bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring retention in care for HIV-positive pregnant women in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) option B+ programmes: the Mozambique experience
Authors: Ahoua Laurence , Tiendrebeogo Thierry , Arikawa Shino , Laheurta Maria , Aly Dario , Becquest Renaud , Dabis Francois 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Failure of retention of HIV-positive pregnant women on ART leads to increased mortality for the mother and her child. This study evaluated different retention measures intended to measure women’s engagement along the continuum of care for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) option B+ services in Mozambique.

Methods

We compared ‘point’ retention (patient’s presence in care at 12-months post-antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation or any time thereafter) to the following definitions: alive and in care at 12 months post-ART initiation (Ministry of Health); attendance at a health facility up to 15 months post-ART initiation (World Health Organisation); alive and in treatment at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-ART initiation (Inter-Agency Task Team); and alive and in care at 12 months post-ART initiation with ≥75% appointment or on-time adherence during follow-up (‘appointment adherence’ and ‘on-time adherence’ retentions). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were produced to assess variability in retention rates. We used ‘on-time adherence’ retention as a gold standard to estimate sensitivity, specificity, and proportion of misclassified patients.

Results

Considering the ‘point’ retention definition, 16,840 HIV-positive pregnant women enrolled in option B+ PMTCT services were identified as ‘retained in care’ 12 months post-ART initiation. Of these, 60.3% (95% CI 59.6–61.1), 84.8% (95% CI 84.2–85.3), and 16.4% (95% CI 15.8–17.0) were classified as ‘retained in care’ using MOH, WHO, and IATT definitions, respectively, and 1.2% (95% CI 1.0–1.4) were classified as ‘retained in care’ using the ‘ ≥75% on-time adherence’ definition. All definitions provided specificity rates of ≥98%. The sensitivity rates were 3.0% with 78% of patients misclassified according to the WHO definition and 4.3% with 54% of patients misclassified according to the MOH definition. The ‘point’ retention definition misclassified 97.6% of patients. Using IATT and ‘appointment adherence’ retention definitions, sensitivity rates (9.0% and 11.7%, respectively) were also low; however, the proportion of misclassified patients was smaller (15.9% and 18.3%, respectively).

