bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parody in Copyright Laws of GCC States: Where Does It Fit?
Authors: Almawla Hanan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The relationship between parody and copyright law has not been discussed in the copyright laws of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) or in Arab states in general. Nevertheless, in the past ten years, there has been a remarkable increase in parody shows and programmes in the region, triggering the question of copyright infringement. This article therefore examines the position of parody in the copyright laws of GCC states. It considers protection of parody − as an expressive tool − under the principle of freedom of speech. As no explicit statutory or judicial guidance in relation to parody in the current national copyright laws of GCC states is found, this article argues that parody should be explicitly recognized in the copyright laws of GCC states.
Spiciness Anomalies in the Upper South Indian Ocean
Authors: Nagura Motoki , Kouketsu Shinya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study investigates an isopycnal temperature/salinity T/S, or spiciness, anomaly in the upper south Indian Ocean for the period from 2004 to 2015 using observations and reanalyses. Spiciness anomalies at about 15°S on 24–26σθ are focused on, whose standard deviation is about 0.1 psu in salinity and 0.25°C in temperature, and they have a contribution to isobaric temperature variability comparable to thermocline heave. A plausible generation region of these anomalies is the southeastern Indian Ocean, where the 25σθ surface outcrops in southern winter, and the anticyclonic subtropical gyre advects subducted water equatorward. Unlike the Pacific and Atlantic, spiciness anomalies in the upper south Indian Ocean are not T/S changes in mode water, and meridional variations in SST and sea surface salinity in their generation region are not density compensating. It is possible that this peculiarity is owing to freshwater originating from the Indonesian Seas. The production of spiciness anomalies is estimated from surface heat and freshwater fluxes and the surface T/S relationship in the outcrop region, based on several assumptions including the dominance of surface fluxes in the surface T/S budget and effective mixed layer depth proposed by Deser et al. The result agrees well with isopycnal salinity anomalies at the outcrop line, which indicates that spiciness anomalies are generated by local surface fluxes. It is suggested that the Ningaloo Niño and El Niño–Southern Oscillation lead to interannual variability in surface heat flux in the southeastern Indian Ocean and contribute to the generation of spiciness anomalies.
PPARγ-Mediated p21 Induction in Aerodigestive Preneoplastic Cell Lines
Authors: Miller Wendy A. , Wuertz Beverly R. , Ondrey Frank G. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Oral leukoplakia is defined as a mucous membrane disorder characterized by white patches that cannot be scraped off. Leukoplakia is the most frequent, potentially premalignant oral mucosa disorder and a good candidate for chemopreventive therapies. Pioglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which forms a complex with nuclear cofactors and regulates gene expression of a variety of cell-cycle proteins and is currently being tested preclinically and clinically in aerodigestive cancer prevention. Methods: In the present study, we hypothesized that pioglitazone would decrease proliferation of human leukoplakia cells (MSK Leuk1) and transformed bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) through regulatory changes of G1 checkpoint protein regulators, p21 and cyclin-D1. MSK Leuk1 and BEAS-2B cells were treated with pioglitazone and assayed for cell proliferation and p21 transcriptional activity. Results: We discovered pioglitazone significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. We also observed p21 protein induction after treatment with pioglitazone, which was preceded by measurable increases in p21 mRNA induction. Conclusions: We conclude the PPARγ activator, pioglitazone, can activate p21, which is associated with decreased proliferation in 2 aerodigestive preneoplastic cell lines. In addition, the p21 gene may be a potential hypothesis-driven biomarker in translational studies of pioglitazone as a chemoprevention agent for aerodigestive cancer.
The impact of substance use disorders on recovery from bipolar depression: Results from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder psychosocial treatment trial
Authors: Gold Alexandra K , Peters Amy T , Otto Michael W , Sylvia Louisa G , Magalhaes Pedro Vieira da Silva , Berk Michael , Dougherty Darin D , Miklowitz David J , Frank Ellen , Nierenberg Andrew A , Deckersbach Thilo 
Published: July 2018

