bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative activity of Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin as a function of bacterial growth rate probed by Escherichia coli chromosome replication in the mouse peritonitis model
Authors: Schei Haugan Maria , Løbner-Olesen Anders , Frimodt-Møller Niels 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCommonly used antibiotics exert their effect predominantly on rapidly growing bacterial cells, yet growth dynamics taking place during infection in a complex host environment remain largely unknown. Hence, means to measure in situ bacterial growth rate is essential to predict the outcome of antibacterial treatment. We have recently validated chromosome replication as readout for in situ bacterial growth rate during Escherichia coli infection in the mouse peritonitis model. By the use of two complementary methods (qPCR and fluorescence microscopy) for differential genome origin and terminus copy number quantification, we demonstrated the ability to track bacterial growth rate, both on a population average and on a single-cell level; from one single biological specimen. Here, we asked whether the in situ growth rate could predict antibiotic treatment effect during infection in the same model. Parallel in vitro growth experiments were conducted as proof-of-concept. Our data demonstrate that the activity of commonly used antibiotics Ceftriaxone and Gentamicin correlated with pre-treatment bacterial growth rate; both drugs performing better during rapid growth than during slow growth. Conversely, Ciprofloxacin was less sensitive to bacterial growth rate, both in a homogenous in vitro bacterial population and in a more heterogeneous in vivo bacterial population. The method serves as a platform to test any antibiotic’s dependency upon active in situ bacterial growth. Improved insight into this relationship in vivo could ultimately prove helpful in evaluating future antibacterial strategies.ImportanceMost antibiotics in clinical use exert their effect predominantly on rapidly growing bacterial cells, yet there is a lack of insight into bacterial growth dynamics taking place during infection in vivo. We have applied inexpensive and easily accessible methods for extraction of in situ bacterial growth rate from bacterial chromosome replication during experimental murine infection. This approach not only allows for a better understanding of bacterial growth dynamics taking place during the course of infection, but also serves as a platform to test the activity of different antibiotics as a function of pre-treatment in situ growth rate. The method has the advantage that bacterial growth rate can be probed from a single biological sample, with the potential for extension into clinical use in pre-treatment infected biological specimens. A better understanding of commonly used antibiotics’ level of dependency upon bacterial growth, combined with measurements of in situ bacterial growth rate in infected clinical specimens, could prove helpful in evaluating future antibacterial treatment regimens.
Ceftolozane-tazobactam pharmacokinetics during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a lung transplant recipient
Authors: Arena Fabio , Marchetti Luca , De Angelis Lucia Henrici , Maglioni Enivarco , Contorni Martina , Iris Cassetta Maria , Novelli Andrea , Rossolini Gian Maria 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCeftolozane-tazobactam pharmacokinetics during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has not been previously studied. In this work we report on the ceftolozane and tazobactam plasmatic levels in a lung transplant recipient during ECMO, treated with ceftolozane-tazobactam (2g/1g, intravenously every 8 h, 1 h infusion) for a Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection. Ceftolozane Cmax and Cmin, monitored during 96 hrs, remained above 60 and 20 μg/mL, respectively, with optimal drug exposure (100% %TMIC). Tazobactam levels were above 1.9 μg/mL.
Histologically derived fiber response functions for diffusion MRI vary across white matter fibers - an ex vivo validation study in the squirrel monkey brain
Authors: Schilling Kurt G , Gao Yurui , Stepniewska Iwona , Janve Vaibhav , Landman Bennett A , Anderson Adam W 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between the diffusion-weighted MRI signal and the arrangement of white matter fibers is fundamental for accurate voxel-wise reconstruction of the fiber orientation distribution (FOD) and subsequent fiber tractography. Spherical deconvolution reconstruction techniques model the diffusion signal as the convolution of the FOD with a response function which represents the signal profile of a single fiber orientation. Thus, given the signal and a fiber response function, the FOD can be estimated in every imaging voxel by deconvolution. However, the selection of the appropriate response function remains relatively un-studied, and requires further validation. In this work, using 3D histologically-defined FODs and the corresponding diffusion signal from three ex vivo squirrel monkey brains, we derive the ground truth response functions. We find that the histologically-derived response functions differ from those conventionally used. Next, we find that response functions statistically vary across brain regions, which suggests that the practice of using the same kernel throughout the brain is not optimal. Additionally, response functions vary significantly across subjects. We show that different kernels lead to different FOD reconstructions, which in turn can lead to different tractography results depending on algorithmic parameters, with large variations in the accuracy of resulting reconstructions. Together, this suggests that there is room for improvement in estimating and understanding the relationship between the diffusion signal and the underlying FOD.
Selective D2 and D3 receptor antagonists oppositely modulate cocaine responses in mice via distinct postsynaptic mechanisms in nucleus accumbens
Authors: Manvich Daniel F. , Petko Alyssa K. , Branco Rachel C. , Foster Stephanie L. , Porter-Stransky Kirsten A. , Stout Kristen A. , Newman Amy H. , Miller Gary W. , Paladini Carlos A. , Weinshenker David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe D3 receptor (D3R) has emerged as a promising pharmacotherapeutic target for the treatment of several diseases including schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and substance use disorders. However, studies investigating the modulatory impact of D3R antagonism on dopamine neurotransmission or the effects drugs of abuse have produced mixed results, in part because D3R-targeted compounds often also interact with D2 receptors (D2R). The purpose of this study was to compare the consequences of selective D2R or D3R antagonism on the behavioral effects of cocaine in mice, and to identify the neurobiological mechanisms underlying their modulatory effects.MethodsWe characterized the effects of selective D2R or D3R antagonism in mice on 1) basal and cocaine-induced locomotor activity, 2) presynaptic dopamine release and clearance in the nucleus accumbens using ex vivo fast scan cyclic voltammetry, and 3) dopamine-mediated signaling in D1-expressing and D2-expressing medium spiny neurons using ex vivo electrophysiology.ResultsPretreatment with the selective D2R antagonist L-741,626 attenuated, while pretreatment with the selective D3R antagonist PG01037 enhanced, the locomotor-activating effects of acute and repeated cocaine administration. While both antagonists potentiated cocaine-induced increases in presynaptic DA release, D3R blockade uniquely facilitated DA-mediated excitation of D1-expressing medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens.ConclusionsSelective D3R antagonism potentiates the behavioral-stimulant effects of cocaine in mice, an effect that is in direct opposition to that produced by selective D2R antagonism or nonselective D2-like receptor antagonists, likely by facilitating D1-mediated excitation in the nucleus accumbens. These findings provide important insights into the neuropharmacological actions of D3R antagonists on mesolimbic dopamine neurotransmission.
Aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter engine side air intakes
Authors: Knoth Florian , Breitsamter Christian 
Published: October 2018

