bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylglyoxal is an antibacterial effector produced by macrophages during infection
Authors: Anaya-Sanchez Andrea , Berry Samuel B. , Espich Scott , Zilinskas Alex , Tran Phuong M. , Agudelo Carolina , Samani Helia , Darwin K. Heran , Portnoy Daniel A. , Stanley Sarah A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInfected macrophages transition into aerobic glycolysis, a metabolic program crucial for control of bacterial infection. However, antimicrobial mechanisms supported by aerobic glycolysis are unclear. Methylglyoxal is a highly toxic aldehyde that modifies proteins and DNA and is produced as a side-product of glycolysis. Here we show that despite the toxicity of this aldehyde, infected macrophages generate high levels of methylglyoxal during aerobic glycolysis while downregulating the detoxification system. We use targeted mutations in mice to modulate methylglyoxal generation and show that reducing methylglyoxal production by the host promotes survival ofListeria monocytogenesandMycobacterium tuberculosis, whereas increasing methylglyoxal levels improves control of bacterial infection. Furthermore, we show that bacteria that are unable to detoxify methylglyoxal are avirulent and experience up to 1000-fold greater genomic mutation frequency during infection. Taken together, these results suggest that methylglyoxal is an antimicrobial innate immune effector that defends the host against bacterial pathogens.
Exact finite-time correlation functions for multiterminal setups: Connecting theoretical frameworks for quantum transport and thermodynamics
Authors: Blasi Gianmichele , Khandelwal Shishir , Haack Géraldine 
Published: November 2024

Transport in open quantum systems can be explored through various theoretical frameworks, including the quantum master equation, scattering matrix, and Heisenberg equation of motion. The choice of framework depends on factors such as the presence of interactions, the coupling strength between the system and environment, and whether the focus is on steady-state or transient regimes. Existing literature mainly treats these frameworks independently. Our work establishes connections between them by clarifying the role and status of these approaches using two paradigmatic models for single and multipartite quantum systems in a two-terminal setup under voltage and temperature biases. We derive analytical solutions in both steady-state and transient regimes for the populations, currents, and current correlation functions. Exact results from the Heisenberg equation are shown to align with scattering matrix and master equation approaches within their respective validity regimes. Crucially, we establish a protocol for the weak-coupling limit, bridging the applicability of master equations at weak-coupling with Heisenberg or scattering matrix approaches at arbitrary coupling strength.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Research on the transmission of the Open University of Japan courses via multi-device apps oriented to the learning ecosystem
Authors: Kodama Haruo , Suzuki Motofumi T. , Yaginuma Yoshitomo 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose the need for an integrated system for the production, authoring, addition and revision of webcast content and a multi-device apps mechanism with rights management for Internet transmission in the perspective of the OUJ course reuse.Design/methodology/approachThis paper designs systems that reuse the existing OUJ courses from the viewpoint of effective utilization, combine broadcasting lectures and online lectures of the OUJ courses and seamlessly link them as media-mix contents. In contrast to content development methodologies that assume embedded content production, this paper’s methodology takes an approach to producing and authoring webcasting content, flexibly adding and revising the content and transmitting that content over the internet via multi-device apps, taking rights management into account.FindingsThere is concern about the ELSI arising from the use of generative AI. It is directed at web content. This paper can contribute to resolving the ELSI surrounding the use of generative AI because it discusses a method of learning content development that clarifies the attribution of rights to content.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in the fact that it is oriented to reuse existing lectures of the OUJ courses and simplify the rights clearance for them, from the perspective of the learning ecosystem. The value of this paper is that it can also serve as a technical and legal response to the production, authoring and Internet transmission of open university courses in the era of generative AI.
Fixed-term contracts and firm productivity: Do workers’ skills and firm conversion rates from fixed-term to permanent contracts matter?
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Hân , Smits Wendy , Vancauteren Mark 
Published: November 2024

PurposeWe aim to elucidate the relationship between fixed-term employment and firm productivity by examining workers’ skills and considering how firm-level conversion rates influence this relationship.Design/methodology/approachWe use longitudinal employer-employee data between 2011 and 2017 in the Netherlands to estimate a nonlinear regression derived from a production function proposed by Addessi (2014) and Castellani et al. (2020).FindingsThe contribution of fixed-term contracts to firm-level productivity is less than that of permanent contracts. However, this contribution is greater when firms exhibit a high conversion rate from fixed-term to permanent positions. The effect of the conversion rate is more substantial for high-skilled fixed-term workers than for low-skilled ones.Originality/valueOur results suggest the extent to which firms benefit from fixed-term contracts when these are used for screening high-skilled workers for permanent employment.
