bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicians' perspectives on communication and decision making in clinical encounters for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: Dobler Claudia C. , Bosnic-Anticevich Sinthia , Armour Carol L. 
Published: March 2018

The aim of the study was to explore the views of tuberculosis (TB) physicians on treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI), focusing on decision making and communication in clinical practice.20 Australian TB physicians participated in a semistructured interview in person or over the telephone. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.The study identified challenges that physicians face when discussing treatment for LTBI with patients. These included difficulties explaining the concept of latency (in particular to patients from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds) and providing guidance to patients while still framing treatment decisions as a choice. Tailored estimates of the risk of developing TB and the risk of developing an adverse effect from LTBI treatment were considered the most important information for decision making and discussion with patients. Physicians acknowledged that there is a significant amount of unwarranted treatment variation, which they attributed to the lack of evidence about the risk–benefit balance of LTBI treatment in certain scenarios and guidelines that refer to the need for case-by-case decision making in many instances.In order to successfully implement LTBI treatment at a clinical level, consideration should be given to research on how to best address communication challenges arising in clinical encounters.
The cross-tissue metabolic response of abalone (Haliotis midae) to functional hypoxia
Authors: Venter Leonie , Loots Du Toit , Mienie Lodewyk J. , Jansen van Rensburg Peet J. , Mason Shayne , Vosloo Andre , Lindeque Jeremie Z. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Functional hypoxia is a stress condition caused by the abalone itself as a result of increased muscle activity, which generally necessitates the employment of anaerobic metabolism if the activity is sustained for prolonged periods. With that being said, abalone are highly reliant on anaerobic metabolism to provide partial compensation for energy production during oxygen-deprived episodes. However, current knowledge on the holistic metabolic response for energy metabolism during functional hypoxia, and the contribution of different metabolic pathways and various abalone tissues towards the overall accumulation of anaerobic end-products in abalone are scarce. Metabolomics analysis of adductor muscle, foot muscle, left gill, right gill, haemolymph and epipodial tissue samples indicated that South African abalone (Haliotis midae) subjected to functional hypoxia utilises predominantly anaerobic metabolism, and depends on all of the main metabolite classes (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) for energy supply. Functional hypoxia caused increased levels of anaerobic end-products: lactate, alanopine, tauropine, succinate and alanine. Also, elevation in arginine levels was detected, confirming that abalone use phosphoarginine to generate energy during functional hypoxia. Different tissues showed varied metabolic responses to hypoxia, with functional hypoxia showing excessive changes in the adductor muscle and gills. From this metabolomics investigation, it becomes evident that abalone are metabolically able to produce sufficient amounts of energy when functional hypoxia is experienced. Also, tissue interplay enables the adjustment of H. midae energy requirements as their metabolism shifts from aerobic to anaerobic respiration during functional hypoxia.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Intrinsic curvature in wool fibres is determined by the relative length of orthocortical and paracortical cells
Authors: Harland Duane P. , Vernon James A. , Woods Joy L. , Nagase Shinobu , Itou Takashi , Koike Kenzo , Scobie David A. , Grosvenor Anita J. , Dyer Jolon M. , Clerens Stefan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Hair curvature underpins structural diversity and function in mammalian coats, but what causes curl in keratin hair fibres? To obtain structural data to determine one aspect of this question, we used confocal microscopy to provide in situ measurements of the two cell types that make up the cortex of merino wool fibres, which was chosen as a well-characterised model system representative of narrow diameter hairs, such as underhairs. We measured orthocortical and paracortical cross-sectional areas, and cortical cell lengths, within individual fibre snippets of defined uniplanar curvature. This allowed a direct test of two long-standing theories of the mechanism of curvature in hairs. We found evidence contradicting the theory that curvature results from there being more cells on the side of the fibre closest to the outside, or convex edge, of curvature. In all cases, the orthocortical cells close to the outside of curvature were longer than paracortical cells close to the inside of the curvature, which supports the theory that curvature is underpinned by differences in cell type length. However, the latter theory also implies that, for all fibres, curvature should correlate with the proportions of orthocortical and paracortical cells, and we found no evidence for this. In merino wool, it appears that the absolute length of cells of each type and proportion of cells varies from fibre to fibre, and only the difference between the length of the two cell types is important. Implications for curvature in higher diameter hairs, such as guard hairs and those on the human scalp, are discussed.
Acute Effect of Noradrenergic Modulation on Motor Output Adjustment in Men
Authors: KLASS MALGORZATA , ROELANDS BART , MEEUSEN ROMAIN , DUCHATEAU JACQUES 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To determine the role of noradrenergic modulation in the control of motor output, we compared the acute effect of reboxetine (REB), a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, to a placebo (PLA) on knee extensors motor performance and cortical and spinal excitability.