Conclusion

More stringent definitions indicated lower retention rates for PMTCT programmes. Policy makers and programme managers should include attendance at follow-up visits when measuring retention in care to better guide planning, scaling up, and monitoring of interventions.
EXECUÃ‡ÃƒO DE AÃ‡Ã•ES COLETIVAS NA JUSTIÃ‡A DO TRABALHO
Authors: Franklin Giselle Leite 
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho visa abordar a execuÃ§Ã£o das principais aÃ§Ãµes coletivas de competÃªncia da JustiÃ§a do Trabalho, trabalhando as origens do instituto nas ondas renovatÃ³rias do direito processual que deram ensejo Ã utilizaÃ§Ã£o das aÃ§Ãµes coletivas para a tutela de direitos trabalhistas. Aborda, ainda, os procedimentos prÃ³prios para a execuÃ§Ã£o das aÃ§Ãµes coletivas na seara trabalhista.
Efficacy of hybrid neural networks in statistical downscaling of precipitation of the Bagmati River basin
Authors: Kumar Keshav , Singh Vivekanand , Roshni Thendiyath 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study investigates and analyses the present and future senarios of precipitation using statistical downscaling techniques at selected sites of the Bagmati River basin. Statistical downscaling is achieved by feed forward neural network (FFNN) and wavelet neural network (WNN) models. Potential predictors for the model development are selected based on the performances of Pearson product moment correlation and factor analysis. Different training algorithms are compared and the traincgb training algorithm is selected for development of FFNN and WNN models. The visual comparison and the statistical performance indices were calculated between observed and predicted precipitation. From the analysis of results, it is evident that WNN models were well capable of (training: RMSE 1.61–1.67 mm, R 0.94–0.952; testing: RMSE 1.68–1.78 mm, R 0.93–0.95) predicting precipitation followed by FFNN model for all the selected sites. Hence, the projected precipitation (2014–2036) is found by WNN model only with inputs as different GCMs data. The projected precipitation results are analysed for the period 2014–2036 and find that there is a decrease in precipitation with respect to base period data (1981–2013) by 66.62 to 84.21% at Benibad, 4.53 to 21.74% at Dhenge and 6.40 to 22.27% at Kamtaul, respectively.
Determination of sequent depth of hydraulic jump over sloping floor with rounded and crushed aggregates using experimental and ANN model
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Kumar Sanjay , Bidhu Sahil 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHydraulic jump has numerous applications in the field of hydraulic engineering, such as energy dissipation over spillways, chlorinating of wastewater and many others. The sequent depth ratio is one of the important characteristics of hydraulic jump useful in designing the stilling basin. Despite its importance, the exact value of sequent depth ratio is still undetermined. In the present study an attempt has been made to find out the effects of roughness heights and slopes by conducting an experimental study and artificial neural network (ANN) model. Three different roughness heights of crushed and rounded aggregates and two positive bed slopes were used. The experimental results show that the reductions in sequent depth ratios are more in the case of crushed aggregate (4%–35%) than rounded on the same slope. By increasing bed slope, the sequent depth ratios show increasing trend in the range 3%–45%. The proposed ANN model has the capability to predict the sequent depth ratio with least MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) value 3.15%. Therefore, based on the results obtained from the empirical model and ANN model, it has been concluded that the present study can be better utilized for the estimation of the sequent depth ratio of hydraulic jump.
Remotely Monitored Gamification and Social Incentives to Improve Glycemic Control Among Adults With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes (iDiabetes): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fortunato Michael , Harrison Joseph , Oon Ai Leen , Small Dylan , Hilbert Victoria , Rareshide Charles , Patel Mitesh 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundType 2 diabetes is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Lifestyle modifications including increasing physical activity and losing weight have been demonstrated to improve glycemic control. However, most patients struggle to make these changes. Many stakeholders are interested in using gamification and social incentives to increase engagement in healthy behaviors. However, these approaches often do not appropriately leverage insights from behavioral economics that could be used to address predictable barriers to behavior change.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the protocol for the Influencing DIabetics to Adapt Behaviors related to Exercise and weighT by Enhancing Social incentives (iDiabetes) trial, which aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of gamification interventions that leverage insights from behavioral economics to enhance supportive, competitive, or collaborative social incentives to improve glycemic control, promote weight loss, and increase physical activity among overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe are conducting a one-year four-arm randomized controlled trial of 361 overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes and a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level ≥8.0. Wireless weight scales and wearable devices are provided to remotely monitor weight and physical activity and transmit data to the study team. Patients are recruited by email, following which they establish a baseline measure of weight, daily step count, HbA1c level, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and then repeat these measures at 6 and 12 months. The control arm receives no other interventions. Patients randomized to one of the three intervention arms are entered into a game designed using insights from behavioral economics to enhance supportive, competitive, or collaborative social incentives. To examine predictors of strong or poor performance, participants completed validated questionnaires on a range of areas including their personality, risk preferences, and social network.ResultsEnrollment of 361 patients was completed in January 2019. Results are expected in 2020.ConclusionsThe iDiabetes trial represents a scalable model to remotely monitor the daily health behaviors of adults with type 2 diabetes. Results from this trial will help provide insights into how to improve management of patients with type 2 diabetes.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02961192; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02961192International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/14180
Los presidentes. Julio Scherer García, Los presidentes, Grijalbo, México, 1986, pp. 259.
Authors: Sotelo Valencia Adrián 
Published: July 2019

Periodismo crítico, crónica, historia reciente, literatura y política se articulan en torno a Los presidentes de Julio Scherer García, es director de Excélsior y actual director d ela revista Proceso.
Ruy Mauro Marini: un pensador latinoamericano
Authors: Santos Theotônio Dos 
Published: July 2019

El pensamiento latinoamericano alcanzó, en las últimas cuatro décadas, un alto reconocimiento internacional e influyó profundamente tanto en la metodología como en la temática de las ciencias sociales contemporáneas. Los pensadores que a esto contribuyeron, independientemente de su especialidad (economistas, politólogos, historiadores, antropólogos), constituyen, por lo tanto, referencias fundamentales en las luchas sociales de nuestro tiempo.
Ciudadanía y participación: límites y oportunidades de la participación política de los pobres urbanos en Chile.
Authors: Sperberg Fuentealba Jaime 
Published: July 2019

