bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern spandrels: The roles of genetic drift, gene flow and natural selection in the formation of parallel clines
Authors: Santangelo James S. , Johnson Marc T. J. , Ness Rob W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUrban environments offer the opportunity to study the role of adaptive and non-adaptive evolutionary processes on an unprecedented scale. While the presence of parallel clines in heritable phenotypic traits is often considered strong evidence for the role of natural selection, non-adaptive evolutionary processes can also generate clines, and this may be more likely when traits have a non-additive genetic basis due to epistasis. In this paper, we use spatially-explicit simulations modelled according to the cyanogenesis (HCN) polymorphism in white clover (Trifolium repens) to examine the formation of phenotypic clines along urbanization gradients under varying levels of drift, gene flow and selection. HCN results from an epistatic interaction between two Mendelian-inherited loci. Our results demonstrate that the genetic architecture of this trait makes natural populations susceptible to decreases in HCN frequencies via drift. Gradients in the strength of drift across a landscape resulted in phenotypic clines with lower frequencies of HCN in strongly drifting populations, giving the misleading appearance of deterministic adaptive changes in the phenotype. Studies of heritable phenotypic change in urban populations should generate null models of phenotypic evolution based on the genetic architecture underlying focal traits prior to invoking selection’s role in generating adaptive differentiation.
Identification and characterization of a transporter complex responsible for the cytosolic entry of nitrogen-containing-bisphosphonates
Authors: Yu Zhou , Surface Lauren E. , Park Chong Yon , Horlbeck Max A. , Wyant Gregory A. , Abu-Remaileh Monther , Peterson Timothy R. , Sabatini David M. , Weissman Jonathan S. , O’Shea Erin K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNitrogen-containing-bisphosphonates (N-BPs) are a class of drugs widely prescribed to treat osteoporosis and other bone-related diseases. Although previous studies have established that N-BPs function by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway in osteoclasts, the mechanism by which N-BPs enter the cytosol from the extracellular space to reach their molecular target is not understood. Here we implemented a CRISPRi-mediated genome-wide screen and identifiedSLC37A3(solute carrier family 37 member A3) as a gene required for the action of N-BPs. We observed that SLC37A3 forms a complex with ATRAID (all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation factor), a previously identified genetic target of N-BPs. SLC37A3 and ATRAID localize to lysosomes and are required for releasing N-BP molecules that have trafficked to lysosomes through fluid-phase endocytosis into the cytosol. Our results elucidate the route by which N-BPs are delivered to their molecular target, addressing a key aspect of the mechanism of action of N-BPs that may have significant clinical relevance.
Sexual reproduction in the fungal foliar pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici is driven by antagonistic density-dependence mechanisms
Authors: Suffert Frédéric , Delestre Ghislain , Gélisse Sandrine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study provides empirical evidence for antagonistic density-dependence mechanisms driving sexual reproduction in the wheat fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. Biparental crosses with 12 increasing inoculum concentrations, in controlled conditions, showed that sexual reproduction in Z. tritici was impacted by an Allee effect due to mate limitation and a competition with asexual multiplication for resource allocation. We found that asexual multiplication was itself affected by competition for host resources between the two parental isolates, as illustrated by the decrease in asexual fruiting body density and sporulation intensity observed with increasing lesion density. Consistent with these results for controlled co-inoculation, we found that the intensity of sexual reproduction varied with both cropping period and the vertical position of the host tissues in the field. An optimal lesion density maximizing offspring (ascospores) number was established, and its eco-evolutionary consequences are considered here. Two ecological mechanisms may be involved: competition for resources between the two modes of reproduction (decrease in the host resources available for sexual reproduction due to their prior use in asexual multiplication), and competitive disequilibrium between the two parental isolates, due to differential interaction dynamics with the host, for example, leading to an imbalance between mating types. Conceptual models based on these results suggest that sexual reproduction plays a key role in the evolution of pathogenicity traits, including virulence and aggressiveness. Ecological knowledge about the determinants of sexual reproduction in Z. tritici may, therefore, open up new perspectives for the management of other fungal foliar pathogens with dual modes of reproduction.
I’ll do whatever I want … who are you to prohibit me? A tattle tale of workplace deviance
Authors: Mohammad Jihad , Quoquab Farzana , Bt Rashid Norsyila , Bt Rashid Nur Azlina , Bt Osman Fazilah , Hamka Wan Shamsudin Wan Muhammad 
Published: March 2018

Subject area
This case can be used in teaching business ethics, organizational behaviour and human resource management. More specifically, romance in the workplace, discrimination, absenteeism, sneaking and cyberloafing in the workplace.

