bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio economic aspect of organic farming practices for improving farmer’s income in some locations of Kerala, India
Authors: Karunakaran N , Sadiq MS 
Published: October 2019

Agriculture is the major source of livelihood and is under the big threat of liberalization and modernization. Organic farming is eco-friendly, promotes sustainable development, protects the fertility of the soil and ensures long term crop income to the farmer. In 2018, total area under organic certification process is 3.56 million hectare and produced around 1.70 million MT of certified organic products. In Kerala, the total area under organic farming stands at 15790.49 hectare. Organic farmers fail to capture the market for selling their products and have less capacity in the competing world, leads to worse financial situation of farmers. The total volume of export during 2017-18 was 4.58 lakh MT. Fair trade has flourished as an initiative for lifting poor organic farmers by providing higher price, credit and improved community life. It is also a market for high value products in the global trade policies. Fair Trade Alliance Kerala (FTAK) is a small farmers’ organisation to access global market on fair trade in an equitable trading terms and improved income. The system provides better price to products compared to open market and benefited fair trade exporting. This paper by studying FTAK focused the impacts of it on income and highlights the increased production of organic crops, better prices, premium and schemes to farmers. The study revealed that fair trade farmers earned higher price (20 to 50 percent) for commodities and marketing of products to foreign countries without intermediaries and organic farming is a better option for increasing farmer’s income in India.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 401-408, September 2019
Morpho-anatomical appraisal of some pulse crops under salinity stress
Authors: Khan MAH , Mia MA Baset , Ahmed JU , Karim MA , Saikat MMH 
Published: October 2019

The experiment was conducted at the field and laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur during the period from December 2016 to March 2017 to find out the morpho-anatomical appraisal of some pulse crops of Fabaceae family under salinity stress. Seven pulse crops viz., Lentil var. BARI Masur-7, Mungbean var. BARI Mung- 6, Blackgram var. BARI Maskalai-1, Chickpea var. BARI Chola-9, Field pea var. BARI Motor-1, Grasspea var. BARI Khesari-3 and Cowpea var. BARI Felon-2; two levels of salinity 0 and 8 dSm-1were imposed as experimental treatments. It was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. The NaCl was directly mixed to the dry soil. The soil (6 kg pot-1) of each treatment was placed in plastic pots with drainage holes in the bottom. The results of the experiment revealed that, salt stress caused decrease in morphological attributes and also changed anatomical features. There was a significant variation in relative values (%) of plant height, root length (%) root dry matter (%) and shoot dry matter (%) of seven selected pulse crop varieties due to the salinity stress. The highest percentage of relative plant height (92), relative root length (98), relative root dry weight (89) and relative shoot dry weight (72.8) were observed in cowpea followed by grass pea and the lowest percentage of relative plant height (51), relative root length (56), relative root dry weight (54) and relative shoot dry weight (48) were observed in lentil. The stem anatomical features were found similar changes in xylem and phloem area. Among the pulse crop varieties, cowpea and grass pea were performed better whereas lentil and black gram were found more susceptible species than the others according to their morphological and anatomical attributes.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 439-451, September 2019
Intercroissances et inclusions dans les associations graftonite˗sarcopside˗triphylite
Authors: Fransolet André-Mathieu 
Published: October 2019

Des associations de graftonite, sarcopside et triphylite (parfois oxydée en hétérosite), provenant des pegmatites de la plaine des Zenaga (Anti-Atlas, Maroc) et de Marivolinatra (Madagascar), sont l'objet d'un examen pétrologique. Une description détaillée des relations structurales, accompagnées de la composition chimique des graftonites et des sarcopsides, précède une discussion du problème génétique de ces associations.
Les phénomènes d'exsolution sont confirmés dans le cas d'une paragenèse triphylite˗sarcopside. En ce qui concerne les relations entre graftonite˗sarcopside et graftonite˗triphylite, l'hypothèse d'une métasomatose ferreuse et lithique ferreuse, respectivement, est défendue et replacée dans le contexte pegmatitique.
Life cycle rituals in Sangam Literature
Authors: K Shanthi 
Published: October 2019

