bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The IMO, Technical Cooperation, and Global Ocean Governance
Authors: Pace Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) technical cooperation activities, the main objective of which is to assist developing countries to build up their human and institutional capabilities. These are basic requirements for the uniform and effective compliance with their obligations under IMO regulations and thereby to promote the IMO aim of safe, secure, environmentally sound and sustainable shipping. The chapter outlines the history and development of the IMO’s technical assistance programme. It highlights the IMO’s achievements in the field of technical cooperation, with emphasis on the development of human resources through training and other similar programmes. The chapter discusses in this regard the important roles played by the IMO-International Maritime Law Institute in Malta and the World Maritime University in Malmo.
Pebble dynamics and accretion on to rocky planets – II. Radiative models
Authors: Popovas Andrius , Nordlund Åke , Ramsey Jon P 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
We investigate the effects of radiative energy transfer on a series of nested-grid, high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations of gas and particle dynamics in the vicinity of an Earth-mass planetary embryo. We include heating due to the accretion of solids and the subsequent convective motions. Using a constant embryo surface temperature, we show that radiative energy transport results in a tendency to reduce the entropy in the primordial atmosphere, but this tendency is alleviated by an increase in the strength of convective energy transport, triggered by a correspondingly increased superadiabatic temperature gradient. As a consequence, the amplitude of the convective motions increase by roughly an order of magnitude in the vicinity of the embryo. In the cases investigated here, where the optical depth towards the disc surface is larger than unity, the reduction of the temperature in the outer parts of the Hill sphere relative to cases without radiative energy transport is only ∼100 K, while the mass density increase is of the order of a factor of two in the inner parts of the Hill sphere. Our results demonstrate that, unless unrealistically low dust opacities are assumed, radiative cooling in the context of primordial rocky planet atmospheres can only become important after the disc surface density has dropped significantly below minimum-mass-solar-nebula values.
Free Radical, Carbonyl, and Nicotine Levels Produced by Juul Electronic Cigarettes
Authors: Reilly Samantha M , Bitzer Zachary T , Goel Reema , Trushin Neil , Richie John P 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Free radicals and carbonyls produced by electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have the potential to inflict oxidative stress. Recently, Juul e-cigs have risen drastically in popularity; however, there is no data on nicotine and oxidant yields from this new e-cig design.

Methods
Aerosol generated from four different Juul flavors was analyzed for carbonyls, nicotine, and free radicals. The e-liquids were analyzed for propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (GLY) concentrations. To determine the effects of e-liquid on oxidant production, Juul pods were refilled with nicotine-free 30:70 or 60:40 PG:GLY with or without citral.

Results
No significant differences were found in nicotine (164 ± 41 µg/puff), free radical (5.85 ± 1.20 pmol/puff), formaldehyde (0.20 ± 0.10 µg/puff), and acetone (0.20 ± 0.05 µg/puff) levels between flavors. The PG:GLY ratio in e-liquids was ~30:70 across all flavors with GLY being slightly higher in tobacco and mint flavors. In general, when Juul e-liquids were replaced with nicotine-free 60:40 PG:GLY, oxidant production increased up to 190% and, with addition of citral, increased even further.

Conclusions
Juul devices produce free radicals and carbonyls, albeit, at levels substantially lower than those observed in other e-cig products, an effect only partially because of a low PG:GLY ratio. Nicotine delivery by these devices was as high as or higher than the levels previously reported from cigarettes.

