bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MONTHLY ALL-CAUSE AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY AS AN INDICATOR OF THE PROCESS OF HEALTHCARE IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN VARIOUS DISTRICTS OF TATARSTAN REPUBLIC
Authors: Kamalova F. M. , Nigmatullina N. A. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To reveal the specifics of monthly dynamics of the all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, depending on gender and on the administrative district settlement (ADS).Material and methods. The lethal cases assessed, by the state registries, in three ADS, different by social and economical levels, abilities of medical institutions and life style of the rural inhabitants in the years 2000-2002 and 2009-2011. The methods that were applied: statistical, sociological, analytic, comparative.Results. Within a 10-year period, mean annual mortality from all causes in ADS1 decreased 21,0%, in ADS2 increased 0,2%, in ADS3 increased 5,4%. It is important to note the statistical significance (p<0,05) of the differences in mean annual mortality from all causes in men and women in ADS2 during the first, and in ADS3 during both periods of the study. With the similarity of monthly all-cause mortality in rural settlements, there is differentiation by sex and ADS. Excessive mortality increased the mortality to 4,0 promille. Economical disadvantage from premature mortality was minimal in ADS1 at the background of comparably maximal mean person gross territory product and most healthy rural inhabitants.Conclusion. Significant differences in mortality of rural inhabitants are proved by gender and administrative district type of settlements; economical disadvantages are associated with social and economic level of the territory development, life style of the rural inhabitants, and in dynamics there is similarity and difference in monthly parameters of rural inhabitants mortality makes it plausible to regard them as in indicator of the healthcare processes in rural settlements.
THE RELATION OF SMOKING AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND ITS RISK FACTORS (ESSE-RF IN KEMEROVSKAYA REGION)
Authors: Maximov S. A. , Tsygankova D. P. , Artamonova G. V. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. Analysis of the relation of smoking and alcohol consumption with coronary heart disease (CHD) and its main risk factors (RF).Material and methods. The data analyzed, from the multicenter epidemiological study ESSE-RF (Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in Russia) in Kemerovaskaya region, on the random sample of male and female inhabitants of 25-64 y.o. (n=1628). With the interview method, data gathered on alcohol consumption and smoking status of the participants, as on their social level, anamnesis, presence of angina pectoris. During medical investigation the values of lipid profile were obtained, weight and height, blood pressure and electrocardiography. The assessment of relation of smoking and alcohol with CHD and its RF was done with the logistic regression.Results. After correction for the modifying RF, most adverse associations were found in the heaviest drinkers regardless smoking: high significant risks of triglyceridemia — odds ratio (OR) is 2,46-4,59, and CHD — OR 3,023,89, as the tendency for statistical significance of hypercholestrolemia. In smokers and heavy alcohol consumers there is tendency to hypertension and diabetes risk. In smokers nonand moderate drinkers there are tendencies for higher hypertension risk, as of higher triglycerides and CHD risk. The category smokers/non-drinkers is characterized by the highest among others significant risk of CHD (OR 9,05). Among all studied groups, the best position hold non-smokers/moderate drinkers, who present with the risks of CHD and RF similar to reference, or lower (non-significant).Conclusion. Results of the study witness on the relation of CHD and its RF with the combination of smoking and alcohol consumption.
STS and the Importance of Being a Collective: Gill Haddow Talks with Barry Barnes
Authors: Haddow Gill , Barnes Barry 
Published: July 2018

Professor Barry Barnes was a key, founding member of the early Science Studies Unit (SSU) at the University of Edinburgh. In this interview with Gill Haddow he reflects on what is was like to be part of this fertile period of scholarly enterprise with David Bloor and others and describes some of the key influences that effected his thinking such as Thomas Kuhn. The eighties were a time of political unrest and SSU, was not outwardly political in vision but was not immune. The Science Wars also had detrimental effects for some. The origin of the concept of “boot-strapped induction,” or feedback loops was also being brought into existence with the idea that scientific knowledge was both self-referential and self-validating. At the center lay the most basic and enduring tenets of Barnes’ thought and that was the collective and how people could never truly be independent. A reflection by Gill Haddow follows the interview.
