bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Application of DMAIC to Improve Production: Case Study for Single-Sided Flexible Printed Circuit Board
Authors: Mohamad N , Ahmad S , Samat H A , Seng C K , Lazi F M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control) technique is applied at a company producing Flexible Printed Circuit Board (FPCB) in Malaysia. It is an initiative for continuous improvement by the company. The aim of the study is to reduce the number of open defects during the production of the single sided FPCB which has substantial impact on the profit margin of the company. The study examines one of the production line which has the highest defect rate. The study has utilised the Six Sigma tools such as brainstorming, process mapping, fish bone diagram, Pareto chart and control charts. From the analysis, it is found that the major contributor to the open defect problems are contamination of the separator during production. The causes of the contamination were identified and action plans were implemented. These actions have resulted in an overall reduction of defect rate and cost saving for the company. For the duration of the study, the overall defect rate for the particular line was reduced from 0.6% to 0.37% with a total saving of RM 1423.60. The case study showed that DMAIC process is an effective approach that can solve what seems to be a major problems using simple solutions. If conducted properly and efficiently, it has the potential to give good returns to the company.
Knowledge Base and Rule Base Safety Management Systems Development Strategies and Applications for Petrochemical Industries: A Brief Outline
Authors: Asad M M , Hassan R , Sherwani B , Sherwani F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This review paper discussed about the development tactics and applications of knowledge based and rule-based decision support systems for health and safety in oil and gas sector. It recommends the users on the extent of health and safety concerns for risk and hazard investigation and prevention in which the system developers and researchers mostly face issues during selection and adaptation of development approaches. A complete and systematic review and classification of articles from last seven years has been conducted and briefly analysed, to investigate various methodologies employed in previously developed rule based (RB) and knowledge based (KB) decision support systems. All major bibliographic databases covering a broad series of health and safety fields were searched in various oil and gas production sector related studies. Eighteen articles met the KB and RB study. Twelve of these met the methodological prospective of required investigation. In this review paper, researchers briefly explain about the methodological aspects and industrial applications of rule and knowledge-based decision support systems for reducing work place risks and hazards in safety and health domain. Conclusions that can be extracted from this analytical review paper of the methodological variation and applications of rule based and knowledge-based decision support system is that both inferences are interrelated to each other. RB and KB inferences techniques and methods are used in both interpretations for developing decision support systems in the context of oil and gas extraction and production sector. But safety and health consider KB decision systems as more effective for taking suitable decisions due to real time information and experts’ opinions which facilities safety professionals to take appropriate decision then RB reasoning decision support systems.
Paper Machine Breakdown Reduction by FMEA and Preventive Maintenance Improvement: A Case Study
Authors: Wannawiset S , Tangjitsitcharoen S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
FMEA is a widely selected tool for the application of machinery breakdown prevention. This research adopted FMEA technique to reduce and prevent the breakdown of the important equipment of a large commercial paper machine that has capacity of 200,000 tonnes per annum located in the Northeast area of Thailand. This research accomplished the improvement of preventive maintenance in other machines for rapid implementation and improved machine inspections. After implementation, the downtime of paper machine belonging to maintenance department responsibility reduced significantly 5 hours per month by average, machine availability, OEE, and MTBF increased 0.46%, 0.51%, and 10 hours respectively. The machine downtime has been on the downward trend.
Matrix logarithms and range of the exponential maps for the symmetry groups

SL
(
2
,
R
)
,
SL
(
2
,
C
)

, and the Lorentz group
Authors: Qiao Zhiqian , Dick Rainer 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Physicists know that covering the continuously connected component



+

↑

of the Lorentz group can be achieved through two Lie algebra exponentials, whereas one exponential is sufficient for compact symmetry groups like SU(N) or SO(N). On the other hand, both the general Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula for the combination of matrix exponentials in a series of higher order commutators, and the possibility to define the logarithm

ln
(

M

̲

)

of a general matrix

M

̲

through the Jordan normal form, seem to naively suggest that even for non-compact groups a single exponential should be sufficient. We provide explicit constructions of

ln
(

M

̲

)

for all matrices

M

̲

in the fundamental representations of the non-compact groups

SL
(
2
,
R
)
,
SL
(
2
,
C
)

, and SO(1, 2). The construction for

SL
(
2
,
C
)

also yields logarithms for SO(1, 3) through the spinor representations. However, it is well known that single Lie algebra exponentials are not sufficient to cover the Lie groups

SL
(
2
,
R
)

and

SL
(
2
,
C
)

