bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modernização da produção brasileira de coco e a racionalidade do capital
Authors: Cavalcante Leandro Vieira 
Published: June 2018

ResumoEste artigo analisa o processo de modernização da produção brasileira de coco. O cultivo desse fruto vem sendo significativamente modificado nestas últimas décadas, quando se observa a passagem de um modelo de produção baseado no extrativismo para um modelo inserido em um contexto representado pelo advento da agricultura científica. Isso significa que a produção do fruto deixou de depender quase que exclusivamente de condicionantes naturais e passou a depender sobremaneira de insumos e implementos difundidos com a modernização agrícola, responsáveis por modificar as formas pelas quais o coco vinha sendo produzido até então, dotando-o de uma racionalidade anteriormente não observada.Palavras-chave: Produção de coco; Modernização da agricultura; Reestruturação produtiva da agricultura. AbstractThis article studies the process of modernization of Brazilian coconut production. The production of this fruit has been modified significantly in the last decades. In other words, the production model based on extraction has become into a scientific agriculture model. Thus, the fruit production is no longer dependent on natural factors and came to greatly depend on inputs and implements utilized with agricultural modernization, responsible for modifying the ways in which the coconut had been produced so far, giving it a rationality not previously observed.Keywords: Coconut production; Agricultural modernization; Productive restructuring of agriculture. Résumé Cet article analyse le processus de modernisation de la production brésilienne de la noix de coco. La culture de ce fruit a été modifiée de façon significative tout au long des dernières décennies, lorsque l'on observe le passage d'un modèle de production basé sur l'extractivisme vers un modèle inséré dans un contexte représenté par l'agriculture scientifique. Cela signifie que la production de ce fruit ne dépend presque plus de conditions naturelles et est venue à dépendre grandement sur les intrants et outils apparus après la modernisation agricole, responsables des changements considérables de la manière dont la noix de coco avait été produite jusqu´à nos jours. Mots-clés: Production de la noix de coco; Modernisation de l'agriculture; Restructuration productive de l'agriculture.
PRESERVAÇÃO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS E A LIMITAÇÃO REGULATÓRIA ADMINISTRATIVA DECORRENTE DA OUTORGA DE DIREITO DE USO DAS ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS NO BRASIL - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v41i3.48704
Authors: De Souza Júlio César , Bizawu Sébastien Kiwonghi 
Published: June 2018

Resumo: O presente artigo visa a abordar a orientação legislativa definida no tocante ao uso, manejo e apropriação dos recursos hídricos, a partir da análise do contexto histórico da evolução do reconhecimento da água como bem ambiental, público, finito e dotado de valor econômico, cuja utilização, disposição e acesso constituem-se em direito fundamental, a ser protegido por regulação e gestão ambiental. A análise crítica é situada especialmente no tocante à imposição do instrumento de política nacional de outorga do direito de uso das águas subterrâneas, em que se analisou, à luz da ponderação de interesses, o entendimento dos Tribunais Superiores quanto à prevalência da preservação da água sobre outros direitos. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa e natureza descritiva, tendo como norte metodológico o método dedutivo, por meio da técnica monográfica, com realização de revisão bibliográfica de artigos e obras doutrinárias nacionais referentes ao tema e análises de decisões. Abstract: The present article aims to address the legislative orientation defined regarding the use, management and appropriation of water resources, based on the analysis of the historical context related to the evolution of the recognition of water as an environmental, public, finite and endowed with economic value, whose use, disposition and access constitute a fundamental right, to be protected through regulation and environmental management. The critical analysis is focused in particular on the imposition of the instrument of national policy for granting the right to use groundwater, in which, in light of the balance of interests, the Supreme Courts' understanding of the prevalence of water preservation over others rights. For the development of the study, a qualitative and descriptive approach was used, using the methodological approach as the deductive method, through the monographic technique, with the accomplishment of bibliographical revision of articles and national doctrinal works referring to the subject and analysis of decisions.
Pro-inflammatory AGE-RAGE signaling is activated during arousal from hibernation in ground squirrel adipose
Authors: Logan Samantha M. , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: June 2018

Background
Inflammation is generally suppressed during hibernation, but select tissues (e.g. lung) have been shown to activate both antioxidant and pro-inflammatory pathways, particularly during arousal from torpor when breathing rates increase and oxidative metabolism fueling the rewarming process produces more reactive oxygen species. Brown and white adipose tissues are now understood to be major hubs for the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, yet how these potentially damaging processes are regulated by fat tissues during hibernation has hardly been studied. The advanced glycation end-product receptor (RAGE) can induce pro-inflammatory responses when bound by AGEs (which are glycated and oxidized proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids) or damage associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs, which are released from dying cells).

