bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KOMUNIKASI VIRTUAL MAHASISWA PRODI ILMU KOMUNIKASI UNIVERSITAS NUSA CENDANA ANGKATAN 2020
Authors: Keko Rikardus , Wutun Monika , Aslam Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji Bagaimanakah Komunikasi Virtual Mahasiswa Prodi Ilmu Komunikasi angkatan 2020 pada WhatsApp grup STORM’20 sehingga menghasilkan tujuan untuk Mendeskripsikan Faktor-Faktor Kontekstual Yang Mempengaruhi Komunikasi Virtual Pada WhatsApp Grup STORM’20 dan Mendeskripsikan Pola Komunikasi Pada WhatsApp Grup STORM’20. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan teori Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) dan jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, menggunakan metode studi kasus. Pemilihan informan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan, informan penelitian berjumlah sembilan (9) orang. Pengumpulan data penelitian diperoleh dari wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan mereduksi data, penyajian data, penyimpulan dan verifikasi. Serta uji keabsahan data dengan perpanjangan keikutsertaan dan ketekunan pengamatan atau keajegan pengamatan. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, sehingga hasil penelitian yang didapatkan Faktor-faktor kontekstual yang mempengaruhi komunikasi virtual pada WhatsApp grup STORM’20 yakni, faktor peserta, topik, jenis saluran, lamanya, apakah sinkron atau ansinkron dan bagaimana sikap umum peserta terhadap komunikasi di internet. Dengan adanya faktor-faktor tersebut membuat komunikasi virtual yang terjadi di dalam grup WhatsApp STORM’20 dapat berjalan dengan baik antar sesama anggotnya ataupun dengan para senior mereka. Dan juga Pola Komunikasi pada WhatsApp Grup STORM’20 yang terbentuk adalah Pola Rantai, Pola Lingkaran, dan juga Pola Bintang atau Semua Saluran. Penelitian ini diharapkan agar para mahasiswa pengguna WhatsApp grup tidak selalu bergantung pada aplikasi yang tersedia sebagai media komunikasi virtual, tetapi mengutamakan komunikasi secara langsung sebagai komunikasi sehari-hari.
INFLUENCE OF AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINEAND MOBILE BANKINGON SMALL BUSINESS OPERATION IN MUBI METROPOLIS, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ADAMU MOHAMMED  , ABDULAZIZ AHMED ELWAN  
Published: November 2024

The study examined the influence of E-banking components on small business operation in Mubi metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study is a survey in the form of cross sectional study in which data were collected through questionnaire administered to 400 small business owners in Adamawa State. Data collected was subjected to percentage analysis and hypotheses were tested using regression analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The result influence of automated teller machine on business operation is statistically significant and positive (β = 0.942, t = 8.789, p < 0.05). Also, coefficients of the influence of mobile banking on small business operation is significant (β = 0.558, t = 9.800, p < 0.05). Hence the study concludes that automated teller machine (ATM) and mobile banking has significant and positive influence on small business operation in Mubi metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study therefore, recommends that by considering the statistically significant and positive influence of e-banking components like automated teller machine (ATM) and mobile banking on business operations, small businesses should focus on establishing convenient and accessible banking components services. This can improve customer satisfaction by providing easy access to cash, ultimately leading to increased sales and transactions.
Comparison of iRoot BP Plus and mineral trioxide aggregate for pulpotomy in primary molars under general anesthesia: a 3-year retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Yiming , Tao Yuyan , Wang Yan , Zou Jing , Zhang Qiong 
Published: November 2024

Background
Pulpotomy is a widely recommended treatment for deep caries and reversible pulpitis in primary teeth. However, there is a significant lack of large-scale clinical studies evaluating the long-term efficacy of pulpotomy in primary molars, especially in studies with follow-up periods extending beyond a two years.

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and iRoot BP Plus for pulpotomy in primary molars performed under general anesthesia and to investigate factors influencing the success rate.