<p>El presente artículo relaciona diferentes tipos de participación política de los pobres urbanos en Chile con aspectos ligados a la ciudadanía política y social. Primero un análisis factorial permite establecer cinco tipos de participación política: los contestatarios, la orientación política partidaria, la orientación territorial, los sindicalistas y la orientación electoral. Segundo, se define a la ciudadanía responsable como una forma de relación entre Estado y sociedad civil que enfatiza los valores democráticos de los individuos y la disposición a invertir energías en la solución de problemas colectivos. Aunque en Chile la participación más formalizada (sindicatos, partidos políticos) ha disminuido enormemente dentro del estrato de los pobres urbanos, los resultados de este trabajo demuestran que la orientación territorial (participación en organizaciones de barrio) y contestataria han mantenido en algunos casos niveles más altos y tienden a corresponderse con una ciudadanía responsable. De esta manera, el ámbito local se ha mantenido como el espacio desde aún siguen vigentes las referencias a la ciudadanía social, que anteriormente fuese eliminada por la ‘revolución neoliberal’ del régimen militar chileno.</p>
Antonio Gramsci: perspectivas de la sociedad chilena. Apuntes para una discusión
Authors: Massardo Jaime 
Published: July 2019

El autor analiza las vicisitudes de la recepción de las ideas teóricas y políticas de Antonio Gramsci en Chile en diversos momentos históricos: en vida, después de su muerte y hasta la actualidad. Algunos atisbos de la obra y actividad de Gramsci llegaron a Chile antes y después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, lo que propició que sus escritos fueran acogidos y devorados tempranamente por toda una generación de intelectuales chilenos cuya práctica política les había conducido a la preocupación por el trabajo teórico de un luchador antifascista. Una nueva lectura surgió después del golpe de Estado que derrocó a Salvador Allende, al calor de la derrota popular y de la necesidad de nuevas perspectivas. Gramsci se hace presente de forma intensa con la participación de intelectuales críticos tanto en los núcleos universitarios como de la resistencia chilena. El surgimiento de la crisis de 1981 y 1982 radicalizó las condiciones de lucha que se venían generando en Chile, lo que deriva en un nuevo escenario donde Gramsci atrae la atención e interpela a la izquierda y a la derecha políticas.
El legado de Fidel
Authors: Maríñez Pablo A. , López Castellanos Nayar 
Published: July 2019

<p>En las siguientes líneas reproducimos las palabras de Pablo A. Maríñez y Nayar<br />López Castellanos pronunciadas en el homenaje El legado de Fidel. Con sus plumas,<br />los autores nos ofrecen su sentir sobre esa inmensidad histórica que fue Fidel Castro Ruz, hombre universal.*</p>
India-Venezuela: Análisis comparativo de las medidas de desmonetización
Authors: Guzmán Yadnielis 
Published: July 2019

<p align="right"> </p>La política económica sirve para construir el conjunto de estrategias necesarias que conlleven a orientar de manera coordinada el proceso económico de un país con el fin de alcanzar óptimos niveles de crecimiento y estabilidad económica.<div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
Cadenas globales de suministro y activos intangibles en las industrias del automóvil y aeronáutica
Authors: Serfati Claude , Sauviat Catherine 
Published: July 2019

<p align="right"> </p><p>La relocalización de las corporaciones transnacionales (CTNs) de las actividades de alta generación de valor ya sea en el más alto nivel (diseño, desarrollo, marcas y propiedad intelectual) o en el más bajo (comercialización, mantenimiento y servicios post-venta) de sus cadenas globales de suministro (CGS) operan en interacción con el asombroso aumento de los activos intangibles (AI) en el valor de sus acciones.</p><p>Este artículo documenta las profundas transformaciones en las estrategias de las más grandes CTNs automotrices y aeronáuticas francesas –en particular en la administración de su Investigación y Desarrollo (I&amp;D)- en relación con el atractivo de los AI para los inversionistas financieros. Por lo tanto, destaca una dimensión adicional de la relación entre finanzas y producción con las más comúnmente abordadas en la literatura sobre la "financiarización".</p><p> </p><div><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
Correlación entre el grado de hipertensión arterial y el índice de estrés oxidativo. Estudio de cohorte en una población de pacientes hipertensos sistémicos en República Dominicana
Authors: Núñez-Musa R. , Núñez-Sellés A. J. , Mañón Rossi W. , Marmolejos R. Guillén , Martínez-Sánchez G. 
Published: July 2019

