bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MERS‐CoV, influenza and other respiratory viruses among symptomatic pilgrims during 2014 Hajj season
Authors: Hashem Anwar M. , Al‐Subhi Tagreed L. , Badroon Nassrin A. , Hassan Ahmed M. , Bajrai Leena Hussein M. , Banassir Talib M. , Alquthami Khalid M. , Azhar Esam I. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMore than two million Muslims visit Makkah, Saudi Arabia, annually to perform the religious rituals of Hajj where the risk of spreading respiratory infections is very common. The aim here was to screen symptomatic pilgrims for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) and other viral etiologies. Thus, 132 nasopharyngeal samples were collected from pilgrims presenting with acute respiratory symptoms at the healthcare facilities in the holy sites during the 5 days of the 2014 Hajj season. Samples were tested using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions and microarray. Demographic data including age, sex, and country of origin were obtained for all participants. While we did not detect MERS‐CoV in any of the samples, several other viruses were detected in 50.8% of the cases. Among the detected viruses, 64.2% of the cases were due to a single‐virus infection and 35.8% were due to the coinfections with up to four viruses. The most common respiratory virus was influenza A, followed by non‐MERS human coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, and influenza B. Together, we found that it was not MERS‐CoV but other respiratory viruses that caused acute respiratory symptoms among pilgrims. The observed high prevalence of influenza viruses underscores the need for more effective surveillance during the Hajj and adoption of stringent vaccination requirements from all pilgrims.
External relational attributions: Attributing cause to others' relationships
Authors: Carson Jack 
Published: February 2019

SummaryI present an attributional approach to understanding how people perceive and respond to the effects of others' relationships in the workplace by suggesting that people perceive others' relationships to be causal sources of workplace outcomes. Specifically, I suggest that individuals' responses to negative outcomes at work can be better understood by differentiating between two types of external attributional explanations: external relational attributions and external nonrelational attributions. This research focuses on the conceptual development of external relational attributions, which are defined as those attributional explanations made for outcomes or behaviors experienced or observed by a focal individual that locate the cause of an outcome within the relationship between two others (people, groups, organizations, or any combination), not including the focal individual. Further, I propose situational antecedents and behavioral outcomes of external relational attributions, with an emphasis on individuals' behaviors toward others' relationships. Lastly, I highlight the advantages of considering the role of others' relationships when applying attribution theory to a variety of organizational phenomena and present directions for future research.
Standardization of relative centrifugal forces in studies related to platelet‐rich fibrin
Authors: Miron Richard J. , Pinto Nelson R. , Quirynen Marc , Ghanaati Shahram 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPlatelet‐rich fibrin (PRF), a second‐generation platelet concentrate, has been the focus of intensive research endeavors over the past 2 decades. Over the years, however, numerous reports have inaccurately reported relative centrifugal force (RCF) values, which has caused considerable confusion in the field. Furthermore, the use of trade names such as leukocyte and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) and advanced platelet‐rich fibrin (A‐PRF) has further confused many readers, since studies have not always used centrifugation parameters with equal rotor sizes, angulation of tubes, and/or tube design. This has led to considerable misperception in the report of relative centrifugal force. Herein is described necessary parameters pivotal for the future report of RCF in studies related to PRF, which include: 1) dimensions of the rotor (radius at the clot and end of the tube); 2) rotor angulation for the tube holder; 3) revolutions per minute (RPM) and time; 4) RCF value calculated at either the RCF‐minimum, RCF‐clot, or RCF‐maximum; 5) composition and size of tubes used to produce PRF; and 6) centrifugation model used. This editorial aims to minimize confusion in the field and create more transparent research reporting RCF values in future studies.
