bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile and Evaluation of Topical Voriconazole for Management of Fungal Corneal Ulcer in North Western Rajasthan
Authors: Jain Kalpna , Garhwal Jyoti , Swami Taruna 
Published: August 2018

Aim:-
Fungal keratitis is a suppurative and sight-threatening infection of the cornea that sometimes leads to loss of the eye. The study was done to know the efficacy of topical voriconazole in the management of fungal keratitis and prevalent species of fungal corneal ulcer in North Western Rajasthan.

Materials and Methods:-
It was a prospective cohort study at a tertiary care center. Fifty patients of fungal corneal ulcer were included in study of either age or sex. All patients were treated with topical voriconazole and response was noted.

Results:-
60% patients were males and 40% females. Agricultural workers were most commonly affected and the most common cause of injury was vegetative matter (40%). Aspergillus was the most common fungal species (46%). Hypopyon was present in 25 patients. Hypopyon was completely disappeared with topical voriconazole by first week in 18 patients. Improvement in BCVA statistically significant. The mean duration of healing was 5.5 weeks after treatment with topical voriconazole.

Conclusion:-
Ophthalmic mycosis is emerging as a major cause of visual morbidity and can be life-threatening. Voriconazole eye drops appear to be effective and safe when used for the treatment of fungal keratitis.
A patient‐derived explant (PDE) model of hormone‐dependent cancer
Authors: Centenera Margaret M. , Hickey Theresa E. , Jindal Shalini , Ryan Natalie K. , Ravindranathan Preethi , Mohammed Hisham , Robinson Jessica L. , Schiewer Matthew J. , Ma Shihong , Kapur Payal , Sutherland Peter D. , Hoffmann Clive E. , Roehrborn Claus G. , Gomella Leonard G. , Carroll Jason S. , Birrell Stephen N. , Knudsen Karen E. , Raj Ganesh V. , Butler Lisa M. , Tilley Wayne D. 
Published: August 2018

Breast and prostate cancer research to date has largely been predicated on the use of cell lines in vitro or in vivo. These limitations have led to the development of more clinically relevant models, such as organoids or murine xenografts that utilize patient‐derived material; however, issues related to low take rate, long duration of establishment, and the associated costs constrain use of these models. This study demonstrates that ex vivo culture of freshly resected breast and prostate tumor specimens obtained from surgery, termed patient‐derived explants (PDEs), provides a high‐throughput and cost‐effective model that retains the native tissue architecture, microenvironment, cell viability, and key oncogenic drivers. The PDE model provides a unique approach for direct evaluation of drug responses on an individual patient's tumor, which is amenable to analysis using contemporary genomic technologies. The ability to rapidly evaluate drug efficacy in patient‐derived material has high potential to facilitate implementation of personalized medicine approaches.
Multidimensional Design of Anisotropic Polymer Particles from Solvent‐Evaporative Emulsion
Authors: Ku Kang Hee , Shin Jae Man , Yun Hongseok , Yi Gi‐Ra , Jang Se Gyu , Kim Bumjoon J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractColloidal particles with controlled shape and internal structure have attracted great attention due to their novel morphologies and various potential applications. Among the diverse synthetic strategies toward anisotropically shaped polymer particles, facile and accurate engineering of such structures remains challenging. This review highlights the synthetic approaches to manipulate the shape of polymer particles driven by phase separation in emulsions upon solvent evaporation. And, special attention is given to the thermodynamic and kinetic principles of particle shape control, followed by detailed experimental examples and their applications. Major synthetic strategies for the preparation of nonspherical block copolymer (BCP) particles by evaporation of solvent from BCP‐containing emulsions are discussed as follows: engineering of i) interfacial properties of the confining emulsion droplets, ii) particle (or droplet) size, iii) segregation behavior of BCPs within the droplet, and iv) solvent‐induced BCP self‐assembly kinetics (i.e., solvent evaporation rate). Next, functionalized BCP particles produced by careful design of the chemical structures of polymer or by incorporation of functional additives into the polymer matrix are introduced. Finally, this review article aims to present the challenging issues associated with current methods and future directions for research in this field.