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial (HTA) es una de las mayores cargas de enfermedad y riesgo para infarto cardíaco, la insuficiencia cardíaca y el fallo renal. Se reconoce que el estrés oxidativo (EO) es un determinante en el desarrollo de complicaciones y el progreso de la HTA. Se determinó el índice de EO (IEO) en individuos con HTA y en un grupo sano control, para evaluar su posible correlación.
Materiales y métodos: se midió IEO en una población de 112 individuos con HTA de distintos grados entre 50 y 70 años escogidos al azar y se comparó con los valores de un grupo control de voluntarios sanos, con la intención de definir el grado de correlación entre los niveles del IEO y la severidad de HTA, mediante la medición de biomarcadores para el EO en lisado de eritrocitos.
Resultados: a pesar de que los beneficios de la terapia antioxidante (TAO) no han sido definitivamente probadas, en gran parte porque las enfermedades complejas no dependen de un solo componente fisiopatogénico, el EO sigue siendo una piedra angular en el desarrollo de complicaciones y el empeoramiento de los cuadros clínicos de muchos padecimientos. La demostración de biomarcardores específicos mejora la posibilidad de una TAO dirigida. El presente ensayo demostró que la edad, el género y la etnia no influyen en el IEO y que el EO fue severo en los casos de HTA III, moderado en HTA II y estuvo ausente en el subgrupo con HTA grado I.
Conclusiones: estos resultados sugieren una relación entre los niveles de EO y severidad de HTA y sustenta evidencias para diseñar nuevos ensayos clínicos que evalúen la eficacia de una TAO adyuvante en el manejo de la HTA.
Reacciones adversas a los fármacos antituberculosis en pacientes de 0 a 18 años atendidos en la unidad de tuberculosis del Hospital Infantil Doctor Robert Reid Cabral, junio - diciembre 2017. República Dominicana
Authors: García-García Yanira , Camilo-Pantaleón Elsa , Sánchez-Sánchez Vicenta 
Published: July 2019

Introducción: la Tuberculosis infantil representa del 6 al 10 % de los casos de TB, la OMS estimó para el 2017 unos 560 (rango: 380 – 740) casos en menores de 15 años en República Dominicana1. De los 122 casos diagnosticados en RD, 53 fueron en nuestro hospital. Los efectos adversos es una de las primeras causas de abandono de tratamiento en TB; los infantes no escapan a esta realidad.
Objetivo: determinar las reacciones adversas a los fármacos antituberculosis en pacientes (RAFA) de 0 a 18 años atendidos en la unidad de tuberculosis del Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral, junio-diciembre 2017.
Metodología: estudio descriptivo y transversal, con recolección de datos retrospectiva. Revisamos todos los expedientes de la unidad de tuberculosis diagnosticados durante junio-diciembre 2017.
Resultados: de los 29 pacientes con tratamiento anti-TB, 16 (55.2 %) presentaron efectos adversos (RAFA), 62 % en la primera fase. El sexo más afectado fue el masculino (51.7 %). La mayor prevalencia en los grupos de 5-9 y 10-14 años con 27.6 %, respectivamente. El 62 % de los casos fueron de origen rural. La educación del padre fue desconocida en el 79 % de los casos y de la madre 37.9 %. El 89.7 % de los casos con efectos adversos recibieron drogas de primera línea, y el 10.3 % drogas de segunda línea. Los efectos gastrointestinales fueron los más frecuentes; las náuseas en el 17.2 %, seguida por los vómitos con un 10.3 % de primera línea. Mientras los que utilizaron segunda línea, la náusea se presentó en 6.9 % y los vómitos en 10.3 %. Dentro de los efectos adversos el 93.8 % se clasificaron como leve. El 37 % de los pacientes finalizaron sin complicaciones.
Conclusión: la medicación anti-tuberculosis es segura y los efectos adversos no afectaron la adherencia al tratamiento en el grupo estudiado.
The effects of co-transplantation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell and thymic multipotent stromal cells on the immune system of mice during its regeneration after cyclophosphamide treatment
Authors: Demchenko D. , Nikolskiy I. 
Published: July 2019

The multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are considered as one of the most promising agents for regenerating the immune system due to its powerful secretion of reparative factors and immunomodulatory properties.The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of co-transplantation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and thymic multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) on regeneration of murine immune system damaged by cyclophosphamide.Materials and methods. MSCs were obtained from thymuses of C57BL mice using explant technique. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were obtained by flushing out the femur with nutrient medium. The immune deficiency of mice was modelled by the treatment with cyclophosphamide. After that, the cells were co-transplanted and the parameters of the immune system was evaluated. We determined the total number of erythrocytes, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration in peripheral blood; phases of the cell cycle and apoptosis of the cells of the mesenteric lymph nodes; the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen; delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH); proliferative and cytotoxic activity of natural killer lymphocytes; phagocytic activity, level of spontaneous and induced bactericidal activity of peritoneal macrophages.Results. It was shown that in contrast to BMCs, the use of MSCs alone or co-transplantation of these cells increased the spontaneous proliferative activity of lymphocytes with a significant decrease in the number of lymph node cells in G0/G1 phase by 9.2 % and an increase in the number of lymphocytes in G2-M+S phase by 35 %, as well as restoring cellularity of bone marrow, thymus and lymph nodes in mice treated with cyclophosphamide. Regeneration of erythropoiesis was stimulated by BMCs, which was manifested by the normalization of hematocrit and hemoglobin, and an increase in the number of reticulocytes in the blood by 2.2 times compared with the group of mice receiving cyclophosphamide. Co-transplantation had less pronounced, but similar effect. Transplantation of thymic MSCs stimulated the natural cytotoxicity of splenocytes by 2.7 times and substantially increased the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen by 1.7 times compared with the group of mice receiving cyclophosphamide. Co-transplantation had a pronounced suppressive effect on the blast transformation reaction induced by phytohemagglutinin by 1.7 times, but showed a stimulating effect on DTH response by 1.46 times. Transplantation of BMCs did not affect the functional activity of the immune system.Conclusion. The effects of co-transplantation of BMCs and thymic MSCs are realized in the several parts: stimulation of hematological parameters recovery (like under the effect of BMCs separately), normalization of cell number of lymphoid organs (as under the impact of thymic MSCs); inhibition of blast transformation activity and stimulation of DTH are the effects of co-transplantation.
Genes regulating programmed cell death are significantly upregulated in porcine immature oocytes
Authors: Stefańska Katarzyna , Józkowiak Małgorzata , Antosik Paweł , Bukowska Dorota , Celichowski Piotr , Bruska Małgorzata , Nowicki Michał , Kempisty Bartosz , Zakova Jana , Machatkova Marie , Jeseta Michal 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Correct maturation of the oocyte is crucial for further fertilization and embryogenesis. It comprises of both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation, during which the proteins, nutrients and mRNAs are assembled. Cumulus cells are connected with the oocyte via gap-junctions, which enable bi-directional transfer of molecules, forming cumulus-oocyte complex (COC). The expression pattern in CCs is thought to resemble the genes expressed in the oocyte. The CCs surrounding the gamete of high developmental competence have an increased expression of apoptotic markers. Therefore, our aim in this study was to determine whether any apoptosis-related genes are upregulated in porcine oocytes before or after IVM. We isolated COCs from 45 pubertal crossbred gilts, performed brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining and analyzed the gene expression pattern in oocytes before and after IVM with the use of microarray analysis. The results include 419 differentially expressed transcripts, 25 of which belong to „regulation of apoptosis” and „regulation of cell death” GO BP terms. This set of genes includes BCLAF1, EIF2AK3, KLF10, MIF, MAP3K1, NOTCH2, TXNIP and APP, all of which have been upregulated in immature porcine oocytes. Our results suggest that they play part in porcine oocyte maturation and could be used as potential markers of female gamete’s developmental competence. This knowledge could serve as a basis to improve ART in pigs.