bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide attempts in eating disorder subtypes: a meta-analysis of the literature employing DSM-IV, DSM-5, or ICD-10 diagnostic criteria
Authors: Mandelli Laura , Arminio Angelo , Atti Anna-Rita , De Ronchi Diana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundQuantification of suicidal risk in specific populations is important for the adoption of targeted prevention and harm reduction measures. Though there remains little systematic evidence, risk of suicide attempts for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-purging anorexia nervosa (AN-bp) appears higher than restrictive AN (AN-r); risk in binge eating disorder (BED) is still unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare proportions of suicide attempts in eating disorder (ED) subgroups.MethodsA literature search using combinations of key-words for ED and suicide attempts was performed. Studies reporting proportions of suicide attempters in at least two ED groups, diagnosed according to DSM-IV or -5 and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria were considered. ED subgroups were analyzed in pairs using a binary random effect model for proportions. Publication bias, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsIn BN, attempted suicide was more frequent (21%) than in AN (12.5%), but the difference was statistically significant only when BN was compared with AN-r (9–10%). In BED, the proportion of suicide attempts was as high as in AN (10–12%).ConclusionsThough limited by heterogeneity across the studies in terms of methodology and aims, inability to control for relevant confounding variables, exclusion of ED not otherwise specified, this study supports suicide attempts as a major issue in EDs, especially in binge-purging subtypes, i.e. BN and AN-bp. Similar suicidal proportions were observed in AN and BED. The reasons for a greater proportion of attempted suicide in binge/purging subtypes need to be explored in future studies.
A Systematic Design Selection Methodology for System-Optimal Compliant Actuation
Authors: Kamadan Abdullah , Kiziltas Gullu , Patoglu Volkan 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis work presents a systematic design selection methodology that utilizes a co-design strategy for system-level optimization of compliantly actuated robots that are known for their advantages over robotic systems driven by rigid actuators. The introduced methodology facilitates a decision-making strategy that is instrumental in making selections among system-optimal robot designs actuated by various degrees of variable or fixed compliance. While the simultaneous co-design method that is utilized throughout guarantees systems performing at their full potential, a homotopy technique is used to maintain integrity via generation of a continuum of robot designs actuated with varying degrees of variable and fixed compliance. Fairness of the selection methodology is ensured via utilization of common underlying (variable) compliant actuation principle and dynamical task requirements throughout the generated system designs. The direct consequence of the developed methodology is that it allows robot designers make informed selections among a variety of systems which are guaranteed to perform at their best. Applicability of the introduced methodology has been validated using a case study for system-optimal design of an active knee prosthesis that is driven by a mechanically adjustable compliance and controllable equilibrium position actuator (MACCEPA) under a periodic/real-life dynamical task.
Women, law and legal intervention in early modern Portugal
Authors: Abreu-Ferreira Darlene 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEarly modern Portuguese women had the legal right to engage in a number of official transactions, including granting and receiving sureties and powers of attorney. This was not the case for women in many other parts of western Europe, making the Portuguese example worthy of scrutiny for comparative purposes. This article looks at the unique position of women in early modern Portugal, and shows that upon close examination of the archival sources, the evidence points to a significant gap between women's legal rights and the cultural limitations that were imposed on women.
