bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental implantation over prior cesarean scar causes activation of fetal regulatory T cells
Authors: Nguyen Tina A. , Kahn Daniel A. , Loewendorf Andrea I. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionMaternal‐fetal chimerism is miniscule, a testament to the integrity of the uteroplacental interface. The soundness of this border region is potentially altered through cesarean delivery of prior babies with uncertain consequences for the following pregnancies.MethodsUsing multicolor flow cytometry and quantitative PCR of non‐inherited maternal antigens we performed a retrospective case control pilot study and formulated the null hypothesis that placental implantation over a prior uterine scar does not result in the presence of memory Treg (CD45RO+) in the fetus. We then performed a power calculation and performed a blinded, appropriately powered prospective case control study to test the null hypothesis.ResultsFetuses born to mothers with prior uterine scar have a roughly five times higher maternal to fetal microchimerism when the placenta directly interacts with the uterine scar. Unlike exposure to antigens in adult life, in utero antigenic exposure induces tolerogenic (Treg) responses in fetuses and we here report the presence of fetal Treg with a memory phenotype (CD45RO+). However, we only find such CD45RO+ fetal Tregs when the placenta abuts the uterine scar (Risk Ratio = 5 [p < 0.05 CI:(1.448 to 17.27)]). These memory fetal Tregs are functionally highly suppressive compared to CD45RA‐expressing fetal Tregs, and have specificity for non‐inherited maternal antigens.ConclusionsWe found that uterine scars, in the case of our study these scars are from prior c‐sections, fundamentally impair uterine integrity allowing for increased antigen exposure of the fetus; with our appropriately powered study we rejected the null hypothesis and accepted the alternative hypothesis that placental implantation over a prior uterine scar results in the presence of memory Treg (CD45RO+) in the fetus. Thus, our study demonstrates a previously unappreciated role for uterine integrity in limiting fetal antigenic exposure, a key element to avoid the formation of inappropriate tolerances by the fundamentally tolerogenic fetal immune system.
Coronary sinus thrombosis: Echocardiographic visualization in a patient with known risk factors
Authors: Milligan Gregory , Moscona John C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCoronary sinus thrombosis is a rare and often overlooked diagnosis that can have fatal consequences. We report a case of acute coronary sinus thrombosis in a patient with systolic heart failure who had undergone recent right‐heart catheterization. The patient presented with recurrent presyncope, syncope, and shortness of breath. An echogenic focus consistent with a coronary sinus thrombus was visualized on transthoracic echocardiography that had not been seen previously on recent imaging. The patient was managed on oral anticoagulation. Awareness of patients at risk for coronary sinus thrombosis can lead to early detection via bedside echocardiography and early management.
Regression equations for calculation of z scores for echocardiographic measurements of left heart structures in healthy Han Chinese children
Authors: Wang Shan‐Shan , Hong Wen‐Jing , Zhang Yu‐Qi , Chen Shu‐Bao , Huang Guo‐Ying , Zhang Hong‐Yan , Chen Li‐Jun , Wu Lan‐Ping , Shen Rong , Liu Yi‐Qing , Zhu Jun‐Xue 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveClinical decision making in children with heart disease relies on detailed measurements of cardiac structures using two‐dimensional and M‐mode echocardiography. However, no echocardiographic reference values are available for the Chinese children. We aimed to establish z‐score regression equations for left heart structures in a population‐based cohort of healthy Chinese Han children.MethodEchocardiography was performed in 545 children with a normal heart. The dimensions of the aortic valve annulus (AVA), aortic sinuses of Valsalva (ASV), sinotubular junction (STJ), ascending aorta (AAO), left atrium (LA), mitral valve annulus (MVA), interventricular septal end‐diastolic thickness (IVSd), interventricular septal end‐systolic thickness (IVSs), left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVIDd), left ventricular end‐systolic diameter (LVIDs), left ventricular posterior wall end‐diastolic thickness (LVPWd), left ventricular posterior wall end‐systolic thickness (LVPWs) were measured. Regression analyses were conducted to relate the measurements of left heart structures to body surface area (BSA). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were calculated. Several models were used, and the adjusted R2 values were compared for each model.ResultsAVA, ASV, STJ, AAO, LA, MVA, IVSd, IVSs, LVIDd, LVIDs, LVPWd, and LVPWs had a cubic relationship with BSA. LVEF and LVFS fell within a narrow range.ConclusionsOur results provide reference values for z scores and regression equations for left heart structures in Han Chinese children. These data may help make a quick and accurate judgment of the routine clinical measurement of left heart structures in children with heart disease.
