bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance patterns in urinary E. coli isolates after a change in a single center’s guidelines for uncomplicated cystitis in ambulatory settings
Authors: Ryan Patrick P. , Knepper Bryan C. , Everhart Rachel M. , Price Connie S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecommending nitrofurantoin to treat uncomplicated cystitis was associated with increased nitrofurantoin use from 3.53 to 4.01 prescriptions per 1,000 outpatient visits, but nitrofurantoin resistance in E. coli isolates remained stable at 2%. Concomitant levofloxacin resistance was a significant risk for nitrofurantoin resistance in E. coli isolates (odds ratio [OR], 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–7.17).
ABORTION IN NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS: REFLECTIONS FROM THE UK SUPREME COURT
Authors: Ní Ghráinne Bríd , McMahon Aisling 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOn 7 June 2018, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (UKSCt) issued its decision on, inter alia, whether Northern Ireland's near-total abortion ban was compatible with the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). This article critically assesses the UKSC's treatment of international law in this case. It argues that the UKSCt was justified in finding that Northern Ireland's ban on abortion in cases of rape, incest, and FFA was a violation of Article 8, but that the majority erred in its assessment of Article 3 ECHR and of the relevance of international law more generally.
Application of non-linear mixed models for modelling the quail growth curve for meat and laying
Authors: Santos H. B. , Vieira D. A. , Souza L. P. , Santos A. L. , Santos F. R. , Araujo Neto F. R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe objective of the current paper was to apply mixed models to adjust the growth curve of quail lines for meat and laying hens and present the rates of instantaneous, relative and absolute growth. A database was used with birth weight records up to the 148th day of female quail of the lines for meat and posture. The models evaluated were Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz and the types of residues were constant, combined, proportional and exponential. The Gompertz model with the combined residue presented the best fit. Both strains present a high correlation between the parameters asymptotic weight (A) and average growth rate (k). The two strains presented a different growth profile. However, growth rates allow greater discernment of growth profiles. The meat line presented a higher growth rate (6.95 g/day) than the lineage for laying (3.65 g/day). The relative growth rate was higher for lineage for laying (0.15%) in relation to the lineage for meat (0.13%). The inflection point of both lines is on the first third of the growth curve (up to 15 days). All results suggest that changes in management or nutrition could optimize quail production.
‘I will never be old’: adults with Down syndrome and their parents talk about ageing-related challenges
Authors: Finkelstein Adi , Tenenbaum Ariel , Bachner Yaacov G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe life expectancy of people with Down syndrome (DS) has increased significantly over the last few decades. Consequently, they and their families face new ageing-related challenges, the first signs of which appear in people with DS around the age of 30. The goal of this study was to explore the perceptions of adults with DS regarding their own and their parents’ ageing and end of life, and to examine the views and concerns of the parents regarding the ageing of their children with DS. The unique approach used in our study was to convene not only the ageing people with DS but also their parents, to discuss the subject together. A total of 33 people with DS participated in the study. Most of them were interviewed with one or two parents. Participants with DS found it difficult to talk about their own old age and addressed the issue mainly through the decline in the functioning of an older person they knew. The parents emphasised the changes needed in terms of the official regulations, so as to ensure that their children with DS age with dignity and quality of life. Our study identifies the increasingly pressing need to prepare adults with DS for their own and their parents’ ageing and end of life in a timely manner.
Mood and neural responses to social rejection do not seem to be altered in resilient adolescents with a history of adversity
Authors: Fritz Jessica , Stretton Jason , Askelund Adrian Dahl , Schweizer Susanne , Walsh Nicholas D. , Elzinga Bernet M. , Goodyer Ian M. , Wilkinson Paul O. , van Harmelen Anne-Laura 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChildhood adversity (CA) increases the risk of subsequent mental health problems. Adolescent social support (from family and/or friends) reduces the risk of mental health problems after CA. However, the mechanisms of this effect remain unclear, and we speculate that they are manifested on neurodevelopmental levels. Therefore, we investigated whether family and/or friendship support at ages 14 and 17 function as intermediate variables for the relationship between CA before age 11 and affective or neural responses to social rejection feedback at age 18. We studied 55 adolescents with normative mental health at age 18 (26 with CA and therefore considered “resilient”), from a longitudinal cohort. Participants underwent a Social Feedback Task in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Social rejection feedback activated the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the left anterior insula. CA did not predict affective or neural responses to social rejection at age 18. Yet, CA predicted better friendships at age 14 and age 18, when adolescents with and without CA had comparable mood levels. Thus, adolescents with CA and normative mood levels have more adolescent friendship support and seem to have normal mood and neural responses to social rejection.