The rituals in human life during birth, death etc., are called ‘life cycle rituals’. Rituals are one among many life activities. Performing ceremonies on death anniversaries and rest the soul in heaven are common. Celebration on puberty is referred to as life cycle prosperity ritual. The physical maturity of a girl for motherhood is called puberty and the rituals are called puberty rituals or prosperity ritual. Though the rituals are common to the corresponding cultural communities, they differ from men and women. Particularly, this difference could be seen in Sangam literature. For a man one who dominates, mostly the rituals are based on his social activities such as war, agriculture, reign and for a woman, who concentrates on the family, the rituals are based on their genital body, that is, marriage, child birth, widowhood, etc., representing reproduction, or ban on reproduction,’- Raj Gowthaman points out. Rituals of men imbibe social value whereas that of women are associated with possessions. Most of the life cycle rituals are linked with the reproduction of women.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MATERI SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINIER DUA VARIABEL MELALUI MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD ) PADA SISWA KELAS VIII A SMP NEGERI I CUGENANG
Authors: Sunarya Cahya 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kinerja guru dan meningkatkan hasil belajar Matematika pada siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri I Cugenang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, subjek penelitian adalah guru mata pelajaran matematika SMP Negeri I Cugenang, data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumen. Analisis data melalui (1) mereduksi data (2) menyajikan data (3) menarik kesimpulan. keabshan data dilakukan dengan pemperpanjang waktu penelitian. Triangulasi data, dan member checking. Data dianalisis dengan model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (a) supervisi akademik meliputi perencanaan pembelajaran; (b) prinsip-prinsip supervisi akademik meliputi; praktis, objektif, kooperatif dan komprehensif. Model pembelajaran yang digunakan yaitu Cooperative Learning tipe STAD. model Cooperative Learning muncul dari konsep bahwa siswa akan lebih mudah menemukan dan memahami konsep yang sulit jika mereka saling berdiskusi dengan temanya. Siswa secara rutin bekerja dalam kelompok untuk saling membantu memecahkan masalah yang kompleks. Tipe STAD ini merupakan salah satu tipe dari model Cooperative Learning dengan mengunakan kelompok-kelompok kecil dengan jumlah anggota tiap kelompok 4-5 orang siswa secara hieterogin.Kata Kunci; Hasil Belajar, Matematika Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD)
Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Program Sistem Kelas Tuntas Berkelanjutan (SKTB) Di SMK Swasta Kab. Gowa
Authors: Ashadi Nini Rahayu 
Published: October 2019

Pelaksanaan SKTB pada SMK ditemukan permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan kesesuaiam pelaksanaan kebijakan yang belum terlaksana dengan baik yaitu (1) Masih adanya pemahaman yang bervariasi mengenai kebijakan ini pada guru. (2) Guru belum memahami rencana penyusunan pembelajaran (RPP) dan Modul belajar sebagai pedoman dalam menjalankan program SKTB. (2) Guru masih Kurang paham bentuk penilaian tindak lanjut pada program SKTB terhadap hasil belajar siswa yang tidak tuntas (3) Kurangnya sarana dan prasarana yang menunjang proses pembelajaran. Hal ini yang membuat peneliti ingin melakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran, tingkat pelaksanaan serta keberhasilan program meliputi kesesuaian pelaksanaan Program Sistem Kelas Tuntas Berkelanjutan di SMK Swasta Kab. Gowa. Dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kesesuaian pelaksanaan pembelajaran program SKTB Guru Produktif TKJ kelas XI di SMK Swasta Kab. Gowa. Berdasarkan Hasil penelitian komponen transaction (proses) dapat dilihat melalui data – data yang telah dideksripsikan sebelumnya. Adapun data- data tersebut adalah sebagai berikut yakni kesesuaian transaction (proses) 20% cukup sesuai dan 80% sesuai. Berdasarkan hasil proses analisis data dalam penelitian evaluasi ini, maka dapat disimpulkan bahawa kesesuaian pelaksanaan pembelajaran program SKTB guru produktif TKJ kelas XI di SMK Swasta Kabupaten Gowa terletak pada kriteria sesuai program SKTB.
VIOLÊNCIA ESCOLAR NO MUNICÍPIO DE APUCARANA: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DAS OCORRÊNCIAS ATENDIDAS PELA PATRULHA ESCOLAR COMUNITÁRIA.
Authors: SILVA Douglas Pereira 
Published: October 2019