A Review of Precious‐Metal‐Free Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts: Rational Design and Applications in Zn−Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Hao‐Fan , Tang Cheng , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe bifunctional electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) and oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) is critical for the development of rechargeable Zn–air batteries. Both ORRs and OERs suffer from sluggish kinetics and high overpotentials, and the bifunctional reactivity is limited by the scaling relationship. Therefore, smart designs on electrocatalysts are requested to achieve high bifunctional ORR/OER activity and excellent performance in Zn–air batteries. Herein, the requirements for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are first introduced. Then the recent advances of precious‐metal‐free active materials and regulation methods of their intrinsic activity are introduced. The structural design principles to improve the accessibility of the active sites are further presented. Finally, a brief overview of the applications of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts in Zn–air batteries, including routine liquid batteries and flexible solid‐state batteries, is presented. This review affords rational design principles and strategies for nonprecious bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysts, which are expected to guide the targeted optimization of electrocatalysts and further exploration of emerging candidates.
Exogenous Amino Acid‐Loaded Nanovehicles: Stepping across Endogenous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Jing , Ni Dalong , Shen Zhiwei , Ren Yan , Liu Yanyan , Fan Wenpei , Wu Yue , Zhang Guishan , Zhang Hua , Wu Renhua , Feng Xiaoyuan , Bu Wenbo , Yao Zhenwei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows the assessment of metabolic contents and biochemical information in vivo. It provides essential compositional information in the diagnosis and monitoring of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, especially brain tumors. Conventional MRS is usually confined to endogenous metabolites that may lack specificity for certain disease such as differentiating glioma from other tumor and non‐tumorous lesions. Therefore, exogenous MRS contrast agents (CAs) that may improve the sensitivity and specificity of MRS are highly desirable for its clinical use. In this work, a novel MRS CA, β‐alanine loaded hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres, with a high biosafety profile and characteristic MRS spectrum was synthesized and investigated. This new CA is further tested to realize the accurate functional MRS diagnosis of brain glioma with high sensitivity. The general approach of synthesizing disease specific CA for MRS may lead to a new era of molecular imaging.
Organic Photo‐Electrochemical Transistor‐Based Biosensor: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study toward Highly Sensitive DNA Detection
Authors: Song Jiajun , Lin Peng , Ruan Yi‐Fan , Zhao Wei‐Wei , Wei Weiwei , Hu Jin , Ke Shanming , Zeng Xierong , Xu Jing‐Juan , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Ren Wei , Yan Feng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOrganic bioelectronics have shown promising applications for various sensing purposes due to their significant advantages in term of high flexibility, portability, easy fabrication, and biocompatibility. Here, a new type of organic device, organic photo‐electrochemical transistor (OPECT), is reported, which is the combination of an organic electrochemical transistor and a photo‐electrochemical gate electrode modified with CdS quantum dots (QDs). Thanks to the inherent amplification function of the transistor, the OPECT‐based biosensor exhibits much higher sensitivity than that of a traditional biosensor. The sensing mechanism of the OPECT is attributed to the charge transfer between the photosensitive semiconductor CdS QDs and the gate electrode. In an OPECT‐based DNA sensor, target DNA is labeled with Au nanoparticles (NPs) and captured on the gate electrode, which can influence the charge transfer on the gate caused by the exciton–plasmon interactions between CdS QDs and Au NPs. Consequently, a highly sensitive and selective DNA sensor with a detection limit of around 1 × 10−15
m is realized. It is expected that OPECTs can be developed as a high‐performance platform for numerous biological detections in the future.
Triboelectric Series of 2D Layered Materials
Authors: Seol Minsu , Kim Seongsu , Cho Yeonchoo , Byun Kyung‐Eun , Kim Haeryong , Kim Jihye , Kim Sung Kyun , Kim Sang‐Woo , Shin Hyeon‐Jin , Park Seongjun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently, as applications based on triboelectricity have expanded, understanding the triboelectric charging behavior of various materials has become essential. This study investigates the triboelectric charging behaviors of various 2D layered materials, including MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, WSe2, graphene, and graphene oxide in a triboelectric series using the concept of a triboelectric nanogenerator, and confirms the position of 2D materials in the triboelectric series. It is also demonstrated that the results are obviously related to the effective work functions. The charging polarity indicates the similar behavior regardless of the synthetic method and film thickness ranging from a few hundred nanometers (for chemically exfoliated and restacked films) to a few nanometers (for chemical vapor deposited films). Further, the triboelectric charging characteristics could be successfully modified via chemical doping. This study provides new insights to utilize 2D materials in triboelectric devices, allowing thin and flexible device fabrication.