. Therefore we revisit the maximal neighbourhoods



1

⊂
SL
(
2
,
R
)

and



1
,
C

⊂
SL
(
2
,
C
)

which can be covered through single exponentials

exp
(

X

̲

)

with

X

̲

∈
sl
(
2
,
R
)

or

X

̲

∈
sl
(
2
,
C
)

, respectively, to clarify why

ln
(

M

̲

)
∉
sl
(
2
,
R
)

or

ln
(

M

̲

)
∉
sl
(
2
,
C
)

outside of the corresponding domains



1

or



1
,
C

. On the other hand, for the Lorentz groups SO(1, 2) and SO(1, 3), we confirm through construction of the logarithm

ln
(

Λ

̲

)

that every transformation

Λ

̲

in the connectivity component



+

↑

of the identity element can be represented in the form

exp
(

X

̲

)

with

X

̲

∈
so
(
1
,
2
)

or

X

̲

∈
so
(
1
,
3
)

, respectively. We also examine why the proper orthochronous Lorentz group can be covered by single Lie algebra exponentials, whereas this property does not hold for its covering group

SL
(
2
,
C
)

: The logarithms

ln
(

Λ

̲

)

in



+

↑

correspond to logarithms on the first sheet of the covering map

SL
(
2
,
C
)
→



+

↑

, which is contained in



1
,
C

. The special linear groups and the Lorentz group therefore provide instructive examples for different global behaviour of non-compact Lie groups under the exponential map.
Temperature in micromagnetism: cell size and scaling effects of the stochastic Landau–Lifshitz equation
Authors: Hahn Marc Benjamin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The movement of the macroscopic magnetic moment in ferromagnetic systems can be described by the Landau–Lifshitz (LL) or Landau–Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. These equations are strictly valid only at absolute zero temperature. To include temperature effects a stochastic version of the LL or LLG equation for a spin density of one per unit cell can be used instead. To apply the stochastic LL to micromagnetic simulations, where the spin density per unit cell is generally higher, a conversion regarding simulation cell size and temperature has to be established. Based on energetic considerations, a conversion for ferromagnetic bulk and thin film systems is proposed. The conversion is tested in micromagnetic simulations which are performed with the Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF). The Curie temperatures of bulk Nickel, Cobalt and Iron systems as well as Nickel thin-film systems with thicknesses between 6.3 mono layer (ML) and 31 ML are determined from micromagnetic simulations. The results show a good agreement with experimentally determined Curie temperatures of bulk and thin film systems when temperature scaling is performed according to the presented model.
Evaluation of rice grain yield and yield components of Nona Bokra chromosome segment substitution lines with the genetic background of Koshihikari, in a saline paddy field
Authors: Mitsuya Shiro , Murakami Norifumi , Sato Tadashi , Kazama Tomohiko , Toriyama Kinya , Skoulding Nicola Stephanie , Kano-Nakata Mana , Yamauchi Akira 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ability to tolerate salt differs with the growth stages of rice and thus the yield components that are determined during various growth stages, are differentially affected by salt stress. In this study, we utilized chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) from Nona Bokra, a salt-tolerant indica landrace, with the genetic background of Koshihikari, a salt-susceptible japonica variety. These were screened to find superior CSSLs under long-term saline conditions that showed higher grain yield and yield components in comparison to Koshihikari. One-month-old seedlings were transplanted into a paddy field without salinity. These were allowed to establish for 1 month further, then the field was flooded, with saline water maintained at 7.41 dS m−1 salinity until harvest. The experiments were performed twice, once in 2015 and a targeted study in 2016. Salt tolerance of growth and reproductive stage parameters was evaluated as the Salt Effect Index (SEI) which was computed as the difference in each parameter within each line between control and saline conditions. All CSSLs and Koshihikari showed a decrease in grain yield and yield components except panicle number under salinity. SL538 showed a higher SEI for grain yield compared with Koshihikari under salinity throughout the two experiments. This was attributed to the retained grain filling and harvest index, yet the mechanism was not due to maintaining Na+, Cl− and K+ homeostasis. Few other CSSLs showed greater SEI for grain weight under salinity compared with Koshihikari, which might be related to low concentration of Na+ in leaves and panicles. These data indicate that substitution of different Nona Bokra chromosome segments independently contributed to the maintenance of grain filling and grain weight of Koshihikari under saline conditions.
Sexually opposite effects of testosterone on mating success in wild rock hyrax
Authors: Koren Lee , Weissman Yishai , Schnitzer Inbar , Beukeboom Rosanne , Bar Ziv Einat , Demartsev Vlad , Barocas Adi , Ilany Amiyaal , Geffen Eli 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Although males and females share traits, their motivations and needs may be different, due to life-history disparities that lead to divergent selection pressures. Proximate mechanisms underlying differences between the sexes include hormones that mediate the development and activation of suites of traits. Testosterone is associated with morphological features, physiological processes, and social behaviors in both sexes. However, even if present in similar concentrations in the circulation, testosterone often affects males and females differently. We combined behavioral mating observations of the wild polygynandrous rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) with hair testosterone that represents long-term integrated levels. We found that whereas copulation success increases with the rise in testosterone in males it decreases in females. We did not find an association between testosterone and choosiness in either sex. However, we found that males with higher testosterone mate-guarded females with lower testosterone. Our findings show disassortative mating and mate-guarding in respect to testosterone and provide clues to the cost of testosterone for females, in terms of copulation success. These results open up intriguing questions relating to the role of testosterone in mediating a similar trade-off in male and female reproductive success.