Resumo: A questão norteadora do trabalho foi procurar compreender qual o papel da polícia no ambiente escolar, dentro da filosofia do policiamento comunitário. A hipótese fundamental alicerçou-se no fato que os eventos que ocorrem no ambiente escolar, principalmente na relação entre pessoas (professor-aluno, aluno-aluno, aluno-funcionário, etc.) são aqueles classificados pelos pesquisadores como microviolências ou incivilidades. Nesse aspecto, os eventos, vítimas e autores das principais ocorrências escolares foram identificados. Em seguida, foram selecionadas determinadas ocorrências policiais, como a lesão corporal, desacato, ameaça, vias de fato, injúria e, com o auxílio da teoria das ciências sociais, procurou-se identificar se o evento era da competência da polícia ou se poderia ser resolvido por outras formas. Com os resultados obtidos, procurou-se identificar um conjunto de recomendações necessárias à atuação da patrulha escolar comunitária. Palavras-Chave: Violência escolar; Município de Apucarana; Patrulha escolar comunitária; Funções. Summary: The guiding question of the work was to understand the role of the police, in the school environment, within the philosophy of community policing. The fundamental hypothesis was based on the fact that the events that occur in the school environment, especially in the relationship between people (teacher-student, student-student, student-employee, etc.) are those classified by researchers as microviolence or incivilities. In this aspect, the events, victims and authors of the main school events were identified. Next, certain police events were selected, such as bodily injury, contempt, threat, confusion, injury and, with the help of social science theory, we tried to identify If the event was within the competence of the police or if it could be resolved in other ways. With the results obtained, we tried to identify a set of recommendations necessary for the community school patrol. Key Words: School violence, City of Apucarana; Community; school patrol; Functions.
METODOLOGIA E ABORDAGEM DE CAMPO: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A UTILIZAÇÃO DA ETNOGRAFIA COMO INSTRUMENTO DE PESQUISA A PARTIR DA CONTRIBUIÇÃO TEÓRICA DE MAINARDES E MAGNANI
Authors: SZEREMETA Angélica 
Published: October 2019

