bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring graphene reinforced thermoset and biothermoset composites
Authors: Thalib Nur Bazilah , Mustapha Siti Noor Hidayah , Feng Chong Kwok , Mustapha Rohani 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The surge of knowledge among researchers pertaining to the excellent properties of graphene has led to the utilisation of graphene as a reinforced filler in polymer composites. Different methods of graphene preparation, either bottom-up or top-down methods, are important requirements of starting materials in producing reinforced properties in the composites. The starting graphene material produced is either further functionalised or directly used as a filler in thermoset polymer matrixes. An effective interaction between graphene and polymer matrixes is important and can be achieved by incorporating graphene into a thermoset polymer matrix through melt mixing, solution mixing or in situ polymerisation processes. In addition, by taking into consideration the importance of green and sustainable composites, the details of previous work on graphene reinforced bio-thermoset polymer matrixes is discussed. The resultant mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were associated to the chemical interaction between the graphene filler and a thermoset matrix. Exploration for further variations of graphene polymer composites are discussed by taking the reinforcement properties in graphene composite as a starting point.
Gamification of global climate change: an experimental analysis
Authors: Nastis Stefanos A. , Pagoni Eirini Grammatiki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe global climate system poses important challenges for the perception and understanding of its functioning from policymakers and the general public. The aim of the paper is to model through gamification, the evolution of understanding regarding the dynamics of climate change and climate change adaptation. Using a framework with repeated feedback loops, the impact of the rate of carbon dioxide absorption by natural ecosystems, the stochastic nature of economic systems and the stochastic and irreversible nature of global climate are analyzed, with the Dynamic Climate Change Simulator with Stochastic and Irreversible Climate Change. The simulator game models one control variable, carbon dioxide emissions and one stock variable, carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. In addition, the rate of carbon dioxide absorption by natural ecosystems is modeled, with business cycle shocks and climate change tipping points. The ability to control carbon dioxide concentrations to a goal level is evaluated and policy insights are provided about how learning about the dynamics of the Earth’s climate through gamification can be advanced.
The effect of automated hemolysis index measurement on sample and test rejection rates
Authors: Atakan Erkal Fazıla , Aykal Güzin , Yalçınkaya Hayriye Melek , Aksoy Nihal , Özdemir Murat 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objective
Vast majority of laboratory errors occurs in preanalytical phase and in vitro hemolysis is the most common among preanalytical errors. Automated serum index measurement is being used in routine biochemical analysis in Antalya Public Health Care Laboratory, since June 2014. Our aim in this study is to reveal the impact of serum index usage on rejected samples and rejected test rates due to hemolysis.

Materials and methods
Hemolysis, icterus and lipemia (HIL) spectral interference reagent and program have been used in our laboratory since June 2014. In the current study, the number of samples and tests that were rejected due to hemolysis in June–August 2014 were compared with those rejected in the same period of 2013.

Results
In 2014, the sample rejection rate was 2.53% and the rejected test rate was 0.48%. In 2013, the sample rejection rate was 0.56% and the rejected test rate was 0.55%. When compared two periods, statistically significant increase in rejected sample number due to hemolysis in 2014 is result of, visually undetectable hemolyzed samples previously can be identified by HIL method (p<0.05).

Conclusion
Usage of hemolysis index program in automated systems for detecting hemolysis was evaluated as a method which is standardized, semi-quantitative, with high reproducibility and allows test based rejection.
Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from
Citrus aurantium
L zest against some pathogenic microorganisms
Authors: Teneva Desislava , Denkova-Kostova Rositsa , Goranov Bogdan , Hristova-Ivanova Yana , Slavchev Aleksandar , Denkova Zapryana , Kostov Georgi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of Citrus aurantium L zest essential oil. The identification of the chemical compounds was done using chromatography analysis. The antioxidant activity was studied by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Results showed that the main components of the essential oil were limonene (85.22%), β-myrcene (4.3%), and α-pinene (1.29%). Regarding the DPPH radical scavenging ability, the zest essential oil showed higher activity than limonene. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against pathogenic [Staphylococcus aureus NBIMCC 3703, Salmonella sp. (clinical isolate), Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBIMCC 1390, Bacillus subtilis NBIMCC 1208, Escherichia coli NBIMCC 3702] microorganisms by disc-diffusion method was examined. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the oil (inhibition zones being between 9 and 12.5 mm) and the minimum inhibitory concentration was more than 600 ppm; Gram-negative bacteria were less sensitive. The obtained essential oil displayed promising results for its application as a biopreservative agent.
