bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White dwarf–black hole binary progenitors of low-redshift gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Lloyd-Ronning Nicole M , Johnson Jarrett , Upton Sanderbeck Phoebe , Silva Makana , Cheng Roseanne M 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Although there is strong evidence that many long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) are associated with the collapse of a massive star, tantalizing results in recent years have upended the direct association of all LGRBs with massive stars. In particular, kilonova signals in some LGRB light curves as well as a suggested uptick in the rate density of LGRBs at low redshifts (deviating significantly from the star formation rate) suggest that compact object mergers may be a non-negligible fraction of the LGRB population. Here, we investigate the contribution of white dwarf–black hole mergers to the LGRB population. We present evidence for the deviation of the LGRB rate density from the star formation rate at low redshifts, and provide analytic and numerical arguments for why a white dwarf–black hole merger system may be a viable progenitor to explain this deviation. We show the range of parameter space in which the durations, energetics, and rates of these systems can account for a significant subpopulation of low-redshift LGRBs.
Testing Bayesian inference of GRMHD model parameters from VLBI data
Authors: Yfantis A I , Zhao S , Gold R , Mościbrodzka M , Broderick A E 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Recent observations by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) of supermassive black holes M87* and Sgr A* offer valuable insights into their space–time properties and astrophysical conditions. Utilizing a library of model images ($\sim 2$ million for Sgr A*) generated from general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, limited and coarse insights on key parameters such as black hole spin, magnetic flux, inclination angle, and electron temperature were gained. The image orientation and black hole mass estimates were obtained via a scoring and an approximate rescaling procedure. Lifting such approximations, probing the space of parameters continuously, and extending the parameter space of theoretical models is both desirable and computationally prohibitive with existing methods. To address this, we introduce a new Bayesian scheme that adaptively explores the parameter space of ray-traced, GRMHD models. The general relativistic radiative transfer code IPOLE is integrated with the EHT parameter estimation tool THEMIS. The pipeline produces a ray-traced model image from GRMHD data, computes predictions for very long baseline interferometric (VLBI) observables from the image for a specific VLBI array configuration and compares to data, thereby sampling the likelihood surface via a Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme. At this stage we focus on four parameters: accretion rate, electron thermodynamics, inclination, and source position angle. Our scheme faithfully recovers parameters from simulated VLBI data and accommodates time-variability via an inflated error budget. We highlight the impact of intrinsic variability on model fitting approaches. This work facilitates more informed inferences from GRMHD simulations and enables expansion of the model parameter space in a statistically robust and computationally efficient manner.
On the possible core shift break in relativistic jets
Authors: Nokhrina E E 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Measurement of a jet geometry transition region is an important instrument of assessing the jet ambient medium properties, plasma bulk motion acceleration, parameters of a black hole, and location of a jet-launching radius. In this work, we explore the possibility of a presence of a core shift break, associated with the geometry and jet physical properties transition. We obtain the relations on the core shift offset jump due to a change in a core shift exponent. The condition of a proper frame magnetic field continuity and the core shift break can be used as an instrument to refine the magnetic field estimates upstream the break. This method is applied to the jet in NGC 315. We also argue that a local change in the plasma properties in the jet, for example due to the occurrence of a standing shock or a magnetic field reconnection, will also affect the dependence of the core shift on frequency. The properties of such a jump will be different than in the previous case. We propose to use the multifrequency core shift measurements to increase the number of sources with a detected jet shape break and to boost the accuracy of assessing the properties of a jet geometry transition region.
The Bayesian Phylogenetic Bootstrap and its Application to Short Trees and Branches
Authors: Lemoine Frédéric , Gascuel Olivier 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Felsenstein's bootstrap is the most commonly used method to measure branch support in phylogenetics. Current sequencing technologies can result in massive sampling of taxa (e.g. SARS-CoV-2). In this case, the sequences are very similar, the trees are short, and the branches correspond to a small number of mutations (possibly 0). Nevertheless, these trees contain a strong signal, with unresolved parts but a low rate of false branches. With such data, Felsenstein's bootstrap is not satisfactory. Due to the frequentist nature of bootstrap sampling, the expected support of a branch corresponding to a single mutation is ∼63%, even though it is highly likely to be correct. Here, we propose a Bayesian version of the phylogenetic bootstrap in which sites are assigned uninformative prior probabilities. The branch support can then be interpreted as a posterior probability. We do not view the alignment as a small subsample of a large sample of sites, but rather as containing all available information (e.g. as with complete viral genomes, which are becoming routine). We give formulas for expected supports under the assumption of perfect phylogeny, in both the frequentist and Bayesian frameworks, where a branch corresponding to a single mutation now has an expected support of ∼90%. Simulations show that these theoretical results are robust to realistic data. Analyses on low-homoplasy viral and nonviral datasets show that Bayesian bootstrap support is easier to interpret, with high supports for branches very likely to be correct. As homoplasy increases, the two supports become closer and strongly correlated.
Cellular targets of cytotoxic copper phenanthroline complexes: a multimodal imaging quantitative approach in single PC3 cells
Authors: Pinheiro Teresa , Alves Luís C , Matos António P , Correia Isabel , Costa Pessoa João , Marques Fernanda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Metal complexes are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional platinum-based cancer treatments, offering reduced side effects. However, understanding their cellular uptake and distribution and quantifying their presence at the single cell level remains challenging. Advanced imaging techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence, and energetic ion beam-based nuclear microscopy (scanning transmission ion microscopy, particle-induced X-ray emission, elastic backscattering spectrometry), allow detailed high-resolution visualization of structure and morphology, high sensitivity for elemental detection with quantification within single cells, and the construction of 3D models of metal distribution, positioning them as powerful tools for assessing the cellular uptake and compartmentalization of complexes. Three Cu(II) complexes [Cu(phen)2(H2O)](NO3)2 (1), [Cu(Me2phen)2(NO3)]NO3 (2) and [Cu(amphen)2(H2O)](NO3)2 (3), (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, Me2phen = 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phen, amphen = 5-amino-phen) were investigated for Cu uptake and distribution in PC3 prostate cancer cells. All complexes show significant Cu uptake regardless of media concentration. Cu concentrations in the cytoplasm and nucleus are similar between treatments. Complexes 1 and 3 concentrate Cu in the nuclear region and show a vesicle-like pattern around the nucleus, while 2 shows a dispersed cytoplasmic pattern with large vesicles. The 3D models confirm that Cu is not retained at the plasma membrane, with complex 1 targeting the nucleus and 2 remaining in the cytoplasm. These results highlight the importance of quantifying metal distribution and correlating it with structural changes to understand the relevance of the ligand in the mechanisms of cellular uptake and targeting, crucial for the development of effective metal-based cancer therapies.
Characteristics, treatment and disease burden among stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes in Finland during 2016–2022
Authors: Metsärinne Kaj , Bodegård Johan , Toppila Iiro , Uusi-Rauva Kristiina , Frederiksen Line Elmerdahl , Brinkmann Satu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Real-world evidence on the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) is limited. This study described the characteristics, treatment and disease burden in patients with stage 3–4 CKD with and without T2D in Finland.

