bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical aspects of the three major genetic forms of long QT syndrome (LQT1, LQT2, LQT3)
Authors: Kutyifa Valentina , Daimee Usama A. , McNitt Scott , Polonsky Bronislava , Lowenstein Charles , Cutter Kris , Lopes Coeli , Zareba Wojciech , Moss Arthur J. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundA comprehensive report on the clinical course of the three major genotypes of the long QT syndrome (LQTS) in a large U.S. patient cohort is lacking.MethodsOur study consisted of 1,923 U.S. subjects from the Rochester‐based LQTS Registry with genotype‐positive LQT1 (n = 879), LQT2 (n = 807), and LQT3 (n = 237). We evaluated the risk of a first cardiac event (syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, or sudden cardiac death, whichever occurred first) from birth through age 50 years. Cox proportional hazards regression models incorporating clinical covariates were used to assess genotype‐specific risk of cardiac events.ResultsFor all three genotypes, the cumulative probability of a first cardiac event increased most markedly during adolescence. Multivariate analysis identified proband status and QTc > 500 ms as predictors of cardiac events in all three genotypes, and males <14 years and females >14 years as predictors of cardiac events in LQT1 and LQT2 only. Beta‐blockers significantly reduced the risk of cardiac events in LQT1 (HR: 0.49, p = .002) and LQT2 patients (HR: 0.48, p = .001). A trend toward beta‐blocker benefit in reducing cardiac events was found in LQT3 females (HR: 0.32, p = .078), but not in LQT3 males (HR: 1.37, p = .611).ConclusionRisk factors and outcomes in LQTS patients varied by genotype. In all three genotypes, proband status and prolonged QTc were risk factors for cardiac events. Younger males and older females experienced increased risk in LQT1 and LQT2 only. Beta‐blockers were most effective in reducing cardiac events in LQT1 and LQT2, with a potential benefit in LQT3 females.
Imagination and the Poetics of Being and Becoming an Other in Amazonia
Authors: Whitaker James Andrew 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis essay considers the role of the imagination in the envisioning and poetic construction of future being and becoming in Amazonia. Poetic construction is the process whereby the assembled forms that emerge from the imagination are brought out into the world of the senses. Imaginative envisioning and poetic construction are the means by which diverse ontologies of humans, animals, and spirits are articulated into particular visions of future transformation that posit a becoming from humanity to otherness in Amazonia. This essay seeks to elucidate the conscious processes through which cosmological ideas are imaginatively envisioned and poetically constructed by Amazonian societies as visions of future transformation and becoming from human to nonhuman being.
Outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Crohn's disease patients: an initial Australian experience
Authors: Honoré Matthew , McLeod Garth , Hopkins George 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundCrohn's disease (CD) in association with obesity is becoming an increasing issue in Australia and worldwide. This report looks at outcomes for patients with CD undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of our database of patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy from 2007 to 2016. Patients with concurrent CD were included.ResultsEight patients with CD underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with a mean preoperative body mass index of 43.8. There were no identified intraoperative or post‐operative complications. The mean excess weight loss was 55.7% and 56.5% at 6 months and 1 year, respectively.ConclusionLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy can be achieved in CD patients. No complications and effective weight loss was observed in the eight reported patients.
A randomised cross‐over study showed no difference in diaphragm activity during weaning from respiratory support
Authors: Brenne Hilde , Grunewaldt Kristine Hermansen , Follestad Turid , Bergseng Håkon 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimWe measured electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) to compare the breathing effort in preterm infants during weaning from respiratory support with high‐flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) or nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).MethodsThis randomised cross‐over study was carried out at St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, from December 2013 to June 2015. We gave 21 preterm infants weighing at least 1000 g HFNC 6 L/minute for four hours and nCPAP 3 cmH2O for four hours with a one‐hour wash‐out period. Measurements included diaphragmatic load, Edi, vital signs and a modified Silverman‐Andersen Retraction Score.ResultsWe found no differences in HFNC and nCPAP in the median Edi peak (8.0 μV versus 7.8 μV, p = 0.095), median Edi min (1.1 μV versus 1.2 μV in, p = 0.958) or mean heart rate (157 versus 159, p = 0.300) in the 21 infants who took part. The mean respiratory rate was significantly lower during HFNC than nCPAP (47 versus 52, p = 0.012). The modified Silverman‐Andersen Retraction Score showed no significant differences.ConclusionThis study of preterm infants found no difference in the breathing effort measured by Edi between HFNC 6 L/minute and nCPAP 3 cmH2O. HFNC could replace nCPAP when preterm infants are ready for weaning.