Effects of orange essential oil on intestinal microflora in mice
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Yan , Fan Gang , Ren Jing‐Nan , Zhang Lu‐Lu , Pan Si‐Yi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe intestinal microbiota has a wide variety of functions in the host. A positive effect of plant extract on intestinal microbiota in animals has been reported. However, the effect of orange essential oil and its components limonene, linalool and citral on intestinal microflora in mice has seldom been reported. The effects of intragastric administration of orange essential oil and limonene, linalool and citral on intestinal microflora and biochemical indexes in mice were studied.RESULTSThe effect of essential oil, linalool and citral on immune organ index (spleen and thymus index), IgM and IL‐2 was not significant (P > 0.05). A significant increase (P < 0.05) of H+K+‐ATPase activity, IgA, IgG, and IL‐2 in the limonene group was observed when compared with the control group. Orange essential oil, limonene, linalool and citral could significantly reduce the content of short‐chain fatty acids in the cecum and colon of mice. Principal coordinates analysis showed that intestinal bacterial structure of limonene group cecum and colon was apparently separated from other groups. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in cecum and colon in essential oil, limonene, linalool and citral groups was higher than that in the control group.CONCLUSIONSOrange essential oil and limonene, linalool and citral could affect the intestinal microflora of mice, and enhance the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. The intestinal bacterial structure of cecum and colon in the limonene group was quite different from other groups. This indicated a more obvious effect of limonene on intestinal bacteria, also resulting in significant changes in blood immune index and short‐chain fatty acids in mice. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Resource limitation determines temperature response of unicellular plankton communities
Authors: Serra‐Pompei Camila , Hagstrom George I. , Visser André W. , Andersen Ken H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA warmer ocean will change plankton physiological rates, alter plankton community composition, and in turn affect ecosystem functions, such as primary production, recycling, and carbon export. To predict how temperature changes affect plankton community dynamics and function, we developed a mechanistic trait‐based model of unicellular plankton (auto‐hetero‐mixotrophic protists and bacteria). Temperature dependencies are specifically implemented on cellular process rather than at the species level. As the uptake of resources and metabolic processes have different temperature dependencies, changes in the thermal environment will favor organisms with different investments in processes such as photosynthesis and biosynthesis. The precise level of investments, however, is conditional on the limiting process and is ultimately determined dynamically by competition and predation within the emergent community of the water column. We show how an increase in temperature can intensify nutrient limitation by altering organisms' interactions, and reduce relative cell‐size in the community. Further, we anticipate that a combination of temperature and resource limitation reduces ecosystem efficiency at capturing carbon due to strengthening of the microbial loop. By explicitly representing the effects of temperature on traits responsible for growth, we demonstrate how changes on the individual level can be scaled up to trends at the ecosystem level, helping to discern direct from indirect effects of temperature on natural plankton communities.
Violet Emission of ALD‐Grown ZnO Nanostructures on Confined Polymer Films: Defect Origins and Emission Control via Interface Engineering Based on Confinement of the Bottom Polymer Template
Authors: Mathur Aakash , Pal Dipayan , Singh Ajaib , Sengupta Amartya , Singh Rinki , Chattopadhyay Sudeshna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractZnO thin films on polymer templates (polystyrene, PST) show strong influence of the interface via degree of confinement of the bottom polymer template in introducing the controlled defect levels in the ZnO nanostructures and consequently yield significant variation at room temperature photoluminescence (PL). The thickness of the polymer thin film in terms of its radius of gyration (R
g) defines the degree of confinement of PST. Simultaneous growth of ZnO thin films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with 150 cycles at 35 °C on spin‐coated polystyrene (PS) films of different thicknesses forms sets of ZnO/PST hybrid systems. The ZnO thin film exhibits a distinct/unusual violet emission (2.95 eV) along with the common near‐band‐edge and green emissions, when it grows on 6.5R
g PST. Such defect‐induced emissions disappear with increasing degree of confinement of the bottom PST from 6.5R
g to 1.5R
g, and sharper UV peak dominates the PL spectra along with a prominent redshift in near‐band‐edge. Furthermore, with increasing film thickness of the bottom PST template from 1.5R
g to 6.5R
g, the ALD growth rate of ZnO increases by 25%. The study offers new insights into the research on opto‐electronic applications of ZnO thin films in the emerging field of organic electronics.
Thermal Degradation Behavior and Kinetics of 3D Porous Polycarbonate Monoliths
Authors: Feng Yuezhan , Li Zhaoyang , Wang Yingke , Chen Weiwei , Wang Bo , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe thermal degradation behavior and kinetics are important to understand the nature of polymers. In this work, the thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of polycarbonate (PC) monoliths with a three dimension (3D) continuous interconnected porous structure is investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the thermal stability of the PC monoliths shows a significant reduction compared to pristine PC due to its 3D porous structure, which drastically increases the heating surface area during the thermal degradation process. An interesting second degradation stage at 480–550 °C is observed for PC monoliths from the barrier effect formed by the collapse and coalescence of the porous structure at high temperature, which is further confirmed by volatile and solid char analyses. The kinetic analysis suggests that the PC monolith shows a low degradation activation energy (Eα
) at the first degradation stage, which increases rapidly and goes beyond the Eα
of pristine PC at the second degradation stage.
