bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Plasmid-Mediated qnr Genes Among the Clinical Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Ranjbar Reza , Tolon Sajjad S. , Sami Mehrdad , Golmohammadi Reza 
Published: August 2018

Background:Escherichia coliis one of the most important bacterial agents to cause urinary tract infections. Inappropriate and unnecessary administration of antibiotics has led to an increase in the appearance of multidrug-resistantE. coliisolates, limiting treatment options. The increase in a number of resistant strains of bacteria is a major concern of health authorities worldwide.Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of theqnrgenes amongE. coliisolated from UTIs of patients in Baqiyatallah hospital in Tehran province, Iran.Method:Clinical urine samples of patients with suspected urinary tract infection were collected by standard methods in sterile disposable containers. After analysis of urine, microscopic observations and culture analysis, the bacterial genome was extracted by boiling method. PCR for detection ofqnrgenes includingqnrA,qnrBandqnrSwas done by specific primers, then PCR products were run using gel electrophoresis and visualized by gel documentation system.Results:In the present study among the 95 isolates, 60 strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. PCR showed that 92 strains were positive forqnrS. TheqnrAandqnrBgenes were not found among the clinical isolates.Conclusion:Our finding indicates a high level of resistance against nalidixic acid amongE. coliisolates recovered from the patients with UTI. Also, the high frequency ofqnrSimposes the importance of survey of molecular and genetic analysis of mechanisms of quinolone resistance inE. colistrains.
A Treatment-Based Algorithm for the Management of Type-II SLAP Tears
Authors: Johannsen Adam M. , Costouros John G. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The management of Type-II superior labral tears (SLAP) of the shoulder remains a controversial topic. Treatment ranges from non-operative management to surgical management including SLAP repair, biceps tenotomy, and biceps tenodesis. An optimal treatment algorithm has yet to reach universal acceptance.

Objective:
The goal of this paper was to provide a treatment algorithm for the management of Type-II SLAP tears based on current literature and expert opinion.

Method:
Current literature was reviewed and expert opinion was reported to develop a comprehensive treatment protocol for patients based on age, activity level, and pathology.

Results:
Operative management of type-II SLAP tears yields good to excellent outcomes when proper indications are followed. Biceps tenodesis may produce more reliable pain relief and functional improvement when compared to primary SLAP repair in patients over the age of 40.

Conclusion:
When non-operative management of Type-II SLAP tears fails, operative management yields good to excellent outcomes in most patients. Primary SLAP repair should be performed in patients under the age of 40 with no evidence of proximal biceps pathology, while biceps tenodesis can provide consistent pain relief and return to activity in patients over the age of 40 or with significant proximal biceps pathology. Tenotomy should be reserved for elderly or low demand individuals.
MR Imaging of SLAP Lesions
Authors: Boutin Robert D. , Marder Richard A. 
Published: August 2018

Background:SLAP lesions of the shoulder are challenging to diagnose by clinical means alone. Interpretation of MR images requires knowledge of the normal appearance of the labrum, its anatomical variants, and the characteristic patterns of SLAP lesions. In general, high signal extending anterior and posterior to the biceps anchor is the hallmark of SLAP lesions. Common diagnostic criteria for a SLAP lesion by MR or MR arthrography include the following: presence of a laterally curved, high signal intensity in the labrum on a coronal image, multiple or branching lines of high signal intensity in the superior labrum on a coronal image, full-thickness detachment with irregularly marginated high signal intensity and/or separation >2 mm on conventional MRI or 3 mm on MR arthrography between the labrum and glenoid on a coronal image, and a paralabral cyst extending from the superior labrum.Methods:MR diagnosis of SLAP tears may be improved with provocative maneuvers, such as longitudinal traction of the arm or positioning of the shoulder in abduction and external rotation during imaging. The use of intra-articular contrast distends the joint similar to what occurs during arthroscopy and forced diffusion under the labrum may improve the ability to detect SLAP lesions that might not be seen with standard MR. Improved diagnostic accuracy for SLAP tears is seen with 3-T compared with 1.5-T MR imaging, with or without intra-articular contrast material.Conclusion:Regardless of MR findings, however, physicians should be cautious when recommending surgery in the patient with a vague clinical picture. The patient’s history, physical exam, and imaging evaluation all should be considered together in making the decision to proceed with surgery.
Child-rearing Support Provided by Public Health Nurses to People with Mental Illness: Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Kageyama Masako , Yokoyama Keiko 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The growing rates of deinstitutionalization in Japan have resulted in an increase in the number of children being raised by parents with mental illness. Given this situation, public health nurses working for local governments play an important role.

