLBCL patients.
Can subunit‐specific phenotypes guide surveillance imaging decisions in asymptomatic SDH mutation carriers?
Authors: Tufton Nicola , Sahdev Anju , Drake William M. , Akker Scott A. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveWith the discovery that familial phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma syndrome can be caused by mutations in each subunit of the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme (SDH), has come the recognition that mutations in the individual subunits have their own distinct natural histories. Increased genetic screening is leading to the identification of increasing numbers of, mostly asymptomatic, gene mutation carriers and the implementation of screening strategies for these individuals. Yet there is, to date, no international consensus regarding screening strategies for asymptomatic carriers.DesignA comprehensive PubMed search from 1/1/2000 to 28/2/2018 was undertaken using multiple search terms and subsequently a manual review of references in identified papers to identify all clinically relevant cases and cohorts. In this review, the accumulated, published experience of phenotype and malignancy risks of individual SDH subunits is analysed. Where possible screening results for asymptomatic SDH mutation carriers have been analysed separately to define the penetrance in asymptomatic carriers (asymptomatic penetrance).ResultsThe combined data confirms that “asymptomatic penetrance” is highest for SDHD and when there is penetrance, the most likely site to develop a PGL is head and neck (SDHD) and extra‐adrenal abdominal (SDHB). However, the risk in SDHB carriers of developing HNPGL is also high (35.5%) and a PCC is low (15.1%), and in SDHD carriers there is a high risk of developing a PCC (35.8%) or abdominal PGL (9.4%) and a small, but significant risk at other sympathetic sites. The data suggest that the risk of malignant transformation is the same for both PCC and extra‐adrenal abdominal PGLs (30%‐35%) in SDHB carriers. In SDHD carriers, the risk of malignant transformation was highest in HNPGLs (7.5%) and similar for sympathetic sites (3.8%‐5.2%).ConclusionsUsing this data, we suggest surveillance screening of asymptomatic carriers can be tailored to the underlying SDH subunit and review possible surveillance programmes.
Gaze and the Eye Pupil Adjust to Imagined Size and Distance
Authors: Sulutvedt Unni , Mannix Thea K. , Laeng Bruno 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPupillary responses and associated vergence eye movements were monitored during imagery of objects of differing sizes (“large” or “small”) from varying distances (“near” or “far”). Objects’ imagined size and distance affected oculomotor behavior. Objects visualized as “far” resulted in the larger pupil dilations and smaller visual angle, while small objects imagined “near” were associated with smaller pupils in contrast to relatively larger pupils when imagined as “far” away. Furthermore, near objects resulted in larger visual angle, and particularly, vergence adjustments were observed that were dependent on imagined size and distance of the small objects. The findings are consistent with the idea that imagery emulates perception, also at the embodied level of oculomotor behaviors.
Assessment of perioperative surgical complications in pediatric kidney transplantation: A comparison of pre‐emptive and post‐dialysis recipients
Authors: Kim Jin K. , Lorenzo Armando J. , Farhat Walid A. , Chua Michael E. , Ming Jessica M. , Koyle Martin A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether there is a benefit to pre‐emptive kidney transplantation in reducing surgical complications in pediatric population.MethodsA retrospective review of kidney transplantations in our institution from 2000 to 2015 was performed. Intra‐ and postoperative complication rates and one‐year graft survival were compared in their respective donor type groups (pre‐emptive DD vs post‐dialysis DD; pre‐emptive LD vs post‐dialysis LD).ResultsA total of 318 patients were identified (pre‐emptive DD, n = 21; post‐dialysis DD, n = 145; pre‐emptive LD, n = 54; post‐dialysis LD, n = 98). Between the DD groups, post‐dialysis DD group was more likely to be female (P = 0.017). There was no difference in rates of intraoperative complications or graft loss (P = 0.365 and 1.000, respectively). Post‐dialysis DD groups were more likely to have postoperative complications (9.5% vs 35.1%, P = 0.023), but no difference in complications with Clavien‐Dindo grade 3 or higher was found (P = 0.130). Between the LD groups, post‐dialysis LD group was more likely to be females (P = 0.017) and with intrinsic renal (non‐urological/structural) ESRD etiology (P = 0.003). There was no difference in rates of intra‐and postoperative complications or graft loss (P = 0.353, P = 0.605, and P = 0.616, respectively).ConclusionsOverall, there are similar perioperative complication rates between pediatric pre‐emptive and post–dialysis kidney transplant recipients.