Objective: Up to 60% of patients with bipolar disorder develop a substance use disorder during their lifetime. The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of substance use disorders on depression recovery among bipolar patients randomly assigned to different psychotropic medications and psychosocial interventions. We hypothesized that patients with a comorbid substance use disorder would benefit less from psychotherapy regardless of treatment intensity/length compared to patients without a comorbid substance use disorder. Method: We conducted post hoc analyses among bipolar disorder patients ( n = 270) with and without comorbid substance use disorders enrolled in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder randomized psychosocial intervention trial. All patients entered during or shortly after the onset of a bipolar depressive episode. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess whether current or past substance use disorders moderated the response of patients to intensive psychosocial intervention or brief psychoeducation with collaborative care, operationalized as full recovery from an episode of bipolar depression. Results: Current comorbid substance use disorders significantly predicted likelihood of recovery (odds ratio = 2.25, p = 0.025) and time to recovery (odds ratio = 1.71, p = 0.006) from bipolar depression. We found that 74.5% of patients with a current substance use disorder, compared to 56.5% without a current substance use disorder, recovered from bipolar depression. Past substance use disorders did not predict likelihood of recovery or time to recovery. Current substance use disorders did not significantly moderate response to intensive psychotherapy versus collaborative care. Conclusion: Contrary to our hypotheses, bipolar disorder participants with a current comorbid substance use disorder were more likely to recover from psychosocial treatment for bipolar depression than patients without a current comorbid substance use disorder. If this finding is replicated, it has implications for the ordering of treatment for patients with comorbid bipolar disorder and substance use disorders.
Reinforcement learning–based fault-tolerant control with application to flux cored wire system
Authors: Zhang Dapeng , Gao Zhiwei 
Published: July 2018

Background: Processes and systems are always subjected to faults or malfunctions due to age or unexpected events, which would degrade the operation performance and even lead to operation failure. Therefore, it is motivated to develop fault-tolerant control strategy so that the system can operate with tolerated performance degradation. Methods: In this paper, a reinforcement learning -based fault-tolerant control method is proposed without need of the system model and the information of faults. Results and Conclusions: Under the real-time tolerant control, the dynamic system can achieve performance tolerance against unexpected actuator or sensor faults. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated and validated by the rolling system in a test bed of the flux cored wire.
Johnson City Looks and Listens
Authors: Kays Merle 
Published: July 2018

Our Johnson City schools suffered a severe and untimely loss on November 26, in the sudden death of Mrs. Merle W. Kays, librarian at the H. J. Johnson School and chairman of our system-wide committee on audio-visual aids. During the long term of service she gave to our schools, we came to recognize and appreciate Mrs. Kays as a person of the highest type of character and integrity and a teacher of particular and exceptional qualifications. She was gifted in the art of classroom management and in leadership control and guidance. She had the sunny disposition, the calm, quiet and even temperament that served to gain and retain for her an ever-widening circle of friends. Her love of young people and her keen interest and zest in teaching, together with her devotion to her tasks, make her exceedingly difficult to replace. We are all better for having known and worked with Mrs. Kays. H. B. Eccleston, Superintendent of Schools
Adult Courses through Cooperation
Authors: Parker Kenneth C. 
Published: July 2018

When taxpayer groups demand that frills be trimmed from the educational petticoat for economy reasons, adult education programs are often exempted from criticism. Adults who have benefited from classes that open new horizons of knowledge or from recreation programs that really recreated the tired mind would be reluctant to dispense with this phase of American education. On these pages, Kenneth Parker, who played a large part in getting public and private school authorities to cooperate for the benefit of the community, describes an unusual adult education venture.
A Broken Speedometer
Authors: Hulsman Helen L. 
Published: July 2018

