bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of nitrogen compounds on fungal and bacterial contributions to codenitrification in a pasture soil
Authors: Rex David , Clough Timothy J. , Richards Karl G. , Condron Leo M. , de Klein Cecile A. M. , Morales Sergio E. , Lanigan Gary J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRuminant urine patches on grazed grassland are a significant source of agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Of the many biotic and abiotic N2O production mechanisms initiated following urine-urea deposition, codenitrification resulting in the formation of hybrid N2O, is one of the least understood. Codenitrification forms hybrid N2O via biotic N-nitrosation, co-metabolising organic and inorganic N compounds (N substrates) to produce N2O. The objective of this study was to assess the relative significance of different N substrates on codenitrification and to determine the contributions of fungi and bacteria to codenitrification. 15N-labelled ammonium, hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and two amino acids (phenylalanine or glycine) were applied, separately, to sieved soil mesocosms eight days after a simulated urine event, in the absence or presence of bacterial and fungal inhibitors. Soil chemical variables and N2O fluxes were monitored and the codenitrified N2O fluxes determined. Fungal inhibition decreased N2O fluxes by ca. 40% for both amino acid treatments, while bacterial inhibition only decreased the N2O flux of the glycine treatment, by 14%. Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) generated the highest N2O fluxes which declined with either fungal or bacterial inhibition alone, while combined inhibition resulted in a 60% decrease in the N2O flux. All the N substrates examined participated to some extent in codenitrification. Trends for codenitrification under the NH2OH substrate treatment followed those of total N2O fluxes (85.7% of total N2O flux). Codenitrification fluxes under non-NH2OH substrate treatments (0.7–1.2% of total N2O flux) were two orders of magnitude lower, and significant decreases in these treatments only occurred with fungal inhibition in the amino acid substrate treatments. These results demonstrate that in situ studies are required to better understand the dynamics of codenitrification substrates in grazed pasture soils and the associated role that fungi have with respect to codenitrification.
Delayed mite hatching in response to mechanical stimuli simulating egg predation attempts
Authors: Fukuse Kaoru , Yano Shuichi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDelayed or induced hatching in response to predation risk has been reported mainly in aquatic systems, where waterborne cues from predators and injured neighbouring eggs are available. Newly emerged larvae of the terrestrial predatory mite Neoseiulus womersleyi are vulnerable to predation by con- and heterospecific predatory mites, whereas their eggs are not. We examined whether N. womersleyi embryos delay hatching in response to artificial mechanical stimuli that simulates egg predation attempts. When embryos near the hatching stage were artificially stimulated every 5 min for 60 min, most stopped hatching for the duration of the 60-min period, whereas unstimulated embryos did not. Stimulated embryos resumed hatching when the treatment was stopped, and the proportion of hatched stimulated embryos caught up with that of unstimulated embryos within 120 min after stimuli stopped. Since hatching did not stop in response to changes in gravity direction, the effect of direct mechanical stimuli on the eggs was considered a proximate factor in delayed hatching. These results suggest that N. womersleyi embryos recognise immediate predation risk via mechanical stimuli, and delay hatching until the predation risk is reduced.
Dependence of connectivity on geometric distance in brain networks
Authors: Perinelli Alessio , Tabarelli Davide , Miniussi Carlo , Ricci Leonardo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn any network, the dependence of connectivity on physical distance between nodes is a direct consequence of trade-off mechanisms between costs of establishing and sustaining links, processing rates, propagation speed of signals between nodes. Despite its universality, there are still few studies addressing this issue. Here we apply a recently–developed method to infer links between nodes, and possibly subnetwork structures, to determine connectivity strength as a function of physical distance between nodes. The model system we investigate is brain activity reconstructed on the cortex out of magnetoencephalography recordings sampled on a set of healthy subjects in resting state. We found that the dependence of the time scale of observability of a link on its geometric length follows a power–law characterized by an exponent whose extent is inversely proportional to connectivity. Our method provides a new tool to highlight and investigate networks in neuroscience.
