bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging IT to Improve Patient Safety
Authors: Garets D.E. , Handler T.J. , Ball M.J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Medical errors and issues of patient safety are hardly new phenomena. Even during the dawn of medicine, Hippocrates counselled new physicians “to above all else do no harm.” In the United States, efforts to improve the quality of healthcare can be seen in almost every decade of the last century. In the early 1900s, Dr. Ernest Codman failed in his efforts to get fellow surgeons to look at the outcomes of their cases. In the 1970s, there was an outcry that the military allowed an almost blind surgeon to continue to practice and even transferred him to the prestigious Walter Reed Hospital. More recently, two reports by the Institute of Medicine caught the attention of the media, the American public, and the healthcare industry. To Err Is Human highlights the need to reduce medical errors and improve patient safety, and Crossing The Quality Chasm calls for a new health system to provide quality care for the 21st century.
Quality of health care: informatics foundations
Authors: Safran C. , Takeda H. , Hasman A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:In this article we will discuss in what ways computer systems can contribute to the quality of healthcare and on which principles of informatics successful systems are founded. Section 2 presents an overview of studies that investigate the usefulness of decision support, and Section 3 discusses factors that determine the success of decision support systems. The foundations of guideline systems are presented in Section 4. Section 5 offers a brief review of physician order entry, and Section 6 presents a discussion of medical risk management and the results of Japanese studies in this area.
Achievements after Six Years of The International Partnership for Health Informatics Education
Authors: Gardner R. M. , Gatewood L. C. , Haux R. , Schmidt D. , Wetter T. , Jaspers M. W. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo inform the medical and health informatics community on the rational, goals, and the achievements of the International Partnership for Health Informatics Education – IPHIE, (IΦE), that was established at six universities in 1999: The University of Amsterdam, the Universities of Heidelberg and Heilbronn, the University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology at Innsbruck, the University of Minnesota, and the University of Utah.We elaborate on the overall goals of IΦE and describe the current state of affairs: the activities undertaken and faculty and student experience related to these activities. In addition we outline the lessons we have learned over these past six years and our plans for the future.IΦE seeks to maintain, improve and promote medical and health informatics education through international collaboration of graduate and baccalaureate programs in medical and health informatics. IΦE members first started to collaborate by supporting and encouraging the exchange of talented students and faculty and by establishing joint master classes for honors students. Following the success of these activities, new initiatives were undertaken such as the organization of student workshops at Medical Informatics conferences and a joint course on strategic information management in hospitals in Europe.International partnerships such as IΦE take time to establish, and, if they are to be successful, maintaining leadership continuity is critically important. We are convinced that IΦE promotes professionalism of future medical informatics specialists. There will be a continuing growth of globalization in higher education. It will therefore become increasingly important to offer educational programs with international components.
Section 6: Education and Consumer Informatics: The Path towards eHealth: Obstacles along the Way
Authors: Enkin M. W. , Jadad A. R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe two authors of this article share both a strong interest in, and deep concerns about, the use of eHealth (electronic information and communication technologies for improving or maintaining health). In this article, we identify some unanticipated obstacles to effective use of eHealth.We reflected upon the potential of information and communication technologies to transform the health system and its failure to achieve that potential.We chose seven obstacles: the insufficient emphasis on health in eHealth, the lack of time for reflection, the development of a fortress mentality, poor evaluation of efforts, lack of involvement of youth, inequity, and a parochial attitude that precludes economies of scale. Whenever possible, we provided examples of innovative initiatives that illustrate potential ways to meet our current challenges.We believe that the obstacles we describe in this article can be overcome. The impediments are not only technological, but also cognitive, financial and political. To succeed will require a major shift from our ethic of competition to one of generosity, commitment, and collaboration; enlightened, as opposed to narrow, self-interest.
Section 3: Health Information Systems: Expanding the Scope of Health Information Systems
Authors: Wurst S. H. R. , Bott O. J. , Giuse D. A. , Kuhn K. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo identify current challenges and developments in health information systems.Reports on HIS, eHealth and process support were analyzed, core problems and challenges were identified.Health information systems are extending their scope towards regional networks and health IT infrastructures. Integration, interoperability and interaction design are still today’s core problems. Additional problems arise through the integration of genetic information into the health care process. There are noticeable trends towards solutions for these problems.
Nursing Care Systems: Enhancing Care Processes in Practice and Management
Authors: Carr R. , Marin H.F. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
ObjectiveTo summarize aspects of nursing informatics application and introduces challenges that are currently being addressed by nurses around the world.
