bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epicurean Dreams
Authors: Tsouna Voula 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMost ancient philosophers accept that dreams have prophetic powers enabling humans to relate somehow to a world beyond their own. The only philosophers known to make a clean and explicit break with that tradition are the Epicureans, beginning with Epicurus himself and reaching his last eminent follower, Diogenes of Oinoanda. They openly reject the idea that dreams mediate between the divine and the human realms, or between the world of the living and the world of the dead. They demystify the phenomenon of dreaming by explaining sleeping and dreaming in terms of their materialistic physical theory. Importantly, they examine dreams and their content from different perspectives and explore their relevance to our lives. The general aim of this paper is to offer a synthetic account of the Epicurean view about dreaming and dreams, advance certain new hypotheses that seem worthy of consideration, and show how Epicurus and his followers integrate dream theory into their philosophy as a whole.
Optimal and/or Efficient Two treatment Crossover Designs for Five Carryover Models
Authors: Gondaliya Jigneshkumar , Divecha Jyoti 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Crossover designs robust to changes in carryover models are useful in clinical trials where the nature of carryover effects is not known in advance. The designs have been characterized for being optimal and efficient under no carryover-, traditional-, and, self and mixed carryover- models, however, ignoring the number of subjects, which has significant impact on both optimality and administrative convenience. In this article, adding two more practical models, the traditional, and, self and mixed carryover models having carryover effect only for the new or test treatment, a 5M algorithm is presented. The 5M algorithm based computer code searches all possible two treatment crossover designs under the five carryover models and list those which are optimal and /or efficient to all the five carryover models. The resultant exhaustive list consists of optimal and/or efficient crossover designs in two, three, and four periods, having 4 to 20 subjects of which 24 designs are new optimal for one of the established carryover models, and 34 designs are optimal for newly added models.
Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of oral administration of garlic extract in the livers of type 1 diabetic rats
Authors: Behrouj Hamid , Ziamajidi Nasrin , Abbasalipourkabir Roghayeh , Goodarzi Mohammad Taghi , Saidijam Massoud 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Liver dysfunction is a predominant complication of diabetes. Herbal remedies such as garlic are commonly used for reducing diabetic complications. In this study the effect of garlic extract on glucose level, liver enzymes activities in the serum and nitric oxide (NO) level, oxidative stress status, and histology in the liver tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetes (type 1) was investigated.

Methods
Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomized and divided into four groups: control rats, diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with garlic, and garlic-treated normal rats. Glucose level and liver enzymes activities were determined by colorimetric assay in the serum. NO levels by Griess method, oxidative stress parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidative status (TOS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by spectrophotometric method, and histopathological examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining method were evaluated in the liver tissues.

Results
Glucose level, liver enzymes activities, MDA, TOS, and NO levels were increased and TAC level decreased significantly in diabetic rats in comparison with control rats (p<0.01); whereas, after oral administration of garlic, glucose level, liver enzymes activities, MDA, TOS, and NO levels were decreased and TAC level increased significantly near to the normal levels (p<0.05).

