bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution mapping of epilepsy prevalence, ambulance use, and socioeconomic deprivation in an urban area of Sweden
Authors: Magnusson Carl , Zelano Johan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveGeographic differences in epilepsy prevalence between areas of different socioeconomic standing have been demonstrated in the United Kingdom, but knowledge from other health care systems is scarce. Our objective was to compare epilepsy prevalence and emergency medical service (EMS) assignments for seizures in areas of different socioeconomic standings in the urban area of Gothenburg.MethodsRegister‐based study in Gothenburg (population 690 000), the second largest city in Sweden. Epilepsy cases were identified in the comprehensive national patient register in 2014‐2015. EMS assignments were identified in the EMS dispatch system in 2013‐2018. Socioeconomic variables were mean income and proportion of welfare recipients.ResultsSignificant correlations were seen between epilepsy prevalence and the proportion of welfare recipients (r = .49, P = .0014) and annual income per capita (r = −.42, P = .0071). There were 7907 assignments for seizures during the study years. GPS‐based analysis showed that most assignments occurred in the city center. In addition, several high‐density areas correlated with areas with a high proportion of inhabitants receiving welfare. Correlation analysis showed significant associations between the number of EMS assignments per capita and the proportion of welfare recipients (r = .31, P < .0001) and income (r = −.19, P < .0001). When comparing representative areas, a greater proportion of assignments was given the highest priority in high status areas compared to low status areas, both by the dispatch center and EMS clinicians on scene.SignificanceOur findings that epilepsy prevalence and seizure frequency differ with socioeconomic status on a microgeographic level considerably strengthen the generalizability of previous observations across different health care systems. Differences in priority may reflect health utilization behavior or access to neurologic care.
Sent Spirits, Meaning‐Making, and Agency in Haiti
Authors: Kaiser Bonnie N. , Fils‐Aimé Joseph Reginald 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn Haiti, a “sent spirit” is an experience of misfortune, such as an illness or accident, which is interpreted as intentionally sent by someone supernaturally. Sent spirits are fundamentally social narratives, reflecting links among social inequality, structural violence, and solidarity. This article focuses on the ethnographic stories of two women who experienced the death of a daughter, with one attributing the death to her own inability to care for her daughter, and the other to a sent spirit. A key question is whether these different explanations of misfortune create different possibilities for recourse to action. I explore how, in the context of gangan makout (“shaman with a sack,” free Vodou services), a sent‐spirit attribution created a means of enacting agency following misfortune. However, as contemporary Vodou institutions have shifted to a gangan ason (“shaman with a rattle/bell,” fee‐for‐service) model, sent‐spirit attributions no longer constitute a feasible avenue for enacting agency. Instead, they leave individuals facing new manifestations of structural violence in the form of marketization of rituals for healing and justice that have become out of reach for the poor. However, sent‐spirit narratives continue to perform the work of culture by displacing blame from suffering individuals. [Vodou, agency, structural violence, supernatural, Haiti]
Seasonal variability of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stresses: A synthesis based on carbon fluxes from North American forest ecosystems
Authors: Xu Bing , Arain M. Altaf , Black T. Andrew , Law Beverly E. , Pastorello Gilberto Z. , Chu Housen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractClimate extremes such as heat waves and droughts are projected to occur more frequently with increasing temperature and an intensified hydrological cycle. It is important to understand and quantify how forest carbon fluxes respond to heat and drought stress. In this study, we developed a series of daily indices of sensitivity to heat and drought stress as indicated by air temperature (Ta) and evaporative fraction (EF). Using normalized daily carbon fluxes from the FLUXNET Network for 34 forest sites in North America, the seasonal pattern of sensitivities of net ecosystem productivity (NEP), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) in response toTaand EF anomalies were compared for different forest types. The results showed that warm temperatures in spring had a positive effect on NEP in conifer forests but a negative impact in deciduous forests. GEP in conifer forests increased with higher temperature anomalies in spring but decreased in summer. The drought‐induced decrease in NEP, which mostly occurred in the deciduous forests, was mostly driven by the reduction in GEP. In conifer forests, drought had a similar dampening effect on both GEP and RE, therefore leading to a neutral NEP response. The NEP sensitivity toTaanomalies increased with increasing mean annual temperature. Drier sites were less sensitive to drought stress in summer. Natural forests with older stand age tended to be more resilient to the climate stresses compared to managed younger forests. The results of the Classification and Regression Tree analysis showed that seasons and ecosystem productivity were the most powerful variables in explaining the variation of forest sensitivity to heat and drought stress. Our results implied that the magnitude and direction of carbon flux changes in response to climate extremes are highly dependent on the seasonal dynamics of forests and the timing of the climate extremes.
