bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abrupt X-to-O-wave structural field transition in presence of anomalous dispersion
Authors: Hall Layton A. , Abouraddy Ayman F. 
Published: December 2024

All linear, propagation-invariant, paraxial pulsed beams are spatiotemporally X-shaped (conical waves) in the absence of group-velocity dispersion (GVD) or in the presence of normal GVD. It is known, however, that such conical waves become O-shaped in the presence of anomalous GVD, resulting in a field profile that is circularly symmetric in space and time. To date, experiments generating conical waves in which the wavelength of a high-energy pump laser is tuned across the zero-dispersion wavelength of a nonlinear medium have not revealed the expected X-to-O-wave structural field transition. We report here an unambiguous observation of a fixed-central-wavelength X-to-O-wave structural field transition occurring in linear dispersion-free wave packets in the anomalous GVD regime, without needing to change the sign or magnitude of the GVD. Instead, by tuning the group velocity of a space–time wave packet (STWP) across a threshold value that we call the “escape velocity,” we observe an abrupt transition in the STWP from an O-shaped to an X-shaped spatiotemporal profile. This transition is associated with an abrupt change in the associated spatiotemporal spectrum of the STWP: from closed elliptical spatiotemporal spectra below the escape velocity to open hyperbolic spectra above it. These results may furnish new opportunities for engineering the phase-matching conditions in nonlinear and quantum optics.
Theme as point of departure in English and Spanish academic writing and casual conversation
Authors: Arús-Hita Jorge 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper describes and compares the realisations, functions and interrelations of Theme as point of departure (POD), i.e. Theme stripped of any reference to “what the clause is about”, in two languages — English and Spanish — and two genres — academic writing and casual conversation. The ultimate goal is to find out which POD characteristics are (a) generalisable across both genres and both languages; (b) generalisable across both genres (but language-dependent); (c) generalisable across both languages (but genre-specific); and (d) genre-specific and language-specific. Among other things, the contrastive analysis reveals that POD is highly determined by metafunctional interplay, PODs in casual conversation reflecting the interpersonally-driven nature of this genre and cross-linguistic contrasts reflecting different pressures of interpersonal meaning on textual organisation.
The environment of quoting in Arabic
Authors: Bardi Mohamed Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
When we use language, we normally do not engage in verbal interactions in isolation. So, when studying verbal
exchange, one should expect other activities to be manifested in some ways in the lexicogrammar either at clause simplex or clause
complex level. This article is a link in a chain of articles that set out to investigate different aspects of projection across a
variety of languages. It studies the verbal environment in which verbal projection occurs. It mainly explores explicit and
implicit quoting and reporting strategies and the activities that accompany quoting. It compares some characteristics identified
by Matthiessen and Teruya (2014a) in their investigation of quoting strategies in
English to those that appear in the environment of quoting in Arabic, in addition to exploring some other traits that are proper
to the quoting environment in Arabic.
The role of registerial expertise in texture re-creation in medical translation
Authors: Yue Yan , Fang Jing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article investigates how an important aspect of translators’ registerial expertise — domain-specific
(medical) training and experience — may have consequences for the texture of a specialised translation, i.e. the translations of
the Chinese medicine classic Huang Di Nei Jing. Through a fine-grained analysis of cohesion and coherence, this
study demonstrates that a translator with a higher level of domain-specific expertise tends to produce a translation (i) that is
more lexically explicit and cohesively harmonious, (ii) with a richer semantic variety, more extended cohesive chains and
cross-chain interactions and (iii) having a higher degree of definitiveness. The findings suggest that a translator’s
domain-specific expertise could have measurable consequences for the texture of the target text.
To die is ‘to run (away)’
Authors: Ginevra Riccardo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Proto-Germanic *daw-ja-, the ultimate source of English to die, is here argued to have originally been a polysemous verb meaning ‘to run; to die’, corroborating its current etymological analysis as a reflex of the Proto-Indo-European root *dheu̯- ‘to run’. The proposal is supported by both well-known and previously unnoticed reflexes of the verb *daw-ja-in Gothic, Old Icelandic, and Old English, as well as by further Germanic lexical items and figurative expressions. Further support is provided by a series of semantic parallels in several Indo-European traditions, which, together with the Germanic material, reflect a well-known conceptual metaphor rooted in universal human cognition.
On the periodisation of early North Germanic
Authors: Schalin Johan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article welcomes the recent proposal of Michael Schulte (2024) for a periodisation of early North Germanic, while pointing out problematic premises and criteria for the delimitation of the proposed subperiods. It is argued that in delimiting linguistic periods there is more to gain than lose for the clarity of scholarly argument if preference is given to linguistic rather than graphemic or socio-cultural criteria, even if it means that reconstructed, rather than ambiguously attested features, are given preference. The relevant chapter of a recent book by Nelson Goering (2023) is also reviewed to cast light on the syncope era. Elements and insights are proposed for a periodisation and labelling of early North Germanic suited for discussion on diachronic structural change.
