bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlating Changes in the Epithelial Gland Tissue With Advancing Colorectal Cancer Histologic Grade, Using IHC Stained for AIB1 Expression Biopsy Material
Authors: Theodosi Angeliki , Glotsos Dimitris , Kostopoulos Spiros , Kalatzis Ioannis , Tzelepi Vassiliki , Ravazoula Panagiota , Asvestas Pantelis , Cavouras Dionisis , Sakellaropoulos George 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
The objective of this study was to study the textural and color changes occurring in the epithelial gland tissue with advancing colorectal cancer (CRC), utilizing immunohistochemical stain for AIB1 expression biopsy material.

Material and Methods:
Clinical material comprised biopsy specimens of 67 patients with a diagnosis of CRC. Two experienced pathologists used H&E-stained material for grading CRC lesions and immunohistochemical (IHC) stain for AIB1 expression. Twenty six patients were diagnosed with grade I, 28 with grade II, and 13 with grade III CRC. Guided by pathologists, we selected the regions of interest from AIB1-digitized images of each patient, encompassing the epithelial gland, and we computed 69 features, quantifying textural and color properties of the AIB1-stained lesions. We evaluated the statistical differences between grades by means of the Wilcoxon statistical test for each feature, and we assessed changes in feature values with advancing tumor grade by means of the Point Biserial Correlation.

Results:
Statistical analysis revealed 14 single features, quantifying textural and color properties of the epithelial gland, which sustained statistically significant differences between LG-CRC and HG-CRC cases. These features were drawn from the gray-level image histogram, the cooccurrence matrix, the run length matrix, the discrete wavelet transform, the Tamura method, and the L*a*b color transform.

Conclusions:
A systematic statistical analysis of AIB1-stained biopsy material showed that high-grade CRC lesions contain higher intensity levels, appear coarser, are more homogeneous with smooth variation across the image, have lower contrast that is slowly varying across the image, have lower AIB1 staining, and have lower edges. A combination of textural and color attributes, evaluating image gray-tone distribution, textural roughness, inhomogeneity, AIB1 staining, and image coarseness should be considered in evaluating AIB1-stained CRC lesions.
LI-cadherin and CDX2: Useful Markers in Metastatic Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinoma Cells in Serous Cavity Effusion
Authors: Ma Haifen , Yu Jihong , Tang Jingjing 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and significance of liver-intestine cadherin (LI-cadherin) and CDX2 (caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2) in cytology specimens of metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma in serous cavity effusion.

Materials and Methods:
The serous cavity effusion samples that were suspected of tumor metastasis in the last 5 years were made into paraffin-imbedded cell blocks, a total of 180 cases, including 97 cases of pleural effusion, 78 cases of ascites, and 5 cases of pericardial effusion. The expressions of LI-cadherin and CDX2 were detected by immunohistochemical staining in cell blocks and primary tumor tissues; thereafter, the specificity and sensitivity were analyzed.

Results:
The positive expressions of LI-cadherin and CDX2 in 63 cases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma cells were 65.1% (41/63), 61.9% (39/63), respectively. Of 11 cases of pancreaticobiliary duct cancers, only one case (9.09%) was weakly positive for LI-cadherin and CDX2 expressions, and 107 cases of non–digestive tract cancers were all negative. In 57 matched-pair samples of cell blocks and primary gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma tissues, the positive expressions of LI-cadherin and CDX2 were 64.9% (37/57), 61.4% (35/57), respectively, in cells, and 82.5% (47/57), and 77.2% (44/57), respectively, in tissues. Positive correlation was observed between the expressions of LI-cadherin and CDX2 in metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma cells (P<0.05). Both LI-cadherin and CDX2 expressions demonstrated positive correlation in cells with paired cancer tissues (P<0.05). The positive expression reached 80.7% with at least one positive marker in the total cell samples through combined detection of LI-cadherin and CDX2, increased by 15.8% and 19.3% compared with using either of the markers alone.

