bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refreshable Braille Display System Driven by Accordion‐Fold Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Fan Yangyang , Geng Hui , Wu Huimin , Lv Jiu‐an 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRefreshable Braille display systems offer dynamic tactile approaches for the blind to obtain text information. However, existing refreshable Braille display systems using soft‐actuator‐driven Braille dots exhibit limitations of small strokes, complex mechanical structures, and high‐driving voltages, which inevitably lead to serious issues in safety, flexibility, and portability. To handle these issues, a novel refreshable Braille display system leveraging accordion‐fold liquid crystal elastomer actuators (AF‐LCEAs) is designed and created, which feature high stroke (1.47 mm), simple mechanical structure, and low driving voltage (20 V). The accordion‐fold structure with a high folding ratio of 59.7% not only enables significantly amplifying actuation strokes, but also brings a compact mechanical architecture for Braille dots. The structured‐LCE‐based refreshable Braille display system can be assembled modularly by multiple display units, which provides the capability to deliver rich and complex tactile information. In addition, a digital electro‐control matrix is designed to enable addressable, programmable electro‐actuation of the multiple LCE Braille dots to enable complicated refreshable tactile patterns. The Braille display system offers a versatile approach to engineering refreshable, portable, small‐sized Braille books useful for the blind.
Batrachopolyenes: Volatile Norsteroids from Femoral Scent Glands of Frogs
Authors: Stell Matthew , Melnik Kristina , Schlawis Christian , Fuchs Roman , Vences Miguel , Schäfer Marvin , Rödel Mark‐Oliver , Schulz Stefan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSteroid hormones are C18‐C21‐sterane derivatives, featuring the typical 6–6–6–5 ring system. Here we report on a novel C18‐steroid ring system named batrachane with a contracted A‐ring resulting in a 5–6–6–5 ring arrangement. The isolation, structural elucidation, and total synthesis of three members of the novel batrachopolyene family occurring in the tropical frog genus Odontobatrachus is reported. The batrachopolyenes represent an entirely new collection of volatile steroidal natural products produced by anuran amphibians. Alongside the contracted A‐ring, each member contains a Δ16‐17 double bond but differs in the central belt of the steroidal structure. To create these atypical structural features, syntheses featuring a combination of Breslow radical chain relay chlorination, Favorskii ring contraction, and Clemmensen reduction proved successful. The occurrence of such compounds in another distal anuran group, the Mantellinae, suggests a more widespread distribution of the batrachane‐type compounds among frogs. The new structural steroid type raises questions concerning steroid biosynthesis and reception, as well as distribution in frogs in general and the structures of their hormones.
Engineering Electrolyte Network Structure for Improved Kinetics and Dendrite Suppression in Zn‐S Batteries
Authors: Guo Yinfeng , Zhu Xiaoqing , Zhang Jia , Zhang Tao , Wang Zilong , Shan Minghui , Wang Fei , Cao Changyong Chase , Xu Guiyin , Zhu Meifang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐sulfur batteries (Zn−S) are promising alternatives to conventional lithium‐ion technology due to their high energy density, low cost, and enhanced safety. However, challenges such as slow redox kinetics of sulfur cathode conversion and inadequate anode stability persist. This study demonstrates that by tuning the electrolyte structure with the introduction of propylene glycol methyl ether (PM) as a co‐solvent and ZnI2 as an electrolyte additive, and significant improvements at both electrodes could be achieved. Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the larger polar −OH and C−O−C electron‐donating groups in the PM molecule can donate electrons for the redox reaction of I−/I3−. Its role as a redox mediator improves the reversibility of the sulfur cathodic transformation. Additionally, the dipole moment induced by the hydroxyl groups in PM enhances electron transfer from the zinc anode to the electrolyte and promote the decomposition of anions (OTF−), improving the interfacial stability of the zinc anode. The synergistic effect of PM and the I−/I3− redox mediator pair enables the zinc‐sulfur battery to deliver an impressive capacity of 1456 mAh g−1 and a high energy density of 471.8 Wh kg−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1.