Microscopic study on the concretion of ceramics in the “Nanhai I” shipwreck of China, Southern Song Dynasty (1,127–1,279 A.D.)
Authors: Hao Xi‐Luo , Zhu Tie‐Quan , Xu Jin‐Jin , Wang Yan‐Rong , Zhang Xuan‐Wei 
Published: February 2018

Abstract“Nanhai I” shipwreck of China Southern Song Dynasty is the oldest and the most integrally preserved shipwreck in the world. The related conservation and archeological research have caught great attention of different experts all over the world. In this study, different types of concretion covered on the surface of the ceramics in “Nanhai I” shipwreck were analyzed by X‐ray diffractometer, micro‐Raman spectrometer, and scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Based on the analyses, we found that the grey concretion was mainly composed of quartz, aragonite, and calcite while the reddish concretion was mainly composed of pyrite and quartz. Our study indicated that the formation process of the grey concretion probably included the crystallization and transformation of aragonite, while the corrosion of iron implements and crystallization of pyrite were highly involved in the formation of reddish concretion.
Isatin‐(thio)semicarbazide/oxime‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐coumarin Hybrids: Design, Synthesis, and in vitro Anti‐mycobacterial Evaluation
Authors: Xu Yan , Dang Ran , Guan Jianguo , Xu Zhi , Zhao Shijia , Hu Yuanqiang 
Published: February 2018

Isatin and coumarin derivatives with potential anti‐tubercular activity, while (thio)semicarbazide/oxime and 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole moieties exhibited favorable properties such as hydrogen bonding and/or metal chelation capability, so integration of the four pharmacophores into one molecule may provide more effective anti‐tubercular candidates. Based on the consideration earlier, 12 isatin‐(thio)semicarbazide/oxime‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐coumarin hybrids 8a–l were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro anti‐mycobacterial activities against M. tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv and MDR‐TB. The results showed that all the hybrids (MIC: 50–>200 μg/mL) exhibited weak to moderate inhibitory activity against MTB H37Rv and MDR‐TB, which were far less potent than the references isoniazid (MIC: 0.05 μg/mL) and rifampicin (MIC: 0.39 μg/mL) against MTB H37Rv. The most active hybrid 8h (MIC: 50 μg/mL) was comparable with rifampicin (MIC: 32 μg/mL) and more active than isoniazid (MIC: >128 μg/mL) against MDR‐TB, could be act as a lead for further optimization. Moreover, the enriched structure–activity relationship paved the way to the further rational development of this kind of hybrids.
Darunavir/cobicistat showing similar effectiveness as darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy despite lower trough concentrations
Authors: Gutierrez‐Valencia Alicia , Trujillo‐Rodriguez Maria , Fernandez‐Magdaleno Tamara , Espinosa Nuria , Viciana Pompeyo , López‐Cortés Luis F 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionWhen darunavir (DRV) 800 mg is boosted with 150 mg cobicistat (DRVcobi), DRV trough concentration (Ctrough) is about 30% lower as compared to 100 mg ritonavir (DRVrtv). DRVcobi shows similar virological efficacy as DRVrtv when combined with two nucleos(t)ide analogue reverse‐transcriptase inhibitors, but it is unknown whether a lower DRV Ctrough would undermine the effectiveness of DRVcobi when given as monotherapy (mtDRVcobi).MethodsProspective observational study on virologically suppressed HIV‐infected subjects who switched to mtDRVcobi. Virological failure was defined as two consecutive HIV‐RNA >200 copies/mL. Efficacy was evaluated by intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and on‐treatment (OT) analyses, and compared with data from a previous cohort of subjects on mtDRVrtv conducted at our centre. Plasma DRV Ctrough was measured using LC–MS/MS.ResultsA total of 234 subjects were enrolled. At week 96, the efficacy rates were 67.8% (CI95, 61.8 to 73.7) by ITT and 86.9% (CI95, 78.0 to 87.7) by OT analyses. The corresponding rates in our historical DRVrtv controls were 67.6% (CI95, 60.0 to 75.2) and 83.6% (CI95: 77.2 to 90.0). A total of 135 DRV determinations were performed in 83 subjects throughout the follow‐up period, with a median plasma DRV Ctrough of 1305 ng/mL (range, 150 to 5895) compared with 1710 ng/mL (range, 200 to 3838) in subjects on monotherapy with DRVrtv (p = 0.05).ConclusionsDRV Ctrough was lower in HIV‐infected subjects receiving DRVcobi than with DRVrtv. However, this did not appear to influence the efficacy of DRVcobi, when administered as monotherapy.