Objective:
The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe the child-rearing support provided by public health nurses to parents with mental illness.

Methods:
Seven nurses identified 28 cases of parents with mental illness. Descriptions of the goals and details of the appropriate nursing support were extracted from transcripts, coded, and categorized.

Results:
Parents with mental illness diagnosed with addiction and personality disorders were more difficult to support than those diagnosed with mood disorders or schizophrenia. Public health nurses supported parents with mental illness with the aim of achieving goals such as “building continuous consultative relationships,” “ensuring living conditions had a minimum level of safety and comfort,” “parents playing their roles,” “parents and children living together in the community,” and “fostering children’s growth.” While they provided support by “assessing their relationships with parents,” “building consultative relationships with parents,” “assessing parents’ illnesses/disorders and supporting,” “assessing child-rearing abilities and supporting,” and “cooperating with related agencies,” they tended to focus on the growth of the children rather than the recovery of parents.

Conclusion:
Consultative relationships were the beginning of support, as well as the most important and difficult skill. Public health nurses need to provide support for the recovery of parents with mental illness and learn about personality disorders and addiction.
A Study of Smart Grid Effects on Electric Vehicle Management Considering the Change of the Power Capacity Mix
Authors: Park Chankook 
Published: August 2018

Background:
To understand the Electric Vehicle (EV) management effects deeply using Smart Grids (SGs) in the electric power sector, it is necessary to examine supply specifics such as the generation mix, generation costs, and CO2 emissions as well as the demand sector including peak load. This study attempts to comprehensively examine the changes in power supply and demand their effects in accordance with the degree of SG utilization, based on a scenario for the projection of EV roll-out in South Korea.

Objectives:
This study considers the change of the generation capacity mix as well as the change of power generation mix using the WASP model for the analysis of SG effects on EV management. In the scenario of the Korean government's EV deployment, this study has confirmed how electric power demand changes according to the degree of smart grid utilization. In addition, the WASP model has been used to examine not only the power generation mix but also the change in the installed capacity.

Result:
As a result, if the share of cost-effective and clean power generation sources is below the minimum load, the unit cost and CO2 emission could not be reduced together even though SGs are used to manage EVs.

Conclusion:
Increasing the share of power generation from clean energy sources to a level higher than that of the minimum load will allow EVs to become an eco-friendly means of transportation.
A Study on the Merits for Coordinated Use of Ramp Metering and Variable Speed Limit Traffic Control Systems
Authors: Tafti Mehdi Fallah 
Published: August 2018

Aim:The aim of this research was to investigate the merits for further improvements of traffic operation on freeways and expressways through coordinated use of Ramp Metering and Variable Speed limit (VSL) control systems.Methods:In this research, the widely used ALINEA Ramp Metering strategy was coordinated with a rule-based VSL strategy so that the total flow entered from the upstream freeway and entry ramp is maintained below the merge downstream capacity. The developed algorithm was then examined on a freeway network comprising two merge and one diverge sections, using VISSIM microscopic simulation model. The performance of the simulated network was examined under three scenarios namely, No-control, Ramp Metering only and Ramp Metering plus VSL controls. The network performance under each scenario was then assessed and compared using three measures of performance namely, average travel time, overall delay and freeway throughput. The ANOVA test was used to analyze and compare the impacts of specified scenarios.Results:The results indicated that the best performance is achieved under coordinated Ramp Metering plus VSL scenario as it produced a significantly better performance in comparison with the other two scenarios.Conclusion:The results can be attributed to the synergistic effects of coordinated and integrated use of these control systems on the freeway network and therefore, coordination of such systems is recommended.
The Relation of Drowning Rescue Methods with the Rescuer in Cinema
Authors: Avramidis Stathis , Patrinos Stavros 
Published: August 2018

