bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic brain injury and risk of dementia at different levels of cognitive ability and education
Authors: Osler M. , Rozing M. P. , Eliasen M. H. , Christensen K. , Mortensen E. L. 
Published: October 2019

Background and purposeThe effect of cognitive resources on the risk of dementia following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has hardly been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of cognitive ability and education in young adulthood on the association between TBI and dementia in men.MethodA cohort of 658 447 Danish men, born between 1939 and 1959, who had been cognitively assessed at conscription were followed in the Danish National Patient Registry and the National Prescription Registry from 1977 through 2016 for incident TBI and dementia. The association between TBI and dementia was analysed using Cox proportional regression.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 29 781(4.5%) men experienced TBI and 10 971(1.7%) developed dementia. TBI was associated with a higher risk of subsequent dementia after adjustment for cognitive ability, education and psychiatric comorbidity. The risk estimate was higher for early‐onset dementia (hazard ratio 5.49, 95% confidence interval 4.97–6.06) than for dementia diagnosed after age 60 years (hazard ratio 2.85, 95% confidence interval 2.63–3.10). The association was slightly stronger in men with the highest cognitive scores or education than amongst those at lower levels.ConclusionYoung adult cognitive ability did not explain a relatively strong association between TBI and dementia, and no evidence was found that cognitive ability or education was protective.
What remains after transient global amnesia (TGA)? An ultra‐high field 7 T magnetic resonance imaging study of the hippocampus
Authors: Paech D. , Kuder T. A. , Roßmanith C. , Griebe M. , Eisele P. , Platten M. , Ladd M. E. , Schlemmer H. ‐P. , Gass A. , Szabo K. 
Published: October 2019

Background and purposeThe aim was to study whether ultra‐high field 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can demonstrate chronic focal defects in the hippocampus corresponding to the former acute diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) lesions and to assess chronic T2‐hyperintense hippocampal lesion load in transient global amnesia (TGA) patients.MethodsFollow‐up of 7 T MRI of the hippocampus was performed in 13 patients with documented hippocampal DWI lesions (detected via 3 T MRI) after acute TGA. The location of the DWI lesions was transformed to 7 T T2 images after data co‐registration. Additionally, the T2‐hyperintense lesion load was estimated in each patient and compared with that of 13 healthy controls.ResultsMagnetic resonance imaging (7 T) was performed after a median of 4 months. No structural abnormality at the site of the previous TGA lesion was observed in any case. None of the controls showed DWI lesions. There was no significant difference between patients and controls concerning the number (P = 0.67) or volume (P = 0.45) of T2‐hyperintense hippocampal lesions.ConclusionsDiffusion‐weighted imaging lesions in patients with TGA do not provoke any visible sequelae and do not result in hippocampal cavities. The occurrence of incidental hippocampal T2 lesions after TGA is not more frequent than in controls.
For the Healing of the Nations
Authors: Winbush Robina Marie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis meditation on Revelation 22:1‐5, preached at the conclusion of the World Council of Churches' 9th Assembly in Porto Alegre, Brazil, holds up the vision of a world in transformation, and of a life‐giving river that nourishes the earth and all creation, and that cannot be privatized or exploited for the benefit of a few, and that flows freely and directly from the throne of God. The theme of the 9th Assembly was “God, in your grace, transform the world.” It is a prayer that carries, as most prayers do, a confession of faith that the world needs to be transformed and can be transformed.