Do culture, sentiment, and cognitive dissonance explain the ‘above suspicion’ anomalies?
Authors: Altanlar Ali , Guo Jiaqi , Holmes Phil 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe investigate how cognitive dissonance arising from interactions between sentiment and culture affects momentum and post‐earnings‐announcement‐drift (PEAD). We focus on differing views relating to change between western and East Asian cultures. Building on Hong and Stein's heterogeneous trader model and recognizing westerners’ (easterners’) belief in continuation (reversal), we propose cognitive dissonance arises in different circumstances and to differing degrees in the two cultures, resulting in it being a key driver of the anomalies. Results support our hypotheses, suggesting sentiment and culture interact to impact cognitive dissonance, explaining differences in the anomalies across countries evident in prior literature.
Minimum common string partition: on solving large‐scale problem instances
Authors: Blum Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMinimum common string partition is an NP‐hard combinatorial optimization problem from the bioinformatics field. The current state‐of‐the‐art algorithm is a hybrid technique known as construct, merge, solve, and adapt (CMSA). This algorithm combines two main algorithmic components: generating solutions in a probabilistic way and solving reduced subinstances obtained from the tackled problem instances, if possible, to optimality. However, the CMSA algorithm was not intended for application to very large problem instances. Therefore, in this paper we present a technique that makes CMSA, and other available algorithms for this problem, applicable to problem instances that are about one order of magnitude larger than the largest problem instances considered so far. Moreover, a reduced variable neighborhood search (RVNS) for solving the tackled problem, based on integer programming, is introduced. The experimental results show that the modified CMSA algorithm is very strong for problem instances based on rather small alphabets. With growing alphabet size, it turns out that RVNS has a growing advantage over CMSA.
Resilience for health—an emergent property of the “health systems as a whole”
Authors: Sturmberg Joachim P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractResilience has become a popular term, and its meaning varies widely depending on the context of its use. Its Latin origin, resilire, means “bouncing back”—should bouncing back be understood literally or rather metaphorically in the context of health, illness, dis‐ease, and disease? This essay examines ecological, physiological, personal, and health system perspectives inherent in the concept of resilience. It emerges that regardless of the level of aggregation, resilience is a systems property—it is as much a property of each of the subsystems of network physiology, the person, and the health care delivery system as it is a property of the health system as a whole. Given the interdependencies between people, their internal and external environments, and the health service system, strengthening resilience, ie, the ability to positively adapt to challenges and changing circumstances, will require a broad‐based public discourse: “How can we strengthen resilience and health for the benefit of people and society at large”.
Comparison of radiopacity of current restorative CAD/CAM blocks with digital radiography
Authors: Atala Mustafa H. , Atala Nagehan , Yeğin Elif , Bayrak Seval 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveWhile the radiopacity of restorative material affects the radiographic diagnosis of the teeth, there is no data about the radiopacity of current restorative computer‐aided design (CAD)/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) materials. Therefore, the present study compared the radiopacity values of current restorative CAD/CAM blocks to facilitate the material choice within such a wide variety of materials.Materials and MethodsSpecimens were prepared from 13 different restorative CAD/CAM blocks to compare with enamel and dentin. The specimens placed on the occlusal phosphor plate were imaged with aluminum step wedge and tooth section. The radiopacity values were calculated using the Image J program. The radiopacity values of the specimens were converted to mmAl values with the Curve Expert 1.4 program.ResultsThe difference between the radiopacity values of dentin and e.max CAD was not significant, however, they exhibited a significant difference from the other 14 groups (P < .05). Enamel and Obsidien, Suprinity, and Celtra Duo had greater radiopacity values with significant differences from the other 12 materials whereas the difference within these groups was not significant (P > .05).ConclusionsThe evaluated restorative CAD/CAM materials have significantly different radiopacity values. Among these permanent restoration blocks, the highest radiopacity value was observed in Celtra Duo, the lowest in Block HC.Clinical SignificanceCerasmart, Lava Ultimate, Obsidian, Vita Suprinity, Celtra Duo Blocks have adequate radiopacity for inlay, onlay and crown restorations, however, the use of Vita Enamic, Vita Mark II, GC LRF blocks and the others which have lower radiopacity value than dentin for the same kind of restorations depend on the radiopacity of the luting cement for the purpose of recurrent caries detection.
