bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial disparities in presenting stage and surgical management among octogenarians with breast cancer: a national cancer database analysis
Authors: Vadlakonda Amulya , Chervu Nikhil L. , Porter Giselle , Sakowitz Sara , Lee Hanjoo , Benharash Peyman , Kapoor Nimmi S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
As the US faces a diverse aging population, racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes among elderly patients remain poorly understood. We evaluate the association of race with presenting stage, treatment, and survival of invasive breast cancer among octogenarians.

Methods
Women (≥ 80 years) with invasive breast cancer were identified in 2004–2020 NCDB. To facilitate comparison, only non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White patients were included; patients of Hispanic ethnicity were excluded. Demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatments were assessed by race. Overall survival was compared using the logrank test. Multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression models were developed to evaluate the independent association of race with outcomes of interest.

Results
Of 222,897 patients, 19,059 (8.6%) were Black. Most patients had stage I ER + HER2- invasive ductal carcinoma. Black patients more frequently had greater comorbidities, low income and education, and advanced stage (p < 0.001 each; ref: White). Following adjustment, Black women had increased likelihood of Stage III/IV over time, as well as increased odds of chemotherapy (AOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.15 – 1.29) and non-operative management (AOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.72 – 1.92; ref: White). Although Black patients had lower survival rates compared to White, race was not associated with 5-year mortality following adjustment for stage, receipt of surgery, and adjuvant treatments (p = 0.34).

Conclusions
Inferior survival among elderly Black patients appears be driven by advanced stage at presentation. While such disparities are narrowing in the present era, future work must consider upstream interventions to ensure equitable outcomes for all races.
HBV Transmission Knowledge Among Korean-American Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in the United States
Authors: Lee Giyoung , Juon HeeSoon , Kim Eunji , Smith Katherine C. , Hann Hie-Won , Chang Mimi , Klassen Ann C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a condition that disproportionately affects Asian Americans in the United States. Knowledge of transmission is crucial for CHB patients to practice prevention methods to limit the spread of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), but also live their lives free from unwarranted fears or restrictions. Among Asian CHB patients, several misperceptions about HBV transmission have been identified. This analysis aims to assess the current state of HBV knowledge among a cohort of Korean-American CHB patients. This mixed-methods study includes 363 respondents who completed a survey in either Korean (N = 298) or English (N = 65) at two clinical care settings in Philadelphia (N = 161) and Los Angeles (N = 202); 30 participants also completed in-depth interviews. Knowledge was measured on a 10-point scale, asking patients yes or no transmission questions (n = 10, alpha = 0.87). The average knowledge score was 6.3. In multivariate analyses, older age was associated with lower knowledge (β=-0.25, p < 0.001). More years of formal education (β = 0.09, p = 0.076) and utilizing more sources for health information (β = 0.12, p = 0.023) were both independently associated with higher knowledge scores. Qualitative findings show that misperceptions about transmission through shared food still exist and that provider communication is an important part of knowledge acquisition. These results suggest that despite receiving specialized, culturally concordant medical care for their disease, some Korean-American CHB patients have an inadequate understanding of transmission and that opportunities exist to improve education in this population. Identifying additional factors that influence knowledge acquisition and retention is key to developing culturally effective education interventions for this population.
Bridging the Gap Between Labour Unions and the Management Through Leadership Development Programs?
Authors: Vie Ola Edvin , Lebesby Kristin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper we explore if leadership development programs can be applied to bridge the gap between labour unions and the management. By describing and discussing three different programs we can see that joint leadership development programs can promote collaboration between labour unions and the management. The paper argues that such programs need to be built on a premise that more actors than just formal managers can exercise leadership and contribute to organizational development. The paper also discusses why such programs are more easily achievable in a Norwegian setting. However, to make lasting improvements leadership development programs also need to include large organizational development elements, like the co-generative learning model (Elden and Levin (1991) Participatory Action Research. Sage, Newbury Park, pp 127–142). Sufficient time, resources and focus, including assessments of employees’ needs and internal politics, is needed to not only bridging the gap between labour unions and the management, but also to bring in “ordinary” employees.
Investigation of the reproducibility of the treatment efficacy of a commercial bio stimulant using metabolic profiling on flax
Authors: Hamade Kamar , Fliniaux Ophelie , Fontaine Jean-Xavier , Molinié Roland , Herfurth Damien , Mathiron David , Sarazin Vivien , Mesnard Francois 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction and objectives
Since the use of a bio stimulant should provide a response to a problem that depends on the production system implemented (crops, plant model, soil, climate, the farmer’s practices…), the agricultural sector is facing concomitant challenges of choosing the best bio stimulant that suits their needs. Thus, understanding bio stimulant-plant interactions, at molecular level, using metabolomics approaches is a prerequisite, for the development of a bio stimulant, leading to an effective exploration and application of formulations in agriculture. AGRO-K®, is commercialized as a plant-based bio stimulant that improve vigor and enhance resistance to lodging in cereal crops. A recent previous untargeted metabolomics study has demonstrated the ability of this bio stimulant to improve wheat resistance to lodging, in real open-field conditions. However, the reproducibility of the impact of this bio stimulant in other filed crops is not yet investigated.