A multi-enzyme cascade reaction for the production of 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid
Authors: Srinivasamurthy Vishnu S.T. , Böttcher Dominique , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Multi-enzyme cascade reactions capture the essence of nature’s efficiency by increasing the productivity of a process. Here we describe one such three-enzyme cascade for the synthesis of 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid. Whole cells of Escherichia coli co-expressing an alcohol dehydrogenase and a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (CHMO) for internal cofactor regeneration were used without the supply of external NADPH or NADP+. The product inhibition caused by the ε-caprolactone formed by the CHMO was overcome by the use of lipase CAL-B for in situ conversion into 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid. A stirred tank reactor under fed-batch mode was chosen for efficient catalysis. By using this setup, a product titre of >20 g L−1 was achieved in a 500 mL scale with an isolated yield of 81% 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid.
Synthesis, Characterization and Corrosion Inhibition ofN′-Phenylbenzohydrazide Derivative Metal Complexes: Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: Mahross Mahmoud H. , Efil Kürşat , El-Nasr Tarek Ahmed Seaf , Abbas Osama A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe main purpose of the present study is to determine anticorrosion properties in oilfield produced water of theN′-phenylbenzohydrazide and its metal complex derivatives by experimental studies and quantum chemical calculations as well as investigate the relationship between experimental and theoretical study results through a correlation study. The molecular structures ofN′-phenylbenzohydrazide and its metal complexes (Cu, Mn, Co) obtained characterized by using UV–Vis and FT–IR techniques. The electrochemical polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used experimentally in the discovery of corrosion inhibition properties of the metal complexes in oilfield produced water. Some important quantum chemical parameters of the metal complexes were calculated using quantum chemical software, Gaussian 03 W. The electrochemical polarization measurements showed that the inhibition efficiencies of metal complexes were increased with an increase of concentration. The results showed that the metal complexes acted as anodic-type inhibitors. The experimental inhibition activities of studied metal complexes were found to be highly correlated with calculated some parameters, ET, ELUMO, EHOMOand EGap.
Interset Stretching vs. Traditional Strength Training: Effects on Muscle Strength and Size in Untrained Individuals
Authors: Evangelista Alexandre L. , De Souza Eduardo O. , Moreira Daniella C.B. , Alonso Angélica Castilho , Teixeira Cauê Vasquez La Scala , Wadhi Tanuj , Rauch Jacob , Bocalini Danilo S. , Pereira Paulo Eduardo De Assis , Greve Julia Maria D'Andréa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Evangelista, AL, De Souza, EO, Moreira, DCB, Alonso, AC, Teixeira, CVLS, Wadhi, T, Rauch, J, Bocalini, DS, Pereira, PEDA, and Greve, JMDA. Interset stretching vs. traditional strength training: effects on muscle strength and size in untrained individuals. J Strength Cond Res 33(7S): S159–S166, 2019—This study compared the effects of 8 weeks of traditional strength training (TST) and interset stretching (ISS) combined with TST on muscular adaptations. Twenty-nine sedentary, healthy adults were randomly assigned to either the TST (n = 17; 28.0 ± 6.4 years) or ISS (n = 12; 26.8 ± 6.1 years) group. Both groups performed 6 strength exercises encompassing the whole body (bench press, elbow extension, seated rows, biceps curl, knee extension, and knee flexion) performing 4 sets of 8–12 repetition maximum (RM) with a 90-second rest between sets. However, the ISS group performed static passive stretching, at maximum amplitude, for 30 seconds between sets. Both groups performed training sessions twice a week on nonconsecutive days. Muscle strength (i.e., 1RM) and hypertrophy (i.e., muscle thickness [MT] by ultrasonography) were measured at pre-test and after 8 weeks of training. Both groups increased 1RM bench press (p ≤ 0.0001): ISS (23.4%, CIdiff: 4.3 kg–11.1 kg) and TST (22.2%, CIdiff: 5.2 kg–10.9 kg) and 1RM knee extension (p ≤ 0.0001): ISS (25.5%, CIdiff: 5.6 kg–15.0 kg) and TST (20.6%, CIdiff: 4.4 kg–12.3 kg). Both groups increased MT of biceps brachii (BIMT), triceps brachii (TRMT), and rectus femoris (RFMT) (p ≤ 0.0001). BIMT: ISS (7.2%, CIdiff: 1.14–3.5 mm) and TST (4.7%, CIdiff: 0.5–2.5 mm), TRMT: ISS (12.3%, CIdiff: 1.1–4.4 mm) and TST (7.1%, CIdiff: 0.3–3.1 mm), and RFMT: ISS (12.4%, CIdiff: 1.1–2.9 mm) and TST (9.1%, CIdiff: 0.7–2.2 mm). For vastus lateralis muscle thickness (VLMT) and sum of the 4 muscle thickness sites (ΣMT), there was a significant group by time interaction (p ≤ 0.02) in which ISS increased VLMT and ΣMT to a greater extent than TST. Vastus lateralis muscle thickness: ISS (17.0%, CIdiff: 1.5–3.1 mm) and TST (7.3%, CIdiff: 0.7–2.1 mm), and ΣMT: ISS (10.5%, CIdiff: 6.5–9.0 mm) and TST (6.7%, CIdiff: 3.9–8.3 mm). Although our findings might suggest a benefit of adding ISS into TST for optimizing muscle hypertrophy, our data are not sufficient enough to conclude that ISS is superior to TST for inducing muscle hypertrophic adaptations. More studies are warranted to elucidate the effects of ISS compared with TST protocols on skeletal muscle. However, our findings support that adding ISS to regular TST regimens does not compromise muscular adaptations during the early phase of training (<8 weeks) in untrained individuals.
Transfer of Training: How Specific Should We Be?
Authors: Brearley Simon , Bishop Chris 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
A SPECTRUM OF APPROACHES EXISTS AMONG STRENGTH COACHES AS TO THE DEGREE OF SPECIFICITY REQUIRED TO OPTIMIZE TRAINING TRANSFER TO TARGETED ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE. THE “PROBLEM” WITH SPECIFICITY IS THAT IT IS IN CONFLICT WITH OVERLOAD. SOME GIVING PRECEDENCE TO SPECIFICITY FIND A SOLUTION IN APPLYING OVERLOAD THROUGH VARIATION, WHEREAS OTHERS SEEK TO TRADITIONALLY OVERLOAD 1 OR 2 ELEMENTS OF THE SPORTING MOVEMENT. ADVOCATES OF GENERAL TRAINING MORE READILY SACRIFICE SPECIFICITY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPACITIES. IN APPLYING THESE CONTRASTING APPROACHES TO THE HYPOTHETICAL TARGET TASK OF ACCELERATIVE SPRINTING, THIS REVIEW COMBINES EVIDENCE- AND LOGIC-LED ARGUMENTS TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF EACH. AS SUCH, A SUMMARY OF LITERATURE IS PRESENTED. IN MOST CONTEXTS, A MIXED-METHODS APPROACH REMAINS RECOMMENDED AS DEGREE OF TRANSFER TO TARGETED ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE APPEARS AS DEPENDENT ON ATHLETE STATUS AS IT IS ON THE SPECIFICITY OF THE TRAINING TASK.
Cement Strength and Concrete Strength—An Apparition or a Dichotomy?
Authors: Gaynor RD 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
ASTM cement specifications rely on tests of the cement in standard mortars to control the strength-producing and air-entraining characteristics of the cement. The compressive strength of mortar is used by cement manufacturers to monitor the quality of their products. Concrete producers also use these mortar strengths to estimate the probable effect of the cement on concrete strength, especially when concrete strengths are lower than expected. However, cement manufacturers are reluctant to assume that these strengths bear any formal relationship to strength performance in concrete. Over the past 40 years, several researchers have studied the degree to which the results of the standard mortar tests correlate with cement performance in concrete. This paper reviews some of these studies and compares them to extensive data developed in the reference sample programs of the ASTM Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory.
The standard ASTM compressive strength and air content methods used to test cement are found to correlate quite well with cement performance in concrete if steps are taken to avoid the variability associated with reliance on tests of single batches.