Methods
Since gene expression and protein synthesis are largely suppressed during torpor, increases in AGE-RAGE pathway proteins relative to a euthermic control could suggest some role for these pro-inflammatory mediators during hibernation. This study determined how the pro-inflammatory AGE-RAGE signaling pathway is regulated at six major time points of the torpor-arousal cycle in brown and white adipose from a model hibernator, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus. Immunoblotting, RT-qPCR, and a competitive ELISA were used to assess the relative gene expression and protein levels of key regulators of the AGE-RAGE pathway during a hibernation bout.

Results
The results of this study revealed that RAGE is upregulated as animals arouse from torpor in both types of fat, but AGE and DAMP levels either remain unchanged or decrease. Downstream of the AGE-RAGE cascade, nfat5 was more highly expressed during arousal in brown adipose.

Discussion
An increase in RAGE protein levels and elevated mRNA levels of the downstream transcription factor nfat5 during arousal suggest the pro-inflammatory response is upregulated in adipose tissue of the hibernating ground squirrel. It is unlikely that this cascade is activated by AGEs or DAMPs. This research sheds light on how a fat-but-fit organism with highly regulated metabolism may control the pro-inflammatory AGE-RAGE pathway, a signaling cascade that is often dysregulated in other obese organisms.
Continuous Production of Biodiesel from Rubber Seed Oil Using a Packed Bed Reactor with BaCl2 Impregnated CaO as Catalyst
Authors: Buasri Achanai , Loryuenyong Vorrada 
Published: June 2018

The goal of this research was to test barium chloride (BaCl2) impregnated calcined razor clam shell as a solid catalyst for transesterification of rubber seed oil (RSO) in a packed bed reactor (PBR). The waste razor clam shells were crushed, ground, and calcined at 900 °C in a furnace for 2 h to derive calcium oxide (CaO) particles. Subsequently, the calcined shells were impregnated with BaCl2 by wet impregnation method and recalcined at 300 °C for 2 h. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and basic strength measurements. The effects of various parameters such as residence time, reaction temperature, methanol/oil molar ratio, and catalyst bed length on the yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) were determined. The BaCl2/CaO catalyst exhibited much higher catalytic activity and stability than CaO catalyst influenced by the basicity of the doped catalyst. The maximum fatty acid methyl ester yield was 98.7 % under optimum conditions (residence time 2.0 h, reaction temperature 60 °C, methanol/oil molar ratio 12:1, and catalyst bed length 200 mm). After 6 consecutive reactions without any treatment, fatty acid methyl ester yield reduced to 83.1 %. The option of using waste razor clam shell for the production of transesterification catalysts could have economic benefits to the aquaculture and food industries.
Simple and Green Adipic Acid Synthesis from Cyclohexanone and/or Cyclohexanol Oxidation with Efficient (NH4)xHyMzPMo12O40 (M: Fe, Co, Ni) Catalysts
Authors: Mouanni Sihem , Mazari Tassadit , Benadji Sihem , Dermeche Leila , Marchal-Roch Catherine , Rabia Cherifa 
Published: June 2018

The oxidation of cyclohexanone and/or cyclohexanol to adipic acid (AA) was performed at 90 °C with a reaction time of 20 h, in the presence of H2O2 as oxidant and transition metal substituted ammonia polyoxometalates of formula, (NH4)xHyMzPMo12O40 (M: Fe, Co, or Ni, and x = 2.5 or 2.28) as catalysts. The catalytic results showed that the AA yield is sensitive to the transition metal nature and to the reaction conditions (sample weight and substrate amount). The (NH4)2.29H0.39Co0.16PMo12O40 was found to be the better catalytic system toward AA synthesis from cyclohexanone oxidation, with 40% of AA yield
Escherichia coli tRNA 2‐selenouridine synthase (SelU) converts S2U‐RNA to Se2U‐RNA via S‐geranylated‐intermediate
Authors: Sierant Malgorzata , Leszczynska Grazyna , Sadowska Klaudia , Komar Patrycja , Radzikowska‐Cieciura Ewa , Sochacka Elzbieta , Nawrot Barbara 
Published: June 2018