Urban–rural differences in multimorbidity and associated factors in China and Korea: A population‐based survey study
Authors: Yi Jae Yoon , Kim Hongsoo , Chi Iris 
Published: September 2019

AimTo analyze differences in multimorbidity rates and associated factors between urban and rural regions of Korea and China.MethodsData were drawn from the Gateway to Global Aging Datasets. We describe multimorbidity patterns across rural and urban settings in each of the countries. Multivariate regression was used to identify factors associated with multimorbidity in each of the countries by region.ResultsIn China, 31% of the sample had multimorbidity, with significantly higher proportions in the cities. In Korea, 24% had multimorbidity, with higher proportions in rural areas. However, multivariate analyses showed that rurality was associated with a lower risk of multimorbidity in both countries. Also, although there was significant socioeconomic disparity regarding multimorbidity in both rural and urban China, the disparity was focused around urban areas for Korea.ConclusionsMultimorbidity rates and associated socioeconomic factors varied by country and region. The concentration of socioeconomic disparities associated with multimorbidity in urban regions call to attention the vulnerability of “urban poor” in East Asia against chronic conditions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1157–1164.
Recent historiographical approaches to the process of independence in Argentina
Authors: Di Meglio Gabriel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the last decades, there was a substantial historiographical revision of the revolution of independence in what today is Argentina, which modified the traditional narratives about it. Recent historians have argued it's impossible to study Argentine Independence isolated from its context, as it used to be done. They also showed how independence was not planned or even desired but by very few people before 1810; it was not even the first goal of the majority of the revolutionaries that year. They have also established that there was not an Argentine national identity before the revolution and that it was constructed slowly after independence. And they also proved there was not only a small group of wealthy White men running the process but many other crucial actors as well. This paper examines briefly those statements and considers the revolutionary aspects of the process of independence, according to these recent contributions.
Clinicopathological features of pyloric gland adenomas of the duodenum: a multicentre study of 57 cases
Authors: Miller Gregory C , Kumarasinghe Marian P , Borowsky Jennifer , Choi Won‐Tak , Setia Namrata , Clauditz Till , Gidwani Raja , Sufiyan Wajiha , Lauwers Gregory Y , Brown Ian S 
Published: September 2019

AimsTo determine the clinicopathological features of pyloric gland adenomas (PGA) that arise in the duodenum.Methods and resultsFifty‐seven cases of duodenal PGA were identified and analysed from 56 patients. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. PGA tend to occur in older individuals (median age = 73.5), with a slight female predominance (25 males, 31 females). PGA arise more commonly in the proximal duodenum (68.75% in D1, 25% in D2 and 6.25% in D3) and usually present as mucosal nodules (98.2%) or plaques (1.8%), with a mean size of 14.8 mm. There is associated gastric heterotopia in 22.8% of cases. PGA showing features of high‐grade dysplasia were significantly larger in size than PGA, showing only low‐grade dysplasia (23.1 versus 8.7 mm; P = 0.0001) and more likely to show a tubulovillous rather than a pure tubular architecture (P = 0.025). In our series, 10 of 56 patients had intramucosal or invasive carcinoma associated with the duodenal PGA (17.9%). Three of these carcinomas showed lymph node metastasis. Following definitive treatment, local recurrence occurred in only three patients.ConclusionsDuodenal PGA tend to occur in the proximal duodenum of older individuals. Larger size and tubulovillous architecture correlates with high‐grade dysplasia and associated adenocarcinoma. The low recurrence rate of these lesions would suggest that endoscopic management is appropriate, provided that the lesion can be completely resected.