Implications
These findings suggest that oxidative stress and/or damage resulting from Juul use may be lower than that from cigarettes or other e-cig devices; however, the high nicotine levels are suggestive of a greater addiction potential.
Temporal relationships between systemic lupus erythematosus and comorbidities
Authors: Kuo Chang-Fu , Chou I -Jun , Rees Frances , Grainge Matthew J , Lanyon Peter , Davenport Graham , Mallen Christian D , Chung Ting-Ting , Chen Jung-Sheng , Zhang Weiya , Doherty Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the burden of comorbidities prior to and after the diagnosis of SLE and its impact on mortality.MethodsWe identified 1605 incident cases of SLE and 6284 matched controls from the UK primary care. The risks of comorbidities before (prevalence; odds ratios) and after SLE diagnosis (incidence; hazard ratios) and the impact of comorbidities at diagnosis on all-cause mortality were estimated.ResultsAt diagnosis, SLE was associated with adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of 2.25 (1.97–2.56), 3.37 (2.49–4.57) and 3.54 (1.89–6.63) for a Charlson comorbidity index of 1–2, 3–4 and ≥5, respectively. Following diagnosis, SLE also associated with increased risk of developing any comorbidity with an adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) of 1.30 (95% CI, 1.13–1.49). At diagnosis, SLE was associated with a greater risk of cancer, cardiovascular, renal, liver, rheumatological and neurological diseases as well as depression, anaemia and psoriasis. Risks of developing incident comorbidity in the categories of neoplasm, cardiovascular, genitourinary, metabolic/endocrine, gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases, chronic pulmonary diseases, musculoskeletal/connective tissue and neurological diseases were higher in SLE patients. People with SLE had higher mortality risk compared with controls, with adjusted hazard ratio of 1.91 (95% CI, 1.62–2.26); after further adjusting for comorbidities this reduced to 1.64 (1.37–1.97). Comorbidities at SLE diagnosis accounted for 27.6% of the apparent difference in mortality between SLE patients and matched controls.ConclusionPeople with SLE have increased risks of multiple comorbidities both prior to and after diagnosis and this contributes significantly to all-cause mortality.
Physicians' Perceptions of Psychological Safety and Peer Performance Feedback
Authors: Scheepers Renée A. , van den Goor Myra , Arah Onyebuchi A. , Heineman Maas Jan , Lombarts Kiki M. J. M. H. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
For continuous professional development, it is imperative that physicians regularly receive performance feedback from their peers. Research shows that professionals are more proactive in learning and knowledge sharing with peers in teams with more psychological safety. Psychological safety has however not been studied in relation to peers' performance feedback. This study investigated the association between physicians' perceptions of psychological safety and performance feedback received from their peers.

Methods:
We invited physicians of cardiology, gastroenterology, obstetrics and gynecology, otorhinolaryngology, pulmonology, neurology, and neurosurgery departments of an academic medical center to participate. Physicians evaluated psychological safety using Edmondson's seven-item validated scale and performance feedback using the adapted four-item feedback subscale of the validated System for Evaluation of Teaching Qualities, including corrective and positive feedback, explanations of feedback, and suggestions for improvement from peers. We analyzed the data using multilevel linear regression analyses adjusted for physicians' sex, years since being certified a medical specialist, and months working in the clinic under the study.

Results:
This study included 105 physicians (86.8% participated). Psychological safety was positively associated with physicians' perceptions of performance feedback from peers (B = 0.54, 95% confidence interval = 0.34–0.73, P-value <.001).

Conclusions:
Physicians who experienced more psychological safety were more likely to receive corrective and positive performance feedback from peers, explanations of feedback, and suggestions for improvement. Medical teams should consider investing in psychological safety to encourage performance feedback from peers, and thus support physicians' continuous professional development and their efforts to provide high-quality patient care.
Retrospective Single-Center Registry Study on Graft Thickness 1 Year After Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Gormsen Andreas , Ivarsen Anders , Hjortdal Jesper 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To compare the graft thickness of eye bank precut grafts with graft thickness measured 1 year after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and to correlate the graft thickness of eye bank precut grafts with best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and endothelial cell density (ECD) 1 year after DSAEK.

Methods:
This was a retrospective registry study of 183 eyes of 179 DSAEK patients. Grafts were cut in the eye bank after 1 day in dextran-containing medium, and thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography immediately after precutting. Examinations 1 year after DSAEK included optical coherence tomography for graft thickness, BSCVA, and specular microscopy. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the median graft thickness. The correlations between original graft thickness and graft thickness measured 1 year later, BSCVA, and ECD were analyzed by linear regression analyses.