Methods
Eleven young men took part in two randomized experiments during which they received either 8 mg of REB or a PLA. The torque produced during a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and its variability (i.e., coefficient of variation) during submaximal contractions ranging from 5% to 50% MVC were measured. Paired electrical (PES) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were used to assess changes in voluntary activation during MVC, and corticospinal (motor-evoked potential (MEP)) and spinal excitability (Hoffmann (H) reflex) during contraction at 20% MVC.

Results
MVC torque and torque steadiness increased respectively by 9.5% and 24% on average in REB compared with PLA condition (P < 0.001). Voluntary activation tested by TMS and PES was greater (~3%; P < 0.05) in REB than PLA condition. The increase in voluntary activation in REB condition was significantly correlated with subjects’ initial voluntary activation level when tested by TMS (r = −0.62; P = 0.048) and PES (r = −0.86; P < 0.01). The maximal amplitudes of H reflex and MEP and the slope of their recruitment curves were enhanced by REB (P < 0.05). The ratio between the TMS-induced EMG silent period and the corresponding MEP (silent period/MEP) was reduced in REB condition (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
The present findings indicate that voluntary activation and accuracy in force control can be increased by an enhanced level of noradrenaline concentration. This improvement in motor performance is accompanied by changes located at both cortical and spinal levels.
First record of Doleschallia tongana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) for Guam Island
Authors: Manuel Jake , Tennent W. John , Buden Donald W. , Moore Aubrey 
Published: March 2018

A single specimen of the butterfly,Doleshallia tongana Hopkins 1927, was collected on Guam Island on October 23, 2017 (13.430478°N, 144.800419°E). This is a new species record for Guam and Micronesia, indicating a geographical range expansion forD. tongana.
THE ABILITY TO CLINCHING AS A FUNCTION OF MATERIAL HARDENING BEHAVIOR
Authors: Balawender Tadeusz 
Published: March 2018

<p><span lang="EN-GB">Mechanical clinching can be used to joining different metallic materials. The only restriction are their plastic properties. However some plastic materials, with good ductility, do not conform strong clinch joint, e.g. materials, featured by high strain hardening phenomena are difficult to clinching and do not create durable clinch joint. In case of others materials with limited ductility clinch forming generates the process-induced defects such as cracks. So, there are material’s features which are very important for the clinch forming process and among them the strain hardening properties seem to be in special importance.</span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB"><span> </span>The clinch joints of different materials with diversified plastic and strength properties<span> </span>were tested. A single overlap clinch joints with one clinch bulge were realized in the tests. The joints were tested in the pull test. The obtained results showed the relation of the clinch joinability to the materials’ strain hardening exponent. The good quality and good strength joints, were obtained for materials with low value of strain hardening<span> </span>exponent below n = 0,22.</span></p>
Praca postpamięci w Kartografie Juana Mayorgi
Authors: Łapicka Kamila 
Published: March 2018

The Effect of Postmemory in Juan Mayorga’s The Cartographer
The Cartographer of Juan Mayorga was inspired by a visit to Warsaw in 2008. The author went on a ‘walk through an invisible Warsaw’, as he himself described it. It was a journey which followed the places pictured in photographs from the ghetto, which Mayorga saw at an exhibition at the Nożyki Synagogue. I was able to find them. Since photographs play an ‘essential role as a medium of postmemory’, as stressed by Marianne Hirsch, one of the leading researchers on postmemory processes in her paper The Generation of Postmemory, I would like to consider the means by which the photographs from the ghetto have initiated the effect of (affiliative) postmemory on this contemporary playwright (born in 1965), who has no connection to the Holocaust either through his family or even national background. I would also like to explore their effect on the dramatic developments of The Cartographer which take place within two time frames – Warsaw in 1940 as well as contemporarily.
Rodzinna postpamięć Ślązaków
Authors: Hajduk‑Nijakowska Janina 
Published: March 2018