Objective:The use of various rescue methods for coping with drowning as a subject of research is scarce.Method:With a chi-square statistical analysis in a criterion/convenient sample of film scenes (n=430), it was aimed to reveal how the various rescue methods relate to the rescuer and other related sub-variables. Results confirm that cinematography indeed passes several right and wrong hidden messages to their viewers. It was also found that although the rescue type was not related with the rescuer’s age (p=0.836), body composition (p=0.437) and ethnicity (p=0.849), it was related with the type of the rescuer (if any) that attempted to save the drowning victim (p<0.001;i.e., amateur or professional), the rescuer’s gender (p=0.027) and clothing (p=0.019) and the victim’s early approach (p<0.001).Result:To the degree that our findings correspond with reality, film scenes may be used as means of water safety education in lifesaving and lifeguard classes.
The Effect of Waves on the Performance of Five Different Swimming Strokes
Authors: Kjendlie Per-Ludvik , Pedersen Tommy , Stallman Robert 
Published: August 2018

Objective:Little is known about the transfer of swimming skills from flat, calm conditions to outdoor, unsteady conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the velocity decrement of several life-saving, self-rescue and rescue related strokes when introducing waves of different heights.Methods:Thirty-three subjects swam twelve 25m sprints each, in a randomized order, in a 3x4 (wave height x stroke) design. The wave heights were flat, medium (ca 20 cm) or large (ca 40 cm), in a specially designed wave-simulating pool. The strokes studied were front crawl, head-up crawl, back crawl and breaststroke. A subgroup swam front crawl, head-up crawl and head-up crawl with fins. A repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of stroke, F(3,23)=108 (p<0.001), showing that these four strokes have different levels of performance; and wave height F(2,24)=87 (p<0.001), showing that introducing waves reduced velocity, but there was no interaction effect. The fastest stroke in flat water was not surprisingly, front crawl, followed by head-up crawl, back crawl and breaststroke. When introducing medium or large waves, the order of strokes from fastest to slowest was identical to flat-water conditions. The average velocity decrement when introducing medium and large waves was 3% and 7% respectively. For the subgroup swimming with fins, this was the fastest stroke, followed by front crawl, and head-up crawl. This order did not change when introducing waves, and the velocity decrement was 4 and 2% for medium and large waves respectively (not significantly different from other strokes).Result:The conclusion is that the rank order of strokes does not change when introducing waves and that no stroke seems to perform relatively better in unsteady water compared to flat water. Other aspects than performance and velocity should be considered when choosing strokes for swimming in waves, these are discussed in the paper.
SEMANTIC PROTOTYPES OF INDONESIAN STAPLE FOODS
Authors: Amrullah Latif 
Published: August 2018