Results:
Graft thickness decreased from 116 ± 36.8 μm before to 100 ± 36.8 μm 1 year after DSAEK (R2 =0.901, P <0.0001). Mean BSCVA 1 year after DSAEK was 0.24 logMAR in eyes without ocular comorbidity. BSCVA was 0.25 ± 0.16 (0.21–0.28) and 0.20 ± 0.11 (0.18–0.23) in eyes with a graft thickness above or below 111 μm, respectively (P = 0.04). ECD loss 1 year after surgery did not correlate with graft thickness (R2 = 0.0006, P <0.875).

Conclusions:
Graft thickness measured immediately after precutting correlates strongly with graft thickness measured 1 year after DSAEK. This study suggests that ultrathin grafts provide better visual acuity 1 year after DSAEK than regular grafts.
Existentially Oriented Group Intervention for Patients With Heart Failure: Intervention Development and Preliminary Assessment
Authors: Vilchinsky Noa , Horowitz Yaffit , Bar-Kalifa Eran , Hasson-Ohayon Ilanit , Berlin Tatiana , Mosseri Morris 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Patients with heart failure (HF) cope with a chronic, life-threatening, particularly disabling medical condition. Their well-being is considered to be at a greater risk than that of patients with any other cardiovascular disease, and their psychological distress is associated with a worse prognosis. These patients are often preoccupied with existential concerns such as fear of death, loneliness, and a loss of sense of meaning. However, there is a dearth of literature regarding psychological interventions that address these issues among this population.

Aims:
We, the authors of the current pilot study, present the development and initial implementation of a novel protocol: “existentially oriented group intervention for patients with heart failure.” Our aims were to test the intervention's feasibility, as well as to explore patients' subjective experience of it.

Methods:
The intervention (consisting of seven 1-hour weekly sessions) was applied to 2 consecutive groups. Twelve patients coping with HF levels III and IV—according to the New York Heart Association classification—from a hospital-based HF clinic participated. The Narrative Evaluation of Intervention Interview was applied.

Results:
Although high dropout levels were detected, the patients who fully participated in the program reported on satisfaction and progress in the following 4 domains: personal growth, social support, self-worth, and mastery.

Conclusions:
On the basis of our preliminary findings, the “existentially oriented group intervention for patients with heart failure” is recommended to be further tested among patients coping with HF.
Transformational Leadership Practices and Work Engagement Among Nurse Leaders
Authors: Shaughnessy Marian K. , Quinn Griffin Mary T. , Bhattacharya Anand , Fitzpatrick Joyce J. 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to develop better understanding of the leadership characteristics of clinical nurse leaders.

BACKGROUND
Transformational leaders are the essential to support nursing in taking control of patient and family care coordination. One prior study of leadership and work engagement among clinical nurse leaders was identified.

METHODS
This descriptive correlational study explored the relationship between transformational leadership practices and work engagement among nurse leaders in the United States. Sample consisted of clinical nursing leaders attending the 2016 Magnet® Conference.

RESULTS
A significant positive relationship was identified between leadership practices and work engagement. Differences were noted in areas of select leadership practices and work engagement among nurse leaders based on different levels of education. Nurse leaders underperform in inspiring a shared vision, support for innovation, and taking risks, while also showing relatively weak levels of engagement in areas of vigor and absorption.

CONCLUSION
There is a need for additional research to better understand the characteristics of clinical nurse leaders to promote the principles of transformational leadership.
Use of Simulation to Develop Teamwork Skills in Prelicensure Nursing Students
Authors: Foster Marva , Gilbert Marie , Hanson Darlene , Whitcomb Kathryn , Graham Crystal 
Published: October 2018

Background
While use of simulation to improve teamwork skills has been established in a variety of clinical settings, it is unclear how teamwork skills of nursing students are developed using simulation.