At-sea distribution and habitat of breeding Japanese Murrelets Synthliboramphus wumizusume: implications for conservation management
Authors: MILLER MARK G. R. , YAMAMOTO YUTAKA , SATO MAYUMI , LASCELLES BEN , NAKAMURA YUTAKA , SATO HITOSHI , ANDO YASUHIRO , EZAKI ITSURO , TAYLOR PHIL , MORI SHIGEAKI , HAYAMA SEIJI , KOBAYASHI YUTAKA 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe Japanese Murrelet Synthliboramphus wumizusume is a rare, globally ‘Vulnerable’ seabird, endemic to Japan and South Korea. However, little is known of its at-sea distribution, habitat or threats. We conducted several years of at-sea surveys around Japan to model Japanese Murrelet density in relation to habitat parameters, and make spatial predictions to assess the adequacy of the current Japanese marine Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) network for the species. During a five-year period, 3,485 km of at-sea surveys recorded 3,161 Japanese Murrelets around four breeding locations. Maximum murrelet group size was 90 individuals with a mean group size of 2.9 ± 4.2 individuals. Models of Japanese Murrelet at-sea density around the two largest breeding locations predicted that almost all murrelets occur within 30 km of the breeding colony and most within 10 km. Murrelets were predicted closer to the colony in May than in April and closer to the colony at a neritic colony than at an offshore island colony. Additionally, murrelets breeding on an offshore island colony also commuted to mainland neritic habitat for foraging. The marine habitat used by Japanese Murrelets differed between each of the four surveyed colonies, however oceanographic variables offered little explanatory power in models. Models with colony, month and year generated four foraging radii (9–39 km wide) containing murrelet densities of &gt; 0.5 birds/km2. Using these radii the Japanese marine IBA network was found to capture between 95% and 25% of Japanese Murrelet at-sea habitat while breeding and appears appropriately configured to protect near-colony murrelet distributions. Given the range of marine habitats that breeding murrelets inhabit, our simple models offer an applicable method for predicting to unsampled colonies and generating ecologically-informed seaward extension radii. However, data on colony populations and further at-sea surveys are necessary to refine models and improve predictions.
‘Who Is British Music?’ Placing Migrants in National Music History
Authors: SCHEDING FLORIAN 
Published: November 2018

In 2013, trucks and vans were driving across London, bearing the message ‘In the UK illegally? Go home or face arrest.’ These mobile billboards declared the number of arrests that had taken place ‘in your area’ in the previous week and provided a number to which people could text the message ‘HOME’ to initiate voluntary repatriation. In 2016, Theresa May, who had organised this scheme as home secretary, became prime minister, following the upheaval caused by the country's plebiscite to leave the European Union. One of the main strands of argument of the successful ‘Brexit’ campaign centred on the ‘deep public anxiety . . . about uncontrolled immigration’ and promised to reduce numbers of immigrants to the country. This desire to control the nation's borders continued to dominate the official soundscape of Britain's government. At the 2016 annual Tory conference, May endeavoured to draw clear lines on issues of belonging, territory, citizenship, and the fuzzy notion of British values, discursively excluding not only migrants, but also anyone with an international(ist) outlook from the national debate: ‘If you believe you are a citizen of the world’, she posited, ‘you are a citizen of nowhere.’
Spatiotemporal Variability in the Climate Growth Response of High Elevation Bristlecone Pine in the White Mountains of California
Authors: Bunn Andrew G. , Salzer Matthew W. , Anchukaitis Kevin J. , Bruening Jamis M. , Hughes Malcolm K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTree‐ring chronologies from bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) are a unique proxy used to understand climate variability over the middle to late Holocene. The annual rings from trees growing toward the species' lower elevational range are sensitive to precipitation variability. Interpretation of the ring‐width signal at the upper forest border has been more difficult. We evaluate differences in climate induced by topography (topoclimate) to better understand the dual signals of temperature and moisture. We unmix signals from trees growing at and near the upper forest border based on the seasonal mean temperature (SMT) experienced by each tree. We find that trees growing in exposures with SMT <7.5 ∘C are limited by temperature, while trees with SMT > 7.5 ∘C are limited by moisture. We demonstrate this independently through analysis of growth in the frequency and time domains and using a process model of xylogenesis. Furthermore, we identify increasing moisture sensitivity in trees formerly limited by temperature.