Recycling of Post-Consumer PET Plastic Waste Bottles in Non-Cement Composites for Construction Applications
Authors: Solanki Pranshoo , Bhattarai Samikaran 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study focused on developing and evaluating non-cement composites for construction applications using post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles. A total of two types of non-cement composites, namely, pervious PET composite (PPC) and PET soil composite (PSC), were developed. In addition, nine PPC mixes and five PSC mixes were designed using different PET and soil contents. Using the mix designs, cylindrical samples of PPC and PSC were produced in mold by compacting a mixture containing molten PET and heated soil or aggregates or both in accordance with proportions determined from mix design. Dry cylindrical samples of PPC were tested for indirect tensile strength and permeability in a unique manner. On the other hand, dry PSC samples were tested for compressive strength and moisture susceptibility tests. A PET content of 7.5 % PET was found to provide maximum tensile strength values among all PPC samples tested in this study. It was also found that using PET alone in PPC mix is not strong enough in binding aggregates and, therefore, 10 % soil was found to provide maximum strength. Permeability values of PPC mix decreased with an increase in both PET and soil content. The developed PSC mixes produced higher compressive strength values as compared to control samples containing up to 10 % cement; 25 % PET content provided strength of approximately 4,690 psi. Increase in PET content made PSC samples more ductile and moisture resistant. Overall, findings from this study indicate that PPC and PSC could potentially be used for construction applications and offer an effective technique for diverting a large amount of PET plastic from landfills and incinerators.
Raça e Gênero: contribuições para pesquisas nas ciências sociais e jurídicas
Authors: Dos Santos Gislene Aparecida 
Published: January 2019

Partindo de uma amostra 39 casos do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo referentes à discriminação por raça e cor praticadas por mulheres, esse artigo visa analisar elementos relevantes para a realização de pesquisas na área das ciências humanas e sociais cujo foco seja o de discutir as relações raciais. Os casos foram retirados da base de dados do GEPPIS, construída entre 2012-2014. Os dados informam que, quando se trata de ofensas racistas, mulheres da mesma classe social e faixa etária discriminam outras mulheres. Também foi possível observar que mulheres pardas discriminam mulheres negras. As discriminações objetivavam estabelecer uma diferenciação e uma hierarquia onde outros marcadores sociais (classe, idade, gênero) apontavam para a igualdade. Esses achados apontam para a importância de se considerar múltiplas formas de se mensurar e entender raça levando em conta cor da pele, gênero, classe, entre outros aspectos. Também revela a relevância de se considerar questões epistemológicas, horizontes de interpretação e lócus de enunciação para que se tenha uma compreensão aprofundada dos fenômenos complexos associados ao tema.
The Role of miRNAs inDrosophila melanogasterMale Courtship Behavior
Authors: Iftikhar Hina , Johnson Nicholas L , Marlatt Matthew L , Carney Ginger E 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe role of non-coding RNAs in the development and maintenance of sex-specific characteristics in Drosophila is not well understood. Iftikhar et al. present results of a genetic screen demonstrating...Drosophila melanogaster courtship, although stereotypical, continually changes based on cues received from the courtship subject. Such adaptive responses are mediated via rapid and widespread transcriptomic reprogramming, a characteristic now widely attributed to microRNAs (miRNAs), along with other players. Here, we conducted a large-scale miRNA knockout screen to identify miRNAs that affect various parameters of male courtship behavior. Apart from identifying miRNAs that impact male–female courtship, we observed that miR-957 mutants performed significantly increased male–male courtship and “chaining” behavior, whereby groups of males court one another. We tested the effect of miR-957 reduction in specific neuronal cell clusters, identifying miR-957 activity in Doublesex (DSX)-expressing and mushroom body clusters as an important regulator of male–male courtship interactions. We further characterized the behavior of miR-957 mutants and found that these males court male subjects vigorously, but do not elicit courtship. Moreover, they fail to lower courtship efforts toward females with higher levels of antiaphrodisiac pheromones. At the level of individual pheromones, miR-957 males show a reduced inhibitory response to both 7-Tricosene (7-T) and cis-vaccenyl acetate, with the effect being more pronounced in the case of 7-T. Overall, our results indicate that a single miRNA can contribute to the regulation of complex behaviors, including detection or processing of chemicals that control important survival strategies such as chemical mate-guarding, and the maintenance of sex- and species-specific courtship barriers.