Properties of central stars of planetary nebulae with distances in Gaia DR2
Authors: González-Santamaría I. , Manteiga M. , Manchado A. , Ulla A. , Dafonte C. 
Published: September 2019

Context. We have compiled a catalogue of central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPN) with reliable distances and positions obtained from Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) astrometry. Distances derived from parallaxes allow us to analyse the galactic distribution and estimate other parameters such as sizes, kinematical ages, bolometric magnitudes, and luminosities.
Aims. Our objective is to analyse the information regarding distances together with other available literature data about photometric properties, nebular kinematics, and stellar effective temperatures to throw new light on this rapid and rather unknown evolutionary phase. We seek to understand how Gaia distances compare with other indirect methods commonly used and, in particular, with those derived from non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) models; how many planetary nebulae (PNe) populate the Galaxy; and how are they spatially distributed. We also aim to comprehend their intrinsic luminosities, range of physical sizes of the nebulae; how to derive the values for their kinematical ages; and whether those ages are compatible with those derived from evolutionary models.
Methods. We considered all PNe listed in catalogues from different authors and in Hong Kong/AAO/Strasbourg/Hα (HASH) database. By X-matching their positions with Gaia DR2 astrometry we were able to identify 1571 objects in Gaia second archive, for which we assumed distances calculated upon a Bayesian statistical approach. From those objects, we selected a sample of PNe with good quality parallax measurements and distance derivations, we which refer to as our Golden Astrometry PNe sample (GAPN), and obtained literature values of their apparent sizes, radial and expansion velocities, visual magnitudes, interstellar reddening, and effective temperatures.
Results. We found that the distances derived from DR2 parallaxes compare well with previous astrometric derivations of the United States Naval Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope, but that distances inferred from non-LTE model fitting are overestimated and need to be carefully reviewed. From literature apparent sizes, we calculated the physical radii for a subsample of nebulae that we used to derive the so-called kinematical ages, taking into account literature expansion velocities. Luminosities calculated with DR2 distances were combined with literature central stars Teff values in a Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram to infer information on the evolutionary status of the nebulae. We compared their positions with updated evolutionary tracks finding a rather consistent picture. Stars with the smallest associated nebular radii are located in the flat luminosity region of the HR diagram, while those with the largest radii correspond to objects in a later stage, getting dimmer on their way to become a white dwarf. Finally, we commented on the completeness of our catalogue and calculated an approximate value for the total number of PNe in the Galaxy.
Maligne Hyperthermie – Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Johannsen Stephan , Schuster Frank 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie maligne Hyperthermie ist ein heterogenes klinisches Syndrom, bei dem es nach Exposition mit volatilen Anästhetika und/oder dem depolarisierenden Muskelrelaxans Succinylcholin zu einer gesteigerten Stoffwechselaktivität der Skelettmuskulatur mit zum Teil lebensbedrohlichen systemischen Auswirkungen auf Herz-Kreislauf-Funktionen, Körpertemperatur und Säure-Basen-Haushalt kommt. Der Beitrag gibt einen aktuellen Überblick über dieses seltene Krankheitsbild.
Infectious Etiologies of Stroke
Authors: Shulman Julie G. , Cervantes-Arslanian Anna M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) infections are a frequently underappreciated potential etiology of cerebrovascular disease. Highlighted in this review are a selection of infectious agents that lead to cerebrovascular complications through various mechanisms including multifocal vasculopathy, focal infiltrative vasculitis and vasospasm, and direct vessel wall invasion and thrombus formation. Diagnosis of stroke due to underlying CNS infection requires a high index of clinical suspicion and careful consideration of neuroimaging, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid studies in addition to a detailed history and neurologic examination. Prompt and targeted treatment is essential in these conditions, which frequently herald a poor prognosis. Specifically, cerebrovascular complications associated with varicella zoster virus, syphilis, tuberculosis, aspergillosis, and acute bacterial meningitis are addressed here in detail.