Methods
This cohort study used data from primary and hospital care in five municipalities in Finland to identify adults with stage 3–4 CKD, defined as having either one estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurement of 15–59 mL/min/1.73 m2 followed by a second measurement taken ≥90 days later, or a registered CKD diagnosis. Prevalence was determined on 31 December 2022, and a cohort of incident stage 3–4 CKD patients was followed from the first date fulfilling eligibility criteria since 1 January 2016 (index) until death or 31 December 2022, and analyzed by T2D status.

Results
The prevalence of stage 3–4 CKD was 6.3%. Among the 12 474 incident stage 3–4 CKD patients, the majority were non-T2D (73%). The median age was similar for non-T2D and T2D CKD patients, respectively. Baseline albuminuria screening was 9% among non-T2D and 53% among T2D. The use of kidney-protective treatments at index was also lower in non-T2D patients (47%), compared with T2D patients (69%). The use of kidney-protective treatments remained unchanged during 12 months after index. Healthcare resource utilization was high, and CKD or heart failure contributed considerably more to the all-cause healthcare costs than atherosclerotic diseases, regardless of T2D status. In both CKD subgroups, 10% had died within 1 year.

Conclusions
In Finland, CKD is highly prevalent and associated with high risks and low use of albuminuria testing and kidney-protective medications. Most CKD patients were non-T2D, which showed lower use of preventive management and similar risks compared with T2D patients. These findings call for an urgent need for improved awareness and risk management, especially in non-T2D CKD patients.
Glioma–astrocyte connexin43 confers temozolomide resistance through activation of the E2F1/ERCC1 axis
Authors: Gui Yanping , Qin Hongkun , Zhang Xinyu , Chen Qianqian , Ye Fangyu , Tian Geng , Yang Shihe , Ye Yuting , Pan Di , Zhou Jieying , Fan Xiangshan , Wang Yajing , Zhao Li 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioma is the most prevalent and lethal tumor of the central nervous system. Routine treatment with temozolomide (TMZ) would unfortunately result in inevitable recurrence and therapy resistance, severely limiting therapeutic efficacy. Tumor-associated astrocytes (TAAs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment and increasing evidence has demonstrated that aberrant expression of connexin43 (Cx43) was closely associated with glioma progression and TMZ resistance. However, the specific role of Cx43 in mediating TMZ resistance through glioma and astrocyte interactions has not been fully explored.