On direct and inverse obstacle scattering problems for biharmonic waves
Authors: Guo Jun , Long Yin , Wu Qinghua , Li Jin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper the direct and inverse scattering problems for impenetrable obstacles in an infinite elastic Kirchhoff–Love two-dimensional plate are considered. By factoring the biharmonic operator, the displacement can be modeled by the Helmholtz equation and anti-Helmholtz equation with coupled boundary conditions. The well-posedness of the direct problem is proved by using a variational approach. The inverse problem consists of recovering the obstacle from the far field pattern of the scattered field at fixed wave number. The theoretical foundation of the linear sampling method is established. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.
Microfluidics in cardiac microphysiological systems: a review
Authors: Park Jiyoon , Zhang John X J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Inspired by the advances in microfabrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs), microphysiological systems (MPSs) capitalized on the fabrication techniques of MEMS technology and pivoted to biomedical applications with select biomaterials and design principles. With the new initiative to refute animal testing and develop valid and reliable alternatives, MPS platforms are in greater demand than ever. This paper will first present the major types of MPSs in the cardiovascular research space, and then review the core design principles of such systems to closely replicate the in vivo physiology. Fabrication methodologies of the platform, as well as technologies that enable patterning and functionalizing scaffolds, and the various sensing modalities that can interface with such MPS platforms, are reviewed and discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of cardiac MPSs in which microfluidics play an important role in the design, fabrication, and sensing modalities, and prospects of how this platform can continue to drive further improvements in cardiovascular research and medicine.
R-matrix analysis of 22Ne(α, n)25Mg and 22Ne(α, γ)26Mg reactions
Authors: Santra Rajkumar , Roy Subinit , Ali Sk Mustak 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The reaction rates of 22Ne(α, n)25Mg and its competing channel 22Ne(α, γ)26Mg control the production of neutron flux for weak s-process nucleosynthesis in low mass asymptotic giant branch stars and in massive stars with M ≥ 10M
⊙. The temperature range of interest for these reactions lies between 0.2 and 0.4 GK. However, the rates of these reactions are poorly constrained at these temperatures due to uncertainties in the nuclear properties of several resonance states in the compound nucleus 26Mg, lying within the Gamow window. The present work reports a full R-matrix evaluation of the 22Ne(α, n)25Mg and 22Ne(α, γ)26Mg reaction rates using updated nuclear data of 26Mg states. Previous rate evaluation by Adsley et al and R-matrix calculations of Wiescher et al were limited by using narrow resonance approximations and omission of the resonances below E

r
= 705 keV, respectively. In this work, the R-matrix fit to the available 22Ne(α, n)25Mg reaction data is performed by including the contributions of previously neglected resonances below E

r
= 705 keV and considering the interference effects. The (α, n) reaction rate from the present R-matrix evaluations is noticeably higher than the narrow resonance approximation calculations in the temperature range 0.1−0.3 GK. In particular, the present (α, n) reaction rate is significantly higher (7.5 − 4.5 times) compared to Adsley et al at 0.2−0.3 GK and ≈2 times greater than Wiescher et al at 0.3 GK. The estimated reaction rate ratio of (α, n) to (α, γ) in the relevant temperature window 0.2−0.8 GK indicates that the production of neutrons for the s-process is more likely than the radiative alpha capture reaction, compared to the previous estimate by Adsley et al.
A planar capacitive sensor for detecting and measuring thickness and depth of oil under ice
Authors: Altrabolsi Mahmoud , Saleh Mahdi , Elhajj Imad H , Asmar Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Detecting and characterizing oil spills in arctic environments is challenging due to the presence of sea ice. Methods based on ground-penetrating radars and acoustic sensors were used in the literature to detect oil in ice-covered waters; however, their implementation is costly, and their capabilities are limited in terms of oil-thickness estimation. To address this problem, we propose a new low-cost sensing system based on a planar capacitive sensor that can detect the presence of oil under ice sheets and measure its thickness and depth. Our proposed sensor is based on movable dual electrodes mounted next to each other on the same sensing plane. The electric field created between the electrodes extends beneath the sensing plane and is affected by the electric properties of the sensed material (ice, oil, or water). Changes in the mutual capacitance of the electrodes are related to changes in the thickness and depth of the embedded oil phase. The capacitance of the sensor is measured at two different excitation frequencies while changing the horizontal separation distance between the electrodes. These measurements are collected to create a dataset for training machine-learning-based classification and regression models to detect the presence of oil and measure its thickness and depth. In comparison with the available sensing techniques, our proposed sensor has several advantages, such as being non-invasive or non-intrusive, simple to manufacture, safe to operate, and having low cost and low maintenance requirements. The experimental evaluation described in this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed system, which showed a very high detection accuracy of more than 90% and an accurate thickness and depth estimation capability with a mean absolute error of around 0.5 cm for thickness and depth estimations for oil thicknesses ranging between 0.5 cm and 8 cm and for oil depths ranging between 2 and 5 cm.