Methods
In this retrospective study, a total of 942 primary molars from 422 children who met the inclusion criteria underwent pulpotomy. Propensity score matching method (PSM) was used to match the MTA and iRoot BP Plus groups in a 1:1 ratio based on covariates. Efficacy was assessed using the Zurn & Seale criteria. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were performed to analyze the outcomes.

Results
PSM resulted in 266 pairs of matched teeth from 532 teeth of 291 children (mean age: 4.64 ± 1.07 years, ranging from 2 to 8 years). Long-term clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed higher success rates for iRoot BP Plus (24-month: 99.54%/97.25%; 36-month: 97.22%/95.83%) compared to MTA (24-month: 94.76%/95.29%; 36-month: 92.50%/91.25%). Survival analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between two groups (P = 0.0042). Age, gender, tooth position, and decayed tooth surface showed no significant impact on pulpotomy success, whereas the choice of pulp capping materials significantly influenced the outcome (HR [95% CI]=0.3745[0.1857-0.7552], P = 0.006).

Conclusion
Clinical and radiographic evaluations support the use of iRoot BP Plus for pulpotomy in primary molars.
The Role of Central Bank of Nigeria in Exchange Rate Stabilization
Authors: Odoh Tochukwu , Nnamdi Kelechi C. , Onah Anthony 
Published: November 2024

The study X-rays the role of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in exchange rate stability in Nigeria, using quarterly time series data. The study adopts GARCH family models to decipher the potency of CBN’s monetary policy in exchange rate stability in Nigeria. Anchor interest rate, official exchange rate, and money supply were incorporated into the variance equation to determine their exact impact on the volatility variable (conditional variance). Empirical results show that Anchor interest rate, official exchange rate, and money supply are key in exchange rate stability in Nigeria. The study also finds that despite CBN’s official intervention, exchange rate instability in Nigeria persists overtime. It concludes that Central Bank of Nigeria has a major role to play in managing exchange rate volatility in Nigeria especially when it uses the aforementioned monetary policy tools.
Modern Humans, Origins of
Authors: Wilshaw Alex 
Published: September 2018

The origin and evolution of modern humans, their anatomy and behavior, is one of the most debated topics in evolutionary anthropology today and is crucial for understanding how and why modern humans look and behave the way they do. Although it is agreed that humans emerged from Africa around 200,000 years ago, debates still surround the identification of the ancestral species of modern humans and the extent to which archaic species contributed to the modern human genome (which has implications for the Out of Africa and multiregional hypotheses), the relationship between anatomical and behavioral modernity and how this affects the categorization of fossils as “modern human,” and the exact center of evolution within Africa (eastern or southern Africa). Only by drawing on a range of evidence from archaeology, paleoanthropology, paleontology, and genetic studies of both modern human populations and ancient DNA can the origin of modern humans be illuminated.
Kinship (Early Human), the Archaeological Evidence for
Authors: Gowlett J. A. J. 
Published: September 2018