Choledochoduodeninė fistulė: literatūros apžvalga ir klinikinio atvejo aprašymas
Authors: Krištopaitytė Giedrė , Kazėnaitė Edita , Sokolovas Vitalijus 
Published: January 2019

Choledochoduodeninė fistulė (CDF) yra retas, dažniausiai atsitiktinis virškinimo trakto vaizdinių tyrimų ar intraoperacinis radinys, sudarantis apie 1–2 % visų bilioenterinių fistulių. Dažniausi etiologiniai veiksniai – opaligė (proksimalinės CDF) ir cholelitiazė(distalinės CDF). Simptominių fistulių gydymui taikomos endoskopinės procedūros – ERCP su PST ir stentavimu arba operuojama. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiama trumpa literatūros apie CDF etiologiją ir gydymo metodus apžvalga ir aprašomasklinikinis atvejis, kai ligonė tirta ir gydyta nuo simptominės distalinės II tipo (pagal Ikedos klasifikaciją) fistulės, kuri galėjo susidaryti cholelitiazės fone.Reikšminiai žodžiai: choledochoduodeninė fistulė (CDF), cholelitiazė, endoskopinė retrogradinė cholangiopankreatikografija (ERCP).Choledochoduodenal fistula: literature review and case report presentation
Choledochoduodenal fistula (CDF) is a rare nosological entity, commonly encountered as an accidental finding while exploring the upper gastrointestinal tract or during abdominal surgery. They account for 1–2% of all bilioenteric fistulas, the mostcommon etiological causes being peptic ulcer disease (proximal ones) or cholelithiasis (distal ones). For treating symptomatic cases, endoscopic procedures such as endoscopic retrogradic cholangiopancreaticography with papillosphincterotomy andstentation are applied, or the patient undergoes abdominal surgery. This article provides a short review based on this pathology, its etiological causes and treatment options. A clinical case of symptomatic distal choledochoduodenal fistula of type II(Ikeda) due to cholelithiasis is described.Keywords: choledochoduodenal fistula (CDF), cholelithiasis, endoscopic retrogradic cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP).
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN ANAK PEREMPUAN PADA MASYARAKAT BETAWI
Authors: Z.A Mahmudah Fitriyah 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The topics of education always interest to be discused. Indonesia as a developing country should be vigorous in paying attention to the problems of the children as the nation's next generation, especially in the field of education. Economic demands that are not balanced with the ease of getting education are interesting to be discussed as well. Educational facilities and infrastructure are growing rapidly. Nonetheless, there are some of our society who think that education is not important. Moreover, if education associated with women, there are plenty of our society who think that girls do not need a higher education. These phenomena are often heard in our society. The reluctance for going to school or college is a problem that has not been answered yet up to now. The story of campus life around them does not have an impact on their mindset about education. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the problem. This research is conducted by using qualitative method with observation and interview. This research is expected to gather data about the concept of education for girls on Betawi society. The innitial background of this research is that there is a presumption that the Betawi society who have a desire to work quickly but ‘lazy to school’ become interesting to be studied. In addition, they live adjacent to the campus then why their mindset remains unchanged?. Abstrak. Pembicaraan tentang pendidikan selalu menjadi hal yang menarik. Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang seharusnya gencar dalam memperhatikan persoalan anak bangsa sebagai generasi penerus bangsa khususnya dalam bidang pendidikan. Tuntutan ekonomi yang tidak seimbang dengan mudahnya mendapatkan pendidikan menjadi satu hal yang menarik. Fasilitas mencakup sarana dan prasarana pendidikan berkembang dengan pesat. Tapi, disayangkan masih ada sebagian masyarakat kita yang menganggap pendidikan bukanlah hal penting. Apalagi jika dikaitkan dengan perempuan, masih banyak masyarakat kita yang menganggap anak perempuan tidak perlu sekolah tinggi-tinggi. Apalagi sampai jenjang perguruan tinggi. Fenomena ini begitu sering terdengar di masyarakat kita. Keengganan untuk bersekolah lanjut atau ke perguruan tinggi menjadi suatu tanda tanya yang tidak pernah terjawab sampai saat ini. Hingar-bingarnya kehidupan kampus di sekitar mereka ternyata tidak berdampak pada pola pikir mereka tentang pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu melakukan pengamatan dan percakapan langsung. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengumpulkan data tentang konsep-konsep pendidikan bagi anak perempuan pada masyarakat Betawi. Dugaan awal penelitian ini adalah, masyarakat Betawi yang kecenderungan ingin cepat bekerja, tapi ‘malas sekolah’ menjadi menarik untuk diteliti, apalagi tempat tinggal mereka yang berdekatan dengan dunia kampus, mengapa pola pikir mereka tetap tidak berubah?.