Ensino e Aprendizagem: Uma análise das Metodologias Aplicadas no Instituto Metrópole Digital: UFRN.
Authors: Leite Andressa Ferreira Ramalho , Alexandre Mauro Lemuel de Oliveira 
Published: July 2018

O presente estudo apresenta uma análise das metodologias aplicadas no Instituto Metrópole Digital em seus cursos técnicos, de graduação e pós-graduação, visando atingir como objetivo central a compreensão do ensino e aprendizagem nesse processo educacional. Para tanto, foram identificadas as principais metodologias de ensino adotadas pelos docentes do Instituto, verificando quais os critérios de seleção do método e fatores que influenciam na escolha, buscando perceber qual a autonomia do docente no processo de escolha e a utilização da modalidade a distância: EaD. O estudo se caracteriza quanto à sua metodologia, como exploratório descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, em que, para obtenção de dados, foi aplicado um roteiro de questões abertas e fechadas aos docentes dos cursos do Instituto Metrópole Digital - campus Natal, utilizando a plataforma digital Survey Monkey. Como resultado desse estudo, percebe-se que os professores optam preferencialmente pela utilização de métodos interativos de ensino, mesmo utilizando por vezes a aula expositiva-dialogada, e que o perfil do aluno é considerado fator decisivo na escolha do método. As considerações finais desta pesquisa baseiam-se na influência de fatores relacionados às normas do Instituto e à infraestrutura da instituição, o que corrobora, diretamente, a escolha do método de ensino.Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem. Ensino a distância. Metodologia. Teaching and Learning: An Analysis of the Applied Methodologies at the Digital Metropole Institute: UFRN.AbstractThe study shows an analysis of the applied methodologies in the Instituto Metrópole Digital, at the technical, undergraduate, and graduate level courses, with the main objective being the understanding of the teaching and learning process. In order to do so, the main teaching methods adopted by the Institute's instructors were identified, verifying the selection criteria and factors that influence the choice, seeking to understand the teacher's autonomy in the choice process and the use of the Distance Education Teaching Modality - EAD. The study is characterized as qualitative descriptive exploratory study and to collect the data a survey with close and open ended questions was made available to course instructors of the Instituto Metrópole Digital - Campus Natal, via the digital platform Survey Monkey. As a result of this study, it is perceived that instructors prefer to use interactive teaching methods, even using the expository-dialogue class methodology, and that the student's profile is considered a decisive factor in the choice of the methods. The final considerations of this research study are based on the influence of factors related to the norms of the Instituto and to the infrastructure of the institution, which corroborate directly in the choice of the teaching methods. Keywords: Learning process, Distance Education, Methodology
O Uso da Accountability Theory em Pesquisas sobre Transparência Governamental: Abordagens e Perspectivas
Authors: Hickmann Klein Rodrigo , Barbiero Klein Deisy Cristina , Mezzomo Luciano Edimara 
Published: July 2018

No desenvolvimento de uma cultura de transparência, responsabilização e qualidade do gasto público, a responsabilização almejada pode ser alcançada pelos componentes e mecanismos da Accountability Theory (AT), que abrange processos no qual os indivíduos têm a obrigação potencial de explicar suas ações a outros indivíduos, os quais têm o direito de julgar as ações e administrar consequências positivas ou negativas em resposta a essas ações. Por intermédio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, a presente pesquisa identificou abordagens e estratégias de pesquisa sobre AT. Dentre os usos da AT destacou-se o reiterado uso de mecanismos de prestação de contas e responsabilização na avaliação de desempenho de funcionários, públicos ou privados, e a relação do uso eficaz desses mecanismos à melhoria do desempenho. As expectativas de responsabilização tornam os funcionários mais dispostos a assumir e apoiar ações orientadas para a conformidade, quando visa à prevenção, detecção e punição de violações de leis e regras. Os resultados demonstraram uma potencial área de pesquisa empírica sobre o uso da AT, abrangendo a transparência e o combate à corrupção, pois a prestação de contas, e a posterior responsabilização, são inerentes à legislação sobre controle dos gastos e ações governamentais.