Parts‐per‐Million‐Level Doping Effects in Organic Semiconductor Films and Organic Single Crystals
Authors: Hiramoto Masahiro , Kikuchi Mitsuru , Izawa Seiichiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractControlling the pn‐type behavior of a semiconductor such as silicon by adding an extremely small quantity of an impurity (doping) is a central part of inorganic semiconductor electronics since the 20th century. Recent progress in the doping of organic semiconductors strongly suggests the advent of a new era of doped organic semiconductors. Here, the principles and effects of doping at the level of parts per million (ppm) in organic semiconductor films and single crystals are described, including descriptions of complete pn‐control, doping sensitization, ppm doping using an extremely low‐speed deposition technique reaching 10−9 nm s−1, and emerging ppm‐level doping effects, such as trap filling, majority carriers, homojunction formation, and decreased mobility, as well as ppm‐level doping effects in organic single crystals measured by the Hall effect, which shows a doping efficiency of 24%. The Wannier excitonic doping of organic single crystals possessing band conduction and the defect science of organic single crystals related to carrier trapping and scattering are introduced as a new scientific field. The dawn of organic single‐crystal electronics is also discussed.
Quantum‐Sized Metal Catalysts for Hot‐Electron‐Driven Chemical Transformation
Authors: Wei Qilin , Wu Siyu , Sun Yugang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHot‐electron‐driven chemical transformation (HEDCT) represents an emerging research area in utilizing photoresponsive nanoparticles to enable efficient solar‐to‐chemical conversion. The unique properties of quantum‐sized metal nanoparticles (QSMNPs) make them a class of photocatalysts that can generate hot electrons to drive surface chemical reactions with high quantum efficiency. Compared to the conventional thermal‐driven chemical reactions, HEDCT offers the advantages of accelerating reaction rate, improving reaction selectivity, and possibly enabling the occurrence of thermodynamically endergonic reactions. Despite its embryonic stage of development, using QSMNPs for HEDCT shows great promise. Herein, a timely overview on the research progress is provided with a focus on the fundamental quantum processes involved in the photoexcitation of hot electrons and the following HEDCT on the surface of QSMNPs. The last section discusses the challenges, which also represent the opportunities for the materials research community, in designing robust QSMNP photocatalysts and understanding the fundamental quantum phenomena in HEDCT.
Engineering Functional Metal Materials at the Atomic Level
Authors: Yao Qiaofeng , Yuan Xun , Chen Tiankai , Leong David Tai , Xie Jianping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith continuous research efforts devoted into synthesis and characterization chemistry of functional nanomaterials in the past decades, the development of metal materials is stepping into a new era, where atom‐by‐atom customization of property‐dictating structural attributes is expected. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art modulation of functional metal nanomaterials at the atomic level, by size‐ and structure‐controlled synthesis of thiolate‐protected metal (e.g., Au and Ag) nanoclusters (NCs), is exemplified. Metal NCs are ultrasmall (<3 nm) particles with hierarchical primary, secondary, and tertiary structures, reminiscent of natural proteins or enzymes. Given the proven dependence of their physicochemical properties on their size and structure, documented synthetic methodologies delivering NCs with atomic‐level monodispersity and tailorable size and structural attributes at individual hierarchical levels are categorized and discussed. Such assured atomic‐level modulation could confer metal NCs with novel application opportunities in diverse fields, which are also exemplified by their size‐ and structure‐dictated catalytic and biomedical performance. The precise synthesis and application chemistry developed based on the hierarchical structure scheme of metal NCs could increase the acceptance of metal NCs as a new family of functional materials.
