bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological clocks, some clock‐related diseases, and medicinal plants
Authors: Deng Tzu‐Shing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProgress in chronobiology thus far has been built on botanical field investigation records, experiments on the development of biological clocks, open questions, established rules, and molecular mechanisms. In this review, three clock‐related diseases, namely cancer, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and depression, are discussed. Evidence‐based mechanisms of action of active compounds, namely epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), curcumin, and melatonin, from three medicinal plants, Camellia sinensis K., Curcuma longa L., and Hypericum perforatum L., respectively, as potential therapies against cancer, AD, and depression, respectively, have been explained. Feedback loops of basic inputs and application outputs of various studies will lead to the development of chronobiology for applications in time‐keeping, disease prevention, and control, and future agricultural practices.
Oncogenic Regulation of Extracellular Vesicle Proteome and Heterogeneity
Authors: Choi Dongsic , Spinelli Cristiana , Montermini Laura , Rak Janusz 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMutational and epigenetic driver events profoundly alter intercellular communication pathways in cancer. This effect includes deregulated release, molecular composition, and biological activity of extracellular vesicles (EVs), membranous cellular fragments ranging from a few microns to less than 100 nm in diameter and filled with bioactive molecular cargo (proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids). While EVs are usually classified on the basis of their physical properties and biogenetic mechanisms, recent analyses of their proteome suggest a larger than expected molecular diversity, a notion that is also supported by multicolour nano‐flow cytometry and other emerging technology platforms designed to analyze single EVs. Both protein composition and EV diversity are markedly altered by oncogenic transformation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and differentiation of cancer stem cells. Interestingly, only a subset of EVs released from mutant cells may carry oncogenic proteins (e.g., EGFRvIII), hence, these EVs are often referred to as “oncosomes”. Indeed, oncogenic transformation alters the repertoire of EV‐associated proteins, increases the presence of pro‐invasive cargo, and alters the composition of distinct EV populations. Molecular profiling of single EVs may reveal a more intricate effect of transforming events on the architecture of EV populations in cancer and shed new light on their biological role and diagnostic utility.
Phosphonium‐based polyelectrolyte networks with high thermal stability, high alkaline stability, and high surface areas
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Smith Rhett C. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTPhosphonium‐containing polyelectrolyte networks (PENs) (P1–P4) were prepared by cyclotrimerization of bis(4‐acetylphenyl)diphenylphosphonium bromide (M1) and 1,4‐diacetylbenzene (M2) with p‐toluene sulfonic acid in various M1:M2 ratios (1,0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4). The relative abundance of the PAr4+ units in each PEN was demonstrated to influence thermal stability, alkaline stability, water uptake, surface area, and CO2 uptake in predictable ways. Impressively, PENs with NTf2− counterions (Tf = CF3SO3) did not exhibit 5% mass loss until heating above 400 °C. Alkaline stability, tested by challenging a PEN with 6 M NaOH(aq) at 65 °C for 120 h, increased with increasing PAr4+ content, which reflected the enhanced reactivity of the HO− anion in more hydrophobic materials (i.e., PENs with lower M1:M2 ratios). The specific surface areas estimated by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analysis for these PENs were above 60 m2/g under N2 and nearly 90 m2/g under CO2. Notably, P3 (in which 33% of monomers comprise a phosphonium moiety) exhibited a CO2 uptake affinity of one CO2 molecule adsorbed for every phosphonium site. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 598–604
Reactivity of urethanes at high temperature: Transurethanization and side reactions