To date the only tRNAs containing nucleosides modified with a selenium (5‐carboxymethylaminomethyl‐2‐selenouridine and 5‐methylaminomethyl‐2‐selenouridine) have been found in bacteria. By using tRNA anticodon‐stem‐loop fragments containing S2U, Se2U, or geS2U, we found that in vitro tRNA 2‐selenouridine synthase (SelU) converts S2U‐RNA to Se2U‐RNA in a two‐step process involving S2U‐RNA geranylation (with ppGe) and subsequent selenation of the resulting geS2U‐RNA (with SePO33−). No ‘direct’ S2U‐RNA→Se2U‐RNA replacement is observed in the presence of SelU/SePO33− only (without ppGe). These results suggest that the in vivo S2U→Se2U and S2U→geS2U transformations in tRNA, so far claimed to be the elementary reactions occurring independently in the same domain of the SelU enzyme, should be considered a combination of two consecutive events – geranylation (S2U→geS2U) and selenation (geS2U→Se2U).
Correlation between intrafractional motion and dosimetric changes for prostate IMRT: Comparison of different adaptive strategies
Authors: Saito Nami , Schmitt Daniela , Bangert Mark 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo retrospectively analyze and estimate the dosimetric benefit of online and offline motion mitigation strategies for prostate IMRT.MethodsIntrafractional motion data of 21 prostate patients receiving intensity‐modulated radiotherapy was acquired with an electromagnetic tracking system. Target trajectories of 734 fractions were analyzed per delivered multileaf‐collimator segment in five motion metrics: three‐dimensional displacement, distance from beam axis (DistToBeam), and three orthogonal components. Time‐resolved dose calculations have been performed by shifting the target according to the sampled motion for the following scenarios: without adaptation, online‐repositioning with a minimum threshold of 3 mm, and an offline approach using a modified field order applying horizontal before vertical beams. Change of D95 (targets) or V65 (organs at risk) relative to the static case, that is, ΔD95 or ΔV65, was extracted per fraction in percent. Correlation coefficients (CC) between the motion metrics and the dose metrics were extracted. Mean of patient‐wise CC was used to evaluate the correlation of motion metric and dosimetric changes. Mean and standard deviation of the patient‐wise correlation slopes (in %/mm) were extracted.ResultsFor ΔD95 of the prostate, mean DistToBeam per fraction showed the highest correlation for all scenarios with a relative change of −0.6 ± 0.7%/mm without adaptation and −0.4 ± 0.5%/mm for the repositioning and field order strategies. For ΔV65 of the bladder and the rectum, superior–inferior and posterior–anterior motion components per fraction showed the highest correlation, respectively. The slope of bladder (rectum) was 14.6 ± 5.8 (15.1 ± 6.9) %/mm without adaptation, 14.0 ± 4.9 (14.5 ± 7.4) %/mm for repositioning with 3 mm, and 10.6 ± 2.5 (8.1 ± 4.6) %/mm for the field order approach.ConclusionsThe correlation slope is a valuable concept to estimate dosimetric deviations from static plan quality directly based on the observed motion. For the prostate, both mitigation strategies showed comparable benefit. For organs at risk, the field order approach showed less sensitive response regarding motion and reduced interpatient variation.
Assessment of the accuracy and stability of frameless gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Chung Hyun‐Tai , Park Woo‐Yoon , Kim Tae Hoon , Kim Yong Kyun , Chun Kook Jin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and stability of frameless gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS). The accuracies of the radiation isocenter and patient couch movement were evaluated by film dosimetry with a half‐year cycle. Radiation isocenter assessment with a diode detector and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) image accuracy tests were performed daily with a vendor‐provided tool for one and a half years after installation. CBCT image quality was examined twice a month with a phantom. The accuracy of image coregistration using CBCT images was studied using magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) images of another phantom. The overall positional accuracy was measured in whole procedure tests using film dosimetry with an anthropomorphic phantom. The positional errors of the radiation isocenter at the center and at an extreme position were both less than 0.1 mm. The three‐dimensional deviation of the CBCT coordinate system was stable for one and a half years (mean 0.04 ± 0.02 mm). Image coregistration revealed a difference of 0.2 ± 0.1 mm between CT and CBCT images and a deviation of 0.4 ± 0.2 mm between MR and CBCT images. The whole procedure test of the positional accuracy of the mask‐based irradiation revealed an accuracy of 0.5 ± 0.6 mm. The radiation isocenter accuracy, patient couch movement accuracy, and Gamma Knife Icon CBCT accuracy were all approximately 0.1 mm and were stable for one and a half years. The coordinate system assigned to MR images through coregistration was more accurate than the system defined by fiducial markers. Possible patient motion during irradiation should be considered when evaluating the overall accuracy of frameless GKRS.