Methods
The expression and prognostic value of Cx43 were evaluated in tumor samples and clinical databases. ShRNA-medicated knockdown and Gfap-Cre Cx43flox/flox gene mouse were used to assess the role and functional significance of Cx43 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we performed mass spectrometry analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and other biochemical assays to define the molecular mechanisms by which Cx43 promotes TMZ resistance.

Results
We confirmed that the upregulation of Cx43 expression between TAAs and glioma cells contributed to TMZ resistance and tumor recurrence. Genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of Cx43 enhanced TMZ-induced cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, elevated Cx43 expression induced β-catenin accumulation at the cell surface of glioma cells, suppressing T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor transcription. This led to impaired miR-205-5p expression and subsequent activation of the E2F1/ERCC1 axis, which eventually led to chemoresistance.

Conclusions
Our study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism in which the Cx43/miR-205-5p/E2F1/ERCC1 axis contributes to TMZ resistance in glioma. These findings further highlight the potential of targeting Cx43 as a therapeutic strategy in glioma.
Pediatric spinal high-grade glioma in the pediatric precision oncology registry INFORM: Identification of potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Pfaff Elke , Schramm Kathrin , Blattner-Johnson Mirjam , Jones Barbara C , Stark Sebastian , Balasubramanian Gnana Prakash , Previti Christopher , Autry Robert J , Fiesel Petra , Sahm Felix , Reuss David , von Deimling Andreas , van Tilburg Cornelis M , Pajtler Kristian W , Milde Till , Dirksen Uta , Kramm Christof M , von Bueren André O , Munthe-Kaas Monica C , Øra Ingrid , Pfister Stefan M , Witt Olaf , Jones David T W 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
High-grade glioma (HGG) of the spinal cord constitutes rare tumors in the pediatric population. Knowledge of the molecular profile of this pediatric HGG (pedHGG) subgroup is limited and the clinical outcome is poor. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide more profound investigations of molecular characteristics and clinical features of these tumors.

Methods
Between January 2015 and October 2023, 17 spinal tumors with HGG histology were analyzed by the Individualized Therapy For Relapsed Malignancies in Childhood (INFORM) precision oncology registry. Comprehensive molecular profiling (including next-generation sequencing approaches and DNA methylation analysis) was performed. Clinical data provided by the treating centers were evaluated regarding treatment approaches and outcomes.

Results
Subgroup classification based on DNA methylation analysis revealed molecular HGG subgroups in 12/17 cases, while 2/17 were classified as molecular low-grade glioma (LGG) and 3/17 were not unequivocally classifiable. Typical genetic alterations described in pedHGG usually presenting at other localizations were also present in the counterparts located in the spinal cohort. Alterations that might serve as a promising target for personalized therapy approaches were identified in a subset of tumors.