Designing In2S3/FeVO4/CNT Photoelectrode for Enhanced Visible Light Driven Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Garg Nitika , Ganguli Ashok K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of efficient and stable photoelectrodes is essential for the advancement of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water‐splitting technologies, which hold promise for efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER), necessary for sustainable hydrogen production. In this study, the synthesis of a ternary composite, In
S
/FeVO
/CNT has been reported, designed for highly efficient PEC oxygen evolution. The formation of In
S
/FeVO
heterostructure enhances PEC performance significantly due to the type‐II band alignment, which minimizes electron‐hole recombination and improves charge separation. The addition of CNTs further enhances performance by providing conductive pathways that improve electron transport and reduce charge transfer resistance. The resulting In
S
/FeVO
/CNT ternary composite achieves a current density of 14.70 mAcm
at 1.8 V vs. RHE, representing a notable increase in performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that the ternary composite has the lowest charge transfer resistance, while Bode phase analysis indicates a longer carrier lifetime, emphasizing the synergistic effect of heterostructure formation and CNT inclusion. The ternary composite also demonstrates excellent stability and responsiveness during transient photocurrent cycling, maintaining performance under repeated chronoamperometric ON/OFF cycles, making it a strong candidate for water‐splitting applications driven by visible light.
Triflic Anhydride‐Mediated Friedel–Crafts Arylation of Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones
Authors: Yao Zhenying , Tang Zhanyong , Zhao Depeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSince the initial report, the Friedel–Crafts reaction has become a powerful tool to functionalize arenes. Nevertheless, the use of nitrogen heterocycles as electrophiles in Friedel‐Crafts reactions has been less explored. Here, we show a Friedel–Crafts‐like reaction of electron‐rich arenes with quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones, enabling late‐stage C2–H arylation of quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones via triflic anhydride (Tf2O) activation. A series of substrates can be efficiently coupled under mild reaction conditions, affording C(sp3)−C(sp2) coupling product 2‐aryl dihydroquinazolinones that can be further converted into the corresponding quinazolinone in the presence of base. This methodology offers efficient access to 2‐aryl quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and exhibits good functional group compatibility and site selectivity. Mechanistic investigations reveal the formation of highly electrophilic iminium intermediates upon Tf2O activation of quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones, which serve as the key reactive species, enabling the Friedel‐Crafts reaction to proceed efficiently.
Exponential stability of fuzzy systems with actuator saturation based on hybrid control
Authors: Ge Chao , Long Zhipeng , Liu Yajuan , Qu Ping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the exponential stabilization problem of the fuzzy system with time‐varying delay based on actuator saturation and deception attacks. A Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model is used to express nonlinear systems. By combining Lyapunov Krasovskii‐type functionals with the idea of parallel distributed compensation (PDC), the stability of the fuzzy system is analyzed. Two cases are considered: First, impulse and state feedback are control signals; second, as disturbance signals, the impulse signals destroy the stability of the system, and only the state feedback signals play a role. The stability of the system is analyzed by using the Lyapunov method. Several stabilization criteria are obtained in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, two illustrative examples are presented to show the validity of the obtained results.
Preparation, Characterization, and Immune Activity of Viola philippica Polysaccharide PLGA Nanoparticles
Authors: Wei Tiantian , Guo Jinhang , Hong Ancan , He Qiuyue , Chen Jiafa , Ren Zhe , Qin Tao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRecent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Viola philippica polysaccharide (VPP) exhibits a modulating effect on immune activity. However, its utilization has been hampered by its large particle size and complex spatial structure. Polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) copolymer is recognized as an effective drug delivery carrier, exhibiting excellent biochemical properties. In this experiment, VPP was encapsulated with PLGA to form VPP PLGA nanoparticles (VPP–PLGA NPs). The morphological structure and immunomodulatory effects of VPP–PLGA NPs were evaluated. The particle size of VPP–PLGA NPs was reduced compared to VPP, and the optimal preparation conditions were as follows: The ratio of the organic phase to the internal aqueous phase was 8:1, the ratio of the external aqueous phase to the primary emulsion was 7:1, and the concentration of PLGA was 20 mg/mL. Additionally, VPP–PLGA NPs significantly increased the nitric oxide (NO) content, IL‐4, and IFN‐γ levels in RAW264.7 cells, as well as enhanced their phagocytic activity. Furthermore, VPP–PLGA NPs were found to increase NO content and IFN‐γ secretion in bone marrow–derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). These findings suggest that VPP–PLGA NPs could enhance the immune activity and may be utilized as a VPP delivery system for inducing strong immune responses.