One‐third of children with lactose intolerance managed to achieve a regular diet at the three‐year follow‐up point
Authors: Yerushalmy‐Feler Anat , Soback Hagai , Lubetzky Ronit , Ben‐Tov Amir , Dali‐Levy Margalit , Galai Tut , Cohen Shlomi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThis study described outcomes following treatment for lactose intolerance, which is common in children.MethodsThe medical records of children aged 6–18 years who underwent lactose hydrogen breath testing at Dana‐Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel, from August 2012 to August 2014 were analysed. We compared 154 children with gastrointestinal symptoms and positive lactose hydrogen breath tests to 49 children with negative test results.ResultsOf the 154 children in the study group, 89 (57.8%) were advised to follow a lactose‐restricted diet, 32 (20.8%) were advised to avoid lactose completely, 18 (11.7%) were instructed to use substitute enzymes, and 15 (9.7%) did not receive specific recommendations. Only 11 patients (7.1%) received recommendations to add calcium‐rich foods or calcium supplements to their diet. Lactose reintroduction was attempted in 119 of 154 patients (77.3%), and 65 of 154 (42.2%) experienced clinical relapses. At the final follow‐up of 3.3 years, 62.3% of the study children were still observing a restricted diet. Older children and those who were symptomatic during lactose hydrogen breath testing were more likely to be on a prolonged restricted diet.ConclusionOur long‐term follow‐up of lactose‐intolerant children showed that only a third were able to achieve a regular diet.
Finnish‐born children of immigrants are more likely to be diagnosed with developmental disorders related to speech and language, academic skills and coordination
Authors: Lehti Venla , Gyllenberg David , Suominen Auli , Sourander Andre 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimWe examined the association between having at least one parent born abroad and being diagnosed with a developmental disorder related to speech and language, academic skills or coordination.MethodsThis nested case–control study was based on Finnish population records for 1996–2007. Cases from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register were diagnosed with developmental disorders of speech and language, academic skills and coordination by the end of 2012. We identified 28 192 cases and 106 616 matched controls.ResultsChildren were more likely to be diagnosed with developmental disorders if they had an immigrant mother than children with two Finnish‐born parents, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.3 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 1.2–1.4, an immigrant father (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3) or two immigrant parents (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.6). The level of development of the parental country of origin was not associated with receiving a diagnosis.ConclusionChildren of immigrant parents were more likely to be diagnosed with developmental disorders and the association was strongest with regard to speech and language disorders. There were similar adjusted odds ratios for mothers, fathers and both parents. The development level of the country of origin was irrelevant.