Transmission of entrepreneurial values in enterprising families: a systematic literature review
Authors: Tessema Demeke Afework , Brunninge Olof , Cestino Joaquín 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to systematically review existing literature concerning the transmission of entrepreneurial values within the context of family entrepreneurship. Specifically, the study aims to address two primary inquiries: First, which entrepreneurial values transferred across generations have been discerned in family entrepreneurship literature? Second, what mechanisms for the transmission of these values have been identified within family entrepreneurship literature?Design/methodology/approachWe utilized the Web of Science database to identify relevant articles. We employed a broad set of Boolean search terms related to family, entrepreneurship and values. Ultimately, 77 articles were selected for detailed analysis based on their relevance to the topic.FindingsOur review identified a diverse array of entrepreneurial values that can be categorized into three themes: family values, family business values and societal entrepreneurial values. Furthermore, mechanisms facilitating the transmission of these values were classified into eight distinct types, i.e. relational embeddedness, vicarious learning, explicit communication, imprinting, educating, parenting styles, community-zeitgeist and genetics. The paper concludes with an agenda for future research on entrepreneurial value transmission in enterprising families.Practical implicationsUnderstanding how entrepreneurial values are transmitted within family firms can inform practices such as succession planning, leadership development and fostering a culture of entrepreneurship across generations.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the theoretical development of family entrepreneurship by consolidating and synthesizing existing knowledge on entrepreneurial value transmission. It provides a comprehensive overview that can guide future empirical and conceptual investigations in this field.
Regional efficiency analysis of fresh food cold chain logistics in China based on three-stage DEA model
Authors: Li Shan , Kim Yong Jin 
Published: November 2024

PurposeAssessing the efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics as accurately as possible is essential for industry development planning. This study was designed to analyze the efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics in China.Design/methodology/approachA three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was used to analyze the efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics in 30 provinces of China from 2013 to 2019. The stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) model in the second stage was used to eliminate the influence of external environmental factors and random disturbances on efficiency analysis results.Findings(1) The overall actual efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics in China is unsatisfactory, with an average technical efficiency of 0.382 over the 7-year period. (2) The national average technical efficiency and average scale efficiency were overestimated by 29.9% and 40.0%, respectively, compared with the actual values. (3) The efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics does not align with the level of regional economic development. (4) Distinct regional variations exist in the efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics in China, with higher efficiencies observed in Northwest China and the Central Yangtze River regions, and the lowest efficiencies in the northeast regions.Originality/valueThis study applies a three-stage DEA model to assess the development and regional differences of fresh food cold chain logistics in China, enriching the application of models and empirical analysis in this field. By analyzing the situation in China, it provides ideas and references for other developing countries to develop cold chain logistics.
The interplay of teachers' positive beliefs and practices: an exploratory study through the lens of positive psychology
Authors: Ghajarieh Amir , Vafaei Sara , Mozaheb Mohammad Amin 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe impact of teachers' positive psychology (PP) beliefs on their practices and the consequential influence on teaching processes and learning outcomes has been widely acknowledged. In line with PP in education, this research endeavors to examine the interconnectedness of Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ beliefs and their classroom practices regarding establishing a positive classroom environment.Design/methodology/approachUsing a purely qualitative approach, this study utilizes interviews and classroom observations as methods of data collection. To explore the beliefs of six female teachers and a number of their students, the researchers adapted selected prompts from the “What is happening in this class?” questionnaire developed by Fraser et al. (1996) into interview questions. The researchers also conducted classroom observations to gather information on the teachers' implementation of practices that contribute to a positive classroom environment.FindingsBy triangulating the interview data with the qualitative observations, the findings revealed a discrepancy between the teachers' cognition and their actual classroom practices concerning the establishment of a positive classroom environment. Students’ interviews also revealed the teacher participants' actual practices did not align with their cognitive beliefs.Originality/valueThe findings have significant implications for creating a positive environment in the post-pandemic era, suggesting a need for professional development and support for teachers in aligning their beliefs on positive psychology with their practices through qualitative enquiry.
Investigation of formation, microstructure and hardness of Ti-6Al-4V single tracks via Joule-fused filament additive manufacturing
Authors: Jiawen Lv , Li Bobo , Li Zhanxin , Chen Yitao , Liu Jingchi , Lu Bingheng 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate a novel additive manufacturing (AM) method for titanium alloy using Joule heat as the single heat source to melt TC4 wire, which intends to provide a new low-power, low-cost solution for the processing of titanium alloys.