Tough and Self‐Recoverable Thin Hydrogel Membranes for Biological Applications
Authors: Ye Ya Nan , Frauenlob Martin , Wang Lei , Tsuda Masumi , Sun Tao Lin , Cui Kunpeng , Takahashi Riku , Zhang Hui Jie , Nakajima Tasuku , Nonoyama Takayuki , Kurokawa Takayuki , Tanaka Shinya , Gong Jian Ping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTough and self‐recoverable hydrogel membranes with micrometer‐scale thickness are promising for biomedical applications, which, however, rarely be realized due to the intrinsic brittleness of hydrogels. In this work, for the first time, by combing noncovalent DN strategy and spin‐coating method, we successfully fabricated thin (thickness: 5–100 µm), yet tough (work of extension at fracture: 105–107J m−3) and 100% self‐recoverable hydrogel membranes with high water content (62–97 wt%) in large size (≈100 cm2). Amphiphilic triblock copolymers, which form physical gels by self‐assembly, were used for the first network. Linear polymers that physically associate with the hydrophilic midblocks of the first network, were chosen for the second network. The inter‐network associations serve as reversible sacrificial bonds that impart toughness and self‐recovery properties on the hydrogel membranes. The excellent mechanical properties of these obtained tough and thin gel membranes are comparable, or even superior to many biological membranes. The in vitro and in vivo tests show that these hydrogel membranes are biocompatible, and postoperative nonadhesive to neighboring organs. The excellent mechanical and biocompatible properties make these thin hydrogel membranes potentially suitable for use as biological or postoperative antiadhesive membranes.
Stretch‐Driven Increase in Ultrahigh Thermal Conductance of Hydrogenated Borophene and Dimensionality Crossover in Phonon Transmission
Authors: Li Dengfeng , He Jia , Ding Guangqian , Tang QiQi , Ying Yan , He Junjie , Zhong Chengyong , Liu Yi , Feng Chunbao , Sun Qilong , Zhou Hangbo , Zhou Ping , Zhang Gang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInspirited by the wide range of applications of graphene and the similarity between boron and carbon, 2D boron sheets have gained extensive research interest. In this work, using first‐principles combined with a nonequilibrium Green's function method, thermal conductance of fully hydrogenated borophene, named borophane, is studied. Interestingly and in contrast to widely perceived sense, at 300 K, it is found that the thermal conductance of borophane in the armchair direction is remarkably larger than that of graphene. More interesting, a dimensionality crossover is observed in phonon transmission where low‐frequency phonons exhibit 2D characteristic, while high‐frequency phonons behave like a 1D system, oriented along armchair direction, which results in the ultrahigh thermal conductance. An anomalous increase of thermal conductance with uniaxial tensile strain is observed, which is well explained by the unique puckered structure and chemical bonding in borophane. The excellent in‐plane stiffness and flexibility together with the high thermal conductance suggest that borophane is promising for soft thermal channel. Moreover, this unique dimensionality crossover in phonon transmission offers a perfect platform for studying the effect of phonon population in mode space, which is of primary importance for thermal transport in low‐dimensional systems.
Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Shunzhi , McGuirk C. Michael , d'Aquino Andrea , Mason Jarad A. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDue to their well‐defined 3D architectures, permanent porosity, and diverse chemical functionalities, metal–organic framework nanoparticles (MOF NPs) are an emerging class of modular nanomaterials. Herein, recent developments in the synthesis and postsynthetic surface functionalization of MOF NPs that strengthen the fundamental understanding of how such structures form and grow are highlighted; the internal structure and external surface properties of these novel nanomaterials are highlighted as well. These fundamental advances have resulted in MOF NPs being used as components in chemical sensors, biological probes, and membrane separation materials, as well as building blocks for colloidal crystal engineering.
