bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sharing economy ideal
Authors: Bhappu Anita D. , Schultze Ulrike 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Bridging noted gaps in the sharing economy and corporate social responsibility (CSR) literatures, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how an organization-sponsored sharing platform – a new class of information technology (IT) and the sharing economy ideal – is given meaning as a CSR program for internal stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach
The research involves phone interviews conducted with site coordinators of the Zimride by Enterprise® ridesharing platform in 25 organizations.

Findings
This case study reveals that two component processes of organizational sensemaking – sensegiving and sensebreaking – are underlying micromechanisms used by organizations to enact a sponsored sharing platform as a CSR program. Qualitative analyses demonstrate that every meaning given to Zimride remained open to sensebreaking during its implementation. As such, site coordinators were continuously drawn into sensemaking about Zimride’s cognitive, linguistic and conative dimensions as a CSR program and had to exert ongoing effort to stabilize its socially (re)constructed meaning within their organization. Furthermore, site coordinators’ sensegiving narrative about Zimride was often undermined by their sensebreaking communications and organizational actions, albeit unintentionally.

Research limitations/implications
Sponsoring a sharing platform to facilitate collaborative consumption can deliver triple bottom line benefits for both organizations and their members, but it may not. The key to accruing this potential shared value lies is how site coordinators navigate organizational sensemaking about these IT-enabled CSR programs.

Originality/value
This paper provides valuable insights into these sensemaking processes and develops a prescriptive framework for enacting an organization-sponsored sharing platform as a CSR program.
Unripe banana flour (Musa cavendishii) promotes decrease in weight gain and elimination of fecal cholesterol in Wistar rats
Authors: Escobar Amanda , Rocha-Gomes Arthur , Reis Clarisse Giovana Maciel dos , Herrera Kiara Nubia Silva , Guedes Tiago de Jesus , Silva Alexandre Alves da , Lessa Mayara Rodrigues , Dessimoni-Pinto Nísia Andrade Villela , Riul Tania Regina 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the chemical composition of unripe banana flour from Southeast Brazil and verify its nutritional, physiological and biochemical properties in adult Wistar rats.Design/methodology/approachAnalysis of soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, carbohydrate, resistant and total starch and energy was obtained. In all, 18 male Wistar rats were given different concentrations of unripe banana flour (0, 10 and 20 per cent) and these assessments were performed: feed, caloric and water intake; weight gain; coefficient of food efficiency; weight of organs; body, tibia and femur length; total mineral of bones; and biochemistry of blood, hepatic fluids and feces.FindingsUnripe banana flour showed a potential for weight control as well as increased fecal cholesterol excretion. These results showed the potential of unripe banana flour for obesity treatment and lipid excretion. Nevertheless, plasma triacylglycerol levels increased in the animals that received the largest amount of banana flour (20 per cent w/w), possibly because of the large amount of resistant starch in the flour, indicating the need for additional studies to confirm the mechanisms responsible for this increase.Originality/valueUnripe banana flour may promote beneficial health effects (such as weight control and increased elimination of cholesterol in feces); however, the large amount of resistant starch present may be responsible for an increase in blood triacyglycerol.