The adverse effects of interferon‐free regimens in 149 816 chronic hepatitis C treated Egyptian patients
Authors: Attia D. , El Saeed K. , Elakel W. , El Baz T. , Omar A. , Yosry A. , Elsayed M. H. , Said M. , El Raziky M. , Anees M. , Doss W. , El Shazly Y. , Wedemeyer H. , Esmat G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundInterferon‐free regimens are associated with high sustained virological response; however, associated adverse effects have yet to be fully reported.AimTo evaluate the adverse effects associated with the different direct‐acting antiviral drug (DAA) regimens in Egyptian patients.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective study included all adverse effects during and after treatment with DAA regimens of 149 816 chronic hepatitis C treated Egyptian patients. Patients received sofosbuvir (SOF)/ribavirin (RBV) (n = 21 835), SOF/simeprevir (n = 24 215) SOF/daclatasvir (DCV) (n = 58 477), SOF/DCV/RBV (n = 45 188) and paritaprevir/ombitasvir/ritonavir/RBV (n = 101). The duration of treatment varied between 12 and 24 weeks. All changes in the treatment regimens, discontinuation, mortality, and serious side effects were reported.ResultsAdverse effects developed in 2475 (1.7%) (mean age [54 ± 9], male gender [53%]) patients. Serious side effects developed in 68% of these patients, and SOF/RBV was the most common causing regimen (73%, P < 0.001). Anaemia and hyperbilirubinemia were the most common side effects (731/149816, 0.5% and 463/149816, 0.3%, respectively) and SOF/RBV (588/21835, 3% and 353/21835, 1.6%, respectively) showed the highest incidence in the treated patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality were reported in 0.02% and 0.06% of all treated patients, respectively. Patients with liver cirrhosis showed higher incidence of serious side effects (Log rank P = 0.045) and mortality (Log rank P = 0.025) than patients without liver cirrhosis. Male gender (P = 0.012), lower haemoglobin (P < 0.001), platelets (P < 0.001) and albumin (P = 0.001), higher bilirubin (P = 0.002) and cirrhosis (P < 0.001) were factors associated with serious side effects development.ConclusionAdverse effects associated with DAAs are few, anaemia being the most common. SOF/RBV regimen showed the highest rate of side effects while SOF/DCV showed the least.
Transcranial Doppler velocity among Jamaican children with sickle cell anaemia: determining the significance of haematological values and nutrition
Authors: Rankine‐Mullings Angela E. , Morrison‐Levy Nadine , Soares Deanne , Aldred Karen , King Lesley , Ali Susanna , Knight‐Madden Jennifer M. , Wisdom‐Phipps Margaret , Adams Robert J. , Ware Russell E. , Reid Marvin 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study investigated the association of nutritional and haematological variables with maximum time‐averaged mean velocity (TAMV) measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocity and the agreement of classification between two protocols. TCD categories included: normal (<170 cm/s), conditional (170–199 cm/s) and abnormal (≥200 cm/s) based on TAMV in distal internal carotid artery (dICA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), internal carotid bifurcation, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries. Of 358 children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) examined, the mean age (±standard deviation) was 7·4 ± 2·7 years; 13·1% and 6·7% had conditional and abnormal velocities, respectively. Children with abnormal TCD velocities had higher prevalence of prior stroke (P = 0·006). Increased TAMV was associated with younger age (P = 0·001), lower weight (P = 0·001), height (P = 0·007) and oxygen saturation (P = 0·005). There was no association of TAMV with height‐age or body mass index (BMI) z‐scores. Adjusting for gender, BMI z‐score, age, previous stroke and oxygen saturation, mean corpuscular volume (P = 0·005) and reticulocyte count (P = 0·013) were positively associated with TAMV, while haemoglobin concentration (P = 0·009) was negatively associated. There was good agreement [99%; weighted Kappa 0·98 (95% confidence interval 0·89–1), P = 0·0001] in TCD classification using data from five vessels versus two vessels (dICA and MCA). Haematological variables, rather than nutritional status, may be useful markers that identify high‐risk children with SCA.
Autoimmune diseases, infections, use of antibiotics and the risk of acute myeloid leukaemia: a national population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Østgård Lene S. G. , Nørgaard Mette , Pedersen Lars , Østgård René D. , Medeiros Bruno C. , Overgaard Ulrik M. , Schöllkopf Claudia , Severinsen Marianne , Marcher Claus W. , Jensen Morten K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPrevious studies reported increased risk of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in individuals with inflammatory conditions. However, it is unclear whether this association is explained by preceding cytotoxic therapy or haematological diseases. We conducted a nationwide case‐control study that included 3053 AML patients, diagnosed in Denmark between 2000 and 2013, and 30 530 sex‐ and age‐matched population controls. We retrieved information on autoimmune disease, infections, and use of antibiotics and computed odds ratios for AML (conditional logistic regression). Results were stratified by AML type, sex, and age. Autoimmune diseases were associated with an overall increased risk of AML {odds ratio [OR] 1·3 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·1–1·5]}. However, the risk was confined to patients with previous haematological disease or cytotoxic therapy exposure [secondary/therapy‐related AML (sAML/tAML0) OR 2·0 (95% CI = 1·6–2·6)] and not de novo AML [OR 1·1 (95% CI = 0·9–1·3)]. Similarly, any prior infection requiring hospitalization was associated with a higher risk of AML [OR 1·3 (95% CI = 1·1–1·4)]. Again, this association was evident for sAML/tAML [OR 1·8 (95% CI = 1·5–2·2)], and not de novo AML [OR 1·1 (95% CI = 1·0–1·2)]. In conclusion, autoimmune diseases and infections were associated with an increased AML risk only in subjects with prior haematological disease and/or cytotoxic treatment. These observations suggest, that inflammation plays – if any – a minor role for the development of de novo AML.