Purpose
The purpose of this review was to synthesize literature on how simulation is used to teach teamwork skills to prelicensure nursing students.

Methods
The integrative review of the literature was conducted using the Whittemore and Knafl 5-stage methodology and the TeamSTEPPS framework.

Results
Twenty-one articles were included in the review. Each of the articles reviewed used a component of TeamSTEPPS. The most common TeamSTEPPS concept addressed in the simulations was communication followed by mutual support.

Conclusion
While simulation appears to be an appropriate methodology to teach teamwork skills to prelicensure nursing students, it is evident that some of those skills are not being taught using the TeamSTEPPS framework
Successful Treatment of a Subcutaneous Abscess Caused by Hyaluronic Acid Injection in Nasal Dorsum Augmentation Via a Scarless Incision
Authors: Liu Hai-Peng , Zhang Duo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We report a successful treatment of a subcutaneous abscess in a 24-year-old woman caused by hyaluronic acid injection in nasal dorsum augmentation using negative pressure drainage via nasal mucosal approach.
Repair of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Karatas Erkan 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks from cochleostomy after cochlear implantation intraoperatively and postoperatively.

Methods:
Three hundred seven patients (age ranges 13 months to 18 years) were undergone cochlear implantation and 14 (4.56%) of them had CSF leakage intraoperatively (2 normal, 12 anomalous cochlea). Complete packing of the around electrode in cochleostomy with muscle had performed to control CSF leak intraoperatively for primary surgery in 10 patients. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage was observed in 3 patients after cochlear implantation postoperatively. Revision surgeries for CSF leakage with fat tissue sealing were performed for them also. Fat tissue packing was performed for the last 4 patients in primary surgery. Outcomes of management methods for sealing were evaluated.

Results:
Sealing the cochleostomy with muscle was performed for 10 patients. Fibrin glue applications were used for excessive leakage for 5 patients with cochlear anomalies and 3 of these patients had CSF leak from cochleostomy postoperatively (Patients I, II, III). Secondary surgeries with fat tissue sealing were performed. But CSF leakage also was occurred in Patient III. Subtotal petrosectomy and obliteration of cavity with fat tissue had been performed for Patient III. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage has not been seen in primary surgeries with fat tissue packing in other 5 patients.