Convergence strikes again in the Neotropical woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae): a new Andean genus and a new species
Authors: Clark Lynn G , Londoño Ximena , Tyrrell Christopher D , Judziewicz Emmet J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aulonemiella (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Arthrostylidiinae), a new Andean genus from Colombia and Ecuador, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by its delicate scandent, vining habit, filiform to narrowly triangular, reflexed culm leaf blades, short, delicate foliage leaf fimbriae, synflorescences with subtending bracts and prophylls, awnless spikelets in spicate to racemose synflorescences and clavate rachilla internodes. The new species Aulonemiella laegaardii (southern Ecuador) is described, and the new combination A. ecuadorensis (Colombia and northern Ecuador) is made. Aulonemiella laegaardii is smaller overall and more delicate than A. ecuadorensis; it is also distinguished by its filiform, recurved culm leaf blades and paleas shorter than the lemmas. The culm leaf blades of A. ecuadorensis are narrowly triangular and straight, and its paleas are subequal to the lemmas; in addition, the synflorescence axes of A. ecuadorensis are usually apically zigzag at maturity.
Homocysteine and C-Reactive Protein Levels Are Associated With Frailty in Older Spaniards: The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging
Authors: Álvarez-Sánchez Nuria , Álvarez-Ríos Ana Isabel , Guerrero Juan Miguel , García-García Francisco José , Rodríguez-Mañas Leocadio , Cruz-Chamorro Ivan , Lardone Patricia Judith , Carrillo-Vico Antonio 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) are inflammation markers but are also related to cardiovascular diseases, disability, or higher risk of death. Although inflammation is considered to be associated with frailty, data regarding the association between hsCRP or Hcy and frailty are controversial or scarce, especially with respect to their association with prefrailty. Thus, our objective was to study the association of hsCRP and Hcy with prefrailty and frailty in 1,211 Spanish men and women aged 65–98 years from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging (TSHA) cohort, classified according to Fried’s criteria. Hcy was independently associated with frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.12), whereas hsCRP was independently associated with both prefrailty (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.06) and frailty (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02–1.12). Furthermore, both markers were positively correlated with the number of Fried’s criteria that were met and were independently associated with the criteria of exhaustion (Hcy: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00–1.06), weakness (hsCRP: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05), and low physical activity (hsCRP: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.06). Thus, our results highlight the importance of inflammation in age-related physical decline and, in particular, its association with fatigue, low strength, and decreased physical activity.
PRSice-2: Polygenic Risk Score software for biobank-scale data
Authors: Choi Shing Wan , O'Reilly Paul F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses have become an integral part of biomedical research, exploited to gain insights into shared aetiology among traits, to control for genomic profile in experimental studies, and to strengthen causal inference, among a range of applications. Substantial efforts are now devoted to biobank projects to collect large genetic and phenotypic data, providing unprecedented opportunity for genetic discovery and applications. To process the large-scale data provided by such biobank resources, highly efficient and scalable methods and software are required.

Results
Here we introduce PRSice-2, an efficient and scalable software program for automating and simplifying PRS analyses on large-scale data. PRSice-2 handles both genotyped and imputed data, provides empirical association P-values free from inflation due to overfitting, supports different inheritance models, and can evaluate multiple continuous and binary target traits simultaneously. We demonstrate that PRSice-2 is dramatically faster and more memory-efficient than PRSice-1 and alternative PRS software, LDpred and lassosum, while having comparable predictive power.

Conclusion
PRSice-2's combination of efficiency and power will be increasingly important as data sizes grow and as the applications of PRS become more sophisticated, e.g., when incorporated into high-dimensional or gene set–based analyses. PRSice-2 is written in C++, with an R script for plotting, and is freely available for download from http://PRSice.info.
De novo genome assembly of the endangered Acer yangbiense, a plant species with extremely small populations endemic to Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Yang Jing , Wariss Hafiz Muhammad , Tao Lidan , Zhang Rengang , Yun Quanzheng , Hollingsworth Peter , Dao Zhiling , Luo Guifen , Guo Huijun , Ma Yongpeng , Sun Weibang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Acer yangbiense is a newly described critically endangered endemic maple tree confined to Yangbi County in Yunnan Province in Southwest China. It was included in a programme for rescuing the most threatened species in China, focusing on “plant species with extremely small populations (PSESP)”.