Authors: Prenveille Thomas , Garreau Cyrielle , Matner Mathias , Dijkstra Dirk , Oppermann Wilhelm , Johannsmann Diethelm 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe reactivity of urethanes based on 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 4,4′‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) was investigated at temperatures between 190 °C and 235 °C. Diurethane model compounds end‐capped with either 1‐dodecanol (D‐core‐D) or 1‐hexadecanol (H‐core‐H) were mixed and annealed at high temperature. The core was either MDI or HDI. The transurethanization reaction was followed based on the formation of the compounds (H‐core‐D). The amount of H‐core‐D and of side products, which had formed after variable annealing times, were identified with 1H NMR, FTIR, SEC, and MALDI‐TOF. Transurethanization was considerably faster for MDI‐based urethanes than for HDI‐based urethanes. Only traces of side products were formed during annealing of MDI‐based urethanes, whereas a significant amount of allophanates was formed from HDI‐based urethanes under the same conditions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 621–629
Magnesium Particles Coated with Mesoporous Nanoshells as Sustainable Therapeutic‐Hydrogen Suppliers to Scavenge Continuously Generated Hydroxyl Radicals in Long Term
Authors: Kong Lei , Chen Chuanrui , Mou Fangzhi , Feng Yizheng , You Ming , Yin Yixia , Guan Jianguo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSustainable supplementation of massive molecular‐H2 is considered to be the most effective therapy for long‐term elimination of excessive hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in vivo, but has not been achieved so far. In this work, it is demonstrated that magnesium microparticles (Mg MPs) coated with mesoporous nanoshells can achieve the long‐term and high‐efficient generation of therapeutic hydrogen in physiological condition for ·OH scavenging. The as‐proposed magnesium@mesoporous SiO2 core–shell microparticles (Mg@p‐SiO2 MPs) are synthesized by developing a modified Stöber method using acetone as the solvent, and they exhibit shell thickness (d)‐dependent H2 release behavior due to the barrier effect of nanoshells on both the occurrence of Mg–water reaction and H2 diffusion. Consequently, they are able to provide vast quantities of H2 molecules dissolved in body fluid with a rate controlled by d over a long period. A simulation model is established which well explains and further predicts the dependence of H2 release behavior on d, and the long‐term protection of cells from oxidative damage by Mg@p‐SiO2 MPs is also experimentally validated. As the H2 concentration and effective duration in medium can be adjusted by dosage and d, Mg@p‐SiO2 MPs are promising for accurate H2 drug delivery in vivo.
Opportunities on the road to value‐based payment for children with chronic respiratory disease
Authors: Kevill Katharine A. , Bazzy‐Asaad Alia , Pati Susmita 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe transition from a fee‐for‐service payment system to value‐based payment system gained momentum in the US in 2010 with the passage of the Affordable Care Act and continues to progress rapidly. Market research estimates that value‐based payment models will surpass fee‐for‐service by 2020. This change offers both great opportunity and great risk to the medical care of the heterogeneous populations of children with chronic respiratory disease. The fee‐for‐service model has driven the emergence of a healthcare delivery infrastructure markedly misaligned with the medical needs of children with chronic respiratory disease. A change to value‐based payment models offers the opportunity to create systems better aligned with the complex and varied care needs of these children. However, rapid change without input from the relevant stakeholders could yield an infrastructure even more misaligned with the needs of children with chronic respiratory disease than the current one and threaten access to high quality medical care for these populations. Through the lens offered by three fictional case studies, this review: (1) illustrates current and evolving payment models; (2) describes limitations of these payment models; and (3) suggests a novel way to envision and evaluate value‐based payment models for children with chronic respiratory disease.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations leading to hypoxemia in child with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Aregullin E. Oliver , Kaley Vishal R. , Vettukattil Joseph J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic condition characterized by respiratory tract infections, situs inversus or heterotaxy, and male infertility. Chronic respiratory infections begin in childhood and result in complications such as bronchiectasis. As hypoxemia is often attributed to bronchiectasis, other etiologies for desaturation in this setting are not routinely evaluated. The development of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) in PCD is not an established association. PAVMs as the etiology for hypoxemia may have been overlooked due to the lack of awareness of this rare association. We present a child with diagnosis of PCD with significant hypoxemia in the absence of bronchiectasis, found to have diffuse bilateral PAVMs and discuss possible physiopathologic mechanisms.