Conclusions:
Combined use of LI-cadherin and CDX2 can improve the accuracy in the diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma cells in serous cavity effusion and provide some bases of histologic origin because of their high sensitivity and specificity.
Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Is Associated With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Worse Outcomes in Children With Acute Respiratory Failure*
Authors: Dahmer Mary K. , Quasney Michael W. , Sapru Anil , Gildengorin Ginny , Curley Martha A. Q. , Matthay Michael A. , Flori Heidi 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:
To test whether plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist or variants within the gene encoding for interleukin-1ra (IL1RN), or proteins involved in regulating interleukin-1β levels or interleukin-1β response, are associated with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome or outcomes in mechanically ventilated children with parenchymal lung disease.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Twenty-two PICUs participating in the multisite clinical trial, Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure (U01 HL086622).

Subjects:
Children 2 weeks to 17 years old treated with invasive mechanical ventilation for acute airways and/or parenchymal lung disease.

Measurements and Main Results:
Three-hundred seventy-eight of 549 patients had pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome; DNA and plasma were obtained from 523 of 549 and 480 of 549 patients, respectively. Plasma interleukin-1ra was highest on the day of intubation (day 0) and decreased over the subsequent 3 days (p < 0.0001). Interleukin-1ra level was higher in patients with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome than those without pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (p < 0.0001). Multivariable regression analysis of data across all days demonstrated a significant association of interleukin-1ra (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.10–1.52; p = 0.002) and day (p < 0.05) with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome, independent of age and Pediatric Risk of Mortality-III score. Analysis on individual days indicated that plasma interleukin-1ra levels were associated with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome on days 0 and 2, independent of age and Pediatric Risk of Mortality-III score (p = 0.04 and 0.003, respectively), however did not quite reach significance on days 1 and 3 (p = 0.06 and 0.07, respectively). Interleukin-1ra was independently associated with mortality on day 1 (p = 0.02). Interleukin-1ra also correlated with length of mechanical ventilation, measures of oxygenation, and PICU length of stay. No genetic variants were associated with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Conclusions:
Plasma interleukin-1ra is associated with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome, PICU length of stay, length of mechanical ventilation, and mortality in children with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.
Belly Dancer Syndrome
Authors: Ossella Chiara , Dell'Omo Floriana , Zanetti Elena , Pestalozza Isabella Ferdinanda , Galizia Pierluigi , Tripodi Salvatore 
Published: August 2018

Background
Belly dancer syndrome is a rare condition consisting of involuntary, repetitive, often rhythmic contractions of the diaphragm, causing undulating movements of the abdomen that recall those of a belly dancer. It is frequently associated with pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen or lower chest, but clinical symptoms are highly variable often resulting in late diagnosis. Very few pediatric cases have been reported, all of which were secondary to other conditions, and to our knowledge, no idiopathic cases of Belly Dancer Syndrome have been reported in children.

Case
We present the case of a 14-year-old girl who presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of abdominal pain. She was initially diagnosed and treated for pancreatitis because blood tests revealed very high lipase, but when jerky abdominal wall movements became pronounced, belly dancer syndrome was suspected. Full work-up included abdominal ultrasound, chest x-ray, electroencephalogram, electromyography, magnetic resonance imaging, and toxic screen, all of which were normal. She was treated successfully with oral diazepam and referred to a pediatric neuropsychiatrist.

Conclusions
Belly dancer syndrome is a rare condition often misdiagnosed owing to multiple presentations. Increased awareness is necessary to prevent late diagnosis and incorrect treatment.
Individual and Environmental Determinants of Late-Life Community Disability for Persons Aging With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Keeney Tamra , Jette Alan M. 
Published: August 2018

Objective
The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of late-life community disability for adults 65 yrs and older with cardiovascular disease versus those without. This study also investigated the contributions of environmental and individual risk factors on late-life community disability for persons with cardiovascular disease.