A playlet may be used as one device for the presentation of new material in arithmetic. The mystery of the little plot during secret rehearsals in a corner of the classroom or coatroom stimulates the pupils' interest in what the play may contain. A “radio” play is easier to prepare than a stage production. In the former, girls or boys may read the parts of either. No acting or memorization of lines is necessary and no stage properties need to be prepared. For these reasons the children may prepare the playlet with little coaching. The following short play has been used to aid in introducing decimals early in grade six. Since it has been given by pupils standing in the coatroom with doors left open, the sound has been very much like that of voices on the radio and the children have listened with interest. The play has served both to present new material and to motivate further work with place values in decimals.
Sustained Attention and the Effects of Distraction in Underachieving Second Grade Children
Authors: Ricks Nancy L. , Mirsky Allen F. 
Published: July 2018

The relationship between attention deficits and learning problems was studied in thirty-three second grade children. Impairment in sustained attention, the effects of auditory distractors upon sustained attention, the deployment of attention in a visual field (field articulation), and the management of information over time (Leveling-Sharpening) were investigated in underachieving children. Underachievers were significantly lower than controls in Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Verbal and Full Scale I.Q.'s but not in Performance I.Q. Underachievers were significantly poorer in their performance on a more difficult measure of sustained attention. Only the letters spoken distractor produced a significant effect on the performance of underachievers on an easier measure of sustained attention. The major effect of distraction in both groups was to decrease attention to critical stimuli rather than to significantly increase responses to distracting stimuli. Underachievers also had more difficulty in withholding attention from irrelevant stimuli on a measure of field articulation, but stimuli more central to the task had an apparently greater effect on their performance than peripheral stimuli. Underachievers did not differ from controls with respect to Leveling-Sharpening. Significant correlations were found between underachievers’ performance on measures of sustained attention and measures of field articulation. The findings suggest that impairment in sustained attention is associated with difficulty in learning in second grade children and that such impairment can be identified at an earlier age, and in children with less marked academic underachievement, than is commonly believed.
Three Conceptions of the Role of Teacher
Authors: Nier Charles J. 
Published: July 2018

That the personality of a teacher has a direct bearing upon classroom dynamics is generally acknowledged; how personality influences manifest teaching behavior is as yet unclear. This article seeks to clarify some of the relationships which exist between a teacher's interpersonal structure and psychological needs, and how those needs can be expressed through the role of teacher. The effects which three distinct role conceptualizations have on classes and pupils are reviewed and examined. Three teacher typologies (Ambitious, Conscientious, and Indulgent), each linked to a side of personality structure, are described. The discussion focuses upon responses to the stimulus TEACHER as elicited from teacher trainees through the administration of a word association test. The response patterns of three trainees, who may be seen as prototypical of the three teaching types, are analyzed. Three contrasting configurations of psychological needs and educational priorities are suggested by the trainees’ response patterns, each having implications for teaching behavior and teacher-pupil relationships. The discussion concludes by presenting methods of integrating word association data into a training format which can provide individuals with a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of themselves as teachers.
For Honor and Alma Mater: Perspectives on Coeducation at Cornell University, 1868–1885
Authors: Haines Patricia Foster 
Published: July 2018

When Cornell University first officially welcomed women students in 1872, its patriarchs placed great emphasis on provision of equal opportunity for female and male students. After twelve years of defining this “equality” with a laissez faire approach to non-academic student matters, the Board of Trustees, dominated by Henry W. Sage, imposed compulsory residence requirements for women. This move prompted vociferous anger from the Cornell alumnae, who saw the move as institutionalizing discrimination between male and female students. This article explores the conflict between these early Cornell women and the Board of Trustees, focusing on the formal protest, the “Sage College Memorial,” which the women presented to the Board in June of 1885, after a year of close correspondence among themselves. The incident is significant not only because it illustrates the dubious maturation of formal coeducation from a simplistic policy of open admissions into a deliberate program for gender-role socialization, but also because in doing so it investigates a perspective too seldom discussed in the history of American higher education: the history of women students. The article also suggests that the role of formal coeducation as a mechanism for gender-role socialization would be a fruitful area for further research, as would be the more difficult realm of informal patterns of personal interaction and attitudes which contribute so significantly to define the parameters of the learning experience in the undergraduate world.
The Effect of School Integration on Community Integration
Authors: Rossell Christine H. 
Published: July 2018