Ideal Polymer‐LC Composite Structure for Terahertz Phase Shifters
Authors: Inoue Yo , Kubo Hitoshi , Shikada Tateaki , Moritake Hiroshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn ideal polymer/liquid crystal (LC) composite structure for terahertz phase shifters is proposed, and the fabrication method of the ideal structure using polymerization induced phase separation is reported. The ideal structure consists of four significant factors: i) the polymer structure surrounds LC droplets like polymer dispersed liquid crystals; ii) the size of the LC droplets is on the order of micrometers; iii) the polymer concentration is much lower than LC concentration like polymer‐stabilized liquid crystals; and iv) the nematic director both within and among the LC droplets has the same orientation. Such a structure is fabricated by photopolymerizing a nematic LC doped with 7 wt% mesogenic monomer under a critical temperature slightly lower than the clearing point of the LC mixture. The polymer/LC composite demonstrates both a short decay response time of 80 ms and a phase shift of 30° for terahertz wave at a frequency of 0.4 THz. Additionally, the transmission loss of the composite for the terahertz wave is discussed.
Tools and Methods Used for the Assessment of Body Composition in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Calella Patrizia , Valerio Giuliana , Brodlie Malcolm , Taylor Jake , Donini Lorenzo Maria , Siervo Mario 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by changes in fat mass and lean body mass that may have important prognostic value. We aim to appraise the type and frequency of application of body composition (BC) methods in child and adult patients with CF.MethodsWe used 4 databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to perform the literature search. The search was conducted from January 2017 to February 2017. Two independent reviewers selected articles based on titles and abstracts to check eligibility for inclusion. All study designs or types of articles (abstract, full text) were considered.ResultsEighty‐four full‐text articles and 40 studies presented only as abstracts were selected. Sixty‐four studies included children and adolescents (age range of 0.1–18 years), and 41 studies recruited adults (range of 18–57 years); 13 studies included both age groups. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used in 56 studies (33.9%), and bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) was used in 12 studies (9.7%), whereas 38 studies (30.6%) combined different methods (up to 5 different methods) to assess BC.ConclusionsThe results show a large variability in the application of BC methods in patients with CF that makes the comparison between studies difficult. The only methods with a sufficient body of literature are DXA and BIA.
Project GOLD: A pilot randomized controlled trial of a novel psychoeducational HIV/STI prevention intervention for heterosexually‐active black youth
Authors: Brawner Bridgette M. , Jemmott Loretta Sweet , Wingood Gina , Lozano Alicia J. , Hanlon Alexandra L. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBlack youth account for the largest number of new HIV infections among heterosexual youth. Mental illness and difficulties in emotion regulation contribute to increased reports of HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk‐related sexual behaviors in this group. Yet limited interventions exist to address this affective component of the sexual decision‐making process. The purpose of this paper was to describe the trial design, research challenges, and baseline characteristics from a study designed to fill this gap. Project GOLD was a pilot randomized controlled trial of a psychoeducational HIV/STI prevention intervention designed to address the role of mental illness and emotion regulation in HIV/STI risk among heterosexually‐active Black youth aged 14 to 17 (N = 108). Challenges encountered in the research process warrant further attention in future research (e.g., disagreement among the regulatory bodies on parental permission requirements). The most common mental health diagnoses were Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (15.7%) and current substance abuse (7.4%). Participants reported higher levels of emotional suppression, and adaptive methods of emotion management, than culturally inappropriate expressions of anger or sadness. They also reported a mean age of 13.6 at first vaginal sex, used condoms 66% of the time for vaginal sex, and had an average of three sexual partners in the past 6 months. More than one‐quarter (26.9%) had sex with more than one person in the same day. These findings indicate intervention is crucial for this population. The forthcoming trial evaluation will indicate the promise of such interventions in reducing HIV/STI infections in this key population.
Sustaining eHealth engagement in a multi‐year weight gain prevention intervention
Authors: Tate D. F. , Crane M. M. , Espeland M. A. , Gorin A. A. , LaRose J. G. , Wing R. R. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIntroductionDigital tools are widely used and effective in weight management interventions; however, usage declines over time. Strategies to promote continued engagement should be explored. We examined the effects of offering additional modes of weight reporting as well as periodic online campaigns to promote engagement, assessed by frequency of weight reporting, in a weight gain prevention study for young adults.MethodsUsing an observational design, self‐reported weights obtained through digital tools were pooled across participants assigned to two interventions (n = 312). Analysis examined the effects before during and after introduction of an additional reporting modality (email) and for three time‐limited refresher campaigns over 2 years.ResultsAdding a new modality to the three existing modes (SMS, web, and mobile web) increased weight reporting as well as the number of modalities participants used to report weights. The use of several modes of reporting was associated with more weights submitted (p < 0.01). Refresher campaigns did not increase the proportion of participants reporting; however, the number of weights submitted during the 4‐week campaigns increased compared with the 4 weeks before the campaign (p's ≥ 0.45, <0.001, respectively).ConclusionUsing multiple digital modalities and periodic campaigns shows promise for sustaining engagement with weight reporting in a young adult population, and incorporating such strategies may mitigate typical declines in eHealth and mHealth interventions.