Improved isotopic model based on 15N tracing and Rayleigh‐type isotope fractionation for simulating differential sources of N2O emissions in a clay grassland soil
Authors: Castellano‐Hinojosa Antonio , Loick Nadine , Dixon Elizabeth , Matthews G. Peter , Lewicka‐Szczebak Dominika , Well Reinhard , Bol Roland , Charteris Alice , Cardenas Laura 
Published: December 2018

RationaleIsotopic signatures of N2O can help distinguish between two sources (fertiliser N or endogenous soil N) of N2O emissions. The contribution of each source to N2O emissions after N‐application is difficult to determine. Here, isotopologue signatures of emitted N2O are used in an improved isotopic model based on Rayleigh‐type equations.MethodsThe effects of a partial (33% of surface area, treatment 1c) or total (100% of surface area, treatment 3c) dispersal of N and C on gaseous emissions from denitrification were measured in a laboratory incubation system (DENIS) allowing simultaneous measurements of NO, N2O, N2 and CO2 over a 12‐day incubation period. To determine the source of N2O emissions those results were combined with both the isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of the isotopocules of emitted N2O and those from the 15N‐tracing technique.ResultsThe spatial dispersal of N and C significantly affected the quantity, but not the timing, of gas fluxes. Cumulative emissions are larger for treatment 3c than treatment 1c. The 15N‐enrichment analysis shows that initially ~70% of the emitted N2O derived from the applied amendment followed by a constant decrease. The decrease in contribution of the fertiliser N‐pool after an initial increase is sooner and larger for treatment 1c. The Rayleigh‐type model applied to N2O isotopocules data (δ15Nbulk‐N2O values) shows poor agreement with the measurements for the original one‐pool model for treatment 1c; the two‐pool models gives better results when using a third‐order polynomial equation. In contrast, in treatment 3c little difference is observed between the two modelling approaches.ConclusionsThe importance of N2O emissions from different N‐pools in soil for the interpretation of N2O isotopocules data was demonstrated using a Rayleigh‐type model. Earlier statements concerning exponential increase in native soil nitrate pool activity highlighted in previous studies should be replaced with a polynomial increase with dependency on both N‐pool sizes.
Examining the role of resilience and perceived health status on environmental quality of life: An oil community experience
Authors: Ilevbare Femi Monday , Idemudia Erhabor Sunday 
Published: December 2018

AbstractResearch evidence on how resilience and perceived health status contributes to environmental quality of life (EQoL) in oil‐producing communities is limited. The activities of oil exploration are more likely to have an environmental impact on residents’ habitation, resulting in a lack of access to quality air, to adverse noise levels, and to poor‐quality water in households. However, evidence abounds in the literature that resilience is an important factor in sustainable development, while EQoL is significantly related to health status. This study is an attempt to identify the predictive roles of resilience and perceived health status on self‐reported EQoL among residents in the Badagry oil‐producing community, Lagos State, South‐western Nigeria. To perform this study, descriptive survey design was used. The participants were 169 residents selected randomly from the Badagry oil‐producing community. Their ages ranged from 14 to 58 years (M = 34 years, SD = 12.42). The Environmental Quality of Life Scale, Resilience Scale, and the Perceived Health Status Scale were used to collect responses from respondents. The results revealed that there is significant prediction of resilience when considering EQoL (F1,167 = 6.85, P < 0.05, R2 = 0.04), while perceived health status is not significantly predicted when considering EQoL (F1,167 = 0.68, P > 0.05, R2 = 0.01). However, findings suggest that resilience and perceived health status jointly predict EQoL (F = 4.24, P < 0.05, R2 = 0.05). The study concludes that psychosocial attributes of resilience and perceived health status should be taken into consideration by policymakers when formulating policies that are inclusive of EQoL indicators in oil‐producing communities in Nigeria.
Optimal location of a rigid inclusion in equilibrium problems for inhomogeneous two‐dimensional bodies with a crack
Authors: Lazarev Nyurgun , Everstov Vladimir 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA two‐dimensional model describing equilibrium of a cracked inhomogeneous body with a rigid inclusion is studied. We assume that the Signorini condition, ensuring non‐penetration of the crack faces, is satisfied. For a family of corresponding variational problems, we analyze the dependence of their solutions on the location of the rigid inclusion. The existence of a solution of the optimal control problem is proven. For this problem, a cost functional is defined by an arbitrary continuous functional on a suitable Sobolev space, with the location parameter of the inclusion is chosen as a control parameter.