The evidence presented in this study of 113 school districts in the U.S. from 1964 or earlier to 1975–76 suggests that school desegregation has a disintegrative effect during implementation and an integrative effect in post-implementation years. Although there is white flight from school desegregation in the year of implementation, post-implementation year losses tend to be less than normal. Assessing flight over a five-year period indicates the total loss is reduced to zero or even a benefit in all but city school districts that are 35 percent black or greater. In these school districts, the most extensive plans involving white reassignments to formerly black schools still exhibit an additional white enrollment loss of almost 6 percent over the five-year period. Nevertheless, this is less than half the implementation year loss. School desegregation is related to residential integration. Evidence from previous studies indicates that after school desegregation black parents often move into white neighborhoods to be near their child's new school assignment. The evidence presented here is nonconclusive but it suggests there is a reciprocal relationship between school integration and residential integration. School districts with more residential integration are more likely to reassign students for the purposes of school desegregation but this school desegregation may be related to subsequent residential integration.
Do osteoarthritic subchondral bone cysts spontaneously consolidate after total hip replacement?
Authors: Lenz Christopher G , Zingg Patrick O , Dora Claudio 
Published: July 2018

Background: During total hip replacement (THR), subchondral acetabular bone cysts are either left alone or treated by filling with autologous bone graft. We hypothesized that subchondral cysts would consolidate spontaneously over time without compromising the midterm survival of the implant. Methods: We retrospectively screened the anteroposterior hip radiographs of 731 consecutive patients who underwent primary THR between January 2006 and April 2009. Patients were included in the current study if they had acetabular subchondral bone cysts visible radiographically that had been left alone during THR. Results: 52 patients (54 hips) matched the inclusion criteria, with mean age of 66 ± 11 years at surgery, and a mean follow-up of 6.3 years (range 5–9 years). Among the 52 patients, there were 88 cysts, with 1.6 ± 0.83 cysts per patient and a mean cyst size of 9.3 ± 10 mm2 (range 0.9–57 mm2). Among the 88 cysts, 71 cysts (38 hips) had disappeared by the final follow-up, whereas 17 cysts (16 hips) were still visible. Most of these persistent cysts were located in Charnley zone I and were significantly smaller at the follow-up than before surgery ( p = 0.015). Overall, most cysts decreased in size ( p = 0.04). All cups survived and none showed radiological signs of loosening. Conclusions: After THR, most neglected subchondral cysts spontaneously consolidate or decrease in size. Larger cysts may persist without affecting the surgical outcome. No radiological signs of loosening or other adverse effects were observed when acetabular bone cysts are neglected during primary THR.
Progressive motor impairment from a critically located lesion in highly restricted CNS-demyelinating disease
Authors: Keegan B Mark , Kaufmann Timothy J , Weinshenker Brian G , Kantarci Orhun H , Schmalstieg William F , Paz Soldan M Mateo , Flanagan Eoin P 
Published: July 2018