Family Postmemory of the People of Silesia
The author suggests a possible use of postmemory to analyse the contemporary family memory of the people of Silesia. Their memoirs about WW2 (such as working for the Wehrmacht, the Red Army invading Silesia, working in labour camps, nationality verification, displacements to Germany, and deportations to Siberia) bear signs of latent memory which is rarely revealed even to the next of kin. Present mainly within the family circle, within the local society, and among friends, these memoirs integrated Silesians and made them a unique community that considers itself a stigmatized minority. This contributed to mythologizing and stereotyping the whole memory. The family memory of the past events, full of emotions and understatements, often contradicting the official version of history, has been developed by children and grandchildren who tried to learn about it and understand it. As a result of political changes that occurred in Poland after1989 – which triggered a slow process of memory democratisation and incorporation of Silesians’ memoirs into the official history – new academic papers, memoirs, and documentaries were released. This process inspired the secondand the third generations of Silesians to share ‘family myths and legends’.
Comparison of pain behaviour and osteoarthritis progression between anterior cruciate ligament transection and osteochondral injury in rat models
Authors: Tawonsawatruk T. , Sriwatananukulkit O. , Himakhun W. , Hemstapat W. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives In this study, we compared the pain behaviour and osteoarthritis (OA) progression between anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and osteochondral injury in surgically-induced OA rat models. Methods OA was induced in the knee joints of male Wistar rats using transection of the ACL or induction of osteochondral injury. Changes in the percentage of high limb weight distribution (%HLWD) on the operated hind limb were used to determine the pain behaviour in these models. The development of OA was assessed and compared using a histological evaluation based on the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) cartilage OA histopathology score. Results Both models showed an increase in joint pain as indicated by a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the values of %HLWD at one week post-surgery. In the osteochondral injury model, the %HLWD returned to normal within three weeks, while in the ACLT model, a significant decrease in the %HLWD was persistent over an eight-week period. In addition, OA progression was more advanced in the ACLT model than in the osteochondral injury model. Furthermore, the ACLT model exhibited a higher mean OA score than that of the osteochondral injury model at 12 weeks. Conclusion The development of pain patterns in the ACLT and osteochondral injury models is different in that the OA progression was significant in the ACLT model. Although both can be used as models for a post-traumatic injury of the knee, the selection of appropriate models for OA in preclinical studies should be specified and relevant to the clinical scenario. Cite this article: T. Tawonsawatruk, O. Sriwatananukulkit, W. Himakhun, W. Hemstapat. Comparison of pain behaviour and osteoarthritis progression between anterior cruciate ligament transection and osteochondral injury in rat models. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:244–251. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.73.BJR-2017-0121.R2.
The character of Mehmed-paša Sokolović in Ivo Andrić’s works
Authors: Sang Hun Kim 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Ivo Andrić was searching and finding material for his stories and novels in the past, especially in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which represents the central topos in his literary output. As noted in the explanation of the Nobel Committee, Andrić received in 1961 the Nobel Prize in Literature “for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country”. The protagonists of Andrić’s stories and novels rarely include important historical personalities, and the most significant among them as a literary subject was Mehmed-paša Sokolović, the 16th century Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. The way in which Andrić portrayed the character of Mehmed-paša Sokolović in the novel ‘The Bridge on the Drina’ (Na Drini ćuprija) reflects some of the fundamental premises of his approach to narration, including his profoundly humanist intentions. Andrić held that oral (and written) stories and legends contained the true history of the humanity, and that one could grasp from them the real meaning of that history. Accordingly, in portraying Sokolović’s character, being confronted with historical documents on the one hand, and folkloric material on the other, Andrić gave primacy to the latter, even at the cost of disagreement between historical fact and oral tradition. Moreover, Andrić did not seek “the meaning of history” of Mehmed-paša Sokolović and his bridge in the historical data from Sokolović’s impressive political career accomplished in the Ottoman Empire, but in the bridge which outlived him and started the legend about him. With the novel ‘The Bridge on the Drina’ he created a “literary history” about the creation and meaning of the Višegrad bridge on these grounds – a unique literary “legacy for Mehmed-paša’s legacy”, widening and deepening the legend of Mehmed-paša Sokolović.
A Simplified Expression of Share Functions for Cooperative Games with Fuzzy Coalitions
Authors: Biswakarma Rajib , Borkotokey Surajit , Mesiar Radko 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the notion of Share functions for cooperative games with fuzzy coalitions or simply fuzzy cooperative games. We obtain the Share functions for some special classes of fuzzy games, namely the fuzzy games in proportional value form and the fuzzy games in Choquet integral form. The Shapley Share and Banzhaf Share functions for these classes are derived.
Radiation of Heat in an Insulating Vacuum Layer
Authors: Minárová Mária 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The paper is motivated by the previous research concerning the heat transfer in a heat accumulation device. The device had been explored, built up and tested with the aim of utilization of cheap solar energy and its storage. In this heat storage system, a vacuum-like gap between two concentric containers acts as an insulating layer, radiation being the predominant heat transfer type in the gap. The better knowledge and understanding of the heat exchange by radiation, the more effectiveness of the insulation of the layer can be reached. Heat transfer by radiation is explored in the paper, mathematical model is set up, the algorithm of non-linear transient computation is introduced, and some illustrative results of this computation are performed.
Effects of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Well-Trained Cyclists' Aerobic and Anaerobic Performances
Authors: Karasiak Fábio C. , Guglielmo Luiz Guilherme A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Karasiak, FC and Guglielmo, LGA. Effects of exercise-induced muscle damage in well-trained cyclists' aerobic and anaerobic performances. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2632–2640, 2018—The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in gross efficiency and in aerobic and anaerobic cycling performances. Nine well-trained cyclists (30.8 ± 6.4 years, cycling experience 8.4 ± 5.6 years) visited the laboratory 5 times. During the first visit, they performed a maximal incremental test on a cycle ergometer, to identify V̇o
2max (55.2 ± 4.9 ml·kg−1·min−1) and maximum aerobic power (Pmax; 327.0 ± 28.5 W). During the second visit (control), they cycled 5 minutes at 60% of Pmax, 5 minutes at 70% of Pmax, 5-minute time trial, and Wingate test. During the third visit, the athletes performed 10 sets of 10 countermovement jumps, to generate EIMD. The athletes repeated the second visit tests (control) 30 minutes, 48 hours (fourth visit), and 96 hours (fifth visit) after the jumps. The rated perceived exertion values increased 48 hours after EIMD (3.8 vs. 3.1) at 60% of Pmax. The ventilation and respiratory exchange ratio increased at 60% of Pmax (up to 4.3 L·min−1 and 0.04, respectively) and at 70% of Pmax (up to 5.4 L·min−1 and 0.05, respectively), mainly after 96 hours. There was no significant difference in V̇o
2, V̇co
2, and heart rate in submaximal exercises, neither in time trial. No differences were observed in the Wingate tests. In conclusion, the EIMD did not impair gross efficiency, nor aerobic and anaerobic performances in trained cyclists. However, despite the benefits of strength training to improve cyclists' performance, coaches must be cautious to the days after the strength training sessions because EIMD may change the perception of maintaining a given submaximal intensity during training or competition.
Cholinergic Modulation of Frontoparietal Cortical Network Dynamics Supporting Supramodal Attention
Authors: Ljubojevic Vladimir , Luu Paul , Gill Patrick Robert , Beckett Lee-Anne , Takehara-Nishiuchi Kaori , De Rosa Eve 
Published: March 2018