Tomato lycopene prevention of alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma development
Authors: Stice Camilla P. , Xia Hui , Wang Xiang‐Dong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in the United States, and chronic, excessive alcohol consumption is responsible for 32%–45% of all the liver cancer cases in the United States. Avoidance of chronic or excessive alcohol intake is the best protection against alcohol‐related liver injury; however, the social presence and addictive power of alcohol are strong. Induction of the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) enzyme by chronic and excessive alcohol intake is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of ALD. High intake of tomatoes, rich in the carotenoid lycopene, is associated with a decreased risk of chronic disease. The review will overview the prevention of ALD and HCC through dietary tomato rich in lycopene as an effective intervention strategy and the crucial role of CYP2E1 induction as a molecular target. The review also indicates a need for caution among individuals consuming both alcohol and high dose lycopene as a dietary supplement.
Elevation-dependent behavior of hoar-prominent snowpack on forest slopes in the Japanese Central Alps based on a decade of observations
Authors: Harada Yusuke , Wakabayashi Ryuzo , Inoue Yoshikage 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTFull snow-pit observations were performed on a monthly basis over ten winter seasons from 1995 to 2004, at 15 study plots spaced at 100 m elevation intervals (1300–2700 m a.s.l.) in the mountainous forest of the Japanese Central Alps. We observed 514 pits with an average depth of 1.12 m. Density measurements were taken in 2610 snow layers in total. Monthly trends indicate that snow depth has a strong linear correlation with elevation and that the mean density of snow cover has a moderate linear correlation with elevation in midwinter. Snow water equivalent can increase as a quadratic function of elevation in January and February. For this reason, the influence of overburden load and wind packing is elevation-dependent from January to February, a period when a facet-prominent snowpack existed on account of low snow and air temperatures. The density of depth hoar is greater at higher elevations than it is for rounded grains in midwinter due to densification. On forested slopes, with increasing elevation, snowfall frequency and the impact of wind upon snow increases while air temperature decreases, causing elevational variance in grain shapes.
Effectiveness of antimicrobial hospital curtains on reducing bacterial contamination—A multicenter study
Authors: Luk Shik , Chow Viola Chi Ying , Yu Kelvin Chung Ho , Hsu Enoch Know , Tsang Ngai Chong , Chuang Vivien Wai Man , Lai Christopher Koon Chi , Hui Mamie , Lee Rodney Allan , Lai Wai Man , Que Tak Lun , Fung Sau Chun , To Wing Kin , Cheng Vincent Chi Chung , Wong Andrew Tin Yau 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of 2 types of antimicrobial privacy curtains in clinical settings and the costs involved in replacing standard curtains with antimicrobial curtains.DesignA prospective, open-labeled, multicenter study with a follow-up duration of 6 months.SettingThis study included 12 rooms of patients with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) (668 patient bed days) and 10 cubicles (8,839 patient bed days) in the medical, surgical, neurosurgical, orthopedics, and rehabilitation units of 10 hospitals.MethodCulture samples were collected from curtain surfaces twice a week for 2 weeks, followed by weekly intervals.ResultsWith a median hanging time of 173 days, antimicrobial curtain B (quaternary ammonium chlorides [QAC] plus polyorganosiloxane) was highly effective in reducing the bioburden (colony-forming units/100 cm2, 1 vs 57; P < .001) compared with the standard curtain. The percentages of MDRO contamination were also significantly lower on antimicrobial curtain B than the standard curtain: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 0.5% vs 24% (P < .001); carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp, 0.2% vs 22.1% (P < .001); multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp, 0% vs 13.2% (P < .001). Notably, the median time to first contamination by MDROs was 27.6 times longer for antimicrobial curtain B than for the standard curtain (138 days vs 5 days; P = .001).ConclusionsAntimicrobial curtain B (QAC plus polyorganosiloxane) but not antimicrobial curtain A (built-in silver) effectively reduced the microbial burden and MDRO contamination compared with the standard curtain, even after extended use in an active clinical setting. The antimicrobial curtain provided an opportunity to avert indirect costs related to curtain changing and laundering in addition to improving patient safety.
