bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Two-Stage State Feedback Controller Supported by Disturbance-State Observer for Vibration Control of a Flexible-Joint Robot
Authors: Pham Minh-Nha , Hamelin Philippe , Hazel Bruce , Liu Zhaoheng 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYJoint flexibility introduces additional degrees of freedom and vibration modes, thus limiting the performance of the manipulator. To improve control bandwidth, this paper proposes an enhanced two-stage state feedback (SFB) controller, which combines two parts. The first is a SFB loop, which considers the motor position as a virtual control input for the link side dynamics. The second is a disturbance-state observer, which compensates disturbances and reconstructs indirect measurements. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller in terms of position tracking, link vibration, and rejection of the kinematic error from the joint’s harmonic drive reducer.
Phraséologismes spécifiques dans les romans historiques et les romans de littérature blanche
Authors: Gonon Laetitia , Sorba Julie 
Published: August 2019

RESUMEDans l’objectif de contraster deux sous-genres du roman contemporain, l’article analyse les réalisations lexicales, syntaxiques, sémantiques et discursives de 8 constructions lexico-syntaxiques (CLS) dans un corpus français constitué de romans historiques (HIST) et de romans de littérature blanche (GEN) postérieurs à 1950. Ces unités phraséologiques récurrentes ont été repérées grâce à la technique des ALR développée dans le Lexicoscope, un outil de linguistique de corpus créé pour fouiller des textes. Les 8 CLS retenues pour cette étude interviennent dans (ou initient) une interaction verbale. Notre propos est de démontrer que ces CLS représentent bien des motifs qui occupent des fonctions discursives (FD) précises dans chaque genre sous-romanesque qu’elles permettent de mieux définir. Nous verrons ainsi que ces motifs de l’interaction verbale peuvent occuper des FD narrative, descriptive et pragmatique dans HIST et GEN mais que seule la FD cognitive est représentée dans GEN.
Pilot biodiversity assessment of the Hkakabo Razi passerine avifauna in northern Myanmar – implications for conservation from molecular genetics
Authors: PÄCKERT MARTIN , MILENSKY CHRISTOPHER M. , MARTENS JOCHEN , KYAW MYINT , SUAREZ-RUBIO MARCELA , THAW WIN NAING , OO SAI SEIN LIN , WOLFGRAMM HANNES , RENNER SWEN C. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe Hkakabo Razi region located in northern Myanmar is an Important Bird Area and part of the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot. Within the framework of the World Heritage Convention to enlist the site under criterion (ix) and (x), we conducted a biodiversity assessment for passerine birds using DNA barcoding and other molecular markers. Of the 441 bird species recorded, we chose 16 target species for a comparative phylogeographic study. Genetic analysis was performed for a larger number of species and helped identifying misidentified species. We found phylogeographic structure in all but one of the 16 study species. In 13 species, populations from northern Myanmar were genetically distinctive and local mitochondrial lineages differed from those found in adjacent regions by 3.9–9.9% uncorrected genetic distances (cytochrome-b). Since the genetic distinctiveness of study populations will be corroborated by further differences in morphology and song as in other South-East Asian passerines, many of them will be candidates for taxonomic splits, or in case an older taxon name is not available, for the scientific description of new taxa. Considering the short time frame of our study we predict that a great part of undetected faunal diversity in the Hkakabo Razi region will be discovered.
Immunolocalization of antioxidant enzymes in testis of rams submitted to long-term heat stress
Authors: Hamilton Thais Rose dos Santos , Duarte Gabriela Esteves , Visintin José Antonio , Assumpção Mayra Elena Ortiz D’Ávila 
Published: August 2019

SummaryLong-term heat stress (HS) induced by testicular insulation generates oxidative stress (OS) on the testicular environment; consequently activating antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The aim of this work was to immunolocalize antioxidant enzymes present in different cells within the seminiferous tubule when rams were submitted to HS. Rams were divided into control (n= 6) and treated group (n= 6), comprising rams subjected to testicular insulation for 240 h. After the testicular insulation period, rams were subjected to orchiectomy. Testicular fragments were submitted to immunohistochemistry for staining against SOD, GR and GPx enzymes. We observed immunolocalization of GPx in more cell types of the testis after HS and when compared with other enzymes. In conclusion, GPx is the main antioxidant enzyme identified in testicular cells in an attempt to maintain oxidative balance when HS occurs.