Conclusion
With this cohort of 12 molecularly confirmed spinal pedHGG cases, we provide a compilation of genomic as well as clinical features of this rare subgroup, contributing to a better understanding and eventually to future treatment approaches.
Perceptions and Barriers to Outpatient Antiviral Therapy for COVID-19 and Influenza as Observed by Infectious Disease Specialists in North America: Results of an Emerging Infections Network (EIN) Survey, February 2024
Authors: Singleton Jordan B , Wang Dennis , Louis Souci , Smith Dallas J , Lambrou Anastasia S , Beekmann Susan E , Midgley Claire M , Polgreen Philip , Garg Shikha , Ricaldi Jessica N , Uyeki Timothy M , Santibañez Scott , Patel Pragna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Antiviral therapy is underutilized for outpatients at increased risk for severe COVID-19 or influenza. Results from this survey offer insights into treatment barriers from the infectious disease specialist perspective. Further education is needed about the benefits of early antiviral therapy.
Q-band line survey observations toward a carbon-chain-rich clump in the Serpens South region
Authors: Taniguchi Kotomi , Nakamura Fumitaka , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Shimoikura Tomomi , Chiong Chau-Ching , Dobashi Kazuhito , Hirano Naomi , Yonekura Yoshinori , Nomura Hideko , Nishimura Atsushi , Ogawa Hideo , Chien Chen , Ho Chin-Ting , Hwang Yuh-Jing , Yeh You-Ting , Lai Shih-Ping , Fujii Yasunori , Yamasaki Yasumasa , Nguyen-Luong Quang , Kawabe Ryohei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We have conducted Q-band (30–50 GHz) line survey observations toward a carbon-chain emission peak in the Serpens South cluster-forming region with the extended Q-band (eQ) receiver installed on the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope. Approximately 180 lines have been detected, including tentative detection, and these lines are attributed to 52 molecules including isotopologues. It has been found that this position is rich in carbon-chain species as much as Cyanopolyyne Peak in the Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1 CP), suggesting chemical youth. Not only carbon-chain species, but also several complex organic molecules (CH$_3$OH, CH$_3$CHO, HCCCHO, CH$_3$CN, and tentatively C$_2$H$_3$CN) have also been detected, which is similar to the chemical complexity found in evolved prestellar cores. The HDCS$/$H$_2$CS ratio has been derived to be $11.3\% \pm 0.5\%$, and this value is similar to the prestellar core L1544. The chemically young features that are similar to the less-dense starless core TMC-1 CP ($10^4$–$10^5\:$cm$^{-3}$) and chemically evolved characters which resemble the dense prestellar core L1544 (${\sim}10^6\:$cm$^{-3}$) mean that the clump including the observed position is a pre-cluster clump without any current star formation activity.
Do mindfulness interventions cause harm? Findings from the Learning to Apply Mindfulness to Pain (LAMP) Pragmatic Clinical Trial
Authors: Burgess Diana J , Calvert Collin , Bangerter Ann , Branson Mariah , Cross Lee J S , Evans Roni , Ferguson John E , Friedman Jessica K , Hagel Campbell Emily M , Haley Alexander C , Hennessy Sierra , Kraft Colleen , Mahaffey Mallory , Matthias Marianne S , Meis Laura A , Serpa J Greg , Taylor Stephanie L , Taylor Brent C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Although mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are widely used in clinical and nonclinical settings, there has been little systematic study of their potential risks. To address this gap, we examined differences in psychological and physical worsening among participants in the usual care and intervention conditions of a 3-group, randomized pragmatic trial (Learning to Apply Mindfulness to Pain [LAMP]) that tested the effectiveness of 2 approaches to delivering MBIs to patients with chronic pain.

Methods
The sample consisted of 374 male and 334 female patients with chronic pain enrolled in the LAMP trial who completed a 10-week follow-up survey, 61% of whom had a mental health diagnosis. Psychological and physical worsening was assessed by a checklist asking whether participants experienced specific symptoms since beginning the study. We used multivariable logistic regression models with imputed data to determine whether predicted probabilities of increased symptoms differed between usual care and the 2 MBIs.

Results
Participants in usual care were more likely to report experiencing increased psychological and physical worsening than were those in the MBIs, including an increase in disturbing memories; sadness, anxiousness, and fatigue; isolation and loneliness; and feeling more upset than usual when something reminded them of the past.

Conclusions
MBIs do not appear to cause harm, in terms of increased symptoms, for this population of patients with chronic pain and high levels of mental health comorbidities.

Clinical trial registration
Preregistration with an analysis plan at www.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04526158. Patient enrollment began December 4, 2020.
How initial perceptions of the effectiveness of mind and body complementary and integrative health therapies influence long-term adherence in a pragmatic trial
Authors: Zeliadt Steven B , Coggeshall Scott , Zhang Xiaoyi , Rosser Ethan W , Reed II David E , Elwy A Rani , Bokhour Barbara G , Toyama Joy A , Taylor Stephanie L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Beliefs and perceptions about pain intervention effectiveness when initiating a therapy may influence long-term engagement. This study examines how early perceived effectiveness of complementary and integrative health therapies impacts long-term engagement in a pragmatic trial context.

Participants
Veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain participating in a pragmatic trial of provider-delivered complementary and integrative health therapies (acupuncture, chiropractic care, or massage therapy) used alone compared to combining those therapies with self-care therapies (yoga, Tai Chi/Qigong, or meditation). This analysis focuses on 1713 participants using self-care therapies at baseline.

Setting
18 Veterans Healthcare Administration Medical Facilities.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Methods
Predictors of total self-care complementary and integrative health therapy sessions over a 6-month assessment period were assessed using linear regression to determine how strongly perceptions of initial therapy effectiveness was associated with total utilization. Perception of initial therapy effectiveness was assessed at study entry across four domains (pain, mental health, fatigue, and general well-being).

Results
In total, 56% (1032/1713) of Veterans reported a positive perceived effectiveness of their recent complementary and integrative health therapy use at study initiation. Older individuals and those using meditation were more likely to report early positive perceptions. Mean number of therapy sessions over the 6-month study was 11 (range 1 to 168). Early positive perceptions had a small effect on overall use, increasing mean sessions by 2.5 (1.3 to 3.6). Other factors such as recent physical therapy use and distance to primary care explained more variation in total utilization.

Conclusions
Pragmatic pain trials should examine factors associated with engagement across assigned treatment protocols, especially if any of the treatment protocols being tested are sensitive to long-term engagement.