bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rosenzweig-Macaurther Model with Holling type II Predator Functional Response for Constant Delayed Migration
Authors: Samuel Apima B. , George Lawi O. , Kagendo Nthiiri J. 
Published: August 2019

Predator-prey models describe the interaction between two species, the prey which serves as a food source to the predator. The migration of the prey for safety reasons after a predator attack and the predator in search of food, from a patch to another may not be instantaneous. In this paper, a Rosenzweig-MacAurther model with a Holling-type II predator functional response and time delay in the migration of both species is developed and analysed. Stability analysis of the system shows that depending on the prey growth and prey migration rates either both species go to extinction or co-exist. Numerical simulations show that a longer delay in the migration of the species leads makes the model to stabilize at a slower rate compared to when the delay is shorter. Relevant agencies likethe Kenya Wildlife Service should address factors that slow down migration of species, for example, destruction of natural habitats for human settlement and activities, which may cause delay in migration.
Growing Human Dermal Fibroblasts as Spheroids Renders Them Susceptible for Early Expression of Pluripotency Genes
Authors: Lo Lok Man , Raghunath Michael , Lee Kenneth K. H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSuspension spheroid cultures of anchorage‐dependent cell types have been widely used in cancer and stem cell research, as well as for producing organoids. It is believed that the 3‐dimensional spheroid presents cells with a more physiological microenvironment to grow so that they behave more like cells in vivo, which is lacking in conventional 2‐dimensional monolayer cultures. Recently, it has been reported that cancer cells grown as spheroids could express stem cell‐associated genes. Hence, it is investigated whether normal mouse and human fibroblasts cultured as spheroids could also be induced to express stem cell‐associated genes. The transcriptomes of human fibroblasts cultured as a monolayer and spheroids are compared and analyzed using real‐time RT‐qPCR, RNA‐sequencing, and bioinformatics. The results reveal that the spheroid transcriptome resemble somatic cells being reprogramed into stem cells, including the induced expression of stemness‐associated genes, increased expression of mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition‐associated genes, and decreased expression of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition‐associated genes. In this context, it is hypothesized that during the process of spheroid formation, matrix‐cell signaling is lost in favor of cell–cell contact signaling and that this subsequently increases the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway that then upregulates Tbdx3 and stemness‐associated genes.
Functional Macromolecule‐Enabled Colloidal Synthesis: From Nanoparticle Engineering to Multifunctionality
Authors: Lu Derong , Zhou Jiajing , Hou Shuai , Xiong Qirong , Chen Yonghao , Pu Kanyi , Ren Jinghua , Duan Hongwei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of well‐defined inorganic colloidal nanostructures using functional macromolecules is an enabling technology that offers the possibility of fine‐tuning the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and has contributed to a broad range of practical applications. The utilization of functional reactive polymers and their colloidal assemblies leads to a high level of control over structural parameters of inorganic nanoparticles that are not easily accessible by conventional methods based on small‐molecule ligands. Recent advances in polymerization techniques for synthetic polymers and newly exploited functions of natural biomacromolecules have opened up new avenues to monodisperse and multifunctional nanostructures consisting of integrated components with distinct chemistries but complementary properties. Here, the evolution of colloidal synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles is revisited. Then, the new developments of colloidal synthesis enabled by functional macromolecules and practical applications associated with the resulting optical, catalytic, and structural properties of colloidal nanostructures are summarized. Finally, a perspective on new and promising pathways to novel colloidal nanostructures built upon the continuous development of polymer chemistry, colloidal science, and nanochemistry is provided.
Synergistic Strengthening and Toughening the Interphase of Composites by Constructing Alternating “Rigid‐and‐Soft” Structure on Carbon Fiber Surface
Authors: Wu Qing , Wan Qinqin , Liu Qianli , He Jinqian , Zhao Ruyi , Yang Xin , Wang Fen , Guo Jiang , Zhu Jianfeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInterphase with nacre‐like structured multilayer is constructed by alternatively depositing two polymers, respectively “rigid” polydopamine (PDA) and “flexible” polyether amine, on carbon fiber surface via the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) approach. The optimal interfacial strength and toughness are achieved for composites with three layers of PDA/polyether amine, respectively, 39.2% and 99.8% superior to the untreated fiber composites. The outstanding mechanical properties are mainly ascribed to the synergistic interactions of covalent bond, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking among fiber, multilayer, and matrix by transferring stress and bridging cracks, as well as the alternating “rigid and flexible” structure of interphase by deflecting crack path and inducing plastic deformation and viscoplastic energy dissipation. This work opens a new, feasible, and easy scalable avenue for constructing integrated high‐performance fiber composites.