Kinship is likely to have been an important factor in human groups and their survival throughout most of the course of human evolution. Although evidence of kinship is far harder to recognize in the past than in the present, and information about individual relationships is usually lacking, in total a great deal can be established using several lines of approach. Historical records provide specific evidence, sometimes through several thousand years, to the start of early civilizations; linguistic reconstructions sometimes give suggestions of ancient social structures more than 10,000 years into the past; and genetic evidence is becoming increasingly important in all periods. DNA is helping to trace marriage practices in the Neolithic of Europe and China, and further back provides sometimes comprehensive information in the form of genomes of past species, such as the Neanderthals. It can cast light on social practice through providing information about inbreeding, and even the extent of interbreeding between separate species populations.
Living Matter: Mesoscopic Active Materials
Authors: Bernheim‐Groswasser Anne , Gov Nir S. , Safran Samuel A. , Tzlil Shelly 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn introduction to the physical properties of living active matter at the mesoscopic scale (tens of nanometers to micrometers) and their unique features compared with “dead,” nonactive matter is presented. This field of research is increasingly denoted as “biological physics” where physics includes chemical physics, soft matter physics, hydrodynamics, mechanics, and the related engineering sciences. The focus is on the emergent properties of these systems and their collective behavior, which results in active self‐organization and how they relate to cellular‐level biological function. These include locomotion (cell motility and migration) forces that give rise to cell division, the growth and form of cellular assemblies in development, the beating of heart cells, and the effects of mechanical perturbations such as shear flow (in the bloodstream) or adhesion to other cells or tissues. An introduction to the fundamental concepts and theory with selected experimental examples related to the authors’ own research is presented, including red‐blood‐cell membrane fluctuations, motion of the nucleus within an egg cell, self‐contracting acto‐myosin gels, and structure and beating of heart cells (cardiomyocytes), including how they can be driven by an oscillating, mechanical probe.
Facilitating high‐dimensional transparent classification via empirical Bayes variable selection
Authors: Bar Haim , Booth James , Wells Martin T. , Liu Kangyan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a two‐step approach to classification problems in the “largeP, smallN” setting, where the number of predictors may be larger than the sample size. We assume that the association between the predictors and the class variable has an approximate linear‐logistic form, but we allow the class boundaries to be nonlinear. We further assume that the number of true predictors is relatively small. In the first step, we use a binomial generalized linear model to identify which predictors are associated with each class and then restrict the data set to these predictors and run a nonlinear classifier, such as a random forest or a support vector machine. We show that, without the variable screening step, the classification performance of both the random forest and support vector machine is degraded when many among thePpredictors are not related to the class.
The P element invaded rapidly and caused hybrid dysgenesis in natural populations of Drosophila simulans in Japan
Authors: Yoshitake Yusaku , Inomata Nobuyuki , Sano Mai , Kato Yasuko , Itoh Masanobu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTransposable elements not only can change genomic positions and disperse across the gene pool, but also can jump to another species through horizontal transmission. Of late, the P element, a DNA transposon in insects, was shown to cross the genetic boundary from Drosophila melanogaster to D. simulans in Europe around 2006. To understand the dynamics of transposable elements, especially in the early stages of invasion, we examined 63 lines of D. simulans from 11 natural populations in Japan established in 1976–2015. Based on PCR analyses, P elements were demonstrated to exist in Japan in 2008 and later. One copy of the full‐length P element was identified and mapped to a site on chromosome 3 L in a genome. All of 18 copies of P elements examined shared “A” at the nucleotide position 2040, which is representative of the direct descendants of the original P element that invaded in D. simulans. We also found that some lines having P elements can induce intensive gonadal dysgenesis in D. simulans at 29°C. Our present results imply that P elements in D. simulans arrived at the east end of Asia just a few years later than or almost simultaneously to the initial invasion in Europe, Africa, and North America, suggesting a more astonishingly rapid spread than previously assumed.
Are Ponto‐Caspian species able to cross salinity barriers? A case study of the gammaridPontogammarus maeoticus