Efecto del consumo de extracto de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) sobre el recuento de leucocitos, en ratones (Mus musculus)
Authors: Amaro Jony , Iparraguirre María Elena 
Published: July 2018

La alfalfa, Medicago sativa L, es una leguminosa altamente ecológica, de fácil cultivo y comercialización. En Perú, se cultiva como forraje para animales. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto del consumo del extracto de alfalfa sobre el recuento de leucocitos, en ratón albino. Material y métodos: Estudio experimental, realizado en el Bioterio de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se utilizaron veinte ratones albinos de la cepa balb/c, machos, de peso promedio 23,2 ± 32,8 g. Se formaron dos grupos: experimental y control, cada uno, de diez ratones. Al grupo experimental se le administró, vía oral por canulación extracto de alfalfa, en dosis de 250 mg/kg, volumen de 2 ml, y al grupo control, también, vía oral por canulación, placebo, volumen de 2 ml, cada cinco horas, durante una semana, alternando con nutrientes estándar. Se realizó recuento de leucocitos. Resultados: Dentro del periodo de acondicionamiento, se observó un ligero incremento en la media de leucocitos del grupo control (3940 ± 1549,3) frente al grupo experimental (3840 ± 1468,3), cuya diferencia no fue significativa. Luego de administrar al grupo experimental el extracto de Medicago sativa L., alternando con sus nutrientes respectivos, se observó diferencia significativa de la media (7800 ± 2885,2) frente al grupo control (3930 ± 1518,1) (p<0,05). Conclusiones: En condiciones experimentales, el consumo del extracto de Medicago sativa L. incrementó significativamente el número de leucocitos.
PENDIDIKAN KEAKSARAAN UNTUK MENCERDASKAN KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Kuntoro Sodiq A. 
Published: July 2018

Literacy/illiteracy is not a simple matter. It does not only show whether a person can read and write words and letters, but also whether a person can face complicated problems of human life. Illiterate persons usually have weaknesses in understanding their own problems comprehensively. They suffer from an inferiority state of mind. They usually feel less important than others as they are unable to solve their own problems. Literacy education for youths and adults as a movement to improve the human life condition, therefore, should not be understood in a technical level i.e. teaching reading and writing letters and words. Words are not empty. Words represent human thought about world and reality. They also represent the users’ desire to do something. So, literacy education for youths and adults must be designed to improve the learners’ cognition, and to develop a new perspective of self-consciousness in relation to the willingness to cope with the learners’ life problems. The youths and adults learning activities must be based on transformative perspective, as they have been involved in the social development. The learning activities must transform them to be active participants or agents in the social development. Literacy education indeed must be considered in a wider understanding and not in a simple one.
Delatylus andersoni n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) Isolated from White Pine (Pinus monticola) Lumber from USA and Intercepted in Ningbo, China
Authors: Yu Qing , Munawar Maria , Gu Jianfeng , Ye Weimin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Three populations of neotylenchid nematodes were isolated in Ningbo, P. R. China, from white pine lumber (Pinus monticola) imported from the USA. The nematodes were morphologically intermediate between Hexatylus and Deladenus. The nematodes were molecularly characterized based on sequences of the rDNA small subunit 18S, large subunit 28S D2/D3, and internal transcribed spacer sequences. The phylogenetic inferences placed the nematodes with other neotylenchid nematodes, i.e., Fergusobia and Rubzovinema. Based on the morphology and phylogenetic analysis, this nematode is described herein as Delatylus andersoni n. gen., n. sp. The new genus/species is characterized by the female body habitus ranging from nonobese to semiobese and from straight to dorsally curved when heat relaxed, cephalic framework with six unequal sized lip sectors, lateral fields having 10 to 12 lines, 4 to 5 guide rings on the stylet, excretory pore posterior to the nerve ring, spermatheca diminished or absent, vulvar opening large, and relative proximity of vulva to the anus. Detailed morphological and molecular characterization of the new genus/species is presented along with the comparison of the related genera.