Direct and indirect effects of invasive species: Biodiversity loss is a major mechanism by which an invasive tree affects ecosystem functioning
Authors: Linders Theo Edmund Werner , Schaffner Urs , Eschen René , Abebe Anteneh , Choge Simon Kevin , Nigatu Lisanework , Mbaabu Purity Rima , Shiferaw Hailu , Allan Eric 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGlobal change, such as exotic invasions, dramatically affects ecosystem functioning. However, the mechanisms behind the impacts are often unclear and despite extensive experimental work, we know little about the importance of biodiversity loss as a component of global change effects in real‐world ecosystems.We disentangled several mechanisms by which an exotic invader affected ecosystem functioning in East African drylands in Kenya and Ethiopia. We used structural equation modelling to separate direct effects of a woody invaderProsopis julifloraon a range of ecosystem functions from indirect effects mediated through changes in biodiversity (plant species richness) and ecosystem functioning (herbaceous biomass). We analysed effects on ecosystem functions linked to soil biogeochemical cycling and transfer of energy between trophic levels.We found that the mean size of individual indirect effects mediated by biodiversity and herbaceous biomass was about twice as large as the mean size of individual direct effects ofProsopison ecosystem functions, showing that indirect effects are an important component of the invader’s overall environmental impacts. Changes in both herbaceous biomass and biodiversity were approximately equally important as drivers of indirect effects, indicating that we need to expand our view of indirect effects to consider a wider range of mechanisms. Simple univariate models failed to capture someProsopisinvader effects because positive direct effects on soil stability and predatory invertebrates were counteracted by negative indirect effects on biodiversity or biomass loss. The majority of effects were similar in both study systems. Suggestions that woody invaders are able to increase certain ecosystem functions may therefore have arisen because these negative indirect effects were not considered.Synthesis. Our study indicates that successful management of exotic invasions is likely to require not only control of the invader but also restoration of diverse and productive herbaceous communities as they are important for many ecosystem functions. This highlights the importance of biodiversity as a driver of ecosystem functioning also in real‐world systems.
Breeding system and bird pollination of Camellia pubipetala, a narrowly endemic plant from karst regions of south China
Authors: Chai Sheng‐Feng , Chen Zong‐You , Tang Jian‐Min , Wang Man‐Lian , Zou Rong , Wei Xiao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCamellia pubipetala is an endemic and endangered species with small and isolated populations occurring only in karst regions in Guangxi of south China. To understand the reproductive biology of C. pubipetala and its possible influences upon its endangered status, its breeding system and pollination ecology were studied in the Longhushan (LHS) and Longzhao (LZ) populations of this species. The flowering duration of the C. pubipetala populations spanned from late January to early April and anthesis of a single flower usually lasted 5–7 days. This species is homogamous, and the pollen and stigma are viable throughout anthesis. Each bagged flower could secrete 141.5 μL of nectar at a sugar concentration of 25.0% during anthesis. The observed high pollen/ovule ratio, and the results of hand‐pollination experiments indicated that this species obligately outcrosses. Open pollination resulted in a significantly decreased fruit set (6.7%) and seed set (38.9%) compared to supplementary pollination treatment (23.3% and 64.7%, respectively), which is indicative of a pollen limitation in the process of pollination. The primary pollinator of C. pubipetala is the sunbird Aethopyga christinae and its visiting frequency is quite low, whereas the honeybee Apis cerana is only an occasional pollinator in wild populations. Low reproductive rates in C. pubipetala were found to be a consequence of few species of pollinators and their low visiting frequency. Pollen limitation may be a crucial factor that contributes to the endangered nature of this species. Artificial pollination and the release of pollinators are effective ways to increase the fruit and seed yield of this species.
Oblique views of chest radiography from a designed rotation angle recommendation increase the contrast ratio between obscured lesions and surrounding structures
Authors: Lin Hui‐Chen , Huang Chung‐Yao , Huang Wei‐Ming , Jhou Zong‐Yi , Chen Chia‐Hung , Chien Yu‐Chan , Huang Chun‐Chao 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundChest radiography (CXR) is the main tool used to detect pulmonary nodules. Lateral views of CXR are less effective and the aim of our study was to develop a rotation angle recommendation model to obtain the best oblique CXR with significantly increased contrast between lesions and surrounding normal structures in order to enhance the detection rate for potential obscured lesions on traditional posterior and anterior (PA) CXR.MethodsA total of 140 subjects receiving low‐dose lung computed tomography (CT) screening were enrolled from the health check‐up database. An additional 14 cases with lung lesions on chest CT were included. Demography was also reviewed. Gross, left and right cardiothoracic ratios (CTR) were measured. All CT images were transformed to CXR to detect the best rotation angles and produce different views of CXR. Contrast ratio was calculated in the transformed CXR from CT with lesions. Comparison of contrast ratio among oblique, posterior‐anterior and lateral views was performed.ResultsCXR shows smaller gross CTR and left CTR but larger heart width and thoracic width in men than in women. Correlation evaluation displays gross CTR, heart width and left CTR are positively correlated with age only for the women group. The most important factor for the best rotation angle is right CTR for left rotation angle and left CTR for right rotation angle. The contrast ratio of the lesion to surrounding structures is significantly better on the oblique views in the designed angles than that on the traditional views.ConclusionCXR oblique views in the assigned angle from the 10‐degree rotation angle recommendation are able to enhance contrast ratio between the possible obscured lesions and surrounding structures on CXR.