Novel dominant KATP channel mutations in infants with congenital hyperinsulinism: Validation by in vitro expression studies and in vivo carrier phenotyping
Authors: Boodhansingh Kara E. , Kandasamy Balamurugan , Mitteer Lauren , Givler Stephanie , De Leon Diva D. , Shyng Show‐Ling , Ganguly Arupa , Stanley Charles A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInactivating mutations in the genes encoding the two subunits of the pancreatic beta‐cell KATP channel, ABCC8 and KCNJ11, are the most common finding in children with congenital hyperinsulinism (HI). Interpreting novel missense variants in these genes is problematic, because they can be either dominant or recessive mutations, benign polymorphisms, or diabetes mutations. This report describes six novel missense variants in ABCC8 and KCNJ11 that were identified in 11 probands with congenital HI. One of the three ABCC8 mutations (p.Ala1458Thr) and all three KCNJ11 mutations were associated with responsiveness to diazoxide. Sixteen family members carried the ABCC8 or KCNJ11 mutations; only two had hypoglycemia detected at birth and four others reported symptoms of hypoglycemia. Phenotype testing of seven adult mutation carriers revealed abnormal protein‐induced hypoglycemia in all; fasting hypoketotic hypoglycemia was demonstrated in four of the seven. All of six mutations were confirmed to cause dominant pathogenic defects based on in vitro expression studies in COSm6 cells demonstrating normal trafficking, but reduced responses to MgADP and diazoxide. These results indicate a combination of in vitro and in vivo phenotype tests can be used to differentiate dominant from recessive KATP channel HI mutations and personalize management of children with congenital HI.
Tungsten‐Doped L10‐PtCo Ultrasmall Nanoparticles as a High‐Performance Fuel Cell Cathode
Authors: Liang Jiashun , Li Na , Zhao Zhonglong , Ma Liang , Wang Xiaoming , Li Shenzhou , Liu Xuan , Wang Tanyuan , Du Yaping , Lu Gang , Han Jiantao , Huang Yunhui , Su Dong , Li Qing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) relies on highly active and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid media. The most successful catalysts for this reaction are nanostructured Pt‐alloy with a Pt‐skin. The synthesis of ultrasmall and ordered L10‐PtCo nanoparticle ORR catalysts further doped with a few percent of metals (W, Ga, Zn) is reported. Compared to commercial Pt/C catalyst, the L10‐W‐PtCo/C catalyst shows significant improvement in both initial activity and high‐temperature stability. The L10‐W‐PtCo/C catalyst achieves high activity and stability in the PEMFC after 50 000 voltage cycles at 80 °C, which is superior to the DOE 2020 targets. EXAFS analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that W doping not only stabilizes the ordered intermetallic structure, but also tunes the Pt‐Pt distances in such a way to optimize the binding energy between Pt and O intermediates on the surface.
Calcium‐Catalyzed Arene C−H Bond Activation by Low‐Valent AlI
Authors: Brand Steffen , Elsen Holger , Langer Jens , Grams Samuel , Harder Sjoerd 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe low‐valent ß‐diketiminate complex (DIPPBDI)Al is stable in benzene but addition of catalytic quantities of [(DIPPBDI)CaH]2 at 20 °C led to (DIPPBDI)Al(Ph)H (DIPPBDI=CH[C(CH3)N‐DIPP]2, DIPP=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl). Similar Ca‐catalyzed C−H bond activation is demonstrated for toluene or p‐xylene. For toluene a remarkable selectivity for meta‐functionalization has been observed. Reaction of (DIPPBDI)Al(m‐tolyl)H with I2 gave m‐tolyl iodide, H2 and (DIPPBDI)AlI2 which was recycled to (DIPPBDI)Al. Attempts to catalyze this reaction with Mg or Zn hydride catalysts failed. Instead, the highly stable complexes (DIPPBDI)Al(H)M(DIPPBDI) (M=Mg, Zn) were formed. DFT calculations on the Ca hydride catalyzed arene alumination suggest that a similar but more loosely bound complex is formed: (DIPPBDI)Al(H)Ca(DIPPBDI). This is in equilibrium with the hydride bridged complex (DIPPBDI)Al(μ‐H)Ca(DIPPBDI) which shows strongly increased electron density at Al. The combination of Ca‐arene bonding and a highly nucleophilic Al center are key to facile C−H bond activation.