Methods
Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the changes in primary and secondary metabolites in the roots, stems, and leaves of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L), treated with the bio stimulant, using NMR and LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics approach.

Results and conclusions
In addition to the previous result conducted in wheat, the present analysis seemed to show that this bio stimulant led to a similar pathway enhancement in flax. The pathways which seem to be reproducibly impacted are hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs), phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. Impacting these pathways enhance root growth and elongation and cell wall lignification, which can aid in preventing crop lodging. These results confirm that HCAAs, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids could serve as signatory biomarkers of the impact of AGRO-K® on improving lodging resistance across various plant species.
Design, validation and psychometric properties of a questionnaire to assess intrapreneurial behaviours in sports organisations
Authors: Lara-Bocanegra Alejandro , Bohórquez M. Rocío , García-Fernández Jerónimo , Ratten Vanessa , Gálvez-Ruiz Pablo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntrapreneurs in sports organisations can detect early signs of new opportunities and threats and introduce early changes to adapt to the constant changes in the sports sector. In addition, intrapreneurs are considered a fundamental pillar in the growth and development of innovation in sports organisations. Thus, the objective of this work is to design and validate an instrument to detect employees with intrapreneurial behaviours in sports organisations. Based on the dimensions of intrapreneurship identified in the scientific literature and related questionnaires, a tool—the COINDE—composed of 46 items distributed in five dimensions was constructed and subjected to expert judgment and a pilot study and subsequently reduced to 26 items and five statistically validated dimensions. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) yielded two valid and reliable models to detect employees with intrapreneurial behaviours in sports organisations, with 5 and 6 dimensions and 25 and 26 items, respectively. The 5-factor model is proposed and justified. The dimensions are: creativity/innovation, risk-taking, proactivity, recognition of opportunities and priority of the internal project. The COINDE is a valid and reliable instrument representing an important advance over the existing instruments by providing specificity of the measure in the sports context, the work profile of the employees of these organisations, and allowing direct evaluation of intrapreneurial behaviour.
Mishaps in the Land van Eendracht: Exploring the Cause of Zuytdorp’s Wrecking
Authors: Stelten Ruud , van Duivenvoorde Wendy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractZuytdorp is one of four known Dutch East India Company shipwrecks off the western Australian coast. Believed to have foundered in the fall of 1712, its wreck site was located in 1927 on a remote stretch of the central western Australian coast. Since its identification in 1958, the site has been investigated during several archaeological expeditions. The cause of Zuytdorp’s wrecking, however, has never been properly assessed. Some researchers assume the ship crashed into shore due to an inaccurate longitude determination. Others believe the ship reached the Australian coastline safely and foundered due to a storm or other mishap. This study will use various lines of evidence to answer the question of how Zuytdorp wrecked. These include an assessment of contemporary cartographic and navigational knowledge, charts that would have been available on the vessel, coastal visibility, and signs that ships were nearing land as found in contemporary ship logs. It will be shown that Zuytdorp’s officers had access to the necessary cartographic information in order to navigate the Indian Ocean and Western Australian coastline, that there were numerous warning signs the vessel was nearing the coast and various measures taken to avoid a collision, and that meteorological conditions at the wreck site likely drove the ship ashore. Through a thorough analysis of these lines of evidence, it will be demonstrated that a sudden and unexpected encounter with the shore is an unlikely scenario. Instead, Zuytdorp could have reached the Australian coastline intentionally and most likely wrecked due to a storm.
The missed chapter on midfoot: Chopart injuries
Authors: Abs Bilal , Ferreira Branco David , Gamulin Axel , Botti Paul , Buzzi Marcello , Poletti Pierre-Alexandre , Bouredoucen Hicham , Boudabbous Sana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Midtarsal injuries are often missed at initial presentation which may lead to long-term complications. Nonetheless, radiographs (XR) are used as a primary imaging method. The place of cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) remains unclear in the management of midfoot injuries. The aim of this study was to update imaging findings on traumatic ankle and foot injuries (TAAFI) with CBCT and to assess the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of XR compared to CBCT for midfoot injuries detections.

Material and methods
All CBCT studies performed due to (TAAFI) that had previous XR were collected for a period of 5 years. They were retrospectively anonymized and analyzed by a radiologist. A second blinded study of XR was made by a second radiologist as a control.