Analysing the dynamics and relative influence of variables affecting ecosystem responses using functional PCA and boosted regression trees: A seagrass case study
Authors: Wu Paul Pao‐Yen , Mengersen Kerrie , Caley M. Julian , McMahon Kathryn , Rasheed Michael A. , Kendrick Gary A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Understanding the relative influence of variables on ecosystem responses and the dynamics of their effect is necessary for effective ecosystem monitoring and management. Also known as causal pathways analysis, we develop an approach using functional Principal Components Analysis (fPCA) and machine learning within a scenario analysis framework.

fPCA is used to identify most influential variables for correlated, non‐homogenoeus and nonlinear time series data characteristic of complex ecosystems. Hierarchical clustering of fPCA scores reveals groups of more homogeneous scenarios and similarly influential variables. The resultant subset of variables helps to overcome model identifiability problems when analysing time‐lagged effects using Boosted Regression Trees (BRT).

We use simulated data generated by a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) of ecological windows for seagrass ecosystems given dredging stressors; 3,024 scenarios with 75 state variables are analysed. The BRT demonstrated a high level of fit (), supporting the validity of influential variables identified by fPCA. Influential variables identified included genus, location type, light, growth and seed. Six consecutive months of positive growth and adequate light were important for predicting states of high or moderate population.

Compared to traditional scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis approaches, our approach simultaneously enabled capture of n‐way interactions while accounting for time correlations. Although some variables and their dynamics agreed with existing knowledge, new variables and/or time lags of their effects were identified, corresponding to opportunities for further investigation as well as informing monitoring and management. Although we demonstrate our method on state variables with DBN simulated data, it is equally applicable to general time series data.
Who monitors opaque borrowers? Debt specialisation, institutional ownership, and information opacity
Authors: Platikanova Petya , Soonawalla Kazbi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, we suggest that the level of information opaqueness determines the propensity of publicly listed firms to have debt financing from only a few debt types (i.e., debt specialisation). Using accruals quality as a proxy for information opaqueness, we find that the degree of debt specialisation is lower for firms with high‐quality accruals. This result is consistent with the notion that information collection and monitoring costs are higher for firms that have higher informational opacity, explaining the tendency towards debt specialisation. We further argue that creditors need not monitor borrowers so closely when they are monitored by institutional owners. The empirical findings support this argument and show that firms with more stable institutional ownership are likely to have less specialised debt types. The empirical evidence is also consistent with the expectation that stable institutional ownership is likely to reduce the demand for monitoring over accruals management. Using S&P 500 membership as an exogenous event driving institutional ownership changes, we further document that debt specialisation is decreasing in accruals quality when institutional investors are expected to have an influence.