Objective: To report progressive motor impairment from a critically located central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating lesion in patients with restricted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-lesion burden. Methods: We identified 38 patients with progressive upper motor-neuron impairment for >1 year, 2–5 MRI CNS-demyelinating lesions, with one seemingly anatomically responsible for progressive motor impairment. Patients with any alternative etiology for progressive motor impairment were excluded. A neuroradiologist blinded to clinical evaluation reviewed multiple brain and spinal-cord MRI, selecting a candidate critically located demyelinating lesion. Lesion characteristics were determined and subsequently compared with clinical course. Results: Median onset age was 47.5 years (24–64); 23 (61%) women. Median follow-up was 94 months (18–442); median Expanded Disability Status Scale Score (EDSS) at last follow-up was 4.5 (2–10). Clinical presentations were progressive: hemiparesis/monoparesis 31; quadriparesis 5; and paraparesis 2; 27 patients had progression from onset; 11 progression post-relapse. Total MRI lesions were 2 ( n = 8), 3 ( n = 12), 4 ( n = 12), and 5 ( n = 6). Critical lesions were located on corticospinal tracts, chronically atrophic in 26/38 (68%) and involved cervical spinal cord in 27, cervicomedullary/brainstem region in 6, thoracic spinal cord in 4, and subcortical white matter in 1. Conclusion: Progressive motor impairment may ascribe to a critically located CNS-demyelinating lesion in patients with highly restricted MRI burden. Motor progression from a specific demyelinating lesion has implications for understanding multiple sclerosis (MS) progression.
Description, utilisation and results from a telehealth primary care weight management intervention for adults with obesity in South Carolina
Authors: Brown Joshua D , Hales Sarah , Evans T Ed , Turner Tonya , Sword David O , O'Neil Patrick M , Ballentine Sara , Lovelace Oscar , DuBose-Morris Ragan Aleise 
Published: July 2018

Introduction In the US, obesity rates are higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Rural access to treatment of obesity is limited by a lack of qualified clinicians and by transportation and financial barriers. We describe a telemedicine weight management programme, Wellness Connect, developed through a partnership of academic clinicians and rural primary care providers in South Carolina, and present utilisation and weight outcomes from seven patient cohorts. Methods Eight bi-weekly sessions were provided via telemedicine videoconferencing for groups of patients at these rural primary care clinics. Protocol-based sessions were led by registered dietitians, exercise physiologists and clinical psychologists at a central urban location. Results Of 138 patients who started the programme, 62% ( N = 86) of patients met the criteria for completion. Completers lost an average of 3.5% (standard deviation (SD) = 3.9%) body weight, which was statistically significant ( p < .001) and corresponded with an average loss of 3.8 kg (SD = 4.5 kg). There were no differences in weight change among clinics ( p = .972). Overall, patients and providers reported satisfaction with the programme and identified several challenges to sustainability. Discussion The use of innovative telemedicine interventions continues to be necessary to alleviate barriers to accessing evidence-based services to reduce chronic diseases and decrease obesity rates among rural populations.
Accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus palpation-based carpometacarpal joint injections: A randomized pilot study in cadavers
Authors: Derian Armen , Amundson Julia , Abi-Aad Karl , Vasquez-Duarte Ricardo , Johnson-Greene Douglas 
Published: July 2018

Objective To determine the accuracy of ultrasound guidance compared to palpation in performing carpometacarpal joint injections in cadavers. Design In all, 36 carpometacarpal joints were randomized to either ultrasound-guided or palpation-based injections, with 1 cc of blue latex solution injected into each joint. The specimens were then dissected and the distribution of the latex was assessed by two independent, blinded raters. Injection accuracy was evaluated on a four-point quartile rating scale of 1–4, corresponding to the amount of the latex solution within the joint (1 = 0–25%, 2 = 26–50%, 3 = 51–75%, 4 = 76–100%). Inter-rater reliability was a secondary measure. Results The mean rating of accuracy was 2.1 for both palpation-based and ultrasound-guided injections. There was no statistically significant difference in accuracy between the two injectors. Chi-square analysis testing differences in accuracy for the two conditions was not statistically significant. The Cronbach’s alpha for rater 2 was 0.74, which represents an acceptable level of reliability. A Friedman’s Chi-square for the two raters was 2.3 ( p = 0.13), indicating no significant difference between raters. Conclusion Ultrasound guidance did not improve the accuracy of carpometacarpal joint injections in cadavers. However, the high inter-rater reliability attests to the value of the novel assessment scale.