Trisodium Citrate‐Assisted Synthesis of Edge‐Abundant Nickel‐Iron Layered Double Hydroxides for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Qu Jiang , Hu Xiao , Deconinck Marielle , Liu Lixiang , Cheng Yapeng , Zhao Ruyan , Wang Mingchao , Zhang Haining , Vaynzof Yana , Schuster Jörg , Cabot Andreu , Leistner Karin , Li Fei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe edges of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) display an exceptionally more efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity than the (001) basal plane as demonstrated by both theoretical calculations and experimental studies. However, a controllable synthesis method of LDHs with abundant edges has yet to be described. Herein, we report a strategy enabling the synthesis of nickel‐iron LDHs with abundant edges (NiFe LDHs‐E) based on the use of citrate anions as the structure‐directing agent. The edge density is characterized using spectroscopy techniques and its OER performance is compared with that of nickel‐iron LDHs with abundant basal planes (NiFe LDHs‐B). In alkaline electrolyte (1 M KOH), NiFe LDHs‐E exhibits excellent OER activity with very low overpotential (235 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and current densities (at η = 320 mV) up to sixfold higher than those of NiFe LDHs‐B. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm the high OER activities ascribed to the abundant side‐plane edges with optimal strength of binding of OER intermediates. Overall, a comprehensive investigation, employing both experimental and computational methodologies, yields new insights to fabricate superior catalysts meticulously designed with specific crystal planes and unveils the crucial structural attributes, thus unleashing the limitless potential of the catalytic domain.
Ligand Engineering Toward Robust Sodium Storage in Self‐Supported Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhou Dan , Ni Jiangfeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries capable of charging and discharging rapidly and durably are eagerly demanded to replace current lithium‐ion batteries. However, large Na+ ions need more space to accommodate them. Metal‐organic frameworks are promising anode materials, and their structure and performance are governed by organic ligands. Herein, we report a ligand engineering to design metal‐organic frameworks with large conjugated naphthalene‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid. Self‐supported arrays of metal‐organic frameworks reveal robust sodium storage when used as a binder‐free anode. The uniquely long and conjugated aromatic ligands endow the metal‐organic frameworks with rich sites to accommodate Na+ ions, thus enabling a high reversible capacity for sodium storage. As a result, such metal‐organic frameworks exhibit a high capacity of 330 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 with remarkable rate capability and cycling performance. This work provides an exciting ligand strategy to design high‐capacity metal‐organic framework materials and would find extensive applications in various energy storage systems.
Research on the Application of Improved BERT‐DPCNN Model in Chinese News Text Classification
Authors: Wang Heda , Zhang Shuyan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces an enhanced BERT‐DPCNN model for the task of Chinese news text classification. The model addresses the common challenge of balancing accuracy and computational efficiency in existing models, especially when dealing with large‐scale, high‐dimensional text data. To tackle this issue, the paper proposes an improved BERT‐DPCNN model that integrates BERT's pre‐trained language model with DPCNN's efficient convolutional structure to capture deep semantic information and key features from the text. Additionally, the paper incorporates the zebra optimization algorithm (ZOA) to dynamically optimize the model's hyperparameters, overcoming the limitations of manual tuning in traditional models. By automatically optimizing hyperparameters such as batch size, learning rate, and the number of filters through ZOA, the model's classification performance is significantly enhanced. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved ZOA‐BERT‐DPCNN model outperforms traditional methods on the THUCNEWS Chinese news dataset, not only verifying its effectiveness in news text classification tasks but also showcasing its potential to enhance classification performance.