Using ERGMs to Disaggregate Displacement Cascades*
Authors: Schon Justin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
How do civilians select internal displacement destinations during conflict? Existing research emphasizes the value of cascades as a guide to making these difficult decisions. Cascades may involve civilians following people in their social networks (community cascades), people with similar characteristics (co-ethnic cascades), or the crowd in general (herd cascades). Analyses relying upon interview or regression-based methodological approaches face substantial challenges in identifying the prevalence of, and relationship between, each type of cascade. While interview-based approaches can incorporate location characteristics and movement patterns, they struggle with assessing aggregate trends. Meanwhile, regression-based approaches can assess aggregate trends, but they struggle with incorporating location characteristics and movement patterns. Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) that conceive of locations as nodes in a network and movements between those locations as ties can overcome these challenges and assess aggregate trends while incorporating location characteristics and movement patterns. This paper demonstrates the utility of this approach using data from UNHCR on internal displacement in Somalia from 2007-2013. Results reveal that herd cascades only form at high displacement levels, co-ethnic cascades form at medium and high displacement levels, and community cascades form at all displacement levels. Therefore, cascades provide stronger guides for displacement-related decisions as civilians switch from following the crowd in general to following those with similar characteristics to following social ties.
New Gene Responsible for Resistance of Clinical Corynebacteria to Macrolide, Lincosamide and Streptogramin B
Authors: SZEMRAJ MAGDALENA , KWASZEWSKA ANNA , SZEWCZYK ELIGIA M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The subject of the study was phenotypic marking of the antibiotic susceptibility and MLSB resistance mechanism in Corynebacterium spp. isolated from human skin (18 isolates) and from clinical materials (19 isolates). The strains were tested for the presence of the erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(X), lnu(A), msr(A), msr(B) and mph(C) genes. Clinical isolates showed wide resistance to antibiotics. In 89% clinical isolates and 72% skin microbiota a constitutive type of MLSB resistance was found. In 12 clinical isolates the erm(C) gene was detected-eight of which had erm(X) as well as erm(C), two harboured erm(X), erm(C) and erm(A) and two demonstrated only erm(C).
Development and Evaluation of a Latex Agglutination Test for the Identification of Francisella tularensis Subspecies Pathogenic for Human
Authors: RASTAWICKI WALDEMAR , FORMIŃSKA KAMILA , ZASADA ALEKSANDRA A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Francisella tularensis are highly infectious bacteria causing a zoonotic disease called tularemia. Identification of this bacterium is based on antigen detection or PCR. The paper presents a latex agglutination test (LAT) for rapid identification of clinically relevant F. tularensis subspecies. The test can be performed within three minutes with live or inactivated bacteria. The possibility to test the inactivated samples reduces the risk of laboratory acquired infection and allows performing the test under BSL-2 conditions.
Further evidence of high level of persistence of pediatric bipolar-I disorder from childhood onto young adulthood: a five-year follow up
Authors: Wozniak Janet , Wolenski Rebecca , Fitzgerald Maura , Faraone Stephen V. , Joshi Gagan , Uchida Mai , Biederman Joseph 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background: Pediatric bipolar (BP)-I disorder affects a sizeable minority of children and is associated with high levels of morbidity. Relatively few studies have assessed the persistence of the disorder over time.
Objective: The main aim of this study was to extend our findings from our 4-year follow-up study examining rates of persistence of pediatric BP-I disorder onto late adolescent years and young adulthood 5 years after our original study.
Methods: We conducted a 1-year extension to our original prospective study of 78 youth, ages six to 17 years, with BP-I disorder at ascertainment, who were followed up into their adolescent and young adult years (14.9 ± 3.8). All subjects were comprehensively assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and psychosocial, educational, and treatment history assessments.
Results: Of the 78 BP-I participating youth, 68 were re-accessioned one year following the 4-year follow-up study, thus effectively 5 years since the original study. Of these, 63% continued to meet full (50%) or subthreshold (13%) diagnostic criteria for BP-I and 18% continued to have full or subthreshold major depressive disorder. Only 19% of BP-I youth were euthymic at the 5-year follow up.