An investigation into the association between plantar distal phalanx angle and hindlimb lameness in aUKpopulation of horses
Authors: Clements P. E. , Handel I. , McKane S. A. , Coomer R. P. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryLow heels are the most common hoof conformational abnormality seen in both the front and hind feet of horses. A low/negative distal phalanx angle in the front feet has been associated with palmar heel injuries but only recently has the significance of low/negative angles in the hind feet received attention. A study including a greater number of horses more representative of theUKhorse population would be useful toUKequine practitioners. Our null hypothesis was that the plantar distal phalanx angle does not differ between horses with and without hindlimb lameness. For this prospective case‐controlled study, horses presenting for orthopaedic complaints underwent a complete lameness assessment. Theplantar distal phalanx angulation(PDPA), the angle between a line parallel to solar surface contacting the ground and the solar margin of the distal phalanx, was calculated from lateromedial radiographs. Horses were included in the study if hindlimb lameness was definitively localised by diagnostic anaesthesia. Student'st‐tests and multivariable linear regression models were used for statistical analysis. One hundred and eighty‐two horses met the inclusion criteria, 132 with hindlimb lameness and 50 controls. The mean leftPDPAforHLLgroup was −1.0° vs. +1.8° for the controls. The mean rightPDPAforHLLgroup was −1.1° vs. +1.4° in controls (both P<0.001). Lameness was most frequently localised to the stifle (59% of horses), followed by the distal tarsal joints and the proximal suspensory region. A limitation of the study was that the control group included some forelimb lame horses. It was concluded that horses with hindlimb lameness, including lameness localised to the stifle, were more likely to have negativePDPAs. While Pezzaniteet al. (2019) previously reported a relationship between negative/neutralPDPAand tarsal/metatarsal lameness, this study is the first to find a relationship to stifle lameness, which may reflect differences in the populations of horses examined. Further kinematic studies are required to determine whether it is a cause or effect relationship.
Leaf litter identity alters the timing of lotic nutrient dynamics
Authors: Robbins Caleb J. , Matthaeus William J. , Cook Stephen C. , Housley Lauren M. , Robison Sarah E. , Garbarino Matt A. , LeBrun Erick S. , Raut Swastika , Tseng Chi‐Yen , King Ryan S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The effects of resource quality on ecosystems can shift through time based on preferential use and elemental needs of biotic consumers. For example, leaf litter decomposition rates are strongly controlled by initial litter quality, where labile litter is processed and depleted more quickly than recalcitrant litters.

We examined the effect of this processing continuum on stream nutrient dynamics. We added one of four different litter compositions differing in litter quality (cottonwood [Populus deltoides], labile; sycamore [Platanus occidentalis], recalcitrant; bur oak [Quercus macrocarpa], recalcitrant; and mixed [equivalent mixture of previous three species]) to 12 large (c. 20 m long, with riffle, glide and pool sections) outdoor stream mesocosms to assess the effect of litter species composition on whole‐stream nutrient uptake. Nutrients were dosed once weekly for 8 weeks to measure uptake of NH4–N, NO3–N, and PO4–P. We also measured changes in litter C, N, and P content on days 28 and 56 of the study.

Nutrient uptake rates were highly variable, but occasionally very different among litter treatments (c. 5× between highest and lowest uptake rates by species). Uptake rates were generally greatest in cottonwood (labile) streams early in the study. However, during the last 4 weeks of the study, bur oak streams (recalcitrant) took up more nutrients than cottonwood streams, resulting in more cumulative NO3–N uptake in bur oak than in cottonwood streams. Cumulative NO3–N uptake was greater in mixed streams than expected (non‐additive) on two dates of measurement, but was generally additive.

Changes in litter nutrient content largely corroborated nutrient uptake patterns, suggesting strong N immobilisation early in the study and some N mineralisation later in the study. P was strongly retained by most litters, but especially bur oak. Nutrient content of litter also largely changed additively, suggesting minimal evidence for non‐additive diversity effects on nutrient source/sink status.

Our results demonstrate that litter species identity can have whole‐ecosystem effects on stream nutrient dynamics, with important implications for the form and fate of nutrients exported downstream. Further, diverse litter assemblages may serve as temporal stabilisers of ecosystem processes, such as nutrient sequestration, due to microbial nutrient requirements and differential decomposition rates, or the classic litter processing continuum.
State‐level capital and investment: Refinements and update
Authors: El‐Shagi Makram , Yamarik Steven 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents updated estimates for state‐level private capital and investment for 1950–2015. We improve upon the procedure of Garofalo and Yamarik (2002) and Yamarik (2013) using quantity measures to apportion the mining capital stock and a geometric pattern of depreciation to derive investment data. We provide a brief overview of our new estimates, discuss their reliability, and present the website where the data are posted and updated annually.