Results
A total of 754 cases were included. Lisfranc and Chopart injuries were detected in 153 (20.2%) and 154 (20.4%) patients, respectively. Lisfranc and Chopart’s lesions combined together were seen in 33 cases (10.7%). A blinded retrospective analysis of XR compared to CBCT shows a sensitivity of 64.9% (56.8–72.4%; 95% CI), a specificity of 95.0% (92.9–96.6%; 95% CI) and an accuracy of 88.9% (86.4–91.0%; 95% CI) for Chopart’s injuries. Regarding Lisfranc, the sensitivity was 62.1% (53.9–69.8%; 95% CI), specificity 99.0% (97.8–99.6%; 95% CI) and accuracy 91.5% (89.3–93.4%; 95% CI).

Conclusion
This cohort study highlights the missed injuries of Chopart on XR and the low association with Lisfranc avulsions. The use of CBCT helps in detecting and assessing midfoot injury.
Negotiating with your mouth full: Intergovernmental negotiations between transparency and confidentiality
Authors: Kleine Mareike , Huntington Samuel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTransparency lies at the heart of canonical theories of international negotiations and institutions—yet it is rarely directly measured or explained. This paper explores the potential downsides of transparency reforms in intergovernmental negotiations and institutions. We argue that as formal international meetings open up to the public, negotiators face incentives to shift deliberations to more informal and opaque venues, especially for sensitive and domestically contested issues. To test when and why this occurs, we present new data on three decades of intergovernmental negotiations in the Council of the European Union (1990–2019), and in particular the use of informal breaks where no minutes are taken. We find that recourse to such breaks—especially at lunch time—has increased substantially, and that ministers often take these opportunities to discuss controversial topics. We deploy quantitative and qualitative analyses to show that variations in informal breaks correlate both with institutional enhancements to transparency and with specific concerns over antagonistic political mobilization at home, notably in the form of Euroscepticism. These findings challenge received positive and normative theories about transparency in international institutions, and contribute to the literature on informal governance, negotiation studies, EU politics, and the transnational democratic deficit.
The Profiles of Health Aging in Older Ethiopian Adults within the WHO Healthy Aging Framework
Authors: Belachew Amare , Cherbuin Nicolas , Bagheri Nasser , Burns Richard 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe World Health Organisation’s (WHO) Healthy Aging framework describes healthy aging as the maintenance of functional capacity in older adults. However, aging is a heterogeneous process influenced by genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors, leading to variations in experiences of functional capacity among adults. In this study, Latent Class Analysis (LCA) classified groups of individuals based on their health and functional capacities. Adults from Northwest Ethiopia (n = 845) aged ≥ 60 years old, were interviewed about their cognition, mental health, social support, independence, and sensory functioning. LCA identified three groups, reflecting “high-“ (47.5%); "moderate-" (37.3%); and "low-functioning" (15.2%) participants. Compared to low-functioning individuals, high-functioning individuals were less likely to be aged 80+ (RR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.80), lonely (RR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.72, 3.18), but more likely to report normal nutritional status (RR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.47, 2.86), no multimorbidity (RR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.32), living in an urban area (RR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.22), and financially independent (RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.49). Notably, almost half of the sample was classified as high functioning, comparable to findings from other developing countries. Those individuals in the high-functioning group who did not meet the WHO criteria for functional capacity across all domains did not differ from those individuals who did meet all the WHO criteria. This positively demonstrates that older adults do not need to be functional across all dimensions to experience healthy aging.
A machine learning approach for analyzing sexual satisfaction based on psychological features
Authors: Romero Duban , Rubio Lihki , Rodrigues David L. , Mebarak Moisés 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe emergence of machine learning techniques has revolutionized various fields, helping to shed light into the complexities of human sexuality and address sexuality-related problems. The present study aimed to classify sexual satisfaction in both women (n = 503) and men (n = 342), who completed a digital survey aimed at Colombian adults based on a snowball sampling. Collected data were analyzed using several supervised learning algorithms where inputs included marital status, sociosexuality, sexual drive, sexual functioning, and personality traits. The results showed that the XGBoost model provided best classification results for sexual satisfaction in women, while the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) had the best performance in classifying sexual satisfaction in men. In both groups, sexual functioning and sexual drive were the most significant predictors of sexual satisfaction. Traits such as extraversion, narcissism, machiavellianism, and sociosexual behavior had a lesser importance. Lastly, psychopathy emerged as a significant predictor of men's sexual satisfaction, whereas conscientiousness emerged as a significant predictor of women's satisfaction. This study provides a technological tool to classify sexual satisfaction using Machine Learning models, in addition, provide, in terms of entropy, variables with the greatest influence based on the data and predictions.
Machine Learning in Vascular Medicine: Optimizing Clinical Strategies for Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Perez Sean , Thandra Sneha , Mellah Ines , Kraemer Laura , Ross Elsie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), a condition affecting millions of patients, is often underdiagnosed due to a lack of symptoms in the early stages and management can be complex given differences in genetic and phenotypic characteristics. This review aims to provide readers with an update on the utility of machine learning (ML) in the management of PAD.