Findings
We generated 64, 94, and 110 Gb of raw DNA sequences and obtained a chromosome-level genome assembly of A. yangbiense through a combination of Pacific Biosciences Single-molecule Real-time, Illumina HiSeq X, and Hi-C mapping, respectively. The final genome assembly is ~666 Mb, with 13 chromosomes covering ~97% of the genome and scaffold N50 sizes of 45 Mb. Further, BUSCO analysis recovered 95.5% complete BUSCO genes. The total number of repetitive elements account for 68.0% of the A. yangbiense genome. Genome annotation generated 28,320 protein-coding genes, assisted by a combination of prediction and transcriptome sequencing. In addition, a nearly 1:1 orthology ratio of dot plots of longer syntenic blocks revealed a similar evolutionary history between A. yangbiense and grape, indicating that the genome has not undergone a whole-genome duplication event after the core eudicot common hexaploidization.

Conclusion
Here, we report a high-quality de novo genome assembly of A. yangbiense, the first genome for the genus Acer and the family Aceraceae. This will provide fundamental conservation genomics resources, as well as representing a new high-quality reference genome for the economically important Acer lineage and the wider order of Sapindales.
Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain Levels Are Associated With Cortical Hypometabolism in Alzheimer Disease Signature Regions
Authors: Mayeli Mahsa , Mirshahvalad Seyed Mohammad , Aghamollaii Vajiheh , Tafakhori Abbas , Abdolalizadeh Amirhussein , Rahmani Farzaneh ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeurofilament light chain (NFL) has been recently introduced as a biomarker of early dementia. 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) is a proxy for regional hypometabolism in Alzheimer disease (AD). Globally normalized 18F-FDG-PET values and levels of NFL and tau were obtained from 149 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the baseline cohort of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. We adopted a stepwise partial correlation model using plasma NFL, plasma tau, CSF NFL, and regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlc) as main variables, and age, sex, and Alzheimer’s Disease Rating Scale (ADAS) as covariates. Significant regions were entered into a stepwise multiple regression analysis to investigate the independent correlation of each biomarker to baseline regional CMRGlc and its progression in patients with MCI. Higher baseline CSF NFL levels correlated with hypometabolism in bilateral precuneal and posterior cingulate cortex. After correction for age, sex, and ADAS score, plasma NFL levels correlated with hypometabolism in bilateral parahippocampal and middle temporal gyri. Cortical hypometabolism in bilateral parahippocampal gyri and right fusiform and middle temporal gyri was independently predicted by higher baseline plasma NFL levels in a multiple regression model. Plasma NFL promises to be an early biomarker of cortical hypometabolism in MCI and for MCI progression to AD.
Factors associated with work status in chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Stevelink S A M , Fear N T , Hotopf M , Chalder T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Work status in people with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has not been extensively researched.

Aims
To explore occupational outcomes in patients with CFS by socio-demographic, well-being and disease characteristics.

Methods
We assessed cross-sectional data from patients attending a UK specialist CFS treatment service between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2014. The main outcome was self-reported current employment status: currently in employment, temporarily interrupted employment or permanently interrupted employment. Other variables included sex, age, ethnicity, education, marital status, CFS duration, fatigue severity, anxiety, depression, activity limitations and functional impairment. We used multinominal logistic regression models to identify factors associated with current work status.

Results
Two hundred and seventy-nine (55%) patients were currently working, with 83 (16%) reporting temporarily interrupted employment and 146 (29%) stopping work altogether. Factors strongly associated with permanently interrupted employment were older age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.24; 95% CI 2.67–10.28), poorer functioning (AOR 6.41; 95% CI 3.65–11.24) and depressive symptoms (AOR 2.89; 95% CI 1.82–4.58) compared to patients currently working. Higher educated patients (AOR 0.60; 95% CI 0.37–0.97) and being in a relationship (AOR 0.34; 95% CI 0.21–0.54) were associated with being currently employed. Anxiety symptoms were common; 230 patients (45%) met caseness criteria.

Conclusions
Many patients with CFS were not working. This was exacerbated by high levels of depressive symptoms. Health professionals should assess co-morbid mental health conditions and consider treatment options when patients with CFS present themselves. The early involvement of occupational health practitioners is recommended to maximize the chances of maintaining employment.