A Primordial Attachment to the Nation? French and Irish Workers and Trade Unions in Past EU Referendum Debates
Authors: Béthoux Élodie , Erne Roland , Golden Darragh 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe aim to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics that are driving EU politicization and the rising Euroscepticism of workers and unions in the public sphere. One explanation frames the rise in Euroscepticism in cultural terms, emphasizing workers’ alleged primordial attachment to their nation. A second uses socioeconomic frames, linking growing Euroscepticism to the increasingly neo‐liberal direction of the EU. The weight of these competing frames in the referendum campaigns on the EU Constitution in France and the Lisbon Treaty and the Fiscal Treaty in Ireland cannot be measured easily, as the categorization of a phrase as socioeconomic or cultural is in itself subject to political classification struggles. We therefore presents the findings of an inductive lexical analysis of all Irish Times, all Le Monde and all worker‐ or union‐related articles published in almost all national media outlets during the mentioned referendum debates. This was made possible by the Alceste software package that allowed us to analyse very large corpuses of articles inductively. Our analysis reveals that socioeconomic terms dominated policy debates in both countries. The findings question existing EU politicization studies that were measuring the salience of different frame types by deductive analysis.
Thyroid autoantibodies in pregnancy are associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Han Yan , Mao Lei‐jing , Ge Xing , Huang Kun , Yan Shuang‐qin , Ren Ling‐ling , Hong Shu‐qing , Gao Hui , Sheng Jie , Xu Yuan‐yuan , Pan Wei‐jun , Zhu Peng , Hao Jia‐hu , Zhu De‐fa , Tao Fang‐biao 
Published: March 2018

SummaryObjectiveHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have been associated with adverse health outcomes for both mothers and children. Previous studies examining associations of maternal thyroid autoantibodies with HDP indicate conflicting results. The objective of this study was to examine associations of maternal thyroid autoantibody positivity in the first and the second trimesters with the risk of HDP.Design, Participants and MeasurementsIn the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort study, a population‐based prospective study in China, a total of 3474 pregnant women were enrolled between May 2013 and September 2014. Thyroid autoantibodies, including antithyroperoxidase autoantibody (TPOAb) and antithyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAb), as well as thyroid function tests, were measured in both the first and the second trimesters in 2893 pregnant women. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the associations between thyroid autoantibodies and HDP.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analyses showed that TPOAb positivity in the first trimester was associated with a 1.80 (95% CI = 1.17‐2.78) increased odds of HDP after adjustment for confounders, which was mainly due to an increased risk of gestational hypertension (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.17‐3.18). In addition, TgAb positivity in the first trimester was associated with a higher risk of HDP (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.16‐2.73) after adjustment for confounders, which was mainly due to an increased risk of gestational hypertension (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.15‐3.11). These associations were also seen among euthyroid women. Women with positive TPOAb in the second trimester seemed to have a higher risk of gestational hypertension (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.02‐3.43) after adjustment for confounders. However, among euthyroid women, TPOAb positivity in the second trimester was not associated with HDP. The TgAb status in the second trimester was not associated with HDP.ConclusionsOur results show that TPOAb positivity and TgAb positivity in the first trimester are associated with an increased risk of HDP. These data demonstrate that these associations are even seen among euthyroid women.