Dimetallapoly‐yn‐diylidynes: LnM≡C−(C≡C)x−C≡MLn (x=0–4)
Authors: Hill Anthony F. , Manzano Richard A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSynthetic routes to dimetallated Cx carbon wires in which two metals are separated by a linear carbon chain involving terminal metal–carbon triple bonds are described for the complexes [(Tp*)(CO)2W≡C−(C≡C)n−C≡W(CO)2(Tp*)] (Tp*=hydrotris(dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) where n=1, 3 or 4, joining the previously known examples with n=0, 1 and 2 to complete the series as models for linear carbyne C∞.
Scalable Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Aryl C−H Phosphorylation Enabled by Anodic Oxidation Induced Reductive Elimination
Authors: Wu Zheng‐Jian , Su Feng , Lin Weidong , Song Jinshuai , Wen Ting‐Bin , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Xu Hai‐Chao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTransition metal catalyzed C−H phosphorylation remains an unsolved challenge. Reported methods are generally limited in scope and require stoichiometric silver salts as oxidants. Reported here is an electrochemically driven RhIII‐catalyzed aryl C−H phosphorylation reaction that proceeds through H2 evolution, obviating the need for stoichiometric metal oxidants. The method is compatible with a variety of aryl C−H and P−H coupling partners and particularly useful for synthesizing triarylphosphine oxides from diarylphosphine oxides, which are often difficult coupling partners for transition metal catalyzed C−H phosphorylation reactions. Experimental results suggest that the mechanism responsible for the C−P bond formation involves an oxidation‐induced reductive elimination process.
Snapshots of a Migrating H‐Atom: Characterization of a Reactive Iron(III) Indenide Hydride and its Nearly Isoenergetic Ring‐Protonated Iron(I) Isomer
Authors: Drover Marcus W. , Schild Dirk J. , Oyala Paul H. , Peters Jonas C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report the characterization of an S=
iron π‐complex, [Fe(η6‐IndH)(depe)]+ (Ind=Indenide (C9H7−), depe=1,2‐bis(diethylphosphino)ethane), which results via C−H elimination from a transient FeIII hydride, [Fe(η3:η2‐Ind)(depe)H]+. Owing to weak M−H/C−H bonds, these species appear to undergo proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) to release H2 through bimolecular recombination. Mechanistic information, gained from stoichiometric as well as computational studies, reveal the open‐shell π‐arene complex to have a BDFEC‐H value of ≈50 kcal mol−1, roughly equal to the BDFEFe‐H of its FeIII−H precursor (ΔG°≈0 between them). Markedly, this reactivity differs from related Fe(η5‐Cp/Cp*) compounds, for which terminal FeIII−H cations are isolable and have been structurally characterized, highlighting the effect of a benzannulated ring (indene). Overall, this study provides a structural, thermochemical, and mechanistic foundation for the characterization of indenide/indene PCET precursors and outlines a valuable approach for the differentiation of a ring‐ versus a metal‐bound H‐atom by way of continuous‐wave (CW) and pulse EPR (HYSCORE) spectroscopic measurements.