Fatigue Detection Based on Blood Volume Pulse Signal and Multi‐Physical Features
Authors: Chen Xiaowen , Lv Jian , Xie Qingsheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFatigue detection holds paramount importance in the timely identification of safety hazards. Nonetheless, prevailing fatigue detection methodologies often overlook the diverse spectrum of fatigue features or temporal cues. To address this lacuna, we introduce fatigue detection based on blood volume pulse signal and multi‐physical features (FDBVPS‐MF). Initially, a non‐invasive technique is employed to extract the blood volume pulse signal (BVPS) from the forehead region, which is subsequently fed into a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) to formulate a fatigue detection model based on BVPS. Concurrently, features such as percentage of eyelid closure (PERCLOS), blink frequency (BF), and maximum closing time (MCT) are computed from eye images, and amalgamated with yawning frequency (YF) derived from mouth images to generate multi‐physical features (MF). MF is then input into the 1D CNN network to construct a fatigue detection model based on MF. Subsequently, employing weights, derived through Adaboosting, a fusion approach is executed to integrate the outputs of the two fatigue detection models, thus facilitating multi‐modal fatigue detection. On the UTA‐RLDD dataset, the proposed FDBVPS‐MF exhibits an accuracy and precision of 88.9% and 88.2%, respectively. Experimental findings substantiate the superior efficacy of FDBVPS‐MF over conventional methodologies.
Seed‐Mediated Synthesis of High Loading PtCo Intermetallic Compounds Enhanced Catalytic Efficacy and Long‐Term Stability for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Cai Leilei , Yang Zuobo , Liu Tingting , Jin Ningjie , Cao Yaqi , Yun Sung Lai Jimmy , Zhang Jie , Zhao Hong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAtomically ordered intermetallic Pt‐based nanoparticles, recognized as advanced electrocatalysts, exhibit superior activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cell cathodes. Nevertheless, the formation of these ordered structures typically necessitates elevated annealing temperatures, which can accelerate particle growth and diminished reactivity. In this study, we synthesized carbon‐supported platinum‐cobalt intermetallic compounds (PtCo‐IMCs) with sub‐4 nm particle sizes and uniform distribution. These catalysts, characterized by high platinum content and exceptional ORR activity, are specifically tailored for heavy‐duty vehicle (HDV) applications. The PtCo‐IMCs exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic performance and durability compared to conventional Pt‐based catalysts, utilizing platinum nanoparticles as nucleation sites to promote growth. This method effectively retained smaller particle sizes while achieving a higher degree of ordering and alloying during high‐temperature annealing. Optimization of the annealing temperature resulted in peak activity and stability at 800 °C. The mass activity (MA) of the PtCo‐800 catalyst was 2.7‐fold and 1.8‐fold that of the commercial Pt/C and disordered PtCo catalysts, respectively. Additionally, the single cell employing the PtCo‐800 catalyst showed a minimal voltage loss of only 27 mV at a current density of 2 A cm−2 after 30,000 cycles of the accelerated durability test (ADT), underscoring its long‐term stability. This work provides an efficient method for the preparation of high loading ORR electrocatalyst with excellent durability.
Electrochemical C−H Hydroxylation and Alkoxylation Reactions
Authors: Wang Huiqiao , Zhang Guangwu , Xu Kun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical C−H hydroxylation and alkoxylation reactions have emerged as sustainable platforms to construct valuable oxygenated compounds such as alcohols, phenols, and ethers. Compared with traditional approaches, these electrochemical strategies not only enhance the atom economy through bypassing the use of chemical oxidants but also unlock new reactivities by accessing reactive intermediates under mild conditions. In this review, we tried to provide an overview of the representative achievements in this field since 2020. The related transformations are classified into five parts according to the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the potential opportunities and challenges within this rapidly emerging field were also discussed. This review is not intended to be exhaustive but rather to illustrate the synthetic potential of electrochemical C−H hydroxylation and alkoxylation strategies in the sustainable and selective assembly of valuable oxygenated compounds.