A critical function of attention is to support a state of readiness to enhance stimulus detection, independent of stimulus modality. The nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) is the major source of the neurochemical acetylcholine (ACh) for frontoparietal cortical networks thought to support attention. We examined a potential supramodal role of ACh in a frontoparietal cortical attentional network supporting target detection. We recorded local field potentials (LFPs) in the prelimbic frontal cortex (PFC) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) to assess whether ACh contributed to a state of readiness to alert rats to an impending presentation of visual or olfactory targets in one of five locations. Twenty male Long–Evans rats underwent training and then lesions of the NBM using the selective cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin (0.3 μg/μl; ACh-NBM-lesion) to reduce cholinergic afferentation of the cortical mantle. Postsurgery, ACh-NBM-lesioned rats had less correct responses and more omissions than sham-lesioned rats, which changed parametrically as we increased the attentional demands of the task with decreased target duration. This parametric deficit was found equally for both sensory targets. Accurate detection of visual and olfactory targets was associated specifically with increased LFP coherence, in the beta range, between the PFC and PPC, and with increased beta power in the PPC before the target's appearance in sham-lesioned rats. Readiness-associated changes in brain activity and visual and olfactory target detection were attenuated in the ACh-NBM-lesioned group. Accordingly, ACh may support supramodal attention via modulating activity in a frontoparietal cortical network, orchestrating a state of readiness to enhance target detection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe examined whether the neurochemical acetylcholine (ACh) contributes to a state of readiness for target detection, by engaging frontoparietal cortical attentional networks independent of modality. We show that ACh supported alerting attention to an impending presentation of either visual or olfactory targets. Using local field potentials, enhanced stimulus detection was associated with an anticipatory increase in power in the beta oscillation range before the target's appearance within the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as well as increased synchrony, also in beta, between the prefrontal cortex and PPC. These readiness-associated changes in brain activity and behavior were attenuated in rats with reduced cortical ACh. Thus, ACh may act, in a supramodal manner, to prepare frontoparietal cortical attentional networks for target detection.