Intralesional pentoxifylline injection in localized alopecia areata
Authors: El‐Taweel Abdel‐Aziz Ibrahim , Akl Essam Mohamed 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is a common non‐scarring autoimmune disease that affects hair‐bearing areas. A variety of therapeutic options has been used for treating this disease such as corticosteroids, minoxidil, methotrexate, cyclosporine, and azathioprine. Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TRA) injection is considered the first‐line treatment in localized alopecia areata involving <50% of the scalp; however, intralesional steroid injections are associated with a variety of side effects.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pentoxifylline (PTX) vs triamcinolone acetonide intralesional in localized AA.Patients and methodsThe sample included 75 patients (47 males and 28 females) aged 18‐55 years, diagnosed as localized alopecia areata. The patients were treated by intralesional injection every three weeks up to five sessions. The patients were classified into three groups according to the used therapeutic modality. Group A: 25 patients treated by intralesional injection of TRA. Group B: 25 patients treated by combined intralesional injection of TRA and PTX injection. Group C: 25 patients treated by intralesional PTX injection.ResultsBoth PTX and TRA intralesional injections were effective in the treatment of AA, but there was a statistically significant difference regarding the response to treatment between the three study groups (P value = 0.01). The highest response was reported in combined drug usage (TRA & PTX) followed by PTX alone and then TRA alone (72.0%, 60.0%, and 32.0%, respectively).ConclusionPentoxifylline intralesional injection is effective, easy to perform with little side effects for the treatment of localized alopecia areata.
Let's talk about sex: A feminist poststructural approach to addressing sexual health in the healthcare setting
Authors: Ollivier Rachel , Aston Megan , Price Sheri 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the use of feminist poststructuralism (FPS) as a way to critique, understand and improve sexual health care and policy in healthcare settings.BackgroundSexual health is an important aspect of health; however, in healthcare settings, it often goes unaddressed by both healthcare providers and patients due to stigma, taboo, fear of embarrassment or uncertainty. Lack of attention to sexual health has been stated as a legitimate concern for patients across the lifespan; there remain gaps in implementing sexual health care discussions into practice in healthcare settings.DesignA critical analysis will be presented to explore sexual health care and attitudes in the healthcare setting from patient and nursing perspectives using FPS.MethodsFeminist poststructuralism is used to examine the meaning of experience that is personally, socially and institutionally constructed through relations of power. FPS will also be applied to understand how sexual health discourses are negotiated in healthcare settings. SQUIRE guidelines were used in the preparation of this paper (See Appendix S1).Relevance to clinical practiceThe application of a feminist poststructural lens to sexual health care in healthcare settings may be used by healthcare professionals to understand, question and challenge how social and institutional beliefs, values and practices surrounding sexual health, inclusive of a patient's sexual pleasure or sexual activity, are experienced by healthcare professionals and patients. This theoretical and methodological approach could lead to identifying possibilities for change in healthcare settings that are inclusive and supportive of sexual health care.
Male partners’ experiences of caregiving for women with cervical cancer—a qualitative study
Authors: Oldertrøen Solli Karianne , de Boer Marjolein , Nyheim Solbrække Kari , Thoresen Lisbeth 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to develop knowledge on the experiences of male partners of women with cervical cancer during and after the illness. We explore men's experiences of becoming caregivers as well as how the illness trajectory affects or has affected the relationship.BackgroundReceiving a cancer diagnosis has a significant impact on the lives of both the cancer patient and their family members. However, studies of male partners’ experiences with cancer patients are scarce. Additionally, cervical cancer and its impact on male caregivers are less explored than how other cancer diagnoses impact male caregivers. The theoretical concept of caring masculinities is helpful to interpret men's experiences as caregivers and partners.DesignThe study employs a qualitative design with semi‐structured interviews with six men/partners recruited through the gynaecological section at a hospital. COREQ reporting guidelines have been applied.FindingsBased on our analyses, we find that men's experiences of being caregivers and partners of women treated for cervical cancer are multifaceted, comprising emotional and practical aspects. However, three main findings stand out as particularly significant for men in the context of cervical cancer: loneliness, an altered sexual relationship and shared feelings of vulnerability.ConclusionsThe men describe an interdependence in the relationship with the women but also how the relationships have been seriously altered, particularly when it comes to sexuality. These findings resonate with hegemonic as well as caring masculinities.Relevance to practiceComplex issues of intimacy and sexuality should be a pivotal element in educating future healthcare professionals. We strongly suggest that issues such as dealing with masculinity and caregiving roles should be on the agenda and reflected upon in teaching and supervising in clinical practice. A broader approach to sexual health and relationships is needed in the patient–clinician relationships, including information about human papillomavirus.