Study level/applicability
This case can be used for both undergraduate and postgraduate students particularly for business ethics, organizational behaviour, human resource management and leadership courses. Students/participants are challenged to identify the major issue in the case and help the decision maker to make a decision.

Case overview
This case demonstrates the unethical behaviour of Natacha and Noman Ali. Natacha refused to comply with the company’s code of conduct and breached the company’s rules and regulations. Natacha used the company’s resources to carry out her personal business and also cheated on her attendance records, and the Director of Enforcement and the Inspectorate Division, Noman, continued to back and support her. Madam Siti Hajar had consulted and advised her many times, but Natacha did not pay attention to her advice. Madam Siti was in a dilemma: whether to report this unethical situation to the top management or to tolerate this situation and remain silent.

Expected learning outcomes
Expected learning outcomes are as follows: to identify and describe major issues related to workplace unethical behaviour; to provide examples of the concepts of commitment, dedication, fairness, discrimination and ethical leadership; to identify and analyse individual and organizational factors that may affect individuals’ unethical behaviour; to instruct students of the scientific methods involved in making decisions; and. to help students to think thoroughly, deeply and critically to make decisions that can solve the problem at hand.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
Employability, work placements, and outward mobility: views from England and Germany
Authors: Fowlie Julie , Forder Clare 
Published: March 2018

PurposeA central role of UK higher education institutes is preparing graduates for the global economy. However, UK outward mobility targets for students set in 2017 remain lower than the original set by the Bologna Process in 1999; with other European countries achieving substantially higher outward mobility. Research in this field concentrates primarily on studying abroad, prompting exploration of the work placement context. The purpose of this paper is to examine employability and outward mobility in the context of the perceived reluctance of UK students to undertake work placements abroad.Design/methodology/approachThe views of undergraduate business management students at the Brighton Business School were compared with those of German students studying at the Goethe University in Frankfurt. Staff from Brighton Business School and other UK universities were also surveyed to gather data on attitudes towards work placements abroad.FindingsStudents from Brighton and Frankfurt displayed similar barriers to going abroad but were motivated by different drivers. The difference in these drivers is further echoed in the variations of their definitions of “employability”. The research also found that lack of staff awareness or interest in placements abroad could negatively affect the students’ decisions about going abroad.Research limitations/implicationsA small-scale study such as this presents only indicative findings. Further research is necessary to explore its implications in more depth.Originality/valueThe research provides more scope to the existing literature on outward mobility by addressing work placements rather than typically focusing on studying abroad. It adds value to the debate by examining placements and mobility through two different cultural lenses.
Freedom of conscience: a benefit to health care worker and patient alike
Authors: Kiska Roger 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the appropriate legal balance and framework whereby issues of health care, patient access and rights of conscience can be best accommodated.

Design/methodology/approach
A review of existing case law, statutes and conscience clauses as applied to the philosophical debate surrounding conscience in health care.

Findings
Freedom of conscience is strongly anchored in British law and policy. Practice within the health care industry, however, has been slow and resistant to rights of conscience. Respecting the right of health care workers to exercise that right, benefits the health care industry at large, and patients themselves.

Originality/value
This debate, particularly since the so-called “Scottish mid-wives case” and the recent General Pharmaceutical Council consultation on religion and personal values, has come to the forefront of bio-ethical discourse in recent months. As such, this treatment provides a valuable legal tool to answering the various positions involved in the debate.
Investigation of sustainability of lubricated journal bearing under relevant design parameters
Authors: Shahin M.M. , Chowdhury Mohammad Asaduzzaman , Kowser Md. Arefin , Debnath Uttam Kumar , Monir M.H. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purposes of the present study are to ensure higher sustainability of journal bearings under different applied loads and to observe bearing performances such as elastic strain, total deformation and stress formation.

Design/methodology/approach
A journal bearing test rig was used to determine the effect of the applied load on the bearing friction, film thickness, lubricant film pressure, etc. A steady-state analysis was performed to obtain the bearing performance.

Findings
An efficient aspect ratio (L/D) range was obtained to increase the durability or the stability of the bearing while the bearing is in the working condition by using SAE 5W-30 oil. The results from the study were compared with previous studies in which different types of oil and water, such as Newtonian fluid (NF), magnetorheological fluid (MRF) and nonmagnetorheological fluid (NMRF), were used as the lubricant. To ensure a preferable aspect ratio range (0.25-0.50), a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted by ANSYS; the results show a lower elastic strain and deformation within the preferable aspect ratio (0.25-0.50) rather than a higher aspect ratio using the SAE 5W-30 oil.