Exploratory spatial analysis of traffic crashes, road mortality and morbidity in Nigeria
Authors: Akinyemi Yingigba Chioma 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study examined the spatial distribution of road traffic crashes, mortality and morbidity in Nigeria for the period 2007–2017. The influence of exposure, road network and socio‐demographic characteristics on fatalities and injuries was analysed. Data were obtained from Federal Road Safety Corps and Annual Abstract of Statistics. Spatial statistical techniques were employed to determine the pattern of crashes, mortality and morbidity. Ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression models were used to identify significant variables. Crashes and mortality declined by 47.9 per cent and 46.3 per cent respectively, while morbidity increased by 78.6 per cent. Crashes, mortality and morbidity were significantly clustered and high in Niger, Kaduna, FCT, Kogi and Nassarawa States. FCT recorded the highest crashes and injured persons, while Kaduna recorded the highest fatalities. Variables that significantly influenced spatial variation of mortality and morbidity were length of asphaltic concrete, surfaced dressed and earth roads, unemployment and population density. This study shows that type of road is a major factor that contributes to road crash mortality and morbidity. Crash countermeasures such as implementation of safety standards during road construction, speed reduction strategies and enforcement of seat belt use and child restraint should be implemented.
Electrochemical performance of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 oxygen electrode promoted by Ruddlesden‐Popper structured La2NiO4
Authors: Akbari Zohreh , Babaei Alireza 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe effects of introducing La2NiO4 nanocatalyst on the electrochemical performance of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 are investigated under solid oxide electrolysis cell and fuel cell modes, as well as open circuit voltage. Extracted data from impedance spectroscopy are interpreted with the analysis of distribution of relaxation times. La2NiO4 infiltration effectively reduces the activation energy of the oxygen reactions from 1.35 to 0.99 eV. It also changes the rate controlling process of the overall reaction. Polarization behavior of La2NiO4‐infiltrated La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 electrode shows superior performance under electrolysis mode compared to the fuel cell mode. Drastic increase in the size of low frequency arc during anodic current passage in the non‐infiltrated La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 electrode is hampered by infiltration of La2NiO4 nanocatalyst. By applying anodic current on infiltrated La0.8Sr0.2MnO3, no displacement is observed in the position of high frequency peaks in the distribution of relaxation time graphs and only a small increase in height occurs for the low frequency arc. Additionally, La2NiO4‐infiltrated electrode impressively decreases overpotential by 74% compared to the non‐infiltrated one under electrolysis mode at 800°C.
High pressure structuring of pea protein concentrates
Authors: Sim Shaun Y. J. , Karwe Mukund V. , Moraru Carmen I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis work demonstrates the use of high pressure processing (HPP) to induce structural modifications in pea protein concentrates (PPC). Reconstituted PPC with 8–24 g protein /100 g water were subjected to HPP at 250–550 MPa for 15 min, at 20–33°C, or heat treatments at 95°C for 15 min. Structural changes were investigated using dynamic rheology, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and mid‐infrared spectroscopy. Gel formation occurred at 16 g protein /100 g water concentration and 250 MPa for the HPP‐treated samples, and at 12 g protein /100 g water concentration for the heat‐treated samples. Gel strength increased with both pressure level and protein concentration. Heat‐treated samples exhibited greater gel strength than pressure‐treated samples at the same protein concentration. A greater extent of protein denaturation, aggregation, and network formation occurred with increasing pressure level, due to protein tertiary and quaternary conformation changes. Starch granules present in PPC retained their structure and were not gelatinized even at 550 MPa. These findings can be used to create novel pea protein products with interesting structures and superior sensory and nutritional properties.Practical ApplicationsThis work shows that a range of unique pea‐based products, such as puddings or tofu analogs, can be created by low temperature HPP treatment of pea protein concentrates at different pressure levels and protein concentrations. This process has the potential to better preserve the organoleptic and nutritional properties of the final products compared to traditional, heat based processing methods. These findings can be also extended to create other pulse protein products using high pressure processing.