On taking the STING out of immune activation
Authors: Banete Andra , Seaver Kyle , Bakshi Devyani , Gee Katrina , Basta Sameh 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Nearly a decade ago, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) adaptor protein called stimulator of interferon genes (STING) was found to be critical in the induction of type I IFN production in response to DNA virus infection. STING functions by sensing cytoplasmic DNA and activates key transcription factors, including IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-3 and IRF7, to initiate type I IFN expression. Type I IFNs are vital in immunity against viral infections and can influence cancer cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Several studies have shown that STING activation results in potent antitumor activity by generating strong tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses. Moreover, compared with wild-type, STING-knockout mice show greater susceptibility to viral infections. In this review, we discuss the importance of STING signaling during the induction of immune responses, especially those associated with type I IFN in viral infections and tumor immunity. Furthermore, we highlight recent data that unravel how the STING signaling pathway can be negatively regulated.
The Madden–Julian oscillation during the 2016 summer and its possible impact on rainfall in China
Authors: Shao Xiaolu , Li Shuanglin , Liu Na , Song Jie 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe summer rainfall in China in 2016 exhibited a substantial intraseasonal feature, with an intensification in June and July but a suppression in August over the Yangtze River Basin and North China. The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) during the summer and its impact on rainfall in China are investigated by conducting observational analyses and diagnostic linear baroclinic model (LBM) experiments. A significant MJO activity in the summer is observed with three MJO episodes corresponding to three stages of rainfall in China. The LBM is utilized to diagnose the circulation response to the tropical heating forcing associated with each MJO episode. The results suggest that much of the atmospheric circulation linked to the anomalous rainfall is attributed to the strong MJO episodes. During June–July (August), the enhanced (suppressed) convection over the tropical Indian Ocean along with the suppressed (enhanced) convection over the South China Sea (SCS) to the western Pacific excite an ‘East Asian–Pacific’ north‐eastward‐propagating Rossby wave train, inducing anomalous low‐level anticyclonic (cyclonic) flows over the northern SCS and the western North Pacific but cyclonic (anticyclonic) flows over North China. They lead to a westward (eastward) shift and strengthening (weakening) of the western Pacific subtropical high, thus favouring the intensification (suppression) in rainfall over the Yangtze River Basin and North China along with the opposite variation over South China. Relative to the first MJO episode, the MJO convection in the second episode causes a northward movement of the anomalous rainfall band from the Yangtze River Basin to North China. Apart from the impact on the above regions, the first (second and third) MJO episode favours an increase (reduction) in rainfall over Northeast China.