Conclusion
The results showed the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of garlic in the livers of type 1 diabetic rats.
Calcium(II)-mediated resolution of methyl o-chloromandelate with chiral O,O′-dibenzoyltartaric acid in preparative scale
Authors: Xu Hong-Wu , Wu Li-Huan , Ren Qiang , Liu Cui-Yu , Yan Guan-Qing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe report here the coordination-mediated resolution of methylo-chloromandelate, which is a key intermediate for clopidogrel, in preparative scale. The reaction of CaO, optically pure (2R, 3R)-O,O′-dibenzoyltartaric acid, and methylo-chloromandelate in ethanol solution afforded a mixed-ligands calcium(II) complex that was further purified by stirring of the crystals in hot methanol. Methyl (R)-o-chloromandelate was obtained in good enantiomeric excess value (>99.5%) and yield (71%) by treatment of the complex with acid. At the same time, (2R, 3R)-O,O′-dibenzoyltartaric acid was recovered in 72% yield. In addition, methyl (S)-o-chloromandelate was obtained in good enantiomeric excess value (>99.5%) and yield (73%) by recovery from the mother liquor and resolution with the same procedure for methyl (R)-o-chloromandelate, except that (2S, 3S)-O,O′-dibenzoyltartaric acid was used as the resolving reagent.
Éternel retour et principe dʼéconomie dans la pensée de Nietzsche
Authors: Esmez Laurent 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Eternal recurrence and the principle of economy in Nietzscheʼs thought. This paper explores the place that the principle of parsimony occupies in Nietzscheʼs thought. I argue that the principle of parsimony is one of the criteria that allow Nietzsche to organize the many different interpretations available to us into a hierarchy. The question is whether Nietzsche can justify the use of this principle without making it a petitio principii. Oddly enough, it seems that eternal recurrence has a role to play in this context. The most important problem Nietzsche has to confront is the problem of circularity. Bringing together Nietzsche’s specific conception of truth with the problem of eternal recurrence allows us to recognize that circularity provides for access to a higher density of the real.
Pascal et la „preuve par la force“: L’examen nietzschéen d’une conscience intellectuelle „blessée“
Authors: Lebreton Lucie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Pascal and the „Proof by Power“. Nietzsche’s Examination of a wounded intellectual conscience. This paper sheds new light on Nietzsche’s praise of Pascal’s probity by analysing what the German philosopher calls the „proof by power“. This proof, adopted by Christianity at large, consists in making pleasure and well-being the very criteria of truth and, as such, it represents for Nietzsche a sheer dishonest form of reasoning. When Pascal finally decides to use this proof in the Pensées, he is already conscious of its lack of scientific value and of its dishonesty. Nietzsche thus reveals in Pascal’s thinking the torments of a wounded intellectual conscience, torn between its fidelity to the Christian tradition and its probity inspired by this very piety. In this respect, the famous wager’s argument appears as a testimony of this tension: it is a brilliant but desperate attempt of giving this „proof by power“, which the scientific rigor it is fundamentally lacking.
Overcoming Metametaphysics: Nietzsche and Carnap
Authors: Moreira Felipe G. A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This essay focuses on the similarities between Nietzsche’s and Carnap’s views on metaphysics, without ignoring their obvious differences. The essay argues that Nietzsche and Carnap endorse but interpret differently an overcoming metametaphysics characterized by the conjunction of the following three claims: (O-i) an overcoming of metaphysics ought to be performed; (O-ii) this overcoming is to be performed by adopting a method of linguistic analysis that is suspicious of the metaphysical use of language and that interprets such use through a different use of language which aims to avoid metaphysics; and (O-iii) this overcoming contributes to the political task of resisting “diseased” metaphysical practices and promoting “healthy” non-metaphysical practices.
Der Bildner des Übermenschen und der dithyrambische Künstler: Michelangelo und Wagner in Also sprach Zarathustra
Authors: Vivarelli Vivetta 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The Sculptor of the Overman and the Dithyrambic Artist: Michelangelo and Wagner in Thus Spoke Zarathustra. This paper draws on the work of Mazzino Montinari in order to explore the relations between Nietzsche’s image of Michelangelo and specific elements of Thus Spoke Zarathustra. These elements concern the idea of the overman and the figure which is sleeping in the stone. A biography of Michelangelo by the art historian Herman Grimm, a correspondent of Ralph Waldo Emerson, may be the source of Nietzsche’s reference to a mysterious statue described in the chapter “Of Those who are Sublime”. Moreover, Jacob Burckhardt’s Cicerone may help to explain the relationship between Wagner and the sculptor. One way to understand the context of this image is to return to the fourth Untimely Meditation - Richard Wagner in Bayreuth - in which Nietzsche portrays Wagner as both a sculptor and a dithyrambic artist. Some years later Zarathustra/Nietzsche will himself appear as the sculptor of the overman and as the authentic dithyrambic poet, that is the authentic “musician of the future”.
Fabbisogni e scelte linguistiche nella comunicazione turistica in Italia, con particolare riferimento alla lingua tedesca
Authors: Costa Marcella 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The paper reflects on the linguistic needs in the field of tourism communication in Italy starting from data on the main tourist markets of origin in Italy. After an overview on language choice in the pre-trip stage on national and regional level, it outlines a research project on language contact between German speaking tourists and hosts in Piedmont aiming at enhancing the quality of communication with German as a foreign language for tourism.
Touristische Verkehrssprachen in Dänemark
Authors: Colliander Peter 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
There would appear to be a significant in-balance in favour of English in tourism related areas, as is the case with most social interactions in Denmark which require the use of foreign languages. Even German only plays a peripheral role, which is somewhat surprising considering that German speakers make up the largest percentage of foreign tourists by far. However, the frequency of use of common tourism related languages in general, as well as English, would appear to vary considerably according to Danish region; hence it is worthwhile examining each region individually. Tourism degrees that include a foreign language are briefly addressed.
Quotation as a challenge for feature-driven phases: An argument for Zwart’s merge
Authors: Wiślicki Jan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The present paper discusses the problem of deriving quotational expressions (QEs)–a relatively unexplored field in the generative tradition–in the context of phase theory (PT). QEs are taken to be built within Narrow Syntax. While this fact is empirically well-motivated, it turns out to be conceptually problematic for cyclic derivations driven by feature makeup. Empirical data show that QEs represent a unique mixture of conflicting properties. On the one hand, they must be interpretable as both atomic and not. This extends to two readings of the embedding of enquotation, which are argued to follow from recursive and purely iterative, non-recursive interpretation. On the other hand, having no limits in length and scope, QEs are more challenging for PT than other non-compositional chunks. I argue that these effects unearth an important conceptual contrast. While they pose certain problems for the Minimalist approach, they naturally follow from the account of Narrow Syntax proposed by Jan-Wouter Zwart. In this regard the gap in applicability of each account to the discussed phenomenon sheds new light on the role of features in PT.
1 Samuel 2:13–16 in the Context of Mediterranean Tariff Texts
Authors: Brown-deVost Bronson 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
1Sam 2,13–16 beinhaltet eine Beschreibung religiöser Praktiken in Schilo, die mit den Söhnen Elis, Hofni und Pinchas, verbunden sind. Die kultische Erzählung fügt sich nur schlecht in den umgebenden Text ein und ihre Bedeutung bleibt spekulativ, sowohl in modernen historisch-kritischen Studien als auch in der Textgeschichte des Samuelbuches. Der Vergleich mit phönizischen und griechischen Opferbestimmungen aus der Mitte bis zum Ende des 1. Jt. v. Chr. bietet einen soziolinguistischen Hintergrund, der zum Verständnis der Textpassage beiträgt und einige der Schwierigkeiten dieses Textes löst.
The Form and Function of the Source Citations in 1–2 Kings
Authors: Holland Drew S. 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Angesichts einer disparaten Forschungslage untersucht der Artikel die Form und Funktion der vierunddreißig Zitate mit Informationen über die Monarchien von Israel und Juda, die in 1–2 Könige aus drei Quellen gefunden wurden. Klärend ist ein Blick auf die Verwendung von Quellenzitaten im antiken Mesopotamien und Ägypten sowie die grammatikalische Darstellung der Zitate im Bibeltext.
Reconsidering the Problematic Tripartite Structure of Zephaniah
Authors: Werse Nicholas R. 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zeph 1,18aβ–2,3 und 3,6–8 rahmen die Sprüche gegen die Fremdvölker und geben Zephanja eine dreigliedrige Struktur. Die synchrone Analyse stellt eine Scharnierfunktion dieses Rahmens in der Makrostruktur von Zephanja fest, die diachrone Analyse eine zweistufige Komposition. Die erste Stufe (2,1–3 und 3,6–7) beschreibt die Sprüche gegen die Fremdvölker als eine Warnung für Jerusalem, die zweite Stufe (1,18aβb und 3,8) die Fremdvölker als Objekt göttlichen Zorns in Erwartung der Wiederherstellung Jerusalems. Abschließend untersucht der Artikel die »Bedeutung« der dreigliedrigen Struktur Zephanjas, die die Nationen und Judah in ein gemeinsames Paradigma von Gericht und Wiederherstellung einfügt.
Equally Despised, Equally Despising:
Authors: Зубков Павел Александрович 
Published: November 2018