Discussion: This 1-year extension study further documents the high level of persistence of pediatric BP-I from childhood onto late adolescence and young adulthood. The results provide compelling evidence of the morbidity and dysfunction associated with this disorder and its many forms.
Clinical significance: This study adds to a small amount of literature on the persistence of pediatric BP disorder and the critical need for early identification and intervention.
Fall Applications of Proxy (Ethephon) Suppress Spring Seedheads of ‘Meyer’ Zoysiagrass
Authors: Patton Aaron J. , Schortgen Geoffrey P. , Hoyle Jared A. , Harrell Michael S. , Reicher Zachary J. 
Published: July 2018

Core IdeasEarly fall Proxy (ethephon) applications effectively suppress Meyer zoysiagrass seedheads in spring.Apply Proxy in late‐September when days are approximately 12 hours long to suppress zoysiagrass seedheads.Tank‐mixtures of Proxy with large patch fungicides reduce application labor and equipment costs.‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonicaSteud.) is used on golf courses throughout the transitional climatic zone because of its aesthetic and functional quality and tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, a key problem with Meyer zoysiagrass is that it produces seedheads in the spring that reduce aesthetics and increase golf course maintenance costs. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the efficacy of Proxy (ethephon) on Meyer zoysiagrass seedhead suppression at three locations when applied in fall before winter dormancy and in spring prior to seedhead production. The early fall application timing of Proxy provided > 90% suppression of zoysiagrass seedheads with < 10% injury. Late fall and spring Proxy applications provided little seedhead suppression. The early fall application timing that successfully suppressed Meyer zoysiagrass seedheads in our experiment was applied from 23 to 29 September across locations to 100% green zoysiagrass; on dates with a photoperiod of 11.9 to 12.1 h; and following the accumulation of < 14 cooling degree days (20°C base temperature). This research provides turf managers insight on how to best suppress Meyer zoysiagrass seedhead production.
Present and Future Human Emissions of Rotavirus and Escherichia coli to Uganda's Surface Waters
Authors: Okaali Daniel A. , Hofstra Nynke 
Published: July 2018

Rotavirus (RV) and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli are waterborne pathogens commonly causing diarrhea in children below five years old worldwide. Our study is a first step toward a loads–concentrations–risk modeling and scenario analysis framework. We analyzed current and future human RV and indicator E. coli (EC) emissions from sanitation facilities to surface waters in Uganda using two process‐based models. Emissions were estimated for the baseline year 2015 and for three scenarios in 2030 using population, excretion rates, sanitation types, and wastewater treatment. The first model is a downscaled GloWPa‐Rota H1 version, producing emissions at a 1‐km2 resolution. The second model is newly developed for Kampala and adds emissions from pit latrines and septic tanks excluded in the first model. The scenarios Business as Usual, Industrious, and Low Emissions reflect government prospects in sanitation coverage and wastewater treatment. For the first model, 6.14 × 1014 RV particles d−1 and 1.31 × 1012 EC colony‐forming units (CFU) d−1 are emitted to surface waters in 2015. The RV emissions are expected to increase in 2030 by 75% for Business as Usual and 212% for Industrious and decrease by 58% in Low Emissions. Emissions from the second model are higher for Kampala than in the first model, at 3.74 × 1014 vs. 5.95 × 1013 RV particles d−1 and 8.18 × 1011 vs. 1.75 × 1011 EC CFU d−1 in 2015, most of which come from the onsite‐not‐contained category. Simulated emissions for Kampala show the importance of including onsite sanitation in our modeling. Our study is replicable in other locations and helps identify key emission sources, their hotspots, and the importance of wastewater treatment. The scenarios can guide future sanitation safety planning.Core Ideas
Rotavirus and E. coli emissions from sanitation facilities reach surface water.
Using modeling and scenario analysis, we simulated these emissions for Uganda.
High‐emission areas are Kampala and other urban areas.
A new model including onsite sanitation shows higher emissions in Kampala.
Future emissions are reducible through sanitation planning.