bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Falls in Individuals With Lower Extremity Amputations During the Pre‐Prosthetic Phase: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vu Kimberly , Payne Michael W.C. , Hunter Susan W. , Viana Ricardo 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundFalls in individuals with lower limb amputations (LLAs) pose significant health concerns. The literature is limited regarding falls during the preprosthetic phase of rehabilitation for persons with LLAs.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of falls and identify factors associated with falls during the preprosthetic recovery phase.DesignRetrospective chart audit.SettingInpatient rehabilitation program.ParticipantsFour hundred forty individuals with LLAs (age ± SD = 61.93 ± 14.53 years, 73.18% male) who attended inpatient rehabilitation from 26 July 2011 to 21 August 2017.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe number of self‐reported falls was recorded from the time of surgery to admission for inpatient rehabilitation. Outcomes of interest were any fall (1+ fall) and recurrent falls (2+ falls). A retrospective chart audit was performed on consecutive admissions to an inpatient rehabilitation program.ResultsThe incidence of falls was 8.37 per 1000 patient‐days. Falls were sustained by 60.9% of the sample. Unilateral transtibial amputation was independently associated with an increased risk of recurrent falls (relative risk [RR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–2.23, P = .008). Diabetes mellitus was independently associated with an increased risk of any fall (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–.38, P = .03). Finally, bilateral transtibial amputation was independently associated with a reduced risk of any fall (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39–0.90, P = .014).ConclusionsConsistent with the current literature, diabetes mellitus and a unilateral transtibial amputation were risk factors for falling, whereas a bilateral transtibial amputation and increasing age presented new findings as factors associated with decreased falling.Level of EvidenceIII.
Fear of cancer recurrence among Chinese cancer survivors: Prevalence and associations with metacognition and neuroticism
Authors: Ng Danielle Wing Lam , Kwong Ava , Suen Dacita , Chan Miranda , Or Amy , Ng Siuman Simon , Foo Chi Chung , Fielding Brenna F.S. , Lam Wendy W.T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) represents a chronic burden for many cancer survivors. We determined FCR prevalence and potential correlates, specifically metacognitive styles and neuroticism among Chinese cancer survivors with breast or colorectal cancer.MethodsThis study included 285 Chinese patients with breast (N = 173) and colorectal (N = 112) cancers at 8‐week postsurgery. Participants completed a set of baseline questionnaires evaluating FCR (Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory‐Short Form [FCRI‐SF]), metacognition (Metacognitions Questionnaire‐30), and neuroticism (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). Scores of 13 to 21 were indicative of subclinical FCR on the FCRI‐SF. Scores greater than or equal to 22 indicated clinically significant levels of FCR. Fully adjusted multinomial logistic regressions identified correlates of subclinical and clinically significant FCR.ResultsRespectively, 26.0% (n = 74) and 11.2% (n = 32) achieved scores indicating subclinical and clinically significant FCR. Expressing significantly more positive (OR = 1.21, P = .003) and negative (OR = 1.19, P = .005) beliefs about worry was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting subclinical FCR. Both higher neuroticism (OR = 1.28, P = .003) and more negative beliefs about worry (OR = 1.19, P = 0.035) were associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing clinically significant FCR.ConclusionsPositive and negative metacognitions may play an important role in the development of subclinical FCR. In particular, negative metacognition and neuroticism may elevate FCR from subclinical to a clinical level. The findings give insight into the identification of cancer survivors with subclinical or clinical FCR and aid the development of interventions aimed at changing metacognitive beliefs in order to manage FCR.
A Viscoelastic Constitutive Model of Composite Propellant Considering Dewetting and Strain‐Rate and its Implementation
Authors: Ma Hao , Shen Zhi‐B. , Li Dao‐K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA reasonable constitutive model is the prerequisite to accurately estimate the mechanical behaviours of the composite propellant and the structural analysis of solid rocket motor grain. Through coaxial tensile tests, the viscoelastic properties of the solid propellant, especially dewetting, under actual loading is studied. The concept of dewetting point is proposed to describe the behaviour of dewetting. Based on the experimental results, a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model considering strain rate was applied to composite propellant and modified by the dewetting factor to extend the original one to a wide strain variation. Based on the updated Lagrangian approach, the incremented form of the constitutive model is deduced using the updated Kirchhoff stress tensors and strain tensors. By the numerical method and user defined material subroutine, the model is implemented to the 3D structural analysis of the grain during the ignition pressurization procedure. The model is validated by one set of experiments and further grain structural integrity analysis is carried out to study the influence of the pressurization rate and dewetting elongation.