The Implications for Radiative Cloud Forcing via the Link Between Shallow Convection and Planetary Boundary Layer Mixing
Authors: Park R.‐S. , Kwon Y. C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, the role of shallow convection and its links with planetary boundary layer (PBL) mixing is analyzed using a global atmospheric model. All of the simulations are conducted with the Korean Integrated Model (KIM), which is a next‐generation operational global model for Korea Meteorological Administration. The simulation results show that the direct effect of shallow convection enhances additional vertical mixing inside the shallow convective layer, whereas its indirect effect reduces vertical mixing inside the PBL by changing the PBL height, thus vertical mixing strength. It is also found that the impact of shallow convection on low‐level clouds is tightly related to the overlapping between PBL and shallowing convection. When the PBL height is located in the higher (lower) part of the shallow convective layer, the mixing across the top of the PBL becomes smaller (larger). Therefore, the diffusivity profile of KIM shallow convection scheme is modified according to the overlapping pattern of PBL mixing and shallow convection. The systematic bias of downward solar radiation at the surface of KIM is improved with the revised diffusivity profile of the shallow convection scheme proposed in this study.
Benchmarking CME Arrival Time and Impact: Progress on Metadata, Metrics, and Events
Authors: Verbeke C. , Mays M. L. , Temmer M. , Bingham S. , Steenburgh R. , Dumbović M. , Núñez M. , Jian L. K. , Hess P. , Wiegand C. , Taktakishvili A. , Andries J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAccurate forecasting of the arrival time and subsequent geomagnetic impacts of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at Earth is an important objective for space weather forecasting agencies. Recently, the CME Arrival and Impact working team has made significant progress toward defining community‐agreed metrics and validation methods to assess the current state of CME modeling capabilities. This will allow the community to quantify our current capabilities and track progress in models over time. First, it is crucial that the community focuses on the collection of the necessary metadata for transparency and reproducibility of results. Concerning CME arrival and impact we have identified six different metadata types: 3‐D CME measurement, model description, model input, CME (non)arrival observation, model output data, and metrics and validation methods. Second, the working team has also identified a validation time period, where all events within the following two periods will be considered: 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2012 and January 2015 to 31 December 2015. Those two periods amount to a total of about 100 hit events at Earth and a large amount of misses. Considering a time period will remove any bias in selecting events and the event set will represent a sample set that will not be biased by user selection. Lastly, we have defined the basic metrics and skill scores that the CME Arrival and Impact working team will focus on.
Effect of age and autism spectrum disorder on oxytocin receptor density in the human basal forebrain and midbrain
Authors: Freeman Sara M. , Palumbo Michelle C. , Lawrence Rebecca H. , Smith Aaron L. , Goodman Mark M. , Bales Karen L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe prosocial hormone oxytocin (OXT) has become a new target for research on the etiology and treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a condition characterized by deficits in social function. However, it remains unknown whether there are alterations in OXT receptor (OXTR) levels in the ASD brain. This study quantified the density of OXTR and of the structurally related vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a) in postmortem brain tissue from individuals with ASD and typically developing individuals. We analyzed two regions known to contain OXTR across all primates studied to date: the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), which mediates visual attention, and the superior colliculus, which controls gaze direction. In the NBM specimens, we also analyzed the neighboring ventral pallidum (VP) and the external segment of the globus pallidus. In the superior colliculus specimens, we also analyzed the adjacent periaqueductal gray. We detected dense OXTR binding in the human NBM and VP and moderate to low OXTR binding in the human globus pallidus, superior colliculus, and periaqueductal gray. AVPR1a binding was negligible across all five regions in all specimens. Compared to controls, ASD specimens exhibited significantly higher OXTR binding in the NBM and significantly lower OXTR binding in the VP, an area in the mesolimbic reward pathway. There was no effect of ASD on OXTR binding in the globus pallidus, superior colliculus, or periaqueductal gray. We also found a significant negative correlation between age and OXTR binding in the VP across all specimens. Further analysis revealed a peak in OXTR binding in the VP in early childhood of typically developing individuals, which was absent in ASD. This pattern suggests a possible early life critical period, which is lacking in ASD, where this important reward area becomes maximally sensitive to OXT binding. These results provide unique neurobiological insight into human social development and the social symptoms of ASD.
Prebiotic plausibility and networks of paradox-resolving independent models
Authors: Benner Steven A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe plausibility of any model in science comes from the extent of its interconnections to other models that are grounded in different premises and reasoning. Focusing research on paradoxes in those models, logic whereby they appear to generate unacceptable conclusions from seemingly indisputable premises, helps find those interconnections.