Fibromyalgia and dissociative symptoms
Authors: Duarte Juan Manuel , Crow Catherine , Antik Ariel , Appiani Francisco , Caride Alejandro 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome with a controversial etiopathogenesis. Patients with FM usually complain of cognitive symptoms, which are described as “fibrofog.” These cognitive complaints might be caused partially by dissociative disorders (DD). The aim of this research is to determine the association between FM and DD.MethodsThe authors conducted a case-control study for this purpose, integrated by 3 groups: control (C), patients with rheumatic disorders (R), and patients with FM (FM), who were compared through the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES).The findings are as follows: 42% were taking medications in the FM group, and their differences in scores with those who were not under medications were then considered. In terms of the results, the FM group showed higher scores than both C and R groups (p < 0.05). Patients with FM who were taking antidepressants had lower scores than those who were not (Z-score –8.03; p < 0.05); and finally, 5.71% had a score over 30 (χ2 = 3.73, p = 0.15).ConclusionPatients with FM had higher scores, which might be related to the association of dissociative experiences, lifetime trauma, and victimization. Antidepressants might have some role on dissociative symptoms as well.
Predictors of depression relapse and recurrence after cognitive behavioural therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wojnarowski Caroline , Firth Nick , Finegan Megan , Delgadillo Jaime 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground:Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective psychological treatment for major depressive disorder, although some patients experience a return of symptoms after finishing therapy. The ability to predict which individuals are more vulnerable to deterioration would allow for targeted interventions to prevent short-term relapse and longer-term recurrence.Aim:This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of relapse and/or recurrence (RR) after CBT for depression.Method:We reviewed 13 relevant papers, of which a small set of unique samples were eligible for meta-analysis (k= 5,N= 369). Twenty-six predictor variables were identified and grouped into seven categories: residual depressive symptoms; prior episodes of depression; cognitive reactivity; stressful life events; personality factors; clinical and diagnostic factors; demographics.Results:Meta-analyses indicated that residual depressive symptoms (r= 0.34 [0.10, 0.54],p= .01) and prior episodes (r= 0.19 [0.07, 0.30],p= .002) were statistically significant predictors of RR, but cognitive reactivity was not (r= 0.18 [−0.02, 0.36],p= .08). Other variables lacked replicated findings. On average, 33.4% of patients experienced RR after CBT.Conclusions:Patients with the above risk factors could be offered evidence-based continuation-phase interventions to enhance the longer-term effectiveness of CBT.
DSeg: A Dynamic Image Segmentation Program to Extract Backbone Patterns for Filamentous Bacteria and Hyphae Structures
Authors: Zhang Hanqing , Söderholm Niklas , Sandblad Linda , Wiklund Krister , Andersson Magnus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAnalysis of numerous filamentous structures in an image is often limited by the ability of algorithms to accurately segment complex structures or structures within a dense population. It is even more problematic if these structures continuously grow when recording a time-series of images. To overcome these issues we present DSeg; an image analysis program designed to process time-series image data, as well as single images, to segment filamentous structures. The program includes a robust binary level-set algorithm modified to use size constraints, edge intensity, and past information. We verify our algorithms using synthetic data, differential interference contrast images of filamentous prokaryotes, and transmission electron microscopy images of bacterial adhesion fimbriae. DSeg includes automatic segmentation, tools for analysis, and drift correction, and outputs statistical data such as persistence length, growth rate, and growth direction. The program is available atSourceforge.
Subsidies and Investment Promotion Reaching New Heights in the Aviation Sector: The US–Tax Incentives Dispute
Authors: BUZARD KRISTY , DELIMATSIS PANAGIOTIS 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes the most recent WTO Appellate Body (AB) report in a series of disputes between the US and the EU over government support to aircraft manufacturers Boeing and Airbus. The measures under dispute in US–Tax Incentives were investment promotion subsidies provided to Boeing by the State of Washington. The EU contended that the Washington State subsidies, which were conditioned on Boeing locating production of specific parts of its new 777X program within the state, were prohibited import substitution subsidies. The AB took this case as an opportunity to consolidate WTO case-law on import substitution subsidies. It confirmed a single legal standard for export promotion and import substitution subsidies but with a stricter requirement for a finding of a violation in the case of import substitution subsidies. We argue that the AB, in allowing the subsidies to Boeing, unnecessarily blurred the distinction between contingency in law and contingency in fact by ruling that identifying a condition requiring the use of domestic inputs would be a necessary element for a determination of a de facto contingency. This appears to be an unduly formalistic view that leaves little legal space for any de facto contingency claim in the future.