MethodsKey contributions in the field are surveyed and put in the perspective of the IMIA Nursing Informatics Strategic Plan.
Results As a discipline, nursing informatics offers real and practical instruments and opportunities to delivery nursing care across settings, units of care and specialties. A variety of patient care systems are managed by nurses who are introduced to this link during their training embracing information networks, communication skills together with an ability to work both in practice and administrative positions in a variety of clinical and community settings.
Conclusion At a time when the tendency is toward a computer-based patient record, nurses must be able to identify what kind of nursing data and information will construct useable and useful nursing knowledge. There are many options for each area of application and the selection must be done carefully, considering the enhancement for organizational, technological and local requirements.
Biomedical Ontologies in Action: Role in Knowledge Management, Data Integration and Decision Support
Authors: Bodenreider O. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives To provide typical examples of biomedical ontologies in action, emphasizing the role played by biomedical ontologies in knowledge management, data integration and decision support.
MethodsBiomedical ontologies selected for their practical impact are examined from a functional perspective. Examples of applications are taken from operational systems and the biomedical literature, with a bias towards recent journal articles.
Results The ontologies under investigation in this survey include SNOMED CT, the Logical Observation Identifiers, Names, and Codes (LOINC), the Foundational Model of Anatomy, the Gene Ontology, RxNorm, the National Cancer Institute Thesaurus, the International Classification of Diseases, the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). The roles played by biomedical ontologies are classified into three major categories: knowledge management (indexing and retrieval of data and information, access to information, mapping among ontologies); data integration, exchange and semantic interoperability; and decision support and reasoning (data selection and aggregation, decision support, natural language processing applications, knowledge discovery).
Conclusions Ontologies play an important role in biomedical research through a variety of applications. While ontologies are used primarily as a source of vocabulary for standardization and integration purposes, many applications also use them as a source of computable knowledge. Barriers to the use of ontologies in biomedical applications are discussed.Geissbuhler A, Kulikowski C, editors. IMIA Year book of Medical Informatics 2008.
Biomedical Informatics in the Desert - A New and Unique Program at Arizona State University
Authors: Panchanathan S. , Patel V. , Silverman H. , Shortliffe E. H. , Greenes R. A. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives A new academic Biomedical Informatics (BMI) Program in Phoenix, Arizona, embodies a unique organizational structure to draw on the strengths of a computer science and informatics school and the biomedical and clinical strengths of a college of medicine, in an effort to infuse informatics approaches broadly.
MethodsThe program reflects a partnership of two state universities that situates the Arizona State University (ASU) Department of BMI on a new downtown Phoenix Biomedical Campus with the University of Arizona (UA) College of Medicine in partnership with ASU (COMPHX). Plans call for development of faculty and expertise in the four major subdomains of BMI, as well as in various cross-cutting capabilities.
Results Coming into existence in a state that is investing significantly in biomedical science and technology, BMI has already developed Masters and PhD degree programs, is working with COMPHX to integrate informatics intensively into the education of the medical students, and has been authorized to plan for an undergraduate program in BMI. Reflecting the statewide emphasis on the biomedical and health sector, the growing faculty are engaged in a number of research partnerships and collaborative centers.
Conclusions As one of the newest academic BMI programs is taking shape in Arizona, it is embarking on a wide-ranging educational program and a broad research agenda that are now in their earliest stages.
STARE-HI -Statement on Reporting of Evaluation Studies in Health Informatics
Authors: Ammenwerth E. , Brender J. , de Keizer N. , Nykänen P. , Rigby M. , Talmon J. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective Development of guidelines for publication of evaluation studies of Health Informatics applications.
Methods An initial list of issues to be addressed in reports on evaluation studies was drafted based on experiencesas editorsand reviewers and as authors of systematic reviews , taking into account guidelines for reporting of medical research. This list has been discussed in several rounds by an increasing number of experts in Health Informatics evaluation during conferences and by using e-mail.
ResultsA set of STARE-HI principles to be addressed in papers describing evaluations of Health Informatics interventions is presented. These principles include formulation of title and abstract, of introduction (e.g. scientific background, study objectives), study context (e.g. organizational setting, system details), methods (e.g. study design, outcome measures), results (e.g. study findings, unexpected observations)and discussion and conclusion.