Single‐cell dissection reveals immunosuppressive F13A1+ macrophage as a hallmark for multiple primary lung cancers
Authors: Yang Chenglin , Qu Jiahao , Wu Jingting , Cai Songhua , Liu Wenyi , Deng Youjun , Meng Yiran , Zheng Liuqing , Zhang Lishen , Wang Li , Guo Xiaotong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing prevalence of multiple primarylung cancers (MPLCs) presents challenges to current diagnostic and clinicalmanagement approaches. However, the molecular mechanisms driving MPLCdevelopment and distinguishing it from solitary primary lung cancers (SPLCs)remain largely unexplored.MethodsWe performed a comparative single‐cell RNAsequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis on tumour and adjacent para‐tumour tissues fromMPLC and SPLC patients to comparatively evaluate their immunological landscapes.Additionally, multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining and independentvalidation datasets were used to confirm findings.ResultsMPLCs and SPLCs share significant similarities in genetic, transcriptomic and immune profiles, suggesting common therapeutic strategies such as EGFR‐TKIs andICIs. Notably, an immunosuppressive macrophage subtype, F13A1+ Macrophage (Mϕ), is specifically enriched in MPLCs. This subtype overexpresses M2 macrophagemarkers and exhibits up‐regulation of SPP1‐CD44/CCL13‐ACKR1 interactions, indicatingits role in shaping the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and promotingtumour growth in MPLCs.ConclusionsThis study unveils shared molecular mechanismsbetween MPLCs and SPLCs, while identifying MPLC‐specific cellular and molecularfeatures, such as the role of F13A1+ macrophages. The findings provide novelinsights into MPLC pathogenesis, supporting the development of targetedtherapeutic strategies.Key points
Comparative scRNA‐seq analysis reveals significant similarities in genetic, transcriptomicand immune profiles between MPLCs and SPLCs.
Identification of a unique immunosuppressive F13A1+ macrophage subtype, preferentially enriched in MPLCs, linked to immune evasion and tumourprogression.
SPP1‐CD44/CCL13‐ACKR1 interactions are crucial in MPLC tumour microenvironment, indicating potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Modelling the Effects of Vegetation Distribution and Density on Hydrological Connectivity and Water Age in a River Delta
Authors: Jean Louis Madoche , Hiatt Matthew 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWater transport timescales (WTTs) quantify how long it takes for water to travel through or remain in a system and are often cast as indicators of ecosystem function and health. Such timescales are known to be affected by vegetation in various environments. We quantify the impact of floodplain vegetation on WTTs within the Wax Lake Delta (WLD), a river delta system in Louisiana, USA, using a high‐resolution Delft3D Flexible Mesh (DFM) model incorporating vegetation‐induced flow resistance. We show that increased vegetation density leads to extended WTTs within vegetated sections of WLD while fostering flow localization and accelerating transport within distributary channels. We find that the presence or absence of floodplain vegetation significantly influences the volumetric flow directed towards the floodplain, with spatial distribution exerting more control than vegetation density. Vegetation density and spatial arrangement have minimal impact on flow directed out of the deltaic floodplain, indicating that vegetation does not constrain flow across the bayward boundary. Furthermore, network‐scale water age distribution remains largely unaffected by vegetation density and spatial arrangement, except for slight modifications in the distribution's right tail. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how vegetation affects deltaic hydrology across scales, highlighting the importance of considering multi‐scale vegetation influences for coastal restoration and management strategies.
HPV‐Associated Head and Neck Second Primary Tumors—A Case Series
Authors: Sharav Shimrit , Horton Joshua D. , Theodossiou Zachary , Turner John , Neskey David , Day Terry 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is limited understanding of head and neck second primary tumors (SPTs) in HPV‐associated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Analogous to the concept of field cancerization of the upper airway known to contribute to the development of smoking‐related head and neck SPTs, this case series reports four cases of HPV‐associated SPTs.MethodsWe reviewed the charts of four patients diagnosed with HPV‐associated oropharyngeal SCC who subsequently developed HPV‐associated SPTs. Clinical data was collected, including demographics, tumor characteristics, time elapsed between the two diagnoses, and treatment type.ResultsThe average age of the patients was 68 years. All of the patients were non‐smokers, and none reported heavy alcohol use. All patients had the first cancer in the oropharynx. The time between the first and second diagnoses ranged from 3 and 12 years.ConclusionHPV has not been previously identified as a risk factor for head and neck SPTs. Given the long period between the first and second cancers and the lack of other risk factors for head and neck cancer, our case series demonstrates HPV‐associated head and neck SPTs.