A population study of prolonged grief in refugees
Authors: Bryant R. A. , Edwards B. , Creamer M. , O'Donnell M. , Forbes D. , Felmingham K. L. , Silove D. , Steel Z. , McFarlane A. C. , van Hooff M. , Nickerson A. , Hadzi-Pavlovic D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
Despite the frequency that refugees suffer bereavement, there is a dearth of research into the prevalence and predictors of problematic grief reactions in refugees. To address this gap, this study reports a nationally representative population-based study of refugees to determine the prevalence of probable prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and its associated problems.

Methods
This study recruited participants from the Building a New Life in Australia (BNLA) prospective cohort study of refugees admitted to Australia between October 2013 and February 2014. The current data were collected in 2015–2016, and comprised 1767 adults, as well as 411 children of the adult respondents. Adult refugees were assessed for trauma history, post-migration difficulties, probable PGD, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mental illness. Children were administered the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Results
In this cohort, 38.1% of refugees reported bereavement, of whom 15.8% reported probable PGD; this represents 6.0% of the entire cohort. Probable PGD was associated with a greater likelihood of mental illness, probable PTSD, severe mental illness, currently unemployed and reported disability. Children of refugees with probable PGD reported more psychological difficulties than those whose parents did not have probable PGD. Probable PGD was also associated with the history of imprisonment, torture and separation from family. Only 56.3% of refugees with probable PGD had received psychological assistance.

Conclusions
Bereavement and probable PGD appear highly prevalent in refugees, and PGD seems to be associated with disability in the refugees and psychological problems in their children. The low rate of access to mental health assistance for these refugees highlights that there is a need to address this issue in refugee populations.
Twin Registries Moving Forward and Meeting the Future: A Review
Authors: Baird Paul N. , Hysi Pirro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwin registries have developed as a valuable resource for the study of many aspects of disease and society over the years in many different countries. A number of these registries include large numbers of twins with data collected at varying information levels for twin cohorts over the past several decades. More recent expansion of twin datasets has allowed for the collection of genetic data, together with many other levels of ‘omic’ information along with multiple demographic, physiological, health outcomes and other measures typically used in epidemiologic research. Other twin data sources outside these registries reflect research interests in particular aspects of disease or specific phenotypic assessment. Twin registries have the potential to play a key role in many aspects of the artificial intelligence/machine learning-driven projects of the future and will continue to keep adapting to the changing research landscape.
Net Additions of Recalcitrant Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Deep Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Romera‐Castillo Cristina , Álvarez Marta , Pelegrí Josep L. , Hansell Dennis A. , Álvarez‐Salgado Xosé Antón 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMost dissolved organic carbon (DOC) sequestered in the deep ocean has residence times of decades to thousands of years, with clear implications for climate regulation, though some net removal is typically observed with increasing water mass age. Here, a high‐quality‐high‐resolution data set has allowed us to identify net additions of recalcitrant DOC in specific water masses of the deep South Atlantic. Overall, the South Atlantic is a net source of recalcitrant DOC, adding 0.027 ± 0.019 Pg C/year, while the North Atlantic is a net sink that removes 0.298 ± 0.141 Pg C/year. We find that the balance of addition/removal of recalcitrant DOC depends not only on the origin but also on the temperature, age, and depth of the water masses that circulate and mix in the Atlantic Ocean. Future changes in the water mass composition and circulation patterns due to climate change would eventually affect that balance, altering the carbon cycle.