Adding quality to quantity in randomized controlled trials of addiction prevention and treatment: a new framework to facilitate the integration of qualitative research
Authors: Maher Lisa , Neale Joanne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) are important for evaluating interventions, and qualitative research is increasingly recognized as being crucial to the success of this enterprise. We aimed to describe and demonstrate a temporal parallel purpose framework to help researchers understand how to make optimum use of qualitative research before, during and after RCTs. This framework sets out specific rationales for conducting qualitative research at each stage of a trial, where the rationales presented relate to both the intervention and evaluation methodology.Method and resultsWe conducted a scoping review of published qualitative studies undertaken alongside RCTs focusing on illicit drug use. We then used the temporal parallel purpose framework to present key findings to demonstrate how qualitative studies can add value to addiction RCTs by enhancing understanding of the intervention being trialled and/or the RCT itself. In so doing, we highlight the missed opportunities for addiction science when qualitative research is overlooked. We also explain why barriers to combining qualitative research and RCTs are neither inevitable nor insurmountable.ConclusionsThe temporal parallel purpose framework provides a tool for assessing when and why to combine qualitative research with addiction treatment and prevention RCTs. Our paper and framework can help researchers formulate key questions that qualitative research can address. This can potentially save resources by reducing the number of poorly designed interventions and trials and prevent morbidity, mortality, and other addiction‐related harms by facilitating the identification and implementation of interventions that are most likely to be effective.
Therapist and computer‐based brief interventions for drug use within a randomized controlled trial: effects on parallel trajectories of alcohol use, cannabis use and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Drislane Laura E. , Waller Rebecca , Martz Meghan E. , Bonar Erin E. , Walton Maureen A. , Chermack Stephen T. , Blow Frederic C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsDespite their high comorbidity, the effects of brief interventions (BI) to reduce cannabis use, alcohol use and anxiety symptoms have received little empirical attention. The aims of this study were to examine whether a therapist‐delivered BI (TBI) or computer‐guided BI (CBI) to address drug use, alcohol consumption (when relevant) and HIV risk behaviors, relative to enhanced usual care (EUC), was associated with reductions in parallel trajectories of alcohol use, cannabis use and anxiety symptoms, and whether demographic characteristics moderated reductions over time.DesignLatent growth curve modeling was used to examine joint trajectories of alcohol use, cannabis use and anxiety symptoms assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months after baseline enrollment.SettingHurley Medical Center Emergency Department (ED) in Flint, MI, USA.ParticipantsThe sample was 780 drug‐using adults (aged 18–60 years; 44% male; 52% black) randomly assigned to receive either a TBI, CBI or EUC through the HealthiER You study.Interventions and comparatorED‐delivered TBI and CBIs involved touchscreen‐delivered and audio‐assisted content. The TBI was administered by a Master's‐level therapist, whereas the CBI was self‐administered using a virtual health counselor. EUC included a review of health resources brochures in the ED.MeasurementsAssessments of alcohol use (10‐item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), cannabis use (past 30‐day frequency) and anxiety symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory‐18) occurred at baseline and 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up.FindingsTBI, relative to EUC, was associated with significant reductions in cannabis use [B = –0.49, standard error (SE) = 0.20, P < 0.05) and anxiety (B = –0.04, SE = 0.02, P < 0.05), but no main effect for alcohol use. Two of 18 moderation tests were significant: TBI significantly reduced alcohol use among males (B = –0.60, SE = 0.19, P < 0.01) and patients aged 18–25 years in the TBI condition showed significantly greater reductions in cannabis use relative to older patients (B = –0.78, SE = 0.31, P < 0.05). Results for CBI were non‐significant.ConclusionsEmergency department‐based therapist‐delivered brief interventions to address drug use, alcohol consumption (when relevant) and HIV risk behaviors may also reduce alcohol use, cannabis use and anxiety over time, accounting for the overlap of these processes.