Authors: Pauli Nora‐Charlotte , Paiva Filipa , Briski Elizabeta 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecently, Ponto‐Caspian species (i.e., area of Azov, Black, and Caspian Seas) have invaded brackish and freshwater habitats of the North and Baltic Seas and the Laurentian Great Lakes in much higher numbers than expected based on shipping frequency and environmental conditions among these regions. Therefore, it has been suggested that Ponto‐Caspian species may have inherent advantages over other species in colonizing new habitats, or that they are of freshwater origin. Artificial selection offers the possibility to investigate phenotypic plasticity, shifts in environmental tolerance, and heritability of environmentally sensitive traits; therefore, in this study, we conducted artificial selection experiments on Ponto‐Caspian amphipodPontogammarus maeoticuscollected from 10 PSUto evaluate adaptation capacity of this species to different salinities, and to shed additional light on a possible freshwater origin of Ponto‐Caspian invaders. Our results indicated that selection to lower salinity than that of the population's ambient salinity is possible within few generations due to a likely existence of standing polymorphic variation for selection to act on. In contrast, selection to higher salinity was unsuccessful because the phenotypic variation was mainly caused by environmental variance and therefore might depend on new mutations. Consequently, the results of our study suggest that the tested species might be of freshwater origin and lacks necessary genetic background for adaptation to fully marine conditions. Further selection studies using more species and populations, as well as molecular techniques, should be conducted to elucidate if other Ponto‐Caspian invaders are of freshwater origin as well.
Genetic analyses reveal cryptic introgression in secretive marsh bird populations
Authors: Coster Stephanie S. , Welsh Amy B. , Costanzo Gary , Harding Sergio R. , Anderson James T. , McRae Susan B. , Katzner Todd E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHybridization is common in bird populations but can be challenging for management, especially if one of the two parent species is of greater conservation concern than the other. King rails (Rallus elegans) and clapper rails (R. crepitans) are two marsh bird species with similar morphologies, behaviors, and overlapping distributions. The two species are found along a salinity gradient with the king rail in freshwater marshes and the clapper in estuarine marshes. However, this separation is not absolute; they are occasionally sympatric, and there are reports of interbreeding. In Virginia, USA, both king and clapper rails are identified by the state as Species of Greater Conservation Need, although clappers are thought to be more abundant and king rails have a higher priority ranking. We used a mitochondrial DNA marker and 13 diagnostic nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify species, classify the degree of introgression, and explore the evolutionary history of introgression in two putative clapper rail focal populations along a salinity gradient in coastal Virginia. Genetic analyses revealed cryptic introgression with site‐specific rates of admixture. We identified a pattern of introgression where clapper rail alleles predominate in brackish marshes. These results suggest clapper rails may be displacing king rails in Virginia coastal waterways, most likely as a result of ecological selection. As introgression can result in various outcomes from outbreeding depression to local adaptation, continued monitoring of these populations would allow further exploration of hybrid fitness and inform conservation management.
Behavioral differences following ingestion of large meals and consequences for management of a harmful invasive snake: A field experiment
Authors: Siers Shane R. , Yackel Adams Amy A. , Reed Robert N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany snakes are uniquely adapted to ingest large prey at infrequent intervals. Digestion of large prey is metabolically and aerobically costly, and large prey boluses can impair snake locomotion, increasing vulnerability to predation. Cessation of foraging and use of refugia with microclimates facilitating digestion are expected to be strategies employed by free‐ranging snakes to cope with the demands of digestion while minimizing risk of predation. However, empirical observations of such submergent behavior from field experiments are limited. The brown treesnake (Serpentes: Colubridae: Boiga irregularis) is a nocturnal, arboreal, colubrid snake that was accidentally introduced to the island of Guam, with ecologically and economically costly consequences. Because tools for brown treesnake damage prevention generally rely on snakes being visible or responding to lures or baits while foraging, cessation of foraging activities after feeding would complicate management. We sought to characterize differences in brown treesnake activity, movement, habitat use, and detectability following feeding of large meals (rodents 33% of the snake's unfed body mass) via radio telemetry, trapping, and visual surveys. Compared to unfed snakes, snakes in the feeding treatment group showed drastic decreases in hourly and nightly activity rates, differences in refuge height and microhabitat type, and a marked decrease in detectability by trapping and visual surveys. Depression of activity lasted approximately 5–7 days, a period that corresponds to previous studies of brown treesnake digestion and cycles of detectability. Our results indicate that management strategies for invasive brown treesnakes need to account for cycles of unavailability and underscore the importance of preventing spread of brown treesnakes to new environments where large prey are abundant and periods of cryptic behavior are likely to be frequent. Characterization of postfeeding behavior changes provides a richer understanding of snake ecology and foraging models for species that consume large prey.