Resumo: O presente artigo busca apresentar os principais passos metodológicos para a utilização da etnografia como instrumento de pesquisa em estudos que necessitam de observações de campo. Para isto, objetiva-se caracterizar a etnografia enquanto metodologia a partir de Malinowski (1976) e Geertz (2008), além de contribuições de Mainardes (2009). Para embasar teoricamente este estudo, também foram utilizadas explicações baseadas na argumentação de Magnani (2009), que ilustra o uso da etnografia a partir das pesquisas realizadas pelo Núcleo de Antropologia Urbana (NAU) da USP (Universidade de São Paulo). Dessa forma, este artigo contempla, a partir de levantamentos realizados em pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a temática, os passos e escolhas metodológicas possíveis para a utilização das técnicas relacionadas à etnografia, a fim de auxiliar o (a) pesquisador (a) que opte por utilizar este instrumento metodológico.Palavras-chave: Etnografia; Metodologia de Pesquisa; Pesquisa de Campo. Abstract: This article aims to present the methodological steps for the use of ethnography as a research tool in studies that require field observations. For this objective we presented ethnography as a methodology from Malinowski (1976), Geertz (2008), and Mainardes contributions (2009). To support theory was also used explanations of Magnani (2009), which illustrates the use of ethnography from the research conducted by the Urban Anthropology Nucleus (NAU), USP (Universidade de São Paulo). This article includes, from surveys conducted in literature on the subject, the possible methodological choices for the use of techniques related to ethnography in order to assist the researcher to use this methodological tool.Keywords: Ethnography; Research Methodology; Field Research.
Is Bandung Wifi Juara Program Success?
Authors: Gustia Robi 
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the public perception of Bandung Juara Wifi program 2013-2015. In this research, there are attributes Bandung Juara Wifi used to determine the public perception that consists of Internet access services, internet access tool, the cost of internet access, internet access time and service packs. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling so as to produce the 400 respondents who answered the questionnaire. This research data analysis technique is univariate data analysis techniques. The results of this study stated that overall public perception of the Bandung Juara Wifi is good. But needs to be improved on one attribute, namely, the services pack by improving the speed and stability of the Internet that are owned by Bandung Juara Wifi.
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah Tabungan PT Bank X Bandung
Authors: Rismanto Hilman 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisisa seberapa besar pengaruh kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan nasabah tabungan PT X Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dan verifikatif. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari perusahaan dengan jumlah dengan sampel 88 orang, Pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan teknik Nonprobability sampling, Analisis data menggunakan sofware SPSS 2.0
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk, kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan dipersepsikan baik oleh nasabah. Kualitas produk memiliki tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan, kualitas pelayanan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan. Artinya menunjukan bahwa semakin baik kualitas pelayanan yang terbentuk maka, ada kecenderungan pula semakin meningkatnya kepuasan dari para nasabahnya. Kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan secara bersama- sama memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan, artinya semakin baiknya kinerja kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan, maka hal tersebut akan meningkatnya kepuasan. Dari hasil analisis skripsi ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa jika variabel itu berdiri sendiri maka tidak setiap varibel akan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kepuasan, tetapi bila variabel itu bersama-sama dapat berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan nasabah.
Hunting for the Dark Matter Wake Induced by the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Garavito-Camargo Nicolas , Besla Gurtina , Laporte Chervin F. P. , Johnston Kathryn V. , Gómez Facundo A. , Watkins Laura L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Satellite galaxies are predicted to generate gravitational density wakes as they orbit within the dark matter (DM) halos of their hosts, causing their orbits to decay over time. The recent infall of the Milky Way’s (MW) most massive satellite galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), affords us the unique opportunity to study this process in action. In this work, we present high-resolution (m
dm = 4 × 104
M
⊙) N-body simulations of the MW–LMC interaction over the past 2 Gyr. We quantify the impact of the LMC’s passage on the density and kinematics of the MW’s DM halo and the observability of these structures in the MW’s stellar halo. The LMC is found to generate a pronounced wake, which we decompose in Transient and Collective responses, in both the DM and stellar halos. The wake leads to overdensities and distinct kinematic patterns that should be observable with ongoing and future surveys. Specifically, the Collective response will result in redshifted radial velocities of stars in the north and blueshifts in the south, at distances >45 kpc. The Transient response traces the orbital path of the LMC through the halo (50–200 kpc), resulting in a stellar overdensity with a distinct, tangential kinematic pattern that persists to the present day. The detection of the MW’s halo response will constrain the infall mass of the LMC, its orbital trajectory, and the mass of the MW, and it may inform us about the nature of the DM particle itself.
Fingerprints of the Protosolar Cloud Collapse in the Solar System. I. Distribution of Presolar Short-lived 26Al
Authors: Pignatale Francesco C. , Jacquet Emmanuel , Chaussidon Marc , Charnoz Sébastien 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The short-lived radionuclide 26Al is widely used to determine the relative ages of chondrite components and timescales of physical and thermal events that attended the formation of the solar system. However, an important assumption for using 26Al as a chronometer is its homogeneous distribution in the disk. Yet, the oldest components in chondrites, the Ca–Al-rich inclusions (CAIs), which are usually considered as time anchors for this chronometer, show evidence of 26Al/27Al variations independent of radioactive decay. Since their formation epoch may have been contemporaneous with the collapse of the parent cloud that formed the disk, this suggests that 26Al was heterogeneously distributed in the cloud. We model the collapse of such a heterogeneous cloud, using two different 26Al distributions (monotonic and nonmonotonic), and follow its redistribution in the first condensates and bulk dust that populate the forming disk. We find that CAIs inherit the 26Al/27Al ratio of the matter infalling at the time of their formation, so that variations of 26Al/27Al among primordial CAIs can be accounted for, independently of radioactive decay. The prevalence of a canonical ratio among them and its necessity for the differentiation of the first planetesimals suggest a (monotonic) scenario where 26Al sharply rose relatively close to the center of the protosolar cloud and essentially remained at a high level outward (rather than decreased since). As the 26Al abundance would be relatively homogeneous after cessation of infall, this would warrant the use of the Al–Mg chronometer from the formation of “regular” CAIs onward, to chondrules and chondrite accretion.
Formation of a Magnetic Flux Rope in the Early Emergence Phase of NOAA Active Region 12673
Authors: Liu 刘 Lijuan 丽娟 , Cheng 程 Xin 鑫 , Wang 汪 Yuming 毓明 , Zhou 周 Zhenjun 振军 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the formation of a magnetic flux rope (MFR) above the central polarity inversion line (PIL) of NOAA Active Region 12673 during its early emergence phase. Through analyzing the photospheric vector magnetic field, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and ultraviolet (UV) images, extrapolated three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear force-free fields (NLFFFs), and the photospheric motions, we find that with the successive emergence of different bipoles in the central region, the conjugate polarities separate, resulting in collision between the nonconjugated opposite polarities. Nearly potential loops appear above the PIL at first, then get sheared and merge at the collision locations as evidenced by the appearance of a continuous EUV sigmoid on 2017 September 4, which also indicates the formation of an MFR. The 3D NLFFFs further reveal the gradual buildup of the MFR, accompanied by the appearance of two elongated bald patches (BPs) at the collision locations and a very-low-lying hyperbolic flux tube configuration between the BPs. Finally, the MFR has relatively steady axial flux and average twist number of around 2.1 × 1020 Mx and −1.5, respective. Shearing motions are found developing near the BPs when the collision occurs, with flux cancellation and UV brightenings being observed simultaneously, indicating the development of a process named collisional shearing (first identified by Chintzoglou et al.). The results clearly show that the MFR is formed by collisional shearing, i.e., through shearing and flux cancellation driven by the collision between nonconjugated opposite polarities during their emergence.
Effects of Alpha–Proton Differential Flow on Proton Temperature Anisotropy Instabilities in the Solar Wind: Wind Observations
Authors: Zhao G. Q. , Li H. , Feng H. Q. , Wu D. J. , Li H. B. , Zhao A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Plasma kinetic waves and alpha–proton differential flow are two important subjects on the topic of solar wind evolution. Based on the Wind data during 2005–2015, this paper reports that the occurrence of electromagnetic cyclotron waves (ECWs) near the proton cyclotron frequency significantly depends on the direction of alpha–proton differential flow