Development and Maintenance of a Pleural Disease Service: Role of the “Pleurologist”
Authors: Cameron Kelsey , Teodoro Dana , Kasis Azam , Evison Matthew 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChanges in the health care environment, increasing specialization, and the use of ultrasound have led to pleural diseases being managed by a select few. This article aims to look at the impact of current medical education paradigms, service structure, procedural education and role of the “pleurologist” in providing care to patients with pleural disease.
Malignant Mesothelioma: Has Anything Changed?
Authors: Kim Roger Y. , Sterman Daniel H. , Haas Andrew R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMalignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare cancer associated with asbestos exposure and portends a dismal prognosis. Its worldwide incidence has been increasing, and treatment options are currently suboptimal and noncurative. However, since the turn of the century, several encouraging steps have been made toward improving outcomes for mesothelioma patients. An increased understanding of disease pathophysiology has led to more accurate diagnosis and staging, and the establishment of the standard of care first-line pemetrexed/platin doublet chemotherapy regimen in 2003 initially revolutionized treatment. While significant debate remains regarding the preferred approach to surgical and radiation therapy in the context of multimodal therapy, recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy offer hope for another paradigm shift in the near future. This review will summarize the current clinical approach to diagnosis, staging, and treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Remineralization Potential of a Modified Eggshell–Titanium Composite-Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Onwubu Stanley Chibuzor , Mdluli Phumlane Selby , Singh Shenuka , Bharuth Vishal 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objectives This article reports the remineralization potential of a modified eggshell–titanium dioxide (EB-TiO2) composite in the management of DH.
Materials and Methods The prepared composite was further characterized using different techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field scanning electron microscopy (FSEM) to establish the modification. Forty freshly extracted bovine anterior teeth were used to evaluate the dentin tubule remineralization potential of EB-TiO2. Each tooth was sectioned mesiodistally to obtain dentin blocks. The dentin blocks were subsequently agitated in 4% wt. citric acid for 2 minutes to simulate sensitive tooth. Each dentin block was randomly assigned to five groups, namely Group 1: untreated, Group 2: EB alone, Group 3: EB-TiO2 treated, and Group 4: Colgate Sensitive, and Group 5: Sensodyne treated (n = 8) that were then subjected to remineralization protocol.
Results Both the XRD and FTIR images confirm the surface medication of EB-TiO2. The TEM revealed a nonhomogeneous structure with an average particle size of 65 nm. FSEM further was used to observe the remineralization capabilities of the samples. The FSEM image of the dentin specimens treated with EB-TiO2 shows complete remineralization of the dentin tubules, which remain intact postacidic exposure.
Conclusions This study confirmed that EB-TiO2 composite effectively remineralizes dentin tubules. More so, the composite could be a cheaper and more efficient therapy material in the management of DH.
Nonintubated Uniportal Thoracoscopic Thymectomy with Laryngeal Mask
Authors: Liu Zhengcheng , Yang Rusong , Sun Yang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective To investigate whether laryngeal mask anesthesia had more favorable postoperative outcomes than double-lumen tube intubation anesthesia in uniportal thoracoscopic thymectomy.
Methods Data were collected retrospectively from December 2013 to December 2017. A total of 96 patients with anterior mediastinum mass underwent nonintubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy with laryngeal mask, and 129 patients underwent intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy. A single incision of ∼3 cm was made in an intercostal space along the anterior axillary line. Perioperative outcomes between nonintubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (NU-VATS) and intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (IU-VATS) were compared.
Results In both groups, incision size was kept to a minimum, with a median of 3 cm, and complete thymectomy was performed in all patients. Mean operative time was 61 minutes. The mean lowest SpO2 during operation was not significantly different. However, the mean peak end-tidal carbon dioxide in the NU-VATS group was higher than in the IU-VATS group. Mean chest tube duration in NU-VATS group was 1.9 days. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.5 days, with a range of 1 to 4 days. Time to oral fluid intake in the NU-VATS group was significantly less than in the IU-VATS group (p < 0.01). Several complications were significantly less in the NU-VATS group than in the IU-VATS group, including sore throat, nausea, irritable cough, and urinary retention.