Biodiversity explains maximum variation in productivity under experimental warming, nitrogen addition, and grazing in mountain grasslands
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Liu Detuan , Xu Kun , Gao Lian‐ming , Ge Xue‐jun , Burgess Kevin S. , Cadotte Marc W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic global warming, nitrogen addition, and overgrazing alter plant communities and threaten plant biodiversity, potentially impacting community productivity, especially in sensitive mountain grassland ecosystems. However, it still remains unknown whether the relationship between plant biodiversity and community productivity varies across different anthropogenic influences, and especially how changes in multiple biodiversity facets drive these impacts on productivity. Here, we measured different facets of biodiversity including functional and phylogenetic richness and evenness in mountain grasslands along an environmental gradient of elevation in Yulong Mountain, Yunnan, China. We combined biodiversity metrics in a series of linear mixed‐effect models to determine the most parsimonious predictors for productivity, which was estimated by aboveground biomass in community. We examined how biodiversity–productivity relationships were affected by experimental warming, nitrogen addition, and livestock‐grazing. Species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and single functional traits (leaf nitrogen content, mg/g) represented the most parsimonious combination in these scenarios, supporting a consensus that single‐biodiversity metrics alone cannot fully explain ecosystem function. The biodiversity–productivity relationships were positive and strong, but the effects of treatment on biodiversity–productivity relationship were negligible. Our findings indicate that the strong biodiversity–productivity relationships are consistent in various anthropogenic drivers of environmental change.
The effects of warming and nitrogen addition on ecosystem respiration in a Tibetan alpine meadow: The significance of winter warming
Authors: Zong Ning , Geng Shoubao , Duan Cheng , Shi Peili , Chai Xi , Zhang Xianzhou 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn recent decades, global warming has become an indisputable fact on the Tibetan Plateau. Alpine ecosystems are very sensitive to global warming, and the impact may depend on the degree of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. The previous studies have paid more attention to year‐round warming, but the effect of winter warming has been unstudied. In this study, a manipulative experiment was conducted, consisting of warming and N addition. It was carried out since 2010 in an alpine meadow, and three types of warming treatments were set up: no warming (NW), year‐round (YW), and winter warming (WW). Warming significantly increased air and soil temperature, but decreased soil moisture. Under no N addition, YW showed significantly decreased ecosystem respiration (Reco) in 2012, and WW decreased Reco in 2014. Under N addition, neither YW nor WW had significant effects on Reco, indicating that N addition compensated the negative effect of warming on Reco. Annually, YW and WW decreased ecosystem carbon (C) emissions, and the extent of the reduction was even larger under WW. Under no N addition, both YW and WW significantly decreased aboveground biomass. Moreover, especially under no N, YW and WW significantly decreased soil inorganic N. WW also had negative effects on soil microbial biomass C. Structure equation modeling showed that soil moisture was the most important factors controlling Reco, and soil inorganic N content and microbial biomass C could explain 46.6% and 16.8% of the variation of Reco. The findings indicate that soil property changes under warming had substantial effects on ecosystem C efflux. The inhibitory effects of winter warming on ecosystem C efflux were mainly attributed to the decline of soil N and microbial biomass. Thus, the effects of winter warming on ecosystem C emissions in this semiarid alpine meadow are not as serious as expected and largely depend on N deposition.
Limited introgression supports division of giraffe into four species
Authors: Winter Sven , Fennessy Julian , Janke Axel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAll giraffe (Giraffa) were previously assigned to a single species (G. camelopardalis) and nine subspecies. However, multi‐locus analyses of all subspecies have shown that there are four genetically distinct clades and suggest four giraffe species. This conclusion might not be fully accepted due to limited data and lack of explicit gene flow analyses. Here, we present an extended study based on 21 independent nuclear loci from 137 individuals. Explicit gene flow analyses identify less than one migrant per generation, including between the closely related northern and reticulated giraffe. Thus, gene flow analyses and population genetics of the extended dataset confirm four genetically distinct giraffe clades and support four independent giraffe species. The new findings support a revision of the IUCN classification of giraffe taxonomy. Three of the four species are threatened with extinction, and mostly occurring in politically unstable regions, and as such, require the highest conservation support possible.