A demonstration experiment to study the properties of standing electromagnetic waves
Authors: Grebenev I V , Kazarin P V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A variant of studying the properties of electromagnetic waves during a lecture demonstration using a Seibt coil is proposed. The article describes the physical foundations necessary to understand the demonstrations and the technical details of the demonstration setup used. Particular attention is paid to the organization of educational activities of students to assimilate the properties of standing electromagnetic waves on the basis of the proposed version of the experimental setup. Since this topic is little covered in the literature available to teachers, the article is offered as a teaching-learning material for teachers of general physics in the study of standing electromagnetic waves. Our experience in using the described demonstration shows a statistically significant increase in the level of assimilation of the properties of the topic under study at the levels of both reproduction and application of the content.
Simple demonstration experiments to promote deeper learning and eliminate students’ misconception about light transmission phenomenon
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Hussain Sujat , Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Experiments that illustrate physics principles or phenomena through real-world examples not only foster scientific thinking skills but are also effective to understand the underlying science and pique students’ interest. In this paper, we report very simple and novel demonstration experiments to understand the difference between direct (or specular) and diffuse transmission of light using plain and chemically etched glass slides. The present demonstration experiments effectively elucidate an important optical property known as transmission haze, which occurs as a result of light scattering. Furthermore, these demonstrations are particularly useful in recognizing and correcting students’ misconception that light absorption causes the object to appear fuzzy and blurry (translucency) when viewed through textured or frosted glass. These low-cost demonstrations teach students about the technological significance of high- and low-haze transmission as well.
Experimental learning on plant-leaf anatomy through electrical conductivity: a multidisciplinary educational inquiry into bio-batteries
Authors: Srivastava Vinit , Sharma Radhika , Vaish Rahul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the electrical conductivity of plant materials as a multidisciplinary educational tool, focusing on the potential of bio-batteries derived from fruits and vegetables. By examining the midrib, veins, lamina, and petiole of radish leaves, the research uncovers key relationships between leaf morphology, nutrient distribution, and electrical resistance. Experimental results reveal an inverse correlation between electrode distance and conductivity, with resistance values increasing from 17 kΩ at 1 cm to 120 kΩ at 6 cm along the midrib. Similar trends were observed in fruits and vegetables, where electrical resistance ranged from 15 Ω (onion) to 150 Ω (ladyfinger). Open circuit voltage measurements highlight significant variation, with Indian gooseberry achieving 0.966 V, onion 0.8 V, and lemon 0.9 V. Compact slices (2 cm × 1 cm × 0.5 cm) of onion stacked in series produced a cumulative output of 3.2 V, sustaining LED illumination for one hour.
The impact of remote labs on acquiring significant learning in engineering students
Authors: Ramírez Antonio , Villamagua Luis , Rivera Richard , Guerrero Reinaldo , Sánchez-Herrera Reyes , Ginestar Damián , Riera Jaime 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, we utilized an experimental and cross-sectional approach to assess the evolution and learning impact of remote labs on the acquisition of meaningful knowledge by engineering students. To accomplish this objective, we automated a device capable of replicating the phenomenon of motion on an inclined plane and incorporated additional features to enable remote control, granting students access to the apparatus. Data for the statistical analysis was collected from a sample of 78 engineering students with similar educational levels and experience, who participated in four stages of the process. Statistical analysis performed through Friedman test strongly points to a positive influence of the remote laboratory in the learning process, in contrast to the use of a traditional one and the conventional theoretical induction. It is important to notice that, in both tests, the significance was less than 0.001, which strongly supports the findings. Satisfaction surveys were applied to the students, whose results showed a high reliability thanks to a Cronbach´s alpha coefficient of 0.9. These results highlight the positive perception of the students about the remote laboratory, compared to other learning models. Moreover, participants were highly satisfied with the integrated pedagogical tool in the class curriculum, valuing its robustness, ease of access, real-time control over main parameters, and user-friendly interface, which facilitated obtaining first-hand experimental data.