Conclusion:
Cerebrospinal fluid leakage may occur in cochlear implantation patients with inner ear anomalies postoperatively. Sealing of the cochleostomy with fat tissue is more useful than muscle intraoperatively.
Biocompatibility Studies of Nanoengineered Polycaprolactone and Nanohydroxyapatite Scaffold for Craniomaxillofacial Bone Regeneration
Authors: Harikrishnan Pandurangan , Islam Hairul , Sivasamy Arumugam 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Currently there is an increased demand for synthetic bone substitute materials (SBSMs) due to avoidance of donor-site surgery and morbidity. Attempts are done to create SBSM mimicking the bone microarchitecture for enhanced healing. In this study, the authors nanoengineered polycaprolactone (PCL) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) composite scaffold by electrospinning. The nHAp is synthesized via hydrothermal process followed by microwave irradiation. In vitro biocompatibility evaluation with MG63 osteoblastic cell line showed enhanced cell proliferation in the PCL-nHAp scaffold than plain PCL by MTT assay and fluorescence microscopy. Increased osteogenesis in the PCL-nHAp scaffold was shown by the increased calcium load, alkaline phosphatase activity, and expression of osteogenic biomarkers namely osteocalcin, osteonectin, and osteopontin. In vivo studies conducted in rabbit femur bone defects showed increased bone regeneration in PCL-nHAp implanted defects. The results show that PCL-nHAp electrospun scaffold is biomimetic and highly osteogenic and thus a potential SBSM for critical size craniomaxillofacial bone defect applications.
The intrinsic and regulated proteomes of barley seeds in response to fungal infection
Authors: Kerr Edward D. , Phung Toan K. , Caboche Christopher H. , Fox Glen P. , Platz Greg J. , Schulz Benjamin L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBarley is an important cereal grain used for beer brewing, animal feed, and human food consumption. Fungal disease can impact barley production, as it causes substantial yield loss and lowers seed quality. We used sequential window acquisition of all theoretical ions mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) to measure and quantify the relative abundance of proteins within seeds of different barley varieties under various fungal pathogen burdens (ProteomeXchange Datasets PXD011303 and PXD014093). Fungal burden in the leaves and stems of barley resulted in changes to the seed proteome. However, these changes were minimal and showed substantial variation among barley samples infected with different pathogens. The limited effect of intrinsic disease resistance on the seed proteome is consistent with the main mediators of disease resistance being present in the leaves and stems of the plant. The seeds of barley varieties accredited for use as malt had higher levels of proteins associated with starch synthesis and beer quality. The proteomic workflows developed and implemented here have potential application in quality control, breeding and processing of barley, and other agricultural products.
Atlas-based classification algorithms for identification of informative brain regions in fMRI data
Authors: Arco Juan E. , Díaz-Gutiérrez Paloma , Ramírez Javier , Ruz María 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMulti-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) has been successfully applied to neuroimaging data due to its larger sensitivity compared to univariate traditional techniques. Searchlight is the most widely employed approach to assign functional value to different regions of the brain. However, its performance depends on the size of the sphere, which can overestimate the region of activation when a large sphere size is employedIn the current study, we examined the validity of two different alternatives to Searchlight: an atlas-based local averaging method (ABLA, Schrouff et al., 2013a) and a Multi-Kernel Learning (MKL, Rakotomamonjy et al., 2008) approach, in a scenario where the goal is to find the informative brain regions that support certain mental operations. These methods employ weights to measure the informativeness of a brain region and highly reduce the large computational cost that Searchlight entails. We evaluated their performance in two different scenarios where the differential BOLD activation between experimental conditions was large vs. small, and employed nine different atlases to assess the influence of diverse brain parcellations.Results show that both methods were able to localize informative regions when differences between conditions were large, demonstrating a large sensitivity and stability in the identification of regions across atlases. Moreover, the sign of the weights reported by these methods provided the directionality of univariate approaches. However, when differences were small, only ABLA localized informative regions. Thus, our results show that atlas-based methods are useful alternatives to Searchlight, but that the nature of the classification to perform should be taken into account when choosing the specific method to implement.
Construction of a germline-specific RNAi tool inC. elegans
Authors: Zou Lina , Wu Di , Zang Xiao , Wang Zi , Wu Zixing , Chen Di 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnalysis of complex biological functions usually requires tissue-specific genetic manipulations in multicellular organisms. TheC. elegansgermline plays regulatory roles not only in reproduction, but also in metabolism, stress response and aging. Previous studies have used mutants ofrrf-1, which encodes an RNA-directed RNA polymerase, as a germline-specific RNAi tool. However, therrf-1mutants showed RNAi efficiency in somatic tissues. Here we constructed a germline-specific RNAi strain by combining an indel mutation ofrde-1, which encodes an Argonaute protein that functions cell autonomously to ensure RNAi efficiency, and a single-copyrde-1transgene driven by thesun-1germlinespecific promoter. The germline RNAi efficiency and specificity are confirmed by RNAi phenocopy of known mutations, knockdown of GFP reporter expression, as well as quantitative RT-PCR measurement of tissue-specific mRNAs upon RNAi knockdown. The germline-specific RNAi strain shows no obvious deficiencies in reproduction, lipid accumulation, thermo-tolerance and life span compared to wild-type animals. By screening an RNAi sub-library of phosphatase genes, we identified novel regulators of thermo-tolerance. Together, we have created a useful tool that can facilitate the genetic analysis of germline-specific functions inC. elegans.