Semantic prototypes of staple foodsare different among community members in Indonesia. These differences can be affected by,among others, geographical and socio-cultural factors. Departing from these differences, this study aims to find out the semantic prototype formula of the staple food concept based on Indonesian people’s perspectives. The study was carried out by distributing a questionnaire as a means of collecting data and the data were then quantitatively analyzed. Referring to the theories of Wierzbicka and Coleman Kay, the study reveals that Indonesian people still firmly believe that rice is an irreplaceable staple food. The proposed semantic prototypesare proved to have patterns similar to the findings. In addition, it turns out that cultural and natural factors also affect the way people interpret these staple foods.Keywords: staple foods, semantic prototypes, Indonesian people PROTOTIPE SEMANTIK MAKANAN POKOK MASYARAKAT INDONESIAAbstrak Prototipe semantik makanan pokok memiliki perbedaan penafsiran di antara anggota masyarakat di Indonesia. Perbedaan tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh antara lain faktor geografis dan sosial budaya. Berangkat dari adanya perbedaan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan formula prototipe semantik dari konsep makanan pokok berdasarkan cara pandang masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menyebarkan angket sebagai alat pengumpulan data dan data kemudian dianalisis secara kuantitatif. Dengan mengacu teori Wierzbicka dan Coleman dan Kay, penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa masyarakat Indonesia masih berpegang teguh bahwa nasi merupakan makanan pokok yang tidak tergantikan. Prototipe semantik yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini terbukti memiliki pola yang hampir sama dengan hasil penelitian. Disamping itu, ternyata faktor budaya dan alam sekitar turut mempengaruhi cara masyarakat menafsirkan bahan makanan pokok tersebut.Kata kunci: makanan pokok, prototipe semantik, masyarakat Indonesia
MODEL PENILAIAN OTENTIK BERBASIS KECAKAPAN HIDUP SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Sa'idah Nusrotus , Yulistianti Hayu Dian , Farida Yushinta Eka 
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen berbasiskecakapan hidup dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, menguji kualitas instrumen, serta mengetahui respon guru terhadap instrumen tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan yang diadopsi dari Borg dan Gall yang mencakup observasi, penggalian permasalahan, dan kebutuhan model penilaian melalui focus group discussion, penyusunan model, validasi ahli, uji coba produk, dan implementasi sebagai tahap uji coba skala besar. Hasil validasi ahli menunjukkan bahwa produk pengembangan, yaitu model penilaian otentik, baik (86,11%). Hasil analisis uji coba produk menunjukkan bahwa produk ini reliabel dengan koefisien sebesar 0,756. Tahap implementasi, yaitu uji coba produk penilaian otentik, menggunakan salah satu jenis penilaian, yaitu penilaian kinerja. Perbandingan antara kelas yang menggunakan penilaian kinerja dengan kelas kontrol menunjukkan hasil dengan signifikansi 0,000. Hal ini dapat diinterpreasikan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara penilaian otentik dengan penilaian konvensional. Hasil analisis dari respon pendidik sebagai user menunjukkan bahwa produk ini baik dengan nilai 41,85. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk penilaian otentik ini baik, reliabel, dan efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Kata kunci: penilaian otentik, kecakapan hidup, bahasa Indonesia A MODEL OF AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT BASED ON STUDENTS’ LIFE SKILLS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING AbstractThis study aims to develop instruments based on life skills in Indonesian language learning, test the instrument quality, and find out teachers’ responses to the instruments. This was a research and development study using a model adapted from Borg and Gall’sconsisting of observation, identifying problemsand needs for an assessment model through focus group discussions, modeling, conducting expert validation, trying out the product, and implementing it as a large-scale tryout. The results of the expert validation indicate that the development product, namely an authentic assessment model, is good(86.11%). The resultof the product tryout analysis shows that the product is reliable with a coefficient of 0.756. The implementation phase, namely the tryout of the authentic assessment product, used one assessment type, namely performance assessment. A comparison between a group using performance assessment and a control group shows a result with a significance of 0.000. This can be interpreted that there is a significant difference between authentic assessment and conventional assessment. The result of the analysis of the responses from teachers as users shows that the product is good with a score of 41.85. These results indicate that the authentic assessment product is good, reliable, and effective to be used in Indonesian language learning.Keywords: authentic assessment, life skills, Indonesian language
A PRIMAZIA DO SILÊNCIO
Authors: Tofalini Luzia Aparecida Berloffa 
Published: August 2018