Recent Findings
Recent research leveraging electronic health record (EHR) data and ML algorithms have demonstrated significant advances in the potential use of automated systems, namely artificial intelligence (AI), to accurately identify patients who might benefit from further PAD screening. Additionally, deep learning algorithms can be used on imaging data to assist in PAD diagnosis and automate clinical risk stratification.
ML models can predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE) with considerable accuracy, with many studies also demonstrating the ability to more accurately risk stratify patients for deleterious outcomes after surgical intervention. These predictions can assist physicians in developing more patient-centric treatment plans and allow for earlier, more aggressive management of modifiable risk-factors in high-risk patients. The use of proteomic biomarkers in ML models offers a valuable addition to traditional screening and stratification paradigms, though clinical utility may be limited by cost and accessibility.

Summary
The application of AI to the care of PAD patients may enable earlier diagnosis and more accurate risk stratification, leveraging readily available EHR and imaging data, and there is a burgeoning interest in incorporating biological data for further refinement. Thus, the promise of precision PAD care grows closer. Future research should focus on validating these models via real-world integration into clinical practice and prospective evaluation of the impact of this new care paradigm.
Counting Essential Minimal Surfaces in Closed Negatively Curved N-Manifolds
Authors: Jiang Ruojing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For closed odd-dimensional manifolds with sectional curvature less than or equal to − 1, we establish the concept of minimal surface entropy that counts the number of surface subgroups. Additionally, we demonstrate that the minimal surface entropy attains the minimum value if and only if the metric is hyperbolic.
Temporal trends in the prevalence of major birth defects in China: a nationwide population-based study from 2007 to 2021
Authors: Li Wen-Yan , Chen Zhi-Yu , Xu Wen-Li , Gao Yu-Yang , Liu Zhen , Li Qi , Dai Li 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Birth defects constitute a significant public health issue worldwide, yet there is a lack of comprehensive population-based data for the Chinese population.

Methods
We analyzed data from the China National Population-based Birth Defects Surveillance System from 2007 to 2021, we calculated the prevalence rates of selected birth defects, stratified by maternal residence, geographic region, maternal age, and infant sex. The Joinpoint regression model was utilized to assess trends and annual percent changes in prevalence.

Results
From 2007 to 2021, significant downward trends in prevalence were observed for neural tube defects (NTDs), hydrocephalus, cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P), limb reduction defects (LRD), omphalocele, Down syndrome, and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Conversely, upward trends were identified for hypospadias, cleft palate (CP), microtia/anotia, polydactyly, syndactyly, ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale (ASD/PFO), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Younger mothers exhibited a higher prevalence of hydrocephalus, gastroschisis, CL/P, and polydactyly, while anotia/microtia, Down syndrome, and congenital heart diseases (CHDs) were more common in mothers aged 35 years or older. Significant variations in the prevalence of anencephalus, spina bifida, CL/P, anorectal atresia/stenosis, hypospadias, polydactyly, syndactyly, VSD, ASD/PFO, and PDA were found across different maternal residences and geographic regions.

Conclusion
This study highlights the diverse trends and prevalence patterns of major birth defects, underscoring the necessity for defect-specific public health interventions.

Graphical abstract
Is the age pension in Australia sustainable and fair? Evidence from forecasting the old-age dependency ratio using the Hamilton-Perry model
Authors: Chen Sizhe , Shang Han Lin , Yang Yang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The age pension aims to assist eligible elderly Australians who meet specific age and residency criteria in maintaining basic living standards. In designing efficient pension systems, government policymakers seek to satisfy the expectations of the overall aging population in Australia. However, the population’s unique demographic characteristics at the state and territory level are often overlooked due to the lack of available data. We use the Hamilton-Perry model, which requires minimum input, to model and forecast the evolution of age-specific populations at the state and territory level. We also integrate the obtained sub-national demographic information to determine sustainable pension ages up to 2051. We also investigate pension welfare distribution in all states and territories to identify the disadvantaged residents under the current pension system. Using the sub-national mortality data for Australia from 1971 to 2021 obtained from AHMD (2023), we implement the Hamilton-Perry model with the help of functional time series forecasting techniques. With the forecasts of age-specific population sizes for each state and territory, we compute the old age dependency ratio to determine the nationwide sustainable pension age.