Novel organotin (IV) complexes derived from 4,4′‐oxybisbenzoic acid: synthesis, structure, in vitro cytostatic activity and binding interaction with BSA
Authors: Du Xiumei , Wang Shuo , Zhang Rufen , Li Qianli , Li Yongxin , Ma Chunlin 
Published: August 2019

Six novel organotin (IV) complexes, [(Me3Sn)2(H2O)2L] (1), [(R3Sn)2L]n (R = Me 2, R = n‐Bu 3), [(Ph3Sn)2L] (4), [Me2SnL]n (5), [(Me2Sn)2L(μ3‐O)]n (6) have been designed and synthesized by the reactions of 4,4′‐oxybisbenzoic acid (H2L) and triorganotin (IV) chloride or oxide. All the complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, NMR, ESI‐Mass, PXRD and X‐ray crystallography. The single crystal diffraction reveals that complexes 1 and 4 represent dinuclear tin monomers. Complexes 2 and 3 display 2D network structure and 2D corrugated framework respectively, which both contain tetranuclear 36‐membered macrocycles. Furthermore, 2D structures are linked into a 3D supramolecular structures through intermolecular C‐H···π interactions. Complex 5 shows 1D infinite helical chain and further constructs 3D ladder supramolecular architecture through additional Sn···O and C‐H···O intermolecular interactions. Complex 6 displays 1D infinite polymeric chain containing 28‐membered macrocyclic ring. Preliminarily in vitro cytostatic activity studies on cervical carcinoma cell lines (HeLa) and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG‐2) by MTT assay for some complexes reveal that complexes 3 and 4 exhibit high cytostatic activity. Further, complexes 3 and 4 were selected to investigate interactions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by fluorescence quenching spectra and synchronous fluorescence spectra, which indicates that the complexes could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA in a static quenching process.
Surgical Specimen Management in the Preanalytic Phase: Perioperative Nursing Implications
Authors: Kinlaw Tabitha S. , Whiteside Dawn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSurgical specimen management is an important responsibility of perioperative nurses and is essential to the provision of safe, quality patient care. Errors related to surgical specimen management can lead to a variety of negative consequences for patients and personnel. Unfortunately, surgical specimen management errors can and do occur, particularly during the preanalytic phase, and thus are a major perioperative patient safety concern. The overall management process for various surgical specimens is essentially the same, requiring a multifaceted, multidisciplinary, standardized method that includes specimen identification, labeling, collection, handling, transferring, containing, and transporting. For perioperative nurses to advocate for their patients and help ensure effective surgical specimen management, effective communication among care team members is imperative, along with a culture of safety that focuses on the minimization of distractions and an increased awareness of opportunities for errors.
Application of H2 and CO2 addition in driver section on shock tube ignition delay measurement
Authors: Xiong XiaoHe , Tan Houzhang , Ding YanJun , Peng ZhiMin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractShock tube is an effective tool to study the reaction dynamic. As a key parameter, the accuracy measurement of ignition delay time depends on the pressure plateau sustained time. Helium is the most frequently used as driver gas in the shock tube related study. To seek a wider scope of driver gas, H2 was attempted in this paper. The driver capability of H2 and He was compared by theory analysis and experiment, respectively. In addition, to acquire a longer test time, H2/CO2 as driver gas was adopted to test the tailoring condition. Using a 1‐D ideal shock tube assumption, the driver gas tailoring curve is calculated. Results show that the driver capability of H2 is obviously stronger than that of He gas and H2/CO2 group driver gas performs as well as He/N2 group driver gas. The pressure plateau sustained time can extend to 11 ms under tailoring condition by H2/CO2 mixture driving. Furthermore, the comparison of H2‐based and He‐based driver gas models shows no obvious impact on ignition delay measurement. Hence, using H2 as driver gas is more economic because of its cheaper price than He, and it can reduce the experiment risk because of the relative lower diaphragm burst pressure. However, the adverse result is that the vacuum time turns more than one third longer compared with non‐H2 driving mode.
Synthesis and mode of action studies of novel {2‐(3‐R‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl)phenyl}amines to combat pathogenic fungi
Authors: Antypenko Lyudmyla , Sadykova Zhanar , Shabelnyk Kostiantyn , Meyer Fatuma , Kovalenko Sergiy , Meyer Vera , Garbe Leif‐Alexander , Steffens Karl 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDue to their high specificity and efficacy, triazoles have become versatile antifungals to treat fungal infections in human healthcare and to control phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture. However, azole resistance is an emerging problem affecting human health as well as food security. Here we describe the synthesis of 10 novel {2‐(3‐R‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl)phenyl}amines. Their structure was ascertained by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR, and elemental analysis data. Applying an in vitro growth assay, these triazoles show moderate to significant antifungal activity against the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus niger, 12 fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium fujikuroi, Colletotrichum higginsianum, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Colletotrichum coccodes, Claviceps purpurea, Alternaria alternata, Mucor indicus, Fusarium graminearum, Verticillium lecanii, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum) and three oomycetes (Phytophtora infestans GL‐1, P. infestans 4/91; R+ and 4/91; R−) in the concentration range from 1 to 50 µg/ml (0.003–2.1 μM). Frontier molecular orbital energies were determined to predict their genotoxic potential. Molecular docking calculations taking into account six common fungal enzymes point to 14α‐demethylase (CYP51) and N‐myristoyltransferase as the most probable fungal targets. With respect to effectiveness, structure–activity calculations revealed the strong enhancing impact of adamantyl residues. The shown nonmutagenicity in the Salmonella reverse‐mutagenicity assay and no violations of drug‐likeness parameters suggest the good bioavailability and attractive ecotoxicological profile of the studied triazoles.