Measuring Water‐Related Environmental Impacts of Organizations: Existing Methods and Research Gaps
Authors: Forin Silvia , Berger Markus , Finkbeiner Matthias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWater scarcity is one of the most threatening challenges of the twenty‐first century. Production processes have impacts on local water resources throughout their entire (often transboundary) value chain. This has been addressed in the last decade at the corporate level by developing and applying a broad set of approaches with different focuses and scopes. This paper reviews and evaluates existing approaches with the following aims: i) providing guidance for practitioners concerning the suitability of available methods and tools for different applications; ii) providing a scientifically robust criteria‐based comparison identifying the strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches to stimulate future method development. Eight literature‐based criteria for a suitable method for organizations are identified: documentation and transparency, scientific soundness, environmental relevance, organizational system boundaries, broadness of application, ease of application, stakeholder's acceptance, and transformative potential, specified by a total of 22 subcriteria. Nine existing approaches for measuring water‐related impacts of organizations are evaluated accordingly. These show diverging performance. Based on the overall evaluation results, taking Water Footprint (ISO 14046) as a global information tool is recommended, in combination with the Water Stewardship approach, to link assessment results to concrete mitigation measures.
Singulettspaltung für Photovoltaikanwendungen mit Injektionseffizienzen von bis zu 130 %
Authors: Kunzmann Andreas , Gruber Marco , Casillas Rubén , Zirzlmeier Johannes , Stanzel Melanie , Peukert Wolfgang , Tykwinski Rik R. , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEin neuartiges Pentacendimer (P2) und ein strukturell analoges Monomer (P1) wurden für die Anwendung in n‐Typ‐Farbstoffsolarzellen entwickelt. Für P2 wird erwartet, dass die angeregten Triplettzustände durch einen schnellen und spinerlaubten Prozess mit Ladungsträgermultiplikation (Singulettspaltung) gebildet werden. Dagegen wird für P1 eine Begünstigung des langsameren, da spinverbotenen, Intersystem‐Crossings erwartet. Für P2 wurde eine Positionierung der beiden Pentaceneinheiten sowie des Carboxylatankers jeweils in meta‐Position gewählt, um die intramolekulare Dynamik der Singulettspaltung und Elektroneninjektion zu erhöhen. Die Elektroneninjektion aus den energetisch niedrig liegenden, angeregten Triplettzuständen der Pentacenderivate erforderte jedoch die intrinsische und extrinsische Herabsetzung des Fermi‐Niveaus des Halbleiters. Indiumzinkoxid in Gegenwart von Lithium erwies sich als optimale Wahl für die Photoelektrode. Es wurde eine effiziente Elektroneninjektion aus den angeregten Triplettzuständen von P1 und P2 erzielt, mit einer Ladungsträgermultiplikation von nahezu 130 % für P2.
A Microporous Covalent–Organic Framework with Abundant Accessible Carbonyl Groups for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Zhiqiang , Liu Luojia , Ning Jiaxin , Lei Kaixiang , Lu Yong , Li Fujun , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA key challenge faced by organic electrodes is how to promote the redox reactions of functional groups to achieve high specific capacity and rate performance. Here, we report a two‐dimensional (2D) microporous covalent–organic framework (COF), poly(imide‐benzoquinone), via in situ polymerization on graphene (PIBN‐G) to function as a cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Such a structure favors charge transfer from graphene to PIBN and full access of both electrons and Li+ ions to the abundant redox‐active carbonyl groups, which are essential for battery reactions. This enables large reversible specific capacities of 271.0 and 193.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 10 C, respectively, and retention of more than 86 % after 300 cycles. The discharging/charging process successively involves 8 Li+ and 2 Li+ in the carbonyl groups of the respective imide and quinone groups. The structural merits of PIBN‐G will trigger more investigations into the designable and versatile COFs for electrochemistry.