Women Want the Heavens, Men Want the Earth
Authors: Lifshin Uri , Helm Peter J. , Greenberg Jeff , Soenke Melissa , Pyszczynski Tom 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Efforts are being made in the field of medicine to promote the possibility of indefinite life extension (ILE). Past research on attitudes toward ILE technologies showed that women and more religious individuals usually have more negative attitudes toward ILE. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether gender differences in attitude toward indefinite life extension technologies could be explained by religiosity, afterlife beliefs, and general attitudes toward science. In four studies ( N = 5,000), undergraduate participants completed self-report questionnaires measuring their support for life extension as well as religiosity, afterlife beliefs, and attitude toward science (in Study 3). In all studies, men supported ILE more than women, whereas women reported greater belief in an afterlife. The relationship between gender and attitude toward ILE was only partially mediated by religiosity (Studies 2–4) and by attitudes toward science (Study 3).
Discrepancy in the Identification of the Atlantic/Pacific Front in the Central Arctic Ocean: NO Versus Nutrient Relationships
Authors: Alkire Matthew B. , Rember Robert , Polyakov Igor 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFronts in the NO parameter, a semiconservative tracer combining nitrate and dissolved oxygen, and dynamic height were observed in the central East Siberian Sea that distinguished Atlantic and Pacific contributions to the upper halocline of the Amerasian Basin during the summer of 2015. The NO front was aligned with the Transpolar Drift, and its position over the Mendeleyev Ridge indicates that Pacific waters were generally restricted to the Canada Basin and did not spread to the central Arctic. This interpretation lies in contrast to the distribution of Pacific water fractions, calculated using established relationships between nitrate and phosphate, and indicates that traditional tracers used to quantify Pacific water contributions to the Arctic Ocean are no longer accurate.
A Statistical Model for Frequency of Coastal Flooding in Honolulu, Hawaii, During the 21st Century
Authors: Thompson Philip R. , Widlansky Matthew J. , Merrifield Mark A. , Becker Janet M. , Marra John J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe state of Hawaii and city of Honolulu experienced an unprecedented number of minor flooding episodes during 2017 due to the combination of seasonal high tides and record‐high mean sea levels. To quantify the impact of sea level rise on the tendency for flooding events to cluster in future years, we developed a hierarchical statistical model describing the number of days per year for which sea level exceeds a prescribed threshold in Honolulu as a function of annual mean sea level and the amplitude of the highest tides. Based on this model, we generate probabilistic projections of exceedance days per year for the 21st century, which show pronounced inflections in the frequency of exceedance days due to the interaction between sea level rise and long‐period (18.6 year) modulation of tidal amplitude. Analysis of the projections demonstrates how planning for the “typical” future year can substantially underestimate flooding impacts during inevitable severe years that experience many more exceedance days than expected in a probabilistic sense. The projections also show the potential for rapid, subdecadal transitions from occasional to chronic threshold exceedance during the second half of the century, suggesting that implementation of adaptation and mitigation strategies may need to begin prior to the emergence of occasional minor impacts in affected areas.
A New TKE‐Based Parameterization of Atmospheric Turbulence in the Canadian Global and Regional Climate Models
Authors: He Y. , McFarlane N. A. , Monahan A. H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new semi‐empirical turbulence parameterization is presented. Key features of the scheme include representation of turbulent diffusivities in terms of the turbulent kinetic energy that is determined by solving a quasi‐equilibrium form of the equation representing the turbulent kinetic energy budget. The new parameterization is innovative in the treatment of turbulent transfer in stably stratified conditions and the representation of nonlocal contributions to the vertical transport of heat, moisture, and scalar prognostic variables in convectively active boundary layers. A key element in the modeling of turbulence in stably stratified conditions is the formulation of the turbulent Prandtl number based on the results of recently published theoretical, modeling, and observational studies of stratified turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. The new parameterization has been implemented in the CanAM4 single column model. Its performance in comparison with that of the operational CanAM4 turbulence parameterization is documented in terms of selected results from case studies for clear‐sky conditions based on meteorological observations from the KNMI‐mast at Cabauw, Netherlands, and the Second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus case study of stratocumulus‐topped marine boundary layers. The performance of the new and operational schemes is qualitatively similar in clear‐sky conditions in both convective and stable boundary layer regimes. However, they perform differently for the extended simulations for the Second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus case study. The new scheme maintains an elevated stratocumulus layer throughout a 30‐hr simulation, but peak liquid water contents are larger than large eddy simulations.