A semi-supervised approach for predicting cell-type specific functional consequences of non-coding variation using MPRAs
Authors: He Zihuai , Liu Linxi , Wang Kai , Ionita-Laza Iuliana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPredicting the functional consequences of genetic variants in non-coding regions is a challenging problem. We propose here a semi-supervised approach, GenoNet, to jointly utilize experimentally confirmed regulatory variants (labeled variants), millions of unlabeled variants genome-wide, and more than a thousand cell/tissue type specific epigenetic annotations to predict functional consequences of non-coding variants. Through the application to several experimental datasets, we demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves prediction accuracy compared to existing functional prediction methods at the tissue/cell type level, but especially so at the organism level. Importantly, we illustrate how the GenoNet scores can help in fine-mapping at GWAS loci, and in the discovery of disease associated genes in sequencing studies. As more comprehensive lists of experimentally validated variants become available over the next few years, semi-supervised methods like GenoNet can be used to provide increasingly accurate functional predictions for variants genome-wide and across a variety of cell/tissue types.
Induction of immunosuppressive functions and NF-κB by FLIP in monocytes
Authors: Fiore Alessandra , Ugel Stefano , De Sanctis Francesco , Sandri Sara , Fracasso Giulio , Trovato Rosalinda , Sartoris Silvia , Solito Samantha , Mandruzzato Susanna , Vascotto Fulvia , Hippen Keli L. , Mondanelli Giada , Grohmann Ursula , Piro Geny , Carbone Carmine , Melisi Davide , Lawlor Rita T. , Scarpa Aldo , Lamolinara Alessia , Iezzi Manuela , Fassan Matteo , Bicciato Silvio , Blazar Bruce R. , Sahin Ugur , Murray Peter J. , Bronte Vincenzo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImmunosuppression is a hallmark of tumor progression, and treatments that inhibit or deplete monocytic myeloid-derived suppressive cells could promote anti-tumor immunity. c-FLIP is a central regulator of caspase-8-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis. Here we show that low-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy agents cause apoptosis linked to c-FLIP down-regulation selectively in monocytes. Enforced expression of c-FLIP or viral FLIP rescues monocytes from cytotoxicity and concurrently induces potent immunosuppressive activity, in T cell cultures and in vivo models of tumor progression and immunotherapy. FLIP-transduced human blood monocytes can suppress graft versus host disease. Neither expression of FLIP in granulocytes nor expression of other anti-apoptotic genes in monocytes conferred immunosuppression, suggesting that FLIP effects on immunosuppression are specific to monocytic lineage and distinct from death inhibition. Mechanistically, FLIP controls a broad transcriptional program, partially by NF-κB activation. Therefore, modulation of FLIP in monocytes offers a means to elicit or block immunosuppressive myeloid cells.
Calponin-3 is critical for coordinated contractility of actin stress fibers
Authors: Ciuba Katarzyna , Hawkes William , Tojkander Sari , Kogan Konstantin , Engel Ulrike , Iskratsch Thomas , Lappalainen Pekka 
Published: November 2018

AbstractContractile actomyosin bundles, stress fibers, contribute to morphogenesis, migration, and mechanosensing of non-muscle cells. In addition to actin and non-muscle myosin II (NMII), stress fibers contain a large array of proteins that control their assembly, turnover, and contractility. Calponin-3 (Cnn3) is an actin-binding protein that associates with stress fibers. However, whether Cnn3 promotes stress fiber assembly, or serves as either a positive or negative regulator of their contractility has remained obscure. Here, we applied U2OS osteosarcoma cells as a model system to study the function of Cnn3. We show that Cnn3 localizes to both NMII-containing contractile ventral stress fibers and transverse arcs, as well as to non-contractile dorsal stress fibers that do not contain NMII. Fluorescence-recovery-after-photobleaching experiments revealed that Cnn3 is a dynamic component of stress fibers. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and RNAi knockdown studies demonstrated that Cnn3 is not essential for stress fiber assembly. However, Cnn3 depletion resulted in increased and uncoordinated contractility of stress fibers that often led to breakage of individual actomyosin bundles within the stress fiber network. Collectively these results provide evidence that Cnn3 is dispensable for the assembly of actomyosin bundles, but that it is required for controlling proper contractility of the stress fiber network.