The growing number of Muslim immigrants in Moscow presents a significant challenge for intergroup relations in an urban context. Among Muscovites, Seventh-day Adventists as a religious minority appear to share a common prejudice against another minority: Muslim immigrants. This study seeks to determine factors that influence negative attitudes of these Adventists toward immigrants and to build a model for prejudice reduction.
The proposed model includes two dependent variables (social distance and prejudice), five moderating variables (symbolic threat, realistic threat, ethnocentrism, stereotypes, and intergroup anxiety), and three independent variables (intergroup contact, in-group identity, and spirituality). Data collected from sixteen churches and 394 respondents were analyzed using AMOS-17 and a structural equation modeling software package.
The study found that spirituality, realistic threat, and intergroup anxiety have a direct effect on prejudice and accounts for 72% of its variance. Realistic threat and prejudice have a direct effect on social distance and explain 41% of its variance. Further, the study found that spirituality, realistic threat, and stereotypes have a direct effect on intergroup anxiety and explain 31% of its variance. It was also found that realistic threat have a direct effect on stereotypes and explain 28% of its variance.
The findings of this study suggest a certain level of negative attitudes expressed by one religious minority toward another; it also suggests spirituality to be the primary means in reducing prejudice among the Seventh-day Adventists toward Muslim immigrants. This study has found realistic threat to have a more significant effect on attitudes of church members than symbolic threat. Likewise, the moderating effect of the emotional factor (intergroup anxiety) has a far greater influence on prejudice and social distance than that of the cognitive factor (stereotypes).
This study could be useful for intergroup-relations researchers, particularly those focusing on relations between religious minority groups. It can also be relevant for Christian leaders in order to educate their churches in cross-cultural communication and cultural diversity.
Городская локальная топонимия как индикатор пространственной самоорганизации общества
Authors: Павлюк Семен Геннадьевич 
Published: November 2018