A new approach for predicting gas chromatography retention indices of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles
Authors: Moustafa Nagy E. , Mahmoud Kout El‐Kloub Fars 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHere we present a novel and simple approach for predicting retention indices of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles on (5%‐Phenyl)‐methylpolysiloxane stationary phase using a new set of structural descriptors based on substituent positions. The prediction method modeled correlations between retention indices and structural parameters for alkyl substituted benzothiophenes and dibenzothiophenes. Five models were created: two for uni‐ and di‐ substituted benzothiophenes homologous series, and three for the following non‐homologous series: (i) uni‐ to tri‐ substituted benzothiophenes; (ii) uni‐ to tetra‐substituted dibenzothiophenes and (iii) isomers of benzo[b]naphtha[2,1‐d]thiophene and benzo[b]naphtha[1,2‐d]thiophene. Retention was highly correlated with structural parameters, and all models had high correlation coefficients, low root mean‐squared errors, and low mean absolute percentage errors for the homologous series. For non‐homologous models, R‐values were 0.998 for dibenzothiophenes, 0.995 for benzothiophenes, and 0.991 for benzo[b]naphtha[2,1‐d]thiophene and benzo[b]naphtha[1,2‐d]thiophene, lower than for homologous series. Our approach represents a simple strategy for the prediction of experimental retention indices values without the need for state‐of‐the‐art technology.
Performance of fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity for prediction of anemia in untransfused and transfused fetuses: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Martinez‐Portilla R. J. , Lopez‐Felix J. , Hawkins‐Villareal A. , Villafan‐Bernal J. R. , Paz y Miño F. , Figueras F. , Borrell A. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) ≥ 1.5 multiples of the median (MoM) for the prediction of moderate–severe anemia, in untransfused and transfused fetuses.MethodsA systematic search was performed to identify relevant observational studies reported in the period 2008–2018 that evaluated the performance of MCA‐PSV, using a threshold of 1.5 MoM for the prediction of fetal anemia. Diagnosis of fetal anemia by blood sampling was the reference standard. A hierarchical summary receiver–operating characteristics (hSROC) curve was constructed using random‐effects modeling. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses, according to the number of previous intrauterine transfusions, were performed.ResultsTwelve studies and 696 fetuses were included in the meta‐analysis. The area under the hSROC curve (AUC) for moderate–severe anemia was 83%. Pooled sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) were 79% (70–86%) and 73% (62–82%), respectively, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 2.94 (95% CI, 2.13–4.00) and 0.272 (95% CI, 0.188–0.371). When considering only untransfused fetuses, prediction improved, achieving an AUC of 87%, sensitivity of 86% (95% CI, 75–93%) and specificity of 71% (95% CI, 49–87%). A decline in sensitivity for the prediction of moderate–severe anemia by MCA‐PSV ≥1.5 MoM was observed (estimate, –5.5% (95% CI, –10.7 to –0.3%), P = 0.039) as the number of previous transfusions increased.ConclusionsMCA‐PSV ≥ 1.5 MoM for the prediction of moderate–severe anemia in untransfused fetuses shows moderate accuracy (86% sensitivity and 71% specificity), which declines with increasing number of intrauterine transfusions. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Between sea and river: Water in medieval Scandinavian towns
Authors: Poulsen Bjørn , Gundersen Olav E. 
Published: April 2019

The general climate and topography of medieval Scandinavia, with high levels of rainfall and snow on a yearly basis, combined with an abundance of lakes, rivers, and smaller streams, meant that freshwater was easily available for most people. In this paper, we present an overview of how people interacted with water—both freshwater and salt water—in medieval (ca. 1050–ca. 1500) Scandinavia's towns. By describing how the supply of freshwater was organized and what it was used for, how shipping and fishing was regulated, and the use and impact of watermills, we are able to identify some actors and attempt to discern their motivation when they engaged in a wide range of activities involving both fresh and salt water in medieval Scandinavia. We argue that understanding water and water management in medieval Scandinavia necessitates a different approach compared to more arid regions, an approach which considers water as simply one resource among many, deeply embedded in a wider economic web.This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > Planning WaterHuman Water > Water GovernanceHuman Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
A survey on association rules mining using heuristics
Authors: Ghafari Seyed Mohssen , Tjortjis Christos 
Published: April 2019