Management of Helicobacter pylori infection by clinicians: A nationwide survey in a developing country
Authors: Song Conghua , Xie Chuan , Zhu Yin , Liu Wenzhong , Zhang Guoxin , He Shuixiang , Zheng Pengyuan , Lan Chunhui , Zhang Zhenyu , Hu Renwei , Du Qin , Xu Jianming , Chen Ye , Zeng Zhirong , Cheng Hong , Wang Xuehong , Zuo Xiuli , Lu Hong , Guo Tao , Chen Zhifen , Xie Yong , Lu Nonghua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsDeveloping countries are making efforts to improve health management. Practice deviating from the guideline means inefficient control. The study aims to investigate the management of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection from a developing country perspective.MethodsAn authoritative survey was conducted in 14th (2014) and 17th (2017) Congress of Gastroenterology China, respectively. The Maastricht V/Florence consensus report was invoked as the evaluation criterion.ResultsA total of 4182 valid samples were included in this study. Most of the respondents (94%) updated knowledge by lectures. Respondents had a different awareness rate of H pylori‐related diseases, ranging from 45% to 95%. Up to 40% of the respondents did not follow the recommendations for the diagnosis. Choice accuracy of eradication regimens and antibiotic combinations was <70%. About 20% of the respondents did not pay attention to the confirmation after the eradication. The situation had been improved in 2017 when compared with that in 2014 (all P < .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that influencing factors including nongastroenterologists, bachelor degree and below, the primary professional title, hospital location, and a small proportion of H pylori infection in daily practice related to the deviation of consensus (all P < .05).ConclusionsAlthough the management of H pylori infection has been improved in a developing country, there is still a gap between the real‐world practices and the consensus. Influencing factors should be taken into account in decision‐making, and the corresponding population should be strengthened with precision training during the promotion of the guideline.
Lithological, structural, and chronological relationships between the Sanbagawa Metamorphic Complex and the Cretaceous Shimanto Accretionary Complex on the central Kii Peninsula, SW Japan
Authors: Shimura Yusuke , Tokiwa Tetsuya , Takeuchi Makoto , Mori Hiroshi , Yamamoto Koshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt is essential to clarify the lithological, structural, and chronological relationships between the Sanbagawa Metamorphic Complex (MC) and the Cretaceous Shimanto Accretionary Complex (AC) for understanding the tectonic evolution of SW Japan. To this end, we carried out a detailed field survey of the Sanbagawa MC and the Cretaceous Shimanto AC on the central Kii Peninsula, where they are in direct contact with each other. We also conducted U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from these complexes. The field survey showed that the boundary between the Iro Complex of the Sanbagawa MC and the Mugitani Complex of the Shimanto AC, Narai Fault, shows a sinistral sense of shear with a reverse dip‐slip component, and there are significant differences in the strain intensity and the degree of recrystallization between the two complexes across this fault. Detrital zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the Iro Complex in the hanging wall of the Narai Fault shows a significantly younger maximum depositional age than the Mugitani Complex in the footwall of the fault, and an apparently large gap in the MDA of ca. 35 Myr exists across this fault. This large age gap across the Narai Fault suggests that this fault is an essential tectonic boundary fault within the Cretaceous accretionary–metamorphic complexes on the Kii Peninsula, and is considered to be an out‐of‐sequence thrust. In addition, a similar shear direction and a large age gap have been identified across the Ui Thrust, which marks the boundary between the Kouyasan and Hidakagawa belts of the Cretaceous Shimanto AC. The Cretaceous accretionary–metamorphic complexes record the large‐scale tectonic juxtapositions of complexes, and these juxtaposed structures had been caused by sinistral–reverse movements on the tectonic boundary faults such as the Narai Fault and the Ui Thrust.
Consumer ethics, materialism and material satisfaction: A study on Turkish adolescent consumers
Authors: Ozgen Ozlen , Esiyok Elif 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to reveal the differences among consumer ethics, materialistic attitudes and material satisfaction of the adolescents across the socio‐economic level and gender in Turkey. The sample of the study is formed by randomly selected high schools students (n = 350) in Ankara. The results indicated that consumer ethics, materialistic attitudes and material satisfaction varied according to socio‐economic level (p < .01). Among materialistic attitudes and material satisfaction, only a significant difference is found on consumer ethics across the gender. There is no significant difference among gender on materialistic attitudes and material satisfaction. In general, males’ ethical beliefs were found lower than the females.