Локальный топоним — один из индикаторов перцепции пространства, формирования пространственной самоорганизации общества и чувства места. Сам процесс поименования территории превращает абстрактное однородное пространство в конкретное место, наполненное определенным ментальным и социальным смыслом. А знание подобных топонимов и их употребление в быту — своеобразный тест «свой-чужой». В статье анализируются особенности употребления, распространения, генезиса и жизненного цикла городских локальных топонимов1.
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1 Статья подготовлена при поддержке РФФИ (грант No 17-03-00848.
Полевое исследование этнокультурных анклавов в городах США
Authors: Кельман Юлия Фридриховна 
Published: November 2018

Полевые исследования — один из главных методов социально-экономической географии. Во многом научное наследие Л.В. Смирнягина связано именно с полевыми исследованиями, в том числе в американистике. Данная статья посвящена полевым методам в исследовании этнокультурного многообразия в городах США. Сложный состав населения по расово-региональному, этническому и культурному происхождению — одна из фундаментальных особенностей США. Особенно ярко многообразие населения проявляется в крупных городах, главных экономических центрах и магнитах иммиграции. Неоднородность расселения в городском пространстве отражается в наличии так называемых этнических кварталов, ставших привычной чертой многих американских городов.
Полевые методы исследования позволяют выявить подобные образования, этнокультурные анклавы (ЭА), в городской среде, сопоставить их друг с другом по степени визуальной выраженности. В сочетании с анализом статистических и исторических данных об ЭА можно не только дать им комплексную характеристику, но и определить стадию развития и тип района. Статья сочетает в себе разработанные автором теоретические положения, методику полевого исследования ЭА, а также примеры ее применения — комплексные обзоры, кейс-стади по двум этническим районам Нью-Йорка.
Produção de Games nas Aulas de Matemática: Por que não?
Authors: Azevedo Greiton Toledo de , Maltempi Marcus Vinicius , Silva Gene Maria Vieira Lyra , Ribeiro José Pedro Machado 
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho discute os conhecimentos matemáticos construídos pelos alunos do Ensino Fundamental a partir da produção de jogos digitais. Esta iniciativa foi realizada no âmbito do projeto Mattics em uma escola pública da região de Goiânia (GO), orientada por ideias construcionistas e da pesquisa qualitativa. Os resultados obtidos indicam os conhecimentos construídos a partir da mobilização de ideias-conceitos matemáticos ao longo da produção de jogos com o uso de linguagem de programação, evidenciando a importância de uma aprendizagem 'mão na massa', ativa e contextual.
STUDI EKSPLORASI PROGRAM MARKET DAY DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH SERUT, PALBAPANG, BANTUL
Authors: Ayudiana Tista Veris , Widiastuti Anik 
Published: November 2018