Empirical correction decomposition method (ECDM): enhancing accuracy of quantitative measurement in spectral CT
Authors: Wang Chengmin , Wang Zhe , Li Mohan , Liu Yuedong , Zhang Xiaomei , Wei Cunfeng , Wei Long 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. Spectral CT and material decomposition methods are crucial for precise material identification and quantitative composition analysis in preclinical research and clinical diagnosis. The empirical material decomposition method is widely used for its straightforward modeling approach, independence from spectral and detector response knowledge, and operational convenience. However, this method has limited decomposition accuracy and its precision depends on the choice of calibration phantoms. Approach. To address these issues, we propose an empirical correction decomposition method (ECDM). The innovation of this method lies in its ability to conveniently estimate and correct empirical decomposition errors using a specially designed calibration phantom. First, the specially designed calibration phantom for ECDM undergoes empirical decomposition initially to establish the relationship between decomposition errors and decomposition values. Then, ECDM estimates and corrects the error of empirical decomposition values. Main results. In the phantom experiments, ECDM improves the decomposition accuracy of empirical methods, effectively reducing the different decomposition errors caused by four different sizes of calibration phantoms from a maximum of 144% to within 25%. In the mouse experiments, ECDM achieves accurate quantification of contrast agents in biological tissues, outperforming the other two methods. The absolute error percentages of ECDM in the decomposition results of the two standard iodine solutions are both less than 5%. Significance. ECDM significantly improves decomposition accuracy and reduces the impact of the size of the empirical calibration phantom. Overall, our method based on spectral CT is very convenient and practical for the quantitative measurement in biomedical applications.
Whispering gallery mode optical resonators for biological and chemical detection: current practices, future perspectives, and challenges
Authors: Hao Shuang , Su Judith 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sensors are important for a wide variety of applications include medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. Due to their long photon confinement times, whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensors are among the most sensitive sensors currently in existence. We briefly discuss what are WGM sensors, the principles of WGM sensing, and the history of the field, beginning with Mie theory. We discuss recent work in the field on using these WGM resonators as sensors, focusing particularly on biological and chemical sensing applications. We discuss how sensorgrams are acquired and fundamental measurement limits. In addition, we discuss how to interpret binding curves and extract physical parameters such as binding affinity constants. We discuss the controversy surrounding single-molecule detection and discuss hybrid WGM nanoparticle sensors. In addition, we place these sensors in context with others sensing technologies both labeled and label-free. Finally, we discuss what we believe are the most promising applications for these devices, outline remaining challenges, and provide an outlook for the future.
Regulable energy valves for energy harvesting by screw-nut structures
Authors: Li J R , Guo J C , Zhao J , Zhang Z 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Piezoelectric energy harvesting (EH) is very important for environment protection. Here we developed a novel regulable phononic crystals (PnCs) featuring screw-nut structures as an energy valve for EH in wave transmission environment. It is fabricated by additive manufacturing for experimental tests. By regulating the nut of the designed PnCs, the peak output voltage and output electric power of the EH system can be varied in the range of 0.066–2.15 times and 0.004–4.63 times, respectively, compared to the unregulated PnCs. The output performance of the EH system increases as the screw-nut structure is screwed out by guiding the wave transmission, localizing more energy at the defect. The output performance of the EH system significant decrease due to the regulated nut near the defect disrupts the periodicity of the PnCs, preventing the formation of band gap and defect band. Experimental results corroborate the numerical simulations, validating the feasibility of employing screw-nut structures to manipulate output performance. This study offers a regulable solution for adaptive EH systems being capable of responding to varying environmental conditions and energy demands, and provides valuable insights for the design of self-powered devices.
Uncertainty and worst-case expectation analysis for multiphysics QPR simulations
Authors: Putek Piotr , Adrian Simon B , Wenskat Marc , van Rienen Ursula 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Quadrupole resonators (QPRs) serve to characterize superconducting samples. Like any cavity, during operation, they will deviate from the design geometry for various reasons. Those deviations can be static, stemming from manufacturing variations reflected in the manufacturing tolerances, or dynamic, such as electromagnetic radiation pressure (Lorentz detuning) or microphonics. As a result, a QPR’s measurement accuracy and general operation can be severely limited. In particular, during operation, it became evident that the third operating mode of typical QPRs is mainly affected. In this work, by solving the underlying multiphysics problem with random input parameters, we predict the predominant sources of significant measurement bias in surface resistance. On the one hand, we employ the stochastic collocation method compound with the polynomial chaos expansion (PC-SCM) to quantify uncertainties in the physical model governed by a coupled electro-stress-heat problem. On the other hand, we explore the perturbation analysis to calculate the mean-worst-scenario bound of the merit functions due to the first-order truncation of the Taylor expansion around mean parameter values. The developed method allows us to study the effect of a small nonlinear deformation on the performance of the QPR. Finally, we discuss the simulation results and their implication for the operational conditions of the QPRs.