Physical Function and Pre‐Amputation Characteristics Explain Daily Step Count after Dysvascular Amputation
Authors: Miller Matthew J. , Cook Paul F. , Kline Paul W. , Anderson Chelsey B. , Stevens‐Lapsley Jennifer E. , Christiansen Cory L. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundPeople with dysvascular lower limb amputation (LLA) achieve one‐third of the recommended steps per day and experience severe disability. Although physical function improves with rehabilitation after dysvascular LLA, physical activity remains largely unchanged, and factors contributing to limited daily step count are unknown.ObjectivesTo identify factors that contribute to daily step count after dysvascular LLA.DesignCross‐sectional, secondary data analysis.SettingOutpatient rehabilitation facilities.ParticipantsFifty‐eight patients with dysvascular major LLA (age: 64 ± 9 years, body mass index: 30 ± 8 kg/m2, male: 95%, transtibial LLA: 95%).MethodsData were collected by a blinded assessor after dysvascular LLA. Candidate explanatory variables included (1) demographics, (2) LLA characteristics, (3) comorbidities and health behaviors, and (4) physical function. Variables with univariate associations with log steps/day (transformed due to non‐normality) were included in a multiple linear regression model using backward elimination to identify factors that explained significant variability in log steps/day.Primary Outcome MeasureThe primary outcome, daily step count, was measured with accelerometer‐based activity monitors worn by participants for 10 days.ResultsParticipants took an average (± SD) of 1450 ± 1309 steps/day. After backward elimination, the final model included four variables explaining 62% of the overall daily step count (P < .0001): 2‐minute walk distance (32%), assistive device use (11%), cardiovascular disease (10%), and pre‐amputation walking time (11%).ConclusionsAverage daily step count of 1450 steps/day reflects the lowest category of sedentary behavior. Physical function, cardiovascular disease, and pre‐amputation walking time explain 62% of daily step count after dysvascular LLA. Although physical rehabilitation commonly focuses on improving physical function, interventions to increase daily step count after dysvascular LLA should also consider chronic disease and health behaviors that predate LLA.Level of EvidenceIII.
Physical Therapy–Based Exercise Protocol for Cancer Patients: Evaluating Outcomes for Cardiopulmonary Performance and Cancer‐Related Fatigue
Authors: Hutchison Nancy A. , Deval Nikita , Rabusch Stacey , Rich Holly , Kelley Tom , Flinn Nancy , Banerji Nilanjana 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundStudies have shown that rehabilitation and fitness throughout cancer treatment interventions have been linked to improved outcomes for morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. This study serves to detail the efficacy of the Cancer Rehabilitation Physical Therapy Fitness and Debility (Ca PT) Program in cancer patients.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical population of cancer patients referred to the Ca PT Program and evaluate the efficacy of the program's therapy protocol in improving cardiopulmonary performance and cancer‐related fatigue and pain.DesignRetrospective study.SettingOutpatient clinics.PatientsOne hundred two adults who had been referred from a variety of referral sources and supervised individualized exercise programs.MethodsParticipation in the Ca PT Program.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe primary outcome measure was a change in baseline‐to‐discharge scores in the 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT), a cardiopulmonary performance measure. The secondary measures were changes in baseline‐to‐discharge scores of cancer‐related fatigue and general pain, measured by patient self‐report using a visual analogue scale.Results6MWT values were significantly higher at discharge (mean 523 yards) than at baseline (mean 436), (P < .001, r = 0.57). Ninety‐two percent of cases showed improvement and 58% of cases had a change on the 6MWT that met threshold for minimal important difference. Quality of life factors, fatigue (P < .001) and pain (P < .001) also significantly improved.ConclusionsThe results indicate the Ca PT Program yields significant improvement in cardiovascular fitness, fatigue, and pain in people with cancer history. Personalized physical therapy fitness programs for individuals recovering from cancer treatment should be a standard component of cancer intervention.Level of EvidenceIII