Originality/value
It is expected that the findings of this study will contribute to the improvement of the bearing design and the bearing lubricating system.
Study the formation of mechanically mixed layer and subsurface behavior of worn-out surfaces of aged hybrid metal matrix composites
Authors: B.M. Viswanatha , Prasanna Kumar M. , Basavarajappa S. , Kiran T.S. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the wear behaviors of aged metal matrix composites and of the as-cast Al-Si alloy by using a pin-on-disk wear testing machine at room temperature.

Design/methodology/approach
Hypoeutectic (Al-7Si) alloy reinforced with low volume fractions of SiC particles (SiCp) and graphite (Gr) particles were prepared by the stir-casting process. It was found that the addition of 9 Wt.% of SiCp and 3 Wt.% of Gr particles conferred a beneficial effect in reducing the wear rate of the composites.

Findings
The worn-out surfaces of the specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the extensive micro cracking occurs on the surface of the Al-7Si alloy tested at lower loads. The growth of these microcracks finally led to the delamination of the base alloy surface. The reinforcements (SiCp and Gr) particles tended to reduce the extent of plastic deformation in the surface layer, thereby reducing extensively the occurrence of micro cracking in the composites.

Originality/value
From the results, it is revealed that the quantity of wear rate was less for aged specimens compared to the as-cast specimens. The worn-out surfaces were studied using electron dispersive spectroscopy, and wear debris was analyzed using SEM.
Estimation of rolling friction coefficients in a tribosystem using optical measurements
Authors: Li Yiling , Xi Yinhu , Shi Yijun 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present a method to measure the rolling friction coefficient in an easy and fast way. The aim is also to measure the rolling friction coefficient between a small steel ball and a cylindrical aluminum surface.

Design/methodology/approach
An analytical model of the tribosystem of a freely rolling ball and a cylindrical surface is established. The rolling friction coefficient is evaluated from images recorded by a high-speed camera. The coefficient between a 1.58-mm diameter steel ball and a cylindrical aluminum surface is measured. A background subtraction algorithm is used to determine the position of the small steel ball.

Findings
The angular positions of the ball are predicted using the analytical model, and a good agreement is found between the experimental and theoretical results.

Originality/value
An optical method for evaluating the rolling friction coefficient is presented, and the value of this coefficient between a small steel ball and a cylindrical aluminum surface is evaluated.
A study of dynamic behaviors of contact pair in lubricated ball linear guide
Authors: Li Linlin , Yang Jiajun 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to predict the dynamic behaviors of contact between the steel ball and raceway in the elastohydrodynamically lubricated ball linear guide, thus providing a guidance for lubrication design for ball linear guide.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the point contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) theory, the free vibration model of contact pair is presented to qualitatively analyze the effect of vibration on the film characteristics. The models of the film stiffness and damping coefficient under the EHL condition are built to investigate the effects of the working conditions on the dynamic parameters. The full numerical solutions are obtained using the multigrid technique.

Findings
It is found that there exists damping from the decay of oscillations of the pressure and film thickness in the lubricated ball linear guide. Furthermore, the working conditions of the high load or low velocity can lead to the increase in the film stiffness in the steel ball-raceway contact, but there is a reverse variation trend for the film damping coefficient.

Originality/value
The contact pair has been usually treated as dry in past studies on dynamics of the ball linear guide, and the damping is neglected. This research considers the actual lubrication and working conditions and predicts the dynamic behaviors of contact pair.
Microstructure and friction-wear performances of cathodic arc ion plated TiAlSiCN coatings on YT14 cemented carbide cutting tools
Authors: Jun Kong de , Donghui Zhang 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop a TiAlSiCN coating with high bonding and hardness, ultra-low friction and good lubrication characteristics, which provided an experimental basis for the surface modification of YT14 cemented carbide cutting tools.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, a TiAlSiCN coating was deposited on YT14 cemented carbide cutting tool through cathodic arc ion plating. The surface-interface morphologies, distributions of chemical elements, phases, bonding energy and surface roughness were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively, and the coating the bonding strength were quantitatively characterized with a scratch.