DNA‐Functionalized Plasmonic Nanomaterials for Optical Biosensing
Authors: Tian Yuanyuan , Zhang Lei , Wang Lianhui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlasmonic nanomaterials, especially Au and Ag nanomaterials, have shown attractive physicochemical properties, such as easy functionalization and tunable optical bands. The development of this active subfield paves the way to the fascinating biosensing platforms. In recent years, plasmonic nanomaterials–based sensors have been extensively investigated because they are useful for genetic diseases, biological processes, devices, and cell imaging. In this account, a brief introduction of the development of optical biosensors based on DNA‐functionalized plasmonic nanomaterials is presented. Then the common strategies for the application of the optical sensors are summarized, including colorimetry, fluorescence, localized surface plasmon resonance, and surface‐enhanced resonance scattering detection. The focus is on the fundamental aspect of detection methods, and then a few examples of each method are highlighted. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the plasmonic nanomaterials–based biosensing are discussed with the development of modern technologies.
A critique of prospect theory and framing with particular reference to consumer decisions
Authors: Rossiter John R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProspect theory is criticized in this article for being borrowed from psychology without appropriate acknowledgement, for requiring mathematical calculations that are beyond the average person, for not investigating information processing during prospect theory choices, and for lacking application to real‐world decisions—such as important product and service choices made by consumers. Further criticism is leveled at the prospect theory‐derived technique known as “framing,” which is based on one‐sided presentation of information and would be unethical in most consumer behavior situations.
Rational Engineering of Hydratase from Lactobacillus acidophilus Reveals Critical Residues Directing Substrate Specificity and Regioselectivity
Authors: Eser Bekir Engin , Poborsky Michal , Dai Rongrong , Kishino Shigenobu , Ljubic Anita , Takeuchi Michiki , Jacobsen Charlotte , Ogawa Jun , Kristensen Peter , Guo Zheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEnzymatic conversion of fatty acids (FAs) by fatty acid hydratases (FAHs) presents a green and efficient route for high‐value hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) production. However, limited diversity was achieved among HFAs, to date, with respect to chain length and hydroxy position. In this study, two highly similar FAHs from Lactobacillus acidophilus were compared: FA‐HY2 has a narrow substrate scope and strict regioselectivity, whereas FA‐HY1 utilizes longer chain substrates and hydrates various double‐bond positions. It is revealed that three active‐site residues play a remarkable role in directing substrate specificity and regioselectivity of hydration. If these residues on FA‐HY2 are mutated to the corresponding ones in FA‐HY1, a significant expansion of substrate scope and a distinct enhancement in hydration of double bonds towards the ω‐end of FAs is observed. A three‐residue mutant of FA‐HY2 (TM‐FA‐HY2) displayed an impressive reversal of regioselectivity towards linoleic acid, shifting the ratio of the HFA regioisomers (10‐OH/13‐OH) from 99:1 to 12:88. Notable changes in regioselectivity were also observed for arachidonic acid and for C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates. In addition, TM‐FA‐HY2 converted eicosapentaenoic acid into its 12‐hydroxy product with high conversion at the preparative scale. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that microalgae are a source of diverse FAs for HFA production. This study paves the way for tailor‐made FAH design to enable the production of diverse HFAs for various applications from the polymer industry to medical fields.
Medication‐induced obstructive uropathy and hyperprolactinemia in a pediatric patient
Authors: Nkansah‐Amankra Kwabena , Sudhanthar Sathyanarayan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHyperprolactinemia can result from a pituitary tumor or decreased dopamine levels due to compression of the pituitary stalk. Hypothyroidism, renal failure, and drug interaction need to be ruled out as a part of diagnostic evaluation. The prolactin level often indicates the etiology, but drug interaction needs to be ruled out mainly in a patient who is on multiple medications.