Conclusion Acomprehensivelistofprinciplesrelevantforproperlydescribing Health Informatics evaluations has been developed. When manuscripts submitted to Health Informatics journals and general medical journals adhere to these aspects, readers will be better positioned to place the studies in a proper context and judge their validity and generalisability. STARE-HI may also be used for study planning and hence positively influence the quality of evaluation studies in Health Informatics. We believe that better publication of (both quantitative and qualitative) evaluation studies is an important step toward the vision of evidence-based Health Informatics.
Limitations This study is based on experiences from editors, reviewers, authors of systemati c reviews and readers of the scientific literature. The applicability of the principles has not been evaluated in real practice. Only when authors start to use these principles for reporting, shortcomings in the principles will emerge.
Smart Homes and Ambient Assisted Living Applications: From Data to KnowledgeEmpowering or Overwhelming Older Adults?
Authors: Thompson H. , Demiris G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAs health care systems face limited resources and workforce shortages to address the complex needs of older adult populations, innovative approaches utilizing information technology can support aging. Smart Home and Ambient Assisted Living (SHAAL) systems utilize advanced and ubiquitous technologies including sensors and other devices that are integrated in the residential infrastructure or wearable, to capture data describing activities of daily living and health related events. This paper highlights how data from SHAAL systems can lead to information and knowledge that ultimately improves clinical outcomes and quality of life for older adults as well as quality of health care services.We conducted are view of personal health record applications specifically for older adults and approaches to using information to improve elder care. We present a framework that show cases how data captured from SHAAL systems can be processed to provide meaningful information that becomes part of a personal health record.Synthesis and visualization of information resulting from SHAAL systems can lead to knowledge and support education, delivery of tailored interventions and if needed, transitions in care. Such actions can involve multiple stakeholders as part of shared decision making.SHAAL systems have the potential to support aging and improve quality of life and decision making for older adults and their families. The framework presented in this paper demonstrates how emphasis needs to be placed into extracting meaningful information from new innovative systems that will support decision making. The challenge for informatics designers and researchers is to facilitate an evolution of SHAAL systems expanding beyond demonstration projects to actual interventions that will improve health care for older adults.
Education in Biomedical and Health Informatics in the Web 3.0 Era: Standards for Data, Curricula, and Activities
Authors: Hersh W. , Otero P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWeb 3.0 is transforming the World Wide Web by allowing knowledge and reasoning to be gleaned from its content.Describe a new scenario in education and training known as “Education 3.0” that can help in the promotion of learning in health informatics in a collaborative way.Review of the current standards available for curricula and learning activities in in Biomedical and Health Informatics (BMHI) for a Web 3.0 scenario.A new scenario known as “Education 3.0” can provide open educational resources created and reused throughout different institutions and improved by means of an international collaborative knowledge powered by the use of E-learning. Currently there are standards that could be used in identifying and deliver content in education in BMHI in the semantic web era such as Resource Description Format (RDF), Web Ontology Language (OWL) and Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM). In addition, there are other standards to support healthcare education and training. There are few experiences in the use of standards in e-learning in BMHI published in the literature.Web 3.0 can propose new approaches to building the BMHI workforce so there is a need to build tools as knowledge infrastructure to leverage it. The usefulness of standards in the content and competencies of training programs in BMHI needs more experience and research so as to promote the interoperability and sharing of resources in this growing discipline.
Documenting the Use of Computers in Swedish Health Care up to 1980
Authors: Peterson H. E. , Lundin P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis paper describes a documentation project to create, collect and preserve previously unavailable sources on informatics in Sweden (including health care as one of 16 subgroups), and mak- ing them available on the Web. Time was critical as the personal docu- mentation and artifacts of early pioneers could be irretrievablylost. The criteria for participation were that a person had developed a system in a clinical environment which was used by others prior to 1980.Participants were interviewed and asked for early docu- mentation such as notes, minutes from meetings, drawings, test results and early models – together with related artifacts. The ap- proach included traditional oral history interviews, collection of au- tobiographies and new self-structuring and time saving methods, such as witness seminars and an Internet-based repository of their recollections (the Writers’ Web).The combination of methods obtained new information on system errors, and challenges in reaching the goals due partly to inadequacies of the early technology, and partly to the insufficient understanding of the complexity of the many problems which needed to be solved before a useful electronic patient record could be realized. A very important result was the development of a method to collect information in an easier, faster and much less expensive way than using the traditional scientific method, and still reach results that are qualitative and quantitative for the purpose of documenting the early period of computer-based health care technology. The wit- ness seminars and the Writers’ Web yielded especially large amounts of hitherto-unknown information. With all material in one database available to everyone on the Web, it is accessed very frequently - es- pecially by students, researchers, journalists and teachers.Study of the materials explains and clarifies the reasons behind the delays and difficulties that have been encountered in de- veloping electronic patient records, as described in an article [3] published in the IMIA Yearbook 2006.