Conclusion Compared with intubated approach, nonintubated uniportal thoracoscopic thymectomy with laryngeal mask is feasible for anterior mediastinum lesion, and patients recovered faster with less complications.
Successful Sleeve Resection as a Marker for Proficiency for Robotic Pulmonary Resection
Authors: Cosgun Tugba , Kaba Erkan , Ayalp Kemal , Toker Alper 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Robot technology is a revolutionary technique to overcome limitations of minimal invasive surgery. The proficiency level varies from study to study. We considered the first sleeve lobectomy as a benchmark procedure to evaluate the proficiency level.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed 197 patients who underwent robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) for primary lung cancer between December 2011 and May 2018. Patients were divided into two groups based on undergoing surgery earlier period (EP) or later period (LP) than the first sleeve lobectomy by RATS (May 25, 2015). The preoperative, operative, and short- and long-term postoperative outcomes were compared. Seven-year survival was also compared between two periods for T1N0 and T2N0 diseases.
Results Preoperative features were similar. The mean operative time was 166.8 ± 55.1 and 142.4 ± 43.9 minutes in EP and LP, respectively (p = 0.005). The mean number of dissected lymph nodes in LP was also significantly higher than that in EP (24.4 ± 9.4 vs. 20.8 ± 10.4, p = 0.035). The complication rate was significantly lower in LP (29/86 vs. 25/111, p = 0.048). The extended resection (ER) rate was significantly higher in LP (p = 0.023). The 7-year survival was comparable in EP and LP in both patients with T1N0 and T2N0 (p = 0.28 and p = 0.11, respectively).
Conclusion Perioperative outcomes, such as duration of surgery, number of dissected lymph nodes, complications, and ERs are favorable in patients who underwent surgeries after the first sleeve resection. The first sleeve lobectomy may be considered as the benchmark procedure for the proficiency level in RATS.
Medial Wedge Opening High Tibial Osteotomy with an Extra Screw Fixation
Authors: Khalifa Ahmed A. , Fadle Amr A. , Alzohiry Mohammad Ali , Elsherif Mohamed Eslam , Refai Omar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMedial wedge opening high tibial osteotomy (MWOHTO) is effective for managing a variety of knee conditions, varus malalignment of the knee, either secondary to osteoarthritis or residual adolescent tibia vara, are among the indications, fixation may be done using different methods (Stables, T-plate, Budu plate, and TomoFix). We are describing our technique of performing (MWOHTO) fixed with titanium T plate supplemented with an extra screw from the lateral side which we call “extra-focal” screw to obtain biplanar fixation which may add to the rotational stability at the osteotomy site.
The (Fab)ulous Destiny of Idarucizumab: Highlighting Its Interference with Urine Protein Immunofixation
Authors: Gendron Nicolas , Flament Héloïse , Litvinova Elena , Ortuno Sofia , Ajzenberg Nadine , Faille Dorothée 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIdarucizumab is a humanized antigen binding fragment (Fab) of a recombinant anti-dabigatran monoclonal antibody (IgG1-kappa) that allows rapid and sustained reversal of dabigatran-induced anticoagulation in case of bleeding or urgent surgery. Herein, we report a very unusual case of dabigatran reversal by idarucizumab in a 79-year-old woman with acute kidney failure admitted to a hospital in a context of hemoptysis. Three repeated injections were necessary because of massive dabigatran overdose and high rebounds of dabigatran plasma concentration. Idarucizumab was found on urine immunofixation up to 6 days after the last injection where it reacted with anti-kappa light chain antibody, but not with anti-gamma heavy chain antibody. Physicians should be aware of the increased half-life of idarucizumab in this context of acute kidney impairment and of its interference with urine immunofixation because it could lead to false-positive results and misdiagnosis of a paraprotein.