Association rule mining (ARM) is a commonly encountred data mining method. There are many approaches to mining frequent rules and patterns from a database and one among them is heuristics. Many heuristic approaches have been proposed but, to the best of our knowledge, there is no comprehensive literature review on such approaches, yet with only a limited attempt. This gap needs to be filled. This paper reviews heuristic approaches to ARM and points out their most significant strengths and weaknesses. We propose eight performance metrics, such as execution time, memory consumption, completeness, and interestingness, we compare approaches against these performance metrics and discuss our findings. For instance, comparison results indicate that SRmining, PMES, Ant‐ARM, and MDS‐H are the fastest heuristic ARM algorithms. HSBO‐TS is the most complete one, while SRmining and ACS require only one database scan. In addition, we propose a parameter, named GT‐Rank for ranking heuristic ARM approaches, and based on that, ARMGA, ASC, and Kua emerge as the best approaches. We also consider ARM algorithms and their characteristics as transactions and items in a transactional database, respectively, and generate association rules that indicate research trends in this area.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Association Rules
Technologies > Association Rules
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data Mining
Integration of target discovery, drug discovery and drug delivery: A review on computational strategies
Authors: Duarte Yorley , Márquez‐Miranda Valeria , Miossec Matthieu J. , González‐Nilo Fernando 
Published: April 2019

Most of the computational tools involved in drug discovery developed during the 1980s were largely based on computational chemistry, quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) and cheminformatics. Subsequently, the advent of genomics in the 2000s gave rise to a huge number of databases and computational tools developed to analyze large quantities of data, through bioinformatics, to obtain valuable information about the genomic regulation of different organisms. Target identification and validation is a long process during which evidence for and against a target is accumulated in the pursuit of developing new drugs. Finally, the drug delivery system appears as a novel approach to improve drug targeting and releasing into the cells, leading to new opportunities to improve drug efficiency and avoid potential secondary effects. In each area: target discovery, drug discovery and drug delivery, different computational strategies are being developed to accelerate the process of selection and discovery of new tools to be applied to different scientific fields. Research on these three topics is growing rapidly, but still requires a global view of this landscape to detect the most challenging bottleneck and how computational tools could be integrated in each topic. This review describes the current state of the art in computational strategies for target discovery, drug discovery and drug delivery and how these fields could be integrated. Finally, we will discuss about the current needs in these fields and how the continuous development of databases and computational tools will impact on the improvement of those areas.This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Spatial variations of Sr–Nd isotopic ratios, mineralogical and elemental compositions of cryoconite in an Alaskan glacier
Authors: Nagatsuka Naoko , Takeuchi Nozomu , Shin Ki-Cheol , Nakano Takanori 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTTo understand the geological origins of minerals in cryoconite and the nutrients sources for microbes on glaciers, we analyzed the Sr–Nd isotopic ratios of the four mineral fractions in cryoconites including saline, carbonate, phosphate, silicate and the organic fraction obtained from Gulkana Glacier in Alaska. The isotopes in the silicate mineral fraction exhibited spatial variation within the glacier (87Sr/86Sr: 0.704533–0.709563,εNd (0): −16.0 to 0.5), which can be explained by the different mixing ratios of the two distinct sources: one of the sources is lateral and terminal moraines or soil, and the other is the medial moraine of the glacier. The minerals in the cryoconite at the lower sites in the glacier are likely derived from the former source, whereas those at the upper sites are from latter sources. The mineralogical and elemental compositions also support mixing of the silicate minerals from the two local sources. The Sr isotopic ratios of the organic fraction also showed spatial variation on the glacier in the middle sites – a trend similar to those of the phosphate fraction. The results suggest that the organic matter is mostly the byproducts of microbes using the phosphate minerals as a nutrient source.
The Full Picture: Preliminary Examinations at the International Criminal Court
Authors: WHARTON SARA , GREY ROSEMARY 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe International Criminal Court’s (ICC) Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) has described the preliminary examination as one of its “three core activities,” alongside investigating and prosecuting crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Rome Statute). Honing in on this once-mysterious “core activity,” this article contributes to the recently expanding literature on preliminary examinations at the ICC by providing a much needed comprehensive picture of all preliminary examinations conducted to date. The twentieth anniversary of the court’s founding treaty, the Rome Statute, provides a timely opportunity for this review as part of the broader effort to take stock of the ICC’s achievements, failures, and future. The article demonstrates that, despite not having full investigatory powers at the preliminary examination stage, the OTP is very active during this phase. It interacts with a wide range of domestic and international actors and makes decisions on important legal issues that go to the heart of the ICC’s work. Paying close attention to preliminary examinations is therefore critical to understanding the OTP’s work, to understanding which actors engage with, and seek to “use,” the ICC, and to understanding important debates about the ICC’s legitimacy.