Serine 19 phosphorylation and 14‐3‐3 binding regulate phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase on serine 31 and serine 40
Authors: Ghorbani Sadaf , Szigetvari Peter D. , Haavik Jan , Kleppe Rune 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMultisite phosphorylation and structural flexibility allow for complex regulation of proteins through cellular signaling. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a key enzyme of catecholamine synthesis, is regulated by multiple neuronal signaling pathways through phosphorylation at serine 19 (Ser19), serine 31 (Ser31), and serine 40 (Ser40) located in the flexible, far N‐terminal region of the regulatory domain. Phosphorylated Ser19 (pSer19) provides a binding site for 14‐3‐3 proteins, a family of multi‐target binding adaptor proteins. We hypothesized that pSer19 and 14‐3‐3 binding can regulate access to the Ser31 and Ser40 sites and modulate the dynamics of their phosphorylation state. To avoid complications from upstream signal interactions and have good control of TH‐phosphorylation and 14‐3‐3 binding stoichiometry, we used purified recombinant human TH and 14‐3‐3 dimer types. We found that pSer19 strongly stimulated Ser31 phosphorylation (4.6‐fold), but inhibited pSer31 dephosphorylation (3.4‐fold). Binding of 14‐3‐3ζ counteracted the stimulatory effect of pSer19 on phosphorylation at Ser31, but amplified the effect on its dephosphorylation. In contrast, phosphorylation at Ser19 had moderate effect on pSer40 dephosphorylation, but 14‐3‐3ζ binding inhibited dephosphorylation, an effect that was consistent across different homo‐ and heterodimeric 14‐3‐3s. Additional phosphorylation of Ser31 or Ser40 had little impact on the binding affinity of pSer19 TH to 14‐3‐3s. Mathematical modeling was performed to elucidate possible physiological implications of these observations. We propose a role of Ser19 and 14‐3‐3 proteins as modulators of TH phosphorylation in response to neuronal co‐signaling events. These mechanisms add to our understanding of the multifaceted roles of phosphorylation and adaptor proteins in cellular signaling.
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School‐Based Health Centers as the Pediatric Expanded Medical Home
Authors: Beem Angela A. , Batlivala Carla , Norwood Anne A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐based health centers (SBHCs) provide primary and preventive health services and have been debated as possible medical homes for the pediatric population. The effect of a SBHC as an expanded medical home has yet to be determined.OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this paper was to review the research evaluating the use of SBHCs as a pediatric patient's expanded medical home.METHODSThe databases PubMed and CINAHL were searched for research articles pertaining to the value of using a SBHC as a pediatric medical home.RESULTSSBHCs provide care that is accessible, coordinated, comprehensive, continuous, family‐centered, compassionate, and mildly culturally effective for adolescents.CONCLUSIONSCommunity health systems and primary care providers should partner with SBHCs to establish an expanded medical home and promote greater coordination and continuity of care for adolescents.
Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium in cats following a single intravenous and subcutaneous injection
Authors: Zhang Mei , Yang Fang , Yu Hua‐jie , Kang Tian‐jing , Ding Yong‐hui , Yu Meng‐li , Wang Qian‐kun , Zhu Yuan‐xin , Yang Fan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCeftiofur, a third‐generation cephalosporin antibiotic, is being extensively used by pet doctors in China. In the current study, the detection method was developed for ceftiofur and its metabolites, desfuroylceftiofur (DCE) and desfuroylceftiofur conjugates (DCEC), in feline plasma. Then, the pharmacokinetics studies were performed following one single intravenous and subcutaneous injection of ceftiofur sodium in cats both at 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) (calculated as pure ceftiofur). Ceftiofur, DCE, and DCEC were extracted from plasma samples, then derivatized and further quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The concentrations versus time data were subjected to noncompartmental analysis to obtain the pharmacokinetics parameters. The terminal half‐life (t1/2λz) was calculated as 11.29 ± 1.09 and 10.69 ± 1.31 hr following intravenous and subcutaneous injections, respectively. After intravenous treatment, the total body clearance (Cl) and volume of distribution at steady‐state (VSS) were determined as 14.14 ± 1.09 ml hr‐1 kg‐1 and 241.71 ± 22.40 ml/kg, respectively. After subcutaneous injection, the peak concentration (Cmax; 14.99 ± 2.29 μg/ml) was observed at 4.17 ± 0.41 hr, and the absorption half‐life (t1/2ka) and absolute bioavailability (F) were calculated as 2.83 ± 0.46 hr and 82.95%±9.59%, respectively. The pharmacokinetic profiles of ceftiofur sodium and its related metabolites demonstrated their relatively slow, however, good absorption after subcutaneous administration, poor distribution, and slow elimination in cats. Based on the time of drug concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (T>MIC) calculated in the current study, an intravenous or subcutaneous dose at 5 mg/kg BW of ceftiofur sodium once daily is predicted to be effective for treating feline bacteria with a MIC value of ≤4.0 μg/ml.
Unbalanced species losses and gains lead to non‐linear trajectories as grasslands become forests
Authors: Kimberley Adam , Bullock James M. , Cousins Sara A. O. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractQuestionsRates of plant community shifts after environmental changes depend on how quickly affected species are gained and lost. Understanding how the balance between extinction and colonisation varies over time, and how it is influenced by local and landscape factors, is essential to understanding overall change trajectories. Investigating change requires data at several time steps over sufficient periods, and the paucity of such data represents an important knowledge gap. We ask: (a) how variation over time in the rates of species’ extinction and species’ colonization controls the trajectory of biodiversity change in abandoned semi‐natural grasslands? and (b) can landscape composition and habitat history modify change trajectories by acting independently on groups within plant communities?LocationSweden, Stockholm Archipelago.MethodsWe use data on plant composition, management history and landscape context in former grasslands, abandoned at different points since 1901, in a space‐for‐time analysis, comparing rates of grassland species loss and forest species establishment and investigating resulting biodiversity trajectories.ResultsGrassland species declined steeply in recently abandoned habitats before levelling off, while the accumulation of forest species was linear, with no plateau reached even at the longest time since abandonment. Hence, we observed a trough in biodiversity, with an initial decline in overall species richness followed by a partial recovery. Only forest species gain was enhanced by nearby habitat availability.ConclusionsInformation on community compositional changes over short time periods may be misleading about the extent and even direction of ongoing biodiversity gains and losses. Moreover, the non‐linear changes observed suggest thresholds in time, after which succession to the forest community accelerates and the ability to manage a return to the grassland community diminishes. Accounting for the combined influence of landscape composition and history is key to fully understanding community shifts over time.
Urbanization and the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) in the Pannonian basin, Serbia: nowhere safe?
Authors: Vukov T. , Mirč M. , Tomašević Kolarov N. , Stamenković S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNumerous studies of urban environment impact on wildlife imply urbanization can have both negative and positive effects. Phenotypic variation of pileus in the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) was analysed to determine whether urbanization levels can be associated with developmental instability induced by environmental stress. Pileus developmental pathways and instability in natural, suburban and urban populations were quantified by patterns of size and shape, fluctuating asymmetry (FA), modular organization and integration, allometric trajectories and frequency of phenodeviants. Our results show high asymmetry and modular structure of pileus with the high frequency of phenodeviants for natural, suburban and urban populations indicating elevated developmental instability in all three habitat types. However, some peculiarities were observed comparing habitats – the lowest level of FA and integration in urban populations and unexpectedly high level of FA and frequency of phenodeviants in the natural population. In addition, significant correlations between symmetric and asymmetric shape patterns, and presence of modular organization for all three habitat types suggest that genetic/environmental and developmental parcellation are somewhat aligned. Our results indicate that pileus morphology varies in a complex manner and future studies that link physiological, behavioural and morphological parameters to demographic parameters and fitness are necessary to fully understand how environmental stress affects developmental instability.