How well do N95 respirators protect healthcare providers against aerosolized influenza virus?
Authors: Bischoff Werner E. , Turner JoLyn , Russell Gregory , Blevins Maria , Missaiel Engy , Stehle John 
Published: December 2018

AbstractN95 respirator masks are recommended for protection against respiratory viruses. Despite passing fit-testing 10% of N95 respirator users encountered breakthroughs with exposure to influenza virus compared to full protection provided by a powered air purifying respirator. The current recommendation of N95 respirators should be evaluated for endemic and emerging scenarios.
Comparing measurements of snow mechanical properties relevant for slab avalanche release
Authors: REUTER BENJAMIN , PROKSCH MARTIN , LÖWE HENNING , VAN HERWIJNEN ALEC , SCHWEIZER JÜRG 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTSnow properties relevant to the fracture processes involved in dry-snow slab avalanche release include weak layer specific fracture energy, slab elastic modulus and density. Various techniques exist to determine these snow mechanical properties, but it is presently unclear how values determined with different methods compare. In the laboratory, the 3-D microstructure of cm-sized snow samples is reconstructed by micro-computed tomography (μCT) so that density and elastic modulus can be computed. In the field, fracture energy and modulus are estimated based on particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) of the displacement field observed during propagation saw tests. Snow stratigraphy is measured with the snow micro-penetrometer (SMP) in either, field or laboratory. We compared SMP-derived properties to correspondingμCT- and PTV-derived values. Values of snow density related well toμCT results and so were SMP-derived elastic moduli related to PTV-derived values. By taking into account snow anisotropy a good relation between SMP- andμCT-derived moduli resulted suggesting the SMP-derived modulus characterizes the components of the modulus perpendicular to the axis of penetration. SMP- and PTV-derived values of fracture energy were correlated. The SMP can provide a bridge between scales and techniques, yet further improvements in signal interpretation are still needed.
Reliable and efficient recording of the error-related negativity with a speeded Eriksen Flanker Task
Authors: Suchan Franziska , Kopf Juliane , Althen Heike , Reif Andreas , Plichta Michael M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveThere is accumulating evidence that the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential elicited after erroneous actions, is altered in different psychiatric disorders and may help to guide treatment options. Thus, the ERN is a promising candidate as a psychiatric biomarker. Basic methodological requirements for a biomarker are that their measurements are standardised and reliable. The aim of the present study was to establish ERN acquisition in a reliable, time-efficient and patient-friendly way for use in clinical practice.MethodsHealthy subjects performed a speeded Eriksen Flanker Task that increases the number of errors. In a test–retest design (N = 14) with two sessions separated by 28 days we assessed the reliability of the ERN. To ensure external validity, we aimed to replicate previously reported correlation patterns of ERN amplitude with (A) number of errors and (B) negative affect. In order to optimise the clinical use of the task, we determined to which extent the task can be shortened while keeping reliability &gt;0.80.ResultsWe found excellent reliability of the ERN (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.806–0.947) and replicated ERN correlation patterns. The task can be halved to a patient-friendly length of 200 trials (recorded in 8 min) keeping reliability &gt;0.80.ConclusionsThe modified task provides reliable and efficient recording of the ERN, facilitating its use as a psychiatric biomarker.
The 50 American States in Space and Time: Applying Conditionally Autoregressive Models
Authors: Jackson Joshua L. , Monogan James E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSpatial conditionally autoregressive (CAR) models in a hierarchical Bayesian framework can be informative for understanding state politics, or any similar population of border-defined observations. This article explains how a hierarchical CAR model is specified and estimated and then uses Monte Carlo analyses to show when the CAR model offers efficiency gains. We apply this model to data structures common to state politics: A cross-sectional example replicates Erikson, Wright and McIver’s (1993) Statehouse Democracy model and a multilevel panel model example replicates Margalit’s (2013) study of social welfare policy preferences. The CAR model fits better in each case and some inferences differ from models that ignore geographic correlation.