Design
This is a secondary data analysis of the 2016 round of the National Health and Aging Trends Study. The study sample included community-dwelling Americans with cardiovascular disease (n = 1490) and without (n = 4819). Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between individual risk factors, environmental factors, and community disability for those with cardiovascular disease.

Results
Individuals with cardiovascular disease had a significantly higher prevalence of late-life community disability than those without (44.8% vs. 29.0%). For persons with cardiovascular disease, lack of transportation, home modification, and needing assistance with mobility increased the odds of community disability. Younger age and lower comorbidity were associated with decreased odds of community disability. When accounting for environmental factors in multivariate analyses, sex, race, and education were not significantly associated with community disability.

Conclusion
Late-life community disability is highly prevalent for persons aging with cardiovascular disease. Intervention strategies to deter late-life community disablement should focus on improving access to transportation and improving the community environment in which older adults live.
Protein Kinase C-Delta (PKCδ) Tyrosine Phosphorylation is a Critical Regulator of Neutrophil-Endothelial Cell Interaction in Inflammation
Authors: Soroush Fariborz , Tang Yuan , Guglielmo Kimberly , Engelmann Alex , Liverani Elisabetta , Patel Akruti , Langston Jordan , Sun Shuang , Kunapuli Satya , Kiani Mohammad F. , Kilpatrick Laurie E. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
Neutrophil dysfunction plays an important role in inflammation-induced tissue injury. Previously, we identified protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) as a critical controller of neutrophil activation and trafficking but how PKCδ is regulated in inflammation has not been delineated. PKCδ activity is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation on multiple sites. Tyrosine155 is a key regulator of apoptosis and gene expression, but its role in proinflammatory signaling is not known.

Methods:
In-vitro studies – superoxide anion (O2
−) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were measured in bone marrow neutrophils (BMN) isolated from wild type (WT) and PKCδY155F knock-in mice (PKCδ tyrosine 155 → phenylalanine). Our novel 3D biomimetic microfluidic assay (bMFA) was used to delineate PKCδ-mediated regulation of individual steps in neutrophil adhesion and migration using WT and PKCδY155F BMN and mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells (MLMVEC). In-vivo studies – WT and PKCδY155F knock-in mice underwent sham or cecal ligation and puncture surgery and the lungs harvested 24 h post-surgery.

Results:

In vitro – PKCδY155F BMN had significantly reduced O2
− and NETs release compared with WT. WT BMN, but not PKCδY155F BMN, demonstrated significant adhesion and migration across tumor necrosis factor-activated MLMVEC in bMFA. PKCδ inhibition significantly reduced WT BMN adhesion and migration under low shear and near bifurcations, but had no effect on PKCδY155F BMN. In vivo – mutation of PKCδ tyrosine 155 significantly decreased neutrophil migration into the lungs of septic mice.

Conclusions:
PKCδ tyrosine 155 is a key phosphorylation site controlling proinflammatory signaling and neutrophil–endothelial cell interactions. These studies provide mechanistic insights into PKCδ regulation during inflammation.
Initial Impairment and Recovery of Vision-Related Functioning in Participants With Acute Optic Neuritis From the RENEW Trial of Opicinumab
Authors: Petrillo Jennifer , Balcer Laura , Galetta Steven , Chai Yi , Xu Lei , Cadavid Diego 
Published: August 2018