Evaluation of the subtropical westerly jet and its effects on the projected summer rainfall over central Asia using multi‐CMIP5 models
Authors: Zhao Yong , Yu Xiaojing , Yao Junqiang , Dong Xinning 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBased on historical and RCP8.5 experiments, along with 25 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, we evaluate the skills of the CMIP5 models in simulating the subtropical westerly jet (SWJ) and its effect on the projected summer rainfall over central Asia (CA). The historical experiments show that 23 models can well simulate the changes in the position and strength of the SWJ. Further analysis finds that 21 models can capture the relationship between the SWJ position change and summer rainfall over the domain of 55–85°E and 35–50°N and 17 models can capture the relationship between the SWJ strength change and summer rainfall over the domain of 55–75°E and 45–55°N, where 15 models can capture the relationships between both SWJ strength and position change with summer rainfall. Based on the SWJ change among the 15 models, except for the HadGEM2‐CC model, the 500 hPa winds of the rest 14 models well match the summer rainfall over CA. So the 14 models are used to do next analysis. In the last 50 years of the 21st century, only the inmcm4 model presents the change in the SWJ strength, and the rest 13 models present the changes in the SWJ position. Among above 13 models, 10 models maintain the relationships between the SWJ position change and summer rainfall over the domain of 55–85°E and 35–50°N into the future. Under the background of global warming, the changes in the SWJ position are well related to the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the Indian Ocean in the future. The SST warming over the Indian Ocean results in the South Asian summer monsoon weakening, corresponding to an anomalous anticyclone over the low‐level troposphere of the monsoon regions; this situation results in an anomalous cyclone at the upper level of the troposphere of the northwestern flank of the monsoon heating regions due to Matsuno–Gill‐type responses, which favour the SWJ axis shifting further south. In addition, we also compare the current projected summer rainfall over CA from our selected models with other selected previous models using different methods. The ensemble results show that more summer rainfall occurring in most of Kazakhstan and Xinjiang Province of northwestern China is more likely in the future; in the rest of the countries of CA, there are uncertainties regarding future rainfall changes.
Spatial variations and trends in AOD climatology over East Africa during 2002–2016: a comparative study using three satellite data sets
Authors: Boiyo Richard , Kumar K. Raghavendra , Zhao Tianliang 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAerosol optical depth (AOD) has become one of the most crucial parameters for climate change assessment. This study presents long‐term (2002–2016) spatio‐temporal distributions and trends in AOD over East Africa (EA) retrieved from the moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua [Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB)] and multi‐angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR). An inter‐comparison of AODs retrieved from different algorithms noticed significant positive correlations (r = 0.72 − 0.87) with MISR underestimating MODIS. Moderate (>0.5–0.8) to high (≥0.8) correlations in AOD exhibited over EA, with a few regions representing low (0–0.5) positive correlations. The spatial patterns of annual mean AOD were generally characterized by low (<0.2), moderate (0.2–0.35) and high (>0.35) centres over EA. The seasonal mean AODs over EA were found high (low) during the local dry (wet) seasons, with annual mean (±σ) values of 0.20 ± 0.01, 0.18 ± 0.01 and 0.20 ± 0.02 as observed by DT, DB and MISR, respectively. A single peak distribution of frequencies in AOD was observed by the three sensors in the interval 0.1–0.2, signifying a generally less polluted environment dominated by particular aerosol type. Linear trend analysis revealed an increase in AOD by 0.52, 0.57 and 0.74% year−1 as detected by MISR, DT and DB, respectively, and were consistent with those noted in key meteorological parameters. Furthermore, annual and seasonal spatial trends and tendencies revealed a general increase in AOD over EA, being positive and significant over the northern part of EA. Later, classification of major aerosol types over major cities in EA revealed dominance of continental (74.47%) followed by the mixed (16.22%) and biomass‐burning/urban‐industrial (8.02%) aerosols, with minor contributions from desert dust (1.03%) and clean maritime (0.32%) type of aerosols.