Predicting psychogenic non-epileptic seizures from serum levels of neuropeptide Y and adrenocorticotropic hormone
Authors: Miani Alessandro , Pedersen Anders Sune , Rask Charlotte Ulrikka , Uber-Zak Lori , Zak Paul J. , Winterdahl Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivePatients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) may present with convulsive events that are not accompanied by epileptiform brain activity. Video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is the gold standard for diagnosis, yet not all patients experience convulsive episodes during video-EEG sessions. Hence, we aimed to construct a predictive model in order to detect PNES from serum hormone levels, detached from an evaluation of patients’ convulsive episodes.MethodsFifteen female patients with PNES and 60 healthy female controls participated in the study, providing blood samples for hormone analysis. A binomial logistic regression model and the leave-one-out cross-validation were employed.ResultsWe found that levels of neuropeptide Y and adrenocorticotropic hormone were the optimal combination of predictors, with over 90% accuracy (area under the curve=0.980).ConclusionsThe ability to diagnose PNES irrespective of convulsive events would represent an important step considering its feasibility and affordability in daily clinical practice.
Past human populations and landscapes in the Fuegian Archipelago, southernmost South America
Authors: Ozán Ivana Laura , Pallo María Cecilia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis contribution discusses possible relationships between human populations and Holocene environmental deterioration phenomena (cold/arid pulses and volcanic eruptions) in the Fuegian Archipelago (South America), based on summed probability distributions of archaeological dates, paleoenvironmental information, geospatial data, and archaeological evidence. During the first millennia after peopling, only the Hudson (ca. 7700 cal yr BP) and the first Monte Burney (ca. 8600 cal yr BP) eruptions might have played a role in human dispersion. Particularly, a more intense human occupation around the Beagle Channel and long-distance interactions are proposed as risk-buffer strategies related to the Hudson eruption. A cooling phase and a demographic growth at ca. 5500 cal yr BP might have favored more dispersed spatial occupations and a subsistence diversification in the Beagle Channel. In the northern steppes, the second Monte Burney eruption (ca. 4300 cal yr BP) and an arid episode (ca. 2600 cal yr BP) are proposed as the main triggers for changes in land-use patterns, long-network interactions, and subsistence strategies. Even though occupation changes in the Fuegian Archipelago coexist with environmental deterioration episodes after 1500 cal yr BP, demographic processes and the European colonization most likely explain this trend. Similarities between the steppe/ecotone and forest occupation curves suggest common behavioral patterns across the Holocene.
Discovery of mutations in Chenopodium quinoa Willd through EMS mutagenesis and mutation screening using pre-selection phenotypic data and next-generation sequencing
Authors: Mestanza Camilo , Riegel Ricardo , Vásquez Santiago C. , Veliz Diana , Cruz-Rosero Nicolás , Canchignia Hayron , Silva Herman 
Published: April 2019

AbstractQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld) is a dicotyledonous annual species belonging to the family Amaranthaceae, which is nutritionally well balanced in terms of its oil, protein and carbohydrate content. Targeting-induced local lesions in genomes (the TILLING strategy) was employed to find mutations in acetolactate synthase (AHAS) genes in a mutant quinoa population. TheAHASgenes were targeted because they are common enzyme target sites for five herbicide groups. Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) was used to induce mutations in theAHASgenes; it was found that 2% EMS allowed a mutation frequency of one mutation every 203 kilobases to be established. In the mutant population created, a screening strategy using pre-selection phenotypic data and next-generation sequencing (NGS) allowed identification of a mutation that alters the amino acid composition of this species (nucleotide 1231 codon GTT→ATT, Val→Ile); however, this mutation did not result in herbicide resistance. The current work shows that TILLING combined with the high-throughput of NGS technologies and an overlapping pool design provides an efficient and economical method for detecting induced mutations in pools of individuals.
Detection of quantitative trait loci for wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) heading and flowering date
Authors: Zhao C. H. , Sun H. , Liu C. , Yang G. M. , Liu X. J. , Wang Y. P. , Lv F. X. , Wu C. Y. , Xu J. W. , Wu Y. Z. , Cui F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHeading date (HD) and flowering date (FD) are critical for yield potential and stability, so understanding their genetic foundation is of great significance in wheat breeding. Three related recombinant inbred line populations with a common female parent were developed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for HD and FD in four environments. In total, 25 putative additive QTL and 20 pairwise epistatic effect QTL were detected in four environments. The additive QTL were distributed across 17 wheat chromosomes. Of these,QHd-1A,QHd-1D,QHd-2B,QHd-3B,QHd-4A,QHd-4BandQHd-6Dwere major and stable QTL for HD.QFd-1A,QFd-2B,QFd-4AandQFd-4Bwere major and stable QTL for FD. In addition, an epistatic interaction test showed that epistasis played important roles in controlling wheat HD and FD. Genetic relationships between HD/FD and five yield-related traits (YRTs) were characterized and ten QTL clusters (C1–C10) simultaneously controlling YRTs and HD/FD were identified. The present work laid a genetic foundation for improving yield potential in wheat molecular breeding programmes.