Design/methodology/approach
When current flows through the wire and the substrate, Joule heat will be generated to melt the wire and join the wire with the substrate. By stacking the wire layer by layer, finally a part can be formed. The cross-sectional morphology, microstructure and hardness of TC4 single track deposits formed by Joule heat melting wire AM were investigated by various characterization methods.

Findings
The melting width and melting penetration decreased with the increase of printing speeds. There is no obvious change in single track morphology with the change of printing pressures. The melting width and melting penetration increased with the increase of printing currents. The observation of the internal microstructure of a single track reveals a decrease in grain size as printing speeds increase. The average hardness of the single track was about 363 HV, which is comparable to the hardness of the parts fabricated by selective laser melting process. The printing power is less than 300 W, which is lower than other AM processes.

Originality/value
This paper provides a novel solution for the processing of titanium alloy parts. Compared with other expensive energy sources, this work only uses an ordinary DC power supply as the energy source. The printing process is simple and the cost is low. The power is much lower than other AM processes.
A look across the borders: Swiss vs. Italian future special education Teachers' perspectives on inclusive education
Authors: Sahli Lozano Caroline , Wüthrich Sergej , Setz Fabian , Romano Alessandra , Petruccioli Rubina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTeachers play a key role in the implementation of inclusive education. Many studies investigate cross‐country differences in teacher perceptions of inclusive education, but there is a research gap in investigating the perspectives of special education teachers. This study examines attitudes, concerns, self‐efficacy and intentions of Italian (n = 180) and Swiss (n = 221) special education teacher students (SETS). Despite many similarities, Italian SETS held more positive beliefs, had fewer concerns regarding workload, and had higher intentions to use inclusive practices than Swiss SETS. No differences were found in self‐efficacy to use inclusive instructions, managing student behaviour, or collaboration. Apart from inclusive legislation and policies, which might account for more positive attitudes, fewer concerns, and higher intentions to use inclusive practices in Italian SETS, absence of differences in efficacy‐beliefs point to the importance of adequate support systems and teacher training in both countries. More research investigating the roles and perspectives of special education teachers across different inclusive education systems is necessary.
Exploring the connection between electoral systems and personalized behaviour among politicians and voters
Authors: TROMBORG MATHIAS , LARSEN MARTIN VINÆS 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe personalization of politics includes electoral reforms that give voters more opportunity to select individual representatives as well as behavioural personalization among voters and politicians. Institutional research suggests that the latter is a function of the former, but it remains unclear whether the association between the two types of personalization is actually causal. In order to get empirical leverage on this question, we analyze local elections in Denmark, which feature within‐district and within‐party variation in the openness of party lists. Using detailed information on the behaviour of politicians and voters, we find that, once we take differences between districts and parties into account, the personalization of electoral rules has a negligible effect on behavioural personalization.
Perspectives of Australian healthcare professionals towards gamification in practice
Authors: Stefoska‐Needham Anita , Goldman Allegra Leah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimGamification may be an effective tool in motivating sustained behaviour change. This study aimed to explore perspectives of Australian‐based healthcare professionals, including dietitians, towards gamification in their practice when assisting patients/clients to achieve health‐related goals.MethodsSemi‐structured online interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals. Data was audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, de‐identified and thematically analysed to identify key themes and inform the creation of personas.ResultsSix dietitians, two psychologists, two exercise physiologists, one medical specialist, with 1–24 years of work experience, participated. Most participants (n = 7, 64%) were unable to articulate a definition of gamification, however, when offered more context, they could identify examples. Overall, participants were positive towards gamification, regardless of prior experience/exposure. Three themes emerged; (1) Variable familiarity with gamification, (2) Context matters, (3) Barriers hinder engagement/adoption. Stage of career rather than profession influenced participants' views of gamification, as reflected in three characterising personas; ‘Joel: Early‐Career, Progressive’, ‘Bella: Mid‐Career, Stable’ and ‘Sam: Advanced‐Career, Expert’.ConclusionsFindings suggest that gamification is not widely used in health practice in Australia. Concerns about participation costs and data privacy are adoption barriers. Promotion of the effectiveness of gamification as a valuable adjunct tool to encourage behaviour change needs support from peak bodies. Embedding gamification in university curricula could better prepare graduates to engage with gamification in future practice. Further research capturing more diverse healthcare professionals' perspectives is required to fully understand the potential of gamification to change health behaviours, and to design feasible gamified solutions.