Estimation of appendicular skeletal muscle: Development and validation of anthropometric prediction equations in Chinese patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Wu Peng , Chen Li , Jin Jianfeng , Zhang Yiou , Su Chenxian , Wu Congcong , Lang Junzhe , Chen Lei , Jin Keke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop anthropometric prediction equations for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) in Chinese knee osteoarthritis patients.MethodsSubjects were divided into the model development group (MD group: 104 cases, 47 men and 57 women) and cross‐validation group (CV group: 69 cases, 38 men and 31 women). Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were undertaken in the MD group to identify the best equations. Agreement between the estimated ASM and ASM measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was tested in the CV group.ResultsTwo models were developed in the MD group. Validation in the CV group showed that our models (R2 = 0.83 and R2 = 0.90) had a high coefficient of determination. The mean bias of ASM estimated by the two models from the ASM measured by DXA in the CV group showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).ConclusionThese models could be useful for older Chinese patients with knee osteoarthritis to estimate ASM.
Killing Us Slowly: Pre‐Empting Suicide at a Women’s Hostel in Chennai
Authors: Krishnan Sneha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper draws on ethnographic research in Chennai to unpack the pre‐emptive logic that shapes anti‐suicide interventions at hostels—dormitories—for college‐going women in this city. Its central contention is that a concern for the production of a presumed future becomes, in hostels, a governmental technology that is used to limit young women’s lifeworlds in the present. These regimes of intervention reinforce the unliveability of attachments, intimacies and affects that popular discourse and scaled‐up demographic narrative associate with the potential for suicide. Building from this, the paper also shows that such regimes engender feelings of suffocation and attrition among the young women who live in hostels. “Being slowly killed”, as they call it, draws attention to suicide not as a spectacular event but as a site where the terms of everyday life are remade.
A linkage and exome study implicates rare variants of KANK4 and CAP2 in bipolar disorder in a multiplex family
Authors: Anjanappa Ram M. , Nayak Sourav , Moily Nagaraj S. , Manduva Vallikiran , Nadella Ravi K. , Viswanath Biju , Reddy Yemmiganur C. J. , Jain Sanjeev , Anand Anuranjan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesBipolar disorder (BD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with a complex pattern of inheritance. Although many genetic studies have been conducted on BD, its genetic correlates remain uncertain. This study was aimed at identifying the genetic underpinnings of the disorder in an Indian family, which has been under comprehensive clinical evaluation and follow‐up for over 12 years.MethodsWe analysed a four‐generation family with several of its members diagnosed for BD employing a combination of genetic linkage and exome analysis.ResultsWe obtained suggestive LOD score for a chromosome 1 and a chromosome 6 marker (D1S410; LOD = 3.01, Ө = 0; and D6S289; LOD = 1.58, Ө = 0). Manual haplotyping of the regions encompassing these two markers helped delimit a critical genomic interval of 32.44 Mb (D1S2700‐D1S435; chromosome 1p31.1‐13.2) and another of 10.34 Mb (D6S470‐D6S422; chromosome 6p22.3‐22.2). We examined the exomic sequences corresponding to these two intervals and found rare variants, NM_181712.4: c.2461G>T (p.Asp821Tyr) in KANK4 at 1p31.1‐13.2; and NM_006366:c.‐93G>A, in the 5' UTR of CAP2 at 6p22.3‐22.2.ConclusionsOur studysuggests involvement of KANK4 or CAP2 or both in BD in this family. Further analysis of these two genes in BD patients and functional evaluation of the allelic variants identified are suggested.
Learning From Others: The Effects of Agency on Event Memory in Young Children
Authors: Howard Lauren H. , Riggins Tracy , Woodward Amanda L. 
Published: August 2019

Little is known about the influence of social context on children's event memory. Across four studies, we examined whether learning that could occur in the absence of a person was more robust when a person was present. Three‐year‐old children (N = 125) viewed sequential events that either included or excluded an acting agent. In Experiment 1, children who viewed an agent recalled more than children who did not. Experiments 2a and 2b utilized an eye tracker to demonstrate this effect was not due to differences in attention. Experiment 3 used a combined behavioral and event‐related potential paradigm to show that condition effects were present in memory‐related components. These converging results indicate a particular role for social knowledge in supporting memory for events.