Design Strategy for Solution‐Processable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters and Their Applications in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zou Yang , Gong Shaolong , Xie Guohua , Yang Chuluo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSolution‐processable thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have received tremendous attentions in recent years due to their intrinsic merits of theoretical 100% exciton harvesting capability and excellent compatibility to low‐cost and easily scalable solution processes. Herein, a comprehensive review of solution‐processable TADF emitters is presented, including small molecules, dendrimers, and polymers. Their molecular design, optoelectronic properties, and device performances are summarized, and specific emphasis is placed on the structure–property relationships of these emitters. This review not only offers a guideline for designing highly efficient TADF emitters compatible with solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes, but also paves further directions for the development of solution‐processable TADF emitters.
Direct‐Current Triboelectric Nanogenerator Realized by Air Breakdown Induced Ionized Air Channel
Authors: Luo Jianjun , Xu Liang , Tang Wei , Jiang Tao , Fan Feng Ru , Pang Yaokun , Chen Libo , Zhang Yan , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe air breakdown phenomenon is generally considered as a negative effect in previous research on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which is always accompanied by air ionization. Here, by utilizing the air breakdown induced ionized air channel, a direct‐current triboelectric nanogenerator (DC‐TENG) is designed for harvesting contact‐separation mechanical energy. During working process, the charges first transfer from bottom to top electrodes through an external circuit in contact state, then flow back via the ionized air channel created by air breakdown in the separation process. So a unidirectional flow of electrical charges can be observed in the external circuit. With repeating contact‐separation cycles, continuous pulsed DC output through the external circuit can be realized. This working mechanism was verified by real‐time electrode potential monitoring, photocurrent signal detection, and controllable discharging observation. The DC‐TENG can be used for directly and continuously charging an energy storage unit and/or driving electronic devices without using a bridge rectifier. Owing to its simplicity in structure, the mechanism is further applied to fabricate the first flexible DC‐TENG. This research provides a significant fundamental study for DC‐TENG technology and may expand its application in flexible electronics and flexible self‐charging power systems.
MoSe2/N‐Doped Carbon as Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ge JunMin , Fan Ling , Wang Jue , Zhang Qingfeng , Liu Zhaomeng , Zhang Erjin , Liu Qian , Yu Xinzhi , Lu Bingan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted considerable attention due to the low redox potential, low price, and abundance, in comparison to lithium and sodium. Herein, a novel potassium MoSe2/N‐C battery with a new electrolyte, 1 m potassium bis(fluoro‐slufonyl)imide in ethyl methyl carbonate, is reported. The MoSe2/N‐C composite, which consists of carbon‐coated MoSe2 nanosheets, is synthesized through solvothermal and annealing method. As an anode material for PIBs, it exhibits an outstanding rate performance and long cycling stability. Meanwhile, a reversible capacity of 258.02 mA h g−1 is achieved after 300 cycles at 100 mA g−1, obtaining a Coulombic efficiency close to 100%. Even at a high current density, it can maintain 218 and 197 mA h g−1 at 500 and 1000 mA g−1, respectively. The charge/discharge mechanism of MoSe2/N‐C as the anode material for PIBs is investigated. These results reveal that the insertion and the extraction of K+ will lead to a phase transition of MoSe2. During the charge process, a part of the MoSe2 will transform to Mo15Se19 and the major final discharge product is K5Se3.
Nanometric Ni5P4 Clusters Nested on NiCo2O4 for Efficient Hydrogen Production via Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Tao , Yang Kena , Wang Cheng , Li Shanyu , Zhang Qiqi , Chang Xuejiao , Li Juntao , Li Simo , Jia Shuangfeng , Wang Jianbo , Fu Lei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA number of non‐noble catalysts are developed for hydrogen production via acidic water electrolysis. Nevertheless, for the more economical alkaline hydrogen generation, the restricted kinetics of the water dissociation Volmer step along with its following proton recombination Tafel step for these non‐noble electrocatalysts generally lead to sluggish hydrogen‐production process. Here, a facile method is designed to nest nanometric Ni5P4 clusters on NiCo2O4 (achieving Ni5P4@NiCo2O4) by a phosphating process of NiO clusters on NiCo2O4. Acting as a high‐efficiency electrode for alkaline water electrolysis, the Ni5P4@NiCo2O4 can efficiently and preferentially convert H2O to H2 with a low overpotential of 27  mV at 10 mA cm−2 and the Tafel slope of 27  mV dec−1, which are comparable to the results for platinum and superior than those of the state‐of‐the‐art platinum‐free electrocatalysts. Density functional theory calculations confirm that NiCo2O4 species exhibit a higher ability to electrolyze water into H* intermediate and then Ni5P4 clusters facilitate the subsequent desorption of the H2 products. Profiting from the promoted kinetic steps, the Ni5P4@NiCo2O4 electrocatalyst is promising for scalable alkaline hydrogen production.