Hydraulic Characterization of River Networks Based on Flow Patterns Simulated by 2‐D Shallow Water Modeling: Scaling Properties, Multifractal Interpretation, and Perspectives for Channel Heads Detection
Authors: Costabile Pierfranco , Costanzo Carmelina , De Bartolo Samuele , Gangi Fabiola , Macchione Francesco , Tomasicchio Giuseppe R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper is focused on the contribution that the two‐dimensional Shallow Water Equations could provide in respect to the fields of research devoted to the river networks analysis. The novelty introduced in this work is represented, in particular, by the hydraulic characterization of the river drainage networks, starting from flow patterns simulated by the two‐dimensional Shallow Water Equations on high‐resolution digital elevation model (DEM) through the analysis of water depths flowing down the hillslopes, channelized in both the main river and in all the tributaries or stored in small depressions. The first finding of this research is the determination of scaling laws that describe the relations between the water depth threshold, used to identify the network cells, and a dimensionless area, related to the total area of the network cells themselves. The observed bimodal scaling behavior has been considered as representative of the flow patterns belonging to the channel networks (CN) and hillslope plus channel networks (HCN), the physical and geomorphological interpretation of which has been provided from a multifractal point of view. In particular, the analysis of the multifractal spectra highlights significant variations in the multifractal signatures, between the CN and the HCN structures, leading to the proposal of a novel criterion for channels heads detection that has provided encouraging predictions of field observations.
A Spatially Explicit Assessment of Growing Water Stress in China From the Past to the Future
Authors: Liu Xingcai , Tang Qiuhong , Liu Wenfeng , Veldkamp Ted I.E. , Boulange Julien , Liu Junguo , Wada Yoshihide , Huang Zhongwei , Yang Hong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, we examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of water stress in China for the historical (1971–2010) and the future (2021–2050) periods using a multimodel simulation approach. Three water stress indices (WSIs), that is, the ratios of water withdrawals to locally generated runoff (WSIR), to natural streamflow (WSIQ), and to natural streamflow minus upstream consumptive water withdrawals (WSIC), are used for the assessment. At the basin level, WSIR estimates generally match the reported data and indicate severe water stress in most northern basins. At the grid cell level, the WSIs show distinct spatial patterns of water stress wherein WSIR (WSIQ) estimates higher (lower) water stress compared to WSIC. Based on the WSIC estimates, 368 million people (nearly one third of the total population) are affected by severe water stress annually during the historical period, while WSIR and WSIQ suggest 595 and 340 million, respectively. Future projections of WSIC indicate that more than 600 million people (43% of the total) might be affected by severe water stress, and half of China's land area would be exposed to stress. The found aggravating water stress conditions could be partly attributed to the elevated future water withdrawals. This study emphasizes the necessity of considering explicit upstream and downstream relations with respect to both water availability and water use in water stress assessment and calls for more attention to increasing levels of water stress in China in the coming decades.