Characterization and comparison of rat monosodium iodoacetate and medial meniscal tear models of osteoarthritic pain
Authors: Brederson Jill‐Desiree , Chu Katharine L. , Xu Jun , Nikkel Arthur L. , Markosyan Stella , Jarvis Michael F. , Edelmayer Rebecca , Bitner Robert S. , McGaraughty Steve 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative form of arthritis that can result in loss of joint function and chronic pain. The pathological pain state that develops with OA disease involves plastic changes in the peripheral and central nervous systems, however, the cellular mechanisms underlying OA are not fully understood. We characterized the medial meniscal tear (MMT) surgical model and the intra‐articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) chemical model of OA in rats. Both models produced histological changes in the knee joint and associated bones consistent with OA pathology. Both models also increased p38 activation in the L3, but not L4 dorsal root ganglia (DRG), increased tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining in the L3 DRG indicating sympathetic sprouting, and increased phosphorylated (p)CREB in thalamic neurons. In MIA‐OA, but not MMT‐OA rats, p38 and pERK were increased in the spinal cord, and pCREB was enhanced in the prefrontal cortex. Using in vivo electrophysiology, elevated spontaneous activity and increased responsiveness of wide dynamic range neurons to stimulation of the knee was found in both models. However, a more widespread sensitization was observed in the MIA‐OA rats as neurons with paw receptive fields spontaneously fired at a greater rate in MIA‐OA than MMT‐OA rats. Taken together, the MIA and MMT models of OA share several common features associated with histopathology and sensitization of primary somatosensory pathways, but, observed differences between the models highlights unique consequences of the related specific injuries, and these differences should be considered when choosing an OA model and when interpreting data outcomes. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2109–2117, 2018.
The C‐terminus of the amelogenin peptide influences the proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kunimatsu Ryo , Awada Tetsuya , Yoshimi Yuki , Ando Kazuyo , Hirose Naoto , Tanne Yuki , Sumi Keisuke , Tanimoto Kotaro 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundAmelogenins are a family of enamel matrix proteins that are important for formation of enamel. Amelogenins may induce division of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), among others. Recently, the C‐terminus of the amelogenin peptide (AMG‐CP) has been shown to enhance the proliferation of cementoblast lineage cells. The role of the amelogenin peptide on the proliferation of human MSCs and related alterations in the intracellular signaling pathway were studied.MethodsMSCs were exposed to AMG‐CP in vitro. The MTS and 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) assays were used to determine proliferation. Expression of the amelogenin receptor, lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), was examined in MSCs with western blotting. Binding of AMG‐CP to LAMP1 was inhibited with anti‐LAMP1 antibody. Components of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)–extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway were studied with western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and U0126, an MAPK inhibitor, was used to inhibit ERK activity.ResultsMSC proliferation was significantly increased in the presence of AMG‐CP and significantly inhibited by anti‐LAMP1 antibody or U0126. Increased phosphorylated ERK1/2 was observed in the presence of AMG‐CP, and decreased phosphorylated ERK1/2 was seen in the presence of anti‐LAMP1 antibody or U0126.ConclusionA C‐terminal amelogenin variant increased the proliferation of MSCs via an interaction with LAMP1 and the MAPK–ERK signaling pathway, indicating the possibility of using MSCs for tissue regeneration in the craniofacial region.
Titanium‐prepared platelet‐rich fibrin provides advantages on periodontal healing: A randomized split‐mouth clinical study
Authors: Arabaci Taner , Albayrak Mevlut 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study to evaluate the contributions of titanium‐prepared platelet‐rich fibrin (T‐PRF) combined with open flap debridement (OFD) on biological markers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)and periodontal outcomes.MethodsTwenty‐nine participants with chronic periodontitis were treated either with autologous T‐PRF+OFD or OFD alone. GCF growth factor levels and relative receptor activator nuclear factor kappa‐B/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) ratio at baseline and 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively were analyzed, and clinical parameters such as probing depth (PD), relative attachment level (RAL) and gingival margin level (GML) at baseline and 9 months after surgery were compared.ResultsThe mean PD reduction, RAL gain, and GML change were significantly greater in the OFD+T‐PRF sites than in the OFD sites (P = 0.033, P = 0.029, and P = 0.026, respectively). Both groups demonstrated increased growth factor levels at week 2 compared with baseline, followed by reductions at weeks 4 and 6. GCF growth factor levels in the test group were seen at higher concentrations with respect to control group until 6 weeks post‐surgery. During this 6‐week period, relative RANKL/OPG ratio was found significantly lower in the OFD+T‐PRF group compared to the OFD group(P < 0.05).ConclusionsUsing T‐PRF membrane combined with OFD provided significantly higher concentrations of growth factors and lower RANKL/OPG ratio in GCF for approximately 4 to 6 weeks, and improved periodontal healing compared to conventional flap sites.