Este artigo empreende uma reflexão acerca dos silêncios presentes no texto artístico, uma vez que eles são passíveis de investigação estética. Os silêncios povoam a diegese do romance Jerusalém – objeto deste estudo –, do escritor português Gonçalo M. Tavares. Trata-se de silêncios magistralmente construídos que se abrem em um leque de possibilidades de sentido. Há no texto silêncios positivos e silêncios negativos, ainda que pese a última categoria, devido ao alto tom de violência da narrativa. De qualquer modo, o entendimento dos sentidos dos silêncios concorre para a compreensão da obra como um todo. Para dinamizar o processo de análise, convocam-se estudos relacionados ao silêncio de Santiago Kovadloff (2003), David Le Breton (1999), Eni Orlandi (2007), George Steiner (1988), entre outros. Aspira-se a contribuir com o debate acerca da importância de se compreender os sentidos dos silêncios que habitam o texto literário.
Palavras-chave: silêncios; Jerusalém; Gonçalo M. Tavares.
VILÃO E ALÉM: SATANÁS EM PARADISE LOST
Authors: Batista Sérgio Henrique Rocha 
Published: August 2018

A presença de Satanás enquanto personagem literária é, hoje, um lugar comum, habitando ele em obras clássicas, em romances populares, quadrinhos, séries de televisão entre outros; além de sua presença explícita, há ainda seu arquétipo, que o torna ainda mais fecundo e abrangente. É desejo do autor do presente artigo estudar as formas como esse personagem e seu tipo se manifestam na literatura ocidental moderna; para tanto, aqui será analisada uma das mais importantes aparições do Satanás literário, Paradise Lost, de John Milton (1608-1674). Neste poema épico Satanás representa mais do que apenas uma figura do universo religioso: principalmente nos dois primeiros cantos da obra ele é quase um anti-herói, dada a sedução, eloquência e protagonismo que apresenta. A análise levará em conta, principalmente, sua função de antagonista em contraposição à novidade de sua caracterização, a qual serviu de modelo para as futuras obras literárias, principalmente a partir do romantismo.
A Comparison of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guideline and the 2017 American Diabetes Association Diabetes and Hypertension Position Statement for U.S. Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Muntner Paul , Whelton Paul K. , Woodward Mark , Carey Robert M. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE
To determine the concordance in the prevalence of hypertension and pharmacological antihypertensive treatment recommendations for U.S. adults with diabetes using definitions from the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) blood pressure (BP) guideline and the 2017 American Diabetes Association (ADA) diabetes and hypertension position statement.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed data for U.S. adults with diabetes in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011–2016 (n = 2,266). Diabetes was defined by treatment with glucose-lowering medication, glycosylated hemoglobin ≥6.5%, fasting serum glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or nonfasting serum glucose ≥200 mg/dL. BP was measured three times and antihypertensive medication use was self-reported.

RESULTS
The prevalence (95% CI) of hypertension among U.S. adults with diabetes was 77.1% (73.9, 80.0) and 66.3% (63.4, 69.1) according to the ACC/AHA and ADA definitions, respectively. Also, 22.9% (20.0, 26.1) did not have hypertension according to either definition, and the concordance in hypertension status was 89.2% (87.2, 91.0). Among U.S. adults with diabetes not taking antihypertensive medication, 52.8% (47.7, 57.8) were not recommended to initiate antihypertensive medication by either the ACC/AHA or the ADA document and 22.4% (19.2, 25.9) were recommended to initiate it by both documents (overall concordance 75.2% [70.4, 79.4]). Among those taking antihypertensive medication, 45.3% (41.3, 49.4) and 50.4% (46.5, 54.2) had BP above the goal in neither and both documents, respectively (overall concordance 95.7% [93.4, 97.2]).

CONCLUSIONS
A high percentage of U.S. adults with diabetes are provided identical antihypertensive treatment recommendations by the ACC/AHA BP guideline and the ADA diabetes and hypertension position statement.