Reconciling Observation and Model Trends in North Atlantic Surface CO2
Authors: Lebehot Alice D. , Halloran Paul R. , Watson Andrew J. , McNeall Doug , Ford David A. , Landschützer Peter , Lauvset Siv K. , Schuster Ute 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe North Atlantic Ocean is a region of intense uptake of atmospheric CO2. To assess how this CO2 sink has evolved over recent decades, various approaches have been used to estimate basin‐wide uptake from the irregularly sampled in situ CO2 observations. Until now, the lack of robust uncertainties associated with observation‐based gap‐filling methods required to produce these estimates has limited the capacity to validate climate model simulated surface ocean CO2 concentrations. After robustly quantifying basin‐wide and annually varying interpolation uncertainties using both observational and model data, we show that the North Atlantic surface ocean fugacity of CO2 (fCO2−ocean) increased at a significantly slower rate than that simulated by the latest generation of Earth System Models during the period 1992–2014. We further show, with initialized model simulations, that the inability of these models to capture the observed trend in surface fCO2−ocean is primarily due to biases in the models' ocean biogeochemistry. Our results imply that current projections may underestimate the contribution of the North Atlantic to mitigating increasing future atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Large Gas Reservoir Along the Rift Axis of a Continental Back‐Arc Basin Revealed by Automated Seismic Velocity Analysis in the Okinawa Trough
Authors: Mukumoto Kota , Tsuji Takeshi , Hendriyana Andri 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the Okinawa Trough off southwestern Japan, hydrothermal circulation due to back‐arc rifting is active. Biogenic CH4 in discharging hydrothermal fluids at the Iheya North Knoll is derived from outside the knoll; however, the location of the gas reservoir has not been identified. Here, we applied automated velocity analysis to seismic reflection data to obtain a P wave velocity structure in high spatial resolution. The resulting profiles reveal large gas reservoirs as low‐velocity zones along the rifting axis (>5 km for axis direction) around the Iheya North Knoll. The main gaseous components in the reservoir could be CO2 and CH4. The heat flow inferred from seismic profiles (i.e., depth of reflector) indicates that CH4 hydrate could be trapping the gas. Furthermore, the heat flow is higher at the rifting axis and close to the knoll, reflecting the large gas reservoir feeding the hydrothermal fluids in the discharging area at the knoll.
Residual Trapping of CO2 in an Oil‐Filled, Oil‐Wet Sandstone Core: Results of Three‐Phase Pore‐Scale Imaging
Authors: Iglauer Stefan , Paluszny Adriana , Rahman Taufiq , Zhang Yihuai , Wülling Wolfgang , Lebedev Maxim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCO2 geosequestration in oil reservoirs is an economically attractive solution as it can be combined with enhanced oil recovery (CO2‐EOR). However, the effectiveness of the associated three‐phase displacement processes has not been tested at the micrometer pore scale, which determines the overall reservoir‐scale fluid dynamics and thus CO2‐EOR project success. We thus imaged such displacement processes in situ in 3‐D with X‐ray microcomputed tomography at high resolution at reservoir conditions and found that oil extraction was enhanced substantially, while a significant residual CO2 saturation (13.5%) could be achieved in oil‐wet rock. Statistics of the residual CO2 and oil clusters are also provided; they are similar to what is found in analogue two‐phase systems although some details are different, and displacement processes are significantly more complex.
Tropical Cyclone Cold Wake Size and Its Applications to Power Dissipation and Ocean Heat Uptake Estimates
Authors: Zhang Jishi , Lin Yanluan , Chavas Daniel R. , Mei Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMixing of the upper ocean by the wind field associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) creates observable cold wakes in sea surface temperature and may potentially influence ocean heat uptake. The relationship between cold wake size and storm size, however, has yet to be explored. Here we apply two objective methods to observed daily sea surface temperature data to quantify the size of TC‐induced cold wakes. The obtained cold wake sizes agree well with the TC sizes estimated from the QuikSCAT‐R wind field database with a correlation coefficient of 0.51 and 0.59, respectively. Furthermore, our new estimate of the total cooling that incorporates the variations in the cold wake size provides improved estimates of TC power dissipation and TC‐induced ocean heat uptake. This study thus highlights the importance of cold wake size in evaluating the climatological effects of TCs.
Robust Solar Signature in Late Winter Precipitation Over Southern China
Authors: Ma Hedi , Chen Haishan , Lai Anwei , Li Xing , Wang Ruili , Gao Chujie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe 11‐year solar cycle (SC) has been widely recognized as a potential source of regional climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter. However, whether an SC signal exists in the southern China winter precipitation remains unclear. By analyzing land surface precipitation and sunspot number data from 1901 to 2010 in this study, evidence of a robust positive precipitation response that is synchronous with the SC in late winter (January–March) over southern China is provided, and the most statistically significant signals (p < 0.01) are detected over the middle Yangtze River basin. In early winter (October–December), there are only nonsignificant negative responses. The late winter SC‐precipitation relationship persists over time and appears to largely result from a solar‐associated Rossby wave train originating from the North Atlantic/European region. Our results indicate an enhanced predictability of late winter precipitation over southern China.