Actinorhizal plants and Frankiaceae: The overlooked future of phytoremediation
Authors: Thompson Ryan Michael , George David , del Carmen Montero‐Calasanz Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBioremediation of degraded soils is increasingly necessary due to rising food demand, reductions in agricultural productivity, and limitations in total available arable area. Several bioremediation strategies could be utilized to combat soil degradation, with phytoremediation emerging as a standout option due to its in situ approach and low implementation and maintenance costs compared to other methods. Phytoremediation is also a sustainable solution, which is increasingly desirable to blunt the progression of global warming. Actinorhizal plants display several desirable traits for application in phytoremediation, including the ability to revegetate saline soil and sequester heavy metals with low foliar translocation. Additionally, when grown in association with Frankiaceae endophytes, these abilities are improved and expanded to include the degradation of anthropogenic pollutants and the restoration of soil fertility. However, despite this significant potential to remediate marginalized land, the actinorhizal‐Frankiaceae symbiosis remains heavily understudied and underutilized. This review aims to collate the scattered studies that demonstrate these bioremediation abilities and explain the mechanics behind such abilities to provide the necessary insight. Finally, this review will conclude with proposed future directions for utilizing this symbiosis and how it can be optimized further to facilitate improved bioremediation outcomes.
A comparison of orthopaedic surgery training across five English‐speaking countries
Authors: Boyle Alex B. , Chan Corey D. , Liu Alice Q. , Bernstein David N. , Incoll Ian W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere is undocumented and unjustified variability in orthopaedic surgery training between countries. This study compares and contrasts the main features of orthopaedic training in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada.MethodsComparisons included: competition for, and selection into, training; training pathway structures; training requirements, and; training length.ResultsSelection into orthopaedic surgery training is competitive in all countries assessed with acceptance rates ranging from 22%‐26% in Australia and New Zealand to 85% in Canada. Minimum length of post‐medical school training varies from 5 years in the USA and Canada, to 8 years in Australia, 9 years in New Zealand, and 10 years in the United Kingdom. All countries encourage participation in research during training, although there are varying requirements. Significant bottlenecks characterize selection into training in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, meaning the majority of doctors take more than a decade from medical school graduation to obtaining their specialty surgery qualification.ConclusionsThere is high variability between the orthopaedic training programs of the studied countries. An awareness of these differences and similarities may help improve training, or provide solutions for identified gaps in each country.
Longitudinal association of stress with mental health in the context of COVID‐19: The mediating role of psychological flexibility and emotional schemas
Authors: Sebastião Rita , Neto David Dias 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStress is a known contributor to psychosocial pathological conditions and reduction of well‐being. The literature has highlighted the role of emotional schemas and psychological flexibility as psychological processes underlying this relationship in the short term. This two‐wave longitudinal study analyses the mediating role of psychological flexibility and emotional schemas in the relationship between stress responses to COVID‐19‐related events and mental health 6 months later. Two hundred and seventy‐six individuals were included in this study, completing measures of stress responses, emotional schemas, psychological flexibility and positive and negative mental health. Negative evaluation of emotions was a significant mediator in the longitudinal relationship between stress responses and negative mental health. Valued action and openness to experience mediate the longitudinal relationship between stress responses and positive mental health. This study underscores the importance of the different dimensions of psychological processes, suggesting that over time, more maladaptive psychological processes play a significant role in elucidating the relationship between stress responses and negative mental health. Similarly, it suggests that more adaptive processes may help explain the relationship between stress responses and positive mental health. This contributes to a better understanding of the stability of these processes, which is important for determining which intervention targets should be prioritised.
Distinguishing Structures from Textures by Patch‐based Contrasts around Pixels for High‐quality and Efficient Texture filtering
Authors: Wang Shengchun , Xu Panpan , Hou Fei , Wang Wencheng , Zhao Chong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIt is still challenging with existing methods to distinguish structures from texture details, and so preventing texture filtering. Considering that the textures on both sides of a structural edge always differ much from each other in appearances, we determine whether a pixel is on a structure edge by exploiting the appearance contrast between patches around the pixel, and further propose an efficient implementation method. We demonstrate that our proposed method is more effective than existing methods to distinguish structures from texture details, and our required patches for texture measurement can be smaller than the used patches in existing methods by at least half. Thus, we can improve texture filtering on both quality and efficiency, as shown by the experimental results, e.g., we can handle the textured images with a resolution of 800 × 600 pixels in real‐time. (The code is available at https://github.com/hefengxiyulu/MLPC)