PurposeAerodynamic characteristics of engine side air intakes for a lightweight helicopter are investigated aiming to achieve an efficient engine airframe integration.

Design/methodology/approachOn a novel full-scale model of a helicopter fuselage section, a comprehensive experimental data set is obtained by wind tunnel testing. Different plenum chamber types along with static side intake and semi-dynamic side intake configurations are considered. Engine mass flow rates corresponding to the power requirements of realistic helicopter operating conditions are reproduced. For a variety of freestream velocities and mass flow rates, five-hole pressure probe data in the aerodynamic interface plane and local surface pressure distributions are compared for the geometries.

FindingsIn low-speed conditions, unshielded, sideways facing air intakes yield lowest distortion levels and total pressure losses. In fast forward flight condition, a forward-facing intake shape is most beneficial. Additionally, the influence of an intake grid and plenum chamber splitter is evaluated.

Originality/valueThe intake testing approach and the trends found can be applied to other novel helicopter intakes in early development stages to improve engine airframe integration and decrease development times.
Comparison of flutter calculation methods based on ground vibration test result
Authors: Chajec Wojciech 
Published: October 2018

PurposeA low-cost but credible method of low-subsonic flutter analysis based on ground vibration test (GVT) results is presented. The purpose of this paper is a comparison of two methods of immediate flutter problem solution: JG2 – low cost software based on the strip theory in aerodynamics (STA) and V-g method of the flutter problem solution and ZAERO I commercial software with doublet lattice method (DLM) aerodynamic model and G method of the flutter problem solution. In both cases, the same sets of measured normal modes are used.

Design/methodology/approachBefore flutter computation, resonant modes are supplied by some non-measurable but existing modes and processed using the author’s own procedure. For flutter computation, the modes are normalized using the aircraft mass model. The measured mode orthogonalization is possible. The flutter calculation made by means of both methods are performed for the MP-02 Czajka UL aircraft and the Virus SW 121 aircraft of LSA category.

FindingsIn most cases, both compared flutter computation results are similar, especially in the case of high aspect wing flutter. The Czajka T-tail flutter analysis using JG2 software is more conservative than the one made by ZAERO, especially in the case of rudder flutter. The differences can be reduced if the proposed rudder effectiveness coefficients are introduced.