Seasonal Predictability of the Winter North Atlantic Oscillation From a Jet Stream Perspective
Authors: Parker Tess , Woollings Tim , Weisheimer Antje , O'Reilly Chris , Baker Laura , Shaffrey Len 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has varied on interannual and decadal timescales over the last century, associated with variations in the speed and latitude of the eddy‐driven jet stream. This paper uses hindcasts from two operational seasonal forecast systems (the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts's seasonal forecast system, and the U.K. Met Office global seasonal forecast system) and a century‐long atmosphere‐only experiment (using the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts's Integrated Forecasting System model) to relate seasonal prediction skill in the NAO to these aspects of jet variability. This shows that the NAO skill realized so far arises from interannual variations in the jet, largely associated with its latitude rather than speed. There likely remains further potential for predictability on longer, decadal timescales. In the small sample of models analyzed here, improved representation of the structure of jet variability does not translate to enhanced seasonal forecast skill.
Mineral Abundances Inferred From In Situ Reflectance Measurements of Chang'E‐4 Landing Site in South Pole‐Aitken Basin
Authors: Hu Xiaoyi , Ma Pei , Yang Yazhou , Zhu Meng‐Hua , Jiang Te , Lucey Paul G. , Sun Lingzhi , Zhang Hao , Li Chunlai , Xu Rui , He Zhiping , Lin Hongyu , Huang Changning , Sun Yuxue 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuring its first two lunar day measurements, the visible and near‐infrared spectrometer on board the Yutu‐2 Rover of the Chang'E‐4 mission acquired six in situ reflectance spectra from the floor of Von Kármán crater within the South Pole‐Aitken basin. A spectral lookup table search has shown that the regolith at the landing site contains 56–72% plagioclase, 9–28% orthopyroxene, 4–19% clinopyroxene, and 2–12% olivine, in relative abundance, in agreement with the results from Kaguya Multiband Imager mineral mapping. A mineral composition analysis using measurements made by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper and the Multiband Imager has shown that the surface materials of the landing site may have been ejected from the nearby Finsen crater. This result is also supported by principal component analysis which shows a strong correlation between the compositions of the landing area and Finsen crater.
Disentangling the Drivers of the Summertime Ozone‐Temperature Relationship Over the United States
Authors: Kerr Gaige Hunter , Waugh Darryn W. , Strode Sarah A. , Steenrod Stephen D. , Oman Luke D. , Strahan Susan E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSummertime surface‐level ozone (O3) is known to vary with temperature, but the relative roles of different processes responsible for causing the O3‐temperature relationship are not well quantified. In this study we use simulations of NASA's Global Modeling Initiative chemical transport model to isolate and assess the relative impact of atmospheric transport, chemistry, and emissions on large‐scale O3variability, events, and and the covariance of O3with temperature. Using observations from the Clean Air Status and Trends Network in the contiguous United States, we show that the Global Modeling Initiative chemical transport model reproduces the spatiotemporal variability of O3and its relationship with temperature during the summer. We use the change in O3given a change in temperature (dO3/dT) along with other metrics to understand differences between our simulations. In regions with moderate to strong positive correlations between temperature and O3such as the northeast, Great Lakes, and Great Plains, temperature's association with transport yields a majority of the total O3‐temperature relationship (∼60%), while temperature‐dependent chemistry and anthropogenic NO emissions play smaller roles (∼30% and ∼10%, respectively). There are regions, however, with insignificant correlations between temperature and O3, and our findings suggest that transport is still an important driver of O3variability in these regions, albeit not correlated with temperature. Transport is not directly dependent on temperature but rather is linked through an indirect association, and it is therefore important to understand the exact mechanisms that link transport to O3and how these mechanisms will change in a warming world.