100‐kyr Paced Climate Change in the Pliocene Warm Period, Southwest Pacific
Authors: Caballero‐Gill R. P. , Herbert T. D. , Dowsett H. J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe mid to late Pliocene (~4.2–2.8 Ma.) represents an experiment in climate sensitivity to orbital pacing in which nearly all continental ice was confined to the Southern Hemisphere. Most studies have emphasized the dominant role of obliquity in determining changes in ice volume and temperature at this time, although most records come from the Northern Hemisphere, instead of the hemisphere where the bulk of ice resided. We present the first orbitally‐resolved, mid to late Pliocene Southern Hemisphere paired records of surface and subsurface variability from two deep ocean archives from the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Sites 594 and 1125). These records indicate dominance of low frequencies centered at ~100 kyr for this time period. Because these signatures extend coherently and synchronously from middepth water properties (δ13C, δ18O of benthic foraminifera), which have their chemistry set in the subantarctic belt, to the surface (alkenone‐derived surface temperature estimates, color reflectance, and magnetic susceptibility), we infer that the fingerprint of the ~100‐kyr cycles must have extended over a large region of the Southern Hemisphere. We propose that nonlinearities in climate response to precessional forcing—most likely through ice sheet and/or carbon cycle behavior—generated the observed low frequency. A review of published mid to late Pliocene time series suggests that the ~100‐kyr pacing may be a widespread phenomenon and that major approximately 100‐kyr excursions in Pliocene climate were an important overlay to the underlying 41‐kyr glacial‐interglacial rhythm. These results caution against uncritical use of existing Pliocene isotopic templates to construct high‐resolution age models.
Counterpropagating interactions of self-focusing Airy beams
Authors: Marsal Nicolas , Wiersma Noémi , Sciamanna Marc , Wolfersberger Delphine 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe study the first experimental collisions of two incoherent self-focused counterpropagating Airy beams in a nonlinear crystal. Their interactions demonstrate that the self-focusing dynamics of the Airy beams can be spatially controlled by the counterpropagating Airy beam. By tuning the misalignment and the size of the beams, we can control the output position of the self-focused Airy beam and switch to multiple outputs. Also the nonlinearity strength enables to engineer the temporal stability of the resulting waveguide structure.
Wirelessly Controlled Implantable System for On-demand and Pulsatile Insulin Administration
Authors: Lee Seung Ho , Ahn Joong Woo , Cho Yong Chan , Kim Se-Na , Lee Cheol , Ku Gi Won , Bin Choy Young , Kim Hee Chan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe propose a wirelessly controlled implantable system for on-demand and pulsatile insulin delivery with a more convenient and safer strategy than currently available strategies. The system is a combined entity of a magnetically driven pump (i.e., an MDP), external control device (i.e., an ECD) and mobile app. The MDP for implantation consists of a plunger, barrel and drug reservoir, where an accurate amount of insulin can be infused in a pulsatile manner only at the time when a magnetic force is applied to actuate the plunger in the barrel. The ECD at the outside body can modulate the MDP actuation with an electromagnet and its control circuit, and this modulation can be wirelessly controlled by the mobile app. As a safety feature, the mobile app is programmed to pre-set the restrictions for the insulin dose and administration schedule to avoid overdose. The system is shown to infuse insulin in a highly reproducible manner, but it does not allow for insulin infusion when the pre-set restrictions are violated. When tested with diabetic rats, the profiles of insulin plasma concentration and blood glucose level are similar to those of animals treated with a subcutaneous injection of the same dose of insulin.
Integrative Genome-Wide Association Studies of eQTL and GWAS Data for Gout Disease Susceptibility
Authors: Lee Meng-tse Gabriel , Hsu Tzu-Chun , Chen Shyr-Chyr , Lee Ya-Chin , Kuo Po-Hsiu , Yang Jenn-Hwai , Chang Hsiu-Hao , Lee Chien-Chang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is a paucity of genome-wide association study on Han Chinese gout patients. We performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis on two Taiwanese cohorts consisting of 758 gout cases and 14166 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. All the participants were recruited from the Taiwan Biobank. For pathway analysis, we applied ICSNPathway (Identify candidate Causal SNPs and Pathways) analysis, and to investigate whether expression-associated genetic variants contribute to gout susceptibility, we systematically integrated lymphoblastoid expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and genome-wide association data of gout using Sherlock, a Bayesian statistical frame-work. In the meta-analysis, we found 4 SNPs that reached genome-wide statistical significance (P < 5.0 × 10−8). These SNPs are in or close to ABCG2, PKD2 and NUDT9 gene on chromosome 4. ICSNPathway analysis identified rs2231142 as the candidate causal SNP, and ABCG2 as the candidate gene. Sherlcok analysis identified three genes, which were significantly associated with the risk of gout (PKD2, NUTD9, and NAP1L5). To conclude, we reported novel susceptible loci for gout that has not been previously addressed in the literature.