Genomic and clinical characterization of B/T mixed phenotype acute leukemia reveals recurrent features and T‐ALL like mutations
Authors: Mi Xiaoli , Griffin Gabriel , Lee Winston , Patel Sanjay , Ohgami Robert , Ok Chi Young , Wang Sa , Geyer Julia T. , Xiao Wenbin , Roshal Mikhail , Garcia Jacqueline S. , Silverman Lewis B. , Sallan Stephen E. , Aster Jon C. , Harris Marian H. , Weinberg Olga K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe B/T subtype of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (B/T MPAL) is defined by co‐expression of antigens of both B‐ and T‐cell lineages on leukemic blasts. Although it has been suggested that multilineage antigen expression portends poor response to chemotherapy, the clinical characteristics and driver mutations that underlie the pathogenesis of this rare subtype of acute leukemia are scarcely known. We identified nine cases of B/T MPAL from multiple institutions and correlated clinical and immunophenotypic findings with next‐generation sequencing data. We report that B/T MPAL commonly presents with lymphadenopathy in adolescence and young adulthood. While the tumors have diverse cytogenetic and genomic perturbations, recurrent acquired aberrations include mutations in the putative transcriptional regulator PHF6 and the JAK‐STAT and Ras signaling pathways. Alterations were also identified in genes encoding hematopoietic transcription factors, cell cycle regulators/tumor suppressors, and chromatin modifying enzymes. The genomic landscape of B/T MPAL strongly resembles that of T‐ALL subgroups associated with early developmental arrest, while genetic alterations that are common in B‐ALL were rarely seen. Two‐thirds of the patients responded to ALL‐based chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation. Our observations lay the groundwork for further study of the unique biology and clinical trajectory of B/T MPAL.
Optimal conditioning regimen for haplo‐identical stem cell transplantation in adult patients with acquired severe aplastic anemia: Prospective de‐escalation study of TBI and ATG dose
Authors: Lee Sung‐Eun , Park Sung Soo , Jeon Young‐Woo , Yoon Jae‐Ho , Cho Byung‐Sik , Eom Ki‐Seong , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Lee Seok , Min Chang‐Ki , Kim Hee‐Je , Cho Seok‐Goo , Kim Dong‐Wook , Lee Jong Wook 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis prospective study explored an optimal conditioning regimen to ensure engraftment with minimal toxicity in adult patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) who received haplo‐identical stem cell transplantation from a related mismatched donor (Haplo‐SCT). We explored a safe and sufficient dose of rabbit ATG (Thymoglobulin) in combination with 800 cGy total body irradiation (TBI) and fludarabine (Flu, 30 mg/m2/day) for 5 days using step‐by‐step dose de‐escalation. The dose of ATG was de‐escalated from 10 mg/kg (group 1), to 7.5 mg/kg (group 2), to 5 mg/kg (group 3), and the TBI dose was reduced to 600 cGy (group 4) beginning in October 2014. If one patient developed transplant‐related mortality (TRM) with engraftment in a group, we moved to the next lower dose group. Thirty‐four patients were enrolled in groups 1‐3 (n = 10) and 4 (n = 24). All patients achieved primary engraftment. The incidence of acute GVHD (grade ≥ 2) and chronic GVHD (≥ moderate) was 29.4% and 14.7%, respectively. With a median follow‐up of 56.6 and 21.8 months in groups 1‐3 and group 4, respectively, the 2‐year probability of overall survival (91.7% in group 4 vs 70% in groups 1‐3, P = 0.155) and GVHD‐free survival (78.4% in group 4 vs 50% in groups 1‐3, P = 0.115) was shown tended to be better in group 4. This study explored an optimal conditioning with step‐by‐step de‐escalation dosage of ATG and TBI to reduce TRM with sustained graft function. TBI‐600 cGy/Flu/intermediate‐dose ATG resulted in feasible outcomes of Haplo‐SCT for adult patients with SAA.