Graphene nanoplatelets as nanofillers in mesoporous silicon oxycarbide polymer derived ceramics
Authors: Sujith Ravindran , Chauhan Pawan Kumar , Gangadhar Jella , Maheshwari Ankur 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the role of graphene in the thermal stability and pore morphology of polymer derived silicon oxycarbide is crucial for electrochemical energy storage and hydrogen storage applications. Here in this work, we report the synthesis of graphene nanoplatelets dispersed silicon oxycarbide ceramics by the polymer to ceramic synthesis route. Samples containing graphene and without graphene are subjected to different pyrolysis conditions and are characterized using FT-IR, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, and BET. The results show that the graphene dispersed in the ceramic has undergone structural distortions upon pyrolysis and resulted in the formation of nanoclusters of graphene and turbostratic graphene. The XRD results confirm that with the incorporation of higher wt.% of GNP there is resistance to crystallization even at an exceedingly high pyrolysis temperature. The pores are bimodal in nature with specific surface area ranging between 22 and 70 m2/g and are generated in-situ during the polymer to ceramic conversion. Our study confirms that upon adjusting the graphene content it is possible to tune the structure and pore morphology of the polymer derived ceramics as per the requirements.
Generation of a highly efficient and tissue-specific tryptophan hydroxylase 1 knockout mouse model
Authors: Kim Hyeongseok , Kim Yeong Gi , Choi Wonsuk , Moon Joon Ho , Hwang Inseon , Kim Kyuho , Yadav Vijay K. , Karsenty Gerard , Jeong Ji-Seon , Kim Hail 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecent studies on tissue-autonomous serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) function have identified new roles for 5-HT in peripheral organs. Most of these studies were performed by crossing mice carrying the Tph1tm1Kry allele with tissue specific Cre mice. In the present study, we found that 5-HT production was not completely abolished in Tph1tm1Kry KO mice. The residual 5-HT production in Tph1tm1Kry KO mice is attributed to the expression of a truncated form of TPH1 containing the catalytic domain. Hence, in an effort to obtain mice with a Tph1 null phenotype, we generated mice harboring a new Tph1 floxed allele, Tph1tm1c, targeting exons 5 and 6 which encode the catalytic domain of TPH1. By crossing the new Tph1 floxed mice with villin-Cre or insulin-Cre mice, we observed near-complete ablation of 5-HT production in the intestine and β cells. In conclusion, this improved Tph1 floxed mouse model will serve as useful and accurate tool for analyzing peripheral 5-HT system.
Stable factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the whole peripartum period: Results from a Japanese prospective cohort study
Authors: Kubota Chika , Inada Toshiya , Nakamura Yukako , Shiino Tomoko , Ando Masahiko , Aleksic Branko , Yamauchi Aya , Morikawa Mako , Okada Takashi , Ohara Masako , Sato Maya , Murase Satomi , Goto Setsuko , Kanai Atsuko , Ozaki Norio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEarly detection of perinatal depression is an urgent issue. Our study aimed to examine the construct validity and factor structure of the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) from a prospective cohort study from pregnancy to postpartum. A total of 1075 women completed all items of the EPDS at four time points: early pregnancy, late pregnancy, 5 days postpartum and 1 month postpartum. The participants were randomly divided into two sample sets. The first sample set (n = 304) was used for exploratory factor analysis, and the second sample set (n = 771) was used for confirmatory factor analysis. As a result, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the EPDS items were 0.762, 0.740, 0.765 and 0.772 at the four time points. From the confirmatory factor analysis of the EPDS in a sample set of Japanese women from pregnancy to postpartum, the following three factors were detected: depression (items 7, 9), anxiety (items 4, 5) and anhedonia (items 1, 2). In conclusion, the EPDS is a useful rating scale, and its factor structure is consistently stable during the whole peripartum period.