Practical implicationsThe low-cost methods are attractive for flutter analysis of UL and light aircraft. The paper presents the scope of the low-cost JG2 method and its limitations.

Originality/valueIn comparison with other works, the measured generalized masses are not used. Additionally, the rudder effectiveness reduction was implemented into the STA. However, Niedbal (1997) introduced corrections of control surface hinge moments, but the present work contains results in comparison with the outcome obtained by means of the more credible software.
Museums and digital era: preserving art through databases
Authors: Rivero Moreno Luis D. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeDigital language has meant a revolution in the methods of production, distribution and conservation of contemporary art. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the new status of museums within the digital age. Works using new media must be understood as spaces of non-hierarchical communication where an artist’s role is diluted and the public becomes a user that completes an open process. Therefore, the function of the museum is challenged, being no longer a moral authority or a place of storing physical works. Because of its instability and obsolescence, the only valid method for the conservation of digital art is permanence through change.

Design/methodology/approachThis research contrasts the theoretical material emerged in the past years related to the characteristic of new media to the practical work of conservation of digital pieces made by the new generation of museums and cultural centres. In addition, the fresh material offered by the Web itself allows analyzing the virtual activity of the museums themselves and the new platforms (online labs, databases, websites and blogs) arisen in the past decades. The latter are perfect examples of the new paths opened by the digital contemporary technology offering collective sites of communication in real time.

FindingsThe preservation of digital and intangible heritage is understood as a form of development of a collective memory that can help in the understanding of our age in the future. In this way, the goals and the responsibilities are common; citizens are required to keep an active culture that is no more a culture of the accumulation and concentration by a minority. In present context, there is a new possibility, maybe for the first time in history, of achieving a new narrative really democratized and decentralized through the new ways of interacting and sharing information offers by digital media.

Social implicationsThe urgency of getting an open and free access to information and technology is part of the idiosyncratic of digital art. There is a real aim of generating alternative spaces of knowledge serving public interest, being apart from the economic and political interests of large corporations. In this respect, the role of the museum will be controversial. First of all, as an institution originally created to impose power and moral authority by the governments.

Originality/valueMuseums remains as the main artistic institution nowadays. However, they are in a difficult position as a traditional space for preserving and exhibiting art. That is why, they are adapting themselves to the new digital context helped by offering practical databases and updated information on their collections via websites and social networks.
Behaviour of single-phase self-excited induction generator during short-circuit at terminals
Authors: Makowski Krzysztof , Leicht Aleksander 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present analysis of short-circuit transients in a single-phase self-excited induction generator (SP-SEIG) for different capacitor topologies.

Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents field analysis of the short-circuit problem in the SP-SEIG on the base of two-dimensional field-circuit model of the generator.

FindingsThe carried-out field computations of the tested SP-SEIG show that the self-excited induction generator is intrinsically protected from the results of sudden short-circuit, as output voltage and current drop rapidly to zero. Short-circuit is a problem when a series capacitor is used to improve output voltage regulation. Experimental results show that re-excitation of the generator is possible after the short-circuit is removed.

Originality/valueThe originality of the paper is the presented analysis of short-circuit transients at terminals of SP-SEIG. A finite elements method-based field circuit model was used. The simulation results were validated by the measurements conducted on a laboratory test setup.
Investigating health information systems-induced errors
Authors: Yusof Maryati , Sahroni Mohamad Norzamani 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a review of health information system (HIS)-induced errors and its management. This paper concludes that the occurrence of errors is inevitable but it can be minimised with preventive measures. The review of classifications can be used to evaluate medical errors related to HISs using a socio-technical approach. The evaluation could provide an understanding of errors as a learning process in managing medical errors.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review was performed on issues, sources, management and approaches to HISs-induced errors. A critical review of selected models was performed in order to identify medical error dimensions and elements based on human, process, technology and organisation factors.

Findings
Various error classifications have resulted in the difficulty to understand the overall error incidents. Most classifications are based on clinical processes and settings. Medical errors are attributed to human, process, technology and organisation factors that influenced and need to be aligned with each other. Although most medical errors are caused by humans, they also originate from other latent factors such as poor system design and training. Existing evaluation models emphasise different aspects of medical errors and could be combined into a comprehensive evaluation model.

Research limitations/implications
Overview of the issues and discourses in HIS-induced errors could divulge its complexity and enable its causal analysis.

Practical implications
This paper helps in understanding various types of HIS-induced errors and promising prevention and management approaches that call for further studies and improvement leading to good practices that help prevent medical errors.