Background:Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin domain-containing Nogo receptor-interacting protein 1 (LINGO-1) is a key suppressor of oligodendrocyte differentiation and axonal remyelination and regeneration. This analysis evaluated the potential benefit of opicinumab, a human monoclonal antibody against LINGO-1, vs placebo on exploratory clinical endpoints of patient-reported vision-related functioning and high-contrast visual acuity (HCVA) in RENEW participants with acute optic neuritis (AON).Methods:Participants were randomized to 100 mg/kg opicinumab intravenous or placebo every 4 weeks (6 infusions). Assessments were conducted in the per-protocol (PP) population and included: 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25), 10-item Neuro-Ophthalmic Supplement (NOS-10), and HCVA.Results:The opicinumab group (n = 33) had worse mean (SD) baseline patient-reported vision-related functioning scores vs placebo (n = 36): NEI-VFQ-25 composite, 75.5 (17.6) vs 79.0 (16.6); NOS-10 composite, 63.6 (19.8) vs 69.8 (21.2), respectively. By Week 24, the placebo and opicinumab groups experienced substantial mean improvements from baseline (NEI-VFQ-25 composite, 15.17 vs 13.51 [difference (95% CI): −1.66 (−5.11 to 1.78)]; NOS-10 composite, 17.40 vs 16.04 [difference (95% CI): −1.35 (−7.38 to 4.67)]). Between-treatment differences in mean change from baseline were not significantly different at any time point. Analysis of covariance–adjusted mean recovery from baseline in HCVA at Week 24 for the affected eyes was 11.8 and 8.7 letters for placebo and opicinumab, respectively (P= 0.202).Conclusions:Most participants in the RENEW PP population demonstrated substantial recovery from baseline in patient-reported vision-related functioning and HCVA, regardless of treatment and structural damage. Average scores after recovery remained lower than those of published disease-free control groups. These results provide important information on visual function recovery in patients with AON, as measured by NEI-VFQ-25 and NOS-10.
tDCS in Addiction and Impulse Control Disorders
Authors: Lapenta Olivia M. , Marques Lucas M. , Rego Gabriel G. , Comfort William E. , Boggio Paulo S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe study of addiction and impulsion control disorders has shown that behaviors of seeking and consumption of addictive substances are subserved by neurobiological alterations specifically related to brain networks for reward, stress, and executive control, representing the brain's adaptation to the continued use of an addictive substance. In parallel, studies using neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have demonstrated promising effects in modulating cognitive and motor functions. This review aims to describe the neurobiology of addiction and some of the most relevant cognitive models of addictive behavior and to clarify how tDCS application modulates the intake and craving for several addictive substances, such as food, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, crack, methamphetamine, and cannabis. We also discuss the positive and null outcomes of the use of this neuromodulatory technique in the treatment of addiction disorders resulting from the use of these substances. The reviewed findings lead us to conclude that tDCS interventions hold several promising clinical avenues in addiction and impulsive control. However, methodological investigations are necessary for undercover optimal parameters before implementing its clinical application.
An algorithm-centric Monte Carlo method to empirically quantify motion type estimation uncertainty in single-particle tracking
Authors: Rigano Alessandro , Galli Vanni , Gonciarz Krzysztof , Sbalzarini Ivo F. , Caterina Strambio-De-Castillia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractQuantitative analysis of microscopy images is ideally suited for understanding the functional biological correlates of individual molecular species identified by one of the several available “omics” techniques. Due to advances in fluorescent labeling, microscopy engineering and image processing, it is now possible to routinely observe and quantitatively analyze at high temporal and spatial resolution the real-time behavior of thousands of individual cellular structures as they perform their functional task inside living systems. Despite the central role of microscopic imaging in modern biology, unbiased inference, valid interpretation, scientific reproducibility and results dissemination are hampered by the still prevalent need for subjective interpretation of image data and by the limited attention given to the quantitative assessment and reporting of the error associated with each measurement or calculation, and on its effect on downstream analysis steps (i.e., error propagation). One of the mainstays of bioimage analysis is represented by single-particle tracking (SPT)1–5, which coupled with the mathematical analysis of trajectories and with the interpretative modelling of motion modalities, is of key importance for the quantitative understanding of the heterogeneous intracellular dynamic behavior of fluorescently-labeled individual cellular structures, vesicles, virions and single-molecules. Despite substantial advances, the evaluation of analytical error propagation through SPT and motion analysis pipelines is absent from most available tools 6. This severely hinders the critical evaluation, comparison, reproducibility and integration of results emerging from different laboratories, at different times, under different experimental conditions and using different model systems. Here we describe a novel, algorithmic-centric, Monte Carlo method to assess the effect of experimental parameters such as signal to noise ratio (SNR), particle detection error, trajectory length, and the diffusivity characteristics of the moving particle on the uncertainty associated with motion type classification The method is easily extensible to a wide variety of SPT algorithms, is made widely available via its implementation in our Open Microscopy Environment inteGrated Analysis (OMEGA) software tool for the management and analysis of tracking data 7, and forms an integral part of our Minimum Information About Particle Tracking Experiments (MIAPTE) data model 8.
Modular assembly of polysaccharide-degrading microbial communities in the ocean
Authors: Enke Tim N. , Datta Manoshi S. , Schwartzman Julia , Cermak Nathan , Schmitz Désirée , Barrere Julien , Cordero Otto X. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany complex biological systems such as metabolic networks can be divided into functional and organizational subunits, called modules, which provide the flexibility to assemble novel multi-functional hierarchies by a mix and match of simpler components. Here we show that polysaccharide-degrading microbial communities in the ocean can also assemble in a modular fashion. Using synthetic particles made of a variety of polysaccharides commonly found in the ocean, we showed that the particle colonization dynamics of natural bacterioplankton assemblages can be understood as the aggregation of species modules of two main types: a first module type made of narrow niche-range primary degraders, whose dynamics are controlled by particle polysaccharide composition, and a second module type containing broad niche-range, substrate-independent taxa whose dynamics are controlled by interspecific interactions, in particular cross-feeding via organic acids, amino acids and other metabolic byproducts. As a consequence of this modular logic, communities can be predicted to assemble by a sum of substrate-specific primary degrader modules, one for each complex polysaccharide in the particle, connected to a single broad-niche range consumer module. We validate this model by showing that a linear combination of the communities on single-polysaccharide particles accurately predicts community composition on mixed-polysaccharide particles. Our results suggest thus that the assembly of heterotrophic communities that degrade complex organic materials follow simple design principles that can be exploited to engineer heterotrophic microbiomes.
Quality circles for quality improvement in primary health care: their effectiveness, gaps of knowledge, origins and significance – a scoping review
Authors: Rohrbasser Adrian , Harris Janet , Mickan Sharon , Wong Geoff 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundQuality circles, or similarly structured small groups in primary health care, such as peer review groups, consist of 6 to 12 professionals from the same background who meet regularly to improve their standard practice. This paper reports the results from a scoping search performed to clarify possible effectiveness, knowledge gaps, underlying concepts and significance.ObjectivesTo gain insight into knowledge gaps and understanding of the effectiveness, origins and significance of quality circles.MethodsA search strategy was developed starting with ‘quality circle’ in PubMed and the index terms from those articles revealed were then used as search terms to identify further papers. Repeating this process in collaboration with a librarian, search strings relating to quality circles were built, and databases searched up to December 2017. Any paper on structured quality circles or related small group work in primary health care was included when relevant to the objectives.ResultsFrom 11973 citations, 82 background papers and 58 key papers were identified, in addition to 12 books and 10 websites. 19 studies, one paper summarizing three studies and one systematic review suggest that quality circles can be effective in behaviour change, though with varying effect sizes. Quality circles and their techniques are complex, as they are not standardized, and changes seem to depend on the topic and context, which requires further research into how and why they work in order to improve them. From their origins in industry, they are now used in primary health care in many countries for continuous medical education, continuous professional development and quality improvement.ConclusionThe evidence on quality circles indicates that they can successfully change general practitioner behaviour. As they are a complex intervention, theory-driven research approaches are needed to understand and improve their effectiveness. This is of major importance because they play an important role in quality improvement in primary health care in many countries.