PDGFRα

+

pericryptal stromal cells are the critical source of Wnts and RSPO3 for murine intestinal stem cells in vivo
Authors: Greicius Gediminas , Kabiri Zahra , Sigmundsson Kristmundur , Liang Chao , Bunte Ralph , Singh Manvendra K. , Virshup David M. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Tissue stem cells in vivo reside in highly structured niches that provide signals for proliferation and differentiation. Understanding the role of the niche requires identifying the key cell types that provide these regulators. In the intestine, R-spondins and Wnts are essential regulators of the stem-cell niche. Here we identify subepithelial myofibroblasts of the PDGF receptor α lineage as the specific stromal cell type that secretes these ligands. These data demonstrate the close interaction between epithelial stem cells and the underlying regulatory stroma niche and provide insights into both normal homeostasis and tissue recovery after injury.
Conformation-dependent partitioning of yeast nutrient transporters into starvation-protective membrane domains
Authors: Gournas Christos , Gkionis Stelios , Carquin Mélanie , Twyffels Laure , Tyteca Donatienne , André Bruno 
Published: March 2018

Significance
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is compartmentalized into domains enriched in specific lipids and proteins. However, our understanding of the mechanisms and functions of this lateral segregation remains incomplete. Here, we show that the clustering of the yeast Can1 arginine transporter into domains is dictated by its conformation and requires sustained biogenesis of complex sphingolipids. Furthermore, this clustering confers to Can1 and other transporters protection from ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis. Under nutrient-starvation conditions, this protective role is reinforced, thereby allowing cells to preserve a fraction of their nutrient transporters from bulk endocytosis and to more efficiently resume growth when replenishing compounds are available. Our study reveals nutrient-regulated protection from endocytosis as an important role for protein partitioning into membrane domains.
Intestinal spirochete infections of chickens: a review of disease associations, epidemiology and control
Authors: Stephens C.P. , Hampson D.J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of intestinal spirochete infections of chickens. It focuses particularly on studies in Australia, where recent surveys of 136 layer and broiler breeder flocks have revealed a high rate of infection (>40%) with intestinal spirochetes. Infection was not detected in broiler flocks. Approximately 50% of isolates from infected flocks wereBrachyspira(Serpulina)intermediaorB. pilosicoli, with the other isolates beingB. innocens, B. murdochiior the proposed species ‘B. pulli’. No isolates ofB. alvinipulliwere found. Intestinal spirochetes were significantly associated with wet litter problems and/or reduced egg production. Experimental infection of point-of-lay birds with eitherB. intermediaorB. pilosicolicaused reduced egg production, and, withB. intermedia, a significant increase in fecal moisture content. Infection withB. innocenscaused no significant changes. In-water treatment of a flock with a mixed spirochete infection using lincospectin resulted in a slimy diarrhea lasting for 2–3 weeks, followed by absence of spirochetes for 3 months. Birds treated with tiamulin remained healthy, and had a reduced level of infection with intestinal spirochetes (30%) for 3 months. Trials are under way to test the efficacy of antimicrobials in point-of-lay chickens experimentally infected with eitherB. intermediaorB. pilosicoli.
Porcine enteric spirochete infections in the UK: surveillance data and preliminary investigation of atypical isolates
Authors: Thomson J.R. , Smith W.J. , Murray B.P. , Murray D. , Dic J.E. , Sumption K.J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInvestigations into the possible causes of colitis and typhlocolitis were carried out on 98 pig units in the United Kingdom between 1997 and 1999.Brachyspira pilosicoliwas identified most commonly, occurring as the suggested primary agent in 18% of the outbreaks but forming part of mixed infections in another 24% of outbreaks. The equivalent figures for other bacterial pathogens were:B.hyodysenteriae, 13% and 16%;Lawsonia intracellularis, 10% and 15%;Salmonellaspecies, 6% and 12%; andYersiniaspecies, 4% and 10%. UnclassifiedBrachyspiraspecies of unknown pathogenicity were identified in 12% of outbreaks. The 24 unclassified isolates divided into three groups on the basis of their phenotypic characteristics. In addition, there were 50 atypicalBrachyspiraspecies isolates that showed differences between their phenotypic characteristics and genetic identity based on sequence analysis of a section of the 23S rDNA gene. Four representative atypical isolates were found to be pathogenic as a result of an experimental oral challenge study in pigs.