Development and characterisation of functional cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)‐based edible films
Authors: Karača Sara , Trifković Kata , Martinić Arijana , Đorđević Verica , Šeremet Danijela , Vojvodić Cebin Aleksandra , Bugarski Branko , Komes Draženka 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe aim of this study was to develop functional edible films containing cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) powder extract using alginate, pectin and chitosan in combination with proteins (whey protein isolate, soya and hemp protein). The films were examined for their physico‐chemical (dry matter content, colour, thickness), mechanical (elongation at break (EAB)), bioactive (the content of total polyphenols (TPC), flavan‐3‐ols (F3olC), antioxidant capacity (AC)) and sensory properties. The plain alginate film exhibited the highest EAB (29.1%). The highest TPC and F3olC were determined in plain alginate (29 mg GAE/g and 2.75 mg (+)‐catechin/g) and pectin (29 mg GAE/g and 2.25 mg (+)‐catechin/g) films. The addition of proteins resulted in prolonged release of polyphenols and enhanced functional properties; however, the formation of protein–polyphenol complexes caused slight alterations in the bioactive composition of the films. The obtained results indicate a high potential of the developed films as functional, biodegradable form of active food packaging.
Effects of the programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1) polymorphisms in susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Fathi Farshid , Sadeghi Erfan , Lotfi Noushin , Hafezi Hossein , Ahmadi Meysam , Mozafarpoor Samaneh , Motedayyen Hossein 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe failure of immunological tolerance to self‐antigens plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PD‐1 is an inhibitory receptor for regulating the immune system and preventing development of autoimmune disorders. This study aimed to determine the role of four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1 or PD‐1) gene and haplotypes defined by these SNPs in susceptibility to SLE in the Iranian population. Blood samples were obtained from 253 SLE and 564 healthy subjects. Red blood cells were lysed and genomic DNAs were extracted using salting‐out method. Genotype determinations of PD1.1, PD1.3, PD1.5 and PD1.9 SNPs were performed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP), and 12 haplotypes were constructed by PDCD1 SNPs. Our results showed significant differences in PD1.5 genotype frequencies between patient and control groups (p < .001). The frequencies of PD1.5 C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes versus other genotypes in SLE patients significantly differed from healthy subjects (p < .001, p = .001 and p = .002, respectively). Allelic analysis indicated a significant association between the frequency of PD1.5C allele and development of SLE in our population (odds ratio [OR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51–2.42, p < .001). At the haplotype level, GGCC, GACT and GGCT haplotypes were significantly different between SLE and control groups (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.73–2.66, p < .001; OR = 9.76, 95% CI = 4.47–21.3, p < .001; and OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.24–0.42, p < .001, respectively). Based on these findings, PD1.5 SNP and some haplotypes of PDCD1 contribute to SLE risk in the Iranian population.
Trans‐tract electrocoagulation can decrease the need for postoperative nephrostomy tube after endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery
Authors: Takeda Masashi , Iwamoto Hideyasu , Miyake Nao , Ito Kaoru , Inoue Masahiro , Sato Shunsuke , Shitamura Takahiro , Kamimura Toshio , Terada Naoki , Kobayashi Takahiko , Kamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2019

AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of trans‐tract electrocoagulation at the end of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery for renal or ureteral stones.MethodsThe present study included patients who underwent endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery from May 2010 to March 2018. After June 2013, the trans‐tract electrocoagulation procedure, to coagulate bleeding from the access tract using a resectscope was carried out at the end of the operation. We compared the patients’ background and surgical outcomes between patients with and without trans‐tract electrocoagulation.ResultsBetween the trans‐tract electrocoagulation (n = 225) and non‐trans‐tract electrocoagulation (n = 72) groups, the stone number was significantly smaller (1:2:3 or more, 126:72:27 vs 59:10:3, P = 0.001) and the initial stone‐free rates were significantly higher (80% vs 72%, P = 0.006) in the trans‐tract electrocoagulation group than in the non‐trans‐tract electrocoagulation group. Patients experienced a higher nephrostomy tube‐free rate (67% vs 26%, P < 0.0001), shorter postoperative catheterization time (2.8 ± 3.8 vs 5.4 ± 5.0 days, P = 0.002) and shorter hospital stay (6.5 ± 3.6 vs 8.8 ± 5.0 days, P = 0.0001) in the trans‐tract electrocoagulation group than in the non‐trans‐tract electrocoagulation group.ConclusionsTrans‐tract electrocoagulation in endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery is a safe and efficient procedure that decreases the need for nephrostomy tube placement after surgery.