Consumers’ Valuation of Rice‐Grade Labeling
Authors: Choi Young Woon , Lee Ji Yong , Han Doo Bong , Nayga Rodolfo M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe current Korean rice‐grading system has a “no test” option that allows rice to not be graded in the market. This study examines Korean consumers’ valuation of a rice‐grading system without the “no test” option. We apply a nonhypothetical experimental auction to elicit consumers’ willingness to pay for each rice grade and identify the impact of the provision of additional grading information on product valuation. We then use contingent and inferred valuations to obtain consumers’ valuation of a mandatory rice‐grading system without the “no test” option. We find that Korean consumers are willing to pay an additional premium for each rice grade and that rice‐grading information is the most important factor that differentiates the rice products. Rice consumers in Korea also strongly prefer a mandatory rice‐grading system without the “no test” option.
SupAUTH: A new approach to supply chain authentication for the IoT
Authors: Mamun Mohammad Saiful Islam , Ghorbani Ali A. , Miyaji Atsuko , Nguyen Uyen Trang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent advances of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have enhanced the use of radio‐frequency identification‐based tracking system to be widely deployed in supply chain management covering every step involved in the flow of merchandise from the supplier to the customer to ensure a trustworthy delivery environment. Such authentication system (also known as path authentication) not only guarantees the merchandise to be available in the right destination with no discrepancies and errors but also ensures the route of the merchandise progress to be valid. This paper outlines the current state‐of‐the‐art cryptographic solutions for path authentication, highlights their properties and weakness, and proposes a novel, privacy‐preserving, and efficient solution. Compared with the existing elliptic curve ElGamal re‐encryption–based solution, our homomorphic message authentication code on arithmetic circuit–based solution offers less memory storage (with limited scalability) and no computational requirement on the reader. Moreover, we allow computational ability inside the tag that articulates a new privacy direction to the state‐of‐the‐art path privacy. This privacy notion helps support the confidentiality of the tag movement in the context of IoT‐enabled cross‐organizational tracking environment where the stakeholders can be from different organizations associated together with the merchandise being delivered. As a potential extension to the path authentication protocol, we further propose a polynomial‐based mutual authentication as a security extension and batch initialization as an efficiency extension. Besides our brief security and privacy analysis, our evaluation shows that the proposed solution can significantly reduce memory requirements on tags with marginal computational overhead to ensure transmission path confidentiality. We observe that SupAUTH requires maximum 513‐bit tag memory and 57.3 ms of processing time during evaluation, which is not only practical but also suitable for any suitable low‐cost radio‐frequency identification deployment in IoT.
The impact of cohort substance use upon likelihood of transitioning through stages of alcohol and cannabis use and use disorder: Findings from the Australian National Survey on Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Degenhardt Louisa , Glantz Meyer , Bharat Chrianna , Peacock Amy , Lago Luise , Sampson Nancy , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsWe used population‐level Australian data to estimate prevalence, age of onset and speed of transitions across stages of alcohol and cannabis use, abuse and dependence, and remission from disorder, and consider the potential impacts that an individual's age cohort's level of substance use predicted transitions into and out of substance use.Design and MethodsData on use, DSM‐IV use disorders, and remission from these disorders were collected from participants (n = 8463) in the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.ResultsLifetime prevalence (95% confidence interval) of alcohol use, regular use, abuse and dependence were 94.1% (93.3–94.8%), 64.5% (62.9–66.2%), 18.7% (17.4–19.9%) and 4.0% (3.4–4.6%). Lifetime prevalence of cannabis use, abuse and dependence were 19.8% (18.6–20.9%), 4.4% (3.8–5.0%) and 1.9% (1.5–2.4%). Among those with the disorder, rates of remission from cannabis abuse, alcohol abuse, cannabis dependence and alcohol dependence were 90.5% (87.4–93.6%), 86.2% (83.8–88.7%), 79.6% (71.1–88.1%) and 53.8% (46.6–61.0%). Increases in the estimated proportion of people in the respondent's age cohort who used alcohol/cannabis as of a given age were significantly associated with most transitions from use through to remission beginning at the same age.Discussion and ConclusionsClear associations were documented between cohort‐level prevalence of substance use and personal risk of subsequent transitions of individuals in the cohort from use to greater substance involvement. This relationship remained significant over and above associations involving the individual's age of initiation. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the causal pathways into and out of problematic substance use.