. As

rotates from the anti-Sunward direction to the Sunward direction, the occurrence rate of ECWs as well as the percentage of left-handed (LH) polarized ECWs decreases considerably. In particular, it is shown that the dominant polarization changes from LH polarization to right-handed polarization during the rotation. The investigation on proton and alpha particle parameters ordered by the direction of

further illustrates that large kinetic energies of alpha–proton differential flow correspond to high occurrence rates of ECWs. These results are consistent with theoretical predictions for effects of alpha–proton differential flow on proton temperature anisotropy instabilities.
Early Supernova Emission: Logarithmic Corrections to the Planar Phase
Authors: Faran Tamar , Sari Re’em 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
When the shock wave generated in a supernova explosion breaks out of the stellar envelope, the first photons, typically in the X-ray-to-UV range, escape to the observer. Following this breakout emission, radiation from deeper shells diffuses out of the envelope as the supernova ejecta expands. Previous studies have shown that the radiation throughout the planar phase (i.e., before the expanding envelope has doubled its radius) originates in the same mass coordinate, called the “breakout shell.” We derive a self-similar solution for the radiation inside the envelope and show that this claim is incorrect and that the diffusion wave propagates logarithmically into the envelope (in a Lagrangian sense), rather than remaining at a fixed mass coordinate. The logarithmic correction implies that the luminosity originates in regions where the density is ∼10 times higher than previously thought, where the photon production rate is increased and helps thermalization. We show that this result has significant implications for the observed temperature. In our model, the radiation emitted from blue supergiant and Wolf–Rayet explosions is still expected to be out of thermal equilibrium during the entire planar phase, but the observed temperature will decrease by 2 orders of magnitude, contrary to previous estimates. Considering the conditions at the end of the planar phase, we also find how the temperature and luminosity transition into the spherical phase.