Findings
The average COFs of the TiAlSiCN coating at 700°C, 800°C and 900°C were 0.68, 0.57 and 0.38, respectively, showing that the TiAlSiCN coating was an effective lubricant at a high temperature, and the wear rate of the coating increases with wear temperature. After wearing at 700°C, 800°C and 900°C, the Ti, Si and N elements form atom-poor regions, while Al forms an atom-rich region, showing that the oxides of Ti, Al and Si are formed to improve the wear resistance of the coating. The wear mechanism of TiAlSiCN coating at high temperatures was composed of abrasive wear and oxidation wear.

Originality/value
The friction-wear behaviors of TiAlSiN coating were investigated using an HT-1000-type high-temperature friction wear tester, and the worn tracks on the coatings were analyzed using an EDS plane scan, thus obtaining the wear mechanism of TiAlSiN coating.
Piston skirt friction loss and dynamic analyses based on FEM method
Authors: He Zhenpeng 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The analysis carried out in this study can provide guidance for manufacturers and researchers to design a piston for the development of engines.

Design/methodology/approach
Running conditions for pistons have become very severe because of the high combustion pressure and increase in piston temperature in the past 10 years. The precision of the model has a great effect on the power transmission, vibration noise emission. In this paper, the model was established with lubrication and dynamic governing equations, which were solved using finite element method coupled with Runge–Kutta method. A piston of an inline six-cylinder engine was studied, and some structural parameters were used to investigate its effect on the friction loss with lubrication and dynamic motion theory.

Findings
Based on the analyses, the effect of the friction load at the oil groove and thermal deformation of piston skirt were added to the model, and some useful information about the friction loss and dynamic characteristics were compared.

Originality/value
All the results will provide guidance for the development of the piston and reduction in the friction loss and wear.
Low friction states for thin solid lubricant film of MoS2
Authors: Chu Kwang-Hua R. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
During the operation of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), any mechanical disturbance such as stick-slip may cause quenching of superconducting (SC) coils. The friction behavior of MoS2 lubrication (thin film) for narrow support elements between the SC coils in W7-X is rather important, as there is a design requirement for a coefficient of friction (COF) 0.05 between the sliding surfaces to control the stress contribution (from friction).

Design/methodology/approach
The author has carried out intensive calibrations or verifications using verified models considering previous friction tests on various samples which measured the COF in 4.2 K, 77 K and room temperature conditions (at high vacuum) to simulate the actual working condition.

Findings
The author has given useful explanations and diagnosis for previous anomalous scattered data. To improve the performance of MoS2, the author has predicted its better COF (0.002 via tuning of the activation volume), which could be a superlubricating state for MoS2 thin films considering the long-term operation requirement W7-X.

Originality/value
In this paper, the author has adopted Eyring’s approach to predict the low COF (0.002 via tuning of the activation volume), which could be a superlubricating state for MoS2 thin films considering the long-term operation requirement W7-X. Finally, some recent progresses about the possible few-layer MoS2 role in the electromagnetic loads have been provided.
The impact of mixed eWOM sequence on brand attitude change: cross-cultural differences
Authors: Park Hyun Hee , Jeon Jung Ok 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Despite the importance of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in e-commerce transactions on the global market, there is still limited understanding about the effect of eWOM sequence and its psychological mechanism in cross-cultural settings. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the differences in brand attitude changes according to the eWOM sequence, as well as cross-culturally, based on thinking styles. Furthermore, the authors examine the moderated mediation effect of perceived cognition congruency across cultures to explain its underlying mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a 2 (eWOM sequence: positive/negative, negative/positive) × 2(culture: East (South Korea), West (USA)) factorial design. Perceived cognition congruency is measured as a within-group variable.

Findings
First, brand attitude changes in the West (USA) for the negative/positive presentation order are significantly larger than for the positive/negative presentation order, while, in the East (South Korea), no significant differences exist. Second, in the Westerner group (analytical thinking style), the perceived cognition congruency shows a significant difference according to the eWOM sequence, whereas in the Easterner group (holistic thinking style), the perceived cognition congruency does not show a significant difference according to the eWOM sequence.

Practical implications
As such, a strategic interpretation of the mixed eWOM presentation order across cultures is needed. In the West, interest and attention are necessary for the eWOM sequence. However, in the East, a different strategic approach, except for the presentation order of mixed eWOM, is required. The other elements of the mixed eWOM, such as attribute type or intensity of negative information, need to be considered for mixed eWOM management.

Originality/value
This study expands the existing body of knowledge on the sequence effect of mixed eWOM. Furthermore, it provides strategic direction and practical implications for mixed eWOM-driven information management, focusing on sequence in cross-cultural settings.