Nitrogen assimilation in cassava: implications for carbon metabolism and biomass synthesis
Authors: Siriwat W , Muhardina V , Thammarongtham C , Kalapanulak S , Saithong T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The nitrogen assimilation pathway in cassava was reconstructed by comparative genomics approach to understand the underlying metabolism as well as the interaction between carbon and nitrogen assimilation towards the synthesis of metabolic phenotype. First, theproteins of cassava were annotated via sequence similarity search against genes of 11 template plants obtained from KEGG and PMN databases, employing reciprocal BLASTp(E-value ≤ 1x10−10, identity percentage ≥ 60, and coverage percentage ≥ 80). The template plants comprised well-known plant, starchy crops, nitrogen-fixing crops and crops that are evolutionarily related to cassava and includedArabidopsis thaliana, Oryzasativa, Zea mays, Ricinuscommunis, Solanumtuberosum, Brassica rapa, Cicerarietinum, Jatrophacurcas, Medicagotruncatula, Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max.The pathway was then curatedwith reactions obtained from the CassavaCyc database to ensure full pathway connectivity.It was subsequently validated with cloned sequence of cassava from the GenBank and cassava transcriptome data from literature. The resulting N-assimilation pathway, covering the conversion of nitrate to amino acids (glutamine and glutamate),consists of 14 biochemical reactions corresponding to 59 genes, 73 proteins and 2 transport reactions. At least 92 percent of the identified proteins in the pathway were supported by the transcriptome data. In addition, the proposed N-assimilation pathway contains four additional enzymes, including glutamate synthase, nitrilase, formamidase and carbamoyl phosphate synthasecompared to the existing N-assimilation pathway in CassavaCyc database. Taken together, the N-assimilation pathway herein proposed identified reactions involved in N-assimilation and represents a forward step towards understanding metabolic basis for cassava yield as well as its phenotypic plasticity and adaptation to stress.
Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose from Abaca Pseudo Stem (Musa textile)
Authors: Saragih Sri Wahyuna , Wirjosentono Basuki , Eddyanto  , Meliana Yenny 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
cellulose was extracted from abaca fibre which proceed with different alkalization technique, such as with and without heating treatment. The aim of this research is to extract and characterize the cellulose fibre that obtained from abaca fiber as the alternative of textile fibre. The characterization for the cellulose fibre including FT-IR, SEM, and XRD. The FT-IR spectra showed the heating treatment around 70-80°C can separate the lignin and hemicellulose from the abaca fiber. SEM analysis showed the similar result, the heating process during the alkalization treatment able to separate lignin from the cellulose matrix, that was shown with the smoothest surface of cellulose fibre. Crystallinity degree of the obtained cellulose was 65 and 43% for without and with heating process, respectively.
Inhibitory Power Test of Two Trichoderma Isolates in In Vitro Way Againts Fusarium oxysporum The Cause of Red Chilli Stem Rot
Authors: Wachid A , Sutarman  
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study aims to determine the control power of two isolates of Trichoderma obtained from the forest floor soil to the activity of Fusarium oxysporum pathogen causing stem rotation of red chili plant in vitro. The experiment was arranged in complete randomized design using 3 kinds of treatment of Trichoderma sp., T. harzianum isolate and control (without Trichoderma fungi isolate) tested for its antagonistic ability against pathogen; each treatment was repeated 4 times. The observed variable is pathogen inhibition (%). The observational data were analyzed by using variance followed by 5% HSD test to know the difference between treatments. The results showed that T. harzianum (Tc-Jjr-02 isolate) and Trichoderma sp. (Tc-Pjn-01 isolate) were able to inhibit F. oxysporum pathogens respectively 76.9% and 77.1% at 108 hours after inoculation. Both of these Trichoderma fungal isolates can be developed into biocontrol agents for F. oxysporum.