STUDI EKSPLORASI PROGRAM MARKET DAY DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH SERUT, PALBAPANG, BANTUL Tista Veris AyudianaAnik WidiastutiJurusan Pendidikan IPS FIS UNYririesdiana@gmail.com, anikwidiastuti@uny.ac.id AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perencanaan program market day yang ada di SD Muhammadiyah Serut, Palbapang, Bantul, (2) pelaksanaan program market day yang ada di SD Muhammadiyah Serut, Palbapang, Bantul, (3) evaluasi program market day yang ada di SD Muhammadiyah Serut, Palbapang, Bantul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah model interaktif Milles dan Huberman. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Perencanaan program market day yang ada di SD Muhammadiyah Serut, Palbapang, Bantul yaitu pembentukan struktur organisasi penanggung jawab kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah bagian kurikulum, dan penanggung jawab di kelas adalah wali kelas. (2) Pelaksanaan program market day yaitu sebagian besar sesuai dengan perencanaan yang dilakukan. Beberapa perubahan yaitu pada internalisasi yang hanya dilakukan pada mata pelajaran Tematik dan Matematika. Aturan dalam market day bertambah yaitu wali kelas harus menunggu saat berlangsung market day. Penilaian dilakukan pada saat market day yaitu penilaian sikap peserta didik. (3) evaluasi pendidikan kewirausahaan yaitu indikator keberhasilan yang digunakan sekolah ini adalah sebagian pelaksanaan market day berjalan sesuai dengan perencanaan.Kata kunci: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, market day
Assigning optimum time period for using evaporation cooling systems in Iraq
Authors: Tawfeek Yasmin Q. , Hussain Hazim H. 
Published: November 2018

Increasing demand on electricity power during summer in Iraq because of increasing averages of temperature reached 47 ºC and continuous to increase and the problems facing Iraq is the increasing in peak load for the electrical system because of using cooling and air-conditioning operated by compressed gases, according it is obliged to search for alternative methods to activate electrical power consumption and one of solutions and processing is using application of cooling by evaporation (evaporation coolers) consumed less electrical and power compared with other cooling devices which provide power of amount (80%) and for what Iraq characterized by climate conditions such as scarcity of relative humidity among the research results, the general average of monthly average of relative humidity in Iraq during the summer season (the study period) for 36 years for the period (1980-2015) not exceeded (42%) as for the general average of the monthly average of temperature for the same period was higher average for it (31 ºC) and for these two elements are the core to identify the cooling efficiency, according Iraq is considered one of the good area to use the evaporation cooling applications, where the general average of monthly average of cooling efficiency for the same period was higher average(51%) and the optimum time period for using the evaporation cooling applications in Iraq in July at Salahdd in city center with monthly efficiency average (60%).
Estilo de vida y estado nutricional del adulto mayor
Authors: Torrejón Mendoza Catherine , Reyna Márquez Elena 
Published: November 2018

El presente trabajo de investigación es de tipo cuantitativo, con diseño descriptivo correlacional. El objetivo fue determinar la relación que existe entre estilo de vida y estado nutricional del adulto mayor de la H.U.P Javier Heraud - Santa. La muestra estuvo constituida por 143 adultos mayores. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron dos instrumentos: la escala de estilo de vida y la tabla de valoración nutricional según índice de masa corporal para el adulto mayor de 60 años a más. El análisis y procesamiento de datos se realizó en el Software SPSS versión 18.0. Se aplicó la prueba estadística de independencia de criterios Chi Cuadrado, con 95% de confianza, para determinar la relación que existe entre las variables, llegándose a las siguientes conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los adultos mayores presentan un estilo de vida no saludable y un menor porcentaje, saludable. En relación al estado nutricional se encontró que menos de la mitad de los adultos mayores presentan estado nutricional normal; más de la cuarta parte, sobrepeso; menos de la quinta parte, delgadez; y más de la décima parte, obesidad. No existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre el estilo de vida y el estado nutricional en el adulto mayor de la H. U. P. “Javier Heraud” del distrito de Santa.