L'effet de l'éducation sur les disparités salariales dans le secteur informel: l'exemple du Cameroun
Authors: ATANGANA ONDOA Henri 
Published: October 2019

RésuméL'auteur analyse l'effet de l'éducation sur les disparités salariales dans le secteur informel au Cameroun. L'analyse s'appuie sur des régressions quantiles et des données de l'enquête EESI 2 (deuxième enquête sur l'emploi et le secteur informel au Cameroun, menée en 2010). Elle montre que, dans le secteur informel, le salaire augmente avec le niveau d'instruction, de même que les disparités salariales (qui se creusent notamment sous l'effet d'un diplôme du supérieur). Plusieurs recommandations de politique générale en découlent, en vue d'une formalisation de l'économie: créer plus d'emplois pour la main‐d'œuvre qualifiée, fournir des infrastructures adaptées aux activités informelles et développer la formation professionnelle.
Infection by the castrating parasitic nematode Sphaerularia bombi changes gene expression in Bombus terrestris bumblebee queens
Authors: Colgan T. J. , Carolan J. C. , Sumner S. , Blaxter M. L. , Brown M. J. F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractParasitism can result in dramatic changes in host phenotype, which are themselves underpinned by genes and their expression. Understanding how hosts respond at the molecular level to parasites can therefore reveal the molecular architecture of an altered host phenotype. The entomoparasitic nematode Sphaerularia bombi is a parasite of bumblebee (Bombus) hosts where it induces complex behavioural changes and host castration. To examine this interaction at the molecular level, we performed genome‐wide transcriptional profiling using RNA‐Sequencing (RNA‐Seq) of S. bombi‐infected Bombus terrestris queens at two critical time‐points: during and just after overwintering diapause. We found that infection by S. bombi affects the transcription of genes underlying host biological processes associated with energy usage, translation, and circadian rhythm. We also found that the parasite affects the expression of immune genes, including members of the Toll signalling pathway providing evidence for a novel interaction between the parasite and the host immune response. Taken together, our results identify host biological processes and genes affected by an entomoparasitic nematode providing the first steps towards a molecular understanding of this ecologically important host–parasite interaction.
Review of HIV testing recommendations in Australian specialty guidelines for HIV indicator conditions: a missed opportunity for recommending testing?
Authors: Lin Yi Dan , Eades Laura , Nair Ajit , Korman Tony M. , Woolley Ian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAustralian National human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Testing policy recommends HIV indicator condition‐based testing, adapted from the European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) guidelines.AimTo evaluate the extent that Australian non‐HIV specialty guidelines mention and recommend HIV testing in HIV indicator conditions.MethodsEACS guidelines were reviewed to produce a list of 24 AIDS‐defining conditions (ADC) and 31 indicator conditions (IC) where HIV prevalence >0.1%, and 5 IC where HIV non‐diagnosis would have adverse effect on patients' management. Australian guidelines for these conditions were identified from websites of specialty societies, electronic Therapeutic Guidelines, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), state governments, MEDLINE and Google searches. We identified eight key IC as that were part of the HIDES I study.ResultsOverall, 51 ADC and IC had Australian guidelines: 24/51(47%) mention association with HIV and 14/51 (27%) recommend HIV testing. Twenty‐five out of 51 (49%) Australian guidelines were for ADC: 18/25(72%) mention association with HIV and 5/25 (20%) recommend testing. Twenty‐five out of 51 (49%) were guidelines IC with HIV prevalence of 0.1%: 6/25 (24%) mention HIV association and 8/25 (32%) recommend HIV testing. Two of eight (25%) key IC had no Australian guidelines and 3/8 (38%) do not mention HIV association or recommend HIV testing.ConclusionsAlthough almost half of HIV non‐HIV guidelines for ADC and IC mention HIV association, only 27% specifically recommend HIV testing. This suggests partnership with guideline development and specialist groups may be useful to ensure patients diagnosed with ADC/IC are tested for HIV.