Originality/value
Classification of HIS-induced errors and its management, which incorporates a socio-technical and multi-disciplinary approach, could guide researchers and practitioners to conduct a holistic and systematic evaluation.
A strategic and good governance perspective on handling patient complaints
Authors: Ryynänen Sanna Pauliina , Harisalo Risto 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The patient complaint is one of the main procedures of exercising patient’s rights in the Finnish health care system. Such complaints typically concern the quality of care and/or patient safety. The purpose of this paper is to examine the types of patient complaints received by a specialized medical care organization and the kinds of responses given by the organization’s personnel. The organization’s strategy and good governance principles provide the framework for understanding the organization’s action.

Design/methodology/approach
This study’s data comprise patient complaints and the responses from personnel of a specialized medical care organization from the start of 2012 to the end of January 2014. The data were analyzed through qualitative data analysis.

Findings
The results show many unwanted grievances, but also reveal the procedures employed to improve health care processes. The results are related to patients’ care experiences, provision of information, personnel’s professional skills and the approach to patient complaints handling. The integrative result of the analysis was to find consensus between the patients’ expectations and personnel’s evaluation of patients’ needs.

Originality/value
Few prior studies have examined patient complaints related to both strategy and good governance. Patient complaints were found to have several confluences with an organization’s strategic goals, objectives and good governance principles. The study recommends further research on personnel procedures for patient complaints handling, with a view to influencing strategic planning and implementation of strategies of organizations.
A conceptual framework for the adoption of Islamic banking in a pluralistic-secular nation
Authors: Ezeh Precious Chikezie , Nkamnebe Anayo D. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Islamic banking is an emerging product in Nigeria; it has evolved as a new reality in the Nigerian financial scene since 2011. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework for the study of Islamic banking adoption behavior among bank customers in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is a literature and theoretical review of past studies to develop a comprehensive framework for the study of Islamic banking adoption behavior in Nigeria.

Findings
In this conceptual study, the researcher identified 12 independent variables, namely, relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability, trialability, uncertainty, promotional efforts, awareness, customer involvement, perceived information quality, profit/loss sharing and religiosity, as suitable variables for the study of Islamic bank adoption in Nigeria.

Practical implications
As Islamic banking is an innovative and unique product, which differs from conventional banking, it is hopeful that upon validating the framework, it will provide useful insight on the adoption behavior of Islamic bank customers in Nigeria.

Social implications
This study will be useful to Islamic banks in gaining and maintaining their existing customer, and policymakers, regulators and other relevant stakeholders will be able to strategize in accordance with their respective assignments toward the development and growth of the Nigerian financial industry.

Originality/Value
Most previous studies concentrated on product attributes of innovation adoption. But, this current study inculcated the consumers’ attitude and perception toward adoption of Islamic banking. Thus, the authors then propose several factors that can influence adoption of Islamic banking in Nigeria.
Optimizing carbon storage and biodiversity co‐benefits in reforested riparian zones
Authors: Dybala Kristen E. , Steger Kristin , Walsh Robert G. , Smart David R. , Gardali Thomas , Seavy Nathaniel E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Climate change and biodiversity loss are two global challenges that can be addressed simultaneously through reforestation of previously cleared land. However, carbon markets can encourage reforestations that focus on maximizing carbon storage, potentially at the expense of biodiversity conservation.

To identify opportunities to optimize reforestation design and management to meet both goals, we examined the forest stand features associated with carbon stocks in biomass and soil, as well as bird abundance and diversity, in remnant and restored riparian forest stands in central California, U.S.A.

Within three decades of reforestation, both planted and naturally regenerating riparian forest stands provided significantly greater carbon storage and avian biodiversity benefits compared to baseline conditions. They were also similar to a remnant riparian forest stand.

We identified a synergy between carbon storage and biodiversity benefits in their positive associations with understorey cover, but we also identified a trade‐off in their relationships to forest stand density. Biomass carbon stocks were strongly positively related to stand density, while bird density and diversity suffered at the highest stand densities.

The variability in understorey cover across forest stands indicates an opportunity for further enhancement of carbon and biodiversity benefits in areas where understorey cover is low, while the variability in stand density suggests an opportunity to re‐examine reforestation goals and consider thinning to achieve those goals.

Synthesis and applications. We identified synergies and trade‐offs between carbon storage and biodiversity in their relationships to forest stand features, indicating opportunities to optimize reforestation design and management to achieve multiple goals. Our approach can be adapted to other reforestation efforts intended to simultaneously address the global challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss.